gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Bisphosphonate action. Alendronate localization in rat bone and effects on osteoclast ultrastructure. (1991)

Studies of the mode of action of the bisphosphonate alendronate showed that 1 d after the injection of 0.4 mg/kg [3H]alendronate to newborn rats, 72% of the osteoclastic surface, 2% of the bone forming, and 13% of all other surfaces were densely labeled. Silver grains were seen above the osteoclasts and no other cells. 6 d later the label was 600-1,000 microns away from the epiphyseal plate and buried inside the bone, indicating normal growth and matrix deposition on top of alendronate-containing bone. Osteoclasts from adult animals, infused with parathyroid hormone-related peptide (1-34) and treated with 0.4 mg/kg alendronate subcutaneously for 2 d, all lacked ruffled border but not clear zone. In vitro alendronate bound to bone particles with a Kd of approximately 1 mM and a capacity of 100 nmol/mg at pH 7. At pH 3.5 binding was reduced by 50%. Alendronate inhibited bone resorption by isolated chicken or rat osteoclasts when the amount on the bone surface was around 1.3 x 10(-3) fmol/microns 2, which would produce a concentration of 0.1-1 mM in the resorption space if 50% were released. At these concentrations membrane leakiness to calcium was observed. These findings suggest that alendronate binds to resorption surfaces, is locally released during acidification, the rise in concentration stops resorption and membrane ruffling, without destroying the osteoclasts.
Supplementary Figure S7 from Mdm2 and Aurora Kinase A Inhibitors Synergize to Block Melanoma Growth by Driving Apoptosis and Immune Clearance of Tumor Cells (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Figure S7. Results of the flow cytometric analysis of indicated populations of leukocytes in SK-Mel5 tumors grown in BALB/C nu/Foxn1 athymic nude mice.&lt;/p&gt;
Characterizing medullary and human mesenchymal stem cell‐derived adipocytes (2006)

Throughout postnatal years, medullary adipocytes (MAs) increase in both number and size; however, knowledge of these cells pales in comparison to that of other adipocyte depots. It is widely hypothesized that MAs derive from multipotent progenitor cells of the bone marrow, such as human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs). Nevertheless, there is a paucity of comparative, molecular-level studies in support of this hypothesis. In the present article, RTPCR was used to examine similarities and differences in gene expression among MAs, hMSC-derived adipocytes, and subcutaneous adipocytes. While little or no message for lineage-specific markers was detected in undifferentiated hMSCs, the data demonstrate that hMSC-derived adipocytes, MAs, and subcutaneous adipocytes commonly express mRNA encoding for adipogenic transcription factors (PPARgamma2, C/EBPalpha, and SREBP1), adipokines (adipsin, leptin, APM1, and angiotensinogen), and lipid-metabolizing agents (aP2 and LPL), among other genes. None of the cell populations examined expressed a detectable level of the brown fat marker UCP1. This suggests highly similar gene expression between human subcutaneous and MAs, not previously substantiated to this degree. Coupled with the hMSC-derived adipocyte analysis, these data provide a framework ultimately for characterizing MAs and identifying their origin and function.
Echo shape analysis and image size adjustment on the level of echoes: Improvement of parameter‐selective proton images (1986)

Parameter-selective imaging for tissue characterization is performed at low magnetic fields (0.24-0.28 T) employing echo trains with a large number of echoes (less than or equal to 50), high-power pulses, and the projection reconstruction method. Preprocessing of the raw echoes is important for the quality of the echo images which are the bases for further evaluation and generation of parameter-selective images. Two new algorithms are implemented in the image preprocessing routine TOMIKON: Echo shape analysis and image size adjustment. Echo shape analysis allows the detection and the removal of spikes in the echo signals to avoid image artifacts. Image size adjustment is performed by expanding and contracting the time basis of the echoes resulting in a size normalization of the echo images, an indispensable condition for generating diffusion images.
Path Selection Based on Single Direction Delay Difference (2011)

