gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Characteristics of GaAs buffered FET logic (BFL) MESFETs and inverters exposed to high-energy neutrons (1991)

A systematic investigation of the effects of high-energy neutrons on GaAs metal-semiconductor field-effect transistors (MESFETs) and buffered FET logic (BFL) gates has been carried out. Discrete transistors, inverters, and ring oscillators were characterized and modeled as a function of neutron fluence. Measurements were made of the threshold voltage shifts, the transconductance degradation, and saturation current degradation of GaAs depletion mode MESFETs, which comprise the BFL logic gates, irradiated with neutron fluences ranging from 5*10/sup 13/ n/cm/sup 2/ to 2*10/sup 15/ n/cm/sup 2/ (for particle energies above 10 keV). The threshold voltage was found to shift positively by 0.45 V, the transconductance decreased to 3%, and the saturation current to 1% of their unirradiated values at the highest neutron fluence (2*10/sup 15/ n/cm/sup 2/). The BFL inverter characteristics were measured and successfully simulated with SPICE using device parameters extracted from the neutron-damaged FETs. Ring oscillator measurements were made to determine the effects of high-energy neutrons on the frequency performance of BFL circuits. The ring oscillator frequency decreased to 9% of its unirradiated value at the highest neutron fluence.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Trees as semilattices (1995)

We study semilattices whose diagrams are trees. First, we characterize them as semilattices whose convex subsemilattices form a convex geometry, or, equivalently, the closure induced by convex subsemilattices is antiexchange. Then we give lattice theoretic and two graph theoretic characterizations of atomistic semilattices with tree diagrams.
Full Activation of PKB/Akt in Response to Insulin or Ionizing Radiation Is Mediated through ATM (2004)

The gene mutated in ataxia telangiectasia, ATM, has been implicated in several cell functions such as cell cycle control and response to DNA damage and insulin. PKB/Akt has also been implicated in the cellular response to insulin, gamma-radiation, and cell cycle control. Interestingly, lack of PKB/Akt function in vivo is able to mimic some phenotypic abnormalities associated with ataxia telangiectasia (AT). Here we show that ATM is a major determinant of full PKB/Akt activation in response to insulin or gamma-radiation. This effect is mediated through the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase domain of ATM that specifically affects Akt serine 473 phosphorylation. This conclusion was inferred from the results obtained in transient transfection assays using exogenous PKB/Akt and ATM in Cos cells. Moreover, the use of ATM inhibitors or small interfering RNA confirmed our observation. Further supporting these results, we also observed that biological responses tightly regulated by Akt, such as transcription factor of the forkhead family activity after insulin treatment or gamma-radiation response, were altered in cell lines derived from AT patients and knockout mice for ATM in which phosphorylation in serine 473 was almost abolished. This study proposes new clues in the search of the unknown PDK2 and new explanations for the radiosensitivity or insulin intolerance described more than 30 years ago in AT patients.
FPGA 기반 실시간 다중 스케일 적외선 표적 검출 방법 (2016)

In this paper, we propose multi-scale infrared target detection algorithm with varied filter size using integral image. Filter based target detection is widely used for small target detection, but it doesn’t suit for large target detection depending on the filter size. When there are multi-scale targets on the sky background, detection filter with small filter size can not detect the whole shape of the large targe. In contrast, detection filter with large filter size doesn’t suit for small target detection, but also it requires a large amount of processing time. The proposed algorithm integrates the filtering results of varied filter size for the detection of small and large targets. The proposed algorithm has good performance for both small and large target detection. Furthermore, the proposed algorithm requires a less processing time, since it use the integral image to make the mean images with different filter sizes for subtraction between the original image and the respective mean image. In addition, we propose the implementation of real-time embedded system using FPGA.
<title>Simulation of threshold operation of GaInNAs diode lasers</title> (2003)

