gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
JSON Integration in Relational Database Systems (2017)

Recently, a new era of application development is emerging, which us based upon big data technology and the ease of access to compute resources, such as mobile devices. All these issues can be better supported using JSON (and JavaScript) technology. Almost all relational database systems have integrated JSON, partly according to the specification given in the ANSI SQL standard and partly according to other specifications. In this article we discuss several JSON features and investigate how different relational database systems (RDBMSs) have integrated them. Of all database systems discussed in this paper Oracle has implemented the most concepts specified in the ANSI SQL/JSON standard. In contrast to Oracle, PostgreSQL have not implemented any standardized features. Also, we discuss conformance of all these implementations in relation to the ANSI SQL/JSON standard and give suggestions, which important features should be implemented in the future releases of the RDBMSs.
Illusory Attacks: Information-Theoretic Detectability Matters in Adversarial Attacks (2022)

Autonomous agents deployed in the real world need to be robust against adversarial attacks on sensory inputs. Robustifying agent policies requires anticipating the strongest attacks possible. We demonstrate that existing observation-space attacks on reinforcement learning agents have a common weakness: while effective, their lack of information-theoretic detectability constraints makes them detectable using automated means or human inspection. Detectability is undesirable to adversaries as it may trigger security escalations. We introduce ε-illusory, a novel form of adversarial attack on sequential decision-makers that is both effective and of ε-bounded statistical detectability. We propose a novel dual ascent algorithm to learn such attacks end-to-end. Compared to existing attacks, we empirically find ε-illusory to be significantly harder to detect with automated methods, and a small study with human participants (IRB approval under reference R84123/RE001) suggests they are similarly harder to detect for humans. Our findings suggest the need for better anomaly detectors, as well as effective hardware- and system-level defenses. The project website can be found at https://tinyurl.com/illusory-attacks.
Laboratory and Field Age of Aqueous Grape Juice Bait and Capture of Zaprionus indianus (Diptera: Drosophilidae) (2017)

Volatile chemicals produced by actively fermenting aqueous grape juice bait have been found to be highly attractive to the African fig fly, Zaprionus indianus Gupta. This is a highly dynamic system and time period of fermentation is an important factor in bait efficacy. A series of field tests were conducted that evaluated effects of laboratory versus field fermentation and sampling period (days after placement [DAP]) on bait effectiveness as the first step in identifying the chemicals responsible for attraction. Tests of traps with bait that had been aged in the laboratory for 0, 3, 6, and 9 d and then sampled 3 DAP found higher capture in traps with 0- and 3-d-old baits than in traps with 6- or 9-d-old baits. To further define the time period that produced the most attractive baits, a subsequent test evaluated baits aged for 0, 2, 4, and 6 d in the laboratory and sampled after 1-4 DAP, with traps sampled and bait discarded at the end of each DAP period. The highest capture was in traps with 4-d-old bait sampled 1 DAP, with the second best capture in traps with 0-d-old bait sampled 3 DAP. However, there tended to be fewer flies as DAP increased, indicating potential loss of identifiable flies owing to decomposition in the actively fermenting solutions. When traps were sampled and bait recycled daily, the highest capture was in 2- and 4-d-old baits sampled 1 DAP and in 0-d-old baits sampled 2-4 DAP. Similar patterns were observed for capture of nontarget drosophilids.
Evidence That Retinoic Acid Receptor β Induction by Retinoids Is Important for Tumor Cell Growth Inhibition (2000)

Retinoic acid receptor beta (RARbeta) is thought to be involved in suppressing cell growth and tumorigenicity. Many premalignant and malignant cells exhibit a reduced RARbeta expression. However, in some of these cells (e.g. H157 human squamous cell carcinoma cells), RARbeta can be induced by retinoids (e.g. all-trans-retinoic acid, ATRA) because its promoter contains a retinoic acid response element. To examine the hypothesis that RARbeta induction is important for inhibition of cell proliferation by retinoids, we blocked ATRA-induced RARbeta expression in H157 cells using a retroviral vector harboring multiple copies of antisense RARbeta2 sequences. Antisense RARbeta-transfected cells showed not only decreased expression of ATRA-induced RARbeta protein but also reduced ATRA-induced RARE binding activity and transactivation. Importantly, all antisense RARbeta transfectants of H157 cells were less responsive than vector-transfected cells to the growth inhibitory effects of the retinoids ATRA and Ch55 in vitro. These results demonstrate that RARbeta induction may play an important role in mediating growth inhibitory effects of retinoids in cancer cells.
Heart rate variability: a tool to explore the sleeping brain? (2014)

