gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Incomplete Differentiation of Antigen-Specific CD8 T Cells in Tumor-Draining Lymph Nodes (2006)

CD8 T cells lacking effector activity have been recovered from lymphoid organs of mice and patients with progressing tumors. We explored the basis for lack of effector activity in tumor-bearing mice by evaluating Ag presentation and CD8 T cell function in lymphoid organs over the course of tumor outgrowth. Early after tumor injection, cross-presentation by bone marrow-derived APC was necessary for T cell activation, inducing proliferation and differentiation into IFN-gamma-producing, cytolytic effectors. At later stages of outgrowth, tumor metastasized to draining lymph nodes. Both cross- and direct presentation occurred, but T cell differentiation induced by either modality was incomplete (proliferation without cytokine production). T cells within tumor-infiltrated nodes differentiated appropriately if Ag was presented by activated, exogenous dendritic cells. Thus, activated T cells lacking effector function develop through incomplete differentiation in the lymph nodes of late-stage tumor-bearing mice, rather than through suppression of previously differentiated cells.
The Court Suppression and Non-Publication Orders Act 2010 Commences (2011)

The Court Suppression and Non-publication Orders Act 2010 ('CSNO Act') commenced on 1 July 2011. The following article outlines the origins of this legislation, its main provisions and scope, and the consequences if an order made under the Act is contravened.
Circulating Lymphocyte Subsets in Human Acute Pancreatitis (1995)

We investigated peripheral lymphocyte subsets in 34 consecutive acute pancreatitis patients (21 males, 13 females; mean age, 57 years; range, 16-85 years) studied within 48 h of pain onset and for 5 consecutive days to understand better the immunological response during the course of the disease. The diagnosis was based on characteristic abdominal pain associated with a twofold increase in serum lipase and confirmed by imaging techniques in all patients. Acute pancreatitis was of biliary origin in 25 patients, due to alcohol abuse in 5, due to pancreas divisum in 1, and of unknown origin in 3. Fifteen patients had severe illness and 19 had mild disease. In all patients, total lymphocyte and lymphocyte subset counts were carried out on admission, as well as on the third and fifth day of hospitalization, using a flow cytometric analysis. Twenty-three patients (13 with severe illness and 10 with mild disease) also had a repeat count 1 month after recovery. Twenty-five healthy subjects and 27 patients with nonpancreatic acute abdomen comparable for sex and age were studied as controls. On the first day of the study, the leukocyte number was significantly higher in patients with acute pancreatitis and in those with nonpancreatic acute abdomen with respect to healthy subjects, whereas the number of total and CD4+, CD8+, CD3+ DR-, and CD3- DR+ lymphocytes was significantly lower in acute pancreatitis patients than in healthy subjects or in patients with nonpancreatic acute abdomen. These subject counts persisted on the third and fifth days of the study.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Language Mapping in Multilingual Patients: Electrocorticography and Cortical Stimulation During Naming (2011)

Multilingual patients pose a unique challenge when planning epilepsy surgery near language cortex because the cortical representations of each language may be distinct. These distinctions may not be evident with routine electrocortical stimulation mapping (ESM). Electrocorticography (ECoG) has recently been used to detect task-related spectral perturbations associated with functional brain activation. We hypothesized that using broadband high gamma augmentation (HGA, 60-150 Hz) as an index of cortical activation, ECoG would complement ESM in discriminating the cortical representations of first (L1) and second (L2) languages. We studied four adult patients for whom English was a second language, in whom subdural electrodes (a total of 358) were implanted to guide epilepsy surgery. Patients underwent ECoG recordings and ESM while performing the same visual object naming task in L1 and L2. In three of four patients, ECoG found sites activated during naming in one language but not the other. These language-specific sites were not identified using ESM. In addition, ECoG HGA was observed at more sites during L2 versus L1 naming in two patients, suggesting that L2 processing required additional cortical resources compared to L1 processing in these individuals. Post-operative language deficits were identified in three patients (one in L2 only). These deficits were predicted by ECoG spectral mapping but not by ESM. These results suggest that pre-surgical mapping should include evaluation of all utilized languages to avoid post-operative functional deficits. Finally, this study suggests that ECoG spectral mapping may potentially complement the results of ESM of language.
The role of backside polishing, cup angle, and polyethylene thickness on the contact stresses in metal-backed acetabular components (1997)

