gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Abrasivity of Desensitizing Dentifrice Containing Sodium Metasilicate (2007)

This in vitro study compared the abrasivity of commercial desensitizing dentifrices with a sodium metasilicate (Na2SiO3) dentifrice using a Surface Profile Method. Dentin specimens were made from the root of extracted human molars. The cervical part of the teeth was sectioned with a diamond wheel disk. The teeth were embedded into an epoxy resin mold and the surface was gradually polished by silicone carbide paper. After grinding, the degree of surface roughness was tested within the range of 2 mm with tapping. The British Standard Institution reference dentifrice (BSI: CaCO3 40%) and experimental dentifrices (group 1: Na2SiO3 25%, CaCO3 10% and SiO2 10%, group 2: CaCO3 10% and SiO2 10%, group 3: CaCO3 10% and SrCl2 10%, group 4: Colloidal Silica 2-3% and Hydroxyapatite 10-20%) were evaluated. The dentifrice slurries were prepared by mixing 24 grams of the dentifrice in 12 ml distilled water. Each tooth specimen was brushed with the dentifrice slurries 1,000 times. The relative abrasivity of each dentifrice was evaluated from the ratio of the BSI standard dentifrice to each experiment. The results were analyzed by one-way ANOVA and Tukey’s multiple comparisons using Window SPSS (Statistical analysis system) 12.0. Groups 1 (71), 2 (74.2), 3 (38) and 4 (7.8) showed a lower abrasivity than the BSI dentifrice (100) (p&lt;0.05). The relative abrasivity of groups 3 (38) and 4 (7.8) was the lowest compared with the BSI dentifrice (100). However, group 1 (71) containing Na2SiO3 showed a similar abrasivity to group 2 (74.2), which did not contain Na2SiO3 (p&gt;0.05). Therefore, Na2SiO3 had no influence on the abrasivity of the dentifrice. In conclusion, the dentifrice containing Na2SiO3 had a lower abrasivity than the BSI reference dentifrice, but showed a significantly higher abrasivity than the existing commercial desensitizing dentifrices. Overall, the relatively high abrasivity of Na2SiO3 dentifrice is believed to be the result of other components in the abrasive system.
Studies on the Biochemical Basis of Spontaneous Mutation (1972)

The deoxyribonucleic acid polymerases induced by two mutator, two antimutator, and one neutral temperature-sensitive strain of T4D have been partially purified and compared to each other and to the wild type polymerase. Measurements of polymerase, polymerase-associated exonuclease, and deoxynucleoside triphosphate turnover indicate that the mutators and antimutators may be readily distinguished from wild type by the ratios of these activities. The enzymes prepared from mutators have a much lower exonuclease to polymerase ratio than wild type, and the antimutators have a higher ratio of exonuclease to polymerase and a higher rate of nucleotide turnover. Similar measurements with the neutral temperature-sensitive mutant indicate a close resemblance to wild type. On the basis of these experiments we propose that the spontaneous mutation rate is related to the relative rates of insertion and removal of nucleotides during synthesis of deoxyribonucleic acid. Mutations in the structural gene of the polymerase which perturb this exonuclease to polymerase ratio are expressed as mutator or antimutator genes.
Supplementary Data from Atezolizumab plus Bevacizumab in Patients with Unresectable or Metastatic Mucosal Melanoma: A Multicenter, Open-Label, Single-Arm Phase II Study (2023)

Supplementary Data from Atezolizumab plus Bevacizumab in Patients with Unresectable or Metastatic Mucosal Melanoma: A Multicenter, Open-Label, Single-Arm Phase II Study
Transient angle stability analysis of grid-connected converters with the first-order active power loop (2018)

As the increasing application of power electronic converters in electric power grids, the stability of grid-connected converters has become a major concern for reliable operations of the power grid. This paper analyzes the transient stability of grid-connected converters with the first-order active power loop. It points out that the conventional equal-area criterion, which has been widely used in the transient stability analysis of synchronous generators, may not apply to grid-connected converters, due to the different dynamic characteristics between converters and synchronous generators. To tackle this challenge, this paper employs the phase portrait to analyze the transient stability of power converters, and it is found that the better transient stability performance can be achieved if the grid-connected converters are controlled as the first-order nonlinear system. Simulations and experimental results are given to verify the effectiveness of the theoretical analysis.
610 Dynamic Performances of Journal Bearing Lubricated with Ferrofluid under Different Magnetic Intensity Distributions (2005)

