gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
OC037: Volume calculation of intracranial structures using 3‐D ultrasound in normal and growth restricted fetuses (2008)

To evaluate the feasibility and reproducibility of fetal brain volume segmentation and to estimate differences in the volume of intracranial structures between intrauterine growth restricted (IUGR) and adequate for gestational (AGA) age fetuses. Total intracranial (TIC), frontal (FR), thalamic (THAL) and cerebellar (CER), volumes were measured using 3-D ultrasound and Virtual Organ Computer-aided Analysis, (VOCAL) in 39 IUGR and 39 AGA fetuses matched by gestational age. Volumes of and ratios between intracranial structures were estimated and differences between the groups calculated. All volumes (TIC, CER, FR) except THAL (P = 0.23) were significantly lower (P < 0.001) in IUGR fetuses. After adjusting volumes for biparietal diameter (BPD) only the frontal lobe volume was significantly lower (P = 0.021) in IUGR fetuses as compared to AGA fetuses. Ratios of the different volumes to HC and BPD were significantly lower in IUGR than AGA fetuses with the exception of the thalamic area. No differences in ratios between the structures were observed between the two groups. Interclass correlation coefficients were 0.97, 0.76, 0.66 and 0.47 for THAL TIC, CER and FR, respectively Volume brain segmentation can be performed with a moderate to high reproducibility. IUGR fetuses have reduced volumes of different intracranial structures when compared with AGA fetuses. These differences are maintained only at the frontal lobe when volumes are adjusted by head biometry.
Vortex development on pitching plates with lunate and truncate planforms (2013)

Abstract The three-dimensional flow field and instantaneous forces are measured on pitching rectangular, lunate and truncate planforms of aspect-ratio four. The leading-edge vortex on the rectangular planform is compressed as it grows, and subsequently forms an arch-shaped vortex. For the lunate and truncate planforms, which both have identical spanwise leading-edge curvature but differ in planform area, outboard-directed convection of vorticity, rather than vortex stretching, mitigates arch-vortex formation. The vortical near wake that is formed by the planforms with spanwise leading-edge curvature is found to be strongly correlated with a favourable lift-to-drag ratio during the force-relaxation phase.
Design and Fabrication of Narrow Band Infrared Detector (2012)

Most of infrared detectors used in various electrical equipments have wide spectral response and usually needs front filter to prevent visible light from passing to the detector. This research is intended to study and fabricate an indium doped silicon (n) (In-Si) structure to achieve a photo detector working as narrowband infrared detector. The SCAPS program was used as a simulation tool in order to achieve the optimum structure design. Then the (In-Si) infrared detector was fabricated using vacuum evaporation deposition technique. The fabricated photodiode shows a narrowband spectral response at 940 nm. The results of the simulated and practical samples are comparable which gives a simple and cheap method for obtaining narrowband infrared detector. Keywords: silicon, infrared, photo detector.
Road Map for Development of Crystal-Tolerant High Level Waste Glasses (2014)

This road map guides the research and development for formulation and processing of crystal-tolerant glasses, identifying near- and long-term activities that need to be completed over the period from 2014 to 2019. The primary objective is to maximize waste loading for Hanford waste glasses without jeopardizing melter operation by crystal accumulation in the melter or melter discharge riser. The potential applicability to the Savannah River Site (SRS) Defense Waste Processing Facility (DWPF) is also addressed in this road map.
Visual recovery in a patient with total hyphema, neovascular glaucoma, long-standing retinal detachment and no light perception vision: a case report (2011)

Functional vision can be regained despite long-standing retinal detachment.
No evidence for loss of short-wavelength sensitive cone photoreceptors in normal ageing of the primate retina (2017)

