gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Molecular Genotyping of a Large, Multicentric Collection of Tubercle Bacilli Indicates Geographical Partitioning of Strain Variation and Has Implications for Global Epidemiology of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (2004)

Tuberculosis continues to be a major killer disease, despite an all-out effort launched against it in the postgenomic era. We describe here the population structure of Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains, as revealed by a chromosome-wide scan of fluorescent amplified fragment length polymorphisms (FAFLPs), for more than 1,100 independent isolates from 11 different countries. The bacterial strains were genotyped based on a total of 136 +/- 1 different FAFLP markers at the genome sequence interface, with details on IS6110 profiles, drug resistance status, clinicopathological observations, and host status integrated into the analysis process. The strains were found to cluster with possible geographic affinities, including the parameters of host species type, IS6110 profile, and drug susceptibility status. Of the five most commonly amplified fragment sets (or amplitypes), type A predominated in strains of mixed origin, deposited in The Netherlands; type B was exclusively observed for Indian isolates; type C was found mainly in strains from Peru and Australia; and types D and E predominated in European strains from France and Italy. The amplitypes were independent of certain large sequence polymorphisms representing two important deletions, TbD1 and Rd9. It appears that M. tuberculosis has a high genomic diversity with a possible geographic evolution. This may have occurred due to specific genomic deletions and synonymous substitutions selected rigorously against host defenses and environmental stresses on an evolutionary timescale. The genotypic data reported here are additionally significant for genotype-phenotype correlations and for determining whether pathogen diversity is a reflection f the host population diversity.
Modeling Revealed and Stated Pretrip Travel Response to Advanced Traveler Information Systems (1996)

Advanced traveler information systems (ATISs) offer benefits to travelers and may improve transportation system performance in congested areas. An understanding of how information affects travelers' decisions can help in evaluating benefits and designing demand management strategies. The objective of the present study was to explore how people deal with unexpected congestion during the pretrip stage and how they might respond to ATISs. Travelers' routes, departure times, and mode selection decisions were investigated through a survey of Bay Area automobile commuters. The effects of various factors such as sources of congestion information (radio traffic reports versus observation), trip characteristics, and route attributes on travelers' responses to unexpected congestion were examined. The pretrip response to future ATIS technologies was explored through stated preferences (hypothetical scenarios). A combined reported preference and stated preference model of traveler response was developed by using the multinomial logit formulation. The estimations indicate that travel time and information are important determinants of changes in travel decisions in response to unexpected delays. The model indicates a strong relationship between reported and stated preferences. The results indicate that ATISs overcome behavioral inertia and that individuals are more likely to change their travel patterns in response to prescriptive information. More specific findings and their implications for ATIS design are also discussed.
Plaque Formation by Chlamydia in L Cells (1970)

Chlamydiae were found capable of producing plaques in several cell lines. Mouse fibroblast cells, L-929, proved the most sensitive to infection and yielded plaques of the highest clarity. Assay of chlamydial infectivity by plaque titration was at least as sensitive as egg ld(50) determination. Among chlamydial isolates of avian, mammalian, and human origin, only slow-growing trachoma-inclusion-conjunctivitis agents did not produce plaques. The plaque assay is highly sensitive, reproducible, and offers a potential tool for investigations requiring accurate measurement of small changes in chlamydial infectivity.
Tunnelling anisotropic magnetoresistance at La0.67Sr0.33MnO3-graphene interfaces (2016)

Using ferromagnetic La0.67Sr0.33MnO3 electrodes bridged by single-layer graphene, we observe magnetoresistive changes of ∼32–35 MΩ at 5 K. Magneto-optical Kerr effect microscopy at the same temperature reveals that the magnetoresistance arises from in-plane reorientations of electrode magnetization, evidencing tunnelling anisotropic magnetoresistance at the La0.67Sr0.33MnO3-graphene interfaces. Large resistance switching without spin transport through the non-magnetic channel could be attractive for graphene-based magnetic-sensing applications.
Preliminary 3D printing of large inclined-shaped alumina ceramic parts by direct ink writing (2020)

Abstract Three dimensional (3D) printing technology by direct ink writing (DIW) is an innovative complex shaping technology, possessing advantages of flexibility in fabrication, high efficiency, low cost, and environmental-friendliness. Herein, 3D printing of complex alumina ceramic parts via DIW using thermally induced solidification with carrageenan swelling was investigated. The rheological properties of the slurry under different thermally-induced modes were systematically studied. The solidification properties of thermally-induced pastes with varying contents of carrageenan were optimized. The experimental results showed that the optimized paste consisting of 0.4 wt% carrageenan could be rapidly solidified at about 55 °C, which could print inclined-plane more than 60° in vertical without support, resulting in better homogeneity of the green body. A nearly pore-free structure was obtained after sintering at 1600 °C for 2 h.
Qual visualidade para o êxodo em massa? (2020)

