gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Modeling of the medical device development process (2012)

Models are abstract representations of reality that are built, analyzed and manipulated to augment the understanding of that reality. They can either be mental or codified but, in both cases, they contribute to good decision-making by ensuring that the right people use the right information at the right time. In order to reduce time to market, companies commonly adopt product development processes (PDP) and the medical device sector is no different. However, one can question which is the most adequate PDP model to follow or what information that model should contain, or even how the information should be represented. Here, the authors review the existing PDP models dedicated to medical devices. The model's representation and usability are also debated in order to assist developers to select the most suitable model and adapt it to their needs and reality.
Role for interleukin‐4 in foreign‐body giant cell formation on a poly(etherurethane urea) in vivo (1995)

Interleukin-4 (IL-4) was previously shown to induce extensive macrophage fusion to form foreign-body giant cells (FBGCs) in vitro. In the present study, our goal was to extend these findings to an in vivo test environment on biomaterials. The subcutaneous cage-implant system was modified for mice to elucidate IL-4 participation in mediating FBGC formation in vivo. Exudate leukocyte concentrations from cages containing poly(etherurethane urea) (PEUU A') and empty cage controls indicated a similar inflammatory response that turned toward resolution by 14 days postimplantation, thus confirming the applicability of the cage-implant system in mice. FBGC kinetic analysis showed that the formation of mouse FBGCs occurs through the fusion of adherent macrophages at a constant rate up to 14 days of implantation. Purified goat anti-mouse IL-4 neutralizing antibody (IL4Ab) or normal goat nonspecific control IgG (gtIgG) at various concentrations, or recombinant murine IL-4 (muIL4) was injected into the implanted cages containing PEUU A' every 2 days for 7 days. The injection of IL4Ab significantly decreased the FBGC density on PEUU A' cage-implanted in mice, when compared with the nonspecific IgG or PBS injection controls. Conversely, the FBGC density was significantly increased by the injection of muIL4 when compared with nonspecific IgG and PBS injection controls. Adherent macrophage density, FBGC morphology, FBGC average size, and size distribution were not significantly different among IL4Ab, nonspecific control gtIgG, muIL4, and PBS control groups. Our data suggest that IL-4 participates in FBGC formation on biomaterials in vivo.
Origin of High Current and Illumination Stress Instability in Self-Aligned a-InGaZnO Thin Film Transistors With Al2O3 as High-κ Gate Dielectric (2020)

This paper analyzes the effect of high current under illumination stress (HCIS) in self-aligned amorphous indium gallium zinc oxide transistors with Al <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> as high-κ gate dielectric. A negative parallel threshold voltage (V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">T</sub> ) shift with the appearance of hysteresis (AV <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">hys</sub> ) is observed after HCIS. In contrast to the double ionized oxygen vacancy (V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">O</sub> <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2+</sup> ) theory, a peroxide donor theory based on ab initio calculations is proposed to explain the degradation. Several methods are carried out to support the mechanism, including AV <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">hys</sub> generation, stress recovery behavior and capacitance-voltage (C-V) measurements. A linear dependence between initial V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">T</sub> and negative V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">T</sub> shift is observed that further supports the peroxide theory. This work highlights the importance of evaluating the HCIS for oxide base semiconductor devices.
Experience in Implementation of Systems Applied for Drainage Water Ion-Selective Purification from Radionuclides at Units 1,2 of Novovoronezh-2 NPP (2020)

The article is dedicated to the assessment of the experience in drainage water purification from radionuclides using ion-selective purification method on Units 1,2 Novovoronezh-2 NPP. Application of an ion-selective sorbent based on nickel ferrocyanide, as well as the preliminary oxidation of corrosive origin radiongjuclides, allow to achieve a satisfactory quality of purification from Cs-134, Cs-137, Co-60, Co 58, Mn-54, Cr-51. However, this method turned out to be ineffective for drainage water purification from Be-7, Sb-124, Sb-125. The article presents a possible method for drainage water purification from Be-7, Sb-124, Sb-125 using an iron-based coagulant, prospects for the modernization of the ion-selective drainage water purification plant, as well as plans to improve methods for drainage water purification at Novovoronezh-2 NPP
Optimal Control of a Distribution System with a Virtual Power Plant (2004)

