gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Look to the Past: Reevaluation of the Performance of Tall Slender Concrete Masonry Walls (2022)

Slender masonry walls (SMWs) with a slenderness ratio (kh/t) over 30 have stringent design requirements in North American codes (TMS 402/602-16; CSA S304-14). As a result, in some design scenarios masonry struggles to be a competitive option compared to other systems. The limits and requirements for tall walls are largely based on a comprehensive investigation conducted by the American Concrete Institute and the Structural Engineers Association of Southern California 41 years ago. Since then, understanding of these slender elements has advanced, and the tools for a more refined analysis have become easily available to practicing engineers. Furthermore, recent studies highlight the need to reevaluate the performance of these walls and the requirements in the design standards. In this study, a full-scale SMW built using concrete masonry units subjected to eccentric axial and cyclic out-of-plane loads was tested, the first of a series of tests conducted at the University of Alberta to reevaluate the strength and behavior of tall concrete masonry walls; the test aimed to generate a rational design procedure for modern SMWs.
Novel phenomena in macroscopic photonic crystals (2013)

Photonic crystals provide superb opportunities for tailoring of the photonic density of states. This ability can in turn be explored to control radiation into far-field, enhance fluorescent light emission, as well as optimize laser emission. In order to make these phenomena useful for large macroscopic devices, large-area nano-fabrication techniques have to be successfully implemented. In this talk, I will present some of our recent theoretical and experimental progress in exploring these opportunities.
Commentary (2020)

In this E-Video, Hallit et al. demonstrate the performance of peroral endoscopic myotomy (POEM), using an underwater technique, for the treatment of achalasia. As the majority of cohort studies show that the commonest adverse events observed following POEM are related to insufflation causing pneumothorax, pneumomediastinum, and pneumoperitoneum, the use of an underwater technique has the potential to mitigate these effects.
Managing scientific data (2010)

Needed are generic, rather than one-off, DBMS solutions automating storage and analysis of data from scientific collaborations.
Spectrally/bitrate flexible optical network planning (2010)

We consider the Routing and Spectrum Allocation (RSA) problem in an OFDM-based optical network with elastic bandwidth allocation. We asses the spectrum utilization gains of this flexible architecture compared to a traditional fixed-grid rigid-bandwidth WDM network.
Phosphole-N-phenylmaleimide [4+2] cycloadducts as synthetic equivalents of nucleophilic phosphinidenes (2009)

Using 1-R-3,4-dimethylphosphole-N-phenylmaleimide cycloadducts as synthetic equivalents of phosphinidenes [R-P], the following sequence has been developed: [R-P] + R(1)X --> RR(1)PX --> RR(1)P-OR(2).
Detection of PLA2R Autoantibodies before the Diagnosis of Membranous Nephropathy (2019)

Circulating PLA2R-AB are detectable months to years before documented NNRP and biopsy-proven diagnosis in patients with MN.
A reference signal for a dense frequency grid phase calibration (2008)

The aim of this paper is to introduce an RF pulse train generator to provide a reference signal for the phase calibration of the large signal network analyser (LSNA) under modulated excitations.
Pharmacokinetics of Isosorbide Dinitrate in Healthy Volunteers After 24‐Hour Intravenous Infusion (1997)

No studies have examined the pharmacokinetics of isosorbide dinitrate (ISDN) after infusion of long duration, even though such infusions are used in patients. We therefore measured ISDN and its active metabolites, isosorbide-5-mononitrate (IS5MN) and isosorbide-2-mononitrate (IS2MN), in plasma of 9 healthy volunteers who received a continuous intravenous infusion of ISDN for 24 hours at a dose rate that lowered diastolic blood pressure by 10% during the first 30 minutes of infusion. All subjects tolerated the infusion except one who experienced intolerable headache. Five subjects received 1 microgram.min-1.kg-1, one 2 micrograms.min-1.kg-1, and two 4 micrograms.min-1.kg-1 ISDN, whereas the full rate of 6 micrograms.min-1.kg-1 was used continuously in one subject. At all infusion rates the plasma concentrations of ISDN were higher at 24 hours than at earlier times, suggesting that a steady-state condition had not been reached at that time. The same was true for the mononitrate metabolites, which reached higher plasma concentrations and were cleared more slowly than the parent compound after the end of the infusion. Apparent elimination half-lives of ISDN, IS2MN, and IS5MN were 67 +/- 10 minutes, 115 +/- 13 minutes, and 272 +/- 38 minutes, respectively. Comparison of low-rate infusions (1 and 2 micrograms.min-1.kg-1) with high-rate infusions (4 and 6 micrograms.min-1.kg-1) showed that the plasma concentration ratios at 24 hours of mononitrate metabolites to parent drug and apparent plasma clearance of ISDN were almost halved at the higher infusion rates.
Methodology and theoretical basis of forward genetic screening for sleep/wakefulness in mice (2019)

