gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Directed assembly of particles using microfluidic droplets and bubbles (2013)

Assembly of particles into three dimensional structures is critical for a variety of advanced applications including photonics, optics, catalysis, MEMS, drug delivery and biosensing. Needless to say, a precise control over the structure and properties of three-dimensional particle assemblies is essential in maximizing the functionality that is afforded by the particles in these structures. One method that enables rapid, inexpensive and potentially scalable assembly of particles involves using fluid droplets and bubbles as structure directing agents. Recent advances in microfluidics allow for the formation of highly uniform and structured droplets and bubbles that can be used to direct the assembly of particles into three dimensional structures. In this review, we introduce the recent developments in using microfluidic techniques to generate highly uniform and complex droplets and bubbles, which are subsequently used to direct the assembly of various nano and microparticles. We also highlight a number of functional supraparticles that have been shown to exhibit unique photonic and sensing properties. We conclude this review by providing an outlook on the current challenges and opportunities that need to be addressed for these microfluidic-based approaches to have a broader impact as widely applicable methods for directed assembly of particles.
Compact, Low-Cost, Light-Weight, Superconducting, Ironless Cyclotrons for Hadron Radiotherapy (Final Report) (2019)

This is the final report of a conceptual design study to demonstrate the feasibility of an ironless, superconducting synchrocyclotron for use as a particle accelerator in the clinical treatment of cancer using proton beam radiotherapy (PBRT). Furthermore, the ironless synchrocyclotron approach can be scaled up to accelerate light ions up to carbon, offering significant treatment advantages over conventional proton therapies, and offers a path for more rapid introduction of this technology to clinical uses.
Optimized Noisy Network Coding for Gaussian Relay Networks (2014)

In this paper, we provide an improved lower bound on the rate achieved by noisy network coding in arbitrary Gaussian relay networks, whose gap to the cutset upper bound depends on the network not only through the total number of nodes but also through the degrees of freedom of the min cut of the network.We illustrate that for many networks this refined lower bound can lead to a better approximation of the capacity.The improvement is based on a judicious choice of the quantization resolutions at the relays.
Telomerase activity in human gynaecological malignancies. (1997)

As in many other organs, telomerase activity is increased in solid tissue specimens from malignant tumours of the female reproductive tract, but it is not yet a reliable indicator of the presence of exfoliated cancerous or precancerous cells in clinical specimens from such lesions. Interpretation should be guarded until more extensive studies have been conducted. The data on solid tissues presented here confirm that activation of this enzyme is a major hallmark of the neoplastic process.
Conformationally Restricted Aza‐Bodipy: A Highly Fluorescent, Stable, Near‐Infrared‐Absorbing Dye (2005)

To dye for: A highly fluorescent, photostable aza-dipyrromethene dye 1 (λem=751 nm) with sharp and intense absorption (full width at half maximum height=30.4 nm; ε=159 000) in the near-infrared (NIR) region (λmax=740 nm) is reported. The dye is insensitive to solvent polarity, meets the requirements of a NIR chromophore, and has potential use in biological probes. Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2002/2005/z461868_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Self-reported overall wellbeing and physical function among chemotherapy and surgery patients completing symptom questionnaires across six health systems. (2023)

