gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Beyond Antibodies: Development of a Novel Protein Scaffold Based on Human Chaperonin 10 (2016)

Human Chaperonin 10 (hCpn10) was utilised as a novel scaffold for presenting peptides of therapeutic and diagnostic significance. Molecular dynamic simulations and protein sizing analyses identified a peptide linker (P1) optimal for the formation of the quarternary hCpn10 heptamer structure. hCpn10 scaffold displaying peptides targeting Factor VIIa (CE76<sub>-P1</sub>) and CD44 (CP7) were expressed in E. coli. Functional studies of CE76<sub>-P1</sub> indicated nanomolar affinity for Factor VIIa (3 nM) similar to the E-76 peptide (6 nM), with undetectable binding to Factor X. CE76<sub>-P1</sub> was a potent inhibitor of FX activity (via inhibition of Factor VIIa) and prolonged clot formation 4 times longer than achieved by E-76 peptide as determined by prothrombin time (PT) assays. This improvement in clotting function by CE76<sub>-P1</sub>, highlights the advantages of a heptamer-based scaffold for improving avidity by multiple peptide presentation. In another example of hCPn10 utility as a scaffold, CP7 bound to native CD44 overexpressed on cancer cells and bound rCD44 with high affinity (K<sub>D</sub> 9.6 nM). The ability to present various peptides through substitution of the hCpn10 mobile loop demonstrates its utility as a novel protein scaffold.
PAAT: a path to atherosclerosis (2002)

The artery wall consists ofintima, media, and adventitia, the latter gradually transiting into the periadventitial adipose tissue (PAAT). Although many paths lead to atherosclerosis, the prevailing paradigm at present is Russell Ross's response-to-injury hypothesis, which states that atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease. This hypothesis considers the intimal smooth muscle cell proliferation as a key event in the generation, development and complication of atherosclerosis. Thus the potentially important role played by adventitial fibroblasts/myofibroblasts in atherosclerosis and postangioplasty restenosis, suggesting therapeutic perspectives targeted to these particular cells, has been neglected. Here we go further away from the intima, and focus on the potential involvement of PAAT in the process of atherogenesis and angioplasty-induced restenosis. Biomedical Reviews 2002; 13: 63-65.
Nasosorption as a Minimally Invasive Sampling Procedure: Mucosal Viral Load and Inflammation in Primary RSV Bronchiolitis (2017)

Nasosorption allowed measurement of RSV load and the mucosal inflammatory response in infants.
Titanium dioxide fiber saturable absorber for Q-switched fiber lasergeneration in the 1-micrometer region: publisher’s note (2022)

This publisher's note serves to correct an error in Appl. Opt. 58, 3495 (2019)APOPAI0003-693510.1364/AO.58.003495.
Wing-Dimorphism in Cymindis Cribricollis Dejean and C. Neglecta Haldeman (Coleoptera: Carabidae) (2017)

(excerpt) One hundred and forty-nine specimens of Cymindis cribricollis Dejean and fifteen specimens of C. neglecta Haldeman from Quebec were examined for wingdimorphism.
Automated 2-D Cephalometric Analysis on X-ray Images by a Model-Based Approach (2006)

Craniofacial landmark localization and anatomical structure tracing on cephalograms are two important ways to obtain the cephalometric analysis. In order to computerize them in parallel, a model-based approach is proposed to locate 262 craniofacial feature points, including 90 landmarks and 172 auxiliary points. In model training, 12 landmarks are selected as reference points and used to divide every training shape to 10 regions according to the anatomical knowledge; principle components analysis is employed to characterize the region shape variations and the statistical grey profile of every feature point. Locating feature points on an input image is a two-stage procedure. First, we identify the reference landmarks by image processing and pattern matching techniques, so that the shape partition is performed on the input image. Then, for each region, its feature points are located by a modified active shape model. All craniofacial anatomical structures can be traced out by connecting the located points with subdivision curves according to the prior knowledge. Users are permitted to modify the results interactively in many different ways. Experimental results show the advantage and reliability of the proposed method.
Optical and acoustical observations of the effects of ultrasound on contrast agents (1999)

