gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Influence of the linker type on the Au–S binding properties of thiol and disulfide-modified DNA self-assembly on polycrystalline gold (2010)

We investigate the Au-S binding properties of thiol and disulfide-modified DNA on polycrystalline gold by means of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy in conditions close to dynamic processes of biosensors. The dependence of the immobilisation period on the quality and density of the self-assembly process of thiol (SH-(CH(2))(6)-DNA), disulfide (DNA-CH(2))(6)-SS-(CH(2))(6)-DNA and DMTO-SS-(CH(2))(6)-DNA) sulfur-modified oligonucleotide solutions (1 microM) that are employed for bioreceptor immobilisation is analysed. Two electronic components are found in the analysis of the S 2p core levels. One of them is clearly associated to thiolate formation, while the other can be associated to different origins. In order to identify the origin of this last component, a quantification of the non-specifically adsorbed species has been performed by rinsing the self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) with a mercapto hexanol (MCH) solution. It has been found that non-specifically adsorbed species contribute only partially to the appearance of this sulfur peak component in SAMs formed from disulfides. Electron bombardment was performed to study the evolution of this component as a consequence of surface degradation due to radiation effects. The results are also correlated with the possible presence of disulfides. We found that MCH is not stable during the measurements. The evolution of this compound and the possible causes for this behaviour are discussed.
Comparative analysis of IEEE 112-B and IEC 34-2 efficiency testing standards using stray load losses in low voltage three-phase, cage induction motors (2002)

Since 1998, 817 motor efficiency test data sets, in the 1-500 hp (0.75-375 kW) range have been collected from several sources in different countries around the world, for 50 Hz and 60 Hz. The test data includes the motor efficiency using the IEC 34-2 and IEEE 112-B test standards, and the quantification of the stray load losses (SLL), using the IEEE 112B method. In 125 cases the test data includes the efficiency computed with both methods. The aim of this study, was the quantification of the discrepancy between the two mentioned standards, and to establish an approximate method to allow the comparison between motors tested with the two standards. Based on the significant number of collected motor data sets, it was concluded that when compared to IEEE 112-B standard, the IEC 34-2 standard is less accurate, and gives typically higher efficiency values, mainly because of the SLL estimation procedure. The IEEE 112-B SLL computed values are typically higher then the IEC SLL predefined values, on average by 1.0 and 0.8 percentage point for 50 Hz and 60 Hz motors respectively. Also, the average SLL values vary slightly with the motor power. Using efficiency measurements made with both standards on the same motors, it was possible to confirm that the SLL are the main reason for the observed discrepancy in the efficiency values. The results of the analysis carried out in this paper offers the possibility to compare the efficiency of motors tested under the IEC 34-2 standard with motors tested with IEEE 112-B, leading to a choice of the most cost-effective option. This paper also provides a key contribution to the ongoing revision of IEC 34-2 standard.
Measuring Excess Noise in SDL's (1983)

New instrument gives quantitive information on in semiconductor-diode laser (SDL's). By proper selection of detector, instrument tests any SDL from visible wavelengths through thermal infrared. Lasers determine excess noise in SKL source by measuring photocurrent generated in photodetector exposed first to reference laser then to SKL under test.
Patient Clusters and Cost Trajectories in Atrial Fibrillation: Evidence from the Swiss Atrial Fibrillation Cohort (2022)

