gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Predatory Bacteria can Reduce Pseudomonas aeruginosa Induced Corneal Perforation and Proliferation in a Rabbit Keratitis Model (2023)

Abstract Purpose Pseudomonas aeruginosa keratitis is a severe ocular infection that can lead to perforation of the cornea. In this study we evaluated the role of bacterial quorum sensing in generating corneal perforation and bacterial proliferation and tested whether co-injection of the predatory bacteria Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus could alter the clinical outcome. P. aeruginosa with lasR mutations were observed among keratitis isolates from a study collecting samples from India, so an isogenic lasR mutant strain of P. aeruginosa was included. Methods Rabbit corneas were intracorneally infected with P. aeruginosa strain PA14 or an isogenic Δ lasR mutant and co-injected with PBS or B. bacteriovorus . After 24 h, eyes were evaluated for clinical signs of infection. Samples were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy, optical coherence tomography, sectioned for histology, and corneas were homogenized for CFU enumeration and for inflammatory cytokines. Results We observed that 54% of corneas infected by wild-type PA14 presented with a corneal perforation (n=24), whereas only 4% of PA14 infected corneas that were co-infected with B. bacteriovorus perforate (n=25). Wild-type P. aeruginosa proliferation was reduced 7-fold in the predatory bacteria treated eyes. The Δ lasR mutant was less able to proliferate compared to the wild-type, but was largely unaffected by B. bacteriovorus . Conclusion These studies indicate a role for bacterial quorum sensing in the ability of P. aeruginosa to proliferate and cause perforation of the rabbit cornea. Additionally, this study suggests that predatory bacteria can reduce the virulence of P. aeruginosa in an ocular prophylaxis model.
Vector Field Plot (2005)

Abstract Longitudinal data are often analyzed using a series of dynamic simultaneous equations. A slope field plots the expected change in one variable with respect to another variable for ranges of each of these variables. A vector field plots the expected changes in variables with respect to each other and with respect to time. A statistical slope field or a statistical vector field offers a similar display, but are exploratory graphs generated from raw data and include information about the variations due to sampling.
Utilizing Combinatorial Testing on Discrete Event Simulation Models for Sustainable Manufacturing (2009)

This paper describes how combinatorial testing using covering arrays can be implemented to optimize discrete event simulation models of manufacturing systems for measures of sustainability. Discrete event simulation models often have hundreds of parameters and many test values for each parameter. Generally the interactions between the parameter-values are not well understood; this can lead to sub-optimization of the system. Most optimization engines and software for discrete event simulation packages use full factorial designs, which require many runs and hence a lot of computation time. In this paper we introduce combinatorial testing using a test-suite generation tool called NIST-ACTS (National Institute of Standards and Technology - Advanced Combinatorial Test Suites) to dramatically decrease the number of runs required to detect the interactions and determine an optimal solution.
A Multi-Layer Approach for Improving the Scalability of Vehicular Ad-Hoc Networks (2007)

Abstract. Inter-Vehicle Communication (IVC) and its diverse possibilities for telematics and on-line safety applications have led to great interest in both acade-mia and industry. Especially the broadcast-based dissemination of automatically generated, local danger warning messages in such networks bears huge potential to increase both driver safety and comfort. However, the shared wireless medium that is used for the data exchange may quickly become overloaded. To enable inter-vehicular networks that work properly in case of varying network load and vehicle density, novel approaches must be defined that ensure the reliable and timely delivery of highly relevant messages. In this work, we propose a holistic framework that spans over both the application and the MAC layer and facilitates the scalability of VANETs by introducing information differentiation. We present diverse strategies to modify the packet broadcast sequence as well as the MAC functionality according to the benefit which messages are expected to provide to adjacent network nodes. A comprehensive simulation setup is leveraged to prove the advantages of our concept. 1
DC Link Bus Design for High Frequency High Temperature Applications - Poster. (2019)

Abstract not provided.
Glucokinase and Glycemic Disease: From Basics to Novel Therapeutics (2004)

