gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Profession-Based Person Search in Microblogs (2015)

We introduce the problem of searching for professionals in microblogging platforms. We describe a study of how a group of professional journalists with some common characteristics (e.g., works in a specific language, belongs to certain region, or specializes in a particular media) can be found. Starting from seed sets of different sizes, social network features and profile content features are used to find additional journalists. The results show that combining the social network features of the reciprocated mentions and a bidirectional friend/follower graph provides a signal stronger than either of them taken independently, that both social network and profile content features are useful, and that profile content features are able to find larger numbers of less prominent journalists. We apply our methods to find the Twitter accounts of British and Arab journalists.
Gene transfer of recombinant endothelial nitric oxide synthase to liver in vivo and in vitro (2000)

Endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS)-derived nitric oxide (NO) contributes to hepatic vascular homeostasis. The aim of this study was to examine whether delivery of an adenoviral vector encoding eNOS gene to liver affects vasomotor function in vivo and the mechanism of NO production in vitro. Rats were administered adenoviruses encoding beta-galactosidase (AdCMVLacZ) or eNOS (AdCMVeNOS) via tail vein injection and studied 1 wk later. In animals transduced with AdCMVLacZ, beta-galactosidase activity was increased in the liver, most prominently in hepatocytes. In AdCMVeNOS-transduced animals, eNOS protein levels and catalytic activity were significantly increased. Overexpression of eNOS diminished baseline perfusion pressure and constriction in response to the alpha(1)-agonist methoxamine in the perfused liver. Transduction of cultured hepatocytes with AdCMVeNOS resulted in the targeting of recombinant eNOS to a perinuclear distribution and binding with the NOS-activating protein heat shock protein 90. These events were associated with increased ionomycin-stimulated NO release. In summary, this is the first study to demonstrate successful delivery of the recombinant eNOS gene to liver in vivo and in vitro with ensuing NO production.
ChemInform Abstract: Some Nucleophilic Reactions of 2‐Isothiocyanatobenzyl Bromide. A New Simple Synthesis of 2‐Substituted 4H‐Benzo(d) (1,3)thiazines. (1987)

Abstract Bromination of o‐tolyl isothiocyanate (I) in the presence of benzoyl peroxide affords the title compound (II) in yields which vary due to the purity of (I) and to the amount of benzoyl peroxide.
Highly Efficient Nanocrystalline Zirconosilicate Catalysts for the Aminolysis, Alcoholysis, and Hydroamination Reactions (2013)

Nanocrystalline zirconosilicates and titanosilicates with MFI framework structure were hydrothermally synthesized by the addition of organosilanes in the synthesis composition of conventional zirconosilicate and titanosilicate materials. Materials were characterized by a complementary combination of X-ray diffraction, nitrogen sorption, scanning/transmission electron microscopy (S/TEM), ammonia temperature-programmed desorption (TPD), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, and ultraviolet–visible (UV-vis) spectroscopic investigations. Nanocrystalline zeolite catalysts of the present study are reusable. They exhibit significantly higher catalytic activities in aminolysis and alcoholysis compared with the hitherto known catalysts. A range of β-amino alcohols/β-alkoxy alcohols with high regioselectivity were synthesized using zirconosilicates. Application of these materials was also extended in the synthesis of aminoesters by the hydroamination reaction of methyl acrylates and amines. Structure activity relationship was explained based on acidity measurements, reactivity of amines/alcohols, and adsorption of reactants on catalysts.
Determination of the Sb/Si(111) interfacial structure by back-reflection x-ray standing waves and surface extended x-ray-absorption fine structure (1991)

Based on the surface extended x-ray-absorption fine-structure (SEXAFS) absolute surface coordination numbers, Woicik et al. [Phys. Rev. B 43, 4331 (1991)] argued that Sb trimers adsorb on the Si(111) surface in a modified ``bridge'' configuration rotated by 60\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{} relative to the atop ``milk stool'' geometry proposed by Abukawa et al. [Surf. Sci. Lett. 201, 513 (1988)]. Using the accurate near-neighbor bond lengths as determined from SEXAFS, these models predict perpendicular distances of 1.76 and 2.60 \AA{} between the top Si atoms and the Sb layer, respectively. New back-reflection x-ray standing wave data find the Sb atoms to reside 2.53\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.1 \AA{} above the Si surface, in clear support of the milk stool geometry. Polarization-dependent SEXAFS relative coordination numbers support the milk stool model as well.
The Thermal-Chemical Damage in Biological Material under Laser Irradiation (1970)

