gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Real-time energy management based on ECMS with stochastic optimized adaptive equivalence factor for HEVs (2018)

For both globally suboptimal solution and implementable strategy, a real-time energy management strategy, based on equivalent consumption minimization strategy (ECMS), is proposed for commuter hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) running on fixed routes. The determination of the adaptive equivalence factor is a focus. By the statistical characteristics deriving from historical driving data, the infinite-horizon stochastic dynamic programming (SDP) optimization with a discount factor is first formulated for finding proper equivalence factor according to uncertain driving cycles on a fixed route. And then, a mapping of equivalent factor on the system state is established off-line by stochastic optimal solution deriving from SDP policy iteration algorithm. In the power splits online, the equivalence factor of the implemented adaptive ECMS is obtained from the mapping according to the real time driving condition to achieve the near global optimal control objective that fuel consumption is minimized and the battery state of charge (SOC) is maintained within the boundaries over the whole driving route. Based on the HEV test platform established by specialized GT-Suite, simulation results and comparisons in some real driving cycles are presented to verify the effectiveness of the proposed strategy and to evaluate the advantages over other strategies.
Relative Spectral Difference Occurrence Matrix: A Metrological Spectral-Spatial Feature for Hyperspectral Texture Analysis (2019)

We develop a spectral-spatial feature, Relative Spectral Difference Occurrence Matrix (RSDOM) for hyperspectral texture recognition. Inspired by Julesz's conjecture, the proposed feature is based on spectral difference approach and respects the metrological constraints. It simultaneously considers the distribution of spectra and their spatial arrangement in the hyperspectral image. The feature is generic and adapted for any number of spectral bands and range. We validate our proposition by applying a classification scheme on the HyTexiLa database. An accuracy comparable to local binary pattern approach is obtained, but at a much reduced cost due to the extremely small feature size.
A scalable parallel cell-projection volume rendering algorithm for three-dimensional unstructured data (1997)

Visualizing three dimensional unstructured data from aerodynamics calculations is challenging because the associated meshes are typically large in size and irregular in both shape and resolution. The goal of this research is to develop a fast, efficient parallel volume rendering algorithm for massively parallel distributed memory supercomputers consisting of a large number of very powerful processors. We use cell projection instead of ray casting to provide maximum flexibility in the data distribution and rendering steps. Effective static load balancing is achieved with a round robin distribution of data cells among the processors. A spatial partitioning tree is used to guide the rendering, optimize the image compositing step, and reduce memory consumption. Communication cost is reduced by buffering messages and by overlapping communication with rendering calculations as much as possible. Tests on the IBM SP2 demonstrate that these strategies provide high rendering rates and good scalability. For a dataset containing half a million tetrahedral cells, we achieve two frames per second for a 400/spl times/400 pixel image using 128 processors.
SeqKit: A Cross-Platform and Ultrafast Toolkit for FASTA/Q File Manipulation (2016)

FASTA and FASTQ are basic and ubiquitous formats for storing nucleotide and protein sequences. Common manipulations of FASTA/Q file include converting, searching, filtering, deduplication, splitting, shuffling, and sampling. Existing tools only implement some of these manipulations, and not particularly efficiently, and some are only available for certain operating systems. Furthermore, the complicated installation process of required packages and running environments can render these programs less user friendly. This paper describes a cross-platform ultrafast comprehensive toolkit for FASTA/Q processing. SeqKit provides executable binary files for all major operating systems, including Windows, Linux, and Mac OSX, and can be directly used without any dependencies or pre-configurations. SeqKit demonstrates competitive performance in execution time and memory usage compared to similar tools. The efficiency and usability of SeqKit enable researchers to rapidly accomplish common FASTA/Q file manipulations. SeqKit is open source and available on Github at https://github.com/shenwei356/seqkit.
Complement activation by tubular cells is mediated by properdin binding (2008)

Activation of filtered complement products on the brush border of the tubular epithelium is thought to be a key factor underlying proteinuria-induced tubulointerstitial injury. However, the mechanism of tubular complement activation is still unclear. Recent studies on mechanisms of complement activation indicate a key role for properdin in the initiation of an alternative pathway. We hypothesized that properdin serves as a focal point for complement activation on the tubulus. We observed a strong staining for properdin on the luminal surface of the tubules in kidney biopsies from patients with proteinuric renal disease. In vitro experiments revealed dose-dependent binding of properdin to proximal tubular epithelial cells (PTEC), whereas no significant binding to endothelial cells was detected. Exposure of PTEC with normal human serum as a source of complement resulted in complement activation with deposition of C3 and generation of C5b-9. These effects were virtually absent with properdin-deficient serum. Preincubation of PTEC with properdin before addition of properdin-depleted serum fully restored complement activation on the cells, strongly suggesting a key role for properdin in the activation of complement at the tubular surface. In proteinuric renal disease, filtered properdin may bind to PTEC and act as a focal point for alternative pathway activation. We propose that this contribution of properdin is pivotal in tubular complement activation and subsequent damage. Interference with properdin binding to tubular cells may provide an option for the treatment of proteinuric renal disease.
Smart integration of food and bioenergy production delivers on multiple ecosystem services (2021)