Because of the asymmetry of paths, the single direction delay becomes more important in network measurement and applications design. We proposed a method to select path for packet sending based on Single Direction Delay Difference (S3D). It can get the shortest single direction delay on the send and receive direction path. This method doesn't need clock synchronization or the exact value of single direction delay. We make use of the modified HEARTBEAT mechanism in SCTP to probe delay which won't increase the additional overhead. We also implement our method in Linux. Under the test topology, the performance of our method is compared with SCTP by changing the parameters of single direction delay, packet loss, receive buffer and bandwidth. The results show that the S3D method can bring better throughput when the send and receive direction delay are quite different.
Control architecture for an adaptive electronically steerable flash lidar and associated instruments (2014)

An Electronically Steerable Flash Lidar (ESFL), developed by Ball Aerospace &amp; Technologies Corporation, allows realtime adaptive control of configuration and data-collection strategy based on recent or concurrent observations and changing situations. This paper reviews, at a high level, some of the algorithms and control architecture built into ESFL. Using ESFL as an example, it also discusses the merits and utility such adaptable instruments in Earth-system studies.
Total synthesis of 14β-hydroxy-4,9(11)- androstadiene-3,17-dione (1979)

The title compound 8, a potential intermediate in the total synthesis of cardiac-active principles and other polyfunctional steroids, is prepared in nine steps using methyl vinyl ketone and 2-methylcyclohexane-1,3-dione as starting materials and acetylene and 2-methylcyclopentane-1,3-dione as additional sources of carbon atoms. In a crucial aldol condensation leading to the closure of steroid ring C, an efficient asymmetric induction by one chiral center leads to the establishment of three new chiral centers.
Career development and participation at work: Time for mating? (1988)

Abstract Both career development and participation at work activities have emphasized a “prospecting” approach to inquiry. Although jointly inspired by the humanistic ethic, the two ventures have grown as separate streams of inquiry through their distinct responses to economic, hierarchical, technological, reductionist, and systems imperatives about work. A contrasting “mating” approach to inquiry is proposed, with the various imperatives becoming redefined as shared objects for further study. The proposal is supported by a set of diagnostic questions, and illustrated by a comparison between separate “Knowledge for Pay” and “Pay for Knowledge” human resource management initiatives. The possibility of broader application of the mating principle to other human resource management efforts is briefly considered.
Pharmacokinetic study of human natural beta-interferon in patients with end-stage renal failure. (2001)

A 15-minute intravenous infusion of human natural beta-IFN was safely administered to the hemodialysis patients. This pharmacokinetic study showed that it is not necessary to reduce the dosage in patients with end-stage renal failure.
Characterization of environmentally friendly nicotine degradation by Pseudomonas putida biotype A strain S16 (2007)

Nicotine and some related alkaloids in tobacco and tobacco wastes are harmful to health and the environment, and a major environmental requirement is to remove them from tobacco and tobacco wastes. In this study, an isolated strain, S16, identified as Pseudomonas putida biotype A, was used to investigate nicotine degradation. Possible intermediates were identified based on the results of NMR, Fourier-transform (FT)-IR and UV spectroscopy, GC-MS and high-resolution MS (HR-MS) analysis. The pathway of nicotine degradation in P. putida was proposed to be from nicotine to 2,5-dihydroxypyridine through the intermediates N-methylmyosmine, 2'-hydroxynicotine, pseudooxynicotine, 3-pyridinebutanal,C-oxo, 3-succinoylpyridine and 6-hydroxy-3-succinoylpyridine. N-Methylmyosmine, 2,5-dihydroxypyridine and succinic acid were detected and satisfactorily verified for the first time as intermediates of nicotine degradation. In addition, an alcohol compound, 1-butanone,4-hydroxy-1-(3-pyridinyl), was found to be a novel product of nicotine degradation. These findings provide new insights into the microbial metabolism of nicotine and the environmentally friendly route of nicotine degradation.
PREFACE TO THE SECOND EDITION (2009)

