gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
First Report of Rice yellow mottle virus in Rice in Uganda (2006)

Rice yellow mottle virus (RYMV) of the genus Sobemovirus is a major biotic constraint to rice production in Africa. First reported in Kenya in 1966, RYMV was later found in most countries in Africa where rice (Oryza sativa) is grown (2). During July 2000, plants with leaf yellowing and mottling symptoms were observed in Uganda in a subsistence rice field northeast of Lake Victoria, close to the Nile River. RYMV was detected by using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay with polyclonal RYMV antisera (1) in the four samples collected. Discriminant monoclonal antibodies revealed that the samples contained RYMV serotype 4, a serotype found in eastern Africa (Madagascar, Kenya, and Tanzania) (2). The 720-nt long coat protein gene of two isolates was amplified by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction and sequenced (1). The two Ugandan isolates had 99% nt sequence identity (EMBL Accession Nos. AM114523 and AM114524). They belonged to a monophyletic group (97% nt identity) containing isolates from eastern Kenya and northern Tanzania (close to the Lake Victoria). These form a sister group (93% identity) of isolates from Lake Malawi Region in western Tanzania and are more distantly related (88% identity) to the basal strains from eastern Tanzania (2). Isolation of the Lake Victoria Region from the rest of the Tanzania by distance, physical barriers, and patchy rice cultivation explains the specificity of the strain. Year-round growth of wild and cultivated rice around the lake ensures host continuity in time and space that facilitates spread that accounts for the homogeneity of the isolates of this area. Knowledge of the presence of RYMV in Uganda is important since rice cultivation is intensified in this country and is planned in neighboring southern Sudan. References: (1) A. Pinel et al. Arch. Virol. 145:1621, 2000. (2) O. Traoré et al. Mol. Ecol. 14:2097, 2005.
Reactivity Studies of a Masked Three‐Coordinate Vanadium(II) Complex (2010)

Ein Arenring maskiert den niedervalenten und niederkoordinierten VII-Komplex [(nacnac)V(Ntol2)] und ermöglicht so die einfache Koordination terminaler Liganden an das Vanadiumzentrum. Die Aktivierung kleiner Moleküle durch diesen S=3/2-Komplex bietet einen einfachen Zugang zu einer breiten Auswahl von Ligandengerüsten, wie terminalen VIV-Imido-, VIV-Cyclopropen- und VV-Nitrid-Komplexen sowie dem ersten VV-cyclo-P3-Komplex (siehe Schema). Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Near infrared frequency comb vernier spectrometer for broadband trace gas detection (2014)

We present a femtosecond frequency comb vernier spectrometer in the near infrared with a femtosecond Er doped fiber laser, a scanning high-finesse cavity and an InGaAs camera. By utilizing the properties of a frequency comb and a scanning high-finesse cavity such a spectrometer provides broad spectral bandwidth, high spectral resolution, and high detection sensitivity on a short time scale. We achieved an absorption sensitivity of ~8 × 10(-8) cm(-1)Hz(-1/2), corresponding to a detection limit of ~70 ppbv for acetylene, with a resolution of ~1.1 GHz in single images taken in 0.5 seconds and covering a frequency range of ~5 THz. Such measurements have broad applications for sensing greenhouse gases in this fingerprint near infrared region with a simple apparatus.
Strategies in urological reconstruction in myelomeningocele (2002)

Progress in this area continues to be made. Periodic, critical and objective reviews on the subject should help the practitioner to arrive at sound decisions.
Multimode fibers for telecommunications and imaging (2016)

In this paper, we discuss the characterization of light propagation in multimode fiber and its application to telecommunications, imaging and fundamental physics.
The Courts' Role in Preserving the Family Farm during Bankruptcy Proceedings Involving FmHA Loans (1993)

Over a twelve year period, Kenneth and Lanae Fisher incurred three Farmers Home Administration (FmHA) loans' for their family farm.On July 26, 1988, the Fishers filed a petition under Chapter 12 of the bankruptcy code.2In the reorganization plan, the Fishers calculated the FmHA loans' repayment rate as a weighted average of the three different interest rates at which they had borrowed.The FmHA objected, claiming this weighted average was too low.Yet the bankruptcy court 3 affirmed the Fishers' plan, and the district court affirmed the bankruptcy court's decision.4The Court of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit, however, reversed these decisions, 5 interpreting Chapter 12's cramdown provision 6 as requiring the Fishers to pay back their loans at a higher interest rate after bankruptcy than previously. 7* Carol Ann Eiden received her B.A. in 1990 from the College of St. Catherine, with a double major in English
New displays and new emotions: A commentary on Rozin and Cohen (2003). (2003)

