gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
<title>Infrared Transmitting Germanate Glasses</title> (1982)

The infrared cut-off of glasses is primarily determined by the frequency of vibration of the cation-anion bonds. In order to extend infrared transmittance to longer wavelengths cations and anions of larger sizes and lower field strengths should be used; however, physical and chemical properties become poorer. For silicate glasses, this cut-off is about 5 pm. If germanium is used as the glass network former instead of silicon, the cut-oft moves out to about 6 &mu;m. Of all types of glasses, the germanates provide the optimum combination of transmission, physical, and chemical properties. While the size of glass form-ing areas for germanates is smaller than that for silicates, properties can be varied some-what to fit a particular application. Lxpansion coefficients (25°-300°C) can vary from about 50 x 10-11°C to over 100 x 1011°C with mechanical hardness, Young&apos;s modulus, and chemical durability generally decreasing with increasing expansion. While the cut-off is due to the germanium-oxygen bond vibration, the shape of the transmission curve approaching zero transmission from about 4.5 pm to 6 pm can be significantly affected by the quantity and type and modifying oxides. An optimum glass with respect to infrared transmission, low thermal expansion, meltability, formability, and cost was selected and designated Code 9/54. Originally, this glass was melted in crucibles and pressed into domes of rather poor quality. However, more zecently a process has been devised to melt Code 9754 glass in an optical tank and then press into various shapes with standard first grade optical quality (i.e., glass contains no visible striae), a total bubble cross section of 5-0.10 mm<sup>2</sup> per 100 cm3, and no cracks or checks. The glass has a thermal expansion (25°C-300°C) of 63.6 x 10-7PC, a Young&apos;s modulus of 8.58 x 10<sup>3</sup> kg/mm<sup>2</sup>, and a refractive index (<sup>N</sup>D) of 1.660. The minimum uncoated transmission of a 1.35 mm thick sample is 73% at 5 &mu;m and 35% from 4.2 &mu;m down through the visible.
The use of substituted alkynyl phenoxy derivatives of piperonyl butoxide to control insecticide‐resistant pests (2016)

These 'second-generation' synergists could overcome metabolic resistance in many pest species and possibly enable reduced rates of insecticide application in some cases. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry.
Neuroendocrine and autonomic stress systems activity in young adults raised by mothers with mental health and substance abuse problems: A prospective cohort study (2021)

Among the well-known physiological consequences of early adverse environments is dysregulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. A number of studies demonstrate that negative parenting and living with parents with a history of substance abuse and mental health problems may be associated with HPA axis dysregulation in children. In contrast, studies of more delayed effects in adult offspring, especially prospective, are still scarce. This study was a prospective longitudinal investigation of the association between maternal mental illnesses/substance abuse and maternal negative parenting/parental stress on one side and, on the other side, adult offspring outcomes 10 years later-specifically, we studied the activity of offspring's neuroendocrine (cortisol) and autonomic (heart rate) systems when exposed to a mild psychological stressor. Children of mothers with mental illnesses and/or substance abuse were exposed to more disadvantaged conditions (higher negative parenting and community violence). Despite this, maternal risk groups (having a mother with mental illnesses and/or substance abuse) were not associated with any of the indicators of stress systems activity. Regardless of the risk group, participants with dysregulated HPA axis activity experienced a higher level of negative parenting. Altogether, our study provides evidence that negative parenting may have long-lasting effects on stress-sensitive physiological mechanisms.
Retinal tear formation after whole-body vibration training exercise (2020)

With the rise in popularity of whole-body vibration training exercise, it is important for the medical and athletic community to be aware of possible associated ocular complications. We believe that high-force vibration training may cause retinal tears in susceptible persons.
Note on inertia properties of filtrations on group graded rings and modules (1992)

The idea of a control subgroup or inertia group for objects over group graded rings is applied to filtratons of the objects defined over the graded ring. we stidy the interplay between properties of a foltered nature and induction from subgroups of the grading groups.
Mice Knocked Out for the Primary Brain Calcification–Associated Gene Slc20a2 Show Unimpaired Prenatal Survival but Retarded Growth and Nodules in the Brain that Grow and Calcify Over Time (2018)

