gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cavitation Microstreaming (1959)

In the research reported here an attempt has been made to discover by experiment what physical assumptions and approximations are appropriate in the theory of cavitation microstreaming, especially for cavitation bubbles located near solid boundaries. A systematic investigation of the phenomenon has been made and its dependence on certain parameters (e.g., amplitude of sound) has been determined. The investigation has disclosed that as the sound amplitude is varied, other conditions remaining the same, the streaming changes discontinuously through several stable regimes. It appears that in order to account for the generation of vorticity one needs to assume different conditions at the boundaries for each regime. For at least one regime, a theoretical model due to Nyborg seems to be applicable; comparison made with experimentally determined streaming velocities.
Induction of viral and tumour specific CTL responses using antibody targeted HLA class I peptide complexes (2002)

The production of cytotoxic T cells with specificity for cancer cells is a rapidly evolving branch of cancer therapeutics. A variety of approaches aim to amplify anti-tumour cytotoxic T cell responses using purified peptides, tumour cell lysates or recombinant HLA/peptide complexes in differing antigen presenting systems. Using a two-step biotin-streptavidin antibody targeting system, recombinant HLA-class I/peptide complexes were attached to the surface of B cells via the anti-CD20 B9E9-scFvSA antibody-streptavidin fusion protein. Flow cytometry with a conformation dependant monoclonal antibody to HLA class I indicated that targeted HLA-class I/peptide complexes remain on the surface of B cells in culture for periods in excess of 72 h. PBMCs were stimulated in vitro for 8-14 days using the autologous B cells as antigen presenting cells. Following a single cycle of stimulation specific cytotoxic T cell responses to targeted HLA-A2 complexes containing the M1, BMLF1 and Melan A peptides could be demonstrated by tetramer staining and Cr release assays. With the HLA-A2/BMLF1 complex up to 2.99% of CD8+ve cells were tetramer positive producing 20% lysis (E : T 10 : 1) of CIR-A2 target cells in an in vitro cytotoxicity assay compared to baseline levels of 0.09% tetramer +ve and 2% lysis in the unstimulated population. PBMCs from a healthy donor treated with two cycles of stimulations with targeted HLA-A2/Melan A complexes, demonstrated expansion of the melanA tetramer +ve population from 0.03% to 1.4% producing 15% lysis of Melan A pulsed target cells. With further consideration to the key variables of HLA/peptide complex density, the ratio of stimulator to effector cells and optimum cytokine support, this system should offer an easy and effective method for the in vitro amplification of specific cytotoxic T cell responses and warrants development for the in vivo induction of cytotoxic T cell responses in cancer therapy.
P2–186: Treatment of mild cognitive impairment with vitamin E and donepezil: Correlations between serial MRI and conversion, genotype, and treatment status (2006)

The vitamin E and donepezil study for the treatment of MCI was conducted in 769 subjects at 69 North American centers. Clinical results of this study have been reported (NEJM 2005; 352(23):2379–88). Twenty–four of the recruiting sites voluntarily participated in an MRI substudy. We report correlations between rates of atrophy from serial MRI and clinical conversion to AD, APO E genotype, and treatment arm in those who participated in MRI. A total of 194 subjects participated in the MRI substudy and 137 completed both a baseline and followup scan allowing for computation of rates of change over time. The followup MRI scan for each subject could have been either at the end of the study (36 months) or at an interim time point associated with clinical conversion from MCI to AD. In each subject, change from baseline to followup was measured for four different brain volumes; hippocampus, entorhinal cortex (ERC), whole brain, and ventricle. For each of the four brain atrophy rate measures, annualized rates of atrophy were greater in those subjects who converted to AD vs non–converters (all p <0.000). Annualized rates of hippocampal (p<0.05), ERC (p<0.05), ventricular (p=0.002), and whole brain (p=0.004) atrophy were greater in APOE 4 carriers than non–carriers. A non significant trend consistent with treatment effect was observed across all four mean MRI rate measures for both donepezil and vitamin E. The number of treated subjects for which MRI measures were available varied for different MRI measures. Expected and highly significant correlations were observed between rates of brain volume change measured with MRI and both clinical conversion status as well as APOE genotype. These results validate the technical feasibility of using MRI as an outcome measure of disease progression in multi–center trials for amnestic MCI. Failure to detect a significant treatment effect in the MRI data could reflect the absence of a biologic effect of either vitamin E or donepezil on brain volume itself. Or it could simply represent inadequate sample size in the treatment groups: donepezil (n= 36 – 40, number varies with different MRI measures), vitamin E (n = 34 –43).
White Space and Scaffolding In Workshop Questions (2011)

