gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Early Absorption and Distribution Analysis of Antitumor and Anti-AIDS Drugs:  Lipid Membrane and Plasma Protein Interactions (2005)

The interactions of a set of compounds of potential importance for anticancer and AIDS chemotherapy with lipid membranes and plasma proteins were studied with a surface plasmon resonance (SPR) based optical biosensor, giving valuable information on the absorption and distribution of the compounds. The technique allowed both effective screening of compounds and more detailed kinetic and mechanistic analysis of specific interactions. The interaction with two different types of lipid membranes could be reliably measured at a drug concentration as low as 20 microM, allowing analysis of poorly soluble compounds. Distribution was evaluated by investigation of the interactions with two human plasma proteins, human serum albumin (HSA) and alpha(1)-acid glycoprotein (AGP). Two apparent binding sites were clearly defined for HSA: one with rapid and one with slow association and dissociation rates. The sites appear to differ in accessibility and recognition characteristics rather than in their capacities to form strong complexes with drugs.
Abstracts of the annual meeting of Planetary Geologic Mappers: June 21-22, 2002, Tempe, Arizona (2002)

The annual meeting of planetary geologic mappers allows mappers the opportunity to exchange ideas, experiences, victories, and problems. In addition, presentations are reviewed by the Geologic Mapping Subcommittee (GEMS) to provide input to the Planetary Geology and Geophysics Mapping Program review panel’s consideration of new proposals and progress reports that include mapping tasks. Funded mappers bring both oral presentation materials (slides or viewgraphs) and map products to post for review by GEMS and fellow mappers. Additionally, the annual meetings typically feature optional field trips that offer Earth analogs and parallels to planetary mapping problems or workshops that provide information and status of current missions. The 2002 meeting of planetary geologic mappers was held June 21-22 at the Mars Flight Facility, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona. Dr. Phil Christensen graciously offered the use of the newly renovated facility, and Ms. Kelly Bender not only proved to be a courteous hostess, but also arranged a short workshop on June 23 regarding TES and THEMIS data. Approximately 30 people attended each day of the 2-day meeting, although not the same 30—some attended only on Thursday and others only on Friday. On Thursday, eight mappers gave oral presentations of Mars mapping, and an additional two presentations were presented as posters only. Eight oral presentations on Venus mapping were given on Friday, and an additional four presentations were posters only. Twelve people attended the TES/THEMIS workshop. Presentations of Ganymede mapping and Europa mapping (the latter not yet financially sponsored by PG&G mapping program) were also given on Friday. Aside from the regular presentations of maps-in-progress, there were some additional talks. Lisa Gaddis (USGS) presented a proposal seeking support for a new lunar mapping program in light of all the new data available; she made a good case that the GEMS panel discussed. Jim Skinner (USGS) gave a short presentation on free (or nearly so) software available for 3D viewing of planetary surfaces. Healthy discussions focused on the review time for some maps and the use of different styles of correlation charts observed on the presented maps. Next year’s meeting will be held June 19-20 at Brown University, Providence, RI.
Supplemental Oxygen in the Newborn: Historical Perspective and Current Trends (2021)

Oxygen is the final electron acceptor in aerobic respiration, and a lack of oxygen can result in bioenergetic failure and cell death. Thus, administration of supplemental concentrations of oxygen to overcome barriers to tissue oxygen delivery (e.g., heart failure, lung disease, ischemia), can rescue dying cells where cellular oxygen content is low. However, the balance of oxygen delivery and oxygen consumption relies on tightly controlled oxygen gradients and compartmentalized redox potential. While therapeutic oxygen delivery can be life-saving, it can disrupt growth and development, impair bioenergetic function, and induce inflammation. Newborns, and premature newborns especially, have features that confer particular susceptibility to hyperoxic injury due to oxidative stress. In this review, we will describe the unique features of newborn redox physiology and antioxidant defenses, the history of therapeutic oxygen use in this population and its role in disease, and clinical trends in the use of therapeutic oxygen and mitigation of neonatal oxidative injury.
Search for heavy Majorana neutrinos in same-sign dilepton channels in proton-proton collisions at $$ \sqrt{s}=13 $$ TeV (2019)

