gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Asymmetric Methoxyselenenylations and Cyclizations with 3-Camphorseleno Electrophiles Containing Oxime Substituents at C-2. Formation of an Unusual Oxaselenazole from an Oxime-Substituted Selenenyl Bromide (2002)

Di[(1R)-2-Oximo-endo-3-bornyl] diselenide (4) and its benzoate derivative 5 were prepared from the corresponding known 2-keto diselenide 1. Treatment of 4 and 5 with bromine, followed by silver triflate in methanol-dichloromethane, generated the corresponding selenenyl triflates 6b and 7b. The latter reagents reacted with a variety of mono-, di-, and trisubstituted alkenes to afford the corresponding 1,2-addition products (beta-methoxy selenides) in a highly diastereoselective manner. The free oxime 6b was particularly effective in such methoxyselenenylations, giving diastereomeric ratios (d.r.s) ranging from 86:14 to > 98:2. Even cis-disubstituted alkenes, which typically give poor d.r.s in similar additions with other chiral selenium electrophiles, underwent highly stereoselective additions with this reagent. Reductive deselenizations of the adducts obtained from styrene and cis- and trans-stilbene provided the corresponding methyl ethers, whose absolute configurations were determined by comparison with authentic samples. As expected, the dominant enantiomers thus obtained from cis- and trans-stilbene, using either 6b or 7b, had opposite configurations. Moreover, each geometrical isomer of stilbene produced methyl ethers with the same configuration when treated with either the oxime 6b or the benzoate 7b. Coordination effects between the substituents at the 2-position of the camphor molecule and the positive selenium atoms in the intermediate seleniranium ions are believed to play an important role in determining the stereochemical outcome of methoxyselenenylations. Selenenyl triflate 6b and selenenyl chloride 7c were also investigated in the electrophilic cyclizations of several unsaturated alcohols and carboxylic acids. However, diastereoselectivities were typically much lower than in the methoxyselenenylations. When the selenenyl bromide 6a, derived from the addition of bromine to the corresponding diselenide 4, was allowed to stand in the absence of an alkene, it underwent intramolecular cyclization with the oxime hydroxyl group, followed by further bromination, to afford the unusual oxaselenazole 11, whose structure was determined by spectroscopic means as well as by X-ray crystallography.
THE DISTRIBUTION OF SYNAPTOSOMAL OXIDATIVE ENZYMES AFTER EXPOSURE TO DEOXYCHOLATE1,2 (1970)

Abstract— The distributions of NADH 2 dehydrogenase, NADH, cytochrome c reductase and cytochrome oxidase have been determined utilizing synaptosomal isolation techniques. Deoxycholate was used to determine compartmentation and/or ‘latency’ of these activities. NADPH, dehydrogenase proved to be a soluble and mitochondrial enzyme and the activity of this enzyme was not appreciably changed by deoxycholate treatment. NADH g cytochrome c reductase proved to be a mitochondrial enzyme with considerable activity in microsomal fractions. Deoxycholate treatment increased activity in the synaptosomal fraction 8.3‐fold. A bimodal activation pattern was observed with synaptosomal and mitochondrial NADH, cyrochrome c reductase upon exposure to increasing concentrations of deoxycholate, with enhancement of activity at 0.25 % (w/v) and 0.50 % (w/v) deoxycholate. The enzyme was stable at concentrations of deoxycholate less than 0.25% (w/v) but was irreversibly inactivated at concentrations higher than 0.25% (w/v). The mechanism of this activation pattern appeared to be a combination of enzyme release and inactivation. Similar results were not observed in liver mitochondria. Cytochrome oxidase, a known mitochondrial marker, exhibited a 17‐fold increase in synaptosomal activity with deoxycholate treatment. The synaptosomal cytochrome oxidase activity after deoxycholate treatment approached the activity in the free mitochondrial fraction. The percentage of mitochondrial protein in synaptosomal fractions was estimated to be about 30 per cent from a comparison of the respective total (deoxycholate‐treated) activities. On the basis of these data we suggest that the synaptosomal fraction possesses a relatively sizable energy‐producing potential which may be of significance in vivo.
Analytical and clinical performance of a Chikungunya qRT-PCR for Central and South America (2017)

Chikungunya was introduced into the Americas in 2015 causing a pandemic across the continent. Testing during the acute phase of infection relies on qRT-PCR, but available assays have a number of limitations. A qRT-PCR assay specific to the chikungunya E1 gene was designed using sequence data from contemporary strains. A probit analysis established the 95% limit of detection as 19.6 copies per reaction. We compared the assay with a US Centers for Disease Control (CDC) chikungunya qRT-PCR as the reference standard. The assay had a sensitivity and specificity of 98.4% and 100% in 90 samples retrospectively collected in Guatemala. In a further 74 febrile samples prospectively collected in Ecuador and Guatemala the test had a sensitivity and specificity of 100% and 98.4%, respectively. Sequencing the nsp4 gene of the discordant positive sample indicated the presence of chikungunya RNA, and mismatches to the primer binding sites of the CDC assay.
Real-time x-ray studies of Mo-seeded Si nanodot formation during ion bombardment (2005)

The formation of self-organized Si nanostructures induced by Mo seeding during normal incidence Ar+ ion bombardment at room temperature is reported. Silicon surfaces without Mo seeding develop only power-law roughness during 1000eV ion bombardment at normal incidence, in agreement with scaling theory expectations of surface roughening. However, supplying Mo atoms to the surface during ion bombardment seeds the development of highly correlated, nanoscale structures (“dots”) that are typically 3nm high with a spatial wavelength of approximately 30nm. With time, these saturate and further surface roughening is dominated by the growth of long-wavelength corrugations.
Wind Energy Handbook (2001)

As environmental concerns have focused attention on the generation of electricity from clean and renewable sources wind energy has become the world's fastest growing energy source. The Wind Energy Handbook draws on the authors' collective industrial and academic experience to highlight the interdisciplinary nature of wind energy research and provide a comprehensive treatment of wind energy for electricity generation. Features include: * An authoritative overview of wind turbine technology and wind farm design and development * In-depth examination of the aerodynamics and performance of land-based horizontal axis wind turbines * A survey of alternative machine architectures and an introduction to the design of the key components * Description of the wind resource in terms of wind speed frequency distribution and the structure of turbulence * Coverage of site wind speed prediction techniques * Discussions of wind farm siting constraints and the assessment of environmental impact * The integration of wind farms into the electrical power system, including power quality and system stability * Functions of wind turbine controllers and design and analysis techniques With coverage ranging from practical concerns about component design to the economic importance of sustainable power sources, the Wind Energy Handbook will be an asset to engineers, turbine designers, wind energy consultants and graduate engineering students.
Use of immuno assays during the development of aHemophilus influenzaetypebvaccine for technology transfer to emerging vaccine manufacturers (2014)

Quality control of Hemophilus Influenzae type b (Hib) conjugate vaccines is mainly dependent on physicochemical methods. Overcoming sample matrix interference when using physicochemical tests is very challenging, these tests are therefore only used to test purified samples of polysaccharide, protein, bulk conjugate, and final product. For successful development of a Hib conjugate vaccine, several ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) methods were needed as an additional tool to enable testing of in process (IP) samples. In this paper, three of the ELISA's that have been very valuable during the process development, implementation and scaling up are highlighted. The PRP-ELISA, was a very efficient tool in testing in process (IP) samples generated during the development of the cultivation and purification process of the Hib-polysaccharide. The antigenicity ELISA, was used to confirm the covalent linkage of PRP and TTd in the conjugate. The anti-PRP IgG ELISA was developed as part of the immunogenicity test, used to demonstrate the ability of the Hib conjugate vaccine to elicit a T-cell dependent immune response in mice. ELISA methods are relatively cheap and easy to implement and therefore very useful during the development of polysaccharide conjugate vaccines.
Inhibition of prolyl 4-hydroxylase by hydroxyanthraquinones (1986)

Prolyl 4-hydroxylase (EC 1.14.11.2) is an essential enzyme in the post-translational modification of collagen. Inhibitors of this enzyme are of potential interest for the treatment of diseases involving excessive deposition of collagen. We have found that anthraquinones with at least two hydroxy groups ortho to each other are potent inhibitors of this enzyme. Kinetic studies revealed that 2,7,8-trihydroxyanthraquinone (THA) competitively inhibited the co-substrate, 2-oxoglutarate, but was non-competitive with regard to ascorbate and was tentatively considered to be uncompetitive with regard to protocollagen. The inhibition by THA was greatly enhanced in the absence of added Fe2+ and was partially reversed by the addition of concentrations of Fe2+ in excess of the optimum for the enzymic reaction. Binding studies indicated that THA is an effective chelating agent for Fe2+. Several non-quinoidal compounds bearing the catechol moiety also inhibited the enzyme. The results suggest that THA inhibited prolyl 4-hydroxylase by binding to the enzyme at the site for 2-oxoglutarate possibly involving the Fe2+ atom, rather than by complexing with Fe2+ in free solution. The inhibition of prolyl 4-hydroxylase by THA exhibited strong positive co-operativity and may involve three distinct but non-independent binding sites.
Charge ordering in magnetite at low temperatures (1990)

The ordering of the ${\mathrm{Fe}}^{2+}$ and ${\mathrm{Fe}}^{3+}$ ions on the octahedral sites of magnetite (${\mathrm{Fe}}_{3}$${\mathrm{O}}_{4}$) at temperatures below the Verwey metal-insulator transition has been studied by quantitative high-energy transmission electron diffraction. We find that there are ten independent charge-ordering models (including the Verwey model) for the low-temperature structure that satisfy the Anderson condition if the symmetry is Cc (monoclinic). Dynamical electron diffraction patterns are simulated and compared with experiment for these charge-ordering models, using atomic coordinates obtained from neutron diffraction work. We find that one of these ten charge-ordering models agrees best with experiment and that the electrons in this model form a characteristic wave. Our calculations of electron correlation energy show that this model has the second lowest energy, while the Verwey model has the lowest. This indicates the importance of electron-phonon interactions in stabilizing the structure.
Structured state space realizations for SLS distributed controllers (2017)

In recent work the system level synthesis (SLS) paradigm has been shown to provide a truly scalable method for synthesizing distributed feedback controllers. Moreover, the resulting synthesis problem is convex. In this paper we provide minimal state space realizations for both the state and output feedback controllers. It is also shown that (for fixed n) the state dimension of the controllers grows linearly with FIR filter horizon length — in both cases, we show that if the underlying transfer matrices are structured, so is the corresponding state-space realization. For the H <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> state feedback case a simple decomposition technique reduces the synthesis problem to solving a set of lower dimensional LQR problems that can be solved in parallel.
重新发现的柯达伊遗作: 《弦乐四重奏小步舞曲(1897)》 (1996)

佐尔坦·柯达伊首次发表作品——合唱《黄昏》是1904年,这年,他从布达佩斯音乐学院汉斯·克斯勒的班上毕业。这部作品有着突出而独特的风格,已经包含了成年柯达伊许多创作风格上的特征。在这些风格上,12岁的曲作者已远远超出了学生的水平。《黄昏》一曲比别的作品更为知名,然而,我们对柯达伊早期音乐的了解却非常有限。我们知道,1898年由柯达伊
BMAL1 Deficiency Contributes to Mandibular Dysplasia by Upregulating MMP3 (2017)

Skeletal mandibular hypoplasia (SMH), one of the common types of craniofacial deformities, seriously affects appearance, chewing, pronunciation, and breathing. Moreover, SMH is prone to inducing obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. We found that brain and muscle ARNT-like 1 (BMAL1), the core component of the molecular circadian oscillator, was significantly decreased in mandibles of juvenile SMH patients. Accordingly, SMH was observed in circadian-rhythm-disrupted or BMAL1-deficient mice. RNA sequencing and protein chip analyses suggested that matrix metallopeptidase 3 (MMP3) is the potential target of BMAL1. Interestingly, in juvenile SMH patients, we observed that MMP3 was obviously increased. Consistently, MMP3 was upregulated during the whole growth period of 3-10 weeks in Bmal1<sup>-/-</sup> mice. Given these findings, we set out to characterize the underlying mechanism and found BMAL1 deficiency enhanced Mmp3 transcription through activating p65 phosphorylation. Together, our results provide insight into the mechanism by which BMAL1 is implicated in the pathogenesis of SMH.
ChemInform Abstract: Sodium Percarbonate: A Convenient Reagent for Oxidative Cleavage of . alpha.‐Diketones. (1993)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
"Animal Introduction" Application For Children (2020)

Introducing animals in early childhood can foster children's love for animals. Some media for introducing animals to children are diverse, one of which is a book about animals. Books about animals display various types of animals and information on these animals. But books about animals are less effective in helping parents teach children about animals because they are less interactive. With the development of technology, especially smart phones can help users spread information. Smartphones can load images, videos&amp; text. To help parents introduce animals to children, an animal recognition application on smart phones was developed. The development method used is MDLC, which consists of 6 stages: concept, design, material collection, merging, testing, and distribution. This application is made using the Java programming language on Android with Android Studio. This applications can be used as an interactive learning media to introduce animals to children. This application can display images, videos, animal information and some quizes.
Aneka: A Software Platform for .NET-based Cloud Computing (2009)

Aneka is a platform for deploying Clouds developing applications on top of it. It provides a runtime environment and a set of APIs that allow developers to build .NET applications that leverage their computation on either public or private clouds. One of the key features of Aneka is the ability of supporting multiple programming models that are ways of expressing the execution logic of applications by using specific abstractions. This is accomplished by creating a customizable and extensible service oriented runtime environment represented by a collection of software containers connected together. By leveraging on these architecture advanced services including resource reservation, persistence, storage management, security, and performance monitoring have been implemented. On top of this infrastructure different programming models can be plugged to provide support for different scenarios as demonstrated by the engineering, life science, and industry applications.
Mitochondrial Bcl-2 Family Dynamics Define Therapy Response and Resistance in Neuroblastoma (2012)

Neuroblastoma is a childhood tumor in which transient therapeutic responses are typically followed by recurrence with lethal chemoresistant disease. In this study, we characterized the apoptotic responses in diverse neuroblastomas using an unbiased mitochondrial functional assay. We defined the apoptotic set point of neuroblastomas using responses to distinct BH3 death domains providing a BH3 response profile and directly confirmed survival dependencies. We found that viable neuroblastoma cells and primary tumors are primed for death with tonic sequestration of Bim, a direct activator of apoptosis, by either Bcl-2 or Mcl-1, providing a survival dependency that predicts the activity of Bcl-2 antagonists. The Bcl-2/Bcl-xL/Bcl-w inhibitor ABT-737 showed single-agent activity against only Bim:Bcl-2 primed tumor xenografts. Durable complete regressions were achieved in combination with noncurative chemotherapy even for highest risk molecular subtypes with MYCN amplification and activating ALK mutations. Furthermore, the use of unique isogenic cell lines from patients at diagnosis and at the time of relapse showed that therapy resistance was not mediated by upregulation of Bcl-2 homologues or loss of Bim priming, but by repressed Bak/Bax activation. Together, our findings provide a classification system that identifies tumors with clinical responses to Bcl-2 antagonists, defines Mcl-1 as the principal mediator of Bcl-2 antagonist resistance at diagnosis, and isolates the therapy resistant phenotype to the mitochondria.
Identification of a feline coronavirus type I strain from a cat with feline infectious peritonitis by RT-pCR and phylogenetic analysis. (2005)

A case of feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) in an 11-month-old European shorthair cat is reported. The infected cat displayed loss of weight, respiratory distress, ascitis, anemia and died within 15 days after the first appearance of clinical signs. Lesions typical of a mixed form (effusive and non-effusive) of FIP were observed and by RT-PCR a feline coronavirus (FCoV) type I strain was detected in several tissues. The RT-PCR results were confirmed by sequence analysis of the amplified products. Phylogeny carried out on fragments of the M and S genes showed that the FCoV strain segregates with typical type I FCoVs.
GroupReduce: Block-Wise Low-Rank Approximation for Neural Language Model\n Shrinking (2018)

Model compression is essential for serving large deep neural nets on devices\nwith limited resources or applications that require real-time responses. As a\ncase study, a state-of-the-art neural language model usually consists of one or\nmore recurrent layers sandwiched between an embedding layer used for\nrepresenting input tokens and a softmax layer for generating output tokens. For\nproblems with a very large vocabulary size, the embedding and the softmax\nmatrices can account for more than half of the model size. For instance, the\nbigLSTM model achieves state-of- the-art performance on the One-Billion-Word\n(OBW) dataset with around 800k vocabulary, and its word embedding and softmax\nmatrices use more than 6GBytes space, and are responsible for over 90% of the\nmodel parameters. In this paper, we propose GroupReduce, a novel compression\nmethod for neural language models, based on vocabulary-partition (block) based\nlow-rank matrix approximation and the inherent frequency distribution of tokens\n(the power-law distribution of words). The experimental results show our method\ncan significantly outperform traditional compression methods such as low-rank\napproximation and pruning. On the OBW dataset, our method achieved 6.6 times\ncompression rate for the embedding and softmax matrices, and when combined with\nquantization, our method can achieve 26 times compression rate, which\ntranslates to a factor of 12.8 times compression for the entire model with very\nlittle degradation in perplexity.\n
An Inventory of Good Management Practices for Nutrient Reduction, Recycling and Recovery from Agricultural Runoff in Europe’s Northern Periphery and Arctic Region (2022)

The excess loading of nutrients generated by agricultural activities is a leading cause of water quality impairment across the globe. Various management practices have been developed and widely implemented as conservation management strategies to combat water pollution originating from agricultural activities. In the last ten years, there has also been a widespread recognition of the need for nutrient harvesting from wastewaters and resource recovery. In Europe’s Northern Periphery and Arctic (NPA) areas, the expertise in water and runoff management is sporadic and needs to be improved. Therefore, the objective of this research was to perform a comprehensive review of the state of the art of Good Agricultural Practices (GAPs) for the NPA region. A set of questionnaires was distributed to project partners combined with a comprehensive literature review of GAPs focusing on those relevant and/or implemented in the NPA region. Twenty-four GAPs were included in the inventory. This review reveals that there is a large level of uncertainty, inconsistency, and a gap in the knowledge regarding the effectiveness of GAPs in nutrient reduction (NRE), their potential for nutrient recycling and recovery (NRR), and their operation and maintenance requirements (OMR) and costs. Although the contribution of GAPs to water quality improvement could not be quantified, this inventory provides a comprehensive and first-of-its-kind guide on available measures and practices to assist regional and local authorities and communities in the NAP region. A recommendation for incorporating and retrofitting phosphorus retaining media (PRMs) in some of the GAPs, and/or the implementation of passive filtration systems and trenches filled with PRMs to intercept surface and subsurface farm flows, would result in the enhancement of both NRE and NRR.
T CELL RECEPTOR Vβ GENE USAGE IN ALLOGRAFT-DERIVED CELL LINES ANALYZED BY A POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION TECHNIQUE1 (1992)

T cell receptor V beta gene usage in renal allograft-derived T cell lines was investigated using a semiquantitative, polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based technique. A panel of V beta-specific primers was carefully designed to have uniform hybridization characteristics, enhancing comparability, and high specificity based on 3' mismatches between primers and nontarget V regions. PCR data were in concordance with previous phenotypic, functional, and Southern blot analyses, but the PCR technique proved to be more sensitive and comprehensive. For example, the EH3 cell line was confirmed to be polyclonal, with a number of different V beta genes mediating anti-DR8-linked reactivity. Sequence analysis showed the most prevalent signals obtained by PCR, those for V beta 7 and V beta 20, probably corresponded to the only two rearrangements detected by Southern. The J2 cell line was shown to be polyclonal in early culture, when it was mostly CD8+ and B35-reactive. Late cultures and a subclone were CD4+, possessed DR3-linked reactivity, and evidenced only one PCR signal: V beta 6. Similarly, the MH3 cell line was shown to be polyclonal early in culture, when it was reactive toward A11 and A29. In late cultures, when Southern analysis indicated clonality, only anti-A11 reactivity was maintained, and the predominant PCR signal was for V beta 17. Other alloreactivities were also attributed to specific V beta. The Kng cell line, alloreactive to A28, yielded two strong PCR signals; V beta 2 and V beta 9. The Mijo line, DR1-reactive, gave a predominant signal for V beta 12. Thus in spite of variable in vitro selection occurring in some lines and great initial heterogeneity documented by PCR, this technique was still capable of identifying V beta genes that persist in vitro, become predominant, and are associated with specific, allograft-directed alloreactivities.