gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Exact decoupling of the Dirac Hamiltonian. III. Molecular properties (2006)

Recent advances in the theory of the infinite-order Douglas-Kroll-Hess (DKH) transformation of the Dirac Hamiltonian require a fresh and unified view on the calculation of atomic and molecular properties. It is carefully investigated how the four-component Dirac Hamiltonian in the presence of arbitrary electric and magnetic potentials is decoupled to two-component form. In order to cover the whole range of electromagnetic properties on the same footing, a consistent description within the DKH theory is presented. Subtle distinctions are needed between errors arising from any finite-order DKH scheme and effects due to oversimplified and thus approximate decoupling strategies for the Dirac operator, which will, though being numerically negligible in most cases, still be visible in the infinite-order limit of the two-component treatment. Special focus is given to the issue, whether the unitary DKH transformations to be applied to the Dirac Hamiltonian should depend on the property under investigation or not. It is explicitly shown that up to third order in the external potential the transformed property operator is independent of the chosen parametrization of the unitary transformations of the generalized DKH scheme. Since the standard DKH protocol covers the transformation of one-electron integrals only, the presentation is developed for one-electron properties for the sake of brevity. Nevertheless, all findings for the calculation of one-electron properties within a two-component framework presented here also hold for two-electron properties as well.
Identification of Chronic Heart Failure Patients with a High 12-Month Mortality Risk Using Biomarkers Including Plasma C-Terminal Pro-Endothelin-1 (2011)

Plasma CT-proET-1 constitutes a novel predictor of increased 12-month cardiovascular mortality in patients with CHF. High CT-proET-1 together with high NT-proBNP enable to identify patients with CHF and particularly unfavourable outcomes.
Oxaliplatin, 5-Fluorouracil, and Folinic Acid (Folfox) in Patients With Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma (2000)

We report the results of a chemotherapy regimen combining oxaliplatin, 5-fluorouracil, and folinic acid in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma. The objective of this pilot study was to define the potential efficacy of this second-line combination in patients previously treated with interleukin-2 alone or in combination with interferon alpha. Fourteen patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma in failure after immunotherapy were included in this trial. During treatment, patients received six chemotherapy courses (Folfox regimen) administered every 2 weeks. Each cycle combined oxaliplatin day (D) D1 and folinic acid plus 5-fluorouracil D1 and D2. At completion of treatment, no objective response was observed and two patients presented stable disease. This chemotherapy schedule in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma previously treated with immunotherapy does not seem to be effective.
A compact 3D imaging laser radar system using Geiger-mode APD arrays: system and measurements (2003)

MIT Lincoln Laboratory continues the development of novel high-resolution 3D imaging laser radar technology and sensor systems. The sensor system described in detail here uses a passively Q-switched solid-state frequency-doubled Nd:YAG laser to transmit short laser pulses (~ 700 ps FWHM) at 532 nm wavelength and derive the range to target surface element by measuring the time-of-flight for each pixel. The single photoelectron detection efficiency has been measured to be > 20 % using these Silicon Geiger-mode APDs at room temperature. The pulse out of the detector is used to stop a > 500 MHz digital clock integrated within the focal-plane array. With appropriate optics, the 32x32 array of digital time values represents a 3D spatial image frame of the scene. Successive image frames from the multi-kilohertz pulse repetition rate laser pulses are accumulated into range histograms to provide 3D volume and intensity information. In this paper, we report on a prototype sensor system, which has recently been developed using new 32x32 arrays of Geiger-mode APDs with 0.35 &mu;m CMOS digital timing circuits at each pixel. Here we describe the sensor system development and present recent measurements of laboratory test data and field imagery.
Intranasal therapeutic strategies for management of Alzheimer’s disease (2014)

