gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An Alumino‐Mannich Reaction of Organoaluminum Reagents, Silylated Amines, and Aldehydes (2018)

A multi-component coupling using organoaluminum reagents, silylated amines, and aldehydes results in the formation of tertiary amines. Both alkenyl- and alkylaluminum reagents undergo reaction with iminium ion substrates for which the corresponding Petasis borono-Mannich reactions are unsuccessful.
Thermodynamic Parameters for the Adsorption of Aromatic Hydrocarbon Vapors at the Gas−Water Interface (2002)

Experimental data on the adsorption of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) at the gas−water interface is lacking. The inverse gas chromatography (IGC) technique with Chromosorb P NAW as the packing support was used to obtain the thermodynamic parameters for the adsorption of three aromatic compounds (benzene, naphthalene, and phenanthrene) at the gas−water interface. The partition constants at different temperatures were measured and used to compute the free energy, enthalpy, and entropy of adsorption using the Gibbs−Helmholtz equation. The enthalpy of adsorption at the gas−water interface for all three compounds was larger than the enthalpy of condensation and the enthalpy of aqueous solvation. This supports the prevailing “critical cluster” model for the dynamics of the transfer of compounds to the gas−water interface. The thermodynamics of adsorption at the gas−solid interface was more favorable than that at the gas−water interface. The partition constant at the gas−water interface was correlated with the subcooled liquid vapor pressure of the PAHs. The possible effect of gas−water partitioning of PAHs upon their wet deposition from the atmosphere is explored theoretically.
Enantioseparation by crystallization using magnetic substrates (2019)

Enantiospecific crystallization of the three amino acids asparagine (Asn), glutamic acid hydrochloride (Glu·HCl) and threonine (Thr), induced by ferromagnetic (FM) substrates, is reported. The FM substrates were prepared by evaporating nickel capped with a thin gold layer on standard silicon wafers. Magnets were positioned underneath the substrate with either their North (N) or South (S) poles pointing up. Asymmetric induction, controlled by the magnetic substrates, was demonstrated for the crystallization of the pure enantiomers and was then extended for the racemic mixtures of Asn and Glu·HCl. In the case of the solution of the pure enantiomers, the l enantiomer was crystallized preferentially at one pole of the magnet and the d enantiomer at the other. Consequently, the racemates of Asn and Glu·HCl undergo separation under the influence of the magnetic substrate. With Thr, however, despite the enantiospecific interactions of the pure enantiomers with the FM, no separation of the emerging crystals could be achieved with the racemates, although they crystallize as conglomerates, implying differences taking place in the crystallization step. The results reported here are not directly related to the magnetic field, but rather to the aligned spins within the ferromagnets. The findings provide a novel method for resolving enantiomers by crystallization and offer a new perspective for a possible role played by magnetic substrates regarding the origin of chirality in nature.
Evaluating automatic syllabification algorithms for English (2007)

Automatic syllabification of words is challenging, not least because the syllable is difficult to define precisely. This task is important for word modelling in the composition process of cocatenative synthesis as well as in automatic speech recognition. There are two broad approaches to perform automatic syllabification: rule-based and data-driven. The rule-based method effectively embodies some theoretical position regarding the syllable, whereas the data-driven paradigm infers ‘new’ syllabifications from examples assumed to be correctly-syllabified already. This paper compares the performance of the two basic approaches. However, it is difficult to determine a correct syllabification in all cases and so to establish the quality of the ‘gold standard’ corpus used either to quantitatively evaluate the output of an automatic algorithm or as the example-set on which data-driven methods crucially depend. Thus, three lexical databases of pre-syllabified words were used. Two of these lexicons hold the same 18,016 words with their corresponding syllabifications coming from independent sources, whereas the third corresponds to the 13,594 words that share the same syl-labifications according to these two sources. As well as one rule-based approach (Fisher’s implementation of Kahn’s syl-labification theory), three data-driven techniques are evaluated: a look-up procedure, an exemplar-based generalization tech-nique, and syllabification by analogy (SbA). The results on the three databases show consistent and robust patterns: the data-driven techniques outperform the rule-based system in word and juncture accuracies by a very significant margin and best results are obtained with SbA.
ChemInform Abstract: New Applications of N‐Acyliminium Precursors: Tetracarbonyliron‐Mediated Stereoselective Alkylations of 5‐(R)‐Isopropoxy‐3‐pyrrolin‐2‐ones (1998)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
MRI for Noninvasive Thermometry (2016)

