gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
P‐209: Evaluation of Projection Schemes for the Liquid Crystal Polarization Grating Operating on Unpolarized Light (2006)

Abstract We report on our first experimental comparison of polarization‐independent projection schemes using the liquid crystal polarization grating (LCPG) modulator as the active element. This recently‐demonstrated LC grating has unique diffraction properties, and we evaluate its performance using the bright‐ and dark‐field Schlieren configurations and consider its use with a TIR‐prism assembly. Each scheme shows promise for high‐brightness and good‐contrast projection for different applications.
An overview of the development of combined oral contraceptives containing estradiol: focus on estradiol valerate/dienogest (2012)

Natural estrogens such as estradiol (E(2)) or its valerate ester (E(2)V) offer an alternative to ethinyl estradiol (EE). E(2)-containing combined oral contraceptives (COCs) have demonstrated sufficient ovulation inhibition and acceptable contraceptive efficacy. However, earlier formulations were generally associated with unacceptable bleeding profiles. Two E(2)V-containing preparations have been approved to date for contraceptive use: E(2)V/cyproterone acetate (CPA) (Femilar(®); only approved in Finland and only in women >40 years or women aged 35-40 years in whom a COC containing EE is not appropriate) and E(2)V/dienogest (DNG; Qlaira(®)/Natazia(®)). The objective of the current review is to provide an overview of the development of COCs containing natural estrogen, highlighting past issues and challenges faced by earlier formulations, as well as the current status and future directions. The majority of information to date pertains to the development of E(2)V/DNG.
NATURAL CONVECTION HEAT TRANSFER BETWEEN NON‐NEWTONIAN FLUIDS and an IRREGULAR SHAPED PARTICLE1 (1990)

ABSTRACT Natural convection heat transfer was investigated between aqueous solutions of sodium carboxymethylcellulose (modeled as power law fluids) and a mushroom shaped particle, under transient conditions, with various initial temperature differences. Convective heat transfer coefficients (h) were observed to decrease over time due to thermal equilibration. the average value of h was significantly higher for heating (75 to 310 w/m 2 ‐C) than for cooling (22 to 153 w/m 2 . C), and decreased with increasing viscosity (CMC concentration). For the lower viscosity ranges, h increased significantly with increasing initial temperature difference. Correlations were developed between Nusselt number and generalized Rayleigh and Fourier numbers.
Quantum Brownian motion without quantum correlations (2001)

We investigate the entanglement properties of the joint state of a distinguished quantum system and its environment in the quantum Brownian motion model. This model is a frequent starting point for investigations of environment-induced superselection. Using recent methods from quantum information theory, we show that there exists a large class of initial states for which no entanglement will be created at all times between the system of salient interest and the environment. If the distinguished system has been initially prepared in a pure Gaussian state, then entanglement is created immediately, regardless of the temperature of the environment and the non-vanishing coupling.
Influence of Carriage of Hemoglobin AS and the Fcγ Receptor IIa–R131Allele on Levels of Immunoglobulin G2 Antibodies toPlasmodium falciparumMerozoite Antigens in Gabonese Children (2005)

The higher rate of invasion of RBCs in the presence of multiple strains may indicate that several invasion pathways are solicited simultaneously, and the longer persistence of ring forms in RBCs from the subjects with hemoglobin AS might reflect a slower multiplication phase, leading to a longer circulation and enhanced phagocytosis of these nonpathogenic parasite forms. This may contribute to the protection against P. falciparum malaria observed in children with hemoglobin AS.
Traffic Engineering in SDN/OSPF Hybrid Network (2014)

Traffic engineering under OSPF routes along the shortest paths, which may cause network congestion. Software Defined Networking (SDN) is an emerging network architecture which exerts a separation between the control plane and the data plane. The SDN controller can centrally control the network state through modifying the flow tables maintained by routers. Network operators can flexibly split arbitrary flows to outgoing links through the deployment of the SDN. However, SDN has its own challenges of full deployment, which makes the full deployment of SDN difficult in the short term. In this paper, we explore the traffic engineering in a SDN/OSPF hybrid network. In our scenario, the OSPF weights and flow splitting ratio of the SDN nodes can both be changed. The controller can arbitrarily split the flows coming into the SDN nodes. The regular nodes still run OSPF. Our contribution is that we propose a novel algorithm called SOTE that can obtain a lower maximum link utilization. We reap a greater benefit compared with the results of the OSPF network and the SDN/OSPF hybrid network with fixed weight setting. We also find that when only 30% of the SDN nodes are deployed, we can obtain a near optimal performance.
Analysis and Customization of Rocker Arm Joint Sliding Velocity (2009)

