gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Studies on the Reactions of Heterocyclic Compounds. VIII. 1, 3-Dipolar Cycloaddition Reaction of Isoquinolinium Cyano (methoxycarbonyl)-methylide with Dimethyl Acetylenedicarboxylate : Structure and Reaction of the Adduct (1972)

1, 3-Dipolar cycloaddition of isoquinolinium cyano (methoxycarbonyl) methylide (V) and dimethyl acetylenedicarboxylate gave only one (VI) of the two possible primary adducts. Examination of the pyrolysis of this adduct revealed the structure of VI to have 10bhydrogen and 3-ester group in cis configuration. Heating of VI afforded 2, 3-dihydropyrroloisoquinoline (VIII), while its treatment with hydrogen chloride in benzene, followed by neutralization with potassium carbonate afforded the adduct (XIII) of two diastereoisomers (VIII and XIV). VIII was found to be unstable to acid and base, resulting in immediate hydrolysis of the ester group in its 3-position and decarboxylation to the diester (X). From the consideration of its reaction mechanism, the ester group in the 2- and 3-positions of VIII was determined to have a cis configuration and those in XIV, a trans configuration.
Etude et optimisation des interfaces fibre-matrice : cas de composites verre-PA6,6 à renfort continu (2017)

International audience
The association of metastasis with the expression of adhesion molecules in cell lines derived from human gastric cancer. (1997)

Peritoneal dissemination and hepatic metastasis commonly occur after patients with gastric cancer have undergone surgery. The presence of metastasis after surgery is sure to affect the prognosis of patients with gastric cancer. We conducted in vitro and in vivo studies to assess the role of adhesion molecules in this process, using 2 cell lines derived from human gastric cancer. Although both cell lines expressed several adhesion molecules to varying degrees, NUGC-4 cells, which disseminated early after inoculation into the abdominal cavity of nude mice accompanied by the formation of bloody ascitic fluid, predominantly expressed CD44H. However, MKN74 cells, which demonstrated hematogenous metastasis in the liver after inoculation into the spleen of nude mice, strongly expressed the sialyl Lewis(x) antigen (s-Le(x)), but did not express CD44H at all. When the binding of both these cancer cells to human umbilical vein endothelial cells was examined it was found that MKN74 cells adhered more strongly than NUGC-4 cells. The adhesion of cancer cells to endothelial cells was inhibited by treatment with antibodies against s-Le(x) and E-selectin. In the liver metastasis model of nude mice, treatment with anti-s-Le(x) antibodies significantly inhibited the development of MKN74 cell liver metastasis, both in the number of tumor nodules and in liver weight. NUGC-4 cells adhered to monolayers of mesothelial cells more strongly than MKN74 cells. The adhesion of NUGC-4 cells to these cells was partially inhibited by antibodies either against CD44H or the beta 1 subunit of integrin, but was completely blocked by a combination of these 2 antibodies. These antibodies markedly inhibited the dissemination of NUGC-4 cells in the peritoneal cavity of nude mice, and prolonged their mean survival time. These findings suggest that s-Le(x) and E-selectin mediate the adhesion of gastric cancer cells to endothelial cells, and CD44H and beta 1 integrin play important roles in the initial attachment of gastric cancer cells to mesothelial cells. It is possible that compounds that interfere with the function of cell adhesion molecules may decrease the incidence of gastric cancer metastasis.
An alternative computing strategy for genomic prediction using a Bayesian mixture model (2014)

