gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Soft-Copy and Palette-Color Extension for Color Facsimile Standards (1995)

In the last several years, tremendous progress has been made toward the development of international standards for Color Facsimile within the International Telecommunication Union&#x2014;Telecommunication Standard Sector, ITU-T (formerly called the CCITT). The first goal of these efforts is to encode and communicate full-color continuous-tone images using the JPEG image compression standard and the CIELAB color space as the color interchange space. For this goal, ITU-T Recommendation T.42 &#x201C;Continuous-tone colour representation method for facsimile&#x201D; and new annexes and revised recommendations for Group 3 and Group 4 facsimiles were developed and approved by ITU-T in 1994. The next goals of these efforts are soft-copy and palletized color image extensions for color facsimile. For soft-copy facsimile, color interchange space and optional color reproduction information are being proposed at ITU-T. For encoding palletized color images and lossless continuous-tone images, the JBIG image compression method is being considered by ITU-T. The recent progress in the above proposals are reported in this paper.
Compositional effects on the fracture behaviour of alkali–silicate glasses (2000)

The two‐point bend strength and the fracture toughness of a series of soda–potassia–silicate and soda–potassia–calcia–silicate glass fibres have been measured. There is a clear variation of mean strength with composition for the soda–potassia–silicate glasses, however, there is much less variation of mean strength with composition for the soda–potassia–calcia–silicate glasses. There is also a greater variation of fracture toughness with composition for the soda–potassia–silicate glasses than for the soda–potassia–calcia–silicate glasses. The mean strength, fracture toughness and inferred flaw sizes for the soda–potassia–calcia–silicate glasses are all less than the equivalent values for the soda–potassia–silicate glasses. These results are related to the structural models and durability of the glasses tested.
Crystal structure of 1,3-bis(1-methylbenzimidazol-2-yl)- propane(acetonitrile)copper(I)hexafluorophosphate, CU(C19H20N4)(CH3CN)(PF6) (1993)

Article Crystal structure of 1,3-bis(1-methylbenzimidazol-2-yl)- propane(acetonitrile)copper(I)hexafluorophosphate, CU(C19H20N4)(CH3CN)(PF6) was published on June 1, 1993 in the journal Zeitschrift für Kristallographie - Crystalline Materials (volume 203, issue 1-2).
Well-to-Well Log Correlation Using Knowledge-Based Systems and Dynamic Depth Warping (1987)

We present a novel system for well-to-welliog correlation using knowledge-based systems and dynamic depth warping techniques. This approach overcomes a major drawback in-herent in previous methods, namely the difficulty in correlating missing or discontinuous rock units. The system has three components: (1) A Dynamic Programming algorithm to cor-relate the logs and to find the minimum-cost or &amp;quot;best &amp;quot; match; (2) A set of &amp;quot;rules &amp;quot; to guide the correlation; (3) A data base that contains the logs and other relevant geologic and seismic information. The Dynamic Programming algorithm calculates the cost of correlating each point in the first well with each of the points in the second well. The resulting matrix of dissimilarity contains cost information about every possible opera-tion which matches the well logs. The cost of matching the two wells is measured by the difference in the log values. The dynamic programming approach allows correlation across geologic structures, thinning beds, and missing or discontinuous units. A path finding algorithm then traces through the matrix to define a function which maps the
Special Section: Context-Driven Information Access and Deployment (2005)

(2005). Special Section: Context-Driven Information Access and Deployment. Journal of Management Information Systems: Vol. 21, No. 4, pp. 7-9.
Diarylspiro[2.4]heptenes as Orally Active, Highly Selective Cyclooxygenase-2 Inhibitors:  Synthesis and Structure−Activity Relationships (1996)

A novel series of 5,6-diarylspiro[2.4]hept-5-enes was shown to provide highly potent and selective cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitors. A study of structure-activity relationships in this series suggests that 3,4-disubstituted phenyl analogs are generally more selective than 4-substituted phenyl analogs and that replacement of the methyl sulfone group on the 6-phenyl ring with a sulfonamide moiety results in compounds with superior in vivo pharmacological properties, although with lower COX-2 selectivity. Several compounds have been shown to possess promising pharmacological properties in adjuvant-induced arthritis and edema analgesia models. The absence of gastrointestinal (GI) toxicity at 200 mpk of several selected compounds in rats and mice corresponds well with the weak potency for inhibition of COX-1 observed in the enzyme assay. Methyl sulfone 55 and sulfonamide 24 were shown to have superior in vivo pharmacological profiles, low GI toxicity, and good oral bioavailability and duration of action.
Use of ED-Tethers for Orbit Maintenance and Deorbit - NASA GLAST Mission (2002)

