gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Hereditary sensory neuropathy type I (2008)

Hereditary sensory neuropathy type I (HSN I) is a slowly progressive neurological disorder characterised by prominent predominantly distal sensory loss, autonomic disturbances, autosomal dominant inheritance, and juvenile or adulthood disease onset. The exact prevalence is unknown, but is estimated as very low. Disease onset varies between the 2nd and 5th decade of life. The main clinical feature of HSN I is the reduction of sensation sense mainly distributed to the distal parts of the upper and lower limbs. Variable distal muscle weakness and wasting, and chronic skin ulcers are characteristic. Autonomic features (usually sweating disturbances) are invariably observed. Serious and common complications are spontaneous fractures, osteomyelitis and necrosis, as well as neuropathic arthropathy which may even necessitate amputations. Some patients suffer from severe pain attacks. Hypacusis or deafness, or cough and gastrooesophageal reflux have been observed in rare cases. HSN I is a genetically heterogenous condition with three loci and mutations in two genes (SPTLC1 and RAB7) identified so far. Diagnosis is based on the clinical observation and is supported by a family history. Nerve conduction studies confirm a sensory and motor neuropathy predominantly affecting the lower limbs. Radiological studies, including magnetic resonance imaging, are useful when bone infections or necrosis are suspected. Definitive diagnosis is based on the detection of mutations by direct sequencing of the SPTLC1 and RAB7 genes. Correct clinical assessment and genetic confirmation of the diagnosis are important for appropriate genetic counselling and prognosis. Differential diagnosis includes the other hereditary sensory and autonomic neuropathies (HSAN), especially HSAN II, as well as diabetic foot syndrome, alcoholic neuropathy, neuropathies caused by other neurotoxins/drugs, immune mediated neuropathy, amyloidosis, spinal cord diseases, tabes dorsalis, lepra neuropathy, or decaying skin tumours like amelanotic melanoma. Management of HSN I follows the guidelines given for diabetic foot care (removal of pressure to the ulcer and eradication of infection, followed by the use of specific protective footwear) and starts with early and accurate counselling of patients about risk factors for developing foot ulcerations. The disorder is slowly progressive and does not influence life expectancy but is often severely disabling after a long duration of the disease.
Highly Efficient Solvent‐Free Condensation of Carboxylic Acids with Alcohols Catalysed by Zinc Perchlorate Hexahydrate, Zn(ClO4)2⋅6 H2O (2005)

Abstract Zinc perchlorate hexahydrate, Zn(ClO 4 ) 2 ⋅6 H 2 O, efficiently catalyses the esterification between nearly equimolar amounts of carboxylic acids and alcohols. The reaction works under solvent‐free conditions at relatively low temperatures. Excellent results were obtained with a wide range of substrates.
A mathematical perspective for software measure research (1990)

We identify and analyse basic principles which necessarily underlie software measures research. In the prevailing paradigm for the validation of software measures, there is a fundamental assumption that the sets of measured documents are ordered and that measures should report these orders. We describe mathematically the nature of such orders. Consideration of these orders suggests a hierarchy of software document measures, a methodology for developing new measures and a general approach to the analytical evaluation of measures. We also point out the importance of units for any type of measurement and stress the perils of equating document structure complexity and psychological complexity.
Once more unto the leech: production of functional motor patterns in leech heart motor neurons (2013)

Leech heart motor neurons are the output component of the leech heartbeat pattern generator. Although the inhibitory synaptic input they receive from the central pattern generator (CPG) is the primary determinant of the rhythmic output they produce, the neurons themselves can contribute in a meaningful way to the patterns they produce In this study, we seek to understand the interaction of the inhibitory synaptic inputs, electrical coupling, and active membrane currents, as well as the interaction and balance between membrane currents. Towards this goal, we developed a 7 compartment GEneral NEural SImulation System (GENESIS 2.3) model which incorporated the currents known to be present in leech heart motor neurons. This model was parameterized by the maximal conductance for each of these currents, and an initial instance of this model was hand tuned to produce acceptable activity. We then used a multi-objective evolutionary algorithm (MOEA) to generate model instances which correctly produced a target output pattern within an acceptable error bound given the corresponding input pattern. The MOEA we used was previously applied to models of crustacean stomatogastric ganglion neurons [4]. We adapted it to run on a ~1000 node high-performance computing cluster (ELLIPSE, Emory IT) and to interact with our 7 compartment leech heart motor neuron model. This evolutionary algorithm independently selects the parents for each generation on each fitness metric separately, obviating the need to create a unified fitness function. Thus, a model instance that is excellent on only one metric can contribute to the subsequent generation even if it performs poorly on all other metrics. We executed 5 runs of this evolutionary algorithm with different, randomly selected
DNA sequence of the herpes simplex virus type 1 gene whose product is responsible for transcriptional activation of immediate early promoters (1985)

