gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Architecture of the Sinus Node, the Atrioventricular Conduction Axis, and the Internodal Atrial Myocardium (1998)

Concomitant with the development of catheter ablation techniques for the treatment of atrial arrhythmias, there is renewed interest in the morphologic arrangement of the cardiac conduction system. In this article, we revisit the anatomy of the specialized tissues, making special reference to the descriptions given at the time of their discovery. According to criteria for histologic distinction of morphologically specialized tracts set nearly 100 years ago, the penetrating bundle (of His) and the ventricular bundle branches are tracts of specialized cells encased by insulating sheaths of fibrous tissue. In contrast, the sinus and AV nodes are recognized histologically but are not insulated from the working atrial myocardium. At its distal extent, the AV node is distinguished from the penetrating bundle not so much by cellular characteristics, but by the presence of a fibrous collar that surrounds the specialized cells. At the atrial part, a zone of histologically transitional cells interposes between the compact node and the working atrial myocardium. Transitional cells enter the triangle of Koch to join the compact node from superiorly, inferiorly, posteriorly, and from the left. Transitional cells of the sinus node, in contrast, are limited to short tongues that interdigitate with musculature of the terminal crest. Apart from a variable extension of its tail, there are no prominent histologically discrete extensions from the sinus node into the working atrial musculature. The internodal myocardium does not contain discrete conducting tracts comparable with the ventricular bundle branches. Preferential conduction more likely reflects the arrangement of the working internodal cells and their related cellular properties.
CONGENITAL MEASLES: A CASE REPORT INTEGRATING NEW MOLECULAR DIAGNOSTIC ARRAYS (2008)

Pregnant unvaccinated women and their unborn children are at increased risk for complicated measles during outbreaks. Because measles serologies are not routinely performed during pregnancy, mothers-to-be can be unaware of their susceptibility and of the subsequent risk for their offspring. Furthermore, there are no guidelines for the management of congenital measles. We report a case of congenital measles and its management during the current measles outbreak in Switzerland. The mother developed severe disease one week before delivery, after being infected by an unvaccinated child. Treatment was supportive and her condition improved over two weeks. Elective caesarian section was performed one week later for medical reasons, when it was established that the mother wouldn’t be contagious to the newborn. Although the child was born without any clinical signs of disease, measles virus was detected in several mucosal samples by RT-PCR. RT-PCR and viral culture were negative in other biological fluids, including CNS. Results suggest the lack of systemic infection (and thus good prognosis) and that the viral transmission occurred probably during delivery (rather than by transplacental infection). The child received several intravenous immunoglobulin injections until all viral detection assays were negative. He had a normal clinical follow-up one year later. Reports on congenital measles are usually descriptive and don’t integrate molecular techniques such as RT-PCR. Guidelines for the management of congenital measles are necessary. Until then, vaccination strategies should continue to be a priority to prevent congenital and non-congenital measles.
A Wide Input and Output Voltage Range Battery Charger Using Buck-Boost Power Factor Correction Converter (2019)

In both battery operated electric vehicles (EVs) and plug-in-hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs), a two-stage converter connects the input grid voltage to the battery pack whose voltage varies from 100-500 V, depending on the vehicle size and range. A universal charger, which can address this wide range of battery pack voltages, is suitable for all vehicle architectures. This requirement is achieved by varying the AC/DC converter output voltage using the concept of variable dc link voltage, which is one of the challenges in battery chargers for attaining universal output voltages. This paper mainly focuses on analysis and operating modes for a interleaved boost cascaded-by buck(IBCBB) converter suitable for a power factor correction (PFC) converter. The designed control structure provides a wide degree of control freedom to operate even if the V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">DC</sub> /V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">max</sub> (output voltage to peak of Input) less than 0.5. The design considerations for selection of components is also addressed in the paper. Moreover, the proposed converter is validated on the experimental setup and the results are presented in the paper. In addition, a two-stage universal battery charger with wide input and output voltage is been simulated and presented in the paper.
Measurement of the Second Order Elastic Constants of Langasite Crystals (2014)

