gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Novel Neutral and Cationic Aluminium Alkyl Complexes Supported by Potentially Tridentate O,N,L‐Type Aminophenolate Ligands and Their Use in Propylene Oxide Polymerization (2009)

Abstract Potentially tridentate O,N,L‐type aminophenol proligands of the type 2‐{CH 2 N(C 4 H 8 L)}‐6‐R‐C 6 H 3 OH ( 1a : R = Ph, L = O; 1b : R = Ph, L = NMe; 1c : R = t Bu, L = O; 1d : R = t Bu, L′ = NMe) and 6‐{CH 2 L}‐2‐CPh 3 ‐4‐Me‐C 6 H 2 OH ( 1e : R = CPh 3 , L = O; 1f : R = CPh 3 , L′ = NMe) readily react with AlMe 3 through an alkane elimination reaction to afford the corresponding aminophenolate aluminium dimethyl complexes η 2 ‐ N , O ‐[2‐{CH 2 N(C 4 H 8 L)}‐6‐R‐C 6 H 3 O]AlMe 2 ( 2a : R = Ph, L = O; 2b : R = Ph, L = NMe; 2c : R = t Bu, L = O; 2d : R = t Bu, L′ = NMe) and η 2 ‐ N , O ‐[6‐{CH 2 (C 4 H 8 L)}‐2‐CPh 3 ‐4‐Me‐C 6 H 2 O]AlMe 2 ( 2e : R = CPh 3 , L = O; 2f : R = CPh 3 , L′ = NMe), respectively, as determined by X‐ray crystallography in the case of compounds 2b – e . These neutral Al dimethyl complexes all feature a (η 2 ‐ O , N )Al chelate, whether in solution or in the solid state, and complexes 2a , 2b , 2d and 2f may be readily ionized by B(C 6 F 5 ) 3 to yield Al cations of the type (η 3 ‐ O , N, L )AlMe + ( 3a , 3b + , 3d + and 3f + ) as dissociated MeB(C 6 F 5 ) 3 – salts in solution. The stability of these Al cations appears to be greatly dependent on the steric crowding around the Al centre. Despite ring strain associated with the coordination of the extra L ligand, the solution behaviour of such Al cations are consistent with the effective coordination of the extra L ligand to the Al metal centre under the studied conditions. Some of these cations were found to be highly active in propylene oxide (PO) polymerization under mild conditions to yield atactic PPO with a moderate polydispersity. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH &amp; Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
Rapid Thermal Diffusion of Sn from Spin‐on‐Glass into GaAs (1995)

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-16T11:32:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 WOSA1995RN05300058.pdf: 409809 bytes, checksum: c3008179c393ac81efe6053fe5b174dd (MD5) Previous issue date: 1995
The Importance of Sample Return in Establishing Chemical Evidence for Life on Mars or Other Solar System Bodies (2011)

The search for evidence of life on Mars and elsewhere will continue to be one of the primary goals of NASA s robotic exploration program over the next decade. NASA and ESA are currently planning a series of robotic missions to Mars with the goal of understanding its climate, resources, and potential for harboring past or present life. One key goal will be the search for chemical biomarkers including complex organic compounds important in life on Earth. These include amino acids, the monomer building blocks of proteins and enzymes, nucleobases and sugars which form the backbone of DNA and RNA, and lipids, the structural components of cell membranes. Many of these organic compounds can also be formed abiotically as demonstrated by their prevalence in carbonaceous meteorites [1], though, their molecular characteristics may distinguish a biological source [2]. It is possible that in situ instruments may reveal such characteristics, however, return of the right sample (i.e. one with biosignatures or having a high probability of biosignatures) to Earth would allow for more intensive laboratory studies using a broad array of powerful instrumentation for bulk characterization, molecular detection, isotopic and enantiomeric compositions, and spatially resolved chemistry that may be required for confirmation of extant or extinct Martian life. Here we will discuss the current analytical capabilities and strategies for the detection of organics on the Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) using the Sample Analysis at Mars (SAM) instrument suite and how sample return missions from Mars and other targets of astrobiological interest will help advance our understanding of chemical biosignatures in the solar system.
Detection of gratings hidden by diffusers using intensity interferometry (1984)

