gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Diversity of HLA‐B17 alleles and haplotypes in East Asians and a novel Cw6 allele (Cw*0604) associated with B*5701 (1999)

The distribution of HLA-B17 alleles and their association with HLA-A, -C and -DRB1 alleles were investigated in seven East Asian populations Japanese, South Korean, Chinese-Korean, Man, Northern Han, Mongolian and Buryat populations). The B17 alleles were identified from genomic DNA using group-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) followed by hybridization with sequence-specific oligonucleotide probes (SSOP). In all of these East Asian populations, except Japanese and Chinese-Koreans, B*5701 was detected and strongly associated with A*0101, Cw*0602 and DRB1*0701. In contrast, B*5801 was detected in all the seven populations and strongly associated with A*3303, Cw*0302, DRB1*0301 and DRB1*1302. The A*3303-Cw*0302-B*5801-DRB1*1302 haplotype was observed in South Korean, Chinese-Korean, Buryat and Japanese populations, while A*3303-Cw*0302-B*5801-DRB1*0301 was predominantly observed in the Mongolian population. A similar haplotype, A*0101-Cw*0302-B*5801-DRB1*1302, was observed in the Buryat population. A novel Cw6 allele, Cw*0604, was identified in the Man population. This Cw allele was observed on the haplotype A*0101-B*5701-DRB1*0701. Thus, we confirmed, at the sequence level, that the common haplotypes carrying B*5701 and B*5801 have been conserved and shared in East Asian populations.
Biophotonic Sensing Cells (BICELLs) for label-free biosensing (2011)

Label free immunoassay sector is a ferment of activity, experiencing rapid growth as new technologies come forward and achieve acceptance. The landscape is changing in a “bottom up” approach, as individual companies promote individual technologies and find a market for them. Therefore, each of the companies operating in the label-free immunoassay sector offers a technology that is in some way unique and proprietary. However, no many technologies based on Label-free technology are currently in the market for PoC and High Throughput Screening (HTS), where mature labeled technologies have taken the market.
Management of Major Biliary Complications After Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy (1993)

Successful management of bile duct injury after laparoscopic cholecystectomy requires careful understanding of the mechanisms, considerable preoperative assessment by experts, and a multidisciplinary approach.
Thrombin inhibitor reduces myocardial infarction in apoE−/−× LDLR−/−mice (2004)

We have previously shown that atherosclerotic apolipoprotein E-deficient (apoE(-/-)) x LDL receptor-deficient (LDLR(-/-)) mice develop myocardial infarction when exposed to hypoxic stress. This study was performed to assess the role of thrombin and thrombosis in this process. ApoE(-/-) x LDLR(-/-) mice were fed a cholesterol-rich diet for 8 mo and were then subjected to hypoxic stress while receiving isoflurane anesthesia. One group received a bolus dose (5.6 micromol/kg) of the thrombin inhibitor melagatran, and control animals received PBS 10 min before the hypoxic stress. The mice were exposed to 10 min of hypoxia followed by normoxia. Ten minutes after the stress, Alzet pumps delivering melagatran (20 nmol x kg x (-1)min(-1)) or PBS were implanted, and the mice were allowed to recover for 48 h. The cardiac response was analyzed by histology, immunohistochemistry, and serum troponin T assay. All animals showed reversible ECG changes as a sign of ischemia during hypoxic stress, and 50% developed infarctions afterward as judged by troponin T levels. The group that received thrombin inhibitor had significantly lower troponin T and smaller myocardial infarctions than the PBS-treated group. These data show that thrombin generation is an important pathogenetic factor and suggest that coronary thrombosis is involved in myocardial infarction in atherosclerotic mice. Exposure of atherosclerotic mice to hypoxia leads to myocardial infarction through a two-phase pathway in which acute transient ischemia is followed by thrombin-dependent, irreversible, myocardial ischemia and myocardial cell death.
A comparison of half-bridge resonant converter topologies (1987)

The half-bridge series resonant, parallel resonant and combination series-parallel resonant converters are compared for use in low output voltage power supply applications. It is shown that the combination series-parallel converter, which takes on the desirable characteristics of the pure series and the pure parallel converter, removes the main disadvantages of those two converters. Analyses and breadboard results show that the combination series-parallel converter can run over a large input voltage range and a large load range (no-load to full-load) while while maintaining excellent efficiency. A useful analysis technique based on classical ac complex analysis is also introduced.
Editor's Note (1997)

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Suppression of pathogenesis in cutaneous leishmaniasis by UV irradiation (1986)