Langasite (LGS) has attracted considerable attention from researchers as a potential substrate material for piezoelectric device applications due to its very good frequency stability and moderately large electromechanical coupling factors for acoustic wave devices. This paper presents a new determination of the second order elastic constants of LGS using acoustic wave velocities measured by a time-of-flight cross-correlation method. Two types of ultrasonic transducers have been used to generate longitudinal and shear bulk waves that propagate through cube-shaped specimens. The specimens and attached transducers are placed inside a temperature chamber to maintain a constant environmental temperature during the measurements. We present a full comparison between the new values determined here and those previously reported.
All-optical switching in phase-shifted fiber Bragg grating (2000)

A low-power all-optical-switching in a phase-shifted grating has been experimentally demonstrated at 1.55 μm. The grating is written in a standard fiber for communication and the switching is based on the cross-phase modulation induced by an intense pump pulse on a low intensity probe. An extinction ratio of more than 6 dB has been achieved for 1 kW pulse peak power. The strong enhancement of the nonlinear effect due to the group velocity reduction and the switching polarization dependence have been theoretically investigated and experimentally confirmed.
Ceramic Matrix Composites Application in Automotive Gas Turbines (1996)

We are conducting the development of ceramic matrix composites (CMC) and components made of CMC for a 100 kW automotive ceramic gas turbine (CGT) as shown in Fig.1. When compared to monolithic ceramics (MC), CMC that we have developed demonstrate superior strength characteristics in terms of resistance to particle impact and thermal shock. We have conducted evaluation tests on the strength of CMC components in which MC such as silicon nitride and silicon carbide were used as a reference for comparison with CMC in the same testing process as employed for components made of MC such as silicon nitride and silicon carbide. It was confirmed that actual components made of CMC realized approximately the same strength as the test pieces. Furthermore, some CMC components have already passed screening tests that evaluated the strength of the components. It was therefore confirmed that the potential exists for the possibility of testing these components in high temperature assembly tests and engine tests.
Steel-Reinforced Plasma Ceramics - A New Multilayer Design (2008)

Plasma sprayed oxide ceramics with lamellar grain structure exhibit low elastic modulus, low strength and reasonably high fracture resistance. Due to these properties the plasma ceramics are among the most thermal shock resistant structural ceramics available to date. However, the strength of only 20-40 MPa does not allow these materials to be used under higher external loads. In this paper the reinforcement of plasma ceramics by using a multilayer design is presented. Tubes were sprayed by incorporating a intermediate ductile steel layer in plasma ceramics. Results are presented for a spinel plasma ceramic, reinforced with a ferritic steel layer of various thickness, equivalent to 10, 20, 30 and 40 vol%. The mechanical performance of the three-layered components was examined in ring tests using as sprayed and heat treated specimens. An increase in fracture stress by more than a factor of four was obtained and the composite rings exhibited higher deformation tolerance. Thermoelastic aspects of the steel reinforced plasma ceramics are discussed.
DeepAVO: Efficient Pose Refining with Feature Distilling for Deep Visual Odometry (2021)

The technology for Visual Odometry (VO) that estimates the position and orientation of the moving object through analyzing the image sequences captured by on-board cameras, has been well investigated with the rising interest in autonomous driving. This paper studies monocular VO from the perspective of Deep Learning (DL). Unlike most current learning-based methods, our approach, called DeepAVO, is established on the intuition that features contribute discriminately to different motion patterns. Specifically, we present a novel four-branch network to learn the rotation and translation by leveraging Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) to focus on different quadrants of optical flow input. To enhance the ability of feature selection, we further introduce an effective channel-spatial attention mechanism to force each branch to explicitly distill related information for specific Frame to Frame (F2F) motion estimation. Experiments on various datasets involving outdoor driving and indoor walking scenarios show that the proposed DeepAVO outperforms the state-of-the-art monocular methods by a large margin, demonstrating competitive performance to the stereo VO algorithm and verifying promising potential for generalization.
Achievements and the Road Ahead: The First Decade of Cognitive Radio (2010)

