gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Elastically averaged precision alignment (2005)

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, 2005.
Effect of controlled oral hygiene procedures on caries and periodontal disease in adults (1978)

Abstract The present investigation was carried out to determine if the occurrence of caries and the progression of periodontitis can be prevented in adults, and maintained at a high level of oral hygiene by regularly repeated oral hygiene instructions and prophylaxis. An attempt was also made to study the progression of dental diseases in individuals who received no special oral hygiene instruction but regularly received dental care of a traditional type. Two groups of individuals from one geographic site were recruited in 1971‐72 for the trial; 375 were assigned to a test and 180 to a control group. A baseline examination revealed that the socio‐economic status, the oral hygiene status, the incidence of gingivitis and the caries experience were similar among the test and control participants prior to the start of the study. During the subsequent 3‐year period, the control patients were seen regularly once a year and given traditional dental care. The test group participants, on the other hand, were seen once every 2 months during the first 2 years and once every 3 months during the third year. On an individual basis they were instructed in a proper oral hygiene technique and given a careful dental prophylaxis including scaling and root planing. Each prophylactic session was handled by a dental hygienist. A re‐examination was carried out towards the end of the third treatment year. The results of the trial clearly showed that it is possible, by regularly repeated tooth cleaning instruction and prophylaxis, to stimulate adults to adopt proper oral hygiene habits. The findings also demonstrated that persons who utilized proper oral hygiene techniques during a 3‐year period had negligible signs of gingivitis, suffered no loss of periodontal tissue attachment, and developed practically no new carious lesions. The control patients, who during the same period received merely symptomatic treatment, suffered from gingivitis, lost periodontal tisssue support and developed several new as well as recurrent, carious lesions. These results indicate that dental treatment is a highly ineffective means of curing caries and periodontal disease.
Evaluation of Aspha-Min® Zeolite for Use in Warm Mix Asphalt (2005)

Several new processes have been developed to reduce the mixing and compaction temperatures of hot mix asphalt without sacrificing the quality of the resulting pavement. One of these processes utilizes the Aspha-min® zeolite, a crystalline hydrated aluminum silicate. A laboratory study was conducted to determine the applicability of Aspha-min® to typical paving operations and environmental conditions commonly found in the United States, including the performance of the mixes in quick traffic turn-over situations and high temperature conditions. Aspha-min® was shown to improve the compactability of mixtures in both the SGC and vibratory compactor. Statistics indicated an average reduction in air voids of 0.65%. Improved compaction was noted at temperatures as low as 190°F. he addition of zeolite does not affect the resilient modulus of an asphalt mix. The addition of zeolite does not increase the rutting potential of an asphalt mix as measured by the Asphalt Pavement Analyzer. The rutting potential did increase with decreasing mixing and compaction temperatures, which may be related to the decreased aging of the binder. There was no evidence of differing strength gain with time for the mixes containing zeolite as compared to the control mixes. There is no indication that HMA containing Aspha-min® requires a cure period prior to opening to traffic. The lower compaction temperature used when producing warm asphalt with Aspha-min® may increase the potential for moisture damage as indicated by tensile strength ratio (TSR) and Hamburg tests. However, the addition of hydrated lime mitigated this effect. A demonstration project was constructed using Aspha-min® zeolite in Orlando, Florida. The warm mix production and compaction temperatures were 35°F less than those used for the control (approximately 300 °F compaction temperature). The laboratory test results on the field mix coincide with the laboratory study. Cores taken one year after placement indicated no increased evidence of moisture damage as compared to the control mix. Overall, Aspha-min® zeolite appears to be a viable tool for reducing mixing and compaction temperatures that can be readily added to hot mix asphalt. Reductions in mixing and compaction temperatures are expected to reduce fuel costs and emissions.
A highly active and stable IrO x /SrIrO 3 catalyst for the oxygen evolution reaction (2016)

