gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Transformation of Wall Deficient Cultured Tobacco Protoplasts by Agrobacterium tumefaciens (1991)

Attachment of virulent Agrobacterium tumefaciens to plant cells is required for transformation. To further study the components of the plant cell wall that may be involved in the attachment process, tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) protoplasts were cultured in the presence of 2,6 dichlorobenzonitrile (DB), an inhibitor of cellulose biosynthesis, and then assayed for their ability to be transformed by Agrobacterium. The DB treated protoplasts were deficient in wall production. Nevertheless, they were transformable at high frequency by wild type Agrobacterium strains but not by mutant strains that lack the ability to bind to normal, walled cells. Small quantities of calcofluor white positive material present on DB treated cells were correlated with their competence to be transformed. Further, the plant:bacterial association that leads to transformation is shown to become stable within 5 hours after bacterial co-cultivation with either control or DB treated cells.
α‐Metalated Isocyanides in Organic Synthesis. New synthetic methods (6) (1974)

Abstract α‐Alkali‐metalated isocyanides, which can be obtained from isocyanides and bases, can be used for nucleophilic introduction of (masked) α‐aminoalkyl groups. Intramolecular ring‐closure may then follow if a nucleophile combines at the electron sextet of the isocyanide carbon. Treatment of α‐alkali‐metalated isocyanides with electrophilic agents permits rapid and efficient synthesis of, inter alia , 2‐ and 3‐amino alcohols, straight‐chain, branched, and β‐functional α‐amino acids, olefins, vinyl isocyanides, and of a large number of mainly five‐, but also six‐ and seven‐membered aza‐, diaza‐, oxa‐aza‐, and thia‐aza heterocycles.
Constrained optimal control for lateral vehicle guidance (2005)

This paper presents a new approach of lateral vehicle control. The lane keeping task is looked at as a constrained optimal control problem. Constrained optimal control can compensate for system time delays and first order system response behavior of low-level sub-systems. Physical system constraints as well as constraints imposed by comfort and safety considerations can be taken into account and balanced in the controller design process. This yields significant advantages over standard control approaches. Simulation results as well as results obtained with a real test vehicle are provided.
QUANTIFICATION OF OXYGEN CONSUMPTION IN SKELETAL MUSCLE WITH PET AND OXYGEN-15 BOLUS (1997)

O and arteriovenous oxygendifference. Four of the subjects performed constantlight exercise with the knee extensors of one legthrough both PET studies.PET examinations were made with ECAT 931/08-12. Images (fig. 2) were reconstructed with a newiterative MRP method, which effectively reducesnoise in the images (Ref. 1). Parameters for model (K
Dynamic changes in the mouse hepatic lipidome following warm ischemia reperfusion injury (2022)

Abstract Liver failure secondary to nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has become the most common cause for liver transplantation in many parts of the world. Moreover, the prevalence of NAFLD not only increases the demand for liver transplantation, but also limits the supply of suitable donor organs because steatosis predisposes grafts to ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI). There are currently no pharmacological interventions to limit hepatic IR injury because the mechanisms by which steatosis leads to increased injury are unclear. To identify potential novel mediators of IR injury, we used liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry to assess temporal changes in the hepatic lipidome in steatotic and non-steatotic livers after warm IRI in mice. Our untargeted analyses revealed distinct differences between the steatotic and non-steatotic response to IRI and highlighted dynamic changes in lipid composition with marked changes in glycerolipids and glycerophospholipids. These findings enhance our knowledge of the lipidomic changes that occur following IRI and provide a foundation for future mechanistic studies. A better understanding of the mechanisms underlying such changes will lead to novel therapeutic strategies to combat IR injury.
Liquid-crystal periodic zigzags from geometrical and surface-anchoring-induced confinement: Origin and internal structure from mesoscopic scale to molecular level (2010)