Mechanical interactions between the polyethylene liner and the metal-backing play an important role in the load transfer and debris-generation mechanisms of an acetabular component. Insert thickness, cup orientation, and insert-shell interface conditions affect the resulting contact stresses at the articulating and backside surfaces of the polyethylene component. The objective of this study was to determine the variation in contact stresses on a hemispherical acetabular component as a function of the friction coefficient of the line-shell interface, the thickness of the insert, and the load application angle. Three-dimensional finite element models of a metal-backed acetabular component with liner thicknesses of 3-12 mm were developed. The insert-shell interface was modeled as either matte or highly polished, and the load angle of the joint reaction force was changed from 36 to 63 degrees with respect to the dome. We found that the contact stresses at the articulating and backside surfaces of the insert were relatively insensitive to changes in the coefficient of friction at the insert-shell interface (resulting in approximately 1-10% variation in contact stress), when compared to the effect of changing the insert's thickness (approximately 80% variation in contact stress) or changing the direction of the joint reaction force (approximately 20% variation in contact stress). The results of this study suggest that polishing the metal at the insert-shell interface does not substantially change the contact stresses at either surface of the component. Of the design variables available for selective modification by either the surgeon or the engineer, insert thickness and shell orientation play a greater role in determining the magnitude of the resulting contact stresses.
Literally unthinkable? (2018)

The body of witchcraft literature is much too large to permit a complete survey; there is, however, a smaller group of works that could be considered canonical, at least from the perspective of contemporary scholarship. This chapter presents data compiled from ten of these canonical works, as well as a brief discussion of demonological illustrations. Stuart Clark's statement that demonological theory about gender and witchcraft did not conform to the patterns of prosecution appears somewhat too broad. Clark's conclusions are similar to those of Eric Wilson, whose Cambridge dissertation is the first modern study in English of the Malleus maleficarum. Both Clark and Wilson suggest that early modern demonology was sex-specific and thus different from witchcraft prosecutions, which were merely sex-related.
A Statistical Evaluation of Recent Full Reference Image Quality Assessment Algorithms (2006)

Measurement of visual quality is of fundamental importance for numerous image and video processing applications, where the goal of quality assessment (QA) algorithms is to automatically assess the quality of images or videos in agreement with human quality judgments. Over the years, many researchers have taken different approaches to the problem and have contributed significant research in this area and claim to have made progress in their respective domains. It is important to evaluate the performance of these algorithms in a comparative setting and analyze the strengths and weaknesses of these methods. In this paper, we present results of an extensive subjective quality assessment study in which a total of 779 distorted images were evaluated by about two dozen human subjects. The "ground truth" image quality data obtained from about 25,000 individual human quality judgments is used to evaluate the performance of several prominent full-reference image quality assessment algorithms. To the best of our knowledge, apart from video quality studies conducted by the Video Quality Experts Group, the study presented in this paper is the largest subjective image quality study in the literature in terms of number of images, distortion types, and number of human judgments per image. Moreover, we have made the data from the study freely available to the research community. This would allow other researchers to easily report comparative results in the future.
Three SNARE complexes cooperate to mediate membrane fusion (2001)

Soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptor (SNARE) proteins of the syntaxin, SNAP-25, and VAMP families mediate intracellular membrane fusion through the formation of helical bundles that span opposing membranes. Soluble SNARE domains that lack their integral membrane anchors inhibit membrane fusion by forming nonfunctional complexes with endogenous SNARE proteins. In this study we investigate the dependence of membrane fusion on the concentration of a soluble SNARE coil domain derived from VAMP2. The increase in the inhibition of fusion observed with increasing concentration of inhibitor is best fit to a function that suggests three SNARE complexes cooperate to mediate fusion of a single vesicle. These three complexes likely contribute part of a protein and lipidic fusion pore.
Activity of the Antifungal Protein from Aspergillus giganteus Against Botrytis cinerea (2003)

