gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Synthesizing UHMWPE Using Ziegler‐Natta Catalyst System of MgCl2(ethoxide type)/ TiCl4/tri‐isobutylaluminum (2008)

Abstract Summery: A Ziegler‐Natta catalyst of MgCl 2 (ethoxide type)/TiCl 4 has been synthesized. In order to obtain ultra high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) tri‐isobutylaluminum which is less active to chain transfer was used as cocatalyst. Slurry polymerization was carried out for the polymerization of ethylene while, dilute solution viscometry was performed for the viscosity average molecular weight (Mv) measurement. The effect of [Al]/[Ti] molar ratio, temperature, monomer pressure and polymerization time on the Mv and productivity of the catalyst have been investigated. The results showed increasing [Al]/[Ti] ratio in the range of 78–117, decreased the Mv of the obtained polymer from 7.8 × 10 6 to 3.7 × 10 6 however, further increase of the ratio, resulted in decreased of by much slower rate up to [Al]/[Ti] = 588. The higher pressure in the range of 1–7 bars showed the higher the Mv of the polymer obtained, while increasing temperature in the range of 50 to 90 °C decreased the Mv from 9.3 × 10 6 to 3.7 × 10 6 . The Mv rapidly increase with polymerization time in the first 15 minutes of the reaction, this increase was slowly up to the end of the reaction (120 min). Increasing [Al]/[Ti] ratio raised productivity of the catalyst in the range studied. Rising reaction temperature from 50 to 75 °C increased the productivity of the catalyst however, further increase in the temperature up to the 90 °C decreased activity of the catalyst. Monomer pressure in the range 1 to 7 bars yields higher productivity of the catalyst. Also by varying polymerization conditions synthesizing of UHMWPE with Mv in the range of 3 × 10 6 to 9 × 10 6 was feasible.
An Introduction to Image-Based Rendering (2006)

In this chapter, we review the techniques for image-based rendering. Unlike traditional 3D computer graphics in which 3D geometry of the scene is known, image-based rendering (IBR) techniques render novel views directly from input images. IBR techniques can be classified into three categories according to how much geometric information is used: rendering without geometry, rendering with implicit geometry (i.e., correspondence), and rendering with explicit geometry (either with approximate or accurate geometry). We discuss the characteristics of these categories and their representative techniques. IBR techniques demonstrate a surprising diverse range in their extent of use of images and geometry in representing 3D scenes. We explore the issues in trading off the use of images and geometry by revisiting plenoptic sampling analysis and the notions of view dependency and geometric proxies. Finally, we highlight a practical IBR technique called pop-up light field. It models a sparse light field using a set of coherent layers, which incorporates both color and matting information, and renders in real time and free of aliasing.
Satellite interactive multimedia: a new opportunity for broadcasters (1997)

Data broadcasting services exploiting the capacity available in the VBI lines of the analogue television signals are currently in operation via terrestrial and satellite channels. Over the last few years an exponential growth of the required transmission capacity has originated from the increasing demand of new applications. As an evolution of the VBI technology, the introduction of digital subcarriers inserted in the satellite analogue television signal allows one to increase the transmission capacity without significant additional cost of the user terminal. A further remarkable improvement in satellite broadcasting is now achievable by exploiting the capabilities of the DVB system, offering full support for audio, video and data services integrated within a high capacity digital multiplex. In this context data broadcasting can evolve towards the global concept of satellite interactive multimedia delivery with the return channel through the Internet. The paper describes a possible system architecture, reports on the RAI pilot services carried out on the Hot Bird 1 satellite, and highlights the possible scenarios for the introduction of satellite interactive multimedia services.
Relations between the Operating Conditions and the Classification Characteristics in a Sturtevant-type Air Classifier (1974)

