gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Deficient antigen processing of a protein quaternary structure can be overcome by receptor‐mediated uptake (1993)

Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) is a dimer of non-covalently associated alpha (hCG-alpha) and beta (hCG-beta) subunits. This molecule was used to study whether receptor-mediated uptake influences the presentation of a protein quaternary structure. Unprimed splenocytes and a B cell lymphoma were capable of presenting only the free (hCG-alpha) but not the combined (hCG) alpha subunit to hCG-alpha T cell hybridomas, while hCG-alpha-primed lymph node cells (LNC) responded to both hCG-alpha and hCG. As antigen (Ag)-specific antigen-presenting cells (APC) present in the hCG-alpha-primed LNC population may be potentially effective for presenting hCG, we investigated the role of specific Ag capture, through mIg and Fc gamma R, in the processing and presentation of hCG and hCG-alpha to HAG5, a T cell hybridoma directed against the immunodominant region (amino acids 61-81) of hCG-alpha. Results showed that only B cells bearing membrane immunoglobulin capable of recognizing hCG-alpha and hCG, and present in hCG-alpha-primed mice, were extremely effective in presenting the free as well as the combined alpha subunit. The effect of FcR-mediated uptake was analyzed using a B cell line transfected with the Fc gamma RII-B2 gene to present immune complexes of either hCG-alpha or hCG. We found that hCG-alpha and hCG were presented equally well, whatever the Ag-binding site of each antibody to hCG or its alpha subunit. Using HBG 6, an hCG-beta T cell hybridoma, we performed similar experiments with the Fc gamma RII-B2 cell line and determined that the potentiation of hCG presentation to HBG 6 was similar to that observed with HAG 5. Then kinetic experiments were performed to examine the effect of Ag uptake through FcR on processing. Results demonstrated that the uptake pathway drastically influenced the expression of alpha T cell determinants in the alpha/beta dimer. In addition, treatment with cycloheximide, a protein synthesis inhibitor, only impaired the ability of APC to present specifically captured Ag. Thus, the processing pathway for specifically captured Ag might be different from the pathway used to process nonspecifically captured Ag. This observation might explain why receptor-enhanced uptake bypasses the inefficient processing of the hCG quaternary structure and enables similar efficiency in the presentation of alpha and beta T cell specificities. These findings provide new insight into the antigenicity of oligomeric molecules, which is modified whether antigen capture is specific or not.
3D Navigation With An Insect-Inspired Autopilot (2008)

ISBN : 978-2-9532965-0-1
Secondary Acute Myeloid Leukemia in Survivors of Hodgkin Lymphoma (2016)

Older patients with sAML have a dismal OS and should be enrolled in trials of novel therapies. Younger patients have improved OS and hence may benefit from curative intent intensive therapy and allogeneic transplant.
Calcium Channel Block and Inactivation: Insights from Structure-Activity Studies (2013)

Introduction D uring an action potential calcium (Ca *) ions enter the cell through voltage-gated Ca^* channels (Cay). Cay channels first open and subsequendy close before recovering to the resting state (Fig. lA). The process of channel closure during maintained membrane depolarization is called During inactivation Cay channels undergo several conformational changes: one is mediated by intracellular Ca * interacting with a channel-calmodulin complex (Ca^*-dependent inactivation), two other conformational changes are voltage-dependent (fast and slow voltage-dependent inactivation, Fig. lA, see refs. 1,2 for review, and other chapters in this book). Evolution has designed high-voltage-activated (HVA) Cay channel families (also known as L-type [Cay 1.1, Cay 1.2, Cay 1.3, Cayl.4], P/Q-type [Cay2.1], N-type [Cay2.2] and R-type [Cay2.3] channels) and low-voltage-activated (LVA) Ca^* channel family Cay3.^ The different family members display different inactivation properties. ' HVA Cay channels are heterooligomeric protein complexes composed of an tti-subunit, auxiliary P-, OL2-8and in some channels of an additional y-subunit. The tti-subunits sense the membrane voltage, form the pore and define the basic pharmacological properties of the channels^^ (Fig. IC, D). Four P-subunit genes (pi, p2, P3, P4) and various splice variants have been identified. These subunits modulate the inactivation properties of HVA Cay (Fig. IB).^ HVA and LVA Cay channels undergo fast and slow voltage-dependent inactivation. Ca */calmodulin-dependent inactivation is exclusively observed in HVA (Cay 1.2, Cay2.1 and other HVA Cay channels).^^'^'^ The blocking action of many Ca^* antagonists such as the 1,4-dihydropyridines (DHPs), phenylalkylamines (PAAs), diltiazem (DIL) and mibefradil (MIB) in myocardial, smooth muscle and neuronal cells is enhanced by membrane depolarizations. This is conventionally explained by a higher affinity of these drugs for open or inactivated channels (Fig. lA). The precise mechanisms of channel block by these compounds remains to be elucidated. Recent studies on chimeric and mutant Cay channels provided new insights into the underlying molecular events. In particular the design of channels with different inactivation properties may help us to understand the molecular role of inactivation in channel inhibition by Ca^* antagonists.
Slow light with persistent hole burning (2005)

