gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Delta T1 (dT1) method as a tool to evaluate tumor progression in patients with brain cancer. (2011)

e21056 Background: Evaluation of pre- and post-contrast T1-weighted images is the primary approach to monitoring patients with brain tumors. The pre-contrast images are used to distinguish enhancing lesions on the post-contrast images from other sources of bright signal such as subacute hemorrhage or protein-containing fluid, which appear bright on the T1-weighted pre-contrast image. However, in some cases additional enhancement observed on the post-contrast images, above and beyond the brightness observed on the pre-contrast images, can be quite subtle and thus difficult to detect by direct inspection. Methods: As a solution we have developed an automatic method, the delta T1 (dT1) method, for selection of regions of interest by creating difference maps between standardized pre- and post-contrast T1-weighted images. The dT1 method is a fast, reliable and objective method to detect even subtly enhancing tumors free of blood products. Results: In this study we report the use of technique, dT1 method, for two main applications: a) Detection of tumor residual upon surgery: The dT1 method can aid in distinguishing blood products from residual tumor. b) Early detection of tumor recurrence: The dT1 is highly sensitive to even subtle changes in post-contrast images that can be missed by direct inspection. This condition occurs more frequently with the increasing use of anti-angiogenic agents which make it increasingly difficult to monitor patients with brain tumors simply by visually comparing differences in enhancement. Conclusions: We calculated dT1 maps for patients and correlated dT1 results with time to progression as seen on clinical scans. For all cases for which the dT1 maps were suggestive of the presence of tumor the time to progression was much shorter (3-7 months) compared to dT1 maps with a negative (-) ROI status. We therefore conclude that dT1 method has the potential to serve valuable tool for monitoring patients over time. Patient No. Gender Age Diagnosis dT1 map (ROI status) Time to progression 1 M 50 Glioblastoma + 5 months 2 F 65 Glioblastoma + 3 months 3 F 67 Anaplastic oligodendroglioma + 7 months 4 M 45 Astrocytoma + 4 months 5 M 60 Anaplastic oligoastrocytoma + 3 months 6 F 53 Glioblastoma - 18 months 7 F 41 Oligodendroglioma - 13 months
[LAK cells and cancer]. (1986)

The effectiveness of LAK cells (lymphokine-activated killer cells) on malignant tumors in vivo and in vitro was discussed. LAK cells induced from lymphocytes by interleukin-2 (IL-2) were able to kill target malignant cells in a nonspecific manner. Combination of IL-2 enhanced LAK activity. Adoptive immunotherapy with LAK cells and IL-2 carried out in the USA has produced effective results in several cases; complete regression of skin metastases of malignant melanoma and partial regression of other malignancies. However, high doses of IL-2 mediated a toxic side effect, capillary permeability leak syndrome. Our studies have revealed that LAK cells after one to two weeks incubation do not require such a high concentration of IL-2, and that adoptive immunotherapy using such, LAK cells and IL-2 can be carried out safely.
Regeneration of Dermis: Scarring and Cells Involved (2019)

There are many studies on certain skin cell specifications and their contribution to wound healing. In this review, we provide an overview of dermal cell heterogeneity and their participation in skin repair, scar formation, and in the composition of skin substitutes. The papillary, reticular, and hair follicle associated fibroblasts differ not only topographically, but also functionally. Human skin has a number of particular characteristics that are different from murine skin. This should be taken into account in experimental procedures. Dermal cells react differently to skin wounding, remodel the extracellular matrix in their own manner, and convert to myofibroblasts to different extents. Recent studies indicate a special role of papillary fibroblasts in the favorable outcome of wound healing and epithelial-mesenchyme interactions. Neofolliculogenesis can substantially reduce scarring. The role of hair follicle mesenchyme cells in skin repair and possible therapeutic applications is discussed. Participation of dermal cell types in wound healing is described, with the addition of possible mechanisms underlying different outcomes in embryonic and adult tissues in the context of cell population characteristics and extracellular matrix composition and properties. Dermal white adipose tissue involvement in wound healing is also overviewed. Characteristics of myofibroblasts and their activity in scar formation is extensively discussed. Cellular mechanisms of scarring and possible ways for its prevention are highlighted. Data on keloid cells are provided with emphasis on their specific characteristics. We also discuss the contribution of tissue tension to the scar formation as well as the criteria and effectiveness of skin substitutes in skin reconstruction. Special attention is given to the properties of skin substitutes in terms of cell composition and the ability to prevent scarring.
Design of on-line monitoring for leak current of insulating casing (2008)

