gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Rapid Heating Concepts in Sintering (2013)

Powder metallurgy applied rapid heating to sintering starting year 1900. Since 1970 the study has intensified. Now rapid sintering concepts embrace a spectrum of options ranging from dunk cycles to microwave, induction, exothermic, electric field, and spark approaches. Most of the efforts are targeting reduced microstructure coarsening during sintering, although reduced material decomposition is another common goal. The efforts are impressive for simple shapes and success metrics such a small grain size after densification. Several barriers need to be removed prior to application in powder metallurgy commercial sintering. Rapid heating research needs to focus on significant property gains, accurate product dimensions, and lower costs. So far each property gain obtained with rapid heating is matched by traditional sintering and composition changes. Several examples are cited to show the goals for the next round of innovations.
Recent development of the mononuclear phagocyte system: in memory of Metchnikoff and Ehrlich on the 100th Anniversary of the 1908 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (2009)

Monocytes/macrophages are critical for both immunity and homoeostasis. They are the outposts of the immune system in detecting invading pathogens or foreign antigens for homoeostatic clearance and antigen processing for the initiation and effector stages of both innate and adaptive immunity. In addition, monocytes/macrophages often function as control switches for immune system balance between pro- and anti-inflammatory reactions. In the beginning of this article, I would like to briefly introduce the achievements of Metchnikoff and Ehrlich in immunology, including Metchnikoff's cell theory, since they have both greatly influenced the advancement of modern immunology. Additionally, I will honour the 100th anniversary of the 1908 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. Next, I would like to emphasize the concept of the MPS (mononuclear phagocyte system) by examining recent developments regarding the MPS. Thus the article consists of three parts. The first part describes the regulation of growth and differentiation in the MPS. The second part addresses how the key macrophage transcription factor gene PU.1 and the csf1r (colony-stimulating factor-1 receptor gene) play a critical role in haematopoietic myelopoiesis, or the generation of the cells of the MPS. The third part describes PMA-induced monocyte/macrophage differentiation and immune modulation of suppressor macrophages. Finally, this review discusses the latest findings and implications regarding the MPS and macrophages.
Structure and Electromagnetic Properties of Single-Crystalline Fe<SUB>3</SUB>O<SUB>4</SUB> Hollow Nanospheres (2014)

Magnetite (Fe3O4) hollow nanospheres with an average diameter of 300 nm and an average shell thickness of 40 nm were synthesized by a surfactant-free solvothermal reduction method, and their structure and electromagnetic (EM) properties were investigated. The Fe3O4 hollow nanospheres showed single-crystalline features along the [111] crystal growth direction and a ferrimagnetic behavior at room temperature. The Fe3O4 hollow nanosphere/paraffin composites exhibited a flatter response in the real complex relative permittivity (epsilon') and a lower value of -0.5 in the imaginary complex relative permittivity (epsilon") in comparison with other Fe3O4-based nanomaterials because of the enhanced electrical resistivity. Their imaginary complex relative permeability (mu") displayed a resonance peak at -4 GHz and a negative value up to -0.03 in the 17.2-18 GHz range due to the dissipation of EM energy in the cavity of the hollow nanospheres. Their reflection loss (RL) exceeded -10 dB from 3.1 to 10.1 GHz at a thickness of 2.6-5 mm and attended an optimal value of -43.5 dB at 4 GHz at 5 mm thickness as a result of an effective complementation between the dielectric and magnetic losses.
Analyzing powers inπ+p elastic scattering at intermediate energies (1985)

The analyzing power, ${A}_{N}$, has been measured for ${\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}$p elastic scattering at ${p}_{\ensuremath{\pi}}$=471, 547, 625, and 687 MeV/c on a transversely polarized target. The results are compared with three recent partial-wave analyses for the isospin (3/2) channel. The agreement with our data for all three analyses is good at 471 MeV/c and reasonable at 547 and 625 MeV/c. At 687 MeV/c two of the analyses show a sharp maximum near cos\ensuremath{\theta}=-0.4 which is not seen in the data. There is no indication in our data of the existence of new, narrow \ensuremath{\Delta} resonances.
Use of Intrathecally Administered Morphine in the Treatment of Postoperative Pain after Lumbar Spinal Surgery: A Prospective, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study (1991)

