gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Inflammatory bowel disease: beyond the boundaries of the bowel (2011)

Dysregulated inflammation in the gut, designated clinically as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), is manifested by the prototypic phenotypes of an Arthus-like reaction restricted to the mucosa of the colon, as in ulcerative colitis, or a transmural granulomatous reaction, as in Crohn's disease, or an indeterminate form of the two polar types. That the inflammation of IBD can trespass the boundaries of the bowel has long been known, with articular, ophthalmologic, cutaneous, hepatobiliary or other complications/associations - some autoimmune and others not - affecting significant numbers of patients with IBD. Also notable is the frequency of diagnosis of IBD-type diseases on a background of systemic, (mostly myelo-hematological) disorders, associated with alterations of either (or both) innate or adaptive arms of the immune response. Finally, cases of IBD are reported to occur as an adverse effect of TNF inhibitors. Bone marrow transplant has been proven to be the only curative measure for some of the above cases. Thus, in effect, the IBDs should now be regarded as a systemic, rather than bowel-localized, disease. Genome-wide association studies have been informative in consolidating the view of three phenotypes of IBD (ulcerative colitis, Crohn's disease and mixed) and, notably, are revealing that the onset of IBD can be linked to polymorphisms in regulatory miRNAs, or to nucleotide sequences coding for regulatory lymphokines and/or their receptors. At the effector level, we emphasize the major role of the Th17/IL-23 axis in dictating the perpetuation of intestinal inflammation, augmented by a failure of physiological control by regulatory T-cells. In conclusion, there is a central genesis of the defects underlying IBD, which therefore, in our opinion, is best accommodated by the concept of IBD as more of a syndrome than an autonomous disease. This altered mindset should upgrade our knowledge of IBD, influence its medical care and provide a platform for further advances.
Chlorogenic Acid Decreases Lipid Accumulation in 3T3-L1 Adipocytes by Modulating the Transcription Factors (2020)

The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of chlorogenic acid (CA) on 3T3-L1 adipocytes and its mechanism action. CA at 1-25 Î¼M showed no cytotoxicity to 3T3-L1 pre-adipocytes and 3T3-L1 adipocytes. CA significantly inhibited oil red O-stained material (OROSM) and intracellular triglyceride levels in 3T3-L1 adipocytes in a concentration-dependent manner. In addition, CA down-regulated the glycerol-3âphosphate dehydrogenase (GPDH) and peroxisome proliferatorâactivated receptor Î³ (PPARÎ³) activity. A real-time polymerase chain reaction revealed that CA inhibited the PPARÎ³, CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein alpha (C/EBPÎ±), sterol regulatory element binding protein-1c (SREBP-1c), and fatty acid synthase (FAS) gene expression, which may in part account for anti-adipogenesis of CA. Thus, CA could act as a potential lipid lowering functional resource.
Use of HL-60 Cell Line To Measure Opsonic Capacity of Pneumococcal Antibodies (2005)

Here, we review the experiences of the pneumococcal vaccine community in the adoption of cell lines for bioassays. We have drawn upon successes and failures in the development of in vitro functional assays reported by the international vaccine community, descriptions of the cell line by its
Wastewater treatment using a hybrid process coupling adsorptionon marl and microfiltration (2020)

International audience
Development of a Radiofrequency Plasma Diagnostic System with a Langmuir Probe and Study of a Capacitively Coupled Argon Plasma (2011)

A single rf-compensated cylindrical Langmuir probe has been developed in order to characterise a plasma RF discharge. A circuit using radiofrequency filtering and the passive compensation method was employed to minimize the probe curve distortions. The effect of the rfcompensation on the probe measurements was discussed. The latter were performed at power and pressure of 50 W and 510-2–1.2 mbar, respectively. Compensated measurements of the electron energy distribution function (EEDF) and plasma parameters were conducted at powers ranging from 5 to 120 W and pressure of 0.3 mbar. They exhibit a transition between the stochastic electron heating mode operating at low powers and the secondary-electron emission heating mode (γ) operating at high powers. The electronic density increases from 1.5×109 to 3.2×1010 cm-3 while the effective electron temperature decreases from 3.7 to 2.3 eV. The EEDFs were found to be Druyvesteyn-like in the range of 5–80W and then evolve to the Maxwellian beyond 90W.
<title>Laser micromachining of transparent fused silica with 1-ps pulses and pulse trains</title> (1999)