Chen, L., Li, C. and Schenkel, F. 2015. An alternative computing strategy for genomic prediction using a Bayesian mixture model. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 95: 1–11. Bayesian methods for genomic prediction are commonly implemented via Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) sampling schemes, which are computationally demanding in large-scale applications. An alternative computing algorithm, called right-hand side updating strategy (RHSU), was proposed by exploiting the sparsity feature of the marker effects in a Bayesian mixture model. The new algorithm was compared with the conventional Gauss–Seidel residual update (GSRU) algorithm by the number of floating point operations (FLOP) required in one round of MCMC sampling. The two algorithms were also compared in a Holstein data example with the training data size varying from 1000 to 10 000 and a marker density of 35 790 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP). Results showed that the proposed RHSU algorithm would outperform the traditional GSRU algorithm when the sample size exceeded a fraction of the number of the SNPs, which typically varied from 0.05 to 0.18 when the proportion of SNPs with no effect on the trait varied from 0.90 to 0.95. Results from the Holstein data example agreed very well with theoretical expectations. With adoption of a 50 k SNP panel and an increasing training data size, RHSU would be very useful if Bayesian methods are preferable for genomic prediction.
Tribology research : from model experiment to industrial problem : a century of efforts in mechanics, materials science and physico-chemistry : proceedings of the 27th Leeds-Lyon Symposium on Tribology held in the Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon, Lyon, France, 5th-8th September, 2000 (2001)

Section Headings. Opening. Dynamic friction. Contact mechanics. Hydrodynamic lubrication. Wear. Friction: industrial applications. Tribochemistry. Grease lubrication. Third body. Test machines. Materials. Contact fatigue I. Elastohydrodynamic lubrication. Friction, abrasion and corrosion. Real area of contact. Contact fatigue II. Automotive tribology I. Soft materials. Numerical methods. Non-newtonian lubrication I. Non-newtonian lubrication II. Cracks. Automative tribology II. Nanotribology.
Self-Mixing Flow Sensor for Lung Surfactant Delivery (2020)

Lack of lung surfactant in preterm newborns leads to respirator distress, a major cause of death. Non-invasive medical cares are developed, based on real time measurement of flow surfactant instilled in the newborn. We propose a new optical flow sensor based on selfmixing interferometr, and develop a dedicated prototype for measuring surfactant flow rate in a small diameter duct.
IT FOR CREATIVITY IN PROBLEM FORMULATION (2009)

Creativity is fostered by distributed cognitive activity as individuals interact with artifacts and with each other, often with the aid of artifacts. In this design science research-in-progress, we describe a software artifact known as Theory Garden that was developed to facilitate distributed cognitive activity. We detail an experimental process through which we are assessing the potential for this artifact to facilitate creative outcomes in the context of problem formulation. The experiment involves two different phases: one that addresses managerial problem definition, and one that deals with the requirements processes of software development teams. We conclude with potential implications of this research, should we find evidence that Theory Garden software does support more creative outcomes.
ʼHiddenʼ endotoxin in plasma of patients with alcoholic liver disease (1993)

Objective: The results of several earlier studies suggest that previous methods used to determine endotoxin in the plasma of patients with acute or chronic liver disease fail to detect a substantial percentage of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) which is bound to plasma constituents. The aim of this study was to determine this 'hidden' fraction of LPS in the plasma of patients with alcoholic liver disease. Design and methods: LPS was determined in plasma samples from 43 patients with alcoholic liver disease (24 patients with cirrhosis and 14 with fatty liver or alcoholic hepatitis) and nine healthy controls using a chromogenic substrate test. The results obtained following standard pretreatment of the plasma by heating (method A) were compared with those following pretreatment by the addition of perchloric acid and dissolution of the precipitate by triethanolamine, a solvent for LPS, (method B) or addition of a detergent, Tween 80, after heating the plasma (method C). Results: Using the standard method (A), the groups with fatty liver or alcoholic hepatitis and the cirrhotics exhibited distinctly higher plasma LPS concentrations (16.5 ±4.8 and 12.3 ± 2 pg/ml, respectively) compared with those obtained in the controls (2.5 ± 0.5pg/ml; P < 0.01). The addition of Tween 80 (method C) resulted in a pronounced increase (P<0.01) in the concentration of LPS in patients with fatty liver or alcoholic hepatitis (52.1 ±13.3 pg/ml) and in cirrhotics (40.7 ± 8.1 pg/ml), while only a small increase was observed in controls (6.25 ±1.8 pg/ml). Using method B, a virtually identical increase in LPS concentration was observed in the cirrhotics (40.9 ± 4.7 pg/ml). The LPS concentrations revealed a significant negative correlation with the concentrations of HDL cholesterol, albumin and transferrin, three proteins which are capable of binding LPS in plasma. Conclusion: Plasma of patients with both mild and advanced alcoholic liver disease contains distinctly higher LPS concentrations than previously supposed.
Bounds on packings of spheres in the Grassmann manifold (2002)