Brain calcification of especially the basal ganglia characterizes primary familial brain calcification (PFBC). PFBC is a rare neurodegenerative disorder with neuropsychiatric and motor symptoms, and only symptomatic treatment is available. Four PFBC-associated genes are known; approximately 40% of patients carry mutations in the gene SLC20A2, which encodes the type III sodium-dependent inorganic phosphate transporter PiT2. To investigate the role of PiT2 in PFBC development, we studied Slc20a2-knockout (KO) mice using histology, microcomputed tomography, electron microscopy, and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. Slc20a2-KO mice showed histologically detectable nodules in the brain already at 8 weeks of age, which contained organic material and were weakly calcified. In 15-week-old mice, the nodules were increased in size and number and were markedly more calcified. The major minerals in overt calcifications were Ca and P, but Fe, Zn, and Al were also generally present. Electron microscopy suggested that the calcifications initiate intracellularly, mainly in pericytes and astrocytes. As the calcification grew, they incorporated organic material. Furthermore, endogenous IgG was detected around nodules, suggesting local increased blood-brain barrier permeabilities. Nodules were found in all 8-week-old Slc20a2-KO mice, but no prenatal or marked postnatal lethality was observed. Thus, besides allowing for the study of PFBC development, the Slc20a2-KO mouse is a potential solid preclinical model for evaluation of PFBC treatments.
Apparatus for Harvesting Tissue Microcolumns (2018)

This manuscript describes the production process for a laboratory apparatus, made from off-the-shelf components, that can be used to collect microcolumns of full-thickness skin tissue. The small size of the microcolumns allows donor sites to heal quickly without causing donor site scarring, while harvesting full-thickness tissue enables the incorporation of all cellular and extracellular components of skin tissue, including those associated with deeper dermal regions and the adnexal skin structures, which have yet to be successfully reproduced using conventional tissue engineering techniques. The microcolumns can be applied directly into skin wounds to augment healing, or they can be used as the autologous cell/tissue source for other tissue engineering approaches. The harvesting needles are made by modifying standard hypodermic needles, and they can be used alone for harvesting small amounts of tissue or coupled with a simple suction-based collection system (also made from commonly available laboratory supplies) for high-volume harvesting to facilitate studies in large animal models.
Crystal Engineering with Cocrystals of Benzo-[18]Crown-6 and Urea and Thiourea Derivatives (2009)

Cocrystallization experiments were carried out to study the efficacy of Benzo-[18]crown-6 (B18C6) as a cocrystallizing agent (CA). Traditional solution cocrystallization, high-throughput cocrystallization, dry grinding and solvent-drop grinding cocrystallization have led to the discovery of five new cocrystals of B18C6 with urea, thiourea, and their derivatives. The cocrystals have been characterized by a variety of methods, including X-ray diffraction, vibrational spectroscopy (infrared), and optical microscopy (HSM). We have also examined the structures in order to determine the viability and the reproducibility of the R21(6) motif between the donor hydrogen and the ether group of B18C6.
Vertucci Type VII Canal Configuration In Maxillary Second Premolar - A Rare Case Report (2012)

Abstract Anatomical variations must be considered in clinical practice and proper radiographic evaluation must be done during endodontic treatment. Access cavity modifications may be required for proper assessment of complex root canal anatomy. Higher magnification and illumination can be useful to recognize and locate additjonal canals. This article describes the diagnosis and clinical management of a rare case with type VII root canal anatomy in maxillary second premolar.
Synthesis of Optically Pure 1,2‐Diaryl‐ and 1,2‐Alkylaryl‐1,2‐amino Sulfides. (2005)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Über die Darstellung von Verbindungen des Typs Cl3VNR (1970)