Ablation rates and etched-surface morphology of fused silica has been studied with 1-ps Nd:glass laser pulses in a regime of near-diffraction-limited spot size. Shallow holes of 1.7- micrometers diameter were too small for the formation of laser- induced periodic-surface structures. Atomic-force and scanning-electron microscopy showed that reproducible etch depth and moderately smooth surfaces are attainable for low fluences of 5.5 - 45 J/cm<SUP>2</SUP>--the `gentle' ablation regime. Etch depth progressed linearly with the number of laser pulses until the onset of surface swelling and shock- induced microcracks after a critical number N<SUB>c</SUB> of laser pulses, scaling as N<SUB>c</SUB> equals 1.7 + 80/F (fluence F in J/cm<SUP>2</SUP>). Below this limit--for accumulated etch depths less than approximately 2 micrometers --3D surface structuring with sub-micron precision is possible with picosecond-laser pulses. In the strong ablation regime (F &gt; 45 J/cm<SUP>2</SUP>), surface morphology was poor and microcracking developed within 2 - 4 pulses. These shock-induced microcracking effects were eliminated when a mode-locked train of approximately 400 identical 1-ps pulses, each separated by 7.5 ns, was applied. Very smooth and deep (approximately 30- micrometers ) holes of 7 - 10-micrometers diameter were excised at a total fluence of approximately 100 kJ/cm<SUP>2</SUP>, establishing a new means for rapid and precise micromachining of fused silica and other brittle materials.
Basilar-membrane responses to multicomponent (Schroeder-phase) signals: Understanding intensity effects (2003)

Harmonic complexes comprised of the same spectral components in either positive-Schroeder (+Schr) or negative-Schroeder (-Schr) phase [see Schroeder, IEEE Trans. Inf. Theory 16, 85-89 (1970)] have identical long-term spectra and similar waveform envelopes. However, localized patterns of basilar-membrane (BM) excitation can be quite different in response to these two stimuli. Measurements in chinchillas showed more modulated (peakier) BM excitation for +Schr than -Schr complexes [Recio and Rhode, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 108, 2281-2298 (2000)]. In the current study, laser velocimetry was used to examine BM responses at a location tuned to approximately 17 kHz in the basal turn of the guinea-pig cochlea, for +Schr and -Schr complexes with a 203-Hz fundamental frequency and including 101 equal-amplitude components from 2031 to 22,344 Hz. At 35-dB SPL, +Schr response waveforms showed greater amplitude modulation than -Schr responses. With increasing stimulation level, internal modulation decreased for both complexes. To understand the observed phenomena quantitatively, responses were predicted on the basis of a linearized model of the cochlea. Prediction was based on an "indirect impulse response" measured in the same animal. Response waveforms for Schroeder-phase signals were accurately predicted, provided that the level of the indirect impulse used in prediction closely matched the level of the Schroeder-phase stimulus. This result confirms that the underlying model, which originally was developed for noise stimuli, is valid for stimuli that produce completely different response waveforms. Moreover, it justifies explanation of cochlear filtering (i.e., differential treatment of different frequencies) in terms of a linear system.
An analytical approximation of depth - dose distributions for therapeutic proton beams (1996)

A simple analytical approximation for the proximal part of the depth-dose distribution of a spread-out-Bragg-peak (SOBP) proton beam is derived. The basic assumption made is that the range-energy relationship follows a power law. The analytical formula depends only on the ratio of the distance from the proximal edge of the SOBP and the width of the SOBP. A comparison with measurements and with exact numerical calculations reveals a maximum deviation of 5% and a typical deviation of less than 2% of the target dose. The model comprises an analytical expression for the weighting of individual Bragg peaks as a function of the range, which is necessary to obtain an SOBP of the desired width and depth. Finally, an analytical expression for the total energy released in normal tissue is found by integrating the depth-dose distribution.
Dynamic range and asymmetry of the auditory filter (1984)