In this article, the authors elaborate on 3 ideas advanced in P. Rozin and A. B. Cohen's (2003) innovative study of facial expression. Taking a cue from their discovery of new expressive behaviors (e.g., the narrowed eyebrows), the authors review recent studies showing that emotions are conveyed in more channels than usually studied, including posture, gaze patterns, voice, and touch. Building on their claim that confusion has a distinct display, the authors review evidence showing distinct displays for 3 self-conscious emotions (embarrassment, shame, and pride), 5 positive emotions (amusement, desire, happiness, love, interest), and sympathy and compassion. Finally, the authors offer a functional definition of emotion to integrate these findings on "new" displays and emotions.
Synthesis of BMS-561392 (2010)

Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) is a cytokine associated with acute and chronic inflammation. BMS-561392 selectively inhibits ­tumor necrosis factor-α convertase (TACE), an enzyme which generates TNF-α from its progenitor. BMS-561392 is a lead for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. The key step in the synthesis is the diastereoselective α-amination of the enolate E using 1-chloro-1-nitroso-cyclopentane as the electrophile.
Bacillus thuringiensis-derived Cry5B Has Potent Anthelmintic Activity against Ascaris suum (2013)

Ascaris suum and Ascaris lumbricoides are two closely related geo-helminth parasites that ubiquitously infect pigs and humans, respectively. Ascaris suum infection in pigs is considered a good model for A. lumbricoides infection in humans because of a similar biology and tissue migration to the intestines. Ascaris lumbricoides infections in children are associated with malnutrition, growth and cognitive stunting, immune defects, and, in extreme cases, life-threatening blockage of the digestive tract and aberrant migration into the bile duct and peritoneum. Similar effects can be seen with A. suum infections in pigs related to poor feed efficiency and performance. New strategies to control Ascaris infections are needed largely due to reduced treatment efficacies of current anthelmintics in the field, the threat of resistance development, and the general lack of new drug development for intestinal soil-transmitted helminths for humans and animals. Here we demonstrate for the first time that A. suum expresses the receptors for Bacillus thuringiensis crystal protein and novel anthelmintic Cry5B, which has been previously shown to intoxicate hookworms and which belongs to a class of proteins considered non-toxic to vertebrates. Cry5B is able to intoxicate A. suum larvae and adults and triggers the activation of the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway similar to that observed with other nematodes. Most importantly, two moderate doses of 20 mg/kg body weight (143 nM/kg) of Cry5B resulted in a near complete cure of intestinal A. suum infections in pigs. Taken together, these results demonstrate the excellent potential of Cry5B to treat Ascaris infections in pigs and in humans and for Cry5B to work effectively in the human gastrointestinal tract.
Video streaming over wireless LAN with efficient scalable coding and prioritized adaptive transmission (2004)

We propose a video streaming scheme over wireless LAN using novel rate-distortion optimized data partitioning scheme and prioritized adaptive packet transmission. The new algorithm enables DCT data partitioning up to the DCT block level without rate overhead using backward adaptation. For channel adaptation, we selectively drop enhancement layer packets when the channel throughput is not sufficient. Real video streaming experiments with 802.11b testbed have demonstrated excellent performance of the algorithm under severe interference such as microwave oven.
Folding and Anion‐Binding Properties of Fluorescent Oligoindole Foldamers (2008)