The effects of suberythematous levels of UV-B radiation on the development of of cutaneous leishmaniasis were studied in B10.129(10M) mice. Doses of 15 mJ cm-2 UV-B applied locally to the injection site suppressed the development of skin lesions after the inoculation of Leishmania major promastigotes. The primary targets of UV-B radiation appeared to be host cells and not leishmanial parasites, because UV-B irradiation of parasites cultured in vitro did not affect their viability, but did kill host cells. Furthermore, the same numbers of parasites were recovered from skin at the injection site in both irradiated and control mice. UV-B irradiation abrogated the induction of contact hypersensitivity to dinitrofluorobenzene and also abrogated the induction of delayed-type hypersensitivity responses to leishmanial antigens. These results suggest that local perturbations in the functions of the skin-associated lymphoid tissue during the initial phases of leishmanial infection can profoundly influence immunological response and the subsequent development of clinical disease.
Identifying Nonpolar Transbilayer Helices in Amino Acid Sequences of Membrane Proteins (1986)

Many bacterial clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)–CRISPR-associated (Cas) systems employ the dual RNA–guided DNA endonuclease Cas9 to defend against invading phages and conjugative plasmids by introducing site-specific ...Read More
PLANTPLASMAMEMBRANEH+-ATPases: Powerhouses for Nutrient Uptake (2001)

Most transport proteins in plant cells are energized by electrochemical gradients of protons across the plasma membrane. The formation of these gradients is due to the action of plasma membrane H+ pumps fuelled by ATP. The plasma membrane H+-ATPases share a membrane topography and general mechanism of action with other P-type ATPases, but differ in regulatory properties. Recent advances in the field include the identification of the complete H+-ATPase gene family in Arabidopsis, analysis of H+-ATPase function by the methods of reverse genetics, an improved understanding of the posttranslational regulation of pump activity by 14-3-3 proteins, novel insights into the H+ transport mechanism, and progress in structural biology. Furthermore, the elucidation of the three-dimensional structure of a related Ca2+ pump has implications for understanding of structure-function relationships for the plant plasma membrane H+-ATPase.
Unified Embedding and Metric Learning for Zero-Exemplar Event Detection (2017)

Event detection in unconstrained videos is conceived as a content-based video retrieval with two modalities: textual and visual. Given a text describing a novel event, the goal is to rank related videos accordingly. This task is zero-exemplar, no video examples are given to the novel event. Related works train a bank of concept detectors on external data sources. These detectors predict confidence scores for test videos, which are ranked and retrieved accordingly. In contrast, we learn a joint space in which the visual and textual representations are embedded. The space casts a novel event as a probability of pre-defined events. Also, it learns to measure the distance between an event and its related videos. Our model is trained end-to-end on publicly available EventNet. When applied to TRECVID Multimedia Event Detection dataset, it outperforms the state-of-the-art by a considerable margin.
Size Dependence of Rotation Frequency of Individual Laser Trapped Liquid Crystal Droplets (1999)

We report the development of an all-optical liquid-crystal (LC) switch realized by laser manipulation of a three-dimensionally trapped micrometer-size nematic liquid-crystal droplet. Transmission of a polarizer/LC droplet/analyzer system can be modulated at a frequency as high as 10 3 Hz for micrometer sized LC droplets. An optical switching corresponds to the rotation of the LC droplet by an angle of π/4. The dependence of rotation frequency on LC droplet size is explained in terms of the circularly polarized light scattering by the molecules of the LC droplet. This scattering is responsible for the transfer of angular momentum from the light to the LC droplet.
Inference in Social Networks from Ultra-Sparse Distance Measurements via Pretrained Hadamard Autoencoders (2020)

Analysis of large-scale networks is hampered by limited data as complete network measurements are expensive or impossible to collect. We present an autoencoder based technique paired with pretraining, to predict missing topology information in ultra-sparsely sampled social networks. Randomly generated variations of Barabási-Albert and power law cluster graphs are used to pretrain a Hadamard Autoencoder. Pretrained neural network is then used to infer distances in social networks where only a very small fraction of intra-node distances are available. Model is evaluated on variations of Barabási-Albert and Powerlaw cluster graphs as well as on a real-world Facebook network. Results are compared with a deterministic Low-rank Matrix Completion (LMC) method as well as an autoencoder trained on partially observed data from the test-network. Results show that pretrained autoencoder far outperforms LMC when the number of distance samples available is less than 1%, while being competitive for higher fraction of samples.
Phase 2 Study of Intratumoral Cisplatin and Epinephrine Treatment for Locally Recurrent Head and Neck Tumors (2004)