Abstract Improved control of postoperative pain is now known to reduce the incidence of morbidity. Although spinally administered narcotics have found a clear role in chest and abdominal surgery, their role in lumbar spinal surgery is debated. We conducted a prospective, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial of intrathecally administered morphine sulfate after lumbar spinal surgery in 56 patients. Patients received 0, 0.125, 0.25, or 0.5 mg of intrathecally administered morphine during extradural lumbar spinal operations, and the effects on postoperative analog pain scores, narcotic consumption, complications, and length of hospitalization were assessed. As compared with systemic narcotic administration, intrathecally administered morphine provided superior analgesia in a dose-dependent fashion without an increase in narcotic side effects. Consumption of parenteral narcotics on the first postoperative day and over the total hospitalization period decreased in correlation with increasing doses of intrathecally administered morphine. Mean length of hospitalization was significantly decreased, as compared with the control group, in patients receiving 0.25 or 0.5 mg of intrathecally administered morphine. When proper precautions are observed, intrathecally administered morphine can improve the postoperative care of patients undergoing lumbar spinal surgery.
Quantitative analysis of copper alloys by laser-produced plasma spectrometry (1995)

Laser-produced plasma spectrometry was applied to the determination of low iron, nickel and silver concentrations in copper alloys. A focused Nd: YAG laser beam was used to generate a plasma from copper targets in air at atmospheric pressure. The plasma temperature was obtained by using a Boltzmann plot of neutral iron lines. Calibration curves for iron, nickel and silver were produced. The precision ranged from 2 to 10% of the analyte concentration. The detection limits were 20, 10 and 1 µg g–1 for iron, nickel and silver, respectively.
ChemInform Abstract: BEDEUTUNG DER KONFORMATION BEI DER OZONOLYSE VON ACETALEN (1973)

Abstract Die Theorie, nach der nur ein Teil der möglichen Konformationen der Acetalfunktion gegenüber Ozon reaktionsfähig ist, wird am Beispiel verschiedener Reaktionen diskutiert.
Intelligent flight controllers for helicopter control (2002)

A methodology for design of an intelligent helicopter flight controller is presented in this paper. The methodology combines artificial neural network, genetic algorithms, conventional PID-controllers, and fuzzy logic algorithms in the design procedure. In this approach, the design of an intelligent controller is based on experimental data collected from actual helicopter flight and not based on analytical models. A neural network is trained to learn the dynamic characteristics of the helicopter. Based on the neural model, the coefficients of a PID-controller used for blade angle control are searched for using genetic algorithms. The main rotor speed controller is designed using fuzzy logic algorithm based on knowledge generated from understanding the aerodynamic theory and analyzing the helicopter experimental flight data. The intelligent helicopter flight controller is formed by combining the blade angle PID-controller and the rotor speed fuzzy controller. Simulation results showed that for desired altitude input H/sub d/, the intelligent controller was able to generate proper control signals for both the blade angle control and the rotor speed control. The helicopter model altitude output H/sub t/ follows the desired altitude input H/sub d/. The design procedures, theoretical background, results and conclusions are presented in this paper.
TheBradyrhizobium japonicum phoBgene is required for phosphate-limited growth but not for symbiotic nitrogen fixation (1998)

We identified by cloning and DNA sequence analysis the phosphate regulatory gene phoB of Bradyrhizobium japonicum. The deduced gene product displayed pronounced similarity to the PhoB protein of Sinorhizobium meliloti (71.4% identical amino acids). Escherichia coli (50.2%) and other bacterial species. Insertion of a kanamycin resistance cassette into phoB led to impaired growth of the B. japonicum mutant in media containing approximately 25 microM phosphate or less. A standard plant infection test using wild-type and phoB-defective B. japonicum strains showed that the phoB mutation had no effect on the symbiotic properties of B. japonicum with its soybean host plant.
Discovery of 4-Morpholino-6-aryl-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidines as Highly Potent and Selective ATP-Competitive Inhibitors of the Mammalian Target of Rapamycin (mTOR): Optimization of the 6-Aryl Substituent (2009)

