gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Visual overview from AMPK Causes Cell Cycle Arrest in LKB1-Deficient Cells via Activation of CAMKK2 (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Cellular stresses that increase AMP:ATP and AMP:ATP ratios activate AMPK in normal cells by promoting its phosphorylation by LKB1. This triggers inhibition of cell growth by phosphorylation of acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC), Raptor and other targets, and inhibition of the cell cycle by up-regulation of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor, CDKN1A. This mechanism fails, due to the lack of sufficient upstream kinase activity, in tumor cells that have lost the tumor suppressor LKB1. However, it can be restored by increasing cell Ca2+ to activate the alternate Ca2+-dependent upstream kinase, CAMKK2.&lt;/p&gt;
Comparison of forming gas effects on the ferroelectric properties between more-oriented and less-oriented Pb(Zr0.52Ti0.48)O3 thin films (2005)

More-oriented and less-oriented Pb(Zr0.52Ti0.48)O3 (PZT) thin films were deposited by using a pulsed-laser deposition method on a Pt∕Ti∕SiO2∕Si substrate with (Pb0.72La0.28)Ti0.93O3 buffer and on a Pt∕Ti∕SiO2∕Si substrate without buffer, respectively, which were observed by x-ray diffraction patterns. These films were annealed in H2-contained ambient for 30 min at the substrate temperature of 400 °C to evaluate the forming gas annealing effects. The comparative studies on the ferroelectric properties of these two films were carried out that showed that ferroelectric properties such as remanent polarization did not change in the case of the more-oriented PZT film, whereas the remanent polarization value of the less-oriented lead zirconate titanate (PZT) film degraded from 20.8 to 7.3μC∕cm2. The leakage current became higher in both cases, but that of the more-oriented PZT film had the moderate value of the 10−6 order of A∕cm2. This is mainly because the hydrogen atoms that cause the degradation of PZT films cannot infiltrate into the more-oriented PZT film as well as into the less-oriented PZT film.
Potential Role of Epigenetic Mechanism in Manganese Induced Neurotoxicity (2016)

Manganese is a vital nutrient and is maintained at an optimal level (2.5-5 mg/day) in human body. Chronic exposure to manganese is associated with neurotoxicity and correlated with the development of various neurological disorders such as Parkinson's disease. Oxidative stress mediated apoptotic cell death has been well established mechanism in manganese induced toxicity. Oxidative stress has a potential to alter the epigenetic mechanism of gene regulation. Epigenetic insight of manganese neurotoxicity in context of its correlation with the development of parkinsonism is poorly understood. Parkinson's disease is characterized by the α-synuclein aggregation in the form of Lewy bodies in neuronal cells. Recent findings illustrate that manganese can cause overexpression of α-synuclein. α-Synuclein acts epigenetically via interaction with histone proteins in regulating apoptosis. α-Synuclein also causes global DNA hypomethylation through sequestration of DNA methyltransferase in cytoplasm. An individual genetic difference may also have an influence on epigenetic susceptibility to manganese neurotoxicity and the development of Parkinson's disease. This review presents the current state of findings in relation to role of epigenetic mechanism in manganese induced neurotoxicity, with a special emphasis on the development of Parkinson's disease.
Rapamycin inhibition of interleukin-2-dependent p33cdk2 and p34cdc2 kinase activation in T lymphocytes. (1993)

