gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Thermal energy storage for industrial waste heat recovery (1978)

The potential is examined for waste heat recovery and reuse through thermal energy storage in five specific industrial categories: (1) primary aluminum, (2) cement, (3) food processing, (4) paper and pulp, and (5) iron and steel. Preliminary results from Phase 1 feasibility studies suggest energy savings through fossil fuel displacement approaching 0.1 quad/yr in the 1985 period. Early implementation of recovery technologies with minimal development appears likely in the food processing and paper and pulp industries; development of the other three categories, though equally desirable, will probably require a greater investment in time and dollars.
Dynamic dramatization of multimedia story presentations (1997)

We describe a novel dynamic dramatization method for narrative presentations. This method accepts as input the original story material, along with a description of its plot written in a special-purpose language. It then analyzes the plot to identify interesting dramatic situations in the story. Based on this content analysis, a presentation manager organizes the presentation and enriches it with appropriate multimedia effects. These effects are associated with interesting dramatic situations, and serve to increase suspense and emphasize plot developments in the narrative. Our method can be used for the development of intelligent front-ends to story databases, for directing assistants in computer-based renditions of narrative works, or for real-time direction of interactive entertainment systems. We are integrating this system in an interactive storytelling environment for Greek mythology.
AUXOSPORE FINE STRUCTURE IN A MARINE ARAPHID DIATOMTABULARIA PARVA (2008)

Recent studies have led to a rapid increase in our knowledge of auxospore structure in diatoms. However, these studies have been limited to centric and raphid pennate diatoms, and there is still very little information on the sexual reproduction in araphid pennate diatoms. Using LM and SEM, the fine structure of the auxospore of the marine epiphytic diatom Tabularia parva (Kützing) Williams & Round were studied. The auxospores were bipolar, as in many other pennate diatoms. SEM revealed a series of transverse perizonial bands that may all be open hoops. No distinct primary transverse perizonial band was detected. A series of longitudinal perizonial bands was observed beneath the transverse series. The well-developed structures of the longitudinal series observed in T. parva have not been reported before in other araphid pennate diatom taxa. Scales were mainly found on the external surface of the perizonium, but curiously they rarely existed on its inner surface, presumably because the scale formation is not strictly regulated during latter stage of centrifugal perizonium development in the pennate diatoms.
Structural micro-porous carbon anode for rechargeable lithium-ion batteries (2023)

A secondary battery having a rechargeable lithium-containing anode, a cathode and a separator positioned between the cathode and anode with an organic electrolyte solution absorbed therein is provided. The anode comprises three-dimensional microporous carbon structures synthesized from polymeric high internal phase emulsions or materials derived from this emulsion source, i.e., granules, powders, etc.
MTP-GO: Graph-Based Probabilistic Multi-Agent Trajectory Prediction with Neural ODEs (2023)

Enabling resilient autonomous motion planning requires robust predictions of surrounding road users' future behavior. In response to this need and the associated challenges, we introduce our model titled MTP-GO. The model encodes the scene using temporal graph neural networks to produce the inputs to an underlying motion model. The motion model is implemented using neural ordinary differential equations where the state-transition functions are learned with the rest of the model. Multimodal probabilistic predictions are obtained by combining the concept of mixture density networks and Kalman filtering. The results illustrate the predictive capabilities of the proposed model across various data sets, outperforming several state-of-the-art methods on a number of metrics.
Computerized transverse axial scanning (tomography): Part 2. Clinical application* (1973)

