gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Schedule Recovery: Unplanned Absences in Service Operations* (2005)

ABSTRACT The U.S. service sector loses 2.3% of all scheduled labor hours to unplanned absences, but in some industries, the total cost of unplanned absences approaches 20% of payroll expense. The principal reasons for unscheduled absences (personal illness and family issues) are unlikely to abate anytime soon. Despite this, most labor scheduling systems continue to assume perfect attendance. This oversight masks an important but rarely addressed issue in services management: how to recover from short‐notice, short‐term reductions in planned capacity. In this article, we model optimal responses to unplanned employee absences in multi‐server queueing systems that provide discrete, pay‐per‐use services for impatient customers. Our goal is to assess the performance of alternate absence recovery strategies under various staffing and scheduling regimes. We accomplish this by first developing optimal labor schedules for hypothetical service environments with unreliable workers. We then simulate unplanned employee absences, apply an absence recovery model, and compute system profits. Our absence recovery model utilizes recovery strategies such as holdover overtime, call‐ins, and temporary workers. We find that holdover overtime is an effective absence recovery strategy provided sufficient reserve capacity (maximum allowable work hours minus scheduled hours) exists. Otherwise, less precise and more costly absence recovery methods such as call‐ins and temporary help service workers may be needed. We also find that choices for initial staffing and scheduling policies, such as planned overtime and absence anticipation, significantly influence the likelihood of successful absence recovery. To predict the effectiveness of absence recovery policies under alternate staffing/scheduling strategies and operating environments, we propose an index based on initial capacity reserves.
Improved current control for HID lamp drivers (2005)

HID lamps are typically operated at low frequency (100 Hz to 200 Hz) to avoid damage from acoustic resonance. Accordingly, an electronic ballast normally comprises a buck converter to control the lamp current and an ignition circuit and full-bridge for driving the lamp at low frequency. However, the negative dynamic lamp characteristic in combination with a power electronic driver may give a poorly damped response, often resulting in an oscillatory lamp current. Furthermore, aged HID lamps or reduced power mode operation tends to exhibit reignition voltage overshoot, resulting in reduction of lamp performance during life, or even extinguishing. In the present paper a procedure for obtaining the small-signal dynamic characteristics of metal halide lamps is proposed. Using this dynamic model the lamp-ballast interaction is simulated and analyzed. Then a fuzzy-logic control method is presented to cope with the non-linear behavior and improve the lamp-ballast performance. Finally, simulation results are verified with practical measurements on a laboratory prototype.
Searching the web with mobile images for location recognition (2004)

We describe an approach to recognizing location from mobile devices using image-based Web search. We demonstrate the usefulness of common image search metrics applied on images captured with a camera-equipped mobile device to find matching images on the World Wide Web or other general-purpose databases. Searching the entire Web can be computationally overwhelming, so we devise a hybrid image-and-keyword searching technique. First, image-search is performed over images and links to their source Web pages in a database that indexes only a small fraction of the Web. Then, relevant keywords on these Web pages are automatically identified and submitted to an existing text-based search engine (e.g. Google) that indexes a much larger portion of the Web. Finally, the resulting image set is filtered to retain images close to the original query. It is thus possible to efficiently search hundreds of millions of images that are not only textually related but also visually relevant. We demonstrate our approach on an application allowing users to browse Web pages matching the image of a nearby location.
Paradigm for shape-based image analysis (1998)

Traditional image segmentation techniques typically divide an image into separate regions based on gray-scale characteristics. Most real-world image-segmentation problems, however, require some subse- quent shape-based processing to yield acceptable results. Unfortu- nately, choosing an appropriate sequence of image-processing opera- tors (a process) for this purpose can be a time-consuming, tedious procedure that requires considerable image-processing expertise. We describe a semiautomatic paradigm for selecting shape-based opera- tions for an image-analysis process. Desired shape information for im- age regions is provided by the user in the form of easily specified cues. The cues are then automatically interpreted to select suitable image- processing operators and operator parameters; the operators can be morphological, topological, and image-manipulation functions. The para- digm, hence, enables easy prototyping of image-analysis processes for different problems. The user is not required to be an image-processing expert to apply this strategy—he or she need only be able to specify the desired shape properties of the regions in the image. We demonstrate our approach for both 2-D and 3-D image analysis problems. © 1998 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers. (S0091-3286(98)02902-X)
Temporal lipid mediator profiles differ between plasma and bronchoalveolar lavage in mice exposed to tobacco smoke (2012)

Patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease exhibit inflammation in the respiratory tract. In order to investigate temporal trends of the inflammatory response, a murine model of short‐term tobacco smoke (TS) exposure was used. Focus was on lipid mediators in the oxylipin family, i.e. oxidized fatty acids including eicosanoids of the cyclooxygenase (COX), lipoxygenase (LOX), and cytochrome P450 (CYP) metabolic pathways. Mice (C57Bl/6) were exposed to TS for 3, 9, and 15 hours, or filtered air (FA). Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and plasma samples underwent solid phase extraction followed by analysis with liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry. The resulting oxylipin levels were higher in plasma than in BALF, and a larger number of oxylipins was detected in plasma than in BALF (28 vs 21). Furthermore, the fraction of LOX‐derived oxylipins was the same, while the fraction of COX‐ and CYP‐derived oxylipins differed between BALF and plasma. Six of the LOX‐oxylipins in BALF, and none in plasma, were significantly increased after 9h of TS exposure correlating to a significant increase in total number of infiltrated cells ( p=0.05 ). In conclusion, temporal oxylipin profiles may be used to assess the progression of pulmonary inflammation in mice exposed to TS. TRDRP 16KT‐0037, NIEHS Grants ES02710, P42 ES04699, and the Swedish Research Councils VR, Formas, and Vinnova supported this work.
A Study of Combined Splitting Rules in Regression Trees (2002)

Regression trees, a technique in data mining, are constructed by splitting function-a independent variable and its threshold. Lee (2002) considered one-sided purity (OSP) and one-sided extreme (OSE) splitting criteria for finding a interesting node as early as possible. But these methods cannot be crossed each other in the same tree. They are just concentrated on OSP or OSE separately in advance. In this paper, a new splitting method, which is the combination and extension of OSP and OSE, is proposed. By these combined criteria, we can select the nodes by considering both pure and extreme in the same tree. These criteria are not the generalized one of the previous criteria but another option depending on the circumstance.
The Human Platelet Alloantigen 5 Polymorphism as a Risk for the Development of Acute Idiopathic Thrombocytopenia Purpura (2000)

The Human Platelet Alloantigen 5 Polymorphism as a Risk for the Development of Acute Idiopathic Thrombocytopenia Purpura -
Maternal age, infant age, feeding options, single/multiple pregnancy, type of twin sets and mother-to-child transmission of HIV (2018)

Maternal age, type of pregnancy and twins' sets are new MTCT risk factors. Strategies to further decrease transmission through family planning, pre/post natal consultations and clinical practices are needed.
Experimental and computational analysis of the transition state for ribonuclease A-catalyzed RNA 2′- O -transphosphorylation (2013)

Enzymes function by stabilizing reaction transition states; therefore, comparison of the transition states of enzymatic and nonenzymatic model reactions can provide insight into biological catalysis. Catalysis of RNA 2'-O-transphosphorylation by ribonuclease A is proposed to involve electrostatic stabilization and acid/base catalysis, although the structure of the rate-limiting transition state is uncertain. Here, we describe coordinated kinetic isotope effect (KIE) analyses, molecular dynamics simulations, and quantum mechanical calculations to model the transition state and mechanism of RNase A. Comparison of the (18)O KIEs on the 2'O nucleophile, 5'O leaving group, and nonbridging phosphoryl oxygens for RNase A to values observed for hydronium- or hydroxide-catalyzed reactions indicate a late anionic transition state. Molecular dynamics simulations using an anionic phosphorane transition state mimic suggest that H-bonding by protonated His12 and Lys41 stabilizes the transition state by neutralizing the negative charge on the nonbridging phosphoryl oxygens. Quantum mechanical calculations consistent with the experimental KIEs indicate that expulsion of the 5'O remains an integral feature of the rate-limiting step both on and off the enzyme. Electrostatic interactions with positively charged amino acid site chains (His12/Lys41), together with proton transfer from His119, render departure of the 5'O less advanced compared with the solution reaction and stabilize charge buildup in the transition state. The ability to obtain a chemically detailed description of 2'-O-transphosphorylation transition states provides an opportunity to advance our understanding of biological catalysis significantly by determining how the catalytic modes and active site environments of phosphoryl transferases influence transition state structure.
Predictors of Early Readmission in Patients With Cirrhosis After the Resolution of Bacterial Infections (2017)

CRP showed to be a strong predictor of early hospital readmission and 6-month mortality in patients with cirrhosis after hospitalization for bacterial and/or fungal infection. CRP values could be used both in the stewardship of antibiotic treatment and to identify fragile patients who deserve a strict surveillance program.
Determinants of Renal Tissue Oxygenation as Measured with BOLD-MRI in Chronic Kidney Disease and Hypertension in Humans (2014)

