gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Augmented Reality Navigation With Automatic Marker-Free Image Registration Using 3-D Image Overlay for Dental Surgery (2014)

Computer-assisted oral and maxillofacial surgery (OMS) has been rapidly evolving since the last decade. State-of-the-art surgical navigation in OMS still suffers from bulky tracking sensors, troublesome image registration procedures, patient movement, loss of depth perception in visual guidance, and low navigation accuracy. We present an augmented reality navigation system with automatic marker-free image registration using 3-D image overlay and stereo tracking for dental surgery. A customized stereo camera is designed to track both the patient and instrument. Image registration is performed by patient tracking and real-time 3-D contour matching, without requiring any fiducial and reference markers. Real-time autostereoscopic 3-D imaging is implemented with the help of a consumer-level graphics processing unit. The resulting 3-D image of the patient's anatomy is overlaid on the surgical site by a half-silvered mirror using image registration and IP-camera registration to guide the surgeon by exposing hidden critical structures. The 3-D image of the surgical instrument is also overlaid over the real one for an augmented display. The 3-D images present both stereo and motion parallax from which depth perception can be obtained. Experiments were performed to evaluate various aspects of the system; the overall image overlay error of the proposed system was 0.71 mm.
Acoustic pattern perception in synchronous music systems (1994)

A common fallacy in interactive music systems is that a computer can make musically intelligent use of data from classical DSP-based acoustic analysis. In fact, human auditory sensors and processors are so different from standard silicon ones that machines are unlikely to ‘‘hear’’ music anything like the way humans perceive it. However, a computer model of human auditory sensing and preattentive processing can provide a good approximation of the conditioned stimuli that the musical brain actually works with. A real-time model is described in which the first derivative of a constant-Q filter bank is positively rectified, convolved with an energy integration function, then summed and fed into a temporal pattern detector (a pulse and tempo sensor, or foot-tapper) which provides a robust control for synthetic instruments needing to play ‘‘in sync’’ with the acoustic source. The computational stages are based on solid evidence from psychacoustic research, and appear robust in practice. Videotaped and live demonstrations.
Membrane potential of Plasmodium-infected erythrocytes. (1982)

The membrane potential (Em) of normal and Plasmodium chabaudi-infected rat erythrocytes was determined from the transmembrane distributions of the lipophilic anion, thiocyanate (SCN), and cation, triphenylmethylphosphonium (TPMP). The SCN- and TPMP-measured Em of normal erythrocytes are -6.5 +/- 3 mV and -10 +/- 4 mV, respectively. The TPMP-measured Em of infected cells depended on parasite developmental stage; "late" stages (schizonts and gametocytes) were characterized by a Em = -35 mV "early stages (ring and copurifying noninfected) by a low Em (-16 mV). The SCN-determined Em of infected cells was -7 mV regardless of parasite stage. Studies with different metabolic inhibitors including antimycin A, a proton ionophore (carbonylcyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone [CCCP] ), and a H+ -ATPase inhibitor (N,N'-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide, [DCCD] ) indicate that SCN monitors the Em across the erythrocyte membrane of infected and normal cells whereas TPMP accumulation reflects the Em across the plasma membranes of both erythrocyte and parasite. These inhibitor studies also implicated proton fluxes in Em-generation of parasitized cells. Experiments with weak acids and bases to measure intracellular pH further support this proposal. Methylamine distribution and direct pH measurement after saponin lysis of erythrocyte membranes demonstrated an acidic pH for the erythrocyte matrix of infected cells. The transmembrane distributions of weak acids (acetate and 5,5-dimethyloxazolidine-2,4-dione) indicated a DCCD-sensitive alkaline compartment. The combined results suggest that the intraerythrocyte parasite Em and delta pH are in part the consequence of an electrogenic proton pump localized to the parasite plasma membrane.
Multimodal imaging of adult-onset foveomacular vitelliform dystrophy (2014)

