gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Chemoselective Salisbury Screen Absorbers for passive standoff detection of analytes (2008)

In this paper we present a chemoselective chaff element for the passive detection of chemical agents. Each chaff element is implemented as a salisbury screen absorber (SSA). The resistive layer of the absorber consists of a conductive polymer that changes conductivity in the presence of an analyte. When the targeted analyte is present, the conductive polymer transitions from a state of low resistivity to approximately the impedance of free space. This change in resistivity causes the chaff element to transition from a state of high reflectivity to an absorbing state.
ChemInform Abstract: PHOSPHORUS PENTOXIDE IN ORGANIC SYNTHESIS. V. PHOSPHORUS PENTOXIDE AND AMINE HYDROCHLORIDES AS REAGENTS IN THE SYNTHESIS OF 1,5‐DIHYDRO‐1‐METHYL‐4H‐PYRAZOLO(3,4‐D)PYRIMIDIN‐4‐ONES (1983)

Abstract Unter den gegebenen Reaktionsbedingungen entstehen aus den Pyrazolen (I) und den Aminen (II) die Pyrazolopyrimidine (III) in überwiegend geringerer Ausbeute.
The effect of magnetic nanoparticles on the morphology, ferroelectric, and magnetoelectric behaviors of CFO/P(VDF-TrFE) 0–3 nanocomposites (2009)

Multiferroic nanocomposite films composed of P(VDF-TrFE) copolymer and CoFe2O4 (CFO) nanoparticles have been prepared by a modified polymeric processing. Structural characterizations reveal that CFO nanoparticles with 80–100 nm diameters are well distributed in the P(VDF-TrFE) matrix. The crystalline and microstructure of P(VDF-TrFE) are strongly dependent on the volume fraction of CFO nanoparticles, which are further analyzed by Raman spectra. Consequently, the ferroelectric and magnetoelectric responses are strongly influenced by the concentration of CFO nanoparticles. A significant magnetoelectric coupling effect of around 40 mV/cm Oe is obtained from the nanocomposites. A relatively simple model has been adopted to calculate the magnetoelectric coefficient, which is also in agreement with the experimental results.
Needle-free jet injection using real-time controlled linear Lorentz-force actuators (2012)

Needle-free drug delivery by jet injection is achieved by ejecting a liquid drug through a narrow orifice at high pressure, thereby creating a fine high-speed fluid jet that can readily penetrate skin and tissue. Until very recently, all jet injectors utilized force- and pressure-generating principles that progress injection in an uncontrolled manner with limited ability to regulate delivery volume and injection depth. In order to address these shortcomings, we have developed a controllable jet injection device, based on a custom high-stroke linear Lorentz-force motor that is feed-back controlled during the time-course of an injection. Using this device, we are able to monitor and modulate continuously the speed of the drug jet, and regulate precisely the volume of drug delivered during the injection process. We demonstrate our ability to control injection depth (up to 16mm) and repeatably and precisely inject volumes of up to 250μL into transparent gels and post-mortem animal tissue.
Selected Transesophageal Echocardiographic Parameters of Left Ventricular Diastolic Function Predict Length of Stay Following Coronary Artery Bypass Graft—A Prospective Observational Study (2022)

(1) Importance: Abnormal left ventricular (LV) diastolic function, with or without a diagnosis of heart failure, is a common finding that can be easily diagnosed by intra-operative transesophageal echocardiography (TEE). The association of diastolic function with duration of hospital stay after coronary artery bypass (CAB) is unknown. (2) Objective: To determine if selected TEE parameters of diastolic dysfunction are associated with length of hospital stay after coronary artery bypass surgery (CAB). (3) Design: Prospective observational study. (4) Setting: A single tertiary academic medical center. (5) Participants: Patients with normal systolic function undergoing isolated CAB from September 2017 through June 2018. (6) Exposures: LV function during diastole, as assessed by intra-operative TEE prior to coronary revascularization. (7) Main Outcomes and Measures: The primary outcome was duration of postoperative hospital stay. Secondary intermediate outcomes included common postoperative cardiac, respiratory, and renal complications. (8) Results: The study included 176 participants (mean age 65.2 ± 9.2 years, 73% male); 105 (60.2%) had LV diastolic dysfunction based on selected TEE parameters. Median time to hospital discharge was significantly longer for subjects with selected parameters of diastolic dysfunction (9.1/IQR 6.6−13.5 days) than those with normal LV diastolic function (6.5/IAR 5.3−9.7 days) (p < 0.001). The probability of hospital discharge was 34% lower (HR 0.66/95% CI 0.47−0.93) for subjects with diastolic dysfunction based on selected TEE parameters, independent of potential confounders, including a baseline diagnosis of heart failure. There was a dose−response relation between severity of diastolic dysfunction and probability of discharge. LV diastolic dysfunction based on those selected TEE parameters was also associated with postoperative cardio-respiratory complications; however, these complications did not fully account for the relation between LV diastolic dysfunction and prolonged length of hospital stay. (9) Conclusions and Relevance: In patients with normal systolic function undergoing CAB, diastolic dysfunction based on selected TEE parameters is associated with prolonged duration of postoperative hospital stay. This association cannot be explained by baseline comorbidities or common post-operative complications. The diagnosis of diastolic dysfunction can be made by TEE.
Perceptual Correlates of Massive Cortical Reorganization (1992)

