gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The MOPED framework: Object recognition and pose estimation for manipulation (2011)

We present MOPED, a framework for Multiple Object Pose Estimation and Detection that seamlessly integrates single-image and multi-image object recognition and pose estimation in one optimized, robust, and scalable framework. We address two main challenges in computer vision for robotics: robust performance in complex scenes, and low latency for real-time operation. We achieve robust performance with Iterative Clustering Estimation (ICE), a novel algorithm that iteratively combines feature clustering with robust pose estimation. Feature clustering quickly partitions the scene and produces object hypotheses. The hypotheses are used to further refine the feature clusters, and the two steps iterate until convergence. ICE is easy to parallelize, and easily integrates single- and multi-camera object recognition and pose estimation. We also introduce a novel object hypothesis scoring function based on M-estimator theory, and a novel pose clustering algorithm that robustly handles recognition outliers. We achieve scalability and low latency with an improved feature matching algorithm for large databases, a GPU/CPU hybrid architecture that exploits parallelism at all levels, and an optimized resource scheduler. We provide extensive experimental results demonstrating state-of-the-art performance in terms of recognition, scalability, and latency in real-world robotic applications.
The NIH shift during the hydroxylation of aromatic substrates by fungi (1971)

The migration and retention of deuterium which occurs during aromatic hydroxylation of several substrates (NIH Shift) with a range of fungi is compared to the migration and retention obtained with liver microsomes and a chemical model system; enzymatic mechanisms are discussed in terms of arene oxide intermediates.
Frequency dependence of magnetic ac loss in a Roebel cable made of YBCO on a Ni–W substrate (2010)

We have investigated the frequency dependent contributions to the magnetic ac loss in a 10 strand Roebel cable with 2 mm wide non-insulated strands and a transposition length of 90 mm. This cable is made from 40 mm wide YBCO coated conductor tape manufactured by AMSC and stabilized by electroplating 25 µm thick copper on either side prior to the mechanical punching of the cable strands. The measurements were carried out in both perpendicular and parallel field orientation, at frequencies in the range of 30–200 Hz. While the loss in the perpendicular orientation is predominantly hysteretic in nature, we observe some frequency dependence of the loss when the cable approaches full flux penetration at high field amplitudes. The magnitude is consistent with eddy current losses in the copper stabilization layer. This supports the fact that the inter-strand coupling loss is not significant in this frequency range. In the parallel field orientation, the hysteresis loss in the Ni–W alloy substrate dominates, but we see an unusually strong frequency dependent contribution to the loss which we attribute to intra-strand current loops.
Synthesis of Bis‐(2‐thiazolyl)amine Analogues and Evaluation of Their Antibacterial, Antioxidant and Cytotoxic Activities (2019)

Abstract An effective and economical preparation of bis ‐(2‐thiazolyl)amine analogues was achieved by the reaction of 3‐(5‐arylazothiazol‐2‐yl)thioureas with various halogenated carbonyl reagents (namely; chloroacetic acid, diethyl bromomalonate, chloroacetone and phenacyl bromide). The physical and spectral analyses were performed to demonstrate the correct configurations of all incorporated analogues. It is clear that most of synthesized bis ‐(2‐thiazolyl)amine derivatives revealed good biological efficacy, including anticancer, antibacterial and antioxidant. The synthesized bis ‐(2‐thiazolyl)amine derivatives were investigated as cytotoxic agents against four different cell lines, in which the results revealed potent efficacies of the synthesized derivatives relative to the results of antibiotic standards. In addition, the antioxidant efficacy of all analogues was determined using ABTS •+ “2,2′‐azino‐bis(3‐ethylbenzothiazoline‐6‐sulphonic acid” method.
Geographic and breed distribution of an Msp I PCR‐RFLP in the bovine growth hormone (bGH) gene (2000)

