gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Interaction of Iron Compounds and Starch Granules (1976)

Abstract The adsorption of several iron compounds by unmodified and modified tapioca, corn and waxy maize starch was studied using transmission electron microscopy and atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Starch was incubated in an iron‐containing solution. After centrifugation the amount of iron remaining in solution was compared to the original concentration to determine the quantity bound by the starch. Only iron in the form of colloidal ferric chloride showed significant binding. Long, cigar shaped structures, probably β‐ferric oxyhydroxide crystals, were seen embedded in the surface of the granule. It is postulated that the oxygen and hydroxide groups surrounding the iron are responsible for binding to the carbohydrate. The study of the interaction of starch and metal compounds may lead to greater insight into methods of fortifying food products.
A New Split-Radix FHT Algorithm for Length- DHTs (2004)

In this paper, a new split-radix fast Hartley transform (FHT) algorithm is proposed for computing the discrete Hartley transform (DHT) of an arbitrary length , where is an odd integer. The basic idea behind the proposed FHT algorithm is that a mixture of radix-2 and radix-8 index maps is used in the decomposition of the DHT. This idea and the use of an efficient in- dexing process lead to a new decomposition different from that of the existing split-radix FHT algorithms, since the existing ones are all based on the use of a mixture of radix-2 and radix-4 index maps. The proposed algorithm reduces substantially the operations such as data transfer, address generation, and twiddle factor evaluation or access to the lookup table, which contribute significantly to the execution time of FHT algorithms. It is shown that the arithmetic complexity (multiplications additions) of the proposed algorithm is, in almost all cases, the same as that of the existing split-radix FHT algorithm for length- DHTs. Since the proposed al- gorithm is expressed in a simple matrix form, it facilitates an easy implementation of the algorithm, and allows for an extension to the multidimensional case. Index Terms—Discrete Hartley transform (DHT), fast Hartley transform (FHT) algorithms, mixed radix, split radix.
Early Diagnosis of Subclinical Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis (2004)

A positive ELISPOT assay result helped diagnose subclinical active tuberculosis in an immunosuppressed patient with a false-negative tuberculin skin test result. Large prospective studies that compare benefits and costs of this alternative to tuberculin skin testing are needed.
Probabilities of triggering and validation in a digital silicon photomultiplier (2014)

A digital silicon photomultiplier (dSiPM) consists of an array of single photon avalanche diodes (SPADs) operating in Geiger-mode. Each SPAD is connected to a dedicated CMOS quenching and digitization circuit. One type of dSiPM is the Digital Photon Counter (DPC) manufactured by Philips Digital Photon Counting (PDPC). Due to the digital architecture of the device, a DPC can be adapted and optimized for different applications through a set of adjustable acquisition parameters. The influence of these parameters must be well understood for the correct use of the sensor. In particular, for applications involving low light intensity, such as in scintillation detectors, it is essential to carefully set all the parameters related to triggering and validation in order to discriminate between noise and true events. The triggering and validation processes in a DPC intrinsically are of a probabilistic nature since their fully digital implementations are based on configurable logic interconnections between groups of SPADs. In this study we develop an analytical model that relates the probability of triggering and validation to the number of fired SPADs in a given event, for some of the available trigger and validation schemes. The model is shown to accurately predict experimental data acquired on a PDPC DPC3200-22-44.
The Use of Predator Scat Analysis in a Mammal Survey at Dartmouth in North-Eastern Victoria. (1976)

The results of a localized mammal survey based on analysis of scats [faeces] of foxes and feral dogs (or dingoes) were compared with those from trapping and direct observation. It was concluded that scat analysis, which is based mainly on identification of mammalian hairs, is a valuable supplement to the conventional techniques used in mammal surveys and that it can provide useful information on the diet of these predators. Its main advantages are that more species can sometimes be detected, field collection is rapid and the scats can be stored and processed at a convenient time, the costs are low and there is no effect on wildlife. The main restriction on use of scat analysis is that it can give only limited information on the ecology of the prey species.
Clinical Application of Novel Therapies for Coronary Angiogenesis: Overview, Challenges, and Prospects (2021)

