gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Oral glutamine challenge in cirrhotics pre- and post-liver transplantation: A psychometric and analyzed EEG study (1997)

Latent or sub-clinical hepatic encephalopathy is a recognized complication of cirrhosis and is thought to represent one end of the spectrum of neuropsychiatric impairment, which occurrs as a result of portal-systemic shunting. We studied the psychometric, analyzed electroencephalography (EEG), and venous blood ammonia responses to an oral glutamine challenge in 17 patients with cirrhosis and in 4 normal controls. The cirrhotics were attending for liver transplant assessment and had no clinical evidence of hepatic encephalopathy. The oral glutamine challenge was repeated following liver transplantation. Five of sixteen patients (31%) showed impaired performance on at least one of the baseline psychometric tests. There was a correlation between fasting venous ammonia and choice reaction time (r = .7, P < .01). Following glutamine challenge there was a significant increase in blood ammonia from a mean fasting value ranging between 58 micromol/L to 120 micromol/L (P < .01), between significant prolongation of reaction times of 387 ms to 428 ms (P < .01), and an increase in mean EEG amplitude between 68.5 microV to 78.6 microV (P < .001). Four normal controls who were challenged with glutamine and 6 cirrhotic patients who were challenged with water showed no change in any of these parameters. Following orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) the eight patients studied had normal baseline psychomotor performance with significant improvements in digit symbol, digit span, information processing, number connection tests (P < .05), and reaction time (P < .005). Posttransplantation, there were no significant changes in blood ammonia, analyzed EEG, or choice reaction time in response to oral glutamine challenge (six patients). We conclude that short lived changes in blood ammonia (in cirrhotics) can cause significant impairment of sensitive tests of brain function and that psychometric performance is improved following OLT.
Atrophy of spinal cord gray matter is detectable at an early stage of multiple sclerosis (S2.003) (2017)

To estimate spinal cord (SC) gray matter (GM) area’s potential as a biomarker of disease progression in multiple sclerosis (MS), we must understand how early in the MS course SC GM atrophy can be detected, which parts of the cord are affected, and the relationship to SC-relapses and T2-lesions.
Diminished visceral adipose tissue in cancer cachexia (1994)

To estimate the relationship between the visceral adipose tissue (AT) area and cancer cachexia, 13 cachectic patients (7 males, 6 females; age 65.2 +/- 11.0 years; body mass index 20.8 +/- 4.1 kg/m2) were examined by computed tomography (CT) scanning. Cachectic cancer patients who had a 10% decrease of body weight and died within 6 months because of gastrointestinal carcinoma had a significantly smaller visceral AT area than control subjects (mean +/- sd: 43.9 +/- 42.2 cm2 vs. 93.4 +/- 56.0 cm2, P < 0.05, P = 0.014). Otherwise, there were no significant differences between the visceral AT areas of cachectic cancer patients and those of cancer patients with resectable tumors treated by curative operation (mean +/- sd: 68.8 +/- 57.7 cm2) (NS, P = 0.206). There was, however, a tendency for cachectic cancer patients to have a smaller visceral AT area than those with resectable tumors. This result suggests that the visceral AT area is not preserved in the cachectic state associated with cancer.
RNAseq Profiling of Leukocyte Populations in Zebrafish Larvae Reveals a cxcl11 Chemokine Gene as a Marker of Macrophage Polarization During Mycobacterial Infection (2019)

