gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Crystal structure of 13-phenyl-2,3,4,13-tetrahydro-1H-indazolo[1,2-b]phthalazine-1,6,11-trione (2015)

The title compound, C21H16N2O3, consists of an indazolone moiety, bearing a phenyl group, fused to a phthalazine ring system (r.m.s. deviation = 0.018 Å). The phenyl ring is almost normal to the mean plane of the five-membered ring of the indazolone moiety, making a dihedral angle of 89.64 (7)°. The six-membered ring of the indazolone moiety has an envelope conformation, with the central methyl-ene C atom as the flap. In the crystal, mol-ecules are linked via C-H⋯O hydrogen bonds, forming slabs parallel to the bc plane. The slabs are linked via C-H⋯π and π-π inter-actions [the shortest inter-centroid distance involving rings of pyrazolo-phthalazine moieties is 3.6430 (8) Å], forming a three-dimensional structure.
Transition from E to H mode discharge in pulse-modulated inductively coupled plasmas (2003)

Time-resolved measurements of pulse-modulated inductively coupled plasmas were carried out by using a Langmuir probe. It was found that under a certain set of conditions (a mixture of 20% O2 and 80% Ar, a pressure of 2.67 Pa, an rf power of 200 W, a pulse frequency of 500 Hz, and an rf-off time of 100 μs), a plasma transits from E mode (capacitive coupling mode) to H mode (inductive coupling mode) after the rf-off time. With a shorter rf-off time of 50 μs, the plasma returned to H mode without passing through E mode. Whether H mode or E mode appears after the rf-off time depends on the electron density at the end of the afterglow. Namely, the restoration to H mode after the rf-off time occurs if the plasma has an adequate electron density, and E mode occurs if electron density is not enough to sustain H mode. It was also found that electron temperature decreases and plasma potential increases gradually during E mode because of the change of the electron-energy distribution. The change of the plasma reduces the impedance mismatching gradually and increases the electron density until the transition to H mode occurs. Such mode transition behavior strongly depends on the basic characteristics of the plasma processing apparatus during continuous discharge and also on the condition of the chamber wall.
A comparison of the battery electric TU/e Lupo EL and VW Lupo 3L diesel (2012)

To gain more insight in different aspects of electric vehicles, the Dynamics and Control group of the Eindhoven University of Eindhoven has developed the Lupo Electric Lightweight (EL) as a research platform for electric mobility. A model of the powertrain of the Lupo EL is created and gives fairly accurate indications of the real-life performance of the Lupo EL. The deviation between the model and DC measurement results is less than 10%. According to the measurements results, the electric Lupo EL has significant lower carbon dioxide emissions than the Lupo 3L equipped with a diesel engine. The difference in CO2 emissions between the EL and 3L at constant speed is at least 8.9%. Batteries make the vehicle more expensive and result in additional CO2 emissions during production. The break-even distance is 82300 km for the CO2 emissions and 326400 km for the investments, if normal power grid electricity is used. If solar energy is used, the break-even distance would be 38600 km for the CO2 emissions and 243600 km for the investments. The range of the Lupo EL is between 150 and 200 km, depending on the driving conditions. Comparing the Lupo EL with other electric vehicles, like the Nissan Leaf and Smart ForTwo, the energy usage is fairly low.
Efficient algorithms for resource allocation in distributed and parallel query processing environments (2003)

Several effective algorithms are presented for the optimal allocation of computer resources in a proposed stream-oriented parallel-processing scheme for database operations. These algorithms can be utilized to obtain the optimal allocation of memory resources for every type of query in sequential-processing environments, parallel-processing environments with shared-memory multiprocessors, and distributed-processing environments. The computation complexities of the proposed algorithms are analyzed and used to clarify the effectiveness of those algorithms.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Synthesis, Structural Characterization, Magnetic Properties, and Ionic Conductivity of Na4MII3(PO4)2 (P2O7) (MII: Mn, Co, Ni) (2001)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Laser damage in optical materials (1986)

