gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Serum proteins and lymphoid tissues in germ-free mice fed a chemically defined, water soluble, low molecular weight diet. (1970)

Germ-free CFW mice reared on practical type steam sterilized solid diets showed lower than conventional levels of all serum immunoglobulins. Reared on water soluble, low molecular weight, chemically defined diets which had been sterilized by filtration, young adult germ-free mice demonstrated almost total absence of immune globulins. However, in older animals reared on this diet, a gradual increase with age, notably of IgG, became apparent. Total white blood cell count and differential counts were only slightly and not significantly lower in germ-free mice fed solid diet than in their conventional controls. Germ-free mice fed the water soluble diet, on the other hand, showed substantially lower white cell counts than the animals reared on solid diet. It is concluded that steam sterilized solid diet constitutes a major source of uncontrolled exogenous stimulation of the lymphoid tissues.
Contribution à l'optimisation de la forme aérodynamique d'un avion de transport supersonique en vue de la réduction du bang sonique (2004)

Le travail de these presente est centre autour du developpement d'une boucle d'optimisation de forme aerodynamique supersonique basee sur un algorithme genetique avec comme objectif la determination d'une forme optimisee sous contrainte de bang sonique. La contribution au developpement de la boucle intervient a trois niveaux du cycle de calcul. La premiere partie concerne l'amelioration des performances de l'outil de calcul aerodynamique TORPEDO. Pour cela, des methodes visant a augmenter la robustesse ainsi que la capacite a capturer des chocs est affinee y sont implementees. Le deuxieme axe de l'etude est le developpement et l'implementation d'un module de calcul de bang sonique afin qu'il constitue un critere d'optimisation de forme. Dans un dernier temps, les travaux precedents sont regroupes dans la boucle d'optimisation ainsi que l'algorithme genetique GADO auquel elle fait appel. La parametrisation des elements geometriques definissant les elements de la population etudiee s'appuie sur les contraintes relatives a la physique des phenomenes, et notamment celle du bang sonique. Enfin, la boucle est utilisee pour determiner une forme optimale pour differents cas de contraintes.
Formation of amorphous calcium carbonate and its transformation into mesostructured calcite (2014)

Amorphous calcium carbonate (ACC) is a key precursor of crystalline CaCO3 biominerals and biomimetic materials. Despite recent extensive research, its formation and amorphous-to-crystalline transformation are not, however, fully understood. Here we show that hydrated ACC nanoparticles form after spinodal liquid–liquid phase separation and transform via dissolution/(re)precipitation into poorly hydrated and anhydrous ACC nanoparticles that aggregate, forming a range of 1D, 2D and 3D structures. The formation of these structures appears to be achieved by oriented attachment (OA), facilitated by the calcite medium-range order of ACC nanoparticles. Both electron irradiation processes in the TEM and under humid air exposure at room temperature of the latter ACC structures result in pseudomorphs of single crystalline mesostructured calcite. While the high-vacuum/e-beam heating leads to solid-state transformation, the transformation in air occurs via an interface-coupled dissolution/precipitation mechanism. Our results differ significantly from the currently accepted model, which considers that the low T ACC-to-calcite transformation in air and during biomineralization is a solid-state process. These results may help to better understand how calcite biominerals form after ACC and offer the possibility of biomimetically preparing single crystalline calcite structures after ACC by tuning pH2O at room temperature.
Grepafloxacin in Patients with Acute Bacterial Exacerbations of Chronic Bronchitis ‐ a Question of Speed in Bacterial Killing (1998)

OBJECTIVE: To characterize the population pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of oral grepafloxacin in patients with acute bacterial exacerbations of chronic bronchitis (ABECB), with particular attention to the speed of bacterial killing. This was possible because the study design incorporated daily cultures of the patients’ sputum. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The study group included 76 patients (43 male, 33 female) between 23 and 81 years of age who were part of a multicentre, randomized, double‐blind, dose‐response study. Patients were randomly assigned to receive oral regimens of grepafloxacin ‐ 200, 400 or 600 mg ‐ each administered once daily for 14 days. Daily cultures and quantitative Gram stains from serial 24 h collections of sputum were used to determine the days to eradication of each strain of bacteria. Grepafloxacin plasma concentration profiles were best fit by a pharmacokinetic model with first order absorption following a lag time between administration of the dose and onset of systemic absorption. Pharmacodynamic analysis was performed for three measures of antibacterial response: probability of bacteriological cure and probability of clinical cure, and time to eradication. RESULTS: All three measures of response were strongly related to the 24 h area under the inhibitory curve (AUIC) (area under the curve/minimum inhibitory concentration). At an AUIC below of 75/serum inhibiting titre (SIT) x 24 h, the percentage probability of clinical cure was 71 %; at an AUIC between 75 and 175, it was 80% (P&lt;0.05); and, at an AUTC above 175, it was 98% (P&lt;0.01). CONCLUSION: The speed of bacterial killing for grepafloxacin in ABECB patients was highly related to AUIC; values below 75 appear inadequate, and values greater than 175 were optimal.
An Improved Correction Method for Reducing Off-Focal Artifacts in CT Imaging (2005)

