gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Determination of Temperature Dependence of Electrical Conductivity and Its Relationship with Ionic Strength of Anaerobic Digester Supernatant, for Struvite Formation (2009)

Electrical conductivity (EC) is used for monitoring different types of aqueous systems. The measured EC value at any temperature needs to be corrected for a standard temperature, for reporting or comparison, since EC is dependent on temperature. A temperature compensation factor has been derived for conductivity correction from anaerobic digester supernatant/centrate samples of five different wastewater treatment plants in western Canada. For a temperature compensation factor of 0.0198°C−1, corresponding to the standard temperature at 25°C, the estimated EC25 values were found to be reasonably accurate, with a maximum error of 2.01%. The estimated EC values, based on any standard temperature, were found to be statistically similar to each other. Considering the temperature dependence of EC, a relationship between EC and ionic strength was developed in this study for anaerobic digester supernatant/centrate samples. This relationship can be used to estimate the ionic strength of the solution in a system associated with struvite formation from anaerobic digester supernatant/centrate and effectively monitor the system performance.
Les retranchements du Cap d'Erquy : Fouilles de 1967 du Fossé Catuélan (1968)

Giot P R, Briard Jacques, Avery M. Les retranchements du Cap d'Erquy : Fouilles de 1967 du Fossé Catuélan. In: Annales de Bretagne. Tome 75, numéro 1, 1968. pp. 67-84.
Pericardial Left Ventricular Assist Device (PALVAD) development via large animal and cadaveric models (2020)

Abstract Background Cardiogenic shock complicates around 8% of acute myocardial infarctions with a significant short term mortality of 35–50%. Traditional mechanical circulatory support can improve cardiac output (CO) however they have significant adverse event profiles related to their position within the circulation, including but not limited to infection, stroke and embolism. PALVAD is an extra circulatory left ventricular assist device, designed to be implanted percutaneously., It provides cardiac support whilst sitting outside the circulatory system in the space between the pericardium and left ventricular (LV) free wall. The dual balloon system connects to an external pumping system via a drive line. The actuator balloon augments CO through ECG gated LV systolic compression and the positioning balloon sits against the pericardial surface dissipating this force across a large surface. Purpose Assess device efficacy in a low CO state in a non-recovery porcine model. Understand device interactions with the left ventricle and pericardium in a cadaveric model. Methodology Non-recovery porcine model experiments were conducted in three 40k-50g pigs at a large animal catheterisation facility. An Esmolol infusion was titrated to create a low output state. A Millar catheter was placed in the LV for simultaneous pressure and volume measurements and a Transonic flow probe was placed around the internal carotid for flow measurements. The device was inserted percutaneously and operated for a total of 4.7 hrs. For cadaveric experiments the device was inserted into a Thiel embalmed saline perfused cadaver following which detailed CT and MRI imaging was undertaken. Results When target reduction in cardiac output was met PALVAD increased systolic pressure by 34%, stroke volume by 54%, CO by 53% and flow by 53%. There was no macroscopic evidence of epicardial or pericardial damage. Cadaveric imaging further informed optimal positioning of the device in relation to the LV free wall. Conclusions PALVAD performance during low CO state in non-recovery porcine experiments is promising. Further recovery experiments, including histology assessment, are planed to evaluate safety and efficacy with longer term use to guide optimisation towards the eventual aim of a first-in-man trial. Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding source: Public grant(s) – National budget only. Main funding source(s): British Heart Foundation Translational Research Grant
Acute-Onset Postoperative Herpetic Endophthalmitis: A Case Report (2023)

