gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Prenatal prediction of neonatal growth status in twins using individualized growth assessment (1996)

Objective To determine if the growth status at birth of twins can be predicted in the third trimester using the Prenatal Growth Assessment Score (PGAS). Methods The growth of 40 twin fetuses were studied with ultrasound from 14 weeks until delivery. Measurements of the head circumference (HC), abdominal circumference (AC), thigh circumference (ThC), femur diaphysis length (FDL), head cube (A), and abdominal cube (B) were made at 2 to 3 week intervals. Rossavik growth models for these parameters were determined from second trimester measurements. These models were used to define expected third trimester growth curves and birth characteristics. Comparisons of expected and actual third trimester measurements were used to calculate PGAS values after various time points (PGASAt) and after the last time point (PGASAT). Similar comparisons after birth were used to determine Growth Potential Realization Index (GPRI) values for HC, AC, ThC, weight (WT), and crown-heel length (CHL), with and without correction for decreased soft tissue deposition. These two sets of GPRI values were used to calculate two sets of Neonatal Growth Assessment Scores (NGASS, NGASTw). Using NGASS and NGASTw (as well as GPRI values in some cases), the twin neonates were classified as Normal (N), Decreased Soft Tissue Deposition, (DSTD), Intrauterine Growth Retardation (IUGR), and Macrosomia (M). Results At birth 22/40 (55%) were classified as N, 9/40 (22.5%) as DSTD, 6/40 (15.0%) as IUGR, and 3/40 (7.5%) as M. All −PGASAT values in the N group were greater than −0.40% with one exception (−PGASAT = −0.43%). All PGASAt values were above this same boundary except for one fetus. No differences were seen between the N and DSTD groups [mean −PGASAT (range): N, −0.12% (0% to −0.34%); DSTD, −0.10% (0% to −0.30%)]. The IUGR group had 4 fetuses with −PGASAT values between −0.65% and 2.79% and two with values of 0.0% and −0.12%. Growth retardation in the latter two was limited to a decrease in thigh soft tissue deposition. −PGASAt values in the first 4 fetus were below −0.40% 1.6 to 9.5 weeks before delivery (mean: 6.1 weeks). Fetuses in group M had +PGASAT values of 0.0%, +1.8%, and +1.2%. PGASAt values were above +0.40% at 3.6 and 9.8 weeks before delivery in the latter two fetuses. Conclusions These results support the concept that PGASAT and PGASAt values outside ± 0.40% indicate either IUGR or macrosomia. Almost all fetuses with growth problems in the third trimester can be detected, on average, 6 weeks before delivery unless the growth abnormality is limited to decreased soft tissue deposition. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
The Arabidopsis Sensor His-kinase, AHK4, Can Respond to Cytokinins (2001)

His-to-Asp (His-->Asp) phosphorelay mechanisms are presumably involved in propagation of certain environmental stimuli, including phytohormones, in Arabidopsis thaliana. In addition to the previously characterized His-kinases, namely, the ETR1 family of ethylene receptors, CKI1 cytokinin-sensor, and ATHK1 osomo-sensor, this higher plant has three more His-kinases (named AHK2, AHK3, and AHK4). By employing the well-known His-->Asp phosphorelay systems in both the fission yeast and Escherichia coli, evidence is presented showing that the AHK4 His-kinase has an ability to serve as a cytokinin-responsive environmental sensor. Taking advantage of this AHK4-dependent His-->Asp phosphorelay system in E. coli, a phosphorelay interaction between the Arabidopsis His-kinase and histidine-containing phosphotransmitters (AHPs) was also demonstrated for the first time.
Activation Functions for Generalized Learning Vector Quantization - A Performance Comparison (2019)

An appropriate choice of the activation function (like ReLU, sigmoid or swish) plays an important role in the performance of (deep) multilayer perceptrons (MLP) for classification and regression learning. Prototype-based classification learning methods like (generalized) learning vector quantization (GLVQ) are powerful alternatives. These models also deal with activation functions but here they are applied to the so-called classifier function instead. In this paper we investigate successful candidates of activation functions known for MLPs for application in GLVQ and their influence on the performance.
Boundary Value Problems, Weyl Functions, and Differential Operators (2020)

