gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
induction of apoptosis (2000)

Nonfatal paralysis, induced by the attenuated Pasteur strain of rabies virus, is characterised by local and irreversible flaccid paralysis of the inoculated limbs. We characterised the spread and localisation of virus in the CNS of infected mice, determined the nature of cell injury and examined the role of the immune response. Data indicate that infection of BALB/c mice induced paralysis in 60% of infected mice, the others recovering without sequelae. In both groups of mice, virus was detected in restricted sub-populations of neurons from the brain and spinal cord, and intensity of the neuropathology correlated with levels of rabies RNA and apoptotic infected neurons. However, apoptosis of neurons and paralysis were not due to a direct deleterious effect of the virus, but induced by a T-dependent immune response, as evidenced by their absence in nude mice. Paralysed and asymptomatic mice developed a similar rabies virus-specific IgG2a antibody response, thus excluding the role of any modification of the humoral immune response. In contrast, three events were critically associated with the development of neurological symptoms: the amount of virus in the CNS, the level of apoptosis in both infected neurons and uninfected surrounding cells and the progressive parenchymal infiltration of CD4 + and CD8 + T cells at the site of infection. These data suggest that during nonfatal rabies infection, the levels of viral replication and primary degeneration of infected neurons by apoptosis could be responsible for the infiltration of T lymphocytes capable of inducing secondary degeneration of neural cells. Journal of NeuroVirology (2000) 6, 359 ‐ 372.
Teletraffic capacity of CDMA cellular mobile networks and adaptive antennas (2002)

Abstract The teletraffic capacity of a CDMA mobile network with adaptive antennas at the receiver base station is considered and a simplified expression for the system outage probability associated with the teletraffic capacity is obtained. Analytical as well as numerical results show that the outage probability, and consequently the teletraffic capacity of the system, is improved using adaptive antennas at the receiver base station. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.
Distributed detection of hydrogen and deuterium diffusion into a single-mode optical fiber with chirped-pulse phase-sensitive optical time-domain reflectometry (2019)

For some infrastructures such as oil and gas extraction boreholes or radioactive waste repositories, where distributed optical fiber sensors are employed to grant the safety of the facilities, the presence of gas species such as hydrogen or deuterium is one of the most relevant parameters to monitor. The possibility of employing the same kind of sensors for this purpose is of special interest, reducing the cost by employing a single interrogator, able to measure multiple parameters by simply employing adequate sensing fibers. To meet this goal, we present here a chemical sensor based on chirped-pulse phase-sensitive optical time-domain reflectometry (CP-φOTDR), which is able to detect these species while they diffuse into the silica fiber. The ability of chirped-pulse φOTDR to measure a change in refractive index with sensitivity around 10<sup>-8</sup> has allowed determining hydrogen concentration with accuracy on the order of 10<sup>-3</sup> mol/m<sup>3</sup> and spatial resolution ∼6 m. Another experiment provides an indirect measurement of the solubility of deuterium in a standard telecom-grade optical fiber, which is found to be around 1.47×10<sup>24</sup> m<sup>3</sup>/bar.
Peroxides. II. Preparation, Characterization and Polarographic Behavior of Longchain Aliphatic Peracids2 (1955)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPeroxides. II. Preparation, Characterization and Polarographic Behavior of Longchain Aliphatic Peracids2Winfred E. Parker, Constantine Ricciuti, C. L. Ogg, and Daniel SwernCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1955, 77, 15, 4037–4041Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1955Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1955https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01620a023https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01620a023research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views404Altmetric-Citations92LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Tracheary Element Differentiation Induced in Isolated Cylinders of Lettuce Pith: a Bipolar Gradient Technique (1982)

To study the influence of morphogenetic gradients on vascular differentiation patterns, a new technique was developed which allows different substances to be applied at opposite ends of a tissue block. It yielded information on the mobility of particular morphogens and on the dependence of callus formation and tracheary element differentiation on their presence. Application of indol-3yl acetic acid (1AA) (10 mg l−1), zeatin (0.1 mg l−1) and sucrose (3 per cent, w/v) in various combinations to the ends of cylindrical explants of lettuce pith (Lactuca sativa L.) showed that (a) callus formation was stimulated by IAA, whereas induction of tracheary elements required both IAA and zeatin; (b) callus was confined to a few millimetres at the ends of the explants, and tracheary elements occurred mainly within the callus; (c) sucrose or its metabolic products diffused the 10 mm length of the explants, while IAA and zeatin were effective only close to the application site; and (d) some callus and tracheary elements formed when no sucrose was applied, but both increased with sucrose application, though inhibition of tracheary elements formation occurred with high sucrose concentrations.
One and Two Dimensional Position Sensing Semiconductor Detectors (1968)

