gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Design Strategy for a Surgical Manipulator based on a Compliant Mechanism : Rigidity and Range of Motion: Finding the Optimized Balance (2019)

Compliant mechanisms have drawn the attention recently in developing surgical robotic manipulators for minimally invasive surgery (MIS) owing to their capabilities in making miniaturized, simple, dexterous mechanical structures. Robotically assisted MIS demands instruments with higher precision, higher output force and a higher range of motion (ROM) for better performances. On the other hand, because of the behaviour of the elastic elements, compromising these factors is challenging. In a compliant mechanism, the rigidity of the elastic element determines the precision and output force. In this paper, we study the behaviour of rigidity and the ROM of elastic elements using previously developed surgical robotic forceps based on a compliant mechanism. To tackle this problem, we studied the variation of ROM of the compliant mechanism at different rigidity values of the compliant structure by changing its thickness. The results showed the linear relationship between the ROM and the rigidity of a compliant mechanical manipulator, suggesting the optimized balance point in this trade-off.
Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia-Derived Extracellular Vesicles Mediate NFκB Signaling and Pro-Inflammatory Cytokine Release in Monocytes (2016)

Abstract Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL)is a B-cell malignancy associated with an inflammatory milieu and impairedanti-tumor immunity. This study aimed at characterizing CLL-derived extracellularvesicles (EVs) and their role in the tumor microenvironment. EVs were isolated from blood plasma or culture supernatant of the CLL cell line MEC-1 by a serialcentrifugation protocol. Characterization of EVs by electron microscopy, Nanoparticle Tracking Analysis (NTA) and Western blotting revealed vesicles 30to 350 nm in size, which were positive for various EV marker proteins. Quantificationof EVs by NTA and ELISA indicated an enrichment of B-cell derived EVs in plasmaof CLL patients compared to healthy controls, although absolute EV counts were not different. As we observed an accumulation of small RNAs in EVs, small RNAsequencing was performed which revealed a unique microRNA signature of MEC-1 EVs, with CLL-relevant miRNAs such as miR-21, miR-155 and miR-146a being the mostabundant. Moreover, full length and 5′ end fragment forms of Y RNAs, another class of small non-coding RNAs, were enriched in MEC-1 and CLL plasma EVs. In vitro and in mice, CLL EVs were rapidly taken up by monocytes and macrophages which resulted in NFκB signaling and the release of multiple pro-inflammatory cytokines such as CCL2, CCL3, IL-6 andIL-8, proteins known to be elevated in CLL plasma. Moreover, several surface markers on monocytes were altered upon EV uptake, including an increase of the immune checkpoint molecule PD-L1 as well as downregulation of the chemokine receptorCCR2. Of interest, liposomes containing Y RNA transcripts induced a similar response in respective assays suggesting a novel role for these molecules in the tumor microenvironment of CLL.
A floorplanner driven by structural and timing constraints (1994)

This paper presents a novel layout model and floorplanning tool particularly suitable for taking into account user defined layout constraints on specific sets of modules and specific locations. The user defined layout constraints can be the setting of any common topological property associated with a group of specific modules such as the neighboring property for example. Or the use of any topological regularities in a design such as regular bus structure or the use of the structural property such as the bit-sliceable or non bit-sliceable feature of a module set, or their similar shape. The exploitation of these structural information helps in producing more compact layout especially for datapath oriented architectures. Moreover, in addition to the area and total wiring length, the critical path delay is systematically minimized through a global cost function. The potential candidates for the critical path computation can be specifically defined by the user. The core of the optimization process is based on simulated annealing.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Research on Virtual Vehicle Driven with Vision (2011)

This paper presents a traffic-oriented modeling and simulation framework. With this tool, users can create a traffic scene quickly and easily, and then drive the vehicle in the created scene with physics simulated. Especially, the vehicle could be driven with vision technology, which is equipped with a webcam and a paper printed with controlling markers. And the paper is used as the virtual wheel to control the motion of the vehicle. At such low cost, many people can enjoy the driving fun; it also provides an easy and interesting way for driving video games with promising business values.
Temperature Compensated MEMS Reference Oscillators with Sub-PPM Instability (2012)

