gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Theoch1Mutant ofSchizosaccharomyces pombeProduces Galactosylated Core Structures ofN-Linked Oligosaccharides (2009)

Unlike the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe synthesizes large outer chains on the N-linked oligosaccharides that consist mainly of D-Gal and D-Man residues. The fission yeast och1(+) gene product has alpha1,6-mannosyltransferase activity, and Och1p is the key enzyme in the initiation of outer chain elongation. Although the in vitro substrate specificity of S. pombe Och1p has been reported (Yoko-o et al., FEBS Lett., 489, 75-80 (2001)), the structure of the N-linked oligosaccharides of och1Delta cells has not been investigated. In this study, we report a structural analysis of S. pombe N-linked oligosaccharides. Lectin blot analysis indicated that galactose residues were attached to the cell surface glycoproteins of the och1Delta cells. We conducted a structural analysis of pyridylaminated N-linked oligosaccharides prepared from galactomannoproteins by HPLC and (1)H NMR. These analyses revealed that the N-linked oligosaccharides of the och1Delta cells displayed heterogeneity in the glycan consisting of Hex(11-15)GlcNAc(2). The structural heterogeneity arose mainly from the addition of alpha1,2- and alpha1,3-Gal residues to the Man(9)GlcNAc(2) core structure.
ADRENOCORTICOTROPIN 52*. Synthesis and Biological Activity of Adrenocorticotropic Peptides with Cystine Bridges (1979)

Three analogs of the amino terminal nonadecopeptide of adrenocorticotropin which incorporate cystine cystine bridges between positions (5, 10), (3, 10), or (2, 10) have been synthesized. All of the peptide analogs showed reduced biological activity; however, the peptide with the 5, 10 cystine bridge was shown to possess significantly higher lipolytic activity in rat fat cells than the peptides with a 3, 10 or 2, 10 cystine bridge.
Asthma and Rhinitis Related to Laboratory Rats: Use of a Purified Rat Urinary Allergen to Study Exposure in Laboratories and the Human Immune Response (1987)

Using the major rat allergen as a model has made it possible to study both natural exposure and the human immune response to an important laboratory animal. The close correlation between positive skin tests to whole rat urine and IgE antibody to the major urinary allergen in this and previous studies supports the use of this protein as a model rat allergen. Measurements of airborne rat allergen confirm that the maximum levels are higher than those reported with pollen or mite allergens. However, it is possible that exposure to rat allergens is comparable to levels of exposure to cat salivary allergens in houses with cats. The clear implication is that the high levels of exposure are responsible for the fact that a large proportion of exposed individuals develop IgG antibodies. Our results suggest that the prevalence of IgG antibodies (not individual levels) in a group of workers would be a good guide to exposure. This leaves unresolved why some of the individuals who develop IgG ab also develop IgE ab and become at risk for developing asthmatic responses. Only part of this risk is related to atopy. A striking feature of all the studies on animal allergy is the close association between IgE ab and asthma. It appears clear that it is those immune responses that include IgE ab that are a risk factor for asthma. It is not sensible for anyone to remain consistently sick with asthma and continue working with laboratory animals because there are well documented examples of occupational asthma that has not resolved after ceasing exposure.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
High Pulse-Wave Velocity Defines a Very High Cardiovascular Risk Cohort of Dialysis Patients under Age 60 (2016)

A PWV >12 m/s provides important prognostic information in ESRD patients under 60 years of age, whereas in older patients, its prognostic relevance is lost. These findings are of critical relevance for early intervention guidance and trial end-point/treatment effect interpretation.
Maternal and Other Factors of Cryptorchidism. A Case-control Study in Japan. (1992)

