gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Optical Interference Coatings for Inhibiting of Counterfeiting (1973)

Counterfeiting of valuable papers and identification documents made of paper or plastics, such as banknotes, credit cards, passports, etc., is presently inhibited through the use of inks of many colours, intricate engraved designs on special papers which sometimes contain watermarks or embedded coloured paper platelets or metal threads. These methods have not always offered adequate protection. It is proposed to use optical multilayer coatings to validate such documents. One property of such coatings is that their spectral characteristics vary with the angle of incidence of the light. For most applications this variation is a decided disadvantage and efforts are often made to minimize it. But by this property optical multilayers differ essentially from all known types of dyes, inks, pigments and paints used in printing, photography and colour-copying machines. This angular variation can be made use of to enable the man in the street to distinguish at a glance an authentic document bearing such a coating from even the best counterfeit lacking it. With the same coating it is possible also to provide ever more discriminating tests of the authenticity of the document for the shop or bank, and for the crime laboratory where more sophisticated equipment can be used. The calculated and actual performance of a number of coatings designed for this purpose are described. These include some that permit positive identification not dependent on colour vision.
Bis(malonamide-κ2O,O′)bis(nitrato-κO)copper(II) (2006)

The title complex, [Cu(NO3)2(C3H6N2O2)2], exists in the crystal structure as a monomer and possesses a crystallographically imposed center of symmetry. The Cu atom is coordinated by six O atoms [Cu—O = 1.9339 (10)–2.3964 (11) Å] from two chelating malonamide ligands and two terminal NO3 groups in a distorted octa­hedral geometry. The crystal packing is stabilized by inter­molecular N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds.
Fumaric Acid Production: A Biorefinery Perspective (2018)

The increasing scarcity of fossil raw materials, together with the need to develop new processes and technology based on renewable sources, and the need to dispose of an increasing amount of biomass-derived waste, have boosted the concept of biorefineries. Both 1G and 2G biorefineries are focused on the obtention of biofuels, chemicals, materials, food and feed from biomass, a renewable resource. Fumaric acid, and most compounds involved in the Kreb cycle, are considered key platform chemicals, not only for being acidulants and additives in the food industry, but also for their prospective use as monomers. This review is focused on the biotechnological processes based on fungi, mainly of the Rhizopus genus, whose main product is fumaric acid, on the process conditions, the bioreactors and modes of operation and on the purification of the acid once it is produced.
Supplementary Table 3 from Analysis of the Genomic Landscape in ALK+ NSCLC Patients Identifies Novel Aberrations Associated with Clinical Outcomes (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Summary of the number of events by patient.&lt;/p&gt;
Stationary Phase 5. Evaluation of Stationary Phases for HPLC of Explosives (1987)

Abstract The retentions of 11 explosives on two commercially RP‐18 and Si 100 stationary phases and one prepared 3‐[9′‐(10′‐methylanthryl)]‐ propylsilane stationary phase (MAPS‐phase) were examined by modified mobile phases. The evaluation of these three stationary phases results as follows: Most explosives were effectively separated on a column of MAPS‐phase not only with methanol/water (75/25‐85/15) as mobile phase but also with n‐hexane/dichloromethane (75/25) as mobile phase. Few explosives were effectively separated on a column of RP‐18 with methanol/water (75/25‐85/15) as mobile phase. The separation of most explosives on Si 100 was achieved only under normal phase condition such as n‐hexane/dichloromethane (75/25) as mobile phase.
Range of Motion and Stiffness of the Pediatric Ankle and Implications for Current ATDs (2013)

Pediatric anthropomorphic test devices (ATDs) do not contain instrumentation below the knee, making it difficult to directly measure forces applied to the leg during impact. The goal of this study was to evaluate the anthropometric characteristics and stiffness response of the pediatric ankle in order to gain valuable data for the development of a more biofidelic ATD ankle. Forty-two children between the ages of 4-12 years old were placed into 2 groups (n=21, 4-7 years and 8-12 years). Anthropometry measurements were taken bilaterally on the lower extremity. Ankle range-of-motion (ROM) measurements were taken using a universal goniometer. Lastly, active stiffness of the ankle was measured using a Biodex Isokinetic Dynamometer. Increased plantar flexion (PF) and dorsiflexion (DF) motion in the younger group was seen. Significant differences were noted between groups both in active and passive DF and in stiffness at 30°/sec and 60°/sec. Stiffness data were then used to develop specific stiffness targets for use with the development of an instrumented 6 and 10 year old ATD leg. The information gained from this study will allow researchers to gain insight into the injury mechanism and forces experienced by the leg, with the overall goal of decreasing injury risk to children.
Perspectives of Enzymes for Processing Cellulose for New Chemical Fibers (1998)

