gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Human Papillomavirus Segregation Patterns in Genital and Nongenital Warts in Prepubertal Children and Adults (1991)

This study compared the segregation patterns of human papillomavirus (HPV) in genital and nongenital warts in prepubertal children and adults. HPV 2 was detected in most nongenital warts in children and adults, whereas neither HPV 6 or 11 was detected at nongenital sites in either group with the use of in situ or Southern blot hybridization analyses. Of nine genital tract lesions in children. HPV 2 was detected in two and HPV 6 or 11 in six. More than 90% of cases of regional tract condylomata in adults contained HPV 6 or 11. HPV 2 was not detected in any of 99 genital tract lesions in adults. It is concluded that HPV 6/11 cannot proliferate at nongenital cutaneous sites and HPV 2 can proliferate in the genital tract of children but not adults. Thus, the detection of HPV 6 or 11 in a genital wart in a child implies, assuming cutaneous transmission, infection from a genital site, whereas the detection of HPV 2 presumes nongenital transmission.
Combustion control using a multiplexed diode-laser sensor system (1996)

A multiplexed diode-laser sensor system, comprised of two InGaAsP diode lasers and fiber-optic components, has been developed to nonintrusively measure temperature and species concentration over a single path for closed-loop process control using laser absorption spectroscopy techniques. The system was applied to measure and control the gas temperature in the postflame gases 6 mm above the surface of a Hencken burner (for multiple CH 4 -air diffusion flames). The wavelengths of the lasers were independently current tuned across H 2 O transitions near 1343 nm ( ν 1 + ν 3 band) and 1392 nm (2 ν 1 , ν 1 + ν 3 bands). Temperature was determined from the ratio of measured peak absorption coefficients. H 2 O concentration was determined from the measured absorption coefficient of one transition set at the measured temperature. The mean temperatures recorded compared well with those measured by a thermocouple. Temperature fluctuations up to 250 Hz were measured accurately with the sensor system, demonstrating the high bandwidth of the measurement technique. A computer-controlled, closed-loop feedback circuit controlled the flame temperature in the probed region by adjusting the fuel flow in response to the difference between the measured and the desired gas temperature. The results obtained with this first-generation system demonstrate the potential of multiplexed diode lasers for rapid, continuous, nonintrusive, in situ measurements and control of combustion environments.
Aircraft performance and design (1998)

PART I: Preliminary Considertions 1 The Evolution of the Airplane and its Performance: A Short History 2 Aerodynamics of the Airplane: The Drag Polar 3 Some Propulsion Characteristics PART II: Airplane Performance 4 The Equations of Motion 5 Airplane Performance: Steady Flight 6 Airplane Performance: Accelerated Flight PART III Airplane Design 7 The Philosphy of Airplane Design 8 Design of a Propeller-Driven Airplane 9 Design of Jet-Propelled Airplanes Postface References Appendix A: Standard Altitude Table (SI Units) Appendix B: Standard Altitude Table (English Engineering Units)
JunB promotes cell invasion, migration and distant metastasis of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (2016)

These results suggested that JunB could play an important role in promoting cell invasion, migration and distant metastasis in HNSCC via pathways other than EMT and that the down-regulation of JunB may become an effective strategy for patients with invasive HNSCC.
Magnetic resonance enterography: 4 years experience in a tertiary medical center. (2011)

In our 4-year clinical experience with MRE this non-invasive and non-radiating modality proved to be a reliable technique for the evaluation and long-term follow-up of small bowel pathologies. The most common clinical indication was the evaluation of Crohn's disease. With physicians' increased awareness, the use of MRE in the evaluation of other small bowel pathologies such as neoplasm and celiac disease will increase. curate assessment of small intestinal disease remains c a challenge for both clinicians and radiologists. Until a decade ago, the modality most used to examine the small bowel in its entirety was barium-based techniques, such as neoplasm and celiac disease will increase.
Vaccines and Antiviral Drugs in Pandemic Preparedness (2006)

While measures such as closing schools and social distancing may slow the effects of pandemic influenza, only vaccines and antiviral drugs are clearly efficacious in preventing infection or treating illness. Unless the pandemic strain closely resembles one already recognized, vaccine will not be available early. However, studies can be conducted beforehand to address questions concerning vaccine dose, frequency of inoculation, and need for adjuvants. In contrast, antiviral drugs, particularly the neuraminidase inhibitors, will be effective for treatment and available if stockpiling takes place. Special questions need to be answered if a highly lethal virus, such as influenza A (H5N1), produces the pandemic. Both vaccines and antiviral drugs will be required for a coordinated strategy.
G proteins couple alpha-adrenergic and GABAb receptors to inhibition of peptide secretion from peripheral sensory neurons (1989)

