gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Impact of E-Commerce on Competition in the Retail Brokerage Industry (2005)

This paper analyzes the impact of e-commerce on markets where established firms face competition from Internet-based entrants with focused offerings. In particular, we study the retail brokerage sector where the growth of online brokerages and the availability of alternate sources of information and research services have challenged the dominance of traditional brokerages. We develop a stylized game-theoretic model to analyze the impact of competition between an incumbent full-service brokerage firm with a bundled offering of research services and trade execution and an online entrant offering just trade execution. We find that as consumers’ willingness to pay for research declines, the incumbent finds it optimal to unbundle its offering when competing with the online entrant. We also find that the online entrant chooses a lower quality of trade execution when faced with direct competition from the incumbent’s unbundled offering. The analytical model motivates a unique field experiment placing actual simultaneous trades with traditional full-service and online brokers, to compare order handling practices and the quality of trade execution. In keeping with our analytical results, our empirical findings show a significant difference in the quality of execution between online brokerages and their full-service counterparts. We discuss the relevance of our findings for quality differentiation, price convergence, and profit decline in a variety of markets where traditional incumbents are faced with changes in the competitive landscape as a result of e-commerce.
[P1–242]: GENOME‐WIDE ASSOCIATION STUDY OF ALZHEIMER DISEASE ENDOPHENOTYPES AT PRECLINICAL AND MCI STAGES (2017)

Genetic associations for endophenotypes of Alzheimer's disease (AD) in cognitive stages preceding Alzheimer disease have not been thoroughly evaluated. We conducted genome-wide association studies using brain hippocampal volume (HPV), logical memory test scores (LMT), and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) levels of amyloid β42 and total/phosphorylated tau (t-/p-Tau) in 305 clinically normal (CN), 581 mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and 190 AD subjects in the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative study. Differential expression profiles of the top ranked genes were evaluated using 50 AD and 21 control brains for AD status and neurofibrillary tangle pathology (Braak stages) using RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) data from Eisai Brain Bank. Enriched pathways of the top ranked genes were determined by cell-type specific co-expression network analysis using single cell RNA-seq data from the GEO database. In CN subjects, study-wide significant associations (SWS, p<8.33x10-9) were identified for t-Tau with SNPs near SRRM4 (best SNP: rs10775009, P=1.59x10-9) and C14orf79 (rs2819438, P=4.58x10-9), and for HPV with SNPs between PDGFRL and MTUS1 (rs4921790, P=1.38x10-9). In MCI subjects, SWS association was found with SNPs near ZNF804B for LMT-delayed recall (best SNP: rs73705514, P=2.27x10-9). Bioinformatic analysis revealed that subjects with risk alleles of SNPs in high LD with rs4921790 had significantly higher expression level of MTUS1 in brain (best SNP: rs10089607, P = 4.2x10-6 in caudate). MTUS1 was significantly up-regulated in AD compared to normal brain (P=8.2x10-3) and the expression level of MTUS1 was significantly associated with increased Braak stage (P=6.8x10-4). Analysis of cell-type specific expression profiles in single cell RNA-Seq data showed that MTUS1 is expressed mainly in neurons and oligodendrocytes. Gene network analysis showed that MTUS1 is co-expressed with MAPT in a microtubule and postsynaptic density network. We identified association of several genes not previously identified in AD genetic studies with AD-related endophenotypes in cognitively normal and MCI subjects. One of these loci, MTUS1, encodes angiotensin II interacting proteins which co-localizes with microtubules and regulates neuronal differentiation and neurite outgrowth. Our findings provide further insight about AD-related mechanisms prior to onset of AD symptoms and potential targets for early intervention.
Comparison of In-Cylinder Pressure Measurement Methods in a Small Spark Ignition Engine (2014)

&lt;div class="section abstract"&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;In this work, in-cylinder pressure was measured in a 55 cc single cylinder, 4.4 kW, two stroke, spark ignition engine. In cylinder pressure measurements were taken using two different pressure transducers to determine if the performance differences between the two transducers are discernible in a small, spark ignition engine. A Kistler brand measuring spark plug was compared to a Kistler brand flush mount high temperature pressure sensor. Both sensors employ piezo-electric pressure sensing elements and were designed to measure indicated mean effective pressure as well as to detect knock at high temperature engine conditions. The pressure sensors were installed and adjusted to ensure cylinder volume after sensor installation matched the engine's original configuration within reasonable manufacturing tolerances.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;A series of tests at four throttle settings ensued to determine if either device altered the combustion volume or the engine's performance. Performance measurements were obtained over a range of engine speeds from 4000 rpm to 6000 rpm. Run to run variation from randomness in the control variables results in a 2% to 5% variation in indicated mean effective pressure. The performance difference between the two spark plugs is less than that variation. Thus, the results indicate that, as a spark plug, the Kistler measuring spark plug is not statistically different from the stock spark plug at the 95% confidence level. The results do indicate a statistically significant difference at the 95% confidence level between the pressure transducer in the measuring spark plug and the flush mount transducer. This difference, which amounts to 4% of indicated mean effective pressure, is the result of differences in the sensor linearity, likely arising from the factory calibrations. Finally, the results reveal a statistically significant difference in performance between the modified and unmodified engine heads above 6000 rpm at the 95% confidence level. This verifies the suppositions of other researchers who note that even a small modification to the combustion chamber of an engine this size could significantly impact the performance, measured in this instance as IMEP.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Compressive light field photography (2012)

