gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Ferroelectrically augmented contact electrification enables efficient acoustic energy transfer through liquid and solid media (2022)

Acoustic energy transfer using ferroelectrically augmented triboelectric receivers can efficiently deliver energy to implantable medical devices, marine cable operation sensors, and electronic devices with electromagnetic interference shielding cases.
Comparison of ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging parameters in predicting survival in isolated left‐sided congenital diaphragmatic hernia (2013)

A variety of measures have been proposed as antenatal predictors of survival in CDH. Ultrasound parameters function at a similar level, whereas MRI-determined parameters appear to offer better predictive value.
Scientific Opinion on applications (EFSA-GMO-UK-2008-57 and EFSA-GMO-RX-MON15985) for the placing on the market of insect-resistant genetically modified cotton MON 15985 for food and feed uses, import and processing, and for the renewal of authorisation o (2014)

Cotton MON 15985 was developed by biolistic transformation of cotton MON 531 to express Cry2Ab2 and &#13;\nGUS in addition to the Cry1Ac and NPTII proteins. Cry proteins in MON 15985 confer resistance to major &#13;\nlepidopteran cotton pests, whereas the GUS and NPTII proteins were used as markers during product &#13;\ndevelopment. Molecular characterisation of MON 15985 did not give rise to safety issues. The EFSA GMO &#13;\nPanel could not conclude on the potential occurrence of unintended effects for agronomic and phenotypic &#13;\ncharacteristics owing to data limitations. Compositional data gave no indication of unintended effects for which &#13;\nfurther assessment was needed. The Panel concludes that cotton MON 15985, as described in these applications,&#13;\nis as safe and nutritious as its conventional counterpart and other non-genetically modified varieties, and&#13;\nconsiders it unlikely that the overall allergenicity of the whole plant is changed. Environmental risk assessment&#13;\nwas restricted to the exposure through faecal material from animals fed with cotton products of MON 15985 and &#13;\nits accidental spillage. Following a weight of evidence approach and considering the poor ability of cotton to &#13;\nsurvive outside cultivated land, despite the agronomic and phenotypic data limitations, the Panel concludes that &#13;\nthere is very low likelihood of any adverse environmental impacts. The aadA and oriV sequences in &#13;\nMON 15985 may facilitate the stabilisation of nptII through double homologous recombination. However, &#13;\nconsidering the limited presence of intact DNA from MON 15985 in feed and the limited occurrence of &#13;\nhorizontal transfer of DNA from plant material to bacteria, the Panel concludes that it is highly unlikely that &#13;\nnptII from MON 15985 will be transferred to bacteria.
Superior fracture resistance of fiber reinforced polyampholyte hydrogels achieved by extraordinarily large energy-dissipative process zones (2019)

Fiber-reinforced polyampholyte hydrogels have demonstrated superior fracture resistance by saturating extraordinarily large energy-dissipative process zones, outperforming other existing tough materials.
Morphology of man‐made fibers (1968)

Abstract Recent advances in electron microscopy of polymer systems have produced new structure theories (lamellar versus micellar) and considerable speculation on the nature of synthetic fiber structure. This paper illustrates what can be seen directly on the structure of nylon 66, polyester, and acrylic fibers with high‐resolution and scanning electron microscopy and attempts to relate the structure seen in the complex fiber systems with simpler structure observed in bulk polymer and solution grown crystals. Instances of support for the lamellar and fibrillar theories of structure are noted.
Depth map recovery for multi-view using belief propagation (2009)

Depth maps are playing an important role in the multi-view system. For multi-view, depth maps can be used not only for image-based rendering (IBR), but also for multi-view stereo reconstruction by merging depth maps into 3D models. In this paper, we propose a novel approach to recover depth maps for multi-view. The most contribution of our work is the combination of a robust photo-consistency metric and the belief propagation algorithm, which results in several advantages. First, with the robust photo-consistency metric, our approach effectively utilizes the depth information from the multiple views and solves the occlusion problem as well. Second, the depth values of pixels in textureless regions can be effectively computed by belief propagation with depth discontinuity concerned. Finally, the proposed approach can deal with various scenes. The experimental results show that our approach can recover satisfactory depth maps.
A Study of Liquid Delivery MOCVD of Lead Oxide Thin Films on Pt and Ir Substrates (2005)

