gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Nicardipine prevents calcium loading and "oxygen paradox" in anoxic single rat myocytes by a mechanism independent of calcium channel blockade. (1991)

The protective effect of nicardipine (1 and 4 microM) against reoxygenation injury was studied in an unstimulated rat single myocyte oxygen paradox model in comparison with control (no drug) or nifedipine (1 microM). Either concentration of nicardipine was strongly protective, approximately doubling the duration of ATP depletion (rigor) that cells could withstand without undergoing hypercontracture when reoxygenated. Nifedipine (1 microM), which matched the negative inotropic effect of nicardipine (4 microM) (as measured by extent of shortening when stimulated), had no protective effect against reoxygenation injury. Neither drug affected the time to rigor, which is a measure of the rate at which the resting cell consumes its endogenous glycogen stores during anaerobic metabolism. Intracellular calcium, measured with the fluorescent probe indo-1, which partitions into both cytosol and mitochondria, rose progressively throughout the rigor period. This rise in calcium was almost totally suppressed by nicardipine (1 microM) but was unaffected by nifedipine. We conclude that nicardipine possesses a direct protective effect on the myocardium not shared by all dihydropyridines. This effect is associated with the prevention of intracellular, and probably mitochondrial, calcium loading but is probably not due to blockade of the L-type calcium channel or reduction of metabolic rate.
Alternative splicing of a novel diacylglycerol kinase in tomato leads to a calmodulin‐binding isoform (2000)

Calmodulin is a regulatory protein activated during Ca2+ signalling. We have isolated a cDNA, designated LeCBDGK (Lycopersicon esculentum calmodulin-binding diacylglycerol kinase) encoding a novel calmodulin-binding protein with sequence similarity to diacylglycerol kinases from animals. Diacylglycerol kinases convert diacylglycerol to phosphatidic acid. We delineated the calmodulin-binding domain to approximately 25 residues near the C-terminus of LeCBDGK. We have also isolated a second diacylglycerol kinase cDNA, designated LeDGK1, identical to LeCBDGK, except that it lacks the calmodulin-binding domain. Both recombinant LeCBDGK and LeDGK1 were catalytically active in vitro. Anti-DGK antiserum detected two immunoreactive proteins associated with microsomal and plasma membrane fractions from cell suspensions. The higher molecular weight immunoreactive protein was also present in soluble extracts and bound to calmodulin-agarose in the presence of calcium, demonstrating that native LeCBDGK is a calmodulin-binding protein. In the presence of calcium, LeCBDGK associated with membrane cell fractions in vitro, but calmodulin antagonists disrupted this association, suggesting a possible role of calcium in the recruitment of LeCBDGK from soluble to membrane cell fractions. Native LeCBDGK and calmodulin co-immunoprecipitated from tomato soluble cell extracts, suggesting their interaction in vivo. The same gene encodes both LeCBDGK and LeDGK1 and the calmodulin-binding domain of LeCBDGK is encoded by a separate exon. Thus, alternative transcript splicing leads to calmodulin-binding and non-binding forms of diacylglycerol kinases in tomato. Possible roles of LeCBDGK and LeDGK1 in calcium and lipid signalling are discussed.
Synthesis, Characterization and Reactivity Ratio Study of Poly(di(tri-n-butyltin) citraconate-co-N-vinylimidazole) (2010)

The organotin monomer di(tri-n-butyltin) citraconate (DTBTC, I) was synthesized. Subsequently this monomer was copolymerized with N-vinylimidazole (VI) using a free radical technique. The overall conversion was kept low (< or = 14% wt/wt) for all studied samples and the copolymer composition was determined from tin analysis using the Gilman and Rosenberg method. The synthesized monomer and copolymer were further characterized by elemental analysis, (1)H- and (13)C-NMR, and FTIR spectroscopy.
Performance validation of swimsuits by mechanical testing (2010)

