gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Harmonic gain and noise in a frequency-doubling gyro-amplifier (2003)

Nonlinear gain in a 34-GHz three-stage frequency-doubling gyro-traveling wave tube (gyro-TWT) has been experimentally studied. The device consists of a thermionic electron gun, TE/sub 01//spl rarr/TE/sub 02/ fundamental gyro-TWT input section, second harmonic TE/sub 03/ intermediate buncher section, and a second harmonic TE/sub 02//spl rarr/TE/sub 04/ complex output circuit. Nonlinear bunching in the electron orbital phase generates harmonics of the input signal in the beam current, which excite the subsequent circuits at the second harmonic frequency. Since the gain is nonlinear, noise or applied sideband signals intermodulate with the carrier generating high-order products in the output. Therefore, it has been suggested that the noise figure of these devices may be unreasonably high. In this study, the complex harmonic transfer characteristics were experimentally measured and compared with calculations based on the assumption that the gyro-amplifier gain can be described, in the narrowband sense, as a classical frequency-doubling circuit. The results show that narrowband intermodulation gain is 6 dB higher than the carrier as predicted in the small signal limit, but as the device reaches saturation the nonlinear products become suppressed with respect to the carrier. Tests on the broadband gain characteristics show that output noise consists of second harmonic shot noise spontaneously excited in the output circuits along with the products of the intermodulation between external noise and the carrier. Good agreement between the experimental results and the calculations is demonstrated.
Development and Validation of Prediction Models for Hypertensive Nephropathy, the PANDORA Study (2022)

A prediction model of HN over 8 years had high discrimination and calibration, but this model requires prospective evaluation in other cohorts, to confirm its potential to improve patient care.
EXPERIMENTAL ASSESSMENT OF THE IMPACT OF ASYMPTOMATIC GAS EMBOLI ON THE VESSEL WALL (2013)

Quantitative evaluation of shear stress in the vessel wall due to the presence of asymptomatic gas emboli is lacking. The goal of this work was to assess the impact of chronic asymptomatic gas emboli on the risk of atherosclerosis through a custom-built cardiovascular flow simulator. Gas bubbles were created by forced air from a syringe pump. The influences of embolism injection rate, pulse rate, and time-averaged flow rate on the wall mean shear stress were investigated at resting and elevated heart rate conditions. The recorded pressure and volumetric flow rate from 24 experimental settings with four repetitions each were used to calculate the mean wall shear stress (MWSS). A directly inverse relationship between gas embolus rate and MWSS in the vessel, particularly at low vascular flow and diminished pulse rates was subsequently found. This study established a positive correlation between gas bubbles in the bloodstream and diminished MWSS, which implied a potential onset of atherosclerosis.
Thermal analysis and topographical characterization of films of styrene‐butadiene blends (2008)

Abstract Scanning probe microscopy (SPM) was used to study the thermal characteristics of latex films consisting of blends of two different styrene‐butadiene copolymers with different glass transition temperatures ( T g ). The resonance frequency (ω) and the quality factor ( Q p ) of an SPM probe oscillating above the sample surface were determined at different probe temperatures ( T p ). Thermal transitions associated with a change in heat capacity were observed in the Δω‐ T p curves. The results were compared with differential scanning calorimetry measurements. The very slow heating rate used in the SPM method effectively eliminated the contribution of volumetric changes of the films around T g . Annealing of the samples in an oven did not influence the thermal transitions observed in the Δω‐ T p curves. The SPM method also enabled a novel approach for determining transition‐induced dimensional changes (vertical contraction, expansion) of the films. Annealing was found to increase the dimensional stability of the blend films. The latex blends were also annealed by the SPM probe and the film progressed from particulate phase morphology to a continuous phase. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008
Analysis of active neutron multiplicity data for Y-12 skull oxide samples (1996)