Emphasizes a morphological and phenomenological approach to the study of laser-induced damage. Presents a pictorial record of many of the different phenomena observed, as well as a discussion of scaling laws, cumulative damage and measurement techniques. Helpful appendices provide typical damage thresholds for numerous optical materials over a wide range of wavelengths. Useful for optical and laser physicists, optical system designers and engineers, laser and optical coating manufacturers and students taking courses in optoelectronics, lasers and electro-optics.
A Large Video Database for Computational Models of Induced Emotion (2013)

To contribute to the need for emotional databases and affective tagging, the LIRIS-ACCEDE is proposed in this paper. LIRIS-ACCEDE is an Annotated Creative Commons Emotional DatabasE composed of 9800 video clips extracted from 160 movies shared under Creative Commons licenses. It allows to make this database publicly available without copyright issues. The 9800 video clips (each 8-12 seconds long) are sorted along the induced valence axis, from the video perceived the most negatively to the video perceived the most positively. The annotation was carried out by 1518 annotators from 89 different countries using crowd sourcing. A baseline late fusion scheme using ground truth from annotations is computed to predict emotion categories in video clips.
Surgery, virtual reality, and the future. (2013)

MMVR has provided the leading forum for the multidisciplinary interaction and development of the use of Virtual Reality (VR) techniques in medicine, particularly in surgical practice. Here we look back at the foundations of our field, focusing on the use of VR in Surgery and similar interventional procedures, sum up the current status, and describe the challenges and opportunities going forward.
Spiral Wave Dynamics in Excitable Media with Spherical Geometries (2023)

&lt;p&gt;We describe the spatial and temporal organization of spiral and scroll waves in spherical shells of different sizes and solid spheres. We present simulation results for the evolution of the dynamics and clustering of spiral waves as a function of the excitability of the medium. The excitability, topology, and size of the domain places restrictions on how single and multiarmed spiral waves are organized in space. The results in spherical geometries are compared with those in planar twodimensional media. These studies are relevant to the dynamics of spiral waves in a variety of media including the heart, and chemical reactions on spherical surfaces. &lt;/p&gt;
HBF4- and AgBF4-Catalyzed ortho-Alkylation of Diarylamines and Phenols (2019)

A silver-tetrafluoroborate- or HBF<sub>4</sub>-catalyzed <i>ortho-</i>alkylation reaction of phenols and diarylamines with styrenes has been explored. A broad substrate scope is presented as well as mechanistic experiments and discussion.
Recognizing gaze aversion gestures in embodied conversational discourse (2006)

Eye gaze offers several key cues regarding conversational discourse during face-to-face interaction between people. While a large body of research results exist to document the use of gaze in human-to-human interaction, and in animating realistic embodied avatars, recognition of conversational eye gestures - distinct eye movement patterns relevant to discourse - has received less attention. We analyze eye gestures during interaction with an animated embodied agent and propose a non-intrusive vision-based approach to estimate eye gaze and recognize eye gestures. In our user study, human participants avert their gaze (i.e. with "look-away" or "thinking" gestures) during periods of cognitive load. Using our approach, an agent can visually differentiate whether a user is thinking about a response or is waiting for the agent or robot to take its turn.
Classification and Pose Estimation of Vehicles in Videos by 3D Modeling within Discrete-Continuous Optimization (2012)

This paper presents a framework for classification and pose estimation of vehicles in videos by assuming their given 3D models. We rank possible poses and types for each frame and exploit temporal coherence between consecutive frames for refinement. As a novelty, first, we cast the estimation of a vehicle's pose and type as a solution of a continuous optimization problem over space and time. Due to a non-convexity of this problem, good initial starting points are important. We propose to obtain them by a discrete temporal optimization reaching a global optimum on a ranked discrete set of possible types and poses. Second, to guarantee effectiveness of the proposed discrete-continuous optimization, we present a novel way to efficiently reduce the search space of potential 3D model types and poses for each frame for the discrete optimizer. It avoids common expensive evaluation of all possible discretized hypotheses. The key idea towards efficiency lies in a novel combination of detecting the vehicle, rendering the 3D models, matching projected edges to input images, and using a tree structured Markov Random Field to get fast and globally optimal inference and to force the vehicle follow a feasible motion model in the initial phase. Quantitative and qualitative experiments on a variety of videos with vast variation of vehicle types show superior results to state-of-the-art methods.
Metabolism of Pyrimidines in Protoplasts from Cultured Catharanthus roseus Cells* (1987)