Pons et al. (1) found cortical maps to be capable of an unexpectedly large degree of reorganization. After long-‐term (12years) deafferentation of one limb in adult primates, the cortical area of the brain corresponding to the limb became responsive to stimuli applied to the lower face region. This finding extended the previously recognized maximum area of cortical reorganization in adult primates from a mediolateral distance of 1 to 2mm to about 10 to 14mm. Because cells that originally received information from the arm can later receive information from the face, we wondered whether stimuli applied to the face would be mislocalized to the arm. To explore this, we have studied (2,3) localization of touch sensations in two human patients after amputation of one upper limb, and in another patient after amputation of one digit. We applied light touch or deep pressure to different points on the normal body surface. Stimulation of points even remote from the amputation line evoked precisely localized referred sensations in the phantom limb. We could plot &amp;quot;reference fields, &amp;quot; small regions of skin surface that evoked referred sensations in
Early Time‐Restricted Feeding Reduces Appetite and Increases Fat Oxidation But Does Not Affect Energy Expenditure in Humans (2019)

Meal-timing interventions facilitate weight loss primarily by decreasing appetite rather than by increasing energy expenditure. eTRF may also increase fat loss by increasing fat oxidation.
The Discrete Infinite Logistic Normal Distribution for Mixed-Membership Modeling (2011)

Abstract. We present the discrete infinite logistic normal distribution (DILN), a Bayesian nonparametric prior for mixed membership models. DILN generalizes the hierarchical Dirichlet process (HDP) to model correlation structure between the weights of the atoms at the group level. We derive a representation of DILN as a normalized collection of gamma-distributed random variables and study its statistical properties. We derive a variational inference algorithm for approximate posterior inference. We apply DILN to topic modeling of documents and study its empirical performance on four corpora, comparing performance with the HDP and the correlated topic model (CTM). To compute with large-scale data, we develop a stochastic variational inference algorithm for DILN and compare with similar algorithms for HDP and latent Dirichlet allocation (LDA) on a collection of 350, 000 articles from Nature.
Civil defence in biological warfare. (1954)

In this paper, a new short-hot-wire method for measuring thermal coductivity of a fine fiber is proposed. This method is based on the theoretical solution of one dimensional steady heat conduction along the hot-wire and fiber. The hot-wire generates an uniform heat flux by supplying constant electric current, and both ends of wire are maintained initial temperature. Fiber is attached to the center area of hot-wire. By using short-hot-wire technique, the fiber temperature at the attached point and heat rate to the fiber can be accurately obtained when the average temperature and heat rate of the hot wire are measured. Therefore, the thermal coductivity of fiber can be easily estimated. According to the theoretical analysis, this method can obtain thermal coductivity in the range up to 1000 W/mK within an error of ±1% for the fiber of 10～30μm in diameter.
Isolation and Characterization of Psychrotrophic and Halotolerant Rhodococcus sp. YHLT-2 (2006)

