gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Role of ictal baseline shifts and ictal high‐frequency oscillations in stereo‐electroencephalography analysis of mesial temporal lobe seizures (2014)

The results suggest that evaluation of IBS and iHFOs, in addition to routine icEEG, helps in more accurately defining the IOZ. This study also shows that the onset and the spatial distribution of icEEG, IBS, and iHFOs do not overlap, suggesting that they reflect different cellular or network dynamics.
Study of the Breakup of Fast OH−Ions Passing through Carbon Foils and Nitrogen Gas (1977)

O${\mathrm{H}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ ions were injected into a "Pelletron"-type tandem electrostatic accelerator and dissociated in the high-voltage terminal by passage through gas and foil strippers. The dissociated protons were further accelerated and their energy spectrum was analyzed in a 90\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{} magnet. The ions stripped in foils exhibit the effects of a Coulomb explosion and a wake field. The stripping in gas appears to be of a different character. An explanation of this difference is proposed, based on the assumption of a strictly sequential removal of electrons from the ions.
Developing and Implementing a Program Interfacing Project Course in Electrical Engineering (2012)

In this paper, we describe the ideas behind a second-year Design-Build course in Electrical Engineering. Electrical Engineering is a theoretical subject, and in such it is difficult to maintain the theoretical level in project courses introduced too early in the program, especially when core subjects like electromagnetic field theory are involved. This issue is addressed and we also describe our approach for the assessment of the students. We also discuss the different goals that were set up prior to the course from a program perspective; how we reasoned when designing the course, the assessment structure, and the output once the course was implemented
Elevation extension for a geometry-based radio channel model and its influence on MIMO antenna correlation and gain imbalance (2011)

This paper presents a complete set of elevation propagation parameters for a geometry-based radio channel model, and shows how the extension to elevation dimension affects MIMO performance. The figures of merit in MIMO performance are correlation and gain imbalance between the branches of the antenna array. The simulation and measurement results show a significant difference between antenna correlations in the case where the elements are on top of one another. Thus, the elevation gives an extra value for channel models to be used in the MIMO antenna performance tests.
Characterization of aluminum nitride lamb wave resonators operating at 600&#x00B0;C for harsh environment RF applications (2010)

In this paper, aluminum nitride (AlN) Lamb wave resonators (LWR) operating in air from room temperature up to 600°C are demonstrated for the first time. To date, no AlN RF devices have been tested and characterized at extreme temperatures. This paper describes the design, fabrication and characterization of temperature compensated AlN Lamb wave resonators at 600°C. Temperature coefficients of frequency (TCF) of both uncompensated and compensated devices were measured. Quality factors against temperature were also recorded. This supports the use of piezoelectric AlN as the material platform for radio-frequency (RF) components and sensing applications in harsh environments.
Stochasticks: augmenting the billiards experience with probabilistic vision and wearable computers (2002)

We propose a practical application of wearable computing and augmented reality which enhances the game of billiards. A vision algorithm is implemented which operates in interactive-time with the user to assist planning and aiming. Probabilistic color models and symmetry operations are used to localize the table, pockets and balls through a video camera near the user's eye. Classification of the objects of interest is performed and each possible shot is ranked in order to determine its relative usefulness. The system allows the user to proceed through a regular pool game while it automatically determines strategic shots. The resulting trajectories are rendered as graphical overlays on a head mounted live video display. The wearable video output and the computer vision system provide an integration of real and virtual environments which enhances the experience of playing and learning the game of billiards without encumbering the player.
Performance and Efficiency of Pressure‐Swirl and Twin‐Fluid Nozzles Spraying Food Liquids with Varying Viscosity (2015)