This experiment was designed to measure the shape and asymmetry of the auditory filter over a wider dynamic range than has been measured previously. Thresholds were measured for 2-kHz sinusoidal signals in the presence of two 800-Hz-wide noise bands, one above and one below the signal frequency. The spectrum level of the noise was 45 dB (re: 20 muPa), and the noise bands were placed both symmetrically and asymmetrically about the signal frequency. The deviation of the signal frequency from the nearer edge of each noise band varied from 0 to 0.8 times the signal frequency. Each ear of six subjects was tested, and the subjects' ages ranged from 22 to 74 years. The auditory filters derived from the data were somewhat asymmetric, with steeper slopes on the high-frequency side; the degree of asymmetry varied across subjects. The asymmetry could be characterized as a uniform stretching of the (linear) frequency scale on one side of the filter. The dynamic range of the auditory filter exceeded 60 dB in the younger listeners, but the dynamic range and sharpness of the filter tended to decrease with increasing age.
Analysis of video sequences for content description. Table of contents & index creation and scene classification (2003)

En esta investigaicon herramientas de procesado de imagen y video que permiten la generacion automatica de descripciones multimedia. En particular, se propone la descripcion de una secuencia de video mediante una Tabla de Contenido (ToC) y un Indice, como extension de las estructuras del mismo nombre comunmente empleadas en la descripcion de los documentos de texto. La Tabla de Contenido y el Indice proporcionan una descripcion jerarquica del contenido que contienen tanto informaicon estructural como informacion semantica. En el proceso de creacion de estas descripciones se investigan problemas como la descomposicion jerarquica de una secuencia de video, la caracterizacion semantica de sus segmentos y la visualizacion y edicion de la descripcion resultante. La presente de descripciones multimedia se hace necesaria para la busqueda, filtrado y manipulacion de la informacion audiovisual. El empleo de descripciones de los documentos multimedia estaba hasta ahora limitado a profesionales expertos, por ejemplo documentalistas en las videotecas de los estudios de produccion de los radiodifusores. En la actualidad, el desarrollo de los estandares MPEG-7 y MPEG-21 y la extension del uso de contenidos multimedia digitales a traves de Internet y en el entorno del usuario domestico ha generado una necesidad cada vez mayor de la descripcion multimedia del contenido audiovisual y de la automatizacion en la generacion de dicha descripcion. En esta tesis se propone una estrategia para la creacion de la descripcion de la secuencia de video en cuatro etapas diferenciadas: 1,- Descomposicion temporal de la secuencia de video. 2,- Creacion de la estructura jerarquica que representa la Tabla de Contenido (ToC). 3,- Generacion automatica de informacion semantica para complementar la estructura definidad en la Tabla de Contenido. 4,- Edicion manual de las descripciones resultantes para la incorporaci
Serotonin dysregulation in Fragile X Syndrome: implications for treatment (2014)

Fragile X Syndrome (FXS) is a trinucleotide repeat disorder that results in the silencing of the Fragile X Mental Retardation 1 gene (FMR1), leading to a lack of the FMR1 protein (FMRP). FMRP is an mRNA-binding protein that regulates the translation of hundreds of mRNAs important for synaptic plasticity. Several of these pathways have been identified and have guided the development of targeted treatments for FXS. Here we present evidence that serotonin is dysregulated in FXS and treatment with the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) sertraline may be beneficial for individuals with FXS, particularly in early childhood.
Robust dense visual odometry for RGB-D cameras in a dynamic environment (2015)

The aim of our work is to estimate the camera motion from RGB-D images in a dynamic scene. Most of the existing methods have a poor localization performance in such environments, which makes them inapplicable in real world conditions. In this paper, we propose a new dense visual odometry method that uses RANSAC to cope with dynamic scenes. We show the efficiency and robustness of the proposed method on a large set of experiments in challenging situations and from publicly available benchmark dataset. Additionally, we compare our approach to another state-of-art method based on M-estimator that is used to deal with dynamic scenes. Our method gives similar results on benchmark sequences and better results on our own dataset.
A Large Scale Video Surveillance System with Heterogeneous Information Fusion and Visualization for Wide Area Monitoring (2012)

