gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
On-line Partial Discharge (PD) Spot Testing and Monitoring of High Voltage Cable Sealing Ends (2008)

The authors present a paper detailing some recent on-line partial discharge (PD) testing and software data analysis work carried out to develop a suitable and robust method for on-line PD spot testing and monitoring of in-service" energised high voltage outdoor cable sealing ends. The work was carried out in follow-up to several failures of 132kV and 220kV HV cable sealing ends at electricity transmission utilities in Europe. One of the main challenges encountered when testing HV cable sealing ends is to differentiate between the highly dangerous internal PD activity within the sealing ends from the large number of external" high frequency impulsive interferences originating from other nearby items of plant. Sources of such interference include corona and discharges on the surfaces of ceramic insulators related to atmospheric pollution and weather. New techniques have been developed that involve synchronously capturing data from four sensors and comparing the signals in order to identify internal PD activity in the sealing end. The system can be used as a tool for commissioning new cable sealing ends and also assessing the insulation condition of aged ones.
Dysferlin mutations and mitochondrial dysfunction (2016)

Dysferlinopathies are caused by mutations in the DYSF gene and patients may present with proximal or distal myopathy. Dysferlin is responsible for membrane resealing, and mutations may result in a defect in membrane repair following mechanical or chemical stress, causing an influx of Ca<sup>2+</sup>. Since mitochondria are involved in Ca<sup>2+</sup> buffering, we hypothesised that mitochondrial defects may be present in skeletal muscle biopsies from patients with mutations in this gene. The aim was to characterise mitochondrial defects in muscle from patients with dysferlinopathies. Here, we analysed skeletal muscle biopsies for eight patients by quadruple immunofluorescent assay to assess oxidative phosphorylation protein abundance. Long-range PCR in single muscle fibres was used to look for presence of clonally expanded large-scale mitochondrial DNA rearrangements in patients' skeletal muscle (n = 3). Immunofluorescence demonstrated that the percentage of complex I- and complex IV-deficient fibres was higher in patients with DYSF mutations than in age-matched controls. No clonally expanded mtDNA deletions were detected using long-range PCR in any of the analysed muscle fibres. We conclude that complex I and complex IV deficiency is higher in patients than age matched controls but patients do not have rearrangements of the mtDNA. We hypothesise that respiratory chain deficiency may be the results of an increased cytosolic Ca<sup>2+</sup> concentration (due to a membrane resealing defect) causing mitochondrial aberrations.
Caracterización geológica del cinturón de pliegues y cabalgamientos bético en el transecto del “Caminito del Rey” (Málaga). Bases para la interpretación de su patrimonio geológico (2018)

espanolEl “Caminito del Rey” es actualmente uno de los mayores atractivos de turismo de natur aleza de Andalucia. Uno de sus valores mas destacados es el relieve, que resulta de la evolucion geologica regional. Pese a ello, la informacion geologica existente es escasa y esta a menudo desfasada. Geologicamente, esta ruta se localiza en el cinturon de pliegues y cabalgamientos del Subbetico Interno (Cordilleras Beticas). En este trabajo se presenta informacion detallada acerca de distintos aspectos geologicos (estratigraficos, estructurales y geomorfologicos) que pueden observarse durante el recorrido. Entre estos destacan la secuencia preorogenica subbetica y depositos tardi-orogenicos; la estructura imbricada caracteristica de las sierras del Valle de Abdalajis y de Huma, y los desfiladeros de Gaitanejos y Los Gaitanes. La integracion e interpretacion de dichas observaciones, con ayuda de un especialista, permitiria al visitante entender algunos aspectos clave de la evolucion geologica de esta zona del Subbetico desde el Triasico superior hasta la actualidad y, sobre todo, de los procesos que han generado un paisaje tan espectacular. EnglishThe “Caminito del Rey” is nowadays one of the main nature touristic attractions of Andalucia. One of its most remarkable features is the relief, which results from the regional geological evolution. However, the available geological information is scarce and often outdated.Geologically, this route is located in the fold-and-thrust belt of the Internal Subbetic (Betic Chain). In this work, we present detailed information about several geological items (stratigraphic, structural and geomorphological) that can be observed along the route. The most remarkable are the stratigraphic subbetic pre-orogenic sequence and late-orogenic deposits, the characteristic imbricate structure of the Valle de Abdalajis and Huma sierras, and the Gaitanejos and Los Gaitanes gorges. The integration and interpretation of these features, with expert aid, would allow the visitor to understand some key issues of the geological evolution of this sector of the Subbetic from the Upper Triassic to present-day and, above all, the processes that generated such a spectacular landscape.
Revista de revistas. Los estudios de economía vasca: un artículo de síntesis (1992-1993) (1994)

Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) derivatives that encode movement protein (MP) as a fusion to the green fluorescent protein (MP:GFP) were used in combination with antibody staining to identify host cell components to which MP and replicase accumulate in cells of infected Nicotiana benthamiana leaves and in infected BY-2 protoplasts. MP:GFP and replicase colocalized to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER; especially the cortical ER) and were present in large, irregularly shaped, ER-derived structures that may represent "viral factories." The ER-derived structures required an intact cytoskeleton, and microtubules appeared to redistribute MP:GFP from these sites during late stages of infection. In leaves, MP:GFP accumulated in plasmodesmata, whereas in protoplasts, the MP:GFP was targeted to distinct, punctate sites near the plasma membrane. Treating protoplasts with cytochalasin D and brefeldin A at the time of inoculation prevented the accumulation of MP:GFP at these sites. It is proposed that the punctate sites anchor the cortical ER to plasma membrane and are related to sites at which plasmodesmata form in walled cells. Hairlike structures containing MP:GFP appeared on the surface of some of the infected protoplasts and are reminiscent of similar structures induced by other plant viruses. We present a model that postulates the role of the ER and cytoskeleton in targeting the MP and viral ribonucleoprotein from sites of virus synthesis to the plasmodesmata through which infection is spread.
Study of Ag(111) and Au(111) electrodes by optical second-harmonic generation (1990)

We have measured the potential dependence of optical second-harmonic generation from Ag(111) and Au(111) electrodes at wavelengths below and above the free electron regime. In the free electron regime, the cubic nonlinear susceptibility is dominant, leading to similar effects for positive and negative charging. Above the free electron regime, the quadratic nonlinear susceptibility of the d-electrons is dominant, leading to different effects for positive and negative charging. We also followed the oxidoreduction of Au(111) and found that second-harmonic generation is very sensitive to the different steps of the reaction.
Predicting the Phase Equilibria, Critical Phenomena, and Mixing Enthalpies of Binary Aqueous Systems Containing Alkanes, Cycloalkanes, Aromatics, Alkenes, and Gases (N2, CO2, H2S, H2) with the PPR78 Equation of State (2013)

The phase behavior of water/hydrocarbon mixtures in a wide range of concentrations, temperatures, and pressures is important in a variety of chemical engineering applications. For this reason, the physical understanding and mathematical modeling of these aqueous–organic mixtures constitute a challenging task, both for scientists and for applied engineers. In this work, mutual solubilities, critical loci, and mixing enthalpies of water + hydrocarbon, water + carbon dioxide, water + nitrogen, water + hydrogen sulfide, and water + hydrogen binary mixtures are predicted using the PPR78 cubic equation of state (EoS). The extremely nonideal behavior of these systems produces unusual and complex thermodynamic behavior. As an example, such mixtures often exhibit type III phase behavior in the classification scheme of Van Konynenburg and Scott and are characterized by a vapor–liquid critical line which first exhibits a temperature minimum and then extends to temperatures above the critical point of pure water. Such a behavior, called gas–gas equilibria of the second kind is a consequence of the large degree of immiscibility of the two components. The selected PPR78 model combines the Peng–Robinson cubic EoS and a group-contribution method aimed at predicting the temperature-dependent binary interaction parameters, kij(T), involved in the Van der Waals one-fluid mixing rules. Although, it is acknowledged that cubic EoS with a constant kij are not suitable to predict phase equilibria of such highly nonideal systems, the addition of the H2O group to the PPR78 model makes it possible to conclude that the use of temperature-dependent binary interaction parameters not only results in qualitatively accurate predictions over wide pressure and temperature ranges but also leads to quantitatively reasonable predictions for many of the studied systems.
Stress-optic effect in ice (1994)