Previous work has shown that transcriptional activation of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) immediate early genes is mediated by a protein species (Vmw65) present in the tegument of infecting virions. This paper describes DNA sequence analysis and mRNA mapping of the Vmw65 gene in HSV-1 strain 17. The Vmw65 coding region was identified as a 490 codon sequence encoding a polypeptide of molecular weight 54,342 and characterised by a high proportion of charged amino acid residues. A homologue to Vmw65 was detected in the genome of varicella-zoster virus, another human herpesvirus. Apart from its role in trans-activation, Vmw65 is a major constituent of the virion. Its possible significance in virus structure is discussed.
Immunohistochemical localisation of d- -aspartic acid-containing proteins in climatic droplet keratopathy (2009)

CDK was regarded as aggregations of D-beta-Asp-containing proteins. The formation of D-amino acids in protein causes the different side chain orientations and beta-linkage of Asp residues elongates the main chain of proteins. Therefore, D-beta-Asp formation will result in a partial unfolding of proteins leading to the aggregation of proteins seen in CDK.
Asbestos Exposure, Pleural Mesothelioma, and Serum Osteopontin Levels (2005)

Serum osteopontin levels can be used to distinguish persons with exposure to asbestos who do not have cancer from those with exposure to asbestos who have pleural mesothelioma.
Challenge of Organic Synthesis-toward the 21st Century. Combinatorial Chemistry. (1997)

A review on recent advances of combinatorial chemistry is described. Following topics are discussed : 1) molecular diversity, 2) split synthesis vs. parallel synthesis, mixture vs. discrete, 3) solid phase synthesis vs. solution synthesis, 4) universal library vs. focused library.
Sites of synthesis, biochemistry and functional role of plant volatiles (2010)

All plants are able to emit volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and the content and composition of these molecules show both genotypic variation and phenotypic plasticity. VOCs are involved in plant–plant interactions and for the attraction of pollinating and predatory insects. The biochemistry and molecular biology of plant VOCs is vast and complex, including several biochemical pathways and hundreds of genes. In this review the site of synthesis, the biosynthesis and the functional role of VOCs are discussed.
Fast and full-field measurement of brake squeal using pulsed ESPI technique (2003)

In the field of structural testing, optical techniques have already been successfully applied for the determination of the dynamic structure response. Recently electronic speckle pattern interferometry (ESPI) systems using pulsed lasers are increasingly used to replace conventional double pulse holography interferometers. ESPI takes over not only the main benefits of holography toward conventional measuring techniques, such as full-field, noncontact measurement and sensitivity, but also uses modern camera and computer techniques for image capturing and processing. The capabilities of pulsed ESPI have already been further extended to 3-D measurements of the dynamic response and modal analysis of vibrations. An important area of application has already been demonstrated in the field of brake disks analysis, where pulsed ESPI systems provide complete maps of the vibration of any component of brakes during testing (brake disks, drums, calipers, and pads). Using the 3-D technique, completely automatic brake squeal inspection systems have been designed, which capture the squealing signal, automatically set and fire the laser, and provide a complete full-field deformation map of the component under test. We describe recent developments of the 3-D ESPI technique using pulsed lasers, and give examples of applications in the fields of dynamic structure response, with an emphasis in the field of brake squeal analysis. The application for the determination of the complex amplitude of vibration is demonstrated, which opens further potential into the field of operational deflection measurement and modal analysis. Conventional techniques using accelerometers and vibrometers have a very high temporal resolution and therefore are predestined to measure the frequency response of the vibrating object. ESPI overcomes this feature with very high spatial resolution, allowing a full-field measurement also for transient events.
Effect of Corrosion Inhibitor Head Group on the Electrochemical Processes Governing CO2 Corrosion (2020)

