gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Ammonia IRMS-TPD measurements and DFT calculation on acidic hydroxyl groups in CHA-type zeolites (2007)

Brønsted acidity of H-chabazite (CHA) zeolites (Si : Al(2) = 4.2) was investigated by means of ammonia infrared-mass spectrometry/temperature-programmed desorption (IRMS-TPD) methods and density functional calculations. Four IR bands were observed at 3644, 3616, 3575 and 3538 cm(-1), and they were ascribable to the acidic OH groups on four nonequivalent oxygen sites in the CHA structure. The absorption band at 3538 cm(-1) was attributed to the O(4)H in the 6-membered ring (MR), and ammonia adsorption energy (DeltaU) of this OH group was the lowest among the 4 kinds of OH groups. The other 3 bands were assigned to the acidic OH groups in 8MR. It was observed that the DeltaU in 8 and 6MR were 131 (+/-3) and 101 kJ mol(-1), respectively. On the other hand, the density functional theory (DFT) calculations within periodic boundary conditions yielded the adsorption energies on these OH groups in 8 and 6MR to be ca. 130 and 110 kJ mol(-1), respectively, in good agreement with the experimentally-observed values.
Influence of BoLA-DRB3 Polymorphism and Bovine Leukemia Virus (BLV) Infection on Dairy Cattle Productivity (2023)

Enzootic bovine leukosis caused by the bovine leukemia virus (BLV) results in substantial damage to the livestock industry; however, we lack an effective cure or vaccine. <i>BoLA-DRB3</i> polymorphism in BLV-infected cattle is associated with the proviral load (PVL), infectivity in the blood, development of lymphoma, and in utero infection of calves. Additionally, it is related to the PVL, infectivity, and anti-BLV antibody levels in milk. However, the effects of the <i>BoLA-DRB3</i> allele and BLV infection on dairy cattle productivity remain poorly understood. Therefore, we investigated the effect of BLV infection and <i>BoLA-DRB3</i> allele polymorphism on dairy cattle productivity in 147 Holstein dams raised on Japanese dairy farms. Our findings suggested that BLV infection significantly increased milk yield. Furthermore, the <i>BoLA-DRB3</i> allele alone, and the combined effect of BLV infection and the <i>BoLA-DRB3</i> allele had no effect. These results indicate that on-farm breeding and selection of resistant cattle, or the preferential elimination of susceptible cattle, does not affect dairy cattle productivity. Additionally, BLV infection is more likely to affect dairy cattle productivity than <i>BoLA-DRB3</i> polymorphism.
Geometrical appearance and spatial arrangement of structural blocks of the Malan loess in NW China: implications for the formation of loess columns (2018)

Loess, as one of the main Quaternary deposits, covers approximately 6% of the land surface of the Earth. Although loess is loose and fragile, loess columns are popular and they can stand stably for hundreds of years, thereby forming a spectacular landform. The formation of such special column-shaped soil structures is puzzling, and the underlying fundamentals remain unclear. The present study focuses on quantifying and examining the geometrical shape and spatial alignment of structural blocks of the Malan loess at different locations in the Loess Plateau of China. The structural blocks under investigation include clay- and silt-sized particles, aggregates, fragments, lumps, and columns, which vary in size from microns to tens of meters. Regardless of their size, the structural blocks of the Malan loess are found to be similar in shape, i.e., elongated with a length-to-width ratio of approximately 2.6. The aggregates, fragments, lumps, columns, and macropores between aggregates exhibit strong concentration in the vertical or subvertical alignment. These phenomena imply that the Malan loess is anisotropic and it is composed of a combination of vertically aligned strong units and vertically aligned weak segments. Based on this, “vertiloess” structure is proposed to denote this combination. The vertiloess structure prevents horizontal erosion, but favors spalling, peeling, toppling, falling and cracking-sliding of vertical loess pieces, thereby forming loess columns.
Phosphoproteomics (2009)

