gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Genetic construction and high-level gene expression in Escherichia coli of a precursor of salmon calcitonin I. (1988)

A precursor of salmon calcitonin I (SCT) was produced in Escherichia coli transformed by recombinant plasmids. A double-stranded DNA coding for SCT-Gly, preceded by ATG and followed by tandem stop codons, was constructed using a combination of chemical synthesis and enzymatic assembly. The gene for the N-terminal portion of metapyrocatechase (C23O) and its preceding ribosome binding site derived from Pseudomonas putida were fused to the synthetic gene. Introduction of this fragment into E. coli resulted in the synthesis of the fusion protein at high efficiency under the control of the tac promoter. After cleavage of the protein with cyanogen bromide, SCT-Gly was purified to homogeneity by gel filtration and by reverse phase chromatography. The structure of the peptide was confirmed by amino acid composition and sequencing analyses. The hypocalcemic activity of the bacterial product was estimated as about one-seventh of that of SCT.
Cryopreservation and post-thaw characterization of dissociated human islet cells (2022)

The objective of this study is to optimize the cryopreservation of dissociated islet cells and obtain functional cells that can be used in single-cell transcriptome studies on the pathology and treatment of diabetes. Using an iterative graded freezing approach we obtained viable cells after cooling in 10% dimethyl sulfoxide and 6% hydroxyethyl starch at 1°C/min to -40°C, storage in liquid nitrogen, rapid thaw, and removal of cryoprotectants by serial dilution. The expression of epithelial cell adhesion molecule declined immediately after thaw, but recovered after overnight incubation, while that of an endocrine cell marker (HPi2) remained high after cryopreservation. Patch-clamp electrophysiology revealed differences in channel activities and exocytosis of various islet cell types; however, exocytotic responses, and the biophysical properties of voltage-gated Na+ and Ca2+ channels, are sustained after cryopreservation. Single-cell RNA sequencing indicates that overall transcriptome and crucial exocytosis genes are comparable between fresh and cryopreserved dispersed human islet cells. Thus, we report an optimized procedure for cryopreserving dispersed islet cells that maintained their membrane integrity, along with their molecular and functional phenotypes. Our findings will not only provide a ready source of cells for investigating cellular mechanisms in diabetes but also for bio-engineering pseudo-islets and islet sheets for modeling studies and potential transplant applications.
Insight into the Mechanism of a Peptide Inhibitor of HIV Reverse Transcriptase Dimerization (2005)

The biologically active forms of human immunodeficiency viruses type 1 and 2 reverse transcriptase (RT) found in infectious virions are heterodimers. We have previously shown that the dimeric nature of reverse transcriptase represents an important target for the design of a new class of antiviral agents and have designed a short peptide (Pep-7) derived from the tryptophan-rich motif of the connection subdomain that blocks dimerization of reverse transcriptase in vitro and abolishes viral infection. In the present work, we have investigated the mechanism through which this peptide inhibits RT dimerization and consequently viral propagation. We demonstrate that Pep-7 interacts preferentially with the p51 subunit within the heterodimeric reverse transcriptase, which destabilizes reverse transcriptase dimer conformation, thereby triggering dissociation. We have identified two residues Trp(24) and Phe(61), located on the fingers subdomain of p51, required for Pep-7 binding. Selective mutation of these residues on p51 to a glycine dramatically alters the stability of the RT-heterodimer suggesting that the fingers subdomain of p51 is also involved in stabilization of reverse transcriptase. We propose that the binding site of Pep-7 is located in a cleft between the fingers and the connection subdomains of p51 that contains the two highly conserved residues Phe(61) and Trp(24).
In situ magnetoresistance of Ni nanocontacts (2004)