In old world primates including humans, cone photoreceptors are classified according to their maximal sensitivity at either short (S, blue), middle (M, green) or long (L, red) wavelengths. Colour discrimination studies show that the S-cone pathway is selectively affected by age and disease, and psychophysical models implicate their loss. Photoreceptors have high metabolic demand and are susceptible to age or disease-related losses in oxygen and nutrient supply. Hence 30% of rods are lost over life. While comparable losses are not seen in cones, S-cones comprise less than 10% of the cone population, so significant loss would be undetected in total counts. Here we examine young and aged primate retinae stained to distinguish S from M/L-cones. We show there is no age-related cone loss in either cone type and that S-cones are as regularly distributed in old as young primates. We propose that S-cone metabolism is less flexible than in their M/L counterparts, making them more susceptible to deficits in normal cellular function. Hypoxia is a feature of the ageing retina as extracellular debris accumulates between photoreceptors and their blood supply which likely impacts S-cone function. However, that these cells remain in the ageing retina suggests the potential for functional restoration.
Finite element based design optimization of magnetic structures for roadway inductive power transfer systems (2016)

Design optimization of magnetic structures for roadway inductive power transfer (IPT) systems based on 2D finite element analysis (FEA) is proposed. The proposed method can be used to find the optimal structure for IPT systems based on prioritization of different objectives such as efficiency, cost, etc. A Multi-objective genetic algorithm (MOGA) coupled with 2D FEA is used for the co-optimization of primary and secondary magnetic structures. Also, Electromagnetic field (EMF) emissions of the pads are considered to meet human exposure regulations in compliance with standards as defined by International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP). A 1 kW roadway IPT system is investigated as the case study and the results of the optimization are presented using different objective functions.
The effects of the resonant network and control variables on the dc-link capacitor of a wireless charging system (2017)

In this paper, the effects of the resonant network characteristic and control variables on the dc-link capacitor of a wireless charger are investigated for electric vehicles, by deriving an analytical expression for the capacitance in terms of the resonant network parameters and system control variables. With this equation, the minimum dc-link capacitance needed can be obtained to keep the dc-link voltage ripple within a desired limit for a wide load range. A comparison between the conventional series-primary resonant networks in terms of the dc-link capacitance needs is presented as well as simulation results to validate the derived equation.
Relationship Between Membrane Potential Oscillations and Rhythmic Discharges in Identified Hippocampal Theta-Related Cells (2002)

Intracellular recordings of cells, classified according to the criteria of Colom and Bland as phasic theta-on or phasic theta-off cells, were carried out in the dorsal region of the hippocampal formation in urethan-anesthetized rats. Cells were studied during two spontaneously occurring hippocampal field conditions, asynchrony, termed large-amplitude irregular activity, and synchrony, termed theta. During the spontaneous cycling between these two field states, the effect of four levels of intracellular depolarizing and hyperpolarizing constant current injections on the amplitude and phase of membrane potential oscillations (MPOs) and the rate and pattern of cell discharges was assessed. Labeled CA1 pyramidal cells and bistratified cells met the criteria for classification as phasic theta-on cells and labeled CA1 pyramidal layer basket cells, mossy hilar cells, and granule cells met the criteria for classification as phasic theta-off cells. MPOs were recorded in CA1 pyramidal cells, CA1 layer basket cells, mossy interneurons, and granule cells only during theta field activity, their onset in theta-on cells signaled by a depolarizing shift of 5–10 mV and in theta-off cells by a hyperpolarizing shift of 5–10 mV, in membrane potential. The effect of current injections in phasic theta-on and theta-off cells during the theta field condition revealed that MPO amplitude was voltage dependent and frequency was voltage independent. There were no phase changes observed in phasic theta-on cells during current injections; however, amplitude analysis revealed an inverted U-shaped curve asymmetrically distributed around the average value of the membrane potential occurring during the spontaneous theta (no current) control condition. The occurrence and rate of rhythmical cell discharges in CA1 pyramidal phasic theta-on cells during the theta condition was precisely controlled within a critical range of membrane potential values from approximately −57 to −68 mV, corresponding to a range of MPO amplitudes of ∼4–7 mV. Outside the critical range, rhythmic cell discharges were abolished. Membrane potential oscillations in CA1 pyramidal layer basket cells underwent an approximate 180° phase reversal when the membrane potential was depolarized above −65 mV. The occurrence and rate of rhythmic cell discharges in CA1 pyramidal layer basket cell phasic theta-off cells during the theta condition was precisely controlled within a critical range of membrane potential values from approximately −62 to −60 mV, corresponding to a range of MPO amplitudes of ∼7–7.5 mV. Outside the critical range, cell discharges were absent or occurred singly.
ChemInform Abstract: Gerüstumlageruug in der cis‐A/B‐Reihe: Umwandlung von Methyllithocholat in D‐Homoandrostanderivate. (1985)

