gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Exergy Analysis of a Reactive Distillation MTBE Unit (2001)

In this paper application of exergy analysis to the reactive distillation system of a Methyl TerButyl Ether (MTBE) production unit of a crude oil refinery is presented. In a refinery, the MTBE is obtained from methanol, and butanes (isobutylenes) produced in the fluidized catalytic cracking (FCC) unit. The reactives (isobutylenes) after purification are introduced to the main reaction system, the products of which are sent to the reactive distillation system to complete the reaction. A top rectification section, a bottom stripping section and a medium reaction section, compose the reactive column. The results of the exergy analysis of the unit indicate that the main exergy losses (about 63%) of the MTBE plant occur in the reactive distillation system, particularly in the distillation column itself and in its associated condenser. A detailed exergy analysis of the system, is presented in this paper. This paper was presented at the ECOS'00 Conference in Enschede, July 5-7, 2000
Clock skew scheduling for improved reliability via quadratic programming (1999)

This paper considers the problem of determining an optimal clock skew schedule for a synchronous VLSI circuit. A novel formulation of clock skew scheduling as a constrained quadratic programming (QP) problem is introduced. The concept of a permissible range, or a valid interval, for the clock skew of each local data path is key to this QP approach. From a reliability perspective, the ideal clock schedule corresponds to each clock skew within the circuit being at the center of the respective permissible range. However, this ideal clock schedule is nor practically implementable because of limitations imposed by the connectivity among the registers within the circuit. To evaluate the reliability, a quadratic cost function is introduced as the Euclidean distance between the ideal schedule and a given practically feasible clock schedule. This cost function is the minimization objective of the described algorithms for the solution of the previously mentioned quadratic program. Furthermore, the work described here substantially differs from previous research in that it permits complete control over specific clock signal delays or skews within the circuit. Specifically, the algorithms described here can be employed to obtain results with explicitly specified target values of important clock delays/skews with a circuit, such as for example, the clock delays/skews for I/O registers. An additional benefit is a potential reduction in clock period of up to 10%. An efficient mathematical algorithm is derived for the solution of the QP problem with O(r/sup 3/) run time complexity and O(r/sup 2/) storage complexity, where r is the number of registers in the circuit. The algorithm is implemented as a C++ program and demonstrated on the ISCAS'89 suite of benchmark circuits as well as on a number of industrial circuits. The work described here yields additional insights into the correlation between circuit structure and circuit timing by characterizing the degree to which specific signal paths limit the overall performance and reliability of a circuit. This information is directly applicable to logic and architectural synthesis.
A 9-16 GHz monolithic HEMT low noise amplifier with embedded limiters (2002)

A novel 9-16 GHz monolithic HEMT low noise amplifier with on-chip limiters has been designed, fabricated, and measured. This paper presents the design topology, the new fabrication technology, and the on-wafer measurements of this circuit. The limiter consists of one PIN diode and one Schottky diode. The low noise amplifier itself is a single stage balanced amplifier with one limiter embedded in each single-ended amplifier.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Development of a Durable, Reliable and Fast Responding Solenoid Valve (1983)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;A new solenoid operated valve has been developed which is compact, durable, reliable and fast operating. Different versions of the valve have been constructed for operating pressures of 2 bar to 100 bar. The valving mechanism is ball poppet and requires no spring. Additional design features include hardened seats, and close control of valve travel and air gap.&lt;/div&gt;
Discussões acerca da educação permanente e a sociedade contemporânea (2008)

As mais recentes producoes cientificas muito discutem a educacao contemporanea contextualizada a globalizacao capitalista neoliberal e quanto ao aproveitamento de todos os individuos no projeto coletivo. A globalizacao nao consiste, em si, num problema para os processos educacionais. O conceito de totalidade e, tambem, o aproveitamento de toda a sociedade em beneficio de cada individuo. Este artigo nao pretende mais uma vez revelar as mudancas que estao a vista de todos, nem repetir o destaque para a importancia da inclusao social. No seculo XXI, com tantas reconstrucoes paradigmaticas, e mister perceber as superacoes ja ocorridas nos tramites educacionais. Com tantas mudancas pragmaticas, e indispensavel pensar os meios de superacao ainda necessarios. Permite, este trabalho, a reflexao sobre as possibilidades que se encontram na proposta de uma permanente educacao.
New infectious spirochete isolated from short-tailed shrews and white-footed mice (1987)

A spirochete with two periplasmic flagella was isolated from the blood or tissues of spleens and kidneys from short-tailed shrews (Blarina brevicauda) and white-footed mice (Peromyscus leucopus) in Connecticut and Minnesota. After inoculation, the shrew-mouse spirochete infected Swiss mice and Syrian hamsters. This spirochete is morphologically and serologically distinct from the species of Treponema, Borrelia, Leptospira, and Spirochaeta examined.
Calibration techniques and datatype extraction for time-resolved optical tomography (2000)