A psychrotrophic bacterium was isolated from oil-contaminated groundwater and identified as Rhodococcus sp. YHLT-2. Growth was observed at the temperature of 4 to 30°C. This strain degraded various petroleum hydrocarbons such as crude oil, diesel oil, and gasoline over the whole range of temperatures tested. The Rhodococcus sp. YHLT-2 was capable of growing even at 4°C, exhibiting 90% of oil biodegradation after 20 days. Degradation of crude oil occurred at low temperature in nature. This strain was also able to grow at 7% NaCl, and utilized not only short chain alkenes (C 9 to C 12 ), but also a broad range of long chain alkenes (C 19 to C 32 ) present in crude oil at 4°C. The Rhodococcus sp. YHLT-2 is expected to be of potential use in the in situ bioremediation of hazardous hydrocarbons under low-temperature and high-salt conditions.
The changing pattern of ano-rectal cancer, squamous cell carcinoma of the eye, and Hodgkin’s lymphoma as non-AIDS-defining cancers, by HIV status, in Tanzania over 11 years (2002-2012): a retrospective case-report study (2014)

The frequency and proportions of these three NADCs in Tanzania have increased over the past 11 years, as has the prevalence of HIV positivity amongst these NADC patients. The current and possibly increasing burden of NADCs in Tanzania and other low- and middle-income countries with high HIV rates should be a focus for future cancer prevention and control and HIV therapy programs.
Steroid and Growth Hormone Levels in Premature Infants after Prenatal Betamethasone Therapy to Prevent Respiratory Distress Syndrome (1980)

Ballard, Philip L.; Gluckman, Peter D.; Liggins, Graham C.; Kaplan, Selna L.; Grumbach, Melvin M. Author Information
Cytomegalovirus Ventriculoencephalitis in a Peripheral Blood Stem Cell Transplant Recipient (2006)

Cytomegalovirus encephalitis occurs rarely in transplant recipients. We describe a patient with cytomegalovirus ventriculoencephalitis who had a very high CSF viral load but a low peripheral blood viral load. No resistance mutations were present in cerebrospinal fluid viral DNA, whereas DNA from blood showed a resistance mutation in the UL54 gene but not in the UL97 gene. Viral replication was intense in the brain ependyma and periventricular areas without evidence of peripheral cytomegalovirus disease. The data provide evidence for compartmentalization of cytomegalovirus infection. Levels of ganciclovir and foscarnet in the cerebrospinal fluid may be inadequate for treatment, even for some drug-susceptible strains, and, together with periventricular replication, may explain the disparity between cerebrospinal fluid viral load and peripheral blood viral load.
Compressive holographic video (2017)

Compressed sensing has been discussed separately in spatial and temporal domains. Compressive holography has been introduced as a method that allows 3D tomographic reconstruction at different depths from a single 2D image. Coded exposure is a temporal compressed sensing method for high speed video acquisition. In this work, we combine compressive holography and coded exposure techniques and extend the discussion to 4D reconstruction in space and time from one coded captured image. In our prototype, digital in-line holography was used for imaging macroscopic, fast moving objects. The pixel-wise temporal modulation was implemented by a digital micromirror device. In this paper we demonstrate 10× temporal super resolution with multiple depths recovery from a single image. Two examples are presented for the purpose of recording subtle vibrations and tracking small particles within 5 ms.
Geothermal Energy Market in Southern California Past, Present and Future (1992)

I'm pleased to be here as your keynote speaker from the utility industry. Today is fitting to discuss the role of an alternative/renewable energy resource such as geothermal. Three years ago today, the Exxon Valdez oil tanker spilled 11 million gallons of oil into Prince William Sound, Alaska. This ecological catastrophe was another of those periodic jolts that underscores the importance of lessening our nation's dependence on oil and increasing the use of cost-effective, environmentally benign alternative/renewable energy sources. Alternative/renewables have come a long way since the first oil crisis in 1973. Today, they provide 9 percent of electric power used in the United States. That's nearly double the figure of just two years ago. And since 1985, one-third of a new capacity has come from geothermal, solar, wind and biomass facilities. Nevertheless, geothermal supplies only about three-tenths of a percent of the country's electric power, or roughly 2,800 megawatts (MW). And most of that is in California. In fact, geothermal is California's second-largest source of renewable energy, supplying more than 5 percent of the power generated in the state. Today, I'd like to discuss the outlook for the geothermal industry, framing it within Southern California Edison's experience with geothermal and other alternative/renewable energy sources.
HyperX topology (2019)

