gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Centrifuge Tests to Investigate the Effect of MICP Treatment Zone on Foundation System Performance (2023)

Ground improvement is often used in engineering practice to mitigate the effects of liquefaction in the built environment. Prior centrifuge studies using bio-cementation (microbially induced calcite precipitation, MICP) have demonstrated increased liquefaction triggering resistance and reduced associated settlements by treating the entire soil model. One additional centrifuge test that treated discrete MICP zones within the soil model also showed improvement, but the complex interactions between the treated zones made it difficult to elucidate how treatment depth impacted system performance. This paper presents 1-m centrifuge experiments performed at the Center for Geotechnical Modeling at the University of California, Davis, to investigate how performance improvement relates to the dimensions and cementation level of a discrete MICP treated zone. Models were constructed with Ottawa F-65 sand at an initially loose state (DR ≤ 50%) with different treatment zone dimensions. In one model, the entire soil body was cemented (18.9 × 39.6 × 8.22 m in prototype scale), while in the second and third models an 8 × 8 m plan area was treated to a depth of 8.22 m (100% depth), and 3.05 m (37% depth). The stiffness levels for the treated zone were selected and tracked using shear wave velocity with a target of ΔVs = 300 m/s relative to an untreated model. In addition, a baseline uncemented model constructed at the same relative density was tested for comparison. All models were subjected to eight shaking events. Shear wave velocity measurements tracked changes in biocementation integrity through the progression of the shaking events. System performance during shaking was monitored using accelerometers, a linear potentiometer, and pore pressure transducers. Cone penetration soundings were used to measure the initial model state and track the model evolution. All models treated with MICP showed improved liquefaction resistance when compared to untreated models, which varied with MICP treatment zone dimensions.
Double-Talk-Robust Prediction Error Identification Algorithms for Acoustic Echo Cancellation (2007)

The performance of an acoustic echo canceller may be severely degraded by the presence of a near-end signal. In such a double-talk situation, the variance of the echo path estimate typically increases, resulting in slow convergence or even divergence of the adaptive filter. This problem is usually tackled by equipping the echo canceller with a double-talk detector that freezes adaptation during near-end activity. Nevertheless, there is a need for more robust adaptive algorithms since the adaptive filter's convergence may be affected considerably in the time interval needed to detect double-talk. Moreover, in some applications, near-end noise may be continuously present and then the use of a double-talk detector becomes futile. Robustness to double-talk may be established by taking into account the near-end signal characteristics, which are, however, unknown and time varying. In this paper, we show how concurrent estimation of the echo path and an autoregressive near-end signal model can be performed using prediction error (PE) identification techniques. We develop a general recursive prediction error (RPE) identification algorithm and compare it to three existing algorithms from adaptive feedback cancellation. The potential benefit of the algorithms in a double-talk situation is illustrated by means of computer simulations. It appears that especially in the stochastic gradient case a huge improvement in convergence behavior can be obtained
[Morphologic response evaluation of neoadjuvant chemotherapy of gastric carcinoma]. (2000)

A primary goal of the histopathologic evaluation of the gastric resection specimen is the determination of prognostically relevant factors, but it is not known whether, following neoadjuvant therapy, these factors have the same influence on prognosis. The goal of this study was to investigate prognostically relevant macroscopic and microscopic findings after neoadjuvant chemotherapy. The resection specimens of 36 patients with locally advanced gastric carcinoma who had been treated with Etoposide, Adriamycin and Cisplatin were investigated with respect to tumor size, Lauren type, ypTNM, UICC R-status, lymphangiosis, and degree of regression. On the basis of these factors, a prognosis score was developed that included both the degree of regression (grade 1-3), staging parameters (UICC T-category, R-status), tumor size and lymphatic vessel invasion. All of the parameters were weighted according to a score (1 point--best, 3 points--worst). The points were added for each individual case and the cases were divided into three prognosis groups, Group A: 5-7 points (n = 5), Group B: 8-10 points (n = 15), and Group C: > or = 11 points (n = 16). When compared with survival by the Kaplan-Meier method, these three prognosis groups showed highly significant differences (p < 0.0001). These results demonstrate that it is possible to accurately predict survival using resection specimens following neoadjuvant chemotherapy, which could lead to the identification of subgroups for which additional, further adjuvant therapy might be useful.
Use of an electron-beam evaporator for the creation of nanostructured pits in an insulating surface (2006)