Experimentally renal tissue hypoxia appears to play an important role in the pathogenesis of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and arterial hypertension (AHT). In this study we measured renal tissue oxygenation and its determinants in humans using blood oxygenation level-dependent magnetic resonance imaging (BOLD-MRI) under standardized hydration conditions. Four coronal slices were selected, and a multi gradient echo sequence was used to acquire T2* weighted images. The mean cortical and medullary R2* values ( = 1/T2*) were calculated before and after administration of IV furosemide, a low R2* indicating a high tissue oxygenation. We studied 195 subjects (95 CKD, 58 treated AHT, and 42 healthy controls). Mean cortical R2 and medullary R2* were not significantly different between the groups at baseline. In stimulated conditions (furosemide injection), the decrease in R2* was significantly blunted in patients with CKD and AHT. In multivariate linear regression analyses, neither cortical nor medullary R2* were associated with eGFR or blood pressure, but cortical R2* correlated positively with male gender, blood glucose and uric acid levels. In conclusion, our data show that kidney oxygenation is tightly regulated in CKD and hypertensive patients at rest. However, the metabolic response to acute changes in sodium transport is altered in CKD and in AHT, despite preserved renal function in the latter group. This suggests the presence of early renal metabolic alterations in hypertension. The correlations between cortical R2* values, male gender, glycemia and uric acid levels suggest that these factors interfere with the regulation of renal tissue oxygenation.
Synthesis of Double-Chain Bis-sulfone Neoglycolipids of the 2'-, 3'-, and 6'-Deoxyglobotrioses (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis of Double-Chain Bis-sulfone Neoglycolipids of the 2'-, 3'-, and 6'-DeoxyglobotriosesZhiyuan Zhang and Goeran MagnussonCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1995, 60, 22, 7304–7315Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00127a042https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00127a042research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views217Altmetric-Citations19LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (4)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
VITAMIN B12, THIAMINE, AND BIOTIN IN LAKE SAGAMI1 (1972)

Vitamin B 1 2 thiamine, and biotin concentrations in Lake Sagami were determined by microbiological assay methods and were compared with other biological and chemical factors. Fluctuations in vitamin concentrations corresponded with the succession of phytoplankton during the year.
Gel filtration chromatography of protein extracts from Lucerne (Alfalfa) (1982)

Abstract Several gels used for gel filtration were compared for their effectiveness in separating protein from lucerne (alfalfa) extracts. Separations of protein and non‐protein components on Sephadex G‐50 and Bio‐Gel P‐10 were good at loading levels up to 35% of column volume. This separation was maintained upon concentrating the extract in an ultrafilter. The lyophilised protein concentrates were cream coloured, were very soluble, and had a good balance of amino acids.
Theoretical limits of scanning white-light interferometry signal evaluation algorithms (2001)

Scanning white-light interferometry is widely used for the microstructure analysis of technical and biological specimens. For each pixel in the focal plane of the apparatus a white-light interferogram is acquired and evaluated by means of an algorithm. We discuss some properties of mathematically optimal evaluation methods and the best possible achievable resolution derived therefrom depending on the setup parameters. A comparison of the results to one of the algorithms described in the literature is given.
Evaluation of OPC quality using automated edge placement error measurement with CD-SEM (2006)

Optical proximity correction (OPC) plays a vital role in the lithography process of cutting-edge IC fabrication. The quality of lithography models used in OPC is fundamental to the final performance of the OPC in production. Traditionally, two-dimensional proximity features such as line-end, bar-to-bar or bar-to-line were only partially characterized because of the difficulty in transferring the SEM information into the OPC model building process. A new methodology of edge placement error (EPE) measurement using CD-SEM is proposed as part of an OPC model building and process/OPC qualification flow. It is not easy to generate EPE measurements because of the inherent need to overlay the design and the SEM in order to quantify EPE. The quality of the EPE measurement depends on both the accuracy of the SEM image scan rotation and magnification, but also on the accuracy of pattern matching between the design layout pattern and the realized pattern (wafer). These problems do not exist in simulation, but model calibration requires a direct comparison between simulation and measurement. Measuring EPE effectively brings the measurement information into the realm of the design. Hitachi High-Technologies has developed a "fully automated EPE measurement function" based on design layout and detected edges of SEM image as a solution to this issue. This study shows several practical evaluation results using the automated EPE measurement function. The applications that will be discussed are as follows. 1) Design based classification of edges and subsequent quantification of SEM EPE for many types of edge arrangement and orientation. In this study, we will examine line-end-adjacent, line-end, corner, and other critical gate edges. 2) SEM image based classification of EPE fliers as a new population of errors. 3) Comparison between the detected edge of the feature within the SEM image and a polygon shape generated by lithography simulation to determine the quality of the simulation. 4) Conversion of the SEM image edge contour into an OASIS file and construction of a process variability band to quantify CD variability for all 2D contexts in a SEM image.
Do Intra-Articular Corticosteroid Injections Prior to Total Knee Arthroplasty Increase Postoperative Complication Rates: A Retrospective Review (2020)