Abstract Aims Evidence on long-term costs of atrial fibrillation (AF) and associated factors is scarce. As part of the Swiss-AF prospective cohort study we aimed to characterise AF costs and their development over time, and to assess specific patient clusters and their cost trajectories. Methods Swiss-AF enrolled 2,415 patients with variable duration of AF between 2014 and 2017. Patient clusters were identified using hierarchical cluster analysis of baseline characteristics. Ongoing yearly follow-ups include health insurance clinical and claims data. An algorithm was developed to adjudicate costs to AF and related complications. Results Hierarchical analysis identified three patient clusters. “Cardiovascular-dominated” (CV-dominated) patients had the highest proportions of prior myocardial infarction and presence of diabetes. “Heart failure-dominated” (HF-dominated) patients had the highest occurrence of heart failure and permanent AF. “Isolated symptomatic” (IS) patients were younger and had the highest occurrence of paroxysmal AF. A subpopulation of 1,024 Swiss-AF patients with available claims data was followed up for a median [interquartile range] of 3.24 [1.09] years. Average yearly AF-adjudicated costs amounted to CHF 5,679, remaining stable across the observation period. CV-dominated (N = 253 with claims data) and HF-dominated patients (N = 185) depicted similarly high costs across all cost outcomes, the IS (N = 586) patients accrued the lowest costs. Conclusion Our results highlight three well-differentiated patient clusters with specific costs that could be used for stratification in both clinical and economic studies. Patient characteristics associated with adjudicated costs as well as cost trajectories may enable an early understanding of the magnitude of upcoming AF-related healthcare costs. What is already known on this topic Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a complex disease and constitutes a major economic and societal challenge due to its high prevalence worldwide. What this study adds This study, based on a large prospective cohort study, provides evidence on real-world AF costs and their development over time. Data-derived patient clusters are linked to costs and their respective cost trajectories are assessed. How this study might affect research, practice or policy The identified patient clusters and their characteristics may help clinicians and payers to gain an early insight and understanding of the magnitude of the expected AF-related healthcare costs.
Systematic Crest Factor Reduction and Efficiency Enhancement of Dual-Band Power Amplifier Based Transmitters (2016)

A systematic design methodology including novel crest factor reduction (CFR) and power amplifier (PA) efficiency enhancement techniques for concurrent dual-band transmitters is proposed to improve performance under concurrent modulated stimulus, in terms of both efficiency and output power. Conventional energy efficient PAs are typically implemented separately in analog circuit or digital signal domains. However, the proposed method combines a digital domain 2-D power distribution reshaping (2-D-PDR) method to adaptively reshape the signals' distribution to fit the target PA's characterization and an analog domain inter-modulation tuning design to enhance the PA's output capability. Based on the proposed method, an example of concurrent dual-band Doherty PA (DPA) working at 1.9-2.6 GHz LTE bands was designed using two 10-Watt GaN HEMTs. A 2-D-PDR procedure was developed for the designed DPA. The fabricated DPA was measured in concurrent mode under the stimulus of a pair of 10 MHz LTE signals. According to the measured results, the proposed DPA achieved a drain efficiency of 46.6% at an output power of 6.2 W while maintaining a good adjacent channel power ratio and error vector magnitude. To the best of the authors' acknowledge, this is the state-of-the-art performance for concurrent dual-band PAs. Additionally, measurements are performed on three varied type of PAs using the proposed 2-D-PDR. According to the measured results, about 0.3~0.8 dB power improvement and 1.5%~3% efficiency improvement can be achieved using the proposed 2-D-PDR compared with the conventional 2-D-CFR, proving the feasibility of the proposed technique.
The three‐dimensional crystal structure of the PrpF protein of Shewanella oneidensis complexed with trans‐aconitate: Insights into its biological function (2007)

In bacteria, the dehydration of 2-methylcitrate to yield 2-methylaconitate in the 2-methylcitric acid cycle is catalyzed by a cofactor-less (PrpD) enzyme or by an aconitase-like (AcnD) enzyme. Bacteria that use AcnD also require the function of the PrpF protein, whose function was previously unknown. To gain insights into the function of PrpF, the three-dimensional crystal structure of the PrpF protein from the bacterium Shewanella oneidensis was solved at 2.0 A resolution. The protein fold of PrpF is strikingly similar to those of the non-PLP-dependent diaminopimelate epimerase from Haemophilus influenzae, a putative proline racemase from Brucella melitensis, and to a recently deposited structure of a hypothetical protein from Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Results from in vitro studies show that PrpF isomerizes trans-aconitate to cis-aconitate. It is proposed that PrpF catalysis of the cis-trans isomerization proceeds through a base-catalyzed proton abstraction coupled with a rotation about C2-C3 bond of 2-methylaconitate, and that residue Lys73 is critical for PrpF function. The newly identified function of PrpF as a non-PLP-dependent isomerase, together with the fact that PrpD-containing bacteria do not require PrpF, suggest that the isomer of 2-methylaconitate that serves as a substrate of aconitase must have the same stereochemistry as that synthesized by PrpD. From this, it follows that the 2-methylaconitate isomer generated by AcnD is not a substrate of aconitase, and that PrpF is required to generate the correct isomer. As a consequence, the isomerase activity of PrpF may now be viewed as an integral part of the 2-methylcitric acid cycle.
Evaluating safety and efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) in elderly patients (pts) for advanced cancer treatment: A retrospective study (2018)

