gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Adenoviral-Mediated Gene Transfer of Human Surfactant Protein B to Respiratory Epithelial Cells (1994)

Human surfactant protein B (SP-B) is a 79-amino acid, phospholipid-associated polypeptide expressed by respiratory epithelial cells of the lung. SP-B is essential for lung function, enhancing the spreading and stability of surfactant phospholipids that serve to reduce surface tension at the alveolar air-liquid interface. Congenital absence of SP-B results in neonatal respiratory failure and death. In the present work, we constructed a replication-deficient adenoviral vector, Av1SP-B1, in which the human SP-B cDNA is expressed under control of the Rous sarcoma virus (RSV) promoter in an E1-E3-deleted adenovirus type 5 (Ad5)-based vector system. Av1SP-B1 was produced in 293 kidney cells, directing the synthesis of the SP-B protein and SP-B peptides. Av1SP-B1 directed the synthesis of SP-B mRNA, precursor and active 8-9 kD polypeptide in immortalized mouse lung epithelial cells (MLE-12 cells), demonstrating complete processing to the human SP-B protein by these cells. Synthesis of human SP-B mRNA was detected as early as 12 h after infection and was maximal 48 h after infection in vitro. Northern blot analysis demonstrated that human SP-B mRNA was expressed in the lungs of cotton rats infected with Av1SP-B1 but not in those of uninfected animals or in animals infected with a reporter adenoviral vector, Av1LacZ4. In situ hybridization demonstrated the abundance and localization of the transferred human SP-B mRNA.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Opportunistic beam training with hybrid analog/digital codebooks for mmWave systems (2015)

Millimeter wave (mmWave) communication is one solution to provide more spectrum than available at lower carrier frequencies. To provide sufficient link budget, mmWave systems will use beamforming with large antenna arrays at both the transmitter and receiver. Training these large arrays using conventional approaches taken at lower carrier frequencies, however, results in high overhead. In this paper, we propose a beam training algorithm that efficiently designs the beamforming vectors with low training overhead. Exploiting mmWave channel reciprocity, the proposed algorithm relaxes the need for an explicit feedback channel, and opportunistically terminates the training process when a desired quality of service is achieved. To construct the training beamforming vectors, a new multi-resolution codebook is developed for hybrid analog/digital architectures. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm achieves a comparable rate to that obtained by exhaustive search solutions while requiring lower training overhead when compared to prior work.
Fabrication of Self-Aligned SWCNT-ADT Self-Assembled Monolayers on Gold Substrates (2010)

In this study, the author described the fabrication of self-assembled monolayers (SAM) of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube-1-Aminodecanethiol (SWCNT-ADT) on gold substrates. The substrates were investigated using advanced techniques such as electrochemical quartz crystal microscopy (EQCM), atomic three microscopy (AFM), FT-IR. Raman spectroscopy, and cyclic voltammetry (CV). The SWCNTs ere chemically cut into short pipes and then thiol-derivatized at the open ends. The self-aligned aggregation of SWCNT-ADTs as made by their spontaneous chemical bonding between carboxyl derivatized SWCNT-COOH with ADT SAM on gold surfaces via peptides conjugations or directly by synthesized SWCNT-ADT. Raman spectroscopy and AFM observation clearly show that the SWCNT-ADT (dia. 7-13 nm) has been organized on gold (111) substrates, forming a SAM with a perpendicular or parallel orientation.
Burst reduction properties of the leaky bucket flow control scheme in ATM networks (1994)

The leaky bucket is a simple flow control scheme for ATM networks. An arriving cell can be transmitted only if it finds a token in the token buffer, in which case it is transmitted instantaneously by consuming a token. If the token buffer is empty, the cell has to wait until the generation of a new token. For purposes of analysis the authors assume an infinite cell buffer. The control parameter is the token buffer size C. The authors examine the burstiness of the output how as a function of C and show that the burstiness increases with C. In particular the output flow is always less bursty than the input flow. This monotonicity simplifies optimal choice of the token buffer size. The result is true for fairly arbitrary input flows and deterministic token generation times.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Shock Propagation and MPT Noise From a Transonic Rotor in Nonuniform Flow (2012)

