gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Autoregulation of the gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) system during puberty: effects of antagonistic versus agonistic GnRH analogs in a female rat model (2001)

To address whether gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) regulates its own expression and the expression of its receptor in the hypothalamus and ovary, we treated five groups of prepubertal/peripubertal female rats from postnatal days 25-36 with either the GnRH agonist triptorelin (TRIP) or the GnRH antagonist cetrorelix (CET), each 10 or 100 microgram/day, or a placebo. We compared their effects regarding pubertal development, serum gonadotropins and the expression of GnRH and GnRH-receptor in the hypothalamus, pituitary, ovary and uterus. Onset of puberty was determined by vaginal opening, and expression levels of GnRH and GnRH-receptor were determined using either quantitative real-time PCR or competitive RT-PCR. Onset of puberty was retarded by both analogs but CET (100 microgram/day) inhibited while TRIP (10 and 100 microgram/day) stimulated serum gonadotropins (P<0.05). The expression of GnRH in the preoptic area did not show significant differences among the treatment groups but ovarian GnRH mRNA levels were significantly stimulated by CET (100 microgram/day). GnRH mRNA could not be detected in the uterus by either real-time PCR or competetive RT-PCR. The GnRH-receptor expression in the hypothalamus (preoptic area and mediobasal hypothalamus) did not vary among any of the groups, whereas in the pituitary GnRH-receptor mRNA levels were stimulated by TRIP (10 microgram/day) but inhibited by CET (100 microgram/day). In contrast, in the ovary GnRH-receptor mRNA levels were inhibited by both TRIP (100 microgram/day) and CET (100 microgram/day). Interestingly, the GnRH-receptor was even expressed in the uterus where it was strongly stimulated by both CET and TRIP in a dose-related manner. This shows that in addition to their different pituitary effects, the GnRH analogs cetrorelix and triptorelin exert different actions at the hypothalamic, ovarian and uterine level. This study also demonstrates an organ-specific regulation of GnRH and GnRH-receptor gene expression which is likely part of a local autoregulatory system. We conclude that the ovarian and uterine effects of GnRH analogs must be considered in addition to their known pituitary effects when deciding which GnRH analog is most suitable for treating precocious puberty.
Characterization of the radial electric field and edge velocity shear in Wendelstein 7-X (2020)

In this work we present the first measurements obtained by the V-band Doppler reflectometer during the second operation phase of Wendelstein 7-X to discuss the influence in the velocity shear layer and the radial electric field, E$_r$, of several plasma parameters such as magnetic configuration, rotational transform or degree of detachment. In the first place, we carry out a systematic characterization of the turbulence rotation velocity profile in order to describe the influence of density and heating power on E$_r$ under the four most frequent magnetic configurations. The $|$E$_r|$ value in the edge is found to increase with configurations featuring higher $ι$, although this does not apply for the high mirror configuration, KJM. As well, the E$_r$ value in the SOL and the velocity shear near the separatrix are found to display a clear dependence on heating power and density for all configurations. For a number of relevant cases, these results are assessed by comparing them to neoclassical predictions obtained from the codes DKES and KNOSOS, finding generally good agreement with experimental results. Finally, the evolution of E$_r$ at the edge is evaluated throughout the island-divertor detachment regime achieved for the first time in the 2018 campaign. After detachment, $|$E$_r|$ is reduced both at the SOL and edge, and the plasma column shrinks, with the shear layer seemingly moving radially inwards from the separatrix.
Brachial plexopathy caused by subclavian artery aneurysm in Behçet's disease (1999)

As the cause of brachial plexopathy, an aneurysm of the subclavian artery is rare and mostly related to trauma. Early diagnosis and treatment is very important because the arterial aneurysm itself is life-threatening and nerve injury can be reversible in cases of early treatment. We report a patient with Behçet's disease having a right brachial plexopathy caused by a nontraumatic aneurysm of the right subclavian artery.
Endpoint-based parallel data processing with non-blocking collective instructions in a parallel active messaging interface of a parallel computer (2023)