The use of electrodynamic tethers (EDTs) to support such mission needs as deorbit, drag make-up, and inclination change are evaluated for a large, 4000-5000 kg class, spacecraft in low Earth orbit for astronomical applications.We specifically evaluate the use of an EDT for NASA's planned GLAST mission.GLAST is a next generation high energy gamma-ray observatory designed for making observations of celestial gainma-ray sources in the energy band extending from 20 MeV to more than 300 GeV and is part of NASA's Office of Space and Science Strategic Plan, with launch anticipated in ,2006.The 4500-kg GLAST observatory is planned to be launched into a 28.5' inclination orbit from Kennedy Space Center by a Delta 2920-10H for a 5year mission with a goal of 10 years.End of mission deorbit of the GLAST spacecraft using an EDT is assessed against a hydrazine based approach and is found to require approximately a third of the mass.The use of a drag make-up EDT is also evaluated as a means to place the spacecraft at a lower altitude (400 vs. 550 km) to be below more of the negative effects of the South Atlantic Anomoaly (SAA) while assuring the required orbit lifetime.Chemical and electric propulsion alternatives for drag make-up are also evaluated.It is found that the EDT is the lowest mass approach.
Arabidopsis lonely guy (LOG) multiple mutants reveal a central role of the LOG‐dependent pathway in cytokinin activation (2011)

Cytokinins are phytohormones that play key roles in the maintenance of stem cell activity in plants. Although alternative single-step and two-step activation pathways for cytokinin have been proposed, the significance of the single-step pathway which is catalyzed by LONELY GUY (LOG), is not fully understood. We analyzed the metabolic flow of cytokinin activation in Arabidopsis log multiple mutants using stable isotope-labeled tracers and characterized the mutants' morphological and developmental phenotypes. In tracer experiments, cytokinin activation was inhibited most pronouncedly by log7, while the other log mutations had cumulative effects. Although sextuple or lower-order mutants did not show drastic phenotypes in vegetative growth, the log1log2log3log4log5log7log8 septuple T-DNA insertion mutant in which the LOG-dependent pathway is impaired, displayed severe retardation of shoot and root growth with defects in the maintenance of the apical meristems. Detailed observation of the mutants showed that LOG7 was required for the maintenance of shoot apical meristem size. LOG7 was also suggested to play a role for normal primary root growth together with LOG3 and LOG4. These results suggest a dominant role of the single-step activation pathway mediated by LOGs for cytokinin production, and overlapping but differentiated functions of the members of the LOG gene family in growth and development.
RNA activation of haploinsufficient Foxg1 gene in murine neocortex (2016)

More than one hundred distinct gene hemizygosities are specifically linked to epilepsy, mental retardation, autism, schizophrenia and neuro-degeneration. Radical repair of these gene deficits via genome engineering is hardly feasible. The same applies to therapeutic stimulation of the spared allele by artificial transactivators. Small activating RNAs (saRNAs) offer an alternative, appealing approach. As a proof-of-principle, here we tested this approach on the Rett syndrome-linked, haploinsufficient, Foxg1 brain patterning gene. We selected a set of artificial small activating RNAs (saRNAs) upregulating it in neocortical precursors and their derivatives. Expression of these effectors achieved a robust biological outcome. saRNA-driven activation (RNAa) was limited to neural cells which normally express Foxg1 and did not hide endogenous gene tuning. saRNAs recognized target chromatin through a ncRNA stemming from it. Gene upregulation required Ago1 and was associated to RNApolII enrichment throughout the Foxg1 locus. Finally, saRNA delivery to murine neonatal brain replicated Foxg1-RNAa in vivo.
Performance of Media for Recovering Stressed Cells of Enterobacter sakazakii as Determined Using Spiral Plating and Ecometric Techniques (2005)

