gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Performance of Interference Alignment in Clustered Wireless Ad Hoc Networks (2010)

Spatial interference alignment among a finite number of users is proposed as a technique to increase the probability of successful transmission in an interference limited clustered wireless ad hoc network. Using techniques from stochastic geometry, we build on the work of Ganti and Haenggi dealing with Poisson cluster processes with a fixed number of cluster points and provide a numerically integrable expression for the outage probability using an intra-cluster interference alignment strategy with multiplexing gain one. For a special network setting we derive a closed-form upper bound. We demonstrate significant performance gains compared to single-antenna systems without local cooperation.
Rational Design of Organic Molecules with Inverted Gaps between First Excited Singlet and Triplet (2023)

One implication of Hund’s first rule for molecules is that the first excited triplet is for the large majority of molecules more stable than the first excited singlet. Only a handful of structural motifs are known to violate it. Recently, the potential of such molecules for emissive materials has been appreciated as their inverted singlet-triplet gaps enable favorable triplet exciton harvesting and low triplet exciton population to be utilized in both efficient and long-lived organic light-emitting diodes. Herein, we report bottom-up design of small organic molecules with inverted singlet-triplet gaps, i.e., INVEST molecules, via the Ring-Bonds-Substitutions (RiBS) ruleset which we introduce in this work. It relies on a few simple rules based on orbital interactions in alternant hydrocarbons to both minimize the exchange integral between highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) and lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) and maximize dynamic spin polarization. Using RiBS, we find many new molecules violating Hund’s first rule in their first excited states thereby greatly expanding the chemical space of potential inverted singlet-triplet gap (INVEST) emitters.
Electric-Field-Controlled Room Temperature AMR Switching in a NiFe/BiFeO<sub>3</sub>/SrRuO<sub>3</sub>/SrTiO<sub>3</sub> (111) Heterostructure (2015)

Ta/NiFe/BiFeO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> (BFO)/SrRuO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> /SrTiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> (111) heterostructure has been fabricated by pulsed laser deposition and magnetic sputtering. The BFO film is pure and highly (111)-oriented. A typical anisotropic magnetoresistance (AMR) effect has been observed by four probes technique at room temperature. When applying an out-of-plane electric field, remarkable reverses of the AMR phase have been observed several times from about -0.015% to about 0.015% in our experiment. These results indicate that a reversible out-of-plane electric field control of magnetization in ferromagnetic layer could be achieved through multiferroic BFO at room temperature.
Assessing baloxavir susceptibility of influenza viruses circulating in the United States during the 2016/17 and 2017/18 seasons (2019)

The anti-influenza therapeutic baloxavir targets cap-dependent endonuclease activity of polymerase acidic (PA) protein. We monitored baloxavir susceptibility in the United States with next generation sequencing analysis supplemented by phenotypic one-cycle infection assay. Analysis of PA sequences of 6,891 influenza A and B viruses collected during 2016/17 and 2017/18 seasons showed amino acid substitutions: I38L (two A(H1N1)pdm09 viruses), E23G (two A(H1N1)pdm09 viruses) and I38M (one A(H3N2) virus); conferring 4-10-fold reduced susceptibility to baloxavir.
Postnatal morpho-functional development of a dog’s meniscus (2023)

