gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Detailed Microphysical Model Within a Two-Dimensional Dynamic Framework: Model Description and Preliminary Results (1980)

A two-dimensional anelastic cloud model which incorporates detailed treatments of the water and ice phase is presented. The liquid phase processes considered include condensation, quasi-stochastic coalescence, fallout and breakup, while the ice phase processes include diffusional and accretional growth of ice particles. Results of two cloud simulations are presented. The first case assumes an atmosphere with maritime cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) activation characteristics and considers the warm rain processes only. It was found that with the appearance of precipitation, the model-predicted supersaturations within updraft regions often reach values larger than 5% with respect to water. The second case assumes an atmosphere with continental CCN characteristics and includes the ice phase processes leading to the formation of graupel. The results of the second case illustrate the importance of cloud vertical motions in transporting ice particles from preferential nucleation regions in the upper portions of the cloud to preferential accretional growth regions of larger liquid water content. Discrepancies between model results and observations are discussed briefly and future research applications of this model are mentioned.
Hands-free voice activation of personal communication devices (2002)

We propose a real-time speaker-independent voice activation system composed of an HMM-based continuous speech recognition algorithm and a post-processing component. The post-processing component validates the recognition results by applying a set of criteria and confidence measures. Voice activation in this context refers to a system designed to continuously listen to incoming unconstrained speech and to recognize a pre-defined activation command while rejecting any other extraneous speech or noise. The proposed system is intended for turning a device on or for activating a main speech recognition application upon recognizing the activation utterance. This paper includes a description of the overall system, the post-processing algorithm formulation, and a discussion of the final results. The proposed system has been trained and tested on a database comprised of 2000 North American English speakers. The system yields a 0.55% false alarm rate, and a 15% false rejection rate for both isolated and embedded utterances.
Significant enhancement of broadband optical limiting behavior using off-resonant sub-wavelength coupled plasmonic waves (2008)

We present the numerical investigation of the optical limiting behavior based on coupled nonlinear plasmonic waveguides. Exploiting the strong localization of the electromagnetic fields at metal-dielectric interfaces, significant enhancement of the nonlinear absorption was achieved. Two types of optical limiters (OLs), one based on the enhanced optical Kerr (OK) effect and the other based on the enhanced two-photon absorption (TPA), are proposed. Their transmission characteristics at off-resonant band of Au are investigated. The simulation results reveal that the linear transmittances in both cases are higher than 85%, and the limiting thresholds are 250 GW/cm(2) and 42.69 GW/cm(2) for the OK and TPA based OLs, respectively. As compared with the non-structured slab waveguides, the optical limiting thresholds are greatly reduced. Wideband operation over 200 nm was confirmed and TPA induced free carrier absorption (FCA) discussed.
Quantum Emitters in Hexagonal Boron Nitride Have Spectrally Tunable\n Quantum Efficiency (2017)

Understanding the properties of novel solid-state quantum emitters is pivotal\nfor a variety of applications in field ranging from quantum optics to biology.\nRecently discovered defects in hexagonal boron nitride are especially\ninteresting, as they offer much desired characteristics such as narrow emission\nlines and photostability. Here, we study the dependence of the emission on the\nexcitation wavelength. We find that, in order to achieve bright single photon\nemission with high quantum efficiency, the excitation wavelength has to be\nmatched to the emitter. This is a strong indication that the emitters possess a\ncomplex level scheme and cannot be described by a simple two or three level\nsystem. Using this excitation dependence of the emission, we thus gain further\ninsight to the internal level scheme and demonstrate how to distinguish\ndifferent emitters both spatially as well as in terms of their photon\ncorrelations.\n
Performance Comparison of Energy-Efficient Power Control for CDMA and Multiuser UWB Networks (2007)

This paper studies the performance of a wireless data network using energy-efficient power control techniques when different multiple access schemes, namely direct-sequence code division multiple access (DS-CDMA) and impulse-radio ultrawideband (IR-UWB), are considered. Due to the large bandwidth of the system, the multipath channel is assumed to be frequency-selective. By making use of noncooperative game-theoretic models and large-system analysis tools, explicit expressions for the achieved utilities at the Nash equilibrium are derived in terms of the network parameters. A measure of the loss of DS-CDMA with respect to IR-UWB is proposed, which proves substantial equivalence between the two schemes. Simulation results are provided to validate the analysis.
A resonant clock generator for single-phase adiabatic systems (2001)