The design of on-line monitoring for leak current of insulating casing of switchgear based on a high performance digital signal processor TMS320F2812.Its conditioning circuit and communication module of F2812 are emphasized. An integrated development environment software of code composer studio is adopted as the system software platform. It realizes the entire software system compilation and the debugging and reduces the software development cycle. When the switchgear is on normal operation,this module can real-time detect the leak current of the insulating casing and give out the display report of the current status,these provide the extremely valuable reference information for the user,so it is advantageous for users to make the science and reasonable solution.
The effect of amphiphilic polymers with a continuous amphiphilicity profile on the membrane properties in a bicontinuous microemulsions studied by neutron scattering (2017)

Microemulsion systems consisting of oil, water and surfactant have been studied with neutron scattering techniques. The amount of surfactant needed to form a microemulsion can be dramatically reduced by the addition of small amounts of amphiphilic block copolymers (boosting effect). Here, we studied the influence of block copolymers with gradually changing amphiphilicity from hydrophilic to hydrophobic. Small angle neutron scattering (SANS), neutron spin echo spectroscopy (NSE) and phase diagram measurements in combination give access to the elastic properties of the membrane. The underlying NSE experiments for this interpretation rely on smallest changes of the relaxation curves (of ca. 1% steps) for still small changes of the bending rigidity (of ca. 10% steps). This high reliability of the experiments conducted at the SNS-NSE displays the accuracy of the instrument itself and the latest developments of the evaluation software, which were necessary to interpret such tiny changes of the bending rigidity reliably.
Erratum: “Reaction rates and kinetic isotope effects of H2 + OH → H2O + H” [J. Chem. Phys. 144, 174303 (2016)] (2017)

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Suppression of Cell Debris‐Stimulated Tumor Growth by Resolvin Mediated Clearance (2015)

Background Current clinical approaches to cancer therapy including chemotherapy, kill tumor cells to reduce tumor burden. However, this is a doubled‐edged sword. The debris of dead tumor cells acts as a source of tumor‐stimulation on the few surviving cells. Resolvins (Rvs) are endogenous lipid autacoids derived from omega‐3 fatty acids that serve as “stop signals” in inflammation. We hypothesize that resolvins may represent a novel modality in cancer treatment by pharmacologically promoting the clearance of tumor cell debris. Results Chemotherapy‐induced tumor cell debris stimulated tumor dormancy escape. In a similar fashion but not as potently, phosphatidylserine liposomes (an apoptotic signal), stimulated tumor growth. LCMSMS analysis of tumor cell debris dramatically exhibited increased levels of pro‐inflammatory mediator prostaglandin E 2 . Debris stimulated tumor growth was only prevented by Rvs (at nanogram doses) in contrast to other chemotherapies, anti‐inflammatory agents including corticosteroids and NSAIDs. Rvs, unlike corticosteroids and NSAIDs, stimulated macrophage phagocytosis of cell debris and counter‐regulated pro‐inflammatory cytokines. Conclusions Our results establish the therapeutic enhancement of endogenous resolution as a novel modality to complement current cancer treatments, which inevitably produce tumor cell debris.
P11.22.A Prognostic and predictive relevance of immunohistochemically determined p53 mutation in glioblastoma (2022)

