gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Reconfigurable optical add-drop multiplexer based on silicon nano-wire waveguides (2005)

A reconfigurable optical add-drop multiplexer with Bragg-grating-reflectors based on silicon nanowire waveguides was demonstrated by tuning the dropping wavelength through thermo-optic effect. The channel passband and the channel isolation were 1-nm and 18-dB, respectively. (2 pages)
Hardware-Related problems of deep brain stimulation (2002)

Deep brain stimulation for the alleviation of movement disorders and pain is now an established therapy. However, very little has been published on the topic of hardware failure in the treatment of such conditions irrespective of clinical outcome. Such device-related problems lead to significant patient morbidity and increased cost of therapy in the form of prolonged antibiotics, in-patient hospitalization, repeat surgery, and device replacement. We report a prospective review of our experience at the Radcliffe Infirmary Oxford from the period of April 1998 to March 2001. Overall there is a 20% rate of hardware-related problems in this series, which falls between the 7% and 65% rates reported by other groups. The majority of these failures occurred early on in the series, and numbers declined with experience. Some of the problems may be idiosyncratic to the methodology of individual groups.
Stress measurements on multilevel thin film dielectric layers used in Si integrated circuits (1986)

Thin film induced stresses on silicon substrate were measured at room temperature, using a stress gauge wafer deflection setup. The thermal oxide was in high compressive stress due to CTE mismatch between oxide and Si substrate. As deposited PSG was in tensile stress decreasing in stress level with increasing P content. After densification, stress was reversed to the compressive mode with no significant reduction in stress for 8%–10% phosphorus content. As deposited poly-Si was in the high compressive mode. However, subsequent doping reduced the stress to one-half of ‘‘as deposited’’ level and after annealing at 1000 °C the stress was further reduced. Cold sputtered aluminum metallization doped with 1% Si was found in the compressive mode, while hot sputtered copper doped Al metallization was under tension. Both films annealed at 450 °C hydrogen ambient exhibit reduced compressive and tensile levels, respectively. The CVD P-glass passivation was under low compression while plasma nitride was in high compressive stress. Most of these observations confirm previous reports. However, referenced results are confirmed and additional measurements are performed using a relatively new detection gauge system.
The Tumescent Technique for Lipo-Suction Surgery (1987)

The tumescent technique of lipo-suction is a modification of the wet technique. A large volume of very dilute epinephrine is infiltrated into a targeted fat compartment prior to lipo-suction, producing a swelling and firmness. This tumescence of fat permits an increased accuracy in lipo-suction and minimizes postsurgical irregularities or rippling of the skin. Epinephrine-induced vasoconstriction minimizes blood loss, bruising, and postoperative soreness. Safe, rapid infiltration of large volumes of solution is achieved using a closed sterile system featuring a newly designed blunt-tipped, 30-cm-long, 4.7-mm-diameter needle having a hollow handle that accommodates a 60-cc syringe. Attached to a liter bottle of anesthetic solution by an intravenous line, the needle is inserted via the same incision and deposits the solution along the same path as that intended for the lipo-suction cannula. Thus, the solution is infiltrated exactly where it is needed for hemostasis or local anesthesia. Used in conjunction with general anesthesia, the tumescent technique saves time in achieving maximal vasoconstriction of the targeted fat compartment. If dilute lidocaine (0.1%) is added to the solution, the technique permits lipo-suction of more than 2 liters of fat totally by local anesthesia. Twenty-six patients, having received a mean lidocaine dose of 1250 mg (18.4 mg/kg or 8.5 mg/kg/hr) infiltrated into subcutaneous fat, had a mean serum lidocaine level of less than 0.36 μg/ml 1 hour after completion of the infiltration.
Qualitative Analysis of Interviews with Patients on Facilitators and Barriers to Reducing Chemotherapy for Early Stage Breast Cancer (2021)

