gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Synthetic Cross-language Information Retrieval Training Data (2023)

A key stumbling block for neural cross-language information retrieval (CLIR) systems has been the paucity of training data. The appearance of the MS MARCO monolingual training set led to significant advances in the state of the art in neural monolingual retrieval. By translating the MS MARCO documents into other languages using machine translation, this resource has been made useful to the CLIR community. Yet such translation suffers from a number of problems. While MS MARCO is a large resource, it is of fixed size; its genre and domain of discourse are fixed; and the translated documents are not written in the language of a native speaker of the language, but rather in translationese. To address these problems, we introduce the JH-POLO CLIR training set creation methodology. The approach begins by selecting a pair of non-English passages. A generative large language model is then used to produce an English query for which the first passage is relevant and the second passage is not relevant. By repeating this process, collections of arbitrary size can be created in the style of MS MARCO but using naturally-occurring documents in any desired genre and domain of discourse. This paper describes the methodology in detail, shows its use in creating new CLIR training sets, and describes experiments using the newly created training data.
Programmed cell death by S. pneumoniae D39 and its PspA mutant in microglial and neuronal cells (2012)

Pneumococcal infection in the central nervous system (CNS) such as brain can trigger apoptosis of neurons and other cells in CNS. Pyroptosis is a caspase‐1‐dependent inflammatory form of programmed cell death. PspA of S. pneumoniae is one of surface virulence proteins which prevents binding of C3 onto pneumococcal surface. The role of PspA in apotoisis or pyroptosis remains unexploited. In the present study, we investigated the apoptotic and pyroptotic effect of S. pneumoniae D39 and its PspA mutant(PspA − ) in neuroblastoma cells and microglial cells. MTT assay and western blotting showed that D39 and PspA − , regardless of p53 gene status, induced apoptosis of neuroblastoma cells in a time‐dependent and dose‐dependent manner. Moreover, D39 and PspA − did not cause an activation of caspase‐3 and caspase‐8. Our data also demonstrated that apoptosis inducing factor(AIF) was translocated from mitochondria to the nucleus in neuroblastoma cells treated with D39 and PspA − , respectively. In addition, western blot analysis revealed that treatment of PspA − led to caspase‐1 activation in microglial cells. Thus, these results suggest that Streptococcus pneumoniae D39, and PspA − trigger a p53‐independent and caspase‐independent apoptosis in human neuroblastoma cells and PspA − might have a role in pyroptosis of microglail cells.
CHAP. II (2014)

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Cooperative Adaptive Cruise Control (CACC) for Truck Platooning: Operational Concept Alternatives (2015)

Cooperative Adaptive Cruise Control (CACC) provides an intermediate step toward a longer-term vision of trucks operating in closely-coupled automated platoons. There are important distinctions between CACC and automated truck platooning. First, with CACC, only truck speed control will be automated, using vehicle to vehicle (V2V) communication to supplement forward sensors. The drivers will still be responsible for actively steering the vehicle, lane keeping, and monitoring roadway and traffic conditions. Second, while truck platooning systems have relied on a Constant Distance Gap (CDG) control strategy, CACC has relied on a Constant-Time Gap (CTG) control strategy, where the distance between vehicles is proportional to the speed. For these reasons, a series of trucks using CACC is referred to as a string, rather than a platoon. This report mainly focuses on describing the various CACC operational concept alternatives at the level of individual vehicles, local groups of vehicles and their drivers, and which alternatives should be employed in this research project. These operational concepts can be broken into four categories: string formation, steady-state cruising, string split maneuvers, and faults or abnormal operating conditions.
Long-Range Interactions in Many-Particle Simulation (2002)

Numerical algorithms for accelerating the computation of N -body problems dominated by long-range inter-particle forces are reviewed.For periodic systems, the optimised Ewald lattice sum with an O(N 3/2 ) scaling forms a reference standard against which the newer, potentially faster Particle-Particle Particle-Mesh and Fast Multipole Methods can be measured.The more general N -body problem with arbitrary boundary conditions is also described, in which various multipole methods are now routinely used instead of direct summation for particle numbers in excess of 10 4 .These techniques are described in a tutorial fashion and rough comparisons given of their respective computational performance on scalar and parallel machine architectures.
Phase informed model for motion and susceptibility (2012)

