gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Dietary trans-monounsaturated fatty acids negatively impact plasma lipids in humans: critical review of the evidence. (1996)

Trans fatty acids (t-FA) are geometrical isomers of unsaturated fatty acids that assume a saturated fatty acid-like configuration. Human diets contain t-FA derived from animal sources (e.g., dairy products and ruminant meats), but most are supplied by products containing industrially hydrogenated vegetable oils (e.g., margarines, shortenings and baked goods). Typical intake of t-FA in American diets has been estimated to be between 8-15 g/day, although wide variation exists between individuals. Human clinical studies since 1990 have revealed that relative to cis-monounsaturated fatty acids (i.e., oleic acid), t-FA increase total cholesterol (TC) and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and tend to decrease high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) concentrations. Additionally, t-FA tend to increase the atherogenic lipoprotein (a). Thus, t-FA induce an adverse plasma lipid profile (increased ratios of TC/LDL-C and LDL-C/HDL-C), which represents increased risk for coronary heart disease. The effects of t-FA on LDL-C and HDL-C appear to be directly related to intake and clinically measurable above 3%en as t-FA. The cholesterol-raising ability of t-FA is analogous to that of the 12-16 carbon saturated fatty acids, possibly reflecting increased LDL production or delayed LDL clearance. By contrast, t-FA are unlike the saturated fatty acids in their depression of HDL-C. Preliminary evidence suggests that at least part of their impact on lipoproteins reflects increased serum cholesteryl ester transfer protein activity, i.e., increased transfer of cholesteryl esters from HDL to LDL. Since the adverse effects of t-FA on human plasma lipids may be confined to specific isomers, future studies delineating their effects are warranted.
Can I get a witness? (2005)

Purpose The aim of the article is to introduce readers to a novel way of utilizing experts to assist learning Design/methodology/approach The article is based on significant experience of using the witness approach over many years. Findings We have found that managers and others like using the witness approach. It clearly enhances learning and this has been identified in evaluation studies. Practical implications The article shows how organizations can use the witness approach in practical situations. Originality/value Most people have never heard of the witness approach and so it will be seen as quite an original contribution to the field.
Mapping of wind-thrown forests in Southern Sweden using space- and airborne SAR (2005)

Space- and airborne SAR have a potential for providing timely information of forest storm damage. In this paper, we compare Envisat, Radarsat and CARABAS with aerial photography and field observations after a severe storm event. The spaceborne C-band images were not able to detect the storm- damaged areas due to unfavorable frequency band and coarse resolution. The airborne CARABAS VHF SAR, on the other hand, detects most storm-damaged forest areas and even partly damaged which are often not detected in the aerial photography.
New protein ingredients for skin detergency: native wheat protein–surfactant complexes (1994)

Synopsis The cutaneous tolerability of detergent formulations can be improved by means of suitable additives. Exogenous proteins, for example, are able to reduce the skin irritation potential of surfactants according to a double mechanism: they complex the surfactant molecules lowering the concentration of their free monomeric species; they link to the skin keratin forming a protective colloidal layer that shields the denaturing attack of surfactants. Protein derivatives used as additives for detergency are usually prepared by partial hydrolysis of animal scleroproteins or plant reserve proteins. The main purpose of the hydrolytic cleavage is to make them water soluble and suitable for liquid products. Native, non hydrolysed wheat proteins have been recently introduced as active ingredients for detergents. Water solubility and stability are obtained by means of complexation with surfactants which also increases their actual hydrophobicity, an important parameter affecting cosmetic properties of proteins. The anti-irritant properties of these new derivatives of detergents have been evaluated by in vitro predictive tests (swelling response of collagen membranes), by acute irritancy in vivo methods (occlusive patch tests) and by use tests (forearm washing test). Transepidermal water loss and electric capacitance have been adopted as investigation techniques to evaluate the skin integrity/damage after the in vivo tests. The performance of native wheat protein-surfactant complexes has been compared with traditional protein hydrolysates and to amphoteric surfactants as detergent additives. The results show a noticeable reduction of skin irritation in surfactant formulations with addition of native wheat proteins.
Proximal Screw Configuration Alters Peak Plate Strain Without Changing Construct Stiffness in Comminuted Supracondylar Femur Fractures (2017)

Plate strain in lateral plating of supracondylar femur fractures is decreased using nonlocking screws proximal to the fracture. Increasing the working length reduces plate strains over the working length yet should be cautioned because of increased interfragmentary shear motion.
Robust Analysis and Sensitivity Design of Model Predictive Control (2020)

Model Predictive Control (MPC) algorithms have an inherently time domain based design. Design parameters are directly connected to the discrete time domain (sample time, prediction horizon), or impact the discrete time state-space model (weight matrices). We provide an analysis and design method for MPC systems in the frequency domain, including the determination of robustness margins. Pre-designed MPC applications are analyzed for their multi-dimensional gain and phase margin. An adjustment design method to improve unsatisfactory results is given. This approach is shown in a simulation example.
Antiviral agents (1978)

"If only someone could find a cure for flu and colds, what a pleasant place the world would be." How many times in a year does one hear this cry from the heart, when people are in the throes of an upper respiratory virus infection, noses running, coughing, sneezing and feeling utterly miserable.
A Hybrid Scheme for Authenticating Scalable Video Codestreams (2014)

A scalable video coding (SVC) codestream consists of one base layer and possibly several enhancement layers. The base layer, which contains the lowest quality and resolution images, is the foundation of the SVC codestream and must be delivered to recipients, whereas enhancement layers contain richer contour/texture of images in order to supplement the base layer in resolution, quality, and temporal scalabilities. This paper presents a novel hybrid authentication (HAU) scheme. The HAU employs both cryptographic authentication and content-based authentication techniques to ensure integrity and authenticity of the SVC codestreams. Our analysis and experimental results indicate that the HAU is able to detect malicious manipulations and locate the tampered image regions while is robust to content-preserving manipulations for enhancement layers. Although our focus in this paper is on authenticating H.264/SVC codestreams, the proposed technique is also applicable to authenticate other scalable multimedia contents such as MPEG-4 fine grain scalability and JPEG2000 codestreams.
Characterisation of edgeless technologies for pixellated and strip silicon detectors with a micro-focused X-ray beam (2013)

Reduced edge or "edgeless" detector design offers seamless tileability of sensors for a wide range of applications from particle physics to synchrotron and free election laser (FEL) facilities and medical imaging. Combined with through-silicon-via (TSV) technology, this would allow reduced material trackers for particle physics and an increase in the active area for synchrotron and FEL pixel detector systems. In order to quantify the performance of different edgeless fabrication methods, 2 edgeless detectors were characterized at the Diamond Light Source using an 11 μm FWHM 15 keV micro-focused X-ray beam. The devices under test were: a 150 μm thick silicon active edge pixel sensor fabricated at VTT and bump-bonded to a Medipix2 ROIC; and a 300 μm thick silicon strip sensor fabricated at CIS with edge reduction performed by SCIPP and the NRL and wire bonded to an ALiBaVa readout system. Sub-pixel resolution of the 55 μm active edge pixels was achieved. Further scans showed no drop in charge collection recorded between the centre and edge pixels, with a maximum deviation of 5% in charge collection between scanned edge pixels. Scans across the cleaved and standard guard ring edges of the strip detector also show no reduction in charge collection. These results indicate techniques such as the scribe, cleave and passivate (SCP) and active edge processes offer real potential for reduced edge, tiled sensors for imaging detection applications.
Recherche de nouveaux groupements bioreversibles pour masquer les charges internucléosidiques des oligonucléotides antisens. Etude de l'environnement du phosphore internucléosidique le plus adapté à l'approche pro-oligonucléotide (1996)

Dans le but d'ameliorer la penetration cellulaire des oligonucleotides antisens, nous avons envisage le masquage bioreversible de leurs charges internucleosidiques. Nous avons developpe deux aspects de cette approche dite pro-oligonucleotide. D'une part, la synthese de groupements bioreversibles, derives soit de l'acide glucuronique, soit de l'acide aminobutyrique, susceptibles d'etre reconnus par des esterases cellulaires afin de liberer l'oligonucleotide demasque dans la cellule. D'autre part, l'etude de l'environnement du phosphore internucleosidique et du carbonyle du groupement bioreversible les plus adaptes a cette approche. Nous avons montre que les dithymidines modeles dont l'atome de phosphore est doublement lie a un atome de soufre et dont la fonction du groupement bioreversible est un thioester presentent les meilleures proprietes, c'est-a-dire stabilite en milieu extracellulaire et demasquage rapide en milieu intracellulaire
Correlations between Shine-Dalgarno Sequences and Gene Features Such as Predicted Expression Levels (2002)

This work assesses relationships for 30 complete prokaryotic genomes between the presence of the ShineDalgarno (SD) sequence and other gene features, including expression levels, type of start codon, and distance between successive genes. A significant positive correlation of the presence of an SD sequence and the predicted expression level of a gene based on codon usage biases was ascertained, such that predicted highly expressed genes are more likely to possess a strong SD sequence than average genes. Genes with AUG start codons are more likely than genes with other start codons, GUG or UUG, to possess an SD sequence. Genes in close proximity to upstream genes on the same coding strand in most genomes are significantly higher in SD presence. In light of these results, we discuss the role of the SD sequence in translation initiation and its relationship with predicted gene expression levels and with operon structure in both bacterial and archaeal genomes.
Effective connectivity extracts clinically relevant prognostic information from resting state activity in stroke (2020)

ABSTRACT Recent resting-state fMRI studies in stroke patients have identified two robust biomarkers of acute brain dysfunction: a reduction of inter-hemispheric functional connectivity (FC) between homotopic regions of the same network, and an abnormal increase of ipsilesional FC between task-negative and task-positive resting-state networks (RSNs). Whole-brain computational modeling studies, at the individual subject level, using undirected effective connectivity (EC) derived from empirically measured FC, have shown a reduction of measures of integration and segregation in stroke as compared to healthy brains. Here we employ a novel method, first, to infer whole-brain directional EC from zero-lagged and lagged FC, then, to compare it to empirically measured FC for predicting stroke vs. healthy status, and patient performance (zero, one, multiple deficits) across neuropsychological tests. We also investigated the accuracy of FC vs. model EC in predicting the long-term outcome from acute measures. Both FC and EC predicted healthy from stroke individuals significantly better than the chance-level, however, EC accuracy was significantly higher than that of FC at 1-2 weeks, three months, and one year post-stroke. The predictive FC links mainly included those reported in previous studies (within-network inter-hemispheric, and between task-positive and -negative networks intra-hemispherically). Predictive EC links included additional between-network links. EC was a better predictor than FC of the number of behavioral domains in which patients suffered deficits, both at two weeks and one-year post onset of stroke. Interestingly, patient deficits at one-year time point were better predicted by EC values at two weeks rather than at one-year time point. Our results thus demonstrate that the second-order statistics of fMRI resting-state activity at an early stage of stroke, derived from a whole-brain EC, estimated in a model fitted to reproduce the propagation of BOLD activity, has pertinent information for clinical prognosis.
LTE: the evolution of mobile broadband (2009)

This article provides an overview of the LTE radio interface, recently approved by the 3GPP, together with a more in-depth description of its features such as spectrum flexibility, multi-antenna transmission, and inter-cell interference control. The performance of LTE and some of its key features is illustrated with simulation results. The article is concluded with an outlook into the future evolution of LTE.
Supplemental Figure Legend from Functional Flow Patterns and Static Blood Pooling in Tumors Revealed by Combined Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound and Photoacoustic Imaging (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Legend for Supplemental Figure S1.&lt;/p&gt;
Solid Electrolyte Interphase Formation in Iron (II) Fluoride Conversion Electrodes (2013)

Abstract not Available.
Research and Implementation of Large-scale Performance Evaluation (2005)

