gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Enhanced Axial Resolution of Wide-Field Two-Photon Excitation Microscopy by Line Scanning Using a Digital Micromirror Device (2017)

Temporal focusing multiphoton microscopy is a technique for performing highly parallelized multiphoton microscopy while still maintaining depth discrimination. While the conventional wide-field configuration for temporal focusing suffers from sub-optimal axial resolution, line scanning temporal focusing, implemented here using a digital micromirror device (DMD), can provide substantial improvement. The DMD-based line scanning temporal focusing technique dynamically trades off the degree of parallelization, and hence imaging speed, for axial resolution, allowing performance parameters to be adapted to the experimental requirements. We demonstrate this new instrument in calibration specimens and in biological specimens, including a mouse kidney slice.
Numerical analysis of kink effect in HJFET with a heterobuffer layer (1993)

The kink effect in an AlGaAs/GaAs HJFET with a heterobuffer layer is investigated using a two-dimensional device simulator with impact ionization and deep-trap models. It is confirmed that the accumulation of holes generated by impact ionization causes the kink effect. The influence of deep levels on the kink characteristics is also investigated. The kink effect is suppressed by electron traps in the channel region through the recombination of the generated holes. On the other hand, the kink effect is enhanced by hole traps, which are positively ionized by increases in hole concentration. However, excessive hole trap concentration suppresses the accumulation of holes, due to enhanced recombination with electrons. Under such conditions the kink effect vanishes.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Ferromagnetic properties of MnAs/Ge multilayers grown by molecular beam epitaxy (2004)

MnAs/Ge multilayer structures successfully fabricated using molecular beam epitaxy were grown on (001) GaAs substrates at a growth temperature of 580 °C. The multilayer with a 100 Å period thickness exhibited ferromagnetism up to 345 K with a coercive field of 147 Oe at 300 K and a vanishingly small in-plane magnetic anisotropy, as determined from temperature-dependent magnetization and hysteresis loop measurements. These results indicate the formation of novel ferromagnetic multilayers, which may have spintronic applications.
2012 EHRA/HRS expert consensus statement on cardiac resynchronization therapy in heart failure: implant and follow-up recommendations and management: A registered branch of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC), and the Heart Rhythm Society; and in collaboration with the Heart Failure Society of America (HFSA), the American Society of Echocardiography (ASE), the American Heart Association (AHA), the European Association of Echocardiography (EAE) of the ESC and the Heart Failure Association of the ESC (HFA). * Endorsed by the governing bodies of AHA, ASE, EAE, HFSA, HFA, EHRA, and HRS (2012)

International audience
Les uvéites : approche diagnostique multi-disciplinaire actualisée à l’usage de l’ophtalmologue et de l’interniste: Partie 2 : Investigations systémiques en cas d’uvéite et apport de l’interniste (revue des examens paracliniques demandés le plus souvent en cas d’uvéite) (2003)

La collaboration entre l'ophtalmologue et le medecin interniste est essentielle a la prise en charge des cas difficiles d'uveites. Comme Indique dans la premiere partie de ce travail les investigations reposent sur l'examen clinique a l'aide duquel l'ophtalmologue orientera son correspondant interniste. Nous presentons Ici une demarche diagnostique de laboratoire a laquelle nous avons recours habituellement et qui permet d'identifier la grande majorite des uveites referees dans notre region. Le repertoire de ces tests a ete rassemble et discute dans cette deuxieme partie.
Dissociable temporal effects of bupropion on behavioural measures of emotional and reward processing in depression (2018)

