gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Consensus Recommendations for Combined Aesthetic Interventions in the Face Using Botulinum Toxin, Fillers, and Energy-Based Devices (2016)

Expert consensus supports a combination approach using multiple modalities in specific sequence for the safe and effective treatment of the aging face.
Modulation of LPS-, PHA- and M. tuberculosis-mediated cytokine production by pentoxifylline and thalidomide. (2000)

Pentoxifylline and thalidomide have been used to downregulate the production of TNF-alpha in several disease entities including mycobacterial infections and autoimmune disorders. These drugs inhibit the production of TNF-alpha by different mechanisms, but little is known about possible synergism and modulation of other cytokines. Pentoxifylline and thalidomide inhibited the in vitro stimulated production of TNF-alpha, IL-1 beta and IFN-gamma in blood mononuclear cells. No significant modulation of antiinflammatory cytokines was found. When used together, these agents demonstrated additive inhibition, but no synergism. Modulation of cytokine response was similar when different stimuli were used, including M. tuberculosis in tuberculin-positive individuals. Therefore, the balance between efficacy and toxicity may be more favourable when pentoxifylline and thalidomide are used together instead of either drug alone. Clinical studies are needed to establish this advantage when anti-cytokine strategies are considered.
Validity and feasibility of a temperature sensor for measuring use and non-use of orthopaedic footwear (2018)

The temperature sensor is a valid instrument to measure footwear use and non-use when using the Groningen algorithm.
Differential expression of two sodium channel subtypes in human brain (1992)

Two partial human brain sodium channel cDNA sequences (designated HBSC I and II) have been cloned and mapped to chromosome 2q23-2q24 by chromosome microdissection-PCR (CMPCR). The distribution of HBSC I and II mRNA in human brain was studied by means of a novel approach based on the ligase detection reaction. These studies demonstrate that HBSC I and II mRNA is heterogeneously distributed in brain, and that the relative ratio of the two forms can vary as much as 7-fold between different regions.
Anti-Stokes Raman conversion in silicon waveguides (2003)

The first observation of parametric down-conversion in silicon is reported. Conversion from 1542.3nm to 1328.8nm is achieved using a CW pump laser at 1427 nm. The conversion occurs via Coherent Anti-Stokes Raman Scattering (CARS) in which two pump photons and one Stokes photon couple through a zone-center optical phonon to an anti-Stokes photon. The maximum measured Stokes/anti-Stokes power conversion efficiency is 1x10-5. The value depends on the effective pump power, the Stimulated Raman Scattering (SRS) coefficient of bulk silicon, and waveguide dispersion. It is shown that the power conversion efficiency is a strong function of phase mismatch inside the waveguide.
Quantitative Urinalysis (1976)

Using a hemocytometer, we determined the number of white blood cells (WBCs) per milliliter in uncentrifuged urine specimens. Uninfected urine usually contained ≤ 10<sup>3</sup>WBCs per milliliter, although up to 8×10<sup>3</sup>WBCs per milliliter were observed. Infected urine regularly contained &gt;10<sup>4</sup>WBCs per milliliter, and the mean WBC count per millimeter for urine from infected patients was 3.1×10<sup>5</sup>. The absence of pyuria thus provides strong evidence against the presence of urinary tract infection. Similar results were obtained in patients who had indwelling catheters, suggesting that bacteriuria reflects the presence of infection rather than colonization. Valid data are easily obtainable by quantitative urinalysis of uncentrifuged urine specimens. There are obvious differences in WBCs per milliliter, with little overlap between infected and uninfected urine. This method of analysis should replace traditional means of counting WBCs per visual field in a centrifuged, resuspended urine sediment. (<i>JAMA</i>236:2069-2072, 1976)
Emulating AQM from end hosts (2007)

In this paper, we show that end-host based congestion prediction is more accurate than previously characterized. However, it may not be possible to entirely eliminate the uncertainties in congestion prediction. To address these uncertainties, we propose Probabilistic Early Response TCP (PERT). PERT emulates the behavior of AQM/ECN, in the congestion response function of end-hosts. We present fluid-flow analysis of PERT/RED and PERT/PI, versions of PERT that emulate router-based RED and PI controllers. Our analysis shows that PERT/RED has better stability behavior than router-based RED. We also present results from ns-2 simulations to show the practical feasibility of PERT. The scheme presented here is general and can be used for emulating other AQM algorithms.
O-GlcNAcylation Regulates Primary Ciliary Length by Promoting Microtubule Disassembly (2019)

