gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Joint quantization and dithering of color images (2002)

Quantization and dithering operations are generally performed sequentially: first quantization and then, dithering. The latter is aware of the former. Dithering manipulates the quantization error to hide it. The same can not be said about the quantizer. The quantizer often works to minimize the quantization error without regard to the fact that the results will be changed by the ditherer. We aim to increase the overall image quality by designing the quantizer in such a way that better results will be obtained after dithering.
Synthesis and analysis of a methyl ether derivative of tetracycline which inhibits growth of Escherichia coli. (2002)

Tetracycline is a widely used broad spectrum antibiotic. A derivative of tetracycline was synthesized by methylation (-CH3) of the phenolic hydroxyl group, with the use of diazomethane (CH2N2). A methyl ether group is then formed from the reaction with diazomethane, which replaces the hydroxyl group. The newly formed derivative has reduced hydrogen bonding capability relative to the unmodified tetracycline. An infrared spectra shows the appearance of the ether group on the derivative and the Log P calculations indicate that the derivative has increased lipophilic tendency. The Lipophilic Substituent Constant calculated for the tetracycline derivative is 0.46, indicating a lipophilic substituent. The tetracycline derivative was soluble in aqueous solvents and was stable for more than five weeks when stored at < or = 0 degrees C. The derivative was placed in tissue culture utilizing Luria-Bertani (LB) media, at a concentration of 12.0 microg/mL and inhibited the growth of E. coli (XL-1 blue) from 15% to 20% within the initial sixteen hours.
Structural and Chemical Changes to CH3NH3PbI3 Induced by Electron and Gallium Ion Beams (2018)

Organic-inorganic hybrid perovskites, such as CH<sub>3</sub> NH<sub>3</sub> PbI<sub>3,</sub> have shown highly promising photovoltaic performance. Electron microscopy (EM) is a powerful tool for studying the crystallography, morphology, interfaces, lattice defects, composition, and charge carrier collection and recombination properties at the nanoscale. Here, the sensitivity of CH<sub>3</sub> NH<sub>3</sub> PbI<sub>3</sub> to electron beam irradiation is examined. CH<sub>3</sub> NH<sub>3</sub> PbI<sub>3</sub> undergoes continuous structural and compositional changes with increasing electron dose, with the total dose, rather than dose rate, being the key operative parameter. Importantly, the first structural change is subtle and easily missed and occurs after an electron dose significantly smaller than that typically applied in conventional EM techniques. The electron dose conditions under which these structural changes occur are identified. With appropriate dose-minimization techniques, electron diffraction patterns can be obtained from pristine material consistent with the tetragonal CH<sub>3</sub> NH<sub>3</sub> PbI<sub>3</sub> phases determined by X-ray diffraction. Radiation damage incurred at liquid nitrogen temperatures and using Ga<sup>+</sup> irradiation in a focused ion beam instrument are also examined. Finally, some simple guidelines for how to minimize electron-beam-induced artifacts when using EM to study hybrid perovskite materials are provided.
Experimental assessment of Distance Measuring Equipment and Tactical Air Navigation interference on GPS L5 and Galileo E5a frequency bands (2012)

This paper will provide an experimental assessment of Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) receiver operations under interference generated by other Aeronautical Radio Navigation Systems (ARNS) such as Distance Measuring Equipment (DME) and Tactical Air Navigation (TACAN) transmitting within the GPS L5 and Galileo E5a frequency bands. In detail, results in terms of C/N <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0</sub> degradation and error on the pseudorange measurements will be presented. Afterwards, an innovative interference mitigation technique will be introduced and its benefits against the aviation interference environment considered, will be assessed at receiver level by means of software implementation and simulation. Finally, a quick analysis of the potential DME/TACAN interference impact on GNSS receiver in demodulating the Space Based Augmentation System (SBAS) navigation messages, will be described.
DETECTION OF HLA-SPECIFIC IGG ANTIBODIES USING SINGLE RECOMBINANT HLA ALLELES (2000)

