gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Gadolinium MRI Contrast Agents Based on Triazine Dendrimers: Relaxivity and In Vivo Pharmacokinetics (2012)

Four gadolinium (Gd)-based macromolecular contrast agents, G3-(Gd-DOTA)(24), G5-(Gd-DOTA)(96), G3-(Gd-DTPA)(24), and G5-(Gd-DTPA)(96), were prepared that varied in the size of dendrimer (generation three and five), the type of chelate group (DTPA or DOTA), and the theoretical number of metalated chelates (24 and 96). Synthesis relied on a dichlorotriazine derivatized with a DOTA or DTPA ligand that was incorporated into the dendrimer and ultimately metalated with Gd ions. Paramagnetic characteristics and in vivo pharmacokinetics of all four contrast agents were investigated. The DOTA-containing agents, G3-(Gd-DOTA)(24) and G5-(Gd-DOTA)(96), demonstrated exceptionally high r1 relaxivity values at off-peak magnetic fields. Additionally, G5-(Gd-DOTA)(96) showed increased r1 relaxivity in serum compared to that in PBS, which was consistent with in vivo images. While G3-(Gd-DOTA)(24) and G3-(Gd-DTPA)(24) were rapidly excreted into the urine, G5-(Gd-DOTA)(96) and G5-(Gd-DTPA)(96) did not clear as quickly through the kidneys. Molecular simulation of the DOTA-containing dendrimers suggests that a majority of the metalated ligands are accessible to water. These triazine dendrimer-based MRI contrast agents exhibit several promising features such as high in vivo r1 relaxivity, desirable pharmacokinetics, and well-defined structure.
A New Method of Modeling Shield Tunnel in Mixed Strata Based on FISH Language (2020)

Abstract In order to solve the problem specific to modeling shield tunnel in mixed strata with FLAC3D, a new method based on FISH language is proposed. By means of the new proposed method, the shield tunnel as well as the stratum inside and outside the tunnel are precisely modeled in FLAC3D. Compared with the traditional way, the new method in the paper is both convenient and accurate. Then the new method is proved to be reasonable through the numerical result of an instance. Consequently, the new method in the paper can be applied to further numerical analysis in FLAC3D.
Physico-chimie et rhéologie de géopolymères frais pour la cimentation des puits pétroliers (2010)

Geopolymers appear as a potential alternative to the conventional cement materials. Alkali aluminosilicate materials also called geopolymers are amorphous materials produced from metakaolin or fly-ash reacting with alkali hydroxide/alkali silicate solution. The aim of this thesis is to evaluate the potential of geopolymers for the construction of oil wells. The lack of knowledge on the rheological behavior and on the mechanical and chemical evolution from mixing to setting of geopolymers, guided this thesis. Therefore, techniques as diverse as NMR, SAXS, DLS and USWR have been mobilized to explain the rheological and mechanical observations. Initially, we studied the viscosity of one of the reactant of geopolymerization : the alkaline liquor. We have shown that variations of the viscosity can be explained thank to considerations of specific volumes of the species in solution. The variations of these specific volumes as a function of composition can be rationalized by invoking phenomena such as molar excess volume, linked to the solvation of ions and ion pairing. Once the liquor's viscosity is known, it is possible to follow the evolution of the rheological proprieties of the suspensions of metakaolin, in the early hours of reaction, as a function of the composition and temperature. Finally, a combined monitoring of the dissolution of metakaolin by solid state NMR, and of the development of the mechanical properties of the geopolymer matrix from mixing to hardening by USWR allowed to conclude that the dissolution of metakaolin is the limiting step of the geopolymerization.
A SUBCLINICAL OUTBREAK OF HUMAN RHINOVIRUS 31 INFECTION IN CHIMPANZEES1 (1968)

