gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Growth Through Fiscal Policy (1966)

The following exerpts are from a lecture delivered by Walter W. Heller at the Pick-Congress Hotel, Chicago, Illinois, on October 18, 1965. This lecture was the first of a series of lectures given by Roosevelt University through a grant of the Edward A. Filene Fund, under the general title "The Monetary and Fiscal Revolution." Because of the extreme timeliness of Dr. Heller's remarks, the Editor felt that these remarks, even in this rough form, consti tute a significant contribution to our understanding of current economic problems.
A video pattern generator for vision test (2003)

A hardware and software system for the generation of video patterns that can be used for various vision tests, particularly depth perception, is presented. Among the capabilities of the system is generation of static and dynamic random dot stereograms that can be used to test depth perception. The system generates the patterns in real time, which provides the ability of moving the objects in the stereogram. The system is based on the TMS34010 graphics processor, operating at 40 MHz. The processor is interfaced to 512 Kb of video random access memory (VRAM), 256 Kb of dynamic random access memory (DRAM), and 16 Kb of erasable programmable read only memory (EPROM). The system also has an RS-232C serial communication part for communicating with a host computer and a red, green, and blue (RGB) video output for connection to an RGB color video monitor which displays the various video patterns. The software developed produces the various patterns and test experiments. A monitor program was also written to aid in developing any new software needed to produce new patterns or test experiments.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Inhibition by Adenine Derivatives of the Cyanide-Insensitive Electron Transport Pathway of Plant Mitochondria (1982)

The effect of benzylaminopurine was studied on cyanide-resistant mitochondria isolated from aged slices of potato tuber (Solanum tuberosum L. var. Bintje). Benzylaminopurine specifically acted on the cyanide-resistant alternative pathway. In the case of succinate oxidation, it mimicked the action of salicylhydroxamic acid and restored a good oxidative phosphorylation. Kinetic analyses showed that inhibitions by benzylaminopurine, salicylhydroxamic acid, and disulfiram occurred at mutually exclusive sites on the alternative pathway. Cyanide-resistant malate oxidation was only partially inhibited by benzylaminopurine and this inhibition occurred for low concentrations of this compound. On the other hand, the oxidation of exogenous NADH remained unaffected.The effects of several adenine derivatives with or without cytokinin activity and that of a purine analog with anticytokinin activity were also studied. The variation in effectiveness to inhibit cyanide-resistant electron transport was: benzylaminopurine and 7-pentylamino-3-methylpyrazolo (4,3 d) pyrimidine (anticytokinin) > alpha-alpha' dimethyl-allyl-adenine > 6-benzoylamino-9-benzylpurine > kinetin > adenine. No correlation was observed between the ability to inhibit the alternative pathway and the biological activity of these compounds. Liposolubility appeared as a major factor for potential inhibitory effect on the alternative pathway.
UMTS W-CDMA: evaluation of radio performance by means of link level simulations (2000)

This article presents link level simulation results for the FDD component of UMTS, based on the W-CDMA access technique. Simulation results are given for different service classes: 8 kb/s voice, 144 kb/s circuit-switched data (LDD), and 480 kb/s packet-switched data (UDD). The performance is given in terms of the bit error rate and block erasure rate. Results are provided as a function of the E/sub b//N/sub 0/ ratio and the mobile speed in four different propagation channels defined by the ETSI and ITU-R.
Gene Electrotransfer Results in a High-Level Transduction of Rat Skeletal Muscle and Corrects Anemia of Renal Failure (2000)

We have investigated the efficacy of a gene transfer strategy based on plasmid DNA electroinjection for the correction of anemia associated with renal failure. An expression plasmid encoding the rat erythropoietin (EPO) cDNA under the control of the CMV promoter as constructed and utilized for this work. Electroinjection of pCMV/rEPO in different rat muscles yielded sustained and long-term EPO production and secretion. The muscle-produced EPO corrected the anemia in five of six nephrectomized rats, used as a model of renal failure. The efficiency of muscle transduction was comparable in rats and mice injected with equivalent amounts of DNA per kilogram of body weight. These results demonstrate that gene electrotransfer can be applied to produce therapeutically significant levels of erythropoietin in chronic renal failure.
Metallization of Silicon Particles for Improved Li-Ion Battery Anodes (2014)

