gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Example-based caricature generation with exaggeration (2003)

In this paper, we present a system that automatically generates caricatures from input face images. From example caricatures drawn by an artist, our caricature system learns how an artist draws caricatures. In our approach, we decouple the process of caricature generation into two parts, i.e., shape exaggeration and texture style transferring. The exaggeration of a caricature is accomplished by a prototype-based method that captures the artist's understanding of what are distinctive features of a face and the exaggeration style. Such prototypes are learnt by analyzing the correlation between the image caricature pairs using partial least-squares (PLS). Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of our system.
Active visual category learning (2011)

Visual recognition research develops algorithms and representations to autonomously recognize visual entities such as objects, actions, and attributes. The traditional protocol involves manually collecting training image examples, annotating them in specific ways, and then learning models to explain the annotated examples. However, this is a rather limited way to transfer human knowledge to visual recognition systems, particularly considering the immense number of visual concepts that are to be learned. I propose new forms of active learning that facilitate large-scale transfer of human knowledge to visual recognition systems in a cost-effective way. The approach is cost-effective in the sense that the division of labor between the machine learner and the human annotators respects any cues regarding which annotations would be easy (or hard) for either party to provide. The approach is large-scale in that it can deal with a large number of annotation types, multiple human annotators, and huge pools of unlabeled data. In particular, I consider three important aspects of the problem: v (1) cost-sensitive multi-level active learning, where the expected informativeness of any candidate image annotation is weighed against the predicted cost of obtaining it in order to
First scientific dives of the Nereid Under Ice hybrid ROV in the Arctic Ocean. (2014)

The first scientific dives of the new Nereid Under Ice (NUI) hybrid ROV were conducted in the Arctic Ocean in July 2014 on RV Polarstern cruise PS86, a German-US collaboration. NUI is the latest in a family of vehicles derived from the Nereus prototype, using a single optical fiber to provide real-time telemetry to and from a battery-powered vehicle allowing much greater lateral maneuverability relative to its support ship than a conventional ROV. During PS86, dives conducted in the Arctic Ocean (typical water depths ~4000m) were completed in >80% ice cover beneath multi-year ice that was typically 2-4m thick (increasing to depths of up to 20m beneath ridges). Dives extended up to 800m away from the ship and, over dive durations of approximately 5 hours each, covered survey tracklines of up to 3.7km at depths varying from “landing” on the underside of the sea-ice to maximum depths of 45m to conduct upward looking multibeam sonar mapping. Ultimately, the vehicle will be capable of both AUV and ROV mode operations at ranges of 10-20km away from the support ship and at up to 2000m water depth (including seafloor as well as under ice operations). During the current cruise, the following major science suites were utilized to prove a range of scientific capabilities of the vehicle in ice-covered oceans: multibeam mapping of rugged topography beneath multi-year sea-ice; video- and digital still photography of the under side of the ice, biota associated with the ice-water interface (algal material) and abundant fauna in the immediately underlying water column (ctenophores, larvaceans, copepods were all notable for their abundance in our study site over the Gakkel Ridge near 83N, 6W). Other scientific activities included: vertical profiles combining CTD data with a suite of biosensors to investigate the structure of primary productivity and biogeochemical cycling in minimally distrubed areas of the sunlit under-ice water column, revealing high stratification associated with meltwater formation; lateral surveys of radiance and irradiance (together with co-registered measurements on top of the same ice-floe on our last dive) to investigate light availability and variability as a function of ice-cover. We will present examples of each of these data sets, together with an outline of suggested future activities that NUI could pursue.
Localizing Heart Sounds in Respiratory Signals Using Singular Spectrum Analysis (2011)