Oxygen electrochemistry plays a key role in renewable energy technologies such as fuel cells and electrolyzers, but the slow kinetics of the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) limit the performance and commercialization of such devices. Here we report an iridium oxide/strontium iridium oxide (IrO<sub>x</sub>/SrIrO<sub>3</sub>) catalyst formed during electrochemical testing by strontium leaching from surface layers of thin films of SrIrO<sub>3</sub> This catalyst has demonstrated specific activity at 10 milliamps per square centimeter of oxide catalyst (OER current normalized to catalyst surface area), with only 270 to 290 millivolts of overpotential for 30 hours of continuous testing in acidic electrolyte. Density functional theory calculations suggest the formation of highly active surface layers during strontium leaching with IrO<sub>3</sub> or anatase IrO<sub>2</sub> motifs. The IrO<sub>x</sub>/SrIrO<sub>3</sub> catalyst outperforms known IrO<sub>x</sub> and ruthenium oxide (RuO<sub>x</sub>) systems, the only other OER catalysts that have reasonable activity in acidic electrolyte.
Separating phonetic and speaker features of vowels in formant space (2005)

Phonetic components of vocalic segments are primarily contained in the three lowest formants in speech signals. However, different vocal tracts and speaking habits do show formant pattern differences for different speakers. This study intends to analyze or to separate phonetic and speaker characteristics into a set of orthogonal dimensions. Statistical analysis by a linear transformation of the principle components in the three-formant space is the basis of the study. Experiments on the vocalic segments of a conversational database, and vowel portions of specific digits in a connected digit database are reported. Experimental recognition results and a statistical interpretation are presented. Comparison with a vowel space model is also investigated. It is shown that the distribution of vowels in eigenvector space can be used for speaker identification.
Carotid Artery Disease Assessed by Color Doppler Flow Imaging: Correlation with Standard Doppler Sonography and Angiography (1990)

Carotid artery disease was assessed in 180 patients by means of color Doppler flow imaging. Color Doppler findings in 360 carotid arteries were compared with the results of standard Doppler sonography, and color Doppler findings in 60 bifurcations were compared with the results of intraarterial angiography. The sensitivity of color Doppler for the detection of carotid disease was 100% when compared with angiography. The accuracy of color Doppler in classifying minor (40-60%), moderate (61-80%), and severe (81-90%) stenosis ranged from 91.3% to 97.8% vs standard Doppler sonography, and from 91.7% to 95.8% vs angiography. Whereas all occlusions were identified correctly by both color Doppler and angiography, four pseudoocclusions of the carotid artery were misdiagnosed as occluded. Characteristic features providing reliable criteria of the degree of stenosis are (1) intensity, extent, and duration of color fading; (2) postprocessed systolic peak frequency; (3) plaque extent on serial sonograms; and (4) poststenotic flow patterns. Display of hemodynamic disturbances induced by less pronounced plaques showed highly variable patterns that could not be anticipated from the plaque morphology alone. Thus, color Doppler preserves the advantages of standard Doppler and duplex sonography but provides additional information about otherwise anechoic necrotic and thrombotic material that often causes cerebral embolisms. With atherogenesis, repair mechanisms may be sustained or progression be stopped by reducing the risk factors and instituting medical treatment; thus, the application of this noninvasive technique is important.
Ligand-induced phosphorylation of the cAMP receptor from Dictyostelium discoideum. (1988)

The cell surface cAMP receptor of Dictyostelium discoideum exists as a doublet of low (D) and high (R) electrophoretic mobility forms, both of which are phosphorylated in vivo. The R form is phosphorylated in a ligand-independent manner, while conversion of the R to D forms, induced by the chemoattractant, is accompanied by at least a 4-fold increase in the level of phosphorylation. When cells are stimulated with saturating levels of cAMP, increased phosphorylation is detectable within 5 s and reaches maximum levels by 5 min with a t1/2 of 45 s. Dephosphorylation of receptor, initiated by removal of the stimulus, is detectable within 30 s, has a half-time of 2 min, and reaches a plateau by 20 min. At half-maximal occupancy, phosphorylation occurred more slowly than at saturation, t1/2 = 1.5 min, and remained at intermediate levels until the cAMP concentration was increased. Accompanying electrophoretic mobility shifts occurred in all cases with similar, though not identical, kinetics. Both phosphorylation and mobility shift were half-maximal at 5 nM cAMP and saturated at 100 nM. Estimation of the specific activity of each receptor form indicates that not all sites are phosphorylated during the R to D transition; at least half of the sites are phosphorylated after the transition is completed. The rate of incorporation of phosphates into the receptor, held in the D form by cAMP, was less than one-third the rate of ligand-induced incorporation starting with the R form and was approximately twice the basal rate of incorporation. These results are compatible with ligand-induced receptor phosphorylation being an early event in the adaptation of other cAMP-induced responses.
Diameter Extended NAPTR (2009)