This open access book presents a comprehensive survey of modern operator techniques for boundary value problems and spectral theory. It may serve as a reference text for researchers in the areas of differential equations, functional analysis, mathematical physics, and system theory.
Separation of Touching Convex Objects Using Proximity of Corner Points (2014)

Separation of touching objects is a generic problem frequently encountered in various machine vision inspection applications. A popular approach for separation of touching convex objects involves determination of boundary corner points, pairing of corner points using suitable criteria and interconnection of the paired corner points. The present paper describes a new criterion for pairing of corner points based on checking the proximity of corner points within the cluster of touching objects with the help of medial axis of the cluster. The location of each corner point is indicated by two location points, namely closest and opposite points, on the medial axis. The closest point is determined as a medial axis pixel closest to the corner point and the opposite point is determined as a closest median axis pixel lying along the corner direction. The proximity of corner points is judged by distances between their closest and opposite points. The proximity distance between two corner points is determined as the minimum among the distances between their closest points and between their opposite points. The pairs of corner points are sequenced in ascending order of proximity distance and paired using supplementary pairing criteria. The proposed proximity criterion gives better separation performance than conventional minimum distance criterion. The proposed criterion is suitable for separation of touching long convex objects. The performance of proposed approach is demonstrated on images of touching rice grains.
Katalytische asymmetrische Epoxidierung von Aldehyden mit Schwefel-Yliden und in situ hergestellten Diazoverbindungen (2001)

Ein praktischer, allgemein anwendbarer und konvergenter Weg zu Epoxiden unter Kontrolle der relativen und der absoluten Konfiguration wurde dadurch erreicht, dass das reaktive Intermediat (die Diazoverbindung) in situ aus einem Tosylhydrazon-Salz (siehe Schema, PTC=Phasentransferkatalysator) gebildet wurde. Hohe Ausbeuten, hohe Diastereomerenverhältnisse und hohe Enantioselektivitäten konnten mit nur 5 Mol-% eines neuartigen, stabilen chiralen Sulfids in Verbindung mit 0.5 Mol-% [Rh2(OAc)4] erzielt werden.
Software-controlled caches in the VMP multiprocessor (1986)

VMP is an experimental multiprocessor that follows the familiar basic design of multiple processors, each with a cache, connected by a shared bus to global memory. Each processor has a synchronous, virtually addressed, single master connection to its cache, providing very high memory bandwidth. An unusually large cache page size and fast sequential memory copy hardware make it feasible for cache misses to be handled in software, analogously to the handling of virtual memory page faults. Hardware support for cache consistency is limited to a simple state machine that monitors the bus and interrupts the processor when a cache consistency action is required. In this paper, we show how the VMP design provides the high memory bandwidth required by modern high-performance processors with a minimum of hardware complexity and cost. We also describe simple solutions to the consistency problems associated with virtually addressed caches. Simulation results indicate that the design achieves good performance providing data contention is not excessive.
New parameter for monitoring fouling during ultrafiltration of WWTP effluent (2001)

Variations in water quality of waste water treatment plant (WWTP) effluent complicate ultrafiltration of this feed water. Traditional parameters do not provide sufficient information to explain the fouling of membranes during ultrafiltration of WWTP effluent. New parameters for measuring and monitoring the fouling potential of feed water for ultrafiltration membranes need to be developed. The normalised membrane fouling index for ultrafiltration membranes (MFI-UFn) can be used as such and is according to the cake filtration theory calculated from the ratio of filtration time and filtration volume as a function of the filtration volume. MFI-UFn can be calculated from both experiments with constant Trans Membrane Pressure (TMP) and from experiments with constant flux. This parameter can also be calculated independent of the scale of the experiment. Results show that differences in fouling potential can be measured for various feed waters using the same membrane type and for various membrane types using the same feed water. Variation in feed water quality leads to a deviation of the MFI-UFn, as was found especially for WWTP effluent. The applied TMP influences the value of the MFI-UFn, indicating cake compression when applying a higher TMP. MFI-UFn can be used to identify the effect of pre-treatment methods, which is useful when using WWTP effluent as feed water for an ultrafiltration processes.
Nonreversible loss of platelet aggregability induced by calcium deprivation (1978)

