gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Temporal representation impairment in developmental dyslexia for unisensory and multisensory stimuli (2020)

Dyslexia has been associated with a problem in visual-audio integration mechanisms. Here, we investigate for the first time the contribution of unisensory cues on multisensory audio and visual integration in 32 dyslexic children by modelling results using the Bayesian approach. Non-linguistic stimuli were used. Children performed a temporal task: they had to report whether the middle of three stimuli was closer in time to the first one or to the last one presented. Children with dyslexia, compared with typical children, exhibited poorer unimodal thresholds, requiring greater temporal distance between items for correct judgements, while multisensory thresholds were well predicted by the Bayesian model. This result suggests that the multisensory deficit in dyslexia is due to impaired audio and visual inputs rather than impaired multisensory processing per se. We also observed that poorer temporal skills correlated with lower reading skills in dyslexic children, suggesting that this temporal capability can be linked to reading abilities.
Changes in Circulating and Testicular Levels of Inhibin A and B During Postnatal Development in Bulls (2006)

We investigated testicular and circulating levels of dimeric inhibins in Holstein bulls from the infantile to postpubertal periods (5 to 50 weeks of age) and examined the relationship between the profiles of circulating dimeric inhibins and FSH. Concentrations of total inhibin and inhibin B in the testis were highest at 4 to 5 weeks of age but decreased gradually as the bulls aged. Testicular inhibin A levels showed a gradual decline to a nadir at 15 to 26 weeks of age, but by 39 weeks, they were high again. The contents of total inhibin, inhibin A, and inhibin B per testis generally increased with age. Fractionation of testicular homogenates obtained from 15-week-old bulls by a combination of immunoaffinity chromatography and SDS-PAGE confirmed the presence of two major molecular weight forms (32 and 45 kDa) of dimeric inhibins in the testes. Circulating levels of total inhibin and inhibin A showed a significant increase in bulls at around 10 to 14 weeks of age compared to the levels between 5 and 7 weeks of age but decreased thereafter. However, immunoreactivity for inhibin B was not detected in the peripheral circulation, probably because of low sensitivity of the inhibin B assays. The concentrations of plasma FSH were high at 5 weeks of age but declined to lower levels between 11 and 40 weeks, and then increased from 41 weeks onward. There was no significant correlation between the plasma levels of FSH and inhibin A or total inhibin. The results clearly indicate that the bull testis produces inhibin A and B and secretes at least inhibin A into the circulation during postnatal development. However, the profile of circulating FSH in bulls shows no reciprocal relationship with the inhibin A or total inhibin profile during the postnatal period.
Intravenous Ancrod for Treatment of Acute Ischemic Stroke (2000)

In this study, ancrod had a favorable benefit-risk profile for patients with acute ischemic stroke.
Stability of a Current-Carrying Plasma (1961)

The critical current is obtained for the onset of ion wave instability in the experimentally interesting case of a current-carrying plasma with an electron distribution function given by the conductivity theory of Spitzer and Härm. The results are presented in a form suitable for comparison with experiment.
Does Obesity Affect Surgical Outcomes in Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis? (2008)

Overweight adolescents (BMI % >or=85) had a greater thoracic kyphosis before surgery compared with their healthy weight peers. Body mass, however, did not affect the ability to achieve coronal or sagittal scoliotic deformity correction, and did not increase perioperative morbidity or mortality. These findings were either influenced by the small sample size of this cohort, or because the comorbidities responsible for increased perioperative complications in adults, had not yet developed in this adolescent population.
Protein design and engineering of a de novo pathway for microbial production of 1,3‐propanediol from glucose (2014)