Respiratory sounds are always contaminated by heart sound interference. An essential preprocessing step in some of the heart sound cancellation methods is localizing primary heart sound components. Singular spectrum analysis (SSA), a powerful time series analysis technique, is used in this paper. Despite the frequency overlap of the heart and lung sound components, two different trends in the eigenvalue spectra are recognizable, which leads to find a subspace that contains more information about the underlying heart sound. Artificially mixed and real respiratory signals are used for evaluating the performance of the method. Selecting the appropriate length for the SSA window results in good decomposition quality and low computational cost for the algorithm. The results of the proposed method are compared with those of well-established methods, which use the wavelet transform and entropy of the signal to detect the heart sound components. The proposed method outperforms the wavelet-based method in terms of false detection and also correlation with the underlying heart sounds. Performance of the proposed method is slightly better than that of the entropy-based method. Moreover, the execution time of the former is significantly lower than that of the latter.
Future Light-Duty Vehicles: Predicting their Fuel Consumption and Carbon-Reduction Potential (2001)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;The transportation sector in the United States is a major contributor to global energy consumption and carbon dioxide emission. To assess the future potentials of different technologies in addressing these two issues, we used a family of simulation programs to predict fuel consumption for passenger cars in 2020. The selected technology combinations that have good market potential and could be in mass production include: advanced gasoline and diesel internal combustion engine vehicles with automatically-shifting clutched transmissions, gasoline, diesel, and compressed natural gas hybrid electric vehicles with continuously variable transmissions, direct hydrogen, gasoline and methanol reformer fuel cell hybrid electric vehicles with direct ratio drive, and battery electric vehicle with direct ratio drive. Using appropriately researched assumptions and input variables, calculations were performed to estimate the energy consumption and carbon dioxide emissions of the different technology combinations. Comparing the results for the vehicle driving cycle only, an evolutionary fuel consumption improvement of about 35 percent can be expected for the baseline gasoline car, given only market pressures and gradual regulatory requirements. With more research and investment in technology, an advanced gasoline engine car may further reduce fuel consumption by 12%, and a gasoline electric hybrid by 40%, as compared to the evolutionary car. Diesel versions of the advanced combustion and hybrid vehicles may be 10-15% better than their gasoline counterparts. Compressed natural gas hybrid vehicle may reduce fuel consumption by 3-4% but may reduce carbon dioxide emission by 25%. Meanwhile, a direct hydrogen fuel cell electric hybrid vehicle may have the greatest improvement over the baseline at 55%, but the gasoline and methanol reformers fuel cell versions appear very expensive and offer little benefit. Finally, aside from critical battery limitations, the electric vehicle is difficult to compare to other vehicles without taking into account the electricity generation process.&lt;/div&gt;
Measurement of the Ossicular Vibration Ratio in Human Temporal Bones by Use of a Video Measuring System (1987)

Vibration modes of the ossicles and the lever function were studied in human cadaver temporal bones with an intact cochlea. After placing tiny steel spheres on the ossicles, ossicular vibration to a sound stimulus was measured by observing the displacements of the spheres under a microscope with strobe illumination by means of a video measuring system. The lever ratio varied from 1.9 at 0.6 kHz (minimum) to a peak of 6 near 2 kHz. This relatively high lever ratio at higher frequencies was considered to be caused by a shift of the malleus-incus rotation axis secondary to the loading of the cochlear fluid on the ossicular system. Dependence of the lever ratio on frequency indicated that the rotation axis of the ossicles was not fixed, but variable according to frequency due to a relative increase in the translational movements of the rotation axis of the malleus and incus with frequency.
Sequential fluctuation pattern of serum des-γ-carboxy prothrombin levels detected by high-sensitive electrochemiluminescence system as an early predictive marker for hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with cirrhosis (2002)

