gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Efficient Full Image Interactive Segmentation by Leveraging Within-image Appearance Similarity (2020)

We propose a new approach to interactive full-image semantic segmentation which enables quickly collecting training data for new datasets with previously unseen semantic classes (A demo is available at https://youtu.be/yUk8D5gEX-o). We leverage a key observation: propagation from labeled to unlabeled pixels does not necessarily require class-specific knowledge, but can be done purely based on appearance similarity within an image. We build on this observation and propose an approach capable of jointly propagating pixel labels from multiple classes without having explicit class-specific appearance models. To enable long-range propagation, our approach first globally measures appearance similarity between labeled and unlabeled pixels across the entire image. Then it locally integrates per-pixel measurements which improves the accuracy at boundaries and removes noisy label switches in homogeneous regions. We also design an efficient manual annotation interface that extends the traditional polygon drawing tools with a suite of additional convenient features (and add automatic propagation to it). Experiments with human annotators on the COCO Panoptic Challenge dataset show that the combination of our better manual interface and our novel automatic propagation mechanism leads to reducing annotation time by more than factor of 2x compared to polygon drawing. We also test our method on the ADE-20k and Fashionista datasets without making any dataset-specific adaptation nor retraining our model, demonstrating that it can generalize to new datasets and visual classes.
Low-frequency excess noise in YBa2Cu3O7−x dc superconducting quantum interference devices cooled in static magnetic fields (1994)

We have investigated the performance of YBa2Cu3O7−x dc superconducting quantum interference devices (SQUIDs) cooled in static magnetic fields, B0, of 0.01–1 mT. For fields less than the earth’s ambient field, about 0.05 mT, the white noise of the devices at 77 K is not materially affected. However, at a frequency f of 1 Hz the spectral density of the 1/f noise, SΦ (1 Hz), at 0.05 mT increases by an order of magnitude over that for zero field. Furthermore, SΦ (1 Hz) scales approximately linearly with B0, suggesting strongly that the noise originates in the motion of vortices in the YBCO film. This increase in noise is likely to be an issue for SQUIDs operated in the earth’s field.
An Algorithm for Parallel Assay Operations in a Restricted Sized Chip in Digital Microfluidics (2014)

Digital Microfluidic Biochips (DMFB) is revolutionizing many areas of Microelectronics, Biochemistry, and Biomedical sciences. It is also known as 'Lab-on-a-Chip' for its popularity as an alternative for laboratory experiments. Pin count reduction and cross contamination avoidance are some of the core design issues for practical applications. Nowadays, due to emergency and cost effectiveness, more than one assay operations are required to be performed simultaneously. So, parallelism is a necessity in DMFB. Having an area of a given chip as a constraint, how efficiently we can use a restricted sized biochip and how much parallelism can be incorporated are the objectives of this paper. The paper presents a design automation flow that augments parallelism in applications considering cross contamination problem as well.
Total synthesis of haliclamide (2016)

A stereoselective approach for the synthesis of haliclamide 1, a marine natural product, has been developed. The notable features of our synthesis include MacMillan cross aldol, Mitsunobu inversion, Yamaguchi-Hirao alkylation, Steglich esterification and macrolactamization reactions and the Corey-Fuchs protocol as the key steps.
ORIGINAL INVESTIGATIONS Antibodies to Topical Bovine Thrombin Correlate With Access Thrombosis (2000)