The advanced three-dimensional fully self-consistent optical-electrical-thermal-gain model of the 1.3-&mu;m (GaIn)(NAs)/GaAs vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL) has been developed to simulate its room-temperature (RT) continuous-wave (CW) performance characteristics and to enable its structure optimisation. The standard GaInNAs VCSEL structure with an intracavity-contacted configuration exhibits very nonuniform current injection into its active region, whereas a uniform current injection is important in long-wavelength VCSELs for low threshold, high-efficiency and stable-mode operation. Therefore we decided to insert an additional tunnel junction within the active-region neighbourhood. The tunnel junction is shown to enhance effectively hole injection via a lateral electron current, with only a modest increase (a small penalty) in voltage drop and series resistance compared to standard devices.
Performance limits of amplify-and-forward based fading relay channels (2004)

In this paper, we examine the basic building block of cooperative diversity systems, a simple fading relay channel where the source, destination and relay terminals are each equipped with single antenna transceivers. We consider three different TDMA-based cooperative protocols that vary the degree of broadcasting and receive collision. For each protocol, the relay terminal simply amplifies-and-forwards the signal received from the source terminal to the destination. We study the ergodic and outage capacity behavior of each of the protocols assuming Gaussian codebooks and show that full spatial diversity (second-order in this case) is achieved by certain protocols provided that appropriate power control is employed. Finally, we establish the superiority (both from a capacity as well as a diversity point-of-view) of a new protocol proposed in this paper.
Suivi d’enfants exposés aux rayonnements ionisants dans le cadre de procédures radiologiques à visée diagnostique (2012)

Compte tenu de la radiosensibilité accrue des enfants aux rayonnements ionisants, notre objectif est d’évaluer les risques de cancers solides et de leucémies à long terme associés aux expositions médicales reçues pendant l’enfance. Deux études de cohorte sont réalisées par le Laboratoire d’épidémiologie de l’Institut de radioprotection et de sûreté nucléaire (IRSN). L’une, la « Cohorte Enfant Scanner » porte sur les enfants nés après le 01/01/1995 et exposés aux rayonnements ionisants lors de scanners réalisés entre 2000 et 2013. L’autre porte sur les enfants exposés lors de procédures de cardiologie interventionnelle avant l’âge de 10 ans entre 2000 et 2013. Pour chacune des cohortes, une évaluation rétrospective individuelle de l’exposition sera réalisée par l’Unité d’expertise en radioprotection médicale de l’IRSN. Un suivi passif en termes de cancers solides et de leucémies sera réalisé grâce aux données des registres de cancers pédiatriques et aux données de mortalité. La « Cohorte Enfant Scanner » est constituée de plus 80 000 enfants et s’inscrit dans le projet européen EPI-CT, qui regroupe 9 cohortes nationales. À terme, la cohorte des enfants en cardiologie interventionnelle regroupera plus de 8 000 enfants. Ces études de cohortes, avec un suivi prolongé, permettront d’étudier l’impact sur la santé des expositions radiologiques reçues pendant l’enfance.
Nonparallel stability analysis of compressible boundary layer using 3-D PSE (1999)

The receptivity, stability and transition mechanisms of hypersonic flows over 3-D bodies have been the focus of recent research efforts. 2-D and 3-D DNS (Direct Numerical Simulation) have been used as a primary tool in attacking the problems. However, to fully address the problems, less costly methods are desirable to provide independent checks and theoretical interpretations of the numerical results. 3-D PSE (Parabolized Stability Equations), a 3-D extension of the 2-D linear PSE, derived from the full compressible Navier-Stokes disturbance equations in generalized coordinates, have been developed as a cost effective alternative to DNS in solving the problems. Specifically, 3-D PSE intend to account for spanwise variations of basic flow as well as the wavenumbers and shape functions of the disturbances which are ignored in 2-D PSE. Along with 3-D DNS to provide the receptivity solutions, 3-D PSE may serve as a very practical tool in understanding the 3-D stability and transition mechanisms for compressible flows. The formulations and numerical methodology are presented for 2-D and 3-D PSE. At the testing stage, 2-D and 3-D linear PSE are validated with previous 2-D linear PSE results for supersonic flows over flat plate.
Environmental impact of metals resulting from military training activities : a review (2022)

