gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Finding Adapted Quinones for Harvesting Electrons from Photosynthetic Algae Suspensions (2021)

Abstract Among all the chemical and biotechnological strategies implemented to extract energy from oxygenic photosynthesis, several concern the use of intact photosynthetic organisms (algae, cyanobacteria…). This means rerouting (fully or partially) the electron flow from the photosynthetic chain to an outer collecting electrode thus generating a photocurrent. While diverting photosynthetic electrons from living biological systems is an encouraging approach, this strategy is limited by the need to use an electron shuttle. Redox mediators that are able to interact with an embedded photosynthetic chain are rather scarce. In this respect, exogenous quinones are the most frequently used. Unfortunately, some of them also act as poisoning agents within relatively long timeframes. It thus raises the question of the best quinone. In this work, we use a previously reported electrochemical device to analyze the performance of different quinones. Photocurrents (maximum photocurrent, stability) were measured from suspensions of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii algae/quinones by chronoamperometry and compared to parameters like quinone redox potentials or cytotoxic concentration. From these results, several quinones were synthesized and analyzed in order to find the best compromise between bioelectricity production and toxicity.
Modern dual-mobility cup implanted with an uncemented stem: about 100 cases with 12-year follow-up. (2013)

We report the results of a 12-year follow-up retrospective series of 100 total hip arthroplasties using cementless, press-fit, dual-mobility acetabular cups. The aim of our study was to evaluate the clinical and radiographic results of this acetabular cup at last follow-up. This continuous and homogeneous series included 100 primary total hip arthroplasties performed during the year 2000. The THA combined a Corail® stem (Corail®, Depuy, Warsaw, IN) with a stainless steel Novae Sunfit® (Serf, Decines, France) acetabular cup. Fifteen patients died and 2 were lost to follow-up. Two cases of early dislocation were observed, and 3 cases of aseptic loosening of the acetabular component were reported. The mean stem subsidence was 0.71 mm, the mean craniopodal acetabular migration was 1.37 mm, and the mean medio-lateral acetabular migration was 1.52 mm. The 12-year survivorship is comparable to the data from the literature. The low dislocation rate at 12 years confirms the long-term, high stability of dual mobility, which should be recommended in primary THA for patients at risk for postoperative instability. The absence of true intraprosthetic dislocation events at 12-year follow-up provides evidence of the good quality of the latest generation of polyethylene liners and the necessity of combining thin-mirror, polished femoral necks with dual-mobility cups.
Degranulation of Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum in M Phase and Adenosine-Triphosphate-Treated Interphase Cells Is Reversible (1992)

In the preferential harvesting of rounded mitotic (M phase) cells of human Chang liver monolayer cultures by mechanical agitation in Ca(2+)-free phosphate-buffered saline, degranulation of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) was observed. Mitotic cells are known to have a series of Ca2+ transients and, without being subjected to Ca(2+)-free washings, did not have degranulated ER. Quiescent cells incubated with 0.7 mM adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP) in Ca(2+)-free HEPES-buffered saline produced very similar ER degranulations. Confocal argon laser imaging of fluo-3-loaded cells showed a Ca2+ transient peaking at 2 min after ATP treatment. In the absence of extracellular Ca2+, transients of Ca2+ elevation in the cytosol would exit the cell in a down-gradient, draining the ER Ca2+ stores. Substituting ATP with 1 microM brominated A23187 calcium ionophore in the incubation that contained 1-100 mM CaCl2, respectively, did not produce ER degranulation, thereby excluding raised cytosolic Ca2+ per se as the cause of ER degranulation. In fact, incubation with 0.7 mM ATP in the presence of 1-5 mM CaCl2 failed to produce ER degranulation. ER degranulated cells, from treatment with ATP without extracellular Ca2+ as well as from Ca(2+)-free washings at M phase, could be rescued by subsequent incubation in growth medium that contains Ca2+ whereupon the rounded cells re-flatten (a round-to-flat change) and have well-defined rough ER. It therefore seems possible for Ca2+ depletion, or at least a reduction, to be causally related to ER degranulation. If that were the case, ER granularity would appear to be a facultative rather than a constitutive state.
Stethoscopes in the Statehouse (2010)

From the University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ. Reprints: Ted Louie, MD, 579A Cranbury Road, East Brunswick, NJ 08816. E-mail: [email protected]. The author has no funding or conflicts of interest to disclose.
Health and Aging: Unifying Concepts, Scores, Biomarkers and Pathways (2018)

