gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The War on Heterophilic Antibody Interference (2004)

Human heterophilic antibodies may bind the animal antibodies used in an immunoassay and thus produce erroneous results. Such interference has been increasingly recognized as a diagnostic problem (1)(2). In this issue of Clinical Chemistry , Adel Ismail (3) discusses the two main issues of heterophilic antibody interference in immunometric assays: how to detect it and how to avoid it. This is an important discussion to which all clinical chemists should feel invited. This field requires not only a profound understanding of heterophilic antibody interference but also hands-on experience with immunoassays.

To detect heterophilic antibody interference in the sample, the first critical step is to suspect it. The starting point is often a clinician contacting the laboratory about a mismatch between the clinical information and laboratory results. Once there is suspicion of such interference, a classic approach has been to make serial dilutions of the sample. As Ismail (3) points out, most samples with heterophilic antibody interference will then display nonlinearity. The author does not explain this nonlinearity but draws attention to the polyclonality of interfering antibodies, with affinities ranging from high to low, and he points out that with human antibodies more than one functional binding site is often involved. Human antibodies with high affinities for animal antibodies are specific for one or more animal species and do not bind human immunoglobulins. High-affinity human anti-human immunoglobulins would instantly form larger complexes, either to be removed from circulation or to cause serious disease. In our experience before the surge in therapeutic use of murine or humanized murine monoclonal antibodies, we found little evidence of interfering immunoglobulins from the immunoglobulin classes that normally exhibit higher affinities, i.e., IgA or IgG (personal observation). Low-affinity human antibodies often bind to both animal and human immunoglobulins, making heterophilic antibodies (human anti-animal) and rheumatoid …
Role of Chlamydia trachomatis in Perinatal Infection (1983)

The transmission of Chlamydia trachomatis from the infected cervix of a mother to the eye of an infant, with resultant inclusion conjunctivitis, was documented in humans and in primates 75 years ago by cytologic methods. With modern microbiologic methodology it is possible to quantitate this transmission. It is now known that 2%-24% (usually 7%-12%) of cervices are infected before delivery and that 18%-50% (usually 20%-25%) of infants born to culture-positive mothers develop conjunctivitis. In addition, nasopharyngeal infection occurs in 15%-20% of infants, and 3%-18% develop pneumonia due to C. trachomatis. Bronchiolitis and otitis media are less common infections. The consequence of rectal and vaginal colonization remains unknown, as does the significance of the increase in antibody titers against C. trachomatis throughout early childhood. Early studies suggesting that C. trachomatis was a prominent cause of postpartum endometritis and a cause of premature delivery have not been confirmed in larger prospective studies when mycoplasma species were simultaneously studied. A subset of mothers with active infection, as evidenced by IgM antibody against C. trachomatis, may have earlier delivery, but it is clear that evaluation of the contribution of C. trachomatis to maternal and fetal risk will require larger studies with evaluation of possible concurrent mycoplasmal infection.
Congenital Psoriasis: Case Report and Literature Review (2008)

While childhood psoriasis is fairly common, congenital psoriasis appears to be rare and has not been well characterized. We present a patient with histologically confirmed congenital psoriasis. By reviewing the literature, we aim to both define this disease and compare it to infantile and childhood psoriasis. Electronic searches found articles reporting patients with biopsy-proven congenital psoriasis. We recorded clinical features, such as family history, anatomic involvement, and disease severity. We compared these data with previous descriptions of infantile and childhood psoriasis. We included nine patients with congenital psoriasis in our analysis. No patient had a first-degree family history of psoriasis. While the face, scalp, chest, and trunk were frequently involved, the buttocks generally were spared. Several patients had persistent disease despite therapy. In this series, congenital psoriasis differed from infantile and childhood psoriasis in several respects. Specifically, congenital psoriasis was associated with a lower prevalence of relevant family history, which could increase over time, and a different pattern of anatomic involvement, which may reflect exposure to age-associated environmental factors. Although several patients with congenital psoriasis had severe disease, this likely represents publication bias. Additional reports of congenital psoriasis with extended follow-up are needed to better characterize this condition.
Power performance characterization of advanced CubeSat solar arrays using a programmable LED solar simulator (2016)