Photon-correlation experiments have verified the theoretical prediction of Baltes et al. [ Opt. Acta28, 11– 28 ( 1981)] that a phase grating hidden within a diffuse medium may be detected by correlation measurements. By extension of this theory to the space–time domain we have additionally verified that a simple and more reliable method of detecting the grating, valid for arbitrarily fine diffusers, is possible by temporal autocorrelation measurements of the scattered field at a single point. This method is shown to yield detailed information about the deterministic and stochastic features of the source and the source plane motion.
Factors associated with 56-day non-return rate in dairy cattle (2011)

The objective of this work was to identify factors associated with the 56-day non-return rate (56-NRR) in dairy herds in the Galician region, Spain, and to estimate it for individual Holstein bulls. The experiment was carried out in herds originated from North-West Spain, from September 2008 to August 2009. Data of the 76,440 first inseminations performed during this period were gathered. Candidate factors were tested for their association with the 56-NRR by using a logistic model (binomial). Afterwards, 37 sires with a minimum of 150 first performed inseminations were individually evaluated. Logistic models were also estimated for each bull, and predicted individual 56-NRR rate values were calculated as a solution for the model parameters. Logistic regression found four major factors associated with 56-NRR in lactating cows: age at insemination, days from calving to insemination, milk production level at the time of insemination, and herd size. First-service conception rate, when a particular sire was used, was higher for heifers (0.71) than for lactating cows (0.52). Non-return rates were highly variable among bulls. Asignificant part of the herd-level variation of 56-NRR of Holstein cattle seems attributable to the service sire. High correlation level between observed and predicted 56-NRR was found.
Pathogenic potential of adipose tissue and metabolic consequences of adipocyte hypertrophy and increased visceral adiposity (2008)

When caloric intake exceeds caloric expenditure, the positive caloric balance and storage of energy in adipose tissue often causes adipocyte hypertrophy and visceral adipose tissue accumulation. These pathogenic anatomic abnormalities may incite metabolic and immune responses that promote Type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypertension and dyslipidemia. These are the most common metabolic diseases managed by clinicians and are all major cardiovascular disease risk factors. 'Disease' is traditionally characterized as anatomic and physiologic abnormalities of an organ or organ system that contributes to adverse health consequences. Using this definition, pathogenic adipose tissue is no less a disease than diseases of other body organs. This review describes the consequences of pathogenic fat cell hypertrophy and visceral adiposity, emphasizing the mechanistic contributions of genetic and environmental predispositions, adipogenesis, fat storage, free fatty acid metabolism, adipocyte factors and inflammation. Appreciating the full pathogenic potential of adipose tissue requires an integrated perspective, recognizing the importance of 'cross-talk' and interactions between adipose tissue and other body systems. Thus, the adverse metabolic consequences that accompany fat cell hypertrophy and visceral adiposity are best viewed as a pathologic partnership between the pathogenic potential adipose tissue and the inherited or acquired limitations and/or impairments of other body organs. A better understanding of the physiological and pathological interplay of pathogenic adipose tissue with other organs and organ systems may assist in developing better strategies in treating metabolic disease and reducing cardiovascular disease risk.
Immobilized human serum albumin: Liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry as a method of determining drug–protein binding (1995)

A liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry methodology is described that enables the simultaneous estimation of the individual protein-binding affinities of a mixture of compounds. This approach has proved to be robust and enables a series of molecules to be ranked according to their protein-binding affinities within 20 minutes.
Solder joint reliability performance of electroplated SnAg mini-bumps for WLCSP applications (2010)

