gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Forage Nutritive Value in an Emulated Silvopasture (2006)

Incorporating trees into pastures may alter forage nutritive value. The objective of this study was to determine nutritive value in response to trees and slope position in an emulated (no animals) silvopasture. In 1995, black walnut ( Juglans nigra L.) and honey locust ( Gleditsia triacanthos L.) trees were planted within three block plots of predominantly tall fescue ( Lolium arundinaceum (Schreb.) Darbysh.) pasture. Soils on the site, (Unison and Braddock) are fine, mixed mesic Typic Hapludults, well drained, with moderately steep slopes (10–25%). Trees were planted down slopes in rows to create low‐, medium‐, and high‐tree densities at shoulder‐, mid‐, and toe‐slope positions. Forage from sampling sites ( n = 54) under field treatment combinations was harvested May, June, and July in 2002 and 2003. Concentrations of neutral and acid detergent fiber (NDF, ADF), acid detergent lignin (ADL), crude protein (CP), total nonstructural carbohydrate (TNC) and Ca, P, Mg, and K were determined. Few differences due to treatment were observed for NDF and ADF concentrations. Concentrations of TNC decreased with greater tree density and appeared to follow tree leaf growth. Crude protein concentrations were typically greater under honey locust trees. Forage mineral concentrations frequently were greater with increased tree density. Trees appear to have both positive and negative effects on forage nutritive value, and their effects on animal performance warrants further research.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Substituted Piperidines, Indolizidines, Quinolizidines, and Pyrrolizidines via a Cycloaddition Strategy Using Acetylenic Sulfones as Alkene Dipole Equivalents. (1999)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Smooth Muscle Endothelin B Receptors Regulate Blood Pressure but Not Vascular Function or Neointimal Remodeling (2016)

The role of smooth muscle endothelin<sub>B</sub> (ET<sub>B</sub>) receptors in regulating vascular function, blood pressure (BP), and neointimal remodeling has not been established. Selective knockout mice were generated to address the hypothesis that loss of smooth muscle ET<sub>B</sub> receptors would reduce BP, alter vascular contractility, and inhibit neointimal remodeling. ET<sub>B</sub> receptors were selectively deleted from smooth muscle by crossing floxed ET<sub>B</sub> mice with those expressing cre-recombinase controlled by the transgelin promoter. Functional consequences of ET<sub>B</sub> deletion were assessed using myography. BP was measured by telemetry, and neointimal lesion formation induced by femoral artery injury. Lesion size and composition (day 28) were analyzed using optical projection tomography, histology, and immunohistochemistry. Selective deletion of ET<sub>B</sub> was confirmed by genotyping, autoradiography, polymerase chain reaction, and immunohistochemistry. ET<sub>B</sub>-mediated contraction was reduced in trachea, but abolished from mesenteric veins, of knockout mice. Induction of ET<sub>B</sub>-mediated contraction in mesenteric arteries was also abolished in these mice. Femoral artery function was unaltered, and baseline BP modestly elevated in smooth muscle ET<sub>B</sub> knockout compared with controls (+4.2±0.2 mm Hg; P<0.0001), but salt-induced and ET<sub>B</sub> blockade-mediated hypertension were unaltered. Circulating endothelin-1 was not altered in knockout mice. ET<sub>B</sub>-mediated contraction was not induced in femoral arteries by incubation in culture medium or lesion formation, and lesion size was not altered in smooth muscle ET<sub>B</sub> knockout mice. In the absence of other pathology, ET<sub>B</sub> receptors in vascular smooth muscle make a small but significant contribution to ET<sub>B</sub>-dependent regulation of BP. These ET<sub>B</sub> receptors have no effect on vascular contraction or neointimal remodeling.
Potent and Selective Nonpeptide Inhibitors of Caspases 3 and 7 Inhibit Apoptosis and Maintain Cell Functionality (2000)