Optimal use of encapsulated microbubbles for ultrasound contrast agents and drug delivery requires an understanding of the complex set of phenomena that affect the contrast agent echo and persistence. With the use of a video microscopy system coupled to either an ultrasound flow phantom or a chamber for insonifying stationary bubbles, we show that ultrasound has significant effects on encapsulated microbubbles. In vitro studies show that a train of ultrasound pulses can alter the structure of an albumin-shelled bubble, initiate various mechanisms of bubble destruction or produce aggregation that changes the echo spectrum. In this analysis, changes observed optically are compared with those observed acoustically for both albumin and lipid-shelled agents. We show that, when insonified with a narrowband pulse at an acoustic pressure of several hundred kPa, a phospholipid-shelled bubble can undergo net radius fluctuations of at least 15%; and an albumin-shelled bubble initially demonstrates constrained expansion and contraction. If the albumin shell contains air, the shell may not initially experience surface tension; therefore, the echo changes more significantly with repeated pulsing. A set of observations of contrast agent destruction is presented, which includes the slow diffusion of gas through the shell and formation of a shell defect followed by rapid diffusion of gas into the surrounding liquid. These observations demonstrate that the low-solubility gas used in these agents can persist for several hundred milliseconds in solution. With the transmission of a high-pulse repetition rate and a low pressure, the echoes from, contrast agents can be affected by secondary radiation force. Secondary radiation force is an attractive force for these experimental conditions, creating aggregates with distinct echo characteristics and extended persistence. The scattered echo from an aggregate is several times stronger and more narrowband than echoes from individual bubbles.
Identification of four classes of brain nicotinic receptors using beta2 mutant mice. (1998)

Although the expression patterns of the neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) subunits thus far described are known, the subunit composition of functional receptors in different brain areas is an ongoing question. Mice lacking the beta2 subunit of the nAChR were used for receptor autoradiography studies and patch-clamp recording in thin brain slices. Four distinct types of nAChRs were identified, expanding on an existing classification [Alkondon M, Albuquerque EX (1993) Diversity of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in rat hippocampal neurons. I. Pharmacological and functional evidence for distinct structural subtypes. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 265:1455-1473.], and tentatively identifying the subunit composition of nAChRs in different brain regions. Type 1 nAChRs bind alpha-bungarotoxin, are not altered in beta2 -/- mice, and contain the alpha7 subunit. Type 2 nAChRs contain the beta2 subunit because they are absent in beta2 -/- mice, bind all nicotinic agonists used with high affinity (excluding alpha-bungarotoxin), have an order of potency for nicotine >> cytisine in electrophysiological experiments, and are likely to be composed of alpha4 beta2 in most brain regions, with other alpha subunits contributing in specific areas. Type 3 nAChRs bind epibatidine with high affinity in equilibrium binding experiments and show that cytisine is as effective as nicotine in electrophysiological experiments; their distribution and persistence in beta2 -/- mice strongly suggest a subunit composition of alpha3 beta4. Type 4 nAChRs bind cytisine and epibatidine with high affinity in equilibrium binding experiments and persist in beta2 -/- mice; cytisine = nicotine in electrophysiological experiments. Type 4 nAChRs also exhibit faster desensitization than type 3 nAChRs at high doses of nicotine. Knock-out animals lacking individual alpha subunits should allow a further dissection of nAChR subclasses.
A semi-adaptive arithmetic coding scheme for Chinese textual data (2002)

This paper presents a compression scheme for Chinese text files. Due to the skewness of the distribution of Chinese ideograms the arithmetic coding method is adopted. To reduce the overhead incurred by the frequency table in the compressed output due to the large number of Chinese ideograms, differential coding and arithmetic coding are used to produce a two-level storage structure for the frequency table. Evaluations of the proposed algorithm against several popular compression schemes show that the compression efficiency is significantly improved. This algorithm should also be applicable to other ideogram-based or oriental language texts.
Guiding the Selection of Processing Additives for Increasing the Efficiency of Bulk Heterojunction Polymeric Solar Cells (2013)