Macrophages are phagocytic cells from the innate immune system, which forms the first line of host defense against invading pathogens. These highly dynamic immune cells can adopt specific functional phenotypes, with the pro-inflammatory M1 and anti-inflammatory M2 polarization states as the two extremes. Recently, the process of macrophage polarization during inflammation has been visualized by real time imaging in larvae of the zebrafish. This model organism has also become widely used to study macrophage responses to microbial pathogens. To support the increasing use of zebrafish in macrophage biology, we set out to determine the complete transcriptome of zebrafish larval macrophages. We studied the specificity of the macrophage signature compared with other larval immune cells and the macrophage-specific expression changes upon infection. We made use of the well-established <i>mpeg1, mpx</i>, and <i>lck</i> fluorescent reporter lines to sort and sequence the transcriptome of larval macrophages, neutrophils, and lymphoid progenitor cells, respectively. Our results provide a complete dataset of genes expressed in these different immune cell types and highlight their similarities and differences. Major differences between the macrophage and neutrophil signatures were found within the families of proteinases. Furthermore, expression of genes involved in antigen presentation and processing was specifically detected in macrophages, while lymphoid progenitors showed expression of genes involved in macrophage activation. Comparison with datasets of <i>in vitro</i> polarized human macrophages revealed that zebrafish macrophages express a strongly homologous gene set, comprising both M1 and M2 markers. Furthermore, transcriptome analysis of low numbers of macrophages infected by the intracellular pathogen <i>Mycobacterium marinum</i> revealed that infected macrophages change their transcriptomic response by downregulation of M2-associated genes and overexpression of specific M1-associated genes. Among the infection-induced genes, a homolog of the human <i>CXCL11</i> chemokine gene, <i>cxcl11aa</i>, stood out as the most strongly overexpressed M1 marker. Upregulation of <i>cxcl11aa</i> in <i>Mycobacterium</i>-infected macrophages was found to require the function of Myd88, a critical adaptor molecule in the Toll-like and interleukin 1 receptor pathways that are central to pathogen recognition and activation of the innate immune response. Altogether, our data provide a valuable data mining resource to support infection and inflammation research in the zebrafish model.
Electrodialytic transport properties of heterogeneous cation‐exchange membranes prepared by gelation and solvent evaporation methods (2006)

Abstract The heterogeneous cation‐exchange membranes were prepared by employing two different methods: immersing the cation‐exchange resin‐loaded membranes in gelation bath; evaporating the solvent upon casting a uniform solution of cation‐exchange resin on a glass plate. The effect of resin loading on the electrochemical properties of the membranes was evaluated. The permselectivity of these heterogeneous membranes and transport number of calcium ions relative to sodium ions was evaluated with respect to the extent of resin loading and the methods of preparation. It is found that the membrane potential, transport number, permselectivity, and relative transport number are prominently high in the solvent evaporation method compared with the gelation method. The transport number of calcium ions relative to sodium ions in the solvent evaporation method increased monotonously with increasing resin loading. However, the increase of resin loading did not influence much on the relative transport numbers in the gelation method. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 100: 198–207, 2006
Methods for Monitoring Passivation Ledges in a Manufacturing Environment (2002)

In this paper, we present three techniques used to evaluate and monitor the hetero-guard ring (passivation ledge) properties of AlGaAs/GaAs HBTs. The techniques are simple enough that they are suitable for routine monitoring in a manufacturing environment.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Advances in Metallo/Organo‐Catalyzed Immortal Ring‐Opening Polymerization of Cyclic Carbonates. (2012)

Abstract Review: ca. 50 refs.
Ex vivo validation of a real-time multispectral endoscopic system for the detection and biopsy of bladder tumors (2021)

Accurate transurethral biopsies are feasible with the rMSI system. Furthermore, the rMSI system has an excellent SUS. This study paves the way to the first in-human transurethral resections of bladder tumors (TUR-B) using rMSI technology.
Long-Term Creep Properties and Microstructure of Super304H, TP347HFG and HR3C for Advanced USC Boilers (2007)