Abstract Background It can be expected that molecular biomarkers will increasingly affect clinical decisions and lead to the development of more personalized therapies in glioblastoma (GBM) in the future. In several other tumor entities TP53 gene mutation or p53 immunoreactivity (IR) serve as a prognostic marker, significantly affecting overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS). Such an association has not yet sufficiently been demonstrated in GBM. However, there are known prognostic markers in GBM, notably MGMT promotor methylation (mMGMT) which also serves as an important predictive marker leading to a better response to temozolomide chemotherapy. Our aim was to evaluate retrospectively if p53 mutation determined via immunohistochemistry (IHC) could act as a prognostic or predictive marker in GBM. Material and Methods Tumor samples of 195 treatment-naïve patients with IDHwt GBM that had been stained with the p53 antibody DO-7 were subdivided into 2 different groups by p53 IHC. Samples were considered as p53mut when strong p53 IR was detected in ≥10% of all tumor cells and as p53wt when in &amp;lt;10%. Treatment, further molecular and survival data were gathered retrospectively for all patients. Statistical analyses were performed with SPSS. Results The frequency of p53mut was 36.4% (71/195). p53mut tumors showed a significantly higher IR with Ki-67 proliferation marker (p=0.005) and p53wt seemed to be associated with multifocal primary tumor localization, though not statistically significant (p=0.107). There was no significant difference between p53wt and p53mut regarding gender, age, extent of resection, adjuvant therapy, occurrence of seizures, mMGMT or ATRX loss. The p53 status was not associated with OS or PFS. Factors that univariately led to significantly longer OS and PFS were younger age, unilateral or unifocal primary tumor localization, gross-total resection, higher Karnofsky Performance Status (KPS), mMGMT and adjuvant treatment via Stupp regimen instead of radiotherapy alone, the latter being significantly better than best supportive care. In multivariate survival analyses only age &amp;lt;65 years, the Stupp regimen more than radiotherapy alone and KPS ≥80% significantly prolonged both OS and PFS. Unifocal primary tumor localization led to longer OS and mMGMT led to longer PFS independently. The p53 status did not significantly affect the response to different adjuvant therapy regimens neither concerning OS nor PFS. Conclusion Based on our study, p53 IR has no prognostic or predictive significance in IDHwt GBM. There have been previous studies with similar and others with contradicting results. Remarkable is the discordance of the used IR thresholds between different studies. Further studies should aim to revalidate the staining threshold and improve the concordance between TP53 gene sequencing and p53 IHC in IDHwt GBM.
Photoenolization-Induced Oxirane Ring Opening in 2,5-Dimethylbenzoyl Oxiranes To Form Pharmaceutically Promising Indanone Derivatives (2010)

Irradiation of 2,5-dimethylbenzoyl oxiranes results in a relatively efficient and high-yielding formation of β-hydroxy functionalized indanones that structurally resemble biologically active pterosines. Nanosecond laser flash photolysis and quantum-chemical calculations based on density functional theory provided evidence that this photochemical transformation proceeds primarily via a photoenolization mechanism. Our study revealed considerable complexity of the mechanism and that structural modifications can significantly alter the reaction pathway and yield different products. The scope of this photochemical transformation for the synthesis of some pharmaceutically important compounds was investigated.
Sitagliptin for the prevention of stress hyperglycemia in patients without diabetes undergoing coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery (2019)

The use of sitagliptin during the perioperative period did not prevent the development of stress hyperglycemia or need for insulin therapy in patients without diabetes undergoing CABG surgery.
Post-Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantion Immune-Mediated Cytopenias (2008)

Immune-mediated cytopenias after allogeneic stem cell transplantation can be categorized as either alloimmune when host or donor immunity reacts against donor or host elements, respectively, or autoimmune when donor immunity reacts against donor hematopoietic tissue, owing to poorly understood mechanisms that result in severe impairment of central and peripheral tolerance. Immune cytopenias are manifested as monolineage or more rarely as bilineage cytopenias, and are usually mediated through humoral immune mechanisms. On the contrary, immune-mediated pancytopenia is a rare event with only few cases reported in the literature. The exact pathogenesis of immune pancytopenia is not well known although it is possible that cellular immunity may play a significant role. The importance of these syndromes lies in the fact that they can cause severe morbidity and mortality. Differential diagnosis from other causes of post-transplant pancytopenia is of extreme value because these disorders can respond to various treatment modalities.
Inhibition of cerebrovascular raf activation attenuates cerebral blood flow and prevents upregulation of contractile receptors after subarachnoid hemorrhage (2011)

