gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Neutrophil Function after Exposure to Polychlorinated Biphenyls in vitro (1993)

Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are known to be immunotoxic, yet the effects on neutrophil (PMN) function are not well characterized. We incubated PMNs isolated from rat peritoneum with a mixture of PCB congeners, Aroclor 1242, in the absence or presence of either phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) to stimulate generation of superoxide anion (O2-) or N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (fMLP) to induce degranulation (measured as release of beta-glucuronidase). Aroclor 1242 alone stimulated O2- production at a concentration of 10 micrograms/ml. Significant cytotoxicity was not observed under these conditions. This concentration of Aroclor 1242 also increased O2- generation in PMNs activated with 20 ng PMA/ml. In the presence of a concentration of PMA (2 ng/ml) that by itself did not stimulate production of O2-, 1 microgram Aroclor 1242/ml caused significant generation of O2-, indicating synergy between Aroclor 1242 and PMA. Aroclor 1242 caused release of beta-glucuronidase from quiescent PMNs; however, in PMNs stimulated with fMLP to undergo degranulation, Aroclor 1242 inhibited release of beta-glucuronidase. The effects of two PCB congeners, one that binds to the Ah receptor (3,3', 4,4'-tetrachlorobiphenyl) and one that has little affinity for this receptor (2,2', 4,4'-tetrachlorobiphenyl) were examined. 3,3', 4,4'-Tetrachlorobiphenyl had no effect on PMN function in vitro, whereas 2,2', 4,4'-tetrachlorobiphenyl had effects similar to those observed with Aroclor 1242. These results indicate that PCBs affect PMN function in vitro in a complex manner, stimulating or inhibiting function under different conditions. These effects are apparently not mediated through the Ah receptor.
The Effect of Retrogression Heat Treatments on Aluminum Flanging and Trimming (2006)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Retrogression heat treatments were developed to improve the formability and mechanical behavior of age-hardenable aluminum wrought products in both the aerospace and automobile industries. The heat treatments can provide an improvement in the flanging and trimming behavior of age-hardenable aluminum sheet alloys. The present paper reviews the effect of retrogression heat treatments on flanging by demonstrating reduced springback and increased flange length; on trimming by showing the elimination of metal slivers; and on shape fixability through a three point deflection test. This work should aid in the development of improved aluminum alloys and modified forming processes to enable the increased use of aluminum sheet products.&lt;/div&gt;
Design, fabrication, and characterization of a high-field high-temperature superconducting Bi-2212 accelerator dipole magnet (2022)

The use of high-field superconducting magnets has furthered the development of medical diagnosis, fusion research, accelerators, and particle physics. High-temperature superconductors enable magnets more powerful than those possible with Nb-Ti (superconducting transition temperature ${T}_{c}$ of 9.2 K) and ${\mathrm{Nb}}_{3}\mathrm{Sn}$ (${T}_{c}$ of 18.4 K) conductors due to their very high critical field ${B}_{c2}$ of greater than 100 T near 4.2 K. However, the development of high-field accelerator magnets using high-temperature superconductors is still at its early stage. We report the construction of the world's first high-temperature superconducting ${\mathrm{Bi}}_{2}{\mathrm{Sr}}_{2}{\mathrm{CaCu}}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{x}$ (Bi-2212 with ${T}_{c}$ of $\ensuremath{\sim}82\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{K}$) accelerator dipole magnet. The magnet is based on a canted-cosine-theta design with Bi-2212 Rutherford cables. A high critical current was achieved by an overpressure processing heat treatment. The magnet was constructed from a nine-strand Rutherford cable made from industrial 0.8 mm wires. At 4.2 K, it reached a quench current of 3600 A and a dipole field of 1.64 T in a bore of 31 mm. The magnet did not exhibit the undesirable quench training common in Nb-Ti and ${\mathrm{Nb}}_{3}\mathrm{Sn}$ accelerator magnets. It quenched a dozen times without degradation. The magnet exhibited low magnetic field hysteresis ($&lt;0.1%$) as measured by a cryogenic Hall sensor. It was fast cycled to 1.47 T at $0.54\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{T}/\mathrm{s}$ without quenches. This work validates the canted-cosine-theta Bi-2212 dipole magnet design, illustrates the fabrication scheme, and establishes an initial performance benchmark.
Infrared polarization ship images and contrast in the MAPTIP experiment (1996)

