gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Characterization of grouper nervous necrosis virus (GNNV) (2001)

Grouper nervous necrosis virus (GNNV) was isolated from moribund grouper larvae, Epinephelus sp., using a fish cell line GF‐1. The present study describes the biochemical and biophysical properties of GNNV and the expression of GNNV in diseased grouper larvae. Viral protein was detectable in most of the GNNV‐infected GF‐1 cells by the fluorescent antibody technique (FAT) after 12 h post‐infection (p.i.), although no cytopathic effect (CPE) appeared at that time. Clear CPE developed on the third day, and complete disintegration of the monolayer occurred over the subsequent two days. The infectivity of GNNV can be blocked following treatment at 60 °C for 1 h. GNNV was sensitive to pH 3 and pH 10–12 with a 4 log 10 drop in infectivity. Purified GNNV was analysed by SDS–PAGE, and then stained with periodic acid silver. The positive staining indicated that its two capsid proteins were glycoproteins. Genomic RNAs of GNNV were extracted from purified virions and analysed. The molecular weights of genomic RNAs were 1.02 × 10 6 and 0.50 × 10 6 Da. The T2 region of the coat protein gene of GNNV was amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and the multiple alignment of the T2 sequence of two GNNV isolates with four genotypes of fish nodaviruses revealed that these two isolates (GNNV9410 and GNNV9508) belong to the red‐spotted grouper nervous necrosis virus (RGNNV) genotype. The tissue distribution of GNNV in naturally infected grouper larvae was investigated by in situ hybridization using a dig‐labelled probe, which showed that GNNV was not only detected in the brain and retina, but also in the gill, skeletal muscle, liver, pyloric gland, intestine and blood cells in the heart.
Operative stabilization of nonpenetrating chest injuries. (1975)

Since 1958, a series of 112 patients with severe or moderately severe chest injuries have been treated. An aggressive policy has been adopted toward correcting or preventing major paradoxical chest wall movement by intramedullary pinning of ribs, costal cartilages, and the sternum. Whenever possible, positive-pressure mechanical ventilation and tracheostomy have been avoided. Fifty patients underwent stabilizing operations. The surgical approach was anterolateral in 12 (average 3.3 pins), posterolateral in 35 (average 6.8 pins), and midsternal in 3. Tracheostomy was performed in 8 of these 50 patients. Three died, on the first, third, and twenty-fifth days after injury. The tracheostomy was used only for aspiration of secretions in 3 others and for postoperative intermittent positive-pressure ventilation in 2 others. The duration of intermittent positive-pressure ventilation was 14 days and 1 day, respectively, Orotracheal intubation with positive-pressure mechanical ventilation after operation was required for more than a few hours in 3 patients, 1 of whom died. The 2 survivors were ventilated for 1 and 5 days. There was a total of 11 hospital deaths in these 50 cases. However, in 2 patients the severity of the initial injuries was thought to make death inevitable. Three of the patients who died were over 70 years of age. Operative stabilization permits avoidance or reduction in the duration of tracheostomy and mechanical ventilation. Permanent chest wall deformity is lessened or avoided.
Effect of sinusoidal 50 Hz magnetic field on the testosterone production of mouse primary Leydig cell culture (1998)

This study evaluated the effect of sinusoidal 50 Hz magnetic field on the basal and human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)-stimulated testosterone (T) production of 48-h mouse Leydig cell culture. The luteinizing hormone (LH) analog hCG was used to check the T response of the controls and to evaluate the possible effect of the applied magnetic field on the steroidogenic capacity of the exposed cells. Leydig cells were obtained from the testes of 35- to 45-g CFLP mice and isolated by mechanical dissociation without enzyme treatment. The cell cultures were exposed to sinusoidal 50 Hz 100 μT (root mean square) AC magnetic field during the entire time of a 48-h incubation. Testosterone content of the culture media was measured by radioimmunoassay. In cultures exposed to the magnetic field, a marked increase of basal T production was found (P < .05), compared with the unexposed controls, whereas no significant difference was seen between the exposed or unexposed cultures in the presence of maximally stimulating concentration of hCG. These findings demonstrate that sinusoidal 50 Hz 100 μT magnetic fields are able to stimulate the basal T production of primary mouse Leydig cell culture, leaving the steroidogenic responsiveness to hCG unaltered. Bioelectromagnetics 19:429–431, 1998. © 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
The p53 tetramer shows an induced-fit interaction of the C-terminal domain with the DNA-binding domain (2015)

