gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A rational function approach for estimating mean annual evapotranspiration (2004)

Mean annual evapotranspiration from a catchment is determined largely by precipitation and potential evapotranspiration; characteristics of the catchment (e.g., soil, topography, etc.) play only a secondary role. It has been shown that the ratio of mean annual potential evapotranspiration to precipitation (referred as the index of dryness) can be used to estimate mean annual evapotranspiration by using one additional parameter. This study evaluates the effects of climatic and catchment characteristics on the partitioning of mean annual precipitation into evapotranspiration using a rational function approach, which was developed based on phenomenological considerations. Over 470 catchments worldwide with long‐term records of precipitation, potential evapotranspiration, and runoff were considered, and results show that model estimates of mean annual evapotranspiration agree well with observed evapotranspiration taken as the difference between precipitation and runoff. The mean absolute error between modeled and observed evapotranspiration was 54 mm, and the model was able to explain 89% of the variance with a slope of 1.00 through the origin. This indicates that the index of dryness is the most significant variable in determining mean annual evapotranspiration. Results also suggest that forested catchments tend to show higher evapotranspiration than grassed catchments and their evapotranspiration ratio (evapotranspiration divided by precipitation) is most sensitive to changes in catchment characteristics for regions with the index of dryness around 1.0. Additionally, a stepwise regression analysis was performed for over 270 Australian catchments where detailed information of vegetation cover, precipitation characteristics, catchment slopes, and plant available water capacity was available. It is shown that apart from the index of dryness, average storm depth, plant available water capacity, and storm arrival rate are also significant.
Wireless Modular Control Hardware Architecture for Hybrid Mechanism Mobile Robot (2009)

This paper presents a new generalized control hardware architecture based on embedded on-board wireless communication network between robot’s links and modules such as the actuators and sensors. This approach results in modular control hardware architecture since no cable connections are used between the actuators and sensors in each of a given mobile robot subsystems (links). The effectiveness of this approach is experimentally demonstrated and validated by implementing it with a hybrid mobile robot mechanism as a case study. The hybrid mobile robot mechanism integrates the locomotion mechanism and manipulator arm mechanism as one entity to support both locomotion and manipulation simultaneously and interchangeably.
New Bromopyrrole Alkaloids from the Indopacific Sponge Agelas nakamurai (1999)

Two new dimeric bromopyrrole alkaloids, nakamuric acid (1) and its corresponding methyl ester (2), have been isolated from the Indopacific sponge Agelas nakamurai along with the known metabolites sceptrin (3), debromosceptrin (4), and ageliferin (5). Their structures were identified by analysis of spectral data. All compounds inhibited the growth of several Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria in the agar plate diffusion assay.
FEMTOLITER MICROARRAY WELLS FOR ULTRASENSITIVE DNA/mRNA DETECTION (2002)

ABSTRACT DNA/mRNA analysis and genetic mutation detection are important in biomedical sciences, clinical diagnosis, and environmental monitoring. In this study, a femtoliter microwell array system has been developed for ultrasensitive DNA/mRNA detection using molecular beacon (MB) DNA probes. The microwell array system, with laser-induced fluorescence imaging, can be used to achieve a detection limit of 9 Rhodamin 6G molecules in 28 fL (28 × 10−15 L) wells in this array. Hybridization kinetics of the MBs and their complementary DNA targets has been monitored with a concentration detection limit of 3.0 nM. As few as 50 target DNA copies can be monitored in each well. The specificity of MB and the effect of DNA target concentration on the MB hybridization kinetics have been investigated in femtoliter wells. Analysis of specific rat γ-actin mRNA sequence amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and simultaneous measurement of multiple analytes have also been studied with this microwell array system. As the volume in each well is extremely small, this array system will be highly useful for single cell gene profiling and for multiple gene determination in disease diagnosis.
Solar Energy for Green Engineering Using Multicomponent Absorption Power Cycle (2020)