The immunosuppressant rapamycin (RAP) is a potent inhibitor of the entry of interleukin (IL)-2-stimulated T cells into S-phase. Earlier results indicated that RAP treatment arrested the growth of the murine IL-2-dependent T cell line CTLL-2 in late G1-phase. To explore further the interactions of RAP with the cell cycle control machinery in T cells, we examined the effects of RAP treatment on the activation of the cyclin-dependent kinases p34cdc2 and p33cdk2 in G1-phase CTLL-2 cells. Stimulation of factor-deprived cells with IL-2 led to the assembly of high molecular weight complexes containing active p34cdc2 and p33cdk2. The appearance of these complexes was explained, at least in part, by the association of both cyclin-dependent kinases with IL-2-induced cyclin A. RAP treatment profoundly inhibited both cyclin A expression and the appearance of active cyclin A-cyclin-dependent kinase complexes in IL-2-stimulated, late G1-phase CTLL-2 cells. Although p34cdc2 activation was largely dependent on association with cyclin A, a significant proportion of the active p33cdk2 pool was complexed with cyclin E. In contrast to cyclin A, the IL-2-induced accumulation of cyclin E in G1-phase cells was only partially suppressed by RAP, and cyclin E-p33cdk2 complexes were readily detected in drug-treated cells. These cyclin E-cyclin-dependent kinase complexes were nonetheless devoid of histone H1 kinase activity. The inhibitory effects of RAP on the activation of cyclin E- and cyclin A-associated cyclin-dependent kinases suggest that one or both events participate in the regulation of T cell entry into S-phase.
Abstract: Sedimentological Interpretation Using Advanced Automated Analysis of Borehole Imaging Log: Example of Deep Water Deposits (1998)

This DOI is not currently attached to any metadata records. DOIs can’t actually ever be deleted (they’re persistent), but sometimes our members create DOIs in error. We do have a process to approximate deletion which we follow only in rare cases where the DOI has been genuinely created in error, and most crucially, if the DOI has never been published anywhere online or in print and never otherwise distributed to or communicated with anyone (authors, readers, reviewers, etc.
Nuclear material tracking system measurement concept and applications (1989)

A concept for a Nuclear Material Tracking System (NTRAK) and details of its operation have been developed at the Westinghouse Hanford Company. The NTRAK uses multiple nuclear radiation detectors in special configuration to detect and triangulate the position of localized sources of special nuclear material. Once the position of the material is determined, its quantity can also be estimated. This is accomplished using the calibration equations of the detectors and additional information about the nature of the source. Currently, work is being carried out with Nal(Tl) gamma radiation detectors that are shielded with lead on all sides except the front face. This paper describes the theory of NTRAK operation and outlines some of its potential applications to nuclear material control. 3 refs., 3 figs., 2 tabs.
Nonlinear Simulation of Thermo-viscous Fingering in Miscible Displacements in Porous Media (2007)

The nonlinear simulation of interfacial instabilities in miscible displacements in porous media often requires sophisticated numerical algorithms as well as very fine spatial and temporal resolutions. In this study, Hartley transform based pseudo-spectral method is used to simulate time evolution of thermoviscous fingers in rectilinear geometry. The problem is formulated using continuity equation, Darcy's law, and volume-averaged forms of convection-diffusion equation for mass and energy balance. The numerical code is validated against established results for isothermal displacements. The effects of exponential dependence of viscosity on concentration and temperature, Lewis number, and porosity on the stability of the thermo-viscous flow are examined. It has been generally observed that at practical values of porosity and Lewis number, the thermal front always lags behind the fluid front and the instability is dominated by the viscosity variation due to concentration.
Hepatic cholesterol metabolism and resistance to dietary cholesterol in LXRβ-deficient mice (2001)

The nuclear oxysterol-receptor paralogues LXRalpha and LXRbeta share a high degree of amino acid identity and bind endogenous oxysterol ligands with similar affinities. While LXRalpha has been established as an important regulator of cholesterol catabolism in cholesterol-fed mice, little is known about the function of LXRbeta in vivo. We have generated mouse lines with targeted disruptions of each of these LXR receptors and have compared their responses to dietary cholesterol. Serum and hepatic cholesterol levels and lipoprotein profiles of cholesterol-fed animals revealed no significant differences between LXRbeta(-/-) and wild-type mice. Steady-state mRNA levels of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase, farnesyl diphosphate synthase, and squalene synthase were increased in LXRbeta(-/-) mice compared with LXRbeta(+/+) mice, when fed standard chow. The mRNA levels for cholesterol 7alpha-hydroxylase, oxysterol 7alpha-hydroxylase, sterol 12alpha-hydroxylase, and sterol 27-hydroxylase, respectively, were comparable in these strains, both on standard and 2% cholesterol chow. Our results indicate that LXRbeta(-/-) mice - in contrast to LXRalpha(-/-) mice - maintain their resistance to dietary cholesterol, despite subtle effects on the expression of genes coding for enzymes involved in lipid metabolism. Thus, our data indicate that LXRbeta has no complete overlapping function compared with LXRalpha in the liver.
High-Performance Commercial Building Façades (2002)

