gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Final overall survival (OS) analysis of an international randomized trial evaluating bevacizumab (BEV) in the primary treatment of advanced ovarian cancer: A NRG oncology/Gynecologic Oncology Group (GOG) study. (2018)

5517 Background: GOG 0218 is a double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3 randomized trial studying chemotherapy with and without concurrent BEV, and with concurrent BEV followed by maintenance BEV for advanced stage ovarian carcinoma. In 2010, at a median follow-up of 17.4 months (m), the trial met its primary endpoint demonstrating improvement in progression-free survival (PFS) for patients receiving BEV with and following chemotherapy compared to chemotherapy alone: median PFS 14.1 vs 10.3m, respectively; HR 0.717; 95% CI, 0.625-0.824; p < 0.001 [Burger RA, et al N Engl J Med 2011]. With extended follow-up, we report on the key secondary endpoint, final OS. Methods: 1,873 women with newly diagnosed, incompletely resected stage III or stage IV ovarian cancer received six 21-day cycles of carboplatin (AUC 6) IV and paclitaxel (175 mg/m2 BSA) IV chemotherapy alone (control) vs chemotherapy plus BEV (15 mg/kg body weight) IV cycles 2-6 (BEV-initiation) vs chemotherapy plus BEV cycles 2-22 (BEV-throughout). OS was analyzed in the intention-to-treat (ITT) population. The database was locked on Jan. 17, 2018 at a median follow-up of 102.9m. Results: After 1,491 (79.6%) deaths, 204 patients (10.9%) are alive with a progression event, and 178 (9.5%) are alive without progression. Comparing BEV-throughout to control, the hazard of death (HR) is 0.96; 95% CI, 0.85-1.09; p = 0.53. For BEV-initiation vs control, HR is 1.06; 95% CI, 0.94-1.20; p = 0.34. The relative HR for stage IV patients was reduced for BEV-throughout compared to control (HR 0.774). While the median survival times for stage IV control and stage IV bevacizumab-initiation were 32.6 and 34.5 mos., respectively, the median OS (42.8m) for stage IV BEV-throughout patients was similar to the median OS (control, 44.3m; BEV-initiation, 42.9m; BEV-throughout, 44.2m) of stage III patients. Conclusions: In the ITT analysis, there were no survival differences between patients receiving BEV compared to chemotherapy alone. Patients with FIGO stage IV disease may derive a survival advantage from BEV when administered with and following front-line chemotherapy. Clinical trial information: NCT00262847.
Structure determination of stochastic media from scattering experiments* (2009)

The classic method for determining the structure of crystalline media from X-ray and neutron diffraction experiments is generalized to determine the correlation functions of scattering potentials of stationary random media from scattering experiments.
Neuropsychological characteristics of subjects with and without neocortical Alz-50 immunoreactivity. (1989)

We performed quantitative histopathology and Alz-50 staining on 8 non-demented and 16 demented subjects who had received yearly neuropsychological evaluations as part of prospective studies of dementia. Of the 8 non-demented subjects, four had begun to show signs of cognitive decline on serial neuropsychological testing. These subjects showed marked decline on the Fuld Object Memory Evaluation, a test of recent memory. Scores on IQ tests and the Blessed test of orientation, memory, and concentration showed fluctuations but not consistent declines. These old-old, retired subjects were called "cognitively impaired" but not demented because they did not show decline in activities of daily living or social interactions. Five of the non-demented subjects had numerous cortical senile plaques and met standard pathological criteria for Alzheimer's disease (AD), but only one of the five was Alz-50 positive. That subject had shown the most consistent decline on neuropsychological scores. Ten of 11 clinically demented subjects with pathological evidence of AD were Alz-50 positive. All five clinically demented subjects with non-Alzheimer dementias on pathological examination were Alz-50 negative. Alz-50 may stain plaques found in AD, but not stain plaques which accompany aging. The cognitive impairment found in the Alz-50 negative subjects may be age-associated and not indicate early AD.
ChemInform Abstract: MECHANISMUS UND STRUKTUR VON REDUKTIONSPRODUKTEN 35. MITT. REDUKTION VON 3,5‐DINITRO‐PYRIDYL‐(2)‐DERIVATEN MIT NATRIUMBORHYDRID 2. MITT. ANWENDUNG VON PMR‐SPEKTROSKOPIE FUER STRUKTURPROBLEME (1970)

