gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Naphthenate Scale Formation – Examination of Molecular Controls in Idealised Systems (2003)

Abstract The formation of calcium naphthenate precipitates and emulsions during oil production is becoming an increasing problem to the oil industry. Naphthenic acids, R-CO2H, are present in many crude oils and the hydrophilic nature of the carboxylic acid group means that they congregate at the oil-water interface. As the pressure drops during production and carbon dioxide is lost from solution, the pH of the brine increases, which in turn leads to dissociation of the naphthenic acid (RCO2H –&amp;gt; RCO2–). The naphthenates can then act as natural surfactants leading either to stabilised emulsions or solid deposits following complexation with calcium cations present in the aqueous phase. The naphthenate deposits collect predominantly in oil / water separators and de-salters but can also deposit in the tubing and pipelines. This study has looked at a variety of conditions to determine when certain carboxylic acids will form naphthenate deposits under idealised laboratory conditions. A range of naphthenic acids of different molecular structure were dissolved in an organic phase (toluene) and mixed with synthetic brines containing a range of calcium concentrations typical of oilfield production waters. These tests have determined that as the size of straight chain carboxylic acids increases so does the amount of naphthenate deposit. Increases in brine pH also increased the amount of deposit. However, the effects of changes in calcium concentration and molecular structure on the formation of naphthenate deposits were more difficult to quantify. The work assists in increasing our understanding of the factors controlling the precipitation of naphthenate solids under controlled conditions and forms the basis for future studies in real oilfield fluids.
N‐Cadherin Juxtacrine Signaling Maintains Blood Brain Barrier and Cognitive Function (2018)

The blood brain barrier (BBB) consists of a specialized microvasculature with highly restricted permeability to both low and high molecular weight proteins. The BBB plays a critical role in maintaining tissue‐fluid homeostasis and preventing blood‐to‐brain paracellular diffusion of plasma components that can cause neuronal dysfunction. The BBB is composed of brain endothelial cells (BEC), which physically interact with pericytes at the basement membrane. BECs and pericytes express N‐cadherin, which forms homophilic adhesions to establish cross‐communications between these cell types. The role of N‐cadherin in the BBB is not well understood. We have demonstrated that an endothelial specific deletion of N‐cadherin gene ( Cdh2 ) in mice resulted in increased permeability of the BBB in a size dependent manner, suggesting that N‐cadherin juxtacrine signaling in endothelial cells restricts BBB permeability. These changes in the BBB permeability were not associated with pericyte loss since we observed an increase in capillary coverage by pericytes in the cerebral cortex in these mice. To gain a holistic picture of N‐cadherin juxtacrine signaling in maintenance of the BBB, we utilized N‐cadherin biomimetic surfaces to induce signaling in a cell culture model. We found that Trio, a Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor consisting of two GEFs, is recruited to N‐cadherin adhesions to induce Rac1 signaling through activation of GEF1. Genetic studies in humans provide a causal link between a deficiency of Trio GEF1 activity and neurodevelopmental diseases such as intellectual disability, suggesting that increased vascular leakage and associated neurotoxicity impairs cognitive function. Therefore, we tested whether N‐cadherin deficient mice exhibited cognitive deficit. Using the Morris water navigation task, we demonstrated that loss of N‐cadherin in endothelial cells results in a deficit in spatial learning and memory. This difference to control mice became indistinguishable with age, suggesting that deficiency of N‐cadherin juxtacrine signaling may be an underlying cause for cognitive dysfunction in the elderly population. Hence, mice lacking Cdh2 gene in endothelial cells may serve as an animal model to study vascular leakage and cognitive function in aging. Support or Funding Information NIH T32 HL027829, NIH R01 HL103922 This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2018 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal .
RETIMAC: REal-TIme Motion Analysis Chip (1998)