My primary aim in the first edition of this book was to develop the Theory of Gases upon as exact a mathematical basis as possible. This aim has not been forgotten in the preparation of a second edition, but has been combined with an attempt to make as much of the book as possible intelligible to the non-mathematical reader. I have adopted the plan, partially followed in the first edition, of dividing the book to a large extent into mathematical and physical chapters. The reader whose interest is mainly on the physical side will, it is hoped, get an intelligible account of the present state of the subject by reading the physical chapters I, VI, VII and XI to XVIII, and regarding the more mathematical chapters simply as material for reference. Apart from this, something is, I think, gained by clearing the ground by a full mathematical treatment before any physical discussion is attempted.
A Digital Watermark for Stereo Audio Signals Using Variable Interchannel Delay in High Frequency Bands (2008)

The authors propose a watermarking algorithm for stereo audio signals which embeds data using delay values of the high frequency channel signals. Since the stereo image perception of the human auditory system is known to be relatively insensitive to phase in high frequency regions, we replace the high frequency components with one middle channel, and embed data as delay between the channels. Blind detection of embedded data is possible using correlation between high frequency channels at the detector. Embedded data rate was 7 to 30 bps depending on the host audio signal. Embedded data was detected with little or no errors for added noise at 20 dB SNR and above. MP3 and AAC coders were shown not to affect the embedded data as well. The embedded audio quality was shown to be sound dependent, with quality equivalent to MP3 coded audio with some audio, but significantly lower for other sources.
Modeling of Sar Returns from a Red Pine Stand (2005)

Bright P-band radar returns from red pine forests have been observed on synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images in Bangor, Maine. A plot of red pine trees was selected for the characterization and modeling to understand the cause of the high P-band returns. The red pine stand under study consisted of mature trees. Diameter at breast height (DBH) measurements were made to determine stand density as a function of tree diameter. Soil moisture and bulk density measurements were taken along with ground rough surface profiles. Detailed biomass measurements of the needles, shoots, branches, and trunks were also taken. These site statistics have been used in a distorted Born approximation model of the forest. Computations indicate that the direct-reflected or the double-bounce contributions from the ground are responsible for the high observed P-band returns for HH polarization.
The effect of plasma caeruloplasmin levels on the sensitivity for activated protein C (2002)

The effect of caeruloplasmin levels on the sensitivity for activated protein C (APC), measured by a clotting assay based on the activated partial thromboplastin time, was investigated in a large group of healthy individuals without factor V Leiden. A modest inverse association between caeruloplasmin and normalized APC sensitivity ratio was found (regression coefficient beta = -0.33 x 10-2; 95% confidence interval, -0.42 x 10-2 to -0.24 x 10-2). After adjustment for sex and oral contraceptive use, this association weakened (beta = -0.19 x 10-2; 95% CI: -0.34 x 10-2 to -0.05 x 10-2). After additional adjustment for factor VIII levels, which are known to influence the assay, the effect of caeruloplasmin on APC sensitivity completely disappeared.
<title>Capacity fairness of WDM networks with grooming capabilities</title> (2000)

This paper addresses the issue of capacity fairness in WDM networks with traffic grooming capabilities, supporting lower- rate circuit-switched traffic streams. Traffic grooming in WDM networks, is defined as the act of multiplexing, demultiplexing and switching lower rate traffic streams onto higher capacity lightpaths. In such a network, in addition to add/drop and full wavelength switching features, some or all of the network nodes can be provided with the capability to switch lower-rate traffic streams from one wavelength on an input port to another wavelength on an output port. Call requests arrive randomly and can request a lower-rate traffic connection to be established between the node pair. The call requests that ask for capacity nearer to the full wavelength capacity are bound to experience higher blocking than those that ask for a smaller fraction. This difference in loss performance is more pronounced as the traffic switching capability of the network is increased. In this paper, we study the capacity fairness of existing dynamic wavelength assignment algorithms.
The complete genome sequence of Candidatus Liberibacter americanus, a bacterium associated with Citrus Huanglongbing in Brazil (2014)

