gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
10.8 A 4-Element 500MHz-Modulated-BW 40mW 6b 1GS/s Analog-Time-to-Digital-Converter-Enabled Spatial Signal Processor in 65nm CMOS (2020)

Next-generation phased-array systems with large modulated bandwidths (BW) and high energy efficiency will enable Gb/s wireless communications. The spatial signal processing at this large scale using state-of-the-art phase-shifter (PS)-based arrays causes unsolved challenges in dense interference-limited networks with large modulated BWs. In addition, the need for frequency-independent array gain demands low-complexity and energy/area-efficient true-time-delay(TTD)-based spatial signal processing. Recent works have demonstrated beam-nulling [1], [2] and beamforming [2]-[4] for PS and TTD systems. In [1], a baseband(BB)-to-RF impedance translation is used for beam nulling with a swept single tone only. In [2], an autonomous spatial filter without external controls is implemented for large modulated BW. However, its PS-based method introduces frequency-dependent filtering for applications at lower RF carrier frequencies (large fractional BWs). To avoid beam-squint in beamforming, the digital TTD-based beamformer is implemented in [3] with 100MHz BW; however, the required 16 ADCs (1/element) increases the overall RX power consumption. In [4], a 100MHz analog BB beamforming architecture implementing TTD in the clock path is shown. However, the switched-capacitor implementation is insufficient to support large modulated BWs with high energy efficiency for next-generation communication links.
Transforming Growth Factor-Beta Signaling in the Neural Stem Cell Niche: A Therapeutic Target for Huntington's Disease (2011)

The neural stem cell niches possess the regenerative capacity to generate new functional neurons in the adult brain, suggesting the possibility of endogenous neuronal replacement after injury or disease. Huntington disease (HD) is a neurodegenerative disease and characterized by neuronal loss in the basal ganglia, leading to motor, cognitive, and psychological disabilities. Apparently, in order to make use of the neural stem cell niche as a therapeutic concept for repair strategies in HD, it is important to understand the cellular and molecular composition of the neural stem cell niche under such neurodegenerative conditions. This paper mainly discusses the current knowledge on the regulation of the hippocampal neural stem cell niche in the adult brain and by which mechanism it might be compromised in the case of HD.
[Analyses of T cell clonality in mice with autoimmune sialoadenitis]. (1995)

T cells are believed to be deeply involved in the pathogenesis of organ-specific autoimmune diseases. However, it remains unknown whether antigen-specific immune responses occur at the inflammatory sites in vivo. As a model of human Sjögren's syndrome, we investigated the T cell clonality of mice with autoimmune sialoadenitis, i.e. IQI/Jcl-(Saegusa et al), thymus grafted (TG) nude-(Taguchi et al), and MRL/lpr-SCID (Hayashi et al) mice; using RT-PCR-SSCP method. As a result, accumulations of distinct T cell clones were demonstrated in the salivary and lacrimal glands in these mice, without V beta restriction. Moreover, a part of the accumulating clones were commonly detected among multiple glands, suggesting the existence of a common and specific immune response probably toward autoantigen(s) expressed on the affected glands.
AA β public key cryptosystem - A new practical asymmetric implementation based on the square root problem (2012)

This paper aims to provide a practical implementation one of a probabilistic cipher proposed by M.R.K. Ariffin, M.A. Asbullah and N.A. Abu called as AAβ. We provide details on designing and implementing the AAβ algorithm. Furthermore, to support our understanding by providing a statistical analysis of times taken to implement the key generation, encryption and decryption algorithm for the key sizes 3072, 6144, 9216 and 12288 bits for message spaces of 4n where n = 512, 1024, 1536 and 2048 bits. We show the working of the AAβ algorithm purely from a practical standpoint to justify if it is practically implementable even for large data sets operating on large key sizes.
Clinical validity: Defining biomarker performance (2010)

