gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of Pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine Analogues: “Pyridine Ring” Analogues of Pemetrexed (2009)

Two analogues of pemetrexed with its phenyl ring replaced with pyridine ring as novel anticancer agents were synthesized.Preliminary in vitro evaluation indicated that replacement of the phenyl moiety of pemetrexed by the pyridine ring with the 6-5 bicyclic ring system showed low cytotoxicity, that departs from the findings with antifolates bearing 6-6 bicyclic ring system.Pemetrexed (LY231514, 1) is a novel 6-5 bicyclic pyrrolo [2,3-d]pyrimidine antifolate that shows remarkable activity against a broad spectrum of solid tumors.Pemetrexed was approved as a multitargeted antifolate (MTA) by FDA in 2004 for the treatment of malignant pleural mesothelioma in combination with cisplatin and as a single-agent in the treatment of non-small-cell lung cancer. 1 The clinical success of pemetrexed has generated renewed interest in the design and synthesis of antifolates that function as multi-inhibitors for folate-dependent enzymes. 2, 3 Antifolates bearing classical 6-6 bicyclic ring system, such as pteridine, deazapteridine and quinazoline, could tolerate changes in phenyl group in some extent without the loss of cytotoxic potency. 4It is of interests to further explore the effect of change of phenyl ring with other ring system, such as pyridine in pemetrexed, while retain its 6-5 bicyclic pyrrolo [2,3-d]pyrimidine moiety.We describe herein the synthesis and biological activity of two close structural analogues of pemetrexed with the substitution of phenyl ring by pyridine, 2-amino-4-oxo-5-substituted-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine (2a) and 2,4-diamino-5-substituted-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine (2b).
Visual and Motor Experiences of Handwriting Independently Contribute to Gains in Visual Recognition (2018)

Handwriting, as a learning method, has been shown to be particularly effective at increasing letter recognition, yet we do not know why handwriting has this effect. We hypothesized that the coordination between the motor and visual experiences that is inherent to the act of producing a letter by hand contributes to the development of dynamic representations for letters, representations of the letter unfolding, that play a role in letter recognition. One hundred college-aged participants were taught novel symbols in particular stroke orders. Training occurred within-participants and included writing with ink, writing without ink, watching an experimenter write with ink, and watching an experimenter write without ink. Participants were then shown the learned symbols as well as unlearned symbols unfolding, stroke-by-stroke, in both learned and unlearned stroke orders, and asked to perform a recognition judgment. We predicted that recognition would be most efficient for symbols presented in the learned stroke order and, further, that writing with ink would result in the most efficient recognition. We found that participants more readily recognized symbols when presented in learned stroke orders, but found that the visual experiences and motor experiences that occurred through handwriting contributed independently to the formation of these dynamic representations. Our results indicate that one way that handwriting increases letter recognition is through the formation of dynamic representations for letters and, surprisingly, that these dynamic representations can be established by experiencing the motor action without the visual percept, and vice versa. Handwritings' effectiveness may, therefore, reside in the fact that handwriting provides both motor and visual experiences, each of which would be effective on their own. Meeting abstract presented at VSS 2018
Antisense oligonucleotides to Syk kinase: a novel therapeutic approach for respiratory disorders. (2003)

The non-receptor protein tyrosine kinase Syk plays a critical role in intracellular signaling in the inflammatory response. Specific inhibition of Syk using aerosolized antisense delivered in liposome complexes can significantly decrease inflammatory responses in the airways in experimental animal models. Thus, it is tempting to examine local application of Syk antisense for the treatment of inflammatory respiratory diseases as asthma. However, evidence that Syk kinase is more widely distributed in different cell types than previously recognized, as well as its potential involvement in cell differentiation, adhesion and proliferation, dictates that the precise cellular targets for antisense therapy in the airways must be determined. Given the critical role of Syk in intracellular signaling in inflammatory responses, Syk antisense oligonucleotides (InKine Pharmaceutical Co Inc) may prove useful as anti-inflammatory therapy in disorders such as asthma.
Erythroblasts secrete the nonclassical HLA-G molecule from primitive to definitive hematopoiesis (2004)

The initial steps of primitive hematopoiesis and endothelial vascular formation in the human embryo remain to be defined. Here, we report the identification of a novel marker, namely the nonclassical HLA-G class I molecule, which targets both primitive erythroid cells of the yolk sac and endothelial cells from developing vessels. Moreover, HLA-G was present in its soluble form in the erythropoietic lineage in all organs sustaining primitive to definitive erythropoiesis (ie, aorta-gonad-mesonephros, liver, spleen, and bone marrow). The alternatively spliced transcript coding the soluble HLA-G5 molecule was detected in erythroid cells. The corresponding intron 4-retaining 37-kDa HLA-G5 isoform was secreted from the erythroid progenitor stage to the reticulocyte but was lost in mature erythrocytes and in endothelial cells from differentiated vessels. This study constitutes the first description of an HLA class I antigen expression on the primitive erythroid lineage and provides a way of seeking both primitive and definitive erythropoiesis using HLA-G5. This new marker, previously known by its immunotolerogeneic properties, may be involved in erythroid differentiation, angiogenesis, or both.
Model-Based Comparison of Deep Brain Stimulation Array Functionality with Varying Number of Radial Electrodes and Machine Learning Feature Sets (2016)