Field inhomogeneities caused by variations in magnetic susceptibility throughout the head lead to geometric distortions, mainly in the phase-encode direction of echo-planar images (EPI). The magnitude and spatial characteristics of the distortions depend on the orientation of the head in the magnetic field and will therefore vary with head movement. A new method is presented, based on a phase informed model for motion and susceptibility (PIMMS), which estimates the change in geometric distortion associated with head motion. This method fits a model of the head motion parameters and scanner hardware characteristics to EPI phase time series. The resulting maps of the model fit parameters are used to correct for susceptibility artifacts in the magnitude images. Results are shown for EPI-based fMRI time-series acquired at 3T, demonstrating that compared with conventional rigid body realignment, PIMMS removes residual variance associated with motion-related distortion effects. Furthermore, PIMMS can lead to a reduction in false negatives compared with the widely accepted approach which uses standard rigid body realignment and includes the head motion parameters in the statistical model. The PIMMS method can be used with any standard EPI sequence for which accurate phase information is available.
Ledipasvir and Sofosbuvir for untreated HCV genotype 1 infection in end stage renal disease patients: A prospective observational study (2017)

Ledipasvir and Sofosbuvir combination therapy on alternate days, is effective even in ESRD patients, with excellent SVR12 rates, and it is as safe as in other population groups, without any major adverse reactions.
Speech Separation based on signal-noise-dependent deep neural networks for robust speech recognition (2015)

In this paper, we propose a new signal-noise-dependent (SND) deep neural network (DNN) framework to further improve the separation and recognition performance of the recently developed technique for general DNN-based speech separation. We adopt a divide and conquer strategy to design the proposed SND-DNNs with higher resolutions that a single general DNN could not well accommodate for all the speaker mixing variabilities at different levels of signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs). In this study two kinds of SNR-dependent DNNs, namely positive and negative DNNs, are trained to cover the mixed speech signals with positive and negative SNR levels, respectively. At the separation stage, a first-pass separation using a general DNN can give an accurate SNR estimation for a model selection. Experimental results on the Speech Separation Challenge (SSC) task show that SND-DNNs could yield significant performance improvements for both speech separation and recognition over a general DNN. Furthermore, this purely front-end processing method achieves a relative word error rate reduction of 11.6% over a state-of-the-art recognition system where a complicated joint decoding framework needs to be implemented in the back-end.
Concept Development and Design of a Spherical Wheel Motor (SWM) (2005)

This paper presents the design concept, models, and open-loop control of a particular form of a variablereluctance spherical motor (VRSM), referred here as a spherical wheel motor (SWM). Unlike existing spherical motors where design focuses have been on controlling the three degrees of freedom (DOF) angular displacements, the SWM offers a means to control the orientation of a continuously rotating shaft in an open-loop (OL) fashion. We provide a formula for deriving different switching sequences (full step and fractional step) for a specified current magnitude and pole configurations. The concept feasibility of an OL controlled SWM has been experimentally demonstrated on a prototype that has 8 rotor permanent-magnet (PM) pole-pairs and 10 stator electromagnet (EM) pole-pairs.
Networked LQG control over lossy channels with computational/packet-transmission delays and coarsely quantised packets (2015)

This article addresses the linear quadratic Gaussian (LQG) control problem of networked multi-input, multi-output systems where computational delay exists and the measurement and control signals are packetised and transmitted through a network within which random delay and packet loss may occur during transmissions. A transmission control protocol (TCP)-like protocol for the communication network is considered in which acknowledgement is sent from the actuator to the controller if and only if the control packet is received, assuming these acknowledgements always reach the estimator in time and without fail. To minimise the data word-length for transmissions over the network and to maximise control system performance, it is proposed that different quantisation resolutions be used for transmission data encapsulation, and control and output signals A/D-D/A conversions at sensor/actuator. To circumvent the problem of disparity between encapsulation and A/D-D/A quantisation resolutions, a pseudo-stochastic approach via subtractive dither is applied to quantise the transmission packets. This also enables us to model the quantisation errors as uncorrelated independent zero-mean additive white noises and apply standard LQG methodology and separation principle to design the estimator and the controller separately. An example is included to demonstrate the effectiveness of the approach.
Exploring Phase Coherence in a 2D Lattice of Bose-Einstein Condensates (2001)

Bose-Einstein condensates of rubidium atoms are stored in a two-dimensional periodic dipole force potential, formed by a pair of standing wave laser fields. The resulting potential consists of a lattice of tightly confining tubes, each filled with a 1D quantum gas. Tunnel coupling between neighboring tubes is controlled by the intensity of the laser fields. By observing the interference pattern of atoms released from more than 3000 individual lattice tubes, the phase coherence of the coupled quantum gases is studied. The lifetime of the condensate in the lattice and the dependence of the interference pattern on the lattice configuration are investigated.
Effect of Conventional Controlled-Rate Freezing and Vitrification on Morphology and Metabolism of Bovine Blastocysts Produced In Vitro1 (2001)

