gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Molecular electronics: Some views on transport junctions and beyond (2005)

The field of molecular electronics comprises a fundamental set of issues concerning the electronic response of molecules as parts of a mesoscopic structure and a technology-facing area of science. We will overview some important aspects of these subfields. The most advanced ideas in the field involve the use of molecules as individual logic or memory units and are broadly based on using the quantum state space of the molecule. Current work in molecular electronics usually addresses molecular junction transport, where the molecule acts as a barrier for incoming electrons: This is the fundamental Landauer idea of "conduction as scattering" generalized to molecular junction structures. Another point of view in terms of superexchange as a guiding mechanism for coherent electron transfer through the molecular bridge is discussed. Molecules generally exhibit relatively strong vibronic coupling. The last section of this overview focuses on vibronic effects, including inelastic electron tunneling spectroscopy, hysteresis in junction charge transport, and negative differential resistance in molecular transport junctions.
Purine nucleosides. XXI. Synthesis of 6-amino-2-methylthio-7-(.beta.-D-ribofuranosyl)purine, an anomer of the nucleoside from factor F, by ring closure of an imidazole nucleoside (1968)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPurine nucleosides. XXI. Synthesis of 6-amino-2-methylthio-7-(.beta.-D-ribofuranosyl)purine, an anomer of the nucleoside from factor F, by ring closure of an imidazole nucleosideRobert J. Rousseau and Leroy B. TownsendCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1968, 33, 7, 2828–2830Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1968Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1968https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01271a047https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01271a047research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views85Altmetric-Citations13LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Neural-Network-Based Path Planning for a Multirobot System With Moving Obstacles (2009)

Recently, a coordinated hybrid agent (CHA) framework was proposed for the control of multiagent systems (MASs). It was demonstrated that an intelligent planner can be designed for the CHA framework to automatically generate desired actions for multiple robots in an MAS. However, in previous studies, only static obstacles in the workspace were considered. In this paper, a neural-network-based approach is proposed for a multirobot system with moving obstacles. A biologically inspired neural-network-based intelligent planner is designed for the coordination of MASs. A landscape of the neural activities for all neurons of a CHA agent contains information about the agent's local goal and moving obstacles. The proposed approach is able to plan the paths for multiple robots while avoiding moving obstacles. The proposed approach is simulated using both Matlab and Vortex. The Vortex module executes control commands from the control system module, and provides the outputs describing the vehicle state and terrain information, which are, in turn, used in the control module to produce the control commands. Simulation results show that the developed intelligent planner of the CHA framework can control a large complex system so that coordination among agents can be achieved.
Identification of a common domain in calmodulin-activated eukaryotic and bacterial adenylate cyclases (1989)

Bordetella pertussis and Bacillus anthracis, two taxonomically distinct bacteria, secrete adenylate cyclase toxins that are activated by the eukaryotic protein calmodulin. The two enzymes contain a well-conserved stretch of 24 amino acid residues [Escuyer et al. (1988) Gene 71, 293-298]. Antibodies have been obtained against two synthetic heptadecapeptides, covering part of the conserved sequences. The anti-peptide antibodies specifically reacted in Western blots with the rat brain adenylate cyclase as well as with the two bacterial enzymes. Anti-rat brain adenylate cyclase serum contained antibodies that were retained by the immobilized peptides, and the affinity-purified antibodies yielded the same recognition pattern of the eukaryotic enzyme as did the unfractionated serum. These results indicate that the eukaryotic adenylate cyclase contains an epitope closely related to that specified by the conserved bacterial sequence. The synthetic peptides and the bacterial adenylate cyclases appeared to compete for ATP (KD of the ATP-peptide complex ca. 0.2 mM), suggesting that the conserved sequence may be part of the substrate binding site in these two enzymes.
Development of the new polymer insulating materials for HVDC cable (1992)

