gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Reversible Anion Exchange and Catalytic Properties of Two Cationic Metal−Organic Frameworks Based on Cu(I) and Ag(I) (2010)

We report the synthesis and characterization of two Ag(I)/Cu(I)-based cationic metal-organic frameworks and their application in both heterogeneous catalysis and anion exchange. The Cu(I)-based material was designed from our previously reported Ag(I) cationic topology. Both structures consist of cationic layers with pi-pi stacked chains of alternating metal and 4,4'-bipyridine. Alpha,omega-alkanedisulfonate serves as an anionic template, electrostatically bonding to the cationic layers. Due to weak interaction between the sulfonate template and cationic extended framework, both materials display reversible anion exchange for a variety of inorganic species. Indeed, the Ag(I)-based material exhibits highly efficient uptake of permanganate and perrhenate anion trapping, a model for pertechnetate trapping. The materials also display heterogeneous Lewis acidity, likely due to the coordinatively unsaturated metal sites which only bind to two bipy nitrogens and a weak interaction with one sulfonate oxygen. A comparative study on the influence of structure versus size selectivity and reusability for both exchange and catalysis is discussed.
Fertilität nach radikaler Trachelektomie bei Patientinnen mit frühem Zervixkarzinom (2001)

Das Ziel dieser Studie war die Bestimmung der Wertigkeit einer fertilitätserhaltenden Operationstechnik zur Behandlung des frühen Zervixkarzinoms.
Characterization of Telomeric Repeat-Containing RNA (TERRA) localization and protein interactions in Primordial Germ Cells of the mouse (2018)

Telomeres are dynamic nucleoprotein structures capping the physical ends of linear eukaryotic chromosomes. They consist of telomeric DNA repeats (TTAGGG), the shelterin protein complex, and Telomeric Repeat-Containing RNA (TERRA). Proposed TERRA functions are wide-ranging and include telomere maintenance, telomerase inhibition, genomic stability, and alternative lengthening of telomere. However, the role of TERRA in primordial germ cells (PGCs), the embryonic precursors of germ cells, is unknown. Using RNA-fluorescence in situ hybridization (RNA-FISH) we identify TERRA in PGCs soon after these cells have migrated to, and become established in, the developing gonad. RNA-FISH showed the presence of TERRA transcripts in female PGCs at 11.5, 12.5 and 13.5 days post-coitum. In male PGCs, however, TERRA transcripts are observable from 12.5 dpc. Using qPCR we evaluated chromosome-specific TERRA expression, and demonstrated that TERRA levels vary with sex and gestational age, and that transcription of TERRA from specific chromosomes is sexually dimorphic. TERRA interacting proteins were evaluated using Identification of Direct RNA Interacting Proteins (iDRiP) which identified 48 in female and 26 in male protein interactors specifically within nuclear extracts from PGCs at 13.5 dpc. We validated two different proteins the splicing factor, proline- and glutamine-rich (SFPQ) in PGCs and Non-POU domain-containing octamer-binding protein (NONO) in somatic cells. Our results show that, TERRA interacting proteins are determined by sex in both PGCs and somatic cells. Taken together, our data indicate that TERRA expression and interactome during PGC development are regulated in a dynamic fashion that is dependent on gestational age and sex.
Thermosensoric localization of defects in CIS solar modules (2002)

Thermal imaging by an infrared camera is proposed to localize material defects in solar cell modules. The method is demonstrated on two CuInSe/sub 2/ minimodules consisting of 5 and 9 solar cells, respectively. Compared to the optical beam induced current (OBIC) method, the new thermosensoric defect localization (TDL) method is highly sensitive in solar modules and suitable for fabrication control. Shunts in the diode junction and series resistance in the semiconductor layer or the top contact may be differentiated.
SNAPSHOT USA 2020: A second coordinated national camera trap survey of the United States during the COVID‐19 pandemic (2022)

