gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Bus Passengers' Head Detecting Based on Edge-Based Background Subtraction and Hough Transform (2010)

In order to improve the detecting rate of bus passengers,the background subtraction method is proposed,which subtracts the edge of the background from the edge of the present image.This method is influenced little by the change of light conditions and could extract the edge of the object efficiently.Hough transform is used to get the circle figure of the passengers,and then false figures are deleted through analysis on perceptual point,in order to detect the head of the passengers.The results of tests show that this method is simple,easy to operate,and the detecting rate is high,which affords a good foundation for the automatic passenger counting.
A bug assignment technique based on bug fixing expertise and source commit recency of developers (2016)

Automatic bug assignment is an essential activity aiming at assigning bugs to appropriate developers. Existing approaches consider either recent commits or previous bug fixes of developers, leading to recommendation of inexperienced or inactive developers respectively. Considering only one information source leads these approaches to low prediction accuracy. An approach called ERBA is proposed, which considers both expertise and recent activities of developers. ERBA first processes source code and commit logs to construct an index connecting the source entities with developer recent activities. Next, it takes fixed bug reports and builds another index, mapping the bug report keywords with developer bug fixing expertise. On arrival of new bug reports, the final module queries the two indexes using the new bug report terms, and applies tf-idf technique on the query result to calculate an ERBA score for developers. Finally, an ascending ordered list on ERBA score is suggested. For assessment of competency, a case study has been conducted on Eclipse JDT. It depicts that ERBA outperforms existing approach by improving prediction accuracy from 33.8% upto 44%. The result also represents that ERBA shows the first correct developer on average near 4.04 ranks, whereas existing approach shows in 7.27.
Design and Qualification Qf a Microprocessor Subcooled Margin Monitor (1981)

To meet the new regulatory requirements set forth in NUREG-0578, a Subcooled Margin Monitor was designed and qualified. The monitor is a microprocessor based system using temperature and pressure process parameters to continuously calculate and display margin to saturation in the reactor coolant system. The monitor consists of a small digital display unit mounted on the main control panel and a remotely mounted calculat- or module. Both the panel mounted display and the calculator module were seismically and environmentally qualified in accordance with IEEE 323 - 1974 and IEEE 344 - 1975. At the panel mounted display, the operator may select a continuous indication of pressure or temperature margin to saturation. Additionally, the monitor actuates an alarm on low margin to saturation and can also actuate auxiliary equipment with independent contacts. Two independent analog margin signals are provided to permit data logging on the plant computer and on a strip chart recorder.
715. Elimination–addition. Part I. Displacement of sulphonyl groups from diarylsulphonylalkanes (1962)

A. T. Kader and C. J. M. Stirling, J. Chem. Soc., 1962, 3686 DOI: 10.1039/JR9620003686
Allelochemicals Released in Soil Following Incorporation of Rapeseed (Brassica napus) Green Manures (1999)

Plant-derived allelochemicals such as those produced by glucosinolate hydrolysis in Brassica napus, or rapeseed, are viable alternatives to synthetic compounds for the control of soil-borne plant pests. However, allelochemical production and residence times in field soils have not been determined. Soil samples were taken at 0-7.5 and 7.5-15 cm during a period of 3 weeks following plow-down of two winter rapeseed cultivars (Humus and Dwarf Essex). Soil samples were extracted with dichloromethane and analyzed using gas chromatography. Nine glucosinolate degradation products were identified-five isothiocyanates, three nitriles, and one oxazolidinethione. Maximum concentrations were observed 30 h after plow-down. Compounds derived from 2-phenylethyl glucosinolate, the principal glucosinolate in rapeseed roots, dominated the profile of degradation products. Shoot glucosinolates left few traces. This indicates that rapeseed roots may be a more important source of toxic fumigants than above-ground parts of the plant.
Myocardium of the Superior Vena Cava, Coronary Sinus, Vein of Marshall, and the Pulmonary Vein Ostia: Gross Anatomic Studies in 620 Hearts (2012)

