gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
IC‐P3‐215: Automated image processing algorithms for evaluating novel 123‐Iodine‐labeled beta‐amyloid imaging agents MNI‐187 and MNI‐308 in Alzheimer's patients (2008)

There is intense interest in an optimal radiopharmaceutical for multicenter SPECT or PET evaluation in drug development trials of amyloid-targeting therapies. Our development of a series of novel investigational radioligands binding to beta-amyloid (a-beta) in Alzheimer's disease (AD) requires an objective method for analyzing brain regional uptake for critical comparison between candidate radioligands in AD patients and controls. A library of MATLAB scripts were written to automatically generate time-activity SUV curves for selected brain volumes of interest (VOI) in AD patients and healthy controls participating in dynamic clinical imaging evaluation of the novel 123-I labeled a-beta imaging agents MNI-187 and MNI-308. Briefly, the Objective, Generalized Radiotracer Analysis (OGRE) program accepts reconstructed image volumes, registers to a standardized brain template (AAL), applies an attenuation correction, extracts count density data from specified brain regions, develops decay-corrected time-activity curves (TAC), calculates VOI:cerebellar ratios, and exports the TAC for compartmental pixel-wise modeling. Comparison was made to the SUV ratios over time obtained by an experienced image processor. The TACs developed by OGRE were equivalent to those obtained by manual VOI placement by an experienced image processor. In addition, repeat analyses of the same dataset by OGRE produced identical TACs and SUV ratios. It is feasible to incorporate highly objective and standardized image analysis methods in the efficient evaluation of novel imaging agents being evaluated in humans as an imaging biomarker of brain a-beta. Once validated such methods will be of significant utility in facilitating multicenter imaging evaluation in AD therapeutic trials of amyloid-targeting treatments.
Solid-Duty-Control Technique for Alleviating the Right-Half-Plane Zero Effect in Continuous Conduction Mode Boost Converters (2011)

This paper proposes a solid-duty-control (SDC) technique for application in boost converters to maintain a constant duty value and reduce dip voltage during load transient periods. Fast transient response was also achieved because of the variable transient enhancement controller. The proposed SDC technique can provide a stable and regulated output for edge-lit light-emitting diode backlight systems. This converter was used in a 0.25-μm CMOS process. Experimental results show that compared with a conventional design without a fast transient technique, the proposed approach yields about 30% and 80% improvement in undershoot voltage and recovery time, respectively, as load current changes from 50 to 250 mA.
Probing with randomly interleaved pulse train bridges the gap between ultrafast pump-probe and nanosecond flash photolysis (2016)

Despite the long-standing importance of transient absorption (TA) spectroscopy, many researchers remain frustrated by the difficulty of measuring the nanosecond range in a wide spectral range. To address this shortcoming, we propose a TA spectrophotometer in which there is no synchronization between a pump pulse and a train of multiple probe pulses from a picosecond supercontinuum light source, termed the randomly-interleaved-pulse-train (RIPT) method. For each pump pulse, many monochromatized probe pulses impinge upon the sample, and the associated pump-probe time delays are determined passively shot by shot with subnanosecond accuracy. By repeatedly pumping with automatically varying time delays, a TA temporal profile that covers a wide dynamic range from subnanosecond to milliseconds is simultaneously obtained. By scanning wavelength, this single, simple apparatus acquires not only wide time range TA profiles, but also broadband TA spectra from the visible through the near-infrared regions. Furthermore, we present a typical result to demonstrate how the RIPT method may be used to correct for fluorescence, which often pollutes TA curves.
LAWSONIA INERMIS LINNAEUS: A PHYTOPHARMACOLOGICAL REVIEW (2010)