A crise migratória de refugiados sírios e iraquianos não escapou da atenção de grandes instituições do fotojornalismo da atualidade. Para além das “obras primas” do fotojornalismo, a iconografia desta crise inclui as “imagens amadoras” realizadas pelos próprios refugiados, conforme os itinerários e as itinerâncias complexas, que desenham uma cartografia movente da migração. São imagens cuja sinceridade e valor demonstrativo inspiraram grandes redes mediáticas (Exodus: nossa jornada à Europa, BBC, 2016), que as consideraram expressões de uma autenticidade redescoberta. Em seguida, certas propostas artísticas se serviram de tecnologias militares capazes de elaborar mapas térmicos dos fluxos migratórios (Richard Mosse, Incoming, 2016), enquanto questionavam o lugar do espectador diante desta forma de exploração visual. Quais topografias da migração estes três modos de produção visual – jornalístico e canônico, amador e diaspórico, militar e artístico – estabelecem? Quais são as operações políticas a se reconhecer em cada um destes regimes representativos? É ao estudo das tópicas, crenças e perspectivas críticas encontradas no seio dessa triangulação visual do êxodo que este artigo se dedica.
367 SELECTIVE STIMULATION OF ENDOTHELIAL CELL PROLIFERATION AND MIGRATION IN VITRO WITH A SMALL MOLECULE. (2004)

Manuscript Submission Guidelines: Journal if Investigative Medicine (JIM) This Journal recommends that authors follow the Recommendations for the Conduct, Reporting, Editing, and Publication of Scholarly Work in Medical Journals formulated by the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE). Please read the guidelines below and then visit the Journal’s submission
Quantitative Changes in the Mitochondrial Proteome from Subjects with Mild Cognitive Impairment, Early Stage, and Late Stage Alzheimer's Disease (2010)

The major barrier to treating or preventing Alzheimer's disease (AD) is its unknown etiology and pathogenesis. Although increasing evidence supports a role for mitochondrial dysfunction in the pathogenesis of AD, there have been few studies that simultaneously evaluate changes in multiple mitochondrial proteins. To evaluate changes in sites of potentially interacting mitochondrial proteins, we applied 2-dimensional liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry and the isotope coded affinity tag method to identify and quantify proteins in mitochondrial enriched fractions isolated from short postmortem interval temporal pole specimens from subjects with mild cognitive impairment (4 subjects pooled), early AD (4 subjects pooled), late-stage AD (8 subjects pooled) and age-matched normal control (7 subjects pooled) subjects. A total of 112 unique, non-redundant proteins were identified and quantified in common to all three stages of disease progression. Overall, patterns of protein change suggest activation of mitochondrial pathways that include proteins responsible for transport and utilization of ATP. These proteins include adenine nucleotide translocase, voltage dependent anion channels, hexokinase, and creatine kinase. Comparison of protein changes throughout the progression of AD suggests the most pronounced changes occur in early AD mitochondria.
A new set of Euler angles for the generalized Lorentz group (1984)

A new set of Euler angles for the generalized Lorentz group O+( p,n−p) are defined, which turn out to be much simpler than the ones defined in a couple of earlier papers, and have the useful property that each factor in the factorization of a general element itself belongs to the same group.
Implementing Predictive Models Within an Electronic Health Record System: Lessons from an External Validation of a Suicide Risk Model (2022)

Over the past 5 years, there has been an increase in the development of EHR-based models for predicting suicidal behaviour. Using the McGinn (2000) framework for creating clinical prediction rules, this study discusses the broad validation of one such predictive model in a context external to its derivation. Along with reporting performance metrics, our paper high-lights five practical challenges that arise when trying to undertake such a project including (i) validation sample sizes, (ii) availability and timeliness of data, (iii) limited or incomplete documentation for predictor variables, (iv) reliance on structured data and (v) differences in the source context of algorithms. We also discuss our study in the context of the current literature.
FBK-irst at CLEF 2007 (2007)

This report presents the outcomes of the activity carried out at FBK-irst for the participation in the CLEF-2007 Main QA track. Both the major improvements over last year’s version of the DIOGENE system, and the results achieved in the evaluation exercise are reported.
Direct in vivo visualization of right cardiac anatomy by fibreoptic endoscopy: observation of radiofrequency-induced acute lesions around the ostium of the coronary sinus (1994)