Regulation of neuronal calcium channels by GTP-binding proteins (G proteins) is likely to be an important mechanism by which inhibitory transmitters influence excitation-secretion coupling in presynaptic nerve endings. Here, we report that in peripheral sensory neurons from embryonic chick dorsal root ganglia (DRG), the G protein-mediated inhibition of voltage-dependent calcium channels may best explain how norepinephrine (NE) and GABA inhibit the electrically evoked, calcium-dependent release of substance P (SP). As is the case for the previously reported inhibitory actions of these transmitters on DRG cell calcium channels, we demonstrate that NE and GABA inhibit peptide secretion through activation of alpha-adrenergic and GABAb receptors that are functionally coupled to pertussis toxin (PTX)-sensitive G proteins. Pretreatment of DRG cell cultures with PTX blocked the ability of NE and GABA to inhibit the release of SP, an action correlated with PTX-catalyzed ADP-ribosylation of membrane proteins with apparent molecular weight (Mr) of 40-41 kDa. Western immunoblot analysis of chick DRG cell membrane proteins using antisera directed against synthetic peptides corresponding to amino acid sequences predicted from cDNAs for PTX-sensitive G protein alpha subunits revealed a minimum of 2 Gi-like proteins (Mr 40 and 41 kDa) and a third Go-like protein (Mr 40 kD). Significantly, these findings implicate Gi- and/or Go-like GTP-binding proteins as mediators of presynaptic inhibition in peripheral sensory neurons.
An approach to operational risk modeling and estimation of safety levels for deep water work class remotely operated vehicle—A case study with reference to ROSUB 6000 (2016)

This paper presents a quantitative approach to operational risk modeling and estimation of safety integrity levels, required for the deep water electric work class remotely operated vehicle with reference to ROSUB6000 developed by the National Institute of Ocean Technology, India. ROSUB6000 is used for carrying out bathymetric surveys, gas hydrate surveys, poly-metallic nodule exploration, salvage operations, and meeting emergency response situations. The system is expected to be in operation for a period of 300 h per year, and has to be extremely safe and reliable. Methods and models for the quantitative assessment of operational safety and estimation of safety integrity levels for ROV are seldom available in the deep water intervention industry. The safety instrumented functions implemented in the ROV should be able to meet the SIL requirements of specific mission. This study indicates that the required safety factors are implemented into the design of the state-of-the-art ROV ROSUB 6000, considering IEC 61508/61511 recommendations on Health, Safety and Environment and it is found that the system is able to meet the required SIL for seven identified functions. This paper gives the design and safety engineers in the ROV industry, an overview of the numerical operational risk assessment methods and safety-centered ROV engineering.
Self-Assembled Monolayer Coatings on Amorphous Iron and Iron Oxide Nanoparticles:  Thermal Stability and Chemical Reactivity Studies (1997)

Self-assembled coatings of long chain thiols on nanoparticles of amorphous iron as well as on amorphous Fe2O3 were formed. The thermal stability of these coatings was investigated by thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) of the particles and by mass spectrometric analysis of the molecules desorbed from the surface by heating the amorphous substrates. The results showed a sharp weight loss centered at about 200 °C for the thiol-coated particles. The mass spectrometric study of the molecules removed from the surface of the amorphous iron revealed the formation of a dialkyl thioether. For the amorphous Fe2O3 surfaces, a dialkyl disulfide was removed from the surface. The desorptions from the Fe2O3 surface occurred at higher temperatures than those for the amorphous iron. The different mechanisms responsible for these desorption reactions are discussed.
High‐Throughput Scaffold System for Studying the Effect of Local Geometry and Topology on the Development and Orientation of Sprouting Blood Vessels (2019)

