gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Novel Dyebath Treatments for the Prevention of Increased Hygral Expansion Occurring in Piece Dyed Worsted Fabrics (1993)

Novel treatments for the reduction of dyebath induced hygral expansion are described. Their application in Neolan P dyebaths offers the potential for reduced dimensional instability with a limited impact on the final fabric colour.
Fibrin(ogen)-Pathogen Interactions Support Antimicrobial Host Defense Following Staphylococcus Aureus Peritonitis Infection (2017)

Abstract Staphylococcus aureus is a common gram-positive bacterium that is a frequent cause of community and hospital-acquired infections. The emergence of antibiotic resistant S. aureus hashighlighted a renewed need to better understand host-pathogen interactions for defining novel treatment strategies. The clotting factor fibrinogen is a target of several S. aureus virulence factors. Clumping factor A (ClfA) is a well characterized fibrin(ogen) binding protein known to mediate bacterial adhesion and clumping in blood plasma and has been shown to play an important role in several types of S aureus infections. Studies using Fib-/- (fibrinogen deficient) and FibAEK (mice expressing fibrinogen unable to form a fibrin polymer) indicated that fibrinogen and subsequent fibrin polymer formation are critical for clearance of USA300 S. aureus following peritonitis. Here, we tested the hypothesis that ClfA-fibrin(ogen)interactions are a key mechanistic feature of host antimicrobial function following S. aureus peritonitis. Analyses were performed with FibγΔ5 mutant mice, which express a mutant form of fibrinogen lacking the final 5 amino acids of the g chain encoding the bacterial ClfA binding motif. In vitro studies confirmed that fibrinogenWT supported robust bacterial adhesion and clumping whereas a complete absence of adhesion and clumping was observed using fibrinogenγΔ5. Infection studies of WT and FibγΔ5 mice revealed that ClfA-mediated, fibrin(ogen)- S. aureus interactions are an important determinant of host antimicrobial function in the context of peritonitis. Taken together, these data indicate that direct, ClfA-mediated binding of bacteria to fibrin(ogen) is a critical mechanistic component of host antimicrobial function following S. aureus peritonitis. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Carotenoids in Milk and the Potential for Dairy Based Functional Foods (2021)

Carotenoids are a family of over 1100 known natural pigments synthesized by plants, algae, fungi and bacteria. Dietary intake of carotenoids is necessary for mammals as they cannot be synthesized in the body. In cows, the nature of the diet consumed strongly influences the composition of milk produced and this includes carotenoid concentration and profile. Fresh forage is the richest source of carotenoids for cows. The main carotenoids identified in forages are lutein, β-carotene, zeaxanthin and epilutein. Manipulating cow feed via carotenoid supplementation increases the carotenoid content of bovine milk. In humans, carotenoids have anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory and provitamin A activity. Lutein is a major carotenoid in human milk and the brain tissue of adults and infants. Lutein and zeaxanthin are linked to improved eye health and cognitive function. Traditionally for humans, fruit and vegetables have been the main source of carotenoid intake. Functional foods present an opportunity to incorporate these naturally occurring compounds into milk products for added health benefits, widening the range of dietary sources of carotenoids. We offer an overview of the literature to date on carotenoid-fortified dairy products and infant formula. This review will describe and summarize the key mechanisms by which the carotenoid profile of bovine milk can be manipulated. We present findings on the origin and role of carotenoids in bovine and human milk, outline factors that impact the carotenoid content of milk, evaluate carotenoid-fortified milk products and discuss the associated challenges, such as bioaccessibility and stability.
Highly efficient blue organic light emitting device using indium-free transparent anode Ga:ZnO with scalability for large area coating (2010)

Organic light emitting devices have been achieved with an indium-free transparent anode, Ga doped ZnO (GZO). A large area coating technique was used (RF magnetron sputtering) to deposit the GZO films onto glass. The respective organic light emitting devices exhibited an operational voltage of 3.7 V, an external quantum efficiency of 17%, and a power efficiency of 39 lm/W at a current density of 1 mA/cm2. These parameters are well within acceptable standards for blue OLEDs to generate a white light with high enough brightness for general lighting applications. It is expected that high-efficiency, long-lifetime, large area, and cost-effective white OLEDs can be made with these indium-free anode materials.
Fast address block location on handwritten and machine printed mail-piece images (2002)