poster, biology/CAS 352 student leader training seminar
Lumped parameters description of RF losses in ESR experiments on electrically conducting samples (1989)

The authors present the analysis of losses in lumped parameters resonators used for ESR spectroscopy at low microwave frequencies. The relative weight of electric and magnetic field losses has been evaluated as a function of frequency and sample conductivity. The theory has been tested at two frequencies (680 and 549 MHz) and with samples of different conductivity.
NPP: An easy to implement preprocessor for text formatting (1980)

Abstract This paper describes our approach to the problem of specifying formatting information in computer‐based text processing. We distinguish between local and global formatting decisions, adopt natural conventions for representing each, and separate them. Our system, cast as a preprocessor to an available formatter, hides annoying formatter dependencies, and leads to a document representation which can be processed under several operating systems. After initially implementing our system, we produced a second version for another formatter/operating system in less than 2 man‐weeks.
Improvement of axial resolution and contrast in temporally focused widefield two-photon microscopy with structured light illumination (2013)

Although temporally focused wide-field two-photon microscopy (TFM) can perform depth resolved wide field imaging, it cannot avoid the image degradation due to scattering of excitation and emission photons when imaging in a turbid medium. Further, its axial resolution is inferior to standard point-scanning two-photon microscopy. We implemented a structured light illumination for TFM and have shown that it can effectively reject the out-of-focus scattered emission photons improving image contrast. Further, the depth resolution of the improved system is dictated by the spatial frequency of the structure light with the potential of attaining depth resolution better than point-scanning two-photon microscopy.
Constitutive expression of Slp genes in mouse strain B10.WR directed by C4 regulatory sequences. (1987)

The murine fourth component of complement (C4) and sex-limited protein (Slp) are two closely related serum proteins that exhibit very disparate patterns of gene expression: all mice constitutively express C4, whereas only adult male mice from a limited number of standard inbred strains express Slp. Several exceptional strains exhibit constitutive (C4-like) Slp expression, a phenotype that correlates with multiple copies of the Slp gene. To determine the molecular basis for constitutive Slp expression we have isolated genomic clones and compared the sequences of 1.5 kb of 5' flanking DNA from 1 C4 gene and three different Slp genes from the Slp-constitutive strain B10.WR. These sequence comparisons demonstrate C4-like regulatory sequences adjacent to two of the Slp genes. By analysis of cDNA clones isolated from a B10.WR liver library we demonstrate that the constitutive Slp phenotype is due primarily to expression of one of these C4/Slp hybrid genes. It appears likely that Slp gene duplication in strain B10.WR came about via homologous unequal crossover events between C4 and Slp genes; this would accommodate both the gene sequence data and the pattern of C4-like Slp expression in mouse strain B10.WR.
General Method for the Synthesis of α- or β-Deoxyaminoglycosides Bearing Basic Nitrogen (2021)