Magnetoresistance properties of Ni nanocontacts in the ballistic quantum regime are investigated in situ during closure and opening of electrochemically grown planar electrodes. The magnitude of conductance change when sweeping the magnetic field is of the order of the quantum conductance e2/h for conductance values spanning 1–100 quanta. The relative orientation of electric current and applied magnetic field changes the magnetoresistance sign, with symmetry properties reminiscent of bulk anisotropy magnetoresistance. Ex situ investigations of samples of higher conductance values, of the order of 1000 quanta, unambiguously show the analogy with bulk anisotropy magnetoresistance.
Improved PWM control for GTO inverters with pulse number modulation (2002)

A pulse width modulated (PWM) inverter using GTOs is one of the promising power converters for AC motor drives. There are, however, still some unsolved problems with GTO inverters: (1) the modulation factor of conventional GTO inverters is limited to about 0.8 in order to maintain the minimum on-time of every GTO. If a modulation factor of 1.0 is possible in the bridge-type inverter, the output capacity would be larger in proportion to the modulation factor. The pulse number modulation (PNM) is proposed as an effective measure for this modulation factor improvement; and (2) the minimum on-time of a GTO brings about uncontrollability for a low voltage reference in the neutral point clamped (NPC) inverter. The authors propose a new procedure using the PNM technique to solve this voltage uncontrollability. The PNM method contributes to make an equivalent unity modulation factor in PWM inverters and to linearize voltage control characteristics in NPC inverters.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Pathophysiology of Calcium Metabolism (1995)

Calcium (Ca) is a mineral that plays a central role in maintaining the homeostasis of vertebrate animals, including muscle contraction, blood coagulation, enzyme activity, neural excitability, hormone secretion, and cell adhesion.(1) It is also involved in the pathogenesis of metabolic diseases which disrupt the normal regulation of Ca balance and may result in hypercalcemia or hypocalcemia.(2) The purpose of this manuscript is to review current concepts of the function of Ca, its regulation, and the role of Ca in specific disease processes.
Photodynamic Therapy of the Ciliary Body With Tin Ethyl Etiopurpurin and Tin Octaethyl Benzochlorin in Pigmented Rabbits (1997)

PDT with SnET2 or BNZ 203 can produce selective injury to the pigmented rabbit ciliary body. The nonpigmented ciliary body epithelium exhibits selective retention of SnET2. This finding warrants further investigation.
Fast and Precise Soft-Field Electromagnetic Tomography Systems for Multiphase Flow Imaging (2018)

In the process industry, measurement systems are required for process development and optimization, as well as for monitoring and control. The processes often involve multiphase mixtures or flows that can be analyzed using tomography systems, which visualize the spatial material distribution within a certain measurement domain, e.g., a process pipe. In recent years, we studied the applicability of soft-field electromagnetic tomography methods for multiphase flow imaging, focusing on concepts for high-speed data acquisition and image reconstruction. Different non-intrusive electrical impedance and microwave tomography systems were developed at our institute, which are sensitive to the local contrasts of the electrical properties of the materials. These systems offer a very high measurement and image reconstruction rate of up to 1000 frames per second in conjunction with a dynamic range of up to 120 dB. This paper provides an overview of the underlying concepts and recent improvements in terms of sensor design, data acquisition and signal processing. We introduce a generalized description for modeling the electromagnetic behavior of the different sensors based on the finite element method (FEM) and for the reconstruction of the electrical property distribution using the Gauss–Newton method and Newton’s one-step error reconstructor (NOSER) algorithm. Finally, we exemplify the applicability of the systems for different measurement scenarios. They are suitable for the analysis of rapidly-changing inhomogeneous scenarios, where a relatively low spatial resolution is sufficient.
Un panorama des ondes non ionisantes acoustiques (ONIA) et de leurs principaux usages (2021)

