gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The impact of intraoperative microbreaks with exercises on surgeons: A multi-center cohort study (2016)

Recent literature has demonstrated ergonomic risk to surgeons in the operating room. One method used in other industries to mitigate these ergonomic risks is the incorporation of microbreaks. Thus, intraoperative microbreaks with exercises in a non-crossover design were studied. Fifty-six attending surgeons from 4 Medical Centers volunteered first in a day of their regular surgeries and then second day where there were microbreaks with exercises that could be performed in the sterile field, answering questions after each case, without significantly increasing the duration of their surgeries. Surgeons self-reported improvement or no change in their mental focus (88%) and physical performance (100%) for the surgical day incorporating microbreaks with exercises. Discomfort in the shoulders was significantly reduced while distractions and flow impact was minimal. Eighty-seven percent of the surgeons wanted to incorporate the microbreaks with exercises into their OR routine. Intraoperative microbreaks with exercises may be a way to mitigate work-related musculoskeletal fatigue, pain and injury.
Evaluation of Adhesives for Corneal Surgery (1968)

Methyl, n-butyl, and n-heptyl 2-cyanoacrylates and silicone adhesive (Dow Corning, Type A) were tested in animal eyes. Corneal perforations were sealed with n-butyl and n-heptyl 2-cyanoacrylates where the adhesive remained in place long enough for the tissue to heal behind it. Synthetic membranes were glued with cyanoacrylate adhesives to the corneal stroma, serving as artificial epithelium and as artificial endothelium. Using silicone adhesive, silicone rubber membranes were attached to dried corneal stroma where bonding was moderately strong even after rehydration of the cornea.
Modeling Grid Erosion in the NEXT Ion Thruster Using the CEX2D and CEX3D Codes (2022)

Abstract NASA’s Evolutionary Xenon Thruster (NEXT) is a candidate for future deep space missions that offers high efficiency and specific impulse over a large power throttling range. One of the key life-limiting components is the ion accelerator system, which is subject to sputter erosion by low energy discharge plasma ions incident on the upstream screen grid and higher energy charge exchange ions that impact the downstream accelerator grid. The grid erosion codes CEX2D and CEX3D were validated with data from tests of NEXT as well as the NSTAR ion thruster and then used to assess the time to failure due to screen grid erosion and electron backstreaming caused by accelerator grid aperture erosion. Screen grid erosion was found to be important only at the lowest throttle levels, and was conservatively estimated to lead to failure after processing over 900 kg of xenon. The first failure mode at high power levels was found to be electron backstreaming due to accelerator grid hole wall erosion, which would occur after processing over 700 kg of propellant.
UMA ANÁLISE DA DESIGUALDADE DO CRÉDITO ENTRE OS MUNICÍPIOS DO ESTADO DO RIO DE JANEIRO - 2000-2009 (2020)

O objetivo deste artigo é analisar a distribuição regional do crédito no Estado do Rio de Janeiro, em particular o comportamento de agências e a distribuição do movimento financeiro bancário, e suas relações com a dinâmica de desenvolvimento econômico no Estado do Rio de Janeiro. Para tanto, foram construídos indicadores a partir de dados relativos à atividade econômica e do balanço consolidado das agências bancárias dos 92 municípios fluminenses para o período de 2000 a 2009. Através da análise destes indicadores conclui-se que a despeito da forte concentração econômica e de crédito na região metropolitana do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, as cidades do interior vem apresentando um dinamismo diferenciado evidenciando certa tendência à desconcentração do crédito, acompanhando a tendência de desconcentração econômica, reforçando a relação entre desenvolvimento econômico e financeiro e a concepção de que o movimento financeiro se concentra no entorno de cidades de forte dinamismo econômico.
Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America and Infectious Diseases Society of America Joint Committee on the Prevention of Antimicrobial Resistance: Guidelines for the Prevention of Antimicrobial Resistance in Hospitals (1997)

