gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Application of Microreactor to the Preparation of C-11-Labeled Compounds <i>via</i> <i>O</i>-[<sup>11</sup>C]Methylation with [<sup>11</sup>C]CH<sub>3</sub>I: Rapid Synthesis of [<sup>11</sup>C]Raclopride (2015)

A new radiolabeling method using a microreactor was developed for the rapid synthesis of [(11)C]raclopride. A chip bearing a Y-shaped mixing junction with a 200 µm (width)×20 µm (depth)×250 mm (length) flow channel was designed, and the efficiency of O-[11C]methylation was evaluated. Dimethyl sulfoxide solutions containing the O-desmethyl precursor or [11C]CH3I were introduced into separate injection ports by infusion syringes, and the radiochemical yields were measured under various conditions. The decay-corrected radiochemical yield of microreactor-derived [11C]raclopride reached 12% in 20 s at 25 °C, which was observed to increase with increasing temperature. In contrast, batch synthesis at 25 °C produced a yield of 5%: this indicates that this device could effectively achieve O-[11C]methylation in a shorter period of time. The microreactor technique may facilitate simple and efficient routine production of 11C-labeled compounds via O-[11C]methylation with [11C]CH3I.
THE LINK BETWEEN ROADKILLS DISTRIBUTION AND THE SURROUNDING LANDSCAPE IN TWO HIGHWAYS IN NAVARRE, SPAIN (2012)

A research on wildlife road-kills, mostly medium-sized mammals, has been conducted for two years along two highways (namely A-15 and A-10) in the Euro Siberian area of northwest Navarre (Northern Spain) between the westernmost side of the Pyrenees and the Basque Mountains.The study intended to find out a link between their distribution and the structure of the landscape surrounding it.The roads were segmented into 100-m stretches, and inspected weekly for roadkill by research staff with the collaboration of the maintenance service of both freeways.The data of the 539 animals recorded and geolocated in the segments were analysed spatially and matched to the surrounding landscape and presence of crossing structures.Results showed that the spatial distribution of wild medium-sized mammal road-kills along these freeways was not random, and that the surrounding landscape and the potential permeability of these roads did affect the road-kill rates.Existence of permeable crossings and heterogeneous landscape units reduced roadkill, while homogeneous agricultural and human landscapes increased roadkill rates.
Inhibition of HeLa Cell Protein Synthesis by the Vaccinia Virion (1968)

HeLa cell protein synthesis is rapidly suppressed after infection with purified vaccinia virus. This was measured in three ways. (i) In the presence of 5 mug of actinomycin D per ml, viral protein synthesis was prevented and the decline in host protein synthesis was measured directly. (ii) Virus particles irradiated with 800 ergs or more of ultraviolet (UV) light per mm(2) are defective in their ability to initiate viral protein synthesis, but they still inhibit host protein synthesis. After addition of UV-irradiated virus, the decline in host protein synthesis was measured. (iii) Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis was used to distinguish between host- and virus-induced proteins. The following results were obtained. (i) The inhibition of HeLa cell protein synthesis begins within 20 min after infection with purified vaccinia particles. Greater than 95% inhibition occurs within 1 to 4 hr after infection, depending on the viral multiplicity used. (ii) The synthesis of viral ribonucleic acid or viral protein is not required for the inhibition of host protein synthesis. (iii) The ability of the virus particles to inhibit cell protein synthesis is lost after heat or detergent treatment. (iv) The ability of the virus particles to inhibit cell protein synthesis is retained after UV-irradiation. (v) Vaccinia viral protein synthesis in preinfected cells is resistant to the effects of superinfection with UV-irradiated vaccinia particles. (vi) Inhibition of cell protein synthesis is complete and does not involve the continued synthesis of small polypeptide fragments. (vii) A decrease in the size of host polyribosomes rapidly follows infection with vaccinia virus. The results are interpreted as a selective effect of some constituent of the vaccinia virus particle or virus-activated host enzyme on host protein synthesis at a level beyond that of transcription.
Endurance Enhancement and High Speed Set/Reset of 50 nm Generation HfO2Based Resistive Random Access Memory Cell by Intelligent Set/Reset Pulse Shape Optimization and Verify Scheme (2012)