Abstract Durch Umsetzung von VOCl 3 mit silylsubstituierten Aminen gelingt die Substitution des Vanadylsauerstoffs, und man erhält Verbindungen des Typs Cl 3 V = NR. Auf diese Weise gelang es erstmals, die Verbindung Cl 3 V = NCH 3 (I) rein darzustellen. Die Existenz der Verbindung (Cl 3 VNC 6 H 5 ) x (II) wird durch direkte Synthese aus Cl 3 VO und ((CH 3 ) 3 Si) 2 NC 6 H 5 sowie durch die Zersetzung der neuen Additionsverbindungen Cl 3 VO · 2 OCNC 6 H 5 (III) und Cl 3 VO · 2 OSNC 6 H 5 (IV) wahrscheinlich gemacht.
Improved Outcomes of Laparoscopic Liver Resection for Hepatocellular Carcinoma Located in Posterosuperior Segments of the Liver (2021)

The complexity of LLR for HCC in PS segments is being gradually overcome by the introduction of advanced techniques.
ChemInform Abstract: CARBOLINES. IX. SYNTHESIS OF 1‐METHYL‐2‐CHLORO‐4‐ARYL‐α‐ISOCARBOLINES (1979)

Abstract Durch Überführung der Säuren (I) in die N‐Methyl‐amide (II) und deren Cyclisierung werden die Titelverbindungen (III) dargestellt.
Light‐Triggered Bioactivity in Three Dimensions (2009)

Photocleavage of a 2-nitrobenzyl group in a bioactive peptide amphiphile containing the Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) epitope triggers a sol-to-gel transition as nanospheres are converted to nanofibers (see picture). This morphological change enhances the bioactivity of the nanostructures surrounding cells in three dimensions.
Magnetically Induced Fog Harvesting via Flexible Conical Arrays (2015)

Water is the driving force of all nature. Securing freshwater has been one of the most important issues throughout human history, and will be important in the future, especially in the next decade. Fog is ubiquitous in nature and is therefore considered as an alternative and sustainable freshwater resource. Nature has long served as a source of inspiration to develop new fog‐harvesting technologies. However, the collection of freshwater from static fog is still a challenge for the existing bio‐inspired fog‐harvesting systems. Herein, magnetically induced fog harvesting under windless conditions through the integration of cactus‐inspired spine structures and magnetically responsive flexible conical arrays is reported. Under an external magnetic field, static fog can be spontaneously and continuously captured and transported from the tip to the base of the spine due to the Laplace pressure difference. This work demonstrates the advantage of collecting fog water, especially in windless regions, which provides a new avenue for fog harvesting and can serve as a source of inspiration to further optimizations of existing fog‐water‐harvesting strategies.
Tetrachromatic Hybrid White Light-Emitting Diodes and the Energy Transfer Between Conjugated Polymers and CdSe/ZnS Quantum Dots (2009)

We demonstrate the fabrication and characterization of high efficacy tetrachromatic white light-emitting diodes based on polymer and colloidal quantum dots (QDs). With a certain amount of yellowish green-emitting 2,3-dibutoxy-1,4-poly(phenylene vinylene) (DBPPV) and red-emitting CdSe/ZnS QD composite attached to an InGaN blue chip, stable and pure white light with CIE-1931 chromaticity coordinates of (0.325, 0.342), a correlated color temperature of 5800 K, and a color rendering index of 75 can be obtained. The luminous flux and efficacy of the device operated at 20 mA are 0.55 lm and 330 lm/W, respectively. In this device configuration, the emission of QDs is due not only to the radiative energy transfer from InGaN QWs and DBPPV but also to the Förster energy transfer of excitons in adjacent DBPPV chains. Based on a theoretical calculation, a high efficiency up to 32% is possible.
In vitro activity of minimised hammerhead ribozymes (1995)

A number of minimised hammerhead ribozymes (minizymes) which lack stem II have been kinetically characterised. These minizymes display optimal cleavage activity at temperatures around 37 degrees C. The cleavage reactions of the minizymes are first order in hydroxide ion concentration up to around pH 9.3 above which the cleavage rate constants decline rapidly. The reactions show a biphasic dependence on magnesium-ion concentration; one of the interactions has an apparent dissociation constant of around 20 mM while the other appears to be very weak, showing no sign of saturation at 200 mM MgCl2. The minizymes are significantly less active than comparable, full-size ribozymes when cleaving short substrates. However, at a particular site in a transcribed TAT gene from HIV-1, minizymes are more effective than ribozymes.
Chemotherapy Delivered After Viral Immunogene Therapy Augments Antitumor Efficacy Via Multiple Immune-mediated Mechanisms (2010)

