gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Advanced resist testing using the SEMATECH Berkeley extreme ultraviolet microfield exposure tool (2007)

Recent upgrades made to the SEMATECH Berkeley microfield exposure tool are summarized and some of the latest resist characterization results are presented. Tool illumination uniformity covering the full 200×600μm2 wafer-side field of view is demonstrated and intrawafer focus control of 1.8nm is shown. Printing results demonstrate chemically amplified resist resolution of 28nm dense and 22.7nm semi-isolated. Moreover, contact printing results show that shot noise is not a dominant issue in current 35nm contact printing performance.
Yule-Walker Equations Applied to Hessians of the Characteristic Function for Improved AR Estimation (2007)

Estimation of the autoregressive (AR) parameters of an AR process often involves applying Yule-Walker (YW) equations to the estimated correlations. When the process is Gaussian, the resulting estimate is asymptotically optimal, coinciding with the maximum-likelihood (ML) estimate. However, for non-Gaussian processes, applying the YW equations to the estimated correlations may be significantly sub-optimal, whereas computation of the exact ML estimate may be prohibitively cumbersome. In this paper we show how the YW equations may be applied to an alternative statistic, namely to off-origin Hessians of the second characteristic function. Although still not optimal, we show in simulation that the resulting estimate can significantly outperform the classical correlation-based estimate, as well as a cumulants-based estimate.
On mismatch in the deep sub-micron era-from physics to circuits (2004)

The rapid decrease in feature sizes has increasingly accentuated the importance of matching between transistors. Deep submicron designs will further emphasize the need to focus on the effects of mismatch. Furthermore, increased efforts on high level analog device modeling will necessitate accompanying mismatch simulation and measurement methods. The deep submicron era forces circuit designers to learn more about the physics and the technology of transistors. We introduce a method and assist circuit designers in including this method in their traditional design flow of circuits. By proposing a solution to the problem of building a modeling bridge between transistor mismatch and circuit response to it, we hope to enable designers to incorporate low level mismatch information in their higher level design.
ChemInform Abstract: KATALYTISCHE DEHYDRIERUNG VON OESTR‐4‐EN‐3‐ONEN (1971)

Abstract Mit Pd‐Cerhält man aus dem Östrenon (I) die Disproportionierungsprodukte (II) und (III), aus (IV) und (VI) entstehen die Dehydroverbindungen (V) bzw. (VII).
Primary Study Sites (2000)

Apalachee Bay (see Figure 2.2d) remains in relatively natural condition due to the almost complete lack of development and human population in the primary drainage areas. A broad, shallow shelf and the absence of major rivers characterize this bay. The dominant habitat feature of Apalachee Bay is an extensive series of seagrass beds that extends to Florida Bay in the south (Iverson and Bittaker, 1986). The one area of significant anthropogenous effects in an otherwise pristine system is the Fenholloway River-estuary where pulp mill discharges have caused adverse effects due to high dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and water color, high biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), low dissolved oxygen (DO), and high nutrient loading (ammonia and orthophosphate) (Livingston, 1980; 1982; 1984b; 1985a,b; 1988; Livingston et al., 1998b). The Econfina River remains one of the most pristine blackwater streams along the coast, and is an ideal reference area for studies in the Fenholloway system. Both the Econfina and Fenholloway drainages have similar dimensions. They share a common origin (San Pedro swamp) and a common meteorological regime. River flow characteristics in the two drainages are comparable in rate and seasonal variation. The reference Econfina system thus has the same origins and basic features of the Fenholloway system with the exception that there is no pulp mill located within the Econfina drainage basin.
Analysis of axially symmetric wire antennas by the use of exact kernel of electric field integral equation (2016)

The paper presents a new method for the analysis of wire antennas with axial symmetry. Truncated cones have been applied to precisely model antenna geometry, while the exact kernel of the electric field integral equation has been used for computation. Accuracy and efficiency of the method has been further increased by the use of higher order basis functions for current expansion, and by selecting integration methods based on singularity cancelation techniques for the calculation of potential and impedance integrals. The method has been applied to the analysis of a typical dipole antenna, thick dipole antenna and a coaxial line. The obtained results verify the high accuracy of the method.
Melt Structure and its Transformation by Sequential Crystallization of the Two Blocks within Poly(L‐lactide)‐block‐Poly(ε‐caprolactone) Double Crystalline Diblock Copolymers (2006)

