gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Two-dimensional-centric interfaces and algorithms for three-dimensional modeling (2009)

The creation of 3D models is a fundamental task in computer graphics. The task is required by professional artists working on movies, television, and games, and desired by casual users who wish to make their own models for use in virtual worlds or as a hobby. 
In this thesis, we consider approaches to creating and editing 3D models that minimize the user’s thinking in 3D. In particular, our approaches do not require the user to manipulate 3D positions in space or mentally invert complex 3D-to-2D mappings. We present interfaces and algorithms for the creation of 3D surfaces, for texturing, and for adding small-to-medium scale geometric detail. 
First, we present a novel approach for texture placement and editing based on direct manipulation of textures on the surface. Compared to conventional tools for surface texturing, our system combines UV-coordinate specification and texture editing into one seamless process, reducing the need for careful initial design of parameterization and providing a natural interface for working with textures directly on 3D surfaces. 
Second, we present a system for free-form surface modeling that allows a user to modify a shape by changing its rendered, shaded image using stroke-based drawing tools. A new shape, whose rendered image closely approximates user input, is computed using an efficient and stable surface optimization procedure. We demonstrate how several types of free-form surface edits which may be difficult to cast in terms of standard deformation approaches can be easily performed using our system. 
Third, we present a single-view 2D interface for 3D modeling based on the idea of placing 2D primitives and annotations on an existing, pre-made sketch or image. Our interface frees users to create 2D sketches from arbitrary angles using their preferred tool—including pencil and paper—which they then “describe” using our tool to create a 3D model. Our primitives are manipulated with persistent, dynamic handles, and our annotations take the form of markings commonly used in geometry textbooks.
A monoclonal antibody that inhibits mycobacterial DNA gyrase by a novel mechanism (2005)

DNA gyrase is a DNA topoisomerase indispensable for cellular functions in bacteria. We describe a novel, hitherto unknown, mechanism of specific inhibition of Mycobacterium smegmatis and Mycobacterium tuberculosis DNA gyrase by a monoclonal antibody (mAb). Binding of the mAb did not affect either GyrA-GyrB or gyrase-DNA interactions. More importantly, the ternary complex of gyrase-DNA-mAb retained the ATPase activity of the enzyme and was competent to catalyse DNA cleavage-religation reactions, implying a new mode of action different from other classes of gyrase inhibitors. DNA gyrase purified from fluoroquinolone-resistant strains of M.tuberculosis and M.smegmatis were inhibited by the mAb. The absence of cross-resistance of the drug-resistant enzymes from two different sources to the antibody-mediated inhibition corroborates the new mechanism of inhibition. We suggest that binding of the mAb in the proximity of the primary dimer interface region of GyrA in the heterotetrameric enzyme appears to block the release of the transported segment after strand passage, leading to enzyme inhibition. The specific inhibition of mycobacterial DNA gyrase with the mAb opens up new avenues for designing novel lead molecules for drug discovery and for probing gyrase mechanism.
Quantum data learning for quantum simulations in high-energy physics (2023)

Quantum machine learning with parametrised quantum circuits has attracted significant attention over the past years as an early application for the era of noisy quantum processors. However, the possibility of achieving concrete advantages over classical counterparts in practical learning tasks is yet to be demonstrated. A promising avenue to explore potential advantages is the learning of data generated by quantum mechanical systems and presented in an inherently quantum mechanical form. In this article, we explore the applicability of quantum-data learning to practical problems in high-energy physics, aiming to identify domain specific use-cases where quantum models can be employed. We consider quantum states governed by one-dimensional lattice gauge theories and a phenomenological quantum field theory in particle physics, generated by digital quantum simulations or variational methods to approximate target states. We make use of an ansatz based on quantum convolutional neural networks and numerically show that it is capable of recognizing quantum phases of ground states in the Schwinger model, (de)confinement phases from time-evolved states in the $\mathbb{Z}_2$ gauge theory, and that it can extract fermion flavor/coupling constants in a quantum simulation of parton shower. The observation of non-trivial learning properties demonstrated in these benchmarks will motivate further exploration of the quantum-data learning architecture in high-energy physics.
Routing in interconnected FDDI LANs (1991)

The fibre distributed data interface is a recently standardised, 100 Mbps local area network using fibre optic technology. FDDI is capable of supporting up to 500 users over a 100 km distance. As FDDI becomes widely accepted and implemented the need for interconnecting remote FDDI LANs becomes increasingly important. FDDI interconnection can be accomplished in several different ways. Methods include connection by single mode fibre, metropolitan area network technology (DQDB) or via leased lines using bridges and routers. The paper considers the case of a relatively large corporate network composed of FDDI LANs which are separated by large distances. The best solution, in terms of economics and performance, for such a network involves leased lines and layer 3 routers. A modified extension to a Bellman-Ford routing algorithm is simulated and its performance examined.
Cerebrovascular Reactivity to <i>L-</i>Arginine in Patients with Lacunar Infarctions (2005)

