gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Primary processes in the type I photocleavage of dibenzyl ketones. A pulsed laser and photochemically induced dynamic nuclear polarization study (1987)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPrimary processes in the type I photocleavage of dibenzyl ketones. A pulsed laser and photochemically induced dynamic nuclear polarization studyIan R. Gould, Bruce H. Baretz, and Nicholas J. TurroCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1987, 91, 4, 925–929Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1987Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1987https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100288a032https://doi.org/10.1021/j100288a032research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views125Altmetric-Citations43LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Submicron Silica/Polystyrene Composite Particles Prepared by a One-Step Sol−Gel Process (2003)

We describe a convenient, one-step sol−gel route to composite polymeric organic−inorganic particles. The synthesis is based on performing the sol−gel polycondensation within a surfactant-stabilized emulsion of a solution of a polymer polystyrene of various molecular weights in tetraethoxysilane, with or without toluene, all dispersed in a basic ethanolic medium. The parameters that dictate the formation of the composite bicontinuous particles were explored and characterized by several methods including TEM, surface area and porosity measurements, high-resolution XPS, TGA, DSC, UV, and FTIR spectroscopies. The particles are obtained in monomodal distributions with diameters in the range of 200−500 nm, depending on the preparation conditions. The polystyrene phase is extractable, and when this extraction is carried out porous silica particles are obtained. Likewise, partial extraction leads to core−shell architecture. The particles were also found to be good carriers for entrapped dye molecules with no leaching. Because of the hybrid nature of the particles, both hydrophobic dyes (Sudan III and IV) and hydrophilic dyes (the cationic Nile blue A) can be entrapped, utilizing the hydrophobic/hydrophilic phases of this composite material, respectively.
Towards CARS Endoscopy (2006)

We provide a proof-of-principle demonstration of CARS endoscopy. The design utilizes a single mode optical fiber with a focusing unit attached to the distal end. Picosecond pump and Stokes pulse trains in the near infrared are delivered through the fiber with nearly unaltered spectral and temporal characteristics at intensities needed for endoscopy. CARS endoscopic images are recorded by collecting the epi-CARS signal generated at the sample and raster scanning the sample with respect to the fiber. This CARS endoscope prototype represents an important step towards in situ chemically selective imaging for biomedical applications.
Poster (2011)

In this paper we present the design and implementation of a security framework that extends the reference monitor of the Android middleware and deploys a mandatory access control on Linux kernel (based on Tomoyo [9]) aiming at detecting and preventing application-level privilege escalation attacks at runtime. In contrast to existing solutions, our framework is system-centric, efficient, detects attacks that involve communication channels controlled by both, Android middleware and the Linux kernel (particularly, Binder IPC, Internet sockets and file system). It can prevent known confused deputy attacks without false positives and is also flexible enough to prevent unknown confused deputy attacks and attacks by colluding applications (e.g., Soundcomber [11]) at the cost of a small rate of false positives.
Impact of saturation and current command selection on the performance of sensorless controlled three-pole active magnetic bearings (2010)

This paper analyzes two types of effects caused by the fundamental current in saliency-tracking based techniques for sensorless control of three-pole active magnetic bearings: saturation and insufficient spectral separation of the fundamental current command during transients. Injection of a high frequency signal superimposed to the fundamental excitation providing active control, allows the measurement of changes in the air gap, from which an estimation of the rotor position can be obtained. Interference of the fundamental current, needed to operate the magnetic bearing, with the high frequency current can occur through two mechanisms: 1) saturation and 2) high frequency harmonics caused by fast transients of the fundamental current. Both phenomena can interfere with the sensorless control resulting in a decrease of its performance. The effects caused by the fundamental current on the negative sequence high frequency current, used as position estimation signal, are studied and a decoupling mechanism is proposed. An analysis of high frequency leakage flux is presented and a simple analytical model is developed for describing the aforementioned phenomena. Finite element analysis (FEA) of the magnetic bearing under fundamental excitation as well as experimental verification are used to validate the analytical findings.
Author response: Gallbladder adenocarcinomas undergo subclonal diversification and selection from precancerous lesions to metastatic tumors (2022)

As the first to track clonal evolution from precancerous to metastatic lesions in gallbladder cancer patients, spatial and temporal analyses reveal how subclonal diversity in precancerous stage changes toward the metastasis, which help early detection and effective treatment of cancer.
Macrophages – sensors and effectors coordinating skin damage and repair (2014)