A new and fundamentally different X-ray method is described. The cranium is scanned in successive layers by a narrow beam of X rays, in such a way that the transmission of the X-ray photons across a particular layer can be measured, and by means of a computer, used to construct a picture of the internal structure. Employing a suitably designed scanning gantry, a continuously operating X-ray tube, and a narrow collimated X-ray beam, the transmissions of X-ray photons across a slice of tissue may be measured by a system of crystal detectors in such a way that 28,800 readings are obtained. These form the basis of 28,000 simultaneous equations which are solved by a computer. The solutions are transformed into absorption coefficients and by means of a suitable algorithm related to their correct cells in a matrix of chosen size. The results are stored, computed, and then made available from a magnetic disc to construct a picture on a CRT. The numerical results are available from a print-out. The examination is, therefore, qualitative and quantitative. Pictures thus obtained are looked at in much the same way as radiographs. Structures are identified and shape, size, and position defined. Changes in tissue density are then looked for. Lesions are seen as alterations of normal density and are interpreted in the light of pathological changes which are known to occur. Increased density may be due to blood clot, calcium deposition in tumours, and other lesions. In haemorrhage, once clotting has occurred, the concentrated blood constituents show up as an area of high density. Average tissue density is lowered in tissue necrosis, oedema, cyst formation, and haemorrhage where clotting has not occurred. Tissue density may be artificially enhanced by the intravenous injection of substances containing large atoms;sodium iothalamate has been found to be ideal and the tissue density of a variety of tumours may be enhanced by this means.
Benchmarking attribute selection techniques for discrete class data mining (2003)

Data engineering is generally considered to be a central issue in the development of data mining applications. The success of many learning schemes, in their attempts to construct models of data, hinges on the reliable identification of a small set of highly predictive attributes. The inclusion of irrelevant, redundant, and noisy attributes in the model building process phase can result in poor predictive performance and increased computation. Attribute selection generally involves a combination of search and attribute utility estimation plus evaluation with respect to specific learning schemes. This leads to a large number of possible permutations and has led to a situation where very few benchmark studies have been conducted. This paper presents a benchmark comparison of several attribute selection methods for supervised classification. All the methods produce an attribute ranking, a useful devise for isolating the individual merit of an attribute. Attribute selection is achieved by cross-validating the attribute rankings with respect to a classification learner to find the best attributes. Results are reported for a selection of standard data sets and two diverse learning schemes C4.5 and naive Bayes.
ChemInform Abstract: FLUOROMETHYLGLYOXAL: SYNTHESIS AND GLYOXALASE I CATALYZED PRODUCT PARTITIONING VIA A PRESUMED ENEDIOL INTERMEDIATE (1981)

Abstract Fluormethylglyoxal (III) wird aus dem bekannten Ketal (I) durch Moffat‐Oxidation (DCC, DMSO, Pyridin‐CF3COOH) und anschließender Hydrolyse dargestellt.
SU‐G‐TeP3‐05: In Vitro Demonstration of Endothelial Dose Enhancement Due to Gold Nanoparticles During Low‐Voltage Radiotherapy (2016)

Purpose: Oraya Therapy uses low‐voltage, stereotactic, highly targeted X‐rays for the treatment of wet age‐related macular degeneration (AMD) — offering a new option for patients worldwide. Neovascular endothelial cells play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of this disease. This in‐vitro study investigates the potential of gold nanoparticles (GNP) to enhance endothelial cell damage during low‐voltage radiotherapy towards potential applications in the treatment of wet‐AMD. Methods: Primary human umbilical cord vein endothelium cells (HUVEC) were treated with 1.4 nm sized GNPs for 24 hrs and then irradiated with variable X‐ray doses using an Oraya therapy system (100 kVp) or a Small Animal Radiation and Research platform (SARRP) at other beam qualities (up to 220 kVp). Radio‐sensitization was assessed by clonogenic assays. Variable concentrations of GNPs (0.05 mg/ml, 0.1 mg/ml, 0.25 mg/ml, 0.5 mg/ml, and 1 mg/ml) where employed. The dose enhancement factor (DEF) was calculated as the ratio of radiation doses required to give the same biological effect (survival factor, SF) with and without GNPs. Results: Preliminary results show DEFs of up to 2.62 for the different combinations of x‐ray doses and GNP concentrations and beam qualities. In general the DEF increased with increase in GNP concentration. However, for high doses the effect of GNP becomes less apparent likely due to already high cell kill by the radiation alone. Conclusion: The findings suggest that targeted GNPs can play a significant synergistic role in enhancing stereotactic radiosurgery for wet AMD. The results also provide impetus for ongoing studies to find the optimal synergy between the doses or beam energies and GNPs concentration. This will benefit in‐vivo studies towards development of nanoparticle‐aided radiotherapy for treatment of wet‐AMD and potentially ocular cancers.
Magnetic anisotropy studies on FeNiCo/Ta/FeNiCo three layers film by layer sensitive ferromagnetic resonance technique (2004)

Two ferromagnetic layers that are separated by a non-magnetic spacer have been deposited in the presence of an external Dc magnetic field that has been applied in a mutually perpendicular direction during the deposition of each layer. This thin three-layer film of FeNiCo/Ta/FeNiCo was then studied by electron spin resonance (ESR) technique for different directions of the external magnetic field with respect to the film plane. Beside very anisotropic and strong two main modes, relatively well-resolved and very weak subsidiary peaks in ESR spectra were observed on low field side of the main modes for almost every direction of the external field. The anisotropic behavior as the field is rotated from the film normal towards to the film plane is due to strong demagnetizing field. However, two fold (axial) small anisotropies having 90 degrees phase shifts with respect to the peaks from two different layers were seen to originate from field-induced anisotropy. The small peaks are attributed to magnetostatics modes as well. (© 2004 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Effect of a Phloxine B-Cucurbitacin Bait on Diabroticite Beetles (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) (2001)

Cucurbitacin E glycoside, extracted from a bitter mutant of Hawkesbury watermelon [Citrulls lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum. & Nakai (Syn. Citrullus vulgaris Schrad)] is the active ingredient of a feeding stimulant for the corn rootworm complex. It is the primary component of a water-soluble bait that can be combined with toxins for adult diabroticite control. Studies were conducted using phloxine B (D&C Red 28), a xanthene dye, as the toxin. This dye was efficacious against Diabrotica undecimpunctata howardi Barber, spotted cucumber beetle, and Acalymma vittatum (F.), striped cucumber beetle, in cucumber plots and could be recovered from cucumber leaves for 8 d after treatment. The average amount of dye recovered per dead spotted cucumber beetle at 8 d after treatment was 0.173 microg. Concentrated and sugar-free fermented forms of the watermelon extract were developed and compared with the fresh juice in field applications on cucumber plants. There was no significant difference in mortality of beetles from phloxine B-bait prepared with fresh, fermented, or concentrated extract, although in laboratory studies, fermented juice had higher feeding stimulant activity.
Performance of UTRA TDD ad hoc and IEEE 802.11b in vehicular environments (2004)

The FleetNet project aims at the development of a wireless ad hoc network for inter-vehicle communications (IVC). As a basis for the air-interface, the framework of the UMTS terrestrial radio access time division duplex (UTRA TDD) has been selected as the most promising candidate. Since UTRA TDD was developed for operation in a cellular network structure, modifications are required to enable mobile nodes to communicate in ad hoc mode without the existence of base stations. In particular, this comprises changes to physical (PHY) layer, medium access control (MAC) and radio resource management (RRM). The focus of this paper is the PHY layer of the air-interface and the resulting challenges in highly dynamic vehicular environments. The performance of the UTRA TDD ad hoc mode is assessed and compared to the IEEE 802.11b standard using link-level simulations. Results indicate that the UTRA TDD ad hoc PHY outperforms IEEE 802.11b in a typical highway scenario with very large relative velocities. In urban traffic environments with strong multipath propagation, IEEE 802.11b is not able to meet the required performance in terms of packet losses.
Psychological Profile and Work Status of a Predominantly Hispanic Worker's Compensation Population With Chronic Limb Pain (2008)

The purposes of this study were to describe the psychosocial profile and to measure function (posttreatment work status) after surgical and non-surgical treatment in a predominantly Hispanic worker's compensation population with chronic limb pain. We conducted an archival review of records from 91 patients treated for neuropathic pain in a specialty clinic over a 10-year period who had extreme difficulty accepting or managing pain. Medical records from individuals with proven nerve dysfunction experiencing pain >3 months and whose record contained a full psychological evaluation were included. All patients received patient-centered care, a prescription to return to work, periodic pain assessment, and clinical evaluation of sensory and motor function plus pharmacologic pain management. Surgery was determined by the degree of sensory-motor abnormalities in the absence of untreated psychological distress regardless of pain level or worker's compensation status. The majority of patients returned to work after treatment of nerve injury. No differences were noted between surgical/non-surgical treatment groups on initial pain level (p = 0.2), litigation status (p > 0.5), and posttreatment work status (p > 0.05). However, individuals expecting surgery also expected total relief of pain with surgical intervention. Psychosocial assessment, support, and adequate pain treatment seem to mediate the ability of an individual with chronic limb pain to return to work regardless of surgical/non-surgical treatment. Patients' expectations of surgery may be unrealistic and are best addressed prior to treatment.
Bordetella bronchiseptica PagP is a Bvg‐regulated lipid A palmitoyl transferase that is required for persistent colonization of the mouse respiratory tract (2003)

Bordetella bronchiseptica lipopolysaccharide (LPS) expression varies depending on growth conditions, regulated by the Bvg system. A B. bronchiseptica pagP homologue was identified that is required for Bvg-mediated modification of the lipid A core region of LPS that occurs on switching from the Bvg- to the Bvg+ phase. Structural analysis demonstrated that the lipid A of a B. bronchiseptica pagP mutant differed from wild-type lipid A by the absence of a palmitate group in secondary acylation at the C3' position. The putative pagP promoter drove the expression of a green fluorescent protein (GFP) reporter gene in a Bvg-regulated fashion. These data suggest that B. bronchiseptica pagP encodes a Bvg-regulated lipid A palmitoyl transferase that mediates modification of the lipid A as part of the overall Bvg-mediated adaptation of this organism to changing environmental conditions. We also show that pagP is not required for the initial colonization of the mouse respiratory tract by B. bronchiseptica, but is required for persistence of the organism within this organ.
Layer assignment problem for three-layer routing (1988)

The layer assignment problem for interconnect is the problem of determining which layers should be used for wiring the signal nets so that the number of vias is minimized. The problem is often referred to as the via minimization problem. The problem is considered for three-layer routing, concentrating on one version called the constrained via minimization (CVM3) problem. It is shown that the CVM3 problem is NP-complete and a heuristic algorithm is proposed. The experimental results show that the proposed algorithm is efficient and generates fairly good solutions.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Catechols and quercetin reduce MTT through iron ions: A possible artefact in cell viability assays (1995)

Abstract The reduction of MTT (d‐(4,5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐2,5‐diphenyltetrazolium bromide) by mitochondrial enzymes to its blue formazan product is a widely used colorimetric assay method to determine the viability of cells in culture. In the present study the reduction of MTT by several agents in the absence of living cells was investigated. Several catechols and the flavonoid quercetin were found to reduce MTT in serum‐supplemented Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium. All the agents tested failed to reduce MTT in Hank's balanced salt solution, but supplementing this buffer with serum or iron ions resulted in MTT reduction. The involvement of an iron‐catalysed redox reaction in the reduction of MTT induced by catechols and flavonoids was demonstrated. Caution is needed in using MTT in cell viability assays involving such chemicals.
Being the boss and working for a boss: Upsides and downsides (2007)

Comparatively, very little of the Household Income and Labour Dynamics (HILDA) data set has been used to analyse the activities of Australian small business owner-operators, even though there are currently some 1.8 million small firms in existence. Using multiple waves of the HILDA survey, in this paper we investigate two important research questions related to life in a small business in Australia. Question one seeks to uncover differences between small business respondents and employees of private sector firms, by examining issues related to (i) life satisfaction, (ii) job satisfaction, (iii) individual priorities, (iv) perceived prosperity, (v) risk preferences, and (vi) individual health (general health, vitality, social functioning, emotional well-being, mental health). The second question then examines whether the factors that contribute to life satisfaction are different for the self-employed and the employee groups. Our principal findings are that the level of satisfaction between the self-employed and the employee groups does differ significantly, and that the self-employed are more satisfied with their lives and their jobs than their employee counterparts.
Evaluation of a scale-model experiment to investigate long-range acoustic propagation (1987)

Tests were conducted to evaluate the feasibility of using a scale-model experiment situated in an anechoic facility to investigate long-range sound propagation over ground terrain. For a nominal scale factor of 100:1, attenuations along a linear array of six microphones colinear with a continuous-wave type of sound source were measured over a wavelength range from 10 to 160 for a nominal test frequency of 10 kHz. Most tests were made for a hard model surface (plywood), but limited tests were also made for a soft model surface (plywood with felt). For grazing-incidence propagation over the hard surface, measured and predicted attenuation trends were consistent for microphone locations out to between 40 and 80 wavelengths. Beyond 80 wavelengths, significant variability was observed that was caused by disturbances in the propagation medium. Also, there was evidence of extraneous propagation-path contributions to data irregularities at more remote microphones. Sensitivity studies for the hard-surface and microphone indicated a 2.5 dB change in the relative excess attenuation for a systematic error in source and microphone elevations on the order of 1 mm. For the soft-surface model, no comparable sensitivity was found.
Using Weight Mirrors to Improve Feedback Alignment (2019)

Current algorithms for deep learning probably cannot run in the brain because they rely on weight transport, where forward-path neurons transmit their synaptic weights to a feedback path, in a way that is likely impossible biologically. An algorithm called feedback alignment achieves deep learning without weight transport by using random feedback weights, but it performs poorly on hard visual-recognition tasks. Here we describe two mechanisms - a neural circuit called a weight mirror and a modification of an algorithm proposed by Kolen and Pollack in 1994 - both of which let the feedback path learn appropriate synaptic weights quickly and accurately even in large networks, without weight transport or complex wiring.Tested on the ImageNet visual-recognition task, these mechanisms outperform both feedback alignment and the newer sign-symmetry method, and nearly match backprop, the standard algorithm of deep learning, which uses weight transport.
In vivo real‐time imaging of TGF‐β‐induced transcriptional activation of the RANK ligand gene promoter in intraosseous prostate cancer (2003)

These results demonstrate the ability to measure intraosseous tumor growth over time and gene promoter activation in an established intraosseous tumor in vivo and also demonstrate that TGF-beta induces activates the RANKL promoter. These results provide a novel method to explore the biology of CaP bone metastases.
Myocardial work index: a glimmer of hope in COVID-19 (2020)

A 57-year-old man with no medical history presented to an outside hospital with the chief complaint of shortness of breath and cough. The patient tested positive for coronavirus disease 2019 . He presented to our institution 1 day later, and work-up included a chest X-ray that revealed patchy opacities in the bilateral mid to lower lung fields (Panel A) consistent with the recent diagnosis of COVID-19. He underwent transthoracic echocardiography to assess for COVID-19-related myocardial dysfunction. He was in normal sinus rhythm, and cuff blood pressure (BP) at the time of examination was 106/76 mmHg. Left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) was normal at 62% (Supplementary material online, Video S1), global longitudinal strain (GLS) was at the lower limits of normal at -18% (Panel B), global work index (GWI) was significantly reduced at 727 mmHg% (Panel C), and global work efficiency (GWE) was 95% (Panel D). The patient was discharged home and was symptom free at the 1-month follow-up. Cuff BP was 133/90 mmHg, and repeat echocardiography demonstrated a stable LVEF (Supplementary material online, Video S2), GLS (Panel E), and a significantly improved GWI of 1669 mmHg% (Panel F). GWE also remained relatively unchanged (Panel G). A difference in systolic BP of 27 mmHg between the two examinations is not enough to account for the drastic improvement in GWI. With no known underlying comorbidities contributing to the reduced GWI, we can hypothesize that myocardial work sets the stage as an even earlier indicator of COVID-19-induced myocardial dysfunction than reduced GLS and LVEF.