This document describes an extended format for the NAPTR service
fields used in dynamic Diameter agent discovery. The extended format
allows NAPTR queries contain Diameter Application-Id information.
Recurrent meningitis in a 38-year-old man with cirrhosis (1996)

A Sy he had a nonfocal neurologic examination. At that time, computed tomographic (CT) scan of the head was unremarkable. Table 1 presents lumbar puncture (LP) results on admission (LP 1). Ceftriaxone was administered intravenously, and the patient’s symptoms resolved after the first hospital day. He received antibiotics for 4 days. Blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) cultures remained negative, and the patient was discharged with the diagnosis of aseptic meningitis, presumed to be of viral etiology He remained well until a few days prior to the second admission when his symptoms recurred. The patient had a history of heavy alcohol use, hepatitis C infection, and liver cirrhosis and had undergone portocaval shunt placement 2 years prior to the first admission for aseptic meningitis. He was a former injection drug user. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) had been negative 4 months prior to admission. A tuberculin skin test (PPD) had been positive 12 years earlier, at which time he received prophylactic therapy. He had been born in New York City and had traveled to Puerto Rico three times, the last time being several years earlier. On physical examination at the second admission his temperature was 103”F, his neck was supple, and there was no indication of adenopathy, papilledema, or sinus tenderness. The patient was alert and oriented, according to a nonfocal neurologic examination. The white blood cell count was 5100/mm3 with a normal differential, the hematocrit was 33%, and the platelet count was 123,000/mm3. The serum total protein and albumin were 6.5 and 2.5 mg/dL, respectively. Other routine laboratory values were within normal range, including serum
Synthèse d'architecture sur FPGA sous contrainte de précision des calculs (2005)

Les FPGAs sont de plus en plus considérés comme une solution incontournable pour les applications de traitement du signal. Dans le même temps, les contraintes telles que le coût, la consommation et le temps de mise sur le marché des applications de traitement du signal exigent la mise en oeuvre de méthodologies d'implantation automatique d'algorithmes spécifiés en virgule flottante au sein de FPGAs utilisant l'arithmétique virgule fixe. Dans cet article, une nouvelle méthodologie de synthèse d'architecture sous contrainte de précision est présentée. Cette approche s'appuie sur une bibliothèque d'opérateurs arithmétiques virgule fixe caractérisant le coût des opérateurs en fonction de leur largeur. Pour obtenir une implantation efficace, le processus d'optimisation est couplé avec la synthèse d'architecture. De plus, l'évaluation de la précision est réalisée par une approche analytique permettant ainsi d'obtenir des temps d'optimisation raisonnables.
Slot Resonator Based Novel Orientation Independent Chipless RFID Tag Configurations (2019)

The design of two novel orientation-independent slot resonator-based chipless RFID tags is proposed in this paper. These tags make use of multiple L-shaped slots of different lengths on a lossy substrate and are appropriate for item tracking and identifications. The data are encoded in the backscattered signal from the tag after its illumination. The first tag configuration includes multiple L-shaped slot resonators cascaded with each other. It exhibits wideband features and enables the addition of extra resonators for encoding of additional data without an increase in the tag size. The second configuration has alternate resonators on one side of the substrate while the remaining resonators are inverted and are on the other half of the substrate. It leads to reduced mutual coupling between the resonators and hence an improved performance and improved printing flexibility. The proof of concept is demonstrated through the design of tags in CST Microwave Studio and prototype development on the Rogers 5880 substrate. Both the tags are compact, printed on 20 mm × 20 mm substrate, encode 8-bits in a bandwidth of 3 GHz and thus advance the state of the art significantly. An interesting feature of the proposed tags is the orientation independence and this is a very useful feature for applications, such as tracking of items in a smart retail scenario where the products need to be read by the readers from any orientation.
Identification of proteins potentially involved in the formation of Lafora bodies, a hallmark of Lafora disease (2013)

