gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF PULSED ELECTRIC FIELDS (PEF) PROCESSING FOR CHAMBER DESIGN AND OPTIMISATION (2009)

The pulsed electric fields technology (PEF) is a highly effective method for liquid food preservation at low or moderate temperatures. One key component of this technology is the treatment chamber, in which the food is exposed to a pulsed electric field. The electric field strength and the temperature distribution in the treatment chamber have been identified as the key processing parameters affecting treatment efficacy and the sensorial characteristic of the food. A computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model, describing the stationary flow pattern, the electric field and the temperature distributions in a pilot-scale treatment chamber with co-linear configuration of the electrodes, was developed and validated by means of temperature mapping studies using fibre optic probes. The impact of different treatment chamber designs on process uniformity was simulated. All simulations were performed with the commercial software package COMSOL Multiphysics ™ (Comsol AB, Stockholm, Sweden), which is based on the Finite Element Method (FEM). NOTATION
Evaluation of relationships among refractive and topographic parameters (1999)

As the degree of myopia and negative asphericity increased, the corneal radius of curvature decreased. Corneal Q-values less than -0.3 were associated with reduced optical performance of the cornea.
Interaction between mGluR8 and Calcium Channels in Photoreceptors Is Sensitive to Pertussis Toxin and Occurs Via G Protein βγ Subunit Signaling (2004)

These results suggest that the function of mGluR8 of modulating the cytosolic Ca2+ concentration and thereby potentially the release of neurotransmitter from rod spherules, the axon terminal systems of rod photoreceptors, is mediated by a pertussis toxin-sensitive G protein potentially via the betagamma subunit. The absence of Go and Gz proteins, as reported previously, implies a novel potential interaction between Gi2 and/or Gt protein/transducin and mGluR8 in photoreceptors. These results have potential implications for the regulatory function and pharmacologic targeting of mGluR8 in photoreceptors.
Towards engineering O 2 -tolerance in [Ni–Fe] hydrogenases (2011)

International audience
Time Compressed Higher Speed CAOS Imaging (2023)

For the first time, proposed and experimentally demonstrated is a time compressed higher speed CAOS (Coded Access Optical Sensor) camera. Specifically, proposed are new Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) CAOS mode Walsh-matrix based image irradiance encoding techniques that allow faster encoding times for One Dimensional (1-D) and Two Dimensional imaging (2-D). CAOS imaging and spectrometer optical designs are introduced for engaging these faster encoding methods, including a novel 2-D folded spectrum high resolution spectrometer. Experimentally demonstrated is a 16 times faster CAOS imager for 1-D imaging. Computer simulations verify a 16 times faster 2-D image recovery via the time compressed CAOS.
Enhancing the light olefin selectivity of an iron-based Fischer–Tropsch synthesis catalyst by modification with CTAB (2018)

The effects of the surfactant hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) on the catalytic performance of a manganese-promoted iron (FeMn) catalyst for the Fischer-Tropsch to olefin (FTO) reaction were investigated. The use of the CTAB-assisted FeMn catalyst resulted in the production of light olefin (C<sub>2-4</sub> <sup>[double bond, length as m-dash]</sup>) selectivity of up to 55.45% with a ratio of olefin to paraffin among the C<sub>2</sub>-C<sub>4</sub> hydrocarbons as high as 7.75 under industrially relevant conditions (320 °C, 1.0 MPa, H<sub>2</sub>/CO ratio of 1.5 (v/v), GHSV = 4200 h<sup>-1</sup>). The characterization results indicate that CTAB has a great influence on the structure, composition, chemical state, and catalytic performance of the iron-based catalyst. Most interestingly, a greater amount of Mn promoter was found to be dispersed on the surface of α-Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>, rather than being dissolved into the α-Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> lattice when CTAB was employed, which contributed towards enhancing the promotional effects of the Mn promoter, leading to the formation of certain surface-specific activity sites.
Tuning Pressure-Induced Phase Transitions, Amorphization, and Excitonic Emissions of 2D Hybrid Perovskites via Varying Organic Amine Cations (2019)