We present a fast approach for the detection of address blocks on images of oversized flat mail-pieces with a size up to 35/spl times/25 cm. In contrast to standard size envelopes the position of the address block cannot be restricted to the lower right region of the mail-piece. Furthermore the envelopes are mixed up with advertising, the return address, logos and other noise making the detection more complicated. In addition, for usage in a practical mail sorting system the recognition of the address block has to be accomplished within 200 ms for handwritten and machine printed addresses. In this approach a method based on the detection of inhomogeneous blocks is described. The image of the envelope is divided into small rectangular blocks for which a measure of homogeneity is evaluated. After determining an adaptive threshold inhomogeneous blocks are detected in a hierarchical search process. Adjacent inhomogeneous blocks are then merged to areas of arbitrary shapes. These areas are represented by the smallest enclosing rectangle. Several features are calculated for each area and a plausibility test is performed. The best scored area is assumed to contain the address block and is passed to an optical character recognition system. This approach meets the above mentioned time constraint on an i-860 based computer and has an excellent reliability.
[The role of the host's immune system in the pathogenesis of cytomegalovirus-associated disease]. (1998)

Cytomegalovirus(CMV) causes various inflammatory diseases such as encephalitis, interstitial pneumonitis (IP), retinitis, hepatitis, gastritis and colitis, and raises serious concern especially in immunocompromized patients such as AIDS patients and organ transplant recipients. In some instances such as retinitis, hepatitis, gastritis and colitis, the mechanism underlying the diseases in the direct viral replication. On the other hand, an immunopathological basis is implicated in CMV-associated IP (CMV-IP). The results of the experiments from the mouse model of CMV-IP suggested that the cytokines, such as IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha, and the cytokine-induced nitric oxide mediate CMV-IP. However, the reason how and why the CMV infection augments the production of the cytokines has been still unknown. In conclusion, it would be in mind that CMV-IP is not due to viral replication but due to the cytokines of the host's immune system. Therefore, the therapy against CMV-IP should target the cytokines, or the cytokine induced radicals.
Strong acceptors in donor–acceptor polymers for high performance thin film transistors (2012)

Recent progress in the development of conjugated semiconducting polymers for thin film transistor applications has yielded materials with mobilities consistently exceeding 0.1 cm2 V−1 s−1. Even more significant are recent reports of polymers with TFT mobilities surpassing 1 cm2 V−1 s−1. With performance comparable to those of amorphous silicon TFTs, and with improved material stability, one can realistically envision promising future applications of these polymers. In reviewing the development of conjugated semiconducting polymers, two particularly interesting and significant observations are made. First, most of these high-performance materials are donor–acceptor polymers; and second, high mobilities of above 1 cm2 V−1 s−1 generally involve donor–acceptor polymers with strongly electron accepting moieties. The present perspective covers these latter polymers. We will cover the features that are common among these high-performance polymers and discuss unresolved issues that may determine their performance.
Multilevel human secondary lymphoid immune system compartmentalization revealed by complementary multiplexing and mass spectrometry imaging approaches (2022)

Abstract Secondary human lymphoid tissue immune reactions take place in a highly coordinated environment with compartmentalization representing a fundamental feature of this organization. In situ profiling methodologies are indispensable for the understanding of this compartmentalization. Here, we propose a complementary experimental approach aiming to reveal different aspects of this process. The analysis of human tonsils, using a combination of single cell phenotypic analysis based on flow cytometry and multiplex imaging and mass spectrometry-based methodologies, revealed a compartmentalized organization at cellular and molecular level. More specifically, the skewed distribution of highly specialized immune cell subsets and relevant soluble mediators was accompanied by a compartmentalized localization of several lipids across different anatomical areas of the tonsillar tissue. The performance of such combinatorial experimental approaches could lead to the identification of novel in situ interactions and molecular targets for the in vivo manipulation of lymphoid organ, particularly the germinal center, immune reactions.
The Wick-concept for Thermal Insulation of Cold Piping (2006)