The influence of the different distributions of magnetic fields on the dynamic performances of the journal bearing lubricated with ferrofluid is investigated through numerical simulation. It is found that the dynamic performances of the journal bearing, such as the stiffness coefficients, the damping coefficients and the stability, have strong dependence on the distribution of the magnetic field in the clearance of the bearing. The influence of the angular momentum of the particles in ferrofluid on the performances of the bearing has the same order as that of the magnetic force in the case that the magnetic field distribution is inhomogeneous both in the axial direction and in the radial direction of the bearing, while a lot of former researches ignore the angular momentum of the particles and suppose a parabolic distribution of magnetic field. Moreover, the larger the magnetic intensity is, or the smaller the eccentricity of the bearing is, or the lower the rotation speed of the shaft is, the larger the effect of the magnetic field on the dynamic performances of the bearing becomes.
Effects of atropine and gastric inhibitory polypeptide on hepatic glucose uptake and insulin extraction in conscious dogs. (1985)

Previous studies comparing the effects of oral, intraportal, and peripheral venous administration of glucose in conscious dogs demonstrated a significant increase in hepatic extraction of insulin only after oral glucose, but similar hepatic uptake of glucose after oral and intraportal glucose, which was greater than that after peripheral intravenous glucose infusion. This study evaluated the effect of atropine blockade of the parasympathetic nervous system on the increased fractional hepatic extraction of insulin and the role of gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP) on augmented hepatic uptake of oral glucose in conscious dogs with chronically implanted Doppler flow probes on the portal vein and hepatic artery, and catheters in the portal and hepatic veins and carotid artery. Since atropine infusion decreased absorption of glucose, and in order to achieve comparable portal vein levels of glucose and insulin, the dogs receiving atropine were given 1.9 +/- 0.1 g/kg glucose, compared with the control dogs who received 1.1 +/- 0.1 g/kg. The percentage of the glucose load that was absorbed was greater in the dogs not given atropine (80 +/- 4 vs. 44 +/- 7%), but because of the different loads, the absolute amount of glucose absorbed was similar in both groups (20.2 +/- 1.6 vs. 21.7 +/- 4.1 g). Although delayed by atropine, the peak portal vein glucose and insulin concentrations and the amounts presented to the liver were similar in both groups. However, the increased portal vein plasma flow and fractional hepatic extraction of insulin observed after oral glucose was not observed in the dogs infused with atropine. The net hepatic glucose uptake after oral glucose was significantly less at 10, 20, and 45 min in the atropine-treated dogs, and the area under the curve over the 180-min period was 44% less. However, the latter was not statistically significant. Infusion of GIP with peripheral intravenous glucose did not increase hepatic uptake of glucose or the fractional hepatic extraction of insulin compared with peripheral intravenous glucose alone. These results indicate an important role for parasympathetic innervation in the augmented fractional hepatic extraction of insulin, and increased portal vein plasma flow after oral glucose. Although a relationship between the augmented fractional extraction of insulin and the net hepatic glucose uptake may exist, it does not necessarily indicate that the former is required for the latter. Such parasympathetic innervation may be involved in the greater removal of glucose by the liver after oral compared with peripheral glucose administration. The augmented hepatic uptake of glucose and fractional hepatic extraction of insulin after oral glucose doesn not appear to be mediated by gastric inhibitory polypeptide.
Design of High Performance Sense Amplifier Using Independent Gate Control in sub-50nm Double-Gate MOSFET (2005)

The double-gate (DG) transistor has emerged as the most promising device for nanoscale circuit design. Independent control of front and back gate in DG devices can be effectively used to improve performance and reduce power in sub-50 nm circuits. In this paper, we propose a high-performance sense-amplifier design using independent gate control in symmetric and asymmetric DG devices. The proposed design reduces the sensing delay of the sense amplifier by 30-35% and dynamic power by 10% (at 6 GHz) from the connected gate design.
Montageplattform (Kap. 4.10) (2005)

