gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Local ARQ: A New Way for Exploiting Multiple Detection-Terminals (2021)

Collaborative multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) reception is a new form of MIMO transmission technique. In collaborative MIMO reception, neighboring mobile stations (MSs) collaborate with a target MS to decode MIMO signals from a base station. In this study, an MS side error-control scheme that utilizes multiple detection MSs within the collaborative MS group is proposed. In this scheme, a detection MS requests a better detected bit sequence from other MSs, similar to automatic repeat request performed locally. This scheme improves the error rate performance at the expense of computational complexity. Computer simulations are used to study the frame error ratio performance and the amount of collaboration traffic.
Gas cluster ion beam irradiation for wafer bonding (2017)

Preliminary experiments of gas cluster ion beam (GCIB) irradiation for wafer bonding were conducted. Unique irradiation effects of GCIB, such as low-damage irradiation and surface smoothing effects, will be beneficial for surface activated bonding. From XPS, AFM measurements, Ar-GCIB irradiation at oblique incidence removed native oxide on Cu films efficiently without roughening. Cu-Cu bond increased with the acceleration voltage of Ar-GCIB. There is a correlation between the bond strength and the contact angle reduction due to surface smoothing and oxide removal by Ar-GCIB.
High-speed and low-driving-voltage InGaAs/InAlAs multiquantum well optical modulators (1991)

A study is made of high-speed, large-signal intensity modulation (in the frequency bandwidth of 16 GHz) with a low driving voltage of 2.0 V and a 20 dB extinction ratio. The modulator successfully operates at a long wavelength 1.55 μm with a low insertion loss of 6 dB. The 100 μm long device with 16 GHz bandwidth and 1.5 V 10 dB on/off ratio voltage results in a bandwidth to voltage ratio of 11 GHz/V, which is the highest yet reported for an external intensity modulator.
Synchronization of Clocks by Very-Long-Baseline Interferometry (1979)

Two hydrogen-maser clocks, one at the Haystack Observatory in Massachusetts and one at the National Radio Astronomy Observatory in West Virginia, were synchronized by means of very-long-baseline interferometry (VLBI) observations of several extragalactic radio sources on March 28, and again on September 23, 1977. Observations were made sequentially in eight 360-kHz bands distributed between about 8.4 and 8.5 GHz with spacings designed to enable the group-delay difference between the signals received at the two observatories from a given source to be estimated unambiguously, within an uncertainty of less than 1 ns set by receiver noise. The epoch and the rate differences between the observatories' clocks for each experiment were estimated by analysis of observations that spanned several hours. The application of corrections for the contributions to the delays of the antennas, feeds, receiver systems, and recorders, yielded absolute determinations of the clock epoch differences. During each experiment, portable cesium clocks were flown from the U.S. Naval Observatory in Washington, DC, to the observatories and back. The traveling-clock data, analyzed in each case after the VLBI synchronization had been completed, confirmed the VLBI results to within 18 and 14 us for the first and second experiments, respectively.
Cross-sampled GRAPPA for parallel MRI (2010)

As one widely-used parallel-imaging method, Generalized Auto-calibrating Partially Parallel Acquisitions (GRAPPA) technique reconstructs the missing k-space data by a linear combination of the acquired data using a set of weights. These weights are usually derived from auto-calibration signal (ACS) lines that are acquired in parallel to the reduced lines. In this paper, a cross sampling method is proposed to acquire the ACS lines orthogonal to the reduced lines. This cross sampling method increases the amount of calibration data along the direction that the k-space is undersampled and thus improves the calibration accuracy, especially when a small number of ACS lines are acquired. Both phantom and in vivo experiments demonstrate that the proposed method, named cross-sampled GRAPPA (CS-GRAPPA), can effectively reduce the aliasing artifacts of GRAPPA when high acceleration is desired.
The D1 Exciton in 4H-SiC (1998)

