gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cardiovascular Near-Infrared Imaging (1998)

This research uses near-infrared spectrometric imaging to nondestructively locate and determine Low-Density Lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol that may serve as an in vivo marker for vulnerable atherosclerotic plaques. Vulnerable plaques are plaques prone, in the presence of an appropriate trigger, to events such as ulceration, rupture, erosion, or thrombus that can lead to an acute syndrome. A Nd:YAG-pumped KTP/OPO tunable near-infrared (NIR) laser system is used as a light source for the fiber-optic catheters employed in this research. The BEST algorithm is used to construct chemical-composition images of the intima of the aorta in test subjects in vivo. The long-term goal of these studies is to use NIR laser spectrometric assays of plaque performed with cardiac catheters in vivo to facilitate assignment of patients to specific drug or surgical interventions selected to match their individual vulnerable plaque characteristics.
An on-chip signal suppression countermeasure to power analysis attacks (2004)

There are several attacks that exploit the presence of side channels in hardware implementations of cryptographic algorithms to extract secret data. Differential power analysis (DPA) and simple power analysis (SPA) attacks sense the power consumption of the hardware to extract the secret cryptographic key. These attacks either directly examine the power traces or carry out statistical operations on the power traces obtained from the hardware while executing the cryptographic algorithm. This paper presents a circuit that can be added to crypto-hardware to suppress information leakage through the power supply pin side channel. We discuss the design, simulation results and the limitations of the suppression circuit. We show that this countermeasure significantly increases the number of power trace samples required to undertake a DPA attack. The countermeasure does not require any assumptions about the design of the hardware under protection.
Femtosecond Time-Resolved Fluorescence Spectroscopy Utilizing Optical Kerr Shutter: Direct Observation of a Temporal Fluorescence Band Shape (2000)

A novel femtosecond fluorescence spectrum measurement system using optical Kern shutter has been developed. Wide range of 400nm wavelengths are obtained at once. Directly observed dynamic fluorescence Stokes-shift of a styryl dye will be reported.
Low frequency EC-GMR detection of cracks at ferromagnetic fastener sites in thick layered structure (2013)

The detection of embedded cracks under fastener heads (CUF) in multilayer structures is a major challenge facing the aviation industry. Eddy current (EC) based techniques, such as Magneto-Optic Imager, Sliding probe and Self-nulling EC probes, and low frequency EC methods have been investigated. The prior work of authors presented an EC system using a uniform field excitation combined with giant magnetoresistive (GMR) sensors for imaging the normal component of magnetic flux density, has improved the effectiveness in detecting 2nd and 3rd layer CUFs with aluminum fasteners. However, detection of CUFs with ferromagnetic fasteners remains a major challenge. This paper presents the experimental study of automatic crack detection under steel fastener sites using low frequency EC with 3D GMR sensors that measure all 3 components of the induced magnetic flux density. A finite element model based study is used to optimize the system design and the experimental validation is presented.
Aurora kinase inhibitor nanoparticles target tumors with favorable therapeutic index in vivo (2016)

Efforts to apply nanotechnology in cancer have focused almost exclusively on the delivery of cytotoxic drugs to improve therapeutic index. There has been little consideration of molecularly targeted agents, in particular kinase inhibitors, which can also present considerable therapeutic index limitations. We describe the development of Accurin polymeric nanoparticles that encapsulate the clinical candidate AZD2811, an Aurora B kinase inhibitor, using an ion pairing approach. Accurins increase biodistribution to tumor sites and provide extended release of encapsulated drug payloads. AZD2811 nanoparticles containing pharmaceutically acceptable organic acids as ion pairing agents displayed continuous drug release for more than 1 week in vitro and a corresponding extended pharmacodynamic reduction of tumor phosphorylated histone H3 levels in vivo for up to 96 hours after a single administration. A specific AZD2811 nanoparticle formulation profile showed accumulation and retention in tumors with minimal impact on bone marrow pathology, and resulted in lower toxicity and increased efficacy in multiple tumor models at half the dose intensity of AZD1152, a water-soluble prodrug of AZD2811. These studies demonstrate that AZD2811 can be formulated in nanoparticles using ion pairing agents to give improved efficacy and tolerability in preclinical models with less frequent dosing. Accurins specifically, and nanotechnology in general, can increase the therapeutic index of molecularly targeted agents, including kinase inhibitors targeting cell cycle and oncogenic signal transduction pathways, which have to date proved toxic in humans.
Simian virus 40 can overcome the antiproliferative effect of wild-type p53 in the absence of stable large T antigen-p53 binding (1991)

In simian virus 40 (SV40)-transformed cells, a tight complex is formed between the viral large T antigen (large T) and p53. It has been proposed that this complex interferes with the antiproliferative activity of p53. This notion was tested in primary rat fibroblasts by assessing the ability of SV40-mediated transformation to be spared from the inhibitory effect of wild-type (wt) p53. The data indicate that relative to transformation induced by myc plus ras, SV40-plus-ras-mediated focus formation was indeed much less suppressed by p53 plasmids. A majority of the resultant cell lines made a p53 protein with properties characteristic of a wt conformation. Furthermore, cell lines expressing stably both SV40 large T and a temperature-sensitive p53 mutant continued to proliferate at a temperature at which this p53 assumes wt-like properties and normally causes a growth arrest. Surprisingly, at least partial resistance to the growth-inhibitory effect of wt p53 was also evident when transformation was mediated by an SV40 deletion mutant, encoding a large T which does not bind p53 detectably. In addition to supporting the idea that SV40 can overcome the growth-restrictive activity of wt p53, these findings strongly suggest that at least part of this effect does not require a stable association between p53 and large T.
Single-stage stereotactic diagnosis and radiosurgery:Feasibility and cost implications (1995)

We compared the efficacy and the hospital charges of either single-stage or two-stage stereotactic diagnosis and radiosurgery procedures. Twelve patients underwent either one-stage or two-stage diagnosis and management of their brain tumors. Both techniques utilize high-resolution intraoperative stereotactic image-guided technology and rapid touch preparation (imprint) cytopathological techniques to confirm the presence of neoplasm. Following this pathologic diagnosis, six patients immediately underwent stereotactic radiosurgery employing the same frame application and dose planning based on preoperative and intraoperative images. Six patients underwent two-stage procedures, i.e., discharge from the hospital after histopathological diagnosis followed by readmission, reapplication of the stereotactic head frame, and repeat neuroradiological imaging prior to radiosurgery. Requirements for success of the single-stage procedure include intraoperative stereotactic high-resolution imaging, a hospital-wide ethernet system for transferring neurodiagnostic images, and expertise in rapid touch-preparation histopathological technique for accurate diagnosis. Intraoperative computed tomography imaging after biopsy confirmed the target accuracy and lack of movement of the target after brain biopsy. The advantages of the single-stage approach include reduced length of overall hospital stay, simultaneous histopathological diagnosis and therapy in a single hospital admission, and reduced total hospital charges. For patients highly suspected of having brain tumors and for whom stereotactic radiosurgery will be utilized in the treatment, single-stage stereotactic diagnosis immediately followed by radiosurgery is an accurate, effective, and potentially less costly management strategy than a two-stage approach.
Supramolecular Gelation as the First Stage in Ostwald’s Rule (2018)

Ostwald’s rule of stages describes the observation that a metastable polymorph of a particular compound will crystallize before the thermodynamically stable form under the same conditions. While traditionally applied to crystalline systems, there have been recent examples in which noncrystalline supramolecular assemblies transform according to this rule. In this work we report the highly selective organogelation behavior of a monoiodinated 2,4,5-triphenylimidazole (lophine) derivative (I-TPI). The gel emerges as a kinetically trapped intermediate, prior to the crystallization of a series of increasingly stable methanol solvates. As such, we describe the supramolecular gel as a precrystalline phase, representing the first of Ostwald’s stages for this system. Similar behavior can be observed when the gel is used as a medium for pharmaceutical crystallization of diatrizoic acid (DTA). In this case, two solid forms are produced, both containing molecules of DTA, I-TPI, and methanol in different stoichiometries, and once again crystallizing in sequence according to Ostwald’s rule. These results demonstrate that supramolecular gelation may be considered the first stage in the stepwise crystallization of a gelator, as governed by Ostwald’s rule, and that this behavior also applies to multicomponent systems, facilitating the production of metastable pharmaceutical solid forms.
High Performance Ultra Low-k (k=2.0/keff=2.4)/Cu Dual-Damascene Interconnect Technology with Self-Formed MnSixOy Barrier Layer for 32 nm-node (2006)

In order to realize the effective dielectric constant (k eff)=2.4 for 32 nm-node copper (Cu) dual-damascene (DD) interconnects, a spin-on-dielectric (SOD) SiOC (k=2.0) as the inter-level dielectric and plasma-induced damage restoration treatment were successfully demonstrated. It was obtained that good via resistance and stress-induced voiding (SiV) reliability. In addition, CoW-cap and thin SiC (k=3.5) and dual hard mask process using a metal layer was proposed to reduce the capacitance of dielectric diffusion barrier and protection layers in hybrid (PAr/SiOC) inter-layer dielectric (ILD) structure. As for the metallization, a self-formed MnSi <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">x</sub> O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">y</sub> barrier technology was applied in hybrid ILD structure. Drastic reduction of via resistance and excellent electromigration and SiV performance were obtained for the first time in hybrid ILD structure
RhoB controls coordination of adult angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis following injury by regulating VEZF1-mediated transcription (2013)

Mechanisms governing the distinct temporal dynamics that characterize post-natal angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis elicited by cutaneous wounds and inflammation remain unclear. RhoB, a stress-induced small GTPase, modulates cellular responses to growth factors, genotoxic stress and neoplastic transformation. Here we show, using RhoB null mice, that loss of RhoB decreases pathological angiogenesis in the ischaemic retina and reduces angiogenesis in response to cutaneous wounding, but enhances lymphangiogenesis following both dermal wounding and inflammatory challenge. We link these unique and opposing roles of RhoB in blood versus lymphatic vasculatures to the RhoB-mediated differential regulation of sprouting and proliferation in primary human blood versus lymphatic endothelial cells. We demonstrate that nuclear RhoB-GTP controls expression of distinct gene sets in each endothelial lineage by regulating VEZF1-mediated transcription. Finally, we identify a small-molecule inhibitor of VEZF1-DNA interaction that recapitulates RhoB loss in ischaemic retinopathy. Our findings establish the first intra-endothelial molecular pathway governing the phased response of angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis following injury.
Wide-field optical coherence tomography: imaging of biological tissues (2002)

We describe a two-dimensional optical coherence tomography technique with which we were able to obtain multiple longitudinal slices of a biological sample directly in a single Z scan. The system is based on a femtosecond Cr4+:forsterite laser and an infrared camera for wide-field imaging of the sample with a depth resolution of 5 microm. With this imaging apparatus we were able to investigate human skin and mouse ear samples and to observe the different constitutive tissues.
A Wireless Body Area Sensor Network for Posture Detection (2006)

Body Area Sensor Networks (BASN) are an emerging technology enabling the design of natural Human Computer Interfaces (HCI) in the context of Ambient Intelligence. This class of interactive applications poses new challenges on sensor network design that are hard to be faced using traditional solutions optimized for environmental monitoringlike applications. In this paper we present a novel solution for wireless and wearable posture recognition based on a custom-designed wireless body area sensor network, called WiMoCA. Nodes of the network, mounted on different parts of the human body, exploit tri-axial accelerometers to detect body postures. Afterwards we discuss results of interactive performance and power consumption optimizations required to match application constraints.
Physical-vapor deposition flux-distribution calculations for static and rotating substrates: Derivation of the deposition geometry for optimal film-thickness uniformity (2006)

Flux-distribution formulas are applied to physical-vapor deposition from open-boat-type sources onto static and rotating substrates. A relation is derived for the dependence of flux variation at the substrate on source-substrate separation for the static-substrate case. For the rotating-substrate case, the deposition geometry that yields optimal film-thickness uniformity for different source-substrate separations is derived empirically. For rotating substrates, both the percentage flux variation and the magnitude of the net deposition flux obey power-law dependences with respect to the source-substrate separation. Finally, a formula is derived for the percentage of source material deposited on the substrate as a function of source position.
Partial discharge detection and localization of defected power cable using HFCT and UHF sensors (2017)

This paper proposes two alternative methods for online partial discharge (PD) detection and localization of a 6.2/7 kV XLPE insulated medium voltage (MV) power cable. The artificial defect as surface discharge was made in the middle of the cable at the joint connecting between two of 10 m length cables with 50 sq.mm diameter. Therefore, the total length of the cable is 20 m. In addition, the corona discharge was also made at the end of cable termination. The PD measurement was performed under uncontrollable noises with limitations of cable characteristics. UHF and HFCT sensors together with their supplemented techniques as Trending method for UHF sensor as well as Time Domain Reflectometry (TDR) technique for HFCT sensor are applied in the experiment in order to identify and locate the PD types. The results for PD identification and localization of both UHF and HFCT sensors are satisfied.
Utilizing telemedicine in oncology settings: Patient favourability rates and perceptions of use analysis using Chi-Square and neural networks (2019)

In this article the investigators have successfully demonstrated the use of Artificial Neural Networks in identifying favorability of telemedicine used in addition to the traditional statistical methods such as Chi-Square. Thereby, creating a path for future research using advanced computational techniques like Artificial Neural Networks in analyzing human behavior.
User Preference Between Residual Noise And Speech Distortion In Speech Enhancement (2022)

This paper presents user preference between residual noise and speech distortion in speech enhancement through subjective evaluation. Average scores of the signals with a different balance between residual noise and speech distortion are placed horizontally in the order of the balance. Horizontally connected scores show either an upward slope or a downward slope depending on the preference. A statistical analysis based on the average scores and their confidence intervals is performed independently for each group. Confidence intervals of the preferred setting for one group and that for the other group are not overlapping. It demonstrates that the two conflicting preferences, namely, noise-conscious preference and distortion-conscious preference, are almost equally dominant.
Abstract 2019: An epigenetic reactivation screen identifies pathways important in pleomorphic liposarcomas (2011)