Motion estimation is relevant for applications of both motion-compensated image sequence processing and dynamic scene analysis of computer vision. Different approaches and solutions have been proposed for these two applicative fields. In some cases, parallel architectures and dedicated chips for motion estimation in real-time have been developed. In this paper, a low-cost REal-TIme Motion Analysis Chip, RETIMAC, is presented, which is suitable for dynamic scene analysis in computer vision applications. This chip is capable of estimating optical flow fields in real-time, and has been especially developed for project OFCOMP (Optical Flow for COunting Moving People) DTM 45 ESPRIT III MEPI. It can be profitably used also for autonomous navigation, tracking, surveillance, counting moving objects, measuring velocity, etc., and for several computer vision applications which require as a first processing step the estimation of the apparent velocity of each pixel in the image plane (e.g., optical flow, velocity field). RETIMAC implements a gradient-based solution which has been demonstrated to be more reliable and precise with respect to several solutions proposed in the literature.
Adjustable autonomy for mobile teleoperation of personal service robots (2012)

Controlling personal service robots is an important, complex task which must be accomplished by the users themselves. In this paper, we propose a novel user interface for personal service robots that allows the user to teleoperate the robot using handheld computers. The user can adjust the autonomy of the robot between three levels: body control, skill control, and task control. We design several user interfaces for teleoperation on these levels. On the higher levels, autonomous behavior of the robot relieves the user from significant workload. If the autonomous execution fails, or autonomous functionality is not provided by the robot system, the user can select a lower level of autonomy, e.g., direct body control, to solve a task. In a qualitative user study we evaluate usability aspects of our teleoperation interface with our domestic service robots Cosero and Dynamaid. We demonstrate the benefits of providing adjustable manual and autonomous control.
Ataxia telangiectasia mutated is essential during adult neurogenesis (2001)

Ataxia telangiectasia (A-T) is an autosomal recessive disease characterized by normal brain development followed by progressive neurodegeneration. The gene mutated in A-T (ATM) is a serine protein kinase implicated in cell cycle regulation and DNA repair. The role of ATM in the brain and the consequences of its loss on neuronal survival remain unclear. We studied the role of ATM in adult neural progenitor cells in vivo and in vitro to define the role of ATM in dividing and postmitotic neural cells from Atm-deficient (Atm(-/-)) mice in a physiologic context. We demonstrate that ATM is an abundant protein in dividing neural progenitor cells but is markedly down-regulated as cells differentiate. In the absence of ATM, neural progenitor cells of the dentate gyrus show abnormally high rates of proliferation and genomic instability. Atm(-/-) cells in vivo, and in cell culture, show a blunted response to environmental stimuli that promote neural progenitor cell proliferation, survival, and differentiation along a neuronal lineage. This study defines a role for ATM during the process of neurogenesis, demonstrates that ATM is required for normal cell fate determination and neuronal survival both in vitro and in vivo, and points to a mechanism for neuronal cell loss in progressive neurodegenerative diseases.
Process development for automated solar cell and module production. Task 4. Automated array assembly. Annual report (1979)

MBA has been working on the automated array assembly task of the Low-Cost Solar Array project. A baseline sequence for the manufacture of solar cell modules is specified. Starting with silicon wafers, the process goes through damage etching, texture etching, junction formation, plasma edge etch, aluminum back surface field formation, and screen printed metallization to produce finished solar cells which are then series connected on a ribbon and bonded into a finished glass, PVB, tedlar module. A number of steps required additional developmental effort to verify technical and economic feasibility. These steps include texture etching, plasma edge etch, aluminum back surface field formation, array layup and interconnect, and module edge sealing and framing.
Building Large-Scale Quantitative Imaging Databases with Multi-Scale Deep Reinforcement Learning: Initial Experience with Whole-Body Organ Volumetric Analyses (2021)