In diesem Buch werden alle Komponenten einer digitalen Luftbildkamera vom Aufnahmeobjekt bis zum Massenspeicher beschrieben. Die bereits in der Natur vor dem Aufnahmesystem stattfindenden Prozesse, wie z. B. Reflexion des Sonnenspektrums am Aufnahmeobjekt und Einfluss der Atmosphäre, sowie deren Einfluss auf die Bildqualität werden erläutert. Weiterhin werden die im Zusammenhang mit dem neuen digitalen Sensorsystem wesentlichen Eigenschaften, Merkmale und Kenngrößen vermittelt und in den Systemzusammenhang gestellt. Damit wird die Komplexität des Zusammenwirkens aller Komponenten transparent. Die Beschreibung eines Beispielsystems rundet das Werk ab.
The Role of Intrachain and Interchain Interactions of Regioregular Poly(3-octylthiophene) Chains on the Optical Properties of a New Amphiphilic Conjugated Random Copolymer in Solution (2008)

The synthesis of a random copolymer through free radical copolymerization of a properly vinyl monofunctionalized regioregular poly(3-octylthiophene) (rrP3OT) macromonomer and N,N'-dimethylacrylamide (DMAM) is presented. The optical properties of the copolymer in water and in several organic solvents of varying polarity, as well as in THF/water and THF/methanol mixtures, were explored using UV-vis and photoluminescence spectroscopy. It is demonstrated that the rrP3OT chains adopt a coil conformation in solvents such as tetrahydrofuran (THF) and chloroform with the appearance of the absorption and emission maxima at 439 and 565 nm, respectively. On the contrary, the rrP3OT chains are organized on a single chain packing form (intrachain interactions) in polar solvents such as ethanol and methanol, as it is verified with the observation of the characteristic three vibronic features of the absorption spectra of the copolymer with maxima at 513, 550, and 603 nm and emission maxima at 560 nm. However, when water is used as solvent, the rrP3OT chains self-assemble into a stacklike structure due to the increased interchain interactions, as confirmed by the different aggregation process of the rrP3OT chains in the THF/water mixture, the broader absorption spectrum in water compared to those recorded in ethanol and methanol, and the 80 nm red-shifted emission maximum, centered at 640 nm.
Erratum: A Simple Wilson Orthonormal Basis with Exponential Decay (1991)

Previous article Full AccessErratum: A Simple Wilson Orthonormal Basis with Exponential DecayIngrid Daubechies, Stéphane Jaffard, and Jean-Lin JournéIngrid Daubechies, Stéphane Jaffard, and Jean-Lin Journéhttps://doi.org/10.1137/0522056PDFBibTexSections ToolsAdd to favoritesExport CitationTrack CitationsEmail SectionsAbout"Erratum: A Simple Wilson Orthonormal Basis with Exponential Decay." SIAM Journal on Mathematical Analysis, 22(3), p. 878[1] Ingrid Daubechies, , Stéphane Jaffard and , Jean-Lin Journé, A simple Wilson orthonormal basis with exponential decay, SIAM J. Math. Anal., 22 (1991), 554–573 10.1137/0522035 92a:81066a 0754.46016 LinkISIGoogle Scholar Previous article FiguresRelatedReferencesCited byDetails Bimodal Wilson systems in L2(R)Journal of Mathematical Analysis and Applications, Vol. 505, No. 1 Cross Ref Volume 22, Issue 3| 1991SIAM Journal on Mathematical Analysis History Submitted:20 March 1991Accepted:20 March 1991Published online:17 July 2006 InformationCopyright © 1991 Society for Industrial and Applied MathematicsPDF Download Article & Publication DataArticle DOI:10.1137/0522056Article page range:pp. 878-878ISSN (print):0036-1410ISSN (online):1095-7154Publisher:Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics
Dynamics of fire plumes in verticle shear (2003)