One of the major challenges in high-speed fan stages used in compact, embedded propulsion systems is inlet distortion noise. A body-force-based approach for the prediction of multiple-pure-tone (MPT) noise was previously introduced and validated. In this paper, it is employed with the objective of quantifying the effects of nonuniform flow on the generation and propagation of MPT noise. First-of-their-kind back-to-back coupled aero-acoustic computations were carried out using the new approach for conventional and serpentine inlets. Both inlets delivered flow to the same NASA/GE R4 fan rotor at equal corrected mass flow rates. Although the source strength at the fan is increased by 38 dB in sound power level due to the nonuniform inflow, far-field noise for the serpentine inlet duct is increased on average by only 3.1 dBA overall sound pressure level in the forward arc. This is due to the redistribution of acoustic energy to frequencies below 11 times the shaft frequency and the apparent cut-off of tones at higher frequencies including blade-passing tones. The circumferential extent of the inlet swirl distortion at the fan was found to be two blade pitches, or 1/11th of the circumference, suggesting a relationship between the circumferential extent of the inlet distortion and the apparent cut-off frequency perceived in the far field. A first-principles-based model of the generation of shock waves from a transonic rotor in nonuniform flow showed that the effects of nonuniform flow on acoustic wave propagation, which cannot be captured by the simplified model, are more dominant than those of inlet flow distortion on source noise. It demonstrated that nonlinear, coupled aerodynamic and aero-acoustic computations, such as those presented in this paper, are necessary to assess the propagation through nonuniform mean flow. A parametric study of serpentine inlet designs is underway to quantify these propagation effects.
A Dinucleotide Deletion Results in Defective Membrane Anchoring and Circulating Soluble Glycoprotein Ibα in a Novel Form of Bernard-Soulier Syndrome (1997)

The platelet membrane glycoprotein (GP)Ib-V-IX complex is the receptor for von Willebrand factor and is composed of four membrane-spanning polypeptides: GPIbα, GPIbβ, GPIX, and GPV. A qualitative or quantitative deficiency in the GPIb-V-IX complex on the platelet membrane is the cause of the congenital platelet disorder Bernard-Soulier syndrome (BSS). We describe the molecular basis of a novel variant BSS in a patient in which GPIbα was absent from the platelet surface but present in a soluble form in the plasma. DNA sequence analysis showed a homozygous dinucleotide deletion in the codon for Tyr 508 (TAT) in GPIbα. This mutation (GPIbαΔAT) causes a frame shift that alters the amino acid sequence of GPIbα within its transmembrane region. The hydrophobic nature of the predicted transmembrane region and the cytoplasmic tail at the COOH terminal are altered before reaching a new premature stop codon 38 amino acids short of the wild-type peptide. Although GPIbαΔAT was not detectable on the platelet surface, immunoprecipitation of plasma with specific monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs) identified circulating GPIbα. Transient expression of recombinant GPIbαΔAT in 293T cells also generated a soluble form of the protein. Moreover, when a plasmid encoding GPIbαΔAT was transiently transfected into Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells stably expressing the GPβ-IX complex, it failed to be expressed on the cell surface. Thus, a dinucleotide deletion in the codon for Tyr 508 causes a frameshift that alters the amino acid sequence of GPIbα starting within its transmembrane region, changes the hydrophobicity of the normal transmembrane region, and truncates the cytoplasmic domain affecting binding to the cytoskeleton and cytoplasmic proteins. This mutation affects anchoring of the GPIbα polypeptide in platelets and causes the observed BSS phenotype with circulating soluble GPIbα.
A Comparison of Automated Perfusion- and Manual Diffusion-Based Human Regulatory T Cell Expansion and Functionality Using a Soluble Activator Complex (2020)