Current mapping techniques used during electrophysiological study involve catheter placement under fluoroscopic guidance and are associated with prolonged radiation exposure. We considered that direct visualization of right heart anatomy by means of fibreoptic endoscopy could be useful in accurately localizing and guiding the ablation of arrhythmogenic substrates. Our goal was to evaluate the ability of this device to safely and accurately visualize the ostium of the coronary sinus and its vicinity as well as radiofrequency-induced acute lesions. Anaesthetized dogs (n = 4) were studied. Multipolar electrode catheters and a 3.6 mm diameter fibreoptic endoscope with a latex balloon covering the distal tip were inserted into the right atrium. The blood pressure, and surface and intracardiac electrocardiograms were recorded simultaneously. Radiofrequency energy was delivered just inside the coronary sinus ostium or in its vicinity. The acute lesions were carefully observed by endoscopy. Postmortem examination was then performed. With a balloon volume of 7-10 ml, the visual field was 15-20 mm in diameter. The blood pressure was generally stable. The ostium of the coronary sinus and its vicinity were clearly and accurately identified, and catheter placement in the coronary sinus and its vicinity could be achieved under direct vision in all four dogs. Additionally, the process by which acute lesions were created by radiofrequency was also directly visualized in great detail. There was a good concordance between endoscopically observed images and postmortem findings, and there was a strong correlation between delivered energy and the volume of the radiofrequency-induced lesions (r = 0.895).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Cachectin: Its Impact on Metabolism and Nutritional Status (1988)

The objective of this review is to provide an overview of intermittent fasting regimens, summarize the evidence on the health benefits of intermittent fasting, and discuss physiological mechanisms by which intermittent fasting might lead to improved ...Read More
Analysis of a Random Forests Model (2010)

Random forests are a scheme proposed by Leo Breiman in the 2000's for\nbuilding a predictor ensemble with a set of decision trees that grow in\nrandomly selected subspaces of data. Despite growing interest and practical\nuse, there has been little exploration of the statistical properties of random\nforests, and little is known about the mathematical forces driving the\nalgorithm. In this paper, we offer an in-depth analysis of a random forests\nmodel suggested by Breiman in \\cite{Bre04}, which is very close to the original\nalgorithm. We show in particular that the procedure is consistent and adapts to\nsparsity, in the sense that its rate of convergence depends only on the number\nof strong features and not on how many noise variables are present.\n
Distributed Rate Allocation Policies for Multihomed Video Streaming Over Heterogeneous Access Networks (2009)

We consider the problem of rate allocation among multiple simultaneous video streams sharing multiple heterogeneous access networks. We develop and evaluate an analytical framework for optimal rate allocation based on observed available bit rate (ABR) and round-trip time (RTT) over each access network and video distortion-rate (DR) characteristics. The rate allocation is formulated as a convex optimization problem that minimizes the total expected distortion of all video streams. We present a distributed approximation of its solution and compare its performance against H <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">infin</sup> -optimal control and two heuristic schemes based on TCP-style additive-increase-multiplicative-decrease (AIMD) principles. The various rate allocation schemes are evaluated in simulations of multiple high-definition (HD) video streams sharing multiple access networks. Our results demonstrate that, in comparison with heuristic AIMD-based schemes, both media-aware allocation and H <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">infin</sup> -optimal control benefit from proactive congestion avoidance and reduce the average packet loss rate from 45% to below 2%. Improvement in average received video quality ranges between 1.5 to 10.7 dB in PSNR for various background traffic loads and video playout deadlines. Media-aware allocation further exploits its knowledge of the video DR characteristics to achieve a more balanced video quality among all streams.
Rabi oscillations, Ramsey fringes and spin echoes in an electrical circuit (2002)

We present a superconducting tunnel junction circuit which behaves as a controllable atom, and whose ground and first excited state form an effective spin 1/2. By applying microwave pulses, we have performed on this circuit experiments demonstrating the controlled manipulation of the spin : Rabi precession, Ramsey interferences, and spin echoes.
Suppression of renal disease and arthritis, and prolongation of survival in MRL‐lpr mice treated with an extract of tripterygium wilfordii hook F (1992)

TWHf decreases the mortality rate, and severity of glomerulonephritis and arthritis in MRL-lpr/lpr mice.
Treating infertility. Controlled ovarian hyperstimulation using human menopausal gonadotropin in combination with intrauterine insemination. (1996)

HMC and IUI are effective treatment of some causes of infertility.
Attitudes and Practices of New Zealand Anaesthetists with Regard to Epidural and Subarachnoid Anaesthesia (1996)

A survey was conducted among 259 New Zealand specialist anaesthetists to assess attitudes and practices with regard to epidural or subarachnoid anaesthesia (ESA). Ninety-four per cent replied and virtually all of the respondents indicated that they performed ESA at some time. ESA was used by most anaesthetists for most patients undergoing major hip or knee surgery, abdomino-perineal resection, cystectomy, caesarean section or transurethral resection of the prostate, ESA was used is about half of patients undergoing abdominal aortic aneurysm repair, femoro-popliteal bypass or thoracotomy and there was marked variation between anaesthetists in the frequency of using ESA for these procedures. There was broad consensus about the importance of a number of factors that might influence the decision to employ ESA; in particular that systemic sepsis and prolonged bleeding time were important contraindications and that patient preference and chronic lung disease were important indications. However respondents were equally divided as to whether they felt that recent myocardial infarction or congestive heart failure constituted indications or contraindications to ESA.
Genes identified by an expression screen of the vector mosquito Anopheles gambiae display differential molecular immune response to malaria parasites and bacteria (2000)

We performed a gene expression screen of the entire transcriptome of the major African malaria vector Anopheles gambiae for immune response genes in adult female mosquitoes, which is the developmental stage infected by malaria parasites. Mosquitoes were immune-stimulated for subtractive cloning by treatment with bacterial lipopolysaccharide, a potent and general elicitor of the innate immune response, and by injury. The screen yielded a highly enriched cDNA library in which more than half of the clones were immune responsive. In this paper, we describe 23 immune-regulated genes, including putative protease inhibitors, serine proteases, regulatory molecules, and a number of genes without known relatives. A molecule related to the protease inhibitor alpha-2-macroglobulin responded strongly to malaria parasite infection, but displayed little or no response to bacteria, whereas other genes exhibited the inverse pattern. These results indicate that the insect immune system discriminates between molecular signals specific to infection with bacteria and malaria parasites.
Enhanced killing of B lymphoma cells by granulocyte colony‐stimulating factor‐primed effector cells and Hu1D10 – a humanized human leucocyte antigen DR antibody (2002)

Antibody-based approaches have become a novel treatment modality for lymphoma patients. Humanized 1D10 (Hu1D10; Remitogen) is among the antibodies that are currently under evaluation in phase II clinical trials in lymphoma patients. The 1D10 antibody is directed against a polymorphic epitope on the beta-chain of human leucocyte antigen (HLA) class II. We found expression of the 1D10 epitope on B cells and monocytes from approximately 50% of healthy donors. Analyses of 1D10 expression on malignant cells revealed that approximately half of the HLA class II-positive haematological malignancies expressed the 1D10 epitope. In whole blood antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) assays, Hu1D10 was more effective than rituxan in killing malignant ARH-77 B cells. Interestingly, Hu1D10-mediated lymphoma cell lysis was significantly enhanced when blood from granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF)-treated patients was compared with blood from healthy controls. Analyses of the relevant effector cell populations revealed that FcgammaRI (CD64)-positive polymorphonuclear cells were critical for enhanced Hu1D10-mediated lymphoma killing during G-CSF therapy, while the same effector cell population induced only marginal lysis with rituxan. Furthermore, Hu1D10 was highly effective in inducing apoptosis in primary lymphoma cells from B chronic lymphocytic leukaemia patients. These preclinical results form the basis for a phase I/II clinical trial of Hu1D10 in combination with G-CSF.
Toward High Carrier Mobility and Low Contact Resistance: Laser Cleaning of PMMA Residues on Graphene Surfaces (2016)

Poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) is widely used for graphene transfer and device fabrication. However, it inevitably leaves a thin layer of polymer residues after acetone rinsing and leads to dramatic degradation of device performance. How to eliminate contamination and restore clean surfaces of graphene is still highly demanded. In this paper, we present a reliable and position-controllable method to remove the polymer residues on graphene films by laser exposure. Under proper laser conditions, PMMA residues can be substantially reduced without introducing defects to the underlying graphene. Furthermore, by applying this laser cleaning technique to the channel and contacts of graphene field-effect transistors (GFETs), higher carrier mobility as well as lower contact resistance can be realized. This work opens a way for probing intrinsic properties of contaminant-free graphene and fabricating high-performance GFETs with both clean channel and intimate graphene/metal contact.