Design and synthesis of a series of 4-morpholino-6-aryl-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidines as potent and selective inhibitors of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) are described. Optimization of the 6-aryl substituent led to the discovery of inhibitors carrying 6-ureidophenyl groups, the first reported active site inhibitors of mTOR with subnanomolar inhibitory concentrations. The data presented in this paper show that 6-arylureidophenyl substituents led to potent mixed inhibitors of mTOR and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase alpha (PI3K-alpha), whereas 6-alkylureidophenyl appendages gave highly selective mTOR inhibitors. Combination of 6-alkylureidophenyl groups with 1-carbamoylpiperidine substitution resulted in compounds with subnanomolar IC(50) against mTOR and greater than 1000-fold selectivity over PI3K-alpha. In addition, structure based drug design resulted in the preparation of several 6-arylureidophenyl-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidines, substituted in the 4-position of the arylureido moiety with water solubilizing groups. These compounds combined potent mTOR inhibition (IC(50) < 1 nM) with unprecedented activity in cellular proliferation assays (IC(50) < 1 nM).
A modified modular eigenspace approach to face recognition (2003)

We describe a method for face recognition based on the eigenimage technique that allows images to be represented by a limited set of parameters and be compared according to simple similarity criteria for classification or retrieval purposes. Our method is not applied to the whole image of the face, but to sub-images representing the most salient face components (eyes, nose, mouth). The method is able to recognise with good precision faces having different head postures on the image plane, because faces are straightened through a rotation transform. Moreover the paper reports results we have achieved with such a method on two publicly-available reference sets of images.
Optimal Transmission Ranges for Randomly Distributed Packet Radio Terminals (1984)

In multihop packet radio networks with randomly distributed terminals, the optimal transmission radii to maximize the expected progress of packets in desired directions are determined with a variety of transmission protocols and network configurations. It is shown that the FM capture phenomenon with slotted ALOHA greatly improves the expected progress over the system without capture due to the more limited area of possibly interfering terminals around the receiver. The (mini)slotted nonpersistent carrier-sense-multiple-access (CSMA) only slightly outperforms ALOHA, unlike the single-hop case (where a large improvement is available), because of a large area of "hidden" terminals and the long vulnerable period generated by them. As an example of an inhomogeneous terminal distribution, the effect of a gap in an otherwise randomly distributed terminal population on the expected progress of packets crossing the gap is considered. In this case, the disadvantage of using a large transmission radius is demonstrated.
Data from WWOX Inhibits Metastasis of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cells via Modulation of miRNAs (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a heterogeneous, highly aggressive, and difficult to treat tumor type. The tumor suppressor &lt;i&gt;WWOX&lt;/i&gt; spans FRA16D, a common fragile site that is commonly altered in breast cancer. Despite recent progress, the role of WWOX in TNBC metastasis is unknown. Here we report that WWOX inactivation correlates with advanced stages of TNBC and that its levels are frequently altered in TNBC cells. Ectopic restoration of WWOX in WWOX-negative TNBC cells inhibited metastasis while its depletion in WWOX-positive TNBC cells promoted metastasis. WWOX was a negative regulator of c-MYC, which regulated miR-146a expression and consequently fibronectin levels, contributing to an epithelial status of the cell. Treatment of TNBC cells with anti-miR-146a rescued the WWOX antimetastatic phenotype. Moreover, overexpression of MYC in WWOX-expressing TNBC cells overrode WWOX effects on miR-146a and fibronectin levels. Altogether, our data uncover an essential role for WWOX in antagonizing TNBC progression and highlight its potential use as a biomarker for metastasis.&lt;/p&gt;Significance:&lt;p&gt;These findings highlight the mechanism by which the tumor suppressor WWOX regulates metastasis of triple-negative breast cancer.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;i&gt;See related commentary by Sharma, p. 1746&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Broadband millimetre-wave PIN-diode attenuator with double-ridge waveguide flanges (1982)

The letter reports new results on a broadband fin-line PIN-diode attenuator furnished with double-ridge waveguide flanges. The full bandwidth capabilities of fin line can thus be utilised. The attenuation is adjustable between 2 and 35 dB over the entire frequency band from 18 to 40 GHz.
RE: EDITORIAL COMMENT ON CLINICOPATHOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF PROSTATIC ADENOCARCINOMA IN MEN WITH ATYPICAL PROSTATE NEEDLE BIOPSIES (1999)