Absence or reduced frequency of human regulatory T cells (Tregs) can limit the control of inflammatory responses, autoimmunity, and the success of transplant engraftment. Clinical studies indicate that use of Tregs as immunotherapeutics would require billions of cells per dose. The Quantum® Cell Expansion System (Quantum system) is a hollow-fiber bioreactor that has previously been used to grow billions of functional T cells in a short timeframe, 8-9 d. Here we evaluated expansion of selected Tregs in the Quantum system using a soluble activator to compare the effects of automated perfusion with manual diffusion-based culture in flasks. Treg CD4<sup>+</sup>CD25<sup>+</sup> cells from three healthy donors, isolated via column-free immunomagnetic negative/positive selection, were grown under static conditions and subsequently seeded into Quantum system bioreactors and into T225 control flasks in an identical culture volume of PRIME-XV XSFM medium with interleukin-2, for a 9-d expansion using a soluble anti-CD3/CD28/CD2 monoclonal antibody activator complex. Treg harvests from three parallel expansions produced a mean of 3.95 × 10<sup>8</sup> (range 1.92 × 10<sup>8</sup> to 5.58 × 10<sup>8</sup>) Tregs in flasks (mean viability 71.3%) versus 7.00 × 10<sup>9</sup> (range 3.57 × 10<sup>9</sup> to 13.00 × 10<sup>9</sup>) Tregs in the Quantum system (mean viability 91.8%), demonstrating a mean 17.7-fold increase in Treg yield for the Quantum system over that obtained in flasks. The two culture processes gave rise to cells with a memory Treg CD4<sup>+</sup>CD25<sup>+</sup>FoxP3<sup>+</sup>CD45RO<sup>+</sup> phenotype of 93.7% for flasks versus 97.7% for the Quantum system. Tregs from the Quantum system demonstrated an 8-fold greater interleukin-10 stimulation index than cells from flask culture following restimulation. Quantum system-expanded Tregs proliferated, maintained their antigenic phenotype, and suppressed effector immune cells after cryopreservation. We conclude that an automated perfusion bioreactor can support the scale-up expansion of functional Tregs more efficiently than diffusion-based flask culture.
Combined 18F-FDG-PET/CT imaging of the head and neck (2006)

Artifacts and biases from dental implants can be reduced in PET/CT imaging by applying a simple MAR as part of the CT-AC.
Intramolecular γ C–H insertion vs. olefin cycloaddition in 4-methylene-2-adamantylidene and 8-methylene-2-noradamantylidene (1985)

8-Methylene-2-noradamantylidene inserts readily into the γ C–H bond giving 6-methylene-2,4-didehydro-noradamantane rather than the olefin-cycloaddition product, while its higher homolouge 4-methylene-2-adamantylidene reacts exclusively by intramolecular cycloaddition to the olefinic bond yielding 2,4-methano-2,4-didehydroadamantane, a [3.1.1.]propellane.
Performance Comparison of Three Storage Systems for Mild HEVs Using PHIL Simulation (2009)

Hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) would contribute to energy saving and greenhouse effect reduction if they were to be massively launched on the market. A notable effort has been done in simulation to optimize energy consumption and component sizing. Power-hardware-in-the-loop (PHIL) simulation could be a further step to obtain more realistic performance and to compare different solutions, including economic aspects. This paper deals with the implementation on a high dynamic test bench of a diesel mild parallel HEV using the PHIL technique. Three configurations, corresponding to different energy-storage systems, have been tested under the same conditions. Power, energy, consumption, and pollutant emission performance, which are measured on the test bench, are compared and discussed.
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: Pros and Cons of Histologic Systems of Evaluation (2016)

The diagnostic phenotype of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)--in particular, the most significant form in terms of prognosis, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH)--continues to rely on liver tissue evaluation, in spite of remarkable advances in non-invasive algorithms developed from serum-based tests and imaging-based or sonographically-based tests for fibrosis or liver stiffness. The most common tissue evaluation remains percutaneous liver biopsy; considerations given to the needle size and the location of the biopsy have the potential to yield the most representative tissue for evaluation. The pathologist's efforts are directed to not only global diagnosis, but also assessment of severity of injury. Just as in other forms of chronic liver disease, these assessments can be divided into necroinflammatory activity, and fibrosis with parenchymal remodeling, in order to separately analyze potentially reversible (grade) and non-reversible (stage) lesions. These concepts formed the bases for current methods of evaluating the lesions that collectively comprise the phenotypic spectra of NAFLD. Four extant methods have specific applications; there are pros and cons to each, and this forms the basis of the review.
Crime Prevention Through Building Codes (1981)