Abstract Background As the combination of systemic and targeted chemotherapies is associated with severe adverse side effects and long-term health complications, there is interest in reducing treatment intensity for patients with early stage breast cancer (EBC). Clinical trials are needed to determine if it is feasible to reduce treatment intensity while maintaining 3-year recurrence-free survival of greater than 92%. In order to recruit patients for de-implementation trials, it is important to understand patient perspectives on barriers and facilitators to reducing treatment intensity. Methods We collected qualitative interview data from patients with Stage II-III breast cancer (N=24) and patient advocates (N=16). Interviews explored interest in de-implementation trial participation and identified potential barriers and facilitators to participation. 17 participants were asked about the potential impact of COVID-19 on de-implementation efforts. Interviews were audio-recorded and transcribed, and researchers used qualitative content analysis (NVIVO and Atlas.ti) to code for dominant themes. Results 17 participants (42.5%) expressed interest in participating in a trial of reduced chemotherapy. Barriers to reducing chemotherapy included (1) fear of recurrence and inefficacy, (2) preference for aggressive treatment, (3) disinterest in clinical trials, (4) lack of information about expected outcomes, (5) fear of regret, and (6) having young children. Facilitators included (1) avoiding physical toxicity, (2) understanding the scientific rationale of reducing chemotherapy, (3) confidence in providers, (4) consistent monitoring and the option to increase dosage, (5) fewer financial and logistical challenges, and (6) contributing to scientific knowledge. Of those asked, nearly all participants said they would be more motivated to reduce treatment intensity in the context of Covid-19, primarily in order to avoid exposure to the virus while receiving treatment. Conclusions We recommend framing de-implementation strategies and recruitment to trials in terms of customizing treatment to the individual patient and added benefit—reduced toxicities, higher quality of life during treatment and lower risk of long-term complications—rather than in terms of taking treatments away or doing less than the standard of care. Doctor-patient rapport and provider support will be crucial in this process.
1104 Flight Stability and Body Angle Control of a Micro Flapping Robot (2010)

Micro-Air-Vehicle (MAV) using insect and bird flight mechanisms have been researching all over the world in recent years since the micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) have been developed. Many researchers have developed MAV with various actuators and devices however their MAV have not been put to practical use yet. The purpose is clarifying the flight trajectory of micro flapping robot at different flapping frequencies. The micro flapping robot moves upward in high flapping frequency flight and moves downward in low flapping frequency flight. The flapping frequency of micro flapping robot on a flight is one of important parameter for the flight attitude control.
Solar-driven refrigeration systems with focus on the ejector cycle. Doctoral thesis. (2006)

The objective of this doctoral thesis is to establish a fundamental basis for further research and development within the field of solar cooling. It presents an overview of possible systems for solar powered refrigeration and air-conditioning systems. The concept of the ‘Solar Cooling Path’ is introduced, including a discussion of the energy source to the collector, and choice of cooling cycle to match cooling load. Brief information and comparisons of different refrigeration cycles are also presented. The performance of solar cooling systems is strongly dependent on local conditions. The performance of a solar drivan air-conditioning system in different locations will therefore be compared. A solar-driven ejector refrigeration system has been selected as the case study for a further detailed investigation.
Classifying environmental sounds using image recognition networks (2017)

Automatic classification of environmental sounds, such as dog barking and glass breaking, is becoming increasingly interesting, especially for mobile devices. Most mobile devices contain both cameras and microphones, and companies that develop mobile devices would like to provide functionality for classifying both videos/images and sounds. In order to reduce the development costs one would like to use the same technology for both of these classification tasks. One way of achieving this is to represent environmental sounds as images, and use an image classification neural network when classifying images as well as sounds. In this paper we consider the classification accuracy for different image representations (Spectrogram, MFCC, and CRP) of environmental sounds. We evaluate the accuracy for environmental sounds in three publicly available datasets, using two well-known convolutional deep neural networks for image recognition (AlexNet and GoogLeNet). Our experiments show that we obtain good classification accuracy for the three datasets.
<title>Classification of document page images based on visual similarity of layout structures</title> (1999)

