gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Depth-resolved spectroscopy of interface defects in AlGaN/GaN heterostructure field effect transistors device structures (2000)

We report depth-resolved low energy electron excited nanometer spectroscopy from AlGaN/GaN heterostructure field effect transistors structures with AlGaN thicknesses as thin as 20 nm. By varying the voltage of a low energy electron beam in ultrahigh vacuum, we can determine whether defect induced luminescence is being emitted from the GaN buffer layer, the interfacial region where the two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) resides, and the AlGaN barrier layer. By increasing the GaN buffer thickness, known to enhance the electron concentration of the 2DEG by reducing the dislocation density in the active region, we observed an enhancement in AlGaN luminescence, and a 20% reduction in the full width at half maximum of the near band edge peak. When a similar structure with no 2DEG is measured, we find a factor of 8 increase in midgap yellow luminescence relative to the GaN buffer emission. Taken together, these findings indicate that differences in buffer layer thickness and electrical quality can affect not only dislocation density and point defect densities, but also the optical properties of the AlGaN barrier layer and its 2DEG interface.
Dabigatran etexilate for prevention of venous thromboembolism (2008)

Correspondence to: Dr. Jeffrey Weitz Henderson Research Centre 711 Concession Street Hamilton, Ontario L8V 1C3, Canada Tel.: +1 905 574 8550, Fax: +1 905 575 2646 E-mail: jweitz@thrombosis.hhscr.org Received: October 30, 2008 Accepted: October 30, 2008 Prepublished online: ■■ doi:10.1160/TH08-10-0708
The IASO Self-Reporting System (2020)

Mood swings are commonly observed phenomena among hospitalized patients. As a result, there has been a growing interest in developing solutions that can assist caregivers in acquiring a better understanding of patient mood states and behaviors. A key challenge resides in the need to not only monitor patients' mood state but also to try to influence it and regulate it. This article presents the IASO self-reporting system, a persuasive clinical mood tracking, and a management application for hospital patients. We describe the design process of the system, its technical implementation details, and key features. Unlike most earlier related studies, IASO incorporates the concept of mood-based adaptive art (MBAA) that triggers animated digital art clips with background sounds in response to patients' self-reported mood states, thus offering a tool for creative healing and mood enhancement. Our proposed solution empowers patients to gain more control over their wellbeing, regulates their moods and enables caregivers to receive timely feedback about potential mood swings and dangerous mood conditions.
Progress and problems in understanding the involvement of calcium in heart function (1984)

In this article we have briefly reviewed the role of Ca2+ in the excitation contraction coupling in the myocardium and have indicated that cardiac contraction and relaxation are initiated upon raising and lowering the intracellular concentration of free Ca2+, respectively. Different mechanisms for the entry of Ca2+ through sarcolemma as well as release of Ca2+ from sarcoplasmic reticulum and possibly mitochondria have been outlined for initiating cardiac contraction. Relaxation of the cardiac muscle appears to be intimately dependent upon efflux of Ca2+ through sarcolemma as well as sequestration of Ca2+ by the intracellular storage sites, particularly sarcoplasmic reticulum and possibly mitochondria. The actions of some pharmacological and pathophysiological interventions have been explained on the basis of changes in subcellular Ca2+ movements in myocardium. Quinidine, which produced an initial positive inotropic action on rat heart was also found to increase sarcolemmal Ca2+-ATPase activity without any changes in the Na+-K+ ATPase. Other antiarrhythmic agents, procainamide and lidocaine, also increased sarcolemmal Ca2+-ATPase activity without affecting the Na+-K+ ATPase. On the other hand, both Ca2+-ATPase and Na+-K+ ATPase activities were increased in heart sarcolemma obtained from cardiomyopathic hamsters. In this model the increased Ca2+-ATPase activity may promote the occurrence of intracellular Ca2+ overload in the cardiac cell whereas the increased Na+-K+ ATPase activity may increase Ca2+ efflux through Na+-Ca2+ exchange systems as an adaptive mechanism. It has been suggested that some caution should be exercised while interpreting the data from in vitro experiments in terms of functional changes in the myocardium. Furthermore, it has been proposed that the pathophysiology and pharmacology of Ca2+ movements at different membrane sites be understood fully in normal and diseased myocardium in order to improve the therapy of heart disease.
Nickel-Catalyzed Redox-Economical Coupling of Alcohols and Alkynes to Form Allylic Alcohols (2014)

