gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Tumor response and patient survival after intralesional therapy with low-dose GM-CSF and IL-2 in metastatic and primary cutaneous melanoma: An exploratory study. (2014)

e20002 Background: Dermal and subdermal metastatic melanoma can give us an excellent opportunity to evaluate the local and systemic effects of intralesional therapy. While GM-CSF administration can activate and induce autologous dendretic cells (APCs), IL-2 administration can stimulate autologous T cells at the tumor site. Methods: Patients with derma and subdermal metastases, regardless to the extent of their disease or previous therapy, who consented to the study, each received intralesional GM-CSF 500 μg once/week for 4-6 weeks. If no complete clinical response (CR) was observed at the injection sites, intralesional IL-2 was substituted at 18 million IU weekly for the same length of time. One patient with primary invasive melanoma with a satellite lesion and regional lymph node (LN) metastasis, who remained a surgical candidate, received both cytokines at th skin lasions one week before surgery. Results: Four patients had > 126 small in-transit metastases, each lesion measuring few mm up to 1 cm. All had CR confirmed pathologically 6-8 weeks after cessation of therapy, with disease-free survival of 37-54 months. Another three patients with large sclerotic skin lesions failed to respond to either cytokine. One of two patients with distant metastases who had palpable subdermal tumors had CR of all metastases for 6 months. The resected tissues from the patient with primary melanoma with a satellite lesion revealed complete tumor necrosis at both injection sites with massive pigmented histiocytosis at the skin sites and in some LNs. Immunohistochemical studies showed overexpression of CD3+, CD4+, CD8+ and CD83+ cells at the primary site, the satellite and in some of the LNs. This patient is alive disease-free for over 48 months. Conclusions: Intralesional therapy seemed to utilize the tumor site as a source for tumor-specific antigens giving rise to autoimmunization with strong antitumor response regardless of tumor antigenic or genetic profiles. These observations open up new aspects for clinical trials to standardize the management of in-transit metastases and to initiate new approaches to adjuvant therapy in high-risk melanoma patients.
SMCGP2 (2011)

Self Modifying Cartesian Genetic Programming 2 (SMCGP2) is a general purpose, graph-based, developmental form of Cartesian Genetic Programming. Using a combination of computational functions and special functions that can modify the phenotype at runtime, it has been employed to find general solutions to a number of computational problems. Here, we apply the new SMCGP technique to find mathematical relationships between well known mathematical constants (i.e. pi, e, phi, omega etc) using a variety of functions sets. Some of formulae obtained are distinctly unusual and may be unknown in mathematics.
Profilometry‐Based Indentation Plastometry for Evaluating Bulk Tensile Properties of Aluminum‐Silicon Carbide Composites (2023)

The need for large samples with specific geometries and the destructive nature of conventional tensile testing pose a challenge in the rapid mechanical characterization of metal matrix composites (MMCs). Herein, the efficacy of a high‐throughput profilometry‐based indentation plastometry (PIP) technique for evaluating bulk tensile properties of SiC‐reinforced aluminum MMC with minimum sample volume and preparation is investigated. Plastic properties, namely yield strength (YS), ultimate tensile strength (UTS), and elongation up to necking ( ε n ) in aluminum composites reinforced with 0, 17.5, and 25 vol% of SiC from PIP, are compared with uniaxial tensile tests. While PIP estimations of YS for all composites and UTS for Al‐17.5 vol% SiC are accurate within 3–6%, those of UTS in 25 vol% and ε n in all composites show significant deviation from tensile test data. These deviations are attributed to the PIP overestimation of strength due to local SiC crowding beneath the indenter and the limitation of the Voce plasticity‐based FEM simulation in capturing brittle behavior of high vol% reinforcement. Herein, the high‐throughput PIP technique that can be reliably extended to MMCs with low volume (≈17.5%) of SiC reinforcements is established, thus harboring potential for advancement in the nondestructive testing of MMCs.
Targeted protein unfolding uncovers a Golgi-specific transcriptional stress response (2018)