MRI was recognized for its potential use as a noninvasive in vivo thermometer 30 years ago. Today, the most popular application of MR thermometry is the guidance of thermal therapies for the treatment of cancer and other pathologies. These minimally invasive operations are routinely performed on patients who are not eligible for surgery in approximately 40 medical centers globally. The aim is to deliver or abduct thermal energy in order to cause local tissue necrosis or to sensitize a lesion to chemotherapy or radiotherapy without causing harm to the surrounding healthy tissue. Here we explain the principles of operation of MR thermometry and provide a critical review of the proposed methods, highlighting remaining fundamental and technical issues as well as recent progress. Emphasis is placed on hardware advances (RF receivers) for improved signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) which would lead to better accuracy, spatiotemporal resolution, and precise calibration. We conclude with a general outlook for the field.
Mechanical design of a power-adjustable spectacle lens frame (2011)

Power-adjustable spectacle lenses, based on the Alvarez-Lohmann principle, can be used to provide affordable spectacles for subjective refractive errors measurement and its correction. A new mechanical frame has been designed to maximize the advantages of this technology. The design includes a mechanism to match the interpupillary distance with that of the optical centers of the lenses. The frame can be manufactured using low cost plastic injection molding techniques. A prototype has been built to test the functioning of this mechanical design.
[Roles of airway inflammation in chronic airflow obstruction]. (1999)

Airway inflammation plays a vital role in the pathophysiology of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Chronic airflow obstruction, a hallmark of COPD, is a manifestation of an intricate combination of loss of elastic recoil of the lung, small airway disease, mucus hypersecretion, and airway wall thickening/contraction. Airway inflammation appears to contribute to all of these components.
Straight, bent and twisted intramolecular charge separated states as seen by time-resolved microwave conductivity (TRMC) (1993)

Abstract
Treatment beyond progression with immune checkpoint inhibitors in advanced melanoma. (2021)

e21541 Background: Immunotherapy (ITH) holds the possibility of tumor burden decrease after initial RECIST defined progression (PD). Clinical concept of treating of selected patients (pts) beyond PD is supported by this pseudoprogression phenomenon. The aim of this study was to evaluate real-life practice and outcomes related to treatment beyond progression (TBP) in melanoma patients. Methods: We evaluated advanced melanoma pts who started anti-PD1 treatment between 12/2015 and 12/2018 and identified pts who received TBP and had subsequent imaging to evaluate the tumor burden. Survival analyses were performed using the Kaplan-Meier method, Log-rank, chi-square and Fisher exact tests were used for comparison between groups. Data cut-off was 02/2021. Results: Of 399 subsequent melanoma pts treated, 57 (14%) patients received TBP. Anti-PD1 was 1st line treatment in 61.4% and 2nd line - in 38.6% of patients. 71.9% patients were diagnosed with skin, 7.0% - mucosal and 21.1% with FPI melanoma and 47.4% were BRAF mutated, 56.1% were male and 12.3% had 3 or more metastatic sites at treatment initiation. In this cohort median time to 1st PD (TTFP) was 4.43 months(m), while to 2nd PD (TTSP) – 8.01 m. On TBP 26.3% pts achieved objective response (OR), and next 42.1% - SD. 1st PD was reported most often as increase in 3 or more targets or one new lesion – both 22.8%; and in 24.6% cases involved central nervous system. In 56.8% second PD was observed in the same targets as 1st PD. 61.4% patients received multimodal treatment of ITH combined with radiation therapy – in 49.1%, surgery - 5.3% and both - 7.0%. There was no correlation of TTSP with gender, ECOG, initial disease stage or TNM, BRAF mutation, number of metastatic sites or pattern of progression. Multimodal treatment resulted in 13.6 m TTSP, while ITH alone - 8.0 m (p = 0.056). 1st line OR correlated with DCR on TBP while TTFP &gt; 6 m correlated with TTSP (HR = 0.53, 95%CI 0.28-0.99). Patients with 1st line CR – had median TTSP 16.4 m, with PR – 23.5 m, while those with PD – 5.1 m. Median OS after 1st PD was 26 months and correlated with OR on TBP. Conclusions: Selected clinically fit melanoma patients despite evidence of first radiographic progression may benefit from continued treatment with PD-1 inhibitors. Multidisciplinary treatment should be offered to these patients including radiosurgery or stereotactic radiotherapy of progressing loci. Molecular biomarkers of TTSP should be analyzed in prospective studies.
Resource policing to support fine-grain cycle stealing in networks of workstations (2004)

We present the design, implementation, and performance evaluation of a suite of resource policing mechanisms that allow guest processes to efficiently and unobtrusively exploit otherwise idle workstation resources. Unlike traditional policies that harvest cycles only from unused machines, we employ fine-grained cycle stealing to exploit resources even from machines that have active users. We developed a suite of kernel extensions that enable these policies to operate without significantly impacting host processes: 1) a new starvation-level CPU priority for guest jobs, 2) a new page replacement policy that imposes hard bounds on physical memory usage by guest processes, and 3) a new I/O scheduling mechanism called rate windows that throttle guest processes' usage of I/O and network bandwidth. We evaluate both the individual impacts of each mechanism, and their utility for our fine-grain cycle stealing.
Three-dimensional macrocyclic encapsulation reactions. II. Synthesis and properties of nonoctahedral clathro chelates derived from tris(2-aldoximo-6-pyridyl)phosphine and boron trifluoride or tetrafluoroborate (1971)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThree-dimensional macrocyclic encapsulation reactions. II. Synthesis and properties of nonoctahedral clathro chelates derived from tris(2-aldoximo-6-pyridyl)phosphine and boron trifluoride or tetrafluoroborateJ. E. Parks, B. E. Wagner, and R. H. HolmCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1971, 10, 11, 2472–2478Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1971Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1971https://doi.org/10.1021/ic50105a021RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views576Altmetric-Citations66LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (907 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Detecting Sequence Homology at the Gene Cluster Level with MultiGeneBlast (2013)

The genes encoding many biomolecular systems and pathways are genomically organized in operons or gene clusters. With MultiGeneBlast, we provide a user-friendly and effective tool to perform homology searches with operons or gene clusters as basic units, instead of single genes. The contextualization offered by MultiGeneBlast allows users to get a better understanding of the function, evolutionary history, and practical applications of such genomic regions. The tool is fully equipped with applications to generate search databases from GenBank or from the user's own sequence data. Finally, an architecture search mode allows searching for gene clusters with novel configurations, by detecting genomic regions with any user-specified combination of genes. Sources, precompiled binaries, and a graphical tutorial of MultiGeneBlast are freely available from http://multigeneblast.sourceforge.net/.
Location-Aware and Safer Cards: Enhancing RFID Security and Privacy via Location Sensing (2012)

In this paper, we report on a new approach for enhancing security and privacy in certain RFID applications whereby location or location-related information (such as speed) can serve as a legitimate access context. Examples of these applications include access cards, toll cards, credit cards, and other payment tokens. We show that location awareness can be used by both tags and back-end servers for defending against unauthorized reading and relay attacks on RFID systems. On the tag side, we design a location-aware selective unlocking mechanism using which tags can selectively respond to reader interrogations rather than doing so promiscuously. On the server side, we design a location-aware secure transaction verification scheme that allows a bank server to decide whether to approve or deny a payment transaction and detect a specific type of relay attack involving malicious readers. The premise of our work is a current technological advancement that can enable RFID tags with low-cost location (GPS) sensing capabilities. Unlike prior research on this subject, our defenses do not rely on auxiliary devices or require any explicit user involvement.
Synthetic Approaches to Cyclodisilazanes and Branched Silazanes (2004)

The syntheses of cyclosilazanes and branched silazanes from silylamines are described. The silylamines are deprotonated with 2 equiv of n-BuLi and then undergo a rearrangement to give 1,3-dilithium silylamides. After reaction with 1 equiv of a chlorosilane, the monolithiated compound can either react with another equivalent of chlorosilane to give a branched silazane or undergo an intramolecular cyclization to give a cyclodisilazane. The cyclization reaction is quite general and can be used to synthesize a number of new silyl-substituted cyclodisilazanes in good to excellent yields.
Newborn ethical dilemmas: intensive care and intermediate care nursing attitudes. (1984)

A self-administered questionnaire concerning various neonatal ethical issues was completed by 39 ICU and 36 intermediate care unit (INT) nurses. Guttman scale analysis indicated that ICU nurses were more reluctant than INT nurses to resuscitate certain high-risk newborn infants. Work experience and a stated religious preference accentuated an INT nurse's disinclination to resuscitate high-risk babies. ICU nurses were more likely than INT nurses to favor passive and active euthanasia. Further, ICU nurses were more likely than INT nurses to view termination of life support for a sick infant as a necessity. ICU nurses were less likely than INT nurses to favor physician intervention in the care of all acutely sick neonates. ICU and INT nurses agreed, however, that the decision to terminate a baby's life support should be made jointly by the child's parents and physicians. Although differences in ICU and INT nursing attitudes may reflect quantitative and qualitative differences in work experience, these findings suggest a common need for emotional support and continuing education programs for nurses who care for high-risk newborns.
In re United States Catholic Conference (USCC) [6 September 1989]. (1989)

