gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A mechanistic and kinetic analysis of the interactions of the diastereoisomers of adenosine 3′,5′-(cyclic)phosphorothioate with purified cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase (1988)

The binding affinities of the diastereoisomers of adenosine 3',5'-(cyclic)phosphorothioate, Sp-cAMP[S] and Rp-cAMP[S], for the cyclic AMP- (cAMP-)binding sites on purified and reconstituted pig heart type II cAMP-dependent protein kinase holoenzyme were determined by measuring the ability of these compounds to displace [3H]cAMP from this enzyme. Sp-cAMP[S], a cAMP agonist, displaced 50% of the [3H]cAMP bound to the holoenzyme at a concentration 10-fold higher than that of cAMP; Rp-cAMP[S], a cAMP antagonist, required a 100-fold higher concentration relative to cAMP. Activation of the isolated holoenzyme, determined as phosphotransferase activity, was measured in the presence of the agonist and in the absence and in the presence of increasing concentrations of the antagonist. The results of fitting the activation data to sigmoid curves with a non-linear-regression program and to Hill plots by using a linear-regression program showed that Rp-cAMP[S] had no effect on Vmax, increased the EC50 values for agonist activation and had no effect on the co-operativity of activation (h). A Ki value of 11 microM was determined for Rp-cAMP[S] inhibition of cAMP-induced activation of purified type II cAMP-dependent protein kinase. Electrophoresis of the holoenzyme on polyacrylamide gels under non-denaturing conditions in the presence of saturating concentrations of the diastereoisomers resulted in 100% dissociation of the subunits with Sp-cAMP[S] and 0% dissociation with Rp-cAMP[S]. Sp-cAMP[S], the isomer with an axial exocyclic sulphur atom, binds to the holoenzyme, releases the catalytic subunit and activates the phosphotransferase activity. Rp-cAMP[S], the isomer with an equatorial exocyclic sulphur atom, binds to the holoenzyme but does not result in dissociation, and thus acts as a competitive inhibitor of phosphotransferase activity.
Multigrid error bounds for moments of arbitrary order (2002)

We consider estimates of worst-case bounds for quantization errors in calculating moments of arbitrary order. New estimates are provided which are based on Huxley's theorem and a general definition of families of sets, propagating an estimate for zero-order moments towards estimates for moments of arbitrary order.
Cerebral infarction complicating subclavian vein catheterization (1977)

Abstract Cerebral infarction has not previously been reported as a complication of attempted subclavian vein catheterization for parenteral nutrition. Two patients developed clinical and pathological evidence of embolic infarction in the left carotid and left vertebral distributions, respectively, when an artery was inadvertently punctured during attempts to catheterize the left subclavian vein. These two complications occurred in more than 1,000 successful subclavian vein catheterizations.
ChemInform Abstract: Platinum‐Catalyzed Hydrogenative Cyclization of Yne‐Enones, Yne‐Aldehydes, and Yne‐Dienes. (2010)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Epidemiology of Hookworm Infection in Kintampo North Municipality, Ghana: Patterns of Malaria Coinfection, Anemia, and Albendazole Treatment Failure (2011)

A cross-sectional pilot study of hookworm infection was carried out among 292 subjects from 62 households in Kintampo North, Ghana. The overall prevalence of hookworm infection was 45%, peaking in those 11-20 years old (58.5%). In children, risk factors for hookworm infection included coinfection with malaria and increased serum immunoglobulin G reactivity to hookworm secretory antigens. Risk factors for infection in adults included poor nutritional status, not using a latrine, not wearing shoes, and occupation (farming). Although albendazole therapy was associated with an overall egg reduction rate of 82%, 37 subjects (39%) remained infected. Among those who failed therapy, treatment was not associated with a significant reduction in egg excretion, and nearly one-third had higher counts on repeat examination. These data confirm a high prevalence of low-intensity hookworm infection in central Ghana and its association with poor nutritional status. The high rate of albendazole failure raises concern about emerging resistance.
Stromal Cells Serve Drug Resistance for Multiple Myeloma via Mitochondrial Transfer: A Study on Primary Myeloma and Stromal Cells (2021)