Abstract Agriculture is expected to feed an increasing global population while at the same time meeting demands for renewable energy and the supply of ecosystem services such as provision of nutrient cycling and carbon sequestration. However, the current structure of the agricultural system works against meeting these expectations. The spatial separation of crop and livestock farms has created negative environmental consequences, and bioenergy production has created a trade‐off between food and energy production. In this paper, we explore the opportunities for ecological intensification at a regional scale made possible by combining food and energy production. We built three scenarios representing farming systems including biogas production using grass biomass and manure. These scenarios included the following: (a) The current system with energy production (CSE) from non‐edible agricultural biomasses (CSE). (b) Agroecological symbiosis (AES) identical to CSE except with 20% of the arable cropping area converted to clover‐grasses for use in biogas production. (c) Agroecological symbiosis with livestock (AES‐LST) where the available grass biomass (20% as in the AES) is fed to livestock and manure then used as a feedstock in biogas production. In each scenario, nutrients were circulated back to crops in the form of digestate. The supply of soil functions (primary production for food and energy, provision of nutrient cycling, and climate mitigation) and impacts on water quality through nutrient losses in these three scenarios were then compared to the current system. Integrating biogas production into food production resulted in an increased supply of nutrient recycling, reduced nutrient losses, and increased carbon inputs to the soils indicating enhanced climate mitigation. Food production was either not affected (CSE), increased (AES‐LST), or decreased (AES), and biogas was produced in substantial quantities in each scenario. Our study demonstrated potential synergies in integrating food and energy production without compromising other ecosystem services in each scenario.
A double masked comparison of the intraocular pressure reducing effect of latanoprost 0.005% and 0.001% administered once daily in open angle glaucoma and ocular hypertension (1997)

Latanoprost 0.005% was more effective than latanoprost 0.001% in reducing IOP. Even the lower concentration was surprisingly effective, and potentially may be of importance for use in clinical practice. Furthermore, it is at present unknown whether the increase in iris pigmentation seen in certain patients treated with latanoprost 0.005% is dose dependent and might be less pronounced with latanoprost 0.001%. Long term studies with a larger number of patients are required in order to answer this question.
Sexual Offending and Mental Health Julia Houston Sexual Offending and Mental HealthandSarahGalloway Jessica Kingsley2008£25.00Pages: 28897818431055031843105500 (2008)

As part of the Forensic Focus Series, this book is a welcome addition to a family of publications that aims to use forensic psychopathy as a vehicle for the exploration of a range of theoretical and clinical issues. The focus is on the thorny subject of sexual offending and its relationship to mental health, acknowledging the need for a wider exploration of the subject area in a contemporary context.
Single-Shot Multi-Person 3D Pose Estimation From Monocular RGB (2017)

We propose a new single-shot method for multi-person 3D pose estimation in general scenes from a monocular RGB camera. Our approach uses novel occlusion-robust pose-maps (ORPM) which enable full body pose inference even under strong partial occlusions by other people and objects in the scene. ORPM outputs a fixed number of maps which encode the 3D joint locations of all people in the scene. Body part associations allow us to infer 3D pose for an arbitrary number of people without explicit bounding box prediction. To train our approach we introduce MuCo-3DHP, the first large scale training data set showing real images of sophisticated multi-person interactions and occlusions. We synthesize a large corpus of multi-person images by compositing images of individual people (with ground truth from mutli-view performance capture). We evaluate our method on our new challenging 3D annotated multi-person test set MuPoTs-3D where we achieve state-of-the-art performance. To further stimulate research in multi-person 3D pose estimation, we will make our new datasets, and associated code publicly available for research purposes.
Fiber-optic protease sensor based on the degradation of thin gelatin films (2014)

Despite increasing interest in situ monitoring of proteolytic activity in chronic wound is not possible and information can only be obtained by sampling wound exudate. In this context, we developed an evanescent wave (EW) fiber-optic sensor to quantify protease activity directly in the wound bed. Detection is based on the degradation of thin gelatin films deposited on the fiber core by dip-coating, which serve as a substrate for proteases. After staining with a chlorophyllin copper sodium salt biocompatible dye, EW absorption occurs proportionally to the dye concentration, which is detected by the variation in light transmission intensity. The sensor response varies proportionally to enzymatic activity, showing sensitivity against MMP-2 and MMP-9 down to 2 μg/mL and 10 μg/mL, respectively. In addition, it is sensitive to film thickness and crosslink density, thus allowing tuning of the sensitivity and lifetime. Designed to be totally biocompatible and low cost, this miniature sensor has potential for use as a point-of-care disposable device in a clinical environment to assist physicians with quantitative information about the wound healing process.
Fibroblast Growth Factor 2‐Mediated Regulation of Neuronal Exosome Release Depends on VAMP3/Cellubrevin in Hippocampal Neurons (2020)

