gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Printed Sensors Produced via Thick-film Technology for the Use in Monitoring Applications (2014)

Supervision of systems and devices has become more and more important with regard to maintenance requirements and quality management. To achieve these monitoring requirements many different kinds of sensors are needed. At the Fraunhofer IFAM different sensor types have been developed on the basis of thick-film technology and especially by screen-printing. The development of sensor structures spread over a wide field of measurement categories like temperature, humidity, forces, rotational speed or positioning. Here the focus is on thermocouples and magnetic sensor structures for rotational speed and position measurements. Investigations on the functionality of the sensor structures have been performed like correspondence of electrical properties with literature values, comparisons in performance in relation to conventionally produced sensors.
Indirect estimation of physiological distribution functions. (1978)

Multicompartment models, such as sums of exponential decays and sums of effects of different ventilation-perfusion ratios, are cast in the form of integrals. Difficulties in obtaining the density function in such an integral from measured values of the integral are attributed to amplification of error in the inversion solution and to the limited number of measurement points. The present approach to control the effect of the error is regularization with the use of a non-negativity constraint on the density function. The answers are sums of the influence or kernel functions of the integral wherever the sum is positive, and zero elsewhere. Such non-negative answers not only ensure that true density functions are obtained but also permit the answer to fall abruptly to zero. For example, a delta function can be much more closely approximated with the non-negativity constraint than without. A rule is developed to choose the value of smoothing parameter so as to minimize an approximate upper bound on the integral of the squared error of the answer. This typically tends to result in some oversmoothing. Functions tested without error and with 2% relative error are as follows: one of the kernel functions (best results); rectangular boxes and delta functions (fair results); and wide boxes (poor results).
Structure and properties of Ca-doped Bi_(0.5)Na_(0.5)TiO_3-BaTiO_3 piezoelectric ceramics (2009)

The (Bi0.5Na0.5)0.93(Ba1-xCax)0.07TiO3 (x = 0.02, 0.04, 0.06, 0.08 or 0.10) lead-free piezoelectric ceramics were prepared by the conventional electroceramic technology. The effects of Ca-doped amount on the phase structure, dielectric and piezoelectric properties of ceramics were investigated. The results show that all the ceramics are single-phase solid solutions with perovskite structure. The dielectric and piezoelectric properties of the ceramics are affected obviously by the Ca-doped amount. All the ceramics posess the characteristic of diffusion phase transition (DPT). The maximum value of the permittivity(er of 1 451.7)with a lower dielectric loss(tanδ of 0.042)for the ceramics can be obtained as x is 0.04 at room temperature. The piezoelectric constant (d33) and the electromechanical coupling factor (kp) reaches the maximum value of 140.5 pC/N and 19.7% respectively as x is 0.06.
ChemInform Abstract: Carbocyclization of Unsaturated Thioesters under Palladium Catalysis. (2013)

Abstract The Pd‐catalyzed intramolecular thioester‐olefin cross‐coupling of alkene substituted thioesters is developed aiming for the generation of various α‐methylene cycloalkanones.
Advanced template matching algorithm for instantaneous heartbeat detection using continuous wave radar systems (2017)

Instantaneous heartbeat detection is a key parameter in modern vital sign monitoring. Continuous wave (CW) radar systems enable contactless measurements of the vibrations on the human skin effected by heartbeats. Since a high accuracy as well as robustness of the measurement sensor is appreciated, the belonging signal processing routine has to deal with challenging requirements. In this paper, an advanced template matching (ATM) algorithm is proposed to enhance the performance regarding instantaneous heartbeat detection using CW radar systems. Compared to common template matching algorithms, multiple heterogeneous templates are utilized in this approach, at which the appropriate template type is determined by prior feature detection. A 24 Ghz Six-Port microwave interferometer is used for vital sign measurements of a person-under-test. The functionality of the proposed algorithm is verified by a synchronous reference electrocardiogram (ECG) and its enhancement is shown by reducing the root-mean-square error (RMSE) of the interbeat intervals (IBI) compared to an ordinary template matching algorithm.
Fast Algorithms of Morphological Operations by Double Structuring Elements and Their Application to Ultrasound Image (2006)

We propose fast algorithms for gray-scale morphology by double structuring elements (DSEs). The fast algorithms are implemented with chain rule and decomposition of the DSEs. The DSE allows morphological openings to sharpen edges of the image components, changing shape of the domain and gray values of the DSE with respect to spatial positions to adapt them for local structure. In application to contrast enhancement of ultrasound image, the proposed method improves the contrast of tissue boundaries without speckle emphasis. The proposed method shows better performance both in sharpening and in computational complexity, compared to the conventional morphological sharpening with spatially invariant domain of the DSE.
THE STANDFAST WHOLE BODY COUNTER: EFFICIENCY AS A FUNCTION OF BOMAB PHANTOM SIZE AND ENERGY MODELED BY MCNP5 (2007)