Restoration of skin integrity and homeostasis following injury is a vital process. Wound healing disorders, including chronic skin ulcers and pathological scarring, are of major clinical impact. The current therapeutic approaches are often not sufficient. The development of novel efficient therapies requires a thorough understanding of the underlying molecular mechanisms. A cardinal feature of non-healing skin ulcers and excessive scarring is a prolonged inflammatory response at the wound site, which aborts the healing response. Modulation of the local immune response may be an effective therapeutic strategy to correct impaired healing conditions. Yet, the specific mechanisms of inflammation, particularly the role of the diverse leukocyte lineages attracted to the site of tissue damage, have not been resolved. Recent findings in diverse experimental model systems and clinical studies have refined the understanding of monocyte/macrophage biology and the role of cells of the monocytic lineage in tissue regeneration. Thus, monocytes/macrophages are emerging as novel and interesting therapeutic targets to interfere in wound healing pathologies. In this article we will review the role of monocytes/macrophages in skin repair in the light of the recent literature and findings from our own group. This article will provide a rationale for monocyte/macrophage-based therapies to facilitate the healing response.
Surface Energy Measurements of Comminuted Silicates: Implications for Cosmochemical Processes (1994)

Interactions at the surfaces of very small particles are fundamentally related to cosmochemical processes. Greenberg [I] and others state that some interstellar grains typically are sub-pm, amorphous silicate particles which act as &amp;quot;seedlings &amp;quot; onto which gaseous atoms and molecules are adsorbed creating core-and-mantle grains of volatile, particularly organic, molecules [Z]. Likewise, scenarios proposed for planetary formation assume an adhesive process which commenced particle flocculation in what Dodd [3] refers to as &amp;quot;some means of...getting the first few grains to stick together &amp;quot; when they are too large to be held by static electrical forces and too small to have appreciable gravitational fields [4]. Recent research into interfacial phenomena of very small particles has led to innovative methods of measuring surface energy components for powders and fikrs. One application of this line of research currently involves examining the total interaction energy of cohesion of volcanic ash, in liquid media, to predict the potential for this material to form massive mudflows [q. In extending the application of these same techniques to non-terrestrial phenomena, the surface thermodynamic properties of several common silicate minerals were measured using the thin-layer wicking method. The free energy of cohesion between particles was then calculated from the surface thermodynamic properties. Enstatite (MgSi03), forsterite (Mg2Si04), quartz (Si02), and antigorite (Mg3Si205(OH)4) were incre-mentally comminuted by percussive grinding for 15, 30, 60, 120, 240 and 480 minutes with the dual purpose
High-Throughput SAXS for the Characterization of Biomolecules in Solution: A Practical Approach (2013)

The recent innovation of collecting X-ray scattering from solutions containing purified macromolecules in high-throughput has yet to be truly exploited by the biological community. Yet, this capability is becoming critical given that the growth of sequence and genomics data is significantly outpacing structural biology results. Given the huge mismatch in information growth rates between sequence and structural methods, their combined high-throughput and high success rate make high-throughput small angle X-ray scattering (HT-SAXS) analyses increasingly valuable. HT-SAXS connects sequence as well as NMR and crystallographic results to biological outcomes by defining the flexible and dynamic complexes controlling cell biology. Commonly falling under the umbrella of bio-SAXS, HT-SAXS data collection pipelines have or are being developed at most synchrotrons. How investigators practically get their biomolecules of interest into these pipelines, balance sample requirements and manage HT-SAXS data output format varies from facility to facility. While these features are unlikely to be standardized across synchrotron beamlines, a detailed description of HT-SAXS issues for one pipeline provides investigators with a practical guide to the general procedures they will encounter. One of the longest running and generally accessible HT-SAXS endstations is the SIBYLS beamline at the Advanced Light Source in Berkeley CA. Here we describe the current state of the SIBYLS HT-SAXS pipeline, what is necessary for investigators to integrate into it, the output format and a summary of results from 2 years of operation. Assessment of accumulated data informs issues of concentration, background, buffers, sample handling, sample shipping, homogeneity requirements, error sources, aggregation, radiation sensitivity, interpretation, and flags for concern. By quantitatively examining success and failures as a function of sample and data characteristics, we define practical concerns, considerations, and concepts for optimally applying HT-SAXS techniques to biological samples.
Optical Magnetic Field Sensors Using Iron Garnet Crystals (2005)

