gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Recent Advances in Ullmann Reaction: Copper(II) Diacetate Catalyzed N‐, O‐ and S‐Arylation Involving Polycoordinate Heteroatomic Derivatives (2003)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Changes on Gingival Tissue and Plaque Fluorescence During Induced Gingivitis (2019)

Objectives: Changes of the gingival tissue and the plaque fluorescence changes were assessed during a phase of induced gingivitis and a phase of hygiene. Methods: Thirty subjects were recruited and divided into 2 groups: Healthy with a Modified Gingival Index (MGI) of 2 and &gt; 4 bleeding sites. Both groups had a washout of 14 days and then at baseline were asked to refrain from oral hygiene for 21 days. At day 21, subjects had a prophylaxis and were instructed to brush their teeth for the next two weeks. Subjects were monitored at days 0, 2, 7, 14, 21, 35 using full-mouth intraoral Scans (TRIOS® 3Shape, DK), red fluorescence (RF) images and clinical examinations including gingival (MGI) and plaque assessments (Turesky modification of Quigley Hein). Remote scoring of MGI on the scanned images was also conducted. Results: MGI, plaque and RF values increased during 21 days of plaque accumulation and returned to Baseline values after 2 weeks recovery. There were significant differences (p0.05) between groups for plaque assessments at any time point. There was a moderate correlation (rs=64, p
Analyzing expression and phosphorylation of the EGF receptor in HNSCC (2019)

Overexpression of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) in head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC) is considered to cause increased EGFR activity, which adds to tumorigenicity and therapy resistance. Since it is still unclear, whether EGFR expression is indeed associated with increased activity in HNSCC, we analyzed the relationship between EGFR expression and auto-phosphorylation as a surrogate marker for activity. We used a tissue micro array, fresh frozen HNSCC tumor and corresponding normal tissue samples and a large panel of HNSCC cell lines. While we observed substantial overexpression only in approximately 20% of HNSCC, we also observed strong discrepancies between EGFR protein expression and auto-phosphorylation in HNSCC cell lines as well as in tumor specimens using Western blot and SH2-profiling; for the majority of HNSCC EGFR expression therefore seems not to be correlated with EGFR auto-phosphorylation. Blocking of EGFR activity by cetuximab and erlotinib points to increased EGFR activity in samples with increased basal auto-phosphorylation. However, we could also identify cells with low basal phosphorylation but relevant EGFR activity. In summary, our data demonstrate that EGFR expression and activity are not well correlated. Therefore EGFR positivity is no reliable surrogate marker for EGFR activity, arguing the need for alternative biomarkers or functional predictive tests.
NOX (2008)

column NOX: towards an operating system for networks Authors: Natasha Gude Nicira Networks Nicira NetworksView Profile , Teemu Koponen HIIT HIITView Profile , Justin Pettit Nicira Networks Nicira NetworksView Profile , Ben Pfaff Nicira Networks Nicira NetworksView Profile , Martín Casado Nicira Networks Nicira NetworksView Profile , Nick McKeown Stanford University Stanford UniversityView Profile , Scott Shenker University of California, Berkeley, CA University of California, Berkeley, CAView Profile Authors Info & Claims ACM SIGCOMM Computer Communication ReviewVolume 38Issue 3July 2008 pp 105–110https://doi.org/10.1145/1384609.1384625Published:01 July 2008Publication History 1,121citation5,099DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations1,121Total Downloads5,099Last 12 Months246Last 6 weeks27 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteGet Access
Total synthesis of (+-)-.alpha.- and (+-)-.beta.-copaenes and ylangenes (1973)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTotal synthesis of (+-)-.alpha.- and (+-)-.beta.-copaenes and ylangenesE. J. Corey and David S. WattCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1973, 95, 7, 2303–2311Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1973Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1973https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00788a034https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00788a034research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2020Altmetric-Citations90LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Human and mouse granzyme M display divergent and species-specific substrate specificities (2011)

