gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Interpretation of Distributed Temperature Data During Injection Period in Horizontal Wells (2005)

Abstract This paper presents an analytical solution describing the variation of temperature along the length of a horizontal well, given an initial reservoir temperature and injection fluid temperature at the heel of the well. The solution can account for the variation of the heel temperature over time (e.g., decreasing heel temperature with injection time, which happens when a ‘cold’ fluid is injected into the wellbore, causing cooling along the well column, and decreasing heel temperature). The solution can also account for an arbitrary distribution of injection profile along the length of the well. This includes injection profile that is uniform, or is skewed towards the heel or the toe, or exhibits some discontinuity (e.g., leakoff into a high-permeability streak or fracture). The analytical solution is obtained from a theoretical treatment accounting for mass transfer from the wellbore into the reservoir, and heat transfer from the reservoir into the wellbore. The treatment is 1-D linear in the wellbore and 1-D radial in the reservoir. The solution is valid for ‘early-time’, that is, the period during which fluid propagation (mass transfer) is not affected by bed boundaries. This may represent a period of days to weeks. The solution can be used to generate the temperature profile in a horizontal injection well, for any assumed distribution of injection profile along the length of the well. The solution can also be used in the opposite sense, to infer the injection profile based on the observed temperature profile. Temperature profile in the wellbore can be measured with fiber optic Distributed Temperature Sensors (DTS). This paper presents the theory, the analytical solution, synthetic examples and a case study from a horizontal water injection well in the Middle East.
Relative Importance of Predictors in Multilevel Modeling (2014)

The Pratt index is a useful and practical strategy for day-to-day researchers when ordering predictors in a multiple regression analysis. The purposes of this study are to introduce and demonstrate the use of the Pratt index to assess the relative importance of predictors for a random intercept multilevel model.
Meeting Effectiveness and Inclusiveness in Remote Collaboration (2021)

A primary goal of remote collaboration tools is to provide effective and inclusive meetings for all participants. To study meeting effectiveness and meeting inclusiveness, we first conducted a large-scale email survey (N=4,425; after filtering N=3,290) at a large technology company (pre-COVID-19); using this data we derived a multivariate model of meeting effectiveness and show how it correlates with meeting inclusiveness, participation, and feeling comfortable to contribute. We believe this is the first such model of meeting effectiveness and inclusiveness. The large size of the data provided the opportunity to analyze correlations that are specific to sub-populations such as the impact of video. The model shows the following factors are correlated with inclusiveness, effectiveness, participation, and feeling comfortable to contribute in meetings: sending a pre-meeting communication, sending a post-meeting summary, including a meeting agenda, attendee location, remote-only meeting, audio/video quality and reliability, video usage, and meeting size. The model and survey results give a quantitative understanding of how and where to improve meeting effectiveness and inclusiveness and what the potential returns are. Motivated by the email survey results, we implemented a post-meeting survey into a leading computer-mediated communication (CMC) system to directly measure meeting effectiveness and inclusiveness (during COVID-19). Using initial results based on internal flighting we created a similar model of effectiveness and inclusiveness, with many of the same findings as the email survey. This shows a method of measuring and understanding these metrics which are both practical and useful in a commercial CMC system. By improving meeting effectiveness, companies can save significant time and money. Improving meeting inclusiveness is hypothesized to improve meeting effectiveness, but also improves the working environment and employee retention at organizations.
Optically Filtered Microwave Photonic Links for RF Signal Processing Applications (2011)

The performance of filtered analog photonic links, useful in signal processing applications, is analyzed along with techniques for compensation of distortion. We analyze the attributes of various link configurations and compare the performance of filtered coherent-detection links with intensity-modulated-direct-detection links. Experimental results on the dynamic range and the compensation of nonlinearities using predistortion compensation are presented for a filtered coherent link. We demonstrate suppression of third-order nonlinearity by 20 dB. In addition to supporting signal processing operations such as filtering and arbitrary intermediate frequency downconversion, at the same detected power, we find filtered coherent links to have up to 9 dB noise figure advantage over unfiltered direct-detection links, dependent on the limits of the operating optical power in the link.
Hydrogen in mechanically prepared nanostructured h-BN: a critical comparison with that in nanostructured graphite (2002)

