gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Novel instrumentation in electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and a full description of an electrochemical system (2006)

Abstract The evolution of impedance measurement methods into the current state of the art is reviewed briefly, and recent efforts to develop new instruments to make electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) measurements faster and more accurate are described. The most recent approach for impedance measurement uses a multichannel detection technique, which is analogous to a spectroscopic measurement such as in Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. This method, which is capable of making impedance measurements in real time during an electrochemical experiment, allows us to come up with a new integrated equation that makes a full description of an electrochemical system possible.
Temperature-sensitive mutants of influenza WSN virus defective in virus-specific RNA synthesis (1975)

Influenza WSN virus temperature-sensitive (ts) mutants were examined for defects in viral complementary RNA (cRNA) synthesis. The synthesis of viral cRNA was determined by hybridizing RNA from infected cells to radiolabeled virion RNA of known specific activity. Mutants in complementation groups I and III synthesized little, or no, cRNA at the nonpermissive temperature (39.5 C). When cells infected by these mutants were incubated for 5 h at the permissive temperature (33 C) and were then shifted to 39.5 C, net synthesis of cRNA ceased. This strongly suggests that mutants in these two complementation groups possess a ts defect in the transciptase complex. Mutants in group II and group V synthesize reduced amounts of cRNA at 39.5 C. In contrast to the group I and group III mutants, cRNA synthesis in cells infected by a group II or a group V mutant continues after a shift-up. This indicated that these mutants do not possess a ts transcriptase complex and that these mutants are most probably defective in some step in the amplification of cRNA synthesis. As will be discussed, the most likely defect in these mutants is in the synthesis of virion-type RNA. These results suggest that there are two influenza viral gene functions required for transcription and most likely two additional gene functions required for RNA replication.
Multisensory Integration During Sensorimotor De-adaptation (2007)

Introduction
Previous research has demonstrated that adults can adapt to novel sensorimotor perturbations, a process thought to be achieved by the gradual update of an internal representation (e.g., Shadmehr & Mussa-Ivaldi, 1994). However, few research studies have investigated the persistence of a newly acquired representation, as assessed by the reduction of performance errors after the perturbation has been removed (i.e., de-adaptation). The current study employed two distinct visuomotor distortions (feedback rotation or gain) that created movement errors in the radial or azimuthal directions, respectively. It has been previously demonstrated that the central nervous system (CNS) relies more heavily on visual input for hand localization in the azimuthal direction, whereas proprioception is more heavily weighted in the radial direction (van Beers et al., 1999). The objective of this research was to determine if visual and proprioceptive afference could be flexibly re-weighted in order to de-adapt to novel sensorimotor perturbations. 
Method
Seventy-two right-handed adults performed a center-out reaching task on a digitizing tablet positioned below a horizontally-oriented computer monitor that provided visual feedback of target circles and task performance. During adaptation trials, participants were exposed to either an incremental visuomotor rotation or a gain distortion. During the subsequent post-exposure phase, the visual feedback was provided in one of three ways: 1) on-line visual feedback with knowledge of end-point position, or 2) no on-line feedback but visual end-point position, or 3) neither on-line feedback nor end-point position. Performance was assessed by standardized initial directional error (IDE) and initial amplitude error (IAE) for the rotation and gain distortion tasks, respectively.
Results
All participants demonstrated strong aftereffects in the post-exposure phase, indicative of adaptation to the visuomotor perturbations. To assess between-group differences in rate and final level of de-adaptation, distortion by feedback (2 x 3) ANOVAs were conducted. Results indicate that the participants primarily utilized visual afference to de-adapt to both distortions, despite the fact that adaptation to the visual rotation resulted in movement errors in azimuth, whereas gain adaptation resulted in movement extent errors. 
Conclusions
Consistent with Jones et al. (2001), proprioceptive input is down-weighted during exposure to a visuomotor distortion in order to resolve the experimentally-introduced visuo-proprioceptive conflict. Proprioception continues to be down-weighted during the post-exposure phase despite the removal of the sensory conflict, suggesting the CNS fails to flexibly re-weight sensory information during visuomotor de-adaptation. These data will be discussed with preliminary findings investigating multisensory integration during a reaching task that manipulates proprioceptive, as opposed to visual, information.
Supported by: NIH R01HD42527and NIH RO3HD050372
Hypothalamic proteoglycan syndecan-3 is a novel cocaine addiction resilience factor (2013)