The US Court of Appeals for the 2nd Circuit held that the plaintiffs, abortion rights supporters, did not have standing to challenge the tax-exempt status of the Catholic Church under the US tax laws. It ruled that they had shown no personalized or particularized injury despite their strongly held pro-choice views. The plaintiffs had argued that the Church's anti-abortion activities constituted political activities of such a nature as to remove the Church's tax-exempt status.
Surface grafting modification of fibrous silicates with polyvinylpyrrolidone and its application in nanocomposites (2008)

Abstract Chemical surface modification of fibrous silicate with polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) or its derivates via grafting‐from and grafting‐to methods was investigated. The grafting‐from method was based on the immobilization of reactive end functional groups of silane coupling agents on silicate surface, followed by chain growth via radical polymerization of N ‐vinylpyrrolidone (NVP) to form grafted polymers with different molecular weight. In the grafting‐to method, a novel copolymer PVP‐171 with side functionalized groups and designed molecular weight was synthesized by radical polymerization of NVP and vinyltrimethoxysilane (DB171) and then bonded to the surface of fibrous silicates. Evidences from FTIR, XPS, TGA, and BET test indicate that there are ∼ 68,000 reactive sites per square meters on the surface with the grafted vinyl concentration of 59 mequiv per 100 g of clay. XRD patterns and SEM images demonstrate that grafting modification was bound on the silicate surface and make the surface rough with the increase of graft‐loading quantity. In contrast with grafting‐to approach, grafting‐from approach facilitates the dispersion of silicates in PET composites. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009
Negative activation energy and dielectric signatures of excitons and excitonic Mott transitions in quantum confined laser structures (2016)

Mostly, optical spectroscopies are used to investigate the physics of excitons, whereas their electrical evidences are hardly explored. Here, we examined a forward bias activated differential capacitance response of GaInP/AlGaInP based multi-quantum well laser diodes to trace the presence of excitons using electrical measurements. Occurrence of “negative activation energy” after light emission is understood as thermodynamical signature of steady state excitonic population under intermediate range of carrier injections. Similar corroborative results are also observed in an InGaAs/GaAs quantum dot laser structure grown by molecular beam epitaxy. With increasing biases, the measured differential capacitance response slowly vanishes. This represents gradual Mott transition of an excitonic phase into an electron-hole plasma in a GaInP/AlGaInP laser diode. This is further substantiated by more and more exponentially looking shapes of high energy tails in electroluminescence spectra with increasing forward bias, which originates from a growing non-degenerate population of free electrons and holes. Such an experimental correlation between electrical and optical properties of excitons can be used to advance the next generation excitonic devices.
Design and implementation of a real-time underwater acoustic telemetry system for fish behavior study and environmental sensing (2019)

Underwater acoustic telemetry is an important tool for studying the behavior of aquatic animals and assessing the environmental impact of man-made structures such as hydropower turbines. However, the current design of acoustic telemetry systems lack the ability to transmit collected data continuously in real-time and requires manual retrieval of the recorded measurements, leading to a long delay of data retrieval, high operational cost associated with manpower as well as safety risk for the operators. In addition, there is no efficient way to monitor the status of the acoustic telemetry system, including acoustic transmitters and receivers. For example, if multiple receivers in an array fail, the detection efficiency could be significantly reduced. Herein, we developed a cloud-based, real-time underwater acoustic telemetry system that can be used to estimate behavior or survival of tagged aquatic animals and monitor environmental parameters in near-real-time (< 2 hours). The system incorporates microcontrollers and integrated circuits to create real-time data communication and processing units with a cloud-based service that processes the transmitted data stream to derive behavior and survival information of the tagged animals.
In situTEM observation of decomposition of high-purity sapphire (2009)

Abstract The decomposition of α-Al2O3 under 200 keV electron irradiation has been investigated by in situ high-resolution electron microscopy (HREM). It was confirmed that aluminium precipitated from α-Al2O3 under 200 keV electron irradiation for less than 1 min over the temperature range from 700 to 1273 K. The electron dose rate was of the order of 1023 e m−2 s−1 and the vacuum level of the microscope was better than 10−6 Pa. The mechanisms of α-Al2O3 decomposition were discussed based on two possible decomposition models: the thermally activated atom movement and the forced atom displacement. Keywords: aluminaelectron irradiationphase transformationselectron microscopy Acknowledgements A part of this work was supported by ‘Nanotechnology Network Project of the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT), Japan’ at the Research Center for Ultrahigh Voltage Electron Microscopy, Osaka University (Handai multi-functional Nano-Foundry). Also a part of this work was supported by Priority Assistance for the Formation of Worldwide Reowned Centers of Research - The Global COE Program (Project: Center of Excellence for Advanced Structural and Functional Materials Design) from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT), Japan. The authors would like to thank Mr A. Yabuuchi for part of calculation in the present work.