We have developed a redox-economical coupling reaction of alcohols and alkynes to form allylic alcohols under mild conditions. The reaction is redox-neutral as well as redox-economical and thus free from any additives such as a reductant or an oxidant. This atom-economical coupling can be applied for the conversion of both aliphatic and benzylic alcohols to the corresponding substituted allylic alcohols in a single synthetic operation.
Modeling Acute Traumatic Hemorrhagic Shock Injury: Challenges and Guidelines for Preclinical Studies (2017)

Trauma is responsible for a large proportion of the world's burden of disease, and is by far the biggest killer of young adults. Hemorrhage is the leading cause of preventable death and its effects are directly correlated with the incidence multi-organ failure in survivors. Trauma research is challenging due to patient heterogeneity, limited randomized controlled trials, and in vitro studies that fail to mimic the systemic injury response. Preclinical research remains essential for mechanistic and therapeutic discovery. Yet modeling the multifaceted nature of traumatic injury poses important experimental and welfare challenges associated with the onset of injury and prehospital and intra-operative care, the limited inter-species validation of coagulation profiles, the use of anesthesia/analgesia, and its impact on the systemic response to trauma; and the challenge of sustaining intensive care in recovery models. Proper model selection depends on the purpose of a given model and the criteria by which the experimental readouts will be clinically relevant. Such complexity warrants further refinement of experimental methodology and outcome measures to improve its clinical efficacy, while ensuring animal well-being. We review the experimental methodologies currently used for modeling traumatic hemorrhagic shock and addressing their impact on clinical translation. The aim of the review is to improve transparency and form a consensus when reporting methodology in trauma modeling.
Everolimus for Subependymal Giant-Cell Astrocytomas in Tuberous Sclerosis (2010)

Everolimus therapy was associated with marked reduction in the volume of subependymal giant-cell astrocytomas and seizure frequency and may be a potential alternative to neurosurgical resection in some cases, though long-term studies are needed. (Funded by Novartis; ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00411619.).
SVDPACKC (Version 1.0) User''s Guide (1993)

SVDPACKC comprises four numerical (iterative) methods for computing the singular value decomposition (SVD) of large sparse matrices using ANSI C. This software package implements Lanczos and subspace iteration-based methods for determining several of the largest singular triplets (singular values and corresponding left- and right-singular vectors) for large sparse matrices. The package has been ported to a variety of machines ranging from supercomputers to workstations: CRAY Y-MP, IBM RS/6000-550, DEC 5000-100, HP 9000-750, SPARCstation 2, and Macintosh II/fx. This document {\it (i)} explains each algorithm in some detail, {\it (ii)} explains the input parameters for each program, {\it (iii)} explains how to compile/execute each program, and {\it (iv)} illustrates the performance of each method when we compute lower rank approximations to sparse {\it term-document} matrices from information retrieval applications. A user-friendly software interface to the package for UNIX-based systems and the Macintosh II/fx is also described.
X‐Ray Microtopographs of Alpha Alumina Whiskers (1969)

Alpha alumina whiskers grown by the vapor reaction 2A1 + 3H 2 O° Al 2 O 3 + 3H 2 were examined by X‐ray microtopography. Topographs of whiskers PO to 60 μm in diameter were taken by (1120) and (00012) diffraction; most a and c whiskers (growth direction 〈1120〉 and 〈0001〉, respectively) were free from dislocations. Chemical etching of a whisker cross section with orthophosphoric acid or potassium bisulfate did not produce etch pits. Growth of alumina whiskers through axial dislocation appears improbable.
Optical studies of the 1.945 eV vibronic band in diamond (1976)