This study compares the effects of conventional controlled-rate freezing and vitrification on the morphology and metabolism of in vitro-produced bovine blastocysts. Day 7 expanded blastocysts cultured in synthetic oviduct fluid with 5% fetal calf serum were frozen in 1.36 M glycerol, 0.25 M sucrose or vitrified in 25% glycerol, 25% ethylene glycol. Cell alterations and in vitro development were evaluated immediately after thawing or after 72 h. The effect of cryopreservation on inner cell mass and trophectoderm (TE) cell number as well as glucose, pyruvate, and oxygen uptakes, and lactate release by blastocysts were evaluated. Immediately after thawing, blastocysts showed equivalent cell membrane permeabilization after both cryopreservation procedures, while alterations in nuclear staining were more frequent in vitrified embryos. After culture, similar survival and hatching rates were observed. Both procedures decreased cell number immediately after thawing and after 72 h. However, the number of TE cells was lower in frozen embryos than in vitrified ones. In relation to this, frozen blastocysts showed a decrease in glucose, pyruvate, and oxygen uptake, although those parameters were not altered in vitrified embryos. An increased glycolytic activity was also observed in frozen embryos, indicating a stress response to this procedure.
Evolution of Top of Pile Measurement Techniques in Deep Foundation Static Load Testing (2009)

Ensuring the accuracy of collected data during deep foundation static load tests is of paramount importance. Typically, pile head displacements are measured relative to a purpose-built reference system, which is assumed to be fixed. This study presents a simplified error analysis of this assumption, illustrates the potential magnitude of these errors, and proposes an improved method of pile head displacement monitoring.
Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Secretion from Hypothalamic Neurons: Stimulation by Insulin and Potentiation by Leptin (2003)

Insulin and leptin are peripheral metabolic factors signaling the body needs in energy to the central nervous system. Because energy homeostasis and reproductive function are closely related phenomena, we investigated the respective roles played by insulin and leptin in the hypothalamic control of GnRH secretion. We observed that increasing circulating insulin levels, by performing hyperinsulinemic clamp studies in male mice, was associated with a significant rise in LH secretion. This effect of insulin is likely mediated at the hypothalamic level, because it was also found to stimulate the secretion and the expression of GnRH by hypothalamic neurons in culture. Leptin was found to potentiate the effect of insulin on GnRH secretion in vitro but was devoid of any effect on its own. These data represent the first evidence of direct insulin sensing by hypothalamic neurons involved in activating the neuroendocrine gonadotrope axis. They also demonstrate that these neurons can integrate different hormonal signals to modulate net hypothalamic GnRH output. We propose that such integration is an essential mechanism for the adaptation of reproductive function to changes in the metabolic status of an individual.
Sickle Cell Lung Disease and Sudden Death (2007)

Sudden death in the setting of sickle cell lung disease (SCLD), is periodically seen in the practice of medical examiners. The goal of the present study was to identify the most common pathologic findings of SCLD associated with sudden or unexpected death. A retrospective/prospective review of 21 autopsy cases from sickle cell patients between 1990 and 2004 was performed. Review of medical records, autopsy reports, and H&E-stained slides of lung tissue was performed. Oil-Red-O and elastic staining of lung tissue were evaluated. All cases were screened for both acute and chronic forms of SCLD. Patients admitted for sickle cell pain crisis ranged in age from 8 months to 65 years. Fifteen out of 21 cases (71.4%) showed significant pulmonary pathology. The most frequent lung findings included pulmonary edema (47.6%), pulmonary thromboembolism (38.1%), fat emboli (33.3%), pulmonary hypertension, grades I-IV (33.3%), and microvascular occlusive thrombi (28.5%). Our study demonstrates higher-than-expected percentages of acute and chronic sickle cell-related lung injury such as fat embolism (33.3%) and pulmonary hypertension (33.3%), with right ventricular hypertrophy (33.3%). Therefore, we propose a simple and high-yield autopsy algorithm of ancillary procedures that should be applied on all known and suspected autopsy cases of sickle cell disease.
Privacy-preserving Social Distance Monitoring on Microcontrollers with Low-Resolution Infrared Sensors and CNNs (2022)

Low-resolution infrared (IR) array sensors offer a low-cost, low-power, and privacy-preserving alternative to optical cameras and smartphones/wearables for social distance monitoring in indoor spaces, permitting the recognition of basic shapes, without revealing the personal details of individuals. In this work, we demonstrate that an accurate detection of social distance violations can be achieved processing the raw output of a 8x8 IR array sensor with a small-sized Convolutional Neural Network (CNN). Furthermore, the CNN can be executed directly on a Microcontroller (MCU)-based sensor node. With results on a newly collected open dataset, we show that our best CNN achieves 86.3% balanced accuracy, significantly outperforming the 61% achieved by a state-of-the-art deterministic algorithm. Changing the architectural parameters of the CNN, we obtain a rich Pareto set of models, spanning 70.5-86.3% accuracy and 0.18-75k parameters. Deployed on a STM32L476RG MCU, these models have a latency of 0.73-5.33ms, with an energy consumption per inference of 9.38-68.57μJ.
In-situ oxygen x-ray absorption spectroscopy investigation of the resistance modulation mechanism in LiNbO2 memristors (2012)