The regulatory network of genes and molecules in sleep/wakefulness remains to be elucidated. Here we describe the methodology and workflow of the dominant screening of randomly mutagenized mice and discuss theoretical basis of forward genetics research for sleep in mice. Our high-throughput screening employs electroencephalogram (EEG) and electromyogram (EMG) to stage vigilance states into a wake, rapid eye movement sleep (REMS) and non-REM sleep (NREMS). Based on their near-identical sleep/wake behavior, C57BL/6J (B6J) and C57BL/6N (B6N) are chosen as mutagenized and counter strains, respectively. The total time spent in the wake and NREMS, as well as the REMS episode duration, shows sufficient reproducibility with small coefficients of variance, indicating that these parameters are most suitable for quantitative phenotype-driven screening. Coarse linkage analysis of the quantitative trait, combined with whole-exome sequencing, can identify the gene mutation associated with sleep abnormality. Our simulations calculate the achievable LOD score as a function of the phenotype strength and the numbers of mice examined. A pedigree showing a mild decrease in total wake time resulting from a heterozygous point mutation in the <i>Cacna1a</i> gene is described as an example.
Identification of Xenopus Cortactin: Two Isoforms of the Transcript and Multiple Forms of the Protein (2001)

Cortactin was initially identified as a substrate for Src tyrosine kinase. It interacts with the filamentous actin in the cell cortex through the tandem repeats of 37-amino acid. In this report, we describe the identification of a Xenopus homolog of cortactin. The deduced amino acid sequence shares over 70% identity with human, mouse, and chicken cortactin. Northern and Western blot analyses revealed that Xenopus cortactin is widely expressed in Xenopus tissues. Analysis of the transcripts using polymerase chain reaction revealed two isoforms being different in the number of the tandem repeats. The major isoform has 6.5 tandem repeats but the minor one has 5.5 tandem repeats. As the sixth repeat, which is missed in the minor isoform, is encoded by a single exon flanked by introns on both sides, these two isoforms are likely to be generated by alternative splicing. We propose that cortactin regulates the construction of actin cytoskeleton by altering the number of its tandem repeats.
Characterization of Terminal Iron(III)–Oxo and Iron(III)–Hydroxo Complexes Derived from O2 Activation (2019)

O<sub>2</sub> activation at nonheme iron centers is a common motif in biological systems. While synthetic models have provided numerous insights into the reactivity of high-valent iron-oxo complexes related to biological processes, the majority of these complexes are synthesized using alternative oxidants. This report describes O<sub>2</sub> activation by an iron(II)-triflate complex of the imino-functionalized tris(pyrrol-2-ylmethyl)amine ligand framework, H<sub>3</sub>[N(pi<sup>Cy</sup>)<sub>3</sub>]. Initial reaction conditions result in the formation of a mixture of oxidation products including terminal iron(III)-oxo and iron(III)-hydroxo complexes. The relevance of these species to the O<sub>2</sub> activation process is demonstrated through reactivity studies and electrochemical analysis of the iron(III)-oxo complex.
WE‐AB‐202‐01: Evaluating the Toxicity Reduction with CT‐Ventilation Functional Avoidance Radiation Therapy (2016)