As microelectronic packages migrate to smaller and thinner form factors, WLCSP packaging is becoming more prevalent in the industry. In certain applications, overall WLCSP package heights are restricted to a maximum of 300um. In these situations, electroplated solder mini-bumps can be used to reduce the solder bump height to the sub-100um range. This in turn allows the use of manageable Si wafer thickness for processing. The downside of the electroplated mini-bump structures is the reduced package standoff after surface mounting, which can reduce solder joint reliability. When electroplating Pb-free solder, the composition is typically limited to a binary alloy composition. This reduces the flexibility a vendor has over the control of mechanical properties through solder alloy selection. In addition, the use of these bump structures at high temperatures can be detrimental since any intermetallic compound growth that may occur will represent a much larger volume percentage of the overall solder joint when compared to a larger bump size. This study focuses on the solder joint reliability of WLCSP devices with electroplated Sn-2.5Ag bumps. The bump size is 80um height × 120um diameter on a Cu/Ni UBM stack. Drop testing and thermal cycle testing was performed on 4×4 ball array daisy chain devices following JEDEC testing specifications, and Weibull lifetime estimation plots were created. In addition, Sn-Ni intermetallic compound (IMC) growth was characterized. Board mounted samples were aged at 125°C and 150°C for over 1000hrs. Cross sections were performed in roughly 168hr intervals in order to measure the resulting IMC layer thickness. IMC growth over time was fitted using a power relationship, and the diffusion rate constant and activation energy was calculated. It was found that thermal aging at 125°C resulted in very little IMC growth, while increasing the aging temperature to 150°C resulted in severe IMC growth. The high stress applied to the solder joint from the rapid IMC growth in the small bump area caused cracking of the UBM layer shortly after 500hrs of aging, which resulted in catastrophic failure after roughly 1000hrs. The results show that the Sn-2.5Ag mini-bump structure is quite robust through mechanical stressing of the solder joints. Depending on the final application temperature, they are an adequate interconnect structure to obtain ultra-low package thicknesses.
A Long-Term Care—Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment (LTC-CGA) Tool: Improving Care for Frail Older Adults? (2015)

The LTC-CGA is a useful resource whose full capacity may not yet have been realized.
Millimeter scale thin film batteries for integrated high energy density storage (2019)

For the first time, we experimentally demonstrated thin film batteries (TFBs) with very high electrochemical energy density storage of 0.89 mAh.cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-2</sup> at the device level. The 3.1×1.7 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> TFBs of 95μm total thickness show a discharge capacity of 25μAh and maintain 60% of this value at 0.25mA. Upon cycling, TFBs exhibit excellent capacity retention, with an average loss of 0.05% per cycle. Results at 37°C present similar performance, thus highlighting the great potential of these TFBs as integrated energy storage solution in particular for medical implantable, injectable and wearable solutions.
Purification and Properties of Acid Carboxypeptidase III from Aspergillus oryzae (1972)

Acid carboxypeptidase III from Aspergillus oryzae was purified from the rivanol non-precipitated fraction. The optimum activity of the enzyme occurred at pH 3.0 for carbobenzoxy-l-glutamyl-l-tyrosine. The enzyme was inhibited by diisopropylphosphorofluoridate and SH reagents such as p-chloromercuribenzoate and monoiodoacetate, but not by such metal chelating agents as ethylenediaminetetraacetate, αα′-dipyridyl and o-phenanthroline. The molecular weight of the enzyme was estimated to be about 61,000. The enzyme hydrolyzed the peptides that possess masked or bulky N-terminal.
Place de l’écho-endoscopie recto-sigmoïdienne avec élastométrie et produit de contraste dans l’évaluation et la prise en charge de l’endométriose pelvienne profonde avec atteinte digestive (2018)

Introduction : l'echo-endoscopie rectale complete le bilan iconographique d’endometriose pelvienne profonde (EPP) avec une sensibilite diagnostique de 90% pour les atteintes digestives. Aucune etude n'a evalue l'interet de l'echo-endoscopie avec elastometrie et contraste, outils permettant d'augmenter sa precision diagnostique, dans la caracterisation des lesions digestives d'endometriose. 
Le but de l’etude etait de determiner la valeur diagnostique et pronostique de l’echo-endoscopie avec elastometrie et contraste dans l’exploration de l’EPP avec atteinte digestive. 
Patients et methodes : il s'agit d'une etude prospective, mono centrique qui s’est tenu d’avril 2015 a janvier 2018. Etaient inclus des femmes majeures, atteintes d'EPP avec lesions digestives diagnostiquees au prealable par une imagerie avec resonnance magnetique. Chaque patiente beneficiait d'une echo-endoscopie rectale standard avec realisation d’une serie de mesures elastometriques et evaluation du rehaussement apres injection de contraste sur les nodules digestifs d’endometriose. 
Resultats : trente-trois patientes (âge moyen 34,4 ans [24 - 45]) ont ete incluses presentant 41 nodules d’endometriose digestive. Sur les 33 nodules selectionnes, 11 presentaient un hyper-rehaussement (34,4%), neuf un iso-rehaussement (28,1%) et 12 un hypo-rehaussement (37,5%). L’elastometrie moyenne des nodules, etait de 9,3 ± 5,2 [3,74 – 23,86]. La presence d’un hyper-rehaussement avec ratio elastometrique eleve semblait associee a des lesions actives presentant une meilleure reponse therapeutique. Aucune correlation statistique avec la severite de la maladie n'a pu etre demontree. 
Conclusion : l’echo-endoscopie avec elastometrie et contraste lors du bilan d’EPP permet d’enrichir de maniere simple et sure la caracterisation des lesions digestives. La mise en evidence de lesions actives (hyper-rehaussement, elastometrie elevee) pourrait permettre potentiellement de predire une meilleure reponse au traitement medical.
Photonic lattices achieved with high-power femtosecond laser microexplosion in transparent solid materials (2000)