This paper examines how the sliding motion between a rocker arm and a valve stem tip can be adjusted by reshaping the rocker pad surface. The valve tip is assumed flat, and the rocker arm and valve stem are assumed to lie in a common plane. It is shown that the rubbing velocity between a rocker arm and a valve stem tip, as well as the curvature of the rocker arm pad, may be determined from two features of the contact: (1) the contact point path between the rocker arm and the valve stem tip and (2) the angle that the valve stem tip makes with the line connecting the rocker pivot to the zero-lift point of contact. An algorithm is presented for determining a rocker arm surface from a prescribed contact point path and valve angle. The derived technique enables customization of rocker arm pad curvature and rocker arm joint sliding velocity.
X-linked Retinitis Pigmentosa in Japan: Clinical and Genetic Findings in Male Patients and Female Carriers (2019)

X-linked retinitis pigmentosa (XLRP) is a type of severe retinal dystrophy, and female carriers of XLRP demonstrate markedly variable clinical severity. In this study, we aimed to elucidate the clinical findings of male patients with and female carriers of XLRP in a Japanese cohort and demonstrate the genetic contribution. Twelve unrelated families (13 male patients, 15 female carriers) harboring pathogenic mutations in <i>RPGR</i> or <i>RP2</i> were included, and comprehensive ophthalmic examinations were performed. To identify potential pathogenic mutations, targeted next-generation sequencing was employed. Consequently, we identified 11 pathogenic mutations, of which five were novel. Six and five mutations were detected in <i>RPGR</i> and <i>RP2</i>, respectively. Only one mutation was detected in ORF15. Affected male patients with <i>RP2</i> mutations tended to have lower visual function than those with <i>RPGR</i> mutations. Female carriers demonstrated varying visual acuities and visual fields. Among the female carriers, 92% had electroretinographical abnormalities and 63% had a radial autofluorescent pattern, and the carriers who had higher myopia showed worse visual acuity and more severe retinal degeneration. Our results expand the knowledge of the clinical phenotypes of male patients with and female carriers of XLRP and suggest the possibility that <i>RP2</i> mutations are relatively highly prevalent in Japan.
BIRICODAR (VX-710; Incel™): an effective chemosensitizer in neuroblastoma (1999)

Clinical studies have suggested that both MDR1 and MRP may play a significant role in the chemosensitivity and outcome of neuroblastoma. To clarify the nature of multidrug resistance (MDR) in this tumour a series of six neuroblastoma cell lines have been characterized with regard to P-glycoprotein, MRP and LRP expression using immunocytochemistry and expression of MDR1, MRP, LRP and topoisomerase II genes using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). By RT-PCR, all lines expressed MRP, five expressed LRP and four expressed MDR1, but protein levels of each of these were variable. Chemosensitization to a range of MDR-associated drugs (vincristine, doxorubicin, etoposide, taxotere, topotecan) and non-MDR-associated drugs (cisplatin, melphalan) by three modulating agents, cyclosporin A, PSC 833 and the novel Biricodar (VX-710; Incel™), was evaluated using a colourimetric cytotoxicity assay (MTS). Alteration of daunorubicin efflux by these agents was evaluated using FACS analysis. Clonogenic assay was used to study the influence of these chemosensitizers on vincristine cytotoxicity. Marked sensitization to vincristine was observed in MDR1-positive lines, and a similar but less consistent effect was seen with taxotere, doxorubicin and etoposide. With MRP-positive, MDR-negative lines, only VX-710 caused consistent sensitization. These data confirm MDR1 and MRP expression as contributory factors in chemoresistance in neuroblastoma and indicate that VX-710 may be a useful modulator of both mechanisms and worthy of clinical evaluation in this tumour.
Effects of Phase-Cancellation on Scattering Measurements (1982)

Piezoelectric transducers are sensitive to the phase of the incident pressure. When measuring the transmission properties of inhomogeneous materials which distort the shape of the wave front, a substantive error results if a phase-sensitive transducer is used as a receiver due to the phase-cancellation effect. This artifact has been found also to exist for reflected and scattered waves. A computer model has been used to quantify the influence of this artifact on backscattered waves by examining the average pressure received by a phase-sensitive transducer for point, linear, rectangular, and random arrays and random volume distributions of scatterers as a function of transducer diameter, the distance between the transducer and the scatterers, and the number of scatterers, at several frequencies.
Das Hirsch Institut für Tropenmedizin. Asella, Äthiopien (2019)

Das Hirsch-Institut für Tropenmedizin (HITM) wurde 2013 als Außenstelle der Klinik für Gastroenterologie, Hepatologie und Infektiologie der Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf unter Leitung von Professor Dieter Häussinger eröffnet. Das HITM dient dem Zweck des Wissenstransfers in den Bereichen Wissenschaft und Medizin, der Ausbildung von Ärzten sowie der Durchführung wissenschaftlicher Projekte im Bereich der Infektions- und Tropenmedizin. Der vorliegende Band berichtet über die bisherigen Aktivitäten des Instituts, seine Historie und Perspektiven und erlaubt darüber hinaus auch einen Blick hinter die Kulissen des Aufbaus eines Instituts in Afrika und auf die Lebensumstände und Eindrücke der Mitarbeiter.
Solar Electric Technologies and Applications (2003)

