gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Server-Centric View of Internet Performance: Analysis and Implications (2001)

In this paper, we present a study of wide-area Internet performance as observed from a busy Internet server site. We explore the question of predicting the network performance that a client would observe based on topological metrics and past performance data. Specifically, we seek to answer the following questions: (a) can network performance for a client be predicted based on past performance for “nearby” clients?, (b) how well does performance correlate with topological metrics such as router hop count or AS hop count?, and (c) is it possible to identify sections of the network (e.g., congested links) that significantly impact network performance for downstream clients? We discuss the implications of our findings on wide-area server selection and performance prediction.
Napsin A, a member of the aspartic protease family, is abundantly expressed in normal lung and kidney tissue and is expressed in lung adenocarcinomas (1999)

A pair of 35 kDa polypeptides (TAO1/TAO2) are expressed in more than 90% of all primary lung adenocarcinomas but not in other major malignancies. Mass spectrometry of tryptic peptides showed that TAO1/TAO2 is identical to napsin A, a recently described member of the aspartic proteinase family. The site of processing of pronapsin A to the mature form was located. Napsin expression was detected in human lung adenocarcinoma tumors, compatible with the marker nature of TAO1/TAO2 in the diagnosis of primary lung adenocarcinoma. This is important since identification of markers which can distinguish primary lung adenocarcinomas from distant metastases is desirable. Northern blot analysis showed expression of napsin also in normal lung and kidney tissue, and in situ hybridization showed expression in type II alveolar cells of the lung. This protease is concluded to have a specific functional role in the normal alveolar epithelium and is a candidate protease for the proteolytic processing of surfactant precursors.
Light Scattering by Fractal Aggregates: A Review (2001)

This paper presents a review of scattering and absorption of light by fractal aggregates. The aggregates are typically diffusion limited cluster aggregates (DLCA) with fractal dimensions of D
Modification of Reflex Responses to Lumbar Posterior Root Stimulation by Motor Tasks in Healthy Subjects (2008)

Dynamic task-dependent regulation of reflexes controlled by the central nervous system plays an integral part in neurocontrol of locomotion. Such modifications of sensory-motor transmission can be studied by conditioning a test reflex with specific motor tasks. To elicit short-latency test reflexes, we applied a novel transcutaneous spinal cord stimulation technique that depolarizes large-diameter posterior root afferents. These responses, termed posterior root-muscle (PRM) reflexes, are equivalent to the monosynaptic Hoffmann (H)-reflex but can be evoked in several muscles simultaneously. We elicited PRM reflexes in quadriceps, hamstrings, tibialis anterior, and triceps surae in subjects with intact nervous system. During three different conditioning-test paradigms in a standing position, that is, volitional unilateral single- and multi-joint lower limb movements and leaning backward/forward, we recorded characteristic movement-induced modulations of PRM reflexes in the thigh and leg muscle groups. We could thus demonstrate that monosynaptic PRM reflexes in functional extensor and flexor muscles of the thigh and leg can be elicited in upright standing subjects and can be modulated during the execution of postural maneuvers. The significance is that transcutaneous posterior root stimulation allows extending H-reflex studies of a single muscle to the assessment of synaptic transmission of two-neuron reflex arcs at multiple segmental levels simultaneously.
Interplay between Exonic Splicing Enhancers, mRNA Processing, and mRNA Surveillance in the Dystrophic Mdx Mouse (2007)

Our findings highlight the complex crosstalk between trans-acting factors, cis-elements and the RNA surveillance machinery occurring during dystrophin mRNA processing. Moreover, they suggest that dystrophin exon-exon interactions could play an important role in preventing mdx exon 23 skipping, as well as in facilitating the pairing of committed splice sites.
TT virus infection in adult beta-thalassemia major patients. (2001)

TTV is highly prevalent among Italian multiply transfused patients. In these patients TTV viremia appears to affect the necro-inflammatory activity of hepatitis C, though no evidence of an effect on the evolution of fibrosis was found.
Performance Evaluation of IEEE 802.15.4 and 802.11 Protocols for Image Transmission in WSNs (2014)

