gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Full strength and toughness recovery after repeated cracking and healing in bone-like high temperature ceramics (2020)

Bones of humans and animals combine two unique features, namely: they are brittle yet have a very high fracture toughness linked to the tortuosity of the crack path and they have the ability to repeatedly heal local fissures such that full recovery of overall mechanical properties is obtained even if the local bone structure is irreversibly changed by the healing process. Here it is demonstrated that Ti<sub>2</sub>AlC MAX phase metallo-ceramics also having a bone-like hierarchical microstructure and also failing along zig-zag fracture surfaces similarly demonstrate repeated full strength and toughness recovery at room temperature, even though the (high temperature) healing reaction involves the local formation of dense and brittle alumina within the crack. Full recovery of the fracture toughness depends on the healed zone thickness and process zone size formed in the alumina reaction product. A 3-dimensional finite element method (FEM) analysis of the data obtained from a newly designed wedge splitting test allowed full extraction of the local fracture properties of the healed cracks.
FLBG-1 Pepper Breeding Line (1983)

Abstract FLBG-1 is a sweet pepper (Capsicum an-nuum L.) breeding line that has been tested to be immune to Florida strains of tobacco etch (TEV) and potato Y (PVY) viruses. It is also tolerant to pepper mottle virus (PeMoV). FLBG-1 could be a useful parent for breeding virus-resistant sweet and hot peppers of the yellow or light-green, fruited types such as ‘Cubanelle’, ‘Hungarian Yellow Wax’, and ‘Sweet Banana’.
Application of Dynamic Theoretical Mass in Production System (2009)

Metering method of continuous casting slab and its development in the finished product module of MES employed were introduced in steelmaking plant at TISCO. Key factors which influence slab theoretical mass were discussed, and development direction of theoretical slab mass is pointed out.
Three-dimensional indoor visible light positioning system with a single transmitter and a single tilted receiver (2016)

Recently, visible light positioning has gradually become a research hotspot in indoor environments. Based on a single transmitter and a single tilted optical receiver, a three-dimensional (3-D) indoor visible light positioning system is proposed. The tilted optical receiver is installed on a rotatable and retractable platform. The 3-D space is divided many two-dimensional (2-D) planes by lifting the platform of the optical receiver. In each 2-D plane, various azimuth angles can be obtained by rotating the receiver platform, which offers a feasible way to perform multiple measurements with different azimuth angles to achieve the angle gain. According to the difference of the angle gain, a 3-D positioning algorithm is proposed. Experimental results show that the proposed positioning algorithm can provide good positioning accuracy.
Effect of Coffee Consumption on Intraocular Pressure (2002)

BACKGROUND:Many ophthalmologists instruct patients with glaucoma to avoid coffee, although data supporting this practice are insufficient.OBJECTIVE:To estimate the effect of drinking coffee on intraocular pressure (IOP).METHODS:In this crossover study, the effect of the consumption of regular (180 mg caffeine in 200 mL beverage) and decaffeinated coffee (3.6 mg caffeine in 200 mL beverage) was compared in patients with normotensive glaucoma (n = 6) or ocular hypertension (n = 22). IOP was monitored in both groups at 30, 60, and 90 minutes after coffee ingestion.RESULTS:In patients with normotensive glaucoma who drank regular coffee, the mean ± SD changes in IOP at 30, 60, and 90 minutes were 0.9 ± 0.5, 3.6 ± 1.1, and 2.3 ± 0.66 mm Hg, respectively; in those who drank decaffeinated coffee, they were 0.75 ± 0.36, 0.70 ± 0.4, and 0.4 ± 0.6 mm Hg, respectively. The corresponding values in patients with ocular hypertension were as follows: after regular coffee, 1.1 ± 0.7, 3.4 ± 1.0, and 3.0 ± 2.7 mm Hg; and after decaffeinated coffee, 0.6 ± 0.4, 0.9 ± 0.2, and 0.5 ± 0.5 mm Hg. The difference in the change in IOP from baseline after ingestion of regular versus decaffeinated coffee was statistically significant in each group at 60 and 90 minutes. Subjects who drank regular coffee demonstrated a greater elevation in IOP; this elevation may be clinically significant.CONCLUSIONS:Intake of caffeinated beverage (≥180 mg caffeine) may not be recommended for patients with normotensive glaucoma or ocular hypertension.
PsychSim: Agent-based Modeling of Social Interactions and Influence. (2004)