Platelets lose their ability to aggregate when deprived of divalent cations. This usually was studied by incubating human citrated platelet- rich plasma with EDTA or EGTA and then adding enough CaCl2 to combine with the chelating agent. Incubation for 5–7 min at 37 degrees C caused irreversible loss of the platelets' ability to adhere to glass and to aggregate with ADP, epinephrine, A23187, vasopressin, or serotonin or upon rewarming after chilling and markedly reduced aggregation with collagen or thrombin. Control samples incubated with saline, CaEDTA, or CaEGTA were not inhibited. Untreated platelets washed and incubated in solutions treated with resins that remove divalent cations lost their ability to aggregate in 30 min. More than about 0.26 mM Mg2+ partially protected the platelets. Unlike aggregation, ADP-induced shape change, clot retraction caused by thrombin or ADP plus reptilase, and thrombin- induced 14C-serotonin release were not inhibited after incubation. Aggregability was not restored by prolonged incubation with CaCl2, adding normal plasma, or washing the platelets. Its loss was temperature and pH dependent, occurring in 2 min at 43 degrees C but not in 7 min at 30 degrees C, and at pH 7.8 but much less at pH 7.2. The defect was not associated with an increase in platelet cyclic AMP, a decrease in metabolic ATP, or the presence of free ADP.
Optimization of rTDMH as a Reagent Toward Improving the Sensitivity of the RT-PCR Based Diagnosis for Mycobacterium Tuberculosis (2012)

Current diagnostic tools being used for tuberculosis lack the speed and sensitivity necessary to successfully combat the current tuberculosis epidemic. Real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction, RT-PCR, can provide the rapid and specific diagnosis that is currently in demand in the global community. Its disadvantage is that due to the waxy and robust nature of the M. tuberculosis membrane, not enough genomic DNA is present to provide for amplification in a RT-PCR. It was previously found in our laboratory that hydrolysis of one of abundant glycolipid of mycobacterial envelope, Trehalose, 6,6’-dimycolate, by a recombinant TDM-specific hydrolase caused rapid lysis of cell (Yong et.al. manuscript submitted). In this study, we tested if rapid lysis by TDM-specific hydrolase (rTDMH) can be exploited in conjunction with the RT-PCR to develop a sensitive diagnosis of tuberculosis. Results demonstrated that by incubation of both attenuated M. tuberculosis, and virulent M. tuberculosis with rTDMH for lysis and subsequent usage of this lysate in a RT-PCR assay, yields sensitive amplification of mycobacterial DNA. rTDMH-mediated lsyis could facilitate amplification of even 10 bacilli, the rTDMH treated cells show amplification while lack of treatment failed to detect these bacilli These results were consistent in in-vitro liquid culture and in complex sputum samples spiked with the mycobacteria, showing that incubation with rTDMH can improve the sensitivity of the RT-PCR. Statement of Public Health relevance: Using rTDMH with RT-PCR as an improved diagnostic tool for tuberculosis due to the rapid, accurate and sensitive nature of the assay could provide the global community with a much better method of diagnosing a disease that has plagued the world for thousands of years. Tuberculosis infects 9 million people and kills 3 million people every year and presently one-third of the world’s population is infected with it. A better diagnostic tool could result in reducing the spread of disease; reducing the mortality associated with disease, especially in HIV infected individuals; and on a broader scale, could reduce the economic burden associated with the disease
Temporal variability in primary and copepod production in Sagami Bay, Japan (2006)

Seasonal variations in primary production and in abundance, biomass and production of the planktonic copepod community were investigated in the
Synthesis and antimicrobial activity of 1,3,4-triaryl-2-azetidinones. (1992)

A set of substituted 1,3,4-triaryl-2-azetidinones were synthesized and characterized. Their antimicrobial activity, against Gram+ and Gram- bacteria and Fungi, was tested. The compounds 23 and 30 showed remarkable activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
ChemInform Abstract: FURANS IN SYNTHESIS. 4. SILYL FURANS AS BUTENOLIDE EQUIVALENTS (1985)

