gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Extracting a Cardiac Signal From the Extracorporeal Pressure Sensors of a Hemodialysis Machine (2014)

Although patients undergoing hemodialysis treatment often suffer from cardiovascular disease, monitoring of cardiac rhythm is not performed on a routine basis. Without requiring any extra sensor, this study proposes a method for extracting a cardiac signal from the built-in extracorporeal venous pressure sensor of the hemodialysis machine. The extraction is challenged by the fact that the cardiac component is much weaker than the pressure component caused by the peristaltic blood pump. To further complicate the extraction problem, the cardiac component is difficult to separate when the pump and heart rates coincide. The proposed method estimates a cardiac signal by subtracting an iteratively refined blood pump model signal from the signal measured at the extracorporeal venous pressure sensor. The method was developed based on simulated pressure signals, and evaluated on clinical pressure signals acquired during hemodialysis treatment. The heart rate estimated from the clinical pressure signal was compared to that derived from a photoplethysmographic reference signal, resulting in a difference of 0.07 ± 0.84 beats/min. The accuracy of the heartbeat occurrence times was studied for different strengths of the cardiac component, using both clinical and simulated signals. The results suggest that the accuracy is sufficient for analysis of heart rate and certain arrhythmias.
Phonon spectra of terbium-doped lutetium orthophosphates (2004)

Raman spectroscopy has been applied to investigations of the effects of substitutionally replacing Lu by Tb in single crystals of the tetragonal, zircon structure host LuPO4. Room-temperature, polarized Raman spectra of Lu1−xTbxPO4 (x=0, 0.01, 0.1, and 0.12) have been studied. No appreciable changes in the frequencies of the phonons were observed, indicating that the force fields in the LuPO4 lattice are not strongly altered by Tb doping on the Lu site. A discussion of the fluorescence bands and a revised assignment of the LuPO4 vibrations are presented.
The spherical Fabry—Perot interferometer as an instrument of high resolving power for use with external or with internal atomic beams (1961)

Abstract The spherical Fabry -Perot interferometer was designed by P. Connes as an instrument capable of realizing higher resolving power than the normal Fabry -Perot interferometer, by virtue of its greater light power at high resolution, and the much lower requirement with regard to accuracy of adjustment. The instrument has now been used successfully in the resolution of structure in the resonance line of the arc spectrum of barium; components with a separation of 2.0x 10-3 cm -1 have been resolved; they were observed in the absorption produced by a Jackson -Kuhn atomic beam, of high collimation. The instrument has also been used for observing line structure with an absorbing atomic beam traversing the interior of the interferometer; by this means the amount of material required for observing hyperfine structure using an atomic beam , even with very high collimation, can be reduced to a few milligrams, or approximately 100 times less than that required with an atomic beam external to the interferometer, so that enriched isotopes, available in small quantities, can be used; alternatively, adequate absorption can be obtained with much higher collimations of the beam, and correspondingly improved limits of resolution.
“Electrokinetic Analyte Transport Assay” for α‐fetoprotein immunoassay integrates mixing, reaction and separation on‐chip (2008)

A rapid and highly sensitive CE immunoassay method integrating mixing, reaction, separation, and detection on-chip is described for the measurement of alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), a liver cancer marker in blood. Antibody-binding reagents, consisting of 245-bp DNA coupled anti-AFP WA1 antibody (DNA-WA1) and HiLyte dye-labeled anti-AFP WA2 antibody (HiLyte-WA2), and AFP-containing sample were filled into adjacent zones of a chip channel defined by the laminar flow lines of the microfluidic device using pressure-driven flow. The channel geometry was thus used to quantitatively aliquot the reagents and sample into the chip. DNA-WA1 was electrokinetically concentrated in the channel and sequentially transported through the AFP-sample zone and HiLyte-WA2 zone by ITP in such a manner that the AFP sandwich immune complex formation took place in the sample and HiLyte-WA2 zones. The sandwich AFP immune complex was then detected by LIF after CGE in a separation channel that was arranged downstream of the reaction channel. AFP was detected within 136 s with a detection sensitivity of 5 pM. The on-chip immunoassay described here, applying ITP concentration, in-channel reaction, and CGE separation, has the potential of providing a rapid and sensitive method for both clinical and research applications.
Backscattered terahertz radiation imaging system to visualize supercurrent distributions (2003)