A mathematical model for thermal-chemical damage to biological materials excited by laser irradiation is described. The chemical rate equations for protein denaturization are used to predict radii of damage for cases where the input-laser-energy distribution results in the uniform heating of a small sphere or a disk. These rate equations are limited to a single-hit process. Experimental checks on this model are presented for ruby-laser irradiation of small carbon particles in egg albumin and for CO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> -laser surface heating of egg albumin.
Permanent magnet brushless motors for industrial variable speed drives (2002)

The paper describes aspects of product design optimization and manufacturing technology development for PM brushless motor drives specific to industrial applications. Low speed direct drive motors with high specific torque have been built using a high polarity flux concentrating rotor design with radial ferrites. High efficiency and/or reduced size synchronous motors, rated at 1500 rpm and higher, have been built using NdFeB magnets.
Host–Guest Interactions and Redox Activity in Layered Conductive Metal–Organic Frameworks (2020)

This paper describes the identification of specific host–guest interactions between basic gases (NH3, CD3CN, and pyridine) and four topologically similar 2-dimensional (2D) metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) comprising copper and nickel bis(diimine) and bis(dioxolene) linkages of triphenylene-based ligands using diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (DRIFTS), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy (EPR), and powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD). This contribution demonstrates that synthetic bottom-up control over surface chemistry of layered MOFs can be used to impart Lewis acidity or a mixture of Brønsted and Lewis acidities, through the choice of organic ligand and metal cation. This work also distinguishes differences in redox activity within this class of MOFs that contribute to their ability to promote electronic transduction of intermolecular interactions. Future design of structure–function relationships within multifunctional 2D MOFs will benefit from the insights this work provides.
Pharmacological management of early rheumatoid arthritis--does combination therapy improve outcomes? (2002)

Treatments for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) have involved a variety of single agent and combination therapies with one paramount goal, to slow disease progression and bone destruction. However, data indicate that not all drug combinations are equally efficacious in all patients with RA, and toxicity levels can be difficult to manage. In addition to these concerns, studies are difficult to compare because of methodologic differences and differing drug doses and schedules, for example. To more accurately discern how to best manage early RA, and because treating RA within 3 months of diagnosis appears crucial for improved outcomes, this review summarizes studies that compared combination to monotherapies in early RA, while attempting to consider factors that could complicate the results. These reports utilized disease modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARD) with known efficacy among patients with RA, but more importantly a number also used varying levels of glucocorticoids as well. Collectively, these data are beginning to shed light on how to best treat early RA, suggesting that DMARD work best when given very early.
A North American Expert Opinion Statement on Sarcopenia in Liver Transplantation (2019)

Loss of muscle mass and function, or sarcopenia, is a common feature of cirrhosis and contributes significantly to morbidity and mortality in this population. Sarcopenia is a main indicator of adverse outcomes in this population, including poor quality of life, hepatic decompensation, mortality in patients with cirrhosis evaluated for liver transplantation (LT), longer hospital and intensive care unit stay, higher incidence of infection following LT, and higher overall health care cost. Although it is clear that muscle mass is an important predictor of LT outcomes, many questions remain, including the best modality for assessing muscle mass, the optimal cut-off values for sarcopenia, the ideal timing and frequency of muscle mass assessment, and how to best incorporate the concept of sarcopenia into clinical decision making. For these reasons, we assembled a group of experts to form the North American Working Group on Sarcopenia in Liver Transplantation to use evidence from the medical literature to address these outstanding questions regarding sarcopenia in LT. We believe sarcopenia assessment should be considered in all patients with cirrhosis evaluated for liver transplantation. Skeletal muscle index (SMI) assessed by computed tomography constitutes the best-studied technique for assessing sarcopenia in patients with cirrhosis. Cut-off values for sarcopenia, defined as SMI < 50 cm<sup>2</sup> /m<sup>2</sup> in male and < 39 cm<sup>2</sup> /m<sup>2</sup> in female patients, constitute the validated definition for sarcopenia in patients with cirrhosis. Conclusion: The management of sarcopenia requires a multipronged approach including nutrition, exercise, and additional pharmacological therapy as deemed necessary. Future studies should evaluate whether recovery of sarcopenia with nutritional management in combination with an exercise program is sustainable as well as how improvement in muscle mass might be associated with improvement in clinical outcomes.
Nanoformulation Composed of Ellagic Acid and Functionalized Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Inactivates DNA and RNA Viruses (2021)