This study demonstrates that the mono-LISA method for HLA antibody detection is valid. Because this has the potential to reduce the work involved in screening sensitized patients awaiting transplantation for HLA antibodies, resources aimed at increasing the number of constructed monomers would be well targeted.
S114033 Microscopic Structural Analysis of Several Kinds of Lubricants under Hydrostatic Pressure Using Synchrotron X-ray Diffraction (2013)

The microscopic structure of lubricants has received much attention recently because of its great influence on the tribological properties of the sliding surface under lubrication conditions, especially under elastohydrodynamic ones. As is well known, the structure of a conventional lubricating oil transforms into a quasi-solid structure under high pressure, as occurs in continuously variable transmission mechanics, for example. Past studies have focused mainly on the macro-characteristics of lubricants under high pressure, such as their viscosity and bulk modulus. However, the relationship between the microscopic structure of lubricants and its tribological properties is still unclear. In this study, synchrotron X-ray diffraction was applied for several kinds of lubricants under hydrostatic pressure. The experimental results proved that the penta-phenyl ether synthetic oil did not transform to solid state under hydrostatic pressure, up to 1.55 GPa at least. However, the change in the pair distribution functions revealed that the regularity of the atomic arrangement and orientation became higher as the hydrostatic pressure increased.
Up‐regulation of MDA‐BF‐1, a secreted isoform of ErbB3, in metastatic prostate cancer cells and activated osteoblasts in bone marrow (2004)

Prostate cancer (PCa) has a propensity to metastasize to bone. The identification of molecules that mediate the biological interactions between PCa cells and the bone environment is crucial to the understanding of PCa bone metastasis. The present study has used protein purification to identify bone metastasis-related factors present in bone marrow aspirates from PCa patients with bone metastasis. MDA-BF-1 was the first bone metastasis factor to be identified and is a secreted isoform of the ErbB3 growth factor receptor. To determine which cell types in PCa bone metastases express MDA-BF-1, MDA-BF-1 expression was studied in both primary and metastatic PCa cells, using an antibody to the extracellular domain (Ab10) and another to the cytoplasmic domain (RTJ.2) of ErbB3 to distinguish MDA-BF-1 from p180-ErbB3. It was found that epithelial cells in primary PCa did not express MDA-BF-1. In contrast, epithelial cells in 41 of 45 PCa metastases (18 of 19 lymph node metastases and 23 of 26 bone metastases), and activated osteoblasts in bone metastases, expressed MDA-BF-1. In addition, newly formed bone matrices adjacent to activated osteoblasts were also immunopositive for MDA-BF-1, suggesting that activated osteoblasts secrete MDA-BF-1. These observations indicate that MDA-BF-1 is up-regulated in metastatic PCa and raise the interesting possibility that MDA-BF-1 may play a role in the metastasis and progression of PCa, particularly in bone.
Optimization of multipoint phase retrieval in edge illumination X‐ray imaging (2021)

This work presents an analytical model describing the noise in the various contrast channels retrieved in edge illumination as a function of the illumination curve sampling. In particular, an optimal sampling scheme leading to minimum noise has been determined for the case where 3 or 5 sampling points are used, which represent two of the most common acquisition schemes. In addition, the correlation between noise in the different channels and the role of the number of points and exposure time have been also investigated. In general, our results suggest a series of procedures that should be followed in order to optimize the experimental acquisitions.
Speaking with many tongues (1975)

Article Free Access Share on Speaking with many tongues: some problems in modeling speakers of actual discourse Author: John H. Clippinger Teleos, Cambridge, MA Teleos, Cambridge, MAView Profile Authors Info & Claims TINLAP '75: Proceedings of the 1975 workshop on Theoretical issues in natural language processingJune 1975Pages 68–73https://doi.org/10.3115/980190.980214Published:10 June 1975Publication History 0citation195DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations0Total Downloads195Last 12 Months6Last 6 weeks1 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteeReaderPDF
A Steady Operation of n-Type Organic Thin-Film Transistors with Cyano-Substituted Distyrylbenzene Derivative (2009)

