gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Natural Course of Myelopathy Caused by Ossification of the Posterior Longitudinal Ligament in the Cervical Spine (1994)

The natural course of ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament, particularly the relationship between the onset of myelopathy and factors associated with its aggravation, was studied in 207 patients during an average period of 10 years 3 months. Myelopathic signs were already present in 37 (18%) patients at the time of the initial examination. Fourteen of these 37 patients showed aggravation of symptoms during the observation period. Myelopathy appeared during the observation period in 33 (16%) of the 207 patients. One hundred thirty-seven (66%) patients were free of myelopathy. Some patients had no myelopathic signs, despite severe spinal stenosis, because of the ossification. In these patients, the range of motion of the cervical spine was severely limited, indicating that dynamic factors are important in the development of myelopathy. In treating this disease, it is necessary to take into consideration the natural course of the disease and to identify the involvement not only of static factors, such as compression caused by ossification, but also of dynamic factors.
An Extended Bilayer Model for Domain Growth in Antiferroelectric Liquid Crystal Display (2010)

We have investigated the domain growth of antiferroelectric liquid crystal display under the switching process by means of CCD camera pictures. Its dynamic behavior was simulated by our extended bilayer model. In this model, we supplement free energy of antiferroelectric liquid crystal display with the coupling coefficient between adjacent molecules in the same layer, because domain growth propagates parallel to the smectic layer. The mechanism of the domain growth in antiferroelectric liquid crystal display can be described by the extended bilayer model.
Plant Productivity and Environment (1982)

An analysis of major U.S. crops shows that there is a large genetic potential for yield that is unrealized because of the need for better adaptation of the plants to the environments in which they are grown. Evidence from native populations suggests that high productivity can occur in these environments and that opportunities for improving production in unfavorable environments are substantial. Genotypic selection for adaptation to such environments has already played an important role in agriculture, but the fundamental mechanisms are poorly understood. Recent scientific advances make exploration of these mechanisms more feasible and could result in large gains in productivity.
Strategy for selective chemical cross-linking of tyrosine and lysine residues (2004)

Chemical cross-linking of proteins combined with mass spectral analysis is a powerful technique that can be utilized to yield protein structural information, such as the spatial arrangement of multi-protein complexes or the folding of monomeric proteins. The succinimidyl ester cross-linking reagents are commonly used to cross-link primary amine-containing amino acids (N-terminus and lysine). However, in this study they were used to react with tyrosines as well, which allowed for the formation of cross-links between two primary amines, one primary amine and one tyrosine, or two tyrosines. This result is extremely important to the chemical cross-linking community for two reasons: (1) all possible cross-linked residues must be considered when analyzing data from these experiments to generate correct distance constraints and structural information, and (2) utilizing the versatility of these cross-linking reagents allows more information content to be generated from a single cross-linking reagent, which may increase the number of cross-links obtained in the experiment. Herein, we study the reactivity of the succinimidyl ester labeling and cross-linking reagents with angiotensin I and oxidized insulin beta-chain. Using the succinimidyl acetate labeling reagent, the reactivity of the N-terminus was found to be greater than either lysine or tyrosine. However, a selectivity of the cross-linking reagent was observed for either tyrosine or lysine depending on the pH of the reaction solution. In acidic pH, it was observed that tyrosine was more reactive, while in alkaline pH lysine was more reactive. Exploiting this selectivity predominantly N-terminus-tyrosine or tyrosine-tyrosine cross-links were favored at acidic pH, while N-terminus-tyrosine or tyrosine-lysine cross-links were favored at alkaline pH.
Impact of Resident Physicians on Emergency Department Throughput (2010)

