gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effects of DPCD on Enzymes (2012)

The number of studies on enzyme inactivation by pressurized CO2 is increasing, especially in fruit and vegetable juice processing, where enzymes cause quality deterioration if not inactivated. Among these enzymes, pectinesterase causes cloud loss in some fruit juices; polyphenol oxidase causes undesirable browning in fruits, vegetables, juices, and some seafoods; lypoxygenase causes chlorophyll destruction and off-flavor development in frozen vegetables; and peroxidase has an important role in the discoloration of foods, and is used as an index of heat treatment efficacy in fruit and vegetable processing. Carbon dioxide, at atmospheric pressure or under higher pressure, can affect the activity of some enzymes. This effect can be an increase or a decrease depending on the enzyme and on the treatment conditions. Enzyme inactivation by high-pressure CO2 can be related to many causes such as pH lowering, conformational changes of the enzyme, and inhibitory effects of molecular CO2 on enzyme activity. The aim of the present chapter is to discuss the effect of the DPCD treatment on different enzyme classes such as lipases, phosphatases, dehydrogenases, oxidases, amylases, and others in a way to define the factors (e.g., enzyme species, water content in the solution, and pressure and temperature of the treatment system) influencing the stability and activity of enzymes exposed to pressurized CO2.
Intrafamilial clinical variability in individuals carrying theCHCHD10mutation Gly66Val (2015)

Our data demonstrate that even within the same family, the p.Gly66Val variant can cause variable phenotypes ranging from CMT2-type axonal neuropathy to spinal muscular atrophy, which may also present as an ALS-like disease. The spectrum of CHCHD10-related neuromuscular disease has widened rapidly, and we recommend keeping the threshold for genetic testing low particularly when dominant inheritance or mitochondrial pathology is present.
Influence of betahistine dihydrochloride and antihypertensive medication combination on neurological status and quality of life in patients with stable arterial hypertension and vertigo (2006)

Aim. To assess the effects of combined lisinopril and betahistine dihydrochloride (Betaserc®) therapy on quality of life (QoL) and neurological status in patients with stable, mild to moderate arterial hypertension (AH) and vertigo. Material and methods. This randomized, cross-over, placebo-controlled study included 67 patients with stable, mild to moderate AH, Stage I-II, Risk 2-3 (20% of males, 80% of females). After two-week medication-free period, all participants were randomized into lisinopril or lisinopril plus Betaserc® groups. After one-month therapy and two-week washout period, patients moved to another group. Twenty-four-hour blood pressure monitoring (BPM), and QoL assessment were performed before and after each therapy course, neurological status was assessed after first course only Results. Both therapy schemes had similar antihypertensive effects on 24-hour BPM main parameters. Lisinopril monotherapy and combined treatment were both associated with neurological status improvement. But only in patients taking lisinopril and Betaserc®, the results of most remote point test increased significantly. During lisinopril therapy, QoL parameters improved for scales on physical health self-esteem, workability, and positive psychological health self-esteem. Combined therapy was associated with improvement in scales on physical health self-esteem, workability, positive and negative psychological health self-esteem, social contact openness. Conclusion. Lisinopril monotherapy and combined Betaserc® and lisinopril therapy had similar antihypertensive effect. Сombined therapy improved QoL better than lisinopril monotherapy. In Stable AH patients, vertigo was typically caused by chronic bilateral pathology of vestibular system.
Memantine Rescues Transient Cognitive Impairment Caused by High-Molecular-Weight A Oligomers But Not the Persistent Impairment Induced by Low-Molecular-Weight Oligomers (2013)

Brain accumulation of soluble amyloid-β oligomers (AβOs) has been implicated in synapse failure and cognitive impairment in Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, whether and how oligomers of different sizes induce synapse dysfunction is a matter of controversy. Here, we report that low-molecular-weight (LMW) and high-molecular-weight (HMW) Aβ oligomers differentially impact synapses and memory. A single intracerebroventricular injection of LMW AβOs (10 pmol) induced rapid and persistent cognitive impairment in mice. On the other hand, memory deficit induced by HMW AβOs (10 pmol) was found to be reversible. While memory impairment in LMW oligomer-injected mice was associated with decreased hippocampal synaptophysin and GluN2B immunoreactivities, synaptic pathology was not detected in the hippocampi of HMW oligomer-injected mice. On the other hand, HMW oligomers, but not LMW oligomers, induced oxidative stress in hippocampal neurons. Memantine rescued both neuronal oxidative stress and the transient memory impairment caused by HMW oligomers, but did not prevent the persistent cognitive deficit induced by LMW oligomers. Results establish that different Aβ oligomer assemblies act in an orchestrated manner, inducing different pathologies and leading to synapse dysfunction. Furthermore, results suggest a mechanistic explanation for the limited efficacy of memantine in preventing memory loss in AD.
854 Gb/s Superchannel InP Transmitter and Receiver Photonic Integrated Circuits utilizing Real-Time Detection of PM-8QAM (2012)