Abstract Summary: Sequential crystallization of poly( L ‐lactide) (PLLA) followed by poly( ε ‐caprolactone) (PCL) in double crystalline PLLA‐ b ‐PCL diblock copolymers is studied by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), polarized optical microscopy (POM), wide‐angle X‐ray scattering (WAXS) and small‐angle X‐ray scattering (SAXS). Three samples with different compositions are studied. The sample with the shortest PLLA block (32 wt.‐% PLLA) crystallizes from a homogeneous melt, the other two (with 44 and 60% PLLA) from microphase separated structures. The microphase structure of the melt is changed as PLLA crystallizes at 122 °C (a temperature at which the PCL block is molten) forming spherulites regardless of composition, even with 32% PLLA. SAXS indicates that a lamellar structure with a different periodicity than that obtained in the melt forms (for melt segregated samples). Where PCL is the majority block, PCL crystallization at 42 °C following PLLA crystallization leads to rearrangement of the lamellar structure, as observed by SAXS, possibly due to local melting at the interphases between domains. POM results showed that PCL crystallizes within previously formed PLLA spherulites. WAXS data indicate that the PLLA unit cell is modified by crystallization of PCL, at least for the two majority PCL samples. The PCL minority sample did not crystallize at 42 °C (well below the PCL homopolymer crystallization temperature), pointing to the influence of pre‐crystallization of PLLA on PCL crystallization, although it did crystallize at lower temperature. Crystallization kinetics were examined by DSC and WAXS, with good agreement in general. The crystallization rate of PLLA decreased with increase in PCL content in the copolymers. The crystallization rate of PCL decreased with increasing PLLA content. The Avrami exponents were in general depressed for both components in the block copolymers compared to the parent homopolymers. Polarized optical micrographs during isothermal crystallization of (a) homo‐PLLA, (b) homo‐PCL, (c) and (d) block copolymer after 30 min at 122 °C and after 15 min at 42 °C. magnified image Polarized optical micrographs during isothermal crystallization of (a) homo‐PLLA, (b) homo‐PCL, (c) and (d) block copolymer after 30 min at 122 °C and after 15 min at 42 °C.
Ten‐Year Follow‐Up Study of Allergen‐Specific Immunoglobulin E and Immunoglobulin G4, Soluble Interleukin‐2 Receptor, Interleukin‐4, Soluble Intercellular Adhesion Molecule‐1 and Soluble Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule‐1 in Serum of Patients on Immunotherapy for Perennial Allergic Rhinitis (1998)

Recent double-blind placebo-controlled trials for perennial allergic rhinitis have all clearly shown the efficacy of immunotherapy. Although several mechanisms for the clinical efficacy of immunotherapy have been proposed, the exact mechanisms related to the clinical effect still remain unclear. Since immunotherapy is a form of systemic treatment and its clinical benefit is likely to be, at least in part, a consequence of its systemic effects on different phases of immunological events, our study focused exclusively on several immunological parameters in serum. A total of 47 patients with perennial allergic rhinitis due to Dermatophagoides farinae enrolled in this prospective study. Venous blood was collected for determination of specific immunoglobulin (Ig)E, specific IgG4, soluble interleukin-2 receptor (IL-2R), interleukin-4 (IL-4), soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), six times from 20 untreated patients and 27 patients on immunotherapy, at enrolment, and 1, 2, 3, 5, and 10 years after enrollment. No specific IgE, IgG4, soluble IL-2R, IL-4 and soluble ICAM-1 levels changed significantly for a span of 10 years in the untreated patients. By contrast, immunotherapy affected serum levels of specific IgE, specific IgG4, soluble IL-2R, IL-4 and soluble ICAM-1, but not of soluble VCAM-1. The rates of increase in specific IgG4 and the rates of decrease in soluble IL-2R were correlated with the rates of decrease in symptom scores during the first 3 years, but not 5 and 10 years after the course of immunotherapy. On the other hand, the rates of decrease in specific IgE, IL-4 and soluble ICAM-1 were significantly correlated with the rates of decrease in symptom scores at 5 and 10 years, but not during the first 3 years. Each immunological modulation by immunotherapy was likely to be involved in the working mechanism related to clinical efficacy at different phases of immunotherapy.
Metastable magnesium titanate phases synthesized in nanometric systems (1997)

