gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Potential medicinal value of some South African seaweeds (2003)

Eleven macroalgae were collected from the KwaZulu-Natal coast and nineteen species from the cooler Western Cape coast in March and April 2000. Ethanolic and aqueous extracts were made and tested for biological activity in the Cox-1 anti-inflammatory assay, in a nematode mortality bioassay for anthelminthic activity, an IC50 anticancer assay and a MIC antimicrobial assay. The ethanolic extracts were very active in the Cox-1 anti-inflammatory assay for almost all of the species tested. The aqueous extracts were not active. No anthelminthic mortality was detected in extracts from any of the species tested. Many of the extracts had cytotoxic activity against three cancer cell lines tested, with those from representative species of the Chlorophyta and Rhodophyta being the most effective. The extracts had much lower cytotoxic activity when tested on normal mouse fibroblasts (NIH3T3). Extracts from only a few species had antimicrobial activity with those of the Chlorophyta tested being the most effective against both the Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.
<title>High-power switching with electron-beam-controlled semiconductors</title> (1991)

Measurements and model calculations on semi-insulating GaAs as material for optically and electron-beam controlled semiconductor switches have shown that the steady state current is a strongly nonlinear function of both the applied voltage and the radiation intensity. The nonlinear shape of these curves can be influenced over a wide range by doping with suitable deep acceptors or donors, a result which opens the possibility of "tailoring" the materials to meet specific demands. As an example, it is discussed how a current-controlled negative differential conductivity due to Cu-doping can be utilized for a fast (sub-nanosecond) e-beam controlled switch which operates at low dark current, high hold-off voltage and a forward resistance which lies considerably below the lock-on resistance.
Single-Molecule Analysis of Bacterial DNA Repair and Mutagenesis (2017)

Ubiquitous conserved processes that repair DNA damage are essential for the maintenance and propagation of genomes over generations. Then again, inaccuracies in DNA transactions and failures to remove mutagenic lesions cause heritable genome changes. Building on decades of research using genetics and biochemistry, unprecedented quantitative insight into DNA repair mechanisms has come from the new-found ability to measure single proteins in vitro and inside individual living cells. This has brought together biologists, chemists, engineers, physicists, and mathematicians to solve long-standing questions about the way in which repair enzymes search for DNA lesions and form protein complexes that act in DNA repair pathways. Furthermore, unexpected discoveries have resulted from capabilities to resolve molecular heterogeneity and cell subpopulations, provoking new questions about the role of stochastic processes in DNA repair and mutagenesis. These studies are leading to new technologies that will find widespread use in basic research, biotechnology, and medicine.
The research and design of object container technique (2012)

Object-oriented models cannot fit very well with relational models. This mismatch leads to time-consuming work for designers when saving and storing objects in relational databases. To solve the problem, this paper put forward data class object container method. This object container encapsulates direct access to the database in a base class and provides generic interface services. Objects derive from this base class to form specific data classes, and therefore, the data class container is created. By this means, the coupling between object models and the relational database can be greatly reduced.
347 A Study on Self-powered Ankle Foot Orthosis (2006)

Many hemiplegias use Ankle-foot orthosis to prevent stumble and falling when they walk. In order to support natural walking of hemiplegias, a new self-powered semi-active ankle foot orthosis including a DC motor and step-up chopper circuit used to regenerate energy is developed. The charged voltage is obtained by simulation and the experiment circuit under various conditions. And gait experiment using this ankle foot orthosis are carried out. From the experimental results, it can be seen that this system can generate 80 percent of the consumed electric power.
Salicylhydrazine-Containing Inhibitors of HIV-1 Integrase:  Implication for a Selective Chelation in the Integrase Active Site (1998)