In bulk heterojunction (BHJ) polymeric organic solar cells (OSCs), the use of processing additives in the material formulation has emerged as a promising, cost‐effective, and widely applicable method for optimizing the phase separation between the donor (D) and acceptor (A) materials, thus increasing their efficiency. So far, however, there has been no systematic approach for identifying suitable processing additives for a given D:A system. A method based on the Hansen solubility parameters (HSPs) is proposed for guiding the selection of processing additives for a given D:A combination. The method is applied to the archetypical poly(3‐hexylthiophene) (P3HT) and [6,6]‐phenyl‐C 61 ‐butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) system. The HSPs of these materials are determined and used to define a set of numerical criteria that need to be satisfied by a processing additive in order for it to be effective in realizing a higher efficiency OSC. Applying the selection criteria results in the identification of three novel processing additives. OSCs made of these formulations demonstrate an increase in their short‐circuit current density ( J SC ) and power conversion efficiency (PCE). These results demonstrate the efficiency of these novel processing additives and show that the HSPs represent a useful tool to determine and explore new types of processing additives for BHJ‐OSCs.
Directed Differentiation of Human Embryonic Stem Cells into Prostate Organoids In Vitro and its Perturbation by Low-Dose Bisphenol A Exposure (2015)

Studies using rodent and adult human prostate stem-progenitor cell models suggest that developmental exposure to the endocrine disruptor Bisphenol-A (BPA) can predispose to prostate carcinogenesis with aging. Unknown at present is whether the embryonic human prostate is equally susceptible to BPA during its natural developmental window. To address this unmet need, we herein report the construction of a pioneer in vitro human prostate developmental model to study the effects of BPA. The directed differentiation of human embryonic stem cells (hESC) into prostatic organoids in a spatial system was accomplished with precise temporal control of growth factors and steroids. Activin-induced definitive endoderm was driven to prostate specification by combined exposure to WNT10B and FGF10. Matrigel culture for 20-30 days in medium containing R-Spondin-1, Noggin, EGF, retinoic acid and testosterone was sufficient for mature prostate organoid development. Immunofluorescence and gene expression analysis confirmed that organoids exhibited cytodifferentiation and functional properties of the human prostate. Exposure to 1 nM or 10 nM BPA throughout differentiation culture disturbed early morphogenesis in a dose-dependent manner with 1 nM BPA increasing and 10 nM BPA reducing the number of branched structures formed. While differentiation of branched structures to mature organoids seemed largely unaffected by BPA exposure, the stem-like cell population increased, appearing as focal stem cell nests that have not properly entered lineage commitment rather than the rare isolated stem cells found in normally differentiated structures. These findings provide the first direct evidence that low-dose BPA exposure targets hESC and perturbs morphogenesis as the embryonic cells differentiate towards human prostate organoids, suggesting that the developing human prostate may be susceptible to disruption by in utero BPA exposures.
A Clinical and Biomechanical Study (1980)

Jacobs, Rae R. M.D.; McClain, Oza B.S.; Armstrong, H. James M.D.Editor(s): RADIN, ERIC L. M.D. Author Information
Left-Handed Electrodynamics and Microwave Mesostructures (2001)

Abstract : We have started to investigate the fundamental electromagnetic properties of left-handed mesostructures in order to establish a basic understanding of their electromagnetic properties. Simulations have been performed on left-handed structures using Agilent's high frequency structure simulator. The structures were fabricated and measured in X-band waveguide. They were found to have a passband near 10 GHz. This waveguide technique is less complex than previously published chamber techniques.
A study of electronic interface for MEMS variable optical attenuator (VOA) (2004)

A digital electronics control system design for a Microelectromechanical System (MEMS) Variable Optical Attenuator (VOA) is studied. This MEMS VOA is based on applying voltage to position a moving micro-mirror to control the optical power levels. The digital control system reported in this paper is implemented to operate the MEMS VOA. Here, by use of the proportional integral (PI) controlled system, each VOA module implements the functions as an optical power regulator or optical power equalizer. Moreover, this control system ensures the device with leading performance, stability, reliability and speed, but also fast dynamic response. A more attraction of this electronic control system is its programmability.
Study of ventricular repolarization in patients with myocardial ischemia, using unshielded multichannel magnetocardiography (2002)