The Trp53 gene is the most frequently mutated gene in all human cancers. Its protein product p53 is a very powerful transcription factor that can activate different biochemical pathways and affect the regulation of metabolism, senescence, DNA damage response, cell cycle and cell death. The understanding of its function at the molecular level could be of pivotal relevance for therapy. Investigation of long-range intra- and interdomain communications in the p53 tetramer-DNA complex was performed by means of an atomistic model that included the tetramerization helices in the C-terminal domain, the DNA-binding domains and a consensus DNA-binding site of 18 base pairs. Nonsymmetric dynamics are illustrated in the four DNA-binding domains, with loop L1 switching from inward to outward conformations with respect to the DNA major groove. Direct intra- and intermonomeric long-range communications between the tetramerization and DNA-binding domains are noted. These long-distance conformational changes link the C terminus with the DNA-binding domain and provide a biophysical rationale for the reported functional regulation of the p53 C-terminal region. A fine characterization of the DNA deformation caused by p53 binding is obtained, with 'static' deformations always present and measured by the slide parameter in the central thymine-adenine base pairs; we also detect 'dynamic' deformations switched on and off by particular p53 tetrameric conformations and measured by the roll and twist parameters in the same base pairs. These different conformations can indeed modulate the electrostatic potential isosurfaces of the whole p53-DNA complex. These results provide a molecular/biophysical understanding of the evident role of the C terminus in post-translational modification that regulates the transcriptional function of p53. Furthermore, the unstructured C terminus is able to facilitate contacts between the core DNA-binding domains of the tetramer.
Economic Impact of Regulating the Use of Amalgam Restorations (2007)

An amalgam ban would have a substantial short- and long-term impact on increasing expenditures for dental care, decreasing utilization, and increasing untreated disease. Based on the available evidence, we believe that state legislatures should seriously consider these effects when contemplating possible restrictions on the use of amalgam restorations.
Transformation of Steroids by Algae (1986)

Twenty-two algal cultures grown photoautotrophically were incubated with 4-androstene-3,17-dione and 17 beta-hydroxy-4-androstene-3-one. Most cultures were capable of effecting transformation. The metabolites were isolated and detected by tlc and hplc, and were identified by comparison of chromatographic and/or spectral properties with those of authentic compounds. Most cultures showed the presence of 17-oxidoreductase, some were capable of hydroxylating 4-androstenedione at the 6 beta- and 14 alpha-positions, and a few were capable of utilizing substrates as an energy and/or a carbon source. Incubations with testosterone showed very little metabolism.
GRIN optics with transition elements in gel-silica matrices (1992)

Sol-gel technology is providing a viable alternative path towards developing doped optical components via impregnation of Type VI gel silica using a vapor or liquid phase. Past work presented an optical technique for determining quantitative mass transport properties of Cr<SUP>3+</SUP> ions within the water filled porous phase of Type VI silica. Ion influx is measured by integrating the strong absorption bands produced by the chromium in the visible region. Diffusion coefficients are determined for an array of pore properties (radius, volume, surface area) as well as solution concentrations. Diffusion coefficients are calculated to be 2.0 X 10<SUP>-8</SUP> cm<SUP>2</SUP>/sec for the most restricted case and approach 1.6 X 10<SUP>-6</SUP> cm<SUP>2</SUP>/sec, the bulk liquid diffusion coefficient, as the ratio of diffusing solute diameter to the pore diameter decreases. Final chromium distributions are determined using electron microprobe x-ray. Higher chromium distributions are found on surfaces of the gels from which solvent is restricted from evaporating. Sample geometries affect the percent change of concentration across the cross-section.
A POLYNOMIAL-TIME ALGORITHM FOR FINDING TOTAL COLORINGS OF PARTIAL k-TREES (1999)

A total coloring of a graph G is a coloring of all elements of G, i.e. vertices and edges, in such a way that no two adjacent or incident elements receive the same color. Many combinatorial problems can be efficiently solved for partial k-trees, that is, graphs of treewidth bounded by a constant k. However, no polynomial-time algorithm has been known for the problem of finding a total coloring of a given partial k-tree with the minimum number of colors. This paper gives such a first polynomial-time algorithm.
Search for first-generation leptoquarks inp¯pcollisions ats=1.8TeV (1993)