Abstract The 1.945eV band is the dominant end product of annealing radiation damage in diamonds containing isolated substitutional nitrogen atoms. In this paper uniaxial stress experiments are described which show the band to be a transition between A1 (ground) and E (excited) electronic states of a trigonal centre, the E state being coupled predominantly to A1 modes of vibration. Annealing experiments suggest that the centre is either a substitutional nitrogen atom plus an interstitial nitrogen atom, or a substitutional nitrogen atom plus a vacancy. Small differences between the luminescence and absorption bands are shown to be consistent with the double minima vibrational potential of the nitrogenvacancy model.
Sementes edíveis: composição em ácidos gordos e impacto na saúde (2016)

Este trabalho foi financiado pelo Instituto Nacional de Saude Doutor Ricardo Jorge (INSA), no âmbito do projeto PTranSALT
(2012DAN828). Tânia Goncalves Albuquerque agradece a bolsa de
doutoramento (SFRH/BD/99718/2014) financiada pela Fundacao
para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia (FCT), Fundo Social Europeu (FSE) e
Ministerio da Educacao e Ciencia (MEC).
Epigenetic influences in the development of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (2011)

Lung development is orchestrated by highly integrated morphogenic programs of interrelated patterns of gene and protein expression. Both genetic and epigenetic influences may alter the developing lung in the canalicular and saccular phase of lung development that lead to the development of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). Maternal exposures to toxins, and especially tobacco smoke associated nicotine nitrosamine ketones, fetal and neonatal infections (with or without chorioamnionitis) and techniques of neonatal ventilator management including surfactant therapy in concert with innate genetic susceptibility have life-long consequences for the infant afflicted with BPD. Exposure to supplemental oxygen poses another threat to the prematurely newborn and increases the risk for BPD and retinopathy of prematurity, but other effects in later life have been note among infants given oxygen as newborns. Thus a greater focus on these epigenetic influences and novel strategies to care for the preterm infant will hopefully reduce the worldwide burden of BPD and increase awareness regarding epigenetic mechanisms that determine long term health and well-being.
Neural Disjunctive Normal Form: Vertically Integrating Logic With Deep Learning For Classification (2021)

Inspired by the limitations of pure deep learning and symbolic logic-based models, in this thesis we consider a specific type of neuro-symbolic integration called vertical integration to bridge logic reasoning and deep learning and address their limitations. The motivation of vertical integration is to combine perception and reasoning as two separate stages of computation, while still being able to utilize simple and efficient end-to-end learning. It uses a perceptive deep neural network (DNN) to learn abstract concepts from raw sensory data and uses a symbolic model that operates on these abstract concepts to make interpretable predictions. As a preliminary step towards this direction, we tackle the task of binary classification and propose the Neural Disjunctive Normal Form (Neural DNF). Specifically, we utilize a per- ceptive DNN module to extract features from data, then after binarization (0 or 1), feed them into a Disjunctive Normal Form (DNF) module to perform logical rule-based classi- fication. We introduce the BOAT algorithm to optimize these two normally-incompatible modules in an end-to-end manner. Compared to standard DNF, Neural DNF can handle prediction tasks from raw sensory data (such as images) thanks to the neurally-extracted concepts. Compared to standard DNN, Neural DNF offers improved interpretability via an explicit symbolic representation while being able to achieve comparable accuracy despite the reduction of model flexibility, and is particularly suited for certain classification tasks that require some logical composition. Our experiments show that BOAT can optimize Neural DNF in an end-to-end manner, i.e. jointly learn the logical rules and concepts from scratch, and that in certain cases the rules and the meanings of concepts are aligned with human understanding. We view Neural DNF as an important first step towards more sophisticated vertical inte- gration models, which use symbolic models of more powerful rule languages for advanced prediction and algorithmic tasks, beyond using DNF (propositional logic) for classification tasks. The BOAT algorithm introduced in this thesis can potentially be applied to such advanced hybrid models.
Impact of Aggressive Endovascular Recanalization Techniques on Success Rate in Chronic Total Arterial Occlusions (CTOs) (2010)

Aggressive recanalization techniques in CTO following failure of traditional means are safe and can substantially improve procedural success rates.
Temperature- and pressure-induced crystal phase transitions in Be (1984)