We report on the properties of the D1 photoluminescence (PL) observed in electron irradiated 4H-SiC. We have investigated the temperature dependence of the PL and its excitation properties. At 2 K the D1 PL spectrum in 4H-SiC consists of one no-phonon line, L1 (2.9010 eV), and its phonon replicas. As the temperature is raised, two higher energy no-phonon lines, M1 (2.9087 eV) and H1 (2.9118 eV), appear while the L1 intensity rapidly decreases. At temperatures between 100 and 200 K the D1 PL is quenched. The associated activation energy is found to be approximately 57 meV. The PL excitation (PLE) spectrum of the L1 no-phonon line at 2 K contains two strong peaks corresponding to the M1 and H1 lines. Furthermore, there is a series of sharp PLE peaks at higher energies. The energy positions of these lines can be fitted by a hydrogenic series of excited states with an associated binding energy of 53 meV. Our results can be explained by exciton recombination at an isoelectronic centre. One of the particles of the exciton is weakly bound, whereas the other is more tightly bound.
Recognizing Child Abuse (1992)

In 1986, the Study of National Incidence and Prevalence of Child Abuse and Neglect estimated that 300 000 children are physically abused, 140 000 are sexually abused, and 700 000 are neglected or maltreated each year in the United States. This leads to at least 1100 deaths annually. 1 Approximately 15% of abused children suffer permanent physical abnormalities, while emotional deficits and learning problems are found in almost all of these children. 2 BATTERED-CHILD SYNDROME In 1946, Caffey 3 described the unusual association of chronic subdural hematomas and long-bone fractures in infants. The traumatic nature of this syndrome was emphasized in 1953 by Silverman, 4 who noted that a history of trauma could often be elicited from parents of these infants. Not until 1962, however, did the cause of this phenomenon become nationally recognized by the medical community. In that year, Kempe and coworkers 5 coined the term battered-child syndrome
Memory Part 2: The Role of the Medial Temporal Lobe (2014)

The medial temporal lobe plays a central role in memory processing and is more than just the hippocampus.[1][1] The hippocampal formation, which forms the upper segment of the medial temporal lobe, is a heterogeneous structure consisting of the Ammon horn or Cornus Ammonis (Cornus Ammonis area 1 to
Synapsin I (Protein I), a nerve terminal-specific phosphoprotein. II. Its specific association with synaptic vesicles demonstrated by immunocytochemistry in agarose-embedded synaptosomes. (1983)

Synapsin I (protein I) is a major neuron-specific endogenous substrate for cAMP-dependent and Ca/calmodulin-dependent protein kinases that is widely distributed in synapses of the central and peripheral nervous system (De Camilli, P., R. Cameron, and P. Greengard, 1983, J. Cell Biol. 96:1337-1354). We have now carried out a detailed analysis of the ultrastructural localization of synapsin I in the synapse. For this purpose we have developed a novel immunocytochemical technique that involves the labeling of isolated synaptosomes immobilized in a thin agarose gel. Special fixation conditions were designed to maximize accessibility of synapsin I to marker molecules. Immunoferritin and immunoperoxidase studies of this preparation indicated that synapsin I is localized in the presynaptic compartment and that it is present in close to 100% of all nerve endings. Immunoferritin labeling also indicated that, inside the nerve ending, synapsin I is specifically associated with the cytoplasmic surface of synaptic vesicles. In agreement with these immunoferritin results, the labeling produced by immunoperoxidase was compatible with a specific association of synapsin I with synaptic vesicle membranes. However, at variance with the very specific distribution of immunoferritin, immunoperoxidase reaction product was also found on other membranes of the terminals, presumably as a result of its diffusion over a short distance from the synaptic vesicles. Anti-synapsin I immunoperoxidase staining of tissue sections for electron microscopy produced an uneven labeling of terminals of the neuropile, in agreement with results of a previous study (Bloom, F. E., T. Ueda, E. Battenberg, and P. Greengard, 1979, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 76:5982-5986). A comparison with results obtained in isolated synapses indicates that the limited labeling of nerve endings in tissue sections results from limited and uneven penetration by marker molecules. The specific association of synapsin 1 with synaptic vesicle membranes in the great majority of nerve terminals suggests a prominent role for this phosphoprotein in the regulation of synaptic vesicle function.
Impact of O3 feeding time on TiO2 films grown by atomic layer deposition for memory capacitor applications (2007)

