gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Parametric Analysis versus Intuition - Assessment of the effectiveness of design expertise (2019)

This paper explores through professional case studies how design solutions produced by expert teams compares to those developed through systematic parametric analysis. While the expert intuition of either single designer or teams helps to rapidly identify relevant aspects of the design problem and produce viable solutions, it has limitation to address multi-criteria design problems with conflicting objectives and searching for design alternatives. On the other hand, parametric analysis techniques in combination with data analysis methods helps to construct and analyze large design spaces of potential design solutions. For the purpose of this study, the specifications of geometric features and material properties of the building envelopes proposed by the expert design teams define the base line to measure the extent of the performance improvements of two typically conflicting objectives: Daylight quality and energy consumption. The results show consistently significant performance improvement after systematic optimization.
Platonic beasts: a new family of multilimbed robots (2002)

Describes class of spherically symmetric, high degree of freedom robots called "platonic beasts". A robot in this family is kinematically equivalent to a symmetric polyhedron, such as one of the platonic solids, with identical multi-purpose limbs attached to its vertices. The symmetry and regularity of the design have several advantages including robustness to toppling, novel gaits such as the rolling gait, and fault tolerance. The authors describe the design, simulation, and construction of a prototype platonic beast robot that the authors have built in their lab. The robot has four limbs, each with three degrees of freedom, and is controlled by a network of four embedded 32-bit microcontrollers. The authors also discuss the general features of these robots, including locomotion using the rolling gait and the implications of its novel features.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Window-based, discontinuity preserving stereo (2004)

Traditionally, the problem of stereo matching has been addressed either by a local window-based approach or a dense pixel-based approach using global optimization. In this paper we present an algorithm which combines window-based local matching into a global optimization framework. Our local matching algorithm assumes that local windows can have at most two disparities. Under this assumption, the local matching can be performed very efficiently using graph cuts. The global matching is formulated as minimization of an energy term that takes into account the matching constraints induced by the local stereo algorithm. Fast, approximate minimization of this energy is achieved through graph cuts. The key feature of our algorithm is that it preserves discontinuities both during the local as well as global matching phase.
Circulating MicroRNA Are Predictive of Aging and Acute Adaptive Response to Resistance Exercise in Men (2016)

Circulating microRNA (c-miRNA) have the potential to function as novel noninvasive markers of the underlying physiological state of skeletal muscle. This investigation sought to determine the influence of aging on c-miRNA expression at rest and following resistance exercise in male volunteers (Young: n = 9; Older: n = 9). Primary findings were that fasting c-miRNA expression profiles were significantly predictive of aging, with miR-19b-3p, miR-206, and miR-486 distinguishing between age groups. Following resistance exercise, principal component analysis revealed a divergent response in expression of 10 c-miRNA, where expression profiles were upregulated in younger and downregulated in older participants. Using Ingenuity Pathway Analysis to test c-miRNA-to-mRNA interactions in skeletal muscle, it was found that response of c-miRNA to exercise was indicative of an anabolic response in younger but not older participants. These findings were corroborated with a positive association observed with the phosphorylation status of p-AktSer473 and p-S6K1Thr389 and expression of miR-19a-3p, miR-19b-3p, miR-20a-5p, miR-26b-5p, miR-143-3p, and miR-195-5p. These important findings provide compelling evidence that dysregulation of c-miRNA expression with aging may not only serve as a predictive marker, but also reflect underlying molecular mechanisms resulting in age-associated declines in skeletal muscle mass, increased fat mass, and "anabolic resistance."
Notes on Wind-Related Growth Patterns of Paramo Plants in Venezuela (1972)