This study evaluates the morpho-functional modifications that characterize meniscal development from neonatal to adult dogs. Even if menisci are recognized as essential structures for the knee joint, poor information is available about their morphogenesis, in particular in dog models. Menisci from a group of Dobermann Pinchers aged 0, 10, 30 days, and 4 years (T0, T10, T30, adult, respectively) were analyzed by SEM, histochemistry (Safranin O and Picro Sirius Red Staining analyzed under a polarized light microscope), immunofluorescences (collagen type I and II), biomechanical (compression) and biochemical analyses (glycosaminoglycans, GAGs, and DNA content). SEM analyses revealed that the T0 meniscus is a bulgy structure that during growth tends to flatten, firstly in the inner zone (T10) and then even in the outer zone (T30), until the achievement of the completely smooth adult final shape. These results were further supported by the histochemistry analyses in which the deposition of GAGs started from T30, and the presence of type I birefringent collagen fibers was observed from T0 to T30, while poorly refringent type III collagen fibers were observed in the adult dogs. Double immunofluorescence analyses also evidenced that the neonatal meniscus contains mainly type I collagen fibers, as well as the T10 meniscus, and demonstrated a more evident regionalization and crimping in the T30 and adult meniscus. Young's elastic modulus of the meniscus in T0 and T10 animals was lower than the T30 animals, and this last group was also lower than adult ones (T0-T10 vs T30 vs adult). Biochemical analysis confirmed that cellularity decreases over time from neonatal to adult (p < 0.01). The same decreasing trend was observed in GAGs deposition. These results may suggest that the postnatal development of canine meniscus may be related to the progressive functional locomotory development: after birth, the meniscus acquires its functionality over time, through movement, load, and growth itself.
Astym® therapy: a systematic review (2019)

Soft tissue dysfunction can result from the degeneration of tissues as in the case of degenerative tendinopathy or from the build-up of problematic scar tissue, which can be the result of several aggravating factors, including overuse injuries, acute or chronic trauma, or as a result of surgery. This dysfunction often results in impaired movement, pain, and swelling of the affected area, which can lead to patient dissatisfaction and a lower quality of life. These soft tissue dysfunctions also have a marked economic impact. Although a number of traditional treatments attempt to address these issues, no optimal treatment choice has emerged. Traditional treatments are not always successful, can be invasive, and can consume many medical resources. A relatively new treatment approach, Astym therapy, is a potentially useful, non-invasive, more cost-effective option. This therapy was developed to address soft-tissue dysfunctions by stimulating the regeneration of soft tissues and the resorption of inappropriate scar tissue/fibrosis. It has been reported to help with the resorption and remodeling of abnormal tissue, thereby leading to improved motion, function and pain relief. The purpose of this analysis was to review the published literature related to Astym therapy on various musculoskeletal disorders. Specifically, we evaluated the effectiveness of this therapeutic method on disorders related to the: (I) knee; (II) upper extremity; (III) hamstring muscles; and (IV) ankle and Achilles tendon injuries.
Virus-sized self-assembling lamellar complexes between plasmid DNA and cationic micelles promote gene transfer (1997)

Gene therapy is based on the vectorization of genes to target cells and their subsequent expression. Cationic amphiphile-mediated delivery of plasmid DNA is the nonviral gene transfer method most often used. We examined the supramolecular structure of lipopolyamine/plasmid DNA complexes under various condensing conditions. Plasmid DNA complexation with lipopolyamine micelles whose mean diameter was 5 nm revealed three domains, depending on the lipopolyamine/plasmid DNA ratio. These domains respectively corresponded to negatively, neutrally, and positively charged complexes. Transmission electron microscopy and x-ray scattering experiments on complexes originating from these three domains showed that although their morphology depends on the lipopolyamine/plasmid DNA ratio, their particle structure consists of ordered domains characterized by even spacing of 80 A, irrespective of the lipid/DNA ratio. The most active lipopolyamine/DNA complexes for gene transfer were positively charged. They were characterized by fully condensed DNA inside spherical particles (diameter: 50 nm) sandwiched between lipid bilayers. These results show that supercoiled plasmid DNA is able to transform lipopolyamine micelles into a supramolecular organization characterized by ordered lamellar domains.
An Overview of Dynamic-Linearization-Based Data-Driven Control and Applications (2016)