Protein engineering to expand the substrate spectrum of native enzymes opens new possibilities for bioproduction of valuable chemicals from non-natural pathways. No natural microorganism can directly use sugars to produce 1,3-propanediol (PDO). Here, we present a de novo route for the biosynthesis of PDO from sugar, which may overcome the mentioned limitations by expanding the homoserine synthesis pathway. The accomplishment of pathway from homoserine to PDO is achieved by protein engineering of glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) and pyruvate decarboxylase to sequentially convert homoserine to 4-hydroxy-2-ketobutyrate and 3-hydroxypropionaldehyde. The latter is finally converted to PDO by using a native alcohol dehydrogenase. In this work, we report on experimental accomplishment of this non-natural pathway, especially by protein engineering of GDH for the key step of converting homoserine to 4-hydroxy-2-ketobutyrate. These results show the feasibility and significance of protein engineering for de novo pathway design and overproduction of desired industrial products.
Infertility, assisted reproduction technologies and imprinting disturbances: a Dutch study (2007)

After correction for the increased fertility problems of the parents, there is no increased incidence of ART related birth of AS, PWS or BWS children. ART does not seem to have a direct effect on the increase of imprinted diseases.
Phase‐Transition Interlayer Enables High‐Performance Solid‐State Sodium Batteries with Sulfide Solid Electrolyte (2021)

Abstract All‐solid‐state sodium (Na) batteries (ASSSBs) using sulfide‐based solid electrolytes (SEs) have attracted intensive attention due to their superior safety, high energy density, and low cost. However, the interfacial issue is one of the biggest challenges to achieve high‐performance sulfide‐based ASSSBs due to the serious reactions between active Na metal and sulfide SEs at the interface. To address the interfacial challenges, a simple and efficient approach by introducing a phase transition polymer electrolyte as an interlayer to stabilize the interface is proposed. Na 3 SbS 4 as a model sulfide SE is used to demonstrate the interlayer strategy to stabilize the interface by preventing the detrimental reactions and inhibiting Na dendrites. As a result, stable Na plating/stripping is observed in Na symmetric cells under the current density of 0.1 mA cm −2 . Moreover, ASSSBs with Na metal and TiS 2 electrode deliver long‐term stability over 300 cycles remaining a specific capacity above 100 mAh g −1 , and FeS 2 ||Na cells exhibit an impressive specific capacity of up to 200 mAh g −1 after the 20th cycles. This study demonstrates an efficient strategy to address interfacial challenges between sulfide SEs and Na metal, which contributes to the development of ASSSBs in next‐generation energy storage systems.
Designing for Material Separation: Lessons From Automotive Recycling (1998)

Virtually all of the material in today’s automobiles can technically be recycled. The challenge facing engineers is making this recycling process economical, especially for materials in such components as seats and instrument panels. Recycling these components requires the different materials to be separated so that each can be recycled individually. This separation can be accomplished either manually, where workers disassembly and sort the vehicle components by hand, or mechanically, where the vehicle is shredded and the materials sorted by properties such as conductivity and density. In this paper, the usefulness of including likely separation techniques in DFR guidelines is discussed. Three vehicles were dismantled at the VRDC as part of an effort to establish a baseline of current vehicle recyclability. Concurrently, this allowed examination of the effectiveness of the early design for recycling (DFR) efforts. The applicability of common design guidelines to the two types of separation is discussed, and a simple method for determining the appropriate separation process in the early stages of design is presented.
Association between frailty and carotid intima media thickness and inflammatory marker in an elderly population (2017)

The present study showed the epidemiology of frailty, and the strong connection to aging, increased CIMT, enhanced inflammation and decreased femoral neck BMD. These results suggested that preclinical atherosclerosis, inflammation and femoral neck BMD were potentially modifiable risk factors for frailty. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2017; 17: 2449-2454.
Final Technical Report - Development of a tunable diode laser induced fluorescence diagnostic for the Princeton magnetic nozzle experiment: West Virginia University and Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory (2006)

This project involves the construction of a compact, portable, laser induced fluorescence (LIF) diagnostic for measurements of neutral helium, neutral argon, and argon ion velocity space distributions in a high density, steady state, helicon source. The project is collaborative effort between the Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory (PPPL) and the West Virginia University (WVU) helicon source group. A key feature of the diagnostic system will be the use of tunable diode lasers instead of the tunable dye lasers typically used in LIF experiments.
Characterization of a Fractured Reservoir Using Distributed Acoustic Sensing VSP: A Model-Based Study (2017)