Energy is a bottleneck for the development of modern civilization. Green energy becomes a way towards the sustainable future of human society. The increasing demand of energy and scarcity of the energy resources is directing us towards the innovative ways for the generation of power. Solar energy is abundantly available; hence, harnessing solar energy efficiently would be most preferable option for power generation. This thought has given rise to new methodologies to study the thermodynamic systems. Established power generation uses steam power plant where coal is used primarily as heat source works in range of temperature 540–46°C and pressure of 150 bar–0.1 bar. Using solar easily steam can be produced up to 150°C. This low temperature energy available couldn’t be effectively used using traditional steam power plants. Majority of power plants worldwide produce power using the Rankine cycle that are driven by various kinds of non-renewable heat sources (viz. coal, oil, gas, etc.) using steam as working fluid. However, use of mixture 24as working fluid instead of the single fluid could improve thermal efficiency of the cycle [1, 2]. The mismatch of temperatures of contacting fluids in regular steam power plant causes irreversibility which can be reduced by using the multi-component working fluid [3, 4]. The boiling and the condensation of binary fluid occurs over variable temperature range, compared to single temperature for single fluid and can be understood clearly with Lorentz efficiency comparison with Carnot efficiency [5, 6]. Using multi-component working fluid with multi-temperature boiling, one can reduce the heat transfer related irreversibilities and therefore improve the heat source utilization. Malony and Robertson (1996) were the first to conceive the idea to use ammonia water mixture as working fluid for power generation. Kalina [7] first conceived the idea of using ammonia water as working fluid for the usage of heat for the gas turbine in a combined cycle power generation system. EI-Sayed and Tribus [8] found that Kalina cycle can have 10–30% higher thermal efficiency than equivalent Rankine cycle. Ibrahim (1992) and Sonntag (1991) have also analyzed the Kalina cycle. Their studies have showed the advantage of the Kalina cycle over the conventional Rankine cycle under certain conditions. This chapter deals with different efforts starting with traditional ways of producing power. The efficiencies pros and cons of various methods for power generation will be compared based on 1st law, 2nd law efficiencies, exergy efficiency, etc. The cumulative analysis of power generation relating to the temperature, pressure of available heat source will be carried out. The most efficient way to harness low temperature energy using multicomponent mixture will be presented with elaborate analysis with unique platform of exergy relating to all different available methods and sources for power generation. The present work is patented with Bhagwat et al. [9].
The Multidimensional Structure of Detonations in Type Ia Supernovae (1996)

Many current models of Type Ia supernovae involve detonations at some phase of the explosion. Experimental and computational results for detonations in terrestrial fuel-air mixtures show that multidimensional effects are critical to understanding the initiation, propagation, and quenching of real detonations. Multidimensional calculations produce structures that can lead to unsteady detonation propagation in simulations of fuel-air mixtures, in agreement with experiments. We present here the first results to demonstrate the presence of multidimensional effects in detonations in degenerate carbon-oxygen matter. Our simulations show that perturbations induce transverse waves in the carbon-burning layer that interact and create pockets of incompletely burned material. This increases the effective size of the burning region, reduces the detonation velocity, and produces a different composition distribution in the detonated material relative to those predicted by one-dimensional calculations.
Embracing enzyme promiscuity with activity-based compressed biosensing (2022)

The development of protease-activatable drugs and diagnostics requires identifying substrates specific to individual proteases. However, this process becomes increasingly difficult as the number of target proteases increases because most substrates are promiscuously cleaved by multiple proteases. We introduce a method-substrate libraries for compressed sensing of enzymes (SLICE)-for selecting libraries of promiscuous substrates that classify protease mixtures (1) without deconvolution of compressed signals and (2) without highly specific substrates. SLICE ranks substrate libraries using a compression score (<i>C</i>), which quantifies substrate orthogonality and protease coverage. This metric is predictive of classification accuracy across 140 <i>in silico</i> (Pearson <i>r</i> = 0.71) and 55 <i>in vitro</i> libraries (<i>r</i> = 0.55). Using SLICE, we select a two-substrate library to classify 28 samples containing 11 enzymes in plasma (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve [AUROC] = 0.93). We envision that SLICE will enable the selection of libraries that capture information from hundreds of enzymes using fewer substrates for applications like activity-based sensors for imaging and diagnostics.
Carbon oxidation state as a metric for describing the chemistry of atmospheric organic aerosol (2010)