ABSTRACT Solar electric power or photovoltaics (PV) utilize sunlight to produce electricity. PV cells are connected to create modules that, along with the balance of system, comprise a PV system. The electrical output of a PV system is determined by using design models, or measuring actual performance over a period of time. PV is a versatile, modular technology that can be adapted for almost any application, including residential and commercial applications, using a variety of business strategies. The costs of PV have decreased for large applications; however for smaller systems, the costs remain unstable. Cost is only one of the barriers to commercialization; others include interconnection, an uneducated market, and technology reliability issues. SEPA's Solar Power Solutions program has been designed to address these and other barriers.
Repetitive Transient Phosphodiesterase-3 Inhibition Eliminates Non-ischemic Cardiac Remodeling and Failure (2012)

Background: Established therapies against chronic heart failure (CHF) like beta-blockade or renin-angiotensin inhibition still remain insufficient to conquer CHF, mainly because of the presence of non-responder or intolerability because of extremely low cardiac output. Recent report including ours revealed that transient administration of phosphodiesterase- 3 (PDE-III) inhibitor and subsequent PKA activation mimic preconditioning, reduce infarct size and restore cardiac function after myocardial infarction. Since PDE-III inhibition increases cardiac output, we tested whether intermittent transient PDE-III inhibition is also applicable to preventing non-ischemic cardiac remodeling and failure. Methods and Results: Male Wistar-Kyoto rats underwent inhibition of nitric oxide synthase by L-NAME for 8 weeks, in the presence or absence of PDE-III inhibitor olprinone by gavage once a day, 3 times a week. L-NAME specifically increased blood pressure, promoted LV hypertrophy and remodeling. Hydralazine totally canceled blood pressure increase but unaffected LV remodeling and reduced contraction, as reported previously. Olprinone was well tolerated and reduced LV hypertrophy, fibrosis and wet lung weight/body weight ratio but unchanged high blood pressure afforded by L-NAME, suggesting that olprinone inhibited the progression of cardiac remodeling and failure beyond blood pressurelowering. Furthermore, LV infiltration of polymorphic neutrophils induced by L-NAME was eliminated by olprinone. Conclusion: The intermittent transient PDE-III inhibition elicits cardioprotection against non-ischemic heart failure beyond hemodynamic effects, and the inhibition of inflammatory change might be involved in pathophysiology. Since PDE-III inhibition provides positive inotropic effect, this therapy might be a widely acceptable option for patients even with poor response to conventional therapies or severely low cardiac output. Keywords: Cardiac hypertrophy, fibrosis, heart failure, inflammation, inodilator, intermittent, L-NAME, low output, nitric oxide, phosphodiesterase, polymorphonuclear neutrophils, preconditioning, remodeling
Magnetic domain structures of Co22Ag78 granular films observed by magnetic force microscopy (1998)

A magnetic force microscope (MFM) was used to image the topography and magnetic microstructures of Co22Ag78 granular films. The observed morphology shows isolated nanometer-scale cobalt particles (granules) embedded in the silver matrix. Stripe magnetic domains with much larger size (typically of ∼100 nm wide) than that of cobalt particles are resolved clearly on MFM micrographs for the annealed samples. It is demonstrated that the domain width and the relative magnetic force strength first increases and then decreases with annealing temperature with a maximum at about 600 K. We suggest that the appearance of the stripe domains is attributed to magnetic correlation among many of the isolated single-domain cobalt particles and is dependent on the microstructure of the samples.
Improvements in Simulating a Mach 0.80 Transonic Truss-Braced Wing Configuration using the Spalart-Allmaras and k-ω SST Turbulence Models (2021)

