gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Multifunctional Printing: Incorporating Electronics into 3D Parts Made by Additive Manufacturing (2015)

According to the ASTM denition,1 AM or rapid prototyping (RP) is the process of joining materials to make objects from 3D model data, usually layer upon layer. More colloquially, AM and RP are referred to as 3D printing. In addition to layer-based AM processes, there are direct-writing techniques (DW) in which functional and/or structural materials are precisely deposited onto a substrate in digitally dened locations.2,3 DWCONTENTS8.1 Introduction ........................................................................................................................ 215 8.2 What Are Electronics and Why Do We Need Them in 3D Objects? .......................... 217 8.3 Conventional Fabrication of Electronics ......................................................................... 218 8.4 Printed Electronics ............................................................................................................. 220 8.5 Direct-Writing of Electronics............................................................................................222 8.6 Why Does DW Not Translate Readily to 3D Printing?.................................................223 8.7 Categories for Generating Electronics in 3D Objects ................................................... 2248.7.1 Hybrid Chip Insertion Approach (Category 1) ..................................................225 8.7.1.1 Pick and Place ..........................................................................................225 8.7.1.2 Ultrasonic Consolidation for Embedding Electronic Structures .....225 8.7.1.3 Integrating Circuitry Using Transfer Printing ................................... 226 8.7.1.4 Laser-Assisted Transfer ..........................................................................228 8.7.1.5 Connecting the Transferred Components ........................................... 2298.7.2 Surface DW Approach (Category 2) ....................................................................229 8.7.2.1 Droplet-Based DW ..................................................................................230 8.7.2.2 Energy Beam-Based DW ........................................................................235 8.7.2.3 Flow-Based DW .......................................................................................236
Tree-based model algorithm for maintaining consistency in real-time collaborative editing systems (2002)

Operational transformation has been identified as an appropriate approach for consistency maintenance in realtime collaborative editing systems. Various operational transformation algorithms [2,10,16,15,12,19] can be applied only for applications that use a linear representation of the document. We propose a new algorithm called treeOPT (tree OPerational Transformation) that relies on a tree representation of the document. Applications using this algorithm achieve better efficiency, the possibility of working at different granularity levels and improvements in the semantic consistency. Our algorithm applies the same basic mechanisms as the existing operational transformation algorithms recursively over the different document levels.
Optimization of wavelet decomposition for image compression and feature preservation (2003)

A neural-network-based framework has been developed to search for an optimal wavelet kernel that can be used for a specific image processing task. In this paper, a linear convolution neural network was employed to seek a wavelet that minimizes errors and maximizes compression efficiency for an image or a defined image pattern such as microcalcifications in mammograms and bone in computed tomography (CT) head images. We have used this method to evaluate the performance of tap-4 wavelets on mammograms, CTs, magnetic resonance images, and Lena images. We found that the Daubechies wavelet or those wavelets with similar filtering characteristics can produce the highest compression efficiency with the smallest mean-square-error for many image patterns including general image textures as well as microcalcifications in digital mammograms. However, the Haar wavelet produces the best results on sharp edges and low-noise smooth areas. We also found that a special wavelet whose low-pass filter coefficients are 0.32252136, 0.85258927, 1.38458542, and -0.14548269) produces the best preservation outcomes in all tested microcalcification features including the peak signal-to-noise ratio, the contrast and the figure of merit in the wavelet lossy compression scheme. Having analyzed the spectrum of the wavelet filters, we can find the compression outcomes and feature preservation characteristics as a function of wavelets. This newly developed optimization approach can be generalized to other image analysis applications where a wavelet decomposition is employed.
A new name in thrombosis, ADAMTS13 (2002)

The lack of myostatin promotes growth of skeletal muscle, and blockade of its activity has been proposed as a treatment for various muscle-wasting disorders. Here, we have examined two independent mouse lines that harbor mutations in the myostatin gene, ...
Ion-beam implantation (1985)