We propose and utilize ultrashort laser pulses to tailor three-dimensional microstructures and their optical properties. When an intense femtosecond pulse was tightly focused into some transparent materials, a laser-induced microexplosion occurred, generating void holes inside the medium. When the thus-fabricated holes or cylinders were regularly organized, a microstructure with a periodic refractive index distribution was accomplished, which was liable to act as a photonic crystal structure. One-, two, and three-dimensional photonic lattices have been acquired by using this technique. Significant photonic band gap effects were confirmed by transmission measurements. The unique feature of the ultrashort laser micromachining of photonic crystal structures was the availability of arbitrary spatial geometry.
Identification of hydroxypyridinium crosslinking sites in type II collagen of bovine articular cartilage (1984)

In mature cartilage, collagen fibrils are strengthened by covalent intermolecular bonds provided by 3- hydroxypyridinium cross-linking residues. To determine the location of these trifunctional cross-links within the type II collagen molecule, CNBr peptides were analyzed from pepsin-soluble collagen and from guanidine hydrochloride insoluble collagen of bovine articular cartilage. The presence of hydroxypyridinium residues in collagen alpha chains and CNBr-derived peptides was detected by their characteristic natural fluorescence. Quantitatively, about one in three alpha chains from pepsin-soluble collagen was found to contain a hydroxypyridinium residue. Its distribution in the chains was limited to two CNBr peptides, which were purified by column chromatography on CM-cellulose and Bio-Gel P-30 followed by slab-gel electrophoresis in sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide. The composition and properties of the two peptides indicated that the main component of one was alpha 1(II)- CB9 ,7 and of the other alpha 1(II) CB12 . It was suspected that two amino-terminal telopeptides were cross-linked by hydroxylysylpyridinoline to alpha 1(II) CB9 ,7 and two carboxy-terminal telopeptides to alpha 1(II) CB12 . The properties of fluorescent CNBr peptides isolated from digests of insoluble cartilage collagen supported this conclusion. Cleavage of the 3- hydroxypyridinium ring by UV light was exploited to confirm the identity of the cross-linked peptides. On UV irradiation, one cross-linked peptide released alpha 1(II) CB9 ,7, and the other, alpha 1(II) CB12 . The findings indicate there are only two hydroxypyridinium cross-linking sites within the triple-helical region of the type II collagen molecule, probably placed symmetrically at opposite ends at residues 87 and 930, where telopeptide aldehydes are known to react to form the initial "head to tail" intermolecular bonds.
False alarm rates of three third-generation pulse oximeters in PACU, ICU and IABP patients. (2002)

The objective of this clinical study was to determine alarm rates--in particular the frequency of false positive alarms--of three third-generation pulse oximeters in the postanesthesia care unit (PACU), the intensive care unit (ICU), and in patients with an intra-aortic balloon pump (IABP): Nellcor Symphony N-3000, a Masimo IVY 2000, and Agilent Viridia CMS 2000. All alarms were classified into technical/physiological and false/correct. 235 consecutive ASA physical status I-IV patients after surgery were included into the study. In the PACU false positive alarms were rare: CMS n = 60, N-3000 n = 60, Masimo n = 87. Bland-Altman testing discovered only negligible differences of alarm rates and dropout times. Out of a total of 728 alarms 67.3% were classified as false positive in ICU-patients: 97 alarms by CMS, 176 by N-3000 and 218 by Masimo SET. If IABP was present, CMS indicated a significant smaller number of false positive alarms (n = 35, 7.2%) when compared to Masimo SET (n = 188, 38.9%) and N-3000 (n = 229, 47.4%), consecutively the majority of false positive alarms (76.2%) can be rated as a result of the interference of IABP. Unless IABP (and to a considerably smaller extent cardiac arrhythmia) is present the pulse oximeters do not differ significantly regarding sensitivity and specificity.
Guidelines for Pathologic Diagnosis of Malignant Mesothelioma 2017 Update of the Consensus Statement From the International Mesothelioma Interest Group (2017)