Sleep is divided into two main sleep stages: (1) non-rapid eye movement sleep (non-REMS), characterized among others by reduced global brain activity; and (2) rapid eye movement sleep (REMS), characterized by global brain activity similar to that of wakefulness. Results of heart rate variability (HRV) analysis, which is widely used to explore autonomic modulation, have revealed higher parasympathetic tone during normal non-REMS and a shift toward sympathetic predominance during normal REMS. Moreover, HRV analysis combined with brain imaging has identified close connectivity between autonomic cardiac modulation and activity in brain areas such as the amygdala and insular cortex during REMS, but no connectivity between brain and cardiac activity during non-REMS. There is also some evidence for an association between HRV and dream intensity and emotionality. Following some technical considerations, this review addresses how brain activity during sleep contributes to changes in autonomic cardiac activity, organized into three parts: (1) the knowledge on autonomic cardiac control, (2) differences in brain and autonomic activity between non-REMS and REMS, and (3) the potential of HRV analysis to explore the sleeping brain, and the implications for psychiatric disorders.
RIC: A RAN Intelligent Controller Platform for AI-Enabled Cellular Networks (2021)

With the emergence of 5G, network densification, and richer and more demanding applications, the radio access network (RAN)—a key component of the cellular network infrastructure—will become increasingly complex. To tackle this complexity, it is critical for the RAN to be able to automate the process of deploying, optimizing, and operating while leveraging novel data-driven technologies to ultimately improve the end-user quality of experience. In this article, we disaggregate the traditional monolithic control plane (CP) RAN architecture and introduce a RAN Intelligent Controller (RIC) platform decoupling the control and data planes of the RAN driving an intelligent and continuously evolving radio network by fostering network openness and empowering network intelligence with AI-enabled applications. We provide functional and software architectures of the RIC and discuss its design challenges. We elaborate how the RIC can enable near-real-time network optimization in 5G for the dual-connectivity use case using machine learning control loops. Finally, we provide preliminary results to evaluate the performance of our open-source RIC platform.
Study on the Classification of Mixed Text Based on Conceptual Vector Space Model and Bayes (2009)

Traditional vector-space-based text-classification models are established by calculating the weights of feature words on the lexical level. In such models, words are independent on one another and their semantic relations are unrevealed. This paper proposes a vector-space-based text analyzer by introducing conceptual semantic similarity into traditional vector-space-based models. Naive Bayes classification technology is also adopted into this new analyzer. Experiment results indicate that the new analyzer can improve text classification.
A Smart Parking Campus: An Example of Integrating Different Parking Sensing Solutions into a Single Scalable System (2015)

Under the promise of improving themanagement and efficiency of cities, theconcept of Smart Cities has gained rele-vance over recent years. Local councilshave promoted individual Smart Citypractices through investments in dif-ferent sensor systems, infrastructures,measurements and modernisation. Anenormous amount of data is now avail-able, collected from sensors with dif-ferent architectures and specifications.The challenge in turning this into rele-vant information for citizens. Thisproject aimed to research and develop asingle framework for the design of anintegral Smart City strategy based on asingle plugp the server (SERVER) givesintelligence to the system using algo-rithms that transforms the data into rele-vant information; and the users (CON-SUMERS) that query this informationin real-time.The layer of the data producers (PRO-DUCERS) is formed by three types ofsensors which are outlined in Table 1.The data produced by the sensors aresent to the server, where the occupancystatus of each parking spaces is stored.This layer is responsible for providingintelligence to the system, processing alldata captured and transforming theminto relevant information. Then the userscan access the services offered by thesystem from any device with internetaccess. They can check the real-timeoccupancy status of parking spaces andview the history of occupation. It is alsopossible to know if a space is under- orover-utlized. The Smart Parkingarchitecture is shown in Figure 1.Software architectureThe software layer has been developedusing web engineering technologies(WebRatio 7.1/HTML 5) and provideaccess to any user from any device withinternet access. The main view of thesystem is shown in Figure 2.
A simple method of end-point determination for plasma etching (1980)

