gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and thermal properties of 1, 3-dinitro-3-(1′, 3′-dinitroazetidin-3′-yl) azetidine (tndaz) and its admixtures with 1, 3, 3-trinitroazetidine (TNAZ) (1998)

Abstract The synthesis of TNDAZ in four steps by starting with N-t-butyl-3-hydroxymethyl-3-nitroazetidine is described. The structures of TNDAZ and of a precursor, N-t-butyl-3-nitro-3-(N'-t-butyl-3′-nitroazetidin-3′-yl) azetidine, have been established unequivocally via application of single crystal x-ray crystallographic techniques. Thermal properties of TNDAZ, TNAZ and admixtures thereof are presented. A binary phase diagram has been predicted computationally and confirmed experimentally by using differential scanning calorimetry and hot stage microscopy. The thermal data support the existence of more than one polymorph for TNDAZ and for TNAZ.
People, Pets and Public Housing (2011)

Pets at Northcott is a community event that brings together inner Sydney public housing tenants, the local community, their respective companion animals, and volunteers - vets, vet students and people who just want to be involved.
Figure S2 from A Phase I Study of Pegylated Arginine Deiminase (Pegargiminase), Cisplatin, and Pemetrexed in Argininosuccinate Synthetase 1-Deficient Recurrent High-grade Glioma (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Kaplan Meier plots for PFS and OS&lt;/p&gt;
An Enhanced Change Modes and Effects Analysis (CMEA) Tool for Measuring Product Flexibility With Applications to Consumer Products (2006)

Contemporary product designers seek to create products that are not only robust for the current marketplace but also flexible for future changes, adaptations, and evolutions. This type of product flexibility is distinctive from mass customization, product architecture of singular products, and product families. The intent is to design products that intrinsically enable future changes even though such changes may not be known or planned in the current product offering. To accommodate product flexibility of this type, research advancements are needed in terms of fundamental design principles and evaluation methods for predicting and improving the flexibility of a product. This paper presents advancements in both areas. We first present the systematic enhancement of a flexibility assessment tool referred to as CMEA, Change Modes and Effects Analysis. CMEA provides the basic ability to assess the flexibility of a product, with analogous features to the well-known Failure Modes and Effects Analysis. Our enhancements extend the method to provide for intuitive and more repeatable measures of flexibility. We then use the enhanced CMEA to investigate a variety of consumer products with the goal of inductively deriving product flexibility principles. Concrete applications are shown for these principles from the domain of power yard tools, such as hedge trimmers, weed trimmers, and leaf blowers. Also, the applications are used to demonstrate the value of the CMEA enhancements.
Simulating situational awareness with User-Defined Operating Picture (UDOP) devices using rules (2011)

The Network-Centric Warfare paradigm provides Ground Soldiers in the U.S. Army with large amounts of information needed to maintain situational awareness and perform successfully in the field. Current information interfaces lack a targeted operational focus and provide a broad superset of data, which results in Ground Soldiers becoming overloaded by extraneous or non-critical information. To address this issue, the U.S. Army is developing User-Defined Operational Picture (UDOP) technology that manages incoming information to maximize Soldier effectiveness. However, many simulation-based analysis tools do not currently provide a means of modeling UDOPs and their effect on Soldier performance, and new modeling and simulation technologies are needed to address this gap. This work presents a method for modeling and simulation of simulated Soldier situational awareness in a constructive simulation based on simulated UDOP capability and known limits of human information processing. We present the modeling of UDOP capability and Soldier decision making through rules, and discuss the advantages and disadvantages of this approach, including verification and validation, computational performance, transition to operational UDOP devices, and ease of modeling.
The PTEN phosphatase functions cooperatively with the Fanconi anemia proteins in DNA crosslink repair (2016)

Fanconi anemia (FA) is a genetic disease characterized by bone marrow failure and increased cancer risk. The FA proteins function primarily in DNA interstrand crosslink (ICL) repair. Here, we have examined the role of the PTEN phosphatase in this process. We have established that PTEN-deficient cells, like FA cells, exhibit increased cytotoxicity, chromosome structural aberrations, and error-prone mutagenic DNA repair following exposure to ICL-inducing agents. The increased ICL sensitivity of PTEN-deficient cells is caused, in part, by elevated PLK1 kinase-mediated phosphorylation of FANCM, constitutive FANCM polyubiquitination and degradation, and the consequent inefficient assembly of the FA core complex, FANCD2, and FANCI into DNA repair foci. We also establish that PTEN function in ICL repair is dependent on its protein phosphatase activity and ability to be SUMOylated, yet is independent of its lipid phosphatase activity. Finally, via epistasis analysis, we demonstrate that PTEN and FANCD2 function cooperatively in ICL repair.
Borylierung von Arylsilanen, III Reaktionen silylierter Biphenyle und 9H‐9‐Silafluorene mit Tribromboran (1987)