We demonstrate a method for creating monatomic-depth rectangular pits of controlled size in an alkali halide surface by using an electron-beam evaporator. Atomic resolution noncontact atomic force microscopy is used to characterize the structure and size distribution of the pits, with mean side lengths ranging from 6.5to20nm. It is also demonstrated that metal nanoparticles can be used to nucleate the growth of pits, resulting in pits with metal nanoparticles inside.
Proteomics and Mass Spectrometry for Cancer Biomarker Discovery (2007)

Proteomics is a rapidly advancing field not only in the field of biology but also in translational cancer research. In recent years, mass spectrometry and associated technologies have been explored to identify proteins or a set of proteins specific to a given disease, for the purpose of disease detection and diagnosis. Such biomarkers are being investigated in samples including cells, tissues, serum/plasma, and other types of body fluids. When sufficiently refined, proteomic technologies may pave the way for early detection of cancer or individualized therapy for cancer. Mass spectrometry approaches coupled with bioinformatic tools are being developed for biomarker discovery and validation. Understanding basic concepts and application of such technology by investigators in the field may accelerate the clinical application of protein biomarkers in disease management.
Akkermansia (2015)

Abstract Ak.ker.man'si.a. N.L. fem. n. Akkermansia named after Antoon Akkermans, Dutch microbiologist recognized for his contribution to microbial ecology. Oval‐shaped cells, occurring singly, in pairs, and rarely in chains, about 0.6 µm × 0.7 µm. Gram‐stain‐negative. Nonmotile. Strictly anaerobic . Colonies are distinct, whitish in color, and reach maximum size on 0.75% agar plates after 6 d of incubation. Cells grow optimally at 37°C and pH 6.5. Growth is chemoorganotrophic and restricted to a small number of sugars. Acetate, propionate, and ethanol are the major fermentation products from mucin. Mucolytic in pure culture. DNA G + C content ( mol %): 47.6. Type species : Akkermansia muciniphila Derrien, Vaughan, Plugge and de Vos 2004, 1474 VP . Taxonomic and Nomenclature Notes According to the List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN), the taxonomic status of the genus Akkermansia is: correct name (last update, February 2025) * . LPSN classification: Bacteria / Pseudomonadati / Verrucomicrobiota / Verrucomicrobiia / Verrucomicrobiales / Akkermansiaceae / Akkermansia The genus Akkermansia can also be recovered in the Genome Taxonomy Database (GTDB) as g__Akkermansia (version v220) ** . GTDB classification: d__Bacteria / p__Verrucomicrobiota / c__Verrucomicrobiae / o__Verrucomicrobiales / f__Akkermansiaceae / g__Akkermansia * Meier‐Kolthoff et al. ( 2022 ). Nucleic Acids Res , 50 , D801 – D807 ; DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkab902 ** Parks et al. ( 2022 ). Nucleic Acids Res , 50 , D785 – D794 ; DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkab776
Theory of Faraday Effect in High-Q Whispering-Gallery Optical Cavities (2011)

The general theory of Faraday rotation in high-Q Whispering-Gallery optical cavities is investigated. We have studied the behavior of the transmission spectrum and identified the optimal condition for maximum sensitivity to external magnetic field.
The Influence of Speed and Amplitude on Visibility and Perceived Subtlety of Dynamic Light (2011)