This paper presents a method for large-scale performance evaluation, and thoroughly discusses the implement mechanism in hardware and software. Also, this paper sets forth the principle of design, the representation way of implement in the running and message model respectively. A prototype of this method has been applied to a project named ServerScope, which shows the application of this method can markedly reduce the cost and difficulty of testing, and shorten the development cycle of the testing program.
Accuracy and Sensitivity of the Thermal Lens Method for Measuring Absorption (1966)

The effect of two lenses inserted in an optical resonator is studied. The modified resonance condition is given together with the stability condition and the spot sizes at the mirrors. Diagrams are given which allow the focal lengths of two lenses to be calculated from the known spot sizes at both mirrors. The effect of a third (the thermal) lens is studied and conditions for calculating its focal length by measuring the spot size at one mirror only are examined. The experimental procedure for the measurement of absorbencies by the thermal lens method is outlined. The various effects that can affect the precision of the measurement are studied, and the conditions for maximum sensitivity of the method are given.
Sub-50  fs, µJ-level pulses from a Mamyshev oscillator–amplifier system (2019)

In this Letter, we present a Mamyshev oscillator with an output power of 332 mW and a pulse energy of 31 nJ, which is directly amplified in an additional fiber section. By balancing the gain-narrowing effect with self-phase modulation during the amplification, we achieved an average output power of 11 W, corresponding to a pulse energy of more than 1 µJ. The pulse duration can be compressed to sub-50 fs behind the amplification stage.
The Paradox of Lead Poisoning Prevention (1998)

Subclinical lead toxicity, defined as a blood lead level of 10 micrograms per deciliter or higher, is estimated to affect 1 in every 20 children in the United States. The results of numerous studies argue that efforts to prevent neurocognitive impairment associated with lead exposure should emphasize primary prevention--the elimination of residential lead hazards before a child is unduly exposed. These data contrast, paradoxically, with current practices and policies that rely almost exclusively on secondary prevention efforts--attempts to reduce a child9s exposure to residential lead hazards only after a child has been unduly exposed. There is also a paucity of data demonstrating the safety or benefits of lead hazard controls for children with blood lead levels below 25 mg/dl. Despite a strong federal commitment to children9s health, it is unlikely that the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency9s final residential lead standards will adequately protect urban children from undue lead exposure. The author argues it is time to establish a scientifically based strategy to eliminate subclinical lead toxicity resulting from residential lead hazards.
Antimicrobial Peptides in 2014 (2015)

This article highlights new members, novel mechanisms of action, new functions, and interesting applications of antimicrobial peptides reported in 2014. As of December 2014, over 100 new peptides were registered into the Antimicrobial Peptide Database, increasing the total number of entries to 2493. Unique antimicrobial peptides have been identified from marine bacteria, fungi, and plants. Environmental conditions clearly influence peptide activity or function. Human α-defensin HD-6 is only antimicrobial under reduced conditions. The pH-dependent oligomerization of human cathelicidin LL-37 is linked to double-stranded RNA delivery to endosomes, where the acidic pH triggers the dissociation of the peptide aggregate to release its cargo. Proline-rich peptides, previously known to bind to heat shock proteins, are shown to inhibit protein synthesis. A model antimicrobial peptide is demonstrated to have multiple hits on bacteria, including surface protein delocalization. While cell surface modification to decrease cationic peptide binding is a recognized resistance mechanism for pathogenic bacteria, it is also used as a survival strategy for commensal bacteria. The year 2014 also witnessed continued efforts in exploiting potential applications of antimicrobial peptides. We highlight 3D structure-based design of peptide antimicrobials and vaccines, surface coating, delivery systems, and microbial detection devices involving antimicrobial peptides. The 2014 results also support that combination therapy is preferred over monotherapy in treating biofilms.
Preparation and Properties of Branched Polystyrene through Radical Suspension Polymerization (2017)

Radical solvent-free suspension polymerization of styrene with 3-mercapto hexyl-methacrylate (MHM) as the branching monomer has been carried out using 2,2'-azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) as the initiator to prepare branched polymer beads of high purity. The molecular weight and branching structure of the polymers have been characterized by triple detection size exclusion chromatography (TD-SEC), proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (¹H-NMR), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The glass transition temperature and rheological properties have been measured by using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and rotational rheometry. At mole ratios of MHM to AIBN less than 1.0, gelation was successfully avoided and branched polystyrene beads were prepared in the absence of any solvent. Branched polystyrene has a relatively higher molecular weight and narrower polydispersity (<i>M</i><sub>w.MALLS</sub> = 1,036,000 g·mol<sup>-1</sup>, <i>M</i><sub>w</sub>/<i>M</i><sub>n</sub> = 7.76) than those obtained in solution polymerization. Compared with their linear analogues, lower glass transition temperature and decreased chain entanglement were observed in the presently obtained branched polystyrene because of the effects of branching.
Retrograde Thrombectomy for Chronic Occlusion of the Common Carotid Artery (1967)

TOTAL occlusion of the common carotid artery is a significant cause of cerebrovascular insufficiency.<sup>1-4</sup>This lesion has been found in from 3% to 20% of all patients who have symptoms caused by extracranial vascular disease.<sup>1-6</sup>In our series this lesion occurred in 5% of the patients. Surgical repair of occlusion of the common carotid artery requires an operation of considerable magnitude, compared to the local procedure used for lesions of the internal carotid. The standard technique used to restore circulation after common carotid occlusion involves a simultaneous thoracic and cervical approach. Once the vessel is exposed proximal and distal to the occlusion, a thromboendarterectomy or a bypass graft is used to restore circulation.<sup>1-4,6-9</sup>An alternative, less extensive approach involves a bypass graft from the ipsilateral subclavian artery to the carotid bifurcation.<sup>2</sup>With the exception of the latter procedure, repair of a totally occluded common carotid artery
Reply on RC1 (2021)

<strong class="journal-contentHeaderColor">Abstract.</strong> Eight years of upper-tropospheric (UT) ice crystal measurements with the backscatter cloud probe (BCP), installed on commercial aircraft operated as part of the In-Service Aircraft for a Global Observing System (IAGOS), have been analyzed to assess the frequency and characteristics of extreme ice crystal events (EIEs), defined in this study as encounters with clouds that have number concentrations exceeding 5000âL<span class="inline-formula"><sup>â1</sup></span>. A total of 3196 events, in clouds of horizontal extent <span class="inline-formula">â¥</span>â2.5âkm, were identified during the period from DecemberÂ 2011 to MarchÂ 2020 in the latitude band between 30<span class="inline-formula"><sup>â</sup></span>âS and 30<span class="inline-formula"><sup>â</sup></span>âN. Regions of anthropogenic sources of carbon monoxide, with particles that can alter cloud microphysics, were attributed to these EIEs in UT clouds using the SOFT-IO model. The evaluation of low- and upper-level kinematic variables from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ERA5) reanalysis, combined with spatial distributions of aerosol optical depth and regions of biomass burning, highlights the physical mechanisms by which the particles are lofted to flight levels in regions of deep convection. The maps of lightning frequency, derived from the World Wide Lightning Location Network (WWLLN), provide additional evidence of the role of deep convection in transporting aerosol particles, cloud hydrometeors and carbon monoxide to aircraft cruising altitudes. The evaluation of aerosol particle mass concentrations and composition from the Modern-Era Retrospective analysis for Research and Applications, Version 2 (MERRA-2) contributes additional evidence for a link between regions of EIEs and surface emissions of dust, black carbon (BC), organic carbon (OC) and sulfate particles. Given the composition of the source aerosols and the role of deep convection in their transport to the UT, the sampled ice clouds likely originate from the homogeneous or heterogeneous freezing of droplets formed on these particles, as has been reported in previous studies. The results from this study, which have been obtained from a large sample of measurements, have ramifications related to satellite measurement validation, weather forecasting and climate change. In addition, over 2000 of the randomly sampled clouds had derived ice water contents larger than 1âgâm<span class="inline-formula"><sup>â3</sup></span>, a concentration that is considered potentially hazardous to commercial aircraft operations.