We present results of a search for a first-generation leptoquark ${\mathcal{S}}_{1}$ in $\overline{p}p$ collisions at $\sqrt{s}=1.8$ TeV at the Fermilab Tevatron. Using 4.05 ${\mathrm{pb}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ of data collected during the 1988-1989 CDF run, we have searched for evidence of ${\mathcal{S}}_{1}{\overline{\mathcal{S}}}_{1}$ production assuming that each leptoquark decays to an electron+quark pair with a branching ratio $\ensuremath{\beta}$. Three events with two high energy electrons and two high energy jets were found, but are consistent with ${Z}^{0}$ decay. No events were found in the signal region. Assuming a short lived scalar leptoquark with Yukawa coupling strength $\ensuremath{\lambda}\ensuremath{\gtrsim}2\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}7}$, we exclude $\ensuremath{\sigma}{\ensuremath{\beta}}^{2}&gt;55(4.0)$ pb at 95% C.L. for ${M}_{\mathcal{S}}=45(125)$ GeV/${\mathit{c}}^{2}$. Using a Monte Carlo prediction for $\ensuremath{\sigma}(\overline{p}p\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\mathcal{S}}_{1}{\overline{\mathcal{S}}}_{1}+X)$, we exclude ${M}_{\mathcal{S}}&lt;113(80)$ GeV/${\mathit{c}}^{2}$ for $\ensuremath{\beta}=100(50)%$.
Genetically Diverse Soybean Cyst Nematode–Resistant Full‐Sib Soybean Germplasm Lines AR4SCN, AR5SCN, AR6SCN, AR7SCN, and AR8SCN (2017)

Soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merr.] yields will be protected by introgressing pathogen resistance, an objective of soybean breeding for pathogen resistance at Iowa State University (ISU). Germplasms AR4SCN (Reg. No. GP‐410, PI 684651), AR5SCN (Reg. No. GP‐411, PI 684652), AR6SCN (Reg. No. GP‐412, PI 684653), AR7SCN (Reg. No. GP‐413, PI 684654), and AR8SCN (Reg. No. GP‐414, PI 684655), are resistant to soybean cyst nematode (SCN, Heterodera glycines [HG] Ichinohe) HG type 0 (Race 3) and HG type 1.3.6.7 (Race 14). In 2007, ISU Projects 3722 of the Agronomy Department and Project 3384 of the Plant Pathology Department, the Iowa Agricultural and Home Economics Experiment Station, and the ISU Research Foundation released the lines. Each line is an F 12:13 bulk of 60 agronomically uniform plants from the cross of the genetically diverse SCN parents PI 88788 and ‘Columbia’. The cross made at the Isabela Substation, Puerto Rico, underwent generation advances in Puerto Rico and Iowa. Phenotyping/molecular characterizations of lines at Arelli's, Cianzio's and Diers’ labs confirmed the presence of high copy numbers of the full‐length sequence repeat of the highly important major PI 88788‐type rhg1‐b gene, conferring high levels of SCN resistance on each germplasm. In Iowa, average seed yield of the maturity group (MG) II line AR4SCN was 57% of the check ‘Dwight’. For MG III lines (AR5SCN, AR6SCN, AR7SCN, AR8SCN), yield was 77% of ‘Macon’. The germplasms will serve in the development of SCN‐resistant genotypes adapted to northern US regions where SCN HG type 0 and/or 1.3.6.7 may be prevalent. Lines may also serve as research genetic stocks.
The absolute scale of thermoelectricity (1977)

Abstract The absolute thermoelectric power of lead has been determined by direct measurement of its Thomson heat from 10 to 350 K. The scale established by Christian, Jan, Pearson and Templeton (1958) is found to be in error above 20 K by as much as 0·3μV/K. The error significantly affects the analysis of thermopowers which are less than 3μV/K above about 40 K.
Temporal Causal Diagrams for Diagnosing Failures in Cyber-Physical Systems (2014)