Recently, it has become evident that mitochondrial transfer (MT) plays a crucial role in the acquisition of cancer drug resistance in many hematologic malignancies; however, for multiple myeloma, there is a need to generate novel data to better understand this mechanism. Here, we show that primary myeloma cells (MMs) respond to an increasing concentration of chemotherapeutic drugs with an increase in the acquisition of mitochondria from autologous bone marrow stromal cells (BM-MSCs), whereupon survival and adenosine triphosphate levels of MMs increase, while the mitochondrial superoxide levels decrease in MMs. These changes are proportional to the amount of incorporated BM-MSC-derived mitochondria and to the concentration of the used drug, but seem independent from the type and mechanism of action of chemotherapeutics. In parallel, BM-MSCs also incorporate an increasing amount of MM cell-derived mitochondria accompanied by an elevation of superoxide levels. Using the therapeutic antibodies Daratumumab, Isatuximab, or Elotuzumab, no similar effect was observed regarding the MT. Our research shows that MT occurs via tunneling nanotubes and partial cell fusion with extreme increases under the influence of chemotherapeutic drugs, but its inhibition is limited. However, the supportive effect of stromal cells can be effectively avoided by influencing the metabolism of myeloma cells with the concomitant use of chemotherapeutic agents and an inhibitor of oxidative phosphorylation.
A deep learning approach to detection of splicing and copy-move forgeries in images (2016)

In this paper, we present a new image forgery detection method based on deep learning technique, which utilizes a convolutional neural network (CNN) to automatically learn hierarchical representations from the input RGB color images. The proposed CNN is specifically designed for image splicing and copy-move detection applications. Rather than a random strategy, the weights at the first layer of our network are initialized with the basic high-pass filter set used in calculation of residual maps in spatial rich model (SRM), which serves as a regularizer to efficiently suppress the effect of image contents and capture the subtle artifacts introduced by the tampering operations. The pre-trained CNN is used as patch descriptor to extract dense features from the test images, and a feature fusion technique is then explored to obtain the final discriminative features for SVM classification. The experimental results on several public datasets show that the proposed CNN based model outperforms some state-of-the-art methods.
Results from field testing of air handling unit and variable air volume box fault detection tools (2003)

Building heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) equipment routinely fails to satisfy performance expectations envisioned at design. Such failures often go unnoticed for extended periods of time. Additionally, higher expectations are being placed on a combination of different and often conflicting performance measures, such as energy efficiency, indoor air quality, comfort, reliability, limiting peak demand on utilities, etc. To meet these expectations, the processes, systems, and equipment used in both commercial and residential buildings are becoming increasingly sophisticated. This development both necessitates the use of automated diagnostics to ensure fault-free operation and enables diagnostic capabilities for the various building systems by providing a distributed platform that is powerful and flexible enough to perform fault detection and diagnostics (FDD).
Theoretical, experimental, and computational aspects of optical property determination of turbid media by using frequency-domain laser infrared photothermal radiometry (2001)

In this work, the optical and thermal properties of tissuelike materials are measured by using frequency-domain infrared photothermal radiometry. This technique is better suited for quantitative multiparameter optical measurements than the widely used pulsed-laser photothermal radiometry (PPTR) because of the availability of two independent signal channels, amplitude and phase, and the superior signal-to-noise ratio provided by synchronous lock-in detection. A rigorous three-dimensional (3-D) thermal-wave formulation with a 3-D diffuse and coherent photon-density-wave source is applied to data from model phantoms. The combined theoretical, experimental, and computational methodology shows good promise with regard to its analytical ability to measure optical properties of turbid media uniquely, as compared with PPTR, which exhibits uniqueness problems. From data sets obtained by using calibrated test phantoms, the reduced optical scattering and absorption coefficients were found to be within 20% and 10%, respectively, of the values independently derived by using Mie theory and spectrophotometric measurements.
ChemInform Abstract: PROPERTIES OF MAGNETRON‐SPUTTERED SILICON NITRIDE FILMS (1985)