The metabolism of [2-14C]thymine, [2-14C]thymidine, [2-14C]uracil and [14C]uridine was investigated in protoplasts obtained from suspension cultures of Catharanthus roseus. Most of the exogenously supplied thymine, thymidine and uracil was degraded, and salvage of these pyrimidines accounted for 5–36 per cent of the total amount of 14C-labelled precursors which was metabolized. However, more than 80 per cent of the labelled uridine was utilized for the biosynthesis of nucleotides and nucleic acids, and the rest was degraded. In contrast to the results from protoplasts of sugar cane cells in suspension culture, the data indicate that protoplasts possess a pathway for the degradation of pyrimidines, and that the overall metabolism of these pyrimidines in protoplasts is very similar to the metabolism in the intact cells.
Experience with a third generation recombinant factor VIII concentrate (Advate®) for immune tolerance induction in patients with haemophilia A (2009)

Summary. The development of an inhibitor represents one of the most challenging complications in patients with haemophilia A. Optimal management is immune tolerance induction (ITI), typically through the administration of high doses of factor VIII (FVIII) concentrate. Among 12 patients who underwent ITI using Advate, a third‐generation recombinant FVIII product that is free of animal and human protein additives, tolerance was achieved in nine (75%), including seven of 10 patients (70%) with high‐titre inhibitors. ITI is ongoing in two patients and not yet successful; immune tolerance failed in the third patient. The median time to success was 4.0 months for group as a whole and for patients with high‐titre inhibitors. Treatment was well tolerated, and no adverse events were observed. Advate was found to be equivalent to other FVIII products with regard to both ITI success rates and the incidence of adverse effects when used in these immune tolerance regimens.
Ultrafast dynamics of the acoustic vaporization of phase-change microdroplets (2013)

Acoustically sensitive emulsions are a promising tool for medical applications such as localized drug delivery. The physical mechanisms underlying the ultrasound-triggered nucleation and subsequent vaporization of these phase-change emulsions are largely unexplored. Here, the acoustic vaporization of individual micron-sized perfluoropentane (PFP) droplets is studied at a nanoseconds timescale. Highly diluted emulsions of PFP-in-water and oil-in-PFP-in-water droplets, ranging from 3.5 to 11 μm in radius, were prepared and the nucleation and growth of the vapor bubbles was imaged at frame rates of up to 20 Mfps. The droplet vaporization dynamics was observed to have three distinct regimes: (1) prior to nucleation, a regime of droplet deformation and oscillatory translations within the surrounding fluid along the propagation direction of the applied ultrasound; (2) a regime characterized by the rapid growth of a vapor bubble enhanced by ultrasound-driven rectified heat transfer; and (3) a final phase characterized by a relatively slow expansion, after ultrasound stops, that is fully dominated by heat transfer. A method to measure the moment of inception of the nucleation event with respect to the phase of the ultrasound wave is proposed. A simple physical model captures quantitatively all of the features of the subsequent vapor bubble growth.
Bolivar escritor, ante el espejo de la crítica (1999)

Post operative nerve injury following mandibular third molar (M3M) potentially impacts a significant number of patients. A lack of consensus for the management of trigeminal nerve injuries exists. It is important to know how clinicians manage these injuries, and how confidently. A 16-question online survey using SurveyMonkey was developed and sent to all current UK members of three oral srelated societies (ABAOMS, BAOS and BAOMS) from January 2021 to March 2021. The survey consisted of open free text, binomial and variable scale responses related to the management of inferior alveolar nerve and lingual nerve injuries. A total of 158 clinicians responded to the survey. The average number of M3M removed monthly over the last three years by a clinician was 25. The average number of nerve injuries seen in a clinician's practice, within the last three years, was three. Over two-thirds of respondents were only somewhat confident, not so confident, or not at all confident in the management of patients with inferior alveolar nerve (IAN) and lingual nerve (LN) injury. In occurrence of an injury, only 45% stated they would make an onward referral and a minority of clinicians had access to surgical repair within their own unit. Free text responses highlighted themes of a lack of UK awareness of management interventions and pathways for these patients. Clear national guidance on managing trigeminal nerve injuries was a commonly desired theme from responding clinicians. Joint speciality partnerships and a national nerve repair registry is now required.
Modèles et algorithmes pour la reconfiguration de systèmes répartis utilisés en téléphonie cellulaire (2007)