Abstract We investigated two different sized pressure‐swirl nozzles and two twin‐fluid nozzles (external and internal mixing) spraying food liquids with different viscosities (0.001 Pa s ≤ µ ≤ 0.308 Pa s). Liquid pressures in the range of 0.2 MPa ≤ p L ≤ 30 MPa and gas‐to‐liquid ratios of 0.01 ≤ GLR ≤ 2.92 were applied. To compare the nozzles, we used two energy based approaches: The spraying efficiency e and the energy density E V . The spraying efficiency of all investigated nozzles was within reported ranges from literature. When described as a function of E V , the Sauter mean diameter ( SMD ) of the spray drops showed a power‐law dependency. Further, the SMD was independent of the size of the pressure‐swirl nozzles and the location (internal or external) of mixing in twin‐fluid nozzles. The pressure‐swirl nozzles were superior over the twin‐fluid nozzles when low viscous fluids were sprayed. However, only the twin‐fluid nozzles were able to spray viscosities of µ ≥ 0.143 Pa s satisfactorily. Overall, the E V concept showed to be an appropriate method for the prediction of SMD in dependency of energy relevant process parameters. Practical Application In spray‐drying of foodstuffs, the spray drop size is a crucial parameter. It depends on the physical properties of the liquid, on the type of nozzle and on the chosen process parameters. The nozzle comparison by means of the energy density E V enables the operator to quickly choose the needed energy, i.e. the process parameters, which has to be supplied to the nozzle at a specific viscosity and liquid volume flow rate to obtain the desired mean spray drop size. This facilitates the operation of spray dryers and the scale up of spraying nozzles.
Multispectral image segmentation by a multichannel watershed‐based approach (2007)

Watershed transformation in mathematical morphology is a powerful morphological tool for image segmentation that is usually defined for greyscale images and applied to the gradient magnitude of an image. This paper presents an extension of the watershed algorithm for multispectral image segmentation. A vector‐based morphological approach is proposed to compute gradient magnitude from multispectral imagery, which is then input into watershed transformation for image segmentation. The gradient magnitude is obtained at multiple scales. After an automatic elimination of local irrelevant minima, a watershed transformation is applied to segment the image. The segmentation results were evaluated and compared with other multispectral image segmentation methods, in terms of visual inspection, and object‐based image classification using high resolution multispectral images. The experimental results indicate that the proposed method can produce accurate segmentation results and higher classification accuracy, if the scales and contrast parameter are appropriately selected in the gradient computation and subsequent local minima elimination. The proposed method shows encouraging results and can be used for segmentation of high resolution multispectral imagery and object based classification.
Laser Induced Damage in Schott's OG-550 Optical Absorption Glass (1990)

Single and multiple shot laser induced damage threshold (LIDT) values were determined for Schott's OG-550 optical absorption glass using Q-switched 532 nm laser radiation. Bulk discoloration occurred for a single shot LIDT of 55 mJ/cm2 while surface pitting resulted at a single shot LIDT of 5.6 J/cm2. Multiple shot LIDTs were determined at 10, 5, and 2 Hz. For all three repetition rates, the multiple shot LIDTs decreased exponentially from the single shot LIDT, and level off at 35% of that value.
Synthesis and evaluation of novel lipidated neuromedin U analogs with increased stability and effects on food intake (2014)

Neuromedin U (NMU) is a 25 amino acid peptide expressed and secreted in the brain and gastrointestinal tract. Data have shown that peripheral administration of human NMU decreases food intake and body weight and improves glucose tolerance in mice, suggesting that NMU receptors constitute a possible anti-diabetic and anti-obesity drug target. However, the clinical use of native NMU is hampered by a poor pharmacokinetic profile. In the current study, we report in vitro and in vivo data from a series of novel lipidated NMU analogs. In vitro plasma stability studies of native NMU were performed to investigate the proteolytic stability and cleavage sites using LC-MS. Native NMU was found to be rapidly cleaved at the C-terminus between Arg(24) and Asn(25) , followed by cleavage between Arg(16) and Gly(17) . Lipidated NMU analogs were generated using solid-phase peptide synthesis, and in vitro potency was investigated using a human embryonic kidney 293-based inositol phosphate accumulation assay. All lipidated analogs had preserved in vitro activity on both NMU receptors with potency improving as the lipidation site was moved away from the receptor-interacting C-terminal octapeptide segment. In vivo efficacy was assessed in lean mice as reduction in food intake after acute subcutaneous administration of 1, 0.3, 0.1, and 0.03 µmol/kg. These lipidated NMU analogs prolonged the anorectic effect of NMU in a dose-dependent manner. This was likely an effect of improved pharmacokinetic properties because of improved vitro plasma stability. Accordingly, the data demonstrate that lipidated NMU analogs may represent drug candidates for the treatment of obesity.
FIRE: flexible intra-AS routing environment (2001)