A series of oligoindole foldamers 1 a-d that are highly fluorescent were prepared by using a biindole derivative as the repeating unit, and their folding and anion-binding properties were revealed by (1)H NMR and fluorescence spectroscopy. The oligoindoles exist in an extended conformation, but adopt a compact helical structure in the presence of an anion. The anion is entrapped inside the tubular cavity of the helical strand, comprising four aryl units per turn, by multiple hydrogen bonds with the indole NHs. These structural features were confirmed by (1)H NMR and fluorescence spectroscopy. When folded by anion binding, 1 b-d show characteristic downfield shifts of the NH signals and upfield shifts of the aromatic CH signals by Deltadelta=0.1-1.0 ppm. The average chemical shift for all the aromatic signals of 1 a-d is more upfield shifted as the chain lengthens, as anticipated from the degree of overlapped aromatic surfaces in the helical strand. Moreover, 1 a-d are strongly fluorescent in the absence of an anion. Upon binding an anion such as a chloride, the shorter oligoindoles 1 a and b lead to negligible change in the emission spectra, whereas the longer ones 1 c and d result in dramatic changes, that is, large hypochromic and bathochromic shifts (Deltalambda=65 and 70 nm) of the emission band, confirming the helical folding. The association constants (K(a)) between oligoindoles and tetrabutylammonium chloride strongly depend on the chain length; <1 M(-1) for 1 a, 630 M(-1) for 1 b, 1.1x10(5) M(-1) for 1 c, and 2.9x10(5) M(-1) for 1 d in 20 % (v/v) MeOH/CH(2)Cl(2) at 24+/-1 degrees C. In addition, the association constants of 1 c and 1 d with other anions such as fluoride, bromide, iodide, azide, cyanide, acetate, and nitrate are determined to be in the order of 10(3)-10(6) M(-1) under the same conditions.
Exercise and the metabolic syndrome with weight regain (2010)

Weight loss improves metabolic syndrome (MetS) factors, but risk may return with weight regain. This study was designed to determine if exercise training can maintain improvements in MetS risk factors during weight regain. In a randomized control trial,102 overweight or obese (body mass index 25.0-39.9 kg/m(2)) men and women (age 21-52 yr), with characteristics of the MetS, lost 10% of body weight with supervised walking/jogging at 60% of maximal oxygen consumption (Vo(2 max)) (-400 kcal/session), 5 days/wk, and caloric restriction (-600 kcal/day) over a 4- to 6-mo period. After weight loss, 77 remaining subjects underwent programmed weight regain (+50% of lost weight) for 4-6 mo with random assignment to two groups: no exercise (NoEX) or continued supervised exercise (EX). Blood pressure, regional fat, glucose homeostasis, lipids, and inflammatory markers were assessed at baseline, post-weight loss, and post-weight regain. Groups were compared by two-way repeated-measures ANOVA on the 67 subjects. After weight loss (9.7 +/- 0.2% of body weight), significant (P < 0.05) improvements were observed in almost all parameters assessed. Following weight regain (54.4 +/- 1.6% of lost weight), the NoEX group exhibited deterioration in most metabolic markers, while the EX group maintained improvements in Vo(2 max), blood pressures, glucose homeostasis, high- and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C and LDL-C), oxidized LDL, and other markers of inflammation, but did not maintain improvements in triglyceride and cholesterol concentrations or abdominal fat. Results of this design of controlled human weight regain suggest that aerobic exercise can counter the detrimental effects of partial weight regain on many markers of disease risk.
Lipid Oxidation in Human Low-Density Lipoprotein Induced by Metmyoglobin/H2O2:  Involvement of α-Tocopheroxyl and Phosphatidylcholine Alkoxyl Radicals (1999)

Metmyoglobin (metMb) and H(2)O(2) can oxidize low-density lipoprotein (LDL) in vitro, and oxidized LDL may be atherogenic. The role of alpha-tocopherol (alpha-TOH) in LDL oxidation by peroxidases such as metMb is unclear. Herein, we show that during metMb/H(2)O(2)-induced oxidation of native LDL, alpha-tocopheroxyl radical (alpha-TO(*)) and hydroperoxides and alcohols of cholesteryl esters [CE-O(O)H] and phosphatidylcholine [PC-O(O)H] accumulate concomitantly with alpha-TOH consumption. The ratio of accumulating CE-O(O)H to PC-O(O)H remains constant as long as alpha-TOH is present. Accumulation of CE-O(O)H is dependent on, and correlates with, LDL's alpha-TOH content, yet does not require preformed lipid hydroperoxides or H(2)O(2). This indicates that in native LDL alpha-TOH can act as a phase-transfer agent and alpha-TO(*) as a chain-transfer agent propagating LDL lipid peroxidation via tocopherol-mediated peroxidation (TMP). After alpha-TOH depletion, CE-O(O)H continues to accumulate, albeit at a slower rate than in the presence of alpha-TOH. This second phase of LDL oxidation is accompanied by depletion of PC-OOH, a rapid increase in the CE-O(O)H/PC-O(O)H ratio, formation of lipid-derived alkoxyl radicals and phosphatidylcholine hydroxides (PC-OH), and accumulation of a second organic radical, characterized by a broad singlet EPR signal. The latter persists for several hours at 37 degrees C. We conclude that metMb/H(2)O(2)-induced peroxidation of LDL lipids occurs initially via TMP. After alpha-TOH depletion, cholesteryl esters peroxidize at higher fractional rates than surface phospholipids, and this appears to be mediated at least in part via reactions involving alkoxyl radicals derived from the peroxidatic activity of metMb on PC-OOH.
How to Apply Modeling to Compare Options and Select the Appropriate Cloud Platform (2020)