Myocardial extensions into the pulmonary veins are usually circumferential at the ostia validating the necessity for wide area rather than segmental ablation to isolate these veins during AF ablation. Myocardial extensions into the SVC are common and less likely to be circumferential, whereas extensions into the IVC are not present. The left atrial ridge is a reliable endocardial target for radiofrequency ablation of the vein of Marshall.
Expanding Clinical Presentations Due to Variations in THOC2 mRNA Nuclear Export Factor (2020)

Multiple TREX mRNA export complex subunits (e.g., THOC1, THOC2, THOC5, THOC6, THOC7) have now been implicated in neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs), neurodegeneration and cancer. We previously implicated missense and splicing-defective <i>THOC2</i> variants in NDDs and a broad range of other clinical features. Here we report 10 individuals from nine families with rare missense <i>THOC2</i> variants including the first case of a recurrent variant (p.Arg77Cys), and an additional individual with an intragenic <i>THOC2</i> microdeletion (Del-Ex37-38). <i>Ex vivo</i> missense variant testing and patient-derived cell line data from current and published studies show 9 of the 14 missense THOC2 variants result in reduced protein stability. The splicing-defective and deletion variants result in a loss of small regions of the C-terminal THOC2 RNA binding domain (RBD). Interestingly, reduced stability of THOC2 variant proteins has a flow-on effect on the stability of the multi-protein TREX complex; specifically on the other NDD-associated THOC subunits. Our current, expanded cohort refines the core phenotype of THOC2 NDDs to language disorder and/or ID, with a variable severity, and disorders of growth. A subset of affected individuals' has severe-profound ID, persistent hypotonia and respiratory abnormalities. Further investigations to elucidate the pathophysiological basis for this severe phenotype are warranted.
Integrated language definition testing (2011)

The reliability of compilers, interpreters, and development environments for programming languages is essential for effective software development and maintenance. They are often tested only as an afterthought. Languages with a smaller scope, such as domain-specific languages, often remain untested. General-purpose testing techniques and test case generation methods fall short in providing a low-threshold solution for test-driven language development. In this paper we introduce the notion of a language-parametric testing language (LPTL) that provides a reusable, generic basis for declaratively specifying language definition tests. We integrate the syntax, semantics, and editor services of a language under test into the LPTL for writing test inputs. This paper describes the design of an LPTL and the tool support provided for it, shows use cases using examples, and describes our implementation in the form of the Spoofax testing language.
The Synthesis of Tetra‐α‐Phenoxyphthalocyanines and Research of their Physical and Chemical Properties (2007)

Abstract A series of phthalocyanines (Pcs) substituted by phenoxy groups were synthesized through the route whose intermediates are selected to be phthalonitriles with different structures. These phthalocyanines and their intermediates are characterized by elemental analysis, IR and MS. The thermogravimetric loss and the aggregation behavior data of phthalocyanines are determined with the purpose to better understand the possible recording mechanism and to improve the dye's practical applications in the optoelectronic field.
Unusual behavior of the A /sup 2/Pi/sub u/ state of the O/sub 2//sup -/ ion (1980)

The inner wall of a recently calculated potential energy curve of the A /sup 2/Pi/sub u/ state of the O/sub 2//sup -/ ion shows a curious falttening. To explain and correct this, various aspects of the model used for the MCSCF calculations are analyzed. The interesting finding is that for the adiabatic potential curve the flattening is real and at distances <2.5 bohrs, a Rydberg-like /sup 2/Pi/sub u/ state has a lower energy than the lowest valence /sup 2/Pi/sub u/ state. This leads to a distortion of the repulsive wall of the adiabatic A /sup 2/Pi/sub u/ state and also to a potential well in the complementary adiabatic B /sup 2/Pi/sub u/ state (which is valence in character at short distances and Rydberg-like at large distances). Implications of this avoided crossing for electron scattering from O/sub 2/ are discussed.
<title>Robot vision system for obstacle avoidance planning</title> (1991)