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are endogenous membrane-derived vesicles that shuttle bioactive molecules between glia and neurons, thereby promoting neuronal survival and plasticity in the central nervous system (CNS) and contributing to neurodegenerative conditions. Although EVs hold great potential as CNS theranostic nanocarriers, the specific molecular factors that regulate neuronal EV uptake and release are currently unknown. A combination of patch-clamp electrophysiology and pH-sensitive dye imaging is used to examine stimulus-evoked EV release in individual neurons in real time. Whereas spontaneous electrical activity and the application of a high-frequency stimulus induce a slow and prolonged fusion of multivesicular bodies (MVBs) with the plasma membrane (PM) in a subset of cells, the neurotrophic factor basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) greatly increases the rate of stimulus-evoked MVB-PM fusion events and, consequently, the abundance of EVs in the culture medium. Proteomic analysis of neuronal EVs demonstrates bFGF increases the abundance of the v-SNARE vesicle-associated membrane protein 3 (VAMP3, cellubrevin) on EVs. Conversely, knocking-down VAMP3 in cultured neurons attenuates the effect of bFGF on EV release. The results determine the temporal characteristics of MVB-PM fusion in hippocampal neurons and reveal a new function for bFGF signaling in controlling neuronal EV release.
Mathematical description of photobleachingin vivodescribing the influence of tissue optics on measured fluorescence signals (1997)

The observed decrease in the fluorescence signal during photodynamic therapy (PDT) may contain dosimetric information as this photobleaching provides direct information on the photodynamic processes occurring in the tissue. A correct interpretation of the photobleaching signal, however, is crucial for its use in dosimetry. In this study the influence of scattering and absorption phenomena in tissue on the emitted fluorescence signal are described mathematically. Analytical solutions of the resulting expression show a difference from the single-decaying-exponential function generally used for describing photobleaching signals. The solutions are a function of the fluence rate at the inner side of tissue boundary psi(0*), the photobleaching dose constant beta, the incident irradiation power I0 and time. The accuracy of the results was investigated by comparison of the analytic solutions with numerical calculations using fluence rate profiles and escape functions obtained by Monte Carlo (MC) simulations. Good resemblance is observed when the value for psi(0*) calculated by the MC simulations is used in the analytical solutions. Experimental results in this study indicate the photobleaching dose constant of ALA-induced PpIX to be 33 +/- 3 J cm-2. Determination of beta for different types of photosensitizer and the development of an accurate method to determine psi(0*) can make monitoring of photobleaching during PDT valuable for dosimetry.
Oil Reserve Project Picks Up Speed (2011)

China will ratchet up its efforts to construct the second phase of the national crude oil reserve base project in 2011, as part of the country's endeavor to secure strategically important natural resources and stabilize the petroleum market.We will accelerate the construction pace of the project and ensure its quality, aiming to put it into operation as early as possible, the National Energy Administration (NEA) said in its annual energy work target for 2011.The agency, which is under China's top economic planner, the National Development and Reform Commission (NDRC), will strengthen supervision to guarantee the safe operation of oil reserve bases.
ChemInform Abstract: Combined Strategies for the Discovery of Ionotropic Glutamate Receptor Antagonists (2009)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Physical Characterizations of a Screen-Printed Electrode for Use in an Amperometric Biosensor System (2001)

Screen-printed electrodes are widely used in modern biosensor applications. The conditions under which screen-printing takes place contribute to the electrical properties of the electrodes produced. This article describes a disposable carbon paste electrode that is used as the basis of an amperometric immunosensor incorporating the electroactive polymer polyaniline. The electrodes are manufactured using a semiautomated screen-printing system. The conditions used for the screen-printing of the carbon ink were investigated using physical methods such as scanning electron microscopy and cyclic voltammetry to establish how differences in the carbon surface translated into changes in the performance characteristics of the electrode. A process of electrochemical surface pretreatment was studied with a view to maximizing amperometric responses for subsequent enzyme and antibody-based biosensor applications. Comparisons between the screen-printed electrodes and glassy carbon electrodes are also made.
The suppression of gastro-oesophageal reflux by alginates (2007)