Current analytical protein methods show phosphorylation to be the most ubiquitous, evolutionary conserved post-translational modification Post-Translational Modification (PTM). The reversible and transient nature of protein phosphorylation allows signal transduction pathways to carry out diverse cellular functions. From bacteria to humans, phosphorylation serves to modify protein function by altering protein stability, cellular location, substrate affinity, complex formation, and activity; thus allowing essential events such as cell cycle and growth to occur at precise times and locations. Phosphorylation controls a variety of events at many biological levels including: housekeeping activities controlled by single cells such as DNA transcription, cell-cycle regulation, and energy metabolism; and cellular processes that involve signaling between cells or the environment including such as neuronal migration and immune system recognition. This review summarizes state-of-the-art proteomics technologies available to study phosphorylation in biological systems. We highlight the tremendous steps the field has made in the last 5 years which allow quantitative global analyses while pointing out caveats in experimentation.
New Design Concept for Diesel Particulate Filter (2011)

&lt;div class="section abstract"&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;The Inlet-Membrane DPF, which has a small pore size membrane formed on the inlet side of the body wall, has been developed as a next generation diesel particulate filter (DPF). It simultaneously achieves low pressure drop, small pressure drop hysteresis, high robustness, and high filtration efficiency. Low pressure drop improves fuel economy. Small pressure drop hysteresis has the potential to extend the regeneration interval since the linear relationship between pressure drop and accumulated soot mass improves the accuracy of soot mass detection by means of the pressure drop values. The Inlet-membrane DPF's high robustness also extends the regeneration interval resulting in improved fuel economy and a lower risk of oil dilution while its high filtration efficiency reduces PM emissions.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;The concept of the Inlet-Membrane DPF was confirmed using disc type filters in 2008 and its performance was evaluated using full block samples in 2009. The Inlet-Membrane DPF showed low pressure drop and small pressure drop variation under several engine operation conditions, as well as sufficient durability verified under several evaluation conditions in 2010. This paper adds new data on an Inlet Membrane DPF for light duty (LD) application. Furthermore, the potential of the Inlet-Membrane technology for Heavy Duty (HD) and Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) on DPF applications were evaluated.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Tuning Cu/Cu2O Interfaces for the Reduction of Carbon Dioxide to Methanol in Aqueous Solutions (2018)

Artificial photosynthesis can be used to store solar energy and reduce CO<sub>2</sub> into fuels to potentially alleviate global warming and the energy crisis. Compared to the generation of gaseous products, it remains a great challenge to tune the product distribution of artificial photosynthesis to liquid fuels, such as CH<sub>3</sub> OH, which are suitable for storage and transport. Herein, we describe the introduction of metallic Cu nanoparticles (NPs) on Cu<sub>2</sub> O films to change the product distribution from gaseous products on bare Cu<sub>2</sub> O to predominantly CH<sub>3</sub> OH by CO<sub>2</sub> reduction in aqueous solutions. The specifically designed Cu/Cu<sub>2</sub> O interfaces balance the binding strengths of H* and CO* intermediates, which play critical roles in CH<sub>3</sub> OH production. With a TiO<sub>2</sub> model photoanode to construct a photoelectrochemical cell, a Cu/Cu<sub>2</sub> O dark cathode exhibited a Faradaic efficiency of up to 53.6 % for CH<sub>3</sub> OH production. This work demonstrates the feasibility and mechanism of interface engineering to enhance the CH<sub>3</sub> OH production from CO<sub>2</sub> reduction in aqueous electrolytes.
A REAL-TIME CONTROL ARCHITECTURE FOR AN APPROXIMATE PROCESSING BLACKBOARD SYSTEM (1993)

Approximate processing is an approach to real-time AI problem solving in domains in which compromise is possible between the resources required to generate a solution and the quality of that solution. It is a satisficing approach in which the goal is to produce acceptable solutions within the available time and computational resource constraints. Previous work has shown how to integrate approximate processing knowledge sources within the blackboard architecture. However, in order to solve real-time problems with hard deadlines using a blackboard system, we need to have: (1) a predictable blackboard execution loop, (2) a representation of the set of current and future tasks and their estimated durations, and (3) a model of how to modify those tasks when their deadlines are projected to be missed, and how the modifications will affect the task durations and results. This paper describes four components for achieving this goal in an approximate processing blackboard system. A parameterized low-level control loop allows predictable knowledge source execution, multiple execution channels allow dynamic control over the computation involved in each task, a meta-controller allows a representation of the set of current and future tasks and their estimated durations and results, and a real-time blackboard scheduler monitors and modifies tasks during execution so that deadlines are met. An example is given that illustrates how these components work together to construct a satisficing solution to a time-constrained problem in the Distributed Vehicle Monitoring Testbed (DVMT).
A Case of Stupor of Twelve Years' Duration with Complete Amnesia for Ten Years. (Amer. Journ. Psychiat., vol. xiii, p. 1272, May, 1934.) Munn, C. (1934)