It is demonstrated in this letter that single-crystal ice exhibits stress-optic effect or temporary stress-induced birefringence. This effect can be used in the exploration of the stresses using the standard techniques of photoelasticity. The photoelastic sensitivity of ice is quite high compared to glass and thus, should be quite useful in the determination of stresses in polycrystalline materials particularly near grain boundaries and in the vicinity of cracks.
Using Microwave Distillation-Solid-Phase Microextraction--Gas Chromatography--Mass Spectrometry for Analyzing Fish Tissue (2000)

A technique for the analysis of the volatile compounds from fish tissue employing microwave distillation-solid-phase microextraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry is described. A qualitative listing of 174 compounds observed in the headspace is given, and a quantitative method for the determination of the off-flavor contaminants (2-methylisoborneol and geosmin) is presented. Borneol and decahydro-1-naphthol are used as the surrogate and internal standards, respectively. A linear calibration curve is obtained for 0.1 to 5 ppb with a recovery level of 60% at 2.5 ppb. Comparison of the instrumental method with a human flavor checker showed good agreement.
A Smart Way to Validate UV Systems for Reuse Applications (2010)

ktofL^ii~oc= OMMP= raie~iacaEi= aaeaaNEAiaca= diaCEaaaEe= CEeAeaAE= ~= aEiUcCcacOo= Nce= i~aaC~iaaO= rs= poeiEae= Nce= eEieE
The Cambridge illustrated glossary of botanical terms (2000)

Foreword Acknowledgements Preface Notes to readers Symbols Prefixes (general) Prefixes (numerical) Suffixes Measurements Taxonomic ranks Part I. The Glossary Part II. The Illustrations: Roots, storage organs and vegetative reproduction Seeds and seedlings Growth and life forms General features of flowering plants Plant features and responses Leaf-like structures and other vegetative features Leaves Hairs and scales Floral features Flower structure Features of certain plant families Fruits Conifers and conifer allies Ferns and fern allies.
Detection of Kallikrein Gene Expression and Enzymatic Activity in Porcine Endometrium During the Estrous Cycle and Early Pregnancy1 (1999)

Porcine conceptuses rapidly elongate within the uterine horns prior to the period of placental attachment. During the time of elongation, secretion of estrogen by the developing conceptuses occurs for the establishment of pregnancy through maintenance of corpora lutea and facilitation of placental attachment. Factors associated with the uterine luminal epithelium accentuate embryo attachment by allowing close contact between the conceptus and the uterine epithelium. Kallikrein, a serine protease, may be involved with the timing of conceptus expansion and placental attachment to the uterine surface. The objective of this study was to evaluate kallikrein enzymatic activity, protein, and gene expression in the pig during the estrous cycle and early pregnancy. Enzymatic activity was first detected in uterine flushings (UTF) on Day 12 of the estrous cycle and pregnancy. Activity was enhanced on Day 12 of pregnancy compared to that in cyclic gilts, with a reversal of increased kallikrein activity in cyclic compared to pregnant flushings on Day 15. Western blot analysis with antiserum to human plasma kallikrein detected a 50-kDa product similar to human plasma kallikrein from Day 10 to Day 15 of the estrous cycle and pregnancy. Kallikrein enzymatic activity in UTF was associated with the presence of a 23-kDa reactive product. Gene expression of kallikrein as determined by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction indicated the presence of kallikrein mRNA in the porcine endometrium and conceptuses. Results indicate that an increase in uterine luminal kallikrein activity occurs during the estrous cycle at a period that corresponds to rapid conceptus elongation during pregnancy of the pig. The present information suggests that kallikrein may play a role in opening the window for establishment of pregnancy in the pig.
Nanofiberization of inner helical mesoporous silica using chiral gelator as template under a shear flow (2005)

Aligned nanofibers with inner-helical mesoporous silica were synthesized using chiral gelator as template under basic conditions and a shear flow.
Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase in adipocyte differentiation in culture (1990)