We figured out periodic undulations of lamellae "zigzags" in liquid crystals under confinement by glass and patterned silicon hybrid cell, but in the absence of applied fields. The optical and internal structures of zigzags have been investigated from mesoscopic scale to molecular level by convoluting real and reciprocal space probes, such as polarized light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and microbeam x-ray diffraction. The homeotropic anchoring happens at air/liquid crystal, while planar one appears at glass or patterned silicon surfaces. The wetting and displacement of lamellae near the glass surface give rise to tilting and bending in the stacking of lamellae. This can provide a solution for the origin of periodic zigzags: asymmetric strain exerted to lamellae at two-dimensional glass surface and one-dimensional-like pattern. This can give a hint for potential photonic applications such as optical gratings and modulators due to its high periodicity.
Algorithm of remote sensing image matching based on corner-point (2017)

Feature extraction is an important method to obtain remote sensing image information. It has significant influence on recognition, analysis, matching, fusion, segmentation of remote sensing image. Image registration is usually classified into two categories: the intensity-based method and the feature-based method. The corner-point is one of the basic features of the images, which has many information and can easily be detected. In the area of remote sensing image application, two or more images are usually mosaiced as one image. According to remote sensing image matching, a method of image matching based on Harris corner-point combined with SURF algorithm is proposed in this paper. First of all, feature points are detected using Harris algorithm, that has the ability of noise immunity and stability. Then, calculating by SURF algorithm, the main directions of the feature points are determined and the feature descriptors are generated. Ratio method is used to get initial matching, and RANSAC algorithm is used to eliminate errors and achieve accurate matching. The result demonstrates that the Harris corner-point image registration described is stable and efficient. The method can be well applied in the remote sensing image processing and geometric positioning accuracy evaluation.
Terminal neuroendocrine differentiation of human prostate carcinoma cells in response to increased intracellular cyclic AMP (hormone-refractory/pp60 c-src /multipotential) (1993)

Recent clinicopathologic studies have shown that many prostatic andenocarcinomas express focal neuroendocrine differentiation and that neuroendocrine differentiation is most apparent in advanced anaplastic tumors. While studying growthregulatory signal transduction events in human prostate carcinoma cell lines, we found that in two of four cell lines, the androgen-sensitive line LNCaP and the highly metastatic androgenindependent line PC3M, elevation of cAMP through addition of cAMP analogues or phosphodiesterase inhibitors induced a markedly neuronal morphology. Also in LNCaP cells ultrastructural analysis showed that cAMP induced the appearance of neurosecretory cell- like dense-core granules. Phenotypic analysis of untreated LNCaP and PC3M calls shoved that both cell lines express markers of the neural crest including S100, cromogranin A, pp60 c-src , and neuron-specific enolase as well as the epithelial marker KSl/4 and stagespecific embryonic antigen 4. In PC3M cells, cAMP markedly elevated neuron-specific enolase protein and caused an increase in the specific activity of the neuroendocrine marker pp60 c-src , and in both cell lines expression of KS1/4 and stage-specific embryonic antigen 4 was down-regulated. In addition to effects on lineage markers, cAMP treatment induced Gl synchronization, growth arrest, and loss of clonogenicity, indicating terminal differentiation. Our data provide direct evidence of plasticity in the lineage commitment of adenocarcinoma of the prostate. We have shown that cell-permeant cAMP analogies can induce terminal differentiation, suggesting that hydrolysisresistant cyclic nucleotides may present an additional approach to the treatment of advanced prostate cancer.
1,3,6,8-Tetraazapyrenes: Synthesis, Solid-State Structures, and Properties as Redox-Active Materials (2012)

A series of new tetraazapyrene (TAPy) derivatives has been synthesized by reducing 1,4,5,8-tetranitronaphthalene to its corresponding tin salt (I) and reacting it with perfluorinated alkyl or aryl anhydrides. The resulting 2,7-disubstituted TAPy molecules and the known parent compound 1,3,6,8-tetraazapyrene (II) have been further derivatized by core chlorination and bromination. The brominated compounds served as starting materials for Suzuki cross-coupling reactions with electron-poor arylboronic acids. Single-crystal X-ray analyses established polymorphism for some TAPy compounds. The ground-state geometries of all new TAPy derivatives were modeled with DFT methods [B3PW91/6-31 g(d,p) and B3PW91/6-311+g(d,p)], especially focusing on the energies of the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) and the electron affinities (EA) of the molecules. The results of the calculations were confirmed experimentally by cyclic voltammetry to evaluate the substitution effects at the 2 and 7 position and the core positions, respectively, and gave LUMO energy levels that range from -3.57 to -4.14 eV. Fabrication of organic field-effect transistors (OFETs) with several of these tetraazapyrenes established their potential as organic n-type semiconductors.
经济变革的文化叙述 (Narratives of Change) (2007)