Lafora Disease (LD) is a fatal teenage-onset progressive myoclonus epilepsy. It is characterized by the formation of Lafora bodies (LBs), deposits of abnormally branched, insoluble, hyperphosphorylated glycogen-like polymers that are generally believed to trigger the development of the clinical symptoms of LD. 58% and 35% of the LD cases are caused by mutations in EPM2A (laforin) and EPM2B (malin), respectively. However, little is known about their function in LB formation. Two different mechanisms have been proposed to explain the accumulation of insoluble LBs: first, excessive glycogen phosphorylation and, second, an imbalance between glycogen synthesizing enzymes. The present study aims at the identification of proteins involved in the molecular mechanisms leading to LB formation and appearance of LD and the phosphorylation of glycogen.
Second harmonic generation in hexagonal silicon carbide (1995)

We report optical second harmonic generation measurements in single crystal α-SiC of polytype 6H. The angular dependence of second harmonic intensity was consistent with two independent nonvanishing second order susceptibility components, as expected for a crystal with hexagonal symmetry. For the fundamental wavelength of 1.064 μm the magnitudes of the two components were determined to be χzzz(2)=±1.2×10−7 and χzxx(2)=∓1.2×10−8 esu. The corresponding linear electro-optic coefficient computed from this value is rzzz=±100 pm/V. The wavelength dependence of the nonlinear susceptibility was examined for second harmonic wavelengths between the bandgap (400 nm) and the red (700 nm), and was found to be relatively uniform over this region. The refractory nature of this compound and its large nonlinear optical coefficients make it an attractive candidate for high power nonlinear optical waveguide applications.
Statistical Evaluation of Electromigration Reliability at Chip Level (2010)

Chip level electromigration (EM) reliability is determined by: 1) the element level EM failure probability used for design guideline generation; and 2) the distribution of EM elements against design limits. Balancing these two factors is critical for a chip design to achieve the best performance while maintaining chip level EM reliability. This paper discusses the relationship between element level and chip level EM failure probability and provides examples of EM evaluation of chip designs.
Recombinant Infectious Bronchitis Viruses Expressing Chimeric Spike Glycoproteins Induce Partial Protective Immunity against Homologous Challenge despite Limited ReplicationIn Vivo (2018)