Adult-onset foveomacular vitelliform dystrophy (AOFVD) is a clinically heterogeneous maculopathy that may mimic other conditions and be difficult to diagnose. It is characterized by late onset, slow progression and high variability in morphologic and functional alterations. Diagnostic evaluation should include careful ophthalmoscopy and imaging studies. The typical ophthalmoscopic findings are bilateral, asymmetric, foveal or perifoveal, yellow, solitary, round to oval elevated subretinal lesions, often with central pigmentation. The lesions characteristically demonstrate increased autofluorescence and hypofluorescent lesions surrounded by irregular annular hyperfluorescence on fluorescein angiography. Optical coherence tomography studies demonstrate homogenous or heterogeneous hyperreflective material between the retinal pigment epithelium and the neurosensory retina. The visual prognosis is generally favorable, but visual loss can occur from chorioretinal atrophy and choroidal neovascularization.
Functional domains of human TIMP-1 (tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases). (1994)

To define domains of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases (TIMP-1) that are important to its ability to inhibit fibroblast-type collagenase (FIB-CL), two different approaches were used: (i) competition with synthetic peptides modeled after the human TIMP-1 sequence and (ii) localization of epitopes of blocking antibodies. TIMP-1 consists of six loops, held in place by six disulfide bonds arranged in three knotlike structures. Several long peptides (n = 20-34), together covering three-fourths of the human TIMP-1 sequence, were able to block inhibition of human FIB-CL by TIMP-1. While most of these peptides were modeled after sequences in the NH2-terminal domain of the molecule (loops 1, 2, and 3), they also included two-thirds of the residues of the COOH-terminal domain including loops 4 and 5 and the COOH-terminal tail but not loop 6. Refinement by competition with shorter peptides (7-10 residues) showed that the region surrounding the second "disulfide knot" (Cys13-Cys124, Cys127-Cys174) plays a major role in the inhibition of FIB-CL. This region consists of two strands, residues 10-25 and 121-129, connected through Cys13-Cys124. Peptides from this region also directly inhibited FIB-CL in the absence of TIMP-1. Additional competing peptides included T2-11 of the NH2-terminal domain and T34-42, a highly conserved region in the middle of loop 1. Among a series of monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies (mAbs and pAbs) to TIMP-1, we identified two, one mAb and one pAb, that neutralized the activity of TIMP-1 against FIB-CL. Both recognized epitopes in loop 3. The epitope for the mAb was located in the sequence that marks the transition between loops 3 and 4, GCEEC127, a region also identified as important by peptide competition experiments. By contrast, the epitope for a nonblocking mAb was located in a short 9-residue segment of loop 4, and a nonblocking pAb recognized epitopes in loop 1, loop 6, and the COOH-terminal tail. Our findings suggest that the FIB-CL-TIMP-1 complex possesses multiple contact sites that involve several different subdomains of the inhibitor.
The mesophilic archaeon Methanosarcina acetivorans counteracts uracil in DNA with multiple enzymes: EndoQ, ExoIII, and UDG (2018)

Cytosine deamination into uracil is one of the most prevalent and pro-mutagenic forms of damage to DNA. Base excision repair is a well-known process of uracil removal in DNA, which is achieved by uracil DNA glycosylase (UDG) that is found in all three domains of life. However, other strategies for uracil removal seem to have been evolved in Archaea. Exonuclease III (ExoIII) from the euryarchaeon Methanothermobacter thermautotrophicus has been described to exhibit endonuclease activity toward uracil-containing DNA. Another uracil-acting protein, endonuclease Q (EndoQ), was recently identified from the euryarchaeon Pyrococcus furiosus. Here, we describe the uracil-counteracting system in the mesophilic euryarchaeon Methanosarcina acetivorans through genomic sequence analyses and biochemical characterizations. Three enzymes, UDG, ExoIII, and EndoQ, from M. acetivorans exhibited uracil cleavage activities in DNA with a distinct range of substrate specificities in vitro, and the transcripts for these three enzymes were detected in the M. acetivorans cells. Thus, this organism appears to conduct uracil repair using at least three distinct pathways. Distribution of the homologs of these uracil-targeting proteins in Archaea showed that this tendency is not restricted to M. acetivorans, but is prevalent and diverse in most Archaea. This work further underscores the importance of uracil-removal systems to maintain genome integrity in Archaea, including 'UDG lacking' organisms.
The Land Administration Domain Model Standard (2013)

LADM is a international standard for the land administration domain. It will stimulate the development of software applications and will accelerate the implementation of proper land administration systems that will support sustainable development. The LADM covers basic information-related components of land administration (including those over water and land, and elements above and below the surface of the earth); The standard provides an abstract, conceptual model with three packages related to: - parties (people and organizations); - basic administrative units, rights, responsibilities, and restrictions (ownership rights); - spatial units (parcels, and the legal space of buildings and utility networks); with sub packages for spatial sources (surveying), and spatial representations (geometry and topology). This paper summarizes the motivation, requirements and goals for developing LADM. Further, the standard itself is described, including the development process and potential future maintenance. Despite being a very young standard, ‘born’ on 1 December 2012, it is already possible to observe some of the impact of LADM and some examples of this are given in the paper.
Reversing donor-specific antibody responses and antibody-mediated rejection with bortezomib and belatacept in mice and kidney transplant recipients (2020)

Active antibody-mediated rejection (AMR) is a potentially devastating complication and consistently effective treatment remains elusive. We hypothesized that the reversal of acute AMR requires rapid elimination of antibody-secreting plasma cells (PC) with a proteasome inhibitor, bortezomib, followed by the sustained inhibition of PC generation with CTLA4-Ig or belatacept (B/B). We show in mice that B/B therapy selectively depleted mature PC producing donor-specific antibodies (DSA) and reduced DSA, when administered after primary and secondary DSA responses had been established. A pilot investigation was initiated to treat six consecutive patients with active AMR with B/B. Compassionate use of this regimen was initiated for the first patient who developed early, severe acute AMR that did not respond to steroids, plasmapheresis, and intravenous immunoglobulin after his third kidney transplant. B/B treatment resulted in a rapid reversal of AMR, leading us to treat five additional patients who also resolved their acute AMR episode and had sustained disappearance of circulating DSA for ≤30 months. This study provides a proof-of-principle demonstration that mouse models can identify mechanistically rational therapies for the clinic. Follow-up investigations with a more stringent clinical design are warranted to test whether B/B improves on the standard of care for the treatment of acute AMR.
Sensitivity-Enhanced Strain Sensor With a Wide Dynamic Range Based on a Novel Long-Period Fiber Grating (2021)

A long period fiber grating prepared by multimode fibers (MMF-LPFG) is proposed and experimentally demonstrated as a sensitivity-enhanced strain sensor. The core diameter mismatch between the MMFs excites the high order cladding mode to obtain a compact sensing structure (3.6 mm). The strain sensitivity of the MMF-LPFG structure is enhanced to −15.06 pm/ <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mu \varepsilon $ </tex-math></inline-formula> when the grating period is closer to the dispersion turning point (DTP). Meanwhile, the novel fiber structure also has an excellent mechanical property to achieve a large dynamic range ( <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\text{0-4508} ~\mu \varepsilon $ </tex-math></inline-formula> ) in strain measurement.
Genetic Diversity of the Ordinary Strain of Potato virus Y (PVY) and Origin of Recombinant PVY Strains (2011)

The ordinary strain of Potato virus Y (PVY), PVY(O), causes mild mosaic in tobacco and induces necrosis and severe stunting in potato cultivars carrying the Ny gene. A novel substrain of PVY(O) was recently reported, PVY(O)-O5, which is spreading in the United States and is distinguished from other PVY(O) isolates serologically (i.e., reacting to the otherwise PVY(N)-specific monoclonal antibody 1F5). To characterize this new PVY(O)-O5 subgroup and address possible reasons for its continued spread, we conducted a molecular study of PVY(O) and PVY(O)-O5 isolates from a North American collection of PVY through whole-genome sequencing and phylogenetic analysis. In all, 44 PVY(O) isolates were sequenced, including 31 from the previously defined PVY(O)-O5 group, and subjected to whole-genome analysis. PVY(O)-O5 isolates formed a separate lineage within the PVY(O) genome cluster in the whole-genome phylogenetic tree and represented a novel evolutionary lineage of PVY from potato. On the other hand, the PVY(O) sequences separated into at least two distinct lineages on the whole-genome phylogenetic tree. To shed light on the origin of the three most common PVY recombinants, a more detailed phylogenetic analysis of a sequence fragment, nucleotides 2,406 to 5,821, that is present in all recombinant and nonrecombinant PVY(O) genomes was conducted. The analysis revealed that PVY(N:O) and PVY(N-Wi) recombinants acquired their PVY(O) segments from two separate PVY(O) lineages, whereas the PVY(NTN) recombinant acquired its PVY(O) segment from the same lineage as PVY(N:O). These data suggest that PVY(N:O) and PVY(N-Wi) recombinants originated from two separate recombination events involving two different PVY(O) parental genomes, whereas the PVY(NTN) recombinants likely originated from the PVY(N:O) genome via additional recombination events.
Querytogether: Enabling entity-centric exploration in multi-device collaborative search (2018)

Collaborative and co-located information access is becoming increasingly common. However, fairly little attention has been devoted to the design of ubiquitous computing approaches for spontaneous exploration of large information spaces enabling co-located collaboration. We investigate whether an entity-based user interface provides a solution to support co-located search on heterogeneous devices. We present the design and implementation of QueryTogether, a multi-device collaborative search tool through which entities such as people, documents, and keywords can be used to compose queries that can be shared to a public screen or specific users with easy touch enabled interaction. We conducted mixed-methods user experiments with twenty seven participants (nine groups of three people), to compare the collaborative search with QueryTogether to a baseline adopting established search and collaboration interfaces. Results show that QueryTogether led to more balanced contribution and search engagement. While the overall s-recall in search was similar, in the QueryTogether condition participants found most of the relevant results earlier in the tasks, and for more than half of the queries avoided text entry by manipulating recommended entities. The video analysis demonstrated a more consistent common ground through increased attention to the common screen, and more transitions between collaboration styles. Therefore, this provided a better fit for the spontaneity of ubiquitous scenarios. QueryTogether and the corresponding study demonstrate the importance of entity based interfaces to improve collaboration by facilitating balanced participation, flexibility of collaboration styles and social processing of search entities across conversation and devices. The findings promote a vision of collaborative search support in spontaneous and ubiquitous multi-device settings, and better linking of conversation objects to searchable entities.
Is the observed hydrogenation of formate the rate-limiting step in methanol synthesis? (1995)

The role of formate in the synthesis of methanol from CO2–H2 Ges mixtures over copper is examined: It has often been assumed that the hydrogenation of the formate intermediate is the rate-limiting step in the synthesis since it is the most stable intermediate observed. The hydrogenation rate was determined experimentally on a Cu(100) single crystal. The results were examined by a micro-kinetic model, and indicate that the experimentally measured hydrogenation cannot directly lead to methanol synthesis. Instead, the results suggest that the measured hydrogenation of formate most likely leads to formaldehyde and/or formic acid, which could be side products and/or intermediates of the synthesis process.
Properties of Ga1−xMnxAs with high x (&gt;0.1) (2008)

We have investigated the magnetic and the crystalline properties of a set of Ga1−xMnxAs layers with high nominal Mn compositions (x=0.101–0.198). Magnetization measurements and combined channeling Rutherford backscattering (c-RBS) and particle induced x-ray emission (c-PIXE) measurements have been performed to determine the effective Mn composition xeff and the fraction of Mn atoms at various lattice sites. Here, xeff determined from magnetization measurements, which increases with increasing x, is consistent with the results determined from c-RBS-PIXE measurements.
Orca-RBFNN: A New Machine Learning Method for Control Chart Pattern Recognition (2022)