Proteoglycans like syndecan-3 have complex signaling roles in addition to their function as structural components of the extracellular matrix. Here, we show that syndecan-3 in the lateral hypothalamus has an unexpected new role in limiting compulsive cocaine intake. In particular, we observe that syndecan-3 null mice self-administer greater amounts of cocaine than wild-type mice. This effect can be rescued by re-expression of syndecan-3 in the lateral hypothalamus with an adeno-associated viral vector. Adeno-associated viral vector delivery of syndecan-3 to the lateral hypothalamus also reduces motivation for cocaine in normal mice. Syndecan-3 limits cocaine intake by modulating the effects of glial-cell-line-derived neurotrophic factor, which uses syndecan-3 as an alternative receptor. Our findings indicate syndecan-3-dependent signaling as a novel therapeutic target for the treatment of cocaine addiction.
A study on the insecticidal activity of d-tetramethrin (1981)

d-Tetramethrin is a compound consisting of two parts of d-cis- and eight parts of d-trans-chrysanthemate isomers of tetramethrin. A study was made to evaluate the insecticidal activity of d-tetramethrin in comparison with that of several already known pyrethroids against housefly, mosquito and cockroach under several methods of application. d-Tetramethrin showed about twice as strong killing activity as that of tetramethrin against adult housefly, mosquito and cockroach in the topical application, whereas the killing activity was similar to that of d-allethrin and natural pyrethrins. The knockdown activity of d-tetramethrin was observed to be superior to that of tetramethrin, d-allethrin and natural pyrethrins. The flushing-out activity of d-tetramethrin against cockroach was found to be the best among the tested compounds. d-Tetramethrin is therefore a synthetic pyrethroid characterized by rapid knockdown and flushing-out activities. The applicability of the compound can be widened by adding to it a synergist and/or a killing agent such as d-phenothrin.
Facing Services in Computational Clouds (2009)

When describing some parts of a big system they all seem so different. But combining them all together leads to the big picture. The same is true for today's technologies. When looking at all the different facets of Grid and Cloud computing no concrete picture might evolve. But trying to address all kind of issues might lead to a system which is able to manage service on demand. This paper tries to provide the big picture, of what today is called Cloud computing. It focuses on the faces, business models and handling of services in Clouds. And therefor tries to give the big picture of Cloud computing.
Stroboscopic phase-shifting interferometry (1987)

The implementation of a new type of phase-shifting, self-referencing interferometer that simultaneously achieves the phase shift and separation of heams with a stationary diffraction grating is described. The capabilities of stroboscopic interferometry are demonstrated with results from an experiment in which the rapidly varying surface deformations of a sonically activated pellicle mirror are measured in a time-sliced fashion at 50-microsec intervals.
FIRST 25 CASES OF PHOTO-SELECTIVE VAPORIZATION OF THE PROSTATE (PVP) WITH 120-WATT HIGH PERFORMANCE SYSTEM FOR BENIGN PROSTATIC HYPERPLASIA (2013)

PVP using a 120-W HPS was shown to be an effective, safe procedure for patients with BPH and lower urinary tract symptoms.
A Combined Direct-Iterative Method for Certain M-Matrix Linear Systems (1984)

Large, sparse, irreducible singular (column diagonal dominant) M-matrices A occur in various applications including queueing networks, input-output analysis and compartmental analysis. Our splitting $A = M - N$ with the matrix M having symmetric zero structure is a regular splitting, and these splittings induce a combined direct-iterative solution to $Ax = 0$. A sparse $LU$ factorization of a symmetric permutation of A can be obtained using a standard symmetric ordering scheme such as minimum degree. No pivoting for stability is necessary. Splitting strategies based on a tolerance factor are also discussed and some numerical experience is given.
Architectural Characterization of Processor Affinity in Network Processing (2005)