Abstract Von den silylierten Biphenylen reagieren das 3‐( 7 ) und die 4‐bzw. 4,4′‐Isomeren ( 8, 18 ) mit Tribromboran ( 9 ) glatt unter Ersatz der Trimethylsilygruppen zu den Aryldibromboranen 10, 11 und 19 , während bei dem 2‐( 12 ) bzw. 2,2′‐Isomeren ( 4 ) lösungsmittelabhängig überwiegend Methylabspaltung unter Bildung von 14 bzw. 20 eintritt. Das Silafluoren 15 regiert mit 9 dagegen ausschließlich zum Dibenzoborol 16 . Die Umsetzung des 2,2′,3,3′‐tetrakissilylierten Biphenyls 6 mit 9 führt zuerst zu dem zweifach silylierten Silafluoren 21 , dann jedoch unter zweifacher Methylabspaltung zu 22 , da die zentrale Dimethylsilyleneinheit für einen Austausch sterisch zu sehr abgeschirmt ist. 22 ist ein geeigneter Baustein zum Aufbau von Oligosilacyclen.
ChemInform Abstract: Remote Control of Diels—Alder Additions. Enantioselective Synthesis of (2R)‐1,2,3,4‐Tetrahydro‐2‐hydroxy‐5,8‐dimethoxynaphthalen‐2‐yl Methyl Ketone (Wong′s Anthracycline Intermediate) from Furfural. (1998)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Synchrotron X-Ray diffraction analysis of cyclic deformation behaviour of thin gold films (2011)

Innovative micro-optical sensors involve metallic thin films deposited on polymer substrates. In the present study, we investigate in detail the state of macroscopic and microscopic stress that exists within thin gold films on polycarbonate substrate after deposition, and the evolution of these stresses during reversed in situ tensile testing and as a consequence of fatigue cycling.
Cyanine Borate Salts that Form Penetrated Ion Pairs in Benzene Solution: Synthesis, Properties, and Structure (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCyanine Borate Salts that Form Penetrated Ion Pairs in Benzene Solution: Synthesis, Properties, and StructureSean Murphy, Xiquiang Yang, and Gary B. SchusterCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1995, 60, 8, 2411–2422Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00113a022https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00113a022research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1571Altmetric-Citations71LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Static and ELF magnetic fields induce tumor growth inhibition and apoptosis (2001)

The ability of static and extremely low frequency (ELF) Magnetic Fields (MF) to interfere with neoplastic cell function has been evaluated. In vitro experiments were carried out to study the role of MF characteristics (intensity, frequency, and modulation) on two transformed cell lines (WiDr human colon adenocarcinoma and MCF-7 human breast adenocarcinoma) and one nontransformed cell line (MRC-5 embryonal lung fibroblast). Increase in cell death morphologically consistent with apoptosis was reported exclusively in the two transformed cell lines. Cell-death induction was observed with MF of more than 1 mT. It was independent of the MF frequency and increased when modulated MF (static with a superimposition of ELF at 50 Hz) were used. Based on the in vitro results, four different MF exposure characteristics were selected and used to treat nude mice xenografted with WiDr cells. The treatment of nude mice bearing WiDr tumors subcutaneously. with daily exposure for 70 min to MF for 4 weeks caused significant tumor growth inhibition (up to 50%) by the end of the treatment when modulated MF were used for at least 60% of the whole treatment period and the time-averaged total MF intensity was higher than 3.59 mT. No toxic morphological changes induced by exposure were observed in renewing, slowly proliferating, or static normal cells. A discussion on the possible biophysical mechanism at the base of the observed biological results is also offered.
Optimizing the automatic segmentation of the left ventricle in magnetic resonance images (2005)

