gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
SpaText: Spatio-Textual Representation for Controllable Image Generation (2022)

Recent text-to-image diffusion models are able to generate convincing results of unprecedented quality. However, it is nearly impossible to control the shapes of different regions/objects or their layout in a fine-grained fashion. Previous attempts to provide such controls were hindered by their reliance on a fixed set of labels. To this end, we present SpaText - a new method for text-to-image generation using open-vocabulary scene control. In addition to a global text prompt that describes the entire scene, the user provides a segmentation map where each region of interest is annotated by a free-form natural language description. Due to lack of large-scale datasets that have a detailed textual description for each region in the image, we choose to leverage the current large-scale text-to-image datasets and base our approach on a novel CLIP-based spatio-textual representation, and show its effectiveness on two state-of-the-art diffusion models: pixel-based and latent-based. In addition, we show how to extend the classifier-free guidance method in diffusion models to the multi-conditional case and present an alternative accelerated inference algorithm. Finally, we offer several automatic evaluation metrics and use them, in addition to FID scores and a user study, to evaluate our method and show that it achieves state-of-the-art results on image generation with free-form textual scene control.
Compiling Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithms for probabilistic modeling (2017)

The problem of probabilistic modeling and inference, at a high-level, can be viewed as constructing a (model, query, inference) tuple, where an inference algorithm implements a query on a model. Notably, the derivation of inference algorithms can be a difficult and error-prone task. Hence, researchers have explored how ideas from probabilistic programming can be applied. In the context of constructing these tuples, probabilistic programming can be seen as taking a language-based approach to probabilistic modeling and inference. For instance, by using (1) appropriate languages for expressing models and queries and (2) devising inference techniques that operate on encodings of models (and queries) as program expressions, the task of inference can be automated.
Parental Leave and Life Satisfaction: The Dutch case (2019)

There is extensive literature on ambiguous effects of having children on life satisfaction. Although parenthood can provide a meaning of life, parenting may increase the amount of obligations and decrease leisure time, which in turn reduce life satisfaction. In the Netherlands, parental leave is a part-time work arrangement which allows parents with young children to reconcile better work and family commitments. Using data from the Dutch Longitudinal Internet Studies for the Social Sciences (LISS), we analyzed the impact of taking parental leave on the life satisfaction of parents with young children. We found that the legal framework of Dutch parental leave offering job protected leave and fiscal benefits is crucial to enhance parents’ life satisfaction. Further, we estimated that short parental leave schemes are more conducive to life satisfaction than long parental leave schemes.
Optical Response of the Centric Valve in Cyclotella Quillensis Diatoms (2020)

The optical behaviour of frustules in the centric phytoplankton species Cyclotella Quillensis was investigated using SEM, AFM and SNOM techniques. Our results revealed a photonic crystal lattice that was analysed by photonic band structure simulations.
40-W cw, TEM_00-mode, diode-laser-pumped, Nd:YAG miniature-slab laser (1995)

We have built a diode-laser-pumped Nd:YAG slab laser that emits 40 W of cw power in a TEM(00) mode and 72 W of power in multimode operation when pumped with 235 W. The slope efficiencies are 22% for TEM(00)-mode operation and 36% for multimode operation. The laser uses a zigzag slab geometry to reduce thermally induced distortions and operates at less than one wave of distortion at the full pump power. A significant advantage of our design over those of previous slab lasers is a new Teflon AF protective coating on the slab total-internal-reflection surfaces, which greatly simplifies the mounting and cooling of the slab laser medium.
Optimization of a Protease Activated Probe for Optical Surgical Navigation (2017)

Molecularly targeted optical contrast agents have the potential to enable surgeons to visualize specific molecular markers that can help improve surgical precision and thus outcomes. Fluorescently quenched substrates can be used to highlight tumor lesions by targeting proteases that are highly abundant in the tumor microenvironment. However, the majority of these and other molecularly targeted optical contrast agents are labeled with reporter dyes that are not ideally matched to the properties of clinical camera systems, which are typically optimized for detection of indocyanine-green (ICG). While a wide range of near-infrared (NIR) dyes are suitable for use with highly sensitive and highly tunable research-focused small animal imaging systems, most have not been evaluated for use with commonly used clinical imaging systems. Here we report the optimization of a small molecule fluorescently quenched protease substrate probe 6QC-ICG, which uses the indocyanine green (ICG) dye as its optical reporter. We evaluated dosing and kinetic parameters of this molecule in tumor-bearing mice and observed optimal tumor over background signals in as little as 90 min with a dose of 2.3 mg/kg. Importantly, the fluorescence intensity of the probe signal in tumors did not linearly scale with dose, suggesting the importance of detailed dosing studies. Furthermore, when imaged using the FDA approved da Vinci Si surgical system with Firefly detection, signals were significantly higher for the ICG probe compared to a corresponding probe containing a dye with similar quantum yield but with a slightly shifted excitation and emission profile. The increased signal intensity generated by the optimal dye and dose of the ICG labeled probe enabled detection of small, flat lesions that were less than 5 mm in diameter. Therefore, 6QC-ICG is a highly sensitive probe that performs optimally with clinical imaging systems and has great potential for applications in optical surgical navigation.
Smart filters: from VIS/NIR to MW/LWIR protection (2014)