Network protocol stacks, in particular TCP/IP software implementations, are known for its inability to scale well in general-purpose monolithic operating systems (OS) for SMP. Previous researchers have experimented with affinitizing processes/thread, as well as interrupts from devices, to specific processors in a SMP system. However, general purpose operating systems have minimal consideration of user-defined affinity in their schedulers. Our goal is to expose the full potential of affinity by in-depth characterization of the reasons behind performance gains. We conducted an experimental study of TCP performance under various affinity modes on IA-based servers. Results showed that interrupt affinity alone provided a throughput gain of up to 25%, and combined thread/process and interrupt affinity can achieve gains of 30%. In particular, calling out the impact of affinity on machine clears (in addition to cache misses) is characterization that has not been done before
Determination of molecular weight distributions of large water soluble macromolecules using dynamic light scattering (1988)

Characterization of polymer molecular weight is an extremely important aspect of polymer research, and a vast number of analytical techniques has been used to determine molecular weights. One method is dynamic light scattering (DLS). DLS is also referred to as photon correlation spectroscopy (PCS), quasi-elastic light scattering (QLS), and may other appellations. The phenomenon that gives rise to the DLS technique was first observed in the early 1930's. In the mid 1950's, measurement techniques similar to modern dynamic light scattering were developed. Two major technical developments have greatly enhanced the use of DLS. The first was the development of the laser. This provided a light source with very high intensity at a single frequency. Also, major advances in digital electronics have allowed better data acquisition and faster data analysis than were previously available.
Cellular Pharmacokinetics of the Novel Biaryloxazolidinone Radezolid in Phagocytic Cells: Studies with Macrophages and Polymorphonuclear Neutrophils (2010)

Radezolid (RX-1741) is the first biaryloxazolidinone in clinical development. It shows improved activity, including against linezolid-resistant strains. Radezolid differs from linezolid by the presence of a biaryl spacer and of a heteroaryl side chain, which increases the ionization and hydrophilicity of the molecule at physiological pH and confers to it a dibasic character. The aim of this study was to determine the accumulation and subcellular distribution of radezolid in phagocytic cells and to decipher the underlying mechanisms. In THP-1 human macrophages, J774 mouse macrophages, and human polymorphonuclear neutrophils, radezolid accumulated rapidly and reversibly (half-lives of approximately 6 min and 9 min for uptake and efflux, respectively) to reach, at equilibrium, a cellular concentration 11-fold higher than the extracellular one. This process was concentration and energy independent but pH dependent (accumulation was reduced to 20 to 30% of control values for cells in medium at a pH of <6 or in the presence of monensin, which collapses pH gradients between the extracellular and intracellular compartments). The accumulation at equilibrium was not affected by efflux pump inhibitors (verapamil and gemfibrozil) and was markedly reduced at 4 degrees C but was further increased in medium with low serum content. Subcellular fractionation studies demonstrated a dual subcellular distribution for radezolid, with approximately 60% of the drug colocalizing to the cytosol and approximately 40% to the lysosomes, with no specific association with mitochondria. These observations are compatible with a mechanism of transmembrane diffusion of the free fraction and partial segregation of radezolid in lysosomes by proton trapping, as previously described for macrolides.
Photocatalytic Activity of Monodispersed Spherical TiO 2 Particles with Different Crystallization Routes (2003)

Monodispersed spherical TiO 2 particles were prepared by hydrothermal crystallization and/or calcination of spherical amorphous particles, synthesized by thermal hydrolysis of TiCl 4 . The crystallized spherical particles were secondary agglomerates of primary nanocrystallites. Different crystallization routes and conditions provided the spherical TiO 2 particles with wide particle characteristics, such as the fraction of crystallization, the size and shape of the primary nanocrystallites, and the specific surface area. The photocatalytic activity showed complex dependence on the crystallization routes and conditions. The complex dependence behavior could be explained by combining the effects of the fraction of crystallization, the specific surface area, and the adsorption ability for hydroxyl ions. Especially, in the present study, the hydrothermally crystallized TiO 2 particles with large primary nanocrystallites showed the highest photocatalytic activity. The high photocatalytic activity mainly resulted from the high surface adsorption ability for hydroxyl ions, which was closely related to the well‐developed (flat and faceted) morphology of primary nanocrystallite.
The berthelot or indophenol reaction and its use in the analytical chemistry of nitrogen. A review (1984)