c Bovine thrombin is often used topically to promote hemostasis during vascular surgery, including dialysisaccess placement. Patients frequently develop antibodies to bovine thrombin preparations, and some may develop antiphospholipid antibodies. We evaluated 88 hemodialysis patients for the presence of antibodies to topical bovine thrombin to determine if elevated antibody levels correlated with vascular access thrombosis. Twenty-seven patients (30.7%) had elevated antibody levels to topical bovine thrombin. More patients with elevated antibody levels had prior vascular access thrombosis than patients with normal antibody levels (13 of 27 versus 5 of 61 patients; P F 0.001). This difference was almost entirely the result of greater levels of thrombosis in patients with polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) grafts and elevated antibody levels. In these patients, 11 of 13 patients (84.6%) with elevated antibody levels had a previous thrombosis compared with 2 of 15 patients (13.3%) with normal antibody levels (P F 0.001). Patients with elevated antibody levels and PTFE grafts also had more prior thromboses (1.92 6 1.60 versus 0.133 6 0.35 thromboses; P F 0.01) and a greater thrombosis rate (66.89 6 63.71 versus 4.65 6 12.05 thromboses/100 patient-years; P F 0.01) than patients with normal antibody levels. There were no differences in the frequency of myocardial infarction, coronary artery bypass, access age, presence of diabetes mellitus, platelet counts, anticardiolipin antibody, albumin, lactate dehydrogenase, or C-reactive protein levels. In conclusion, patients with PTFE grafts and elevated antibody levels to topical bovine thrombin had significantly more vascular access thrombosis. r 2000 by the National Kidney Foundation, Inc.
Toward mutual information based automatic registration of 3D point clouds (2012)

This paper reports a novel mutual information (MI) based algorithm for automatic registration of unstructured 3D point clouds comprised of co-registered 3D lidar and camera imagery. The proposed method provides a robust and principled framework for fusing the complementary information obtained from these two different sensing modalities. High-dimensional features are extracted from a training set of textured point clouds (scans) and hierarchical k-means clustering is used to quantize these features into a set of codewords. Using this codebook, any new scan can be represented as a collection of codewords. Under the correct rigid-body transformation aligning two overlapping scans, the MI between the codewords present in the scans is maximized. We apply a James-Stein-type shrinkage estimator to estimate the true MI from the marginal and joint histograms of the codewords extracted from the scans. Experimental results using scans obtained by a vehicle equipped with a 3D laser scanner and an omnidirectional camera are used to validate the robustness of the proposed algorithm over a wide range of initial conditions. We also show that the proposed method works well with 3D data alone.
Clinical severity of rhinovirus/enterovirus compared to other respiratory viruses in children (2014)

Children with HRV/ENT had a more severe clinical course than those with RSV and FLUA/B infections and often had significant comorbidities. These findings emphasize the importance of considering HRV/ENT infection in children presenting with severe acute respiratory tract infections.
Unsteady behaviour of the tip clearance vortex in a rotor equivalent compressor cascade (2009)

From earlier experimental investigations in a single-stage axial-flow pump and different numerical calculations of the flow in single-stage axial-flow compressors, it is known that vortex breakdown of the tip clearance vortex can take place in turbomachines, although an experimental proof for subsonic compressors is lacking. Vortex breakdown, if existent, is a source of high instability in the sensitive tip region of axial-flow pumps and compressors and will also play an important role in the stall inception process. Therefore, the flow in a linear compressor cascade with a 3 per cent tip clearance to one side has been investigated at different flow angles from the design point up to the stability limit of the cascade. The cascade resembles the tip section of a single-stage, axial-flow, low-speed compressor that is also in use at the Technical University of Braunschweig. The measuring techniques used were (a) a commercial particle image velocimetry (PIV) system and (b) a pressure measuring system with several flush mounted high-response pressure transducers at selected locations where the vortex was expected. As the cascade approaches its stall limit, the analysis of the pressure signals in the frequency domain revealed a bump of increased amplitude at a certain non-dimensional frequency for some of the measuring positions. The measuring positions that exhibited the bump correlated very well with a paraboloid-shaped region of high standard deviation enveloping an area of very low momentum fluid. It is shown that the frequency of the striking bump corresponds to the rotational frequency of the vortex calculated from the PIV measurements.
In-situ boric acid substractive process in the determinations of some transition metals in reactor coolant water by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry (1996)

