gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Facies as the key to using seismic inversion for modelling reservoir properties (2012)

Although the general distribution of facies and corresponding reservoir properties should be predicted from geological understanding, the particular characteristics and heterogeneity of a field may not be readily anticipated, especially if well coverage is limited. Seismic data offer the possibility to provide additional constraints on the spatial distribution of facies. Seismic data on their own do not provide the complete solution, so a thorough integration of seismic, well and geological input, and any other available information, is required to reduce uncertainty and produce meaningful and predictive models. This has three serious implications for facies model building. Firstly, the seismic, well and geological constraints must be applied simultaneously to ensure a consistent and unbiased integration of all data. Secondly, the seismic and reservoir properties must be related through a predictive rock physics model that should be established through analysis of well log data and include facies-dependent depth trends. Thirdly, the facies definition must be meaningful in all domains: elastic, reservoir and geological. Naturally, the facies should also be identifiable from petrophysical well log data to ensure that wells can be used to constrain the models. Bayesian stochastic inversion provides a framework that is well suited to achieve all these goals.
Driving in adults with refractory localization-related epilepsy (2000)

Despite restrictions, almost one third of individuals with refractory epilepsy drive. Understanding why they do may help identify means of modifying this behavior or identifying services that, if provided, would help people with uncontrolled epilepsy forego driving.
Photoresponse uniformity in planar InP/InGaAs avalanche photodiodes (2021)

Numerical simulation of the electric field distribution and photocurrent response of a planar InP/InGaAs avalanche photodiode is presented as a function of varying multiplication width. The Zn dopant diffusion front is obtained by numerically simulating the diffusion process. The simulation results indicate that while a local peak value of the electric field is observed near the device edge, it is not associated with a significant increase in the photocurrent response.
Hydrodynamic disintegration of thickened excess sludge and maize silage to intensify methane production: Energy effect and impact on microbial communities (2023)

The aim of this project was to study the combination of two methods to increase methane production: feedstock pretreatment by hydrodynamic disintegration and co-digestion of maize silage (MS) with thickened excess sludge (TES). Disintegration of TES alone resulted in a 15% increase in specific methane production from 0.192 Nml/gVS (TES + MS) to 0.220 Nml/gVS (pretreated TES + MS). The energy balance revealed additional energy (0.14 Wh) would cover only the energy expenditure for the mechanical pretreatment and would not allow for net energy profit. Identification of the methanogenic consortia by 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing revealed that Chloroflexi, Bacteroidota, Firmicutes, Proteobacteria and Actinobacteriota were five most abundant bacteria phyla, with Methanothrix and Methanolinea as the dominant methanogens. Principal component analysis did not show any effect of feedstock pretreatment on methanogenic consortia. Instead, the composition of inoculum was the decisive factor in shaping the microbial community structure.
STRESS REDESIGN BY LARGE ADMISSIBLE PERTURBATIONS (1994)

The goal of the large admissible perturbations approach to redesign is to find without trial and error or repeated finite element analyses a new structural design which satisfies a set of performance specifications. Differences in performance and sizing between baseline and objective designs of the order of 100% are achieved. In previous work, structures have been redesigned to satisfy modal dynamic, static deflection, and buckling objectives; and analyzed to correlate finite element models to physical structures, compute a redundancy mapping and the reliability index. In this paper, the large admissible perturbations theory is developed to obtain an objective design of specified stress level. Stress general perturbation equations are derived relating the two designs implicitly. A stress redesign algorithm is developed and implemented in code RESTRUCT. Several numerical applications are used to verify the algorithm by redesigning an offshore tower to achieve simultaneous stress, natural frequency, and static deflection objectives. Computational accuracy remains high in spite of the fact that stresses are computed indirectly in the baseline finite element analysis.
Fate of free radicals generated during one-electron reductions of 4-alkyl-1,4-peroxyquinols by cytochrome P 450 (1988)

Free radicals resulting from the one-electron reduction and subsequent homolytic cleavage of oxygen-oxygen bonds by heme proteins are likely to be responsible for some aspects of the toxicity of organic hydroperoxides. In the present work, effects of the 4-alkyl substituent of 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-alkyl-4-hydroperoxycytohexa-2,5-dienones (1,4-peroxyquinols) on radical production were investigated with microsomal cytochrome P-450 from rat liver. Quinoxy radicals from homolysis of the peroxyquinols underwent beta-scission to produce a quinone and an alkyl radical, and this process occurred with increasing frequency as the stability of the alkyl radical increased. The fate of benzyl and 2-phenylethyl radicals generated from the appropriately substituted peroxyquinols was investigated also. The former was converted to benzyl alcohol, benzaldehyde, and toluene and the latter to 2-phenylethanol, phenylacetaldehyde, ethylbenzene, styrene, and benzaldehyde. Oxygen-18 labeling studies demonstrated that 80-85% of the benzyl alcohol incorporated oxygen from the hydroperoxide and the balance from molecular oxygen. This indicates that the predominant reaction pathway involved recombination between the benzyl radical and the iron-bound hydroxyl radical of the P-450 intermediate complex. By contrast, about 50% of 2-phenylethanol from the 2-phenylethyl radical incorporated oxygen from water and the balance from O2. Two alternative mechanisms are proposed to explain the formation of 2-phenylethanol that contained oxygen from water and the concurrent formation of styrene: (a) oxygen exchange of the P-450 intermediate with water, followed by hydrogen abstraction and radical recombination reactions with the P-450 complex, or (b) oxidation of the radical to the 2-phenylethyl cation followed by proton elimination and hydration.
Transcriptional Activation of the Oxytocin Promoter by Oestrogens Uses a Novel Non‐Classical Mechanism of Oestrogen Receptor Action (2005)

Transcriptional activation of the gene coding for the neuropeptide hormone oxytocin by oestrogens does not follow the classical model of oestrogen receptor action. The oxytocin promoter does not contain an oestrogen response element (ERE), but instead a high-affinity binding site for nuclear orphan receptors. In the present study, the oestrogen-dependent up-regulation of the bovine oxytocin promoter is investigated in MDA-MB 231 cells. Control by oestrogen is shown to be dependent on the integrity of the nuclear orphan receptor binding site and the presence of ligand-activated oestrogen receptor, but independent of oestrogen receptor binding to DNA. Partial agonists tamoxifen and raloxifen and the pure antagonist ICI 182 780 all show agonistic activities on transcription, while exhibiting normal binding affinities to oestrogen receptor (ER)alpha. Nuclear orphan receptors oestrogen receptor-related receptor alpha (ERRalpha) and germ cell nuclear factor (GCNF) are expressed to significant levels in MDA-MB 231 cells. Binding of ERRalpha to the oxytocin promoter binding site can be demonstrated, suggesting the involvement of this nuclear orphan receptor in oestrogen-dependent up-regulation. The oestrogenic stimulation of the oxytocin promoter apparently is dependent on the stimulation of the transcriptional activity of this nuclear orphan receptor by ERK-1/ERK-2 mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAP kinases). This novel nonclassical mechanism of oestrogen action most probably is not restricted to the regulation of neuropeptide hormone expression, but may further contribute to the multitude of tissue-specific effects of oestrogenic substances.
A New Approach for the Filtrate Regeneration System in the Wearable Artificial Kidney (1990)

In the filtrate and/or dialysate regeneration system, which is expected to miniaturize the artificial kidney, ammonium ion decomposed from urea by immobilized urease is removed competitively by ion-exchangers from coexisting cations. Since divalent cations such as Ca2+ and Mg2+ are more favorably exchanged than ammonium ion, this system needs supplementation of these cations and, thus, additional amount of ion-exchanger. To minimize these requirements, we utilized positively charged membrane to process cation-free filtrate in which urea is dialyzed. Positively charged membranes were tested in vitro to evaluate separation efficiency between urea and cations. Equilibrium adsorption of ammonium ion to ion-exchanger with or without co-existing cations demonstrates that this filtrate regeneration system can reduce the amount of ion-exchanger up to one-half to one-third of that of the conventional system. In an ex vivo experiment with a mongrel dog, blood urea nitrogen (BUN) concentration was maintained at the same level or up to 23% less than the initial value.
Non-destructive evaluation of adhesive layer using a planar array capacitive imaging technology (2016)