In the paramo (tundra) of the Venezuelan Andes, persistent northeast winds, even though gentle, are correlated with distinctive plant growth patterns. A brittle-leaved, stiff-branched shrub (Hesperomeles) develops wind-swept forms, apparently because the wind snaps off leaves. Shrubs with flexible stems and leaves (Hypericum) are not generally injured by the wind, but flowering on the windward side of such shrubs may occur a month later than on the leeward side. Plants with flexible but extremely dense foliage, e.g., Aciachne, a cushion grass, apparently filter moisture from the fog-laden wind during the wet season; because of this process, clones of Aciachne grow in ribbons toward the prevailing wind. ALTHOUGH THERE IS a large body of literature on the tundra ecosystems of temperate mountains and the Arctic (Billings and Mooney 1968), comparatively little is known about the ecology of the pairamo of the northern Andes. In the Venezuelan Andes (90 N), the tree line occurs between 2700 and 3200 m, depending on exposure and human interference. The upper limit of plant life occurs at about 4880 m (Vareschi 1956). Discussions of the vegetation and plant ecology of the Venezuelan paramo have been presented by Cuatrecasas (1968) and Vareschi (1953, 1956, 1958). The Venezuelan pairamo is characterized by daily fog and rain during the wet season (April to October), and there is little sunshine after 10:00 a.m. During the dry season, there is often high solar radiation for much of the day, much less fog, and very little precipitation. Each of the wettest months receives 120-150 mm of precipitation; mean monthly precipitation during the dry season ranges from 5-10 mm. Annual precipitation varies from 750 to 1200 mm, depending on exposure and elevation. Mean maximum temperature at Mucubaji (3550 m) is 8.40 C; mean minimum temperature is 1.30 C. Mean temperatures decrease approximately 0.70 C for every 100 m rise in elevation. Mean wind speed early in the morning and at night,at 3550 m (Mucubaji) is about 5 km/hour. During the afternoon, mean wind speed rises to 13 or 14 km/hour. Wind speed is slightly higher in the wet season than in the dry season. Gentle northeast winds are a nearly constant factor in the environment during the wet season. Violent winds are rare, except on the highest peaks, such as Pico Espejo (4765 m). These climatic data are taken from Nieto and Garcia (1968). The gentleness of pairamo winds is evidenced by the presence of tall, columnar rosette plants of Espeletia spp. These may grow to over 2 m tall on even the most exposed ridges (fig. IA). The wooly leaves of the terminal rosette are retained on the stem for years, forming a coat 1-2 dm thick. No obvious differential weathering on windward versus leeward sides was noted for these sheaths of dead leaves. It is apparent, however, that for other plant forms, even the gentle p-aramo winds do induce distinctive growth patterns.
Effects of High Proton Fluences on CZT Detectors (2009)

The effects of high fluences of energetic charged particles on CdZnTecrystals and detectors including reactions within space and nuclear nonproliferation.
B lymphocytes in vivo fail to prime naive T cells but can stimulate antigen-experienced T lymphocytes. (1993)

The ability of B cells or macrophages and dendritic cells (DC) to elicit class II-restricted T cell responses in vivo was compared using a mouse chimera model. Severe combined immunodeficient (SCID) mice (H-2d), reconstituted either with T or T+B lymphocytes from (H-2d x H-2b) donors, were immunized subcutaneously with protein antigen (Ag) to induce a class II-restricted T cell response. The frequency and major histocompatibility complex restriction of the resulting Ag-specific T cells were analyzed to establish whether B cells were necessary for the induction of class II-restricted T cell responses, and to determine the cell type on which priming had occurred. The results indicated that: (a) B cells are not necessary for the induction of a class II-restricted T cell response in vivo, as the frequencies of interleukin 2 (IL-2)- or IL-3-secreting T cells induced in the presence or absence of B cells were comparable. (b) Activation of naive T cells requires presentation of Ag on DC; Ag presented only on B cells is not sufficient to elicit a response. No H-2b-restricted, IL-3-secreting cells could in fact be detected in SCID mice reconstituted with naive (H-2d x H-2b) T cells and nonimmune or antigen-primed (H-2d x H-2b) B cells. (c) Previously primed T cells are able to be stimulated by Ag presented by both B cells and DC. H-2b-restricted, IL-3-secreting cells could in fact be readily demonstrated in SCID mice reconstituted with antigen-primed (H-2d x H-2b) T and B cells. Irrespective of whether the T cells were naive or previously activated, B cells were able to respond with an Ag-specific immunoglobulin G response, indicating that B cells were functional and able to present Ag in order to receive specific T cell help. Therefore, it appears that B cells are not necessary and do not participate in the initial priming of T cells; however, Ag presented by B cells can reactivate previously primed T cells. Taken together, these data indicate that during the course of an immune response Ag is first presented to naive T cells via DC, and only subsequently primed T cells can be stimulated by Ag presented by B cells.
Podosphaera (sect. Sphaerotheca) xanthii (Castagne) U. Brawn y N. Shishkoff en Cucurbitáceas en el Norte de Sinaloa, México (2005)