Nanostructured h-BN was prepared by mechanical milling under hydrogen atmosphere. The hydrogen concentration reaches up to 2.6 mass% after milling for 80 h, and this value corresponds to ca. 35% of that of nanostructured graphite as was previously reported. In addition to the hydrogen desorption starting at about 570 K, nitrogen desorption was also detected at about 700 K. There was no recrystallization phenomenon at least below 1173 K. The dissimilarities on the (de-)hydriding properties between nanostructured h-BN and graphite might be due to the different local electronic structure near the specific defects.
Stacked Autoencoder-Based Intrusion Detection System to Combat Financial Fraudulent (2020)

With the rapid progress of wireless communication technologies along with their digital revolutions, the quantity of the Internet of Things (IoT) has been increased by manifolds, resulting in a huge increase in data volume and network traffic. It became easier for an intruder to pretend as a valid service provider, and generate different types of network attacks. This becomes even more severe when the service involves digital financial transactions for possible urbanization. This article proposes an intrusion detection system (IDS) based on a stacked autoencoder (AE) and a deep neural network (DNN). The stacked AE learns the features of the input network record in an unsupervised manner to decrease the feature width. Then, the DNN is trained in a supervised manner to extract deep-learned features for the classifier. In the proposed system, the stacked AE has two latent layers and the DNN has two or three layers, where each layer has a fully connected layer, a batch normalization, and a dropout. The system was evaluated on three publicly available data sets: 1) KDDCup99; 2) NSL-KDD; and 3) aegean Wi-Fi intrusion data sets. Experimental results exhibited that the proposed IDS achieved 94.2%, 99.7%, and 99.9% accuracy, respectively, for multiclass classification.
Conductivity and crystallization of amorphous selenium (1981)

The crystallization kinetics of flash evaporated amorphous selenium films are studied from conductivity measurements. The determination of the crystallization type: surface induced crystallization (SIC) or bulk induced crystallization (BIC), enables to determine the value of the parameters which characterise the crystallization. Les cinétiques de cristallisation du sélénium amorphe obtenu par évaporation flash sont étudiées par des mesures de conductivité à différentes températures. La détermination du type de cristallisation: induite en surface (SIC) ou en volume (BIC) nous a permis d'obtenir des ordres de grandeurs des paramètres qui caractérisent la cristallisation.
Flexible Textile Heartvalve Prosthesis: An In Vitro Evaluation (2004)

The hydrodynamic performances of fabric heartvalve protheses were measured and compared with other commercially available types of heartvalve prostheses. A prosthesis was manufactured by forming fabric to a geometry close to that of the native valve. In vitro performances of the prototype were evaluated using a pulse duplicator simulating the left side of the human circulatory system, with a 70 ml cardiac output at a constant heart rate of 70 beats/min under a mean diastolic pressure of 100 mmHg. Woven fabrics of different weaves, yarn structures (multifilaments and microfibres), saturation indexes, and rigidity were tested in terms of static and dynamic regurgitation, pressure drops across the valve, and dynamic behaviour. The results were found to be close to those expected for such a device and, in some respects (pressure drop), even better than those obtained with other prostheses in current use. The yarn structure and fabric saturation index seem to be important parameters in the development of a textile prosthesis. Thus, the tests showed that a plainweave structure with microfilament yarns and a reduced saturation index appears to be the fabric best suited for the valve application.
Current Impulses in the Lightning Protection System of a Test House in Poland (2015)

The full scale test house was equipped with the lightning protection system and connected to the 15 kV/400 V transformer station. The simulated stroke current was injected into the installation with a current surge generator. Distribution of current in the lightning protection system and connected power supply installation is presented. Measurements were done for several configurations of the LPS, and for current amplitudes ranging from 1 to 10 kA. The results indicated variation with both the amplitude and the shape of the waveforms. The resistance was measured for several groundings individually and for entire grounding system with respect to the surge generator location. Measured waveforms showed frequency-dependent behavior of the circuit. Therefore, in order to improve current simulation accuracy the grounding system impedance should be considered rather than pure resistance. The vertical ground rods of the test house have capacitive impedances, while the long underground cable connected to the grounding system of the transformer has inductive impedance.
The development of HDH process, a refiner's tool for residual upgrading (1990)