Lawsonia inermis L. is a much branched glabrous shrub or small tree, cultivated for its leaves although stem bark, roots, flowers and seeds have also been used in traditional medicine. The plant is reported to contain carbohydrates, proteins, flavonoids, tannins and phenolic compounds, alkaloids, terpenoids, quinones, coumarins, xanthones and fatty acids. The plant has been reported to have analgesic, hypoglycemic, hepatoprotective, immunostimulant, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antimicrobial, antifungal, antiviral, antiparasitic, antitrypanosomal, antidermatophytic, antioxidant, antifertility, tuberculostatic and anticancer properties. It is now considered as a valuable source of unique natural products for development of medicines against various diseases and also for the development of industrial products. This review gives a bird’s eye view mainly on the pharmacognostic characteristics, traditional uses, phytochemistry and pharmacological actions of the plant.
The liquid-to-solid transition of FUS is promoted by the condensate surface (2023)

A wide range of macromolecules can undergo phase separation, forming biomolecular condensates in living cells. These membraneless organelles are typically highly dynamic, formed reversibly, and carry out essential functions in biological systems. Crucially, however, a further liquid-to-solid transition of the condensates can lead to irreversible pathological aggregation and cellular dysfunction associated with the onset and development of neurodegenerative diseases. Despite the importance of this liquid-to-solid transition of proteins, the mechanism by which it is initiated in normally functional condensates is unknown. Here we show, by measuring the changes in structure, dynamics, and mechanics in time and space, that single-component FUS condensates do not uniformly convert to a solid gel, but rather that liquid and gel phases coexist simultaneously within the same condensate, resulting in highly inhomogeneous structures. Furthermore, our results show that this transition originates at the interface between the condensate and the dilute continuous phase, and once initiated, the gelation process propagates toward the center of the condensate. To probe such spatially inhomogeneous rheology during condensate aging, we use a combination of established micropipette aspiration experiments together with two optical techniques, spatial dynamic mapping and reflective confocal dynamic speckle microscopy. These results reveal the importance of the spatiotemporal dimension of the liquid-to-solid transition and highlight the interface of biomolecular condensates as a critical element in driving pathological protein aggregation.
Adaptive predistortion lineariser using polynomial functions (1994)

Linear modulation methods are highly sensitive to high power amplifier nonlinearities. An adaptive predistortion lineariser using polynomial functions is described. An important problem faced in optimisation of nonlinear circuits such as predistortion linearisers is that of convergence into a local minimum. This results from the nonquadratic shape of the objective functions. A solution to this problem is presented using a postdistorter with similar polynomial functions as the predistorter. A sample of the signals at the power amplifier output and predistorter input are demodulated. These demodulated signals are used for estimation of the postdistorter polynomial coefficients. The objective functions used in the estimation are quadratic functions of the coefficients being estimated resulting in a rapid convergence to the global minimum. The coefficients of the predistorter polynomials are set from those of the postdistorter. Computer simulation results for the proposed lineariser are presented. These results show 50 dB spectrum spreading improvement. Further, unlike previously reported linearisers, the proposed lineariser is insensitive to the demodulator gain and phase imperfections. The performance of the proposed lineariser structured with fifth order polynomial functions is also compared with that for earlier polynomial type linearisers.
Heparin Induces Release of Phospholipase A2 into the Splanchnic Circulation (2000)

Cardiopulmonary bypass results in increased plasma activity of phospholipase A2 (PLA2) that appears to be caused by the administration of heparin. High PLA2 activity may be responsible for increased production of eicosanoids and, thus, may be implicated in various pathophysiologic events associated with cardiac surgery. To investigate the site of PLA2 secretion, blood samples were simultaneously collected from the radial artery, the pulmonary artery, and the hepatic vein at 2, 4, 6, and 20 min after systemic heparinization (350 U/kg). Within 2 min of the heparin injection, plasma activity of PLA2 increased 4- to 9-fold and remained so for at least 20 min. Two minutes after the heparin injection, PLA2 was significantly higher in the hepatic vein than in the radial artery (P < 0.01). No such difference was detected between pulmonary and radial arteries. When heparin was added to blood samples in vitro (5–100 U/mL), plasma activity of PLA2 did not increase, which suggests that the enzyme was not secreted by blood cells. Implications Heparin, given in the dosage required for cardiopulmonary bypass, caused release of phospholipase A2 into the splanchnic circulation.
Special report: NABshow 2011 (2011)