Managing wildlife populations in the face of global change requires regular data on the abundance and distribution of wild animals, but acquiring these over appropriate spatial scales in a sustainable way has proven challenging. Here we present the data from Snapshot USA 2020, a second annual national mammal survey of the USA. This project involved 152 scientists setting camera traps in a standardized protocol at 1485 locations across 103 arrays in 43 states for a total of 52,710 trap-nights of survey effort. Most (58) of these arrays were also sampled during the same months (September and October) in 2019, providing a direct comparison of animal populations in 2 years that includes data from both during and before the COVID-19 pandemic. All data were managed by the eMammal system, with all species identifications checked by at least two reviewers. In total, we recorded 117,415 detections of 78 species of wild mammals, 9236 detections of at least 43 species of birds, 15,851 detections of six domestic animals and 23,825 detections of humans or their vehicles. Spatial differences across arrays explained more variation in the relative abundance than temporal variation across years for all 38 species modeled, although there are examples of significant site-level differences among years for many species. Temporal results show how species allocate their time and can be used to study species interactions, including between humans and wildlife. These data provide a snapshot of the mammal community of the USA for 2020 and will be useful for exploring the drivers of spatial and temporal changes in relative abundance and distribution, and the impacts of species interactions on daily activity patterns. There are no copyright restrictions, and please cite this paper when using these data, or a subset of these data, for publication.
Experimental Evaluation of the Fast-Neutron Passive Collar (FNPC) Performance and Comparison with Scintillation Based Collars (2019)

This report describes a new method for the verification of fresh low enrichment uranium (LEU) fuel assemblies that can reduce International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) inspection time in the field and be completely independent of operator declared burnable poison content. The passive measurement makes unattended mode operation practical, and thus provides the potential for reducing inspector time in the field for future applications. The new simplified passive neutron measurement uses the 238U spontaneous fission in LEU fresh fuel rods to self-interrogate the 235U mass in the neighboring rods. The measured response increases linearly with the increase in the linear density (LD) of 235U. The relatively high efficiency of the passive neutron detector (24%) provides good statistical precision (~ 2%) for the singles, doubles, and triples counting rates in the thermal-neutron mode. The three observables makes possible multiplicity analysis so that both the 235U LD and the effective burnable poison content can be determined independent of the operator declarations. This closes the potential diversion path of miss-declaration the burnable poison content. This report presents the detector design, the as-built system, the detector parameter measurements, the calibration, and the assay uncertainty estimates. The calibration measurements were performed using the Los Alamos Laboratory mockup PWR fuel assembly. The measurements were made in both the fastneutron mode (with Cd/Gd metal liners) and the thermal-neutron mode (no Cd/Gd liners).
Progress of Secure Computation: Basic Constructions and Dedicated Algorithms (2018)

データを隠したまま任意の関数を計算する秘密計算（secure computation）は，1980年代から始まった暗号技術の一大研究分野である．秘密計算を用いれば，例えば個人の病歴は秘匿しつつ健康指導を行ったり，通信内容は秘匿しつつ異常検知を行うなど，今まではプライバシーの問題や企業の秘密のために外に出すことが難しかったデータを，安全に流通させることができる．秘密計算は近年に至るまで，理論研究の発展に比べ，その社会実装は限定的であった．その大きな理由の一つはその計算速度の遅さである．「データを隠しながら計算する」という性質上，データを秘匿するオーバヘッドに加え，通常の計算機で用いるような高速なアルゴリズムを秘密計算ではそのまま用いることができず，結果として秘密計算の計算速度は非常に遅くなってしまっていたのである．しかし近年，計算機やネットワークの性能向上に加え，高速な秘密計算用のアルゴリズムの研究開発が進み，秘密計算の速度は飛躍的に向上し，今正に研究レベルから実用レベルに移ろうとしている．本稿では，この秘密計算について，なぜ秘匿したまま計算ができるのか，その原理を解説するとともに，近年に至るまでの速度向上の取組みについて紹介する．
The effects of interleukin 1 on human B cell activation and proliferation. (1983)