In previous studies we identified N,N'-bis(salicylhydrazine) (1) as a lead compound against purified recombinant HIV-1 integrase. We have now expanded upon these earlier observations and tested 45 novel hydrazides. Among the compounds tested, 11 derivatives exhibited 50% inhibitory concentrations (IC50) of less than 3 microM. A common feature for activity among these inhibitors is the hydroxyl group of the salicyl moiety. Although the active inhibitors must contain this hydroxyl group, other structural modifications can also influence potency. Removal of this hydroxyl group or replacement with an amino, bromo, fluoro, carboxylic acid, or ethyl ether totally abolished potency against integrase. Several asymmetric structures exhibited similar potency to the symmetric lead inhibitor 1. The superimposition of the lowest-energy conformations upon one another revealed three sites whose properties appear important for ligand binding. Site A is composed of the 2-hydroxyphenyl, the alpha-keto, and the hydrazine moieties in a planar conformation. We propose that this site could interact with HIV-1 integrase by chelation of the metal in the integrase active site as inhibition of HIV-1 integrase catalytic activity and DNA binding were strictly Mn2+-dependent. The hydrophobic sites B and C are probably responsible for complementarity of molecular shape between ligand and receptor. Our data indicate that only those compounds which possessed sites A, B, and C in a linear orientation were potent inhibitors of HIV-1 integrase. Although all the active inhibitors possessed considerable cytotoxicity and no apparent antiviral activity in CEM cells, the study presents useful information regarding ligand interaction with HIV-1 integrase protein.
Respiratory Patterns Associated with Swallowing: Part 1. The Normal Adult Pattern and Changes with Age (1989)

Simple, non-invasive equipment was designed to record respiratory patterns associated with swallowing food or drink in young and elderly healthy adults, to compare with neurologically impaired patients who complained of dysphagia. The timing of the entry of the test drink from a spoon into the mouth, the swallow event and respiration were recorded electronically and were presented in chart form. The equipment proved to be easy to use and the results were consistent. All 33 subjects showed a well-defined respiratory pattern, with individual minor variations, but different from the pattern of their resting respiration. The direction of respiration during spoon contact was consistent for each individual and the pharyngeal stage of swallowing was almost always followed by a large expiration. Thus the resting respiration is not simply arrested during swallowing, but is substituted by a different, well-controlled pattern.
Maximizing lifetime in an energy constrained wireless sensor array using team optimization of cooperating systems (2003)

For omnidirectional wireless broadcast, if a node has sufficient power to broadcast to another node, it also has the ability to broadcast to all closer nodes. This is the advantage of wireless. For the broadcast problem, one node (the source) is required to communicate to all other nodes, by a single transmission to the farthest node or using intermediate hop nodes. For a given node constellation, there exist many wireless connection trees to do this. For a known node constellation, the maximum lifetime of a single tree is equal to the minimum battery life of all the nodes. The battery life is determined by the power, if any, expanded by each node. Reaching nodes far remote takes more power. The broadcast lifetime can be significantly increased by using a plurality of trees switching from tree to tree in accordance to a prescribed duty cycle. Using the viability lemma, we propose an evolutionary team optimization of cooperating systems to determine the best team of broadcast trees - along with specified duty cycles - to maximize the lifetime of a given node constellation with specified battery reserves.
DUV phase mask for 100 nm period grating printing (2008)

Whereas microelectronic lithography is heading to the 32 nm node and discussing immersion and double-patterning strategies, there is much which can be done with the 45 nm node in microoptics for white light processing. For instance, one of the most demanding applications in terms of achievable period is the LCD lossless polarizer, which can transmit the TM polarization and reflect the TE polarization evenly all through the visible spectrum - provided that a 1D metal grid of 100 nm period can be fabricated. The manufacture of such polarizing panels cannot resort to the step & repeat cameras of microelectronics since the substrates are too large, too thin, too wavy and full of contaminants. There is therefore a need for specific fabrication techniques. It is one of these techniques that a subgroup of partners belonging to two of the Networks of Excellence of the European Community, NEMO and ePIXnet, have decided to explore together.
Control of Mitotic Events by Nap1 and the Gin4 Kinase (1997)