To explore the feasibility of a fully automated workflow for whole-body volumetric analyses based on deep reinforcement learning (DRL) and to investigate the influence of contrast-phase (CP) and slice thickness (ST) on the calculated organ volume. This retrospective study included 431 multiphasic CT datasets-including three CP and two ST reconstructions for abdominal organs-totaling 10,508 organ volumes (10,344 abdominal organ volumes: liver, spleen, and kidneys, 164 lung volumes). Whole-body organ volumes were determined using multi-scale DRL for 3D anatomical landmark detection and 3D organ segmentation. Total processing time for all volumes and mean calculation time per case were recorded. Repeated measures analyses of variance (ANOVA) were conducted to test for robustness considering CP and ST. The algorithm calculated organ volumes for the liver, spleen, and right and left kidney (mean volumes in milliliter (interquartile range), portal venous CP, 5 mm ST: 1868.6 (1426.9, 2157.8), 350.19 (45.46, 395.26), 186.30 (147.05, 214.99) and 181.91 (143.22, 210.35), respectively), and for the right and left lung (2363.1 (1746.3, 2851.3) and 1950.9 (1335.2, 2414.2)). We found no statistically significant effects of the variable contrast phase or the variable slice thickness on the organ volumes. Mean computational time per case was 10 seconds. The evaluated approach, using state-of-the art DRL, enables a fast processing of substantial amounts irrespective of CP and ST, allowing building up organ-specific volumetric databases. The thus derived volumes may serve as reference for quantitative imaging follow-up.
Force-Induced Prolyl Cis−Trans Isomerization in Elastin-like Polypeptides (2007)

Elastin-like polypeptides (ELPs) are stimulus-responsive polymers that contain repeats of five amino acids, Val-Pro-Gly-Xaa-Gly (VPGXG), where Xaa is a guest residue that can be any amino acid with the exception of proline. While studying the conformational mechanics of ELPs over a range of solvent conditions by single-molecule force spectroscopy, we noticed that some force-extension curves showed temperature-independent, extensional transitions that could not be fitted with a freely jointed chain or worm-like chain model. Here we show that the observed molecular elongation results from the force-induced peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerization in prolines, which are repeated every fifth residue in the main chain of ELPs. Control experiments with poly(L-proline) demonstrate the similarity of the conformational transition between poly(L-proline) and ELPs. In contrast, the force-extension behavior of poly(L-lysine) showed no deviation in the relevant force range. Force-extension curves in hysteresis experiments showed an elongational difference between extension and relaxation pathways that suggests that the cis conformational state of the prolines could be exhausted on the time scale of the experiment. We present further computational evidence for this mechanism by Monte Carlo simulation of the force-extension behavior using an elastically coupled, two-state model. We believe ours is the first demonstration of force-induced prolyl cis-trans isomerization in proline-containing polypeptides. Our results suggest that single-molecule force spectroscopy could provide an alternate means to assay this important conformational transition in polypeptides.
Tetracycline Resistance Genes Persist at Aquaculture Farms in the Absence of Selection Pressure (2010)

The prophylactic and therapeutic use of tetracyclines in aquaculture has been shown to contribute to the spread of tetracycline resistance in the environment. In this work, the prevalence of four different tetracycline-resistance genes, tetA, tetC, tetH, and tetM, in sediments from four aquaculture farms and their surroundings in the Baltic Sea was monitored by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). The presence of three additional tetracycline-resistance genes (tetE, tetG, and tetW) was studied qualitatively by standard PCR, and the amount of bioavailable tetracyclines and total amounts of tetracycline and oxytetracycline in samples were also measured. None of the farms were using tetracycline at the time of the sampling and one of the farms had stopped all antibiotic use six years prior to the first sampling. Two of the farms were sampled over four successive summers and two were sampled once. Our results showed greater copy numbers of tetA, tetC, tetH, and tetM at the farms compared to pristine sites and demonstrated the presence of tetE, tetG, and tetW genes in the sediments under aquaculture farms at most sampling times. However, no resistance genes were found in samples collected 200 m from any of the farms. None of the samples contained therapeutically active concentrations of tetracyclines at any of the sampling times, suggesting that the increase in the prevalence of tetracycline resistance genes is caused by the persistence of these genes in the absence of selection pressure.
Learning to Classify With Possible Sensor Failures (2016)