Abstract SUPER304H (18Cr-9Ni-3Cu-Nb-N, ASME CC2328) and TP347HFG (18Cr-12Ni-Nb, ASME SA213) are advanced fine-grained microstructure steel tubes developed for high strength and superior steam oxidation resistance. Their exceptional performance is demonstrated by the longest creep rupture tests, with SUPER304H tested at 600°C for 85,426 hours and TP347HFG at 700°C for 55,858 hours, both maintaining stable strength and microstructure with minimal σ phase formation and absence of other brittle phases compared to conventional austenitic stainless steels. HR3C (25Cr-20Ni-Nb-N, ASME CC2115) was specifically developed for high-strength, high-corrosion-resistant steel tubes used in severe corrosion environments of ultra-supercritical (USC) boilers operating at steam temperatures around 600°C. The longest creep test for HR3C, conducted at 700°C and 69 MPa for 88,362 hours, confirmed its high and stable creep strengths and microstructural integrity across the 600-800°C temperature range. These innovative steel tubes have been successfully installed in the Eddystone No. 3 USC power plant as superheater and reheater tubes since 1991, with subsequent microstructural investigations after long-term service exposure revealing their remarkable performance. The paper provides an up-to-date analysis of the long-term creep rupture properties and microstructural changes of these steels following extended creep rupture and aging processes, highlighting their successful application as standard materials for superheater and reheater tubes in newly constructed ultra-supercritical boilers worldwide.
War (2016)

Abstract The Civil War presented Cincinnatians and Louisvillians with formidable tests of loyalty. Allegiances remained precarious in both places as the challenges of rapid mobilization, political dissent, and emancipation pressed against fragile bonds of union. But as this chapter reveals, residents of both cities practiced forms of allegiance through their relief work to Union soldiers. This work helped border state residents establish bonds with those in northern states who suffered and sacrificed. Rhetorically, the relief work also fashioned powerful identities between civilians and soldiers to repair the violent ruptures of war. Furthermore, this chapter argues that black and white Unionists pressed for an abolitionist interpretation of the conflict, making emancipation a means of national reunification. Black military service proved the most conspicuous example of the war’s new allegiances. In Louisville, black military service and white ideological support helped to make emancipation and the hope of citizenship rights a reality in Kentucky, even if still a bitterly contested one. The physical and rhetorical work on behalf of the Union described in this chapter precluded Kentucky’s departure from the national fold.
Zero-Voltage- and Zero-Current-Switching Full-Bridge Converter With Secondary Resonance (2009)

A zero-voltage- and zero-current-switching full-bridge (FB) converter with secondary resonance is presented and analyzed. The primary side of the converter is composed of FB insulated-gate bipolar transistors, which are driven by phase-shift control. The secondary side is composed of a resonant tank and a half-wave rectifier. Without an auxiliary circuit, zero-voltage switching (for leading-leg switches) and zero-current switching (for lagging-leg switches) are achieved in the entire operating range. To implement the converter without an additional inductor, the leakage inductance of the transformer is utilized as the resonant inductor. Due to its many advantages, including high efficiency, minimum number of devices, and low cost, this converter is attractive for high-voltage and high-power applications. The analysis and design considerations of the converter are presented. A prototype was implemented for an application requiring a 5-kW output power, an input-voltage range varying from 250 to 350 V, and a 350-V output voltage. The experimental results obtained from a prototype verify the analysis. The prototype's efficiency at full load is over 95.5%.
Alternative Routes of Drug Administration—Advantages and Disadvantages (Subject Review) (1997)

This Policy Statement was retired May 2011. During the past 20 years, advances in drug formulations and innovative routes of administration have been made. Our understanding of drug transport across tissues has increased. These changes have often resulted in improved patient adherence to the therapeutic regimen and pharmacologic response. The administration of drugs by transdermal or transmucosal routes offers the advantage of being relatively painless.12 Also, the potential for greater flexibility in a variety of clinical situations exists, often precluding the need to establish intravenous access, which is a particular benefit for children. This statement focuses on the advantages and disadvantages of alternative routes of drug administration. Issues of particular importance in the care of pediatric patients, especially factors that could lead to drug-related toxicity or adverse responses, are emphasized.
Capacity analysis for cooperative MIMO systems under individual peak-power constraints (2010)