Cardiovascular diseases continue to be the leading cause of death worldwide, with ischemic heart disease as the most significant contributor. Pharmacological and surgical interventions have improved clinical outcomes, but are unable to ameliorate advanced stages of end-heart failure. Successful preclinical studies of new therapeutic modalities aimed at revascularization have shown short lasting to no effects in the clinical practice. This lack of success may be attributed to current challenges in patient selection, endpoint measurements, comorbidities, and delivery systems. Although challenges remain, the field of therapeutic angiogenesis is evolving, as novel strategies and bioengineering approaches emerge to optimize delivery and efficacy. Here, we describe the structure, vascularization, and regulation of the vascular system with particular attention to the endothelium. We proceed to discuss preclinical and clinical findings and present challenges and future prospects in the field.
Alkaloids from Roots ofStephania rotundaand Their Cholinesterase Inhibitory Activity (2010)

In the course of screening plants used in folk medicine as memory enhancers, a 70% ethanolic extract of Stephania rotunda roots showed significant AChE inhibitory activity. Repeated column chromatography led to the isolation of a new protoberberine alkaloid, which we named stepharotudine (1), and seven known compounds (2-8). The chemical structures of the isolated compounds were elucidated based on extensive 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopic data. Compounds 1-8 were investigated in vitro for their anticholinesterase activity using a rat cortex AChE enzyme.
Examining the Utilisation of Mobile Handheld Devices at an Australian Aged Care Facility. (2004)

The Australian health care system is under increasing pressure to enhance the efficiency, effectiveness and range of the services it provides to increasing numbers of people at a time when available resources are limited.As a result the Australian government has identified the increased use of information and communication technologies (ICTs) as a major solution to address these issues and has initiated programs to support their deployment.By providing increased information access, cost effectiveness and improved information delivery, update and evaluation, the economic case for more ICTs is strong.However, this deployment also raises a number of technical, organisational and end-user challenges.With an ageing population, the aged care sector is now in the front-line of these pressures and is facing a situation where spiralling care costs are compounded by a shortage of suitably qualified staff and a demand for services that far outstrips supply.At present the sector is predominantly paper-based with its revenue generation directly linked to the quantity and quality of the documentation it provides to the government on care delivered by facilities to their residents.In this context, this paper reports on the implementation and evaluation of a wireless handheld clinical care management system at an Aged Care Facility in Launceston Tasmania.This socio-technical trial involved collaboration between researchers from the Smart Internet CRC, Telstra Broadband Laboratories, Cpact Pty ltd (a care management software provider) and Carer staff at an Aged Care facility in Launceston.This trial involved the use handheld computers connected to an 802.11 wireless network itself linked to an ADSL broadband connection and Oracle server.This paper reports on the implementation and evaluates the usefulness of this wireless system in the aged care sector.The evaluation was conducted through the use of qualitative techniques and analyses the impact of this wireless system at a technical level, an organisational level and end user level.Preliminary findings indicate at a technical level handheld devices are robust and can be used clinically within a health care environment, at an organisational level handhelds can assist health professionals to conduct their professional services.At an end-user level the ability to improve the accuracy, quality and quantity of documentation is a significant factor, which potentially leads to more time spent with patients.
Increased longevity of kinetin‐fed Zaprionus fruitflies is accompanied by their reduced fecundity and enhanced catalase activity (1997)

Kinetin, a cytokinin plant growth hormone, retards senescence in plants, delays aging in human cells in culture, slows down development of insects and prolongs their lifespan. We have now observed that the increased longevity of Kn-fed Zaprionus fruitflies was accompanied by an increase in the specific activity of catalase during developmental stages and in adult insects. In addition, the egg laying capacity of Kn-fed fruitflies was reduced drastically as compared with those kept on a normal diet. These results support the view that improved maintenance of the soma and prolongation of its life is achieved at the cost of decreased reproductive activity.
Doppler-Aided Low-Accuracy Strapdown Inertial Navigation System (1982)

