gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Design and analysis of CMOS broad-band compact high-linearity modulators for gigabit microwave/millimeter-wave applications (2006)

CMOS broad-band compact high-linearity binary phase-shift keying (BPSK) and IQ modulators are proposed and analyzed in this paper. The modulators are constructed utilizing a modified reflection-type topology with the transmission lines implemented on the thick SiO/sub 2/ layer to avoid the lossy silicon substrate. The monolithic microwave integrated circuit (MMIC) chips were fabricated using standard bulk 0.13-/spl mu/m MS/RF CMOS process and demonstrated an ultracompact layout with more than 80% chip size reduction. The broadside couplers and 180/spl deg/ hybrid for the modulators in the CMOS process are broad-band designs with low phase/amplitude errors. The dc offset and imbalance for the proposed topology are investigated and compared with the conventional reflection-type modulators. The measured dc offset was improved by more than 10 dB. Both BPSK and IQ modulators feature a conversion loss of 13 dB, a modulation bandwidth of wider than 1 GHz, and second- and third-order spur suppressions of better than -30 dBc. The IQ modulator shows good sideband suppression with high local-oscillator suppression from 20 to 40 GHz. The modulators are also evaluated with a digital modulation signal and demonstrate excellent modulator quality and adjacent channel power ratio.
NMR Characterization of Ionicity and Transport Properties for a Series of Diethylmethylamine Based Protic Ionic Liquids (2016)

The ionicity and transport properties of a series of diethylmethylamine (DEMA) based protic ionic liquids (PILs) were characterized, principally utilizing nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. PILs were formed via the protonation of DEMA by an array of acids spanning a large range of acidities. A correlation between the (1)H chemical shift of the exchangeable proton and the acidity of the acid used for the synthesis of the PIL was observed. The gas phase proton affinity of the acid was found to be a better predictor of the extent of proton transfer than the commonly used aqueous ΔpKa. Pulsed field gradient (PFG) NMR was used to determine the diffusivity of the exchangeable proton in a subset of the PILs. The exchangeable proton diffuses with the acid if the PIL is synthesized with a weak acid, and with the base if a strong acid is used. The ionicity of the PILs was characterized using the Walden analysis and by comparing to the ideal Nernst-Einstein conductivity predicted from the (1)H PFG-NMR results.
fMRI measurements of color in macaque and human (2008)

We have used fMRI to measure responses to chromatic and achromatic contrast in retinotopically defined regions of macaque and human visual cortex. We make four observations. Firstly, the relative amplitudes of responses to color and luminance stimuli in macaque area V1 are similar to those previously observed in human fMRI experiments. Secondly, the dorsal and ventral subdivisions of macaque area V4 respond in a similar way to opponent (L--M)-cone chromatic contrast suggesting that they are part of a single functional area. Thirdly, we find that macaque area V4, like area V1, responds preferentially to chromatic contrast compared to luminance contrast and the degree of preference is strongly influenced by the temporal frequency of the stimulus. Finally, we observe that while macaque V4d is a region on the dorsal surface of the macaque visual cortex that responds robustly to chromatic stimuli, human chromatic responses to identical stimuli are largely confined to the ventral surface suggesting a fundamental difference in the topographical organization of higher visual areas between humans and macaques.
Additions and Corrections - Addition of Alkyl Vinyl Ethers to Δ16-20-Keto Steroids. I. (1964)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAdditions and Corrections - Addition of Alkyl Vinyl Ethers to Δ16-20-Keto Steroids. I.J. Pike, M. Rebenstorf, G. Slomp, and F. MacKellarCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1964, 29, 12, 3743Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1964Publication History Published online14 November 2002Published inissue 1 December 1964https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01035a625https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01035a625research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views15Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Dual-Permeability Modeling and Evaluation of Drift-Shadow Experiments. (2008)

Abstract not provided.
Polymerizability of Allylamine Derivatives (1970)