In this paper a research project for a mechanical test procedure will be presented to detect drag reducing effects of swimsuits. With a newly developed mechanical test design nine swimsuits by six different manufactures were investigated. The mechanical test stand was assembled in a swimming channel and consists of a frame work, a model of an athlete and the force measurement device. Drag force was measured parallel to the stream and recorded at six velocity levels. The collected data and statistics showed the validity of the presented test design.
Vagal control of pancreatic β-cell proliferation (2010)

The physiological mechanisms that preserve pancreatic β-cell mass (BCM) are not fully understood. Although the regulation of islet function by the autonomic nervous system (ANS) is well established, its potential roles in BCM homeostasis and compensatory growth have not been adequately explored. The parasympathetic vagal branch of the ANS serves to facilitate gastrointestinal function, metabolism, and pancreatic islet regulation of glucose homeostasis, including insulin secretion. Given the functional importance of the vagus nerve and its branches to the liver, gut, and pancreas in control of digestion, motility, feeding behavior, and glucose metabolism, it may also play a role in BCM regulation. We have begun to examine the potential roles of the parasympathetic nervous system in short-term BCM maintenance by performing a selective bilateral celiac branch-vagus nerve transection (CVX) in normal Sprague-Dawley rats. CVX resulted in no detectable effects on basic metabolic parameters or food intake through 1 wk postsurgery. Although there were no differences in BCM or apoptosis in this 1-wk time frame, β-cell proliferation was reduced 50% in the CVX rats, correlating with a marked reduction in activated protein kinase B/Akt. Unexpectedly, acinar proliferation was increased 50% in these rats. These data suggest that the ANS, via the vagus nerve, contributes to the regulation of BCM maintenance at the level of cell proliferation and may also mediate the drive for enhanced growth under physiological conditions when insulin requirements have increased. Furthermore, the disparate effects of CVX on β-cell and acinar cells suggest that the endocrine and exocrine pancreas respond to different neural signals in regard to mass homeostasis.
Protein-imprinted polymers: How far have “plastic antibodies” come? (2023)

Antibodies are highly selective and sensitive, making them the gold standard for recognition affinity tools. However, their production cost is high and their downstream processing is time-consuming. Molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) are tailor-made by incorporating specific molecular recognition sites in their structure, thus translating into receptor-like activity mode of action. The interest in molecular imprinting technology, applied to biomacromolecules, has increased in the past decade. MIPs, produced using biomolecules as templates, commonly referred to as "plastic antibodies" or "artificial receptors", have been considered as suitable cheaper and easy to produce alternatives to antibodies. Research on MIPs, designed to recognize proteins or peptides is particularly important, with potential contributions towards biomedical applications, namely biosensors and targeted drug delivery systems. This mini review will cover recent advances on (bio)molecular imprinting technology, where proteins or peptides are targeted or mimicked for sensing and therapeutic applications. Polymerization methods are reviewed elsewhere, being out of the scope of this review. Template selection and immobilization approaches, monomers and applications will be discussed, highlighting possible drawbacks and gaps in research.
Camera motion estimation using circulant compressive sensing matrices (2013)

In this paper, we exploit the relationship between the translational image motion and the Compressive Sensing (CS) measurements in order to perform the camera motion estimation in the compressed domain. Various CS measurement matrices have been investigated, and most of them are random Gaussian/Bernoulli matrices. Data acquisition using such matrices becomes computationally expensive for real time applications. Data acquisition using circulant CS matrices can be efficiently implemented in hardware using shift registers. We propose to use a circulant CS matrix on image frames to obtain the CS measurements and then to perform motion estimation in the measurement domain. Experimental results show that our method guarantees high motion estimation accuracy with few measurements. Our proposed method finds its application in video shot segmentation and video tracking where fast camera motion estimation is needed.
Beating the thermal limit of qubit initialization with a Bayesian Maxwell's demon (2021)

