gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A trajectory piecewise-linear approach to model order reduction and fast simulation of nonlinear circuits and micromachined devices (2003)

In this paper, we present an approach to nonlinear model reduction based on representing a nonlinear system with a piecewise-linear system and then reducing each of the pieces with a Krylov projection. However, rather than approximating the individual components as piecewise linear and then composing hundreds of components to make a system with exponentially many different linear regions, we instead generate a small set of linearizations about the state trajectory which is the response to a "training input." Computational results and performance data are presented for an example of a micromachined switch and selected nonlinear circuits. These examples demonstrate that the macromodels obtained with the proposed reduction algorithm are significantly more accurate than models obtained with linear or recently developed quadratic reduction techniques. Also, we propose a procedure for a posteriori estimation of the simulation error, which may be used to determine the accuracy of the extracted trajectory piecewise-linear reduced-order models. Finally, it is shown that the proposed model order reduction technique is computationally inexpensive, and that the models can be constructed "on the fly," to accelerate simulation of the system response.
A tetranuclear iron(II)–sodium complex formed from the complexation of sodium ethoxide by N,N′-ethylenebis(3-hydroxy-1-methylbut-2-enylideneaminato)iron(II) (1984)

The reaction of N,N′-ethylenebis (3-hydroxy-1-methylbut-2-enylideneamine)(H2acacen) with FeCl2 in the presence of MeONa afforded the iron(II) dimeric complex [Fe(acacen)]2, which reacted with EtONa to form a tetranuclear complex [Fe(acacen)(NaOEt)]2, where the two iron(II) atoms are five-co-ordinate and doubly bridged by the [EtONa]ion pair.
P195X-ray phase-contrast synchrotron radiation-based micro-CT enables assessment of fetal cardiac anatomy, fiber orientation and vasculature in a rabbit model of intrauterine growth restriction (2014)

Background: Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) is associated with prenatal changes in cardiac shape and function that persist in childhood and may be associated to an increased cardiovascular mortality in adulthood. Ultrasound and MRI provide information at organ level, but their resolution is too low. Microscopy provides detail at cellular and subcellular level, but an integrated evaluation at organ level is extremely challenging. We hypothesize that X-ray phase-contrast synchrotron radiation-based micro-CT could provide information regarding detailed cardiac anatomy to better understand the cardiac remodeling in IUGR.

Methods: A validated model of IUGR in New Zealand rabbit was used. Fetal hearts were formalin-fixed and ethanol-dehydrated. 3D X-ray phase-contrast synchrotron radiation-based micro-CT was performed at 7.43μm isotropic resolution (ESRF-ID19). Standard morphometric measurements were performed in a transverse view. Fiber orientation could be recognised and the change in fibers' angle was quantified. The distribution and local diameters of the coronary vessels tree were studied.

Results: IUGR fetuses showed smaller and more globular hearts with thicker myocardial walls (Fig A, B) and coronary artery vessels dilatation (Fig C, D). A change in fiber orientation in IUGR hearts was observed, suggesting an increase of circumferential over longitudinal orientation.

Conclusions: Our data suggest that cardiac remodeling due to IUGR affects fiber orientation and the geometry of the coronary vascular tree. These changes might explain the later increased risk of cardiovascular disease. Moreover, the unique novel technique used enables the acquisition of high resolution datasets of whole hearts at myofiber resolution, providing structural information at both organ and microscopic level. 

