gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Unsteady numerical investigation of two different corrugated airfoils (2016)

An unsteady, two-dimensional numerical study was conducted to investigate the aerodynamic and flow characteristics of two bio-inspired corrugated airfoils at Re = 14,000 and compared with those of a smooth NACA0010 airfoil. Mean aerodynamic results reveal that the corrugated airfoils have better lift performance compared to the NACA0010 airfoil but incur slightly higher drag penalty. Mean flow streamlines indicate that this favourable performance is due to the ability of the corrugated airfoils in mitigating large-scale flow separations and stall. Unsteady flow field results show persistent formations of small recirculating vortices that remain within the corrugations at 10° angle-of-attack or less for one of the corrugated airfoil and below 15° for the other. In contrast, the flow behaviour can be highly turbulent with regular pairings of large-scale flow separation vortices along the upper surface at higher angles-of-attack. This not only disrupts the small recirculating vortices and causes them to detach from the corrugated surfaces, but it gets increasingly dominant at higher angles-of-attack resulting in regular lift and drag oscillations. At the end of each cycle, there is a sudden ejection of flow perpendicular to the airfoil surface and these disruptions manifest themselves as “kinks” in the instantaneous lift and drag of the corrugated airfoils. Therefore instead of regular fluctuations, the lift and drag curves have additional undulations. Despite that, the corrugations are able to produce larger pressure differentials between the upper and lower surfaces than the smooth airfoil. The current study demonstrates the intricate relationships between different sharp surface corrugations and favourable aerodynamic performance. In particular, results from this paper supports earlier investigations that corrugated airfoils may be used to good effects even at low Reynolds numbers, where flow separations are more likely.
A dynamic memory management unit for embedded real-time system-on-a-chip (2000)

Dealing with global on-chip memory allocation/de-allocation in a dynamic yet deterministic way is an important issue for upcoming billion transistor multiprocessor System-on-a-Chip (SoC) designs.
Double negative T cells, a potential biomarker for systemic lupus erythematosus (2020)

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease that is a challenge to diagnose and treat. There is an urgent need for biomarkers to help define organ involvement, and more effective therapies. A unique population of T cells, the CD3<sup>+</sup>CD4<sup>-</sup>CD8<sup>-</sup> (DNeg) cells, is significantly increased in lupus patients. Twenty-seven cases (53%) of pediatric SLE patients had elevated DNeg cells in their peripheral blood, which correlated with kidney function (<i>R<sup>2</sup></i> = 0.54). Significant infiltration of DNeg cells was observed in both adult and pediatric lupus kidneys by immunofluorescence. For the first time, this study provides direct evidence that DNeg cells facilitate kidney injury in preclinical 8-week-old MRL/<i>lpr</i> lupus mice. In lupus mice, the increase in DNeg cells tracked with worsening disease and correlated with kidney function (<i>R<sup>2</sup></i> = 0.85). Our results show that DNeg cells <i>per se</i> can cause kidney dysfunction, increase in number with increase in disease pathology, and could serve as a potential biomarker.
Design and evaluation of a switch cache architecture for CC-NUMA multiprocessors (2000)

Cache coherent nonuniform memory access (CC-NUMA) multiprocessors provide a scalable design for shared memory. But, they continue to suffer from large remote memory access latencies due to comparatively slow memory technology and large data transfer latencies in the interconnection network. In this paper, we propose a novel hardware caching technique, called switch cache, to improve the remote memory access performance of CC-NUMA multiprocessors. The main idea is to implement small fast caches in crossbar switches of the interconnect medium to capture and store shared data as they flow from the memory module to the requesting processor. This stored data acts as a cache for subsequent requests, thus reducing the need for remote memory accesses tremendously. The implementation of a cache in a crossbar switch needs to be efficient and robust, yet flexible for changes in the caching protocol. The design and implementation details of a CAche Embedded Switch ARchitecture, CAESAR, using wormhole routing with virtual channels is presented. We explore the design space of switch caches by modeling CAESAR in a detailed execution driven simulator and analyze the performance benefits. Our results show that the CAESAR switch cache is capable of improving the performance of CC-NUMA multiprocessors by up to 45 percent reduction in remote memory accesses for some applications. By serving remote read requests at various stages in the interconnect, we observe improvements in execution time as high as 20 percent for these applications. We conclude that switch caches provide a cost-effective solution for designing high performance CC-NUMA multiprocessors.
Revisiting Unreasonable Effectiveness of Data in Deep Learning Era (2017)

The success of deep learning in vision can be attributed to: (a) models with high capacity; (b) increased computational power; and (c) availability of large-scale labeled data. Since 2012, there have been significant advances in representation capabilities of the models and computational capabilities of GPUs. But the size of the biggest dataset has surprisingly remained constant. What will happen if we increase the dataset size by 10x or 100x? This paper takes a step towards clearing the clouds of mystery surrounding the relationship between `enormous data' and visual deep learning. By exploiting the JFT-300M dataset which has more than 375M noisy labels for 300M images, we investigate how the performance of current vision tasks would change if this data was used for representation learning. Our paper delivers some surprising (and some expected) findings. First, we find that the performance on vision tasks increases logarithmically based on volume of training data size. Second, we show that representation learning (or pre-training) still holds a lot of promise. One can improve performance on many vision tasks by just training a better base model. Finally, as expected, we present new state-of-the-art results for different vision tasks including image classification, object detection, semantic segmentation and human pose estimation. Our sincere hope is that this inspires vision community to not undervalue the data and develop collective efforts in building larger datasets.
Meat Mutagens and Breast Cancer in Postmenopausal Women—A Cohort Analysis (2010)

Overall prospective data including results from our study do not provide support for a substantial increase in risk of breast cancer with higher intake of HCAs.
SSUSI-Lite: a far-ultraviolet hyper-spectral imager for space weather remote sensing (2015)

SSUSI-Lite is a far-ultraviolet (115-180nm) hyperspectral imager for monitoring space weather. The SSUSI and GUVI sensors, its predecessors, have demonstrated their value as space weather monitors. SSUSI-Lite is a refresh of the Special Sensor Ultraviolet Spectrographic Imager (SSUSI) design that has flown on the Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP) spacecraft F16 through F19. The refresh updates the 25-year-old design and insures that the next generation of SSUSI/GUVI sensors can be accommodated on any number of potential platforms. SSUSI-Lite maintains the same optical layout as SSUSI, includes updates to key functional elements, and reduces the sensor volume, mass, and power requirements. SSUSI-Lite contains an improved scanner design that results in precise mirror pointing and allows for variable scan profiles. The detector electronics have been redesigned to employ all digital pulse processing. The largest decrease in volume, mass, and power has been obtained by consolidating all control and power electronics into one data processing unit.
Automatically Annotating Indoor Images with CAD Models via RGB-D Scans (2022)

We present an automatic method for annotating images of indoor scenes with the CAD models of the objects by relying on RGB-D scans. Through a visual evaluation by 3D experts, we show that our method retrieves annotations that are at least as accurate as manual annotations, and can thus be used as ground truth without the burden of manually annotating 3D data. We do this using an analysis-by-synthesis approach, which compares renderings of the CAD models with the captured scene. We introduce a 'cloning procedure' that identifies objects that have the same geometry, to annotate these objects with the same CAD models. This allows us to obtain complete annotations for the ScanNet dataset and the recent ARKitScenes dataset.
Role of Protein Dimeric Interface in Allosteric Inhibition of N-Acetyl-Aspartate Hydrolysis by Human Aspartoacylase (2017)

The results of molecular modeling suggest a mechanism of allosteric inhibition upon hydrolysis of N-acetyl-aspartate (NAA), one of the most abundant amino acid derivatives in brain, by human aspartoacylase (hAsp). Details of this reaction are important to suggest the practical ways to control the enzyme activity. Search for allosteric sites using the Allosite web server and SiteMap analysis allowed us to identify substrate binding pockets located at the interface between the subunits of the hAsp dimer molecule. Molecular docking of NAA to the pointed areas at the dimer interface predicted a specific site, in which the substrate molecule interacts with the Gly237, Arg233, Glu290, and Lys292 residues. Analysis of multiple long-scaled molecular dynamics trajectories (the total simulation time exceeded 1.5 μs) showed that binding of NAA to the identified allosteric site induced significant rigidity to the protein loops with the amino acid side chains forming gates to the enzyme active site. Application of the protein dynamical network algorithms showed that substantial reorganization of the signal propagation pathways of intersubunit communication in the dimer occurred upon allosteric NAA binding to the remote site. The modeling approaches provide an explanation to the observed decrease of the reaction rate of NAA hydrolysis by hAsp at high substrate concentrations.
Utilizing built infrastructure and otherwise non-utilizable space for solar PV power projects—A case study for an educational institution (2017)

Ground mounted solar PV systems utilize a large amount of land that could otherwise be used for different developmental activities, such as agricultural growth, fuel crops production, and industrial development. Utilizing the already built infrastructures such as building rooftops, parking sheds, and canal water systems for installation of solar PV projects has proven beneficial as it minimizes the procurement and opportunity cost of the land. Taking into consideration the best practices adopted globally, Pakistan must evolve its policy for a shift towards utilization of existing infrastructures rather than using prime lands for solar PV power projects. Building Integrated Photovoltaic (BIPV) systems have been effective for deployment and penetration of solar PV technology (SPVT) in different countries. In this paper, we present a case study, established on the basis of existing BIPV principles followed in developed countries. This case study proposes to utilize existing storm water drains, parking lots, and land across lake sites for solar PV system installation at an educational institution, National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST). A detailed analysis has been performed to evaluate the project's financial feasibility in terms of economic indexes such as Payback Period, Discounted Cash Flows, Net Present Value, and Internal Rate of Return. Results show that a 5 MW distributed solar PV system installed on an otherwise non-utilizable land at the university's premises shall provide a payback period of 7.09 years at an attractive internal rate of return of 13%.
A cooperative-binding split aptamer assay for rapid, specific and ultra-sensitive fluorescence detection of cocaine in saliva (2016)

Sensors employing split aptamers that reassemble in the presence of a target can achieve excellent specificity, but the accompanying reduction of target affinity mitigates any overall gains in sensitivity. We for the first time have developed a split aptamer that achieves enhanced target-binding affinity through cooperative binding. We have generated a split cocaine-binding aptamer that incorporates two binding domains, such that target binding at one domain greatly increases the affinity of the second domain. We experimentally demonstrate that the resulting cooperative-binding split aptamer (CBSA) exhibits higher target binding affinity and is far more responsive in terms of target-induced aptamer assembly compared to the single-domain parent split aptamer (PSA) from which it was derived. We further confirm that the target-binding affinity of our CBSA can be affected by the cooperativity of its binding domains and the intrinsic affinity of its PSA. To the best of our knowledge, CBSA-5335 has the highest cocaine affinity of any split aptamer described to date. The CBSA-based assay also demonstrates excellent performance in target detection in complex samples. Using this CBSA, we achieved specific, ultra-sensitive, one-step fluorescence detection of cocaine within fifteen minutes at concentrations as low as 50 nM in 10% saliva without signal amplification. This limit of detection meets the standards recommended by the European Union's Driving under the Influence of Drugs, Alcohol and Medicines program. Our assay also demonstrates excellent reproducibility of results, confirming that this CBSA-platform represents a robust and sensitive means for cocaine detection in actual clinical samples.
Supplementary Table 7 from Identification of a Clinically Relevant Androgen-Dependent Gene Signature in Prostate Cancer (2023)

Supplementary Table 7 from Identification of a Clinically Relevant Androgen-Dependent Gene Signature in Prostate Cancer
Array antenna composed of circularly polarized dielectric resonator antennas (2003)

Previously, a dielectric resonator antenna (DRA) including circularly polarized DRA (CP-DRA) has been studied by many researchers, since it can be used as an efficient radiator in the high frequency region. A new type of CP-DRA element fed by an asymmetric cross-slot is proposed here. This type of CP-DRB is probably one of the simplest devices for producing circular polarization at or near the millimeter-wave region. This paper presents the radiation properties of a new type of CP-DRB element together with the design technique of a DRA array composed of a pair of CP-DRAs. In order to evaluate the performance, some DRA elements and its arrays were fabricated and tested at X-band. The 3-dB axial-ratio bandwidth obtained from this new type of DRA array was about 20% at X-band, and it had an extremely broadband performance compared to that of a normal array antenna. Therefore, the DRA array proposed here is considered to be an effective model as a broadband circularly polarized array.
Etching technique for ruthenium with a high etch rate and high selectivity using ozone gas (2001)

We have studied the characteristics of ruthenium etching reactions and the etch selectivity of Ru to photoresist in ozone gas. The Ru was etched at a maximum etch rate of 950 nm/min at between 100 and 150 °C by the formation of a volatile product, RuO4. However, the etch rate decreased at temperatures above 150 °C, since the formation of RuO2 on the Ru surface hindered the etching reaction. A comparison between the etching reaction of Ru and that of photoresist revealed that Ru was etched predominantly by ozone, whereas the photoresist was etched predominantly by atomic oxygen. This difference in etching behavior enables us to control the etch selectivity between Ru and photoresist. Below 150 °C, the Ru/photoresist selectivity was higher than 40 due to a small amount of atomic oxygen. Conversely, above 300 °C, the selectivity of photoresist/Ru was higher than 40 due to RuO2 formation. Therefore, a high degree of selectivity was achieved by manipulating the temperature.
Nonlinear Optical Response Of Polymer Dispersed Liquid Crystal Materials (1988)

Composite materials consisting of liquid crystal droplets dispersed in a polymer binder may be switched from an opaque scattering state to a clear transparent state by application of a d.c. or low frequency a.c. electric field.1-3 This optoelectronic response is the result of the effect of the external field on the birefringence of the liquid crystal contained in the droplets. The applied electric field serves to align the liquid crystal in an orientation such that the refractive index of the droplet is matched with that of the polymer binder. In this paper we report observations of a nonlinear scattering mechanism in polymer dispersed liquid crystal films due to reorientation of the liquid crystal molecules by the optical field of a CW argon ion laser. Preliminary observations show an 80% reduction in the transmittance of these materials due to laser induced scattering.
Threshold current density in optimized UV diode lasers based on gallium nitride (1996)

Summary form only given. In this work, a theoretical analysis is performed of GaN spontaneous emission and gain spectra and of radiative recombination rate in function of excess carrier density N. Contribution of nonradiative recombination in published photopumping data is estimated. A nonparabolic band model is used with several values of electron and hole effective masses and intraband relaxation times (from 26 to 500 fs) that span the range of reported or expected values of these parameters.
Relationship between symptoms and hypersensitivity to rectal distension in patients with irritable bowel syndrome (2005)

Hypersensitive and normosensitive irritable bowel syndrome patients present with comparable, heterogeneous symptomatology. Therefore, selection based on clinical parameters is unlikely to discriminate individual irritable bowel syndrome patients with visceral hypersensitivity from those with normal visceral sensitivity.
Increased responses in the somatosensory thalamus immediately after spinal cord injury (2015)

