gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Short-Range Roadway Delineation (1986)

A distinction is drawn between long- and short-range delineation, the latter being provided to aid the driver in tracking the roadway at night and under poor visibility conditions. A quasi-linear describing function approach is employed to represent the driver as a sensor and controller, and it is hypothesized that reductions in the quality of the driver's visual field will be reflected by an increase in the level of the “remnant” (interpreted in part as visual observation noise). Experiments were performed on a rural road, to which a variety of delineation treatments were applied, using a vehicle that permitted the identification of driver-vehicle describing functions as subjects negotiated the test course. The results are generally supportive of the experimental hypothesis, with the describing function parameters yielding evaluations of delineation treatments that are consistent with each other and with subjective ratings of task difficulty.
Evaluation of mutant huntingtin and neurofilament proteins as potential markers in Huntington’s disease (2018)

Huntington's disease (HD) is a genetic progressive neurodegenerative disorder, caused by a mutation in the <i>HTT</i> gene, for which there is currently no cure. The identification of sensitive indicators of disease progression and therapeutic outcome could help the development of effective strategies for treating HD. We assessed mutant huntingtin (mHTT) and neurofilament light (NfL) protein concentrations in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and blood in parallel with clinical evaluation and magnetic resonance imaging in premanifest and manifest HD mutation carriers. Among HD mutation carriers, NfL concentrations in plasma and CSF correlated with all nonbiofluid measures more closely than did CSF mHTT concentration. Longitudinal analysis over 4 to 8 weeks showed that CSF mHTT, CSF NfL, and plasma NfL concentrations were highly stable within individuals. In our cohort, concentration of CSF mHTT accurately distinguished between controls and HD mutation carriers, whereas NfL concentration, in both CSF and plasma, was able to segregate premanifest from manifest HD. In silico modeling indicated that mHTT and NfL concentrations in biofluids might be among the earliest detectable alterations in HD, and sample size prediction suggested that low participant numbers would be needed to incorporate these measures into clinical trials. These findings provide evidence that biofluid concentrations of mHTT and NfL have potential for early and sensitive detection of alterations in HD and could be integrated into both clinical trials and the clinic.
Experimental characterization of cluster states using fibre sources (2013)

Summary form only given. Spontaneous four wave mixing (FWM) in photonic crystal fibre (PCF) is a promising approach to improved sources of photon pairs for quantum information applications. When pumped by a bright pulsed laser, the χ <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> nonlinearity of silica can produce correlated photons between a signal and idler wavelength equally spaced above and below the pump in frequency [1]. In PCF, the microstructure surrounding the silica core can be chosen to engineer the dispersion of the fibre, which allows control of the phase-matched signal and idler wavelengths, and even over the degree of spectral correlation between signal and idler - in particular, avoiding all spectral correlation can result in heralded photons in an intrinsically pure quantum state, without the usual need for lossy filtering [2]. Other advantages of PCF include a high brightness with moderate pump power due to the small guided mode area and long interaction length, and good coupling efficiency to single mode fibre for detection because the photons are generated in a similar mode shape.Multi-partite entangled states have many applications across quantum information, but cluster or graph states have recieved particular attention due to the potential for scalable, universal quantum computing based on measurement of a large cluster state [3]. In this paper, we discuss experimental methods for the generation of entanglement between four qubits, using two sources of polarization entangled photon pairs from PCFs setup in Sagnac loops, and quantum interference at a polarizing beamsplitter (Fig. 1a) to perform a fusion operation [4, 5]. We present results for 3 and 4 photon GHZ states with respective fidelities of 75% and 67%, and for a `star-cluster' state equivalent to a rotated GHZ state (Fig. 1b and c). Using this state, we demonstrate logic gates in the measurement based model of quantum computing [6]. We will also discuss progress in using interferometric path degrees of freedom for two of the photons to extend the cluster state with additional qubits (Fig 1d).
Undenatured parvovirus B19 antigens are essential for the accurate detection of parvovirus B19 IgG (1999)