Boric acid has a strong influence on the determination of corrosion products in reactor coolant water. Boric acid concentration can be as high as 13 g l–1. In this study we investigated the removal of boric acid from the sample matrix and the matrix effect of corrosion products. An out-of-core radiation field builds up in a pressurised water reactor because activated species (e.g., corrosion products such as Fe, Ni, Mn, Cr and Co) can re-deposit on out-of-core surfaces. Boric acid could be removed from the sample matrix in situ with a graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometer. The subtraction process takes place in the graphite tube. Under such conditions concentrated hydrofluoric acid was used to exhaust boron from the graphite tube. The formation of low boiling boron halides, mainly boron trifluoride, constitutes fast chemical reactions. The calculated limit of quantification (p= 0.05) is 0.5 µg l–1 in all investigated elements. Cobalt, Cr, Fe, Mn and Ni could be determined within that limit. It is also possible to improve the limits of quantification of the soluble species in all the investigated elements and remove the boric acid with use of the described preconcentration method. The powerful tool multiple linear regression, in conjunction with good experimental design, can be used to determine the dependence on the sample matrix being analysed, examine the interfering elements and verify the results. The method is applied routinely to analyse the coolant at the Loviisa Nuclear Power Plant.
Sun-induced fluorescence and gross primary productivity during a heat wave (2018)

Remote sensing of sun-induced chlorophyll fluorescence (SIF) has been suggested as a promising approach for probing changes in global terrestrial gross primary productivity (GPP). To date, however, most studies were conducted in situations when/where changes in both SIF and GPP were driven by large changes in the absorbed photosynthetically active radiation (APAR) and phenology. Here we quantified SIF and GPP during a short-term intense heat wave at a Mediterranean pine forest, during which changes in APAR were negligible. GPP decreased linearly during the course of the heat wave, while SIF declined slightly initially and then dropped dramatically during the peak of the heat wave, temporally coinciding with a biochemical impairment of photosynthesis inferred from the increase in the uptake ratio of carbonyl sulfide to carbon dioxide. SIF thus accounted for less than 35% of the variability in GPP and, even though it responded to the impairment of photosynthesis, appears to offer limited potential for quantitatively monitoring GPP during heat waves in the absence of large changes in APAR.
An Exploratory Spatial Analysis of Social Vulnerability and Smoke Plume Dispersion in the U.S. South (2015)

This study explores the spatial association between social vulnerability and smoke plume dispersion at the census block group level for the 13 southern states in the USDA Forest Service’s Region 8. Using environmental justice as a conceptual basis, we use Exploratory Spatial Data Analysis to identify clusters or “hot spots” for the incidence of both higher than average socially marginal populations and plume dispersion. The larger health disparities and environmental justice literature suggests that lower income and minority populations in the U.S. face greater exposure than middle/upper income, non-minority populations to environmental pollutants; however, we are aware of only a few studies examining this relationship in the context of population exposure to wildfires or prescribed fires in the U.S. South, despite the high occurrence of wildfires in the region. Analyses were conducted across five ecoregions in the South and for winter and spring/summer seasons. Results by ecoregion show significant spatial clustering of high social vulnerability block groups in the vicinity of block groups with a high number of smoke plumes (i.e., “hot spots”). Overall, however, socially vulnerable communities are not exposed to more smoke than non-socially vulnerable communities. Data limitations and suggestions for further research are discussed.
The kinase inhibitor imatinib mesylate inhibits TNF-α production in vitro and prevents TNF-dependent acute hepatic inflammation (2005)