In eukaryotic cells, organelle-specific stress-response mechanisms are vital for maintaining cellular homeostasis. The Golgi apparatus, an essential organelle of the secretory system, is the major site of protein modification and sorting within a cell and functions as a platform for spatially regulated signaling. Golgi homeostasis mechanisms that regulate organelle structure and ensure precise processing and localization of protein substrates remain poorly understood. Using a chemical biology strategy to induce protein unfolding, we uncover a Golgi-specific transcriptional response. An RNA-sequencing profile of this stress response compared with the current state-of-the-art Golgi stressors, nigericin and xyloside, demonstrates the enhanced precision of Golgi targeting achieved with our system. The data set further reveals previously uncharacterized genes that we find to be essential for Golgi structural integrity. These findings highlight the Golgi's ability to sense misfolded proteins and establish new aspects of Golgi autoregulation.
Hierarchical approach to computer system integrity (1975)

In this paper, we have shown how a hierarchically structured operating system can provide substantially better software reliability and security than a conventional two-level multiprogramming operating system approach. A virtual machine facility, such as VM/370, makes it possible to convert a two-level conventional operating system into a three-level hierarchically structured operating system. Furthermore, by using redundant security mechanisms, a high degree of security is attainable.
Renovascular effects of inorganic nitrate following ischemia-reperfusion of the kidney (2020)

Acute treatment with inorganic nitrate prior to renal ischemia may serve as a novel therapeutic approach to prevent AKI and CKD and associated risk of developing cardiovascular dysfunction.
Estimation of along-track velocity of road vehicles in SAR data (2005)

At the German Aerospace Center, DLR, an automatic and operational traffic processor for the TerraSAR-X ground segment is currently under development. The processor comprises the detection of moving objects on ground, their correct assignment to the road network, and the estimation of their velocities. Since traffic flow parameters are required for describing dynamics and efficiency of transportation, the estimation of the velocity of detected ground moving vehicles is an important task in traffic research science. In this paper we show for TerraSAR-X simulated data how the along-track velocity component of a moving vehicle can be derived indirectly by processing SAR data with varying frequency modulation (FM) rates and exploiting the specific behavior of the vehicle's signal through the FM rate space. An airborne ATI-SAR campaign with DLR's ESAR sensor has been conducted in April 2004 in order to investigate the different effects of ground moving objects on SAR data and to acquire a data basis for algorithm development and validation. Several test cars equipped with GPS sensors as well as vehicles of opportunity on motorways with unknown velocities were imaged with the radar under different conditions. To acquire reference data of superior quality, all vehicles were simultaneously imaged by an optical sensor on the same aircraft allowing their velocity estimation from sequences of images. The paper concentrates on the estimation of along-track velocities of moving vehicles from SAR data. Velocity measurements of vehicles in controlled experiments are presented, including data processing, comparison with GPS and optical reference data and error analysis.
A Linkage Map of Pig Chromosome 10 (1995)

Despite the large number of mapped markers along the pig genome, many chromosomes remain poorly covered. One reason for this problem is the lack of shared markers between separate mapping projects. We describe localized map integration by mapping selected markers from the United States Department of Agriculture map onto the European consortium map. Such integration of physical and genetic mapping information has enabled us to assign and orient a linkage map that extends over most of pig chromosome 10.
Present status and future perspectives on the development of bioartificial kidneys for the treatment of acute and chronic renal failure patients (2011)