This article describes the preprocessing and calibration methods currently applied to data acquired with the University College London multichannel time-resolved optical tomography system. We briefly outline the imaging system and describe the features of our experimentally collected data, sources of stochastic noise, and systematic errors. We examine two methods of calibrating data: “difference imaging” using two image data sets with and without the features of interest to produce an image, and “absolute imaging” using an independent calibration measurement. We describe the methods developed to apply each calibration to raw data. Although the difference imaging performed is found to produce images with fewer artifacts, analysis indicates that it will not be directly applicable for clinical applications. Also examined are the effects of using a two dimensional (2D) reconstruction scheme to produce images from measured data. For absolute imaging, artifacts are shown to dominate such images even in the case of a homogeneous third dimension. The feasibility of deriving an ad-hoc correction factor to allow the use of a 2D reconstruction for measured data is examined, and is shown to reduce artifact. Difference imaging is demonstrated to be more robust to such effects.
Bio-based antibacterial seed treatments to improve soil and plant health. Final Report. (2018)

The overall objective of this project was to perform a prove-of-concept study to develop bacteriophage-based seed treatments. In detail, the objectives were broken down as follows: 1) incorporate active bacteriophages into liquid polymeric seed coating formulations; 2) coat active bacteriophage in polymer solutions onto seeds; 3) test the protection of bacteriophage from the environment; 4) demonstrate that the seed treatments did not affect seed and seedling behavior; and 5) determine the efficacy of the treatment against soil-born and seed-borne bacterial diseases. This project was a new area of research for both investigators and required the hire of a new graduate student to focus their time on achieving the objectives. This student started in August 2016 which marked the start of the concentrated effort to achieve the project objectives.
Modular Microfluidic Filters Based on Transparent Membranes (2016)

We propose a new approach to the modular packaging of microfluidic components, in which different functional components are not only fabricated separately but are also designed to be individually removable for the purposes of replacement or subsequent analysis. In this paper, we demonstrate one such component: a stand-alone microfluidic filter that can be custom-fabricated and then connected, disconnected, and replaced on a microfluidic chip as needed. This filter is also designed such that particles captured on the filter can be further analyzed or processed directly on the filter itself—for example, for microscopic examination or cell culturing. The filter is a thin (1 μm) transparent silicon nitride membrane that can be designed and fabricated according to specifications for different applications. This material is suitable for microscale fabrication; filtration of a variety of solutions, including biological samples; and subsequent particle imaging and processing. The porous nature of the thin filter allows for particle separation under relatively low pressures, thus protecting the particles from rupture or membrane damage. We describe two methods for integrating the filter apparatus onto a microfluidic chip such that it can be inserted, removed, and replaced. To demonstrate the utility of this approach, we fabricated custom-designed silicon-based filters, incorporated them onto microfluidic systems then filtered microparticles and live cells from test solutions, and finally removed the filters to image the microparticles and culture the cells directly on the filter membranes.
Clinical Effectiveness of New Portable System for Measuring Spasticity of the Stroke Patients (2010)

Spasticity is a motor disorder characterized by a velocity dependent increase in muscle tone with exaggerated tendon jerks, resulting from hyper-excitability of the stretch reflex. The aim of this study is to develop a portable system for quantifying the grade of spasticity which could calculate the biomechanical as well as neurophysiologic parameters, and for determining the relationship between the Tonic Stretch Reflex Threshold (TSRT) and Modified Ashworth Scale (MAS). Eleven patients with stroke participated in the study (6 males and 5 females, the average age of years). As a results, the mean and standard deviation values of the TSRT were , and in the MAS 1, MAS 1+ and MAS 2 groups, respectively. Also, there was a negative correlation between the TSRT and MAS (rho=-0.72, p
(-)-Mitorubrinic acid, a morphogenic substance inducing chlamydospore-like cells, and its related new metabolite, (+)-mitorubrinic acid B, isolated from Penicillium funiculosum. (1985)

We previously showed that lunatoic acid A (LAA, 1), isolated from Cochliobolus lunatus as an aversion factor,1} induces chlamydo-
Impact of roundoff errors in LDPC decoding (2008)

In this paper the impact of roundoff mechanisms on the performance of message-passing LDPC decoding is studied. It is shown that finite word length introduces error by means of two mechanisms, each of which is analyzed. The impact and behavior of the two mechanisms are clarified by experimental results.
Faculty Opinions recommendation of Terlipressin plus Albumin for the Treatment of Type 1 Hepatorenal Syndrome. (2021)

