gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Ability of Bacillus subtilis protoplasts to repair irradiated bacteriophage deoxyribonucleic acid via acquired and natural enzymatic systems (1981)

A novel form of "enzyme therapy" was achieved by utilizing protoplasts of Bacillus subtilis. Photoreactivating enzyme of Escherichia coli was successfully inserted into the protoplasts of B. subtilis treated with polyethylene glycol. This enzyme was used to photoreactivate ultraviolet-damaged bacteriophage deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). Furthermore, in polyethylene glycol-treated protoplasts, ultraviolet-irradiated transfecting bacteriophage DNA was shown to be a functional substrate for the host DNA excision repair system. Previous results (R. E. Yasbin, J. D. Fernwalt, and P. I. Fields, J. Bacteriol. 137:391-396, 1979) showed that ultraviolet-irradiated bacteriophage DNA could not be repaired via the excision repair system of competent cells. Therefore, the processing of bacteriophage DNA by protoplasts and by competent cells must be different. This sensitive protoplast assay can be used to identify and to isolate various types of DNA repair enzymes.
Increased expression of annexin I is associated with drug‐resistance in nasopharyngeal carcinoma and other solid tumors (2009)

Adjuvant chemotherapy alongside radiotherapy is one of the effective therapies in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) treatment. However, the appearance of drug resistance is a major obstacle for anti-cancer chemotherapy and often causes failure of the chemotherapy. In this study, a drug-resistant gene annexin I (ANX-I) was identified by comparing differentially expressed proteins between a cisplatin (CDDP)-resistant NPC cell line CNE2-CDDP and parental CNE2 cells using 2-DE. When ANX-I was transfected into CNE2 cells, the CDDP resistance of CNE2 cells was dramatically increased. The drug-resistant ability of ANX-I was demonstrated by both in vitro and in vivo assays. The association of ANX-I expression with clinical features was also investigated. Increased expression of ANX-I was significantly associated with disease relapse in NPC (p<0.05). In breast and gastric cancer, increased expression of ANX-I was significantly associated with drug resistance (p<0.001) and poor prognosis (p<0.001), respectively. Taken together, our findings suggest that ANX-I plays an important role in drug resistance.
Coupling Satellite and Ground-Based Instruments to Map Climate Forcing by Anthropogenic Aerosols (2000)

Climate forcing by anthropogenic aerosols is a significant but highly uncertain factor in global climate change. Only satellites can offer the global coverage essential to reducing this uncertainty; however, satellite measurements must be coupled with correlative, in situ measurements both to constrain the aerosol optical properties required in satellite retrieval algorithms and to provide chemical identification of aerosol sources. This grant funded the first two years of a three-year project which seeks to develop methodologies for combining spaceborne lidar with in-situ aerosol data sets to improve estimates of direct aerosol climate forcing. Progress under this two-year grant consisted in the development and deployment of a new in-situ capability for measuring aerosol 180' backscatter and the extinction-to-backscatter ratio. This new measurement capacity allows definitive lidar/in-situ comparisons and improves our ability to interpret lidar data in terms of climatically relevant quantities such as the extinction coefficient and optical depth. Measurements were made along the coast of Washington State, in Central Illinois, over the Indian Ocean, and in the Central Pacific. Thus, this research, combined with previous measurements by others, is rapidly building toward a global data set of extinction-to-backscatter ratio for key aerosol types. Such information will be critical to interpreting lidar data from the upcoming PICASSO-CENA, or P-C, satellite mission. Another aspect of this project is to investigate innovative ways to couple the lidar-satellite signal with targeted in-situ measurements toward a direct determination of aerosol forcing. This aspect is progressing in collaboration with NASA Langley's P-C lidar simulator and radiative transfer modeling by the University of Lille, France.
Metallocene Catalysts Initiate New Era In Polymer Synthesis (1995)