The properties of modified HDPE, selected from various polymer materials by evaluations of DC characteristics, were examined in both sheet and cable samples. It was found that the modification, which introduced a small amount of polar group into HDPE, considerably enhanced DC breakdown strength to as high as 1.5-2.0 times those of XLPE (cross-linked polyethylene). Under a poling voltage of up to 30 kV/mm, the modified HDPE exhibits particular behavior, with its space charge decreasing as stress is increasing. In addition, the additives in HDPE have a large influence on space-charge characteristics, thereby affecting the DC breakdown strength. The evaluation of cable insulated with optimum modified HDPE was conducted to determine the breakdown strength under various voltage applications. Compared with the XLPE cable, modified HDPE cable exhibited excellent characteristics under all kinds of voltage applications, particularly DC dielectric breakdown strength, which was almost twice that of XLPE.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Design of LDPC decoders for improved low error rate performance: quantization and algorithm choices (2009)

Many classes of high-performance low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes are based on parity check matrices composed of permutation submatrices. We describe the design of a parallel-serial decoder architecture that can be used to map any LDPC code with such a structure to a hardware emulation platform. High-throughput emulation allows for the exploration of the low bit-error rate (BER) region and provides statistics of the error traces, which illuminate the causes of the error floors of the (2048, 1723) Reed-Solomon based LDPC (RS-LDPC) code and the (2209, 1978) array-based LDPC code. Two classes of error events are observed: oscillatory behavior and convergence to a class of non-codewords, termed absorbing sets. The influence of absorbing sets can be exacerbated by message quantization and decoder implementation. In particular, quantization and the log-tanh function approximation in sum-product decoders strongly affect which absorbing sets dominate in the errorfloor region. We show that conventional sum-product decoder implementations of the (2209, 1978) array-based LDPC code allow low-weight absorbing sets to have a strong effect, and, as a result, elevate the error floor. Dually-quantized sum-product decoders and approximate sum-product decoders alleviate the effects of low-weight absorbing sets, thereby lowering the error floor.
Data from A Small-Molecule E2F Inhibitor Blocks Growth in a Melanoma Culture Model (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;HLM006474 was identified using a computer-based virtual screen and the known crystal structure of the DNA-bound E2F4/DP2 heterodimer. Treatment of multiple cell lines with HLM006474 resulted in the loss of intracellular E2F4 DNA-binding activity as measured by electrophoretic mobility shift assay within hours. Overnight exposure to HLM006474 resulted in down-regulation of total E2F4 protein as well as known E2F targets. The effects of HLM006474 treatment on different cell lines varied but included a reduction in cell proliferation and an increase in apoptosis. HLM006474 induced apoptosis in a manner distinct from cisplatin and doxorubicin. E2F4-null mouse embryonic fibroblasts were less sensitive than wild-type counterparts to the apoptosis-inducing activity of the compound, revealing its biological specificity. A375 cells were extremely sensitive to the apoptosis-inducing activity of the compound in two-dimensional culture, and HLM006474 was a potent inhibitor of melanocytes proliferation and subsequent invasion in a three-dimensional tissue culture model system. Together, these results suggest that interference with E2F activity using small molecules may have clinical application in cancer therapy. [Cancer Res 2008;68(15):6292–9]&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Photochemical and Electrochemical Strategies towards Benzylic C−H Functionalization: A Recent Update (2021)

Abstract Transition metal‐catalysed processes have been widely used for the functionalization of inert C−H bonds. Strategies for the functionalization of the benzylic C−H position having a relatively weak C−H bond (bond dissociation energy∼ 80–90 kcal/mol) differ from the inert aliphatic and aromatic C−H positions with stronger C−H bonds. The recent advances in the direct activation of the benzylic position through the generation of C( sp 3 ) radicals have demonstrated the potential of electrochemistry and photochemistry as a means for constructing new chemical bonds. This review will cover the recent progress of benzylic C−H functionalization through organic radical strategies employing photochemistry and electrochemistry as sustainable tools. In addition, the mechanistic details of the typical reactions have been included which, in turn, will help the researchers to look at this promising area from a different perspective towards new discoveries and often hidden opportunities. magnified image
Synthesis, photopolymerization, and adhesive properties of new bisphosphonic acid monomers for dental application (2009)