The deposition of metals into the environment as a result of military training activities remains a longterm concern for Defense organizations across the globe. Of particular concern for deposition and potential mobilization are antimony (Sb), arsenic (As), copper (Cu), lead (Pb), and tungsten (W), which are the focus of this review article. The fate, transport, and mobilization of these metals are complicated and depend on a variety of environmental factors that are often convoluted, heterogeneous, and site dependent. While there have been many studies investigating contaminant mobilization on military training lands there exists a lack of cohesiveness surrounding the current state of knowledge for these five metals. The focus of this review article is to compile the current knowledge of the fate, transport, and ultimate risks presented by metals associated with different military training activities particularly as a result of small arms training activities, artillery/mortar ranges, battleruns, rocket ranges, and grenade courts. From there, we discuss emerging research results and finish with suggestions of where future research efforts and training range designs could be focused toward further reducing the deposition, limiting the migration, and decreasing risks presented by metals in the environment. Additionally, information presented here may offer insights into Sb, As, Cu, Pb, and W in other environmental settings.
Sequentielle Konfigurationsanalyse von Peptiden (1987)

Der Nachweis des Racemisierungsgrades der Aminosäuren in jeder einzelnen Position eines Peptids gelingt mit einem neuen Verfahren. Zunächst wird das Peptid mit tert-Butylisocyanat umgesetzt; vom resultierenden N-tert-Butylcarbamoylpeptid wird sodann mit iPrOH/HCl die N-terminale Aminosäure als Ester 1 abgespalten. Dieser Schritt wird wiederholt, bis das Peptid abgebaut ist. Der Racemisierungsgrad von 1 läßt sich durch enantioselektive Gaschromatographie (oder HPLC) bestimmen.
Pilot Project for a Web-Based Dynamic Nomogram to Predict Survival 1 Year After Hip Fracture Surgery: Retrospective Observational Study (2022)

In conclusion, we provide an easy-to-read web-based nomogram that predicts survival up to 365 days after hip fracture. The Cox proportional hazards model and logistic models showed good discrimination, with concordance index values of 0.732 and 0.781, respectively.
Overlay copy technique to provide high-contrast electron micrographs for automatic metallographic analysis (1966)

Overlay copy technique to provide high-contrast electron micrographs for automatically determining quantitative microstructure of multiphase specimens
Disinct patterns of gene expression induced by annexin 1 activation of the ALXR receptor in HEK293 cells. (2006)

Annexin 1 (AnxA1) is an anti‐inflammatory protein which mediates some of the therapeutic effects of glucocorticoids in innate immunity. It has recently been demonstrated that these effects are mediated through the lipoxin A4 receptor, also known as the formyl peptide receptor‐like 1 or ALXR. In order to investigate future AnxA1 mediated drug therapies for inflammatory disorders, it is important to identify the down‐stream gene targets of AnxA1. As N‐terminal fragments of AnxA1 appear able to activate other receptors of the family, including FPR and FPRL‐2, we decided to stably transfect the ALXR receptor into HEK293 cells, which have no endogenous ALXR or FPR activity. The following treatments were then performed, for a 4 h time period: i) CMV empty vector controls ii) ALXR transfected cells iii) ALXR cells with Ac2‐26 iv) ALXR cells with AnxA1. Affymetrix Human U133 plus 2 arrays were used and all results were processed using Genespring V 7.2. Of the large number of genes that were altered by AnxA1, a number were of particular interest to us and warrant further investigation. These genes include 4 genes involved in cell adhesion; 2 motility/chemotaxis related genes; 4 genes which encode for phosphatases; 3 genes involved in innate immunity; a cytokine receptor gene; 4 genes involved in degradation/enzymatic pathways; 3 genes encoding chaperone molecules and 2 genes involved in acquired immunity. This study begins to shed light on the spectrum of anti‐inflammatory effects activated by AnxA1. Supported by the Arthritis Research Campaign UK (Fellowship 15755).
Osteoclast differentiation during experimental tooth movement by a short-term force application: An immunohistochemical study in rats (2008)

Osteoclast precursors differentiate within the bone marrow and then migrate into the PDL during early tooth movement.
Opportunities and advances in ultra-wideband electronically scanned arrays (2016)

