gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Development of New Antimicrobials for Urogenital Gonorrhea Therapy: Clinical Trial Design Considerations (2019)

Gonorrhea remains a major public health challenge, and current recommendations for gonorrhea treatment are threatened by evolving antimicrobial resistance and a diminished pipeline for new antibiotics. Evaluations of potential new treatments for gonorrhea currently make limited use of new understanding of the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic contributors to effective therapy, the prevention of antimicrobial resistance, and newer designs for clinical trials. They are hampered by the requirement to utilize combination ceftriaxone/azithromycin therapy as the comparator regimen in noninferiority trials designed to seek an indication for gonorrhea therapy. Evolving gonococcal epidemiology and clinical trial design constraints hinder the enrollment of those populations at the greatest risk for gonorrhea (adolescents, women, and persons infected with antibiotic-resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae). This article summarizes a recent meeting on the evaluation process for antimicrobials for urogenital gonorrhea treatment and encourages the consideration of new designs for the evaluation of gonorrhea therapy.
Experimental and Numerical Investigation of the Acoustic Response of Multi-slit Bunsen Burners (2008)

Acoustic resonances in combustion systems like central heating boilers prohibit further technological advances in these systems. The design and construction is obstructed by acoustic problems because they are largely misunderstood, in spite of our increase in knowledge over the last decades. The flame often acts as an active element in the acoustic field, because the flame transfer function of acoustic waves has a large amplitude at low frequencies. Current models of the phase of the flame transfer function of Bunsen-type flames, based on kinematic behavior of the flame dynamics, completely miss the experimentally observed phase, unless the measured flow field is used in the model. In the current paper we analyze numerical results of the flame dynamics, flow field and flame transfer function found with a 2D detailed numerical model of the flow and structure of the flame on a multiple-slit burner. The model is validated with experiments of the flame dynamics (using chemiluminescence), flow dynamics (using PIV) and flame transfer function (using OH luminescence for the heat release fluctuations and heated wire probe for the acoustic distortions) on exactly the same configuration. A very good agreement is found which indicates the importance of predicting all the influences of the flow on the flame and vise-versa.
Three-Dimensional Nonlinear Optical Chromophores Based on Through-Space Delocalization (2002)

Six permutations of 4-fold donor and/or acceptor substitution of paracyclophane at the 4, 7, 12, and 15 positions were synthesized to probe the phenomenon of three-dimensional delocalization on the nonlinear optical properties of organic materials. The interplay between through-bond intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) as well as three-dimensional, or through-space, ICT processes gives rise to large quadratic hyperpolarizability values. The determination of dipolar (beta(J)(=1)) and octupolar (beta(J)(=3)) irreducible tensor contributions to the overall beta tensor value is made possible by the polarized harmonic light scattering technique at 1.32 microm. The electric field-induced second-harmonic generation technique was also used at 1.91 microm for comparison. Significant experimental beta values for members of the series made of two centrosymmetric benzene-like units are a clear signature of a purely through-space ICT between two aryl subunits. The two configurational isomers that pair two dipolar donor-acceptor chromophores also exhibit octupolar character. Analysis of these two with an additive model for beta(J)(=1) and beta(J)(=3) reveals a strong three-dimensional inter-ring charge transfer.
A micro mobile mechanism using thermal expansion and its theoretical analysis. A comparison with impact drive mechanism using piezoelectric elements (2002)

Thermal expansion of solid materials can be used as an actuating mechanism for micro machines. It produces as much displacement as piezoelectric elements, but has the problem of response speed for ordinary scale machines. Actuators using thermal expansion have the possibility of fast response if their sizes are small because of their high heat emission ratio. In addition there are the following advantages: simple actuator structure and easy fabrication process; various materials which can be adopted for the actuator; the ability to operate in high temperature and in vacuum; remote control by supplying heat with laser beam or RF electromagnetic wave. This paper introduces a micro motion mechanism driven by thermal expansion and then introduces a theoretical analysis on a motion mechanism using thermal expansion. In addition, a comparison with a piezoelectric element illustrates the characteristics of the actuator. A basic experiment using electric current heating type actuator shows the possibility of the thermal expansion actuator.
Western blot: Technique, theory, and trouble shooting (2012)