Abstract Live tissues require vascular networks for cell nourishing. Mimicking the complex structure of native vascular networks in vitro requires understanding the governing factors of early tubulogenesis. Current vascularization protocols allow for spontaneous formation of vascular networks; however, there is still a need to provide control over the defined network structure. Moreover, there is little understanding on sprouting decision and migration, especially within 3D environments. Here, tessellated polymer scaffolds with various compartment geometries and a novel two‐step seeding protocol are used to study vessel sprouting decisions. Endothelial cells first organize into hollow vessels tracing the shape contour with high fidelity. Subsequent sprouts emerge in specific directions, responding to compartment geometry. Time‐lapse imaging is used to track vessel migration, evidencing that sprouts frequently emerge from the side centers, mainly migrating toward opposing corners, where the density of support cells (SCs) is the highest, providing the highest levels of angiogenic factors. SCs distribution is quantified by smooth muscle actin expression, confirming the cells preference for curved compartment surfaces and corners. Displacements within the hydrogel correlate with SCs distribution during the initial tubulogenesis phase. This work provides new insight regarding vessel sprouting decisions that should be considered when designing scaffolds for vascularized engineered tissues.
Hormones (2000)

The article contains sections titled: 1. Introduction 1.1. Basic Principles 1.1.1. Definitions and Classification 1.1.2. Hormone-Producing Systems 1.1.3. Structural Analysis and Synthesis 1.1.4. Receptors and Mechanisms of Action 1.1.5. Therapeutic Use of Hormones 1.2. Peptide and Protein Hormones 1.2.1. HypothalamicHormones 1.2.2. Proopiomelanocortin Hormones 1.2.3. Glycoprotein Hormones 1.2.4. Growth Hormone, Prolactin, and Placental Lactogen 1.2.5. Placental Hormones 1.2.6. Calcium-Regulating Hormones 1.2.7. CardiovascularHormones 1.2.8. Glucose-Regulating Hormones 1.2.9. GastrointestinalHormones 1.2.10. Growth Factors and Related Peptides 1.2.11. New Hormonal Peptides and Proteins 1.3. Amino Acid Derivatives 1.3.1. Catecholamines and Indolamines 1.3.2. ThyroidHormones 1.4. Steroid Hormones 1.4.1. GonadalSteroids 1.4.2. AdrenalSteroids 1.4.3. Calciferols 1.4.4. New Synthetic Steroid Hormones 1.5. Prostaglandins 1.6. Hormone Antagonists and Analogues 2. Amino Acid Hormones 2.1. Thyroid Hormones 2.1.1. Physiology and Therapeutic Uses 2.1.2. Physical Properties 2.1.3. Production 2.2. Hormones of the Adrenal Medulla 3. Steroid Sex Hormones 3.1. Introduction 3.2. Partial Chemical Synthesis of Steroid Intermediates 3.2.1. Raw Materials 3.2.2. Partial Synthesis 3.3. Microbiological Methods for the Synthesisof Steroid Intermediates 3.4. Total Synthesis of Sex Hormones 3.5. Estrogens 3.5.1. General Aspects 3.5.2. Natural Estrogens and Estradiol Derivatives 3.5.3. Nonsteroidal Estrogens 3.5.4. Antiestrogens 3.6. Androgens and Anabolic Agents 3.6.1. General Aspects 3.6.2. Androgens 3.6.3. Antiandrogens 3.6.4. Anabolic Agents 3.7. Gestagens 3.7.1. General Aspects 3.7.2. Gestagens of the Pregnane and 19-Norpregnane Series 3.7.3. Gestagens of the Androstane Series 3.7.4. Gestagens of the 19-Norandrostane Series 3.7.5. Antigestagens 4. Adrenal Steroid Hormones 4.1. Introduction 4.2. Historical Aspects 4.3. Physiology and Mode of Action 4.4. Therapeutic Uses of Glucocorticoids 4.5. Therapy and Side Effects 4.6. Biosynthesis and Metabolism 4.7. Detection Methods 4.8. Naturally Occurring Glucocorticoids 4.8.1. Properties and Uses 4.8.2. Partial Synthesis of Cortisone 4.8.3. Partial Synthesis of Cortisol 4.9. Naturally Occurring Mineralocorticoids and Antagonists 4.9.1. Cortexone 4.9.2. Aldosterone 4.9.3. Spironolactone 4.10. Chemically Modified Adrenal Steroid Hormones 4.10.1. 1,2-Dehydrocorticosteroids 4.10.2. 9α-Halocorticosteroids 4.10.3. 16-Hydroxycorticosteroids 4.10.4. 6α-Methylcorticosteroids 4.10.5. 16-Methylcorticosteroids 4.10.6. 16-Methylenecorticoids 4.10.7. 6α-Fluoro-, 6α-Chloro-, and 6α,9α-Difluorocorticoids 4.10.8. 17-Deoxycorticosteroids 4.10.9. 9α,11β-Dihalocorticosteroids 4.11. Other Developments 5. Cholecalciferol 5.1. Introduction 5.2. Biosynthesis and Metabolism 5.3. Biological Activity 5.4. Chemical Synthesis 5.5. Synthetic Analogues
Direct design from data of LPV feedback controllers (2013)