Herpes simplex virus uveitis without corneal reactivation is more frequent than previously thought. Although herpes simplex virus has been implicated as a cause of postoperative uveitis and endophthalmitis, it has not been reported as a cause of acute postoperative endophthalmitis within the early postoperative period, specifically within one week following cataract extraction. A 55-year-old man with vascularized irregular central disc-shaped stromal corneal opacity with complicated cataracts underwent cataract surgery. Intraoperatively, there was posterior capsular rent, requiring anterior vitrectomy. On postoperative day three, the patient had an increase in inflammation in the anterior chamber (grade 4+) with marked vitreous haze (grade 4). Vitreous taps were negative for bacteria and fungi, and despite intravitreal injections of vancomycin and ceftazidime, the patient had worsening of inflammation with increasing exudates and the appearance of the fibrinous membrane in the anterior chamber. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) of aqueous and vitreous samples at this point of time yielded positive serology for herpes viral DNA, and the patient was started on oral valacyclovir. The ocular inflammation resolved soon after switching to oral valacyclovir. Typical acute postoperative endophthalmitis starts two to seven days after surgery, and the most common isolate in vitreous biopsies is coagulase-negative staphylococci. We report a rare case of acute-onset herpetic endophthalmitis presenting within 72 hours following cataract surgery for a complicated cataract in a patient with a history of pre-existing healed viral keratitis. Our case highlights that a suspicion of viral endophthalmitis should be kept in mind as a cause of acute-onset post-cataract surgery endophthalmitis, especially in cases of surgery that fail to yield a positive result on Gram's stain, culture or PCR for bacteria and fungi.
Cardiorespiratory‐resolved magnetic resonance imaging: Measuring respiratory modulation of cardiac function (2006)

A technique for cardiac- and respiratory-resolved MRI is described. A retrospectively gated-segmented acquisition scheme similar to that used in conventional cine cardiac imaging was used to collect image data that spanned both the cardiac and respiratory cycles. Raw k-space data were regridded in a cardiorespiratory phase space to allow image reconstruction at target cardiac and respiratory phases. The approach can be applied with various k-space trajectories and pulse sequences, and was implemented in this study with both a Cartesian steady-state free precession (SSFP) sequence and a radial phase-contrast (PC) pulse sequence. Free-breathing short-axis SSFP images of the heart were reconstructed at multiple respiratory and cardiac phases to illustrate separation of cardiac and respiratory motion without artifacts. A respiratory-resolved radial PC experiment was used to quantify the volumetric flow rates in the inferior vena cava (IVC), pulmonary artery (PA), and aorta (Ao) in five free-breathing normal volunteers and a positive-pressure ventilated dog. Total flow (ml/min) in each vessel was quantified as a function of respiratory phase (peak/minimum output = 1.85 +/- 0.29 (IVC), 1.36 +/- 0.15 (PA), 1.24 +/- 0.09 (Ao)). Peak flow occurred during inspiration for the IVC and PA, and during expiration for the Ao, and there was a complete pattern reversal for the positive-pressure ventilated dog.
Penrose tiles to trapdoor ciphers (1988)

Offers puzzles and problems dealing with logic, fractals, negative numbers, topology, and geometry.
Lidocaine Plasma Concentrations Following Administration of Intraoral Lidocaine Solution (1985)

Seventeen healthy male volunteers received 15 mL of 2% solution (300 mg) of lidocaine hydrochloride every three hours for eight consecutive doses. Modes of administration were as follows: (A) each dose washed throughout the oral cavity, then spit out without swallowing; (B) each dose washed, then swallowed; and (C) each dose swallowed directly. Plasma levels of lidocaine and its two metabolites (monoethylglycinexylidide [MEGX] and glycinexylidide [GX]) were measured during and after the period of dosage. In trial A, levels of all three compounds were very low, in no case exceeding 0.3 microgram/mL. During trial C, the mean peak levels of lidocaine and MEGX, respectively, were 0.5 and 0.6 microgram/mL after the first dose, and 0.8 and 1.3 microgram/mL after the eighth dose. Both compounds were essentially undetectable by 12 hours after the last dose. Levels in trial B were very similar to those in trial C. Thus, recommended topical oral cavity use of 2% lidocaine leads to negligible systemic levels of lidocaine and metabolites. Even when doses are swallowed, systemic levels do not approach a toxic range.
MicroRNA profiling of multiple sclerosis lesions identifies modulators of the regulatory protein CD47 (2009)

