gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
HadaNets: Flexible Quantization Strategies for Neural Networks (2019)

On-board processing elements on UAVs are currently inadequate for training and inference of Deep Neural Networks. This is largely due to the energy consumption of memory accesses in such a network. HadaNets introduce a flexible train-from-scratch tensor quantization scheme by pairing a full precision tensor to a binary tensor in the form of a Hadamard product. Unlike wider reduced precision neural network models, we preserve the train-time parameter count, thus out-performing XNOR-Nets without a train-time memory penalty. Such training routines could see great utility in semi-supervised online learning tasks. Our method also offers advantages in model compression, as we reduce the model size of ResNet-18 by 7.43× with respect to a full precision model without utilizing any other compression techniques. We also demonstrate a 'Hadamard Binary Matrix Multiply' kernel, which delivers a 10-fold increase in performance over full precision matrix multiplication with a similarly optimized kernel.
Ion exchange of synthetic zeolite X and Y with Co2+, Ni2+, Cu2+ and Zn2+ ions (1975)

The ion exchange of the bivalent transition metal ions Co, Ni, Cu and Zn on synthetic NaX or NaY zeolite is studied at 0.01 total normality at 5, 25 and 45°C. In spite of the near identical crystal radius of the 4 ions, there is a marked difference in the exchange isotherms. The maximum loading limits are temperature dependent and are not consistent with the static model of a definite exchange capacity in the big cavities, i.e., 82 % and 68 % in X and Y respectively. The selectivity in the small cages depends on the occupancy and type of ion present in the big cavities and vice versa. The overall selectivity of both X and Y zeolite for bivalent transition metal ions increases in the order Ni < Co < Zn < Cu. In addition to the ion hydration characteristics and ionic radius the exchange is governed by the coordination ability of the transition metal ion.
Aerogels: A Multiparameter Pressure–Temperature–Humidity Sensor Based on Mixed Ionic–Electronic Cellulose Aerogels (Adv. Sci. 8/2019) (2019)

In the article 1802128, Xavier Crispin and co-workers report a lightweight organic mixed ion-electron conducting aerogel capable of sensing pressure, temperature and humidity. The three individual parameters are read out electronically in one single device configuration, by using a strategy that combines electronic and ionic Seebeck effect with mixed ion-electron conduction of the elastic material.
Oxidative Desulfurization-Fluorination of Methyl Arenedithiocarboxylates. A Convenient Synthesis of Trifluoromethylated Aromatic Compounds (1992)

Abstract Trifluoromethyl-substituted aromatic compounds were obtained by oxidative desulfurization-fluorination reaction of methyl arenedithiocarboxylates using n-Bu4N+H2F3&amp;gt;− and 1,3-dibromo-5,5-dimethylhydantoin (DBH). Use of N-bromosuccinimide or N-iodosuccinimide instead of DBH afforded difluoro(methylthio)methyl-substituted aromatics.
A Survey of Mathematical Correction Procedures in X-Ray Spectrometry (1975)

X-ray spectrometry is an old technique dating back some sixty-odd years and although most of the early interest revolved around the qualitative aspects of the method it wasn't long before attempts were made to obtain quantitative data. One of the first recorded attempts was that by Coster and von Hevesey who in 1923 accurately determined the amount of hafnium in zirconium using tantalum as an internal standard. Glocker and Schreiber were the first to attempt calculation of X-ray characteristic line intensity from first principles although no attempt was made at that time to correct for secondary fluorescence. In von Hevesey's book, “Chemical Analysis by X-Rays,” published in 1932 , a whole chapter is devoted to what is called “Disturbing effects and their avoidance.” Among the effects discussed were primary and secondary absorbtion and third element effects. Matrix correction equations were developed although most of the quantitative work at that time was done using internal standards.
Separate effects of ischemia, hypoxia, and contractility on thallium-201 kinetics in rabbit myocardium. (1986)

