gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Supercomputer applications of the hypercube (1989)

Obesity is a major public health problem worldwide. Only relatively few treatment options are, at present, available for the management of obese patients. Furthermore, treatment of obesity is affected by the widespread misuse of drugs and food supplements. Ephedra sinica is an old medicinal herb, commonly used in the treatment of respiratory tract diseases. Ephedra species contain several alkaloids, including pseudoephedrine, notably endowed with indirect sympathomimetic pharmacodynamic properties. The anorexigenic effect of pseudoephedrine is attributable primarily to the inhibition of neurons located in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN), mediating satiety stimuli. Pseudoephedrine influences lipolysis and thermogenesis through interaction with β3 adrenergic receptors and reduces fat accumulation through down-regulation of transcription factors related to lipogenesis. However, its use is associated with adverse events that involve to a large extent the cardiovascular and the central nervous system. Adverse events of pseudoephedrine also affect the eye, the intestine, and the skin, and, of relevance, sudden cardiovascular death related to dietary supplements containing Ephedra alkaloids has also been reported. In light of the limited availability of clinical data on pseudoephedrine in obesity, along with its significantly unbalanced risk/benefit profile, as well as of the psychophysical susceptibility of obese patients, it appears reasonable to preclude the prescription of pseudoephedrine in obese patients of any order and degree.
Effects of optical and surface polar phonons on the optical conductivity of doped graphene (2013)

Using the Kubo linear response formalism, we study the effects of intrinsic graphene optical and surface polar phonons (SPPs) on the optical conductivity of doped graphene. We find that inelastic electron-phonon scattering contributes significantly to the phonon-assisted absorption in the optical gap. At room temperature, this midgap absorption can be as large as 20--25$%$ of the universal ac conductivity for graphene on polar substrates (such as Al${}_{2}$O${}_{3}$ or HfO${}_{2}$) due to strong electron-SPP coupling. The midgap absorption, moreover, strongly depends on the substrates and doping levels used. With increasing temperature, the midgap absorption increases, while the Drude peak, on the other hand, becomes broader as inelastic electron-phonon scattering becomes more probable. Consequently, the Drude weight decreases with increasing temperature.
Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-2 Promotes Neuronal Differentiation by Acting as an Anti-Mitogenic Signal (2005)

Although traditionally recognized for maintaining extracellular matrix integrity during morphogenesis, the function of matrix metallo-proteinases (MMPs) and their inhibitors, the tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs), in the mature nervous system is essentially unknown. Here, we report that TIMP-2 induces pheochromocytoma PC12 cell-cycle arrest via regulation of cell-cycle regulatory proteins, resulting in differentiation and neurite outgrowth. TIMP-2 decreases cyclins B and D expression and increases p21Cip expression. Furthermore, TIMP-2 promotes cell differentiation via activation of the cAMP/Rap1/ERK (extracellular signal-regulated kinase) pathway. Expression of dominant-negative Rap1 blocks TIMP-2-mediated neurite outgrowth. Both the cell-cycle arrest and neurite outgrowth induced by TIMP-2 was independent of MMP inhibitory activity. Consistent with the PC12 cell data, primary cultures of TIMP-2 knock-out cerebral cortical neurons exhibit significantly reduced neurite length, which is rescued by TIMP-2. These in vitro results were corroborated in vivo. TIMP-2 deletion causes a delay in neuronal differentiation, as demonstrated by the persistence of nestin-positive progenitors in the neocortical ventricular zone. The interaction of TIMP-2 with alpha3beta1 integrin in the cerebral cortex suggests that TIMP-2 promotes neuronal differentiation and maintains mitotic quiescence in an MMP-independent manner through integrin activation. The identification of molecules responsible for neuronal quiescence has significant implications for the ability of the adult brain to generate new neurons in response to injury and neurological disorders, such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases.
Self-Consistent Hopping Theory of Activated Relaxation and Diffusion of Dilute Penetrants in Dense Crosslinked Polymer Networks (2023)

We generalize and apply a microscopic force-level statistical mechanical theory of the activated dynamics of dilute spherical penetrants in glass-forming liquids to study the influence of permanent crosslinking in polymer networks on the penetrant relaxation time and diffusivity over a wide range of temperature and crosslink density. Calculations are performed for model parameters relevant to recent experimental studies of an nm-sized organic molecule diffusing in crosslinked PnBA networks. The theory predicts the penetrant alpha relaxation time increases exponentially with the crosslink fraction ($f_n$) dependent glass transition temperature, $T_g$, which grows roughly linearly with the square root of $f_n$. Moreover, $T_g$ is also found to be proportional to a geometric confinement parameter defined as the ratio of the penetrant diameter to the mean network mesh size. The decoupling ratio of the penetrant to polymer Kuhn segment alpha relaxation times displays a complex non-monotonic dependence on crosslink density and temperature that can be well collapsed based on the variable $T_g(f_n)/T$. The microscopic mechanism for activated penetrant relaxation is elucidated and a model for the penetrant diffusion constant that combines activated segmental dynamics and entropic mesh confinement is proposed which results in a significantly stronger suppression of mass transport with degree of effective supercooling than predicted for the penetrant alpha time. This behavior corresponds to a new polymer network-based type of decoupling of diffusion and relaxation. In contrast to the diffusion of larger nanoparticles in high temperature rubbery networks, our analysis in the deeply supercooled regime suggests that for the penetrants studied the mesh confinement effects are of secondary importance relative to the consequences of crosslink-induced slowing down of glassy activated relaxation.
Caricaturistic Visualization (2006)

Caricatures are pieces of art depicting persons or sociological conditions in a non-veridical way. In both cases caricatures are referring to a reference model. The deviations from the reference model are the characteristic features of the depicted subject. Good caricatures exaggerate the characteristics of a subject in order to accent them. The concept of caricaturistic visualization is based on the caricature metaphor. The aim of caricaturistic visualization is an illustrative depiction of characteristics of a given dataset by exaggerating deviations from the reference model. We present the general concept of caricaturistic visualization as well as a variety of examples. We investigate different visual representations for the depiction of caricatures. Further, we present the caricature matrix, a technique to make differences between datasets easily identifiable.
Tensile-strained Si layers grown on Si0.6Ge0.4and Si0.5Ge0.5virtual substrates: II. Strain and defects (2007)

International audience
Microwave Radiometer RFI Detection Using Deep Learning (2021)

Radio frequency interference (RFI) is a risk for microwave radiometers due to their requirement of very high sensitivity. The Soil Moisture Active Passive (SMAP) mission has an aggressive approach to RFI detection and filtering using dedicated spaceflight hardware and ground processing software. As more sensors push to observe at larger bandwidths in unprotected or shared spectrum, RFI detection continues to be essential. This article presents a deep learning approach to RFI detection using SMAP spectrogram data as input images. The study utilizes the benefits of transfer learning to evaluate the viability of this method for RFI detection in microwave radiometers. The well-known pretrained convolutional neural networks, AlexNet, GoogleNet, and ResNet-101 were investigated. ResNet-101 provided the highest accuracy with respect to validation data (99%), while AlexNet exhibited the highest agreement with SMAP detection (92%).
Group 3 spatial mechanisms (1998)

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Dengue viruses induce cell proliferation and morphological changes of endothelial cells. (1997)

Replication of dengue viruses (type 1, 2, 3 and 4) in vitro in endothelial cells from human umbilical cord vein was demonstrated by virus titers and immunofluorescent antibody studies. Both showed highest peak at Day 6 after inoculation and declined to origin at Day 14. Some of the cultured endothelial cells detached from the culture well. Most of these floating cells were rarely viable as shown by failure in trypan blue exclusion whereas the adhering cells are mostly viable. More frequent and higher intensity of immunofluorescent positive cells were found in the detached cells as compared to adhering cells. The virus titers in the supernatant and in the adhering cell population were comparable, although floating cells were maximally 26.2% of the total cultured endothelial cells. Many floating cells and occasional adhering cells had numerous blebs on their surface. Endothelial cell proliferation was markedly increased after virus inoculation as compared with the control. Increased number of mitotic cells was also observed in the dengue virus-endothelial cell culture. Comparing among the four types, dengue type 4 induced highest peaks of cell proliferation and cell mitosis at Day 10 after inoculation. Dengue type 2 had the highest virus titers both in adhering cells and in supernatant at Day 6 as compared with other types.
Incidence of C5 nerve root palsy after cervical surgery (2017)