A central phase in the evaluation of a biomarker is the assessment of its clinical validity. In most cases, clinical validity will be expressed in terms of the marker's diagnostic accuracy: the degree to which it can be used to identify diseased patients or, more generally, patients with the target condition. Diagnostic accuracy is evaluated in diagnostic accuracy studies, in which the biomarker values are compared to the outcome of the clinical reference standard in the same patients. There are several ways in which the results of diagnostic accuracy studies can be summarized, reported, and interpreted. We present an overview and a critical commentary of the available measures. We classify them as error-based measures, information-based measures, and measures of the strength of the association.The diagnostic accuracy is not a fixed property of a marker. All accuracy measures may vary between studies, not just through chance, but also with changes in the definition of the target condition, the spectrum of disease, the setting, and the amount of prior testing. We discuss the relativity of the claim that likelihood ratios are a superior way of expressing the accuracy of biomarkers, and defend the use of the sometimes downgraded statistics sensitivity and specificity.
Reaktion von KSi mit M(CO)6 (MCr, Mo, W) und Cr(CO)5NMe3 – Struktur von [K(DME)2]2[Cr2(CO)10] (DME=1,2‐Dimethoxyethan) (1991)

Reaction of KSi with M(CO) 6 (MCr, Mo, W) and Cr(CO) 5 NMe 3 – Crystal Structure of [K(DME) 2 ] 2 [Cr 2 (CO) 10 ] (DME=1.2‐Dimethoxyethane) M(CO) 6 (MCr, Mo, W) and Cr(CO) 5 NMe 3 are reduced by KSi in DME during several days with formation of the anions [M 2 (CO) 10 ] 2⊖ . These can be obtained from a DME/toluene solution as pale yellow or orange crystals of [K(DME) 2 ] 2 [M 2 (CO) 10 ] [MCr ( 1 ), Mo ( 2 ), W ( 3 )]. A crystal structure determination of the chromium compound shows that strong interactions between the [Cr 2 (CO) 10 ] 2⊖ and the K ⊕ ions exist in the solid state, leading to the formation of one‐dimensional polymeric chains. 2 and 3 are isomorphous to 1 (powder diffraction, Rietveld method).
Influence of the Molecular Structure on the Photoanisotropic Properties of Azodyes (2000)

Abstract The influence of azo-dye molecular structure, especially of the terminal substituents on the photo-induced anisotropic properties of their films was investigated. In order to avoid the solubility of azo-dyes in liquid crystals (LC), their sodium salts were synthesised. The photoinduced anisotropic properties were studied both as individual substances and as mixtures with polyamide acid (PAA). The pretilt angles of nematic liquid crystals oriented by photoanisotropic films of azo-dye with PAA were measured.
Safety Checkpoints (2016)

We have demonstrated an approach for assessing the power densities radiated by security scanners and described in detail a methodology for simulating the resulting heat transfer to the human skin. We have also illustrated a simple and practical measurement setup based on the illumination of a gel phantom with millimeter-wave radiation and temperature measurements based on thermal imaging. The measurements show that the simulations are realistic and, therefore, can be used to predict the heat transfer to the human skin. Further work on simulations and measurements, e.g., related to the heating of the eyes, are intended.
Reduction in Proportion of Senescent CD8+ T Lymphocytes During Chemotherapy of Children with Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (2016)

Immunomodulating action of chemotherapy in children with ALL results in reduction of proportion of senescent CD8<sup>+</sup> T lymphocytes.
Treating hepatitis D with bulevirtide – Real-world experience from 114 patients (2023)

Clinical trials proved the efficacy of bulevirtide for chronic hepatitis D and led to conditional approval by the European Medical Agency. Now it is of great interest to investigate the effects of bulevirtide treatment in a real-world setting. In this work, we included data from 114 patients with chronic hepatitis D who were treated with bulevirtide at 16 German centers. A virologic response was seen in 87/114 cases. After 24 weeks of treatment, only a small proportion of patients did not respond to treatment. At the same time, signs of liver inflammation improved. This observation was independent from changes in hepatitis D viral load. The treatment was generally well tolerated. In the future, it will be of interest to investigate the long-term effects of this new treatment.
Polarization-Insensitive Dual-Band Switchable Absorber With Independent Switching (2017)