アリルアミン誘導体のラジカル重合性では,第二および第三アミンの窒素原子上の孤立電子対がラジカルと錯形成し易いため,α水素原子の引き抜きを助けること,および生成するアリルラジカルと共役して退化性を増すことを確認した。また,アンモニウム塩として窒素原子の孤立電子対を固定すると,アリルラジカルとの共役が切断され,α炭素原子のクーロン積分の増大から,退化性の減ずることを確認した。特に,ヨウ化ジアリルベンジルメチルアンモニウム塩(DABA-MeI)の重合速度Rは,Rp(MeOH中の重合速度)=kMeOH[AIBN]0.51-0.61×[DABA-MeI]1.48およびRp(CH3COCH3中の重合速度)=kCH3COCH3[AIBN]0.70×[DABA-MeI]1.30と表わされることから,ジアリルモノマーとしての特性,すなわち,環化重合体を与えることや,退化的連鎖移動の生起することを確認した。DABA-MeI(M2)とアクリロニトリル(M1)との共重合ではモノマー反応性比としてγ1=5.93,γ2=0.098を得,Q,e値はそれぞれQ2=O.058,e2=+0.47と計算された。従って,DABA-MeIはジアリルフタレートやアリルアルコールなどのアリルモノマーと同程度の共重合性を有することが明らかにされた。
Smart program visualization technologies: planning a next step (2005)

Learning to program is a difficult and complex process that needs to be aided by proper educational tools. The crucial question is if the tool can support the learning or not. The potentials of program visualization (PV) tools, especially essential in novice programmers training, were shown in the past. Unfortunately, they are still underutilized and the results of their use are inconclusive. Moreover, the approach of creating general-purpose tools for a general-user is no longer bearable. The tools should be smart and accommodate to the changing needs, goals, and context of the users. This can increase the efficiency, acceptance and usage of PV tools. We perform a critical analysis of the current state-of-practice in PV and smart technologies and propose a taxonomy linking these research tracks. In addition, we present directions for the future of the research in smart program visualization tools.
Transventricular revascularization by Laser (1982)

Transventricular acupuncture or revascularization by the method of producing channels between the ventricular cavity and the ischemic myocardium has challenged several investigators. The concept of producing these channels using high-energy CO2 laser was based on the finding that the laser beam could produce small channels devoid of debris, and fibrosis would not occur. Four groups of mongrel dogs with six animals in each group were studied. In three groups the left anterior descending (LAD) branch of the coronary arteries was ligated above the first diagonal, and channels were made in the myocardium according to the protocol for each group. The fourth group was the control, the LAD was ligated but the myocardium was not exposed to laser treatment. In the control group all animals died within 20 minutes of LAD ligation. Animals in the other groups survived ligation with laser, and were subsequently sacrificed at varying intervals. At autopsy the epicardial component of the channels was visible. Penetration through the myocardium could be demonstrated. Microscopically the channels were patent and endothelialized. Further investigations are in process, but we believe laser channels protect and nourish the ischemic myocardium.
Cloning and Characterization of an alpha-amylase Gene from the Hyperthermophilic Archaeon Thermococcus Thioreducens (2004)

The gene encoding an extracellular alpha-amylase, TTA, from the hyperthermophilic archaeon Thermococcus thioreducens was cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli. Primary structural analysis revealed high similarity with other a-amylases from the Thermococcus and Pyrococcus genera, as well as the four highly conserved regions typical for a-amylases. The 1374 bp gene encodes a protein of 457 amino acids, of which 435 constitute the mature protein preceded by a 22 amino acid signal peptide. The molecular weight of the purified recombinant enzyme was estimated to be 43 kDa by denaturing gel electrophoresis. Maximal enzymatic activity of recombinant TTA was observed at 90 C and pH 5.5 in the absence of exogenous Ca(2+), and the enzyme was considerably stable even after incubation at 90 C for 2 hours. The thermostability at 90 and 102 C was enhanced in the presence of 5 mM Ca(2+). The extraordinarily high specific activity (about 7.4 x 10(exp 3) U/mg protein at 90 C, pH 5.5 with soluble starch as substrate) together with its low pH optimum makes this enzyme an interesting candidate for starch processing applications.
Rational stabilization of enzymes by computational redesign of surface charge–charge interactions (2009)