The COVID-19 pandemic has strongly impacted daily life across the globe and caused millions of infections and deaths. No drug therapy has yet been approved for the clinic. In the current study, we provide a novel nanoformulation against DNA and RNA viruses that also has a potential for implementation against COVID-19. The inorganic-organic hybrid nanoformulation is composed of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) functionalized with triptycene organic molecules (TRP) via EDC/NHS coupling chemistry and impregnated with a natural agent, ellagic acid (ELG), via non-covalent interactions. The physicochemical properties of prepared materials were identified with several techniques. The hybrid nanoformulation contained 9.5 wt.% TRP and was loaded with up to 33.3 wt.% ELG. ELG alone exhibited higher cytotoxicity than both the ZnO NPs and nanoformulation against host cells. The nanoformulation efficiently inhibited viruses, compared to ZnO NPs or ELG alone. For H1N1 and HCoV-229E (RNA viruses), the nanoformulation had a therapeutic index of 77.3 and 75.7, respectively. For HSV-2 and Ad-7 (DNA viruses), the nanoformulation had a therapeutic index of 57.5 and 51.7, respectively. In addition, the nanoformulation showed direct inactivation of HCoV-229E via a virucidal mechanism. The inhibition by this mechanism was > 60%. Thus, the nanoformulation is a potentially safe and low-cost hybrid agent that can be explored as a new alternative therapeutic strategy for COVID-19.
Proof of Inversion of Configuration on Stannylation of a Configurationally Stable, Tertiary Benzyllithium Compound from a Single‐Crystal X‐Ray Structure Analysis (1997)

Abstract Configurationally stable, dipole‐stabilised benzyllithium compounds ( R )‐and ( S )‐ 1 b , prepared by deprotonation of the corresponding esters with s BuLi in toluene/di‐ethyl ether (5:1), reacted with (–)‐menthyldimethyltin bromide to afford the stannanes (–)‐ 3 and ( + )‐ 4 , respectively. A single‐crystal X‐ray structure analysis of compound (–)‐ 3 proved that stannylation occurred with inversion of the configuration at the benzylic centre, assuming retention for the deprotonation step. Lithio‐destannylation and deuteration with MeOD follow a retentive course.
Lucky bets and hot hands - Is your fund manager really performing? (2010)

textabstractCongratulations! You are a lucky winner! All too often we receive
email messages like these in our inbox and they invariably
turn out to be nothing but a scam. But why be lucky? For the
manager, the financial equivalent of winning is in outperforming
benchmarks or the markets, preferably through the application
of skill, insight and experience, not pure luck.
Comparison of contrast induced nephropathy definitions and in-hospital mortality in patients undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention for acute myocardial infarction (2020)