The sensory organelle cilium is involved in sensing and transducing important signaling cascades in almost all cells of our body. These ciliary-mediated pathways affect cellular homeostasis and metabolisms profoundly. However, it is almost completely unknown whether the cellular metabolic state affects the assembly of cilia. This study is to investigate how O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc), a sensor of cellular nutrients, regulates the cilia length. Pharmacologic or genetic inhibition of O-GlcNAcylation led to longer cilia, and vice versa. Further biochemical assays revealed that both α-tubulin and HDAC6 (histone deacetylase 6) were O-GlcNAcylated in vivo. In vitro enzymatic assays showed that O-GlcNAcylation of either tubulin or HDAC6 promoted microtubule disassembly, which likely in turn caused ciliary shortening. Taken together, these results uncovered a negative regulatory role of O-GlcNAc in modulating the ciliary microtubule assembly. The cross talk between O-GlcNAc and cilium is likely critical for fine-tuning the cellular response to nutrients.
Generating Patent Claims from Interactive Input (1996)

Patent claims are the subject of legal protection.They must be formulated according to a set of precise syntactic, lexical and stylistic guidelines.Composing patent claims is a complex task, even for experts.In this paper we report about an tmplemented system for supporting authoring claims for patents describing apparatuses.The system generates claim texts from the input specified partly by the stored conceptual text schemata and partly by the input from the user.The result of the interactive content acquisition stage is a shaUow-level representation which can be considered a draft to be automatically revised into the final text of the claim.
Analysis of the sacral plexus anatomy using diffusion tensor MRI based neurotractography, according to spinal dysraphism, sacral anomaly and type of anorectal malformation (2018)

International audience
Directed induction of alveolar type I cells derived from pluripotent stem cells via Wnt signaling inhibition (2020)

Alveologenesis is a developmental step involving the expansion of the lung surface area which is essential for gas exchange. The gas exchange process is mediated by alveolar type I (AT1) cells, which are known to be differentiated from alveolar type II (AT2) or bipotent cells. Due to the difficulty of isolating and culturing primary AT1 cells, the mechanism underlying their differentiation is not completely understood. We performed single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) of fibroblast-dependent alveolar organoids (FD-AOs), including human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-derived epithelial cells and fetal lung fibroblasts, and identified hiPSC-derived AT1 (iAT1) cells. A comparison of the FD-AOs and fibroblast-free alveolar organoids showed that iAT1 cells were mainly present in the FD-AOs. Importantly, the transcriptomes of iAT1 cells were remarkably similar to those of primary AT1 cells. Additionally, XAV-939, a tankyrase inhibitor, increased iAT1 cells in passaged FD-AOs, suggesting that these cells were differentiated from hiPSC-derived AT2 (iAT2) cells through the inhibition of canonical Wnt signaling. Consequently, our scRNA-seq data allowed us to define iAT1 cells and identify FD-AOs as a useful model for investigating the mechanism underlying human AT1 cell differentiation from AT2 cells in vitro.
Solid Catalysts with Ionic Liquid Layer (SCILL) (2014)

Ionic liquids (ILs) are low melting salts and represent a promising solvent class, for example, for homogeneous two-phase catalysis and extractions. Theirextremely low vapor pressure makes them attractive as alternative reaction media for homogeneous (two-phase) and heterogeneous catalysis. This chapter focuses on the concept of a solid catalyst with ionic liquid layer (SCILL) as a novel method to improve the selectivity of heterogeneous catalysts. It suggests directions for the application of ILs in the field of heterogeneous catalysis. An SCILL is prepared by coating a solid catalyst with an IL up to a desired filling degree of the initial pore volume. The chapter provides parameters that characterize the physical structure of a SCILL catalyst.
Guide to malware incident prevention and handling (2005)