RETURN TO ISSUEPREVNewsNEXTMetallocene Catalysts Initiate New Era In Polymer SynthesisWell-defined catalysts now allow producers to design polymers with exact properties and to create as yet unknown materialsANN M. THAYERView Author Information C&EN Northeast News BureauCite this: Chem. Eng. News 1995, 73, 37, 15–20Publication Date (Print):September 11, 1995Publication History Published online12 November 2010Published inissue 11 September 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cen-v073n037.p015https://doi.org/10.1021/cen-v073n037.p015newsACS PublicationsCopyright © 1995 American Chemical SocietyArticle Views39Altmetric-Citations44LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options SUBJECTS:Catalysts,Sandwich compounds Get e-Alerts
Abstract 1918 P122 Protein, a Positive Regulator for Phospholipase C-σ1, Is Upregulated and Involved in Enhanced Calcium Signaling in Human Coronary Spasm (2008)

We previously showed that the activity of phospholipase C (PLC)-σ1, a key enzyme for Ca 2+ signaling in the coronary artery smooth muscle, was enhanced threefold in patients with coronary spastic angina (CSA) compared with control subjects. Structural mutation of PLC-σ1 (864G-A) variant with the amino acid replacement of arginine 257 by histidine is one mechanism for the enhanced PLC-σ1 activity, but this was observed in only 10% of CSA patients. PLC-σ1 was shown to be positively regulated by p122 protein. We examined the possible role of p122 protein in the mechanism for enhanced PLC-σ1 activity. In 11 patients with CSA and 9 control subjects without CSA, skin fibroblasts were obtained at the coronary angiography and were cultured. Protein and gene expressions of p122 were determined by Western blot analysis and real-time quantitative RT-PCR, respectively. The protein expression of p122 was enhanced in CSA threefold compared with control subjects (237±17 vs 85±13 units, p&lt;0.0001). The gene expression of p122 was also enhanced in CSA by 36.1±8.7% compared with control (p&lt;0.01). We further examined whether the upregulated p122 protein is associated with the enhancement of intracellular Ca 2+ signaling. Human embryonic kidney cells (HEK293) were cultured and transfected by muscarine M1 receptor. In the cells expressing normal PLC-σ1, acethylcholine (ACh) at 10 −6 and 10 −5 mol/L caused a dose-dependent, rapid transient increase in [Ca 2+ ] i followed by a lower but sustained phase of the increase. We further transfected the HEK293 cells by p122, which resulted in the increased expression of p122 protein two-to threefold. [Ca 2+ ] i at baseline was 23±1 nmol/L in the cells without p122 transfection and 39±2 nmol/L in those with p122 (P&lt;0.01). The peak increase in [Ca 2+ ] i from the baseline after ACh was significantly greater in the cells transfected with p122 than in those without transfection (68±6 versus 33±4 nmol/L at 10 −6 mol/L Ach, and 128±11 versus 67±8 nmol/L at 10 −5 mol/L ACh, both P&lt;0.01). The sustained phase of [Ca 2+ ] i increase was prolonged in the cells with p122 transfection compared with those without transfection. In conclusion, the enhanced p122 protein expression is involved in the pathogenesis of CSA by enhancing intracellular Ca 2+ signaling.
Impact of Courageous Followership towards Promoting Exemplary Leadership (2021)

The current study focuses not only on developing leadership but also emphasizes the crucial role of employing the concept of followership effectively. The reason for this is that the leadership concept in the organization may not be effective without followership. Therefore, to obtain exemplary leadership, followership has to be inculcated, and that of courage embedded in it. The current study applied to reverse the lens approach in leadership and hypothesized the relation between courageous followership and exemplary leadership. The sample size of 255 was used for this research, chosen by employing convenience-sampling techniques due to Covid-19 conditions and restrictions. The data were screened and then using SPSS did analysis. The results show that courageous followership had an impact on exemplary leadership, meaning that courageous followers would promote exemplary leadership practices in the organizations, which can be very useful for organizations to understand and promote.
The Role of Androgen Receptor Mutations in Prostate Cancer Progression (2009)

