gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The effect of a fungicide treatment on the physiological potential of rice seeds after storage (2016)

The chemical treatment of rice seeds before sowing causes no damage to the seed physiological potential. The objective of this study was to evaluate the physiological potential of three rice seed cultivars treated with fungicide and stored for ten months. Irrigated rice seeds cultivars BR IRGA 409, BRS Pampa and BRS Sinuelo CL produced in the season 2011/2012 treated with the fungicide carboxin + thiram were used. 3.0 kg samples of treated and untreated rice seeds were kept storing for ten months at cold chamber. After this period we assessed the physiological potential through germination, first count of germination, seedling emergence in greenhouse, cold test, length and dry mass of shoots and roots of seedlings in germination and emergence tests. The results showed that BRS Sinuelo CL cultivar was the most sensitive, while a reduction of germination percentage and germination first count after treatment and storage of seeds. The treatment of irrigated rice seeds with carboxin + thiram fungicide followed by storage of seeds for ten months is detrimental to the physiological potential of cultivar BRS Sinuelo CL. The fungicide applied together with the storage time reduces the emergence of BRS IRGA 409, BRS Pampa and BRS Sinuelo CL, as well as negatively affects the length of the root. Additional keywords: Oryza sativa L.; phytotoxicity; viability.
Protection of Low-Voltage DC Microgrids (2009)

In this paper, a low-voltage (LV) DC microgrid protection system design is proposed. The LV DC microgrid is used to interconnect distributed resources and sensitive electronic loads. When designing an LV DC microgrid protection system, knowledge from existing DC power systems can be used. However, in most cases, these systems use grid-connected rectifiers with current-limiting capability during DC faults. In contrast, an LV DC microgrid must be connected to an AC grid through converters with bidirectional power flow and, therefore, a different protection-system design is needed. In this paper, the operating principles and technical data of LV DC protection devices, both available and in the research stage, are presented. Furthermore, different fault-detection and grounding methods are discussed. The influence of the selected protection devices and grounding method on an LV DC microgrid is studied through simulations. The results show that it is possible to use available devices to protect such a system. Problems may arise with high-impedance ground faults which can be difficult to detect.
Internal Azomethine Ylide Cycloaddition Methodology for Access to the Substitution Pattern of Aziridinomitosene A (2007)

Highly substituted, tethered alkyne dipolarophiles participate in the internal 2 + 3 cycloaddition with azomethine ylides generated by treatment of oxazolium salts with cyanide ion. Starting from oxazole 26, a sequence of N-methylation, cyanide addition, and electrocyclic ring opening of a 4-oxazoline intermediate affords the indoloquinone 31 in a one-pot process. A similar reaction from the protected alkynol derivative 25 affords the sensitive, but isolable, enone 32, and subsequent oxidation affords 31 and the deprotected quinone alcohol 34. Related azomethine cycloaddition methodology via intramolecular oxazolium salt formation from 43 or 46 is also demonstrated and allows the synthesis of quinone 45 and derived structures having the substitution pattern of aziridinomitosene A. Removal of the N-trityl protecting group could not be achieved without aziridine cleavage.
SugarsDominant Water-Soluble Organic Compounds in Soils and Characterization as Tracers in Atmospheric Particulate Matter (2004)

The presence of saccharides is being reported for aerosols taken in urban, rural, and marine locales. The commonly found primary saccharides are alpha- and beta-glucose, alpha- and beta-fructose, sucrose, and mycose with lesser amounts of other monosaccharides. Saccharide polyols are also found in some airsheds and consist mainly of sorbitol, xylitol, mannitol, erythritol, and glycerol. In temperate climate areas these compounds increase from negligible concentrations in winter aerosols (usually dominated by levoglucosan and related anhydrosaccharides from biomass burning) to a maximum in late spring-summer, followed by a decrease to winter. The composition of the saccharide mixtures suggests soil and associated microbiota as the source. Saccharide analyses of soils confirmed these compositions. Therefore, we propose resuspension of soil (also unpaved road dust) from agricultural activities as a major component of aerosol particles and the saccharides are the source specific tracers. In addition, the saccharides as well as the anhydrosaccharide derivatives from biomass burning are completely water soluble and thus contribute significantly to the total water-soluble mass of aerosols.
S-Glutathionylation: From Molecular Mechanisms to Health Outcomes (2011)