In the paper, an approach for the direct design of LPV controllers from data is proposed. The approach overcomes some relevant problems typical of the standard design methods, such as model uncertainty and complex control design and/or implementation. After a preliminary closed-loop stability analysis, a relaxed algorithm for direct control design from data is presented. The resulting controller is able to provide closed-loop stability when the number of data used for design is large. Moreover, the controller is sparse, allowing an efficient implementation on real-time processors, and is almost-optimal in terms of tracking error precision. A numerical example, regarding control of the Duffing oscillator, is presented to show the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
In vivo cancer biomarkers of esophageal neoplasia (2008)

The emergence of in vivo cancer biomarkers is promising tool for early detection, risk stratification, and therapeutic intervention in the esophagus, where adenocarcinoma is increasing at a rate that is faster than any other in industrialized nations. Exciting advances in target identification, probe development, and optical instrumentation are creating tremendous new opportunities for advancing techniques of molecular imaging. Progress in these areas is being made with small animal models of esophageal cancer using surgical approaches to induce reflux of acid and bile, and these findings are beginning to be evaluated in the clinic. Further identification of relevant targets, characterization of specific probes, and development of endoscopic imaging technologies are needed to further this direction in the field of molecular medicine. In the future, new methods that use in vivo cancer biomarkers for the early detection of neoplastic changes in the setting of Barrett's esophagus will become available.
The frequency of PARKIN, LRRK2, GBA in early onset Parkinson disease patients who receive deep brain stimulation (P2.148) (2015)

OBJECTIVE: Analyze frequency and phenotype of genetic mutations in Parkinson disease (PD) subjects with deep brain stimulation (DBS) compared with non-DBS subjects. BACKGROUND: Genetic mutations are found in ~17[percnt] of early onset PD subjects (EOPD≤50). We hypothesized that mutations are over-represented in the DBS population compared with the general PD population since these subjects have a marked levodopa response with eventual dyskinesia and motor fluctuations. Mutation carriers, particularly GBA, may be at higher risk for cognitive decline after STN DBS, which is associated with cognitive impairment. DESIGN/METHODS: Subjects were fully sequenced for PARKIN, mutations in GBA, and common LRRK2 mutations. Columbia University, Rush University, and University of Pennsylvania enrolled 814 subjects. RESULTS: The combined prevalence of at least a single mutation was 25.9[percnt] (25/97) in the DBS group compared to 16.9[percnt] (109/684) in the non-DBS (χ2=4.45, p=0.035). There was no significant difference between PARKIN homozygotes/compound heterozygotes in the DBS group (n=4) versus the non-DBS group (n=15) regarding current age (p=0.44), mean age at onset (AAO) (p=0.90), UPDRS-III scores (p=0.82), or MMSE (p=0.89). There was no significant difference between PARKIN heterozygotes in the DBS group (n=6) versus the non-DBS group (n=25) regarding current age (p=0.47), AAO (p=0.23), or MMSE (p=0.09), but UPDRS-III scores were significantly higher in the DBS group (40.7 vs. 21.7, p=0.046). LRRK2 carriers all had the G2019S mutation. In the DBS group (n=5), LRRK2 carriers were older in age (p=0.01) but with earlier AAO (p=0.02) and had higher UPDRS-III scores (p=0.03) compared with the non-DBS group (n=25). There were no significant phenotypic differences between GBA carriers (n=11) in the DBS group versus the non-DBS group. CONCLUSIONS: Even in a cohort of EOPD, enriched for mutation carriers, the prevalence of genetic mutations is higher in those who receive DBS compared with those who do not. Study Supported by:Grant: R56NS0036630
Characterisation of the glycosaminoglycan component of matrix. (1991)

The glycosaminoglycan component (GAG-S) of Matrix was shown by electrophoretic and 13C NMR analyses to be a low-molecular weight chondroitin sulfate. NMR analysis also indicates that the internal composition of GAG-S is 72.5% chondroitin 6-sulfate and 27.5% chondroitin 4-sulfate, with a degree of polymerisation corresponding to about forty monosaccharide residues.
Determination of the spectrum of beta-thalassemia genes in Spain by use of dot-blot analysis of amplified beta-globin DNA. (1988)