Beryllium is known to undergo a HCP-BCC transition at about 1530K and ambient pressure. This transition is studied theoretically by comparing the Gibbs free energies for the HCP, FCC and BCC modifications of Be. The static lattice energy is calculated using the ab initio pseudopotential method. The photon energy and entropy are estimated from the calculated elastic constants. A mechanism for this transition is proposed based on the results of the calculations. At high temperature, the BCC modification is found to be stabilised by the large entropy for this phase caused by the presence of soft phonon modes. Possible pressure-induced phase transitions are examined. At about 1-2 Mbar the FCC and BCC phases are both more stable than the HCP phase. The regions of FCC and BCC stability lie too close to be separated in the present calculation.
Roton Second Sound (1976)

Second-sound propagation is considered, both when collisions between elementary excitations do and when they do not conserve total number. Simple expressions are derived for the velocity in each case. Assuming number conservation in roton-roton collisions, the velocity of roton second sound is found to be $\frac{3kT}{{p}_{0}}$, where ${p}_{0}$ is the momentum at the roton minimum.
Scather: programming with multi-party computation and MapReduce (2015)

We present a prototype of a distributed computational infrastructure, an associated high level programming language, and an underlying formal framework that allow multiple parties to leverage their own cloud-based computational resources (capable of supporting MapReduce [27] operations) in concert with multi-party computation (MPC) to execute statistical analysis algorithms that have privacy-preserving properties. Our architecture allows a data analyst unfamiliar with MPC to: (1) author an analysis algorithm that is agnostic with regard to data privacy policies, (2) to use an automated process to derive algorithm implementation variants that have different privacy and performance properties, and (3) to compile those implementation variants so that they can be deployed on an infrastructures that allows computations to take place locally within each participant’s MapReduce cluster as well as across all the participants’ clusters using an MPC protocol. We describe implementation details of the architecture, discuss and demonstrate how the formal framework enables the exploration of tradeoffs between the efficiency and privacy properties of an analysis algorithm, and present two example applications that illustrate how such an infrastructure can be utilized in practice.
An attempt of identifying MS-associated loci as a follow-up of a genomic linkage study in the Italian population. (2000)

Subsequent to a genomic linkage study on Sardinian and Continental Italian families, we considered the possibility that some of the tested microsatellite markers showed association to MS. Markers selected on the basis of the data obtained in the original set of 70 multiplex families were tested for MS association in an additional set of 154 simplex families. A limited set of markers were further tested on an additional set of 100 simplex families. The results indicate the presence of a putative MS gene in 19q13.13.
Thermally Initiated Free-Radical Oxidation of Cellulose (1973)

Purified cotton cellulose was heated in the resonant cavity of the electron spin resonance spectrometer in static nitrogen, flowing nitrogen, and flowing air and in vacuum. The formation of free radicals in the samples of cotton was monitored at temperatures below 300°C. Cotton was treated with chemical additives and then heated in static nitrogen at atmos pheric pressure. At the same temperature of heating, a much greater concentration of free radicals was formed in purified cotton heated in static nitrogen than in cotton heated in flowing nitrogen or in vacuum. The rate of free-radical forma tion in cotton heated in flowing nitrogen was constant throughout the heating period. Cotton, heated at the same tem peratures and times in flowing air or in static nitrogen, showed a greater concentration of free radicals than cotton heated in flowing nitrogen. The effects of additives or the application of vacuum on the apparent energy of activation for the formation of free radicals in heated cotton were also investigated. The amount of char formed during pyrolysis, as indi cated by the intensity of the free-radical signal, was much greater for samples which contained additives or which were allowed to trap decomposition products than for untreated cotton purged free of volatile decomposition products, as they were formed.
Robot Grippers for Use With Fibrous Materials (1995)

This article demonstrates a range of robot gripping techniques suitable for use with carbon and glass frber sheets. Many of the grippers discussed were originally designed for use with textile fabrics and similar sheet materials, and their suitability for the handling of carbon and glass fiber sheets, together with some commonly used filler materials, is considered. Criteria are outlined for selecting the correct gripping technique for the desired task, taking into account the many different types of material structure available.
Skin colour typology and suntanning pathways (1991)