Background: Older pts with cancer require special consideration with respect to cancer treatment due to multiple comorbidities and an altered immune status. However, older pts are often under-represented in clinical trials, so information about the use of ICIs in elderly pts is marginal. Methods: We retrospectively identified cancer pts aged over 70 yrs treated with any ICI between 04/2012 and 04/2018. Tumor entities, laboratory parameters, steroid use, adverse events (AE) as well as survival and therapy data were compared. Results: 176 pts were included (120 M, 56 F), the median age was 75 yrs (range 70-89) with 89 pts aged 75 or younger (%) and 87 pts over 75 (%). 38 pts (22%) had ECOG 0, 100 pts (57%) had ECOG 1, 23 pts had ECOG 2-3 (13%), in 15 pts (8%) data was not available. 175 pts (99%) had preexisting medical problems. Assessed by the Cumulative Illness Rating Scale for Geriatrics (CIRS-G), 100 pts (57%) had severe comorbidities in at least one, 43 pts (24%) in at least two organ systems. 76 pts (43%) had no severe comorbidities. 89 pts (51%) had malignant melanoma, 62 (35%) non-small cell lung cancer and 8 (5%) renal-cell carcinoma. 155 pts (93%) were in a metastasized stage. 81 pts (46%) received pembrolizumab, 72 (41%) nivolumab, 35 (20%) ipilimumab, 3 (2%) atezolizumab, 1 (0.6%) durvalumab and azacitidin and 6 pts (3%) were treated with a combination of anti-PD(L)1- and anti-CTLA4-antibodies. 19pts (11%) received various consecutive ICIs. An average immunotherapy consisted of 10.2 doses (range 1-52 doses) and took 6.5 months (range 1 day – 3.9 yrs). 152 pts (86%) had AEs. 59 (34%) had severe AEs (CTCAE grad 3-4) and 63 pts (36%) required systemic corticosteroids due to AEs. We observed common described immune related AEs in 82 pts (47%). Therapy discontinuations due to AEs were in 35 pts (20%), in 23 pts (13%) the ICI was definitely stopped. We note a disease control rate (DCR) of 60% (21pts CR; 60pts PR, 67 pts SD) in the follow-up CT scans. The median survival under ICI was 11.8 months (range 5 days – 4.6 yrs). Conclusions: Our data encourage that the use of ICI in elderly is beneficial even though AEs are commonly reported and potentially harmful. Legal entity responsible for the study: Department of Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Freiburg University Medical Center, Freiburg, Germany. Funding: Has not received any funding. Disclosure: All authors have declared no conflicts of interest.
One-Millimeter Cancer-Free Margin Is Curative for Colorectal Liver Metastases (2013)

One-mm cancer-free resection margin achieved in patients with colorectal liver metastases should now be considered the standard of care.
First Human Chronic Experience with Cardiac Contractility Modulation by Nonexcitatory Electrical Currents for Treating Systolic Heart Failure: (2004)

CCM therapy appears to be safe and feasible. Proarrhythmic effects of this novel therapy seem unlikely. Preliminary data indicate that CCM gradually and significantly improves systolic performance, symptoms, and functional status. CCM therapy for 7 hours per day is associated with greater dispersion near the mean, emphasizing the need to individually tailor CCM delivery duration. The technique appears to be attractive as an additive treatment for severe HF. Controlled randomized studies are needed to validate this novel concept.
Water reuse in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia – status, prospects and research needs (2012)

Saudi Arabia is one of the driest countries in the world. While desalination plants currently installed in the country represent 30% of the world's desalination capacity, seawater desalination alone will not be able to provide sufficient supplies to meet the increasing freshwater demand. However, with only 9% of the total municipal wastewater generated currently being reused, the kingdom is projected as the third largest reuse market after China and the USA, and reuse capacities are projected to increase by 800% by 2016. This projected growth and the change in water portfolios offer tremendous opportunities to integrate novel approaches of water reclamation and reuse. This paper highlights the current status of reuse in the kingdom, discusses prospects of using distributed infrastructure for reuse tailored to local needs as well as the use of artificial recharge and recovery systems for reclaimed water. It also suggests research needs to helping overcoming barriers for wastewater reuse.
The Influence of Hydrogen Gas Treatment on the Characteristics of ZnO Films (2009)