Prostate tumour growth is almost always dependent upon the androgen receptor pathway and hence therapies aimed at blocking this signalling axis are useful tools in the management of this disease. Unfortunately such therapies invariably fail; and the tumour progresses to an "androgen-independent" stage. In such cases androgen receptor expression is almost always maintained and much evidence exists to suggest that it may still be driving growth. One mechanism by which the receptor is thought to remain active is mutation. This review summarises the present data on androgen receptor mutations in prostate cancer, and how such substitutions offer a growth advantage by affecting cofactor interactions or by reducing ligand specificity. Such alterations appear to have a subsequent effect upon gene expression suggesting that tumours may "behave" differently dependent upon the ligand promoting growth and if a mutation is present.
The usefulness of rabbits as an animal model for the neuropathological assessment of neurotoxicity following the administration of vincristine. (2000)

Vincristine is an effective chemotherapeutic agent for a variety of human neoplasms, but has dose-limiting neurotoxicity. Since laboratory rodents have proven to be refractive in such neurotoxicological studies, we conducted a neuropathological and behavioral assessment in rabbits treated with vincristine at doses known to be both chemotherapeutically effective and neurotoxic in humans. Rabbits (Kbl: NZW) were given vincristine intravenously at doses of 0 (saline), 200, 250 or 300 microg/kg once a week for 6 weeks, 500 microg/kg once a week for 3 weeks, or a single 500 microg/kg administration. Detailed periodic neurologic examination revealed ataxia in a few animals. Pathologically, axonal injury progressing to fiber degeneration was observed in sensory tracts such as the posterior spinocerebellar tract and posterior funiculus, and in peripheral nerves after treatment with vincristine. These alterations were observed even after a single dose of 500 microg/kg. In the group given weekly doses of 500 microg/kg, neuronal chromatolysis was also found in the spinal cord. These results suggest the rabbit is responsive to vincristine neurotoxicity producing a predominantly sensory neuropathy and confirming earlier studies.
Interaction of Exogenous Butyrylcholinesterase with β-Amyloid Plaques in 5XFAD/Butyrylcholinesterase-Knockout Mouse Brain (2021)

The association of BChE with Aβ plaques, and the resultant biochemical changes, suggests that BChE may undergo a conformational change when bound to Aβ plaques but not neurons. The 5XFAD/BChE-KO model is ideally suited to explore the binding mechanism of BChE to Aβ plaques as well as the involvement of BChE in AD pathogenesis.
Micro Alkaline Fuel Cell supported by MEMS-based Backbone (2019)

Abstract This work presents the application of nitride membranes produced with Si-MEMS-technology as a platform to build up new membrane-electrode assemblies (MEA) for alkaline fuel cells. Active alkaline fuel cell MEAs were combined by integrating hydroxide permeable electrolyte into micro-channels of 1 μm diameter in 5 to 10 μm thick MEMS-based membranes. A platinum catalyst was sprayed onto the surface and an electric conductive layer was applied on top. Taking advance of the small form factor these fuel cells can be applied in small devices with low energy demand.
Special Section on Prediction of Human Pharmacokinetic Parameters from In Vitro Systems Meeting the Challenge of Predicting Hepatic Clearance of Compounds Slowly Metabolized by Cytochrome P450 Using a Novel Hepatocyte Model, HepatoPac (2013)

