gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Biosecurity: Reducing the burden of disease (2023)

Abstract The challenges and problems of managing good biosecurity are wide‐ranging and multifactorial with many compounding factors to pre‐dispose farmed stocks to an increased risk of infection with consequential stock losses. Many challenges are anthropogenic in origin and may be the result of the physical location (site) and/or the poor design of the production facility (i.e., water re‐use; lack of zoning based on biosecurity risk, etc.) as well as from inappropriate decisions and practices made once the site is in production (i.e., pushing the system for increased biomass production). There is a need for better regulation and health legislation across aquaculture—an industry that embraces the culture of &gt;500 species. In the absence of regulatory frameworks and culture guidelines, it is difficult for farmers to apply certain measures such as maximum stocking densities and maximum allowed biomass, conduct disease surveillance and regular health checks, and report diseases to relevant authorities for advice. In this review, we have identified several issues which are continuing to challenge the design and implementation of efficient and effective biosecurity strategies and protocols at all levels, requiring attention over the coming decade. They are, not in any order of priority: (a) healthy seed, (b) emergency preparedness and response, (c) diagnostics, (d) microbial management at the production level, (e) disease and pathogen surveillance, (f) trade in aquatic species, (g) policies and regulatory framework, (h) welfare, (i) research and technology development, (j) antimicrobial resistance, (k) non‐conventional ways of pathogen transfer, and (l) Progressive Management Pathway.
The effect of high mobility group box-1 protein in central nerve system on septic brain injury (2016)

Objective
To investigate changes in high mobility group box-1 protein (HMGB1) level in brain tissues with severe sepsis, and the relationship between HMGB1 and septic brain injury.


Methods
Forty wild C57BL/6 mice were randomly (random number) divided into 4 groups: sham group, sepsis group, cerebroventricular injection control group, and sepsis with BoxA (HMGB1 inhibitor) cerebroventricular injection group. Septic model was reproduced by cecal ligation and puncture, and the cerebroventricular catheterization model was established by motorized mice brain stereotaxic instruments. After septic challenge, 1 μg BoxA was injected into the ventricle of brain via cerebroventricular catheter immediately. Mice were sacrificed and brains were harvested at 24 h after sepsis, and hippocampus tissue was separated immediately. Expressions of brain HMGB1 and caspase-3 changed in apoptotic neurons and brain injury were determined by brain tissue immunofluorescence, Western blotting, TUNEL and HE staining respectively. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) for analyzing inter-group differences, student t test for comparing difference between two groups .


Results
(1) HMGB1 expression in hippocampus was significantly enhanced in the septic group compared to the sham group[(22.74±9.29) vs. 4.57±2.18, P<0.01]. (2) Compared to the sham group, neuronal apoptosis [(35±9.17) vs.(1.67±1.53), P<0.01) and caspase-3 expressions[(16.79±8.17) vs.( 3.39±2.09), P<0.05] were significantly increased in hippocampus with aggravated brain injury in the septic group. (3) Cerebroventricular injection of BoxA significantly inhibited HMGB1 in hippocampus[(2.66±2.06) vs.( 22.74±9.29), P<0.01]; (4) Cerebroventricular injection of BoxA obviously alleviated acute brain injury, and decreased neuronal apoptosis[(12±4.36)vs.(35±9.17), P<0.01]as well as caspase-3 activity [(4.10±2.11)vs.(16.80±8.17), P<0.05].


Conclusions
The elevated expression of brain HMGB1 is closely related to pathogenesis and development of septic brain injury, and treatment with antagonist towards brain HMGB1 can markedly attenuate acute brain injury following severe sepsis.


Key words: 
Sepsis; Brain injury; Hippocampus; High mobility group box-1 protein; Apoptosis; Ventricular; Caspase; Mice
Characterization of natural and recoil-induced vibration of an AR-15 rifle at the cheekbone-stock interface (2017)

Effects of sound pressure and shock on hearing loss have been widely studied. Studies involving direct assessment of sound pressure levels and influencing variables related to rifle discharge, especially with respect to standard military small arms have mostly focused on the effects of external pressure on hearing. Other studies have characterized physiological effects of external vibration on animals and humans. Shock phenomena and high-pressure waves have been linked to effects from gradual changes in tissue thickness to traumatic brain injury and other central nervous system maladies. Rifle shooters, including soldiers, law enforcement officers, and hunters, typically shoulder rifle-type firearms in a way that puts the buttstock in direct contact with the cheekbone, known as the “cheek weld.” This work experimentally characterizes the vibrations experienced by the shooter at the cheek/buttstock interface, and discusses expected physiological and acoustical effects as a result of conduction into the skull.
Number needed to treat and cost per responder of Janus kinase inhibitors approved for the treatment of moderate-to-severe rheumatoid arthritis in Japan (2022)

Upadacitinib 15 mg was associated with the lowest NNT and CPR among the three Janus kinase inhibitors used in treatment regimens for Japanese patients with moderate-to-severe RA inadequately responsive to csDMARD.
Printed resistor circuit board. (1987)

プリント配線板にプリント技術により形成された電子部品を施したプリント回路の実用例は少ない。本報告は, プリント配線板に回路設計に基づく抵抗を印刷したPRC (Printed Resistor Circuit Board) の諸特性, 問題点を紹介するものである。PRCは民生機器用に約20年前より大量に使用されてきたが, 最近の表面実装用部品と表面実装技術の進展によるコスト低下により, その競争力で低下する可能性もでてきた端境期にある製品と見ることもできるかもしれない。本報ではPRCを区分し, 高密度PRC, はんだ面PRCおよびクロスオーバ印刷ジャンパ線PRCについて報告する。
Preparation of Ag-TiO<sub>2</sub>@MnO<sub>2</sub> and Degradation of Toxic Organic Pollutants under Visible Light Irradiation (2013)

Ag-TiO2@MnO2 nanoparticles prepared by two-step hydrothermal method were characterized by X-ray diffraction spectroscopy (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Brunauer-Emmett- Teller (BET) and UV-Visible diffuse reflectance spectra (UV-Vis DRS). The degradation of rhodamine B (RhB) and 2, 4-dichlorophenol (2, 4-DCP) under visible light (λ≥420 nm) were used as probe reactions to investigate the photocatalytic activity of Ag-TiO2@MnO2. The results showed that the basic structure of Ag-TiO2@MnO2 was composed of TiO2 with anatase crystalline structure and α-MnO2 with cubic crysatalline structure. The optimal molar ratio nAg/nMn was 6%. Ag-TiO2@MnO2 had the highest photocatalytic activity in neutral medium because of composing and modifying of Ag. The decolorization rate of RhB reached 100% after 600 min and the mineralization rate of 2, 4-DCP was 47.0% after 30 hr. The oxidation process was dominated by the •OH generated in the system.
3D lidar imaging for detecting and understanding plant responses and canopy structure (2006)

Understanding and diagnosing plant responses to stress will benefit greatly from three-dimensional (3D) measurement and analysis of plant properties because plant responses are strongly related to their 3D structures. Light detection and ranging (lidar) has recently emerged as a powerful tool for direct 3D measurement of plant structure. Here the use of 3D lidar imaging to estimate plant properties such as canopy height, canopy structure, carbon stock, and species is demonstrated, and plant growth and shape responses are assessed by reviewing the development of lidar systems and their applications from the leaf level to canopy remote sensing. In addition, the recent creation of accurate 3D lidar images combined with natural colour, chlorophyll fluorescence, photochemical reflectance index, and leaf temperature images is demonstrated, thereby providing information on responses of pigments, photosynthesis, transpiration, stomatal opening, and shape to environmental stresses; these data can be integrated with 3D images of the plants using computer graphics techniques. Future lidar applications that provide more accurate dynamic estimation of various plant properties should improve our understanding of plant responses to stress and of interactions between plants and their environment. Moreover, combining 3D lidar with other passive and active imaging techniques will potentially improve the accuracy of airborne and satellite remote sensing, and make it possible to analyse 3D information on ecophysiological responses and levels of various substances in agricultural and ecological applications and in observations of the global biosphere.
Ultrathin Co3O4 Nanomeshes for the Oxygen Evolution Reaction (2018)

Ultrathin transition-metal-based nanomeshes can perfectly combine the advantages of two-dimensional (2D) ultrathin nanosheets and porous nanostructures, which have wide applications in energy storage and conversion. In this work, we present an etch-free one-step approach to directly synthesize the ultrathin Co3O4 nanomeshes (Co-UNMs) by employing a CoCl2/K3Co(CN)6 cyanogel as the reaction precursor. The 2D planar structural unit and solid properties of the cyanogel result in the preferential assembly of generated crystal nuclei at the solid–liquid interface (i.e., cyanogel–solution interface) in the 2D direction, which plays a key role in the formation of nanomeshes. The as-prepared Co-UNMs with 1.5 nm thickness and abundant pores have high surface area and numerous defect atoms, resulting in enhanced activity for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in alkaline media, such as a low overpotential of 307 mV at 10 mA cm–2, a small Tafel slope of 76 mV dec–1, and attractive durability in 1 M KOH electrolyte.
Function and regulation of Platelet-Derived Growth Factor Receptor Alpha during development (1999)

Platelet-Derived Growth Factor Receptor Alpha (PDGFR[alpha]) plays a vital role in the development of vertebrate embryos, since mice lacking this protein die at mid-gestation. The PDGFR[alpha] gene displays a complex time-and tissue-specific expression pattern during development, and participates in the development of many diverse tissues and organs. Among its many functions, PDGFR[alpha] is essential for the development of oligodendrocyte progenitors (OLPs), which originate from the ventral spinal cord in the central nervous system (CNS). To gain more insight into the transcriptional regulation of the PDGFR[alpha] gene, I analyzed the relative promoter activities of a 6 kb upstream fragment of the murine PDGFR[alpha] promoter and a 2.2 kb human PDGFR[alpha] promoter by transient transfection assay in CG4 cells, an OLP cell line. I also mapped the transcription start site of PDGFR[alpha] in OLPs by primer extension and nuclease-S1 protection assay. These results suggest that distant cis-acting regulatory elements are required for PDGFR[alpha] expression in OLPs. To study PDGFR[alpha] regulation, particularly in OLPs, I generated a transgenic mouse model by pronuclear injection of a 380 kb yeast artificial chromosome (YAC) containing the entire human PDGFR[alpha] gene and flanking sequences. The human PDGFR[alpha] transgene was faithfully expressed in OLPs in the spinal cord, which is not observed with conventional transgenes containing up to 6 kb of 5 flanking sequence, and also in many tissues outside of the CNS. There was also ectopic expression at sites that normally express c-kit and flk-1, which map close downstream of PDGFR[alpha]. Despite this, the YAC transgene rescued the profound craniofacial abnormalities and spina bifida in the PDGFR[alpha] null mutant mouse and prolonged survival until birth. In addition, PDGFR[alpha] null mice rescued with the YAC transgene died after birth from respiratory failure. Furthermore, I also investigated the role of transcription factor Pax6 in specification of OLPs and motor neurons (MNs) in the ventral spinal cord. I found that OLPs originated in the ventral-most part of the Pax6-positive ventricular zone, which at earlier times generated somatic (Isl2/Lim3-positive) MNs. In Pax6 mutant mice, the site of origin of OLPs was shifted dorsally and production of both OLPs and MNs was delayed by about a day. I suggest that OLPs and somatic MNs are derived from the same pool of precursors whose positional specification depends on Pax6. Neuron-glia fate switching might be a preprogrammed property of these precursors or a response to feedback from newly generated neurons. Oligodendrocytes developed normally in explants of Isll(-/-) spinal cords, which lack MNs, arguing against feedback control. I suggest that the neuron-glia switch is an intrinsic developmental program in a specific subset of neural precursors.
Acaso, poesia e arte computacional: Traduções híbridas a partir da Teogonia de Hesíodo (2016)

This short text briefly presents the “Visual Theogonies”, a piece of software developed in Ruby that create images which have no external index, i.e. are the result of pure random mathematical manipulation of a given set of data contained within the computer memory. These are a collection of images derived from chance and produced within a playful context. The term “Theogonie” is borrowed from a poem written by the Greek Hesiod in the late eighth century BC. The poem regards the birth of the Greek gods, and therefore the pictures carry the subtitle “images of the computational god”. In this case, however, the gods are transmuted by the will of computational algorithms governed by chance.
Spectrum Watching Implementation on Cognitive Radio (2011)

Modern wireless communication constantly faces RF band shortage especially in commercial applications while all useful bands are already licensed and occupied. Thus, the initiation of new wireless services is not possible because of the critical shortage of free bands. On the other hand, there are only small band potions (ISM band) left for free where the interference level is very high. That is why new technologies are utilized to use the frequency bands efficiently. Cognitive radio is one important and promising technique to reuse the licensed bands, which means that the usage permission of a certain frequency band must not make any harmful interference to the primary (licensed) user and this is accomplished by an accurate spectrum-watching device to decide whether a certain band is free or not. In this project, high-speed spectrum-watching hardware is implemented to be employed in cognitive-radio. However, spectrum-watching device is a generic hardware for different purposes but, the main application is to be used for cognitive radio. Thus the device input is customized to accept RF analog signal from a digital receiver module. The system architecture is designed and implemented in fully hierarchical manner, performing modular approach by allowing the end-user to work with functional blocks in form of daughter boards. In other words, sub-systems are prototyped as distinct modules which can be plugged in together in order to handle the spectrum-watching process. The whole system converts analog signals with maximum 8MHz to digital bit stream and transferring the information via a USB 2.0 connection to PC side for further analysis, which means that the input 8MHz baseband signal can be monitored by a PC. In this regard, RF down-converter module should be configured in a manner that to be compatible with designed spectrum-watching device by properly setting the internal local-oscillator and sweeping circuit. In sum, the thesis highlights the design challenges, system architecture and implementation procedure as well as prototypes’ functionality in order to produce knowledge which might be only maintained and protected by commercial manufacturers that produce high-speed ADCs and data acquisition blocks. In this regard, the project homepage at the following address represents all information as well as source codes and executable files, supporting the project: http://www.abbreza.com/en/spectrum.htm
Graphene oxide with covalently linked porphyrin antennae: Synthesis, characterization and photophysical properties (2010)

The successful covalent functionalization of graphene oxide (GO) with 5-(4-aminophenyl)-10,15,20-triphenyl-21,23H-porphyrin (H2P) has been reported. The resulting GO–H2P hybrid material forms stable dispersions in DMF and has been thoroughly characterized by spectroscopic (UV-vis, ATR-IR, Raman) and thermal (TGA) tools. Microscopy techniques (AFM and TEM) have been employed to probe the morphological characteristics as well as to investigate the exfoliation of graphene sheets. Steady-state and time-resolved fluorescence emission studies have shown efficient fluorescence quenching, suggesting that electron transfer occurs from the singlet excited state of the H2P moiety to the GO sheet. Photoexcitation resulted in the one-electron oxidation of the H2P with the simultaneous one-electron reduction of GO, yielding (GO)˙−–(H2P)˙+, as revealed by transient absorption measurements. The electrochemical redox potentials of the graphene–H2P material were studied by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and differential pulsed voltammetry (DPV) and the energy gap for the charge-separated state of (GO)˙−–(H2P)˙+ has been calculated as 0.87 eV, while, the negative free-energy change for the photoinduced charge-separation of GO–H2P has been evaluated to be −1.00 eV, which confirms the thermodynamically favorable formation of (GO)˙−–(H2P)˙+. Eventually, the GO–H2P hybrid material was deposited by electrophoretic deposition onto SnO2 electrodes, and the OTE/SnO2/GO–H2P electrode exhibited an incident photon-to-photocurrent-efficiency IPCE of 1.3% in a standard photoelectrochemical cell.
Phase II study of temozolomide and celecoxib in the treatment of metastatic melanoma (2006)

18015 Background: There is increasing evidence that the expression of Cyclo-oxygenase 2 correlates with development and progression of malignant melanoma. Celecoxib (C) has demonstrated some kind of activity in monotherapy in melanoma. Temozolomide (T) has consistent activity in melanoma, either as monotherapy or in combination. We designed a phase II study to determine the efficacy and toxicity of the combination of Celecoxib and Temozolomide in advanced melanoma as first line of therapy Methods: From January 2004 to October 2005, 13 patients with metastatic melanoma were enrolled in the study. There were 4 males and 9 females. The median age was 59 years. Patients received Temozolomide 200/mg/mq day po for 5 days every 4 weeks and Celecoxib 400 mg BID for 10 days every 4 weeks. Results: Among 12 evaluable patients there were 4 partial responses (30.8%), no complete response or disease stabilization. Progression occurred in 8 patients (61.5%). The median TTP was 3.14 months and the median survival was 9.06 months. The median number of cycles was 2, only 2 patients completed four cycles of treatment. Most commonly seen toxicities were nausea/vomiting (46%), fatigue (93%), thrombocytopenia (15.3%), leukopenia (7.6%). Two patients discontinued the treatment due to grade 4 thrombocytopenia. Conclusions: The combination of Temozolomide and Celecoxib is safe, manageable and provides clinical benefit, but its activity is not superior to standard therapy. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Intrastriatal excitotoxic lesion or dopamine depletion of the neostriatum differentially impairs response execution in extrapersonal space (2012)

Dysfunction of the neostriatum, a primary feature of several neurodegenerative disorders, including Parkinson's disease and Huntington's disease, has been found to result in impaired localisation of, and reaction to, contralateral stimuli. On the basis of previous findings, it is hypothesised that, with increasing eccentricity of the response option, striatal cell loss may impair response localisation at the furthest levels of eccentricity, whereas dopamine (DA) depletion may not impact adversely upon responses executed in this extrapersonal space. In order to elucidate more fully the function of the striatum, the present study examined the differential impact of unilateral DA depletion or excitoxic lesion on response execution in ipsilateral and contralateral space at up to four levels of eccentricity. The results confirmed that, after both types of striatal dysfunction, the sensory ability to detect stimuli remains intact, whereas the ability to direct responses in absolute contralateral space is impaired. Distinct differences in the profiles of impairment were, however, evident, with a marked increase in response omissions observed after DA depletion, which may reflect decreased motivational processing, and recovery of function observed in rats with excitotoxic lesions, which suggests the ability to re-learn. Furthermore, the data demonstrate that, after cell loss, responding in near contralateral space is controlled by competing striata, whereas responding in extrapersonal space relies on the contralateral hemisphere. These results have implications for understanding the role of the striatum in egocentrically defined response localisation, as well as for unravelling the behavioural impact of striatal cell loss or aberrant DA transmission observed in neurodegenerative diseases.
Resilience Dynamics of Urban Water Security and Potential for Tipping Points (2019)

Cities are the drivers of socio-economic innovation, and are also forced to address the accelerating risk of failure in providing essential services such as water supply today and in the future. Here, we investigate the resilience of urban water supply security, which is defined in terms of the services that citizens receive. The resilience of services is determined by the availability and robustness of critical system elements, or 'capitals' (water resources, infrastructure, finances, management efficacy and community adaptation). We translate quantitative information about this portfolio of capitals from seven contrasting cities on four continents into parameters of a coupled systems dynamics model. Water services are disrupted by recurring stochastic shocks, and we simulate the dynamics of impact and recovery cycles. Resilience emerges under various constraints, expressed in terms of each city's capital portfolio. Systematic assessment of the parameter space produces the urban water resilience landscape, and we determine the position of each city along a continuous gradient from water insecure and non-resilient to secure and resilient systems. In several cities stochastic disturbance regimes challenge steady-state conditions and drive system collapse. While water insecure and non-resilient cities risk being pushed into a poverty trap, cities which have developed excess capitals risk being trapped in rigidity and crossing a tipping point from high to low services and collapse. Where public services are insufficient, community adaptation improves water security and resilience to varying degrees. Our results highlight the need for resilience thinking in the governance of urban water systems under global change pressures.