Our results showed that cerebrovascular reactivity to L-arginine, which demonstrates cerebral endothelial function, is significantly impaired in patients with cardiovascular risk factors. Importantly, we found that patients with lacunar infarctions do not show any additional impairment of cerebral endothelial function.
Editorial introduction (2021)

This special issue presents nine articles that are comprehensive case studies of deployed applications, carefully selected out of the breadth of papers from the 32nd Annual Conference on Innovative Applications of Artificial Intelligence (IAAI-20). IAAI is the premier conference for applied AI research, providing a forum for disseminating work on novel uses of AI technology — ranging from the insightful application of existing techniques to previously unexplored domains through to new or enhanced AI methods that show significant impact for applications considered previously.
Wireless Smart Grid Design for Monitoring and Optimizing Electric Transmission in India (2010)

Electricity losses in India during transmission and distribution are extremely high and vary between 30 to 45%. Wireless network based architecture is proposed in this paper, for monitoring and optimizing the electric transmission and distribution system in India. The system consists of multiple smart wireless transformer sensor node, smart controlling station, smart transmission line sensor node, and smart wireless consumer sensor node. The proposed software module also incorporates different data aggregation algorithms needed for the different pathways of the electricity distribution system. This design incorporates effective solutions for multiple problems faced by India's electricity distribution system such as varying voltage levels experienced due to the varying electrical consumption, power theft, manual billing system, and transmission line fault. The proposed architecture is designed for single phase electricity distribution system, and this design can be implemented for three phase system of electricity distribution with minor modifications. The implementation of this system will save large amount of electricity, and thereby electricity will be available for more number of consumers than earlier, in a highly populated country such as India. The proposed smart grid architecture developed for Indian scenario, delivers continuous real-time monitoring of energy utilization, efficient energy consumption, minimum energy loss, power theft detection, line fault detection, and automated billing.
Mutation analysis of Jewish hunter patients in Israel (1994)

We have performed molecular and mutation analyses on 14 unrelated Israeli Hunter families and have identified the IDS mutation in 8 of them. Three unrelated Ashkenazi patients had the same previously reported mutation (1246 C-->T). Based on the haplotypes of the mutation-bearing chromosomes, we concluded that this is a recurrent mutation. In two patients, we identified a deletion spanning exons V-VII. Three novel mutations were observed in different patients: L410P, 717de14, and 244de13. In addition, the silent mutation (562 C-->T) was observed in one patient.
Conformational analysis. 45. Syn-axial methyl/phenyl and gauche methyl/methyl interactions (1984)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTConformational analysis. 45. Syn-axial methyl/phenyl and gauche methyl/methyl interactionsMuthiah Manoharan and Ernest L. ElielCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1984, 106, 2, 367–372Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1984Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1984https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00314a021https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00314a021research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views320Altmetric-Citations9LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Genetic Variations in Shiga Toxin‐Producing Abilities of Bovine and Human Escherichia coli O157:H7 (2010)

Cattle are a primary reservoir of Escherichia coli O157:H7, a major foodborne pathogen. The organism causes haemorrhagic colitis which can lead to serious complications, including haemolytic-uraemic syndrome. Although E. coli O157:H7 is widely prevalent in cattle and cattle environments, the number of human cases remain relatively low, suggesting possible strain diversity and differences in virulence between human and bovine strains. Shiga toxins, Stx1 and Stx2, are the major virulence factors. Differences in Stx2 production between human and bovine strains have been demonstrated previously, and isolates possessing the stx2 gene, but not producing Stx2 [toxin non-producing (TNP) strains] have been identified. In this study, 150 isolates (56 human, 94 bovine) were tested by PCR for stx2 upstream regions associated with TNP and the Q933 gene, which has been previously associated with toxin production. A reverse passive latex agglutination test was used to evaluate 107 isolates (50 human, 57 bovine) for Stx1 and Stx2 production. The percentages of human and bovine isolates positive for presence of the TNP regions were similar (57.1% and 53.1% respectively), while a higher percentage of human isolates was positive for Q933 gene (89.3% versus 54.3%). Stx2 production of ≥ 1:8 was found in 86.0% of human isolates compared with 26.3% of bovine isolates. Bovine isolates with the presence of the TNP regions were associated with significantly lower Stx2 production (P < 0.05), while the Q933 gene was associated with higher Stx2 production (P < 0.05). However, the presence of the TNP region was not associated (P > 0.05) with low Stx2 production in human isolates. Therefore, Q933 was a better indicator of high Stx2 production by human and bovine isolates and may be a useful screening method to assess their potential to cause human disease.
A chill to the heart (2010)

