gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
When is it intelligent to use a smart battery? (2002)

Several products using different fundamental techniques have been introduced in the market that monitor batteries and give them smart characteristics. This survey article is intended to make the reader aware that the smart battery is considered an intelligent way to build-in quality and reliability into a battery pack and at the same time increase its durability and lifetime. Different complexities of the smart battery, ie., only charge control or only fuel gauging, may make sense for some end-user products that include radios, power tools and toys. The authors found that uncertain or unpredictable users' characteristics increase the need for remote intelligence inside the battery pack. The advantages of a smart battery include, but are not limited to: battery pack safety and protection, optimal charge acceptance and battery pack state-of-charge measurement.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Bispecific monoclonal antibody complexes facilitate erythrocyte binding and liver clearance of a prototype particulate pathogen in a monkey model (1997)

We used Anger camera imaging in a monkey model to investigate the organ localization of a prototype particulate pathogen, 131I-labeled bacteriophage phi X174, after it was bound to the primate erythrocyte complement receptor and then cleared from the circulation. This 131I-labeled phi X174 was infused into the circulation of an immunized monkey, and the nascently formed immune complexes showed rapid and quantitative binding to erythrocytes via the immune adherence reaction (complement-mediated binding). Alternatively, phi X174 was infused into the circulation of a naive animal, and then cross-linked bispecific mAb complexes (heteropolymers, anti-CR1 x anti-phi X174) were infused into the circulation. The infused heteropolymers also facilitated rapid and quantitative binding of phi X174 to erythrocytes. In both cases, after a short lag period, the erythrocyte-bound phi X174 was rapidly cleared from the circulation, and the vast majority of the radiolabel was cleared to the liver, with a small amount clearing to the spleen. Further liver imaging confirmed that within 24 h most of the bacteriophage previously cleared to the liver via the heteropolymer system was phagocytosed and destroyed. The findings in this model system provide additional evidence for the potential utility of heteropolymers to facilitate the safe and rapid clearance of blood-borne pathogens as a potential treatment for infectious diseases.
Supramolecular Copolymerization as a Strategy to Control the Stability of Self‐Assembled Nanofibers (2018)

Abstract A major challenge in supramolecular polymerization is controlling the stability of the polymers formed, that is, controlling the rate of monomer exchange in the equilibrium between monomer and polymer. The exchange dynamics of supramolecular polymers based on benzene‐1,3,5‐tricarboxamide (BTA) can be regulated by copolymerizing molecules with dendronized (dBTA) and linear (nBTA) ethylene glycol‐based water‐soluble side chains. Whereas nBTAs form long nanofibers in water, dBTAs do not polymerize, forming instead small spherical aggregates. The copolymerization of the two BTAs results in long nanofibers. The exchange dynamics of both the BTA monomers in the copolymer are significantly slowed down in the mixed systems, leading to a more stable copolymer, while the morphology and spectroscopic signature of the copolymers are identical to that of nBTA homopolymer. This copolymerization is the supramolecular counterpart of styrene/ maleic anhydride copolymerization.
Draft genome sequence of Microbacterium oleivorans strain Wellendorf implicates heterotrophic versatility and bioremediation potential (2016)

<i>Microbacterium oleivorans</i> is a predominant member of hydrocarbon-contaminated environments. We here report on the genomic analysis of <i>M. oleivorans</i> strain Wellendorf that was isolated from an indoor door handle. The partial genome of <i>M. oleivorans</i> strain Wellendorf consists of 2,916,870 bp of DNA with 2831 protein-coding genes and 49 RNA genes. The organism appears to be a versatile mesophilic heterotroph potentially capable of hydrolysis a suite of carbohydrates and amino acids. Genomic analysis revealed metabolic versatility with genes involved in the metabolism and transport of glucose, fructose, rhamnose, galactose, xylose, arabinose, alanine, aspartate, asparagine, glutamate, serine, glycine, threonine and cysteine. This is the first detailed analysis of a <i>Microbacterium oleivorans</i> genome.
The resource-oriented Mobile Web Server for long-lived services (2010)