We consider the propagation of a Gaussian probe pulse in an absorptive, optically dense, two-level medium if a deep, persistent hole is created in advance by another pump field in the inhomogeneously broadened absorption spectrum of this medium. Both fields are well separated in time and the lifetime of the hole is assumed to be long with respect to the delay time between the pump and probe pulses. We show that the group velocity of the Gaussian probe pulse reduces several orders in magnitude, similarly to the reduction of the group velocity for the probe field in electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) phenomena. In contrast to EIT, the width of the transparency window can be made very wide because of the saturation broadening of the hole.
A New Humanized HLA Transgenic Mouse Model of Multiple Sclerosis Expressing Class II on Mouse CD4 T Cells (2007)

Among all the genetic factors associated with susceptibility to multiple sclerosis (MS), the strongest association has been seen with expression of certain major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II molecules, although analysis of their exact function remains complicated. In general, the expression of class II is restricted to professional antigen-presenting cells; however, human but not mouse CD4+ T cells express class II on their surface. Functional studies of class II+ CD4+ T cells have been hampered due to lack of a proper animal model. Here, we describe development and characterization of a new humanized class II transgenic (tg) mouse expressing HLA-DR3 on mouse endogenous class II-negative background.
Production of Nd–Fe–B alloys by the glass slag method (2002)

The microstructures of the Nd–Fe–B alloy with the stoichiometric composition of Nd2Fe14B produced by the glass slag method were investigated. The Nd–Fe–B melts in the molten slag materials such as lead silicate glass, soda-lime glass, and Pyrex glass experienced a large undercooling over 160 K below solidification. When the Nd–Fe–B melts were solidified either in the molten lead silicate glass or in the molten soda-lime glass, the resultant Nd–Fe–B alloys had coarse dendrites of α-Fe phase together with grains of Nd2F14B. On the other hand, the Nd–Fe–B alloys exhibited columnar dendrite grains of Nd2Fe14B phase when the Nd–Fe–B melts were solidified in the molten Pyrex glass.
MEMS based polymeric H2 S gas sensor for agricultural applications (2020)

In this work, we demonstrate the development of a Microlectromechanical system (MEMS) based, cleanroom free fabricated, piezoresistive hydrogen sulfide (H <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> S) gas sensor using a flexible polyethylene terephthalate (PET) substrate. This relatively cheap, simple to use, calibration-free sensor is highly sensitive, selective and operates at ambient conditions of temperature and humidity. This gas sensor would be ideal for agricultural applications where farmers are at risk for exposure to toxic gases, particularly H <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> S exposure in manure pits and livestock work.
Stream analytics: modeling and evaluation (2014)

In this chapter we focus on the last two stages of the data mining process and examine techniques for modeling and evaluation. In many ways, these steps form the core of a mining task where automatic or semi-automatic analysis of streaming data is used to extract insights and actionable models. This process employs algorithms specially designed for different purposes, such as the identification of similar groups of data, of unusual groups of data, or of related data, whose associations were previously unknown.
Silicon heat pipes used as thermal spreaders (2003)