The 38 papers in this special section focus on cognitive radio.
Teach Young Students about Native Americans (1989)

(1989). Teach Young Students about Native Americans. The Social Studies: Vol. 80, No. 1, pp. 5-9.
Tactile-audio diagram for blind persons (1996)

We propose a tactile-audio diagram, represented by a tactile pattern and linguistic information, as a new media for the blind. We have developed a vision substitution system which enables blind persons to read and write a diagram in the form of a tactile-audio diagram. The system consists of a personal computer, a tactile display with digitizer, an auditory information input/output device, and a command keyboard. The features of the system are: 1) the use of multimodality, i.e., tactile and auditory senses are used for perceiving spatial and linguistic information and 2) two-way communication, i.e., the system enables a blind person to read and write a diagram. This paper presents a tactile-audio diagram and an implemented prototype system based on this theory, along with a discussion and methods for enhanced representations.
Research on continuous speech recognition with small vocabulary based on biomimetic pattern recognition (2006)

Based on biomimetic pattern recognition theory, we proposed a novel speaker-independent continuous speech keyword-spotting algorithm. Without endpoint detection and division, we can get the minimum distance curve between continuous speech samples and every keyword-training net through the dynamic searching to the feature-extracted continuous speech. Then we can count the number of the keywords by investigating the vale-value and the numbers of the vales in the curve. Experiments of small vocabulary continuous speech with various speaking rate have got good recognition results and proved the validity of the algorithm.
Right-Left Asymmetries in the Brain (1978)

Structural asymmetries between the hemispheres are found in the human brain. Asymmetries in the auditory regions and in the Sylvian fissures are present even in the fetus. The Sylvian asymmetries may have existed in Neanderthal man and are found consistently in some apes. They may relate to right-left differences infunction. Thus, the striking auditory asymmetries could underlie language lateralization. The asymmetries in the frontal and occipital lobes and the lateral ventricles are correlated with hand preference. Anatomical asymmetries may help to explain the range of human talents, recovery from acquired disorders of language function, certain childhood learning disabilities, some dementing illnesses of middle life, and the evidence for behavioral lateralization in nonhuman primates.
Synthesis of high-performance packet processing pipelines (2006)

Packet editing is a fundamental building block of data communication systems such as switches and routers. Circuits that implement this function are critical and define the features of the system. We propose a high-level synthesis technique for a new model for representing packet editing functions. Experiments show our circuits achieve a throughput of up to 40Gb/s on a commercially available FPGA device, equal to state-of-the-art implementations.
Upgrade of a Bruker NMR Spectrometers Using a Modern Digital Base (2021)

Based on a Bruker MSL-300 nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectrometer, a method has been developed for upgrading the CXP, MSL, and Avance-I series spectrometers by converting them to a modern digital base and replacing analog signal processing with digital processing while preserving the standard radio-frequency (RF) components as much as possible. The upgrade means retaining the 250-W wide-band amplifier, the RF synthesizer with a frequency band of 0–250 MHz, and the narrow-band preamplifier with the complete elimination of an Aspect computer and the standard DISMSL control program. Outdated units for generating RF pulses and registering signals were modified. This enables to significantly improve the maintainability and reliability of the spectrometer and ensure its connection to a modern computer. Comparative measurements of the signal-to-noise ratio for Cu2O samples on 63Cu nuclei revealed a 1.5-fold increase in the sensitivity of the new scheme compared to the original Bruker MSL-300 NMR spectrometer.
Antibody Responses and Virus Escape: Implications for HIV-1 Vaccine and Therapeutic Design (2005)

