gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Arginine 186 in the Extracellular N-Terminal Region of the Human Parathyroid Hormone 1 Receptor Is Essential for Contact with Position 13 of the Hormone (1998)

PTH maintains blood calcium concentrations within the physiological range by acting on a G protein-coupled heptahelical receptor (PTH1 Rc) located primarily in cells in bone and kidney. We have undertaken a photoaffinity cross-linking approach to elucidate the nature of the bimolecular interaction of PTH with the human (h) PTH1 Rc. Specifically, we have studied the region of the receptor that interacts with the midregion of PTH-(1-34), position 13, using a benzophenone-containing photoaffinity ligand, 125I-[Nle(8,18),Lys13(epsilon-pBz2),L-2-NaI23,Arg(26,2 7),Tyr34]bPTH-(1-34)NH2 (125I-K13). Using site-directed mutagenesis in combination with biochemical analysis, we have reduced our previously identified contact domain, 17 residues in the extracellular region of the receptor (173-189), to an 8-amino acid domain (182-189). Furthermore, we have found arginine 186 to be of critical importance to the interaction of the hPTH1 Rc with 125I-K13: modification of Arg186 to either lysine or alanine does not modify receptor avidity or signal transduction by the receptor, but eliminates cross-linking to 125I-K13.
Investigation of Scar Formation in Fine Blanking Processes and their Prediction in 3D ALE Simulations (2014)

Scar formation in fine blanking was investigated by means of a particularly developed fine blanking tool and experimental evidence about significant the process parameters chamfer size of the blanking tools, V-Ring usage and clearance is given. Furthermore, a special purpose Finite Element code using the Arbitrary-Lagrange-Eulerian method with a process specific mesh generation is demonstrated and used for the determination of relevant parameters for prediction crack formation in 3D fine blanking simulations. The simulations shown, that a commonly used description of fracture strain as a function of stress and deformation state is not sufficient. In order to simulate scar occurrence on the blanking surface, the significant increase of fracture strain due to temperature rise because of plastic heat generation has to be taken into account. A possible way of measuring the temperature effect was shown in torsion tests at different initial temperature levels.
Experimental research and surgery: Why, how, and when? (2001)

Experimental research faces two great problems: the significant reduction of public funding and the firm opposition of the public opinion. The law forbids the use of large animals, so that it is possible to use small animals only, which require microsurgical techniques. However, even a skillful surgeon does not know how to perform microsurgery and has to begin a long and tiring training to master techniques. We think that experimental surgery should play a role because it tests the validity and safety of new surgical techniques and allows special pathophysiological aspects to be studied. Furthermore experimental surgery could represent an essential stage in the training of young surgeons. We should find a balance between observance of the law and respect of the animals and, on the other hand, the role of experimental surgery because we should not forget that its most important aim is the improvement of the health of the humankind.
Renal Dysfunction After Cardiac Surgery with Normothermic Cardiopulmonary Bypass: Incidence, Risk Factors, and Effect on Clinical Outcome (2003)

We found that postoperative renal dysfunction was a frequent and severe complication after normothermic cardiac surgery, independently associated with poor outcome. Independent predictors of this complication were advanced age, active endocarditis, and recent (within 48 h) radiocontrast agent administration (the only preoperative modifiable factor), as well as postoperative hemodynamic dysfunction.
INDUCED AND SPONTANEOUS THYROID CANCER IN THE SYRIAN (GOLDEN) HAMSTER12 (1960)

