gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Book Reviews (1981)

COMPUTER METHODS IN FLUIDS by K. MORGAN, C. TAYLOR and C. A. BREBBIA Pentech Press, 4 Graham Lodge, Graham Road, London NW4 3DG, 408 pages, cloth binding, ISBN 727303090 - Price £ 20. MARINE TURBULENCE PROCEEDINGS OF THE 11TH INTERNATIONAL LIEGE COLLOQUIUMON OCEAN HYDRODYNAMICS by JACQUES C. J. NIHOUL elsevier Oceanographic Series, 28 - Elsevier Scientific Publishing Co., P.O. BoxAmsterdam, 1980, 278 pp. - ISBN 0444 418814 - Price US$ 58.50 (Dfl. 120.—) MIXING IN INLAND AND COASTAL WATERS by HUGO B. FISCHER, E. JOHN LIST, ROBERT C. Y. KOH, JÖRG IMBERGER and NORMAN H. BROOKS Academic Press, Inc., Publishers, 111 Fifth Avenue, New York, N.Y. 10003, USA, 1979 - Price $ 35. ESTUARINE WATER-QUALITY MANAGEMENT WITH MOVING ELEMENT MODELS AND OPTIMIZATION TECHNIQUES by J. P. O'KANE Pitman Books Limited, 39 Parker Street, London WC2B 5PB, UK, 1980 - Price £ 18.—, non net. VERTICAL TURBULENT BUOYANT JETS A REVIEW OF EXPERIMENTAL DATA by C. J. CHEN and W. RODI Edited by Pergamon Press Ltd, Ileadlington Hill Hall, Oxford 0X3 OBW, UK, 1980, 83 pages - Price US$ 24. FUNDAMENTALS OF FLUID MECHANICS by ALAN L. PRASUHN XPrentice-Hall, Inc., Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey 07632, USA, 1980, 563 pp. price US$ 21.95 GIDRAVLICHESKIYE RASCHOTI VISOKONAPORNIH GIDROTEHNICHESKIH SOORUZHENIY by S. M. SLISSKIY "Energie" Publishing Company, Shluzovaya nab.10, 113114 Moscow, USSR, 1979, 335 pp., Price 1 Rb 50 kopek (US$ 2.50) NONLINEAR PARTIAL DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS (SEQUENTIAL AND WEAK SOLUTIONS) by E. E. ROSINGER Tslorth Holland (Amsterdam) and Elsevier-North Holland Inc., 52, Vanderbilt Avenue, New York, N.Y. 10017, 1980, 317 pp. Paperback, Price Dfl. 83. —, US$ 40. —. TURBULENCE MODELS AND THEIR APPLICATIONIN HYDRAULICS by W. RODI Editor: International Association for Hydraulic Research, P.O. Box 177, 2600 MHDelft, The Netherlands, 1980, 41 figures, 104 pp., soft cover.Price for members Dfl. 24.— and non-members Dfl. 30.— (reduced prices),including forwarding by surface mail as printed matter. Advance payment.
Development of a non-grounded haptic interface using the gyro effect (2003)

In this paper, we propose a technique capable of generating haptic sensation in a human-scale virtual reality environment or in an augmented reality environment. To realize such a large working volume and the ability to move easily within it, we have developed a non-grounded haptic interface using the gyro effect. The interface consists of a flywheel equipped with motor controlled gimbals that tilt the flywheel. We also propose three haptic rendering methods that can provide information regarding territories, target direction and trajectory. The effectiveness of our haptic interface was tested by conducting a series of experiments.
Plasmin-activated prodrugs for cancer chemotherapy. 1. Synthesis and biological activity of peptidylacivicin and peptidylphenylenediamine mustard (1983)