Previous work on active neutron multiplicity measurements and analyses is summarized. New active multiplicity measurements are described for samples of Y-12 skull oxide using an Active Well Coincidence Counter and MSR4 multiplicity electronics. Neutron multiplication values for the samples were determined from triples/doubles ratios. Neutron multiplication values were also obtained from Monte Carlo calculations using the MCNP code and the results compared with the experimental values. A calibration curve of AmLi source-sample coupling vs neutron multiplication was determined and used for active multiplicity assay of the skull oxides. The results are compared with those obtained from assay with the conventional calibration-curve technique, where the doubles rate is calibrated vs the {sup 235}U mass. The coupling-multiplication relationship determined for the skull oxides is compared with that determined earlier for pure high-enrichment uranium metal and pure uranium oxide. Conclusions are drawn about the application of active multiplicity techniques to uranium assay. Additional active multiplicity measurements and calculations are recommended.
Meandering of a wing-tip vortex in a grid-generated turbulent flow (2021)

The interaction of a National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics 0012 wing-tip vortex with a grid-generated turbulent flow was experimentally investigated. The experiments were conducted in the near- and mid-wake regions at three free-stream turbulence (FST) levels, viz., 0.5%, 3%, and 6%, at a Reynolds number, based on the wing chord length, cw, of 2×105. Stereoscopic particle image velocimetry measurements were carried out at four downstream positions: x/cw = 1.25, 3.25, 6.25, and 7.75. Streamwise vorticity contours showed that the wing-tip vortex decayed with increased FST and downstream distance. Turbulent surroundings were found to affect the meandering amplitude of the vortex, which increased with the dispersed scatter pattern of the vortex center motion, resulting in a meandering-induced turbulence. Meandering-corrected turbulent kinetic energy revealed the existence of a laminar core at the center of the vortex surrounded by low turbulence levels outside the core. This was attributed to the stabilizing Coriolis effects of the strong rotational motion inside the vortex core, which tend to re-laminarize the turbulent fluid crossing the periphery of the vortex. Snapshot proper orthogonal decomposition analysis on the coherent component of the velocity field revealed two dominant modes forming a helical dipole, consistent with the helical displacement of a Kelvin wave with an azimuthal wavenumber |m=1|. An analysis of the terms balancing the rate of decay of the mean enstrophy revealed that increasing FST increases the stretching of the mean enstrophy within the vortex core while it reduces both its transport and convection terms. Nonetheless, the latter contributions were larger in all cases studied acting as the main mechanism for mean enstrophy decay.
Physical mapping of the CA6, ENO1, and SLC2A5 (GLUT5) genes and reassignment of SLC2A5 to 1p36.2 (1998)

Several human malignancies frequently exhibit deletions or rearrangements of the distal short arm of chromosome 1 (1p36), and a number of genetic diseases also map to this region. The carbonic anhydrase (CA6) and alpha-enolase (ENO1) genes, previously mapped to 1p36, were physically linked in yeast- and P1-artificial chromosome (YAC and PAC) contigs. PACs from the contig were mapped to 1p36.2 by fluorescence in situ hybridization. The ESTs D1S2068, D1S274E, D1S3275, and stSG4370 were also placed in the same contig. The physical map was integrated with the genetic map of chromosome 1 by assignment of genetic markers D1S160, D1S1615, and D1S503 to the contig. Sequencing of the EST clone representing D1S274E indicated that it was derived from the same transcript as D1S2068E and corresponded to the SLC2A5 (GLUT5) gene, previously assigned to 1p31. Reassignment of SLC2A5 to 1p36.2 was confirmed by somatic cell and radiation hybrid mapping panels and was consistent with previous EST mapping data. Sequencing of the EST clone for D1S274E revealed the presence of intronic sequences, suggesting that the clone was derived from an unprocessed message. The presence of unprocessed and/or alternatively spliced EST clones has potential ramifications for EST-based genomic projects. This information should facilitate the mapping of tumor suppressor and genetic disease loci that have been localized to this region.
Design, Fabrication, and Testing of a Hybrid CMOS/PDMS Microsystem for Cell Culture and Incubation (2007)