This paper describes the development of optical fiber sensors in NGK Insulators, Ltd., mainly optical magnetic field sensor using Yttrium Iron Garnet crystals and its application to ground fault current detector.
DAC-less and amplifier-less generation and transmission of 16QAM signals using a sub-volt silicon photonic modulator (2014)

We demonstrate generation and transmission of QPSK and 16QAM signals by directly interfacing highly efficient silicon-organic hybrid (SOH) modulators to GTH ports of an FPGA. Peak-to-peak voltages amount to only 0.41 V <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">pp.</inf> Neither digital-to-analog converters (DAC) nor drive amplifiers are required.
Fatigue Behaviour of Carbon Black Filled Rubber Vulcanizates at High Temperature and under Swollen Conditions (1992)

Fatigue behaviour of gum and carbon black filled natural rubber and styrene butadiene rubber vulcanizates has been investigated at constant strain and constant stress at 75° and 125 °C. Samples swollen in paraffin oil have also been examined. For all the vulcanizates, the cut growth increases with number of cycle. NR vulcanizates show rapid cut growth with increase in filler loading whereas cut growth is slowed for SBR vulcanizates up to 50 phr loading. At 50 phr loading of different types of carbon black (N220, N375, N550 and N660) NR samples display increase in cut growth with an increase in sur face area of carbon black. An opposite trend is shown for SBR sample. The criti cal number of cycles at which the cut growth becomes rapid varies with the nature and loading of filler and temperature. At constant stress however, the cut growth becomes slower with increase in loading. All the above results could be explained with the help of strain energy density and number of flaw sites. Cut growth rate increases with tearing energy for both NR and SBR at 75°C and 125 ° C and is higher at a particular tearing energy for filled NR vulcanizates (up to 50 phr) as compared to gum. SBR vulcanizates show an op posite trend. Cut growth could not be followed for paraffin oil swollen samples. These fail catastrophically. The fatigue life of these swollen samples could also be explained with the help of strain energy density. Fracture surface morphol ogy as revealed by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM)/Optical Microscopy of the samples is not much different from the surface generated during failure at room temperature. The swollen samples show large cracks and roughness; the gum samples show smoother surface.
Long Short-Term Transformer for Online Action Detection (2021)

We present Long Short-term TRansformer (LSTR), a temporal modeling algorithm for online action detection, which employs a long- and short-term memory mechanism to model prolonged sequence data. It consists of an LSTR encoder that dynamically leverages coarse-scale historical information from an extended temporal window (e.g., 2048 frames spanning of up to 8 minutes), together with an LSTR decoder that focuses on a short time window (e.g., 32 frames spanning 8 seconds) to model the fine-scale characteristics of the data. Compared to prior work, LSTR provides an effective and efficient method to model long videos with fewer heuristics, which is validated by extensive empirical analysis. LSTR achieves state-of-the-art performance on three standard online action detection benchmarks, THUMOS'14, TVSeries, and HACS Segment. Code has been made available at: https://xumingze0308.github.io/projects/lstr
Orotylamino Acids (1963)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTOrotylamino AcidsDonald G. Crosby and Robert V. BertholdCite this: J. Med. Chem. 1963, 6, 3, 334–335Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1963Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1963https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jm00339a030https://doi.org/10.1021/jm00339a030research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views100Altmetric-Citations5LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Relations entre fonctionnement mitochondrial et types contractiles des fibres musculaires (2006)