The existence of organic components in 2D hybrid organic–inorganic perovskites gives them significant structural flexibility in response to pressure. Here we study the high-pressure behavior and associated physical properties of a family of 2D hybrid perovskites, [CnH2n+1NH3]2PbI4 (n = 4, 8, 12). Our high-pressure synchrotron X-ray diffraction experiments and ab initio molecular dynamics simulations show that the critical pressures for driving structural transitions and amorphization are proportional to the length of alkylamine cations, which arise from their scaling counterbalance to compression energy via conformational rearrangements. In addition, we reveal that their photoluminescence alters from free excitons to bound excitons, then to self-trapped excitons under successive pressure manipulation. Furthermore, we discovered that the high-pressure treatment could transform the samples from bulk micrometer powders to thin nanosheets. Our findings suggest that these 2D hybrid perovskites structurally evolve and amorphize in a remarkably different way compared with conventional 2D materials because of their high degrees of structural freedom.
Coffee Silverskin as a Renewable Resource to Produce Butanol and Isopropanol (2018)

Coffee is the second largest traded commodity after oil and large amounts of by-products are generated in the coffee industry every year. In particular, coffee silverskin (CS) and spent coffee grounds (SCG) are the main coffee industry residues. CS is about 4.2% (w/w) of coffee beans and the valorisation of this waste through the biorefinery approach may boost the circular economy development. In the present contribution, CS was pretreated with one of the mainly investigated biomass pretreatment reported in literature: alkaline hydrolysis in NaOH solutions. After enzymatic hydrolysis of the pretreated CS, the obtained sugars were used as carbon source to produce butanol and isopropanol by Clostridium beijerinckii DSM 6423. Moreover, fermentation tests were also carried out with synthetic media to investigate the effects of the alkaline pretreatment on the fermentation process. When pretreated CS was used as feedstock, the largest yields were 0.16 and 0.31 gsolvent/gsugars isopropanol and butanol, respectively. The reported results foster further studies regarding the reuse of CS for solvents production through fermentation processes.
Lung Segmentation Algorithm For Cad System In Cta Images (2011)

In this study, we present a new and fast algorithm for lung segmentation using CTA images. This process is quite important especially at lung vessel segmentation, detection of pulmonary emboly, finding nodules or segmentation of airways. Applied method has been carried out at four steps. At first step, images have been applied optimal threshold. At the second one, the subsegment vessels, which have a place in lung region and which are in small dimension, have been removed. At the third one, identifying and segmentation of lungs and airway edges have been carried out. Lastly, by throwing away the airway, lung segmentation has been presented.
Kreitzberg Library: Temporary Open Digital Resources: Cambridge University Press (2020)

Many publishers are opening paywalls or offering extended trial access to their content to support emergency online research during the Spring 2020 semester.
Single‐Step Generation of Flexible, Free‐Standing Arrays of Multimode Cylindrical Waveguides (2019)

Polymer matrices patterned with 3‐D waveguide circuitry are critical components of flexible photonics but cannot be fabricated through conventional, linear lithographic techniques. By exploiting the spontaneous filamentation and modulation instability (MI) of a uniform optical field in a range of silicone‐acrylate‐based photopolymerizable fluids, the authors report the generation of free‐standing arrays of cylindrical, multimode waveguides with tunable flexibility in a single, room‐temperature step. A broad, incandescent beam becomes unstable and spontaneously divides into a large population (≈10 000 cm −2 ) of microscopic filaments; each filament becomes entrapped within a self‐induced cylindrical waveguide and propagates through the medium without diverging. By spatially modulating the beam, it is possible to generate cylindrical waveguide arrays with square symmetry. By controlling the extent of cross‐linking and the relative amount of silicone surfactant in the polymerized matrix, it is possible to tune the hardness of the arrays over an order of magnitude (Shore‐OO 9 ± 5 to 94 ± 2). The authors show that flexible waveguide arrays that possess relatively low values of hardness can be reversibly compressed to up to 70% of their original lattice parameter while retaining waveguiding capacity; the arrays exhibit 100% recovery after multiple cycles of compression and decompression.
Intraneural injection of interleukin-1β and tumor necrosis factor-alpha into rat sciatic nerve at physiological doses induces signs of neuropathic pain (2005)