Recently, throughout the crime prevention field, there has been a great deal of discussion concerning the advantages of strategies that prevent crime by reducing the opportunity for criminal occurrence. These discussions encompass Crime Prevention through Environmental Design, Community Crime Prevention Planning, Police Role in Crime Prevention, and, the topic of this paper, Security Code Implementation. This topic encompasses the advantages of establishing minimum security standards, increasing citizen awareness of security, and legitimizing crime prevention as a responsibility of the community. This paper will discuss the types of building security codes and the processes by which they are implemented and complied with. The evaluation of a code's effectiveness will be elaborated upon, and sources of resistance to code implementation outlined. Finally, recommendations are made for successful adoption of security codes in your community.
Not the Bishops' Finest Hour: Economic Justice with Cerberus Unchained? (2017)

I contend that the U.S. Catholic Bishops Forming Consciences for Faithful Citizenship letter, issued at the end of November, 2007, misses the mark. It is caught up in excessive pragmatism, caution, and prudence, having failed to squarely come to grips with the 2004 reception of the Eucharist by pro-abortion Catholic politicians, most prominently, Presidential Candidate John Kerry. And, as a matter of social justice, the 2007 letter lacks the fervor and the authenticity of the Bishops' 1986 letter, Economic Justice for All.
A Water-Soluble Spin Probe Newly Developed for Liposomal Studies (1992)

Abstract A water-soluble spin probe, disodium 4-[(4,8-sulfonatooxy-2-naphthyl)thioureylene]-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-1-piperidinyloxyl (TEMPO-T) was newly synthesized and characterized comparing with several different TEMPO derivatives from the view point of a possibility of utilization in the liposomal studies. Of TEMPO derivatives studied, TEMPO-T was the best probe because of the high water solubility, the less lipophilicity, the less leakiness from liposome, and the reliable stability to both temperature and pH changes.
Supplementation of 17β-Estradiol Normalizes Rapid Gastric Emptying by Restoring Impaired Nrf2 and nNOS Function in Obesity-Induced Diabetic Ovariectomized Mice (2020)

Gastroparesis (Gp) is a multifactorial condition commonly observed in females and is characterized by delayed or rapid gastric emptying (GE). The role of ovarian hormones on GE in the pathogenesis of obesity induced type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is completely unknown. The aims of our study are to investigate whether supplementation of 17β-estradiol (E<sub>2</sub>) or progesterone (P<sub>4</sub>) restores impaired nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2, an oxidative stress-responsive transcription factor) and nitric oxide (NO)-mediated gastric motility in ovariectomized (OVX) mice consuming a high-fat diet (HFD, a model of T2DM). Groups of OVX+HFD mice were administered daily subcutaneous doses of either E<sub>2</sub> or P<sub>4</sub> for 12 weeks. The effects of E<sub>2</sub> and P<sub>4</sub> on body weight, metabolic homeostasis, solid GE, gastric antrum NO-mediated relaxation, total nitrite levels, neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOSα), and its cofactor expression levels were assessed in OVX+HFD mice. HFD exacerbated hyperglycemia and insulinemia while accelerating GE (<i>p</i> < 0.05) in OVX mice. Exogenous E<sub>2</sub>, but not P<sub>4</sub>, attenuated rapid gastric emptying and restored gastric nitrergic relaxation, total nitrite levels, nNOSα, and cofactor expression via normalizing Nrf2-Phase II enzymes, inflammatory response, and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) protein expression in OVX+HFD mice. We conclude that E<sub>2</sub> is beneficial in normalizing metabolic homeostasis and gastric emptying in obese, diabetic OVX mice consuming a fat-rich diet.
A study on the relationship between upstream and downstream conditions in swirling two-phase flow (2020)