We used PFGE followed by CsCl bisbenzymide centrifugation to obtain sufficient DNA for pyrosequencing of the Ca. Liberibacter americanus (Lam) strain “São Paulo” genome. The complete circular genomic DNA sequence of Lam is 1,195,201 bp, with an average GC content of 31.12%, somewhat lower than other Liberibacters. There are 1,056 predicted Lam genes, with 1,002 encoding proteins, 9 encoding rRNA genes and 45 encoding tRNAs. The overall gene organization and structure of the Lam genome is more similar to Lso than to Las. There are 951 genes common to Lam, Lso and Las, 27 genes found in Lam and Lso but not Las, and only 8 genes common to Lam and Las but not found in Lso. Many pseudogenes or truncated genes were found among the unique genes of all 3 species. As with Las, two prophage were confirmed in Lam, with SP2 being 39,941 bp and SP1 being 16,398 bp in size; as in Las, the one that appears to replicate as an excision plasmid prophage carries putative lysogenic conversion genes, specifically peroxidases and a Type Vc secreted adhesin. These predicted peroxidases and adhesin were found in both Las and Lam, but appeared fragmentary or degenerated in Lso, indicating their potential for citrus host range determination. Liberibacter genomes seem to be under selective pressure to reduce GC% content and to lose unimportant genes. Although Lam have an outer membrane, most of the genes required for biosynthesis of lipopolysaccharide, which can trigger ROS production, are missing from the Lam genome.
How to Improve Light Duty Diesel Based on Heavy Duty Diesel Thermodynamic Analysis? (2013)

&lt;div class="section abstract"&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;The Diesel engine has now become a vital component of the transport sector, in view of its performance in terms of efficiency and therefore CO2 emissions some 25 % less than a traditional gasoline engine, its main competitor.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;However, the introduction of more and more stringent regulations on engine emissions (NOx, PM) requires complex after-treatment systems and combustion strategies to decrease pollutant emissions (regeneration strategies, injection strategies, …) with some penalty in fuel consumption. It becomes necessary to find new ways to improve the Diesel efficiency in order to maintain its inherent advantage.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;In the present work, we are looking for strategies and technologies to reduce Diesel engine fuel consumption. Based on the observation that large Diesel engines have a better efficiency than the smaller ones, a detailed thermodynamic combustion analysis of one Heavy Duty (HD) engine and two Passenger car (PC) engines is performed to understand these differences.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;A thermodynamic split of losses method is developed and used to compare these three combustion systems in order to find ways of improvement. Despite the different size of HD and PC engines, results are obtained on similar operating points. A detailed analysis of the differences between the HD and PC engine is then performed.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Finally, the use of the 0D modelling platform AMESim to simulate PC engine operating points with unconventional operating parameters borrowed to HD (Burnt Mass Fraction, AFR, …) is relevant to quantify and discuss efficiency gains potentially achievable by PC.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Effects of Intravenous Glucose on Whole Body Leucine Dynamics, Studied With 1-13C-Leucine, in Healthy Young and Elderly Adults (1984)

We examined whole body leucine metabolism in healthy young and elderly adults while in the postabsorptive state and during an intravenous glucose administration at two rates. Leucine flux, incorporation into whole body protein, and oxidation were estimated from a continuous intravenous infusion of L-[1-13C]leucine and determination of 13C enrichment in plasma leucine and expired air. Per unit of body weight, leucine flux and rates of incorporation into protein were similar in young and old men. Old women showed lower rates compared with young women. Rates were similar for both age groups when expressed per unit of total body water and/or of muscle protein mass. Intravenous glucose infusion (4 mg . kg-1 . min-1) reduced plasma leucine levels and flux similarly in both age groups. Thus, age-related differences in muscle mass and sensitivity of peripheral tissues to insulin-mediated glucose uptake and metabolism are not paralleled by alterations in whole body leucine kinetics in the postabsorptive state.
Facile synthesis of well-controlled poly(glycidyl methacrylate) and its block copolymers via SARA ATRP at room temperature (2014)

The detailed synthesis of poly(glycidyl methacrylate) (PGMA) by atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) using a catalytic system of Fe(0)/Cu(<sc>ii</sc>)Br<sub>2</sub> at room temperature is reported.
Combined reflectance spectroscopy and stochastic modeling approach for noninvasive hemoglobin determination via palpebral conjunctiva (2014)