Proinflammatory cytokines are mediators of inflammatory and neuropathic pain. Here, we investigated pain-related behavior in rats after intraneural injection of different doses of rat recombinant interleukin-1beta (rrIL-1beta) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (rrTNF) into the sciatic nerve. Doses ranged between 0.25 and 2500pg/ml for rrIL-1beta and 0.25-250pg/ml for rrTNF. Thermal hyperalgesia as measured according to the Hargreaves method was most prominent with 2.5pg/ml of rrIL-1beta or rrTNF. Mechanical allodynia as assessed using von Frey hairs was seen consistently with 2.5pg/ml of rrIL-1beta and 0.25-2.5pg/ml of rrTNF. Higher and lower doses had no significant effect on pain-related behavior. Morphometric analysis of semithin sections of the sciatic nerve 10 days after the injections revealed no significant fiber loss. The fiber size distribution was not significantly altered by any of the treatments. Particularly with injections of rrIL-1beta, an increase of epineurial macrophages was observed at all doses. The immunohistochemical expression of cellular markers of neuronal damage (activating transcription factor 3) or activation (phosphorylated p38 mitogen-activated kinase, NF-kappa B p65) in dorsal root ganglia (DRG) tended to increase with both cytokine injections. However, this did not reflect the extent of behavioral changes. In summary, we found a bell-shaped dose-response curve for the algesic effects of rrIL-1beta and rrTNF, peaking at doses equivalent to those of endogenous cytokines released locally after nerve injury. The absence of corresponding morphological changes in nerves supports the concept of a functional effect of the cytokines at these doses.
Structure–Activity Relationships That Identify Metal–Organic Framework Catalysts for Methane Activation (2019)

In this work, we leverage advances in computational screening based on periodic density functional theory (DFT) to study a diverse set of experimentally derived metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) with accessible metal sites for the oxidative activation of methane. We find that the thermodynamic favorability of forming the metal-oxo active site has a strong, inverse correlation with the reactivity toward C–H bond activation for a wide range of MOFs. This scaling relationship is found to hold over MOFs with varying coordination environments and metal compositions, provided the bonds of the framework atoms are conserved. The need to conserve bonds is an important constraint on the correlations but also demonstrates a route to intentionally break the scaling relationship to generate novel catalytic reactivity. Periodic trends are also observed across the data set of screened MOFs, with later transition metals forming less stable but more reactive metal-oxo active sites. Collectively, the results in this work provide robust rules-of-thumb for choosing MOFs to investigate for the activation of methane at moderate reaction conditions.
The PC/AT compatible computer as a mission control center display processor at Ames-Dryden Flight Research Facility (1988)

Since 1982, the Western Aeronautical Test Range of the Ames-Dryden Flight Research Facility has been separating the data acquisition and processing function required on all telemetry pulse code modulation (PCM) data and the display processing function required in the flight research mission control centers (MCCs). These two functions historically have been done on the same set of superminicomputers remote from the MCCs. Removing the display processing function from the realm of the superminis or telemetry-radar acquisition and processing system (TRAPS) and out into the MCCs will allow the research engineers the flexibility to configure their own display processing system to optimize performance during a flight research mission. Meanwhile, the TRAPS will have more time to acquire data. One of the processors chosen is an IBM PC/AT compatible rack-mounted personal computer. This class and type machine will not only allow the transfer of the display processing function into the MCCs, but also allow the research engineers a personalized set of analytic and display tools for use on their own unique sets of data.
Image Contour Fidelity Analysis of Mechanically Aided Enlargements of Jan van Eyck's Albergati Portrait (2010)

A recent revisionist theory claims that as early as 1430 European artists secretly invented optical projectors and used them as aids during the execution of their paintings. Key artworks adduced in support of this theory are a pair of portraits of Cardinal Niccolò Albergati by Jan van Eyck: a silverpoint study (1431) and a formal oil work (1432). We tested whether the use of known contemporaneous mechanical methods might explain this image evidence as well as the use of optical methods, also explaining additional physical evidence. We used traditional image processing techniques, as well as “re-enacted copies” by professional artists using mechanical methods. We found that the fidelities of these modern “re-enactments” were equal or superior to those of the van Eyck works.
An integrated organoid omics map extends modeling potential of kidney disease (2022)