The precise role of B cell surface immunoglobulin (slg) in the activation of B cells is unclear at present. In particular, it is uncertain whether ligands interacting with the B cell slg suffice to induce proliferation, or simply induce a state of activation in which the B cell becomes responsive to growth factors made by accessory cells. We have examined the effects of two ligands, Staphylococcus aureus Cowan strain I (SAC) and antihuman mu chain (anti-mu), which interact with B cell slg on highly purified human peripheral blood and tonsillar B cells cultured at low cell concentrations. The effects on B cell proliferation of these ligands alone or in combination with highly purified interleukin 1 (IL 1) or a supernatant of a human T-T hybridoma containing a B cell growth factor (BCGF) were studied. SAC with its high cell wall content of protein A triggered maximal B cell proliferation which was not increased further by IL 1 or BCGF. High concentrations of soluble F(ab')2 fragments of goat anti-mu chain also induced significant B cell proliferation. Lower concentrations of anti-mu resulted in little or no B cell proliferation but activated the B cell to a state of responsiveness to both IL 1 and BCGF. IL 1 by itself had no effect on the proliferation of unstimulated B cells or on the proliferation of in vivo-activated B cells which responded to BCGF in vitro, but demonstrated clear synergy with low concentrations of anti-mu antibody. BCGF alone augmented the proliferation of unstimulated B cells, presumably by acting on B cells which had undergone some degree of activation in vivo. In addition, it showed marked synergy with anti-mu antibody, which resulted in proliferation similar in magnitude to that induced by SAC. This synergy was far greater than that seen between anti-mu antibody and IL 1, and the resulting proliferative response was only slightly increased by the presence of IL 1. We conclude that the importance of accessory cell factors for the initial rounds of B cell proliferation depends on the strength of the initial slg-mediated activation signal. When this is strong, the response is maximal and independent of accessory cells or accessory cell factors. When it is suboptimal, a moderate synergy is seen with IL 1 and a dramatic synergy with BCGF.
An Elasto-Viscoplastic Constitutive ModelIncorporating Pore Air Compressibility DuringPowder Compression Process (2003)

Abstract A new elasto-viscoplastic constitutive model (PSU-EVP) was developed for predicting a dry powder's mechanical behavior during compaction. The PSU-EVP model was developed in two stages. In the first stage, an elastoplastic model was formulated by using the fundamentals of critical state theory and key elements of the modified Cam-clay model. In the second stage, the elasto-viscoplastic model was formulated using the elastoplastic model developed in the first stage and the approach used by and given in the Adachi and Oka model. Based on these considerations, the PSU-EVP model explicitly incorporates the work done in volumetric compression of pore air during powder compaction. This aspect of the PSU-EVP model is different from the modified Cam-clay model that assumes the interparticle pore space in a powder mass to be filled with fluid. This key feature of the PSU-EVP model helps in isolating the effect of entrapped pore air on the mechanical properties of powders undergoing compression. The key parameter that quantifies the effect of pore air compression is known as the voids compression ratio parameter ( f ). The parameter a varies with pressure and can take on values between 0 and 1. A compatibility parameter (φ) was also proposed to facilitate the explicit computation of the work dissipated during compaction. Incorporation of these new concepts overcomes the major limitations of existing constitutive models. Additionally, the procedure to quantify the various parameters of the PSU-EVP constitutive model is outlined. Keywords: Dry Powder Compression Elasto-viscoplasticity Constitutive Modeling Pore Air Compression Critical State Condition Parameter Determination
The asymptotic behavior of the stable initial manifolds of a system of nonlinear differential equations (1957)

Here we shall show that those solutions of (1.1) whose initial y vector lies on a certain initial manifold, which depends on E and the initial x vector, are very well approximated for small t and E by the corresponding solutions of a boundary layer equation, in which the initial x vector enters as a parameter, associated with (1.1). Moreover, it will also be shown that as E->O+ the stable initial manifolds associated with (1.1) tend to the stable initial manifold associated with the boundary layer equation. Problems of this nature, i.e., problems in which there is a system of differential equations possessing the property that the setting of a parameter equal to zero reduces the order of the system, have been treated under various hypotheses by several authors, e.g., [2; 3; 4; 5; 6 ] and [7 ]. The same hypotheses as in [5 ] will be assumed here. We now state these hypotheses as well as the principal theorem of [5]; this will then serve to introduce the problem and the results of the present paper. Let f=f,(t, x, y, E) be the matrix with ofil/xj in the ith row and jth column and let f,(t) be the matrix f,(t, p(t), q(t), 0). The matrices fy, gx, gy as well as fy(t), gx(t), gy(t) are similarly defined. HI:f, g, fx, fy, gx, gy are continuous in (t, x, y, E) for 0? t< T if I x-p(t)| +|y-q(t)| +E is sufficiently small. H2: There exists a real nonsingular matrix P(t) CC'(O <t ? T) such that
Spatial distribution and abundance of barnacle larvae in Okkirai Bay, northeast Honshu, Japan, a case study of <i>Semibalanus cariosus</i> (Pallas) (2002)