12110 Background: Health systems have begun using electronic patient reported outcomes (ePROs) to evaluate and ideally mitigate patients’ symptom burden following treatment for cancer and other conditions. However, the optimal number of symptoms and approach to capturing this information is unknown. We hypothesized that self-reported overall wellbeing (OWB) and physical function (PFN) would provide distinctive information, beyond that described by a multi-item symptom questionnaire, and augment the clinical utility of an ePRO system. Methods: eSyM, an EHR-integrated symptom management program, was deployed across six health systems for patients receiving chemotherapy or surgery for a suspected or confirmed thoracic, gastrointestinal, or gynecologic malignancy. eSyM prompts patients to complete a 12-item symptom questionnaire 2-3 times per week. This questionnaire also includes two pictogram questions that assess OWB and PFN – each scored using a four-point scale from 0 (best) to 3 (worst). We sought to identify patient characteristics associated with the lowest OWB and PFN (i.e., score = 3), to describe Spearman correlations between OWB and PFN, and to elucidate the relationships between symptom scores and OWB/PFN. Ordinal logistic regression models were used to adjust for potential confounding. Results: From September 2019-December 2022, 9753 patients submitted 75,166 questionnaires. There were 3846 chemotherapy patients (median age 66, 58% female, 17% non-white) and 5907 surgery patients (median age 61, 73% female, 7% non-white). The plurality of responses indicated mild impairment for OWB and PFN (Table). OWB and PFN scores were moderately correlated with each other (chemotherapy 0.62; surgery 0.59); with the sum of all symptom scores for chemotherapy (OWB 0.48, PFN 0.45) and surgery (OWB 0.51, PFN 0.45) patients; and with pain, fatigue, and anorexia (correlation coefficients 0.40-0.61). No individual symptoms were strongly correlated (coefficient &gt; 0.7) with OWB or PFN. After controlling for other factors, OWB and PFN scores varied significantly by health system. Patients with disability were more likely to report low OWB and PFN (ORs 1.99-3.26; p &lt; 0.05) versus other employment statuses. Conclusions: In a large cohort of chemotherapy and surgery patients from six community-based cancer centers, self-reported OWB and PFN scores were moderately correlated with common symptoms. These items offer discriminant and face validity and provide distinctive information that supplements a multi-item symptom questionnaire. Routine use of OWB and PFN can guide management strategies for symptomatic cancer patients. Clinical trial information: NCT03850912 . [Table: see text]
AC propulsion system for an electric vehicle (1980)

An electric vehicle propulsion system consisting of a 25 hp ac induction motor, pulse-width-modulated (PWM) transistor inverter, two-speed automatic transmission, and an overall vehicle/drive controller is described. A functional overview of the microprocessor controller and a novel controller-inverter interface is given. The rationale for a gear shift is explained. Some inverter developmental problems relating to the new high power Darlington transisters are covered. Test results of an engineering prototype run on a dynamometer are given.
Effect of typhoons on the Korean national emergency medical service system (2018)

Typhoons did not significantly affect the EMS system in this study. Further study is necessary to understand the reasons for this finding.
Event triggered distributed collaborative control (2009)

We consider the collaborative control of a group of autonomous mobile agents. Building upon our earlier work we consider the communication needs and connectivity of the agents' network as they move. We develop algorithms that automatically sense the possibility of connectivity loss among the agents. We also consider the automatic detection of path disconnection when more than one path need to be maintained between pairs of agents. Using local probing schemes we formulate such problems as event-triggered control problems. We develop distributed algorithms that automatically select some agents and move them appropriately so as to maintain certain degree of desired connectivity among the moving agents. We characterize the trade-off between the gain from maintaining a certain degree of connectivity vs. the combined cost of communications and the associated dynamic re-positioning of agents. The results illustrate the efficiency achieved by event-triggered control in such problems. We also describe the resulting communication topologies and in particular their similarity to dynamic small world topologies.
Physical modeling of the feedback path in hearing aids with application to adaptive feedback cancellation (2002)

Hearing aid system modeling based on two-port network theory has been used previously to study the forward gain and the feedback path in hearing aids. The two-port modeling approach is employed in this work to develop an analytic model of the feedback path by reducing the model matrices to simplified analytic expressions. Such an analytic model can simulate the frequency response of the feedback path given the values of relatively few physical parameters such as vent dimensions. The model was extended to include variability in the feedback path due to slit leaks, for example. The analytic model was then incorporated in an adaptive feedback cancellation system, where the physical parameters of the model were adapted to match the actual feedback path and cancel the feedback signal. In the initial stage of this study, the ability of the model to match the frequency response of various measured feedback paths was studied using numerical optimization. Then, an adaptive filtering configuration based on the physical model was developed and studied using computer simulations. Results show that this new approach to adaptive feedback cancellation has the potential to improve both adaptation speed and performance robustness.
Physicochemical, Rheological, & Sensory Characteristics of Yogurt Fortified with Ball-Milled Roasted Chickpea Powder (Cicer arietinum L.) (2021)