Abstract Kidney organoids are a promising model to study kidney disease, but use is constrained by limited knowledge of their functional protein expression profile. We aimed to define the organoid proteome and transcriptome trajectories over culture duration and upon exposure to TNFα, a cytokine stressor. Older organoids increased deposition of extracellular matrix but decreased expression of glomerular proteins. Single cell transcriptome integration revealed that most proteome changes localized to podocytes, tubular and stromal cells. TNFα-treatment of organoids effected 320 differentially expressed proteins, including cytokines and complement components. Transcript expression of these 320 proteins was significantly higher in individuals with poorer clinical outcomes in proteinuric kidney disease. Key TNFα-associated protein (C3 and VCAM1) expression was increased in both human tubular and organoid kidney cell populations, highlighting the potential for organoids to advance biomarker development. By integrating kidney organoid omic layers, incorporating a disease-relevant cytokine stressor and comparing to human data, we provide crucial evidence of functional relevance of the kidney organoid model to human kidney disease.
The Giant Magellan Telescope laser tomography adaptive optics system (2012)

The Giant Magellan Telescope presents a unique optical design with seven 8.4 m diameter primary mirrors matched by seven adaptive secondary mirrors (ASM). The ASMs can be controlled in several dierent Adaptive Optics (AO) observing modes coupled to the telescope . One of these AO systems, the Laser Tomography Adaptive Optics (LTAO) system is currently in its preliminary design phase. The LTAO observing mode will provide a Strehl ratio in H band of at least 30% over more than 20% of the sky and an ensquared energy in K band of at least 40% in a 50 milli-arcsec spaxel over more than 50% of the sky. To achieve its performance requirements, the LTAO observing mode uses six 20W Laser Guide Stars (LGS) with six order-60x60 Shack-Hartmann wavefront sensors. The LGSs are launched from three locations at the periphery of the telescope primaries. A natural guide star (NGS) is used separately to measure tip-tilt, focus and low-bandwidth-low-order aberrations, as well as telescope segment piston. An open-loop controlled deformable mirror corrects the o-axis NGS infrared wavefront. We give an update on the design of the LTAO WFSs, the LGS facility, the on-instrument wavefront sensors and the tomography and control algorithms.
ChemInform Abstract: General and Highly Efficient Fluorinated‐N‐heterocyclic Carbene—Based Catalysts for the Palladium‐Catalyzed Suzuki—Miyaura Reaction. (2012)

Abstract This paper demonstrates that a trifluoromethylated imidazolium salt is a highly reactive and practical catalyst for Suzuki—Miyaura coupling of aryl and heteroaryl chlorides, bromides and triflates.
Macromol. Biosci. 2/2017 (2017)

Front Cover: Shape memory fibers and fibrous mats were produced for the first time by gyrating a polymer solution under pressure. The process allowed the integration of green fluorescence protein genetically engineered to carry a bioactive peptide domain into these fibers. The peptide interacted with hydroxyapatite nanoparticles added to the polymer enabling biomineralisation in the fibers. This work paves the way for manufacturing programmable shape memory products specifically tailored for desired healthcare applications. This is reported by Xiaowen Wu, Suntharavathanan Mahalingam, Sarah Kay VanOosten, Cate Wisdom, Candan Tamerler, and Mohan Edirisinghe, article number 1600270.
The design and preliminary results of a phase 1 TransCon PTH trial in healthy volunteers (2018)

Searchable abstracts of presentations at key conferences in endocrinology ISSN 1470-3947 (print) | ISSN 1479-6848 (online)
The Additive Genetic Gamma Frailty Model (1998)

In this paper the additive genetic gamma frailty model is defined. Individual frailties are correlated as a result of an additive genetic model. An algorithm to construct additive genetic gamma frailties for any pedigree is given so that the variance–covariance structure among individual frailties equals the numerator relationship matrix times a variance. The EM algorithm can be used to estimate the parameters in the model. Calculations are similar using the EM algorithm in the shared frailty model, however the E step is not correspondingly simple. This is illustrated re‐analysing data, analysed by the shared frailty model in Nielsen et al . (1992), from the Danish adoptive register. Goodness of fit of the additive genetic gamma frailty model can be tested after analysing data with the correlated frailty model. Doing so, a “defect” in the often used and otherwise well behaving likelihood was found
Insulin-induced tyrosine dephosphorylation of paxillin and focal adhesion kinase requires active phosphotyrosine phosphatase 1D (1996)

Insulin stimulation of fibroblasts rapidly induces the tyrosine dephosphorylation of proteins of 68 kDa and 125 kDa, in addition to the tyrosine phosphorylation of the insulin receptor beta-chain, insulin receptor substrates 1 and 2, and Shc. Using specific antibodies, the 68 kDa and 125 kDa proteins were identified as paxillin and focal adhesion kinase (pp125FAK) respectively. We have examined whether dephosphorylation of paxillin and pp125FAK requires interaction of the cells with the extracellular matrix. For this, cells were grown on poly(L-lysine) plates, and the tyrosine phosphorylation of pp125FAK and paxillin was increased by addition of lysophosphatidic acid. Under these conditions, insulin still induced the complete dephosphorylation of pp125FAK and paxillin, indicating that this process can occur independently of the interaction of integrins with extracellular matrix proteins. We also studied whether dephosphorylation of pp125FAK and paxillin results from the action of a phosphotyrosine phosphatase. It was found that phenylarsine oxide, a phosphotyrosine phosphatase inhibitor, prevented the insulin-induced dephosphorylation of pp125FAK and paxillin. Furthermore, this insulin-induced dephosphorylation was also impaired in cells expressing a dominant-negative mutant of phosphotyrosine phosphatase 1D (PTP 1D). Thus we have identified paxillin as a target for dephosphorylation by insulin. In addition, we have obtained evidence that the insulin-mediated dephosphorylation of paxillin and pp125FAK requires active PTP 1D.
Bacteriologic and clinical efficacy of high dose amoxicillin/clavulanate in children with acute otitis media (2001)

On the basis of bacteriologic outcome on Days 4 to 6 and clinical outcome on Days 12 to 15, we found that high dose amoxicillin/clavulanate (90/6.4 mg/kg/day) was highly efficacious in children with AOM, including those most likely to fail treatment, namely children < 24 months of age and those with infectious caused by PRSP.
Alternative Activation of Macrophages: An Immunologic Functional Perspective (2008)

Macrophages are innate immune cells with well-established roles in the primary response to pathogens, but also in tissue homeostasis, coordination of the adaptive immune response, inflammation, resolution, and repair. These cells recognize danger signals through receptors capable of inducing specialized activation programs. The classically known macrophage activation is induced by IFN-gamma, which triggers a harsh proinflammatory response that is required to kill intracellular pathogens. Macrophages also undergo alternative activation by IL-4 and IL-13, which trigger a different phenotype that is important for the immune response to parasites. Here we review the cellular sources of these cytokines, receptor signaling pathways, and induced markers and gene signatures. We draw attention to discrepancies found between mouse and human models of alternative activation. The evidence for in vivo alternative activation of macrophages is also analyzed, with nematode infection as prototypic disease. Finally, we revisit the concept of macrophage activation in the context of the immune response.
Extending the capacity of ad hoc networks beyond network coding (2007)

The protocols used in ad hoc networks today are based on the assumption that the best way to approach multiple access interference (MAI) is to avoid it. Unfortunately, as the seminal work by Gupta and Kumar has shown, this approach does not scale. We demonstrate that protocol architectures that exploit multi-packet reception (MPR) do increase the order of the transport capacity of random wireless ad hoc networks for multi-pair unicast applications by a factor of Θ(log n) and Θ(log (log n)) under the protocol and physical models, respectively, where n is the number of nodes in the network. By contrast, Liu, Goeckel, and Towsley have shown that network coding (NC) does not increase the order capacity of wireless ad hoc networks under the protocol and physical models.