BACKGROUND: The vasoconstrictor terlipressin is used for type 1 hepatorenal syndrome (HRS-1) in many parts of the world and is part of the clinical practice guidelines in Europe.METHODS: We conducted a phase 3 trial to confirm the efficacy and safety of terlipressin plus albumin in adults with HRS-1. The patients were randomly assigned in a 2:1 ratio to receive terlipressin or placebo for up to 14 days; in both groups, concomitant use of albumin was strongly recommended. The primary end point was verified reversal of HRS, defined as two consecutive serum creatinine measurements of 1.5 mg per deciliter or less at least 2 hours apart and survival without renal-replacement therapy for at least 10 days after the completion of treatment. Four prespecified secondary end points were analyzed with the Hochberg procedure to account for multiple comparisons.RESULTS: A total of 300 patients underwent randomization - 199 were assigned to the terlipressin group and 101 to the placebo group. Verified reversal of HRS was reported in 63 patients (32%) in the terlipressin group and 17 patients (17%) in the placebo group (P = 0.006). With respect to the prespecified secondary end points, HRS reversal, defined as any serum creatinine level of 1.5 mg per deciliter or less during the first 14 days, was reported in 78 patients (39%) in the terlipressin group and 18 (18%) in the placebo group (P< 0.001); HRS reversal without renal-replacement therapy by day 30, in 68 (34%) and 17 (17%), respectively (P = 0.001); HRS reversal among patients with systemic inflammatory response syndrome (84 patients in the terlipressin group and 48 patients in the placebo group), in 31 (37%) and 3 (6%), respectively (P< 0.001); and verified reversal of HRS without recurrence by day 30, in 52 (26%) and 17 (17%), respectively (P = 0.08). At day 90, liver transplantations had been performed in 46 patients (23%) in the terlipressin group and 29 patients (29%) in the placebo group, and death occurred in 101 (51%) and 45 (45%), respectively. More adverse events, including abdominal pain, nausea, diarrhea, and respiratory failure, occurred with terlipressin than with placebo. Death within 90 days due to respiratory disorders occurred in 22 patients (11%) in the terlipressin group and 2 patients (2%) in the placebo group.CONCLUSIONS: In this trial involving adults with cirrhosis and HRS-1, terlipressin was more effective than placebo in improving renal function but was associated with serious adverse events, including respiratory failure. (Funded by Mallinckrodt Pharmaceuticals; CONFIRM ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT02770716.).Copyright © 2021 Massachusetts Medical Society. PMID: 33657294
Calculation of temperature profiles and pressure drop in concentric three-phase HTS power cables (2017)

In recent years, many cities have faced an increasing power demand, while the space for urban cable channels is limited. Due to the low transmission losses at large power densities, high temperature superconducting (HTS) cables offer an increasingly attractive alternative to conventional cable solutions. HTS cables allow a simpler grid structure with less space for cable routing and lower overall cost in comparison to conventional cables. They require operation below critical values of temperature, current density and magnetic field strength of the superconductor. Since HTS materials lose their electrical resistance at temperatures close to the normal boiling point of liquid nitrogen, LN2 is a common coolant in many HTS applications. This work presents a differential equation model for three-phase concentric HTS cables, describing the temperature distribution in the various cable layers and in the liquid nitrogen flow. The model considers the AC losses in the superconducting phases in addition to the external thermal load, as well as pressure losses in the coolant flow. The integrity of the algorithm is verified through energy conservation, yielding negligible numerical solver errors. The final application study shows options for extending the cable length up to factor five, using a second cooling unit in combination with a mixed coolant.
XRP44X, an Inhibitor of Ras/Erk Activation of the Transcription Factor Elk3, Inhibits Tumour Growth and Metastasis in Mice (2016)

Transcription factors have an important role in cancer but are difficult targets for the development of tumour therapies. These factors include the Ets family, and in this study Elk3 that is activated by Ras oncogene /Erk signalling, and is involved in angiogenesis, malignant progression and epithelial-mesenchymal type processes. We previously described the identification and in-vitro characterisation of an inhibitor of Ras / Erk activation of Elk3 that also affects microtubules, XRP44X. We now report an initial characterisation of the effects of XRP44X in-vivo on tumour growth and metastasis in three preclinical models mouse models, subcutaneous xenografts, intra-cardiac injection-bone metastasis and the TRAMP transgenic mouse model of prostate cancer progression. XRP44X inhibits tumour growth and metastasis, with limited toxicity. Tumours from XRP44X-treated animals have decreased expression of genes containing Elk3-like binding motifs in their promoters, Elk3 protein and phosphorylated Elk3, suggesting that perhaps XRP44X acts in part by inhibiting the activity of Elk3. Further studies are now warranted to develop XRP44X for tumour therapy.
Synergy in N-ethylformamide dehydration by mixtures of molybdenum trioxide and antimony oxide (.alpha.-Sb2O4) (1987)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynergy in N-ethylformamide dehydration by mixtures of molybdenum trioxide and antimony oxide (.alpha.-Sb2O4)B. Zhou, S. Ceckiewicz, and B. DelmonCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1987, 91, 19, 5061–5067Publication Date (Print):September 10, 1987Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 10 September 1987https://doi.org/10.1021/j100303a036Request reuse permissionsArticle Views131Altmetric-Citations21LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (949 KB) Get e-Alerts
Detection of Protein-Protein Interactions among Lens Crystallins in a Mammalian Two-hybrid System Assay (2002)