Deep brain stimulation (DBS) leads with radially distributed electrodes have potential to improve clinical outcomes through more selective targeting of pathways and networks within the brain. However, increasing the number of electrodes on clinical DBS leads by replacing conventional cylindrical shell electrodes with radially distributed electrodes raises practical design and stimulation programming challenges. We used computational modeling to investigate: (1) how the number of radial electrodes impact the ability to steer, shift, and sculpt a region of neural activation (RoA), and (2) which RoA features are best used in combination with machine learning classifiers to predict programming settings to target a particular area near the lead. Stimulation configurations were modeled using 27 lead designs with one to nine radially distributed electrodes. The computational modeling framework consisted of a three-dimensional finite element tissue conductance model in combination with a multi-compartment biophysical axon model. For each lead design, two-dimensional threshold-dependent RoAs were calculated from the computational modeling results. The models showed more radial electrodes enabled finer resolution RoA steering; however, stimulation amplitude, and therefore spatial extent of the RoA, was limited by charge injection and charge storage capacity constraints due to the small electrode surface area for leads with more than four radially distributed electrodes. RoA shifting resolution was improved by the addition of radial electrodes when using uniform multi-cathode stimulation, but non-uniform multi-cathode stimulation produced equivalent or better resolution shifting without increasing the number of radial electrodes. Robust machine learning classification of 15 monopolar stimulation configurations was achieved using as few as three geometric features describing a RoA. The results of this study indicate that, for a clinical-scale DBS lead, more than four radial electrodes minimally improved in the ability to steer, shift, and sculpt axonal activation around a DBS lead and a simple feature set consisting of the RoA center of mass and orientation enabled robust machine learning classification. These results provide important design constraints for future development of high-density DBS arrays.
Identification of nitrohexane in corn treated with nitrous acid (1979)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTIdentification of nitrohexane in corn treated with nitrous acidThomsen J. Hansen, Michael C. Archer, and Steven R. TannenbaumCite this: J. Agric. Food Chem. 1979, 27, 5, 1072–1075Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1979Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1979https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jf60225a044https://doi.org/10.1021/jf60225a044research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views36Altmetric-Citations3LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Heschel's Legacy for the Politics of the Twenty-First Century (2009)

Journal Article Heschel's Legacy for the Politics of the Twenty-First Century Get access Michael Lerner Michael Lerner RabbiLerner@tikkun.org Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Modern Judaism - A Journal of Jewish Ideas and Experience, Volume 29, Issue 1, February 2009, Pages 34–43, https://doi.org/10.1093/mj/kjn024 Published: 02 March 2009
Real ray tracing (2008)

The act of image formation in our present understanding consists of reformatting diverging wavefronts from a source (object) to converging spherical wavefronts moving toward image points in the image plane. The transfer of wavefronts through an optical system can be done most easily, as has been accomplished so far, by the use of ray tracing. The tracing of rays through an optical system is determined purely by geometrical considerations and trigonometry. The assumptions made in ray tracing through an optical system are:
Miscibility behavior of syndiotactic and atactic polystyrene (1997)

Abstract Blends of atactic and syndiotactic polystyrene have a single composition dependent glass transition temperature. This does not confirm the miscibility of both polymers, however, unambiguously because there is only a small difference of 10°C in the glass transition temperatures of both neat polymers. Diffusion measurements of syndiotactic polystyrene and deuterated atactic polystyrene using the nuclear reaction D( 3 He,α)p confirm at least partial miscibility of both components. The average diffusion coefficient at 190°C is 2.3 ± 0.2 × 10 −15 cm 2 /s.
Polymerisation and block copolymerisation of cyclic sulphides (1971)