This chapter focuses on various aspects of therapeutic hypothermia. Scientists and researchers are exploring new applications and devices that seek to save vital organs, particularly hearts and brains, from undergoing excessive damage after a heart has stopped and been restarted. Research is under way to make cooling more efficient by concentrating o n a specific organ of interest. A medical company is working on an endovascular regional cooler for the heart. Funded by Small Business Innovative Research grants from the National Institutes of Health and by angel investment, the technology seeks to rapidly cool heart tissue during emergency angioplasty. FocalCool is developing a new guide catheter called CoolGuide. CoolGuide maintains the functionality of standard guide catheters, providing coronary artery access for devices like angioplasty catheters and stents, while also delivering targeted chilled blood to heart tissue at risk. Researchers believe that therapeutic hypothermia can also improve lives by saving seemingly tiny amounts of tissue at risk, enabling vital organs to continue working well. Therapeutic hypothermia is an exciting and evolving field of medical care.
Affordable precursor flight experiments for ultra lightweight mirror technologies (1998)

As a follow-on to the spectacular success of the Hubble Space Telescope (HST), NASA is currently conducting pre-phase A studies of an even larger aperture telescope, called NGST (Next Generation Space Telescope), that will continue the phenomenal flow of astrophysical discoveries well into the next millennium. Because of the very large aperture required, current NGST concepts have been driven to elaborate schemes of foldable ultra thin and ultra light mirror segment systems that can be deployed on orbit. Due to the complexity of these optical systems, it is imperative that adequate demonstration experiments be flown to verify these new technology concepts before committing to the final design and implementation of the NGST. This paper presents a proposal for a very simple, inexpensive Hitchhiker flight experiment that will determine gravity release effects on very thin mirror segments made from current competitive materials. These experiments will provide the initial data that will be needed before more extensive demonstration flights of the NGST system can be flown.
A remarkable inversion of structure–activity dependence on imido N-substituents with varying co-ligand topology and the synthesis of a new borate-free zwitterionic polymerisation catalyst (2005)

Ethylene polymerisation productivities of tris(pyrazolyl)methane-supported catalysts [Ti(NR){HC(Me2pz)3}Cl2] show a dramatically different dependence on the imido R-group compared to those of their TACN analogues, attributed to differences in fac-N3 donor topology; when treated with AliBu3, the zwitterionic tris(pyrazolyl)methide compound [Ti(N-2-C6H4tBu){C(Me2pz)3}Cl(THF)] also acts as a highly active, single site catalyst (TACN = 1,4,7-trimethyltriazacyclononane).
Formation and Chemical Durability of Na-Si-O-N and Na-Al-Si-O-N Oxynitride Glasses (1992)

Using oxide glasses of compositions xNa2O⋅(100-x)SiO2 (x=20-50 in mol) and 40Na2O⋅(60-y)SiO2⋅yAl2O3 (y=5, 10 in mol) as base glass, Na-Si-O-N and Na-Al-Si-O-N oxynitride glasses were prepared by melting powder mixture of oxide glass and Si3N4 or AlN, and the effects of the base oxide glass composition on the glass forming ability, the amount of incorporated nitrogen and the chemical durability of oxynitride glasses were studied. It was found in Na-Si-O-N glasses that the lower Na2O content is favorable for the formation of nitrided glass, giving larger glass forming regions. Retained nitrogen content decreased with increasing Na2O content in Na-Si-O-N glasses and with increasing Al2O3 content in Na-Al-Si-O-N glasses. Chemical durabilily of Na-Si-O-N glass increased with increasing of nitrogen content for any Na2O content of the base glass. For Na-Al-Si-O-N system, however, nitrogen incorporation increased or decreased chemical durability, depending on the Al2O3 content and nitrogen content in the glasses or had no appreciable effect.
New drug targets in metastatic melanoma (2013)

Over the past 30 years, and despite extensive clinical research, the treatment options for metastatic melanoma have been limited. Single-agent and combination chemotherapy, hormonal therapy, biochemotherapy, immunotherapy, targeted agent therapy and combination regimes have failed to show significant improvement in overall survival. Recent advances and in-depth understanding of the biology of melanoma have contributed in the development of new agents and to a change in the consideration of melanoma as one of the most therapy-resistant malignancies. Since the discovery of activating mutations in the BRAF oncogene, there has been remarkable progress in the development of targeted therapies for unresectable and metastatic melanoma, with unprecedentedly high response rates. Inactivation of immune regulatory checkpoints that limit T cell responses to melanoma has provided clinically validated targets for cancer immunotherapy, resulting in durable tumour responses. The combination of both approaches may result in additional benefits. Here we discuss current molecular targeted treatment options, immunotherapy and promising ongoing research to develop new strategies to treat melanoma.
The Value of Preoperative Local Symptoms in Prognosis of Upper Tract Urothelial Carcinoma After Radical Nephroureterectomy: A Retrospective, Multicenter Cohort Study (2022)