Cytotoxic lymphocyte protease GrM (granzyme M) is a potent inducer of tumour cell death and a key regulator of inflammation. Although hGrM (human GrM) and mGrM (mouse GrM) display extensive sequence homology, the substrate specificity of mGrM remains unknown. In the present study, we show that hGrM and mGrM have diverged during evolution. Positional scanning libraries of tetrapeptide substrates revealed that mGrM is preferred to cleave after a methionine residue, whereas hGrM clearly favours a leucine residue at the P1 position. The kinetic optimal non-prime subsites of both granzymes were also distinct. Gel-based and complementary positional proteomics showed that hGrM and mGrM have a partially overlapping set of natural substrates and a diverged prime and non-prime consensus cleavage motif with leucine and methionine residues being major P1 determinants. Consistent with positional scanning libraries of tetrapeptide substrates, P1 methionine was more frequently used by mGrM as compared with hGrM. Both hGrM and mGrM cleaved α-tubulin with similar kinetics. Strikingly, neither hGrM nor mGrM hydrolysed mouse NPM (nucleophosmin), whereas human NPM was hydrolysed efficiently by GrM from both species. Replacement of the putative P1'-P2' residues in mouse NPM with the corresponding residues of human NPM restored cleavage of mouse NPM by both granzymes. This further demonstrates the importance of prime sites as structural determinants for GrM substrate specificity. GrM from both species efficiently triggered apoptosis in human but not in mouse tumour cells. These results indicate that hGrM and mGrM not only exhibit divergent specificities but also trigger species-specific functions.
A new copper(I) coordination polymer from 2,6-bis(1H-benzotriazol-1-ylmethyl)pyridine: Synthesis, characterization, and use as additive in transparent submicron UV filters (2017)

The use of a new copper(I) coordination polymer (CP) as additive in transparent composite films of 190 nm of thickness for ultraviolet (UV) shielding is presented. The luminescent 1-D Cu(I) CP was easily synthesized through a self-assembly process between Cu(I) iodide and 2,6-bis(1H-benzotriazol-1-ylmethyl)pyridine (L). The CP, [Cu2(μ − I)2(μ − L)2]n, was structurally characterized by infrared, UV–visible diffuse reflectance and photoluminescence spectroscopy, elemental and thermogravimetric analyses, single-crystal and powder X-ray diffraction, and relativistic density functional theory calculations. The CP was dispersed and immobilized into a polymeric matrix in the presence of Sudan I, yielding a composite material that exhibits a reduction of 49% of the UV transmittance at 350 nm. Thus, the use of a new Cu(I) CP in polymeric composite films appears as a novel approach toward ultrathin and transparent UV shielding films, which have potential applications as protection layers of paints and coatings that tend to degrade when exposed to UV radiation.
Provably Robust Deep Learning via Adversarially Trained Smoothed Classifiers (2019)

Recent works have shown the effectiveness of randomized smoothing as a scalable technique for building neural network-based classifiers that are provably robust to $\ell_2$-norm adversarial perturbations. In this paper, we employ adversarial training to improve the performance of randomized smoothing. We design an adapted attack for smoothed classifiers, and we show how this attack can be used in an adversarial training setting to boost the provable robustness of smoothed classifiers. We demonstrate through extensive experimentation that our method consistently outperforms all existing provably $\ell_2$-robust classifiers by a significant margin on ImageNet and CIFAR-10, establishing the state-of-the-art for provable $\ell_2$-defenses. Moreover, we find that pre-training and semi-supervised learning boost adversarially trained smoothed classifiers even further. Our code and trained models are available at http://github.com/Hadisalman/smoothing-adversarial .
ROC methods for evaluation of fMRI techniques (1996)

Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) methods provide a standardized and statistically meaningful means for comparing signal-detection accuracy. A brief overview of ROC methods is presented. Example applications include a comparison of four different postprocessing algorithms operating on simulated fMRI time-course data sets and on human null data sets to which a simulated fMR response had been added. ROC methods also were used to reanalyze one data set from a previously published work. Additional ROC methods that also may be useful for fMRI comparisons are described.
Extraction of Rare Earth Metal Ions with an Undiluted Hydrophobic Pseudoprotic Ionic Liquid (2020)

Recovering and concentrating rare earth metals (Nd and Dy) from waste permanent magnets rather than discarding them into the environment without pretreatment is critical for metal recycling and environmental responsibility. In this work, we used an undiluted hydrophobic pseudoprotic ionic liquid composed of trioctylamine and decanoic acid as an extractant to separate rare earth metals from aqueous media with a solvent extraction technique. This ionic liquid proved to be excellent with low viscosity and extractability reaching 100% for Nd and Dy in the presence of salts like sodium chloride and sodium nitrate. In acidic media, extractability decreased with increasing acid concentrations. Under all our experimental conditions, the rare earth metals (Nd and Dy) were found to be preferentially extracted compared to nickel with the distribution ratios of Dy higher than those of Nd.
Cross validating ocean prediction and monitoring systems (2005)

With the ongoing development of ocean circulation models and real‐time observing systems, routine estimation of the synoptic state of the ocean is becoming feasible for practical and scientific purposes. The models can assist in ocean monitoring and regional dynamics studies, but only after they have been validated. For the first time, beginning 1 November 2004, independent ocean model estimates of the Florida Current (FC) volume transport are available, in real time, for cross validation with observed transport variations forced by cold front passages, tropical cyclones, and other weather systems. The FC flows poleward through the Straits of Florida and ultimately becomes the Gulf Stream. The FC originates from both the large‐scale, wind‐driven circulation of the North Atlantic subtropical gyre and the trans‐equatorial Atlantic thermohaline overturning circulation (i.e., the “global conveyor belt”). The FC is constrained by Florida to the north and/or west and by Cuba and the Bahamas to the south and east, respectively (Figure 1).
Forward error control in passive optical network (2005)

BCH codes are proposed for use in PON systems to mitigate the effect of MPN and relax the requirements on laser sources. Different BCH codes are examined and their performances are discussed.
Suboptimal Sensor Subset Evaluation In A P300 Brain-Computer Interface (2010)

Publication in the conference proceedings of EUSIPCO, Aalborg, Denmark, 2010
Frontispiece: Photochemically Driven Reverse Water‐Gas Shift at Ambient Conditions mediated by a Nickel Pincer Complex (2018)

Hydrogenation. S. Schneider and co-workers report in their Communication on page 14482 ff. a reverse water-gas-shift reaction that is mediated by a molecular nickel hydride. This photodriven reaction proceeds under ambient conditions.
Modulation of Fc-receptor expression and Fc-mediated phagocytosis in variants of a macrophage-like cell line. (1981)

Abstract Variants with altered Fc-receptor mediated phagocytosis, some of which are corrected by the addition of cAMP, were isolated from the macrophage-like cell line, J774.2. Monoclonal mouse lgG2a and lgG2b were used to determine the Fc-receptor specificity of the defects. Most variants analyzed were defective in lgG2a-mediated phagocytosis. One variant had a general Fc-mediated phagocytosis defect. Variants selected in the presence of cAMP had different characteristics; one was unresponsive to stimulation of lgG2a- and lgG2b-mediated phagocytosis by cAMP; two showed selective defects in sensitivity of lgG2a phagocytosis to cAMP. A monomeric [125l] lgG2a binding assay was used to assess Fc-receptor expression. One variant that bound opsonized SRBC normally was selectively deficient in the binding of [125l] lgG2a. Scatchard analysis of the binding data showed that this variant expressed fewer than half the high affinity receptors of the parental line, but that the affinity of the receptors for lgG2a remained unchanged (Ka ~ 6 × 106 M−1). Another of the nonphagocytic variants had no apparent defect in its Fc-receptors. Upon exposure to cAMP all lines analyzed, even a variant cell line whose phagocytosis was not correctable by cAMP, showed an increase in Fc-receptor expression. The results indicate that a) distinct classes of variants in the phagocytosis pathway can be isolated; b) lgG2a and lgG2b phagocytosis are separable at a point distal to Fc-receptor binding; c) there are steps subsequent to Fc-receptor binding that are limiting for phagocytosis and sensitive to cAMP; and d) cAMP affects Fc-receptor expression.
Effect of Hydrogen and Oxygen Evolution Cocatalysts on Photocatalytic Activity of GaN:ZnO (2013)

Abstract The coloading effect of H 2 and O 2 evolution cocatalysts on the overall water splitting reaction was investigated using a solid solution of GaN and ZnO (hereafter termed GaN:ZnO) as a photocatalyst. GaN:ZnO was modified with nanoparticulate Mn 3 O 4 , RuO 2 , and IrO 2 as O 2 evolution cocatalysts and with core/shell‐type Rh/Cr 2 O 3 composites as H 2 evolution cocatalysts. The photocatalytic activity of the coloaded samples for overall water splitting was higher than that of the samples modified with either of the O 2 or H 2 evolution cocatalysts alone. The activity enhancement induced by coloading was comparable for the three O 2 evolution cocatalysts investigated at the optimized loading amounts. Loading of a more efficient Rh/Cr 2 O 3 cocatalyst prepared by adsorption of Rh nanoparticles further improved the photocatalytic activity. It was concluded that a simultaneous improvement in both oxidation and reduction reactions was effective at enhancing the photocatalytic activity of GaN:ZnO, whereas the reduction reactions limited the overall reaction rate of the coloaded system more significantly.
Novel Vehicle Motion Model considering Driver Behavior for Trajectory Prediction and Driving Risk Detection (2014)

Accurate prediction of vehicle motion status is critical for developing an advanced driver assistance system (ADAS), which can assess driving safety and detect dangerous scenarios in real time and in the near future. Although previous vehicle motion prediction models developed were mostly built on the basis of kinematic principles, driver behavior was largely ignored. Those models resulted in inaccurate trajectory predictions. To improve forecasting accuracy, the study reported here developed an improved vehicle motion model that includes consideration of both kinematic principles and real-time driver behavior. This improved vehicle motion model incorporates driver behavior into a constant acceleration (CA) model. Data on practical driver behavior, such as perception, identification, volition, and execution under traffic conditions and lane changes were collected. A quantitative approach based on a linear quadratic regulator optimal control method was used to acquire the driver's expected control input. In addition, a Kalman filter was applied to predict short-term vehicle motion, which was then used to analyze driving risks. Finally, CARSIM software was used to simulate driving scenarios. A Monte Carlo method was used to evaluate prediction accuracy and compare the results of the CA model and the improved vehicle motion model. The simulation results showed that the improved model can effectively simulate driver behavior in acceleration control by taking into full consideration the driver's volition and traffic environment. The proposed model yielded better predictions, provided an applicable way to improve the accuracy of vehicle motion prediction, and could be used to enhance the performance of ADAS.
Tre bølger med covid-19 på et norsk lokalsykehus (2022)

Differences in patient characteristics and changes to treatment methods, such as the use of dexamethasone and non-invasive ventilation support, may have contributed to the apparent fall in mortality from the first to the third wave. Conditions that are not registered in the study, such as vaccination status, may also have impacted on mortality.
The influence of the electrode size on the electrical response of a potentiometric gas sensor to the action of oxygen (2002)

As a part of our research on new gas sensors, an original potentiometric gas sensor was developed. This gas sensor is made of a solid electrolyte (beta alumina) associated with two different metallic electrodes (gold and platinum) located in the same gas mixture. Tests performed under oxygen pressure show that the potential difference read between the electrodes depends on the experimental conditions, oxygen pressure, and temperature, but also on the electrodes surface area ratio. Then, we studied the electrical responses of devices composed of electrodes of the same nature (gold or platinum) but of different size. These electrode size influences are analyzed in terms of different capacitive effects occurring at the electrode-solid electrolyte interface. If we consider that the adsorption of oxygen species is responsible for the electrostatic potential, the proposed model is able to account for the experimental results. It is then possible to explain and to better understand the importance of the electrodes on the electrical response of such a device.
Primary cutaneous nocardiosis caused by Nocardia takedensis with pulmonary dissemination in an immunosuppressed patient (2016)

We present a remarkable case of primary cutaneous nocardiosis with pulmonary dissemination due to Nocardia takedensis in a 76-year-old man suffering from marginal zone lymphoma and hypogammaglobulinaemia. We also discuss an alternative treatment to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, which could be contraindicated due to haematological and cutaneous toxicities. This case report is of interest due to the emergence of cutaneous nocardiosis in dermatology.
Semantics Matter: Cheiloschisis Web-Based Information Differs from Cleft Lip (2022)

INTRODUCTION: Increased access and availability to a seemingly endless amount of information online has made it quite onerous for both patients and physicians to find pertinent information that is suitable for the readers at all educational levels. As machine-learning algorithms become more advanced, an internet user’s initial search, which initiates these algorithms, has become pivotal. The purpose of this study was to better understand the disparity in the readability of online information in the setting of cleft lips, also known as cheiloschisis. METHODS: Google searches for the terms “Cheiloschisis” and “Cleft Lip” were performed on the same day in February 2022 on a VPN located in San Francisco, California. The top 10 nonsponsored and nonadvertised results were selected and analyzed for Flesch-Kincaid Readability Ease, Flesch-Kincaid Grade Level, Gunning Fog Index, Simple Measure of Gobbledygook (SMOG) Index, Coleman-Liau Index, and Automated Readability Index. The two cohorts were then compared using Student’s t-tests. P<0.05 was considered significant. RESULTS: Scores for cheiloschisis vs cleft lip were significantly different with regard to Flesch-Kincaid Readability Ease (mean: 40.41 and 63.76 respectively, p < 0.01), Flesch-Kincaid Grade Level (mean: 8.57 and 6.13, p < 0.05), Coleman-Liau Index (mean: 17.45 and 12.73, p < 0.01), and Automated Readability Index (mean: 7.17 and 4.98, p < 0.05; Figure). No significant differences were noted between two cohorts in Gunning Fog Score (mean: 8.32 and 7.03, p = 0.17) and SMOG index (mean: 5.73 and 6.11, p = 0.37).FigureCONCLUSION: The terminology used by all web-based users determines the ability of the user to fully comprehend the results which are populated.
Innovations in Sales Forecasting for Large-Scale Retailers (2008)

Working as a team for the Center for Business and Economic Research at the University of Southern Maine, Bruce, James, Lindsey, Brooks and Joseph created a forecasting system for a large retail chain. Their base model uses the ARIMA methodology of Box and Jenkins, but the team has extended ARIMA to deal with the significant challenges of forecasting weekly sales at store and departmental levels. This article offers a case study in the modeling of weekly retail sales and a comprehensive overview of the forecasting hurdles that retailers must address. The modeling innovations noted here should provide retail forecasters with many good leads to pursue. Copyright International Institute of Forecasters, 2008
Biodegradable Starch Microspheres for Cerebral Arterial Embolization (1993)

Clinical and histopathologic results suggested that: 1) consequences of cerebral embolization using biodegradable starch microspheres are related to the amount of material embolized; and 2) Spherex microspheres behave differently from degradable microspheres in the brain. Despite the rapid biodegradability of the material, permanent damage from ischemia to the brain was noted.