alpha-Crystallin consists of two subunits, alphaA and alphaB, and each can form an oligomer by itself or with the other. The aggregation arises from interdomain interactions. However, it is not known whether such interactions also exist among alpha-, beta-, and gamma-crystallins. This heterogeneous crystallin interaction is far weaker than the homogeneous crystallin interaction and is difficult to detect by conventional spectroscopic measurements. We used a mammalian two-hybrid system in this study. The major crystallin components, alphaA-, alphaB-, betaB2-, and gammaC-crystallin genes, were subcloned into the DNA binding domain and transcription activation domain vectors of the two-hybrid system, and they were cotransfected along with a chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) reporter vector into HeLa cells. Chloramphenicol acetyltransferase activity indicated that there were interactions between alphaA- (or alphaB-) and betaB2- or gammaC-crystallins but with an intensity of one-third that of alphaA-alphaB interactions. Hsp27, a member of the family of the small heat-shock proteins, showed a similar interaction property with alphaB-crystallin. Using the N- and C-terminal domain-truncated mutants, we demonstrated that both domains were important in the alphaA-crystallin self-interaction, but that only the C-terminal domain was important in the alphaB-crystallin self-interaction. These results show that the two-hybrid system can detect interactions among various crystallins and may be used in mapping interaction domains.
Selective growth and optical properties of sputtered BaTiO3films (2000)

we report the growth of BaTiO3 thin films by standard Radio Frequency sputtering. Without any in situ or post annealing, these polycristalline films are oriented relative to the substrate even when it is amorphous. We show that this preferential orientation may be monitored using a DC Bias during the film growth. At room temperature, cubic films of (100) and (110) orientations have been achieved, on fused silica substrate. Some optical waveguiding properties of these films have been studied. The resulting film index is 2.26 and the optical step index at the substrate interface is sharp. This allows the use of standard RF sputtering techniques to monitor oriented BaTiO3 films for linear optical applications.
System and Transport Interface of SVC (2007)

Scalable video coding (SVC) and transmission has been a research topic for many years. Among other objectives, it aims to support different receiving devices, perhaps connected through a heterogeneous network structure, using a single bit stream. Earlier attempts of standardized scalable video coding, for example in MPEG-2, H.263, or MPEG-4 Visual, have not been commercially successful. Nevertheless, the Joint Video Team has recently focused on the development of the scalable video extensions of H.264/AVC, known as SVC. Some of the key problems of older scalable compression techniques have been solved in SVC and, at the same time, new and compelling use cases for SVC have been identified. While it is certainly important to develop coding tools targeted at high coding efficiency, the design of the features of the interface between the core coding technologies and the system and transport are also of vital importance for the success of SVC. Only through this interface, and novel mechanisms defined therein, applications can take advantage of the scalability features of the coded video signal. This paper provides an overview of the system interface features defined in the SVC specification. We discuss, amongst other features, bit stream structure, extended network abstraction layer (NAL) unit header, and supplemental enhancement information (SEI) messages related to scalability information.
A dynamic two-dimensional phantom for ultrasound hyperthermia controller testing (2001)

A new thin layer phantom for testing hyperthermia controllers has been constructed and evaluated using an ultrasound hyperthermia system. The phantom's thermal behaviour agrees with the characteristics of the Pennes' bio-heat transfer equation (BHTE). In particular, the experimental and theoretical results agree in the following ways. First, with respect to the power deposition: for a given power magnitude and scan radius, the shape of the temperature distribution across the phantom corresponds to the shape predicted by the BHTE and the experimental and theoretical temperature values agree closely; when the power magnitude is varied at a fixed scan radius, the average temperature of the phantom varies linearly with the applied power, and as the scan radius is varied at a fixed power magnitude, the average temperature increases with decreasing scan radius size. Secondly, with respect to perfusion: increasing or decreasing the flow rate over the phantom simulates an increase or decrease in the BHTE perfusion term, and the estimated perfusion values are dependent on flow rate only, and are not functions of power or geometry. The combination of these experimental and theoretical results validate the phantom's potential for testing feedback control systems, particularly for future use in the development and verification of model-based controllers. The use of this phantom should improve and accelerate the testing and evaluation of feedback control systems, and reduce the need for animal and human testing.