The space community is currently experiencing an increase in demand for low-cost high-reliability CubeSat photovoltaic subsystems which is driving advancement in lean testing and characterization instruments. Angstrom Designs and MMA Design demonstrate the capabilities of a programmable LED Solar Simulator (pLEDSS) as a performance characterization instrument for CubeSat solar arrays. AM0 current/voltage characterization was performed on the MMA eHaWK advanced deployable CubeSat solar array using Angstrom Designs' pLEDSS. Test and power analysis data are shown.
vCLIMB: A Novel Video Class Incremental Learning Benchmark (2022)

Continual learning (CL) is under-explored in the video domain. The few existing works contain splits with imbalanced class distributions over the tasks, or study the problem in unsuitable datasets. We introduce vCLIMB, a novel video continual learning benchmark. vCLIMB is a standardized test-bed to analyze catastrophic forgetting of deep models in video continual learning. In contrast to previous work, we focus on class incremental continual learning with models trained on a sequence of disjoint tasks, and distribute the number of classes uniformly across the tasks. We perform in-depth evaluations of existing CL methods in vCLIMB, and observe two unique challenges in video data. The selection of instances to store in episodic memory is performed at the frame level. Second, untrimmed training data influences the effectiveness of frame sampling strategies. We address these two challenges by proposing a temporal consistency regularization that can be applied on top of memory-based continual learning methods. Our approach significantly improves the baseline, by up to 24% on the untrimmed continual learning task.
ChemInform Abstract: CYCLOPROPANE AND ALLENE ANALOGS OF A BICYCLOBUTANE‐BRIDGED DIENE (1978)

Abstract Aus dem Tetramethyl‐3,4‐dimethylen‐tricyclohexan (I) erhält man mit Dichlorcarben (II), das aus Chloroform hergestellt wird, die Addukte (IIIa) und (IVa), die zu (IIIb) und (IVb) dechloriert werden können.
Temperature‐sensitive hyperbranched poly(glycidol)s with oligo(ethylene glycol) monoethers (2010)

Abstract Temperature‐dependent polymers are intelligent materials. In this study, biocompatible and temperature‐dependent hyperbranched poly(glycidol)s (HPGs) were synthesized and characterized. HPGs were succinylated then modified with the oligo(ethylene glycol) monoethers (OEG) for example methoxy di(ethylene glycol), methoxy tri(ethylene glycol), methoxy tetra(ethylene glycol), ethoxy di(ethylene glycol), ethoxy tri(ethylene glycol), and methoxy poly(ethylene glycol)s at different ratios. These polymers exhibited phase transitions at a specific temperature (the cloud point), depending on the composition of OEG. By tuning the composition of OEG in the polymer, thermosensitive polymers with cloud point near body temperature were produced. Endothermic peaks of these polymers were observed in the vicinity of the cloud point. It is suggested that at temperatures below the cloud point the polymers formed hydrophobic shells and became more hydrophobic at temperatures above the cloud point. Because they exhibited no cytotoxicity, these temperature‐sensitive polymers are useful for biomedical applications. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 48: 4047–4054, 2010
Synthesis of 2-phenylaminoadenosine from imidazole nucleosides. (1981)

Three methods for the synthesis of 2-phenylaminoadenosine (1, CV-1808), a potent coronary vasodilator with prolonged action, were exploited. 1) The reaction of 5-amino-4-cyano-1-(β-D-ribofuranosyl) imidazole (7) with phenyl isothiocyanate gave 7-imino-5-phenylamino-3-(β-D-ribofuranosyl) imidazo [4, 5-d] [1, 3]-thiazine (11), which, on alkaline treatment, rearranged to 6-mercapto-2-phenylamino-9-(β-D-ribofuranosyl) purine (12). On methylation, 12 gave the 6-methylmercapto derivative (14), which was converted to 1 by treatment with ammonia. 2) 5-Amino-4-cyano-1-(β-D-ribofuranosyl) imidazole (7) reacted with phenyl cyanamide in methanolic ammonia, giving 1 and 2-aminoadenosine as a by-product. 3) Ethyl 5-amino-1-(β-D-ribofuranosyl)-4-carboximidate (21b) was directly obtained by treatment of 5-amino-1-(2, 3, 5-tri-O-propionyl-β-D-ribofuranosyl) imidazole-4-carboxamide (4) with Meerwein's reagent followed by deacylation, and this was led to 1 by the reaction with phenyl cyanamide.
Expression of RGD minus fibronectin that does not form extracellular matrix fibrils is sufficient to decrease tumor metastasis (1998)