Endpoint-based parallel data processing with non-blocking collective instructions in a PAMI of a parallel computer is disclosed. The PAMI is composed of data communications endpoints, each including a specification of data communications parameters for a thread of execution on a compute node, including specifications of a client, a context, and a task. The compute nodes are coupled for data communications through the PAMI. The parallel application establishes a data communications geometry specifying a set of endpoints that are used in collective operations of the PAMI by associating with the geometry a list of collective algorithms valid for use with the endpoints of the geometry; registering in each endpoint in the geometry a dispatch callback function for a collective operation; and executing without blocking, through a single one of the endpoints in the geometry, an instruction for the collective operation.
IDD16 negatively regulates stomatal initiation via trans‐repression of SPCH in Arabidopsis (2019)

In Arabidopsis, the initiation and proliferation of stomatal lineage cells is controlled by SPEECHLESS (SPCH). Phosphorylation of SPCH at the post-translational level has been reported to regulate stomatal development. Here we report that IDD16 acts as a negative regulator for stomatal initiation by directly regulating SPCH transcription. In Arabidopsis, IDD16 overexpression decreased abaxial stomatal density in a dose-dependent manner. Time course analysis revealed that the initiation of stomatal precursor cells in the IDD16-OE plants was severely inhibited. Consistent with these findings, the transcription of SPCH was greatly repressed in the IDD16-OE plants. In contrast, IDD16-RNAi transgenic line resulted in enhanced stomatal density, suggesting that IDD16 is an intrinsic regulator of stomatal development. ChIP analysis indicated that IDD16 could directly bind to the SPCH promoter. Furthermore, Arabidopsis plants overexpressing IDD16 exhibited significantly increased drought tolerance and higher integrated water use efficiency (WUE) due to reduction in leaf transpiration. Collectively, our results established that IDD16 negatively regulates stomatal initiation via trans-repression of SPCH, and thus provide a practical tool for increasing plant WUE through the manipulation of IDD16 expression.
The plastid DNA of the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum is replicated by two mechanisms (2002)

In common with other apicomplexan parasites, Plasmodium falciparum, a causative organism of human malaria, harbours a residual plastid derived from an ancient secondary endosymbiotic acquisition of an alga. The function of the 35 kb plastid genome is unknown, but its evolutionary origin and genetic content make it a likely target for chemotherapy. Pulsed field gel electrophoresis and ionizing radiation have shown that essentially all the plastid DNA comprises covalently closed circular monomers, together with a tiny minority of linear 35 kb molecules. Using two-dimensional gels and electron microscopy, two replication mechanisms have been revealed. One, sensitive to the topoisomerase inhibitor ciprofloxacin, appears to initiate at twin D-loops located in a large inverted repeat carrying duplicated rRNA and tRNA genes, whereas the second, less drug sensitive, probably involves rolling circles that initiate outside the inverted repeat.
Self-assembled monolayer-assisted thin metal polishing for fabricating uniform 3D microstructures (2005)

A self-assembled monolayer (SAM) was actively used to improve the reproducibility and yield of micromachining technology. A harsh metal mechanical polishing process was replaced with a metal wet etching process by using a hexadecanethiol (HDT) SAM as an etch-protect mask. The fundamental results of the experiment show the excellent ability of the HDT SAM in protecting the gold from the gold wet etchant and the wide process margin. The proposed process, which was used to fabricate a 3D suspended inductor, greatly improves the process yield. The proposed micromachining technology with a SAM is expected to have a variety of applications for the highly reproducible and uniform fabrication of MEMS.
Pro‐Drug of Forskolin and Its 2‐Hydroxyacyl Analogues. (2006)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Automatic calibration of modulated fractional-N frequency synthesizers (2001)

Doctor of Philosophy in Electrical Engineering and Computer Science The focus of this research has been the development of a low power, radio frequency transmitter architecture. Specifically, a technique for in service automatic calibration of a modulated phase locked loop (PLL) frequency synthesizer has been developed. Phase/frequency modulation is ac-complished by modulating the feedback divide value in a phase locked loop frequency synthesizer. A digital precompensation filter is used to extend the modulation bandwidth by canceling the low-pass transfer function of the PLL. The automatic calibration circuit maintains accurate matching between the digital precompensation filter and the analog PLL transfer function across process and temperature variations. The automatic calibration circuit, which is the main contribution of this thesis, operates while the transmitter is in service. This online calibration eliminates the need for production calibration and periodic down time for calibration cycles. In addition the calibration circuitry provides greater accuracy in the modulation than what is possible via offline methods of calibration. The calibration circuit works with M-ary GFSK as well as 2 level GFSK.
Supplementary Table from Phase Ib Study of Chemoprevention with Green Tea Polyphenon E and Erlotinib in Patients with Advanced Premalignant Lesions (APL) of the Head and Neck (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Table S1: Univariate Association with Tissue Response&lt;/p&gt;
Effect of Amphotericin B on the Permeability of the Toad Bladder* (1965)

