gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Feasible evaluations of space vector modulated three-phase soft-switching PFC rectifier with instantaneous power feedback scheme (2004)

This paper presents a performance analysis of active auxiliary resonant commutation bridge-leg snubber-assisted three-phase voltage-fed soft-switching PFC rectifier using IGBTs which can operate under a condition of zero voltage switching (ZVS) using a digital control scheme based instantaneous power feedback. This power converter is suitable for high power applications as compared with the other types of snubber assisted soft switching power conversion system. The operating performances of this three-phase PFC rectifier are illustrated and evaluated on the basis of simulational and experimental results.
Design and performance simulation studies of a breast PET insert integrable into a clinical whole-body PET/MRI scanner (2023)

<i>Objective</i>. Three different breast positron emission tomography (PET) insert geometries are proposed for integration into an existing magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) breast coil (Breast Biopsy Coil, NORAS MRI products) to be used inside a whole-body PET/MRI scanner (Biograph mMR, Siemens Healthineers) to enhance the sensitivity and spatial resolution of imaging inside the breast.<i>Approach</i>. Monte Carlo simulations were performed to predict and compare the performance characteristics of the three geometries in terms of the sensitivity, spatial resolution, scatter fraction, and noise equivalent count rate (NECR). In addition, the background single count rate due to organ uptake in a clinical scan scenario was predicted using a realistic anthropomorphic phantom.<i>Main results</i>. In the center of the field of view (cFOV), absolute sensitivities of 3.1%, 2.7%, and 2.2% were found for Geometry A (detectors arranged in two cylinders), Geometry B (detectors arranged in two partial cylinders), and Geometry C (detectors arranged in two half cylinders combined with two plates), respectively. The full width at half maximum spatial resolution was determined to be 1.7 mm (Geometry A), 1.8 mm (Geometry B) and 2.0 mm (Geometry C) at 5 mm from the cFOV. Designs with multiple scintillation-crystal layers capable of determining the depth of interaction (DOI) strongly improved the spatial resolution at larger distances from the transaxial cFOV. The system scatter fractions were 33.1% (Geometries A and B) and 32.3% (Geometry C). The peak NECRs occurred at source activities of 300 MBq (Geometry A), 310 MBq (Geometry B) and 340 MBq (Geometry C). The background single-event count rates were 17.1 × 10<sup>6</sup>cps (Geometry A), 15.3 × 10<sup>6</sup>cps (Geometry B) and 14.8 × 10<sup>6</sup>cps (Geometry C). Geometry A in the three-layer DOI variant exhibited the best PET performance characteristics but could be challenging to manufacture. Geometry C had the lowest impact on the spatial resolution and the lowest sensitivity among the investigated geometries.<i>Significance</i>. Geometry B in the two-layer DOI variant represented an effective compromise between the PET performance and manufacturing difficulty and was found to be a promising candidate for the future breast PET insert.
Silica Precipitation in Acidic Solutions: Mechanism, pH Effect, and Salt Effect (2010)

This study is the first to show that silica precipitation under very acidic conditions ([HCl] = 2-8 M) proceeds through two distinct steps. First, the monomeric form of silica is quickly depleted from solution as it polymerizes to form primary particles approximately 5 nm in diameter. Second, the primary particles formed then flocculate. A modified Smoluchowski equation that incorporates a geometric population balance accurately describes the exponential growth of silica flocs. Variation of the HCl concentration between 2 and 8 M further showed that polymerization to form primary particles and subsequent particle flocculation become exponentially faster with increasing acid concentration. The effect of salt was also studied by adding 1 M chloride salts to the solutions; it was found that salts accelerated both particle formation and growth rates in the order: AlCl(3) > CaCl(2) > MgCl(2) > NaCl > CsCl > no salt. It was also found that ionic strength, over cation identity, determines silica polymerization and particle flocculation rates. This research reveals that precipitation of silica products from acid dissolution of minerals can be studied apart from the mineral dissolution process. Thus, silica product precipitation from mineral acidization follows a two-step process--formation of 5 nm primary particles followed by particle flocculation--which becomes exponentially faster with increasing HCl concentration and with salts accelerating the process in the above order. This result has implications for any study of acid dissolution of aluminosilicate or silicate material. In particular, the findings are applicable to the process of acidizing oil-containing rock formations, a common practice of the petroleum industry where silica dissolution products encounter a low-pH, salty environment within the oil well.
Chemotaxis in Bacillus subtilis requires either of two functionally redundant CheW homologs (1994)