A study was done to determine the performance of differential, selective media for supporting resuscitation and colony development by stressed cells of Enterobacter sakazakii. Cells of four strains of E. sakazakii isolated from powdered infant formula were exposed to five stress conditions: heat (55 degrees C for 5 min), freezing (-20 degrees C for 24 h, thawed, frozen again at -20 degrees C for 2 h, thawed), acidic pH (3.54), alkaline pH (11.25), and desiccation in powdered infant formula (water activity, 0.25; 21 degrees C for 31 days). Control and stressed cells were spiral plated on tryptic soy agar supplemented with 0.1% pyruvate (TSAP, a nonselective control medium); Leuschner, Baird, Donald, and Cox (LBDC) agar (a differential, nonselective medium); Oh and Kang agar (OK); fecal coliform agar (FCA); Druggan-Forsythe-Iversen (DFI) medium; violet red bile glucose (VRBG) agar; and Enterobacteriaceae enrichment (EE) agar. With the exception of desiccation-stressed cells, suspensions of stressed cells were also plated on these media and on R&F Enterobacter sakazakii chromogenic plating (RF) medium using the ecometric technique. The order of performance of media for recovering control and heat-, freeze-, acid-, and alkaline-stressed cells by spiral plating was TSAP > LBDC > FCA > OK, VRBG > DFI > EE; the general order for recovering desiccated cells was TSAP, LBDC, FCA, OK > DFI, VRBG, EE. Using the ecometric technique, the general order of growth indices of stressed cells was TSAP, LBDC > FCA > RF, VRBG, OK > DFI, EE. The results indicate that differential, selective media vary greatly in their abilities to support resuscitation and colony formation by stressed cells of E. sakazakii. The orders of performance of media for recovering stressed cells were similar using spiral plating and ecometric techniques, but results from spiral plating should be considered more conclusive.
Peptide-agonist of protease-activated receptor (PAR1) stimulates keratinocyte proliferation and epithelial layer wound healing similarly to activated protein C (2015)

Activated protein C (APC) is a serine protease involved in hemostasis; APC also exhibits antiinflammatory and anti-apoptotic properties, which are independent of its anticoagulant activity; these properties determine a possibility of the protective effects of APC in various diseases, including sepsis and healing of chronic wounds. We have hypothesized that the cytoprotective effect of APC on the cells, involved in wound healing, may be mimicked by peptide analogues of PAR1 “tethered ligand” activating PAR1. In order to test this hypothesis experimentally, we have synthesized a peptide (AP9)—analogue of the PAR1 tethered ligand, released by APC, and demonstrated for the first time that the AP9 peptide (0.1–10 μM), like to APC (0.01–100 nM), stimulates the proliferative activity of human primary keratinocytes. Using a model of the epithelial layer wounds we found that peptide AP9, as well as protease APC, accelerates wound healing. Using specific antibodies we have investigated the receptor mechanism of the AP9 effect in wound healing compared with the APC action. The proliferative activity of agonists requires both PAR1 receptor and endothelial protein C receptor (EPCR). Imitation of APC effect on keratinocytes by peptide AP9, PAR1 ligand, found in this study suggests the possibility of the use of peptide AP9 for stimulation of tissue repair.
Step-up converter for electromagnetic vibrational energy scavenger (2008)

This paper introduces a voltage multiplier (VM) circuit which can step up a minimum voltage of 150 mV (peak). The operation and characteristics of this converter circuit are described. The voltage multiplier circuit is also tested with micro and macro scale electromagnetic vibrational generators and the effect of the VM on the optimum load conditions of the electromagnetic generator is presented. The measured results show that 85 % efficiency can be achieved from this VM circuit at a power level of 18 μW. 1.
Extending grid protocols onto the desktop using the Mozilla framework (2006)

This paper describes an approach to building problem solving environments that provide users with direct access to remote grid services and protocols from their desktop or laptop. We describe two examples of this approach: Topaz extends the Firefox web browser to support the GridFTP protocol, thereby enabling the user to move large files between server-based data repositories and their primary day-to-day computer; and the Gemstone frontend that allows users to browse the set of services provided by an application provider and enables dynamic integration of the user interface elements. Gemstone is also a framework that allows application service providers to not only specify the service interface, but define the user interface and experience. Both Topaz and Gemstone build upon the Mozilla platform to leverage the current state of the art in web technologies. 1
New buried bit-line NAND (BiNAND) Flash memory for data storage (2004)

