gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Research on Improving Thermal Efficiency through Variable Super-High Expansion Ratio Cycle (2010)

&lt;div class="section abstract"&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;The compression ratio and expansion ratio are fundamental parameters that determine the thermal efficiency of an SI engine, and the potential of setting these ratios to arbitrary values was studied as a way of improving engine efficiency. First, the efficiency resulting from different compression and expansion ratios was calculated from a theoretical formula. As a result, it was verified that a 20% improvement in thermal efficiency could be expected by adopting a super-high expansion ratio of 20 or higher, which is an extremely large value for an SI engine, while keeping the compression ratio within a range that can ensure appropriate combustion. Subsequently, this research calculated the possibility of improving engine efficiency under a condition that constrains the swept volume to a constant value in consideration of practicability. The results indicated that in this case the expansion ratio is determined by load, and that ideal engine characteristics can be produced in which high efficiency is attained in practical load regions while producing maximum power under full load. Finally, based upon the above efficiency calculations, the thermal efficiency was verified using an actual engine in the load region with the greatest efficiency improvement effect. In tests, the evaluations utilized a high-efficiency commercially available compact 4-cylinder SI engine with a compression ratio of 13:1. By adopting a super-high expansion ratio, the test results showed an improvement in thermal efficiency of 80% with respect to the theoretically predicted value. In addition, issues related to the adoption of a super-high expansion ratio cycle (a reduction in the degree of constant volume and an increase in cooling loss) were analyzed theoretically and some strategies for minimizing these issues were studied. The overall results indicated that the adoption of the variable super-high expansion ratio cycle proposed in this paper is highly effective as a realistic means of improving the thermal efficiency of an engine.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Notch-IGF1 signaling during liver regeneration drives biliary epithelial cell expansion and inhibits hepatocyte differentiation (2021)

In the adult liver, a population of facultative progenitor cells called biliary epithelial cells (BECs) proliferate and differentiate into cholangiocytes and hepatocytes after injury, thereby restoring liver function. In mammalian models of chronic liver injury, Notch signaling is essential for bile duct formation from these cells. However, the continual proliferation of BECs and differentiation of hepatocytes in these models have limited their use for determining whether Notch signaling is required for BECs to replenish hepatocytes after injury in the mammalian liver. Here, we used a temporally restricted model of hepatic repair in which large-scale hepatocyte injury and regeneration are initiated through the acute loss of <i>Mdm2</i> in hepatocytes, resulting in the rapid, coordinated proliferation of BECs. We found that transient, early activation of Notch1- and Notch3-mediated signaling and entrance into the cell cycle preceded the phenotypic expansion of BECs into hepatocytes. Notch inhibition reduced BEC proliferation, which resulted in failure of BECs to differentiate into hepatocytes, indicating that Notch-dependent expansion of BECs is essential for hepatocyte regeneration. Notch signaling increased the abundance of the insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF1R) in BECs, and activating IGFR signaling increased BEC numbers but suppressed BEC differentiation into hepatocytes. These results suggest that different signaling mechanisms control BEC expansion and hepatocyte differentiation.
Chemoprevention effect of tea against neuronal death-dementia. (2006)

In this chapter, the neuroprotective effects of theanine and catechins from tea on transient ischaemic neuronal death are described, and the possibility of prevention of dementia by green tea consumption are discussed. The outcomes of experimental and human studies are briefly presented.
Psychological and physiological effects of applying self-control to the mobile phone (2019)

This preregistered study examined the psychological and physiological consequences of exercising self-control with the mobile phone. A total of 125 participants were randomly assigned to sit in an unadorned room for six minutes and either (a) use their mobile phone, (b) sit alone with no phone, or (c) sit with their device but resist using it. Consistent with prior work, participants self-reported more concentration difficulty and more mind wandering with no device present compared to using the phone. Resisting the phone led to greater perceived concentration abilities than sitting without the device (not having external stimulation). Failing to replicate prior work, however, participants without external stimulation did not rate the experience as less enjoyable or more boring than having something to do. We also observed that skin conductance data were consistent across conditions for the first three-minutes of the experiment, after which participants who resisted the phone were less aroused than those who were without the phone. We discuss how the findings contribute to our understanding of exercising self-control with mobile media and how psychological consequences, such as increased mind wandering and focusing challenges, relate to periods of idleness or free thinking.
Automated design of finite state machine predictors for customized processors (2001)

Customized processors use compiler analysis and design automation techniques to take a generalized architectural model and create a specific instance of it which is optimized to a given application or set of applications. These processors offer the promise of satisfying the high performance needs of the embedded community while simultaneously shrinking design times.
Evaluating Multiple Signaling Activities in LPS Induced Human PBMCs (2008)

Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is an endotoxin that induces the secretion of pro‐inflammatory cytokines in many cells which can induce septic shock in humans. This project is aimed at developing a rapid diagnostic method to combat the effects of LPS by utilizing signal transduction pathways induced by LPS in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells (PBMC) as a prototype module. A set of LPS induced genes were identified through micro array analysis and common signaling pathways were found. Further investigation of the pathways led to the identification of common components to multiple pathways that can serve as diagnostic markers. We analyzed two targets by first evaluating the time dependent gene expression pattern and then by investigating the impact on components that are indirectly associated with the targets. We will further evaluate the specific inhibitors by correlating the observed gene expression pattern to the protein expression using ELISA. We believe the study will allow us to better understand the complex interactions of multiple signal transduction pathways induced by LPS.
Temporal Viral Genome-Protein Interactions Define Distinct Stages of Productive Herpesviral Infection (2018)

SUMMARY Herpesviruses utilize multiple mechanisms to redirect host proteins for use in viral processes and to avoid recognition and repression by the host. To investigate the dynamic interactions between HSV-1 DNA and viral and host proteins, we developed an approach to identify proteins that associate with the infecting viral genome from nuclear entry through packaging. We found that input viral DNA progressed within six hours through four temporal stages where the genomes: 1. interacted with intrinsic and DNA damage response proteins, 2. underwent a robust transcriptional switch mediated largely by ICP4, 3. engaged in replication, repair, and continued transcription, and then 4. transitioned to a more transcriptionally inert state engaging de novo synthesized viral structural components while maintaining interactions with replication proteins. Using a combination of genetic, imaging, and proteomic approaches, we provide a new and temporally compressed view of the HSV-1 life cycle based on genome-proteome dynamics.
Evolution of heavy duty engine valves - materials and design (1997)

Engine poppet valves control gas flow in internal combustion engines. The combustion event and the flow of the gases formed past the valve during the intake or exhaust portion of the combustion cycle, expose heavy duty diesel valves to high temperatures, oxidizing or corroding atmospheres and high stresses from firing and seating. This paper is a review of heavy duty diesel engine valve material and design evolution over the last fifty years in North America. The primary driving forces behind the evolution have historically been the need for improved durability and more cost effective designs. However, in recent years engine emission regulatory requirements have become an equally important influence on valve material selection and design. The paper also endeavors to predict how heavy duty diesel engine valve materials and designs may change in response to these driving forces in the foreseeable future.
Obesity and Cancer: An Angiogenic and Inflammatory Link (2016)

With the current epidemic of obesity, a large number of patients diagnosed with cancer are overweight or obese. Importantly, this excess body weight is associated with tumor progression and poor prognosis. The mechanisms for this worse outcome, however, remain poorly understood. We review here the epidemiological evidence for the association between obesity and cancer, and discuss potential mechanisms focusing on angiogenesis and inflammation. In particular, we will discuss how the dysfunctional angiogenesis and inflammation occurring in adipose tissue in obesity may promote tumor progression, resistance to chemotherapy, and targeted therapies such as anti-angiogenic and immune therapies. Better understanding of how obesity fuels tumor progression and therapy resistance is essential to improve the current standard of care and the clinical outcome of cancer patients. To this end, we will discuss how an anti-diabetic drug such as metformin can overcome these adverse effects of obesity on the progression and treatment resistance of tumors.
Materials and process parameters on ArF immersion defectivity study (2006)

The immersionspecific watermark defect is discussed in its formation mechanism and in the influence of materials and exposure process. The non-topcoat approach was the basis of the work, where the properties of resist surface itself played the key role. Water droplets left on the resist surface were considered to induce the watermark defect in two possible ways; (1) the droplet is carried over to PEB process and impact the resist properties under the heat, (2) the droplet already evaporates before the PEB leaving some residue on the surface. A notable reduction in the resist dissolution rate was observed in the former case, which could be due to either physical or chemical change in the resist materials triggered by the water, and thereby would result in an unavoidable patterning failure. Therefore it is essential not to leave any water droplets on the surface in preventing the watermark formation. A very much hydrophobic materials design was proven effective in achieving this. The watermark formation was correlated to the scanning speed of immersion showerhead and the defectivity was evaluated in this perspective. The receding contact angle of the resist surface was found to well correlate to the "allowable" scanning speed, and was concluded that the higher was the better. A resist material was newly designed by using a hydrophobic polymer on this basis and the resist demonstrated a promising results not only in the watermark defectivity but also in lithographic performance.
Pre-Operative Autologous Blood Donation Does Not Affect Pre-Incision Hematocrit in Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis Patients. A Retrospective Cohort of a Prospective Randomized Trial (2016)

Level III.
Selective Cell Elimination from Mixed 3D Culture Using a Near Infrared Photoimmunotherapy Technique (2016)