The wick-concept for thermal insulation of cold piping is based on capillary suction of a fiber fabric to remove excess water from the pipe surface by transporting it to the outer surface of the insulation. From the surface of the insulation jacket, the water will evaporate to the ambient air. This will prevent long-term accumulation of moisture in the insulation material. The wick keeps the hydrophobic insulation dry, allowing it to maintain its thermal performance. The liquid moisture is kept only in the wick fabric. This article presents the principle of operation of cold pipe insulation using the wick-concept in either of two variations: the self-drying or the self-sealing system. Experiments have been carried out using different variations of the two systems to investigate the conditions for exploiting the drying capabilities of the systems, and the results are presented. The results show that the variations of these types of insulation systems work for pipes with a temperature above 0 C and for ambient conditions within common ranges for industrial applications.
Protein S abnormalities: A diagnostic nightmare (2011)

Heterozygous deficiency of Protein S (PS) increases the risk for developing thrombosis. Many acquired conditions alter plasma PS levels. These complex interactions of PS in plasma make it imperative that clinical PS assay limitations are understood so that the assays are reliable, reproducible and specific to diagnose true genetic abnormalities based on plasma phenotype alone. Unfortunately, the diagnosis of PS deficiency is difficult and complicated. Three basic assays can be utilized for assessing PS in plasma: PS activity assay, Free PS antigen assay, and Total PS antigen assay. This article will review these clinical assays and their associated problems. We also discuss the confounding and interfering factors that make it difficult to obtain an accurate diagnosis of PS deficiency.
Wind Generation, Power System Operation, and Emissions Reduction (2006)

With increasing concern over global climate change, policy makers are promoting renewable energy sources, predominantly wind generation, as a means of meeting emissions reduction targets. Although wind generation does not itself produce any harmful emissions, its effect on power system operation can actually cause an increase in the emissions of conventional plants. A dispatch model was developed that analyzes the impact that wind generation has on the operation of conventional plants and the resulting emissions of carbon dioxide (CO/sub 2/), sulphur dioxide (SO/sub 2/), and oxides of nitrogen (NO/sub X/). The analysis concentrates on a "forecasted" approach that incorporates wind generation forecasts in the dispatch decisions. It was found that wind generation could be used as a tool for reducing CO/sub 2/ emissions but alone, it was not effective in curbing SO/sub 2/ and NO/sub X/ emissions.
Sacrificios presentes y beneficios futuros (1995)

Para poner en prácticu cl actual consenso cn materia de desarrnllo se requerirán cambios más fundamrntales. En particular, será preciso abordar los problemas de la discriminación, la careneia de tierras y el desempleo mediante la reforma agraria, la inversión en los pequeños agricultores, la reestructuración del gasto gubernamental y de los programas de ayudu en favor de los más pobres, la reducción del gusto militar y un incremento signification de los recursos disponibles para el desarrollo ambientalmcnte sostenible. Pero los internes creados de carácter politico y económico impiden seguir avanzando, al igual que el escaso atractivo politico de mucltas de las politicos necesarias, que implicon sacrificios presentes y beneficios futuros.
Practical Synthesis of 1H-Indazole-3-carboxylic Acid and Its Derivatives (1996)

A practical and convenient synthesis of 1H-indazole-3-carboxylic acid and its amide and ester derivatives from the corresponding derivatives of 2-nitrophenylacetic acid was described.Indazoles are attracted much attention as indole bioisosteres; indazole-3-carboxylic acid derivatives were reported to show various activities such as antifertility, antiarthritic, and serotonin 5-HT3
Scaffold Design for Tissue Engineering (2002)