An increase in power densities in electronic devices is a direct consequence of their miniaturization and performance improvements. We propose the use of flat miniature heat pipes with micro capillary grooves to spread heat flux across a beat sink. Models of the structure were developed to calculate heat transfer limitations and temperature drops. A brass/water prototype was fabricated to demonstrate the feasibility of heat spreading using this type of heat pipe. Simulation and experimental results obtained with the prototype are described. The dissipated power reached 110 W/cm/sup 2/ without heat transfer limitations. The results are then extended to the design of this type of heat pipe in silicon. Thermal performance was calculated. Simulation, experimental results and the fabrication process are presented.
Reliability Testing of Seven Nondestructive Pavement Testing Devices (1989)

Nondestructive pavement testing devices produce and collect deflection data using methods unique to each device. Loadings are produced on various-sized loaded areas by vibratory motions of various loads and frequencies and also by dropping masses from various heights. Deflections are measured using various types of deflection sensors. Data from three vibratory loading and four falling weight loading nondestructive pavement testing devices are evaluated and compared for accuracy, reliability, and repeatability. The loading output of each device is compared to the output of a load cell placed under the loaded area. The output of the deflection gauges at varied load levels is compared to the output from both a linear variable differential transformer placed under the gauge and a transducer placed next to the gauge. The repeatability of each device to produce consistent and accurate data at one location on various pavement types is determined by loading that location many times in a short period of time. The long-term repeatability of each device is determined by loading a specific location many times over a long period of time. Conclusions are drawn for each device concerning its reliability for producing accurate loading and deflection output and its repeatability for producing accurate results over time.
12.4: 7 Inch Field Emission Backlight Unit Assembly Using TiO 2 Coated Spacer for LCD Panel (2009)

Abstract The field emission backlight unit (FEBLU) for liquid crystal display (LCD) panel was fabricated in this work. In order to avoid the space charge on the side of the spacer, the spacer is coated with the TiO 2 which acts as the charge leakage layer. By introducing of the TiO 2 coated spacers, the assembly of the FEBLU becomes very easy. We have developed the stable 7 inch FEBLU LCD panel which has no discharged breakdown. The FEBLU can be turn‐on at (E 0 )= 1.26 V/μm, working at 2.64 kV applied field.
The JPL electronic nose: Monitoring air in the U.S. Lab on the International Space Station (2010)

An electronic nose with a sensor array of 32 conductometric sensors has been developed at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) to monitor breathing air in spacecraft habitat. The Third Generation ENose is designed to operate in the environment of the U.S. Lab on the International Space Station (ISS). It detects a selected group of analytes at target concentrations in the ppm regime at an environmental temperature range of 18 - 30 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">ο</sup> C, relative humidity from 20 75% and pressure from 530 to 760 torr. The monitoring targets are anomalous events such as leaks and spills of solvents, coolants or other fluids. The JPL ENose operated as a technology demonstration for seven months in the U.S. Laboratory Destiny during 2008-2009. Analysis of ENose monitoring data shows that there was regular, periodic rise and fall of humidity and occasional releases of Freon 218 (perfluoropropane), formaldehyde, methanol and ethanol. There were also several events of unknown origin, half of them from the same source. Each event lasted from 20 to 100 minutes, consistent with the air replacement time in the U.S. Lab.
High-Capacity 5G Fronthaul Networks Based on Optical Space Division Multiplexing (2019)

The introduction of 5G mobile networks, bringing multi-Gbit/s user data rates and reduced latency, opens new opportunities for media generation, transport and distribution, as well as for new immersive media applications. The expected use of millimeter-wave carriers and the strong network densification resulting from a much reduced cell size-which enable the expected performance of 5G-pose major challenges to the fronthaul network. Space division multiplexing (SDM) in the optical domain has been suggested for ultra-high capacity fronthaul networks that naturally support different classes of fronthaul traffic and further enable the use of analog radio-over-fiber and advanced technologies, such as optical beamforming. This paper discusses the introduction of SDM with multi-core fibers in the fronthaul network as suggested by the blueSPACE project, regarding both digitized and analog radio-over-fiber fronthaul transport as well as the introduction of optical beamforming for high-capacity millimeter-wave radio access. Analog and digitized radio-over-fiber are discussed in a scenario featuring parallel fronthaul for different radio access technologies, showcasing their differences and potential when combined with SDM.
Synthesis and characterization of Lewis-base adducts of 1,1,1,5,5,5-hexafluoroacetylacetonatosilver(I) (1994)