Buried bit-line NAND (BiNAND) Flash is newly proposed to achieve low voltage programming/erase and facilitate multi-level storage. Due to the buried bit-line, the required high program/erase voltage for FN tunneling can be divided between word-line and bit-line and therefore minimizes the disturbance. The negative programmed threshold voltage also facilitates the operation of multi-level storage due to high array conductivity.
1895-P: The Role of Endocannabinoid Receptor 1 (CB1R) in the Insulin Signaling Pathway (2019)

Cannabinoid 1 receptors (CB1Rs) are G protein-coupled receptors that are present in peripheral organs such as liver, pancreas, adipose tissue and skeletal muscle where they are involved in fine-tuning many metabolic functions. It was previously reported that liver-specific genetic deletion of CB1R (hCNR1-/-) mice fed high fat diets (HFD) had similar body weight to HFD-fed hCNR1+/+ mice, but they retained insulin sensitivity comparable to normal chow-fed (NCD) hCNR1+/+ mice. Therefore, this study was undertaken to uncover how hCB1Rs impact the insulin signaling pathway. Male hCNR1-/- and hCNR1+/+ mice were fed with a high fat high sugar diet (HFSD: N = 8-12) for 15 weeks. In contrast with the previous study of HFD only, HFSD-fed hCNR1-/- mice had less body weight gain than HFSD-fed hCNR1+/+ mice (25.1±2.7 vs. 19.8±1.7g), less fat accumulation in the liver, 1.3-fold increase in glucose disposal and 1.7-fold increase in insulin sensitivity compared to HFSD-fed hCNR1+/+ mice. Further study demonstrated that the lack of hepatic CB1R resulted in upregulated phosphorylation in liver of protein kinase B (AKT), causing activation of downstream target molecules, such as proline-rich AKT substrate 40 (PRAS40) in the mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1). Similarly, primary hepatocytes isolated from hCNR1-/- mice had increased amounts of phosphorylated AKT and PRAS40 in comparison to hepatocytes from hCNR1+/+ mice. The co-immunoprecipitation studies clearly revealed hepatic CB1R modulates insulin signaling by the association or dissociation of the components of mTORC1. In support of these data, the deficiency of hepatic CB1R leads to upregulation of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) class IB, p110γ, resulting in increased association between p110γ and G-protein beta. These findings indicate that genetic deletion of hepatic CB1R contributes to improved glucose homeostasis. Therefore, modulation of CB1R activity in liver may be a useful therapeutic in obese and diabetic individuals. Disclosure Y. Kim: None. J.M. Egan: None.
MALTED: A rocket/radar study of dynamics and turbulence in the equatorial mesopause region (1995)

The mesospheric and lower thermospheric equatorial dynamics program (MALTED), conducted from the Alcantara, Brazil rocket site as part of the international Guara rocket campaign to study equatorial dynamics, irregularities, and instabilities, is reported. The MALTED program was concerned with the 16-day modulation of the diurnal tidal amplitude, which shows high extremes during August in the equatorial belt. The interaction of this global phenomenon with locally produced gravity waves and turbulence in the mesopause region is studied in order to gain a better understanding of the dynamic influences on the equatorial middle atmosphere. Four identical payloads designed to investigate small-scale turbulence and irregularities, were coordinated with 20 falling sphere rockets designed to measure meteorological parameters. The prediction and monitoring of global mesospheric effects were obtained through coordination with various ground-based radar observatories. The campaign logistics, the instrumentation, and the preliminary results are described.
Ethnic differences in the association of fat and lean mass with bone mineral density in the Singapore population (2012)

DOAJ is a unique and extensive index of diverse open access journals from around the world, driven by a growing community, committed to ensuring quality content is freely available online for everyone.
Studies on Reactivity of Furyl-Phosphonyl-Carbinols. An Effective One-Step Synthesis of 2-Methylphosphonyl-5-Alkoxymethyl-Furans (1985)

Abstract A simple ‘one pot’preparation of the novel 2,5-disubstituted furans 3a-e directly from carbinol 1, is described.
The involvement of oncogenes and suppressor genes in human neoplasia. (1987)

