gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Using Multi-parameters for Calibration of Low-cost Sensors in Urban Environment (2017)

Measurements that were taken at appropriate spatial and temporal resolution are important for understanding urban environment. However, due to cost issues, most of current monitoring sensors are sparsely deployed and are not able to provide sufficient spatial resolution. As an alternative solution, low-cost sensors that cost several orders less than the current sensors have been exploited, providing much higher spatial resolution with relatively low cost. However, the data from low-cost sensors are widely reported to be deficient, resulting in the calibration of low-cost sensors being more difficult. In this work, key challenges of calibration of low-cost sensors were identified, and the limitations of current calibration methods were discussed. A multi-parameter calibration that not only utilises cross-sensitive parameters but also considers other relevant parameters was proposed. The stepwise regression method with interaction term was then proposed to systematically select optimal parameters for the calibration. The evaluations that were carried out in both city centre and outside of city centre have shown a great advantage of using the proposed method. It shows significantly better result than the existing methods, in terms of improved root mean square errors and better linearity between the calibrated trace and the reference.
Nest Building and Brooding Behavior of the Bagrid Catfish,Auchenoglanis occidentalis(Valenciennes, 1840), in Lake Tanganyika (2001)

Brooding and nest-maintenance behaviors of the bagrid catfish Auchenoglanis occidentalis (Valenciennes, 1840) were studied in the southern end of Lake Tanganyika. We observed huge saucerlike nests, 1.2–3.8 m across, on the fine sand bottom of the littoral zone. The lowest parts of the nests were covered with an accumulation of coarse particles consisting mainly of gastropod and bivalve shells and shell-fragments, which the catfish sifted out from the sediment. Broods were buried within the shell accumulation and tended solely by males for up to two weeks until the juveniles were motile. Brooding males spent most of their time fanning the pectoral fins and undulating the posterior body. These movements resulted in water flow over the broods, which might serve to prevent oxygen deficiency. They did not act aggressively against intruding potential brood-predators. Nest distribution and relationships between nest size and shell content in the sediment suggest that nest site selection and nest size are determined by the shell availability in the sediment.
Management of Infections Caused by Antibiotic-Resistant Streptococcus Pneumoniae (1994)

The increasing resistance of S. pneumoniae to antimicrobial agents is a cause for concern. Although a number of therapeutic strategies are possible, local patterns of resistance must be considered. It is essential to determine the susceptibility of individual strains to penicillin and other antimicrobial agents that could be used for therapy. Communication between the clinician and the laboratory is vital to determine the best therapeutic options. The recent recognition of cephalosporin-resistant strains emphasizes the need to determine susceptibility to cephalosporins. Clinical laboratories should be aware of the recently proposed changes in the definition of cephalosporin resistance, and clinicians need to be aware of how these changes affect the choice of antibiotic therapy. Until pneumococcal disease can be effectively prevented, we can expect resistant pneumococcal infections to continue to pose therapeutic difficulties.
Aminated poly(L-histidine) as new pH-sensitive DNA carrier (2004)

The endosomal escape of the polyion complex between DNA and polycation is one of important factors for efficient gene expression. Here we have examined whether the poly(L-histidine) with several aminoethyl groups, i.e., aminated poly(L-histidine), possessed the pH-sensitive properties as DNA carrier. The polyion complex formation of the aminated poly(L-histidine) with DNA was affected by the endosomal pH of the medium, leading to significant transfection activity.
Poor results after nerve grafting in the upper extremity: Quo vadis? (2005)