Agent-based modeling of human social behavior is an increasingly important research area. For example, it is critical to designing virtual humans, human-like autonomous agents that interact with people in virtual worlds. A key factor in human social interaction is our beliefs about others, in particular a theory of mind. Whether we believe a message depends not only on its content but also on our model of the communicator. The actions we take are influenced by how we believe others will react. However, theory of mind is usually ignored in computational models of social interaction. In this paper, we present PsychSim, an implemented multiagent-based simulation tool for modeling interactions and influence among groups or individuals. Each agent has its own decision-theoretic model of the world, including beliefs about its environment and recursive models of other agents. Having thus given the agents a theory of mind, PsychSim also provides them with a psychologically motivated mechanism for updating their beliefs in response to actions and messages of other agents. We discuss PsychSim and present an example of its operation.
The Effects of Stereoscopic Radar Displays on Air Traffic Controller Performance (2013)

Controllers identify vertical separation in aircraft depicted on 2-D radar displays by calculating altitude from numerical values. This is used to create a 3-D mental image to determine vertical spacing; a mentally fatiguing practice. Current stereoscopic display technology exists that may allow reduction of this aspect of controller workload. With a near doubling of traffic expected within the next two decades (FAA, 2012), controllers’ abilities to rapidly interpret spacing and maintain awareness will become increasingly imperative to safety. A stereoscopic radar simulator was developed and field-tested with 35 USAF controllers. It presented a top-down view, similar to traditional radar displays, however, altitude was depicted through stereoscopic disparity, permitting vertical separation to be viewed, rather than calculated.
Transcription factor MITF and remodeller BRG1 define chromatin organisation at regulatory elements in melanoma cells (2015)

Microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF) is the master regulator of the melanocyte lineage. To understand how MITF regulates transcription, we used tandem affinity purification and mass spectrometry to define a comprehensive MITF interactome identifying novel cofactors involved in transcription, DNA replication and repair, and chromatin organisation. We show that MITF interacts with a PBAF chromatin remodelling complex comprising BRG1 and CHD7. BRG1 is essential for melanoma cell proliferation in vitro and for normal melanocyte development in vivo. MITF and SOX10 actively recruit BRG1 to a set of MITF-associated regulatory elements (MAREs) at active enhancers. Combinations of MITF, SOX10, TFAP2A, and YY1 bind between two BRG1-occupied nucleosomes thus defining both a signature of transcription factors essential for the melanocyte lineage and a specific chromatin organisation of the regulatory elements they occupy. BRG1 also regulates the dynamics of MITF genomic occupancy. MITF-BRG1 interplay thus plays an essential role in transcription regulation in melanoma.
Permanent Iodine-125 Interstitial Implants for the Treatment of Recurrent Glioblastoma Multiforme (2000)

Permanent iodine-125 implants for recurrent GBM result in survival comparable with that described in previous reports on temporary implants, but with less morbidity. Results are most favorable for patients who are younger than 60 years, and who undergo gross total resection. Despite this aggressive treatment, most patients die as a consequence of locally recurrent disease.
A Simple and Rapid Immunomagnetobead Technique for the Analysis of Platelet Glycoprotein Deficiencies (1992)

A method for selective screening of platelet glycoprotein deficiencies, based on the use of antibody-coated magnetobeads and light microscopic examination is reported. The method is simple, time-saving and needs less than 1 ml of blood.
Mobility changes anonymity: new passive threats in mobile ad hoc networks (2006)

Abstract Privacy in mobile ad hoc networks has new semantics in addition to the conventional notions for infrastructure networks. Mobility enabled by wireless communication has significantly changed privacy issues and anonymity research in many ways. In particular, mobility requires ad hoc routing schemes to transmit messages frequently in an open wireless medium. The routing traffic facilitates adversaries in conducting various attacks threatening the network security and privacy. In this work, we focus on passive routing attacks. We present an extensive study on new anonymity threats and classify the corresponding security demands into three new categories: (1) venue anonymity ; (2) privacy of ad hoc network topology ; and (3) privacy of motion pattern . These new aspects are all introduced by mobility and left unaddressed in fixed infrastructure. This leads us to investigate new design principles. Our study suggests that on‐demand routing , identity‐free routing , and neighborhood traffic mixing are better design choices to defend against the new anonymity threats in mobile networks. The paper also demonstrates through examples on the visualization of the mobile anonymity attacks and on the quantification of the effectiveness of the attacks. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.
Catalytic Valorization of Furfural under Methane Environment (2018)