HIV-1 can escape from neutralizing antibodies rapidly during natural infection. Evolution of antibody escape is an important consideration for both vaccine and therapeutic development. Recent studies highlight both the potential strength of specific monoclonal antibody therapies for decreasing viral load and the need to understand virus escape in this setting. For envelope-based vaccine strategies, a greater understanding of both type- specific and more conserved neutralizing epitopes in addition to the evolution of these epitopes and the HIV envelope in response to selective pressure is critical in understanding and predicting vaccine efficacy. The pattern of virus envelope evolution, as a result of escape from antibody pressure, may be used ultimately to decipher the antibody specificities responsible for virus suppression and determine if a particular vaccine design or therapeutic regimen is potentially detrimental or highly beneficial to host survival. Integrative approaches using both traditional experimental methods and computational immunology for detailed mapping of virus envelope evolution in response to selective pressure may drive future innovations in HIV vaccines and therapeutic interventions.
Comparable 3-year outcome following ABVD or BEACOPP first-line chemotherapy, plus pre-planned high-dose salvage, in advanced Hodgkin lymphoma (HL): A randomized trial of the Michelangelo, GITIL and IIL cooperative groups (2008)

8506 Background: The availability of successful and tolerated salvage programs challenges the choice of more effective but more toxic regimens as preferred first-line treatments of chemosensitive tumors. In fact, a less toxic and more applicable initial therapy that can be effectively salvaged, might be a preferable strategy to a moderately more effective regime with a higher rate of toxic events and a lower rescue rate. We thus compared the rate of freedom-from-progression (FFP), freedom-from-second-progression (FF2P) and overall survival (OS) of patients with advanced HL treated according to two opposite strategies: ABVD first, versus BEACOPP first, plus high-dose salvage as pre- planned intended treatment for both arms. Methods: From March 2000 to March 2007, a total of 321 eligible patients with stage IIB/IV and/or ≥3 IPS (international-prognostic-score) HL were stratified and randomized; 166 patients received 6–8 cycles of ABVD, and 155 patients were treated with 4 cycles of BEACOPP escalated plus 4 cycles of BEACOPP standard. Responding patients received 30 Gy of radiotherapy to sites of initial bulky disease or of residual mass. For treatment failures the intent was to deliver re-induction chemotherapy followed by stem-cell supported BEAM, and up to 25 Gy of radiotherapy, as required. Results: Main patient characteristics and 3- year results (median observation 30 months, lead 85 months) are summarized in the table: Conclusions: A longer follow-up is necessary to account for late relapses and secondary tumors. Within these limits, the present study, by taking into account both first-line and second-line chemotherapy, helps defining a preferred therapeutic plan for advanced HL. In fact, BEACOPP-first scored a superior FFP in 16% of the patients, but showed a comparable FF2P and an identical OS rate, and was thus an overtreatment for the 71% already cured by ABVD-first. No. IPS <3 IPS ≥3 Toxic deaths 3-yr FFP * 3-yr FF2P ° 3-yr OS ° ABVD 166 77 89 1^ 71±4% 87±4% 91±3% BEACOPP 155 69 86 6^^ 87±3% 92±4% 90±3% * P=0.01; ° P=NS; ^ during ABVD; ^^ 4 during BEACOPP, 2 during salvage No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Frontispiece: Bandgap Optimization of Perovskite Semiconductors for Photovoltaic Applications (2018)

Bandgap tuning and optimization approaches in perovskite semiconductors accomplished through tailoring compositions, crystal structures, and dimensionalities are reviewed as pertains to photovoltaic applications. Perspectives are also provided for guiding future research in this area. For more details, see the Minireview by N. P. Padture et al. on page 2305 ff.
Impacto macroeconómico de las inversiones en la red de transporte de la electricidad en España (2011)