Little is known about the pathways used by cyclins and cyclin-dependent kinases to induce the events of the cell cycle. In budding yeast, a protein called Nap1 binds to the mitotic cyclin Clb2, and Nap1 is required for the ability of Clb2 to induce specific mitotic events, but the role played by Nap1 is unclear. We have used genetic and biochemical approaches to identify additional proteins that function with Nap1 in the control of mitotic events. These approaches have both identified a protein kinase called Gin4 that is required for the ability of Clb2 and Nap1 to promote the switch from polar to isotropic bud growth that normally occurs during mitosis. Gin4 is also required for the ability of Clb2 and Nap1 to promote normal progression through mitosis. The Gin4 protein becomes phosphorylated as cells enter mitosis, resulting in the activation of Gin4 kinase activity, and the phosphorylation of Gin4 is dependent upon Nap1 and Clb2 in vivo. Affinity chromatography experiments demonstrate that Gin4 binds tightly to Nap1, indicating that the functions of these two proteins are closely tied within the cell. These results demonstrate that the activation of Gin4 is under the control of Clb2 and Nap1, and they provide an important step towards elucidating the molecular pathways that link cyclin-dependent kinases to the events they control.
Early-Stage Gallbladder Cancer in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Database (2011)

Extended surgical resection, LN excision, or both may improve survival in certain patients with incidentally discovered gallbladder cancer.
Development of a VRML/Java unmanned airship simulating environment (2003)

We present one of the first Internet-accessible airship simulators, based on a comprehensive airship dynamic model. The simulator is meant to be used as a tool for the development of control and navigation methods for autonomous and semi-autonomous robotic airships and as testbed for airship pilot training. Realistic views of both the airship in flight and that of a virtual pilot are provided, as are commands to apply thrust to the engines, swivel them up and down, and deflect the control surfaces. This work is significant for providing robotics researchers with means to safely experiment with airship control.
Software exploitable hardware Trojans in embedded processor (2012)

Growing threat of hardware Trojan attacks in untrusted foundry or design house has motivated researchers around the world to analyze the threat and develop effective countermeasures. In this paper, we focus on analyzing a specific class of hardware Trojans in embedded processor that can be enabled by software or data to leak critical information. These Trojans pose a serious threat in pervasively deployed embedded systems. An attacker can trigger these Trojans to extract valuable information from a system during field deployment. We show that an adversary can design a low-overhead hard-to-detect Trojan that can leak either secret keys stored in a processor, the code running in it, or the data being processed.
Electrical aspects of the Livermore 2XIIB containment magnet and associated equipment (1973)

From 5th symposium on engineering problems of fusion research; Princeton, New Jersey, USA (6 Nov 1973). In order to extend the present understanding of mirror containment, the 2XII experiment is being extensively modified. The new experiment, designated 2XIIB, includes new minimum-B containment coils, a new gate coil, a new vacuum chamber, and miscellaneous other components. The existing capacitor banks are being modified for higher-voltage operation to decrease the risetime of the magnetic field. The electrical considerations involved in this program are described. (auth)
ChemInform Abstract: Difficult Substrates in the R‐Hydroxynitrile Lyase Catalyzed Hydrocyanation Reaction: Application of the Mass Transfer Limitation Principle in a Two‐Phase System. (2001)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Novel, Potent, and Radio-Iodinatable Somatostatin Receptor 1 (sst1) Selective Analogues (2009)

The proposed sst(1) pharmacophore (J. Med. Chem. 2005, 48, 523-533) derived from the NMR structures of a family of mono- and dicyclic undecamers was used to design octa-, hepta-, and hexamers with high affinity and selectivity for the somatostatin sst(1) receptor. These compounds were tested for their in vitro binding properties to all five somatostatin (SRIF) receptors using receptor autoradiography; those with high SRIF receptor subtype 1 (sst(1)) affinity and selectivity were shown to be agonists when tested functionally in a luciferase reporter gene assay. Des-AA(1,4-6,10,12,13)-[DTyr(2),DAgl(NMe,2naphthoyl)(8),IAmp(9)]-SRIF-Thr-NH(2) (25) was radio-iodinated ((125)I-25) and specifically labeled sst(1)-expressing cells and tissues. 3D NMR structures were calculated for des-AA(1,4-6,10,12,13)-[DPhe(2),DTrp(8),IAmp(9)]-SRIF-Thr-NH(2) (16), des-AA(1,2,4-6,10,12,13)-[DAgl(NMe,2naphthoyl)(8),IAmp(9)]-SRIF-Thr-NH(2) (23), and des-AA(1,2,4-6,10,12,13)-[DAgl(NMe,2naphthoyl)(8),IAmp(9),Tyr(11)]-SRIF-NH(2) (27) in DMSO. Though the analogues have the sst(1) pharmacophore residues at the previously determined distances from each other, the positioning of the aromatic residues in 16, 23, and 27 is different from that described earlier, suggesting an induced fit mechanism for sst(1) binding of these novel, less constrained sst(1)-selective family members.
Augmented encrypted key exchange (1993)