A bstract A search is performed for a heavy Majorana neutrino (N), produced in leptonic decay of a W boson propagator and decaying into a W boson and a lepton, with the CMS detector at the LHC. The signature used in this search consists of two same-sign leptons, in any flavor combination of electrons and muons, and at least one jet. The data were collected during 2016 in proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 35.9 fb −1 . The results are found to be consistent with the expected standard model background. Upper limits are set in the mass range between 20 and 1600 GeV in the context of a Type-I seesaw mechanism, on | V eN | 2 , | V μ N | 2 , and | V eN V μN * | 2 /(| V eN | 2 + | V μ N | 2 ), where V ℓN is the matrix element describing the mixing of N with the standard model neutrino of flavor ℓ = e , μ . For N masses between 20 and 1600 GeV, the upper limits on | V ℓN | 2 range between 2 . 3 × 10 −5 and unity. These are the most restrictive direct limits for heavy Majorana neutrino masses above 430 GeV.
Mechanical strengthening of silicon torsion bar of MEMS scanning mirror by hydrogen anneal (2013)

This paper reports on the strengthening effect of hydrogen anneal on torsional fracture strength of single crystal silicon (SCS). Moving-magnet-type MEMS mirrors were prepared by fabricating SCS and silicon on insulator (SOI) wafers via deep reactive ion etching (DRIE) as fracture test specimens. As a result of the fracture test of the torsion bar on the mirrors, the torsion bar fabricated using a SCS wafer could be strengthened to about 4 times in average by hydrogen anneal. By contrast, that using a SOI wafer was weaken to half. This mechanical strengthening effect has the potential ability to provide highly-reliable and tough SCS-based MEMS devices.
Enhanced Gene Expression in Mouse Lung after PEI–DNA Aerosol Delivery (2000)

Aerosol gene delivery to the pulmonary system has vast potential for many diseases, including cystic fibrosis and lung cancer. We recently reported that polyethyleneimine (PEI), a cationic polymer, holds promise as a gene delivery vector for transfection in lung by aerosol. To further optimize the gene expression in the lung by aerosol, we utilized 5% CO(2) in air for the nebulization of PEI-DNA complexes. Five percent CO(2)-in-air gave a threefold higher gene expression compared to normal air using the chloramphenicol acetyl transferase (CAT) reporter gene delivered by Aerotech II nebulizer. The delivery of DNA by PEI was dose dependent with the highest expression obtained when 2 mg of DNA in 10 ml was nebulized at a PEI nitrogen:DNA phosphate (N:P) ratio of 10:1. The optimal N:P ratio for lung transfection was found to be between 10:1 and 20:1 using the CAT and luciferase reporter genes. The time-course studies showed the highest expression at 24 h after aerosol delivery and 40-50% of peak level was detectable even after a week. Tissue distribution indicates the expression to be specific to the lung with no detectable expression in any other tissue examined. Histological and biochemical analysis of lungs revealed no evidence of acute inflammation.
Arsenic redistribution and out-diffusion in TiSi2-Si bilayered structures (1990)

The influence of both titanium silicide formation and a subsequent high-temperature treatment in the range 900-1100 degrees C on the arsenic profile in silicon has been investigated. As a result of the two-step process used for the silicide formation, the dopant contained in the reached silicon layer redistributes and segregates both at the sample free surface and at TiSi2-Si interface. The arsenic profile in the unreacted silicon is not modified. Subsequent rapid high-temperature annealing (900-1100 degrees C) induces a migration of arsenic atoms from the silicon into the silicide. The transport occurs for samples either capped with SiO2 or uncapped. In the latter, in addition, arsenic out-diffusion is also observed. The residual arsenic dose in silicon decreases linearly with the square root of time during the high-temperature anneal. The process is governed by a diffusion coefficient whose measured value, 6*10-14 cm2 s-1, is comparable to that of arsenic in silicon, thus indicating that diffusion is the limiting mechanism for the arsenic loss in uncapped samples.
How Much Can We Ask of Molecular Biomarkers? An Opinion on Pattinson et al, “Elevated Tau in Military Personnel Relates to Chronic Symptoms Following Traumatic Brain Injury” (2019)