- There was discussion and consensus opinion regarding guidelines for (1) distinguishing benign from malignant mesothelial proliferations (both epithelioid and spindle cell lesions), (2) cytologic diagnosis of MM, (3) recognition of the key histologic features of pleural and peritoneal MM, (4) use of histochemical and immunohistochemical stains in the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of MM, (5) differentiating epithelioid MM from various carcinomas (lung, breast, ovarian, and colonic adenocarcinomas, and squamous cell and renal cell carcinomas), (6) diagnosis of sarcomatoid MM, (7) use of molecular markers in the diagnosis of MM, (8) electron microscopy in the diagnosis of MM, and (9) some caveats and pitfalls in the diagnosis of MM. Immunohistochemical panels are integral to the diagnosis of MM, but the exact makeup of panels employed is dependent on the differential diagnosis and on the antibodies available in a given laboratory. Depending on the morphology, immunohistochemical panels should contain both positive and negative markers for mesothelial differentiation and for lesions considered in the differential diagnosis. Immunohistochemical markers should have either sensitivity or specificity greater than 80% for the lesions in question. Interpretation of positivity generally should take into account the localization of the stain (eg, nuclear versus cytoplasmic) and the percentage of cells staining (>10% is suggested for cytoplasmic and membranous markers). Selected molecular markers are now being used to distinguish benign from malignant mesothelial proliferations. These guidelines are meant to be a practical diagnostic reference for the pathologist; however, some new pathologic predictors of prognosis and response to therapy are also included.
Cardiovascular Tissue Engineering (2003)

Although atherosclerosis and valvular heart disease are among the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in developed nations, the substitute blood vessels and heart valves currently available all have significant limitations. During the past 10 years, a new field called tissue engineering has emerged, and several research groups are focusing their efforts on constructing living tissue replacement blood vessels and heart valves. In 2001 several exciting developments occurred with the use of progenitor and stem cells. This article introduces the essential concepts of cardiovascular tissue engineering, reviews achievements in the field, discusses the basic developmental biology of heart valves and blood vessels, and summarizes the 2001 research on progenitor and stem cells.
Glyco-Engineered Anti-Human Programmed Death-Ligand 1 Antibody Mediates Stronger CD8 T Cell Activation Than Its Normal Glycosylated and Non-Glycosylated Counterparts (2018)

The programmed death 1 (PD-1)/programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) axis plays a central role in suppression of anti-tumor immunity. Blocking the axis by targeting PD-L1 with monoclonal antibodies is an effective and already clinically approved approach to treat cancer patients. Glyco-engineering technology can be used to optimize different properties of monoclonal antibodies, for example, binding to FcγRs. We generated two glycosylation variants of the same anti-PD-L1 antibody: one bearing core fucosylated N-glycans in its Fc part (92%) and its de-fucosylated counterpart (4%). The two glycosylation variants were compared to a non-glycosylated commercially available anti-PD-L1 antibody in various assays. No differences were observed regarding binding to PD-L1 and blocking of this interaction with its counter receptors PD-1 or CD80. The de-fucosylated anti-PD-L1 antibody showed increased FcγRIIIa binding resulting in enhanced antibody dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) activity against PD-L1<sup>+</sup> cancer cells compared to the "normal"-glycosylated variant. Both glycosylation variants showed no antibody-mediated lysis of B cells and monocytes. The non-glycosylated reference antibody showed no FcγRIIIa engagement and no ADCC activity. Using mixed leukocyte reaction it was observed that the de-fucosylated anti-PD-L1 antibody induced the strongest CD8 T cell activation determined by expression of activation markers, proliferation, and cytotoxicity against cancer cells. The systematic comparison of anti-PD-L1 antibody glycosylation variants with different Fc-mediated potencies demonstrates that our glyco-optimization approach has the potential to enhance CD8 T cell-mediated anti-tumor activity which may improve the therapeutic benefit of anti-PD-L1 antibodies.