Here, we report the application of a computational approach that allows the rational design of enzymes with enhanced thermostability while retaining full enzymatic activity. The approach is based on the optimization of the energy of charge-charge interactions on the protein surface. We experimentally tested the validity of the approach on 2 human enzymes, acylphosphatase (AcPh) and Cdc42 GTPase, that differ in size (98 vs. 198-aa residues, respectively) and tertiary structure. We show that the designed proteins are significantly more stable than the corresponding WT proteins. The increase in stability is not accompanied by significant changes in structure, oligomerization state, or, most importantly, activity of the designed AcPh or Cdc42. This success of the design methodology suggests that it can be universally applied to other enzymes, on its own or in combination with the other strategies based on redesign of the interactions in the protein core.
Imaging by Unsupervised Feature Learning of the Wave Equation (2021)

We approach the inverse problem of imaging as a task of automated feature learning of the underlying wave equation. While feature extraction with unsupervised machine learning is widely used in analyzing complex data on clustering, classification, and visualization, we show its direct usage on discovering interpretable physical concepts and then obtaining images from wave-propagation data. By using a spring-mass lattice as a simplified model in acoustic imaging, a variational autoencoder is trained to extract features that govern the dynamics of wave propagation from configurations with uncorrelated random material parameters. The extracted features are transformed to images of spring constants and masses by an additional linear regression. The current scheme of extraction-based inverse imaging of features is robust against noise in wave-propagation data and incomplete accessibility in the case of inverse scattering in practice. Our approach requires minimal prior knowledge of the wave-scattering mechanism with applications from the extraction of physical constants and defect detection to discovering physical phenomena.
Diversity and Host Specificity Revealed by Biological Characterization and Whole Genome Sequencing of Bacteriophages Infecting Salmonella enterica (2019)

Phages infecting members of the opportunistic human pathogen, <i>Salmonella enterica</i>, are widespread in natural environments and offer a potential source of agents that could be used for controlling populations of this bacterium; yet, relatively little is known about these phages. Here we describe the isolation and characterization of 45 phages of <i>Salmonella enterica</i> from disparate geographic locations within British Columbia, Canada. Host-range profiling revealed host-specific patterns of susceptibility and resistance, with several phages identified that have a broad-host range (i.e., able to lyse >40% of bacterial hosts tested). One phage in particular, SE13, is able to lyse 51 out of the 61 <i>Salmonella</i> strains tested. Comparative genomic analyses also revealed an abundance of sequence diversity in the sequenced phages. Alignment of the genomes grouped the phages into 12 clusters with three singletons. Phages within certain clusters exhibited extraordinarily high genome homology (>98% nucleotide identity), yet between clusters, genomes exhibited a span of diversity (<50% nucleotide identity). Alignment of the major capsid protein also supported the clustering pattern observed with alignment of the whole genomes. We further observed associations between genomic relatedness and the site of isolation, as well as genetic elements related to DNA metabolism and host virulence. Our data support the knowledge framework for phage diversity and phage-host interactions that are required for developing phage-based applications for various sectors, including biocontrol, detection and typing.
Biodistribution and Excretion of a Mixed Fluorocarbon-Hydrocarbon “Dowel” Emulsion as Determined by 19 F NMR (1994)