Antidepressants remediate negative biases in emotional processing early in treatment, prior to mood improvement. However, the effects on reward processing potentially relevant to the treatment of anhedonia are less clear. Here we investigate the early and sustained effects of the dopamine and noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor bupropion on behavioural measures of emotional and reward processing in currently depressed individuals. Forty-six currently depressed patients and 42 healthy controls participated in a repeated measures study, during which open-label bupropion was administered to only the patient group over a six week period without a placebo group. All participants completed the Emotional Test Battery and a probabilistic instrumental learning task at week 0, week 2 and week 6. Currently depressed patients displayed negative biases in emotional processing and blunted response bias for high-probability wins compared to the healthy controls at baseline. Bupropion was found to reduce the negative biases in emotional processing early in treatment, including a significant decrease in the percentage misclassification of other face emotions as sad and the number of negative self-referent words falsely recalled between baseline and week 2. Conversely, bupropion was found to initially further reduce the response bias for high-probability wins between baseline and week 2. This effect reversed with six weeks' bupropion treatment and reward processing was normalized compared to the healthy controls. Early in treatment, bupropion acts to reduce negative biases in emotional processing but exacerbates impaired reward processing. The beneficial actions of bupropion on reward processing then occur later in treatment. Such dissociation in the temporal effects of bupropion on emotional and reward processing has implications for the treatment of the different symptom domains of negative affect and anhedonia in depression.This article is part of a discussion meeting issue 'Of mice and mental health: facilitating dialogue between basic and clinical neuroscientists'.
International Baccalaureate Diploma Programme, Mathematics SL [test review] (2007)

no abstract
Modelo de tumor experimental em rim de ratos (2002)

O carcinossarcoma 256 de Walker tem despertado o interesse de muitos pesquisadores como modelo experimental para estudo da biologia tumoral. OBJETIVO: estabelecer um modelo de tumor renal que possa ser usado para estudar in vivo e in vitro, as alterações impostas pelas neoplasias. MÉTODOS: utilizados vinte ratos Wistar, machos, adultos, pesando entre 250-300 g, oriundos do Laboratório de Cirurgia Experimental da Universidade Federal do Ceará. Sob anestesia inalatória procedia-se uma pequena incisão supraumbilical, e com manobra delicada fazia-se a exposição do rim direito. Neste órgão eram inoculadas 3x10(5) células tumorais viáveis. Os animais então eram mantidos em gaiolas individuais com as mesmas condições ambientais e com água e dieta ad libitum. RESULTADOS: o Carcinossarcoma 256 de Walker, implantado no parênquima do rim direito de ratos Wistar apresentou índice de pega de 100%, e crescimento rápido, invadiu por contiguidade as estruturas vizinhas, porém sem apresentar metástases, no entanto, levando os animais a óbito no curso médio de 14 dias. CONCLUSÃO: o modelo de implante de tumor de Walker no parênquima do rim direito de ratos Wistar é eficiente, tem reprodutibilidade, apresentando um índice de pega de 100%, e permitindo seu uso em linhas de pesquisa.
INFLUENCE OF ROASTING CONDITIONS ON VOLATILE FLAVOR OF ROASTED MALAYSIAN COCOA BEANS (2006)