Recombinant versions of parvovirus B19 capsid proteins VP1 and VP2 are used for immunodiagnostic assays for detection of antiviral antibodies. The immune response to B19 is characterized by a gradual loss of antibodies directed against linear epitopes of VP2. A similar occurrence for antibodies raised against VP1 protein would represent a limitation to serological assays incorporating denatured versions of either viral antigen. Four detection systems for B19 Ig detection have been developed, including an IgG enzyme immunoassay (EIA) based on undenatured VP2, an immunofluorescence assay (IFA) based on undenatured VP1, a Western blot assay incorporating denatured VP1 and VP2, and an alternative blot system using denatured VP1 but undenatured VP2. Specimens (n=108) were tested by all four systems and identical results were obtained by EIA, IFA, and alternative blot systems, whereby 75/108 (69%) were B19 IgG-positive. Twelve B19 IgG-positive specimens, representing 16% (12/75) of the confirmed positives, did not react to either viral antigens when tested by Western blot. It is concluded that these sera do not react with linear epitopes of VP1 and VP2 antigens. Eighty-five different specimens, which had previously been shown to be both B19 IgM- and IgG-positive by EIA and IFA, were positive by B19 IgM and IgG Western blot. In the IgG Western blot assay, 69 reacted with both VP1 and VP2 and 16 with VP1 only. It is concluded that there is a requirement for at least one undenatured antigen for the immunological detection of B19 IgG.
The Effect of an In Vivo-Injected Thiol Protease Inhibitor, E-64-c, on the Calcium-Induced Degeneration of Myofilaments1 (1981)

The role of intracellular calcium-dependent proteinase(s) has been investigated in intact rat muscle. When calcium ions were introduced into intact muscle in vitro with ionophore A23187, Z-line loss and concomitant release of alpha-actinin into the medium were observed. The calcium-induced release of alpha-actinin was not diminished in the muscle with in vivo-injection of a thiol protease inhibitor, E-64-c. Intramuscular concentrations of E-64-c were also measured after pulse labeling with [3H]E-64-c followed by subcellular fractionation. Most of the inhibitor was localized in the cytosol, not in the lysosome. Therefore, we conclude that cytosolic as well as lysosomal proteinases in muscle are not inhibited by the in vivo labeling of the protease inhibitor (10 mg/kg).
On-Line Microdialysis Coupled to Analytical Systems (2008)

In vivo sampling of interstitial fluid using microdialysis (MD) fibers has become a standard and accepted procedure. The resulting small volume samples, often with low concentrations of the analyte of interest, present a particular challenge to analytical methods. Rapid developments of analytical techniques with high sensitivity accelerate their combination with MD. On-line MD-based analytical systems are receiving increasing attention because they can provide near real-time data prior to the off-line system. The purpose of this review is to provide information for on-line MD-analytical systems. Special emphasis has been given to the main progression on methodologies of each method during recent years. The advantages, limitations, and adaptivity are also discussed. These methods include on-line MD-liquid chromatography, on-line MD-capillary electrophoresis, on-line MD-mass spectrometry, and on-line MD-biosensor.
The Role of Mg17Al12 Phase in the Corrosion of Mg Alloy AZ91 (1989)

Corrosion behavior of mold-cast Mg alloy AZ91 is investigated in as-cast (F), homogenized (T4), and artificially-aged (T6) conditions in chloride media. Heat treatment influences mainly the distribution of intermetallic β-phase (Mg17Al12) in the alloy. Aging to T6 temper causes precipitation of the phase as a nearly continuous network of secondary particles along the grain boundaries. The alloy exhibits much better corrosion resistance in the T6 temper than it does in the other two conditions. It is observed that the β-phase is inert to the chloride solution in comparison to the magnesium matrix and acts as a corrosion barrier. The mechanism responsible for this behavior is investigated by studying the electrochemical properties of synthetically prepared β-phase and solid-solution alloys representative of the magnesium matrix.
Organic Electronics: Ultranarrow Bandwidth Organic Photodiodes by Exchange Narrowing in Merocyanine H‐ and J‐Aggregate Excitonic Systems (Adv. Funct. Mater. 21/2019) (2019)