Paul Dempsey picks some highlights from NABshow 2011, which drew media professionals to Las Vegas from over 150 countries.
Stimuli-Responsive Photoacoustic Nanoswitch for in Vivo Sensing Applications (2014)

Photoacoustic imaging provides high-resolution images at depths beyond the optical diffusion limit. To broaden its utility, there is need for molecular sensors capable of detecting environmental stimuli through alterations in photoacoustic signal. Photosynthetic organisms have evolved ingenious strategies to optimize light absorption through nanoscale ordered dye aggregation. Here, we use this concept to synthesize a stimuli-responsive nanoswitch with a large optical absorbance and sensing capabilities. Ordered dye aggregation between light-harvesting porphyrins was achieved through intercalation within thermoresponsive nanovesicles. This causes an absorbance red-shift of 74 nm and a 2.7-fold increase in absorptivity of the Qy-band, with concomitant changes in its photoacoustic spectrum. This spectral feature can be reversibly switched by exceeding a temperature threshold. Using this thermochromic property, we noninvasively determined a localized temperature change in vivo, relevant for monitoring thermal therapies of solid tumors. Similar strategies may be applied alongside photoacoustic imaging, to detect other stimuli such as pH and enzymatic activity.
Use of Living Attenuated Measles-Virus Vaccine in Early Infancy (1960)

ENDERS and his associates1 2 3 4 have described the recovery of measles virus in human and animal-cell cultures and the propagation of the virus in embryonated hen's eggs and in cultures of chick embryo. Virus grown in tissue culture was characterized by marked attenuation of virulence for monkeys, failing to cause clinical illness, detectable viremia or recognizable changes in the central nervous system. Such attenuated virus induced only mild clinical illness in children inoculated subcutaneously. Neutralizing and complement-fixing antibodies against measles developed in the recipients in titers comparable to those of convalescents from natural measles.The present study was undertaken to determine . . .
Preoperative pneumoperitoneum in the surgical preparation of complex eventrations (2021)

Revista monográfica de cirugía de la pared abdominal, digital y en lengua española. Artículos originales de investigación, editoriales, imágenes clínicas, cartas al director, reseñas de publicaciones, etc.
Glycoproteins and proteoglycans of the chromaffin granule matrix. (1982)