Abstract The use of corrosion inhibitors is a common practice used to mitigate internal pipeline corrosion in the oil and gas industry. An organic corrosion inhibitor is a molecule comprised of a head group (hydrophilic part) and an alkyl tail (hydrophobic part). Despite the significant amount of work associating the effect of the head group with the mode of adsorption of the inhibitor (such as bonding, effect on the tilt angle of the tail, and hysteresis), there is a lack of research relating the effect of the head group with the electrochemical processes governing the corrosion of mild steel in CO2 saturated environments. In order to isolate the effect of the head group on the electrochemical processes underlying corrosion, three different model compounds with the same alkyl tail length (10 carbon atoms) and different head groups were synthesized in-house. The head groups included a Brønsted acid ionic liquid (imidazole-sulfonic acid-type), a zwitterion (imidazole-type) and a quaternary ammonium-type. By performing experiments at pH 4, 30 °C, using an X65 steel rotating cylinder electrode at 1000 RPM, corrosion rate and potentiodynamic polarization curves showed that the head group has a significant impact on the corrosion mechanisms associated with CO2 corrosion. This was particularly true when it comes to the activation energy of the charge transfer reactions governing the CO2 corrosion process. Finally, an electrochemical model (based on a modified Butler-Volmer equation) was developed based on the changes in activation energy produced by each corrosion inhibitor.
A Novel POLG Gene Mutation in 4 Children With Alpers-like Hepatocerebral Syndromes (2010)

The heterozygous presence of the novel p.P1073L mutation in trans with another recessive POLG mutation causes a hepatocerebral disorder identical or very similar to Alpers syndrome. This adds to the already striking clinical heterogeneity of POLG mutations. In the Belgian patients, the familial occurrence without consanguinity is related to the high frequency of the recessive p.A467T and p.W748S mutations in northwestern Europe and reveals a pitfall for diagnosis and genetic counseling.
Injectable, Tough Alginate Cryogels as Cancer Vaccines (2018)

A covalently crosslinked methacrylated (MA)-alginate cryogel vaccine has been previously shown to generate a potent response against murine melanoma, but is not mechanically robust and requires a large 16G needle for delivery. Here, covalent and ionic crosslinking of cryogels are combined with the hypothesis that this will result in a tough MA-alginate cryogel with improved injectability. All tough cryogels can be injected through a smaller, 18G needle without sustaining any damage, while covalently crosslinked-only cryogels break after injection. Cytosine-phosphodiester-guanine (CpG)-delivering tough cryogels effectively activate dendritic cells (DCs). Granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor releasing tough cryogels recruit four times more DCs than blank gels by day 7 in vivo. The tough cryogel vaccine induces strong antigen-specific cytotoxic T-lymphocyte and humoral responses. These vaccines prevent tumor formation in 80% of mice inoculated with HER2/neu-overexpressing DD breast cancer cells. The MA-alginate tough cryogels provide a promising minimally invasive delivery platform for cancer vaccinations.
AVS Generic Audio Coding (2005)

AVS Audio Coding Standard is the first standard for Hi-Fi audio in China. The framework of AVS Audio was introduced. Many key technologies are described in details, including long/short window switch decision based on energy and unpredictability, integer MDCT for lossless time-frequency transform, square polar stereo coding, and context-dependent bitplane coding for scalable entropy coding. The informal subject test result is given between AVS audio codec and several dominating audio codecs. It is shown that AVS audio codec is enough for Hi-Fi audio applications.
Clinical trial evaluating the effectiveness of biocompound IMMUNEPOTENT CRP in the third-molar extraction (2016)

A controlled, parallel, randomized and comparative trial was carried out to evaluate the anti-inflammatory efficacy of IMMUNEPOTENT CRP versus ibuprofen in patients after third-molar surgery over seven days. The anti-inflammatory efficacy of IMMUNEPOTENT CRP was evaluated using the method of Amin and Laskin, and the analysis of cytokine production (IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α, INF-γ) in saliva was done by flow cytometry. The swelling process after surgery was significant (p < 0.05) and the treatments with IMMUNEPOTENT CRP or ibuprofen controlled this process properly; no difference between the groups was found (p < 0.05). Both treatments were shown to modulate the cytokine production. These results demonstrate the anti-inflammatory activity of the natural compound IMMUNEPOTENT CRP and suggest it could be used in clinical dental practice.
Abstract 13597: Gender Difference in Left Atrial Electroanatomical Remodeling and Hemodynamic Association With Left Atrial Pulse Pressure in Patients With Paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation (2013)