In article number 1805058, Frank Würthner and co-workers report on the controlled supramolecular packing of highly dipolar merocyanine dyes to fabricate ultra-narrowband photodiodes. By strategic design of the substituents' sterics, the nine investigated merocyanine dyes afford distinct different optical signatures in the solid state, giving rise to either H- or J-aggregate properties with ultra-narrow bandwidths. Such thin films are applied to yield transparent organic photodiodes in the interesting blue (H) and NIR (J) spectral range.
Thermal Expansion of Self-Organized and Shear-Oriented Cellulose Nanocrystal Films (2013)

The coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) of cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) films was characterized using novel experimental techniques complemented by molecular simulations. The characteristic birefringence exhibited by CNC films was utilized to calculate the in-plane CTE of self-organized and shear-oriented self-standing CNC films from room temperature to 100 °C using polarized light image correlation. CNC alignment was estimated via Hermans order parameter (S) from 2D X-ray diffraction measurements. We found that films with no preferential CNC orientation through the thickness (S: ∼ 0.0) exhibited an isotropic CTE (∼25 ppm/K). In contrast, films with aligned CNC orientations (S: ∼0.4 to 0.8) had an anisotropic CTE response: For the highest CNC alignment (S: 0.8), the CTE parallel to CNC alignment was ∼9 ppm/K, while that perpendicular to CNC alignment was ∼158 ppm/K. CNC film thermal expansion was proposed to be due primarily to single crystal expansion and CNC-CNC interfacial motion. The relative contributions of inter- and intracrystal responses to heating were explored using molecular dynamics simulations.
A Hybrid Data-Driven and Knowledge-Driven Methodology for Estimating the Effect of Completion Parameters on the Cumulative Production of Horizontal Wells (2018)

Abstract We present a new methodology for modeling the cumulative oil and gas production of horizontal wells in a shale play given two types of well completion parameters: lateral length and proppant intensity, we also consider the location of the wells and the shut-in days of wells. We show experimental results evaluating the predictive accuracy of this methodology on hold-out data and compare it to standard data-driven estimation procedures. Our approach is based on the use of Generalized Additive Models (GAMs). The main advantage of using GAMs is that we can easily obtain effect plots that allow us to quantify the effect of each completion parameter and the location of the well on the production. Furthermore, it is possible to explicitly model the interaction between variables and impose shape constraints based on physical knowledge. We have implemented and tested this methodology in R and compared its predictive accuracy against a variety of standard data-driven modeling procedures available in the Caret package, using leave-one-out cross validation. We present experimental results using data from a shale play with 152 horizontal wells that have cumulative production for more than 12 months. Our experiments show that using GAMs in most cases leads to better predictive accuracy than the standard data-driven estimation procedures available in Caret, possibly because they allow us to explicitly model the interaction between input variables that are known to be are physically related and to impose shape constraints based on known physical relationships between input variables and target variables. We conclude that it is possible to accurately estimate the effect of the completion parameters on the cumulative production when we ensure that the models obey physical constraints, i.e., that the cumulative production is a monotonic increasing function of lateral length and of proppant intensity. We also obtain effect plots showing the "sweet-spot" effect, i.e., the relationship between the location (x, y) in the field and the cumulative production. The novelty of this hybrid data-driven and knowledge-driven methodology is to allow the quantification of the effect of completion parameters and location on well production through the combination, in a principled way, of data available from existing wells with prior/expert knowledge regarding known physical constraints.
COMPETITION BETWEEN INTRAMOLECULAR VIBRATIONAL ENERGY REDISTRIBUTION AND METHYL GROUP INTERNAL ROTATION OBSERVED THROUGH DYNAMIC ROTATIONAL SPECTROSCOPY (2002)

Author Institution: Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia
TANK2, a New TRF1-associated Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerase, Causes Rapid Induction of Cell Death upon Overexpression (2001)