This paper presents a new method to reduce halo artifacts in Computed Tomography (CT) images, which blur the image edges and descend the image quality. Off-focal radiation is main ill factor leading to these halo artifacts. To reduce the off-focal effects, we adopt a pre-processing method to filter the sampling data directly before reconstruction, instead of post-processing method such as edge enhancing on the reconstructed images. Different from the prior pre-processing method, we also present a new and more practical method to obtain convolution kernel and a simpler formula in this paper. Results show that after calibration by the new practical method, the off-focal radiation effects were reduced efficiently, the edges were enhanced and the image quality was improved without increasing noise.
Can Islet Cell Antibodies Predict IDDM in the General Population? (1993)

ICAs are unexpectedly prevalent in English schoolchildren, but only a small minority, with this evidence of immune activation directed against islet cells, will progress to diabetes. Although ICAs alone have limited predictive value in the general population, combining two or more predictive tests in series could achieve a level of prediction equivalent to that now obtained in first-degree relatives.
A computational streak mode cytometry biosensor for rare cell analysis (2017)

Streak mode imaging flow cytometry for rare cell detection involves imaging moving fluorescently labeled cells in the video mode with a CCD camera. The path of the moving cells results in a "streak", whose length is proportional to the exposure time. The dynamic imaging conditions introduce detection challenges (e.g., images with high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) backgrounds), especially for enumerating cells using low resolution webcams or smartphone cameras suitable for point of care testing (POCT). To overcome the imaging challenges, a new approach called a "computational biosensor" was developed. It involves combining biosensing hardware with computational algorithms to "computationally transduce" measureable signals from events captured by the hardware. The computational biosensor quantifies potential cells based on the streak intensity, length and relative location of the streaks in consecutive frames. Cell identification consists of three parts: (1) finding streaks, (2) identifying candidate cells, and (3) filtering out spurious cells to identify true cells. Samples of 1 cell per mL were analyzed in batch sizes of 30 mL at flow rates of 10 mL min<sup>-1</sup> and imaged at 4 frames per second (fps). The detected cells were annotated, and the SNR was calculated. For images with SNR greater than 4.4 dB, the total detected cells (TD) compared with ground truth (GT) are 98%, while 66% were detected for low SNR. For true positive cells detected compared with ground truth (TP/GT), 91% were detected for high SNR. This demonstrated the new analytical capabilities of the computational biosensor to enumerate rare cells in large volumes not possible with current technologies.
The Integrated Stress Response in Memory and Cognitive Disorders (2020)

Abstract The integrated stress response (ISR) is an evolutionarily conserved intracellular signaling network that responds to proteostasis defects and stress conditions by tuning protein synthesis rates. While it has been long recognized that long-term memory formation requires new protein synthesis, our understanding of the central translational control mechanisms that regulate memory formation has advanced vastly. Indeed, novel causal and convergent evidence across different species and model systems shows that the ISR serves as a universal regulator of long-term memory formation. This chapter discusses the evidence explaining how inhibition of the ISR enhances long-term memory formation while activation of the ISR prevents it. In addition, it highlights the role of the ISR in different forms of long-lasting synaptic plasticity in the brain. Finally, the chapter addresses how dysregulated ISR signaling contributes to the pathogenesis of a wide range of cognitive and neurodegenerative disorders and discusses the future prospects for therapeutically targeting the ISR for the treatment of cognitive disorders.
Numerical simulation of asymmetrical flow and heat transfer behind a hill in shear flows (2008)

Abstract Three‐dimensional numerical simulations of asymmetrical flows and heat transfer around a hill in shear flows were performed. When shear velocity distributions are introduced at the inlet, a vortex pair is formed asymmetrically to the spanwise direction behind the hill. Further, an asymmetrical hairpin vortex is periodically generated downstream. The leg of the asymmetrical hairpin vortex on the high‐speed side collapses first. Further downstream, the asymmetrical hairpin vortex breaks down earlier than the symmetrical hairpin vortex, and streamwise vortices appear on the high‐speed side. These streamwise vortices increase the heat transfer downstream. In contrast, no hairpin vortex appears in the case of a strong shear velocity distribution, but instead a streamwise vortex appears. The heat transfer decreases downstream since the turbulence generated by streamwise vortices is weak. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heat Trans Asian Res; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience.wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/htj.20223
A map reduce framework for programming graphics processors (2010)