Roozbeh Tabrizian presented a lecture at the Nano@Tech Meeting on April 23, 2012 at 12 noon in room 1116 of the Marcus Nanotechnology Building.
Towards portability and interoperability support in middleware for hybrid clouds (2014)

The cloud computing paradigm promises increased flexibility and scalability for consumers and providers of software services. Service providers that exploit private cloud environments offer restricted flexibility and scalability because of the limited capacity. However, such organizations are often reluctant to migrate to public clouds because of business continuity threats and vendor lock-in. Hybrid clouds potentially combine the benefits of private and public (external) clouds. Vendor lock-in can be avoided when multiple external clouds are supported and effectively exploited. This paper presents a middleware platform for hybrid cloud applications. The middleware enables organizations to control the execution of their applications in hybrid cloud environments. Driven by policies, the middleware can dynamically decide which requests and tasks are executed on a particular part of the hybrid cloud. The core of the middleware, and the focus of this paper, is an abstraction layer. The abstraction layer enables portability over multiple services including data storage, blob storage, and asynchronous task execution of various PaaS platforms as well as interoperability between the PaaS platforms. We have validated the core concept by building a prototype implementation that runs on top of specific PaaS platforms as well as on a cloud-enabling middleware. A document processing SaaS application has been instantiated on the middleware. Performance results have been collected for JBoss AS cluster, Google App Engine, and Red Hat OpenShift.
Interleukin‐17‐producing cell infiltration in the breast cancer tumour microenvironment is a poor prognostic factor (2013)

Our results indicate that a high level of IL-17-producing cells in the breast cancer tumour microenvironment is a poor prognostic factor.
Reconfigurable Links for Self-Timed On-Chip Communication (2016)

Data movement along long interconnects in on-chip networks often consume multiple cycles. Such channels incorporate mechanisms for data storage in order to facilitate pipelining. These links can be effectively abstracted as distributed first-in first-out (FIFO) elements. Using the localized timing and flow control made possible by self-timed communication, this work explores link 'FIFO' designs beyond that of a strictly linear pipeline. In this paper, we present an online technique to detect link bandwidth. We also outline a method to dynamically reconfigure traditional assertive and speculative handshaking techniques for the asynchronous data links. This allows us to tailor network-on-chip (NoC) links according to bandwidth demands. Power and performance characteristics of these data links become a function of the structure and occupancy of the FIFOs. Adjusting link capacity to expected traffic demands allows us to obtain up to 55% dynamic power savings in some cases.
Localization of a locus for the striated form of palmoplantar keratoderma to chromosome 18q near the desmosomal cadherin gene cluster (1995)

Palmoplantar keratoderma is a frequent hereditary disorder of keratinization in humans. Various clinically, histopathologically and genetically distinct phenotypes can be diagnosed. Recently, mutations in the keratin genes have been identified in palmoplantar keratoderma: mutations in the keratin 9 gene causing the epidermolytic form, and mutations in the keratin 1 gene in a non-epidermolytic form. We have now investigated a family with the striated form of palmoplantar keratoderma (type Brünauer-Fuhs-Siemens) for linkage to either the type II keratin gene cluster on chromosome 12q or the type I keratin gene cluster on chromosome 17q. After excluding both type I and type II keratin genes we have mapped a locus for this form of palmoplantar keratoderma to chromosome 18q12 with a maximum two-point lod score of 3.3 at theta = 0.00 at D18S536. A cluster of desmosomal cadherin genes has been mapped to this region making them good candidates for this form of PPK. These findings indicate that hyperkeratosis of palms and soles is clinically as well as genetically heterogeneous.
Tunneling Effect of Quantum Stochastic Process (1997)

In Nelson's theory. quantum mechanical trajectory of a particle is described in terms of a stochastic process instead of a wave function. This stochastic process enables us to trace the position of a quantum particle. We study the trajectories for the superposition of plane wave functions and for tunneling effects.
Semifluorinated Alkanes – A New Class of Compounds with Outstanding Properties for use in Ophthalmology (2000)