Caspases have been strongly implicated to play an essential role in apoptosis. A critical question regarding the role(s) of these proteases is whether selective inhibition of an effector caspase(s) will prevent cell death. We have identified potent and selective non-peptide inhibitors of the effector caspases 3 and 7. The inhibition of apoptosis and maintenance of cell functionality with a caspase 3/7-selective inhibitor is demonstrated for the first time, and suggests that targeting these two caspases alone is sufficient for blocking apoptosis. Furthermore, an x-ray co-crystal structure of the complex between recombinant human caspase 3 and an isatin sulfonamide inhibitor has been solved to 2.8-A resolution. In contrast to previously reported peptide-based caspase inhibitors, the isatin sulfonamides derive their selectivity for caspases 3 and 7 by interacting primarily with the S(2) subsite, and do not bind in the caspase primary aspartic acid binding pocket (S(1)). These inhibitors blocked apoptosis in murine bone marrow neutrophils and human chondrocytes. Furthermore, in camptothecin-induced chondrocyte apoptosis, cell functionality as measured by type II collagen promoter activity is maintained, an activity considered essential for cartilage homeostasis. These data suggest that inhibiting chondrocyte cell death with a caspase 3/7-selective inhibitor may provide a novel therapeutic approach for the prevention and treatment of osteoarthritis, or other disease states characterized by excessive apoptosis.
Effects of strontium ions on end‐plate channel properties. (1980)

1. Changes in end-plate channel properties resulting from substitution of Sr2+ for Ca2+ in the Ringer solution have been analysed at the voltage clamped frog end-plate, by recording m.e.p.c.s and ACh induced noise variance. 2. In 2 mM-Sr2+--Ringer the peak size of m.e.p.c.s showed a very small increase, and the time constant of the decay phase (tau m.e.p.c.), at any given voltage, was increased by a factor of about two compared to control Ringer. The voltage dependence of tau m.e.p.c. was the same in both solutions. 3. Addition of increasing amounts of CaCl2 to 2 mM-Sr2+--Ringer produced a progressive shortening of tau m.e.p.c., with no change in voltage dependence. 4. Estimates of single channel properties from noise analysis showed that the elementary conductance appeared to be slightly increased in 2 mM-Sr2+--Ringer, whilst the mean channel life-time was prolonged by a factor of about two. These changes in single channel properties are sufficient to account for the observed changes in m.e.p.c.s. 5. Following inhibition of cholinesterase activity by neostigmine, similar effects on m.e.p.c.s and single channel properties were still observed on changing to 2 mM-Sr2+--Ringer. The shapes of m.e.p.c.s in Sr2+ + neostigmine Ringer were often altered, and showed flat 'plateaus'. 6. The observed effects of Sr2+--Ringer on channel life-time cannot be explained on the basis of changes in surface charge density on the membrane, and suggest that divalent cations have an additional, and more direct, influence on receptor channel properties.
Revalorization of the Cooking Water (Aquafaba) from Soybean Varieties Generated as a By-Product of Food Manufacturing in Korea (2021)

Concerns regarding sustainability have prompted the search of value in the by-products of food manufacturing. Such is the case of the cooking water (CW) of chickpeas, which has shown its potential as a vegan egg white replacement. This study aimed to characterize and compare the CW from three novel legumes (black soybeans, BSB; yellow soybeans, YSB; and small black beans, SBB) obtained from the processing of Korean soybean foods, and the widely used CW from chickpeas (CH), with regard to total polyphenol, total carbohydrate, and protein contents, and further compare their foaming and emulsifying abilities and stabilities. Compositional analysis revealed that all the studied legumes possessed higher values than CH for all parameters. Furthermore, the CW from these legumes exhibited enhanced functional properties, particularly foaming capacity and stability. Taken together, our results suggest that the CW from BSB, YSB, and SBB, sourced from the manufacturing of legume food products, has the potential of being revalorized as a plant-based functional ingredient for vegan product development.
Au137(SR)56nanomolecules: composition, optical spectroscopy, electrochemistry and electrocatalytic reduction of CO2 (2014)

Au137(SR)56, a nanomolecule with a precise number of metal atoms and ligands, was synthesized. The composition was confirmed by MALDI and ESI mass spectrometry using three unique ligands (–SCH2CH2Ph, –SC6H13, and –SC4H9) and nano-alloys with Ag and Pd. The electrocatalytic properties were tested for CO2 reduction.
Phase Behavior and Mechanical Properties of TripaImitin/Butterfat Mixtures (1994)