Western blotting is an important technique used in cell and molecular biology. By using a western blot, researchers are able to identify specific proteins from a complex mixture of proteins extracted from cells. The technique uses three elements to accomplish this task: (1) separation by size, (2) transfer to a solid support, and (3) marking target protein using a proper primary and secondary antibody to visualize. This paper will attempt to explain the technique and theory behind western blot, and offer some ways to troubleshoot.
Semi-Analytical Model of Mixed Electroosmotic/Pressure Driven Two Immiscible Fluids with Curved Interface (2011)

This study is motivated by the need to develop a semi analytical model for predicting the stratified two-fluid flow with a curved interface in a rectangular microchannel under the combined effect of pressure and electroosmosis. With the non-slip boundary conditions at the wall and the matching condition at the curved interface, the fully developed Navier-Stokes equation and Poisson-Boltzmann equation are solved using separate variable method. Part of parameters in the distributions of velocity and electric potential is calculated using the least-square method. Details of the analytical treatment of the two-fluid flow with curved interface are presented. The results show that the analysis can be employed for concave, convex and planar interface. The validity of the two-fluid model with curved interface is evaluated by comparing its prediction with available numerical data and with the results of exact analytical solutions for laminar flows with planar interface, comparison of the electric potential distribution and velocity distributions shows excellent agreement with data in the literature. Finally, the effects of interface shape on the electric potential distribution, electroosmotic velocity distribution, and flow rates are discussed, the results show that the interface shape influences the two-fluid flow in microchannel significantly. Keywords: Curved interface, microchannel, electroosmotic flow, two - fluid stratified flow, Lab-on-a-chip devices, EDLs, Electric Potential Distributions, Velocity, Pressure Gradient, Electroosmotic Force
Studies on Acetyl-Coenzyme A Synthetase of Yeast: Inhibition by Long-Chain Acyl-Coenzyme A Esters (1973)

Long-chain acyl-coenzyme A (CoA) compounds (palmityl, stearyl, and oleyl) were found to be potent inhibitors of acetyl-CoA synthetase (ACS) of Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain LK2G12 from aerobic, but not from nonaerobic, cells. The effectiveness of the inhibitors of the aerobic enzyme was in the following order: palmityl-CoA < stearyl-CoA < oleyl-CoA. Short-chain acyl-CoA compounds (propionyl, butyryl, and valeryl) and long-chain fatty acids had no effect on ACS from either source. The inhibition by oleyl-CoA was found to be dependent on enzyme concentration, whereas the inhibition by palmityl- and stearyl-CoA was independent of ACS concentration. Inhibition by palmityl-CoA was noncompetitive with respect to both acetate and CoA, and with increasing concentration of inhibitor the pattern was sigmoidal, with a Hill value of 3.24. At maximally inhibitory concentrations of palmityl-CoA, a small amount of enzyme activity remained. This noninhibitable enzyme in aerobic cells was shown not to be of nonaerobic origin.
SO‐CALLED “PAPILLARY and CYSTIC NEOPLASM OF THE PANCREAS” (1987)

A case of so-called "papillary and cystic neoplasm of the pancreas" (PCNP) was reported and investigated immunohistochemically and ultrastructurally. A tumor of the pancreatic head in a 21-year-old female was curatively resected. The tumor was cystic and histologically consisted of uniform cells in papillary and solid structure. Although there was no immunoreactivity for pancreaticogut hormones or secretory products of the pancreas in the tumor cells, most of the tumor cells were diffusely immunoreactive for neuron-specific enolase (NSE). Some neurosecretory granules were detected in the tumor cells ultrastructurally. Both facts suggested endocrine cell character of the tumor. Certain cases of PCNP might show a differentiation to endocrine cells.
Matched Block Detection and Motion Vector Salvage Methods for Fast H.264/AVC Inter Mode Decision (2006)

In H.264 advanced video coding (AVC), variable block size motion estimation plays an important role in the compression of inter frames to increase video quality and coding efficiency. However, the computation for inter prediction is also substantially increased as well. This paper proposes a fast inter mode decision algorithm based on matched block detection and motion vector salvage scheme to help to early terminate the decision process to reduce needless computation. Experimental results shows that the proposed algorithm can save from 10% to 60% computation for inter mode decision with fast motion search without introducing any noticeable performance degradation
Cardiogenic shock due to pheochromocytoma rescued by extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (2011)