Many tumors contain elevated levels of plasminogen activator and thus produce elevated levels of the protease plasmin in the milieu of the tumor. We have hypothesized, therefore, that it should be possible to prepare peptidyl prodrug derivatives of anticancer drugs that would be locally activated by tumor-associated plasmin. As an initial test of this hypothesis, we synthesized the peptidyl prodrugs of the anticancer drugs (alpha S, 5S)-alpha-amino-3-chloro-4,5-dihydro-5-isoxazoleacetic acid (acivicin, AT-125) and N,N-bis(2-chloroethyl)-p-phenylenediamine (phenylenediamine mustard) by mixed anhydride coupling of the parent drug with the protected tripeptide, Boc-D-Val-Leu-Lys(Boc)-OH, followed by deprotection with trifluoroacetic acid. The prodrugs showed an increased selective in vitro cytotoxicity for Rous sarcoma virus transformed chicken embryo fibroblasts (which produce elevated levels of plasminogen activator) compared to nontransformed fibroblasts (which produce low levels of plasminogen activator). In the presence of the plasmin inhibitor, p-nitrophenyl p'-guanidinobenzoate at 2 micrograms/mL, the selectivity of the phenylenediamine mustard prodrug was reduced, but there was no effect on the cytotoxicity of the free drug. Furthermore, the prodrug analogue D-valylleucyl-D-lysylphenylenediamine mustard (in which L-Lys has been replaced by D-Lys) was inactive. Finally, the prodrug derivative of acivicin did not display selective toxicity for transformed cells when the cells were cultured in plasminogen-free medium. These results suggest that plasmin hydrolysis is necessary for the activation of the prodrugs. The prodrugs were tested in vivo for antitumor activity. The prodrug of acivicin, like acivicin itself, was inactive against the B16 melanoma, a murine tumor that produces high levels of plasminogen activator. This prodrug was active against the M5076 carcinoma, a tumor that displays only moderate levels of plasminogen activator; however, despite the fact that the prodrug was 2- to 3-fold less toxic on a molar basis than acivicin, there was no evidence of an increased therapeutic index. The prodrug of phenylenediamine mustard was also slightly less toxic than the parent drug, but again there was no evidence for an improved therapeutic index against the B16 tumor.
Comparative Efficacies of Rifaximin and Vancomycin for Treatment of Clostridium difficile -Associated Diarrhea and Prevention of Disease Recurrence in Hamsters (2008)

Clostridium difficile-associated colitis is an increasing cause of morbidity and mortality in hospitalized patients, with high relapse rates following conventional therapy. We sought to determine the efficacy of rifaximin, a novel nonabsorbed antibiotic, in the hamster model of C. difficile-associated diarrhea (CDAD). Hamsters received clindamycin subcutaneously and 24 h later were infected by gavage with one of two C. difficile strains: a reference strain (VPI 10463) and a current epidemic strain (BI17). Vancomycin (50 mg/kg of body weight) or rifaximin (100, 50, and 25 mg/kg) were then administered orally for 5 days beginning either on the same day as infection (prevention) or 24 h later (treatment). Therapeutic effects were assessed by weight gain, histology, and survival. We found that rifaximin was as effective as vancomycin in the prevention and treatment of colitis associated with the two C. difficile strains that we examined. There was no relapse after treatment with vancomycin or rifaximin in hamsters infected with the BI17 strain. Hamsters infected with the VPI 10463 strain and treated with rifaximin did not develop relapsing infection within a month of follow-up, whereas the majority of vancomycin-treated animals relapsed (0% versus 75%, respectively; P < 0.01). In conclusion, rifaximin was found to be an effective prophylactic and therapeutic agent for CDAD in hamsters and was not associated with disease recurrence. These findings, in conjunction with the pharmacokinetic and safety profiles of rifaximin, suggest that it is an attractive candidate for clinical use for CDAD.
Human cellular microRNA hsa-miR-29a interferes with viral nef protein expression and HIV-1 replication (2008)

Our results show that the cellular miRNA hsa-miR29a downregulates the expression of Nef protein and interferes with HIV-1 replication.
Unit commitment in microgrids by improved genetic algorithm (2010)

A microgrid consists of various types of smart distributed generators, renewable generators, storage devices and controllable load, which not only must meet their local needs but also are under the hierarchical control of management system. Due to this combination of conventional and renewable sources, the unit commitment becomes more crucial and more complicated in the management of a microgrid. In this paper, an improved genetic algorithm based method is proposed for unit commitment in a microgrid. The genetic algorithm is improved by adopting the simulated annealing technique to accelerate the convergence. The objective is to minimize microgrid's operational cost when it is isolated and maximize its revenue when it is connected to upstream networks.
Segmentation de structures cérébrales par modèles déformables en concurrence (2005)