We derive the Gilbert-Varshamov and Hamming bounds for packings of spheres (codes) in the Grassmann manifolds over R and C. Asymptotic expressions are obtained for the geodesic metric and projection Frobenius (chordal) metric on the manifold.
Solubilization of the Starch-Granule-Bound Starch Synthase of Normal Maize Kernels (1983)

The starch-granule-bound starch synthase from Zea mays has been solubilized with a recovery of between 50 and 84%. Chromatography of the solubilized enzyme on DEAE-Sepharose resolves two fractions of activity which may be distinguished by their response to citrate. Neither solubilized isoenzyme displays any significant activity with UDPglucose.
In vivo immunosuppression by pan-T cell antibodies relates to their isotype and to their C1q uptake. (1987)

There is considerable interest in the use of monoclonal anti-T cell antibodies for immunosuppression during organ transplantation. However, the in vitro cytotoxic titers of these monoclonal reagents do not correlate with their immunosuppressive potency when injected in vivo. A relationship nevertheless seems to exist between immunosuppression and the isotype of anti-mouse Thy-1 antibodies, because among several anti-Thy-1 antibodies of mouse and rat origin, the only two found to cause immunosuppression in vivo belonged to the rat IgG2b and mouse IgG2a isotype. We show here that a quantitative positive correlation exists between an antibody-induced humoral effector mechanism and immunosuppression. We measured the uptake of the C1q complement subunit by polyclonal rabbit and rat anti-thymocyte globulin and also seven monoclonal anti-Thy-1 antibodies in an immunohistochemical assay or a radioimmunoassay. Immunosuppression was studied in a murine graft-vs-host and skin allograft model. Our results suggest strongly that a stable association between the C1 protein and a potential binding antibody is an essential prerequisite of antibody-dependent cell inhibition in vivo that suppresses the immunoresponse against strongly incompatible transplantation antigens.
Machine Learning Approaches for Pressure Injury Prediction (2021)

Pressure Injuries are localized damages to the skin caused by sustained pressure. It is a common yet preventable disease affecting millions of patients. While there are multiple scales to determine if a patient has pressure injury, these methods suffer from high inter-rater subjectivity. To address this problem we create predictive models for pressure injury using Centers for Medicare Medicaid Services claims data. The models show relatively good predictive performance, we also explore aspects of the model where they will be deployed in a real world clinical settings.
Targeting the extra domain A of fibronectin for cancer therapy with CAR-T cells (2022)

These results suggest that targeting the tumor-specific fibronectin splice variant EDA with CAR-T cells is feasible and offers a therapeutic option that is applicable to different types of cancer.
Publisher’s Note: Exclusive initial-state-radiation production of theDD¯,D*D¯, andD*D¯*systems [Phys. Rev. D79, 092001 (2009)] (2009)

TEST 02 - Elsevier's Scopus, the largest abstract and citation database of peer-reviewed literature. Search and access research from the science, technology, medicine, social sciences and arts and humanities fields.
Media discourse and perception of game regulatory issues (2019)

This study examines how the issue of game regulation has been discussed and influenced public perception by exploring ideologically differing media outlets’ distinct uses of frames by analyzing news contents (N = 1,217) and public opinion survey of the national sample of Korean gamers (N = 1,362), who play games currently. The analyses include the influence of media on attitudes toward game regulation, perception of games, and frame adoption, based on the results of news content analysis. The study found that (a) mainstream media was ambivalent about game issues and tended to define gaming and gamers in sensationalistic ways; (b) while the dynamics of media effects on public attitudes toward game regulation are complex, exposure to game-related news content significantly impacted public attitudes; mass media that highlight the negative aspects of games have strong impacts on public perception toward games, which may ultimately affect attitudes toward game regulation.
A 3D human brain–like tissue model of herpes-induced Alzheimer’s disease (2020)