Department of Emergency Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia. Corresponding Author: Donald G. Stein, PhD, Emory University, 1365 B Clifton Rd NE, Ste 5100, Atlanta GA 30322 ([email protected]). The author declares no conflicts of interest.
Endogenous Hormones and the Risk of Hip and Vertebral Fractures Among Older Women (1999)

Cummings, Steven R.; Browner, Warren S.; Bauer, Douglas; Stone, Katie; Ensrud, Kristine; Jamal, Sophie; Ettinger, Bruce Author Information
Learning Object Representations by Clustering Banana Wavelet Responses (1997)

For object recognition systems it is essential to have an internal representation of the object to be recognized. We introduce a system which learns such a representation from training images of an object class. Every image is preprocessed with banana wavelets. The result is a description of local areas of an image in terms of curved lines. These features are the input to a clustering algorithm which learns to seperate features specific for an object class from features generated accidentally by variations in background or illumination. This leads to a representation of an object class which can be visualized in form of a line drawing. The representation is sparse, for the most part free of redundancies and independent of varying backgrounds and illuminations in the training images. It comprises representative features only, and has already been utilized successfully for object recognition tasks. 1 Introduction The human visual system posseses the remarkable property that it can reco...
ZNF687 Mutations in Severe Paget Disease of Bone Associated with Giant Cell Tumor (2016)

Paget disease of bone (PDB) is a skeletal disorder characterized by focal abnormalities of bone remodeling, which result in enlarged and deformed bones in one or more regions of the skeleton. In some cases, the pagetic tissue undergoes neoplastic transformation, resulting in osteosarcoma and, less frequently, in giant cell tumor of bone (GCT). We performed whole-exome sequencing in a large family with 14 PDB-affected members, four of whom developed GCT at multiple pagetic skeletal sites, and we identified the c.2810C>G (p.Pro937Arg) missense mutation in the zinc finger protein 687 gene (ZNF687). The mutation precisely co-segregated with the clinical phenotype in all affected family members. The sequencing of seven unrelated individuals with GCT associated with PDB (GCT/PDB) identified the same mutation in all individuals, unravelling a founder effect. ZNF687 is highly expressed during osteoclastogenesis and osteoblastogenesis and is dramatically upregulated in the tumor tissue of individuals with GCT/PDB. Interestingly, our preliminary findings showed that ZNF687, indicated as a target gene of the NFkB transcription factor by ChIP-seq analysis, is also upregulated in the peripheral blood of PDB-affected individuals with (n = 5) or without (n = 6) mutations in SQSTM1, encouraging additional studies to investigate its potential role as a biomarker of PDB risk.
Frequent Overexpression of STK15/Aurora-A/BTAK and Chromosomal Instability in Tumorigenic Cell Cultures Derived From Human Ovarian Cancer (2005)