Field surveys were conducted to investigate spatial distribution and abundance of Semibalanus cariosus larvae and to elucidate the retention mechanism of this species within Okkirai Bay (39°05' N, 41°51' E) on the northeast coast of Honshu, Japan. Larvae were collected quantitatively at three shore and five offshore stations. Water temperature, salinity and chlorophyll-a were monitored at the same time. Current velocities for depth of 5m and 28m were measured at two stations 0.5 km off the north and south shores of the bay. Nauplii released during the diatom blooms in 1997 started to return onshore at a high rate about twenty days later under high chlorophyll-a (>1mg/m3) levels and weak northwesterly winds. Nauplii released in 2000 returned to the shore in very limited numbers of cyprids under low chlorophyll-a (<0.6mg/m3) levels and stronger northwesterly winds during the same period. Larval densities in the deep layers (5-40m or 5m-sea bed)) were significantly higher than those at the surface (0-5m). When northwesterly winds prevailed, the surface transport was directed offshore, while the counter current formed in the deep layer was directed inshore. We concluded that the wind driven currents and diatoms (<1mg/m3 of Chl-a) in association with the larval phototactic response are important for the retention of this species on the Sanriku coast.
Structure–Activity Relationship Study of Momordica Saponin II Derivatives as Vaccine Adjuvants (2022)

VSA-2 is a recently developed semisynthetic saponin immunostimulant. It is prepared by incorporating a terminal-functionalized side chain to the branched trisaccharide domain at the C3 position of <i>Momordica</i> saponin II (MS II) isolated from the seeds of perennial <i>Momordica cochinchinensis</i> Spreng. Direct comparison of VSA-2 and the clinically proven saponin adjuvant QS-21 shows that VSA-2 is comparable to QS-21 in enhancing humoral and cellular immune responses. Structure-activity relationship studies show that structural changes in the side chain have a significant impact on saponins' adjuvant activity. However, with the VSA-2 molecular framework intact, the new VSA-2 analogues with various substitution(s) at the terminal benzyl group of the side chain retain the ability of potentiating antigen-specific humoral and cellular responses.
Susceptibility of sheep to experimental co-infection with the ancestral lineage of SARS-CoV-2 and its alpha variant (2021)

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is responsible for a global pandemic that has had significant impacts on human health and economies worldwide. SARS-CoV-2 is highly transmissible and the cause of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in humans. A wide range of animal species have also been shown to be susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 infection by experimental and/or natural infections. Domestic and large cats, mink, ferrets, hamsters, deer mice, white-tailed deer, and non-human primates have been shown to be highly susceptible, whereas other species such as mice, dogs, pigs, and cattle appear to be refractory to infection or have very limited susceptibility. Sheep (Ovis aries) are a commonly farmed domestic ruminant that have not previously been thoroughly investigated for their susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2. Therefore, we performed in vitro and in vivo studies which consisted of infection of ruminant-derived cell cultures and experimental challenge of sheep to investigate their susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2. Our results showed that sheep-derived cell cultures support SARS-CoV-2 replication. Furthermore, experimental challenge of sheep demonstrated limited infection with viral RNA shed in nasal and oral swabs primarily at 1-day post challenge (DPC), and also detected in the respiratory tract and lymphoid tissues at 4 and 8 DPC. Sero-reactivity was also observed in some of the principal infected sheep but not the contact sentinels, indicating that transmission to co-mingled naive sheep was not highly efficient; hovewer, viral RNA was detected in some of the respiratory tract tissues of sentinel animals at 21 DPC. Furthermore, we used challenge inoculum consisting of a mixture of two SARS-CoV-2 isolates, representatives of the ancestral lineage A and the B.1.1.7-like alpha variant of concern (VOC), to study competition of the two virus strains. Our results indicate that sheep show low susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection, and that the alpha VOC outcompeted the ancestral lineage A strain.
Elements of Green's Functions and Propagation: Potentials, Diffusion, and Waves (1989)

Part 1 Introduction: the dirac delta function ordinary differential equations partial differential equations - a preview. Part 2 Potentials: Poisson's equation - introduction - dirichlet problems - Neumann problems - some points of principle. Part 3 Diffusion: the diffusion equation - unbounded space - general theory. Part 4 Waves: the wave equation - general theory - unbounded space - examples. Part 5 The Helmholtz equation and diffraction.
βarrestin-1 regulates DNA repair by acting as an E3-ubiquitin ligase adaptor for 53BP1 (2019)