Recent developments in programmable, highly parallel Graphics Processing Units (GPUs) have enabled high performance general purpose computation. We describe a framework designed for high performance GPU programming, built on Nvidia’s Compute Unified Device Architecture (CUDA) platform. The framework is built around the Map Reduce abstraction, which allows application developers to focus on their application, while enabling high performance GPU implementation. We show the utility of our framework by implementing Support Vector Machine training as well as classification, achieving speedups of up to 32 × and 150 × respectively over commonly used SVM software running on a CPU. 1.
Investigating motor adaptation to stable and unstable tasks using haptic interfaces, EMG and fMRI (2003)

Our talk describes our general project, i.e. how we investigate the adaptation to stable and unstable tasks using EMG, fMRI and haptic interfaces. This short paper focuses on a spin-off. It describes a simple computational model of force and impedance in human arm movements, which can be used to simulate human motion and to improve the control of human-machine interfaces. This model, based on recent physiological findings, assumes that a) the central nervous system learns the force and impedance to perform the task successfully in a given stable or unstable dynamic environment; b) for stable interaction, stiffness is linearly related to the magnitude of the joint torque. Comparison with existing data shows that this simple model is able to predict impedance geometry well.
Convolutional Color Constancy (2015)

Color constancy is the problem of inferring the color of the light that illuminated a scene, usually so that the illumination color can be removed. Because this problem is underconstrained, it is often solved by modeling the statistical regularities of the colors of natural objects and illumination. In contrast, in this paper we reformulate the problem of color constancy as a 2D spatial localization task in a log-chrominance space, thereby allowing us to apply techniques from object detection and structured prediction to the color constancy problem. By directly learning how to discriminate between correctly white-balanced images and poorly white-balanced images, our model is able to improve performance on standard benchmarks by nearly 40%.
Syntheses and Transformations of α-Amino Acids via Palladium-Catalyzed Auxiliary-Directed sp3 C–H Functionalization (2016)

α-Amino acids (αAA) are one of the most useful chiral building blocks for synthesis. There are numerous general strategies that have commonly been used for αAA synthesis, many of which employ de novo synthesis focused on enantioselective bond construction around the Cα center and others that consider conversion of existing αAA precursors carrying suitable functional groups on side chains (e.g., serine and aspartic acid). Despite significant advances in synthetic methodology, the efficient synthesis of enantiopure αAAs carrying complex side chains, as seen in numerous peptide natural products, remains challenging. Complementary to these "conventional" strategies, a strategy based on the selective functionalization of side chain C-H bonds, particularly sp(3) hybridized C-H bonds, of various readily available αAA precursors may provide a more straightforward and broadly applicable means for the synthesis and transformation of αAAs. However, many hurdles related to the low reactivity of C(sp(3))-H bonds and the difficulty of controlling selectivity must be overcome to realize the potential of C-H functionalization chemistry in this synthetic application. Over the past few years, we have carried out a systematic investigation of palladium-catalyzed bidentate auxiliary-directed C-H functionalization reactions for αAA substrates. Our strategies utilize two different types of amide-linked auxiliary groups, attached at the N or C terminus of αAA substrates, to exert complementary regio- and stereocontrol on C-H functionalization reactions through palladacycle intermediates. A variety of αAA precursors can undergo multiple modes of C(sp(3))-H functionalization, including arylation, alkenylation, alkynylation, alkylation, alkoxylation, and intramolecular aminations, at the β, γ, and even δ positions to form new αAA products with diverse structures. In addition to transforming αAAs at previously unreachable positions, these palladium-catalyzed C-H functionalization strategies enable new retrosynthetic logic for the synthesis of many basic αAAs from a common alanine precursor. This approach reduces the synthetic difficulty for many αAAs by bypassing the requirement for stereocontrol at Cα and relies on straightforward and convergent single-bond coupling transformations at the β-methyl position of alanine to access a wide range of β-monosubstituted αAAs. Moreover, these β-monosubstituted αAAs can undergo further C-H functionalization at the β-methylene position to generate various β-branched αAAs in a stereoselective and programmable fashion. These new strategies offer readily applicable methods for synthesis of challenging αAAs and may facilitate the efficient total synthesis of complex peptide natural products.
Photoacoustic imaging with deconvolution algorithm (2004)