"En este trabajo se calculan los efectos que las inversiones previstas de Red Eléctrica de España en la red de transporte de la electricidad ejercerán en la producción y el empleo españoles. Para el corto plazo se estima el convencional modelo de demanda de Leontief a partir de la última tabla simétrica del Marco Input-Output (MIO) disponible para la economía española. Para el análisis a largo plazo, se parte del modelo de crecimiento de Solow y se utilizan técnicas de análisis de series temporales para la estimación de funciones de producción que relacionan el crecimiento la economía española con los stocks de capital físico y humano y el trabajo."
Determinants of frontline tyrosine kinase inhibitor choice for patients with chronic‐phase chronic myeloid leukemia: A study from the Registro Italiano LMC and Campus CML (2023)

This observational study of almost 2000 cases of CML shows that imatinib is the frontline drug of choice in 55% of Italian patients with CP-CML, with 2G-TKIs prevalently used in younger patients and in those with no concomitant clinical conditions. Introduction of the generic formulation in 2018 seems to have fostered imatinib use.
Gradient-index antireflection coatings (1983)

Thin-film gradient-index profiles have been analyzed and new profiles have been synthesized for broadband antireflection coatings on dielectric surfaces. It is shown that the control of the index gradient as a design parameter can significantly enhance the performance of interference coatings.
Delay in regulators of time discrete single-ended synchronization (1982)

Mutual single-ended synchronization of digital telecommunication networks is subject to two different types of delay. One type is the delay in transmission lines and the other type is the delay in regulators. Here, the regulator delay is investigated with two time discrete linear regulators: proportional (P) and proportional plus integrating (PI) regulators. Depending on the realization of the regulator circuit the delay of frequency correction may amount to a substantial part of the sampling interval. The effect of the regulator delay on both P and PI regulators is the same as of an added derivative term. The gain of this derivative term equals the negative product of the delay time and the original proportional gain. The stability domain for the regulator delay depends on both the regulator gains and on the connectivity of a network. But, there are suitable settings of regulator gains for which any network will remain stable for a regulator delay of up to the entire sampling interval. One suitable setting is, for example: proportional gain less than 50% and integrating gain less than 0.5% of their respective maximum stable ranges. The dependence of the regulator delay on the network connectivity is not explicitly derived, but it has been established that networks with less connections per node tolerate longer delays than fully interconnected ones.
Mutations induced by saturated aqueous nitric oxide in the pSP189 supF gene in human Ad293 and E. coli MBM7070 cells (1993)

Nitric oxide is an important bioregulatory agent that may also be an endogenous and exogenous human mutagen. In order to study mutations generated following exposure of a shuttle vector-borne target gene to nitric oxide, mutations were induced in the supF gene of the pSP189 shuttle vector by treatment with nitric oxide in aerobic buffered solution followed by replication of the plasmid in either human Ad293 or Escherichia coli MBM7070 cells. The induced mutation frequency, which increased with nitric oxide dose, was 44-fold greater than the spontaneous background in human cells and > 15-fold greater than background in the bacterial cells when a total of 100 mmol of nitric oxide was oxidatively absorbed/I of pH 7.4 buffer containing the plasmid. The majority of point mutations analysed (61 and 75% for human and E. coli cells respectively) were AT-->GC transitions with GC-->AT transitions (29 and 23%) being the next most prevalent. The overall frequencies of the various point mutations seen in the supF gene were similar in the two cell types, although the distribution of hotspots showed differences. The results are consistent with a mutational mechanism initiated by deamination of DNA bases.
Neural substrate of speech and language development (2005)

The human ability to communicate in sentences sets us apart from other animals. The “nativist” position holds that such a unique ability must depend on a unique human module-the language acquisition device-that enables us to apply syntactic rules. An alternative position is presented in this chapter. In this view, language learning obeys general laws of cognitive and motor development. Recent research has demonstrated that seemingly rule-guided behaviour can emerge from simple neural networks sensitive to statistical associations in the input. Words, concepts, and sentences might simply emerge from social reinforcement of children’s attempts to imitate and to generalize from experience.