gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Nuclear receptor HNF4α performs a tumor suppressor function in prostate cancer via its induction of p21-driven cellular senescence (2019)

Hepatocyte nuclear factor 4α (HNF4α, NR2A1) is a highly conserved member of the nuclear receptor superfamily. Recent advances reveal that it is a key transcriptional regulator of genes, broadly involved in xenobiotic and drug metabolism and also cancers of gastrointestinal tract. However, the exact functional roles of HNF4α in prostate cancer progression are still not fully understood. In this study, we determined the functional significance of HNF4α in prostate cancer. Our results showed that HNF4α exhibited a reduced expression pattern in clinical prostate cancer tissues, prostate cancer cell lines and xenograft model of castration-relapse prostate cancer. Stable HNF4α knockdown not only could promote cell proliferation and suppress doxorubicin (Dox)-induced cellular senescence in prostate cancer cells, but also confer resistance to paclitaxel treatment and enhance colony formation capacity and in vivo tumorigenicity of prostate cancer cells. On the contrary, ectopic overexpression of HNF4α could significantly inhibit the cell proliferation of prostate cancer cells, induce cell-cycle arrest at G<sub>2</sub>/M phase and trigger the cellular senescence in prostate cancer cells by activation of p21 signal pathway in a p53-independent manner via its direct transactivation of CDKN1A. Together, our results show that HNF4α performs a tumor suppressor function in prostate cancer via a mechanism of p21-driven cellular senescence.
Nonmedication, Alternative, and Complementary Treatments for Migraine (2012)

Therapies proven (to various degrees) to be effective for migraine include aerobic exercise; biofeedback; other forms of relaxation training; cognitive therapies; acupuncture; and supplementation with magnesium, CoQ10, riboflavin, butterbur, feverfew, and cyanocobalamin with folate and pyridoxine.
Single channel properties of neuronal nicotinic ACh receptors in stratum radiatum interneurons of rat hippocampal slices (2000)

The single channel properties of neuronal nicotinic ACh receptors (nAChRs) were investigated in outside-out patches from CA1 stratum radiatum interneurons from thin slices of rat hippocampus. The application of ACh (10 microM to 1 mM) induced the opening of observable single channel currents with two distinct current levels, which corresponded to conductance levels of 38 +/- 3 and 62 +/- 2 pS. The 38 pS channel was observed in 10 % (n = 260) of patches, whereas the 62 pS channel was observed in 4 % of patches; these two channel types were most often observed independently. The alpha7-selective nAChR antagonist methyllycaconitine (MLA; 50 nM) reduced the open probability of the 38 pS channel by 73 %. In contrast, the 62 pS channel was unaffected by MLA, but instead was blocked by dihydro-beta-erythroidine (DHbetaE; 10 microM), a broad spectrum nAChR antagonist. These data suggest that rat hippocampal CA1 stratum radiatum interneurons in the slice possess at least two different types of functional nAChRs, an alpha7-containing subtype with a single channel conductance of 38 pS, and a non-alpha7 subtype with a single channel conductance of 62 pS.
Galileo E1 OS and GPS L1C Pseudo Random Noise Codes - Requirements, Generation, Optimization and Comparison - (2007)

With the introduction of the future Galileo signals as well as with GPS L1C, new Pseudo Random Noise (PRN) Code structures that are not based on Linear Feedback Shift Registers (LFSR) will be employed for the very first time in the history of civilian GNSS. Instead of this well known code generation approach, completely different schemes will be followed by both GPS and Galileo. GPS L1C will use Weil-based codes derived from a single Legendre sequence while the Galileo E6 CS and E1 OS signals will implement random codes optimized via genetic algorithms. Since these are two completely different procedures for code optimization, this paper will try to shed some light on both code designs. Furthermore, this paper will present pros and cons of both designs. Finally, in order to have the fairest comparison between both approaches, sample code sets have been generated using the two schemes. As GPS L1C and Galileo E1 OS will transmit their signals at a center frequency of 1575.42 MHz with an identical Power Spectral Density (PSD) of MBOC(6,1,1/11) it is obvious that both PRN code families could potentially affect each other. This paper will also deal with this topic. For simplicity in the notation, we will refer to this aspect as intersystem crosscorrelation.
Cycloaddition Reactions of Propyne Iminium Salts and Enol Ethers (2015)

