gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Correlation of dopaminergic terminal dysfunction and microstructural abnormalities of the basal ganglia and the olfactory tract in Parkinson’s disease (2013)

Signal abnormalities of the substantia nigra and the olfactory tract detected either by diffusion tensor imaging, including measurements of mean diffusivity, a parameter of brain tissue integrity, and fractional anisotropy, a parameter of neuronal fibre integrity, or transcranial sonography, were recently reported in the early stages of Parkinson's disease. In this study, changes in the nigral and olfactory diffusion tensor signal, as well as nigral echogenicity, were correlated with clinical scales of motor disability, odour function and putaminal dopamine storage capacity measured with 6-[(18)F] fluorolevodopa positron emission tomography in early and advanced stages of Parkinson's disease. Diffusion tensor imaging, transcranial sonography and positron emission tomography were performed on 16 patients with Parkinson's disease (mean disease duration 3.7 ± 3.7 years, Hoehn and Yahr stage 1 to 4) and 14 age-matched healthy control subjects. Odour function was measured by the standardized Sniffin' Sticks Test. Mean putaminal 6-[(18)F] fluorolevodopa influx constant, mean nigral echogenicity, mean diffusivity and fractional anisotropy values of the substantia nigra and the olfactory tract were identified by region of interest analysis. When compared with the healthy control group, the Parkinson's disease group showed significant signal changes in the caudate and putamen by 6-[(18)F] fluorolevodopa positron emission tomography, in the substantia nigra by transcranial sonography, mean diffusivity and fractional anisotropy (P < 0.001, P < 0.01, P < 0.05, respectively) and in the olfactory tract by mean diffusivity (P < 0.05). Regional mean diffusivity values of the substantia nigra and the olfactory tract correlated significantly with putaminal 6-[(18)F] fluorolevodopa uptake (r = -0.52, P < 0.05 and r = -0.71, P < 0.01). Significant correlations were also found between nigral mean diffusivity values and the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale motor score (r = -0.48, P < 0.01) and between mean putaminal 6-[(18)F] fluorolevodopa uptake and the total odour score (r = 0.58; P < 0.05) as well as the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale motor score (r = -0.53, P < 0.05). This study reports a significant association between increased mean diffusivity signal and decreased 6-[(18)F] fluorolevodopa uptake, indicating that microstructural degradation of the substantia nigra and the olfactory tract parallels progression of putaminal dopaminergic dysfunction in Parkinson's disease. Since increases in nigral mean diffusivity signal also correlated with motor dysfunction, diffusion tensor imaging may serve as a surrogate marker for disease progression in future studies of putative disease modifying therapies.
Influence of PLIF Cage Size on Lumbar Spine Stability (2000)

In the facetectomized lumbar spine unit, cage size influences lateral bending and torsional stability.
Web Service-Based Business Process Development, Threat Modeling and Security Assessment Tool (2008)

Summary form only given. A business process is a collection of related structures and activities, undertaken by organizations in order to achieve certain business goals. The Web services-based business processes with a new set of protocols bring a new set of security challenges. As security has become an essential component for all software, several security solutions for XML and Web services have been proposed. In general, a security threat model is an organized representation of relevant threats, attacks, and vulnerabilities to a system. In this context, security threat modeling is an engineering technique which can be used to shape the Web service-based business processes with security requirements. The topic of security threat modeling in business process is becoming increasingly important to industry. This tutorial strives to reflect recent trends in research and developments of business processes integration and management with security concerns. In addition this tutorial will cover the fundamental concepts of security threat modeling from the perspectives of Web service-based business process. This tutorial will also address the common practices and related tools/procedures for addressing the security vulnerabilities, especially in XML attacks. A research prototype of security assessment will also be presented and demonstrated in the tutorial.
THE IMPLANTABLE COOK-SWARTZ DOPPLER FLOW PROBE IN KIDNEY TRANSPLANTATION. (2010)

1Renal And Transplant, West London renal and transplant centre, Hammersmith Hospital, London/UNITED KINGDOM, 2Kidney And Transplant Institute, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London/UNITED KINGDOM
A model for inertial particle trapping locations in hydrodynamic tweezers arrays (2014)

We present a model for the trapping of particles with finite inertia in the microscale viscous steady streaming flow of hydrodynamic tweezers. Devices containing a square array and an offset array of cylindrical posts of radius 25??m were fabricated. As water is oscillated at small amplitude (s < 5??m) and audible frequency (5000?Hz), highly symmetric microeddies form causing the fluid and particles suspended in the fluid to transport through the device. We image the flows by using 0.5??m radius fluorescent polystyrene particles, and demonstrate trapping with larger 5??m radius polystyrene particles. The streaming flow fields are simulated numerically using a fast analytic-numeric approach, and inertial particle motion is determined using the well-known Maxey?Riley equation for small Stokes number (St) particle motion. The St-dependent period-averaged particle velocity is used to describe the effects of inertia on particle trapping locations. We find the St-dependence of trapping location depends on the underlying symmetry of the flow. Only traps located near eddy centers are affected by particle inertia.
한국 성인과 노인의 계절별 혈중 25-hydroxyvitamin D 농도와 비타민 D 급원식품 섭취빈도와의 관계 (2014)

This study was conducted to investigate the vitamin D status and to determine the association between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] concentrations and consumption frequencies of vitamin D rich foods in Korean adults and older adults. Methods: Subjects were 10,374 adults and 2,792 older adults participating in the 2008- 2009 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES). Consumption frequencies of vitamin D rich foods were estimated by using a qualitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Eleven food items such as beef, egg, mackerel, tuna, yellow corvina, pollack, anchovy, mushroom, milk, yogurt, and ice cream were selected as vitamin D rich foods based on previous research. Results: The proportions of deficiency (< 12 ng/mL), inadequacy (12-20 ng/mL) and sufficiency (≥ 20 ng/mL) of serum 25(OH)D concentrations from June to November and December to May in adults were 8.8%, 42.3%, 48.8%, and 28.2%, 52.8%, 19.1%, respectively. The proportions of deficiency, inadequacy and sufficiency of serum 25 (OH)D concentrations from June to November and December to May in older adults were 10.1%, 32.4%, 57.5%, and 24.1%, 45.4%, 30.5%, respectively. The mean serum 25(OH)D concentrations in adults were positively related to the consumption frequencies of mackerel, anchovy, all fish, milk and milk·dairy products. The mean serum 25(OH)D concentrations in older adults were positively related to the consumption frequencies of yellow corvina and negatively related to the consumption frequencies of ice cream. Conclusions: Our results suggest that Korean adults were more deficient in serum 25(OH)D concentrations than older adults. The consumption of vitamin D rich foods may affect vitamin D status in Korean adults. Further studies are required to confirm these findings.
Devices to Improve Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting (CABG) Surgery (2005)

As off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting becomes the method of choice for cardio-thoracic surgeons, it has become apparent that the facilitation of coronary artery anastomosis on a beating heart needs to be addressed by improved instrumentation. We propose an intraluminal anastomosis device used in conjunction with a biologic-glue to eliminate suturing and serve as a scaffold for constructing stable anastomoses. The device will continue to serve as an eluting stent postoperatively. The simple technique of using the device and the adhesive will require 5 minutes or less for anastomosis. Moreover, we introduce a novel parallel port vacuum stabilizer foot equipped with a uniform lateral tension inducing turnbuckle mechanism to be used with off-pump stabilization systems. A proposed in vitro protocol details using saphenous vein segments and coronary arteries to test the patency of multiple end-to-side grafts. A pressure transducer will be attached to the graft to monitor flow characteristics. An in vivo protocol details construction of anastomoses during off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting in pigs using the anastomosis device, the turnbuckle vacuum foot, and the biologic-glue. Anastomosis patency will be evaluated intraoperatively and one month postoperatively. Furthermore, the graft site will be examined via flow measurement, angiography, and histological analysis.
A Microsporidan Contaminant of a Nonhuman Primate Cell Culture: Ultrastructural Comparison with Nosema connori (1979)

John A. Shadduck, Garnett Kelsoe, Ronald J. Helmke, A Microsporidan Contaminant of a Nonhuman Primate Cell Culture: Ultrastructural Comparison with Nosema connori, The Journal of Parasitology, Vol. 65, No. 1 (Feb., 1979), pp. 185-188
Nonsingular Spherically Constrained Clemens Linkage Wrist (2011)