This is the case of a 49-year-old female presenting in sustained cardiogenic shock due to an adrenal pheochromocytoma. She was rescued by venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. The presence of a catecholamine-secreting tumor was confirmed by highly elevated plasma metanephrines and catecholamines. Successful open adrenalectomy was performed under protective extracorporeal life support and full anticoagulation early after cardiogenic shock. The patient could be weaned off mechanical support rapidly and made a full cardiopulmonary recovery.
Contactless Raman Spectroscopy-Based Monitoring of Physical States of Silyl-Modified Polymers during Cross-Linking (2016)

Cross-linking of silyl-modified polymers occurs at the alkoxysilane groups attached to the ends of polymer chains by hydrolysis and polycondensation mechanisms in the presence of moisture. During these reactions, three different physical states can be identified (viscous, skin effect and cross-linked state). Knowledge of the evolution of these states at each reaction time is essential to determine the open time for the adhe-sive industry and is generally obtained by a manual method. Automation of this moni-toring could avoid operator error and could be used for very long cross linking reac-tions or to screen a large number of catalysts. Thus, a contactless micro process tech-nology was developed to correlate these physical states with an optical technology, Raman spectroscopy, by monitoring the decrease in intensity of the Si-OCH3 groups during chemical reactions. This online characterization method can also be used to compare the efficiencies of several catalysts for the cross-linking of silyl-modified polymers, using a minimum amount of chemical materials.
Optoceramics and Their Image Processing Applications (1975)

最近, セラミックスでありながら透明で, 大きな電気光学効果を示すPLZTという材料が出現し, オプトセラミックスとも呼ばれて注目されている.PLTZはエレクトロニック光シャッター, 画像の可逆蓄積素子およびフレームメモリー付ディスプレイ素子など電気光学分野の技術課題への可能性を示しており, テレビ技術および画像エレクトロニクス技術などの将来にも新しい方向づけを示唆している.ここでは, このオプトセラミックスPLZTの合成法, 性質, 機能的特徴および主な応用デバイスに関し概説する.
Reduction of Mutual Coupling Between Closely-Packed Antenna Elements (2007)

A simple ground plane structure that can reduce mutual coupling between closely-packed antenna elements is proposed and studied. The structure consists of a slitted pattern, without via's, etched onto a single ground plane and it is therefore low cost and straightforward to fabricate. It is found that isolations of more than -20 dB can be achieved between two parallel individual planar inverted-F antennas (PIFAs) sharing a common ground plane, with inter-antenna spacing (center to center) of 0.116 lambda <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">o</sub> and ground plane size 0.331lambda <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">o</sub> <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> . At 2.31 GHz it is demonstrated that this translates into an edge to edge separation between antennas of just 10 mm. Similarly the structure can be applied to reduce mutual coupling between three or four radiating elements. In addition the mutual coupling between half wavelength patches and monopoles can also be reduced with the aid of the proposed ground plane structure. Results of parametric studies are also given in this paper. Both simulation and measurement results are used to confirm the suppression of mutual coupling between closely-packed antenna elements with our slitted ground plane.
IL-13 regulates the in vivo generation of IL-17 producing T cells (163.15) (2011)

Abstract Several features associated with allergic airways disease are regulated by the Th2 cytokine IL-13. IL-17 is also known to regulate aspects of allergic disease since production of IL-17 is associated with severe asthma and correlates with an increase in airway neutrophilia. The mechanism by which these IL-17 producing cells develop during airways disease is still unclear. To better understand what factors regulate the development of IL-17 producing cells we used an acute model of IL-13-induced airway inflammation in which IL-13 was intranasally administered to anaesthetized mice. As expected, administration of IL-13 induced airway eosinophilia, airway hyperresponsiveness, and mucus production. In addition, IL-13 induced airway neutrophilia as well as increases in expression of neutrophil chemokines. IL-13 also induced increased mRNA expression of IL-17 and IL-6 in the lung. Intracellular cytokine staining of bronchoalveolar lavage cells showed that IL-13 increased the number of IL-17+ve cells when compared to control. These cells did not produce IL-22 or IFN-gamma and were identified as either CD4 or γδ T cells. Animals were then treated with IL-13 in the presence of BrdU to follow development of IL-17 expresing cells in vivo. The majority of these cells incorporated BrdU suggesting that these IL-17+ve cells proliferated in the lung. Further studies to characterize these IL17+ve T cells are under way.
[Characterization of growth and proliferation in a telomerase-immortalized ameloblastoma cell line]. (2009)