We discuss the design, fabrication, and testing of a hybrid microsystem for stand-alone cell culture and incubation. The micro-incubator is engineered through the integration of a silicon CMOS die for the heater and temperature sensor, with multilayer silicone (PDMS) structures namely, fluidic channels and a 1.5-mm diameter 12-muL culture well. A 90-mum-thick PDMS membrane covers the top of the culture well, acting as barrier to contaminants while at the same time allowing the cells to breath and exchange gases with the ambient environment. The packaging for the microsystem includes a flexible polyimide electronic ribbon cable and four fluidic ports that provide external interfaces to electrical energy, closed-loop sensing and electronic control as well as solid and liquid supplies. The complete structure has a size of (2.5times2.5times0.6) cm(3). We have employed the device to successfully culture BHK-21 cells autonomously over a three day period in ambient environment.
Synthesis of Nd-Fe-B thin films with high coercive force by cosputtering (1997)

NdFeB thin films were prepared by cosputtering of the individual elements and the magnetic properties were studied as a function of the concentration of Nd and B in the films. The dependence of coercive force, saturation magnetization and the energy product (B/sub r//spl times/H/sub c/) on the composition are presented by three dimensional diagrams. High coercive force and high energy product was observed at Nd concentrations slightly higher than the stoichiometric composition. For a fixed composition, a dependence of coercive force as a function of thickness of the film was observed. The microstructure of the films also showed a variation as a function of thickness.
Antithrombogenic dialysis membranes for the artificial kidney. (1966)

Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Dept. of Chemical Engineering. Thesis. 1966. Sc.D.
Parsimonious Description of Glucose Variability in Type 2 Diabetes by Sparse Principal Component Analysis (2015)

Starting from a pool of 25 indices assessed from CGM time series in T2D subjects, reduced subsets of metrics virtually providing the same information content can be determined by SPCA. The fact that these indices also appear in the parsimonious description of GV in T1D may indicate that they could be particularly informative of GV in diabetes, regardless of the specific type of disease.
Anomalous X-Ray Transmission Studies in Indium Antimonide: Surface Damage (1971)

Nearly perfect indium antimonide single crystals were studied by x-ray anomalous transmission using silver Kα radiation and {220} reflections. The depth of abrasion-induced surface damage was determined using the diffracted integrated intensities. The depth of damage was found to be greater on the B than on the A surfaces for the same amount of abrasion. For unidirectional abrasion the direction of the strain corresponded to the direction of abrasion, but some directional strain was also present when the abrasion was not unidirectional. The measured rocking curve half-widths were not affected by severe surface abrasion. The effective absorption coefficient was measured to be 10.3 ± 1 cm−1.
Effect of Hall Current on the Onset of MHD Convection in a Porous Medium Layer Saturated by a Nanofluid (2016)

In this study, the effect of Hall current on the criterion for the onset of MHD convection in a porous medium layer saturated by a nanofluid is investigated. The model used for nanofluid combines the effect of Brownian motion and thermophoresis, while for a porous medium Brinkman model is used. A physically more realistic boundary condition than the previous ones on the nanoparticle volume fraction is considered i.e. the nanoparticle flux is assumed to be zero rather than prescribing the nanoparticle volume fraction on the boundaries. Using linear stability theory, the exact analytical expression for critical Rayleigh Darcy number is obtained in terms of various non-dimensional parameters. Results indicate that the magnetic field, Hall current, porous medium and nanoparticles significantly influence the stability characteristics of the system. The increase in the Hall current parameter, the Lewis number, the modified diffusivity ratio and the concentration Rayleigh Darcy number is to hasten the onset of convection while the magnetic Darcy number, the porosity parameter and the Darcy number has stabilized on the onset of convection.
SMILAY: An information flow management framework for microgrid applications (2013)

