gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effectiveness of elastic band-type ankle&ndash;foot orthoses on postural control in poststroke elderly patients as determined using combined measurement of the stability index and body weight-bearing ratio (2015)

Based on our outcomes, we recommend the prescription of E-AFOs as part of a physiotherapy rehabilitation program to promote recovery of postural stability poststroke. When possible, therapeutic outcomes should be documented using the Biodex Balance System and foot pressure system, as used in our study, to provide evidence needed to support the development of a larger controlled trial to generate high-quality evidence on the effectiveness of E-AFOs.
Robust Ensemble Model Training via Random Layer Sampling Against Adversarial Attack (2020)

Deep neural networks have achieved substantial achievements in several computer vision areas, but have vulnerabilities that are often fooled by adversarial examples that are not recognized by humans. This is an important issue for security or medical applications. In this paper, we propose an ensemble model training framework with random layer sampling to improve the robustness of deep neural networks. In the proposed training framework, we generate various sampled model through the random layer sampling and update the weight of the sampled model. After the ensemble models are trained, it can hide the gradient efficiently and avoid the gradient-based attack by the random layer sampling method. To evaluate our proposed method, comprehensive and comparative experiments have been conducted on three datasets. Experimental results show that the proposed method improves the adversarial robustness.
Second generation IEEE802.11N performance for IEC61850-based substation automation system (2016)

As the initial scope of supporting communications inside substation automation systems, IEC 61850 was defined to be mapped on Ethernet as the layer 2 communication network technology. It is because the Ethernet is the dominant technology for the Local area network – LAN and it brings significant advantages of high bandwidth and low latency especially with the use of optics fibers at the physical layer. Consequently, Ethernet is very appropriate for the substation indoor LAN with applications that require high bandwidth e.g. measurements and time-critical functions such as protection services. However, when IEC 61850 is extended to support large-scale communication networks between substations, control the centers to substations and DERs; Ethernet is no longer a good solution. The rapid emergence of DERs, the increasing amount of electric vehicles and smart meters reveal the shortcomings of Ethernet which rest in its high set-up cost and scalability problem following the use of cable for all connections. In this paper we focus on the use of the Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) technology to support distribution substation applications. The advantages of this solution lie in the low cost of installation, enough data rates, and hassle-free deployment. However, it is not suitable for remote control communications in the distribution grid due to the limited coverage of the Wi-Fi radio. Some examples of using WLAN Compliance with IEC 61850 models to construct the SAS network as well as the network performance simulation results are also included in this paper based on the Opnet software.
Distillers By‐Product Cattle Diets Enhance Reduced Sulfur Gas Fluxes from Feedlot Soils and Manures (2016)

Total reduced sulfur (TRS) emissions from animal feeding operations are a concern with increased feeding of high-sulfur distillers by-products. Three feeding trials were conducted to evaluate feeding wet distillers grain plus solubles (WDGS) on TRS fluxes. Fresh manure was collected three times during Feeding Trial 1 from cattle fed 0, 20, 40, and 60% WDGS. Fluxes of TRS from 40 and 60% WDGS manures were 3- to 13-fold greater than the 0 and 20% WDGS manures during the first two periods. In the final period, TRS flux from 60% WDGS was 5- to 22-fold greater than other WDGS manures. During Feeding Trial 2, 0 and 40% WDGS diets on four dates were compared in feedlot-scale pens. On two dates, fluxes from mixed manure and soil near the feed bunk were 3.5-fold greater from 40% WDGS pens. After removing animals, soil TRS flux decreased 82% over 19 d but remained 50% greater in 40% WDGS pens, principally from the wetter pen edges (1.9-fold greater than the drier central mound). During two cycles of cattle production in Feeding Trial 3, TRS soil fluxes were 0.3- to 4-fold greater over six dates for pens feeding WDGS compared with dry-rolled corn diet and principally from wetter pen edges. Soil TRS flux correlated with %WDGS, total N, total P, manure pack temperature, and surface temperature. Consistent results among these three trials indicate that TRS fluxes increase by two- to fivefold when cattle were fed greater levels of WDGS, but specific manure management practices may help control TRS fluxes.
Traction fields, moments, and strain energy that cells exert on their surroundings (2002)

