gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Physical modeling of nanoscale NAND Flash memory reliability (2018)

La tecnologia di memoria Flash ha assunto al giorno d'oggi una posizione dominante nel mercato del data storage, essendo capace di fornire elevata densita di integrazione, bassi costi e alta affidabilita, principalmente con array memoria in tecnologia NAND. Lo scaling della tecnologia che ha permesso questo successo ha portato ad avere celle di memoria di dimensioni inferiori ai 20nm. Questo, tuttavia, ha causato un aumento dell'impatto dei singoli elettroni presenti nello stack di gate sulla tensione di soglia della cella (Vt). Questo ha introdotto molti limiti all’affidabilita, causati principalmente dai processi di cattura ed emissione di elettroni intrappolati in stati interfacciali e in difetti nell'ossido di tunnel. Questi processi devono quindi essere studiati da un punto di vista statistico e discreto al fine di modellizzare l’evoluzione della Vt delle celle di memoria. 
La necessita di proseguire lo scaling della tecnologia flash, nell'impossibilita di ridurre ulteriormente le dimensioni della cella senza comprometterne l'affidabilita, ha poi portato al design di celle di memoria NAND tridimensionali (3D-NAND) in sostituzione della tecnologia planare convenzionale. La tecnologia 3D-NAND ha permesso di aumentare le dimensioni di cella e allo stesso tempo di aumentare la densita di integrazione, grazie alla sovrapposizione di piu layer di celle lungo la direzione verticale. Questo ha pero portato anche nuovi problemi affidabilistici. Lo scopo di questa ricerca e l'analisi e la comprensione dei fenomeni di instabilita di Vt negli array di memoria NAND Flash e delle loro proprieta statistiche, con lo scopo ultimo di fornire tool predittivi capaci di stimare le capacita operative dell’array di memoria. Questo e stato fatto dapprima concentrandosi sul rumore telefrafico casuale (RTN) e sul detrapping da difetti nell'ossido, fenomeni che costituiscono la principale sorgente di instabilita di Vt in celle planari. Oltre a questi meccanismi, la temperatura operativa della cella di memoria gioca un ruolo importante nel determinare il valore di Vt e le sue instabilita nel tempo. Il ruolo della temperatura assume primaria importanza nelle celle 3-D NAND, dove il silicio policristallino viene utilizzato come materiale componente il canale conduttivo al posto dell'usuale subrato di silicio monocristallino. Questo lavoro ha indagato gli effetti della temperatura in array NAND e 3D-NAND osservando la dipendenza dalla temperatura di diversi parametri di cella, come la Vt stessa o la corrente di saturazione di stringa. Il lavoro costituisce una solida base per il futuro sviluppo di modelli analitici e numerici capaci di riprodurre questi effetti nelle piu recenti tecnologie di memoria 3-D NAND Flash.
BLUETOOTH/UWB DUAL-BAND PLANAR DIVERSITY ANTENNA WITH WIMAX AND WLAN BAND-NOTCH CHARACTERISTICS (2013)

In this paper, a stage wise realization of compact Bluetooth | UWB dual-band diversity antenna with WiMAX and WLAN band-notch characteristics is presented. The proposed structure consists of two co-planar semicircular dual band-notch monopole antennas, mounted with planar spiral. Individual antenna conflguration provides an impedance bandwidth (VSWR < 2) for dual- band i.e., both Bluetooth and UWB bands. For dual band-notch characteristic, two sets of spirals are capacitively coupled with the feed line of antenna. This conflguration provides band-notch (VSWR < 2) for WiMAX i.e., (3.3{3.6GHz) and WLAN (5.13{5.85GHz) bands. For enhancing reception capabilities of the proposed structure, twin coplanar antennas are used to fulflll diversity requirements. However, due to coplanar and close proximity to each other, there is high possibility of mutual coupling between coplanar antenna elements. To address the mutual coupling between elements, cross-strip variable- sized frequency selective structures are used. Antenna diversity of the proposed structure is validated by measuring radiation pattern characteristic and envelop co-relation factor (ECC). A good agreement between measured and simulated responses ensures that the proposed diversity antenna can be used for interference free Bluetooth/UWB dual-band applications.
Structural Characterization by Multistage Mass Spectrometry (MSn) of Human Milk Glycans Recognized by Human Rotaviruses (2014)

We have shown that recombinant forms of VP8* domains of the human rotavirus outer capsid spike protein VP4 from human neonatal strains (N155(G10P[11]) and RV3(G3P[6]) and a bovine strain (B223) recognize unique glycans within the repertoire of human milk glycans. The accompanying study by Yu et al.(2), describes a human milk glycan shotgun glycan microarray that led to the identification of 32 specific glycans in the human milk tagged glycan library that were recognized by these human rotaviruses. These microarray analyses also provided a variety of metadata about the recognized glycan structures compiled from anti-glycan antibody and lectin binding before and after specific glycosidase digestions, along with compositional information from mass analysis by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-mass spectrometry. To deduce glycan sequence and utilize information predicted by analyses of metadata from each glycan, 28 of the glycan targets were retrieved from the tagged glycan library for detailed sequencing using sequential disassembly of glycans by ion-trap mass spectrometry. Our aim is to obtain a deeper structural understanding of these key glycans using an orthogonal approach for structural confirmation in a single ion trap mass spectrometer. This sequential ion disassembly strategy details the complexities of linkage and branching in multiple compositions, several of which contained isomeric mixtures including several novel structures. The application of this approach exploits both library matching with standard materials and de novo approaches. This combination together with the metadata generated from lectin and antibody-binding data before and after glycosidase digestions provide a heretofore-unavailable level of analytical detail to glycan structure analysis. The results of these studies showed that, among the 28 glycan targets analyzed, 27 unique structures were identified, and 23 of the human milk glycans recognized by human rotaviruses represent novel structures not previously described as glycans in human milk. The functional glycomics analysis of human milk glycans provides significant insight into the repertoire of glycans comprising the human milk metaglycome.
Endothelin in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and its relation to airflow obstruction in asthma. (1995)

Endothelins (ETs) are a family of peptide mediators that have a number of biological properties, including the ability to act as potent bronchoconstrictors of isolated human airways. To examine the possible involvement of ET in asthma, we have performed fiberoptic bronchoscopy and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) on 10 healthy control subjects, 10 patients with atopic asthma treated with bronchodilators alone, and 8 patients with atopic asthma treated with inhaled and/or oral corticosteroids. Endothelin concentrations in BAL fluid were measured by radioimmunoassay and total protein concentrations by a colorimetric method. There was a significant increase in the BAL fluid ET levels in the non-steroid-treated patients with asthma compared with the normal subjects, when expressed either as a concentration (median, 0.30 versus 0.08 pM; p = 0.001) or in relation to total protein (median, 3.02 versus 1.08 pmol/g; p = 0.01). There was, however, no statistically significant difference in ET levels between the steroid-treated patients with asthma, and either of the other two groups. In the non-steroid-treated patients with asthma there was a significant negative correlation between the BAL fluid ET concentration and the % predicted FEV1 (r = -0.71, p = 0.03). This correlation was not significant in the steroid-treated subjects, and no correlation between BAL fluid ET concentrations and bronchial reactivity was found in any of the three groups. These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that ET contributes to the pathophysiology of asthma.
The use of virtual fixtures to enhance operator performance in time delayed teleoperation. (1993)

Abstract : This report reviews the notion of virtual fixtures for force-reflecting telepresence systems that has been introduced in a previous report and describes an additional study which demonstrates that such fixtures can reduce performance degradation due to transmission time delay. Real world tools and fixtures can enhance performance by guiding manual operations, providing localizing references, and reducing the mental processing required to perform a task. Virtual fixtures are computer-generated precepts overlaid onto the force-reflecting master workspace that have been shown to provide similar benefits in teleoperation tasks without time delay. Virtual fixtures are superimposed on top of the presentation of the remote site, completely independent of all sensory feedback from the remote worksite (and therefore unaffected by transmission delays). As a result, virtual fixtures act as high fidelity reference points overlaid on top of an otherwise time-distorted perceptual environment. This study expands the testing of the virtual fixture concept by using simple combinations of haptic surfaces as perceptual overlays in a standardized peg-insertion task, with the goal of minimizing performance degradation due to time delay. Six subjects were tested using a force-reflecting exoskeleton master device to control a slave robot arm with no time delay, 250 ms delay, and 450 ms delay. A Fitts' law paradigm quantified operator performance for each of four fixture configurations. Without the use of virtual fixtures, operator performance was reduced by 36% for the 250 ms delay and 44% for the 450 ms delay. With the use of the most effective virtual fixtures tested, there was no measured performance degradation in the time-delayed teleoperation.
Methylation and hydroxylation studies on aloe-emodin (1980)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMethylation and hydroxylation studies on aloe-emodinJose Alexander, Ashok V. Bhatia, Lester A. Mitscher, Shoji Omoto, and Toshio SuzukiCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1980, 45, 1, 20–24Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1980Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1980https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01289a004https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01289a004research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views554Altmetric-Citations26LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Use of Oxyma as pH modulatory agent to be used in the prevention of base‐driven side reactions and its effect on 2‐chlorotrityl chloride resin (2011)

The presence of low pKa N-hydroxylamines is beneficial in peptide chemistry as they reduce some base-mediated side reactions. Here we evaluated the applicability and buffering capacity of Ethyl 2-cyano-2-(hydroxyimino) acetate (Oxyma) in the prevention of aspartimide/piperidide formation and Pro-based overcoupling and compared it with the performance of HOBt and HOAt. In addition, the compatibility of these additives with the highly acid-labile 2-chlorotrityl chloride resin is examined.
Clinical experiences with extracorporeal immunoperfusion of plasma from cancer patients. (1984)

We have treated 11 patients having a variety of tumor types and three patients having mitomycin-C-associated thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) with extracorporeal plasma perfusion through filters containing immobilized protein A from Staphylococcus aureus. In performing more than 140 procedures we observed only minimal toxicity, of which fever, chills, nausea, and vomiting were the most common symptoms, occurring in 25% of the patients. Significant decrease in blood pressure and bronchospasm were rare complications. However, none of these side effects were severe enough to require therapeutic intervention. The antitumor effect of immunoperfusion was modest. In 10 adequately treated patients there was one measurable tumor reduction (40% decrease of original tumor mass). Two patients had correction of total small bowel obstruction, with return to normal food intake and restoration of normal bowel habits, lasting for 6 and 3 months; and two of the two adequately treated TTP patients had dramatic hematological improvement after four and five immunoperfusion treatments and are well at present. We found direct correlation between extent of complement activation and clinical toxicity. By temperature manipulation of the perfusion procedure we were able to control the above-mentioned side effects caused by complement activation.
Quantification of cannula artifacts in gradient echo magnetic resonance images (2012)

Article Quantification of cannula artifacts in gradient echo magnetic resonance images was published on August 27, 2012 in the journal Biomedical Engineering / Biomedizinische Technik (volume 57, issue SI-1-Track-C).
ChemInform Abstract: Methyl N‐(Diphenylmethyl)‐D,L‐tryptophanates: Synthesis and Benzodiazepine Receptor Affinity. (1991)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
3D CAD for Garment Design (1992)

The quality of graphics on modern workstations has improved to the stage where photographic image standards are possible. The difficulty now is that to use such equipment effectively, a designer has to create a complex image without the burden of excessive data input. Describes a system which meets this challenge by allowing the designer to enter and modify the complex edges and surfaces comprising the garment. Advantage is taken of the closed nature of the design problem whereby design takes place with respect to an underlying body form. The form is first represented as a shaded image. The designer can then move around the body form inserting style lines where desired, while making a visual assessment of shape and position. Further software tools allow the lines to be edited and the interpolating surfaces between the lines to be added. As the entities created are specified mathematically in 3D space, the required pattern shapes can be derived. To add visual realism to the images, fabric textures can be rendered onto the garment pieces while rotate and zoom facilities allow viewing from any angle and relative distance.
Epigenetic/Genetic Mismatch: Using Transdifferentiation as a Potential Cancer Therapy to Exploit the Cell Type Specificity of Cancer (2015)

Every cell type capable of proliferation can be malignantly transformed. However, there appears to be no naturally occurring universal set of genetic mutations capable of converting every cell type to a malignant state. Any specific cell type is generally resistant to transformation by the cancer mutations accumulated by cells of different lineages, presumably due to epigenetic differences. Evidence for this idea derives from experiments in which the developmental fates of cancer cells are altered to reduce malignancy. Reprogramming cancer cells to more primitive developmental states using pluripotency factors (IPS) or somatic nuclear transfer suppresses the malignant phenotype, as does subsequent directed differentiation to mature cells of lineages distinct from the originating cell. Direct transdifferentiation to an alternative cell fate also reduces tumorigenicity. In contrast, after reprogramming, cells induced to redifferentiate toward the original tumor cell type are tumorigenic. In these types of experiments an epigenetic/genetic mismatch often results in suppression of malignancy or cell death. Elucidating the specific transcription and cell signaling network incompatibilities will identify new targets for cancer therapy. Moreover, novel strategies to induce an incompatible transdifferentiated state, in which expression of thousands of genes are altered, will prove useful in controlling malignancies that otherwise easily evolve resistance to single target-based therapeutics. Engineering small molecules, genetic vectors, cytokines, growth factors, targeted extracellular vesicles, and cell fusion will help realize transdifferentiation-based therapeutics for cancer.
Noise-dependent optimal strategies for quantum metrology (2018)

For phase estimation using qubits, we show that for some noise channels, the optimal entanglement-assisted strategy depends on the noise level. We note that there is a nontrivial crossover between the parallel-entangled strategy and the ancilla-assisted strategy: in the former the probes are all entangled; in the latter the probes are entangled with a noiseless ancilla but not among themselves. The transition can be explained by the fact that separable states are more robust against noise and therefore are optimal in the high-noise limit, but they are in turn outperformed by ancilla-assisted ones.
Viscosity characterization and flow simulation and visualization of polytetrafluoroethylene paste extrusion using a green and biofriendly lubricant (2021)

Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) and expanded PTFE (ePTFE) are ideal for various applications. Because PTFE does not flow, even when heated above its melting point, PTFE components are fabricated using a process called paste extrusion. This process entails blending PTFE powder particles with a lubricant to form PTFE paste, which is subsequently preformed, extruded, expanded (in the case of ePTFE), and sintered. In this study, ethanol was proposed as an alternative green lubricant for PTFE processing. Not only is ethanol benign and biofriendly, it provides excellent wettability and processing benefits. Using ethanol as a lubricant, the shear viscosity of PTFE paste and its flow behavior during paste extrusion were investigated. Frequency sweeps using a parallel-plate rheometer were performed on PTFE paste samples and various grits of sandpaper were used to reduce wall slip of PTFE paste. A viscosity model was generated and a multiphysics software was used to simulate PTFE paste extrusion. The simulated extrusion pressure was compared to experimental data of actual paste extrusion. Flow visualization experiments using colored PTFE layers were conducted to reveal the flow profile of the PTFE paste. The morphology of the expanded ePTFE tubes was examined using scanning electron microscopy and the effect of expansion ratio on ePTFE morphology was quantified.
Cellular Pharmacology of Protein Kinase Mζ (PKMζ) Contrasts with Its in Vitro Profile (2012)

A number of recent studies have used pharmacological inhibitors to establish a role for protein kinase Mζ (PKMζ) in synaptic plasticity and memory. These studies use zeta inhibitory peptide (ZIP) and chelerythrine as inhibitors of PKMζ to block long term potentiation and memory; staurosporine is used as a negative control to show that a nonspecific kinase inhibitor does not block long term potentiation and memory. Here, we show that neither ZIP nor chelerythrine inhibits PKMζ in cultured cells or brain slices. In contrast, staurosporine does block PKMζ activity in cells and brain slices by inhibiting its upstream phosphoinositide-dependent kinase-1. These studies demonstrate that the effectiveness of drugs against purified PKMζ may not be indicative of their specificity in the more complex environment of the cell and suggest that PKMζ is unlikely to be the mediator of synaptic plasticity or memory.
Population Pharmacokinetics and Exposure‐Safety Relationships of Alisertib in Children and Adolescents With Advanced Malignancies (2021)

Population pharmacokinetic (PK) and exposure-safety analyses of alisertib were performed in children enrolled in 2 clinical trials: NCT02444884 and NCT01154816. NCT02444884 was a dose-finding study in children with relapsed/refractory solid malignancies (phase 1) or neuroblastomas (phase 2). Patients received oral alisertib 45 to 100 mg/m<sup>2</sup> as powder-in-capsule once daily or twice daily for 7 days in 21-day cycles. Serial blood samples were collected up to 24 hours after dosing on cycle 1, day 1. NCT01154816 was a phase 2 single-arm study evaluating efficacy in children with relapsed/refractory solid malignancies or acute leukemias. Patients received alisertib 80 mg/m<sup>2</sup> as enteric-coated tablets once daily for 7 days in 21-day cycles. Sparse PK samples were collected up to 8 hours after dosing on cycle 1, day 1. Sources of alisertib PK variability were characterized and quantified using nonlinear mixed-effects modeling to support dosing recommendations in children and adolescents. A 2-compartment model with oral absorption described by 3 transit compartments was developed using data from 146 patients. Apparent oral clearance and central distribution volume were correlated with body surface area across the age range of 2 to 21 years, supporting the use of body surface area-based alisertib dosing in the pediatric population. The recommended dose of 80 mg/m<sup>2</sup> once daily enteric-coated tablets provided similar alisertib exposures across pediatric age groups and comparable exposure to that in adults receiving 50 mg twice daily (recommended adult dose). Statistically significant relationships (P < .01) were observed between alisertib exposures and incidence of grade ≥2 stomatitis and febrile neutropenia, consistent with antiproliferative mechanism-related toxicities.
Copolymerization of Ethylene with 4-Methyl-1,3-pentadiene Promoted by Titanium Complexes Containing a Tetradentate [OSSO]-Type Bis(phenolato) Ligand (2009)

Copolymerization of ethylene with 4-methyl-1,3-pentadiene (4-MPD) catalyzed by 1,4-dithabutanediyl-linked bis(phenolato) titanium complexes 1 and 2 activated by methylaluminoxane (MAO) produced exclusively ethylene−4-MPD copolymers with high activity. The copolymer microstructure can be varied by changing the ratio between the monomers in the copolymerization feed, affording copolymers with 4-MPD content up to 83%. The resulting copolymer are crystalline as shown by thermal analysis and by the X-ray powder diffraction profiles. The microstructural features were fully elucidated by 13C NMR spectroscopy revealing that the copolymers with various 4-MPD content show a strong tendency to the alternating microstructure which was confirmed by the kinetic elaboration.