A detailed understanding of the sources, transformations, and fates of organic species in the environment is crucial because of the central roles that organics play in human health, biogeochemical cycles, and Earth's climate. However, such an understanding is hindered by the immense chemical complexity of environmental mixtures of organics; for example, atmospheric organic aerosol consists of at least thousands of individual compounds, all of which likely evolve chemically over their atmospheric lifetimes. Here we demonstrate the utility of describing organic aerosol (and other complex organic mixtures) in terms of average carbon oxidation state (OSC), a quantity that always increases with oxidation, and is readily measured using state-of-the-art analytical techniques. Field and laboratory measurements of OSC , using several such techniques, constrain the chemical properties of the organics and demonstrate that the formation and evolution of organic aerosol involves simultaneous changes to both carbon oxidation state and carbon number (nC).
Digital Normativity: A Challenge for Human Subjectivation (2020)

DOAJ is a unique and extensive index of diverse open access journals from around the world, driven by a growing community, committed to ensuring quality content is freely available online for everyone.
Partial Support for an Interaction Between a Polygenic Risk Score for Major Depressive Disorder and Prenatal Maternal Depressive Symptoms on Infant Right Amygdalar Volumes (2020)

Psychiatric disease susceptibility partly originates prenatally and is shaped by an interplay of genetic and environmental risk factors. A recent study has provided preliminary evidence that an offspring polygenic risk score for major depressive disorder (PRS-MDD), based on European ancestry, interacts with prenatal maternal depressive symptoms (GxE) on neonatal right amygdalar (US and Asian cohort) and hippocampal volumes (Asian cohort). However, to date, this GxE interplay has only been addressed by one study and is yet unknown for a European ancestry sample. We investigated in 105 Finnish mother-infant dyads (44 female, 11-54 days old) how offspring PRS-MDD interacts with prenatal maternal depressive symptoms (Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale, gestational weeks 14, 24, 34) on infant amygdalar and hippocampal volumes. We found a GxE effect on right amygdalar volumes, significant in the main analysis, but nonsignificant after multiple comparison correction and some of the control analyses, whose direction paralleled the US cohort findings. Additional exploratory analyses suggested a sex-specific GxE effect on right hippocampal volumes. Our study is the first to provide support, though statistically weak, for an interplay of offspring PRS-MDD and prenatal maternal depressive symptoms on infant limbic brain volumes in a cohort matched to the PRS-MDD discovery sample.
Thermal and Catalytic Conversion of Polyolefins (2006)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction General Scheme of Waste Polyolefin Processing Waste Plastics Suitable for Cracking and Pyrolysis Mechanism of Cracking Processes Waste Plastics Processing Reactor Design Pilot Plants and Commercial Plants Economic Aspects References
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Picolinamide‐Directed Alkylation of Unactivated C(sp3)—H Bonds with Alkyl Iodides. (2013)

Abstract An efficient method for the alkylation of γ‐C(sp 3 )—H and δ‐C(sp 2 )—H bonds of picolinamide‐protected amine substrates with primary alkyl iodides is developed.
Formulation and stability of model food foam microstructures (2009)

Many foods contain large amounts of saturated fatty acids (SaFa), which are considered unhealthy, and their presence in the diet is one of the contributing factors of cardio-vascular disease, obesity and the inherent risk of diabetes. It has become the driver of food producers to manufacture products with as little of these oils as they can. Reformulation work based on Elmlea whipping creams sought to address this issue, by which the ingredients of the principal formulation were taken and ever increasing levels of liquid oil were added, but keeping the total oil concentration at 34%. Many of its’ properties were tested and the optimum formulation was found to be that containing 20% hydrogenated and 14% liquid oil. Further formulation work was associated with another product: ice-cream. Ice-cream distribution, particularly with its transport over the Rocky Mountains in the US, poses a large problem. Taking ice cream across the Mountains involves travelling at altitudes in excess of 2000 metres and this leads to its expansion due to the reduced air pressures. The product can spoil in transit. Further instabilities arise when extruded from a freezer. This instability was studied extensively in this work. It was seen that larger drops in pressure and at a slower rate were more detrimental to the model foam structure than small pressure differences and a fast rate. The fast pressure release seemed to have less of a detrimental effect on the resultant bubble foam microstructure.
Engaging the Public at a Science Festival (2017)