Powdery mildew is one of the most important diseases in cucurbits in northern Sinaloa, Mexico. Regional literature refers to Golovinomyces cichoracearum (formerly known as Erysiphe cichoracearum) as the causal agent of the disease, but there is no research done to support this statement. The objective of this work was to identify the causal agent of the disease. Sixty samples of cucurbits with symptoms of powdery mildew represented by several genotypes of squash, cucumber, watermelon, melon and bottle gourd (Lagenaria siceraria) were collected in the region from 2000 to 2004. All samples presented simple conidiophores, with chains of 2-7 conidia and crenate margins. Conidia were primarily ovoid with fibrosin bodies and formed short and robust germ tubes; some forked germ tubes were also observed; turgid conidia under the scanning electron microscope displayed a smooth to slightly undulated outer wall, and the pattern of septa (end wall) exhibited slight concentric ridges; conidia partly collapsed produced predominantly longitudinal wrinkling, although transverse wrinkling was also observed. The sexual state was found only in squash and cucumber and consisted on spherical cleistothecia with septate myceliod appendages; each cleistothecium produced only one hyaline and ovoid ascus. The morphology and measurements of both asexual and sexual structures coincide with those of Podosphaera (sect. Sphaerotheca) xanthii (formerly known as Sphaerotheca fusca and S. fuliginea) reported in other cucurbit growing areas in the world. G. cichoracearum was not found in the samples collected during this study.
Noxious pain fibers drive interleukin-23 mediated psoriasiform skin inflammation (CCR6P.275) (2014)

Abstract To protect against invading pathogens, the skin harbors specialized immune cells, including dermal dendritic cells (dDCs) and T cells, such as IL-17 producing γδT cells (γδT17) whose aberrant activation by IL-23 can provoke psoriasis-like inflammation. The skin is also innervated by peripheral nerves consisting of autonomic and sensory fibers. Interactions between the autonomic nervous system and immune cells in lymphoid organs are known to contribute to systemic immunity, but how peripheral nerves regulate cutaneous immune responses remains unclear. Here, we have exposed the skin of mice to, imiquimod (IMQ), which induces IL-23 dependent psoriasis-like inflammation. We show that a subset of TRPV1+ NaV1.8+ pain fibers is essential to drive this inflammatory response. Imaging of intact skin revealed that a large fraction of dDCs, the principal source of IL-23, is in close contact with pain fibers. Upon selective pharmacological or genetic ablation of nociceptors, dDCs failed to produce IL-23 in IMQ exposed skin. Consequently, the local production of IL-23 dependent inflammatory cytokines by dermal γδT17 cells and the subsequent recruitment of inflammatory cells to the skin were dramatically reduced. Intradermal injection of IL-23 bypassed the requirement for nociceptor communication with dDC and restored the inflammatory response. These findings indicate that nociceptors, by interacting with dDCs, regulate the IL-23/IL-17 pathway and control dermal immune responses.
Synthesis and paratropicity of heteroatom-bridged [17]annulenones (1973)