A dual-band switchable absorber is presented with independent switching of absorption frequencies. The unit cell of the proposed structure is composed of an annular ring and a cross-dipole, where switchable p-i-n diodes are embedded. By controlling the bias voltage of the diodes, both the absorption frequencies can be switched between two frequency bands independently, thereby resulting in a dual-band/bandwidth-enhanced absorber. Moreover, the proposed design is polarization-independent due to fourfold symmetry unlike the earlier reported switchable absorbers. A novel biasing network has also been developed for measuring the fabricated structure, which is experimentally verified under normal incidence.
Phorbol ester-induced actin assembly in neutrophils: role of protein kinase C. (1992)

The shape changes and membrane ruffling that accompany neutrophil activation are dependent on the assembly and reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton, the molecular basis of which remains to be clarified. A role of protein kinase C (PKC) has been postulated because neutrophil activation, with the attendant shape and membrane ruffling changes, can be initiated by phorbol esters, known activators of PKC. It has become apparent, however, that multiple isoforms of PKC with differing substrate specificities exist. To reassess the role of PKC in cytoskeletal reorganization, we compared the effects of diacylglycerol analogs and of PKC antagonists on kinase activity and on actin assembly in human neutrophils. Ruffling of the plasma membrane was assessed by scanning EM, and spatial redistribution of filamentous (F)-actin was assessed by scanning confocal microscopy. Staining with NBD-phallacidin and incorporation of actin into the Triton X-100-insoluble ("cytoskeletal") fraction were used to quantify the formation of (F)-actin. [32P]ATP was used to detect protein phosphorylation in electroporated cells. Exposure of neutrophils to 4 beta-PMA (an activator of PKC) induced protein phosphorylation, membrane ruffling, and assembly and reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton, whereas the 4a-isomer, which is inactive towards PKC, failed to produce any of these changes. Moreover, 1,2-dioctanoylglycerol, mezerein, and 3-(N-acetylamino)-5-(N-decyl-N-methylamino)-benzyl alcohol, which are nonphorbol activators of PKC, also promoted actin assembly. Although these effects were consistent with a role of PKC, the following observations suggested that stimulation of conventional isoforms of the kinase were not directly responsible for actin assembly: (a) Okadaic acid, an inhibitor of phosphatases 1 and 2A, potentiated PMA-induced protein phosphorylation, but not actin assembly; and (b) PMA-induced actin assembly and membrane ruffling were not prevented by the conventional PKC inhibitors 1-(5-isoquinolinesulfonyl)-2-methylpiperazine, staurosporine, calphostin C, or sphingosine at concentrations that precluded PMA-induced protein phosphorylation and superoxide production. On the other hand, PMA-induced actin assembly was inhibited by long-chain fatty acid coenzyme A esters, known inhibitors of nuclear PKC (nPKC). We conclude that PMA-induced actin assembly is unlikely to be mediated by the conventional isoforms of PKC, but may be mediated by novel isoforms of the kinase such as nPKC.
Personality correlates of glycemic control in type 2 diabetes. (2000)

Personality traits may offer new insights into variations in glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes undergoing standard management. The relative tendency to experience fewer negative emotions and to focus on the needs of others instead of oneself could prove to be a risk factor for poor glycemic control.
Manufacturing of diffractive elements in fused silica using high repetition rate femtosecond Yb:KGW laser pulses (2010)

In this work we discuss volume phase gratings made in fused silica using high-repetition-rate femtosecond Yb:KGW laser pulses. By exposing fused silica to focused femtosecond laser radiation, regions of modified refractive index were induced. Exploiting this phenomenon gratings were fabricated in the bulk of fused silica by the direct laser writing technique. Gratings with index change of 0.008 and diffraction efficiency of 57% were successfully manufactured using 300-fs laser pulses focused in the fused silica with a 0.42 numerical aperture objective.
Two-dimensional combinatorial screening enables the bottom-up design of a microRNA-10b inhibitor (2014)