Redox homeostasis governs a number of critical cellular processes. In turn, imbalances in pathways that control oxidative and reductive conditions have been linked to a number of human disease pathologies, particularly those associated with aging. Reduced glutathione is the most prevalent biological thiol and plays a crucial role in maintaining a reduced intracellular environment. Exposure to reactive oxygen or nitrogen species is causatively linked to the disease pathologies associated with redox imbalance. In particular, reactive oxygen species can differentially oxidize certain cysteine residues in target proteins and the reversible process of S-glutathionylation may mitigate or mediate the damage. This post-translational modification adds a tripeptide and a net negative charge that can lead to distinct structural and functional changes in the target protein. Because it is reversible, S-glutathionylation has the potential to act as a biological switch and to be integral in a number of critical oxidative signaling events. The present review provides a comprehensive account of how the S-glutathionylation cycle influences protein structure/function and cellular regulatory events, and how these may impact on human diseases. By understanding the components of this cycle, there should be opportunities to intervene in stress- and aging-related pathologies, perhaps through prevention and diagnostic and therapeutic platforms.
A model suite of green algae within the Scenedesmaceae for investigating contrasting desiccation tolerance and morphology (2018)

Microscopic green algae inhabiting desert microbiotic crusts are remarkably diverse phylogenetically, and many desert lineages have independently evolved from aquatic ancestors. Here we worked with five desert and aquatic species within the family Scenedesmaceae to examine mechanisms that underlie desiccation tolerance and release of unicellular versus multicellular progeny. Live cell staining and time-lapse confocal imaging coupled with transmission electron microscopy established that the desert and aquatic species all divide by multiple (rather than binary) fission, although progeny were unicellular in three species and multicellular (joined in a sheet-like coenobium) in two. During division, Golgi complexes were localized near nuclei, and all species exhibited dynamic rotation of the daughter cell mass within the mother cell wall at cytokinesis. Differential desiccation tolerance across the five species, assessed from photosynthetic efficiency during desiccation/rehydration cycles, was accompanied by differential accumulation of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) detected using a dye sensitive to intracellular ROS. Further comparative investigation will aim to understand the genetic, ultrastructural and physiological characteristics supporting unicellular versus multicellular coenobial morphology, and the ability of representatives in the Scenedesmaceae to colonize ecologically diverse, even extreme, habitats.
Phase Transitions (2008)

The present workshop was part of a series with the topic of phase transitions, designed especially to bridge the gap in notation and notions of phase transition in different communities, i.e. physics, statistical mechanics, partial differential equations. Judging from the lively discussions it seem to have achieved its goal at least in part. This workshop is the last organized by H. W. Alt, S. Luckhaus, E. Presutti and E.Salje who are handing over to a new team of organizers. An active area of research discussed in many of the talks was the motion of phase interfaces (Dirr, Dreyer, Eck, Esposito, Freistuehler, Melcher, Planes, Zimmer) also in hyperbolic scaling where many questions are still open. The interaction phase interfaces with crystal structure was another topic (Bismayer, Conti, Janssen) for the physics and pde community alike. From quantum statistical mechanics the Curie Weiss model was discussed (Grimmett, Ioffe). Random potentials or environments were an important topic (Bovier, Dirr, Planes , Orlandi) and models of kinetic type played a bigger role than in the previous workshops (Bellettini, Esposito, Marra, Theil). A strength of the workshop were the discussions between the different groups of participants and the organizers feel that in the field of phase transitions this interdisciplinary discourse is particularly important.
Robust 2-Qubit Gates in a Linear Ion Crystal Using a Frequency-Modulated Driving Force (2018)