Article Share on A resonant clock generator for single-phase adiabatic systems Authors: Conrad H. Ziesler EECS Department, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI EECS Department, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MIView Profile , Suhwan Kim T. J. Watson Research Center, IBM Research Division, Yorktown Heights, NY T. J. Watson Research Center, IBM Research Division, Yorktown Heights, NYView Profile , Marios Papaefthymiou EECS Department, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI EECS Department, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MIView Profile Authors Info & Claims ISLPED '01: Proceedings of the 2001 international symposium on Low power electronics and designAugust 2001 Pages 159–164https://doi.org/10.1145/383082.383124Online:06 August 2001Publication History 23citation436DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations23Total Downloads436Last 12 Months8Last 6 weeks1 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteGet Access
Characterization of a phosphotyrosyl protein phosphatase activity associated with a phosphoseryl protein phosphatase of Mr = 95,000 from bovine heart. (1983)

A cytosolic phosphoprotein phosphatase of Mr = 95,000 purified from bovine cardiac muscle, which contains a catalytic subunit of Mr = 35,000, is known to be associated with a Mg2+-activated p-nitrophenyl phosphatase activity. We have found that the enzyme preparation is also active toward phosphotyrosyl-IgG and -casein phosphorylated by pp60v-src, the transforming gene product of Rous sarcoma virus. The properties of this phosphotyrosyl protein phosphatase activity closely resemble those of the p-nitrophenyl phosphatase activity but sharply differ from those of the phosphorylase phosphatase activity. Comparative studies of the activities of the Mr = 95,000 phosphatase, bovine kidney alkaline phosphatase, and ATP X Mg-dependent phosphatase toward phosphoseryl, phosphothreonyl, and phosphotyrosyl proteins and p-nitrophenyl phosphate under various conditions have been carried out. The results indicate that the Mr = 95,000 enzyme exhibits higher activity toward phosphoseryl and phosphothreonyl proteins than toward phosphotyrosyl proteins, while the kidney alkaline phosphatase preferentially dephosphorylates phosphotyrosyl proteins. ATP X Mg-dependent phosphatase is inactive toward phosphotyrosyl proteins.
Kinetic Study of the "Living" Cationic Polymerization of Cyclohexyl Vinyl Ether Initiated by Hydrogen Iodide in the Presence of Ammonium Salts (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTKinetic Study of the "Living" Cationic Polymerization of Cyclohexyl Vinyl Ether Initiated by Hydrogen Iodide in the Presence of Ammonium SaltsHenri Cramail and Alain DeffieuxCite this: Macromolecules 1994, 27, 6, 1401–1406Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00084a019https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00084a019research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views199Altmetric-Citations30LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
The Formation of Illite from Nontronite by Mesophilic and Thermophilic Bacterial Reaction (2011)

Abstract The formation of illite through the smectite-to-illite (S-I) reaction is considered to be one of the most important mineral reactions occurring during diagenesis. In biologically catalyzed systems, however, this transformation has been suggested to be rapid and to bypass the high temperature and long time requirements. To understand the factors that promote the S-I reaction, the present study focused on the effects of pH, temperature, solution chemistry, and aging on the S-I reaction in microbially mediated systems. Fe(III)-reduction experiments were performed in both growth and non-growth media with two types of bacteria: mesophilic ( Shewanella putrefaciens CN32) and thermophilic ( Thermus scotoductus SA-01). Reductive dissolution of NAu-2 was observed and the formation of illite in treatment with thermophilic SA-01 was indicated by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). A basic pH (8.4) and high temperature (65°C) were the most favorable conditions forthe formation of illite. A long incubation time was also found to enhance the formation of illite. K-nontronite (non-permanent fixation of K) was also detected and differentiated from the discrete illite in the XRD profiles. These results collectively suggested that the formation of illite associated with the biologically catalyzed smectite-to-illite reaction pathway may bypass the prolonged time and high temperature required for the S-I reaction in the absence of microbial activity.
[New aspects of calcium metabolism in kidney calculus disease]. (1988)

Recurrent calcium stone disease appears to be related to a high dietary intake of animal protein. The following mechanisms have been discussed to explain the relationship between dietary protein and calciuria: increased glomerular filtration rate (GFR), increased rate of sulphate excretion, acidosis-induced increase in ionised serum calcium ("filtered load") and decrease in tubular reabsorption, and mobilisation of bone mineral. Protein also diminishes urinary citrate. However, it has not been established in controlled trials whether a reduced dietary intake of protein diminishes the recurrence rate of renal stones. Determination of the normal range of urinary calcium is dependent on numerous variables: size; GFR; age; excretion of Na, Mg and Pi; dietary intake of Ca and protein; season. Ideally, all these variables should be evaluated. In many patients with recurrent stone formation hypercalciuria will be found. There is a consensus of opinion that intestinal Ca absorption is increased, but elevated frequency of a renal Ca leak has not been established. For patient management discrimination between absorptive and resorptive hypercalciuria is important; a simple test that can be performed as an outpatient procedure is proposed in order to make this distinction.
Quantitative Fundus Autofluorescence and Optical Coherence Tomography in Best Vitelliform Macular Dystrophy (2014)