Twenty-four or 12% of 204 hamsters fed an iodine deficient diet of rice and carrots developed thyroid cancer with metastases to lymph nodes or lungs. An additional 57 or 28% had probable cancer and 121 or 59% had thyroid hyperplasia. Histologically, the cancers were follicular adenocarcinomas. For the most part, they were so well differentiated as to preclude a definite diagnosis of cancer in the absence of metastases. The well differentiated, metastatic cancers are comparable to the “metastasizing struma” of man. The neoplastic changes in the thyroid gland were diffuse, suggesting TSH stimulation. The findings were confirmed in a second experiment using hamsters from a different source. However, metastatic thyroid cancer was found only in females of this experiment. This could be a result of fortuitous selection or a manifestation of genetic differences. In other experiments, spontaneous thyroid cancer was found in 8 or 1.5% of 523 hamsters surviving 181 days or longer on a diet of Purina Laboratory Chow. The cancers were of two histologic types, papillary and follicular adenocarcinoma and spindle cell carcinoma. Lymph node metastases were found. The spindle cell type was the more frequent and is of particular interest because of the presence of nuclear inclusions in the spindle cells. Areas of the thyroid not involved with cancer were normal histologically. This suggests an ctiologic mechanism other than that of TSH stimulation.
Dialkynyl selenides: Synthesis, 13C NMR spectra, and molecular orbital calculations (1994)

Abstract Reactions of SeCl 4 with lithium bis(trimethylsilyl)amide and terminal acetylenes in the presence of BuLi or AIBN afforded the corresponding dialkynyl selenides in moderate to high yields. The reaction may proceed via a selenium amide 7 and an alkynyl selenium amide 8 . The comparison of 13 C NMR spectra of dialkynyl selenides and tellurides has disclosed that the differences of the chemical shift of acetylenic carbons between Se and Te derivatives are consistent regardless of their substitution patterns. Ab initio molecular orbital calculations are reported for dialkynyl ether and chalcogenides. The calculated structures, charge distributions, and orbital energies are discussed.
Observation of Crystalline Defects Causing pn Junction Reverse Leakage Current (2008)

A major crystalline defect which causes a pn junction reverse leakage current has been identified. A faintish stripe defect (FSD), the main cause of the leakage current, was observed in about 90% of the current leak points of our pn diodes. Double shell pits were observed at the edge of the FSD after molten KOH etching, indicating that the FSD is elongated on a basal plane and crosses the epilayer surface. The FSDs are sorted into several groups in terms of the shapes and arrangements of the etch pits. A cross-sectional TEM image of an FSD shows an eight-hold stacked structure, demonstrating that the defect contains a stacking fault. Etch pit observation after repetitive RIE of an epilayer revealed that FSDs originate both in threading dislocations in SiC substrates and from an SiC epitaxial growth process itself.
Nocturnal erections, differential diagnosis of impotence, and diabetes. (1977)

The growth in stochastic local renewable generation and the increase in new high peak power loads such as electric vehicles and heat pumps warrants the use of more detailed load models to properly assess grid adequacy. In this paper a method is proposed to develop load and generation models based on statistical analyses of measurement data using Gaussian Mixture Models and Copula functions. The two stage approach enables separate modelling of the marginal distributions and correlation structures and is shown to be able to provide a good representation of the statistical behaviour of measured electric household load. The fitted models are then used to stochastically generate load profiles and assess the peak shaving potential and required size of an energy storage unit. Taking into account the correlations is shown to be important for a proper representation of the profiles and may have a substantial effect on the results of the analysis.
Genome-wide copy number profiling of mouse neural stem cells during differentiation (2015)

There is growing evidence that gene amplifications were present in neural stem and progenitor cells during differentiation. We used array-CGH to discover copy number changes including gene amplifications and deletions during differentiation of mouse neural stem cells using TGF-ß and FCS for differentiation induction. Array data were deposited in GEO (Gene Expression Omnibus, NCBI) under accession number GSE35523. Here, we describe in detail the cell culture features and our TaqMan qPCR-experiments to validate the array-CGH analysis. Interpretation of array-CGH experiments regarding gene amplifications in mouse and further detailed analysis of amplified chromosome regions associated with these experiments were published by Fischer and colleagues in Oncotarget (Fischer et al., 2015). We provide additional information on deleted chromosome regions during differentiation and give an impressive overview on copy number changes during differentiation induction at a time line.
Urban Farming in Myanmar: An Experiential Learning Project for Engineering and Science Students from Hong Kong and Myanmar (2018)