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder that causes cognitive decline, memory loss, and inability to perform everyday functions. Hallmark features of AD-including generation of amyloid plaques, neurofibrillary tangles, gliosis, and inflammation in the brain-are well defined; however, the cause of the disease remains elusive. Growing evidence implicates pathogens in AD development, with herpes simplex virus type I (HSV-1) gaining increasing attention as a potential causative agent. Here, we describe a multidisciplinary approach to produce physiologically relevant human tissues to study AD using human-induced neural stem cells (hiNSCs) and HSV-1 infection in a 3D bioengineered brain model. We report a herpes-induced tissue model of AD that mimics human disease with multicellular amyloid plaque-like formations, gliosis, neuroinflammation, and decreased functionality, completely in the absence of any exogenous mediators of AD. This model will allow for future studies to identify potential downstream drug targets for treating this devastating disease.
[Bronchial asthma]. (2009)

Bronchial asthma is a disorder characterized by airway inflammation, airway hyperresponsiveness, and reversible airway obstruction. The most important therapy is the treatment of airway inflammation (controller), and subsequently use of bronchodilator as needed (reliever). The most effective controller is inhaled steroids, and most convenient reliever is inhaled rapid-acting beta2 agonists. The strategy for asthma therapy is to understand how to use which kind of drug.
Microwave-Assisted Fabrication of Carbon Nanotube AFM Tips (2010)

A new, fast, alternative approach for the fabrication of carbon nanotube (CNT) atomic force microscopy (AFM) tips is reported. Thereby, the tube material is grown on the apex of an AFM tip by utilizing microwave irradiation and selective heating of the catalyst. Reaction times as short as three minutes allowed the fabrication of CNT AFM tips in a highly efficient process. This method represents a promising approach toward a cheaper, faster, and straightforward synthesis of CNT AFM tips.
Cellulase Activity of Leishmania major in the Sandfly Vector and in Culture (1997)

The secretion of cellulose-degrading enzymes by Leishmania promastigotes in culture and in the sandfly vector was demonstrated. Two types of activity of cellulase enzyme-complexes were measured: endoglucanases, which randomly cleave cellulose chains and cellobioydrolases, which remove cellobiose from the nonreducing end of the molecule. The assays demonstrated that enzymes with these activities were secreted into the culture medium by Leishmania major, L. donovani, and L. braziliensis. These activities were also found in cultures of Sauroleishmania agamae, Leptomonas seymouri, Herpetomonas muscarum, Crithidia fasciculata and Trypanosoma brucei brucei that had a relatively low endoglucanase activity. Both endoglucanase and cellobiohydrolase activities were found in the gut of L. major-infected Phlebotomus papatasi, while gut preparations of uninfected sandflies had only cellobiohydrolase activity. The similar growth of L. major parasites in medium supplemented with either cellulose or glucose suggests these parasites can utilize cellulose.
Front Matter: Volume 8874 (2013)

This PDF file contains the front matter associated with SPIE Proceedings Volume 8874, including the Title Page, Copyright information, Table of Contents, Introduction (if any), and Conference Committee listing.
Study of the Surface of Ice, Ice/Solid and Ice/Liquid Interfaces with Scanning Force Microscopy (1997)

Contact mode of scanning force microscopy (SFM) and force curves (FC) were used to study the morphology of ice surface in air and in liquid decane and the structure and some physical properties of the interfaces between ice and Si and Si3N4 cantilever tips in the temperature range from −0.4 to −20 °C. Evidence for a liquid-like layer on the ice surface came from observation of capillary forces that act on cantilever tips. Intensive mass transport along the ice surface was found at T ≥ −14 °C. The FCs were used to determine the adhesion strength of ice to Si and Si3N4 cantilever tips, the corresponding interfacial energies, the thickness of a liquid-like layer, and the density of an electric charge acquired by the tips from the ice surface.
Eigen-based traffic sign recognition (2011)

This study&apos;s purpose is to introduce eigen-based traffic sign recognition. This technique is based on invoking the principal component analysis (PCA) algorithm to choose the most effective components of traffic sign images to classify an unknown traffic sign. A set of weights are computed from the most effective eigen vectors of the traffic sign. By using the Euclidean distance, unknown traffic sign images are then classified. The approach was tested on two different databases of traffic sign&apos;s borders and speed limit pictograms that were extracted automatically from real-world images. A classification rate of 96.8 and 97.9% was achieved for these two databases. To check the robustness of this approach, non-traffic sign objects and occluded signs were invoked. A performance of 71% was achieved when occluded signs are used. When signs were rotated 10 degrees around their centre, the performance became 89% when traffic signs&apos; outer shapes were used and for rotated speed limit pictograms the result was 80%.
Nanoscale topography control for the fabrication of advanced diffractive optics (2003)