Nous nous interessons a la segmentation 3D de structures anatomiques sur des IRM T1. La segmentation est effectuee par ensembles de niveau qui evoluent en competition et dont la propagation est geree par commande floue. Pour cela, on tient compte de la connaissance a priori fournie par un atlas. L'atlas est recale sur chacun des volumes traites, ce qui permet d'utiliser les etiquettes correspondant aux structures cibles. On associe un contour a chaque structure a segmenter. Les differents contours evoluent simultanement en tenant compte de la distance a leurs etiquettes respectives, de la distribution d'intensite du volume et de la proximite des autres contours. Ces trois elements sont les entrees d'un systeme de commande floue qui determine localement la direction de propagation privilegiee de chaque contour. Deux applications sont presentees: la segmentation des hemispheres du cerveau et du cervelet, et la segmentation de structures internes de la substance grise.
The Use of the Lapidus Procedure for Recurrent Hallux Valgus (2011)

IV, Retrospective Case Series
Expression of tenascin, biglycan and decorin in disorders of keratinization (1994)

The distribution of three (recently discovered) extracellular matrix components (tenascin, biglycan and decorin) was studied in normal adult human skin and in a number of monogenic disorders of keratinization, using immunohistology. The expression of tenascin, which is sparsely distributed in normal human dermis, was found to be grossly increased in epidermolytic hyperkeratoses and in Darier's disease. Tenascin expression in three types of ichthyosis (X-linked recessive ichthyosis, autosomal dominant ichthyosis vulgaris, non-erythrodermic lamellar ichthyosis) was similar to that of normal skin. The presence of biglycan and decorin did not show a marked variation between the different disorders studied, suggesting that their expression is subject to regulatory mechanisms distinct from those of tenascin. The increased expression of tenascin in two disorders of keratinization with a hyperproliferative phenotype, lends further support to the hypothesis that dermal tenascin expression is increased as a result of epidermal hyperproliferation.
What’s an Ionic Liquid? (2007)

“The Structure and Properties of Ionic Melts” was the title of a Faraday Society Discussion held in Liverpool in 1961; it dealt exclusively with molten inorganic salts. “Ionic Liquids” was the title of Chapter 6 of the textbook Modern Electrochemistry by Bockris and Reddy, published in 1970: it discussed liquids ranging from alkali silicates and halides to tetraalkylammonium salts.
Subjective Evaluation of Human-Computer Interface Options for a Tactical Decision Support System. (1995)

Abstract : Tactical Decision Making Under Stress (TADMUS) personnel performed a subjective evaluation study to investigate human-computer interface (MCI) design options for an experimental decision support system (DSS). This report presents the study's results. The DSS contains seven windows: Alerts, Track Profile, Comparison to Norms, Template, SABER (Situation Assessment by Explanation-Based Reasoning), Response Manager, and Track Priority List. The study examined 19 individual design options for these windows.
A Simple High Performance Approach to Semantic Segmentation (2008)

We propose a simple approach to semantic image segmentation. Our system scores low-level patches according to their class re levance, propagates these posterior probabilities to pixels and uses low- level segmentation to guide the semantic segmentation. The two main contributions of this paper are as follows. First, for the patch scoring, we describe each patch with a high-level descriptor based on the Fisher kernel and use a s et of linear classifiers. While the Fisher kernel methodology was shown t o lead to high accuracy for image classification, it has not been applied to the segmentation problem. Second, we use global image classifiers to take into account the context of the objects to be segmented. If an image as a whole is unlikely to contain an object class, then the corresponding class is not considered in the segmentation pipeline. This increases the classification a ccuracy and reduces the computational cost. We will show that despite its apparent simplicity, this system provides above state-of-the-art performance on the PASCAL VOC 2007 dataset and state-of-the-art performance on the MSRC 21 dataset.
XagR, a LuxR Homolog, Contributes to the Virulence of Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. glycines to Soybean (2012)

A novel luxR homolog, termed XagR, in Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. glycines, the cause of soybean pustule, controls expression of pip, yapH, and at least 77 other genes. Although XagR and Pip are required for full virulence of X. axonopodis pv. glycines to soybean, constitutive overproduction of XagR suppresses infection. The xagR-dependent induction of pip occurs in planta only 2 days or more after inoculation. Although the transcription of xagR appears constitutive, XagR accumulates only in cells that have colonized soybean plants for more than 2 days suggesting that some components produced during the infection process mediate post-transcriptional control, likely by protecting XagR from proteolytic degradation. XagR modulates the adhesiveness of the pathogen during the infection process by suppressing the adhesin YapH. Although yapH mutants incite more infections of soybean leaves than the wild-type strain when topically applied under dry conditions, the mutant causes fewer infections when leaves are subject to simulated rain events after inoculation. Likewise, yapH mutants and cells in which XagR was overexpressed exhibited much more egress from infected leaves than the wild-type strain. Thus, XagR differentially modulates expression of a variety of genes during the infection process in response to feedback from plant molecules elaborated during infection to coordinate processes such as invasion, infection, and cell egress needed to complete the disease cycle.
Role of microbiota and related metabolites in gastrointestinal tract barrier function in NAFLD (2021)

The Gastrointestinal (GI) tract is composed of four main barriers: microbiological, chemical, physical and immunological. These barriers play important roles in maintaining GI tract homeostasis. In the crosstalk between these barriers, microbiota and related metabolites have been shown to influence GI tract barrier integrity, and alterations of the gut microbiome might lead to an increase in intestinal permeability. As a consequence, translocation of bacteria and their products into the circulatory system increases, reaching proximal and distal tissues, such as the liver. One of the most prevalent chronic liver diseases, Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD), has been associated with an altered gut microbiota and barrier integrity. However, the causal link between them has not been fully elucidated yet. In this review, we aim to highlight relevant bacterial taxa and their related metabolites affecting the GI tract barriers in the context of NAFLD, discussing their implications in gut homeostasis and in disease.
Diamond nanocrystals formed by direct implantation of fused silica with carbon (2001)

We report synthesis of diamond nanocrystals directly from carbon atoms embedded into fused silica by ion implantation followed by thermal annealing. The production of the diamond nanocrystals and other carbon phases is investigated as a function of ion dose, annealing time, and annealing environment. We observe that the diamond nanocrystals are formed only when the samples are annealed in forming gas (4% H in Ar). Transmission electron microscopy studies show that the nanocrystals range in size from 5 to 40 nm, depending on dose, and are embedded at a depth of only 140 nm below the implanted surface, whereas the original implantation depth was 1450 nm. The bonding in these nanocrystals depends strongly on cluster size, with the smaller clusters predominantly aggregating into cubic diamond structure. The larger clusters, on the other hand, consist of other forms of carbon such as i-carbon and n-diamond and tend to be more defective. This leads to a model for the formation of these clusters which is based on the size dependent stability of the hydrogen-terminated diamond phase compared to other forms of carbon. Additional studies using visible and ultraviolet Raman Spectroscopy, optical absorption, and electron energy loss spectroscopy reveal that most samples contain a mixture of sp2 and sp3 hybridized carbon phases.
Protein‐Directed Formation of Silver Nanoparticles on Carbon Nanotubes (2007)

Studies of silver nanoparticle formation using MWNT-protein/polypeptide conjugates are reported. Our findings suggest that there is selectivity in the formation of silver nanoparticles depending on the nature of the protein. Protein-mediated mineralization is facile and can be carried out under mild conditions, thereby enabling retention of the biological activity of the protein.
A proposed mechanism for enhanced water-conservation in egg clutches of the Mexican Kingsnake, Lampropeltis mexicana (Serpentes: Colubridae) (2014)

A postura de ovos em um substrato úmido minimiza o estresse hídrico de ovos de répteis com casca coriácea, pois permite que absorvam água através da casca permeável. Esse ganho de água contribui para a redução da perda de água em ovos agregados. Demostramos aqui essa característica de conservação de água em ovos da serpente Lampropeltis mexicana em um experimento de balanco hídrico investigando tanto desovas naturais como ovos arranjados experimentalmente em grupos. As taxas de perda de água dos ovos continuam a diminuir à medida que mais ovos são adicionados ao agregado, com um limiar de aproximadamente 15 ovos. Não há redução adicional da taxa de perda de água em um agregado de 20 ovos, número maior que o tamanho típico máximo da desova natural dessa espécie. Correntes de ar seco dirigidas sobre a desova provocam o desaparecimento dessa característica de conservação de água, mas esta reaparece quando o ar está imóvel (desligando-se a corrente de ar). Essa é a primeira vez que um aumento na pressão de vapor de água em um agregado de ovos é demonstrado experimentalmente; os resultados sugerem que a postura de ovos agregados pode beneficiar o desenvolvimento por meio da conservação de umidade.
A C3(H20) recycling pathway is a component of the intracellular complement system (2017)