The obstacles are treated as stationary obstacles providing the input to a path planning algorithm. It is assumed that the vehicle is equipped with a TV camera which scans the navigational space and provides information about the obstacles. The sensing system samples the observation space at predetermined time intervals. Due to the relative motion of the camera system with respect to the environment a''two-dimensional image flow is created on the image plane. The appareance of an obstacle can be recovered by means an optical flow analysis of the regions corresponding to surfaces having different depths.
Hydrogen-deuterium exchange of N-methylpyridinium ion in methanol containing amines. Identity of the catalyzing base (1973)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTHydrogen-deuterium exchange of N-methylpyridinium ion in methanol containing amines. Identity of the catalyzing baseJohn A. Zoltewicz and Vernon W. CantwellCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1973, 38, 4, 829–830Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1973Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1973https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00944a052https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00944a052research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views60Altmetric-Citations3LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Two New Hosts of Xanthomonas campestris pv. vitians (1998)

Bacterial leaf spot of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) caused by Xanthomonas campestris pv. vitians (proposed new names X. axonopodis pv. vitians / X. hortorum pv. vitians) is an economically important disease in many areas of the world (1,2). Serious outbreaks occurred in Ohio in 1995 and 1996. The primary sources of the causal agent are presumed to be contaminated seed and infected plant debris in the field. Once the disease is present in a field, crop rotation is required to decrease primary inoculum of the pathogen. Therefore, appropriate crop rotation sequences need to be determined based on the host range of the pathogen. Some vegetable crops, including tomato, pepper, cabbage, collard, kale, radish, and horseradish, were tested for susceptibility to four representative strains of X. campestris pv. vitians by spray inoculation in the greenhouse. Typical symptoms of bacterial leaf spot were observed on tomato and pepper plants 8 days after inoculation, whereas the other crops did not develop diagnostic symptoms. The pathogen was reisolated and Koch's postulates were completed on tomato and pepper. This is the first report that X. campestris pv. vitians strains can cause bacterial spot disease on tomato and pepper. References: (1) C. L. Patterson et al. Plant Dis. 70:982, 1986. (2) L. Vauterin et al. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 45:472, 1995.
Whole Body 3T MRI System with Eight Parallel RF Transmission Channels (2006)

I. Graesslin, P. Vernickel, J. Schmidt, C. Findeklee, P. Roschmann, C. Leussler, P. Haaker, H. Laudan, K. M. Luedeke, J. Scholz, S. Buller, J. Keupp, P. Bornert, H. Dingemans, G. Mens, G. Vissers, K. Blom, N. Swennen, J. vd Heijden, L. Mollevanger, P. Harvey, U. Katscher Philips Research Laboratories, Hamburg, Germany, TuTech Innovation, Hamburg, Germany, Philips Medical Systems, Best, Netherlands, Philips Medical Systems Introduction Dielectric resonance effects diminish the quality of body MR images at main fields at 3T or above. Parallel RF transmission techniques bear the potential of compensating for these effects through RF shimming. Such techniques have been studied in simulations [1], and first multi-channel transmit systems were presented recently [2-4]. Furthermore, such systems enable advanced parallel transmission imaging techniques like [5-7], e.g., to accelerate multi-dimensional RF-pulses. This paper describes the first MRI prototype system based on a modified clinical MR scanner, which features whole body imaging at 3T using genuine eight-channel transmitter/receiver (Tx/Rx) technology.
An explicit method for computing the positive real lemma matrices (1997)

This paper presents an explicit non-iterative method for computing the positive real matrices and Youla's spectral factorization of a MIMO SPR system. All the computations are performed based on a minimal state space realization (A, B, C, D) with no restriction on D. The algorithm is tested on a seventh order MIMO system. © 1997 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Characterization of the Antithrombotic Fingerprint of the Branded and Copies of the Low-Molecular-Weight Enoxaparin Using Thrombin Generation Assay (2015)