This study presents a zinc oxide (ZnO) film deposited on a glass substrate by ultrasonic spraying pyrolysis. The ZnO nanostructure was formed by treating the as-deposited ZnO films with hydrogen. The root-mean-square (RMS) roughness increases from 5.83 nm to 12.53 nm during the treatment for 20 min, but slightly decreases to 11.87 nm at a treatment time of 30 min. In the range 400-500 nm, the transparency of all the films with hydrogen treatment is slightly lower than that of the untreated films. The slight drop in the transparency of the films with hydrogen treatment is caused by scattering from pin-holes or nanostructures on the surface.
Conformational analysis of a highly potent dicyclic gonadotropin-releasing hormone antagonist by nuclear magnetic resonance and molecular dynamics (1993)

Structural analysis of constrained (monocyclic) analogues of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) has led to the development of a model for the receptor-bound conformation of GnRH and to the design of highly potent, dicyclic GnRH antagonists. This is one of the first cases where a dicyclic backbone has been introduced into analogues of a linear peptide hormone with retention of high biological activity. Here we present a conformational analysis of dicyclo(4-10,5-8)[Ac-D-2Nal1-D-pClPhe2-D-Trp3-Asp4+ ++-Glu5-D-Arg6-Leu7-Lys8- Pro9-Dpr10]-NH2 (I), using two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and molecular dynamics simulation. Compound I inhibits ovulation in the rat at a dose of 5-10 micrograms (Rivier et al. In Peptides: Chemistry, Structure ad Biology; Rivier, J. E., Marshall, G. R., Eds.; ESCOM: Leiden, The Netherlands, 1990; pp 33-37). The backbone conformation of the 4-10 cycle in this dicyclic compound is very similar to that found previously for a parent monocyclic (4-10) GnRH antagonist (Rizo et al. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1992, 114, 2852-2859; ibid. 2860-2871), which gives strong support to the hypothesis that GnRH adopts a similar conformation upon binding to its receptor. In this conformation, residues 5-8 form a "beta-hairpin-like" structure that includes two transannular hydrogen bonds and a Type II' beta turn around residues D-Arg6-Leu7. The "tail" of the molecule formed by residues 1-3 is somewhat structured but does not populate a single major conformation. However, the orientation of the tail on the same side of the 4-10 cycle as the 5-8 bridge favors interactions between this bridge and the tail residues. These observations correlate with results obtained previously for the parent monocyclic (4-10) antagonist, and have led to the design of a series of new dicyclic GnRH antagonists with bridges between the tail residues and residues 5 or 8.
Efeito do tempo de exposição a uma atmosfera coqueificante na microestrutura e nas propriedades de um concreto refratário usado na indústria petroquímica (2012)

Os concretos refratários usados em unidades de craqueamento catalítico fluidizado (UFCC) podem sofrer deterioração pela deposição de coque durante o processo de produção de hidrocarbonetos leves, ocasionando a diminuição do tempo de funcionamento do reator e conseqüente perda financeira para as petroquímicas. Diversos estudos foram feitos, porém nenhum deles aponta conclusivamente para a parcela que esta deposição tem na deterioração do concreto, permanecendo a dúvida se ele é o responsável pelos danos observados macroscopicamente no riser de uma UFCC. Este trabalho visou estudar o efeito do tempo de exposição a uma atmosfera coqueificante sobre um concreto refratário anti-erosivo, classe C, buscando identificar mudanças nas propriedades físicas e microestruturais que evidenciem o mecanismo de degradação e que possam fornecer subsídios para análises conclusivas acerca do entendimento do fenômeno. Para isso, prepararam-se amostras de um concreto usado industrialmente em UFCC, submetidas a um processo de coqueificação forçado em reator piloto. Fixou-se a temperatura e a taxa de aquecimento em 540 ºC e 50 ºC/h, respectivamente, variando-se os tempos de exposição ao gás propeno em 10, 60, 120, 240 e 480 h. Os corpos de prova tiveram suas microestruturas caracterizadas via microscopia ótica e eletrônica de varredura e suas fases por difração de raios X. Outros ensaios complementares foram necessários para o entendimento do fenômeno. Os resultados mostraram que a superfície e a microestrutura do material gradativamente se impregnam de coque, que preenche os poros, as microtrincas e as trincas. Não foram encontradas evidências de microtrincamento em torno dos poros da matriz do concreto preenchidos com coque, porém os agregados apresentam algum tipo de deterioração com o tempo de exposição ao propeno, não necessariamente causados diretamente pelo coque.
Guardian of Glucose (2009)

At Mission Hospitals, Asheville, N.C., Craig Harris is a manager and Dawn Greene is a nurse educator of the cardiovascular intensive care and recovery units.
Handle and hole improvement by using new corner cutting subdivision scheme with tension (2002)

The Doubly Linked Face List (DLFL) structure introduces a powerful modeling paradigm that allows users to alternatively apply topological change operations and subdivision operations on a mesh structure. Moreover the DLFL is topologically robust in the sense that it always guarantees valid 2-manifold surfaces. We further study the relationship between DLFL structure and subdivision algorithms. First, we develop a new corner cutting scheme, which provides a tension parameter to control the shape of the subdivided surface. Second, we develop a careful and efficient algorithm for our corner cutting scheme on the DLFL structure that uses only the basic operations provided by the DLFL structure. This implementation ensures that our new corner cutting scheme preserves topological robustness. The comparative study shows that the corner cutting schemes create better handles and holes than Catmull-Clark (1978) scheme.
Hybrid integration of carbon nanotube emitters into silicon photonic nanoresonators (Conference Presentation) (2018)

Research of integrated light sources into the silicon platform has been extremely active for the past decades. Solutions such as the integration of III / V materials and components on silicon have been developed in a context of pre-industrial research, devices and systems intending very close to the market applications. The germanium(-tin) route has also demonstrated remarkable breakthroughs. The rationales of this research are the realization of optical interconnects. In parallel with these approaches, another interesting research field is the integration of nano-emitters, with the perspective of the realization of classical light sources but also of single photon and photon pair sources, in particular for quantum-on-chip communications. In this context, we propose the use of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) for the integration into silicon photonics towards novel optoelectronic devices. Indeed, CNTs are nanomaterials of particular interest in photonics thanks to their fundamental optical properties including near-IR luminescence, Stark effect, Kerr effect and absorption. Here, we report on the study of the light emission coupling from CNTs into optical nanobeam cavities implemented on the SOI platform. A wide range of situations have been studied by varying the deposition conditions of CNT-doped PFO polymer layers but also by considering different possible geometries of nanobeam cavities. Under optical pumping, we observe a very efficient coupling of the photoluminescence of the nanotubes with the modes of the nanocavities as well as a spectral narrowing of the photoluminescence spectra as a function of the optical power of the pump. These results contribute to the future realization of CNTs lasers, single photon and photon pair sources integrated on silicon. The authors thank the support of the European Commission's FP7-Cartoon project.
Experimental Investigation of Scaling Effect on Thermal Transport in Nanoscale Hot Spots (2009)

This article reports experimental investigation of the scaling effect on thermal transport in platinum nanoheaters deposited on a single crystalline silicon substrate. The size dependency of the thermal resistances of nanoheaters with dimensions from 5 μm down to 100 nm was experimentally obtained. Additional joule heating and electrical resistance thermometry in heater/sensor pairs of various dimensions and spacing (100 to 400 nm) were carried out in order to study the temperature distribution in the vicinity of these nanoheaters. The results of these two sets of measurements confirm that the thermal resistances of smaller nanoheaters are dominated by the interface resistance between the platinum and silicon substrate. Furthermore, analytical solutions of the BTE around a hot spot were used to evaluate and examine the significance of the localized heating or subcontinuum transport around a hot spot.
Remote Optical Detection of the Fusion State in Laser Deep Penetration Welding (2013)

Abstract We introduce a novel technique for the determination of the fusion state of laser welded blind joints (e.g. overlap joints) by measuring the vibrations of the workpiece during the welding process. In case of incomplete fusion, the workpiece vibrations differ significantly from the vibrations observed during a sound weld. The detection of the vibrations is performed by observing a speckle pattern on the workpiece surface. The movement of this pattern allows remote detection of the workpiece oscillations close to the keyhole. Those oscillations contain information on the fusion state of the weld.