ABSTRACT Botrytis blight (gray mold), caused by Botrytis cinerea, is one of the most widely distributed diseases of ornamental plants. In geranium plants, gray mold is responsible for important losses in production. The mold Aspergillus giganteus is known to produce and secrete a basic low-molecular-weight protein, the antifungal protein (AFP). Here, the antifungal properties of the Aspergillus AFP against various B. cinerea isolates obtained from naturally infected geranium plants were investigated. AFP strongly inhibited mycelial growth as well as conidial germination of B. cinerea. Microscopic observations of fungal cultures treated with AFP revealed reduced hyphal elongation and swollen hyphal tips. Washout experiments in which B. cinerea was incubated with AFP for different periods of time and then washed away revealed a fungicidal activity of AFP. Application of AFP on geranium plants protected leaves against Botrytis infection. Cecropin A also was active against this pathogen. An additive effect against the fungus was observed when AFP was combined with cecropin A. These results are discussed in relation to the potential of the afp gene to enhance crop protection against B. cinerea diseases.
Hair Whorls in the Dog (Canis familiaris). I. Distribution (2010)

Hair whorl characteristics were assessed in the domestic dog (Canis familiaris) in the regions of cephalic, cervical (dorsal, ventral, and lateral), thoracic and brachial axillary regions, the chest, shoulders, elbows, ventral abdominal region, and on the caudal thighs (ischiatic). They were classified as simple or tufted, and their position was recorded as the distance between their centers and bony landmarks within each region. The distribution of whorls was explored in a cohort of domestic dogs (N = 120) comprising a variety of breeds and cross-breeds, sourced from shelters (N = 60) and the general public (N = 60). Whorls observed in the majority of dogs in this cohort typically occurred on the chest, brachial axillary region, elbows, and ischiatic region. Atypical whorls were present in fewer than 20% of the population, and included those on the head (cephalic), cervical regions (dorsal, ventral, and lateral), shoulders, thoracic axillary region, and on the ventral abdominal region. The majority of whorls on dogs were classified as simple. In contrast, those located on the elbows and the majority of chest whorls were tufted. The presence and position of whorls were often associated with several variables including coat length and thickness, and the sex and source of the dog. The palpation and hair-cluster method of whorl assessment described in this article is best suited to dogs with short-to-medium coat lengths. The current methodology developed to assess hair whorl characteristics provides a framework for future investigations into any associations between hair whorl characteristics and other canine traits such as temperament.
Relationship between mixed chimerism and rejection after bone marrow transplantation in thalassaemia. (2008)

Our study confirmed that the presence of large amounts of residual host cells within the first 2 months after a transplant is a risk factor for graft rejection also in a group of patients with wide ethnic heterogeneity, irregular transfusion regimens and/or poor chelation treatment. Ten percent of the transplanted thalassaemic patients maintained coexistence of donor and recipient cells, showing a stable functional graft, characterized by normal production of beta globin chains and high levels of haemoglobin. A mechanism responsible for peripheral tolerance induction, such as the production of specific regulatory T-cell clones, seems to play a key role in the induction of long-term tolerance after the transplant.
Self-starting passively mode-locked neodymium fiber laser (1993)