A brief overview on the model-based control and data-driven control methods is presented. The data-driven equivalent dynamic linearization, as a foundational analysis tool of data-driven control methods for discrete-time nonlinear systems, is introduced in detail with motivations and distinct features. The prototype model-free adaptive control schemes by using the dynamic linearization to an unknown nonlinear plant model, as well as the alternative model-free adaptive control methods by using the dynamic linearization to an unknown ideal nonlinear controller, are discussed. Furthermore, the extensions of the dynamic linearization to unknown nonlinear repetitive systems and the corresponding model-free adaptive iterative learning control methods are also overviewed and summarized. This work highlights the characteristics and comments of the different model-free adaptive control schemes in detail to facilitate the understanding of the readers. Finally, some perspectives on data-driven control methods in information-rich age are given.
Replicating Robert Rosen's (M,R) Systems (2006)

The central interest of this paper is Robert Rosen's replicating (M,R)-Systems, presented in his book Life Itself, where M and R signify Metabolism and Repair, respectively. We look anew at Rosen's model of an organism in the light of extensive research into natural hierarchical systems, and this paper presents conclusions drawn from a comparison between Rosen's relational model of an organism and that of a birational complementary natural hierarchy. Rosen's model is 'replicated' in a number of different ways which lend credence to the argument that birationality sheds new light on the nature of life and the usefulness of his accomplishments. Careful assessment also prompts a number of questions as to the validity and comprehensiveness of the book's arguments. We accept that Rosen's relational model has provided a useful stepping stone to understanding the nature of life, but also suggest that it induces potentially digressive conclusions. We conclude that a binary segregation of relational assemblies into mechanisms and organisms is insufficient, and we indicate how a three-fold segregation throws new light on Rosen's model. An organism is not 'the complement of a mechanism': the complement of a mechanism is its ecosystem: an organism is the 'complex interface' between mechanism and ecosystem.
MEMS-Based Tunable Single-Passband Microwave Photonic Filter (2019)

Single-passband microwave photonic filters have significant advantages such as wide tuning range and high reconfigurability making them attractive photonic subsystems for modern telecommunication systems. However, implementation of such a reconfigurable subsystem requires compact, reliable and low cost tuning mechanism [1-3]. We report a novel Microelectromechanical Systems (MEMS)-based tunable single-passband microwave photonic filter that uses a chirped fiber Bragg grating as a dispersive element, instead of the conventional single mode optical fiber cable. The tunability is accomplished using a MEMS interferometer implemented by inserting a cleaved single mode fiber in front of a gold-platted micromirror fabricated by Deep Reactive Ion Etching (DRIE) on a Silicon On Insulator (SOI) wafer [4-6]. The filter is tuned by changing the length between the fiber end and the mirror (ΔL).
Novel Formulation of the Tightening and Breakaway Torque Components in Threaded Fasteners (2006)

New formulas are developed for the torque-tension relationship, various torque components, and for the break-away torque values in threaded fastener applications. The 3-D aspects of the lead helix and thread profile angles, the kinetic and static friction coefficients are all taken into account. Two scenarios of the contact pressure between threads and under the turning fastener head are considered; namely, uniform distributed and linearly distributed contact pressure scenarios. The effect of thread pitch, lead helix and thread profile angles, friction coefficients, and the fastener geometry is discussed. Results from the new formulas are compared with the approximate torque-tension relationship provided in the literature. A percent difference analysis indicates that the new formulas provide significant improvement that would enhance the reliability and safety of bolted connections, especially in critical applications.
A Multielectrode Electrochemical and Scanning Differential Electrochemical Mass Spectrometry Study of Methanol Oxidation on Electrodeposited PtxRuy (2004)