A bioartificial renal tubule device (BTD) consisting of a hollow-fiber module and human proximal tubular epithelial cells has been completed technically by Humes and colleagues and a few other groups. Humes and colleagues developed BTD, treated acute kidney injury patients with multiorgan failure by continuous hemofiltration (CHF) in conjunction with BTD, and reported a significantly higher survival rate than that by CHF with BTD without cells in the Food and Drug Administration phase IIa trial. However, BTD has never been approved by the US Government, as the CHF+BTD treatment did not show a significant difference from the control group in the phase IIb trial. Human proximal tubular epithelial cells were confirmed to be overgrown on artificial membrane, which resulted in the inhibition of active transports and the metabolism of essential substances. Function of the BTD could be maintained in a U0126-contained medium, even if the BTD had to have been waited by a new acute kidney injury patient for several weeks. For wearable kidneys, heparin-covalently bound membrane or methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine (MPC) polymer-coated membranes are candidates for antithrombogenic hemofilters, while endothelial progenitor cells from a cord blood, CD133(+) cells-attached hemofilter in which the permeability of the cells was enhanced by the enlarged diameter of fenestrae by treating with cytochalasin B are another candidate. The MPC blend membrane containing 1% of the MPC polymer in polysulfone was developed as a BTD module. MPC was 7 times larger at the sponge layer than at the skin layer of the membrane, resulting in hemocompatibility at the sponge layer and cytocompatibility at the skin layer.
GTP cyclohydrolase I mutations in patients with dystonia responsive to anticholinergic drugs (1997)

These findings show that a proportion of patients with apparent primary torsion dystonia and a good response to anticholinergic drugs have GCH1 mutations and therefore have a variant of dopa responsive dystonia. The difficulty in distinguishing clinically between patients with and without mutations underscores the importance of considering the diagnosis of a levodopa responsive dystonia in all such patients.
Flow Cytometric Analysis of Calcium Influx Assay in T cells (2013)

Calcium influx is one of the key signaling events upon stimulation of T cell receptors (TCR) and plays an important role for T cell activation, proliferation, and differentiation. Phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) and calcium ionophore ionomycin are commonly utilized as stimulants in a variety of immunologic assays including T cell activation. PMA is a protein kinase C (PKC) activator, resulting in the activation of Ras, a small GPTase. When PMA and ionomycin are used together, TCR signaling downstream of PKC and Ras can be activated without activation of TCR-triggerd signaling events. This protocol describes the flow cytometry analysis of intracellular calcium influx in T cells stimulated with PMA and ionomycin., 钙流入是刺激T细胞受体（TCR）的关键信号事件之一，并且对T细胞活化，增殖和分化起重要作用。 佛波醇肉豆蔻酸乙酸酯（PMA）和钙离子载体离子霉素通常在多种免疫测定（包括T细胞活化）中用作刺激剂。 PMA是蛋白激酶C（PKC）激活剂，导致Ras（一种小GPTase）的活化。 当PMA和离子霉素一起使用时，PKC和Ras下游的TCR信号传导可以在没有激活TCR-触发信号事件的情况下被激活。 该协议描述了用PMA和离子霉素刺激的T细胞中的细胞内钙流入的流式细胞术分析。
Avalanche-Induced Negative Resistance in Thin Oxide Films (1965)

A current-controlled negative resistance phenomenon, similar to that exhibited by a gas discharge tube, has been observed in suitably prepared thin oxide films of Nb, Ta, and Ti, sandwiched between thin-film metal electrodes, at frequencies up to 1 Mc/sec. The voltage required to sustain the negative resistance in both directions of current is independent of the electrode materials, apparent area and thickness (up to 500 Å) of the oxide film, and is about 0.4, 1.3, and 3.5 V for Ti, Nb, and Ta oxide films, respectively. The corresponding electric fields are approximately 0.8×106, 3×106, 9×106 V/cm. These values increase slightly with decrease of temperature. Experimental evidence supports the interpretation of the phenomenon in terms of avalanche multiplication of carriers in a thin region of the oxide film attended by space-charge-limited flow conditions.
Localization Methods for a Mobile Robot in Urban Environments (2004)

This paper addresses the problems of building a functional mobile robot for urban site navigation and modeling with focus on keeping track of the robot location. We have developed a localization system that employs two methods. The first method uses odometry, a compass and tilt sensor, and a global positioning sensor. An extended Kalman filter integrates the sensor data and keeps track of the uncertainty associated with it. The second method is based on camera pose estimation. It is used when the uncertainty from the first method becomes very large. The pose estimation is done by matching linear features in the image with a simple and compact environmental model. We have demonstrated the functionality of the robot and the localization methods with real-world experiments.
Multiyear Surveillance for Avian Influenza Virus in Waterfowl from Wintering Grounds, Texas Coast, USA (2010)