Adherent cells exert tractions on their surroundings. These tractions can be measured by observing the displacements of beads embedded on a flexible gel substrate on which the cells are cultured. This paper presents an exact solution to the problem of computing the traction field from the observed displacement field. The solution rests on recasting the relationship between displacements and tractions into Fourier space, where the recovery of the traction field is especially simple. We present two subcases of the solution, depending on whether or not tractions outside the observed cell boundaries are set to be zero. The implementation is computationally efficient. We also give the solution for the traction field in a representative human airway smooth muscle cell contracted by treatment with histamine. Finally, we give explicit formulas for reducing the traction and displacement fields to contraction moments, the orientation of the principal axes of traction, and the strain energy imparted by the cell to the substrate.
CRÓNICA URBANA, SUBJETIVIDADES Y REPRESENTACIÓN. A PROPÓSITO DE LOS RITUALES DEL CAOS DE CARLOS MONSIVÁIS (2009)

Este trabajo se pregunta acerca de la representación de subjetividades populares y letradas en la crónica urbana, en especial la cronística reciente y su puesta en escena de las ciudades contemporáneas. A partir del libro &lt;i&gt;Los rituales del caos&lt;/i&gt; de Carlos Monsiváis, de sus crónicas y sus fotografías, se analizan nuevos modos de representar la subjetividad y la tensión letrado-popular. Aludimos entonces a los ejes periodismo/historia/literatura y letrado/popular, y proponemos una aproximación a la conformación de la subjetividad en la crónica, a partir de la colocación de la primera persona del cronista en una tradición testimonial-autobiográfica, que se remonta a las crónicas de Indias.
UV-curable hybrid polymers for optical applications: technical challenges, industrial solutions, and future developments (2014)

Advanced micro- and nanofabrication processes are constantly evolving from academic R&amp;D environment towards real production technology. Therefore, the availability of suitable polymers for optical applications plays a crucial role to satisfy not only application based requirements but also the compatibility to industrial production technologies. In this context, UV-curable hybrid polymers, i.e. inorganic-organic materials obtained by sol-gel chemistry, were recently implemented into mass production environment, e.g. for micro-lenses in mobile device applications. In this contribution, we report on the development of innovative hybrid polymers and their tailoring towards an easy and fast processing with reliable and reproducible performance output for industrial large-scale production. Based on a discussion on standard process parameters with respect to optimize the material’s performance, the technical demands of industrial manufacture to the hybrid polymers will be subsequently reviewed by giving selective examples. This will be complemented by a brief description of current R&amp;D activities adapting hybrid polymers to future patterning technologies.
Reflectance measurement of two-dimensional photonic crystal nanocavities with embedded quantum dots (2010)

The spectra of two-dimensional photonic crystal slab nanocavities with embedded InAs quantum dots are measured by photoluminescence and reflectance. In comparing the spectra taken by these two different methods, consistency with the nanocavities' resonant wavelengths is found. Furthermore, it is shown that the reflectance method can measure both active and passive cavities. $Q$ factors of nanocavities, whose resonant wavelengths range from 1280 to 1620 nm, are measured by the reflectance method in cross polarization. Experimentally, $Q$ factors decrease for longer wavelengths and the intensity, reflected by the nanocavities on resonance, becomes minimal around 1370 nm. The trend of the $Q$ factors is explained by the change in the slab thickness relative to the resonant wavelength, showing a good agreement between theory and experiment. The trend of reflected intensity by the nanocavities on resonance can be understood as effects that originate from the photonic crystal slab and the underlying air-cladding thicknesses. In addition to three-dimensional finite-difference time-domain calculations, an analytical model is introduced that is able to reproduce the wavelength dependence of the reflected intensity observed in the experiment.
Solvolytic rearrangements of azabicyclic compounds. Part 1. Identification of products (1981)

The products of solvolysis of 2β-halogeno-derivatives of 7-methyl-7-azabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane, 8-methyl-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octane,9-methyl-9-azabicyclo-[4.2.1]- and -[3.3.1]-nonane, and 7-methyl-7-azabicyclo[3.2.1]-octane, have been isolated and characterised. Solvolytic rearrangement of 2-bromotropinone to a 4-hydroxy-tropan-6-one is also described.
In situ evidence of the modification of the parallel propagation of EMIC waves by heated He+ ions (2016)