To investigate the biodistribution, possible metabolism and excretion of mixed fluorocarbon-hydrocarbon "dowel" molecules used as stabilizers of fluorocarbon emulsions, we have prepared a 25% w/v emulsion of such a molecule, and quantitatively evaluated, by means of 19F NMR, its behavior in the blood and reticuloendothelial system (RES) of rats. C6F13CH = CHC10H21 (F6H10E) was emulsified using egg yolk phospholipids (EYP). The emulsion (F6H10E/EYP: 25/6% w/v) was injected intravenously into 33 Sprague Dawley female rats at a 3.6 g/kg body weight dose of F6H10E. The animals were sacrificed at regular intervals of time. 24 hours after the injection, 70% of the injected dose was located in the liver, 17% in the spleen, 4% in the lungs, 2% in the kidneys and 2% in the blood. The half-time retention of the dowel molecule in the liver was estimated to be 25 +/- 5 days. None of the 33 treated animals died prior to the planned sacrifice date. The dowel molecule F6H10E proved to be well tolerated, and excreted reasonably fast, without metabolism. This appears to warrant the use of such molecules as stabilizers in injectable fluorocarbon emulsions destined to serve as oxygen carriers, contrast agents or drug delivery systems.
Protease Inhibitors (2009)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Physicochemical Properties of Active Compounds and Their Occurrence Bioavailability and Metabolism of Active Compounds Mechanisms of Protection and Results of In Vitro and Animal Studies Results of Human Studies Impact of Cooking Processing References
Impact identification of stiffened composite panels: I. System development (2001)

An investigation was conducted to develop a real-time identification technique for the prediction of the location and force history of low-velocity impacts on composite panels with beam stiffeners. The investigation included both analysis and experiments. Measurements from built-in piezoceramic sensors were used to reconstruct the force history using the smoother-filter algorithm. Impact location was determined by minimizing the difference between modeled response and actual response. Computer codes were developed for model construction (WFMODEL) and impact identification (WIDIMPACT). The model allowed for the variation of plate structural properties (density and stiffness) due to the presence of stiffeners. Results of extensive experiments verified the model, as coded in WFMODEL, for impacts both in the bay and on the stiffener. The identification technique, as implemented in the code WIDIMPACT, demonstrated real-time capability. Good agreement was found between predicted and actual force history and location, with success for different impact masses.
Manganese(III) .gamma.-lactone annulation with substituted acids (1985)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTManganese(III) .gamma.-lactone annulation with substituted acidsWilliam E. Fristad, John R. Peterson, and Andreas B. ErnstCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1985, 50, 17, 3143–3148Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1985Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1985https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00217a025https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00217a025research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views932Altmetric-Citations77LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Molecular beam epitaxial growth of normal and inverted two-dimensional electron gases in AlGaN/GaN based heterostructures (1999)

Two-dimensional electron gases in AlGaN/GaN heterostructures grown by plasma induced molecular beam epitaxy have been formed by polarization induced interface charge effects. Growth of the “normal” structure (AlGaN on GaN) has formed a two-dimensional electron gas confined in the GaN when grown on sapphire with an AlN nucleation layer, SiC (Si face), or on GaN nucleated by organometallic vapor phase epitaxy on sapphire. Hall mobilities in GaN for normal interfaces are as high as 1238 cm2/V s at 300 K and 3182 cm2/V s at 77 K. Direct current results from field effect transistors fabricated from this material yield a maximum transconductance of 210 mS/mm and a current density of 710 mA/mm. Microwave measurements gave a ft of 27 GHz and a fmax of 37 GHz. When nucleating GaN directly on sapphire, an “inverted” structure (GaN on AlGaN) was used to create a two-dimensional electron gas. The difference in the normal and inverted structures is the polarity of the (Al)GaN layers. The flipping of the (Al)GaN polarity on sapphire is achieved through the use of the AlN nucleation layer.
Recent Progress in Metabolic Signaling Pathways Regulating Aging and Life Span (2014)

The NIH Summit, Advances in Geroscience: Impact on Health Span and Chronic Disease, discusses several aspects of cellular degeneration that underlie susceptibility to chronic aging-associated diseases, morbidity, and mortality. In particular, the session on Metabolism focuses on the interrelationship between signal transduction, intermediary metabolism, and metabolic products and byproducts that contribute to pathophysiologic phenotypes and detrimental effects that occur during the aging process, thus leading to susceptibility to disease. Although it is well established that many metabolic pathways (ie, oxidative phosphorylation, insulin-stimulated glucose uptake) decline with age, it often remains uncertain if these are a cause or consequence of the aging process. Moreover, the mechanisms accounting for the decline in metabolic function remain enigmatic. Several novel and unexpected concepts are emerging that will help to define the roles of altered metabolic control in the degenerative mechanisms of aging. This brief review summarizes several of the topics to be discussed in the metabolism of aging session (http://www.geron.org/About%20Us/nih-geroscience-summit).
ChemInform Abstract: THIOCARBONYL OLEFINATION. II. SOME PREPARATIVE USES OF THE REACTION OF N‐(THIOACYL)URETHANES AND THEIR VINYLOGS WITH RESONANCE‐STABILIZED PHOSPHORUS YLIDES (1980)

Abstract Im Gegensatz zu ihren Sauerstoff‐Analogen reagieren die Piperidindithione (I) mit dem Ylid (II) unter Bildung der Z‐Enamine (III).
Ti3C2Tx MXene Polymer Composites for Anticorrosion: An Overview and Perspective (2022)

As the most studied two-dimensional (2D) material from the MXene family, Ti<sub>3</sub>C<sub>2</sub>T<sub><i>x</i></sub> has constantly gained interest from academia and industry. Ti<sub>3</sub>C<sub>2</sub>T<sub><i>x</i></sub> MXene has the highest electrical conductivity (up to 24,000 S cm<sup>-1</sup>) and one of the highest stiffness values with a Young's modulus of ∼ 334 GPa among water-dispersible conductive 2D materials. The negative surface charge of MXene helps to disperse it well in aqueous and other polar solvents. This solubility across a wide range of solvents, excellent interface interaction, tunable surface functionality, and stability with other organic/polymeric materials combined with the layered structure of Ti<sub>3</sub>C<sub>2</sub>T<sub><i>x</i></sub> MXene make it a promising material for anticorrosion coatings. While there are many reviews on Ti<sub>3</sub>C<sub>2</sub>T<sub><i>x</i></sub> MXene polymer composites for catalysis, flexible electronics, and energy storage, to our knowledge, no review has been published yet on MXenes' anticorrosion applications. In this brief report, we summarize the current progress and the development of Ti<sub>3</sub>C<sub>2</sub>T<sub><i>x</i></sub> polymer composites for anticorrosion. We also provide an outlook and discussion on possible ways to improve the exploitation of Ti<sub>3</sub>C<sub>2</sub>T<sub><i>x</i></sub> polymer composites as anticorrosive materials. Finally, we provide a perspective beyond Ti<sub>3</sub>C<sub>2</sub>T<sub><i>x</i></sub> MXene composition for the development of future anticorrosion coatings.
A particle swarm algorithm for symbols detection in wideband spatial multiplexing systems (2007)

This paper explores the application of the particle swarm algorithm for a NP-hard problem in the area of wireless communications. The specific problem is of detecting symbols in a Multi-Input Multi-Output (MIMO) communications system. This approach is particularly attractive as PSO is well suited for physically realizable, real-time applications, where low complexity and fast convergence is of absolute importance. While an optimal Maximum Likelihood (ML) detection using an exhaustive search method is prohibitively complex, we show that the Swarm Intelligence (SI) optimized MIMO detection algorithm gives near-optimal Bit Error Rate (BER) performance in fewer iterations, thereby reducing the ML computational complexity significantly. The simulation results suggest that the proposed detector gives an acceptable performance complexity trade-off in comparison with ML and VBLAST detector.
Doxapram After General Anesthesia (1992)

Department of Anaesthetics, North Tees General Hospital, Hardwick, Stockton on Tees, Cleveland, Great Britain