gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Optofluidic Fiber Component for Separation and counting of Micron-Sized Particles (2021)

Abstract An all-fiber separation component capable of sorting and counting micron-sized particles based on size is presented. A sequence of silica fiber capillaries with various diameters and longitudinal cavities were used to fabricate the component for separation and detection in an uninterrupted flow. Fluorescence microparticles of 1 μm and 10 μm sizes are mixed in a visco-elastic fluid and infused into the all-fiber separation component. Elasto-inertial forces focus the larger particle to the center of the silica capillary, while the smaller microparticles exit from a side capillary. Analysis of the separated particles at the output showed a separation efficiency of 100% for the 10 μm and 97% for the 1 μm particles. In addition, the counting of the larger particles is demonstrated in the same flow. The separated 10 μm particles are further routed through another all-fiber component for counting. A counting speed of ~1400 particles/min and with the variation in amplitude of 10% is achived. A combination of separation and counting can be powerful tool may find several applications in biology and medicine, such as separation and analysis of exosomes, bacteria, and blood cell sub-populations.
A highly fault tolerant PLA architecture for failure-prone nanometer CMOS and novel quantum device technologies (2004)

Nanometer-scale CMOS devices, as well as new devices based on quantum technologies, are expected to gradually replace current CMOS devices within the next ten to fifteen years. However it is expected that these devices will be prone to failures of several types, until radically new fabrication processes yet to be developed stabilize, and error absorbing methodologies adapted to expected failures are developed and massively applied. This paper proposes a method and the underlying system architecture for improving the fault-tolerance, based on a feed-forward four layer structure which can accommodate deep submicron CMOS circuits and novel quantum structures. Simulation results show a significant improvement of yield with respect to widely applied triple-redundancy and majority voting techniques. A programmable logic array arrangement of the proposed architecture is demonstrated.
Automated assignment and scheduling of service personnel (1994)

When a major appliance or office machine breaks down, the vendor usually sends a field service technician to do the repairs. This sounds simple enough, but when the company has hundreds of field personnel covering a large area, and thousands of incoming calls each day, coordinating assignments and scheduling service workers can be a logistical nightmare. When a call comes into a traditional automated field service network, the person taking the call creates a call order in a database application called a service management system, or SMS. The author discusses the 3M Sage Decision Optimizer that works at the back end of an existing system for dispatching field service technicians. The embedded component combines optimization and constrained heuristic search to schedule resources better than in either manual or existing automated methods.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Proceedings of the Dielectrics for Nanosystems 6: Materials Science, Processing, Reliablity and Manufacturing Symposium (2014)

International audience
RDMA read based rendezvous protocol for MPI over InfiniBand (2006)

Message Passing Interface (MPI) is a popular parallel programming model for scientific applications. Most high-performance MPI implementations use Rendezvous Protocol for efficient transfer of large messages. This protocol can be designed using either RDMA Write or RDMA Read. Usually, this protocol is implemented using RDMA Write. The RDMA Write based protocol requires a two-way handshake between the sending and receiving processes. On the other hand, to achieve low latency, MPI implementations often provide a polling based progress engine. The two-way handshake requires the polling progress engine to discover multiple control messages. This in turn places a restriction on MPI applications that they should call into the MPI library to make progress. For compute or I/O intensive applications, it is not possible to do so. Thus, most communication progress is made only after the computation or I/O is over. This hampers the computation to communication overlap severely, which can have a detrimental impact on the overall application performance. In this paper, we propose several mechanisms to exploit RDMA Read and selective interrupt based asynchronous progress to provide better computation/communication overlap on InfiniBand clusters. Our evaluations reveal that it is possible to achieve nearly complete computation/communication overlap using our RDMA Read with Interrupt based Protocol. Additionally, our schemes yield around 50% better communication progress rate when computation is overlapped with communication. Further, our application evaluation with Linpack (HPL) and NAS-SP (Class C) reveals that MPI_Wait time is reduced by around 30% and 28%, respectively, for a 32 node InfiniBand cluster. We observe that the gains obtained in the MPI_Wait time increase as the system size increases. This indicates that our designs have a strong positive impact on scalability of parallel applications.
Performance evaluation of new multicast architecture with network coding (2003)

In order to enhance multicast communication, it is important to investigate effects of network coding which can be a typical application of active network. In this paper, we study the feasibility of network coding based multicast architecture from performance aspect. We first show that the network coding based multicast has not only high transmission capacity with the max-flow, which is an original purpose of network coding, but also a load balancing effect which mitigates concentration of traffic load in a network. Then, with a computer simulation, we evaluate network coding based multicast in terms of both of the max-flow and load balancing.
Introduction: exploring professional ethics (2004)