The vast reserves of heavy oils in Venezuela have given rise to research and development efforts aimed at fullest utilization of these reserves. The fact that these reserves, particularly located in eastern Venezuela, are accompanied by large reservoirs of natural gas, favored upgrading schemes based on hydrogen addition. A 1977-1984 research program explored four processes: (1) HDM/HDS in ebullated beds; (2) Deasphalting plus fixed-bed HDS; (3) Hydrovisbreaking; and (4) Hydrocracking in Slurry reactor (HDH). As a result, the HDH process was selected for further work; the HDH process produced higher conversion levels. As a result of that further work, the 1990 status of HDH is that a solid experimental and engineering basis exists for the hydrocracking, catalyst separation and hydrotreating stages, and no further R and D work is required. Basic design for the first commercial unit to be installed in the Cardow refinery is planned for 1990.
Morpholine-functionalized polycarbonate hydrogels for heavy metal ion sequestration (2012)

A new six-membered carbonate functionalized with 2-(morpholin-4-yl)ethyl was synthesized and copolymerized with a poly(ethylene oxide)-based cross-linker in a controlled, organocatalyzed ring-opening polymerization process. Well-defined functionalized aliphatic polycarbonate-based hydrogels were obtained with gel fractions reaching 99%. Moreover, the gels that contained 2-(morpholin-4-yl)ethyl groups revealed stimuli-responsive properties towards pH. In the meantime, swelling properties of the hydrogels were found to be reproducible and good stability was observed in the pH range of 4–7.2, while a relatively rapid degradation occurred in more basic solution (pH = 10). ICP MS measurements of aqueous lead(II) nitrate solutions revealed that the functionalized material possessed properties to withdraw and retain lead ions from aqueous solution.
Influence of Lunar Phases on Suicide: The End of a Myth? A Population‐Based Study (2005)

The hypothesis of lunar influence on suicide remains widespread, despite the fact that little scientific evidence to substantiate it. We conducted a population-based study to assess the influence of the lunar phases on suicides according to age, sex, and chosen method. The study included all suicides in Middle Franconia between 1998 and 2003. From a population-based sample of 3351 events, the files of 3054 suicides (1949 males and 1105 females) were complete for the study variables. Data were categorized by lunar phase, sex, age, and chosen method-"violent" vs. "non-violent" acts. No significant relationship was detected between the full, absent, and moon's interphases and suicide incidence. Nevertheless, there was a weak association between the absent moon and choice of a non-violent suicide method in men aged less than the median of 40.2 yrs. There was no evidence of a relationship between suicide and lunar phase. Some explanations for this phenomenon are discussed.
ESTABLISHING MATERIAL PROPERTIES FOR THIN ASPHALT CONCRETE SURFACES ON GRANULAR BASES. INTERIM REPORT (1985)

This report includes the results of an analytical study of thin asphalt pavements over flexible bases to define the engineering properties required for adequate performance. Since truck tire pressures have dramatically increased in recent years, included are the effects of the increased tire pressures on surface tensile strains, base shear stresses, and subgrade compressive strains. A finite element computer program developed for the FHWA was used to calculate vertical and horizontal surface shear pressure distribution for a bias ply truck tire inflated to both 75 and 125 psi. A series of ILLIPAVE computer runs was made to determine the horizontal tensile strains, lateral shear stresses, and vertical compressive strains for asphalt concrete surfaces 1, 1.5, 2, and 4 inches thick over 8- and 14-inch granular bases having three different moduli and a subgrade soil that is stress-sensitive with an initial modulus of 10 ksi. These results showed that some thin pavement structures cannot provide adequate service, and that design procedures must be upgraded to include materials more resistant to higher strains. To provide adequate service, these surfaces should be either flexible and thin on a stiff, thick base, or be stiff and thick.
Regulation of Sphingosine-1-phosphate Lyase Gene Expression by Members of the GATA Family of Transcription Factors (2005)