Methanol electro-oxidation was studied on a series of electrodeposited PtxRuy catalysts constructed as multielement band electrodes. A combination of electrochemical and scanning differential electrochemical mass spectrometry measurements were performed to evaluate the composition-dependence of methanol oxidation, methanol decomposition, CO2 current efficiency, and the product distribution at 25 and 50 °C. At 25 °C, cyclic voltammetry revealed that the presence of Ru led to enhanced methanol oxidation rates over that of pure Pt. Methanol decomposition showed a similar composition-dependence. Mass spectrometry measurements revealed the evolution of HCOOH and CO2 during methanol oxidation and allowed indirect determination of H2CO produced. Notably, these products were not observed during methanol decomposition. The most active electrode compositions and the highest instantaneous current efficiencies for the formation of CO2 were found to depend on several factors. At 25 °C, the maximum activity was ∼10% Ru, while at 50 °C the most active composition increased to ∼25% Ru. Pure Pt had the highest instantaneous current efficiency for CO2 at both temperatures. The product distribution reflected high CO2 evolution for Pt, with an increasing fraction of the product emerging as H2CO at higher Ru content. Increasing the temperature improved the CO2 current efficiency for all electrode compositions. These results confirm that methanol oxidation occurs though a parallel reaction pathway on PtxRuy electrodes. In addition, the balance between the different reaction pathways depends on several factors, including Ru composition and temperature.
A comparison of the diagnostic accuracy and prognostic value of the first and second anti-cyclic citrullinated peptides (CCP1 and CCP2) autoantibody tests for rheumatoid arthritis (2005)

The CCP2 test had better diagnostic and prognostic ability than the CCP1 test.
Alcohol Use and Gastrointestinal Cancer Risk (2020)

People with long-term risky alcohol use should be encouraged to join cancer screening programmes. Alcohol cessation appears to be effective in reducing the alcohol-induced, increased cancer risk.
Electrical Properties of PbSrTiO 3 Films on Stainless Steel Substrates with LaSrMnO 3 Buffer layers (2002)

In this study, ferroelectric Pb 0.6 Sr 0.4 TiO 3 (PST) thin films have been grown on a commercial stainless steel (SS), and metallic oxide La 0.5 Sr 0.5 MnO 3 (LSMO) buffered SS substrates, using pulsed laser deposition. Ferroelectric and dielectric properties of PST thin films were evaluated, PST films exhibited much higher dielectric constants and fatigue-resistance with LSMO-buffered substrate. The ferroelectric properties of PST/LSMO/SS layers are also pronouncedly improved. The present study also indicates that dielectric constants and leakage current density of PST/LSMO/SS films is superior to those obtained from PST/SS films. Ferroelectric properties of PST/LSMO/SS films are much more fatigue-resistant than those of PST/SS films. The results indicate that the electric properties of PST films were significantly influenced by the condition of films/electrode interfaces.
Calibration of piezoelectric-driven mirrors for laser resonators (1981)

A new technique for measuring small displacements of piezoelectric-driven mirrors has been applied to the calibration of piezoelectric-driven mirror systems for laser resonator cavities. In this technique, a wave-front sensor that includes an acousto–optic modulator and uses optical heterodyning measures the phase change when a mirror, driven by the piezoelectric translator, moves. Measurements obtained by means of this technique have been compared with measurements obtained with the traditional interferometer methods and have proven to be more precise. The increased precision was attributed to higher signal-to-noise ratios typically obtained with frequency-modulated, relative to amplitude-modulated, systems where intensity fluctuations exist in the system. The increased signal-to-noise ratio is advantageous when, as frequency increases, the output voltage from the driving power amplifier falls off. For a given amplifier, frequency–response data of the piezoelectric driver–mirror combination can be determined at higher frequencies. In this case, the frequency has been extended from 15–40 kHz.
Synthesis of 2',3',6'-Trideoxy-β-D-erythro-hexopyranosyl Nucleosides Employing Intramolecular Glycosylation as a Key Step (1998)

Abstract 2′,3′-Dideoxy-β-D-erythro-hexopyranosyl pyrimidine nucleosides were synthesized in a stereoselective manner utilizing the intramolecular pyrimidine delivery method. The nucleosides obtained from this reaction were further transformed into its 6′-deoxy derivative, which is a promising synthetic intermediate for amicetin family antibiotics.
Current concepts, advances, and challenges in deciphering the human microbiota with metatranscriptomics (2023)