The Web Servers are globally accepted as the backbone of the Internet. The researchers in the area of the enterprise computing have studied, analyzed and implemented several architectures to optimize the performance of the largescale Web Servers. However, due to the convergence of the IT and the mobile communication domains, the mobile nodes now are also been viewed as the service hosting platforms. The aim of this article is to present an optimized Mobile Web Server architecture for provisioning the Mobile Web Services (MobWS) as lengthy processes. For that reason, the asynchronous interaction strategy is derived, and later used to comprehensively discuss the server architecture, which is based on the Representational State Transfer (REST) design principles. The manuscript presents a detailed performance evaluation of the architecture and compares the results with the server based on the Simple Object Access Protocol (SOAP) standard. The results show promising performance improvements due to the reduced payload requirements of the REST server.
Optical Absorption ofY3Al5O12from 10- to 55 000-cm−1Wave Numbers (1969)

The optical absorption coefficient of synthetic single crystals of the garnet ${\mathrm{Y}}_{3}$${\mathrm{Al}}_{5}$${\mathrm{O}}_{12}$ has been measured from photon wave numbers of 10 to 55 000 ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ at 300\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K. The wave-number range 10 to 900 ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ has been studied at 4\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K. The 17 theoretically predicted absorption peaks of the ${\mathrm{Y}}_{3}$${\mathrm{Al}}_{5}$${\mathrm{O}}_{12}$ lattice at 300\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K have been found at wave numbers of 123, 163, 223, 255, 293, 332, 373, 395, 430, 457, 510, 530, 570, 690, 722, 784, and 830 ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$. The fourteenth, fifteenth, and sixteenth peaks are believed to be associated with the ${\overline{\ensuremath{\nu}}}_{3}$ vibrations of the ${\mathrm{AlO}}_{4}$ groups in the lattice. The multiphonon lattice absorption bands extend upward to 2400 ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ wave numbers. Beyond 2400 ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ the crystal is transparent, with an absorption coefficient 0.1 ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ up to $\overline{\ensuremath{\nu}}=30 000$ ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$. From 30 000 to 52 000 ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ the absorption appears to be dominated by trace impurities. The optical absorption increases rapidly for wave numbers above 52 000 ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ and reaches an absorption coefficient of ${10}^{+3}$ ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ at 54 300 ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ wave numbers (6.73 eV or 1840 \AA{}). Some comments are also made on the relationship of the lattice modes of yttrium aluminum garnet (YAG) to the phonon sidebands of electronic transitions of impurity ions in YAG.
The mechanical design of the machined image slicer integral field units for the diffraction-limited near-IR spectropolarimeter (2020)

With the recent advancement of ultra-high-precision micro-optics fabrication technologies, it is now possible to fabricate IFUs based on machined image slicers with slicer width of 30 um or less. We have developed a machined image slicer IFU (MISI) to replace the BiFOIS IFU of the DL-NIRSP Instrument, one of the first light instrument for the DKIST Telescope. Overall, the IFU contains a total of 336 micro mirrors and a common collimator. The large number of micro optical elements of MISI present a great challenge to the optical and mechanical design process of the IFU. Typical design method that model and position each optical element manually would result in a tedious and lengthy mechanical design process. This paper describes the CAD design process of MISI using Solidworks macros that were developed to automatically generate all the optical surfaces based on the ZEMAX model data output and also simulating the tool shape and path to generate a precise model of the IFU.
Particle Scale Insights into a KG-Pharma RoTab Tablet Press Feed-Frame System Using the Discrete Element Method (DEM) Modeling (2023)