Shore-based polarized infrared images of ship target and background were obtained in the MAPTIP measurement series, using vertical and horizontal polarization filters. These images have been analyzed to yield degree of polarization and polarization contrast enhancement for targets with sea and sky background Strong vertical polarization is observed in the sea surface emission near the Brewster Angle in the 8 - 12 micrometer (LWIR) band, whereas horizontal polarization due to reflection is usually dominant in the 3 - 5 micrometer (MWIR) band. Ship targets at broadside aspect show a degree of polarization less than 5%. An enhancement of contrast by up to 30% in the LWIR (less in the MWIR) is obtained by polarization suppression of sea background. The contrast enhancement in the MWIR is counteracted by the horizontal polarization of reflected sunlight.
Molecular interaction of [2,3‐14C] acrylonitrile with DNA in gastric tissue of rat (1994)

Acrylonitrile (VCN) is used extensively in polymer industries, and is known to induce gastric cancer following oral administration. A paucity of information exists regarding the mechanism(s) by which acrylonitrile induces gastric neoplasia. The time course for uptake of radioactivity by gastric tissue and covalent binding of [2,3-14C] VCN or its metabolites to gastric DNA were determined following a single oral dose of 46.5 mg/kg. The rates of DNA synthesis and repair, as measured by unscheduled DNA synthesis in the gastric tissue of VCN-treated rats, were also studied. Maximum tissue uptake and covalent binding of radioactivity to gastric DNA were observed at 15 minutes following [2,3-14C] VCN administration. At 6 hours following VCN administration, significant inhibition (37% of control) in gastric replicative DNA synthesis was observed. A rebound followed by an increase (211% of control) in replicative DNA synthesis was observed at 24 hours. A three-fold elevation in unscheduled DNA synthesis was observed at 24 hours following treatment with VCN. These results indicate that VCN or its metabolites irreversibly interact with gastric DNA, causing DNA damage. The results also indicate that the delayed VCN-induced DNA repair, determined as unscheduled DNA synthesis, is inefficient for the removal of the resulting DNA lesions.
Bogoliubov Transformations and Quantum Decoherence in an Atomic Bose-Einstein Condensate (2007)

In this brief review, we discuss quantum decoherence of an atomic Bose-Einstein condensate using Bogoliubov transformation. In particular, condensate phase is introduced and its diusion is studied. Validity of the Bogoliubov prescription is investigated and restored via the condensate phase. Role of quantum state of the condensate on the phase collapse is examined. Relation between the uctuations in the condensate particle number and the dynamics of the condensate phase is claried.
Miro-dependent mitochondrial pool of CENP-F and its farnesylated C-terminal domain are dispensable for normal development in mice (2019)

CENP-F is a large, microtubule-binding protein that regulates multiple cellular processes including chromosome segregation and mitochondrial trafficking at cytokinesis. This multiplicity of functions is mediated through the binding of various partners, like Bub1 at the kinetochore and Miro at mitochondria. Due to the multifunctionality of CENP-F, the cellular phenotypes observed upon its depletion are difficult to interpret and there is a need to genetically separate its different functions by preventing binding to selected partners. Here we engineer a CENP-F point-mutant that is deficient in Miro binding and thus is unable to localize to mitochondria, but retains other localizations. We introduce this mutation in cultured human cells using CRISPR/Cas9 system and show it causes a defect in mitochondrial spreading similar to that observed upon Miro depletion. We further create a mouse model carrying this CENP-F variant, as well as truncated CENP-F mutants lacking the farnesylated C-terminus of the protein. Importantly, one of these truncations leads to ~80% downregulation of CENP-F expression. We observe that, despite the phenotypes apparent in cultured cells, mutant mice develop normally. Taken together, these mice will serve as important models to study CENP-F biology at organismal level. In addition, because truncations of CENP-F in humans cause a lethal disease termed Strømme syndrome, they might also be relevant disease models.
Space qualification of amorphous silicon alloy lightweight modules (2002)