We have characterized mutants in a novel gene of Bacillus subtilis, cheV, which encodes a protein homologous to both CheW and CheY. A null mutant in cheV is only slightly defective in capillary and tethered cell assays. However, a double mutant lacking both CheV and CheW has a strong tumble bias, does not respond to addition of attractant, and shows essentially no accumulation in capillary assays. Thus, CheV and CheW appear in part to be functionally redundant. A strain lacking CheW and expressing only the CheW domain of CheV is chemotactic, suggesting that the truncated CheV protein retains in vivo function. We speculate that CheV and CheW function together to couple CheA activation to methyl-accepting chemotaxis protein receptor status and that possible CheA-dependent phosphorylation of CheV contributes to adaptation.
Selective disordering of InAs/InGaAs dots-in-a-well structure patterned with sol-gel derived SiO2 strips imprinted by soft mold technique (2008)

Selective impurity free vacancy disordering of InAs/InGaAs quantum dot (QD) structures imprinted with sol-gel derived SiO2 strips via a polyethylene terepthalate soft mold has been investigated. Wavelength blueshift of up to 220 nm for areas capped with the sol-gel derived SiO2 is demonstrated. The imprinted SiO2 strips were used as hard mask for plasma etching of GaAs ridge waveguide structures and were found to have similar hardness as the SiO2 prepared by plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition. QD intermixing using sol-gel derived SiO2 with step-thickness profile was demonstrated, and a one-step SiO2 imprinting technique for multiple band gap QD intermixing is proposed.
Tumor necrosis factor-alpha increases myocardial microvascular transport in vivo (1994)

Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) is a primary mediator in the pathogenesis of tissue injury, and high circulating levels of TNF-alpha are found in a variety of pathological conditions. In open-chest anesthetized dogs, the effects of intracoronary recombinant human TNF-alpha (rTNF-alpha; 100 ng/kg for 60 min) on myocardial microvascular transport of a small hydrophilic indicator was examined by the single-injection, residue-detection method. Intracoronary infusion of rTNF-alpha increased myocardial microvascular transport after 120 min. This increase was preceded by a sustained decline in cardiac output and was associated with the appearance of areas with myocardial necrosis in the regional left ventricular wall. The myocardial plasma flow rate and maximum plasma flow rate in response to a 30-s coronary occlusion were not influenced by rTNF-alpha, although a decrease in the myocardial plasma flow rate was observed after 180 min. Circulating neutrophil counts were increased by rTNF-alpha, but the increase in myocardial capillary permeability could not be ascribed to regional neutrophil infiltration. We conclude that picomolar levels of rTNF-alpha can influence the movement of small hydrophilic molecules across the myocardial microvascular barrier in vivo and induce a prolonged decrease in cardiac performance. These effects may be important elements in myocardial pathophysiology.
Integration of optical clearing and optical sectioning microscopy for three-dimensional imaging of natural biomaterial scaffolds in thin sections (2009)

The intrinsic turbidity of scaffolds formed by natural biomaterials such as collagen fibers prevents high-resolution light microscopy in depth. In this research, we have developed a new method of using light microscopy for penetrative three-dimensional (3-D) visualization of scaffolds formed by collagen, chitosan, or cellulose. First, we applied an optical-clearing solution, FocusClear, to permeate and reduce the turbidity of the scaffolds. The improved photon penetration allowed fluorophores for efficient excitation and emission in the FocusClear solution. Confocal microscopy was applied to achieve cellular-level resolution up to 350 microm for both the fibroblast/collagen and the osteoblast/chitosan constructs and micrometer-level resolution up to 40 microm for the cellulose membrane. The depth of imaging of the cellulose membrane was further improved to 80 microm using two-photon microscopy. Significantly, these voxel-based confocal/two-photon micrographs allowed postrecording image processing via Amira projection algorithms for 3-D visualization and analysis of the scanned region. Although this optical method remains limited in viewing block scaffolds in thin sections, our approach provides a noninvasive way to microscopically examine the scaffold structure, which would be a valuable tool to studying biomaterials and their interactions with the molecule/cell of interest within the scaffold in an integrated fashion.
RNA- and DNA-binding proteins generally exhibit direct transfer of polynucleotides: Implications for target site search (2022)