In this paper, we propose a general framework to learn a robust large-margin binary classifier when corrupt measurements, called anomalies, caused by sensor failure might be present in the training set. The goal is to minimize the generalization error of the classifier on noncorrupted measurements while controlling the false alarm rate associated with anomalous samples. By incorporating a nonparametric regularizer based on an empirical entropy estimator, we propose a geometric-entropy-minimization regularized maximum entropy discrimination (GEM-MED) method to learn to classify and detect anomalies in a joint manner. We demonstrate using simulated data and a real multimodal data set. Our GEM-MED method can yield improved performance over previous robust classification methods in terms of both classification accuracy and anomaly detection rate.
Analysis on Technical Development and Market of Domestic Turbine Governor (2009)

This thesis makes a comprehensive introduction on turbine governor technology and products' development state at home and abroad,and analyses the governor technology,its products and the governor industry market state.The problems should be pointed out that the market price of the turbine governor is diversified and competition mechanism is not sound.So,the manufacturers keep on confirming the hard-won technology progress to promote the turbine governor industry's further development,meanwhile,the owners and design institutes also should organize and harmonize properly to consider profit to each side to construct a right turbine governor market.
PEPPeR: A Platform for Experimental Proteomic Pattern Recognition (2009)

Vol. 5 (2006) 1927–1941 On Page 1940: Acknowledgments: The grant information should be listed as follows: “This work was supported by grants from the National Institutes of Health (Grant NCI R01 CA126219 to D. R. M., as part of NCI Clinical Proteomic Technologies for Cancer Program), The Gates Foundation, and The Entertainment Industry Foundation (to S. A. C.), and the United States Department of Energy (DOE-GTL) (to G. M. C.).”
Histone deacetylase inhibition sensitizes osteosarcoma to heavy ion radiotherapy (2015)

HIT and in particular the combination of HIT and histone deacetylase inhibition is a promising treatment strategy in OS and may be tested in clinical trials.
Architectural Support for Mitigating Row Hammering in DRAM Memories (2014)

DRAM scaling has been the prime driver of increasing capacity of main memory systems. Unfortunately, lower technology nodes worsen the cell reliability as it increases the coupling between adjacent DRAM cells, thereby exacerbating different failure modes. This paper investigates the reliability problem due to Row Hammering, whereby frequent activations of a given row can cause data loss for its neighboring rows. As DRAM scales to lower technology nodes, the threshold for the number of row activations that causes data loss for the neighboring rows reduces, making Row Hammering a challenging problem for future DRAM chips. To overcome Row Hammering, we propose two architectural solutions: First, Counter-Based Row Activation (CRA), which uses a counter with each row to count the number of row activations. If the count exceeds the row hammering threshold, a dummy activation is sent to neighboring rows proactively to refresh the data. Second, Probabilistic Row Activation (PRA), which obviates storage overhead of tracking and simply allows the memory controller to proactively issue dummy activations to neighboring rows with a small probability for all memory access. Our evaluations show that these solutions are effective at mitigating Row hammering while causing negligible performance loss (<; 1 percent).
Enzymatic Synthesis of Specifically Modified Linear Oligosaccharides from γ-Cyclodextrin Derivatives. Study on Importance of Active Sites of Taka Amylase A (1989)

Abstract Specifically modified linear oligosaccharides were prepared by enzymatic hydrolysis of 6- or 2-O-substituted γ-cyclodextrin by Taka amylase A. These results suggest that the importance of the interactions between hydroxyl groups and the subsites (P–V) of Taka amylase A decreases in the following order; for C-6-OH, S&amp;gt;R&amp;gt;T&amp;gt;Q, U and for C-2-OH, R,S&amp;gt;T&amp;gt;Q, U.
Mechanical Performance of Short Models for MQXF, the Nb3Sn Low-β Quadrupole for the Hi-Lumi LHC (2016)