ABSTRACT The functionality of butterfat can be improved by fractionation, a process that can be considered as enrichment of butterfat with long‐chain saturated fatty acids. Model hard fractions were produced by adding tripalmitin to butterfat, in ratios from 0.9:0.1 through 0.1:0.9. The model system had very similar thermal behavior and mechanical properties to true fractions. The phase behavior of tripalmitin/butterfat mixtures was determined. Such butterfat fractions have potential as a moisture barrier in edible films and coatings. Tripalmitin‐enriched butterfat is an alternative to hard butterfat fractions in some applications.
FACTS controllers and the deregulated electric utility environment (2002)

The push towards deregulation in the electric utility industry is forcing a revaluation of the way transmission systems are operated. Reliance on the natural flow of current cannot meet the new requirements imposed by deregulation. One method to dictate the power flows is the increased reliance of Flexible AC Transmission Systems (FACTS). This paper presents some of the new directions being investigated to adapt and exploit the potential of power electronic converters to increase the flexibility and reliability of modern power systems.
Impacts of a Sub-Slab Aggregate Layer and a Sub-Aggregate Membrane on Radon Entry Rate: A Numerical Study (1993)

A subslab aggregate layer can increase the radon entry rate into a building by up to a factor of 5. We use a previously tested numerical technique to investigate and confirm this phenomenon. Then we demonstrate that a sub-aggregate membrane has the potential to significantly reduce the increase in radon entry rate due to the aggregate layer, even when a gap exists between the perimeter of the membrane and the footer. Such membranes greatly reduce diffusion of radon from the soil into the aggregate and are impermeable to flow. Radon entry through the basement floor slab is limited to radon entry through the holes in the membrane. In addition, a sub-aggregate membrane is predicted to improve the performance of active sub-slab ventilation systems and makes passive systems more promising.
Integral Sliding Mode Control for Nonlinear Systems With Matched and Unmatched Perturbations (2011)

We consider the problem of designing an integral sliding mode controller to reduce the disturbance terms that act on nonlinear systems with state-dependent drift and input matrix. The general case of both, matched and unmatched disturbances affecting the system is addressed. It is proved that the definition of a suitable sliding manifold and the generation of sliding modes upon it guarantees the minimization of the effect of the disturbance terms, which takes place when the matched disturbances are completely rejected and the unmatched ones are not amplified. A simulation of the proposed technique, applied to a dynamically feedback linearized unicycle, illustrates its effectiveness, even in presence of nonholonomic constraints.
U.S. Technological Competitiveness: A Fluids Engineers’ Viewpoint (1992)

Technical Forum U.S. Technological Competitiveness: A Fluids Engineers’ Viewpoint Jules L. Dussourd Jules L. Dussourd Fluids Engineering Associates, Princeton, N.J. 08540 Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Author and Article Information Jules L. Dussourd Fluids Engineering Associates, Princeton, N.J. 08540 J. Fluids Eng. Dec 1992, 114(4): 485-486 (2 pages) https://doi.org/10.1115/1.2910058 Published Online: December 1, 1992 Article history Online: May 23, 2008
Backstepping-based landing control of a RUAV using tether incorporating flapping correction dynamics (2008)

This paper presents a novel application of back- stepping controller for landing of a Rotary wing UAV (RUAV) using a tether. This algorithm is an extension of a backstepping algorithm for general rigid bodies. In this paper, we will also present the detailed analysis of flapping correction dynamics by considering the practicality involved in the system. The performance of the proposed algorithm is demonstrated by simulation results. Future work is needed to implement the algorithm onboard RUAV platforms.
Two Decades of Increasing Mortality From Parkinson's Disease Among the US Elderly (1990)

To examine the possible role of environmental factors in the cause of Parkinson's disease (PD), we reviewed mortality trends for PD in the United States from 1962 through 1984. We found that age-specific mortality for PD in all demographic groups had changed notably during this 23-year interval. Among whites of both sexes, substantial declines were observed among the middle-aged, while notable increases were seen in the geriatric age groups. Similar changes were found in nonwhites; among nonwhites in the geriatric age range, increases of 22% to 553% were observed among women. Men generally had a 100% higher risk of death due to PD than did women. Whites were at three times the risk of nonwhites. The observed temporal changes appear to reflect improved treatment, better case ascertainment, and a true rise in the incidence of PD, particularly among the elderly. This rise may be due to preventable environmental causes and will require further investigation.
The Effectiveness of 0.5% Atropine in Controlling High Myopia in Children (1997)