Antimicrobial resistance results in increased morbidity, mortality, and costs of health care. Prevention of the emergence of resistance and the dissemination of resistant microorganisms will reduce these adverse effects and their attendant costs. Appropriate antimicrobial stewardship that includes optimal selection, dose, and duration of treatment, as well as control of antibiotic use, will prevent or slow the emergence of resistance among microorganisms. A comprehensively applied infection control program will interdict the dissemination of resistant strains.
Propofol Maintenance to Reduce Postoperative Emesis in Thyroidectomy Patients: A Group Sequential Comparison with Isoflurane/Nitrous Oxide (1998)

The clinical benefit of propofol anaesthesia in the prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) is still being elucidated despite many studies to date. In this study 64 adult female patients scheduled for thyroidectomy received, in a randomized double-blind fashion, propofol with air or isoflurane with nitrous oxide for maintenance of anaesthesia. The primary response variable was the presence or absence of vomiting in the first six hours. A group sequential design was used to allow interim analysis. After 64 patients, the fourth analysis showed that fewer patients receiving propofol vomited or required an anti-emetic during the first six hours (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference detected in the 6 to 24 hour interval. In this group of female patients, total intravenous anaesthesia (TIVA) with propofol is associated with an early reduction in early postoperative vomiting compared with standard inhalational techniques. This reduction in vomiting does not appear to persist beyond the first six hours.
NUCLEAR ASPHALT GAUGE TESTING. FINAL REPORT (1995)

The Minnesota Department of Transportation (Mn/DOT) has been performing asphalt extraction testing on bituminous road materials for more than 50 years. Currently, Mn/DOT annually performs about 3,500 extractions. Extraction testing requires the use of chlorinated solvents, which generates a considerable amount of hazardous liquid waste that must be disposed of by strictly following increasingly complex and stringent federal regulations. The objective of this research project was to replace or supplement the current chemical extraction method for testing the asphalt content of road construction bituminous mixtures with nuclear asphalt gauge testing. This research led to the following conclusions: (1) Nuclear asphalt gauge testing gives asphalt cement content results that are at least as accurate as solvent extraction testing; (2) Gradation testing cannot be done using nuclear asphalt gauge testing procedures; and (3) Nuclear asphalt gauge testing works well for bituminous materials containing up to about 20% recycled asphalt pavement (RAP).
SAR Automatic Target Recognition Based on Deep Convolutional Neural Networks (2017)

Deep convolutional neural networks (CNN) have recently proven extremely competitive in challenging visible light image and speech recognition tasks. The goal of the present study is to explore the application of automatically learned convolutional network features to radar target recognition. Specifically, a two-stage convolutional-pooling network architecture is designed and error back-propagation algorithm with momentum acceleration strategy is used to learn the network weights in a supervised fashion. The effectiveness of the proposed method is assessed by SAR image classification tasks on the standard benchmark of MSTAR (Moving and Stationary Target Acquisition and recognition) database. Our experiments show the presented method has achieved encouraging results with a correct recognition rate of 95.64% for three classes of targets and 92.86% for ten classes of targets.
Loading, Release, Biodegradation, and Biocompatibility of a Nanovector Delivery System (2012)

A nanovector multistage system has been created to overcome or bypass sequential barriers within the human body, in order to deliver a therapeutic or imaging agent to a specific location. This innovation consists of a composition that includes two or more stages of particles, such that smaller, later-stage particles are contained in the larger, early-stage particles. An active agent, such as a therapeutic agent or imaging agent, is preferentially delivered and/or localized to a particular target site in the body of a subject. The multistage composition overcomes multiple biological barriers in the body. The multistage composition also allows for simultaneous delivery and localization at the same or different target sites of multiple active agents.
The articulations of the true believers: football and neo-fascism in the Eternal City (2012)