OBJECTIVE: Evaluate the impact of adding emergency medicine residents to a medium-size urban hospital by comparing emergency department (ED) admission rate, total census, length of stay (LOS), and proportion of patients who left without being seen (LWBS). METHODS: Using the student t-test, the study compared commonly used ED metrics for a mid-sized urban hospital (annual census 43,000) for the four-month period prior to (March-June 2006) and after (March-June 2007) residents began providing 24-hour coverage at the institution. RESULTS: There was no significant difference in the number of patients seen (NPS) in the two time periods, 14,471 and 14,699 patients respectively (p=0.507). Analysis of the NPS and LWBS was not statistically significant. The percentage of patients who LWBS decreased with the presence of residents (6.5% to 5.8%, p=0.531), and the overall ED LOS was similar (210 min vs. 219 min, p=0.56). Admission rate data demonstrated that residents had a similar admission rate (17.5% vs. 18%, p =0.332). CONCLUSION: ED flow depends on a number of variables with complex interactions. When comparing two similar time periods in consecutive years, the presence of resident physicians in the ED had no effect on the number of patients seen, patient LOS in the ED, or LWBS, thus supporting the conclusion that residents did not adversely affect the patient flow within the ED.
Methylation, mutation and cancer (1992)

The fifth base in human DNA, 5-methylcytosine, is inherently mutagenic. This has led to marked changes in the distribution of the CpG methyl acceptor site and an 80% depletion in its frequency of occurrence in vertebrate DNA. The coding regions of many genes contain CpGs which are methylated in sperm and serve as hot spots for mutation in human genetic diseases. Fully 30-40% of all human germline point mutations are thought to be methylation induced even though the CpG dinucleotide is under-represented and efficient cellular repair systems exist. Importantly, tumor suppressor genes such as p53 also contain methylated CpGs and these serve as hot spots for mutations in some, but not all, human cancers. Comparison of the spectrum of mutations present in this gene in different human cancers allows for predictions to be made on the molecular mechanisms of tumorigenesis.
Interaction of genetic liability for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and perinatal inflammation contributes to ADHD symptoms in children (2023)

Inflammation in the perinatal period both directly elevated ADHD symptoms and magnified the impact of genetic vulnerability on ADHD risk particularly among children aged 8-9 with genetically higher risk for ADHD.
Laser-driven tunneling photocurrent as a source of midinfrared to microwave multidecade supercontinua yoked to high-order harmonics (2020)

Electron tunneling induced by a strong-field laser driver can lead to an ultrafast stepwise buildup of the photoelectron density \ensuremath{\rho}. When the laser field is strong enough, each such step in the temporal profile of \ensuremath{\rho} is confined well within the field cycle, providing an ultrabroadband, multidecade force that drives the photoelectron current $j$. However, whether or not the photocurrent can emit electromagnetic radiation with such an extraordinarily broad spectrum depends on the damping, which defines the low-frequency cutoff in the spectrum of this radiation. We show that, with a suitable choice of the gas pressure and parameters of the laser driver, the laser-induced tunneling photocurrent can serve as a source of a remarkably broadband electromagnetic radiation with a multidecade spectrum stretching from the vacuum ultraviolet all the way down to the microwave range. We demonstrate that the supercontinuum fields emitted by individual photocurrent steps, induced by different field half cycles, can coherently combine, giving rise to well-resolved high-order harmonics on the high-frequency end of the spectrum yoked to a bright midinfrared to microwave supercontinuum, dominating the long-wavelength part of the multidecade radiation output.
The Beetroot Component Betanin Modulates ROS Production, DNA Damage and Apoptosis in Human Polymorphonuclear Neutrophils (2011)