We demonstrate 854.4 Gb/s, polarization multiplexed 8QAM, superchannel monolithic InP transmitter and receiver photonic integrated circuits (10 wavelengths at 14.24 Gbaud) with real-time detection, using coherent ASICs.
Semantic inference at the lexical-syntactic level (2007)

Semantic inference is an important component in many natural language understanding applications. Classi-cal approaches to semantic inference rely on complex logical representations. However, practical applications usually adopt shallower lexical or lexical-syntactic rep-resentations, but lack a principled inference framework. We propose a generic semantic inference framework that operates directly on syntactic trees. New trees are inferred by applying entailment rules, which provide a unified representation for varying types of inferences. Rules were generated by manual and automatic meth-ods, covering generic linguistic structures as well as specific lexical-based inferences. Initial empirical eval-uation in a Relation Extraction setting supports the va-lidity of our approach.
Reconstructing audio signals from modified non-coherent hilbert envelopes (2007)

In this paper, we present a speech and audio analysis-synthesis method based on a Basilar Membrane (BM) model. The audio signal is represented in this method by the Hilbert envelopes of the responses to complex gammatone filters uniformally spaced on a critical band scale. We show that for speech and audio signals, a perceptually equivalent signal can be reconstructed from the envelopes alone by an iterative procedure that estimates the associated carrier for the envelopes. The rate requirement of the envelope information is reduced by low-pass filtering and sampling, and it is shown that it is possible to recover a signal without audible distortion from the sampled envelopes. This may lead to improved perceptual coding methods. Index Terms: speech and audio coding, auditory representation, auditory model inversion
Calculated DNA Damage from Gadolinium Auger Electrons and Relation to Dose Distributions in a Head Phantom (2004)

The number of DSB from the background radiation components is one order of magnitude lower than the Gd Auger electron induced DSB. The cell survival of mammalian cell lines with a similar amount of complex DSB induced from incorporated 125I decay yield one to two magnitudes of cell killing. These two points indicate that gadolinium auger electrons could significantly contribute to cell killing in GdNCT.
Sequential events in the pathogenesis of streptococcal cell wall-induced arthritis and their modulation by bis(5-amidino-2-benzimidazolyl)methane (BABIM). (2020)

This report builds on the authors' earlier discovery of bis(5-amidino-2-benzimidazolyl)methane (BABIM) as a strong suppressive agent for streptococcal cell wall fragment-induced arthritis in the Lewis rat. As a synthetic inhibitor of trypsinlike proteases, BABIM opens up a new route to the control of inflammatory joint disease. To gain a deeper insight into the function of the compound, the authors have now studied its influence on the sequential development of the joint changes and the associated lesions in spleen and liver. Bis(5-amidino-2-benzimidazolyl)methane is shown to block acute synovitis, to retard and reduce granuloma formation in spleen and liver, to decrease neutrophilic leukocytosis, and to diminish hemopoietic hyperplasia in the bone, and thus also to mitigate the distinctive osteoclastic and chondroclastic events. The compound does not interfere with the splenic immune response, the temporary rise in hepatocytic mitotic activity, or the organ deposition of streptococcal cell walls.
Circular Ultrasound Compounding by Designed (2006)