The infected AM cells were immortalized after transfection with hTERT and can serve as a genetically defined model for AM study.
Laboratory-selected California red scale parasite is resistant to Sevin (1993)

A Sevin-resistant strain of the California red scale parasite, Aphytis melinus, is cross resistant to several citrus pesticides and is ready for implementation in citrus integrated pest management (IPM) systems.
Carbohydrate metabolism of lactic acid cultures. III. Glycolytic enzymes of Streptococcus lactis and their sensitivity to antibiotics (1969)

Streptococcus lactis UN possessed galactokinase, uridine diphosphate glucose epimerase (galacto-waldenase), hexokinase, aldolase, lactic dehydrogenase, alcohol dehydrogenase, and aldehyde dehydrogenase enzyme systems. The presence of galactokinase, galactowaldenase, and hexokinase indicated that monosaccharides, galactose, and glucose were phosphorylated and converted into glucose-6-phosphate, which then enters the glycolytic cycle. Galactokinase and UDPG epimerase enzymes were found to be adaptive in nature. However, hexokinase, aldolase, and dehydrogenases for lactate, alcohol, and aldehyde were found to be constitutive in nature, as the organism, regardless of the substrate used, always possessed these five enzymes. Both alcohol and aldehyde dehydrogenases were NAD-specific rather than NADP-specific.Penicillin, streptomycin, aureomycin, and terramycin inhibited the activities of these enzyme systems to varying degrees. Also, penicillin and streptomycin inhibited the production of galactokinase and UDPG epimerase by the organism, but had no effect upon the production of hexokinase.
Determination of the Antihypertensive Peptide LHLPLP in Fermented Milk by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry (2006)

Among different lactic acid bacteria isolated from raw milk, 4 Enterococcus faecalis strains have stood out as producers of fermented milk with potent antihypertensive activity. The peptide beta-casein f(133-138), LHLPLP, was identified as one of the major peptides responsible for the activity of these fermented milk products. A simple method was developed to quantify this peptide in fermented milk using high-performance liquid chromatography coupled in line with mass spectrometry. This procedure does not require any previous sample fractionation or extraction, and direct analysis of the water-soluble extract obtained from the fermented milk can be performed. Validation studies showed sufficient specificity, reproducibility, linearity, and recovery, demonstrating that this method can be used for the routine quantification of LHLPLP during the production of fermented milk products. The developed method was readily applied to quantify the peptide LHLPLP under different fermentation conditions and with different aromatized products.
Neuro-fuzzy extraction of angular information from muscle afferents for ankle control during standing in paraplegic subjects: an animal model (2001)

This paper is part of a project whose aim is the implementation of closed-loop control of ankle angular position during functional electrical stimulation (FES) assisted standing in paraplegic subjects using natural sensory information. In this paper, a neural fuzzy (NF) model is implemented to extract angular position information from the electroneurographic signals recorded from muscle afferents using cuff electrodes in an animal model. The NF model, named dynamic nonsingleton fuzzy logic system is a Mamdani-like fuzzy system, implemented in the framework of recurrent neural networks. The fuzzification procedure implemented was the nonsingleton technique which has been shown in previous works to be able to take into account the uncertainty in the data. The proposed algorithm was tested in different situations and was able to predict reasonably well the ankle angular trajectories especially for small excursions (as during standing) and when the stimulation sites are far from the registration sites. This suggests it may be possible to use activity from muscle afferents recorded with cuff electrodes for FES closed-loop control of ankle position during quite standing.
Syndrome realizations of linear codes and systems (2004)