There are essentially three difficulties attending any search for cultural explanations of change in China: culture can be a broad and often a somewhat imprecise concept; the scale of China makes for difficulties in the unit of analysis; and the assumption of historical continuity may be somewhat attenuated. The antidote to essentialisation about Chinese culture is to approach explanation at a more local level. A recognition that there are local accounts of social and economic change that both help motivate behaviour and provide legitimation for specific forms of activity provides a more convincing framework for understanding the role of culture in both the evolution of the economic environment and business development. The evidence from an examination of town and village enterprises and their enterpreneurs in Taiyuan, provincial capital of Shanxi; of Islamic Salar entrepreneurs in Xunhua (Qinghai Province); and of women entrepreneurs in Qiongshan, Hainan, suggests that at the local level the state and economic interests have harnessed symbolic and representational forms of culture for particular interests and goals, including attempts to create a local competitive advantage for particular industries and social groups. In this process local cultural practice is used to underpin the manner of business development, including the structures of ownership, management and operation, as well as to some extent the kinds of economic activity that are developed.
Characterization of Silicon Photomultiplier Readout Designs for Use in Positron Emission Tomography Systems (2011)

Geiger-mode avalanche photodiodes, or silicon photomultipliers, are promising light sensors for the next generation Positron Emission Tomography (PET) scanners. The sensor is being used in the scanner’s gamma ray detector to measure scintillation light. This thesis describes the test results of three gamma ray detectors that utilize silicon photomultipliers. The first one is a commercial detector, and the other two are custom made. The detectors are tested for their 511 keV photon energy and timing resolution, as well as their ability to measure light from small scintillator crystals. The two custom made detectors had smaller active area, but outperformed the commercial detector in energy resolution. The introduction of buffer amplifiers improved the timing resolution of one detector. All three detectors had their crystal decoding ability limited by signal multiplexing and the sensor’s dark noise. Finally, a detector design was proposed for the PET system being developed in our group.
The Proceedings Of The 19Th International Conference On Chelation Held In London, United Kingdom: Major Changes In Iron Chelation Therapy In The Last 25 Years Using Deferiprone (L1) Has Resulted In The Complete Treatment Of Iron Overload (2011)

Major advances were presented at the 19th International Conference on Chelation (ICOC) in London, UK including changes in iron chelation therapy that led to the complete treatment of transfusional iron overload. The first oral iron chelation results in animals using deferiprone (L1) were published in 1985, and effective iron removal in thalassemia and myelodysplasia patients were reported 2 years later. The results of multicenter clinical trials of L1 were presented at the 1st ICOC in London, UK in 1989. Long-term use of L1 resulted in the reduction of the mortality rate in thalassemia patients due to the effective removal of all excess iron from the heart. In 2008, specific combinations of L1 and deferoxamine (DFO) were reported to cause the complete removal of excess iron load and the achievement of normal range body iron store levels (NRBISL) in thalassemia patients. Patients with NRBISL were identified to require lower doses of L1 for the maintenance of negative iron balance. The introduction of deferasirox (DFRA) may benefit patients not tolerating L1, DFO or their combination. A simple, inexpensive synthesis of L1 has encouraged its manufacture in developing countries for the benefit of patients who could not afford the expensive imported chelating drugs or formulations.
Probing peptide–nanomaterial interactions (2010)

