gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Zonal flow generation in inertial confinement fusion implosions (2017)

A supervised machine learning algorithm trained on a multi-petabyte dataset of inertial confinement fusion simulations has identified a class of implosions that robustly achieve high yield, even in the presence of drive variations and hydrodynamic perturbations. These implosions are purposefully driven with a time-varying asymmetry, such that coherent flow generation during hotspot stagnation forces the capsule to self-organize into an ovoid, a shape that appears to be more resilient to shell perturbations than spherical designs. This new class of implosions, whose configurations are reminiscent of zonal flows in magnetic fusion devices, may offer a path to robust inertial fusion.
Coumarin derivatives with tumor-specific cytotoxicity and multidrug resistance reversal activity. (2005)

A preliminary exploration of coumarin derivatives as novel multidrug resistance (MDR) modulators was carried out to determine the basic features of the structure responsible for the MDR reversal activity. Among 44 coumarins, 14 compounds moderately induced the reversal of MDR (fluorescence activity ratio (FAR) values > 1). The most active compound, 6-hydroxy-3-(2-hydroxyethyl)-4-methyl- 7-methoxycoumarin [C34], was equally potent as a MDR modulator verapamil. These data show a relationship between the chemical structure and MDR-reversal effect on tumor cells. All coumarins tested were more cytotoxic against tumor cells than normal cells. Several compounds displayed potent cytotoxic activities (CC50 15 - 29 microg/mL in HSC cells), comparable with that of gallic acid (CC50 = 24 microg/mL). Both 6-hydroxy- 7-methoxy-4-methyl-3-isopropylcoumarin [C43] and 3-ethyl-6-hydroxy- 7-methoxy-4-methylcoumarin [C44] showed the highest tumor-specific cytotoxicity (SI value = 4.1 and 3.6, respectively). We conclude that coumarins are potentially potent new MDR modulators with low toxicity against normal cells. A deeper understanding of the relationship between their structures and their potency will contribute to the design of optimal agents.
ChemInform Abstract: Functionalization of Steroid Skeleton via Transition Metal Complex Catalyzed Homogeneous Reactions (2011)

Abstract Review: 90 refs.
Abstract 3014: Hyaluronan-mediated motility receptor maintains stemness and tumorigenic potential of glioblastoma stem cells (2014)

Abstract Glioblastoma (GBM) stem cells (GSCs) are a subpopulation of tumor cells that display stem-like characteristics (stemness) and play unique roles in tumor propagation, therapeutic resistance and tumor recurrence. It is becoming increasingly important to identify novel therapeutic targets in GSC for anti-GBM therapies. Here, we demonstrate that hyaluronan-mediated motility receptor (HMMR) is hyper-expressed in GBM tumors and supports the self-renewal and tumorigenic potential of GSCs. HMMR silencing impairs GSC self-renewal and inhibits the expression of GSC markers and regulators. HMMR silencing suppresses GSC-derived tumor growth and extends the survival of mice bearing GSC xenografts. HMMR overexpression promotes GSC self-renewal and intracranial tumor propagation. In human GBM tumor specimens, HMMR expression is positively correlated with the expression of cell-stemness-associated markers and regulators. Our findings identify HMMR as a potential therapeutic target for inhibiting GSCs, suggesting therapeutic applications against GBM. Citation Format: Jessica Tilghman, John Laterra, Mingyao Ying. Hyaluronan-mediated motility receptor maintains stemness and tumorigenic potential of glioblastoma stem cells. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 3014. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-3014
Gender and Smoking-Related Risk of Lung Cancer (1998)

Our aim was to compare risk of lung cancer associated with smoking by gender and histologic type. A total of 30,874 subjects, 44% women, from three prospective population-based studies with initial examinations between 1964 and 1992 were followed until 1994 through the National Cancer Registry. There were 867 cases of lung cancer, 203 among women and 664 among men. Rates among female and male never-smokers were similar, although confidence intervals around rates were wide. Rate ratios (RRs) increased with number of pack-years for both men and women to a maximum of approximately 20 in inhaling smokers with more than 60 pack-years of tobacco exposure. RRs did not differ much between men and women: adjusted for pack-years, age, and study population, the ratio between female and male smokers' RRs of developing lung cancer was 0.8 (95% confidence interval = 0.3–2.1). All histologic types were associated with smoking, with the largest RR seen for squamous cell carcinoma and anaplastic carcinoma. This prospective population-based study does not confirm previous reports from case-control studies of a higher relative risk in women than in men for lung cancer associated with smoking.
Using an AR Drone Lab in a Secondary Education Classroom to Promote Quantitative Research (2016)