Wide area monitoring for community and city can be a very challenging engineering task due to its scale and heterogeneity in sensor, algorithm, and visualization levels. Multi-modal cameras and algorithms have to be fused into compact presentation for a single operator to actively and effectively respond to anomaly events and jeopardy. This paper presents a distributed and scalable video surveillance system, subcontracted by intelligent surveillance components (ISCs) and visualization surveillance components (VSCs) in compliance with functional labors. The ISCs are high-level algorithms applying computer vision for behavioral analysis of human and vehicles. The VSCs constitute a multi-tier subsystem to visualize fused results of messages, key frames, streaming videos and geographic context information. The system helps the operator to focus attention on interested events gathered from distrusted ISCs and presented by VSCs on map and three-dimensional homographic views. Robustness and effectiveness of the system has been demonstrated by a test run of real scenarios deployed in a campus.
Human Brown Adipose Tissue Depots Automatically Segmented by Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography and Registered Magnetic Resonance Images (2015)

Reliably differentiating brown adipose tissue (BAT) from other tissues using a non-invasive imaging method is an important step toward studying BAT in humans. Detecting BAT is typically confirmed by the uptake of the injected radioactive tracer 18F-Fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) into adipose tissue depots, as measured by positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET-CT) scans after exposing the subject to cold stimulus. Fat-water separated magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has the ability to distinguish BAT without the use of a radioactive tracer. To date, MRI of BAT in adult humans has not been co-registered with cold-activated PET-CT. Therefore, this protocol uses 18F-FDG PET-CT scans to automatically generate a BAT mask, which is then applied to co-registered MRI scans of the same subject. This approach enables measurement of quantitative MRI properties of BAT without manual segmentation. BAT masks are created from two PET-CT scans: after exposure for 2 hr to either thermoneutral (TN) (24 °C) or cold-activated (CA) (17 °C) conditions. The TN and CA PET-CT scans are registered, and the PET standardized uptake and CT Hounsfield values are used to create a mask containing only BAT. CA and TN MRI scans are also acquired on the same subject and registered to the PET-CT scans in order to establish quantitative MRI properties within the automatically defined BAT mask. An advantage of this approach is that the segmentation is completely automated and is based on widely accepted methods for identification of activated BAT (PET-CT). The quantitative MRI properties of BAT established using this protocol can serve as the basis for an MRI-only BAT examination that avoids the radiation associated with PET-CT.
Absolute Contrast Enhancement (1965)

The basic idea of photographic masking is discussed, and two new methods for producing such masks are described. The conditions necessary to justify application of modulation transfer theory to the process are specified, and the theory is applied to demonstrate that it is possible to obtain a modulation transfer function greater than unity for a band of spatial frequencies. Experimental verification is described.
Leaky lens antenna for multi-beam imaging systems (2007)

This paper proposes a novel imaging architecture suited for use in the mm and the sub-mm wave regimes. The structure is composed by a one dimensional array of radiators in order to enhance the image acquisition time with respect to single element detection. Moreover each of the antenna elements composing the array is characterized by a relatively broad band which opens the possibility for the array to be used over multiple frequencies or over a single wide band. Each of the radiators is a Leaky wave slot and all of them radiate in the presence of a unique dielectric lens. A prototype of the array has been designed to operate at relatively low frequencies (21-26 GHz). It has then been manufactured and measured. The performances are promising and provide a hard proof of concept of the feasibility and the advantages of the proposed array architecture.
Gasper: GrAph Signal ProcEssing in R (2020)

We present a short tutorial on to the use of the R gasper package. Gasper is a package dedicated to signal processing on graphs. It also provides an interface to the SuiteSparse Matrix Collection.
Effect of acidity and texture of micro-, mesoporous and hybrid micromesoporous materials on the synthesis of paramenthanic diol exhibiting anti-Parkinson activity (2015)