Metatranscriptomics refers to the analysis of the collective microbial transcriptome of a sample. Its increased utilization for the characterization of human-associated microbial communities has enabled the discovery of many disease-state related microbial activities. Here, we review the principles of metatranscriptomics-based analysis of human-associated microbial samples. We describe strengths and weaknesses of popular sample preparation, sequencing, and bioinformatics approaches and summarize strategies for their use. We then discuss how human-associated microbial communities have recently been examined and how their characterization may change. We conclude that metatranscriptomics insights into human microbiotas under health and disease have not only expanded our knowledge on human health, but also opened avenues for rational antimicrobial drug use and disease management.
Normative Data for the Singapore English and Chinese SF-36 Version 2 Health Survey (2014)

We have provided detailed normative data for the Singapore English and Chinese SF-36v2, which would be valuable in furthering HRQoL research in Singapore and possibly the region.
Analysis of BIOLOG GN Substrate Utilization Patterns by Microbial Communities (1998)

BIOLOG GN plates are increasingly used to characterize microbial communities by determining the ability of the communities to oxidize various carbon sources. Studies were done to determine whether the BIOLOG GN plate assay accurately reflects the catabolic potential of the inoculum used. To gain insight into which populations of microbial communities contribute to the BIOLOG patterns, denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis and temperature gradient gel electrophoresis (TGGE) were used to assess the diversity of ribotypes in the inocula and individual wells of BIOLOG plates following incubation. These studies were done with microbial communities from the rhizosphere of potatoes and an activated sludge reactor fed with glucose and peptone. TGGE analyses of BIOLOG wells inoculated with cell suspensions from the potato rhizosphere revealed that, compared with the inoculum, there was a decrease in the number of 16S rRNA gene fragments obtained from various wells, as well as a concomitant loss of populations that had been numerically dominant in the inoculum. The dominant fragments in TGGE gels could be assigned to the gamma subclass of the class Proteobacteria, suggesting that fast-growing bacteria adapted to high substrate concentrations were numerically dominant in the wells and may have been primarily responsible for the patterns of substrate use that were observed. Similarly, the community structure changed in wells inoculated with cells from activated sludge; one or more populations were enriched, but all dominant populations of the inoculum could be detected in at least one well. This study showed that carbon source utilization profiles obtained with BIOLOG GN plates do not necessarily reflect the functional potential of the numerically dominant members of the microbial community used as the inoculum.
Multi-band multi-location RF power survey and ambient RF energy harvesting circuit (2019)

This paper presents multi-band and multi-location radio frequency (RF) survey for ambient energy harvesting. As an alternative to costly spectrum analyzers, the survey was conducted using software defined radio for FM (88–108 MHz), cellular band (880 MHz) and Wi-Fi band (2.4 GHz). The power levels at three different locations in a tier-II smart city were recorded and plotted to get information on the available ambient RF power levels. A full wave voltage quadrupler circuit (2-stage Dickson rectifier) was implemented to act as a rectifier and a voltage booster. Two different types of antennae were used for capturing the ambient RF signals – wire antenna and capacitive loop antenna. No impedance matching circuitry was employed and the ambient RF signals were used to charge up a capacitor connected to the rectifier output. Capacitive loop antenna helped in achieving a peak capacitor voltage of 16 V and outperformed the simple wire antenna which provided a peak capacitor voltage of 13 V. The charged capacitor was also used to drive an LED.
The virtual panel architecture: A 3D gesture framework (2002)

The Virtual Panel Architecture (VPA) has been designed to help implement an intermediate abstraction with elements of both a physical control panel and a computer-based control panel. This abstraction, handling 3D point-based gesticulative interaction with modeled object hierarchies, is suitable for both virtual reality environments and traditional environments. Based on the VPA, an environment of virtual panels is demonstrated which can be incorporated into keyboard-and-mouse-based computing. Users are able to turn virtual knobs, adjust virtual sliders, and point at virtual screens on these virtual panels in this environment.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>