teaching courses on instructional methods for students with disabilities, and behavior theory and interventions. Currently Ms. Brown provides on-site consultation in New York City Public Schools to help teachers implement strategies to capitalize on strengths and address social and academic difficulties of students on the autism spectrum. Ms. Brown works with administration to embed the philosophies and practices of the ASD Nest program school-wide. Additionally, Ms. Brown develops and delivers
Pinched-beam ion-diode scaling on the Aurora pulser (1982)

A pinched-beam ion diode has been operated on the Aurora pulser in positive polarity at impedances ranging from 10 to 35 Ω. Ion generation efficiencies of 20% were observed with ion energies ranging from 2.5 to 5 MeV. The ion current scaled inversely with the anode-cathode gap, and a peak value of 65 kA was measured for the smallest gap. A plasma erosion switch was used to decrease prepulse voltage and gap closure in the diode.
Glesatinib Exhibits Antitumor Activity in Lung Cancer Models and Patients Harboring MET Exon 14 Mutations and Overcomes Mutation-mediated Resistance to Type I MET Inhibitors in Nonclinical Models (2017)

<b>Purpose:</b><i>MET</i> exon 14 deletion (<i>MET</i>ex14 del) mutations represent a novel class of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) driver mutations. We evaluated glesatinib, a spectrum-selective MET inhibitor exhibiting a type II binding mode, in <i>MET</i>ex14 del-positive nonclinical models and NSCLC patients and assessed its ability to overcome resistance to type I MET inhibitors.<b>Experimental Design:</b> As most MET inhibitors in clinical development bind the active site with a type I binding mode, we investigated mechanisms of acquired resistance to each MET inhibitor class utilizing <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i> models and in glesatinib clinical trials.<b>Results:</b> Glesatinib inhibited MET signaling, demonstrated marked regression of <i>MET</i>ex14 del-driven patient-derived xenografts, and demonstrated a durable RECIST partial response in a <i>MET</i>ex14 del mutation-positive patient enrolled on a glesatinib clinical trial. Prolonged treatment of nonclinical models with selected MET inhibitors resulted in differences in resistance kinetics and mutations within the <i>MET</i> activation loop (i.e., D1228N, Y1230C/H) that conferred resistance to type I MET inhibitors, but remained sensitive to glesatinib. <i>In vivo</i> models exhibiting <i>MET</i>ex14 del/A-loop double mutations and resistance to type I inhibitors exhibited a marked response to glesatinib. Finally, a <i>MET</i>ex14 del mutation-positive NSCLC patient who responded to crizotinib but later relapsed, demonstrated a mixed response to glesatinib including reduction in size of a <i>MET</i> Y1230H mutation-positive liver metastasis and concurrent loss of detection of this mutation in plasma DNA.<b>Conclusions:</b> Together, these data demonstrate that glesatinib exhibits a distinct mechanism of target inhibition and can overcome resistance to type I MET inhibitors. <i>Clin Cancer Res; 23(21); 6661-72. ©2017 AACR</i>.
Increasing proliferation of murine adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells by TNF-α plus IFN-γ (2015)

The objective of the current study was to assess the effects of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interferon-γ (IFN-γ) along with their simultaneous application on proliferation and pluripotency genes of murine adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (AT-MSCs). The proliferation, doubling time (DT), colony-forming unit-fibroblast (CFU-F), pluripotency genes expression, and proliferation-related immunomodulatory markers of MSCs were analyzed upon activation with TNF-α (10 ng/ml), IFN-γ (10 ng/ml) and both TNF-α and IFN-γ (5 ng/ml + 5 ng/ml). Pluripotency genes including Oct-4, Sox-2, and Nanog as well as proliferation-associated immunomodulatory cytokines such as insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) expression were evaluated using real-time PCR. Surface expression of Qa2 (HLA-G) was analyzed by flow cytometry. Pretreatment of MSCs with TNF-α plus IFN-γ led to significantly increased proliferation, DT and CFU-F as well as expression of pluripotency genes in AT-MSCs (p < 0.01). MSCs expressed more IGF-1, TGF-β, and Qa2 upon activation with TNF-α plus IFN-γ and IFN-γ. MSCs expressed significantly decreased amounts of TGF-β and Qa2 in presence of TNF-α. TNF-α combined with IFN-γ may be improved the proliferation of AT-MSCs. Conversely, expanded MSCs pointed out low levels of the immunomodulatory marker, s especially Qa2 in the presence of TNF-α. In conclusion, we showed that TNF-α together with IFN-γ increased the proliferation of MSCs and slightly enhanced the expression of pluripotency genes.
Yersinia (2005)