Wireless image transmission presents a particular challenge for Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs), due to a limited energy budget of wireless sensor nodes. The motivation of our study is an implementation of high-resolution cameras in WSNs for pest monitoring. We are interested in choosing a wireless communication protocol that minimizes the node's energy consumption, and provides a reliable transfer of a raw high-resolution image from the end device mounted in the field to the remote server where the image will be processed. We test how collisions, data transfer rate limitation and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) influence the energy-efficiency of IEEE 802.15.4 and the IEEE 802.11b/g protocols. Results show that IEEE 802.11 protocol is more energy-efficient than IEEE 802.15.4. The energy consumption is decreasing with the increment of bit rate. On the other hand, communication with a higher bit rate is more susceptible to bit errors for low SNR values. Thus, for both reliable and energy-efficient image transmission, IEEE 802.11 protocol with intermediate bit rates should be used, resulting with estimated node lifetime of 441 days.
A 50-Gb/s IP router (1998)

Aggressive research on gigabit-per-second networks has led to dramatic improvements in network transmission speeds. One result of these improvements has been to put pressure on router technology to keep pace. This paper describes a router, nearly completed, which is more than fast enough to keep up with the latest transmission technologies. The router has a backplane speed of 50 Gb/s and can forward tens of millions of packets per second.
Osteopontin: Roles in Implantation and Placentation1 (2003)

Osteopontin (OPN) is an acidic member of the small integrin-binding ligand N-linked glycoprotein (SIBLING) family of extracellular matrix proteins/cytokines that undergoes extensive posttranslational modification, including phosphorylation, glycosylation, and cleavage, yielding molecular mass variants ranging in size from 25 to 75 kDa. The result is a versatile protein(s) with multiple functions arising from its role as a mediator of cell-cell and cell-extracellular matrix (ECM) communication that encompass both normal and tumorigenic developmental processes, immunological responses during inflammation and wound healing, and biomineralization. Studies in primates, pigs, sheep, and rodents have revealed that OPN is a major constituent of the uterine-placental microenvironment with influence as 1) a component of histotroph required for adhesion and signal transduction at the uterine-placental interface throughout pregnancy, 2) a gene product expressed by uterine stroma contributing to a decidualization-like transformation that correlates with the degree of conceptus invasiveness, and 3) a product of resident uterine and placental immune cells that may regulate their behavior and cytokine production. This minireview summarizes information regarding uterine and placental expression of OPN that has accumulated over the past 15 yr, and we briefly describe structural/functional properties of this protein that are likely relevant to its role(s) during pregnancy. Comparative studies have offered insights into the potential hormonal/cytokine, cellular, and molecular mechanisms underlying OPN-mediated adhesion, remodeling, and cell-cell/cell-ECM communication within the uterus and placenta. OPN has the potential to profoundly impact pregnancy, and investigators are now challenged to focus on the mechanistic nature of the functions of this multifaceted and major component of the uterine-placental microenvironment.
Supplementary Methods from Interferon-β Induces Loss of Spherogenicity and Overcomes Therapy Resistance of Glioblastoma Stem Cells (2023)

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A new LLC resonant converter with resonant frequency change for high conversion efficiency and high power density (2017)

A LLC resonant converter is a converter, which achieves Buck or Boost gain with Pulse Frequency Modulation, and it is a suitable topology for high power density. This LLC resonant converter has many advantages, such as wide soft-switching range, high switching frequency capability, and low voltage stress of active devices, however, it also has large RMS current and circulating current. From these results, the usage of LLC resonant converter had been limited in low voltage and high current output applications. In this paper, a new LLC resonant converter, which can achieve high conversion efficiency while maintaining high power density, is proposed. Since the proposed converter can be reduced the conduction loss and turn-off loss by large magnetizing inductance, it can achieve higher conversion efficiency than the conventional converter. In addition, in order to regulate the output voltage, the proposed converter changes the resonant frequency using the small size of auxiliary circuit under hold-up time condition. Therefore, the proposed converter is a topology that can satisfy both high conversion efficiency and high power density.
A Simple Plug-In Circuit for IGBT Gate Drivers to Monitor Device Aging: Toward Smart Gate Drivers (2018)