Silicon is a material that has gained particular interest for the application as anode active material in lithium ion batteries, thanks to its unique reversible lithium insertion capability, which can lead to very high values of specific capacity. However, the main drawback that prevented the spreading of this material in industrial application is its structural instability upon lithium insertion cycling, and different solution have been proposed to address this issue 1 , 2 . The very high volume variation that occurs to silicon during cycling leads to difficulty to establish a continuative electrical contact between Si particles and the rest of the electrode. The approach developed in this work is to apply a nanostructured metallic coating to the Si particles, helping to overcome the continuous stresses during cycling and maintaining electrical contact. In this work, two different metallization techniques have been tested. The presence and composition of the coating on the surface of the particles is confirmed by SEM/EDX and XRD analysis. Anodes containing at least 20%wt Si have been manufactured to perform the electrochemical characterization and to assess the cycling behavior. Coated particles show enhanced structural stability upon cycling, leading to improved cycling efficiency and cycle life. Specific capacity values around 1000 mAh/g are achieved with a 40% increase with respect to pristine Si. References: 1. C. K. Chan et al., Nature nanotechnology , 3 , 31–35 (2008). 2. B. A. Boukamp, Journal of The Electrochemical Society , 128 , 725 (1981).
Modular Portable Energy Storage Inverter Power Supply Research (2022)

In this paper, a control strategy combining quasi-PR control and harmonic compensation is applied to an energy storage inverter system to achieve closed-loop control and waveform optimization of the inverter. An experimental storage inverter system for both purely resistive load and nonlinear load conditions is built to verify the correctness of the theoretical analysis and control strategy.
Physics and the Human Genome Project (1997)

When you look at yourself in the mirror, you see a complex organism that is based on a vast array of proteins. Proteins form the structure of the body, defend us against invaders, metabolize food, control the actions of other proteins and help in reproduction.
Pathophysiological Impact of Cigarette Smoke Exposure on the Cerebrovascular System with a Focus on the Blood-brain Barrier: Expanding the Awareness of Smoking Toxicity in an Underappreciated Area (2010)

Recent evidence has indicated that active and passive cigarette smoking are associated, in a dose-dependent manner, with dysfunction of normal endothelial physiology. Tobacco smoke (TS) may predispose individuals to atherogenic and thrombotic problems, significantly increasing the risk for ischemic manifestations such as acute coronary syndrome and stroke. Despite the strong evidence for an association between smoking and vascular impairment, the impact of TS exposure on the blood-brain barrier (BBB) has only been marginally addressed. This is a major problem given that the BBB is crucial in the maintenance of brain homeostasis. Recent data have also shown that chronic smokers have a higher incidence of small vessel ischemic disease (SVID), a pathological condition characterized by leaky brain microvessels and loss of BBB integrity. In the brain TS increases the risk of silent cerebral infarction (SCI) and stroke owing to the pro-coagulant and atherogenic effects of smoking. In this article we provide a detailed review and analysis of current knowledge of the pathophysiology of tobacco smoke toxicity at the cerebrovascular levels. We also discuss the potential toxicity of recently marketed "potential-reduced exposure products".
UV Monitoring for Public Health (2018)

Overexposure to solar ultraviolet (UV) radiation is a risk for public health. Therefore, it is important to provide information to the public about the level of solar UV. The UV-Index (UVI) is the relevant quantity, expressing the erythemally weighted irradiance to a horizontal plane on a simple scale. As solar UV irradiance is strongly variable in time and space, measurements within a network provide the best source of information, provided they can be made available rapidly. However, to ensure the information is reliable, strict quality assurance/quality control (QA/QC) procedures for the monitoring networks are necessary. Near real time presentation of the measured UVI on web-pages is the best way to inform the public. The interpretation of the data in terms of the individual 'allowable' exposure time is heavily impacted by skin type, behavior, and clothing, and must be learned for each person through experience and guidance. Nonetheless, reliable knowledge of the actual level of the intensity of erythemally weighted irradiance and its variability forms the basis of education and public awareness. The challenges and requirements in providing comprehensive UVI data for public health guidance are here considered.
Correction to: Discovery and preclinical characterization of the antagonist anti-PD-L1 monoclonal antibody LY3300054 (2018)

Unfortunately, after publication of this article [1], it was noticed that corrections to the legends of Figs. 1 and 2 were not correctly incorporated. The correct legends can be seen below.
Interpretation of incised valleys using new 3-D seismic techniques: A case history using spectral decomposition and coherency (1998)

New 3-D seismic interpretation techniques such as spectral decomposition and coherency have been shown to enhance interpretation of stratigraphic features in Tertiary, poorly lithified rocks, but their use has not been as well documented on older, more consolidated sediments. Coherency images seismic discontinuities by calculating localized seismic trace similarity. Spectral decomposition uses the discrete Fourier transform to image time thickness variability. In the latter, the amplitude spectrum, computed from a short time window covering the geologic zone of interest, is tuned by the rock properties within the analysis window. When applied to 3-D seismic and presented in map form, these spectral responses image lateral variability within the zone of interest.
Review of scientific contributions by the Belgian medical centers concerned with human in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer (IVF) (1992)