Differentiation of 3T3-L1 cells from a fibroblast to an adipocyte phenotype results in an approximately 50% decline in Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase activity and ouabain-sensitive 86Rb uptake. Kinetic analysis revealed a K 1/2 for Na+ of approximately 14 mM, a Km for ATP of approximately 0.4 mM, and maximal activation by sodium dodecyl sulfate at a 0.05 (wt/wt) detergent/protein ratio in both mature fibroblasts and adipocytes. Both fibroblasts and adipocytes exhibited Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase activity with an inhibition constant (Ki) for ouabain of approximately 10(-4) M. In addition, adipocytes exhibited a second component representing 30% of total activity with a Ki of approximately 5 x 10(-7) M. The emergence of biphasic ouabain inhibition kinetics in adipocytes raised the possibility of a change in alpha-subunit isoform composition with cytodifferentiation. This inference was evaluated by isoform-specific mRNA analysis (Northern blots) and by alpha-isoform-specific immunoassays (Western blots). Northern blots revealed a modest decrease in mRNA alpha 1, a striking increase in mRNA alpha 2, and a significant loss of mRNA beta content with differentiation of fibroblasts to adipocytes. By immunoassay, fibroblasts exhibited the alpha 1-isoform. Adipocytes exhibited an admixture of alpha 1- and alpha 2-isoforms, with alpha 2 being the more abundant isoform. There was no one-to-one correspondence either between the mRNA isoform and alpha-subunit abundances or between alpha-subunit abundances and enzymatic activity, suggesting that regulation occurs at multiple levels in this system. Findings indicate, however, that a shift in alpha-isoform composition accompanied by a change in ouabain inhibition kinetics occurs with cytodifferentiation.
Integrating Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. strigae into cereal cropping systems in Africa (2009)

Synergistic effects between the Striga-resistant maize line and Fusarium oxysporum f. sp strigae led to over 90% reduction in Striga emergence. These results will further encourage the distribution of the isolates tested or selection of country-specific relatives as viable and environmentally safe biocontrol agents to be used against Striga. Pesta was the most effective formulation, while seed coating may be more cost effective.
Reflectance map techniques for analyzing surface defects in metal castings (1978)

This report explores the relation between image intensity and object shape. It is shown that image intensity is related to surface orientation and that a variation in image intensity is related to surface curvature. Computational methods are developed which use the measured intensity variation across surfaces of smooth objects to determine surface orientation. The visual inspection of surface defects in metal castings is considered. Two casting applications are discussed. The first is the precision investment casting of turbine blades and vanes for aircraft jet engines. In this application, grain size is an important process variable. The existing industry standard for estimating the average grain size of metals is implemented and demonstrated on a sample turbine vane. Grain size can be computed from the measurements obtained in an image, once the foreshortening effects of surface curvature are accounted for. The second is the green sand mold casting of shuttle eyes for textile looms. Here, physical constraints inherent to the casting process translate into constraints on the surface topography of cast objects. In order to exploit these constraints, it is necessary to interpret features of intensity as features of object shape. Both applications demonstrate that successful visual inspection requires the ability to interpret observed changes in intensity in the context of surface topography. The theoretical tools developed in this reort provide a framework for this interpretation.
Ultrafast carrier dynamics in InGaAs quantum dot materials and devices (2006)

In this paper we review the subject of dephasing processes and population dynamics in self-assembled InGaAs/GaAs quantum dot materials and devices. Our aim is to give a comprehensive overview of our experimental results and an up-to-date discussion in comparison with present theories and other experiments reported in the literature. Additionally, we present new experimental results on InGaAs quantum dots emitting near 1.3 µm wavelength. Concerning the understanding of the fundamental physical processes, we will address the issues of carrier–phonon interaction and carrier–carrier Coulomb interaction and compare dephasing times with population dynamics to highlight the role of pure dephasing processes. Furthermore, we will point out the impact of the measured dynamics specifically at room temperature and under electrical injection in active waveguide structures, for the application of InGaAs/GaAs quantum dots in optoelectronic devices.
Assembly of a Dihydrideborate and Two Aryl Nitriles to Form a C,N,N′-Pincer Ligand Coordinated to Osmium (2021)