Microporous, mesoporous and new hybrid materials were studied in verbenol oxide isomerization for the synthesis of biologically active substance with anti-Parkinson activity. H-Si-MCM-41, H-Al-MCM-41, H-Al-MCM-48, H-Beta-25 and H-Beta-300 were compared with hybrid materials. The latter with a zeolite-like micro-mesoporous structure were characterized and evaluated for their catalytic activity for the first time. The approach of dual templating for synthesis of new materials was applied in this work to combine properties of Beta-zeolites and mesoporous cellular foams. The selectivity to the target product was the highest over microporous mild acidic H-Beta-300 and hybrid ZF-100, with also mild acidity and even absence of strong acid sites. Selectivity at 97% and 99% of conversion was 61% and 59% for H-Beta-300 and hybrid ZF-100, respectively.
Ultrastructural Localization of Cations in the Rat Pars distalis under Various Experimental Conditions (1978)

Modifications of the pyroantimonate technique were used to localize intracellular sites of bound cations in the pars distalis of normal and hypothyroid rats and in rats with increased levels of plasma calcium. In the normal animal, cations were localized within most intracellular organelles and sometimes on the membranes involved in exocytosis. The amount of bound cations within pituitary intracellular organelles was considerably augmented in rats injected intravenously with calcium chloride. However, in the thyroidectomy cells of hypothyroid rats, the amount of cation precipitate appeared to be selectively increased in the dilated rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER). The calcium chelator, EGTA, and X-ray microprobe analysis revealed the presence of calcium in cation deposits.
Influence of Experimental Conditions on the Ratio of 25-Hydroxyvitamin D3 Conformers for Validating a Liquid Chromatography/Ion Mobility-Mass Spectrometry Method for Routine Quantitation (2018)

The utility of adding ion mobility (IM) to liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS) for quantitation of 25-hydroxyvitamin D<sub>3</sub> (25OHD3) is evaluated. Sodiated 25OHD3 ions adopt both closed and open conformations, whereas the stereoisomer 3-epi-25-hydroxyvitamin D (epi25OHD), when sodiated, adopts only a closed gas-phase conformation. The unique open conformation for sodiated 25OHD3 permits unambiguous quantitation. Nonetheless, the ratio of open versus closed gas-phase conformations for sodiated 25OHD3 can vary with instrumental conditions; conversion from the open to the closed conformer is attributed to radio frequency (rf) heating within the ion accumulation trap. Ion heating becomes significant when space charge in the trap forces ions to larger radii where the rf field is higher. To avoid biasing quantitation, an isotopically labeled internal standard must be used to account for changes in conformer ratio. Thirty-three serum extract samples were evaluated by LC/IM-MS and were found to not be biased by changes in ion conformer ratios, permitting reliable quantitation of 25OHD3 without interference from the epimer.
Release of CXC-chemokines by human lung microvascular endothelial cells (LMVEC) compared with macrovascular umbilical vein endothelial cells (1999)

In the present study, the sensitivity of LMVEC and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and the proinflammatory cytokines IL-1, tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) was compared. To this end, the production of the CC- (MCP-1), CXC- (IL-8, ENA-78, Groalpha, NAP-2, GCP-2) and CX3C (fractalkine) chemokines was studied. A low basal production of these chemokines was observed in both cell types. TNF-alpha, IL-1 and LPS up-regulated all chemokines tested. IFN-gamma however was only able to up-regulate MCP-1 production. LMVEC were more sensitive to IL-1 and LPS compared with HUVEC, since LMVEC produced significantly more MCP-1, ENA-78 and Groalpha (P < 0. 01) under these conditions. Maximal production of MCP-1 in LMVEC was achieved with TNF-alpha (28.4 ng/ml, P < 0.01), whereas IL-1 was the most potent stimulator of ENA-78 (2.78 ng/ml, P < 0.001) and Groalpha (29.2 ng/ml, P < 0.001). IL-8 production in LMVEC cells was maximal after LPS stimulation (28.4 ng/ml), but lower than on HUVEC (P < 0.01). LPS, TNF-alpha and IL-1 stimulation strongly up-regulated all chemokine mRNA. No quantitative differences in mRNA expression between LMVEC and HUVEC were detected for MCP-1 and Groalpha after LPS stimulation. mRNA expression of ENA-78, GCP-2, CX3C and NAP-2 was however higher in LMVEC under LPS stimulation. In contrast, IL-8 mRNA was slightly more expressed in HUVEC under these conditions. These results further support the hypothesis that the microvascular lung endothelium plays an active role in the induction and perpetuation of acute lung injury.