This paper proposes a verify-programming method for the resistive random access memory (ReRAM) cell which achieves a 50-times higher endurance and a fast set and reset compared with the conventional method. The proposed verify-programming method uses the incremental pulse width with turnback (IPWWT) for the reset and the incremental voltage with turnback (IVWT) for the set. With the combination of IPWWT reset and IVWT set, the endurance-cycle increases from 48 ×103 to 2444 ×103 cycles. Furthermore, the measured data retention-time after 20 ×103 set/reset cycles is estimated to be 10 years. Additionally, the filamentary based physical model is proposed to explain the set/reset failure mechanism with various set/reset pulse shapes. The reset pulse width and set voltage correspond to the width and length of the conductive-filament, respectively. Consequently, since the proposed IPWWT and IVWT recover set and reset failures of ReRAM cells, the endurance-cycles are improved.
Finite-difference modeling of viscoelastic and anisotropic wave propagation using the rotated staggered grid (2004)

Abstract We describe the application of the rotated staggered-grid (RSG) finite-difference technique to the wave equations for anisotropic and viscoelastic media. The RSG uses rotated finite-difference operators, leading to a distribution of modeling parameters in an elementary cell where all components of one physical property are located only at one single position. This can be advantageous for modeling wave propagation in anisotropic media or complex media, including high-contrast discontinuities, because no averaging of elastic moduli is needed. The RSG can be applied both to displacement-stress and to velocity-stress finite-difference (FD) schemes, whereby the latter are commonly used to model viscoelastic wave propagation. With a von Neumann-style anlysis, we estimate the dispersion error of the RSG scheme in general anisotropic media. In three different simulation examples, all based on previously published problems, we demonstrate the application and the accuracy of the proposed numerical approach.
Integrative genomics viewer (IGV): Visualizing alignments and variants (2017)

The Integrative Genomics Viewer (IGV) is a visualization tool for interactive exploration of large, integrated genomic datasets. This chapter demonstrates how to use IGV to view alignments and small variants in the NA12878 exome. IGV is a really nice piece of software with lots of bells and whistles. The chapter presents a small subset of these capabilities that are relevant to the analysis of small variants in exome sequencing. IGV can be used to view alignments in SAM or BAM format. In both cases, the alignment file needs to be indexed. IGV offers many reference genomes by default, so that users can choose a genome by clicking on it in the Genomes drop-down menu. It is a good idea to inspect any variants considered to be candidates for the experimental or medical workup in IGV to identify potential false-positive (poor-quality) variants early.
Automatic gain control and multi-style training for robust small-footprint keyword spotting with deep neural networks (2015)

We explore techniques to improve the robustness of small-footprint keyword spotting models based on deep neural networks (DNNs) in the presence of background noise and in far-field conditions. We find that system performance can be improved significantly, with relative improvements up to 75% in far-field conditions, by employing a combination of multi-style training and a proposed novel formulation of automatic gain control (AGC) that estimates the levels of both speech and background noise. Further, we find that these techniques allow us to achieve competitive performance, even when applied to DNNs with an order of magnitude fewer parameters than our base-line.
Modeling and Implementation of Electroactive Smart Air-Conditioning Vent Register for Personalized HVAC Systems (2017)

This paper presents a novel heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning system that can achieve significant energy savings. A smart register that can reduce overall energy costs by up to 30%, compared to conventional devices, is demonstrated. A high abstraction model based on a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation is developed to predict the diffused airflow from the register. The model is validated to within a 10% error, and is found to be 1000 times more efficient than the detailed CFD simulations. Finally, a prototype of the electroactive smart air-conditioning vent register is implemented, and adjustments of the register's tunnels are implemented.
[Estimation of serum lipids: method without extraction adapted to autoanalysis (author's transl)]. (1979)

An entirely automatic method, without prior extraction, is described for the determination of total serum lipids by a nephelemetric method. The results are compared with those obtained by Canal's method. There is a good correlation between the two technics. With a similar concentration of lipid the respective quantities of cholesterol and triglyceride do not intervene in the flocculation. The respective influence of the bilirubin concentration, hemolysis, and the concentration and nature of the serum proteins is considered. This method should permit simultaneous autoanalysis of the three parameters of classical lipid investigation: total lipids, triglycerides and cholesterol.
Extracting cardiac shapes and motion of the chick embryo heart outflow tract from four-dimensional optical coherence tomography images (2012)