A novel n-type organic semiconductor, cyano-substituted distyrylbenzene derivative, 1,4-bis2-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]acrylonitorilebenzene, was synthesized by Knoevenagel condensation with aldehyde and acetonitrile derivatives. Fabricated thin-film transistors (TFTs) exhibited high electron field-effect mobility of 10-2–10-1 cm2 V-1 s-1, on/off current ratio of 6×105. Hysteresis-free n-type transport characteristics observed in this device promises a steady operation of organic logic circuit. Almost same TFT characteristic was observed even after 1 month storage in ambient condition. The findings indicate that the material has a good resistance to atmospheric oxidants.
Factors Affecting Potato Soft‐rot Resistance to Pectolytic Erwinia Species in a Tuber‐slice Assay (1995)

Abstract Potato‐tuber slices and small tubers of 12 cultivars were inoculated with isolates of Erwinia carotovora subsp. atroseptica (Eca), E. c. subsp. carotovora (Ecc) and E. chrysanthemi (Ech). Cultivar resistance was expressed as the mean diameter of the rotted‐tissue area. Grouping of the cultivars into classes of relatively high, intermediate or low resistance, was different after incubation in air in comparison to incubation under anaerobic conditions, and depended on the (sub‐)species of bacteria used. When compared to the effect of inoculation with different (sub‐)species, grouping of the cultivars was less affected by isolates within (sub‐)species. Cultivar grouping was hardly affected by site of inoculation, being either in the medullary tissue or in the cortex. In general, the results of experiments with either field‐grown seed tubers or glasshouse‐grown small tubers from 2 years were reproducible, except when tuber tissue was inoculated with Ech and incubated, aerobically, in which case cultivars only showed relatively small differences for resistance. Correlation coefficients between the results from slice and small‐tuber screenings were 0.71 and 0.64 for Eca and Ecc , respectively. This implies, some potential for applying the method in the early stages of potato‐breeding programmes. The results of this study show that soft‐rot resistance of clones to different pectolytic Erwinia spp. can be determined efficiently and reproducibly if the oxygen concentration during incubation is standardized.
Functional MRI and Response Inhibition in Children Exposed to Cocaine in utero (2009)

This study investigated the potential long-term effects of cocaine exposure on brain functioning using fMRI in school-aged children. The sample included 12 children with prenatal cocaine exposure and 12 non-exposed children (8-9 years old). Groups did not differ on IQ, socioeconomic status, or perinatal risk factors. A response inhibition task was administered during an fMRI scan using a 1.5-T MRI system. Task performance did not differentiate groups, but groups were differentiated by patterns of task-related brain activity. Cocaine-exposed children showed greater activation in the right inferior frontal cortex and caudate during response inhibition, whereas non-exposed children showed greater activations in temporal and occipital regions. These preliminary findings suggest that prenatal cocaine may affect the development of brain systems involved in the regulation of attention and response inhibition.
Selective Separation of 4,4’-Methylenedianiline, Isophoronediamine and 2,4-Toluenediamine from Enzymatic Hydrolysis Solutions of Polyurethane (2023)

The recycling of plastics such as polyurethane (PU) is a current challenge. The continuously increasing production volume and additionally growing end-of-life streams increase the urgency for solutions. Conventional recycling methods such as mechanical and chemical recycling are only economically and/or ecologically suitable to a limited extent. The three-step approach consisting of enzymatic PU decomposition, separation of amines (4,4’-methylenedianiline (MDA), isophoronediamine (IPDA), 2,4-toluenediamine (TDA)) and fermentation of the residual stream is a promising recycling concept. In this study, extraction methods for the separation of MDA and IPDA from an aqueous solution at neutral pH are developed. In addition, the influence of relevant PU hydrolysate components on the amine extraction is investigated. The results show that MDA can be efficiently separated using solvent extraction of 1-octanol. For IPDA separation, a reactive extraction with oleic acid as reactant is developed. The application of these two extraction methods to TDA shows extraction efficiencies of 52% to 86%. The other PU hydrolysate components adipic acid and selected salts have only a minor influence on the extraction efficiency. The diols ethylene glycol and 1,4-butanediol influence the equilibrium pH of IPDA extraction, raising it to higher values. For MDA, no influence of other PU hydrolysate components on the extraction efficiency can be observed. Since amines can have an inhibitory effect on microorganisms, toxicity experiments were carried out to determine the tolerable residual concentration of amines in the raffinate to avoid fermentation inhibition. Growth experiments with Pseudomonas putida KT240 show that MDA has an inhibitory effect at concentrations near the solubility limit, whereas IPDA does not affect growth.
A CA-repeat polymorphism close to the adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) gene offers improved diagnostic testing for familial APC. (1993)