Our present concern with ethics distinguishes this age from others. (Davis, 1999, p. 3) Many commentators have noted the recent growth of interest in ethics in the western world. Numerous factors have contributed to this, including: developments in biomedical science (especially genetics), leading to a questioning of the nature and value of human life and personal identity; a growing awareness of human-induced ecological changes and their interrelationship with global business interests; and increasing publicity given to 'scandals' surrounding senior figures in public life. According to Davis (1999, p. 20): 'the ethics boom is primarily a boom in "professional ethics" and other forms of "applied" (or "practical") ethics'.KeywordsService UserProfessional PracticeOccupational GroupMoral PhilosophyEthical TheoryThese keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
A Study on Detecting Network Anomalies Using Sampled Flow Statistics (2007)

We investigate how to detect network anomalies using flow statistics obtained through packet sampling. First, we show that network anomalies generating a huge number of small flows, such as network scans or SYN flooding, become dificult to detect when we execute packet sampling. This is because such flows are more unlikely to be sampled than normal flows. As a solution to this problem, we then show that spatially partitioning the monitored traffic into groups and analyzing the traffic of individual groups can increase the detectability of such anomalies. We also show the effectiveness of the partitioning method using network measurement data.
The Demand of Energy Imports from Non-Renewable Resources in Eu-27 Economy (2023)

Energy imports and the transition to renewable energy sources are of critical importance in the current geopolitical context, which necessitates concrete actions to tackle the energy crisis at the European Union level. The study aims to explore the impact of imported non-renewable energy resources on the EU-27 economy. It examines the correlations and causal relationships between GDP, GVA, R&amp;amp;amp;D investments, and energy imports from 2000 to 2021. Data normality was assessed using the Shapiro-Wilk test, while Pearson&amp;#039;s test identified correlations between variables. Linear and multiple regression analyses were conducted to determine the effects of changes in independent variables on dependent variables. The study found a strong association between natural gas imports and GDP, with increases in GDP leading to a more than fourfold rise in imports. Furthermore, multiple regression analysis indicated that a 1% increase in R&amp;amp;amp;D investments results in a 2.21% decrease in fossil fuel imports in 91.7% of cases. This suggests that R&amp;amp;amp;D investments contribute to improved efficiency and the use of renewable energy sources.
Nutrient Requirements in Various Clinical Conditions (1985)

We now have a fairly good knowledge of the number of essential nutrients required in man. However, the studies are limited on the exact basic, minimal and optimal requirements of these nutrients in various conditions. Many more investigations are necessary in this field of clinical nutrition. We also need more information on the various biological and clinical parameters to be used in such studies. However, the present recommendations of the nutrient intakes in various clinical situations seem to be sufficient to maintain or obtain a good nutritional status in many clinical conditions and to prevent nutrient deficiency symptoms. Most of these recommendations are generous in relation to the basic requirements. The achievements in this field make us currently able to nourish our patients properly either by well-balanced ordinary hospital food or by tube feeding or parenteral nutrition.
ChemInform Abstract: Electron Transfer Reactivity in the 5‐Nitrouracil Series. (1995)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Low growth temperatures modify the efficiency of light use by photosystem II for CO2 assimilation in leaves of two chilling‐tolerant C4 species, Cyperus longus L. and Miscanthus × giganteus (2005)

Two C4 plants, Miscanthus x giganteus and Cyperus longus L., were grown at suboptimal growth temperatures and the relationships between the quantum efficiencies of photosynthetic electron transport through photosystem II (PSII) (PSII operating efficiency; Fq'/Fm') and CO2 assimilation (phiCO2) in leaves were examined. When M. x giganteus was grown at 10 degrees C, the ratio of the PSII operating efficiency to phiCO2 increased relative to that found in leaves grown at 14 and 25 degrees C. Similar increases in the Fq'/Fm': phiCO2 occurred in the leaves of two C. longus ecotypes when the plants were grown at 17 degrees C, compared to 25 degrees C. These elevations of Fq'/Fm': phiCO2 at low growth temperatures were not attributable to the development of anthocyanins, as has been suggested for maize, and were indicative of the operation of an alternative sink to CO2 assimilation for photosynthetic reducing equivalents, possibly oxygen reduction via a Mehler reaction, which would act as a mechanism for protection of PSII from photoinactivation and damage. Furthermore, in M. x giganteus grown at 10 degrees C, further protection of PSII was effected by a 20-fold increase in zeaxanthin content in dark-adapted leaves, which was associated with much higher levels of non-photochemical quenching of excitation energy, compared to that observed in leaves grown at 14 and 25 degrees C. These differences may explain the long growing season and remarkable productivity of this C4 plant in cool climates, even in comparison to other C4 species such as C. longus, which occur naturally in such climates.
Gametocytocidal Activity and Synergistic Interactions of Riboflavin with Standard Antimalarial Drugs against Growth of Plasmodium falciparum In Vitro (2000)