In the framework of the Hi-Lumi LHC Project, CERN and U.S. LARP are jointly developing MQXF, a 150-mm aperture high-field Nb3Sn quadrupole for the upgrade of the inner triplet of the low-beta interaction regions. The magnet is supported by a shell-based structure, providing the preload by means of bladder-key technology and differential thermal contraction of the various components. Two short models have been produced using the same cross section currently considered for the final magnet. The structures were preliminarily tested replacing the superconducting coils with blocks of aluminum. This procedure allows for model validation and calibration, and also to set performance goals for the real magnet. Strain gauges were used to monitor the behavior of the structure during assembly, cool down and also excitation in the case of the magnets. The various structures differ for the shell partitioning strategies adopted and for the presence of thick or thin laminations. This paper presents the results obtained and discusses the mechanical performance of all the short models produced up to now.
Regression of Sclerodermatous Skin Lesions in a Patient With Carcinoid Syndrome Treated by Octreotide (1995)

The principal skin manifestations of carcinoid syndrome are flush, acral pigmentation, cyanosis, and facial telangiectases. We describe herein a patient with carcinoid syndrome whose sclerodermatous lesions of the lower legs, an infrequent manifestation of this syndrome, have entirely subsided with chemotherapy and administration of the long-acting somatostatin analogue octreotide. <h3>Report of a Case.</h3> A 51-year-old white man was admitted in October 1990 for abdominal pain, diarrhea, and weight loss. On clinical examination, a metastatic liver, ascites, edema of the legs, and failure of the right side of the heart were found. The liver biopsy specimen revealed a poorly differentiated metastatic carcinoma whose origin was initially unknown. The first 5-day course of alternate chemotherapy was administered as follows: fluorouracil, 375 mg/m<sup>2</sup>daily; folinic acid, 200 mg/m<sup>2</sup>daily; and cisplatin, 15 mg/m<sup>2</sup>daily, alternated with streptozotocin, 500 mg/m<sup>2</sup>daily. In December 1990, the patient was referred to the
Diversity of P1 phage-like elements in multidrug resistant Escherichia coli (2019)

The spread of multidrug resistance via mobile genetic elements is a major clinical and veterinary concern. Pathogenic Escherichia coli harbour antibiotic resistance and virulence genes mainly on plasmids, but also bacteriophages and hybrid phage-like plasmids. In this study, the genomes of three E. coli phage-like plasmids, pJIE250-3 from a human E. coli clinical isolate, pSvP1 from a porcine ETEC O157 isolate, and pTZ20_1P from a porcine commensal E. coli, were sequenced (PacBio RSII), annotated and compared. All three elements are coliphage P1 variants, each with unique adaptations. pJIE250-3 is a P1-derivative that has lost lytic functions and contains no accessory genes. In pTZ20_1P and pSvP1, a core P1-like genome is associated with insertion sequence-mediated acquisition of plasmid modules encoding multidrug resistance and virulence, respectively. The transfer ability of pTZ20_1P, carrying antibiotic resistance markers, was also tested and, although this element was not able to transfer by conjugation, it was able to lysogenize a commensal E. coli strain with consequent transfer of resistance. The incidence of P1-like plasmids (~7%) in our E. coli collections correlated well with that in public databases. This study highlights the need to investigate the contribution of phage-like plasmids to the successful spread of antibiotic resistant pathotypes.
Opportunistic transmission scheduling for multiuser MIMO systems (2004)

An opportunistic transmission scheduling scheme is proposed to make better use of the multiuser diversity gain in a MIMO system. The performance of a MIMO link is quantified by its information-theoretic capacity. Even though the base station has no knowledge of the transmission channel, the proposed algorithm generates a transmission randomizing matrix according to the distribution of the channel, so that it is likely that some user is near the "water-filling" configuration. The mobile users measure and feedback the channel quality. Based on this information, the base station schedules transmission to the user whose instantaneous channel capacity is the largest. Simulation results show that, over slow varying channels, or over Rician channels with a large K factor, opportunistic transmission scheduling can improve system performance in terms of channel capacity.
Associations of blood pressure and arterial stiffness with knee cartilage volume in patients with knee osteoarthritis (2021)

Blood pressure and arterial stiffness are associated with knee cartilage volume at several sites in knee OA patients. This supports that blood pressure and arterial stiffness may involve in the progression of knee OA.