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a chronic and progressive age-related irreversible neurodegenerative disorder that represents 70% of all dementia with 35 million cases worldwide. Successful treatment strategies for AD have so far been limited, and present therapy is based on cholinergic replacement therapy and inhibiting glutamate excitotoxicity. In this context, role of neuroprotective drugs has generated considerable interest in management of AD. Recently, direct intranasal (IN) delivery of drug moieties to the central nervous system (CNS) has emerged as a therapeutically viable alternative to oral and parenteral routes. IN delivery bypasses the blood-brain barrier by delivering and targeting drugs to the CNS along the olfactory and trigeminal neural pathways which are in direct contact with both the environment and the CNS. In an attempt to understand how neurotherapeutics/nanoparticulate delivery systems can be transported from the nose to the CNS, the present review sets out to discuss the mechanism of transport from nose to brain. The aim of this review is to discuss and summarize the latest findings of some of the major studies on IN drug delivery in AD models, with a focus on the potential efficacy of neuroprotective treatments.
Correcting nonlinear distortion of wideband modulated signals using new frequency domain methods (2022)

Distortion -less wideband modulated test signals are generated at high power using a new frequency domain method, called spectral digital pre-distortion (Spectral DPD). This technique extends the power range of signal generators, reducing the need for booster power amplifiers to achieve a good linearity, high-power signal for test The proposed technique first creates a short slice of the modulated waveform for fast and accurate linearization of the signal at the reference plane. Then, using a pre-distorted waveform created by spectral DPD, a generic memory-polynomial DPD model is identified. This model is then applied to the original waveform to generate a pre-distorted waveform, providing a linearized test signal. An example 5GNR test signal is demonstrated for linearization.
Shaping and policing of fractal α-stable broadband traffic (2002)

We study the effect on shaping on self-similar non-Gaussian (Stable) traffic. Although there are several self-similar Stable models in the literature, to the authors knowledge, this is the first time the effectiveness of shaping in the inherent fractality and heavy-tailness of broadband traffic has been examined. The goal of this effort is to increase network operating points dealing with the difficult traffic engineering problems, in a more efficient way. Using simulation and statistical estimation techniques, we show that, (a) the Hurst parameter, which describes the asymptotic self-similarity of the traffic, is unaffected; and (b) traffic can be made less stable, even Gaussian, with the cost of performance degradation.
The role of sodium restriction in the management of hypertension (1986)

More than 50 studies have investigated the effect of altered sodium intake on blood pressure. A regression line drawn through the change in blood pressure and change in sodium intake indicates that blood pressure alters about 10 mmHg (1 mmHg = 133.322 Pa) for every 100 mmol/day alteration in sodium intake, a change similar to that observed in between-population "studies." The studies that have failed to show a change in blood pressure have usually been in people with a blood pressure less than 130/90 mmHg. Normotensive people appear to tolerate a higher intake of sodium before blood pressure rises, but if increased sufficiently, blood pressure rises in most people. Sodium restriction reduces blood pressure in people with severe hypertension, moderate hypertension and mild hypertension. It may be the cause of blood pressure increase associated with age and the reason for the higher prevalence of hypertension and vascular disease in Western communities. Sodium restriction should be used to treat people with elevated blood pressure.
An immobilized and highly stabilized self‐sufficient monooxygenase as biocatalyst for oxidative biotransformations (2017)

Abstract BACKGROUND The requirement for expensive cofactors that must be efficiently recycled is one of the major factors hindering the wide implementation of industrial biocatalytic oxidation processes. In this research, a sustainable approach based on immobilized self‐sufficient Baeyer–Villiger monooxygenases is discussed. RESULTS A bifunctional biocatalyst composed of an NADPH‐dependent cyclohexanone monooxygenase (CHMO) fused to an NADP + ‐accepting phosphite dehydrogenase (PTDH) catalyzes ϵ‐caprolactone synthesis from cyclohexanone, using phosphite as a cheap sacrificial substrate for cofactor regeneration. Several immobilized derivatives of the fused enzyme have been prepared with high immobilization yield (97%); the one obtained by affinity adsorption on Co‐IDA (Co: cobalt chelated; IDA: iminodiacetic acid) support has shown to be highly stable affording average yields of 80% after 18 reaction cycles. CONCLUSIONS The immobilized self‐sufficient monooxygenase has demonstrated to be able to perform Baeyer–Villiger oxidation with efficient cofactor recovery and biocatalyst recycling. The proposed biocatalytic process offers access to valuable molecules with high atom economy and limited waste generation. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
Supplementary Figure 5 from Tuning Sensitivity of CAR to EGFR Density Limits Recognition of Normal Tissue While Maintaining Potent Antitumor Activity (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Engraftment of intracranial tumor and CAR+ T-cell phenotype prior to administration of T cells&lt;/p&gt;
An Algorithm for Remote Sensing Image Mosaic Based on Valid Area (2011)