Cellular DNA is constantly under threat from internal and external insults, consequently multiple pathways have evolved to maintain chromosomal fidelity. Our previous studies revealed that chronic stress, mediated by continuous stimulation of the β<sub>2</sub>-adrenergic-βarrestin-1 signaling axis suppresses activity of the tumor suppressor p53 and impairs genomic integrity. In this pathway, βarrestin-1 (βarr1) acts as a molecular scaffold to promote the binding and degradation of p53 by the E3-ubiquitin ligase, MDM2. We sought to determine whether βarr1 plays additional roles in the repair of DNA damage. Here we demonstrate that in mice βarr1 interacts with p53-binding protein 1 (53BP1) with major consequences for the repair of DNA double-strand breaks. 53BP1 is a principle component of the DNA damage response, and when recruited to the site of double-strand breaks in DNA, 53BP1 plays an important role coordinating repair of these toxic lesions. Here, we report that βarr1 directs 53BP1 degradation by acting as a scaffold for the E3-ubiquitin ligase Rad18. Consequently, knockdown of βarr1 stabilizes 53BP1 augmenting the number of 53BP1 DNA damage repair foci following exposure to ionizing radiation. Accordingly, βarr1 loss leads to a marked increase in irradiation resistance both in cells and in vivo. Thus, βarr1 is an important regulator of double strand break repair, and disruption of the βarr1/53BP1 interaction offers an attractive strategy to protect cells against high levels of exposure to ionizing radiation.
Coding for the photon channel (1979)

Motivated by a recent paper of Pierce, we consider the problem associated with coding for optical communications systems that use photon-counting techniques. Making certain realistic assumptions, we find that external noise sources are negligible, and that channel capacity (measured in nats per photon) is infinite. However, quantum effects made the design of an efficient system at rates above about 5 nats per photon very difficult.
Telomere deficiencies on chromosomes 9p, 15p, 15q and Xp: potential biomarkers for breast cancer risk (2010)

Although telomere dysfunction is a characteristic of breast cancer cells, the relationship between deficiency on individual chromosomal telomeres in normal somatic cells and breast cancer risk has not been characterized. A case-control study was conducted to examine the associations between individual lengths of 92 telomeres in the human genome and the risk of breast cancer in 204 newly diagnosed breast cancer patients and 236 healthy controls. Chromosome arm-specific telomere lengths were measured by telomere quantitative fluorescent in situ hybridization. Unconditional logistic regression was used to estimate the risk associations. This genome-wide screen identified that shorter telomere lengths on chromosomes Xp and 15p were associated with breast cancer risk in pre-menopausal women, with adjusted odds ratios (aORs) of 2.5 (95% CI = 1.3, 4.8) and 2.6 (1.3, 5.0), respectively. The study also revealed that greater length differences between homologous telomeres on chromosomes 9p, 15p and 15q were associated with breast cancer risk in pre-menopausal women, with aORs of 4.6 (2.3, 9.2), 3.1 (1.6, 6.0) and 2.8 (1.4, 5.4), respectively. When the subjects were categorized into quartiles, a dose-response relationship was observed for all of the above telomeres (P-for-trend ≤ 0.005). This study revealed that telomere deficiencies on chromosomes 9p, 15p, 15q and Xp were associated with breast cancer risk in pre-menopausal women. If confirmed in future studies, chromosomal arm-specific telomeres are likely to be a useful panel of blood-based biomarkers for breast cancer risk assessment, given their strong associations with breast cancer risk.
Production of Terretonin N and Butyrolactone I by Thermophilic Aspergillus terreus TM8 Promoted Apoptosis and Cell Death in Human Prostate and Ovarian Cancer Cells (2021)

The anticancer activity of terretonin N (<b>1</b>) and butyrolactone I (<b>2</b>), obtained from the thermophilic fungus <i>Aspergillus terreus</i> TM8, was intensively studied against prostate adenocarcinoma (PC-3) and ovary adenocarcinoma (SKOV3) human cell lines. According to this study, both compounds showed potent cytotoxicity towards ovarian adenocarcinoma cells (SKOV3) with IC<sub>50</sub> 1.2 and 0.6 μg/mL, respectively. With respect to metastatic prostate cells (PC-3), the two compounds <b>1</b> and <b>2</b> showed a significantly promising cytotoxicity effect with IC<sub>50</sub> of 7.4 and 4.5 μg/mL, respectively. The tested fungal metabolites showed higher rates of early and late apoptosis with little or no necrotic apoptotic pathway in all treated prostate adenocarcinoma (PC-3) and ovary adenocarcinoma (SKOV3) human cell lines, respectively. The results reported in this study confirmed the promising biological properties of terretonin N (1) and butyrolactone I (2) as anticancer agents via the induction of cellular apoptosis. However, further studies are needed to elucidate the molecular mechanism by which cellular apoptosis is induced in cancer cells.