Ratio and time difference methods of obtaining positional information from detectors employing charge division by resistive electrodes are discussed. Linear, radial, X-Y, and R-Theta detectors are described.
9xx nm single emitter pumps for multi-kW systems (2006)

High-power high-brightness multimode edge emitting pumps have been developed. Comprehensive development efforts have resulted in 3 mm-long cavity diodes with far-field divergence reduced down to 26°. Output in excess of 20W CW from 90 &#956;m-wide aperture single emitter was demonstrated for the first time. Peak power was reached at 25A CW driving current and was limited by power supply. Peak CW power efficiency was as high as 67%. Two coolerless package types designed to operate up to 10W output and up to 20W output are reported. About 95% fiber coupling efficiency into NA<0.12 was demonstrated in the entire range of driving currents for both types of pumps. For packages of the later design efficiency over 50% is maintained up to 16W CW ex-fiber output. Diode junction overheat above heatsink temperature is less than 20°C up to ~ 18W ex-fiber output.
Treatment of traumatically induced synovial sepsis in horses with gentamicin‐impregnated collagen sponges (2000)

Eight horses with synovial sepsis induced by trauma were treated by arthroscopic/tenoscopic debridement and lavage followed by the implantation of a gentamicin-impregnated collagen sponge. Seven of them responded favourably and were sound six months after treatment. The other underwent a further surgical procedure and recovered. Gentamicin-impregnated collagen sponges appear to be a safe and useful adjunct in the treatment of septic joints and tendon sheaths, and have the advantage of being bioabsorbable.
Branch-and-bound style resource constrained scheduling using efficient structure-aware pruning (2013)

Branch-and-bound approaches are promising in pruning infeasible search space during the resource constrained scheduling (RCS). However, such methods only compare the estimated upper and lower bounds of an incomplete schedule to the length of the best feasible schedule at that iteration. This paper proposes an efficient pruning technique which can identify the fruitless search space based on the detailed structural scheduling information of the obtained best feasible schedule. The proactive nature of our pruning technique enables the pruning of the space which cannot be identified by the state-of-the-art branch-and-bound techniques. The experimental results demonstrate that our approach can drastically (up to two orders-of-magnitude) reduce the overall RCS time under a wide variety of resource constraints.
Genetic Engineering - A New Era for Cancer Immunotherapy? (2007)

Cancer patients often exhibit immunosuppression that is caused by the expanding tumor mass. This fact has severely compromised many efforts to develop effective cancer vaccines in the past. However, a new generation of immunotherapies takes focus on both activating the effector cells of the immune system as well as reverting the immunosuppression. This two-step process has lead to impressive anti-tumor effects both in experimental settings as well as in initial clinical trials. With new and powerful techniques for genetic engineering, the transfer of immunostimulating genes has gained interest. Genetic engineering of the tumor micromilieu has, for example, shown to be an effective means for breaking tumor-induced immunosuppression in an experimental model of bladder cancer. Genetic engineering can also be used to modify the immune effector cells to efficiently target tumor cells and to simultaneously resist immune inhibition. This review will discuss the immunological status of cancer patients with focus on T regulatory cells and their inhibitory cytokines as well as offer a survey of novel immune strategies for cancer gene therapy. Keywords: Gene therapy, cancer vaccine, genetic engineering, immunotherapy, DC vaccine, T regulatory cells
Real-time digital simulation of electromagnetic transient phenomena in power transmission lines (1997)

The aim of this paper is to describe the implementation of a transmission line model, suitable for electromagnetic transient studies, in a real-time simulation environment with hardware-in-the-loop capabilities. The real-time transmission line model is the first step towards a comprehensive power systems simulation environment where fast electrical transient phenomena can be studied with accuracy and ease. This area is a matter of current interest to the electricity supply industry world-wide. Extensive verification against EMTP simulations and comparisons with field measurements are used to assess model correctness.
Volume, index-of-refraction, and stress changes in electron-irradiated vitreous silica (1977)

