gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Concerted 2-5A-Mediated mRNA Decay and Transcription Reprogram Protein Synthesis in dsRNA Response (2018)

RNA degradation by RNase L during 2-5A-mediated decay (2-5AMD) is a conserved mammalian stress response to viral and endogenous double-stranded RNA (dsRNA). 2-5AMD onsets rapidly and facilitates a switch of protein synthesis from homeostasis to production of interferons (IFNs). To understand the mechanism of this protein synthesis reprogramming, we examined 2-5AMD in human cells. 2-5AMD triggers polysome collapse characteristic of a translation initiation defect, but translation initiation complexes and ribosomes purified from the translation-arrested cells remain functional. Using spike-in RNA-seq we found that basal messenger RNAs (mRNAs) rapidly decay, while mRNAs encoding IFNs and IFN-stimulated genes evade 2-5AMD and accumulate. The IFN evasion results from the combined effect of better mRNA stability and positive feedback amplification in the IFN response. Therefore, 2-5AMD and transcription act in concert to revamp the cellular mRNA composition. The resulting preferential accumulation of innate immune mRNAs establishes 'prioritized' synthesis of defense proteins.
A Reconfigurable Surface-Plasmon-Based Filter/Sensor Using D-Shaped Photonic Crystal Fiber (2022)

A reconfigurable surface-plasmon-based filter/sensor using D-shaped photonic crystal fiber is proposed. Initially a D-shaped PCF is designed and optimized to realize the highly birefringence and by ensuring the single polarization filter. A tiny layer of silver is placed on the flat surface of the D-shaped fiber with a small half-circular opening to activate the plasmon modes. By the surface plasmon effect a maximum confinement loss of about 713 dB/cm is realized at the operating wavelength of 1.98 µm in X-polarized mode. At this wavelength the proposed fiber only allows Y-polarization and filters the X-polarization using surface plasmon resonance. It is also exhibiting maximum confinement loss of about 426 dB/cm at wavelength 1.92 µm wavelength for Y-polarization. At this 1.92 µm wavelength the proposed structure attenuated the Y-polarization completely and allowed X-polarization alone. The proposed PCF polarization filter can be extended as a sensor by adding an analyte outside this filter structure. The proposed sensor can detect even a small refractive index (RI) variation of analytes ranging from 1.34-1.37. This sensor provides the maximum sensitivity of about 5000 nm/RIU; it enables this sensor to be ideally suited for various biosensing and industrial applications.
A methodology for assessing the thermal performance of low-sloped roofing systems (1986)

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Structure of Lithium Solid Electrolyte Thio-LISICON, Li3PS4 -Correction of Structure and Ion-conduction. (2008)

Abstract not Available.
Characterization of SH2−Ligand Interactions via LibraryAffinity Selection with Mass Spectrometric Detection (1996)

Synthetic combinatorial libraries have proven to be a valuable source of diverse structures useful for large-scale biochemical screening. Their use has greatly facilitated the study of protein-protein interactions. We have developed a practical technique for screening such libraries by integrating affinity chromatography selection with electrospray ionization mass spectrometric detection, referred to as library affinity selection-mass spectrometry (LAS-MS). The process allows for rapid and efficient screening of solution phase libraries and provides detailed information such as the relative affinities of substrates. The method is generally applicable to include nonpeptide libraries; moreover, electrospray tandem mass spectrometry (ES-MS/MS) yields sequence-specific identification of individual components without the need for chemical tags. This technique is demonstrated using the Src homology 2 (SH2) domain of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI 3-kinase). The critical importance of methionine in the position +3 (relative to the phosphotyrosine position) is demonstrated in a library built with a phosphotyrosine mimic, (phosphonodifluoromethyl)phenylalanine. The described method has broad applicability to combinatorial library screening.
Beta-endorphin activity and hypercapnic ventilatory responsiveness after marathon running (1989)