These results provide evidence for a role of the ERK1/2 pathway in regulation of expression of cerebrovascular SMC receptors. It is suggested that raf inhibition may reduce late cerebral ischemia after SAH and provides a realistic time window for therapy.
Study of Cu Bimetallic Corrosion and Its Inhibition Strategy for Cu Interconnect Application Using Micro-Pattern Corrosion Screening (2015)

Ru and other noble metals have been actively investigated for use as seedless liner/barrier materials for advanced Cu interconnect applications. Due to the lack of volatile byproducts in the reactive ion etching of Cu, the Cu interconnects are fabricated by dual damascene patterning process that involves etching a trench/via pattern into a dielectric, the blanket deposition of a diffusion barrier followed by Cu electroplating, and finally removal of Cu overburden by chemical-mechanical planarization (CMP). Since the CMP process exposes the Cu interconnect and metal barrier to the continual presence of corrosive chemicals, the resulting bimetallic corrosion between Cu and diffusion barrier metal can be detrimental to the overall production yields of integrated circuit devices. In this paper, we will present findings from a new corrosion screening metrology utilizing micro-corrosion test patterns (Cu dots, D≈130µm) to provide rapid in-situ corrosion evaluations in manufacture relevant chemical environments used to produce Cu interconnect structure. The results from Cu micro-pattern corrosion screening corroborate well with XPS and electrochemical techniques to reveal the detailed bimetallic corrosion mechanisms in specific chemical environments. For most of the CMP solutions studied to date, the Cu corrosion was found to be accelerated through an oxygen reduction reaction catalyzed by Ru. The new insights obtained from mechanistic investigation on Cu/Ru bimetallic corrosion not only help to unveil the real functions of each chemical previously masked by the complex matrix of CMP formulation, it also significantly expands the chemistry tool set that enables better corrosion inhibition strategy to protect detrimental corrosion defects of Cu interconnect with minute nanometer dimension used in advanced IC device. For example, micro-pattern corrosion screening results and electrochemical analyses revealed that 1mM pyrazole in 8 wt.% tetramethyl ammonium hydroxide (TMAH) solution could inhibit Cu corrosion more effectively than 10mM benzotriazole (BTA) in the same solution. Overall Cu corrosion rate in TMAH based highly alkaline post CMP cleaning solution is shown to be considerably reduced to &lt;1Å/min by addition of pyrazole as corrosion inhibitor.
Age-Related Aspects of Cutaneous Wound Healing: A Mini-Review (2012)

As the aging population in developed countries is growing in both numbers and percentage, the medical, social, and economic burdens posed by nonhealing wounds are increasing. Hence, it is all the more important to understand the mechanisms underlying age-related impairments in wound healing. The purpose of this article is to give a concise overview of (1) normal wound healing, (2) alterations in aging skin that have an impact on wound repair, (3) alterations in the repair process of aged skin, and (4) general factors associated with old age that might impair wound healing, with a focus on the literature of the last 10 years.
Interactive Structure Elucidation (1977)

The topic of computer-assisted structure elucidation cuts across disciplinary boundaries as well as the traditional boundaries within the discipline of chemistry itself. As a result, scientists with varied backgrounds and interests have been attracted to it. We entered the area through the door marked "natural products chemists." It was our own work in structure elucidation (1-8) that led us to the computer and the belief that the process as practiced by the natural products chemist is amenable to computer modeling. It is quite evident that our efforts bear the imprint of our background. While it is true that no two natural products chemists practice the science and art of structure elucidation in exactly the same way, certain common features may be discerned (Figure 1). Three integral components of the process are: 1. the reduction of chemical and physical data to their structural implications; 2. the familiar partial structure, an expression
The distance transform algorithm on a two-processor computer (2003)

This paper contains the description of the implementation of the weighted distance transform for digital image analysis on a two-processor shared memory computer. The computer is a SMP (symmetric multiprocessing) computer and the algorithm is implemented using POSIX threads.
Milk lipids in infant formulas modify the proteolysis, microbiota and intestinal physiology in neonatal piglets (2014)