In this study, commercial Malaysian cocoa beans (SMC1A) were roasted in a forced airflow-drying oven for 20, 30, 40 and 50 min at 120, 130, 140, 150, 160 and 170C. The products were evaluated for flavor compounds and sensory evaluation (as dark chocolate). The volatile fraction was isolated using the combined steam distillation–extraction procedure and was identified by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. A quantitative descriptive analysis was used to evaluate the flavor intensity of the chocolates using a 9-point rating scale for selected flavor attributes, namely astringency, bitter taste, sour taste, cocoa and burnt. Panelists were asked to smell and taste the sample against a standard chocolate. It was found that there were significant differences in flavor compounds between the different conditions of roasting. The main flavoring compounds identified composed of aliphatic and alicyclic groups such as alcohol and ester, and heterocyclic groups such as pyrazine and aldehyde. A total of 19 volatile major components were identified: nine pyrazines (2,5-dimethyl-, 2,3-dimethyl-, 2-ethyl-6-methyl-, trimethyl-, 3-ethyl-2,5-dimethyl-, tetramethyl-, 2-ethenyl-6-methyl- and 3,5-dimethyl-2-methylpyrazine); five aldehydes (5-methyl-2-phenyl-2-hexenal, benzaldehyde, benzalacetaldehyde and α-ethyliden-benzenacetaldehyde); one methyl ketone (2-nonanone); two alcohols (linalool and 2-heptanol); and two esters (4-ethylphenyl acetate and 2-phenylethyl acetate). Based on the flavor profile of the compounds identified, an optimum production of the major flavoring compounds such as pyrazine, aldehyde, ketone, alcohol and ester occurred at 160C for 30 min of roasting. Trimethylpyrazine and tetramethylpyrazine compounds together with 5-methyl-2-phenyl-2-hexanal were found to be good indicators for the evaluation of the roasting process. However, based on chocolate evaluation, the best roasting temperature was 150C for 30 min, which gave the lowest astringency and at the same time gave the lowest bitter taste and low level of sour and burnt tastes. At 150C roasting temperature, the desirable cocoa flavor was at its optimum. Correlation coefficients among certain volatile flavor and sensory characteristics of cocoa beans and dark chocolate were significant (P < 0.05).
Optimizing Stochastic Gradient Descent Using the Angle Between Gradients (2020)

In the field of machine learning, Stochastic Gradient Descent has been proven an effective method to shorten the time spent on minimizing the output cost. Due to the fact that the data pattern of each mini-batch could be somewhat varied from the full dataset, most existing optimization algorithms attempt to alleviate this variance via computing certain calibration terms associated with the previous gradient. Since the previous gradient is computed from the past Stochastic Gradient Descent state, it can adversely affect the calibration terms introducing deviation that result in an inaccurate new gradient. To resolve this problem, we propose a method that reduces the aforementioned deviation via applying a preprocessing technique to the previous gradient prior to its usage. The technique uses the angle between the previous and the current gradients to improve the precision of the calibration terms, reducing the effects of the deviations. Empirical results are obtained from incorporating the proposed method with a fully-connected vanilla neural network. The proposed technique is evaluated using the MNIST dataset against 10 previously proposed optimization algorithms. The experiment shows the benefits in reducing the cost result from adopting the proposed preprocessing technique to improve the gradient derivation.
Simple Method for Derivatization of Monoglycerides and Diglycerides (1988)

Abstract A method has been developed for derivatization of monoglycerides and diglycerides to their propyl esters by using propionic anhydride in the presence of pyridine. The derivatives are volatile and thus can be separated and identified by gas chromatography (GC). Completion of the reaction is monitored by thin-layer chromatography. Monoglyceride propyl esters were positively identified by gas chromatography and by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. No side products were observed in the derivatization reaction which requires 35 min at 75°C. GC analysis of the mono- and diglyceride propyl esters can be completed in approximately 30 min.
Ion-selective membrane electrodes. A review (1970)

E. Pungor and K. Tóth, Analyst, 1970, 95, 625 DOI: 10.1039/AN9709500625
Thermal Racemization of Thiaheterohelicenes (1986)

Abstract Thermal racemizations of four thiaheterohelicenes (TH) with alternant thiophene and benzene rings were examined and compared with those of carbohelicenes (CH). The racemization rate of [5]TH was very fast at room temperature, and the rates of [7]TH and [9]TH were found to be 1/5 to 1/50 times slower than the corresponding CH having a similar internal angle. The ΔS\eweq values obtained by temperature-variable experiments showed a large difference between [7]TH (−103.9±4.8 JK−1 mol−1) and [9]TH (−66.3±4.0), suggesting different conformations in the transition state. CNDO calculations on the transitional conformations of [5]TH demonstrated that a geometry, such as that distorting the benzene rings, has a lower energy than a geometry such as that twisting the thiophene ring. Based upon these results, the conformations in the transition states for the THs are inferred.
Immunological memory to SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 vaccines (2022)