To investigate the hypothesis that endurance exercise may lead to a decrease in ventilatory chemosensitivity as possibly mediated by an increase in endogenous beta-endorphins, we measured hypercapnic ventilatory responsiveness (HCVR) and circulating beta-endorphin immunoreactivity in six runners before and after a marathon (42.2 km) race and after administration of 10 mg iv naloxone. Similar testing was performed at identical time periods on the day before the marathon as control data. On each occasion, HCVR was measured twice 15 min apart, and the mean value was used for analysis. Six active (training distance 50-104 km/wk) and experienced (no. of marathons completed, 1-25) runners participated in the study. There were no significant changes in beta-endorphin activity or HCVR on the control day. All runners experienced a rise in beta-endorphin activity from premarathon (21.3 +/- 16.0 pg/ml) to immediate postmarathon (89.6 +/- 84.9 pg/ml) values (P less than 0.05). However, HCVR showed no significant change at any of the three testing periods on the marathon day. To investigate whether a time delay may have affected the lack of response to naloxone, additional testing was performed in five subjects, except that 10 mg iv naloxone was given within 10 min after completion of the marathon, and then HCVR was measured. Although there was a greater than fourfold increase in beta-endorphin immunoreactivity after the marathon, there was no significant change in HCVR after naloxone administration. We conclude that natural increases in endogenous beta-endorphin activity associated with marathon running do not modulate central chemosensitivity.
Marine oils: metabolic effects and role in human nutrition (1993)

Marine oils are rich sources of eicosapentaenoic acid (20:5n-3;EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (22:6n-3;DHA). When consumed in small amounts they may contribute towards meeting a requirement for n-3 fatty acids and in larger amounts exert pharmacological effects and modify the requirements for other nutrients. Some fish oils, such as herring and mackerel, also contain substantial quantities of cetoleic (22:ln-11) and gadoleic (20: ln-11). These C20-22 monounsaturated fatty acids are oxidized by peroxysomal oxidation similar to erucic acid.
Determination of the length distribution of poly(A) at the 3′ terminus of the virion RNAs of EMC virus, poliovirus, rhinovirus, RAV-61 and CPMV and of mouse globin mRNA (1979)

Rapid, detailed, and accurate analysis of the length spectrum of 3' terminal poly(A) in an RNA population can be obtained by 3'-terminal 32P-labelling of RNA with T4 RNA ligase, digestion with ribonucleases T1 and A, and use of gel sequencing methods. Length distributions of 3'-terminal poly(A) of EMC virus, poliovirus, rhinovirus, RAV-61, and CPMV virion RNAs as well as mouse globin mRNA are presented.
NFAT3 and TGF-β/SMAD3 regulate the expression of miR-140 in osteoarthritis (2013)

This is the first study to provide evidence of a regulatory mechanism of miR-140 independent of WWP2, and new and differential roles for NFAT3 and SMAD3 in the OA process in the regulation of miR-140 transcription. Such knowledge could advance therapeutic strategies targeting OA.
Omni-directional Hyper Logic Programs in SILK and RIF. (2010)

Abstract. SILK is an expressive Semantic Web rule language and system equipped with scalable reactive higher-order defaults. We present two of its latest novel features. Omni rules are prioritized defeasible clauses that provide a higher-level expressive abstraction for users by making rules omni-directional. They handle multi-way conflicts. And they are soundly interoperable with FOL and W3C OWL as well as with RIF-BLD, SPARQL, and RDF. RIF-SILK is a new RIF dialect that extends RIF-BLD via RIF-FLD. 1 Introduction to SILK SILK 4 (Semantic Inferencing for Large Knowledge) is an expressive Semantic Web rule language and system equipped with scalable reactive higher-order defaults. The system includes capabilities for reasoning, knowledge interchange,
Energierückgewinnung mit MTP‐fähigem Volumenexpander (2023)