The volume, index-of-refraction, and stress changes induced in vitreous silica by irradiating with 18-keV electrons have been measured over the dose range from 2.5×1010 to 3×1012 rad. The volume and index measurements were performed using a new technique based on producing a spatial modulation of irradiated and unirradiated areas which is used as an optical phase grating. Comparison of the volume change and stress measurements shows there are two components to the compaction; one component, which dominates below doses of 2×1011 rad, is associated with stress generation, while the other component, which dominates at higher doses, proceeds without generating stress. In addition, the relationship between the index change and volume change observed for electron irradiation is different from that obtained by neutron irradiation and hydrostatic compression. The index-vs-volume change data can be interpreted using the Lorentz-Lorenz formalism and Neuman strain-optical constants, and provides further evidence of the two different compaction processes. The measured stress saturates at 1.5×108 N/m2 at approximately 6×1011 rad (0.24% volume change) and decreases with subsequent irradiation. In contrast the volume and index changes saturate at approximately 2×1012 rad (1.4% volume change).
Instrumentation To Measure The Diffuse Thickness Of Scattering Dispersions (1988)

An instrument has been developed for measuring the light scattering associated with diffuse reflectance measurements. The instrument measures the sample thickness necessary to bring about diffusion of the transmitted radiation, i.e., the diffuse thickness. This quantity is inversely proportional to the light scattering coefficient as defined by the Kubelka-Munk equations. Results have shown the measurement to be independent of absorption and inversely proportional to particle density in the sample.
Human neutrophil integrin α9β1: up-regulation by cell activation and synergy with β2 integrins during adhesion to endothelium under flow (2010)

Neutrophil beta1 integrin expression and contribution to cell adhesion were revisited in this study. alpha9beta1 and alpha5beta1 appeared here as the main beta1 integrins expressed on the membrane of resting platelet-depleted neutrophils-alpha6beta1 representing <15% and alpha2beta1 undetectable. Neutrophil activation slightly enhanced alpha5 expression, did not change alpha6, but resulted in a two- to threefold increase of alpha9beta1, which then became the major beta1 integrin of the neutrophil membrane. alpha9beta1 was the only beta1 integrin to be up-regulated after transendothelial migration across TNF-alpha-activated HUVECs. As alpha9beta1 binds VCAM-1, we analyzed its participation to neutrophil adhesion to TNF-alpha-activated endothelial cells. Blocking anti-alpha9 mAb had little effect on neutrophil static adhesion, contrasting with the strong inhibition by anti-beta2 mAb. Under flow conditions, the anti-alpha9 mAb had no effect by itself on neutrophil adhesion to activated HUVECs but enhanced the blocking effect of anti-beta2 antibodies significantly and further enhanced the velocity of beta2-blocked rolling neutrophils. In conclusion, we describe here for the first time a nearly exclusive up-regulation of alpha9beta1 expression among all beta1 integrins during neutrophil activation and transendothelial migration and a possibly important synergy between alpha9beta1 and beta2 integrins in stabilizing neutrophil adhesion to endothelium under flow conditions.
Abstract 5264: A prospective study of dietary inflammatory index scores and colorectal cancer risk: The Singapore Chinese Health Study (2018)

Abstract Background. Colorectal cancer (CRC) has increased dramatically in Singapore during the past three decades and becomes the most common cancer when both sexes combined. Extensive evidence shown the specific component of diet may modulate inflammation and thus influence to disease endpoints, including CRC. We determine the association between diet inflammatory index (DII)TM, a literature-derived, population-based score, developed to assess the inflammatory potential of an individual's diet, and CRC risk in Singaporean Chinese, using data from the Singaporean Chinese Health Study (SCHS). Methods. A total of 61,321 SCHS study participants was included in the current analysis. The DII scores were calculated using validated food frequency questionnaires (FFQs). Cox proportional hazards model was performed to assess the association between DII scores and CRC risk. Results. There was a positive association between DII score and CRC risk in females (HRs and respective 95% CIs: 1.30 (1.02-1.64), 1.32 (1.03-1.67), and 1.20 (0.93-1.55) for Q2, Q3, Q4 vs. Q1). DII score was associated with increased risk of colon cancer (HRQ4vsQ1=1.35, 95% CI: 1.08-1.68; Ptrend=0.04) and this association appeared stronger in females. Among never-smokers, the highest quartile of DII was associated with statically significant 43% increased risk of developing CRC in women compared to those in the lowest quartile (HRQ4vsQ1=1.43, 95% CI: 1.01-2.02; Ptrend=0.03). There was also a dose-response association between DII scores with colon cancer in women among those with BMI less than 25 (HRQ4vsQ1=1.66, 95% CI: 1.03-2.68; Ptrend=0.04). Conclusions. Consumption of anti-inflammatory foods will reduce the risk of colorectal cancer, particularly among females and non-smokers. This will have substantial public health impact as prevention program should focus on promoting healthy and anti-inflammatory foods to reduce the risk of colorectal cancer. Citation Format: Hung N. Luu, Renwei Wang, Nittin Shivappa, James R. Hébert, Woon-Puay Koh, Jian-Min Yuan. A prospective study of dietary inflammatory index scores and colorectal cancer risk: The Singapore Chinese Health Study [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2018; 2018 Apr 14-18; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 5264.
Tunable surface emitting THz quantum cascade structure based on cyclotron emission (2012)