We report space qualification testing of lightweight amorphous silicon (a-Si) alloy triple-junction cells and modules in the laboratory and also on board the MIR space station. Triple-junction a-Si alloy solar cells were made on stainless steel using the roll-to-roll manufacturing equipment of United Solar. Electron bombardment at energies of 1 and 3 MeV up to 2.10/sup 14/ cm/sup -2/ and proton bombardment of 20 MeV energy up to 1.10/sup 12/ cm/sup -2/ cause less than 5% change in the cell power output. No change in the power output was observed after 420 thermal cycles between -170/spl deg/C and +65/spl deg/C. Modules made of several interconnected cells (35.56 cm by 3.98 cm) have been undergoing tests on board the MIR space station since November 11, 1998. Telemetry data indicate the power output to be constant within 5%, confirming the laboratory test data.
Final report of experimental laboratory-scale brittle fracture studies of glasses and ceramics (1982)

An experimental program was conducted to characterize the fragments generated when brittle glasses and ceramics are impacted. The direct application of the results is to radioactive waste forms for which the effects of accidental impacts must be known or predictable. Two major measurable experimental responses used for characterization of these effects are (1) the size distribution of the fragments, including the sizes that are respirable, and (2) the increase in surface area of the brittle test specimen. This report describes the glass and ceramic materials characterized, the procedures and techniques used for the characterization of size distributions and surface areas, and the results of the two key responses of the impact tests. Five alternative methods of determining size distributions were compared. Also examined were the effects of diametral and axial specimen impact configurations and the use of mechanical stops to eliminate secondary crushing during testing. Microscopic characterizations of Pyrex and SRL 131 simulated waste glass and SYNROC fragments were also performed. Preliminary correlations of impact energy with key size-distribution parameters, fragment surface areas, and respirable fines were proposed as useful for future verification and for use with modeling and scale-up studies of brittle fracture of larger realistic waste forms. The impact fragments of all specimens could be described by lognormal size distributions.
First Regional Selective Packerless Acid-Fracture Stimulation With Coiled Tubing: A Documented Case History From Saudi Arabia (2009)

Abstract A review of the stimulation methods used in the Hanifa formation (primarily a combination of diesel-emulsified acid/visco-elastic diverting systems) performed during the first two quarters of 2005 revealed that while initial post-stimulation vertical or deviated well-performance was typically improved, it was also short-lived (Surjaatmadja et al. 2001; Surjaatmadja et al. 2001; Surjaatmadja et al. 2002). All the wells exhibited a gradual loss in productivity after the stimulation treatments. Furthermore, in horizontal wells, the problem was aggravated because there was not enough control of acid placement over long openhole carbonate intervals where permeability or damage contrast existed; requiring a deeper matrix stimulation. Exploring improved methods for stimulation, a multidisciplinary team composed of Saudi Aramco and service-company representatives were brought together to review various stimulation methods. After looking at conventional hydraulic-fracturing as a method of deeper-formation stimulation than matrix acidizing, it was concluded that over the long open-wellbore intervals, there would not be sufficient control of fracture placement, fracture growth and propagation, and interaction with the natural fracturing present in the Hanifa. Additionally, the typical Hanifa completion strings have completion size restrictions which limit the options for rigless stimulations. After the review of several options, including coiled tubing (CT) proppant fracs, and stimulation using multiple and discrete mechanical-isolation devices like plugs or packers, the team selected the packerless selective acid fracture (PLSAF) stimulation using CT as the stimulation method most desirable for the limitations intrinsic to the Hanifa formation for the following reasons: PLSAF with CT offers control of fracture placement in an openhole environment. PLSAF can achieve multiple treatments without mechanical isolation. PLSAF can provide moderately deep, controlled fractures with reduced risk to connect the generated fracture with the water sources. PLSAF was applied successfully in one well during the third quarter of 2005, where ten selective acid fractures were placed along the openhole section. This paper presents the long-term evaluation and benefits of the first regional application of the PLSAF in Saudi Arabia.
Comparative study on the shaping ability and cleaning efficiency of rotary Mtwo instruments. Part 2. Cleaning effectiveness and shaping ability in severely curved root canals of extracted teeth (2006)

