gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Rapid and Efficient Induction of an Endogenous Cell Signaling Event by Subcellular Targeting of a Synthetic Ligand (2009)

It is now well-recognized that the spatial localization of proteins at the subcellular level is essential in regulating cell signaling. On the other hand, research efforts aimed at developing synthetic modulators of intracellular signaling processes have usually focused on the affinity and specificity of ligands to their target proteins, neglecting the localization of the molecules in cells. Here we show that it is feasible to rapidly and efficiently activate an endogenous signaling pathway by placing a synthetic ligand at a specific location within a cell. The agonist activity of the ligand is very weak when it is freely diffusing in the cytosol. This study highlights the importance of controlling the subcellular locations of ligand molecules in the design of new synthetic modulators (not only activators but also inhibitors) of endogenous biological events.
Fast detonator-activated ball shutter for high explosive experiments (1980)

A detonator-activated ball shutter has been developed to protect the quartz windows in a 10 gm shot chamber used for optical-laser experiments on detonating high explosives.
Ectodomain Shedding of FLT3 Ligand Is Mediated by TNF-α Converting Enzyme (2009)

FLT3 ligand (FLT3L) has diverse roles in the hematopoietic system, which include stimulating proliferation of hematopoietic precursors and development of NK cells and dendritic cells. FLT3L is initially synthesized as a membrane-bound protein, which must be cleaved to become a soluble growth factor. However, little is known about the enzyme involved in the proteolytic release of FLT3L. In the current study, we show that shedding of FLT3L is metalloprotease-dependent, and that this proteolytic activity was abolished in fibroblasts lacking TNF-alpha converting enzyme (TACE) and could be rescued by reintroducing wild-type TACE in these cells. Moreover, we found that cells derived from the thymus of conditional TACE-deficient mice produce less FLT3L, and that serum FLT3L levels in these TACE mutant mice are significantly lower, both after LPS treatment and in the absence of such a challenge, further corroborating the relevance of TACE as FLT3L sheddase in vivo. Considering the involvements of FLT3 and FLT3L in hematopoietic malignancies and stem cell mobilization, the identification of the enzyme involved in FLT3L shedding may have important clinical implications.
Indoor location sensing using geo-magnetism (2011)

We present an indoor positioning system that measures location using disturbances of the Earth's magnetic field caused by structural steel elements in a building. The presence of these large steel members warps the geomagnetic field in a way that is spatially varying but temporally stable. To localize, we measure the magnetic field using an array of e-compasses and compare the measurement with a previously obtained magnetic map. We demonstrate accuracy within 1 meter 88% of the time in experiments in two buildings and across multiple floors within the buildings. We discuss several constraint techniques that can maintain accuracy as the sample space increases.
ML CFO and PO Estimation in DCT OFDM Systems under Non-Circular Transmissions (2007)

Frequency synchronization is one of the most important components in orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) systems. Recently, the discrete cosine transform (DCT) based OFDM system has received wide attentions due to several advantages. Hence, the study of frequency synchronization issue for this newly raised system is well on its time. To provide a thorough study, we consider the non-circular transmissions, and the results can be easily generated to circular transmissions if the elliptic variance is set to zero. We present three joint maximum likelihood (ML) carrier frequency offset (CFO) and phase offset (PO) estimators. From both the theoretical analysis and the numerical comparisons, we found new advantages of the DCT-OFDM over the traditional discrete Fourier transform (DFT) based OFDM. These advantages, as well as those already studied in the early works on DCT-OFDM, support the belief that the DCT-OFDM is a new promising multi-carrier modulation (MCM) scheme.
From clean dishes to clean hands (2008)

In the United States, hospital-acquired infections account for around 99,000 patient deaths per year. These infections are increasingly caused by drug-resistant bacteria such as methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), which accounts for 19,000 patient deaths per year. Fresh perspectives with tools adapted from other disciplines may provide the insight to identify opportunities for local and regional prevention efforts. For the past several years, we have researched novel methods to understand the nature of infectious spread. In one example, we applied a geographic information system (GIS) to clearly demonstrate flawed hospital processes, including inappropriate patient placement and poor hand washing by providers. Recently, we applied a shared community health record to identify the complex web of interhospital interactions and coordinate a regional infection control intervention.
A serializability violation detector for shared-memory server programs (2005)

We aim to improve reliability of multithreaded programs by proposing a dynamic detector that detects potentially erroneous program executions and their causes. We design and evaluate a Serializability Violation Detector (SVD) that has two unique goals: (I) triggering automatic recovery from erroneous executions using backward error recovery (BER), or simply alerting users that a software error may have occurred; and (II) helping debug programs by revealing causes of error symptoms.Two properties of SVD help in achieving these goals. First, to detect only erroneous executions, SVD checks serializability of atomic regions, which are code regions that need to be executed atomically. Second, to improve usability, SVD does not require a priori annotations of atomic regions; instead, SVD approximates them using a heuristic. Experimental results on three widely-used multithreaded server programs show that SVD finds real bugs and reports modest false positives. The goal of this paper is to develop a detector suitable for (I) BER-based avoidance of erroneous program executions; and (II) alerting users as software errors occur. We argue that such a detector should have the following two properties.
The pluripotency factor NANOG promotes the formation of squamous cell carcinomas (2015)