The most widely used approach to cancer immunotherapy is vaccines. Unfortunately, the need for multiple administrations of antigens often limits the use of one of the most effective vaccine approaches, immunogene therapy using viral vectors, because neutralizing antibodies are rapidly produced. We hypothesized that after viral immunogene therapy "primed" an initial strong antitumor immune response, subsequent "boosts" could be provided by sequential courses of chemotherapy. Three adenoviral (Ad)-based immunogene therapy regimens were administered to animals with large malignant mesothelioma and lung cancer tumors followed by three weekly administrations of a drug regimen commonly used to treat these tumors (Cisplatin/Gemcitabine). Immunogene therapy followed by chemotherapy resulted in markedly increased antitumor efficacy associated with increased numbers of antigen-specific, activated CD8(+) T-cells systemically and within the tumors. Possible mechanisms included: (i) decreases in immunosuppressive cells such as myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC), T-regulatory cells (T-regs), and B-cells, (ii) stimulation of memory cells by intratumoral antigen release leading to efficient cross-priming, (iii) alteration of the tumor microenvironment with production of "danger signals" and immunostimulatory cytokines, and (iv) augmented trafficking of T-cells into the tumors. This approach is currently being tested in a clinical trial and could be applied to other trials of viral immunogene therapy.
Asymmetric Total Synthesis of (+)-Codeine via Intramolecular Carbenoid Insertion (1999)

A strategy was devised for the synthesis of codeine that employed intramolecular insertion of a carbenoid into a benzylic methine CH bond for creation of the C13 quaternary center and construction of the pentacyclic skeleton of the alkaloid. The synthesis began from isovanillin, and asymmetry was introduced through catalytic hydrogenation of its Stobbe condensation product 7 over a chiral catalyst (8). The product (S)-9 was advanced to tetralone 12, which underwent Robinson annulation to give the phenanthrenone 33. The latter was brominated and treated with base to afford the fused benzofuran 35. Reduction with hydride followed by catalytic hydrogenation produced the tetracycle 44, which was converted to diazoketone 48. The latter was reacted in the presence of catalytic Rh2(OAc)4 to furnish the pentacyclic product 49. Beckmann rearrangement of the derived oxime brosylate 59 gave lactam 57, and the synthesis of (+)-1 (the nonnatural enantiomer of codeine) was completed after oxidation to 63, introduction of Δ7,8 unsaturation, and exhaustive reduction.
Detection of Incorporation of p-Coumaric Acid into Photoactive Yellow Protein Variants in Vivo (2019)

We report the design and characterization of photoactive yellow protein (PYP)-blue fluorescent protein (mTagBFP) fusion constructs that permit the direct assay of reconstitution and function of the PYP domain. These constructs allow for in vivo testing of co-expression systems for enzymatic production of the p-coumaric acid-based PYP chromophore, via the action of tyrosine ammonia lyase and p-coumaroyl-CoA ligase (pCL or 4CL). We find that different 4CL enzymes can function to reconstitute PYP, including 4CL from Arabidopsis thaliana that can produce ∼100% holo-PYP protein under optimal conditions. mTagBFP fusion constructs additionally enable rapid analysis of effects of mutations on PYP photocycles. We use this mTagBFP fusion strategy to demonstrate in vivo reconstitution of several PYP-based optogenetic tools in Escherichia coli via a biosynthesized chromophore, an important step for the use of these optogenetic tools in vivo in diverse hosts.
A Study of the Acid and Base Hydrolysis of Bridged Ketones Derived from Diels-Alder Adducts of 1,2,3,4-Tetrachloro-5,5-dimethoxycyclopentadiene (1961)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA Study of the Acid and Base Hydrolysis of Bridged Ketones Derived from Diels-Alder Adducts of 1,2,3,4-Tetrachloro-5,5-dimethoxycyclopentadienePAUL E. HOCHCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1961, 26, 6, 2066–2072Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1961Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1961https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01065a094https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01065a094research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views163Altmetric-Citations13LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Assessment of Human Pancreatic Islet Architecture and Composition by Laser Scanning Confocal Microscopy (2005)