Abstract Four new monomers, 3‐( N ‐methylacrylamido)propylidenebisphosphonic acid, 3‐( N ‐propyl‐acrylamido)propylidenebisphosphonic acid, 3‐( N ‐hexylacrylamido)propylidenebisphosphonic acid, and 3‐( N ‐octylacrylamido)propylidenebisphosphonic acid, have been synthesized in good yields and fully characterized by 1 H, 13 C, 31 P NMR, and HRMS. The copolymerization of these monomers with N,N ′‐diethyl‐1,3‐bis(acrylamido)propane (DEBAAP) has been investigated with differential scanning calorimetry. These mixtures show a higher reactivity than DEBAAP. New self‐etch dental primers, based on these acrylamide monomers, have been formulated. Dentin shear bond strength measurements have shown that primers based on these bisphosphonic acids assure a strong bond between the tooth substance and a dental composite. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 47: 5258–5271, 2009
Triallylrhodium(III) and a crotyl–butadiene complex of rhodium (1966)

J. Powell and B. L. Shaw, Chem. Commun. (London), 1966, 323 DOI: 10.1039/C19660000323
Corneal Thickness Changes with Extended Contact Lens Wear (1980)

Eight myopic patients wearing Permalens contact lenses continuously for 18 months were monitored for corneal thickness changes. The averaged results showed maximum corneal swelling after 1 week of wear with the cornea gradually returning to near prefitting thickness levels. However, great individual variation in corneal thickness response was noted with some patients showing chronic corneal thickening and some showing corneal thinning after the 18-month wearing period.
Comparative analysis of cytotoxic T lymphocyte response induced by dendritic cells pulsed with recombinant adeno-associated virus carrying α-fetoprotein gene or cancer cell lysate (2014)

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common and difficult to treat types of cancer worldwide. Antigen‑targeted immunotherapy has the potential to be a novel and effective adjuvant for use in HCC. In the present study, recombinant adeno‑associated virus carrying the α‑fetoprotein gene (rAAV/AFP) and cancer cell lysates were used to pulse antigen‑presenting dendritic cells (DCs) in order to stimulate a cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) response against HCC. rAAV/AFP‑pulsed and cancer cell lysate‑pulsed DCs resulted in a mature DC phenotype with high expression of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I, MHC class II, CD80, CD83 and CD86 molecules. However, rAAV/AFP‑pulsed DCs exhibited superiority over cancer cell lysate‑pulsed DCs in terms of stimulating proliferation of T cells, activating T cells to secret interferon‑γ (IFN‑γ) and inducing an AFP‑specific MHC class I‑restricted CTL response. The current data suggest that pulsing of DCs using rAAV/AFP is more effective than the cancer cell lysate‑pulsing technique, and that this technique may be used for the development of immunotherapy in AFP‑positive HCC.
Inverse problems for linear ill-posed differential-algebraic equations with uncertain parameters (2011)

This paper describes a minimax state estimation approach for lineardifferential-algebraic equations (DAEs) with uncertain parameters. The approachaddresses continuous-time DAEs with non-stationary rectangular matricesand uncertain bounded deterministic input. An observation’s noise issupposed to be random with zero mean and unknown bounded correlationfunction. Main result is a Generalized Kalman Duality (GKD) principle, describinga dual control problem. Main consequence of the GKD is an optimalminimax state estimation algorithm for DAEs with non-stationary rectangularmatrices. An algorithm is illustrated by a numerical example for 2D timevaryingDAE with a singular matrix pencil.
Helium in critical care: from fluid dynamics to the bedside (2012)