Our previous studies have shown that riboflavin has activity against Plasmodium falciparum asexual-stage parasites in vitro. In the present study we examine the gametocytocidal activity of riboflavin and the interaction of riboflavin with some commonly used antimalarial drugs against the asexual forms of P. falciparum in vitro. The addition of riboflavin to P. falciparum cultures killed gametocytes at all stages, even those at late stages (III to V), which are not affected by many of the commonly used antimalarials. Combinations of riboflavin with mefloquine, pyrimethamine, and quinine showed a marked potentiation of the activities of these drugs against asexual-stage parasites in vitro. The combination of riboflavin with artemisinin was additive, while that with chloroquine was mildly antagonistic. High doses of riboflavin are used clinically to treat several inborn errors of metabolism with no adverse side effects. Its efficacy in combination with standard antimalarial drugs in treating and preventing the transmission of P. falciparum malaria can therefore be evaluated in humans.
Front Matter: Volume 10827 (2018)

This PDF file contains the front matter associated with SPIE Proceedings Volume 10827 including the Title Page, Copyright information, Table of Contents, Introduction, and Conference Committee listing.
Africa in Scotland, Scotland in Africa (2014)

Africa in Scotland, Scotland in Africa provides scholarly, interdisciplinary analysis of the historical and contemporary relationships, links and networks between Scotland, Africa and the African diaspora. The book interrogates these links from a variety of perspectives – historical, political, economic, religious, diplomatic, and cultural – and assesses the mutual implications for past, present and future relationships. The socio-historical connection between Scotland and Africa is illuminated by the many who have shaped the history of African nationalism, education, health, and art in respective contexts of Africa, Britain, the Caribbean and the USA. The book contributes to the empirical, theoretical and methodological development of European African Studies, and thus fills a significant gap in information, interpretation and analysis of the specific historical and contemporary relationships between Scotland, Africa and the African diaspora. Contributors are: Afe Adogame, Andrew Lawrence, Esther Breitenbach, John McCracken, Markku Hokkanen, Olutayo Charles Adesina, Marika Sherwood, Caroline Bressey, Janice McLean, Everlyn Nicodemus, Kristian Romare, Oluwakemi Adesina, Elijah Obinna, Damaris Seleina Parsitau, Kweku Michael Okyerefo, Musa Gaiya and Jordan Rengshwat, Vicky Khasandi-Telewa, Kenneth Ross, Magnus Echtler, and Geoff Palmer.
Peering into the Cracks (2017)

A recent article in Reviews of Geophysics combined mathematical modeling, fracture mechanics theory and engineering research data to provide new insights into a critical geological process.
Drug Delivery through Skin: Overcoming the Ultimate Biological Membrane (2007)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Human Skin – Fundamentals of Skin Permeation Transdermal Drug Delivery System – Structure/Design Conclusions and Outlook References
Transcript profiles and deduced changes of metabolic pathways in maternal and filial tissues of developing barley grains (2004)

Different aspects of barley grain development have been studied in detail, but a more global analysis of gene expression patterns is still missing. We have employed macro arrays, containing 1184 unique sequences from 1421 barley cDNA fragments, to study gene expression profiles in maternal and filial tissues of developing barley caryopses from fertilization to early storage phase. Principle component analysis (PCA) defined distinct expression networks in the pre-storage (0, 2, and 4 days after flowering (DAF)) and early storage phase (10 and 12 DAF). During an intermediate phase (6 and 8 DAF), PCA visualizes a dramatic re-programming of the transcriptional machinery. In maternal tissues, a large set of protein-mobilizing enzyme mRNAs, together with upregulated lipid-mobilizing enzyme and downregulated reactive oxygen species (ROS)-scavenging enzyme genes, suggests mobilization of stored compounds and programmed cell death (PCD). In the filial tissue fraction, a set of genes highly expressed during the pre-storage phase is involved in growth processes, including cell wall biosynthesis. The data suggest that the necessary UDP-glucose is provided both by sucrose synthase (isoform 3) and an invertase-driven pathway. Further, major developmental changes in pathways producing energy are predicted. A bell-shaped expression profile with a peak during the intermediate phase is characteristic for genes associated with photosynthesis and ATP production. The photosynthesis-determined increase of ATP concentration could be a prerequisite for the initiation of grain filling, dominated by starch and storage protein synthesis. Storage product accumulation is accompanied by high transcriptional activity of genes involved in glycolysis and fermentation, as well as in the citric acid cycle.
Introduction to Error Correcting Codes (1994)