Abstract We previously demonstrated that the PRC2 chromatin-modifying enzyme exhibits the ability to directly transfer between RNA and DNA without a free-enzyme intermediate state. Simulations suggested that such a direct transfer mechanism may be generally necessary for RNA to recruit proteins to chromatin, but the prevalence of direct transfer capability is unknown. Herein, we used fluorescence polarization assays and observed direct transfer for several well-characterized nucleic acid-binding proteins: three-prime repair exonuclease 1 (TREX1), heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein U, Fem-3-binding factor 2, and MS2 bacteriophage coat protein. For TREX1, the direct transfer mechanism was additionally interrogated by single molecule assays, and the data suggest that direct transfer occurs through an unstable ternary intermediate with partially associated ligands. Generally, direct transfer could allow many DNA- and RNA-binding proteins to conduct a one-dimensional search for their target sites. Furthermore, presumably long-lived protein-polynucleotide complexes might instead be readily replaced by other protein-polynucleotide complexes in vivo . Significance Classically, the lifetime of a protein-ligand complex is presumed to be an intrinsic property, unaffected by competitor molecules in free solution. By contrast, a few oligomeric nucleic acid binding proteins have been observed to exchange competing ligands in their binding sites, and consequently their lifetimes decrease with competitor concentration. Our findings indicate that this “direct transfer” is a more general property of nucleic acid binding proteins. This suggests that many DNA- and RNA-binding proteins can reduce the dimensionality of their search for their target sites by intramolecular direct transfer to nucleosome DNA, instead of relying entirely on three-dimensional diffusion, and it suggests that their mean complex lifetimes in vivo can be regulated by the concentration of free ligand molecules.
Kolloidale Quantennanostrukturen: neue Materialien für Displayanwendungen (2017)

Abstract Kolloidale Halbleiternanokristalle (“semiconductor nanocrystals”, SCNC), oder weiter gefasst kolloidale Quantennanostrukturen, stellen außergewöhnliche Modellsysteme zur Untersuchung von Größen‐ und Dimensionalitätseffekten dar. Aufgrund ihrer nanoskaligen Abmessungen kommt es zu Quantelungseffekten, die eine Abstimmung optischer und elektronischer Eigenschaften ermöglichen. Die Steuerung der Emissionsfarbe bei engen Photolumineszenzspektren, breite Absorptionsspektren sowie eine außergewöhnliche Photostabilität und eine gute chemische Verarbeitbarkeit durch Steuerung der Oberflächenchemie machen SCNS zu herausragenden Materialien für Displays der aktuellen und der nächsten Generation. In diesem Aufsatz beschreiben wir die chemischen und physikalischen Eigenschaften der SCNC und stellen die Vorteile verschiedener kolloidaler Quantennanostrukturen für Displayanwendungen vor, und wir betrachten mögliche Photolumineszenz‐ und Elektrolumineszenzdisplays unter Verwendung von SCNC.
Simple generational garbage collection and fast allocation (1989)

Abstract Generational garbage collection algorithms achieve efficiency because newer records point to older records; the only way an older record can point to a newer record is by a store operation to a previously created record, and such operations are rare in many languages. A garbage collector that concentrates just on recently allocated records can take advantage of this fact. Such a garbage collector can be so efficient that the allocation of records costs more than their disposal. A scheme for quick record allocation attacks this bottleneck. Many garbage‐collected environments do not know when to ask the operating system for more memory. A robust heuristic solves this problem. This paper presents a simple, efficient, low‐overhead version of generational garbage collection with fast allocation, suitable for implementation in a Unix environment.
The effect of earcons on reaction times and error-rates in a dual-task vs. a single-task experiment (2000)

An experiment with two picture categorization tasks with auditory distracters containing redundant information was carried out to investigate the effects distracters, in this case earcons, have on categorization. In the first task participants had to carry out an extra mental addition task. The secondary task consisted of just the categorization. The dual-task situation was expected to lead to longer reaction times and more errors than the single-task situation, possibly providing new insights when analyzed. The results confirmed previous experimental results and indicated that significantly fewer errors were made in conditions in which the earcons contained relevant redundant information, compared to conditions with no relevant redundant information. Keywords Earcons, auditory distracter, multimodal interfaces, categorization, dual-task performance
The Coordination Chemistry of Yttrium and the Rare Earth Metal Ions (1965)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Coordination Chemistry of Yttrium and the Rare Earth Metal IonsTherald Moeller, Dean F. Martin, Larry C. Thompson, Ricardo Ferrús, Gerald R. Feistel, and William J. RandallCite this: Chem. Rev. 1965, 65, 1, 1–50Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1965Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1965https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cr60233a001https://doi.org/10.1021/cr60233a001research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2860Altmetric-Citations384LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Risk-O-Meter (2013)

We present a system called Risk-O-Meter to predict and an- alyze clinical risk via data imputation, visualization, predic- tive modeling, and association rule exploration. Clinical risk calculators provide information about a person's chance of having a disease or encountering a clinical event. Such tools could be highly useful to educate patients to understand and monitor their health conditions. Unlike existing risk calcu- lators that are primarily designed for domain experts, Risk- O-Meter is useful to patients who are unfamiliar with medi- cal terminologies, or providers who have limited information about a patient. Risk-O-Meter is designed in a way such that it is flexible enough to accept limited or incomplete data in- puts, and still manages to predict the clinical risk efficiently and effectively. Current version of Risk-O-Meter evaluates 30-day risk of hospital readmission. However, the proposed system framework is applicable to general clinical risk pre- dictions. In this demonstration paper, we describe different components of Risk-O-Meter and the intelligent algorithms associated with each of these components to evaluate risk of readmission using incomplete patient data inputs.
Towards understanding, control and application of layered double hydroxide chemistry (2006)