The parallel connection of a revolute-spherical-revolute Clemens linkage with a revolute-universal joint (RU) spherical linkage realizes a two-axis spherical pointing device suitable for use in a robot wrist. The design is derived from a Clemens linkage constant-velocity coupling having a spherical constraint. A novel transverse orientation of the RU linkage facilitates control of the pointing direction through actuation of a pair of revolute joints at the base of the device, a capability not otherwise required when this type of mechanism is employed as a constant-velocity coupling. As the mechanism is confined to spherical space, spherical trigonometry and related geometric reasoning may be employed in the analysis of mobility and actuation. The analysis derives the forward and inverse kinematic relations, showing that the mechanism allows a full 180 deg of deflection of the pointer from the center before encountering a singularity.
Interaction with arginine 597 of NADPH-cytochrome P-450 oxidoreductase is a primary source of the uniform binding energy used to discriminate between NADPH and NADH (1993)

Site-directed mutagenesis has been used in conjunction with pH and alternate substrate/inhibitor studies to characterize the interactions between NADPH-cytochrome P-450 oxidoreductase (P-450R) and the 2'-phosphate of NADP(H) that provide P-450R with its strong nicotinamide nucleotide specificity. It is known that the 2'-phosphate of NADP(H) is bound to P-450R as the dianion and that interactions between it and residues on P-450R provide 5 kcal/mol of essentially uniform binding energy (preceding paper in this issue). In order to probe these interactions further, Arg597 of P-450R, which is homologous to Arg235 of ferredoxin-NADP+ reductase that forms a salt bridge with the 2'-phosphate of 2'-phospho-AMP in the crystal structure of that complex [Karplus, P. A., Daniels, M. J., & Herriott, J. R. (1991) Science 251, 60], was mutated to methionine. The mutant protein, P-450R (R597M), does not appear to have a grossly perturbed tertiary structure on the basis of the observation of similar 31P-NMR chemical shifts for FAD (pyrophosphate) bound to it and wild-type (WT) P-450R, although it is more unstable to urea denaturation. P-450R (R597M) has a Km for NADPH that is 150 times that of P-450R (WT) and a Ki for NADP+ that is 240 times that of P-450R (WT). In contrast, the R597M mutation has only a modest effect on the Km for NADH (0.8 WT) and the Ki for NAD+ (2.9 WT), indicating that Arg597 must have been interacting specifically with the 2'-phosphate of NADP(H). The R597M mutation has relatively little effect on kcat for NADPH (1.2 WT) or NADH (0.6 WT), indicating that the mutation is affecting ground and transition states to essentially the same degree, by removing 3 kcal/mol of uniform binding energy. The NADP+ pKi profile for P-450R (R597M) shows a pKa of 5.78 for the 2'-phosphate of NADP+, which is bound to P-450R (R597M) as the dianion, but the pKa of 9.5 for the preferentially protonated enzymic group observed in the P-450R (WT) profile is no longer present. It is argued then that the 2'-phosphate binding pocket of P-450R (WT) has a high positive charge density (> + 2) and that Arg597, which is in this binding pocket, has a highly perturbed pKa of 9.5. Finally, a general theoretical treatment of the thermodynamic consequences of individual and combined perturbations to complementary interacting groups on enzyme and substrate is presented (see Appendix).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
A depolarizer as a possible precise sunstone for Viking navigation by polarized skylight (2011)

Viking navigation from Norway to America in the northern latitudes remains a mystery for physicists, historians and archaeologists. Polarimetric methods using absorbing dichroic crystals as polarizers to detect a hidden Sun direction using the polarized skylight have led to controversies. Indeed, these techniques may lack in sensitivity, especially when the degree of polarization is low. Here, we demonstrate theoretically and experimentally that using the transparent common Iceland spar as a depolarizer, the Vikings could have performed a precise navigation under different conditions. Indeed, when simply rotated, such a birefringent crystal can completely depolarize, at the so-called isotropy point, any partially polarized state of light, allowing us to guess the direction of the Sun. By equalizing the intensities of the ordinary and extraordinary beams at the isotropy point, we show that the Sun direction can be determined easily, thanks to a simple sensitive differential two-image observation. A precision of a few degrees could be reached even under dark crepuscular conditions. The exciting recent discovery of such an Iceland spar in the Alderney Elizabethan ship that sank two centuries before the introduction of the polarization of light in optics may support the use of the calcite crystal for navigation purposes.
Color Sensors with Three Vertically Stacked Organic Photodetectors (2007)