Abstract Der Mechanismus der Reduktion des Pyridins (I) zum Tetrahydroderivat (II) wird durch Reaktion mit NaBH 4 bzw. NaBD 4 in Wasser bzw. D 2 O aufgeklärt.
A Dinosaur Nest in the Jurassic Morrison Formation, Western Colorado (1991)

Abstract Discovery of dinosaur eggshell fragments in a predominantly mudstone layer 125 ft (38 m) below the top of the Salt Wash Member of the Jurassic Morrison Formation in Delta County, Colorado has led to the identification of a dinosaur nest (containing one crushed but nearly complete egg and thousands of eggshell shards) believed to be the oldest known dinosaur nest in the Northern Hemisphere (153 to 156 m.y.). Laboratory dissection of the nest has revealed the presence of a microcosm of tiny complete and fragmentary plant and animal remains that are the residue of materials used in constructing the nest and in feeding its juvenile inhabitants. The microscopic plant remains include silicified and carbonized wood fragments and tiny stems, charophytes, and a few minute agatized seeds (possibly angiosperm). Microscopic animal remains include various types of eggshell, assorted teeth, fragments of carapaces, a wide variety of bone fragments, some ossified tendons, and a few gastroliths (?), apparently documenting the consumption of embryonic and juvenile turtles, lizards, crocodiles, dinosaurs, pterosaurs, birds, and mammals. Also present are ostracodes, pieces of snail and clam shells, and many worm casts. In addition there are three types of tiny black carbonate bodies of unknown affinities. These minute fossils make this a most important locality for microvertebrates and microflora. The nest, built on the bank of a small stream, shows evidence of repeated occupancy. Its builders are not known with certainty, but the nature of the organic debris in the nest suggests that it was one of the small carnivorous coelurosaurs (allosaurids), possibly Ornitholestes hermanni, the “egg robber” characterized by small conical piercing teeth.
Inward-facing conformation of glutamate transporters as revealed by their inverted-topology structural repeats (2009)

Glutamate transporters regulate synaptic concentrations of this neurotransmitter by coupling its flux to that of sodium and other cations. Available crystal structures of an archeal homologue of these transporters, GltPh, resemble an extracellular-facing state, in which the bound substrate is occluded only by a small helical hairpin segment called HP2. However, a pathway to the cytoplasmic side of the membrane is not clearly apparent. We previously modeled an alternate state of a transporter from the neurotransmitter:sodium symporter family, which has an entirely different fold, solely on the presence of inverted-topology structural repeats. In GltPh, we identified two distinct sets of inverted-topology repeats and used these repeats to model an inward-facing conformation of the protein. To test this model, we introduced pairs of cysteines into the neuronal glutamate transporter EAAC1, at positions that are >27 A apart in the crystal structures of GltPh, but approximately = 10 A apart in the inward-facing model. Transport by these mutants was activated by pretreatment with the reducing agent dithithreitol. Subsequent treatment with the oxidizing agent copper(II)(1,10-phenantroline)(3) abolished this activation. The inhibition of transport was potentiated under conditions thought to promote the inward-facing conformation of the transporter. By contrast, the inhibition was reduced in the presence of the nontransportable substrate analogue D,L-threo-beta-benzyloxyaspartate, which favors the outward-facing conformation. Other conformation-sensitive accessibility measurements are also accommodated by our inward-facing model. These results suggest that the inclusion of inverted-topology repeats in transporters may provide a general solution to the requirement for two symmetry-related states in a single protein.
Postsynaptic Potentiation of Corticospinal Projecting Neurons in the Anterior Cingulate Cortex after Nerve Injury (2014)