Previous work, carried out in magnetically shielded rooms, has demonstrated that multichannel magnetocardiography (MMCG) is useful to detect ventricular repolarization abnormalities in patients (pts) with exercise induced myocardial ischemia. This study was aimed to evaluate the reliability of MMCG for the study of ventricular repolarization abnormalities due to myocardial ischemia, in an unshielded hospital environment, fully equipped for intensive care, as the first step for future investigation of critical pts with acute ischemia or infarction. Quantitative analysis of rest MCG ripolarization parameters was performed according to Hanninen et al. At rest magnetic field orientation of the integral of the second quarter from the Jpoint (ST angle α) was abnormal in 70% of the investigated patients. With present technology, MMCG can be performed also in an unshielded hospital room for intensive care, with quality good enough for non-contact monitoring and imaging of time evolution of acute myocardial ischemia.
Prinomastat, a hydroxamate-based matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor. A novel pharmacological approach for tissue remodelling-related diseases (2000)

Prinomastat (formerly AG3340, Agouron Pharmaceuticals, Inc.) is a potent, selective oral inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase-2, -9, -13 and -14. This peculiar selectivity should represent an advantage for prinomastat in terms of efficacy/tolerability. The drug has been shown to inhibit tumour growth and angiogenesis in a variety of preclinical models, including cancer of colon, breast, lung and intriguingly in melanoma and glioma models. Moreover, the combination of prinomastat and several chemotherapeutic agents was shown to induce additive effects. The drug is currently in Phase III clinical trials for patients with non-small cell lung cancer in combination with paclitaxel and carboplatin, as well as in advanced hormone refractory prostate cancer in combination with mitoxantrone. The most common side effects are musculoskeletal pain and stiffness. These side effects generally cease with treatment interruption. Finally, considering the pathophysiology of MMPs, Agouron is exploring the utility of prinomastat in ophthalmology and dermatology.
Accelerated Motion-Aware MR Imaging via Motion Prediction from K-Space Center (2019)

Motion has been a challenge for magnetic resonance (MR) imaging ever since the MR has been invented. Especially in volumetric imaging of thoracic and abdominal organs, motion-awareness is essential for reducing motion artifacts in the final image. A recently proposed MR imaging approach copes with motion by observing the motion patterns during the acquisition. Repetitive scanning of the k-space center region enables the extraction of the patient motion while acquiring the remaining part of the k-space. Due to highly redundant measurements of the center, the required scanning time of over 11 min and the reconstruction time of 2 h exceed clinical applicability though. We propose an accelerated motion-aware MR imaging method where the motion is inferred from small-sized k-space center patches and an initial training phase during which the characteristic movements are modeled. Thereby, acquisition times are reduced by a factor of almost 2 and reconstruction times by two orders of magnitude. Moreover, we improve the existing motion-aware approach with a systematic temporal shift correction to achieve a sharper image reconstruction. We tested our method on 12 volunteers and scanned their lungs and abdomen under free breathing. We achieved equivalent to higher reconstruction quality using the motion-prediction compared to the slower existing approach.
The Human Antibody Response to the Influenza Virus Neuraminidase Following Infection or Vaccination (2021)

The influenza virus neuraminidase (NA) is primarily involved in the release of progeny viruses from infected cells-a critical role for virus replication. Compared to the immuno-dominant hemagglutinin, there are fewer NA subtypes, and NA experiences a slower rate of antigenic drift and reduced immune selection pressure. Furthermore, NA inhibiting antibodies prevent viral egress, thus preventing viral spread. Anti-NA immunity can lessen disease severity, reduce viral shedding, and decrease viral lung titers in humans and various animal models. As a result, there has been a concerted effort to investigate the possibilities of incorporating immunogenic forms of NA as a vaccine antigen in future vaccine formulations. In this review, we discuss NA-based immunity and describe several human NA-specific monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) that have a broad range of protection. We also review vaccine platforms that are investigating NA antigens in pre-clinical models and their potential use for next-generation influenza virus vaccines. The evidence presented here supports the inclusion of immunogenic NA in future influenza virus vaccines.
Virulence reduction in bacteriophage resistant bacteria (2015)