Urban farming as enhanced by the latest cloud computing and Internet of Things (IoT) technologies may possibly give a promising direction to solve the global issue of food crisis. This work-in-progress paper describes a group of 13 Engineering students from the University of Hong Kong (HKU) working closely with 35 Science students from the Dagon University (DU) in Myanmar through an experiential project to investigate thoroughly on the challenging topic of urban farming with a number of carefully designed field trips, seminars, training workshops and other interesting activities. To ensure a more fruitful inter-disciplinary collaboration between students from 2 different cities, the Engineering students have designed and implemented by themselves 6 sets of IoT devices potentially used for urban farming to share their professional knowledge and experience with the Science students in Myanmar. On the other hand, the Science students gave presentations and also guided various field trips for site installation and testing of the IoT devices. More importantly, to critically evaluate the possible impacts of experiential learning, a debriefing session will be conducted on both individual and group basis at the end of each day. Furthermore, both DU and HKU students will try to explore new and potential Engineering problems by themselves in the city of Yangon for further investigation in the upcoming years.
Selective Addressing of High-Rank Atomic Polarization Moments (2003)

We describe a method of selective generation and study of polarization moments of up to the highest-rank kappa=2F possible for a quantum state with total angular momentum F. The technique is based on nonlinear magneto-optical rotation with frequency-modulated light. Various polarization moments are distinguished by the periodicity of light-polarization rotation induced by the atoms during Larmor precession and exhibit distinct light-intensity and frequency dependences. We apply the method to study polarization moments of 87Rb atoms contained in a vapor cell with antirelaxation coating. Distinct ultranarrow (1-Hz wide) resonances, corresponding to different multipoles, appear in the magnetic-field dependence of the optical rotation. The use of the highest-multipole resonances supported by a given system has important applications in quantum and nonlinear optics and in magnetometry.
Safe Performance of Magnetic Resonance Imaging on Five Patients with Permanent Cardiac Pacemakers (1996)

When appropriate strategies are used our experience suggests that MRI may be performed, when necessary, with an acceptable risk-benefit ratio to the patient. It is unclear whether the isolated pause that was observed was due to the effect of the MRI, an artifact with the monitoring system, or oversensing by the pacemaker. Appropriate patient selection, close monitoring during the scan, and follow-up after MRI are of paramount importance. Further study is necessary to refine the appropriate strategies that could be used to consistently perform MRI safely in a selected pacemaker population.
P4‐493: IDENTIFYING GENETIC MODIFIERS OF APOE VIA IMPUTATION OF DEVIATION IN EVOLUTIONARY ACTION LOAD IN ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE (2019)

To date, the APOEɛ4 allele is the best known genetic risk factor of AD, while the APOEɛ2 allele is known to protect against AD. However, some APOEɛ4 allele carriers remain AD-free, and some APOEɛ2 carriers have signs and symptoms of dementia. In order to explain this disparity in genotye-phenotype relationship, we developed a method that focuses on these paradoxical responders and measures the degree of mutational selection on each individual gene as a ratio between mutational burden (scored by a fundamental equation of evolution, called the Evolutionary Action (EA) equation) and background mutation rate. This allows us to quantify the deviation in mutational EA burden of a gene against those with similar background mutation rate. For each gene, we then compare the deviations in the two populations of interest (APOEɛ2 AD carriers and APOEɛ4 healthy individuals) to identify outliers with apparent potential for protective or pathogenic qualities. We then tested the involvement of these genes in Drosophila models of AD-associated pathophysiology. We found ∼200 protective or pathogenic genes using a z-score threshold of 2.5 (>99thpercentile). As a computational validation, we saw that the protective genes are depleted of high-impact variants in APOEɛ4 AD patients compared to healthy APOEɛ4 carriers, while pathogenic genes have an overabundance of high-impact variants in APOEɛ2 AD carriers compared to APOEɛ2 healthy individuals. Moreover, the gene set is highly enriched for dysregulated expression in the brains of AD patients. Strikingly, 46.3% of the fly homologs tested modified motor performance deficits induced by Tau or APP, both of which are responsible for pathological hallmarks of AD. Furthermore, many of these genes harbor variants with odds ratio greater than 2 in the human AD population. We conclude that this method successfully identifies protective or pathogenic modifiers of APOE in AD and allow for a tractable analysis of specific variants by quantitatively distinguishing genes under differential selection pressures. Identification of such genes and how they interact together would allow better understanding of epistatic relationships in Alzheimer's disease and provide additional insight into novel drug targets for therapeutic exploration.
Bicontinuous interfacially jammed emulsion gels with nearly uniform sub-micrometer domains via regulated co-solvent removal (2022)

