gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Architecture as Mediator of Environment: A Core Environmental Design Studio (2020)

The façade, or enclosure, is the primary signifier of architecture as a whole. In Rem Koolhaas’s “Elements of Architecture” the introduction to the chapter on facades states that as “a metonym for architecture … the façade is the element most invested with political and cultural meaning.” [1] Throughout history of architecture the façade has taken on and reflected the cultural and political concerns of the day. Through each period, the architect has displayed an attraction and obsession with the façade as the location of innovation in architecture. Rather than see this as relinquishing of the agency of the architect, can we reimagine the role of the skin as both mediator of its environment and active produce of it? In this essay I will be demonstrating how these questions and issues are pedagogically addressed within a coordinated undergraduate core studio. Students were asked to design three small buildings on a single site. Each project asked the students to consider a single environmental actor as its primary focus of the design. The projects leveraged architectural responses to lighting, acoustic, and thermal issues. While each building leveraged a single environmental force students soon realized that many of these systems overlapped and are codependent. The semester starts with the design of an Architecture of Light: a free standing gallery. The second project was an Architecture of Sound: a performance space that must function as a closed performance space in the winter and an open performance space in the summer. The final project was an Architecture of Heat: a spa and boat house that utilized thermal experience and natural ventilation. In this essay I will be discussing how each of these projects related to each other, what tools the students used, and where there might be opportunities for further developing this pedagogy.
Database-inspired search (2005)

&amp;quot;W3QL: A Query Language for the WWW&amp;quot;, published in 1995, presented a language with several distinctive features. Employing existing indexes as access paths, it allowed the selection of documents using conditions on semi-structured documents and maintaining dynamic views of navigational queries. W3QL was capable of automatically filling out forms and navigating through them. Finally, in the SQL tradition, it was a declarative query language, that could be the subject of optimization. Ten years later,
Short-term predictive changes in the dynamics of disparity vergence eye movements (2005)

Repetitive stimulation of the disparity vergence system to large convergent step stimuli has been shown to increase the dynamics of subsequent responses to smaller step stimuli. Here we show that decreases in the dynamics of both disparity convergence and divergence eye movements can be induced using a frequently occurring small amplitude conditioning stimulus to modify responses to a larger, occasionally presented test stimulus. In one experiment, a simple conditioning stimulus consisting of repetitive 1 degrees step stimuli was used to modify the dynamic vergence response to an occasional 4 degrees step test stimulus. An experimental trial consisted of three phases: baseline, conditioning, and recovery. The baseline and recovery phases used only the 4 degrees test stimuli. The dynamic characteristics of the responses to test stimuli were quantified by measuring the magnitude of the peak velocity. A statistically significant change was observed between the dynamics of conditioned responses compared to baseline and recovery responses indicting modification by the conditioning stimuli. During recovery, the response dynamics returned to levels near baseline levels showing that the decrease in response dynamics was caused by the conditioning stimulus, not fatigue. Another experiment showed that the response dynamics to large stimuli could be decreased whereas the dynamics of small stimuli could be increased by the same intermediate conditioning stimulus. Other experiments suggest that the modifications are due to a predictive mechanism. The results indicate that the dynamics of disparity vergence eye movements are malleable and depend to some extent on the amplitude of preceding stimuli.
Performance measures for correlation filters (1990)

Several performance criteria are described to enable a fair comparison among the various correlation filter designs: signal-to-noise ratio, peak sharpness, peak location, light efficiency, discriminability, and distortion invariance. The trade-offs resulting between some of these criteria are illustrated with the help of a new family of filters called fractional power filters (FPFs). The classical matched filter, phase-only filter (POF), and inverse filter are special cases of FPFs. Using examples, we show that the POF appears to provide a good compromise between noise tolerance and peak sharpness.
Modeling Energy-Aware Photoplethysmography Hardware for Personalized Health Care Applications Across Skin Phototypes (2021)

Photoplethysmography (PPG) sensing is a popular optical method used to determine blood oxygen saturation and heart rate based on light reflected from a patient's skin. Both health metrics are useful in detecting COVID-19 in asymptomatic patients but remain impacted by physiological differences in individuals. In the context of wearable self-powered devices, PPG sensing is relatively high-power compared to available on-body energy. This paper presents a PPG sensing model, with a transimpedance amplifier (TIA) to demonstrate power, signaling, and design tradeoffs, and a photodiode model that includes the impact of a patient's skin phototype on reflected light and PPG sensing accuracy. It also presents preliminary measured results from on-body testing with existing hardware to verify the power and ability to extract a PPG signal at those power levels. This model demonstrates the need to first identify the minimum allowable photodiode current that can produce accurate results for each skin phototype and then determine user-specific circuit knobs to achieve personalized PPG sensing with optimized power consumption.
Innocuous character of [ethylenebis(oxyethylenenitrilo)]tetraacetic acid and EDTA as metal-ion buffers in studying Ca2+ binding by alpha-lactalbumin. (1986)