Distributed acoustic sensing (DAS) technology offers the time-lapse capability of monitoring hydraulic fracturing and reservoir depletion processes. This paper uses a model-based study to explore the feasibility of using DAS VSP to detect and characterize fracture-induced azimuthal variation in P-wave reflection amplitude. The study particularly focuses on seismic amplitude versus offset and azimuth (AVOAz) to answer two questions: (1) what fracture-induced seismic responses may be detectable by a 3-D DAS VSP survey, and (2) how shots can be arranged to detect such seismic responses and image the extent of fractures. Ray-trace modeling was conducted to explore P-wave reflection and reflection-angle coverage for a layered model with a fractured reservoir. Waveform data were simulated for two types of fracture models using full-elastic, anisotropic algorithms. Analyses of the reflection amplitude variation with offset and azimuth revealed distinctive patterns for the two fracture models. These patterns of amplitude variation can be used to detect fractures if the fractures have uniform density and similar orientation around the well. Presentation Date: Tuesday, September 26, 2017 Start Time: 8:55 AM Location: 371A Presentation Type: ORAL
Preliminary Study of Optimization of Normal Pulse Voltammetry for Actinide Measurement in Molten Salt Electrorefiners Using LiCl-KCl-UCl3-MgCl2as a Surrogate Salt (2017)

Normal pulse voltammetry has been applied and optimized to develop correlations between diffusional current and concentration for UCl3 and MgCl2 in molten eutectic LiCl-KCl. This method was selected to mitigate working electrode area growth in concentrated molten salt mixtures in which a fairly wide potential range is needed to analyze all actinides. MgCl2 has been selected as a surrogate for PuCl3 based on similar standard reduction potential. Diffusional current plateaus were successfully attained by adjusting the step size to 0.03 V. Relaxation time of 15 seconds was found to be sufficient to recover after each pulse. A matrix of mixtures were prepared and tested with UCl3 concentration varying between 1 to 9 wt% and MgCl2 concentration varying between 0.3 and 1.5 wt%. The measured diffusional currents correlated well with concentration and matched a model that includes both diffusion and migration from the bulk molten salt to the working electrode surface. Concentrations of MgCl2 do not appear to affect the UCl3 diffusional current and vice versa. This is, thus, a promising method for simultaneous analysis of UCl3 and PuCl3 in molten salt electrolytes used for spent nuclear fuel electrorefining.
Hyperleukocytosis: A report of five cases and review of the literature (2014)

Hyperleukocytosis (white blood cell count, >100×10<sup>9</sup>/l), an uncommon presentation of leukemia, is associated with an increased risk of early mortality. It may present with a variety of symptoms secondary to leukostasis, a syndrome caused by the sludging of circulating leukemic blasts in the microvasculature. Adequate measures for managing this medical emergency include hydration, cytoreduction, prevention of tumor lysis and, rarely, leukapheresis in cases complicated by leukostasis and hyperviscosity syndrome. The present study reports a case series of five patients with hyperleukocytic leukemia. In addition, a review of the literature with regard to the incidence, pathophysiology, clinical manifestations and management of this laboratory abnormality is included. This study demonstrated that the central nervous system and lungs are the most common sites for leukostasis, and that emergency cases require aggressive treatment.
Materials and design concepts for an intervertebral disc spacer. I. Fiber‐reinforced composite design (1994)

The intervertebral disc is a complex joint anatomically and functionally. It may be displaced or damaged due to trauma or a disease process. To alleviate this condition, it may be necessary to remove the involved disc surgically and fuse the two adjacent vertebrae. Fusion is one option; however, replacing the damaged disc (or part thereof) with a suitable synthetic equivalent to allow near normal joint motion is more desirable. Unfortunately, the complex mechanical properties of the lumbar disc cannot be duplicated with homogeneous synthetic materials (polymers). To overcome this fundamental problem we have developed rational designs utilizing biocompatible thermoplastic elastomers of various stiffnesses (durometers) with and without fiber reinforcements. Our design consisted of three components analogous to the natural end plates, annulus, and nucleus. In this study only the fiber-reinforced design is considered. The variables examined in the present study included orientation of the fiber layers, number of fiber layers, and order of the reinforcing layers. The results of mechanical testing of the fiber reinforced disc spacer indicate that the range of compressive and torsional properties can be achieved. The results further demonstrate that properly developed, this design results in properties similar to the natural disc. Designs developed provided adequate compression and compression torsion properties for a synthetic spine disc spacer.
Photosynthetic biofilms in pure culture harness solar energy in a mediatorless bio-photovoltaic cell (BPV) system (2011)