Novel intelligent fiber telecommunication networks1 are in need of simple high-power subpicosecond pulse sources. Particularly in the context of clock recovery and synchronization, Nd fiber oscillators are an attractive candidate. The short length of the gain medium (&lt;20 cm) potentially permits derivation of a high-repetition-rate high-power (&gt;200 pJ) clock signal at the fundamental cavity frequency, whereas in Er oscillators the long length of the gain medium imposes severe restrictions on both the pulse energy and the repetition rate of the pulse trains.2,3 However, a major limitation of passively mode-locked Nd fiber lasers to date4 has been that an active modulator is required for initiating the pulses, which greatly increases the cost of a potential device. In addition, the absence of the modulator decreases material dispersion considerably and thus increases the compactness and stability of the system. As a further benefit, the output power increases because of reduced intracavity losses. Here we demonstrate for the first time to our knowledge passive mode-locked operation of a Nd fiber oscillator, where a simple translation of a cavity mirror is sufficient to initiate pulse formation. The method yields pulses as short as 53 fs with an energy content of 1 nJ. In an additional derivation of the cavity design we also demonstrate direct 34-fs pulse generation in the oscillator; these are to our knowledge the shortest pulses yet obtained with a waveguide laser.
Synthesis, Characterization and Cytotoxic Activities of Half‐sandwich Pentamethylcyclopentadienyl Iridium(III) Complexes Containing 4,4'‐substituted 2,2'‐Bipyridine Ligands (2023)

Abstract The synthesis and characterization of six new organometallic half‐sandwich iridium(III) compounds containing modified 4,4'‐substituted 2,2'‐bipyridines as the bidentate co‐ligands were described. Thus the compounds [Ir(η 5 ‐C 5 Me 5 )(N^N)Cl]PF 6 [N^N: 4,4'‐bpy‐Ph, 1 ; 4,4'‐bpy‐Me, 2 ; 4,4'‐bpy‐nonyl, 3 ; 4,4'‐bpy‐CH 2 OH, 4 ; 4,4'‐bpy‐Cl, 5 ; 4,4'‐bpy‐NH 2 , 6 were obtained by bridge‐splitting reactions from the precursor [{Ir(η 5 ‐C 5 Me 5 )(μ‐Cl)Cl} 2 ] with the corresponding bidentate bipyridines. The X‐ray single‐crystal structures of compounds 1 , 2 , 4 and 6 in the solid state were determined. To evaluate the cytotoxic properties of all six compounds, colorimetric assays (MTT assay) against two cancer cell lines, MCF‐7 and HT‐29, were performed. Most promising results were achieved for compounds 1 and 3 with nonpolar phenyl or nonyl group attached to the bipyridine ligand, while the substitution with less lipophilic groups led to the inactivation of the compound. The most remarkable biological activity showed compound 3 with an IC 50 value in the low macromolecular range and &gt;40‐fold enhanced toxicity compared to cisplatin against both cell lines.
Three-Dimensional Microscopy of the Rad51 Recombination Protein during Meiotic Prophase (1999)

Amie E. Franklin, John McElver, Ivana Sunjevaric, Rodney Rothstein, Ben Bowen, W. Zacheus Cande, Three-Dimensional Microscopy of the Rad51 Recombination Protein during Meiotic Prophase, The Plant Cell, Vol. 11, No. 5 (May, 1999), pp. 809-824
Atrophy and hypertrophy of skeletal muscles: structural and functional aspects (2006)

This review summarizes current information on structural and functional changes that occur during muscle atrophy and hypertrophy. Most published studies consider an increase in total mass of a muscle as hypertrophy, whereas a decrease in total mass of a muscle is referred to as atrophy. In hypertrophy, the rate of synthesis is much higher than the rate of degradation of muscle contractile proteins, leading to an increase in the size or volume of an organ due to enlargement of existing cells. When a muscle remains in disuse for a long period, the rate of degradation of contractile proteins becomes greater than the rate of replacement, resulting in muscle atrophy. This defect may occur as a result of lack of nutrition, loss of nerve supply, micro-gravity, ageing, systemic disease, prolonged immobilization or disuse. An understanding of the specific modifications that occur during muscle atrophy and hypertrophy may facilitate the development of novel techniques, as well as new therapies for affected muscles.
Improving Nitrogen Use Efficiency for Cereal Production (1999)