Abstract Background Contrast induced nephropathy (CIN) has been associated with increased mortality in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI). However, different definitions of CIN have so far been used. Purpose We aimed to compare predictive accuracy of the 2 contemporary CIN definitions in patients with AMI undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Method From a high-volume, single-centre, prospective registry, in a period from 2009–2019, we identified 7987 pts who underwent primary PCI for AMI in whom creatinine measurements were available for analysis. CIN incidence was evaluated according to relative creatinine increases of ≥25% (CIN25) and ≥50% (CIN50) from baseline levels within 72 hours after intervention. The primary end point was in-hospital mortality. Results Overall, 1116 (13.9%), and 345 (4.3%) patients developed CIN25, CIN50, respectively. Crude in-hospital mortality rate was 3.9% (312 pts) in the overall population. Both definitions were independently associated with in-hospital mortality (CIN25 adjusted odds ratio (OR) 4.2, 95% CI 2.7–6.6; p&amp;lt;0.001, and CIN 50 adjusted OR 8.2, 95% CI 4.9–13.9; p&amp;lt;0.001). Comparison of ROC curves showed that only the addition of the CIN50 (and not CIN25) definition to the combined model of clinical predictors of in-hospital mortality, which included pre-intervention TIMI flow 0–1, cardiogenic shock on admission, baseline creatinine clearance, prior stroke, chronic occlusion of non-culprit artery, post-intervention TIMI flow 3, left ventricular ejection fraction and procedure time, improved prognostic accuracy of the model (Figure 1). Conclusion Only acute kidney injury according to the CIN50 definition, but not the CIN25 definition, offers additional prognostic information above and beyond the combination of baseline predictors of in-hospital mortality in patients with AMI undergoing primary PCI. Figure 1 Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding source: None
Investigating the Effect of Smoke Treatment on Hygroscopic Characteristics of Bamboo by FTIR and Raman Spectroscopy (2022)

Treatment modification to improve the durability of bamboo against biotic and abiotic factors often results in adverse effects to its mechanical properties due to changes in hygroscopic characteristics. This study aims at exploring in more detail, the effect of treatment modification, in particular smoke treatment, on the hygroscopic nature of bamboo. In the first part of this study, changes to its chemical structure were investigated by Raman and Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopic techniques. From Raman analysis, specific bands attributed to lignin component in bamboo, namely at 1600 cm<sup>-1</sup> and 1632 cm<sup>-1</sup>, which varied in intensities among treated and untreated specimens, could be considered to assess the extent of treatment modification. Besides, FTIR results showed that the chemical constituents of bamboo inner and outermost surfaces vary extensively with distinctive changes during treatment modification. The steam component in smoke treatment is assumed to cause a slight increase in the moisture content in the outermost surface of smoked bamboo as evidenced by FTIR results. In addition, the hydrophobic surface of smoked bamboo, which was affected during smoke treatment modification due to superior mean roughness parameter in its outermost surface, impacted its water-repelling ability. From FTIR results, an increase in lignin in bamboo was confirmed at peak 1114 cm<sup>-1</sup>, which occurred as a result of thermal effect above a temperature of 100 °C leading to poly-condensation reactions. The increase in lignin is assumed to cause an overall increase in hardness of smoked bamboo which was found to be two-fold higher when compared with the untreated ones. The approach of this research investigation, which has shown the benefit of using spectroscopic techniques to monitor and understand the changes in the hygroscopic nature of bamboo surfaces, can likewise be considered to predict the corresponding effects of treatment modification or degradation on the mechanical properties of natural materials.
Device design and materials optimization of conformal coating for islets of Langerhans (2014)

Encapsulation of islets of Langerhans may represent a way to transplant islets in the absence of immunosuppression. Traditional methods for encapsulation lead to diffusional limitations imposed by the size of the capsules (600-1,000 μm in diameter), which results in core hypoxia and delayed insulin secretion in response to glucose. Moreover, the large volume of encapsulated cells does not allow implantation in sites that might be more favorable to islet cell engraftment. To address these issues, we have developed an encapsulation method that allows conformal coating of islets through microfluidics and minimizes capsule size and graft volume. In this method, capsule thickness, rather than capsule diameter, is constant and tightly defined by the microdevice geometry and the rheological properties of the immiscible fluids used for encapsulation within the microfluidic system. We have optimized the method both computationally and experimentally, and found that conformal coating allows for complete encapsulation of islets with a thin (a few tens of micrometers) continuous layer of hydrogel. Both in vitro and in vivo in syngeneic murine models of islet transplantation, the function of conformally coated islets was not compromised by encapsulation and was comparable to that of unencapsulated islets. We have further demonstrated that the structural support conferred by the coating materials protected islets from the loss of function experienced by uncoated islets during ex vivo culture.
Gα13 ablation reprograms myofibers to oxidative phenotype and enhances whole-body metabolism (2017)