Plumes from wildfires and prescribed fires represent a critical aspect of smoke management and air quality assessment, and as such it is important to understand the structure and dynamics of these plumes, both with respect to a basic understanding of the phenomena and with respect to an assessment of the validity of plumerise parameterizations over a wide variety of fire conditions. Many models currently in use today for the prediction of plume rise are so-called “integral models”, in which profiles (typically Gaussian) of physical quantities are assumed, along with simple laws describing entrainment of ambient air into the plume. Development of these models largely follows the analysis of Morton et al. (1956) [see also Turner (1973) for a summary of early work, and Hunt (1994) for a more recent perspective]. Integral models have been shown to be successful in predicting plume rise from a variety of industrial and environmental sources, and are employed in numerous models for air quality assessment (e.g., Briggs 1975). Indeed, these models may provide accurate predictions of the plumes arising from low-intensity fires. Integral models are frequently inadequate, however, for describing the behavior of plumes originating from high-intensity fires. In such fires, the dynamical interaction between the buoyancy-generated vorticity in the plume and the vorticity in the ambient atmosphere may be significant, and the behavior of the plume may differ substantially from the predictions of the integral models. When this is the case, numerical simulations often provide valuable insight into the fundamental dynamical nature of the interaction and into the structure and evolution of the fire plume, particularly since this interaction may be conceptually complex. In the present study, a compressible, nonhydrostatic model is employed to examine the effect of vertically sheared winds near the surface
Decomposition of Gaseous Styrene Using Photocatalyst and Ozone Treatment (2022)

Because photocatalysis has strong oxidation abilities in redox systems, it has been applied to indoor air purification. However, intermediate products are produced during the photocatalytic oxidative decomposition of aromatic compounds with benzene rings. Therefore, it is essential to improve decomposition performance and evaluate the intermediate products produced for practical applications. Herein, we describe the decomposition performance of ozone, photocatalyst, and their combination, under the target gas of styrene. Using a one-pass mini reactor, decomposition performance was evaluated by analyzing the output gas in the reactor and observing the styrene removal, the amount of carbon dioxide produced, and the composition of a small amount of intermediate products. The combination of ozone and photocatalyst showed the most significant performance, completely decomposing in the photocatalyst and removing odor components in ozone. Moreover, we demonstrated that decomposition performance could be evaluated by observing slight amounts of intermediate products in the exhaust gas. We believe that this research provides insights into the practical application of photocatalysis and ozone oxidation technologies in air purifiers and their performance management, with particular emphasis on the decomposition of odor compounds.
A Novel Modified Starch/Carboxymethyl Cellulose/Montmorillonite Bionanocomposite Film: Structural and Physical Properties (2013)

Abstract A novel glycerol-plasticized and citric acid (CA)-modified starch/carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC)/montmorillonite (MMT) bionanocomposite films were prepared from corn starch by casting, to study the effect of the 10% CA, 10% CMC and four different loadings of MMT on the properties of starch films. Atomic force microscopy surface analysis showed that starch/CMC/MMT films had the highest roughness. X-ray diffraction test showed that the clay nanolayers formed an intercalated structure in the bionanocomposites. However, completely exfoliated structure formed only in the pure starch/MMT nanocomposites (without CA and CMC). CA, CMC and MMT improved mechanical properties of starch films. MMT had the greatest effect on the mechanical properties. The MMT addition at content of 7% caused to increase in ultimate tensile strength by more than threefold in comparison to modified starch/CMC films. The water vapor permeability (WVP) decreased significantly ( p &lt; 0.05) by the addition of CA and CMC. When the MMT content of the starch films reached to 7%, the WVP decreased about 75% in comparison to the neat starch film. However, the hydrophilic character of bionanocomposites increased as the increasing of MMT content.
TCR-Driven Transendothelial Migration of Human Effector Memory CD4 T Cells Involves Vav, Rac, and Myosin IIA (2013)