Recent developments in tissue engineering offer innovative solutions for many diseases. For example, tissue engineering using induced pluripotent stem cell (iPS) emerged as a new method in regenerative medicine. Although this tissue regeneration is promising, contamination with unwanted cells during tissue cultures is a major concern. Moreover, there is a safety concern regarding tumorigenicity after transplantation. Therefore, there is an urgent need for eliminating specific cells without damaging other cells that need to be protected, especially in established tissue. Here, we present a method for specific cell elimination from a mixed 3D cell culture in vitro with near infrared photoimmunotherapy (NIR-PIT) without damaging non-targeted cells. This technique enables the elimination of specific cells from mixed cell cultures or tissues.
Fasting-Induced Transcription Factors Repress Vitamin D Bioactivation, a Mechanism for Vitamin D Deficiency in Diabetes (2019)

Low 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels correlate with the prevalence of diabetes; however, the mechanisms remain uncertain. Here, we show that nutritional deprivation-responsive mechanisms regulate vitamin D metabolism. Both fasting and diabetes suppressed hepatic cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2R1, the main vitamin D 25-hydroxylase responsible for the first bioactivation step. Overexpression of coactivator peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator 1-α (PGC-1α), induced physiologically by fasting and pathologically in diabetes, resulted in dramatic downregulation of CYP2R1 in mouse hepatocytes in an estrogen-related receptor α (ERRα)-dependent manner. However, PGC-1α knockout did not prevent fasting-induced suppression of CYP2R1 in the liver, indicating that additional factors contribute to the CYP2R1 repression. Furthermore, glucocorticoid receptor (GR) activation repressed the liver CYP2R1, suggesting GR involvement in the regulation of CYP2R1. GR antagonist mifepristone partially prevented CYP2R1 repression during fasting, suggesting that glucocorticoids and GR contribute to the CYP2R1 repression during fasting. Moreover, fasting upregulated the vitamin D catabolizing CYP24A1 in the kidney through the PGC-1α-ERRα pathway. Our study uncovers a molecular mechanism for vitamin D deficiency in diabetes and reveals a novel negative feedback mechanism that controls crosstalk between energy homeostasis and the vitamin D pathway.
3304 A Manufacturing Supporting Method Based on Manufacturing Case Database (2007)

The research purpose is to assist engineers by providing digital data of engineering know-how and technology. The target manufacturing method is arc welding, which depends substantially on personal skill on the shop floor. The XML database of arc welding case has been developed and applied to examine the variations of data among the cases according to the welding process patterns and welding engineers. The case database of welding is now made public on the Internet to be used by web browser. In the paper, we propose a software system in which user can compare his/her welding cases with the cases in the database. The system has a feature without sending user data and the information sharing system is also discussed.
Multiple Covalent Triazine Frameworks with Strong Polysulfide Chemisorption for Enhanced Lithium‐Sulfur Batteries (2019)

Abstract Endowed with high theoretical energy density, low cost, and environmental friendliness, lithium‐sulfur batteries have a promising future in energy storage. The volume expansion of the sulfur cathode, shuttle effects, and the insulating nature of polysulfide result in poor cycling stability and limit practical applications of lithium‐sulfur batteries. In this work, these matters are relieved by physically and chemically restricting sulfur species in highly fluorinated sulfur‐rich multiple covalent triazine frameworks synthesized through nucleophilic aromatic substitution reaction chemistry. It exhibits a specific capacity of 681 mAh g −1 and capacity retention of 62.6 % after 400 cycles, indicating a 0.09 % degradation per cycle. The superiority in cycle performance is attributed to the homogeneous distribution of sulfur, covalent bonding of sulfur, and affinity for polysulfide of triazine rings.
Plant Natural Products in Anticancer Drug Discovery (2010)

Plant-derived natural products have been an important source of several clinically useful anti-cancer agents. Plants continue to play a major role in drug discovery as evidenced by the number of promising new agents in clinical development based on selective activity against cancer-related molecular targets. Due to improvements in tumor targeting technology, some agents which failed in earlier clinical studies are also stimulating renewed interest. We wish to draw the attention of readers to the rapidly evolving recognition that a significant number of natural product drugs/leads are possibly produced by endophytic fungi and microbes residing in the plant tissues. We consider that this area of natural product research should be expanded significantly.
Evaluation of independence between multiple fingerprints for multibiometrics (2014)

Multibiometrics provides high recognition accuracy and population coverage by combining different biometric sources. However, some multibiometrics may obtain smaller-than-expected improvement of recognition accuracy if the combined biometric sources are dependent in terms of a false acceptance by mistakenly perceiving biometric features from two different persons as being from the same person. In this paper, we evaluated whether or not features of multiple fingerprints from a same person are statistically independent. By evaluating false acceptance error using matching scores obtained by Verifinger SDK, we confirmed that these features were dependent and the FAR obtained by a fusion of the multiple fingerprints could be affected by the dependence.
Dietary Supplements and Natural Products as Psychotherapeutic Agents (1999)