It is clear that there are at least two classes of cancer-related genes. The more characterized of these are the oncogenes, whose activation appears to play a major role in human neoplasia. There are now two families of oncogenes, the myc and ras families, whose cooperation seems capable of transforming normal cells in culture to tumorigenic cells. As such, they appear to form complementation groups with immortalizing and transforming properties, respectively. Moreover, the oncogenes can be subclassified as tyrosine kinases or kinase related, GTP binding proteins, growth factors or growth factor receptors or nuclear proteins. More than 20 viral oncogenes have been identified, for which more than 30 proto-oncogenes or pseudogenes exist in the human genome. Many of these have been cloned, characterized to some extent, and mapped to particular chromosomes or regions of chromosomes. Further, more than 20 additional putative oncogenes or transforming genes have been identified by tumor DNA transfection studies or at sites of integration or translocation for which no viral transforming gene cognates exist. Oncogenes can be activated by increased or unregulated expression, increased copy number (duplication, amplification), or somatic mutation resulting in a protein with increased oncogenic potential. Examples of all of these mechanisms can be found in several specific human cancers or leukemias. The cytogenetic correlate of enhanced expression is a translocation between two chromosomes at specific breakpoints with no net loss of genetic material (e.g., increased c-myc expression resulting from the 8;14 translocation in Burkitt's lymphoma). The phenomenon of increased gene copy number can sometimes be visualized as trisomy or tetrasomy for a particular chromosome but more dramatically as the development of extrachromosomal DMs or as chromosomally integrated HSRs (e.g., the N-myc gene amplification seen in neuroblastoma). Finally, certain somatic mutations can be associated with translocations (e.g., the bcr/abl fusion product created as a result of the 9;22 translocation in chronic myelogenous leukemia), but they are more commonly submicroscopic (as characterized by point mutations in the ras gene family). Evidence is accumulating for a second class of cancer-related genes whose absence or inactivation is associated with tumorigenesis. These genes are associated at the cytogenetic level with chromosomal deletions, in which the breakpoints may be variable, but specific, common regions are consistently deleted.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
MicroRNA‐374b induces endothelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition and early lesion formation through the inhibition of MAPK7 signaling (2018)

Endothelial-mesenchymal transition occurs during intimal hyperplasia and neointima formation via mechanisms that are incompletely understood. Endothelial MAPK7 signaling is a key mechanosensitive factor that protects against endothelial-mesenchymal transition, but its signaling activity is lost in vessel areas that are undergoing pathological remodeling. At sites of vascular remodeling in mice and pigs, endothelial MAPK7 signaling was lost. The TGFβ-induced microRNA-374b targets MAPK7 and its downstream effectors in endothelial cells, and its expression induces endothelial-mesenchymal transition. Gain-of-function experiments, where endothelial MAPK7 signaling was restored, precluded endothelial-mesenchymal transition. In human coronary artery disease, disease severity is associated with decreased MAPK7 expression levels and increased miR-374b expression levels. Endothelial-mesenchymal transition occurs in intimal hyperplasia and early lesion formation and is governed in part by microRNA-374b-induced silencing of MAPK7 signaling. Restoration of MAPK7 signaling abrogated these pathological effects in endothelial cells expressing miR-374b. Thus, our data suggest that the TGFβ-miR-374b-MAPK7 axis plays a key role in the induction of endothelial-mesenchymal transition during intimal hyperplasia and early lesion formation and might pose an interesting target for antiatherosclerosis therapy. © 2018 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
A Sensitive and Specific DNA Probe to Identify Enteroaggregative Escherichia coli, a Recently Discovered Diarrheal Pathogen (1990)

The epidemiologic significance of enteroaggregative Escherichia coli (EAggEC) as a diarrheal pathogen has only recently come under study. Although EAggEC has been associated with persistent diarrhea in infants in some developing countries, additional studies are clearly needed. Until now, the only means of identifying EAggEC strains has been the cumbersome HEp-2 cell adhesion assay. The isolation and cloning of a 1-kilobase fragment from the plasmid of EAggEC strain 17-2 is described. This probe is 89% sensitive and 99% specific for EAggEC identification. Thus, this probe should greatly facilitate epidemiologic studies assessing the importance of EAggEC as a diarrheal pathogen.