![Figure][1] [1]: pending:yes
Advances in optical metasurfaces: fabrication and applications [Invited] (2018)

The research and development of optical metasurfaces has been primarily driven by the curiosity for novel optical phenomena that are unattainable from materials that exist in nature and by the desire for miniaturization of optical devices. Metasurfaces constructed of artificial patterns of subwavelength depth make it possible to achieve flat, ultrathin optical devices of high performance. A wide variety of fabrication techniques have been developed to explore their unconventional functionalities which in many ways have revolutionized the means with which we control and manipulate electromagnetic waves. The relevant research community could benefit from an overview on recent progress in the fabrication and applications of the metasurfaces. This review article is intended to serve that purpose by reviewing the state-of-the-art fabrication methods and surveying their cutting-edge applications.
Hybrid testing of model-scale floating wind turbines using autonomous actuation and control (2016)

The hybrid testing of a floating wind turbine is carried out at model-scale. The semi-submersible, triangular platform is built to support two vertical-axis wind turbines. Due to test facility limitations as well as model-scaling issues, the wind turbines are not constructed. Instead, RC plane motors and propellers are used actuators to mimic the tangential forces on the wind turbine blades. A control algorithm is implemented using the wind turbine generators to optimize the platform heading and hence, the theoretical power absorbed by the wind turbines.
A DNA Origami Platform for Single-Pair Förster Resonance Energy Transfer Investigation of DNA–DNA Interactions and Ligation (2019)

DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) pose an everyday threat to the conservation of genetic information and therefore life itself. Several pathways have evolved to repair these cytotoxic lesions by rejoining broken ends, among them the nonhomologous end-joining mechanism that utilizes a DNA ligase. Here, we use a custom-designed DNA origami nanostructure as a model system to specifically mimic a DNA DSB, enabling us to study the end-joining of two fluorescently labeled DNA with the T4 DNA ligase on the single-molecule level. The ligation reaction is monitored by Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) experiments both in solution and on surface-anchored origamis. Due to the modularity of DNA nanotechnology, DNA double strands with different complementary overhang lengths can be studied using the same DNA origami design. We show that the T4 DNA ligase repairs sticky ends more efficiently than blunt ends and that the ligation efficiency is influenced by both DNA sequence and the incubation conditions. Before ligation, dynamic fluctuations of the FRET signal are observed due to transient binding of the sticky overhangs. After ligation, the FRET signal becomes static. Thus, we can directly monitor the ligation reaction through the transition from dynamic to static FRET signals. Finally, we revert the ligation process using a restriction enzyme digestion and religate the resulting blunt ends. The here-presented DNA origami platform is thus suited to study complex multistep reactions occurring over several cycles of enzymatic treatment.
ChemInform Abstract: Facile Syntheses of C2‐Symmetrical HIV‐1 Protease Inhibitors. (1996)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Decision letter: Altered regulation of Ia afferent input during voluntary contraction in humans with spinal cord injury (2022)

Physiological analysis reveals that during voluntary contraction Ia afferent input have a lesser facilitatory effect on motor neurons in humans with chronic incomplete spinal cord injury compared with control subjects.
Recruitment of the Transcriptional Coactivator HCF-1 to Viral Immediate-Early Promoters during Initiation of Reactivation from Latency of Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 (2009)

The transcriptional coactivator host cell factor 1 (HCF-1) is critical for the expression of immediate-early (IE) genes of the alphaherpesviruses herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) and varicella-zoster virus. HCF-1 may also be involved in the reactivation of these viruses from latency as it is sequestered in the cytoplasm of sensory neurons but is rapidly relocalized to the nucleus upon stimulation that results in reactivation. Here, chromatin immunoprecipitation assays demonstrate that HCF-1 is recruited to IE promoters of viral genomes during the initiation of reactivation, correlating with RNA polymerase II occupancy and IE expression. The data support the model whereby HCF-1 plays a pivotal role in the reactivation of HSV-1 from latency.
Effects of high temperature and flow blockage on the reflood behavior of a 4-rod bundle. Final report. [PWR] (1981)

It is usual in reactor safety analysis to assume that blocking or deforming the reactor core decreases the heat removal. This simplistic approach may not only penalize reactor power, but must be investigated experimentally to determine the real extent, if any. The experiments reported here examine quenching and heat removal in a blocked four-rod bundle. The local heat transfer in the blockage region is enhanced, despite the flow diversion away from the blockage. Additionally, data and correlations are given which compare the quenching rate of steel pins (typical of experiments) with Zircaloy (typical of reactor cladding). The Zircaloy bundle quenches faster when correlated on a local basis because of its smaller heat capacity. Additional work is under way to explain and correlate the intriguing results in more detail.
Characterization of bacteroides melaninogenicus (1976)