Long-term potentiation (LTP) is the key cellular mechanism for physiological learning and pathological chronic pain. In the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), postsynaptic recruitment or modification of AMPA receptor (AMPAR) GluA1 contribute to the expression of LTP. Here we report that pyramidal cells in the deep layers of the ACC send direct descending projecting terminals to the dorsal horn of the spinal cord (lamina I-III). After peripheral nerve injury, these projection cells are activated, and postsynaptic excitatory responses of these descending projecting neurons were significantly enhanced. Newly recruited AMPARs contribute to the potentiated synaptic transmission of cingulate neurons. PKA-dependent phosphorylation of GluA1 is important, since enhanced synaptic transmission was abolished in GluA1 phosphorylation site serine-845 mutant mice. Our findings provide strong evidence that peripheral nerve injury induce long-term enhancement of cortical-spinal projecting cells in the ACC. Direct top-down projection system provides rapid and profound modulation of spinal sensory transmission, including painful information. Inhibiting cortical top-down descending facilitation may serve as a novel target for treating neuropathic pain.
Nucleation of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes (2003)

The nucleation pathway for single-wall carbon nanotubes on a metal surface is demonstrated by a series of total energy calculations using density functional theory. Incorporation of pentagons at an early stage of nucleation is energetically favorable as they reduce the number of dangling bonds and facilitate curvature of the structure and bonding to the metal. In the presence of the metal surface, nucleation of a closed cap or a capped single-wall carbon nanotube is overwhelmingly favored compared to any structure with dangling bonds or to a fullerene.
Apremilast for the treatment of psoriatic arthritis (2015)

Psoriatic arthritis (PsA) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the joints that occurs in patients with psoriasis. The spectrum of PsA includes arthritis, dactylitis, enthesitis, axial involvement, and skin lesions. Non-biologic disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs) such as methotrexate and leflunomide, and biologic DMARDs such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF) antagonists and ustekinumab, have been used to treat PsA. Apremilast is a novel therapy that inhibits phosphodiesterase 4, increases intracellular cAMP levels, and modulates expression of inflammatory mediators in favor of anti-inflammatory activity. It decreases the pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-17, and IL-23 and increases the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 under certain conditions. One phase II and four phase III clinical trials as well as long-term extension studies showed significant and sustained clinical efficacy and an adequate safety profile for apremilast in patients with active psoriatic arthritis.
Utility of platelet function analyzer as a screening tool for the diagnosis of Von Willebrand disease in adolescents with menorrhagia (2013)

Based on our results, PFA-100® was not sufficiently sensitive to detect RCoF values <50 IU/dl with normal multimer patterns in teen-aged women with menorrhagia. We conclude that in the setting of adolescent menorrhagia, PFA-100® does not have utility as an initial screening test for the diagnosis of VWD and in particular, low VWF and that clinicians need to be aware of this limitation of PFA-100® while evaluating adolescents with menorrhagia.
3-Sulfonyl-1-carba-1-dethiacephems (1989)

The stability of the 1-carba-1-dethiacephalosporin framework has allowed the synthesis of a range of 3-sulfonyl-1-carba-1-dethiacephems unavailable for a variety of reasons in the cephem arena. The known p-nitrobenzyl 7 beta-(phenoxyacetamido)-3-[[(trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl]oxy]-1-carba -1- dethia-3-cephem-4-carboxylate served as a precursor to this series of compounds. Displacement of the enol triflate with various sulfinates in acetonitrile or DMF and deprotection of the intermediates led to 7 beta-[(2-amino-4-thiazolyl)(methoxyimino)acetyl]amino]- 3-[alkyl(aryl)sulfonyl]-1-carba-1-dethia-3-cephem-4-carboxyl ic acids. The 3-sulfonyl-1-carba-1-dethiacephems display potent activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. The following MIC's (microgram/mL) for the 3-cyclopropyl sulfone are representative: Staphylococcus aureus = 4, Streptococcus pyogenes = 1, Haemophilus influenzae = 0.25, Escherichia coli = 0.03, Enterobacter cloacae = 0.25, Proteus rettgeri = 0.25. The excellent in vitro antibacterial activity of this series indicates the potential of the carbacephalosporin framework for exploring substituents which are unknown or which produce unstable cephems.
New iterative time and frequency synchronization scheme for MC-CDMA systems over power-line channels (2004)