Current routing protocols are monolithic, specifying the algorithm used to construct forwarding tables, the metric used by the algorithm (generally some form of hop count), and the protocol used to distribute these metrics as an integrated package. The flexible intra-AS routing environment (FIRE) is a link-state, intradomain routing protocol that decouples these components. FIRE supports run-time-programmable algorithms and metrics over a secure link-state distribution protocol. By allowing the network operator to dynamically reprogram both the properties being advertised and the routing algorithms used to construct forwarding tables, FIRE enables the development and deployment of novel routing algorithms without the need for a new protocol to distribute state. FIRE supports multiple concurrent routing algorithms and metrics, each constructing separate forwarding tables. By using operator-specified packet filters, separate classes of traffic may be routed using completely different routing algorithms, all supported by a single routing protocol. This paper presents an overview of FIRE, focusing particularly on FIRE's novel aspects with respect to traditional routing protocols. We consider deploying several current unicast and multicast routing algorithms in FIRE, and describe our Java-based implementation.
Molecular Spintronics (2019)

The important observation is that the bonding structure of the molecule to the magnetic surface can drastically alter the spin selectivity of the interface, so that one can convert bond engineering in spin engineering. While spintronics is consolidating as the leading technology in the magnetic data storage industry and is emerging into both the sensors and the random access memories arena, the interest of the scientific community has grown into investigating new materials different from conventional metals and semiconductors. A better strategy appears to be that of operating with molecules that “fly,” that is, molecules that can be evaporated over a magnetic surface in ultrahigh vacuum conditions and can be probed by scanning tunnel microscopy (STM). In addition to the ease of fabrication, STM measurements for single spins can provide detailed information on the magnetic excitation spectrum and on how this is affected by magnetic coupling, anisotropy, and magnetic fields.
Cleavage and inactivation of Factor IX by granulocyte elastase. (1983)

Radioiodinated Factor IX was cleaved by a crude sonicate from leukocytes. In the absence of calcium, fragments of less than 15,000 mol wt were seen from reduced samples on gel electrophoresis. After digestion in 2 mM calcium, however, electrophoresis of reduced samples showed, in addition to low molecular weight fragments, protein bands corresponding in size to heavy and light chains of Factor XIa-activated Factor IX. The cleaving activity in leukocyte sonicates was inhibited by soybean trypsin inhibitor, but only to a small extent by aprotinin. Granulocyte elastase was isolated from purified polymorphonuclear leukocyte granules by affinity chromatography on soybean trypsin inhibitor-agarose and further chromatography on carboxymethyl cellulose. The purified fraction contained two isozymes on acidic gels which cleaved both an ester sensitive to elastase and radiolabeled Factor IX. These two activities were inhibited by elastase-specific chloromethyl ketone. The isolated protease fraction rapidly inactivated apparent Factor IX activity in a coagulant assay system. The degree of inactivation correlated with the amount of intact, radiolabeled Factor IX cleaved. As with the crude sonicate, generation of the larger heavy and light chain-sized fragments was dependent upon calcium. To assess directly the effect of elastase on Factor IX, an immunospecific, active site-directed assay was developed. In this assay, the sample was incubated with solid-phase antibody to Factor IX and the amount of activated product was detected as that which had complexed with radioiodinated antithrombin III. In this system, exposure of Factor IX to Factor XIa showed progressive increase in the ability to bind antithrombin III, whereas after elastase, Factor XIa was unable to generate antithrombin III binding. The elastase-degraded Factor IX did not inhibit activation of additional Factor IX in clotting assays. When Factor IXa was incubated with elastase, binding of antithrombin III was decreased, corresponding to appearance of low molecular weight fragments on parallel samples that were reduced and electrophoresed. These data are consistent with elastase inactivating Factor IX by cleaving bonds near, but distinct from, bonds cleaved by Factor XIa.
Podophyllum peltatum L. (2003)

https://thekeep.eiu.edu/herbarium_specimens_byname/12088/thumbnail.jpg
Synthesis of Louisianin C (2003)

The synthesis of louisianin C (3), a member of a small family of 3,4,5-trisubstituted pyridyl natural products, is achieved in six steps and 11% overall yield starting from commercially available 3,5-dibromopyridine. The key step is a fluoride-induced desilylation-cyclization to afford carbinol 12.
Contribution of Age, Maturity and Body Size to Variation in Functional Capacities and Skills of Basketball Players 13-14 Years (2006)

To estimate the contribution of chronological age, maturity status and body size as independent predictors of functional and sport-specific capacities adolescent basketball players. Stature, weight, functional capacity [countermovement vertical jump (power), 60-second sit-ups (abdominal strength-endurance), hand grip strength (static strength), 2-kg medicine ball throw (power), 20-m shuttle run (aerobic capacity)] and basketball-specific skills [passing, shooting, dribbling, defensive movements] were measured on 84 youth basketball players (13.0±0.6 years, 11.1–13.9 yrs). Stage of pubic hair (PH) was assessed at clinical examination. Multiple linear regression (backward method with the stepping criteria for removal of p<0.10) was used to estimate the relative contribution of age, stage of sexual maturity, height, weight and height x weight interaction to variation in functional and sport-specific capacities. Approximately 8% to 53% of the variance in functional capacities was accounted for by age, body size and maturity status: sit-ups, 8%, age, weight (p<0.05); vertical jump, 24%, maturity, height, weight (p<0.01); aerobic capacity, 39%, age, maturity, weight, height x weight interaction (p<0.01); medicine ball throw, 42%, height, weight (p<0.01); grip strength, 53%, age, height (p<0.01). In contrast, the predictors accounted for relatively little variance in sport-specific skills and maturity status was not a significant predictor: passing, 5%, weight (<0.05); time to complete defensive movements, 11%, height, weight (<0.01); dribbling, 18%, age, height, weight, height x weight interaction (<0.01); shooting, no significant predictors. With the exception of sit-ups, the predictors accounted for a greater proportion of variance in functional capacities than in sport-specific skills of adolescent basketball players.Table 1: Significant predictors of functional capacities in 13-to 14-year-old basketball players
Adult IPD cases in Israel by age group. (2015)

&lt;p&gt;a. Incidence rate and b. Case fatality rate. Black bars – First study year (2009–10), light grey – Second study year (2010–11).&lt;/p&gt;
Supplementary Table 3 from Allelic Transcripts Dosage Effect in Morphologically Normal Ovarian Cells from Heterozygous Carriers of a <i>BRCA1</i>/<i>2</i> French Canadian Founder Mutation (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 99K, Common genes between our results and published inherited ovarian literature&lt;/p&gt;
Open Standards for Automation of Testing of Photonic Integrated Circuits (2019)

Foundry services for photonic integration enable access to such technologies and facilitate fab-less businesses models. The technologies are sufficiently mature for proof-of-concept demonstrators, advanced prototypes, and two-medium small-volume production. Further improvement of the technology processes behind those services requires extensive research and development efforts in order to advance the foundry offerings and assure scalability, process control, and the yield required for volume production. A high-level automation of test and assembly processes in the PIC manufacturing chain is essential to improve statistical process control and scalability of all processes. These allow for early known-good-die identification, optimization of fabrication process window, improved yield, and volume production. In this paper we propose a standardized approach to chip layout that supports automated test and assembly processes already at the design phase. Moreover, we describe a modular test software framework based on open standards. Within this test framework, standard file formats for chip, equipment, and measurement description, and the open file formats for storage and exchange of data are described. This test framework is a part of the openEPDA initiative and enables test automation, user-defined testing, data analysis, exchangeability, and traceability across the full manufacturing chain from design to product.
A practical built-in current sensor for I/sub DDQ/ testing (2002)