The introduction of glycosides bearing basic nitrogen is challenging using conventional Lewis acid-promoted pathways owing to competitive coordination of the amine to the Lewis acid promoter. Additionally, because many aminoglycosides lack a C2 substituent, diastereomeric mixtures of <i>O</i>-glycosides are often produced. Herein, we present a method for the synthesis of α- or β- 2,3,6-trideoxy-3-amino- and 2,4,6-trideoxy-4-amino <i>O</i>-glycosides from a common precursor. Our strategy proceeds by the reductive lithiation of thiophenyl glycoside donors and trapping of the resulting anomeric anions with 2-methyltetrahydropyranyl peroxides. We apply this strategy to the synthesis of α- and β-forosamine, pyrrolosamine, acosamine, and ristosamine derivatives using primary and secondary peroxides as electrophiles. α-Linked products are obtained in 60-96% yield and with >50:1 selectivity. β-Linked products are obtained in 45-94% yield and with 1.7->50:1 stereoselectivity. Contrary to donors bearing an equatorial amine substituent, donors bearing an axial amine substituent favored β-products at low temperatures. This work establishes a general strategy to synthesize <i>O</i>-glycosides bearing a basic nitrogen.
Quantitation of antibody to hepatitis A antigen by immune electron microscopy (1976)

A set of precipitin reactions was performed by immune electron microscopy (IEM) with hepatitis A antigen (HA Ag) and varying quantities of antibody to HA A q (anti-HA). Serial dilution of anti-HA resulted in progressive diminution in IEM antibody rating. These data, together with a highly significant correlation between IEM ratings and immune adherence hemagglutination (IAHA) titers on 92 coded serum samples, confirm that quantitative serology development can be performed by IEM. To demonstrate the different kinetics of antibody development by IEM and IAHA, we used both techniques to test for anti-HA in longitudinally collected sera from a chimpanzee experimentally infected with hepatitis A virus. Detection of anti-HA was possible by IEM during acute hepatitis, but IAHA anti-HA was not observed until approximately 4 weeks later. Six weeks after acute illness, IEM ratings reached a plateau beyond which IAHA titers continued to rise gradually. Peak titers were achieved 11 months after inoculation.
MICP Treatment to Mitigate Soil Liquefaction-Induced Building Settlements (2021)

Soil liquefaction beneath structures can produce excessive settlement and loss of foundation bearing capacity, compromising structure performance and safety. Microbial-induced calcium carbonate precipitation (MICP) is a natural and sustainable method to improve the shear modulus and shear strength of soils. Recent centrifuge and laboratory studies have quantified how MICP treatment improves resistance to liquefaction triggering. However, the system-level performance of foundations, specifically the mitigation of liquefaction-induced settlements, underlain with MICP treated soil requires investigation. A centrifuge test was performed at the Center for Geotechnical Modeling at UC Davis using the 9-m radius centrifuge. A building foundation system was modeled by placing 18 foundation pairs at different sections of the model, which included an untreated (UT) zone, an MICP treated zone to 6 m depth (TR6), and an MICP treated zone to 13 m depth (TR13). The model was subjected to sinusoidal shaking events, with the peak base acceleration increasing from 0.03g to 0.5g over five shaking events. Measurements during shaking included accelerations, pore pressures, shear wave velocities, and surface settlements. The MICP treatment reduced the settlement, with the deeper treatment being more effective.
An Object-Based Basic Farmland Change Detection Using High Spatial Resolution Image and GIS Data of Land Use Planning (2012)

With the rapid development of urbanization in China, an effective and quick approach usedto identify changes in basic farmland becomes more and more important in land use resource managementfield. While a variety of change detection approaches using multi-temporal satellite image havebeen reported, few approaches using GIS data of land use planning and single-temporal high spatialresolution satellite image have been reported. This paper proposes an object-based basic farmlandchange detection approach using single-temporal high spatial resolution satellite image and GIS dataof land use planning. Compared with the pixel-based change detection approach, the object-based approachmust be more suitable for in high spatial resolution images. To test the validity of the proposedapproach, we apply it to the actual data, and primary results reveal that the proposed approach is valid.
Characterization of feline serum–cobalt binding (2015)

The correlation of cobalt binding measured by a colorimetric test with albumin concentration in the clinical samples and with serum dilution is consistent with feline albumin-cobalt complex formation. Hypoalbuminemia is the likely cause of reduced serum-cobalt binding in inflammation and the correlations observed between cobalt binding and other variables.
AIR POLLUTION IMPACTS ON FOREST TREES: DIAGNOSIS AND BIOINDICATORS (1991)

