gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
FPGA Implementation and Evaluation of Ternary Content Addressable Memory with Individuality (2016)

This paper presents a Ternary Content Addressable Memory with Individuality (ITCAM), which has individuality for data retrieval that is caused by the manufacturing of each LSI. The results of the maskable search by the ITCAM are different for each LSI. The ITCAM was implemented on two FPGA chips and tested in practice. The characteristic evaluation results show that the mask value for each LSI and word is slightly different due to the manufacturing variations. The reproducibility of mask value was conﬁrmed under certain conditions. The reproducibilities were 88%, 73%, and 32% for one FPGA chip (CHIP A) and 94%, 52%, and 47% for another (CHIP B) when the operating time of ITCAM is 8, 64, and 128 system clocks, respectively. Thus, the reported ITCAM is a promising solution for providing a little individuality to each LSI.
Knowledge about HIV in People with Schizophrenia: A General Population Comparison (2011)

Although the overall knowledge about HIV in patients with schizophrenia is better than that of the general population, it is far from optimal. There is a need for systematic educational programs to improve knowledge.
Aberration-Aware Depth-From-Focus (2023)

Computer vision methods for depth estimation usually use simple camera models with idealized optics. For modern machine learning approaches, this creates an issue when attempting to train deep networks with simulated data, especially for focus-sensitive tasks like Depth-from-Focus. In this work, we investigate the domain gap caused by off-axis aberrations that will affect the decision of the best-focused frame in a focal stack. We then explore bridging this domain gap through aberration-aware training (AAT). Our approach involves a lightweight network that models lens aberrations at different positions and focus distances, which is then integrated into the conventional network training pipeline. We evaluate the generality of network models on both synthetic and real-world data. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed AAT scheme can improve depth estimation accuracy without fine-tuning the model for different datasets.
Supplementary Table 1, Figures 1-9, Methods from Suppression of Tumor Invasion and Metastasis by Concurrent Inhibition of c-Met and VEGF Signaling in Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 2MB&lt;/p&gt;
Conserved SOL-1 proteins regulate ionotropic glutamate receptor desensitization (2006)

The neurotransmitter glutamate mediates excitatory synaptic transmission by activating ionotropic glutamate receptors (iGluRs). In Caenorhabditis elegans , the GLR-1 receptor subunit is required for glutamate-gated current in a subset of interneurons that control avoidance behaviors. Current mediated by GLR-1-containing iGluRs depends on SOL-1, a transmembrane CUB-domain protein that immunoprecipitates with GLR-1. We have found that reconstitution of glutamate-gated current in heterologous cells depends on three proteins, STG-1 (a C. elegans stargazin-like protein), SOL-1, and GLR-1. Here, we use genetic and pharmacological perturbations along with rapid perfusion electrophysiological techniques to demonstrate that SOL-1 functions to slow the rate and limit the extent of receptor desensitization as well as to enhance the recovery from desensitization. We have also identified a SOL-1 homologue from Drosophila and show that Dro SOL1 has a conserved function in promoting C. elegans glutamate-gated currents. SOL-1 homologues may play critical roles in regulating glutamatergic neurotransmission in more complex nervous systems.
1800V bipolar-mode MOSFETs: A first application of silicon wafer direct bonding (SDB) technique to a power device (1986)

1800v and 1700v non-latch-up Bipolar-Mode MOSFETs have been developed, based on Silicon Wafer Direct Bonding (SDB) technique: a new substrate wafer fabrication process superior to conventional epitaxy. The SDB technique easily realizes an optimum N buffer structure as well as a high resistivity N <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-</sup> layer. Self-aligned deep P <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">+</sup> diffusions, densified hole bypasses and an amorphous silicon resistive field plate have been implemented. 0.45µsec fall-time and more than 100A maximum current capability have been successfully realized.
Adapting microsoft SQL server for cloud computing (2011)