The effect of the O3 feeding time on the physical and electrical properties of TiO2 thin films on Ru electrodes was investigated. The density, composition, chemical state, and crystalline structure of the TiO2 films were almost identical, irrespective of the O3 feeding time, even when the TiO2 films were grown under subsaturated conditions with respect to the O3 feeding. However, increasing the O3 feeding time to more than 3s brought about surface roughening and severe local protrusion of the films, which significantly increased their leakage current density. The conduction band offset of the film surface was generally small and was not increased by increasing the O3 feeding time nor was the leakage current improved. Consequently, a minimum tox of 0.8nm with a leakage current density &amp;lt;∼1×10−7A∕cm2 at an applied voltage of 0.8V was achieved at an O3 feeding time of 2–3s.
Colorimetric Method for Determination of Ethanol in Presence of Methanol (1981)

A method is described for the determination of ethanol in the presence of methanol without pre-separation. The sample is oxidized to give acetaldehyde and formaldehyde. 2-Thiobarbituric acid reagent is added and selectively forms a pink adduct with acetaldehyde, but not with formaldehyde. The method is sensitive, obeys Beer's law in the concentration range 18-80 microgram/mL, and has an advantage over other methods because it does not detect any "apparent normal value" of alcohol in blood.
The Autokey Security Architecture, Protocol and Algorithms (2006)

This report is an update of a previous report TR 03-2-1 of the same name and author and published in February, 2003. It describes the Autokey security model for authenticating servers to clients using the Network Time Protocol (NTP) and public key cryptography. its design is based on the premise that IPSEC schemes cannot be adopted intact, since that would preclude stateless servers and severely compromise timekeeping accuracy. In addition, PKI schemes presume authenticated time values are always available to enforce certificate lifetimes; however, cryptographically verified timestamps require interaction between the timekeeping function and authentication function in ways not yet considered by the IETF. This report includes the Autokey requirements analysis, design principles and protocol specification. A detailed description of the protocol states, events and transition functions is included. A prototype of the Autokey design based on this report has been implemented, tested and documented in the NTP Version 4 (NTPv4) software distribution for Unix, Windows and VMS at http://www.ntp.org.
Parameter identification of transfer functions using an improved vector fitting method (2008)

The paper presents an improved vector fitting method for the approximation of the non-flat amplitude-frequency response curve of an antenna used in near-field measurements. The method introduces a first order derivative and a post-multiplication of the coefficient matrix by a diagonal matrix to the standard vector fitting method. Simulation and application results showed that the improved methodology can approximate the finer details of the actual frequency response curve better. It also produces a higher fitting accuracy when compared to the general vector fitting method. The improved method also has the advantage of requiring a smaller sample size in the frequency domain.
Aerobic Oxidation of Amines Catalyzed by Polymer-Incarcerated Au Nanoclusters: Effect of Cluster Size and Cooperative Functional Groups in the Polymer (2011)

Abstract Aerobic oxidation reaction of amines to imines catalyzed by polymer-incarcerated Au nanoclusters (PI-Au) was developed. The effect of cluster size for this oxidation reaction was carefully examined using the same polymer support. We have succeeded in preparation of various PI-Au catalysts containing different size clusters by modification of standard preparation methods. The size of clusters and their distribution were analyzed by electron microscopy. Interestingly, catalysts containing relatively larger clusters (&amp;gt;5 nm) showed higher activity in aerobic oxidation of amines than catalysts containing smaller clusters (1–3 nm) that showed much better activity for aerobic oxidation of alcohols. In addition, novel Au nanocluster catalysts immobilized on newly prepared polymer with tertiary amine groups were developed and they showed excellent activity for aerobic oxidation of amines to imines. The relation between cluster size and catalytic activity and role of tertiary amine in polymer were discussed. These catalysts could be applied to aerobic oxidative deprotection of p-methoxybenzyl groups.
A structural study of phosphate‐methylated d(CpG)n and d(GpC)n DNA oligomers. Implications of phosphate shielding for the isomerisation of B‐DNA into Z‐DNA (1989)