The Information Technology Laboratory (ITL) at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) promotes the U.S. economy and public welfare by providing technical leadership for the nation's measurement and standards infrastructure. ITL develops tests, test methods, reference data, proof of concept implementations, and technical analysis to advance the development and productive use of information technology. ITL's responsibilities include the development of technical, physical, administrative, and management standards and guidelines for the cost-effective security and privacy of sensitive unclassified information in Federal computer systems. This Special Publication 800-series reports on ITL's research, guidance, and outreach efforts in computer security and its collaborative activities with industry, government, and academic organizations.
Frontispiz: Asymmetric Total Synthesis of Shagenes A and B (2021)

Naturstoffsynthese In der Zuschrift auf S. 23290 präsentieren Chihiro Tsukano, Yoshiji Takemoto et al. die asymmetrische Totalsynthese von Shagen A und B.
Design and Manufacturing Method of Fundamental Beam Mode Shaper for Adapted Laser Beam Profile in Laser Material Processing (2019)

Many laser material processing applications require an optimized beam profile, e.g., ring shape or Top-Hat profiles with homogeneous intensity distribution. In this study, we show a beam shaping concept leading to a phase shifting element with binary height profile as well as a very low periodicity with near diffraction limited spot size. Further advantages of so-called Fundamental Beam Mode Shaping (FBS) elements are the simplified handling, and a high efficiency and homogeneity. The calculated height profile of FBS elements are transferred in fused silica substrates using a combination of microlithography technologies, reactive ion etching (RIE) and ion beam etching (IBE). The experiments demonstrated a linear relation between the etching depth after RIE and IBE. The optical evaluation of the manufactured FBS beam mode shaper confirmed the presented concept design.
Analysis and evaluation of graded-index fiber lenses (1987)

Graded-index multimode fibers are investigated for use as fiber-lenses. The performance of the fiber-lenses is based on the coupling efficiency between two single-mode fibers with fiber-lenses fused to their end faces. Coupling losses ranged from 0.1 to 1.6 dB for the various fiber-lenses. Expanded beam waists up to 39.5 μm were measured and a fiber separation of > 3.0 mm was possible while retaining the excess loss within the above range. Low loss coupling was observed with multiple-pitch ( > 3.0 mm long) VAD lenses. A theoretical analysis considers a ray matrix transformation of the complex beam parameter and predicts the coupling efficiency as a function of the relative transverse and axial displacements of the two fibers. A comparison to the corresponding measurements is made.
In Vitro Modeling of Tumor–Immune System Interaction (2017)

Immunotherapy has emerged during the past two decades as an innovative and successful form of cancer treatment. However, frequently, mechanisms of actions are still unclear, predictive markers are insufficiently characterized, and preclinical assays for innovative treatments are poorly reliable. In this context, the analysis of tumor/immune system interaction plays key roles, but may be unreliably mirrored by in vivo experimental models and standard bidimensional culture systems. Tridimensional cultures of tumor cells have been developed to bridge the gap between in vitro and in vivo systems. Interestingly, defined aspects of the interaction of cells from adaptive and innate immune systems and tumor cells may also be mirrored by 3D cultures. Here we review in vitro models of cancer/immune cell interaction and we propose that updated technologies might help develop innovative treatments, identify biologicals of potential clinical relevance, and select patients eligible for immunotherapy treatments.
Multiscale motion planning (2002)

Multiscale planning is introduced as a nested system of state space search processes which provide for exceptionally efficient computational algorithms. It is demonstrated that search in the output space allows for efficient planning/control procedures. The results of 2-level nested hierarchical planning are given as a representative simulation example. It is demonstrated that multiscale searching achieves results similar to those obtained by human strategies of planning.
Radiosynthesis of 1-(2-[<sup>18</sup>F]Fluoroethyl)-L-Tryptophan using a One-pot, Two-step Protocol (2021)