An abstract is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. Please use the Get access link above for information on how to access this content.
The Performance and Characteristics of Students' Aesthetic Fatigue in Multimedia Age (2008)

Electronic media become an intermediary to explain the show's sensibility aesthetic world in multimedia age,and it not only guide students in the manufacture of aesthetic expression of desire and the narrative,but also bring a comprehensive,cumulative,groups aesthetic fatigue.These aesthetic fatigue specific performance in vision,hearing and physical fatigue,and these bring the thinking of the aesthetic education for college students in multimedia age.
Architecture implications in the design of microprocessors (1984)

This paper examines how architecture, the definition of the instruction set and other facilities that are available to the user, can influence the implementation of a very large scale integration (VLSI) microsystem. The instruction set affects the system implementation in a number of direct ways. The instruction formats determine the complexity of instruction decoding. The addressing modes available determine not only the hardware needed (multiported register files or three-operand adders), but also the complexity of the overall machine pipeline as greater variability is introduced in the time it takes to obtain an operand. Naturally, the actual operations specified by the instructions determine the hardware needed by the execution unit. In a less direct way, the architecture also determines the memory bandwidth required. A few key parameters are introduced that characterize the architecture and can be simply obtained from a typical workload. These parameters are used to analyze the memory bandwidth required and indicate whether the system is CPU- or memory-limited at a given design point. The implications of caches and virtual memories are also briefly considered.
Observation of Levitating Micro Droplet by Optical Trapping (2017)

Optical trapping is used for many studies. However, optical trapping traps only very small droplets. Therefore, observation of the trapped droplet is difficult. We tried to observe the droplet with several observation systems. First, an objective lens with a variable iris is used. The iris cuts scattering light of trapping laser. Second, a telecentric lens is used instead of the objective lens. The telecentric lens catches only parallel ray. Shape of droplets can be observed without scattering light. Third, a color filter and backlight are used to cut almost all laser light and observe droplets as shade. In this, droplets are too unclear to observe. To count droplets, first and second ways are used. However, to observe in detail, this observation system needs to be improved.
The effect of carbon on strain relaxation and phase formation in the Ti/Si1−x−yGexCy/Si contact system (1996)

We report the first study of interfacial reactions of a metal with Si1−x−yGexCy epitaxially grown on Si. The Ti/Si1−x−yGexCy/Si (0&amp;lt;y&amp;lt;1.7%) contact system was studied after isochronal heat treatments from 500 to 800 °C. The results for Ti/Si1−xGex phase formation agree with recent published works. However, C incorporation in the epilayer causes a dramatic decrease in strain relaxation during the Ti reaction with the epilayer, a delay in the appearance of the C54 phase, a decreased Ge concentration in the silicide–germanide phases, and carbon accumulation (probably in the form of TiC) at the silicide–germanide/epilayer interface. Also, at high annealing temperatures, a roughing of the silicide–germanide/epilayer interface was detected for the C-containing samples. A possible explanation for the reduced strain relaxation is based on mobility of dislocations.
A systematic review of guided tissue regeneration for periodontal infrabony defects (2002)

Overall, GTR was more effective than OFD in improving attachment levels. However, there was marked variability between studies and general conclusions about the clinical benefit of GTR are limited by this heterogeneity. Future studies should aim to identify factors associated with achieving consistent benefits over open flap debridement. Open flap surgery should remain the control comparison in these studies.
Interference microscopy offers new applications for biomedical research (2013)

An emerging tool in life sciences, quantitative biological imaging, and nanobiotechnology, interference microscopy provides opportunities to study the biophysical properties of living cells as never before.
Principles of Nutrient Uptake from Fertilizer Bands. VII. P32 Uptake by Brace Roots of Maize and Its Distribution Within the Leaves1 (1966)