The clinical success of peripheral nerve grafting in the upper extremity was evaluated retrospectively in 41 patients. This study comprises a 10-year follow-up in a single institution. Donor and acceptor site morbidity as well as functional nerve recovery were evaluated. Thirty-one men and 10 women were included. Autologous nerve grafts were used for reconstruction of digital nerves in 17 patients, ulnar nerves in 12 patients, median nerves in 10 patients, radial nerve in 1 patient, and both the radial and median nerve in 1 patient. The length of nerve grafts ranged from 1-12.5 cm (mean, 4.8 cm). The follow-up period ranged from 18 months to 10 years. Acceptor site-related problems were noted in 51%% (n = 21) of patients. Donor-site morbidity was seen in 4 patients (10%%). The return of function was scored as "good" in 3 (7%%), "fair" in 11 (27%%), and "bad" in 27 (66%%) patients. The outcome of autologous nerve grafts in this small group of patients treated by several surgeons was unfavorable in terms of function. Recent experimental and clinical studies with biodegradable nerve guides for the repair of peripheral nerve gaps showed superior results in comparison to classic nerve grafts.
Network intrusion detection using feature selection and Decision tree classifier (2008)

Security of computers and the networks that connect them is increasingly becoming of great significance. Machine learning techniques such as Decision trees have been applied to the field of intrusion detection. Machine learning techniques can learn normal and anomalous patterns from training data and generate classifiers that are used to detect attacks on computer system. In general the input to classifiers is in a high dimension feature space, but not all features are relevant to the classes to be classified. Feature selection is a very important step in classification since the inclusion of irrelevant and redundant features often degrade the performance of classification algorithms both in speed and accuracy. In this paper, we have considered three different approaches for feature selection, Chi square, Information Gain and ReliefF which is based on filter approach. A comparative study of the three approaches is done using decision tree as classifier. The KDDcup 99 data set is used to train and test the decision tree classifiers.
Investigation of rejuvenation of fatigue damage in Ti--6Al--4V. Interim report, 1 January 1976--15 March 1977 (1977)

The feasibility of restoring the fatigue properties of fatigue-damaged Ti--6Al--4V by using hot isostatic processing (HIP) was investigated. Ti--6Al--4V specimens in the beta solution treated and over-aged condition were fatigue damaged to two levels of damage: just before crack initiation and after crack initiation. The fatigue specimens were coated with a Ti--6Al--4V coating after damaging to isolate the surface cracks from the HIP atmosphere and cause them to be closed during HIP. Metallographic examination showed the cracks were not all bridged by the coating and these unbridged cracks did not close-during HIP. Evidence was obtained to indicate the fatigue cracks which were bridged by the coating could be closed and bonded under appropriate conditions. The results of the fatigue damage, coating and HIP experiments indicated that the total fatigue life of fatigue damaged specimens could be extended by coating and HIP, including specimens having surface fatigue cracks. Although the feasibility of the process has been demonstrated, further work to explore other coating procedures and more extensive fatigue testing is required to define the full potential and limitations of the process.
Dose Finding Study for the Use of Subcutaneous Recombinant Interleukin-2 to Augment Natural Killer Cell Numbers in an Outpatient Setting for Stage 4 Neuroblastoma After Megatherapy and Autologous Stem-Cell Reinfusion (2010)

The low toxicity profile and ability to sustain an increase in NKCs of IL-2 at 6 × 10(6) U/m(2) SC allows its integration in an outpatient setting.
DNA inoculation induces protective in vivo immune responses against cellular challenge with HIV-1 antigen-expressing cells. (1994)

Direct DNA inoculation induces immune responses through the delivery of nonreplicating transcription units that drive the synthesis of specific foreign proteins within the inoculated host. These proteins are processed within host cells and through association with relevant MHC antigens that can become the subject of immune surveillance and elicit immune responses against pathogens. Direct introduction of DNA into mice has been reported to be antigenic as demonstrated by the use of this technique to develop immune responses against human growth hormone, influenza proteins, as well as HIV-1 proteins. Most recently the demonstration of the use of this technology to produce anti-HIV-1 immune responses has been reported in nonhuman primates. Accordingly a more detailed analysis of this technology could generate important insight into the generality of this approach for immune therapy or vaccine design. In this article we further our investigation of direct DNA inoculation as a tool for induction of relevant immune responses against HIV-1 in vivo. We demonstrate expression of HIV-1 antigens in the inoculated muscle of animals. Inoculated animals demonstrate significant cytotoxic T cell responses against HIV-1 antigen-expressing targets. Furthermore, using a novel challenge system, we demonstrate that the majority of immunized animals can reject lethal, HIV-1 antigen-expressing cell challenge in an antigen-specific manner. This technology has relevance for the development of immunization strategies against HIV as it provides for specific antigen production in vivo without the use of infectious agents.
Cortical changes in motor preparation facilitate changes in motor execution following an intervention in severe chronic hemiparetic stroke (2019)