Serum concentration levels of des-gamma-carboxy prothrombin (DCP), alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) and Lens culinaris agglutinin-reactive fraction (AFP-L3) are useful tumor markers for the diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Recently, a novel immunoassay using the electrochemiluminescence (ECLIA) was developed to enable measurement of low-concentration of DCP. This study investigated the usefulness of high-sensitive DCP for the early diagnosis of HCC. The subjects consisted of 90 patients with viral cirrhosis who could be followed for at least 24 months from 1992 to 1997. Fifty-six of these patients developed HCC and 34 patients had not by 1998. We measured the serum levels of high-sensitive DCP, AFP and %AFP-L3 every 3 months during 2 years before the detection of tumor in patients with HCC and during 2 years from 1995 to 97 in patients without HCC. Youden's index was calculated for evaluation of the ideal cut-off levels. The patterns of serial changes during 2 years were divided into two types: fluctuating type and non-fluctuating type. Cut-off levels of 40 mAU/ml for high-sensitive DCP (Youden's index = 0.435), 20 ng/ml for AFP (Youden's index = 0.442) and 10% for %AFP-L3 (Youden's index = 0.364) gave the highest index for each marker. When these markers were combined, the combination of high-sensitive DCP, AFP and %AFP-L3 gave the highest accuracy (sensitivity = 82.1%, specificity = 82.4%, accuracy = 82.2%). Fluctuating type of high-sensitive DCP, AFP and %AFP-L3 levels were found in 15 (17%), 29 (32%) and 11 (12%) patients, respectively. The rate of complication with HCC in the patients who showed the fluctuating type of high-sensitive DCP levels was significantly greater than that in the patients who showed non-fluctuating type (P<0.01). These results suggest that periodic measurement of serum DCP levels using ECLIA method is very useful for HCC screening and predicting the development of HCC.
Ring c functionalised diterpenoids. Part V. Preparation and formolysis of (16S)-ent-12β-p-tolylsulphonyloxykaurane and the (16S)-ent-13-p-tolylsulphonyloxyatisanes (1975)

The preparation and characterisation of the ring C functionalised (16S)-ent-kauranols (1a and b) and (4a and b) and (16S)-ent-atisanols (2a and b), and the corresponding ketones (1c), (4c), and (2c) are described. The room temperature formolysis of the toluene-p-sulphonate esters of (1a), (2a), and (2b)[(1d), (2d), and (2e), respectively] followed by basic hydrolysis, gives mixtures which contain products [(7a), (7b), and (9)] of 1,3-hydride shift. It is suggested that a classical bicyclo[2.2.2]octyl-type cation (F) is a significant intermediate in these solvolyses, and that differences in the amounts of hydride shift products obtained from (1d) on the one hand, and (2d) and (2e) on the other, result from differing degrees of solvation of (F).
Analysis of Fremont River Strath Terraces in the Area of Capitol Reef National Park, Utah – Implications for Fluvial Landscape Evolution and the Role of Climate Forcing (2007)

Abstract Elevation, longitudinal profile, and Schmidt hammer data indicate that the two lowermost strath terrace levels mapped in the Fremont River drainage of Capitol Reef National Park correlate in elevation and relative age to the two terrace levels of the smaller Pleasant Creek drainage located approximately 16 km (10 mi) to the south. This correlation suggests that drainage development in this area of the Colorado Plateau was strongly dependent upon a regional-scale forcing mechanism (e.g., climate) rather than strictly independent fluvial drainage-scale processes. Our data demonstrate that because the Fremont River drainage has numerous additional strath terrace levels at elevations much higher than observed in the Pleasant Creek drainage, the Fremont River drainage is much older than the Pleasant Creek drainage. The number of strath terraces at given elevations (terrace population data) indicates that glacial-interglacial climate forcing played an important role in the landscape evolution of both drainages and by inference, the broader Colorado Plateau. We compared terrace elevation data with published cosmogenic ages for several terrace deposits within the Fremont River drainage east of our study area. This comparison suggests that highest concentrations of preserved terraces may be time-correlative with discrete isotopic stages associated with glacial-maximum and/or deglacial conditions (or phase-shifted from them). Our data also demonstrate that during the past approximately 200 kyr in this area of the Fremont River, incision rates are on the order of 85 cm/kyr (34 in/kyr), which is at the high end of reported rates from other studies on the Colorado Plateau. Finally, the Fremont River and Pleasant Creek display a vertically stepped profile as they cut down through the relatively resistant sandstone of the Glen Canyon Group within the Waterpocket Fold. In contrast, Sulphur Creek, an upstream tributary to the Fremont River, stepped laterally during downcutting through the mudstone-rich Moody Canyon Member of the Moenkopi Formation. We conclude that the style of landscape evolution created by fluvial processes varies in this area with the relative hardness of exposed bedrock.
Effect of Doxazosin on Plasma Lipids and Atherogenesis (1989)