Peptide enabled synthesis of nanomaterials offer the ability to control size distributions; morphologies; and provide a range of surface functionalities. Invariably, these qualities are determined by how well peptides are able to interact with nanomaterials via their primary amino acid sequence and/or secondary structure. At present, though, the effect of the primary and secondary peptide structure on peptide-nanomaterial interactions is not well understood and lacks precise characterization with regard to peptide binding interactions. This shortcoming is even further complicated due to the fact that each peptide-nanomaterial interaction is unique for a given set of peptides and nanoparticles. As a result, the behavior of peptides in the presence of nanomaterials requires a separate study and individual consideration on a peptide per peptide basis. Because of this, the effectiveness of peptide-nanoparticle complexes is often "hit or miss" under experimental conditions and when challenged with large sets of potential nanoparticle-binding peptides. In the following tutorial review, we highlight relevant peptide-nanoparticle interactions, describe binding and structural data for these interactions, and provide a general description of appropriate biochemical and physical characterization techniques adopted from materials science, structural biology, and biochemistry to probe synthetically produced peptide-nanoparticle complexes.
Einführung in das automatisierte Fahren und die Fahrzeugsicherheit (2020)

No AccessFahrzeugsicherheit und automatisiertes FahrenJun 2020Einführung in das automatisierte Fahren und die FahrzeugsicherheitMichael Botsch, Wolfgang UtschickMichael Botsch, Wolfgang Utschickhttps://doi.org/10.3139/9783446468047.001SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to FavoritesDownload CitationTrack CitationsCopy LTI LinkPDF key 'share (en)' returned an object instead of string.FacebookTwitterEmailLinkedIn previous chapternext chapter FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails 2020Pages: 9-25Print ISBN: 978-3-446-45326-5eISBN: 978-3-446-46804-7 Copyright & Permissions© 2020 Carl Hanser Verlag GmbH & Co. KGPDF downloadLoading ...
Acoustic charge transport in a n-i-n three terminal device (2007)

We present a novel scheme for acoustic‐charge‐transport devices based on a n‐i‐n lateral junction as electron injector and show that surface acoustic waves are able to pick up electrons from a current flowing through the junction and drive them towards an Ohmic output contact. The main advantage of this geometry is the possibility to drive the n‐i‐n injector by means of both voltage or current signals. The device also includes a pair of lateral gates to allow further control on the collector current. We show device performance in both voltage‐ and current‐driven regimes, discuss output contact current dependence from SAW power and temperature and the possibility to modulate charge transfer to the output contact by properly biasing the lateral gates.
The Role of Intrapulmonary De Novo Lymphoid Tissue in Obliterative Bronchiolitis after Lung Transplantation (2009)

Chronic rejection after lung transplantation is manifested as obliterative bronchiolitis (OB). The development of de novo lymphoid tissue (lymphoid neogenesis) may contribute to local immune responses in small airways. Compared with normal lungs, the lung tissue of 13 lung transplant recipients who developed OB demonstrated a significantly larger number of small, airway-associated, peripheral node addressin-positive (PNAd(+)) high endothelial venules (HEVs) unique to lymphoid tissue (p < 0.001). HEVs were most abundant in lesions of lymphocytic bronchiolitis and "active" OB infiltrated by lymphocytes compared with those of "inactive" OB. T cells in lymphocytic bronchiolitis and active OB were predominantly of the CD45RO(+)CCR7(-) effector memory phenotype. Similar lymphoid tissue was also observed in the rat lung after intrapulmonary transplantation of allograft trachea (Brown Norway (BN) to Lewis), but not after isograft transplantation. Subsequent orthotopic transplantation of the recipient Lewis lung containing a BN trachea into an F(1) (Lewis x BN) rat demonstrated stable homing of Lewis-derived T cells in the lung and their Ag-specific effector function against the secondary intrapulmonary BN trachea. In conclusion, we found de novo lymphoid tissue in the lung composed of effector memory T cells and HEVs but lacking delineated T cell and B cell zones. This de novo lymphoid tissue may play a critical role in chronic local immune responses after lung transplantation.
Investigating the performance of radar configurations in crop monitoring (2004)