Abstract In einem gemeinsamen Projekt der Firmen Stumer, Avibia und Iotech wurde eine intelligente Dampfdruck‐Reduzierstation als Package Unit entwickelt, die hierbei abfallende Energie ins Stromnetz speist und sich dank einer standardisierten MTP‐Schnittstelle mit geringem Integrationsaufwand nachrüsten lässt.
Development of laser-based techniques forin situcharacterization of the first wall in ITER and future fusion devices (2013)

Analysis and understanding of wall erosion, material transport and fuel retention are among the most important tasks for ITER and future devices, since these questions determine largely the lifetime and availability of the fusion reactor. These data are also of extreme value to improve the understanding and validate the models of the in vessel build-up of the T inventory in ITER and future D-T devices. So far, research in these areas is largely supported by post-mortem analysis of wall tiles. However, access to samples will be very much restricted in the next-generation devices (such as ITER, JT-60SA, W7-X, etc) with actively cooled plasma-facing components (PFC) and increasing duty cycle. This has motivated the development of methods to measure the deposition of material and retention of plasma fuel on the walls of fusion devices in situ, without removal of PFC samples. For this purpose, laser-based methods are the most promising candidates. Their feasibility has been assessed in a cooperative undertaking in various European associations under EFDA coordination. Different laser techniques have been explored both under laboratory and tokamak conditions with the emphasis to develop a conceptual design for a laser-based wall diagnostic which is integrated into an ITER port plug, aiming to characterize in situ relevant parts of the inner wall, the upper region of the inner divertor, part of the dome and the upper X-point region. © 2013 IAEA, Vienna.
Fault Coverage Estimation for Non-Random Functional Input Sequences (2006)

Statistical stuck-at fault coverage estimation assumes that signals at primary inputs and at other internal gates of the circuit are statistically independent. While valid for random and pseudo-random inputs, this causes substantial errors in coverage estimation for input sequences that are functional and not random, as shown by experimental data presented in this paper. At internal gates, signal correlation due to fanout reconvergence, even for random input sequences, contributes to errors. A significantly improved coverage estimation algorithm is presented in this paper. First, during logic simulation we identify faults that are guaranteed to stay undetected by the applied vectors. Then, after logic simulation, we estimate the detection probabilities of the remaining faults. Compared to Stafan, the statistics gathered during logic simulation are modified in order to eliminate the non-random biasing of the input sequence. Besides the improved detection probabilities, a newly defined effective length (N <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">eff</sub> ) of the vector sequence corrects for the temporally correlated signals. Experimental results for ISCAS combinational benchmarks demonstrate validity of this approach
Projecting extended optical traps with shape-phase holography (2006)

We describe a method for projecting single-beam optical traps whose potential energy wells are extended along one-dimensional curves. This technique exploits shape-phase holography in which computer-generated phase-only diffractive optical elements are used to implement complex and amplitude-only holograms. The resulting optical traps can have specified intensity and phase profiles along their lengths and can extend along curves in three dimensions. We demonstrate the extended traps' operation and characterize their potential energy profiles through digital video microscopy of trapped colloidal spheres.
Evaluation de l'état hydrique d'un sol fin par méthodes électriques et électromagnétiques : application géotechnique (2008)