New development of imaging systems implies the use of multi band wavelength, VIS and IR, for imaging enhancement and more data presenting. Some of those systems, such as &lt;see spot&lt;, are designed for applications requiring in plus, the ability to see the aiming point of a laser designator. The use of a designating laser to assist in target identification and tracking can unintentionally result in a laser beam reflected back into the sensor, leading to transient dazzling or permanent damage of the sensor. We propose a novel passive Wideband Protection Filter (WPF) that blocks the transmission only if the power exceeds a certain threshold. We present a special design of WPF suitable for dual- and multi- band wavelength range, including transmission and functionality performances. We demonstrate a new design transferring our WPF filter from VIS/NIR into the MW/LWIR.
Treatment Chronicle: a Tool for Assessing Health Service Utilization among Insured Individuals (2019)

Background: Assessment of the health services utilization among the insured individuals is difficult for insurance companies because they have no integrated information. So, the aim of this study was to introduce a tool to facilitate this issue named "Treatment Chronicle". Method: This descriptive and applied study was conducted in 2017. To investigate the health services utilization among the insured people and considering the information fragmentation in medical document system of Iran Health Insurance organization (IHIO), Treatment Chronicle was designed. Then, information was collected from medical document system of IHIO about patients' reference to physicians and paraclinics in various specialized levels in an 8-month period from the beginning of 2017. In this regard, 175 insured patients who used the health services very frequently were randomly selected and the Treatment Chronicle was drawn for them. Finally, some criteria were suggested for identifying the causes of over utilizing health services and a specific kind of service. Results: Data in the IHIO were categorized according to patients' referral to physician, drug store, laboratory, and imaging center and were accessible in the form of tables and charts by entering the individual's national code number in the medical document system of IHIO. However, some problems existed for reviewing the health care utilization due to information fragmentation and lack of up-to-date information. Treatment Chronicle tool showed the referring information of each insured individual in a certain time period. It also represented the sequence, diversity, and combination of individuals' reference to physicians and utilization of paraclinical services. Conclusion: Treatment Chronicle is a useful tool for insurance organizations to monitor individuals' health services seeking behavior. It can facilitate the interpretation and analysis of the healthcare use by illustrating the sequence and combination service utilization.
Three amino acid substitutions in domain I of calmodulin prevent the activation of chicken smooth muscle myosin light chain kinase. (1991)

TaM-BMI is a genetically engineered chimeric protein consisting of the first 55 amino acids of cardiac troponin C (but with the normally inactive first Ca2+ binding domain reactivated by site- directed mutagenesis) ligated to the last three domains of chicken calmodulin (George, S.E., VanBerkum, M.F., Ono, T., Cook, R., Hanley, R.M., Putkey, J.A., and Means, A. R. (1990) J. Biol. Chem. 265, 9228-9235). This protein binds chicken smooth muscle myosin light chain kinase (smMLCK) but fails to activate the enzyme, thus functioning as a potent competitive inhibitor (Ki = 66 nM). We have created 29 mutants of calmodulin designed to identify the minimal number of alterations which must be introduced in the first domain to convert the protein to a competitive inhibitor of smMLCK. Alterations of three amino acids predicted to lie on the external surface of calmodulin (E14A, T34K, S38M) recapitulated the phenotype of TaM-BMI and exhibited a Ki of 38 nM. Both the triple mutant and TaM-BMI activated phosphodiesterase and bound a synthetic peptide analog of the calmodulin binding region of smMLCK with an affinity similar to that of native calmodulin (Kact and Kd values of approximately 2 and 3 nM respectively). When a synthetic peptide analog of the myosin light chain phosphorylation site was used as substrate rather than the 20-kDa light chains, TaM-BMI and the triple mutant were partial agonists: the Km for peptide substrate was increased 100- and 60-fold, and catalytic activity was 45 and 60%, respectively, relative to calmodulin. These data suggest TaM-BMI and E14A/T34K/S38M may interact with the calmodulin binding domain of smMLCK in a manner similar to calmodulin. However, alterations in electrostatic and hydrophobic interactions created by the three amino acid substitutions prevent the conformational change in the enzyme usually produced by calmodulin binding. Lack of such changes results in loss of catalytic activity and light chain binding. Additionally, our results show that altering only 3 amino acids residues converts calmodulin to an enzyme-selective antagonist, thus demonstrating the ability to separate calmodulin binding to smMLCK from calmodulin-induced activation of the enzyme.
Craniotomy Burr Hole Covers: A Comparative Study of Biomechanical, Radiological, and Aesthetic Outcomes Using 3 Different Plug Materials (2022)