Recent advances in optical coherence tomography (OCT), and the development of image reconstruction algorithms, enabled four-dimensional (4-D) (three-dimensional imaging over time) imaging of the embryonic heart. To further analyze and quantify the dynamics of cardiac beating, segmentation procedures that can extract the shape of the heart and its motion are needed. Most previous studies analyzed cardiac image sequences using manually extracted shapes and measurements. However, this is time consuming and subject to inter-operator variability. Automated or semi-automated analyses of 4-D cardiac OCT images, although very desirable, are also extremely challenging. This work proposes a robust algorithm to semi automatically detect and track cardiac tissue layers from 4-D OCT images of early (tubular) embryonic hearts. Our algorithm uses a two-dimensional (2-D) deformable double-line model (DLM) to detect target cardiac tissues. The detection algorithm uses a maximum-likelihood estimator and was successfully applied to 4-D in vivo OCT images of the heart outflow tract of day three chicken embryos. The extracted shapes captured the dynamics of the chick embryonic heart outflow tract wall, enabling further analysis of cardiac motion.
A happy firmware/software development medium (2018)

In projects that are size, weight, and power (SWAP)-constrained, firmware and software development teams often negotiate trade-offs on complexity. Development efforts for radio firmware on the Frontier Radio, an APL Software Defined Radio (SDR) product, set a goal to improve the testability and integration between firmware and software. The Frontier Radio is baselined for the Europa Clipper project, a NASA mission in development jointly by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) and the Applied Physics Laboratory (APL). Radio firmware development aims to implement a regression testing pyramid approach in both the simulation and bench testing environments, building the infrastructure necessary to emulate flight software capabilities early-on in the firmware development cycle. Reaching this goal has entailed several key advancements spanning both the software and firmware teams. We've developed a custom command protocol designed for real-time control of a target processor bus, as well as implementation of DMA controllers to support this protocol. In the Ground Support Equipment (GSE), an expanded user testing interface in MATLAB has been built, providing the tools necessary to test flight software sequences in real-time over a debug link. Development of a custom VHDL testing suite has led to a solid base for simulation regression testing. Definition of a JAVA tool, the Register Map Tool, manages XML register map databases, and ties together dependencies across the different environments. This set of improvements has opened many new doors in development and testing capabilities on both the firmware and flight software sides, encouraging earlier flight software development/integration and reducing the risk of unforeseen integration efforts.
Antitumor Agents, 81. Justicidin-A and Diphyllin, Two Cytotoxic Principles from Justicia procumbens (1986)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAntitumor Agents, 81. Justicidin-A and Diphyllin, Two Cytotoxic Principles from Justicia procumbensNarihiko Fukamiya and Kuo-Hsiung LeeCite this: J. Nat. Prod. 1986, 49, 2, 348–350Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1986Publication History Published online1 July 2004Published inissue 1 March 1986https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/np50044a030https://doi.org/10.1021/np50044a030research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views573Altmetric-Citations92LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Permeability of Small Alcohols through Commercial Ion-Exchange Membranes Used in Electrodialysis (2016)

The use of solvent mixtures composed of water and organic cosolvents enables electrodialysis to remove poor water-soluble organic compounds from solutions. The flux of organic cosolvents forms the main problem for these applications because of changing cosolvent concentrations. The present paper investigates the permeability of small linear alcohols, namely, methanol, ethanol, and 1-propanol, through commercial ion-exchange membranes. The membrane permeability decreases with increasing molecular size of the cosolvent. This indicates that the transport is limited by steric hindrance in the membrane. However, the use of 1-propanol leads to a high pressure drop and a high permeability in certain membranes. In addition, the effect of operating parameters on the cosolvent permeability was tested. A change in current density has only a minor influence on the cosolvent flux. The flux of organic cosolvents was found to be mainly determined by the concentration gradient of alcohol across the membrane. The cosolvent permeability decreases with an increase in the concentration gradient. A screening of several cation and anion-exchange membranes from PCA GmbH and Astom Corporation was performed and showed that all membranes tested have a lower permeability than Nafion membranes.
On-line detection of continuous changes in stochastic processes (2015)