The relation between the classification characteristics and the operating conditions in a Sturtevant-type air classifier being in operation as a constituent of a closed-circuit cement-clinker grinding system was experimentally investigated, with a view to provide some basic data for the clarification of classifying mechanism in this type of classifier and make some improvements in the structural design of the classifier as well as in the operational procedure of the grinding system.Results of experiments showed that the optimum operating conditions from the standpoint of both the production rate and the size distribution of fine products can be attained according to the following prescription;i) The feed rate of classifier feed should be kept constant at 173.0(t/h), the upper limit of the experimental region.ii) The control valve of the classifier should be kept full open.iii) The number of revolutions of blades and distribution plate per minute should be kept constant at 187(rpm), the upper limit of the experimental region.iv) The number of auxiliary blades should be so chosen that the requisition on the fineness of fine products may be satisfied.Moreover, methods for the assessment of the effectiveness of classifier performance as a constituent of a closed-circuit grinding system were compared and criticized.In the case of Sturtevant-type air classifier, it was concluded that the ratio of partition toward the coarser products β and the classification efficiency by Newton at the particle size of equalizing misplaced materials can be used as the characteristics for the assessment of effectiveness of classification mentioned above.
A Green Process for Synthesis of Geraniol Esters by Immobilized Lipase from Candida Antarctica B Fraction in Non-Aqueous Reaction Media: Optimization and Kinetic Modeling (2018)

Abstract Enzymatic synthesis of molecules such as flavors, perfumes and fragrances has a great commercial advantage of being marketed as “natural” and also it offers exquisite selectivity of enzymes that can be superior over chemical catalysis. The current work focuses on the enzymatic synthesis of geranyl acetate as model compound, including optimization of reaction conditions such as nature of catalyst, reaction media, speed of agitation, mole ratio and temperature. A variety of esters were also synthesized. Geraniol was esterified with various acids, aromatic esters and vinyl esters in 1:4 molar ratio. Among all vinyl ester was the best giving in good yield (77–100 %) as compared to aromatic esters (5–82 %) and acids (7–31 %). Novozym 435 was found to be most active catalyst with ~96 % conversion and 100 % selectivity in 60 min at 55 °C in n-heptane as solvent for geranyl acetate. The maximum reaction rate was estimated (V max = 0.2712 mol L −1 min -1 ) by using the double reciprocal plot. It is a ternary complex (ordered bi-bi) mechanism with inhibition by geraniol.
Hereditary Disorders of Cardiovascular Calcification (2020)

Arterial calcification is a common phenomenon in the elderly, in patients with atherosclerosis or renal failure and in diabetes. However, when present in very young individuals, it is likely to be associated with an underlying hereditary disorder of arterial calcification. Here, we present an overview of the few monogenic disorders presenting with early-onset cardiovascular calcification. These disorders can be classified according to the function of the respective disease gene into (1) disorders caused by an altered purine and phosphate/pyrophosphate metabolism, (2) interferonopathies, and (3) Gaucher disease. The finding of arterial calcification in early life should alert the clinician and prompt further genetic work-up to define the underlying genetic defect, to establish the correct diagnosis, and to enable appropriate therapy.
Growth and characterization of (1997)

In0.2Ga0.8Sb epitaxial layers and thermophotovoltaic (TPV) device structures have been grown on GaSb and GaAs substrates by metalorganic vapor phase epitaxy (MOVPE). Control of the n-type doping up to 1×1018 cm−3 was achieved using diethyltellurium (DETe) as the dopant source. A Hall mobility of greater than 8000 cm2/Vs at 77K was obtained for a 3×1017 cm−3 doped In0.2Ga0.8Sb layer grown on high-resistivity GaSb substrate. The In0.2Ga0.8Sb epilayers directly grown on GaSb substrates were tilted with respect to the substrates, with the amount of tilt increasing with the layer thickness. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) studies of the layers showed the presence of dislocation networks across the epilayers parallel to the interface at different distances from the interface, but the layers above this dislocation network were virtually free of dislocations. A strong correlation between epilayer tilt and TPV device properties was found, with layers having more tilt providing better devices. The results suggest that the dislocations moving parallel to the interface cause lattice tilt, and control of this layer tilt may enable the fabrication of better quality device structures.
Sustained photodynamic effect of single chirality-enriched single-walled carbon nanotubes (2020)