The micro grid is a small intelligent electricity network (power grid) that uses computer technology to optimize production, distribution, and consumption and can operate independently by managing "intelligently" its own expenses and production capacity. The main objective is to ensure the best user perception without any human monitoring based on effective needs and better use. To do so, we need a control mechanism to drive the microgrid. In this article, we propose a new easily deployable framework called SMILAY based on two key ideas: a hierarchical architecture and a service-specific overlay network (SSON). SMILAY works by deploying SMIBOXES over all the buildings of the microgrid and interconnecting them through an overlay network. A multicriteria selection mechanism is used to design a small set of SMIBOXES in charge of the information flow management. Our simulation results show that the proposed approach provides fast convergence time performance of the information flow compared to other related approaches using minimum network capacity.
Heterosubtypic Immunity to Influenza A Virus Infection Requires B Cells but Not CD8+Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes (2001)

Heterosubtypic immunity (HSI), defined as protective cross-reactivity to lethal infection with influenza A virus of a serotype different from the virus initially encountered, is thought to be mediated by cross-reactive cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL). This study provides direct evidence for the role of effector CTL versus B cells in HSI in mice with a targeted disruption in the alpha chain of CD8 molecule (CD8(+) T cell deficient) or the immunoglobulin mu heavy chain (B cell deficient), respectively. CD8(+) T cell-deficient mice developed complete HSI. These mice displayed normal humoral immune responses, as determined by titers of subtype cross-reactive antibodies and virus-neutralizing antibodies specific for the immunizing influenza strain. In contrast, HSI was not observed in B cell-deficient mice, although these mice could mount cross-reactive CTL responses. These results show that B cells are required for HSI and provide new insight into the mechanisms of HSI, with significant implications in vaccine development.
Morphology and size control of calcium carbonate crystallized in a reverse micelle system with switchable surfactants (2015)

Sub-micron CaCO<sub>3</sub> particles with different morphologies were prepared in reverse micelles based on a CO<sub>2</sub>/N<sub>2</sub> switchable surfactant (<italic>N</italic>′-dodecyl-<italic>N</italic>,<italic>N</italic>-dimethyl acetamidine bicarbonate).
Segmentation of bank customers by expected benefits and attitudes (2001)

Segmentation by demographic factors is widely used in bank marketing despite the fact that the correlation of such factors with the needs of customers is often weak. Segmentation by expected benefits and attitudes could enhance a bank’s ability to address the conflict between individual service and cost‐saving standardisation. Using cluster analysis segments were formed based on combinations of customer ratings for different attitudinal dimensions and benefits of bank service. The clusters generated in this way were superior in their homogeneity and profile to customer segments gained by referring to demographic differences. Additionally, four characteristic groups of customers were identified showing special preferences for and against information services and technology.
Evidential-based control in knowledge-based systems (1988)

Knowledge-Based Systems (KBSs) that operate in the real-world must reason about their actions from information that is inherently uncertain, imprecise, and occasionally incorrect. Consequently, control-related information can be viewed as imperfect evidence that can potentially support or refute hypotheses about which actions are the most appropriate to pursue. Moreover, previous research has not thoroughly exploited the fact that knowledge about the degree to which evidence is certain, precise, and correct can significantly influence the choice of any alternative. It follows that the ability to make effective decisions is critically dependent upon the underlying technologies and knowledge that is brought to bear upon the task of choosing a course of action on the basis of evidential information. This dissertation, therefore, is concerned with the problem of developing an automated approach to reasoning about control that is well suited for real-world situations. The Dempster-Shafer (DS) theory of evidence is the mathematical foundation of an evidential reasoning (ER) technology upon which our proposed approach is based. Control-related evidence is derived from evidential measures such as ignorance, ambiguity, and dissonance that reflect the certainty, precision, and accuracy of domain knowledge and hypotheses of interest. These and other measures were also used to help characterize and reason about the current state and problem solving capabilities of a KBS. Dempster's rule is used to form a consensus opinion about the truth of hypotheses that the evidence directly impacts. An inference engine is used to infer the truth and falsity of the remaining dependent hypotheses, thus, inference-based control is a core paradigm in our approach. Evidential decision measures such as decisiveness were developed to help choose an action based upon the results of the inference process. A high-level computer vision KBS called OCULUS was built as a testbed for conducting a large number of control experiments. The results demonstrate that an evidential approach to control can significantly improve the system's ability to correctly interpret images by as much as 30%, and in most cases with less than a 10% increase in effort. They also suggest that the domain independent control strategies that were developed and used by the system can be very effective in other real-world task domains.
Association of total and pancreatic serum amylase enzymatic activity with insulin resistance and the glucose and insulin responses to oral starch test in Mexican children (2022)