In vitro fertilization and embryo transfer (IVF) may be considered as a particular application of modern medical therapeutics linked to human reproduction. The treatment of human sterility therefore involves some fundamental human values such as life, love and death. The quality of this highly technological treatment with fast knowledge of outcome at the end of the patient's menstrual cycle has been evaluated since the early 80s. It is a typically multidisciplinary team effort involving medical doctors, biologists, laboratory technicians, nurses and clerks that is representative of modern medical practice. IVF covers much more than just embryology, as this review will explain. IVF developed in close relation with clinical and experimental research protocols, which are the major topics of this paper. The newness of the techniques used led to the necessary interactions between clinicians and biologists working on animal experimental embryology.
Non‐transition metal‐catalyzed living radical polymerization of vinyl chloride initiated with iodoform in water at 25 °C (2004)

Abstract Non‐transition metal‐catalyzed living radical polymerization (LRP) of vinyl chloride (VC) in water at 25–35 °C is reported. This polymerization is initiated with iodoform and catalyzed by Na 2 S 2 O 4 . In water, S 2 O dissociates into SO that mediates the initiation and reactivation steps via a single electron transfer (SET) mechanism. The exchange between dormant and active propagating species also includes the degenerative chain transfer to dormant species (DT). In addition, the SO 2 released from SO during the SET process can add reversibly to poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) radicals and provide additional transient dormant ∼SO radicals. This novel LRP proceeds mostly by a combination of competitive SET and DT mechanisms and, therefore, it is called SET‐DTLRP. Telechelic PVC with a number‐average molecular weight ( M n ) = 2,000–55,000, containing two active ∼CH 2 CHClI chain ends and a higher syndiotacticity than the commercial PVC were obtained by SET‐DTLRP. This PVC is free of structural defects and exhibits a higher thermal stability than commercial PVC. SET‐DTLRP of VC is carried out under reaction conditions related to those used for its commercial free‐radical polymerization. Consequently, SET‐DTLRP is of technological interest both as an alternative commercial method for the production of PVC with superior properties as well as for the synthesis of new PVC‐based architectures. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 42: 6267–6282, 2004
Natural killer cell activity and cytokine production as prognostic factors in adult acute leukemia. (1996)

We studied the natural killer (NK) cell activity and in vitro production of the cytokines which can enhance NK activity (interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta), interferon gamma (IFN gamma), and interleukin-2 (IL-2)) after stimulation in 44 patients with acute leukemia (AL) and 14 normal controls. We also studied the influence of these parameters on relapse and the relapse-free survival (RFS) (after the date of assay) of the AL patients. The NK activity and the production of cytokines in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMNC) from 16 patients at the untreated or relapsed stage as well as from 12 patients after consolidation were significantly lower than those from controls (both P<0.01), and those from the 16 patients at maintenance or off treatment were also significantly lower than those from the controls (P<0.01 or P<0.05). RFS after the date of assay of the patients in remission with NK activity above the median value was significantly longer than that of the patients below the median (P<0.05). The production of cytokines in the PBMNC from patients who showed continuous complete remission for at least 6 months was higher than that from the patients who relapsed early. These findings suggest that impaired NK cell function and cytokine production are associated with early relapse of AL regardless of remission status.
Diametric calix[6]arene-based phosphine gold(I) cavitands (2022)

We report the synthesis and characterization, in low polarity solvents, of a novel class of diametric phosphine gold(I) cavitands characterized by a <i>1,2,3-alternate</i> geometry. Preliminary catalytic studies were performed on a model cycloisomerization of 1,6-enynes as a function of the relative orientation of the bonded gold(I) nuclei with respect to the macrocyclic cavity.
Physiology and metabolic fluxes of wild-type and riboflavin-producing Bacillus subtilis (1996)

Continuous cultivation in a glucose-limited chemostat was used to determine the growth parameters of wild-type Bacillus subtilis and of a recombinant, riboflavin-producing strain. Maintenance coefficients of 0.45 and 0.66 mmol of glucose g-1 h-1 were determined for the wild-type and recombinant strains, respectively. However, the maximum molar growth yield of 82 to 85 g (cell dry weight)/mol of glucose was found to be almost identical in both strains. A nonlinear relationship between the specific riboflavin production rate and the dilution rate was observed, revealing a coupling of product formation and growth under strict substrate-limited conditions. Most prominently, riboflavin formation completely ceased at specific growth rates below 0.15 h-1. For molecular characterization of B. subtilis, the total amino acid composition of the wild type was experimentally determined and the complete building block requirements for biomass formation were derived. In particular, the murein sacculus was found to constitute approximately 9% of B. subtilis biomass, three- to fivefold more than in Escherichia coli. Estimation of intracellular metabolic fluxes by a refined mass balance approach revealed a substantial, growth rate-dependent flux through the oxidative branch of the pentose phosphate pathway. Furthermore, this flux is indicated to be increased in the strain engineered for riboflavin formation. Glucose catabolism at low growth rates with reduced biomass yields was supported mainly by the tricarboxylic acid cycle.
Impact of Vitamin C to Mature Facial Skin (2016)