With respect to Geotechnics, and in particular earthworks, there is a need regarding the soil hydric state evaluation through methods which are non-destructive, effective and applicable to the site constraints. The use of electrical and electromagnetical methods from Applied Geophysics, which are integrated and quick to carry out, might answer to this need for soil characterising, levees and embankments monitoring and helping earthworks construction site. The laboratory studies on compacted soil specimens show that the effective electromagnetic parameters (electrical resistivity and dielectrical constant) are sensitive to soil state parameters, both gravimetric water content and dry density. This observation suggests that the combined use of electrical and electromagnetic methods could enable one to distinguish between the soil state parameters which are useful for geotechnics. The trends observed on controlled specimens are interpreted on the basis of a soil microstructural model constituted by clayed aggregates and the water distribution in soil. In order to apply the laws fromWith respect to Geotechnics, and in particular earthworks, there is a need regarding the soil hydric state evaluation through methods which are non-destructive, effective and applicable to the site constraints. The use of electrical and electromagnetical methods from Applied Geophysics, which are integrated and quick to carry out, might answer to this need for soil characterising, levees and embankments monitoring and helping earthworks construction site. The laboratory studies on compacted soil specimens show that the effective electromagnetic parameters (electrical resistivity and dielectrical constant) are sensitive to soil state parameters, both gravimetric water content and dry density. This observation suggests that the combined use of electrical and electromagnetic methods could enable one to distinguish between the soil state parameters which are useful for geotechnics. The trends observed on controlled specimens are interpreted on the basis of a soil microstructural model constituted by clayed aggregates and the water distribution in soil. In order to apply the laws from the laboratory, a further set of geophysical measurements are to be carried out on a test site at scale close to real site conditions but where the homogeneity, the geometry, the temperature, the compaction state and the water content are monitored. Further decametric test sites, at different soil sates, allow to evaluate the measurement tools sensitivity and to link up the results obtained from laboratory to real site ones. the laboratory, a further set of geophysical measurements are to be carried out on a test site at scale close to real site conditions but where the homogeneity, the geometry, the temperature, the compaction state and the water content are monitored. Further decametric test sites, at different soil sates, allow to evaluate the measurement tools sensitivity and to link up the results obtained from laboratory to real site ones.
Page placement in hybrid memory systems (2011)

Phase-Change Memory (PCM) technology has received substantial attention recently. Because PCM is byte-addressable and exhibits access times in the nanosecond range, it can be used in main memory designs. In fact, PCM has higher density and lower idle power consumption than DRAM. Unfortunately, PCM is also slower than DRAM and has limited endurance. For these reasons, researchers have proposed memory systems that combine a small amount of DRAM and a large amount of PCM. In this paper, we propose a new hybrid design that features a hardware-driven page placement policy. The policy relies on the memory controller (MC) to monitor access patterns, migrate pages between DRAM and PCM, and translate the memory addresses coming from the cores. Periodically, the operating system updates its page mappings based on the translation information used by the MC. Detailed simulations of 27 workloads show that our system is more robust and exhibits lower energy-delay2 than state-of-the-art hybrid systems.
House panel studies AAP-backed access proposal (1991)

AAP President Daniel Shea, M.D., and U.S. Rep. Robert Matsui (D-Calif.) told House leaders, Oct. 10, that an AAP-supported health insurance reform bill would give children and pregnant women the best chance for financial access to health care.

Testifying during the first of a series of congressional hearings on health care reform proposals before the U.S. House of Representatives Ways and Means Committee, Dr. Shea and Matsui outlined The Children and Pregnant Women's Health Insurance Act (H.R. 3393). Matsui introduced the bill in September. It aims to provide financial access to health insurance for all U.S. children and pregnant women.
ZerO Initialization: Initializing Neural Networks with only Zeros and Ones (2021)

Deep neural networks are usually initialized with random weights, with adequately selected initial variance to ensure stable signal propagation during training. However, selecting the appropriate variance becomes challenging especially as the number of layers grows. In this work, we replace random weight initialization with a fully deterministic initialization scheme, viz., ZerO, which initializes the weights of networks with only zeros and ones (up to a normalization factor), based on identity and Hadamard transforms. Through both theoretical and empirical studies, we demonstrate that ZerO is able to train networks without damaging their expressivity. Applying ZerO on ResNet achieves state-of-the-art performance on various datasets, including ImageNet, which suggests random weights may be unnecessary for network initialization. In addition, ZerO has many benefits, such as training ultra deep networks (without batch-normalization), exhibiting low-rank learning trajectories that result in low-rank and sparse solutions, and improving training reproducibility.
Faculty Opinions recommendation of Phytochrome regulates translation of mRNA in the cytosol. (2012)