The technical feasibility of developing a novel process for coupling bioderived furans (furfural) with methane was investigated at mild reaction conditions (400 °C and 2.5 MPa) over modified zeolite catalysts. Monoaromatics are the main liquid products with high yield, and the oxygen of furfural is removed in the form of CO and CO2. Compared to other zeolite-supported metal catalysts developed in this study, Zn–Ga/ZSM5 shows better catalytic performance on furfural conversion in terms of a higher yield of aromatics, particularly benzene, toluene and xylene (BTX), slightly lower gas yield and higher methane conversion. The presence of methane provides carbon atoms that are effectively utilized in the formation of aromatics, and further significantly enhances the yield of aromatics under the facilitation of the charged catalyst. Direct evidence of methane participation in the formation of aromatic products is witnessed by liquid 1H, 2H and 13C NMR investigations, which reveal that methane tends to be incorporated into both the attached methyl groups and aromatic ring, preferentially the benzene ring and the meta position of aromatics. Comprehensive catalyst characterizations, including X-ray diffraction, diffuse reflectance infrared transform spectroscopy, ammonia temperature-programmed desorption, transmission electron microscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, demonstrate that higher yield of aromatics from furfural conversion might be attributed to better dispersion of Zn and Ga species on the zeolite, abundant acidic sites with an appropriate ratio of weak acid sites to strong acid sites, as well as the stable oxidation state of metal species (Zn2+ and Ga3+). The reaction pathway involved in the furfural conversion to aromatics under methane environment is reasonably hypothesized based on pseudo-situ investigations. The results reported in this work could provide more insights into the catalytic chemistry of bioderived furans upgrading and more cost-effective utilization of abundant natural gas and biomass.
Experimental Study of the Interaction of an Helium Plasma Jet and a Conductive Target (2017)

In past few decades, atmospheric pressure plasma jets (APPJs) has emerged as promising tool for numerous fields such as biomedical applications and analytical chemistry. Most of the studies are performed on free air conditions with helium as working gas. However, it has been reported that several modifications occurred on the APPJs propagation when the plasma jet interacts with a target <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sup> . The aim of this study is to investigate the influence of a conductive target (copper plate) on a helium plasma jet characteristics.
Inactivation of the uptake hydrogenase in the purple non-sulfur photosynthetic bacterium Rubrivivax gelatinosus CBS enables a biological water–gas shift platform for H2 production (2019)

Biological H<sub>2</sub> production has potential to address energy security and environmental concerns if produced from renewable or waste sources. The purple non-sulfur photosynthetic bacterium Rubrivivax gelatinosus CBS produces H<sub>2</sub> while oxidizing CO, a component of synthesis gas (Syngas). CO-linked H<sub>2</sub> production is facilitated by an energy-converting hydrogenase (Ech), while a subsequent H<sub>2</sub> oxidation reaction is catalyzed by a membrane-bound hydrogenase (MBH). Both hydrogenases contain [NiFe] active sites requiring 6 maturation factors (HypA-F) for assembly, but it is unclear which of the two annotated sets of hyp genes are required for each in R. gelatinosus CBS. Herein, we report correlated expression of hyp1 genes with Ech genes and hyp2 expression with MBH genes. Moreover, we find that while Ech H<sub>2</sub> evolving activity is only delayed when hyp1 is deleted, hyp2 deletion completely disrupts MBH H<sub>2</sub> uptake, providing a platform for a biologically driven water-gas shift reaction to produce H<sub>2</sub> from CO.
Über Das Dischwefelheptoxyd (1952)

Abstract Nach einer kurzen Zusammenstellung der Literaturangaben über die Schwefelperoxyde, deren Diskussion im Verlaufe der Abhandlung erfolgt, wird die Darstellung des Dischwefelheptoxyds aus Schwefeldioxyd und Sauerstoff unter Einwirkung stiller elektrischer Entladungen beschrieben. Der Umsatz der Gase vollzieht sich nicht quantitativ, es stellt sich ein temperaturabhängiges Gleichgewicht mit bereits gebildetem Dischwefelheptoxyd ein. Als Strukturformel für die Reaktionsprodukte muß auf Grund der Analysen und der physikalischen Eigenschaften die eines Makromoleküls der angenäherten Zusammensetzung (SO 2 O 2 SO 2 O) x angenommen werden. Bei der Hydrolyse lassen sich S 2 O 7 ‐Bausteine als S 2 O 8 bzw. als K 2 S 2 O 8 abfangen, so daß das Dischwefelheptoxyd nicht nur formell als Anhydrid der Peroxydischwefelsäure aufzufassen ist. Auch an Hand einiger qualitativer Reaktionen wird gezeigt, daß das (S 2 O 7 ) x kein bloßes Gemisch von SO 3 und SO 4 sein kann.
Homoepitaxial GaN micropillar array by plasma-free photo-enhanced metal-assisted chemical etching (2021)