Theoretically and methodologically sound research on the reach and impact of public engagement practices continues to lag behind. Using the 2015 Wisconsin Science Festival as context, we empirically investigate the impacts of a public engagement activity about a nascent and controversial scientific issue, human gene editing. Overall, we find the panel increased participants’ understanding of the complexities of human gene editing, as demonstrated by increases in knowledge and the moral acceptability of the technology among respondents, as well as the associated risk and benefit perceptions. Practical and theoretical implications for science festivals and public engagement with science activities are discussed.
Molecular mechanisms of ligand–receptor interactions in transmembrane domain V of the α2A‐adrenoceptor (2003)

1. The structural determinants of catechol hydroxyl interactions with adrenergic receptors were examined using 12 alpha2-adrenergic agonists and a panel of mutated human alpha2A-adrenoceptors. The alpha2ASer201 mutant had a Cys --> Ser201 (position 5.43) amino-acid substitution, and alpha2ASer201Cys200 and alpha2ASer201Cys204 had Ser --> Cys200 (5.42) and Ser --> Cys204 (5.46) substitutions, respectively, in addition to the Cys --> Ser201 substitution. 2. Automated docking methods were used to predict the receptor interactions of the ligands. Radioligand-binding assays and functional [35S]GTPgammaS-binding assays were performed using transfected Chinese hamster ovary cells to experimentally corroborate the predicted binding modes. 3. The hydroxyl groups of phenethylamines were found to have different effects on ligand affinity towards the activated and resting forms of the wild-type alpha2A-adrenoceptor. Substitution of Ser200 or Ser204 with cysteine caused a deterioration in the capability of catecholamines to activate the alpha2A-adrenoceptor. The findings indicate that (i) Cys201 plays a significant role in the binding of catecholamine ligands and UK14,304 (for the latter, by a hydrophobic interaction), but Cys201 is not essential for receptor activation; (ii) Ser200 interacts with the meta-hydroxyl group of phenethylamine ligands, affecting both catecholamine binding and receptor activation; while (iii) substituting Ser204 with a cysteine interferes both with the binding of catecholamine ligands and with receptor activation, due to an interaction between Ser204 and the para-hydroxyl group of the catecholic ring.
Cardiovascular risk and lifestyle habits of consumers of a phytosterol‐enriched yogurt in a real‐life setting (2014)

The higher cardiovascular disease risk profile of phytosterol-enriched yogurt consumers corresponds to a population for whom European guidelines recommend lifestyle changes to manage cholesterol. The coherence of the data in terms of risk factors, adherence to lifestyle recommendations and the consumption of phytosterol-enriched yogurt conforming to recommendations reflects a health-conscious consumer population.
Genomic instability-based transgenic models of prostate cancer (2000)

To develop animal models that represent the broad spectrum of human prostate cancer, we created transgenic mice with targeted prostate-specific expression of two genes ( Eco RI and c- fos ) implicated in the induction of genomic instability. Expression of the transgenes was restricted to prostate epithelial cells by coupling them to the tissue-specific, hormonally regulated probasin promoter (PB). The effects of transgene expression were examined histologically in prostate sections at time points taken from 4 to 24 months of age. The progressive presence of regions of mild-to-severe hyperplasia, low- and high-grade prostatic intra-epithelial neoplasia, and well-differentiated adenocarcinoma was observed in both PB Eco RI lines but no significant pathology was detected in the PB fos line. Prostate tissue of PB Eco RI mice was examined for expression of p53, proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and Ki67 at multiple time points. Although p53 does not appear to be mutated, levels of PCNA and Ki67 are elevated and correlate with the severity of the prostatic lesions. Overall, pre-neoplastic and neoplastic stages represented in the PB Eco RI model showed similarity to corresponding early stages of the human disease. This genomic instability-based model will be used to study the mechanisms involved in the early stages of prostate carcinogenesis and to investigate the nature of subsequent events necessary for the progression to advanced disease.
POLY(EUGENOL SULFONATE) - SULFONATED POLYETHERIMIDE NEW BLENDS MEMBRANE PROMISING FOR DIRECT METHANOL FUEL CELL (2017)