&#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D; Resilient and reliable operation of cyber physical systems of societal importance such as Smart Electric Grids is one of the top national priorities. Due to their critical nature, these systems are equipped with fast-acting, local protection mechanisms. However, commonly misguided protection actions together with system dynamics can lead to un-intentional cascading effects. This paper describes the ongoing work using Temporal Causal Diagrams (TCD), a refinement of the Timed Failure Propagation Graphs (TFPG), to diagnose problems associated with the power transmission lines protected by a combination of relays and breakers.&#x0D; The TCD models represent the faults and their propagation as TFPG, the nominal and faulty behavior of components (including local, discrete controllers and protection devices) as Timed Discrete Event Systems (TDES), and capture the cumulative and cascading effects of these interactions. The TCD diagnosis engine includes an extended TFPG-like reasoner which in addition to observing the alarms and mode changes (as the TFPG), monitors the event traces (that correspond to the behavioral aspects of the model) to generate hypotheses that consistently explain all the observations. In this paper, we show the results of applying the TCD to a segment of a power transmission system that is protected by distance relays and breakers.&#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D;
Cell mutants defective in synthesizing a heparan sulfate proteoglycan with regions of defined monosaccharide sequence. (1990)

We have demonstrated that mouse LTA cells synthesize cell-surface heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) with regions of defined monosaccharide sequence that specifically interact with antithrombin (HSPGact). It remains unclear how HSPGact can be generated by a biosynthetic pathway with no simple template for directing the ordered assembly of monosaccharide units. To examine this issue, we treated LTA cells with ethyl methanesulfonate and then isolated seven stable mutants that synthesize only 8-27% of the wild-type HSPGact but produce normal amounts of other HSPGs. These mutants are recessive in nature and fall into at least two different complementation groups. The delineation of the molecular basis of these defects should help to elucidate the manner by which cells synthesize HSPGs with regions of defined monosaccharide sequence.
Highly Stable Vanadium Oxide Cathodes Prepared by Plasma‐Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition (1998)

Vanadium oxide films have been prepared by plasma‐enhanced chemical vapor deposition for rechargeable lithium‐battery applications. Vanadium oxytrichloride was employed as the vanadium precursor. Various parameters, such as the partial pressures of carrier gas and reactant gases, substrate temperature, and radio‐frequency, power, have been optimized to improve the electrochemical properties of the films. The film deposition rate was ∼11 Å/s. The best films obtained in this work displayed an oxygen‐to‐vanadium atomic ratio close to that of . These films exhibited a high discharge capacity and were very stable during electrochemical cycling. The discharge capacity of these films exceeded 408 mAh/g (or 1265 mAh/cm3) when tested between 4.0 and 1.5 V, and the energy density of these films (∼5000 Å thick) was 960.3 Wh/kg. The films exhibited negligible capacity fade from the second cycle to more than 5800 cycles when cycled between 4.0 and 1.8 V with a current density of 114 μA/cm2. The combination of high capacity, extended cycling stability, and rapid deposition rate make both this material and its deposition technology very attractive choices for the manufacturers of rechargeable lithium batteries.
Coping with the imprecision of the real world (1984)

The tools researchers use to probe certain AI problems, says this Berkeley professor, are sometimes too precise to deal with the "fuzziness" of the real world.
TAXONOMIC SIGNIFICANCE OF SECONDARY CAROTENOID FORMATION IN NEOSPONGIOCOCCUM (CHLOROCOCCALES, CHLOROPHYTA)1 (1977)

ABSTRACT The pigmentation of 23 species of Neospongiococcum Deason was studied in the stationary phase of nitrogen‐limited cultures on agar with or without glucose or in liquid medium. Fourteen species gradually developed an orange or brown color, and in all, secondary carotenoids were detected by thin‐layer chromatography. Among these, the keto‐carotenoids echinenone, canthaxanthin and esterified astaxanthin were identified, although the last named was not always present. When aging on glucose agar, the remaining nine species developed only a yellow‐green or yellow color and a pronounced tendency to bleach. In these, the aforementioned keto‐carotenoids were lacking, and β‐carotene and lutein lucre dominant. From this study it is not clear whether secondary carotenoid formation is species‐specific in Neospongiococcum .
Compromised Factor-Dependent Transcription Termination in a nusA Mutant of Escherichia coli: Spectrum of Termination Efficiencies Generated by Perturbations of Rho, NusG, NusA, and H-NS Family Proteins (2011)