In an ion trap quantum computer, collective motional modes are used to entangle two or more qubits in order to execute multiqubit logical gates. Any residual entanglement between the internal and motional states of the ions results in loss of fidelity, especially when there are many spectator ions in the crystal. We propose using a frequency-modulated driving force to minimize such errors. In simulation, we obtained an optimized frequency-modulated 2-qubit gate that can suppress errors to less than 0.01% and is robust against frequency drifts over ±1 kHz. Experimentally, we have obtained a 2-qubit gate fidelity of 98.3(4)%, a state-of-the-art result for 2-qubit gates with five ions.
Scanning Capacitance Microscopy for Two-Dimensional DopingProfiling in Si- and InP-Based Device Structures (1999)

We report on the application of cross-sectional Scanning Capacitance Microscopy (SCM) for studying two-dimensional doping variations in Si and InP device structures. Different sample preparation methods were evaluated and the response of the SCM signal from various test structures, including epitaxially grown layers with n- and p-doping concentrations ranging from 5 × 1014 to 2 × 1019 cm-3, were examined under different imaging conditions. The technique was further evaluated by imaging a Si bipolar transistor structure and an InP-based buried heterostructure diode laser. We conclude that valuable information can be gained also from complex device structures.
A comparison of model order reduction techniques for electrochemical characterization of Lithium-ion batteries (2015)

Model order reduction has become a rather common approach to approximate complex first-principles electrochemical models (described by systems of linear or nonlinear partial differential equations) into low-order dynamic system models, for control or estimation design.
Combined Inhibition of Wee1 and PARP1/2 for Radiosensitization in Pancreatic Cancer (2014)

Taken together, these results demonstrate the efficacy of combined inhibition of Wee1 and PARP inhibitors for radiosensitizing pancreatic cancers and support the model that Wee1 inhibition sensitizes cells to PARP inhibitor-mediated radiosensitization through inhibition of HRR and abrogation of the G2 checkpoint, ultimately resulting in unrepaired, lethal DNA damage and radiosensitization. Clin Cancer Res; 20(19); 5085-96. ©2014 AACR.
Music recognition using note transition context (2002)

As a typical example of sound-mixture recognition, the recognition of ensemble music is addressed. Here music recognition is defined as recognizing the pitch and the name of an instrument for each musical note in monaural or stereo recordings of real music performances. The first key part of the proposed method is adaptive template matching that can cope with variability in musical sounds. This is employed in the hypothesis-generation stage. The second key part of the proposed method is musical context integration based on the probabilistic networks. This is employed in the hypothesis-verification stage. The evaluation results clearly show the advantages of these two processes.
Lipolysis in Burned Patients Is Stimulated by the β2-Receptor for Catecholamines (1994)

Selective beta 1-adrenergic blockade did not reduce lipolysis; however, a beta 1- and beta 2-adrenergic blockade significantly reduced lipolysis. Thus, the increased lipolysis, characteristic of severely burned patients, is caused by stimulation of the beta 2-adrenergic receptors for catecholamines.
K-Ras-Independent Effects of the Farnesyl Transferase Inhibitor L-744,832 on Cyclin B1/Cdc2 Kinase Activity, G2/M Cell Cycle Progression and Apoptosis in Human Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma Cell (2000)

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma is a highly lethal malignancy that is resistant to traditional cytotoxic therapy. High rates of activating codon 12 K-Ras mutations in this disease have generated considerable interest in the therapeutic application of novel farnesyl transferase inhibitors (FTIs). However, a comprehensive analysis of the effects of FTI treatment on pancreatic cancer cells has not been performed. Treatment of five different human pancreatic cancer cell lines with FTI L-744,832 resulted in inhibition of anchorage-dependent growth, with wide variation in sensitivity among different lines. Effective growth inhibition by L-744,832 correlated with accumulation of cells with a tetraploid (4N) DNA content and high levels of cyclin B1/cdc2 kinase activity, implying cell cycle arrest downstream from the DNA damage-inducible G2/M cell cycle checkpoint. In addition, sensitive cell lines underwent apoptosis as evidenced by changes in nuclear morphology and internucleosomal DNA fragmentation. L-744,832 at a concentration of 1 microM additively enhanced the cytotoxic effect of ionizing radiation, apparently by overriding G2/M checkpoint activation. The effects of FTI treatment on cell growth and cell cycle regulation were associated with changes in posttranslational processing of H-Ras and N-Ras, but not K-Ras. The results confirm the potential therapeutic efficacy of FTI treatment in pancreatic cancer, and suggest that farnesylated proteins other than K-Ras may act as important regulators of G2/M cell cycle kinetics.
Low Complexity ZF Receiver Design for Multi-User GFDMA Uplink Systems (2018)