The paper considers capacity maximization problem in cooperative multiple-input-multiple-output (Co-MIMO) systems under individual peak-power constraints (IPC). Existing literatures mostly address the capacity issue on a total peak-power constraint (TPC) basis, which assumes all transmit base stations (BSs) to be restricted to a fix peak power. However in Co-MIMO systems, each cooperative BS is confined to its own power amplifier, which makes IPC a more realistic condition. The paper analyzes the capacity under IPC in a general Co-MIMO system, where several BSs cooperate to serve one user. Following that, a closed-form expression to maximize system capacity for a special case, where only two BSs serve one user, is derived. Simulation results show that our proposed capacity-maximization solution outperforms tradition TPC-based uniform power allocation and achieves an elegant tradeoff between maximal system capacity and reality significance.
Adult neurogenesis is unaffected by a functional knock-out of MHC class I in mice (2010)

The major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I has a role in the regulation of immune responses and has been implicated recently in neural plasticity and neurogenesis. We therefore sought to investigate in functional MHC class I knockout mice, transporter associated with antigen processing 1 (TAP1) KO, whether there are alterations in adult neurogenesis. We found no significant differences in cell proliferation or neurogenesis in either the dentate gyrus or subventricular zone, in TAP1 KO versus wild-type mice at several different time points. Our results do not support a role for MHC class I in adult neurogenesis, although it may still have a role in the maturation and integration of newborn neurons.
Inverse design and demonstration of on-chip laser driven particle accelerators (Conference Presentation) (2019)

Particle accelerators are central to applications ranging from high-energy physics to medical treatments. However, the cost and size of conventional accelerators operating in radio-frequencies is prohibitive for widespread proliferation. Operating at optical and near-infrared frequencies, dielectric laser accelerators (DLAs) leverage the high damage threshold of dielectric materials, advances in nanofabrication techniques, and femtosecond pulsed lasers to produce miniaturized laser-driven accelerators. Previous demonstrations of dielectric laser acceleration have utilized free-space lasers directly incident on the accelerating structure. While this is acceptable for proof-of-principle, for DLAs to become a mature technology, it is necessary to integrate the accelerators on-chip to increase scalability and robustness of the system. Here we demonstrate the first waveguide-integrated dielectric laser accelerator. In this scheme, a grating coupler is used to couple light from femtosecond pulsed laser to a 30 μm wide waveguide, fabricated on a silicon-on-insulator platform. The waveguide is then directly interfaced with an accelerating structure that is patterned with sub-wavelength features to produce near-fields phase-matched to electrons travelling through a vacuum-channel in the device. Both the input grating coupler and accelerator structure have been designed using the inverse design optimization approach. We have experimentally demonstrated these waveguide-integrated accelerators by showing acceleration of subrelativistic electrons of initial energy 83.5 keV. We observe a maximum energy modulation of 1.19 keV over 30 μm. These results represent a significant step toward scalable and integrable on-chip DLAs for applications in ultrafast, medical, and high-energy technologies.
Thematic reviews: The future of hepatology (2023)

Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN Correspondence Gregory J. Gores, MD, Professor of Medicine and Physiology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, Tel.: 507-284-0686; Fax: 507-284-0762. Email: [email protected]
Comparing the quality of signals recorded with a rapid response EEG and conventional clinical EEG systems (2019)

Our findings clearly confirm that the tested rapid response EEG system provides EEG data that is equivalent in quality to the recordings made using conventional EEG systems despite the fact that the rapid response system can be applied within few minutes and with no reliance on specialized technologists. This can be important for urgent situations where the use of conventional EEG systems is hindered by the lengthy setup time and limited availability of EEG technologists.
Synthesis of Vinca Alkaloids and Related Compounds. Part 108. Efficient Convergent Synthetic Pathway to the Ibophyllidine Skeleton. Part 4. First Synthesis of (.+‐.)‐18‐Hydroxy‐20‐epiibophyllidine. (2007)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Architectural Support for 3D Graphics in the Complex Streamed Instruction Set. (2002)