International audience
Photoorientation of Polymer Fragments in a System Azo-Polymer-Microporous Glass (1999)

Abstract Anisotropy induction in the azo-polymer introduced into microporous glass under irradiation with polarised UV light is investigated. Practically pure “angular hole burning” mechanism is realised. Influence of the porous matrix on the life-time of cis-isomers, dipol-dipol interaction of polymer side chains, main-chain ordering was established.
Neural Language Correction with Character-Based Attention (2016)

Natural language correction has the potential to help language learners improve their writing skills. While approaches with separate classifiers for different error types have high precision, they do not flexibly handle errors such as redundancy or non-idiomatic phrasing. On the other hand, word and phrase-based machine translation methods are not designed to cope with orthographic errors, and have recently been outpaced by neural models. Motivated by these issues, we present a neural network-based approach to language correction. The core component of our method is an encoder-decoder recurrent neural network with an attention mechanism. By operating at the character level, the network avoids the problem of out-of-vocabulary words. We illustrate the flexibility of our approach on dataset of noisy, user-generated text collected from an English learner forum. When combined with a language model, our method achieves a state-of-the-art $F_{0.5}$-score on the CoNLL 2014 Shared Task. We further demonstrate that training the network on additional data with synthesized errors can improve performance.
Immunosurveillance, interferon, and autophagic networking in cancer: the PRKCI-ULK2 paradigm (2021)

The mechanisms controlling immunosurveillance and immunoevasion often operate simultaneously to the triggering of the oncogenic signaling that results in tumor initiation. The resolution of the balance between anti-cancer immune responses and pro-tumorigenic pathways determines if a tumor cell survives and can remodel the microenvironment to reinforce immunosuppression or is eliminated by the immune system. Cancer cells must endure a toxic and metabolically challenging milieu. In its various forms, autophagy provides a way for transformed cells to survive by promoting catabolism and detoxification. Mounting evidence suggests that the boundaries between cancer immunity and mitogenic and metabolic programs are diffuse, with the same molecules likely serving several diverse roles in immunity and metabolism during tumor initiation and progression. Our recent data provide mechanistic detail and functional relevance of a new paradigm whereby the same signaling elements control immunity and autophagy in cancer.
TBA Studies of Viscoelastic Behavior of Some Glass-Forming Liquids (1978)

The viscoelasticity of some glass-forming liquids was studied by means of the torsional braid analysis (TBA) which consists of measurements of storage and loss elastance in torsional oscillation on a glass braid saturated with a test liquid. The measurements were made along two different paths of temperature variation, slow cooling from room temperature to liquid nitrogen temperature and slow heating from the latter attained by rapid cooling.Tricresyl phosphate and dibutyl sebacate showed only one dispersion corresponding to glass transition and crystallization, respectively. Dimethyl phthalate and dioctyl phthalate showed one dispersion corresponding to crystallization in the slow cooling path, and two dispersions in the slow heating path. Diisooctyl azelate and di-2-ethylhexyl sebacate showed one dispersion corresponding to glass transition in the slow cooling path, and two dispersions in the slow heating path. The rather peculiar behavior observed for the last pair is probably attributed to a wide separation between optimum temperatures for crystal growth and nucleation.
Design and Simulation of Compact Optical Modulators and Switches Based on Si–VO2 –Si Horizontal Slot Waveguides (2017)