Abstract Durch reaktives magnetisches Sputtern werden bei 200°C in N 2 ‐Ar‐Gemischen 100‐200 nm dicke Siliciumnitrid?lme auf Siliciumträger aufgebracht.
Inhibitory Effect of the Saponins Derived from Roots ofPlatycodon grandiflorumon Carrageenan-Induced Inflammation (2006)

Previous studies have reported that the saponins isolated from the roots of Platycodon grandiflorum A. DC (Campanulaceae), Changkil saponins (CKS), inhibited cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression in cultured lipopolysaccharide-activated macrophages. The aim of this presented study was to confirm the anti-inflammatory effects of CKS by examining their effect on the inflammatory response induced by carrageenan in a rat by using an acute air pouch inflammation model. CKS significantly reduced the levels of the inflammatory process markers in the air pouch, such as the volume of exudates, the amount of protein and the number of leukocytes and neutrophils. The levels of TNF-alpha and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) were also markedly lower in the air pouch of the CKS-treated animals than in the controls. An immunoblot analysis showed that CKS reduced the COX-2 expression level in the exudate cells. In addition, CKS significantly reduced the paw edema induced by carrageenan and also markedly reduced the level of PGE2 production in the inflamed paw. These results suggest that CKS had significant anti-inflammatory effects in vivo.
Electric-field effect on the optical activity of helical semiconductor nanoribbons (2019)

Being motivated by the recent result on the emergence of superlattice properties of the helical nanoribbon in an electric field, we analyze its circular dichroism signal. We theoretically demonstrate that electric-field effect on the helical nanoribbon leads to appearance of new spectral lines in circular dichroism.
Unique Defense Strategy by the Endoplasmic Reticulum Body in Plants (2011)

The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a site for the production of secretory proteins. Plants have developed ER subdomains for protein storage. The ER body is one such structure, which is observed in Brassicaceae plants. ER bodies accumulate in seedlings and roots or in wounded leaves in Arabidopsis. ER bodies contain high amounts of the β-glucosidases PYK10/BGLU23 in seedlings and roots or BGLU18 in wounded tissues. These results suggest that ER bodies are involved in the metabolism of glycoside molecules, presumably to produce repellents against pests and fungi. When Arabidopsis roots are homogenized, PYK10 formed large protein aggregates that include other β-glucosidases (BGLU21 and BGLU22), GDSL lipase-like proteins (GLL22) and cytosolic jacalin-related lectins (PBP1/JAL30, JAL31, JAL33, JAL34 and JAL35). Glucosidase activity increases by the aggregate formation. NAI1, a basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor, regulates the expression of the ER body proteins PYK10 and NAI2. Reduced expression of NAI2, PYK10 and BGLU21 resulted in abnormal ER body formation, indicating that these components regulate ER body formation. PYK10, BGLU21 and BGLU22 possess hydrolytic activity for scopolin, a coumaroyl glucoside that accumulates in the roots of Arabidopsis, and nai1 and pyk10 mutants are more susceptible to the symbiotic fungus Piriformospora indica. Therefore, it appears that the ER body is a unique organelle of Brassicaceae plants that is important for defense against pests and fungi.
Targeting isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) in cancer. (2016)

Isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) is an essential enzyme for cellular respiration in the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle. Recurrent mutations in IDH1 or IDH2 are prevalent in several cancers including glioma, acute myeloid leukemia (AML), cholangiocarcinoma and chondrosarcoma. The mutated IDH1 and IDH2 proteins have a gain-of-function, neomorphic activity, catalyzing the reduction of α-ketoglutarate (α-KG) to 2-hydroxyglutarate (2-HG) by NADPH. Cancer-associated IDH mutations block normal cellular differentiation and promote tumorigenesis via the abnormal production of the oncometabolite 2-HG. High levels of 2-HG have been shown to inhibit α-KG dependent dioxygenases, including histone and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) demethylases, which play a key role in regulating the epigenetic state of cells. Current targeted inhibitors of IDH1 (AG120, IDH305), IDH2 (AG221), and pan-IDH1/2 (AG881) selectively inhibit mutant IDH protein and induce cell differentiation in in vitro and in vivo models. Preliminary results from phase I clinical trials with IDH inhibitors in patients with advanced hematologic malignancies have demonstrated an objective response rate ranging from 31% to 40% with durable responses (>1 year) observed. Furthermore, the IDH inhibitors have demonstrated early signals of activity in solid tumors with IDH mutations, including cholangiocarcinomas and low grade gliomas.
Epigenetic mechanisms of regulation of Foxp3 expression (2009)