Purpose: CT‐ventilation is an exciting new imaging modality that uses 4DCTs to calculate lung ventilation. Studies have proposed to use 4DCT‐ventilation imaging for functional avoidance radiotherapy which implies designing treatment plans to spare functional portions of the lung. Although retrospective studies have been performed to evaluate the dosimetric gains to functional lung; no work has been done to translate the dosimetric gains to an improvement in pulmonary toxicity. The purpose of our work was to evaluate the potential reduction in toxicity for 4DCT‐ventilation based functional avoidance. Methods: 70 lung cancer patients with 4DCT imaging were used for the study. CT‐ventilation maps were calculated using the patient's 4DCT, deformable image registrations, and a density‐change‐based algorithm. Radiation pneumonitis was graded using imaging and clinical information. Log‐likelihood methods were used to fit a normal‐tissue‐complication‐probability (NTCP) model predicting grade 2+ radiation pneumonitis as a function of doses (mean and V20) to functional lung (&gt;15% ventilation). For 20 patients a functional plan was generated that reduced dose to functional lung while meeting RTOG 0617‐based constraints. The NTCP model was applied to the functional plan to determine the reduction in toxicity with functional planning Results: The mean dose to functional lung was 16.8 and 17.7 Gy with the functional and clinical plans respectively. The corresponding grade 2+ pneumonitis probability was 26.9% with the clinically‐used plan and 24.6% with the functional plan (8.5% reduction). The V20‐based grade 2+ pneumonitis probability was 23.7% with the clinically‐used plan and reduced to 19.6% with the functional plan (20.9% reduction). Conclusion: Our results revealed a reduction of 9–20% in complication probability with functional planning. To our knowledge this is the first study to apply complication probability to convert dosimetric results to toxicity improvement. The results presented in the current work provide seminal data for prospective clinical trials in functional avoidance. YV discloses funding from State of Colorado. TY discloses National Lung Cancer Partnership; Young Investigator Research grant
CD25 Identifies a Subset of CD4+FoxP3− TIL That Are Exhausted Yet Prognostically Favorable in Human Ovarian Cancer (2014)

CD25, the alpha subunit of the IL2 receptor, is a canonical marker of regulatory T cells (Treg) and hence has been implicated in immune suppression in cancer. However, CD25 is also required for optimal expansion and activity of effector T cells in peripheral tissues. Thus, we hypothesized that CD25, in addition to demarcating Tregs, might identify effector T cells in cancer. To investigate this possibility, we used multiparameter flow cytometry and IHC to analyze tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) in primary high-grade serous carcinomas, the most common and fatal subtype of ovarian cancer. CD25 was expressed primarily by CD4⁺ TIL, with negligible expression by CD8⁺ TIL. In addition to conventional CD25⁺FoxP3⁺ Tregs, we identified a subset of CD25⁺FoxP3⁻ T cells that comprised up to 13% of CD4⁺ TIL. In tumors with CD8⁺ TIL, CD25⁺FoxP3⁻ T cells showed a strong positive association with patient survival (HR, 0.56; P = 0.02), which exceeded the negative effect of Tregs (HR, 1.55; P = 0.09). Among CD4⁺ TIL subsets, CD25⁺FoxP3⁻ cells expressed the highest levels of PD-1. Moreover, after in vitro stimulation, they failed to produce common T-helper cytokines (IFNγ, TNFα, IL2, IL4, IL10, or IL17A), suggesting that they were functionally exhausted. In contrast, the more abundant CD25⁻FoxP3⁻ subset of CD4⁺ TIL expressed low levels of PD-1 and produced T-helper 1 cytokines, yet conferred no prognostic benefit. Thus, CD25 identifies a subset of CD4⁺FoxP3⁻ TIL that, despite being exhausted at diagnosis, have a strong, positive association with patient survival and warrant consideration as effector T cells for immunotherapy.
In and out-diffusion of oxygen during YBa2Cu3O7−δ thin film deposition by in situ resistance measurement (1992)

The instantaneous oxygen content of YBa2Cu3O7−δ thin films was measured during pulsed laser deposition by in situ resistance measurements. The oxygen deficiency (δ) of the surface layer was found to be ∼0.835 during the laser plume and increase to 0.90 when the plume was turned off. Using a theoretical fit it was found that the thickness of the oxygen‐rich layer at the surface increased with increasing film thickness and saturated at ∼300 Å for thick films. The out‐diffusion of oxygen in the absence of the laser plume can be well characterized by a simple diffusion equation, with a diffusivity of D=1.5×10−13 cm2/s. On the other hand, the in‐diffusion of oxygen during the laser plume occurs with a diffusivity of D≳10−8 cm2/s. The vastly different diffusivity is due to the presence of activated atomic oxygen in the laser plume.
Gap-Inhomogeneity-Induced Electronic States in SuperconductingBi2Sr2CaCu2O8+δ (2006)