The encrypted key exchange (EKE) protocol is augmented so that hosts do not store cleartext passwords. Consequently, adversaries who obtain the one-way encrypted password file may (i) successfully mimic (spoof) the host to the user, and (ii) mount dictionary attacks against the encrypted passwords, but cannot mimic the user to the host. Moreover, the important security properties of EKE are preserved—an active network attacker obtains insufficient information to mount dictionary attacks. Two ways to accomplish this are shown, one using digital signatures and one that relies on a family of commutative one-way functions.
Vaginal Lactobacillus microbiota of healthy women in the late first trimester of pregnancy (2007)

Our results may have implications on the composition and on the use of Lactobacillus preparations for the prevention of recurrent vaginal infection.
Popularity and Size-Aware Caching With Cooperative Transmission in Hybrid Microwave/ Millimeter Wave Heterogeneous Networks (2021)

In this paper, a file popularity and size-aware (PSA) caching scheme is proposed for a hybrid heterogeneous network (HetNet) comprising a file server, macro base stations (BSs) operating in the microwave frequency bands, and pico BSs operating in the millimeter wave frequency wave bands. Different than the state-of-the-art size-weighted popularity (SWP) and popularity-based caching schemes that assume equal file size, the file PSA caching scheme utilizes knowledge of the file popularity and size distributions to maximize the network average cache hit probability and the network average success probability subject to the available cache capacity. Moreover, the maximization of the network average success probability is shown to be non-convex and dynamic programming and branch and bound algorithms are employed to circumvent its convexity. New expressions for the optimal file caching probabilities that maximize the network average success probability in noise-limited and interference-limited HetNet scenarios are provided which are evaluated using numerical techniques. The results demonstrate that the proposed file PSA caching scheme provides up to 7% gain in the network average success probability compared to the SWP-based scheme. Lastly, the combination of coded caching with cooperative transmission achieves up to 40% gain compared to a non-cooperative transmission scheme without coded caching.
Unusual conformational stability of a sterically crowded atropisomer of methyl[α4-5,10,15,20-tetrakis(2′-phenylphenyl)porphyrinato]aluminium: a possibility of CH–π bonding interactions in organometallic porphyrin systems (1995)

Through conformational studies on the topologically well-defined atropisomeric systems of organo-aluminium and -cobalt porphyrins, e.g. methyl[α4-5,10,15,20-tetrakis(2′-phenylphenyl)porphyrinato]aluminium (α4-1a), the presence of intramolecular CH–π bonding interactions are indicated between alkyl groups bonded to the central metal atoms and aromatic rings located at the ortho position of the meso phenyl substituents upon proximal orientation.
GPIHBP1 and the processing of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins (2010)

GPIHBP1 is a new addition to a group of proteins required for the lipolysis of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins. GPIHBP1 contains an acidic domain and an Ly6 domain with ten cysteines. GPIHBP1 binds lipoprotein lipase (LPL) avidly and likely tethers LPL to the luminal surface of capillaries.Inactivation of Gpihbp1 in mice is associated with milky plasma and severe chylomicronemia, even on a low-fat chow diet. Recently, four missense mutations in GPIHBP1 were identified in humans with severe chylomicronemia (C65Y, C65S, C68G, and Q115P). All four mutations involve highly conserved residues within GPIHBP1's Ly6 domain.This review will provide an update on GPIHBP1's role in the processing of chylomicrons and the pathogenesis of chylomicronemia.
An architectural development for energy conversion materials: morphology-conserved transformation synthesis of manganese oxides and their application in lithium ion batteries (2013)