The StandFast whole body counter has been modeled using Monte Carlo simulations to examine the effect of phantom size, photon energy, and position of the phantom within the counting enclosure on the counting efficiency. The first geometry, the manufacturer's recommended positioning, was found to have the higher counting efficiencies and the most dependence on phantom size. The second position, where the phantom is at the back of the counting enclosure, had lower counting efficiencies, and hence higher minimum detectable activities, by a factor of between 1.3 to 2.1 when compared with the first geometry; however, for emergency response where accuracy is to be preferred over sensitivity, this geometry would be the better choice. A unified calibration equation was also developed for the StandFast so that it is possible to predict the counting efficiency as a function of photon energy and size to within 11%.
Agent-Oriented Software Engineering III: Third International Workshop, AOSE 2002, Bologna, Italy, July 15, 2002, Revised Papers and Invited Contributions (2003)

Modeling, Specification, and Validation.- Specifying Electronic Societies with the Causal Calculator.- Modeling Agents and Their Environment.- Validation of Multiagent Systems by Symbolic Model Checking.- Patterns,Architectures,and Reuse.- Patterns in Agent-Oriented Software Engineering.- Concurrent Architecture for a Multi-agent Platform.- Re-use of Interaction Protocols for Agent-Based Control Applications.- Architecting for Reuse: A Software Framework for Automated Negotiation.- Multi-agent and Software Architectures: A Comparative Case Study.- UML and Agent Systems.- Using UML State Machine Models for More Precise and Flexible JADE Agent Behaviors.- Generating Machine Processable Representations of Textual Representations of AUML.- A UML Profile for External Agent-Object-Relationship (AOR) Models.- Extending Agent UML Sequence Diagrams.- Methodologies and Tools.- The Tropos Software Development Methodology: Processes, Models and Diagrams.- Prometheus: A Methodology for Developing Intelligent Agents.- Tool-Supported Process Analysis and Design for the Development of Multi-agent Systems.- Assembling Agent Oriented Software Engineering Methodologies from Features.- Positions and Perspectives.- Agent-Oriented Software Technologies: Flaws and Remedies.
Effects of Nutritional Stress During Lactation on Immunity Costs and Indices of Future Reproduction in Iberian Red Deer (Cervus elaphus hispanicus)1 (2002)

Nutrition may affect the balance between immunity and traits such as reproduction or growth. This study examines the effect of low nutrient availability on immunity indices and lactation in captive Iberian red deer. Twelve hinds and their calves were allotted to a food-restricted (50-60% daily energy requirements) or a control group just after calving. Low calorie intake exerted a greater effect on the immunity of calves than on that of hinds. Whereas no difference was found for hinds, calves of the low intake group showed mean immunoglobulin (Ig) levels higher than those on a standard diet, which suggests that Ig level may indicate the level of fighting against pathogens. Serum indices of body condition in calves showed generally positive correlations with milk nutrient production. In contrast, Ig level within each group showed a pattern inverse to that of the other group for early lactation: in the standard diet group, the greater the milk nutrient produced and calf growth, the lower the Ig level; this relationship was inversed in the low-nutrition group. These results suggest that, on a standard diet, high Ig levels may indicate high levels of pathogen fighting paired to poorer body condition. Inversely, once the first barriers of innate immunity are surpassed, only those calves on the low-nutrition group with greater resources would be able to spend more resources to fight infection. Thus, low calorie intake might boost its slowing effect on growth by increasing the costs of infection fighting.
Optimisation des empilements dans les structures composites stratifiées avec arrêts de plis (2013)

http://www.emse.fr/~leriche/JNC18_IRISARRI_Article_8.pdf
Refining the bounding volumes for lossless compression of voxelized\n point clouds geometry (2021)

This paper describes a novel lossless compression method for point cloud\ngeometry, building on a recent lossy compression method that aimed at\nreconstructing only the bounding volume of a point cloud. The proposed scheme\nstarts by partially reconstructing the geometry from the two depthmaps\nassociated to a single projection direction. The partial reconstruction\nobtained from the depthmaps is completed to a full reconstruction of the point\ncloud by sweeping section by section along one direction and encoding the\npoints which were not contained in the two depthmaps. The main ingredient is a\nlist-based encoding of the inner points (situated inside the feasible regions)\nby a novel arithmetic three dimensional context coding procedure that\nefficiently utilizes rotational invariances present in the input data.\nState-of-the-art bits-per-voxel results are obtained on benchmark datasets.\n
Cadmium-free copper indium gallium diselenide hybrid solar cells comprising a 2-(4-biphenylyl)-5-(4-tert-butylphenyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole buffer layer (2013)