Human milk is generally recognized as the gold stallion in neonatal nutrition. Structure, composition and physiological properties of Human milk are better mimicked in infant formulas that include milk lipids and milk fat membrane extracts although very few infant formulae use milk lipids more expensive than vegetable lipids. Two formulas based on i) vegetable fat (STD) or ii) a blend of vegetable fat and milk lipids stabilized by milk fat membrane extracts (EXP) were distributed with an automatic milk feeder to piglets from birth until 28 days. After euthanasia, Intestinal contents and tissues (proximal jejunum and ileum) and mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN) were collected. The residual immunoreactivity of β-lactoglobulin (β-lg) and caseins (Cns) present in the digestive compartments was determined by ELISA. The paracellular permeability (using FITC-dextran 4000) was evaluated using Ussing chambers. The EXP formula enhanced the resistance to proteolysis of β-lg and Cns. It modified microbiota with an increase in proteobacteria and a decrease in firmicutes. Ileal density (g/cm) was greater in EXP-fed piglets at 28 d. A decreased jejunal permeability was observed between d7 and d28 in EXP-fed piglets which was not observed with STD. There was an important effect of formula components on the secretory activity of MLN: a major immunosuppressor effect of the lipid fraction extracted from digestas of both formulas was evidenced. In conclusion, the lipid composition in infant formulas influenced the neonatal intestinal physiology through release of immunomodulatory lipids, modulation of proteolysis and modification of progressive colonisation of the infant digestive tract by bacteria.
Emergence of New Pandemic GII.4 Sydney Norovirus Strain Correlates With Escape From Herd Immunity (2013)

GII.4-2012 Sydney is antigenically different from GII.4-2006 Minerva and GII.4-2009 New Orleans in at least 2 key blockade epitopes. Viral evolution in key potential neutralization epitopes likely allowed GII.4-2012 to escape from human herd immunity and emerge as the new predominant strain.
<title>Diffraction efficiency of a volume transmission diffraction grating when rotated around its K vector</title> (1999)

The theoretical and experimental study of the diffraction efficiency of a volume transmission diffraction grating when illuminated by an arbitrary direction reconstruction beam was realized. It was found that on the contrary of what is usually expected, the diffraction efficiency could be increased by a rotation of the grating around its K vector, although the exact Bragg condition is no longer satisfied. Theoretically, the diffraction efficiency can be increased up to 100% for any grating, if we discard the reflection on the grating boundary, and absorption on the holographic media.
The Biosynthesis of Biologically Active Proteins in mRNA-MicroinjectedXenopusOocyte (1985)

The basic properties of mRNA-injected Xenopus oocytes as a heterologous system for the production of biologically active proteins will be reviewed. The advantages and limitations involved in the use of this in ovo system will be discussed, as compared with in vitro cell-free translation systems and with in vivo microinjected mammalian cells in culture. The different assay systems that have been utilized for the identification of the biological properties of oocyte-produced proteins will be described. This section will review the determination of properties such as binding of natural ligands, like heme or alpha-bungarotoxin; immunological recognition by antibodies; subcellular compartmentalization and/or secretion; various enzymatic catalytic activities; and induction in ovo of biological activities that affect other living cells in culture, such as those of interferon and of the T-cell receptor. The limitations involved in interpretation of results obtained using mRNA-injected oocytes will be critically reviewed. Special attention will be given to the effect of oocyte proteases and of changes in the endogenous translation rate on quantitative measurements of oocyte-produced proteins. In addition, the validity of the various measurement techniques will be evaluated. The various uses of bioassays of proteins produced in mRNA-injected Xenopus oocytes throughout the last decade will be reviewed. Nuclear and cytoplasmic injections, mRNA and protein turnover measurements and abundance calculations, and the use of in ovo bioassays for molecular cloning experiments will be discussed in this section. Finally, potential future uses of the oocyte system in various fields of research, such as immunology, neurobiology, and cell biology will be suggested.
Molecular Mechanism of Prion Protein Oligomerization at Atomic Resolution (2013)

Prion protein oligomerization: Despite the crucial role of oligomers during prion protein (PrP) pathogenesis the molecular mechanism of their formation has remained largely elusive. A 2D time-resolved NMR study which made it possible to characterize the oligomerization kinetics with unprecedented site-specificity is reported.