Abstract The organolithium‐initiated ring‐opening polymerisation of cyclic sulphides in polar, aprotic solvents was investigated. It was found that at −78°C thiiranes are attacked at the sulphur atom by the carbanion of the organolithium. This reaction is followed by elimination of an olefin and formation of a lithium alkylthiolate. The polymerisation reaction then involves bimolecular nucleophilic displacement at a carbon atom of the monomer by the propagating thiolate. Similarly, the initiation of the thietanes takes place through reaction of the carbanion at the sulphur atom. This is followed by ring‐opening and the formation of a new carbanion rather than the thiolate‐lithium species. The homopolymerisation of thiiranes and thietanes is essentially free of termination and chain‐transfer reactions. Thus, it is possible to prepare polythioethers of well‐defined molecular characteristics. In addition, block polymers of poly‐α‐methylstyrene‐poly(propylene sulphide)‐poly‐α‐methylstyrene were synthesised using phosgene to couple the active lithium thiolate chain ends. Molecular weight measurements and gel permeation chromatograms indicate that block polymers were prepared possessing predictable molecular weights and narrow molecular weight distributions. Several other block polymers involving cyclic sulphides were also synthesised.
Optimal Transit Fare and Frequency under Distributed Passengers' Willingness to Pay (2015)

Fare and frequency determination is essential in transit operations. In this paper, passenger demand is analyzed upon users' aggregate willingness to pay. Endogenous factors and exogenous factors that influence passenger demand can thus be separated. The attributes of potential passenger behaviors can also be characterized in the demand function. We obtain the closed-form first best optimal solutions of transit fare and frequency in the aim of the transit operator's objective with a weighted combination of operator's profit and consumer surplus. The optimal frequency is consistent with the famous "square root formula". With operating costs of serving a marginal passenger being omitted, the optimal fare will be zero when maximizing social welfare. Second best solutions and motivations for subsidization are briefly discussed. A case study of rapid transit service is demonstrated.
Vapor Sensing Using Conjugated Molecule‐Linked Au Nanoparticles in a Silica Matrix (2008)

Cross‐linked assemblies of nanoparticles are of great value as chemiresistor‐type sensors. Herein, we report a simple method to fabricate a chemiresistor‐type sensor that minimizes the swelling transduction mechanism while optimizing the change in dielectric response. Sensors prepared with this methodology showed enhanced chemoselectivity for phosphonates which are useful surrogates for chemical weapons. Chemoselective sensors were fabricated using an aqueous solution of gold nanoparticles that were then cross‐linked in the presence of the silica precursor, tetraethyl orthosilicate with the α ‐, ω ‐dithiolate (which is derived from the in situ deprotection of 1,4‐di(Phenylethynyl‐4 ′ ,4 ″ ‐diacetylthio)‐benzene ( 1 ) with wet triethylamine). The cross‐linked nanoparticles and silica matrix were drop coated onto interdigitated electrodes having 8 μ m spacing. Samples were exposed to a series of analytes including dimethyl methylphosphonate (DMMP), octane, and toluene. A limit of detection was obtained for each analyte. Sensors assembled in this fashion were more sensitive to dimethyl methylphosphonate than to octane by a factor of 1000.
Self-Supervised Visual Representation Learning via Residual Momentum (2022)

Self-supervised learning (SSL) approaches have shown promising capabilities in learning the representation from unlabeled data. Amongst them, momentum-based frameworks have attracted significant attention. Despite being a great success, these momentum-based SSL frameworks suffer from a large gap in representation between the online encoder (student) and the momentum encoder (teacher), which hinders performance on downstream tasks. This paper is the first to investigate and identify this invisible gap as a bottleneck that has been overlooked in the existing SSL frameworks, potentially preventing the models from learning good representation. To solve this problem, we propose "residual momentum" to directly reduce this gap to encourage the student to learn the representation as close to that of the teacher as possible, narrow the performance gap with the teacher, and significantly improve the existing SSL. Our method is straightforward, easy to implement, and can be easily plugged into other SSL frameworks. Extensive experimental results on numerous benchmark datasets and diverse network architectures have demonstrated the effectiveness of our method over the state-of-the-art contrastive learning baselines.
Epidermoid Carcinoma of the Lip After Renal Transplantation (1971)

There is evidence that the immunologic system provides a "surveillance" function<sup>1</sup>by which neoplastic cells are identified and either eliminated or restricted. Tumorspecific antigens identify the cells as foreign. Patients on immunosuppressive therapy might not recognize these antigens and, thus, have a greater risk of neoplasia. This theoretical consideration has support in the study of McKhann,<sup>2</sup>who found an incidence of malignancy "de novo" in patients who had renal transplants of 13:2000. He compared this with an incidence of 8.2:100,000 in the population at large under the age of 40 years. Several reports of malignancy (lymphomas and carcinomas) in renal homotransplants have been published,<sup>2-11</sup>and in these instances, it was possible to rule out transplanted neoplasia which has also been described.<sup>12-17</sup>The following is a description of two instances of carcinoma of the lower lip in renal homotransplant recipients. <h3>Patient Summaries</h3><h3>Patient 1.</h3> —A 27-year-old man
Computational challenges for modeling and simulating biomacromolecular assemblies (2006)