Abstract With observations of the Van Allen Probe B, we report in situ evidence of the modification of the parallel propagating electromagnetic ion cyclotron (EMIC) waves by heated He + ions. In the outer boundary of the plasmasphere, accompanied with the He + ion heating, the frequency bands of H + and He + for EMIC waves merged into each other, leading to the disappearance of a usual stop band between the gyrofrequency of He + ions (Ω He+ ) and the H + cutoff frequency ( ω H+co ) in the cold plasma. Moreover, the dispersion relation for EMIC waves theoretically calculated with the observed plasma parameters also demonstrates that EMIC waves can indeed parallel propagate across Ω He+ . Therefore, the paper provides an in situ evidence of the modification of the parallel propagation of EMIC waves by heated He + ions.
Structure of Nanoscale Truncated Octahedral DNA Cages: Variation of Single-Stranded Linker Regions and Influence on Assembly Yields (2010)

The assembly, structure, and stability of DNA nanocages with the shape of truncated octahedra have been studied. The cages are composed of 12 double-stranded B-DNA helices interrupted by single-stranded linkers of thymidines of varying length that constitute the truncated corners of the structure. The structures assemble with a high efficiency in a one-step procedure, compared to previously published structures of similar complexity. The structures of the cages were determined by small-angle X-ray scattering. With increasing linker length, there is a systematic increase of the cage size and decrease of the twist angle of the double helices with respect to the symmetry planes of the cage structure. In the present study, we demonstrate the length of the single-stranded linker regions, which impose a certain degree of flexibility to the structure, to be the important determinant for efficient assembly. The linker length can be decreased to three thymidines without affecting assembly yield or the overall structural characteristics of the DNA cages. A linker length of two thymidines represents a sharp cutoff abolishing cage assembly. This is supported by energy minimization calculations suggesting substantial hydrogen bond deformation in a cage with linkers of two thymidines.
Clinical benefit from erythropoietin (2000)

Advances continue in erythropoietin biology, and additional data reviewed here have recently become available on complex feedback mechanisms describing the interrelations of hypoxia and its effects on anemia and tumor behavior (eg, apoptosis, angiogenesis). In addition to biology, other clinically relevant data in oncology are included and an attempt is made to identify patients who are most likely to benefit from treatment. The latter aspects will better define the profile of the target patient, probably prevent overtreatment, and improve cost-benefit ratios. Interesting data on radiotherapy results improved by increasing tissue hemoglobin have been published but will need further confirmation.
Highly efficient yellow phosphorescent organic light-emitting diodes for two-peak tandem white organic light-emitting diode applications (2013)

Reported herein are highly efficient yellow phosphorescent organic light-emitting diodes for tandem white organic light-emitting diode (WOLED) applications. The fabricated device structure was ITO/di-[4-(N,N-ditolyl-amino)-phenyl] cyclohexane(TAPC)(50 nm)/bis[2-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-pyridine]beryllium(Bepp2):iridium(III)bis(4-(4-t-butylphenyl)thieno [3,2-c] pyridinato-N,C2′)acetylacetonate)(Ir(tptpy)2(acac))(10 nm)/(1,3,5-tri[(3-pyridyl)-phen-3-yl]benzene(TmPyPB)(40 nm)/LiF (1.5 nm)/Al(100 nm). The extremely high 25.0% external quantum efficiency (EQE), the 84.4 cd/A current efficiency, and the 90.7 lm/W power efficiency are reported, with Commission Internationale de L'Eclairage (CIE) coordinates of (0.49, 0.50). Such good performances are attributed to the good exciton confinement structure fabricated herein, and the highly efficient yellow dopant. The white tandem device was fabricated by utilizing this yellow device with the authors’ phosphorescent blue-OLED unit. An excellent 67.2 lm/W power efficiency and a 48.6% EQE with CIE coordinates of (0.39, 0.49) were obtained.
A high-temperature transient hot-wire thermal conductivity apparatus for fluids (1991)

A new apparatus for measuring both the thermal conductivity and thermal diffusivity of fluids at temperatures from 220 to 775 K at pressures to 70 MPa is described. The instrument is based on the step-power-forced transient hot-wire technique. Two hot wires are arranged in different arms of a Wheatstone bridge such that the response of the shorter compensating wire is subtracted from the response of the primary wire. Both hot wires are 12.7 µm diameter platinum wire and are simultaneously used as electrical heat sources and as resistance thermometers. A microcomputer controls bridge nulling, applies the power pulse, monitors the bridge response, and stores the results. Performance of the instrument was verified with measurements on liquid toluene as well as argon and nitrogen gas. In particular, new data for the thermal conductivity of liquid toluene near the saturation line, between 298 and 550 K, are presented. These new data can be used to illustrate the importance of radiative heat transfer in transient hot-wire measurements. Thermal conductivity data for liquid toluene, which are corrected for radiation, are reported. The precision of the thermal conductivity data is ± 0.3% and the accuracy is about ±1%. The accuracy of the thermal diffusivity data is about ± 5%. From the measured thermal conductivity and thermal diffusivity, we can calculate the specific heat, <i>C<sub>p</sub></i> , of the fluid, provided that the density is measured, or available through an equation of state.
Caffeic Acid Phenethyl Ester Suppresses the Proliferation of Human Prostate Cancer Cells through Inhibition of p70S6K and Akt Signaling Networks (2012)

Caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) is a bioactive component derived from honeybee hive propolis. CAPE has been shown to have antimitogenic, anticarcinogenic, and other beneficial medicinal properties. Many of its effects have been shown to be mediated through its inhibition of NF-κB signaling pathways. We took a systematic approach to uncover the effects of CAPE from hours to days on the signaling networks in human prostate cancer cells. We observed that CAPE dosage dependently suppressed the proliferation of LNCaP, DU-145, and PC-3 human prostate cancer cells. Administration of CAPE by gavage significantly inhibited the tumor growth of LNCaP xenografts in nude mice. Using LNCaP cells as a model system, we examined the effect of CAPE on gene expression, protein signaling, and transcriptional regulatory networks using micro-Western arrays and PCR arrays. We built a model of the impact of CAPE on cell signaling which suggested that it acted through inhibition of Akt-related protein signaling networks. Overexpression of Akt1 or c-Myc, a downstream target of Akt signaling, significantly blocked the antiproliferative effects of CAPE. In summary, our results suggest that CAPE administration may be useful as an adjuvant therapy for prostate and potentially other types of cancers that are driven by the p70S6K and Akt signaling networks.
Kandungan Prolin, Klorofil, dan Hasil Tanaman Tomat Mutan IAA9 pada Kondisi Cekaman Suhu Tinggi (2021)

Cekaman suhu tinggi dapat menyebabkan perubahan pada kandungan prolin, klorofil tanaman tomat sehingga mempengaruhi produksi buah tomat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji kandungan klorofil dan prolin sebagai respon fisiologi tanaman tomat mutan iaa9-3 dan iaa9-5, serta WT-MT terhadap kondisi cekaman suhu tinggi yaitu berkisar 40-45oC. Perlakuan terdiri dari tiga genotipe tomat asal introduksi dan masing-masing terdiri dari 12 unit tanaman, sedangkan analisis data hasil pengamatan menggunakan analisis Student’s T-Test. Pada penelitian ini digunakan dua mutan tomat iaa9 yaitu mutan iaa9-3 dan iaa9-5 serta WT-MT sebagai kontrol yang diberi perlakuan kondisi cekaman suhu tinggi suhu berkisar 40-45 oC dimana rata-rata suhu maksimum 42,84 oC, sedangkan rata-rata suhu minimum yaitu 22.57 oC dan rata-rata kelembaban maksimum yaitu 82,84 % sedangkan rata-rata kelembaban minimum yaitu 61,57 %. Hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa pada mutan iaa9-5 memiliki kandungan prolin yang lebih tinggi jika dibandingkan dengan WT-MT dan iaa9-3, sedangkan kandungan klorofil mutan iaa9-5 dan iaa9-3 lebih tinggi daripada WT-MT. Jumlah dan bobot buah pada mutan iaa9-5 lebih tinggi daripada mutan iaa9-3, sedangkan pada WT-MT mengalami kegagalan membentuk buah.
Simultaneously Combined Cancer Cell- and CTLA4-Targeted NIR-PIT Causes a Synergistic Treatment Effect in Syngeneic Mouse Models (2021)

Near-infrared photoimmunotherapy (NIR-PIT) is a new cancer treatment that utilizes antibody-IRDye700DX (IR700) conjugates. The clinical use of NIR-PIT has recently been approved in Japan for patients with inoperable head and neck cancer targeting human epidermal growth factor receptor (hEGFR). Previously, cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA4)-targeted NIR-PIT has been shown to strongly inhibit tumor progression and prolonged survival was seen in different tumor models due to enhanced T-cell-mediated antitumor immunity. In this study, combined NIR-PIT targeting CTLA4 expressing cells and cancer cells was investigated in four tumor models including a newly established hEGFR-expressing murine oropharyngeal cancer cell (mEERL-hEGFR). While single molecule-targeted therapy (NIR-PIT targeting hEGFR or CTLA4) did not inhibit tumor progression in poorly immunogenic mEERL-hEGFR tumor, dual (CTLA4/hEGFR)-targeted NIR-PIT significantly suppressed tumor growth and prolonged survival resulting in a 38% complete response rate. After the dual-targeted NIR-PIT, depletion of CTLA4 expressing cells, which were mainly regulatory T cells (Tregs), and an increase in the CD8<sup>+</sup>/Treg ratio in the tumor bed were observed, suggesting enhanced host antitumor immunity. Furthermore, dual-targeted NIR-PIT showed antitumor immunity in distant untreated tumors of the same type. Thus, simultaneous cancer cell-targeted NIR-PIT and CTLA4-targeted NIR-PIT is a promising new cancer therapy strategy, especially in poorly immunogenic tumors where NIR-PIT monotherapy is suboptimal.
A crustal movement observation system using quasi-zenith satellites (2010)

The proposal for an observation system of crustal movement using two quasi-zenith satellites is presented. In the system, two quasi-zenith satellites have a retro-directive antenna on board and an earth station have two beam antenna in the direction to the two quasi-zenith satellites. The crustal movement at the area of the earth stations is obtained by interfering with two signals from the retro-directive antennas which transmit the receiving waves from the earth station antenna. The link budget for the system is carried out, and a spherical reflector antenna for two beam antenna is designed.
A New Classification Method for Drone-Based Crops in Smart Farming (2022)

During the past decades, smart farming became one of the most important revolutions in the agriculture industry. Smart farming makes use of different communication technologies and modern information sciences for increasing the quality and quantity of the product. On the other hand, drones showed a major potential for enhancing imagery systems and remote sensing usage for many different applications such as crop classification, crop health monitoring, and weed management. In this paper, an intelligent method for classifying crops is proposed to use a transfer learning approach based on a number of drone images. Moreover, the Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) method is used as a classifier to improve efficiency for obtaining more accurate results in the training and testing phases. Various metrics are measured to evaluate the efficiency of the proposed model such as accuracy rate of detection, error rate and confusing matrix. It is found to be proven from the experimental results that the proposed method presents more efficient results with an accuracy detection rate of 92.93%.
The inhibition of the corrosion of iron in neutral and alkaline solutions. I (1959)

Abstract The potentials at which iron is converted into anhydrous cubic oxide in certain inhibitive solutions have been measured and it has been shown that these potentials are more negative than the potentials acquired by unpolarised specimens immersed in the solutions for 3 days. It is suggested that when iron, carrying its air‐formed film, is placed in an inhibitive solution, saturated with air, the corrosion current is concentrated at the weak spots in the oxide film and at the air‐formed film is thereby thickened and corrosion prevented. When the pH of the inhibitive solution exceeds 9, anhydrous cubic oxide may also be formed by the interaction of the anodic product, ferrous hydroxide, with atmospheric oxygen. This explanation of inhibition has been extended to account for the corrosive nature of pure water, the effect of the concentration of the inhibitor, the dual rǒle of oxygen and the effect of oxygen on the efficiency of non‐oxidising inhibitors.