Imatinib exerts potent antileukemic effects in vitro and in vivo. Despite its well known antitumor activity, the potential of imatinib for the treatment of inflammatory diseases remains elusive so far. Our current report provides strong evidence that imatinib has potent antiinflammatory effects. It potently inhibits LPS- and Con A-induced TNF-alpha production by human myeloid cells in vitro (peripheral blood mononuclear cells, CD14-selected monocytes, and monocyte-derived macrophages). Of note, the production of the antiinflammatory cytokine IL-10 was not significantly regulated by imatinib. In line with this observation, phosphorylation of IkappaB and subsequent DNA binding of NF-kappaB, which is critically involved in TNF-alpha, but not IL-10 expression, was reduced by imatinib. Using several murine models of acute hepatitis, we could corroborate our in vitro findings, as imatinib prevented macrophage- and TNF-alpha-dependent inflammatory damage of the liver induced by injection of either Con A or d-galactosamine/LPS by inhibition of hepatic TNF-alpha production. Of note, d-galactosamine/TNF-induced hepatitis was not affected, showing that imatinib does not directly inhibit TNF-alpha-induced hepatocellular cell death. These findings suggest a potent antiinflammatory role of imatinib by modulation of TNF-alpha production in monocytes/macrophages. This observation might be of therapeutic value for the treatment of TNF-mediated diseases.
Adding function to characterization: Combining mass spectrometry with surface plasmon resonance (2002)

Since Sir J.J. Thomson of the Cavendish Laboratory at the University of Cambridge constructed the first mass spectrometer (then called a parabola spectrograph) at the turn of the last century, mass spectrometry (MS) has become the most ubiquitous analytical technique in use today. It represents a powerful tool in the study of all substances, because it provides more information about the composition and structure of a substance from a smaller amount of sample than any other analytical technique. It is also a powerful quantitative tool. Femtograms (10 15 g) of carcinogenic pesticide residues can be quantitated and identified in foodstuffs, whereas a genetic abnormality can be characterized from mere femtomole (10 15 mol) quantities of a protein.
Some multimedia traffic characterisation and measurement results (1993)

Videoconferencing is becoming a commonplace facility. In the past this has been over dedicated lines, but increasingly, communities are experimenting with video and audio over today's packet switched digital networks without using very expensive quantities of bandwidth, in attempt to economise by using the existing communications infra-structure. This paper is about traffic characterisation and measurements made of experimental multimedia traffic. This includes conventional data, shared windowing applications, uncompressed audio slow scan video and compressed video. This work is intended to guide future developments in communications and operating systems. This work has been carried out under a number of programs, including the SuperJANET initiative and the RACE program projects CAR and PREPARE.
Drug Evaluation Review: Dupilumab in Atopic Dermatitis (2015)

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is characterized by type 2 helper T (Th2) cell-driven inflammation. Dupilumab is a fully human monoclonal antibody directed against the IL-4 receptor α subunit that blocks the signaling of IL-4 and IL-13, both key cytokines in Th2-mediated pathways. In Phase I and II studies of adults with moderate-to-severe AD, dupilumab administered as monotherapy or with topical corticosteroids resulted in rapid, significant improvements in clinical efficacy, patient-reported outcomes, and Th2-related serum and tissue biomarkers, and shifted the RNA expression profile of lesional skin to a more nonlesional signature. In all clinical studies to date, dupilumab has shown a favorable safety profile with no dose-limiting toxicity. The robust effects of dupilumab on skin inflammation and pruritus confirm the pathogenic role of IL-4 and IL-13 signaling in adult AD, and further support the application of Th2 cytokine antagonists in the treatment of this disease.
Feature extraction and tracking of a weld joint for adaptive robotic welding (2014)

Recent advances in automation and sensor technology have enabled the use of industrial robots for complex tasks that require intelligent decision making. Vision sensors have been the most successfully used sensor in many high value industrial applications. Over the recent years, weld seam tracking has been a topic of interest, as most of the existing robotic welding systems operate on basis of pre-programmed instructions. Such automated systems are incapable of adapting to unexpected variations in the seam trajectory or part fit-up. Applications such as tungsten inert gas (TIG) welding of aerospace components require high tolerances and needs intelligent decision making. Such decision making procedure has to be based on the weld groove geometry at any instance. In this study, a novel algorithm along with an automated system was developed for estimating the joint profile and path tracking of a three dimensional (3D) weld groove. A real-time position based closed-loop system was developed with a six axis industrial robot and a laser triangulation based sensor. The system was capable of finding the 3D weld joint profile and position in real-time, and make intelligent decisions accordingly. Raw data from a vision sensor was processed through a novel algorithm to obtain X and Z co-ordinates at an accuracy of 8.3μm and 43μm respectively at an acquisition speed of 2.5 profiles per second. The algorithm was also capable of measuring the weld gaps with an accuracy of 28μm. Finally, the developed system was successfully used for three dimensional seam tracking, and demonstrates an accuracy of ±0.5mm at a tracking a speed of 2mm/s.
RESULTS OF ACL GRAFTING IN PATIENTS AGED 40 TO 60 YEARS (2004)

Purpose: Evaluate outcome after isolated intra-articular ACL graft in patients aged 40 to 60 years using patellar bone-tendon and gracilis grafts. Material and methods: This retrospective comparative study included 30 consecutive patients who underwent arthroscopic surgery between September 1996 and September 1999 performed by the same operator: 14 patellar bone-tendon grafts and 16 gracilis grafts. The indication for surgery was knee instability in everyday or sports activities. Exclusion criteria were associated peripheral ligament plasty or bone procedures. The two populations were strictly identical except for gender and follow-up: patellar bone-tendon group: mean age 49 years, 12 men, follow-up 46 months, 6 associated menisectomies; gracilis series: mean age 48 years, 13 women, mean follow-up 30 months, 6 associated menisectomies. The IKDC score, laximetry (KT 2000), x-rays (AP, single stance lateral, 30° flexion) were used by two operators different from the operating surgeon to assess outcome. Results: At last follow-up, there was a significant difference between functional and anatomic outcome in the two groups. 83% of the patients were classed IKDC A or B. Subjectively, 90% of the patients were satisfied or very satisfied. The pivot test was negative in 24 (80%), doubtful in 5 and positive in 1. 86% of the patients had a differential laxity less than 3 mm. In the gracilis group, two patients developed chronic hamstring pain. In the patellar bone-tendon group, two patients developed persistent patellar pain. Two patients underwent a second procedure for meniscectomy. At last follow-up the x-rays demonstrated early signs of degeneration in 20% of the patients and signs of medial femorotibial degeneration in 10%. Discussion: Gracilis and patellar bone-tendon grafts provide strictly identical results; residual pain is not more prevalent after patellar graft; control of laxity is not less satisfactory after hamstring graft. In our series, ACL graft in patients over 40 years of age provided functional, laximet-ric, and radiographic results comparable to those in patients undergoing ACL grafts before the age of 40 years. Conclusion: 1) ACL graft can be indicated after the age of 40 years for patients with knee instability bothersome for everyday or sports activities. 2) Functional and anatomic results are identical with those obtained in younger subjects. 3) Irrespective of the graft used, patellar or hamstring, outcome is satisfactory and morbidity is not different.
Effects of Current-Induced Forces on Pt–Benzene–Pt Single-Molecule Junctions (2014)

From first-principles approaches, we investigate the torque exerted by the current-induced forces in a highly asymmetric molecular junction, where the benzene molecule is directly connected to the platinum electrodes. We observe that the curved flow of the current streamline around the tilted molecule can induce a net torque, which tends to rotate the benzene molecule, much like the way a stream of water rotates a waterwheel. The magnitude and direction of the net torque are determined by the detailed current density flowing through the molecular junction. Such an asymmetric molecular junction could offer an experimentally practical system for the exploration of an electrically controllable single-molecule motor. The idea given above is also supported by a simple physical model based on the Landauer–Büttiker formula in the tight-binding framework.
New Advances in the Management of Endodontic Pa in Emergencies (2004)

The development of more effective strategies for managing endodontic pain emergencies draws from the research of both clinicians and basic scientists. This review explores evidence-based approaches for managing endodontic pain emergencies and newly emerging pain management strategies based upon molecular, cellular and physiologic research into pain mechanisms.