Despite increasing research efforts, there is a lack of consensus on defining aging or health. To understand the underlying processes, and to foster the development of targeted interventions towards increasing one&amp;rsquo;s health, there is an urgent need: (1) to find a broadly acceptable and useful definition of health, based on a list of features (which may or may not be molecular); (2) to operationalize features of health so that it can be measured; (3) to identify predictive biomarkers and (molecular) pathways of health, and (4) to suggest interventions, such as nutrition and exercise, targeted at putative causal pathways and processes. Based on a survey of the literature, we propose to define health as a state of an individual characterized by the core features of (a) physiological function, (b) cognitive function and (c) physical function, amended, specifically in case of humans, by (d) lack of disease, and by (e) reproductive function. Often used concepts such as lack of frailty, allostatic load, or self-reported health (in case of human), and indices such as the Healthy Aging Index can be viewed as projections or surrogates of our definition. We further define aging as the set of all processes in an individual that reduce its &amp;ldquo;wellbeing&amp;rdquo;, that is, its health or survival or both. We define biomarkers of health by their attribute of predicting future health better than chronological age. We define healthspan pathways as molecular features of health that relate to each other, specifically by belonging to the same molecular pathway. Our conceptual framework may integrate diverse operationalizations of health and guide precision prevention efforts that are a key to reducing the need for medical and nursing care.
Hybrid Sol-Gel Coatings: Smart and Green Materials for Corrosion Mitigation (2016)

Corrosion degradation of materials and metallic structures is one of the major issues that give rise to depreciation of assets, causing great financial outlays in their recovery and or prevention. Therefore, the development of active corrosion protection systems for metallic substrates is an issue of prime importance. The promising properties and wide application range of hybrid sol-gel-derived polymers have attracted significant attention over recent decades. The combination of organic polymers and inorganic materials in a single phase provides exceptional possibilities to tailor electrical, optical, anticorrosive, and mechanical properties for diverse applications. This unlimited design concept has led to the development of hybrid coatings for several applications, such as transparent plastics, glasses, and metals to prevent these substrates from permeation, mechanical abrasion, and corrosion, or even for decorative functions. Nevertheless, the development of new hybrid products requires a basic understanding of the fundamental chemistry, as well as of the parameters that influence the processing techniques, which will briefly be discussed. Additionally, this review will also summarize and discuss the most promising sol-gel coatings for corrosion protection of steel, aluminium, and their alloys conducted at an academic level.
The relationship of egg size and incubation temperature to embryonic development time in univoltine and multivoltine aquatic insects (2000)

1. We used published data to investigate the combined influence of egg size and incubation temperature on embryonic development time for a broad assortment of aquatic insects at four different incubation temperatures (10, 15, 20 and 25 °C). 2. Embryonic development time (EDT) was positively correlated with egg size at each of the four temperatures, but with different relationships for univoltine and multivoltine aquatic insects. The relationships of embryonic development time to egg size expressed in degree‐days did not significantly differ in slope ( P &gt;0.50) or intercept ( P &gt;0.05) for either univoltine or multivoltine aquatic insects at each of the four temperatures. 3. The relationship of embryonic development time (degree‐days) to egg mass in multivoltine aquatic insects (EDT=885×0.19, P &lt;0.0001, r 2=0.48) is similar in slope and intercept to that for other oviparous animals (i.e., zooplankton, fish, amphibians and reptiles), and to the relationship of embryonic development time to neonate mass in mammals. Univoltine species on average require 3–5 times longer to develop (EDT=14190×0.29, P &lt;0.001, r 2=0.29) than most other animals of equivalent egg mass, but the relationship of embryonic development time to egg mass is similar in slope to that of most other animals. Together, these relationships provide a basis for evaluating differences in embryonic development time among aquatic insects.
A single asperity study of Au/Au electrical contacts (2003)

Interfacial force microscopy (IFM) is used to measure the electrical contact properties of electroplated gold thin films of the type used in microelectromechanical system relays. Force and current levels consistent with those present in metal-metal contact switches are examined in an atmospheric-pressure, dry-nitrogen ambient at room temperature, and the nature of a nonmetallic contamination layer which limits contact resistance and lifetime is explicitly examined mechanically, electrically and chemically. The electrical and mechanical properties of the contamination layer on the gold substrate are observed by IFM both before and after being exposed to ozone for an extended period of time. The contamination film is characterized by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry, and found to consist mostly of hydrocarbons; the film remains relatively stable in both composition and thickness following ozonation. However, some subtle chemical changes in the contamination layer induced by the ozonation process are found to profoundly affect the electrical properties of the gold-gold contact, reducing the resistance by more than 3 orders of magnitude and considerably reducing variability in the contact resistance between contact events. These results clearly demonstrate the critical role both positive and negative of the latent contamination present on the contact surfaces.
Copper‐induced release of complexing ligands similar to thiols by Emiliania huxleyi inseawater cultures (1999)