The first page of this article is displayed as the abstract.
Central role of lung macrophages in SARS-CoV-2 physiopathology: a cross-model single-cell RNA-seq perspective (2023)

Cytokine storms are considered a driving factor in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) severity. However, the triggering and resolution of this cytokine production, as well as the link between this phenomenon and infected cells, are still poorly understood. In this study, a cross-species scRNA-seq analysis showed that cytokine-producing macrophages together with pneumocytes were found to be the main contributors of viral transcripts in both Syrian hamsters and African green monkeys. Whatever the cell type, viral read-bearing cells show an apoptotic phenotype. A comparison of SARS-CoV-2 entry receptor candidates showed that Fc receptors are better correlated with infected cells than ACE2, NRP1, or AXL. Although both species show similar interferon responses, differences in adaptive immunity were highlighted. Lastly, Fc receptor and cytokine upregulation in M1 macrophages was found to correlate with a comprehensive interferon response. Based on these results, we propose a model in which lung macrophages play a central role in COVID-19 severity through antibody-dependent enhancement.
Absolute configuration of 14β-hydroxy-3β-O-(L-thevetosyl)-5β-card-20(22)-enolide chloroform disolvate (2003)

The structure of 14β-hydroxy-3β-O-(l-theve­tosyl)-5β-card-20(22)-enolide, C30H46O8, (I), has been reported previously [Chantrapromma et al. (2003). Acta Cryst. C59, o68–o70] in the assumed l form. In order to establish the absolute configur­ation of this important naturally occurring triterpenoidal glycoside, we have successfully incorporated chloro­form mol­ecules in the crystal structure by using chloro­form as a solvent during crystallization, viz. C30H46O8·2CHCl3, (I). The present X-ray study confirms that the previously assumed stereochemistry, viz. the l form, is correct. As previously reported, the steroid nucleus has a cis/trans/cis configuration. However, the present structure differs from that reported earlier in the orientations of the lactone ring and glycosidic linkages.
Uniform and Non-Uniform Zoning for Load Balancing in Virtual Environments (2010)

Maintaining a stable system for thousands of users is a difficult task. Massively Multiplayer Online Game (MMOG) dealing thousands of players preserves consistency by sharing relevant game states among the interacting parties. The lag of state sharing becomes excessive when the system is overloaded. Current practices supporting a massive number of users generally divide the game world into zones which are managed by servers. However, such zoning restricts cross-zonal interactions and exposes division of the game space. To address these problems, we present load-balancing algorithms for both uniform and non-uniform zonal Peer-to-Peer (P2P) MMOGs. The proposed load-balancing schemes identify a loaded server in terms of either the number of players or packets processed per unit time, and then move the load to other servers considering communication overhead and P2P overlay restructuring. The non-uniform load balancing, named adaptive scheme, uses a bisection procedure that does not adhere to any predefined zone size - zone sizes are flexible and can be determined dynamically. The outlined Multilevel Multiphase Load Balancing (MMLB) method designed for uniform zones reduces load in a step-by-step manner, and avoids problems associated with current load balancing schemes. Our results show that reducing load at any magnitude not necessarily improves performance. By comparison, MMLB performs better than adaptive scheme especially for a series of hotspots.
Serum‐free production of recombinant proteins and adenoviral vectors by 293SF‐3F6 cells (1998)