Alternative therapies are widely used by consumers. A number of herbs and dietary supplements have demonstrable effects on mood, memory, and insomnia. There is a significant amount of evidence supporting the use of Hypericum perforatum (St. John's wort) for depression and Ginkgo biloba for dementia. Results of randomized, controlled trials also support the use of kava for anxiety and valerian for insomnia. Although evidence for the use of vitamins and amino acids as sole agents for psychiatric symptoms is not strong, there is intriguing preliminary evidence for the use of folate, tryptophan, and phenylalanine as adjuncts to enhance the effectiveness of conventional antidepressants. S-adenosylmethionine seems to have antidepressant effects, and omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, particularly docosahexaenoic acid, may have mood-stabilizing effects. More research should be conducted on these and other natural products for the prevention and treatment of various psychiatric disorders.
Extraction of Hand Gestures with Adaptive Skin Color Models and Its Applications to Meeting Analysis (2006)

We present an adaptive skin color model for hand gesture tracking which is applied to cross-modal analysis of planning meetings. We build a skin color model with the Gaussian distribution and a skin color filter for each participant in meetings. By combining with the vector coherence mapping (VCM) algorithm, we track hand motion and obtain 3D trajectories. The hand gesture stream is extracted from hand motion trajectories. Different skin color models are created for different people to handle the differences of skin color. We update each model dynamically to adapt changes of environments. A parallel system has been implemented to track and extract hand motion trajectories. Examples of hand motion gesture tracking in meeting environments are provided. The applications of the adaptive skin color model can increase the speed of hand tracking
Enteric coronavirus infection and treatment modeled with an immunocompetent human intestine-on-a-chip (2021)

Abstract Many patients infected with coronaviruses, such as SARS-CoV-2 and NL63 that use ACE2 receptors to infect cells, exhibit gastrointestinal symptoms and viral proteins are found in the human gastrointestinal tract, yet little is known about the inflammatory and pathological effects of coronavirus infection on the human intestine. Here, we used a human intestine-on-a-chip (Intestine Chip) microfluidic culture device lined by patient organoid-derived intestinal epithelium interfaced with human vascular endothelium to study host cellular and inflammatory responses to infection with NL63 coronavirus. These organoid-derived intestinal epithelial cells dramatically increased their ACE2 protein levels when cultured under flow in the presence of peristalsis-like mechanical deformations in the Intestine Chips compared to when cultured statically as organoids or in Transwell inserts. Infection of the intestinal epithelium with NL63 on-chip led to inflammation of the endothelium as demonstrated by loss of barrier function, increased cytokine production, and recruitment of circulating peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PMBCs). Treatment of NL63 infected chips with the approved protease inhibitor drug, nafamostat, inhibited viral entry and resulted in a reduction in both viral load and cytokine secretion, whereas remdesivir, one of the few drugs approved for COVID19 patients, was not found to be effective and it also was toxic to the endothelium. This model of intestinal infection was also used to test the effects of other drugs that have been proposed for potential repurposing against SARS-CoV-2. Taken together, these data suggest that the human Intestine Chip might be useful as a human preclinical model for studying coronavirus related pathology as well as for testing of potential anti-viral or anti-inflammatory therapeutics.
Tutorial: time-multiplexed stereoscopic computer graphics (1992)

Time-multiplexed stereoscopic systems, which present the stereoscopic image by alternating right- and left-eye views of a scene on a CRT, are considered. The current technology for stereoscopic computer graphics is introduced, and an overview of factors important to the proper construction and display of computer images in a time-multiplexed environment is provided. The discussion covers the computation of stereoscopic views, stereoscopic display algorithms, horizontal parallax and factors affecting image quality.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Synthesis of Alkyl and Aryl Sulfinates of DAG: An Improved and General Route to Both Enantiomerically Pure Sulfoxides (1993)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
On the Acoustic Radiation from a Loudspeaker's Cabinet (2003)

A scanning laser Doppler vibrometer and a computational boundary-element model are used to study the acoustic radiation from loudspeaker cabinets. In contrast to the research findings of Skrodzka, loudspeaker cabinets are shown to contribute significantly to the total radiated pressure at their lower resonance frequencies. This occurs because, despite a cabinet's relatively small surface velocity, its radiation efficiency is many times greater than that of the drivers. The radiation from two different versions of NHT's model 2.9 loudspeaker is investigated. The first is a standard production 2.9, the second a 2.9 without the standard internal bracing. A comparison of their performance yields insight into the effects of wall bracing location: stiffer cabinets with lower amplitude wall vibrations do not always radiate less sound.