Semifluorinated alkanes, R F R H , have a perfluorocarbon and a hydrocarbon segment in the molecule. R F R H are physically, chemically and physiologically inert, colorless, laser stable liquids with substantially reduced densities - between 1.1 and 1.7 g/cm 3 - and very low surface and interface tensions. R F R H are useful for unfolding a retina or for permanent tamponade. They are soluble in perfluorocarbon liquids (PFCL), hydrocarbons and silicone oils. For the first time residues of silicone oil can be extracted from the eye because R F R H are solubilizers for PFCLs and silicone oils, so they can be used as solvents or solubilizers for drugs and medicaments. Therefore R F R H are excellent candidates for use in the ophthalmic field.
Extracellular Myocardial Volume in Patients With Aortic Stenosis (2020)

In patients with severe aortic stenosis scheduled for aortic valve intervention, an increased ECV% is a measure of left ventricular decompensation and a powerful independent predictor of mortality.
A Compare-Aggregate Model for Matching Text Sequences (2016)

Many NLP tasks including machine comprehension, answer selection and text entailment require the comparison between sequences. Matching the important units between sequences is a key to solve these problems. In this paper, we present a general "compare-aggregate" framework that performs word-level matching followed by aggregation using Convolutional Neural Networks. We particularly focus on the different comparison functions we can use to match two vectors. We use four different datasets to evaluate the model. We find that some simple comparison functions based on element-wise operations can work better than standard neural network and neural tensor network.
Periploca forrestiiSaponin Ameliorates Murine CFA-Induced Arthritis by Suppressing Cytokine Production (2016)

<i>Periploca forrestii</i> Schltr. has been used as a Chinese folk medicine due to its versatile pharmacological effects such as promoting wounds and rheumatoid arthritis. However, the antiarthritic activity of <i>Periploca forrestii</i> saponin (PFS) and its active compound Periplocin has still not been demonstrated. Here, we evaluated the antiarthritic effects of PFS in adjuvant-induced arthritis (AIA) rats by intragastric administration at a dose of 50 mg/kg. The anti-inflammatory activities of Periplocin were also examined in LPS-induced AIA splenocytes and synoviocytes. PFS significantly ameliorated joint swelling; inhibited bone erosion in joints; lowered levels of IL-6 and TGF-<i>β</i>1 in AIA rat splenocyte; and reduced joint protein expression levels of phospho-STAT3 and IKK<i>α</i>. Using LPS-induced AIA splenocytes, we demonstrate that Periplocin suppressed the key proinflammatory cytokines levels of IL-6, IFN-<i>γ</i>, TGF-<i>β</i>1, and IL-13 and IL-22 and transcription factor levels of T-bet, GATA3, and C-Jun genes. Periplocin also suppressed LPS-induced cytokine secretion from synoviocytes. Our study highlights the antiarthritic activity of PFS and its derived Periplocin and the underlying mechanisms. These results provide a strong rationale for further testing and validation of the use of <i>Periploca forrestii</i> Schltr. as an alternative modality for the treatment of RA.
Estimation of displacements from two 3D frames obtained from stereo (1992)

A method for estimating 3D displacements from two stereo frames is presented. It is based on the hypothesize-and-verify paradigm used to match 3D line segments between the two frames. In order to reduce the complexity of the method, an assumption is made that objects are rigid. The formulate a set of complete rigidity constraints for 3D line segments and integrate the uncertainty of measurements in this formation. The hypothesize-and-verify stages of the method use an extended Kalman filter to produce estimates of the displacements and of their uncertainty. The algorithm is shown to work on indoor and natural scenes. It is also shown to be easily extended to the case in which several mobile objects are present. The method is quite robust, fast, and has been thoroughly tested on hundreds of real stereo frames.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
A Quorum-Based Energy-Saving MAC Protocol Design for Wireless Sensor Networks (2009)

