gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Analysis of high altitude cognitive task performance on multiple tests (2013)

Background It is documented that cognitive performance can diminish with altitude, but the sensitivity of specific tests have not been investigated. Our objective was to assess and compare cognitive performance from several tests and relate this to quality of sleep and acute mountain sickness (AMS). Methods During an Everest expedition, 3 cognitive tests (Stroop, Trail Making, and a proprietary motor accuracy test) were used along with a questionnaire to assess sleep and AMS. Six athlete climbers and 9 core team members were assessed pre and post‐expedition and at several time points during the expedition (up to 17,500 ft). Results To normalize for individual differences, scores were assessed as % change from baseline. There was no difference in the variation between repeated attempts in a single testing session (0.19&lt;p&lt;0.87), demonstrating that each test was reproducible. There was no decrement in test scores with altitude, nor was there an association with reported sleep quality. The Stroop performance was associated with AMS (p&lt;0.05) and trending with headache (p&lt; 0.15). The in‐house motor test trended towards an association with AMS and headache (p&lt;0.15). However, the trail making test was not associated with AMS/headache. Conclusion With appropriate acclimatization, cognitive performance is maintained at altitude but is linked to presence of headache and AMS. Mayo Clinic and TNF.
A review of validated biomarkers obtained through metabolomics (2018)

Studying changes in the whole set of small molecules, final products of biochemical reactions in living systems or metabolites, is extremely appealing because they represent the best approach to identifying what occurs in an organism when samples are collected. However, their usefulness as potential biomarkers is limited by discoveries obtained in small groups without proper validation or even confirmation of the chemical structure. Areas covered: During the past 5 years, more than 900 papers have been published on metabolomics for biomarker discovery, but the numbers are much lower when some criteria of validation are applied. In total, 102 papers have been included in this review. The most frequent disease areas in which these markers have been discovered include the following: cancer, diabetes, and related diseases and neurodegenerative, cardiovascular, autoimmune, liver, and kidney diseases. Expert commentary: Metabolomics has been demonstrated as rapidly growing due to the improvements in instrumentation, mainly mass spectrometry, and data mining software. For application in the clinic, the results should be validated in different stages, from analytical validation to validation in independent sets of samples, using thousands of samples from different sources.
Mobility Management in Next Generation All-IP Based Wireless Systems (2004)

Next generation wireless systems have an IP-based infrastructure with the support of heterogeneous access technologies. One research challenge for next generation all-IP based wireless systems is to design intelligent mobility management techniques that take advantage of IP-based technologies to achieve global roaming between various access networks. To support global roaming, next generation wireless systems require the integration and interoperation of heterogeneous mobility management techniques. Mobility in a hierarchical structure or multilayered environment should be supported. The objective of this study is to develop new mobility management techniques for global roaming support in next generation all-IP based wireless systems. More specifically, new schemes for location management and paging in Mobile IP for network layer mobility support, and new schemes for location management and handoff management in heterogeneous overlay networks for link layer mobility support are proposed and evaluated. For network layer mobility support, a distributed and dynamic regional location management mechanism for Mobile IP is proposed. Under the proposed scheme, the signaling burden is evenly distributed and the regional network boundary is dynamically adjusted according to the up-to-date mobility and traffic load for each terminal. Next, a user independent paging scheme based on last-known location and mobility rate information for Mobile IP is proposed. The proposed scheme takes the aggregated behavior of all mobile users as the basis for paging. For link layer mobility support, an IP-based system architecture for the integration of heterogeneous mobility management techniques is proposed. Three location management schemes under this IP-based architecture are proposed. All the three schemes support user preference call delivery which is a very important feature of next generation wireless communications. A threshold-based enhancement method is also proposed to further improve the system performance. Finally, a hybrid resource allocation scheme for handoff management in wireless overlay networks is proposed. Under this scheme, the overall system resources can be optimally allocated when mobile users are covered by multiple overlay networks.
(Invited) New Strategies to Produce Light Emitters with Si-based Nanostructures (2020)