A new type of terahertz (THz) radiation imaging has been proposed and demonstrated. The supercurrent distributions were visualized by detecting the backscattered THz radiation from optically excited high-temperature superconductors. The supercurrent distributions were clearly observed in 100and 500-nm-thick YBa/sub 2/Cu/sub 3/O/sub 7-/spl delta// films in the remanent state. Our system has performance similar to the system with transmission configuration.
Spectrotemporal Receptive Fields in Anesthetized Cat Primary Auditory Cortex Are Context Dependent (2008)

In order to investigate how the auditory scene is analyzed and perceived, auditory spectrotemporal receptive fields (STRFs) are generally used as a convenient way to describe how frequency and temporal sound information is encoded. However, using broadband sounds to estimate STRFs imperfectly reflects the way neurons process complex stimuli like conspecific vocalizations insofar as natural sounds often show limited bandwidth. Using recordings in the primary auditory cortex of anesthetized cats, we show that presentation of narrowband stimuli not including the best frequency of neurons provokes the appearance of residual peaks and increased firing rate at some specific spectral edges of stimuli compared with classical STRFs obtained from broadband stimuli. This result is the same for STRFs obtained from both spikes and local field potentials. Potential mechanisms likely involve release from inhibition. We thus emphasize some aspects of context dependency of STRFs, that is, how the balance of inhibitory and excitatory inputs is able to shape the neural response from the spectral content of stimuli.
Minimizing Sheet Resistance of Organic Photovoltaic Cell Top Contact Electrode Layer: Silver Nanowire Concentration vs. Conductive Polymer Doping Concentration (2015)

The top contact electrode layers of nine organic photovoltaic cells were prepared with two varying factors: three Silver nanowire (AgNW) densities deposited on a conductive polymer doped with three concentrations. Silver’s low sheet resistance of 20-Ω/sq is hypothesized to lower the sheet resistance of the anode layer and thus enhance the overall efficiency of the cell. Four-point probe measurements indicated that increasing AgNW density in the top contact electrode layer of an organic photovoltaic cell significantly reduces sheet resistance from 52.2k-Ω/sq to 18.0 Ω/sq. Although an increase in doping concentration of the conductive polymer reduced sheet resistance in low AgNW density samples from 52.2k-Ω/sq to 5.10k-Ω/sq, only a minor decrease from 34.7-Ω/sq to 29.2-Ω/sq was found in the higher AgNW density samples. To explain these patterns, we propose a transition in charge carrier conduction mechanism from one of resistors in series (AgNW and polymer matrix), controlled by the resistance of the conductive polymer, to that of a parallel circuit, with resistance controlled by the resistance of silver. Proposed models are supported by the number of disjoints between AgNWs found in Scanning Electron Microscope characterizations at 20,000X magnification. The number of disjointed AgNWs within 2.8 µm x 3.2-µm sections on the electrode surface decreased from an average of two to zero with increasing AgNW density. Atomic Force Microscopy characterizations portrayed increased RMS roughness due to AgNW agglomeration, ring shaped wire orientation and a random distribution of particles that potentially raise sheet resistance with increased contact resistance.
An interactive site modeling tool for estimating coverage regions for wireless communication systems in multifloored indoor environments (1995)

For indoor wireless communication systems, RF transceivers need to be placed strategically to achieve optimum communication coverage at the lowest cost. Unfortunately, the coverage region for a transceiver depends heavily on the type of building and on the placement of walls within the building. Traditionally, therefore, transceiver locations have been selected by human experts who rely on experience and heuristics to obtain the optimum (or near-optimum) placement. This thesis describes an interactive software system that can be used to assist in transceiver placement. It is intended to be easy to use by individuals who are not experts at wireless communication system design. After the user has selected transceiver locations within a graphical floor plan, the system interprets the floor plan and uses simple path loss models to estimate coverage regions for each transceiver. These regions are highlighted, enabling the user to assess the total coverage. This thesis describes the methodology used to compute the coverage regions for multifloored buildings. The effect of interference sources on coverage regions has also been analyzed using simple propagation prediction models. The resulting system is expected to be useful in the deployment of indoor wireless systems.
Increasing compliance with low tidal volume ventilation in the ICU with two nudge-based interventions: evaluation through intervention time-series analyses (2016)