Wireless sensor networks are mainly designed for environment surveillance, wherein wireless sensor nodes cooperate to get their job done. Generally, wireless sensors are battery powered; therefore, it is crucial for them to efficiently use their battery resources. Most of the existing power-saving protocols achieve power savings by periodically putting sensor nodes to sleep. Such a regular sleep/awake mechanism fails to adjust a sensor node's sleep duration based on its traffic load, thus causing either lower power efficiency or higher latency. Furthermore, sensors may be deployed in hostile environments and may thus unexpectedly fail. Most power-saving protocols do not promptly react to such link breakage, resulting in long transmission delays. In this paper, we propose a quorum-based medium access control (QMAC) protocol that enables sensor nodes to sleep longer under light loads. Since traffic flows toward the sink node in wireless sensor networks, a new concept, i.e., the <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">next-hop group</i> , is also proposed to reduce transmission latency. Simulation results verify that the proposed QMAC saves more energy and keeps the transmission latency low.
Synthesis of Functionalized 4‐Fluoropyridazines (2017)

Abstract A route to 4‐fluoropyridazines by a [2+1]/[3+2] cycloaddition sequence between an acetylenic derivative, a difluorocarbene source, and a diazo compound is reported. This approach is highly modular and compatible with a broad range of functional groups. The protocol does not require the isolation of any reactive intermediates and, thus, allows for access to a wide range of 4‐fluoropyridazines in a single synthetic step from simple alkynes. Furthermore, these fluorinated compounds can be easily diversified by nucleophilic aromatic substitution (S N Ar) to displace the fluoro group to give a wider range of 3,4,6‐trisubstituted pyridazines. As a result of increasing interest in functionalized pyridazines as well as fluorinated derivatives, this efficient and concise approach to 4‐fluoropyridazines should be of value to medicinal chemists.
Seeing our hand or a tool during visually-guided actions: different effects on the somatosensory and visual cortices (2022)

Abstract The processing of proprioceptive information in the context of a conflict between visual and somatosensory feedbacks deteriorates motor performance. Previous studies have shown that seeing one’s hand increases the weighting assigned to arm somatosensory inputs. In this light, we hypothesized that the sensory conflict, when tracing the contour of a shape with mirror-reversed vision, will be greater for participants who trace with a stylus seen in their hand (Hand group, n=17) than for participants who trace with the tip of rod without seen their hand (Tool group, n=15). Based on this hypothesis, we predicted that the tracing performance with mirror vision will be more deteriorated for the Hand group than for the Tool group, and we predicted a greater gating of somatosensory information for the Hand group to reduce the sensory conflict. The participants of both groups followed the outline of a shape in two visual conditions. Direct vision: the participants saw the hand or portion of a light 40 cm rod directly. Mirror Vision: the hand or the rod was seen through a mirror. We measured tracing performance using a digitizing tablet and the cortical activity with electroencephalography. Behavioral analyses revealed that the tracing performance of both groups was similarly impaired by mirror vision. However, contrasting the spectral content of the cortical oscillatory activity between the Mirror and Direct conditions, we observed that tracing with mirror vision resulted in significantly larger alpha (8-12 Hz) and beta (15-25 Hz) powers in the somatosensory cortex for participants of the Hand group. The somatosensory alpha and beta powers did not significantly differ between Mirror and Direct vision conditions for the Tool group. For both groups, tracing with mirror vision altered the activity of the visual cortex: decreased alpha power for the Hand group, decreased alpha and beta power for the Tool group. Overall, these results suggest that seeing the hand enhanced the sensory conflict when tracing with mirror vision and that the increase of alpha and beta powers in the somatosensory cortex served to reduce the weight assigned to somatosensory information. The increased activity of the visual cortex observed for both groups in the mirror vision condition suggests greater visual processing with increased task difficulty. Finally, the fact that the participants of the Tool group did not show better tracing performance than those of the Hand group suggests that tracing deterioration resulted from a sensorimotor conflict (as opposed to a visuo-proprioceptive conflict).
Underestimation of Luminal Eosinophilia by Quantitative Sputum Cytometry (2021)