View Video Presentation: https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2021-1531.vid Teams from the NASA Ames Research Centers (ARC) and Langley Research Center (LaRC) have been working on validating their computational fluid dynamics (CFD) results for the Boeing Mach 0.80 Transonic Truss-Braced Wing (TTBW) configuration. Experimental data used for the validation were gathered from a test conducted of a 4.5% scale Mach 0.80 TTBW model in the NASA Ames Research Center 11- by 11-Foot Transonic Wind Tunnel. The CFD simulations were initially run with both LAVA and USM3D Mixed Element solvers utilizing the Spalart-Allmaras (SA) turbulence model. A discrepancy was observed between CFD and experimental loads and moments ranging on average from 0.047 to 0.063 for lift coefficient, 16.5 to 27 in drag counts, and -0.02 to -0.032 for pitching moment, varying with the solver used. With introducing the refactored version of LAVA these values dropped to 0.034 to 0.047 for lift coefficient, 7.74 to 16.5 in drag counts, and lastly -0.012 to -0.02 for pitching moment. Based on findings from Boeing, who observed an improved comparison to experimental data when using the k-ω Shear Stress Transport (SST) turbulence model, the NASA teams conducted simulations with SST to investigate turbulence modeling sensitivities. OVERFLOW and USM3D V6 solvers were used for the comparison of SST and SA simulations. CFD results using the SST turbulence model demonstrate an improvement in matching with experimental CL values, reducing the discrepancies seen by 0.021-0.055 (62-93% reduction in discrepancy respective to the OVERFLOW and USM3D V6). The SST model has varying effects on CD, based on the solver / grid paradigm; for USM3D this prediction is only improved at higher angles of attack (above the cruise design point) resulting in a reduced discrepancy of 8.8 – 25 drag counts However, at the mid-to-low angles of attack, SST increases the CD discrepancy by 4-55 counts, increasing at lower angles of attack. For OVERFLOW this discrepancy only exists at the low angles of attack and maxes out at 10 counts of drag. Above α = 1.5° OVERFLOW SST reduces discrepancy by 9.3 drag counts on average.
Organic disulfides and related substances. 46. Derivatives of 2-(benzylsulfinyl)ethanethiol (1986)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTOrganic disulfides and related substances. 46. Derivatives of 2-(benzylsulfinyl)ethanethiolRamesh Chandra and Lamar FieldCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1986, 51, 10, 1844–1848Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1986Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1986https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00360a035https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00360a035research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views180Altmetric-Citations10LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Significant Precipitation Strengthening in Extruded Mg‐Sn‐Zn Alloys (2014)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Experimental Procedure Results and Discussions Summary Acknowledgement
Peripheral metal complexes: chlorophyll "isomers" with magnesium bound to the ring E .beta.-keto ester system (1978)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPeripheral metal complexes: chlorophyll "isomers" with magnesium bound to the ring E .beta.-keto ester systemHugo Scheer and Joseph J. KatzCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1978, 100, 2, 561–571Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1978Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1978https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00470a034https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00470a034research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views213Altmetric-Citations28LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Evidence for the presence of disulfide bridges in opioid receptors essential for ligand binding. Possible role in receptor activation (1989)

The mobility of purified mu opioid binding protein in SDS-polyacrylamide gek electrophoresis is sensitive to the presence of reducing agents. In the presence of increasing concentrations of DTT the apparent molecular weight increases in a stepwise fashion from 53 kDa to 65 kDa. This reduction in mobility is attributed to the successive breakage of disulfide bridges, resulting in an increasingly asymmetric molecule. Treatment of cell membranes from various brain areas with reducing agents, such as DTT, produced a concentration-dependent inhibition of opioid binding. Sensitivity to DTT inhibition varied between receptor types, mu greater than delta much greater than kappa. For mu receptors, agonist binding was considerably more sensitive to DTT than antagonist binding. Inhibition by DTT is readily reversible and is unaffected by Na+ and/or Mg2+ ions. Reversibility may be partially prevented by the inclusion of a low concentration of a reducing reagent such as glutathione which does not inhibit binding but blocks reformation of disulfide bonds. Scatchard analysis of saturation data shows that DTT causes a pronounced decrease in binding affinity with little effect on receptor number. It is suggested that disulfide bonds are essential for ligand binding and that cleavage of one or more of these bonds may play a role in opioid receptor activation by agonists.
Vibrio2005: the First International Conference on the Biology of Vibrios (2006)

Made available in DSpace on 2015-11-27T13:05:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 pmed_16788166.pdf: 154011 bytes, checksum: c080e75ba105e6dc960a22337f001c5e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006
Effect of Mo6S3I6nanowires on the dielectric properties of poly(ϵ-caprolactone) (2013)

The broadband dielectric properties of composites of poly(ϵ-caprolactone) (PCL) and Mo6S3I6 (MoSI) nanowires at loadings up to 5 wt% were investigated. Three different relaxations were observed for these composites, two relaxations are associated with the polymer matrix and the lower temperature relaxation originates from the nanowires. No significant increase in a.c. conductivity was observed when the nanowires were introduced to the polymer. The only impact of nanowires on the polymer was seen at lower temperatures (T < 100 K), where another relaxation occurs when the concentration of nanowires was increased. Temperature dependency of relaxation time follows Arrhenius behavior. Activation energy was determined and it is concentration independent.
Type Cultures and Proposed Neotype Cultures of Some Species in the Genus Bacillus (1964)

SUMMARY: Type cultures or proposed neotype cultures of 20 species in the genus Bacillus are listed, together with their histories and their accession numbers in the American Type Culture Collection, the National Collection of Industrial Bacteria and the National Collection of Type Cultures.