Bacteriophages can influence the abundance, diversity, and evolution of bacterial communities. Several bacteriophages have been reported to add virulence factors to their host and to increase bacterial virulence. However, lytic bacteriophages can also exert a selective pressure allowing the proliferation of strains with reduced virulence. This reduction can be explained because bacteriophages use structures present on the bacterial surface as receptors, which can be virulence factors in different bacterial species. Therefore, strains with modifications in these receptors will be resistant to bacteriophage infection and may also exhibit reduced virulence. This mini-review summarizes the reports on bacteriophage-resistant strains with reductions in virulence, and it discusses the potential consequences in phage therapy and in the use of bacteriophages to select attenuated strains for vaccines.
APPLICATION OF PARTICLE SWARM OPTIMIZATION ALGORITHM FOR OPTIMAL REACTIVE POWER PLANNING (2007)

This paper investigates the applicability of the particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm to the optimal reactive power planning (ORPP) problem. The paper uses the fuel cost minimization approach to solve the ORPP problem. The problem is decomposed into the real power (P) and the reactive power (Q) optimization subproblems. The P optimization minimizes the operation cost by adjusting P generation, while Q optimization adjusts transformer tap settings. Q generation and VAR source investment minimizes the operation cost and the investment on VARs. The P and Q subproblems are each optimized by the PSO in an iterative manner until the global minimum is obtained. The effectiveness of the proposed PSO is tested on the IEEE 30-bus system and the results are compared with those of evolutionary programming, evolutionary strategy, and linear programming.
Evaluation of a lateral-flow immunoassay for use in monitoring passive transfer of immunoglobulins in calves (2002)

The lateral-flow immunoassay was better at determining the status of passive transfer of immunoglobulins, compared with the refractometry or zinc sulfate turbidity methods. The ability of the lateral-flow immunoassay to provide accurate results should enable clinicians to make immediate management or intervention decisions.
A study of the coherence parameter of the progressive compressive imager based on radon transform (2013)

We have recently introduced a progressive compressing sensing method based on an appropriate sampling scheme of optical Radon projections. By choosing the sampling steps to be of the size of the golden angle new information is optimally acquired with each angular sampling step thus permitting gradual improvement of the reconstructed image. A comparison between the progressive sampling scheme with the conventional one based on uniform sampling is given in terms of their coherence parameter.
A NonStop kernel (1981)

The Tandem NonStop System is a fault-tolerant [1], expandable, and distributed computer system designed expressly for online transaction processing. This paper describes the key primitives of the kernel of the operating system. The first section describes the basic hardware building blocks and introduces their software analogs: processes and messages. Using these primitives, a mechanism that allows fault-tolerant resource access, the process-pair, is described. The paper concludes with some observations on this type of system structure and on actual use of the system.
Single-crystal Raman spectroscopy of the α alums CsM(SO4)2· 12H2O (M = Co or Ir) between 275 and 1200 cm–1 (1992)

Low-temperature polarised single-crystal Raman spectra of CsM(SO4)2·12H2O (M = Co or Ir) have been recorded between 275 and 1200 cm–1. A full assignment of the spectra has been completed, including all the Raman-active internal modes of the tervalent hexaaqua cation [ν1(MO6) 548 (Co) and 554 (Ir), ν2(MO6) 509 (Co) and 540 (Ir) and ν5(MO6) 332 av. (Co) and 314 av. cm–1(Ir)]. The relationship between the wavenumber of the ν1(MO6) mode and the metal–oxygen bond length is significantly different for the tervalent cations of the second- and third-row transition metals than for those of first-row transition metals and Group 13 metals. Solution Raman spectra of [Ir(OH2)6]3+ have enabled determination of ν1(MO6)aq(536 cm–1); the relationship between this value and that obtained at low temperature in the solid state closely follows that found previously for the chromium(III) and rhodium(III) aqua ions. The external modes of water co-ordinated to the tervalent cation are highly sensitive to the alum type, the metal–ligand bond length, and the stereochemistry of water co-ordination and provide additional insight into the metal–water interaction. This, in turn, casts light on the assignment of the external modes to particular molecular motions.