Effective interventions have demonstrated the ability to improve motor function by reengaging ipsilesional resources, which has been shown to be critical and feasible for hand function recovery even in individuals with severe chronic stroke. However, previous studies focus on changes in brain activity related to motor execution. How changes in motor preparation may facilitate these changes at motor execution is still unclear. In order to address this question, we had 8 individuals with severe chronic hemiparetic stroke participate in a device-assisted intervention. We then quantified changes in both coupling between regions during motor preparation and changes in topographical cortical activity at motor execution for both the hand in isolation and together with the shoulder using high density EEG. We hypothesized that intervention-induced changes in cortico-cortico interactions during motor preparation would lead to changes in activity at motor execution specifically towards an increased reliance on the ipsilesional hemisphere. We found that, following the intervention, individuals displayed a reduction in coupling from ipsilesional M1 to contralesional M1 within gamma frequencies during motor preparation for hand opening. This was followed by a reduction in activity in the contralesional primary sensorimotor cortex during motor execution. Meanwhile, during lifting and opening, a shift to inhibitory coupling within ipsilesional M1 from gamma to beta frequencies was accompanied by an increase in ipsilesional primary sensorimotor cortex activity following the intervention. Together, these results show that intervention-induced changes in coupling within or between motor regions during motor preparation lead to corresponding changes in focal cortical activity at execution.
N‐alkoxy pyridinium ion terminated polystyrenes: A facile route to photoinduced block copolymerization (2006)

Abstract Photoactive N ‐alkoxy 4‐phenyl pyridinium and N ‐alkoxy isoquinolinium ion terminated polystyrenes with hexafluoroantimonate counter anion were prepared and characterized. For this purpose, mono‐ and dibrominated polystyrenes were prepared by atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP). The reaction of these polymers with silver hexafluoroantimonate in the presence of 4‐phenylpyridine N ‐oxide and isoquinoline N ‐oxide in dichloromethane produced desired polymeric salts with the corresponding functionalities. Irradiation of these photoactive polystyrenes produced alkoxy radicals at chain ends capable of initiating free radical polymerization of methyl methacrylate (MMA). This way, depending on the number of functionality, AB or ABA type block copolymers were formed which were characterized with the aid of gel permeation chromatography and 1 H NMR spectroscopy. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 45: 423–428, 2007.
Petrophysical evaluation of the Lower Permian formation as a potential reservoir for CO2 - EGS – Case study from NW Poland (2022)

Petrophysical evaluation of the Lower Permian formation was performed on the basis of the results of laboratory tests of rocks including pore space investigations using the Mercury Injection Capillary Pressure (MICP) method, the pore space saturation measurements by the Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) method, and measurements of the thermal conductivity coefficient by FOX series heat flow meters based on the one-dimensional Fourier equation. Three types of rocks: sandstones, conglomerates and effusive, sampled from the Ośno IG-2 well located in the Gorzów Block (NW part of Poland) were analysed. 42 core samples from the depth interval of 3212–3659 m bgl were tested. The results provide a wide range of information about the sample, primarily such parameters as pore size distribution, effective porosity and permeability, bulk density, sketal density, and thermal conductivity. The aim of the study was to determine the relevance of Lower Permian formation as a geothermal reservoir for CO2 – EGS - Enhanced Geothermal Systems, which use carbon dioxide instead of water as working medium. Although worldwide research on such systems has been going on for many years, so far it has not been realized on a commercial scale. Moreover, to date there are no EGS installations in Poland. The ongoing research aims to bring the construction of the first pilot installation in Poland closer. Effusive rocks were characterized by lower value differentiation and relatively high lambda values (average 1.77–1.81 W/mK for dry samples, 2 W/mK for fully saturated and 2.1 W/mK for a mixture of water and CO2), average effective porosity of 7.92% and permeability of 0.055 mD. Sandstones have the highest thermal conductivity values (1.87 W/mK at 20 °C, 1.87 W/mK at 50 °C, 1.82 W/mK at 100 °C and 1.79 W/mK at 150 °C), average effective porosity 5.56%, and permeability of 0.133 mD. For the conglomerates, the lowest values of thermal conductivity were obtained (average value for water-saturated sample equal 1.7 W/mK and for dry sample 1.4 W/mK). The average value of effective porosity for conglomerates is 7.66% and the permeability is 0.141 mD. The results indicate that the studied rocks have suitable parameters as a geothermal reservoir for CO2-EGS, especially effusive rocks. These parameters are similar to those of reservoir rocks for the EGS installation in Groß Schönebeck, as well as all types of rocks are classified primarily as petrothermal EGS.
Ventilatory Inhomogeneity Associated with Acute Bronchoconstriction in Asthmatic Patients (1985)