Presymptomatic genetic testing for the presence of a mutant allele causing familial adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) has been difficult to perform effectively in the past because DNA markers surrounding the APC gene on chromosome 5q have not been very informative. We report results of genetic linkage studies on both research families and clinical families by using D5S346, a highly polymorphic dinucleotide (CA)-repeat locus 30-70 kb from the APC gene. Linkage analysis with this marker in a large APC pedigree showed an increase of at least 9.0 LOD units, in likelihood of linkage of the disease-causing allele to the APC locus, when compared with the highest LOD score attained with any other closely linked marker. When the first 14 APC families that requested genotypic analysis by the DNA Diagnostic Laboratory at the University of Utah were tested with D5S346, 20 of the 31 at-risk individuals were identified as either carriers or noncarriers of an APC-predisposing allele. We see this marker as an important tool for research studies and for the presymptomatic diagnosis of APC.
A morphological protocol and guide-list on uterine cervix cytology associated to Papillomavirus infection (2004)

The present study was designed to further assess the validity of the cytological description of morphological lesions said to be related to Papillomavirus (HPV) infections in senior women. The casuistic comprised 196 cervical smears from a group of women with no clinical or morphological evidence of neoplasia, collected simultaneously with samples submitted to detection of HPV DNA by PCR in a previous study. Three experienced cytologists studied each slide in two different conditions, with an interval of 20 months between them. The first approach was performed under routine laboratory standards, whereas the second was guided by a list of 16 well-defined parameters indicative of HPV-related cytological lesions. When suspicious cases of HPV-related alterations were grouped with positive cases, they showed on average: sensitivity of 25.5%, specificity of 84.4% and positive predictive value (PPV) of 26.8%. When suspicious cases were grouped with negative cases, sensitivity decreased, whereas specificity and PPV increased, as expected. In the second reading, which followed a "guide-list", a decrease in sensitivity was observed, contrasting with a sharp increase of positive predictive value. Among the 16 cytomorphological criteria tested, "koilocytosis", "mild koilocytosis" and "condylomatous parabasal cells" yielded the best predictive value for HPV DNA detection by PCR. In conclusion, despite the low sensitivity, cytopathologic assessment of cervico-vaginal smears leads to a highly specific diagnosis of HPV infection in menopausal women, with PPV of 91.0% when directed by a guide-list of well-defined morphologic criteria.
Getting away from simple muscle contraction as a mechanism of tension-type headache (1991)

Department of Neurology, Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, DK-2900 HellerupDenmark Accepted March 20, 1991.
Efecto de la separación por sexo en la respuesta productiva y composición de las canales de codorniz japonesa (Coturnix coturnix japonica) en engorde intensivo sacrificadas a diferentes edades (2012)

Para determinar el efecto de la separación por sexo en la respuesta productiva y composición de las canales de codorniz japonesa (Coturnix coturnix japónica) en engorde intensivo sacrificadas a los 32; 36 y 40 días (d) de edad. Para la respuesta productiva se utilizaron 300 codornices sexadas a los 14 d de edad, con base en un diseño de mediciones repetidas con un solo factor; para la composición de las canales se sacrificaron 36 codornices y los valores fueron analizados mediante análisis de covarianza con un diseño completamente al azar donde la covariable fue el peso al sacrificio. El consumo de alimento (474,6 g/ave), ganancia de peso (134,7 g/ave) y conversión alimenticia (3,53 g/g) fueron similares (P>0,05) entre sexos. El peso de la canal caliente fue superior en hembras a los 36 d de edad (143,6 vs. 127,3 g), sin embargo, los machos tuvieron 2,58; 0,9 y 3,4% más (P
Biochemical properties of different entomopathogenic fungi and their virulence againstChilo suppressalis(Lepidoptera: Crambidae) larvae (2014)