The effects of hypoxia and ischemia, as well as altered contractility, on thallium-201 (201TI) kinetics were evaluated in 42 isolated isovolumetrically contracting rabbit hearts. In Group A, three subgroups (n = 7 each) were studied that had either normal flow and oxygenation, hypoxia and normal flow, or ischemic flow and normal perfusate oxygen content. In Group B, three subgroups (n = 7 each) were studied and all hearts had normal flow but the contractile state was either enhanced with isoproterenol or impaired by hypocalcemia. A hemoglobin-free buffer perfusate was used in all experiments and multiple timed collections of arterial and coronary sinus effluent were used to model myocardial isotope activity during 30 min of constant uptake followed by 30 min of tracer clearance. During ischemia, hypoxia and hypocalcemia peak developed pressure and peak positive and negative dP/dt were all significantly reduced when compared to normal hemodynamic parameters (p less than 0.01). As expected, isoproterenol significantly elevated these parameters (p less than 0.04). Myocardial 201TI kinetics were adequately described utilizing a bi-exponential model having a fast and slow component. Only ischemic hearts had significantly lower rate constants for 201TI uptake and clearance than normal hearts (p less than 0.001). The mean (+/- s.d.) myocardial uptake and clearance rates for 201TI (%/min) varied between 4.86 +/- 0.87 and 7.18 +/- 1.45 for the remaining groups of hearts. Therefore, myocardial 201TI kinetics appear to be dominated by coronary flow and may not reflect marked alterations in the metabolic and contractile state. These data suggest that normal 201TI uptake in impaired or hypercontractile cells, receiving normal flow, may not represent normal cellular function.
Cyclosporin-modulated chemotherapy with focal cryo/laser therapy (1994)

Chan, H SL; DeBoer, G; Kingston, J E; Koren, G; Thiessen, J J; Thorner, P S; Giesbrecht, E; Haddad, G; Verjee, Z; Abramson, D H; Hungerford, J L; Ling, V; Gallie, B LAuthor Information
Obesity and Multiple Sclerosis Susceptibility: A Review (2016)

Several studies conducted around the world over the last decade have demonstrated that early childhood and adolescent obesity are significant risk factors for MS susceptibility. This association has been largely confirmed in females, while evidence supporting a strong role for obesity and risk of MS in males has been mixed. Further, interaction between increased body mass index and genetic as well as environmental factors in MS susceptibility has been proposed, and evidence of a causal relationship has recently been established. In this review, we discuss findings supporting the significant association between obesity and MS, as well as identify areas for future investigation.
Bulk and Interfacial Contributions to the Debonding Mechanisms of Soft Adhesives:  Extension to Large Strains (2001)

The effects of surface treatment and bulk elastic properties on the debonding mechanisms of soft, thin adhesive layers have been investigated. The debonding mechanisms of two well-characterized pressure-sensitive adhesives were studied by performing probe tack experiments. These experiments consist of a bonding phase, where a flat steel punch is brought into contact with the adhesive layer, and a subsequent debonding phase, where the probe is pulled away from the surface. Effects due strictly to the surface were studied by modifying the probe surface with a grafted poly(dimethylsiloxane) monolayer. The surface properties are described by a critical energy release rate 𝒢o. The series of debonding events were governed by the quantity 𝒢o/E, where E is the elastic modulus of the adhesive. As this quantity increased, the adhesive failure modes shifted from (A) interfacial crack propagation to (B) cavitation within the adhesive layer followed by rapid adhesive detachment of the walls between cavities to (C) cavitation followed by extension of the adhesive to large strains.
Pilot Study Using SELDI-TOF−MS Based Proteomic Profile for the Identification of Diagnostic Biomarkers of Thyroid Proliferative Diseases (2006)

Biomarkers for thyroid cancer (TCa) lack specificity. To develop TCa specific biomarkers, SELDI-TOF-MS was used to examine the proteomic profile of biopsies obtained from papillary TCa along with adjacent normal tissue. Sixty-three potential biomarkers were categorized by univariate analysis into single biomarker candidates and segregated by multivariate analysis into normal and cancerous groups. Our studies demonstrate the sensitivity and reproducibility of this approach to detect biomarkers for TCa.
Path-Loss and Throughput Prediction of IEEE 802.11ad Systems (2015)

This paper presents a path-loss prediction analysis and a performance evaluation of the 60GHz IEEE 802.11ad standard. Received signal strength measurements were performed in indoor locations and the decay coefficients were estimated over a number of measured routes. Furthermore, real world maps were incorporated into a 3-D mm wave ray- tracing tool for the purpose of employing realistic channel matrices into an 802.11ad bit level simulator. Finally, performance metrics for various MCS modes are presented and analyzed for both Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) and Single Carrier (SC) transmissions.
Molecular systems on-chip (MSoC) steps forward for programmable biosystems (2004)