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of betanin, one of the beetroot major components, on ROS production, DNA damage and apoptosis in human resting and stimulated with phorbol 12-myristate13-acetate polymorphonuclear neutrophils, one of the key elements of the inflammatory response. Incubation of neutrophils with betanin in the concentration range 2-500 µM resulted in significant inhibition of ROS production (by 15-46%, depending on the ROS detection assay). The antioxidant capacity of betanin was most prominently expressed in the chemiluminescence measurements. This compound decreased also the percentage of DNA in comet tails in stimulated neutrophils, but only at the 24 h time point. In resting neutrophils an increased level of DNA in comet tails was observed. Betanin did not affect the activity of caspase-3, in resting neutrophils, but significantly enhanced the enzyme activity in stimulated neutrophils. The western blot analysis showed, however, an increased level of caspase-3 cleavage products as a result of betanin treatment both in resting and stimulated neutrophils. The results indicate that betanin may be responsible for the effect of beetroot products on neutrophil oxidative metabolism and its consequences, DNA damage and apoptosis. The dose and time dependent effects on these processes require further studies.
Fowl Cholera: Cross-Immunity Induced in Turkeys with Formalin-Killed In-Vivo-Propagated Pasteurella multocida (1972)

K. L. Heddleston, P. A. Rebers, Fowl Cholera: Cross-Immunity Induced in Turkeys with Formalin-Killed In-Vivo-Propagated Pasteurella multocida, Avian Diseases, Vol. 16, No. 3 (May - Jun., 1972), pp. 578-586
Electronic properties of lattice defects studied with Synchrotron Radiation (1991)

Abstract Synchrotron Radiation is extensively used in defect research to study the electronic properties of defects and impurities. After a rapid survey of the principles and characteristics of the source, are shown some techniques recently used in this field: excitation of luminescence of ion impurities and excitions, time decay investigation, Augee-free luminescence, two-phot on spectroscopy and defect creations processes.
An Investigation of the Adsorption of C5-C12 Hydrocarbons in the ppmv and ppbv Ranges on Carbotrap B (2001)

The effects of concentration and temperature on the breakthrough volumes (Vb) of 23 volatile organic compounds on Carbotrap B have been determined using the frontal chromatography method. From the measured Vb, original isotherms have been produced and adsorption parameters based on the Langmuir, Freundlich, and Dubinin-Polyani adsorption models have been calculated. The calculated adsorption parameters describe the behavior of these VOC on Carbotrap B under the experimental conditions and are useful data for VOC sampling applications including adsorption modeling of pumped and diffusive sampling. Each of the adsorption models give similar results and are in good agreement with the experimental data in the ppmv concentration range. It will be shown that contrary to previous assumptions the Langmuir adsorption parameters obtained at ppmv concentrations cannot be used to predict Vb at ppbv concentrations and the calculated parameter mmax does not represent the maximum adsorbent capacity. The Freundlich and Dubinin-Polyani models are shown to be more successful in describing the adsorption behavior of the VOC at ppbv levels where Vb is independent of concentration. The isosteric heats of adsorption (-delta Hst) for some of the compounds have been determined using the Van't Hoff equation which can be used to predict the effect of temperature on Vb.
Experimental modeling of head injury (2008)

The modern data about the experimental modeling of head injury are quoted. The main types of models, their features and descriptions are given. The special attention has been devoted to the head injury modeling devices.
Ion‐Implanted Photoresist and Damage‐Free Stripping (1994)

The surface of positive photoresist is hardened by the ion implantation process and becomes very difficult to remove thereafter. To investigate this phenomenon, the following aspects of photoresist were investigated: (i) the effectiveness of low‐energy plasma ashing, (ii) surface states by XPS, and (iii) outgassing during the ion implantation process. For photoresists without ion implantation, the ion bombardment energy dependence of the ashing rate was found to have two regions: the radical‐mode ashing region and the reactive ion etching (RIE) mode ashing region. On the other hand, photoresist following an ion implantation process was found to be entirely covered with a hardened surface layer exhibiting only RIE‐mode characteristics. This is why a plasma ashing process with low ion bombardment energy for suppression of damage on the wafer surface cannot work effectively in this case. When the photoresist is baked at a high temperature in a nitrogen ambience, the ratio between the carbon peak area and the oxygen peak area ( ratio) in the x‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy data increases, indicating that carbonization has occurred. The cricial ratio of carbonized photoresist that can be removed by sulfuric acid/hydrogen peroxide mix (SPM) is 10. However, an ion‐implanted photoresist, with a ratio of three, cannot be removed by SPM. Outgassing from the photoresist during the ion implantation process contains hydrogen as its main component. Our results indicate that an ion‐implanted photoresist is difficult to remove because of an inactive high‐polymer layer formed on the surface which has an extremely low hydrogen concentration, not because of carbonization in the surface. Therefore, the hydrogen concentration in the photoresist surface is considered to be critical to the efficiency of photoresist ashing. Since outgassing from photoresist during the ion implantation process contains hydrogen as its main component, the hardened surface layer must be supplied with hydrogen compounds in order to effectively remove the ion‐implanted photoresist without damaging the substrate.
Kinetics of conditioning layer formation on stainless steel immersed in seawater (2001)