Progress for the manufacture of cellulose fibres, without use of toxic carbon disulfide as in a viscose method, requires applications of the new alternative methods. Biotechnological processing of cellulose pulp using selected types of enzymes, especially cellulases, allows to produce a new cellulosic material which is directly soluble in the aqueous alkali or selected organic solvents as well as a high reactive toward specific chemicals. Biotransformation of cellulose pulps using a cellulase complex originating from Aspergillus niger strain seems to be a solution for perspective processing cellulose for cellulosic fibers.
Role of nutrient supply on cell growth in bioreactor design for tissue engineering of hematopoietic cells (2005)

In the present study, a dynamic mathematical model for the growth of granulocyte progenitor cells in the hematopoietic process is developed based on the principles of diffusion and chemical reaction. This model simulates granulocyte progenitor cell growth and oxygen consumption in a three-dimensional (3-D) perfusion bioreactor. Material balances on cells are coupled to the nutrient balances in 3-D matrices to determine the effects of transport limitations on cell growth. The method of volume averaging is used to formulate the material balances for the cells and the nutrients in the porous matrix containing the cells. All model parameters are obtained from the literature. The maximum cell volume fraction reached when oxygen is depleted in the cell layer at 15 days and is nearly 0.63, corresponding to a cell density of 2.25 x 10(8) cells/mL. The substrate inhibition kinetics for cell growth lead to complex effects with respect to the roles of oxygen concentration and supply by convection and diffusion on cell growth. Variation in the height of the liquid layer above the cell matrix where nutrient supply is introduced affected the relative and absolute amounts of oxygen supply by hydrodynamic flow and by diffusion across a gas permeable FEP membrane. Mass transfer restrictions of the FEP membrane are considerable, and the supply of oxygen by convection is essential to achieve higher levels of cell growth. A maximum growth rate occurs at a specific flow rate. For flow rates higher than this optimal, the high oxygen concentration led to growth inhibition and for lower flow rates growth limitations occur due to insufficient oxygen supply. Because of the nonlinear effects of the autocatalytic substrate inhibition growth kinetics coupled to the convective transport, the rate of growth at this optimal flow rate is higher than that in a corresponding well-mixed reactor where oxygen concentration is set at the maximum indicated by the inhibitory kinetics.
Morphology development in polychloroprene-polystyrene latex interpenetrating polymer networks (1999)

Latex interpenetrating polymer networks (LIPNs) have been prepared using a crosslinked polychloroprene latex as the seed emulsion, followed by the in situ polymerization of styrene, typically with a 10% divinyl benzene crosslinker. Polychloroprene–crosslinked polystyrene (XPS) ratios ranging from 70/30 to 40/60 were used, with the second monomer being added as a single aliquot rather than by “starvation” routes. The majority of the work has been conducted using the water-soluble persulfate initiator method, which entails lengthy (∼ 6 h) polymerizations. To follow the development of microstructure, polymerizations were also stopped at 0.5, 1, and thence hourly intervals up to 6 h, so that any effect of time on shell and domains could be seen by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Parallel studies using azo-bis(isobutyronitrile) (AIBN) as initiator at the same temperature were conducted. Products were also studied, after staining, by TEM. For the persulfate initiator, domain structures predominated for the 70/30 ratio, but polystyrene-rich shells are found in all cases, with increasing thickness as the chloroprene/styrene ratio was reduced. The styrene-rich products (i.e., 40/60 Neoprene/XPS ratio) appear to have larger unstained domains suggesting phase separation. For the AIBN-initiated styrene polymerization, shells are less evident, and where they exist, are both thinner and less continuously developed. Domain sizes are somewhat larger. This relatively hydrophobic initiator has caused polymerization predominately in the interior of each latex particle. The particle size distribution of the seed neoprene latex is broad and bimodal. As the LIPNs form, the larger diameter component increases and little evidence for fresh nucleation, in the form of small diameter particles, is seen. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 74: 629–638, 1999
Constructing a No-Reference H.264/AVC Bitstream-Based Video Quality Metric Using Genetic Programming-Based Symbolic Regression (2013)