The RNA motifs that bind guanidinylated kanamycin A (G Kan A) and guanidinylated neomycin B (G Neo B) were identified via two-dimensional combinatorial screening (2DCS). The results of these studies enabled the "bottom-up" design of a small molecule inhibitor of oncogenic microRNA-10b.
The Acceleration and Confinement of Energetic Electrons by a Termination Shock in a Magnetic Trap: An Explanation for Nonthermal Loop-top Sources during Solar Flares (2019)

Abstract Nonthermal loop-top sources in solar flares are the most prominent observational signatures that suggest energy release and particle acceleration in the solar corona. Although several scenarios for particle acceleration have been proposed, the origin of the loop-top sources remains unclear. Here we present a model that combines a large-scale magnetohydrodynamic simulation of a two-ribbon flare with a particle acceleration and transport model for investigating electron acceleration by a fast-mode termination shock (TS) at the loop top. Our model provides spatially resolved electron distribution that evolves in response to the dynamic flare geometry. We find a concave-downward magnetic structure located below the flare TS, induced by the fast reconnection downflows. It acts as a magnetic trap to confine the electrons at the loop top for an extended period of time. The electrons are energized significantly as they cross the shock front, and eventually build up a power-law energy spectrum extending to hundreds of kiloelectron volts. We suggest that this particle acceleration and transport scenario driven by a flare TS is a viable interpretation for the observed nonthermal loop-top sources.
Supplementary Figure 15 from PGC1α-Mediated Metabolic Reprogramming Drives the Stemness of Pancreatic Precursor Lesions (2023)

&lt;p&gt;SR18292, an inhibitor of PGC1α reduces stemness in IPMN&lt;/p&gt;
Portable in situ temperature‐dependent spectroscopy on a low‐cost microfluidic platform integrated with a battery‐powered thermofoil heater (2023)

A low-cost microfluidic platform integrated with a flexible heater was developed for in situ temperature-dependent spectroscopic measurement at the point of care. After verifying the system by comparing on-chip spectroscopic measurement of methylene blue with the conventional spectroscopy, we demonstrated its applications in temperature-dependent absorption spectroscopy of a model biomolecule, curcumin. The system is portable, battery-powered and requires ultra-low volumes of analytes, which is highly suitable for point-of-care characterization.
An evaluation of FUROX isolation technology for VLSI/nMOSFET fabrication (1988)

A defect-free near-zero bird's beak, fully recessed oxide (FUROX) field-isolation technology has been evaluated through the fabrication of VLSI/nMOSFETs. The FUROX process mainly consists of: (1) a thin nitrided oxide as the stress buffer layer and the interface sealing layer for local oxidation enhancement; and (2) a novel more-reliable nitride masking structure for a two-step field oxidation and a self-aligned field implantation. The elimination of the necking effect on positive photoresist and the improvement of critical dimension control for polysilicon gates using the planarized isolation have been demonstrated. Through electrical characterization of n/sup +/-p diodes and field and active transistors, the FUROX devices have been shown to provide low leakage-current level, good isolation property, and large recovery of the effective channel width (1.4 mu m). Therefore, the serious narrow-width effects that exist in conventional LOCOS (local oxidation of silicon) isolated have been effectively reduced. Using histogram analysis, the reliability of the masking structure had hence good uniformity of device properties for FUROX isolation have been exhibited. The successful fabrication of FUROX devices with W/sub eff/=0.6 mu m clearly demonstrates that FUROX isolation technology is greatly superior to conventional LOCOS.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Retention and removal of the fish pathogenic bacterium Yersinia ruckeri in biological sand filters (2004)

This study increases the understanding of the dynamics of sand filters subjected to a high loading of a pathogenic bacterium and can therefore be used in future work were the overall aim is to provide a more reliable and efficient removal of pathogenic bacteria in biological sand filter systems.
Semiquantitative Atomic Force Microscopy-Infrared Spectroscopy Analysis of Chemical Gradients in Silicone Optical Waveguides (2020)

Crossing losses in silicone optical waveguides are related to the magnitude and spatial extent of the waveguide refractive index gradient. When processing conditions are altered, the refractive index gradient can vary substantially, even when the formulation remains constant. Controlling the refractive index gradient requires control of the concentration of small molecules present within the core and clad layers. Developing a fundamental understanding of how small molecule migration drives changes in crossing loss requires the ability to examine chemical functionality over small length scales, which is a natural fit for atomic force microscopy-infrared spectroscopy (AFM-IR). In this work, AFM-IR spectra from model bilayer stacks are initially examined to understand molecular migration that occurs from heating the core and clad layers. The results of these model studies are then applied to photopatterned waveguide builds, where structure-function relationships are constructed between values of crossing loss and the concentration of C-H and O-H functionalities present in the core and clad layers. Results show that small molecule evaporation and migration are competing processes that need to be controlled to minimize crossing loss.
Methodology, Performance and Problems in ER Clutch Based Positioning Mechanisms (1999)

Progress and problems encountered in the development of a demonstrator of the fast switching, digital motion profile generator based on the electro-rheological catch/brake are set down. Limiting accelerations of ~ 50g have been obtained but with inadequate reliability - evidenced by the onset of avalanche current at high duty loadings.
Wind-tunnel Force-measurements of Gurney Flaps for Active Control of Wind Turbine Blades (2022)

View Video Presentation: https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2022-2294.vid Maximizing the aerodynamic efficiency of wind turbine blades is instrumental to increasing power capture, and, in turn, the annual energy production (AEP) of a wind power plant. In this work, a full-scale NACA 63-218 airfoil of the V27 wind-turbine blades is tested in the subsonic test section of the BLAST wind tunnel at UT Dallas. Measurements of the forces and moments acting on the airfoil are performed through a 6 DOF aerodynamic balance for the baseline airfoil, and for the airfoil modified with Gurney flaps with variable heights equal to 1.5%, 2.0% and 2.5% of the chord length. The Gurney flaps are installed on the pressure side in proximity of the trailing edge. The force measurements performed for Reynolds numbers equal to 8.0 × 10^5 and 1.2 × 10^6 show that deploying a Gurney flap at the trailing edge of the pressure side of the airfoil produces increased lift coefficient in the range of 0.18 - 0.28 with minimal drag variation, while taller Gurney flaps produce more lift force. These results indicate that Gurney flaps can be a promising passive device to increase torque and power capture of utility-scale wind turbines.
Control of supercurrent in a self-assembled InAs quantum dot Josephson junction by electrical tuning of level overlaps (2012)

We study supercurrent in a single InAs self-assembled quantum dot contacted with superconducting leads and demonstrate that for regions where energy level spacing and charging energy are smaller than tunnel coupling, the supercurrent may be controlled by the degree of overlaps between energy levels, which is tunable using a side-gate electrode. In such regions, we find strong correlation between the supercurrent and the normal state conductance when the device parameters are tuned. In a Kondo regime with low Kondo temperature, we find that the scaling of the supercurrent and normal state conductance varies when the side-gate voltage is changed.
FIELD ASSESSMENT OF DYNAMIC CONE PENETRATION TEST TO EVALUATE SAND DENSITY (2015)

Rapid and accurate in-situ measurement of soil properties is still a challenge facing the construction industry and there is a need for new and advanced devices and methods. Dynamic cone penetration test (DCPT) is an effective device used for field exploration and quality assessment of subsoil. DCPT could be used to predict the engineering properties of sand because it is difficult to perform conventional density tests, such as the sand replacement method, especially when loose or submerged sandy soil is encountered. Two cases of DCP field testing were conducted in Al-Jubail and Ras Al-Khair, eastern Saudi Arabia, where the major petrochemical industries are located. These tests were utilized to evaluate the potential use of DCPT to assess the density during the construction of backfills, whereby the nuclear gauge was also used to accurately measure the in situ soil density and water content. The DCP-nuclear gauge data clearly indicated that there is a good correlation between the dry density obtained from the nuclear gauge and the dynamic cone penetration (DCP) readings, which proves that the DCPT is an effective and reliable tool in the assessment of in situ compaction of sand backfills.