Information is presented on the frequency of the Msp I (-) allele in the third intron of the bovine growth hormone gene in a large number of cattle breeds. Consideration of the breed frequencies in relation to their geographic origin shows a low frequency for breeds originating in Northern Europe, moderate frequencies for breeds originating in Eastern Europe or the countries surrounding the Mediterranean basin, and very high frequencies for breeds originating in the Indian subcontinent. Consideration of breed frequencies in relation to breed type, shows low to moderate frequencies for the humpless breeds, high frequencies for the humped breeds. Various explanations for this distribution are discussed, among them the possibility that the Msp I (-) allele originated in the Bos indicus breeds of the Indian subcontinent, from which it diffused through the humpless Bos taurus breeds of Eastern Europe, the Mediterranean basin, eventually reaching Western, Northern Europe, Western Africa in low frequencies.
Bioventing vs. prepared beds for remediation of petroleum contaminated soil (1996)

Bioventing is an in situ biostimulation technique that has become extremely popular recently for remediation of near-surface sediment (soil) contaminated with petroleum products. Prepared Bed bioremediation of petroleum contaminated soil involves the use of a centralized controlled above ground facility that uses contained land-farming techniques. Several sites at the U.S. DOE Savannah River Site have been evaluated and remediated using these two technologies. The characterization cost, capital costs, safety, implementation time, remediation rate, monitoring requirements, final disposition requirements, regulatory requirements, and public acceptance make these techniques better then any other conventional technology, e.g. incineration, and make it difficult to decide which of the two is the best alternative. New rapid site characterization and treatability techniques e.g. laser induced fluorescence and microrespirometry, have allowed better decisions as to which of these two technologies is the most appropriate for a given site.
Site-directed mutagenesis of Petunia hybrida 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase: Lys-23 is essential for substrate binding. (1988)

Chemical modification of Escherichia coli 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase, a target for the nonselective herbicide glyphosate (N-phosphonomethylglycine), with pyridoxal 5'-phosphate suggested that Lys-22 (equivalent to Lys-23 of the Petunia hybrida enzyme) is a potential active site residue (Huynh, Q. K., Kishore, G. M., and Bild, G. S. (1988) J. Biol. Chem. 263, 735-739). To investigate the possible role of this residue in the reaction mechanism, we have used site-directed mutagenesis to replace Lys-23 of the P. hybrida enzyme with 3 other amino acid residues: Ala, Glu, and Arg. Analysis of these mutant enzymes indicates that of these only the Lys-23 to Arg mutant enzyme is active; the other two replacements (Ala and Glu) result in inactivation of the enzyme. Two of the mutant enzymes (Lys-23 to Arg and Ala) were purified to homogeneity and characterized. The purified Lys-23 to Arg mutant enzyme is less sensitive than the wild type enzyme to pyridoxal 5'-phosphate. It showed identical Km values for substrates and a 5-fold higher I50 value for glyphosate in comparison with those from the wild type enzyme. Binding studies using fluorescence measurements revealed that the substrate shikimate 3-phosphate and glyphosate were able to bind the purified Lys-23 to Arg mutant enzyme but not to the purified catalytically inactive Lys-23 to Ala mutant enzyme. The above results suggest that the cationic group at position 23 of the enzyme may play an important role in substrate binding.
Catalytic Pyrolysis of Biomass for Transportation Fuels (2015)

Improving the quality of bio-oil using heterogeneous catalysis has received extreme attention from several research groups. The challenges in developing this technology involve the processing of lig-nocellulosic materials and the development/optimization of advanced porous materials as efficient monofunctional and bifunctional catalysts for the production of transportation fuels from biomass. This chapter discusses the recent developments on catalysts and processes. It presents reviews on catalysts for biomass catalytic pyrolysis and catalytic biomass pyrolysis processes. Research challenges on biomass catalytic pyrolysis remain focused on the understanding of the mechanism of the catalytic conversion of lignocellulosic biomass into bio-oil, including structure-property relationships and product distribution, process conditions, and large-scale production and also novel catalysts development that do not sacrifice the bio-oil yield for its quality. Optimum catalyst development includes tailoring the porosity, acidity, basicity, metal-support interactions, controlled formation of appropriate catalyst particles, improved hydrothermal stability, and resistance to catalyst deactivation.
A Study of Top of the Line Corrosion Under Dropwise Condensation (2008)

Top of the Line Corrosion (TLC) is a phenomenon encountered in wet gas transportation when problems of corrosion appear inside the pipe due to the condensation of water containing dissolved corrosive gases at the top of the line. Theoretically, TLC can be seen as consisting of three major processes: condensation, chemical reactions in the condensed water, and corrosion at the steel surface. In this study, the theories behind dropwise condensation, corrosion, and droplet transport are investigated. Based on the mechanisms, mathematic models are developed to predict the condensation rate, the corrosion rate, and the possibility of effective droplet transport. In the dropwise condensation model, the heat and mass conservation equations are established to account for the effect of all important heat and mass transfer resistances. A numerical method is proposed to solve the non-linear equation system and predict the condensation rate. Meanwhile, through force analysis on a single droplet, the maximum droplet size and the condensation regime can be determined. With the inputs of the condensation rate and the droplet growth scenario from the dropwise condensation model, an electrochemical mechanism from Nesic et al. (1996) is adapted to model the corrosion process at the top of the line. The breakdown of species concentrations in the droplet is established through the main thermodynamic and chemical equilibria. The general corrosion rate is predicted using the kinetics of the electrochemical reactions at the steel surface and by taking into account the mass transfer and chemical reactions occurring inside the droplet. In order to verify the mechanistic model, long term experiments are conducted in large scale flow loops equipped with an in situ camera. In comparison with the experimental results, the model was able to predict reasonably well the condensation rate, the corrosion rate, and the condensation regime. Being a standard method for corrosion control in the oil and gas industry, corrosion inhibitors are not useful for TLC prevention since traditional inhibitors are liquid and flow at the bottom of the line and cannot easily reach the top of the line where the aggressive condensed water is formed. However, it is believed that under certain circumstances inhibitors may be transported to the top of the line as entrained droplets are deposited there. In order to theoretically describe how and when a droplet is entrained from the liquid at the bottom and then deposited at the top of the line, several inception and transition criteria have been defined. Firstly, two mechanisms (undercutting and tearing) are determined for the onset of droplet formation. Secondly, according to the wave-mixing and entrainment-deposition mechanism, two criteria for the transition from stratified to non-stratified flow are established, respectively. Finally, an effective zone with well defined boundaries is introduced to provide operational guidance for the utilizing of corrosion inhibitors in TLC prevention.
Abstract 191: Extracellular signaling linked to PI3K/AKT triggers the formation of vasculogenic mimcry in ovarian cancer (2019)

Abstract Introduction: The presence of an endothelial cell-free perfusion pathway, known as Vasculogenic Mimicry (VM), strongly correlates with reduced patient survival, however the mechanisms by which a tumor can create a self-generated irrigation system remain unknown. Currently there is no mechanism of VM formation reported in fluid conducting tubular structures. Herein, using a standardized in vitro model, we sought to understand the pathways required for VM formation. Methods: We utilized confocal microscopy and Imaris reconstruction to demonstrate that cancer cells can create an internal tubular network in cultured cancer cell lines, cancer spheres and primary cancer cultures of ovarian cancer. Matrigel and 3D matrices containing specific protein components allowed the deciphering of the extracellular matrix proteins involved in VM formation. Intercellular pathways were resolved using chemical inhibitors. Results: VM only occurs when cells are grown in 3D culture and only 30% of primary cancer cultures undergo this process. The presence of laminin 1 is sufficient to trigger the formation of tubular structures and this may involve the alpha2beta1 integrin and metalloproteases. Downstream FAK and PI3K/AKT intercellular pathways are required to form functional tubular networks. Microarray data elucidated the presence of the mRNA transcripts that were increased in cells that undergo VM. Discussion: We demonstrate that Laminin 1, a component of the extracellular matrix (ECM), can promote the process of VM, which further involves the downstream signaling of the potentially druggable targets of the PI3K pathway. As VM is associated with reduced patient survival, elucidation of the mechanisms of formation may deliver new cancer therapies. Funding: FONDECYT 1180241, CONICYT FONDAP 15130011, IMII P09/016F Citation Format: Andres Valdivia, Gabriel Mingo, Varina Aldana, Alejandra Sandoval, Alejandro Corvalan, Francisco Nualart, Gareth I. Owen. Extracellular signaling linked to PI3K/AKT triggers the formation of vasculogenic mimcry in ovarian cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 191.
Postvasectomy Alterations in Protein Synthesis and Secretion in the Rat Caput Epididymidis Are Not Repaired After Vasovasostomy (2000)

Many men who have undergone vasectomy later request vasovasostomy. Unfortunately, significant numbers of these men remain infertile despite the reestablishment of patent ducts. This report examines the possibility that epididymal function remains compromised after vasovasostomy in the rat by examination of quantifiable, in vivo protein synthesis and secretion in the caput epididymidis. Rats were studied 30 days after vasectomy, 30 days after a vasovasostomy (which was performed 30 days after vasectomy), or after sham operations. Epididymal lumen fluids (LF) were collected by micropuncture after 3 hours' in vivo microperifusion of tubules with 35S-amino acids. Proteins were separated by 2-dimensional electrophoresis and were detected by Coomassie blue staining. Synthesized proteins in tubule extract and synthesized and secreted proteins in LF were detected by autoradiography and image analysis. Specific proteins that appeared to be affected by vasectomy-vasovasostomy were identified by internal sequence analysis. LF contained an average of 87 detectable proteins synthesized and secreted in the control caput. Nineteen of the most prominent LF proteins were selected for more focused study. The most prominent proteins were clusterin, cysteine-rich secretory protein (CRISP)-1, and epididymal retinoic acid-binding protein. Among these, CRISP-1 remained reduced in LF after vasovasostomy. Two more minor proteins that remained reduced after vasovasostomy were identified as prostaglandin D2 synthase and phosphatidylethanolamine-binding protein. All 3 of these proteins occur in the epididymides of multiple species and have been associated with sperm fertilizing capacity.
Developmental changes in poly(A) polymerase activity in Artemia (1983)

The levels of poly(A) polymerase activity have been determined during Artemia early development. Poly(A) polymerase activity increases steadily during postgastrular embryonic development reaching a maximum shortly after hatching. The rise of poly(A) polymerase is concomitant with an increase in poly(A) content and with a change in the subcellular distribution of the enzyme activity, the major increase corresponding to the nuclear fraction. Only one isoenzyme of poly(A) polymerase has been identified in Artemia embryos and nauplii despite changes in enzyme levels and subcellular changes during early development. Poly(A) polymerase is not associated with the cytoplasmic poly(A)-containing ribonucleoprotein particles stored in Artemia dormant embryos.
P2‐149: Molecular signature of prodromal Alzheimer's disease: A microarray study in post‐mortem cortical tissue (2009)

A number of studies have suggested that there are differences among cortical regions in vulnerability to Alzheimer's disease (AD). Primary sensory cortices, including BA 1/2/3 remain relatively spared, while medial temporal and association cortices (including BA 21) are susceptible to plaque and tangle formation, even early in the disease. Though hypotheses have been put forth, the reasons for this difference remain obscure. In this study we used microarray technology to address this question by determining differences in inter-regional transcript expression from human post-mortem brain tissue from individuals at high risk for AD (positive for the APOE4 genotype) and individuals at low risk (negative for the APOE4 genotype). Subjects were chosen in whom AD was not present, as we did not want to measure “downstream” changes consequent to frank pathology. Fresh-frozen human brain tissue from normal control subjects (N = 41) at autopsy was obtained from the Clinical Brain Disorders Branch, NIMH. Demographic characteristics of this cohort include: Age = 41.9 ± 10.3; Sex = 35 M/6 F; pH = 6.6 ± 0.29; PMI = 31.9 ± 16.4; RIN = BA 21 (8.0 ± 0.5) and BA 1/2/3 (8.3 ± 0.5); Genotype: APOE3= 28 & APOE4=13. WG6 BeadChip arrays (Illumina) were processed according to the manufacturer's guidelines. For statistical analyses, the data was processed using a “double subtraction” method. We determined expression differences between the two regions (BA 1/2/3 and BA 21) and contrasted these difference scores between APOE4 positive and negative groups, thus isolating intrinsic vulnerability or protective factors. We identified 70 transcripts corresponding to genes from RefSeq and UniGene databases that differed significantly (at p< .001) between the APOE3 and APOE4 using “double subtraction” analyses. Fifty one of these transcripts survived FDR analyses. This study indicates that E4 promotes changes in calcium regulation, mitochondrial dysfunction, cell cycle activity, apoptosis, and Wnt signaling that are associated with disease pathogenesis. By contrasting expression profiles for brain regions relatively invulnerable and highly vulnerable to AD pathology, we identified novel genes and/or signaling pathways that might account for differential vulnerability. These findings may have implications for treatment targets.
Electrochemistry and Electrocatalysis of a Nafion/Nano‐CaCO3/Hb Film Modified Carbon Ionic Liquid Electrode Using BMIMPF6 as Binder (2007)

Abstract In this paper a room temperature ionic liquid 1‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate (BMIMPF 6 ) was used as binder for the construction of carbon ionic liquid electrode (CILE) and a new electrochemical biosensor was developed for determination of H 2 O 2 by immobilization of hemoglobin (Hb) in the composite film of Nafion/nano‐CaCO 3 on the surface of CILE. The Hb modified electrode showed a pair of well‐defined, quasi‐reversible redox peaks with E pa and E pc as −0.265 V and −0.470 V (vs. SCE). The formal potential ( E °′) was got by the midpoint of E pa and E pc as −0.368 V, which was the characteristic of Hb Fe(III)/Fe(II) redox couples. The peak to peak separation was 205 mV in pH 7.0 Britton–Robinson (B–R) buffer solution at the scan rate of 100 mV/s. The direct electrochemistry of Hb in the film was carefully investigated and the electrochemical parameters of Hb on the modified electrode were calculated as α =0.487 and k s =0.128 s −1 . The Nafion/nano‐CaCO 3 /Hb film electrode showed good electrocatalysis to the reduction of H 2 O 2 in the linear range from 8.0 to 240.0 μmol/L and the detection limit as 5.0 μmol/L (3 σ ). The apparent Michaelis–Menten constant ( K M app ) was estimated to be 65.7 μmol/L. UV‐vis absorption spectroscopy and FT‐IR spectroscopy showed that Hb in the Nafion/nano‐CaCO 3 composite film could retain its native structure.
The Southern Ocean Exchange: porous boundaries between humpback whale breeding populations in southern polar waters (2021)

Humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae) are a cosmopolitan species and perform long annual migrations between low-latitude breeding areas and high-latitude feeding areas. Their breeding populations appear to be spatially and genetically segregated due to long-term, maternally inherited fidelity to natal breeding areas. In the Southern Hemisphere, some humpback whale breeding populations mix in Southern Ocean waters in summer, but very little movement between Pacific and Atlantic waters has been identified to date, suggesting these waters constituted an oceanic boundary between genetically distinct populations. Here, we present new evidence of summer co-occurrence in the West Antarctic Peninsula feeding area of two recovering humpback whale breeding populations from the Atlantic (Brazil) and Pacific (Central and South America). As humpback whale populations recover, observations like this point to the need to revise our perceptions of boundaries between stocks, particularly on high latitude feeding grounds. We suggest that this "Southern Ocean Exchange" may become more frequent as populations recover from commercial whaling and climate change modifies environmental dynamics and humpback whale prey availability.
Neural correlates of executive function in mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease–an FDG-PET study (2005)

Executive dysfunction in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is associated with delusions, agitation and disinhibition, rapid progression and care dependency. We correlated resting cerebral glucose metabolism in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) with scores on the Trail Making Test (TMT) as a measure of executive function. Methods: Ten patients with AD, 10 patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and 14 controls were included. We compared cerebral glucose metabolism in patients with that in controls and correlated TMT scores with cerebral glucose metabolism. Neuropsychological correlates of the TMT were also investigated. Results: Patients had reduced frontotemporoparietal and posterior cingulate metabolism compared to controls. TMT-A correlated with left middle frontal, TMT-B and TMT-Q with right middle frontal and TMT-B with right precentral glucose metabolism. TMT-A and TMT-B scores correlated with word fluency and recall subtests of the CERAD neuropsychological test battery, TMT-Q with delayed constructional praxis scores. Conclusions: PET and neuropsychological correlates indicate that executive function is frontal lobe mediated and demands working memory. The neuropsychological correlates of the tasks confirm the complexity of the task.