Skeletal muscle is a key organ in energy homeostasis owing to its high requirement for nutrients. Heterotrimeric G proteins converge signals from cell-surface receptors to potentiate or blunt responses against environmental changes. Here, we show that muscle-specific ablation of Gα13 in mice promotes reprogramming of myofibers to the oxidative type, with resultant increases in mitochondrial biogenesis and cellular respiration. Mechanistically, Gα13 and its downstream effector RhoA suppressed nuclear factor of activated T cells 1 (NFATc1), a chief regulator of myofiber conversion, by increasing Rho-associated kinase 2-mediated (Rock2-mediated) phosphorylation at Ser243. Ser243 phosphorylation of NFATc1 was reduced after exercise, but was higher in obese animals. Consequently, Gα13 ablation in muscles enhanced whole-body energy metabolism and increased insulin sensitivity, thus affording protection from diet-induced obesity and hepatic steatosis. Our results define Gα13 as a switch regulator of myofiber reprogramming, implying that modulations of Gα13 and its downstream effectors in skeletal muscle are a potential therapeutic approach to treating metabolic diseases.
Correlation in the Parameters Obtained by Direct-Fitting Method and Modified Williamson-Hall Method for Cold Worked Iron (2019)

In the dislocation characterization using radiation diffraction, the modified Williamson-Hall method gives the parameter α, φ and S, in which the information about crystallite size, dislocation density and screw component of dislocation are contained respectively. On the other hand, the direct-fitting method gives the parameter α, micro-strain ε and the correction parameter ωh00. In this study, the correlation in these parameters was investigated in cold rolled ferritic steel (Fe-0.0056%C). Results obtained are as follows: Almost same values were obtained for the parameter α in both methods. The value of parameter ε increases as the S-value becomes small even under the same dislocation density. At the constant S-value, however, linear relationship was found between ε and φ. Between the parameter S and ωh00, there is an identical relationship expressed by the equation; S=1.16+1.46ωh00–3.71ωh002 regardless of dislocation density. In addition, it was confirmed that there is no large effect of texture on the dislocation characterization by the direct-fitting method and the modified Williamson-Hall method.
Congestion analysis of unsignalized intersections: The impact of impatience and Markov platooning (2018)

This paper considers an unsignalized intersection used by two traffic streams. A stream of cars is using a primary road, and has priority over the other stream. Cars belonging to the latter stream cross the primary road if the gaps between two subsequent cars on the primary road are larger than their critical headways. A question that naturally arises relates to the capacity of the secondary road: given the arrival pattern of cars on the primary road, what is the maximum arrival rate of low-priority cars that can be sustained? This paper addresses this issue by considering a compact model that sheds light on the dynamics of the considered unsignalized intersection. The model, which is of a queueing-theoretic nature, reveals interesting insights into the impact of the user behavior on stability. The contributions of this paper are threefold. First, we obtain new results for the aforementioned model that includes driver impatience. Secondly, we reveal some surprising aspects that have remained unobserved in the existing literature so far, many of which are caused by the fact that the capacity of the minor road cannot be expressed in terms of the \emph{mean} gap size; instead more detailed characteristics of the critical headway distribution play a crucial role. The third contribution is the introduction of a new form of bunching on the main road, called Markov platooning. The tractability of this model allows us to study the impact of various platoon formations on the main road on the capacity of the minor road.
S-shaped magnetic macroparticle filter for cathodic arc deposition (1997)

A new magnetic macroparticle filter design consisting of two 90/spl deg/ filters forming an S shape is described, The transport properties of this S filter are investigated using Langmuir and deposition probes. It is shown that the filter efficiency is the product of the efficiencies of two 90/spl deg/ filters, and the deposition rate is still acceptably high to perform thin-film deposition. Films of amorphous hard carbon have been deposited using a 90/spl deg/ filter and the S filter, and the macroparticle contents of the films are compared.