Silicon-Germanium strain engineering has been used for more than two decades in silicon based devices and has contributed to the scaling down of a transistor’s size and to significant improvements in device performance. However, while conventional silicon-germanium based electronics has experienced rapid and steady growth, thanks to this continuous miniaturization of transistors, this trend cannot continue indefinitely. Industry has already moved to alternate methods such as FinFET devices, in which a thin silicon channel is placed vertically, and the FD-SOI (FD-SGOI) design consisting of a thin film Si(SiGe) channel placed horizontally. For nodes scaled down below 28 nm, low power operation will be inherently hindered by both the imperfect interface, non-uniformity of ultra-thin films and quantum confinement effects, which increase the effective bandgap. In these devices, despite the intense research activity on the strained SiGe ultra-thin body, which accounts for a large portion of such microelectronic devices (below the 45 nm node), we still fail to properly understand the mechanisms that limit hole and electron mobilities in SGOI layers. In addition, one of the main challenges for Si based devices remains the fabrication of efficient group-IV photon sources / photon detectors compatible with the microelectronic industry, which would usefully replace the integration of III-V heterostructures on Si. The major bottleneck is that group-IV semiconductor elements have indirect bandgaps, but with possibilities of being transformed to direct bandgaps using strain engineering strategies. In this presentation, we will review the formation mechanism of Ge-rich layers on SOI by condensation at different temperatures. TEM cross-section and GPA analysis of the heterostructures will be presented. We will also report the physical and optical properties of these heterostructures. Special attention is devoted to the influence of the SiGe thickness reduction (up to few MLs), where quantum confinement is prominent in the optical properties of the layers. Raman and PL results will be presented to better explain such confinement behavior. We show that novel SGOI substrates could represent a key strategy for the fabrication of future photonic devices.
Assessing AC motor dielectric withstand capability to reflected voltage stress using corona testing (2002)

The dielectric withstand capability of standard low voltage AC induction motors when subjected to steep fronted dv/dt waveforms of PWM voltage source inverter pulses is investigated. Inverter IGBT device switching generates this arduous dv/dt which results in reflected wave transient peak voltage magnitudes of twice to three times bus voltage with rise times is low as 0.05-0.2 /spl mu/s imposed on the motor terminals. Although these transients can be definitively measured, they stress the standard motor dielectric insulation system in a region previously unspecified and untested. Thus, an allowable peek repetitive surge dielectric withstand voltage vs. rise time curve is not readily available from motor manufacturers. Experimental results of tapped stator windings under inverter operation offer insight on reflected wave stress internal to the motor. The effect of peak repetitive surges on motor insulation is discussed with predominant focus on corona and partial discharge failure mechanisms. Test results correlate well with field failure rates and show three distinct classes of voltage withstand capability in the motor industry today.
Reinforcement of poly(dimethylsiloxane) networks by montmorillonite platelets (2001)

Abstract A PDMS network, synthesized from a vinyl‐terminated precursor, was reinforced by plate‐like montmorillonite (volclay) particles with different surface cations. The optimal ratio of crosslinker‐to‐PDMS precursor was ascertained from the mechanical properties of networks prepared with different crosslinker concentrations. The elastic modulus of the polymer was enhanced by the montmorillonite particles. The increase in modulus was higher in the Li– than in the Na–volclay composites. The ultimate strength of the composites was also strongly enhanced by the small platelets, especially in presence of surface Li + . The stronger influence of Li–volclay on the mechanical properties of the composites can be attributed to the partial formation of an intercalated structure, which leads to thinner particles with a high aspect ratio. Both composite strength and modulus were proportional to the filler‐volume‐fraction, but the increase in strength was limited by rising particle agglomeration at high loading. In contrast to organic‐modified montmorillonite, the inorganic surface of volclay catalyzed the thermal degradation of PDMS. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 83: 2175–2183, 2002
Dry Sliding Wear Properties of Sub-Microcrystalline Ultra-Low Carbon Steel Produced by High-Pressure Torsion Straining (2011)

This study is the first to show dry sliding wear properties of sub-microcrystalline ultra-low carbon steel produced by high-pressure torsion (HPT) straining. Effects of number of turns in HPT process and counter materials in wear tests were investigated using a ball-on-disc friction method. Wear tests were carried out in a normal laboratory atmosphere of air at a sliding speed of 0.042 m/s and an applied load of 39.6 N. When the ball material was cemented carbide (WC–Co), the wear depth of HPT-processed discs decreased with increasing the number of turns in HPT-straining. This was explained by the hardness variation, i.e. the HPT-processed discs in which large strain was introduced exhibit high anti-wear resistance due to the high hardness. On the other hand, when the ball material was high carbon-chromium bearing steel (SUJ2), the wear depth of disc specimens increased with increasing the number of turns. The unusual behavior of the wear depth variation was thought to be attributed to the intensive adhesion between the HPT-processed steel disc and the SUJ2 ball because the coefficient of friction was considerably high for the ultra fine-grained specimens.
Development of multifilamentary Nb&lt;inf&gt;3&lt;/inf&gt;Sn conductor for fusion research (1979)

A 10kA/13T Nb <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</inf> Sn conductor, which is intended for use in fusion magnets, has been developed. The conductor consists of multifilamentary Nb <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</inf> Sn conductor monoliths with a copper stabilizer and stainless steel reinforcement monoliths laminated with copper. The conductor design is based on the results of experiments with model conductors (1kA/10T and 0.1kA/7T), which show that a conductor can be reinforced effectively and that reinforcement can reduce eddy current losses in a conductor.
Intrachain dynamics and interchain structures of polymers: A comparison of polyacetylene, polyethylene, polyaniline, and poly(paraphenylene vinylene) (1991)

X-ray data for trans-polyacetylene (CH${)}_{\mathit{x}}$ in the range 129 KT513 K show that the a parameter expands twice as fast as b, accompanied by a 6\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{} increase in the setting angle. Polyethylene (${\mathrm{CH}}_{2}$${)}_{\mathit{x}}$ exhibits a similar behavior (but in the opposite sense), such that for both materials the interchain packing becomes closer to that of a two-dimensional triangular lattice at high temperature, as would be expected for close-packed disks. In contrast, poly(paraphenylene vinylene) and the emeraldine-base form of polyaniline both show small, nearly isotropic interchain thermal expansions, and the packing does not approach close packing of disks at high T. We suggest that for polymers consisting of relatively flat and rigid chains, the average interchain structure reflects the T-dependent interchain dynamics, specifically rigid-chain rotational modes about the chain axes. This effect is absent in materials for which ring torsion modes are the lowest-energy deformations. The coupling between rotational and translational degrees of freedom, and between intrachain dynamics and the average interchain structures, is discussed in light of the planar-rotor model of Choi et al. and the rotator phases observed in finite-length alkanes.
Prediction of favourite photos using social, visual, and textual signals (2010)

This paper focuses on the prediction of users' favourite photos in Flickr. We propose a multi-modal, machine learned approach that combines social, visual and textual signals into a single prediction system. Although each individual user has different motivations for calling a photo a favourite, we show that the textual, visual, and social modalities effectively capture the needs of most active Flickr users.
Clinical outcome of a protocol to produce immunosuppression in rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta): application to infectious disease and gene therapy studies (1999)

Induced immunosuppression is required for a number of studies using rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta). This report describes the clinical outcome and safety of a dose-finding experiment that determined doses of cyclophosphamide and prednisone that could be used to induce a state of immunosuppression in rhesus monkeys. After determining the optimum dose of immunosuppressive agents, the protocol was then used on animals participating in infectious disease and gene therapy studies. Splenectomy was performed in some animals to increase the severity of immunosuppression. The onset, duration, and severity of lymphopenia and leukopenia were consistent in all animals. In most animals, physical examination findings and clinical serum chemistry profiles demonstrated only transient abnormalities. With proper clinical monitoring, combination treatment with cyclophosphamide and prednisone is an effective and safe method for inducing immunosuppression in rhesus monkeys.
Assessing the Potential of Predictive Control for Hybrid Vehicle Powertrains Using Stochastic Dynamic Programming (2007)

The potential for reduced fuel consumption of hybrid electric vehicles by the use of predictive powertrain control was assessed on measured-drive data from an urban route with varying topography. The assessment was done by evaluating the fuel consumption using three optimal controllers, each with a different level of information access to the driven route. The lowest information case represents that the vehicle knows that it is being driven in a certain environment, e.g., city driving, and that the controller has been optimized for that type of environment. The second highest information level represents a vehicle equipped with a GPS combined with a traffic-flow information system. In the highest information level, the future power demand is completely known to the control system, hence, the corresponding optimal controller results in the minimal attainable fuel consumption. This paper showed that good performance (1%-3% from the minimal attainable fuel consumption) can be achieved with the lowest information case, with a time-invariant controller that is optimized to the environment. The second highest information level results in less than 0.2% higher consumption than the minimal attainable on the studied route. This means that it is possible to design a predictive controller based on information supplied by the vehicle-navigation system and traffic-flow-information systems that can come very close to the minimal attainable fuel consumption. A novel algorithm that uses information supplied by the vehicle-navigation system was presented. The proposed algorithm results in a consumption only 0.3% from the minimal attainable consumption on the studied route
Scaling blockchains without giving up decentralization and security: A solution to the blockchain scalability trilemma (2020)

Public blockchains should be able to scale with respect to the number of nodes and to the transactions workload. The blockchain scalability trilemma has been informally conjectured. This is related to scalability, security and decentralization, stating that any improvement in one of these aspects should negatively impact on at least one of the other two. In fact, despite the large research and experimental effort, all known approaches turn out to be tradeoffs. We theoretically describe a new blockchain architecture that scales to arbitrarily high workload provided that a corresponding proportional increment of nodes is provisioned. We show that, under reasonable assumptions, our approach does not require tradeoffs on security or decentralization. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first result that disprove the trilemma considering the scalability of all architectural elements of a blockchain and not only the consensus protocol. While our result is currently only theoretic, we believe that our approach may stimulate significant practical contributions.
Nucleophilic reactivity of anions associated with a lipophilic proton cryptate, [H+c(1.1.1,C14)] (1985)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTNucleophilic reactivity of anions associated with a lipophilic proton cryptate, [H+c(1.1.1,C14)]Dario Landini, Angelamaria Maia, Fernando Montanari, and Silvio QuiciCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1985, 50, 1, 117–118Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1985Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1985https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00201a023https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00201a023research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views62Altmetric-Citations2LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Crucial timing in schizophrenia: role of DNA methylation in early neurodevelopment (2014)

An exciting recent study examining the methylation profile of human brain tissue implicates early-life epigenetic disruption in the neurodevelopmental origin of schizophrenia.
Differential protein expression following low temperature culture of suspension CHO-K1 cells (2008)

These results indicate the extent of the temperature response in CHO-K1 cells and suggest a number of key regulatory proteins and pathways that are involved in modulating the response of cells to mild hypothermia. Regulation of these identified proteins and pathways could be useful for future approaches to engineer CHO cells for improved recombinant protein production.
On the failure mechanism in lead-free flip-chip interconnects comprising ENIG finish during electromigration (2015)

The aim of this research was to investigate the failure mechanism of lead-free (SAC305) flip-chip solder connections subjected to long-term electromigration. Interconnects with a nominal diameter of 60 µm or 50 µm were assembled in flip-chip organic packages with a pitch of 100 µm. The under bump metallization (UBM) and surface finish on PCBs comprised of a 5 µm thick electroless nickel immersion gold (ENIG) layer directly deposited on AlCu0.5 or Cu traces, respectively.
A Comparative Study between Hydrogen Peroxide Amperometric Biosensors Based on Different Peroxidases Wired by Os-Polymer: Applications in Water, Milk and Human Urine (2017)

In the last few years, hydrogen peroxide [...]
Loss of heterozygosity of gene THW is frequently found in melanoma metastases. (2001)

We have recently described a new member of the PMP22/gas3 family of plasma membrane proteins referred to as THW. This gene is located on chromosome 6q and preliminary data have indicated a possible tumor suppressor gene function. We have therefore investigated LOH for gene THW in a panel of cancer cell lines and in a series of primary human melanomas as well as in melanoma metastases. We have detected LOH for gene THW in cell lines derived from melanoma, breast, pancreas, cervical, prostate and colon carcinoma with different prevalence, whereas the ovary carcinoma cell lines (n = 3) were negative. For melanomas we found a prevalence of LOH for gene THW of 10-20% in primary tumors, whereas in melanoma metastases we found a score of 50%. These data and the fact that the recently identified murine homologue PERP of gene THW mediates cell death in murine fibroblasts support the possible tumor suppressor function of gene THW.
Kinetic analysis of the hydrodynamic transition accompanying protein folding using size exclusion chromatography. 1. Denaturant dependent baseline changes (1993)

Size exclusion profiles of proteins with persistent conformations exhibit broad asymmetric peaks whose shape and elution times are dependent on denaturant concentration. The collective elution profiles were precisely simulated by an apparent binding model that treats the denaturant dependence in terms of an apparent matrix binding. The model requires three experimentally measurable parameters: the elution time for the unbound protein, an apparent association equilibrium constant for binding, and an apparent exchange time for binding. The denaturant dependence for each of these parameters is related to the accessible surface area of the protein.