This paper addresses the issue of detecting changes in stochastic processes. In conventional studies on change detection, it has been explored how to detect discrete changes for which the statistical models of data suddenly change. We are rather concerned with how to detect continuous changes which occurs incrementally over some successive periods. This paper gives a novel methodology for detecting continuous changes. We first define the information-theoretic measure of continuous change and prove that it is invariant with respect to the parametrization of statistical model. We then propose an efficient algorithm to detect continuous changes according to the proposed measure. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our method through the experiments using synthetic data and the applications to security and economic event detection.
Aqueous uranium complexes. 2. Raman spectroscopic study of the complex formation of the dioxouranium(VI) ion with a variety of inorganic and organic ligands (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAqueous uranium complexes. 2. Raman spectroscopic study of the complex formation of the dioxouranium(VI) ion with a variety of inorganic and organic ligandsChinh Nguyen Trung, G. M. Begun, and Donald A. PalmerCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1992, 31, 25, 5280–5287Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic00051a021https://doi.org/10.1021/ic00051a021research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1493Altmetric-Citations221LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
3D FEM simulation of SAW resonators using hierarchical cascading technique and general purpose graphic processing unit (2019)

Abstract This paper proposes an application of a general purpose graphic processing unit (GPGPU) to the finite element method analysis based on the hierarchical cascading technique (HCT). It is proved that GPGPU can accelerate the HCT significantly, especially for large scale problems. Thanks to significant acceleration, full three-dimensional simulation is possible for practical surface acoustic wave (SAW) device structures. Besides admittance curve, the displacement field is calculated. It is shown that SAW scattering occurs at the boundary at busbar spaces between the interdigital transducer (IDT) and reflector regions.
Package-Interposer-Package (PIP): A breakthrough Package-on-Package (PoP) technology for high end electronics (2011)

This paper discusses a new 3D “Package-Interposer-Package” (PIP) solution suitable for combining multiple memory, ASICs, stacked die, stacked packaged die, etc., into a single package. Recent work on interposers to join multiple packages is highlighted, with particular attention paid to the processing of the electrical joints formed between the interposer and package. A variety of package-interposer-package joining approaches were considered. Photographs were used to investigate the joining, conducting mechanism and path. Traditional Package-on-Package (PoP) approaches use direct solder connections between the packages and are limited to use of single (or minimum) die in the bottom package(s) in order to avoid warpage and poor reliability performance. This is because each package may have a different warpage trend from room temperature to reflow temperature when combined with other packages. For PIP, the stability imparted by the interposer reduces warpage and increases stability, allowing assemblers of the PIP to select the top and bottom components (packages, dies, stacked die, modules) from various suppliers. PIP can accommodate multiple stacks of dies. PIP can use modules with stacked die where modules can be organic, ceramic, or silicon board, where each can be detached and replaced without affecting the rest of the package. Thus PIP will be economical for high-end electronics, where a damaged, non-functional part of the package can be selectively removed and replaced. The paper also describes interconnect construction for a PIP. The present process allows fabrication of PIP interconnect joints having diameters in the range of 55-300 microns, allowing finer pitch, higher density packaging structures. The processes and materials used to achieve smaller feature dimensions, satisfy stringent registration requirements, and achieve robust electrical interconnections are discussed.
Structure of an MHC I–tapasin–ERp57 editing complex defines chaperone promiscuity (2022)

Adaptive immunity depends on cell surface presentation of antigenic peptides by major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC I) molecules and on stringent ER quality control in the secretory pathway. The chaperone tapasin in conjunction with the oxidoreductase ERp57 is crucial for MHC I assembly and for shaping the epitope repertoire for high immunogenicity. However, how the tapasin-ERp57 complex engages MHC I clients has not yet been determined at atomic detail. Here, we present the 2.7-Å crystal structure of a tapasin-ERp57 heterodimer in complex with peptide-receptive MHC I. Our study unveils molecular details of client recognition by the multichaperone complex and highlights elements indispensable for peptide proofreading. The structure of this transient ER quality control complex provides the mechanistic basis for the selector function of tapasin and showcases how the numerous MHC I allomorphs are chaperoned during peptide loading and editing.