This work describes online programmable microfluidic bioprocessing units using digital logic microelectrodes for rapid pipelined translocation of DNA molecules and other charged biopolymers as well as nanoparticles. Fundamentals of the design and fabrication technique both the silicon-PDMS and a polyimide-PDMS based construction (a new method based on conventional printed circuit board materials) of these electronic microfluidic devices and their functions are described as well as the experimental results along with the first proof of principle functionality. The electronically controlled collection, separation and channel transfer of the biomolecules and nanosized beads are monitored by a sen-sitive fluorescence setup and controlled by a custom-designed hardware for camera-control and feature selection. This hybrid reconfigurable architecture couples electronic and biomolecular information processing via a single module combination of fluidics and electronics and opens new fields of applications not only in DNA computing and molecular diagnostics but also in applications of combinatorial chemistry and lab-on-a-chip biotechnology to the drug discovery process.
In Vitro Diffusion of Lidocaine Across Endotracheal Tube Cuffs (1989)

Smooth emergence from general endotracheal anesthesia is frequently complicated by coughing induced by stimulation from an endotracheal tube. Lidocaine and other local anesthetics have been shown to anesthetize important rapidly adpating stretch receptors in the dog trachea. With the aim of providing a reservoir for continuous lidocaine release to adjacent tracheal tissue, we examined the ability of clinically used concentrations of lidocaine to diffuse across a commonly used endotracheal tube cuff. Cuffs were filled with either 2% or 4% lidocaine and placed in a 200 mL bath with samples drawn at time intervals up to 360 minutes. Samples were then analyzed for lidocaine concentration. Another set of endotracheal tube cuffs were prefilled for one or 2.5 hours with 2% or 4% lidocaine, emptied, and then refilled with 2% lidocaine. They were then bathed and sampled as above. Cuffs exposed to 4% lidocaine during the prefilling or the diffusion stages resulted in significantly higher concentrations of lidocaine in the baths throughout the time course of the experiment, although all groups demonstrated a rise in the concentration of lidocaine in the baths with time. The highest concentration obtained was 17.49 +/- 2.03 micrograms/mL after 360 minutes. We conclude lidocaine diffuses across endotracheal tube cuffs in a fashion that may enable the cuff to serve a potentially useful role as a reservoir for local anesthetic. This in turn appears to have the potential to smooth emergence from general endotracheal anesthesia in those patients in whom tracheal stimulation may be a complicating factor.
(Keynote) Blood, Sweat and Tears... – Sensing of Human Performance Biomarkers in Bodily Fluids Using Point-of-Use Devices (2021)

Hormones produced by glands in the endocrine system and neurotransmitters produced by the nervous system control many bodily functions. The concentrations of these molecules in the body are an indication of its state, hence the use of the term biomarker. Excess concentrations of biomarkers, such as cortisol, serotonin, epinephrine, dopamine, are released by the body in response to a variety of conditions - emotional state (euphoria, stress), disease, etc. The development of simple, low-cost modalities for point-of-use (PoU) measurements of biomarkers levels in various bodily fluids (blood, urine, sweat, saliva) as opposed to conventional hospital or lab settings is receiving increasing attention. The presentation starts with a review of the basic properties of primary stress-related biomarkers: origin in the body (i.e. if they are produced as hormones, neurotransmitters or both), chemical composition, molecular weight (small/medium size molecules and polymers, ranging from ~100Da to ~100kDa), hydro- or lipo-philic nature. Next, a review of the published literature is presented regarding the concentration of these biomarkers found in several bodily fluids that can serve as the medium for determination of the condition of the subject: blood, urine, saliva, sweat and, to a lesser degree, interstitial tissue fluid. The concentration of various biomarkers in most fluids covers a range of 5-6 orders of magnitude, from 100s of ng/mL (~1µM) down to a few pg/mL (sub 1pM). Mechanisms and materials for point-of-use biomarker sensors are summarized and key properties are reviewed. Illustrative examples from the literature are discussed for several sensor device categories, including lateral flow (immuno)assay devices and microfluidic devices. Selected methods for detecting these biomarkers are reviewed, including antibody- and aptamer-based colorimetric assays, electrochemical and optical detection. Finally, the presentation outlines key challenges of the field and provides a look ahead to future prospects. A. J. Steckl and P. Ray, “A Review of Stress Biomarkers Concentrations in Bodily Fluids and Their Point-of-Use Detection”, ACS Sensors , 3 (10), 2025-2044, Sept 2018 ( 10.1021/acssensors.8b00726 ) V. Venkatraman and A. J. Steckl, “Quantitative Detection in Lateral Flow Immunoassay Using Integrated Organic Optoelectronics”, IEEE Sensors , 17 (24), 8343, Dec 2017 ( 10.1109/JSEN.2017.2764178 ). P. Ray and A. J. Steckl, “Label-Free Optical Detection of Multiple Stress Biomarkers in Sweat, Plasma, Urine and Saliva”, ACS Sensors 4 , 2019 . ( 10.1021/acssensors.9b00301 ) S. Dalirirad and A. J. Steckl, “Aptamer-Based Lateral Flow Assay for Point of Care Cortisol Detection in Sweat”, Sensors &amp; Actuators 283 , 79-86, Jan 2019 ( https://doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2018.11.161 ). Figure 1
Evidence for two protein‐lipoylation activities in Escherichia coli (1991)