This paper discusses bandwidth and polarization challenges in modern dual-polarized ultra-wideband (UWB) electronically scanned array (ESA) aperture design and two recent solution advances aiming to remedy such issues: a 6:1 Planar Ultrawideband Modular Antenna (PUMA) array and a 10:1 Sliced Notch Antenna (SNA) array. The proposed arrays enable wide bandwidth, low cross-polarization, and high efficiency from both low-profile and high-profile array research directions to appeal to a wider variety of applications and design embodiments. The proposed UWB-ESAs are analyzed alongside a conventional 10:1 all-metal Vivaldi array to shed light upon modern design trends and implications.
Effects of Anion Transport Inhibitors on Hemolysis of Human Erythrocytes under Hydrostatic Pressure1 (1995)

Effects of anion transport inhibitors on hemolysis of human erythrocytes at 200 mPa were examined. The degree of hemolysis was decreased by treating intact cells with 4,4'-diisothiocyanostilbene-2,2'-disulfonate (DIDS), 4,4'-dinitrostilbene-2,2'-disulfonate and pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (PLP) had little effect on the hemolysis. In contrast, the degree of hypotonic hemolysis increased upon treatment with anion transport, inhibitors. From the relationship between the hemolysis at 200 mPa and anion transport, it was found that high-pressure-induced hemolysis was suppressed by the covalent binding of anion transport inhibitors to band 3. This idea was supported by the finding that the hemolysis at 200 mPa of trypsin-treated erythrocytes was suppressed by DIDS. Furthermore, the spectrin content in vesicles which are released from erythrocyte ghost by dimyristoyl-phosphatidylcholine decreased upon DIDS labeling of band 3, but did not change upon PLP labeling. These results suggest that the interaction of the cytoplasmic domain of band 3 with spectrin, perhaps via ankyrin, is tightened by the covalent binding of bulky ligands to the exofacial domain of band 3.
Production of highly charged ion beams from electron cyclotron resonance ion sources (invited) (1998)

Electron cyclotron resonance ion source (ECRIS) development has progressed with multiple-frequency plasma heating, higher mirror magnetic fields, and better technique to provide extra cold electrons. Such techniques greatly enhance the production of highly charged ions from ECRISs. So far at continuous wave (CW) mode operation, up to 300 eμA of O7+ and 1.15 emA of O6+, more than 100 eμA of intermediate heavy ions for charge states up to Ar13+, Ca13+, Fe13+, Co14+, and Kr18+, and tens of eμA of heavy ions with charge states to Kr26+, Xe28+, Au35+, Bi34+, and U34+ were produced from ECRISs. At an intensity of at least 1 eμA, the maximum charge state available for the heavy ions are Xe36+, Au46+, Bi47+, and U48+. An order of magnitude enhancement for fully stripped argon ions (I⩾60 enA) were also achieved. This article will review the ECR ion source progress and discuss key requirement for ECRISs to produce the highly charged ion beams.
DICHOTOMY SPECTRUM OF NONAUTONOMOUS LINEAR STOCHASTIC DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS (2002)

We investigate a concept of dichotomy spectrum for nonautonomous linear stochastic differential equations, which is defined with sample-wise exponential dichotomy of the two-parameter flow generated by the equation. We use random norm and cohomology to capture the nature of the stochastic nonuniformity. The main result is our spectral theorem stating that the dichotomy spectrum consists of compact random intervals with corresponding spectral manifolds, which are Oseledets spaces if the equation generates a random dynamical system. The dichotomy spectrum is nonrandom and equals the Lyapunov spectrum if the stochastic differential equation is Lyapunov regular.
Antiviral activity and safety of aplaviroc, a CCR5 antagonist, in combination with lopinavir/ritonavir in HIV‐infected, therapy‐naïve patients: results of the EPIC study (CCR100136)* (2009)

While target plasma concentrations of APL were achieved, the antiviral activity of APL+LPV/r did not appear to be comparable to that of 3TC/ZDV+LPV/r.
CLINICAL STUDY OF BREAST CANCER PATIENT ON HEMODIALYSIS (1998)