Adhesion of microorganisms to surfaces in marine environments leads to biofouling. The deleterious effects of biofilm growth in the marine environment are numerous and include energy losses due to increased fluid frictional resistance or to increased heat transfer resistance, the risk of corrosion induced by microorganisms, loss of optical properties, and quality control and safety problems. Antifouling agents are generally used to protect surfaces from such a biofilm. These agents are toxic and can be persistent, causing harmful environmental and ecological effects. Moreover, the use of biocides and regular cleaning considerably increase the maintenance costs of marine industries. An improved knowledge of bio‐film adhesion mechanisms is needed for the development of an alternative approach to the currently used antifouling agents. The aim of this study is to characterise the chemical composition of the molecules first interacting with stainless steel during the period immediately following immersion in natural seawater and to elucidate the kinetics of the adsorbtion process. Proteins are shown to adhere very rapidly, closely followed by carbohydrates. The distribution on the surface of organic molecules is also examined. The ad‐sorbate on the surface is not a continuous film but a heterogeneous deposit, whose average thickness varies widely. The cleaning procedures used affect the adsorption kinetics. In particular, cleaning with hexane results in slower adsorption of nitrogen‐containing species than does cleaning in acetone.
Neural Networks For Intelligent Vehicles (2005)

This paper is a survey of current research in applying artificial neural networks to the domain of intelligent vehicles. It describes work in three areas: video-based traffic monitoring, monitoring and control of onboard systems, and vision-based lateral control.
Guanidino- and Urea-Modified Dendrimers as Potent Solubilizers of Misfolded Prion Protein Aggregates under Non-cytotoxic Conditions. Dependence on Dendrimer Generation and Surface Charge (2007)

Amino-terminated dendrimers are well-defined synthetic hyperbranched polymers and have previously been shown to destabilize aggregates of the misfolded, pathogenic, and partially protease-resistant form of the prion protein (PrPSc), transforming it into a partially dissociated, protease-sensitive form with strongly reduced infectivity. The mechanism behind this is not known, but a low pH, creating multiple positively charged primary amines on the dendrimer surface, increases the efficiency of the reaction. In the present study, surface amines of the dendrimers were modified to yield either guanidino surface groups (being positively charged at neutral pH) or urea groups (uncharged). The ability of several generations of modified dendrimers and unmodified amino-terminated dendrimers to deplete PrPSc from persistently PrPSc-infected cells in culture (SMB cells) was studied. It was found that destabilization correlated with both the generation number of the dendrimer, with higher generations being more efficient, and the charge density of the surface groups. Urea-decorated dendrimers having an uncharged surface were less efficient than positively charged unmodified- (amino) and guanidino-modified dendrimers. The most efficient dendrimers (generation 4 (G4) and G5-unmodified and guanidino dendrimers) cleared PrPSc completely by incubation for 4 days at less than 50 nM. In contrast to both unmodified and guanidine-modified dendrimers, the uncharged urea dendrimers showed much lower cytotoxicity toward noninfected SMB cells. Therapeutic uses of modified dendrimers are indicated by the low concentrations of dendrimers needed.
EUV spectral purity filter: optical and mechanical design, grating fabrication, and testing (2004)