This paper presents a low complexity receiver for multi-user uplink transmission using generalized frequency division multiplexing (GFDM). By exploiting the frequency spreading filter in the GFDM, the banded and circulant properties of the frequency transformed modulation matrices of individual users are developed. According to the newly developed properties in the frequency domain, a novel low complexity zero-forcing (ZF) receiver is developed for multi-user GFDM uplink systems in the frequency selective channels. The proposed receiver can be realized by successive discrete Fourier transforms and one-tap equalization, avoiding the huge computation caused by the inverse of the large dimensional equivalent system matrix. Simulation results show that the proposed receiver provides nearly the same symbol error rate as the traditional ZF equalizer with substantially reduced computational complexity.
Impact of Ecklonia stolonifera extract on in vitro ruminal fermentation characteristics, methanogenesis, and microbial populations (2019)

E. stolonifera showed no detrimental effect on rumen fermentation characteristics and microbial population. Through these results E. stolonifera has potential as a viable feed supplement to ruminants.
Attenuation of scopolamine-induced deficits in navigational memory performance in rats by bis(7)-tacrine, a novel dimeric AChE inhibitor. (1999)

Bis(7)-tacrine is a more potent and orally active AChEI than tacrine, and has potential for the palliative treatment of Alzheimer disease.
Quantum cascade laser-based replacement for FTIR microscopy (2011)

Infrared (IR) microscopy has shown itself to be an important diagnostic tool for tissue analysis. To date, the main tool for performing IR microscopy has been the Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) microscope. FTIR microscopes utilize incandescent bulbs for light sources, and require cryogenically cooled detectors for the weak, optically poor probe signals. Image acquisition times can be tens of minutes even for sophisticated instruments, and the size and cost of FTIR microscopes precludes their broader clinical use. The development of broadly tunable, external cavity quantum cascade lasers (ECqcL<sup>TM</sup>) has created an ideal light source for IR microscopy. Spectrally brilliant probe beams that are diffraction limited, with intensities many orders of magnitude higher than incandescent sources, can be generated from compact, room temperature ECqcL<sup>TM</sup> devices. Moreover, the increase in intensity allows the use of room temperature microbolometer focal plane arrays (FPAs) for detection. The combination of ECqcLs<sup>TM</sup> and microbolometer FPAs opens the possibility of producing low cost, compact, room temperature IR microscopes with acquisition speeds thirty times that of state-of-the-art FTIR microscopes. The present study explores the challenges of creating this new generation of IR microscopes, and demonstrates the capabilities of the technology.
The human homologue of the yeast polyubiquitination factor Ufd2p is cleaved by caspase 6 and granzyme B during apoptosis (2002)

In the present study, we demonstrate that a human homologue of Ufd2p (a yeast protein that catalyses the formation of long polyubiquitin chains, and is implicated in responses to environmental stress), UFD2 (ubiquitin fusion degradation protein-2), is cleaved during apoptosis induced by multiple stimuli, including UVB irradiation, Fas ligation, staurosporine treatment and cytotoxic lymphocyte granule-induced death. Caspase 6 and granzyme B efficiently cleave UFD2 [kcat/Km = (4–5)×104 M−1·s−1] at Asp123, whereas caspases 3 and 7 cleave UFD2 approx. 10-fold less efficiently immediately upstream at Asp109. Thus UFD2 is added to the growing list of proteins with closely spaced caspase and granzyme B cleavage sites, suggesting the presence of a previously unrecognized, conserved motif. Both cleavage sites are contained and conserved within a novel 300-amino-acid N-terminal domain present in apparent UFD2 orthologues in mice and zebrafish, but absent in all UFD2 family members in lower eukaryotes. Full-length recombinant UFD2 exhibited ubiquitin—protein ligase ('E3')-like ubiquitination activity in vitro, but this activity was abolished in recombinant UFD2 truncated at the granzyme B/caspase 6 cleavage site. Cleavage of UFD2 by caspases or granzyme B within this putative regulatory N-terminal domain might have important functional consequences within the apoptotic cascade.
Synthesis of cycloheptenyldiphenylphosphine oxides from the reactions of a cyclic phosphonium salt with α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compounds (1992)