In order to realize automatic image mosaic with HJ-1 satellite images, this paper proposes a bisector seamline algorithm which is based on the geometric characters of the remote sensing images valid areas. Firstly, the valid area is used to replace primitive rectangle image to participate in image mosaic, the feathering seamline is automatically generated on valid area. Then the seamline is effectively removed by an improved feathering algorithm. Finally, through the mosaic experiment on a group of 9 remote sensing images, the experimental result indicates that the new algorithm is applicable for complex polygon overlap, easy to realize and has a good visual effect.
Hierarchical Organization of Functional Perylene Chromophores to Mesoscopic Superstructures by Hydrogen Bonding and π-π Interactions (1999)

Well-defined mesoscopic structures are obtained by self-organization of a multifunctional perylene chromophore that is highly photostable, has a high fluorescence quantum yield, and distinct redox activity. Transmission electron microscopy (see Figure) of such a mesoscopic superstructure, along with NMR and optical spectroscopy, reveals a hierarchical process involving various intermolecular interactions.
Edge localized modes in DIII-D high performance discharges (2003)

A new understanding of edge localized modes (ELMs) in tokamak discharges is emerging (Snyder P B et al 2002 Phys. Plasmas 9 2037), in which the ELM is an essentially ideal magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) instability and the ELM severity is determined by the radial width of the linearly unstable MHD kink modes. A detailed, comparative study of the penetration into the core of the respective linear instabilities in a standard DIII-D ELMing, high confinement mode (H-mode) discharge, with that for two relatively high performance discharges shows that these are also encompassed within the framework of the new model. These instabilities represent the key limiting factor in extending the high performance of these discharges. In the standard ELMing H-mode, the MHD instabilities are highly localized in the outer few per cent flux surfaces, and the ELM is benign, causing only a small temporary drop in the energy confinement. In contrast, for both a very high confinement mode and an H-mode with a broad internal transport barrier extending over the entire core and coalesced with the edge transport barrier, the linearly unstable modes penetrate well into the mid radius and the corresponding consequences for global confinement are significantly more severe. The ELM accordingly results in an irreversible loss of the high performance.
Insulin-like growth factor 1-coated sutures improve anastomotic healing in an experimental model of colitis (2010)

: IGF-1-coated sutures improve important aspects of anastomotic healing in rats with experimental colitis.
ChemInform Abstract: CALIXARENES. 4. THE SYNTHESIS, CHARACTERIZATION, AND PROPERTIES OF THE CALIXARENES FROM P‐TERT‐BUTYLPHENOL (1981)

Abstract Als Teil eines Programms, das der Synthese von Enzymmodell‐Katalysatoren dient, wird die Kondensation von p‐tert.‐Butyl‐phenol mit Formaldehyd zur Bildung cyclischer Oligomerer untersucht.
In Vitro Method for Predicting Glycemic Index of Foods Using Simulated Digestion and an Artificial Neural Network (2010)

ABSTRACT The glycemic index (GI) is an indicator of the relative human glycemic response to dietary carbohydrates in a food. It is determined using a costly and time‐consuming in vivo method. We describe an in vitro analytical method that allows the accurate prediction of the GI of a food product. The method involves digestion of the food product using HCl and enzymes, followed by HPLC analysis of sugars and sugar alcohols. Data from the HPLC analysis combined with the product's compositional information are treated using an artificial neural network to produce a predicted value for the GI of the food product. For the sample set examined ( n = 72) consisting of a variety of food types, r 2 = 0.93 and the root mean square error of correlation (RMSEC) = 5 GI units. Twenty‐fold cross‐validation yields CVR 2 = 0.89, indicating good predictive ability for samples outside the calibration set. The relative standard deviation of the method is 6.6%. This method is rapid and low cost relative to in vivo testing. Due to good ability to predict in vivo GI, it may be a valuable screening tool for determining the relative effect of food ingredients on the glycemic index of a food product.
105-ns Continuously Tunable Delay of 10-Gb/s Optical Signal (2008)

<para xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> A continuously tunable optical delay line providing over 105 ns of 10-Gb/s optical channel is reported using a two-pump parametric process in a nonlinear optical fiber. Performance limits are measured and compared with recently reported all-optical delay results. The figure of merit defined by the delay-bandwidth product is 1055. </para>
Axonal Delay as a Short-Term Memory for Feed Forward Deep Spiking Neural Networks (2022)

The information of spiking neural networks (SNNs) are propagated between the adjacent biological neuron by spikes, which provides a computing paradigm with the promise of simulating the human brain. Recent studies have found that the time delay of neurons plays an important role in the learning process. Therefore, configuring the precise timing of the spike is a promising direction for understanding and improving the transmission process of temporal information in SNNs. However, most of the existing learning methods for spiking neurons are focusing on the adjustment of synaptic weight, while very few research has been working on axonal delay. In this paper, we verify the effectiveness of integrating time delay into supervised learning and propose a module that modulates the axonal delay through short-term memory. To this end, a rectified axonal delay (RAD) module is integrated with the spiking model to align the spike timing and thus improve the characterization learning ability of temporal features. Experiments on three neuromorphic benchmark datasets : NMNIST, DVS Gesture and N-TIDIGITS18 show that the proposed method achieves the state-of-the-art performance while using the fewest parameters.
Evaluation of 18F-nifene binding to α4β2 nicotinic receptors in the rat brain using microPET imaging (2011)

MicroPET imaging studies using (18)F-nifene, a new positron emission tomography (PET) radiotracer for nicotinic acetylcholinergic receptors (nAChR) α4β2 receptors in rats, have been carried out. Rats were imaged for 90 min after intravenous injection of (18)F-nifene (0.8 to 1 mCi), and binding potential (BP(ND)) was measured. (18)F-Nifene binding to thalamic and extrathalamic brain regions was consistent with the α4β2 nAChR distribution in the rat brain. Using the cerebellum as a reference, the values for the thalamus varied less than 5% (BP(ND) = 1.30, n = 3), confirming reproducibility of (18)F-nifene binding. (18)F-Nifene microPET imaging was also used to evaluate effects of nicotine in a group of Sprague-Dawley rats under isoflurane anesthesia. Nicotine challenge postadministration of (18)F-nifene demonstrated reversibility of (18)F-nifene binding in vivo. For α4β2 nAChR receptor occupancy (nAChR(OCC)), various doses of nicotine (0, 0.02, 0.1, 0.25, and 0.50 mg/kg nicotine free base) 15 min prior to (18)F-nifene were administered. Low-dose nicotine (0.02 mg) reached > 80% nAChR(OCC) while at higher doses (0.25 mg) > 90% nAChR(OCC) was measured. The small amount of (18)F-nifene binding with reference to the cerebellum affects an accurate evaluation of nAChR(OCC). Efforts are underway to identify alternate reference regions for (18)F-nifene microPET studies in rodents.
A carbon nanofiber (CNF) based 3-D microelectrode array for in-vitro neural proliferation and signal recording (2016)

Microelectrode arrays (MEAs) are commonly utilized for stimulating and recording extracellular electrical signals including both local field and action potentials in both in-vitro and in-vivo neural studies. This work demonstrates the feasibility of 3D microelectrode arrays using a novel carbon nanomaterial, electrospun carbon nanofiber (CNF). CNF MEAs impedance is characterized and compared to that of carbon nanotube MEAs and commercial TiN MEAs. An in-vitro culture of CNF electrodes are performed using E18 cortical neurons and analyzed for cell interaction. With these electrodes we are able to detect extracellular neural signals including action potentials from single neurons from an array of CNF electrodes embedded within the substrate of an MEA.
Urine hyperglycosylated hCG plus ultrasound biometry for detection of Down syndrome in the second trimester in a high-risk population (2000)

A new Down syndrome biochemical marker combined with ultrasound biometry had a high screening efficiency in a high-risk group. All cases of Down syndrome in this study population would have been detected at an amniocentesis rate of less than 10.7%. Our results appear superior to those found with other second-trimester algorithms. The combination is promising as an alternative to "automatic" genetic amniocentesis in women of advanced maternal age and other high-risk groups.
Governmental power under the Fifth French Republic. (2017)

The executive power really is a governmental power. Whether it is in the hands of a President or a Prime Minister, depending on the political regime, it relates to the fundamental interests of the Nation or the State’s policy. The system according to which the Parliament votes the law and the executive enforces it, is a fiction. In France, as in most parliamentary democracies, the Government or the Head of the State decides the policy of the State. It receives the legitimacy to do so from popular elections. Majority rule, let alone institutional differences, implies that the People choose who occupies the seat of executive power. The issue before us is to know who controls the executive functions of government in Western democracies. In the French system, the answer can seem ambiguous. The presidential and legislative elections of 2017 reflect the permanence of these structuring elements of the Fifth Republic. = Исполнительная власть является государственной независимо от того, в чьих руках она находится – президента или премьер-министра, – и независимо от того, касается она фундаментальных интересов нации или государственной политики. Система, при которой парламент принимает закон, а исполнительная власть его исполняет, – фикция. Во Франции, как и в большинстве демократических государств, государственную политику осуществляют правительство или глава государства, которые обретают легитимность в результате выборов. Исследуется вопрос о том, кто контролирует исполнительные функции правительства в западных демократиях. Обосновывается мысль о том, что во французской системе ответ может показаться неоднозначным: президентские и законодательные выборы 2017 г. отражают постоянство этих структурных элементов Пятой Республики.
Effect of composition of polyester-amide-imide wire enamels on refrigerant 22 resistance (1971)

Both the blistering resistance to R-22 and retention of abrasion resistance in R-22 of a polyester-amide-imide resin system are increased as the amide-imide content of the resin is increased.
Associations between HIV-RNA-based indicators and virological and clinical outcomes (2016)

Differences between quality of care indicators were small and no indicator performed consistently better than current viral load. Given the simplicity in assessing and interpreting this indicator, we propose to use current viral load when HIV-RNA-based indicators are used to evaluate the efficacy of ART programs.
13C-Detected Experiments for NMR Spectroscopy of Nucleic Acids (2005)

Nucleic acid bases contain a number of carbon atoms without
directly attached protons. These include carbonyl groups in
cytosine, thymine, uracil, and guanine, the C4 atom in
cytosine, C5 in thymine, C4, C5, C6 in adenine, and C2, C4, and
C5 in guanine. The direct detection of these carbon atoms
offers an alternative method for obtaining their chemical shift
values and/or data for investigation of the dynamics of nucleic
acid bases. Furthermore, the chemical shifts of the amino
nitrogen atoms whose protons are broadened beyond detection due
to the exchange with water can be obtained using a 13C-detected
13C-15N correlation experiment. In the sugar moiety, the carbon
detected experiments are suitable for obtaining 1H-13C
correlations in the cases where the proton signal is obscured
by the large water peak.
Behavioral Therapy and Pharmacotherapy for Relapse Prevention in Abstinent Smokers: Korea Preventive Services Task Force Guidance (2021)

Background: This paper presents the Korea Preventive Services Task Force (KPSTF) guidance on behavioral and pharmacotherapy for relapse prevention in abstinent smokers. Methods: Evidence was evaluated at the evidence-based practice center of the KPSTF to develop KPSTF guidance through a rapid systematic review of both behavioral and pharmacologic intervention. Subsequently, evidence level and recommendation grade were examined in accordance with the KPSTF Manual for Public Health Guidance. Consensus on the recommendation grade determined by nine experts was obtained using a modified Delphi method to evaluate the effect size, priority, resources, feasibility, health equity, and reliability of the values and preferences. Results: This guidance applies to smokers who successfully quit smoking over 24 h on their own (unassisted abstainers), who forcibly quit because of pregnancy or hospitalization, or who quit by participating in a smoking cessation program (assisted abstainers).