Behavioral realizations of linear codes or systems usually involve observed variables, hidden variables (states), and constraints. We study realizations that also involve syndrome variables, which are hidden variables that must equal zero in any valid trajectory. Syndrome realizations arise naturally in parity-check or transform realizations of codes, and more generally as duals of state realizations. The dual of a syndrome realization has a nice form in which state and syndrome variables trade places. On the other hand, it is shown that syndrome realizations are essentially the same as the restricted state realizations of Forney, G.D., Jr. (see IEEE Trans. Inf. Theory, vol.47, p.520-48, 2001), which, in some respects, appear to be more fundamental.
Clinical validation of an immunohistochemistry‐based CanAssist‐Breast test for distant recurrence prediction in hormone receptor‐positive breast cancer patients (2019)

CanAssist-Breast (CAB) is an immunohistochemistry (IHC)-based prognostic test for early-stage Hormone Receptor (HR+)-positive breast cancer patients. CAB uses a Support Vector Machine (SVM) trained algorithm which utilizes expression levels of five biomarkers (CD44, ABCC4, ABCC11, N-Cadherin, and Pan-Cadherin) and three clinical parameters such as tumor size, grade, and node status as inputs to generate a risk score and categorizes patients as low- or high-risk for distant recurrence within 5 years of diagnosis. In this study, we present clinical validation of CAB. CAB was validated using a retrospective cohort of 857 patients. All patients were treated either with endocrine therapy or chemoendocrine therapy. Risk categorization by CAB was analyzed by calculating Distant Metastasis-Free Survival (DMFS) and recurrence rates using Kaplan-Meier survival curves. Multivariate analysis was performed to calculate Hazard ratios (HR) for CAB high-risk vs low-risk patients. The results showed that Distant Metastasis-Free Survival (DMFS) was significantly different (P-0.002) between low- (DMFS: 95%) and high-risk (DMFS: 80%) categories in the endocrine therapy treated alone subgroup (n = 195) as well as in the total cohort (n = 857, low-risk DMFS: 95%, high-risk DMFS: 84%, P < 0.0001). In addition, the segregation of the risk categories was significant (P = 0.0005) in node-positive patients, with a difference in DMFS of 12%. In multivariate analysis, CAB risk score was the most significant predictor of distant recurrence with hazard ratio of 3.2048 (P < 0.0001). CAB stratified patients into discrete risk categories with high statistical significance compared to Ki-67 and IHC4 score-based stratification. CAB stratified a higher percentage of the cohort (82%) as low-risk than IHC4 score (41.6%) and could re-stratify >74% of high Ki-67 and IHC4 score intermediate-risk zone patients into low-risk category. Overall the data suggest that CAB can effectively predict risk of distant recurrence with clear dichotomous high- or low-risk categorization.
Abstract 3798: Gut microbiota modulates adoptive cell therapy via CD8α dendritic cells (2018)

Abstract Adoptive T-Cell therapy (ACT) is a promising new modality for malignancies. Here, we report that adoptive T-cell efficacy in tumor-bearing mice is significantly affected by differences in the native composition of the gut microbiome, treatment with antibiotics or by heterologous fecal transfer. Depletion of bacteria with vancomycin, decreased the rate of tumor growth in mice receiving ACT, whereas treatment with neomycin and metronidazole had no effect, indicating the role of specific bacteria in host response. Vancomycin treatment induced an increase in systemic CD8α+ dendritic cells, which mediated a sustained systemic expansion of adoptively transferred antitumor T cells in an IL-12-dependent manner. In subjects undergoing allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation, we found that oral vancomycin also increased IL-12 levels. Collectively, our findings demonstrate an important role played by the gut microbiota in the antitumor effectiveness of ACT and suggest new avenues to improve response to ACT by altering the gut microbiota. Citation Format: Mireia Uribe-Herranz, Kyle Bittinger, Stavros Rafail, Sonia Guedan, Stefano Pierini, Ceylan Tanes, Saar A. Gill, Janos Tany, Mark A. Morgan, Frederic D. Bushman, Carl H. June, Andrea Facciabene. Gut microbiota modulates adoptive cell therapy via CD8α dendritic cells [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2018; 2018 Apr 14-18; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 3798.