Among 1160 patients with breast cancer who were treated at our hospital in an 11-year-period from 1986 to April 1997, 11 patients (13 breasts) on hemodialysis were subjected to a clinical study. A mean interval from induction of hemodialysis to the breast operation was 116 months. Two out of these eleven patients had a hemodialysis shunt in the upper limb on the affected side. All patients underwent radical operation. A mean operation time was 116 minutes and an average blood loss was 126ml. Neither blood trasnfusion nor emergency hemodialysis was required after the operation. Postoperative complications occurred in two cases, including hematoma under the skin flap and thrombus of dialysis shunt in each case. Two patients experienced recurrences and other two patients died of other disease. If the perioperative management is properly performed, patients with breast cancer on hemodialysis can be safely treated.
ChemInform Abstract: Reaction of Benzaldehyde Tosylhydrazone with Sodium Diethyl Phosphite. (1990)

Abstract The title reaction under basic conditions yields the products (III) and (IV).
Alterations of the glutathione redox state improve apical meristem structure and somatic embryo quality in white spruce (Picea glauca) (2005)

In white spruce, an improvement of somatic embryo number and quality can be achieved through experimental manipulations of the endogenous levels of reduced (GSH) and oxidized (GSSG) glutathione. An optimal protocol for embryo production included an initial application of GSH in the maturation medium, followed by replacement with GSSG during the remaining maturation period. Under these conditions, the overall embryo population more than doubled, and the percentage of fully developed embryos increased from 22% to almost 70%. These embryos showed improved post-embryonic growth and conversion frequency. Structural studies revealed remarkable differences between embryo types, especially in storage product deposition pattern and organization of the shoot apical meristem (SAM). Compared with their control counterparts, glutathione-treated embryos accumulated a larger amount of starch during the early stages of development, and more protein and lipid bodies during the second half of development. Differences were also noted in the organization of SAMs. Shoot meristems of control embryos were poorly organized and were characterized by the presence of intercellular spaces, which caused separation of the subapical cells. Glutathione-treated embryos had well-organized meristems composed of tightly packed cells which lack large vacuoles. The improved organization of the shoot apical meristems in treated embryos was ascribed to a lower production of ethylene. Differences in meristem structure between control and treated embryos were also related to the localization pattern of HBK1, a shoot apical meristem 'molecular marker' gene with preferential expression to the meristematic cells of the shoot pole. Expression of this gene, which was localized to the apical cells in control embryos, was extended to the subapical cells of treated embryos. Overall, it appears that meristem integrity and embryo quality are under the direct control of the glutathione redox state.
Chronic tenosynovitis of the tibialis posterior tendon and the use of tenography. (1989)

Tenosynovitis of the tibialis posterior tendon and the use of the tenogram is presented. The tenogram is used as a diagnostic aid in determining the etiology as well as the course of treatment of a symptomatic tibialis posterior tendon. Various treatments for tenosynovitis have also been described.
Range Image Segmentation for 3-D Object Recognition (1988)

Three dimensional scene analysis in an unconstrained and uncontrolled environment is the ultimate goal of computer vision. Explicit depth information about the scene is of tremendous help in segmentation and recognition of objects. Range image interpretation with a view of obtaining low-level features to guide mid-level and high-level segmentation and recognition processes is described. No assumptions about the scene are made and algorithms are applicable to any general single viewpoint range image. Low-level features like step edges and surface characteristics are extracted from the images and segmentation is performed based on individual features as well as combination of features. A high level recognition process based on superquadric fitting is described to demonstrate the usefulness of initial segmentation based on edges. A classification algorithm based on surface curvatures is used to obtain initial segmentation of the scene. Objects segmented using edge information are then classified using surface curvatures. Various applications of surface curvatures in mid and high level recognition processes are discussed. These include surface reconstruction, segmentation into convex patches and detection of smooth edges. Algorithms are run on real range images and results are discussed in detail.
Multiple-Kernel Local-Patch Descriptor (2017)

We propose a multiple-kernel local-patch descriptor based on efficient match kernels of patch gradients. It combines two parametrizations of gradient position and direction, each parametrization provides robustness to a different type of patch miss-registration: polar parametrization for noise in the patch dominant orientation detection, Cartesian for imprecise location of the feature point. Even though handcrafted, the proposed method consistently outperforms the state-of-the-art methods on two local patch benchmarks.