Lead oxide thin films were deposited on and substrates by liquid delivery metallorganic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) at substrate temperatures ranging from 475 to using a dome-type CVD chamber in order to understand the MOCVD behavior of ferroelectric films. The precursor and oxidant were bis-tetramethylheptanedionato- dissolved in ethylcyclohexane and , respectively. The lead oxide films were nicely grown on the electrode irrespective of the deposition temperature. However, the film growth on the electrode was hampered by the in situ oxidation of the film when the growth temperature was above . The film grown at contained metallic components which may largely degrade the electrical properties of the film. A smaller oxygen flow rate reduced the oxidation of the film and enhanced the lead oxide film growth with a smaller content of metallic . An interesting observation was that the reactively sputtered electrodes are reduced during the lead oxide CVD process and produced similar film growth behaviors as that on electrodes.
Single-Molecule Study on Intermolecular Interaction between C60and Porphyrin Derivatives: Toward Understanding the Strength of the Multivalency (2009)

Multivalency is important in molecular self-assembly, although it remains a challenge to correlate the single-molecule results with the multivalent interaction. As the first example, we have combined a well-defined self-assembling system with AFM-based single-molecule force spectroscopy (SMFS) to investigate the intermolecular interactions and multivalency between C(60) and porphyrin derivatives. Compared with the interaction between C(60) and a single porphyrin (29 pN), SMFS has revealed that porphyrin tweezers can provide an enhanced binding interaction with C(60), resulting in a more than 2-fold higher unbinding force (75 pN, at the same loading rate). In addition, a much lower dissociation rate and a shorter effective distance between the bound state and transition state of the interaction are indicated by dynamic force spectroscopy. These results provide new quantitative information on the divalency effect in the unbinding process of C(60) and porphyrin tweezers at the single-molecule level, which is of significance in understanding the strength of the multivalency in the molecular assembly.
A capacitive threshold-logic gate (1996)

A dense and fast threshold-logic gate with a very high fan-in capacity is described. The gate performs sum-of-product and thresholding operations in an architecture comprising a poly-to-poly capacitor array and an inverter chain. The Boolean function performed by the gate is soft programmable. This is accomplished by adjusting the threshold with a dc voltage. Essentially, the operation is dynamic and thus, requires periodic reset. However, the gate can evaluate multiple input vectors in between two successive reset phases because evaluation is nondestructive. Asynchronous operation is, therefore, possible. The paper presents an electrical analysis of the gate, identifies its limitations, and describes a test chip containing four different gates of fan-in 30, 62, 127, and 255. Experimental results confirming proper functionality in all these gates are given, and applications in arithmetic and logic function blocks are described.
Karyotypic analysis of methotrexate-resistant and sensitive mouse L5178Y cells (1981)

A lymphoblastic leukemia cell line, L5178YR, that is over 100,000-fold resistant to methotrexate (MTX) has been developed. Previous work has demonstrated that the resistant line has dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) levels 300-fold higher than the sensitive parental cells, L5178Y. Resistant cells grown in the absence of MTX (L5178YR–) showed a similar level of DHFR activity. The increase in DHFR could be entirely accounted for by a corresponding increase in DHFR-specific mRNA and gene copies. Studies were carried out to determine whether these changes in the resistant cells were accompanied by karyotypic alterations. A detailed karyotypic analysis of the sensitive parental line (L5178YS) and the two resistant cell lines (L5178YR+ and L5178YR-) was performed. Although certain abnormal marker chromosomes were present in all three cell lines, the most striking consistent difference between the resistant and sensitive cells was the presence of a large, faintly banded region of intermediate staining intensity, termed a “homogeneously staining region” (HSR), inserted within a reduplicated part of chromosome 2. It was present in approximately 90% of resistant cells, and no more than one HSR was ever present in a cell. Hybridization in situ was performed to determine the chromosomal locations of &lt;i&gt;DHFR &lt;/i&gt;genes. Utilizing a purified complementary DNA probe made from messenger RNA of the L5178YR+ cells, the genes were shown to be localized exclusively to the HSR.
An Integrated Pressure-flow Sensor For Correlation Measurements In Turbulent Gas Flows (2005)