Fibronectin (FN) is a plasma and extracellular matrix (ECM) glycoprotein, the expression of which may modulate the invasive and metastatic abilities of cancer cells. LMM3 is a cell line derived from the highly metastatic mouse mammary adenocarcinoma MM3 and is unable to express FN both at protein and mRNA levels. To study the role of FN in the metastatic process, LMM3 cells were stably transfected with 2 variants (wt and RGD-minus) of a full length human FN cDNA. All analyzed clones secreted recombinant FN and although none assembled FN in the ECM they showed an in vitro reduced migratory ability and an increased adhesive capacity. FN-producing cells were assayed for experimental and spontaneous metastasis. All clones tested showed a significant reduction in the number of experimental lung metastasis when compared with a control clone. Similar trends were observed for spontaneous metastatic ability. Our results indicate that the expression of FN that lacks the well-recognized RGD cell-binding site and that does not form ECM fibrils, is sufficient to decrease the metastatic potential of cancer cells. Our results also suggest that an RGD-independent mechanism may be acting in the prevention of metastasis.
Modulating Adaptive Immune Responses to Peptide Self-Assemblies (2012)

Self-assembling peptides and peptide derivatives have received significant interest for several biomedical applications, including tissue engineering, wound healing, cell delivery, drug delivery, and vaccines. This class of materials has exhibited significant variability in immunogenicity, with many peptides eliciting no detectable antibody responses but others eliciting very strong responses without any supplemental adjuvants. Presently, strategies for either avoiding strong antibody responses or specifically inducing them are not well-developed, even though they are critical for the use of these materials both within tissue engineering and within immunotherapies. Here, we investigated the molecular determinants and immunological mechanisms leading to the significant immunogenicity of the self-assembling peptide OVA-Q11, which has been shown previously to elicit strong antibody responses in mice. We show that these responses can last for at least a year. Using adoptive transfer experiments and T cell knockout models, we found that these strong antibody responses were T cell-dependent, suggesting a route for avoiding or ensuring immunogenicity. Indeed, by deleting amino acid regions in the peptide recognized by T cells, immunogenicity could be significantly diminished. Immunogenicity could also be attenuated by mutating key residues in the self-assembling domain, thus preventing fibrillization. A second self-assembling peptide, KFE8, was also nonimmunogenic, but nanofibers of OVA-KFE8 elicited strong antibody responses similar to OVA-Q11, indicating that the adjuvant action was not dependent on the specific self-assembling peptide sequence. These findings will facilitate the design of self-assembled peptide biomaterials, both for applications where immunogenicity is undesirable and where it is advantageous.
Regret Minimization for Partially Observable Deep Reinforcement Learning (2017)

Deep reinforcement learning algorithms that estimate state and state-action value functions have been shown to be effective in a variety of challenging domains, including learning control strategies from raw image pixels. However, algorithms that estimate state and state-action value functions typically assume a fully observed state and must compensate for partial observations by using finite length observation histories or recurrent networks. In this work, we propose a new deep reinforcement learning algorithm based on counterfactual regret minimization that iteratively updates an approximation to an advantage-like function and is robust to partially observed state. We demonstrate that this new algorithm can substantially outperform strong baseline methods on several partially observed reinforcement learning tasks: learning first-person 3D navigation in Doom and Minecraft, and acting in the presence of partially observed objects in Doom and Pong.
Graph-analytical method for estimating single photon synchronization parameters of an autocompensation quantum key distribution system (2018)

In this article we describe the graph-analytical method for estimating single-photon synchronization parameters of an auto-compensation quantum key distribution system. In this paper is formed and described diagram of states and transitions for random search for a photon pulse with allowance for false detection. Based on the results of the analysis, expressions are defined for calculating the mathematical expectation, dispersion and average number of steps spent on the synchronization process. The interval for the average number of steps used for the synchronization process is determined. The average synchronization time according to the proposed algorithm is estimated considering the probability of false alarm. The calculations showed that the error in determining the mean synchronization time according to the expressions is no more than 1.7%. Thus, the graph-analytic method for estimating the single-photon synchronization parameters of the QKD auto-compensation system allows to determine the statistical characteristics and the average synchronization time with a low error.
P5473Perceived well-being after acute myocardial infarction according to diabetic status and its impact long-term mortality. The FAST-MI programme (2019)