We established microRNA profiles from active and inactive multiple sclerosis lesions. Using laser capture microdissection from multiple sclerosis lesions to pool single cells and in vitro cultures, we assigned differentially expressed microRNA to specific cell types. Astrocytes contained all 10 microRNA that were most strongly upregulated in active multiple sclerosis lesions, including microRNA-155, which is known to modulate immune responses in different ways but so far had not been assigned to central nervous system resident cells. MicroRNA-155 was expressed in human astrocytes in situ, and further induced with cytokines in human astrocytes in vitro. This was confirmed with astrocyte cultures from microRNA-155-|-lacZ mice. We matched microRNA upregulated in phagocytically active multiple sclerosis lesions with downregulated protein coding transcripts. This converged on CD47, which functions as a 'don't eat me' signal inhibiting macrophage activity. Three microRNA upregulated in active multiple sclerosis lesions (microRNA-34a, microRNA-155 and microRNA-326) targeted the 3'-untranslated region of CD47 in reporter assays, with microRNA-155 even at two distinct sites. Our findings suggest that microRNA dysregulated in multiple sclerosis lesions reduce CD47 in brain resident cells, releasing macrophages from inhibitory control, thereby promoting phagocytosis of myelin. This mechanism may have broad implications for microRNA-regulated macrophage activation in inflammatory diseases.
AVXS-101 Phase 1 Gene Therapy Clinical Trial in SMA Type 1: Experience with pre-existing anti-AAV9 antibody in the SMA1 population (S13.001) (2017)

Spinal muscular atrophy is a devastating, monogenic neurodegenerative disease that in its most severe form, SMA Type 1 (SMA1), afflicted children die or require permanent-ventilation by 2 years of age. In this study, SMA1 infants were treated with a gene therapy, AVXS-101, designed to deliver a human transgene via an AAV9 viral vector to replace the missing or defective SMN1 gene. Population studies have suggested low-seropositivity to AAV9 in pediatric/young adult populations with increasing sero-positivity to AAV9 >age 40. Here we report our experience with anti-AAV9 antibodies in the SMA1 infant population.
SU-FF-T-594: Effect of IGRT Motivated Margin Reduction in Postprostatectomy IMRT Plans (2009)

Purpose: Image-guided radiation therapy (IGRT) aims at reducing treatment margins without compromising clinical outcome. The dosimetric impact of margin reduction associated with a specific localization technique can be evaluated by planning patients with different margin specifications. The following presents such an analysis for a group of postprostatectomy patients. Method and Materials: Fourteen patients underwent computed tomography based simulation. The CTV was contoured by a single physician following RTOG guidelines. The patients were subsequently planned with Eclipse (Varian Medical Systems) using the AAA algorithm. Three sets of CTV-to-PTV margins were used, which were within RTOG 0534 protocol guidelines: 15 mm in all directions except 8 mm posteriorly (15/8 mm), 11 mm in all directions except 7 mm posteriorly (11/7 mm) and 8 mm in all directions except 6 mm posteriorly (8/6 mm). The IMRT plans achieved the same target coverage. Dose-volume histogram (DVH) statistics were extracted for the bladder and rectum and compared for the different margin sets. Results: In all cases the organ at risk volumes receiving a certain threshold dose diminishes as the margin gets reduced. The overlap between the bladder and rectum with the PTV sets boundaries to the achievable plan statistics. On average there is a ∼2% reduction of the volume receiving a 40–65 Gy for the bladder for each mm the margin is decreased and a ∼5%/mm reduction for the volume receiving 50–70 Gy for the rectum. Conclusion: This analysis provides a quantitative description of the possible reduction in rectum and bladder doses that can be achieved with reduced setup margins for IMRT postprostatectomy patients. This also shows that acceptable plan statistics could not be achieved when following RTOG guidelines. Conflict of Interest: This research was funded in part by a grant from Varian Medical Systems.
Theoretical study of the influence of a heterogeneous activity distribution on intratumoral absorbed dose distribution (2004)

Radioimmunotherapy of hematopoeitic cancers and micrometastases has been shown to have significant therapeutic benefit. The treatment of solid tumors with radionuclide therapy has been less successful. Previous investigations of intratumoral activity distribution and studies on intratumoral drug delivery suggest that a probable reason for the disappointing results in solid tumor treatment is nonuniform intratumoral distribution coupled with restricted intratumoral drug penetrance, thus inhibiting antineoplastic agents from reaching the tumor's center. This paper describes a nonuniform intratumoral activity distribution identified by limited radiolabeled tracer diffusion from tumor surface to tumor center. This activity was simulated using techniques that allowed the absorbed dose distributions to be estimated using different intratumoral diffusion capabilities and calculated for tumors of varying diameters. The influences of these absorbed dose distributions on solid tumor radionuclide therapy are also discussed. The absorbed dose distribution was calculated using the dose point kernel method that provided for the application of a three-dimensional (3D) convolution between a dose rate kernel function and an activity distribution function. These functions were incorporated into 3D matrices with voxels measuring 0.10 x 0.10 x 0.10 mm3. At this point fast Fourier transform (FFT) and multiplication in frequency domain followed by inverse FFT (iFFT) were used to effect this phase of the dose calculation process. The absorbed dose distribution for tumors of 1, 3, 5, 10, and 15 mm in diameter were studied. Using the therapeutic radionuclides of 131I, 186Re, 188Re, and 90Y, the total average dose, center dose, and surface dose for each of the different tumor diameters were reported. The absorbed dose in the nearby normal tissue was also evaluated. When the tumor diameters exceed 15 mm, a much lower tumor center dose is delivered compared with tumors between 3 and 5 mm in diameter. Based on these findings, the use of higher beta-energy radionuclides, such as 188Re and 90Y is more effective in delivering a higher absorbed dose to the tumor center at tumor diameters around 10 mm.
Differential effects of Cbl and 70Z/3 Cbl on T cell receptor‐induced phospholipase Cγ‐1 activity (2000)

We demonstrate that the differential effects Cbl and oncogenic 70Z/3 Cbl have on Ca(2+)/Ras-sensitive NF-AT reporters is partially due to their opposing ability to regulate phospholipase Cgamma1 (PLCgamma1) activation as demonstrated by analysis of the activation of an NF-AT reporter construct and PLCgamma1-mediated inositol phospholipid (PI) hydrolysis. Cbl over-expression resulted in reduced T cell receptor-induced PI hydrolysis, in the absence of any effect on PLCgamma1 tyrosine phosphorylation. In contrast, expression of 70Z/3 Cbl led to an increase in basal and OKT3-induced PLCgamma1 phosphorylation and PI hydrolysis. These data indicate that Cbl and 70Z/3 Cbl differentially regulate PLCgamma1 phosphorylation and activation. The implications of these data on the mechanism of Cbl-mediated signaling regulation are discussed.
Social Problems and their Solutions through Al Noor Letters of Badie Al Zaman Al Nawrasi (2013)

This study aimes to introduce AL Nourasi's lucubration in Rasayel AL Noor and his approach that deals with social problems by explaning their concept, sorts, explaining trends and ways of treatment. This study illustrates models of social problems which are studied in details by AL Nourasi. He explained their items, concepts and reason in dealing with many social problems such as: imitation, luxury, violence, poverty, racism and tyranny. The two researchers have used the Analytic Descriptive Approach that illustrates the phonemenon of social problems and their analysis by studying social problem texts written in Rasayel AL Noor in order to elicit his approach in treating the problems. The most important result of this study is that a social problem, whether it is a case or phenomenon, contradicts with stable Islamic values and affects on society negatively. AL Nourasi has used practical steps in his approach by using all possible means. Therefore, he had his distinct approach in treating society and individual problems.
Monte Carlo study on the impact of timing resolution on PET image quality (2009)

1511 Objectives The goal of this study was to evaluate the impact of timing resolution on image quality in PET scanners using GATE Monte Carlo simulations of a cylindrical phantom. Changes in contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) and background variance under various conditions were studied as a function of timing resolution. Methods GATE simulations modeling a Philips Gemini-TF PET scanner with near-perfect timing resolution were done for a cylindrical phantom (300 mm diameter, 98 mm long, 10.9 Bq/mm3 ) with a hot sphere (60 mm diameter, 72 Bq/mm3) insert. Gaussian noise was added to simulated TOF values corresponding to different timing resolution ranging upto 1200 ps. We investigated the effect of both true and scattered coincidences but random coincidences were filtered out from the data. The resulting list-mode files were reconstructed with the clinical Philips reconstruction protocol and the variation in the contrast-to-noise ratio, background variance and spatial contrast was studied.	 Results As expected, the CNR for trues only data is higher than that with trues and scatters. The spatial contrast was not affected by timing resolution whilethe background variance decreased monotonically with decreasing timingresolution. We observed that CNR increases with decreasing timing resolution and that lowering the timing resolution from 600 to 400 ps increases the CNR by a factor of 1.15 and lowering it from 400 to 200 ps changes CNR gain to 1.21. Conclusions The CNR was observed to increase monotonically with decreasing timingresolution, but less dramatically than simple theoretical predictions.
Supplementary Figure 4 from Ionizing Radiation Activates the Nrf2 Antioxidant Response (2023)