We have delineated the molecular lesions causing beta-thalassemia in Spain, a country that has witnessed the passage of different Mediterranean populations over the centuries, in order to evaluate the extent of heterogeneity of these mutations and to make possible simplified prenatal diagnosis of the disorder in that country. The use of the polymerase chain-reaction (PCR) technique to preferentially amplify beta-globin DNA sequences that contain the most frequent beta-thalassemia mutations in Mediterraneans enabled us to rapidly analyze 58 beta-thalassemia alleles in a dot-blot format either by hybridization with allele-specific radiolabeled oligonucleotide probes or by direct sequence analysis of the amplification product. The Spanish population carries seven different beta-thalassemia mutations; the nonsense codon 39 is predominant (64%), whereas the IVS1 position 110 mutation, the most common cause of beta-thalassemia in the eastern part of the Mediterranean basin, is underrepresented (8.5%). The IVS1 mutation at position 6 accounts for 15% of the defects and leads to a more severe form of beta+-thalassemia than originally described in most of the patients we studied. In this study, we demonstrate further the usefulness of the dot-blot hybridization of PCR-amplified genomic DNA in both rapid population surveys and prenatal diagnosis of beta-thalassemia.
A Prospective Study of Transplant Recipients Hepatitis C Virus Infection Among Renal (1993)

BacWound: Chronic non-A, non-B hepatitis is a major cause of liver disease in renal transplant recipients. Methods: One hundred eighty-five renal ailograft recipients, including 151 who had been prospectively followed up for 24 months, were studied to determine the prevalence and course of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. Antibody to HCV (anti-HCV) was measured by enzyme immunoassay, and HCV RNA was measured by nested polymerase chain reaction assay. Results: Twenty-three (12.4%) patients were positive for anti-HCV and/or HCV RNA: 19 (10.3%) were anti-HCV positive; and HCV RNA was detected in 18 (94.7%) anti-HCV-positive and 4 (2.4%) anti-HCV-negative patients. Markers of HCV infection persisted in all HCVpositive patients over the 2-year period. Most HCV-positlve patients acquired HCV infection before or at the time of transplantation. The incidence of new infection after transplantation was 0.45% per patient-year. Anti-HCV and/or HCV RNA was detected in 75% of patients wlth biochemical chronic non-A, non-B hepatitis, but transaminase levels were persistently normal in 30.4% of HCV-positive individuals. Conc/usions: HCV infection is common among renal transplant recipients. Testing for HCV RNA is important because some patients might not produce anti-HCV. Transaminase levels cannot be used as a surrogate marker of HCV infection in these patients.
Development of Novel Iron Sulfide Scale Control Chemicals (2018)

Abstract Increasing production activities in sour environments with equipment and piping made of low corrosion- resistant carbon steel result in significant iron sulfides (FeS) corrosion and scaling problems. FeS scale control is challenging as FeS formation is favored in production water chemistry (extremely low solubility and fast precipitation kinetics) with complex phase transformations. Efficient chemical control of FeS scales has not been found. A polymeric compound containing amide or its derivative functionalities showed a promising effect by controlling the FeS particle size on a nano-meter scale at threshold quantities. The FeS scales were successfully managed by forming a stable FeS particle suspension in the aqueous phase without partitioning into the oil-water interface. Current development focuses on understanding the interactions between the polymeric-compound based dispersants and environmental factors such as the presence of an oil phase, as well as silica. In addition, performance improvement of the identified dispersants by new chemical additives has been explored. Our results show that biocides such as Tetrakis (hydroxymethyl) phosphonium chloride (THPS) may not be as effective as needed for FeS scale inhibition benefit. At the tested conditions, EDTA shows satisfactory FeS scale inhibition and dissolution performance. In addition, silica significantly affects wettability of FeS particles with part of the previously oil-wet FeS partitioning into the aqueous phase. The FeS inhibition and dissolution effects of EDTA are kinetically "poisoned" by silica; while FeS-dispersing effect of polymeric compounds remains unaffected. However, the previously-shown ability that polymer dispersants keep already-formed large size FeS particles in the aqueous phase is also impaired.
Numerical and Experimental Evaluation of an Inexpensive Piezoelectric Accelerometer (2006)

This paper first introduces the accelerometer structure, and an equivalent circuit analysis is carried out to show the parameters that determine the dynamic behavior of the accelerometer. A Finite Element Analysis (FEA) is performed in detail, in order to evaluate the impact of various details on model accuracy. Three FEA models, of varying complexity, are developed and analyzed using ANSYS 9.0. To validate the accelerometer model, an experiment is described, followed by results. The trade-offs between the various design parameters and their effects upon performance are discussed.