An intracellular complement system (ICS) has recently been described in immune and nonimmune human cells. This system can be activated in a convertase-independent manner from intracellular stores of the complement component C3. The source of these stores has not been rigorously investigated. In the present study, Western blotting identified a band corresponding to C3 in freshly isolated human peripheral blood cells that was absent in corresponding cell lines. One difference between native cells and cell lines was the time absent from a fluid-phase complement source; therefore, we hypothesized that loading C3 from plasma was a route of establishing intracellular C3 stores. We found that many types of human cells specifically internalized C3(H2O), the hydrolytic product of C3, and not native C3, from the extracellular milieu. Uptake was rapid, saturable, and sensitive to competition with unlabeled C3(H2O), indicating a specific mechanism of loading. Under steady-state conditions, approximately 80% of incorporated C3(H2O) was returned to the extracellular space. These studies identify an ICS recycling pathway for C3(H2O). The loaded C3(H2O) represents a source of C3a, and its uptake altered the cytokine profile of activated CD4+ T cells. Importantly, these results indicate that the impact of soluble plasma factors should be considered when performing in vitro studies assessing cellular immune function.
Insulin prolongs the QTc interval in humans (2000)

Insulin hyperpolarizes plasma membranes; we tested whether insulin affects ventricular repolarization. In 35 healthy volunteers, we measured the Q-T interval during electrocardiographic monitoring in the resting state and in response to hyperinsulinemia (euglycemic 1-mU. min(-1). kg(-1) insulin clamp). A computerized algorithm was used to identify T waves; Bazett's formula was employed to correct Q-T (QTc) by heart rate (HR). In the resting state, QTc was inversely related to indexes of body size (e.g., body surface area, r = -0.53, P = 0.001) but not to indexes of body fatness. During the clamp, HR (67 +/- 1 to 71 +/- 1 beats/min, P < 0.0001) and plasma norepinephrine levels (161 +/- 12 to 184 +/- 10 pg/ml, P < 0.001) increased. QTc rose promptly and consistently, averaging 428 +/- 6 ms between 30 and 100 min (P = 0.014 vs. the resting value of 420 +/- 5 ms). Fasting serum potassium (3.76 +/- 0.03 mM) declined to 3. 44 +/- 0.03 mM during insulin. After adjustment for body size, resting QTc was directly related to fasting plasma insulin (partial r = 0.43, P = 0.01); furthermore, QTc was inversely related to serum potassium levels both in the fasting state (partial r = -0.16, P < 0. 04) and during insulin stimulation (partial r = -0.47, P = 0.003). Neither resting nor clamp-induced QTc was related to insulin sensitivity. Physiological hyperinsulinemia acutely prolongs ventricular repolarization independent of insulin sensitivity. Both insulin-induced hypokalemia and adrenergic activation contribute to this effect.
Habitat use during spring migration: Remote sensing meets movement ecology (2017)

Forage availability during spring migration is crucial for the survival and successful reproduction of many migratory species. With careful timing in relation to spring growth and small-scale selection of suitable food sites, large avian herbivory migrants are known to maximise foraging rate during spring. However, especially for Arctic breeders, the recent levels of climate and habitat change alter the conditions that they meet at their spring stopover and breeding sites. In the EO-MOVE project we examine the habitat use of greater white-fronted geese (Anser albifrons) along their spring migration route between central Europe and northern Russia. This species is known to be sensitive to land-use intensity, phenology and landscape configuration, which calls for the exploitation of high resolution tracking and remote sensing technologies. To characterise the movement of geese within their spring stopovers, we use over 150 highly resolved GPS tracks of individual adult geese from the years 2006-2017. Since 2014 we have additionally collected acceleration data to classify the animals' behaviour and energy expenditure. We select within-stopover GPS positions that are classified as flight or feeding and overlay the movements connecting different small-scale feeding sites with optical and SAR time series data (20Ã-20m) from the Sentinel 1 and 2 satellite missions using step selection functions. Habitat preference outcomes are then set into context with vegetation indices and compared between individuals, years and stopover sites. First results indicate that white-fronted geese generally select for highly green, low and young vegetation, but also that there are large differences between stopovers. We expect to reveal in detail how the birds select for suitable feeding sites in relation to availability and recent levels of habitat change, potentially allowing for site selection prediction, an important prerequisite for spatially or temporally targeted conservation schemes.