Porous materials possess numerous useful functions because of their high surface area and ability to modulate the transport of heat, mass, fluids, and electromagnetic waves. Unlike highly ordered structures, disordered porous structures offer the advantages of ease of fabrication and high fault tolerance. Bicontinuous interfacially jammed emulsion gels (bijels) are kinetically trapped disordered biphasic materials that can be converted to porous materials with tunable features. Current methods of bijel fabrication result in domains that are micrometers or larger, and non-uniform in size, limiting their surface area, mechanical strength, and interaction with electromagnetic waves. In this work, scalable synthesis of bijels with uniform and sub-micrometer domains is achieved via a two-step solvent removal process. The resulting bijels are characterized quantitatively to verify the uniformity and sub-micrometer scale of the domains. Moreover, these bijels have structures that resemble the microstructure of the scale of the white beetle Cyphochilus. We find that such bijel films with relatively small thicknesses (&lt; 150 um) exhibit strong solar reflectance as well as high brightness and whiteness in the visible range. Considering their scalability in manufacturing, we believe that VIPS-STRIPS bijels have great potential in large-scale applications including passive cooling, solar cells, and light emitting diodes (LEDs).
Development of a set of near isogenic and backcross recombinant inbred lines containing most of theLycopersicon hirsutumgenome in aL. esculentumgenetic background: A tool for gene mapping and gene discovery (2000)

A novel population consisted of a set of 99 near isogenic lines (NILs) and backcross recombinant inbred lines (BCRILs) derived from a cross between the cultivated tomato Lycopersicon esculentum cv. E6206 and L. hirsutum accession LA1777 is presented. Most of the lines contain a single defined introgression from L. hirsutum in the L. esculentum genetic background and together, the lines provide a coverage of more than the 85% of the L. hirsutum genome. These lines represent a new tool to uncover the genetic resources hidden in L. hirsutum as well as to study the genes responsible of its unique biology. Furthermore, the study of the allelic frequency and heterozygosity among BCRILs showed that specific genomic regions were likely subjected to unintentional selection pressures during the stock development. Genes involved in the reproductive behavior and (or) pollen viability are hypothesized to be responsible for these alterations.Key words: germplasm, near isogenic line, tomato, genetic resources.
Ether-Based Electrolytes for the Lithium/Oxygen Organic Electrolyte Battery (2005)

The practical operation of a lithium/oxygen organic electrolyte battery depends on a significant amount of dissolved oxygen transporting through the organic electrolyte permeating the carbon black cathode before its reduction occurs. The rate of oxygen transport directly influences rate capability and discharge capacity. The organic electrolyte can be tailored to maximize the transport of oxygen while still retaining the ability to form a stable solid electrolyte interface with the lithium anode, chemical stability towards the discharge products and , and oxidative stability to over . We investigated an ether-based electrolyte containing four different electrolyte salts to determine how electrolyte properties such as oxygen solubility, dynamic viscosity, and conductivity change with each electrolyte salt, and how this directly affects rate capability and discharge capacity. The results indicate that discharge capacity at is determined by dynamic viscosity alone for these electrolytes, while discharge capacity at 0.2 and shows no correlation with either oxygen solubility, dynamic viscosity, or conductivity. Our results demonstrate that a substantial improvement in rate capability can be achieved by optimizing electrolyte viscosity.
Speed Sensorless Vector Control of Unbalanced Three-Phase Induction Motor with Adaptive Sliding Mode Control (2014)