Metal-assisted chemical etching is a plasma-free open-circuit anisotropic etching method that produces high aspect ratio structures in various semiconductors. Here, for the first time, we demonstrate the formation of ordered micropillar arrays of homoepitaxial GaN, using photo-enhanced MacEtch with patterned platinum films as the catalyst. The GaN etching rate and morphology as a function of etching chemistry, growth method, and doping conditions are investigated, and the etch mechanism is analyzed. Etch rates and surface smoothness are found to increase with the Si-doping level in GaN, approaching those achieved by reactive ion etching and photoelectrochemical etching. Spatially resolved photoluminescence shows no degradation in near band edge emission and no newly generated defect peaks, as expected due to the high energy ion free nature. This approach can also potentially be applied to InGaN and AlGaN by tuning the etch chemistry and illumination wavelength, enabling a facile and scalable processing of 3D III-nitride based electronic and optoelectronic devices such as μLEDs and finFETs.
α-Glucosidase Inhibitory Action of Natural Acylated Anthocyanins. 2. α-Glucosidase Inhibition by Isolated Acylated Anthocyanins (2001)

Four diacylated pelargonidin (Pg: SOA-4 and SOA-6), cyanidin (Cy: YGM-3), and peonidin (Pn: YGM-6) 3-sophoroside-5-glucosides isolated from the red flowers of the morning glory, Pharbitis nil cv. Scarlett O'Hara (SOA), and the storage roots of purple sweet potato, Ipomoea batatas cv. Ayamurasaki (YGM), were subjected to an alpha-glucosidase (AGH) inhibitory assay, in which the assay was performed with the immobilized AGH (iAGH) system to mimic the membrane-bound AGH at the small intestine. As a result, the acylated anthocyanins showed strong maltase inhibitory activities with IC(50) values of <200 microM, whereas no sucrase inhibition was observed. Of these, SOA-4 [Pg 3-O-(2-O-(6-O-(E-3-O-(beta-D-glucopyranosyl)caffeyl)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl)-6-O-E-caffeyl-beta-D-glucopyranoside)-5-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside] possessed the most potent maltase inhibitory activity (IC(50) = 60 microM). As a result of a marked reduction of iAGH inhibitory activity by deacylating the anthocyanins, that is, Pg (or Cy or Pn) sophoroside-5-glucoside, acylation of anthocyanin with caffeic (Caf) or ferulic (Fer) acid was found to be important in the expression of iAGH (maltase) inhibition. In addition, the result that Pg-based anthocyanins showed the most potent maltase inhibition, with an IC(50) value of 4.6 mM, and the effect being in the descending order of potency of Pg > Pn/Cy strongly suggested that no replacement at the 3'(5')-position of the aglycon B-ring may be essential for inhibiting iAGH action.
Locoregional control in locally advanced breast cancer using neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by breast conservation (2008)