The technique and benefits of ion-beam implantation, which permits intimate mixing of heretofore incompatible elements, is discussed. This technology will significantly increase the longevity of surgical bone implants and of bearings. Its application in ion-beam mixing will help achieve improved materials surfaces and harder crystals, and it can be used to obtain desirable characteristics in ceramics and plastics. Novel workstations being constructed to take advantage of these possibilities are described.
CHOOSING OF OPTIMAL REFERENCE SAMPLES FOR BOREAL LAKE CHLOROPHYLL A CONCENTRATION MODELING USING AERIAL HYPERSPECTRAL DATA (2017)

Abstract. Optical remote sensing has potential to overcome the limitations of point estimations of lake water quality by providing spatial and temporal information. In open ocean waters the optical properties are dominated by phytoplankton density, while the relationship between color and the constituents is more complicated in inland waters varying regionally and seasonally. Concerning the difficulties relating to comprehensive modeling of complex inland and coastal waters, the alternative approach is considered in this paper: the raw digital numbers (DN) recorded using aerial remote hyperspectral sensing are used without corrections and derived by means of regression modeling to predict Chlorophyll a (Chl-a) concentrations using in situ reference measurements. The target of this study is to estimate which number of local reference measurements is adequate for producing reliable statistical model to predict Chl-a concentration in complex lake water ecosystem. Based on the data collected from boreal lake Lohjanjärvi, the effect of standard deviation of Chl-a concentration of reference samples and their local clustering on predictability of model increases when number of reference samples or bands used as model variables decreases. However, the 2 or 3 band models are beneficial and more cost efficient when compared to 5 or 7 band models when the standard deviation of Chl-a concentration of reference samples is over certain level. The simple empirical approach combining remote sensing and traditional sampling may be feasible for regional and seasonal retrieval of Chl-a concentration distributions in complex ecosystems, where the comprehensive models are difficult or even impossible to derive.
Cell Tracking for Assessment of In-Vitro Uptake Kinetics in Ultrasound-Mediated Drug Delivery using Fibered Confocal Fluorescence Microscopy (2014)

Local drug delivery in oncology aims at depositing high doses of anticancer agents while limiting their toxic side effects. Biological barriers, such as cell plasma membranes, hinder their delivery and requires strategies to address this challenge. Previously [1], we demonstrated the feasibility to monitor in real-time, with dynamic fluorescence microscopy, the in-tracellular delivery of a hydrophilic model drug mediated by ultrasound (US), and to quantify the pharmacokinetic parameters derived from a two-compartment model. We evaluate here the impact of the photobleaching (PB) effect experimentally , and compute the PB-corrected uptake kinetics.
Production of Poly(ε-Caprolactone)/Hydroxyapatite Composite Scaffolds with a Tailored Macro/Micro-Porous Structure, High Mechanical Properties, and Excellent Bioactivity (2017)

We produced poro-us poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL)/hydroxyapatite (HA) composite scaffolds for bone regeneration, which can have a tailored macro/micro-porous structure with high mechanical properties and excellent in vitro bioactivity using non-solvent-induced phase separation (NIPS)-based 3D plotting. This innovative 3D plotting technique can create highly microporous PCL/HA composite filaments by inducing unique phase separation in PCL/HA solutions through the non-solvent-solvent exchange phenomenon. The PCL/HA composite scaffolds produced with various HA contents (0 wt %, 10 wt %, 15 wt %, and 20 wt %) showed that PCL/HA composite struts with highly microporous structures were well constructed in a controlled periodic pattern. Similar levels of overall porosity (~78 vol %) and pore size (~248 µm) were observed for all the PCL/HA composite scaffolds, which would be highly beneficial to bone tissue regeneration. Mechanical properties, such as ultimate tensile strength and compressive yield strength, increased with an increase in HA content. In addition, incorporating bioactive HA particles into the PCL polymer led to remarkable enhancements in in vitro apatite-forming ability.
Early Progressive Kyphosis Following Compression Fractures (1983)

SUTHERLAND, CHARLES J. M.D.; MILLER, FREEMAN M.D.; WANG, GWO-JAW M.D.Editor(s): POST, MELVIN M.D. Author Information
A reference equation for maximal aerobic power for treadmill and cycle ergometer exercise testing: Analysis from the FRIEND registry (2018)