Chronic treatment with selective alpha 1-inhibitors has a beneficial impact on plasma lipids and arterial pressure. To study the effect of selective alpha 1-inhibition on atherogenesis, gerbils and hamsters were fed rodent chow containing 0.2% cholesterol and 10% coconut oil (by weight). One group of each species received the selective alpha 1-inhibitor doxazosin (gerbil, 17 mg/kg/day; hamster, 11 mg/kg/day) in the diet. In gerbils treated for 6 weeks with doxazosin, plasma total cholesterol fell by 39% and very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) plus low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol by 52% compared with control levels. Plasma triglyceride and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol were unaffected. In hamsters treated with doxazosin for 6 weeks, plasma total cholesterol, VLDL plus LDL cholesterols, and triglyceride were reduced by approximately 40% compared with hyperlipidemic controls. HDL cholesterol, mean arterial pressure, and heart rate were not significantly altered. Using en face preparations of the hamster aortic arch, intimal macrophage-derived foam cells were quantitated. Compared with controls, doxazosin reduced the number of intimal foam cells/mm2 by 71%. We suggest that selective alpha 1-inhibition reduces foam cell accumulation by lowering plasma lipids and/or by a direct effect on the arterial wall.
Acute stent recoil in the left main coronary artery treated with additional stenting. (2003)

We report a case of acute stent recoil occurring after the stenting of an ostial left main coronary artery lesion. The marked recoil after high-pressure balloon inflation confirmed that the radial force of the first stent was unable to ensure vessel patency. The addition of a second stent provided the necessary support to achieve a good final result. This case illustrates a possible complication of aorto-ostial angioplasty that could be treated with double stenting.
IMMUNOLOGICAL DISTURBANCES IN PATIENTS WITH PREMATURE OVARIAN FAILURE (1986)

Eighteen patients with postmenopausal gonadotrophin levels and secondary amenorrhoea before the age of 35 years (premature ovarian failure, POF) were examined for the presence of cellular and humoral immune defects. Six patients had an abnormally low natural killer (NK) cell activity. The levels of circulating immune complexes were increased in six patients. Tissue antibodies were detected in six patients and two of these possessed ovarian antibodies. Leukocyte migration inhibition in the presence of ovarian antigen was slightly enhanced in three patients. Altogether 12 patients (66%) with POF had some immunological defect or defects suggesting that immune mechanisms are often involved in the aetiology of POF.
A Traceless Directing Group for CH Borylation (2013)

Not a trace: Borylation of the nitrogen in nitrogen heterocycles or anilines provides a traceless directing group for subsequent catalytic C-H borylation. Selectivities that previously required Boc protection can be achieved; furthermore, the NBpin directing group can be installed and removed in-situ, and product yields are substantially higher. Boc=tert-butoxycarbonyl, pin=pinacolato.
Nanoparticle-templated polyamide membranes for improved biofouling resistance (2021)

Using alumina nanoparticles on the membrane support alters the resulting polyamide properties to reduce biofouling on desalination membranes.
Fully state-resolved photodissociation of formaldehyde, H2CO→H+HCO: K conservation and a rigorous test of statistical theories (2005)

The photodissociation dynamics of the reaction H2CO+hnu --> H + HCO have been investigated in the range 60-400 cm(-1) above the reaction threshold. Supersonically cooled formaldehyde was excited into 15 specific J, K(a), K, rotational states i n two vibrational lev el s 2(1) 4(1) 6(1) and 2(2) 4(1) in the A(1A2) state. The laser-induced fluorescence spectra of the nascent HCO fragment provided detailed product state distributions (PSDs), resolved by N, K(a), K(c), and J. When just the overall molecular rotation N is considered the PSDs are in remarkable agreement with calculations based on phase space theory (PST). However, when the projection of N onto the molecular frame (K(a),K(c)) is included the distributions show consistent deviations from PST. In particular, there is a tendency to preserve the initial parent rotational motion about the a and b axes. The effect is that states with higher initial K(a) in H2CO produce higher final K(a) in the HCO fragment. There is also a tendency for the upper/lower members of the asymmetry doublets in H2CO to map onto the same upper/lower set of product state asymmetry doublets. Finally, there are oscillations in some of the detailed PSDs that remain unexplained.
Evaluation of hemodynamic changes using near‐infrared spectroscopy in patients with tic‐related obsessive–compulsive disorder (2021)

Brain activation in the frontopolar cortex exhibits different hemodynamics depending on the task, and DLPFC function may play a different role in the neural basis of developing OCD symptoms between OCD patients with and without TD.
Effect of pedagogy on conceptual change in an introductory materials science course (2010)

In this paper on research–to-practice we have addressed the question of what the effect of different pedagogies would be on conceptualchange and repair of misconceptions or ‘impediments’ of different origin. This has been done by measuring conceptual change over asemester with a Materials Concept Inventory (MCI) for four introductory materials science courses taught by the same instructor whoemployed four different pedagogies in 2002, 2003, 2007, and 2009. Conceptual change theory was used to frame the overall study using results of gains from particular MCI questions. These questions were selected since they each represented a prototype that fit Taber’sfive categories of the types of impediments that underlie the origins of different types of misconceptions. The degree of conceptualchange achieved for the four different types of pedagogies was analyzed using Chi’s recently published schema for characterizing theeffectiveness of different active learning activities based on hypothesized underlying cognitive processes. In applying Chi’s framework toMCI results for conceptual gain for the four pedagogies, they were ranked as follows: interactive with hands-on activity (conceptsketching) > interactive with sorting activity (concept-context sort with no hands-on) > interactive discussion only > passive (lecture).Thus, the results agree in general with Chi’s predicted effectiveness of learning, except that hands-on activities produced the mostconceptual change as measured by the selected MCI questions. Overall, in this research–to-practice practice paper we have addressed,with a limited set of results, the question of what effect different pedagogies have on conceptual change and repair of misconceptions or‘impediments’ of different origin. The results indicate that it may be possible to use these principles to design and create classroomenvironments, instructional materials, and activities that are intended to elicit in students cognitive processes and learning mechanismsthat result in different degrees of conceptual gain in materials science and other engineering disciplines.
Laboratory Evaluation of Ultra-short Metal Monolith Catalyst (1998)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;The performance of the fast lightoff, ultra-short metal monolith (SMM) catalyst technology was evaluated in a laboratory rig capable of simulating automotive exhaust streams. Tests focused primarily on determining the lightoff behavior of the fresh and engine aged catalyst over a wide range of air to fuel ratios (A/F). Experimental results are compared with estimates of mass transfer controlled operation for the geometry of the catalyst substrate. The effects of different space velocities, cycling between rich and lean gas streams, and addition of SO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; are also investigated. Additionally, the effect of thermal aging on the catalyst/substrate interface is discussed.&lt;/div&gt;
Clinical Course and Surgical Prognosis of 33 Cases of Intracranial Epidermoid Tumors (1989)

Thirty-three cases of intracranial epidermoid tumors treated during the past 25 years were analyzed with regard to clinical manifestations, recurrence rates related to the extent of surgery, and long-term survival rates. Epidermoid tumors caused various symptoms, especially in the cerebellopontine angle (15 cases), of which a transient remission of symptoms was observed in 4 cases (23.5%). The average time from initial symptoms to surgery was much shorter in suprasellar region and third ventricular locations (average of 11 months) than in other locations (average of 7 years). In 28 patients (84.9%), the tumor was removed totally or subtotally. Most of the patients could lead an independent and useful life after operation (93.1%). Among the 29 patients in a long-term follow-up survey, seven tumors recurred after an average interval of 8 years and 10 months (from the first to second operation) and 12 years and 6 months (from the second to third operation). Patients with recurrent tumors were successfully treated, and excellent functional prognosis was observed even after the second or third operation. The 20-year survival rate was 92.8% (Kaplan-Meier method).