In this paper we extend the previously proposed Complex Streamed Instruction Set (CSI) architecture to provide for floating-point computations and conditional execution in order to efficiently support 3D graphics applications. The CSI extension is evaluated using an industry standard 3D benchmark, and compared to the Intel&amp;apos;s Streaming SIMD Extension (SSE). Compared to a 4-way issue superscalar processor extended with SSE and capable of processing 8 single-precision floating-point operations in parallel, the same processor extended with CSI attains the speedups of 2.8 and 2.13 on the transform and lighting kernels and the speedup of 1.61 on the geometry computations in whole. We also study how performance scales with the number of floating-point units and observe that CSI extension allows to utilize them more efficiently then SSE. Finally, the performance bottlenecks of the SSEenhanced superscalar CPUs on the 3D graphics workload are identified. Results show that performance of the 4-way issue machines is limited by the issue width and that of the 8-way machines is limited by the number of the cache ports.
Crystallization and preliminary X-ray studies of β-1,4-galactanase from Aspergillus aculeatus (1999)

Recombinant β-1,4-galactanase from Aspergillus aculeatus has been crystallized and characterized by X-ray diffraction. Crystals were obtained in hanging drops by vapour-diffusion under the conditions 30% PEG 400, 0.2 M CaCl2 and 0.1 M Na HEPES buffered to pH 7.5. The crystals diffract to 2.3 Å resolution and belong to one of the orthorhombic space groups I222 or I212121. The unit-cell dimensions are a = 60.42, b = 88.94 and c = 129.08 Å. With one molecule in the asymmetric unit, the corresponding solvent content is ∼48%.
Effects of undernutrition on infection with Vibrio cholerae O1 and on response to oral cholera vaccine. (1989)

The association between undernutrition and the risk of colonization and disease with Vibrio cholerae O1, concentrations of salivary IgA and the serologic response to infection and to orally administered cholera B subunit were examined prospectively in a family study in Bangladesh. Children ages 1 to 8 years who were family contacts of patients hospitalized with culture-confirmed cholera were visited within 24 hours of the hospitalization and daily for 10 days, queried for the presence of diarrhea and cultured for V. cholerae O1. On Day 1 each child was weighed and saliva was collected to measure total IgA. On Days 1 and 21 blood was taken to assess vibriocidal and antitoxin titers, and on Days 1 and 2 B subunit or placebo was given orally as part of a trial to look for a toxin-blocking effect. Of 412 children enrolled in the study 35% (143) became infected with V. cholerae O1 and 49% (70) of these developed diarrhea. Undernutrition, defined in a child as weight less than 70% of the Harvard reference weight-for-age, was not associated with colonization, disease or the duration or severity of cholera. Moreover well-nourished children did not differ from undernourished children in their concentrations of salivary total IgA, initial serum antitoxin or vibriocidal antibodies or in their serologic response to colonization, disease or B subunit. The immune system in its response to cholera appears to be quite resistant to nutritional insults. The good antitoxin response to B subunit among undernourished children is of particular importance in considering the use of future oral cholera vaccines in areas where such undernutrition is common.
AVE8062: a new combretastatin derivative vascular disrupting agent (2009)

Angiogenesis has an essential role in promoting and supporting tumor growth and it is an important therapeutic target. The tumor vascular network is the result of pro-angiogenic and inhibitory factors as well as of the interaction between endothelial cells and extracellular matrix. Different antiangiogenic therapeutics have been developed to improve tumor control through vascular-targeting agents (VTA). VTAs can be divided into two groups: antiangiogenic agents and vascular-disrupting agents (VDAs). VTAs inhibit specific factors required to induce and direct the angiogenic process, with major activity against small tumor masses and at the tumor periphery, encompassing monoclonal antibodies and small molecules inhibitors of the tyrosine kinase domain of the VEGF receptor. VDAs specifically target and destroy well-established tumor vessels with ischemia and destruction of large masses with central hemorrhagic necrosis and survival of a thin peripheral tumor layer. VDAs can be divided into biologics, such as ligand-based, and small-molecule agents; this second group includes small-molecule VDAs like flavonoids, such as 5,6-dimethylxanthenone-4-acetic acid (DMXAA), and microtubule-destabilizing agents. In this review we will discuss the mechanism of action, as well as the preclinical and clinical results, of one of the most promising antitubulin agents: the combretastatin A4-phosphate derivative, AVE8062A.