Organizations want to take advantage of the flexibility and scalability of Cloud platforms. By migrating to the Cloud, they hope to develop and implement new applications faster with lower cost. Amazon AWS, Microsoft Azure, Google, IBM, Oracle and others Cloud providers support different DBMS like Snowflake, Redshift, Teradata Vantage, and others. These platforms have different architectures, mechanisms of allocation and management of resources, and levels of sophistication of DBMS optimizers which affect performance, scalability and cost. As a result, the response time, CPU Service Time and the number of I/Os for the same query, accessing the similar table in the Cloud could be significantly different than On Prem. In order to select the appropriate Cloud platform as a first step we perform a Workload Characterization for On Prem Data Warehouse. Each Data Warehouse workload represents a specific line of business and includes activity of many users generating concurrently simple and complex queries accessing data from different tables. Each workload has different demands for resources and different Response Time and Throughput Service Level Goals. In this presentation we will review results of the workload characterization for an On Prem Data Warehouse environment. During the second step we collected measurement data for standard TPC-DS benchmark tests performed in AWS Vantage, Redshift and Snowflake Cloud platform for different sizes of the data sets and different number of concurrent users. During the third step we used the results of the workload characterization and measurement data collected during the benchmark to modify BEZNext On Prem Closed Queueing model to model individual Clouds. And finally, during the fourth step we used our Model to take into consideration differences in concurrency, priorities and resource allocation to different workloads. BEZNext optimization algorithms incorporating Graduate search mechanism are used to find the AWS instance type and minimum number of instances which will be required to meet SLGs for each of the workloads. Publicly available information about the cost of the different AWS instances is used to predict the cost of supporting workloads in the Cloud month by month during next 12 months.
Extracellular ATP and cAMP as Paracrine and Interorgan Regulators of Renal Function P2Y Receptors of MDCK Cells: Epithelial Cell Regulation by Extracellular Nucleotides (2001)

1. Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells, a well- differentiated renal epithelial cell line derived from distal tubule/collecting duct, respond to extracellular nucleotides by altering ion flux and the production of arachidonic acid-derived products, in particular prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). Our work has defined the receptors and signalling events involved in such responses. 2. We have found evidence for expression of at least three P2Y receptor subtypes (P2Y1, P2Y2 and P2Y11) in MDCK-D1 cells, a subclone from parental MDCK. 3. These receptors appear to couple to increases in calcium and protein kinase C activity, probably via a Gq/G11-mediated activation of phospholipase C. 4. In addition, P2Y receptor activation can promote a prominent increase in cAMP. This includes both a P2Y2 receptor-mediated cyclo-oxygenase (COX)-dependent component and another COX-independent component mediated by other P2Y receptors. 5. We have documented that changing media in which cells are grown releases ATP and, in turn, activates P2Y receptors. Such release of ATP contributes in a major way to basal cAMP levels in these cells. 6. The data indicate that MDCK cells are a useful model to define the regulation of epithelial cells by extracellular nucleotides. Of particular note, spontaneous or stretch-induced release of ATP and subsequent activation of one or more P2Y receptors contributes to establishing the basal activity of signalling pathways.
Pretty Ugly – zu schön, um modern zu sein (16/1) (2022)