Semiconducting single-walled carbon nanotubes (s-SWNTs) are capable of fluorescence emission as well as photothermal and photodynamic actions, resulting from their near-infrared (NIR) absorptions corresponding to their S11 and S22 transitions. Here, we show that one chiral s-SWNTs, (6,4)-SWNTs, photogenerates all three of the major reactive oxygen species, i.e., singlet oxygen (1O2), superoxide anion (O2•–), and hydroxyl radical (•OH), in a sustainable manner. Its efficiency for •OH generation is dramatically higher than those of the other two chiral s-SWNTs tested, as well as a clinical NIR dye. This sustained and relatively high photodynamic effect in (6,4)-SWNTs is due to their extraordinary high photostability and relatively high generation efficiency of their triplet excited state. In the colloidal stabilization of (6,4)-SWNTs under physiological conditions, a serum protein consisting of a tandem repeat of amphiphilic α-helices is found to be useful for dispersion. The protein-coated (6,4)-SWNTs are capable of effectively ablating cancer cells and disintegrating amyloid beta peptide aggregates through sustained photodynamic action.
Relating Memory to Functional Performance in Normal Aging to Dementia Using Hierarchical Bayesian Cognitive Processing Models (2012)

Determining how cognition affects functional abilities is important in Alzheimer disease and related disorders. A total of 280 patients (normal or Alzheimer disease and related disorders) received a total of 1514 assessments using the functional assessment staging test (FAST) procedure and the MCI Screen. A hierarchical Bayesian cognitive processing model was created by embedding a signal detection theory model of the MCI Screen-delayed recognition memory task into a hierarchical Bayesian framework. The signal detection theory model used latent parameters of discriminability (memory process) and response bias (executive function) to predict, simultaneously, recognition memory performance for each patient and each FAST severity group. The observed recognition memory data did not distinguish the 6 FAST severity stages, but the latent parameters completely separated them. The latent parameters were also used successfully to transform the ordinal FAST measure into a continuous measure reflecting the underlying continuum of functional severity. Hierarchical Bayesian cognitive processing models applied to recognition memory data from clinical practice settings accurately translated a latent measure of cognition into a continuous measure of functional severity for both individuals and FAST groups. Such a translation links 2 levels of brain information processing and may enable more accurate correlations with other levels, such as those characterized by biomarkers.
Data Acquisition System of the Virgo Gravitational Waves Interferometric Detector (2007)

Virgo is an experiment aiming at the detection of gravitational waves emitted by astrophysical sources. Its detector, based on a 3km arms interferometer, is a complex setup which requires several digital control loops running up to 10kHz, an accurate and reliable central timing system and an efficient data acquisition, all of them being distributed over 3km. We overview here the main hardware and software components developed for the data acquisition system (DAQ) and its current architecture. Then, we briefly discuss its connections with interferometer's controls, especially through the automation of the interferometer's startup procedure. Then, we describe the tools used to monitor the DAQ and the performances we measured with them. Finally, are described also the tools developped for the online detector monitoring, mandatory complement of the DAQ for the commissioning of the Virgo detector.
Innovative polyelectrolytes/poly(ionic liquid)s for energy and the environment (2017)