Spatial compounding is an imaging technique that aims to improve image contrast by combining partially decor- related images acquired at different angles or positions. In conventional spatial compounding, data sets are combined with equal weighting. Here, we describe an alternative method of reconstruction using algorithms which weight the data based on a matrix. The quality matrix is derived from beamforming characteristics. For each data set, the reliability of the data is as- sumed to vary spatially. By compounding the data based on the quality matrix, a complete image is formed. Here, we describe the construction of a rotational translation stage and tissue-mimicking phantoms that are used in conjunction with a commercial medical ultrasound machine to test our reconstruction algorithms. The new algorithms were found to increase the contrast-to-speckle ratio of simulated cysts and tumors by 61% from raw data, and to significantly increase edge definition of small embedded targets. The new method shows promise as a computationally efficient method of improving contrast and resolution in ultrasound im- ages. The method should be particularly useful in breast imaging, where images from multiple angles can be acquired without interference from bone or air.
Inhibitory Effects of Carbamazepine on Clonidine-Induced Aggressive Behavior in Mice (1988)

A behavioral study was made of the effect of carbamazepine (CBZ) on aggressive behavior evoked by high dose of clonidine in mice. This aggressive behavior has been reported to involve blockade of central adenosine receptors with which CBZ has been suggested to interact. After a single injection of clonidine (50 mg/kg i.p.), aggressive responses such as attacking and biting began within 5-10 min, were most marked at 20 min and usually ceased within 60 min. This behavior was attenuated by CBZ (45 mg/kg i.p.) but potentiated by caffeine (20 mg/kg i.p.). In addition, it was markedly inhibited by haloperidol (1.0 mg/kg i.p.), but unaffected by prazosin (1.5 mg/kg i.p.) and yohimbine (1.0 mg/kg i.p.). The inhibitory effect of CBZ on the aggressive behavior was dose-dependent at doses ranging from 15 to 60 mg/kg, while a high dose of CBZ alone induced sedation. The stimulatory effect of caffeine on the aggressive behavior was antagonized by pretreatment with CBZ (50 mg/kg i.p.). These results suggest that the receptor involved in clonidine-induced aggressive behavior was not mediated through the alpha-2 adrenoreceptor, but rather the adenosine receptor, and that the effect of carbamazepine on the adenosine receptor was agonistic in contrast with the effect of caffeine (an adenosine antagonist).
Synthesis and NMR studies of ruthenium(II) mercaptopurine riboside complexes. X-Ray structure of bis(9-β-D-ribofuranosyl-6-rnercaptopurine)bis-(triphenylphosphine)ruthenium(II) chloride (1993)

The first X-ray structure of a ruthenium-nucleoside compound and the first structure of a 6-mercaptopurine riboside complex with any metal was obtained with one of several RuII-6-mercaptopurine nucleoside complexes prepared from [RuIICl2(PPh3)3]; namely, bis(9-β-D-ribofuranosyl-6-mercaptopurine)bis(triphenylphosphine)ruthenium(II) chloride (C56H59.5Cl2N8O10.75P2RuS2).
Dose and time dependencies of 5-fluorouracil pharmacokinetics (2000)

The pharmacokinetic parameters obtained in this study would be useful to predict the 5-fluorouracil plasma concentrations following other schedules of administration of 5-fluorouracil and to study the possible pharmacokinetic interactions between 5-fluorouracil and other drugs.
Oligodendrocyte Generation Is Differentially Influenced by Toll-Like Receptor (TLR) 2 and TLR4-Mediated Intraspinal Macrophage Activation (2007)

Oligodendrocytes are vulnerable to CNS injury and disease. Because oligodendrocytes myelinate CNS axons, their death leads to demyelination and impaired axon conductance, which in turn contribute to neurologic deficits. Replacing oligodendrocytes requires proliferation and differentiation of endogenous NG2+ progenitor cells, a process that can be potently influenced by activated macrophages, which are present in most CNS pathologies. To examine the relationship between oligodendrocyte generation and macrophage activation in vivo, we compared the extent of oligodendrocyte loss and NG2 cell proliferation and differentiation after intraspinal microinjection of lipopolysaccharide (a Toll-like receptor-4 agonist) or zymosan (Toll-like receptor-2 agonist) in rats. Controls included injecting vehicle (sterile PBS; negative control) or lysolecithin (positive control for NG2 cell proliferation and oligodendrocyte differentiation). By 14 days postinjection, lipopolysaccharide injection sites displayed a sigficant rise in NG2 cell proliferation and oligodendrocyte differentiation, which exceeded that in vehicle and lysolecithin injections. Additionally, upregulated ciliary neurotrophic factor expression was present in lipopolysaccharide lesions. In contrast, zymosan-activated macrophages produced complete oligodendrocyte loss without stimulating NG2 cell proliferation, oligodendrocyte replacement, or ciliary neurotrophic factor expression. Zymosan also evoked a delayed lesion expansion and primary demyelination of intact myelinated axons around the lesions. These results clearly delineate the dichotomous potential of macrophage activation for influencing NG2 cell proliferation and oligodendrocyte differentiation. Because endogenous Toll-like receptor ligands are often present in injured CNS tissue, these results shed light on possible mechanisms that restrict oligodendrocyte replacement to specific domains of CNS trauma or disease sites.
Corrosion Detection and Monitoring – a Review (2000)