Moderne hat grau zu sein. Was machen wir aber mit den Bauten der 1970er und 1980er Jahre, die schon spät- und postmoderne Freude an dem Spiel mit Formen und Farben zeigen? Das Winter-Heft von moderneREGIONAL “Pretty Ugly – zu schön, um modern zu sein” (Redaktion: Daniel Bartetzko) wandelt auf den Spuren eines Stils, der uns größtenteils noch zu nah ist, um seine Werte erkennen zu können. Im Leitartikel sinniert Till Briegleb über die Schönheit, den Geschmack und die Vergänglichkeit der späten Moderne. Karin Berkemann staunt über einen opulenten 1980er-Jahre-Bau im hessischen Langen. Jan Kampshoff setzt ein gescheitertes Zukunftsprojekt ins Bild: das Habiflex in Dorsten. Karin Hartmann untersucht die Unwirtlichkeit einer modernen Fußgängerzone, der Königsplätze in Paderborn. Christian Holl betritt den postmodernsten Straßenzug der Mainmetropole, die Frankfurter Saalgasse. Uta Winterhager freut sich an farbenfrohen Kölner Hochhausfassaden. Turit Fröbe fotografiert Bausünden in ganz Deutschland. Und nicht zuletzt spricht Daniel Bartetzko mit Ursulina Schüler-Witte über den Berliner Bierpinsel. Die Rechte für die einzelnen Textbeiträge liegen bei den Autor:innen, die Bildrechte sind jeweils am Bild selbst angegeben. Die einzelnen Heftbeiträge sind (in der jeweils aktuellen Form) online zugänglich.
Protein-DNA conformational changes in the crystal structure of a lambda Cro-operator complex. (1990)

The structure of a complex of bacteriophage lambda Cro protein with a 17-base-pair operator has been determined at 3.9-A resolution. Isomorphous derivatives obtained by the synthesis of site-specific iodinated DNA oligomers were of critical importance in solving the structure. The crystal structure contains three independent Cro-operator complexes that have very similar, although not necessarily identical, conformations. In the complex, the protein dimer undergoes a large conformational change relative to the crystal structure of the free protein. One monomer rotates by about 40 degrees relative to the other, this being accomplished primarily by a twisting of the two beta-sheet strands that connect one monomer with the other. In the complex, the DNA is bent by about 40 degrees into the shape of a boomerang but maintains essentially Watson-Crick B-form. In contrast to other known protein-DNA complexes, the DNA is not stacked end-to-end. The structure confirms the general features of the model previously proposed for the interaction of Cro with DNA.
[The effects of intracoronary injection of nitroglycerin on the coronary circulation: evaluation using a Doppler catheter]. (1992)

To evaluate the effects of intracoronary injection of nitroglycerin (NTG) on the coronary circulation, we measured the flow velocity of the coronary artery using a Doppler catheter. The Doppler catheter was introduced into the region proximal to the left anterior descending artery (LAD) via an 8F guide catheter positioned at the orifice of the left coronary artery. We measured the flow velocity at a point of 3 mm distal to the catheter tip. One mg (2 ml) of NTG was injected via the 8F guide catheter for 10 sec, followed by injection of 3 ml of normal saline. Then the increasing rate of the diastolic coronary flow velocity in the LAD was calculated. Five ml of iopamidol (dye) was also injected for comparison. The subjects consisted of 14 normal persons (G-N), and 12 patients with angina pectoris accompanying critical stenoses of the LAD, who had no ECG changes or no abnormalities by left ventriculography. The subjects with angina pectoris were subclassified as 90% stenoses (G-A: 5 patients), and 99% stenoses (G-B: 7 patients) in the LAD. 1. After intracoronary injection of NTG, the aortic pressure dropped to various degrees in G-N. In 7 of the normal subjects, who had less than a 20% aortic pressure drop, the increased diastolic flow velocity was more rapid than the control diastolic flow velocity 30 sec after the peak velocity.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Improvement of Voltage Linearity in High-&lt;tex&gt;$kappa$&lt;/tex&gt;MIM Capacitors Using&lt;tex&gt;$hbox HfO_2hbox --hbox SiO_2$&lt;/tex&gt;Stacked Dielectric (2004)

It is demonstrated that the voltage coefficients of capacitance (VCC) in high-/spl kappa/ metal-insulator-metal (MIM) capacitors can be actively engineered and voltage linearity can be significantly improved maintaining high capacitance density, by using a stacked insulator structure of high-/spl kappa/ and SiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> dielectrics. A MIM capacitor with capacitance density of 6 fFμm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> and quadratic VCC of only 14 ppm/V <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> has been demonstrated together with excellent frequency and temperature dependence (temperature coefficients of capacitance of 54 ppm /spl deg/C) as well as low leakage current of less than 10 nA/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> up to 4 V at 125 /spl deg/C.