This PhD thesis is devoted to the study of a strongly NP-hard resource-constrained scheduling problem: the Process Move Programming problem. This problem arises from the telecommunication industry, in relation to the operability of certain high availability real-time distributed systems such as the BSCe3, a wireless switching system commercialized by Nortel.<br />Informally, the problem consists, starting from an arbitrary admissible initial distribution of processes on the processors of a distributed system, in finding a least disruptive sequence of operations (non-impacting process migrations or temporary process interruptions) at the end of which the system ends up in another predefined arbitrary state. The main constraint lies in the fact that the capacity of the processors must not be exceeded during the reconfiguration. <br />We have approached this scheduling problem from different angles. First, we have established its strong NP-hardness and exhibited a number of polynomial special cases. Then, in terms of exact resolution in the general case, we have devised two tree search algorithms: one of them is based on the investigation of the combinatorial structure of the problem and the other on polyhedral insights. The practical relevance of these algorithms has been demonstrated through extensive computational experiments. Lastly, motivated by the constraints implied by the real-time nature of our industrial application, we have designed a simulated annealing-based efficient approximate resolution algorithm and, building on our work on exact resolution, empirically demonstrated its practical ability to produce acceptable solutions, in a precisely defined sense.
Simulations of ponderomotive effects in inductively coupled plasmas (2005)

The electromagnetic quasineutral particle-in-cell code, simulating interaction of a plane electromagnetic wave with a plasma slab, is developed. The code is used to study the ponderomotive effects in a plasma with a finite temperature. Simulations in linear regime show the strong thermal reduction of the ponderomotive force, which is in a good agreement with the linear analytical theory. It is found that in the essentially nonlinear regime, when the electron trajectories are strongly modified, the amplitude of the ponderomotive force increases compared to the linear case, but remains lower than the classical cold plasma value. The transition from nonlinear to linear regime as a function of the amplitude of the driving electromagnetic field is investigated.
Intensity fluctuations at close ranges with application to underwater vehicle radiated noise measurements (1990)

For the next generation of quiet underwater vehicles, high-array gain noise measurements systems, with accuracy on the order of 1 dB, are necessary. The design of these systems requires evaluation of the propagation stability over the short ranges normally encountered during radiated noise trials. Intensity fluctuations were measured at AUTEC at frequencies 1 kHz&amp;lt;f&amp;lt;20 kHz, at ranges r&amp;lt;1 km, at source depths SD = 90 m, 240 m, and 580 m, and at several grazing angles 0° &amp;lt; θ &amp;lt; 40°. Measured TL often differed from spherical spreading by greater than 5 dB for f &amp;gt; 2 kHz, θ near 0°, and r &amp;gt; 200 m at all source depths. This difference, with a few exceptions, fell off rapidly to less than 1 dB for grazing angles greater than 4°. The mean and standard deviation of the TL difference from spherical spreading were estimated in 1° grazing angle bands. The standard deviation was lower at the deeper source depths and always fell off rapidly for θ &amp;gt; 4°. The mean value was not always lower at deeper source depths and, although it fell off rapidly for θ &amp;gt; 4° and f &amp;lt; 8 kHz, it did not always do so at the higher frequencies. These higher frequency and higher angle measurements, however, were associated with longer range measurements (r &amp;gt; 500 m). Theoretical predictions of the TL using a fine structure CTD measurement as input to the SAFARI propagation routine explain most of the results seen and suggest that the mean errors seen at higher grazing angles will go away for f &amp;lt; 500 m. All of these results indicate that intensity accuracy on the order of 1 dB can be achieved for f &amp;lt; 20 kHz and r &amp;lt; 500 m (or f &amp;lt; 8 kHz and r &amp;lt; 1 km) by making radiated noise measurements at θ &amp;gt; 4° or by restricting ranges to less than 200 m.
Structural Changes of Cassava Starch Granules after Heating at Intermediate Water Contents (1997)