Background: We previously reported that female patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) have more advanced electroanatomical remodeling of left atrium (LA) and elevated left ventricular (LV) filling pressure (E/Em). Stiff LA physiology has been known to be proportional to LA pulse pressure (LApp). We hypothesized that gender difference in LA remodeling has hemodynamic linkage to stiff LA physiology in patients with AF. Methods: We included 180 women (60±10 years, 68% paroxysmal AF [PAF]) and 180 age-AF type matched men who underwent radiofrequency catheter ablation (RFCA). LApp was measured at the beginning of procedure in sinus rhythm, and defined as LA peak pressure (v-wave) minus LA nadir pressure (y-descent). We compared LApp with clinical findings, clinical outcome, and characteristics of electroanatomical remodeling (Echo, CT, NavX) depending on gender. Results: 1. In patients with PAF, female had greater E/Em (11.7±4.9 vs. 9.3±3.1, p 2 , p 2 vs. 72.2±20.8ml/m 2 , p Conclusion: Stiff LA physiology, represented by elevated LApp, is more significant in female patients with PAF. However, this gender difference in LA remodeling disappeared in PeAF.
DETECCIÓN DE TRANSMISIÓN TRANSPLACENTARIA DE Anaplasma marginale EN BOVINOS ASINTOMÁTICOS Detection of Anaplasma marginale Transplacental Transmission in Asymptomatic Cattle (2010)

The presence of Anaplasma marginale in calves descendants from cows with asymptomatic infections, was detected. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays carried out in blood samples from 31 healthy cows and their respective calves, revealed the presence of A. marginale-specific DNA in 70 and 40% of them, respectively. The detection of a portion of A. marginale genome in newborn calves, suggests a transplacental motheroffspring transmission. The epizootiological implications of A. marginale-infection in asymptomatic animals and the potential of transplacental transmission in the maintenance of A. marginale were considered. Results lead to conclude that A. marginale transplacental transmission might be of frequent occurrence in the study area, so more specific techniques, such as PCR, are suggested for a more thorough diagnosis.
Heterologous expression of tomato glycoside hydrolase family 3 α‐L‐arabinofuranosidase/β‐xylosidases in tobacco suspension cultured cells and synergic action of a family 51 isozyme under antisense suppression of the enzyme (2013)

Four cDNA clones (SlArf/Xyl1-4) encoding α-l-arabinofuranosidase/β-xylosidase belonging to glycoside hydrolase family 3 were obtained from tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) fruit. SlArf/Xyl1 was expressed in various organs. Its level was particularly high in flower and leaves but low in fruit. SlArf/Xyl3 was highly expressed in flower. On the contrary, SlArf/Xyl2 and 4 were expressed in early developmental stage in various organs. Comparison with SlArf/Xyl4, SlArf/Xyl2 expression was observed in earlier stages. The active recombinant proteins were obtained by using BY-2 tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) suspension cultured cells. The SlArf/Xyl1 and 2 recombinant proteins showed a bi-functional activity of α-l-arabinofuranosidase/β-xylosidase while the SlArf/Xyl4 protein possessed a β-xylosidase activity predominantly. Neither enzyme activities were detected for the SlArf/Xyl3 protein under the same conditions. Although SlArf/Xyl2 possessed a bi-functional activity, it preferentially hydrolyzed arabinosyl residues from tomato hemicellulosic polysaccharides. Antisense suppression of SlArf/Xyl2 resulted in no apparent changes in the enzyme activities, monosaccharide composition or fruit phenotype. Increment of a family 51 α-l-arabinofuranosidase expression rather than that of family 3 resulted in a restoring the activity in SlArf/Xyl2-suppressed fruit. The ability of recombinant SlArf/Xyl2 to hydrolyze both arabinan and arabinoxylan is nearly identical to that of α-l-arabinofuranosidases belonging to family 51. Our results suggested that BY-2 cells are a useful expression system for obtaining active cell wall hydrolyzing enzymes. In addition, an α-l-arabinofuranosidase activity derived from SlArf/Xyl2 would be essential in young organ development and the action of the enzyme could be restored by the other enzyme belonging to a different family under a defective condition.
Abstract 4505: Anti-tumor activity in pancreatic cancer of a low immunogenic and clinically optimized anti-mesothelin immunotoxin RG7787 (2014)