In this Letter, we analyze, using scanning tunneling spectroscopy, the density of electronic states in nearly optimally doped Bi2Sr2CaCu2O(8+delta) in zero magnetic field. Focusing on the superconducting gap, we find patches of what appear to be two different phases in a background of some average gap, one with a relatively small gap and sharp large coherence peaks and one characterized by a large gap with broad weak coherence peaks. We compare these spectra with calculations of the local density of states for a simple phenomenological model in which a 2xi0 x 2xi0 patch with an enhanced or suppressed d-wave gap amplitude is embedded in a region with a uniform average d-wave gap.
Platelet dysfunction contributes to bleeding complications in patients with probable leptospirosis (2017)

Platelet dysfunction is common in probable leptospirosis patients with manifest bleeding. Increased VWF-platelet binding may contribute to the activation and clearance of platelets.
The Right Dose: From Phase I to Clinical Practice (2021)

To realize the full potential of promising new anticancer drugs, it is of paramount importance to administer them at the right dose. The aim of this educational article is to provide several opportunities to optimize anticancer drug dosing, focusing on oral targeted therapies. First, therapeutic drug monitoring can optimize exposure in individual patients, if the optimal concentration is known. This approach is of particular interest in regard to oral kinase inhibitors with high interindividual pharmacokinetic variability. If exposure is related to response, then therapeutic drug monitoring is potentially feasible, although the clinical utility of this approach has not yet been established. Other approaches to reduce variability include administration of more frequent, smaller doses and administration under optimal prandial conditions. However, for many drugs, the labeled dose has not been demonstrated to be the optimal dose; for such agents, the vast majority of patients may be receiving excessive doses, which results in excessive toxicity. Furthermore, administration of lower off-label doses may reduce both medical and financial toxicity. These strategies should be applied from registration studies to clinical practice, with the goal of better optimizing anticancer treatment.
Commissioning of the Superconducting Ring Cyclotron for the RIKEN RI Beam Factory (2008)

Since 1997, RIKEN Nishina Center has been constructing the Radioactive Isotope Beam Factory (RIBF) and succeeded in beam commissioning of its accelerator complex at the end of 2006. The world's first superconducting ring cyclotron (SRC) is the final booster in the RIBF accelerator complex which is able to accelerate all-element heavy ions to a speed of about 70% of the velocity of light. Assembling of the superconducting sector magnets was completed in August 2005. The superconducting coils were successfully cooled down and excited for tests on many operational aspects: magnetic force, coil protection and quality of magnetic field, showing that they work as designed. After a series of tests the other components were installed and tested under stray fields from the sector magnets. Local magnetic shields were put to the components which could not work under the stray fields. After setups of beam vacuum and radio frequency, beam commissioning started. The first beam was extracted at the end of 2006 and the first uranium beam was extracted in March 2007.
Evolution of P transposable elements: sequences of Drosophila nebulosa P elements. (1987)

P elements have been cloned and sequenced from Drosophila nebulosa. Their sequences have diverged less than 6% from P elements of Drosophila melanogaster. However D. nebulosa P elements have nucleotide changes that close all four open reading frames found in the D. melanogaster P element. Microinjection experiments show that D. nebulosa P elements cannot provide transposase function for D. melanogaster P elements, nor are D. nebulosa P elements mobilized by the transposase provided by a D. melanogaster P factor. Three D. nebulosa P elements appear to have integrated into the same position of a complex, centromeric repeated sequence. Comparison of nucleotide sequences suggests that D. nebulosa P elements have diverged upon different pathways from a common ancestor that was 99% homologous to the P elements of D. melanogaster.
Increased phosphorylation of elongation factor 2 during mitosis in transformed human amnion cells correlates with a decreased rate of protein synthesis. (1990)

Elongation factor 2 was identified in the two-dimensional gel patterns of asynchronous human amnion cells (AMA) by comigration with purified rabbit reticulocyte elongation factor 2 and by two-dimensional gel immunoblot analysis using a specific rabbit polyclonal antibody. In all, four polypeptides were identified corresponding to isoelectric focusing polypeptides 2713 (95.0 kDa), 2714 (94.8 kDa), 3727 (94.8 kDa), and 3702 (93.6 kDa) (listed in order of decreasing pI values) in the computerized comprehensive two-dimensional gel data base of human AMA proteins. The relative proportion of two of these variants (isoelectric focusing polypeptides 3727 and 3702), which are phosphorylated, increased dramatically during mitosis. Since phosphorylation is known to render elongation factor 2 inactive in translation, this observation may partly explain the decline in the rate of protein synthesis observed during cell division.
Minimum-mirror-area single-stage solar concentrators (1980)