NANOG is a key pluripotency factor in embryonic stem cells that is frequently expressed in squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs). However, a direct link between NANOG and SCCs remains to be established. Here, we show that inducible overexpression of NANOG in mouse skin epithelia favours the malignant conversion of skin papillomas induced by chemical carcinogenesis, leading to increased SCC formation. Gene expression analyses in pre-malignant skin indicate that NANOG induces genes associated to epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Some of these genes are directly activated by NANOG, including EMT-associated genes Zeb1, Zeb2, Twist1, Prrx1 and miR-21. Finally, endogenous NANOG binds to the promoters of theses genes in human SCC cells and, moreover, NANOG induces EMT features in primary keratinocytes. These results provide in vivo evidence for the oncogenic role of NANOG in squamous cell carcinomas.
The Electrical Properties of MOS Transistors Fabricated with Direct Ion Beam Nitridation (1987)

Direct ion beam nitridation was used to form a thin masking layer in the field oxide growth step. The resulting field oxide encroachment per device edge was reduced from 1.0 µm found in LOCOS devices to 0.33 µm. However, the transistors fabricated with the ion beam nitridation step displayed poor device characteristics. We found that with the growth of 50 nm of sacrificial oxide at 950°C and then subsequent removal of the oxide before the gate oxide growth, the adverse side effects, such as; low electron field effect mobility, high junction leakage current and low gate oxide breakdown strength can be drastically improved.
On the Hydrolysis of the Dioxouranium(VI) Ion in Oxalate Solutions (2005)

The complex formation between the dioxouranium (VI) and the oxalate ions has been investigated by measuring the potential of a glass electrode, at 25.00 degrees C, in 1 and 3 M NaClO4, at lower acidities than 10(-4.5) M, in order to favour the formation of (mixed) ternary species. The upper limits of concentration of all the analytical parameters have been imposed by the modest solubility of Na2C2O4 in the ionic media. The experimental measurements at different ionic strengths have been treated by means of the computerised least square programme LETAGROP - ETITR. Ternary complexes of general composition (p, q, r) are formed according to reaction (1), in addition to the already reported binary complexes. pUO2(2+) + qH2O + rC2O4(2-) <==> (UO2)p(OH)q(C2O4)r(2p-q-2r)(+) + qH+ (1). The stoichiometric compositions of the ternary species are (1, 1, 1), (2, 4, 2), (2, 2, 4). Their formation constants, expressed in molality, obtained in the two ionic media, are listed below. [table: see text]. For reasons discussed in the present work in the last column only the value of the constant in 1 M ionic medium is reported for the species (2, 4, 2). Additional evidence on the stoichiometric composition of the species formed is afforded by the mass-spectrometric measurements, collected in solutions of known composition.
Utility of Ethylidenethiosemicarbazides in Heterocyclic Synthesis (2015)

This review imparts a survey on the synthesis and reactions of ethylidenethiosemicarbazides as well as their biological activities during the period from 2005 to 2015. The synthetic utilities of ethylidenethiosemicarbazides, as building blocks, for the synthesis of various heterocyclic compounds such as azoles, azines, and fused ring systems, have been demonstrated. Keywords: Ethylidenethiosemicarbazides, heterocycles, cyclocondensation, arylazothiazole, biological activity.
3D Fingerprinting and Encryption Principle for Collaboration (2006)

In this paper, we propose a practical partial encryption method and a joint fingerprinting and decryption scheme of 3D data to support collaboration in the manufacturing industry, in particular the automobile and shipbuilding sector The proposed fingerprinting and encryption method called as JFD of 3D data is a joint fingerprinting and decryption scheme of 3D data based on partial encryption. The JFD of 3D data is a more computationally efficient and convenient way of fingerprinting without the need for expensive tampering equipment. We analyze the security related problems and discuss performance of our proposed scheme. We also show the feasibility and practicality of the JFD scheme of 3D data by a fast prototyping implementation
Fresnel axicon (2006)

A new optical element, a Fresnel axicon (fraxicon), is proposed. Similar to a Fresnel lens, this element consists of concentric prism-like grooves with an apex angle equal to that of a bulk axicon and whose action relies on refraction. The fraxicon is less chromatic and simpler to manufacture than holographic optical element-based diffractive axicons and, in comparison with regular refractive axicons, is more compact with less absorption loss in the material while allowing significant economy in mass production.
The Language of Graphics (2000)