Syntheses of 2,5 : 8,11 : 14,17-triepoxy[17]annulenone (2) by three methods are described. The first method involved Perkin-type condensation between 2,2′-bis-5-formylfuryl ketone (6) and furan-2,5-diacetic acid (7) and subsequent transformations. The second method involved Wittig reaction between (6) and furan-2,5-diyldimethylenebis(triphenylphosphonium chloride)(9). The third method, that preferred, used the Wittig reaction between carbonyldi(furan-2,5-diyl)dimethylenebis(triphenylphosphonium chloride)(15) and furan-2,5-dicarbaldehyde (16). Similarly the Wittig reaction of (1 5) and pyrrole-2,5-dicarbaldehyde (19) gave 8,11 -epimino-2,5 : 14,17-diepoxy[17]annulenone (1), and between (6) and thiophen-2,5-dimethylenebis(triphenylphosphonium chloride)(24) gave 2,5 : 14,17-diepoxy-8,11-epithio[17]annulenone (3). Lithium aluminium hydride–aluminium chloride reduction of annulenones (1)–(3) gave 7,10-epimino-1,4 : 13,16-diepoxycycloheptadeca-1,3,5,7,9,11,13,15-octaene (30), 1,4 : 7,10 : 13,16-triepoxycycloheptadeca-1,3,5,7,9,11,13,15-octaene (31), and 1,4 : 13,16-diepoxy-7,10-epithiocycloheptadeca-1,3,5,7,9,11,13,15-octaene (32). The paratropicity of (1)–(3) is discussed in terms of (30)–(32). as model systems. Reduction of (2) and (3) followed by methylation of the resultant alcohols gave 17-methoxy-1,4 : 7,10 : 13,16-triepoxycycloheptadeca-1,3,5,7,9,11,13,15-octaene (39) and the 7,10-epithioanalogue (40). The methyl ether (39) appeared to be paratropic.
Radioactive Gold for the Intracavitary Treatment of Carcinoma of the Cervix (1955)

The purpose of this paper is to describe an attempt to increase the dose of radiation delivered to the parametria for the treatment of carcinoma of the cervix. The generally accepted method of radiation therapy for carcinoma of the cervix consists in combining the radiation from a series of intrauterine and vaginal radium sources with external irradiation of the lateral pelvis. While this method delivers an adequate dose of radiation to the local lesion, the dose to the parametrial tissues is frequently insufficient to control cancer in that area. In the attempt to raise the parametrial dose of radiation to a cancerocidal level, excessive irradiation and injury to the rectum, the bladder, and the paracervical triangles may occur. The vast amount of accumulated clinical experience places the tolerance of the rectum and the bladder in the neighborhood of 6,000 r and that of the paracervical triangles at approximately 9,000 r, when the irradiation is protracted over a period of about four weeks. The radiation tolerance of the cervix and the vaginal mucosa are considerably higher, probably of the order of 20,000 r. Consequently they do not represent a serious limitation to the amount of radium which can be placed in the vagina. Furthermore, the radiation-sensitive organs lie anterior and posterior, and above the vagina. Most conventional technics of radium therapy exploit this situation by placing the vaginal radium applicator in the lateral fornices as far as possible from the midline by distending the vagina laterally. This increases the distance between the radium sources and the rectum and bladder and brings the radium closer to the node-bearing areas. The radiation thus delivered is usually supplemented by the contribution of a series of radium sources placed in the uterine canal. Keeping within tolerance of the normal structures, such a distribution of radium applied under the best anatomical circumstances, i.e., a large distensible vagina, will deliver a maximum of approximately 3,000 r to the Manchester point “B” (1, 2). Another possible approach to the problem of protecting the bladder and rectum was investigated by Neary (3), who developed a radium applicator suitably shielded to cast a desirable protective shadow. Unfortunately, the high energy of the radiation emitted by radium requires a rather thick shield even of the heaviest metal. As a result, it is necessary to use a bulky applicator which fits only the roomiest vaginas, thus restricting the versatility of the instrument. It seemed reasonable, therefore, to explore the possibility of replacing the radium by a radioactive element emitting a lower energy radiation requiring less heavy shielding. This suggestion was mentioned by Neary and studied by Tudway (4).
An architecture for recycling intermediates in a column-store (2009)

Automatically recycling (intermediate) results is a grand challenge for state-of-the-art databases to improve both query response time and throughput. Tuples are loaded and streamed through a tuple-at-a-time processing pipeline avoiding materialization of intermediates as much as possible. This limits the opportunities for reuse of overlapping computations to DBA-defined materialized views and function/result cache tuning.
Spatial Focusing and Intersymbol Interference in Multiple-Input–Single-Output Time Reversal Communication Systems (2008)