This paper presents a covariance analysis of the performance of a Doppler-aided low-accuracy coarsely aligned strapdown inertial navigation system (INS), whose fine alignment takes place automatically in flight. It is shown that the fine alignment in azimuth, which requires turns, consists of in-flight gyro calibration and inflight gyrocompassing. The spacing of the turns is investigated. The influence of several position fixes is examined, and it is shown that they can replace INS turns. It is also shown that the use of magnetic heading reference reduces system errors but is not necessary for the satisfactory performance of the augmented system. Two suboptimal Kalman filters are designed and evaluated. Their small performance degradation with respect to that exhibited by the optimal filter and their low sensitivity to parameter changes is demonstrated by true covariance simulation runs.
Characteristics of the Korean language (2012)

In this chapter, we will provide an overview of the Korean language and briefly discuss its main characteristics. In 1.1, we will discuss the origin, history and distribution of the Korean language; in 1.2, the Korean alphabet and its romanisation will be discussed; 1.3 focuses on the characteristics of the Korean lexicon; in 1.4, the structural characteristics of Korean will be explored; and in 1.5, the socio-pragmatic characteristics of Korean will be discussed.
Complete achromatopsia associated with skeletal anomalies: a new autosomal recessive syndrome. (2004)

Complete achromatopsia associated with skeletal anomalies: a new autosomal recessive syndrome: Achromatopsia or rod monochromatism is the complete absence of color discrimination, with an estimated frequency of 1 in 100,000. To date the McKusick Catalogue includes more than 10 entities related to Achromatopsia. This paper describes four Mexican sibs with a stationary rod monochromatism, associated with long fingers and toes, hypothenar and thenar hypoplasia and pes planus, suggesting a new genetic entity probably inherited in an autosomal recessive mode.
Evaluation of serum interleukin 17 and zinc levels in recalcitrant viral wart (2019)

Both IL-17 and zinc deficiency have a role in the pathogenesis of recalcitrant warts through the imbalance of immune system and deficiency of immune cells. There is no significant correlation between serum levels of IL-17 and zinc, suggesting that they have different mechanisms in affecting the immune system.
New structural determinants for c‐Myc specific heterodimerization with Max and development of a novel homodimeric c‐Myc b‐HLH‐LZ, (2012)

c-Myc must heterodimerize with Max to accomplish its functions as a transcription factor. This specific heterodimerization occurs through the b-HLH-LZ (basic region, helix 1-loop-helix 2-leucine zipper) domains. In fact, many studies have shown that the c-Myc b-HLH-LZ (c-Myc'SH) preferentially forms a heterodimer with the Max b-HLH-LZ (Max'SH). The primary mechanism underlying the specific heterodimerization lies on the destabilization of both homodimers and the formation of a more stable heterodimer. In this regard, it has been widely reported that c-Myc'SH has low solubility and homodimerizes poorly and that repulsions within the LZ domain account for the homodimer instability. Here, we show that replacing one residue in the basic region and one residue in Helix 1 (H(1)) of c-Myc'SH with corresponding residues conserved in b-HLH proteins confers to c-Myc'SH a higher propensity to form a stable homodimer in solution. In stark contrast to the wild-type protein, this double mutant (L362R, R367L) of the c-Myc b-HLH-LZ (c-Myc'RL) shows limited heterodimerization with Max'SH in vitro. In addition, c-Myc'RL forms highly stable and soluble complexes with canonical as well as non-canonical E-box probes. Altogether, our results demonstrate for the first time that structural determinants driving the specific heterodimerization of c-Myc and Max are embedded in the basic region and H(1) of c-Myc and that these can be exploited to engineer a novel homodimeric c-Myc b-HLH-LZ with the ability of binding the E-box sequence autonomously and with high affinity.
High-resolution Mapping of an Aluminium Tolerance Gene Alp in Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) (2007)