Abstract Die aus Methyllithocholat erhaltenen Ester (Ia) und (Ib) lagern sich in AgSbF 6 unter Bildung der Diacholenate (II) sowie der Lactone (III) und (IV) um.
Metalworking fluid comprising layered structured particles in a base liquid, method of preparation thereof and its application : Metallbearbetningsvätska innefattande klyvbara nanopartiklar i ett basvätska, metod för framställning därav och dess tillämpning (2012)

Metalworking fluid comprising layered structured particles in a base liquid, method of preparation thereof and its application : Metallbearbetningsvatska innefattande klyvbara nanopartiklar i ett basvatska, metod for framstallning darav och dess tillampning
Complex phenotype of dyskeratosis congenita and mood dysregulation with novel homozygous RTEL1 and TPH1 variants (2018)

Dyskeratosis congenita (DC) is an inherited bone marrow failure syndrome caused by germline mutations in telomere biology genes. Patients have extremely short telomeres for their age and a complex phenotype including oral leukoplakia, abnormal skin pigmentation, and dysplastic nails in addition to bone marrow failure, pulmonary fibrosis, stenosis of the esophagus, lacrimal ducts and urethra, developmental anomalies, and high risk of cancer. We evaluated a patient with features of DC, mood dysregulation, diabetes, and lack of pubertal development. Family history was not available but genome-wide genotyping was consistent with consanguinity. Whole exome sequencing identified 82 variants of interest in 80 genes based on the following criteria: homozygous, <0.1% minor allele frequency in public and in-house databases, nonsynonymous, and predicted deleterious by multiple in silico prediction programs. Six genes were identified likely contributory to the clinical presentation. The cause of DC is likely due to homozygous splice site variants in regulator of telomere elongation helicase 1, a known DC and telomere biology gene. A homozygous, missense variant in tryptophan hydroxylase 1 may be clinically important as this gene encodes the rate limiting step in serotonin biosynthesis, a biologic pathway connected with mood disorders. Four additional genes (SCN4A, LRP4, GDAP1L1, and SPTBN5) had rare, missense homozygous variants that we speculate may contribute to portions of the clinical phenotype. This case illustrates the value of conducting detailed clinical and genomic evaluations on rare patients in order to identify new areas of research into the functional consequences of rare variants and their contribution to human disease.
Alginate-deriving oligosaccharide production by alginase from newly isolatedFlavobacteriumsp. LXA and its potential application in protection against pathogens (2008)

Algino-oligosaccharide was first reported to have elicitor and antibacterial activity and have potential as a biological agent for protection against plant or human disease.
Nonlinear elastodynamics in micro-inhomogeneous solids observed by head-wave based dynamic acoustoelastic testing (2011)

Dynamic acoustoelastic testing provides a more complete insight into the acoustic nonlinearity exhibited by micro-inhomogeneous media like granular and cracked materials. This method consists of measuring time of flight and energy modulations of pulsed ultrasonic waves induced by a low-frequency standing wave. Here pulsed ultrasonic head waves were employed to assess elastic and dissipative nonlinearities in a region near the surface of a solid. Synchronization of the ultrasound pulse sequence with the low-frequency excitation provided instantaneous variations in the elastic modulus and the attenuation as functions of the instantaneous low-frequency strain. Weak quadratic elastic nonlinearity and no dissipative nonlinearity were detected in duralumin. In limestone, distinction between tensile and compressive behaviors revealed an asymmetry in the acoustic nonlinearity and hysteresis in both the elastic modulus and the attenuation variations. Measured nonlinear acoustical parameters are in good agreement with values obtained by different techniques. Reversible acoustically induced conditioning modified the acoustic nonlinearity both quantitatively and qualitatively. It reduced tension-compression asymmetry, suggesting a nonequilibrium modification of the sources of acoustic nonlinearity. Additionally to the metrology of the acoustic nonlinearity, head wave based dynamic acoustoelastic testing may be a useful tool to monitor changes in the microstructure or the accumulation of damage in solids.
Production of Human Acid-Alpha Glucosidase With a Paucimannose Structure by Glycoengineered Arabidopsis Cell Culture (2021)