Sphingosine-1-phosphate is a bioactive sphingolipid that regulates proliferation, differentiation, migration, and apoptosis. Sphingosine-1-phosphate is irreversibly degraded by the highly conserved enzyme sphingosine-1-phosphate lyase. Recent studies have suggested that sphingosine-1-phosphate lyase expression affects animal development and cell fate decisions. Despite its crucial role, mechanisms affecting expression of sphingosine-1-phosphate lyase remain poorly understood. In this study, regulation of sphingosine-1-phosphate lyase gene expression was investigated in Caenorhabditis elegans, where lyase expression is spatially restricted to cells of the developing and adult gut and is essential for normal development. Deletion analysis and generation of transgenic worms combined with fluorescence microscopy identified a 350-nucleotide sequence upstream of the ATG start site necessary for maximal lyase expression in adult worms. Site-specific mutagenesis of a GATA transcription factor-binding motif in the promoter led to loss of reporter expression. Knockdown of the gut-specific GATA transcription factor ELT-2 by RNA interference similarly led to loss of reporter expression. ELT-2 interacted with the GATA factor-binding motif in vitro and was also capable of driving expression of a Caenorhabditis elegans lyase promoter-beta-galactosidase reporter in a heterologous yeast system. These studies demonstrate that ELT-2 regulates sphingosine-1-phosphate lyase expression in vivo. Additionally, we demonstrate that the human sphingosine-1-phosphate lyase gene is regulated by a GATA transcription factor. Overexpression of GATA-4 led to both an increase in activity of a reporter gene as well as an increase in endogenous sphingosine-1-phosphate lyase protein.
The Impact of Diamond Grain Size on Hydrogen Concentration, Bonding Configuration, and Electron Emission Properties of Polycrystalline‐Diamond Films (2008)

Abstract In the present work we review our recent studies of the incorporation of hydrogen and its bonding configuration in diamond films composed of diamond grains of varying size. Polycrystalline‐diamond films are deposited by three different methods; hot filament (HF), microwave (MW) and direct current glow discharge (DCGD)CVD. The size of the diamond grains which constitute the films varies in the following way; hundreds of nanometers in the case of HFCVD (“sub‐micrometer size”, ∼300 nm), tens of nanometers in the case of MWCVD (3–30 nm), and a few nanometers in the case of DCGDCVD (“ultra nanocrystalline diamond”, ∼5 nm). Raman spectroscopy (RS), secondary ion mass spectroscopy (SIMS), and high‐resolution electron energy loss spectroscopy (HREELS) are applied to investigate the hydrogen trapping in the films. The hydrogen retention of the diamond films increases with decreasing grain size, indicating the likelihood that hydrogen is bonded and trapped in grain boundaries, as well as on the internal grain surfaces. RS and HREELS analyses show that at least part of this hydrogen is bonded to sp 2 ‐ and sp 3 ‐hybridized carbon, thus giving rise to typical CH vibration modes. Both vibrational spectroscopies show the increase of sp 2 CH modes in transition from sub‐micrometer to ultra nanocrystalline grain size. The impact of diamond grain size on the shape of the RS and HREELS hydrogenated diamond spectra is discussed. In addition, the dependence of electron emission properties on film thickness and diamond grain size is reported.
Extensible multi‐primary control sequences (2012)

Abstract— In a display with more than three primaries (called a multi‐primary display), a color can be expressed as multiple combinations (called control sequences) of primaries. This paper presents an algorithm for assigning control sequences that preserves current assignments when further primaries are added. These control sequences are cal led extensible. It is shown that the gamut of any number of primaries is a zonohedron, which can be dissected into parallelepipeds. Control sequences are assigned within each parallelepiped. The current parallelepipeds remain when more primaries are added, so the current assignments are preserved. Multi‐primary displays can also cause unwanted metamerism and make continuous color scales appear discontinuous. The algorithm avoids these problems. When viewed through natural filters, such as yellowed ocular lenses, multi‐primary displays can sometimes make two different colors appear identical. If the primaries satisfy the Binet—Cauchy criterion, which is always the case when all primaries are monochromatic, then these spurious matches are avoided.
Abstract TP366: National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) is a Potent Predictor of Outcome in Acute Intracerebral Hemorrhage (2016)