In this article, a simple, cost-effective circuit is proposed for in situ monitoring of aging and degradation in discrete IGBT devices through the measurement of on-state collector-emitter voltage drop (V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">ce,on</sub> ) and gate-threshold voltage (V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">th</sub> ).
Kinetics and Mechanisms of H2S Adsorption by Alkaline Activated Carbon (2002)

Activated carbon adsorption is widely used to remove hydrogen sulfide (H2S), one of the major odorous compounds, from gas streams. In this study, the mechanisms of H2S adsorption by alkaline activated carbon were systematically studied. Two brands of commercial activated carbons were used as H2S adsorbents. A series of designed experiments were carried outto understand on a fundamental basis the differences in H2S removal capacity observed for the two types of carbons and samples for the same carbon obtained from different batches. The physicochemical and structural characteristics of the original and exhausted activated carbons were identified using several analytical approaches (i.e., XRF, SEM, XRD, and BET). The relationships between the adsorption performances of activated carbon for H2S and its physicochemical characteristics were discussed. The kinetics of the H2S adsorption was also studied using TGA/DSC system. Both physical adsorption and chemisorption played an important role in the H2S adsorption mechanisms with the studied carbons. Chemisorption was rapid and occurred mostly at the carbon surface whereas physical adsorption was relatively slow and mostly took place at the inner pores of carbon. Carbon II demonstrated the best performance of H2S removal due to its high capacity of both physical adsorption and chemisorption. Catalytic effects of transition metals might also contribute to enhancing the H2S oxidation.
A 25 kA, 0,5 kW THERMALLY SWITCHED SUPERCONDUCTING RECTIFIER (1984)

The successful test of a 25 kA superconducting rectifier is reported. This rectifier is an important component of a complete cryogenic power system to energise high current superconducting magnets.
Deriving a Joint Interference Detection and Channel Estimation for WB-OFDM from EM-MAP Theory (2008)

For modern wideband transmission systems narrowband interference and their identification becomes an important issue especially for weak interferers. This paper theoretically derives an interference detection scheme from EM theory in conjunction with a MAP channel estimation. The approach is related to a previously introduced heuristic scheme [1] and does not require mute periods or carriers, but works on a known burst preamble. Beyond the derivation of the detector-estimator, this work analytically evaluate the estimator variance, showing the value of the scheme.
The physical properties of supramolecular peptide assemblies: from building block association to technological applications (2014)

Bio-inspired nano-materials can be formed by the ordered assembly of elementary building blocks using recognition modules and structural elements. Among the biological sources, peptides and proteins are of special interest due to their role as major structural elements in all living systems, ranging from bacteria to humans in a continuum of magnitudes, from the nano-scale to the macro-scale. Peptides, as short as dipeptides, contain all the molecular information needed to form well-ordered structures at the nano-scale. Here, in light of the significant advancements in the field of peptide nanostructures in the last few years, we provide an updated overview of this subject. The use of these nanostructures was indeed recently demonstrated in various fields including the design of molecular motors based on nanostructure complexation with a metal-organic framework, the delivery of therapeutic agents, the development of energy storage devices and the fabrication of piezoelectric-based sensors.
Isocyanate-Free Route to Caprolactam-Blocked Oligomeric Isocyanates via Carbonylbiscaprolactam- (CBC-) Mediated End Group Conversion (2003)

Blocked isocyanate functional oligomers and liquid rubbers are prepared by a novel, solvent-free carbonylbiscaprolactam (CBC) mediated end group conversion reaction of amine-terminated oligodimethylsiloxanes (PDMS) and oligopropyleneoxides (PPO), with molar masses varying between 400 and 3140 g/mol, and of hydroxy-terminated oligoethylene oxide (PEG), oligopropyleneoxide (PPO) and oligotetrahydrofuran (PTHF), with molar masses of around 1000 g/mol. The key reaction is the carbonylbiscaprolactam (CBC) mediated amino or hydroxy end group conversion yielding carbamoyl caprolactam functional polymers, without requiring addition of either phosgene or isocyanates. The quantitative CBC conversion of amine end groups occurred in bulk at 100 °C in the absence of catalysts, yielding N-carbamoyl caprolactam terminated oligomers and caprolactam (ring elimination, pathway RE). The reaction of hydroxy end groups at 100 to 150 °C in the presence of catalysts such as zirconium alcoholates, magnesium bromide or dibutyltindilaurate (DBTDL) produced N-carbamoyl caprolactam end groups via nucleophilic attack of the hydroxy group at one of the CBC caprolactam rings and subsequent ring opening (ring opening, pathway RO). The CBC reactions were monitored by means of ReactIR, 1H NMR and 13C NMR spectroscopy. The molecular masses of the oligomers and liquid rubbers with caprolactam-blocked isocyanate end groups were measured by means of MALDI−ToF mass spectroscopy and size exclusion chromatography (SEC). The thermal behavior and deblocking temperatures of the caprolactam-blocked isocyanates obtained were examined by means of thermogravimetric analysis (TGA).
Cyanobacterial photosystem I: Morphology and aggregation behavior (1983)