The compounds [{Ag(hfacac)}mLn][hfacac = 1,1,1,5,5,5-hexafluoroacetylacetonate, L = norbornadiene (nbd), m= 2, n= 1; L = SMe2, SEt2, SPrn2 or SBUn2, m= 1, n= 1; L = 1,4-oxathiane. m= 1, n= 1 or 2] were prepared by the reaction between the Lewis bases, L, Hhfacac and Ag2O in the appropriate ratios. In addition, the intermediate [{Ag(hfacac)}2(H2O)], formed by the reaction of Ag2O with 2 equivalents of Hhfacac in the absence of L was isolated. These species were characterized by 1H and 13C NMR and Fourier-transform IR spectroscopy and by combustion elemental analysis. Three examples were structurally characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The compound [{Ag(hfacac)}2(H2O)] is oligomeric by virtue of intermolecular hydrogen bonding between the co-ordinated water molecule and the oxygen atoms in the hfacac ligand in an adjacent molecule. In addition there is a bonding interaction between the methine carbon in the hfacac ring of one molecule and the silver centre in an adjacent molecule. The compound [{Ag(hfacac)}2(nbd)] is dimeric leading to a tetranuclear molecular unit in which the hfacac ligands both chelate and bridge, with unidentate nbd ligands. The compound [Ag(hfacac)(C4H8OS)2] is monomeric in the solid state with the 1,4-oxathiane ligands co-ordinated to the silver(I) centre exclusively viathe S atoms. The silver has a severely distorted tetrahedral geometry with an enlarged S–Ag–S angle [149.6(1)°] and a reduced O–Ag–O angle [74.4(2)°] which is characteristic of (β-diketonato)bis(ligand)metal compounds where M = Ag or Cu.
Vision-Based Navigation for a Small Fixed-Wing Airplane in Urban Environment (2018)

An urban operation of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) demands a high level of autonomy for tasks presented in a cluttered environment. While fixed-wing UAVs are well suited for long-endurance missions at a high altitude, enabling them to navigate inside an urban area brings another level of challenges. Their inability to hover and low agility in motion cause more difficulties on finding a feasible path to move safely in a compact region, and the limited payload allows only low-grade sensors for state estimation and control. We address the problem of achieving vision-based autonomous navigation for a small fixed-wing in an urban area with contributions to the following several key topics. Firstly, for robust attitude estimation during dynamic maneuvering, we take advantage of the line regularity in an urban scene, which features vertical and horizontal edges of man-made structures. The sensor fusion with gravity-related line segments and gyroscopes in a Kalman filter can provide driftless and realtime attitude for ight stabilization. Secondly, as a prerequisite to sensor fusion, we present a convenient self-calibration scheme based on the factorization method. Natural references such as gravity, vertical edges, and distant scene points, available in urban fields, are sufficient to find intrinsic and extrinsic parameters of inertial and vision sensors. Lastly, to generate a dynamically feasible motion plan, we propose a discrete planning method that encodes a path into interconnections of finite trim states, which allow a significant dimension reduction of a search space and result in naturally implementable paths integrated with ight controllers. The most probable path to reach a target is computed by the Markov Decision Process with motion uncertainty due to wind, and a minimum target observation time is imposed on the final motion plan to consider a camera's limited field-of-view. In this thesis, the effectiveness of our vision-based navigation system is demonstrated by what we call an "air slalom" task in which the UAV must autonomously search and localize multiple gates, and pass through them sequentially. Experiment results with a 1m wing-span airplane show essential navigation capabilities demanded in urban operations such as maneuvering passageways between buildings.
Adaptive Parser-Centric Text Normalization (2013)