Abstract The Yersinia have generated much attention both recently and historically. Part of the reason for this is the fact that an infection by one of the pathogenic yersiniae can result in sequelae ranging from self‐limiting gastroenteritis to bubonic plague. Media attention, focused on bioterrorism, has also been significant. Scientific research has focused on the plasmid encoded virulence determinants and in particular on using the yersiniae as model organisms for the genetic dissection of type III secretion systems. However, it is clear that the genomes themselves also hold clues that can help us understand how these pathogens have evolved and are able to cause such a diversity of disease.
Molecular Mechanisms of Ischemic Damage of Spinal Cord (1987)

Incomplete ischemia of the spinal cord of rabbits was produced by a 40-min occlusion of the abdominal aorta followed by 1 and 4 days of recirculation. Regional evaluation of ATP-induced bioluminescence after 20 min of ischemia revealed ATP depletion mainly in the gray matter of the spinal cord. After 40 min of ischemia, ATP-induced bioluminescence was too faint to expose the photographic film. Within 1 and 4 days of recovery following 40 min of ischemia, restitution of ATP was regionally heterogeneous, reduced predominantly in the anterior horns of gray matter. Polysome profiles remained unaltered during the ischemic period, but a marked disaggregation of polyribosomes occurred after 10 min of recirculation. Protein synthesis in a cell-free system was inhibited by the addition of a postischemic cytosol or protein fraction isolated from cytosols on a DEAE column. The inhibition can be overcome by the addition of each initiation factor 2 (eIF-2), GTP and GDP exchange factor (GEF). Occlusion of abdominal aorta for 40 min results in decrease in monoamine oxidase accumulation in both proximal and distal ligature placed on sciatic nerve. Within 4 days of recovery the transport was progressively depressed to 22 and 21% in the proximal and distal direction, respectively.
Microstructure and mechanical property of aluminium based die-cast alloy (ALDC6) for spider arm component (2020)

Abstract In this paper aims on the development of aluminum alloy (ALDC6) using high pressure die casting (HPDC) for spider arm component in washer. Presently, ALDC3 alloy is commonly used for the fabrication of spider arm but it has poor corrosion resistance. ALDC6 alloy which has good corrosion resistance can be used as an alternative material for spider arm. However due to high Si (Silicon) content of 10wt% in ALDC3 alloy it has good castability compared to ALDC6 alloy with 1wt% of Si. Hence there is a need to modify the ALDC6 alloys by increasing the percentage of silicon and magnesium elements so as to improve the castability, strength and corrosion resistance. The optical microstructure of the developed ALDC6 alloy was investigated and its phases were detected by XRD analysis. It was found out that presence of Mg 2 Si in ALDC6 alloys is higher than that of the ALDC3 alloy. The microstructure and mechanical properties of ALDC6 alloys were evaluated and compared with existed ALDC3 alloys. The tensile strength and yield strength of the developed ALDC6 alloys has improved but elongation decreased. This implies that the spheroidal primary alpha grains and decrease in grain size due to the presence of Si and Mg within the alloy enhance the strength and yield stress.
Luminescent Lanthanide Reporters for High-Sensitivity Novel Bioassays (2013)