Part 1 Introduction: bit strings and codes codes and error correction erasures and soft decision decoding hamming distance and sphere-packing Shannon's theorem. Part 2 Linear codes: matrix representation the standard array the null-matrix or parity-check matrix the syndrome the columns of the null matrix perfect codes further bounds on linear codes the Varsharmov-Gilbert bound the Plorkin bound bounds in practice nonbinary linear codes nonbinary codes with characteristic 2. Part 3 Cyclic codes: the generating polynomial systematic cyclic codes the roots of g(x) and the null-matrix error detection with cycle codes weight distribution shortened cyclic codes and feedback shift registers error correction with cyclic codes nonbinary cyclic codes. Part 4 BCH codes: minimum polynomials the roots of BCH codes some examples of BCH codes error correction of binary BCH codes practical procedures for solving the equations an example of BCH error correction error correction of nonbinary BCH codes Reed Solomon (RS) codes a worked RS example an example of practical use of RS codes other aspects of RS codes. Part 5 Convolutional codes: tree and trellis codes the Viterbi algorithm linear convolutional codes control of decoding errors.
Radio frequency matching for helicon plasma sources (1996)

A theoretical and experimental study of the matching network linking the antenna of a helicon plasma system to its rf power source is described. It is shown that the introduction of a rf step-down transformer into the conventional L-section network has a number of benefits. The transformer increases the reflected antenna impedance seen by the network, bringing it closer to the output resistance of the rf source. The resulting low-Q network is shown to be insensitive to changes in the antenna impedance and the values of the matching elements. It is found that in general only one component in this broad-band network needs to be adjusted rather than the iterative adjustment of two components in the conventional network. The importance of this simplification with respect to the automatic control of the matching network is discussed.
Interpolation-Based Object Detection Using Motion Vectors for Embedded Real-time Tracking Systems (2018)

Deep convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have achieved outstanding performance in object detection, a crucial task in computer vision. With the computational intensiveness due to repeated convolutions, they consume large amount of power, making them difficult to apply in power-constrained embedded platforms. In this work, we present MVint, a power-efficient detection and tracking framework. MVint combines motion-vector-based interpolator and CNN-based detector to simultaneously achieve high accuracy and energy efficiency by utilizing motion vectors obtained inexpensively in the environments wherein encoding is conducted at the cameras. Through evaluations using MOT16 benchmark that evaluates multiple object tracking, we show MVint maintains 88% MOTA while reducing detection frequency down to 1/12. An implemention of MVint as a system prototype on Xilinx Zynq Ultra-Scale+ MPSoC ZCU102 confirmed that MVint achieves an ideal 12x FPS compared with a vanilla detection approach.
Kinetische Untersuchungen an aktivierten Sulfonen (1983)

Abstract Durch pH‐Stat‐Titration der beim Zerfall aktivierter Sulfone freigesetzten Sulfinsäuren werden Reaktionsgeschwindigkeiten und Lage der Gleichgewichte ermittelt. Diese Werte lassen sich mit den σ‐ Hammett ‐Parametern korrelieren.
Impact of Protein Concentration on the Determination of Thiolic Groups of Ovalbumin: A Size Exclusion Chromatography–Chemical Vapor Generation–Atomic Fluorescence Spectrometry Study via Mercury Labeling (2014)

We optimized a hyphenated system based on size exclusion chromatography coupled to a microwave/UV mercury oxidation system and an atomic fluorescence detector (SEC-CVG-AFS) for the online oxidation of free and protein-complexed p-hydroxymercuribenzoic acid (pHMB) without the employment of chemical oxidizing agents. This system has been applied to the study of labeling of thiolic groups of native ovalbumin (OVA) as a function of protein concentration. We found that the protein concentration strongly affects the species distribution of OVA, the number of thiolic groups titrated in each species, and thus, the accuracy in the determination of the total number of thiolic groups. The amount of titrated sulfhydryl groups in the protein concentration range investigated (5-100 μmol L(-1)) varied from 2.40 ± 0.01 to 1.85 ± 0.05 for the monomeric form of OVA and from 4.63 ± 0.01 to 5.63 ± 0.05 for the total OVA, which represents more than four theoretical number of reduced Cys. This information is important from the analytical point of view because it suggests that, unless to operate with diluted concentration of protein, the number of titrated thiolic groups results from both the aspecific interaction of the probe with aggregates species and to the specific bond of the probe with the accessible -SH groups.
Nanotechnology controlled drug delivery for treating bone diseases (2009)

Rapid developments at the intersection of nanotechnology and controlled drug delivery have triggered exceptional growth in treating various bone diseases. As a result, over the past decade, nanotechnology has contributed tremendously to controlling drug delivery for treating various bone diseases, and in many cases, has led to increased bone regeneration. In this review paper, the recent experimental progress towards using nanotechnology to treat bone-specific diseases is reviewed. Novel applications of different types of nanomaterials (from nanoparticles to 3D nanostructured scaffolds) for treating bone diseases are summarized. In addition, fundamental principles for utilizing nanomaterials to create better drug delivery systems, especially for treating bone diseases and regenerating bone, are emphasized.