A new integrated pressure—flow sensor has been specially designed for measurements in turbulent gas flows. The pressure sensor is based on polysilicon diaphragm technology and the flow sensor on the gas cooling of a polyimide-insulated heated mass. With a pressure-sensor diaphragm area of 100 μm × 100 μm, a flow-sensor hot-chip area of 300 μm × 60 μm and an edge-to-edge distance of 100 μm between the different sensor areas, the smallest eddies in technically interesting turbulent flows can be resolved and measured. The pressure-sensor design shows a flat frequency response curve within ±2 dB between 10 Hz and 10 kHz with an acoustic sensitivity of 0.9 μV Pa−1 for a supply voltage of 10 V. The flow sensor has a thermal response with a time constant of 7 ms and a response time of 25 μs when the sensor is operated at constant temperature using feedback electronics. The measured steady-state flow-sensor power dissipation in a turbulent wall boundary layer at an overtemperature of 100 °C was P = 34 + 0.4τ00.47 mW where τ0 is the time-average flow-dependent wall shear stress. The integrated sensor has been used for simultaneous measurement of fluctuating pressure and wall shear stress in a turbulent boundary layer yielding pressure—wall shear stress correlation coefficients never previously presented.
Study on the robustness of electron ptychography for phase imaging in the STEM using fast pixelated detectors (2016)

The use of electron ptychography methods for phase imaging in the scanning transmission electron microscope (STEM) have gained renewed interest due to the recent developments of fast pixelated detectors. One of those being the pnCCD (S)TEM camera [1] developed by PNSensor and PNDetector, it allows the recording of a 4D‐dataset that consists of the full convergent beam electron diffraction pattern for each probe position that is scanned over the sample. This dataset contains all the scattering information generated by the electron sample interaction in the STEM experiment. The technique has allowed improved resolution beyond conventional limits [2] and phase contrast imaging at atomic resolution of different materials [3, 4]. In combination with other STEM techniques, it enables imaging of heavy and light elements of radiation‐sensitive materials at the atomic scale [4]. In this work, we present an analysis and discussion of two different phase reconstruction algorithms, such as the Single Side Band (SSB) [3, 5, 6] and the Wigner‐Distribution Deconvolution (WDD) [7] methods, in terms of their robustness to dynamical effects. The main difference of both methods is that the phase difference retrieved by the SSB method is still affected by the probe aberrations, meanwhile the WDD method allows to correct for this [4, 7]. However, in both cases a multiplicative interaction between the specimen function and the electron wave is assumed, which complicates the interpretation of the reconstructed wave when dynamical effects start to play a major role. Figures 1 and 2 show experimental results of retrieving the modulus (a) and the phase difference (b) of a gold nanoparticle measured with the pnCCD (S)TEM camera and using the discussed ptychography methods. It can be observed that by correcting the probe aberrations [3] while using the WDD method, the quality of the reconstructed image is dramatically improved. Moreover, a ring‐like shape of the reconstructed phase difference for some atomic columns is observed. This behavior is studied in detail by image simulations (c) and discussed in terms of how dynamical effects influence the reconstruction algorithm. Furthermore, we explore the comparison of this method with other phase imaging techniques.
Regioselectivity in Palladium‐Catalyzed C—H Activation/Oxygenation Reactions. (2005)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
The effects of board mechanisms and ownership on the relationship between CEO duality and earnings management in China’s listed companies (2014)

The question of whether CEO duality contributes to or constrains earnings management has been debated for decades. Yet there is conflicting evidence in previous literature, this paper firstly finds that CEO duality are positively related to earnings management in China’s unique environment. Secondly our empirical evidence suggests that internal and external board mechanisms can moderate CEO duality’s effects on earnings management. Board mechanisms, i.e. board independence level and audit committee can moderate the positive relationship between CEO duality and earnings management. Furthermore, the factor analysis shows that certain combination of board mechanisms can also mitigates the effects of CEO power on earnings management.
Calcium homeostasis in the fetal pig. (1982)