Inline fluid separation is a concept, which is used in the oil and gas industry. Inline fluid separators typically have a static design and hence changing inlet conditions lead to less efficient phase separation. For introducing flow control into such a device, additional information is needed about the relationship of upstream and downstream conditions. This paper introduces a study on this relationship for gas/liquid two-phase flow. The downstream gas core development was analyzed for horizontal device installation in dependence of the inlet gas and liquid flow rates. A wire-mesh sensor was used for determining two-phase flow parameters upstream and a high-speed video camera to obtain core parameters downstream the swirling device. For higher accuracy of the calculated void fraction, a novel method for wire-mesh sensor data analysis has been implemented. Experimental results have shown that void fraction data of the wire-mesh sensor can be used to predict the downstream behavior for a majority of the investigated cases. Additionally, the upstream flow pattern has an impact on the stability of the gas core downstream which was determined by means of experimental data analysis.
DSM-5 gambling disorder: Prevalence and characteristics in a substance use disorder sample. (2014)

The fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) replaced the fourth edition's (DSM-IV) diagnosis of Pathological Gambling (PG) with Gambling Disorder (GD). GD differs from PG in that it requires 4 rather than 5 criteria for diagnosis and excludes the "Illegal Acts" criterion. We examined the prevalence of GD and its characteristics and validity in a substance-use disorder (SUD) sample. Participants (N = 6,613) in genetic studies of substance dependence underwent a semistructured psychiatric interview. Individuals who reported ever having gambled $10 at least monthly (n = 1,507) were the focus of the analyses. Approximately one third of acknowledged gamblers (n = 563; 8.5% of the total sample) received PG (DSM-IV) and GD (DSM-5) diagnoses and 678 (10.3% of the total) received only a DSM-5 diagnosis, representing an increase of 20.4% relative to DSM-IV. Although the 3 groups were comparable demographically, the DSM-5-Only group was intermediate between the other 2 groups on the prevalence of comorbid SUDs, the distribution of DSM-IV PG criteria endorsed, and the types of gambling reported. Multinomial logistic regression analysis showed that the DSM-5-Only group was more likely than the No-Diagnosis group and less likely than the Both-Diagnoses group to acknowledge a gambling problem. In conclusion, there was a high prevalence of PG in this SUD sample. Analysis of non-DSM variables suggested that the increased sensitivity of the DSM-5 GD diagnosis successfully identifies a broader set of individuals with clinically significant gambling-related problems. Prospective studies of individuals with GD are needed to validate this finding.
Transporting compressed video over ATM networks with explicit-rate feedback control (1999)

We propose a scheme for transmission of variable bit rate (VBR) compressed video for interactive applications using the explicit-rate congestion-control mechanisms proposed for the available bit rate (ABR) service in asynchronous transfer mode networks. Compressed video is inherently bursty, with rate fluctuations over both short and long time scales. This source behavior can be accommodated by the ABR service, since the explicit-rate scheme allows sources to request varying amounts of bandwidth over time. Moreover, when the bandwidth demand cannot be met, the network provides feedback indicating the bandwidth currently available to a connection. In our scheme, the video source rate is matched to the available bandwidth by modifying the quantization level used during compression. We use trace-driven simulations to examine how effective the enhanced explicit-rate scheme is in "rate matching" between the network and the source and the effect on end-to-end delay. We also look at the sensitivity of the proposed scheme to the estimates of the network round-trip times and to inaccuracies in the rate requests made by sources.
Composition of the essential oils ofPelargonium odoratissimum,P. exstipulatum, andP. � fragrans (Geraniaceae) and their bioactivity (2000)

The volatile oils of the leaves of two Pelargonium species, P. exstipulatum (Cav.) L'Herit. and P. odoratissimum (L.) L'Herit. (Geraniaceae) and a hybrid, P. × fragrans, were obtained by steam distillation and the chemical components were identified by capillary GC and GC–MS. Methyl eugenol was high in P. odoratissimum and P. × fragrans; fenchone and limonene was common in all three, whilst thujene and α-pinene were high in P. exstipulatum and P. fragrans, showing that the probable parents of the latter were P. exstipulatum and P. odoratissimum. Pharmacological activity on smooth muscle in vitro showed that all three had a post-synaptic spasmolytic effect, which was mediated via cyclic AMP in P. odoratissimum and P. × fragrans. Microbiological activity against Staphylococcus aureus, S. epidermidis, Proteus vulgaris and Bacillus cereus was similar for P. odoratissimum and P. × fragrans, and resembled that of commercial geranium oil. The results suggest that these essential oils could be used as relaxant agents in aromatherapy products and as novel antimicrobial agents in food preservation or household products. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.