In order to ensure optimal quality of experience toward end users during video streaming, automatic video quality assessment becomes an important field-of-interest to video service providers. Objective video quality metrics try to estimate perceived quality with high accuracy and in an automated manner. In traditional approaches, these metrics model the complex properties of the human visual system. More recently, however, it has been shown that machine learning approaches can also yield competitive results. In this paper, we present a novel no-reference bitstream-based objective video quality metric that is constructed by genetic programming-based symbolic regression. A key benefit of this approach is that it calculates reliable white-box models that allow us to determine the importance of the parameters. Additionally, these models can provide human insight into the underlying principles of subjective video quality assessment. Numerical results show that perceived quality can be modeled with high accuracy using only parameters extracted from the received video bitstream.
Goitrogenic Effects Of Mustard Seed (Bassica Junca) Oils (2014)

The goitrogenic effects of commercial mustard seed aws studied when the oil was fed to rabbits.A toatl of 9 rabbits divided into 3 groups of 3 rabbits each was used in the study.Those in group A were given 5ml of the mustard oil per kg body weight 3 times daily,those in group B were given 10ml per kg body weight 3 times daily while those in group C were not given the oil at all and served as control.The mustard seed oil was fed in a total of 4 days.The mean values of the protein-bound iodine of groupA rabbit were 0.25ug/dl+/-0.13(an increase of 45%),0.58ug/dl+/-0.24(an increase of 61.10%) and 1.00ug/dl +/-0.33(an increase of 72.24%) from day 1 to day 4 respectively.In group B animals,the protein-bound iodine levels were 0.23ug/dl+/-0.32(an increase of 74.55%),1.78ug/dl+/-0.32(an increase of 85%) and 3.51 ug/dl +/-0.47(an increase of 95%) from day 1 to day 4 respectively.The levels seen in group A and B showed dose-dependence.In both groups,significant daily increase in protein bound-iodine were observed and ranged from 45-72.24% in group A in 4 days and 74.55-95% in group B for the same period.Group C animals had fairly constant protein-bound iodine levels within the study period because they did not receive the mustard seed oil at all. Selective phytochemical anlysis revealed the presence of many known goitrogens-flavonoids,phenolic compounds,tannins,alkaloids but not anthraquinones.This could explain the elevation of protein-bound iodine levels in these animals within a few days.
Novel Carboxypeptidase A6 (CPA6) Mutations Identified in Patients with Juvenile Myoclonic and Generalized Epilepsy (2015)

Carboxypeptidase A6 (CPA6) is a peptidase that removes C-terminal hydrophobic amino acids from peptides and proteins. The CPA6 gene is expressed in the brains of humans and animals, with high levels of expression during development. It is translated with a prodomain (as proCPA6), which is removed before secretion. The active form of CPA6 binds tightly to the extracellular matrix (ECM) where it is thought to function in the processing of peptides and proteins. Mutations in the CPA6 gene have been identified in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy and febrile seizures. In the present study, we screened for CPA6 mutations in patients with juvenile myoclonic epilepsy and identified two novel missense mutations: Arg36His and Asn271Ser. Patients harboring these mutations also presented with generalized epilepsy. Neither of the novel mutations was found in a control population. Asn271 is highly conserved in CPA6 and other related metallocarboxypeptidases. Arg36 is present in the prodomain and is not highly conserved. To assess structural consequences of the amino acid substitutions, both mutants were modeled within the predicted structure of the enzyme. To examine the effects of these mutations on enzyme expression and activity, we expressed the mutated enzymes in human embryonic kidney 293T cells. These analyses revealed that Asn271Ser abolished enzymatic activity, while Arg36His led to a ~50% reduction in CPA6 levels in the ECM. Pulse-chase using radio-labeled amino acids was performed to follow secretion. Newly-synthesized CPA6 appeared in the ECM with peak levels between 2-8 hours. There was no major difference in time course between wild-type and mutant forms, although the amount of radiolabeled CPA6 in the ECM was lower for the mutants. Our experiments demonstrate that these mutations in CPA6 are deleterious and provide further evidence for the involvement of CPA6 mutations in the predisposition for several types of epilepsy.
Method of making an underwater electroacoustic transducer with long-lasting high leakage resistance (1989)

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NetMorph - an intuitive mobile object system (2003)

NetMorph is a mobile object system that provides a seamless integration of network and desktop. We introduce the notion of network location to desktop objects. By combining desktop 2D coordinates with network locations, NetMorph provides free intuitive cyber spaces. It helps computer beginners to acquire skills of network computing in a very natural way.
The disintegrin-metalloproteinases ADAM9, ADAM12, and ADAM15 are upregulated in gastric cancer (2005)

The ADAMs (A disintegrin and metalloproteinase) are a family of cell-surface membrane glycoproteins, whose multidomain structure enables diverse roles in a wide range of cellular processes. Accumulating evidence associates an increased expression of individual ADAM family members with various types of cancer, and we investigated the possible involvement of ADAM9, 12 and 15 in the pathogenesis of gastric cancer (GC). Using immunohistochemistry and quantitative RT-PCR, we examined the transcription and expression pattern of ADAM9, 12, and 15 in GCs and the corresponding non-tumor tissue, and in GC cell lines (AGS, MKN45, MKN28, NCI-N87, KATOIII). All three ADAMs were found to be significantly upregulated in GC compared to non-neoplastic foveolar epithelium, with ADAM12 expression being higher in intestinal- than in diffuse-type tumors. In vitro proliferation assays were used to evaluate the effects of ADAM-specific antibodies on the growth of GC cell lines. The administration of anti-ADAM9 and anti-ADAM15 antibodies inhibited cell growth, whereas anti-ADAM12 enhanced the proliferation of the GC cell lines. ADAM9, 12 and 15 are implicated in the malignant growth of GC cells, perhaps via the interaction with adhesion molecules, or the proteolytic 'shedding' of signaling molecules and the consequent transactivation of their receptors, such as the epithelial growth factor receptor and its ligands. The resultant modulation of the tumor-host interface may contribute to the pathogenesis, development or progression of gastric cancer.
S/X/Ka-band φ 34m beam-waveguide-fed antenna for telemetry, tracking and control of scientific satellite (2002)

The authors have developed a new S/X/Ka-band /spl phi/ 34m shaped Cassegrain antenna fed by beam waveguides at Kagoshima Space Center (KSC). This antenna is mainly employed for the telemetry, tracking and command of scientific satellites. It is also used for ranging and tracking of astronomical satellites. In this paper, the authors present the design of the super-broadband antenna covering the S, X, and Ka-bands, and measured the performance by using both radio star and boresight facility.
Compression Molding of Polyethylene Foams under a Temperature Gradient: Morphology and Flexural Modulus (2009)

For any type of polymer foam, it is well known that careful control of the processing temperature has an important effect on final morphology. In this work, density graded polyethylene foams were produced by imposing a temperature gradient while foaming the sample. This was done by controlling independently the top and bottom plates of a compression mold at different temperatures. By doing so, different density profiles across the part's thickness are produced. In this work, the resulting morphologies are presented with their respective flexural moduli.
Brassica campestris L.: Floral Induction by One Long Day (1966)

A strain of Brassica campestris L. responds to a single photoinductive cycle 4 days after sowing. Extending the photoperiod from 8 to 22 or 24 hours, with incandescent light of 538-lux intensity, induced inflorescence in 90 percent of the plants. Inflorescence development was visible on dissection 5 or 6 days after photoinduction. Floral induction increased with duration and intensity of the supplementary light.
Relationships Between Miscibility Grouping and Smectic Mesophase Structure (1983)