Ventilation inhomogeneity was assessed in asthmatic subjects before and after antigen-induced bronchoconstriction and bronchodilator administration. As an index of inhomogeneous distribution of inspired air, the mean dilution number (the ratio of the first to zero moments) was calculated from each multibreath nitrogen washout during spontaneous breathing. This index was compared to plethysmographic, spirometric, and lung volume indices. In the baseline state, a weak relationship existed between the mean dilution number (MDN) and indices of mechanical abnormality, FEV1/FVC and SRAW. Antigen-induced bronchoconstriction led to increases in the MDN, SRAW, and RV/TLC, and a decrease in FEV1/FVC. The reverse effects were found by administering bronchodilators. No statistically significant correlations were found between changes in MDN and changes in the other indices of pulmonary function. Thus, the maldistribution of inspired air resulting from acute bronchoconstriction cannot be quantified from common indices of pulmonary function.
Error sources in the determination of the refractive index of air (1989)

Sources of error in the determination of the refractive index of air using optical techniques have been identified.
Tattoo Removal Using the Alexandrite Laser (1994)

The alexandrite laser is a safe and effective treatment modality for removal of black and blue-black tattoo pigment.
Rapid Expression and Purification of 100 nmol Quantities of Active Protein Using Cell-Free Protein Synthesis (2004)

Two strategies for ATP regeneration during cell-free protein synthesis were applied to the large-scale production and single-column purification of active chloramphenicol acetyl transferase (CAT). Fed-batch reactions were performed on a 5-10 mL scale, approximately 2 orders of magnitude greater than the typical reaction volume. The pyruvate oxidase system produced 104 nmol of active CAT in a 5 mL reaction over the course of 5 h. The PANOx system produced 261 +/- 42 nmol, about 7 mg, of active CAT in a 10 mL reaction over the course of 4 h. The reaction product was purified to apparent homogeneity with approximately 70% yield by a simple affinity chromatography adsorption and elution. To our knowledge, this is the largest amount of actively expressed protein to be reported in a simple, fed-batch cell-free protein synthesis reaction.
Regular Paper : Enhancement of the Surface Smoothness of Cu Ribbon for Solar Cell Modules (2015)

We studied the relationship between the surface smoothness of the internal Cu ribbon and the morphology of the Sn-Pb plating layer for solar cell modules. A bumpy surface was observed on the surface of the solar ribbon, which caused irregular reflection of light. Large, Pb-rich, primary α-phases were found below the convex surface of the solar ribbon, passing from the surface of the internal Cu ribbon to the surface of the plating layer. The primary α-phases heterogeneously nucleated on the convex surface of the Cu ribbon, and then largely grew to the convex surface of the plating layer. The restriction of the primary α-phase``s formation was enabled by enhancing the smoothness of the Cu ribbon``s surface; it was also possible to increase the adhesive strength and decrease contact resistance. We confirmed that the solar ribbon``s surface smoothness depends on the internal Cu ribbon``s surface smoothness.
Arbitrary Partial FEXT Cancellation in Adaptive Precoding for Multichannel Downstream VDSL (2012)