There is a significant and growing interest in the use of highly-glazed façades in commercial buildings. Large portions of the façade or even the entire façade are glazed with relatively high transmittance glazing systems, and typically with some form of sun control as well. With origins in Europe the trend is expanding to other regions, including the United States. A subset of these designs employ a second layer creating a double envelope system, which can then accommodate additional venting and ventilation practices. The stated rationale for use of the these design approaches varies but often includes a connection to occupant benefits as well as sustainable design associated with daylighting and energy savings. As with many architectural trends, understanding the reality of building performance in the field as compared to design intent is often difficult to ascertain. We have been particularly interested in this emerging trend because prior simulation studies have shown that it should be technically possible to produce an all-glass façade with excellent performance although it is not a simple challenge. The published solutions are varied enough and sufficiently complex that we undertook a year-long international review of advanced façades to better understand the capabilities and limitations of existing systems and the tools and processes used to create them. This is also intended to create a framework for addressing the missing tools, technologies, processes and data bases that will be needed to turn the promise of advanced façades into realities. This summary, available as a PDF file and a web site, reports those findings.
Risk of Perforation After Colonoscopy and Sigmoidoscopy: A Population-Based Study (2003)

The risk of perforation after colonoscopy is approximately double that after sigmoidoscopy, but this difference appears to be decreasing. These observations should be useful to clinicians making screening and diagnostic decisions for individual patients and to policy officials setting guidelines for colorectal cancer screening programs.
Modeling the atmosphere as an unguided optical communications channel (2003)

The authors propose a system-level model for simulating the Earth's atmosphere as an unguided optical communications channel. The major degradations in received optical intensity introduced by the atmosphere are scintillation, beam spreading, beam wander, and atmospheric transmissivity. The model presented considers scintillation and beam wander to impose random fading in the received signal while beam spreading is a constant loss in intensity. Atmospheric transmissivity is treated as a filterlike channel transfer function. Relationships for the parameters of the model are given in terms of parameters which characterize the optical link. Also included is a description of an implementation of the model. The implementation discussed is being integrated into an end-to-end simulator for a direct-detention laser communication system operating in the atmosphere.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
랜드스케이프 건축에서 바라본 SANAA의 건축특성에 관한 연구 - 공공건축물을 중심으로 - (2019)

This study aims to analyze how the concept of landscape architecture is being implemented through the planning intentions realized in the architectural space in SANAA works and to present a new direction for understanding the work of SANAA through their speeches, discourse, and prior research, that the architecture that SANAA sought to pursue was not the architecture of an object, but a network of unbroken relationships.
MAGNETO-OPTIC SPATIAL LIGHT MODULATORS WITH ONE DIMENSIONAL MAGNETOPHOTONIC CRYSTALS (2006)

We have developed the magneto-optic spatial light modulator (MOSLM) with one-dimensional magnetophotonic crystal (1D-MPC). The multilayer structure of SiO2, Ta2O5, and bismuth substituted yttrium iron garnet (Bi:YIG) were deposited by the RF magnetron sputtering to form 1D-MPC. By using 1D-MPCs, The large enhancement in Faraday rotation was obtained in localized light mode, and the fabricated MOSLM showed higher contrast than that of single magnetic film. We confirmed the brightness of the magneto-optical image changed by an external magnetic field.
PREPARATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF GRANULAR HYBRID REACTIVE MATERIALS (2010)