Parmi les agents physiques, les ondes ont la capacité de se propager, véhiculant avec elles de l’information, mais aussi, parfois, un danger lié à leur énergie ou aux transformations qu’elles induisent. Les ondes acoustiques sous-tendent l’audition, un sens privilégié pour la communication intra et inter-espèces, magnifié par l’espèce humaine qui en fait le support de la parole et de la musique. Le pouvoir de nuisance voire de dangerosité des ondes sonores audibles, lorsqu’elles viennent interférer, de manière souvent insidieuse, avec le confort ou la santé des individus exposés, est un des grands problèmes de santé des décennies à venir, comme le met en exergue l’OMS. Mais l’acoustique engendre aussi des progrès pour la santé en permettant, dans des intervalles d’hyperfréquences non utilisés par l’audition, la mise en œuvre de techniques d’imagerie du corps dépourvues de danger et de très haute résolution, et qui sont en outre peu coûteuses et donc accessibles aux pays les plus démunis.
Analytical Techniques for Foods and Agricultural Products Edited by G. Linden (University of Nancy). VCH:  New York. 1996. xxi + 578 pp. $145.00. ISBN 1-56081-687-2. (1996)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVBook ReviewAnalytical Techniques for Foods and Agricultural Products Edited by G. Linden (University of Nancy). VCH: New York. 1996. xxi + 578 pp. $145.00. ISBN 1-56081-687-2.William E. ArtzView Author Information University of IllinoisCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 29, 7018Publication Date (Web):July 24, 1996Publication History Published online24 July 1996Published inissue 1 January 1996https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja9655092https://doi.org/10.1021/ja9655092book-reviewACS PublicationsCopyright © 1996 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views42Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Chromatography,Food,Neurophysiology Get e-Alerts
Fully controllable adiabatic geometric phase in nonlinear optics (2018)

We propose and analyze a new way for obtaining an adiabatic geometric phase for light, via the sum-frequency-generation nonlinear process. The state of light is represented by the complex amplitudes at two different optical frequencies, coupled by the second order nonlinearity of the medium. The dynamics of this system is then shown to be equivalent to that of a spin-1/2 particle in a magnetic field, which in turn can be rotated adiabatically on the Bloch sphere. When the input wave itself is an eigenstate of the magnetic field equivalent, the geometric phase is manifested as a pure phase factor. Two adiabatic rotation schemes, based on specific modulations of the quasi-phase-matching poling parameters, are discussed. In the first, the geometric phase is shown to be sensitive to the pump intensity variations, as a result of the Bloch sphere deformation. The second can be utilized for the realization of nonlinear-optics-based geometric phase plates. Moreover, non-closed adiabatic trajectories are investigated, which are expected to provide a robust and broadband geometric wavefront shaping in the sum frequency.
Progress in the clinical development of new marine-derived anticancer compounds (2004)

Naturally derived anticancer agents continue to be instrumental in the systemic therapeutic intervention against solid tumors and hematological malignancies. Such compounds now have a relevant role in contemporary models of combination with targeted agents, thus providing a rationale to consider nature as a valid tool to discover new innovative anticancer agents. The marine ecosystem has increasingly been the focus of interest for new discoveries in the field that are expected to be of significant therapeutic impact in cancer patients. A critical review of the integrated data generated in our marine-derived anticancer program seems to confirm such expentancies. ET-743 (Yondelis) represents the first new agent developed against advanced pretreated soft tissue sarcoma in the past 25 years, and also harbors activity in women bearing pretreated ovarian cancer and a solid potential in combination therapy. The lack of cumulative toxicities makes this compound suitable for long-lasting therapies, reversible transaminitis being the most prevalent toxicity. Aplidin has shown a positive therapeutic index in phase I trials and phase II studies are ongoing. In contrast to the lack of bone marrow toxicity, a set of translational results anticipates a potential in leukemia. Kahalalide F has also successfully completed the phase I program in solid tumors with evidence of activity in resistant tumors and phase II studies are under way. Finally, the mechanistic data generated in parallel with the clinical program confirms the potential of the marine ecosystem in the discovery of new agents acting against new cellular targets of relevance in cancer cell biology.
DNAJB chaperones inhibit aggregation of destabilised proteins via a C-terminal region distinct from that used to prevent amyloid formation (2020)