Understanding the structure and dynamics of large biomolecular assemblies requires the development of new computational methods for (i) accurate structure prediction, (ii) molecular docking and (iii) long time-frame molecular simulation, and implementation on massively parallel computing infrastructure. This paper reviews our progress in these areas and applications on important molecular systems.
An open-loop flow control scheme based on the accurate global information of on-chip communication (2008)

3D stacked memory is being adopted as a promising solution to offer high bandwidth and low latency in memory access. Compared with the on-chip network design with conventional off-chip memory, it gives a new problem of minimizing communication conflicts since multiple concurrent high bandwidth data transfers will flow through the on-chip network. In order to tackle this problem, we propose applying an open-loop flow control scheme based on the accurate global information (destination and status) of on-chip communication. The proposed open-loop flow control scheme exploits the information and selectively buffers and arbitrates data transfers to remove conflicts at destinations in a preventive manner. As an implementation of the presented scheme, we present on-chip buffers called Buf3D's that share the global information with each other to perform the selective buffering and arbitration of data transfers. Experiments with synthetic test cases and an industrial strength DTV design show that the proposed method improves aggregate memory bandwidth significantly (average 19.0%~25.8% in the synthetic cases and up to 18.4% in the DTV case) with a small area overhead (15.2% in the DTV case) of on-chip network.
Two-photon imaging of pancreatic beta cells in real time in vivo (2016)

Here we present the first generation of two-photon beta cell specific in vivo imaging probes based on GLP1R targeting peptides. Among the three compounds of potential interest, we found quite unexpectedly that a squarine-rotaxane conjugate (2PEx-647) had near ideal in vivo imaging characteristics.
Effect of Pb(II) on the Morphology of Platinum Electrodeposited on Highly Oriented Pyrolytic Graphite (1999)

Platinum films electrodeposited from 10 mM H2PtCl6 have been probed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and ex situ scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) to examine morphological changes produced when Pb(II) is added to the deposition solution. Deposition was carried out potentiostatically at −250 and −1000 mV (vs Ag/AgCl) from solutions containing three different Pb(II) concentrations: 0, 0.05, and 0.4 mM. The presence of Pb(II) produced an extremely rough, spiky morphology on the nanometer scale and suppressed dendritic aggregation on the micrometer scale. These observations are interpreted in terms of Pb(II) counteracting enhanced surface diffusion of Pt atoms resulting from interaction between them and chloride ions at the solution/electrode interface.
Further analysis of aluminum alloying for the formation of p+ regions in silicon solar cells (2011)

We present a detailed study on the formation of full-area screen-printed aluminum-alloyed p+ emitters and back surface fields for n- and p-type silicon solar cells, respectively. We have investigated the structural properties of agglomerated Al-doped p+ Si regions which exhibit serious lateral thickness inhomogeneities. We refined an existing simple model based on wetting phenomena for the formation of agglomerated Al-p+ regions. According to the model, the thickness inhomogeneities are caused by the contraction of the Al-Si melt during alloying, leading to enhanced and decelerated Si recrystallization in the regions of melt accumulation and depletion, respectively. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the melt contraction can be delayed by carefully choosing adequate alloying conditions. In particular, agglomerations are avoided by increasing the printed Al paste amount or decreasing the peak temperature time or peak temperature, thus enabling a more flexible fabrication of Si solar cells with Al-alloyed rear side.
HIGH GRADIENT MAGNETIC SEPARATION OF CELLS (1981)

Conference Abstract| April 01 1981 HIGH GRADIENT MAGNETIC SEPARATION OF CELLS Charles S. Owen Charles S. Owen 1Department of Biochemistry, Philadelphia, Pa. 19107, U.S.A. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Biochem Soc Trans (1981) 9 (2): 209P. https://doi.org/10.1042/bst009209pb Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Cite Icon Cite Get Permissions Citation Charles S. Owen; HIGH GRADIENT MAGNETIC SEPARATION OF CELLS. Biochem Soc Trans 1 April 1981; 9 (2): 209P. doi: https://doi.org/10.1042/bst009209pb Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll JournalsBiochemical Society Transactions Search Advanced Search This content is only available as a PDF. © 1981 Biochemical Society1981 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
Highly Selective Room-Temperature Copper-Catalyzed C−N Coupling Reactions (2006)

Through the use of cyclic beta-diketones as supporting ligands, the copper-catalyzed coupling of aryl iodides with aliphatic amines occurs at room temperature in as little as 1 h. These high reaction rates allow for the coupling of a wide range of aryl and heteroaryl iodides at room temperature. This method is highly tolerant of a number of reactive functional groups, including -Br and aromatic -NH2 as well as phenolic and aliphatic -OH. The high selectivity of the CuI-beta-diketone catalyst for aliphatic amines represents a useful complement to the palladium-based methods.