Searching for documents by their type or genre is a natural way to enhance the effectiveness of document retrieval. The layout of a document contains a significant amount of information that can be used to classify a document's type in the absence of domain specific models. A document type or genre can be defined by the user based primarily on layout structure. Our classification approach is based on 'visual similarity' of the layout structure by building a supervised classifier, given examples of the class. We use image features, such as the percentages of tex and non-text (graphics, image, table, and ruling) content regions, column structures, variations in the point size of fonts, the density of content area, and various statistics on features of connected components which can be derived from class samples without class knowledge. In order to obtain class labels for training samples, we conducted a user relevance test where subjects ranked UW-I document images with respect to the 12 representative images. We implemented our classification scheme using the OC1, a decision tree classifier, and report our findings.
幽門桿菌烷基-過氧化物還原酶：氧壓力環境下的蛋白質體分析及其功能的研究 (2006)

Helicobacter pylori (Hp) is a spiral, slow growing gram-negative microaerophilic bacterium. Many studies have documented Hp is the etiological agent of gastro-duodenal diseases, such as chronic gastritis, gastric and duodenal ulcers, and gastric cancer. Furthermore, World Health Organization (WHO) has classified Hp as a class 1 carcinogen. The colonization of Hp in human stomach can induce inflammatory and immune reaction to release reactive oxygen species (ROS). Such responses appear to play a pivotal role in the survival of Hp and pathogenesis of Hp-related diseases. Therefore, this study is aimed to elucidate the influence of oxidative stress on H. pylori and characterize its underlying mechanisms and protein-expression profiles. By proteomic approaches, we have identified more than 10 proteins. Among these, AhpC and UreE are greatly reduced under long-term oxidative stress. Moreover, the sequence-homology comparison showed that the alkylhydroperoxide reductase (AhpC), an abundant antioxidant protein in Hp, is more homologous to mammalian peroxiredoxins than to eubacterial AhpC. We further demonstrated that this protein can switch its structure and function from low-molecular-weight (LMW) dimer or oligomers with peroxide reductase activity under normal microaerobic conditions or short-term ( 16 h) oxidative stress (20% O2) in the presence of thioredoxin (Trx). As regards the structural and functional properties of AhpC under oxidative stress, we found that AhpC isolated from the gastric-cancerous strains possesses higher protein stability and chaperone activity than that from the duodenal-ulcerous strains under stress conditions. The expression of AhpC in different strains of H. pylori generally decreases under long-term oxidative stress as revealed by 2D-PAGE and RT-PCR. AhpC expression under short-term shock actually increases, being localized in the interior of H. pylori from strains isolated from patients of gastric cancer in contrast to its distribution on the cell surface of the microorganism from strains isolated from patients of duodenal ulcer. Based on the significant difference between AhpC isolated from strains of gastric cancer and duodenal ulcer, we have applied ELISA and Western blotting to study the cross-reactivity of AhpC to antisera of H. pylori-infected patients with different pathological outcomes. The immunoassay revealed that antisera from tissues of patients with more extensive inflammation like that in patients of gastric ulcer or cancer react strongly with the HMW complexes of AhpC, whereas those from less extensive inflammation like patients of gastritis react weakly with the LMW oligomeric form of AhpC. Therefore it is conceivable that the antioxidant protein AhpC of H. pylori may prove to be useful as a diagnostic protein marker to monitor extents of tissue damages from patients of gastro-duodenal diseases infected by H. pylori.
Serological comparison of two collections of Vibrio cholerae non O1 (1982)