The radiation emitted from an EUV source is collected and focused by a suitable collector system. A reflective blazed grating is used in -1st diffraction order to select a definite spectral band around 13.5 nm wavelength from the broad-band emission spectrum of the source. The effective grating area is segmented into a set of different plane gratings, mounted on a common base plate. In order to focus the light from the collector system, the grating segments are tilted and form a best-fit polygon surface. A specific groove density variation on the grating segments significantly improves the imaging performance. In this paper, we report on design, fabrication and testing of the grating system.
50x Endurance Improvement in TaOx RRAM by Extrinsic Doping (2021)

Resistive RAMs (RRAM) have shown immense promise in serving as the building blocks of in-memory computing systems for neuromorphic applications. However, high forming voltage, low endurance and poor retention below the 20nm technology node hinder its use. In this paper, we present a CMOS-compatible technique, which not only improves the endurance and retention but also lowers down the forming voltage of the RRAM device. The endurance and retention properties of TaO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">x</sub> RRAM devices are augmented by implanting Zr atoms into the switching layer. The implanted devices (~10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">10</sup> cycles) on average show >50x higher endurance, than its counterparts (~10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">8</sup> cycles), while exhibiting the better retention properties. In addition, the forming voltage of the implanted devices is significantly reduced in comparison with non-implanted samples due to lowering of oxygen vacancy (Vo) formation energy.
Protozoan Parasite Auxotrophies and Metabolic Dependencies (2018)

Diseases caused by protozoan parasites have a major impact on world health. These early branching eukaryotes cause significant morbidity and mortality in humans and livestock. During evolution, protozoan parasites have evolved toward complex life cycles in multiple host organisms with different nutritional resources. The conservation of functional metabolic pathways required for these successive environments is therefore a prerequisite for parasitic lifestyle. Nevertheless, parasitism drives genome evolution toward gene loss and metabolic dependencies (including strict auxotrophy), especially for obligatory intracellular parasites. In this chapter, we will compare and contrast how protozoan parasites have perfected this metabolic adaptation by focusing on specific auxotrophic pathways and scavenging strategies used by clinically relevant apicomplexan and trypanosomatid parasites to access host's nutritional resources. We will further see how these metabolic dependencies have in turn been exploited for therapeutic purposes against these human pathogens.
ChemInform Abstract: Thermal Rearrangement of Benzisoxazole‐ and Naphthisoxazolequinones in Solution and in the Solid State. Stereoselective Synthesis of γ‐ Cyanomethylidenebutenolides. (1993)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Roles of Ginsenosides on Morphine-Induced Hyperactivity and Rewarding Effect in Mice (2004)

Ginsenosides, the main effective components of the root of Panax ginseng, have been reported to modulate morphine action. In the present study, ginsenosides Rd, Rb2, Rgl and Re were divided into two groups according to their effects in mice on morphine-induced hyperactivity and conditioned place preference (CPP). Ginsenosides Rd, Rb2, Rgl had no effect on morphine-induced hyperactivity, but antagonized morphine-induced CPP. On the contrary, ginsenoside Re increased morphine-induced hyperactivity whereas it showed no effect on morphine-induced CPP.Furthermore, Re antagonized the inhibitory effect of the mixture involving Rd, Rb2 and Rgl on the morphine action. These results suggest that ginsenosides with different structures have antagonizing properties in the regulation of morphine-induced reinforcement.
Resonant Electro-optic Frequency Comb Generation in Lithium Niobate Disk Resonator inside a Microwave Cavity (2019)

We demonstrate electro-optic frequency comb generation using a doubly resonant system comprising a whispering gallery mode disk resonator made of lithium niobate mounted inside a three dimensional copper cavity. We observe 180 sidebands centred at 1550 nm.