539 Background: Neoadjuvant chemotherapy is commonly employed in the treatment of locally advanced breast cancer. However, the difference in local-regional recurrence (LRR) rates between those undergoing BCT and those with mastectomy is not well defined. The purpose of this study was to examine the incidence of LRR in these two groups after neoadjuvant chemotherapy at a single institution. Methods: Under IRB approval, a prospective database was utilized to identify all patients with locally advanced Stage II and III breast cancer undergoing neoadjuvant chemotherapy from 1991 to 2005. Patients presenting with stage IV disease or T4d primary breast cancer were excluded from this analysis. LRR was compared between those undergoing BCT and mastectomy by log-rank test and Cox regression analysis was utilized to evaluate individual variables associated with LRR. Results: 236 patients were included, 94 (40%) underwent BCT and 142 (60%) mastectomy. 93/94 (99%) of the BCT and 115/142 (81%) of the mastectomy patients received postoperative radiation. Pathologic complete response (CR) was seen in 60 patients, of which 34 underwent BCT. Those achieving BCT were more likely to have T2 or smaller tumors before treatment (p=0.0053) and smaller tumors post-treatment (p<0.0001) and were more likely to have a pathologic CR (p=0.0035) than those with mastectomy. At a median f/u of 58 months, the rate of LRR was 5% (5/94) in the BCT group and 9% (13/142) in the mastectomy group (p=0.32). Univariate Cox modeling showed ER status (p=0.01), number of positive axillary nodes (p=0.039), post-treatment T stage (p=0.02), tumor size post-treatment (p=0.04) and pathologic stage (p=0.008) were independent predictors of LRR. Pre-treatment T and N stage were not associated with LRR. Five-year overall survival was 90% in the BCT group and 69% in the mastectomy group (p=0.01). Conclusions: In this series of locally advanced breast cancer patients undergoing neoadjuvant chemotherapy, the rate of LRR was very low and was not significantly different between those undergoing BCT as compared to mastectomy. However, overall survival was improved in those achieving BCT, suggesting this may be a surrogate for prognosis. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Analysis of a Subset Sum Randomizer. (2001)

In [5] an e#cient pseudo-random number generator (PRNG) with provable security is described. Its security is based on the hardness of the subset sum or knapsack problem. In this paper we refine these ideas to design a PRNG with independent seed and output generation. This independence allows for greater parallelism, design flexibility, and possibly greater security. # University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico. Email:{gemmell@cs.unm.edu}
Table S1 from Radiological Patterns of Drug-induced Interstitial Lung Disease (DILD) in Early-phase Oncology Clinical Trials (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Table S1. Frequency of DILD as per category&lt;/p&gt;
High-resolution He I 10830 Å Narrowband Imaging for an M-class Flare. III. EUV Late Phase (2020)

Abstract In this paper, we report the EUV late phase for the M1.8 class flare on 2012 July 5 in the active region (AR) 11515. The late phase is shown by the prominent appearance of EUV emission at 131 Å of two additional flare loop systems (flare arcades 2 and 3, as named in this paper) other than the main flare loop (flare arcade 1), as observed by the Atmospheric Imaging Assembly (AIA) on board the Solar Dynamic Observatory (SDO). Three sets of flare arcades connect four flare ribbons, which forms an asymmetric quadrupole magnetic field configuration. While the emission from flare arcade 2, linking the pair of secondary flare ribbons, and arcade 3, linking one of the main flare ribbons and one of the secondary flare ribbons, conjointly contributes to the EUV late phase, their heating mechanisms are quite different. While the brightening of flare arcade 2 is the result of disturbance created by the eruption of EUV hot channels to the overlying coronal magnetic field, the heating of flare arcade 3 was closely associated with two rapid contractions of the overlying filament threads during the partial eruption of the filament. The contractions are discernible in He i 10830 Å images and have signatures in the EUV wavelengths of AIA. The two rapid contractions are the result of a sudden drop in magnetic pressure after the eruption of two hot channels. Clear evidence suggests that magnetic reconnection may occur between the contracting filament threads and the low-lying magnetic field.
Supplemental Material: Organic biomorphs may be better preserved than microorganisms in early Earth sediments (2021)

Detailed materials and methods, supplemental text, and Figures S1–S4.&lt;br&gt;
The synthesis of monomethoxy[1]benzothieno[2,3‐c]quinolines (1987)

Abstract A series of monomethoxy[1]benzothieno[2,3‐ c ]quinolines 24‐28 were prepared by photocylization of the appropriate 3‐chloro‐ N ‐phenylbenzo[ b ]thiophene‐2‐carboxamides 9–13 to [1]benzothieno[2,3‐ c ]quinolin‐6( 5H )‐ones 14‐18 followed by chlorination to 6‐chloro[1]benzothieno[2,3‐ c ]quinolines 19‐23 then dechlorination resulting in the title compounds except for 25 which was achieved by direct reduction of 15 . Reaction of 24‐28 with methyl iodide provided the corresponding N ‐methyl quaternary salts 29‐33 . Also, conversion of 4‐meth‐oxy[1]benzothieno[2,3‐ c ]quinolin‐6( 5H )‐one 16 to 4‐methoxy‐6‐methylthio[1]benzothieno[2,3‐ c ]quinoline 35 and 4,6‐dimethoxy[1]benzothieno[2,3‐ c ]quinoline 36 is described.