The kynurenine pathway (KP) is a primary route for tryptophan metabolism. Evidence strongly suggests that metabolites of the KP play a vital role in tumor proliferation, epilepsy, neurodegenerative diseases, and psychiatric illnesses due to their immune-modulatory, neuro-modulatory, and neurotoxic effects. The most extensively used positron emission tomography (PET) agent for mapping tryptophan metabolism, α-[11C]methyl-L-tryptophan ([11C]AMT), has a short half-life of 20 min with laborious radiosynthesis procedures. An onsite cyclotron is required to radiosynthesize [11C]AMT. Only a limited number of centers produce [11C]AMT for preclinical studies and clinical investigations. Hence, the development of an alternative imaging agent that has a longer half-life, favorable in vivo kinetics, and is easy to automate is urgently needed. The utility and value of 1-(2-[18F]fluoroethyl)-L-tryptophan, a fluorine-18-labeled tryptophan analog, has been reported in preclinical applications in cell line-derived xenografts, patient-derived xenografts, and transgenic tumor models. This paper presents a protocol for the radiosynthesis of 1-(2-[18F]fluoroethyl)-L-tryptophan using a one-pot, two-step strategy. Using this protocol, the radiotracer can be produced in a 20 ± 5% (decay corrected at the end of synthesis, n > 20) radiochemical yield, with both radiochemical purity and enantiomeric excess of over 95%. The protocol features a small precursor amount with no more than 0.5 mL of reaction solvent in each step, low loading of potentially toxic 4,7,13,16,21,24-hexaoxa-1,10-diazabicyclo[8.8.8]hexacosane (K222), and an environmentally benign and injectable mobile phase for purification. The protocol can be easily configured to produce 1-(2-[18F]fluoroethyl)-L-tryptophan for clinical investigation in a commercially available module.
The Role of the Parietal Lobe in Visual Extinction Studied with Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (2008)

Interhemispheric competition between homologous areas in the human brain is believed to be involved in a wide variety of human behaviors from motor activity to visual perception and particularly attention. For example, patients with lesions in the posterior parietal cortex are unable to selectively track objects in the contralesional side of visual space when targets are simultaneously present in the ipsilesional visual field, a form of visual extinction. Visual extinction may arise due to an imbalance in the normal interhemispheric competition. To directly assess the issue of reciprocal inhibition, we used fMRI to localize those brain regions active during attention-based visual tracking and then applied low-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation over identified areas in the left and right intraparietal sulcus to asses the behavioral effects on visual tracking. We induced a severe impairment in visual tracking that was selective for conditions of simultaneous tracking in both visual fields. Our data show that the parietal lobe is essential for visual tracking and that the two hemispheres compete for attentional resources during tracking. Our results provide a neuronal basis for visual extinction in patients with parietal lobe damage.
Tuning the size and color of the p-type wide band gap delafossite semiconductor CuGaO2 with ethylene glycol assisted hydrothermal synthesis (2008)

Delafossite CuGaO2 is a prototype p-type transparent semiconducting oxide. We report here a new ethylene glycol (EG) mediated hydrothermal synthesis route to this material from soluble hydrated metal nitrates. We found that EG acts as a reducing agent which eases the formation of CuGaO2 by stabilizing Cu(I) at low temperature in hydrothermal conditions. Moreover, we observed that the initial pH of the precursors solution is a key parameter to tune the particle sizes (from 2 µm to 300 nm) and subsequently the color (from dark brown to light gray) of the CuGaO2 powder. The optimal synthesis conditions to obtain the brightest product are described. In these conditions, the CuGaO2 powder exhibits a pale grayish color and contains 300 nm large nano-layered particles approximately 20 nm thick.
SDN enabled Information Centric Networking (ICN) as a Service prefetching mechanism for HyperText Transfer Protocol (HTTP) based services. The scalable video streaming case (2020)

The importance of HTTP in today's networks isundisputed. As a solution to enhance QoS and enhance scalability CDN networks have been designed and deployed. Recently, anew paradigm known as ICN has been envisioned focusing the network routing on the content itself instead of the geographical attachment of addresses. Software Defined Networkings (SDNs) have been researched for the last 10 years as enablers of FutureInternet (FI) architectures in general and of ICN in particular. We have already proposed the Information Centric Network as a Service (ICNaaS) architecture to provide with end-to-endHTTP ICN alike transmission with HTTP in-network caching which has been thoroughly evaluated in this paper. This paper also proposes a nouveau mechanism, which we have named prefetching mechanism, to enhance data transmission rates for first requesters that can usually not benefit from previous access to the same content. To evaluate and demonstrate the possibilities offered by the proposal H.264/SVC video streaming with DASH has been employed.
A novel process for methanol synthesis (1992)