The proteins NusA and NusG, which are essential for the viability of wild-type Escherichia coli, participate in various postinitiation steps of transcription including elongation, antitermination, and termination. NusG is required, along with the essential Rho protein, for factor-dependent transcription termination (also referred to as polarity), but the role of NusA is less clear, with conflicting reports that it both promotes and inhibits the process. In this study, we found that a recessive missense nusA mutant [nusA(R258C)] exhibits a transcription termination-defective (that is, polarity-relieved) phenotype, much like missense mutants in rho or nusG, but is unaffected for either the rate of transcription elongation or antitermination in λ phage. Various combinations of the rho, nusG, and nusA mutations were synthetically lethal, and the lethality was suppressed by expression of the N-terminal half of nucleoid protein H-NS. Our results suggest that NusA function is indeed needed for factor-dependent transcription termination and that an entire spectrum of termination efficiencies can be generated by perturbations of the Rho, NusG, NusA, and H-NS family of proteins, with the corresponding phenotypes extending from polarity through polarity relief to lethality.
Reducing bodies and myofibrillar myopathy features in FHL1 muscular dystrophy (2011)

FHL1 dystrophies can be associated with MFM pathology. Mutations in the LIM2 domain are associated with reducing bodies composed of distinct tubulofilaments. A mutation extraneous to LIM domains resulted in a mild late-onset phenotype with MFM pathology but no reducing bodies.
High resolution EUV emission spectroscopy of the and 4 levels by electron impact (1998)

A high resolution 36 mÅ (FWHM), optically thin emission study of the and (3, 2) Rydberg bands excited by electron impact at 100 eV has been completed in the extreme ultraviolet (EUV). A model of the perturbed rotational line intensity distribution of the bands shows the effects of electronic state mixing between the Rydberg state and the valence state. By normalizing the model to the published predissociation yield for the laboratory spectrum can be used to determine the predissociation yields for each rotational level of and 4. Based on a 25% accuracy of the model fit to the measured signal intensities it is found that the predissociation yields of the rotational levels increase as the percentage of character increases. On the other hand, the predissociation yields of the rotational levels reach a maximum for . The mean predissociation yields for and 4 levels are a function of temperature and are found to be 0.41 and 0.58, respectively at 300 K. The -dependent predissociation yields indicate that the emission cross section is a function of temperature. The remainder of the bands forming the progressions -5) from and -6) from were studied at 64 mÅ (FWHM) resolution. Using this composite spectrum of the two progressions the electron impact emission cross sections of the and 4 levels at 300 K were determined and compared with previous results.
The Using of Nanoparticles of Microalgae in Remediation of Toxic Dye from Industrial Wastewater: Kinetic and Isotherm Studies (2022)

Batch adsorption experiments were carried out to study the removal of the toxic Methylene Blue Dye (MBD) from synthetic aqueous solutions using the nanoparticles form of <i>Arthrospira platensis</i> NIOF17/003. The adsorption capacity of the adsorbent for MBD was investigated using different amounts of <i>A. platensis</i> nanoparticles at different contact times, temperatures, pH, and MBD initial concentrations in the synthetic aqueous solution. In addition, <i>A. platensis</i> nanoparticles were characterized using Electron Microscopy (SEM), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET), Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR), and Ultraviolet spectra (UV) techniques. The optimum removal of MBD was found at a concentration of 0.4 g <i>A. platensis</i> nanoparticles. <i>A. platensis</i> nanoparticles remove 93% of MBD in 5 min (under agitation conditions at 150 rpm). The highest adsorption capacity was found by the Langmuir model to be 58.8 mg g<sup>-1</sup>. It is an endothermic process with spontaneity increasing with temperature. The probable mechanism for the adsorption is chemisorption via surface-active charges in the initial phase, which is followed by physical sorption by occupying pores of <i>A. platensis</i>. MBD adsorption by <i>A. platensis</i> follows pseudo-second-order kinetics. The Freundlich and Langmuir models fit well with the experimental data. The adsorption experiments suggested that the regeneration of the adsorbents was possible for repeated use, especially regarding MBD up to 65.8% after three cycles, which proves it can be easily recycled. In conclusion, the nanoparticles of <i>A. platensis</i> have a significant adsorption potential in the removal of MBD from effluent wastewater.
Wideband compact single‐ridge waveguide to rectangular waveguide transitions with integrated E ‐plane bend (2016)

Two innovative single‐ridge waveguide to rectangular waveguide transitions with integrated 90° E ‐plane bend are proposed. Since a single‐ridge waveguide standard is not available, such components become necessary whenever this technology is employed. Wideband performance, extreme compactness and easy manufacturing are core characteristics. The presented devices operate at Ku band, though the designs are fully scalable to any other frequency band of interest.