Journal Article A SUBCLINICAL OUTBREAK OF HUMAN RHINOVIRUS 31 INFECTION IN CHIMPANZEES Get access ELLIOT C. DICK, ELLIOT C. DICK Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar CLAIRE R. DICK CLAIRE R. DICK Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar American Journal of Epidemiology, Volume 88, Issue 2, September 1968, Pages 267–272, https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a120885 Published: 01 September 1968 Article history Received: 04 March 1968 Published: 01 September 1968
Direct measurement of DNA bending by type IIA topoisomerases: implications for non-equilibrium topology simplification (2011)

Type IIA topoisomerases modify DNA topology by passing one segment of duplex DNA (transfer or T-segment) through a transient double-strand break in a second segment of DNA (gate or G-segment) in an ATP-dependent reaction. Type IIA topoisomerases decatenate, unknot and relax supercoiled DNA to levels below equilibrium, resulting in global topology simplification. The mechanism underlying this non-equilibrium topology simplification remains speculative. The bend angle model postulates that non-equilibrium topology simplification scales with the bend angle imposed on the G-segment DNA by the binding of a type IIA topoisomerase. To test this bend angle model, we used atomic force microscopy and single-molecule Förster resonance energy transfer to measure the extent of bending imposed on DNA by three type IIA topoisomerases that span the range of topology simplification activity. We found that Escherichia coli topoisomerase IV, yeast topoisomerase II and human topoisomerase IIα each bend DNA to a similar degree. These data suggest that DNA bending is not the sole determinant of non-equilibrium topology simplification. Rather, they suggest a fundamental and conserved role for DNA bending in the enzymatic cycle of type IIA topoisomerases.
Heritable translocations induced by dermal exposure of male mice to acrylamide (2004)

Acrylamide (AA) is an important industrial chemical used mainly in the production of polymers. It can be absorbed through the skin. AA was shown to be a germ cell clastogen that entails a genetic risk for exposed workers. The genetic risk calculation was based on mouse heritable translocation test data obtained after acute intraperitoneal (ip) exposure (Adler et al., 1994). To obtain a correction factor between ip and dermal exposure, dominant lethal and heritable translocation tests were carried out with dermal exposure of male mice to AA. In the dominant lethal test, male (102/El x C3H/El)F1 mice were exposed by dermal application to the shaved backs of 50 mg/kg AA per day on five consecutive days or to five daily ip injections of 50 mg/kg AA. One day after the end of exposure, the males were mated to untreated females of the same hybrid stock for four days and females were changed every four days for a total of five matings. Dominant lethal effects were found during matings 1-3. For ip exposure, these values were 81.7, 85.7 and 45.4%, respectively; for dermal exposure the corresponding values were 22.1, 30.6 and 16.5%, respectively. In the heritable translocation assay, male C3H/El mice were treated with five dermal exposures of 50 mg/kg AA and mated 1.5-8.5 days after the end of exposure to untreated female 102/El mice. Pregnant females were allowed to come to term and all offspring were raised to maturity. Translocation carriers among the F1 progeny were selected by a sequential fertility testing and cytogenetic analysis including G-band karyotyping and M-FISH. A total of 475 offspring were screened and 41 translocation carriers were identified. The observed translocation frequency after dermal exposure was 8.6% as compared to 21.9% after similar ip exposure (Adler, 1990). The calculated ratio of ip vs. dermal exposure of 0.39 can be applied to obtain a more realistic calculation of genetic risk for dermally exposed workers.
Site Diversity Experiment in Q-Band Satellite Communications in Slovenia and Hungary (2023)

To enable throughput rates in the terabit-per-second range, future satellite communications will have to utilize a large available bandwidth in the Q-band and above. At these high frequencies, the signal is severely degraded and attenuated by tropospheric phenomena, especially rainfall, which reduces the availability of satellite communication link and degrades the quality of service. Site diversity is an efficient technique used to mitigate the rain attenuation. In this paper, we evaluate the performance of the large-scale site diversity system consisting of ground stations in Ljubljana and Budapest based on long-term satellite signal measurement campaigns of Alphasat at 39.402 GHz. The measured attenuation time series are statistically analyzed and presented for a period of one year and compared with three representative prediction models.
Acetylcholine and Choline Amperometric Enzyme Sensors Characterized in Vitro and in Vivo (2004)

Acetylcholine (ACh) and choline (Ch) are important neuroactive molecules, yet detection of these substances in vivo presents significant analytical challenges. New multienzyme amperometric biosensors are presented here with measurement of physiologically relevant levels of ACh and Ch in vivo. Poly(m-(1,3)-phenylenediamine) (pmPD) electropolymerized on a platinum iridium wire (Pt) served as a template for immobilization of enzymes. A multienzyme layer containing choline oxidase (ChOx) and ascorbic acid oxidase (AAO) for a Ch sensor or ChOx, acetylcholinesterase (AChE), and AAO for a ACh/Ch sensor was immobilized with bovine serum albumin by cross-linking with glutaraldeyhyde. The pmPD enzyme sensors displayed enhanced sensitivity, stability, and selectivity compared to the same multienzyme systems immobilized to solvent cast Nafion and cellulose acetate-modified Pt. Sensor response was linear up to 100 microM ACh or Ch. Detection limits were 0.66 +/- 0.46 microM ACh and 0.33 +/- 0.09 microM Ch, and response times were <1 s. Selectivity for Ch and ACh relative to potential interferences and pharmacological agents commonly used to examine cholinergic physiology was demonstrated. Temperature and pH dependence and the effect of storage conditions on sensor sensitivity and selectivity were determined. Exogenous and endogenous Ch and ACh were measured in the rat brain in vivo.
Change in cell adhesion property on cytocompatible interface using phospholipid polymer grafted with poly(D,L-lactic acid)segment for tissue engineering (2003)

Tissue engineering is a multi-disciplinary science that utilizes basic principles from materials engineering and molecular biology to reconstruct tissues from polymer matrices and cellular components. Artificial skins were well known as one of the concrete examples. Technological innovation of the tissue engineering must be contributed to improve quality of life. From the viewpoint, design of cytocompatible materials for tissue engineering would be the most important candidate to reconstruct tissue. 2-Methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine (MPC), n-butyl methacrylate, and polylactic acid (PLA) macromonomer were polymerized for the preparation of cytocompatible interface. The polymer may involve following novel properties: (i) cytocompatibility by phospholipid groups, and (ii) enhancement of cell adhesion by PLA segment. The results of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy showed the MPC unit and PLA segment on the membrane, which was prepared by dip coating. The surface mobility by contacting water was estimated with static contact angle measurement. The contact angle by water decreased after contact with water due to the chain rearrangement of hydrophilic MPC unit. Fibroblast cells adhesion and protein adsorption on the membranes were studied. The number of cell adhesion and cell proliferation on the membrane was well correlated with each other. Furthermore, the number of cell adhesion was proportional to the PLA macromonomer (MaPLA) composition. The adherent cell morphology showed round shape, because of the existence of MPC unit. However, the cell morphology would be spread after the cell proliferation. These findings suggest that the change in the polymer composition by combination of MPC and MaPLA could regulate the number of cell adhesion and the morphology.
Femtosecond Spectroscopy of Au Hot-Electron Injection into TiO2: Evidence for Au/TiO2 Plasmon Photocatalysis by Bactericidal Au Ions and Related Phenomena (2019)

In the present work, we provide evidence for visible light irradiation of the Au/TiO₂ nanoparticles' surface plasmon resonance band (SPR) leading to electron injection from the Au nanoparticles to the conduction band of TiO₂. The Au/TiO₂ SPR band is shown to greatly enhance the light absorption of TiO₂ in the visible region. Evidence is presented for the light absorption by the Au/TiO₂ plasmon bands leading to the dissolution of Au nanoparticles. This dissolution occurs concomitantly with the injection of the hot electrons generated by the Au plasmon into the conduction band of TiO₂. The electron injection from the Au nanoparticles into TiO₂ was followed by femtosecond spectroscopy. The formation of Au ions was further confirmed by the spectral shift of the transient absorption spectra of Au/TiO₂. The spectral changes of the SPR band of Au/TiO₂ nanoparticles induced by visible light were detected by spectrophotometer, and the morphological transformation of Au/TiO₂ was revealed by electron microscopy techniques as well. Subsequently, the fate of the Au ions was sorted out during the growth and biofilm formation for some selected Gram-negative bacteria. This study compares the bactericidal mechanism of Au ions and Ag ions, which were found to be substantially different depending on the selected cell used as a probe.
HEAVEN: The head anastomosis venture Project outline for the first human head transplantation with spinal linkage (GEMINI) (2013)

In 1970, the first cephalosomatic linkage was achieved in the monkey. However, the technology did not exist for reconnecting the spinal cord, and this line of research was no longer pursued. In this paper, an outline for the first total cephalic exchange in man is provided and spinal reconnection is described. The use of fusogens, special membrane-fusion substances, is discussed in view of the first human cord linkage. Several human diseases without cure might benefit from the procedure.
Nucleation and Growth of b-Axis Oriented PrBa2Cu3O7-X Thin Films on LaSrGaO4 (100) Substrates (1997)

Good quality a-axis oriented thin films of YBa 2 Cu 3 O 7 x may be grown by the use of a PrBa 2 Cu 3 O 7 x (PBCO) layer as a template. Here we present a detailed study of the nucleation of the PBCO layer, explaining the orientations observed. It is determined that the wavy surface of a LaSrGaO 4 (LSGO) (100) substrate consists of the f101g planes by observing cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy images of the interface between the PBCO film and the substrate. The images and selected area diffraction patterns show that a mixed cand b-axis oriented PBCO layer was initially grown on the substrate, followed by pure b-axis oriented PBCO growth. We explain that the c-axis oriented growth is the result of the growth of the PBCO (019) planes on the LSGO (101) planes. We conclude that the nucleation and growth of the PBCO films at the initial stages depends on the crystallographic plane of the substrate surfaces, however, as the film grows further, the kinetics of the deposition process favors b-axis oriented growth.
Palladium-catalyzed reaction of tributyltin hydride with acyl chlorides. A mild, selective, and general route to aldehydes (1981)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPalladium-catalyzed reaction of tributyltin hydride with acyl chlorides. A mild, selective, and general route to aldehydesP. Four and F. GuibeCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1981, 46, 22, 4439–4445Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1981Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1981https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00335a023https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00335a023research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2002Altmetric-Citations112LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Flight dynamics characteristics of canard rotor/wing aircraft in helicopter flight mode (2019)

The aerodynamic layout of the Canard Rotor/Wing (CRW) aircraft in helicopter flight mode differs significantly from that of conventional helicopters. In order to study the flight dynamics characteristics of CRW aircraft in helicopter mode, first, the aerodynamic model of the main rotor system is established based on the blade element theory and wind tunnel test results. The aerodynamic forces and moments of the canard wing, horizontal tail, vertical tail and fuselage are obtained via theoretical analysis and empirical formula. The flight dynamics model of the CRW aircraft in helicopter mode is developed and validated by flight test data. Next, a method of model trimming using an optimization algorithm is proposed. The flight dynamics characteristics of the CRW are investigated by the method of linearized small perturbations via Simulink. The trim results are consistent with the conventional helicopter characteristics, and the results show that with increasing forward flight speed, the canard wing and horizontal tail can provide considerable lift, which reflects the unique characteristics of the CRW aircraft. Finally, mode analysis is implemented for the linearized CRW in helicopter mode. The results demonstrate that the stability of majority modes increases with increasing flight speed. However, one mode that diverges monotonously, and the reason is that the CRW helicopter mode has a large vertical tail compared to the conventional helicopter. The results of the dynamic analysis provide optimization guidance and reference for the overall design of the CRW aircraft in helicopter mode, and the model developed can be used for control system design.
Rate Regions for coherent and noncoherent multisource network error correction (2009)

In this paper we derive capacity regions for network error correction with both known and unknown topologies (coherent and non-coherent network coding) under a multiple-source multicast transmission scenario. For the multiple-source non-multicast scenario, given any achievable network code for the error-free case, we construct a code with a reduced rate region for the case with errors.
Real-time estimation of small-area populations with human biomarkers in sewage (2012)

A new approach is conceptualized for measuring small-area human populations by using biomarkers in sewage. The basis for the concept (SCIM: Sewage Chemical-Information Mining) is supported by a comprehensive examination and synthesis of data published across several disciplines, including medicine, microbiology, clinical chemistry, and environmental science. Accurate measures of human populations are fundamental to numerous disciplines, including economics, marketing, politics, sociology, public health and safety (e.g., disease management; assessment of natural hazards; disaster prevention and response), quality of life, and the environment. Knowing the size, distribution, and flow of a small-area (local) population facilitates understanding the numerous and complex linkages and interactions between humans and the environment. Examples include material-flow (substance-flow) analysis, determining the magnitude of per capita contribution of pollutant loadings to watersheds, or forecasting future impacts of local populations on the environment or a population's demands on resources. While no definitive approach exists for measuring small-area populations, census-taking is a long-established convention. No approach exists, however, for gauging small-area populations in real-time, as none is able to capture population dynamics, which involve transient changes (e.g., daily influx and efflux) and lasting changes (e.g., births, deaths, change in residence). Accurate measurement of small-area populations in real time has never been possible but is essential for facilitating the design of more sustainable communities. Real-time measurement would provide communities the capability of testing what-if scenarios in design and policy decisions. After evaluation of a range of biomarkers (including the nitrogenous waste product creatinine, which has been long used in clinical chemistry as a parameter to normalize the concentrations of other urinary excretion products to account for urine dilution), the biomarker with the most potential for the SCIM concept for real-time measurement of population was determined to be coprostanol - the major sterol produced by microbial reduction of cholesterol in the colon.
Speedy greedy feature selection: Better redshift estimation via massive parallelism. (2014)

Abstract. Nearest neighbor models are among the most basic tools in machine learning, and recent work has demonstrated their effectiveness in the field of astronomy. The performance of these models crucially depends on the underlying metric, and in particular on the selection of a meaningful subset of informative features. The feature selection is task-dependent and usually very time-consuming. In this work, we propose an efficient parallel implementation of incremental feature selection for nearest neighbor models utilizing nowadays graphics processing units. Our framework provides significant computational speed-ups over its sequential single-core competitor of up to two orders of magnitude. We demonstrate the applicability of the overall scheme on one of the most challenging tasks in astronomy: redshift estimation for distant galaxies. 1
The Influence of quantum dots on the optical properties of a room temperature cholesteric liquid crystal (2022)

In the present investigation, we have undertaken photoluminescence, UV–Vis absorbance, transmission and polarised light microscopy of the composites of a cholesteric liquid crystal (CLC) doped with quantum dots (QDs). The locally formed QDs clusters may distort the CLC’s helix to induce an imperfect planar texture and cause broadening of CLC’s photonic band gap. This broadening is accompanied by a change of the wavelength positions of the central and both the long and short band-edges of the photonic band gap as the concentration of the doped QDs increases. A remarkable enhancement in the photoluminescence intensity of CLC materials is observed by doping with QDs. A decrement in the FWHM parameter also supports this increased photoluminescence intensity. The UV absorbance increases for the QDs dispersed CLC material and is followed by a slight red shift when compared to the pure CLC. The optical band gap obtained by the Tauc plot method suggests that the observed optical band gap narrows after the dispersion of QDs into the CLC. The outcome of these investigations proves that the dispersion of QDs in CLC is beneficial and may be useful in liquid crystal displays and other opto-electronic devices, which require less band gap materials.