No AccessJournal of UrologyClinical Urology: Letters to the Editor1 Jan 1999RE: EDITORIAL COMMENT ON CLINICOPATHOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF PROSTATIC ADENOCARCINOMA IN MEN WITH ATYPICAL PROSTATE NEEDLE BIOPSIES Kenneth A. Iczkowski Kenneth A. IczkowskiKenneth A. Iczkowski More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5347(01)62113-XAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail "RE: EDITORIAL COMMENT ON CLINICOPATHOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF PROSTATIC ADENOCARCINOMA IN MEN WITH ATYPICAL PROSTATE NEEDLE BIOPSIES." The Journal of Urology, 161(1), p. 231 References 1 : Atypical small acinar proliferation suspicious for malignancy in prostate needle biopsies. Clinical significance of 33 cases. Amer. J. Surg. Path.1997; 21: 1489. Crossref, Medline, Google Scholar 2 : Incidence of high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia in sextant needle biopsy specimens. Urology1997; 49: 367. Google Scholar 3 : The focus of “atypical glands, suspicious for malignancy” in prostatic needle biopsy specimens. Incidence, histologic features, and clinical follow-up of cases diagnosed in a community practice. Amer. J. Clin. Path.1997; 108: 633. Crossref, Medline, Google Scholar Department of Pathology; Reading Hospital and Medical Center; Reading, Pennsylvania 19612-6052© 1999 by American Urological Association, Inc.FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 161Issue 1January 1999Page: 231 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 1999 by American Urological Association, Inc.MetricsAuthor Information Kenneth A. Iczkowski More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF downloadLoading ...
Unshielded bent folded‐end dipole 9.4 T human head transceiver array decoupled using modified passive dipoles (2021)

While keeping the benefits of the passive dipole decoupling method, the new modified dipoles produce substantially less destructive interference with the RF field of the array than the common design. The constructed transceiver array demonstrated good decoupling and whole-brain coverage.
Mouse model of SARS-CoV-2 reveals inflammatory role of type I interferon signaling (2020)

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome- Coronavirus 2 (SARS-Cov-2) has caused over 5,000,000 cases of Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) with significant fatality rate.<sup>1-3</sup> Due to the urgency of this global pandemic, numerous therapeutic and vaccine trials have begun without customary safety and efficacy studies.<sup>4</sup> Laboratory mice have been the stalwart of these types of studies; however, they do not support infection by SARS-CoV-2 due to the inability of its spike (S) protein to engage the mouse ortholog of its human entry receptor angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (hACE2). While hACE2 transgenic mice support infection and pathogenesis,<sup>5</sup> these mice are currently limited in availability and are restricted to a single genetic background. Here we report the development of a mouse model of SARS-CoV-2 based on adeno associated virus (AAV)-mediated expression of hACE2. These mice support viral replication and antibody production and exhibit pathologic findings found in COVID-19 patients as well as non-human primate models. Moreover, we show that type I interferons are unable to control SARS-CoV2 replication and drive pathologic responses. Thus, the hACE2-AAV mouse model enables rapid deployment for in-depth analysis following robust SARS-CoV-2 infection with authentic patient-derived virus in mice of diverse genetic backgrounds. This represents a much-needed platform for rapidly testing prophylactic and therapeutic strategies to combat COVID-19.
Conjugated Polymer Nanofibers: Novel Light Sources for Microfluidic Systems (2010)

We report on the fabrication of electrospun light-emitting polymer nanofibers made by conjugated and dye-doped polymers. The fibers exhibit diameter down to a few tens of nm, and emission in the visible and near-infrared spectral range. The investigation of the photoluminescence properties of the fibers evidences an emission mainly polarized along the fiber axis. The fibers are integrated in prototype microfluidic system as micro-scale polarized light sources.
Measuring and Interpreting Ammonia Levels in Cirrhosis (2023)