Enoxaparin copies showed significant variability regarding their inhibitory potency on thrombin generation. Platelets and cancer cells significantly increased the variability of the antithrombotic efficiency of the copies as compared to the branded enoxaparin. The present study underlines the need for the elaboration of additional functional criteria to evaluate the global antithrombotic capacity of enoxaparin copies in order to evaluate their potential sameness with the branded drug.
Difference between the resistance mechanisms of aclacinomycin- and adriamycin-resistant P388 cell lines. (1995)

Aclacinomycin (ACR) is an anthracycline anticancer drug that shows marked effects in Adriamycin (ADM)-resistant tumors. ADM, however, is not effective against ACR-resistant tumor cells. When tumor cells acquire resistance to ACR, though the resistance is not easily acquired, they show strong cross-resistance to ADM. To study the mechanism underlying these phenomena, we studied the resistance mechanism of ACR- and ADM-resistant P388 leukemia cells. The P388/ACR cells showed 4.9- and 100-fold resistance to ACR and ADM, respectively, whereas the P388/ADM cells showed respectively 2.0- and 270-fold resistance. Both P388/ACR and P388/ADM cells expressed large amounts of P-glycoprotein, and the amount was 3-fold higher in the P388/ACR than in the P388/ADM cells. As a result, the accumulation of vincristine and ADM were greatly reduced in P388/ACR and P388/ADM cells, as compared with the parental P388 cells. The accumulation of ACR, however, was moderately reduced in both the resistant cell lines. ACR accumulation in P388/ACR and P388/ADM cells was reduced to respectively 37 and 64% of the level in P388 cells. The amount and the activity of topoisomerase II were comparable in P388 and P388/ACR cells, but they were reduced in P388/ADM cells. Consequently, the formation of protein (topoisomerase II)-DNA cross-links induced by a topoisomerase II inhibitor was more prominent in the P388 and P388/ACR nuclei than in the P388/ADM nuclei. Notably, ACR could reduce the protein-DNA cross-links equally in the nuclei of P388, P388/ACR, and P388/ADM cells.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Electrified Hydrogen Production from Methane for PEM Fuel Cells Feeding: A Review (2022)

The greatest challenge of our times is to identify low cost and environmentally friendly alternative energy sources to fossil fuels. From this point of view, the decarbonization of industrial chemical processes is fundamental and the use of hydrogen as an energy vector, usable by fuel cells, is strategic. It is possible to tackle the decarbonization of industrial chemical processes with the electrification of systems. The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of the latest research on the electrification of endothermic industrial chemical processes aimed at the production of H2 from methane and its use for energy production through proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFC). In particular, two main electrification methods are examined, microwave heating (MW) and resistive heating (Joule), aimed at transferring heat directly on the surface of the catalyst. For cases, the catalyst formulation and reactor configuration were analyzed and compared. The key aspects of the use of H2 through PEM were also analyzed, highlighting the most used catalysts and their performance. With the information contained in this review, we want to give scientists and researchers the opportunity to compare, both in terms of reactor and energy efficiency, the different solutions proposed for the electrification of chemical processes available in the recent literature. In particular, through this review it is possible to identify the solutions that allow a possible scale-up of the electrified chemical process, imagining a distributed production of hydrogen and its consequent use with PEMs. As for PEMs, in the review it is possible to find interesting alternative solutions to platinum with the PGM (Platinum Group Metal) free-based catalysts, proposing the use of Fe or Co for PEM application.
Streamlined payload processing in the 21st century (2001)