Preoperative local symptoms were significantly associated with oncological outcomes, whereas symptomatic hydronephrosis and hematuria had opposite prognostic effects. Preoperative symptoms may provide additional information on risk stratification and perioperative treatment selection for patients with UTUC.
Evaluation of compressibility of pentaestergum coated aspirin microcapsules (1989)

We have earlier reported the usefulness of the pentaerythritol rosin ester (pentaestergum) as a coating material, its dissolution kinetics and in vivo release studies in dogs. The present communication deals with the compressibility of the pentaestergum-coated aspirin microcapsules. The microcapsules were prepared by the pan-coating method described earlier. These were compressed into the tablets using a single punch machine. The tablets were evaluated for hardness, friability loss, disintegration time and dissolution studies. The results showed that there were significant differences in the release characteristics from the microcapsules and the compressed tablets. The effect of 5 per cent starch as a disintegrating agent in the tablet formulation was also studied. The results showed that the tablets can be a suitable dosage form for pentaestergum-coated microcapsules to give a delayed drug release.
Fieldwork for Healthcare: Guidance for Investigating Human Factors in Computing (2015)

Conducting fieldwork for investigating technology use in healthcare is a challenging undertaking, and yet there is little in the way of community support and guidance for conducting these studies. There is a need for better knowledge sharing and resources to facilitate learning. This is the second of two volumes designed as a collective graduate guidebook for conducting fieldwork in healthcare. This volume brings together thematic chapters that draw out issues and lessons learned from practical experience. Researchers who have first-hand experience of conducting healthcare fieldwork collaborated to write these chapters. This volume contains insights, tips, and tricks from studies in clinical and non-clinical environments, from hospital to home. This volume starts with an introduction to the ethics and governance procedures a researcher might encounter when conducting fieldwork in this sensitive study area. Subsequent chapters address specific aspects of conducting situated healthcare research. Chapters on readying the researcher and relationships in the medical domain break down some of the complex social aspects of this type of research. They are followed by chapters on the practicalities of collecting data and implementing interventions, which focus on domain-specific issues that may arise. Finally, we close the volume by discussing the management of impact in healthcare fieldwork. The guidance contained in these chapters enables new researchers to form their project plans and also their contingency plans in this complex and challenging domain. For more experienced researchers, it offers advice and support through familiar stories and experiences. For supervisors and teachers, it offers a source of reference and debate. Together with the first volume, Fieldwork for Healthcare: Case Studies Investigating Human Factors in Computing systems, these books provide a substantive resource on how to conduct fieldwork in healthcare. Table of Contents: Preface / Acknowledgments / Ethics, Governance, and Patient and Public Involvement in Healthcare / Readying the Researcher for Fieldwork in Healthcare / Establishing and Maintaining Relationships in Healthcare Fields / Practicalities of Data Collection in Healthcare Fieldwork / Healthcare Intervention Studies In the Wild / Impact of Fieldwork in Healthcare: Understanding Impact on Researchers, Research, Practice, and Beyond / References / Biographies
Setting up TRAPS (2011)

Tumour necrosis factor (TNF) receptor-associated periodic syndrome (TRAPS) is a dominantly inherited autoinflammatory disease caused by heterozygous mutations in the TNFRSF1A gene encoding for the TNF receptor 1 (TNFR1). TRAPS is a multi-faceted and heterogeneous disease which commonly manifests as recurrent episodes of high fever accompanied by abdominal pain, pleurisy, migratory rash, and myalgia. Disease attacks occur spontaneously or may be elicited by minor triggers. Because of a vigorous and sustained acute-phase response it may be complicated by systemic AA amyloidosis. Therapeutically interleukin-1 blockade seems even more promising than TNF blockade. Studies on the pathogenesis of TRAPS have shown TNFα-dependent cellular signalling to be defective, an enigmatic finding considering the hyperinflammatory phenotype of the disease. Several studies indicate that most mutated receptors never reach the cell surface but are misfolded and trapped in the endoplasmic reticulum, where they may elicit an intracellular inflammatory response, and thus lead to constitutional expression of proinflammatory cytokines. The aim of this review is to describe the current understanding of the pathogenesis of TRAPS by integrating recent clinical and laboratory data.
Complications of Congenital Portosystemic Shunts in Children: Therapeutic Options and Outcomes (2010)

Congenital portosystemic shunt carries risks of severe complications in children. Closure of a shunt persisting after age 2 years should be considered preventively. Intrahepatic portal flux restoration can be expected, even when intrahepatic portal veins are extremely hypoplastic or undetectable.