This study has demonstrated that adjustment of default ventilator settings and a dashboard with alerts for excessive TVe can significantly influence clinical decision-making. This offers a promising strategy to improve compliance with low TVe ventilation, and suggests that using insights from behavioural science has potential to improve the translation of evidence into practice.
Triphysaria pusilla (Benth.) T.I. Chuang & Heckard (1999)

https://thekeep.eiu.edu/herbarium_specimens_byname/16336/thumbnail.jpg
Chemical Gas Sensors: Recent Developments, Challenges, and the Potential of Machine Learning—A Review (2021)

Nowadays, there is increasing interest in fast, accurate, and highly sensitive smart gas sensors with excellent selectivity boosted by the high demand for environmental safety and healthcare applications. Significant research has been conducted to develop sensors based on novel highly sensitive and selective materials. Computational and experimental studies have been explored in order to identify the key factors in providing the maximum active location for gas molecule adsorption including bandgap tuning through nanostructures, metal/metal oxide catalytic reactions, and nano junction formations. However, there are still great challenges, specifically in terms of selectivity, which raises the need for combining interdisciplinary fields to build smarter and high-performance gas/chemical sensing devices. This review discusses current major gas sensing performance-enhancing methods, their advantages, and limitations, especially in terms of selectivity and long-term stability. The discussion then establishes a case for the use of smart machine learning techniques, which offer effective data processing approaches, for the development of highly selective smart gas sensors. We highlight the effectiveness of static, dynamic, and frequency domain feature extraction techniques. Additionally, cross-validation methods are also covered; in particular, the manipulation of the k-fold cross-validation is discussed to accurately train a model according to the available datasets. We summarize different chemresistive and FET gas sensors and highlight their shortcomings, and then propose the potential of machine learning as a possible and feasible option. The review concludes that machine learning can be very promising in terms of building the future generation of smart, sensitive, and selective sensors.
Small B cell lymphocytic lymphoma presenting as obstructive sleep apnea (2004)

It is uncommon for lymphoma to initially present as OSA. SLL is an indolent malignancy and is not easy to detect in the early stage. We conclude that SLL may be a contributing factor of OSA in the present case.
Aconite poisoning (2009)

Aconite roots contain aconitine, mesaconitine, hypaconitine, and other Aconitum alkaloids, which are known cardiotoxins and neurotoxins. Patients present predominantly with neurological, cardiovascular, and gastrointestinal features. Management is supportive; the early use of cardiopulmonary bypass is recommended if ventricular arrhythmias and cardiogenic shock are refractory to first-line treatment.
<title>Efficiency improvement in light-emitting diodes based on geometrically deformed chips</title> (1999)

We propose LEDs based on geometrically deformed chips of which the horizontal cross-section is either rhomboidal or triangular and, in addition, side walls may also be slanted. In such deformed chips, the photon trajectory changes with each reflection off the wall and, as a result, the continued total internal reflections as observed in conventional rectangular cubic chips are suppressed.
[Comparative effects of an extract of Ginkgo biloba and chlorpromazine on the in vitro osmotic fragility of rat erythrocytes (author's transl)]. (1982)

The effects of different concentrations of an extract of Ginkgo biloba (Gb) and of chlorpromazine (CPZ) on the osmotic lysis of rat erythrocytes (produced by dilution of the incubation medium by 30%-70%) were compared in vitro. The erythrocytes were incubated together with Gb or Cpz at the time of the hemolytic reaction at 25 degrees or 37 degrees C in either a simple phosphate buffer or in a more complete buffer containing inorganic salts at physiological concentrations. CPZ produced a dose-dependent increase in the membrane resistance, the maximum effect occurring at 10(-4) M regardless of the experimental conditions used. Gb also increased membrane resistance, but to a lesser extent than CPZ. In addition, Gb was more effective under conditions which increased erythrocyte membrane fragility; i.e., 37 degrees C, simple phosphate buffer. The mechanism of action of Gb seems to differ from that of CPZ. The activity of CPZ (as a membrane stabilizer) is, in part, due to its penetration into the membrane phospholipid layer. Gb might act in a similar manner, but could also modify Na+ transport across the cell membrane by an action on adrenergic receptors, or could stimulate Na+, K+-ATP-ase activity, as has been described for norepinephrine. As Gb contains many molecular constituents: its action on the membrane is likely to be quite complex; but this effect could be associate with its vascular therapeutic action.
Controlled Kernel Launch for Dynamic Parallelism in GPUs (2017)

Dynamic parallelism (DP) is a promising feature for GPUs, which allows on-demand spawning of kernels on the GPU without any CPU intervention. However, this feature has two major drawbacks. First, the launching of GPU kernels can incur significant performance penalties. Second, dynamically-generated kernels are not always able to efficiently utilize the GPU cores due to hardware-limits. To address these two concerns cohesively, we propose SPAWN, a runtime framework that controls the dynamically-generated kernels, thereby directly reducing the associated launch overheads and queuing latency. Moreover, it allows a better mix of dynamically-generated and original (parent) kernels for the scheduler to effectively hide the remaining overheads and improve the utilization of the GPU resources. Our results show that, across 13 benchmarks, SPAWN achieves 69% and 57% speedup over the flat (non-DP) implementation and baseline DP, respectively.
Incorporation of Rap 1b into the platelet cytoskeleton is dependent on thrombin activation and extracellular calcium. (1994)

Rap 1b is a 22-kDa low molecular mass GTP-binding protein which is both a member of the Ras superfamily and a substrate for cAMP-dependent protein kinase. Recently, evidence has been presented to show that Rap 1b is incorporated into the detergent-extracted cytoskeleton of platelets during thrombin-induced activation. The aims of this study were to compare the incorporation of Rap 1b into the detergent-extracted cytoskeleton after activation with different agonists, to examine the role of extracellular calcium on the incorporation of Rap 1b into the cytoskeleton, to investigate the relationship between the association of Rap 1b and other proteins with the cytoskeleton, and to determine the effect of phosphorylation of Rap 1b incorporation into the cytoskeleton. Platelets were activated with thrombin, A23187, phorbol myristate acetate, ADP, epinephrine, and collagen in the presence and absence of calcium. The time dependence of Rap 1b incorporation into the detergent-extracted cytoskeleton was then measured. When platelets were activated by thrombin in the presence of extracellular calcium, conditions which permit aggregation, incorporation of Rap 1b into the detergent-extracted cytoskeleton was biphasic. Approximately 20% of the total cellular Rap 1b incorporated into the cytoskeleton within seconds and was followed by a slower second phase of incorporation. In contrast, when platelets were activated by thrombin in the absence of calcium, conditions which inhibit aggregation, or by the other agents in the presence or absence of calcium, only the initial phase of Rap 1b incorporation into the cytoskeleton was measured. The incorporation of Rap 1b paralleled the incorporation of membrane glycoproteins (GP) IIb/IIIa and PECAM-1, but not the incorporation of pp60c-src. The GTPase-activating protein for Ras (Ras-GAP) did not associate with the detergent-extracted cytoskeleton. Two-dimensional isoelectric focusing SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the total cellular and cytoskeletal Rap 1b showed that unphosphorylated as well as phosphorylated isoforms of Rap 1b were incorporated into the cytoskeleton in the same molar ratio as was present in the intact cell. Furthermore, the rates of incorporation of phosphorylated and unphosphorylated Rap 1b into the cytoskeleton were similar. These experiments show that Rap 1b can regulate events that take place within seconds after activation, such as the initial formation of the cytoskeleton, as well as longer term changes in the cytoskeleton that occur in response to thrombin-induced aggregation. Furthermore, phosphorylation could modulate the (unknown) functions of Rap 1b as a component of the cytoskeleton.
THE SECOND BLIND SPOT: SMALL RETINAL VESSEL VASCULOPATHY AFTER VACCINATION AGAINST NEISSERIA MENINGITIDIS AND YELLOW FEVER (2016)

We describe a case of small artery occlusion in a previously healthy patient, 4 days after vaccination against N. meningitidis and yellow fever. Fluorescein angiography yielded greater diagnostic value than OCTA for evaluating the occlusion, whereas spectral domain optical coherence tomography angiography enabled better visualization of capillary dropout and layer-specific assessment. Further research is required to determine whether vaccination in general, or directed specifically at N. meningitidis or yellow fever, is associated with small vessel vasculopathy and the underlying pathogenesis.
Evaluation of a novel collagen-gelatin scaffold for achieving the sustained release of basic fibroblast growth factor in a diabetic mouse model (2012)

The objective of this study was to evaluate the ability of a scaffold, collagen-gelatin sponge (CGS), to release basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) in a sustained manner, using a pressure-induced decubitus ulcer model involving genetically diabetic mice. We confirmed that CGSs impregnated with a bFGF concentration of up to 50 µg/cm(2) were able to sustain the release of bFGF throughout their biodegradation. We prepared decubitus ulcers on diabetic mice. After debriding the ulcers, we implanted CGSs (diameter 8 mm) impregnated with normal saline solution (NSS) or bFGF solution (7, 14, 28 or 50 µg/cm(2)). At 1 and 2 weeks after implantation, the mice were sacrificed and tissue specimens were obtained. The wound area, neoepithelium length and numbers and total area of newly formed capillaries were evaluated. The CGSs impregnated with NSS became infected and degraded, whereas the CGSs impregnated with 7 or 14 µg/cm(2) bFGF displayed accelerated dermis-like tissue formation and the CGSs impregnated with 14 µg/cm(2) bFGF produced significant improvements in the remaining wound area, neoepithelium length and numbers and total area of newly formed capillaries compared with the NSS group. No significant difference was observed between the NSS and 50 µg/cm(2) bFGF groups. CGSs impregnated with 7-14 µg/cm(2) bFGF accelerated wound healing, and an excess amount of bFGF did not increase the wound-healing efficacy of the CGSs. Our CGS is a scaffold that can release positively charged growth factors such as bFGF in a sustained manner and shows promise as a scaffold for skin regeneration.
Thermoelastic generation of continuous Lamb waves for microfluidic devices (2004)

We use the thermoelastic effect as non-contact method to generate Lamb waves for applications in microfluidics. Our system uses a regeneratively amplified ultrafast Ti:Sapphire laser producing 150 fs pulses at a 250 kHz repetition rate. These pulses are focused onto a commercially available 2 /spl mu/m thick nitrocellulose membrane coated with gold. Strongly chirped Lamb waves are generated using a cylindrical lens to produce a single line focus. We measure extremely slow phase velocities ranging from 80 to 150 m/s within a frequency range from 250 kHz to 2 MHz. Adjusting the spacing of a multiple line source produces CW Lamb waves at frequencies of 250 kHz, 500 kHz, and 750 kHz. These results show that the thermoelastic effect is a promising non-contact method to generate CW Lamb waves for microfluidic devices.
Alterations in interhemispheric functional and anatomical connectivity are associated with tobacco smoking in humans (2015)

Abnormal interhemispheric functional connectivity correlates with several neurologic and psychiatric conditions, including depression, obsessive-compulsive disorder, schizophrenia, and stroke. Abnormal interhemispheric functional connectivity also correlates with abuse of cannabis and cocaine. In the current report, we evaluated whether tobacco abuse (i.e., cigarette smoking) is associated with altered interhemispheric connectivity. To that end, we examined resting state functional connectivity (RSFC) using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in short term tobacco deprived and smoking as usual tobacco smokers, and in non-smoker controls. Additionally, we compared diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) in the same subjects to study differences in white matter. The data reveal a significant increase in interhemispheric functional connectivity in sated tobacco smokers when compared to controls. This difference was larger in frontal regions, and was positively correlated with the average number of cigarettes smoked per day. In addition, we found a negative correlation between the number of DTI streamlines in the genual corpus callosum and the number of cigarettes smoked per day. Taken together, our results implicate changes in interhemispheric functional and anatomical connectivity in current cigarette smokers.