Abstract Facial skin is one of the basic choices reflections of human quality life and lifestyle. In processes of human aging start skin changes: wrinkles are forming, there are seen changes of skin composition, firmness and moisture content, decreasing absorption of vitamins. Skin of all age groups face with variety of skin problems, causing negative impact on face beauty and brightness, what causes dissatisfaction of own appearance and variety of aesthetic problems. Another important problem occurring in mature age are pigment spots, what rises because of locally intensified melanogenesis, which depends on various factors - genetic, ultraviolet radiation, hormonal disorders, inflammation of skin, disorders of nervous regulatory mechanisms, deficiency of vitamin C. Therefore, skin problems require complex work of beauty therapists and clients dealing with facial skin problems. Cosmetics enriched with vitamin C can be used to solve facial skin problems, skin recovery, purification, pigmentation bleaching. Aim of article – to determine impact of cosmetics enriched with vitamin C for mature facial skin. In cosmetology vitamin C helps to eliminate variety problems that are occurring in mature age and cause negative aesthetic appearance and psychological problems. This leads to the need to make investigations in this area, what could let to evaluate care of face skin with cosmetics enriched with vitamin C, solving facial skin problems. Investigations were carried out using cosmetics with biologically active substances. Monitored and recorded changes of facial skin before cosmetic procedures and after each of their performance. The study carried out case and comparative analysis. Results of investigation led to form main conclusions: cosmetic procedures with cosmetics enriched with vitamin C, are effective solving problems of mature skin. More effective these procedures are together with observed healthier lifestyle. Vitamin C ensure better resistance of skin, it’s elasticity, moisture, firmness, colour uniformity, strengthens capillaries, reduces face skin irritations, brightens pigment spots.
Tritium as an indicator of recharge and dispersion in a groundwater system in central Ontario (1989)

The detailed distribution of tritium ( 3 H) in the recharge area of a shallow unconfined sand aquifer near Sturgeon Falls, Ontario, is described. At this forested, shallow water table site, bomb tritium has penetrated uniformly to a depth of 8–12 m indicating recharge of 15 cm/year, which is 16% of precipitation. The zone of bomb tritium contains 3 H concentrations of from 16 to 269 tritium unit (TU), whereas much lower values (&lt;1 TU) are observed in groundwaters recharged only a few years prior to 1953, the year when significant fallout of bomb tritium began. Tritium distribution is accurately simulated, using one‐ and two‐dimensional models, when the Ottawa record is used for the post‐1953 tritium input function, when dispersion is low and when a prebomb tritium input value of 3 TU is used. This prebomb value is slightly lower than that suggested by Kaufman and Libby (1954), based on precipitation and surface water samples from the early 1950s. The simulations indicate and field data corroborate, that in 1986, 3 H levels of more than 100 TU occur only in groundwaters recharged between 1957 and 1971, while levels in excess of 200 TU occur only in groundwaters recharged during 1961–1967. The 1960s tritium peak is observed within a narrow distinct depth zone at all locations along the flow section investigated.
A Machine Learning Based System for Semi-Automatically Redacting Documents (2011)

Redacting text documents has traditionally been a mostly manual activity, making it expensive and prone to disclosure risks. This paper describes a semi-automated system to en- sure a specified level of privacy in text data sets. Recent work has attempted to quantify the likelihood of privacy breaches for text data. We build on these notions to provide a means of obstructing such breaches by framing it as a multi-class classification problem. Our system gives users fine-grained control over the level of privacy needed to obstruct sensi- tive concepts present in that data. Additionally, our system is designed to respect a user-defined utility metric on the data (such as disclosure of a particular concept), which our methods try to maximize while anonymizing. We describe our redaction framework, algorithms, as well as a prototype tool built in to Microsoft Word that allows enterprise users to redact documents before sharing them internally and obscure client specific information. In addition we show experimen- tal evaluation using publicly available data sets that show the effectiveness of our approach against both automated attack- ers and human subjects.The results show that we are able to preserve the utility of a text corpus while reducing disclosure risk of the sensitive concept.
Submicrometer self-aligned dual-gate GaAs FET (1975)

Experimental results show that it is possible to fabricate dual-gate GaAs FET's, with L <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">g1</inf> = 0.6 µm and L <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">g2</inf> = 1.3 µm, using conventional photoprocessing equipment, masks, and alignment tolerances. The initial source mesa establishes both the source and drain edges during the ohmic contact metal deposition. These two edges establish the lengths and positions of the two gates in the channel, during the two subsequent evaporations. Initial experimental devices gave reasonably good small-signal microwave performance: 8-dB packaged net gain with less than 6-dB simultaneous noise figure, at 6 GHz.