Tankyrase (TANK1) is a human telomere-associated poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) that binds the telomere-binding protein TRF1 and increases telomere length when overexpressed. Here we report characterization of a second human tankyrase, tankyrase 2 (TANK2), which can also interact with TRF1 but has properties distinct from those of TANK1. TANK2 is encoded by a 66-kilobase pair gene (TNKS2) containing 28 exons, which express a 6.7-kilobase pair mRNA and a 1166-amino acid protein. The protein shares 85% amino acid identity with TANK1 in the ankyrin repeat, sterile alpha-motif, and PARP catalytic domains but has a unique N-terminal domain, which is conserved in the murine TNKS2 gene. TANK2 interacted with TRF1 in yeast and in vitro and localized predominantly to a perinuclear region, similar to the properties of TANK1. In contrast to TANK1, however, TANK2 caused rapid cell death when highly overexpressed. TANK2-induced death featured loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, but not PARP1 cleavage, suggesting that TANK2 kills cells by necrosis. The cell death was prevented by the PARP inhibitor 3-aminobenzamide. In vivo, TANK2 may differ from TANK1 in its intrinsic or regulated PARP activity or its substrate specificity.
Practice Summary: Improved Reliability via Optimization in Residential Microgrids (2020)

Southern Company is an electric utility that is embracing residential microgrids as a platform for distributed energy. The first residential microgrid in the southeastern United States was constructed in Hoover, Alabama, as a testbed for development. To operate the microgrid, we developed an optimization model for unit commitment and economic dispatch. The optimization model was implemented in a microgrid central controller and tested under various operational scenarios. Challenges also include developing a pricing algorithm to deliver price forecasts to the residential homes in the microgrid and open-source software restrictions.
Method and apparatus for reducing mixed waste (2023)

The present invention is a method and apparatus for in-can waste reduction. The method is mixing waste with combustible material prior to placing the waste into a waste reduction vessel. The combustible portion is ignited, thereby reducing combustible material to ash and non-combustible material to a slag. Further combustion or heating may be used to sinter or melt the ash. The apparatus is a waste reduction vessel having receiving canister connection means on a first end, and a waste/combustible mixture inlet on a second end. An oxygen supply is provided to support combustion of the combustible mixture.
Excitation efficiency and field non-uniformity in ZnS-based thin-film electroluminescent devices grown by atomic layer epitaxy (1997)

Transient measurements of the excitation efficiency were performed in ZnS-based a.c. driven electroluminescent devices grown by atomic layer epitaxy. The results evidence the build-up of a bulk space-charge in the semiconductor layer from the first pulse on, even at low levels of the transferred charge (about ). At these levels, the semiconductor - insulator interfaces contribute to charge carrier injection and provide primary electrons for multiplication in the bulk. Models of space-charge generation by field emission from the bulk only are not compatible with experimental data. The multiplication rates seem rather high ; however, filamentary conduction may lead to an overestimation of .
Effects of Alkyl Analogues of Histamine and Metiamide on the Isolated Guinea Pig Heart (1981)

The effects of some substitutions in position 5(4) of the imidazole ring in the histamine and metiamide molecule were studied by means of isolated heart preparations from the guinea pig (atria and papillary muscle). Among the histamine analogues 5-methyl and 5-ethyl histamine were found to possess approximately the same intrinsic activity as histamine whereas 5-isopropylhistamine was shown to be absolutely inactive. Among the metiamide analogues the 5-ethyl derivative (etiamide) was found less effective than the parent substance but showed the same kind of competitive antagonism; the isopropyl derivative (isopropiamide) was found to be inactive up to a concentration of 3 X 10(-5) mol/l and to exert a non-competitive antagonism with 3 X 10(-4) mol/l. On the whole the atria and the papillary muscle preparations behaved quite similarly in regard to both the agonistic and the antagonistic compounds.
HBase in Action (2012)

When dealing with big data, traditional databases don't cut it. It's best to use the right tool for the job. HBase is a NoSQL storage system designed from the ground up for fast, random access to large volumes of data. Built on Hadoop, it runs on commodity hardware and scales from modest datasets up to millions of columns and billions of rows. HBase in Action provides all the knowledge needed to design, build, and run applications using HBase. First, it introduces the fundamentals of distributed systems and large scale data handling. Then, it explores real-world applications and code samples with just enough theory to explain practical techniques. It shows readers how to build applications with HBase and take advantage of the MapReduce processing framework as they learn patterns and best practices. ABOUT THE TECHNOLOGY HBase is an open-source, column-oriented database management system written in Java. It runs on top of the Hadoop Distributed File System (HDFS) and is fast enough to directly power websites and integrates tightly with the MapReduce processing framework, a programming model for processing large data sets. HBase has become the data backbone for production deployments worldwide in companies like StumbleUpon, Facebook, and Twitter.
Effect on Tumor Cells of Blocking Survival Response to Glucose Deprivation (2004)