A simple procedure is described for the preparation of cyanobacterial photosystem I particles with a full complement of antenna chlorophyll a from Triton X-100-solubilized thylakoid membranes. In the presence of >/=0.1% Triton X-100, photosystem I particles from Synechococcus 6301 were largely monodisperse. These particles, when negatively stained, appeared to approximate prolate ellipsoids 18 x 8 nm. A value of 4-5 x 10(-19) cm(3) was estimated for the volume of the stain-exclusion envelopes of the particles. At low concentrations of Triton X-100, photosystem I particles formed linear aggregates or sheets one-layer thick. The manner of aggregation was strongly dependent on protein concentration. Shadowed preparations of the sheets indicated a thickness of 8.0-8.5 nm.
High-Speed Couplings and Cleavages in Microwave-Heated, Solid-Phase Reactions at High Temperatures (2001)

A rapid and efficient procedure of flash heating by microwave irradiation is described for the attachment of aromatic and aliphatic carboxylic acids to chloromethylated polystyrene resins via their cesium salts. Significant rate accelerations and higher loadings are observed when the microwave-assisted protocol is compared with the conventional thermal method. Reaction times are reduced from 12−48 h with conventional heating at 80 °C to 5−15 min with microwave flash heating at temperatures up to 200 °C. All transformations were carried out in a purpose-built microwave reactor with on-line temperature, pressure, and microwave power control. Kinetic comparison studies have shown that the observed rate enhancements can be attributed to the rapid direct heating of the solvent (NMP) by microwaves rather than to a specific nonthermal microwave effect. Furthermore, a microwave-assisted cleavage that allows acidolysis of the Merrifield linker with standard trifluoroacetic acid reagents has been developed.
Exploring the Impact of Industrial Marketing Strategy from Asymmetric Thinking in Data Analysis (2016)

This study attempts to evaluate the impact of industrial marketing strategy from the innovative cooperative manufacturer's perspectives and buyers' perspectives. In a highly competitive environment, marketing strategic management is one weapon for many firms to survive in the marketplace. Valuable strategic marketing enable a firm to obtain a dominant position and gain higher profits. Therefore, this study attempts to develop a theoretical model based on qualitative research to explore the strategic industrial marketing deal with overt cost per utility, information searching cost, moral hazard cost, and asset specificity cost. In order to examine the applicability of the proposed theoretical model, this study further conducts a quantitative research based on the qualitative research and will collect primary data from customers of cooperative manufacturer. The statistical techniques adopt contain descriptive statistics and qualitative comparative analysis using fuzzy sets (fsQCA).Based on the empirical analyses, this study attempts to derive several contributions. First of all, identify the major factors or causal conditions of high customer loyalty. Secondary, causal conditions of high customer loyalty support that the states causal combinations of high customer loyalty.
Role of Titanium Dioxide in Enhancing the Performance of the Alkaline Manganese Dioxide Cathode (2011)

In this work the role of TiO2 in improving cathode performance has been investigated through the use of electrode imaging, porosity changes, electrochemical characterisation and changes in the chemical composition of constituent γ-MnO2 particles. Time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry studies revealed that TiO2 is mobile in the electrolyte and associates itself with the porous γ-MnO2 surface. This association gives rise to improved electrode performance by allowing electron/proton pairs to more easily (de)intercalate into the MnO2 structure. Depth profiling confirmed that upon cycling surface TiO2 becomes incorporated into the bulk γ-MnO2 structure inhibiting proton diffusion.
Role of lipid peroxidation, trace elements and anti-oxidant enzymes in chronic renal disease patients. (1996)