Launching payloads into space continues to be a weekly occurrence around the world. Although it is becoming commonplace, it has not become a low-cost or low-risk, quick and simple process. Out of these conditions, concepts have been developed and efforts are underway to create a generic set of processes and tools that will advance payload processing into the 21st Century by making it more efficient and less complicated. These new approaches are developing more cost effective, shorter cycle time processes, and require fewer resources than in the past. The KSC Center of Excellence for Payload Processing, built on the last 40 years of experience in processing all types of payloads (Shuttle, Expendable, Space Station, etc.), has been addressing these areas. Development is complete and operations are underway on the high fidelity checkout system used to perform final verification of flight interfaces between the International Space Station (ISS) and its science experiments. This system is typical of what has been used in the past for verifying interfaces which include: high, medium, and low rate data communications; video, command and data handling; power; and fluids/gases. The system also contains an ISS Program equivalent ground station, which will receive and process payload telemetry and distribute that telemetry to the appropriate customers. The recently developed concepts and projects underway address the lifecycle of payload processing, integrating agency and customer needs and requirements, and support geographically distributed processing. These concepts have driven out areas of synergy and leverage which enable large improvements to be proposed for payloads headed for Space Station or flying on Shuttle.
Morphine as a Potential Oxidative Stress-Causing Agent (2013)

Morphine exhibits important pharmacological effects for which it has been used in medical practice for quite a long time. However, it has a high addictive potential and can be abused. Long-term use of this drug can be connected with some pathological consequences including neurotoxicity and neuronal dysfunction, hepatotoxicity, kidney dysfunction, oxidative stress and apoptosis. Therefore, most studies examining the impact of morphine have been aimed at determining the effects induced by chronic morphine exposure in the brain, liver, cardiovascular system and macrophages. It appears that different tissues may respond to morphine diversely and are distinctly susceptible to oxidative stress and subsequent oxidative damage of biomolecules. Importantly, production of reactive oxygen/nitrogen species induced by morphine, which have been observed under different experimental conditions, can contribute to some pathological processes, degenerative diseases and organ dysfunctions occurring in morphine abusers or morphine-treated patients. This review attempts to provide insights into the possible relationship between morphine actions and oxidative stress.
Supermolecular Self-Assembly of Graphene Sheets:  Formation of Tube-in-Tube Nanostructures (2004)

Graphitic impurity nanoparticles were reorganized outside and inside of carbon nanotubes to produce novel tube-in-tube nanostructures. The graphitic nanoparticles were disintegrated into small graphene sheets by an intercalation−exfoliation process with nitric acid, during which the graphene sheets were simultaneously modified with carboxyl and hydroxyl groups at their edges. The modified graphene sheets were self-organized outside and inside of pristine carbon nanotubes in an acid-catalyzed esterification process, leading to an assembly of well-constructed tube-in-tube nanostructures.
Differential Cannabinoid Receptor Expression during Reactive Gliosis: a Possible Implication for a Nonpsychotropic Neuroprotection (2009)

Activated microglia and astrocytes produce a large number of inflammatory and neurotoxic substances in various brain pathologies, above all during neurodegenerative disorders. In the search for new neuroprotective compounds, interest has turned to marijuana derivatives, since in several in vitro, in vivo, and clinical studies, they have shown a great ability to control neuroinflammation. Despite the emerging evidence regarding pharmacological activities of cannabinoids, their effective introduction into clinical therapy still remains controversial and strongly limited by their unavoidable psychotropicity. Since the psychotropic effect of cannabinoids is generally linked to the activation of the CB1 receptor on neurons, the aim of our review is to clarify the function of the two cannabinoid receptors on glial cells and the differential role played by them, highlighting the emerging evidence of a CB2-mediated control of neuroinflammation that could liberate cannabinoids from the slavery of their central side effects. Despite the emerging evidence regarding pharmacological activities of cannabinoids, however their effective introduction in the clinical therapy remains still controversial and strongly limited by their unavoidable psychotropicity. Since the psychotropic effect of cannabinoids is generally linked to the activation of CB1 receptor on neurons, aim of our review is to clarify the functioning of the two cannabinoid receptors on glial cells and the differential role played by them, highlighting the emerging evidence of a CB2-mediated control of neuro-inflammation that could liberate cannabinoids from the slavery of the central side effects.