Based on qAF, mutations in BEST1 do not cause increased lipofuscin levels in nonlesion fundus areas.
Separation of 4-Morpholinepropanesulfonic Acid from Its Aqueous Solution (1997)

A conceptual process for separating 4-morpholinepropanesulfonic acid (MOPS) from its aqueous solution was developed on the basis of the experimental solid−liquid equilibrium (SLE) data of MOPS + water and MOPS + methanol. In MOPS + water, a eutectic point was exhibited on the liquidus line and metastable ice was formed at lower temperatures. Due to the poor solubility of MOPS in methanol, methanol was found to be a suitable solvent to removed the residual water adhered to the crude MOPS crystals. The results from data correlation showed that the nonideal phase behavior of these two binary systems could be represented satisfactorily by the NRTL activity coefficient model.
Charging, accounting and billing management schemes in mobile telecommunication networks and the internet (2004)

The current technological advances in mobile telecommunication networks and the Internet are about to alter existing business models. These different worlds converge and create an open market, where a large number of independent application/service providers will offer their services to users through a limited number of network providers. At the same time, the evolution of existing network technologies and the specification of new concepts requires new advanced and holistic solutions in several technical areas. One such area is related to the design and management of new sophisticated functions and protocols to support innovative, flexible, and efficient charging, accounting, and billing mechanisms. This survey article considers the key concepts of such mechanisms, and the requirements they impose upon the network infrastructure. The article presents the latest efforts undertaken by standardization bodies in the mobile telecommunication industry as well as by Internet Working Groups to meet these requirements.
Cytologic regression grading of hormone‐treated prostatic cancer (1986)

Aspiration cytology during hormone treatment of prostatic cancer has been regularly performed at the University of Munich for 13 years and gives direct information on the primary tumor. To analyse its value in clinical practice, 919 biopsies of 187 patients were reviewed without knowledge of clinical data and the charts were analysed retrospectively. Each biopsy was classified as having good, medium, or poor therapeutic response depending on the regressive changes of the cells. Agreement between two independent observers was 89%. All but 39 of these patients have died and the surviving patients have a minimum observation period of 5.6 years. A poor therapeutic response was seen cytologically in 72 patients (38.5%) at variable times after treatment began. These patients have a statistically significant worse survival in comparison to all other patients. Forty-seven of these 72 patients had deterioration, but clinical signs developed later in 23 cases (mean 1.1 years); in 21 patients cytology and clinical signs were simultaneous and in only three cases clinical deterioration preceded aspiration cytology (mean 4.8 months). In 25 cases there was a cytologically poor therapeutic response, but no clinical signs of deterioration. These patients had the same survival rate as with good or medium treatment response. Serial aspiration cytology is a very valuable parameter in treatment monitoring and is often the early warning sign of endocrine treatment failure.
Cover Feature: Pyrolysis of Iron‐Containing Polyanilines under Micropore Generation Control: Electrocatalytic Performance in the Oxygen Reduction Reaction (ChemPlusChem 9/2020) (2020)

The Cover Feature shows the controlled generation of micropores for electrocatalytic activity toward the oxygen reduction reaction. The pyrolysis of iron-containing polyanilines was controlled by the molecular weight (MW) difference of polyanilines to give pyrolyzed products with enhanced surface area. The obtained pyrolyzed product prepared from polyaniline with MW of 100,000 showed higher electrocatalytic activity in acidic media than that with MW of 5,000. More information can be found in the Communication by Y. Inada, T. Hirao, and co-workers (DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202000363).
"Greedy For Facts": Charles Darwin's Information Needs and Behaviors (2007)