Acute studies have been carried out with pregnant sows and their fetuses during the last 2 weeks of gestation. In blood samples obtained simultaneously it was shown that the concentrations of ionized calcium, calcitonin and parathyroid hormone (PTH) in fetal plasma were all greater than the corresponding values in maternal plasma. In contrast, the fetal concentrations of 24,25-dihydroxy vitamin D3 were lower than maternal and those of 1,25-dihydroxy vitamin D3 were not significantly different. In one experiment the circulatory level of fetal PTH was shown to be higher than in the sow by both an immunoradiometric assay and a very sensitive cytochemical assay. The latter showed the fetal: maternal ratio to be approximately three. This inappropriately high level of fetal PTH was unaffected by short term hypocalcaemic and hypercalcaemic changes in the fetal circulation. Although part of this fetal PTH may have been secreted in response to the action of beta-catecholamines released as a result of the experimental conditions, the transplacental gradient of PTH was also demonstrated in the chronically catheterized fetus. A short term period of either hypercalcaemia or hypocalcaemia induced in the mother was without consistent effect upon plasma calcium concentration in the fetus. However, an increase in ionized calcium concentration in the fetal plasma was found to follow the cessation of a period of maternal hypocalcaemia. It can be seen that the porcine fetus possesses the important elements of a calcium homeostatic mechanism, namely parathyroid hormone, calcitonin and the biologically active metabolites of vitamin D. Although the degree of independence from the mother is somewhat less than in the sheep, it is concluded that the porcine fetus is largely autonomous with respect to calcium homeostasis.
An Intelligent Automated Door Control System Based on a Smart Camera (2013)

This paper presents an innovative access control system, based on human detection and path analysis, to reduce false automatic door system actions while increasing the added values for security applications. The proposed system can first identify a person from the scene, and track his trajectory to predict his intention for accessing the entrance, and finally activate the door accordingly. The experimental results show that the proposed system has the advantages of high precision, safety, reliability, and can be responsive to demands, while preserving the benefits of being low cost and high added value.
Regulated genes in psoriatic skin during treatment with fumaric acid esters (2014)

FAE treatment induces glutathione and Nrf2 pathway genes in lesional skin of patients with psoriasis. In responders, FAEs specifically regulate the transcription factors PTTG1, NR3C1, GATA3 and NFκBIZ, which are important in normal cutaneous development, and the T-helper (Th)2 and Th17 pathways, respectively.
A New Inverse Time Overcurrent Relay with Adjustable Characteristics [includes discussion] (1953)

This paper describes a completely redesigned inverse time overcurrent induction-type relay. The principal goals sought in this new version of an old familiar relay were: (1) improved accuracy, (2) adjustability of the characteristic current-time curves, not only to meet the prescribed curve within close tolerances but also to provide as wide a spread as possible of other obtainable curve shapes, and (3) simplification and improvement of mechanical design, such as the elimination of gears, and a truly adjustable permanent magnet. This paper describes a relay in which these goals were met, see Figure 1.
AN AFM INVESTIGATION OF SURFACE ENERGY OF PENTACENE FILMS ON PARYLENE-C AND BENZOCYCLOBUTENE (2012)

In view to put in light morphology peculiarities of pentacene, the widely used material for organic transistors, a detailed atomic force microscopy (AFM) investigation of the pentacene growth mode in relationship with the film thickness (in the range 6–60 nm) is reported. Local surface energy measurements based on contact AFM spectroscopy were performed to explain the thickness dependent morphology of the pentacene films onto two polymer dielectrics (parylene-C and benzocyclobutene). Our analysis provided an exhaustive description not only of the accessible film surface but also of its inner structural properties. Evidenced by these approaches, a critical thickness of 30 nm was found in relation with a transition from the orthorhombic thin film phase to triclinic bulk phase for pentacene growth on parylene-C and benzocyclobutene. This thickness was previously observed to be corresponding to organic field effect transistors (OFETs) with optimized mobility.
A leading-edge 0.9&#x00B5;m pixel CMOS image sensor technology with backside illumination: Future challenges for pixel scaling (2010)