Ballester, Maria Pilar MPB, MD, PhD1,2; Rose, Christopher F.3; Carbonell-Asins, Juan-Antonio PhD2; Jalan, Rajiv4,5 Author Information
Dynamic simulation and analysis of ancillary service demand response strategies for variable air volume HVAC systems (2014)

Output variability and low generating inertia associated with solar and wind electric power generation resources increase the requirement of grid-scale ancillary service capacity and add strain to existing firm generators that provide these services. Buildings consume the majority of electricity in the United States and can play a significant role in helping to meet these challenges by using their HVAC systems as a link to thermal energy storage. However, predicting a building's ancillary service demand response performance continues to be a challenge, particularly for complex multi-zone systems, such as the variable air volume. A dynamic model of a representative variable air volume system was developed and simulated to investigate the response of the system to implementation of four common demand response strategies over a range of cooling loads and implementation intensities: zone air dry-bulb temperature adjustment, duct static pressure adjustment, supply air temperature adjustment, and chilled water temperature adjustment. Curves are presented that map power reduction as a function of cooling load and implementation intensity on a 10-min spinning reserve timescale. A study of these maps along with simulated data reveal that terminal unit damper position is a significant determining factor of performance effectiveness for each strategy.
The effect of me‐substituents of 1,4‐butanediol analogues on the thermal properties of biobased polyesters (2018)

Biobased 1,4-butanediol analogues are used to tune the glass transition temperature and crystallization in a series of polyesters and allow for the formation of stereocomplexes.
Designing WDM optical interconnects with full connectivity by using limited wavelength conversion (2004)

Optical communication, in particular, wavelength-division-multiplexing (WDM) technique, has become a promising networking choice to meet ever-increasing demands on bandwidth from emerging bandwidth-intensive computing/networking applications. A major challenge in designing WDM optical interconnects is how to provide maximum connectivity while keeping minimum hardware cost. The overall hardware cost of a WDM optical interconnect includes not only the cost of switching elements, but also the cost of wavelength conversion. Previous work mainly focused on minimizing hardware cost without taking into consideration the type of wavelength converters used. In this paper, we design WDM optical interconnects with full connectivity by using the low cost limited wavelength converters. We present optimal WDM optical interconnects for both permutation and multicast in single stage and multistage implementations. We also discuss the impact of the relationship between the number of fibers and the number of wavelengths per fiber on the optimal design. As can be seen, the newly designed WDM optical interconnects have minimum hardware cost in terms of the number of crosspoints and wavelength conversion cost.
Purification, cDNA Cloning, and Developmental Expression of the Nodule-Specific Uricase from Phaseolus vulgaris L. (1987)

Nodule-specific uricase (uricase II) from Phaseolus vulgaris L. was purified to homogeneity by chromatographic methods. Purification data indicated that uricase II is approximately 2% of the total soluble protein from mature nodules. Specific antiserum was raised and used to determine the developmental expression and for immunoselection of polysomes. Uricase II was antigenically detected early in nodule development, 2 to 3 days before nitrogen fixation. Uricase-encoding cDNA clones were isolated by hybridizing a nodule-specific pUC9 cDNA library with labeled mRNA from immunoselected polysomes and a 35,000 molecular weight uricase II-encoding cDNA from soybean. An homologous clone (pNF-UR07) was used to assess the expression pattern of the specific transcript during development. Northern-blot analysis indicated that uricase II mRNA is exclusively expressed in nodule tissue.
Match or Mismatch: Strategy-Structure Configurations in the Service Business of Manufacturing Companies (2010)

A new trend seems to be emerging for multinational manufacturing companies to make a strategic reorientation into becoming service providers. For some companies, such as Kone and IBM, the revenues from services are 50% or more of their total sales. Despite the increasing interest in exploring various aspects of the service part of the business in manufacturing companies, existing research has not focused on the interdependencies between different service strategies and organizational designs. This article studies different service strategies in manufacturing companies and highlights the organizational design necessary for implementing each service strategy. The service strategies explored are aftersales service providers, customer support service providers, outsourcing partners, and development partners. Each service strategy is supported by organizational design factors related to the service orientation of corporate culture, the service orientation of human resource management, and the service orientation of organizational structures. This research concludes that a specific strategy-structure configuration is needed in order to succeed with a chosen service strategy.