Abstract The influence on phosphorus uptake of area of roots in the fertilized soil and the rate of fertilization was investigated using aerial brace roots of maize. Either 1 or 2 brace roots were directed into soil containing 0.62 or 3.10 g of phosphorus labeled with P 32 . The radioactivity of the tip and/or basal portions of all leaves was measured by wrapping one thickness of leaf around a long G–M tube. The distribution of P 32 in several leaves was mapped with an end window G–M tube. The P 32 accumulation measured by the in‐situ technique was highly correlated with that of the standard briquet method. Phosphorus uptake varied with the rate of fertilization and the number of fed brace roots. The proportion of total phosphorus derived from the fertilizer ranged from 1–37%. The P 32 distribution in the leaves depended upon their position relative to the fertilized brace roots. The leaves on the brace root side had higher P 32 activity in their tip portions than in their basal portions. This distribution is explained by limited connections between vascular bundles of the stem and the diverging of the leaf veins from the midrib.
The IGFBP7 homolog Imp-L2 promotes insulin signaling in distinct neurons of the Drosophila brain (2013)

Summary In Drosophila , Insulin-like peptide 2 (Dilp-2) is expressed by insulin-producing cells in the brain, and is secreted into the hemolymph to activate insulin signaling systemically. Within the brain, however, a more local activation of insulin signaling may be required to couple behavioral and physiological traits to nutritional inputs. We show that a small subset of neurons in the larval brain has high Dilp-2-mediated insulin signaling activity. This local insulin signaling activation is accompanied by selective Dilp-2 uptake and depends on the expression of the Imaginal morphogenesis protein-late 2 (Imp-L2) in the target neurons. We suggest that Imp-L2 acts as a licensing factor for neuronal IIS activation through Dilp-2 to further increase the precision of insulin activity in the brain.
Synthesis of Seleno‐Heterocycles via Electrophilic/Radical Cyclization of Alkyne Containing Heteroatoms (2020)

Abstract containing heterocyclic scaffolds by virtue of their interesting reactivities and a broad range of applications in the medicinal and materials chemistry. This review involves the electrophilic/radical cyclization of alkynes containing heteroatoms which resulted into the novel Se‐heterocycles. The synthesis of seleno‐heterocycles via different nucleophiles including O , N , S , Se , Te , and C‐ nucleophiles is exhaustively discussed. Also, one‐pot electrophilic cyclization of 1,3‐diynes and 1,3,5‐triynes was described in details. Furthermore, the various mechanisms underlying the synthesis of selenium‐β‐lactam, carbapenem heterocycle, bis‐ and tris‐selenide alkene, β‐selenosulfonation and selenated alkynes were discussed. The Se‐heterocycles reported in this review allow preparing these selenated compounds bearing the selenium moiety both on the rings (outside) and inside the ring (e. g. selenophenes). The review demonstrates the growing opportunities to construct selenium containing heterocycles from alkynes containing heteroatoms. magnified image
Influence of Pulsed Electric Field (PEF) treatment on the extraction of lipids from the microalgae Auxenochlorella protothecoides (2011)

Summary form only given. Microalgae are a promising source of lipids and biopolymers. In most cases algal lipids are stored intracellular. During the extraction of intracellular products from cells the cell wall and the cell membrane are natural barriers, preserving the cell content. Pulsed Electric Field (PEF) treatment results in the electroporation (EP) or the electropermeabilization of the cell membrane. The formation of pores across the membrane often leads to an enhanced extraction process since solvents can penetrate the biomass matrix more efficiently. In this study the influence of PEF treatment on the extraction of lipids from the microalgae Auxenochlorella protothecoides. was investigated. Microalgae suspensions with a cell density of 50-100 g/1 (dry mass) and a lipid content of the algae of 15-20% (by weight) were treated in a flow cell connected to a transmission line pulse generator. Pulses of 1 μs were applied at a constant specific energy input. After PEF-treatment the microalgae were removed immediately from the suspension by centrifugation. The algae-pellet was dried before a solid liquid extraction was performed using ethanol as organic solvent. In order to investigate the spontaneous release of intracellular compounds the supernatant was analyzed using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). Compared to the control samples the Dissolved Organic Carbon Content (DOC) of the supernatant was up to 4 times higher after PEF-treatment. However the HPLC-analysis revealed that hardly any high molecular weight compounds and no hydrophobic substances, e.g. lipids, did leak out of the cells. The increase in DOC primarily was due to low molecular weight compounds, presumably monosaccharides and amino acids. The solid-liquid extraction experiments showed that the lipid-recovery from PEF treated microalgae was considerably higher compared to untreated cells. Although the EP did not lead to a spontaneous release of intracellular lipids into the surrounding liquid, it resulted in an improved lipid extraction from dehydrated microalgae.
{Bis[2-(diphenylphosphanyl)phenyl] ether-κ2P,P′}(1,1′-dibenzyl-1H,1′H-4,4′bi-1,2,3-triazole-κ2N3,N3′)copper(I) hexafluoridophosphate dichloromethane hemisolvate (2007)