Burr holes in the cranial vault are usually made during trephination for craniotomy or drainage of chronic subdural hematomas. The resulting cranial defect might bring to unsatisfactory esthetic outcome. In the current study the authors report clinical data regarding a cohort of patients who were treated with 3 different types of burr hole covers; autologous bone dust from skull trephination, and 2 different types of cylindric plug made out of porous hydroxyapatite in order to evaluate medium and long-term esthetic and radiological outcomes. Twenty patients were consecutively enrolled in the study and in each patient all 3 types of materials were used to cover different holes. Clinical and radiological outcomes at 6 and 12 months, were analyzed for all 3 types of plugs in terms of thickness of the graft coaptation of margins, remodeling, fractures, mobilization, and contour irregularities. In all craniotomy holes filled with autologous bone dust the authors have observed partial or complete bone reabsorption at 1 year and in 60% of the cases a visible and palpable cranial vault contour irregularity was reported. Both types of bone substitutes gave satisfactory results, comparable to autologous bone dust at 6 months and superior at 12 months, especially in terms of thickness and esthetic appearance. Hydroxyapatite plugs have shown better esthetic and biomechanical results and higher patients' satisfaction compared to autologous bone dust while not giving any additional complications.
Malignant Melanoma in West Virginia (1981)

In West Virginia from 1959 to 1975 there were 279 deaths caused by malignant melanoma. From 1959 to 1967 there were 8.4 such deaths per year and from 1968 to 1975, 25.4 per year (2P < .0005). This trend was observed throughout the state. The population-adjusted melanoma mortality of 1.45 per 100,000 from 1968 to 1975 contrasts with a rate of only 0.48 per 100,000 during the earlier period from 1959 to 1967. The rate of increase was greater in the southern portion of the state. The highest melanoma mortality was seen in the state's major agricultural area, while the lowest rate was seen in its most densely populated urban region. In our community, 102 new melanoma cases were diagnosed from 1969 to 1978. From 1969 to 1973, there were 33 new cases, 6.6 per year, and from 1974 to 1978, 13.8 per year (2P < .01). Men tended to be older at the time of diagnosis. The most common locations of the primary tumors were the lower extremity in women and the trunk and head and neck in men.
An international collaboratory based on virtual patient records (1997)

article Free Access Share on An international collaboratory based on virtual patient records Authors: David G. Kilman Los Alamos National Lab., Los Alamos, N.M. Los Alamos National Lab., Los Alamos, N.M.View Profile , David W. Forslund Los Alamos National Lab., Los Alamos, N.M. Los Alamos National Lab., Los Alamos, N.M.View Profile Authors Info & Claims Communications of the ACMVolume 40Issue 8Aug. 1997 pp 110–117https://doi.org/10.1145/257874.257898Published:01 August 1997Publication History 54citation1,355DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations54Total Downloads1,355Last 12 Months30Last 6 weeks5 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my Alerts New Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteeReaderPDF
Novel Understanding of Trichoderma Interaction Mechanisms (2004)

Trichoderma- based biofungicides are a reality in commercial agriculture, with more than 50 formulations registered worldwide as biopesticides or biofertilizers. Several research strategies have been applied to identify the main genes and compounds involved in the complex, three-way interactions between fungal antagonists, plants and microbial pathogens. Proteome and genome analyses have greatly enhanced our ability to conduct targeted and genome-based functional studies. We have obtained reproducible 2-D maps of the entire fungal proteome in various conditions of interaction, which permitted the isolation of many proteins related to specific functions. Many differential proteins from several biocontrol strains of Trichoderma spp. during the in vivo interaction with different plants and/or several phytopathogenic fungi have been isolated and analyzed by MALDI-TOF. Relevant genes have been cloned and specifically inactivated, to demonstrate their function in biocontrol and induction of disease resistance. GFP-based reporter systems with interaction-inducible promoters allowed the characterization of regulatory sequences activated by the presence of the pathogen or the plant. From extensive cDNA and EST libraries of genes expressed during Trichoderma-pathogen-plant interactions, we are identified and determined the role of a variety of novel genes and gene-products, including ABC transporters specifically induced during antagonism with other microbes; enzymes and other proteins that produce or act as novel elicitors of Induced Resistance in plant and promote root growth and crop yield; proteins possibly responsible of a gene-for-gene avirulent interaction between Trichoderma and plants; mycoparasitism-related inducers released from fungal pathogens and that activate biocontrol in Trichoderma; fungal promoters specifically induced during mycoparasitism and plant colonization; plant proteins and a novel phytoalexin induced by the presence of the fungal antagonist; etc. We have also transgenically demonstrated the ability of Trichoderma to transfer heterologous proteins into plants during root colonization. Finally we have used GFP and other markers to monitor the interaction in vivo and in situ between Trichoderma and its host (s) (the fungal pathogen and the plant).
ChemInform Abstract: A Biosynthetic Proposal for Ring Formation in the Antitumor Agent Halichomycin. Asymmetric Synthesis of the AB‐Carbon Backbone (I) of Halichomycin. (2002)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Use of Essential Oils of Aromatic Plants as Protectant of Grains During Storage (2007)