In the pharmaceutical industry, tablets are a common dosage form. As part of the manufacturing process, powder in a tablet press passes through a feeding system called the feed-frame before reaching the die cavity. Under different manufacturing conditions (e.g., paddle speed, turret speed), issues such as segregation of powder blend components, over lubrication, and drug particle attrition often occur in the tablet press feed-frame, which affect the final drug product quality. Therefore, developing a particle-scale understanding of powder behavior in a feed-frame is essential. This paper used the discrete element method (DEM) to study powder flow in the feed-frame of a kg-pharma RoTab tablet press. Simulation results show that an increase in paddle speed has less effect on tablet mass than turret speed and that an increase in turret speed reduces tablet mass and increases variability in the tablet mass. The effect of paddle speed and turret speed on the API content in the tablet is small, but large paddle speeds exacerbate the segregation of powder blend components in the feed frame, increase particle traveled distance, particle shear work, and torque on the paddle wheel, thereby increasing particle over lubrication and attrition. However, the increase in paddle speed reduces the mean residence time of drug particles and prevents over lubrication at low turret speeds. Increasing the turret speed reduces tablet mass, particle shear work, paddle torque, and mean residence time. Although increasing turret speed can effectively prevent particle attrition and over lubrication, short residence times are not conducive to mixing excipients and API components, leading to higher tablet mass variability. This study not only gives us a particle-level insight into the process but can also be used to inform and optimize the design of experimental studies.
PWE-096 Epigenetic dna methylation modifications following chronic iron exposure to colonocytes in vitro (2017)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Iron is an essential nutrient. However, in animal models, excess unabsorbed dietary iron which can reside within the colon for hours to days, has been shown to exacerbate inflammatory bowel disease and intestinal cancer. However, to date it remains unclear whether these detrimental effects are mediated though epigenetic modifications. Thus, the aim of this study was to chronically expose colonocytes to iron and determine the impact on genome-wide methylation. <h3>Method</h3> Caco-2 cells were co-cultured in the presence or absence of iron (10 mM), with or without a dietary iron chelator (Manucol LD, 0.1% (w/v)) for 30 days. After this time period, DNA was harvested and methylation signatures were examined using Illumina Infinium Methylation450K BeadChip analysing 4 85 512 methylation sites. Intensity IDAT files were processed using ChAMP, which was used for the pre-processing and normalisation with SWAN. Probes found with an adjusted p-value of &gt;0.01 were classified as significant differentially methylated probes (DMPs). Protein expression changes were examined by Western blotting. <h3>Results</h3> The most significant methylation changes were observed between iron treated cells and control untreated cells (total of 60.04% DMPs with p<sub>adj</sub> &gt;0.01); all DMPs were found to by hypomethylated. Pathway specific genes that were hypomethylated included PI3K/AKT (18 genes), MAPK (16 genes), and RAP1/RAS (28 genes). Within the MAPK pathway, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) was found to be 23.5% hypomethylated in the iron treated group compared to control cells (β=10.27); this increase was translated in the protein expression of EGFR. Relatively fewer changes were observed between iron and iron with Manucol LD treatment groups (total of 6.65% DMPs with P<sub>adj</sub> &gt;0.01). No changes in methylation were observed between alginate treatments compared to control non-treated cells (0% DMPs with P<sub>adj</sub> &gt;0.01). <h3>Conclusion</h3> These studies suggest that chronic exposure of colonocytes to iron results in marked hypomethylation and this may be a contributory factor in iron mediated intestinal disease. Manucol LD had no impact on DNA methylation throughout the treatment. The contribution of the methylation changes to cell phenotype is currently being examined. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None Declared
Defining Fragrance Allergy in the Contact Allergen Management Program (2020)

Overview | The leading peer-reviewed scientific journal in contact dermatitis, and the only journal in its field that publishes leading research in atopic, contact, occupational, environmental, and drug dermatitis.
Changes in quality of life after discharge from hospital in the elderly patients with acute worse of chronic heart failure (2005)

1) chronic
Azimuthal and zenithal anchoring of nematic liquid crystals (2003)