This article describes the step-wise approach undertaken to select a serum-free medium (SFM) for the efficient production of a recombinant adenoviral vectors expressing β-galactosidase (Ad5 CMV-LacZ), in the complementing human embryonic kidney 293S cells. In the first step, a 293S-derived transfectoma, secreting a soluble epidermal growth factor receptor sEGFr (D2-22), was used to estimate the potential of selected serum-free formulations to support the production of a recombinant protein as compared to serum-containing medium. Assays showed that only one among six commercial serum-free formulations could support both sEGFr production and cell growth in static or suspension culture. In commercially available calcium-containing serum-free formulations, the cell aggregates reached up to 3 mm in diameter. In the second step, 293S cells were gradually adapted to a low-calcium version of the selected medium (LC-SFM). Cells were cloned, then screened according to their ability to grow at a rate and an extent comparable to parental cells in serum-containing medium (standard) as single cells or small aggregates. The 293SF-3F6 clone, first adapted to and then cloned in the selected serum-free medium, was selected for further experiments. Bioreactor run performed with the 293SF-3F6 clone showed similar growth curve as in the shake-flask controls. In the final step, the recombinant viral vector productivity of the 293S cells and the 293SF-3F6 clone was tested. The 293SF-3F6 cells infected by Ad5 CMV-LacZ in 3 L-scale bioreactor maintained the specific productivities of both β-galactosidase and adenoviral vector equivalent to the shake-flask controls in suspension culture. Results from this study clearly demonstrate that the 293SF-3F6 cell line thus selected may be used either for establishing stable transfected cell line or for the production of adenoviral vectors required for gene therapy studies. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Biotechnol Bioeng 59: 567–575, 1998.
Supplementary Figure 4 from Cyclin E Associates with the Lipogenic Enzyme ATP-Citrate Lyase to Enable Malignant Growth of Breast Cancer Cells (2023)

&lt;p&gt;ACLY downregulation in LMW-E mouse xenografts inhibits tumor growth.&lt;/p&gt;
On Moving Average Parameter Estimation (2012)

Publication in the conference proceedings of EUSIPCO, Bucharest, Romania, 2012
Polycyanoacrylate porous material for bone tissue substitution (2014)

A proof of concept study has been conducted for the design of a porous biodegradable material containing nanocapsules and two actives with independent release-bimodal drug-eluting implants. Completely safe synthetic material free from risk of prion and virus contamination was tested in vivo, and a method for controlling the rate of biodegradation of poly-2-cyanoacrylic polymer was developed. Novel perfluorinated 2-cyanoacrylic esters have been applied for the chemical modification of polyethyl-2-cyanoacrlylate copolymers. Internal imide-cycle formation has been used to retard the rate of enzymatic hydrolysis of the 2-cyanoacrylic copolymer main chain.
[A study on the allelic deletion of nm23 genes in human lung cancer.]. (2000)

nm23 gene may be involved in the differentiation and metastasis of human lung cancer , and nm23-H1 gene may play a more important role in the regulation of cell differentiation and metastasis of lung cancer than nm23-H2 gene.
029 Biomechanical Effects of Rear Tip Extenders on Inflatable Penile Implants: A Cadaveric Study (2019)

It is speculated by many penile prosthesis implanters that rear tip extenders (RTEs) negatively affect axial loading so they should be avoided if possible but many implanters use RTE to assist with exit tubing angle thus justify their presence. However, the biomechanical effects of RTEs in the body have not been reported. In this study, two groups of Coloplast Titan inflatable penile implant (IPP) IPP-RTE pairs of total length of 20 and 24cm, respectively with lengths of RTEs ranging from 0, 2 and 4cm have been investigated to provide experimental evidence. 3 cadavers were obtained. Penile stretch length, corporal length, and pendulous shaft dimensions were obtained. Artificial erections and cavernosograms were performed on the 3 cadavers and one was excluded for Peyronie’s disease. The IPPs were surgically placed into two fresh cadavers via a penoscrotal technique by a high volume surgeon. The implants were confirmed to be placed correctly using fluoroscopy. The IPPs were assessed by column compression and cantilever deflection. A biomechanical evaluation of the properties of each IPP-RTE pairs inside the fibroelastic tunica albuginea was based on industry standard methods for assessment at 1034mmHg (20psi) fill pressure. X-ray images were obtained before and after kink formation.
28nm High-K-Metal Gate Ferroelectric Field Effect Transistors Based Artificial Synapses (2022)

&lt;p&gt;This paper presents 28 nm high-k-metal gate (HKMG) based ferroelectric field effect transistor (FeFET) devices fabricated on 300mm wafers at GlobalFoundries’. The fabricated devices demonstrate 103 WRITE-endurance cycles and 104 seconds of data-retention capability at 85°C.&lt;/p&gt;