Based on our meta-analysis, posterior approaches, male patients and patients with OPLL have a higher incidence of C5 palsy. In ACDF and LP, patients with OPLL have a higher incidence of C5 palsy, but in LF, patients with CSM and OPLL have similar result.
F. H.Bradley (1992)

Abstract Bradley's views are the ones to which Russell and Moore are most directly reacting. The author approaches those views by considering a criticism of the views of Green. This leads to a consideration of Bradley's views about relations and (relatedly) experience and reality. Bradley's views about judgement and truth occupy the second half of the chapter and are considered in the context of Bradley's criticism of the empiricist's views on the same topic.
Temporal relationships of hepatitis C virus RNA and antibody responses following experimental infection of chimpanzees (1992)

Liver enzyme levels, viral RNA, and the immune response against both structural and nonstructural hepatitis C virus (HCV) proteins have been studied in experimentally infected chimpanzees in order to further understand the natural history of HCV infection. An ELISA for measuring both IgG and IgM responses to core (c22), 33c (NS3), and c100 (NS4) was employed. The IgG response rates were 5/8 for core, and 8/8 for both 33c and c100. Utilizing this antigen combination, at least one antibody response is measureable at, or within 3 weeks of, the major ALT peak. Although no individual antibody response is universally associated with initial detection of seroconversion, the combination of all three recombinant proteins measures seroconversion an average of 54 days earlier than with c100 alone, in 6/8 of the animals. IgM responses were measureable in 5/8 of the chimpanzees, were of shorter duration, and usually arose concomitantly with IgG responses. IgM appears to be a good indicator of primary infection since neither boosting nor recrudescence of disease during the chronic phase of disease elicited a secondary IgM response. Viral RNA can be measured 4-7 days (average = 9 days) postinfection with the period preceding the ALT peak being characterized by several PCR positive segments interrupted by periods in which no viral RNA can be measured. Following the ALT peak, chronically infected animals with recurring ALT elevations are generally PCR positive with intercedent PCR negative periods. Those animals that appear to have biochemically resolved disease generally have PCR negative profiles, although they still may periodically exhibit PCR positive sera. This indicates that with the recent advent of new screening techniques, a more stringent definition of HCV resolution will be required.
Bacillus aerius sp. nov., Bacillus aerophilus sp. nov., Bacillus stratosphericus sp. nov. and Bacillus altitudinis sp. nov., isolated from cryogenic tubes used for collecting air samples from high altitudes (2006)

Four novel bacterial strains were isolated from cryogenic tubes used to collect air samples at altitudes of 24, 28 and 41 km. The four strains, 24K(T), 28K(T), 41KF2a(T) and 41KF2b(T), were identified as members of the genus Bacillus. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that three of the strains, 24K(T), 28K(T) and 41KF2a(T), are very similar to one another (>98 % sequence similarity) and show a similarity of 98-99 % with Bacillus licheniformis and 98 % with Bacillus sonorensis. DNA-DNA hybridization studies showed that strains 24K(T), 28K(T) and 41KF2a(T) exhibit <70 % similarity with each other and with B. licheniformis and B. sonorensis. Differences in phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics between the novel strains and B. licheniformis and B. sonorensis further confirmed that these three isolates are representatives of three separate novel species. Strain 41KF2b(T) showed 100 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to Bacillus pumilus, but differed from its nearest phylogenetic neighbour in a number of phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics and showed only 55 % DNA-DNA relatedness. Therefore, the four isolates represent four novel species for which the names Bacillus aerius sp. nov. (type strain, 24K(T)=MTCC 7303(T)=JCM 13348(T)), Bacillus aerophilus sp. nov. (type strain, 28K(T)=MTCC 7304(T)=JCM 13347(T)), Bacillus stratosphericus sp. nov. (type strain, 41KF2a(T)=MTCC 7305(T)=JCM 13349(T)) and Bacillus altitudinis sp. nov. (type strain, 41KF2b(T)=MTCC 7306(T)=JCM 13350(T)) are proposed.
Supplementary Figure Legends from DNA-PKcs and PARP1 Bind to Unresected Stalled DNA Replication Forks Where They Recruit XRCC1 to Mediate Repair (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Figure Legends&lt;/p&gt;
On-Line Monitoring of the Electric Arc-Spraying Process Based on Acoustic Signatures (1995)

Electric arc spraying (or metal arc spraying) is a process that deposits metal particles on suitable substrates using two consumable wire electrodes. The high-temperature arc formed between these electrodes in an atomizing jet of air produces small molten particles which are used to coat the substrate. The contribution of the process parameters and their interactions on the coating thickness is analysed using Taguchi's design of experiments. The time and frequency domain sound signals generated during the process are utilized to characterize the spraying phenomenon. Stochastic modelling of acoustic signals forms the basis for a closed-loop control mechanism of the arc-spraying process proposed for the first time. Experimental proof of the Gaussian nature of the deposition profile is provided and a mathematical approach has been suggested to obtain a uniform deposit thickness in a single pass.
Comprehensive study of the transitions between stable mode-locking and soliton explosions in a fiber laser mode-locked with a nonlinear amplifying loop mirror (2018)

We present a comprehensive study on the dynamics of transitions between stable mode-locking and instabilities with soliton explosions or noise-like emissions depending on all of the effective parameters of the fiber laser cavity mode-locked by a nonlinear amplifying loop mirror (NALM). By numerically solving a generalized nonlinear Schr&#x00F6;dinger equation, the spectral and temporal shapes of the pulses during the different roundtrips are calculated and the event of soliton explosions is investigated by tuning the characteristics of components of the cavity, such as those in the main loop, including filter bandwidth, length of passive fiber, rate of output coupling, and pump power, and also the components of the NALM, such as pump power, passive fiber length, and the coupling rate of this loop to the main loop. The results indicate how one can convert an unstable state with the soliton explosions to a long-term stable mode-locking state by tuning each parameter and adjusting the nonlinear phase difference of clockwise and counterclockwise waves in the NALM.
Metallogels Derived from Silver Coordination Polymers of C3‐Symmetric Tris(pyridylamide) Tripodal Ligands: Synthesis of Ag Nanoparticles and Catalysis (2014)

By applying a recently developed crystal engineering rationale, four C3 symmetric tris(pyridylamide) ligands namely 1,3,5-tris(nicotinamidomethyl)-2,4,6-triethylbenzene, 1,3,5-tris(isonicotinamidomethyl)-2,4,6-triethylbenzene, 1,3,5-tris(nicotinamidomethyl)-2,4,6-trimethylbenzene, and 1,3,5-tris(isonicotinamidomethyl)-2,4,6-trimethylbenzene, which contain potential hydrogen-bonding sites, were designed and synthesized for generating Ag(I) coordination polymers and coordination-polymer-based gels. The coordination polymers thus obtained were characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The silver metallogels were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and dynamic rheology. Upon exposure to visible light, these silver metallogels produced silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), which were characterized by TEM, powder X-ray diffraction, energy dispersive X-ray and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. These NPs were found to be effectively catalyzed the reduction of 4-nitrophenolate to 4-aminophenolate without the use of any exogenous reducing agent.
Nonlinear Energy Harvesting Models in Wireless Information and Power Transfer (2018)

This work compares different linear and nonlinear RF energy harvesting models, including limited or unlimited sensitivity, for simultaneous wireless information and power transfer (SWIPT). The probability of successful SWIPT reception under a family of radio frequency (RF) harvesting models is rigorously quantified, using state-of-the-art rectifiers in the context of commercial RFIDs. A significant portion of SWIPT literature uses oversimplified models that do not account for limited sensitivity or nonlinearity of the underlying harvesting circuitry. This work demonstrates how close to a practical scenario is the performance offered by a number of recently proposed RF energy harvesting models and concludes that for practical SWIPT studies, the inherent non-ideal characteristics of the system should be carefully taken into account; specific modeling methodology is also proposed.
The Diagnosis of Cardiac Arrhythmias: A Prospective Multi‐Center Randomized Study Comparing Mobile Cardiac Outpatient Telemetry Versus Standard Loop Event Monitoring (2007)

MCOT provided a significantly higher yield than standard cardiac loop recorders in patients with symptoms suggestive of a significant cardiac arrhythmia.
An efficient selftimed adder design (1995)

Existing adders use a horizontal carry propagation scheme to converge to a sum. Horizontal carry propagation inhibits the exploitation of the potential parallelism inherent in the process of addition. By using a vertical carry propagation scheme and self timing, this parallelism can be easily exploited. In the work presented here, we examine one such vertical boolean scheme for carry propagation and its implementation using self timing. The average speed of a n-bit adder thus implemented approaches O(log n) and has a hardware complexity of only O(n).
Acceptance testing of electric motors and generators (1988)

A comprehensive inspection and acceptance-test program for electric motors and generators of 300 HP (225 kW) and larger is outlined. Induction and synchronous machines are included, and references are made to IEEE, ANSI, and NEMA standards for the electrical tests. Recommended electrical and mechanical inspections and tests are described, and bearing housing and shaft vibration limits are recommended for all types of electric machines. The mechanical test procedures and vibration limits described are proposed for inclusion in future editions of IEEE and NEMA standards. An inspection and test matrix for highly critical special-purpose and less critical general-purpose machines is given.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Hair-Growth Potential of Ginseng and Its Major Metabolites: A Review on Its Molecular Mechanisms (2018)

The functional aspect of scalp hair is not only to protect from solar radiation and heat/cold exposure but also to contribute to one's appearance and personality. Progressive hair loss has a cosmetic and social impact. Hair undergoes three stages of hair cycle: the anagen, catagen, and telogen phases. Through cyclical loss and new-hair growth, the number of hairs remains relatively constant. A variety of factors, such as hormones, nutritional status, and exposure to radiations, environmental toxicants, and medications, may affect hair growth. Androgens are the most important of these factors that cause androgenic alopecia. Other forms of hair loss include immunogenic hair loss, that is, alopecia areata. Although a number of therapies, such as finasteride and minoxidil, are approved medications, and a few others (e.g., tofacitinib) are in progress, a wide variety of structurally diverse classes of phytochemicals, including those present in ginseng, have demonstrated hair growth-promoting effects in a large number of preclinical studies. The purpose of this review is to focus on the potential of ginseng and its metabolites on the prevention of hair loss and its underlying mechanisms.
A New Method for Immobilization of His-Tagged Proteins with the Application of Low-Frequency AC Electric Field (2018)

Continued advancement of protein array, bioelectrode, and biosensor technologies is necessary to develop methods for higher amount and highly oriented immobilization activity of proteins. In pursuit of these goals, we developed a new immobilization method by combining electrostatic transport and subsequent molecular diffusion of protein molecules. Our developed immobilization method is based on a model that transports proteins toward the substrate surface due to steep concentration gradient generated by low-frequency AC electric field. The immobilization of the maximum amounts can be obtained by the application of the AC voltage of 80 Vpp, 20 Hz both for His-tagged Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP) and <i>Discosoma</i> sp. Red Fluorescent Protein (DsRed), used as model proteins. The amounts of the immobilized His-tagged GFP and DsRed were approximately seven-fold higher than that in the absence of the application of low-frequency AC electric field. Furthermore, the positively and negatively charged His-tagged GFP at acidic and alkaline pH were immobilized by applying of low-frequency AC electric field, whereas the non-charged His-tagged GFP at the pH corresponding to its isoelectric point (pI) was not immobilized. Therefore, unless the pH is equal to pI, the immobilization of electrically charged proteins was strongly enhanced through electrostatic transport and subsequent molecular diffusion.
Supplementary Figure S1 from Proof of Concept of a Personalized Genetic Risk Tool to Promote Smoking Cessation: High Acceptability and Reduced Cigarette Smoking (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Change in smoking by RiskProfile status, smoking heaviness, and level of genetic risk&lt;/p&gt;
AI EDAM Special Issue, May 2017, Vol. 31, No. 2 (2016)

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