Neurohypophyseal hormones have been found to induce large net transfers of water across various transporting epithelia from anurans while the low permeability of these tissues to small solute mole- cules is retained. Since the water is considered to move in bulk through aqueous channels in such circumstances (1, 2), an explanation has been needed to account for the concomitant low perme- ability of these channels to small hydrophilic sol- utes. Andersen and Ussing (3) postulated the existence of a double series permeability barrier to account for this discrepancy in toad skin, and this concept has been extended to the toad bladder (4). A homogeneous outer diffusion barrier, highly permeable to water but of low permeability to most hydrophilic solutes, is considered to overlie a deeper porous barrier in which the porosity is in- creased by neurohypophyseal hormones. Since water crosses the diffusion barrier readily, changes in the porous layer will determine the character- istics of net water transport. The penetration of the bladder by small solute molecules, effectively blocked at the outer diffusion barrier, is unaffected by hormonally induced changes in the porous layer.
Structure of cDNA clones coding for human type II procollagen. The α 1(II) chain is more similar to the α 1(I) chain than two other α chains of fibrillar collagens (1989)

Overlapping cDNA clones were isolated for human type II procollagen. Nucleotide sequencing of the clones provided over 2.5 kb of new coding sequences for the human pro alpha 1(II) gene and the first complete amino acid sequence of type II procollagen from any species. Comparison with published data for cDNA clones covering the entire lengths of the human type I and type III procollagens made it possible to compare in detail the coding sequences and primary structures of the three most abundant human fibrillar collagens. The results indicated that the marked preference in the third base codons for glycine, proline and alanine previously seen in other fibrillar collagens was maintained in type II procollagen. The domains of the pro alpha 1(II) chain are about the same size as the same domains of the pro alpha chains of type I and type III procollagens. However, the major triple-helical domain is 15 amino acid residues less than the triple-helical domain of type III procollagen. Comparison of hydropathy profiles indicated that the alpha chain domain of type II procollagen is more similar to the alpha chain domain of the pro alpha 1(I) chain than to the pro alpha 2(I) chain or the pro alpha 1(III) chain. The results therefore suggest that selective pressure in the evolution of the pro alpha 1(II) and pro alpha 1(I) genes is more similar than the selective pressure in the evolution of the pro alpha 2(I) and pro alpha 1(III) genes.
The p66Shc protein controls redox signaling and oxidation-dependent DNA damage in human liver cells (2015)

The p66Shc protein mediates oxidative stress-related injury in multiple tissues. Steatohepatitis is characterized by enhanced oxidative stress-mediated cell damage. The role of p66Shc in redox signaling was investigated in human liver cells and alcoholic steatohepatitis. HepG2 cells with overexpression of wild-type or mutant p66Shc, with Ser36 replacement by Ala, were obtained through infection with recombinant adenoviruses. Reactive oxygen species and oxidation-dependent DNA damage were assessed by measuring dihydroethidium oxidation and 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine accumulation into DNA, respectively. mRNA and protein levels of signaling intermediates were evaluated in HepG2 cells and liver biopsies from control and alcoholic steatohepatitis subjects. Exposure to H2O2 increased reactive oxygen species and phosphorylation of p66Shc on Ser36 in HepG2 cells. Overexpression of p66Shc promoted reactive oxygen species synthesis and oxidation-dependent DNA damage, which were further enhanced by H2O2. p66Shc activation also resulted in increased Erk-1/2, Akt, and FoxO3a phosphorylation. Blocking of Erk-1/2 activation inhibited p66Shc phosphorylation on Ser36. Increased p66Shc expression was associated with reduced mRNA levels of antioxidant molecules, such as NF-E2-related factor 2 and its target genes. In contrast, overexpression of the phosphorylation defective p66Shc Ala36 mutant inhibited p66Shc signaling, enhanced antioxidant genes, and suppressed reactive oxygen species and oxidation-dependent DNA damage. Increased p66Shc protein levels and Akt phosphorylation were observed in liver biopsies from alcoholic steatohepatitis compared with control subjects. In human alcoholic steatohepatitis, increased hepatocyte p66Shc protein levels may enhance susceptibility to DNA damage by oxidative stress by promoting reactive oxygen species synthesis and repressing antioxidant pathways.
Observing test response of embedded cores through surrounding logic (2003)