Background Maximal oxygen uptake (VO<sub>2</sub>max) is a powerful predictor of health outcomes. Valid and portable reference values are integral to interpreting measured VO<sub>2</sub>max; however, available reference standards lack validation and are specific to exercise mode. This study was undertaken to develop and validate a single equation for normal standards for VO<sub>2</sub>max for the treadmill or cycle ergometer in men and women. Methods Healthy individuals ( N = 10,881; 67.8% men, 20-85 years) who performed a maximal cardiopulmonary exercise test on either a treadmill or a cycle ergometer were studied. Of these, 7617 and 3264 individuals were randomly selected for development and validation of the equation, respectively. A Brazilian sample (1619 individuals) constituted a second validation cohort. The prediction equation was determined using multiple regression analysis, and comparisons were made with the widely-used Wasserman and European equations. Results Age, sex, weight, height and exercise mode were significant predictors of VO<sub>2</sub>max. The regression equation was: VO<sub>2</sub>max (ml kg<sup>-1</sup> min<sup>-1</sup>) = 45.2 - 0.35*Age - 10.9*Sex (male = 1; female = 2) - 0.15*Weight (pounds) + 0.68*Height (inches) - 0.46*Exercise Mode (treadmill = 1; bike = 2) ( R = 0.79, R<sup>2 </sup>= 0.62, standard error of the estimate = 6.6 ml kg<sup>-1</sup> min<sup>-1</sup>). Percentage predicted VO<sub>2</sub>max for the US and Brazilian validation cohorts were 102.8% and 95.8%, respectively. The new equation performed better than traditional equations, particularly among women and individuals ≥60 years old. Conclusion A combined equation was developed for normal standards for VO<sub>2</sub>max for different exercise modes derived from a US national registry. The equation provided a lower average error between measured and predicted VO<sub>2</sub>max than traditional equations even when applied to an independent cohort. Additional studies are needed to determine its portability.
Measurement of Elastic Properties of Self-Oscillating Gel (2006)

Self-oscillating gel is designed by copolymerizing the catalyst for the Belousov- Zhabotinsky (BZ) reaction with thermosensitive polymer. The cylindrical-shaped specimens of NIPAAm-co-(Ru(bpy)3 gel were prepared by copolymerizing (Ru(bpy)3) monomer as catalyst with NIPAAm as thermosensitive polymer. Tensile tests were performed with cross-head speed of 10 )m/s in pure water at 20°C. Stress-strain curves were plotted using tensile load measured by semiconductor gauge and strains calculated from observation of the gel. Fracture strain and Young’s modulus were obtained from these curves. Also Poisson’s ratio was estimated from the ratio of strains in longitudinal and radial directions.
Optical Clearing of Cranial Bone (2008)

We present experimental results on optical properties of cranial bone controlled by administration of propylene glycol and glycerol. Both transmittance and reflectance spectra of human and porcine cranial bone in vitro were measured. For estimation of absorption and reduced scattering coefficients of the bone, the inverse adding‐doubling method was used. The decrease of reflectance of the samples under action of the immersion agents was demonstrated. The experiments have shown that administration of the immersion liquids allows for effective controlling of tissue optical characteristics that makes bone more transparent, thereby increasing the ability of light penetration through the tissue. The presented results can be used in developing of functional imaging techniques, including OCT.
Use of chicken feathers as potential adsorbent for the reclamation of industrial lean methyl diethanolamine solutions (2021)

Sweetening units using methyl diethanolamine (MDEA) solvent are instrumental in removing hydrogen sulfide and carbon dioxide from natural gas. However, over time MDEA degrades and loses its scavenging efficiency due to the formation of heat-stable salts (HSS) that are hard to remove. Chicken feathers (CFs), a poultry waste by-product, are rich in functional groups that could help to remove HSS from alkanolamine solutions. CFs were characterized using XRD, SEM-EDX, TGA, DSC, and BET. FTIR spectroscopy analysis confirmed the presence of hydroxyl and amide groups that were responsible for the total organic acid (TOA) anions adsorption. The Freundlich model best fitted the equilibrium adsorption data with a maximum uptake capacity of 525 mg/g at 298 K. Kinetic analysis showed that the Pseudo-Second-Order model best fitted results with a rate constant of 0.0006 min−1. The equilibrium thermodynamic study showed that the biosorption process was spontaneous. CFs exhibited good recyclability and high TOA uptake capacity even after five cycles using absolute ethanol as the eluent, maintaining 88% of the adsorption ability. The results demonstrated that CFs could be employed as a low-cost alternative to commercial activated carbon absorbents that are currently used to clean industrial lean MDEA aqueous solutions from their HSS contaminants.
A Simple Derivation of the Undetected Error Probabilties of Complementary Codes (2004)

Recently, Fu, Klove, and Wei (2003) have shown that the undetected error probability of a binary code is related to that of its complement, and the undetected error probability of a constant-weight binary code is related to that of its complement relative to the set of all constant-weight vectors. We generalize these relations to cover the complements of any binary or nonbinary code relative to a distance-invariant code containing the first code. We prove the generalization using a much simpler argument than the published proofs of the special cases.
Assembly of the oligomeric membrane pore formed by Staphylococcal alpha-hemolysin examined by truncation mutagenesis. (1992)

The alpha-hemolysin (alpha HL) from Staphylococcus aureus causes the lysis of susceptible cells such as rabbit erythrocytes (rRBCs). Lysis is associated with the formation of a hexameric pore in the plasma membrane. Here we show that truncation mutants of alpha HL missing 2 to 22 N-terminal amino acids form oligomers on the surfaces of rRBCs but fail to lyse the cells. By contrast, mutants missing 3 or 5 amino acids at the C terminus are very inefficient at oligomerization but do lyse rRBCs, albeit extremely slowly. The C-terminal truncation mutants, retarded as monomers on the cell surface, undergo a conformational change in which the protease-sensitive loop located near the midpoint of the polypeptide chain becomes occluded. Judged by this criterion, polypeptides truncated at the N terminus, frozen as nonlytic oligomers, are in a similar conformation. A second proteolytic site near the N terminus of the polypeptide becomes inaccessible in the lytic pore formed by the wild-type polypeptide, supporting the idea that a second conformational change occurs upon pore formation. These findings suggest a pathway for assembly of the lytic pore in which alpha HL first binds to target cells as a monomer, which is converted to a nonlytic oligomeric intermediate before formation of the pore. In keeping with this model, an N-terminal truncation mutant blocks the slow lysis induced by a C-terminal truncation mutant, presumably by diverting the weakly lytic subunits into inactive oligomers.
Seed-induced Aβ deposits in the corpus callosum disrupt white matter integrity in a mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease (2022)

Neuropathologically, Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by the accumulation of amyloid-beta peptide (Aβ) and subsequent formation of the so-called Aβ plaques. Along with neuronal loss, previous studies report white matter anomalies and corpus callosum (CC) atrophy in AD patients. Notably, perturbations in the white matter can be observed years before expected disease onset, suggesting that early stages of disease progression play a role in AD-associated loss of myelin integrity. Through seed-induced deposition of Aβ, we are able to examine alterations of central nervous system (CNS) integrity during the initial stages of plaque formation. In this study, we investigate the impact of Aβ seeding in the CC utilizing various imaging techniques as well as quantitative gene expression analysis and demonstrate that Aβ deposits result in an imbalance of glial cells in the CC. We found increased amounts of phagocytic microglia and reactive astrocytes, while oligodendrocyte progenitor cell (OPC) numbers were reduced. Moreover, white matter aberrations adjacent to the Aβ seeding were observed together with an overall decline in callosal myelination. This data indicate that the initial stages of plaque formation induce oligodendrocyte dysfunction, which might ultimately lead to myelin loss.
Optimizing VIVO: Under the Hood of 1.8.1 (2016)

A look at how the performance of VIVO was improved in the version 1.8.1 release.
Measurement of the branching fractions and the invariant mass distributions forτ−→h−h+h−ντdecays (2010)

We present a study of tau(-)-&gt;pi(-)pi(+)pi(-)nu(tau), tau(-) -&gt; K-pi(+)pi(-)nu(tau), tau(-) -&gt; K-K+ pi(-)nu(tau), and tau(-) -&gt; K-K+K-nu(tau) decays using a 666 fb(-1) data sample collected with the Belle detector at the KEKB asymmetric- energy e(+)e(-) collider at and near a center- of- mass energy of 10.58 GeV. The branching fractions are measured to be B(tau(-)-&gt;pi(-)pi(+)pi(-)nu(tau)) = (8.42 +/- 0.00(-0.25)(+0.26)) x 10(-2), B(tau(-)-&gt; K-pi(+)pi(-)nu(tau)) = 3.30 +/- 0.01(-0.17)(+0.16)) x 10(-3), B(tau(-)-&gt; K-K+pi(-)nu(tau)) = (1.55 +/- 0.01(-0.05)(+0.06)) x 10(-3), and B(tau(-)-&gt; K-K+K-nu(tau)), = (3.29 +/- 0.17(-0.20)(+0.19)) x 10(-5), where the first uncertainty is statistical and the second is systematic. These branching fractions do not include contributions from modes in which a pi(+)pi(-) pair originates from a K-S(0) decay. We also present the unfolded invariant mass distributions for these decays.
Design of Environmentally Benign Nonwood Pulp Plant (2005)

The present paper describes the extensive development and engineering work required to construct an environmentally benign nonwood pulp plant based on a novel pulping process, i.e. the Chempolis process. The core of the process is delignification by a solution of formic acid and water, which facilitates TCF bleaching, the production of high-grade pulp and paper and the recovery of chemicals and water. Process design work was a cyclic process that involved experimental study of the basic operations in laboratory and pilot scale and detailed modelling of the basic operations and the entire process. The output of process design, i.e. P and I diagrams and dimensional information of equipment, were used as input for plant design. Plant design was carried out by high-end three-dimensional computer-aided design systems.
3D Modelling of Stacked Turbidite Channels – Impact on Dynamic Reservoir Simulations (2004)

A013 3D MODELLING OF STACKED TURBIDITE CHANNELS - IMPACT ON DYNAMIC RESERVOIR SIMULATIONS Summary 1 AUTHOR(S) R. LABOURDETTE 1 J. SEGUIN 1 P. BIVER 1 F. TEMPLE 1 and J-A. HEGRE 2 Address 1 Total Geoscience Technologies Dept ISS CSTJF Avenue Larribau 64018 Pau Cedex France 2 Total E&amp;P UK plc - Geoscience Research Centre Based on the production from fields consisting of turbidite deposits it is evident that fluid flow behaviour is more complex than anticipated. The cause is linked to the fine-scale sedimentary heterogeneities which complicate the reservoir characteristics especially in turbiditic channel complexes having a laterally offset
Handwriting Remediation: A Comparison of Computer-Based and Traditional Approaches (1993)

Abstract This study compared the effectiveness of computer-based handwriting exercises (Lally & Macleod, 1982) with traditional instruction in the remediation of handwriting difficulties. Thirty-six students in Grades 4 to 6 with poor handwriting received one of three different instructional methods. In Method 1, students performed computer-based handwriting exercises using the Apple Graphics Tablet, an electronic pen, and the computer monitor to track visible and invisible letters. In Method 2, conventional instruction was provided using pencil, paper, plastic overlays, and felt pens to copy and trace letter forms. In Method 3, conventional instruction using tracing and copying was provided through the computer using the Touch Window and a stylus pen. Several measures were used to assess improvement in performance. The results indicated that the traditional group using pen and paper demonstrated significant improvements from pretest to posttest on five measures, and the computer groups on two measures. The findings suggest that traditional instruction using pen and paper is the more effective treatment method.
Algorithms for parallel machine scheduling: a case study of the tracking and data relay satellite system (2003)

Abstract This paper presents two algorithms for scheduling a set of jobs with multiple priorities on non-homogeneous, parallel machines. The application of interest involves the tracking and data relay satellite system run by the US National Aeronautics and Space Administration. This system acts as a relay platform for Earth-orbiting vehicles that wish to communicate periodically with ground stations. The problem is introduced and then compared to other more common scheduling and routing problems. Next, a mixed-integer linear programming formulation is given but was found to be too difficult to solve for instances of realistic size. This led to the development of a dynamic programming-like heuristic and a greedy randomized adaptive search procedure. Each is described in some detail and then compared using data from a typical busy day scenario.