This paper describes an algorithm aimed at monitoring the soil moisture and the growth cycle of wheat fields using radar data. The algorithm is based on neural networks trained by an electromagnetic model and multitemporal ground data measured on fields taken as a reference. The retrieval procedure is tested using mutitemporal signatures collected at a test site.
P2‐356: SEX DIFFERENCES IN THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CORTICAL NEURODEGENERATION AND FDG‐PET HYPOMETABOLISM IN AD AND PROGRESSIVE‐MCI (2019)

To better understand the relationship between cortical thinning (neurodegeneration) and cortical glucose hypometabolism throughout disease progression and across genders, the correlation between measures was compared in individuals with Alzheimer's Disease (AD, n = 223), Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI, n= 261) who convert to AD, MCI who remain stable (n = 370), and normal controls (n = 282). All T1-MPRAGE and FDG-PET scans were downloaded from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative website (cohorts ADNI-1 and 2) and underwent further processing. MPRAGE scans underwent FreeSurfer processing, correcting for geometric inaccuracies or topological defects. PET data were projected onto the FreeSurfer cortical white surface. These processing steps resulted in vectors of cortical GM thickness and cortical GM FDG-PET uptake data, correspondingly indexed over the FreeSurfer template white surface and smoothed to the same degree across all subjects. Individual Pearson correlation coefficients were computed to assess subject-wise concordance of cortical thickness and cortical FDG-PET uptake measures. Linear mixed effects models assessing the effects of time, gender, diagnostic category on correlations while accounting for age, education and APOE-4 status were examined. Linear mixed-effects models revealed significant effect of time on the correlation between cortical thickness and cortical FDG-PET uptake, such that concordance between measures decreased across all time points (p<.001). Female participants had increased correlations across all time points (p<.05), and showed higher concordance than males at worsening disease-states (Females > Males at pMCI and AD, p<.05).
A Taxonomic and Ecological Study of the Asilidae of Michigan (2017)

Seventy-two species of Asilidae have been recorded from Michigan. An additional seven which may occur are included. Keys to subfamilies, genera and species are given. Two subfamilies and twenty-five genera are represented. A discussion of specific identification, habitat, and distribution is given where possible. The Laphria canis complex, index complex, and aeatus complex are discussed. One new species, Laphria calvescenta is described. Laphria disparella has been raised from synonymy. Machimus virginicus was removed from Asilus sensu-latu and placed in the genus Machimus.
Identification of the mpl gene encoding UDP-N-acetylmuramate: L-alanyl-gamma-D-glutamyl-meso-diaminopimelate ligase in Escherichia coli and its role in recycling of cell wall peptidoglycan (1996)

A gene, mpl, encoding UDP-N-acetylmuramate:L-alanyl-gamma-D-glutamyl-meso-diaminopimelat e ligase was recognized by its amino acid sequence homology with murC as the open reading frame yjfG present at 96 min on the Escherichia coli map. The existence of such an enzymatic activity was predicted from studies indicating that reutilization of the intact tripeptide L-alanyl-gamma-D-glutamyl-meso-diaminopimelate occurred and accounted for well over 30% of new cell wall synthesis. Murein tripeptide ligase activity could be demonstrated in crude extracts, and greatly increased activity was produced when the gene was cloned and expressed under control of the trc promoter. A null mutant totally lacked activity but was viable, showing that the enzyme is not essential for growth.
Mobilization of giant piggyBac transposons in the mouse genome (2011)

The development of technologies that allow the stable delivery of large genomic DNA fragments in mammalian systems is important for genetic studies as well as for applications in gene therapy. DNA transposons have emerged as flexible and efficient molecular vehicles to mediate stable cargo transfer. However, the ability to carry DNA fragments >10 kb is limited in most DNA transposons. Here, we show that the DNA transposon piggyBac can mobilize 100-kb DNA fragments in mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells, making it the only known transposon with such a large cargo capacity. The integrity of the cargo is maintained during transposition, the copy number can be controlled and the inserted giant transposons express the genomic cargo. Furthermore, these 100-kb transposons can also be excised from the genome without leaving a footprint. The development of piggyBac as a large cargo vector will facilitate a wider range of genetic and genomic applications.