The binding of EGTA and EDTA to alpha-lactalbumin, first demonstrated by Kronman and Bratcher (Kronman, M. J., and Bratcher, S. C. (1983) J. Biol. Chem. 258, 5707-5709) and afterwards regarded as a significant source of error in estimating the binding constant of Ca2+ to the protein, has been investigated by comparison of the thermal unfolding curves of the protein in the absence and presence of the chelators and also by measuring the NMR spectra of the protein, the chelators, and the protein-chelator mixtures. The unfolding curve in the presence of a large excess of each chelator has been found to be identical to that in the absence of chelator, indicating that there is essentially no interaction between the chelators and alpha-lactalbumin. The NMR results have also supported this conclusion, and the innocuous character of these chelators as metal-ion buffers in studying the Ca2+-binding properties of alpha-lactalbumin is demonstrated. In order to re-examine the binding constant for Ca2+ of alpha-lactalbumin without the aid of chelating metal-ion buffers, the thermal unfolding curve of the protein in the presence of 0.1 mM excess Ca2+ but without chelators has been compared with the unfolding curve in the absence of Ca2+ at a constant concentration of Na+ (0.010 or 0.10 M) at pH 7.0. The binding constant of alpha-lactalbumin can be calculated from the increment of melting temperature caused by the presence of Ca2+ and from the enthalpy and heat capacity changes in the unfolding. Because Ca2+ binding to the unfolded protein can be neglected under the conditions employed, the binding constant evaluated corresponds to the binding constant to protein that has native structure. The constant obtained is 3-5 X 10(9) M-1 after corrections for binding of Na+ to the protein and for ionic strength, and this shows excellent agreement with the corresponding value previously estimated (2.9 +/- 1.0 X 10(9) M-1), although the latter value was obtained in the presence of EDTA. The apparent Ca2+-binding constant that has been discussed in most previous studies, without taking account of the folding-unfolding equilibrium associated with the binding process, also depends on the concentration of monovalent cations such as Na+, and the present results lead to values of 1.5 X 10(8) and 8.7 X 10(6) M-1 at 0.01 and 0.1 M Na+, respectively.
Fe Substituted SrTiO3 as Visible Light Active Photosensitive Material for Solar-Hydrogen Generation (2013)

Perovskite SrTiO3 and Fe Substituted SrTiO3 were prepared by solid-state reaction route as visible light active photosensitive materials for solar-hydrogen generation applications. Powder X-ray diffraction pattern confirms the formation of crystalline perovskite SrTiO3 phase at sintering temperature of 1273 K. The pattern of Fe substituted SrTiO3 exhibits number of peaks with splits and less crystalline indicating a lower symmetry structure upon substation at Sr and Ti sites. Crystallinity and crystallite size also finds decrease with increased Fe substitution. The band gap of SrTiO3 obtained by DR UV-Vis absorbance analysis at various sintering temperature approaches the theoretical value 3.06 eV. However, on Fe substitution the band gap is reduced to ~ 2.0-2.5 eV suggesting the materials can extend its absorption to the visible range also. FT-IR spectra confirmed that the Fe substituted SrTiO3 is similar to that of pure phase with bands corresponding to the hydroxyl and carboxyl groups. Since the substituted materials show reduced band gap, these materials can be utilized for photosensitive solar-hydrogen generation.
High-Potential Redox Shuttle for Use in Lithium-Ion Batteries (2009)

Redox shuttle additives can be used in lithium-ion cells to protect against overcharging and for cell balancing in multicell packs. Most previously reported redox shuttles have been either unstable as shuttles, resulting in a short duration of overcharge protection, or have redox potentials that make them suitable only for cells containing lower potential positive electrode materials, such as . A new molecule, 1,4-di--butyl-2,5-bis(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)benzene, is shown here to be a stable redox shuttle with a redox potential of and provides overcharge protection in full Li-ion cells, implying adequate reductive stability. Experiments using and cells show that this molecule can work with high-energy-density positive electrodes as well as in full cells containing positive electrodes and Li, mesocarbon microbead, or negative electrodes.
Hybrid Characterisation of Local Landscapes : The characterisation of villages in the Siljan Area, Sweden, based Landsat TM data (2004)