Plasma Selenium (Se), Zinc (Zn), Copper (Cu) and Aluminium (Al) levels, red blood cell vitamin E and antioxidant enzymes, glutathione peroxidase (GPX) and catalase activity were studied in 54 patients with renal diseases of different levels of kidney dysfunction. Group I (serum creatinine < 2 mg/dl), Group II (serum creatinine 2-4 mg/dl), Group III (serum creatinine 4.1-8 mg/dl), Group IV (serum creatinine 8.1-12 mg/dl) Group V (serum creatinine > 12 mg/dl); thirty two healthy subjects are controls. Plasma Zn (ug/L) and red blood cell vitamin E (ug/ml PRC) were decreased more significantly than controls (1348.59 +/- 43.72 vs 1318.89 +/- 45.62, and 3.38 +/- 0.45 vs 2.23 +/- 0.52) while plasma Selenium and Copper are within normal ranges. Plasma GSH-PX and catalase activity (IU/ml PRC) were also decreased (28.26 +/- 9.01 vs 20.48 +/- 6.79 and 7.54 +/- 1.91 vs 6.52 +/- 2.31) more significantly than controls. Lipid peroxidation products, plasma (umol/L) and urine malonaldehyde (MDA, umol/Ccr) were elevated (7.29 +/- 3.39 vs 92.94 +/- 61.66, and 32.08 +/- 24.60 vs 246.14 +/- 325.66) significantly (p < 0.0001). The lipid peroxidation abnormalities were seen in patients with normal renal function, which supports the role of oxidative stress early in the course of renal disease. Urine ammonia per GFR was also increased as well as urine B2m and NAG. There was no correlation between lipid peroxidation product (MDA) and any of the antioxidant enzymes, vitamin E, urine NH3, B2m, protein or NAG except urine ammonia and MDA per nephron which correlate with severity of kidney dysfunction which confirmed the role of complex processes in the progression of chronic renal failure. The early intervention to decrease oxygen consumption either by dietary protein restriction antioxidants such as vitamin E supplement or calcium channels blockers may be of value in preserving renal function in the setting of chronic renal failure.
Ions generated from uranyl nitrate solutions by electrospray ionization (ESI) and detected with fourier transform ion-cyclotron resonance (FT-ICR) mass spectrometry (2006)

Electrospray ionization (ESI) of uranyl nitrate solutions generates a wide variety of positively and negatively charged ions, including complex adducts of uranyl ions with methoxy, hydroxy, and nitrate ligands. In the positive ion mode, ions detected by Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (FT-ICR) mass spectrometry are sensitive to instrumental tuning parameters such as quadrupole operating frequency and trapping time. Positive ions correspond to oligomeric uranyl nitrate species that can be characterized as having a general formula of [(UO(2))(n)(A)(m)(CH(3)OH)(s)](+) or [(UO(2))(n)(O)(A)(m)(CH(3)OH)(s)](+) with n = 1-4, m = 1-7, s = 0 or 1, and A = OH, NO(3), CH(3)O or a combination of these, although the formation of NO(3)-containing species is preferred. In the negative ion mode, complexes of the form [(UO(2))(NO(3))(m)](-) (m = 1-3) are detected, although the formation of the oxo-containing ions [(UO(2))(O)(n)(NO(3))(m)](-) (n = 1-2, m = 1-2) and the hydroxy-containing ions [(UO(2))(OH)(n)(NO(3))(m)](-) (n = 1-2, m = 0-1) are also observed. The extent of coordinative unsaturation of both positive and negative ions can be determined by ligand association/exchange and H/D exchange experiments using D(2)O and CD(3)OD as neutral reaction partners in the gas-phase. Positive ions are of varying stability and reactivity and may fragment extensively upon collision with D(2)O, CD(3)OD and N(2) in sustained off-resonance irradiation/collision-induced dissociation (SORI-CID) experiments. Electron-transfer reactions, presumably occurring during electrospray ionization but also in SORI-CID, can result in reduction of U(VI) to U(V) and perhaps even U(IV).