Abstract Die Darstellung und der Einsatz der Butenolid‐Anionäquivalente (III) und (VIIIb) für Alkylierungen werden beschrieben.
A transient finite element study reveals the importance of the bicycle helmet material properties on head protection during an impact (2009)

This paper is focused on understanding the mechanism that gives the bicycle helmet the role of protecting the head during an impact. The finite element method is used here as a first step in the helmet optimisation and improvement process. The relation between different helmet mechanical parameters and the risk of head injury during the impact is described using MSC Marc Mentat finite element software. The reduction in resulting head linear acceleration by more than 80% and in resulting stress by more than 65% prove the protective effect of all materials studied with an indication of superior behaviour for the anisotropic foam. For the covering abstract see ITRD E143807.
A ZnO/ZnMgO Multiple-Quantum-Well Ultraviolet Random Laser Diode (2010)

A ZnO/ZnMgO multiple-quantum-well ultraviolet (UV) random laser diode was fabricated on a commercially available n-type GaN wafer using a radio frequency magnetron sputtering system. The electroluminescence measurements revealed that the diode exhibited fairly pure UV random lasing centered at ~370 nm under sufficient forward bias at room temperature. The full-widths at half-maximum of the sharp lasing peaks are less than 0.4 nm. The device has a very low threshold current density of 4.7 A/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> and extremely weak visible emission.
Adult tibial eminence fracture fixation: arthroscopic procedure using K‐wire folded fixation (2007)

The purpose of this article is to describe a new and simple technique for arthroscopic fixation of tibial intercondylar eminence avulsion fractures using folded surgical pin. This technique allows reduction and fixation of the bone fragment without using special equipment. After standard arthroscopic procedure to explore the knee and to remove fracture debris and blood clot, the bone block is reduced and advanced with the spike of the anterior cruciate ligament tibial drill guide. A 1.8-mm K-wire is drilled through the guide from the proximal tibia into the reduced fragment. It is bent on its end into the joint with a strong needle case. The K-wire is then pulled back until good fragment compression to the tibia appears with the wire starting unbending. Next, the other side is bent on the anterior tibial cortex and cut. This arthroscopic fixation allows elastic compression fragment stabilization that authorizes early weight bearing and rehabilitation programs. The material is extracted by traction after 6 months.
Suggestion systems in organizations: what motivates employees to submit suggestions? (2010)

Purpose Suggestion systems offer the opportunity for organizations to benefit directly from their employees' innovativeness. The purpose of this paper is to investigate processes underlying employees' involvement with suggestion systems. It examines the relationship between interactional justice of the suggestion system, valence of the suggestion system (VSS), employees' wellbeing, and their motivation to submit suggestions. Design/methodology/approach Data were collected in a German manufacturing company. In total, 142 questionnaires were completed (response rate: 71 percent). The paper applies the bootstrapping method in order to test the hypothesized relationships. Findings Results support the hypothesized moderated mediation model, in that VSS mediated the positive relationship between interactional justice and motivation to submit suggestions when wellbeing was high or moderate, but not when wellbeing was low. Research limitations/implications The results reflect only subjective appraisals. However, the studied variables are ultimately based on what employees perceive. Nonetheless, future research should generate and include more objective measures. Practical implications The paper provides evidence, first, that companies should consider the important role of employees' wellbeing in the innovation context and try to enhance it. Second, the interactional justice and the VSS contribute to employees' motivation to submit suggestions and should be strengthened. Originality/value While the existing literature mostly focuses on innovative behaviour in general, this paper analyzes employees' motivation to submit suggestions.
On the Relation between the Open‐Circuit Voltage and Quasi‐Fermi Level Splitting in Efficient Perovskite Solar Cells (2019)