Automatic segmentation of the left ventricular (LV) myocardial borders in cardiovascular MR (CMR) images allows a significant speed-up of the procedure of quantifying LV function, and improves its reproducibility. The automated boundary delineation is usually based on a set of parameters that define the algorithms. Since the automatic segmentation algorithms are usually sensitive to the image quality and frequently depend heavily on the acquisition protocol, optimizing the parameters of the algorithm for such different protocols may be necessary to obtain optimal results. In other words, using a default set of parameters may be far from optimal for different scanners or protocols. For the MASS-software, for example, this means that a total of 14 parameters need to be optimized. This optimization is a difficult and labor-intensive process. To be able to more consistently and rapidly tune the parameters, an automated optimization system would be extremely desirable. In this paper we propose such an approach, which is based on genetic algorithms (GAs). The GA is an unsupervised iterative tool that generates new sets of parameters and converges toward an optimal set. We implemented and compared two different types of the genetic algorithms: a simple GA (SGA) and a steady state GA (2SGA). The difference between these two algorithms lies in the characteristics of the generated populations: "nonoverlapping populations" and "overlapping populations," respectively "nonoverlapping" population means that the two populations are disjoint, and "overlapping" means that the best parameters found in the previous generation are included in the present population. The performance of both algorithms was evaluated on twenty routinely obtained short-axis examinations (eleven examinations acquired with a steady-state free precession pulse sequence, and nine examinations with a gradient echo pulse sequence). The optimal parameters obtained with the GAs were used for the LV myocardial border delineation. Finally, the automatically outlined contours were compared to the gold standard--manually drawn contours by experts. The result of the comparison was expressed as a degree of similarity after a processing time of less than 72 h to a 59.5% of degree of similarity for SGA and a 66.7% of degree of similarity for 2SGA. In conclusion, genetic algorithms are very suitable to automatically tune the parameters of a border detection algorithm. Based on our data, the 2SGA was more suitable than the SGA method. This approach can be generalized to other optimization problems in medical image processing.
Band selection in hyperspectral images using artificial neural networks (2018)

Hyperspectral images (HSIs) are capable of providing a detailed spectral information about scenes or objects under analysis. It is possible thanks to both numerous and contiguous bands contained in such images. Given that di_erent materials have distinct spectral signatures, objects that have similar colors and shape can be distinguished in the spectral domain that goes beyond the visual range. However, in a pattern recognition system, the huge amount of data contained in HSIs may pose problems in terms of data storage and transmission. Also, the high dimensionality of hyperspectral images can cause the overfitting of the classifer in case of insufficient training data. One way to solve such problems is to perform band selection(BS) in HSIs, because it decreases the size of the dataset while keeping both useful and original information. In this thesis, we propose three different band selection frameworks. The first one is a supervised one, and it is designed to use only 20% of the available training data. For each class in the dataset, a binary one-versus-all classification using a single-layer neural network is performed, and the bands linked to the largest and smallest coefficients of the resulting hyperplane are selected. During this process, the most correlated bands with the bands already selected are automatically discarded, following a procedure also proposed in this thesis. Consequently, the proposed method may be seen as a classoriented band selection approach, allowing a BS criterion that meets the needs of each class. The second method we propose is an unsupervised version of the first framework. Instead of using the class information, the K-Means algorithm is used to perform successive binary clustering of the dataset. For each pair of clusters, a single-layer neural network is used to find the separating hyperplane, then the selection of bands is done as previously described. For the third proposed BS framework, we take advantage of the unsupervised nature of autoencoders. During the training phase, the input vector is subjected to masking Noise - some positions of this vector are randomly flipped to zero and the reconstruction error is calculated based on the uncorrupted input vector. The bigger the error, the more important the masked features are. Thus, at the end, it is possible to have a ranking of the spectral bands of the dataset.
Comparison of Spectra Using a Bayesian Approach. An Argument Using Oil Spills as an Example (2004)

The problem of assigning a probability of matching a number of spectra is addressed. The context is in environmental spills when an EPA needs to show that the material from a polluting spill (e.g., oil) is likely to have originated at a particular site (factory, refinery) or from a vehicle (road tanker or ship). Samples are taken from the spill, and candidate sources and are analyzed by spectroscopy (IR, fluorescence) or chromatography (GC or GC/MS). A matching algorithm is applied to pairs of spectra giving a single statistic (R). This can be a point-to-point match giving a correlation coefficient or a Euclidean distance or a derivative of these parameters. The distributions of R for same and different samples are established from existing data. For matching statistics with values in the range {0,1} corresponding to no match (0) to a perfect match (1) a beta distribution can be fitted to most data. The values of R from the match of the spectrum of a spilled oil and of each of a number of suspects are calculated and Bayes' theorem is applied to give a probability of matches between spill sample and each candidate and the probability of no match at all. The method is most effective when simple inspection of the matching parameters does not lead to an obvious conclusion; i.e., there is overlap of the distributions giving rise to dubiety of an assignment. The probability of finding a matching statistic if there were a match to the probability of finding it if there were no match, expressed as a ratio (called the likelihood ratio), is a sensitive and useful parameter to guide the analyst. It is proposed that this approach may be acceptable to a court of law and avoid challenges of apparently subjective opinion of an analyst. Examples of matching the fluorescence and infrared spectra of diesel oils are given.
Estrogen Receptor β Inhibits Angiogenesis and Growth of T47D Breast Cancer Xenografts (2006)