The de-facto standard topology for modern HPC systems and data-centers are Folded Clos networks, commonly known as Fat-Trees. The number of network endpoints in these systems is steadily increasing. The switch radix increase is not keeping up, forcing an increased path length in these multi-level trees that will limit gains for latency-sensitive applications. Additionally, today's Fat-Trees force the extensive use of active optical cables which carries a prohibitive cost-structure at scale. To tackle these issues, researchers proposed various low-diameter topologies, such as Dragonfly. Another novel, but only theoretically studied, option is the HyperX. We built the world's first 3 Pflop/s supercomputer with two separate networks, a 3--level Fat-Tree and a 12×8 HyperX. This dual-plane system allows us to perform a side-by-side comparison using a broad set of benchmarks. We show that the HyperX, together with our novel communication pattern-aware routing, can challenge the performance of, or even outperform, traditional Fat-Trees.
Reducing inter-element acoustic crosstalk in capacitive micromachined ultrasound transducers (2007)

The inter-element acoustic crosstalk problem in capacitive micromachined ultrasound transducer (CMUT) arrays is discussed in this paper. A transfer function matrix approach was used to derive modified transmit waveforms on adjacent elements to reduce the apparent acoustic crosstalk. The significance of this is that this technique relies on programmable waveforms, so that it yields a reduced crosstalk effect with no additional fabrication complexity if the requisite programmable waveform transmit circuits are available. The crosstalk reduction achieved by this method also was examined in combination with conventional (physical separation-based) crosstalk reduction approaches. A CMUT transducer array structure was simulated in a two-dimensional (2-D) model using finite element analysis (FEA), and the crosstalk reduction method was tested for both small and large alternating current (AC) (ultrasonic) excitation conditions. A 25 dB crosstalk reduction was achieved for small AC excitation conditions in which approximately linear operation is encountered. When the AC excitation amplitude was large compared to the direct current (DC) bias, an "iterative harmonic cancellation" approach (also based on programmable waveform techniques) could be applied in combination with the crosstalk reduction method to minimize the inherently transmitted harmonics, and a similar crosstalk reduction effect of 25.5 dB was achieved. This method also can be combined with other structure-modification based crosstalk reduction approaches.
Synthesis of (E)- and (Z)-pulvinones (1985)

Two new routes to pulvinones have been developed, one of which involves a novel Wittig reaction. For the first time, members of the E-series, including the parent (E)-pulvinone, are reported and the structural elucidation of the geometric isomers is described. A method for quantitatively converting (E)-pulvinones into (Z)-pulvinones is presented, together with a technique for differentiating between the isomers.
Estimate of the annual economic impact of treatment of cranial cruciate ligament injury in dogs in the United States (2005)

RCCL is a prevalent, costly injury. Results may motivate veterinary and consumer agencies to prioritize funding for a better understanding of the injury.
Reliability and Efficiency of a DNA-Based Computation (1998)

DNA-based computing uses the tendency of nucleotide bases to bind (hybridize) in preferred combinations to do computation. Depending on reaction conditions, oligonucleotides can bind despite noncomplementary base pairs. These mismatched hybridizations are a source of false positives and negatives, which limit the efficiency and scalability of DNA-based computing. The ability of specific base sequences to support error-tolerant Adleman-style computation is analyzed, and criteria are proposed to increase reliability and efficiency. A method is given to calculate reaction conditions from estimates of DNA melting.
Characteristics of vertical electric field deduced by newly developed DC resistivity system with vertical electrode array around hydrothermal deposit area (2021)

海底熱水鉱床のような海底地形の起伏が激しい地域において海底下浅部の比抵抗構造を簡便に把握するために，鉛直方向に電極を配置した電気探査装置の開発を行った。本装置の鉛直電極アレイを用いることで鉛直電場の計測による自然電位探査を行うことができる。鉱体の直上において鉛直電場の異常は自然電位の異常と同位相となるため，鉛直電場は海底熱水鉱床と関連する負の自然電位異常域を捉えやすいと考えられる。実海域での観測として，中部沖縄トラフに位置する伊是名海穴の熱水鉱床域で過去に取得された自然電位観測測線上で実施した例を紹介する。観測では複数の鉛直電場の異常域を検出することができた。これらの異常域の空間分布は，これまでの観測で得られている異常域の分布と極めて良い一致を示す。鉛直電極アレイに沿った海底からの距離が異なる6つの電極組み合わせで得られた電場を比較したところ，海底に近い組み合わせほど負の異常の振幅が大きく短波長の空間変動に富み，海底から離れた組み合わせほど振幅が小さく短波長の空間変動が減衰する傾向がみられた。鉛直電場の直接計測は，複雑なデータ処理を必要とせず，鉱体に伴う異常域の検出を簡便に行える方法である。
Dynamische Optimierung von mobilen CO2-Klimaanlagen mit innovativen Komponenten (2009)