Supplementary Figure 4 from Ionizing Radiation Activates the Nrf2 Antioxidant Response
Novel cellular systems unveil mucosal melanoma initiating cells and a role for PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway in mucosal melanoma fitness. (2023)

Abstract Background: Mucosal Melanomas (MM) are highly aggressive neoplasms arising from mucosal melanocytes. Current treatments offer a limited survival benefit for patients with advanced MM; moreover, the lack of pre-clinical cellular systems has significantly limited the understanding of their immunobiology. Methods: Five novel cell lines were obtained from patient-derived biopsies of MM arising in the sino-nasal mucosa and designated as SN-MM1-5. The morphology, ultrastructure and melanocytic identity of SNMM cell lines were validated by transmission electron microscopy and immunohistochemistry. Moreover, in vivo tumorigenicity of SN-MM1-5 was tested by subcutaneous injection in NOD/SCID mice. Molecular characterization of SN-MM cell lines was performed by a mass-spectrometry proteomic approach, and their sensitivity to PI3K chemical inhibitor LY294002 was validated by Akt activation, measured by pAkt(Ser473) and pAkt(Thr308) in immunoblots, and MTS assay. Results: This study reports the validation and functional characterization of five newly generated SN-MM cell lines. Compared to the normal counterpart, the proteomic profile of SN-MM is consistent with transformed melanocytes showing a heterogeneous degree of melanocytic differentiation and activation of cancer-related pathways. All SN-MM cell lines resulted tumorigenic in vivo and display recurrent structural variants according to aCGH analysis. Of relevance, the microscopic analysis of the corresponding xenotransplants allowed the identification of clusters of MITF-/CDH1-/CDH2+/ZEB1+/CD271+ cells, supporting the existence of melanoma-initiating cells also in MM, as confirmed in clinical samples. The proteomic analysis of SN-MM cell lines revealed that RICTOR, a subunit of mTORC2 complex, is the most significantly activated upstream regulator, suggesting a relevant role for the PI3K-Akt-mTOR pathway in these neoplasms. Copy number variations involving components of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway were found in SN-MM cell lines. Moreover, phosphorylation of NDRG1 and Akt activation was observed in SN-MM, the latter being constitutive and sustained by PTEN loss in SN-MM2 and SN-MM3. The cell viability impairment induced by LY294002 confirmed a functional role for the PI3K-Akt-mTOR pathway in SN-MM cell lines. Conclusions: Overall, these novel and unique cellular systems represent relevant experimental tools for a better understanding of the immunobiology of these neoplasms and, as an extension, to MM from other sites.
A decomposition of book structure through ousiometric fluctuations in cumulative word-time (2023)

Abstract While quantitative methods have been used to examine changes in word usage in books, studies have focused on overall trends, such as the shapes of narratives, which are independent of book length. We instead look at how words change over the course of a book as a function of the number of words, rather than the fraction of the book, completed at any given point; we define this measure as “cumulative word-time”. Using ousiometrics, a reinterpretation of the valence–arousal–dominance framework of meaning obtained from semantic differentials, we convert text into time series of power and danger scores, with time corresponding to cumulative word-time. Each time series is then decomposed using empirical mode decomposition into a sum of constituent oscillatory modes and a non-oscillatory trend. By comparing the decomposition of the original power and danger time series with those derived from shuffled text, we find that shorter books exhibit only a general trend, while longer books have fluctuations in addition to the general trend. These fluctuations typically have a period of a few thousand words regardless of the book length or library classification code but vary depending on the content and structure of the book. Our findings suggest that, in the ousiometric sense, longer books are not expanded versions of shorter books, but rather are more similar in structure to a concatenation of shorter texts. Further, they are consistent with editorial practices that require longer texts to be broken down into sections, such as chapters. Our method also provides a data-driven denoising approach that works for texts of various lengths, in contrast to the more traditional approach of using large window sizes that may inadvertently smooth out relevant information, especially for shorter texts. Altogether, these results open up avenues for future work in computational literary analysis, particularly the possibility of measuring a basic unit of narrative.