Abstract It is shown that the phosphate‐methylated DNA miniduplex d(CpG) 2 adopts a left‐handed Z‐type structure, whereas the phosphate‐methylated miniduplex d(GpC) 2 is right‐handed. Furthermore, it is shown that elongation of the systems to the tetramer level results in right‐handed duplexes with rather low stability. The phosphate‐methylated hexamer d(CpGpCpGpCpG) is present in the single‐strand form. It is suggested that these results are of interest in the understanding of the exact role of salt cations in stabilizing the Z‐DNA structure of natural duplexes d(CpG…CpG) 2 in high salt solution, since the methylated phosphate groups in fact mimic the situation of complete phosphate‐charge shielding. Therefore, it is concluded that exclusive cation‐phosphate complexation in the d(CpG) 2 segments stabilizes the Z structure. 31 P‐NMR experiments on the natural duplex d(CpGpCpGpCpG) 2 at different concentrations of Mg 2+ provided independent proof for the proposed model.
Gingivitis as a risk factor in periodontal disease (2009)

Based on this longitudinal study on the natural history of periodontitis in a dentally well-maintained male population it can be concluded that persistent gingivitis represents a risk factor for periodontal attachment loss and for tooth loss.
Toward modeling ad hoc networks: current situation and future direction (2013)

The last decade has witnessed a tremendous increase in both the number of mobile devices and also the consumer demand for mobile data communication. As a consequence, networking technologies are shifting from traditional highly centralized toward future organically distributed so as to meet such great demand. As the most general networking architecture, ad hoc network has long been regarded as the most challenging to design and quantify, due to the possible hybrid component settings and heterogeneous node behaviors there. Toward this end, we review the current state of the art of analytical models and techniques developed for performance analysis in ad hoc networks. Specifically, we discuss modeling techniques related to the fundamental topics in ad hoc network research: node mobility, wireless interference, node spatial distribution, and information delivery process. Besides discussions of advantages and limitations of available models, promising future research directions are also outlined.
Energy consumption comparison between macro-micro and public femto deployment in a plausible LTE network (2011)

We study the energy consumptions of two strategies that increase the capacity of an LTE network: (1) the deployment of redundant macro and micro base stations by the operator at locations where the traffic is high, and (2) the deployment of publicly accessible femto base stations by home users. Previous studies show the deployment of publicly accessible residential femto base stations is considerably more energy efficient; however, the results are proposed using an abstracted model of LTE networks, where the coverage constraint was neglected in the study, as well as some other important physical and traffic layer specifications of LTE networks. We study a realistic scenario where coverage is provided by a set of non-redundant macro-micro base stations and additional capacity is provided by redundant macro-micro base stations or by femto base stations. We quantify the energy consumption of macro-micro and femto deployment strategies by using a simulation of a plausible LTE deployment in a mid-size metropolitan area, based on data obtained from an operator and using detailed models of heterogeneous devices, traffic, and physical layers. The metrics of interest are operator-energy-consumption/total-energy-consumption per unit of network capacity.
The Waseda Flutist Robot No.4 Refined IV: From a musical partner to a musical teaching tool (2008)

Up to now, different kinds of musical performance robots have been developed. MPRs are designed to closely reproduce the human organs involved during the playing of musical instruments. Our research on the Waseda Flutist Robot has been focused on clarifying the human motor control from an engineering point of view. As a result, the Waseda Flutist Robot No. 4 Refined IV (WF-4RIV) is able of playing the flute nearly similar to an intermediate player. Thanks to the human-like design and the advanced technical skills displayed by the WF-4RIV, novel ways of musical education can be conceived. In this paper; the General Transfer Skill System (GTSS) is implemented on the flutist robot, towards enabling the automated transfer of technical skills from the robot to flutist beginners. A set of experiments are carried out to verify the evaluation and interaction modules of the GTSS. From the experimental results, the robot is able of quantitatively evaluating the performance of beginners, and automatically recognizing the melodies performed by them.
[Immunoenzyme analysis of monoclonal antibodies on solid-phase infected cells]. (1986)