This paper addresses the problem of observing the test response of an embedded intellectual property core. For the core test set specified by the core vendor, the logic surrounding the core can mask errors at the output of the core such that faults in the core may go undetected. For intellectual property cores where there is no knowledge of the internal structure of the core (i.e., the core is a black box), no assumptions can be made about what errors the faults in the core may cause at the core outputs. All possible errors at the core outputs must be observable. Existing observation point insertion techniques (all of which are based on a fault model and require knowledge of the circuit structure) cannot be used. The conventional solution to this problem is to directly observe the core outputs by either multiplexing them to chip pins or placing a boundary scan around the core. This paper describes necessary and sufficient conditions (assuming no knowledge of the internal structure of the core) for guaranteeing that all errors at the outputs of the core can be observed through logic surrounding the core (combinational or sequential). A systematic method for inserting a minimal set of observation points necessary for testing a core (with either parallel or serial access) is presented.
Nrf2‐Keap1 pathway does not have an important role in cisplatin resistance in neuroblastoma (655.8) (2014)

Drug resistance is one of the major causes of treatment failure in neuroblastoma (NB). Cisplatin is one of the key chemotherapeutic agents for NB. Nuclear factor erythroid 2‐like‐2 (Nrf2) is a transcription factor that regulates anti‐oxidative stress enzymes and drug transporters, negatively regulated by Keap1 (kelch‐like ECH‐associated protein 1). Loss‐of‐function mutations of Keap1 gene and subsequent Nrf2 activation have been shown to be a mechanism of cisplatin resistance in adult cancers. We conducted this study to clarify the role of Nrf2‐Keap1 pathway in cisplatin resistance in NB. We investigated the basal activity of Nrf2 in nine NB cell lines (IMR‐32, LAN5, CHLA‐15, SH‐SY5Y, CHLA‐20, SKN‐FI, SK‐N‐BE(2), BE(2)C, CHLA‐90) using Antioxidant Response Element luciferase reporter assay. No cell lines had high reporter activities. In order to evaluate whether cisplatin activates Nrf2, we analyzed the mRNA expression of Nrf2 and its target genes (Glutamate‐Cysteine Ligase, Modifier Subunit: GCLM and NAD(P)H Dehydrogenase, Quinone 1: NQO1) after 24h treatment with cisplatin. In this experiment, we identified CHLA‐90 as one of the 3 cell lines, which showed high induction of Nrf2 target genes upon cisplatin exposure. However, knockdown of Nrf2 expression by small interfering RNA did not improve MTT assay‐measured dose‐response survival rate of CHLA‐90 with cisplatin treatment. We conclude that the Nrf2‐Keap1 pathway does not necessarily play an important role in cisplatin resistance in NB cells. Grant Funding Source : Supporter by CIHR, TCCSG, and Joseph M. West Family Memorial Fund
Assessment of Coronary Stenosis Severity and Transmural Perfusion Gradient by Myocardial Contrast Echocardiography (2000)

Power Doppler imaging has advantages compared with gray-scale imaging in opacifying the myocardium and in detecting coronary stenosis and altered transmural distribution of myocardial perfusion from peak VI. Because VI differences from baseline at long PI vary for mild versus severe (75% and 100%, respectively) reduced-flow states, power Doppler imaging may provide a method to quantify coronary stenoses.
Design and architecture for an embedded 32-bit QueueCore (2006)

