gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Failure of PFC inhibition assays to distinguish idiotypically between clonotypes that are readily distinguishable by RIA analysis. (1985)

Two different hemolytic plaque assay protocols that are commonly used to quantitate idiotype-positive antibody-secreting cells have been compared to a standard radioimmunoassay (RIA) to test for their ability to discriminate between related, but idiotypically distinct, clonotypes. The idiotype proband used in this analysis is the individual specific idiotype associated with the dextran-binding myeloma protein M104E (M104E IdI). Antibodies specific for this private idiotype (anti-M104E IdI) were purified by a combination of adsorption and affinity chromatography of the immunoglobulin fraction isolated from the sera of rabbits repeatedly immunized with M104E. The same affinity-purified anti-M104E IdI antibodies were used in the hemolytic plaque assays and in the RIA. In one of the plaque assays, the putative idiotype-positive antibody-forming cells were scored by lysis of target erythrocytes to which the anti-idiotype had been covalently coupled. In the other plaque assay, the idiotype-positive cells were determined indirectly by anti-idiotype inhibition of PFC produced on dextran-coupled target erythrocytes. The fidelity of these two assays to quantitate the M104E private idiotype expression in individual BALB/c mice after a single immunization with dextran B-1355S was determined by comparing the plaque assay data to the data generated by a double-antibody, post-precipitation RIA of either the antibodies in the serum or of monoclonal antibodies produced by hybridomas. Our data indicate that both plaque assay protocols reflect an overestimate of the actual expression of M104E private idiotype. By using a library of dextran-specific hybridomas (that have been characterized in an RIA with respect to their M104E IdI cross-reactivity), we have shown that the PFC overestimate of the M104E expression observed in dextran-immune mice is due to the inability of both plaque assay protocols to distinguish between dextran-specific clonotypes that express idiotypes cross-reactive with, but not identical to, the 104E IdI. We conclude that the plaque assay should be used only in conjunction with an RIA to estimate the idiotype expression. This is especially true in situations where closely related cross-reactive idiotype families exist.
Laser-induced diffusion by irradiation of silicon dipped into an organic solution of the dopant (1981)

A new method for preparation of p-n junctions is presented. It consists in dipping the silicon to be doped into an organic liquid containing the dopant and irradiating its surface through the liquid with a high-energy pulsed ruby laser. It is shown that by this treatment the dopant is driven into the crystal and that abrupt junctions with high doping levels can be realized. Using this simple technique, solar cells with AM1 efficiencies above 13% can be prepared.
Efficient In-Memory Processing Using Spintronics (2017)

As the overhead of data retrieval becomes forbidding, bringing processor logic to the memory where the data reside becomes more energy-efficient. While traditional CMOS structures are unsuited to the tight integration of logic and memory, emerging spintronic technologies show remarkable versatility. This paper introduces a novel spintronics-based processing-in-memory (PIM) framework called computational RAM (CRAM) to solve data-intensive computing problems.
Bandwidth Bottleneck in Network-on-Chip for High-Throughput Processors (2020)

A critical component of high-throughput processors such as GPGPUs is the network-on-chip (NoC) that interconnects the cores and the memory partitions together. Different NoC architectures for throughput processors have been proposed but they have often been based on similar principles as multicore (or CPU) NoC, including emphasis on bisection bandwidth and the traffic pattern. In this work, we identify how such prior approaches are not necessarily applicable to NoC in throughput processor. We identify how different bandwidth bottleneck can be created in high-throughput processors and NoC design for throughput processors need to be re-evaluated.
[Elimination of apoptotic granulosa cells in atretic follicles: the role of macrophages and intact granulosa cells]. (2002)