Die vorliegende Arbeit beschäftigt sich mit der Simulations- und Optimierungstechnik von umweltfreundlichen Kältekreislaufkomponenten für die mobile Anwendung. Neben der Modellerstellung und Simulation für die Untersuchung der Komponenten ist eine dynamische Optimierung der Komponenten von Interesse. Die Komponentenmodelle sind in der objektorientierten gleichungsbasierten Modellierungssprache Modelica geschrieben. Die Optimierungzpotentiale eines Speicherverdampfers und eines steuerbaren Niederdrucksammlers für CO2-Kältekreisläufe werden identifziert. Ein hohes Optimierungspotential kann im Klimatisierungssystem mit Speicherverdampfer in der rationalen Steuerung des Innenraumgebläses identifiziert werden. Bei dem steuerbaren Niederdrucksammler konnte eine tendenzielle Maximierung der Systemleistungsziffer durch die Erhöhung des Abscheide-Wirkungsgrads identifiziert werden. Es wird gezeigt, dass die Erhöhung des Abscheide-Wirkungsgrads mit einer gleichzeitigen Erhöhung der Kältemitteltemperatur am Verdichteraustritt verbunden ist. Dieser Nebeneffekt wird bei der Formulierung des dynamischen Optimierungsproblems behandelt. Bei der Modellerstellung der Komponenten werden Betriebspunkt-Diagramme eingeführt. Für den Speicherverdampfer werden dynamische Effekte während des Trocknungsvorgangs identifiziert. Das dynamische steuerbare Niederdrucksammlermodell wird anhand eines Betriebspunkt-Diagramms beschrieben, das den Zusammenhang zwischen Füllstand und Austrittsenthalpie wiedergibt. Diese Ansätze verkürzen die Rechenzeit, ohne die Modellgenauigkeit massiv zu beeinflussen. Die Optimierungsbibliothek wird in zwei Applikationen erfolgreich eingesetzt. Beim ersten Einsatz werden die Gebläsedrehzahl und die Frischluftklappe des Innenraumgebläse-Speicherverdampfer-Systems auf die Behaglichkeitsbedingungen in der Fahrgastzelle optimal gesteuert. Beim zweiten Einsatz wird der Abscheide-Wirkungsgrad des steuerbaren Niederdrucksammlers auf die Systemleistungsziffer und Verdichtungsendtemperatur optimal bestimmt.
Flexible, highly scalable, object-based wavelet image compression algorithm for network applications (2004)

The authors propose a highly scalable image compression scheme based on the set partitioning in hierarchical trees (SPIHT) algorithm. The proposed algorithm, called highly scalable SPIHT (HS-SPIHT), adds the spatial scalability feature to the SPIHT algorithm through the introduction of multiple resolution-dependent lists and a resolution-dependent sorting pass. It keeps the important features of the original SPIHT algorithm such as compression efficiency, full SNR scalability and low complexity. The flexible bitstream of the HS-SPIHT encoder can easily be adapted to various resolution requirements at any bit rate. The parsing process can be carried out on-the-fly without decoding the bitstream by a simple parser (transcoder) that forms a part of a smart network. The HS-SPIHT algorithm is further developed for fully scalable coding of arbitrarily shaped visual objects. The proposed highly scalable algorithm finds applications in progressive web browsing, visual databases and especially in image transmission over heterogeneous networks.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF SUBSTITUTED 2‐HYDROXY‐2‐PHOSPHONYLETHANALS AND 1,2‐DIHYDROXY‐1,2‐BISPHOSPHONYLETHANES (1983)

Abstract Aus Glyoxal (I) und den Phosphorigsäurediestern (II) entstehen die 1:1‐Addukte (III) bzw. die 2:1‐Addukte (IV).
Ultrasensitive Chemical Detection Using a Nanocoax Sensor (2012)

We report on the design, fabrication, and performance of a nanoporous, coaxial array capacitive detector for highly sensitive chemical detection. Composed of an array of vertically aligned nanoscale coaxial electrodes constructed with porous dielectric coax annuli around carbon nanotube cores, this sensor is shown to achieve parts per billion level detection sensitivity, at room temperature, to a broad class of organic molecules. The nanoscale, 3D architecture and microscale array pitch of the sensor enable rapid access of target molecules and chip-based multiplexing capabilities, respectively.