A case-control study of cryptorchidism was undertaken in Japan. A hundred and eight mothers of children with cryptorchidism and mothers of their matched controls were surveyed. After 4 pairs which consisted of one of twin siblings either in the cases or the controls were excluded, 104 paired data of singletons were analyzed. As a result, a significantly smaller proportion of the case mothers had suffered from vomiting during the index pregnancy than that of the control mothers (odds ratio, or OR = 0.50, 95% confidence interval, or CI 0.28-0.89). A significantly larger proportion of the case mothers had delivered the index child by vacuum or breech extraction, or Caesarean section than that of the control mothers (OR = 2.09, 95% CI 1.01-3.98). A significantly larger proportion of the case mothers had never breast-fed the index child than that of the control mothers (OR = 3.50, 95% CI 1.20-10.21). Significantly larger proportions of the cases had inguinal hernia (OR = 9.00, 95% CI 1.29-62.97), or congenital cardiac diseases (OR = 8/0, p < 0.05) than those of the controls. It was inferred that endogenous hormonal milieu of a mother, rather than exogenous hormones, might be associated with the occurrence of cryptorchidism.
Synthesis of the Complete Carbocyclic Skeleton of Vinigrol (2003)

[reaction: see text] An efficient entry to the fully elaborated skeleton of vinigrol is described. The installation of the desired stereochemistry at C(12) and the construction of the eight-membered ring were achieved in one operation by a remarkably facile anionic oxy-Cope rearrangement of Z-isopropenyl isomer 24.
The substrate specificity of bovine and feline lysosomal alpha-D-mannosidases in relation to alpha-mannosidosis. (1991)

Lysosomal alpha-mannosidases were partially purified from bovine and feline liver and employed to digest a large number of oligosaccharides with structures corresponding to the oligomannosyl parts of complex, hybrid, and high-mannose glycans. The incubation products were identified by high pressure liquid chromatography with reference compounds of defined structure and by acetolysis. For all classes of substrates, the lysosomal alpha-mannosidases displayed a high degree of in vitro specificity with regard to the hydrolysis of mannose residues. Thus, in each case, 1 or at most 2 residues were always preferentially cleaved so that the degradative process proceeded down a well defined pathway. A comparison of the relative efficiency with which lysosomal alpha-mannosidases catalyzed the hydrolysis of particular oligosaccharides and of the structures of the resulting intermediates with those of the compounds accumulated in alpha-mannosidosis allows conclusions to be drawn regarding the nature of the enzymatic defect. In bovine alpha-mannosidosis, the oligosaccharides are those expected for a partial deficiency of normal lysosomal alpha-mannosidase, so that they correspond to intermediates in the normal catabolic pathway. In feline alpha-mannosidosis, in which the alpha-mannosidase deficiency is more severe than in cattle, the accumulated oligosaccharides primarily represent intact oligomannosyl moieties of N-linked glycans rather than the products of residual alpha-mannosidase activity.
ChemInform Abstract: The Ring Opening of Cyclopentene Oxides by Pyrimidines and Purines as a Pathway to Carbocyclic Nucleoside Analogues. (1997)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Temperature-Compensated BaTi/sub 4/O/sub 9/ Microstrip Delay Line (2005)

A temperature-stable 16-ns delay element operating at 14 GHz has been developed using barium tetratitanate (BaTi/sub 4/O/sub 9/) ceramic microstrip lines with a short sapphire (single crystal Al/sub 2/O/sub 3/) microstrip section for temperature compensation. The measured transmission phase temperature coefficient of the delay element is +0.6 (/spl plusmn/0.3) ppm//spl deg/C over the temperature range of 23/spl deg/C /spl plusmn/ 30/spl deg/C.
Prediction Of Service Life Of Reinforced Concrete By Considering The Initiation And The Propagation Periods (2015)

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AutoGlobe: Automatische Administration von dienstbasierten Datenbankanwendungen (2005)

Simulation of surface electromyogram (EMG) has provided support for the development and testing of algorithms (e.g., for the extraction of amplitude or spectral properties of the EMG or for the estimation of the muscle fiber conduction velocity) and for the interpretation of experimental results. This is the second part of a pair of papers: the first explains the methods for the development of structure based models of surface EMG; this one provides a summary of interesting applications for the interpretation of signals and testing of algorithms. Simulations from some models already introduced in the literature are compared. Moreover, estimation of indexes from an innovative layered volume conductor including a subcutaneous tissue with variable thickness in space is studied.
<title>Development of eco-sensor for the continuous monitoring of environmental volatile organic chlorinated compounds</title> (2002)