A bench-scale reactor is being used to study the conversion of synthesis gas to methanol (MeOH) by a novel process. In previous reports, we provided evidence that the reaction takes place in two steps. A molecule of MeOH is first carbonylated to form methyl formate (MeF) which then reacts with H{sub 2} to form two molecules of MeOH. The second reaction occurs on the surface of a heterogeneous catalyst such as copper chromite, while the first reaction requires a homegenous catalyst such as potassium methoxide (KOMe) and takes place in a non-equilibrium region in the vicinity of the heterogeneous catalyst. A synergism between the two catalysts enhances the rate of MeOH formation. In this quarter, we studied the effect of reaction conditions on the rate of formation of MeF and the effect of CO{sub 2} concentration in the feed gas on the rate of MeOH synthesis. Kinetic studies were also initiated and rate expressions were examined.
Calcium Stimulates Intramitochondrial Cholesterol Transfer in Bovine Adrenal Glomerulosa Cells (1996)

In adrenal glomerulosa cells, angiotensin II (Ang II) stimulates aldosterone synthesis through rises of cytosolic calcium ([Ca2+]c). The rate-limiting step in this process is the transfer of cholesterol to the inner mitochondrial membrane, where it is converted to pregnenolone by the P450 side chain cleavage enzyme. The aim of the present study was to examine the effect of changes in [Ca2+]c and of Ang II on intramitochondrial cholesterol distribution. Freshly prepared bovine zona glomerulosa cells were submitted to a cytosolic Ca2+ clamp (600 nM) or stimulated with Ang II (10 nM). Mitochondria were isolated and subfractionated into outer membranes (OM), inner membranes (IM), and contact sites (CS). Cholesterol content was determined by the cholesterol oxidase assay. Stimulation of intact cells with Ca2+ led to a marked decrease in cholesterol content of OM (to 54 +/- 24% of controls, n = 5) and to a concomitant increase of cholesterol in CS and IM (to 145 +/- 14%, n = 5). When glomerulosa cells were exposed to Ang II, a marked increase of cholesterol in CS occurred (to 172 +/- 16% of controls, n = 5). No significant changes were detected in OM cholesterol, suggesting a stimulation of cholesterol supply to the mitochondria in response to Ang II. Cycloheximide specifically and significantly reduced Ca2+-activated cholesterol transfer to CS and IM. In conclusion, our data indicate that one of the main functions of the Ca2+ messenger is to increase cholesterol supply to the P450 side chain cleavage enzyme by enhancing endogenous intermembrane cholesterol transfer to a mitochondrial site containing the enzymes responsible for the initial steps of the steroidogenic cascade.
Surface and interfacial FTIR spectroscopic studies of latexes. IX. The effect of homopolymer and copolymer structures on surfactant mobility in Sty/BA latices (1995)

Abstract The effects of homopolymer and copolymer compositions and structures in styrene/ n ‐butyl acrylate (Sty/BA) latices on sodium dioctyl sulfosuccinate (SDOSS) surfactant mobility and its preferential concentration at the film–air (F–A) and film–substrate (F–S) interfaces were examined using attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared (ATR FTIR) spectroscopy. It appears that the SDOSS concentration at the F–S interface is highest when the Sty/BA feed ratio is 50/50, and the excess of Sty results in migration of SDOSS surfactant to the F–A interface. This behavior is attributed to the increased glass transition temperature and diminished compatibility between surfactant molecules and copolymer latex. This study also shows that the primary factors that influence exudation to either F–A or F–S interfaces are surface tension of the substrate, glass transition temperature, water flux during coalescence, and compatibility between latex components. © 1995 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Inc.
Optimization of plasmonic grating resonators based on highly-doped semiconductors for sensing applications using 2D finite-difference time-domain simulations (2016)

International audience
Concise Synthesis of Pauciflorol F Using a Larock Annulation (2009)

A Pd-catalyzed Larock annulation provides expedient access to a subset of resveratrol-derived natural products. The reported approach resulted in the structural revision of an intermediate en route to the natural product pauciflorol F, the total synthesis of which proceeded in two steps from the requisite pentannulation product.
Optical circulator for fiber-optic transceivers (1987)

A highly efficient optical circulator for bidirectional transmission on a single fiber has been developed. A 50% transmitting efficiency and a 70% receiving efficiency have been evaluated for the nonoptimized laboratory prototype. Its behavior and technology are discussed, together with possible improvements using recently announced optical materials.