Biological imaging and assay technologies rely on fluorescent organic dyes as reporters for a number of interesting targets and processes. However, limitations of organic dyes such as small Stokes shifts, spectral overlap of emission signals with native biological fluorescence background, and photobleaching have all inhibited the development of highly sensitive assays. To overcome the limitations of organic dyes for bioassays, we propose to develop lanthanide-based luminescent dyes and demonstrate them for molecular reporting applications. This relatively new family of dyes was selected for their attractive spectral and chemical properties. Luminescence is imparted by the lanthanide atom and allows for relatively simple chemical structures that can be tailored to the application. The photophysical properties offer unique features such as narrow and non-overlapping emission bands, long luminescent lifetimes, and long wavelength emission, which enable significant sensitivity improvements over organic dyes through spectral and temporal gating of the luminescent signal.Growth in this field has been hindered due to the necessary advanced synthetic chemistry techniques and access to experts in biological assay development. Our strategy for the development of a new lanthanide-based fluorescent reporter system is based on chelation of the lanthanide metal center using absorbing chromophores. Our first strategy involves "Click" chemistry to develop 3-fold symmetric chelators and the other involves use of a new class of tetrapyrrole ligands called corroles. This two-pronged approach is geared towards the optimization of chromophores to enhance light output.
A model for assessing the efficacy of colour vision aids (2022)

Optical filter aids are marketed which claim to improve colour discrimination in red-green colour vision defectives. An earlier model has been revised and used to assess 9 currently available aids. Spectral reflectances (400-700 nm) for 80 colours equally spaced in hue angle at four equally spaced saturations were synthesised from chromatically adjacent Munsell colours. Aid induced chromaticity changes for Protanomals and Deuteranomals were calculated. Five aids enhanced red-green discrimination significantly for Protanomals and six for Deuteranomals and one aid reduced it significantly for both defectives. Five aids enhanced blue-yellow discrimination in Protanomals and Deuteranomals for whom it is not needed.
Low Parasite Load Estimated by qPCR in a Cohort of Children Living in Urban Area Endemic for Visceral Leishmaniasis in Brazil (2012)

The peripheral blood of asymptomatic children had a low and fluctuating quantity of Leishmania DNA and a significant decrease in parasitemia at 1-year follow-up. Quantitative PCR enables adequate monitoring of Leishmania infection.
Knee joint motion: Description and measurement (1998)

Knee joint motion has been described in various ways in the literature. These are explained and commented on. Two methods for describing knee joint motion with 6 degrees of freedom (DOF)--Euler angle and the helical axis of motion--are discussed. Techniques to measure joint motion which can either approximate the motion to less than 6 DOF or fully measure the spatial motion are identified. These include electrical linkage methods, radiographic and video techniques, fluoroscopic techniques and electromagnetic devices. In those cases where the full spatial motion is measured, the data are available to describe the motion in simpler terms (or with less DOF) than three rotations with three translations. This is necessary for clinical application and to facilitate communication between the clinician and the engineer.
Intelligent OCR processing (1992)

Optical Character Recognition (OCR) has become a highly demanded information transfer technology in recent years. A problem of current OCR technology is that texts produced by the state-of-the-art OCR software contain an unacceptable frequency of errors. This prevents the OCR technology from being efficiently used for vast-volume information transfer or daily office operation applications. To correct these errors in a conventional way requires a significant amount of costly human-machine interaction. In this article, we identify and classify the types and distributions of optical recognition errors. We proposed a novel post-processing strategy, based on machine learing techniques, to correct errors resulted from unrecognized process
Structural analysis of the GH43 enzyme Xsa43E fromButyrivibrio proteoclasticus (2014)

The rumen of dairy cattle can be thought of as a large, stable fermentation vat and as such it houses a large and diverse community of microorganisms. The bacterium Butyrivibrio proteoclasticus is a representative of a significant component of this microbial community. It is a xylan-degrading organism whose genome encodes a large number of open reading frames annotated as fibre-degrading enzymes. This suite of enzymes is essential for the organism to utilize the plant material within the rumen as a fuel source, facilitating its survival in this competitive environment. Xsa43E, a GH43 enzyme from B. proteoclasticus, has been structurally and functionally characterized. Here, the structure of selenomethionine-derived Xsa43E determined to 1.3 Å resolution using single-wavelength anomalous diffraction is reported. Xsa43E possesses the characteristic five-bladed β-propeller domain seen in all GH43 enzymes. GH43 enzymes can have a range of functions, and the functional characterization of Xsa43E shows it to be an arabinofuranosidase capable of cleaving arabinose side chains from short segments of xylan. Full functional and structural characterization of xylan-degrading enzymes will aid in creating an enzyme cocktail that can be used to completely degrade plant material into simple sugars. These molecules have a range of applications as starting materials for many industrial processes, including renewable alternatives to fossil fuels.
On the Radiation-induced Hyperchromicity of DNA (1973)