Cloud SQL Server is a relational database system designed to scale-out to cloud computing workloads. It uses Microsoft SQL Server as its core. To scale out, it uses a partitioned database on a shared-nothing system architecture. Transactions are constrained to execute on one partition, to avoid the need for two-phase commit. The database is replicated for high availability using a custom primary-copy replication scheme. It currently serves as the storage engine for Microsoft's Exchange Hosted Archive and SQL Azure.
Framing Financial Incentives to Increase Physical Activity Among Overweight and Obese Adults (2016)

National Institute on Aging.
Ultrafast Protein Dynamics of Bacteriorhodopsin Probed by Photon Echo and Transient Absorption Spectroscopy (2002)

Bacteriorhodopsin (bR) is an efficient light-driven proton pump which shows a trans-cis isomerization reaction of its retinal chromophore after light absorption. BR exhibits a large reorganization energy λ of 2520 cm-1 on optical excitation. In this paper, we have studied the nature, origin, and dynamical aspects of this extensive reorganization. We report the results of a femtosecond three-pulse echo peak shift (3PEPS), transient grating (TG) and transient absorption (TA) study, complemented with those of steady-state absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy in wild-type bR and the D85S mutant in its blue and purple, halide-pumping forms. We have simulated the results in the context of the multimode Brownian oscillator (MBO) formalism. A simple model that incorporates retinal's known intramolecular vibrations, which represent 1094 cm-1 or reorganization energy, and a single Gaussian protein relaxation with a decay of 50 fs representing 1430 cm-1 of reorganization energy, yielded satisfactory results for all linear and nonlinear experimental results on wild-type bR. For the D85S mutant in its blue form, the same model could be applied with a Gaussian relaxation of 1050 cm-1 amplitude. It is concluded that the protein environment of the retinal chromophore only exhibits an inertial response, and does not show any diffusive-type motions on a sub-ps to ps time scale, which is probably a consequence of the covalently constrained, polymeric nature of the protein. Our results are in close agreement with earlier molecular dynamics simulations on bR (Xu, D.; Martin, C. H.; Schulten, K. Biophys. J. 1996, 70, 453−460), which indicated that after retinal excitation, which is accompanied by a significant charge relocation along the polyene backbone, the protein exhibits an extensive dielectric relaxation on a 100 fs time scale representing an energy change of ∼1700 cm-1. We conclude that on the sub-ps to ps timescale, the protein's major influence is electrostatic via a large number of small-amplitude motions of charges and dipoles. Major structural rearrangements of the protein do not occur on the timescale of isomerization. Polarized transient absorption measurements on bR and the D85S mutant indicated a time-independent anisotropy of the stimulated emission of 0.35, indicating that in the excited state, no change of the direction of the transition dipole moment of retinal takes place during the excited-state lifetime.
Membrane‐Active Metallopolymers: Repurposing and Rehabilitating Antibiotics to Gram‐Negative Superbugs (2023)

Among multiple approaches to combating antimicrobial resistance, a combination therapy of existing antibiotics with bacterial membrane-perturbing agents is promising. A viable platform of metallopolymers as adjuvants in combination with traditional antibiotics is reported in this work to combat both planktonic and stationary cells of Gram-negative superbugs and their biofilms. Antibacterial efficacy, toxicity, antibiofilm activity, bacterial resistance propensity, and mechanisms of action of metallopolymer-antibiotic combinations are investigated. These metallopolymers exhibit 4-16-fold potentiation of antibiotics against Gram-negative bacteria with negligible toxicity toward mammalian cells. More importantly, the lead combinations (polymer-ceftazidime and polymer-rifampicin) eradicate preformed biofilms of MDR E. coli and P. aeruginosa, respectively. Further, β-lactamase inhibition, outer membrane permeabilization, and membrane depolarization demonstrate synergy of these adjuvants with different antibiotics. Moreover, the membrane-active metallopolymers enable the antibiotics to circumvent bacterial resistance development. Altogether, the results indicate that such non-antibiotic adjuvants bear the promise to revitalize the efficacy of existing antibiotics to tackle Gram-negative bacterial infections.
Lasers, chaos and bow-ties (1998)

Since the invention of the laser nearly 40 years ago, there has been an inexorable trend towards creating devices that are smaller, more efficient and tunable over a wider range of wavelengths. This has been achieved through continuous improvements in the three principal building blocks of the laser – an active medium that provides amplification, a pump that serves as the source of energy and a resonator that provides feedback. In the latest advance, researchers from Lucent Technologies and Yale University in the US, and the Max Planck Institute for the physics of complex systems in Dresden, Germany, have tackled the limitations imposed by laser resonators in a fresh and effective way (C Gmachl et al. 1998 Science 280 1556). They have obtained strong beams of laser light from microdisk lasers, which were previously only able to produce weak laser emission.
Programmable synaptic memory with spiking neural network in VLSI (2014)

This work evaluates the performance of Neuromorphic architecture for accessing Static Random Access Memory (SRAM) in an asynchronous manner. Spike-Timing Dependent Plasticity (STDP) learning algorithm for updating the synaptic weights values in the SRAM module. Input, output, and synaptic weight values are transmitted to/from the chip using a common communication protocol based on the Address Event Representation (AER). Memory array an important block in digital system. Bassically SRAM is used for increasing speed of the processor. Which is mostly connected between the DRAM and microprocessor. SRAM serves as cache memory which stores the information and losses its data without power. We may design the SRAM using 4T, 6T, 8T....for storing one bit. Sense amplifier is used to perform read and write operation. Instead of using sense amplifier we use the neural network concept. Synapse is connected between the SRAM and neuron. The minute gap across which nerve impulses pass from one neurone to the next, at the end of a nerve fiber. Each neurone has an enlarged portion the cell body, containing the nucleus; from the body extend several process through which impulses enter from their branches. A longer process, the nerve fiber, extends outwards and carries impulse away from the cell body. This is normally unbranched except at the nerve ending. This consumes less power than the normal memory circuit.
A Chopper Stabilized CMOS Analog Multiplier with Ultra Low DC Offsets (2006)

As with many analog building blocks, DC offsets limit the accuracy of analog multipliers. Chopper stabilization, long applied to precision amplifiers, has been recently modified to be applicable to analog multiplication (Dawson and Lee, 2003). In this paper we present a general approach to chopper stabilization for analog multiplication. An IC fabricated in National Semiconductor's 0.18mum process allowed us to characterize an array of the new multipliers, which represents the first thorough experimental characterization of the new technique. The prototype circuits exhibit an average output offset of 204muV, with a standard deviation of 23muV, while consuming 181muW of power each. These are the lowest reported measured offsets in the DC analog multiplier literature
Use of NRP1, a novel biomarker, along with VEGF-C, VEGFR-3, CCR7 and SEMA3E, to predict lymph node metastasis in squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue (2016)

Lymph node (LN) metastasis has been suggested as a major prognostic factor for oral cancer. Knockdown of the growth factors and receptors involved in these metastatic mechanisms could significantly reduce LN metastasis and improve the survival of oral cancer patients after treatment. The present study, therefore, aimed to evaluate the expression levels of the following growth factors and receptors in squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the tongue: the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)‑C and VEGF‑D, which bind to the cell surface tyrosine kinase receptor VEGF receptor‑3 (VEGFR‑3); C‑C motif chemokine receptor 7 (CCR7); neuropilin (NRP)1 and NRP2; and semaphorin 3E (SEMA3E). Furthermore, we assessed microvessel density (MVD) and lymphatic vessel density (LVD) to demonstrate the correlation between these factors and regional LN metastasis, with respect to the clinicopathological features. Finally, we analyzed the correlation between these proteins and overall or disease‑free survival, in order to demonstrate their prognostic value. Univariate analysis revealed a significant association between LN metastasis and the expression levels of VEGF‑C, VEGFR‑3, CCR7, NRP1, and SEMA3E, as well as LVD, in SCC cells. In contrast, multivariate analysis identified associations between LN metastasis and NRP1 expression, as well as between LN metastasis and LVD; however, no correlation was found between LN metastasis and the expression levels of the other proteins. The expression levels of VEGF‑C, VEGFR‑3, NRP1, and SEMA3E, as well as LVD, were correlated with disease‑free survival time. These results indicate that LN metastasis is associated with poor survival in SCC. This study suggests that NRP1 expression and LVD are independent factors that are likely to predict the risk of LN metastasis in SCC of the tongue, whereas the expression of VEGF‑C, VEGFR‑3, CCR7, and SEMA3E are non‑independent predictive factors.
Epitope (2016)

Biomolecular screening is now a crucial component of the drug discovery process, and this glossary will be of use to practitioners in the field of screening and to those who interact with the screening community. The glossary contains definitions related to various aspects of the screening process such as assay types, data handling, and relevant technologies. Many of the terms used in this discipline are not covered by existing glossaries, and where they are, the definitions are often not appropriate for this field. Where appropriate, this document provides new or modified definitions to better reflect the new context. The field of biomolecular screening is multidisciplinary in nature, and this glossary, containing authoritative definitions, will be useful not only for regular practitioners, but also for those who make use of data generated during the screening process.
Supplementary Figure 4 from Systematic Screening of Promoter Regions Pinpoints Functional <i>Cis</i>-Regulatory Mutations in a Cutaneous Melanoma Genome (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Figure 4. NDUFB9 expression and survival in TCGA cutaneous melanoma sample cohort.&lt;/p&gt;
A reply (2012)

We would like to thank the authors for their replies regarding our study [1]. We appreciate Curtis’s words of caution concerning potential complications when using the videolaryngoscope for awake intubation of the morbidly obese. The most commonly reported complication of videolaryngoscope-assisted intubation in anaesthetised patients is laceration or perforation of the palate or tonsil during tube insertion [2, 3], but we were unable to quantify this risk in our study. To our knowledge, no complications of this technique have been reported in conscious patients thus far, but this is most likely to reflect its limited implementation, as all other types of intubation technique are associated with airway trauma. To limit the risk of injury to the airway during our study, we did not persist with videolaryngoscopy if severe coughing/gagging occurred during insertion, but provided additional topical anaesthesia and sedation, before any further attempt was made. We agree that awake patients may be at increased risk of palatal trauma secondary to coughing/gagging, but they may be relatively protected from the same by being able to indicate pain or discomfort during tracheal tube insertion (depending on the level of sedation and airway anaesthesia). We also agree with Curtis that passing the tracheal tube through the vocal cords using a videolaryngoscope can be just as difficult as obtaining a view of the vocal cords. One patient in our study was given general anaesthesia after obtaining a videolaryngoscopic view of the vocal cords because attempted passage of the tube caused severe coughing and gagging. Although there is evidence that a good view of the vocal cords during conventional ‘awake look’ laryngoscopy persists after induction of general anaesthesia [4], this is not necessarily the case during videolaryngoscopy. We do not advocate a videolaryngoscopic ‘awake look’ before tracheal intubation, but suggest this method could provide the anaesthetist with useful information when determining definitive airway management. We appreciate Richardson and Hodzovic’s comments concerning the range of videolaryngoscopes that might be used to assist awake intubation, and how the blade design of each may variably affect the prevalence of difficulties encountered when performing this technique. It remains unclear if there is one ideal laryngoscope for awake tracheal intubations. We chose to use the Glidescope® for our study based solely on its availability in our department and our comfort and experience with its use, but agree that our results may have been different using other videolaryngoscopes with which we were less familiar. Further research is clearly required to evaluate and compare the strengths and weaknesses of the various methods and equipment used for awake tracheal intubation.
Update on Intravenous Immunoglobulin in Neurology: Modulating Neuro-autoimmunity, Evolving Factors on Efficacy and Dosing and Challenges on Stopping Chronic IVIg Therapy (2021)

In the last 25 years, intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) has had a major impact in the successful treatment of previously untreatable or poorly controlled autoimmune neurological disorders. Derived from thousands of healthy donors, IVIg contains IgG1 isotypes of idiotypic antibodies that have the potential to bind pathogenic autoantibodies or cross-react with various antigenic peptides, including proteins conserved among the "common cold"-pre-pandemic coronaviruses; as a result, after IVIg infusions, some of the patients' sera may transiently become positive for various neuronal antibodies, even for anti-SARS-CoV-2, necessitating caution in separating antibodies derived from the infused IVIg or acquired humoral immunity. IVIg exerts multiple effects on the immunoregulatory network by variably affecting autoantibodies, complement activation, FcRn saturation, FcγRIIb receptors, cytokines, and inflammatory mediators. Based on randomized controlled trials, IVIg is approved for the treatment of GBS, CIDP, MMN and dermatomyositis; has been effective in, myasthenia gravis exacerbations, and stiff-person syndrome; and exhibits convincing efficacy in autoimmune epilepsy, neuromyelitis, and autoimmune encephalitis. Recent evidence suggests that polymorphisms in the genes encoding FcRn and FcγRIIB may influence the catabolism of infused IgG or its anti-inflammatory effects, impacting on individualized dosing or efficacy. For chronic maintenance therapy, IVIg and subcutaneous IgG are effective in controlled studies only in CIDP and MMN preventing relapses and axonal loss up to 48 weeks; in practice, however, IVIg is continuously used for years in all the aforementioned neurological conditions, like is a "forever necessary therapy" for maintaining stability, generating challenges on when and how to stop it. Because about 35-40% of patients on chronic therapy do not exhibit objective neurological signs of worsening after stopping IVIg but express subjective symptoms of fatigue, pains, spasms, or a feeling of generalized weakness, a conditioning effect combined with fear that discontinuing chronic therapy may destabilize a multi-year stability status is likely. The dilemmas of continuing chronic therapy, the importance of adjusting dosing and scheduling or periodically stopping IVIg to objectively assess necessity, and concerns in accurately interpreting IVIg-dependency are discussed. Finally, the merit of subcutaneous IgG, the ineffectiveness of IVIg in IgG4-neurological autoimmunities, and genetic factors affecting IVIg dosing and efficacy are addressed.
[Protective effect of procyanidolic oligomers on the heterologous phase of glomerulonephritis induced by anti-glomerular basement membrane antibodies]. (1982)

Treatment by procyanidolic oligomers can significantly decrease the proteinuria indiced in the Rat by intravenous injection of anti glomerular basement membranes antibodies. Immunohistological analysis shows that procyanidolic oligomers do not interfere with the mechanisms of immunopathological injury involved in this model (antibody binding to glomerular basement membrane, complement activation, glomerular influx of polymorphonuclear leucocytes). Their protective effect may be due to an increased resistance of the glomerular capillary to the inflammatory mediators released by neutrophils.
Wideband mm-wave phase shifters based on constant-impedance tunable transmission lines (2016)

This paper presents an integrated inverted stripline-like tunable transmission line structure where the propagation velocity can be modified as the characteristic impedance remains constant. As one application of this structure, a mm-wave phase shifter for massive hybrid MIMO applications is implemented in a 45 nm CMOS SOI process. Measurement results at 45 GHz of this phase shifter demonstrate a 79° phase shift tuning range, worst-case insertion loss of 3.3 dB, and effective area of 0.072 mm2. Compared to an on-chip reference phase shifter implemented based on a previously-reported tunable transmission line structure, this work achieves 35% less area occupied and 1.0 dB less insertion loss, while maintaining approximately the same phase shift tuning range.