Abstract Treatment of soft tissue sarcomas with chemotherapy has met with limited success as few agents have demonstrated clinical efficacy, with standard therapies having a 25-30% response rate in large multi-institutional trials with current standard therapy of doxorubicin and ifosfamide. Pleomorphic liposarcomas have complex karyotypes, hindering identification of characteristic genome changes amenable to targeted treatment. Aberrant epigenetic silencing of genes is observed in cancers and is an established mechanism to abrogate tumor suppressor pathways. To gain insight into the biology of pleomorphic liposarcomas, we carried out an epigenetic reactivation screen to identify genes silenced by methylation of CpG dinucleotides. Three cell lines derived from pleomorphic liposarcomas were treated with 5-aza-2-deoxycytidine for 2 cell doublings prior to extraction of RNA. Total RNA from duplicate cultures of treated and untreated cells was hybridized to the Affymetrix U133plus2 expression chip. Initial filtering for only those genes affected in all three cell lines identified 201 genes with altered expression, 59 of which are down regulated and 142 of which are up regulated. We validated candidate genes by sequencing sodium bisulfite modified genomic DNA isolated from the three cell lines used in the reactivation screen. We chose candidates reported as being affected by promoter hypermethylation in other systems, stratifin (SFN); aka 14-3-3-σ, clusterin (CLU) and e-cadherin (CDH1). The data confirm that all candidates exhibit methylation of CpG islands located within 400 bp of the 5’ start site. To further validate candidates we tested the methylation status of SFN, CLU, and CDH1 in DNA isolated from12 pleomorphic liposarcomas, as well as DNA isolated from adipocytes, preadipocytes and adult adipose derived stem cells. Gene interaction networks were generated through the use of Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (Ingenuity® Systems, www.ingenuity.com). Conditional hypergeometric tests were done for testing the association of Gene Ontology using GOstats package in Bioconductor. Top scoring networks identified in this analysis included cancer, lipid metabolism, and cell cycle/death. In conclusion, the pathways identified here may form the basis for future development of targeted therapy against pleomorphic liposarcomas. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2019. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-2019
Metrology standards for advanced semiconductor lithography referenced to atomic spacings and geometry (2002)

It is shown how the needs for calibrating the positional accuracy of features of an X-ray mask membrane or an optical reticle can be addressed by application of a high-accuracy coordinate metrology system known as the Molecular Measuring Machine (M-Cubed). Based on scanning tunneling microscopy and state-of-the-art heterodyne optical interferometry, the measurements of M-Cubed are referenced to fundamental standards of length and angle and with the atomic-resolution of its scanning tunneling microscope probe are validated against the interatomic spacings and geometry of single crystal surfaces. Through the use of a stable reference grid, serving as an intermediate calibration artifact, the positional accuracy of features on an X-ray mask membrane or an optical reticle can be referenced to fundamental standards of length and angle by means of the metrology system of M-Cubed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Structure of tris(thioacetyltrifluoroacetonato)rhodium(III) (1990)

[Rh(C 5 H 4 F 3 OS) 3 ] cristallise dans P2 1 /n avec a=9,065, b=3,302 et c=18,360 A, β=93,08 o , Z=4; affinement jusqu'a R=0,043. Le complexe octaedrique RhL 3 presente la symetrie approchee C 3 avec un arrangement facial des atomes S. Une liaison intra-coordinat F...H de 2,26 A est mise en evidence. Une comparaison avec d'autres monothio-β-cetoenolates suggere que la liaison π metal→coordinat se manifeste dans ce complexe Rh de facon assez importante dans les liaisons metal-soufre et seulement de facon negligeable dans les liaisons metal-oxygene
A new PLL system using full order observer and PLL system modeling in a single phase grid-connected inverter (2011)

In a grid connected power conversion system, the phase angle information of a grid voltage is very essential for supplying power to the grid since it is used for active and reactive power control. A Phase Locked Loop (PLL) system is used and should be robust because often the actual grid voltages are usually distorted by unexpected harmonics. However, conventional PLL systems have steady state errors when distorted voltages are used as a PLL input. Furthermore, using this distorted phase angle in the power control could reduce the output power quality. In this paper, the grid voltages are separated into fundamental and harmonic components and a virtual phase voltage is generated from the fundamental component using a Full Order Observer (FOO). Two virtual voltages are used as an input for the PLL system so the phase angle errors can be reduced and the output power quality can be improved. The dynamic characteristics of the PLL system are designed using the modeling method to improve the dynamic response and stability of the whole system. The performance of the proposed method has been verified by a comparative analysis to the conventional PLL system. It is concluded the proposed method works well.