Vaccination regimes against <i>Infectious bronchitis virus</i> (IBV), which are based on a single virus serotype, often induce insufficient levels of cross-protection against serotypes and two or more antigenically diverse vaccines are used in attempt to provide broader protection. Amino acid differences in the surface protein, spike (S), in particular the S1 subunit, are associated with poor cross-protection. Here, homologous vaccination trials with recombinant IBVs (rIBVs), based on the apathogenic strain, BeauR, were conducted to elucidate the role of S1 in protection. A single vaccination of specific-pathogen-free chickens with rIBV expressing S1 of virulent strains M41 or QX, BeauR-M41(S1) and BeauR-QX(S1), gave incomplete protection against homologous challenge, based on ciliary activity and clinical signs. There could be conformational issues with the spike if heterologous S1 and S2 are linked, suggesting a homologous S2 might be essential. To address this, a homologous vaccination-challenge trial incorporating rIBVs expressing full spike from M41, BeauR-M41(S), and S2 subunit from M41, BeauR-M41(S2) was conducted. All chimeric viruses grew to similar titers <i>in vitro</i>, induced virus-specific partial protective immunity, evident by cellular infiltrations, reductions in viral RNA load in the trachea and conjunctiva and higher serum anti-IBV titers. Collectively, these findings show that vaccination with rIBVs primed the birds for challenge but the viruses were cleared rapidly from the mucosal tissues in the head. Chimeric S1 and S2 viruses did not protect as effectively as BeauR-M41(S) based on ciliary activity and clinical signs. Booster vaccinations and an rIBV with improved <i>in vivo</i> replication may improve the levels of protection.<b>IMPORTANCE</b> Infectious bronchitis virus causes an acute, highly contagious respiratory disease, responsible for significant economic losses to the poultry industry. Amino acid differences in the surface protein, spike (S), in particular the S1 subunit, have been associated with poor cross-protection. Available vaccines give poor cross-protection and rationally designed live attenuated vaccines, based on apathogenic BeauR, could address these. Here, to determine the role of S1 in protection, a series of homologous vaccination trials with rIBVs were conducted. Single vaccinations with chimeric rIBVs induced virus-specific partial protective immunity, characterized by reduction in viral load and serum antibody titers. However, BeauR-M41(S) was the only vaccination to improve the level of protection against clinical signs and the loss of tracheal ciliary activity. Growth characteristics show that all of the rIBVs replicated <i>in vitro</i> to similar levels. Booster vaccinations and an rIBV with improved <i>in vivo</i> replication may improve the levels of protection.
[Quantitative analysis of cell-kill effects of anticancer drugs: consideration of both in vitro and in vivo experimental systems]. (1987)

After examining the in vitro cell-kill kinetics of various anticancer drugs by using cultured human cell lines, Shimoyama et al. classified the drugs into two groups according to the types of action: 1) type-I drugs (cytocidal and concentration-dependent action) such as alkylating agents and anticancer antibiotics; 2) type-II drugs (cytostatic and time-dependent action) such as antimetabolites, Vinca alkaloids and L-asparaginase. In the present paper, we will present a rational basis for such a classification by using cell-kill pharmacodynamic models, and consider the optimal dosage regimen depending on the type of drugs by combining the cell-kill kinetic and pharmacokinetic models. In these models, classification of the drugs depends on whether the cell population is kinetically homogenous or not. It is assumed that cell population is homogenous for type-I drugs and there exist both drug sensitive and insensitive cell populations for type-II drugs. The concentration (or dose)-time-cell survival curves in both in vitro and in vivo, which are simulated based on the kinetic models, are consistent with the experimental data found in the literature. Further analysis on the optimal dose regimen according to these kinetic models clarified that the type-I drugs showed a similar cell-kill effect irrespective of the mode of administration as long as the area under the plasma unbound concentration curves (AUCp, free) is kept constant, while the type-II drugs are more effective by multiple dosing or infusion regimen than single administration of a large dose of drugs. In other words, the extents of AUCp, free and the residence time in the plasma (above certain concentrations of drugs) are determinants of the in vivo cell-kill effects of type-I drugs and type-II drugs, respectively. If the pharmacokinetics of newly developed anticancer drugs in human are predicted from the animal data according to the so-called "animal scale-up" technique and combined with the in vitro cell-kill kinetic data by the use of proposed kinetic models, one may obtain not only the optimal dosage regimen but also good screening systems for truly active drugs for the treatment of human cancer.
CSF and plasma beta-casomorphin-like opioid peptides in postpartum psychosis (1984)

The authors measured opioid receptor-active components in the CSF of 11 women with postpartum psychosis, 11 healthy lactating women, and 16 healthy women who were not lactating. Activity that eluted with 0.2 M acetic acid 0.7-0.9 times the total volume of the column (fraction II activity) was significantly higher in the CSF of both healthy and psychotic women in the puerperium than in that of the lactating women. Very high levels of fraction II activity were seen in four psychotic patients. Material from these patients was further characterized by electrophoresis and high-performance liquid chromatography: The material migrated as bovine beta-casomorphin. Receptor-active material with the same characteristics was also found in the plasma of these four patients. The authors conclude that certain cases of postpartum psychosis are associated with the occurrence in plasma and CSF of unique opioid peptides probably related to bovine beta-casomorphin.