The glucose-phosphorylating enzyme glucokinase (also known as hexokinase IV) plays a preeminent role as a glucose sensor and regulatory metabolic enzyme. The implications of this central position of glucokinase for the understanding and treatment of diabetes mellitus are far reaching. This book addresses the molecular and human genetic, as well
Statistical Distortion of Supervised Learning Predictions in Optical Microscopy Induced by Image Compression (2021)

Abstract The growth of data throughput in optical microscopy has triggered the extensive use of supervised learning (SL) models on compressed datasets for automated analysis. Investigating the effects of image compression on SL predictions is therefore pivotal to assess their reliability, especially for clinical use.We quantify the statistical distortions induced by compression through the comparison of predictions on compressed data to the raw predictive uncertainty, numerically estimated from the raw noise statistics measured via sensor calibration. Predictions on cell segmentation parameters are altered by up to 15% and more than 10 standard deviations after 16-to-8 bits pixel depth reduction and 10:1 JPEG compression. JPEG formats with higher compression ratios show significantly larger distortions. Interestingly, a recent metrologically accurate algorithm, offering up to 10:1 compression ratio, provides a prediction spread equivalent to that stemming from raw noise. The method described here allows to set a lower bound to the predictive uncertainty of a SL task and can be generalized to determine the statistical distortions originated from a variety of processing pipelines in AI-assisted fields.
Comparison of experimental and numerical investigation on a jet in a supersonic cross-flow (2006)

Abstract Flow interaction of three different jet configurations ejecting air from a flat plate into a supersonic cross flow were investigated experimentally and numerically. The test conditions encompassed a jet pressure ratio of P oj , P ∞ = 100 at a Mach number of M ∞ = 5 and Reynolds number of about Re ∞ = 25 × 10 6 based on the length of the flat plate. The investigated test cases are: a) single jet; b) four jets positioned in-line in main flow direction; c) four jets positioned side-by-side in spanwise direction. The prediction of the overall flow phenomena as occurring within the interaction area was in fair agreement with the experiments, although quantitatively differences occur that will be discussed in the paper. The results of the comparison are presented and the experimental data are used to validate the applied code.
Opportunistic pulmonary strongyloidiasis complicating asthma treated with steroids. (1976)

A man aged 57 years who had lived most of his life in London, suffered from asthma which had begun during army service in Burma 37 years previously. Latterly he was treated with increasing doses of corticosteroids but his symptoms continued to worsen and he died of asthma. Necropsy revealed a heavy opportunistic infection of the bronchi and lungs by the nematode Strongyloides stercoralis which he had presumably acquired while on service abroad. The case illustrates the need, even in non-endemic areas, to suspect opportunistic pulmonary strongyloidiasis when a patient's asthma worsens despite treatment with increasing doses of corticosteroids. Although it is a potentially lethal iatrogenic opportunistic infection, it is amenable to treatment with anthelminthic agents if recognized in time.
Treatment of wine distillery wastewater by high rate anaerobic digestion (2007)

Wine distillery wastewaters (WDW) are acidic and have a high content of potential organic pollutants. This causes high chemical oxygen demand (COD) values. Polyphenols constitute a significant portion of this COD, and limit the efficiency of biological treatment of WDWs. WDW starting parameters were as follows: pH 3.83, 4,185 mg/l soluble COD (COD(s)) and 674.6 mg/l of phenols. During operation, amendments of CaCO3 and K2HPO4, individually or in combination, were required for buffering the digester. Volatile fatty acid concentrations were < 300 mg/l throughout the study, indicating degradation of organic acids present. Mean COD(s) removal efficiency for the 130 day study was 87%, while the mean polyphenol, removal efficiency was 63%. Addition of 50 mg/l Fe(3+) between days 86 and 92 increased the removal efficiencies of COD(s) to 97% and of polyphenols to 65%. Addition of Co(3+) improved removal efficiencies to 97% for COD(s) and 92% for polyphenols. Optimization of anaerobic treatment was achieved at 30% WDW feed strength. Removal efficiencies of 92% and 84% were recorded at increased feed strength from days 108 to 130. High removal efficiencies of COD(s) and polyphenols after day 82 were attributed to the addition of macronutrients and micronutrients that caused pH stability and thus stimulated microbial activity.
Contribution a l'etude des facteurs de croissance et de differenciation du pancreas endocrine. Role de l'hormone de croissance et de facteurs de differenciation des cellules neuronales dans le developpement des ilots de langerhans (1994)