In situ near edge x-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy (NEXAFS) is performed on LiNbO2 analog memristors to identify the underlying analog resistance modulation mechanism. Empty electronic state gradients in the NEXAFS difference spectra are observed in biased devices indicating a gradual movement of lithium. This movement of lithium supports the assertion that simple ion dopant drift and diffusion dominate the analog memristor’s resistance response. By identifying the physical memristance mechanism in analog LiNbO2 memristors, suggestions are made for additions to the memristor to modify device performance for both neuromorphic computing and memory applications.
On Session Continuation among Slices for Inter-Slice Mobility Support in 3GPP Service-based Architecture (2020)

The 3GPP has provided its first standard specifications for network slicing in the recent Release 15. The fundamental principles are specified which constitute the standard network slicing framework. These specifications, however, lack the session continuation mechanisms among slices, which is a fundamental requirement to achieve inter-slice mobility. In this paper, we propose three solutions which enable session continuation among slices in the current 3GPP network slicing framework. These solutions are based on existing, well-established standard mechanisms. The first solution is based on the Return Routability/Binding Update (RR/BU) procedure of the popular Internet standard, Mobile IPv6 (MIPv6). The second solution is based on the 3GPP standard GPRS Tunnelling Protocol User Plane (GTPv1-U), which establishes a GTP tunnel between previous and new slice for session continuation. The third solution is a hybrid solution of both MIPv6-RR/BU and GTPv1-U protocols. We compare the performance of all these solutions through analytical modelling. Results show that the GTPv1-U based and the hybrid MIPv6/GTPv1-U solutions promise lower service disruption latency, however, incur higher resource utilization overhead compared to MIPv6-RR/BU and 3GPP standard PDU Session Establishment process.
A novel tubular superconductor stabilized with static pressurized helium (1994)

A new superconductor concept for encapsulated, medium-size magnets with a significantly increased stability margin is presented. A tubular superconductor (TSC) of a few millimeters outer diameter is drawn from a billet (normal metal+superconducting inserts). After winding, the TSC is filled with static gaseous helium under pressure, which serves as an enthalpy stabilizer. The approach is beneficial both for NbTi and Nb/sub 3/Sn magnets, including conductively cooled magnets. For example, Nb/sub 3/Sn TSC magnet for 8 T, 8 K operation has a stability margin up to 8 times greater than a corresponding magnet using a conventional conductor. The stability margin against slow (steady-state) and transient disturbances has been analyzed for TSC and cable-in-conduit conductors (CICC). Analytical expressions for the stability margin have been obtained and optimal helium cross-section have been determined. Results can be used to design helium-filled conductors for magnets operating to maximum stability margin.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Augmenting immersive cinematic experience/scene with user body visualization. (2016)

For the proposed masters thesis project, I conducted research into how computer graphics and emerging interactive technologies can be combined to create new immersive home entertainment experiences. It has the potential to change how people engage with the film from watching to experiencing it. Recent advances in hardware technology have led consumer level head-mounted displays to be ideal for immersive visualization providing wide-angle 3D stereo viewing. This project's involvement is to develop technology for blending the body of the user and the surrounding environment into a cinematic scene; doing so would provide the perception that the human viewer and digital content are in the same space. As a home entertainment experience, the system has to be simple, portable and easy to set up like a home video game console. The setup includes a head mounted display, an optical sensor to capture information about the user's environment, and some form of keying technology or technique to composite the user's body into a movie scene. Further investigation went into exploring different characteristics of 360 spherical panoramic movies and its effects with user embodiment on immersion; and also the type of control over blending the user body and surrounding environment that people would prefer; and lastly the type of interface that would be used to control this blending. Results showed a significant difference in the sense of presence and level of user engagement between when body visualization is present and when it is not present. It also showed that people preferred either shared or manual control with automated control the least. Implications of the results with valuable user feedback questioned how user embodiment should be presented and interaction should be supported now that the virtual environment is not any normal computer generated setting, but a cinematic virtual world driven by a story behind it. A set of guidelines is presented at the end with the target of a home entertainment system in mind.
Recent Advances in Targeted Nanotherapeutic Approaches for Breast Cancer Management (2021)

Breast cancer is the most commonly occurring tumor disease worldwide. Breast cancer is currently managed by conventional chemotherapy, which is inadequate in curbing this heterogeneous disease and results in off-site toxic effects, suggesting effective treatment approaches with better therapeutic profiles are needed. This review, therefore, focuses on the recent advancements in delivering therapeutics to the target site using passive and/or active targeted nanodrug-delivery systems to ameliorate endolysosomal escape. In addition, recent strategies in targeting breast cancer stem cells are discussed. The role of naturally cell-secreted nanovesicles (exosomes) in the management of triple-negative breast cancer is also discussed.