Light field cameras, e.g. [Lytro 2012; Veeraraghavan et al. 2007], have ushered a new direction in photography allowing consumers to synthesize photographs with novel viewpoints or varying focus after the actual recording. Unfortunately, current light field camera designs impose a fixed tradeoff between spatial and angular resolution --- spatial resolution is reduced to capture angular light variation on the sensor. We introduce a principled computational framework and a new camera design to acquire and reconstruct light fields at full spatial and angular resolution from a single exposure. Our framework introduces a high-dimensional sparse basis for light fields learned from millions of light fields patches. The same optimization procedure also allows for the synthesis of optimal mask patterns that are mounted at a slight offset in front of the sensor and optically attenuate the light field before it is recorded by the sensor. Finally, a weighted compressive sensing-style reconstruction is performed to recover the light field. We demonstrate, in theory and with simulations, how our compressive approach to light field photography outperforms state-of-art techniques.
Preparing high surface area porous carbon from biomass by carbonization in a molten salt medium (2015)

Peanut shells were transformed into porous carbon with a high surface area through a simple ZnCl<sub>2</sub>-molten salt synthesis process.
The Integration of Algal Carbon Concentration Mechanism Components into Tobacco Chloroplasts Increases Photosynthetic Efficiency and Biomass (2018)

Increasing the productivity of crops is a major challenge in agricultural research. Given that photosynthetic carbon assimilation is necessary for plant growth, enhancing the efficiency of photosynthesis is one strategy to boost agricultural productivity. The authors attempted to increase the photosynthetic efficiency and biomass of tobacco plants by expressing individual components of the Chlamydomonas reinhardtii carbon concentration mechanism (CCM) and integrating them into the chloroplast. Independent transgenic varieties are generated accumulating the carbonic anhydrase CAH3 in the thylakoid lumen or the bicarbonate transporter LCIA in the inner chloroplast membrane. Independent homozygous transgenic lines showed enhanced CO<sub>2</sub> uptake rates (up to 15%), increased photosystem II efficiency (by up to 18%), and chlorophyll content (up to 19%). Transgenic lines produced more shoot biomass than wild-type and azygous controls, and accumulated more carbohydrate and amino acids, reflecting the higher rate of photosynthetic CO<sub>2</sub> fixation. These data demonstrate that individual algal CCM components can be integrated into C<sub>3</sub> plants to increase biomass, suggesting that transgenic lines combining multiple CCM components could further increase the productivity and yield of C<sub>3</sub> crops.
Execution of Big Data Analytics in Automotive Industry using Hortonworks Sandbox (2020)

The market landscape has undergone dramatic change because of globalization, shifting marketing conditions, cost pressure, increased competition, and volatility. Transforming the operation of businesses has been possible because of the astonishing speed at which technology has witnessed the change. The automotive industry is on the edge of a revolution. The increased customer expectations, changing ownership, self-driving vehicles and much more have led to the transformation of automobiles, applications, and services from artificial intelligence, sensors, RFID to big data analysis. Large automobiles industries have been emphasizing the collection of data to gain insight into customer's expectations, preferences, and budgets alongside competitor's policies. Statistical methods can be applied to historical data, which has been gathered from various authentic sources and can be used to identify the impact of fixed and variable marketing investments and support automakers to come up with a more effective, precise, and efficient approach to target customers. Proper analysis of supply chain data can disclose the weak links in the chain enabling to adopt timely countermeasures to minimize the adverse effects. In order to fully gain benefit from analytics, the collaboration of a detailed set of capabilities responsible for intersecting and integrating with multiple functions and teams across the business is required. The effective role played by big data analysis in the automobile industry has also been expanded in the research paper. The research paper discusses the scope and challenges of big data. The paper also elaborates on the working technology behind the concept of big data. The paper illustrates the working of MapReduce technology that executes in the back end and is responsible for performing data mining.
Quantification of Positive Temperature Coefficient Effect on Polymers Filled with Conductive Particles (2016)