Fifty-eight human isolates of Bacteroides melaninogenicus, 42 from a variety of clinical infections and the rest from normal flora, were studied for pigment production and ultraviolet light fluorescence and by forty biochemical and other tests, including end-product analysis by gas-liquid chromatography. In a number of instances, tests were repeated several times and the results were reproducible. Agar plate dilution susceptibility tests were also performed to 12 antimicrobial agents. These 58 strains could be reliably placed into three groups, corresponding to the three subspecies described, based on seven characteristics. These included acid production in peptone-yeast-glucose medium, production of n-butyric acid from peptone-yeast-glucose medium, esculin hydrolysis, starch hydrolysis, indole production, effect on milk, and lipase production. Production of hydrogen gas in peptone-yeast-fructose medium may be another distinguishing characteristic. In general there was not much difference in the susceptibility of the three groups to the various antimicrobial agents tested. Two strains had a minimal inhibitory concentration of penicillin G of 16 and 32 U/ml, respectively. Three strains did not produce a black pigment in spite of prolonged incubation on blood-containing media.
Ultramicrostructure and Microthermomechanics of Biological IR Detectors:  Materials Properties from a Biomimetic Perspective (2001)

Microstructural organization of the biological infrared (IR) receptors was studied to elucidate their materials properties useful for prospective biomimetic design of artificial IR sensors from organic/polymeric materials. The IR receptors in Melanophila acuminata beetles were studied with ultrahigh-resolution scanning probe microscopy (SPM) in a range of temperatures. By application of micromechanical mapping and thermal stage, we made attempts to reveal the micromechanical and thermomechanical properties of the cuticular apparatus of the IR sensillum. The main component of the cuticular apparatus is an internal endocuticular sphere with a diameter of about 15-20 microm. Highly ordered multilayered organization of the lamellated peripheral mantle of the sphere was confirmed and characterized. We observed that the interlayer spacing of this microstructure varied along the circumference and decreased to 300 nm in the vertex of the sphere. We demonstrated that the microlayered structure is composed of nanolayers with very different micromechanical properties and thermal behaviors. Thermal expansion of the outer mantle was observed, and the local thermal expansion coefficient under given preparation conditions was estimated to be below 1.5 x 10(-4) grad(-1).
The potential of split-gate transistors as one-dimensional electron waveguides revealed through the testing and analysis of yield and reproducibility (2009)

We study the yield and reproducibility of quantized conductance in short one-dimensional quantum wires in split-gate transistors. In order to get an unambiguous assessment, more than 500 split gates have been fabricated and tested at 1.4 K. The study clearly shows that the devices are too sensitive to the inherent dopant structures and to variations of processing. The limitations of split gates also have been revealed through the fluctuations of the pinch-off voltage and the characteristics of the first quantized plateau.
Molecular Relaxations in Polymer Films Studied by Temperature-Controlled Friction-Force Microscopy (1999)

Temperature-controlled friction force microscopy (FFM), has been developed to determine the frictional (dissipative) character of thin polymer films. Using FFM variations in friction can be sampled over micron-scale regions and reduced to "friction histograms," yielding the distribution of frictional forces on the surface. The temperature dependence of the mean value of the frictional distribution was correlated to the known α-relaxation (glass-to-rubber transition) and/or secondary relaxation mechanisms of polymer films. The dominant contribution to friction, on polymer films, was attributed to viscoelastic mechanical loss. Using equivalent time scales, measured α-relaxations were found to occur at lower temperatures than bulk polymer values. The frictional response of PMMA displayed time-temperature equivalency upon variation of scan-velocity and temperature. The rate dependence of the hindered rotation of the -COOCH3 group (β relaxation) in PMMA was consistent with Arrhenius type behavior, allowing calculation of an activation energy. The activation energy was found to be lower than measured bulk energies.
Sensitive water concentration mapping in thin fresh tissues using tunable THz-wave parametric oscillator (2011)

Sensitive water concentration mapping in thin animal tissue samples has been demonstrated using tunable monochromatic THz-wave parametric source. A novel sample preparation approach is performed to effectively preserve tissue freshness at room temperature. The time course results show the sample characteristic of water content and distribution can be well measured and excellently repeated in 70minutes with a standard deviation of less than 1%. These results suggest the method of water volume concentration and distribution measurement using THz-wave has good stability with proper sample preparation, which has great potential in the fields of medical and biological diagnosis.
Next generation sequencing of cannabis flower samples and their respective quantitative PCR assays reveals false positive detection of off-target Aspergillus species (2022)

Cannabis has a complex microbiome that can, in rare circumstances, contain four Aspergillus species of clinical and regulatory concern. Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus fumigatus, Aspergillus niger, and Aspergillus terreus are regulated pathogens in many legal cannabis jurisdictions in the U.S. (21 states) and Canada. Molecular methods that interrogate the DNA of these pathogenic species have been adopted due to the challenges in resolving these species from other benign and ubiquitous Aspergillus species with culture or plating methods. Despite the rapid and competitive adoption of qPCR in this field, discordances still arise and require resolution. We describe the use of two different next generation sequencing methods to better characterize the targets of Aspergillus qPCR assays used in the cannabis field.
Speculation techniques for improving load related instruction scheduling (1999)

State of the art microprocessors achieve high performance by executing multiple instructions per cycle. In an out-of-order engine, the instruction scheduler is responsible for dispatching instructions to execution units based on dependencies, latencies, and resource availability. Most existing instruction schedulers are doing a less than optimal job of scheduling memory accesses and instructions dependent on them, for the following reasons:• Memory dependencies cannot be resolved prior to execution, so loads are not advanced ahead of preceding stores.• The dynamic latencies of load instructions are unknown, so scheduling dependent instructions is based on either optimistic load-use delay (may cause re-scheduling and re-execution) or pessimistic delay (creating unnecessary delays).• Memory pipelines are more expensive than other execution units, and as such, are a scarce resource. Currently, an increase in the memory execution bandwidth is usually achieved through multi-banked caches where bank conflicts limit efficiency.In this paper we present three techniques to address these scheduler limitations. One is to improve the scheduling of load instructions by using a simple memory disambiguation mechanism. The second is to improve the scheduling of load dependent instructions by employing a Data Cache Hit-Miss Predictor to predict the dynamic load latencies. And the third is to improve the efficiency of load scheduling in a multi-banked cache through Cache-Bank Prediction.
Robust Scheduling of Sampled-Data Networked Control Systems (2011)

In this brief, we consider the robust (in terms of model uncertainty) off-line scheduling problem for networked control systems (NCSs) with time-triggered communication. We model the NCS as a hybrid switched system and we propose an efficient method to calculate the continuous-time <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex Notation="TeX">${\cal L}_{2}$</tex></formula> -gain of the resulting closed-loop system for a given communication sequence. Finding a periodic scheduling policy that minimizes this norm is the (combinatorial) optimization problem that is solved by fast stochastic algorithms. A case study of a networked vehicle control system in a hardware-in-the-loop implementation is provided as an example of application.
Limited Feedback in Multiple Antenna Broadcast Channels (2006)

In this paper, we consider limited feedback for multiple antenna broadcast channels: each user quantizes its channel vector according to a rotated codebook which is optimal in the sense of mean square error and feeds back the codeword index. The paper is focused on characterizing the sum rate performance of zero-forcing dirty paper coding (ZFDPC) systems under limited feedback. We derive sum rate upper bound for systems employing Gaussian random codebooks and minimum distance decoding and link the throughput performance to some basic properties of the quantization codebook. Interestingly, we find that limited feedback employing a fixed codebook leads to a sum rate ceiling for asymptotically high SNR. Index Terms— Broadcast channel, multiple antenna, limited feedback.
Conversion technologies: general discussion (2017)

Yiping Luo opened the discussion of the paper by George W. Huber by asking: Did you carry out experiments using different ratios of water and solvent? Why did you choose the ratio 80 : 20? Also, regarding recovery of the lignin, after the experiment at 130 °C, is the structure of the lignin dif
Hybrid MMSE Precoding and Combining Designs for mmWave Multiuser Systems (2017)

Hybrid analog/digital precoding architectures are a low-complexity alternative for fully digital precoding in millimeter-wave (mmWave) MIMO wireless systems. This is motivated by the reduction in the number of radio frequency and mixed signal hardware components. Hybrid precoding involves a combination of analog and digital processing that enables both beamforming and spatial multiplexing gains in mmWave systems. This paper develops hybrid analog/digital precoding and combining designs for mmWave multiuser systems, based on the mean-squared error (MSE) criteria. In the first design with the analog combiners being determined at the users, the proposed hybrid minimum MSE (MMSE) precoder is realized by minimizing the sum-MSE of the data streams intended for the users. In the second design, both the hybrid precoder and combiners are jointly designed in an iterative manner to minimize a weighted sum-MSE cost function. By leveraging the sparse structure of mmWave channels, the MMSE precoding/combining design problems are then formulated as sparse reconstruction problems. An orthogonal matching pursuit-based algorithm is then developed to determine the MMSE precoder and combiners. Simulation results show the performance advantages of the proposed precoding/combining designs in various system settings.
Systemic induction of cells mediating antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity following administration of interleukin 2. (1989)

We have previously demonstrated that incubation of murine cells in vitro in interleukin 2 (IL-2) induced antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) and that these cells were derived from the NK/LAK, FcR+ cell population. In the present study we show that in vivo administration of IL-2 to mice induces cells which exhibit ADCC activity in the peritoneal cavity, liver, lungs, and to a lesser degree in the bone marrow, spleen, mesenteric lymph nodes, and thymus. A gradual increase in ADCC activity and the number of Fc-receptor-positive cells was seen 1 to 3 days after starting IL-2 treatment. The cells mediating ADCC are closely related to LAK cells since they expressed Thy1.2 antigens and are derived from asialo GM1-positive, Lyt2/L3T4-negative, radiosensitive cells. These results demonstrate that IL-2 can systemically induce cells with ADCC activity and that this ability may be useful in the establishment of therapeutic models against disseminated cancer when combined with specific antitumor monoclonal antibodies.
N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate receptors: Transient loss of NR1/NR2A/NR2B subunits after traumatic brain injury in a rodent model (2002)

Hippocampal N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor subunits, by virtue of their involvement in excitotoxic injury as well as memory association, may play an important role in the pathophysiologic mechanisms of traumatic brain injury (TBI). In this study, temporal changes in NMDA receptor subunit (NR1, NR2A, and NR2B) levels in rat hippocampus after TBI were investigated by Western blot and mRNA expression levels by RT-PCR methods. Sprague-Dawley rats (250-350 g) were employed, and a controlled cortical impact injury device was used to produce the TBI in rodents. At different postinjury time points (2, 6, 12, 24, and 48 hr), the rat hippocampi were dissected out for protein and RNA preparation. Western blot analysis revealed significant decreases of NR1, NR2A, and NR2B subunit proteins at 6 and 12 hr postinjury in rat hippocampus. Complete recovery of NR1, NR2A, and NR2B subunit protein to the levels of sham controls was observed at 24 hr postinjury. However, RT-PCR analysis did not show any significant change in the mRNA levels at 2, 6, and 12 hr postinjury in comparison with sham controls, suggesting nontranscriptional change in the levels of these subunits. Thus, TBI can produce transient degradation of NMDA receptor subunits in the hippocampus, which might contribute to temporary memory impairment after injury.