Two large, independently obtained collections of vibrio cholerae non O1, containing 59 and 67 reference strains, respectively, were compared serologically in four laboratories. Twenty strains in each collection were considered identical, and an additional 16 strains in each collection were probably identical. Twenty-eight unique strains were identified, and inconclusive results were obtained with 25 strains. Nine strains were not considered V. cholerae in at least one testing laboratory. Of these, five showed insufficient correspondence to V. cholerae O1 by DNA hybridization to be considered V. cholerae.
Measurement of electrical activity of the human small intestine using surface electrodes (1992)

Electrical activity of the human small intestine is usually measured by implanted or intraluminal electrodes. The application of these invasive techniques is, however, very limited. In this paper, a noninvasive technique is introduced to measure electrical activity of the small intestine by placing electrodes on the abdominal skin over the small intestine. Surface recordings were obtained in 10 healthy volunteers, 3 patients with total gastrectomy and 5 gastroparetic patients with implanted electrodes on the serosa of the duodenum. An omni-present 9–12 cpm electrical activity was observed in all surface recordings. Our findings from the surface electrodes were consistent with those reported in the literature via implanted or incubated electrodes. It is concluded that the technique described in this paper provides a noninvasive way to measure electrical activity of the small intestine. It may have potential application in medical research and clinical diagnosis.
Spatiotemporal analysis of high-performance military aircraft noise during ground run-up (2017)

Recent measurements of high-performance military aircraft noise have revealed that full-scale jet noise has features and structures that are still only partly understood, such as the presence of multiple acoustic radiation lobes in the aft direction at certain frequencies. Spatiotemporal analyses of a ground-based microphone array measurement of the noise from a tethered F-35 at various engine conditions are used to investigate these features of the sound field. The ground array covered an angular aperture of 35–152 degrees relative to the front of the aircraft. The large angular aperture allows for a detailed investigation of the correlation and coherence at frequencies exhibiting multi-lobe behavior. This spatiotemporal analysis yields further evidence of the characteristics of multi-lobe behavior in high-performance, full-scale jet noise. [Work supported by an Office of Naval Research grant, a USAFRL SBIR, and the F-35 JPO. Distribution A: Approved for public release; distribution unlimited. Cleared 07/10/2017; JSF17-714.]
Curvature of the Probability Weighting Function (1996)

When individuals choose among risky alternatives, the psychological weight attached to an outcome may not correspond to the probability of that outcome. In rank-dependent utility theories, including prospect theory, the probability weighting function permits probabilities to be weighted nonlinearly. Previous empirical studies of the weighting function have suggested an inverse S-shaped function, first concave and then convex. However, these studies suffer from a methodological shortcoming: estimation procedures have required assumptions about the functional form of the value and/or weighting functions. We propose two preference conditions that are necessary and sufficient for concavity and convexity of the weighting function. Empirical tests of these conditions are independent of the form of the value function. We test these conditions using preference “ladders” (a series of questions that differ only by a common consequence). The concavity-convexity ladders validate previous findings of an S-shaped weighting function, concave up to p &lt; 0.40, and convex beyond that probability. The tests also show significant nonlinearity away from the boundaries, 0 and 1. Finally, we fit the ladder data with weighting functions proposed by Tversky and Kahneman (Tversky, Amos, Daniel Kahneman. 1992. Advances in prospect theory: Cumulative representation of uncertainty. J. Risk and Uncertainty 5 297–323.) and Prelec (Prelec, Dražen. 1995. The probability weighting function. Unpublished paper.).
<title>Piezoelectrically actuated miniature peristaltic pump</title> (2000)

Increasingly NASA experiments, instruments and applications are requiring pumps that are miniature and consume low power. To address this need, a piezoelectrically actuated pump is being developed. This pump employs a novel volume displacing mechanism using flexural traveling waves that act peristaltically eliminating the need for values or physically moving parts. Finite element model was developed using ANSYS to predict the resonance frequency of the vibrating mode for the piezo pump driving stator. The model also allows determining simultaneously the mode shapes that are associated with the various resonance frequencies. This capability is essential for designing the pump size and geometry. To predict and optimize the pump efficiency, which is determined by the volume of pumping chambers, the model was modified to perform harmonic analysis. Current capability allows the determination of the effect of such design parameters as pump geometry, construction materials and operating modes on the volume of the chambers that is available between the peaks and valleys of the waves. Experiments were conducted using a breadboard of the piezo pump and showed water-pumping rate of about 3.0 cc/min. The performance of pump is continuing to be modified to enhance the performance and efficiency.
Impairment of Regulatory T-Cell Function in Autoimmune Thyroid Disease (2013)