Abstract DSC thermograms of cassava starch granules heated at two intermediate moisture contents of 35 and 45% of the total weight (w.t.) reveal the existence of two endothermic steps in their progressive disorganization. Structural changes have been studied by combining polarized light microscopy and electron microscopy (scanning and transmission electron microscopy). An instability of starch granule behaviour, both at granular and crystalline levels is observed at each treatment temperature. As temperature and moisture content increase, the loss of birefringence was observed in an increasing number of granules, suggesting that there is a competition of granules for water. The loss of birefringence initiates first at the hilum and is associated with the formation of cavities in the central region of the granules, showing that the disorganization first affects the less organized areas of the granule. In limited water content conditions, the radial extension of the central cavity towards the granule surface is not observed. The limited crystalline disorganization which is restricted to the inner part of the granule does not allow either a major swelling of granules or an extensive leaching of macromolecules out of granules. Increasing temperatures progressively induced the loss of granular integrity and the development of an homogeneous matrix. These structural changes are in agreement with the cooperative disorganization model of starch crystallites following which the crystalline disorganization is facilitated by the presence of water or by the plasticization of the amorphous regions connected to these crystallites.
Regulating nutrient allocation in plants (2023)

The invention provides coding and promoter sequences for a VS-1 and AP-2 gene, which affects the developmental process of senescence in plants. Vectors, transgenic plants, seeds, and host cells comprising heterologous VS-1 and AP-2 genes are also provided. Additionally provided are methods of altering nutrient allocation and composition in a plant using the VS-1 and AP-2 genes.
High-specific-activity labeling of peptides with the new metal-containing fragment [Tc(N)(PXP)]2 (2000)

s: Abstracts of an International Conference on Peptide Radiopharmaceuticals in Diagnosis and Therapy Rome, Italy, 25-28 May 2000: Oral Presentations
CO 2 /HCO 3 Modulates Receptor Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase Gamma (RPTPγ) Activity (2008)

RPTPγ is a type I tyrosine phosphatase receptor with an extracellular carbonic anhydrase‐like domain (γCAH) with 40% sequence identity to type‐α carbonic anhydrases. Carbonic anhydrases are highly efficient zinc metalloenzymes that catalyze the reversible hydration of CO 2 . However γCAH lacks two of three zinccoordinating histidine residues required for catalysis. We hypothesize that CO 2 or HCO 3 , via γCAH, modulates the tyrosine phosphatase activity of RPTPγ. We expressed full‐length, HA‐tagged human RPTPγ in Xenopus oocytes and exposed single oocytes to HEPES (balance air, pH 7.50), or 5% CO 2 /33 mM HCO 3 (balance air, pH 7.50) for 10 min, gently lysed the cell, and measured phosphatase activity using p‐nitrophenyl phosphate hydrolysis. Untreated or HEPES‐treated RPTPγ‐expressing oocytes have: (1) phosphatase activity well above that of uninjected or water‐injected controls and (2) a 300‐kDa band (detected by western blot) that is consistent with RPTPγ dimers. With RPTPγ oocytes, treatment with 5% CO 2 /33 mM HCO 3 causes: (1) a ~4‐fold increase in phosphatase activity compared to treatment with HEPES and (2) the concurrent appearance of a 160‐kDa band. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that CO 2 or HCO 3 can induce monomerization and activation of RPTPγ.
Laser-induced population transfer in multistate systems: A comparative study (1992)

We examine similarities and differences in three schemes that are capable of producing complete population transfer in multistate systems: generalized \ensuremath{\pi} pulses, adiabatic passage by pulse chirping, and counterintuitive pulses or stimulated Raman adiabatic passage. We use the picture of adiabatic following through avoided crossings of instantaneous eigenvalues to exhibit the essential differences between the latter two procedures.