In this paper a cost based optimisation procedure is proposed\nfor harmonising the concurrent operation of DSO and VPP\nwhich, although acting in an independent manner, can be co-\nordinated by means of suitable economic signals.
Structure and Cycloaddition of a Quasi 1,3 Dipole from Triphenylphosphine and 4-Chlorobenzene Diazocyanide (1969)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStructure and Cycloaddition of a Quasi 1,3 Dipole from Triphenylphosphine and 4-Chlorobenzene DiazocyanideRolf Huisgen, Erwin Brunn, Richard Gilardi, and Isabella KarleCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1969, 91, 27, 7766–7767Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1969Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1969https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja50001a054https://doi.org/10.1021/ja50001a054research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views88Altmetric-Citations9LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Synthesis and Flow Field Visualization of Temperature-sensitive Magnetic Fluid Microcapsules (2018)

In this study, a new magnetic material is made by microencapsulating the Temperature-sensitive magnetic fluid. Microcapsules are made by dissolving the organic solvent, polymer, Temperature-sensitive magnetic fluid, dropping it into pure water and stirring with a homomixer. The prepared microcapsules are observed with SEM. Fluorescence observation of particles and visualization of flow field are performed by mixing fluorescent dye in microcapsules. As the results it was confirmed that microcapsules form clusters by supplying a magnetic field. A self-made magnetic capsule containing a fluorescent paint could be visualized in a flow field with a magnetic field supplied.
Overexpression of integrin alpha 2 (ITGA2) correlates with poor survival in patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (2022)

ITGA2 is an independent prognostic parameter for survival in patients with resected PDAC. PKP3 and AK4 do not appear to have prognostic value for survival in PDAC.
Overseas Research and Development by US-Based Firms (1979)

The following sections are included:INTRODUCTIONOVERSEAS R AND D EXPENDITURES: 1960–1980FACTORS INFLUENCING THE PERCENTAGE OF A FIRM's R AND D EXPENDITURES CARRIED OUT OVERSEASOVERSEAS R AND D: MINIMUM ECONOMIC SCALE AND RELATIVE COSTOVERSEAS R AND D: NATURE OF WORK AND RELATION TO DOMESTIC R AND DCONCLUSIONSACKNOWLEDGMENTSNOTESREFERENCES
A review of soft-tissue sarcomas: translation of biological advances into treatment measures (2018)

Soft-tissue sarcomas are rare malignant tumors arising from connective tissues and have an overall incidence of about five per 100,000 per year. While this diverse family of malignancies comprises over 100 histological subtypes and many molecular aberrations are prevalent within specific sarcomas, very few are therapeutically targeted. Instead of utilizing molecular signatures, first-line sarcoma treatment options are still limited to traditional surgery and chemotherapy, and many of the latter remain largely ineffective and are plagued by disease resistance. Currently, the mechanism of sarcoma oncogenesis remains largely unknown, thus necessitating a better understanding of pathogenesis. Although substantial progress has not occurred with molecularly targeted therapies over the past 30 years, increased knowledge about sarcoma biology could lead to new and more effective treatment strategies to move the field forward. Here, we discuss biological advances in the core molecular determinants in some of the most common soft-tissue sarcomas - liposarcoma, angiosarcoma, leiomyosarcoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, Ewing's sarcoma, and synovial sarcoma - with an emphasis on emerging genomic and molecular pathway targets and immunotherapeutic treatment strategies to combat this confounding disease.
Effects of metal chelates on wet flue gas scrubbing chemistry (1983)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTEffects of metal chelates on wet flue gas scrubbing chemistryShih Ger. Chang, David. Littlejohn, and Scott. LynnCite this: Environ. Sci. Technol. 1983, 17, 11, 649–653Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1983Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1983https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/es00117a005https://doi.org/10.1021/es00117a005research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views324Altmetric-Citations57LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Code-Smell Detection as a Bilevel Problem (2014)

Code smells represent design situations that can affect the maintenance and evolution of software. They make the system difficult to evolve. Code smells are detected, in general, using quality metrics that represent some symptoms. However, the selection of suitable quality metrics is challenging due to the absence of consensus in identifying some code smells based on a set of symptoms and also the high calibration effort in determining manually the threshold value for each metric. In this article, we propose treating the generation of code-smell detection rules as a bilevel optimization problem. Bilevel optimization problems represent a class of challenging optimization problems, which contain two levels of optimization tasks. In these problems, only the optimal solutions to the lower-level problem become possible feasible candidates to the upper-level problem. In this sense, the code-smell detection problem can be treated as a bilevel optimization problem, but due to lack of suitable solution techniques, it has been attempted to be solved as a single-level optimization problem in the past. In our adaptation here, the upper-level problem generates a set of detection rules, a combination of quality metrics, which maximizes the coverage of the base of code-smell examples and artificial code smells generated by the lower level. The lower level maximizes the number of generated artificial code smells that cannot be detected by the rules produced by the upper level. The main advantage of our bilevel formulation is that the generation of detection rules is not limited to some code-smell examples identified manually by developers that are difficult to collect, but it allows the prediction of new code-smell behavior that is different from those of the base of examples. The statistical analysis of our experiments over 31 runs on nine open-source systems and one industrial project shows that seven types of code smells were detected with an average of more than 86% in terms of precision and recall. The results confirm the outperformance of our bilevel proposal compared to state-of-art code-smell detection techniques. The evaluation performed by software engineers also confirms the relevance of detected code smells to improve the quality of software systems.
Can Nonspecific Host−Guest Interaction Lead to Highly Specific Encapsulation by a Supramolecular Nanocapsule? (2009)