The reactions of the ylide from the five-membered cyclic phosphonium salt 1 with methyl vinyl ketone, chalcone, and benzylidene acetone afforded cycloheptenyldiphenylphosphine oxides via a Michael-type reaction followed by an intramolecular Wittig reaction.
Serological assays as alternatives to the Ph Eur challenge test for batch release of tetanus vaccines for human use. (1999)

According to the European Pharmacopoeia (Ph Eur) monograph on Tetanus Vaccine (adsorbed) (1997: 0452), assessment of potency is based on a challenge test in guinea pigs or mice. The end-point is taken as paralysis or death. The test requires a large number of animals and causes severe distress. The aim of the present study was to refine the test, and reduce the number of animals needed, for batch release purposes. Serological assays having the potential of being internationally accepted, have been compared with Ph Eur assays. The study included five tetanus vaccines of various combinations and produced by different manufacturers. The results indicated an excellent correlation between enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and the challenge test (about 93% predictive value), as well as between the toxin binding inhibition (ToBI) test and the challenge test (about 95% predictive value) and between ELISA and the ToBI test (r = 0.92). Antitoxin concentrations determined by ELISA and ToBI were generally in the same range. An overall good correlation was also seen for serum pools of the guinea pigs injected with equal vaccine doses, between toxin neutralisation test in mice (TNT) and ELISA (r = 0.93) as well as between TNT and ToBI (r = 0.97). The ultimate goal of this project was to determine whether serological assays can be used for testing combined vaccines, particularly for tetanus and diphtheria components, using sera from the same animals.
56.4: A Cascaded‐Dividing Current DAC with Fine Pitch for High‐Resolution AMOLED Display Drivers (2007)

Abstract An 8‐bit cascaded‐dividing DAC that can operate at a low power supply voltage is proposed. Occupying less than one eleventh of the chip area of a conventional binary‐weighted DAC with an equivalent resolution, the proposed DAC features a low operation voltage of 2 V with a good DNL and INL of less than 0.15 LSB. The proposed DAC is expected to be adequate for current‐driving AMOLED drivers that have very demanding requirements of a narrow channel pitch as well as high linearity and resolution for the data channel DACs.
Hematopoietic growth factors in human serum. erythroid burst-promoting activity in normal subjects and in patients with severe aplastic anemia. (1985)

The activity capable of promoting the growth of human erythroid burst-forming cells (BFU-E) in culture was measured in the sera from 39 patients with aplastic anemia (AA) and compared with similar activity in patients with various other hematologic disorders and 31 normal subjects. Burst-promoting activity (BPA) was determined by its ability to support erythroid burst growth from adherent cell-depleted normal human marrow cells. The results were expressed as the percentage of burst growth supported by test serum compared with cultures established in the presence of 20% test serum and 2.5% phytohemagglutinin-stimulated lymphocyte conditioned medium. The mean BPA level in normal serum was 18.5% (1.5 +/- SEM) and was not significantly different from BPA levels in patients with various forms of nonhypoplastic anemia or polycythemia (10.2% +/- 1.2%). In contrast, 15 of the 39 patients with AA had elevated BPA levels, ranging from 40.0% to 106.0%. These elevated levels did not correlate with serum erythropoietin or hematocrit values, white blood cell count, platelet count, time from diagnosis, or the presence or numbers of BFU-E in circulation. The BPA was shown not to be T cell growth factor (interleukin-2), and the effect was not blocked by the addition of cyclosporine to culture, consistent with a direct effect of this activity on BFU-E. When the 39 patients with AA were treated with antithymocyte globulin, 20 obtained a complete or partial remission. BPA levels determined from sera obtained before treatment did not correlate with response or duration of survival but did correlate with granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating activity (GM-CSA).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)