It is shown that end-point detection in plasma etching can be accomplished simply and without the use of sophisticated and expensive equipment by using a commercial vacuum gauge to monitor the effluent gas.
Multi-Source Direction of Arrival Estimation of Noisy Speech using Convolutional Recurrent Neural Networks with Higher-Order Ambisonics Signals (2021)

Convolutional recurrent neural networks provide state of the art results in direction of arrival estimation based on first-order Ambisonics signals, especially in the presence of noise and/or interfering sound sources. In this work, we investigate whether increasing the order of Ambisonics up to the fourth order further improves the estimation results in a challenging multi-speaker setting with two or three simultaneously active speakers. Our results show that each additional order of the Ambisonics representation further improves the localization performance for both speech signals based on simulated and real measured spatial room impulse responses. The greatest gains in accuracy can be observed in the particularly demanding scenarios with three speakers and poor signal-to-interference-ratio.
Table S6A from Membrane-Depolarizing Channel Blockers Induce Selective Glioma Cell Death by Impairing Nutrient Transport and Unfolded Protein/Amino Acid Responses (2023)

&lt;p&gt;RNA sequencing data A23187 vs control (DMSO)&lt;/p&gt;
Î²-Lactam induction of ISEcp1B-mediated mobilization of the naturally occurringblaCTX-MÎ²-lactamase gene ofKluyvera ascorbata (2008)

ISEcp1B is an insertion element associated with the emerging expanded-spectrum beta-lactamase bla(CTX-M) genes in Enterobacteriaceae. Because ISEcp1B-bla(CTX-M)positive strains may be identified from humans and animals, the ability of this insertion sequence to mobilize the bla(CTX-M-2) gene was tested from its progenitor Kluyvera ascorbata to study the effects of amoxicillin/clavulanic and cefquinome as enhancers of transposition. These beta-lactam molecules are administered parenterally to treat infected animals. ISEcp1B-mediated mobilization of the bla(CTX-M-2) gene from K. ascorbata to a plasmid location in Escherichia coli J53 was studied. Transposition assays were performed with overnight cultures with amoxicillin/clavulanic acid and cefquinome at concentrations expected to mimic those found in feces after parenteral administration (0.4-0.008 mg L(-1) and 0.32-0.064 mg L(-1), respectively). Amoxicillin/clavulanic acid and cefquinome did not modify the transposition frequency (1.85+/-1.7 x 10(-7)) whereas ceftazidime (0.5 mg L(-1)), used as a control, did (5.2+/-2.7 x 10(-5)). Therefore, it is likely that neither amoxicillin/clavulanic acid nor cefquinome concentrations as found in the gut flora may enhance mobilization of the bla(CTX-M) genes in Enterobacteriaceae.
Low Power Test for Nanometer System-on-Chips (SoCs) (2008)

Shrinking power consumption budgets and increasing use of low power design techniques in nanometer designs are forcing test engineers to examine the two problems of (a) reducing power consumption in the test mode of circuit operation, and (b) testing the device in the presence of various power management structures. This paper examines the various concerns associated with this domain (often referred to as low-power or power-aware test), identifies the relevant design and test challenges, surveys salient solutions along with the associated trade-offs, and identifies open topics that require further attention from researchers in both academia and industry.
Reduced depth of field using multi-image fusion (2013)

This paper presents a multi image fusion approach for artificially reducing the depth of field in handheld phone camera photographs. The system captures a low resolution focal stack of images with variable focus settings, and two high resolution images: one with maximum scene blur and another one with maximum sharpness. The focal stack is used to guide the segmentation of the object of interest from the sharp image, which is then blended onto the background obtained from the blurry image, resulting in a visually pleasing image with a shallow depth of field effect.
Reaction Kinetics of Benzylation of Benzene with Benzyl Chloride on Sulfate-Treated Metal Oxide Catalysts (1998)

Sulfate-promoted metal oxides of ZrO2 (SZ) and Fe2O3 (SF) and the mixed oxide ZrO2−Fe2O3 (SZF) have been prepared by coprecipitation and wet impregnation techniques. The synergistic effect of the dopant metal oxide in the matrix of the parent sulfated oxide, SO42-/ZrO2 (SZ), has been studied for the alkylation reaction of benzene with benzyl chloride. An attempt has been made to decrease the polyalkylation observed on the highly reactive catalyst, SO42-/Fe2O3(SF). Detailed kinetic study of the reaction has been carried out to evaluate the kinetic parameters.
Left Atrial Ejection Force (LAEF) in Patients With Hypertension: LAEF Is Decreased in Hypertensive Patients With Left Ventricular Failure Or Atrial Fibrillation (2002)