Synopsis The evaluation of sun-product efficacy, with laboratory solar simulators or in actual sun, implicates clinical and subjective assessment of the various skin responses in terms of wavelengths constitutive of solar light. These photobiological responses vary according to skin types and particularly to basic skin melanic content, i.e. with skin colour. Now, the instrumental measurement of live skin colour has become easier to perform, fast and reliable. Based on the standard CIE-L*a*b* colour system and correlated with the human eye, this technique was used to define the skin colour domain of the caucasian population, to propose a skin colour classification, and then to objectively follow, over a three week period, the dynamics and kinetics of tanning induced by UVB, UVA and UVB +/- A multi-exposures on the three skin categories. The specific directions in the three-dimensional L*a*b* colour space of the tanning components, i.e. erythema, immediate pigmentation and constitutional melanization, as well as the resulting tanning pathways, were analysed and defined in the three-dimensional colour space, using a vectorial method. The UVB, UVA and UVB +/- A tannings were differentiated by their intensity, their hue and especially their lasting capacity: UVA tanning clearly appeared more lasting than UVB. In addition, the UVA*UVB interaction on tanning intensity was not found to be significant. With the skin colour classification and the tanning models, this comprehensive study supplies a basic tool for the colorimetric interpretation of the skin phenomena involved, provided that this interpretation is always considered in the three dimensions of the colour space. It also suggests some useful practical applications for sun product formulation and evaluation.
Chemotactic Cytokines: Biology Of The Inflammatory Peptide Supergene Family (2012)

The existence of a new family of chemotactic cytokines was realised in 1987 following the isolation and structural determination by several groups of a peptide consisting of 72 amino acids which was a potent activator of neutrophils and a chemotactic agent for lymphocytes. The first symposium of this series was held at the Royal College of Surgeons of England in December 1988, entitled Novel Neutrophil Stimulating Peptides, and brought together the majority of the laboratories which had published in this area, see Immunology Today 10: 146-147(1989). Since the first symposium there has been a dramatic increase in our knowledge of the biology of this family of structurally related peptides. The Second International Symposium on Chemotactic Cytokines was held at the Royal College of Surgeons of England in June 1990. The aim of this symposium was to provide both a forum for discussion and to determine whether this knowledge can be utilised in the design of novel therapeutic strategies for the treatment of inflammatory disorders. Although the majority of studies have been concerned with the regulation of these peptides at the molecular and cellular level, there is now evidence to suggest that specific members of this superfamily have a role in the pathogenesis of a number of diverse diseases including arthritis, psoriasis, atherosclerosis, wound repair, inflammatory lung diseases and glomerulonephritis.
Targeting of Two Arabidopsis H+-ATPase Isoforms to the Plasma Membrane (1996)

More than 11 different P-type H(+)-ATPases have been identified in Arabidopsis by DNA cloning. The subcellular localization for individual members of this proton pump family has not been previously determined. We show by membrane fractionation and immunocytology that a subfamily of immunologically related P-type H(+)-ATPases, including isoforms AHA2 and AHA3, are primarily localized to the plasma membrane. To verify that AHA2 and AHA3 are both targeted to the plasma membrane, we added epitope tags to their C-terminal ends and expressed them in transgenic plants. Both tagged isoforms localized to the plasma membrane, as indicated by aqueous two-phase partitioning and sucrose density gradients. In contrast, a truncated AHA2 (residues 1-193) did not, indicating that the first two transmembrane domains alone are not sufficient for plasma membrane localization. Two epitope tags were evaluated: c-myc, a short, 11-amino acid sequence, and beta-glucuronidase (GUS), a 68-kD protein. The c-myc tag is recommended for its sensitivity and specific immunodetection. GUS worked well as an epitope tag when transgenes were expressed at relatively high levels (e.g. with AHA2-GUS944); however, evidence suggests that GUS activity may be inhibited when a GUS domain is tethered to an H(+)-ATPase complex. Nevertheless, the apparent ability to localize a GUS protein to the plasma membrane indicates that a P-type H(+)-ATPase can be used as a delivery vehicle to target large, soluble proteins to the plasma membrane.