In recent years, we have developed an advanced environmental monitoring system (AEMS) containing the eco-sensor, which means a sensor for the measurement of environmental pollutants, based on lipid membranes for continuous monitoring of underground water in industry areas such as semiconductor factories. The AEMS project is composed of three work packages followed by 1)Eco-sensor, 2)Prediction of plume propagation using a computer simulation technique, and 3)Environmental protection method. In this presentation, we would like to focus on the study of the eco-sensor. The reason why lipid membranes selected as a sensing element for environmental pollutants is that the pollutants should be interacted with cell membranes because cells are surrounded by cell membranes containing lipid components. Improving the applicability and the responsibility of bilayer lipid membranes (BLMs) in the eco-sensor, we have investigated the automatic BLMs preparation device. An automatic BLMs preparation was remarkably improved. The sensitivity to volatile organic chlorinated compounds such as cis-1,2-dichloroethylene was in the order of 10ppb using the monoolein BLMs even in real underground water. We also have been developing a smaller sized eco-sensor for the practical use.
Interpretation of the spectra observed during oxidation of p-hydroxybenzoate hydroxylase reconstituted with modified flavins (1991)

Oxidation of reduced p-hydroxybenzoate hydroxylase by oxygen in the presence of 2,4-dihydroxybenzoate and azide proceeds via three well established intermediates. Reconstitution of the apoprotein with either 8-thiophenyl-FAD, 8-fluoro-FAD, 8-chloro-FAD, or 8-sulfonyl-FAD does not alter this sequence of events. However, the peak positions of the intermediate spectra are somewhat shifted relative to those of native enzyme. Comparison of the spectra for intermediates II and III leads to the conclusion that the spectrum for intermediate II is a composite. One component is the spectrum of an intermediate III-like species, and the other appears to be related to the substrate. The substrate component is pH-dependent, having an absorbance maximum of 386 nm (extinction, approximately 6,000 M-1 cm-1) at pH 6.6 which shifts to approximately 430 nm (extinction, approximately 11-13,000 M-1 cm-1) at pH 9.2, with a pK of 7.9. The pH dependence for the spectrum of the substrate component combined with the pH independence of the intermediate III-like spectrum satisfactorily accounts for the pH dependence observed for intermediate II, including the fact that the high pH spectrum of native intermediate II is qualitatively quite different from that of 8-sulfonyl-FAD intermediate II.
Electromagnetic Focusing and Imaging in Stratified Media Using Gradient Phase Profiled Conjugating Lens (2014)

High-resolution imaging of a dipole source in stratified medium based on negative refraction is presented in this paper. Compensation of the material parameter contrast at the stratified media interface is achieved using a gradient phase profiled conjugating lens (GPCL). It is shown both analytically and numerically that the phase gradient applied across the GPCL positioned at the interface of vertically stratified media enables a high-quality image of a dipole source in a mirror symmetric position with respect to the lens plane. The analytical closed form expression of the phase gradient function is derived using Huygens-Kirchhoff principle. The result is applicable to media with arbitrary stratification and material parameters, including lossy materials. The mechanism for formation of the dipole image in the stratified medium and aberration due to the dielectric contrast at the interface, particularly electromagnetic loss, is discussed in detail. The efficacy of gradient phase and amplitude aberration compensations mechanisms available through the GPCL is articulated. The results of the study are of importance in a wide range of imaging problems in stratified media for medical, civil, and military applications.
Phase II study of low-dose cyclophosphamide and ipilimumab in metastatic melanoma. (2014)