This paper presents process breakthroughs that enable a BSI 0.9μm pixel formation and its performance. The technology was developed using 300mm bulk silicon starting wafers with the state-of-the-art tool set for BSI sensor processing. This is the first demonstration of 0.9μm BSI pixel with acceptable optical performance. Further improvements are in the area of crosstalk suppression and color performance enhancement for continuous pixel scaling from 0.9μm.
Inside Back Cover: Synthetic Humic Acids Solubilize Otherwise Insoluble Phosphates to Improve Soil Fertility (Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 52/2019) (2019)

Artificial humic acids made from biomass in a hydrothermal process are a practical route to solubilize otherwise insoluble phosphorous species, as shown by F. Yang, M. Antonietti et al. in their Communication on page 18813. The picture recalls a famous Chinese art piece, “The man who broke the mountains". It symbolizes in this context the crushing of phosphate rock to nutriate the flowers shown on the right side of the picture. The man represents the humic acid who breaks the rock, with patience and persistence, into little pieces.
Reinfection of Tall Fescue Cultivars with Non‐Ergot Alkaloid–Producing Endophytes (2002)

For tall fescue ( Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) in the southeastern USA, persistence and yield are directly related to infection with a fungal endophyte [ Neotyphodium coenophialum (Morgan‐Jones &amp; Gams.) Glenn, Bacon, &amp; Hanlin comb. nov.]. However, most endophyte‐infected (E+) tall fescue cultivars produce toxic ergot alkaloids resulting in poor weight gain and reproduction in grazing livestock. The objective of this paper was to assess the strategy of reinfecting ‘Jesup’ and ‘Georgia 5’ tall fescue with non‐ergot alkaloid–producing endophyte strains. Different cultivar–strain combinations were tested against the E+ and endophyte‐free (E−) versions of the same cultivars for stand survival and dry matter yield; in separate experiments, they were assessed for toxicity in lambs ( Ovis aries ). Most cultivar–strain combinations produced no ergot alkaloids but varied in ability to transmit through seed. The best combination, Jesup (AR542), possessed yield and stand survival better ( P &lt; 0.05) than the E− checks and equivalent ( P &lt; 0.05) to the E+ checks. Lambs gained an average of 124 g/d on both cultivars containing AR542, which was equivalent to gains on E− forage but approximately 57% greater than gains on E+ forage. Animals consuming forage from E− or non‐ergot‐producing strains did not exhibit depressed serum prolactin or elevated body temperatures of animals on E+ forage. The strategy of reinfecting tall fescue cultivars with naturally occurring, non‐ergot‐producing endophytes appears promising for removing toxicity symptoms and retaining agronomic performance, but intense screening is needed to identify the best cultivar–strain combinations.
An adaptive, perception-driven error spreading scheme in continuous media streaming (2002)

For transmission of continuous media (CM) streams such as audio and video over the Internet, a critical issue is that periodic network overloads cause bursty packet losses. Studies on human perception of audio and video streams have shown that bursty losses have the most annoying affects. Hence, addressing this issue is critical for multimedia applications such as Internet telephony, videoconferencing, distance learning, etc. Classical error handling schemes like retransmission and forward error recovery have the undesirable effects of (a) introducing timing variations, which is unacceptable for isochronous traffic, and (b) using up valuable bandwidth, potentially exacerbating the problem. This paper introduces a new concept called error spreading, which is a transformation technique that takes an input sequence of packets (from an audio or video stream) and permutes them before transmission. The packets are then un-permuted at the receiver before delivery to the application. The purpose is to spread out bursty network errors, in order to achieve better perceptual quality of the transmitted stream. Analysis has been done to determine the provable lower bound on bursty errors tolerable by this class of protocols. An algorithm to generate the optimal permutation for a given network loss rate is presented. While our previous work had focused on streams with no inter-frame dependencies, e.g. MJPEG encoded video, in this paper the technique is generalized to streams with inter-frame dependencies, e.g. MPEG encoded video.
The C-Scan pipeline survey system — a new approach to coating surveys on buried pipelines (1986)

There are an estimated two million kilometres of buried steel gas transmission pipelines around the world — all potentially liable to corrosive attack from the surrounding soil. External corrosion is recognised as the greatest single cause of catastrophic pipeline failure.