The present minireview describes a phenomenon by which phagocytic cells dispose of apoptotic granulosa cells during the process of atresia in mature (graafian) follicles from the guinea pig ovary. 1. Intact granulosa cells take part in the phagocytosis of dying granulosa cells at the early stages of atresia. 2. In addition, macrophages are present within large atretic follicles in order to remove dead granulosa cells and their debris. 3. These two kinds of phagocytic cells remain within the follicle until its atretic stages become considerably advanced. 4. A small number of macrophages are rarely discernible within the growing large follicles of the ovaries during the metestrus period. From these observations, the intrafollicular macrophages and the phagocytic granulosa cells are therefore considered to play an important role in the dynamics of the follicle, especially during both its development and atresia.
A new video object motion estimation technique, based on evolutionary programming (2002)

In order to achieve higher video coding efficiency, a new motion estimation and compensation technique has been developed, based on an evolutionary programming algorithm written in C++, that considers not only video object translations, but also rotations and color. The proposed method works as an optimization technique which uses co-evolutionary multipopulation strategy that processes the video objects of a previously segmented initial image of a video sequence, in order to build as many video object motion phenotype (VOMP) populations as main video objects are defined from the segmentation process. The designed and tested algorithm considers only one video object per planar image layer. A (VOMP) is a strings of concatenated parameters, representing predicted video object motion coefficients color information (R,G,B) and fitness values. A test frame is build with the aid of one phenotype string from each of the VOMP populations. Simulations with synthetic images have shown very encouraging results with the proposed motion estimation and compensation algorithm.
Elucidation of the function of type 1 human methionine aminopeptidase during cell cycle progression (2006)

Processing of the N-terminal initiator methionine is an essential cellular process conserved from prokaryotes to eukaryotes. The enzymes that remove N-terminal methionine are known as methionine aminopeptidases (MetAPs). Human MetAP2 has been shown to be required for the proliferation of endothelial cells and angiogenesis. The physiological function of MetAP1, however, has remained elusive. In this report we demonstrate that a family of inhibitors with a core structure of pyridine-2-carboxylic acid previously developed for the bacterial and yeast MetAP1 is also specific for human MetAP1 (HsMetAP1), as confirmed by both enzymatic assay and high-resolution x-ray crystallography. Treatment of tumor cell lines with the MetAP1-specific inhibitors led to an accumulation of cells in the G(2)/M phase, suggesting that HsMetAP1 may play an important role in G(2)/M phase transition. Overexpression of HsMetAP1, but not HsMetAP2, conferred resistance of cells to the inhibitors, and the inhibitors caused retention of N-terminal methionine of a known MetAP substrate, suggesting that HsMetAP1 is the cellular target for the inhibitors. In addition, when HsMetAP1 was knocked down by gene-specific siRNA, cells exhibited slower progression during G(2)/M phase, a phenotype similar to cells treated with MetAP1 inhibitors. Importantly, MetAP1 inhibitors were able to induce apoptosis of leukemia cell lines, presumably as a consequence of their interference with the G(2)/M phase checkpoint. Together, these results suggest that MetAP1 plays an important role in G(2)/M phase of the cell cycle and that it may serve as a promising target for the discovery and development of new anticancer agents.
Enhanced Antitumor Efficacy of a DR5-Specific TRAIL Variant over Recombinant Human TRAIL in a Bioluminescent Ovarian Cancer Xenograft Model (2009)

rhTRAIL-DR5 was superior over rhTRAIL in vitro and in vivo against DR5-expressing ovarian cancer also in combination with cisplatin. Intraperitoneal administration of rhTRAIL-DR5 warrants further exploration in ovarian cancer.
Good Agricultural Practices, Quality, Traceability, and Precision Agriculture (2015)

Agricultural production is part of a long chain of activities that starts from seeding and stretches all the way to the consumer. It should meet consumer expectations in terms of quality, safety, and also value or price. Many intermediate steps are involved and these often involve handling, storage, and transportation across national borders or continents. Precision agriculture (PA) technologies share the underlying ideas of good agricultural practices (GAP) and may become important tools for complying with regulations and for documentation of the production conditions as a proof of compliance. Precision farming and the use of global positioning systems (GPS) on agricultural machinery provide location and time information for all treatments. GAP reduces the incidence and intensity of pests and diseases, and also the use of chemical control methods. GAP implies that the correct dose of fertilizer is applied at the correct moment and in the correct way.
APS Y2O3 Environmental Barrier Coatings with high CMAS-Resistance (2014)

Al2O3/Al2O3 ceramic matrix composites (CMCs) are candidate materials for combustor walls of next generation gas turbines. The maximum CMC operation temperatures, however, are limited since Al2O3 is prone to thermochemical recession in combustion environments. The application of environmental barrier coatings (EBC) is considered a suitable way to overcome the recession problem. Y2O3 is a potential EBC material for Al2O3/Al2O3 CMCs due to its high thermal and chemical stability and a thermal expansion close to Al2O3. Different types of continuous fiber reinforced Al2O3/Al2O3 CMC substrates were coated with Y2O3 by air plasma spraying (APS). Upon isothermal and thermocyclic heat treatments APS Y2O3 coatings exhibit good adherence to Al2O3/Al2O3 CMCs. This is due to the low thermal mismatch and the formation of an approximately one micron thick reaction zone at the Y2O3-Al2O3 interface, comprising a thermodynamically stable sequence of garnet-type Y3Al5O12, perowskite-type YAlO3 and monoclinic Y4Al2O4. The response of APS Y2O3 to high-temperature attack by molten mineral dusts was studied using synthetic CMAS powders. It turns out that melt CMAS melt infiltration of APS Y2O3 is low, which is explained by the dense microstructure and a rapid formation of a continous Ca,Y-oxyapatite.
Breaking performance of protection devices for automotive dc powertrains with a voltage of 450 V (2014)

For the application in low-voltage direct current grids technically sophisticated switchgear and protective devices are needed, because of the electrical requirements. A particular case is the dc powertrain of an electric vehicle. Hard requirements are prescribed with regard to volume, weight and power losses of the switchgear in the on-state by the car manufacturers. To ensure personal protection, it is necessary to control the system parameters in every operating condition. Therefore exemplary commercial switchgear has been researched for the application in a high-voltage automotive dc powertrain. The chosen contactors have been investigated focusing on contacts, arcing chambers and switching behavior. The breaking ability has been tested at a voltage of 450 V and prospective currents in the range from 5 A up to 1500 A. The tests include bidirectional power flows as well as time constants of 0 ms and 1 ms.
Abstract 680: Quinacrine sensitizes hepatocellular carcinoma cells to TRAIL via up-regulating DR5 and eradicating MCL-1 (2010)

Abstract Quinacrine has been widely explored in treatment of malaria, giardiasis, and rheumatic diseases. We find that quinacrine stabilizes p53 and induces p53-dependent and independent tumor cell death. Structurally, quinacrine bears similar characteristics with DNA-intercalating agents. Indeed, quinacrine competes with Propidium Iodide and shows a high binding affinity to DNA. Interestingly, quinacrine is a fluorescent dye that can be visualized under a laser microscope. In live cells, quinacrine is mainly clustered in the cytoplasm with a faint fluorescent signal in the nucleus. If the cells are fixed with methanol, quinacrine accumulates predominantly in the nucleus. Treatment by quinacrine alone at concentrations of 10-20 μM for 1-2 days can not kill hepatocellular carcinoma cells, such as HepG2, Hep3B, Huh7, which are also resistant to TRAIL. However, quinacrine renders these cells sensitive to treatment of TRAIL significantly. Co-treatment of these cells with quinacrine and TRAIL induces overwhelming cell death in 3-4 hr. Western blotting shows the level of DR5, a pro-apoptotic death receptor of TRAIL, is increased while MCL-1, a member of the Bcl-2 family, is decreased. While the synergistic effect of quinacrine with TRAIL appears to be in part independent of p53, knockdown of p53 in HepG2 cells by siRNA results in more cell death after treatment by quinacrine and TRAIL. The mechanism of quinacrine sensitization of hepatocellular carcinoma cells and the potential for clinical application are being further explored. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 680.
{\rm E} - A Generic Event Model for Event-Centric Multimedia Data Management in eChronicle Applications (2006)

eChronicle applications are inherently event-centric, enabling users to find and explore important events in an application domain and providing unified access to any media that document them. Today’s multimedia data management components such as multimedia databases, however, are largely media-centric, considering events - if at all - just as one of many pieces of media metadata. Obfuscating event exploration and event-driven access to media, they are only of limited use for the implementation of eChronicle applications. Using a concrete eChronicle application in the defense domain, this paper motivates the need for event-centric multimedia data management components. As a foundation, the paper proposes the multimedia event model and discusses essential design considerations for the development of that model. {\rm E}’s genericity and profound adaptability to varying application needs make the model a suitable foundation for reusable multimedia data management components that are useful not only for eChronicle applications, but for any multimedia application where event-driven access to content is of interest.
Routing Protocol Design for Underwater Optical Wireless Sensor Networks: A Multiagent Reinforcement Learning Approach (2020)

Underwater optical wireless sensor networks (UOWSNs) have been attracting many interests for the advantages of high transmission rate, ultrawide bandwidth, and low latency. However, due to limited energy resources and highly dynamic topology caused by the water flow movement, it is challenging to provide a low-consumption and reliable routing in UOWSNs. To tackle this issue, in this article, we propose an efficient routing protocol based on multiagent reinforcement learning, termed as DMARL, for UOWSNs. The network is first modeled as a distributed multiagent system, and residual energy and link quality are considered into the routing protocol design to improve the adaptation to a dynamic environment and the support of prolonging network life. Additionally, two optimization strategies are proposed to accelerate the convergence of the reinforcement learning algorithm. On the basis, a reward mechanism is provided for the distributed system. The simulation results show that the DMARL-based routing protocol has low energy consumption and high packet delivery ratio (over 90%), and it is suitable for networks where the average number of neighbor nodes is less than 14.
Advanced separation technology for flue gas cleanup. Quarterly technical report No. 5, [April--June 1993] (1993)

The objective of this work is to develop a novel system for regenerable SO{sub 2} and NO{sub x} scrubbing of flue gas that focuses on (a) a novel method for regeneration of spent SO{sub 2} scrubbing liquor and (b) novel chemistry for reversible absorption of NO{sub x}. In addition, high efficiency hollow fiber contactors (HFC) are proposed as the devices for scrubbing the SO{sub 2} and NO{sub x} from the flue gas. The system will be designed to remove more than 95% of the SO{sub x} and more than 75% of the NO{sub x} from flue gases typical of pulverized coal-fired power plants at a cost that is at least 20% less than combined wet limestone scrubbing of SO{sub x} and selective catalytic reduction of NO{sub x}. In addition, the process will make only marketable byproducts, if any (no waste streams). The major cost item in existing technology is capital investment. Therefore, our approach is to reduce the capital cost by using high efficiency hollow fiber devices for absorbing and desorbing the SO{sub 2} and NO{sub x}. We will also introduce new process chemistry to minimize traditionally well-known problems with SO{sub 2} and NO{sub x} absorption and desorption. For example, we will extract the SO{sub 2} from the aqueous scrubbing liquor into an oligomer of dimethylaniline to avoid the problem of organic liquid losses in the regeneration of the organic liquid. Our novel chemistry for scrubbing NO{sub x} will consist of water soluble phthalocyanine compounds invented by SRI and also of polymeric forms of Fe{sup ++} complexes similar to traditional NO{sub x} scrubbing media described in the open literature. Our past work with the phthalocyanine compounds, used as sensors for NO and NO{sub 2} in flue gases, shows that these compounds bind NO and NO{sub 2} reversibly and with no interference from O{sub 2}, CO{sub 2}, SO{sub 2}, or other components of flue gas.
Evaluation of postural stability in children with hemiplegic cerebral palsy (2016)

[Purpose] Postural stability is the ability of to maintain the position of the body within the support area. This function is affected in cerebral palsy. The aim of the present study was to compare static and dynamic postural stability between children with hemiplegic cerebral palsy and healthy controls. [Subjects and Methods] Thirty-seven children between the ages of 5 and 14 diagnosed with hemiplegic cerebral palsy (19 right, 18 left) and 23 healthy gender- and age-matched controls were included in the study. Postural stability was evaluated in both of the groups using a Neurocom Balance. Sway velocity was measured both with the eyes open and closed. Sit to stand and turning abilities were also assessed. [Results] The sway velocities with the eyes open and closed were significantly different between the groups. The weight transfer time in the Sit to Stand test was also significantly slower in children with cerebral palsy. Children with cerebral palsy also showed slower turning times and greater sway velocities during the Step and Quick Turn test on a force plate compared with their healthy counterparts. [Conclusion] Both static and dynamic postural stability parameters are affected in hemiplegic cerebral palsy. Further research is needed to define rehabilitation interventions to improve these parameters in patients.
Short Term Safety and Pharmacokinetics of the Selective NOS Inhibitor 2-Iminobiotin in Asphyxiated Neonates during Therapeutic Hypothermia: Protocol for the 2-STEP Study (2018)

Background: Despite treatment with therapeutic hypothermia 45% of neonates with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy show an adverse outcome. Interventions combining hypothermia with additional neuroprotective strategies are needed in order to further improve the outcome of these neonates. The selective inhibitor of nNOS and iNOS 2-Iminobiotin has shown neuroprotective properties in animal models, but has not been combined with therapeutic hypothermia in humans. Methods: A single centre open label, prospective study will be performed. Term and near-term neonates treated with therapeutic hypothermia after perinatal asphyxia without major congenital malformations will be eligible for inclusion. In group A (N=6), patients will receive 4 bolus infusions of 2-iminobiotin (0.16 mg/kg) every 6 h. Short term safety will be assessed by monitoring of any changes in vital signs, aEEG or cerebral saturation using near-infrared spectrometry. For pharmacokinetic analyses, five blood samples of 0.4 ml per patient will be taken. Nonlinear mixed effects modelling (NONMEM) will be used to calculate individual area under the concentration time curves (AUC) as well as population parameters for clearance and distribution. After group A, an interim analysis will take place to determine the dosing regimen for group B (N=6). Discussion: This study will be the first to evaluate the use of 2-Iminobiotin in addition to therapeutic hypothermia in human neonates. Results from this study will contribute to the design and dosing regimen of a placebo controlled randomized controlled trial evaluating the efficacy of 2-Iminobiotin in this population as well as providing an understanding of 2-Iminobiotin pharmacokinetic parameters. Trail registration: European Clinical Trials Database (2014-004265-25) and the Netherlands Trial Register (www.trialregister.nl: NTR5221).
ChemInform Abstract: Bulk Superconductive Materials for Levitation Applications (1997)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Implementation of Parameterized Work Piece Deviations and Measurement Uncertainties into Performant Meta-models for an Improved Tolerance Specification (2019)

Abstract Geometrical work piece deviations are unavoidable and directly affect the function and quality of technological products. Tolerance management is regarded as a crucial subtask of the development of technological products, because it ensures the function as well as a sufficient product quality while maintaining reasonable production costs. That means, that geometric tolerances as an essential part of the product description greatly affect the functional capability, manufacturability, mountability, verifiability and the costs of the final product. The research group FOR 2271 was founded to enable the computer-aided specification of tolerances, which meet the requirements of production, assembly, verification and function by close cooperation between the departments responsible for product design, assembly and metrology. The aim of this contribution is to determine the manufacturing process scatter as well as the measurement uncertainty and establish ways and means to include that information into efficient meta-models, ultimately enabling improved and accurate tolerance analyses.