Queue based instruction set architecture processor offers an attractive option in the design of embedded systems by providing high performance for a specific application. This work describes the design results and methodology of a queue processor core, named QueueCore, as a starting point for application-specific processor (ASP) design. By using simple and common base queue instruction set, the design space exploration is focused on the application-specific aspects of performance. In any new architecture, verification, which usually requires complicated and lengthy software simulation of an emulated model, is an important aspect. We show how cooperative hardware emulation, based on programmable logic, can be integrated into a co-design flow to evaluate the performance of the novel QueueCore processor and to verify the functional correctness of a specific benchmark on the system core. To avoid duplication of the design effort, different target implementations are derived from a common source. We present the evaluation results of the QueueCore for three different platforms.
A multi-spectral myelin annotation tool for machine learning based myelin quantification (2020)

<ns3:p>Myelin is an essential component of the nervous system and myelin damage causes demyelination diseases. Myelin is a sheet of oligodendrocyte membrane wrapped around the neuronal axon. In the fluorescent images, experts manually identify myelin by co-localization of oligodendrocyte and axonal membranes that fit certain shape and size criteria. Because myelin wriggles along x-y-z axes, machine learning is ideal for its segmentation. However, machine-learning methods, especially convolutional neural networks (CNNs), require a high number of annotated images, which necessitates expert labor. To facilitate myelin annotation, we developed a workflow and a software for myelin ground truth extraction from multi-spectral fluorescent images. Additionally, we shared a set of myelin ground truths annotated using this workflow.</ns3:p>
CMOS image sensor with micro-nano holes to improve NIR optical efficiency: micro-holes on top surface vs on bottom (2023)

We study the nano- and micro-structures that increase the optical efficiency of the CMOS image pixels in visible and infrared. We consider the difference between the micro-holes at the pixels' bottom and the top and the holes that are composed of smaller holes. Those solutions can facilitate the fabrication. We study the crosstalk and the optical efficiency dependence on the angle of incident of light and numerical aperture for the pixels in a camera setup.
Study of Thermodynamic Properties of Nonstoichiometric Phase with Compound Energy Model (2002)

Using compound energy model (CEM), the thermodynamic properties of <CeO2-y> and <Zr1-zCezO2-x> were evaluated. The evaluation was based on the optimization of ZrO2-CeO2 and ZrO2-CeO1.5 systems, as well as the miscibility gap in CeO1.5-CeO2 system. Except the cubic fluorite structure phase assessed with compound energy model, all the other solution phases were assessed with subsitutional solution model. The model parameters were evaluated through fitting the selected experimental data by means of thermodynamic optimization. A set of parameters with thermodynamics self-consistency was obtained and satisfactorily described the complex relation between y in <CeO2-y> and the partial pressure of oxygen at different temperatures, also the interdependence among miscellaneous factors such as temperature, oxygen partial pressure, the reduction amount of CeO2 as well as the nonstoichiometry in cubic phase <Zr1-zCezO2-x>. The calculated results seem to be reasonable when put into the explanation of pressureless sintering of CeO2-stabilized ZrO2 powder compacts at a controlled oxygen partial pressure.
Structural Safety Assessment of a Tokamak-Type Fusion Facility for a Through Crack to Cause Cooling Water Leakage and Plasma Disruption (2004)

A tokamak-type fusion machine has inherent safety associated with plasma shutdown. A small water leak can cause a plasma disruption although there is another possibility to terminate plasma without disruption. This plasma disruption will induce electromagnetic (EM) forces acting in the vacuum vessel (VV). From a radiological safety viewpoint, the VV is designed to form a physical barrier that encloses tritium and activated dust. If the VV can sustain an unstable fracture by EM forces from a through crack to cause the small leak, the structural safety will be assured and the inherent safety will be demonstrated. Therefore, a systematic approach to assure the structural safety is developed. A new analytical model to evaluate the through crack and leak rate of cooling water is proposed, with verification by experimental leak measurements. Based on the analysis, the critical crack length to terminate plasma is evaluated as about 2 mm. On the other hand, the critical crack length for unstable fracture is obtained as about 400 mm. It is concluded that EM forces induced by the small leak to terminate plasma will not cause unstable fracture of the VV; thus the inherent safety is demonstrated.