A general and facile approach for highly selective separation of ionic dyes is described. Core−shell amphiphilic macromolecular nanocapsule (CAM) derived from hyperbranched polymer is structurally featured by the dense functional groups populated in the core, which provide a unique opportunity for the core engineering and structure−property evaluation of a CAM. Here hyperbranched polyethylenimine (HPEI) is alkylated with 2-hexadecyloxymethyloxirane via a single-step, mild and efficient reaction, leading to HP(EI-C16x) (x = 0.10 (1a), 0.15 (1b), 0.20 (1c), 0.30 (1d), 0.60 (1e), and 0.90 (1f), where x represents the fraction of amino protons being alkylated) with a hydrophobic shell and a hydrophilic core. The core of 1d is further treated with propylene oxide, glycidol, methyl iodide, or succinic anhydride, respectively, leading to hydroxyls (2d, 3d), quaternized ammoniums (4d) and carboxyls (5d) populated core. These CAMs show different guest loading capacity and guest recognizing ability and can be used for highly selective separation of water-soluble ionic dyes. For example, 1a−1e can 100% separate cationic−anionic dyes and some anionic−anionic dyes; 4d shows the highest encapsulating capacity and can encapsulate a broad spectrum of guests but with a relatively low selectivity; 1f and 2d can recognize broader spectrum of guests and can ∼100% separate various binary anionic dyes and some ternary anionic dyes. These CAMs can recognize not only anionic dyes bearing different charges but also those bearing the same number of ionic charge(s). These results indicate that for a host−guest system mainly based on nonspecific interaction, highly specific encapsulation can be a general case because accumulated multisite statistical host−guest interaction can differentiate the guests, where the core of the CAM plays a crucial role in guest recognition.
Development of a Virtual Rough Road Simulator for Motorcycle Frame Strength (2005)

This DOI is not currently attached to any metadata records. DOIs can’t actually ever be deleted (they’re persistent), but sometimes our members create DOIs in error. We do have a process to approximate deletion which we follow only in rare cases where the DOI has been genuinely created in error, and most crucially, if the DOI has never been published anywhere online or in print and never otherwise distributed to or communicated with anyone (authors, readers, reviewers, etc.
An Active Exoskeleton Called P.I.G.R.O. Designed for Unloaded Robotic Neurorehabilitation Training (2019)

The development of innovative robotic devices allows the design of exoskeletons for robotic neurorehabilitation training. This paper presents the active exoskeleton called pneumatic interactive gait rehabilitation orthosis (P.I.G.R.O.), developed by the authors. The main innovative characteristic of this prototype is its design for fully unloaded robotic neurorehabilitation training, specific for brain-injured patients. It has six degrees of freedom (DOF) in the sagittal plane, an active ankle joint (removable if it is required); a wide range of anthropometric regulations, both for men and for women; a useful human machine interface (HMI); and an innovative harness system for the patient for the unloaded training. It is realized using light and strong materials, and it is electropneumatically controlled. In particular the authors also studied and defined some innovative input control curves useful for the unloaded training. In this paper, the main characteristics and innovations of P.I.G.R.O. are presented.
Single-Molecule Imaging of PSD-95 mRNA Translation in Dendrites and Its Dysregulation in a Mouse Model of Fragile X Syndrome (2015)