e20025 Background: Ipilimumab (Ipi) has improved clinical outcomes in metastatic melanoma (MM). Previous data suggested that low doses of cyclophosphamide (ldCTX) may have immunomodulatory effects including selectively decreasing T regulatory cells, down-regulating CTLA-4 on T cells, and altering cytokine profile. On this basis, we studied the combination of ldCTX and Ipi in patients (pts) with MM for overall response rates (RRs) and explored immunologic correlates. Methods: 10 pts with MM (2F:8M; median age 59; 7 cutaneous MM, 2 ocular MM and 1 unknown primary MM.) were enrolled in the stage 1 phase of the Simon 2 stage designed trial. Pts received induction tx with ldCTX (300 mg/m2) on day 1 followed by Ipi 10 mg/kg on day 3 for four cycles. Tumor assessments were done on Wk 12 and 24. Pts who showed clinical benefit at Wk 24 received ipi only maintenance tx for 3 cycles q 12 wks. Reassessment was on Wk 36, 48 and 60. Exploratory objectives including the T cell profile, antigen specific T cell responses, cytokine profile, CTLA-4 polymorphisms are being completed. Results: Six pts completed all 4 cycles of induction, and 4 pts received at least 2- 3 cycles. At Wk 24, 4 pts had stable disease, and 6 pts had progression of disease. Two pts received 1 cycle of maintenance tx. The 2 other SD pts were removed from study due to toxicity. Since the primary endpoint was objective response rate and none were seen, the trial was terminated based on trial design. 3 pts experienced Grade IV steroid refractory diarrhea that required anti-TNF alpha tx, and 1 patient experienced Grade III myopathy requiring a cholinesterase inhibitor for myasthenia gravis-like symptoms. Conclusions: Combination tx with ldCTX and ipi did not increase RRs; however did appear to significantly increase irAEs. Results of exploratory objectives may further elucidate mechanisms of enhanced toxicity and reduced efficacy. Clinical trial information: NCT01740401. irAE Total number of events Grade I Grade II Grade III-IV Grade III-IV irAE’s in Registration Trial (%) (Hodi, 2010NEJM) Rash 7 5 (50%) 2 (20%) 0 2.5% Diarrhea/colitis 6 0 3 (30%) 3 (30%) 4.6%/5.3% Nausea 1 1 0 0 2.3% Endocrinopathy 1 1 0 0 3.8% Myopathy/neuropathy 1 0 0 1 1.5%
Translating the transcriptome into tools for the early detection and prevention of lung cancer: Figure 1 (2015)

Despite advances in the management of lung cancer, this disease remains a significant global health burden with survival rates that have not significantly improved in decades. The mortality reduction achieved by low-dose helical CT (LDCT) screening of select high-risk patients is challenged by the high false positive rate of this screening modality and the potential for morbidity associated with follow-up diagnostic evaluation in patients with high risk for iatrogenic complications. The diagnostic dilemma of the indeterminate nodule incidentally identified on diagnostic or screening CT has created a need for reliable biomarkers capable of distinguishing benign from malignant disease. Furthermore, there is an urgent need to develop molecular biomarkers to supplement clinical risk models in order to identify patients at highest risk for having an early stage lung cancer that may derive the greatest benefit from LDCT screening, as well as identifying patients at high-risk for developing lung cancer that may be candidates for emerging chemopreventive strategies. Evolving bioinformatic techniques and the application of these algorithms to analyse the transcriptomic changes associated with lung cancer promise translational discoveries that can bridge these large clinical gaps. The identification of lung cancer associated transcriptomic alterations in readily accessible tissue sampling sites offers the potential to develop early diagnostic and risk stratification strategies applicable to large populations. This review summarises the challenges associated with the early detection, screening and chemoprevention of lung cancer with an emphasis on how genomic information encapsulated by the transcriptome can facilitate future innovations in these clinical settings.
Cu Nanowire Networks with Well-Defined Geometrical Parameters for Catalytic Electrochemical CO2 Reduction (2023)

Three-dimensional, highly interconnected copper nanowire networks are designed and fabricated by electrodeposition in etched ion track polymer templates with interconnected nanochannels and subsequently applied as a catalyst for the electrochemical CO2 reduction toward hydrocarbons and alcohols in an aqueous electrolyte. The specific surface area expressed by the nanowire networks can be adjusted by tailoring the wire length, wire diameter, and nanowire number density to values between 70 cm2 and 300 cm2 per cm2 geometrical sample area. The conversion efficiency and selectivity of CO2 reduction toward liquid- and gas-phase products are studied as a function of the applied potential. Before and after the CO2 reduction reaction, the nanowire networks are characterized by scanning and transmission electron microscopy and by X-ray diffraction, evidencing their stability during CO2 reduction in a potential region between −0.5 V and −0.93 V versus RHE.
Heterocyclic compounds derived from aliphatic amines (1969)