Abstract Corrosion detection and monitoring are essential diagnostic and prognostic means for preserving material “health” and reducing life-cycle cost of industrial infrastructures, weapon systems, ships, aircraft, ground vehicles, pipelines etc. This paper provides a literature review of technologies currently under use or in the development stage, and promises a non-destructive approach to corrosion measurement, detection and monitoring. A major portion of the lifecycle cost for all platforms and infrastructures is due to labor hours spent in finding the problem and then fixing them with either a major overhaul or extensive part replacement. Knowing where the problem is early on could save up to 30% total ownership cost. It is estimated that U.S. spends over $300 billion in corrosion costs annually. This review is by no means exhaustive, but is comprehensive enough in describing major technology areas such as visual, fiber-optic, ultrasonic, acoustic, radiographic, thermal imaging, electrochemical, chemical, fluorescence and miscellaneous other techniques. It provides numerous references, which would be very helpful in finding the details of each technique described.
A Framework for Packet Selection and Reporting (2008)

This memo provides information for the Internet community. It does not specify an Internet standard of any kind. Distribution of this memo is unlimited. Copyright Notice Copyright (c) 2009 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the document authors. All rights reserved. This document is subject to BCP 78 and the IETF Trust’s Legal Provisions Relating to IETF Documents in effect on the date of publication of this document
Energy spread estimation of radioactive oxygen ion beams using optical imaging (2020)

Radioactive ion (RI) beams combined with in-beam positron emission tomography enable accurate<i>in situ</i>beam range verification in heavy ion therapy. However, the energy spread of the radioactive beams generated as secondary beams is wider than that of conventional stable heavy ion beams which causes Bragg peak region and distal falloff region broadening. Therefore, the energy spread of the RI beams should be measured carefully for their quality control. Here, we proposed an optical imaging technique for the energy spread estimation of radioactive oxygen ion beams. A polymethyl methacrylate phantom (10.0 × 10.0 × 9.9 cm<sup>3</sup>) was irradiated with an<sup>15</sup>O beam (mean energy = 247.7 MeV u<sup>-1</sup>, standard deviation = 6.8 MeV u<sup>-1</sup>) in the Heavy Ion Medical Accelerator in Chiba. Three different momentum acceptances of 1%, 2% and 4% were used to get energy spreads of 1.9 MeV u<sup>-1</sup>, 3.4 MeV u<sup>-1</sup>and 5.5 MeV u<sup>-1</sup>, respectively. The in-beam luminescence light and offline beam Cerenkov light images were acquired with an optical system consisting of a lens and a cooled charge-coupled device camera. To estimate the energy spread of the<sup>15</sup>O ion beams, we proposed three optical parameters: (1) distal-50% falloff length of the prompt luminescence signals; (2) full-width at half maximum of the Cerenkov light signals in the beam direction; and (3) positional difference between the peaks of the Cerenkov light and the luminescence signals. These parameters estimated the energy spread with the respective mean squared errors of 2.52 × 10<sup>-3</sup>MeV u<sup>-1</sup>, 5.91 × 10<sup>-3</sup>MeV u<sup>-1</sup>, and 0.182 MeV u<sup>-1</sup>. The distal-50% falloff length of the luminescence signals provided the lowest mean squared error among the optical parameters. From the findings, we concluded optical imaging using luminescence and Cerenkov light signals offers an accurate energy spread estimation of<sup>15</sup>O ion beams. In the future, the proposed optical parameters will be used for energy spread estimation of other RI beams as well as stable ion beams.
The Elongation, Termination, and Recycling Phases of Translation in Eukaryotes (2012)