Abstract Rationale: On Wright-stained sputum cytospins, eosinophil differential of &gt;1.2% is considered abnormal and ≥3% clinically relevant. We hypothesized that failure to consider free eosinophil granules (FEG), and the re-emergence of eosinophilia (at ≥1.2 and ≥2.3%) underestimate the prevalence of the eosinophilic phenotype. Methods: This is a retrospective analysis of our Institutional Review Board-approved clinical sputum database. Of the 24,176 examinations, 17,693 had viable cell counts from 9570 patients (6604 on one occasion, 2967 with two or more) with various airway diseases. In all samples, FEGs were semi-quantified to estimate the prevalence of eosinophilia at &lt;1.2 and &lt;2.3%. In those patients with sputum examined on more than one occasion, subsequent results identified re-emergence of eosinophilia at ³1.2 and ³2.3%. Results: Of those with intact cell counts (n=15,278), 8562 (56.0%) and 9690 (63.4%) would have been classified as clinically non-relevant eosinophilia of &lt;1.2% and &lt;2.3% respectively. Among those with two or more intact cell counts, 1142 (38.5%) and 1083 (36.5%) of samples had re-emergence of eosinophilia (at 1.2 and 2.3%), either when a previous neutrophilia resolved (n= 218/19.1%, n=312/28.8%) or due to a reduction in the dose of corticosteroids (n=634/21.4%, n=666/22.4%) with no significant differences between groups (p=0.018). There was a significant difference between the proportions of eosinophilic versus non-eosinophilic at 1.2 and 2.3%, using the presence of FEG and the non-intact cell count (p&lt;0.001). Conclusions: A total of 3180 (32.8%) samples identified as non-eosinophilic, had clinically relevant airway eosinophilia that would not have been identified if the phenotypic classification was limited to ≥2.3% intact eosinophils on one occasion. This underestimation is likely to be significantly more if other means of airway eosinophilic activity were included and if mast cell activity and lymphocyte numbers, (not routinely quantified by sputum cytometry), could be contributing to the under-appreciation of airway T2 inflammatory processes.
Chs1p and Chs3p, two proteins involved in chitin synthesis, populate a compartment of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae endocytic pathway. (1996)

In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the synthesis of chitin, a cell-wall polysaccharide, is temporally and spatially regulated with respect to the cell cycle and morphogenesis. Using immunological reagents, we found that steady-state levels of Chs1p and Chs3p, two chitin synthase enzymes, did not fluctuate during the cell cycle, indicating that they are not simply regulated by synthesis and degradation. Previous cell fractionation studies demonstrated that chitin synthase I activity (CSI) exists in a plasma membrane form and in intracellular membrane-bound particles called chitosomes. Chitosomes were proposed to act as a reservoir for regulated transport of chitin synthase enzymes to the division septum. We found that Chs1p and Chs3p resided partly in chitosomes and that this distribution was not cell cycle regulated. Pulse-chase cell fractionation experiments showed that chitosome production was blocked in an endocytosis mutant (end4-1), indicating that endocytosis is required for the formation or maintenance of chitosomes. Additionally, Ste2p, internalized by ligand-induced endocytosis, cofractionated with chitosomes, suggesting that these membrane proteins populate the same endosomal compartment. However, in contrast to Ste2p, Chs1p and Chs3p were not rapidly degraded, thus raising the possibility that the temporal and spatial regulation of chitin synthesis is mediated by the mobilization of an endosomal pool of chitin synthase enzymes.
A Case for Packageless Processors (2018)

Demand for increasing performance is far outpacing the capability of traditional methods for performance scaling. Disruptive solutions are needed to advance beyond incremental improvements. Traditionally, processors reside inside packages to enable PCB-based integration. We argue that packages reduce the potential memory bandwidth of a processor by at least one order of magnitude, allowable thermal design power (TDP) by up to 70%, and area efficiency by a factor of 5 to 18. Further, silicon chips have scaled well while packages have not. We propose packageless processors - processors where packages have been removed and dies directly mounted on a silicon board using a novel integration technology, Silicon Interconnection Fabric (Si-IF). We show that Si-IF-based packageless processors outperform their packaged counterparts by up to 58% (16% average), 136%(103% average), and 295% (80% average) due to increased memory bandwidth, increased allowable TDP, and reduced area respectively. We also extend the concept of packageless processing to the entire processor and memory system, where the area footprint reduction was up to 76%.
EP3 (E-Prostanoid 3) Receptor Mediates Impaired Vasodilation in a Mouse Model of Salt-Sensitive Hypertension (2021)

[Figure: see text].