Fault-tolerant quantum computing requires initializing the quantum register in a well-defined fiducial state. In solid-state systems, this is typically achieved through thermalization to a cold reservoir, such that the initialization fidelity is fundamentally limited by temperature. Here, we present a method of preparing a fiducial quantum state with a confidence beyond the thermal limit. It is based on real time monitoring of the qubit through a negative-result measurement -- the equivalent of a `Maxwell's demon' that triggers the experiment only upon the appearance of a qubit in the lowest-energy state. We experimentally apply it to initialize an electron spin qubit in silicon, achieving a ground-state initialization fidelity of 98.9(4)%, corresponding to a 20$\times$ reduction in initialization error compared to the unmonitored system. A fidelity approaching 99.9% could be achieved with realistic improvements in the bandwidth of the amplifier chain or by slowing down the rate of electron tunneling from the reservoir. We use a nuclear spin ancilla, measured in quantum nondemolition mode, to prove the value of the electron initialization fidelity far beyond the intrinsic fidelity of the electron readout. However, the method itself does not require an ancilla for its execution, saving the need for additional resources. The quantitative analysis of the initialization fidelity reveals that a simple picture of spin-dependent electron tunneling does not correctly describe the data. Our digital `Maxwell's demon' can be applied to a wide range of quantum systems, with minimal demands on control and detection hardware.
Reversal of the Charge Transfer between Host and Dopant Atoms in Semiconductor Nanocrystals (2004)

We present ab initio density functional calculations that show P (Al) dopant atoms in small hydrogen-terminated Si crystals to be negatively (positively) charged. These signs of the dopant charges are reversed relative to the same dopants in bulk Si. We find this novel reversal of the dopant charge to occur at crystal sizes on the order of 100 Si atoms and predict it to occur in nanocrystals of most semiconductors.
Effects of ego networks and communities on self-disclosure in an online social network (2019)

Understanding how much users disclose personal information in Online Social Networks (OSN) has served various scenarios such as maintaining social relationships and customer segmentation. Prior studies on self-disclosure have relied on surveys or users' direct social networks. These approaches, however, cannot represent the whole population nor consider user dynamics at the community level.
Gene expressions and activities of protein phosphatases 1 alpha, 2A and 2C in hepatocarcinogenesis and regeneration after partial hepatectomy. (1997)

The mRNA levels of protein phosphatases (PP) 1 alpha, 2A, and 2C were determined both in hepatocarcinogenesis and in liver regeneration. In the precancerous stage and during regeneration, the mRNA levels of PP1 alpha, PP2A, and PP2C were markedly increased compared with those in normal livers. In primary hepatomas, all three of these mRNA levels were decreased to the control levels. In poorly differentiated hepatomas, however, only PP1 alpha mRNA was specifically increased, in contrast to PP2A and PP2C, which were at the control levels or below. While PP1 activity in the non-nuclear fraction of partially hepatectomized livers was nearly constant, the activity in nuclei was increased about 2.5-fold over control levels at 12 h after partial hepatectomy, the time that corresponds to the G1 to S transition in the cell cycle of hepatocytes. On the other hand, PP2A activity in both fractions was nearly constant throughout. These results appear to suggest some involvement of protein phosphatases in regulation of hepatocyte proliferation.
Cervical myelopathy: MRI evaluation of cord compression. (1990)

In order to assess the consequences of cervical spinal cord compression in cervical myelopathy, MRI measurements of the sagittal diameter of the cervical spinal cord were obtained in 50 normal volunteers and 50 patients suffering from cervical myelopathy. Whatever the degree of stenosis, the values obtained in the latter group are significantly inferior to those of the normal control group (average mean diameter: normal group: 8.2 mm; cervical myelopathy: 6.2 mm).
Differential mode attenuation measurements in graded-index fibers (1978)

An automated apparatus is described for measuring mode-dependent scattering and total attenuation in graded-index waveguides. Measurements are reported for two low-loss waveguides and several high-loss waveguides. The results illustrate the ability of this technique to identify different types of loss mechanisms.
Stabilizing Zinc Electrodeposition in a Battery Anode by Controlling Crystal Growth (2021)

Reversible electrodeposition of metals at liquid-solid interfaces is a requirement for long cycle life in rechargeable batteries that utilize metals as anodes. The process has been studied extensively from the perspective of the electrochemical transformations that impact reversibility, however, the fundamental challenges associated with maintaining morphological control when a intrinsically crystalline solid metal phase emerges from an electrolyte solution have been less studied, but provide important opportunities for progress. A crystal growth stabilization method to reshape the initial growth and orientation of crystalline metal electrodeposits is proposed here. The method takes advantage of polymer-salt complexes (PEG-Zn<sup>2+</sup> -aX<sup>-</sup> ) (a = 1,2,3) formed spontaneously in aqueous electrolytes containing zinc (Zn<sup>2+</sup> ) and halide (X<sup>-</sup> ) ions to regulate electro-crystallization of Zn. It is shown that when X = Iodine (I), the complexes facilitate electrodeposition of Zn in a hexagonal closest packed morphology with preferential orientation of the (002) plane parallel to the electrode surface. This facilitates exceptional morphological control of Zn electrodeposition at planar substrates and leads to high anode reversibility and unprecedented cycle life. Preliminary studies of the practical benefits of the approach are demonstrated in Zn-I2 full battery cells, designed in both coin cell and single-flow battery cell configurations.
Self-repair of ordered pattern of nanometer dimensions based on self-compensation properties of anodic porous alumina (2001)

The self-repair of an ordered pattern of nanometer dimensions based on the self-compensation properties of anodic porous alumina is demonstrated. In a pretextured pattern formed on Al using the nanoindentation process with an array of convexes, the deficiency sites of the pattern were found to be compensated automatically during the anodization. Combining the self-compensation properties of the pore configuration of the anodic porous alumina with the preparation of a replica of the compensated porous structure allowed us to develop a process which has the capability of self-repairing the imperfections in the starting pattern. It was confirmed that deficiencies in the starting pattern could be repaired automatically in the Ni pattern regenerated using the self-compensated anodic porous alumina as a template.
A Unified Coding Framework for Distributed Computing with Straggling Servers (2016)

We propose a unified coded framework for distributed computing with straggling servers, by introducing a tradeoff between "latency of computation" and "load of communication" for some linear computation tasks. We show that the coded scheme of [1]-[3] that repeats the intermediate computations to create coded multicasting opportunities to reduce communication load, and the coded scheme of [4], [5] that generates redundant intermediate computations to combat against straggling servers can be viewed as special instances of the proposed framework, by considering two extremes of this tradeoff: minimizing either the load of communication or the latency of computation individually. Furthermore, the latency-load tradeoff achieved by the proposed coded framework allows to systematically operate at any point on that tradeoff to perform distributed computing tasks. We also prove an information-theoretic lower bound on the latency-load tradeoff, which is shown to be within a constant multiplicative gap from the achieved tradeoff at the two end points.
Steady-state analysis of hysteretic magnetic field problems using parallel TP-EEC method (2016)

This paper investigates a novel approach for obtaining steady-state solutions in time-periodic magnetic field analyses considering hysteretic property. First, we extract poorly converged error component in transient calculations using the parallel TP-EEC method. Then, tentative steady-state solutions are obtained in each element by the correction of the extracted error components. Based on the time-series data of flux density vectors, magnetization history in each element is also corrected. Numerical results that demonstrate the effectiveness of the developed approach are presented.
Querying Medical Datasets While Preserving Privacy (2016)

This paper addresses the challenge of identifying clinically-relevant patterns in medical datasets without endangering patient privacy. To this end, we treat medical datasets as black box for both internal and external users of the data enabling a remote query mechanism to construct and execute database queries. The novelty of the approach lies in avoiding the complex data de-identification process which is often used to preserve patient privacy. The implemented toolkit combines software engineering technologies such as Java EE and RESTful web services, to allow exchanging medical data in an unidentifiable XML format along with restricting users to the need-to-know privacy principle. Consequently, the technique inhibits retrospective processing of data, such as attacks by an adversary on a medical dataset using advanced computational methods to reveal Protected Health Information (PHI). The approach is validated on an endoscopic reporting application based on openEHR and MST standards. The proposed approach is largely motivated by the issues related to querying datasets by clinical researchers, governmental or non-governmental organizations in monitoring health care services to improve quality of care.
When Things Go From Bad to Worse: The Impact of Relative Contextual Extremity on Benjamin Montgomery’s Positive Leadership and Psychological Capital (2018)

Drawing from positive organizational behavior, psychological capital has been shown to be a beneficial resource allowing leaders to remain positive and future-oriented. While having hope, optimism, confidence, and resilience are particularly effective in periods of great risk and uncertainty, extreme environments likely affect leaders’ psychological capital, as evidenced by changes to these comprising factors. Answering several recent calls for historical and narrative-based approaches to leadership in extreme events, we use content analysis and historiometrics in the case of Benjamin Montgomery, the first African American plantation owner in the post–Civil War U.S. South, who faced a sequence of extreme events after purchasing the plantation on which he was formerly a slave. We triangulate our examination through the letters Montgomery penned to his former owner Joseph Davis—the older brother of Confederacy President Jefferson Davis, records on the focal actors, and historical documents from the period. We then reconstruct and examine the relative contextual severity and its impact on Montgomery’s psychological capital across a 6-year period directly following the Civil War (1865-1870). We find that while unfamiliar extreme episodes erode leader psychological capital, those resources are restored when such periods are overcome and experience is gained. We also reconsider psychological capital as a profile multidimensional construct and show underlying pairs of dimensions, which we label as overt positivity (optimism and resilience) and realistic positivity (hope and confidence), trend similarly yet remain distinct from the other pair. The implications of these findings and future directions are then discussed.
Nuclear Localization and DNA Binding Properties of a Protein Expressed by Human c- myc Oncogene (1984)

Antisera to the human cellular myc oncogene product were used to identify a human c-myc specific protein with a molecular weight of 65,000. Subcellular fractionation showed that the human c-myc protein is predominantly found in the cell nucleus. The p65Kc-myc protein binds to double- and single-stranded DNA as measured by a DNA affinity chromatography assay.
Cognitive Workload Detection from Raw EEG-Signals of Vehicle Driver using Deep Learning (2019)

Electroencephalography (EEG) signals have been proven to be effective in evaluating human's cognitive state under specific tasks. Conventional classification models utilized for EEG classification heavily rely on signal pre-processing and hand-designed features. In this paper, we propose an end-to-end deep neural network which is capable of classifying multiple types of cognitive workload of a vehicle driver and the context of driving using only raw EEG signals as its input without any pre-processing nor the need for conventional hand-designed features. Data used in this study are collected throughout multiple driving sessions conducted on a high-fidelity driving simulator. Experimental results conducted on 4 channels of raw EEG data show that the proposed model is capable of accurately detecting the cognitive workload of a driver and the context of driving.
Different spin axis orientation and large antiferromagnetic domains in Fe-doped NiO/Ru(0001) epitaxial films (2020)

We present a spatially resolved X-ray magnetic dichroism study of high-quality, in situ grown nickel oxide films. NiO thin films were deposited on a Ru(0001) substrate by high temperature oxygen-assisted molecular beam epitaxy. We found that by adding a small amount of Fe, the growth mode can be modified in order to promote the formation of micron-sized, triangular islands. The morphology, shape, crystal structure and composition are determined by low-energy electron microscopy and diffraction, and synchrotron based X-ray absorption spectromicroscopy. The element specific XMLD measurements reveal strong antiferromagnetic contrast at room temperature and domains with up to micron sizes, reflecting the high structural quality of the islands. By means of vectorial magnetometry, the spin axis orientation was determined with nanometer spatial resolution, and found to depend on the relative orientation of the film and substrate lattices.