The lipoate acyltransferase subunits of the 2-oxo acid dehydrogenase complexes are post-translationally modified with one or more covalently-bound lipoyl cofactors. Two distinct lipoate-protein ligase activities, LPL-A and LPL-B, have been detected in E. coli by their ability to modify purified lipoyl apo-domains of the bacterial pyruvate dehydrogenase complex. Both enzymes require ATP and Mg2+, use L-lipoate, 8-methyllipoate, lipoyl adenylate and octanoyl adenylate as substrates, and both activate lipoyl-deficient pyruvate dehydrogenase complexes. In contrast, only LPL-B uses D-lipoate and octanoate and there are differences in the metal-ion and phosphate requirements. It is suggested that LPL-B may be responsible for the octanoylation of lipoyl domains observed previously under lipoate-deficient conditions.
Structural study of a lead (II) organic complex – a key precursor in a green recovery route for spent lead‐acid battery paste (2014)

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND Lead citrate is an attractive precursor for the preparation of ultrafine leady oxide from the paste in spent lead‐acid batteries through a novel hydrometallurgical process, since the recovered lead oxide could be recycled for the production of new lead acid batteries. RESULTS Two different metal organic complexes were synthesized from lead sulfate from the paste of spent lead‐acid batteries in a leaching solution at two different initial pH values. Single crystals of the two precursors were obtained by conditioning and filtering from the leached solutions, and used for single crystal XRD analysis. At an initial pH of 3.5, the chemical formula of Precursor‐I is deduced to be Pb( C 6 H 6 O 7 )· H 2 O while at an initial pH of 5.2, the chemical formula of Precursor‐ II is Pb 3 ( C 6 H 5 O 7 ) 2 · 3H 2 O . CONCLUSIONS Both Precursor‐I and Precursor‐ II crystallize in the triclinic crystal system, with space group P‐1. This structural study on precursors sheds light on the mechanism of a paste‐to‐paste recovery route for the recovery of spent lead paste. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry
Anticancer activities of constituents of kava ( Piper methysticum ) (2005)

Crude extracts of kava (Piper methysticum G. Forster, Piperaceae) showed good activity against ovarian tumour and leukaemia cancer cell lines. Bioassay-guided isolation resulted in the isolation of six known kava lactones and two flavokavains. The structure of the compounds were elucidated by spectroscopic techniques and by comparison with data in the literature.
Response criteria for cutaneous SLE in clincal trials (2007)

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a complex phenotype characterized by a wide variety of clinical manifes- tations but the skin is involved in 70- 80% of patients. Acute cutaneous lupus erythematosus lesions, like other organ manifestations of SLE wax and wane with other manifestations of active disease and quantifying it is a useful a signal to screen new therapies in SLE and pre- and post-treatment biop- sies can be additionally informative. The ACR has recommended a priori re- sponse criteria for SLE Activity Meas- ures (2) and that these be used along with organ specifi c response criteria in clinical trials. We review the literature on evaluation of skin manifestations in lupus erythematosus (LE) and propose the parameters of evaluating respon- siveness and criteria for minimal clini- cally important changes in skin mani- festations. The Committee presents two options for grading skin manifesta- tions. These recommendations add to the tools of SLE trials.
Evaluating Combined Precursor Isotopic Labeling and Isobaric Tagging Performance on Orbitraps To Study the Peripheral Proteome of Alzheimer’s Disease (2020)