This paper describes a new built-in current sensor (BICS) design, comprised of a MAGFET current sensor, stochastic sensor, self-calibration tool, counter, and scan chain. By indirectly measuring the current, the sensor avoids the unacceptable drawbacks of past BICS designs. Test chips fabricated in 180 nm and 250 nm technology demonstrate that the sensor can be used for IDDQ testing of large, high-performance, deep submicron circuits. This sensor should extend practical IDDQ testing to the 35 nm technology generation.
Efficient Measurement of Key-Cap Flatness for Computer Keyboards With a Multi-Line Structured Light Imaging Approach (2019)

A computer keyboard is an important human-machine interaction device. A key-cap and a keyboard are flexibly connected, and its assembly quality, especially flatness, is crucial. In manufacturing quality control, the requirement for assembly quality of keyboards is quite strict, where the flatness measurement of key-caps is a key link. In this paper, an apparatus based on multi-line structured light imaging, and machine vision is designed for online rapid detection of key-cap flatness, is proposed. First, a novel 3D measurement scheme is presented to replace the complete 3D surface reconstruction of conventional methods. Then, an array of cameras with a perspective projection transformation matrix calibration approach is adopted to expand the scanning range of the 3D sensor for large-scale and high-resolution target imaging. In addition, a multi-step image processing is applied to accurately extract the centerline of the projected fringes on a key-cap with printed character, which indirectly helps to improve the measurement accuracy. Finally, a sparse sampling flatness estimation algorithm is proposed to improve the detection efficiency. According to experiments in real production lines, our apparatus can achieve a detection accuracy of 99.74% for various computer keyboards.
Identification of genes preferentially expressed in testis and spermatogonial cells of Labeo rohita by subtractive and suppressive hybridization (2010)

Genetic information linked to the testicular development of Labeo rohita (rohu) could contribute towards understanding and improving breeding efficiency. A rohu testis-enriched cDNA library was generated by the subtractive and suppressive hybridization technique to identify differentially expressed genes. Two-hundred and forty differentially screened clones were sequenced and 77 non-redundant EST sequences with an average size of 0.5 kb were screened against GenBank entries. Homology analysis using the blast tool identified 35% as known genes, 40% as uncharacterized showing homology to unannotated ESTs or genomic sequences and 25% as unknown sequences. Four novel transcripts were identified in the reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction expression profiles of a panel of gonadal tissues including spermatogonial and somatic tissues, three of which were transcribed exclusively in testicular spermatogonial cells, and one was expressed in both gonads. The POU50-domain-containing transcript was predominantly expressed in male germ cells. The novel transcripts could be utilized as biomarkers for fish spermatogonial cells for efficient isolation, characterization and propagation of differentiated and/or undifferentiated cells for studying the process of spermatogenesis.
Selective CDK7 inhibition with BS-181 suppresses cell proliferation and induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in gastric cancer (2016)

Cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) family members have been considered as attractive therapeutic targets for cancer. In this study, we aim to investigate the anticancer effects of a selective CDK7 inhibitor, BS-181, in gastric cancer (GC) cell line. Human GC cells (BGC823) were cultured with or without BS-181 at different concentrations for 24-72 hours. BS-181 significantly reduced the activity of CDK7 with downregulation of cyclin D1 and XIAP in GC cells. Treatment with BS-181 induced cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. The expression of Bax and caspase-3 was significantly increased, while Bcl-2 expression was decreased in cells treated with BS-181. In addition, the inhibition of CDK7 with BS-181 resulted in reduced rates of proliferation, migration, and invasion of gastric cells. Those results demonstrated the anticancer activities of selective CDK7 inhibitor BS-181 in BGC823 cells, suggesting that CDK7 may serve as a novel therapeutic target or the treatment of GC.