Microbial fuel cells are an emerging technology for converting organic substrates into electrical power. Recent research has shown that biofilms of some bacterial species are capable of self-mediated extracellular electron transfer. The prospect of exploiting this trait in photoautotrophic microbes that do not require an organic substrate has important implications for the future development of renewable solar energy technologies. Here we report on light-driven electrical power generated with biofilms grown from photosynthetic fresh water or marine species without the addition of an artificial electron-shuttling mediator. Green alga (Chlorella vulgaris, Dunaliella tertiolecta) or cyanobacteria (Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803, Synechococcus sp. WH 5701) strains were grown directly on a transparent, conductive anode (indium tin oxide-coated polyethylene terephthalate) and power generation under light and dark conditions was evaluated using a single-chamber bio-photovoltaic cell (BPV) system. Increased power outputs were observed for all strains upon illumination, with the largest light effect observed for Synechococcus (maximum 10.3 mW m−2 total power output recorded under 10 W m−2 white light). Further experiments conducted with Synechococcus and C. vulgaris showed that photosynthetic oxygen evolution rates were consistent with BPV power outputs under different light regimes (red, green and blue light), indicating a direct link between power output and photosynthetic activity. Biofilm power generation in these BPV devices was self-sustained for several weeks and was highly sensitive to ambient light levels. When connected in series, four BPVs (each 0.011 m2) generated enough power to run a commercial digital clock.
Ex vivo expanded unselected peripheral blood: progenitor cells reduce posttransplantation neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, and anemia in patients with breast cancer (2000)

The safety and efficacy of administering ex vivo expanded peripheral blood progenitor cells (PBPC) to patients with breast cancer who undergo high-dose chemotherapy and PBPC transplantation was investigated. Unselected PBPC were cultured in gas-permeable bags containing 1-L serum-free media, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, stem cell factor, and pegylated megakaryocyte growth and development factor for 9 days. Cell dose cohorts were assigned to have between 2 and 24 × 109 PBPC cultured at 1, 2, or 3 × 106 cells/mL. Twenty-four patients received high-dose chemotherapy followed by infusion of the cultured PBPC and at least 5 × 106 CD34+ uncultured cryopreserved PBPC per kilogram. No toxicities resulted from infusions of the ex vivo expanded PBPC. The study patients had shorter times to neutrophil (P = .0001) and platelet (P = .01) recovery and fewer red cell transfusions (P = .02) than 48 historical controls who received the same conditioning regimen and posttransplantation care and at least 5 × 106CD34+ PBPC per kilogram. Improvements in all these endpoints were significantly correlated with the expanded cell dose. Nine of 24 (38%) patients recovered neutrophil counts above 500/μL by day 5 or 6 after transplantation, whereas none of the controls had neutrophil recovery before the eighth day. Seven (29%) patients had neutropenia for 3 or fewer days, and 9 (38%) patients did not experience neutropenic fevers or require broad-spectrum antibiotics. Therefore, ex vivo expanded PBPC are capable of ameliorating posttransplantation neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, and anemia in patients receiving high-dose chemotherapy.
3D gel printing for soft-matter systems innovation (2015)