Attention is drawn to discrepancies in G-values obtained during experiments on the radioinduced hyperchrondicity of DNA, with particular reference to the importance of defining conditions under which DNA is considered native. Calf-thymus DNA diluted into salt concentrations from 10/sup -3/ to 10/ sup -1/M. The samples were then heated slowly to 95 deg C. It is pointed out that since the melting point of UNA depended on salt concentration, it is possible to choose for a base-line for measurement of hyperchromicity, any combination of salt concentration and temperature at which irradiation is still native. Since the amount of melting of DNA increases with both dose and temperature, it was possible to obtain G-values for loss of hyperchromicity from ~ 10 to 30 depending on conditions chosen. A tabulated comparison is presented for G-values calculated by various authors. (UK)
Nanoscale structures in III–V semiconductors using sidewall masking and high ion density dry etching (1995)

A simple deposition and etch-back technique to form narrow (∼300 Å) masks for subsequent pattern transfer into semiconductors is reported. High ion density (∼5×1011 cm−3) electron cyclotron resonance CH4/H2/Ar (for In-containing materials) or BCl3/Ar (for Ga-containing materials) discharges are used to give anisotropic low-damage etching. After initial resist patterning using conventional stepper lithography, conformal plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition or reactive sputtering of a metal (W, WSix) or a low temperature dielectric (SiNx, SiO2) is followed by an anisotropic etchback to leave a thin sidewall on the resist feature. The resist is then removed by dry etching, leaving a sidewall which can be used as a mask for pattern transfer into the semiconductor. Examples of novel quantum-wire laser structures fabricated in GaN and InP–InGaAsP systems are given. The nanolaser structures can be integrated with microdisk lasers using combined dry etching and selective wet chemical etching. Low ion energies (&amp;lt;100 eV) are required to avoid sputtering of the mask material and changes in the near-surface stoichiometry of the semiconductor.
The reactivity and fate of a phenoxyacetic herbicide: 4-chloro-2-methylphenoxyacetic acid (MCPA) in the environment (1995)

MCPA has been purified by crystallization and its purity for phenol and chlorocresol, present as contaminants of the commercial material, was checked by HPLC. The purified MCPA was used in the chemical reactivity with two catalytic systems manganese(III)tetraphenylporphyrinate-iodosylbenzene and bis[salycilideneethylenediiminocobalt(II)]-dioxygen. The reaction products were studied
Flow Regimes and Mixing of Dissimilar Fluids in T‐Jets Mixers (2021)

Abstract Efficient mixing conditions for similar fluids in T‐Jets mixers are well‐established. This paper extends the characterization of the mixing of dissimilar fluids. Planar laser‐induced fluorescence images were captured using fluids with a viscosity ratio between 1.2 and 3. Flow visualizations showed that the best mixing conditions are achieved when the jets are well‐balanced, and the onset of a chaotic flow regime is determined by the Reynolds number of the more viscous fluid ( Re Hjet &gt; 100). Computational fluid dynamics simulations were also performed to get deeper insight into the flow field and mixing dynamics, enabling the prediction of the impingement point position. An analytical model based on jets' kinetic energy rate balance is proposed as a design tool to predict the impingement point position.
Recombinant mussel adhesive protein fp-5 (MAP fp-5) as a bulk bioadhesive and surface coating material (2011)

Mussel adhesive proteins (MAPs) attach to all types of inorganic and organic surfaces, even in wet environments. MAP of type 5 (fp-5), in particular, has been considered as a key adhesive material. However, the low availability of fp-5 has hampered its biochemical characterization and practical applications. Here, soluble recombinant fp-5 is mass-produced in Escherichia coli. Tyrosinase-modified recombinant fp-5 showed ∼1.11 MPa adhesive shear strength, which is the first report of a bulk-scale adhesive force measurement for purified recombinant of natural MAP type. Surface coatings were also performed through simple dip-coating of various objects. In addition, complex coacervate using recombinant fp-5 and hyaluronic acid was prepared as an efficient adhesive formulation, which greatly improved the bulk adhesive strength. Collectively, it is expected that this work will enhance basic understanding of mussel adhesion and that recombinant fp-5 can be successfully used as a realistic bulk-scale bioadhesive and an efficient surface coating material.