Under the conditions of this study, Mtwo instruments resulted in good cleaning and maintained the original curvature significantly better than K3 or RaCe files.
Detection of an artificial target with low radar cross-section in presence of backscatter (2014)

This paper presents an approach to improve the detection of an artificial target with low radar cross-section in presence of clutter. The target proposed in the paper modulates the phase response of the circularly polarized incident signal by means of rotation. The same physical phenomenon can be used to steer the modulated response in a non-specular direction. The bi-static measurements of the response of the target have demonstrated good agreement with theoretical prediction as well as with full-wave simulation.
Phagocytosis Escape by a Staphylococcus aureus Protein That Connects Complement and Coagulation Proteins at the Bacterial Surface (2013)

Upon contact with human plasma, bacteria are rapidly recognized by the complement system that labels their surface for uptake and clearance by phagocytic cells. Staphylococcus aureus secretes the 16 kD Extracellular fibrinogen binding protein (Efb) that binds two different plasma proteins using separate domains: the Efb N-terminus binds to fibrinogen, while the C-terminus binds complement C3. In this study, we show that Efb blocks phagocytosis of S. aureus by human neutrophils. In vitro, we demonstrate that Efb blocks phagocytosis in plasma and in human whole blood. Using a mouse peritonitis model we show that Efb effectively blocks phagocytosis in vivo, either as a purified protein or when produced endogenously by S. aureus. Mutational analysis revealed that Efb requires both its fibrinogen and complement binding residues for phagocytic escape. Using confocal and transmission electron microscopy we show that Efb attracts fibrinogen to the surface of complement-labeled S. aureus generating a 'capsule'-like shield. This thick layer of fibrinogen shields both surface-bound C3b and antibodies from recognition by phagocytic receptors. This information is critical for future vaccination attempts, since opsonizing antibodies may not function in the presence of Efb. Altogether we discover that Efb from S. aureus uniquely escapes phagocytosis by forming a bridge between a complement and coagulation protein.
Effect of granulating conditions on characteristics of wet granulated aluminium alloy powder (2000)

Effects of PVA binder parameters on the characteristics of granulated aluminium alloy powder produced by a fluidised bed wet type granulator were investigated. The granulated powder had a mean particle size of about 75–100 μm and showed a spherical shape. Flow ability was remarkably improved and it was equivalent to that of iron powder. Apparent density of the granules decreased compared with that of the primary raw powder because of both its uniform particle size distribution and internal porosity. Dimensional tolerance of the green compacts obtained using the granules was much improved compared with that using the raw powder because the weight of the powders filled in a die was stabilised owing to its excellent flow ability.
Bimetallic ruthenium–copper nanoparticles embedded in mesoporous carbon as an effective hydrogenation catalyst (2013)

Bimetallic ruthenium-copper nanoparticles embedded in the pore walls of mesoporous carbon were prepared via a template route and evaluated in terms of catalytic properties in D-glucose hydrogenation. The existence of bimetallic entities was supported by Ru L3-edge and Cu K-edge X-ray absorption results. The hydrogen spillover effect of the bimetallic catalyst on the hydrogenation reaction was evidenced by the results of both hydrogen and carbon monoxide chemisorptions. The bimetallic catalyst displayed a higher catalytic activity than the single-metal catalysts prepared using the same approach, namely ruthenium or copper nanoparticles embedded in the pore walls of mesoporous carbon. This improvement was due to the changes in the geometric and electronic structures of the bimetallic catalyst because of the presence of the second metal.
Evidence of androgen receptor expression in squamous and adenocarcinoma of the esophagus. (2001)