Copper indium gallium diselenide (CIGS) solar cells are the most efficient thin film photovoltaic devices today. In this work, we investigate CIGS/organic hybrid solar cells comprising a semi-transparent metal top electrode and a wide band gap organic semiconductor as buffer layer. Depositing the organic semiconductor from solution, we fabricate Cd-free solar cells exhibiting about the same efficiency as their counterparts comprising CdS and significantly higher open-circuit voltages as compared to buffer-free devices. Although the organic molecules do not cover the CIGS surface homogeneously, their use enables prolonged charge carrier lifetimes according to impedance spectroscopy measurements.
[Postpartum reproductive failure in cattle: is the examination of gene expression in the endometrium a key to success?]. (2007)

High reproductive performance is required for successful management of dairy farms. After calving, especially endometritis is one of the main reasons for reproductive failure. However, subclinical endometritis remains undetected in many cases and causes a high financial loss. To elucidate the cellular processes in the endometrium, the acquisition of the gene expression will provide helpful information. In the literature, numerous cytokines and enzymes were discussed to play important roles in preparing the endometrium for implantation. This review gives an overview about our present understanding of the functions of cyclooxygenases 1 and 2 (COX-1/COX-2), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha), the inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), haptoglobin as well as the interleukins 1 and 6 (IL-1/IL-6). Their role is not only to regulate certain physiological processes in the bovine reproductive tract, but to act also as inflammatory mediators in infectious diseases. A better understanding of cellular processes may help to improve identification and treatment of postpartum reproductive failure.
High-accuracy function synthesizer circuit with applications in signal processing (2012)

An original low-voltage current-mode high-accuracy function synthesizer circuit will be presented, allowing to implement a multitude of continuous mathematical functions. The dynamic range is strongly extended as a result of the superior-order approximation of the implemented functions. The current-mode operation and the independence of the circuit performances on technological parameters are responsible for an additional improvement of structure accuracy. The advantages of reduced design costs per function represent an immediate consequence of the multiple functions realized by the proposed structure. The approximation error of the original function synthesizer circuit is 0.3% for an extended range of the input signal. The function synthesizer is designed for implementing in 0.18 μm CMOS technology and it is supplied at 1 V. An original application of the proposed function synthesizer circuit is represented by a new fourth-order approximation exponential function generator, having a dynamic range of approximately 33 dB, for an error smaller than 1 dB.
Experimental Study of Field-Oriented Vector Control System using Flux Observer Based on Robust Design Method. (1994)

In the vector control system, exact estimation of the rotor flux is very important for accurate control. We have proposed the construction and the design method of the sliding observer for robust flux estimation with IM parameter deviations. In this paper, the design method of the sliding observer based on the proposed one is shown more in detail and the configuration of the vector control system with the observer is shown. To verify feasibility of the design method, the experimental results are reported.
Improving recognition of psoriatic arthritis. (2009)

Psoriatic arthritis (PsA) is a common form of inflammatory arthritis but is underdiagnosed. Psoriasis affects over 1.5% of the UK population. Around 15% of these patients will be diagnosed with PsA, but up to 40% may have evidence of arthritis if reviewed thoroughly. PsA can be difficult to diagnose as patients present with a variety of different patterns of arthritis. Most patients with PsA have relatively mild skin psoriasis, but some have more significant disease. Only 10-20% develop arthritis before their skin disease. Many patients have mild skin psoriasis that they are unaware of, or have not had diagnosed. Joint involvement is far more variable in PsA, compared with rheumatoid arthritis, and patients may present with: monoarthritis; oligoarthritis; involvement of the distal interphalangeal joints; a rheumatoid arthritis-like picture with multiple joints involved including the small joints in the hand or axial disease producing symptoms similar to ankylosing spondylitis. Features such as dactylitis (uniform sausage-like swelling of the whole digit either finger or toe) and enthesitis (inflammation at the sites of muscle or tendon attachment to bone) may also help diagnose PsA. Skin disease is present in the majority of patients although not all. Hidden areas for psoriasis include: behind the ears; at the top of the natal cleft and around the umbilicus. Larger joints, particularly the knees, can develop very big effusions causing obvious swelling. Areas to test for enthesitis should include the Achilles tendon, plantar fascia, costochondral joints and the elbow. Patients with suspected PsA should be referred promptly to a rheumatologist for further assessment and treatment. Diagnosis of PsA can be made on clinical grounds but blood tests and radiographs are performed routinely to aid diagnosis. Initial therapy for PsA should include NSAIDs to ease pain and stiffness. Local injections of corticosteroids are recommended for peripheral arthritis (given IA) and dactylitis (usually by injection into the flexor tendon or adjacent joints). DMARDs are routinely used to treat all aspects of psoriatic disease, except spinal disease, and prescribing should be initiated by a specialist.
The Anti-inflammatory Activity of CeleryApium graveolensL. (Fam. Umbelliferae) (1985)