Due to its low density, helium promotes laminar flow conditions in the airways, while reducing resistance to flow in turbulent conditions. These effects make helium an attractive option in patients with upper or lower airway obstructive disease. Several studies have shown favourable clinical and pathophysiological effects in these situations, both in spontaneous breathing and during invasive and noninvasive mechanical ventilation. However, to date, no study has shown that these beneficial effects can impact patient outcome. Until well-conducted studies provide more insight into this issue, the routine use of helium-O2 mixtures cannot be recommended and should be restricted to individual patient situations with well-defined treatment endpoints.
Imaging of cell membrane topography using Tamm plasmon coupled emission (2017)

Imaging of cell membrane topography is important for a clear understanding of the various biological activities of cells. We propose a technique for imaging the cell membrane topography that uses a metal-photonic crystal structure instead of a glass-water interface used in conventional polarized total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy (pTIRFM) techniques. Through the metal-photonic crystal of the proposed technique, the fluorophore labels on the cell membrane can be excited by both the p- and s-polarized excitation light, and in each case, the p- and s-polarized radiation from the excited fluorophores can be separated to form an image. We calculate the images of the cell membrane topography that is fusing a granule using the proposed technique and pTIRFM. The image obtained by the proposed technique shows a much greater contrast with respect to the background than that of the image obtained by pTIRFM. We also find that the structural similarity index of the image obtained by the proposed technique to a reference image is ∼77%, which is only ∼16% for the image obtained by pTIRFM. The proposed technique will help to obtain a clearer and more accurate image of the cell membrane topography, and hence, a deeper understanding of different biological activities.
Issues regarding general and domain-specific resources (1999)

Commentaries on our target article raise further questions about the validity of an undifferentiated central executive that supplies resources to all verbal tasks. Working memory tasks are more likely to measure divided attention capacities and the efficiency of performing tasks within specific domains than a shared resource pool. In our response to the commentaries, we review and further expand upon empirical findings that relate performance on working memory tasks to sentence processing, concluding that our view that the two are not strongly related remains viable in light of the material presented in the commentaries. We suggest that a productive research enterprise would be to develop the concept of working memory as a pool of resources in relation to specific tasks.
Caracterización de dominios funcionales en la DNA polimerasa del bacteriófago ø29 (1989)

Tesis doctoral inedita leida en la Universsidad Autonoma de Madrid, Facultad de Ciencias, Departamento de Biologia Molecular. Fecha de lectura: 26-04-1989
Microwave secondary frequency standards: stability limits due to intrinsic fluctuations in frequency discriminator (2000)

Limitations imposed on long-term frequency stability of microwave oscillators by intrinsic fluctuations in a frequency discriminator (FD) with RF modulation (Pound scheme) have been studied. It has been found that adding a microwave amplifier before detection, lowers the frequency discriminator noise floor by an amount equal to the amplifier gain. This offers the advantage of achieving high discriminator sensitivity without high levels of incident power or RF modulation index.
Solanum lyratumExtracts Induce Extrinsic and Intrinsic Pathways of Apoptosis in WEHI-3 Murine Leukemia Cells and Inhibit Allograft Tumor (2012)

We investigated the molecular mechanisms of cell cycle arrest and apoptotic death induced by Solanum lyratum extracts (SLE) or diosgenin in WEHI-3 murine leukemia cells in vitro and antitumor activity in vivo. Diosgenin is one of the components of SLE. Our study showed that SLE and diosgenin decreased the viable WEHI-3 cells and induced G(0)/G(1) phase arrest and apoptosis in concentration- or time-dependent manners. Both reagents increased the levels of ROS production and decreased the mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨ(m)). SLE- and diosgenin-triggered apoptosis is mediated through modulating the extrinsic and intrinsic signaling pathways. Intriguingly, the p53 inhibitor (pifithrin-α), anti-Fas ligand (FasL) mAb, and specific inhibitors of caspase-8 (z-IETD-fmk), caspase-9 (z-LEHD-fmk), and caspase-3 (z-DEVD-fmk) blocked SLE- and diosgenin-reduced cell viability of WEHI-3 cells. The in vivo study demonstrated that SLE has marked antitumor efficacy against tumors in the WEHI-3 cell allograft model. In conclusion, SLE- and diosgenin-induced G(0)/G(1) phase arrest and triggered extrinsic and intrinsic apoptotic pathways via p53 activation in WEHI-3 cells. SLE also exhibited antitumor activity in vivo. Our findings showed that SLE may be potentially efficacious in the treatment of leukemia in the future.
Engineered micro-devices for the isolation of circulating tumor cells in clinical routine (2018)

Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are believed to represent the main pathway of cancer dissemination in the human body through the circulatory system. These cells have the ability to detach from the primary tumor, enter into the bloodstream, and survive in this environment. A specific subpopulation of these cells possesses the capacity of colonizing new tissues and forming metastases. The relevance of these rare cells in the bloodstream has been intensively investigated during the last decades, finding that phenotypic and genomic information they carry could be correlated with that of solid biopsies. Moreover, the number and incidence of CTCs in metastatic patients could be used as an indicator for prognosis. Thus, their isolation from blood samples and analysis has been proposed as a surrogate to solid biopsies, having the added value of being a less invasive procedure and allow a more repeated measure. In fine, the routine analysis of CTCs in clinical practice could be used for the real-time monitoring of therapies and the adaptation of treatment in order to improve the outcome of patients, a step forward towards so-called precision medicine. In this PhD project, we have developed novel micro-devices for the capture, in flow conditions, of tumor-derived cells from human whole blood. CTCs being larger and less deformable than normal blood cells, we exploited theses physical traits to discriminate them. Sieve-like micro-devices were engineered to selectively sort out tumor-derived cells having as a priority the preservation of cell integrity and viability. In addition, devices were designed to allow direct access to the isolated biological material and thus perform in situ cell identification, such as immunocytochemistry, but also to potentially serve as a platform for functional analysis. We proposed two approaches compatible with clinical routine. The first approach consists in a customized guiding-strip equipped with integrated microfilters, designed to be introduced directly within the bloodstream through a conventional medical catheter to perform the capture of tumor-derived cells in vivo. The second approach aims to perform CTC isolation ex vivo through the integration of microfilters into a platform compatible with blood collection medical sets. Both technological developments were validated using a cancerous cell line suspended in either cell culture medium or whole blood. Our in vivo approach was optimized using a customized fluidic bench mimicking an artificial human vein and was tested successfully in an animal model. This prototype demonstrated its robustness and capability to capture tumor-derived cells in concentrations within the range found in metastatic patients. This sensitivity appraisal was carried out for the ex vivo approach, demonstrating analogous capture performances. We believe that these technologies could enable repeated and reliable CTC detection for prognosis and monitoring of treatment efficiency in metastatic patients.
Photonic crystal slab quantum well infrared photodetector (2011)

In this letter we present a quantum well infrared photodetector (QWIP), which is fabricated as a photonic crystal slab (PCS). With the PCS it is possible to enhance the absorption efficiency by increasing photon lifetime in the detector active region. To understand the optical properties of the device we simulate the PCS photonic band structure, which differs significantly from a real two-dimensional photonic crystal. By fabricating a PCS-QWIP with 100x less quantum well doping, compared to a standard QWIP, we are able to see strong absorption enhancement and sharp resonance peaks up to temperatures of 170 K.
Hollow sapphire fibers for the delivery of CO_2 laser energy (1990)

Hollow sapphire tubing has been used to deliver nearly single-mode CO(2) laser energy. The hollow single-crystal A1(2)O(3) fiber has an n < 1 cladding at 10.6 microm. Measured losses at 10.6 microm are as low as 0.49 dB/m, and the minimum bend radius of the 580, microm x 380 microm fiber is 14 cm. Bending losses are shown to vary as 1/R, and essentially only the HE(11) mode propagates in the bent guide.