peer reviewed
Novel Scoring Functions Comprising QXP, SASA, and Protein Side-Chain Entropy Terms (2004)

Novel scoring functions that predict the affinity of a ligand for its receptor have been developed. They were built with several statistical tools (partial least squares, genetic algorithms, neural networks) and trained on a data set of 100 crystal structures of receptor-ligand complexes, with affinities spanning 10 log units. The new scoring functions contain both descriptors generated by the QXP docking program and new descriptors that were developed in-house. These new descriptors are based on solvent accessible surface areas and account for conformational entropy changes and desolvation effects of both ligand and receptor upon binding. The predictive r(2) values for a test set of 24 complexes are in the 0.712-0.741 range and RMS prediction errors in the 1.09-1.16 log K(d) range. Inclusion of the new descriptors led to significant improvements in affinity prediction, compared to scoring functions based on QXP descriptors alone. However, the QXP descriptors by themselves perform better in binding mode prediction. The performance of the linear models is comparable to that of the neural networks. The new functions perform very well, but they still need to be validated as universal tools for the prediction of binding affinity.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of the Four Stereoisomers of 1‐Azabicyclo(2.2.2)oct‐3‐yl‐. alpha.‐hydroxy‐α‐(4‐phenylboronic acid)‐α‐phenylacetate ( QNB‐Boronic Acid), Including a Preparative HPLC Method to Separate Diastereoisomeric Mixtures with High Optical Purity. (1993)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
G Protein-coupled Receptor-mediated Phosphorylation of the Activation Loop of Protein Kinase D (2004)

Protein kinase D (PKD) is a serine/threonine protein kinase activated by G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) agonists through an incompletely characterized mechanism that includes its reversible plasma membrane translocation and activation loop phosphorylation via a protein kinase C (PKC)-dependent pathway. To gain a better understanding of the mechanism regulating the activation of PKD in response to GPCR stimulation, we investigated the role of its rapid plasma membrane translocation on its activation loop phosphorylation and identified the endogenous PKC isozyme that mediates that event in vivo. We had found that the activation loop of a PKD mutant, with reduced affinity for diacylglycerol and phorbol esters, was only phosphorylated upon its plasma membrane association. We also found that the activation loop phosphorylation and rapid plasma membrane dissociation of PKD were inhibited either by preventing the plasma membrane translocation of PKCepsilon, through abolition of its interaction with receptor for activated C kinase, or by suppressing the expression of PKCepsilon via specific small interfering RNAs. Thus, this study demonstrates that the plasma membrane translocation of PKD, in response to GPCR stimulation, is necessary for the PKCepsilon-mediated phosphorylation of the activation loop of PKD and that this event requires the translocation of both kinases to the plasma membrane. Based on these and previous results, we propose a model of GPCR-mediated PKD regulation that integrates its changes in distribution, catalytic activity, and multisite phosphorylation.
Lichen Xanthones as Models for New Antifungal Agents (2018)

Due to the emergence of multidrug-resistant pathogenic microorganisms, the search for new antimicrobial compounds plays an important role in current medicinal chemistry research. Inspired by lichen antimicrobial xanthones, a series of novel chlorinated xanthones was prepared using five chlorination methods (Methods A⁻E) to obtain different patterns of substitution in the xanthone scaffold. All the synthesized compounds were evaluated for their antimicrobial activity. Among them, 3-chloro-4,6-dimethoxy-1-methyl-9<i>H</i>-xanthen-9-one <b>15</b> showed promising antibacterial activity against <i>E. faecalis</i> (ATCC 29212 and 29213) and <i>S. aureus</i> ATCC 29213. 2,7-Dichloro-3,4,6-trimethoxy-1-methyl-9<i>H</i>-xanthen-9-one <b>18</b> revealed a potent fungistatic and fungicidal activity against dermatophytes clinical strains (<i>T. rubrum</i>, <i>M. canis</i>, and <i>E. floccosum</i> (MIC = 4⁻8 µg/mL)). Moreover, when evaluated for its synergistic effect for <i>T. rubrum</i>, compound <b>18</b> exhibited synergy with fluconazole (ΣFIC = 0.289). These results disclosed new hit xanthones for both antibacterial and antifungal activity.