This paper examines two nationally renowned football (il calcio) supporter groups located in the capital city of Rome, the centre of Italian political power. The first the Boys, followers of AS Roma, have been notoriously neo-fascist in character since 1972. The second, the Irriducibili who follow SS Lazio, a club that also play in Rome, have, since 1987, attained a notoriety based on toughness and violence. Defying historical, enmitybased logic the Boys and Irriducibili have shared since 1987 a neo-fascist ideology that has made the two curva (terraces) they occupy in the capital city's Olympic Stadium less hostile to each other. Indeed, the two groups have turned their antagonism against the State and the Italian police. These fan-protagonists exist in groups known throughout Italy as UltraS, the capital S being our neologism to define the neo-fascist-oriented fans and to differentiate them from the wider hardcore football supporters who are referred to as ultra. The analysis herein focuses on these two UltraS entities and considers three central elements in the concept they promote of the 'true' UltraS: the principle of non omologazione (non-conformism), the Tradition versus Modernity opposition so crucial to the make-up of the UltraS cultural identity, and the attempt by such gatherings to live up to the ideal type of the Warrior. This research utilised the ethnographic method and involved the researcher 'being there' amongst the leading players of these two aforementioned groupings during various periods between 2001 and 2009. Those subject to academic inquiry are herein permitted to articulate their story and rationale. At the same time the researchers are concomitantly 'being here', seeking to infer the motivations of the members.
Application of novel basis functions in a hybrid method simulation of the response of induction logging in axisymmetrical stratified media (1999)

The hybrid method is employed in the numerical simulation of electromagnetic waves propagating in an axisymmetrical and longitudinally stratified medium. Two categories of basis functions are introduced, one of which sustains the amplitude and the other of which sustains the slope, of the function in question at nodal points. An interval extending to infinity is devised, whereby infinity is treated more reasonably than in previous works. The application of the above two contrivances makes possible the reduction of nodal points from 45, as necessitated by triangular basis functions, to 4 and also a two‐orders‐of‐magnitude improvement of the overall computational efficiency. Such a substantial improvement will facilitate the inversion of induction logging.
HTTP and FTP Application Algorithms to Identify the Optimal Network Architecture and WLAN Protocol (2020)

This paper evaluates the performance of the HTTP Protocol and the FTP Protocol using OPNET simulation (Riverbed Modeler 17.5). In this paper, an algorithm scheme is intended to examine HTTP and FTP services of different IEEE 802.11 technologies in order to define the optimal network architecture between the Basic Service Set (BSS), the Extended Service Set (ESS) and the Independent Basic Service Set (IBSS). In addition, the proposed algorithm considers multi-criteria network access selection, such as spatial distribution and number of nodes, to enable the provision of the best overall network output and high-quality services. The Quality of Service (QoS) metrics used were delay, throughput and loss of packets. This also meets the approval threshold values for HTTP and FTP quality metrics. This algorithm was applied to various room sizes ranging from 2x3 m to 10x14 m and the number of nodes ranged from one to forty.
Keywords: HTTP, FTP, QoS, PerformanceAnalysis; IEEE technologies.
SLA-based dynamic resource management in wireless environments (2008)

In this article, we focus on the service-driven management of quality of service and user access in wireless corporate networks. We propose a service-level agreement (SLA) oriented nomadism management architecture with a top-down vision starting by the specification of company objectives and going down to device-level configurations. We define an algorithm for the automatic translation of application-level quality assurance parameters into network-level configuration parameters. The description of the prototype implementation of our solution to the SLA-driven enterprise nomadism management is given and preliminary results on the self-adaptive capabilities of our mapping algorithm are given.
When salaries aren't secret. (2001)

No one seemed to think Treece McDavitt was a malevolent employee. "Just mischievous," one person said. Whatever her motivation, the day before Treece was to leave RightNow!, an off-price women's fashion retailer, the 26-year-old computer wizard accessed HR's files and e-mailed employees' salaries to the entire staff. Now everyone knows what everyone else is making; they are either infuriated that they are making too little or embarrassed that they are making too much. Salary disparities are out there for everyone to see, and CEO Hank Adamson has to do something to smooth things over. Hank's trusted advisers talk extensively with the CEO about his options, ultimately coming down on two sides. Charlie Herald, vice president of human resources, takes a "You get a lemon, you make lemonade" approach: keep making the salaries public to ensure fairness and to push employees to higher performance, he advises. Meanwhile, CFO Harriet Duval sees the need for damage control: apologize, clean up the company's compensation system, and continue to keep--or at least try to keep--salaries private, she says. Should Hank side with Charlie or Harriet? Or perhaps find a compromise between their two views? What should he do about this serious salary debacle? Four commentators offer their advice on the problem presented in this fictional case study.
Higher order modes excitation of electrostatically actuated clamped–clamped microbeams: experimental and analytical investigation (2016)