Twenty highly myopic children (> or = -6.0 D) were treated with 0.5% atropine eyedrops once per night. Twelve subjects were initially treated with a short-acting cycloplegic agent, tropicamide (0.5%) (Group A), and the other eight subjects did not receive any myopic therapy before atropine (Group B). These cases were followed for up to five years. In Group A, the mean myopic progression rate after 0.5% atropine treatment was -0.01 +/- 0.04 D/M (Diopter/Month), which was significantly lower than that of the period during tropicamide treatment (-0.12 +/- 0.09 D/M) (p < 0.05). In Group B, the mean myopic progression rate after atropine therapy was begun was -0.04 +/- 0.06 D/M, which was also significantly slower than that of non-medication, -0.14 +/- 0.07 D/M (p < 0.05). The results suggested that 0.5% atropine is effective for slowing down myopic progression, even in highly myopic children.
First high thermally stable organo–inorganic 3D polymer scandium derivative as a heterogeneous Lewis acid catalyst (2003)

Sc2(OOCC2H4COO)2.5(OH), a new hybrid organic-inorganic polymer, has been hydrothermally obtained; the crystal structure of this material has been established by single crystal X-ray diffraction; having high thermal stability it can be used as an effective Lewis acid catalyst and can be easily recycled and reused without any appreciable loss in activity.
Long Short-Term Memory Neural Network-Based Attack Detection Model for In-Vehicle Network Security (2020)

In this letter, we create two types of attacks to investigate in-vehicle network security: replay attack and amplitude-shift attack. We use these two attacks to create attack datasets from two attack-free in-vehicle controller area network bus datasets (dataset-I and dataset-II), which represent a collection of correlated time series data. We develop a long short-term memory (LSTM) neural-network-based model for detecting replay attack and amplitude-shift attack. For attacks on the dataset-I, the LSTM detection model achieves accuracy of 87.8% and 87.9%, and area under the precision-recall curve (AUPRC) of 0.63 and 0.88, for replay attack and amplitude-shift attack, respectively. For attacks on the dataset-II, the LSTM detection model achieves accuracy of 83.7% and 83.8%, and AUPRC of 0.53 and 0.75, for replay attack and amplitude-shift attack, respectively. Overall, the LSTM detection model shows improvement in accuracy, precision, recall, and AUPRC over the baseline detection models considered in this letter.
Optimizing the clinical use of implantable defibrillators in patients with Brugada syndrome (2007)

Our review highlights the difficulties we face when treating patients with Brugada syndrome (BS) by an implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD). Higher defibrillation thresholds, high inappropriate shock rates because of sinus tachycardia and supraventricular tachycardias, T wave oversensing, and high lead failure rates should be expected. Psychosocial adjustment problems also occur frequently in this patient population. These high complications rates are because of specific characteristics of the BS patient population, consisting of young, active patients with a primary electrical disease. The management strategies include prevention and early recognition of the expected complications. Additionally, individualized careful programming of the ICD is essential to ensure maximal safety and minimal complication rates in patients with BS.
Bis{(2-diphenylphosphino)phenyl}mercury: a novel bidentate ligand and transfer reagent for the o-C6H4PPh2 group (1998)

The compound [Hg(o-C6H4PPh2)2] behaves as a trans-spanning bidentate ditertiary phosphine in its PdCl2 complex, the two metal atoms being forced into close contact; the palladium(0) complex [Pd{(o-Ph2PC6H4)2Hg}2] undergoes reductive elimination on heating with formation of the coupled product o-Ph2PC6H4C6H4PPh2-o.
Exploitation of the far-offshore wind energy resource by fleets of energy ships – Part 2: Updated ship design and cost of energy estimate (2021)

Abstract. This paper deals with a new concept for the conversion of far-offshore wind energy into sustainable fuel. It relies on autonomous sailing energy ships and manned support tankers. Energy ships are wind-propelled ships that generate electricity using water turbines attached underneath their hull. Since energy ships are not grid-connected, they include onboard power-to-X plants for storage of the produced energy. In the present work, the energy vector X is methanol. In the first part of this study (Babarit et al., 2020), an energy ship design has been proposed and its energy performance has been assessed. In this second part, the aim is to estimate the energy and economic performance of such system. In collaboration with ocean engineering, marine renewable energy and wind-assisted propulsion’s experts, the energy ship design of the first part has been revised and updated. Based on this new design, a complete FARWIND energy system is proposed, and its costs (CAPEX and OPEX) are estimated. Results of the models show (i) that this FARWIND system could produce approximately 70,000 tonnes of methanol per annum (approximately 400 GWh per annum of chemical energy) at a cost in the range 1.2 to 3.6 €/kg, (ii) that this cost may be comparable to that of methanol produced by offshore wind farms in the long term, and (iii) that FARWIND-produced methanol (and offshore wind farms-produced methanol) could compete with gasoline on the EU transportation fuel market in the long term.
Multiple Sclerosis: Perspectives in Treatment and Pathogenesis (2017)

Multiple sclerosis is a multifactorial and heterogeneous neurological &#13;\ndisease; hence, several experimental animal models had to be developed to mimic &#13;\nthe different features of human pathology. Three main classes of animal models &#13;\nhave been developed:experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), cupri-&#13;\nzone intoxication, and Theiler’s murine encephalomyelitis virus (TMEV) &#13;\ninfection. &#13;\nThe EAE model is the most versatile as it allows the reproduction of different &#13;\npatterns of multiple sclerosis; it is mostly relevant for relapsing-remitting multiple &#13;\nsclerosis and has allowed the development of several first-line, disease-modifying &#13;\ndrugs for the treatment of multiple sclerosis. The other two models are less flexi-&#13;\nble than the EAE model and, to date, have not led to the discovery of any clinically &#13;\nrelevant therapies. The cuprizone model mostly mimics the acute and chronic &#13;\ncourses of multiple sclerosis, and it may represent a useful tool to develop novel &#13;\ntherapies to protect oligodendrocytes and stimulate remyelination. Finally, the &#13;\nTMEV infection is the reference model to specifically study viral-mediated mecha-&#13;\nnisms of acute and primary progressive multiple sclerosis.
Untersuchungen zum vorkommen des endogenen wirkstoffs thiocyanat bei lumbriciden (Annelida) (1995)

Bei den untersuchten Lumbricidenarten Lumbricus terrestris (L.), Eisenia foetida (Sav.) und Allolobophora caliginosa (L.) wurde Thiocyanat (SCN−) in allen Kompartimenten in einem Konzentrationsbereich zwischen 0,13 und 1,3 mg SCN‐kg KM bzw.l gefunden. In Abhängigkeit vom alimentären Angebot waren vergleichsweise hohe Werte in den Ausscheidungen der Tiere nachweisbar. Damit kommt es durch die Lebenstätigkeit des Regenwurms zu einem ständigen SCN‐‐Eintrag in den Boden, was als eine für die Bodenfruchtbarkeit günstige Einflußgröße zu bewerten ist.
Introduction to logic design (2nd ed.) (1998)

Uncertainties in hydro-climatic projections are (in part) related to various components of the production chain. An ensemble of numerous projections is usually considered to characterize the overall uncertainty; however in practice a small set of scenario combinations are constructed to provide users with a subset that is manageable for decision-making. Since projections are unavoidably uncertain, and multiple projections are typically informationally redundant to a considerable extent, it would be helpful to identify an informationally representative subset in a large model ensemble. Here a framework rooted in the information theoretic Maximum Information Minimum Redundancy concept is proposed for identifying a representative subset from an available ensemble of hydro-climatic projections. We analyze an ensemble of 16 precipitation and temperature projections for Sweden, and use these as inputs to the HBV hydrological model to project river discharge until the mid of this century. Representative subsets are judged in terms of different statistical properties of three essential climate variables (precipitation, temperature and discharge), whilst we further assess the sensitivity of the optimized subset for different seasons and future periods. Our results indicate that a quarter to a third of the available set of projections can represent more than 80% of the total information of hydro-climatic changes. We find that the representative subsets are sensitive to the regional hydro-climatic characteristics and the choice of variables, seasons and periods of interest. Therefore we recommend that any selection process should not be solely driven by climatic variables but, rather, should also consider variables of the impact model.