Background: Left atrial (LA) contraction is an important parameter in hypertensive (HT) patients. However, it is difficult to evaluate LA contraction non-invasively. Recently, a Doppler echocardiogram derived left atrial ejection force (LAEF) method was introduced for evaluating LA contraction. We studied LAEF in patients with HT. Subjects: One hundred and twenty-four patients with HT were studied. There were 74 men and 50 women. Age ranged 35-77 years. Thirty-five normal subjects and 20 patients with congestive heart failure (CHF) or paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (PAF) were also studied. Principle: According to Newtons law of motion, LAEF is calculated as LA ejection volume x acceleration of flow. LA ejection volume = mitral valve area (MVA) x time velocity integral of mitral flow. Acceleration is the slope of atrial flow velocity. Methods: (1) MVA was calculated by 2-D echo. Mitral flow velocity was recorded by pulsed Doppler. (2) LAEF was calculated as 1/3 x MVA x A2, where A is the atrial flow velocity. (3) LAEF was compared with WHO stage and period of HT. (4) LAEF was compared between patients with and without CHF or PAF. Results: (1) In normal subjects, LAEF correlated with age (r = 0.74, p 0.001). Therefore, age corrected %LAEF was used for analysis. %LAEF = (actual LAEF) / (normal LAEF) x 100. (2) In patients with HT, %LAEF was 107.8 ± 5.7 % in WHO stage I, 111.6 ± 8.0 % in stage II and 105.7 ± 13.5 % in stage III (n.s.). %LAEF was higher in patients with WHO stage I and II than normal subjects. (3) %LAEF was 111.6 ± 6.0 % in patients with period 9 years, 108.6 ± 9.0 % in period 1020 years and 105.8 ± 11.2 % in period 20 years. %LAEF had a tendency to decrease with period of HT (n.s.). (4) %LAEF was 50.5 ± 22.4 % in patients with PAF, and was 64.3 ± 31.8 % in patients with CHF. %LAEF was lower in hypertensive patients with CHF or PAF than without CHF or PAF (p 0.001). Conclusions: LAEF may be compensated in mid stage of hypertension and decompensated in late stage of hypertension. LAEF is decreased in hypertensive patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation or congestive heart failure.
Exposure to low‐intensity ultrasound increases aggrecan gene expression in a rat femur fracture model (1996)

The effects of ultrasound stimulation on various parameters of bone repair after diaphyseal injury were assessed in a standard rat femur fracture model. Bilateral closed femoral fractures were made in 79 skeletally mature male Long-Evans rats. An ultrasound signal consisting of a 200 microsecond burst sine wave of 0.5 MHz repeating at 1 kHz, with an intensity of 50 or 100 mW/cm2 spatial and temporal average, was applied to one fracture in each animal. The contralateral fracture was not exposed to ultrasound and served as a control. Mechanical testing of the healing fracture was performed 3 weeks after injury. In fractures treated with a 50 mW/cm2 ultrasound signal, the average maximum torque (223.5 +/- 50.5 Nmm compared with 172.6 +/- 54.9 Nmm, p = 0.022, paired t test) and average torsional stiffness (13.0 +/- 3.4 Nmm/degree compared with 9.5 +/- 2.9 Nmm/degree, p = 0.017) were significantly greater in treated than in control fractures. In animals treated with a 100 mW/cm2 ultrasound signal, the average maximum torque and torsional stiffness were greater in treated than in control fractures, but this trend did not reach statistical significance. Biochemical analysis of callus in ultrasound-treated and control fractures failed to demonstrate significant differences in cell number, collagen content, or calcium content. Evaluation of gene expression in fractures treated with 50 mW/cm2 ultrasound demonstrated a shift in the expression of genes associated with cartilage formation; aggrecan gene expression was significantly higher on day 7 after fracture and significantly lower on day 21 (p = 0.033 and 0.035, respectively). alpha 1(II) procollagen gene expression was similarly modified, but this trend did not reach statistical significance. Expression of genes coding for bone-related proteins, including alpha 1(I) procollagen, bone gamma-carboxyglutamic acid protein, alkaline phosphatase, and transforming growth factor-beta 1, did not differ between ultrasound-treated and control fractures. These data suggest that ultrasound stimulation increased the mechanical properties of the healing fracture callus by stimulating earlier synthesis of extracellular matrix proteins in cartilage, possibly altering chondrocyte maturation and endochondral bone formation.
Tailoring of network dimensionality and porosity adjustment in Zr- and Hf-based MOFs (2013)