Gray-scale electron beam lithography has been used to create high-efficiency (63%, output normalized) blazed gratings suitable for use at extreme ultraviolet (EUV) wavelengths (i.e., 13.4 nm). The total blaze height at these wavelengths is ≈7 nm. The surface topography was generated in a single processing step in hydrogen silsesquioxane (HSQ). This material converts to SiO2 upon exposure and forms a robust substrate for subsequent operations, unlike conventional organic resists. The HSQ is overcoated with a Mo/Si multilayer to provide reflectivity at EUV wavelengths. The grating efficiency is determined by the fidelity of the profile to the ideal and by the surface roughness of the HSQ. A region of the resist response curve was identified that enabled sufficient topography to be generated while maintaining the surface roughness of the resist below 2.5 nm root mean square. Large area (0.5×2.0 mm2) gratings were fabricated, and the resulting dose profile was adjusted during the course of the exposure to compensate for observed delay-time/reciprocity effects in HSQ.
T-cell triggering thresholds are modulated by the number of antigen within individual T-cell receptor clusters (2011)

T cells react to extremely small numbers of activating agonist peptides. Spatial organization of T-cell receptors (TCR) and their peptide-major histocompatibility complex (pMHC) ligands into microclusters is correlated with T-cell activation. Here we have designed an experimental strategy that enables control over the number of agonist peptides per TCR cluster, without altering the total number engaged by the cell. Supported membranes, partitioned with grids of barriers to lateral mobility, provide an effective way of limiting the total number of pMHC ligands that may be assembled within a single TCR cluster. Observations directly reveal that restriction of pMHC content within individual TCR clusters can decrease T-cell sensitivity for triggering initial calcium flux at fixed total pMHC density. Further analysis suggests that triggering thresholds are determined by the number of activating ligands available to individual TCR clusters, not by the total number encountered by the cell. Results from a series of experiments in which the overall agonist density and the maximum number of agonist per TCR cluster are independently varied in primary T cells indicate that the most probable minimal triggering unit for calcium signaling is at least four pMHC in a single cluster for this system. This threshold is unchanged by inclusion of coagonist pMHC, but costimulation of CD28 by CD80 can modulate the threshold lower.
Other sensors and systems for aviation weather (1999)

There is the need for additional instrumentation which would be more widely distributed and be cost-effective for providing the basic aviation significant weather information, if necessary over limited areas. These can supplement Doppler radar data where their effective areas overlap with the radars, and can form an independent source of weather information about wind shear and shifts where Doppler radar support is not available. A number of such sensing instrument systems have been developed, and some of the important ones will be covered in this chapter.
A New Data Encryption Algorithm Based on the Location of Mobile Users (2007)

The wide spread of WLAN and the popularity of mobile devices increases the frequency of data transmission among mobile users. However, most of the data encryption technology is location-independent. An encrypted data can be decrypted anywhere. The encryption technology cannot restrict the location of data decryption. In order to meet the demand of mobile users in the future, a location-dependent approach, called location-dependent data encryption algorithm (LDEA), is proposed in this paper. A target latitude/longitude coordinate is determined firstly. The coordinate is incorporated with a random key for data encryption. The receiver can only decrypt the ciphertext when the coordinate acquired from GPS receiver is matched with the target coordinate. However, current GPS receiver is inaccuracy and inconsistent. The location of a mobile user is difficult to exactly match with the target coordinate. A toleration distance (TD) is also designed in LDEA to increase its practicality. The security analysis shows that the probability to break LDEA is almost impossible since the length of the random key is adjustable. A prototype is also implemented for experimental study. The results show that the ciphertext can only be decrypted under the restriction of TD. It illustrates that LDEA is effective and practical for data transmission in mobile environment.