Monoclonal MAK-14-7 antibodies to the surface antigen of Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis virus and OKA series to vaccinia virus antigens were studied by enzyme-immunoassay (EIA) on the solid phase of the infected Vero, BHK-21, and HeLa cells. The immunoglobulins under study from the culture and ascitic fluids of hybridomas were shown to bind specifically with the appropriate antigens of the infected cells. The activity of monoclonal antibodies to viral antigens in EIA on the solid phase of the infected cells was 10-fold higher than in indirect immunofluorescence test. The method has a number of useful advantages such as the simplicity of preparation of the antigen solid phase, rapidly obtainable results, long-term preservation of ready panels with the specific antigen at room temperature. The high sensitivity of the method makes it effectively useful for screening of hybrid clones producing monoclonal antibodies.
A Passive Approach to Wireless NIC Identification (2006)

IEEE 802.11 wireless networks are plagued with problems of unauthorized access. Left undetected, unauthorized access is the precursor to additional mischief. Current approaches to detecting intruders are invasive or can be evaded by stealthy attackers. We propose the use of spectral analysis to identify a type of wireless network interface card. This mechanism can be applied to support the detection of unauthorized systems that use wireless network interface cards that are different from that of a legitimate system. The approach is passive and works in the presence of encrypted traffic.
T cell lines recognizing the 70-kD protein of U1 small nuclear ribonucleoprotein (U1snRNP) (1995)

In sera of patients with mixed connective tissue disease (MCTD) high titres of IgG autoantibodies to U1snRNP-specific proteins (70 kD, A, C) are found, suggesting an antigen-driven and T-cell-dependent process. In order to establish U1snRNP-specific T cell lines we cultured under various culture conditions mononuclear cells from MCTD patients and healthy donors with a highly purified UsnRNP preparation from HeLa cells. Nine T cell lines were established by limiting dilution cloning from two MCTD patients and five T cell lines from a healthy individual. All T cell lines expressed the TCR alpha beta/CD3 complex. Surprisingly, most of the T cells lines exhibited the CD8 phenotype. Irrespective of this phenotype, all T cell lines showed a proliferative response to an N-terminal part (aa 51-195) of recombinant U1-specific 70-kD protein. One CD8+ T cell clone exhibited cytotoxic activity against an autologous B cell line pulsed with snRNP or recombinant fragments (aa 51-95 and aa 51-88). Interestingly, two T cell lines proliferated in response to four recombinant polypeptides representing different parts of the U1snRNP 70-kD protein. Since regions of sequence homology are distributed over the 70-kD molecule, it is suggested that conserved motifs may be recognized by the T cell lines.
Experimental study of the evaporation and expansion of a solid pellet in a plasma heated by an electron beam (2004)

Results are presented from experiments on the injection of solid pellets into a plasma heated by an electron beam in the GOL-3 device. For this purpose, two pellet injectors were installed in the device. The target plasma with a density of ∼1015 cm−3 was produced in a solenoid with a field of 4.8 T and was heated by a highpower electron beam with an electron energy of ∼1 MeV, a duration of ∼7 s, and a total energy of 120–150 kJ. Before heating, the pellet was injected into the center of the plasma column transversely to the magnetic field. The injection point was located at a distance of 6.5 or 2 m from the input magnetic mirror. Polyethylene pellets with a mass of 0.1–1 mg and lithium-deuteride pellets with a mass of 0.02–0.5 mg were used. A few microseconds after the electron beam starts to be injected into the plasma, a dense plasma bunch is formed. In the initial stage of expansion, the plasma bunch remains spherically symmetric. The plasma at the periphery of the bunch is then heated and becomes magnetized. Next, the dense plasma expands along the magnetic field with a velocity on the order of 300 km/s. A comparison of the measured parameters with calculations by a hydrodynamic model shows that, in order to provide such a high expansion velocity, the total energy density deposited in the pellet must be ∼1 kJ/cm2. This value substantially exceeds the energy density yielded by the target plasma; i.e., the energy is concentrated across the magnetic field onto a dense plasma bunch produced from the evaporated particle.