Notre laboratoire est interesse par la comprehension des mecanismes qui controlent la croissance et la differenciation des cellules beta du pancreas endocrine, les cellules qui synthetisent l'insuline. Notre travail a ete consacre d'une part a l'etude de facteurs de croissance des cellules beta tels que l'hormone de croissance et la prolactine et d'autre part a montrer que les facteurs impliques dans la differenciation et la survie des cellules neuronales pourraient avoir un role dans le developpement du pancreas endocrine. Nos resultats utilisant l'autoradiographie quantitative sur des coupes de pancreas nous permettaient de conclure a l'existence d'une liaison specifique de l'hormone de croissance humaine sur les ilots de langerhans, cette liaison presentait des caracteristiques cinetiques compatibles avec un role in vivo. Ces sites de liaison etaient presents sur la cellule beta. La specificite de ces sites de liaison etait lactogenique suggerant un role important de la prolactine sur la cellule beta. Bien que les cellules insulaires ne derivent pas de la crete neurale, elles partagent avec les neurones certaines molecules. Pour examiner plus avant cette relation, nous nous sommes demandes si des molecules importantes pour la differenciation et la survie des neurones tels le nerve growth factor (ngf), la laminine et la fetuine pouvaient induire des effets phenotypiques sur des cellules secretrices d'insuline en culture, et si les effets du ngf etaient dus au meme appareil de transduction et a l'activation des memes genes de reponse precoce que l'effet du ngf sur les cellules pc12, derivees d'un pheochromocytome de rat. En conclusion, certaines lignees de cellules insulino-secretrices, les cellules rinm5f ont le potentiel de developper sous l'influence du ngf des prolongements cytoplasmiques qui, parce qu'ils contiennent des neurofilaments, peuvent etre rapproches des prolongements neuronaux. Les recepteurs de haute et basse affinite au ngf sont non seulement exprimes par des lignees de cellules insulaires mais aussi par des cellules insulaires foetales en culture primaire. L'appareil de transduction du signal cree par l'adjonction de ngf est fonctionnel dans ces cellules. Ces recepteurs peuvent etre ajoutes a la liste des marqueurs neuronaux presents sur les cellules beta du pancreas. Ces cellules constituent donc un nouveau modele d'etudes des actions du ngf. L'importance de ces resultats, la signification physiologique de la presence de ces recepteurs restent a elucider. Ce travail est a notre connaissance le premier qui suggere que les facteurs de croissance nerveux pourraient jouer un role dans la differenciation precoce et la croissance du pancreas endocrine
Soluble ICAM-1 reduces leukocyte adhesion to vascular endothelium in ischemia-reperfusion injury in mice (1998)

Ischemia-reperfusion injury is a pathogenic factor in the course of many clinical disorders, such as myocardial infarction, stroke, organ transplantation, burns, and circulatory shock. The extent of ischemia-reperfusion injury is dependent on the number of infiltrating leukocytes. With in vivo microscopy, we evaluated the effect of the recombinant form of soluble murine intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) on ischemia-reperfusion injury in an animal model. A mesenteric vein was occluded with a clamp for 45 min. During a reperfusion period of 30 min, the number of leukocytes rolling along the endothelium and the number of adherent leukocytes were measured with and without pretreatment with recombinant ICAM-1. The number of leukocytes rolling along the endothelial surface increased more than twofold during postischemic perfusion (P < 0.05). Recombinant ICAM-1 had no effect on leukocyte rolling. In the control group, firm adherence of leukocytes was increased 10-fold. Recombinant ICAM-1 dose dependently reduced firm adhesion to the endothelium in response to prior ischemia. After 30 min, reperfusion pretreatment with recombinant ICAM-1 inhibited leukocyte adherence from 512 +/- 123 to 166 +/- 34 leukocytes/mm2 (P < 0.01). We demonstrate here for the first time that soluble recombinant ICAM-1 is able to reduce leukocyte adherence to mesenteric venules in postischemic reperfusion injury dose dependently. Because soluble ICAM-1 is naturally circulating in human serum, the therapeutic use of soluble recombinant forms of ICAM-1 may represent a physiological way to protect against ischemiareperfusion injury.
MOS Scaling: Transistor Challenges for the 21st Century (1998)

Conventional scaling of gate oxide thickness, source/drain extension (SDE), junction depths, and gate lengths have enabled MOS gate dimensions to be reduced from 10mm in the 1970’s to a present day size of 0.1mm. To enable transistor scaling into the 21st century, new solutions such as high dielectric constant materials for gate insulation and shallow, ultra low resistivity junctions need to be developed. In this paper, for the first time, key scaling limits are quantified for MOS transistors (see Table 1). We show that traditional SiO2 gate dielectrics will reach fundamental leakage limits, due to tunneling, for an effective electrical thickness below 2.3 nm. Experimental data and simulations are used to show that although conventional scaling of junction depths is still possible, increased resistance for junction depths below 30 nm results in performance degradation. Because of these limits, it will not be possible to further improve short channel effects. This will result in either unacceptable off-state leakage currents or strongly degraded device performance for gate lengths below 0.10mm. MOS transistor limits will be reached for 0.13mm process technologies in production during 2002. Because of these problems, new solutions will need to be developed for continued transistor scaling. We discuss some of the proposed solutions including high dielectric constant gate materials and alternate device architectures.
Evaluation of Performance of Pulp-Ball-Based Deodorants. (1993)

Both sulfonic acid and carboxyl groups were introduced onto the pulp ball by radiation-induced graft polymerization. The resultant grafted material sorbed ammonia gas due to neutralization. Con centration decay of ammonia gas was determined in a closed vessel, and apparent sorption capacity of gas was calculated as integration of repeated deodration. Superioriy of the grafted deodorant was demonstrated in comparison with three commercial products and an activated carbon.
Generation of Mature Murine Monocytes from Heterogeneous Bone Marrow and Description of Their Properties (2011)

Monocytes are involved in a wide range of physiological and pathological processes, many of which are studied in mouse models. Current protocols to isolate murine monocytes are few and result in unsatisfactory cell yield and purity. Here, we describe a novel approach to efficiently differentiate large numbers of mature inflammatory monocytes from heterogeneous bone marrow cell suspensions. Bone marrow cell suspensions were isolated by flushing femurs and tibias from Balb/c and C57Bl/6 mice, supplemented with macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF), and were cultured on ultra-low attachment surfaces to inhibit adherence-mediated maturation. Cells were harvested at indicated time points, underwent time-line analysis of the differentiation processes, and were subsequently extensively phenotyped to verify their monocytotic properties. In order to confirm downstream compatibility, we tested for typical monocyte behavior. Our protocol yielded 24 ± 6 × 10(6) differentiated cells per donor mouse, 10-fold higher than yields obtained using previously described peripheral blood isolation methods. Differentiated cells consisted of approximately 47% ± 12% monocytes, the rest being mature macrophages. We increased monocyte purity to 86% ± 6% by depleting adherent macrophages. Our findings indicate that bone marrow-derived monocytes (BMDMs) are an attractive tool to study, for example, the innate and adaptive immune system, atherosclerosis, and cellular migration during infection. Moreover, BMDM transplantation could be used to test novel, therapeutic in vivo approaches in mice disease models.
MINERALS WITH METAL-ORGANIC FRAMEWORK STRUCTURES (2016)

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are an increasingly important family of advanced materials based on open, nanometer-scale metal-organic architectures, whose design and synthesis are based on the directed assembly of carefully designed subunits.We now demonstrate an unexpected link between mineralogy and MOF chemistry by discovering that the rare organic minerals stepanovite and zhemchuzhnikovite exhibit structures found in well-established magnetic and proton-conducting metal oxalate MOFs.Structures of stepanovite and zhemchuzhnikovite, exhibiting almost nanometer-wide and guest-filled apertures and channels, respectively, change the perspective of MOFs as exclusively artificial materials and represent, so far, unique examples of open framework architectures in organic minerals.
Structure and Function ofClostridium BotulinumProgenitor Toxin (1999)