The thermal protection materials for aircraft are usually assembled on the substrate surface by means of adhesion agent. It is very necessary to evaluate the interface bonding quality which has great influence on heat preservation performance. At present, there is still no relatively satisfactory and reliable method for defect detection of cohesive coating. Planar array electrical capacitance tomography (ECT) is a suitable non-invasive imaging technique when there is only limited access to the targeted object. This research aims to investigate the feasibility of using planar array electrical capacitive tomography for bondline defect detection. In this paper, a planar array ECT system is developed consist of a planar array sensor of 12 electrodes, a capacitance acquisition system and image reconstruction software. The sensor development, simulation of sensitivity map, practical application and imaging reconstruction are discussed. A series of specimens of thermal protection material with man-made defects are tested by the proposed planar array ECT system. The experimental results show that the defect in cohesive coating can be effectively detected and the minimum size can be detected is 10mm×10mm.
Investigating the Onset of the Strong Coupling Regime by Fine‐Tuning the Rabi Splitting in Multilayer Organic Microcavities (2018)

Abstract Given the prevalence of disorder in many organic semiconductors, the applicability of simple models to describe their behavior in the strong coupling regime, such as the two‐level coupled oscillator, is not evident. Here, the validity of the two‐level coupled oscillator model and the simple dependence of the coupling strength on the number of absorbers and the electric field is tested experimentally in metal‐clad microcavities containing a disordered film of small molecules. Multilayer microcavities are produced by combining different thin film deposition techniques. These allow for isolating the relevant parameters and thus to confirm the coupling strength is proportional to 1) the square root of the number of absorbers and 2) the amplitude of the electric field. By changing either of these two parameters, the microcavities are shifted from the weak to the strong coupling regime. Moreover, careful analysis reveals that there is a threshold coupling strength for the onset of the Rabi splitting. Two independent investigations show that this threshold is comparable to the losses in the cavities. These results validate the coupled two‐level Hamiltonian for microcavities containing disordered organic semiconductors, even though the assumption of a single exciton level represents a strong simplification for these systems.
Optimized filtering and reconstruction in predictive quantization with losses (2005)

Consider a communication system in which a filtered and quantized signal is sent over a channel with erasures and (potentially) additive noise. Linear MMSE estimation is achieved in such a system by Kalman filtering. Allowing any Markov erasure process and any Markov-state jump linear signal generation model, it is shown that the estimation performance at the receiver can be computed as a deterministic optimization with linear matrix inequality (LMl) constraints rather than a pseudorandom simulation. Furthermore, in contrast to the case without erasures, the filtering in the transmitter should not necessarily be MMSE prediction (whitening); a procedure is given to find a locally optimal prefilter. The main tools are recent LMI characterizations of asymptotic state estimation error covariance and output estimation error variance for discrete-time jump linear systems in which the discrete portion of the system state is a Markov chain. As another application of this framework, a novel analysis and optimization of a "streaming" version of multiple description coding based on subsampling is outlined.
The Named-State Register File: implementation and performance (2002)

Context switches are slow in conventional processors because the entire processor state must be saved and restored, even if much of the state is not used before the next context switch. This paper introduces the Named-State Register File, a fine-grain associative register file. The NSF uses hardware and software techniques to efficiently manage registers among sequential or parallel procedure activations. The NSF holds more live data per register than conventional register files, and requires much less spill and reload traffic to switch between concurrent contexts. The NSF speeds execution of some sequential and parallel programs by 9% to 17% over alternative register file organizations. The NSF has access time comparable to a conventional register file and only adds 5% to the area of a typical processor chip.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Ti2Nb6Cl14O4: A Unique 2D–1D Network Combination in Niobium Cluster Chemistry (1998)

Layers of niobium clusters that are linked to each other through zigzag chains of edge-sharing [TiCl4O2] ocatahedra are the central structural features of the title compound. Bridging of the chains by [(Nb6Cl8iO4i)Cl6a]6− clusters results in the formation of empty tunnels (a section of the structure is shown on the right).
The Analysis of Heating Furnace of Delayed Coking in Fushun Petrochemical Company (2008)

Abstract One new heating furnace of one delayed coking unit started working in Fushun Petrochemical Company. Some main operating parameters were calibrated and some data were calculated. Some problems came in the course of actual operating, and at last the results and discussions are given.
Noncontact torque sensors using magnetic heads and a magnetostrictive layer on the shaft surface - application of plasma jet spraying process (1986)

A noncontact torque sensor using magnetic heads and a magnetostrictive layer deposited uniformly on the shaft surface is presented. To realize the torque sensor, a new circuit is developed. Using a Ni layer deposited by the plasma jet spraying process, fundamental characteristics of the torque sensor are investigated, and possibility of detecting instantaneous value of the applied torque is demonstrated.
Conducting Materials (1999)

Abstract The sections in this article are Basic Concepts of Electrical Conduction Conductive Materials
A Method for RNA Structure Prediction Shows Evidence for Structure in lncRNAs (2018)

To compare the secondary structure profiles of RNA molecules we developed the <i>CROSSalign</i> method. <i>CROSSalign</i> is based on the combination of the Computational Recognition Of Secondary Structure (CROSS) algorithm to predict the RNA secondary structure profile at single-nucleotide resolution and the Dynamic Time Warping (DTW) method to align profiles of different lengths. We applied <i>CROSSalign</i> to investigate the structural conservation of long non-coding RNAs such as <i>XIST</i> and <i>HOTAIR</i> as well as ssRNA viruses including <i>HIV</i>. <i>CROSSalign</i> performs pair-wise comparisons and is able to find homologs between thousands of matches identifying the exact regions of similarity between profiles of different lengths. In a pool of sequences with the same secondary structure <i>CROSSalign</i> accurately recognizes repeat A of <i>XIST</i> and domain D2 of <i>HOTAIR</i> and outperforms other methods based on covariance modeling. The algorithm is freely available at the webpage http://service.tartaglialab.com//new_submission/crossalign.
ChemInform Abstract: EPOXIDATION OF CARDANOL WITH PEROXYCARBOXIMIDIC ACIDS (1977)

Abstract Cardanol (in der Literatur z.T. auch als Anacardol bezeichnet) ist ein Gemisch der Phenole (Ia)‐(Id), das beim Röstprozeß aus Cashew‐Nußschalenöl gebildet wird; es liefert bei der Oxidation mit der Iminopersäure (II) (in situ durch HgOrOxidation von Benzonitril) ein Epoxidgemisch ("epoxidiertes Cardanol" ; 78%), aus dem die Epoxide (III) und (IVa) isoliert werden können (entsprechend auch erhältlich aus rein isoliertem (Ib) bzw. (Ie); neben (IVa) auch die Monoepoxide (IVb) und (IVc)).
Platelets in Inflammation and Thrombosis (2003)

For many years it has been known that platelets play an important role in thrombosis and hemostasis. In recent times, however, it has become evident that platelets also have relevant functions in inflammation. It was shown that thrombosis and inflammation share several key molecular mechanisms and in fact are 2 intrinsically linked processes. In this review, we intend to give a short overview with emphasis on work stemming from our laboratory.
AGE OF ANXIETY (2010)

The MMR controversy has been characterized by two one-sided discourses. In the medical world, the weight of opinion is overwhelmingly in favour of MMR. In the public world, the anti-MMR campaign has a much greater influence, centred on the fears of parents that the triple vaccine may cause autism in their children. Both professionals and parents struggle to cope with the anxieties this creates, but find it difficult to find a balanced account of the issues.In MMR and Autism Michael Fitzpatrick, a general practitioner who is also the parent of an autistic child, explains why he believes the anti-MMR campaign is misguided in a way that will reassure parents considering vaccination and also relieve the anxieties of parents of autistic children. At the same time, this informative&nbsp;book provides health care professionals and health studies students with an accessible overview of a contemporary health issue with significant policy implications.
Managing yourself. Stop overdoing your strengths. (2009)

Although most managers can recognize an off-kilter leader (consider the highly supportive boss who cuts people too much slack), it's quite difficult to see overkill in yourself. Unfortunately, that's where leadership development tools such as 360-degree surveys fail to deliver, say Kaplan and Kaiser. Dividing qualities into "strengths" and "weaknesses" and rating them on a five-point scale will not account for strengths overplayed. The authors suggest several strategies, based on their years of consulting experience and research, for figuring out which attributes you've employed to excess and adjusting your behavior accordingly. Strengths taken too far have two consequences: First, they become weaknesses. For instance, quick-wittedness can turn into impatience with others. Second, you're at risk of becoming extremely lopsided--that is, diminishing your capacity on the opposite pole. A leader who is very good at building consensus, for example, may take too long to move into action. To strike a balance between two key leadership dualities--forceful versus enabling, and strategic versus operational--you need to see your actions and motivations clearly. That's no easy task since most leadership development tools don't spell out that you're overdoing your strengths. But there are other ways to bring that information to light. You can start with a review of the highest ratings on your most recent 360 report. Ask yourself: Is this too much of a good thing? Another technique is to make a list of the traits you most want to have as a leader. Are you going to extremes with any of them? To check for lopsidedness, you can prompt feedback from other people with a list of qualities you've composed or one you've gleaned from other sources. Once you know which attributes you're overdoing, you can recalibrate.
Interoperability issues of existing collateral video teleconferencing systems at the United States Pacific Command (2002)

In fiscal year 1994, the Deputy Commander in Chief of the United States Commander in Chief Pacific (USCINCPAC) expressed a concern about the lack of interoperability of the multiple video teleconferencing (VTC) systems that have been installed to support the United States Pacific Command (USPACOM). In response to this concern, two quick-reaction studies of the existing USPACOM VTC systems were conducted and provided to the USCINCPAC J6 who is responsible for making recommendations for interconnecting USPACOM sites by VTC. The paper examines the issues of VTC systems interoperability and in specific examines the lack of standardized VTC transmission rates, multiple transmission networks, and the lack of commonality or standardization of video coder/decoders (codecs) and other supporting VTC equipment. Also discussed are alternative methods of interconnecting the existing USPACOM VTC systems, emerging international, U.S. Government, and Department of Defense (DOD) VTC standards, and the proposed migration to a standards-based VTC architecture. Of additional interest is the design of a multipoint control unit (MCU) meeting international standards that has been tested in both the United States and Europe. Certain conclusions and recommendations are provided. More importantly, while the systems examined are specific to USPACOM, the underlying issues concerning interoperability of existing VTC systems and the alternative methods of interconnection are common to and apply across the DOD community.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
PREFACE (2010)

The work now submitted to the public was begun to be printed in 1817; and the 13th and 14th sections, containing the oxides and sulphurets, were printed off before the end of October of the same year. The printing of the rest of the work to the appendix was finished in September, 1821. One sheet of the appendix was printed at the end of 1823; but no addition was afterwards made till May, 1826; when the printing was resumed, and has been continued to the present time.
Magnetic Properties of Nano-Particulate Cu-Co Alloy on the Route of Bulk Mechanical Alloying (1998)

Bulk mechanical alloying was used to fabricate the supersaturated solid solution of Cu 80 Co 20 . The nano-Co particulates Cu-matrix alloy was made by low-temperature annealing. Both the annealing temperature and time were parametrically varied to describe the relationship between process condition and magnetic properties. The maximum magnetoresistance ratio under 1.0 MA/m at room temperature of 4.9 % was measured for this nano-particulate material with the mean Co-particulate size of 6 nm. From the measured magnetic properties, the effect of particulate size of Co in Cu-matrix on the magnetic properties was discussed.