© 2016 IOP Publishing Ltd. In this study, we demonstrate analytically and experimentally the excitations of the higher order modes of vibrations in electrostatically actuated clamped-clamped microbeam resonators. The concept is based on using partial electrodes with shapes that induce strong excitation of the mode of interest. The devices are fabricated using polyimide as a structural layer coated with nickel from the top and chrome and gold layers from the bottom. Experimentally, frequency sweeps with different electro-dynamical loading conditions are shown to demonstrate the excitation of the higher order modes of vibration. Using a half electrode, the second mode is excited with high amplitude of vibration compared with almost zero response using the full electrode. Also, using a two-third electrode configuration is shown to amplify the third mode resonance amplitude compared with the full electrode under the same electrical loading conditions. An analytical model is developed based on the Euler-Bernollui beam model and the Galerkin method to simulate the device response. Good agreement between the simulation results and the experimental data is reported.
Reactive oxygen species modulate HIF-1 mediated PAI-1 expression: involvement of the GTPase Rac1 (2003)

Summary The hypoxia-inducible transcription factor HIF-1 mediates upregulation of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) expression under hypoxia. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) have also been implicated in PAI-1 gene expression. However, the role of ROS in HIF-1-mediated regulation of PAI-1 is not clear. We therefore investigated the role of the GTPase Rac1 which modulates ROS production in the pathway leading to HIF-1 and PAI-1 induction. Overexpression of constitutively activated (RacG12V) or dominant-negative (RacT17N) Rac1 increased or decreased, respectively, ROS production. In RacG12V-expressing cells, PAI-1 mRNA levels as well as HIF-1α nuclear presence were reduced under normoxia and hypoxia whereas expression of RacT17N resulted in opposite effects. Treatment with the antioxidant pyrrolidinedithiocarbamate or coexpression of the redox factor-1 restored HIF-1 and PAI-1 promoter activity in RacG12V-cells. In contrast, NFκB activation was enhanced in RacG12V-cells, but abolished by RacT17N. Thus, these findings suggest a mechanism explaining modified fibrinolysis and tissue remodeling in an oxidized environment.
Phosphorelay through the bifunctional phosphotransferase PhyT controls the general stress response in an alphaproteobacterium (2018)

Two-component systems constitute phosphotransfer signaling pathways and enable adaptation to environmental changes, an essential feature for bacterial survival. The general stress response (GSR) in the plant-protecting alphaproteobacterium Sphingomonas melonis Fr1 involves a two-component system consisting of multiple stress-sensing histidine kinases (Paks) and the response regulator PhyR; PhyR in turn regulates the alternative sigma factor EcfG, which controls expression of the GSR regulon. While Paks had been shown to phosphorylate PhyR in vitro, it remained unclear if and under which conditions direct phosphorylation happens in the cell, as Paks also phosphorylate the single domain response regulator SdrG, an essential yet enigmatic component of the GSR signaling pathway. Here, we analyze the role of SdrG and investigate an alternative function of the membrane-bound PhyP (here re-designated PhyT), previously assumed to act as a PhyR phosphatase. In vitro assays show that PhyT transfers a phosphoryl group from SdrG to PhyR via phosphoryl transfer on a conserved His residue. This finding, as well as complementary GSR reporter assays, indicate the participation of SdrG and PhyT in a Pak-SdrG-PhyT-PhyR phosphorelay. Furthermore, we demonstrate complex formation between PhyT and PhyR. This finding is substantiated by PhyT-dependent membrane association of PhyR in unstressed cells, while the response regulator is released from the membrane upon stress induction. Our data support a model in which PhyT sequesters PhyR, thereby favoring Pak-dependent phosphorylation of SdrG. In addition, PhyT assumes the role of the SdrG-phosphotransferase to activate PhyR. Our results place SdrG into the GSR signaling cascade and uncover a dual role of PhyT in the GSR.
Chiral Hall Effect in Noncollinear Magnets from a Cyclic Cohomology Approach (2020)