We studied the prevalence of influenza A virus in wintering waterfowl from the Central Flyway on the Gulf Coast of Texas. Of 5,363 hunter-harvested migratory and resident waterfowl and wetland-associated game birds sampled during 3 consecutive hunting seasons (September-January 2006-07, 2007-08, and 2008-09), real-time reverse transcription-PCR detected influenza A matrix sequences in 8.5% of samples, H5 in 0.7%, and H7 in 0.6%. Virus isolation yielded 134 influenza A viruses, including N1-N9, H1-H7, H10, and H11 subtypes. Low-pathogenicity H7 subtype was isolated during January, September, and November 2007 and January 2008; low-pathogenicity H5 subtype was isolated during November and December 2007.
Plant biotechnology in agriculture (1990)

The current status of the subject is explained well in this commendable book. By describing the essential problems faced in improving plants and their underlying molecular biology, and the relevance of the new techniques, the text is made accessible to botanists and biotechnologists. Chapter 1 details the successes and limitations of established breeding techniques. This is followed by an introduction to the biology of cultured cells which acts as a base for discussion of germplasm storage and micropropagation (chapter 4), an introduction to somaclonal variation (5) and protoplast fusion (6). Similarly, an introduction to the molecular biology of plants and its manipulation (3) clarifies a section on genetic transformation in chapter 6. The later chapters focus on manipulation of plant product quality and quantity (including nitrogen fixation) (7), manipulations of reproductive biology and development (8) and manipulation of resistance (including resistance to fungi, viruses, insects, herbicides and stress) (9). The final chapter, on the prospects for the future of plant biotechnology, suggests some of the limitations to progress, and mentions the uncertainty about permission for release experiments. A glossary of technical terms, a subject index and suggestions for general and specific reading are included.
Keeping inflammation at bay (2014)

Cells dying by apoptosis can trigger an anti-inflammatory gene response in other cells by releasing a compound called adenosine monophosphate.
Large Uniaxial Magnetic Anisotropy of Co–Pt Perpendicular Films Induced by Lattice Deformation (2007)

A study of the thickness dependence of the uniaxial magnetic anisotropy K <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">u</sub> of Co-Pt perpendicular films deposited on Ru seed layers was extended over a wide range of Pt content from 10 to 30 at%, to further investigate the origin of the significant increase in K <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">u</sub> on reducing the film thickness, which was previously reported for Co <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">80</sub> Pt <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">20</sub> /Ru films. K <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">u</sub> increased significantly as the thickness decreased in all series of films with various Pt content. The rate of increase of K <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">u</sub> with reducing thickness became increasingly large as the Pt content decreased. It should be noted that the K <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">u</sub> of 2-nm-thick films was an almost constant 2times10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">7</sup> erg/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> over the range of Pt contents studied, although K <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">u</sub> was maximized at 25-30at%Pt content for films thicker than 5 nm. Experimental results suggest that the increase in K <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">u</sub> on reducing the thickness was mostly related to a reduction of the hcp Co-Pt lattice c/a ratio
Selective Glial Cell Line-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Production in Adult Dopaminergic Carotid Body CellsIn Situand after Intrastriatal Transplantation (2005)

Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) exerts a notable protective effect on dopaminergic neurons in rodent and primate models of Parkinson's disease (PD). The clinical applicability of this therapy is, however, hampered by the need of a durable and stable GDNF source allowing the safe and continuous delivery of the trophic factor into the brain parenchyma. Intrastriatal carotid body (CB) autografting is a neuroprotective therapy potentially useful in PD. It induces long-term recovery of parkinsonian animals through a trophic effect on nigrostriatal neurons and causes amelioration of symptoms in some PD patients. Moreover, the adult rodent CB has been shown to express GDNF. Here we show, using heterozygous GDNF/lacZ knock-out mice, that unexpectedly CB dopaminergic glomus, or type I, cells are the source of CB GDNF. Among the neural or paraneural cells tested, glomus cells are those that synthesize and release the highest amount of GDNF in the adult rodent (as measured by standard and in situ ELISA). Furthermore, GDNF expression by glomus cells is maintained after intrastriatal grafting and in CB of aged and parkinsonian 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine-treated animals. Thus, glomus cells appear to be prototypical abundant sources of GDNF, ideally suited to be used as biological pumps for the endogenous delivery of trophic factors in PD and other neurodegenerative diseases.
Intensity correlations in cavity QED (2000)

The second-order intensity correlation function of light transmitted out of a cavity QED system exhibits the nonclassical features and dynamics of the atom-field interaction. We present measurements of the intensity correlation to examine the size of the nonclassical features and the dependence on driving intensity, detuning, and the strength of the atom-field coupling. We use a model that takes into account experimental conditions to achieve a quantitative agreement with the observations.
[Potential, current and energy measurements in the mouth]. (1977)

Theodore Roosevelt writes his sister Anna about hiking and camping in Maine. He describes some of the problems they have encountered as well as some of the more enjoyable parts of the trip.
Digital quantitative analysis of mast cell infiltration in interstitial cystitis (2017)

Mast cell density is not significantly different between IC specimens and non-IC control specimens with a similar degree of background inflammation. The intensity of mast cell infiltration generally correlated with that of lymphoplasmacytic cells. We conclude that mast cell count is of no value in the differential diagnosis between IC and other etiologies.
Development of Fast Derivation Method of Revenue Distribution for Power Trading Support (2018)

SUMMARY We are developing the power trading support system for judgment on making contract of negotiation transaction. About this system, fast derivation method of revenue distribution is developed. Calculation amount of deriving revenue is very large, because risk factors take a various value. Revenue is derived using “cost function” which represents the price against the amount of electricity generation. The total number is same as combination of risk factors. So, in developed method, risk factors are considered sequentially in calculation, and temporary cost function is assembled on each step. We evaluated the trade‐off of between effect of acceleration and error amount by example. We got the prospects that cumulative probability error is within 2% and calculation time is within 1 min.
Time-gated diffuse reflectance to discriminate optical properties of two-layered tissue phantoms (2022)

Time-resolved diffuse optical spectroscopy (TRDOS) provides a method for directly and independently determining the optical transport coefficients of turbid media. A multispectral, gated TRDOS system was built using a supercontinuum laser source and a fast single photon avalanche photodiode (SPAD) for detection. Electronic time-gating of the SPAD allowed for detection of time-gated photon distributions, and showed an increase of nearly 80x in dynamic range relative to ungated detection. TRDOS measurements using both ungated and gated detection schemes on two-layer tissue mimicking phantoms were acquired. The distribution of time-of-flight (DTOF) of photons was measured from a two-layered tissue simulating phantom at multiple source-detector separations and wavelengths. Measured DTOFs were matched to predictions from diffusion-theory (DT) for two-layered media after numerical convolution with measured instrument response functions. We show a dependence of the two-layer DT model on the input values of the upper layer thickness and refractive indices. It was found that both the upper layer thickness and refractive index parameters must well-determined for DT predictions to match measurements in two-layer media.
Fault Diagnosis and Fault Model Aliasing (2005)

During fault diagnosis, the existence of equivalent faults, or faults that are not distinguished by the test set applied to the circuit, can create ambiguity as to the location of a defect. This happens if the circuit-under-test produces a response that matches the circuit response in the presence of two faults in different locations of the circuit. Equivalence between faults of different models, or a test set that does not distinguish two such faults, can increase the ambiguity as to the defect location as well as its type. We refer to this phenomenon as fault model aliasing. We study the extent to which fault model aliasing can be expected to occur under various test sets. We also describe a test generation procedure that can reduce it.