Abstract Background Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) has a poor prognosis and new therapies are needed. SS1P is a recombinant immunotoxin (RIT) containing an anti-mesothelin dsFv fused to a cytotoxic fragment of Pseudomonas Exotoxin A (PE). In clinical trials, patients developed dose-limiting neutralizing anti-drug antibodies within the first cycle of treatment. RG7787 is a next generation, clinically optimized RIT with decreased immunogenicity and increased resistance to lysosomal proteases. In this study, we evaluated the in vitro and in vivo activity of RG7787 in PDAC. Method Five established PDAC cell lines (KLM-1, AsPC-1, BxPC-1, BxpC3, Panc 3.014, and PK-1) and one primary PDAC line directly obtained from a patient tumor (GUMC108) were used. Cell viability and proliferation were calculated by measuring ATP levels with Cell Titer-Glo assays. In vivo activity was evaluated in a subcutaneous KLM-1 mouse tumor model. Delivery of fluor-labeled RG7787 to mouse tumors was assessed by flow cytometry. Results RG7787 had significant in vitro activity in the PDAC cell lines tested with most IC50 values in the subnanomolar range. It was significantly more active than SS1P in KLM-1, Panc 3.014 and GUMC108, with similar activity in the other cell lines. GUMC108 (IC50 = 18.9 pM) was the most sensitive cell line. In KLM-1 cells, SS1P and RG7787 had similar internalization rates. RG7787 could be safely administered to mice at a dose of 2.5 mg/ kg IV QOD x3, which is more than five times the maximum tolerated murine dose of SS1P. In vivo uptake studies in a KLM-1 subcutaneous mouse xenograft model demonstrated intracellular delivery of RG7787-Alexa647 to 50% of tumor cells after a single 2.5 mg/kg IV dose. Tumor volume was reduced by 13% after a single cycle of RG7787 treatment (n=6). Two cycles of combination treatment with paclitaxel (50 mg/kg IP) and RG7787 shrank tumors to &amp;lt;10 mm3 in 100% of mice by 30 days (n = 11 over 2 experiments). Two single doses of paclitaxel alone (n=6) induced stable disease without significant tumor regression. Complete remission persisted through day 100 in 2/11 combination treated animals. Conclusions RG7787 has superior or similar activity compared to SS1P in established PDAC cell lines and a primary PDAC cell line in vitro. In a KLM-1 mouse xenograft model, the combination of paclitaxel with RG7787 cured 18.1% of mice and reduced tumor size by more than 90% in all other mice treated. RG7787 merits further development for the treatment of pancreatic cancer. Citation Format: Ira Pastan, Kevin Hollevoet, Emily Mason-Osann, Christine Alewine, Xiu-Fen Liu. Anti-tumor activity in pancreatic cancer of a low immunogenic and clinically optimized anti-mesothelin immunotoxin RG7787. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 4505. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-4505
High‐sensitivity 5‐, 6‐, and 7‐color PNH WBC assays for both Canto II and Navios platforms (2018)

CD15-gated PNH neutrophil clone size was quantified using either FLAER and CD157, FLAER and CD24, or CD157 and CD24. CD64-gated PNH monocyte clone size was quantified using either FLAER and CD157, FLAER and CD14, or CD157 and CD14. Analysis of >40 PNH samples showed that the FLAER-based plots derive virtually identical data to the non-FLAER plot for neutrophils (R<sup>2</sup> = 1) and monocytes (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.9999) and that closely similar data can be acquired using both Canto II and Navios platforms with 7-, 6-, and 5-color versions of the assay. Assessment of non-PNH samples confirmed extremely low background rate of PNH phenotypes (neutrophils and monocytes) with all three approaches. © 2018 International Clinical Cytometry Society.