Our results suggest that AMY2 is positively associated with IR. A high level of AMYt is related to lower glucose and insulin responses to OST in Mexican children, regardless of their weight status.
Supplementary references from Genetic Associations in Classical Hodgkin Lymphoma: A Systematic Review and Insights into Susceptibility Mechanisms (2023)

&lt;p&gt;List of supplementary references.&lt;/p&gt;
The Essential Role of Stacking Adenines in a Two-Base-Pair RNA Kissing Complex (2013)

In minimal RNA kissing complexes formed between hairpins with cognate GACG tetraloops, the two tertiary GC pairs are likely stabilized by the stacking of 5'-unpaired adenines at each end of the short helix. To test this hypothesis, we mutated the flanking adenines to various nucleosides and examined their effects on the kissing interaction. Electrospray ionization mass spectrometry was used to detect kissing dimers in a multiequilibria mixture, whereas optical tweezers were applied to monitor the (un)folding trajectories of single RNA molecules. The experimental findings were rationalized by molecular dynamics simulations. Together, the results showed that the stacked adenines are indispensable for the tertiary interaction. By shielding the tertiary base pairs from solvent and reducing their fraying, the stacked adenines made terminal pairs act more like interior base pairs. The purine double-ring of adenine was essential for effective stacking, whereas additional functional groups modulated the stabilizing effects through varying hydrophobic and electrostatic forces. Furthermore, formation of the kissing complex was dominated by base pairing, whereas its dissociation was significantly influenced by the flanking bases. Together, these findings indicate that unpaired flanking nucleotides play essential roles in the formation of otherwise unstable two-base-pair RNA tertiary interactions.
Magnetic Field Generation and B-Dot Sensor Characterization in the High Frequency Band (2012)

Abstract : Designing a high frequency (HF) magnetic field direction finding (DF) array for use onboard a military aircraft is the challenge that drives the effort of the research presented. The frequency range of interest, 2-32 MHz, has a maximum wavelength (150 meters) that exceeds the maximum length of any platform in the USAF inventory. The large wavelengths in the HF range make it difficult to accurately estimate from which direction a magnetic field is emitting. Accurate DF estimates are necessary for search and rescue operations and geolocating RF emitters of interest. The primary goal of this research is to characterize the performance of the MGL-S8A (Multi-Gap loop) B-Dot sensor. Although the sensors are designed to operate at frequencies above 5 GHz, their small size and potential to accurately detect magnetic fields in the 2-32 MHz range make them likely to be one type of an ensemble of sensors in the design of a HF DF array. The sensors are characterized in the azimuthal angles of 0, 45, -45, 90, and -90 degrees. Each sensor is characterized using two different types of magnetic field generators: a transverse electromagnetic (TEM) cell and a Helmholtz coil. The TEM cell generates a consistent magnetic field that acts as the input to the B-Dot sensor. The second type of magnetic field generator used, which is the secondary objective of this research, is a Helmholtz coil. An ideally designed Helmholtz coil is intended to be an inexpensive alternative to help in the characterization of B-Dot sensors in the HF range. The sensors can accurately measure electromagnetic (EM) fields in the HF range. Although the detection capability of the sensors is good, small differences between the 0 and 45 degree measurements may make it difficult for the sensors to be used in a DF array.
Interferometric spectroscopy applied to the engineering of nonlinear materials (1995)

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