AbstractClostridium botulinum strains produce seven immunologically distinct neurotoxins (NTX), type A to G. the NTXs associate with nontoxic components in cultures, and become large complexes with three forms (12S, 16S, and 19S) designated progenitor toxins. the 12S toxin consists of a NTX and a nontoxic component having no hemagglutinin (HA) activity (described here as non-toxic non-HA, NTNH), and the 16S and 19S toxins are formed by conjugation of the 12S toxin with HA. Based on the genetic-and protein chemical-analyses of the progenitor toxins it became clear that 1) the HA consists of four subcomponents namely HA1 (Mr. 33–35 kDa), HA2 (15–17 kDa), HA3a (19–23 kDa), and HA3b (52–53 kDa), 2) the genes coding for NTX (ntx), NTNH (ntnh), and HA (ha) occur as a cluster; ha lies just upstream of ntnh, and ntx lies just downstream of ntnh, 3) ha is in the opposite orientation from that of ntnh and ntx, 4) ha consists of three ORFs (ha1, ha2, and ha3), 5) the gene product (70 kDa) of ha3 is split into HA3a and HA3b after translation, 6) HA3a is cleaved at several different sites of its N-terminal region to form proteins with slightly different Mrs, 7) the 19S toxin is a dimer of 16S toxin crosslinked by HA1, 8) the NTNHs of type A to D 12S toxins have a cleavage(s) on their N-terminal regions. It also became clear that the HA plays an important role when the 16S (and 19S) toxin is absorbed from the small intestine.Key Words: Clostridium botulinumBotulinum toxinToxin geneProgenitor toxinHemaggulutinin
Supplementary Figure Legend from Prolongation of Overall Survival in Advanced Lung Adenocarcinoma Patients with the XAGE1 (GAGED2a) Antibody (2023)

Supplementary Figure Legend from Prolongation of Overall Survival in Advanced Lung Adenocarcinoma Patients with the XAGE1 (GAGED2a) Antibody
Implementing Online Natural Gradient Learning: Problems and Solutions (2006)

The online natural gradient learning is an efficient algorithm to resolve the slow learning speed and poor performance of the standard gradient descent method. However, there are several problems to implement this algorithm. In this paper, we proposed a new algorithm to solve these problems and then compared the new algorithm with other known algorithms for online learning, including Almeida-Langlois-Amaral-Plakhov algorithm (ALAP), Vario-eta, local adaptive learning rate and learning with momentum etc., using sample data sets from Proben1 and normalized handwritten digits, automatically scanned from envelopes by the U.S. Postal Services. The strong and weak points of these algorithms were analyzed and tested empirically. We found out that using the online training error as the criterion to determine whether the learning rate should be changed or not is not appropriate and our new algorithm has better performance than other existing online algorithms.
Robot-assisted skull base surgery (2007)

We created an image-guided robot system to assist with skull base drilling by integrating our Steady Hand Robot with a Medtronic StealthStationreg Navigation System via its Stealthlink portal. The objective of this procedure is to create a opening in the skull base to allow access for neurosurgical interventions such as aneurysm clipping or tumor biopsy. The motivation for introducing an image-guided robot is to improve safety by preventing the surgeon from violating critical structures during the drilling procedure. Our approach is to attach the cutting tool to the robot end-effector and operate the robot in a cooperative control mode, where robot motion is determined from the forces and torques applied by the surgeon. We employ "virtual fixtures" to constrain the motion of the cutting tool so that it remains in the safe zone that was defined on a preoperative CT scan. This paper presents the system design and the results of phantom experiments performed with a synthetic skull.
Kinetic inductance microstrip delay lines (1987)

Microstrip delay lines employing the phenomenon of Kinetic inductance have several potential advantages for analog signal processing. These properties will be discussed and contrasted with other delay line technologies. Several kinetic inductance microstrip delay lines have been fabricated using niobium, niobium nitride and various dielectrics. These devices have been measured with both transient and time harmonic signals. The results of these tests are compared to theoretical predictions and some estimation of expected device performance is made.