Local relapses of head and neck tumors are not often eligible for surgical and/or radiotherapy retreatment, and the efficacy of systemic chemotherapy is poor. A greater accumulation and efficacy of anticancer drugs with lower systemic toxicity is theoretically obtained with intratumoral chemotherapy. In experimental studies, epinephrine has been shown to increase the concentration and antitumor effect of intratumoral cisplatin. Fourteen patients with locally recurrent head and neck tumors (median age, 58.7 years) were included in this phase 2 trial. Recurrent tumors (squamous cell carcinomas) were located on the tongue, oral pharynx, or cervical nodes. Prior therapy was surgery and/or radiotherapy with or without intravenous chemotherapy. Inclusion criteria included an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group/World Health Organization performance status of 0, 1, or 2, an anticipated survival of >3 months, adequate cardiac, kidney, liver, and bone marrow function, and no coagulopathy or carotid invasion. Fifty intratumoral injections of cisplatin-epinephrine (average, 3.6 injections per patient; range, 1 to 5 injections) were given to the 14 patients from November 1998 to July 2000. Patients were treated with cisplatin (1 mg/mL; maximum dose, 50 mg) at an injection volume corresponding to the tumor volume (1 mL/cm3 of tumor; maximum volume, 50 mL). Epinephrine was added at a concentration of 0.02 mg/mL. Intratumoral injections were repeated every 2 to 3 weeks at different locations in the tumors to obtain a homogeneous distribution. Tumor response was evaluated by clinical examination and computed tomography. Eight objective responses were registered among the 14 patients. Four were complete responses, and 4 were partial responses. The average time to disease progression was 11.5 +/- 8.9 weeks. Local adverse effects were transient pain, swelling, and erythema at the site of the injection. No nephrotoxicity, neurotoxicity, or ototoxicity was observed. Intratumoral injection of cisplatin and epinephrine in an aqueous solution has a definite antitumor activity in recurrent head and neck cancer with acceptable local tolerance and no major systemic toxic effects except for transient tachycardia and high blood pressure at the time of injection.
Luminescence properties of Bi<sup>3+</sup> ions co-doped Gd<inf>2</inf>O<inf>3</inf>:Eu<sup>3+</sup>, Tb<sup>3+</sup> nanophosphors (2010)

Gd <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> :Eu <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3+</sup> , Tb <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3+</sup> and Bi <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3+</sup> ions co-doped Gd <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> :Eu <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3+</sup> , Tb <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3+</sup> powders were synthesized by solvothermal reaction method. The crystalline structure, surface morphologies and phase transitions of these powders were investigated according to annealing process by using X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission-scanning electron microscopy, photoluminescence spectroscopy (PL) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The purpose of this study is to compare the luminescence properties of Gd <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> :Eu <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3+</sup> , Tb <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3+</sup> and Bi <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3+</sup> ion co-doped Gd <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> :Eu <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3+</sup> , Tb <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3+</sup> phosphors which were synthesized at Bi <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3+</sup> ions concentration.
Histone H4 acetylation and histone deacetylase 1 expression in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (2003)

The alterations of the chromatin structure by histone acetylases (HATs) and histone deacetylases (HDACs) are implicated in the regulation of gene transcription and also in the process of carcinogenesis. HDAC inhibitors have been shown to be potent inducers of growth arrest, differentiation and/or apoptotic cell death of transformed cells and, as a result, they are currently receiving considerable attention as antitumor agents. In this study, we examined the status of histone H4 acetylation and the level of HDAC1 expression in surgically resected specimens of human esophageal squamous cell carcinoma by immunohistochemistry. We herein demonstrate that histone H4 of esophageal carcinoma cells was significantly hyperacetylated in the early stage of cancer invasion and thereafter changed into a hypoacetylated state according to the degree of cancer progression. The cases in which HDAC1 was less expressed in esophageal carcinoma cells than in the normal mucosa significantly increased as the carcinoma invaded into the deeper layers of the esophageal wall. Furthermore, both the hyperacetylation of histone H4 and the high expression of HDAC1 were shown to topologically colocalize in the same tumor. These results suggested that a dynamic equilibrium between the HAT and HDAC activities is disrupted in esophageal carcinoma, thus implying that a certain interaction may exist between the hyperacetylation of histone H4 and the HDAC1 expression.
Catabolism of bis(5'-nucleosidyl) oligophosphates in Escherichia coli: metal requirements and substrate specificity of homogeneous diadenosine-5',5'''-P1,P4-tetraphosphate pyrophosphohydrolase (1985)