This paper presents a technique for speed sensorless Rotor Flux Oriented Control (RFOC) of 3-phase Induction Motor (IM) under open-phase fault (unbalanced or faulty IM). The presented RFOC strategy is based on rotational transformation. An adaptive sliding mode control system with an adaptive switching gain is proposed instead of the speed PI controller. Using an adaptive sliding mode control causes the proposed speed sensorless RFOC drive system to become insensitive to uncertainties such as load disturbances and parameter variations. Moreover, with adaptation of the sliding switching gain, calculation of the system uncertainties upper bound is not needed. Finally, simulation results have been presented to confirm the good performance of the proposed method.
Keyhole transsylvian resection of infiltrative insular gliomas: technique and anatomic results (2015)

Localized insular gliomas can be effectively removed through a minimally invasive approach without increasing the risk of neurological morbidity. This minimizes manipulation of uninvolved, potentially eloquent cortices, and minimizes damage to the overlying soft tissue.
Stereotomography: past, present and future (2004)

Stereotomography was proposed six years ago for estimating velocity macro‐models from seismic reflection data. Initially we aimed at defining a method keeping the advantages of standard travel time tomography but remedying to the difficult interpretative picking. We expected a solution with tomographic methods based on locally coherent events. Stereotomography has been now implemented and applied in 2D and 3D, and a precious experience has been gained. The initially expected advantages of the approach have been fully demonstrated, but further studies have also considerably increased its potentiality and flexibility. This is particularly true concerning the stereotomographic picking, which remains a difficult step. By now stereotomographic picking can be done either in the pre‐stack or post‐stack domains, either in the time or depth domains. Finally it appears that the theoretical frame of Stereotomography allows to reconcile in a very pleasant and efficient way most of the methods proposed for velocity macro‐model estimation. Moreover an extension of the method to full waveform inversion already exists, and promises very interesting developments.
Multidimensional free energy volumes offer unique insights into reaction mechanisms, molecular conformation and association (2012)

Free energy is a central measure in statistical mechanics and the means by which other thermodynamic properties of a system may be accessed. Using an efficient numerical method referred to as the Free Energy from Adaptive Reaction Coordinate Forces (FEARCF) method it is shown that multidimensional free energy volumes (FEVs) are computable and that they are critical to the understanding of reactions, conformational analysis and molecular association. Specifically the FEV of the hydrolysis reaction catalysed by a cellobiohydrolase I is shown to reveal molecular details of the reaction mechanism. The reaction is understood from a combination of the two dimensional reaction free energy surface, W(ξ(1), ξ(2)) and the three dimensional glucopyranose ring pucker FEV, W(ξ(1), ξ(2), ξ(3)). These studies provide for the first time details of the evolution of the oxocarbenium ion, which is a key to characterizing transition state structures seen in carbohydrate chemistry. A long-standing challenge has been the unambiguous assignment of the relative orientation of molecular pairs in solution. Here we describe how the molecular association of the benzene dimer in water and their relative orientational attraction are found from four dimensional, FEVs W(ξ(1), ξ(2), ξ(3), ξ(4)).
Ozone‐mediated polyol synthesis from soybean oil (2005)

Abstract Polyols from vegetable oils can replace petroleumbased polyols in the preparation of polyurethanes and polyesters in a wide range of applications. However, previous preparation methods are either too costly, inefficient, or yield secondary alcohols, which are less reactive than the desired primary alcohols. The objectives of this study were to prepare primary soy‐based polyols by a new catalytic ozonolysis process and to characterize the composition of the product mixture. In this new process, the polyols were prepared by passing ozone through a solution of soybean oil and ethylene glycol in the presence of an alkaline catalyst. Unlike conventional ozonolysis that yields aldehydes and carboxylic acids by spontaneous decomposition of the ozonide intermediates, the ozonides in our method reacted with the hydroxyl group of the glycol to form an ester linkage with a terminal hydroxy group. Statistical analysis of the product mixture indicates that the resulting polyol mixture is more uniform than the original TG mixture, having (2‐hydroxy)nonanoate as the major component of the new hydroxyl functional TG. The chemical structure of the polyols produced was further characterized by iodine number and 13 C NMR and FTIR spectroscopy, which confirmed the cleavage of the double bonds, the presence of hydroxyl groups, and the formation of new ester linkages.