Acetylenic iminium salts (propyne iminium salts) react with cyclic enol ethers in a thermal [2+2] cycloaddition reaction to afford condensed cyclobutene iminium salts. With acyclic enol ethers, a cycloaddition/electrocyclic ring-opening sequence occurs to give (1-alkoxybuta-1,3-dien-2-yl)methane iminium salts as mixtures of diastereoisomers. An analogous scenario is observed with 5-phenyl-2-vinylfuran as the nucleophilic olefinic component. With 1-methoxy-3-trimethylsilyloxy-1,3-butadiene, propyne iminium salts undergo a [4+2] cycloaddition. For all reactions, traces of acid must be quenched with solid K<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>3</sub> or CaO to avoid immediate polymerization of the enol ether.
The clinical effect of a new infant formula in term infants with constipation: a double-blind, randomized cross-over trial (2007)

The addition of a high concentration sn-2 palmitic acid, prebiotic oligosaccharides and partially hydrolyzed whey protein resulted in a strong tendency of softer stools in constipated infants, but not in a difference in defecation frequency. Formula transition to NF may be considered as treatment in constipated infants with hard stools.
Activity Staining of Glutathione Peroxidase after Two-dimensional Gel Electrophoresis (2004)

We have developed a method for rapid activity staining of proteins with glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity after 2-D gel electrophoresis. After separating proteins extracted from yeast, or mouse red blood cells, by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis, SDS was removed and the gel was submerged in a Tris-HCl buffer containing glutathione and hydrogen peroxide, followed by incubation with 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) and phenazine methosulfate (PMS). After this proteins with GPx activity appeared as clear zones on a purple background. This relatively simple activity staining method could be useful for rapid screening of proteins with GPx activity in cell extracts.
Copolymers of vinyl epoxides with carbon monoxide (2000)

Highly functionalized alternating polyketones which possess epoxide groups in the side chains are synthesized by cationic palladium(II) complex catalyzed copolymerization of vinyl epoxides (non-conjugated diene monoepoxides) with carbon monoxide. Catalytic amounts of formic acid and 1,4-naphthoquinone promote the copolymerization significantly without effecting the epoxide group, with [Pd(L)(MeCN)2](BF4)2 (L = (R,R)-Me-DUPHOS) as the catalyst.
Spectrum-Based Fault Localization: Testing Oracles are No Longer Mandatory (2011)

Spectrum-based Fault Localization (SBFL) is one of the most popular approaches for locating software faults, and has received much attention because of its simplicity and effectiveness. It utilizes the execution result of each test case (failure or pass) and the corresponding coverage information to evaluate the likelihood of each program entity (e.g., a statement or a predicate) being faulty. Different formulas for computing such likelihood have been proposed based on different intuitions. All existing SBFL techniques have assumed the existence of a testing oracle, that is, a mechanism which can determine whether the execution of a test case fails or passes. However, such an assumption does not always hold. Recently, metamorphic testing has been proposed to alleviate the oracle problem. Thus, it is a natural extension to investigate how it can help SBFL techniques to locate faults even without using a testing oracle. Based on the framework of metamorphic testing, we have developed a novel concept of mice as a counterpart of the slice used in the current SBFL techniques. More precisely, in the absence of a testing oracle, we can determine whether an expected characterization of the program is satisfied. The outcomes of dissatisfaction or satisfaction of an expected characterization are then regarded as the counterparts of failed or passed executions, respectively, when a testing oracle exists. Since our approach does not require the existence of a testing oracle, it significantly enhances the applicability of SBFL techniques. Case studies on three popular SBFL techniques (Tarantula, Ochiai and Jaccard) with 9 applications are reported to demonstrate the use of the proposed fault localization technique.
A conserved threonine spring‐loads precursor for intein splicing (2013)