Combined precursor isotopic labeling and isobaric tagging (cPILOT) is an enhanced multiplexing strategy currently capable of analyzing up to 24 samples simultaneously. This capability is especially helpful when studying multiple tissues and biological replicates in models of disease, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). Here, cPILOT was used to study proteomes from heart, liver, and brain tissues in a late-stage amyloid precursor protein/presenilin-1 (APP/PS-1) human transgenic double-knock-in mouse model of AD. The original global cPILOT assay developed on an Orbitrap Velos instrument was transitioned to an Orbitrap Fusion Lumos instrument. The advantages of faster scan rates, lower limits of detection, and synchronous precursor selection on the Fusion Lumos afford greater numbers of isobarically tagged peptides to be quantified in comparison to the Orbitrap Velos. Parameters such as LC gradient, <i>m</i>/<i>z</i> isolation window, dynamic exclusion, targeted mass analyses, and synchronous precursor scan were optimized leading to >600 000 PSMs, corresponding to 6074 proteins. Overall, these studies inform of system-wide changes in brain, heart, and liver proteins from a mouse model of AD.
Effective Utilization of Blast Furnace Flue Dust of Integrated Steel Plants (2002)

Investigations were carried out on the effective utilization of blast furnace flue dust samples obtained from the two integrated steel plants at Rourkela and Jamshedpur. The samples essentially contained unburnt coke and iron rich grains as the value added products. Flotation technique was employed to recover the carbon values present in the sample. It was possible to obtain a product containing around 80% carbon with more than 90% recovery from both the flue dust samples using diesel oil and MIBC as the collector and frother respectively. The results obtained by the column flotation technique were quite encouraging due to its obvious advantages over conventional cells. Iron rich grains (magnetite, hematite, wustite & Fe metals) were recovered by low intensity magnetic separation (LIMS) technique. Magnetic separation of flotation tailings gave an iron concentrate of 61-64% Fe with 50-56% over all recovery. Studies were carried out also to remove the alkali content of the flue dust sample by scrubbing and washing, so that the material as a whole could be recycled for sinter making. However, total recovery of potassium was not possible because of its complex nature of association with other elements. © 2002 SDU. All rights reserved.
Use of Nonlinear Finite Element Analysis of Bone Density to Investigate the Biomechanical Effect in the Bone around Intervertebral Cages in Posterior Lumbar Interbody Fusion (2017)

Preventing subsidence of intervertebral cages in posterior lumbar interbody fusion (PLIF) requires understanding its mechanism, which is yet to be done. We aimed to describe the mechanism of intervertebral cage subsidence by using finite element analysis through simulation of the osteoporotic vertebral bodies of an elderly woman. The data from computed tomography scans of L2-L5 vertebrae in a 72-year-old woman with osteoporosis were used to create 2 FE models: one not simulating implant placement (LS-INT) and one simulating L3/4 PLIF using polyetheretherketone (PEEK) cages (LS-PEEK). Loads and moments simulating the living body were applied to these models, and the following analyses were performed: 1) Drucker-Prager equivalent stress distribution at the cage contact surfaces; 2) the distribution of damage elements in L2-L5 during incremental loading; and 3) the distribution of equivalent plastic strain at the cage contact surfaces. In analysis 1, the Drucker-Prager equivalent stress on the L3 and L4 vertebral endplates was greater for LS-PEEK than for LS-INT under all loading conditions and tended to be particularly concentrated at the contact surfaces. In analysis 2, compared with LS-INT, LS-PEEK showed more damage elements along the bone around the cages in the L3 vertebral body posterior to the cage contact surfaces, followed by the area of the L4 vertebral body posterior to the cage contact surfaces. In analysis 3, in the L3 inferior surface in LS-PEEK the distribution of equivalent plastic strain was visualized as gradually expanding along the cages from the area posterior to the cages to the area anterior to them with increased loading. These analyses suggested that in PLIF for osteoporotic vertebral bodies, the localized stress concentration generated by the use of PEEK cages may cause accumulation of microscopic damage in the fragile osteoporotic vertebral bodies around the cages, which may result in cage subsidence.