In this paper, we present and analyze a simplified, adaptive precoder for arbitrary partial far-end cross talk (FEXT) cancellation in the downstream of multichannel VDSL. The precoder is based on error signal feedback and is computationally efficient. Furthermore, the partial precoding makes it possible to operate the precoder at any desired complexity, and the system's performance increases with any increase in system complexity. Unlike previous works, in which each user experienced either complete FEXT cancellation or no cancellation at all, the presented precoder can mitigate the FEXT from any desired subset of interfering users for each user. We derive sufficient conditions for convergence of the adaptive precoder, for any partial cancellation scheme, and provide closed form steady state error analysis. The precoder's performance and convergence properties are also demonstrated through simulations.
Adaptive Feedback Cancellation With Band-Limited LPC Vocoder in Digital Hearing Aids (2010)

Feedback oscillation is one of the major issues with hearing aids. An effective way of feedback suppression is adaptive feedback cancellation, which uses an adaptive filter to estimate the feedback path. However, when the external input signal is correlated with the receiver input signal, the estimate of the feedback path is biased. This so-called “bias problem” results in a large modeling error and a cancellation of the desired signal. This paper proposes a band-limited linear predictive coding based approach to reduce the bias. The idea is to replace the hearing-aid output with a synthesized signal, which sounds perceptually the same as or similar to the original signal but is statistically uncorrelated with the external input signal at high frequencies where feedback oscillation usually occurs. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm can effectively reduce the bias and the misalignment between the real and the estimated feedback path. When combined with filtered-X adaptation in the feedback canceller, this approach reduces the misalignment even further.
Characteristics of Apple, Persimmon, and Strawberry Slices Dried with Maltodextrin (2009)

Apple, persimmon, and strawberry slices were dehydrated after treating with 30, 50, and 80% (w/w) maltodextrin solution. The dried apple, persimmon, and strawberry slices were compared with hot air-dried and freeze-dried samples in terms of rehydration ratio, ascorbic acid, color, and sensory evaluation. The rehydration ratio of maltodextrin-treated samples was greater than that of hot-air or freeze-dried samples. Maltodextrin-treated samples had higher content of ascorbic acid than other dried samples. Additionally, maltodextrin-treated apple, persimmon, and strawberry slices had better color and sensory evaluations than those of freeze-dried or hot-air dried samples. These results suggest that, compared to other drying methods, dehydration of apple, persimmon, and strawberry slices using maltodextrin is very efficient, resulting in good rehydration capacity, minimal destruction of ascorbic acid, and good color and sensory evaluation.
West Nile virus in California, 2003–2018: A persistent threat (2020)

The California Arbovirus Surveillance Program was initiated over 50 years ago to track endemic encephalitides and was enhanced in 2000 to include West Nile virus (WNV) infections in humans, mosquitoes, sentinel chickens, dead birds and horses. This comprehensive statewide program is a function of strong partnerships among the California Department of Public Health (CDPH), the University of California, and local vector control and public health agencies. This manuscript summarizes WNV surveillance data in California since WNV was first detected in 2003 in southern California. From 2003 through 2018, 6,909 human cases of WNV disease, inclusive of 326 deaths, were reported to CDPH, as well as 730 asymptomatic WNV infections identified during screening of blood and organ donors. Of these, 4,073 (59.0%) were reported as West Nile neuroinvasive disease. California's WNV disease burden comprised 15% of all cases that were reported to the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention during this time, more than any other state. Additionally, 1,299 equine WNV cases were identified, along with detections of WNV in 23,322 dead birds, 31,695 mosquito pools, and 7,340 sentinel chickens. Annual enzootic detection of WNV typically preceded detection in humans and prompted enhanced intervention to reduce the risk of WNV transmission. Peak WNV activity occurred from July through October in the Central Valley and southern California. Less than five percent of WNV activity occurred in other regions of the state or outside of this time. WNV continues to be a major threat to public and wild avian health in California, particularly in southern California and the Central Valley during summer and early fall months. Local and state public health partners must continue statewide human and mosquito surveillance and facilitate effective mosquito control and bite prevention measures.