Abstract Disturbances to protein homeostasis (proteostasis) can lead to protein aggregation and inclusion formation, processes associated with a variety of neurodegenerative disorders. DNAJBs are molecular chaperones previously identified as potent suppressors of disease-related protein aggregation. In this work, we over-expressed a destabilised isoform of firefly luciferase (R188Q/R261Q Fluc; Fluc DM ) in cells to assess the capacity of DNAJBs to inhibit inclusion formation. Co-expression of all DNAJBs tested significantly inhibited the intracellular aggregation of Fluc DM . Moreover, we show that DNAJBs suppress aggregation by supporting the Hsp70-dependent degradation of Fluc DM via the proteasome. The serine-rich stretch in DNAJB6 and DNAJB8, essential for preventing fibrillar aggregation, is not involved in the suppression of Fluc DM inclusion formation. Conversely, deletion of the C-terminal TTK-LKS region in DNAJB8, a region not required to suppress polyQ aggregation, abolished its ability to inhibit inclusion formation by Fluc DM . Thus, our data suggest that DNAJB6 and DNAJB8 possess two distinct domains involved in the inhibition of protein aggregation, one responsible for binding to β-hairpins that form during amyloid formation and another that mediates the degradation of destabilised client proteins via the proteasome. Summary statement Specialised DNAJB molecular chaperones are potent suppressors of protein aggregation and interact with different types of client proteins via distinct C-terminal regions
Exogenous glucagon-like peptide 1 reduces contractions in human colon circular muscle (2014)

Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP1) is a naturally occurring peptide secreted by intestinal L-cells. Though its primary function is to serve as an incretin, GLP1 reduces gastrointestinal motility. However, only a handful of animal studies have specifically evaluated the influence of GLP1 on colonic motility. Consequently, the aims of this study were to investigate the effects induced by exogenous GLP1, to analyze the mechanism of action, and to verify the presence of GLP1 receptors (GLP1Rs) in human colon circular muscular strips. Organ bath technique, RT-PCR, western blotting, and immunofluorescence were used. In human colon, exogenous GLP1 reduced, in a concentration-dependent manner, the amplitude of the spontaneous contractions without affecting the frequency and the resting basal tone. This inhibitory effect was significantly reduced by exendin (9-39), a GLP1R antagonist, which per se significantly increased the spontaneous mechanical activity. Moreover, it was abolished by tetrodotoxin, a neural blocker, or Nω-nitro-l-arginine - a blocker of neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS). The biomolecular analysis revealed a genic and protein expression of the GLP1R in the human colon. The double-labeling experiments with anti-neurofilament or anti-nNOS showed, for the first time, that immunoreactivity for the GLP1R was expressed in nitrergic neurons of the myenteric plexus. In conclusion, the results of this study suggest that GLP1R is expressed in the human colon and, once activated by exogenous GLP1, mediates an inhibitory effect on large intestine motility through NO neural release.
Antitrypanosomal and Antileishmanial Activity of Chalcones and Flavanones from Polygonum salicifolium (2021)

Trypanosomiasis and leishmaniasis are a group of neglected parasitic diseases caused by several species of parasites belonging to the family Trypansomatida. The present study investigated the antitrypanosomal and antileishmanial activity of chalcones and flavanones from <i>Polygonum salicifolium</i>, which grows in the wetlands of Iraq. The phytochemical evaluation of the plant yielded two chalcones, 2',4'-dimethoxy-6'-hydroxychalcone and 2',5'-dimethoxy-4',6'-dihydroxychalcone, and two flavanones, 5,7-dimethoxyflavanone and 5,8-dimethoxy-7-hydroxyflavanone. The chalcones showed a good antitrypanosomal and antileishmanial activity while the flavanones were inactive. The EC<sub>50</sub> values for 2',4'-dimethoxy-6'-hydroxychalcone against <i>Trypanosoma brucei brucei</i> (0.5 μg/mL), <i>T. congolense</i> (2.5 μg/mL), and <i>Leishmania mexicana</i> (5.2 μg/mL) indicated it was the most active of the compounds. None of the compounds displayed any toxicity against a human cell line, even at 100 µg/mL, or cross-resistance with first line clinical trypanocides, such as diamidines and melaminophenyl arsenicals. Taken together, our study provides significant data in relation to the activity of chalcones and flavanones from <i>P. salicifolium</i> against both parasites in vitro. Further future research is suggested in order to investigate the mode of action of the extracted chalcones against the parasites.
The influence of Ciamexon on thyroid-stimulating antibodies in endocrine ophthalmopathy (1989)

Journal Article The influence of Ciamexon on thyroid-stimulating antibodies in endocrine ophthalmopathy Get access K Hülbusch, K Hülbusch III. Medizinische Klinik, Universität Mainz Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar G Kahaly, G Kahaly III. Medizinische Klinik, Universität Mainz Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar J P Yuan, J P Yuan III. Medizinische Klinik, Universität Mainz Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar S Schilling, S Schilling III. Medizinische Klinik, Universität Mainz Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar J Beyer, J Beyer III. Medizinische Klinik, Universität Mainz Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar U Krause U Krause III. Medizinische Klinik, Universität Mainz Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Acta Endocrinologica (Norway), Volume 120, Issue 3_Supplement, Jun 1989, Page S43, https://doi.org/10.1530/acta.0.120S043 Published: 01 June 1989
Biofilms of clinical strains ofStaphylococcusthat do not contain polysaccharide intercellular adhesin (2005)

Staphylococcus aureus and coagulase-negative staphylococci, primarily Staphylococcus epidermidis, are recognized as a major cause of nosocomial infections associated with the use of implanted medical devices. The capacity of S. epidermidis to form biofilms, allowing it to evade host immune defence mechanisms and antibiotic therapy, is considered to be crucial in colonizing the surfaces of medical implants and dissemination of infection. It has previously been demonstrated that the biofilm of a model strain S. epidermidis RP62A comprises two carbohydrate-containing moieties, a polysaccharide having a structure of a linear poly-N-acetyl-(1-->6)-beta-D-glucosamine and teichoic acid. In the present paper we show that, unlike this model strain, certain clinical isolates of coagulase-negative staphylococci produce biofilms that do not contain detectable amounts of poly-N-acetyl-(1-->6)-beta-D-glucosamine. In contrast to that of S. epidermidis RP62A, these biofilms are not detached with metaperiodate, while proteinase K causes their partial dispersal.
Efficacy of insecticide mixtures against larvae of Culex quinquefasciatus (Say) (Diptera: Culicidae) resistant to pyrethroids and carbamates (2003)

The efficacy of insecticide mixtures of permethrin (pyrethroid) and propoxur (carbamate) was tested by larval bioassays on two strains of Culex quinquefasciatus (Say), one resistant to pyrethroids and the other resistant to carbamates. The method consisted in combining one insecticide at the highest concentration causing no mortality (LC0) with increasing concentrations of the second one. The concentration-mortality regression lines were determined for permethrin and propoxur alone and in combination, and synergism ratios (SR) were calculated in order to determine the magnitude of an increase or decrease in efficacy with use of the mixtures. With the pyrethroid-resistant strain (BK-PER), the results showed that propoxur at LC0 significantly enhanced the insecticidal activity of permethrin (SR50 = 1.54), especially on the upper range of the concentration-mortality regression. Conversely, when permethrin at LC0 was tested with propoxur against the carbamate resistant strain (R-LAB), an antagonistic effect was observed (SR50 = 0.67). With the BK-PER strain, an increased oxidative detoxification (MFO) appeared to be the main mechanism responsible for the synergistic interaction. Nevertheless, antagonism in the R-LAB strain is probably due to a physiological perturbation implying different target sites for pyrethroid (ie sodium channel) and carbamate insecticides [ie acetylcholinesterase (EC 3.3.3.7) and choline acetyltransferase (EC 2.3.1.6)].