This work summarizes our current understanding of the elongation and termination/recycling phases of eukaryotic protein synthesis. We focus here on recent advances in the field. In addition to an overview of translation elongation, we discuss unique aspects of eukaryotic translation elongation including eEF1 recycling, eEF2 modification, and eEF3 and eIF5A function. Likewise, we highlight the function of the eukaryotic release factors eRF1 and eRF3 in translation termination, and the functions of ABCE1/Rli1, the Dom34:Hbs1 complex, and Ligatin (eIF2D) in ribosome recycling. Finally, we present some of the key questions in translation elongation, termination, and recycling that remain to be answered.
Solution phase synthesis of magnesium hydroxide sulfate hydrate nanoribbons (2004)

Magnesium hydroxide sulfate hydrate nanoribbons have been synthesized by a solution-phase approach, which is based on the treatment of freshly precipitated magnesium hydroxide in an alcohol–water solution containing high concentrations of magnesium sulfate. These nanoribbons had typical lengths up to the micrometre range, widths of 60–300 nm, and thicknesses of 16–50 nm.
Influence of the electron field emission on the magnetized direct current high-pressure discharge (2022)

The influence of electron field emission on the sub-normal mode of a magnetized direct current high-pressure helium discharge is analyzed using the two-dimensional axisymmetric fluid model. It is observed that in spite of accounting for a more intense electron emission mechanism, discharge still operates in the sub-normal mode. However, the field emission driven discharge is characterized by a smaller discharge voltage and a larger discharge current. For large values of the electric field enhancement factor, the discharge voltage can be as low as ∼40 V, and the discharge current is a few amperes. It is also seen that for large values of the field enhancement factor and small values of the ballast resistor, rather dense plasma (density ∼ 1017 m−3) can be generated on the nanosecond time scale.
Structural stability of electrosprayed proteins: temperature and hydration effects (2009)

Electrospray ionization is a gentle method for sample delivery, routinely used in gas-phase studies of proteins. It is crucial for structural investigations that the protein structure is preserved, and a good understanding of how structure is affected by the transition to the gas phase is needed for the tuning of experiments to meet that requirement. Small amounts of residual solvent have been shown to protect the protein, but temperature is important too, although it is not well understood how the latter affects structural details. Using molecular dynamics we have simulated four sparingly hydrated globular proteins (Trp-cage; Ctf, a C-terminal fragment of a bacterial ribosomal protein; ubiquitin; and lysozyme) in vacuum starting at temperatures ranging from 225 K to 425 K. For three of the proteins, our simulations show that a water layer corresponding to 3 A preserves the protein structure in vacuum, up to starting temperatures of 425 K. Only Ctf shows minor secondary structural changes at lower starting temperatures. The structural conservation stems mainly from interactions with the surrounding water. Temperature scales in simulations are not directly translatable into experiments, but the wide temperature range in which we find the proteins to be stable is reassuring for the success of future single particle imaging experiments. The water molecules aggregate in clusters and form patterns on the protein surface, maintaining a reproducible hydrogen bonding network. The simulations were performed mainly using OPLS-AA/L, with cross checks using AMBER03 and GROMOS96 53a6. Only minor differences between the results from the three different force fields were observed.
Defect Structure and Transport Properties of Ni–SrCeO[sub 3−δ] Cermet for Hydrogen Separation Membrane (2005)

Research on hydrogen separation membranes is motivated by the increasing demand for an environmentally benign, inexpensive technology for separating hydrogen from gas mixtures. Although most studies of hydrogen separation membranes have focused on proton-conducting oxides by themselves, the addition of metal to these oxides increases their hydrogen permeability and improves their mechanical stability. This study began by determining hydrogen permeation properties of (SCYb). The results showed that at the investigated temperatures , the hydrogen permeation rate is limited by electron flow. To further enhance hydrogen permeability, a cermet (i.e., ceramic-metal composite) membrane was made by adding Ni to the SCYb. At , with 20% /balance He as a feed gas , the hydrogen permeation rate was for -thick Ni/SCYb and for SCYb ( thick). The dependence of hydrogen permeability on temperature and hydrogen partial-pressure gradients was also determined. The proton conductivity ( conductivity) was extracted from the dependence of hydrogen permeability on hydrogen potential gradients. The results demonstrate that adding Ni to SCYb considerably increases its hydrogen permeability by increasing its electron conductivity.