Abstract When heating mixtures of conventional magnesia and titania powders, geikielite (MgO. TiO2) appears first at about 600°C; only above 1200–1300°C is either qandilite (2MgO. TiO2) or karrooite (MgO. 2TiO2) formed, depending on whether MgO or TiO2 is in excess. A different behaviour pattern is observed when starting from nanometre precursors, consisting of hydroxides of magnesium and itanium, which lose water on heating to about 400°C, yielding nanocrystalline oxides. Coprecipitated nanometre precursors yield at 600°C qandilite, geikielite or karrooite, depending on the relative stoichiometries of magnesia and titania in the precursor powder. At higher temperatures, up to 1200°C geikielite is the only titanate formed, and only above 1300°C does qandilite or karrooite reappear, depending on the stoichiometry of the original mixture. Only karrooite is formed when independently prepared nanometre precursors of magnesia and titania are mixed together and heated to temperatures as low as 400°C and up to 600°C, the stoichiometric ratio of the mixture notwithstanding. Estimation of surface area changes taking place when nanometre particles coalesce with each other to form magnesium titanates show that substantial reductions in surface energy take place, even if the products remain of nanometre size. Such reductions depend on the absolute and relative particle sizes of the reacting oxides and the stoichiometry of the final product. The contribution of diffusion processes, surface energy and misfit volume to the formation of the various magnesium titanates from the oxides is discussed. All three magnesium titanates synthesized from nanometre precursors show a stable dielectric constant e over a wide range of frequencies, in contrast with an equivalent commerical powder used in the manufacture of microcondensers. Furthermore, the quality factor Q of magnesium orthotitanate (geikielite) synthesised from nanometre precursors is higher by about one order of magnitude than that of the commercial product.
Imaging of Ra-223 with a small-pixel CdTe detector (2015)

Ra-223 Dichloride (Xofigo (TM)) is a promising new radiopharmaceutical offering survival benefit and palliation of painful bone metastases in patients with hormone-refractory prostate cancer [1]. The response to radionuclide therapy and toxicity are directly linked to the absorbed radiation doses to the tumour and organs at risk respectively. Accurate dosimetry necessitates quantitative imaging of the biodistribution and kinetics of the radiopharmaceutical. Although primarily an alpha-emitter, Ra-223 also has some low-abundance X-ray and gamma emissions, which enable imaging of the biodistribution in the patient. However, the low spectral resolution of conventional gamma camera detectors makes in-vivo imaging of Ra-223 challenging. In this work, we present spectra and image data of anthropomorphic phantoms containing Ra-223 acquired with a small-pixel CdTe detector (HEXITEC) [2] with a pinhole collimator. Comparison is made with similar data acquired using a clinical gamma camera. The results demonstrate the advantages of the solid state detector in terms of scatter rejection and quantitative accuracy of the images. However, optimised collimation is needed in order for the sensitivity to rival current clinical systems. As different dosage levels and administration regimens for this drug are explored in current clinical trials, there is a clear need to develop improved imaging technologies that will enable personalised treatments to be designed for patients.
System Identification of Prefrontal Cortex In the Presence of Cognitive Tasks (2008)

This paper explains the connectivity between regions of prefrontal cortex by using statistical and algebraic methods and shows the differences between healthy and schizophrenic people, which may lead to the explanation for their concentration difficulties.
Motion controlled mobile 3D multiplayer gaming (2008)

Due to limitations in the user interface one of the oft cited most desirable features for mobile games is that they can be played using a single button. However, games using this type of control are extremely difficult to design and thus far it has been primarily utilized for casual games. As a number of mobile phones are starting to appear with accelerometers, mobile game developers have the opportunity to investigate new interaction mechanisms and as this paper we illustrate how accelerometers can greatly simplify the interaction for 3D graphical action games. In particular we present the design and user trials for a novel motion controlled 3D Bluetooth multiplayer space game. The results show that this experience is seen as fun and much more intuitive for gamers and non-gamers alike.
A Prospective Randomized Trial of an Oral Patient-Controlled Analgesia Device Versus Usual Care Following Total Hip Arthroplasty (2020)

Patients using the wireless patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) (oral) device had less pain at rest and with activity (men) while taking lower doses of oxycodone with each dose. Nursing surveys indicated that nursing staff in this orthopedic postoperative unit found the device easy to use, reliable, and efficient. They also recommended its adoption for those capable of using it.
Effect of desflurane/remifentanil anaesthesia on glucose metabolism during surgery: a comparison with desflurane/epidural anaesthesia (2004)

Both desflurane/remifentanil and desflurane/epidural anaesthesia decrease the intraoperative rate of whole body glucose production, thereby attenuating the hyperglycaemic response to colorectal surgery.
Paper Trail: Working Papers and Recent Scholarship (2008)

Editor’s Note: In this edition we review two papers by leading government economists, past, present, and perhaps future. The first paper, by Dennis Carlton and Ken Heyer, takes a cautious policy approach to single-firm conduct based on theory, empirical evidence, and “considerations of administrability and consistency with general and widely held presumptions” and sets out four “underlying principles” that should govern policy toward single-firm conduct. The second paper, on the role of market concentration in modern economic analysis of horizontal mergers, is by Jonathan Baker, in which he explains how market concentration can sensibly be used for merger analysis. Send suggestions for papers to review to: page@law.ufl.edu or jwoodbury@crai.com. —WILLIAM H. PAGE AND JOHN R. WOODBURY
Ultra-soft wires for direct soldering on finger grids of solar cells (2017)

We propose an interconnection concept for solar cells that enables the soldering of solder coated copper wires directly on the contact fingers of the front side metallization without the need of busbars or contact pads. By reshaping the copper wires we realize a wave-shaped stress relief structure. This reduces the yield force, the force value where plastic deformation of the wire starts, up to 90 % compared to straight wires and therefore minimizes mechanical stresses in the joint after the soldering process essentially. Our experimental analysis demonstrates the mechanical long-term stability of the interconnection (Delta P &lt; 2 % after TC 370). The method enables a significant silver reduction by omitting solder pads or busbars on the front side and is especially suitable for the interconnection of exceptionally thin, stress sensitive solar cells or back contact solar cells with a minimized cell bow.
A silver(i) coordinated phenanthroline-based polymer with high ethylene/ethane adsorption selectivity (2014)

We report a non-porous silver(i) coordinated phenanthroline-based polymer, which exhibits a high ideal ethylene/ethane adsorption selectivity (15/1) and high ethylene uptake (5.0 mmol g(-1)) at ambient temperature and pressure. Both silver(i) coordination and polymer structures are important for the high uptake of ethylene.
HF free greener Cl ‐terminated MXene as novel electrocatalyst for overall water splitting in alkaline media (2022)

Hydrogen and oxygen evolution through electrochemical water splitting is essential for effective and inexpensive production of hydrogen and oxygen, which depends on the development of economical, and extremely active electrocatalysts. Two-dimensional (2D) nano-laminated materials are imperious as electrocatalysts due to their phenomenal properties and extensive scope of applications. In this work, we report a greener way of synthesizing MXene without hydrofluoric acid (HF) treatment and demonstrated its excellent electrochemical characteristics as an overall water-splitting catalyst. Cl-terminated MXenes (Ti3C2Cl2) were synthesized via a molten salt approach, in which the MAX phase (Ti3AlC2) was reacted with copper chloride (CuCl2) salt followed by thermal treatment at a temperature of 550°C for 5 hours. The resulting Cl-terminated MXene was characterized by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscope, Raman, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, energy dispersive X-ray analysis, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and electrochemical testing was performed in the alkaline media for oxygen evolution reactions (OER) and hydrogen evolution reactions (HER). For OER in 1 M KOH, Cl-terminated MXene achieves a benchmark of 30 mA cm−2 current density at an overpotential of 330 mV and a Tafel slope of 48 mV dec−1, while HF-MXene exhibits an overpotential of 390 mV and a Tafel slope of 136 mV dec−1. For HER, Cl-MXene attains an overpotential of 259 mV, and a Tafel slope of 92 mV dec−1 to achieve the 10 mA cm−2 current density, on the other hand, HF-MXene achieves an overpotential of 444 mV and a Tafel slope of 311 mV dec−1. Furthermore, the electrocatalyst exhibited excellent long-term stability of 0.7 V at 100 mA cm−2 current density for 36 hours. The synthesis methodology for greener Cl-terminated MXene coupled with an outstanding electrocatalytic activity is set to open new avenues of catalyst design for water splitting.
Plasma cytokine and angiogenic factors (CAFs) predictive of clinical benefit and prognosis in patients (Pts) with advanced or metastatic renal cell cancer (mRCC) treated in phase III trials of pazopanib (PAZO). (2011)