Abstract This paper presents the work carried out within the European project RENAISSANCE‐ITN , which was dedicated to the development of innovative polyelectrolytes for energy and environmental applications. Within the project different types of innovative polyelectrolytes were synthesized such as poly(ionic liquid)s coming from renewable or natural ions, thiazolium cations, catechol functionalities or from a new generation of cheap deep eutectic monomers. Further, macromolecular architectures such as new poly(ionic liquid) block copolymers and new (semi)conducting polymer/polyelectrolyte complexes were also developed. As the final goal, the application of these innovative polymers in energy and the environment was investigated. Important advances in energy storage technologies included the development of new carbonaceous materials, new lignin/conducting polymer biopolymer electrodes, new iongels and single‐ion conducting polymer electrolytes for supercapacitors and batteries and new poly(ionic liquid) binders for batteries. On the other hand, the use of innovative polyelectrolytes in sustainable environmental technologies led to the development of new liquid and dry water, new materials for water cleaning technologies such as flocculants, oil absorbers, new recyclable organocatalyst platforms and new multifunctional polymer coatings with antifouling and antimicrobial properties. All in all this paper demonstrates the potential of poly(ionic liquid)s for high‐value applications in energy and enviromental areas. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
The Neurotropic Parasite Toxoplasma gondii Induces Astrocyte Polarization Through NFκB Pathway (2019)

<b>Background:</b> <i>Toxoplasma gondii</i> is a protozoan parasite that chronically infects nearly one-third of the world's human population. In immunosuppressed individuals and fetus, infection with <i>T. gondii</i> contributes to a series of devastating conditions, including toxoplasmic encephalitis (TE), which is characterized by neuron damage in the central nervous system (CNS). Astrocyte polarization is currently found in some neurodegenerative diseases, and A1 subtype of astrocyte leads to neuron apoptosis. However, little information has been available on the role of astrocyte polarization in TE. <b>Methods:</b> In the present study, we established a mouse model to study TE and detected A1 astrocyte in the brains of mice with TE. Expression level of A1 astrocyte-specific marker C3 was evaluated using indirect fluorescent assay (IFA) and Western blotting. Primary mouse astrocytes were incubated with different concentrations of <i>T. gondii</i> excreted-secreted antigens (<i>Tg</i>ESAs) <i>in vitro</i>. Expression level of C3 and A1 astrocyte-specific transcription levels were assessed using Western blotting and qRT-PCR, respectively. Bay11-7082 was used to study nuclear factor (NF) κB pathway in <i>Tg</i>ESA-induced astrocyte polarization. <b>Results:</b> In mice with TE, the proportion of A1 astrocyte (GFAP<sup>+</sup>C3<sup>+</sup>) increased significantly. The results of <i>in vitro</i> study showed that <i>Tg</i>ESAs induced astrocyte polarization to A1 subtype. Blocking of NFκB pathway by Bay11-7082 inhibited <i>Tg</i>ESA-induced astrocyte polarization. <b>Conclusions:</b> Our preliminary study showed the involvement of A1 astrocyte in the process of TE in mice, and <i>Tg</i>ESAs could trigger astrocyte to polarize to A1 subtype. These findings suggest a new mechanism underlying the neuropathogenesis induced by <i>T. gondii</i> infection.
Long-term side-effects in children receiving allogeneic bone marrow transplantation in first complete remission of acute leukaemia. (1995)

We evaluated the long-term side-effects of allogeneic BMT performed early in the course of childhood acute leukaemia (first complete remission and interval between diagnosis and BMT not exceeding 6 months). Thirteen patients fulfilled these criteria. Conditioning regimens included TBI in eight cases. Evaluation of growth and pubertal development, ophthalmological examination, assessment of thyroid, cardiac and pulmonary functions were performed. Neuropsychological evaluation included IQ score, memory tests and cranial MRI. Median follow-up after BMT was 5 years (range 2-10 years). Growth was normal in seven patients. Six patients experienced a decrease in SD score for height (range -0.1 to -1.9). Four children were evaluable for puberty: pubertal development was normal in three children and delayed in one case. Thyroid and left ventricular function were normal in all cases. Three patients had mild abnormalities of pulmonary function. In two patients cataracts were noted 7 and 10 years after fTBI. Mean full-scale IQ score was 102. Memory tests, performed in 12 cases, were in the normal range for 11 patients. In our study, frequency and severity of long-term side-effects following BMT for leukemia appeared lower than usually reported. A possible explanation is that children were transplanted very early in the course of their disease with neither cranial irradiation nor long exposure to chemotherapy prior to transplant.
Generalized Partially Information Coupled Polar Codes With Arbitrary Coupling Depth and Their Decoding Algorithms (2021)