In the past decade, several high-strength gels have been developed, especially from Japan. These gels are expected to use as a kind of new engineering materials in the fields of industry and medical as substitutes to polyester fibers, which are materials of artificial blood vessels. We consider if various gel materials including such high-strength gels are 3D-printable, many new soft and wet systems will be developed since the most intricate shape gels can be printed regardless of the quite softness and brittleness of gels. Recently we have tried to develop an optical 3D gel printer to realize the free-form formation of gel materials. We named this apparatus Easy Realizer of Soft and Wet Industrial Materials (SWIM-ER). The SWIM-ER will be applied to print bespoke artificial organs, including artificial blood vessels, which will be possibly used for both surgery trainings and actual surgery. The SWIM-ER can print one of the world strongest gels, called Double-Network (DN) gels, by using UV irradiation through an optical fiber. Now we also are developing another type of 3D gel printer for foods, named E-Chef. We believe these new 3D gel printers will broaden the applications of soft-matter gels.
3D Camera Tracking for Mixed Reality using Multi-Sensors Technology (2012)

The concept of Mixed Reality (MR) aims at completing our perception of the real world, by adding fictitious elements that are not perceptible naturally such as: computer generated images, virtual objects, texts, symbols, graphics, sounds, smells, et cetera. One of the major challenges for efficient Mixed Reality system is to ensure the spatiotemporal coherence of the augmented scene between the virtual and the real objects. The quality of the Real/Virtual registration depends mainly on the accuracy of the 3D camera pose estimation. The goal of this chapter is to provide an overview on the recent multi-sensor fusion approaches used in Mixed Reality systems for the 3D camera tracking. We describe the main sensors used in those approaches and we detail the issues surrounding their use (calibration process, fusion strategies, etc.). We include the description of some Mixed Reality techniques developed these last years and which use multi-sensor technology. Finally, we highlight new directions and open problems in this research field.
Abstract IA08: Hypoxia, metabolism, and tumor progression (2016)

Abstract Solid tumors typically develop hostile microenvironments characterized by irregular vascularization and poor oxygen (O2) and nutrient supply. Whereas normal cells modulate anabolic and catabolic pathways in response to changes in nutrient availability, cancer cells exhibit unregulated growth even under nutrient scarcity. Recent studies have demonstrated that constitutive activation of growth-promoting pathways results in dependence on unsaturated fatty acids for survival under O2 deprivation. In cancer cells, this dependence represents a critical metabolic vulnerability that could be exploited therapeutically. I will review how this dependence on unsaturated lipids is affected by the microenvironmental conditions faced by cancer cells. Citation Format: M Celeste Simon. Hypoxia, metabolism, and tumor progression. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Fourth AACR International Conference on Frontiers in Basic Cancer Research; 2015 Oct 23-26; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(3 Suppl):Abstract nr IA08.
Two-Dimensional Transition Metal Carbides (2012)

Herein we report on the synthesis of two-dimensional transition metal carbides and carbonitrides by immersing select MAX phase powders in hydrofluoric acid, HF. The MAX phases represent a large (>60 members) family of ternary, layered, machinable transition metal carbides, nitrides, and carbonitrides. Herein we present evidence for the exfoliation of the following MAX phases: Ti(2)AlC, Ta(4)AlC(3), (Ti(0.5),Nb(0.5))(2)AlC, (V(0.5),Cr(0.5))(3)AlC(2), and Ti(3)AlCN by the simple immersion of their powders, at room temperature, in HF of varying concentrations for times varying between 10 and 72 h followed by sonication. The removal of the "A" group layer from the MAX phases results in 2-D layers that we are labeling MXenes to denote the loss of the A element and emphasize their structural similarities with graphene. The sheet resistances of the MXenes were found to be comparable to multilayer graphene. Contact angle measurements with water on pressed MXene surfaces showed hydrophilic behavior.
Space-Efficient Storage Management in an Attribute Grammar Evaluator (1981)

A space-efficient strategy for storing attributes during evaluation of an attribute grammar is presented. Attributes are classified as either one-pass or multipass. One-pass attributes are stored on a pushdown stack, and their storage is freed when no longer needed. Examination of extant grammars shows that a vast majority of attributes are indeed one-pass, and therefore the scheme presented can greatly reduce the storage requirements of an attribute grammar evaluator. Several approaches to storage management for multipass attributes are also presented. Data for several grammars are collected and used to show the effectiveness of the proposed storage management scheme.