Androgen receptors (AR) are known to stimulate cellular proliferation in certain tumors. We have assessed the androgen receptor status of esophageal carcinoma in surgically resected specimens as well as in established human esophageal carcinoma cells lines. In these initial studies we sought to characterize the frequency of expression of androgen receptors in squamous versus adenocarcinoma and in male versus female patients, and to assess the possible influence of AR expression on survivaL We analyzed androgen receptor expression utilizing immunohistochemistry in adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus in surgical specimens from 25 patients treated at Johns Hopkins Bayview Medical Center. Tumors in 7 of 21 males (33%) and 1 of 4 females (25%) showed positive androgen receptor staining with the monoclonal body antibody AR 441. There was no suggestion of a difference in expression of AR between males and females. Five of 11 adenocarcinomas (45%) and 3 of 14 squamous carcinomas were positive. Survival was similar in AR+ and AR- patients. Studies with established tissue culture cell lines showed AR expression by RT-PCR, with stronger expression of AR in adenocarcinoma lines than in squamous carcinoma lines. The presence of AR in human esophageal cancer is an impetus for further studies to assess anti-androgen therapy for treatment and or prevention of these tumors.
A high performance 8-input, 8-output Butler matrix beamforming network for ultra-broadband applications (2002)

A lightweight, 2-18 GHz, 8 /spl times/ 8 multilayered stripline Butler matrix which exhibited superb performance is presented. The Butler matrix's excellent performance is attributed to its high-performance hybrids and phase-shift networks. The novel design techniques for the hybrids and phase shift networks are described.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Differential effects of three interferon betas on neutralising antibodies in patients with multiple sclerosis: a follow up study in an independent laboratory (2002)

The three IFNbeta preparations have different degrees of immunogenicity, with Betaferon producing the highest incidence of NABs and Avonex the lowest. These differences should be considered by neurologists when selecting treatment for their patients with MS because NABs can reduce both bioavailability and clinical efficacy of IFNbeta.
Heterogenous database integration in a physician workstation. (1991)

We discuss the integration of a variety of data and information sources in a Physician Workstation (PWS), focusing on the integration of data from DHCP, the Veteran Administration's Distributed Hospital Computer Program. We designed a logically centralized, object-oriented data-schema, used by end users and applications to explore the data accessible through an object-oriented database using a declarative query language. We emphasize the use of procedural abstraction to transparently integrate a variety of information sources into the data schema.
Assessment of a mutation in the H5 domain of Girk2 as a candidate for the weaver mutation. (1995)

A mutation in the GIRK2 inwardly rectifying K+ channel was mapped recently to the region of mouse chromosome 16 containing the wv gene and shown to occur in mutant but not in wild-type mice. We demonstrate tight linkage of the Girk2 mutation to the wv phenotype and refine the localization of the weaver (wv) gene on recombinational and physical maps. This linkage between Girk2 and wv has existed since at least 1988 in descendants of the original mutation maintained in C57BL/6 animals. Girk2 is shown to be transcribed in brain before the first recognized manifestation of the wv phenotype and in cultures of granule cells (GCs) isolated from cerebellum at postnatal day 8. Wild-type GCs grown in this culture system display an important developmental property--the ability to extend neurites. However, no inwardly rectifying K+ current is detected in GCs cultured from either wv/wv or +/+ cerebellum under a variety of conditions that activate related channels in other tissues. This suggests that if the Girk2 mutation is responsible for the wv phenotype, it does not act by altering these electrical properties of developing GCs.
Total synthesis and absolute configuration of bengamide A (1992)

N. Chida, T. Tobe, S. Okada and S. Ogawa, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., 1992, 1064 DOI: 10.1039/C39920001064
Inhibition of HIV-1 Infection in Ex Vivo Cervical Tissue Model of Human Vagina by Palmitic Acid; Implications for a Microbicide Development (2011)

These results demonstrate utility of PA as a model molecule for further preclinical development of a safe and potent HIV-1 entry microbicide inhibitor.
CHROMOSOMAL RECEPTOR FOR A VITAMIN D METABOLITE (1969)

Evidence has been presented for the existence of an acidic protein(s) or protein portion of a more complex molecule which has a high affinity for binding noncovalently a biologically active metabolite of vitamin D. This molecule could be solubilized from the residual chromatin via treatment with either 0.3 M KCl or high pH and has been purified 167-fold over the crude mucosa homogenate. Characterization of the still crude receptor fraction showed that it contains significant amounts of RNA and that it may exist in multiple forms, i.e., a 50,000-70,000 and a >200,000 molecular weight species. The binding capacity of the receptor fraction for the metabolite is saturated after administration of a physiological dose of the parent vitamin D.