We demonstrate the emergence of an anomalous Hall effect in chiral magnetic textures which is neither proportional to the net magnetization nor to the well-known emergent magnetic field that is responsible for the topological Hall effect. Instead, it appears already at linear order in the gradients of the magnetization texture and exists for one-dimensional magnetic textures such as domain walls and spin spirals. It receives a natural interpretation in the language of Alain Connes' noncommutative geometry. We show that this chiral Hall effect resembles the familiar topological Hall effect in essential properties while its phenomenology is distinctly different. Our findings make the reinterpretation of experimental data necessary, and offer an exciting twist in engineering the electrical transport through magnetic skyrmions.
Use of kinase inhibitors against schistosomes to improve and broaden praziquantel efficacy (2020)

Praziquantel (PZQ) is the drug of choice for schistosomiasis. The potential drug resistance necessitates the search for adjunct or alternative therapies to PZQ. Previous functional genomics has shown that RNAi inhibition of Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) gene in Schistosoma adult worms significantly improved the effectiveness of PZQ. Here we tested the in vitro efficacy of 15 selective and non-selective CaMK inhibitors against Schistosoma mansoni and showed that PZQ efficacy was improved against refractory juvenile parasites when combined with these CaMK inhibitors. By measuring CaMK activity and the mobility of adult S. mansoni, we identified two non-selective CaMK inhibitors, Staurosporine (STSP) and 1Naphthyl PP1 (1NAPP1), as promising candidates for further study. The impact of STSP and 1NAPP1 was investigated in mice infected with S. mansoni in the presence or absence of a sub-lethal dose of PZQ against 2- and 7-day-old schistosomula and adults. Treatment with STSP/PZQ induced a significant (47-68%) liver egg burden reduction compared with mice treated with PZQ alone. The findings indicate that the combination of STSP and PZQ dosages significantly improved anti-schistosomal activity compared to PZQ alone, demonstrating the potential of selective and non-selective CaMK/kinase inhibitors as a combination therapy with PZQ in treating schistosomiasis.
Lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) induces proinflammatory cytokines by a platelet-activating factor (PAF) receptor-dependent mechanism (1999)

Oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL) consists of both lipid components and apoprotein B100. OxLDL has both proinflammatory and cytotoxic properties. The present study was undertaken to investigate the effects of components in the lipid moiety of oxLDL on immune activation as determined by cytokine and immunoglobulin secretion. LPC induced interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) secretion in peripheral blood mononuclear leucocytes from healthy blood donors. The effect varied between individuals, and there were both responders and non-responders. Furthermore, LPC induced enhanced antibody production, indicating B cell activation. None of eight oxysterols, arachidonic acid (AA), or 15-lipoxygenase products of AA tested had immune stimulatory properties. We recently demonstrated that PAF and oxLDL induce IFN-gamma secretion by a common mechanism. LPC-induced IFN-gamma secretion was inhibited by a specific PAF receptor antagonist, WEB 2170, indicating that the PAF receptor is involved in LPC-induced immune activation. Both oxLDL- and LPC-induced antibody formation was inhibited by WEB 2170. Furthermore LPC also induced tumour necrosis factor-alpha secretion, and this effect was inhibited by WEB 2170. LPC is produced during lipid oxidation (as in oxLDL), but also by enzymes such as phospholipase A2. The findings indicate that LPC may play an important role in inflammatory reactions, including atherosclerosis.
Voice Conversion based on Non-negative Matrix Factorization with Segment Features in Noisy Environments (2013)

Voice Conversion based on Non-negative Matrix Factorization with Segment Features in Noisy Environments Takao FUJII†, Ryo AIHARA†, Tetsuya TAKIGUCHI††, and Yasuo ARIKI†† †† Organization of Advanced Science and Technology, Kobe University Rokkodai-cho 1–1, Nada-ku, Kobe-shi, 657–8501 Japan † Graduate School of System Informatics, Kobe University Rokkodai-cho 1–1, Nada-ku, Kobe-shi, 657–8501 Japan E-mail: †{fujii,aihara}@me.cs.scitec.kobe-u.ac.jp, ††{takigu,ariki}@kobe-u.ac.jp