Fragile X syndrome (FXS) is caused by the loss of the fragile X mental retardation protein (FMRP), an RNA binding protein that regulates translation of numerous target mRNAs, some of which are dendritically localized. Our previous biochemical studies using synaptoneurosomes demonstrate a role for FMRP and miR-125a in regulating the translation of PSD-95 mRNA. However, the local translation of PSD-95 mRNA within dendrites and spines, as well as the roles of FMRP or miR-125a, have not been directly studied. Herein, local synthesis of a Venus-PSD-95 fusion protein was directly visualized in dendrites and spines using single-molecule imaging of a diffusion-restricted Venus-PSD-95 reporter under control of the PSD-95 3'UTR. The basal translation rates of Venus-PSD-95 mRNA was increased in cultured hippocampal neurons from Fmr1 KO mice compared with WT neurons, which correlated with a transient elevation of endogenous PSD-95 within dendrites. Following mGluR stimulation with (S)-3,5-dihydroxyphenylglycine, the rate of Venus-PSD-95 mRNA translation increased rapidly in dendrites of WT hippocampal neurons, but not in those of Fmr1 KO neurons or when the binding site of miR125a, previously shown to bind PSD-95 3'UTR, was mutated. This study provides direct support for the hypothesis that local translation within dendrites and spines is dysregulated in FXS. Impairments in the regulated local synthesis of PSD-95, a critical regulator of synaptic structure and function, may affect the spatiotemporal control of PSD-95 levels and affect dendritic spine development and synaptic plasticity in FXS.
Effect of positive inotropic agents on myosin isozyme population and mechanical activity of cultured rat heart myocytes. (1991)

To examine whether catecholamines have a direct effect on myosin heavy chain expression of heart myocytes or whether they act via an altered work load, myocytes from neonatal rat hearts were cultured in thyroid hormone-free media containing various positive inotropic and chronotropic agents. The velocity and frequency of contraction of the myocytes were monitored using an optoelectronic system. After 3-5 days of culture, myosin isozyme populations, cellular cAMP content, and 2-deoxy-D-glucose uptake of the myocytes were determined. Compared with myocytes cultured in the absence of inotropic agents (32.6 +/- 3.5% V1), the proportion of myosin V1 was significantly (p less than 0.05) increased in the case of 1 microM isoproterenol (48.2 +/- 5.9% V1), 1 microM forskolin (57.1 +/- 11.7% V1), and 1 mM dibutyryl cAMP (79.1 +/- 2.0% V1). Dibutyryl cAMP increased V1 to a similar level as 30 nM triiodothyronine did (70.2 +/- 13.0% V1). Only a small increase was observed in myocytes cultured in the presence of 10 microM phenylephrine (40.4 +/- 8.4% V1), 10 microM ouabain (40.6 +/- 11.9% V1), or 10 microM Bay K 8644 (40.7 +/- 11.7% V1). The agents with a marked effect on myosin heavy chain expression resulted in a higher cAMP content; isoproterenol and forskolin also stimulated 2-deoxy-D-glucose uptake. All agents resulted in a higher velocity of contraction; with the exception of ouabain, frequency of contraction was also increased. A change in Ca2+ concentration in the medium from 1.3 to 2.4 mM resulted in a small increase in V1 (40.7 +/- 5.2% V1) but had the same effect on contraction velocity as dibutyryl cAMP did. Furthermore, 10 nM isoproterenol also increased V1 in myocytes that were arrested with 10 microM verapamil. The increase in V1 in the case of dibutyryl cAMP, isoproterenol, and forskolin is thus most probably not a correlate of the increased mechanical activity but of the high cellular cAMP content.
A computer programme for estimation of genetic risk in X linked disorders, combining pedigree and DNA probe data with other conditional information. (1986)

A computer programme is presented for calculating the recurrence risk in X linked disorders, combining pedigree and DNA probe data with other conditional information such as carrier detection tests. The methods of computation are shown in the given examples. The programme can be used with either a single DNA probe or two 'flanking' DNA probes for both familial and isolated case pedigrees. For isolated case families the mutation rate at the disease locus can be taken into account in conjunction with the DNA probe data.
Cell surface antigens: prognostic implications in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (1980)

Lymphoblasts from 93 children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) were characterized by immunologic cell surface markers. These patients were treated on a single protocol, featuring adriamycin therapy during remission, and have been followed from 2 to 6.5 yr (median 4 yr). Three classes of patients were defined serologically: HTA+ Ia- CALLA-, Ia+ CALLA+ HTA-, and Ia+ CALLA- HTA-. Disease-free survival and sites of relapse were assessed within immunologic subsets. Similar to the findings of others, T-cell (HTA+ Ia-) patients fared poorly as compared to non-T-cell (Ia+ HTA-) patients (median disease-free survival was 12 and 47 mo. respectively; p = 0.0004). The majority of relapses in the HTA+ patients occurred at extramedullary sites. Late testicular relapse was rare among Ia+ patients. In addition, the “common ALL antigen” (CALLA) may identify a relatively favorable subset within the Ia+ population. The prognostic value of the immunologic markers was compared with traditional clinical factors. There was much overlap between HTA+, older age, and elevated WBC. However, neither age nor WBC alone were of prognostic significance among the Ia+ patients. We conclude that surface markers define both biologic and prognostic characteristics. The course of childhood ALL must be viewed in the context of homogeneous subsets and within particular therapeutic programs.