Questions of landscape values connected to agriculture and environment are always related to local land use. In order to study land use it is necessary to understand the intentions of the users as well as the conditions for land use in a specific landscape. This requires an understanding of the inherent spatial properties of the landscape, both as a social phenomenon and as concrete, material reality. The overall aim of this thesis is to combine local understandings of land use with satellite images. A model for social interpretation of landuse and landscape characteristics is developed. In an ethnographic study in the village Sotasa is shown how land use is informed by different ideals. The inhabitants of Sotasa continue to value the landscape characteristics of traditional farming. The thesis shows also that by perceiving satellite images as social images that hold both physical information and social signs it is possible to interpret physical information in terms of social landuse effects in local landscapes. This is made possible by new methods for describing and analysing qualities and characteristics of the cultivated landscape. Treating landscape in society is discussed in relation to the divide between social and natural sciences. The presented ethnographic approach combined with a study of satellite images provides a springboard for a renewed analysis of both land use and landscape. It also makes it possible to bridge the gap between social and natural science. The overall conclusion of the thesis is that it is possible to use satellite images in social science, but that it presupposes that the images are analysed with a perception of space in which the analysis handles multiple continuous spaces and where landscape is understood as socially finite.
Crevice corrosion: a neural network approach (1996)

AbstractCrevice corrosion of stainless steels and related alloys in near neutral chloride containing environments is a very widespread form of localised corrosion in industrial plants where sea water is a common coolant medium and the complexity gives rise to many types of potentially dangerous crevices. Crevice corrosion, like other modes of localised corrosion, is a stochastic process which should be treated using probability laws and concepts. Many test methods have thus far been proposed and several different models have been developed to study crevice corrosion phenomena. However, much remains to be done and to be understood before this problem can be fully solved. The complexity of the processes occurring during the onset and development of crevice corrosion, as well as the poor reliability of the above mentioned test methods, have led to the development of artificial intelligence systems. Among these, the artificial neural network (NN) system appears to be a powerful tool to tackle situations in which a large number of data are available but no simple models are derived. In the present paper an attempt to develop a NN for rapid predictions of crevice corrosion performance of alloys in chloride containing environments is described.
Interactive and Markerless Visual Recognition of Brazilian Sign Language Alphabet (2023)

The automatic recognition of sign languages will increase the inclusion of non-verbal persons in society by allowing them to communicate with people who are not familiar with sign language. To this end, recently some systems have been proposed to automatically recognize sign language. Among them, those with external aids such as gloves, markers, clothing/background control, or radars usually have high accuracy, but are not practical in daily life situations. On the other hand, those that use only a camera, such as prevalent smartphone cameras, are practical but have lower accuracy. In this work, we present a system that can recognize the alphabet in the Brazilian sign language, Língua Brasileira de Sinais (LIBRAS), using only a camera yet achieving high accuracy. Like most existing works, our system captures and processes the image of hand gesture and uses a classifier to recognize the sign. However, unlike existing works, the classifier is the Inception-v3 neural network trained with transfer learning on our custom-collected LIBRAS alphabet dataset. Performance evaluations show the system recognizes LIBRAS alphabet with 97% accuracy. We also developed an interactive app, demonstrating that it can run in real time.
Co-Design Strategies for Optimal Variable Stiffness Actuation (2017)

Robotic systems powered by variable stiffness actuators (VSAs) provide important benefits for applications that demand safety, performance, and energy-efficiency. Being multidisciplinary systems, performance of such devices cannot be fully exploited unless co-design techniques that account for their inherent design couplings are employed for their optimization. These co-design strategies enable a synergetic design of mechanical and control aspects of the system. We present application of two alternative co-design frameworks to robotic systems with VSA and demonstrate their effectiveness on a case study for optimal system design of a robotic prosthesis. Our results indicate that substantial reductions in required motor torques, leading to important performance gains in system weight and bandwidth can be achieved, compared with suboptimal designs where design couplings are not considered. Furthermore, we provide a critical evaluation of the trade-offs involved in utilizing simultaneous versus nested co-design frameworks to obtain system level optima. In particular, we contrast the ease of implementation and computational efficiency of the simultaneous framework with the modular structure of the nested framework that allows using discipline-specific optimization tools and provide guidance in selecting the appropriate method for a given design task. Finally, through an example, we provide evidence that the system level optimization results can guide design of novel and more efficient actuation concepts.
Solubility-Driven Optimization of Phosphodiesterase-4 Inhibitors Leading to a Clinical Candidate (2012)

The solubility-driven optimization of a series of 1,7-napthyridine phosphodiesterase-4 inhibitors is described. Directed structural changes resulted in increased aqueous solubility, enabling superior pharmacokinetic properties with retention of PDE4 inhibition. A range of potent and orally bioavailable compounds with good in vivo efficacy in animal models of inflammation and reduced emetic potential compared to previously described drugs were synthesized. Compound 2d was taken forward as a clinical candidate for the treatment of COPD.
Canine Nutritional Model: Influence of Age, Diet, and Genetics on Health and Well-Being (2006)