Three Zr and Hf based metal–organic frameworks, namely DUT-52, DUT-53 and DUT-84 (DUT = Dresden University of Technology) were synthesized using linear 2,6-naphtalenedicarboxylate as a linker. By adjusting the modulator concentration only, the connectivity of SBU can be reduced from 12 to 8 and even to 6, which is reflected in different crystal structures possessing fcu (DUT-52), bcu (DUT-53) and (4,4)IIb (DUT-84) topologies, respectively. DUT-52 is isoreticular to UiO-66. DUT-53 is derived from DUT-52 by omitting four linker molecules from 12-connected SBU environment. In DUT-84 the dimensionality of the structure switches to 2D as a result of omitting further two linker molecules. The structure of DUT-84 is composed of double layers and involves 6-connected SBUs, which are observed for the first time in Zr-based metal–organic frameworks. All compounds are porous and thermally stable up to 450 °C. The BET area, amount to 1399 m2 g−1, 1097 m2 g−1, 782 m2 g−1, and 637 m2 g−1 for DUT-52(Zr), DUT-52(Hf), DUT-53(Hf) and DUT-84(Zr).
Oxytocin and Vasopressin Gene Expression in the Hypothalamo-Neurohypophyseal System of the Rat During the Estrous Cycle, Pregnancy, and Lactation (1988)

To study the state of hypothalamic expression of the oxytocin (OT) and vasopressin (VP) genes in different conditions of the female rat, OT and VP mRNA levels were determined during the estrous cycle, pregnancy, and lactation. OT and VP mRNA levels of the supraoptic nucleus were quantified by Northern blot and dot-blot analysis. OT and VP contents of the pituitary gland were determined by RIA. During the estrous cycle, OT mRNA levels of the supraoptic nucleus were significantly increased 1.5- to 2-fold at estrous relative to the other periods of the cycle. No significant cyclic variation was observed in VP mRNA levels. The OT content of the pituitary gland was significantly decreased at estrus and also the VP contents showed a cyclic variation with the lowest levels occurring at estrus and metestrus. At the last day of gestation a 3- and 2-fold increase of OT mRNA and VP mRNA, respectively, was measured, but no changes were observed at gestational day 12, 15, and 18. In rats lactating for 15 days, OT and VP mRNA levels were approximately 3-fold higher than during the estrous cycle. Concomitantly the OT and VP contents of the pituitary gland were decreased by approximately 50%. It is concluded that both OT and VP gene expression are stimulated just before birth and during lactation indicating that both genes are sensitive to common factors. A dissociation of the regulation of the OT and VP genes occurs in the estrous cycle.
A diaminomaleonitrile based selective colorimetric chemosensor for copper(ii) and fluoride ions (2015)

A chemosensor showed colorimetric sensing for copper(<sc>ii</sc>) and fluoride by changing color from yellow to colorless and to orange.
Expansion joints with low noise emission – will recent developments becomewidespread across Europe? (2007)

The paper gives a brief introduction to the various available systems which are aimed at reducing noise at expansion joints in road bridges. A short description of each type of joint is presented, with consideration also of further factors such as cost, kinematical behaviour, over-rolling comfort, safety and drainage. In addition, supplementary or alternative possibilities of noise reduction, which are independent of the expansion joint itself, are discussed.
Case report: cerebral sinus vein thrombosis in two patients with AstraZeneca SARS-CoV-2 vaccination (2021)

SARS-CoV-2 infection is associated with an increased rate of thromboembolic events and mortality. Different vaccines are globally used to limit the pandemic. In this report, we present the case of two young female patients with newly diagnosed cerebral sinus vein thrombosis occurring after injection of the vector-based ChAdOx1 vaccine. Both patients presented with unusual headache only. The two of them used an estrogen-containing contraception, had had a history of deep venous thrombosis, and both had MTHFR mutations. Both patients developed SARS-CoV-2 specific humoral and cellular immunity including both CD4 and CD8 T cells. This rare, but serious complication needs to be considered after vaccination of young females, even if there is no evidence of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia.