gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
COPD: New developments and therapeutic opportunities (1998)

The deficiencies of current therapies and the potential benefits of novel approaches to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) were reviewed at a symposium organized at the National Heart and Lung Institute, London, U.K., July 7-8, 1999. Several speakers discussed different facets of the disease. The keynote lecture dealt with two major, but distinct themes: the utility of computerized tomographic scanning as both a quantitative and a qualitative tool and the recent observation that retinoic acid could produce new alveolar growth, emanating from ducts, in hamsters when it was administered after instillation of elastase. Regarding current therapeutic approaches, bronchodilators are the mainstay of existing therapy, while the use of mucolytics varies markedly between countries. The role of steroids in the treatment of COPD is confused. There is surprisingly little evidence of any clinical benefit from the use of antibiotics. Potential future therapies include M(3)-selective muscarinic antagonists, chemotactic mediators, protease inhibitors and antiinflammatory agents.
idMesh (2009)

We tackle the problem of disambiguating entities on the Web. We propose a user-driven scheme where graphs of entities -- represented by globally identifiable declarative artifacts -- self-organize in a dynamic and probabilistic manner. Our solution has the following two desirable properties: i) it lets end-users freely define associations between arbitrary entities and ii) it probabilistically infers entity relationships based on uncertain links using constraint-satisfaction mechanisms. We outline the interface between our scheme and the current data Web, and show how higher-layer applications can take advantage of our approach to enhance search and update of information relating to online entities. We describe a decentralized infrastructure supporting efficient and scalable entity disambiguation and demonstrate the practicability of our approach in a deployment over several hundreds of machines.
DXM-TransFuse U-net: Dual Cross-Modal Transformer Fusion U-net for Automated Nerve Identification (2022)

Accurate nerve identification is critical during surgical procedures for preventing any damages to nerve tissues. Nerve injuries can lead to long-term detrimental effects for patients as well as financial overburdens. In this study, we develop a deep-learning network framework using the U-Net architecture with a Transformer block based fusion module at the bottleneck to identify nerve tissues from a multi-modal optical imaging system. By leveraging and extracting the feature maps of each modality independently and using each modalities information for cross-modal interactions, we aim to provide a solution that would further increase the effectiveness of the imaging systems for enabling the noninvasive intraoperative nerve identification.
ChemInform Abstract: PREPARATION OF THE 2‐OXA‐3,6‐DIOXO‐9‐VINYL‐CIS‐DECALIN SKELETON, A PRECURSOR OF VERNOLEPIN (1978)

Abstract Aus dem Ethoxycyclohexenon (I) wird über mehrere Zwischenstufen das ö‐Lacton (II) hergestellt, das eine Vorstufe des Vernolepins (III) darstellt.
Synthesis of Urethane Derivatives by Reactions of a-Bromoacylophenones or Epichlorohydrin with Carbon Dioxide and Aliphatic Amines and Reactions of the Obtained Urethane Derivatives (1978)

Reactions of carbon dioxide with organic compounds have been extensively studied from a biochemical or biomimetic point of view and for the utilization of natural resources.We have .alsoinvestigated these types of reactions and wish to report
Secrecy Rate Maximization for MISO Multicasting SWIPT System with Power Splitting Scheme (2016)

This paper considers transmit covariance matrix design for secrecy rate maximization problem in a multiple-input single-output (MISO) multicasting simultaneous wireless information and power transfer (SWIPT) system. In order to enhance the performance of the system, artificial noise (AN) is added to the transmit signal in the design for the following purposes: to reduce the received signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) at the eavesdroppers and increase the harvested energy. We assume that all the channel-state-information (CSI) is perfectly known at the transmitter and all legitimate users are capable of simultaneously receiving information and harvesting energy. In addition, all the eavesdroppers are passive and they can harvest energy only when they are not intercepting or eavesdropping the messages intended for the legitimate users. The original secrecy rate maximization problem is not convex in terms of transmit and artificial covariance matrices as well as the power splitting (PS) ratio. In order to circumvent this non-convexity issue, we exploit the \emph{Charnes-Cooper} Transformation and semidefinite relaxation (SDR) to convert this original problem into a convex one. However, this convex problem does not always yield the rank-one transmit and AN covariance matrices to obtain the solution of the original problem. Therefore, we analyze the optimal conditions and utilize a Gaussian randomization (GR) method to construct the rank-one solutions from the non-rank one results. Simulation results have been provided to demonstrate the performance of the proposed transmit covariance matrices design for MISO multicasting SWIPT system.
Beneficial effect of intranasal desmopressin for men with benign prostatic hyperplasia and nocturia: preliminary results. (1999)

The aim of this study was to determine the efficacy of intranasal desmopressin in the treatment of nocturnal polyuria in men with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Twelve men with BPH were treated with intranasal desmopressin at bedtime for nocturnal polyuria. All patients underwent video-urodynamic evaluation. The number of nocturia episodes was the dependent variable. Exclusion criteria included nephrolithiasis, active urinary tact infection, and history of myocardial infarction, congestive heart failure, and angina. Ten of 12 patients improved with the intranasal desmopressin therapy. Nocturia episodes decreased from a median of 3.6 +/- 0.5 episodes/night before treatment to 1.8 +/- 1.1 episodes/night 3 months after therapy (p = .01). The American Urological Association symptom index decreased from 19 +/- 6 before treatment to 12 +/- 6 after therapy (p = .02). Hyponatremia did not occur. We conclude that intranasal desmopressin is a promising therapy for nocturnal polyuria in selected BPH patients.
Transgene silencing of the Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome mutation results in a reversible bone phenotype, whereas resveratrol treatment does not show overall beneficial effects (2015)

Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome (HGPS) is a rare premature aging disorder that is most commonly caused by a de novo point mutation in exon 11 of the LMNA gene, c.1824C>T, which results in an increased production of a truncated form of lamin A known as progerin. In this study, we used a mouse model to study the possibility of recovering from HGPS bone disease upon silencing of the HGPS mutation, and the potential benefits from treatment with resveratrol. We show that complete silencing of the transgenic expression of progerin normalized bone morphology and mineralization already after 7 weeks. The improvements included lower frequencies of rib fractures and callus formation, an increased number of osteocytes in remodeled bone, and normalized dentinogenesis. The beneficial effects from resveratrol treatment were less significant and to a large extent similar to mice treated with sucrose alone. However, the reversal of the dental phenotype of overgrown and laterally displaced lower incisors in HGPS mice could be attributed to resveratrol. Our results indicate that the HGPS bone defects were reversible upon suppressed transgenic expression and suggest that treatments targeting aberrant progerin splicing give hope to patients who are affected by HGPS.
Quantum nonadiabatic effects in the photodissociation of vibrationally excited CH3I (1991)

Photodissociation of vibrationally excited CH3I is studied using a time-dependent quantum mechanical formalism based on the fast Fourier transform (FFT) method. The dissociation dynamics is modeled with two active degrees of freedom, i.e., the dissociation coordinate and the C–H3 umbrella coordinate. The ground state vibrational wave functions are calculated using a time-dependent relaxation method proposed by Kosloff and Tal-Ezer. Two coupled excited states are explicitly considered in this model and the potential energy functions are taken from a previous study that was able to reproduce experiments for photodissociation of the CH3I ground state. We investigate the dissociation dynamics of the system after initial vibrational excitation, with particular attention paid to nonadiabatic transitions during the dissociation process. Our calculations show that vibrational excitation can significantly change the product I*/I branching ratio. In particular, it is found that there are significant dips in the I* yield at energies associated with minima in the absorption spectrum. These dips can be attributed to differences in Franck–Condon factors associated with the two excited state potential surfaces. Other observables of the dissociation process, such as the absorption spectrum and fragment vibrational state distributions, have also been investigated.
Cathodoluminescence Microcharacterization of Radiative Recombination Centers in Lifetime-Controlled Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistors (2010)

Cross-sectional cathodoluminescence (CL) measurements were applied to the study of electron-irradiated punch-through insulated gate bipolar transistors (IGBTs) to investigate the relationship between radiative recombination centers and electrical characteristics. IGBTs were additionally annealed at temperatures of 200–400 °C for 1 h. As annealing temperature rose, collector–emitter saturation voltage ( V CES ) decreased and current fall time ( t f ) increased. The cross-sectional CL measurements showed sharp luminescent peaks at 1018 meV ( W or I 1), 1040 meV ( X or I 3), and 790 meV ( C ) and a broad band at approximately 0.90–1.05 eV. As annealing temperature rose, the intensity of the W line decreased and that of the X line increased, suggesting that small self-interstitial clusters agglomerate and form stable, large self-interstitial clusters reducing the total number of self-interstitial clusters. The C line, which originated from an interstitial oxygen and carbon complex, showed no significant change. We consider that self-interstitial clusters play important roles in the electrical characteristics of lifetime-controlled IGBTs.
Molecular and electronic structures of the purple chromophore RC(NH2)(NSePh) (R = H, 4-CH3C6H4) (1995)

The reaction of Li[4-CH 3 C 6 H 4 C(NSiMe 3 ) 2 ] with PhECl (E = S, Se) in a 1:1 molar ratio produces the monosubstituted derivatives 4-CH 3 C 6 H 4 C(NEPh)[N(SiMe 3 ) 2 ] (3b, E = Se; 3d, E = S). The thermolysis of 3b at 130 °C produces PhSeN(SiMe 3 ) 2 and 4-CH 3 C 6 H 4 CN. Crystals of 3b slowly acquire a purple stain upon prolonged standing at 23 °C owing to the formation of 4-CH 3 C 6 H 4 C(NH 2 )(NSePh) (4c, λ max = 551 nm). The formamidine derivative HC(NH 2 )(NSePh) (4a, λ max = 472 nm) was isolated from the reaction of HCN 2 (SiMe 3 ) 3 with PhSeCl (1:3 molar ratio) in dichloromethane. The structure of 4a was shown by X-ray crystallography to involve a syn configuration at the [Formula: see text] bond and hydrogen bonding between amino nitrogen atoms. The crystals of 4a are monoclinic, space group P2 1 (No. 4), with a = 7.514(1), b = 5.575(1), c = 8.925(1) Å, β = 100.71(1)°, V = 367.40(6) Å 3 , and Z = 2. The final R and R w values were 0.055 and 0.060, respectively. The 1 H and 77 Se NMR spectra indicate that both 4a and 4c exist as a mixture of tautomers in THF solution. DFT calculations for the model tautomers HC(NH 2 )(NER) and HC(NH)(NHER) (E = S, Se; R = H, Ph) show that the former is more stable in all cases, but the difference in total bonding energy is smaller for selenium than for sulfur (17.5 vs. 29 kJ mol −1 ). The visible absorption band for 4a is assigned to the HOMO–LUMO transition (ΔE = 2.90 eV, λ max = 427 nm) of the minor tautomer. Keywords: formamidine, tautomer, selenium, purple chromophore.
Operations Automation Using NETSMART 1500 Element Manager (2009)

This paper will describe methods of automating operations processes such as network monitoring, service activation, and data collection using external interfaces available in the NETSMART 1500 Element Management System (EMS). It will describe the functions of each interface and describe the specific customer applications of these interfaces to automate manual processes. Observations regarding our experience with operations automation, particularly using standard interfaces, will be described. Finally, this paper will examine whether use of an element manager with standard or well-defined interfaces reduces the time and cost of introducing new network technologies and services.
Unloading Effect of a Rotary Blood Pump Assessed by Mathematical Modeling (2003)

Due to the increased appeal of rotary blood pumps for long-term cardiac assist, we conducted a study of their capacity to unload the left ventricle (LV). We used a validated mathematical model of the cardiovascular system and implemented the pump characteristics of an investigational microdiagonal pump (Medos). The influence of the pump on systemic hemodynamics, LV energetic parameters, and wall stress was evaluated in continuous and synchronous pulsatile modes of operation. For the continuous mode simulations, the influence of heart rate, LV contractility, and pump speed was assessed in a parametric study. For the pulsatile mode, different onsets of a synchronous time-varying pump speed pattern were tested. Our data indicate that the effectiveness of unloading in continuous mode depends on the contractility of the native ventricle. Hypocontractile ventricles are most easily unloaded, while ventricles with moderate contractility require high continuous pump speeds to achieve notable unloading. In pulsatile mode, the pump timing is an important determinant of pump/cardiovascular system interaction, with a counterpulsation setting yielding the best unloading.
Сравнение эпидурального обезболивания и блокады бедренного нерва методом параллельной контролируемой пациентом анальгезии после протезирования коленного сустава (2014)

В настоящее время остается открытым вопрос, имеет ли преимущества продленная блокада бедренного нерва перед эпи-дуральным обезболиванием при использовании метода контролируемой пациентом анальгезии (КПА). Авторами статьи было проведено рандомизированное плацебоконтролируемое исследование с целью сравнения эпидуральной анальгезии и продленной блокады бедренного нерва методом двойной параллельной контролируемой пациентом анальгезии после то-тального эндопротезирования коленного сустава. Результаты показали, что применение КПА при блокаде бедренного нерва не увеличивает потребление местного анестетика и количество нежелательных явлений в сравнении с эпидуральной аналь-гезией.
Link-based event detection in email communication networks (2009)

People's email communications can be modeled as graphs with vertices representing email accounts and edges representing email communications. Email communication data usually comes in as continuous data stream. Event detection aims to identify abnormal email communications that serve as analogs of real-world events imposed upon the data stream. The goal is to understand the communications behaviors of the subjects. The contents of emails are often not available or protected by privacy, which makes linkage information the only resource we can rely on. We propose a link-based event detection method that clusters vertices with similar communication patterns together and then, considers deviations from each vertex's individual profile, as well as its cluster profile. Experiments show that this method performs well on both Enron and our own email datasets.
Activation and Desensitization of Peripheral Muscle and Neuronal Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors by Selected, Naturally-Occurring Pyridine Alkaloids (2016)

Teratogenic alkaloids can cause developmental defects due to the inhibition of fetal movement that results from desensitization of fetal muscle-type nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs). We investigated the ability of two known teratogens, the piperidinyl-pyridine anabasine and its 1,2-dehydropiperidinyl analog anabaseine, to activate and desensitize peripheral nAChRs expressed in TE-671 and SH-SY5Y cells. Activation-concentration response curves for each alkaloid were obtained in the same multi-well plate. To measure rapid desensitization, cells were first exposed to five potentially-desensitizing concentrations of each alkaloid in log10 molar increments from 10 nM to 100 µM and then to a fixed concentration of acetylcholine (ACh), which alone produces near-maximal activation. The fifty percent desensitization concentration (DC50) was calculated from the alkaloid concentration-ACh response curve. Agonist fast desensitization potency was predicted by the agonist potency measured in the initial response. Anabaseine was a more potent desensitizer than anabasine. Relative to anabaseine, nicotine was more potent to autonomic nAChRs, but less potent to the fetal neuromuscular nAChRs. Our experiments have demonstrated that anabaseine is more effective at desensitizing fetal muscle-type nAChRs than anabasine or nicotine and, thus, it is predicted to be more teratogenic.
Retrotransposition‐Competent Human LINE‐1 Induces Apoptosis in Cancer Cells With Intact p53 (2004)

Retrotransposition of human LINE-1 (L1) element, a major representative non-LTR retrotransposon in the human genome, is known to be a source of insertional mutagenesis. However, nothing is known about effects of L1 retrotransposition on cell growth and differentiation. To investigate the potential for such biological effects and the impact that human L1 retrotransposition has upon cancer cell growth, we examined a panel of human L1 transformed cell lines following a complete retrotransposition process. The results demonstrated that transposition of L1 leads to the activation of the p53-mediated apoptotic pathway in human cancer cells that possess a wild-type p53. In addition, we found that inactivation of p53 in cells, where L1 was undergoing retrotransposition, inhibited the induction of apoptosis. This suggests an association between active retrotransposition and a competent p53 response in which induction of apoptosis is a major outcome. These data are consistent with a model in which human retrotransposition is sensed by the cell as a "genetic damaging event" and that massive retrotransposition triggers signaling pathways resulting in apoptosis.
Role of Spontaneous and Piezoelectric Polarization Induced Effects in Group-III Nitride Based Heterostructures and Devices (1999)

The wurzite group-III nitrides InN, GaN, and AlN are tetrahedrally coordinated direct band gap semiconductors having a hexagonal Bravais lattice with four atoms per unit cell. As a consequence of the noncentrosymmetry of the wurzite structure and the large ionicity factor of the covalent metal–nitrogen bond, a large spontaneous polarization oriented along the hexagonal c-axis is predicted. In addition, group-III nitrides are highly piezoelectric. The strain induced piezoelectric as well as the spontaneous polarizations are expected to be present and to govern the optical and electrical properties of GaN based heterostructures to a certain extent, due to the huge polarization constants which are one of the most fascinating aspects of the nitrides. In this paper we will present theoretical and experimental results demonstrating how polarization induced electric fields and bound interface charges in AlGaN/GaN, InGaN/GaN and AlInN/GaN heterostructures lead to the formation of two-dimensional carrier gases suitable for the fabrication of high power microwave frequency transistors.
Hybrid deformable models for three-dimensional biomedical image segmentation (2002)

The authors apply hybrid deformable models to the task of automatically partitioning a medical image into visually sensible and medically plausible regions. In so doing, the authors exploit one to the fundamental strengths of deformable models; their ability to produce smooth closed object boundaries. Deformable modeling techniques can be broadly classified into two categories; boundary-based deformable models and region-based deformable models. Both of these approaches have distinct advantages and disadvantages. Here, the authors describe a hybrid deformable modeling technique which combines the advantages of both approaches and avoids many of their disadvantages. This is accomplished by first minimizing a region-based functional to obtain initial edge strength estimates. Smooth closed object boundaries are then obtained by minimizing a boundary-based functional which is attracted to the initial edge locations. The authors also discuss the theoretical advantages of this hybrid approach over existing image segmentation methods, and show how this technique can be effectively implemented and used for the segmentation of three-dimensional biomedical images. In particular, the authors demonstrate the use of this hybrid technique in identifying body outlines and lung regions in SPECT images.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Retinal architecture and mfERG (2014)

Further characterization of ONHC abnormalities (those that are reversible and irreversible) may contribute to the development of novel neurotherapeutic strategies aimed at achieving neuroprotective, and perhaps even neurorestorative, effects in disorders that target the CNS in general, and MS in particular.
Accurate depth-color scene modeling for 3D contents generation with low cost depth cameras (2012)

In this paper, we present a depth-color scene modeling strategy for indoors 3D contents generation. It combines depth and visual information provided by a low-cost active depth camera to improve the accuracy of the acquired depth maps considering the different dynamic nature of the scene elements. Accurate depth and color models of the scene background are iteratively built, and used to detect moving elements in the scene. The acquired depth data is continuously processed with an innovative joint-bilateral filter that efficiently combines depth and visual information thanks to the analysis of an edge-uncertainty map and the detected foreground regions. The main advantages of the proposed approach are: removing depth maps spatial noise and temporal random fluctuations; refining depth data at object boundaries, generating iteratively a robust depth and color background model and an accurate moving object silhouette.