Abstract Background Little information is available regarding subjective well-being according to diabetic status in patients surviving an acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Aims and methods A health status questionnaire was sent to all patients participating in the nationwide French FAST-MI cohorts (2005, 2010 and 2015) one year after the acute episode of AMI, with a specific question on overall health condition (how do you feel: very well, well, fair, poor) (n=6082), and additional questions on the presence of any chest pain (n=4590), presence nuisance bleedings (n=3968), and reporting of perceived medication side-effects (n=2220). Answers were analysed according to diabetic status. We also analysed in the 2005 and 2010 cohorts whether subjective health status at one year was a correlate of 5-year mortality. Results Compared with non-diabetic patients (n=4692), those with diabetes (n=1390) had a poorer perceived health status (poor/fair health status: 40% vs 30%, P&lt;0.001), more presence of chest pain (31% vs 23%, P&lt;0.001), but less nuisance bleedings (47% vs 56%, P&lt;0.001) and similar reported medication side-effects (37% vs 41%, P=0.12). Using logistic regression analysis, diabetes was an independent correlate of poorer health status (any diabetes OR vs non-diabetic 1.29, 1.13–1.49, P&lt;0.001; non-insulin-treated: 1.17, 1.00–1.36, P=0.05, insulin-treated: 1.58, 1.29–1.94, P&lt;0.001). In diabetic patients, perceived health condition at one year was an independent correlate of 5-year death (Cox multivariate analysis): compared with patients reporting very good health, HR (95% CI) 2.16 (1.08–4.32) for good health, 3.06 (1.53–6.11) for fair health, and 3.63 (1.55–8.55) for poor health; in non-diabetic patients, 5-year survival was similar in those reporting good or very good health status, but lower in those reporting fair or poor health status (Figure). Figure 1. 5-year survival by health status Conclusion Compared with non-diabetic patients, patients with diabetes described a poorer general health and more residual chest pain after AMI, but had less nuisance bleedings. Health condition reported one year after AMI was an independent correlate of subsequent long-term mortality, particularly for diabetic patients. Acknowledgement/Funding Amgen, AstraZeneca, Bayer, Daiichi-Sankyo, Eli-Lilly, GSK, MSD, Novartis, Pfizer, Sanofi, Servier
Conductive bridging RAM (CBRAM): an emerging non-volatile memory technology scalable to sub 20nm (2006)

We report on the electrical characterisation of nanoscale conductive bridging memory cells, composed of a thin solid state electrolyte layer sandwiched between an oxidizable anode and an inert cathode. Low power resistive switching operation, the large scalability potential including multi-level-capability (MLC) and the investigated reliability aspects, like retention at elevated temperature, operating temperature and endurance, make CBRAM a very promising non-volatile emerging memory technology
Rapid Surface Plasmon Resonance-Based Inhibition Assay of Deoxynivalenol (2003)

Deoxynivalenol belongs to a group of highly toxic fungal metabolites produced by Fusarium species that may contaminate food and animal feed, mostly grains. Three different monoclonal mouse anti-deoxynivalenol antibodies were compared for the development of a surface plasmon resonance (SPR)-based immunoassay for the selective and quantitative determination of deoxynivalenol in naturally contaminated matrices. A conjugate of deoxynivalenol with the protein casein was prepared and immobilized on the sensor chip surface. An excess of antibody was added to each test solution before the measurement. The assay was based on the competition for antibody binding between the immobilized deoxynivalenol conjugate on the sensor and the free deoxynivalenol molecules in the test solution. The deoxynivalenol-casein sensor could be reused more than 500 times without significant loss of activity using 6 M guanidine chloride solution for regeneration. The cross-reactivity of the three antibodies in the SPR assay was tested with other trichothecene mycotoxins (3-acetyl-deoxynivalenol, 15-acetyl-deoxynivalenol, nivalenol, HT2-toxin, and T2-toxin). The only sample preparation was extraction with max 80 vol % acetonitrile and 10-fold dilution with the running buffer. The assay had an optimal range between 2.5 and 30 ng/mL deoxynivalenol in the test solution. Most results of the SPR-based assay were in agreement with liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry measurements of naturally contaminated wheat samples.
An In Situ High‐Temperature X‐Ray Diffraction Study of Early‐Stage Crystallization in Lithium Alumosilicate Glass–Ceramics (2010)