Temperature dependence of azimuthal and zenithal anchoring energy coefficients of the nematic liquid crystal 4-n-pentyl-4(')-cyanobiphenyl on rubbed nylon is measured using dynamic light scattering. The method is based on observations of director fluctuations in a planarly aligned wedge cell, where the anchoring energy coefficients can be obtained without any external torques acting on the liquid crystal during the measurement. We found that both anchoring coefficients decrease steadily on approaching the nematic-isotropic transition. Moreover, in the whole temperature range of the nematic phase, the ratio between the zenithal and the azimuthal anchoring coefficients is almost equal to the ratio between the splay and the twist Frank elastic constants. The same result is obtained also for the nematic phase of 4-n-octyl-4(')-cyanobiphenyl. This indicates that the aligning nylon layer directly affects only the monomolecular layer at the surface whereas the observed anchoring is governed by the elastic properties of the alkyl-cyanobiphenyl.
Reaction chemistry of BMOV, bis(maltolato)oxovanadium(IV), a potent insulin mimetic agent (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTReaction chemistry of BMOV, bis(maltolato)oxovanadium(IV), a potent insulin mimetic agentChris Orvig, P. Caravan, Lucio Gelmini, Nicholas Glover, F. Goeffrey Herring, Huali Li, John H. McNeill, Steven J. Rettig, Ika A. Setyawati, and Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1995, 117, 51, 12759–12770Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00156a013https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00156a013research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1352Altmetric-Citations75LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (2)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Impact of comorbidities on the average length of stay and mortality of COVID-19 patients in a hospital: In India (2023)

Objective To estimate the length of stay and proportional mortality in COVID patients in a COVID-dedicated hospital.Methods A retrospective record review was done using medical records of COVID-19 in-patients, capturing the demographic, clinical, and laboratory details of admitted COVID patients, including serial samples for RTPCR/CBNAAT for Coronavirus. These details from electronic medical records were compared and collated for patients of different comorbidities to arrive at the average length of stay and case fatality rate and time duration for patients to turn COVID-negative.Results Patients with Diabetes Mellitus (DM) had the highest Average Length of Stay (ALS) of 12.09 days in the hospital followed by patients with Hypertension (11.5 days). Patients without any comorbidities had ALS of 8.8 days. A combination of HTN, DM, coronary artery disease (CAD), and chronic kidney disease (CKD) had the highest ALS of 14.5 days. The average duration for patients to test negative is 16 days for patients without any comorbidities. The average duration between the first symptom and the negative test is the longest for DM (21 days) followed by HTN (19.5 days), cancer (19 days), and obesity (16 days). Among the 731 people who died in the observed time, the proportional mortality rate was highest with HTN (10.80%) followed by carcinoma (7.66%) and DM (6.56%), 32.55% had a combination of two or more comorbidities. 33.70% deceased didn’t have any comorbidities.Conclusion The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the importance of preparing for future outbreaks and sudden increases in cases. Based on our findings, we recommend Hospital administrators have a comprehensive approach to planning for the future, considering all relevant factors, including the epidemiology of the disease, the average length of stay, and mortality rates, to ensure that their hospitals are equipped to provide high-quality care to all patients.
Detection of HTLV‐I Genome in Seronegative Infants Born to HTLV‐I Seropositive Mothers by Polymerase Chain Reaction (1989)

We applied the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method to detect gag, env and pX sequences of human T cell leukemia virus type I (HTLV-I) provirus in peripheral blood lymphocytes of seronegative infants born to HTLV-I seropositive mothers. Out of 22, five subjects were found to contain the HTLV-I provirus genome. Two of the five cases were judged to be negative for not only anti-HTLV-I antibodies but also the viral antigens on cultivated lymphocytes by the conventional antibody/antigen detection methods. These results indicate that PCR is of great use as a simple and highly sensitive method detect HTLV-I infection.
Myasthenia gravis accompanied by alopecia areata: clinical and immunogenetic aspects (2005)