LED lighting can provide pleasant temporal dynamics, though the understanding of what constitutes pleasant has so far remained largely in the experiential domain of lighting designers. Only recently has research begun to uncover what affects preferences for dynamic lighting. Based on the insight that visible, yet subtle, dynamic lighting is desirable, an experiment was conducted which studied the influence of the speed and amplitude of periodic temporal color transitions on the thresholds for visibility and perceived subtlety. Using RGB LED lights to illuminate a wall in a living room setting, stimuli with periodic color transitions were presented to 40 observers, half of whom evaluated whether the dynamic transitions were visible, and half of whom evaluated whether the dynamics were subtle. The observers' data were fit using psychometric surfaces over the independent variables speed and amplitude of transitions. The 2D contours at the middle of the height of these surfaces were taken as thresholds. Experimental confidence was estimated via parametric bootstrapping, showing significant effects of the location and direction in color space in which the transitions were made, further strengthening the need for a temporal difference based color space. Interestingly, a distinct difference between the threshold for visibility and the threshold for subtlety can be seen, allowing for the creation of transitions that are both visibly and yet subtly dynamic. The results indicated that observers are more sensitive to hue changes than to chroma changes, and observers are more sensitive to hue changes in the orange region than to those in the blue region. Additionally, questionnaire responses provided insight into interpretations of the word subtle, understood to be pleasant, gentle, and smooth, which are also terms used to describe desired characteristics of dynamic lighting.
Reliability and validity of the Hamilton Depression Inventory: A paper-and-pencil version of the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale Clinical Interview. (1995)

A self-report, paper-and-pencil version of the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS ; M. Hamilton, 1960) was developed. This measure, the Hamilton Depression Inventory (HDI ; W. M. Reynolds & K. A. Kobak, 1995) consists of a 23-item full form, a 17-item form, and a 9-item short form. The 17-item HDI form corresponds in content and scoring to the standard 17-item HDRS. With a sample of psychiatric outpatients with major depression (n = 140 anxiety disorders (n = 99), and nonreferred community adults (n = 118), the HDI forms demonstrated high levels of reliability ( r α =.91 to.94, r tt =.95 to.96). Extensive validity evidence was presented, including content, criterion-related, construct, and clinical efficacy of the HDI cutoff score. Overall, the data support the reliability and validity of the HDI as a self-report measure of severity of depression.
Selectively manipulable acoustic-powered microswimmers (2015)

Selective actuation of a single microswimmer from within a diverse group would be a first step toward collaborative guided action by a group of swimmers. Here we describe a new class of microswimmer that accomplishes this goal. Our swimmer design overcomes the commonly-held design paradigm that microswimmers must use non-reciprocal motion to achieve propulsion; instead, the swimmer is propelled by oscillatory motion of an air bubble trapped within the swimmer's polymer body. This oscillatory motion is driven by the application of a low-power acoustic field, which is biocompatible with biological samples and with the ambient liquid. This acoustically-powered microswimmer accomplishes controllable and rapid translational and rotational motion, even in highly viscous liquids (with viscosity 6,000 times higher than that of water). And by using a group of swimmers each with a unique bubble size (and resulting unique resonance frequencies), selective actuation of a single swimmer from among the group can be readily achieved.
Improved N‐retention during L‐Carnitine‐Supplemented Total Parenteral Nutrition (1984)

The influence of intravenously administered L-carnitine on lipid- and nitrogen-metabolism was studied during total parenteral nutrition of piglets (mean weight 4077 g; n = 9). The infusion protocol was divided into three isocaloric and isonitrogenous 48-hr periods. Amino acids (3 g/kg day) were administered throughout all three periods: 140 cal/kg/day were given as nonprotein calories, consisting only of glucose during period 1; during periods 2 and 3, an amount of glucose calorically equivalent to 4 g fat/kg/day was substituted with a lipid emulsion, and L-carnitine (1.5 mg/kg/day) was added in period 3. Key parameters of fat- and nitrogen-metabolism were determined during the entire regime. Indirect calorimetry was performed and the respiratory quotient calculated during all three periods. The results demonstrate a more effective lipolysis and oxidation of fatty acids during L-carnitine supplementation. These changes produce an increased energy gain from exogenously administered fat and a distinct improvement in nitrogen balance.
Spectrophotometric and electrochemical determinations of L(+)-lactate in blood by use of lactate dehydrogenase from yeast. (1976)