Plant cell cultures have emerged as a promising platform for the production of biopharmaceutics due to their cost-effectiveness, safety, ability to control the cultivation, and secrete products into culture medium. However, the use of this platform is hindered by the generation of plant-specific <i>N</i>-glycans, the inability to produce essential <i>N</i>-glycans for cellular delivery of biopharmaceutics, and low productivity. In this study, an alternative acid-alpha glucosidase (GAA) for enzyme replacement therapy of Pompe disease was produced in a glycoengineered <i>Arabidopsis alg3</i> cell culture. The <i>N</i>-glycan composition of the GAA consisted of a predominantly paucimannosidic structure, Man<sub>3</sub>GlcNAc<sub>2</sub> (M3), without the plant-specific <i>N</i>-glycans. Supplementing the culture medium with NaCl to a final concentration of 50 mM successfully increased GAA production by 3.8-fold. GAA from an NaCl-supplemented culture showed a similar <i>N</i>-glycan profile, indicating that the NaCl supplementation did not affect <i>N</i>-glycosylation. The results of this study highlight the feasibility of using a glycoengineered plant cell culture to produce recombinant proteins for which M3 or mannose receptor-mediated delivery is desired.
A New Approach to Crystallization of CdSe Nanoparticles into Ordered Three-Dimensional Superlattices (2001)

The growth of colloidal crystals of CdSe via controlled oversaturation is reported by these authors. In individual 3D quantum dot arrays formed in this manner, individual CdSe nanocrystals play the role of building blocks—artificial atoms in the next level of hierarchy (see also cover). Two different types of crystals— irregular and perfectly faceted hexagonal (see Figure)—can be prepared, depending on the speed of nucleation.
Expression of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor is induced in injured rat carotid arteries and mediates vascular smooth muscle cell migration (2004)

Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) is a lineage-restricted hematopoietic growth factor that stimulates proliferation and maturation of hematopoietic progenitors and is a known powerful mobilizer of bone marrow-derived stem cells. Very little has been reported on G-CSF expression and modulation of vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) activation. The purpose of this study was to characterize the expression and effects of G-CSF on primary human VSMC and balloon angioplasty-injured rat carotid arteries. In cultured human VSMC, G-CSF mRNA and protein expression are induced by several cytokines, with the most potent being fetal calf serum and T-lymphocyte-conditioned media. G-CSF is not expressed in naive rat carotid arteries but is induced in neointimal SMC in carotid arteries subject to balloon angioplasty. G-CSF is chemotactic for human VSMC. There is a significant difference between unstimulated cells and those treated with G-CSF at 100 and 1,000 pg/ml (P < 0.01 and 0.05 for 3 experiments). G-CSF also activates the GTPase Rac1, a regulator of cellular migration in VSMC. Inhibition of Rac1 inhibits G-CSF-driven VSMC migration. Important signal transduction protein kinases, including p44/42 MAPK, Akt, and S6 kinase, are also activated in response to G-CSF. This is the first report describing the expression of G-CSF in injured arteries and the multiple effects of G-CSF on VSMC activation. Together, our data suggest that G-CSF is an important mediator of inflammatory cell-VSMC communication and VSMC autocrine activation and may be an important mediator of the VSMC response to injury.
Using differential phase for 3D localization of tracer particles in digital inline holographic microscopy PIV/PTV (DIHM-PIV/PTV) (2021)