The STK15 (also known as Aurora-A/BTAK) gene localized on chromosome 20q13 and encoding a centrosome-associated serine/threonine kinase is amplified and overexpressed in multiple human tumor cell types. Overexpression of this gene is involved in tumorigenic transformation, induction of centrosome duplication-distribution abnormalities, and aneuploidy in mammalian cells. To examine the potential role of STK15 in ovarian tumorigenesis, its mRNA and protein expression status were examined in cells grown in culture from 15 ovarian cancer specimens using semiquantitative RT-PCR and Western blot analysis. Normal ovarian surface tissues and the near diploid nontumorigenic breast epithelial cell line MCF10 were used as controls. The status of STK15 correlated with transformation-associated cellular phenotypes including tumorigenicity in nude mice, p53 expression level, and chromosomal ploidy. For chromosome ploidy analyses, FISH was carried out with direct fluorescence-labeled a-satellite probes for chromosome 3 and 17. STK15 mRNA was found overexpressed in 10 of the 15 ovarian cancer cell cultures. Five of these cell cultures revealed a truncated form of the STK15 protein with a molecular mass of 36 kDa. When tested for tumorigenicity in nude mice, 9 of the 10 cell cultures that overexpressed STK15 mRNA formed tumors in nude mice, while only one of the five cell cultures with no overexpression did. Cells overexpressing STK15 mRNA showed significant correlation with chromosome 3 polysomy. Six of the 13 (46%) cell cultures analyzed for p53 expression revealed overexpression of p53 and five of these six (83%) also overexpressed STK15. Four of the remaining seven cultures (57%) with overexpression of STK15 revealed minimal or no expression of p53. These results demonstrate that overexpression of STK15 significantly correlates with nude mice tumorigenicity and chromosomal aneuploidy in human ovarian cancer cells grown in vitro. Additionally, cells overexpressing STK15 also revealed frequent coordinate loss of wild-type p53 function manifested either as highly expressed intense staining reflective of a mutant form of p53 or almost complete absence of p53 staining. Overexpression of STK15 with coordinate loss of wild-type p53 function thus appears to play an important role in ovarian tumorigenesis and offers a novel molecular target in designing effective therapy of human ovarian cancer.
Tessellating memory space for parallel access (2017)

Modern reconfigurable computing chips, such as FPGAs, offer an unprecedented opportunity to achieving both multifunctionality and real-time responsiveness for memory-intensive embedded applications. However, how to cost-effectively synthesize application-specific hardware constructs that fully exploit memory-level parallelism remains to be a key challenge. To address this problem, we propose a new tessellation-based memory partitioning and mapping scheme that aims at maximizing parallel memory accesses while conserving both hardware and energy consumption. Comparing with the existing linear skewing and hyper-plane partitioning methodologies, our proposed technique exploits the regularity of tessellation patterns to assign memory bank and calculate intra-bank offset in a direct geometric-based manner, therefore not only quite intuitive to comprehend, but also quite straightforward to implement with hardware. To empirically validate our proposed tessellation-based methodology, we have implemented a baseline prototype with a standard Virtex 7 FPGA device and the Vivado HLS engine from Xilinx. Our experimental results have shown that on average for 5 benchmark applications from SPEC2006, compared with state-of-art methods, we have improvements in clock period of around 13%, memory overhead reduction of up to 100%, and reduction of DSP usage up to 100%.
Airbrush simulation for artwork and computer modeling (2009)

A computerized airbrush system with a full three dimensional airbrush interface is presented. The position and orientation of an electronic airbrush tool is tracked in space, and, when the trigger is pulled, paint is sprayed onto two and three dimensional objects displayed on a computer monitor. The experimentally derived paint spray model used for the airbrush takes into account factors such as air to paint ratio, viscosity, and distance of the airbrush from the work. Paint mixing between colors applied to the surface is modeled using Kubelka-Munk theory. Computerized stencils, including semi-permeable stencils, can be manually positioned by the artist or projected onto the object's surface. Two and three dimensional examples of traditional airbrush artwork, produced using the system, are presented. The system can also be used as a modeling tool to decorate three dimensional objects.
Prevalence and Morphology of C-Shaped Canals: A CBCT Analysis in a Korean Population (2021)

This retrospective study of roots with C-shaped canals investigated their prevalence, configuration type, and lingual wall thickness, as well as the panoramic radiographic features of roots in permanent mandibular second molars confirmed to have C-shaped canals on cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) in a Korean population. In total, 1884 CBCT images of mandibular second molars were examined by two endodontists to analyze the presence of C-shaped canals according to age and sex. The bilateral occurrence of C-shaped roots and their morphology on panoramic radiography were assessed and statistically analyzed using the chi-square test. The classification of Fan et al. was applied to categorize the configurations of C-shaped canals. The lingual wall thickness was calculated in the mesial, middle, and distal areas at the orifice and at 5 mm from the apex. The Mann-Whitney <i>U</i> test was used to analyze the mean difference of lingual wall thickness between the apex and orifice level. A <i>P</i> value of 0.05 was considered to indicate statistical significance in the statistical analyses. Of 2508 mandibular second molars, 924 (36.8%) had C-shaped root canals. The prevalence was significantly lower in the over 61 age group (24.08%) than in the 21-30-year age group (40.02%) and was higher in women (42.32%). Most cases were bilateral (85.9%). The C1 type was the most common (35.3%). The prevalence of C1 type canals decreased, while that of C3b type canals increased with age. In 75.2% of teeth having C-shaped root canals on CBCT, fused roots were observed on panoramic views. The difference in the lingual wall thickness at the orifice and 5 mm from the apex was significant in the middle area in all configurations of C-shaped root canals. When performing nonsurgical or surgical endodontic procedures of the mandibular second molars, clinicians should consider age, sex, ethnicity, and anatomical variations.
Expression analysis of the regenerating gene (Reg) family members Reg‐IIIβ and Reg‐IIIγ in the mouse during development (2011)