Aqueous extracts of celery stem have been investigated and found to have significant anti-inflammatory activity against two animal models. Celery contained a phytosterol with some anti-inflammatory activity but it was concluded that the major anti-inflammatory effect was due to unidentified polar substances. Mannitol was also identified in celery but this compound did not reduce carrageenan-induced oedema in the rat although the celery fraction with anti-inflammatory action was active against this model. Mannitol has been reported to reduce inflammation in adjuvant-induced arthritis in the rat. It was concluded that celery stem does possess anti-inflammatory properties which may form a basis for the reputation of the plant as a medicinal treatment for rheumatic disease.
IMPG2-Associated Retinitis Pigmentosa Displays Relatively Early Macular Involvement (2014)

Mutations in IMPG2 cause a severe form of RP with symptoms manifesting in the first 2 decades of life. IMPG2-associated RP is frequently accompanied by macular involvement, ranging from mild pigment alterations to profound chorioretinal atrophy. The resulting decrease in central vision in combination with the severe tunnel vision leads to severe visual impairment in patients with IMPG2-associated RP.
Dual-polarization reflectarray in Ku-band based on two layers of dipole-arrays for a transmit-receive satellite antenna with South American coverage (2017)

A 1.1-m reflectarray antenna has been designed, manufactured and tested to fulfil the requirements of a satellite antenna in Ku-band that provides South American coverage in Tx and Rx. The reflectarray cells consist of four dipoles for each polarization in two dielectric layers, which were selected because of their simplicity and high performance. The dipole dimensions are optimized in all the reflectarray cells to accomplish the prescribed radiation patterns, by iteratively calling an analysis routine based on MoM-SD and local periodicity. The measured radiation patterns of the manufactured antenna have been satisfactorily compared with simulations and with a 3-layer reflectarray previously designed for the same mission.
Properties of sol-gel-derived lead zirconate titanate (PZT) thin films on platinum-coated silicon substrates (2002)

Lead zirconate titanate thin films with a composition near the morphotropic phase boundary were prepared by the sol-gel method. Films were crystallized by a rapid thermal annealing (RTA) process. X-ray diffraction was used to monitor the crystallization of the processed films. The microstructure of the films was observed using field-emission scanning electron microscopy. The ferroelectric and dielectric properties of the PZT films fabricated under various annealing conditions were studied. The films showed good hysteresis loops with P/sub /spl tau//=30 /spl mu/C/cm/sup 2/ and E/sub c/=70 kV/cm. Piezoelectric properties were measured by both single beam and double beam interferometers.
Optimal Control of Engine-Starts for Drivability of Parallel Hybrid Electric Vehicles (2011)

The parallel hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) with a single pre-transmission electric motor (the P2 configuration) has a challenging drivability issue during engine-starts because the motor must simultaneously provide the propulsion torque demand and start the engine. The goal of this study is to present a design process to achieve optimal balance between these two conflicting goals. We first develop a control-oriented HEV powertrain model to accurately predict the engine, clutch, and vehicle dynamics. Assuming that the clutch torque can be accurately estimated and perfectly cancelled, an optimal engine-start control problem is formulated to minimize engine-start time while accurately supplying the driver torque demand simultaneously. This nonlinear constrained optimal control problem is solved numerically using Dynamic Programming (DP). DP results show that a proper constant clutch pressure level, which leads to constant torque disturbance that is easy to cancel out using the motor, can achieve near-optimal performance. Furthermore, the DP control policy is found to be time-invariant, and thus can be directly implemented in the form of a full state feedback controller.
Reduce and Control: A Combinatorial Strategy for Achieving Sustained HIV Remissions in the Absence of Antiretroviral Therapy (2020)

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) indefinitely persists, despite effective antiretroviral therapy (ART), within a small pool of latently infected cells. These cells often display markers of immunologic memory and harbor both replication-competent and -incompetent proviruses at approximately a 1:100 ratio. Although complete HIV eradication is a highly desirable goal, this likely represents a bridge too far for our current and foreseeable technologies. A more tractable goal involves engineering a sustained viral remission in the absence of ART--a "functional cure." In this setting, HIV remains detectable during remission, but the size of the reservoir is small and the residual virus is effectively controlled by an engineered immune response or other intervention. Biological precedence for such an approach is found in the post-treatment controllers (PTCs), a rare group of HIV-infected individuals who, following ART withdrawal, do not experience viral rebound. PTCs are characterized by a small reservoir, greatly reduced inflammation, and the presence of a poorly understood immune response that limits viral rebound. Our goal is to devise a safe and effective means for replicating durable post-treatment control on a global scale. This requires devising methods to reduce the size of the reservoir and to control replication of this residual virus. In the following sections, we will review many of the approaches and tools that likely will be important for implementing such a "reduce and control" strategy and for achieving a PTC-like sustained HIV remission in the absence of ART.