This study was aimed at evaluation of effects of ball-milled roasted chickpea (RC) powder on physicochemical, rheological and sensorial properties of yogurt supplemented with RC levels of 1 (RCY1), 2 (RCY2), 3 (RCY3), 4 (RCY4), and 5 g/100 mL (RCY5). Results showed a gradual decline in the pH of pre-inoculated samples with corresponding increases in powder concentration from 1 to 5 g/ 100 mL. Degrees of lightness and yellowness increased in supplemented samples as compared to control (RCY0). Higher firmness was exhibited by RCY3 and RCY5 samples in the range of 59.39-78.56 g. RCY3 showed the highest consistency value (1480.214 g/s). Overall, the syneresis was significantly lower (p<0.05) in supplemented samples as compared to control. The addition levels of more than 3% RC resulted in smoother and more gradual dispersive patterns of particles, and RCY4 showed the most prominent polydispersity and resembled RCY5. Comparatively, supplemented samples exhibited a significantly lower degree of shear-thinning as compared to control samples. RCY5 showed the maximum texture score among all supplemented samples, and supplemented samples showed comparable sensory attributes to those of control samples. It was evident from this study that RC powder can be employed as a functional food ingredient in yogurt production.
Direct computation of generator internal dynamic states from terminal measurements (2004)

Estimating the dynamic state variables of a synchronous generator has been a long standing research problem in power system control designs. In this paper, we present a technique to compute approximately the state variables of a synchronous generator, purely from terminal measurements. The approximation follows from an analysis of the fundamental equations describing synchronous machine models. The method assumes the availablity of the measurements: real and reactive power, terminal voltage, and the field current. By exploiting the structure of the flux linkage equations, approximate formulas for the machine rotor angle (with respect to the phase of the terminal voltage) as well as for the internal flux linkages are derived, and they are shown to be excellent approximations in simulations of detailed machine models.
Synthesis and Characterization of Oligonucleotides Containing the C4′‐Oxidized Abasic Site Produced by Bleomycin and Other DNA Damaging Agents (2003)

Aus dem Schaden Nutzen ziehen: Die C4′-Position der Desoxyribose ist der Angriffspunkt vieler DNA-schädigender Verbindungen, darunter Bleomycin. Hauptprodukt nach Wasserstoffabstraktion an dieser Position ist ein Oligonucleotid mit C4′-AP-Stelle. Vorgestellt wird hier eine allgemeine Synthesemethode für Oligonucleotide 1 mit C4′-AP-Stellen an definierten Positionen (siehe Schema). Diese Methode sollte physikochemische, biochemische und biologische Untersuchungen dieser häufig auftretenden DNA-Schädigung erleichtern. Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2001/2003/z52102_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Comparison of four sleep questionnaires for screening obstructive sleep apnea (2012)

The increased prevalence of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) mandates the presence of simple but accurate tools to identify patients with this disorder for early detection and prevention of various serious consequences. This study aimed at comparing four sleep questionnaires as regards their predictive probabilities for OSA. A cross-sectional study included 234 patients presenting to the sleep clinic. Four sleep questionnaires (Berlin, Epworth Sleepiness Scale [ESS], STOP, and STOP-Bang) were administered to the patients and scoring of the results of the questionnaires was done. Overnight attended polysomnography (PSG) was done for all patients and was considered the gold standard for the diagnosis of OSA. The sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values of the four questionnaires were calculated. Of 234 screened patients; 87.1% had OSA, whereas 93.3%, 90.2%, 95.5%, and 68.3% were classified as being at high risk by the Berlin, STOP, STOP-Bang questionnaires and ESS, respectively. The STOP-Bang, Berlin and STOP questionnaires had the highest sensitivity to predict OSA (97.55%, 95.07% and 91.67%, respectively), moderate-to-severe OSA (97.74%, 95.48% and 94.35%, respectively) and severe OSA (98.65%, 97.3% and 95.95%, respectively), but with a very low specificity for OSA patients (26.32%, 25% and 25%, respectively), moderate-to-severe OSA patients (3.7%, 7.41% and 25.93%, respectively) and severe OSA patients (5.36%, 10.71% and 19.64%, respectively), while the ESS had the highest specificity to predict OSA, moderate-to-severe OSA and severe OSA (75%, 48.15% and 46.43%, respectively) but with the lowest sensitivity (72.55%, 75.71% and 79.73%, respectively). The sensitivity of Berlin, STOP and STOP-Bang questionnaires was very high yet, the low specificity of these questionnaires results in increased false positives and failure of exclusion of individuals at low risk.
Evaluation of a Large Pixellated Cadmium Zinc Telluride Detector for Small Animal Radionuclide Imaging (2006)

Small animal microSPECT systems require high resolution and efficiency to faithfully image biodistributions of molecular reporters and radiopharmaceuticals in a short time. Because of their variable magnification, pinhole and multipinhole cameras are particularly well suited for small animal imaging systems. These cameras nonetheless require a high degree of sampling to achieve high resolution in tomographic images. In order to construct a high resolution pinhole and multipinhole gamma camera for small animal imaging, we developed a large cadmium zinc telluride (CZT) detector array. This detector, having 128times128 1.5times1.5 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> pixels, is one of the largest of its kind in terms of number of pixels and readout channels. The CZT detector crystal array and application-specific integrate circuits (ASICs) are embedded in an aluminum enclosure to form a compact cassette unit. The signals generated by gamma interactions in the CZT crystal are amplified, shaped and multiplexed within the detector unit, and thereafter read by a computer-based data acquisition system. A high-energy keel edge pinhole collimator was coupled to this detector and used to image photons with energies up to 250 keV. This new CZT gamma detector was characterized using Tc-99m (140 keV) and In-111 (171 keV and 245 keV). Specifically, we measured the dead pixel fraction, the uniformity, the intrinsic spatial resolution, and the energy resolution of this detector. Furthermore, we assessed the sensitivity of the pinhole camera. The detector was shown to have fewer than 1% of dead pixels, and also demonstrated energy resolutions of 6.8 % at 140keV (Tc-99m), 6.2 % at 171 keV, and 6.0 % at 245 keV (In-111). Using a microsphere phantom at 3 cm from a 0.5 mm pinhole, a sensitivity of 20 cps/MBq (Tc-99m) was achieved. This new detector will be integrated into our recently developed microSPECT/microCT small animal scanner to increase the overall system sensitivity and image resolution.
Three-dimensional hole drilling of silica glass from the rear surface with femtosecond laser pulses (2001)

By moving silica glass in a preprogrammed structure, we directly produced three-dimensional holes with femtosecond laser pulses in single step. When distilled water was introduced into a hole drilled from the rear surface of the glass, the effects of blocking and redeposition of ablated material were greatly reduced and the aspect ratio of the depth of the hole was increased. Straight holes of 4-mu;m diameter were more than 200 microm deep. Three-dimensional channels can be micromachined inside transparent materials by use of this method, as we have demonstrated by drilling a square-wave-shaped hole inside silica glass.
A Review of the Physics and Response Models for Burnout of Semiconductor Devices. (1984)

Physical mechanisms that cause semiconductor devices to fail from electrical overstress--particularly, EMP-induced electrical stress--are described in light of the current literature and the authors' own research. A major concern is the cause and effects of second breakdown phenomena in p-n junction devices. Models of failure thresholds are evaluated for their inherent errors and for their ability to represent the relevant physics. Finally, the response models that relate electromagnetic stress parameters to appropriate failure-threshold parameters are discussed. (Author)
Scenario-based stability anlysis of the distributed mobility-adaptive clustering (DMAC) algorithm (2001)

Adaptive distributed clustering algorithms and respective protocols are used in wireless ad hoc networks to dynamically organize all nodes into groups and hierarchites. In this paper, we investigate the Distributed Mobility-Adaptive Clustering (DMAC) algorithm proposed in [6]. In particular, we evaluate how the cluster stability (i.e., the number of clusterhead elections, cluster changes per time step, and cluster lifetime) is influenced by the speed, the choice of the weight, and the failure rate of nodes. We performed simulations in a scenario with an enhanced random mobility model and in a realistic campus scenario that includes hot spots and streets
Aqueous Misdirection After Trabeculectomy in a Down Syndrome Patient With Angle-closure Glaucoma (2021)

Down syndrome is a genetic disease caused by trisomy of chromosome 21 that is characterized by numerous systemic abnormalities including intellectual disability, stereotypical facies, and congenital heart malformations. Ocular abnormalities are commonly seen with Down syndrome including corneal disease (keratoconus), refractive error, and atypical irides (Brushfield spots). We report the first case of aqueous misdirection in a patient with Down syndrome after trabeculectomy. Patients with Down syndrome often have small, hyperopic eyes with narrow iridocorneal angles and may be at increased risk for aqueous misdirection associated with surgical procedures. Awareness of this risk may aid surgical planning and postoperative management.
Enhancing human cord blood hematopoietic stem cell engraftment by targeting nuclear hormone receptors (2018)

Purpose of review Allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) is a life-saving therapy for hematological and nonhematological diseases. Cord blood is a source of transplantable hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), but limited numbers of HSCs in single cord blood units, which may cause delayed neutrophil, platelet, and immune cell reconstitution, is a major problem for efficient transplantation. Ex-vivo expansion and enhanced homing of cord blood HSC may overcome this disadvantage and improve its long-term engraftment. Here, we discuss the role of nuclear hormone receptors signaling in human cord blood HSC engraftment. Recent findings Antagonizing retinoid acid receptor (RAR) signaling promotes human HSC expansion and increases myeloid cell production. Cord blood CD34 + cells expanded by SR1 promotes efficient myeloid recovery after transplantation compared with control groups, and leads to successful engraftment. Short-term treatment of glucocorticoids enhances homing and long-term engraftment of human HSCs and HPCs in NSG mice. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ) antagonism expands human HSCs and HPCs by preventing differentiation and enhancing glucose metabolism. These findings demonstrate that nuclear hormone receptor signaling components might be promising targets for improving human cord blood HCT. Summary Better understanding of molecular mechanisms underlying human HSC expansion and homing mediated by nuclear hormone receptor signaling pathways will facilitate enhanced HCT efficacy.
[Functional abnormality of the diaphragm in the "shrinking lung" in systemic lupus erythematosus]. (1993)

Functional respiratory disorders in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) have been previously reviewed. We report a patient with SLE who developed progressive dyspnea with a restrictive pattern in the functional respiratory tests, and diaphragmatic disfunction. Symptoms and functional tests improved after a treatment with steroids. We also review the pathophysiologic mechanisms of this disorder.
Quantum analog-to-digital and digital-to-analog conversion (2005)

An algorithm is proposed which transfers the quantum information of a wave function (analog signal) into a register of qubits (digital signal) such that $n$ qubits describe the amplitudes and phases of ${2}^{n}$ points of a sufficiently smooth wave function. We assume that the continuous degree of freedom couples to one or more qubits of a quantum register via a Jaynes-Cummings Hamiltonian and that we have universal quantum computation capabilities on the register as well as the possibility to perform bang-bang control on the qubits. The transfer of information is mainly based on the application of the quantum phase estimation algorithm in both directions. Here, the running time increases exponentially with the number of qubits. We pose it as an open question which interactions would allow polynomial running time. One example would be interactions which enable squeezing operations.