Lactate can be determined rapidly in blood by spectrophotometric and amperometric (enzyme electrode) procedures based on its oxidation by ferricyanide, the reaction being catalyzed with yeast L(+)-lactate dehydrogenase (cytochrome b2) (EC 1.1.2.3). In the photometric method lactate can be measured in a few minutes, but blood samples must first be deproteinized. In the amperometric procedure no treatment of blood is needed except ferricyanide addition. The enzyme electrode we used has a response time shorter than 1 min when its critical variables are optimized. Preliminary standardization is reduced to minimum operation, because electrode response is proportional to lactate concentration over a wide range (0.1 to 8.0 mol/liter) and many determinations can be done with little cost in enzyme. A simple electrical device ("two-electrode device") is described that is well suited for furture micro-cell construction. Lactate determinations on a series of normal blood samples show no deviation between results by these new methods and the usual ultraviolet spectrophotometric lactate tests.
Memoria y reconciliación en conflictos violentos (2002)

espanolLa elaboracion de los traumas y de la rememoracion juega un papel central en el proceso de preocupacion por los conflictos violentos, que han conmovido a naciones enteras. Ella es un factor decisivo para la prevencion de la violencia futura. Por ello, el leitmotiv de este ensayo es la inteleccion de que el descubrimiento de la verdad sobre los actores y las victimas constituye un presupuesto necesario de la elaboracion de los traumas y de la preparacion de un proceso de reconciliacion. Solo asi pueden constituirse imagenes no ideologizadas de la propia historia en la memoria cultural de las naciones, etnias y grupos implicados. Esto es ejemplificado en experiencias de la politica de la memoria de periodo aleman de postguerra y luego repensado con ejemplos de America Latina (Chile, Guatemala, Colombia), a la vez que se tematizan los escollos tanto para un trabajo inmediato de rememoracion y elaboracion juridica como para el posible papel de actores internacionales. DeutschIm Prozess der Nachsorge gewaltsamer Konflikte, die ganze Nationen erschuttert haben, spielt die Trauma- und Erinnerungsarbeit eine zentrale Rolle; sie ist ein entscheidender Faktor fur die Pravention zukunftiger Gewalt. Das Leitmotiv der Untersuchung ist daher die Einsicht, dass die Aufdeckung der Wahrheit uber Tater und Opfer eine notwendige Voraussetzung der Traumabewaltigung und der Vorbereitung eines Versohnungsprozesses ist. Nur so konstituieren sich auch moglichst ideologieunanfallige Bilder der eigenen Geschichte im kulturellen Gedachtnis der beteiligten Gruppen, Ethnien oder Nationen. Dies wird an Erfahrungen aus der Erinnerungspolitik der deutschen Nachkriegszeit exemplifiziert und dann an Beispielen aus Lateinamerika (Chile, Guatemala, Kolumbien) weiterbedacht, wobei die Hindernisse fur eine zeitnahe Erinnerungsarbeit und juristische Aufarbeitung sowie die mogliche Rolle internationaler Akteure thematisiert werden. EnglishDuring the process following violent conflicts which affected whole societies and nations, the role of memory and the treatment of traumatic experiences are crucial. They are the most effective instruments to prevent future violent confrontations. The article illustrates therefore the thesis that the discovery of truth about authors and victims is a necessary precondition for a beginning process of reconciliation. Facing the past is the best guarantee that the cultural memory of the ethnic and social groups or nations involved in the conflicts might not be possessed by ideological images of their own past and that of their former enemies. German post-war and post-reunification experiences serve as examples to support these arguments. The concluding view on three violence or post-violence constelations in Latin America (Chile, Guatemala, Colombia) stresses the obstacles and chances for a moral and juridical treatment of violent conflicts in this continent but also the possible international implications.
The diastolic hyperemic flow versus pressure relation. A new index of coronary stenosis severity and flow reserve. (1989)