No description available
Anatomy, Thorax, Breast (2019)

The anatomy of the breast must be well understood to understand the disorders that affect this organ and develop a plan for breast surgery. When examined, some degree of asymmetry is noted in most breasts. Other deformities include kyphosis, scoliosis, or some type of pectus deformity. The majority of the breast consists of glandular (milk-producing) and fatty tissues. However, the ratio of the glandular to fatty tissue varies among individuals. The breast is heavily influenced by the sex hormone estrogen. As menopause approaches, the levels of estrogen declines which also decreases the glandular tissues.The pectoralis major muscle forms the base of the breast, which extends from the second to sixth rib early in life but may extend to below the sixth rib as the breast matures and sags. The breast is anchored to the pectoralis major fascia by the Cooper ligaments. However, these ligaments are flexible and allow for movements in the breast. In most women, the Cooper ligaments become stretched with time and age, eventually resulting in a ptotic breast. Because of gravity, the lower pole of the breast is fuller than the upper pole. At the lateral edges of the breast, the tail of Spence extends in the axilla.The nipple is usually located just superior to the inframammary crease and is consistently found level along the midclavicular line and the fourth rib.GlandsThe underlying breast is made of glandular (milk-producing) and fatty tissue. The ratio of fat versus glandular varies depending on age, post-menopausal, post-partum, or pregnancy status. At the onset of menopause, a decline in the levels of estrogen results in a decrease in glandular tissue and an increase in fatty tissue.
Pharmacokinetics and metabolism of intravenous pirfenidone in sheep (2008)

Pirfenidone, a promising antifibrotic agent, was administered intravenously to six female sheep at 30 mg/kg. Four sheep received 14C-pirfenidone simultaneously. Plasma and urine were obtained for assay of pirfenidone and its metabolites over two days, and tissues were obtained via necropsy. Samples were analysed for pirfenidone and metabolites using HPLC-MS and flow scintillation spectrometry. Plasma pirfenidone disappeared with first order kinetics with a clearance of 1.2 l/kg/h, half-life of 24 min, and distribution volume of 0.71 l/kg. After 48 h, the organs containing the largest quantity of 14C were lungs, liver and intestinal wall. Tissues with the highest concentration of 14C were lung, kidney, brain, liver, lymph node and adipose. Metabolites found in plasma and urine were hydroxypirfenidone (half-life of 44 min) and carboxypirfenidone. Additional metabolites found in urine were hydroxypirfenidone glucuronide and acetoxypirfenidone. Approximately, 80% of the tracer eventually appeared in the urine, and approximately 50% of it was in the form of identifiable metabolites. Less than 1% of the dose appeared in the urine in the form of the parent drug. Quantitatively, most of the metabolites appeared in the urine within 2 h. Thus, the drug is rapidly and completely metabolized.
Synthesis of 4-Fluorinated UDP-MurNAc Pentapeptide as an Inhibitor of Bacterial Growth (2004)

4-Fluorinated UDP-MurNAc pentapeptide, &lt;b&gt;2&lt;/b&gt;, has been synthesized. In our previous study, UDP-MurNAc pentapeptide analogue &lt;b&gt;1&lt;/b&gt; was found to\nbe incorporated into the bacterial cell wall through biosynthesis. Compound &lt;b&gt;2&lt;/b&gt; showed growth-inhibition activity against Gram-positive bacteria\nwhen it was added to growth media at 0.01 mg/mL.
Population-Based Estimates of Chronic Conditions Affecting Risk for Complications from Coronavirus Disease, United States (2020)

We estimated that 45.4% of US adults are at increased risk for complications from coronavirus disease because of cardiovascular disease, diabetes, respiratory disease, hypertension, or cancer. Rates increased by age, from 19.8% for persons 18-29 years of age to 80.7% for persons >80 years of age, and varied by state, race/ethnicity, health insurance status, and employment.
Nitrogen Nutrition of Containerized Eastern Redcedar. I. Growth, Mineral Nutrient Concentrations, and Carbohydrate Status (1992)