Immunological memory is the basis of protective immunity provided by vaccines and previous infections. Immunological memory can develop from multiple branches of the adaptive immune system, including CD4 T cells, CD8 T cells, B cells, and long-lasting antibody responses. Extraordinary progress has been made in understanding memory to SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 vaccines, addressing development; quantitative and qualitative features of different cellular and anatomical compartments; and durability of each cellular component and antibodies. Given the sophistication of the measurements; the size of the human studies; the use of longitudinal samples and cross-sectional studies; and head-to-head comparisons between infection and vaccines or between multiple vaccines, the understanding of immune memory for one year to SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccines already supersedes that of any other acute infectious disease. This knowledge may help inform public policies regarding COVID-19 and COVID-19 vaccines, as well as the scientific development of future vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 and other diseases.
Complete nucleotide sequence of thePvuii restriction enzyme gene fromProteus vulgaris (1990)

Journal Article Complete nucleotide sequence of the Pvu ii restriction enzyme gene from Proteus vulgaris Get access A. Athanasiadis, A. Athanasiadis University of Crete, Department of Biology and Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology (IMBB)PO Box 1527, GR-71110 Heraklion, Crete, Greece Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar M. Gregoriu, M. Gregoriu University of Crete, Department of Biology and Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology (IMBB)PO Box 1527, GR-71110 Heraklion, Crete, Greece Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar D. Thanos, D. Thanos University of Crete, Department of Biology and Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology (IMBB)PO Box 1527, GR-71110 Heraklion, Crete, Greece Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar M. Kokkinidis, M. Kokkinidis University of Crete, Department of Biology and Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology (IMBB)PO Box 1527, GR-71110 Heraklion, Crete, Greece Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar J. Papamatheakis J. Papamatheakis University of Crete, Department of Biology and Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology (IMBB)PO Box 1527, GR-71110 Heraklion, Crete, Greece Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Nucleic Acids Research, Volume 18, Issue 21, 21 November 1990, Page 6434, https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/18.21.6434 Published: 21 November 1990 Article history Received: 26 September 1990 Published: 21 November 1990
The Relationship of Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor-1 Levels to the ST Deviation Pattern of Acute Myocardial Infarction (2008)

Higher plasma PAI-1 levels in STEMI patients may contribute to the predilection of these patients to occlusive thrombi and STEMI.
Expression of β3‐adrenoceptor mRNA in rat brain (1995)

The reverse transcription/polymerase chain reaction was used to demonstrate beta 3-adrenoceptor mRNA in rat brain regions. Levels were highest in hippocampus, cerebral cortex and striatum and lower in hypothalamus, brainstem and cerebellum.
On the Dynamics of a Post-Buckled Vibrating Beam: An Experimental Study (2006)

A beam is clamped at one of its ends and is subjected to a shear force at its other end which causes deformation in the principal plane with stiffest resistance to bending. Above a critical value of load, bifurcation occurs, the beam twists and experiences out-of-plane deformation which tends to transfer bending to the plane of weakest resistance. Here, attention is focused on an experimental study of dynamic lateral torsional buckling. The load is exerted, by a tip mass whose inertia provides the load-levels that lead to buckling. Specifically, in the experiment, a beam is attached to the shaft of a motor at one of its ends and a large mass is attached to its other end. Rotation of the motor causes deflection of the beam in its principal plane of stiffest bending resistance. By increasing the excitation frequency and/or amplitude of oscillation of the motor's shaft, the shear force applied by the mass on the beam's end exceeds a critical value which causes dynamic lateral torsional buckling of the beam. Buckling has been observed at several operating points with different spatial and temporal motions. The deformations in the post-buckled regime are large and often complex, for this reason non-standard experimental techniques need to be employed. Only with these techniques, comparison with numerical and analytical models can take place. This work focuses on experimental investigations using several sensing elements, a laser vibration sensor, a fast video camera and a shaft encoder whose signals have be processed simultaneously to provide sufficient information about the 3D dynamics. The paper describes the experimental system, the data and signal processing methods for the non-stationary system and the unique dynamical behavior the system under dynamic buckling conditions.
Multiple brain metastases are associated with poor survival in patients treated with surgery and radiotherapy. (1993)