Air pollution is an important stress factor on forest trees in much of the world.However, the effects of air pollution are often subtle and difficult to verify.This paper describes the most important considerations in diagnosing suspected air pollution injury, and reviews literature with regard to using lichens and plants such as tobacco, eastern white pine, and trembling aspen as bioindicators of air pollution.
An Oxidopyrylium Cyclization/Ring-Opening Route to Polysubstituted α-Hydroxytropolones (2012)

α-Hydroxytropolones are a class of molecules with therapeutic potential against several human diseases. However, structure-activity relationship studies on these molecules have been limited due to a scarcity of efficient synthetic methods to access them. It is demonstrated herein that α-hydroxytropolones can be generated through a BCl(3)-mediated ring-opening/aromatization/demethylation process on 8-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octenes. Used in conjunction with an improved method based on established oxidopyrylium dipolar cycloadditions, several polysubstituted α-hydroxytropolones can be accessed in three steps from readily available α-hydroxy-γ-pyrones.
All-optical modulation format conversion from frequency-shift-keying to phase-shift-keying (2005)

We have realized a novel optical modulation format conversion using double-sideband suppressed-carrier modulation. An optical wideband frequency-shift-keying (FSK) signal, generated by an external FSK modulator, can be directly converted into an optical phase-shift-keying (PSK) signal, where the FSK signal having two spectral components was fed to an optical intensity modulator followed by an optical bandpass filter. Optical frequency of the FSK signal was mapped into optical phase of the bandpass filter output whose phase deviation depends on a chirp of the FSK signal.We demonstrated modulation format conversion from FSK to PSK at 10 Gbps, by using a high-speed optical FSK modulator and a dual electrode Mach-Zehnder intensity modulator.
Feed-forward phase estimator and tracker under frequency uncertainty and phase noise (2002)

The method and apparatus for tracking the frequency and the phase trajectory of a randomly time-varying signal (Bar-David and Taich 1996) are presented. It is useful for tracking signals of randomly time-varying phase, and is illustrated for phase-shift-keyed (MPSK) signals. The block-diagram of the tracker is presented and includes references to central points of the design. A comparison between the novel technique and the phase lock-loop approach is given using: acquisition time, loss of lock, slipping cycles and tracking error variance.
Stalled Replication Induces p53 Accumulation through Distinct Mechanisms from DNA Damage Checkpoint Pathways (2006)

Stalled replication forks induce p53, which is required to maintain the replication checkpoint. In contrast to the well-established mechanisms of DNA damage-activated p53, the downstream effectors and upstream regulators of p53 during replication blockade remain to be deciphered. Hydroxyurea triggered accumulation of p53 through an increase in protein stability. The requirement of p53 accumulation for the replication checkpoint was not due to p21(CIP1/WAF1) as its down-regulation with short-hairpin RNA did not affect the checkpoint. Similar to DNA damage, stalled replication triggered the activation of the MRN-ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM)/ATM and Rad3-related-CHK1/CHK2 axis. Down-regulation of CHK1 or CHK2, however, reduced p53 basal expression but not the hydroxyurea-dependent induction. Moreover, p53 was still stabilized in ataxia telangiectasia cells or in cells treated with caffeine, suggesting that ATM was not a critical determinant. These data also suggest that the functions of ATM, CHK1, and CHK2 in the replication checkpoint were not through the p53-p21(CIP1/WAF1) pathway. In contrast, induction of p53 by hydroxyurea was defective in cells lacking NBS1 and BLM. In this connection, the impaired replication checkpoint in several other genetic disorders has little correlation with the ability to stabilize p53. These data highlighted the different mechanisms involved in the stabilization of p53 after DNA damage and stalled replication forks.
Industrial Challenges (2015)

By studying exploratory cases in the mobile computing industry, this chapter seeks to explore and discuss emerging industrial issues with which the business ecosystem research is booming.
Cardenolides from Antiaris toxicaria as Potent Selective Nur77 Modulators (2008)