Abstract Worldwide, nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) for cereal production (wheat, Triticum aestivum L.; corn, Zea mays L.; rice, Oryza sativa L. and O. glaberrima Steud.; barley, Hordeum vulgare L.; sorghum, Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench; millet, Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.; oat, Avena sativa L.; and rye, Secale cereale L.) is approximately 33%. The unaccounted 67% represents a $15.9 billion annual loss of N fertilizer (assuming fertilizer‐soil equilibrium). Loss of fertilizer N results from gaseous plant emission, soil denitrification, surface runoff, volatilization, and leaching. Increased cereal NUE is unlikely, unless a systems approach is implemented that uses varieties with high harvest index, incorporated NH 4 ‐N fertilizer, application of prescribed rates consistent with in‐field variability using sensor‐based systems within production fields, low N rates applied at flowering, and forage production systems. Furthermore, increased cereal NUE must accompany increased yields needed to feed a growing world population that has yet to benefit from the promise of N 2 ‐fixing cereal crops. The Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research (CGIAR) linked with advanced research programs at universities and research institutes is uniquely positioned to refine fertilizer N use in the world via the extension of improved NUE hybrids and cultivars and management practices in both the developed and developing world.
Laser-assisted deposition of thin films from gas-phase and surface-adsorbed molecules (1989)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTLaser-assisted deposition of thin films from gas-phase and surface-adsorbed moleculesIrving P. HermanCite this: Chem. Rev. 1989, 89, 6, 1323–1357Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1989Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1989https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cr00096a005https://doi.org/10.1021/cr00096a005research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views751Altmetric-Citations174LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
SiGe Circuits for Future LEO Constellations (2022)

This work presents an overview of the current state-of-the-art Power Amplifiers and Low-Noise amplifiers in the 40–75 GHz frequency band (i.e., V -band). These RF blocks are critical for the development of future LEO constellations that have recently begun to target these frequencies. Special attention is brought to GaAs, GaN, SiGe, FDSOI and classical CMOS technologies. The aim of the paper is to give a clear overview of the attainable performances with each technology as well as their relative trade-offs.
A Micro-Scale Method for the Conjugation of Affinity-Purified Fab' to β-D-Galactosidase from Escherichia coli (1985)

A micro-scale method for the conjugation of affinity-purified Fab' to beta-D-galactosidase from Escherichia coli is described. Rabbit anti-human chorionic gonadotropin serum (0.2 ml) was digested with pepsin to convert IgG to F(ab')2 and applied to a column of human chorionic gonadotropin-Sepharose 4B, followed by elution at pH 2.5. The affinity-purified anti-human chorionic gonadotropin F(ab')2 was mixed with non-specific goat F(ab')2 (0.5 mg) as a carrier, reduced with 2-mercaptoethylamine to split F(ab')2 to Fab' and conjugated to beta-D-galactosidase using N,N'-o-phenylenedimaleimide. The affinity-purified rabbit anti-human chorionic gonadotropin Fab'-beta-D-galactosidase conjugate was separated from non-specific goat Fab'-beta-D-galactosidase conjugate and unconjugated beta-D-galactosidase by affinity chromatography on a column of goat (anti-rabbit IgG) IgG-Sepharose 4B using 4 M urea. The amount of the affinity-purified conjugate obtained was 56-69 micrograms. The detection limit of human chorionic gonadotropin by a sandwich enzyme immunoassay technique was improved 30-fold by using the affinity-purified conjugate as compared with that before affinity-purification. This method is applicable to the conjugation with alkaline phosphatase from calf intestine and probably also other enzymes which are stable in 4 M urea.
Design of coupled resonator filters using admittance and scattering matrices (2004)

The longitudinal coupling of thin film bulk acoustic resonator (FBAR) is investigated in order to design coupled resonator filter (CRF). Such devices are dedicated to high-frequency filter applications. A scattering matrix algorithm that was already used to simulate simple FBARs devices is used to study the behavior of these structures. The principle of the algorithm is recalled and is explained how it can be adapted to the simulation of multiport devices. Then an example of filter design is given.