Aptly describing himself as "greedy for facts" and exercising "industry in observing and collecting facts", Charles Darwin passionately sought and assiduously organized, managed, communicated, and used information throughout his life. From a 21st-century information age perspective, Darwin can be seen as a pre-Melvil Dewey, multidisciplinary, Victorian era proto-information manager, whose skillfully-employed information behaviors were fundamental to realizing his seminal Origin of Species (1859) and in influencing his life-long scientific development. A large body of research about Darwin exists but little has been written in the library and information science (LIS) field regarding Darwin and his pivotal relationship with information. Human information behavior (HIB) is an emerging LIS subfield, which has principally studied the information needs and information seeking behaviors of modern era human beings. Cambridge University is the foremost provider of print and electronic access to more than 14,000 transcribed and edited extant letters written by and to Darwin. Using historical case study methodology, this dissertation applies an HIB-oriented approach to investigate and inventory Darwin's information needs and behaviors through analysis of his surviving correspondence and other primary and secondary Darwin-related scholarly sources. A general framework is developed, designating five interrelated, broad context information behavior (BCIB) classification categories for conceptualizing Darwin's information behavior roles: as information seeker, organizer, manager, communicator, and user. In the vein of Ellis et al.'s (1993) study designating eight information seeking behaviors exhibited by contemporary British scientists, this dissertation utilizes grounded theory to derive and explain more than fifty descriptive information behaviors (DIBs) exhibited by Darwin. DIBs are conceptual constructs which are used to specify and describe, via words and examples from Darwin's correspondence and writings, the relevant characteristics and nuances of his diverse information behaviors. A case study examines and explicates the crucial ways in which Darwin's information behaviors proved instrumental in preserving priority for his evolutionary ideas during a crisis period involving rival evolutionary theorist Alfred Russel Wallace in 1858. An information-related timeline of Darwin's life, graphic models, and digital photographs illustrating his information behaviors are presented. Limitations of the study and areas for further research are also discussed.
ALK-mediated post-transcriptional regulation focus on RNA-binding proteins (2015)

Extensive research has been carried out in the past two decades to provide insights into the molecular mechanisms by which the Nucleophosmin-Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase (NPM-ALK) exerts its oncogenic effects. These studies led to the concept that NPM-ALK acts at the transcriptional level through the activation of several transcription factors downstream of many different signaling pathways including JAK3/STAT3, PI3K/AKT and RAS/ERK. Nevertheless, the discovery of several RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) within ALK interactome suggested an additional and complementary role of this oncogenic kinase at the post-transcriptional level. This review gives emerging views in ALK-mediated post-transcriptional regulation with a focus on RBPs that are associated with ALK. We will summarize the capacity of NPM-ALK in modulating the biological properties of RBPs and then discuss the role of cytoplasmic aggregates, called AGs for "ALK granules", which are observed in anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL) expressing the ALK kinase. AGs contain polyadenylated mRNAs and numerous RBPs but are distinct from processing bodies (PBs) and stress granules (SGs), two well-known discrete cytoplasmic sites involved in mRNA fate.
A Trial of Hyperimmune Globulin to Prevent Congenital Cytomegalovirus Infection (2021)

Among pregnant women, administration of CMV hyperimmune globulin starting before 24 weeks' gestation did not result in a lower incidence of a composite of congenital CMV infection or perinatal death than placebo. (Funded by the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development and the National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences; ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT01376778.).
Self-calibrating Online Wearout Detection (2007)

Technology scaling, characterized by decreasing feature size, thinning gate oxide, and non-ideal voltage scaling, will become a major hindrance to microprocessor reliability in future technology generations. Physical analysis of device failure mechanisms has shown that most wearout mechanisms projected to plague future technology generations are progressive, meaning that the circuit-level effects of wearout develop and intensify with age over the lifetime of the chip. This work leverages the progression of wearout over time in order to present a low-cost hardware structure that identifies increasing propagation delay, which is symptomatic of many forms of wearout, to accurately forecast the failure of microarchitectural structures. To motivate the use of this predictive technique, an HSPICE analysis of the effects of one particular failure mechanism, gate oxide breakdown, on gates from a standard cell library characterized for a 90 nm process is presented. This gate-level analysis is then used to demonstrate the aggregate change in output delay of high-level structures within a synthesized Verilog model of an embedded microprocessor core. Leveraging this analysis, a self- calibrating hardware structure for conducting statistical analysis of output delay is presented and its efficacy in predicting the failure of a variety of structures within the microprocessor core is evaluated.
In-Situ Infrared Study of CO2 Adsorption on SBA-15 Grafted with γ-(Aminopropyl)triethoxysilane (2003)

CO2 adsorption/desorption on SBA-15 grafted with γ-(aminopropyl)triethoxysilane (APTS) has been studied by infrared spectroscopy coupled with temperature-programmed desorption. SBA-15, a mesoporous silica material with a uniform pore size of 21 nm and a surface area of 200−230 m2/g, provides an OH functional group for grafting of γ-(aminopropyl)triethoxysilane. The amine-grafted SBA-15 adsorbed CO2 as carbonates and bicarbonates with a total capacity of 200−400 μmol/g. The heat of CO2 desorption was determined to be 3.2−4.5 kJ/mol in the presence of H2O and 6.6−11.0 kJ/mol in the absence of H2O during temperature-programmed desorption. Repeated CO2 adsorption/desorption CO2 cycles shifted the desorption peak temperature downward and decreased the heat of CO2 adsorption.