Background: Although the NIHSS is a well-validated tool in assessing neurological deficit and predicting long-term outcome in acute cerebral ischemia, its utility in ICH has not been extensively studied. As NIHSS is routinely obtained in cases of stroke prior to imaging, it is often available in ICH patients to potentially assist physicians in triage, prognostication, and risk-adjustment. Methods: We analyzed consecutive patients enrolled in the NIH Field Administration of Stroke Therapy-Magnesium (FAST-MAG) phase 3 trial whose final diagnosis was ICH. Trained study nurses performed the NIHSS in the Emergency Department (ED) shortly after arrival and the modified Rankin Scale (mRS) at 90 days. Primary outcomes were disability or death (mRS 3-6) and mortality. Candidate potential predictor variables, including NIHSS, ICH Score, and GCS, those with threshold of p&lt;0.10 were candidate parameters for backward selection logistic regression to determine independent predictors of disability or death and of mortality. Results: Among the 384 ICH patients, age was mean 65 (±13); female 34%; race white 78%, black 10%, Asian 10%; Hispanic ethnicity 33%; and history of hypertension 78%. The ED NIHSS and GCS was performed a median 148 minutes (IQR 121-180) after last known well. Initial NIHSS was median 16 (IQR 9-16), GCS 15 (IQR 10-15), and ICH Score 1(IQR 0-2). NIHSS correlated with ICH Score (r=0.780) and GCS (r=0.860). At 90 days, median mRS was 4 (IQR 2-6), disability or death (mRS 3-6) was present in 70%, and mortality occurred in 26%. In predicting disability or death at 90 days, c statistics were: NIHSS 0.81, ICH Score 0.81, and GCS 0.72. NIHSS≥14 showed 72% sensitivity and 75% specificity. For mortality by 90 days, c statistics were: NIHSS 0.78, ICH Score 0.80, and GCS 0.73. NIHSS≥19 had 80% sensitivity and 70% specificity. On multivariate analysis age (OR 1.07, 95%CI 1.04-2.0) and NIHSS (OR 1.18, 95%CI 1.13-1.23) were independent predictors of disability and death. Conclusions: The initial NIHSS is a strong predictor of disability and death and good predictor of mortality after intracerebral hemorrhage, performing as well as the ICH Score and better than the GCS. Consideration should be given to routine performance and documentation of the NIHSS in ICH patients.
Body Composition, Blood Pressure, Blood Lipids, and Glucose according to Obesity Degree by Body Fat Percentage in Female University Students (2012)

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate body composition, blood pressure, blood lipids, and glucose according to obesity degree by body fat percentage in female university students. Methods: A total of 231 subjects were participated between July and December 2010. The anthropometric measures and blood analyzer were used. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, ANOVA, and Pearson's correlation coefficient with SPSS 18.0. Results: Percentage of body fat (PBF)-defined obesity had higher prevalence than body mass index (BMI)-defined obesity. Weight, BMI, PBF, fat mass, Waist to hip ratio (WHR), Systolic blood pressure (SBP), Diastolic blood pressure (DBP) in obesity group were higher than normal group and Soft lean mass and Low density lipoprotein (LDL) in obesity group were lower than normal group. There were significant correlations between PFB, SBP, DBP, Triglyceride (TC), High density lipoprotein (HDL), and LDL. Conclusion: In conclusion, when screening for obesity in female university students, body fat should be considered. It is needed to develop obesity management program according to obesity degree and to identify the effectiveness.
How Cognitive Machines Can Augment Medical Imaging (2018)

AI logistics solve radiology informatics workflow pain points. Imaging professionals and companies will drive health care AI technology insertion. Data science and computer science will jointly potentiate the impact of AI applications for medical imaging.