Regulatory T cells play important roles in the control of autoimmunity and maintenance of transplantation tolerance. Foxp3, a member of the forkhead/winged-helix family of transcription factors, acts as the master regulator for regulatory T-cell (Treg) development and function. Mutation of the Foxp3 gene causes the scurfy phenotype in mouse and IPEX syndrome (immune dysfunction, polyendocrinopathy, enteropathy, X-linked syndrome) in humans. Epigenetics is defined by regulation of gene expression without altering nucleotide sequence in the genome. Several epigenetic markers, such as histone acetylation and methylation, and cytosine residue methylation in CpG dinucleotides, have been reported at the Foxp3 locus. In particular, CpG dinucleotides at the Foxp3 locus are methylated in naive CD4+CD25- T cells, activated CD4+ T cells, and TGF-beta-induced adaptive Tregs, whereas they are completely demethylated in natural Tregs. The DNA methyltransferases DNMT1 and DNMT3b are associated with the Foxp3 locus in CD4+ T cells. Methylation of CpG residues represses Foxp3 expression, whereas complete demethylation is required for stable Foxp3 expression. In this review, we discuss how different cis-regulatory elements at the Foxp3 locus are subjected to epigenetic modification in different subsets of CD4+ T cells and regulate Foxp3 expression, and how these mechanisms can be exploited to generate efficiently large numbers of suppressive Tregs for therapeutic purposes.
Emerging secondary syphilis presenting as syphilitic hepatitis (2016)

Rubio‐Tapia, Alberto; Hujoel, Isabel A.; Smyrk, Thomas C.; Poterucha, John J. Author Information
152 photons per bit detection at 622 Mbit/s to 2.5 Gbit/s using an erbium fibre preamplifier (1990)

An erbium fibre preamplifier, pumped at 980 nm, has been used to achieve the best reported direct detection sensitivities at 2.5Gbit/s, 1.2Gbit/s, 622 Mbit/s of −43.0 dBm, −45.6 dBm and −49 dBm, respectively. The amplifier had a noise figure of 3.3 dB, which is one of the best reported.
Some Investigations of the Ag∕AgCl in LiCl-KCl Eutectic Reference Electrode (1959)

In electrochemical studies of metal chlorides dissolved in eutectic melt it is often desired to convert the metal‐metal ion oxidation potentials Ea relative to a in eutectic reference electrode to those Eb based on the chlorine reference electrode. Such conversion can be made by using the emf Ec of the in eutectic/Cl2 cell, and involves a correction term ΔE. By using cases where both Ea and Eb can be determined independently, studies have been made of the variation of ΔE with the nature and concentration of the metal ions in the melt, the temperature of the melt, the concentration of in the reference electrode, and the nature of the membrane separating the reference and metal electrodes. This information gives an estimate of the reliability of data obtained when the two reference electrodes are interchanged.
Detecting converted speech and natural speech for anti-spoofing attack in speaker recognition (2012)

Voice conversion techniques present a threat to speaker verification systems.To enhance the security of speaker verification systems, We study how to automatically distinguish natural speech and synthetic/converted speech.Motivated by the research on phase spectrum in speech perception, in this study, we propose to use features derived from phase spectrum to detect converted speech.The features are tested under three different training situations of the converted speech detector: a) only Gaussian mixture model (GMM) based converted speech data are available; b) only unit-selection based converted speech data are available; c) no converted speech data are available for training converted speech model.Experiments conducted on the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) 2006 speaker recognition evaluation (SRE) corpus show that the performance of the features derived from phase spectrum outperform the melfrequency cepstral coefficients (MFCCs) tremendously: even without converted speech for training, the equal error rate (EER) is reduced from 20.20% of MFCCs to 2.35%.
Heterogeneity and Architecture of Pathological Prion Protein Assemblies: Time to Revisit the Molecular Basis of the Prion Replication Process? (2019)