<title>Abstract</title> <bold>Background:</bold>There is conflicting literature suggesting that intra-articular corticosteroid injections before total knee arthroplasty (TKA) may lead to an increase in the rate of postoperative complications, specifically periprosthetic joint infection (PJI). Thus, this systematic review of all TKAs performed at a large, urban hospital will add valuable evidence to help guide future patient care.<bold>Methods: </bold>After exclusion criteria, we retrospectively reviewed 417 patients who received a TKA from a group of fellowship-trained orthopaedic surgeons between 2009 to 2016 at a singleacademic medical center. Minimum follow-up time was oneyear. Patients were separated into two groups: those who received a preoperative intra-articular corticosteroid injection and those who did not receive an injection. Subgroups were created based on the timing of their most recent preoperative injection: 0-3 months, 3-6 months, 6-12 months, 12+ months, and an unknown time period. Postoperative outcomes for PJI, revision TKA, and manipulation under anesthesia (MUA)were analyzed via a chi-square test.<bold>Results: </bold>No statistically significant postoperative differences were observed between groups: PJI (p-value = 0.904), revision TKA (p-value= 0.206), and MUA (p-value= 0.163). The temporal subgroups also failed to demonstrate a statistically significant result: PJI (p-value= 0.348), revision TKA (p-value= 0.701), and MUA (p-value= 0.512).<bold>Conclusions: </bold>This study revealed no absolute or temporal association between preoperative, intra-articular corticosteroid injections and complications after TKA. Because these injections are a commonly used treatment modality prior to TKA, further studies should be conducted on a nationwide basis to draw more concrete conclusions.
CourseScheduler [academic courses scheduling] (2002)

A typical problem in an academic environment is trying to find the best set of courses to offer students in a given semester, taking into consideration which courses are needed by students, and the availability of instructors capable of teaching those classes. The optimal solution is to offer all courses that will allow all students to graduate in the minimum number of semesters. This allows students to finish their course-work quickly so that they can enter the work force and earn a living. The job of determining which courses to schedule (usually done by a department chairperson) requires information about the student-body needs and information about instructor availability/capability. The most difficult part of this process is to determine which instructors should teach which courses, and in which time-slots they should teach them, and still be able to satisfy all of the students. Selection of instructors is determined by the fact that an instructor knows the course material and that they are available to teach a given course. Instructors may have preferences as to what time of day they teach, or on which days of the week they would like to instruct the courses for which they are responsible. This paper presents a small set of software components-CourseScheduler, IApplet, and AdmValidatorApplet-which, when used together as a suite of tools will aid department-chairpersons in their scheduling process.
Airflow obstruction after substance P aerosol: contribution of airway and pulmonary edema (1990)

We have studied the effects of aerosolized substance P (SP) in guinea pigs with reference to lung resistance and dynamic compliance changes and their recovery after hyperinflation. In addition, we have examined the concomitant formation of airway microvascular leakage and lung edema. Increasing breaths of SP (1.5 mg/ml, 1.1 mM), methacholine (0.15 mg/ml, 0.76 mM), or 0.9% saline were administered to tracheostomized and mechanically ventilated guinea pigs. Lung resistance (RL) increased dose dependently with a maximum effect of 963 +/- 85% of baseline values (mean +/- SE) after SP (60 breaths) and 1,388 +/- 357% after methacholine (60 breaths). After repeated hyperinflations, methacholine-treated animals returned to baseline, but after SP, mean RL was still raised (292 +/- 37%; P less than 0.005). Airway microvascular leakage, measured by extravasation of Evans Blue dye, occurred in the brain bronchi and intrapulmonary airways after SP but not after methacholine. There was a significant correlation between RL after hyperinflation and Evans Blue dye extravasation in intrapulmonary airways (distal: r = 0.89, P less than 0.005; proximal: r = 0.85, P less than 0.01). Examination of frozen sections for peribronchial and perivascular cuffs of edema and for alveolar flooding showed significant degrees of pulmonary edema for animals treated with SP compared with those treated with methacholine or saline. We conclude that the inability of hyperinflation to fully reverse changes in RL after SP may be due to the formation of both airway and pulmonary edema, which may also contribute to the deterioration in RL.
Total quality index: a benchmarking tool for total quality management (2003)

The total quality index (TQI) proposed in this study is an information technology‐supported benchmarking tool that helps managers assess a total quality management program by enabling the cost‐effective measurement of key organizational processes. TQI utilizes the analytic hierarchy process and the Delphi technique to measure ideal and actual quality management along eight critical factors synthesized by Saraph et al. and supported by subsequent research. A study utilizing TQI was conducted to evaluate the progress of quality management in clinical and non‐clinical settings. Eight clinical and six non‐clinical departments were selected from four different hospitals to participate in this study. The results show that, contrary to the common beliefs, there is little difference in the actual and ideal scores on the eight critical factors between the clinical and non‐clinical settings.