Abstract The photolytic rearrangement of N‐chloroamines derived from secondary fatty amines, such as N‐methyloctadecylamine, has been investigated. The intermediate δ‐ or ε‐chloroamines, or both, were not isolated from the reaction medium but were converted directly to their corresponding N‐methyl‐2‐alkylpyrrolidine or piperidine analogs, or both, by treatment with alkali. The synthetic utility of this reaction has been extended to include the two functionally substituted secondary amines, N,N‐dimethylazelaylamine and methyl 11‐methylaminoundecanoate. The yields of isolated pure products are in the range of 50–80%.
Transport of ReactiveGas-Phase Outdoor AirPollutants Indoors (1994)

This paper considers the homogeneous and heterogeneous chemistry affecting the transport of outdoor gas-phase nitrogen oxides, ozone and nitric acid indoors. Mathematical models are developed and applied to predict indoor air concentrations resulting from this transport, and integral expressions are presented that may be used to estimate model parameters (e.g. deposition velocity) from dynamic measurements of contaminant concentration. The approach to model development and parameter identification is general and may be applied to other cases. Comparisons of predicted results and measured data indicate that (a) homogeneous chemistry can significantly impact transport at times and may be predicted using simplified models, (b) accurate prediction of nitric acid generation may demand more complete models and (c) homogeneous and, possibly, heterogeneous generation of these pollutants may be expected to impact the conventional measurement of deposition velocities placing the accuracy of earlier measurement in doubt.
Expression of GM-CSF in T Cells Is Increased in Multiple Sclerosis and Suppressed by IFN-β Therapy (2015)

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease of the CNS. Studies in animal models of MS have shown that GM-CSF produced by T cells is necessary for the development of autoimmune CNS inflammation. This suggests that GM-CSF may have a pathogenic role in MS as well, and a clinical trial testing its blockade is ongoing. However, there have been few reports on GM-CSF production by T cells in MS. The objective of this study was to characterize GM-CSF production by T cells of MS patients and to determine the effect of IFN-β therapy on its production. GM-CSF production by peripheral blood (PB) T cells and the effects of IFN-β were characterized in samples of untreated and IFN-β-treated MS patients versus healthy subjects. GM-CSF production by T cells in MS brain lesions was analyzed by immunofluorescence. Untreated MS patients had significantly greater numbers of GM-CSF(+)CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells in PB compared with healthy controls and IFN-β-treated MS patients. IFN-β significantly suppressed GM-CSF production by T cells in vitro. A number of CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells in MS brain lesions expressed GM-CSF. Elevated GM-CSF production by PB T cells in MS is indicative of aberrant hyperactivation of the immune system. Given its essential role in animal models, abundant GM-CSF production at the sites of CNS inflammation suggests that GM-CSF contributes to MS pathogenesis. Our findings also reveal a potential mechanism of IFN-β therapy, namely suppression of GM-CSF production.
Autonomous robotic additive manufacturing through distributed model‐free deep reinforcement learning in computational design environments (2022)

The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s41693-022-00069-0.
Improved surface morphologies of printed carbon nanotubes by heat treatment and their field emission properties (2006)

Abstract This paper presents heating process for obtaining standing carbon nanotube emitters to improve field‐emission properties from the screen‐printed multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) films. In an atmosphere with optimum combination of nitrogen and air for heat treatment of CNT films, the CNT emitters can be made to protrude from the surface. This allows for high emission current and the formation of very uniform emission sites without special surface treatment. The morphological change of the CNT film by this technique has eliminated additional processing steps, such as surface treatment which may result in secondary contamination and damage to the film. Despite its simplicity the process provides high reproducibility in emission current density which makes the films suitable for practical applications.
Deconvolution of the Two-Dimensional Bar Code Based on Binary Constraint (2008)

The density of the two-dimensional bar code is high, so the signal is easy to be blurred by the point spread function of the optical system. In order to deblur the image, a novel bar code deconvolution algorithm rooted in binary constraint is proposed in this paper. First, the bar code is rotated to be horizontal using the bilinear interpolation. After analyzing the waveform, the system identification is accomplished. At last, the bar code waveform is reconstructed based on binary constraint. The results show that the performance of the algorithm proposed here is excellent. It can achieve higher recognition rates than previous models.