The impulse response of the ultrasonic transducer used for detection is crucial for photoacoustic imaging with high resolution. We demonstrate a reconstruction method that allows the optical absorption distribution of a sample to be reconstructed without knowing the impulse response of the ultrasonic transducer. A convolution relationship between photoacoustic signals measured by an ultrasound transducer and optical absorption distribution is developed. Based on this theory, the projection of the optical absorption distribution of a sample can be obtained directly by deconvolving the recorded PA signal originating from a point source out of that from the sample. And a modified filtered back projection algorithm is used to reconstruct the optical absorption distribution. We constructed a photoacoustic imaging system to validate the reconstruction method and the experimental results demonstrated that the reconstructed images agreed well with the original phantom samples. The spatial resolution of the system reaches 0.3 mm.
The Journal Impact Factor Should Not Be Discarded (2016)

The Journal Impact Factor (JIF) has been heavily criticized over decades. This opinion piece argues that the JIF should not be demonized. It still can be employed for research evaluation purposes by carefully considering the context and academic environment.
Lymphatic clearance of synovial fluid in conscious pigs: the aminoterminal propeptide of type III procollagen (1993)

The aminoterminal propeptide of type III procollagen (PIIINP) in serum is employed as a direct marker of fibrillogenesis. The balance between local fibrillogenesis and serum PIIINP is governed by the transport and possible degradation en route from tissue to circulation. In conscious pigs, we investigated the transport of PIIINP from the knee cavity into the circulation after intra-articular injection of radiolabelled PIIINP followed by sequential sampling of thoracic duct lymph, serum and urine. Clearance from the joint space was evaluated by external detection of 131I-HSA, used as co-tracer. Lymph samples were gel filtrated to assess possible lymphatic degradation of the intact PIIINP. 125I-PIIINP and 131I-HSA were found in thoracic duct lymph within 20 min of the intra-articular injection. Both isotopes had a biphasic appearance, with the first peak after 60 min and a larger peak after 150 min. During the 6 h observational period 18% of the injected PIIINP was found in the lymph. Gel chromatography of lymph showed the fast formation of a small fraction with a lower MW than that of PIIINP, which suggests that some degradation of PIIINP may occur through the lymphatics. The half-life of the joint clearance of HSA by bulk flow was assessed to be 8.3 h. The clearance of PIIINP from the joint was estimated to be equal to that of HSA, which indicates that PIIINP leaves the joint space by bulk flow as has been proposed for HSA.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Novel configuration for low-noise and wide-dynamic-range Er-doped fiber amplifier for WDM systems (1995)

Recently, wavelength division multiplexed (WDM) optical transmission systems have become more attractive for use in multi-media networking systems. In a WDM system, Er-doped fiber amplifiers (EDFAs) are expected to play an important role as multi-wavelength amplifier repeaters. The broadening of gain bandwidth and the maintaining of gain flatness are issues which have been discussed [1–3]. The effectiveness of an aluminosilicate EDF and an automatic gain control (AGC) scheme have been reported for the requirements mentioned above [4–7]. However, there are still some vital requirements for practical EDFA repeaters as follows. The output power level of each channel should be kept in a range determined by ASE accumulation and nonlinear effects such as self-phase modulation (SPM) and four wave mixing (FWM). The noise figure must be kept low. An efficient conversion of pump power to signal power is desired, because the allowable pump power for an EDFA repeater is limited when employing the above-mentioned AGC scheme. Another requirement is a wide input power dynamic range.
Computing Local Thickness of 3D Structures with ImageJ (2007)

Journal Article Computing Local Thickness of 3D Structures with ImageJ Get access R Dougherty, R Dougherty OptiNav,Inc Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar K-H Kunzelmann K-H Kunzelmann Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitat-Munchen,Germany Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Microscopy and Microanalysis, Volume 13, Issue S02, 1 August 2007, Pages 1678–1679, https://doi.org/10.1017/S1431927607074430 Published: 05 August 2007
THERMODYNAMIC ANALYSIS OF THE CHEMICAL VAPOR DEPOSITION OF HfB2+SIC OXIDATION RESISTANT COMPOSITE COATINGS (1991)

Abstract Chemical vapor deposition of the composite system of HfB 2+SiC is studied by computer minimization of the total free energy of the system. Methodology for calculating enthalpy and entropy values for some of the species is presented. Effect of temperature, pressure, and hydrogen concentration on the predicted phase fields is presented. The calculations predict reagent concentrations which can be used to deposit this promising oxidation protection composite material.
Synthesis of Patchouli Alcohol (1962)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis of Patchouli AlcoholG. Buchi and William D. MacleodCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1962, 84, 16, 3205–3206Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1962Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1962https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00875a047https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00875a047research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views831Altmetric-Citations44LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts