gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Second Thermal Storage Applications Workshop (1980)

On February 7 and 8, 1980, approximately 20 persons representing the management of both the Solar Thermal Power Systems Program (TPS) of the US Department of Energy (DOE) Division of Central Solar Technology (CST) and the Thermal Energy Storage Program (TES) of the DOE Division of Energy Storage Systems (STOR) met in San Antonio, Texas, for the Second Thermal Storage Applications Workshop. The purpose of the workshop was to review the joint Thermal Energy Storage for Solar Thermal Applications (TESSTA) Program between CST and STOR and to discuss important issues in implementing it. The meeting began with summaries of the seven major elements of the joint program (six receiver-related, storage development elements, and one advanced technology element). Then, a brief description along with supporting data was given of several issues related to the recent joint multiyear program plan (MYPP). Following this session, the participants were divided into three smaller groups representing the program elements that mainly supported large power, small power, and advanced technology activities. During the afternoon of the first day, each group prioritized the program elements through program budgets and discussed the issues defined as well as others of concern. On the morning of the second day, representatives of each group presented the group's results to the other participants. Major conclusions arising from the workshop are presented regarding program and budget. (LEW)
Optomechanically induced spontaneous symmetry breaking (2017)

We explore the dynamics of spontaneous breakdown of mirror symmetry in a pair of identical optomechanical cavities symmetrically coupled to a waveguide. Large optical intensities enable optomechanically induced nonlinear detuning of the optical resonators, resulting in a pitchfork bifurcation. We investigate the stability of this regime and explore the possibility of inducing multistability. By injecting proper trigger pulses, the proposed structure can toggle between two asymmetric stable states, thus serving as a low-noise nanophotonic all-optical switch or memory element.
Mechanical, Rheological and Release Behaviors of a Poloxamer 407/ Poloxamer 188/Carbopol 940 Thermosensitive Composite Hydrogel (2013)

The aims of this study were to prepare a thermosensitive composite hydrogel (TCH) by mixing 24% (w/v) poloxamer 407 (P407), 16% (w/v) poloxamer 188 (P188) and 0.1% (w/v) carbopol 940 (C940), and to determine the effect of natural borneol/ (2-hydroxypropyl)-β-cyclodextrin (NB/HP-β-CD) inclusion complex on the phase transition temperature, mechanical, rheological properties, and release behaviors of the TCH using the tube inversion method, a texture analyzer, a rheometer, and in vitro release , respectively. The results showed that as the concentration of NB/HP-β-CD increased, the phase transition temperature of the TCH was increased from 37.26 to 38.34 °C and the mechanical properties of the TCH showed that the hardness, cohesiveness, strength, and adhesiveness were increased from 0.025 to 0.064 kg, 0.022 to 0.064 kg, 0.110 to 0.307 kg and 0.036 to 0.105 kg, respectively, but the rheological properties of the TCH showed that G', G'' and η were decreased from 7,760 to 157.50 Pa, 1,274 to 36.28 Pa and 1,252 to 25.37 Pas, respectively. The in vitro release showed that an increasing NB/HP-β-CD concentration decreased the release rate of NB from the TCH, but the amount of NB released was more than 96% at 60 min, which showed the TCH had good release behavior.
Separation and Recycling of Used Oil-Based Drilling Fluids (2009)

Abstract A novel approach has been taken to separating, recovering and recycling the oil-continuous phase from used oil-based drilling fluids. The method is based on destabilizing and aggregating the suspended solids and brine droplets through the application of polymers and surfactants in a controlled mixing device. The aggregated material may then be centrifugally separated using traditional solids-control equipment. This allows recovery of the oil-continuous phase, which may then be recycled into another oil-based drilling fluid. Laboratory data and field case studies will be presented that substantiate the efficacy of this solid-liquid separation method. Microscopic analyses of the aggregated solids support a proposed mechanism based on preferential wettability. Background Several aspects of petroleum production rely on solid-liquid-liquid separation of oil-continuous dispersions comprised of discrete aqueous and solid particulate phases. Such mixtures occur as drilling fluids, as produced fluids, at various stages in upgrading feedstock for refineries, and as a variety of waste streams derived from drilling, production and delivery operations. The efficiency and speed of mechanical separation of colloidally dispersed materials is greatly improved by aggregating fine particulates and coalescing liquid droplets as long as their densities are sufficiently different from the continuous phase. Improving solid-liquid-liquid separation in petroleum applications can have great economic and environmental benefits. This paper discusses a chemical and mechanical treatment scheme employing surfactants and inverse polymeric emulsions to concurrently improve particulate flocculation and droplet coalescence, thereby improving solidliquid-liquid separation in a conventional centrifuge. The petroleum industry necessarily produces large quantities of complex mixtures of oil, water and solids either by design, as a consequence of natural resource recovery, or as a byproduct resulting from normal operations. Management of these fluid streams is not only good practice, but it can also make good economic sense, especially if components can be recycled. Drilling fluid management practices involve minimization, recycle/reuse, disposal or some combination of these practices (1). Strategies that minimize or dispose of waste is only one of cost avoidance, whereas strategies that rely on recycle/reuse can produce positive economic as well as environmental benefits. Current practices for disposing oily wastes include:onsite burial (pits, landfills)bioremediationoffsite disposal to commercial facilitiesre-injectionthermal treatment Current practices to recycle/reuse oily byproducts include:recycling fluidsroad spreadingreuse of cuttings for construction purposesuse of oily cuttings as fuel
NMR Spectra of Polymers and Polymer Additives (2000)

"Compiles nearly 400 fully assigned NMR spectra of approximately 300 polymers and polymer additives, representing all major clases of materials: polyolefins, styrenics, acrylates, methacrylates, vinyl polymers, elastomers, polyethers, polyesters, polymides, silicones, cellulosics, polyurethanes, plasticizers, and antioxidants."
Comparison of SARS-CoV-2 entry inhibitors based on ACE2 receptor or engineered Spike-binding peptides (2023)

Abstract With increasing resistance of SARS-CoV-2 variants to antibodies, there is interest in developing entry inhibitors that target essential receptor binding regions of the viral Spike protein and thereby present a high bar for viral resistance. Such inhibitors can be derivatives of the viral receptor, ACE2, or peptides engineered to interact specifically with the receptor-binding pocket. We compared the efficacy of a series of both types of entry inhibitors, constructed as fusions to an antibody Fc domain. Such a design can increase protein stability and act to both neutralize free virus and recruit effector functions to clear infected cells. We tested the reagents against prototype variants of SARS-CoV-2, using both Spike pseudotyped VSV vectors and viral plaque assays. These analyses revealed that an optimized ACE2 derivative could neutralize all variants we tested with high efficacy. In contrast, the Spike-binding peptides had varying activities against different variants, with resistance observed for the Spike proteins from Beta, Gamma and Omicron. The resistance mapped to mutations at Spike residues K417 and N501 and could be overcome for one of the peptides by linking two copies in tandem, effectively creating a tetrameric reagent in the Fc fusion. Finally, both the optimized ACE2 and tetrameric peptide inhibitors provided some protection to human ACE2 transgenic mice challenged with the SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant, which typically causes death in this model within 7-9 days. Importance The increasing resistance of SARS-CoV-2 variants to therapeutic antibodies has highlighted the need for new treatment options, especially in individuals who do not respond to vaccination. Receptor decoys that block viral entry are an attractive approach because of the presumed high bar to developing viral resistance. Here, we compare two entry inhibitors based on derivatives of the ACE2 receptor or engineered peptides that bind to the receptor binding pocket of the SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein. In each case, the inhibitors were fused to immunoglobulin Fc domains, which can further enhance therapeutic properties, and compared for activity against different SARS-CoV-2 variants. Potent inhibition against multiple SARS-CoV-2 variants was demonstrated in vitro , and even relatively low single doses of optimized reagents provided some protection in mouse models, confirming their potential as an alternative to antibody therapies.
Current status of autologous bone marrow cell infusion therapy for liver cirrhosis patients (2008)

This article reviews recent translational research on the development of cell therapy using autologous bone marrow cell for liver cirrhosis patients. A clinical study of autologous bone marrow cell infusion (ABMI) therapy for liver cirrhosis patient was begun on Nov. 14, 2003. We previously reported nine liver cirrhosis (LC) cases that underwent ABMI from the peripheral vein and followed their progress up to 24 weeks. Subjects were LC patients with total bilirubin TB of < 3.0 mg/dL, platelets > 5 (10(10)/L) and no viable hepatocellular carcinoma on diagnostic imaging. Mononuclear cells (MNCs) were separated by cell washing and were infused via the peripheral vein. After ABMI therapy liver function and Child-Pugh Score were significantly improved at 4 weeks and 24 weeks (P < 0.05). A total of 23 cases of ABMI therapy have been performed for LC patients to date. No major adverse effects were noted due to ABMI therapy. In conclusion, ABMI therapy should be considered as a novel treatment for LC patients.
A Cursory Examination of a Parachute Bag Knife, P/N 71172 (2006)

A parachute bag knife was received for a quick-look analysis to determine the reason for edge deformation after normal use. The U.S. Army Research Laboratory performed hardness testing, chemical analysis, and metallography. Hardness testing in conjunction with metallography showed a layer of decarburization around the periphery of the knife (not on the blade edge, however). Chemical analysis verified alloy AISI 4130 was used. Metallography also revealed a less than optimal microstructure for this alloy. It was recommended that future parts be quenched and tempered to produce a tougher knife edge.
Spectroscopic and shadowgraphic investigation of nanosecond underwater discharge (2012)

International audience
A Dempster-Shafer approach to multi-sensor track association (2016)

Logic for the Dempster-Shafer (D-S) evidential reasoning algorithm has been extended for application to multi-sensor data association. For this paper, it is assumed that a global MHT tracker must associate radar tracks with tracks from a second sensor that measures target features, such as carrier frequency in RF or color in the visible. Both sensors may form tracks on the same targets, or there may be cases where the feature sensor forms tracks when the radar sensor does not, and vice versa. There may also be more than one feature track reported from a single source, such that multiple feature tracks may be associated with a single radar track. Additionally, radar tracks may be lost when a target slows down or stops, but it is still desired to maintain the feature-track to radar-track association. This can be considered a version of the classical track-to-track (T2T) problem, but several extensions have been made. First, more accurate association is made by using track history. Typical T2T logic compares only the current state estimates, but the proposed D-S method effectively accumulates probability over time, taking into account the time histories of the tracks. Second, the one-to-one track association restriction of standard T2T logic is expanded upon to allow multiple feature tracks to associate with a single radar track. Next, an extension has been made to allow for association of tracks that have different dimension, so a three dimensional track can associate with an angle only track. Finally, logic has been added to recognize when a target has potentially stopped, in which case the target is no longer detected by radar and the associated track has been deleted, but a pseudo stopped track can still be associated with an existing feature track.
Functionalized Anatomical Models for Computational Life Sciences (2018)

The advent of detailed computational anatomical models has opened new avenues for computational life sciences (CLS). To date, static models representing the anatomical environment have been used in many applications but are insufficient when the dynamics of the body prevents separation of anatomical geometrical variability from physics and physiology. Obvious examples include the assessment of thermal risks in magnetic resonance imaging and planning for radiofrequency and acoustic cancer treatment, where posture and physiology-related changes in shape (e.g., breathing) or tissue behavior (e.g., thermoregulation) affect the impact. Advanced functionalized anatomical models can overcome these limitations and dramatically broaden the applicability of CLS in basic research, the development of novel devices/therapies, and the assessment of their safety and efficacy. Various forms of functionalization are discussed in this paper: (i) shape parametrization (e.g., heartbeat, population variability), (ii) physical property distributions (e.g., image-based inhomogeneity), (iii) physiological dynamics (e.g., tissue and organ behavior), and (iv) integration of simulation/measurement data (e.g., exposure conditions, "validation evidence" supporting model tuning and validation). Although current model functionalization may only represent a small part of the physiology, it already facilitates the next level of realism by (i) driving consistency among anatomy and different functionalization layers and highlighting dependencies, (ii) enabling third-party use of validated functionalization layers as established simulation tools, and (iii) therefore facilitating their application as building blocks in network or multi-scale computational models. Integration in functionalized anatomical models thus leverages and potentiates the value of sub-models and simulation/measurement data toward ever-increasing simulation realism. In our o<sup>2</sup>S<sup>2</sup>PARC platform, we propose to expand the concept of functionalized anatomical models to establish an integration and sharing service for heterogeneous computational models, ranging from the molecular to the organ level. The objective of o<sup>2</sup>S<sup>2</sup>PARC is to integrate all models developed within the National Institutes of Health SPARC initiative in a unified anatomical and computational environment, to study the role of the peripheral nervous system in controlling organ physiology. The functionalization concept, as outlined for the o<sup>2</sup>S<sup>2</sup>PARC platform, could form the basis for many other application areas of CLS. The relationship to other ongoing initiatives, such as the Physiome Project, is also presented.
Di‐n‐Butyl 2‐Chlorophenyl Phosphate: A Potential Therapeutic for Alzheimer's Disease (2012)

Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is characterized by decreased levels of acetylcholine and formation of neurotoxic β‐amyloid plaque. The result is a loss of cognitive function. Both effects correlate with elevated levels of butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE) activity. Reversible cholinesterase inhibitors have been shown to decrease β‐amyloid peptide formation in animal models. We have shown that aryl dialkyl phosphates are potent and highly selective irreversible inhibitors of BuChE. In this study, the toxicity of di‐n‐butyl 2‐chlorophenyl phosphate (DB2ClPP) was determined in cultured human SK‐N‐SH neuroblastoma cells. Cells were exposed to increasing concentrations of DB2ClPP for 24 hrs and then assayed for changes in cell proliferation, membrane integrity, and induction of apoptosis. Concentrations of DB2ClPP as high as 10 μM had no effect on any of these parameters. Incubation of whole blood with DB2ClPP revealed that the compound is present at detectable levels in plasma after 1 hr. These studies suggest that there is a significant potential for this class of compounds as a therapeutic to treat the symptoms of AD.
ROK National Strategy Institute Delegation Visiting China (2014)

At the invitation of the Chinese Association for International Understanding(CAFIU),a 6-member ROK National Strategy Institute(NSI)delegation led by President Choi Jong Chan,former Minister of Construction and Transportation,visited China from July 20-24.In Beijing,Yan Junqi,ViceChairwoman of the Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress and President of CAFIU met with the delegation.CAFIU Council
Guest Editorial Special Section on Wireless Technologies in Factory and Industrial Automation—Part II (2007)

The three papers in this special section focus on wireless technologies in factory and industrial automation. The papers which appear in this second part cover everything from protocol design and evaluation to the design and assessment of system-level solutions for wireless sensor networks in industrial automation.
Influence of lamotrigine on the Na+, K+- ATPase activity and induction of JNK and c-Jun in electroconvulsive shock-treated rats (1999)

The aim of the present study was to investigate the inftuence of the new antiepileptic drug, lamotrigine (LTG), on the Na+, K+- ATPase activity and activation of JNK/c-Jun axis in rat hippocampus after electroconvulsive shock (ECS)-induced conwlsions. Enzime activity and JNK/c-Jun induction in hippocampal tissue were determined after single and multiple (five consecutive days) ECS applications. The same parameters are also determined in rats pretreated with LTG (30 mg/kg) two hours before ECS application. We found that Na+, K+- ATPase activity was significantly inereased after single and after multiple ECS exposures. JNK and c-Jun induction was also observed. In the group of LTG-pretreated rats, LTG prevented changes of Na+, K+- ATPase activity, as well as JNK and c-Jun induction after single ECS treatment. It may be concluded that LTG has a protective effect on the Na+, K+- ATPase activity and early induction of JNK/c-Jun axis.
Incidence of Hip and Subtrochanteric/Femoral Shaft Fractures in Postmenopausal Women With Osteoporosis in the Phase 3 Long-Term Odanacatib Fracture Trial (2020)

We prospectively assessed, with predefined criteria, the location and rates of all femur fractures (hip, subtrochanteric/femoral shaft [ST/FS], including atypical [AFF] and distal fractures) in women at increased fracture risk during treatment with the cathepsin K inhibitor, odanacatib (ODN), or placebo over 5 years in the Long-Term ODN Fracture Trial (LOFT and LOFT Extension [NCT00529373, EudraCT 2007-002693-66]). ODN was an investigational antiresorptive agent previously in development as an osteoporosis treatment that, unlike bisphosphonates, reduces bone formation only transiently. Women aged ≥65 years with a bone mineral density (BMD) T-score ≤-2.5 at the total hip (TH) or femoral neck (FN) or with a radiographic vertebral fracture and T-scores ≤-1.5 at the TH or FN were randomized (1:1) to receive ODN 50 mg/week or placebo. All patients received vitamin D<sub>3</sub> (5600 IU/week) and calcium (total 1200 mg/d); the analysis included 16,071 women. Rates of all adjudicated low-energy femoral fractures were 0.38 versus 0.58/100 patient-years for ODN and placebo, respectively (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.65; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.51-0.82; nominal p < .001), and for low-energy hip fractures were 0.29 versus 0.56/100 patient-years, respectively (HR = 0.52; 95% CI 0.40-0.67; p < .001). The cumulative incidence of combined hip and ST/FS or hip fractures alone in the ODN group was consistently lower than in the placebo group (1.93% versus 3.11% for combined fractures and 1.53% versus 3.03% for hip fractures at 5 years, respectively). However, low-energy ST/FS fractures were more frequent in ODN-treated women than in placebo-treated women (24 versus 6, respectively). Among these, 12 fractures were adjudicated as AFF in 10 patients treated with ODN (0.03/100 patient-years) compared with none in the 6 placebo-treated women (estimated difference 0.03; 95% CI 0.02-0.06). These results provide insight into possible pathogeneses of AFF, suggesting that the current criteria for diagnosing these fractures may need to be reconsidered. © 2021 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR)..
Concerted vs Stepwise Mechanisms in Dehydro-Diels–Alder Reactions (2011)

The Diels-Alder reaction is not limited to 1,3-dienes. Many cycloadditions of enynes and a smaller number of examples with 1,3-diynes have been reported. These "dehydro"-Diels-Alder cycloadditions are one class of dehydropericyclic reactions which have long been used to generate strained cyclic allenes and other novel structures. CCSD(T)//M05-2X computational results are reported for the cycloadditions of vinylacetylene and butadiyne with ethylene and acetylene. Both concerted and stepwise diradical routes have been explored for each reaction, with location of relevant stationary points. Relative to 1,3-dienes, replacement of one double bond by a triple bond adds 6-6.5 kcal/mol to the activation barrier; a second triple bond adds 4.3-4.5 kcal/mol to the barrier. Product strain decreases the predicted exothermicity. In every case, a concerted reaction is favored energetically. The difference between concerted and stepwise reactions is 5.2-6.6 kcal/mol for enynes but diminishes to 0.5-2 kcal/mol for diynes. Experimental studies on intramolecular diyne + ene cycloadditions show two distinct reaction pathways, providing evidence for competing concerted and stepwise mechanisms. Diyne + yne cycloadditions connect with arynes and ethynyl-1,3-cyclobutadiene. This potential energy surface appears to be flat, with only a minute advantage for a concerted process; many diyne cycloadditions or aryne cycloreversions will proceed by a stepwise mechanism.
Three types of genes underlying the Gametophyte factor1 locus cause unilateral cross incompatibility in maize (2022)

Unilateral cross incompatibility (UCI) occurs between popcorn and dent corn, and represents a critical step towards speciation. It has been reported that ZmGa1P, encoding a pectin methylesterase (PME), is a male determinant of the Ga1 locus. However, the female determinant and the genetic relationship between male and female determinants at this locus are unclear. Here, we report three different types, a total of seven linked genes underlying the Ga1 locus, which control UCI phenotype by independently affecting pollen tube growth in both antagonistic and synergistic manners. These include five pollen-expressed PME genes (ZmGa1Ps-m), a silk-expressed PME gene (ZmPME3), and another silk-expressed gene (ZmPRP3), encoding a pathogenesis-related (PR) proteins. ZmGa1Ps-m confer pollen compatibility. Presence of ZmPME3 causes silk to reject incompatible pollen. ZmPRP3 promotes incompatibility pollen tube growth and thereby breaks the blocking effect of ZmPME3. In addition, evolutionary genomics analyses suggest that the divergence of the Ga1 locus existed before maize domestication and continued during breeding improvement. The knowledge gained here deepen our understanding of the complex regulation of cross incompatibility.