Prions are proteinaceous infectious agents responsible for a range of neurodegenerative diseases in animals and humans. Prion particles are assemblies formed from a misfolded, β-sheet rich, aggregation-prone isoform (PrPSc) of the host-encoded cellular prion protein (PrPC). Prions replicate by recruiting and converting PrPC into PrPSc, by an autocatalytic process. PrPSc is a pleiomorphic protein as different conformations can dictate different disease phenotypes in the same host species. This is the basis of the strain phenomenon in prion diseases. Recent experimental evidence suggests further structural heterogeneity in PrPSc assemblies within specific prion populations and strains. Still, this diversity is rather seen as a size continuum of assemblies with the same core structure, while analysis of the available experimental data points to the existence of structurally distinct arrangements. The atomic structure of PrPSc has not been elucidated so far, making the prion replication process difficult to understand. All currently available models suggest that PrPSc assemblies exhibit a PrPSc subunit as core constituent, which was recently identified. This review summarizes our current knowledge on prion assembly heterogeneity down to the subunit level and will discuss its importance with regard to the current molecular principles of the prion replication process.
Medical Referral Patterns and Etiologies for Children With Mild-to-Severe Hearing Loss (2018)

The OCHL cohort reflects known etiologies of CHH. Despite available guidelines, centers of excellence, and high-yield rates for imaging, the medical workup for children with hearing loss remains inconsistently implemented and widely variable. There remains limited awareness as to what constitutes appropriate medical assessment for CHH.
Pharmacological Regulation of Adult Stem Cells: Chondrogenesis Can Be Induced Using a Synthetic Inhibitor of the Retinoic Acid Receptor (2007)

Conventional methods for regulating the differentiation of stem cells are largely based on the use of biological agents such as growth factors. We hypothesize that stem cell differentiation could be driven by specific synthetic molecules. If true, this would offer the possibility of screening chemical libraries to develop pharmacological agents with improved efficacy. To test our hypothesis, we have determined which, if any, of the nuclear receptor superfamily might be involved in chondrogenesis. We used fluorescence-activated cell sorting, as well as quantitative polymerase chain reaction, to study expression of a range of nuclear receptors in the undifferentiated mesenchymal population and after growth factor-driven differentiation of these cells to chondrocytes. In this way, we identified retinoic acid receptor beta (RAR beta) as a potential pharmacological target. A low molecular weight synthetic inhibitor of the RAR alpha and RAR beta receptors was able to induce chondrogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells derived from osteoarthritis patients, in the absence of serum and growth factors. Furthermore, the pathway is independent of SOX9 upregulation and does not lead to hypertrophy. When mesenchymal cells were seeded on to polyglycolic acid scaffolds and cultured with LE135, there was a dose-dependent formation of cartilage, demonstrated both histologically and by biochemical analysis of the collagen component of the extracellular matrix. These results demonstrate the feasibility of a pharmacological approach to the regulation of stem cell function. Disclosure of potential conflicts of interest is found at the end of this article.
Detection of chirp and other components in the time-frequency plane using the Hough and Radon transforms (2002)

We propose a novel approach to detect chirp (linear frequency modulated) components in multicomponent nonstationary signals in the time-frequency (TF) plane. The approach, based on the Hough and Radon transforms of TF distributions, can be used to detect chirp components with varying energy in unknown signal-to-noise ratio environments. In addition to detection of chirps, the proposed technique could also be used as a tool to evaluate the TF resolution provided by different TF analysis methods.
Location and alternative splicing of type XIII collagen RNA in the early human placenta. (1993)

Type XIII collagen mRNAs were located in the placenta. Due to alternative splicing, the lengths of the COL1 and NC2 domains of this collagen vary from 57 to 104 and from 12 to 34 amino acids, respectively. The COL3 domain varies between 208 and 235 residues, whereas the NC4 is 18 residues.