Layered double hydroxides (LDHs) have a vast number of potential applications in fields as diverse as separation chemistry, polymer additives and catalysis. They are facile and cheap to prepare, and are environmentally friendly. In this paper, some of the most exciting recent developments in LDH chemistry are discussed, with an emphasis on how we can control their chemistry and how in situ techniques can provide enhanced understanding of the nanoscopic processes involved in intercalation reactions.
Formal specification of security guidelines for program certification (2017)

Secure software can be obtained out of two distinct processes: security by design, and security by certification. The former approach has been quite extensively formalized as it builds upon models, which are verified to ensure security properties are attained and from which software is then derived manually or automatically. In contrast, the latter approach has always been quite informal in both specifying security best practices and verifying that the code produced conforms to them. In this paper, we focus on the latter approach and describe how security guidelines might be captured by security experts and verified formally by developers. Our technique relies on abstracting actions in a program based on modularity, and on combining model checking together with information flow analysis. Our goal is to formalize the existing body of knowledge in security best practices using formulas in the MCL language and to conduct formal verifications of the conformance of programs with such security guidelines. We also discuss our first results in creating a methodology for the formalization of security guidelines.
Zeolite morphology and catalyst performance: conversion of methanol to hydrocarbons over offretite (2017)

The synthesis, characterization and catalytic performance of offretite with four distinct crystal morphologies (oval, hexagonal, broccoli-like, and spherical) are presented.
A Hybrid Algorithm for Energy Management in Smart Grid (2015)

Efficient energy management requires smart approaches in demand side as well as demand response management assisted by smart, innovative, and computationally feasible schemes. Artificial intelligence algorithms are increasingly becoming helpful in generating multiple scenarios for a range of real world problems on the pattern of human Intelligence. This paper draws on employing algorithms such as Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) and Genetic Algorithms (GA) to generate a hybrid algorithm inspired by the characteristics of these two. Finally simulations have been drawn graphically to compare the energy consumption patterns for appliance scheduling schemes as well as corresponding cost analysis for energy optimization.
A Wash-Free Homogeneous Colorimetric Immunoassay Method (2015)

Rapid and convenient biosensing platforms could be beneficial to timely diagnosis and treatment of diseases in virtually any care settings. Sandwich immunoassays, the most commonly used methods for protein detection, often rely on expensive tags such as enzyme and tedious wash and incubation procedures operated by skilled labor. In this report, we revolutionized traditional sandwich immunoassays by providing a wash-free homogeneous colorimetric immunoassay method without requirement of any separation steps. The proposed strategy was realized by controlling the growth of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) to mediate the interparticle spacing in the protein-AuNP oligomers. We have demonstrated the successful in vitro detection of cancer biomarker in serum samples from patients with high clinical sensitivity and specificity.
Migration of SES to FPGA Based Architectual Concepts. (2009)

Creating diverse redundancy for fail safe or fail operational systems in software reduces costs for additional hardware and increases flexibility. A lack of performance occurs by implementing a diverse software channel for e.g. floating-point operations in a traditionally microcontroller architecture. This paper gives an approach for transferring the Safely Embedded Software (SES) into a coprocessor and to migrate SES to a flexible and powerful FPGA architecture.
Improved resonator design for rod lasers and slab lasers (1990)

The properties of several resonator schemes, which provide high output power and good beam quality simultaneously were investigated both theoretically and experimentally. Experiments were performed with high power Nd:YAG rod systems and Nd:YAG slab systems. Best performance was achieved with unstable resonator schemes. Output power up to 230 Watts was obtained with 6 x 3/8 inch rod and unstable resonators with different reflectivity profiles of the output coupler. Destruction of the high-reflecting spot can be prevented by appropriate resonator design: the thermal lens must be exactly corrected for and a slight misalignment of the rod is necessary. The unstable resonator provides good focusability over the whole range of output power. Compared with optimized stable resonators, the output power was 25 % lower. Considerable improvement of beam quality of slab lasers was achieved by using folded stable resonators, plane- unstable resonators, on-axis unstable resonators and off-axis-unstable resonators. Common stable resonators operating near the limit of stability are too sensitive against the negative refractive power that occurs in the y-direction. Beam parameter products of 1 mm mrad and lower were measured with off-axis unstable resonators.