Disruption of the UPR may provide a novel therapeutic approach to targeting glucose-deprived solid tumors.
Role of B7 Costimulatory Molecules in Mediating Systemic and Mucosal Antibody Responses to AttenuatedSalmonella entericaSerovar Typhimurium and Its Cloned Antigen (2004)

The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the ability of an attenuated Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium vaccine strain to up-regulate B7-1 and B7-2 on antigen-presenting cells and to examine the functional roles these costimulatory molecules play in mediating immune responses to Salmonella and to an expressed cloned antigen, the saliva-binding region (SBR) of antigen I/II. In vitro stimulation of B cells (B220+), macrophages (CD11b+), and dendritic cells (CD11c+) with S. enterica serovar Typhimurium induced an up-regulation of B7-2 and, especially, B7-1 expression. The in vivo functional roles of B7-1, B7-2, and B7-1/2 were evaluated in BALB/c wild-type and B7-1, B7-2, and B7-1/2 knockout (KO) mice following intranasal immunization with the Salmonella expressing the cloned SBR. Differential requirements for B7-1 and B7-2 were observed upon primary and secondary immunizations. Compared to wild-type controls, B7-1 and B7-2 KO mice had reduced mucosal and systemic anti-Salmonella antibody responses after a single immunization, while only B7-1 KO mice exhibited suppressed anti-Salmonella antibody responses following the second immunization. Mucosal and systemic antibody responses to SBR were reduced following the primary immunization, whereas a compensatory role for either B7-1 or B7-2 was observed after the second immunization. B7-1/2 double KO mice failed to induce detectable levels of mucosal or systemic immunoglobulin A (IgA) or IgG antibody responses to either Salmonella or SBR. These findings demonstrate that B7-1 and B7-2 can play distinct as well as redundant roles for mediating mucosal and systemic antibody responses, which are likely dependent upon the nature of the antigen.
Optical Guiding in 50-Meter-Scale Air Waveguides (2023)

The distant projection of high-peak and average-power laser beams in the atmosphere is a long-standing goal with a wide range of applications.Our early proof-of-principle experiments [Phys.Rev. X 4, 011027 (2014)] presented one solution to this problem, employing the energy deposition of femtosecond filaments in air to sculpt millisecond-lifetime sub-meter-length air waveguides.Here, we demonstrate air waveguiding at the 50-m scale, 60 longer, making many practical applications now possible.We employ a new method for filament energy deposition: multifilamentation of Laguerre-Gaussian LG 01 "donut" modes.We first investigate the detailed physics of this scheme over a shorter 8-m in-lab propagation range corresponding to 13 Rayleigh lengths of the guided pulse.We then use these results to demonstrate optical guiding over 45 m in the hallway adjacent to the lab, corresponding to 70 Rayleigh lengths.Injection of a continuous-wave probe beam into these waveguides demonstrates very long lifetimes of tens of milliseconds.
An Immersive Virtual Reality Therapy Application for Iraq War Veterans with PTSD: From Training to Toy to Treatment (2004)

Abstract : Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) is reported to be caused by traumatic events that are outside the range of usual human experiences including (but not limited to) military combat, violent personal assault, being kidnapped or taken hostage and terrorist attacks. Initial data suggests that 1 out of 6 Iraq War veterans are exhibiting symptoms of depression, anxiety and PTSD. Virtual Reality (VR) exposure treatment has been used in previous treatments of PTSD patients with reports of positive outcomes. The aim of the current paper is to briefly describe the rationale, design and development of an Iraq War PTSD VR therapy application created from assets that were initially developed for a combat tactical training simulation, which then served as the inspiration for the X-Box game entitled Full Spectrum Warrior.