334 Background: PAZO is a multikinase inhibitor approved for the treatment of mRCC. From phase II study of PAZO in mRCC (VEG102616), plasma CAF analysis from 3 different platforms (cross platform correlation r &gt;0.70) revealed several candidate CAFs including HGF, IL-6, IL-8, TIMP-1, VEGF, E-Selectin and OPN were found to be significantly correlated with clinical benefit (Tran ASCO 2010, #4522). To validate these findings, plasma were analyzed for CAFs from mRCC pts enrolled in phase III randomized, placebo controlled trial with PAZO where progression-free survival (PFS) of 9.2 months of PAZO and 4.2 months of placebo (hazard ratio:0.46 p&lt;.0001) and overall response rate 30% was observed (Sternberg, JCO, 2010). Methods: Plasma samples (n=344) from phase III randomized, placebo-controlled trial (VEG105192) were analyzed for candidate CAFs by a CLIA-certified laboratory (Aushon Biosystems, MA). These markers of PAZO and placebo arms were correlated with PFS by Cox regression and plotted in Kaplan Meier by using median concentration of each marker as a cutoff. Results: Higher levels of IL-8 (p&lt;0.006), HGF (p&lt;0.01), OPN (p&lt;0.001) and TIMP-1 (p&lt;0.006) were associated with shorter PFS in PAZO treated pts. Higher levels of all these markers except HGF were also associated with shorter PFS in the placebo arm (IL-8 (p&lt;0.002), OPN (p&lt;0.001), IL-6 (&lt;0.001), TIMP-1 borderline at p= 0.052) and were therefore prognostic. Only IL-6 was predictive of PFS benefit; pts with high IL-6 had a greater relative benefit from PAZO compared to placebo with a HR of 0.32 in the high IL-6 group and 0.57 in the low IL-6 group (p value for interaction 0.009). Conclusions: This study validated HGF, IL-8, OPN, and TIMP-1 as markers associated with clinical benefit with PAZO treatment. IL-8 and OPN were confirmed as prognostic markers in the placebo arm and IL-6 was both a prognostic marker and predictive marker for pazopanib therapy. [Table: see text]
Instruction selection for embedded DSPs with complex instructions (2002)

We address the problem of instruction selection in code generation for embedded digital signal processors. Recent work has shown that this task can be efficiently solved by tree covering with dynamic programming, even in combination with the task of register allocation. However, performing instruction selection by tree covering only does not exploit available instruction level parallelism, for instance in form of multiply-accumulate instructions or parallel data moves. In this paper we investigate how such complex instructions may affect detection of optimal tree covers, and we present a two-phase scheme for instruction selection which exploits available instruction-level parallelism. At the expense of higher compilation time, this technique may significantly increase the code quality compared to previous work, which is demonstrated for a widespread DSP.
Cyclische Carbonsäurephosphide (1974)

Abstract 2‐Organo‐2‐benzophospholen‐1,3‐dione bilden sich aus Phthalsäuredichlorid und Li 2 PC 2 H 5 oder C 6 H 5 PH 2 . Analoge Umsetzungen unter Einsatz anderer bifunktioneller Carbonsäurechloride führen zu uneinheitlichen Produkten. Die aus 3‐Buten‐ und 4‐Pentensäurechloriden und C 6 H 5 PH 2 bzw. C 6 H 11 PH 2 zugänglichen 4‐Butenoyl‐ und 5‐Pentenoyl‐phenyl‐ bzw. ‐cyclohexylphosphine setzen sich unter Einfluß von AIBN im Sinne einer intramolekularen Addition zu 1‐substituierten Phospholan‐2‐onen sowie Phosphorinan‐2‐onen um. Letztere liefern mit LiAlH 4 die entsprechenden Phospholan‐2‐ole bzw. Phosphorinan‐2‐ole und lassen sich in alkalischer Lösung zu Phosphinocarbonsäuren verseifen. Aus 2‐Phenyl‐2‐benzophospholen‐1,3‐dion und Anilin resultieren N‐Phenylphthalimid und C 6 H 5 PH 2 . Die dargestellten P‐Heterocyclen zeigen die übliche Reaktion des dreibindigen Phosphors.
IKEv2-based Home Agent Assignment in Mobile IPv6/NEMO Bootstrapping (2007)

This document specifies how to use IKEv2 for Home Agent assignment in
Mobile IPv6 or NEMO bootstrapping. It uses IPv6 anycast addresses and
should not introduce new security issues.
Soft Matter and Biomaterials on the Nanoscale (2020)

International audience