Polymer composites filled with conductive particles such as metal, carbon black (CB) and nanotube (CNT) exhibit electro conductivity, and their resistivity significantly increases with raising temperature. Particularly, semicrystalline polymer composites possess superior electro conductivity and positive temperature coefficient (PTC) effect, because conductive particles effectively connect by localizing in the amorphous phase and disconnect by a greater volume expansion near the melting point. In this study, we quantitatively analyzed the PTC effect of various composites consisting of semi-or non-crystalline polymers filled with metal or carbon particles by calculating their filler contents considering thermal volume expansion rate and degree of crystal, as a guideline for design of sensor and circuit protection devices. The revised filler content at room temperature, φ (R.T.) of poly (vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) / nickel, CB and CNT as semicrystalline polymer composites became higher than the amount of filler loading in preparation and drastically decreased as temperature increased. In contrast, φ (R.T.) of poly (methyl methacrylate)(PMMA) / CB and CNT as noncrystalline polymer composites gradually decreased with temperature. The rate of the revised filler content at PTC, φ (PTC) and φ (R.T.) at various amounts of filler loading in preparation was a constant value in each composite, and φ (PTC) / φ (R.T.) values of PVDF / Ni, PVDF / CB,PVDF / CNT. PMMA / CB and PMMA / CNT were 0.93, 0.78, 0.74, 0.95 and 0.96, respectively. These values indicate the filler content necessary to occurring PTC effect. In comparison of each φ (PTC) / φ (R.T.) value, semicrystalline polymer and carbon filler systems were lower. The results well represent the effect of particle localization in the amorphous phase of semicrystalline polymer and strong interaction of carbon nanofillers for the PTC characteristics.
A Study on Evolutionary Synthesis of Classifier System Architectures. (1996)

This paper describes a general method to design architectures of reinforcement learning systems. The task of these systems is to create a stimulus-response pattern by which the expected longterm total reward is maximized. Reinforcement learning systems have high applicability to a broad task class of autonomous agents because of their flexibility and autonomy. However, it is difficult to determine the relevant set of learning parameters for a given task. These parameters dominate the system architecture and largely affect the learning performance. Therefore, we propose a new approach involving evolutionary synthesis of simple classifier system architectures, which is known as a genetics-based machine learning system. This synthesis mechanism is realized using genetic algorithms. To examine the validity of our proposed method, the evolutionary synthesis technique is applied to motion planning tasks of a robot manipulator. Results from computer simulation indicate the usefulness of this approach.
Lower versus higher hemoglobin threshold for transfusion in ARDS patients with and without ECMO (2020)

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03871166.
Dehydration and Isomerization of Dimethylethynylcarbinol (1951)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDehydration and Isomerization of DimethylethynylcarbinolErnst D. BergmannCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1951, 73, 3, 1218–1220Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1951Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1951https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01147a101RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views84Altmetric-Citations17LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (439 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Serum levels of proteins involved in amyloid‐β clearance are related to cognitive decline and neuroimaging changes in mild cognitive impairment (2018)

Aβ clearance proteins in the serum are potential biomarkers for mild cognitive impairment evaluation.
[Preliminary study of the clinical indices for halitosis]. (2007)

It is not practical and feasible to replace OST with any other single index at present.
Meeting Report: Nuclear Receptors: Transcription Factors and Drug Targets Connecting Basic Research with Translational Medicine (2010)

Nuclear receptors (NRs) constitute a unique group of transcription factors. They act as sensors for metabolic as well as systemic hormonal signals and regulate a wealth of cellular processes from growth and differentiation to metabolism. Moreover, the fact that their activity can be pharmacologically modulated by specific ligands, thereby allowing for agonism, partial agonism, and antagonism, has made them primary therapeutic targets for decades. In addition, the ligand-dependence of most of their functions has also allowed using NRs as tools to generate paradigms for the molecular mechanisms of transcriptional regulation.
On the Dynamics of a Teeter Hinge with Delta3 Angle on a Two Bladed Multi MW Wind Turbine (2008)

This study analyses the effect of delta-3 on a 5 MW turbine using a simple analytical model of the teeter system in combination with time simulations on the same turbine with the aeroelastic code HAWC2. The analysis shows that the delta 3 angle changes both the eigen-frequency and the damping of the teeter system. The effect is strongly dependent on the lock number which further seems to change with the up-scaling of the turbines. For a modern turbine the lock number is typically above 20 and the teeter motion is strongly damped and the influence of the delta-3 is small. However, a reduction of the out-of plane movement of the blade tip can be obtained using a positive delta-3 angle. Also the influence on flapwise moment and the yaw moment is discussed. The most used wind turbine concept of today is the three blade upwind turbine, but the two teetering bladed downwind turbine could be a rival for the off-shore market. The major problems with two bladed turbines are the increased noise 1 from the blade passing the tower and the visually impact of the two blade concept, but for off-shore this will not be a problem. The blade cost and the tower top mass of a two bladed turbine will be reduced compare to the traditionally three bladed design, and the teeter mechanism of the two bladed turbine reduce the blade loads. The teeter motion dynamics can be changed by including a �3 angle, which couples the teeter motion to a pitching of the blade. However, as described in a recent paper by Malcolm 2 the role of the delta-3 angle has been shrouded in some mystery and there seems not to be clear guide-lines in the literature about how to choose the optimal delta-3 for a specific turbine configuration and what the main effects are on the teeter dynamics. In the present paper a simple analytical model, suggested by Anderson 1, is used to study and characterize the dynamics of a two-bladed teetering rotor with a delta 3 angle. The results of the analytical model are compared with numerical results from simulations with the aeroelastic model HAWC2, developed at Risoe National Laboratory.
Negative regulation of gene expression of a novel proline-, threonine-, and glycine-rich protein by water stress in Lycopetsicon chilense (1996)

We have isolated a full length cDNA clone (designated PTGRP) encoding a proline-rich protein from leaves of Lycopersicon chilense. Sequence analysis of the 552-bp insert revealed that the open reading frame encodes a 12.6-kDa protein. The deduced amino acid sequence of PTGRP consists of a C-terminal proline-rich domain with two identical repeat motifs Phe-Pro-Met-Pro-Thr-Thr-Pro-Ser-Thr-Gly-Gly-Gly-Phe-Pro-Ser. The N terminus lacks proline and is hydrophobic. Unlike other proline-rich proteins this protein contains five glycine-rich repeat motifs (Gly-X)n representative of glycine-rich proteins. Southern blot analysis showed that PTGRP is a member of a small gene family within the L. chilense genome. Northern blot experiments revealed that the PTGRP gene is significantly down regulated by water stress. PTGRP mRNA transcription decreased 5- to 10-fold in leaves and stems after 4-8 days of water stress. The mRNA reaccumulated when the drought-stressed plants were rewatered. The in situ hybridization experiments also revealed that PTGRP mRNAs were more abundant in leaf sections of plants watered regularly compared with those of plants submitted to water stress. Down regulation of the PTGRP gene was also observed in desiccated cell suspensions of L. chilense and in those treated with abscisic acid, mannitol, and NaCl. Based on the common features of proline-rich proteins (high proline content, repeated motifs, and a putative signal peptide) and their involvement in the cell wall, it is likely that the PTGRP protein is targeted to the cell wall. Its down regulation by drought could be correlated with the remodeling of the plant cell wall in response to water stress.
Atlanta I-85 HOV-to-HOT Conversion: Analysis of Vehicle and Person Throughput (2013)

This report summarizes the vehicle and person throughput analysis for the High Occupancy Vehicle (HOV) to High Occupancy Toll (HOT) Lane conversion in Atlanta, Georgia, undertaken by the Georgia Institute of Technology research team. The team tracked changes in observed vehicle throughput on the corridor and collected average vehicle occupancy (persons/vehicle) data to assess changes in person throughput. Traffic volumes were collected by vehicle detection systems (VDS) systems on the Georgia NaviGAtor system and the team implemented a large scale quarterly data collection effort for vehicle occupancy across all travel lanes. Between the baseline year (2011) and HOT implementation year (2012), significant changes were noted in both the vehicle and person throughput on the corridor at Center Way. Vehicle throughput on the I-85 HOT corridor decreased by about 6.6% (2698 vehicles) during the morning peak period, but only by about 2.9% (1148 vehicles) during the afternoon peak period. Average vehicle occupancy (persons/vehicle) also decreased during the same period. Reduced vehicle throughput and decrease in observed vehicle occupancy had a synergistic impact on estimated corridor person throughput, which declined significantly at a much faster rate than vehicle throughput. While traffic volumes declined by 6.6%, person throughput concurrently declined by about 9.9% (4868 individuals). While traffic volumes declined by approximately 2.9% in the afternoon peak period, person throughput concurrently declined by about 6.3% (3123 individuals). The data reveal that the majority of two-person carpools have been diverted from the HOV lane into the general purpose lanes after HOT lane implementation. Based upon vehicle throughput and occupancy distributions, the largest reduction in vehicle throughput in both the morning and afternoon peak periods came from a reduction in carpools (HOV2 and HOV3+ vehicles). Carpool mode share declined by more than 30% in the AM peak and by 25% in the PM peak, and average managed lane vehicle occupancy decreased from approximately 2.0 persons/vehicle to approximately 1.2 persons/vehicle.
Inter/erupt!: Queer Zine Scene? (1995)

Produced in zine style, this article is a review, a history, and an analysis of what is happening on the queer zine scene - where foot-fetishists rub extremities with trash drag queens, and fag skins trumpet their desires next to Steam - a journal dedicated to beat culture and outdoor sex.