Protein splicing is an autocatalytic process where an "intein" self-cleaves from a precursor and ligates the flanking N- and C-"extein" polypeptides. Inteins occur in all domains of life and have myriad uses in biotechnology. Although the reaction steps of protein splicing are known, mechanistic details remain incomplete, particularly the initial peptide rearrangement at the N-terminal extein/intein junction. Recently, we proposed that this transformation, an N-S acyl shift, is accelerated by a localized conformational strain, between the intein's catalytic cysteine (Cys1) and the neighboring glycine (Gly-1) in the N-extein. That proposal was based on the crystal structure of a catalytically competent trapped precursor. Here, we define the structural origins and mechanistic relevance of the conformational strain using a combination of quantum mechanical simulations, mutational analysis, and X-ray crystallography. Our results implicate a conserved, but largely unstudied, threonine residue of the Ssp DnaE intein (Thr69) as the mediator of conformational strain through hydrogen bonding. Further, the strain imposed by this residue is shown to position the splice junction in a manner that enhances the rate of the N-S acyl shift substantially. Taken together, our results not only provide fundamental understanding of the control of the first step of protein splicing but also have important implications in various biotechnological applications that require precursor manipulation.
In vitro proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy of liver tissue informs in vivo hepatic proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy studies (2008)

Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H MRS) has the potential to provide a noninvasive assessment of hepatic lipid composition. The spectral resolution of in vivo clinical MR data is currently limited by the magnetic field strengths available and by motion artifact. Therefore, interpretation of in vivo MR findings is aided by corroboration with in vitro MR studies. A recent study published in HEPATOLOGY used 1H MRS of oils to model lipid composition in human liver.1 Johnson and colleagues presented a polyunsaturation index (PUI), defined as the amplitude of the diallylic fatty acid functional group resonance divided by the sum of the allylic, diallylic, methylene, and methyl functional group resonances. The PUI decreased in obesity and hepatic steatosis.1 A number of resonances were identified in the proton MR spectra from oils and the human liver. On the basis of chemical shift and relative concentration, we suggest the resonance assigned to the diallylic lipid peak in liver should in fact be assigned to total choline-containing compounds (tCho). Scrutiny of the published MR spectra from the oils showed the chemical shift difference between the methylene resonance and the diallylic resonance (peak 2) was δ1.5 ppm,1 consistent with results from in vitro MR studies of intact liver of δ1.47 ppm2 and δ1.48 ppm.3 However, the relative chemical shift between the methylene resonance and the peak assigned as the “diallylic” resonance (peak 2) in humans was δ1.9 ppm,1 more consistent with the published chemical shift difference between methylene and tCho resonances of δ1.90 ppm2 and δ1.88 ppm.3 A reassignment of the resonances between δ2.8 and δ3.2 ppm has implications for the interpretation of results. Although significant differences were seen between groups, these may be interpreted as being a result of a reduced tCho:lipid ratio, rather than a reduction in PUI. The choice of an internal reference peak is not obvious when using 1H MRS, because each resonance may comprise a number of overlapping peaks. However, in this study, the use of a reference peak that is present in both the model oils and the human liver, such as the methylene resonance, would provide a suitable reference for chemical shift, even if not for the absolute concentration. Therefore, to validate the spectral assignment of lower resolution MRS in vivo, it should be borne in mind that oils, while providing a model of lipid composition, may not be fully representative of all the resonances observed from intact tissue. Comparison to high-resolution MRS of intact tissue or tissue extracts enables the identification of constituents such as choline-related compounds, amino acid, and carbohydrate resonances, in addition to lipids, at physiological concentrations. Jeremy F.L. Cobbold*, Simon D. Taylor-Robinson*, I. Jane Cox , * Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Division of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK, Imaging Sciences Department, Division of Clinical Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK.
Spatial distribution of 6300A emission determined from narrow-band images of Halley's Comet (1986)

In March 1986 the Wisconsin dual-etalon Fabry-Perot spectrometer was adapted for use with an intensified CCD imaging detector and good quality images of OI 6300A emission from a 10 arcmin field centered on Halley's comet head were obtained in April and May 1986. The 10 km/sec bandpass was adequate to eliminate spectral contamination from cometary NH2 and, with appropriate Doppler shifts, terrestrial airglow. The observed distribution of OI emission indicates O(sup 1)D production from 2 sources, presumably photodissociation of H2O and OH. Scale lengths are determined for the distributions of these sources in the coma.
Хітозанові плівки з вуглецевими нанотрубками, декорованими частинками магнетиту (2014)