Toxicarioside D (1), a new cardenolide, along with 10 other known ones, was isolated from the stem of Antiaris toxicaria LESCH. by bioassay-guided fractionation. Their structures were determined on the basis of spectroscopic analysis. All the reported compounds effectively inhibited the growth of various cancer cell lines at nanomolar concentrations. Inhibition of cancer cell growth was accompanied with induction of the expression of Nur77, a potent apoptotic member of the steroid/thyroid hormone receptor superfamily.
Electronic Monitoring of Adherence to Inhaled Medication in Asthma (2014)

The main treatment of asthma is inhaled corticosteroids. However adherence to these medications in asthma is often poor, with low adherence associated with excessive health care costs and an increased risk of emergency room visits and mortality. Although various methods are used to indirectly assess adherence, all have significant limitations whether used in clinical or research practice. The recent development of electronic monitoring devices (EMDs) for use with inhalers presents an exciting opportunity to easily and accurately measure inhaler adherence. This article summarises the current devices available; for each device features and limitations are considered, followed by a review of both the current clinical literature and data on reliability and accuracy. An overall summary is also provided to aid comparison of capabilities between devices and future issues pertaining to the use of EMDs are discussed, including barriers to adoption, stakeholder involvement, novel methods of communicating adherence data, recording of data and cloud storage. Finally key areas that still require investigation are highlighted.
Reliability analysis of aeroplane brakes (1999)

The reliability of wear/failure data of brake assemblies of a commercial aeroplane (Boeing 737) is analysed using the Weibull model. This model can be effectively integrated into an aviation maintenance facility computerized material requirement planning system to forecast the number of brake assemblies needed for a given planning horizon. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Fault indicators effects on distribution reliability indices (2005)

SUMMARY Reduction of failure rates and applying effective fault management can be affected in improvement of reliability indices in distribution systems. One of the ways to improving the reliability of distribution networks in fault management procedure is installing Fault Indicators (FIs) in overhead primary networks. FIs allow operators to quickly identify the location of a fault on overhead lines feeders. FIs can reduce fault localization and therefore reduction in outage duration and outage cost. In this paper, modelling of FIs in reliability assessment and computing of related indices such as SAIFI, SAIDI, CAIFI is introduced. Using model development and case studies it is discussed and shown that location and numbers of FIs effect in distribution reliability indices.
Estimation of Sound Speed Profiles Using Artificial Neural Networks (2006)

The vast and complex oceans that are optically opaque are acoustically transparent, enabling characterization of physical and biological bodies and processes of sea using sound as a premier tool. Lack of direct observations of vertical profiles of velocimeters and/or temperature and salinity, from which sound speed can be calculated, limits specifications and investigation of temporal and spatial variabilities of the three-dimensional structure of the sound speed in the oceans. In this study, the authors demonstrate estimation of sound speed profiles (SSPs) from surface observations using an artificial neural network (ANN) method. Surface observations from a mooring in the central Arabian Sea are used as a proxy to the satellite observations. The ANN-estimated SSPs had a root-mean-square error of 1.16 m/s and a coefficient of determination of 0.98. About 76% (93%) of the estimates lie within <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$pm$</tex> 1 m/s ( <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$pm$</tex> 2 m/s) of the SSPs obtained from in situ temperature and salinity profiles.
Electro-tactile feedback system for achieving embodiment in a tele-operated robot (2014)

Tele-operation can enable an operator to control a robot remotely in inaccessible and hazardous environments. However, controlling a robot remotely via a conventional monitor and control panel can be difficult and slow. To achieve faster and more dexterous operation of the robot, enhanced 3D perception and some form of tactile or neural feedback is needed to achieve some degree of embodiment within the robot's physical structure and world. To achieve this objective we have devised an immersive tele-operation system comprised of a stereo vision headset and an electro-tactile feedback system that is worn by the operator, connected to stereo cameras and various sensors mounded on the robot. This arrangement enables the remote operator to see in 3D what the robot sees and experience what the robot feels via electro-tactile feedback in response to hand gesture based control actions. We provide experimental results showing how our tele-operation system can enable the operator to achieve better control of a mobile robot via a sense of being partially "embodied" within the robot.