Marine microalgae ( Emiliania huxleyi ) were grown in seawater enriched only with nitrogen and phosphorus, without control of free metal concentrations using synthetic chelators. Complexing ligands and thiol compounds were determined by cathodic stripping volt–ammetry. Copper was added to these cultures, and ligands were produced in response to the copper addition. Parallel measurements of thiols showed that glutathione and other unidentified thiols (electrochemically similar to thioacetamide) were produced by the algae at rates and concentrations similar to those of the complexing ligands. Smaller amounts of thiols were produced when ligands including thiols were added to the culture. The results indicate that thiols can account for a major part or most of the copper–complexing ligands produced by these algae. Furthermore, a feedback mechanism exists in which the production of thiol–type complexing ligands is controlled by the free copper concentration, production already being stimulated by an increase of [Cu 2+ ] from 0.4 to 1.5 pM. Incubations with added exudates, thiols, and salicylaldoxime (SA) showed much reduced copper toxicity even though copper uptake was increased by the exudates and the SA.
How Many Collisions to Slow Down a Neutron? (1985)

The process of neutron slowing down in a nonabsorbing medium is reviewed, and the distinction between average energy or lethargy after n collisions and the average number of collisions to reach a given energy is emphasized. Fermi's remark about neutron slowing down in hydrogen is explained and rederived.
Implant Localization in Human Body Using Adaptive Least-Squares Based Algorithm (2013)

In this study, we focus on the problem of localizing an implant or a capsule device in the human body by a mobile sensor unit using distance measurements. As a particular distance measurement technique, time of flight (TOF) based approach involving ultra wide-band signals is used, noting the important effects of the medium characteristics for different organs and tissue. We propose a least-squares based adaptive algorithm with forgetting factor to estimate the 3-D location of an implant in the human body. After discussing convergence properties of the proposed localization algorithm, we perform simulations to analyze the transient characteristics of the proposed algorithm. Different white Gaussian noises are added to emulate the TOF measurement noises and environmental disturbances, and it is observed that the proposed algorithm is robust to such noises/disturbances. The algorithm is successful in keeping the estimation error at a very low admissible level.
Refutation based recognition to help vowel articulation (2005)

Between speech training and speech recognition, we provide speech teachers with an innovative tool for teaching deaf children how to master the articulation of voiced sounds. Two theoretical aspects of this work are important : <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">\bullet</tex> Phonemes are seen as elements of an organized structure <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">\bullet</tex> The phonetic recognition is based on rejection principles The following developments derive from those two main ideas: <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">\bullet</tex> In a set of N phonemes, a phoneme is defined by N - 1 relations which the N - 1 possible pairs determine. <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">\bullet</tex> In the recognition phase, when confronting two phonemes, the refutation discards the least probable one. Eventually, if a phoneme is never rejected, its label is selected. <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">\bullet</tex> The method valuation takes the types of errors into account when measuring the recognition rate. Last, we describe a speaker independent program (with a high recognition rate) producing an attractive real time feed-back for vowel articulation.
New topologies for photovoltaic-fed single-stage boost inverters (2013)

In photovoltaic-fed applications, boosting the limited output voltage is very essential. Single-stage boost inverters can efficiently be used to interface renewable energy sources. In this paper, different topologies for the boost inverter, namely, (Interleaved, Cascaded, and Hybrid-Cascaded) are proposed with recommended applications for each type. Simulation results elucidate the proposed concepts.
Onion routing access configurations (2002)

Onion Routing is an infrastructure for private communication over a public network. It provides anonymous connections that are strongly resistant to both eavesdropping and traffic analysis. Thus it hides not only the data being sent, but who is talking to whom. Onion Routing's anonymous connections are bidirectional and near real-time, and can be used anywhere a socket connection can be used. Proxy aware applications, such as web browsing and e-mail, require no modification to use Onion Routing, and do so through a series of proxies. Other applications, such as remote login, can also use the system without modification. Access to an onion routing network can be configured in a variety of ways depending on the needs, policies, and facilities of those connecting. This paper describes some of these access configurations and also provides a basic overview of Onion Routing and comparisons with related work.
Tailoring Inorganic Sorbents for SRS Strontium and Actinide Separations: Optimized Monosodium Titanate and Pharmacosiderite Phase I Final Report (2004)