A means of generating a concentrating mirror of minimum size for a given average flux-concentration output is outlined. The method is useful for acceptance angles typical of those required for tilting and tracking solar concentrators and can result in substantial cost savings when expensive mirrors (i.e., glass) are used. Comparisons are made with compound parabolic concentrators.
Deformation and Failure in Stochastic Fibrous Networks: Scale, Dimension and Application (2001)

There is an extensive literature on identification and analysis of representative volume elements (RVE’s) in order to bound intrinsic materials properties in porous and nonporous solids. However, in such analyses there is often an implicit assumption made that solution of several large classes of linear scientific problems can be simultaneous achieved simply via a single solution of Laplace's equation for the domain. We find, however, that for an extremely technologically significant class of disordered fibrous/particular structures, the transport properties and the mechanical properties cannot simultaneously be found using a single field solution. Specifically, alterations in microstructure during loading of the material can produce different degrees of effects on mechanical load transfer and conductivity. The details of load transfer within stochastic, porous arrays are critical in understanding their likely properties, which we have shown to exhibit large variability. Nonetheless, through thoughtful use of stochastic finite element simulation, we are able to provide technologically useful guidance on material synthesis, construction, and estimations of lifetime in several key contexts. In doing so, we have addressed several mathematical issues of solution of field equations around singularities produced by phase contrast, boundary condition choice and material contrast, and geometric features inherent in fused structures. This work is a summary of some of our key findings on the subject, and suggests a roadmap for new areas of study, based both on our simulations and on our experiments on materials used in battery systems.
Use of a panel of proteomic markers to improve the sensitivity of CA125 for detecting stage I epithelial ovarian cancer (2008)

5542 Background: Given the low prevalence of ovarian cancer, a successful strategy for early detection will require both high sensitivity (>90%) and specificity (99.6%) to achieve a positive predictive value of 10%. The requisite specificity might be attained through a two stage strategy that utilizes an abnormal value for serum marker(s) to prompt the performance of transvaginal sonography (TVS) in a limited number (2–5%) of women, reducing the specificity required for serum markers to 95–98%. Optimal sensitivity might be achieved by combining CA125 with other biomarkers. Methods: A training set from MDACC that included serum samples from patients with epithelial ovarian cancer (22 stage I and 19 stage II), 40 with benign disease and 99 healthy individuals, was analyzed using the CA125II immunoassay and SELDI-TOF-MS protocols to measure 7 proteins [transthyretin, Apo-A1, transferrin, hepcidin, ß2M, CTAP3, and ITIH4]. Using normalized peak intensity data, statistical models were fit by logistic regression, followed by stepwise optimization of factors retained in the models determined by optimizing the Akaike Information Criterion. A validation set from the GOG included 136 stage I ovarian cancers, 140 benign pelvic masses and 50 healthy controls from the GOG supplemented with 124 healthy controls from MDACC. Results: In the training set analysis, CA125 (>35 U/mL) alone distinguished stage I patients from healthy women with 68 % sensitivity, the 7 biomarkers exhibited 50% sensitivity and a combination of CA125 and the panel of 7 biomarkers achieved a sensitivity of 80% at 98% specificity. The combination separated patients with stage I-II ovarian cancer from benign and normal samples with 85% sensitivity. In the validation set, CA125 (>35U/ml) exhibited a sensitivity of 79% for stage I, whereas the marker panel + CA125 produced a sensitivity of 87% at 95% specificity (P= 0.015, McNemar’s test). The combined panel also detected 38% of benign lesions, but these should be further distinguished during a second stage of screening with TVS. Conclusions: Combining a panel of 7 proteomic markers with CA125 could provide a first step in a sequential two-stage strategy with TVS for early detection of ovarian cancer. Author Disclosure Employment or Leadership Consultant or Advisory Role Stock Ownership Honoraria Research Expert Testimony Other Remuneration Vermillion, Inc. Fujirebio Diagnostics Inc Vermillion, Inc. Fujirebio Diagnostics Inc, Vermillion, Inc. Fujirebio Diagnostics Inc