We propose generalized partially information coupled (PIC) polar codes and their construction method. In the proposed codes, each code block (CB) shares systematic information bits partially with J adjacent CBs on each side, where J is referred to as the coupling depth. The conventional PIC polar code is a special case of the generalized PIC polar codes for J = 1. We modify the polar CB decoding and propose various inter-CB decoding schemes which apply to the code of arbitrary coupling depth J. We also propose a low complexity evaluation method for the error rate of the generalized PIC polar codes, without channel generation and decoding operation. Numerical results show that this approximate evaluation is very accurate. It is verified by simulation that more coding gain can be attained for J ≥ 2. Finally, we compare the decoding complexities of the conventional inter-CB decoding algorithms and the proposed algorithms with which a lower decoding complexity is achieved without performance degradation.
Optimization of alternating phase-shift mask structure for ArF laser lithography (2001)

An alternating phase shift mask (alt. PSM) must be fabricated in such a way that imbalances in optical intensities are minimized. The mask structure must be optimized to obtain a balanced distribution of optical intensities and this means that the shifter thickness/quartz depth that corresponds to a phase angle of 180 degrees and the correct amount of undercutting should be estimated. There are two key points in the optimization of an alt. PSM. One is to find the optimum structure in terms of reducing the amount of undercutting. Narrower chrome (Cr) line widths are required for ArF laser lithography than for KrF laser lithography, so the undercutting must be restricted to prevent peeling of the Cr patterns, degradation of cleaning durability, and so on. Another key point is to investigate the effect of Cr line widths and pattern pitches on imbalances in the optical intensities. A variety of pattern pitches and Cr line widths are available from actual devices. All patterns, however, have same shifter thickness and amount of undercutting on each mask produced by a given mask fabrication process. It is thus necessary to study the effect on optical intensities of changes in Cr line widths and pattern pitches so that it is possible to optimize mask structures for a variety of patterns. From our simulation and experimental results, we found that an alt. PSM with vertical sidewalls has advantages in terms of reducing the amount of undercutting and is effective in the fabrication of sub 100-nm devices. We also discovered that imbalances in optical intensities vary periodically with Cr line widths. It was found that a structure for an alt. PSM should be optimized for each Cr line widths on these bases.
Dynamic Knowledge Graph based Multi-Event Forecasting (2020)

Modeling concurrent events of multiple types and their involved actors from open-source social sensors is an important task for many domains such as health care, disaster relief, and financial analysis. Forecasting events in the future can help human analysts better understand global social dynamics and make quick and accurate decisions. Anticipating participants or actors who may be involved in these activities can also help stakeholders to better respond to unexpected events. However, achieving these goals is challenging due to several factors: (i) it is hard to filter relevant information from large-scale input, (ii) the input data is usually high dimensional, unstructured, and Non-IID (Non-independent and identically distributed) and (iii) associated text features are dynamic and vary over time. Recently, graph neural networks have demonstrated strengths in learning complex and relational data. In this paper, we study a temporal graph learning method with heterogeneous data fusion for predicting concurrent events of multiple types and inferring multiple candidate actors simultaneously. In order to capture temporal information from historical data, we propose Glean, a graph learning framework based on event knowledge graphs to incorporate both relational and word contexts. We present a context-aware embedding fusion module to enrich hidden features for event actors. We conducted extensive experiments on multiple real-world datasets and show that the proposed method is competitive against various state-of-the-art methods for social event prediction and also provides much-need interpretation capabilities.
Serum levels of soluble CD40 ligand and MMP-9 as markers of favorable clinical outcome in human visceral leishmaniasis (2013)

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