In this paper, a horizontal slot Si-VO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> -Si optical waveguide is proposed and its optical properties are investigated. Numerical simulation results show that the effective index and the propagation loss of the proposed waveguide undergo substantial changes upon the VO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> transition from insulating to metallic phase. The effective index and the propagation loss variations of the proposed waveguide are then maximized by optimizing waveguide dimensions. It is shown that 0.226 change in the effective index (Δn <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">eff</sub> = 0.226) and 30 dB/μm change in the propagation loss (Δl <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">dB</sub> = 30 dB/μm) are achievable using the optimum dimensions. These extraordinary variations in waveguide properties recommend the proposed waveguide as an excellent candidate for optical active device realization. To investigate these applications, performance parameters of the proposed waveguide are further studied in terms of the transition speed and the power consumption. In these studies, the VO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> phase transition is assumed to be actuated by applying an electric field. Two examples of optical active devices based on the proposed waveguide are then presented: an electro-absorption modulator and a 1 × 2 directional coupler optical switch. Finite-difference time-domain simulation of the proposed devices shows very high extinction ratio of 21 dB along the ultrasmall propagation length of 1 μm, for the proposed electro-absorption modulator, and high extinction ratios of ~18.5 dB and ~8.6 dB in off- and on-state of the proposed 1 × 2 switch, which has very small length of ~6 μm. Further simulations also show interesting properties of the proposed devices in terms of the power consumption, insertion loss, and bandwidth.
Vaginal Tubal Ligation: The Ultimate Minimally Invasive Procedure and a Literature Review (2013)

Background: Vaginal surgical interval sterilization was first reported in 1934 and has been used throughout the years since. Procedure: The review describes this operation per the experience of the current author. Results: The current author's experience with this procedure were consistent with those noted in the the literature, including such advantages as including short operating time, low failure rates, minimal pain, low blood loss, low cost, and no abdominal scars. Conclusions: At a time in gynecology when “minimally invasive surgery” is emphasized, vaginal interval sterilization should be considered as an ideal type procedure. (J GYNECOL SURG 29:128)
Extracting clinical information from free-text of pathology and operation notes via Chinese natural language processing (2010)

Many of surgical records containing the clinical information are in electronic forms, but a lot of them are still in free-text format in China. In this paper, we have an attempt to extract information with the Nature Language Processing (NLP) approach. The procedure of NLP is made up of three steps. First, given 36 free-text of operation notes, a physician manually annotates the information which he is interested in. Second, we extract the features of the annotated information. Third, several logistic regression models are built. Totally, 14 clinical data are extracted. The NLP tool was tested 364 operation notes. The accuracy of extraction is between 67.3%–96.7%. Our results indicate that the performance of the features we used to build the machine learning is good in extracting useful information from free-text Chinese operation notes for liver cancer. In the future, these features would explored on more broader clinical settings.
Multimodal Integration for Large-Vocabulary Audio-Visual Speech Recognition (2020)

For many small- and medium-vocabulary tasks, audio-visual speech recognition can significantly improve the recognition rates compared to audio-only systems. However, there is still an ongoing debate regarding the best combination strategy for multi-modal information, which should allow for the translation of these gains to large-vocabulary recognition. While an integration at the level of state-posterior probabilities, using dynamic stream weighting, is almost universally helpful for small-vocabulary systems, in large-vocabulary speech recognition, the recognition accuracy remains difficult to improve. In the following, we specifically consider the large-vocabulary task of the LRS2 database, and we investigate a broad range of integration strategies, comparing early integration and end-to-end learning with many versions of hybrid recognition and dynamic stream weighting. One aspect, which is shown to provide much benefit here, is the use of dynamic stream reliability indicators, which allow for hybrid architectures to strongly profit from the inclusion of visual information whenever the audio channel is distorted even slightly.
[Feasibility of bilateral sacrospinous ligament vaginal suspension with a stapler. Prospective studies with the 34 first cases]. (1997)

Bilateral transvaginal sacrospinous ligament suspension with a stapler facilitates the procedure. No post-operative constipation was noted with this method. Our first results are good. The cost of the stappler may limit its extensive use.
Syntheses and models for stereospecific metallocenes (1993)

Abstract Stereospecific, bridged [LL']M(R) + catalysts (L, L' = substituted‐cp, ind, or flu; R = hydrocarbyl) have been prepared by three new synthetic procedures. Propylene polymerizations with our new catalyst synthetic reagents, tris(pentafluorophenyl)boron (F15), magnesium dichloride, and trityl tetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)borate (trityl‐F20) are compared with results obtained with the N, N‐dimethyl‐anilinium‐F20 salt and with methylaluminoxane (MAO). Trimethylaluminium (TMA) or triethylaluminium(TEAL) scavenged poisons in the MAO free polymerizations. The site‐control mechanism is discussed.