A facile and effective redox reaction is developed to build various morphologies and crystal phases of manganese-based compounds by using two kinds of raw material, D-maltose and KMnO4. Interestingly, not only different morphologies, but also different crystal phases could be precisely tailored by adjusting the mass ratio of D-maltose to KMnO4. After thorough analysis of the observations, a reasonable formation mechanism is proposed to offer physico-chemical insight, while promoting opportunities to explore novel properties of manganese oxides for the fabrication of important functional devices. To demonstrate the process–structure–property relationship of the as-prepared nanomaterials, various morphologies of α-Mn2O3, including cubic, spindle and fusiform were used for lithium ion batteries. The results indicate that the improved material morphology and porous structure can significantly improve the discharge capacity and cycling stability.
Memory for post-surgical denial pain (1984)

1Clinical Pain Section, NAB, KIDR, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20205 USA 2Dept. of Psychology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 2I218, U.S.A.
Development of a Wearable Glucose Sensor; Studies in Healthy Volunteers and in Diabetic Patients (1991)

A glucose sensor with a subcutaneous dialysis system was tested in six healthy volunteers during an oral glucose tolerance test and in ten diabetic patients with hyperglycemia during rapid decline of blood glucose levels. There was a good correlation between sensor and blood glucose values. During oral glucose tolerance tests in the volunteers, there was a mean delay of 4.4 minutes in the rise of the value registered subcutaneously and of 8.2 minutes in the fall of the curves. In the diabetic patients the maximum delay was 22 minutes. Nine days after insertion of the dialysis system it was still functioning well.
<title>Imaging of superficially growing tumors by delayed observation of laser-induced fluorescence</title> (1993)

Images of superficially growing tumors marked with prophyrin-based photosensitizers (Photofrin II, P4P-mD) were recorded in vivo by delayed observation of fluorescence following pulsed laser excitation. A pulsed, solid state, widely tunable laser system was used together with an intensified CCD camera. The ratio of the fluorescence radiant exitances of tumor and normal tissue taken as contrast between tumor and surrounding tissue was studied systematically by varying excitation wavelength and delay time between the optical pulse and the opening of the intensifier of the CCD camera. The dependence of this ratio on excitation wavelength was explained qualitatively using a simple one-dimentional mathematical model, taking the penetration depth of the exciting laser radiation and the thickness of the tumor and the layer of normal tissue above it into account. Besides fluorescence images, delayed fluorescence emission spectra of tumor and normal tissue were recorded in vivo.
Common Seed Analysis to Identify Off-Target Effects in siRNA Screens (2011)

Genome-scale small interfering RNA (siRNA) screens have become an increasingly popular approach to new target identification and pathway elucidation. However, the large data sets generated from siRNA screens have demonstrated high false-positive rates and the requirement for extensive experimental triage to distinguish true hits. A number of groups have independently reported the presence of siRNAs with identical seed sequences among their top screening hits. Based on these observations, we have developed a comprehensive technique for detecting and visualizing seed-based off-target effects in siRNA screening data. This is accomplished by analyzing the behavior of siRNAs that share identical seed sequences, which we refer to as common seed analysis (CSA). By applying these techniques to primary screening data of the Wnt pathway, we identify 158 distinct seed sequences that have a statistically significant effect on the assay. The promiscuous seed sequences identified in this manner can then be discounted in the analysis of follow-up experiments using single siRNAs. The ability to detect off-target effects when sufficient numbers of siRNAs share a common seed has significant implications for the design of siRNA screening experiments, data analysis, hit selection, and library design.
Principles of treatment of orthopedic injuries in the elderly (1990)

Zuckerman, Joseph D. MD; Zetterberg, Carl MD, PhD; Frankel, Victor H. MD, PhD Author Information