The regenerating gene/regenerating islet-derived (Reg) family is a group of small secretory proteins. Within this family, Reg type-III (Reg-III) consists of: Reg-IIIα, -β, -γ, and -δ. To elucidate the physiological relevance of Reg-III, we examined the localization and ontogeny of Reg-IIIβ and Reg-IIIγ in mice at different time points spanning from embryonic day 13.5 to 7 weeks old, using in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry. Our results showed that Reg-IIIβ was expressed in specific subsets of primary sensory neurons and motor neurons, and that expression was transient during the embryonic and perinatal periods. Reg-IIIβ expression was also observed in absorptive epithelial cells of the intestine. In contrast, Reg-IIIγ expression was mainly observed in epithelial cells of the airways and intestine, but not in the nervous system, and expression levels showed a gradually increasing pattern along with development. In the airways Reg-IIIγ was expressed in goblet and Clara-like cells, whereas in the intestine Reg-IIIγ was expressed in the absorptive epithelial cells and Paneth cells, and was found to be expressed in development before these organs had been exposed to the outside world. The present findings imply that Reg-IIIβ and Reg-IIIγ expression is regulated along divergent pathways. Furthermore, we also suggest that expression of Reg-IIIγ in the airway and intestinal epithelia may occur to protect these organs from exposure to antigens or other factors (e.g., microbes) in the outer world, whereas the transient expression of Reg-IIIβ in the nervous system may be associated with the development of the peripheral nervous system including such processes as myelination.
Human-machine interface for industrial vehicles (2016)

El mon de l'automocio es un sector clau dins de la industria, tant en el nostre pais com en l'ambit global. En els ultims anys, l'electronica ha anat agafant un major protagonisme i s'ha realitzat un gran proces d'estandarditzacio per garantir la seguretat dels usuaris. Aixo es tradueix en una marcada metodologia de treball que garanteix que el disseny dels productes destinats a aquest sector sigui satisfactori i compleixi els criteris minims de qualitat i seguretat. Aquest projecte tracta de reproduir tot el proces de disseny seguit en una empresa d'automocio, incloent la part de sistemes, hardware i software. Per axio s'han estudiat diferents normatives d'util o obligada aplicacio i s'han estudiat i implementat els processos especifics del disseny en V.
Understanding regression failures through test-passing and test-failing code changes (2013)

Debugging and isolating changes responsible for regression test failures are some of the most challenging aspects of modern software development. Automatic bug localization techniques reduce the manual effort developers spend examining code, for example, by focusing attention on the minimal subset of recent changes that results in the test failure, or on changes to components with most dependencies or highest churn. We observe that another subset of changes is worth the developers' attention: the complement of the maximal set of changes that does not produce the failure. While for simple, independent source-code changes, existing techniques localize the failure cause to a small subset of those changes, we find that when changes interact, the failure cause is often in our proposed subset and not in the subset existing techniques identify. In studying 45 regression failures in a large, open-source project, we find that for 87% of those failures, the complement of the maximal passing set of changes is different from the minimal failing set of changes, and that for 78% of the failures, our technique identifies relevant changes ignored by existing work. These preliminary results suggest that combining our ideas with existing techniques, as opposed to using either in isolation, can improve the effectiveness of bug localization tools.