Generating accurate in vitro intrinsic clearance data is an important aspect of predicting in vivo human clearance. Primary hepatocytes in suspension are routinely used to predict in vivo clearance; however, incubation times have typically been limited to 4–6 hours, which is not long enough to accurately evaluate the metabolic stability of slowly metabolized compounds. HepatoPac is a micropatterened hepatocyte-fibroblast coculture system that can be used for continuous incubations of up to 7 days. This study evaluated the ability of human HepatoPac to predict the in vivo clearance (CL) of 17 commercially available compounds with low to intermediate clearance (<12 ml/min per kg). In vitro half-life for disappearance of each compound was converted to hepatic clearance using the well stirred model, with and without correction for plasma protein binding. Hepatic CL, using three individual donors, was accurately predicted for 10 of 17 compounds (59%; predicted clearance within 2-fold of observed human in vivo clearance values). The accuracy of prediction increased to 76% (13 of 17 compounds) with an acceptance criterion defined as within 3-fold. When considering only low clearance compounds (< 5m l/ min per kg), which represented 10 of the 17 compounds, the accuracy of prediction was 60% within 2-fold and 90% within 3-fold. In addition, the turnover of three slowly metabolized compounds (alprazolam, meloxicam, and tolbutamide) in HepatoPac was directly compared with turnover in suspended hepatocytes. The turnover of alprazolam and tolbutamide was approximately 2-fold greater using HepatoPac compared with suspended hepatocytes, which was roughly in line with the extrapolated values (correcting for the longer incubation time and lower cell number with HepatoPac). HepatoPac, but not suspended hepatocytes, demonstrated significant turnover of meloxicam. These results demonstrate the utility of HepatoPac for prediction of in vivo hepatic clearance, particularly with low clearance compounds.
I n s i t u investigation of transport in semiconductors: A contactless approach (1985)

We present a spatially resolved contactless method for the study of electronic and thermal transport in semiconductors. The technique employs the deflection of a probe beam propagating through the material to measure thermal and electronic diffusivities, carrier lifetime, and surface recombination. This deflection results from both the thermally and electronically induced changes in the local index of refraction of the semiconductor.
Doxorubicin-incorporated polymeric micelles composed of dextran-b-poly(DL-lactide-co-glycolide) copolymer (2011)

DexbLG polymeric micelles incorporating doxorubicin are promising vehicles for antitumor drug targeting.
Repeated blood pressure measurements may probe directly an arterial property (2000)

In both 24h ambulatory and home blood pressure (BP) measurements the plot of systolic BP (Sys) versus diastolic BP (Dia) frequently fits well to a straight line with a slope (SLOPE) in the range of 1–2. We hypothesized that SLOPE reflects a mechanical property of the tested artery. To model the relation between SLOPE and arterial properties and to check its consistency in test cases. Intra arterial pressure P is assumed to be a function of the vessel volume (see figure). Sys and Dia correspond to the value of P at volumes that differ by the expansion ΔV of the artery due to the ventricular ejection. Under this assumption the proposed linear relation Sys = SLOPE*Dia + b is satisfied by a specific non-linear dependence of the pressure on the vessel volume (see figure). This dependence provides a simple expression for the arterial compliance C(P). The model predicts that 1) SLOPE= C(Dia)/C(Sys), i.e. increased SLOPE reflects greater “stiffening” between diastole and systole. With no such effect C is constant and SLOPE=1 corresponding to an elastic artery (see figure). 2) SLOPE =exp(ΔV/Ve), where Ve is a “natural scale” of arterial expansion over which arterial compliance varies appreciably. A meaningful SLOPE can be found using linear regression after filtering out deviant data when necessary. Comparison with literature data of 24h ambulatory monitoring and home BP measurements assesses the proposed linear relation between Sys and Dia and shows that normotensives have SLOPE close to 1, while hypertensives display a significantly higher value. The slope of the systolic versus diastolic BP in repeated measurements is an easily obtainable and physiologically meaningful parameter. Its clinical significance still needs to be assessed.
Detection and molecular characterization of Porcine astrovirus strains associated with swine diarrhea (2012)

Astrovirus has been reported to be associated with diarrhea in pigs. The current study was conducted for the detection and molecular characterization of astroviruses in diarrheic pigs submitted to the Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, University of Minnesota. Intestinal contents from 269 pigs were examined by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and 62% were found positive for astroviruses. Of the positive samples, 20% were positive for astrovirus alone while astrovirus with rotavirus was detected in 58% of the samples. The remaining 22% revealed the presence of astrovirus along with Porcine hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus, Transmissible gastroenteritis virus, or Porcine circovirus-2. Sequencing the capsid gene of 56 randomly selected samples confirmed them to be Porcine astrovirus type 4 (PAstV-4) with 58-100% nucleotide identity within these viruses. Phylogenetic analysis revealed 2 possible subgroups. The results indicate that PAstV is present on swine farms in the United States and that it may be associated with diarrhea either alone or in combination with other enteric viruses. Further studies are needed to determine strain diversity among porcine astroviruses so that appropriate control strategies can be devised and implemented.
Compact models for silicon carbide power devices (2004)