Chromaffin granules have been purified from bovine adrenal medulla and the soluble proteins fractionated by chromatography on DEAE-cellulose. This procedure allowed isolation of the chromogranins (a class of related acidic glycoproteins) and of two proteoglycans, as well as a fraction highly enriched in dopamine 8hydroxylase. Oligosaccharides and glycopeptides were fractionated and purified by ion-exchange, thin layer, and affinity chromatography, and their structural properties were studied by methylation analysis and specific degradations. The chromogranins contain 5.4% carbohydrate consisting predominantly of 0-glycosidically linked triand tetrasaccharides composed of N-acetylgalactosamine, galactose, and sialic acid (N-acetyl-(AcNeu) and/ o r N-glycolylneuraminic (GcNeu) acid), as well as a small proportion of N-glycosidically linked oligosaccharide units. One-half of the 0-glycosidically linked carbohydrate is released by alkaline borohydride in the form of the trisaccharides AcNeu(a2 + 3)Gal(81 -P 3)GalNAcol (N-acetyl-D-galactosaminitol) (40%) and GcNeu(a2 + 3)Gal(81-+ 3)GalNAcol(lO%). The tetrasaccharide components consist of AcNeu(a2 + 3)Gal(fl1 + 3)[AcNeu(a2 + 6)IGalNAcol (20%), GcNeu(a2 -P 8)GcNeu(a2 + 6)[Gal(fll+ 3)]GalNAcol(7%), as well as 16 and 78 , respectively, of the tetrasaccharide structures given above but in which the two types of sialic acid cannot be individually assigned to specific linkage positions. After fractionation of the chromogranins by gel filtration, it was found that these oligosaccharides are not uniformly distributed as a function of chromogranin size, insofar as the largest chromogranins (chromogranin A) contain predominantly trisaccharides, whereas the tetrasaccharides are concentrated in the chromogranins of intermediate molecular size. The chromaffin granule matrix also contains two proteoglycans (I and 11) in which the glycosaminoglycan component consists of 48% dermatan sulfate, 2324% each of chondroitin 4and 6-sulfate, and 5% heparan sulfate. Nand 0-glycosidically linked glycoprotein oligosaccharides are also present. Although the two proteoglycans appear to have very similar o r identical protein moieties, proteoglycan 11 has twice the concentration of glycosaminoglycans and one-halfthe concentration of 0-glycosidically linked oligosaccharides (primarily disialyl derivatives of Gal(B1 + 3)GalNAc) as compared to proteoglycan I. .* This work was supported by Grants NS-09348 and NS-13876 from the National Institutes of Health, Grant BNS-7915410 from the National Science Foundation, and a grant from the Sigrid Juse1iu.q Foundation, Finland. The costs of publication of this article were defrayed in part by the payment of page charges. This article must therefore be hereby marked “advertisement” in accordance with 18 U.S.C. Section 1734 solely to indicate this fact.
High adherence to all-oral directly acting antiviral HCV therapy among an inner-city patient population in a phase 2a study (2015)

Adherence to short courses of DAA therapy with 1-3 pills a day was excellent in an urban population with multiple risk factors for non-adherence.
On the Reported Rearrangement of 2,4,7-Tribromotropone to 3,5-Dibromobenzamide (1954)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTOn the Reported Rearrangement of 2,4,7-Tribromotropone to 3,5-DibromobenzamideW. von E. Doering and Adnan Abdul-rida SayighCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1954, 76, 1, 39–41Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1954Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1954https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01630a010https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01630a010research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views74Altmetric-Citations5LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Direct observation of detrimental defects in ceramics (2002)

An optical microscopy in the transmission mode technique reveals that large pores exist in commercial Al 2 O 3 and Si 3 N 4 and that they are directly related to the strength variation of these ceramics.
MHC/Peptide-Specific Interaction of the Humoral Immune System: A New Category of Antibodies (2015)

Abs bind to unprocessed Ags, whereas cytotoxic CD8(+) T cells recognize peptides derived from endogenously processed Ags presented in the context of class I MHC complexes. We screened, by ELISA, human sera for Abs reacting specifically with the influenza matrix protein (IMP)-derived peptide(58-66) displayed by HLA-A*0201 complexes. Among 653 healthy volunteers, blood donors, and women on delivery, high-titered HLA-A*0201/IMP(58-66) complex-specific IgG Abs were detected in 11 females with a history of pregnancies and in 1 male, all HLA-A*0201(-). These Abs had the same specificity as HLA-A*0201/IMP(58-66)-specific cytotoxic T cells and bound neither to HLA-A*0201 nor the peptide alone. No such Abs were detected in HLA-A*0201(+) volunteers. These Abs were not cross-reactive to other self-MHC class I alleles displaying IMP(58-66), but bound to MHC class I complexes of an HLA nonidentical offspring. HLA-A*0201/IMP(58-66) Abs were also detected in the cord blood of newborns, indicating that HLA-A*0201/IMP(58-66) Abs are produced in HLA-A*0201(-) mothers and enter the fetal blood system. That Abs can bind to peptides derived from endogenous Ags presented by MHC complexes opens new perspectives on interactions between the cellular and humoral immune system.
Measurements On Hydrogen Evolution In Fiberoptic Cables By 1240 nm OTDR (1990)