Tregs from AITD patients are partly dysfunctional, possibly explaining their autoimmunity. Future work will elucidate the diagnostic potential and pathophysiology of Tregs in AITD.
Microsoft Exchange Server for Windows 2000: Planning, Design and Implementation (2000)

Searching for Platinum Designing a Windows 2000 Infrastructure for Exchange 2000 Deploying Exchange 2000 The Zen of the Store Store Maintenance Sending Messages--Routing and Transport Exchange, Hardware, Clusters and More Managing Users Contemplating the Wide Selection of Clients Secure Messaging Extending Exchange 2000 Extending to New Horizons Monitoring Exchange 2000 The Final Steps--Getting Ready for Deployment Appendixes: TCP/IP Ports Used by Exchange Exchange Configuration Data Message Tracking Log Event Identifiers Web Sites Charting the Builds Interesting Registry Changes Glossary
Technology evolution of the TROPOMI instrument (2012)

TROPOMI is the sun backscatter trace gas instrument on ESA's Sentinel-5 precursor satellite. TROPOMI builds upon a rich heritage from similar instruments, the main ones being SCIAMACHY on ESA's ENVISAT and OMI on NASA's AURA satellite. This paper explains how the technology from the heritage instruments evolved, considering high level design aspects such as geometry for Earth and sun viewing, polarization treatment, spectral calibration and whisk- or push-broom concept and leading to the TROPOMI concept.
MK2 drives progression of pancreas and colon cancers by suppressing CD8+ T cell cytotoxic function and is a potential immunotherapy target (2023)

Overall, we documented that MK2 drives the progression of gastrointestinal cancers and prevents immune response generated by CD8<sup>+</sup> T cells suggesting potential implications of MK2 in the immunotherapy of gastrointestinal cancers.
Understanding semantic change of words over centuries (2011)

In this paper, we propose to model and analyze changes that occur to an entity in terms of changes in the words that co-occur with the entity over time. We propose to do an in-depth analysis of how this co-occurrence changes over time, how the change influences the state (semantic, role) of the entity, and how the change may correspond to events occurring in the same period of time. We propose to identify clusters of topics surrounding the entity over time using Topics-Over-Time (TOT) and k-means clustering. We conduct this analysis on Google Books Ngram dataset. We show how clustering words that co-occur with an entity of interest in 5-grams can shed some lights to the nature of change that occurs to the entity and identify the period for which the change occurs. We find that the period identified by our model precisely coincides with events in the same period that correspond to the change that occurs.
Supplementary material to "Semivolatile POA and parameterized total combustion SOA in CMAQv5.2: impacts on source strength and partitioning" (2017)

The theory of Donahue et al. (2012) was used both to determine the properties of the SVOC compounds used in this study and to populate the SVOC aging mechanism.
Genes Responsible for Size Reduction of Marine Vibrios during Starvation Are Located on the Chromosome (1990)

In a survey of 21 marine Vibrio spp., all responded to nutrient deprivation by undergoing a reduction in size (dwarfing). However, only 43% of these strains possessed one or more plasmids, suggesting that the genes responsible for dwarfing were located on the chromosome rather than on the plasmids. This conclusion was confirmed by the observation that fragmentation and subsequent size reduction occurred in three strains from which the plasmids had been removed by curing. The cured strains lost certain characteristics, such as resistance to some heavy metals and antibiotics, that were restored when the plasmids were reintroduced by either transformation or electroporation.