In order for circuit designers to fully utilize the advantages of the new SiC power device technologies, compact models are needed in circuit and system simulation tools. Models of silicon carbide power device characteristics were presented in this paper. Physics based models of VDMOSFET, output characteristics and switching vs gate resistance characteristics of SiC DiMOSFET were presented in this paper.
Future areas of research and expected advances in the nutrition of herbivores. (1995)

Collection Science update
SHORT REPORT: REQUIREMENT OF B CELLS FOR DELAYED TYPE HYPERSENSITIVITY–LIKE PATHOLOGY AFTER SECONDARY INFECTION WITH LEISHMANIA MAJOR IN RESISTANT C57BL/6 MICE (2003)

B cell-deficient C57B1/6 (microMT) mice were resistant to Leishmania major after both primary and secondary parasite challenge. However, unlike in wild-type mice, secondary infection in microMT mice was not accompanied by a marked delayed type hypersensitivity-like response, and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) levels were approximately half of those in wild-type mice. These results suggest that B cells are involved in IFN-gamma production and the pathology of secondary infection.
ChemInform Abstract: Chromophore‐Appended C60 and C70 Fullerenes: Anthracene and Pyrene Derivatives — Syntheses, Cyclic Voltammetry, and Spectra. (1998)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Finding Source of Electromagnetic Interference (EMI) to GPS Using a Network Sensors (2001)

Any electromagnetic interference (EMI) to GPS must invoke a fast location and removal response, because of the high military and civilian reliance on GPS. In this report, we present an approach, which is based on deploying a network of sensors to estimate the location of
EMI source. We believe that this approach provides some unique advantages. First, it includes the possibility of using a terrestrial and/or airborne network for finding interference to airborne receivers. Since a terrestrial network could surround an airport with a continuous
interference finding capability, such a network would be much less expensive than monitoring with a continuously airborne fleet of even unmanned air vehicles. It would also provide a quicker response than a strategy based on dispatching aircraft after the onset of interference. Such a terrestrial network need not be expensive since it could be
based on an abundance of cheap sensors rather than a few sensors at hardened sites. Second, the combination of different sensors may improve the positioning performance. In particular, our approach is likely to outperform the proposal to estimate interference location
by measuring power received by a top-mounted antenna on a banking aircraft.
Characterization of morphologic and mechanical properties of surgical mesh fabrics (1985)

The objective of this study is to use standard testing methods to characterize the currently available synthetic mesh fabrics in terms of their chemical, physical, mechanical, and morphologic properties. Three commonly used surgical mesh fabrics, Mersilene (Ethicon), Marlex (Davol), and Teflon (USCI), were used, and the tests reveal that they differ from one another chemically as well as configurationally. The experiment included an identification of the structure of the yarn and fabrics; a measurement of the porosity, pore size and shape; and a determination of tensile and bursting strength, flexural rigidity, and wrinkle recovery. A wide variation in structure and performance was observed among the three mesh fabrics. Mersilene mesh fabrics have the highest relative porosity, while Marlex and Teflon meshes have an equivalent, but lower value. Marlex meshes have the highest tensile and bursting strength followed by Teflon and Mersilene meshes. All three meshes have one common strength characteristic--a distinctive difference in tensile strength between the wale and course directions. Marlex mesh fabrics exhibit an immense flexural rigidity and poor wrinkle recovery, due mainly to the monofilament structure of the yarn. Mersilene and Teflon mesh fabrics have similar but considerably lower, flexural rigidity than Marlex. Thus, it is evident that the chemical nature of the constituent fibers, as well as the yarn and fabric structure, have a great effect on the performance of the resulting mesh fabrics. The availability of this characterization data can serve as the basis for a surgeon's selection of the most appropriate commercial surgical mesh fabric for each case, as well as to provide a foundation for the subsequent comparison of their in vivo performance.