A stacked structure composed of three organic photodetectors that were individually sensitive to only one of the primary color components was fabricated based on tetra(4-methoxyphenyl) porphine cobalt complex, NN'-dimethylquinacridone, or zinc phthalocyanine, as blue, green, or red sensitive photoconductive materials, respectively. The spectral photoresponse characteristics were measured, and the output signal from each detector showed good spectral selectivity, clearly demonstrating color separation in the vertically stacked structure. Comparisons of the output signal currents of single structures (without stacking) and the stacked structure revealed that 70% of the incident light reached the bottom layer of the stack.
Comparison of the Mechanism of Optical Amplification in InGaN/GaN Heterostructures Grown by Molecular Beam Epitaxy and MOCVD (2000)

We comprehensively studied InGaN/GaN heterostructures grown by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) and metal-organic vapor deposition epitaxy (MOCVD) using a variety of methods of optical spectroscopy, such as cathodoluminescence microscopy (CL), time-integrated and time-resolved photoluminescence (PL). Micro-photoluminescence and cathodoluminescence results show the variation in emission wavelength at different scales, and this reflects the degree of compositional fluctuations in the samples. We obtain information on the decay times of the main emission lines using time-resolved photoluminescence spectroscopy and models of stretched exponentials, indicating the importance of nanoscale fluctuations for the recombination mechanism. The temperature dependent behavoir of the InGaN emission is explained in terms of a carrier freeze out at local potential fluctuations combined with a thermionic thermalization at elevated temperatures. To correlate the fluctuations in emission wavelength with values for the optical amplification we performed gain measurements in edge-stripe geometry. From all these results we conclude, that localized carriers at a statistical distribution of potential fluctuations act as recombination centers and that the degree of fluctuations determines the efficiency of optical amplification. The threshold values for lasing and the gain values are compared and discussed with respect to the different growth procedures. From all these findings we draw conclusions concerning the influence of differences in the growth conditions and their impact on the optical properties.
Cooperative inversion of geophysical data (1987)

PreviousNext No AccessSEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 1987Cooperative inversion of geophysical dataAuthors: Larry LinesAlton K. SchultzSven TreitelLarry LinesAmoco Production Co., Alton K. SchultzAmoco Production Co., and Sven TreitelAmoco Production Co.https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1891949 SectionsAboutPDF/ePub ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditEmail Permalink: https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1891949FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsCited ByImaging the near surface using velocity inversions of ultra-high-density 3D seismic dataTim Dean, Margarita Pavlova, Matthew Grant, Martin Bayly, Denis Sweeney, Simone Re, and Claudio Strobbia2 August 2021 | The Leading Edge, Vol. 40, No. 8Inverse Theory, Artificial Neural Networks27 May 2021Inverse Theory: Artificial Neural Networks25 August 2020BIBLIOGRAPHY8 June 2018Constrained Joint Inversion of Gravity and Seismic Data Using the Simulated Annealing Algorithm31 May 2013 | Chinese Journal of Geophysics, Vol. 50, No. 2A joint inversion algorithm to process geoelectric and sutface wave seismic data. Part I: basic ideas1Geophysical Prospecting, Vol. 43, No. 2JOINT INVERSION OF SEISMIC AND GEOELECTRIC DATA RECORDED IN AN UNDERGROUND COAL MINE1Geophysical Prospecting, Vol. 39, No. 5 SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 1987ISSN (print):1052-3812 ISSN (online):1949-4645Copyright: 1987 Pages: 923 publication data© 1987 Copyright © 1987 Society of Exploration GeophysicistsPublisher:Society of Exploration Geophysicists HistoryPublished: 07 Mar 2005 CITATION INFORMATION Larry Lines, Alton K. Schultz, and Sven Treitel, (1987), "Cooperative inversion of geophysical data," SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts : 814-816. https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1891949 Plain-Language Summary PDF DownloadLoading ...
Direct contact of fibroblasts with neuronal processes promotes differentiation to myofibroblasts and induces contraction of collagen matrix in vitro (2013)