Human effector memory (EM) CD4 T cells may be recruited from the blood into a site of inflammation in response either to inflammatory chemokines displayed on or specific Ag presented by venular endothelial cells (ECs), designated as chemokine-driven or TCR-driven transendothelial migration (TEM), respectively. We have previously described differences in the morphological appearance of transmigrating T cells as well as in the molecules that mediate T cell-EC interactions distinguishing these two pathways. In this study, we report that TCR-driven TEM requires ZAP-70-dependent activation of a pathway involving Vav, Rac, and myosin IIA. Chemokine-driven TEM also uses ZAP-70, albeit in a quantitatively and spatially different manner of activation, and is independent of Vav, Rac, and mysosin IIA, depending instead on an as-yet unidentified GTP exchange factor that activates Cdc42. The differential use of small Rho family GTPases to activate the cytoskeleton is consistent with the morphological differences observed in T cells that undergo TEM in response to these distinct recruitment signals.
Structural investigations of Inductively Coupled Plasma ultra-thin silicon nanowires (2016)

We demonstrated the high throughput production of ultra-thin SiNWs by the innovative Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP) approach. Our investigations revealed that the vast majority (~95%) of the ICP produced SiNWs grew according to the Oxide Assisted Growth mechanism, and the 5% through the Vapor-Liquid-Solid mechanism. These SiNWs present an intriguing internal nanostructure, that provides a new kind of nanocomposite, where quantum confinement effects are expected. Indeed, an intense photoluminescence emission in the near infra-red was observed. These results prove the ICP as a genuinely bulk process, which can be exploited for large scale production of thin SiNWs to be integrated into attractive large-area and flexible optoelectronic devices.
Geochemistry of PM 10 over Europe during the EMEP intensive measurement periods in summer 2012 and winter 2013 (2016)

Abstract. Abstract. The third intensive measurement period (IMP) organised by the European Monitoring and Evaluation Programme (EMEP) under the UNECE CLTRAP took place in summer 2012 and winter 2013, with PM10 filter samples concurrently collected at 20 (16 EMEP) regional background sites across Europe for subsequent analysis of their mineral dust content. All samples were analysed by the same or a comparable methodology. Higher PM10 mineral dust loadings were observed at most sites in summer (0.5–10 µg m−3) compared to winter (0.2–2 µg m−3), with the most elevated concentrations in the southern- and easternmost countries, accounting for 20–40 % of PM10. Saharan dust outbreaks were responsible for the high summer dust loadings at western and central European sites, whereas regional or local sources explained the elevated concentrations observed at eastern sites. The eastern Mediterranean sites experienced elevated levels due to African dust outbreaks during both summer and winter. The mineral dust composition varied more in winter than in summer, with a higher relative contribution of anthropogenic dust during the former period. A relatively high contribution of K from non-mineral and non-seasalt sources, such as biomass burning, was evident in winter at some of the central and eastern European sites. The spatial distribution of some components and metals reveals the influence of specific anthropogenic sources on a regional scale: shipping emissions (V, Ni, and SO42−) in the Mediterranean region, metallurgy (Cr, Ni, and Mn) in Central and Eastern Europe, coal combustion (As, Se, and SO42−) in Eastern countries, and traffic (Cu) at sites affected by emissions from nearby cities.
Nitrogen fixation reactions (2015)

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Triazolo[4,5-d]pyrimidines. XI. Halogen-Metal Exchange Reaction of 5-Halo-3H-1,2,3-triazolo-[4,5-d]pyrimidines with Butyllithium. (1991)

The amino group at the 5-position on the 3H-1, 2, 3-triazolo[4, 5-d]pyrimidine (triazolopyrimidine) ring was converted into a halogen atom by treatment with isopentyl nitrite in halomethanes in satisfactory yields.The 5-halotriazolopyrimidines not having a substituent at the 7-position reacted with butyllithium to give 7-butyl-6, 7-dihydro-3-phenyl-3H-1, 2, 3-triazolo[4, 5-d]pyrimidines by addition of butyllithium across the C7, N6-double bond. In the case of the 7-substituted 5-halotriazolopyrimidines, the halogen-metal exchange reaction proceeded and the resultant 5-lithio compound reacted with electrophiles to give the 5-substituted triazolopyrimidines.