A combination of stochastic photon propagation model in a multilayered human eyelid tissue and reflectance spectroscopy was used to study palpebral conjunctiva spectral reflectance for hemoglobin (Hgb) determination. The developed model is the first biologically relevant model of eyelid tissue, which was shown to provide very good approximation to the measured spectra. Tissue optical parameters were defined using previous histological and microscopy studies of a human eyelid. After calibration of the model parameters the responses of reflectance spectra to Hgb level and blood oxygenation variations were calculated. The stimulated reflectance spectra in adults with normal and low Hgb levels agreed well with experimental data for Hgb concentrations from 8.1 to 16.7 g/dL. The extracted Hgb levels were compared with in vitro Hgb measurements. The root mean square error of cross-validation was 1.64 g/dL. The method was shown to provide 86% sensitivity estimates for clinically diagnosed anemia cases. A combination of the model with spectroscopy measurements provides a new tool for noninvasive study of human conjunctiva to aid in diagnosing blood disorders such as anemia.
Analysis of radioactive waste generated during the cyclotron production of 99m Tc (2019)

Past and prospective shortages of medical radioisotopes have driven recent developments in the direct production of <sup>99m</sup>Tc via the <sup>100</sup>Mo(p,2n)<sup>99m</sup>Tc reaction. The cyclotron-based production method has been shown to successfully produce <sup>99m</sup>Tc, however trace impurities present in the enriched molybdenum target can also lead to the unintended creation of other radioisotopes which constitute waste. The isotopic composition of the waste has to be investigated in order to determine how it can be handled, transported and safely stored. In this article, we report which waste radioisotopes are created alongside <sup>99m</sup>Tc during target irradiation. Results are based on the gamma spectroscopy of waste produced. Significant complexities in the emission spectra made automated identification of radioisotopes inaccurate; complexities were resolved using a manual radioisotope identification procedure. The impact of target composition, integrated beam current and duration of target irradiation on the waste produced was studied. Results indicate that an average of 0.059 ± 0.003 GBq of waste is generated per 1 GBq of <sup>99m</sup>Tc produced. Two-thirds of the total waste activity produced was attributed to <sup>99</sup>Mo (T <sub>1/2</sub> = 66 h) alone, while a total of fifty radioisotopes were found in the waste. Long-lived isotopes (T <sub>1/2</sub> > 2 months) constituted only 1% of the total waste activity at end of beam (EOB). In conclusion, it was determined that the waste generated during cyclotron-based <sup>99m</sup>Tc production was acceptably low for routine clinical production.
Through Sunni Women's Eyes: Black Feminism and the Nation of Islam (2006)

This article portrays and analyzes the narratives of two Sunni women who were formerly members of the Nation of Islam. Their Nation stories vividly show how Muslim women accommodated dress codes as well as traditional gender roles that position men as the financial supporters of women and children. The article shows why Sunni African-American Muslim women have advocated male accountability in the past and present, and how doing so situates them within Black feminist tradition.
Low-cost technological approaches to micromachined spatial light modulators (2002)

Approaches toward the fabrication of low-cost integrated micromachined spatial light modulators are presented. An optimized fabrication procedure minimizes requirements on integrated electronics and mechanical layers. This surface can rest on a viscoelastic carrier material under which an electrode array is placed. Under application of appropriate potentials on the underlying electrodes, localized sinusoidal phase gratings can be produced. The depth of modulation can be converted to an intensity value by using Schlieren bars and integrating properties of the projection lens. The pixel sizes can vary from 20&#956;m to 1mm. In the fabrication procedure, a top chip is used, which is coated with a 50nm nitride layer and an 80nm Al layer. A droplet of the carrier layer is placed on the bottom chip, on which the top chip is then pressed, planarizing the surface. A 33 wt% KOH solution is used to bulk-etch the silicon of the top chip, using the thin nitride membrane as an etch stop, thus transferring the metal layer to the carrier substrate, a technique potentially also usable for adaptive deformable mirrors. A special elastomer based etch holder technology was developed to provide low stress protection of the sidewalls and aluminum bond pads during etching. Applications of these devices lie in the field of projection displays, optical lithography and optical communication networks.