The measurement of coronary flow reserve, traditionally calculated as the ratio of maximal hyperemic blood flow divided by basal flow, is difficult to interpret in serial studies because fluctuating hemodynamic parameters may affect either basal or hyperemic flow measurements. To determine the magnitude of this problem and to develop alternative approaches for measuring vascular reserve, 10 anesthetized dogs were instrumented with aortic and inferior vena cava occluders, electromagnetic coronary flow probes, and high-fidelity micromanometers in the left ventricle and aortic root. Coronary flow was measured in the basal state and during maximal hyperemia induced by a steady-state adenosine infusion. Observations were made in the absence of a stenosis and in the presence of two incremental degrees of subcritical stenosis produced by a rigid, external screw occluder. Several parameters of vascular reserve were determined: 1) coronary flow reserve (defined above), 2) mean hyperemic flow divided by mean aortic pressure, 3) mean hyperemic flow divided by the difference between mean aortic pressure and left ventricular end-diastolic pressure, and 4) the slope of the instantaneous relation between diastolic hyperemic flow versus pressure. Each parameter was measured during five steady-state pressure levels achieved by partial occlusion of either the inferior vena cava or the aorta and the levels ranged from 82 +/- 8 mm Hg (mean +/- SD) to 127 +/- 9 mm Hg during hyperemia. All measures of vascular reserve were found to be dependent on hemodynamic parameters such as heart rate and mean aortic pressure. The slope of the instantaneous relation between diastolic hyperemic flow and pressure, however, showed only minimal dependence on heart rate and, in contrast to coronary flow reserve measurements, distinguished between the normal and the two stenotic states. Further, this optimal performance of the hyperemic flow versus pressure slope index was shown in a model in which coronary flow and myocardial work were not independently controlled. This index provides a sensitive and reliable indication of subcritical stenosis severity that may have clinical applications.
Evaluating Sequential Response Learning in the Rodent Operant Touchscreen System (2021)

Sequential and cue-directed response learning in rodents have been previously shown to depend on intact striatal signaling. In particular, these behaviors rely on striatal dopamine and acetylcholine release, with an impairment of sequential response learning evident in animal models with alterations in the two systems. Here we provide a protocol for testing sequential response/response chain learning using the rodent touchscreen system. Specifically, the present protocol is designed to implement the heterogeneous sequence task, adapted from Keeler et al. (2014), in the rodent touchscreen apparatus. This task has been used previously to assess complex motor learning and response selection in mice. In the following protocol, the task is performed in touchscreen-based automated chambers with five response locations using food reinforcers to maintain performance. The sequence task requires the subject to make five nose pokes to white square stimuli appearing in five different locations sequentially from left to right. © 2021 Wiley Periodicals LLC. Basic Protocol: Implementation of the heterogeneous sequence task Support Protocol: Creation of the heterogeneous sequence task ABET II touchscreen schedule.
High frequency of bladder cancer after nephroureterectomy: justification for adjuvant intravesical treatment? (2018)

High rate and short time interval of bladder recurrence after NU were found, with no specific subgroup of patients with increased risk. These findings support prescribing adjuvant intravesical therapy to all patients after NU.
Binding Sites, Geometry, and Energetics of Propene at Nanoparticulate Au/TiO2 (2016)

Surface adsorption and activation of propene, to catalytically produce propene oxide, is the first step in the industrially important gas-phase epoxidation reaction. Motivated by the significant practical importance of this reaction, site-specific adsorption of propene on nanoparticulate titania-supported Au (Au/TiO2) has been systematically characterized through Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and density functional theoretical (DFT) calculations. The infrared spectra, recorded during propene uptake at low surface temperatures, and DFT calculations identified two distinct propene–surface binding motifs. Propene was found to bind to the surface through a π-interaction at TiO2 sites remote from the Au particles and through a (πσ)-interaction at a single atomic Au site, distinguishable through the stretching frequency of the propene double bond. Temperature-programmed desorption and calculated binding enthalpies for the minimum-energy configurations revealed the propene–Au interaction to have a stronger binding energy relative to the propene–TiO2 interaction. Upon coordination to Au, the double bond of propene was found to weaken and elongate, a possible first step in the activation and epoxidation to form propene oxide.