In the crystal structure of the title compound, [Cu(C18H16N6)(C36H28OP2)]PF6&#183;0.5CH2Cl2 or [Cu(DPEPhos)(Bn-bta)]PF6&#183;0.5CH2Cl2 {DPEPhos = bis[(diphenylphosphanyl)phenyl] ether and Bn-bta = 1,1&#8242;-dibenzyl-1H,1&#8242;H-4,4&#8242;-bi-1,2,3triazole}, the Cu atom is coordinated by two N and two P atoms of the ligands in a strongly distorted tetrahedral environment. There are two crystallographically independent complex cations present, which differ significantly in their geometrical parameters. The solvent molecule is disordered but satisfactory atomic positions could not be determined.
Characterization of the pigmented shell-forming proteome of the common grove snail Cepaea nemoralis (2014)

The unique pulmonate shell-forming proteome that we report here reveals an abundance of both mollusc-specific and pulmonate-specific proteins, suggesting that novel coding sequences, and/or the extensive divergence of these sequences from ancestral sequences, supported the innovation of new shell types within the Conchifera. In addition, we report here the first evidence that molluscs use independently evolved mechanisms to pigment their shells. This proteome provides a solid foundation from which further studies aimed at the functional characterization of these shell-forming proteins can be conducted.
Temperature and Process Variations Aware Power Gating of Functional Units (2008)

Technology scaling has resulted in an exponential increase in the leakage power as well as the variations in leakage power of fabricated chips. Functional units (FUs), like Integer ALUs are regions of high power density and significantly contribute to the variation in the whole processor power consumption. Hence, it is important to reduce both the power consumption and the variation in power consumption of the FUs. Among existing FU power reduction techniques, power gating (PG) has been most effective. In this paper, we introduce a leakage sensor inside the FUs and propose a temperature and process variation aware power gating scheme, Leakage Aware Power Gating (LA-PG). Our experimental results demonstrate that LA-PG results in 22% reduction in mean and a 25% reduction in standard deviation of the ALU energy consumption when compared to existing power gating techniques, without significant performance penalty.
Functional Localization Within the Anterior Cerebellum (1941)

Ablation studies in the dog, cat and monkey reveal a functional type of localization within the anterior cerebellar lobe. This localization is so precise that functional units in single extremities, the neck and the labyrinths are discretely represented in isolated anterior cerebellar subdivisions.
Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. trifolii produces Lipo-chitin Oligosaccharides with nodE-dependent Highly Unsaturated Fatty Acyl Moieties (1996)

The lipo-chitin oligosaccharides (LCO) or nodulation factors synthesized by Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. trifolii were analyzed using positive mode fast atom bombardment and positive and negative mode electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. From their mass spectrometric behavior it is clearly possible to distinguish between the [M + Na]+ pseudomolecular ion of the nodE-independent molecule IV(C18:1,Ac) and the [M + H]+ pseudomolecular ion of the nodE-dependent molecule IV(C20:4,Ac), although they both have the same mass value. The results unequivocally show that the bacterial strain investigated produces nodE-dependent LCOs with highly unsaturated fatty acyl moieties. We further demonstrate that the interpretation of the mass spectrometric data by Philip-Hollingsworth et al. (Philip-Hollingsworth, S., Orgambide, G. G., Bradford, J. J., Smith, D. K., Hollingsworth, R. I., and Dazzo, F. B. (1995) J. Biol. Chem. 270, 20968) is incorrect and that their data do not contradict our hypothesis that the nodE gene determines the host specificity of R. leguminosarum bv. trifolii.