In this paper, we study a multiple-input-single-output (MISO) underwater communication system that applies time reversal (TR) to transmit signals so that they focus spatially and compress temporally on the intended receiver. Our simulations model an underwater acoustic channel as a waveguide, and we investigate the cases of a waveguide both with and without random inhomogeneities. We investigate physical TR metrics and communications related performance indicators. The results of our simulations show that spatial focusing depends strongly on the delay spread <b xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">(</b> <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">DS</i> <b xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">)</b> , as has been seen in experiments. This physical property of TR could be exploited in communication systems where signal coherence is desired only at the receiver location. However, in the simulations, we find that while spatial compression increases with <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">DS</i> in a robust way (i.e., even when inhomogeneities exist), time compression does not increase with <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">DS</i> . Moreover, physical measures of the temporal compression (temporal peak-to-sidelobe ratio) do not improve with waveguide inhomogeneities. Nevertheless, TR <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">reduces</i> intersymbol interference (ISI) at the receiver as <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">DS</i> increases for both types of waveguides, which is an important effect for efficient, high-speed communication. In addition to TR, preequalization at the transmitter can ideally eliminate ISI without significantly affecting spatial compression. However, this preequalization causes a reduction of received power, which may be acceptable when the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) at the receiver is high.
Quantifying natural delta variability using a multiple-point geostatistics prior uncertainty model (2018)

We address the question of quantifying uncertainty associated with autogenic pattern variability in a channelized transport system by means of a modern geostatistical method. This question has considerable relevance for practical subsurface applications as well, particularly those related to uncertainty quantification relying on Bayesian approaches. Specifically, we show how the autogenic variability in a laboratory experiment can be represented and reproduced by a multiple-point geostatistical prior uncertainty model. The latter geostatistical method requires selection of a limited set of training images from which a possibly infinite set of geostatistical model realizations, mimicking the training image patterns, can be generated. To that end, we investigate two methods to determine how many training images and what training should be provided to reproduce natural autogenic variability. The first method relies on distance-based clustering of overhead snapshots of the experiment; the second method relies on a rate of change quantification by means of a computer vision algorithm termed the demon algorithm. We show quantitatively that, with either training image selection method, we can statistically reproduce the natural variability of the delta formed in the experiment. In addition, we study the nature of the patterns represented in the set of training images as a representation of the "eigen-patterns‟ of the natural system. The eigen-pattern in the training image sets display patterns consistent with previous physical interpretations of the fundamental modes of this type of delta system: a highly channelized, incisional mode; a poorly channelized, depositional mode; and an intermediate mode between the two.
Identification of a multienzyme complex for glucose metabolism in living cells (2017)

Sequential metabolic enzymes in glucose metabolism have long been hypothesized to form multienzyme complexes that regulate glucose flux in living cells. However, it has been challenging to directly observe these complexes and their functional roles in living systems. In this work, we have used wide-field and confocal fluorescence microscopy to investigate the spatial organization of metabolic enzymes participating in glucose metabolism in human cells. We provide compelling evidence that human liver-type phosphofructokinase 1 (PFKL), which catalyzes a bottleneck step of glycolysis, forms various sizes of cytoplasmic clusters in human cancer cells, independent of protein expression levels and of the choice of fluorescent tags. We also report that these PFKL clusters colocalize with other rate-limiting enzymes in both glycolysis and gluconeogenesis, supporting the formation of multienzyme complexes. Subsequent biophysical characterizations with fluorescence recovery after photobleaching and FRET corroborate the formation of multienzyme metabolic complexes in living cells, which appears to be controlled by post-translational acetylation on PFKL. Importantly, quantitative high-content imaging assays indicated that the direction of glucose flux between glycolysis, the pentose phosphate pathway, and serine biosynthesis seems to be spatially regulated by the multienzyme complexes in a cluster-size-dependent manner. Collectively, our results reveal a functionally relevant, multienzyme metabolic complex for glucose metabolism in living human cells.