Diadenosine-5',5'''-P1,P4-tetraphosphate pyrophosphohydrolase (diadenosinetetraphosphatase) from Escherichia coli strain EM20031 has been purified 5000-fold from 4 kg of wet cells. It produces 2.4 mg of homogeneous enzyme with a yield of 3.1%. The enzyme activity in the reaction of ADP production from Ap4A is 250 s-1 [37 degrees C, 50 mM tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane, pH 7.8, 50 microM Ap4A, 0.5 microM ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), and 50 microM CoCl2]. The enzyme is a single polypeptide chain of Mr 33K, as determined by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis analysis and high-performance gel permeation chromatography. Dinucleoside polyphosphates are substrates provided they contain more than two phosphates (Ap4A, Ap4G, Ap4C, Gp4G, Ap3A, Ap3G, Ap3C, Gp3G, Gp3C, Ap5A, Ap6A, and dAp4dA are substrates; Ap2A, NAD, and NADP are not). Among the products, a nucleoside diphosphate is always formed. ATP, GTP, CTP, UTP, dATP, dGTP, dCTP, and dTTP are not substrates; Ap4 is. Addition of Co2+ (50 microM) to the reaction buffer containing 0.5 microM EDTA strongly stimulates Ap4A hydrolysis (stimulation 2500-fold). With 50 microM MnCl2, the stimulation is 900-fold. Ca2+, Fe2+, and Mg2+ have no effect. The Km for Ap4A is 22 microM with Co2+ and 12 microM with Mn2+. The added metals have similar effects on the hydrolysis of Ap3A into ADP + AMP. However, in the latter case, the stimulation by Co2+ is small, and the maximum stimulation brought by Mn2+ is 9 times that brought by Co2+. Exposure of the enzyme to Zn2+ (5 microM), prior to the assay or within the reaction mixture containing Co2+, causes a marked inhibition of Ap4A hydrolysis.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Testing the Mechatronic Wedge Brake (2004)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;The eBrake is a novel self-reinforcing electromechanical wedge brake, which operates around the point of maximum self-reinforcement in order to minimise actuation forces. Beyond this point, the system would be unstable without an electronic controller. It is therefore important to demonstrate that this controller is robust to the range of parameter variations likely to be encountered in practice. The first stage of this process can be conducted on a dynamometer under laboratory conditions, to ensure that problems are addressed before proceeding to vehicle tests.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;This paper reports testing of the prototype brake on a such a dynamometer. The prototype brake itself is first briefly described, including the main instrumentation used during the tests. This followed by a short section detailing the capabilities of the dynamometer. The main body of the text is devoted to the tests themselves: the rationale behind them; a description of how they were conducted; presentation of the results; and, where relevant, a discussion of how they compare with theory. Of particular interest is the performance of the brake under the influence of thermal effects, and the high dynamics and low power consumption demonstrated. It is shown that the control system and hardware can successfully manage the range of test conditions experienced.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;To conclude, a review is presented of the programme status, including the developments underway which will lead to vehicle tests.&lt;/div&gt;
Technology roadmap for cold-atoms based quantum inertial sensor in space (2023)

Recent developments in quantum technology have resulted in a new generation of sensors for measuring inertial quantities, such as acceleration and rotation. These sensors can exhibit unprecedented sensitivity and accuracy when operated in space, where the free-fall interrogation time can be extended at will and where the environment noise is minimal. European laboratories have played a leading role in this field by developing concepts and tools to operate these quantum sensors in relevant environment, such as parabolic flights, free-fall towers, or sounding rockets. With the recent achievement of Bose–Einstein condensation on the International Space Station, the challenge is now to reach a technology readiness level sufficiently high at both component and system levels to provide “off the shelf” payload for future generations of space missions in geodesy or fundamental physics. In this roadmap, we provide an extensive review on the status of all common parts, needs, and subsystems for the application of atom-based interferometers in space, in order to push for the development of generic technology components.
Influence of EGR on Soot/NOx Production in a Light-Duty Diesel Engine (2005)

A study to explore the effect of EGR upon combustion in a light-duty automotive style diesel engine was performed. The engine used in this study was a Mercedes 1.7L 4 cylinder, direct injected turbodiesel with a common rail injection system. The engine was operated at 2500 RPM, 50% load, with constant rail pressure and injection duration. An endoscope imaging system built by AVL, called the VisioScope™, was used to acquire in-cylinder optical images of combustion events. These images were processed to extract soot radiation temperatures and soot volume fraction for each pixel. The results were compared to global engine measurements using piezo-electric pressure transducers, an emissions bench, and a scanning mobility particle sizer (SMPS) to characterize particulates. It was discovered that the optical data correlated well with the global measurements, allowing for in-depth analysis of the mechanisms of emissions formation at three different EGR levels (0%, 10%, 19%). Several conclusions were reached, including the correlation of soot radiation temperature with NOx production and the correlation of soot luminosity with engine-out PM. Each of these factors was determined as a function of EGR level.
A/D Conversion Using Geometric Feedback AGC (1975)

A digital signal processing technique is described which utilizes a built-in automatic gain control (AGC) function. A particularly attractive algorithm called "geometric feedback" is developed which has certain desirable properties. A simple analytic solution of the response is derived for the special case of linear geometric feedback.