Wound healing is often delayed in the patients whose sensory and autonomic innervation is impaired. We hypothesized that existence of neurites in the skin may promote wound healing by inducing differentiation of fibroblasts into myofibroblasts with consequent wound contraction. In the current study, we examined the effect of neurons on differentiation of fibroblasts and contraction of collagen matrix in vitro using a new co-culture model. Neuronal cell line, PC12 cells, of which the neurite outgrowth can be controlled by adding nerve growth factor, was used. Rat dermal fibroblasts were co-cultured with PC12 cells extending neurites or with PC12 cells lacking neurites. Then, differentiation of fibroblasts into myofibroblasts and contraction of the collagen matrix was evaluated. Finally, we examined whether direct or indirect contact with neurites of PC12 cells promoted the differentiation of fibroblasts. Our results showed that fibroblasts co-cultured with PC12 extending neurites differentiated into myofibroblasts more effectively and contracted the collagen matrix stronger than those with PC12 lacking neurites. Direct contact of fibroblasts with neurites promoted more differentiation than indirect contact. In conclusion, direct contact of fibroblasts with neuronal processes is important for differentiation into myofibroblasts and induction of collagen gel contraction, leading to promotion of wound healing.
Intel Internet Exchange Architecture and Applications: A Practical Guide to Intel's Network Processors (2003)

From the Publisher:
This invaluable developer resource provides an overview of Intel Internet Exchange Architecture (IXA), educates developers about Intel network processors, and provides an in-depth technical view of the standards required by hardware and software developers of next-generation OEM networking equipment. The text is well suited not only for hardware and software engineers but also for users outside the industry, such as management, sales, marketing, and support professionals. The architecture of a typical network core or edge is described to provide a context for the network processor architecture. This guide also explores the architecture of the Intel IXP2400 and Intel IXP2800 network processors and provides a detailed example of a DSLAM using the multiprotocol software framework.
Author Biography: Bill Carlson is an Intel network processor specialist and a field applications engineer. He provides active applications support of the IXP1200 network processor from its inception to current third-generation versions. He lives in Murrieta, California.
Engineering Framework for Optimizing Superconducting Qubit Designs (2020)

Superconducting quantum technologies require qubit systems whose properties meet several often conflicting requirements, such as long coherence times and high anharmonicity. Here, we provide an engineering framework based on a generalized superconducting qubit model in the flux regime, which abstracts multiple circuit design parameters and thereby supports design optimization across multiple qubit properties. We experimentally investigate a special parameter regime which has both high anharmonicity ($\sim\!1$GHz) and long quantum coherence times ($T_1\!=\!40\!-\!80\,\mathrm{μs}$ and $T_\mathrm{2Echo}\!=\!2T_1$).
Video. Micromanipulation of gametes and embryos: biopsy of a blastomere from an 8-cell human embryo (1997)

The preimplantation diagnosis of genetic disease in preimplantation human embryos was introduced several years ago. It involves removing one or more cells from a cleaving embryo or a blastocyst, and then assessing the isolated cells for evidence of chromosomal anomalies or genetic disease, usually by means of fluorescence in-situ hybridization (FISH), the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and variants of it. The whole diagnostic procedure can be completed within one day, and correctly diagnosed embryos then replaced in the mother’s uterus. The number of correctly-diagnosed children is now accumulating as more clinics introduce this procedure into their practice. Details of PCR and FISH can be found in various publications (e.g. Delhanty and Handyside,1995). One form of operation is to remove a single blastomere from an 8-cell embryo, and this is the procedure shown in this video. This procedure is demonstrated on two approximately 8-cell human embryos growing in vitro. A series of steps are involved in the process. The initial step is to make a hole in the zona pellucida, and so permit the passage of pipettes through this investment. Access is thus gained to the enclosed embryo. Two examples are shown on this video. The first example illustrates a standard operation, from the drilling of the zona pellucida to the gentle loosening and withdrawal of a single blastomere. The second example is concerned with the problems arising when the first blastomere is damaged during the procedure, and it becomes essential to biopsy a second blastomere.