The C,N,N'-donor aryl-diimineborate pincer ligand of the complexes OsH<sub>2</sub>{κ<sup>3</sup>-<i>C</i>,<i>N</i>,<i>N</i>-[C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>3</sub>RCH=NB(cat)N=CHC<sub>6</sub>H<sub>4</sub>R]}(P<sup>i</sup>Pr<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub> (R = H, Me) has been generated in a one-pot procedure, by the reaction of the hexahydride OsH<sub>6</sub>(P<sup>i</sup>Pr<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub> with catecholborane (catBH) and two molecules of the corresponding aryl nitrile. The osmium-pincer bonding situation has been analyzed by means of atoms in molecules (AIM), natural bond orbital (NBO), and energy decomposition analysis coupled with the natural orbitals for chemical valence (EDA-NOCV) methods. According to the results, the complexes exhibit a rather strong electron-sharing Os-C bond, two weaker donor-acceptor N-Os bonds, and two π-back-donations from the transition metal to vacant π* orbitals of the formed metallacycles. In addition, spectroscopic findings and DFT calculations reveal that the donor units of the pincer are incorporated in a sequential manner. First, the central Os-N bond is formed, by the reaction of the dihydrideborate ligand of the intermediate OsH<sub>3</sub>{κ<sup>2</sup>-<i>H</i>,<i>H</i>-(H<sub>2</sub>Bcat)}(P<sup>i</sup>Pr<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub> with one of the aryl nitriles. The subsequent oxidative addition of the <i>o</i>-C-H bond of the aryl substituent of the resulting κ<sup>1</sup>-<i>N</i>-(<i>N</i>-boryl-arylaldimine) affords the Os-C bond. Finally, the second Os-N bond is generated from a hydride, an ortho-metalated <i>N</i>-boryl-arylaldimine, and the second aryl nitrile.
Lipid Bilayer Membranes: Production and Biophysical Characterization (2021)

Bilayer lipid membranes mimic the lipid portion of any cell membrane, therefore they are largely used for studying transmembrane transport, reconstitution of membrane channels and receptors, and binding of molecules and other small ligands. Two important physical features of an artificial lipid membrane must be monitored to assess its integrity and correct biological functionality: unilamellarity, to assure that only a bilayer is formed, and conductance, to assure negligible leakage. This work describes the production and physical characterization of bilayer lipid membranes. To physically describe the membrane, we assumed an equivalent electrical circuit consisting of a parallel plate capacitor and a resistor. After membrane formation, we determined its unilamellarity from its thickness, which was indirectly estimated from capacitance measurements. This was done by measuring the rectangular capacitive current measured in response to a triangle voltage for which dV/dt = ±1. The membrane’s conductance was determined by measuring the ionic currents in response to step voltages. Our investigations indicate production of a bilayer membrane with a negligible leakage. In conclusion, electrical methods are powerful approaches for establishing if artificial membranes replicate the lipid partition of a real cell membrane.
Mineralocorticoid Effects in the Kidney (2003)

Aldosterone exerts its effects through interactions with two types of binding sites, the mineralocorticoid (MR) and the glucocorticoid (GR) receptors. Although both receptors are known to be involved in the anti-natriuretic response to aldosterone, the mechanisms of signal transduction leading to modulation of electrolyte transport are not yet fully understood. This study measured the Na(+) and K(+) urinary excretion and the mRNA levels of three known aldosterone-induced transcripts, the serum and glucocorticoid-induced kinase (Sgk-1), the alpha subunit of the epithelial Na(+) channel (alphaENaC), and the glucocorticoid-induced-leucine-zipper protein (GILZ) in the whole kidney and in isolated cortical collecting tubules of adrenalectomized rats treated with low doses of aldosterone and/or dexamethasone. The resulting plasma concentrations of both steroids were close to 1 nmol/L. Aldosterone, given with or without dexamethasone, induced anti-natriuresis and kaliuresis, whereas dexamethasone alone did not. GILZ and alphaENaC transcripts were higher after treatment with either or both hormones, whereas the mRNA abundance of Sgk-1 was increased in the cortical collecting tubule by aldosterone but not by dexamethasone. We conclude the increased expression of Sgk-1 in the cortical collecting tubules is a primary event in the early antinatriuretic and kaliuretic responses to physiologic concentrations of aldosterone. Induction of alphaENaC and/or GILZ mRNAs may play a permissive role in the enhancement of the early and/or late responses; these effects may be necessary for a full response but do not by themselves promote early changes in urinary Na(+) and K(+) excretion.