In situ high‐temperature X‐ray diffraction data have been collected for the crystallization of high‐quartz solid solution (hq‐ss) in a Li 2 O–Al 2 O 3 –SiO 2 glass–ceramic. The temporal development of the number density, size, and unit cell parameters of hq‐ss crystals indicated a two‐stage crystallization process. At the early stage, lattice parameters of hq‐ss crystals were constant. Their number density increased at a maximum rate of 1.7 × 10 12 ·(mm 3 ·min) −1 up to 1.4 × 10 14 mm −3 , while hq‐ss grew linear with time at a maximum rate of ≈1 nm/min up to a size of ≈21 nm. In contrast, a decrease of the a ‐unit cell parameter, characteristic for increasing Si/Al ratios of the hq‐ss crystals, was evident at the later stage. At this stage, the average crystal size was &gt;21 nm. Their number density was constant or decreased linearly with time. The growth kinetics were very shallow with the exponent ≈1/50, but reached for crystals &gt;30 nm cube root dependence typical for diffusion‐controlled ripening. Avrami analysis of the volume fraction V f confirmed these findings and resulted in a kinetic exponent in the range from 3.5 to 4.8 for the first ( V f &lt;45%) and &lt;0.3 for the second stage.
Phosphorylation of Kinesin inVivo Correlates with Organelle Association and Neurite Outgrowth (1995)

The motor protein kinesin is implicated in organelle movement toward the plus ends of microtubules, but little is known about its interaction with organelle membranes or about the physiological role of the phosphorylation of kinesin and its associated protein kinectin seen in neurons in vivo (Hollenbeck, P. J. (1993) J. Neurochem. 60, 2265-2275). Here we have demonstrated that the kinesin heavy chain (KHC), light chain, and kinectin isolated from chick brain or sympathetic neurons exist in several isoelectric forms. Metabolic labeling followed by phosphatase treatment showed that these are phosphoisoforms, and that phosphorylation is reversible in vitro. To assess the capability of phosphorylation to regulate kinesin's state and/or activity, we performed 32P and 35S pulse-chase experiments with neuronal cultures and determined that kinesin-associated phosphate turns over 3-4 times faster than the proteins themselves. When the phosphoisoform distributions for different kinesin pools were analyzed, it was found that membrane-associated KHC contained predominantly the most highly phosphorylated isoform, while soluble kinesin consisted of less phosphorylated KHC isoforms. Nerve growth factor-induced neurite outgrowth in PC12 cells was found to increase significantly kinesin's 32P specific activity while doubling the relative abundance of the most highly phosphorylated KHC isoform. These results demonstrate that the phosphorylation state of kinesin is closely coupled to its organelle binding and to the magnitude of organelle transport in the cell. We propose that the phosphorylation state of kinesin and associated proteins may regulate motility via association with organelle membranes and, specifically, that KHC phosphorylation induces membrane association.
Long-term, stable behavior of local field potentials during brain machine interface use (2013)

Local field potentials (LFPs) have the potential to provide robust, long-lasting control signals for brain-machine interfaces (BMIs). Moreover, they have been hypothesized to be a stable signal source. Here we assess the long-term stability of LFPs and multi-unit spikes (MSPs) in two monkeys using both LFP-based and MSP-based, biomimetic BMIs to control a computer cursor. The monkeys demonstrated highly accurate performance using both the LFP- and MSP-based BMIs. This performance remained high for 11 and 6 months, respectively, without adapting or retraining. We evaluated the stability of the LFP features and MSPs themselves by building, in each session, linear decoders of the BMI-controlled cursor velocity using single features or single MSPs. We then used these single-feature decoders to decode BMI-controlled cursor velocity in the last session. Many of the LFP features and MSPs showed stably-high correlations with the cursor velocity over the entire study period. This implies that the monkeys were able to maintain a stable mapping between either motor cortical field potentials or multi-spike potentials and BMI-controlled outputs.