This paper reports a simple method for testing hydrogen generation in fiberoptic cables by using a 1240 nm OTDR. The performance of an OTDR module operating at 1238 nm is compared to spectral attenuation measurements around the hydrogen peak located at 1244 nm, and it is found that the OTDR is able to detect approximately half the peak level. This ratio is fairly constant at peak hydrogen levels exceeding -0.15 dB/km. The OTDR shows excellent stability vs. time and temperature which makes it an excellent tool for field measurements. Some test cables, mainly submarine types, have been tested with this OTDR module and compared with 1300 nm OTDR measurements. Local hydrogen sources along cables have been identified by this procedure from the OTDR return signals.
Bandwidth Estimation for Network Quality of Service Management (2007)

Estimation of Available Bandwidth (AB) for an end-to-end network path allows traffic sources to judiciously regulate the volume of application traffic injected into the network. Bandwidth estimation between two red-black network boundary nodes can enable efficient admission control of new sessions and congestion control of existing sessions through the black network. In this paper we have modified two bandwidth efficient AB estimation mechanisms - ProbeGap and Resource Friendly Bandwidth Estimation (RFBE), and evaluated their performance over a crypto-partitioned red-black network. ProbeGap has been augmented with skew compensation and bunching of probe packets to yield better estimation results. RFBE has been completely modified and the fast packet classification is based on inter-arrival times of probe packets at sender and receiver, since the results using the originally proposed method were affected by clock-skew between sender and receiver.
Ligand Induced Circular Dichroism and Circularly Polarized Luminescence in CdSe Quantum Dots (2013)

Chiral thiol capping ligands L- and D-cysteines induced modular chiroptical properties in achiral cadmium selenide quantum dots (CdSe QDs). Cys-CdSe prepared from achiral oleic acid capped CdSe by postsynthetic ligand exchange displayed size-dependent electronic circular dichroism (CD) and circularly polarized luminescence (CPL). Opposite CPL signals were measured for the CdSe QDs capped with D- and L-cysteine. The CD profile and CD anisotropy varied with size of CdSe nanocrystals with largest anisotropy observed for CdSe nanoparticles of 4.4 nm. Magic angle spinning solid state NMR (MAS ssNMR) experiments suggested bidentate interaction between cysteine and the surface of CdSe. Time Dependent Density Functional Theory (TDDFT) calculations verified that attachment of L- and D-cysteine to the surface of model (CdSe)13 nanoclusters induces measurable opposite CD signals for the exitonic band of the nanocluster. The origin of the induced chirality is consistent with the hybridization of highest occupied CdSe molecular orbitals with those of the chiral ligand.
The Precipitation Behavior of Superalloy ATI Allvac 718Plus (2010)

Abstract ATI Allvac 718Plus is a novel nickel‐based superalloy, which was designed for heavy‐duty applications in aerospace gas turbines. The precipitation kinetics of the intermetallic δ (Ni 3 Nb) and γ′ (Ni 3 (Al,Ti)) phases in this alloy are of scientific as well as technological interest because of their significant influence on the mechanical properties. Important parameters like grain size are controlled by coarse δ precipitates located at grain boundaries, whereas small γ′ precipitates are responsible for strengthening by precipitation hardening. In the present study, the microstructure is investigated by three‐dimensional atom probe tomography and simulated by computer modeling using the thermo‐kinetic software MatCalc. The results of numerical simulations and experimental data are compared and critically discussed. It is shown that the chemical compositions of the phases change during isothermal aging, and the precipitation kinetics of δ and γ′ phases interact with each other as shown in a time temperature precipitation (TTP) plot. The TTP plot shows C‐shaped curves with characteristic discontinuities in the temperature range, where simultaneous and concurrent precipitation of the δ and γ′ phases occurs. This leads to a competition in the diffusion of Nb and Al, which are partly present in both phases. Thus, the present study gives important information on heat treatments for ATI Allvac 718Plus in order to achieve the desired microstructure and mechanical properties.