An array of photoreceptors including cryptochromes, phototropin, and phytochromes regulates various light responses in plants. Among these photoreceptors, phytochromes perceive red and far-red light by switching between two interconvertible spectral forms (Pr and Pfr). The Pfr form promotes light responses partly by destabilizing negatively acting, phytochrome-interacting basic helix-loop-helix transcription factors (PIFs), thus modulating transcription in the nucleus. The Pfr form is also present in the cytosol. However, the role of phytochromes in the cytosol is not well understood. Here we show that the Pfr form interacts with the cytosolic protein PENTA1 (PNT1) and inhibits the translation of protochlorophyllide reductase (PORA) mRNA. PNT1 possesses five C3H-type zinc finger domains and displays similarity to various RNA binding proteins including Tristetraprolin, which regulates stabilities of mRNAs such as TNF-α mRNA in humans. Consistent with its function as an RNA binding protein, PNT1 directly binds to mRNA of a key chlorophyll biosynthetic gene, protochlorophyllide reductase in vivo and inhibits the translation of PORA mRNA in the presence of phytochromes. The present results demonstrate that phytochromes transmit light signals to regulate not only transcription in the nucleus through PIFs, but also translation in the cytosol through PNT1. PMID: 22232680
Quantitative Assessment of Cranial Defect Healing and Correlation with the Expression of TGF-β (2001)

Circular parietal defects from 3 to 12 mm in diameter were made in 45 6-month old skeletally mature guinea pigs, and animals were sacrificed after survival periods of 3 days to 12 weeks. The original defect was harvested in continuity with a rim of surrounding bone and the adjacent dura and pericranium. After 12 weeks, all 3 and 5 mm defects were completely covered by a bridge of bone, while residual defects were noted within the 8 and 12 mm wounds. Percentage of new bone formation was significantly higher within 3 mm defects, than in all larger defects at each time interval from 1 week on (P < .05), reaching a mean of 93% in 3 mm defects and remaining below a mean of 31% in the remaining defect sizes. Immunolocalization demonstrated an osteogenic front in which the osteoblasts stained strongly for all isoforms of TGF-beta, with the intensity decreasing after the majority of the defects had reossified; this front was located at the advancing bone edge of the defect as well as the endocranial side adjacent to the dura. In conclusion, isoforms of TGF-beta are upregulated during a limited "window" of time corresponding to the period of calvarial reossification, and are localized to osteoblasts within an osteogenic front at the periphery and dural surfaces of the defects.
Unifying Synergies between Self-supervised Learning and Dynamic Computation (2023)

Computationally expensive training strategies make self-supervised learning (SSL) impractical for resource constrained industrial settings. Techniques like knowledge distillation (KD), dynamic computation (DC), and pruning are often used to obtain a lightweightmodel, which usually involves multiple epochs of fine-tuning (or distilling steps) of a large pre-trained model, making it more computationally challenging. In this work we present a novel perspective on the interplay between SSL and DC paradigms. In particular, we show that it is feasible to simultaneously learn a dense and gated sub-network from scratch in a SSL setting without any additional fine-tuning or pruning steps. The co-evolution during pre-training of both dense and gated encoder offers a good accuracy-efficiency trade-off and therefore yields a generic and multi-purpose architecture for application specific industrial settings. Extensive experiments on several image classification benchmarks including CIFAR-10/100, STL-10 and ImageNet-100, demonstrate that the proposed training strategy provides a dense and corresponding gated sub-network that achieves on-par performance compared with the vanilla self-supervised setting, but at a significant reduction in computation in terms of FLOPs, under a range of target budgets (td ).
Impact of Magnitude and Percentage of Global Sagittal Plane Correction on Health-Related Quality of Life at 2-Years Follow-Up (2012)

Best HRQOL outcomes for ASD patients with severe sagittal plane deformity were obtained with a correction >120 mm for SVA and at least 66% of correction. Although lesser amounts of SVA correction yielded clinical improvement, the rate of MCID threshold improvement was not significantly different for mild or modest corrections. These results underline the need for complete sagittal plane deformity correction if high rates of HRQOL benefit are sought for patients with marked sagittal plane deformity.