Досліджено структуру композитів на основі хітозану та багатошарових вуглецевих нанотрубок, які було декоровано магнетитом. Синтез композитів здійснювалось під дією постійного магнітного поля і за його відсутності. Для композитів, наповнених декорованими нанотрубками, виявлено зміну морфології плівок під впливом постійного магнітного поля. Показано, що наповнення полімера магнетитвмісними окисненими нанотрубками забезпечує формування однорідної гладкої плівки.
<title>Unified superfast algorithm for confluent tangential interpolation problems and for structured matrices</title> (1999)

The classical Caratheodory-Fejer and Nevanlinna-Pick interpolation problems have a long and distinguished history, appearing in a variety of applications in mathematics and electrical engineering. It is well-known that these problems can be solved in O(n<SUP>2</SUP>) operations, where n is the overall multiplicity of interpolation points. In this paper we suggest a superfast algorithm for solving the more general confluent tangential interpolation problem. The cost of the new algorithm varies from O(n log<SUP>2</SUP> n) to O(n log<SUP>3</SUP> n), depending on the multiplicity pattern of the interpolation points. The new algorithm can be used to factorize, invert, and solve a linear system of equations with confluent- Cauchy-like matrices. This class of matrices includes Hankel-like (i.e., permuted Toeplitz-like), Vandermonde-like and Cauchy-like matrices as special cases. An important ingredient of the proposed method is a new fast algorithm to compute a product of a confluent- Cauchy-like matrix by a vector.
Coherent Control at Its Most Fundamental: Carrier-Envelope-Phase-Dependent Electron Localization in Photodissociation of aH2+Molecular Ion Beam Target (2013)

Measurements and calculations of the absolute carrier-envelope-phase (CEP) effects in the photodissociation of the simplest molecule, H2(+), with a 4.5-fs Ti:sapphire laser pulse at intensities up to (4±2)×10(14) W/cm2 are presented. Localization of the electron with respect to the two nuclei (during the dissociation process) is controlled via the CEP of the ultrashort laser pulses. In contrast to previous CEP-dependent experiments with neutral molecules, the dissociation of the molecular ions is not preceded by a photoionization process, which strongly influences the CEP dependence. Kinematically complete data are obtained by time- and position-resolved coincidence detection. The phase dependence is determined by a single-shot phase measurement correlated to the detection of the dissociation fragments. The experimental results show quantitative agreement with ab initio 3D time-dependent Schrödinger equation calculations that include nuclear vibration and rotation.
Nitric Oxide Synthesis Inhibition Does Not Impair Water Immersion-Induced Renal Vasodilation in Humans (2000)

Nitric oxide (NO) is tonically released in the kidney to maintain renal perfusion and adequate sodium and water clearance. Little is known about the role of NO in the renal adaptation to an acute volume challenge. This is important for our understanding of pathophysiologic conditions associated with impaired NO activity. This study examined the effects of NO synthesis inhibition on neurohumoral, renal hemodynamic, and excretory responses to head-out immersion (HOI). Seven healthy men underwent four 7-h clearance studies. One study served as a time control study (placebo infusion), and in one study N(G)-monomethyl-L-arginine (L-NMMA; 3 mg/kg priming dose + 3 mg/kg per h) was infused during hours 2 to 5. In a third and fourth clearance study, HOI was applied from hours 3 to 5, during infusion of either placebo or L-NMMA. To assess the degree of NO synthesis inhibition, the effect of L-NMMA on [(15)N]-arginine-to-[(15)N]-citrulline conversion rate was studied in four others. HOI decreased mean arterial pressure (MAP) from 87 +/- 3 to 76 +/- 2 mmHg and renal vascular resistance (RVR) from 82 +/- 6 to 70 +/- 7 mmHg. min/L, and increased sodium excretion (UNaV) from 110 +/- 27 to 195 +/- 29 micromol/min and flow (UV) from 14.4 +/- 1.4 to 15.8 +/- 1.4 ml/min. L-NMMA caused profound and sustained increases in MAP and RVR and decreases in UNaV and UV. HOI superimposed on L-NMMA infusion decreased the elevated MAP from 93 +/- 4 to 83 +/- 2 mmHg and RVR from 111 +/- 9 to 95 +/- 7 mmHg. min/L, and increased UNaV from 41 +/- 8 to 95 +/- 15 micromol/min and UV from 10.0 +/- 1.1 to 12.7 +/- 1.4 ml/min. The relative changes were not significantly different from the effects of HOI without L-NMMA infusion. HOI decreased plasma renin activity and aldosterone and increased plasma atrial natriuretic peptide and urinary cGMP. L-NMMA decreased urinary cGMP, but did not affect the plasma hormones or the changes induced by HOI. L-NMMA decreased the [(15)N]-arginine-to-[(15)N]-citrulline conversion rate to one-third of baseline. The results indicate that in a state of NO deficiency in humans, the kidney can still respond to an acute volume challenge with vasorelaxation, diuresis, and natriuresis.
Oncolytic herpes simplex viruses for the treatment of glioma and targeting glioblastoma stem-like cells (2023)