Supervising the production process in different factories and industries is one of the important and basic measures for the production of high quality goods and is of special importance. This is accomplished by monitoring the behavior of a system. Control chart is one of the most widely used and accurate statistical quality control tools that has been used in recent years in various industries to monitor the production process. In this study, a new method for detecting control chart patterns (CCPs) with the aim of online monitoring of the production process is proposed. In the proposed method, the radial basis function neural network (RBFNN) is used as a classifier of CCPs and a combination of shape and statistical features is used as input. In the proposed method, unlike the conventional methods in the literature, which use a set of shape or statistical features as input, the features are used intelligently and at different steps. In the RBFNN, center of clusters, number of clusters and their spread has a high impact on the network performance. Therefore, their optimal value must be determined correctly. In the proposed method, Orca optimization algorithm (OOA) is used to determine the value of these parameters. The proposed method was tested on a data set containing 800 samples and the simulation results showed that the proposed method is able to identify eight CCPs with 99.41% accuracy.
Band gaps and asymptotic behaviour of continued fraction coefficients (1982)

Continued fractions are frequently used to approximate densities of states. When the support of these densities is connected (i.e. there is no gap) the coefficients (a n , b n 2 ) of the continued fraction converge when n to infinity . In the presence of gaps, they exhibit undamped oscillations. The authors characterise these oscillations completely by studying the spectrum of periodic linear chains. It is found that the coefficients are periodic abelian functions of n (elliptic functions in the case of a single gap), in agreement with recent results by Magnus (1979). The corresponding recurrence laws are derived, and methods for terminating the continued fraction are given. The case of a single gap is treated in detail, and numerous examples and applications are provided.
The diagnostic performance of a simplified blood test (SteatoTest-2) for the prediction of liver steatosis (2018)

The SteatoTest-2 is simpler and noninferior to the first-generation SteatoTest for the diagnosis of steatosis, without the limitations of BMI and bilirubin.
Nanostructured NdFeB films processed by rapid thermal annealing (1998)

Nanostructured NdFeB films were prepared by magnetron sputtering followed by rapid thermal annealing at a ramp rate of 200 °C/s. Isotropically oriented Nd2Fe14B crystallites were formed in the films and coercivities up to 20 kOe and remanence ratios up to 0.8 were obtained. Transmission electron microscopy analysis shows that the majority phase of the magnetic layer in the high coercivity films consists of Nd2Fe14B nanocrystallites with an average size of about 50 nm. These nanocrystallites are believed to be single-domain particles, which are responsible for the high coercivities. MFM measurements show that the domain size is about 500 nm. It is thus indicated that the 50 nm Nd2Fe14B nanocrystallites are strongly exchange-coupled into the 500 nm domains and the high remanence ratio originates from this exchange coupling.
Contact potential difference (2015)

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Comparative study on Hsp25 expression in Mongolian gerbil and mouse cerebellum (2006)

The term 'heat shock protein (Hsps)' was derived from the fact that these proteins were initially discovered to be induced by hyperthermic conditions. In response to a range of stressful stimuli, including hyperthermia, immobilization, UV radiation, amino acid analogues, arsenite, various chemicals, and drugs the mammalian brain demonstrates a rapid and intense induction of the heat shock protein. Moreover, Hsps were expressed on the various pathological conditions including trauma, focal or global ischemia, hypoxia, infarction, infections, starvation, and anoxia. Especially, Hsp25 has a protective activity, facilitated by the ability of the protein to decrease the intracellular levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) as well as its chaperone activity, which favors the degradation of oxidized proteins. Recently, it has clearly demonstrated that Hsp25 is constitutively expressed in the adult mouse cerebellum by parasagittal bands of purkinje cells in three distinct regions, the central zone (lobule VI-VII) and nodular zone (lobule IX-X), and paraflocculus. The Mongolian gerbil has been introduced into stroke study model because of its unique brain vasculature. There are no significant connections between the basilarvertebral system and the carotid system. This anatomy feature renders the mongolian gerbil susceptible to forebrain ischemia-induced seizure. The present study is designed to examine the pattern of Hsp25 expression in the cerebellum of this animal in comparison with that in mouse.