This report summarizes experiments and engineering evaluations conducted in a project funded by the Department of Energy, Office of Environmental Cleanup and Acceleration to develop improved sorbent materials for strontium/actinide separations at SRS. From the results of Phase 1 activities of the project, we offer the following conclusions and recommendations. Chemically modified monosodium titanate (MST) samples exhibited significantly increased actinide removal performance compared to the baseline MST. Testing results indicate that the modified MST offers the possibility of reduced MST concentrations and shorter contact times compared to the baseline MST. Preliminary calculations indicate that the use of the optimized MST sorbent will provide significantly increased waste throughput in the ARP facilities should shorter batch contact times and reduced MST concentrations be realized. The maximum throughput increases are realized using a 0.1-micron pore-size filter media in these facilities. Evaluation of the impacts of incorporating MST into DWPF operations indicates that both the baseline MST and optimized MST (4X decrease) quantities can be accommodated from Chemical Processing Cell (CPC) and glass formulation perspectives. We recommend that the MST materials be tested to determine the effects, if any, that introduction of MST has on slurry rheology, antifoam effectiveness, potential generation of hydrogen and processing time in the CPC. Evaluation of the impacts of MST and titanosilicate analog of pharmacosiderite (TSP) materials determined that the use of these materials showed no significant impacts on the SWPF and Saltstone facility. Based on the promising enhanced actinide removal performance of the chemically modified MST samples, which could have significant positive impacts on the SWPF, ARP and perhaps an in-tank deployment for Sr/actinide removal, we recommend that the Department of Energy continue funding to develop chemically modified MST materials. Dried MST exhibited poorer strontium and alpha removal kinetics, which may adversely impact process cycle times and waste feed throughput. Thus, we recommend that pretreatment facilities not use dried MST. Samples of TSP, sodium nonatitanate (SNT) templated-MST and pH-adjusted MST materials did not exhibit significantly improved strontium and actinide removal performance compared to the baseline MST. Thus, we halted further development of these materials. Nb-SNT exhibited evidence of chemical instability upon contact with strongly alkaline salt solutions for several days. The chemical instability could have significant impacts on downstream operations in the SWPF and DWPF.
Electrospinning of continuous piezoelectric yarns for composite application (2008)

The focus of this research is to electrospin continuous yarns of piezoelectric nanofibers. Incorporating piezoelectric polymer fibers in traditional composites can add sensing and actuation capabilities, which creates a wide array of potential applications. To process nanofibers with piezoelectric properties, we are pursuing the electrospinning of poly (vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) in DMAc. A method of electrospinning on water is used to form the continuous fibers, which are then tested using DSC, XRD, and microscopy. Through this technique, we see evidence that the non-polar &alpha;-phase of PVDF is converted to the polar &beta;-phase, which is responsible for its piezoelectric behavior.
Sepsis-induced human lymphocyte apoptosis and cytokine production in “humanized” mice (2009)

Sepsis is the leading cause of death in critically ill patients in the United States with over 210,000 deaths annually. One stumbling block to an effective therapy of sepsis has been the lack of a clinically relevant animal model. There are important distinctions in the mouse versus human immune system regarding the host response to invading pathogens. These differences may explain the disappointing results in many sepsis clinical trials despite the clear efficacy of these agents in mouse models of sepsis. The purpose of the present study was to develop a "humanized" mouse model of sepsis and to determine if the model recapitulated the major findings of lymphocyte apoptosis and cytokine response that exist in patients with sepsis. Two-day-old NOD-scid IL2rgamma(null) mice received an adoptive transfer of hCD34(+) hematopoietic cord blood stem cells. These mice acquired a functional human innate and adaptive immune system, as evidenced by the development of all lineages of human immune cells as well as by mounting a DTH response. Eight weeks post-transfer, mice were made septic using the highly clinical relevant CLP model of sepsis, and sepsis induced marked elevations in human pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines as well as a dramatic increase in human T and B cell apoptosis. Collectively, these results show that the humanized mouse model recapitulates many of the classic findings in patients with sepsis. Therefore, it represents an advanced, clinically relevant model for mechanistic studies of sepsis and testing of novel therapies.
Robust and replicable measurement for prepulse inhibition of the acoustic startle response (2019)

Abstract Measuring animal behavior in the context of experimental manipulation is critical for modeling and understanding neuro-psychiatric disease. Prepulse inhibition of the acoustic startle response (PPI) is a behavioral paradigm used extensively for this purpose, but the results of PPI studies are often inconsistent. As a result, the utility of this metric remains uncertain. Here we deconstruct the phenomenon of PPI. We first confirm several limitations of the traditional PPI metric, including that the underlying startle response has a non-Gaussian distribution and that the traditional PPI metric changes with different stimulus condition. We then develop a novel model that reveals PPI to be a combination of the previously appreciated scaling of the startle response, as well as a scaling of sound perception. Using our model, we find no evidence for differences in PPI in a rat model of Fragile-X Syndrome (FXS) compared to wild-type controls. These results in the rat provide a reliable methodology that could be used to clarify inconsistent PPI results in mice and humans. In addition, we find robust differences between wild-type male and female rats. Our model allows us to understand the nature of these differences, and we find that both the startle-scaling and sound-scaling components of PPI are a function of the baseline startle response. Males and females differ specifically in the startle-scaling, but not the sound-scaling, component of PPI. These findings establish a robust experimental and analytical approach that has the potential to provide a consistent biomarker of brain function.