International audience
Estimating Phospholipid Membrane–Water Partition Coefficients Using Comprehensive Two-Dimensional Gas Chromatography (2012)

Recent studies have shown that membrane-water partition coefficients of organic chemicals can be used to predict bioaccumulation and type I narcosis toxicity more accurately than the traditional K(OW)-based approach. In this paper, we demonstrate how comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography (GC × GC) can be used to estimate such membrane-water partition coefficients (K(PLW)s), focusing in particular on phosphatidyl choline based lipids. This method performed well for a set of 38 compounds, including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, polychlorinated benzenes and biphenyls, and substituted benzenes including some phenols and anilines. The average difference between the estimated and the measured log K(PLW) values of 0.47 log units is smaller than in the case of a log K(OW) correlation approach but larger than seen using a polyparameter linear free energy relationship based approach. However, the GC × GC based method presents the advantage that it can be applied to mixtures of chemicals that are not completely identified, such as petroleum hydrocarbon mixtures. At the same time, our application of the GC × GC method suffered larger errors when applied to certain hydrogen bonding compounds due to the inability of the GC × GC capillary columns phases that we used to interact with analytes via hydrogen bond donation/electron acceptance.
Modeling and Control of Hybrid Electric Vehicles for Fuel and Emission Reduction (2008)

Control of Hybrid Electric Vehicles (HEVs) is an active research area. Much of the past research focused on one aspect of hybrid vehicle performance–fuel economy. While fuel economy is important for HEVs, reduction of emissions is another major performance of interest, due to ever-tightening emission regulations. Minimization of fuel consumption may have a trickle-down effect but does not guarantee reduced emissions. In fact, over-zealous pursuit of fuel consumption reduction may compromise emission. This paper investigates the emissions formation mechanism, develops an emission model that predicts tail-pipe emissions, and formulates a supervisory control problem of emissions reduction. The Dynamic Programming (DP) technique is employed to solve the optimal control problem of parallel HEVs for both emission reduction and fuel economy. The DP solution of the optimal control problem shows that tail-pipe emissions could be significantly reduced with negligible loss of fuel economy.
Special issue of IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics : Proceedings of the IEEE Virtual Reality Conference 2012 (2012)

Lien sur le site éditeur : http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/tocresult.jsp?isnumber=6165123&punumber=2945
Design & Development of a Large Die and Fine Pitch Wafer-Level Package for Mobile Applications (2006)

Wafer level packaging offers the advantage of chip scale packaging with an efficient production approach. In addition to size, cost and ease of logistics make it as a main stream packaging solution for a single chip. Resulting saving in size, cost has also resulted in limitation of using conventional wafer level packaging for large die size and high IO devices. This paper reports the development of a wafer level package with 440 IOs, 400 microns pitch and 12/spl times/12 mm die size for mobile applications. The package format and IOs are distributed in such way to achieve a clock frequency of 4.8 GHz for digital applications. Package thermal performance has been optimized by incorporating thermal vias and thermal balls. The paper also reports the development of a thin heat pipe with plate pin heat sink and optimization results to meet a 5W power dissipation. Package thermal resistance and cooling solution thermal performance have been measured and correlated with the simulation models. The structural modeling simulated the thermo-mechanical stresses in the package and predicted its characteristic life. The simulated results matched well with the reliability results. The paper also reports the reliability results of the package and especially the performance of the package under drop testing which is critical for mobile applications.
Innentitelbild: Improving Hydrothermal Carbonization by Using Poly(ionic liquid)s (Angew. Chem. 23/2013) (2013)

Zucker lassen sich…︁ …︁ in Gegenwart polymerer ionischer Flüssigkeiten direkt in poröse stickstoffdotierte Kohlenstoffmaterialien überführen. In der Zuschrift auf S. 6144 ff. beschreiben J. Yuan, Y. Wang et al. die Synthese von 20–50 nm großen Kohlenstoffpartikeln sowie die einstufige Synthese von stickstoffdotierten Kohlenstoffmaterialien mit eingebetteten Au-Pd-Kern-Schale-Nanopartikeln.