The feasibility of preparing granular hybrid reactive materials (GHRM) comprised of an Al matrix and micrometer-sized nanocomposite thermite inclusions using in situ consolidation by mechanical milling is established. The starting components were Al and nanocomposite Al-CuO and Al-MoO3 thermite powders with various specific compositions. The nanocomposite powders were prepared using arrested reactive milling. Both shaker and planetary mills were successfully used to prepare samples of GHRM particles with sizes ranging from approximately 0.1 to 1 mm. Prepared particles were size classified and characterized by electron microscopy and x-ray diffraction. Specifically, the effects of milling conditions and compositions on the particle size distributions, mixing uniformity, and structures of the prepared hybrid particles were studied. A continuous CO2 laser was used to ignite the hybrid particles in air. Combustion emission was recorded using a photodiode and the experiments were visualized using high-speed video records. It was observed that the ignition delays are much shorter for GHRM particles when compared to similarly sized Al. The optical emission produced by burning GHRM particles is substantially stronger than that for similarly sized Al, and unlike for Al particles, GHRM particle combustion is accompanied by multiple fragmentation events. Combustion times for GHRM particles are much shorter than for similarly sized Al. Once ignited by the laser beam, combustion of GHRM particles continues if a suitable oxidizer is present.
Chemical composition and thermal properties of commercial essential oils and their antimicrobial and antioxidant activities (2023)

This study aimed to chemically characterize commercial Essentials oils and determine their thermal properties and their antimicrobial and antioxidant activities. Essential oils extracted from leaves of Rosemary, lemongrass, cloves, orange, Tahiti lemon and thyme were studied, with chemical characterization by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry, thermoanalytical characterization and antimicrobial (microdilution) and antioxidant (ferric reduction activities power - FRAP). The chemistry of the essential oils composition was consistent with literature data and justified their thermal behavior. Comparing the thermal stability between the studied essential oils results revealed the optimization of the da Tonset = 106.6to clove`s essential oils. The results of differentiated antimicrobial and antioxidant activity justified by factors that influence the biological functions of Essentials oils, such as the origin of the plant (climate conditions), forms of cultivation and harvesting of the raw material, parameters and extraction method. Thus, it emphasizes the importance of a Brazilian production of essentials to take advantage of the technological and analytical capacity of national research centers, to provide the market with traceable products with certified identity.
Association of baseline vitamin D level with genetic determinants and virologic response in patients with chronic hepatitis B (2017)

Vitamin D insufficiency was highly prevalent in treatment-naïve CHB patients in mainland China. Latitude and genetic determinants affect vitamin D status. Baseline vitamin D level can predict week-104 virologic response, but not HBeAg seroconversion or ALT normalization.
A novel inhibitor of activated thrombin-activatable fibrinolysis inhibitor (TAFIa) – Part I: Pharmacological characterization (2007)

We have discovered a novel small-molecule (3-phosphinoylpropionic acid) inhibitor of activated thrombin activatable fibrinolysis inhibitor (TAFIa), BX 528, which had an IC (50) of 2 nM in an enzymatic assay and 50 nM in an in-vitro clot lysis assay, with 3,500- to 35,000-fold selectivity against other carboxypeptidases, such as CPN, CPZ and CPD, and 5- and 12-fold selectivity against CPE (CPH) and CPB, respectively. At 10 micro M, BX 528 had no significant activity (<50% inhibition or antagonism) in a panel of 137 enzymes and receptors. It had no effects on blood coagulation and platelet aggregation up to 300 and 10 micro M, respectively. The plasma half-life following intravenous administration was 0.85 hours in rats and 4.5 hours in dogs. No significant metabolism was detected in human, dog or rabbit hepatic microsomes, and no significant inhibition of cytochrome P450 3A4 and 2D6 up to 30 micro M. No cytotoxic or cell proliferative effects were found in three hepatic and renal cell lines up to 300 micro M and no mutagenic activity was seen in the Ames II screen. There were no significant hemodynamic effects in rats and dogs up to 100 and 30 mg/kg with peak plasma drug concentrations of approximately 1,000 and 300 micro M, respectively. In an in-vivo complement activation model in guinea pigs, BX 528 showed minimal inhibition of plasma CPN activity up to 60 mg/kg with peak plasma concentrations up to 250 micro M. Thus, these data demonstrate that BX 528 is a novel, potent, selective and safe TAFIa inhibitor.
Phosphorene Degradation: Visualization and Quantification of Nanoscale Phase Evolution by Scanning Transmission X-ray Microscopy (2020)

Phosphorene, single- or few-layered black phosphorus, has been rediscovered as a promising two-dimensional material owing to its unique optical, thermal, and electrical properties with potential applications in optoelectronics, nanoelectronics, and energy storage. However, rapid degradation under ambient condition highly limits the practical applications of phosphorene. Solving the degradation problem demands an understanding of the oxidization process. We, for the first time, apply synchrotron-based X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES), and scanning transmission X-ray microscopy (STXM) for the nanoscale chemical imaging of phosphorene degradation. Through these methods, we have identified chemical details of the morphological effect and clarified thickness and proximity effects, which control the oxidization process. Furthermore, the entire oxidization process of phosphorene has also been studied by in situ XPS and XANES, showing the step-by-step oxidization process under the ambient condition. Theoretical calculations at the density functional theory level support experimental findings. This detailed study provides a better understanding of phosphorene degradation and is valuable for the development of phosphorene-based materials.
Nonnucleoside Inhibitors of Adenosine Kinase (2004)

Adenosine (ADO) is an endogenous inhibitory neuromodulator that increases nociceptive thresholds in response to tissue trauma and inflammation. Adenosine kinase (AK) is a key intracellular enzyme regulating intra- and extracellular concentrations of ADO. AK inhibition selectively amplifies extracellular ADO levels at cell and tissue sites where accelerated release of ADO occurs. AK inhibitors have been shown to provide effective antinociceptive, antiinflammatory and anticonvulsant activity in animal models, thus suggesting their potential therapeutic utility for pain, inflammation, epilepsy and possibly other central and peripheral nervous system diseases associated with cellular trauma and inflammation. This beneficial outcome may potentially lack nonspecific effects associated with the systemic administration of ADO receptor agonists. Until recently all of the reported AK inhibitors contained adenosine-like structural motif. The present review will discuss design, synthesis and analgesic and antiinflammatory properties of the novel nonnucleoside AK inhibitors that do not have close structural resemblance with the natural substrate ADO. Two classes of the nonnucleoside AK inhibitors are built on pyridopyrimidine and alkynylpyrimidine cores.
Correlating Alerts Using Prerequisites of Intrusions: Towards Reducing False Alerts and Uncovering High Level Attack Strategies (2005)

Abstract : Traditional intrusion detection systems (IDSs) focus on low-level attacks or anomalies, and raise alerts independently, though there may be logical connections between them. In situations where there are intensive attacks, not only will actual alerts be mixed with false alerts, but the amount of alerts will also become unmanageable. As a result, it is difficult for human users or intrusion response systems to understand the alerts and take appropriate actions. The objective of this project is to develop techniques and tools to facilitate the automatic (or semi-automatic) analysis of IDS alerts. In particular, we have thoroughly investigated the following issues: construction of attack scenarios from IDS alerts, efficient and effective analysis of large sets of IDS alerts, learning of attack strategies from correlated alerts, hypothesizing and reasoning about attacks missed by IDSs, integration of intrusion evidence from IDSs and other complementary information sources, alert correlation when there are privacy concerns, systematic development of the knowledge base required for alert correlation in our approach, and vulnerability analysis of MANET routing protocols to facilitate the application of alert correlation in MANET applications. We have made significant progress in this project on all these issues, as described in the report.
Low‐Power‐Photon Up‐Conversion in Dual‐Dye‐Loaded Polymer Nanoparticles (2011)

Abstract Sensitized triplet–triplet annihilation in multicomponent organic systems is already demonstrated to be suitable for obtaining efficient up‐conversion in solution with excitation power densities comparable to solar irradiance, but loses efficiency in the solid state. Here, it is demonstrated that it is possible to reduce this limitation by incorporating a standard bicomponent system in polymer nanoparticles. The confinement of all of the involved photophysical processes in a nanometer‐scale volume makes each nanoparticle a single and isolated high‐efficiency up‐converting unit. As a consequence, these dual‐dye‐loaded nanoparticles can be used to produce drop‐cast films, as well as dopants for polymeric matrices, preserving the performances of the starting moieties in solution.