Text normalization is an important first step towards enabling many Natural Lan-guage Processing (NLP) tasks over infor-mal text. While many of these tasks, such as parsing, perform the best over fully grammatically correct text, most existing text normalization approaches narrowly define the task in the word-to-word sense; that is, the task is seen as that of mapping all out-of-vocabulary non-standard words to their in-vocabulary standard forms. In this paper, we take a parser-centric view of normalization that aims to convert raw informal text into grammatically correct text. To understand the real effect of nor-malization on the parser, we tie normal-ization performance directly to parser per-formance. Additionally, we design a cus-tomizable framework to address the often overlooked concept of domain adaptabil-ity, and illustrate that the system allows for transfer to new domains with a minimal amount of data and effort. Our experimen-tal study over datasets from three domains demonstrates that our approach outper-forms not only the state-of-the-art word-to-word normalization techniques, but also manual word-to-word annotations. 1
MH UNet: A Multi-Scale Hierarchical Based Architecture for Medical Image Segmentation (2021)

UNet and its variations achieve state-of-the-art performances in medical image segmentation. In end-to-end learning, the training with high-resolution medical images achieves higher accuracy for medical image segmentation. However, the network depth, a massive number of parameters, and low receptive fields are issues in developing deep architecture. Moreover, the lack of multi-scale contextual information degrades the segmentation performance due to the different sizes and shapes of regions of interest. The extraction and aggregation of multi-scale features play an important role in improving medical image segmentation performance. This paper introduces the MH UNet, a multi-scale hierarchical-based architecture for medical image segmentation that addresses the challenges of heterogeneous organ segmentation. To reduce the training parameters and increase efficient gradient flow, we implement densely connected blocks. Residual-Inception blocks are used to obtain full contextual information. A hierarchical block is introduced between the encoder-decoder for acquiring and merging features to extract multi-scale information in the proposed architecture. We implement and validate our proposed architecture on four challenging MICCAI datasets. Our proposed approach achieves state-of-the-art performance on the BraTS 2018, 2019, and 2020 <italic>Magnetic Resonance Imaging</italic> (MRI) validation datasets. Our approach is 14.05 times lighter than the best method of BraTS 2018. In the meantime, our proposed approach has 2.2 times fewer training parameters than the top 3D approach on the ISLES 2018 <italic>Computed Tomographic Perfusion</italic> (CTP) testing dataset. MH UNet is available at <uri>https://github.com/parvezamu/MHUnet</uri>.
Ku‐band multiway rectangular waveguide power divider (2010)

Abstract A novel multiway rectangular waveguide power divider using coaxial probe array has been presented. The model of the entire power divider has been introduced, and the effect of the higher order modes generated in the power divider has been discussed. A Ku‐band eight‐way rectangular waveguide power divider has been designed and fabricated. Good agreement between the simulated response and measurements was demonstrated. The measured 15‐dB return loss and 1‐dB insertion loss bandwidth of the power divider are all found to be about 7 GHz. The power divider developed is suitable for various applications of wide bandwidth. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 52:2560–2563, 2010; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.25542
Deoxyribonucleic Acid Flow Cytometry of Benign Prostatic Disease (1989)

Deoxyribonucleic acid flow cytometry was performed on aspirated prostatic cells from 198 patients who had benign cytological or histological findings. Unsatisfactory acellular histograms were obtained from 10.6 per cent of the cases. Three-fourths of the satisfactory samples (more than 5,000 cells after subtracting debris) showed the expected single peak deoxyribonucleic acid diploid to near diploid histograms. Unexpectedly, the remaining samples were deoxyribonucleic acid aneuploid, most having 2 peridiploid peaks (deoxyribonucleic acid index 0.82 to 1.31). Usually, proliferation was low with less than 20 per cent hyperdiploid cells and with 2.5 +/- 1.5 per cent G2 cells. In 10 per cent of the single peak histograms there was evidence of inflammation, identified as an increase in hyperdiploid cells without an increased percentage of G2 cells but with a tail of high channel values. The aforementioned histogram features were considered to be benign findings. Seven per cent of the samples had deoxyribonucleic acid histograms suggestive of prostate cancer. Of these samples 7 had diploid or peridiploid aneuploid histograms with high proliferation (more than 20 per cent hyperdiploid cells with 8.5 +/- 3.8 per cent G2 cells), while 5 had histograms with deoxyribonucleic acid aneuploidy other than peridiploidy.