A new polymeric membrane blended from sulfonated polyetherimide (SPEI) and poly(eugenol sulfonate) (PES) was prepared as proton exchange membrane (PEM) for direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC). The membrane was characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and Scanning Electronic Microscopy (SEM). Ion exchange capacity (IEC), proton conductivity, methanol barrier, water uptake, water contact angle and mechanical strength of the membrane was also being determined. The new PES/SPEI membrane with 3 wt.% PES and 20 wt.% SPEI show higher IEC, water uptake, proton conductivity and methanol barrier properties as compared to Nafion 117 membrane. As a conclusion, the results indicate that the SPEI/PES membrane has potential to be employed as PEM for DMFC application.
Purification and Properties of Intracellular Clotting Factor, Factor B, from Horseshoe Crab (Tachypleus tridentatus) Hemocytes1 (1986)

An intracellular clotting factor, factor B, which is closely associated with the hemolymph coagulation system of horseshoe crab (Tachypleus tridentatus), was purified and characterized. The purified preparation gave a single band (Mr = 64,000) on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) in the absence of 2-mercaptoethanol, while three bands (Mr = 64,000, 40,000, and 25,000) were detected on SDS-PAGE after reduction. This preparation was converted by limulus clotting factor C to an activated form, factor B, with Mr = 56,000 consisting of a heavy chain (Mr = 32,000) and a light chain (Mr = 25,000) bridged by disulfide linkage(s). The factor B, which was produced separately by treating the partially purified factor B with factor C, was also purified. It gave a single band on unreduced SDS-PAGE and two bands on reduced SDS-PAGE. The purified factor B had Mr of 56,000 consisting of a heavy chain (Mr = 32,000) and a light chain (Mr = 25,000). These results indicated that the purified factor B zymogen is a mixture of single-chain and two-chain forms, both of which have the same molecular weight of 64,000, and that these two forms are converted to factor B by factor C. The diisopropyl phosphorofluoridate-sensitive site of factor B was found in the heavy chain. The reconstitution studies using purified factor C, factor B, proclotting enzyme and coagulogen in the presence of lipopolysaccharide indicated that factor B is an essential component to complete sequential activation of the limulus clotting system, and that it specifically activates proclotting enzyme to the active clotting enzyme.
JAM: Justifiable Allocation of Memory with Efficient Mounting and Fast Crash Recovery for NAND Flash Memory File Systems (2010)

Abstract: Flash memory is small size, lightweight, shock-resistant, non-volatile, and consumes little power. Flash memory therefore shows promise for use in storage devices for consumer electronics, mobile computers and embedded systems. Even though, flash memory has many attractive features but issues on performance and data integrity are becoming more critical to address by researchers. First, the rapidly increasing capacity of flash memory imposes long mount time delay for normal start-up and in case of crash recovery. Second, large main memory requirement for keeping file system mapping data structure becoming significant issue with growth in size of flash memory. In this paper, we discuss related problems in detail, and propose novel mechanism for high performance and system reliability by effective metadata management, efficient mounting, fast crash recovery, and reduced RAM footprints for log structured NAND flash memory based file systems, called justifiable allocation of memory. The trace driven simulation results show the significantly improved performance for mounting and crash recovery time with reduced main memory space required by our proposed justifiable allocation of memory scheme compared to well-known JFFS2 and YAFFS2 flash file systems.