Glioblastoma (GBM) is one of the most lethal cancers, having a poor prognosis and a median survival of only about 15 months with standard treatment (surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy), which has not been significantly extended in decades. GBM demonstrates remarkable cellular heterogeneity, with glioblastoma stem-like cells (GSCs) at the apex. GSCs are a subpopulation of GBM cells that possess the ability to self-renew, differentiate, initiate tumor formation, and manipulate the tumor microenvironment (TME). GSCs are no longer considered a static population of cells with specific markers but are quite flexible phenotypically and in driving tumor heterogeneity and therapeutic resistance. In light of these features, they are a critical target for successful GBM therapy. Oncolytic viruses, in particular oncolytic herpes simplex viruses (oHSVs), have many attributes for therapy and are promising agents to target GSCs. oHSVs are genetically-engineered to selectively replicate in and kill cancer cells, including GSCs, but not normal cells. Moreover, oHSV can induce anti-tumor immune responses and synergize with other therapies, such as chemotherapy, DNA repair inhibitors, and immune checkpoint inhibitors, to potentiate treatment effects and reduce GSC populations that are partly responsible for chemo- and radio-resistance. Herein, we present an overview of GSCs, activity of different oHSVs, clinical trial results, and combination strategies to enhance efficacy, including therapeutic arming of oHSV. Throughout, the therapeutic focus will be on GSCs and studies specifically targeting these cells. Recent clinical trials and approval of oHSV G47Δ in Japan for patients with recurrent glioma demonstrate the efficacy and promise of oHSV therapy.
Polymer-Free Biolimus A9-Coated Stents in the Treatment of De Novo Coronary Lesions (2016)

The BFD, but not the BFD-LD, demonstrated noninferiority versus PES in terms of in-stent LLL, a surrogate of neointimal hyperplasia, at 12-month follow-up. At 5 years, clinical event rates were similar, without occurrence of stent thrombosis in all groups. (BioFreedom FIM Clinical Trial; NCT01172119).
From Distance Education to E-Learning: A Multiple Case Study on Instructional Design Problems (2007)

Distance education, increasingly dubbed online learning and even e-learning, represents an important societal movement, as witnessed by the sudden emergence of a worldwide knowledge industry in which universities play a central role. Many universities, in implementing e-learning, have undertaken a process whereby faculty are being encouraged to move on-campus created knowledge to online-disseminated knowledge. In attempting to do so, a distance education university-inspired model is often implemented which is foreign to traditional university practice. In doing so, numerous design-related problems are encountered by learning technologists, educational developers (United Kingdom), or instructional designers (USA), who assist faculty in this ‘migratory’ process. This study presents findings from a multi-case study dealing with such instructional design-related problems and charts the emergence of a relevant instructional design model for universities developing e-learning.
System-level power optimization (2000)

This tutorial surveys design methods for energy-efficient system-level design. We consider electronic sytems consisting of a hardware platform and software layers. We consider the three major constituents of hardware that consume energy, namely computation, communication, and storage units, and we review methods of reducing their energy consumption. We also study models for analyzing the energy cost of software, and methods for energy-efficient software design and compilation. This survery is organized around three main phases of a system design: conceptualization and modeling design and implementation, and runtime management. For each phase, we review recent techniques for energy-efficient design of both hardware and software.