Spinal cord injury (SCI) involves large-scale deafferentation of supraspinal structures in the somatosensory system, producing well-known long-term effects at the thalamo-cortical level. We recently showed that SCI provokes immediate changes in cortical spontaneous and evoked responses and here, we have performed a similar study to define the immediate changes produced in the thalamic ventro-postero-lateral nucleus (VPL) that are associated with the forepaw and hindpaw circuits. Extracellular electrophysiological recordings from the VPL reflected the spontaneous activity and the responses to peripheral electrical stimulation applied to the paws. Accordingly, the activity of the neuronal populations recorded at specific thalamic locations that correspond to the forepaw and hindpaw circuits was recorded under control conditions and immediately after thoracic SCI. The results demonstrate that peripheral inputs from both extremities overlap on neuronal populations in the somatosensory thalamus. In addition, they show that the responses of thalamic neurons to forepaw and hindpaw stimuli are increased immediately after SCI, in association with a specific decrease in spontaneous activity in the hindpaw locations. Finally, the increased thalamic responses after SCI have a state-dependent component in relation with cortical activity. Together, our results indicate that the thalamic changes occurring immediately after SCI could contribute to the cortical changes also detected immediately after such spinal lesions.
Stepwise and one-pot syntheses of Ir(iii) complexes with imidazolium-based carbene ligands (2007)

We report the preparation, crystal structure, electrochemistry, and emission properties of Ir(Cinsertion markC:)3, where Cinsertion markC: is an N-heterocyclic carbene ligand. Two synthetic approaches are introduced for generating Ir(III) complexes bearing imidazolium-based carbene ligands whose precursors are [pypiH2][Cl] (1a) (pyridyl[1,2-a]{2-phenylimidazol}-3-ylidene chloride) and [pympiH2][Cl] (1b) (pyridyl[1,2-a-{2-(p-methoxy)phenylimidazol}-3-ylidene chloride). The first method is a stepwise reaction: treatment of [Ir(mu-Cl)(COD)]2, where COD is 1,5-cyclooctadiene, with 4 equiv. of the corresponding carbene (Cinsertion markC:) ligands in the presence of an excess amount of sodium methoxide affords Ir(III) dimers [Ir(mu-Cl)(Cinsertion markC:)2]2 (2a, Cinsertion markC: = pypi(-); 2b, Cinsertion markC: = pympi(-)). These chloro-bridged dimers 2a and 2b react with the corresponding carbene (Cinsertion markC:) ligands to form the desired homoleptic compounds Ir(Cinsertion markC:)3 (3a, Cinsertion markC: = pypi(-); 3b, Cinsertion markC: = pympi(-)). The second method, using a one-pot reaction of [Ir(mu-Cl)(COD)]2 with 6 equiv. of the corresponding carbene (Cinsertion markC:) ligands 1a and 1b in the presence of excess amounts of Ag2O, affords Ir(Cinsertion markC:)3. The two methods are convenient and reproducible procedures for the synthesis of Ir(Cinsertion markC:)3. Complexes 3a and 3b are obtained as mixtures of meridional and facial isomers, which can be separated by recrystallization or flash column chromatography.
Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering:  A Structure-Specific Detection Method for Capillary Electrophoresis (2000)

A new approach to detecting capillary electrophoresis (CE) eluent components by interfacing CE with a surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) system is described. In this approach, CE-based separation of a mixture of trans-1,2-bis(4-pyridyl)ethylene and N,N-dimethyl-4-nitrosoaniline has been detected by SERS in a postcolumn geometry. The retention time obtained from SERS corresponds well with that from conventional UV-visible detection. Meanwhile, CE eluants are identified by their characteristic vibrational spectra, demonstrating the validity of SERS as a structure-specific detection method for CE. In addition, the ability to monitor SERS intensity changes at molecule-specific frequencies makes selective detection of individual analytes possible, even when separation is incomplete. Finally, CE-SERS is evaluated for separation of amino acids (tyrosine and tryptophan) and environmental pollutants (chlorophenol mixtures).
Total synthesis of steroids. X. Synthesis of 3-methoxyestra-1,3,5(10),8,14-pentaen-17-one (1975)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTotal synthesis of steroids. X. Synthesis of 3-methoxyestra-1,3,5(10),8,14-pentaen-17-oneA. R. Daniewski and M. KocorCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1975, 40, 21, 3136–3138Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1975Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1975https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00909a027https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00909a027research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views72Altmetric-Citations4LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts