gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Neonatal ovariectomy and pituitary-adrenal responsiveness in the adult rat (1992)

Litters of female rat pups were handled daily from birth to weaning. When 12 days old the pups were ovariectomized or received sham surgery. At 70 days sham and ovariectomized animals were decapitated immediately or placed within a novel environment for 10, 20, or 40 min before decapitation. Basal plasma levels of androstenedione in ovariectomized animals were approximately half that of intact sham controls, and stress caused only a small rise in androstenedione in this group. Androstenedione levels in ovariectomized animals were consistently at or below the lower sensitivity of the radioimmunoassay, indicating that circulating levels of androstenedione in the female rat are primarily of ovarian origin. Basal ACTH and corticosterone levels did not differ significantly between the two groups. However, stress-induced levels of ACTH and corticosterone were significantly depressed in ovariectomized subjects compared to controls following exposure to the novel environment. Furthermore, while ACTH levels started to return to baseline by 40 min in controls, this effect was not observed in ovariectomized animals. These findings demonstrate that prepubertal removal of ovarian humoral factors can have a long-term impact on the responsiveness of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis to stress.
The Collaborative Seismic Earth Model: Generation 1 (2018)

We present a general concept for evolutionary, collaborative, multiscale inversion of geophysical data, specifically applied to the construction of a first-generation Collaborative Seismic Earth Model. This is intended to address the limited resources of individual researchers and the often limited use of previously accumulated knowledge. Model evolution rests on a Bayesian updating scheme, simplified into a deterministic method that honors today's computational restrictions. The scheme is able to harness distributed human and computing power. It furthermore handles conflicting updates, as well as variable parameterizations of different model refinements or different inversion techniques. The first-generation Collaborative Seismic Earth Model comprises 12 refinements from full seismic waveform inversion, ranging from regional crustal- to continental-scale models. A global full-waveform inversion ensures that regional refinements translate into whole-Earth structure.
Noise Analysis in Parametric Resonance Based Mass Sensing (2004)

Mass sensing based on parametric resonance has shown high sensitivity and has many potential applications in chemical and biological sensing. We investigate noise effects on the sensitivity of mass sensing using parametric resonance. Temperature fluctuation noise, Johnson noise, and Brownian motion noise have been considered. Numerical simulation and experimental results show that noise affects the sensitivity of parametric resonance mass sensing in different mechanism from simple harmonic resonance based mass sensor and Brownian motion noise of the micro-oscillator has the major contribution to the frequency uncertainty at the boundary of parametric resonance area and the sensitivity in mass sensing.
Recognition and interpretation of parametric gesture (2002)

A new method for the representation, recognition, and interpretation of parameterized gesture is presented. By parameterized gesture. We mean gestures that exhibit a meaningful variation; one example is a point gesture where the important parameter is the 2-dimensional direction. Our approach is to extend the standard hidden Markov model method of gesture recognition by including a global parametric variation in the output probabilities of the states of the HMM. Using a linear model to derive the theory, we formulated an expectation-maximization (EM) method for training the parametric HMM. During testing, the parametric HMM simultaneously recognizes the gesture and estimates the quantifying parameters. Using visually derived and directly measured 3-dimensional hand position measurements as input, we present results on two. Different movements-a size gesture and a point gesture-and show robustness with respect to noise in the input features.
Processing of aspiration cytology samples. An alternative method. (1986)

Cytotechnologists usually assist in smear preparation during radiologic fine needle aspiration (FNA) procedures. An alternative technique is presented that requires neither cytotechnologist participation nor immediate processing. In 111 consecutive patients undergoing FNA procedures, the aspirate was immediately fixed in 50% ethanol. The specimen was refrigerated and later processed in the laboratory as cell block preparations, which often maintained the original histologic architecture, and smears, which demonstrated good nuclear detail without air-drying artifacts. In our patients, this technique was 95% sensitive and 100% specific for the diagnosis of malignancy.
Human Herpesvirus 8 Infection Occurs following Adolescence in the United States (1997)

Most recent evidence suggests that human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8) infection is restricted to persons with Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) or to persons who may subsequently develop KS. To accurately determine the prevalence of infection in the United States, children and adults with AIDS were examined for evidence of HHV-8 infection to see whether HHV-8 (like other herpesviruses) would be readily detected in immunosuppressed persons. By use of nested polymerase chain reaction, DNA specific for HHV-8, Epstein-Barr virus, and cytomegalovirus was detected in blood leukocytes from 0, 26 (51%), and 9 (18%), respectively, of 51 children. Similarly, HHV-8-specific antibodies were not detected in analyses of sera from the children. By contrast, HHV-8 DNA was detected in 9 (27%) of 33 adult AIDS patients without KS. These findings suggest that the pattern of transmission of HHV-8 in the United States differs from that of other herpesviruses in that primary infection occurs predominantly in adults.
A case of pulmonary sarcoidosis with lung cancer and sclerosing hemangioma. (1999)

症例は56歳女性.51歳時に胸部X線写真上右肺門部の異常陰影を指摘され, 経過観察されていた.56歳時, 眼サルコイドーシスによる緑内障にて入院し, 胸部CTにて右S5と左S3に腫瘤陰影が認められた.左肺腫瘤に対し, 気管支肺胞洗浄とCT下生検を施行したが確定診断がつかず, 当科転科となり手術を施行した.術中迅速診断にて, 左肺腺癌 (TINOMO) と右肺硬化性血管腫の診断を得, 左上葉切除と右肺腫瘍摘出術を施行した.肺胸膜には禰漫性にサルコイド結節が存在した.縦隔リンパ節の腫脹が著しかったが, 転移を認めなかった.術後は順調に経過し第15病日に退院となった.サルコイドーシス症に肺癌が合併することは稀であるが, 今回同症に肺癌および硬化性血管腫を合併した興味ある症例を経験した.また, 縦隔リコパ節の著しい腫脹を有するサルコイドーシス症を合併する肺癌でも, 積極的な手術適応となりうると考えられた.
Review of the current published evidence on single-dose HPV vaccination 2nd Edition (2019)

Prophylactic human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccines have been licensed for over ten years. They were initially administered as a three-dose regimen over a six-month period. In 2014, following a review of the evidence for dose reduction by the World Health Organization (WHO) Strategic Advisory Group of Experts (SAGE) on Immunization, a two-dose regimen for individuals aged younger than 15 years was recommended. Since that time, evidence from observational studies suggests that a single-dose HPV vaccine may also provide protection against HPVinfectionand its sequelae. The primary objective of this paperis to summarize and assess the current evidence fora single-dose HPV vaccination schedule. We also identify gaps that remain in determining whether a single dose could be sufficiently protective to have a major impact against HPV infection and its sequelae within the context of immunization programs.The evidence has been compiled by a working group of the Single-Dose HPV Vaccine Evaluation Consortium, whose members representtechnical depth, a wide global reach, and extensive expertise in immunization programs, HPV vaccine introductions, and vaccine policy. Coordinated by PATH, the Consortium includes the London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Harvard University, the US National Cancer Institute, Universite Laval, the University of British Columbia, and the Wits Reproductive Health and HIV Institute at the University of Witwatersrand. The Consortium leverages the experience of expert groups working in HPV vaccine and other vaccine introductions. Members represent groups that have actively generated evidence for HPV vaccine safety and efficacy,as well as post-licensure effectiveness and delivery.They have implemented HPV vaccine delivery programs in numerous countries, comprehensively evaluated the delivery and impact of HPV vaccines
GridSim: A Toolkit for the Modeling and Simulation of Distributed Resource Management and Scheduling for Grid Computing (2002)

Clusters, grids, and peer-to-peer (P2P) networks have emerged as popular paradigms for next generation parallel and distributed computing. The management of resources and scheduling of applications in such large-scale distributed systems is a complex undertaking. In order to prove the effectiveness of resource brokers and associated scheduling algorithms, their performance needs to be evaluated under different scenarios such as varying number of resources and users with different requirements. In a grid environment, it is hard and even impossible to perform scheduler performance evaluation in a repeatable and controllable manner as resources and users are distributed across multiple organizations with their own policies. To overcome this limitation, we have developed a Java-based discrete-event grid simulation toolkit called GridSim. The toolkit supports modeling and simulation of heterogeneous grid resources (both time- and space-shared), users and application models. It provides primitives for creation of application tasks, mapping of tasks to resources, and their management. To demonstrate suitability of the GridSim toolkit, we have simulated a Nimrod-G like grid resource broker and evaluated the performance of deadline and budget constrained cost- and time-minimization scheduling algorithms.
Manufacturing, measurement and control of MEMS / NEMS electrostatically driven structures (2013)

Increased interest in micro-and nano-electromechanical systems (MEMS and NEMS) entail the development of reliable measurement techniques for the basic parameters of the designed and manufactured devices. The proposed methodology should provide high resolution, wide frequency range and the possibility to investigate both mechanical and electrical parameters during inspection process. In this article authors present methods for manufacturing of electrostatic MEMS devices. Measurement techniques will be presented for specifying parameters such as resonant frequency, quality factor and sensitivity of the previously manufactured structures. Manufacturing techniques will be presented on the example of the micropusher structure, whereas measurement techniques will be presented on the example of the microgripper structure.
Acceleration levels on board the Space Station and a tethered elevator for micro and variable-gravity applications (1988)

This paper investigates the dynamics and acceleration levels of a new tethered system for micro and variable-gravity applications. The system consists of two platforms tethered on opposite sides to the Space Station. A fourth platform, the elevator, is placed in between the Space Station and the upper platform. Variable-g levels on board the elevator are obtained by moving this facility along the upper tether, while micro-g experiments are carried out on board the Space Station. By controlling the length of the lower tether the position of the system CM can be maintained on board the Space Station despite variations of the station's distribution of mass. The paper illustrates the mathematical model, the environmental perturbations and the control techniques which have been adopted for the simulation and control of the system dynamics. Two sets of results from two different simulation runs are shown. The first set shows the system dynamics and the acceleration spectra on board the Space Station and the elevator during station-keeping. The second set of results demonstrates the capability of the elevator to attain a preselected g-level.
Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Plasma Levels Are Significantly Elevated in Patients with Cerebral Arteriovenous Malformations (2005)

Our findings suggest that VEGF plasma concentrations might play a role in the pathogenesis of cerebral AVMs. Further studies are necessary and would contribute to an improved understanding of the pathogenesis of cerebral AVMs.
The Glutaminase-1 Inhibitor [11C-carbony]BPTES: Synthesis and Positron Emission Tomography Study in Mice (2023)

Bis-2-(5-phenylacetamido-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)ethyl sulfide (BPTES) is a selective inhibitor of glutaminase-1 (GLS1), consequently inhibiting glutaminolysis. BPTES is known for its potent antitumor activity and plays a significant role in senescent cell removal. In this study, we synthesized [<sup>11</sup>C-carbonyl]BPTES ([<sup>11</sup>C]BPTES) as a positron emission tomography (PET) probe for the first time and assessed its biodistribution in mice using PET. [<sup>11</sup>C]BPTES was synthesized by the reaction of an amine precursor () with [<sup>11</sup>C-carbonyl]phenylacetyl acid anhydride ([<sup>11</sup>C]<b>2</b>), which was prepared from [<sup>11</sup>C]CO<sub>2</sub> and benzyl magnesium chloride, followed by in situ treatment with isobutyl chloroformate. The decay-corrected isolated radiochemical yield of [<sup>11</sup>C]BPTES was 9.5% (based on [<sup>11</sup>C]CO<sub>2</sub>) during a synthesis time of 40 min. A PET study with [<sup>11</sup>C]BPTES showed high uptake levels of radioactivity in the liver, kidney, and small intestine of mice.
High-performance non-volatile resistive switching memory based on a polyimide/graphene oxide nanocomposite (2020)

Chemical structure of PI-GO, schematic structure of the ITO/PI-GO/Al device and its memory characteristics.
Quantitative Analysis of Guided Wave in Dielectric Logging Through Numerical Simulation (2020)

A good knowledge of the electromagnetic (EM) wave propagation behaviors in dielectric logging (DL) and borehole radar (BHR) surveying is critically important for the optimization of tool design and implementation, and interpretation of the acquired logging data, as well as understanding the influences of the dielectric permittivity and conductivity of the formation on the EM waves. This letter reported a novel method for the numerical simulation and analysis of the guided wave (GW) propagating along a metallic pipe in a typical DL configuration. A numerical simulation with the 3-D finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method was applied to the broadband DL tool to obtain the wavefield and responses of the receiver. By monitoring the wave attenuation along the metallic drill collar, the intensity of the GW and loss factor can be determined. The coupling efficiency of the GW can be obtained when the total power emitted from the transmitting antenna is known. Simulation results revealed that the coupling efficiency of the GW changes with the water saturation of the formation and frequency. The simulation also suggest, by installing a slope structure adjacent to the transmitting antenna, the energy coupled into the GW could be reduced at different levels. Finally, the relationship between the received signals’ amplitude and GW’s coupling efficiency showed the quantified contribution of the GW to the received signal.
The Electrical Conductivity of Zinc Oxide (1941)

The electrical conductivity of zinc oxide for an average sample obeys the following equations, $\ensuremath{\sigma}={10}^{\ensuremath{-}2}\mathrm{exp}(\ensuremath{-}2\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}\frac{{10}^{\ensuremath{-}2}}{\mathrm{kT}})$ ${\mathrm{ohm}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ for $T&lt;25$\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}C and $\ensuremath{\sigma}={10}^{2}\mathrm{exp}(\ensuremath{-}7\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}\frac{{10}^{\ensuremath{-}1}}{\mathrm{kT}})$ ${\mathrm{ohm}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ for ${400}^{\ensuremath{\circ}}\mathrm{C}&lt;T&lt;{700}^{\ensuremath{\circ}}\mathrm{C}$. The conductivity in the lower temperature range is believed to be due to the ionization of interstitial zinc atom pairs, whose ionization energy is 2\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{\ensuremath{-}2}$ volt or less. Conductivity of this type reaches saturation about room temperature. In the higher temperature range the conductivity is caused by the ionization of single interstitial zinc atoms, whose ionization energy is 7\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ volt. At 800\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}C the conductivity of this type begins to reach saturation. Hall effect measurements show the free electron density to be about ${10}^{15}$ ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}3}$ at room temperature. The fraction of pairs existing is ${10}^{\ensuremath{-}3}$ which is a factor of ten larger than the a priori probability.
Bilateral Asymmetry Detection in Mammograms Using Non-rigid Registraion and Pseudo-color Coding (2010)

Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women. The deviation from the normal architectural symmetry of the left and right breasts can indicate the abnormalities in early stage of breast cancer development. This paper presents a computer-aided detection algorithm for bilateral asymmetry in mammograms. First, the left and right mammograms are aligned by a novel non-rigid registration method which based on diffusion model with demons algorithm. It considers the moving image as a deformable grid which diffuses through the contours of the objects in itself. Then, after registration, a bilateral subtraction technique is used to enhance the conspicuity of possible masses. At last, a novel pseudo-color coding method proposed in this paper is used to further highlight the suspicious regions in the subtraction image. Results of the experiment based on mammograms from DDSM show that lesion areas on the processed pseudo-color images could be more easily distinguished than on the original gray ones. This preliminary study indicates that our methods is potentially useful as an aid to radiologists in the interpretation of mammograms.
The InfiltratorTM local drug delivery catheter (2005)

The Atrium Medical ClearWay™ microporous balloon catheter has been developed using expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE) as a balloon material. This material has a porous architecture, as seen in Figure 4.1, with solid nodes connected by a series of fibrils. The fibril length between adjacent nodes is defined as internodal distance and one can select from a wide range of internodal distances by adjusting processing parameters.
Optimal service allocation among two heterogeneous traffic types with no queueing (1987)

Two communication traffic streams with Poisson statistics arrive at a network node. These are to be transmitted across a channel with a total bandwidth capacity of C frequency slots. Messages not accepted at the node are assumed to be lost. Under the assumption of exponential service time distributions, we study the problem of dynamic allocation of available channel bandwidth among the two traffic types so as to minimize a weighted sum of blocking probabilities. Modeling the system as a two-dimensional Markov chain, we show by an application of dynamic programming principles that the optimal policy has the form of a "switching curve."
Cytotoxic T lymphocytes specific for the simian immunodeficiency virus (1999)

A non-human primate model for acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), the simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV)-infected rhesus monkey, was used to explore the role of the AIDS virus-specific cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) response in disease pathogenesis. This CTL response was measured using the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I/peptide tetramer technology. Large numbers of tetramer-binding CD8+ T lymphocytes were demonstrable not only in the peripheral blood, but in lymph nodes and even in semen of chronically SIV-infected monkeys. The central role of these effector T lymphocytes in containing SIV spread during primary infection was demonstrated by showing that early SIV clearance during primary infection correlated with the emergence of the tetramer binding CD8+ T lymphocytes and that in vivo depletion of CD8+ lymphocytes eliminated the ability of the infected monkeys to contain SIV replication. These observations suggest that an effective AIDS vaccine should elicit a potent virus-specific CTL response. In fact, a live, recombinant SIV vaccine constructed using the attenuated pox virus vector modified vaccinia Ankara (MVA) elicited a high-frequency CTL response, comparable in magnitude to that elicited by SIV infection itself. This suggests that vaccine modalities such as MVA may prove useful in creating an effective human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) vaccine. These studies also indicate the power of both the SIV/macaque model and MHC class I/peptide tetramers for assessing AIDS vaccine strategies.
A double-width algorithmic balancing to prevent power analysis Side Channel Attacks in AES (2013)

Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) is one of the most widely used cryptographic algorithms in embedded systems, and is deployed in smart cards, mobile phones and wireless applications. Researchers have found various techniques to attack the encrypted data or the secret key using Side Channel information (execution time, power variations, electro migration, sound, etc.). Power analysis attack is most prevalent out of all Side Channel Attacks (SCAs), the popular being the Differential Power Analysis (DPA). Balancing of signal transitions is one of the methods by which a countermeasure is implemented. Existing balancing solutions to counter power analysis attacks are either costly in terms of power and area or involve much complexity, hence lacks practicality. This paper for the first time proposes a double-width single core (earlier methods used two separate cores)processor algorithmic balancing to obfuscate power variations resulting in a DPA resistant system. The countermeasure only includes code/algorithmic modifications, hence can be easily deployed in any embedded system with a 16 bits bitwidth (or wider) processor. A DPA attack is demonstrated on the Double Width Single Core (DWSC) solution. The attack proved unsuccessful in finding the correct secret key. The instruction memory size overhead is only 16.6% while data memory increases by 15.8%.
Long-term Blood Pressure Changes Measured From Before to After Pregnancy Relative to Nonparous Women (2009)

Gunderson, E.P.; Chiang, V.; Lewis, C.E.; Catov, J.; Quesenberry, C.P. Jr; Sidney, S.; Wei, G.S.; Ness, R. Author Information
Solid-Phase Synthesis of Duocarmycin Analogues and the Effect of C-Terminal Substitution on Biological Activity (2015)

The duocarmycins are potent antitumor agents with potential for use in the development of antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) as well as being clinical candidates in their own right. In this article, we describe the synthesis of a duocarmycin monomer (DSA) that is suitably protected for utilization in solid-phase synthesis. The synthesis was performed on a large scale, and the resulting racemic protected Fmoc-DSA subunit was separated by supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC) into the single enantiomers; its application to solid-phase synthesis methodology gave a series of monomeric and extended duocarmycin analogues with amino acid substituents. The DNA sequence selectivity was similar to that in previous reports for both the monomeric and extended compounds. Substitution at the C-terminus of duocarmycin caused a decrease in antiproliferative activity for all of the compounds studied. An extended compound containing an alanine at the C-terminus was converted to the primary amide or to an extended structure containing a terminal tertiary amine, but this had no beneficial effects on biological activity.