The recent success of pancreatic islet transplantation has generated considerable enthusiasm. To better understand the quality and characteristics of human islets used for transplantation, we performed detailed analysis of islet architecture and composition using confocal laser scanning microscopy. Human islets from six separate isolations provided by three different islet isolation centers were compared with isolated mouse and non-human primate islets. As expected from histological sections of murine pancreas, in isolated murine islets alpha and delta cells resided at the periphery of the beta-cell core. However, human islets were markedly different in that alpha, beta, and delta cells were dispersed throughout the islet. This pattern of cell distribution was present in all human islet preparations and islets of various sizes and was also seen in histological sections of human pancreas. The architecture of isolated non-human primate islets was very similar to that of human islets. Using an image analysis program, we calculated the volume of alpha, beta, and delta cells. In contrast to murine islets, we found that populations of islet cell types varied considerably in human islets. The results indicate that human islets not only are quite heterogeneous in terms of cell composition but also have a substantially different architecture from widely studied murine islets.
Ag Nanowire Reinforced Highly Stretchable Conductive Fibers for Wearable Electronics (2015)

Stretchable conductive fibers have received significant attention due to their possibility of being utilized in wearable and foldable electronics. Here, highly stretchable conductive fiber composed of silver nanowires (AgNWs) and silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) embedded in a styrene–butadiene–styrene (SBS) elastomeric matrix is fabricated. An AgNW‐embedded SBS fiber is fabricated by a simple wet spinning method. Then, the AgNPs are formed on both the surface and inner region of the AgNW‐embedded fiber via repeated cycles of silver precursor absorption and reduction processes. The AgNW‐embedded conductive fiber exhibits superior initial electrical conductivity ( σ 0 = 2450 S cm −1 ) and elongation at break (900% strain) due to the high weight percentage of the conductive fillers and the use of a highly stretchable SBS elastomer matrix. During the stretching, the embedded AgNWs act as conducting bridges between AgNPs, resulting in the preservation of electrical conductivity under high strain (the rate of conductivity degradation, σ / σ 0 = 4.4% at 100% strain). The AgNW‐embedded conductive fibers show the strain‐sensing behavior with a broad range of applied tensile strain. The AgNW reinforced highly stretchable conductive fibers can be embedded into a smart glove for detecting sign language by integrating five composite fibers in the glove, which can successfully perceive human motions.
INTRAOPERATIVE SARCOMERE LENGTH CHANGES REVEAL DIFFERENTIAL DESIGN OF HUMAN WRIST MUSCLES 723 (1996)

In spite of the wealth of information available regarding isolated muscle fiber and sarcomere properties, much less is known about sarcomere length (SL) changes during normal movement. SL changes during joint rotation will result in altered muscle force. Since muscles change lengths to varying extents during joint rotation (due to their different moment arms), it is not clear whether muscle properties have adapted to compensate for such differences or whether various muscles are actually designed to change SL differing amounts. The purpose of this study was to directly measure SL change in two synergistic wrist extensor muscles-extensor carpi radialis brevis (ECRB) and extensor carpi radialis longus (ECRL). SL was measured using laser diffraction with the wrist in extended and neutral positions in patients undergoing upper extremity surgery (n=7). SL change per joint angle rotation was calculated for each subject. This value was over twice as great (p<0.05) for ECRB(9.1±1.1 nm/°). compared to ECRL (4.7±1.2 nm/°). The average ratio of the two slopes (2.45±0.6) was almost exactly that predicted based on ECRB and ECRL fiber length (48 mm and 76 mm respectively) and moment arm (15.9 and 10.5 mm respectively). These data demonstrate a differential design of the two musculoskeletal complexes with the ECRB designed to generate relatively high forces over a small angular range while the ECRL generates a lower force over a larger range of wrist angles. This anatomical arrangement may function physiologically similar to different gears of a transmission.