Abstract Today's perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are limited mainly by their open‐circuit voltage ( V OC ) due to nonradiative recombination. Therefore, a comprehensive understanding of the relevant recombination pathways is needed. Here, intensity‐dependent measurements of the quasi‐Fermi level splitting (QFLS) and of the V OC on the very same devices, including pin‐type PSCs with efficiencies above 20%, are performed. It is found that the QFLS in the perovskite lies significantly below its radiative limit for all intensities but also that the V OC is generally lower than the QFLS, violating one main assumption of the Shockley‐Queisser theory. This has far‐reaching implications for the applicability of some well‐established techniques, which use the V OC as a measure of the carrier densities in the absorber. By performing drift‐diffusion simulations, the intensity dependence of the QFLS, the QFLS‐ V OC offset and the ideality factor are consistently explained by trap‐assisted recombination and energetic misalignment at the interfaces. Additionally, it is found that the saturation of the V OC at high intensities is caused by insufficient contact selectivity while heating effects are of minor importance. It is concluded that the analysis of the V OC does not provide reliable conclusions of the recombination pathways and that the knowledge of the QFLS ‐V OC relation is of great importance.
Elastic scattering in ballistic-electron-emission microscopy studies of the epitaxialNiSi2/Si(111) interface (1991)

We have fabricated epitaxial ${\mathrm{NiSi}}_{2}$ films on Si(111) under ultrahigh-vacuum conditions and conducted in situ ballistic-electron-emission-microscopy (BEEM) measurements on this coherent interface system. We demonstrate the sensitivity of BEEM to mechanisms which broaden the angular distribution of the injected electrons for transport through a Si(111) interface. Spatially localized increases in ballistic transmission rates are observed, attributable to the elastic scattering of the injected electrons by structural defects present on the surface or buried in the silicide film.
A Pharmacologic Inhibitor of the Protease Taspase1 Effectively Inhibits Breast and Brain Tumor Growth (2011)

The threonine endopeptidase Taspase1 has a critical role in cancer cell proliferation and apoptosis. In this study, we developed and evaluated small molecule inhibitors of Taspase1 as a new candidate class of therapeutic modalities. Genetic deletion of Taspase1 in the mouse produced no overt deficiencies, suggesting the possibility of a wide therapeutic index for use of Taspase1 inhibitors in cancers. We defined the peptidyl motifs recognized by Taspase1 and conducted a cell-based dual-fluorescent proteolytic screen of the National Cancer Institute diversity library to identify Taspase1 inhibitors (TASPIN). On the basis of secondary and tertiary screens the 4-[(4-arsonophenyl)methyl]phenyl] arsonic acid NSC48300 was determined to be the most specific active compound. Structure-activity relationship studies indicated a crucial role for the arsenic acid moiety in mediating Taspase1 inhibition. Additional fluorescence resonance energy transfer-based kinetic analysis characterized NSC48300 as a reversible, noncompetitive inhibitor of Taspase1 (K(i) = 4.22 μmol/L). In the MMTV-neu mouse model of breast cancer and the U251 xenograft model of brain cancer, NSC48300 produced effective tumor growth inhibition. Our results offer an initial preclinical proof-of-concept to develop TASPINs for cancer therapy.
Epirubicin directly promotes hepatitis B virus (HBV) replication in stable HBV-expressing cell lines: A novel mechanism of HBV reactivation following anticancer chemotherapy (2014)

Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a worldwide problem and HBV reactivation following anticancer chemotherapy has become an emerging clinical challenge. However, the mechanisms of HBV reactivation following chemotherapy remain unclear. Epirubicin is an anthracycline drug used in chemotherapy to treat numerous types of malignancy, including breast cancer, acute leukemia, malignant lymphoma, lung cancer, ovarian cancer and stomach cancer. Epirubicin acts by intercalating DNA strands and inhibiting DNA and RNA synthesis. In this study, it was demonstrated that epirubicin directly upregulated the levels of in vitro HBV replication in a concentration-dependent manner. Exposure to epirubicin for 24 h induced >11- and 6-fold increases in the levels of intracellular and secreted HBV DNA, respectively. In concordance with the elevated levels of HBV DNA, the expression levels of HBV pregenomic RNA, intracellular HBV surface and HBV core antigens, and secreted HBV e antigen were significantly increased by treatment with 0.5 µM epirubicin. Notably, epirubicin promoted cellular excretion of HBV nucleocapsids, which are closely associated with the pathological effects of HBV, including acute liver failure. In conclusion, epirubicin exhibited a direct stimulatory effect on HBV replication and this may be a novel mechanism of HBV reactivation following cytotoxic anticancer chemotherapy.
ChemInform Abstract: FTMS of Natural Polymers. (2000)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.