We determined the virulence of Beauveria bassiana, Metarhizium anisopliae, Isaria fumosoroseus and Lecanicilium lecanii against larvae of Chilo suppressalis Walker by bioassay and evaluated several enzymatic and non-enzymatic components. LC50 values of the entomopathogenic fungi revealed 90, 32, 45,000, 4600, 42,000 and 1,540,000 spores/larva for isolates BB1–BB3 of B. bassiana, I. fumosoroseus, M. anisopliae and L. lecanii, respectively. Isolate BB3 and I. fumosoroseus had the highest amounts of total protein and hydrophobin and isolates BB3 and M. anisopliae showed the highest activities of lipases and chitinases. In case of proteases, the highest activities were observed for Pr1 of BB1 and Pr2 of L. lecanii. The highest general esterase activities were obtained in I. fumosoroseus and BB1 when 1-naphtyl acetate and 2-naphtyl acetate were used as substrates. The highest activity of glutathione S-transferase (GST) was observed in I. fumosoroseus by using both reagents but BB1 demonstrated the highest activities of alkaline phosphatase and acid phosphatase. Clustering of the fungi using biochemical enzymes revealed BB2 and BB3 as a separate group of entomopathogenic fungi. In another group, I. fumosoroseus and L. lecanii had the most similarity and were separated from BB1 and M. anisopliae. The fungi exhibited different virulence on larvae of C. suppressalis by producing adhering protein and extracellular enzymes. Overall, results of the bioassays and clustering based on enzymatic activities revealed that isolate BB2 was the most effective fungus against larvae of C. suppressalis.
The synthetic peptide P111-136 derived from the C-terminal domain of heparin affin regulatory peptide inhibits tumour growth of prostate cancer PC-3 cells (2011)

Our results demonstrate that P111-136 strongly inhibits the mitogenic effect of HARP on in vitro and in vivo growth of PC-3 cells. This inhibition could be linked to a direct or indirect binding of this peptide to the HARP receptors (ALK, RPTPβ/ζ, nucleolin). In vivo, the P111-136 treatment significantly inhibits both the PC-3 tumour growth and the associated angiogenesis. Thus, P111-136 may be considered as an interesting pharmacological tool to interfere with tumour growth that has now to be evaluated in other cancer types.
Does Obesity Affect Outcomes of Treatment for Lumbar Stenosis and Degenerative Spondylolisthesis? Analysis of the Spine Patient Outcomes Research Trial (SPORT) (2012)

Obesity does not affect the clinical outcome of operative treatment of SpS. There are higher rates of infection and reoperation and less improvement from baseline in the SF-36 physical function score in obese patients after surgery for DS. Nonoperative treatment may not be as effective in obese patients with SpS or DS.
Extracellular Vesicles in Comorbidities Associated with Ischaemic Heart Disease: Focus on Sex, an Overlooked Factor (2021)

Extracellular vesicles (EV) are emerging early markers of myocardial damage and key mediators of cardioprotection. Therefore, EV are becoming fascinating tools to prevent cardiovascular disease and feasible weapons to limit ischaemia/reperfusion injury. It is well known that metabolic syndrome negatively affects vascular and endothelial function, thus creating predisposition to ischemic diseases. Additionally, sex is known to significantly impact myocardial injury and cardioprotection. Therefore, actions able to reduce risk factors related to comorbidities in ischaemic diseases are required to prevent maladaptive ventricular remodelling, preserve cardiac function, and prevent the onset of heart failure. This implies that early diagnosis and personalised medicine, also related to sex differences, are mandatory for primary or secondary prevention. Here, we report the contribution of EV as biomarkers and/or therapeutic tools in comorbidities predisposing to cardiac ischaemic disease. Whenever possible, attention is dedicated to data linking EV to sex differences.
Equivalent efficacy and reduced occurrence of diarrhea from a new formulation of amoxicillin/clavulanate potassium (Augmentin®) for treatment of acute otitis media in children (1997)

In comparison with the original formulation of Augmentin administered tid for 10 days in the treatment of AOM in children, the new formulation administered bid for 10 days provides at least equivalent efficacy and causes substantially less diarrhea. Administration for 5 days appears not to provide equivalent efficacy, but the difference appears limited to younger children and the margin of difference is small.