As a whole, biological research has recently shifted its focus from reductionism to holistic approaches to study complex systems, a strategy often termed "systems biology". Nutritional research has progressed similarly, incorporating phenotype, genotype, genomics, and bioinformatics into an integrative molecular nutrition research model to study the impact of nutritional status on health and disease. Given the importance of livestock and companion animals as large animal models for humans, many of these genomes including that of the dog, cow, cat, and chicken have been sequenced or are being sequenced by the National Institutes of Health (NIH). Ongoing projects to sequence the canine genome and create a SNP map, in addition to the phenotypic and genotypic similarities and unique breed structure of domestic dogs, continue to increase the experimental power of the dog model. While anatomical and physiological similarities have deemed the dog a useful model for gastrointestinal research for decades, economical and ethical concerns have recently decreased their use in this research field. This review aims to reiterate the importance of the dog model in gastrointestinal research, including the study of prebiotics and aging on intestinal health, analyzing gene expression profiles to better understand intestinal diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease, and performing whole genome association studies to identify genetic loci contributing to complex intestinal diseases. Keywords: Canine, functional genomics, intestinal health, nutrition, systems biology
The Zephyr abstract syntax description language (1997)

Many studies of lignins in solution invoke association and aggregation phenomena to explain their solution behavior (e.g., reprecipitation onto pulp fibers, condensation, etc.). Following their colloidal (apparent) molecular weights in solution as a function of time allows us to explore observable dissociation phenomena. These measurements were carried out using multiple angle laser light scattering (MALLS) photometry in the static mode. The challenges and opportunities of measuring the specific refractive index increment (dn/dC) of lignin solutions and determining the kinetics of the dissociation process were thus investigated. Hardwood and softwood representative lignins were isolated, and method for their full dissolution in THF was further developed, which then lead to accurate dn/dC values being obtained as a function of time. When coupled to additional work using light scattering static measurements and Zimm plots for the same solutions, this effort offers insight into the aggregation and ensuing dissociative events that operate within the lignin macromolecules.
ChemInform Abstract: A New Diaza‐18‐crown‐6 Ligand Containing Two Quinolin‐8‐ylmethyl Side Arms: Crystal Structures and Characterization of the Ligand, the Protonated Ligand and Its Mononuclear Barium(II) and Dinuclear Copper(II) Complexes. (2001)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Luminescence characterizations of freestanding bulk single crystalline aluminum nitride towards optoelectronic application (2017)

Freestanding wurtzite aluminum nitride bulk single crystals were massively grown, exhibiting deep UV band edge and broad defect-related emissions.
A Tuneable Metal Gate Work Function Using Solid State Diffusion of Nitrogen (2002)

The work function of a metal gate electrode has been adjusted by the incorporation of nitrogen at the metaldielectric interface. The nitrogen was introduced using solid state diffusion from an over-stoichiometric TiN1+X layer. RBS measurements demonstrate that up to 35 at% nitrogen can be diffused into a 10nm Ta layer from the TiN layer and that the diffused concentration increases with anneal temperature. The effects of nitrogen incorporation upon the gate work function were studied for tantalum on Al2O3 and for molybdenum on SiO2 and on Al2O3. The work function of tantalum is slightly affected by the presence of the TiN exhibiting a change of -0.08±0.05eV, comparable to the work function change attributed to the thermal processing. Molybdenum is shown to be extremely sensitive with a work function change of -0.52±0.04eV for Mo/SiO2 and by -1.05±0.12eV for Mo/Al2O3. The absolute work functions for the Mo/SiO2 system are approaching the requirements of n- and p-MOSFET gate electrodes and there is evidence from the RBS measurements that there is a large process window for further optimisation.
On the nature of cross-hatch patterns on compositionally graded Si1−xGex alloy layers (1994)

The effect of strain relaxation on the surface morphology of compositionally graded Si1−xGex layers grown at 550 °C has been investigated by a combination of transmission electron and atomic force microscopy. By annealing unrelaxed graded layers, we have found that shear displacements caused by dislocation glide roughen the surface dramatically. This effect is attributed to the formation of a network of dislocation clusters which give rise to the pronounced slip-band pattern on the surface of the graded layers. It is shown that the surface plastic displacements produced by such a network during growth of the graded layer contribute significantly to the formation of the cross-hatch patterns.
Pimavanserin for Parkinson's Disease psychosis: Effects stratified by baseline cognition and use of cognitive‐enhancing medications (2018)

The antipsychotic effect of pimavanserin is robust in PD patients with cognitive impairment and may be enhanced by concomitant cognitive-enhancing medication use. Future prospective studies are needed to confirm these preliminary findings. © 2018 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
Transcriptional landscape of PTEN loss in primary prostate cancer (2021)

We created a PCa specific signature of the transcriptional landscape of PTEN loss that comprises both the coding and an extensive non-coding counterpart, highlighting potential new players in PCa progression. We also show that contrary to what is observed in other cancers, PTEN loss in PCa leads to increased activation of the immune system. These findings can help the development of new biomarkers and help guide therapy choices.