These results are consistent with a recent randomized study supporting the role of surgery and whole-brain radiation therapy in the management of patients with solitary brain metastases. We would caution against the generalization of this concept to patients with two or more brain metastases.
Characterization of Absorption and Scattering Properties of Small-Volume Biological Samples Using Time-Resolved Spectroscopy (1993)

With time-resolved spectroscopy, we develop an experimental approach by sample substitution to measure the absorption (mu a) and reduced scattering (mu's) coefficients of small-volume biological samples. To investigate the method, small-volume control samples are substituted into a large-size host medium during increases in the absorber (or scatterer) concentration of the host. By characterizing the deviation of the spectra taken with and without the sample, we determine the matching points where the sample and surrounding medium are optically identical. We show that this method can result in correct values of the mu a and mu's for the sample within 6% error if the matching conditions for both the mu a and mu's are fully realized. The results also indicate that this method can give approximate values of the mu a and mu's in a reasonable range if either the mu a or the mu's matching between the two media is realized. This method has been applied to the studies of absorption properties of a human finger and of scattering properties of yeast.
High Performance Networking VII: IFIP TC6 Seventh International Conference on High Performance Networks (HPN ' 97), 28th April - 2nd May 1997, White Plains, New York, USA (2013)

One Multicast Implementation Issues.- 1 Multicast server architectures for supporting IP multicast over ATM.- 2 Center placement algorithms for large multicast groups.- Two Experimental Results.- 3 On the integration of the UMTS amd B-ISDN system.- 4 Measuring the behavior of a world-wide web server.- 5 A framework for ATM testing.- Three Multimedia Traffic.- 6 The effect of various ATM switch architectures on VBR video performance.- 7 Throughout optimization for multimedia applications over high speed networks.- 8 Issues in platform-independent support for multimedia desktop.- 9 Design and implementation of a flexible traffic controller for ATM connections.- Four Quality of Service.- 10 On routing with QoS constraints in ATM networks.- 11 Mobiware: QoS-aware middleware for mobile multimedia communications.- Five Fundamental Concepts.- 12 Enforcing quality of service for adaptive multimedia applications via fair queueing.- 13 Adaptive variation of reliability.- 14 On compartmental modelling of multi-service communication networks.- 15 Performance evaluations of partial order connections.- Six Architectural Issues.- 16 A performance model for integrated layer processing.- 17 An architecture for active networking.- 18 The strategy of traffic dispersion.- Seven Bandwidth Allocation.- 19 Dynamic bandwidth allocation for stored VBR video in ATM endsystems.- 20 Analysis of a new end-to-end proportional bandwidth allocation algorithm.- 21 A simulation study of a wireless bandwidth reservation multiple access protocol for multimedia traffic.- Index of contributors.- Keyword index.
Effect of Pressure on the Photoluminescence of Polynucleotide-Stabilized Cadmium Sulfide Nanocrystals (1999)

This work describes the effects of pressure on the photoluminescence of Q-CdS (quantum-confined cadmium sulfide) nanoparticles stabilized by hexametaphosphate, calf thymus DNA, polyadenylic acid, polyuridylic acid, and polyadenylic−uridylic acid in the pressure range from atmospheric pressure to 4 kbar. A marked difference is observed between Q-CdS/polyadenylic acid and that of Q-CdS/polyuridylic acid in terms of pressure-induced changes in the luminescence; coating the surface of each type of Q-CdS with cadmium hydroxide results in a leveling effect whereby only a steady diminution of emission intensity is observed in each case. A model involving pressure-induced perturbation of anionic sulfide hole traps at the semiconductor nanocrystal surface is proposed to explain these observations.