Abstract Classification of smectic liquid crystal mesophases has been based on the concept of comiscibility between like phases. Based on thermodynamic principles this categorization scheme is not related directly to the structures of the phases. The elucidation of the structures of the various smectic modifications has shown that each miscibility group possesses a set of structural parameters common to all examples of that group. Also present are structural factors which form subsets of the miscibility group. These two sets of structural characteristics are defined for each miscibility group.
A double‐blind comparison of citalopram (Lu 10–171) and amitriptyline in depressed patients (1987)

In a controlled, clinical, multicentre trial comprising a total of 43 patients (17 men and 26 women) citalopram was compared double-blindly with amitriptyline. Nineteen patients of each group were classified as endogeneously depressed, whereas four patients of the citalopram group and one of the amitriptyline group were classified as non-endogenously depressed. The patients were seriously ill with a high frequency of previous depressive episodes and of mental disorders among their closest relatives. Thirteen of the patients in either group had received antidepressants without satisfactory effect before entry into the trial. Each patient was treated for a period of at least 3 weeks with daily citalopram doses of 30-60 mg or daily amitriptyline doses of 75-225 mg. A statistically significant reduction of MADRS scores (total scores as well as each of the 10 individual items) was recorded in both groups. The only difference between the groups was a trend towards a better effect on sleep disturbances in the amitriptyline group. Side-effects were recorded more frequently in the amitriptyline group than in the citalopram group, global assessment of side effects being significantly different in favour of citalopram. It is concluded that citalopram is an effective and safe drug in the treatment of endogenous depression - probably as efficacious as amitriptyline, but with fewer side effects.
Stockage massif d'électricité sous forme thermique (2011)

Les travaux présentés dans cette thèse concernent un nouveau procédé de stockage d'électricité à échelle industrielle, sous forme de stockage de chaleur sensible. La chaleur est stockée dans deux échangeurs gaz-solide de grande taille appelés régénérateurs qui sont reliés à une paire de turbomachines (compresseur et turbine) formant ainsi un cycle thermodynamique. Selon le sens d'écoulement du fluide caloporteur, ce cycle est de type « pompe à chaleur » en stockage ou « moteur thermique » en déstockage. La modélisation complète du procédé a permis de caractériser son comportement dans un cas industriel, et de mettre en évidence les tendances principales du système. Les performances prévues se rapprochent de celles des installations existantes les plus adaptées au stockage massif d'électricité, telles que le stockage hydraulique gravitaire. Une étude CFD a permis l'optimisation d'une géométrie de canal à obstacles destinée à intensifier l'échange thermique dans les régénérateurs et qui sera testée expérimentalement à la suite de cette thèse. Les préparatifs de cette expérience sont abordés et ses objectifs sont explicités.
One-Year Readmission Following Undifferentiated Acute Hypercapnic Respiratory Failure (2021)

Patients with acute hypercapnic respiratory failure (AHRF) often require hospitalization and respiratory support. Early identification of patients at risk of readmission would be helpful. We evaluated 1-y readmission and mortality rates of patients admitted for undifferentiated AHRF and identified the impact of initial severity on clinically important outcomes. We retrospectively analyzed patients who presented with AHRF to the emergency department of St Michael's Hospital in 2017. We collected data about patients' characteristics, hospital admission, readmission and mortality one year after the index admission. We analyzed predictors of readmission and mortality and conducted a survival analysis comparing patients who did and did not receive ventilatory support. A cohort of 212 patients with AHRF who survived their hospital admission were analyzed. At one year, 150 patients (70.8%) were readmitted and 19 (9%) had died. Main diagnoses included chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (60%), congestive heart failure (36%), asthma (22%) and obesity (19%), and these categories of patients had similar 1 y readmission rates. One third had more than one coexisting chronic illness. Although comorbidities were more frequent in readmitted patients, only a history of previous hospital admissions remained associated with 1 y readmission and mortality in multivariate analysis. Need for ventilatory support at admission was not associated with higher 1 y probability of readmission or death. Undifferentiated AHRF is the presentation of multiple chronic illnesses. Patients who survive one episode of AHRF and with previous history of admission have the highest risk of readmission and death regardless of whether they receive ventilatory support during index admission.