Containerized seedlings of eastern redcedar (Juniperus virginiana L.) were fertilized weekly for 175 days with a solution containing 50 ppm P, 150 ppm K, and either 0, 5, 10, 20, 40, 80, 160, 320, or 640 ppm N. Plant height, stem diameter, and shoot and root dry weights increased asymptotically with applied N; 640 ppm N diminished response. Growth after 175 (height, stem diameter) and 180 (shoot and root dry weights) days was optimal (90% of maximum) at N concentrations of 115, 155, 230, and 105 ppm, respectively, 1.5% foliar N optimized height growth. Foliar concentrations of N, P, and K increased in treated plants over the duration of the experiment, while Ca, Mg, and Mn decreased or remained constant. Starch concentration of fertilized plants decreased sharply after initiation of the experiment, but controls showed little change during the first 120 days. Sucrose concentration remained constant over the summer but increased sharply in late fall. At 180 days, foliar concentrations of starch, sucrose, hexose, N, P, K, and B increased asymptotically with applied N; concentrations of Ca, Mg, and Mn decreased.
Surface Generation Model in Grinding with Effect of Grain Shape and Cutting Speed (2006)

To simulate cutting with abrasive grain in grinding, a random grain shape is modeled. The statistical distribution of the effective rake angles of abrasive grain is obtained by applying Usui’s four models of kinematically admissible velocity fields. The material is removed in the case of complete chip or incomplete chip formation, but is not removed when wall of partial chip or plastic upheaval is generated. Next, residual stock removal by bulging, which occurs due to effect of cutting speed, is presumed. A critical undeformed chip thickness, under which chip forms with great difficulty, is introduced. For further strict modeling, three components of cutting force are evaluated. As a result, a new model of surface generation process in grinding considering upheaval or residual stock removal, which is caused by the effect of grain shape and cutting speed, and of elastic deformation, is proposed.
Dot blot assay for the serotyping of pneumococci (1997)

To simplify the serotyping of Streptococcus pneumoniae, a dot bot assay has been developed and compared with the standard quellung reaction in 1,082 isolates. The technique has been demonstrated to be sensitive, specific, easy to perform, and inexpensive. The dot blot assay could be useful when large numbers of pneumococci have to be studied.
NisB is required for the dehydration and NisC for the lanthionine formation in the post-translational modification of nisin (2002)

Nisin produced by Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis is a 34-residue antibacterial polypeptide and belongs to a group of post-translationally modified peptides, lantibiotics, with dehydrated residues and cyclic amino acids, lanthionines. These modifications are supposed to be made by enzymes encoded by lanB and lanC genes, found only in biosynthetic operons encoding lantibiotics. To analyse the extent of modification, His-tagged nisin precursors were expressed in nisB and nisC mutant strains. The His-tagged nisin precursors were purified from the cytoplasm of the cells, as lack of NisB or NisC activity impaired translocation of the nisin precursor. The purified His-tagged polypeptides were analysed with trypsin digestion followed by nisin bioassay, SDS-PAGE, N-terminal sequencing and mass spectroscopy. According to the results, nisin precursors from the strain lacking NisB activity were totally unmodified, whereas nisin precursors from the strain lacking NisC activity, but having NisB activity, were dehydrated and devoid of normal lanthionine formation. This is the first experimental evidence showing that NisB is required for dehydration and NisC for correct lanthionine formation in nisin maturation.
Prokinetics in Patients with Gastroparesis: A Systematic Analysis (1999)

Most of the available trials have methodological limitations; this limits the conclusions. However, the data suggest that the motilin-agonist erythromycin is superior with regard to the acceleration of gastric emptying, while both erythromycin and domperidone appear to be the most effective with regard to improvements in the symptom score. Additionally, there is a lack of association between changes in gastric emptying times and improvements in symptoms.