Digital inline holographic microscopy PIV/PTV (DIHM-PIV/PTV) has the ability to provide 4-dimensional (4D), i.e. time-resolved, 3-component 3-dimensional (3C-3D) flow measurement with high spatial and temporal resolution, compact optical setup and minimal calibration Sun et al. (2020) compared to most other volumetric techniques such as tomo-PIV, defocusing PIV, etc. Despite all these advantages DIHMPIV/PTV has not yet developed into a standard laboratory tool due to some major limitations such as the extended depth-of-focus (DOF) problem and the virtual image effect which cause artefacts in the standard reconstruction volume limiting the seeding concentration and thus the achievable velocity spatial resolution. In order to mitigate the above-mentioned limitations we present a novel particle localization and extraction methodology which allows the minimization of these artefacts from the standard reconstruction and perform PIV/PTV analysis on the particle volume fields only. The proposed algorithm is based on the differential phase, which is the axial phase shift of the object wave compared to the reference plane wave propagation.
Picogmeter, a Custom-Made Fluorometer for the Quantification of dsDNA by Picogreen ® Fluorescence (2004)

The accurate determination of DNA concentration is essential for many processes in molecular biology and physiology and includes both gel- and cuvette-based methods. The recently introduced fluorescent dye, PicoGreen, has several advantages over other methods because it is sensitive and specific for double-stranded DNA (dsDNA). The dye is excited at 480 nm and emits at 520 nm when bound to dsDNA. This report describes the construction and use of PicoGmeter, a simple, inexpensive, fixed-wavelength fluorometer suitable for measuring PicoGreen fluorescence. PicoGmeter employs a blue light emitting diode (LED) for excitation and a photodiode to measure fluorescence. When compared to a commercially available instrument, PTI DeltaScan, the PicoGmeter performed admirably. Calibration curves for both instruments were superimposeable. Moreover, there was no significant difference between concentrations of DNA estimated by both instruments. A Bland and Altman analysis revealed that the PicoGmeter was equivalent to the PTI DeltaScan for estimating dsDNA concentration by the PicoGreen method. This simple, inexpensive, battery-operated fluorometer will allow investigators to employ the PicoGreen method without incurring the cost of purchasing a spectrofluorometer.
Ferromagnetism in Mn-Doped GaN Nanowires (2005)

Using density functional theory we show that the magnetic coupling of Mn atoms in the nanowires, unlike that in the thin film, is ferromagnetic. This ferromagnetic coupling, brought about due to the confinement of electrons in the radial direction and the curvature of the Mn-doped GaN nanowires' surface, is mediated by N as is evidenced from the overlap between Mn 3d and N 2p states. Calculations of the anisotropic energy further show that the magnetic moment orients preferably along the [1010] direction while the wire axis points along the [0001] direction.
Jigs and Lures: Associating Web Queries with Structured Entities (2011)

We propose methods for estimating the probability that an entity from an entity database is associated with a web search query. Association is modeled using a query entity click graph, blending general query click logs with vertical query click logs. Smoothing techniques are proposed to address the inherent data sparsity in such graphs, including interpolation using a query synonymy model. A large-scale empirical analysis of the smoothing techniques, over a 2-year click graph collected from a commercial search engine, shows significant reductions in modeling error. The association models are then applied to the task of recommending products to web queries, by annotating queries with products from a large catalog and then mining queryproduct associations through web search session analysis. Experimental analysis shows that our smoothing techniques improve coverage while keeping precision stable, and overall, that our top-performing model affects 9% of general web queries with 94 % precision. 1
Genetic and Molecular Determinants of Lymphatic Malformations: Potential Targets for Therapy (2022)

Lymphatic malformations are fluid-filled congenital defects of lymphatic channels occurring in 1 in 6000 to 16,000 patients. There are various types, and they often exist in conjunction with other congenital anomalies and vascular malformations. Great strides have been made in understanding these malformations in recent years. This review summarize known molecular and embryological precursors for lymphangiogenesis. Gene mutations and dysregulations implicated in pathogenesis of lymphatic malformations are discussed. Finally, we touch on current and developing therapies with special attention on targeted biotherapeutics.