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical characteristics of patients who had both myasthenia gravis (MG) and alopecia areata (AA). Clinical information was retrospectively collected for 159 Japanese patients with MG. Human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-DQB1 and DRB1 alleles were determined by genotyping. Of 159 MG patients, six (3.7%) developed AA after the onset of MG and thymectomy. The prevalence of AA in MG patients was higher than that reported in Caucasians. The frequencies of bulbar involvement, myasthenic crisis, and thymoma were significantly higher in MG patients with AA than in those without (P = 0.007, 0.004, and 0.006, respectively). All but one patient with AA had advanced stage thymoma. Three patients with a severe form of AA (alopecia totalis) had additional autoimmune diseases: myocarditis, myositis, and pure red cell aplasia. DRB1*0901 and DQB1*0303 tended to be more frequently detected in the six MG patients with AA than in the 82 patients without it. In conclusion, a subset of MG patients who have severe neuromuscular symptoms and thymoma develop AA several years after thymectomy.
co-BPM: a Bayesian Model for Divergence Estimation (2014)

Divergence is not only an important mathematical concept in information theory, but also applied to machine learning problems such as low-dimensional embedding, manifold learning, clustering, classification, and anomaly detection. We proposed a bayesian model---co-BPM---to characterize the discrepancy of two sample sets, i.e., to estimate the divergence of their underlying distributions. In order to avoid the pitfalls of plug-in methods that estimate each density independently, our bayesian model attempts to learn a coupled binary partition of the sample space that best captures the landscapes of both distributions, then make direct inference on their divergences. The prior is constructed by leveraging the sequential buildup of the coupled binary partitions and the posterior is sampled via our specialized MCMC. Our model provides a unified way to estimate various types of divergences and enjoys convincing accuracy. We demonstrate its effectiveness through simulations, comparisons with the \emph{state-of-the-art} and a real data example.
Direct observation of keyhole behaviour during pulse modulated high-power Nd:YAG laser irradiation (2000)

When a high-power laser beam is irradiated on the surface of material, it is well known that a cavity, called a keyhole, is generated in the molten material. To examine the effect of laser beam pulse shape on the keyhole behaviour, we observed it directly with an in situmicrofocused x-ray transmission imaging system. As a result, it was found that the keyhole began to be generated after about 0.6-0.7 ms and became deepest after about 1.5 ms from the laser irradiation initiation and collapsed about 1 ms after laser power declination when a pulse modulated laser beam of 1.1 ms rise time and 4.6 kW peak power was used. It was also understood that the generation and the collapse of the keyhole was repeated, synchronizing with laser beam irradiation of 100 Hz. The transition of the keyhole depth and the cross sectional area had good agreement with the transition of the irradiated beam shape. Moreover, it was observed that the porosity was frequently generated at the beam shape in which the laser power was decreased rapidly from a high peak power.
The Stripping Technique: In vitro Absorption and Penetration of Five UV Filters on Excised Fresh Human Skin (2000)

This article gives the results of a study whose aim was to compare the compartmental distribution and absorption of 5 UV filters, in vitro, by fresh human skin, after exposure times of 30 min and 16 h. These UV filters from BASF (octyl methoxycinnamate, benzophenone 4, benzophenone 3, octyl triazone and octocrylene) were incorporated separately in a simple oil-in-water emulsion. The composition of the emulsions was designed in order to obtain a sun protection factor of 5. Therefore the UV filters were introduced into the emulsions at different concentrations. We show that the affinity for each skin level [stratum corneum (SC), viable epidermis, dermis and receptor fluid] is different according to the test substance used. Some substances accumulated in the SC, whereas others passed through the skin very quickly and were quantified in the receptor fluid. The stripping technique allowed us to see that more than 94% of the chemical compound in the SC was in the first eight tapes. The problem of individual values below the limit of detection was raised, a correlation between the two exposure times was found (y = 1.702x - 0.105; R = 0.94) and a classification of products according to their affinity for the SC was determined.