The study shows that alginate reflux suppressants containing a low amount of antacid are effective in suppressing acid reflux and that suspension and tablet forms are able to give equivalent acid suppression.
Immunostimulatory activity of murine keratinocyte‐derived exosomes (2013)

It has long been known that keratinocytes influence cutaneous immunity through secretion of soluble factors. Exosomes, small membrane vesicles of endocytotic origin, have been implicated in intercellular communication processes such as the transfer of tumor cell antigens and the activation of recipient dendritic cells (DC). However, little is known about immunomodulatory functions of keratinocyte-derived exosomes. To address this question, we analysed exosome secretion of the murine keratinocyte cell line MPEK under steady state as well as inflammatory conditions (+/- IFNγ). These exosomes were readily taken up by bone marrow-derived DC (BMDC) in vitro resulting in a matured phenotype, as evidenced by increased CD40 expression as well as by the production of large amounts of IL-6, IL-10 and IL-12. When the transfer of antigen-specific information through exosomes was investigated, it was found that keratinocytes took up antigen (ovalbumin) and transferred it to their exosomes. However, these antigen-harbouring exosomes failed to induce antigen-specific T cell responses via BMDC. Together, this novel biological function suggests that keratinocytes are able to direct unspecific immune processes but do not elicit specific immune responses.
Understanding (the lack of) homolytic substitution chemistry of sulfones (2012)

High level calculations suggest that homolytic substitution (S(H)2) by alkyl radicals at sulfur proceeds through a mechanism that is assisted and dominated by LP → SOMO interactions; in the absence of these interactions, S(H)2 chemistry at sulfur is predicted to be virtually impossible. G3(MP2)-RAD calculations suggest that cyclization of the tert-butylsulfonylbutyl radical 2 (n = 2) proceeds with a rate constant of 1.7 × 10(-24) s(-1) at 80°, some 28 orders of magnitude slower than its sulfide cousin (n = 0).
Histo-blood group A/B versus H status of human carcinoma cells as correlated with haptotactic cell motility: approach with A and B gene transfection. (1997)

In a search for the molecular basis of ABH status of tumors as correlated with malignancy, we studied various malignancy-related phenotypes of high H/Le(y)-expressing tumor cell lines in comparison with phenotypes of the same lines transfected with histo-blood group A or B genes. A and B gene transfectants, prepared independently from different H-active parental cells, showed A or B activity and abolition of H activity. All A and B gene transfectants, regardless of source, were characterized by significantly reduced Matrigel-dependent haptotactic motility. The level of haptotaxis of all transfectants was similar to that of parental cells in the presence of antibodies against human integrin subunits alpha3, alpha6, or beta1. These subunits showed high expression of A or B epitope in the A and B gene transfectants. Enhancement versus reduction of malignancy, associated with deletion versus induction of A/B epitopes, may be due in part to enhanced haptotaxis sustained by alpha3, alpha6, and beta1 integrin receptors, the activities of which are regulated by H or A/B glycosylation. These phenotypic changes provide a rationale for the deletion of A and B epitopes as one criterion defining human tumor malignancy.
Demystifying Parallel and Distributed Deep Learning: An In-Depth Concurrency Analysis (2018)

Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) are becoming an important tool in modern computing applications. Accelerating their training is a major challenge and techniques range from distributed algorithms to low-level circuit design. In this survey, we describe the problem from a theoretical perspective, followed by approaches for its parallelization. We present trends in DNN architectures and the resulting implications on parallelization strategies. We then review and model the different types of concurrency in DNNs: from the single operator, through parallelism in network inference and training, to distributed deep learning. We discuss asynchronous stochastic optimization, distributed system architectures, communication schemes, and neural architecture search. Based on those approaches, we extrapolate potential directions for parallelism in deep learning.
Synthesis of Highly Monodispersed Core/Shell Mesoporous Silica Spheres (2006)

Particle size development of monodispersed mesoporous silica spheres (MMSS) was investigated by laser scattering measurement, TEM and XRD in situ. Smaller particles suddenly appeared after the commencement of the experiment, then growing homogeneously to larger particles. It is assumed that residual silica precursors in solution preferentially reacted with existing particle surface silanol, preventing generation of new particles. This leads to the formation of monodispersed particles. Based on the mechanism, monodispersed mesoporous silica spheres with core/shell structure have been newly synthesized.
Nonlinear Biot waves in granular media (2010)

The nonlinear propagation through unconsolidated model granular media is investigated in the frame of the Biot-Allard theory extended to the case of a nonlinear quadratic behavior of the solid frame (the elastic beads and their contacts). We evaluate the importance of mode coupling between solid and fluid waves, depending on the actual fluid and the bead diameter. The application of these results to other media supporting Biot’s waves (trabecular bones, porous ceramics, polymer foams...) is straightforward, provided the parameters of the Biot-Allard model are available for these media.