Tissue engineering has emerged as a promising alternative approach in the treatment of malfunctioning or lost organs. In this approach, a temporary scaffold is needed to serve as an adhesive substrate for the implanted cells and a physical support to guide the formation of the new organs. In addition to facilitating cell adhesion, promoting cell growth, and allowing the retention of differentiated cell functions, the scaffold should be biocompatible, biodegradable, highly porous with a large surface/volume ratio, mechanically strong, and malleable. A number of three-dimensional porous scaffolds fabricated from various kinds of biodegradable materials have been developed. This paper reviews some of the advances in scaffold design focusing on the hybrid scaffolds recently developed in the authors' laboratory.
Moisture sources of extreme summer precipitation events in North Xinjiang and their relationship with atmospheric circulation (2017)

In this study, the daily observational precipitation data and NCEP reanalysis data during 1951–2014, Euler and Lagrangian method were used to investigate the moisture sources of summer extreme precipitation events in North Xinjiang. The results show that water vapor at low and upper levels of most summer heavy rain (more than 50 mm d−1 and less than 100 mm d−1) in North Xinjiang are mainly transported by westerly circulation from the North Atlantic Ocean and the Eurasian continent. However, rainstorms of more than 100 mm d−1, which are rarely observed, are dominated by vertically integrated moisture from the North Atlantic, Arctic Oceans, and the Eurasian continent, in addition to low-level moisture from the Indian Ocean. Among these sources, the anomalous low-level moisture from the Indian Ocean, which is closely associated with stronger meridional circulation, is considered to be more important with respect to rainstorms. On the days prior to rainstorm days, stronger meridional circulation leads to an anomalous pressure gradient force, which can transport low-level moisture from the Indian Ocean along the eastern periphery of the Tibetan Plateau to North Xinjiang. Furthermore, moisture from the North Atlantic, Arctic Oceans, the Eurasian continent, and the Indian Ocean converge together to influence rainstorm development in this region.
<title>RIME: a replicated image detector for the World Wide Web</title> (1998)

This paper describes RIME (Replicated IMage dEtector), an alternative approach to watermarking for detecting unauthorized image copying on the Internet. RIME profiles internet images and stores the feature vectors of the images and their URLs in its repository. When a copy detection request is received, RIME matches the requested image's feature vector with the vectors stored in the repository and returns a list of suspect URLs. RIME characterizes each image using Daubechies' wavelets. The wavelet coefficients are stored as the feature vector. RIME uses a multidimensional extensible hashing scheme to index these high-dimensional feature vectors. Our preliminary result shows that it can detect image copies effectively. It can find the top suspects and copes well with image format conversion, resampling, and requantization.
Protein/peptide transduction domains: potential to deliver large DNA molecules into cells. (2001)

In vivo gene delivery can be achieved by direct injection of plasmid DNA. However, inefficient cellular uptake and nuclear import of plasmid DNA result in much lower levels of gene expression than observed when viral vectors are used as gene delivery agents. Recent studies have shown that transducing peptides, such as the HIV Tat protein, can carry large biomolecules from the extracellular environment directly into the cytoplasm and the nucleus of cells, both in vitro and in vivo. Thus, TAT-mediated transduction has the potential to increase the delivery of plasmid DNA to the nuclei of cells in vivo and thereby increase gene expression.
Computational Fluid Dynamics Investigation of the Static Pressure at the Blade in a Blade Coating Process (2009)

The process of coating textiles with a blade coater has been investigated with CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) software. The simulations have uncovered a pressure drop in the area between the edge of the knife and the textile. This drop can be explained by the varying height of the flow channel which is made of the knife and the textile in conjunction with the no slip condition that is applied to the walls. In the simulations this drop became arbitrarily deep with increasing viscosity leading to negative absolute pressure levels. This may be a hint that the no slip condition is not valid in this scenario that involves shear rates of the order of 103/s and dynamic viscosities of around 10 to 100Pas. With a proposed slip condition for the textile the pressure drop became less pronounced. At the same time the flow rate through the gap between knife and textile was reduced leading to a thinner coating. This can be a hint that a slip between coating material and textile can cause distortions in the coating up to a complete disruption which is reported frequently by the industry. This could eventually be avoided by reducing the varying height of the flow channel. Alternatively a vertical lift of the textile due to the negative pressure was taken into account. This lift appeared only with low tensions of the textile of about 1N/m and showed no influence on coating thickness and pressure drop.
Syntheses, structure, reactivity, and thermal properties of new cyclic phosphine oxide epoxy resins cured by diamines (1996)

A new type of epoxy resin which contained cyclic phosphine oxide group in the main chain was synthesized. The structure of the new type of epoxy resin was confirmed by elemental analyses (EA), infrared spectroscopy (IR), and 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR spectroscopies. In addition, compositions of the new synthesized cyclic phosphine oxide epoxy resin (EPCAO) with three curing agents, e.g., bis(3-aminophenyl)methylphosphine oxide (BAMP), 4,4′-diamino-diphenylmethane (DDM), and 4,4′-diaminodiphenylsulfone (DDS), were used for making a comparison of its curing reactivity, heat, and flame retardancy with that of Epon828 and DEN438. The reactivities were measured by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Through the evaluation of thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), those polymers which were obtained through the curing reactions between the new epoxy resin and three curing agents (BAMP, DDM, DDS) also demonstrated excellent thermal properties as well as a high char yield. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Antigen Presentation: Discovery of the Peptide TAP (2008)

Rat MHC-linked peptide transporter alleles
Simulation-based debugging of soft real-time applications (2002)

We present a temporal debugger, capable of examining time flow of soft real time applications in Unix systems. The debugger is based on a simulator modelling an entire workstation in sufficient detail to run unmodified operating systems and applications. It provides a deterministic and non-intrusive debugging environment, allowing reproducible presentation of program time flow. The primary contribution of the paper is virtual machine translation, a technique necessary to debug applications in a simulated Unix system. We show how a virtual machine translator maps low-level data, provided by the simulator to data useful to a symbolic debugger. The translator operates by parsing data structures in the target operating system and has been implemented for the GNU debugger and simulated Linux systems.
Meclizine Preconditioning Protects the Kidney Against Ischemia–Reperfusion Injury (2015)

Global or local ischemia contributes to the pathogenesis of acute kidney injury (AKI). Currently there are no specific therapies to prevent AKI. Potentiation of glycolytic metabolism and attenuation of mitochondrial respiration may decrease cell injury and reduce reactive oxygen species generation from the mitochondria. Meclizine, an over-the-counter anti-nausea and -dizziness drug, was identified in a 'nutrient-sensitized' chemical screen. Pretreatment with 100 mg/kg of meclizine, 17 h prior to ischemia protected mice from IRI. Serum creatinine levels at 24 h after IRI were 0.13 ± 0.06 mg/dl (sham, n = 3), 1.59 ± 0.10 mg/dl (vehicle, n = 8) and 0.89 ± 0.11 mg/dl (meclizine, n = 8). Kidney injury was significantly decreased in meclizine treated mice compared with vehicle group (p < 0.001). Protection was also seen when meclizine was administered 24 h prior to ischemia. Meclizine reduced inflammation, mitochondrial oxygen consumption, oxidative stress, mitochondrial fragmentation, and tubular injury. Meclizine preconditioned kidney tubular epithelial cells, exposed to blockade of glycolytic and oxidative metabolism with 2-deoxyglucose and NaCN, had reduced LDH and cytochrome c release. Meclizine upregulated glycolysis in glucose-containing media and reduced cellular ATP levels in galactose-containing media. Meclizine inhibited the Kennedy pathway and caused rapid accumulation of phosphoethanolamine. Phosphoethanolamine recapitulated meclizine-induced protection both in vitro and in vivo.
Rapid detection of CTX-M-type ESBLs and carbapenemases directly from biological samples using the BL-DetecTool (2022)

BL-DetecTool showed excellent biological performance, was easy-to-use, rapid, and could be implemented in any microbiology laboratory around the world, without additional equipment, no need for electricity, nor trained personnel. It offers an attractive alternative to costly molecular methods.