Estrogens, which are stimulators of growth of both the normal breast and malignant breast, mediate their effects through two estrogen receptors (ER), namely ERalpha and ERbeta. ERalpha mediates the proliferative effect of estrogen in breast cancer cells, whereas ERbeta seems to be antiproliferative. We engineered ERalpha-positive T47D breast cancer cells to express ERbeta in a Tet-Off-regulated manner. These cells were then injected orthotopically into severe combined immunodeficient mice, and the growth of the resulting tumors was compared with tumors resulting from injecting the parental T47D cells that do not express ERbeta. The presence of ERbeta resulted in a reduction in tumor growth. Comparison of the ERbeta-expressing and non-ERbeta-expressing tumors revealed that the expression of ERbeta caused a reduction in the number of intratumoral blood vessels and a decrease in expression of the proangiogenic factors vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and platelet-derived growth factor beta (PDGFbeta). In cell culture, with the Tet-Off-regulated ERbeta-expressing cells, expression of ERbeta decreased expression of VEGF and PDGFbeta mRNA under normoxic as well as hypoxic conditions and reduced secreted VEGF and PDGFbeta proteins in cell culture medium. Transient transfection assays with 1,026 bp VEGF and 1,006 bp PDGFbeta promoter constructs revealed a repressive effect of ERbeta at the promoter level of these genes. Taken together, these data show that introduction of ERbeta into malignant cells inhibits their growth and prevents tumor expansion by inhibiting angiogenesis.
Coulomb blockade devices fabricated by liquid metal ion source droplet deposition (1998)

The fabrication of two-dimensional multiple tunnel junction (MTJ) devices by deposition of Au droplets from a liquid metal ion source is reported. By adjusting the emission parameters of the source and the final landing voltage of the droplets we have been able to deposit 1 nm size islands with a good reproducibility and with a sufficient density to allow tunneling between islands. Our devices exhibit a Coulomb gap up to a temperature of 200 K and show nonlinear current–voltage characteristics up to room temperature. The thermal behavior of these devices was investigated and shows the absence of a Kosterlitz–Thouless–Berezenskii transition. The charging energy of the islands is as high as 240 meV opening interesting perspectives for the integration of these MTJ devices in single electron memory cells working at high temperature.
Antrieb für mikromechanische Scannerspiegel (1999)

S.54-58
Synthesis And Catabolism Of Human Prothrombin And Pivka-II (1981)

The synthesis and catabolism of both prothrombin and PIVKA-II were studied in patients with stable stage of various thromboembolic disorders. Laboratory examinations revealed that their hemostatic and fibrinolytic activities were within normal range. Thirty mg of warfarin was administered orally to patients, which was followed by daily U to 8 mg of warfarin to maintain one stage prothrombin time in therapeutic range. Fifty mg of vitamin K was administered intravenously to these anticoagulated patients. PIVKA-II was determined as prothrombin related antigen in the BaSO^ adsorbed plasma by the method of Ganrot using anti-human prothrombin antibody. After the administration of 30 mg of warfarin, prothrombin clotting activity(FII:C) decreased exponentialy with the half life(T 1/2) of 74 hrs on an average. Rapid increase of PIVKA-II was observed in the early phase of warfarin administration, though in the later phase an increasing tendency slowed down. The changes of PIVKA-II in the early phase could be analyzed easier by following up the changes in the value of (100 - PIVKA-II activity)%. As the progress of time after the administration of warfarin, their values decreased exponentialy with the T 1/2 of 64 hrs on an average. After the administration of vitamin K, FII:C increased rapidly in the initial phase, then slowly returned to normal level. Similarly to the case of PIVKA-II after the administration of warfarin , values of (100 - FII:C activity)% decreased exponentialy with the T 1/2 of 45 hrs on an average. PIVKA-II decreased rapidly after the administration of vitamin K, describing exponential curve with the T 1/2 of 40 hrs on an average. From the results described above, it is suggested that the catabolism of PIVKA-II is much more faster than that of FII:C.
Grain boundary energies and cohesive strength as a function of geometry (2008)

Cohesive laws are stress-strain curves used in finite element calculations to describe the debonding of interfaces such as grain boundaries. It would be convenient to describe grain boundary cohesive laws as a function of the parameters needed to describe the grain boundary geometry; two parameters in two dimensions and five parameters in three dimensions. However, we find that the cohesive law is not a smooth function of these parameters. In fact, it is discontinuous at geometries for which the two grains have repeat distances that are rational with respect to one another. Using atomistic simulations, we extract grain boundary energies and cohesive laws of grain boundary fracture in two dimensions with a Lennard-Jones potential for all possible geometries which can be simulated within periodic boundary conditions with a maximum box size. We introduce a model where grain boundaries are represented as high symmetry boundaries decorated by extra dislocations. Using it, we develop a functional form for the symmetric grain boundary energies, which have cusps at all high symmetry angles. We also find the asymptotic form of the fracture toughness near the discontinuities at high symmetry grain boundaries using our dislocation decoration model.