Leland Wilkinson, Daniel J. Rope, Daniel B. Carr, Matthew A. Rubin, The Language of Graphics, Journal of Computational and Graphical Statistics, Vol. 9, No. 3, Systems and Languages (Sep., 2000), pp. 530-543
Demonstration of beam steering via dipole-coupled plasmonic spiral antenna (2013)

Optical antennas have been utilized to tailor the emission properties of nanoscale emitters in terms of the intensity, directivity and polarization. In this letter, we further explore the capability of beam steering via the use a spiral plasmonic structure as a transmitting antenna. According to both numerical simulation and experimental observations, the beaming direction can be steered through introducing a displacement of the feeding point to the spiral antenna from the geometrical center. For a 3-turn Archimedes' spiral antenna, experimental results show that steering angles of 3° and 7° are obtainable when the excitation location is transversally shifted from the center by a displacement of 200 nm and 500 nm, respectively. Furthermore, the emitted photons carry spin angular momentum determined by the chirality of the spiral optical antenna. A steerable nanoscale spin photon source may find important applications in single molecule sensing, quantum optical information processing and integrated photonic circuits.
Synthesis of Acetylenes, Allenes and Cumulenes. A Laboratory Manuel (1982)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis of Acetylenes, Allenes and Cumulenes. A Laboratory ManuelDietmar SeyferthCite this: Organometallics 1982, 1, 6, 892Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1982Publication History Published online7 January 2004Published inissue 1 June 1982https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/om00066a902https://doi.org/10.1021/om00066a902research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views100Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Somatosensory unit input to the spinal cord during normal walking (1981)

Chronic recording techniques in freely walking cats have been used to sample unitary activity from most large myelinated afferent classes. Cutaneous mechanoreceptors are highly sensitive and generate regular activity patterns predictable from their modalities. Knee joint afferents can fire briskly midrange locomotory movements but appear to be influenced by factors other than joint angle. Golgi tendon organs generate activity consistent with sensitivity to active muscle tension. Muscle spindle afferents do not appear to conform to any single functional pattern for all muscles. It is suggested that degree and rate of stretch are sensed by spindles (possibly under dynamic fusimotor bias) in extensor muscles which normally undergo isometric or lengthening contractions whereas rapidly modulated static fusimotor activity is employed to preserve spindle activity during the rapidly shortening contractions of flexor muscles. Both patterns may be represented in different spindles of bifunctional, biarticular muscles such as rectus femoris and sartorius.
Dual layered security protocol (DLSP) (2011)

Sensor networks consist of tiny sensor nodes which are responsible for sensing, data processing, and sending the collected data to the appropriate destination. Sensor networks are plagued by many security problems but since they operate at very limited energy resources; consequently cryptographic techniques implemented by general wired networks are not feasible. As such, we need to approach the security related problems with a different perspective which dissents from regular network security algorithms. In our proposal we attempt to devise a technique which consumes lesser amount of energy to maintain security measures in sensor networks. The technique introduced in this paper utilizes two basic techniques and merges them to yield a low energy consuming process which renders more effective security services.
In situ Observation of Coke Deposition on Zeolite Catalysts Using a Tapered Element Oscillating Microbalance (2002)

A tapered element oscillating microbalance was used to investigate coke deposition on zeolite catalysts with different pore systems, viz. zeolites H-Y, H-ZSM-5, H-ZSM-22 and H-mordenite. The acid-catalyzed conversion of 2-propanol to propene and diisopropyl ether as the main products served as a model reaction. The utilization of the microbalance in combination with gas-chromatographic analysis of the product mixture allowed to directly correlate catalyst deactivation by coking with mass changes of the catalyst.
Gradient field switching as a source for artifacts in MR imaging of metallic stents (2004)

Metallic implants, such as stents, have long been a concern in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). In addition to safety issues, they are commonly associated with image artifacts. The mechanisms of radiofrequency- (RF) and susceptibility-induced artifacts have been thoroughly investigated. However, gradient-switching-induced artifacts have not been analyzed. In this study it was demonstrated that gradient switching may be a source of artifacts in metallic stent MR imaging. These artifacts differ from those caused by the RF pulse. A theoretical explanation is provided as well.
Gene Expression During Acute Allograft Rejection: Novel Statistical Analysis of Microarray Data (2002)

High-throughput microarrays promise a comprehensive analysis of complex biological processes, yet their applicability is hampered by problems of reproducibility and data management. The current study examines some of the major questions of microarray use in a well-described model of allograft rejection. Using the Brown Norway to Lewis heterotopic heart transplant model, highly purified RNA was isolated from cardiac tissue at postoperative days (POD) 3, 5 and 7 and hybridized onto Affymetrix U34A microarrays. Using the log average ratio (LAR), changes in gene expression were monitored at each timepoint and p-values generated through statistical analysis. Microarray data were verified for 13 significant transcripts using RT-PCR. Of the 8800 transcripts studied, 2864 were increased on POD 3, 1418 on POD 5 and 2745 on POD 7. Verifying previous studies, many up-regulated genes appeared to be associated with the inflammatory process and graft infiltrating cells. Down-regulated transcripts included many novel molecules such as SC1 and decorin. LAR analysis provides a useful approach to analyze microarray data. Results were reproducible and correlated well with both RT-PCR and prior studies. Most importantly, these results provide new insights into the pathogenesis of acute rejection and suggest new molecules for future studies.
Whole‐grain consumption and chronic disease: Protective mechanisms (1997)

Dietary guidance recommends consumption of whole grains to reduce the risk of chronic diseases including cancer and cardiovascular disease. Epidemiologic studies support the belief that whole grains are protective against cancers, especially gastrointestinal cancers such as gastric and colonic, and cardiovascular disease. Components in whole grains that may be protective are diverse and include compounds that affect the gut environment, i.e., dietary fiber, resistant starch, and other undigestible compounds in whole grains, compounds that function as antioxidants such as trace minerals and phenolic compounds, and compounds that are phytoestrogens with potential hormonal effects. Many of the protective compounds in whole grains are also in fruits and vegetables, but some plant compounds are more concentrated in whole grains, such as phenolic compounds including ferulic and caffeic acid. Other potential mechanistic effects of whole grains include binding of carcinogens and modulation of glycemic index. Clearly, the range of protective substances in whole grains is impressive, and advice to consume additional whole grains is justifiable.
Rapid and definitive detection of Salmonella in foods by PCR (1998)

The BAX system for screening Salmonella is one of the first commercial PCR-based systems for the detection of food-borne pathogens. It is able to give a confirmed result within 28 h. There was 98.6% and 95.8% agreement between the BAX system and conventional cultural analysis for the detection of Salmonella in artificially inoculated and uninoculated food samples, respectively. In both cases, the BAX system generated more positive detections than cultural analysis. The speed of assay, case of use and high specificity and sensitivity of the BAX system for the detection of food-borne Salmonella make it an attractive method for routine food microbiology laboratories.
Synthesis, Characterization, and Catalytic Performance of a ZSM-5/Y Composite (2005)

Abstract A ZSM-5/Y composite zeolite was prepared from Y synthesis gel by using an in-situ two-step hydrothermal crystallization process. Optimized synthetic parameters made it practical to control the transformation of zeolite Y to P, or other undesired phases during ZSM-5/Y composite formation. It was found that the pH value range of the second phase (ZSM-5 in ZSM-5/Y composite) formation is much narrower than ordinary ZSM-5 synthesis, and a lower crystallization temperature was preferred in the second step. SEM showed that the morphology of the ZSM-5/Y composite was influenced by the different synthetic methods, such as seeds and templates. The NMR data indicated that the distribution of the Si(nAl) environments are different in ZSM-5/Y composite samples that made by different methods. The composite synthesized with seeds possessed a higher ratio of Si(0Al) to Si(1Al) than that of the composite synthesized with templates. Compared to a catalyst of a mechanical mixture of ZSM-5 and Y zeolite, the catalytic cracking performance of the ion-exchanged composite zeolite catalyst showed a better yield in gasoline formation when heavy oil was used as a feedstock in a MAT reactor, and the isomerization and aromatization abilities to the gasoline fraction were better than the physical mixture of the ZSM-5 and Y. This suggested that the composite structure of the zeolite may benefit the heavy oil transformation and related reaction steps during the course of the cracking process.
Design of a Compact Epoxy Molded Pulsed Transformer (2005)

For some pulsed transformers, a primary coil should bear severe mechanical stresses caused by high-current (up to MA) pulses, and a secondary coil should be sufficiently insulated so that electrical breakdown would not occur owing to high voltage. To satisfy the above conditions, we applied two techniques in designing a relatively compact air-core foil-wound step-up pulsed transformer. A tapered secondary copper foil was sandwiched tightly between multi-layers of adhesive films and insulating polyester films, and the transformer assembly was molded with epoxy resin under low vacuum condition. The turn ratio of the transformer was designed to be 1:18, resulting in a coupling coefficient of 0.73, estimated based on measured inductance values. The size of the transformer was 140 mm in overall diameter and 400 mm in total length, and its weight was 13 kg. The transformer was tested in ambient air by using a capacitor bank and a fuse opening switch connected serially. Neither electric breakdown nor mechanical damages occurred at a pulse with peak current of 180 kA. Output voltage of 220 kV was obtained at input of 19 kV. The output pulse width was 400 ns FWHM when a resistive load of 300 ohm was connected to the secondary coil.