Le muscle, tissu d’importance économique majeure chez les animaux producteurs de viande, est un tissu composite comprenant en majeure partie des fibres musculaires qui constituent une population très hétérogène aux caractéristiques contractiles et métaboliques variées. Les relations entre type contractile des fibres et fonctionnement mitochondrial, un composant essentiel du métabolisme énergétique musculaire, restent mal connues. Leur compréhension est pourtant essentielle pour espérer mieux maîtriser l’impact du type de fibres sur les diverses composantes de la qualité de la viande. Une analyse fine de la composante mitochondriale du fonctionnement énergétique des fi-bres a donc été entreprise en relation avec leurs caractéristiques contractiles. Les résultats indiquent que, contrairement aux fibres rapides de types IIX et IIB, la régulation mitochondriale dans les fibres lentes de type I et, dans une moindre mesure, de type rapide IIA est hautement spécialisée avec une optimisation de l’efficacité des mitochondries (couplage entre oxydation et phosphorylation, capacité oxydative maximale), une restriction de leur perméabilité à l’ADP et un couplage fonctionnel entre les kinases mitochondriales et la production d’ATP, permettant un transfert efficace de l’énergie vers les myosines. De plus, la régulation mitochondriale et les transferts énergétiques sont modulés par l’activation calcium-dépendante des ATPases portées par les myosines.
Fabrication and Optical Properties of Large-Scale ZnO Nanotube Bundles via a Simple Solution Route (2007)

Large-scale ZnO nanotube bundles were successfully synthesized by a single solution method at lower temperature. Every ZnO nanotube bundle is composed of closely packed nanotubes, with inner diameters of ∼350 nm and wall thicknesses of ∼60 nm, and forms radiating structures. The influence of the reaction time on the size and shapes of the ZnO samples was studied in detail, and the results revealed that the reaction time plays an important role in determining final morphologies of the samples. The formation of the tubular structure may be due to the selective dissolution of the metastable Zn-rich (0001) polar surfaces, and a possible growth model was proposed. Optical properties of the ZnO nanotube bundles were also investigated by photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy. It was found that the UV emission peak of the nanotube bundles did not change its position, while the visible emission band showed an obvious red shift when the nanotube bundles were annealed in ambient oxygen. Moreover, the UV emission was further identified to originate from the radiative free exciton recombination by the temperature-dependent PL.
Less pain, most of the gain (2013)

Information-Centric Networking (ICN) has seen a significant resurgence in recent years. ICN promises benefits to users and service providers along several dimensions (e.g., performance, security, and mobility). These benefits, however, come at a non-trivial cost as many ICN proposals envision adding significant complexity to the network by having routers serve as content caches and support nearest-replica routing. This paper is driven by the simple question of whether this additional complexity is justified and if we can achieve these benefits in an incrementally deployable fashion. To this end, we use trace-driven simulations to analyze the quantitative benefits attributed to ICN (e.g., lower latency and congestion). Somewhat surprisingly, we find that pervasive caching and nearest-replica routing are not fundamentally necessary---most of the performance benefits can be achieved with simpler caching architectures. We also discuss how the qualitative benefits of ICN (e.g., security, mobility) can be achieved without any changes to the network. Building on these insights, we present a proof-of-concept design of an incrementally deployable ICN architecture.
Role of the papillary muscle in opening and closure of the mitral valve (1980)

Dimensional changes of the left ventricular anterolateral papillary muscle of six open-chest dogs were measured continuously throughout the cardiac cycle in order to evaluate the role of the papillary muscle in opening and closing of the mitral valve. Dimensional changes were measured with ultrasonic dimension gauges. Maximal shortening and maximal elongation of the papillary muscle followed maximal shortening and elongation of a segment of the free wall of the left ventricle by 65 +/- 6 (SE) ms. Maximal elongation of the papillary muscle occurred 25 +/- 2 ms after the onset of ejection. Maximal shortening of the papillary muscle occurred 68 +/- 5 ms after the aortic incisura and 10 +/- 2 ms after the crossover of left ventricular and left atrial pressure. The papillary muscle shortened 14 +/- 4%. The percentage of papillary muscle shortening that occurred after the aortic incisura was 39 +/- 7%, and the percentage of shortening that occurred after the crossover of left ventricular and left atrial pressure was 3 +/- 1%. The observed shortening of the papillary muscle throughout left ventricular isovolumic relaxation suggests that the papillary muscle may have a role in opening the mitral valve. Conversely, elongation of the papillary muscle in the late portion of diastole appears necessary to permit proper closure of the mitral valve leaflets.
Animal Biowarfare Research: Historical Perspective and Potential Future Attacks (2012)

A biological attack on livestock or poultry could result in the loss of valuable animals, costs related to the containment of outbreaks and the disposal of carcasses, lost trade and other economic effects involving suppliers, transporters, distributors and restaurants; however, it is not possible to secure all livestock, and livestock are much less well guarded than human targets. Thus, the vulnerability of the livestock industry to the introduction of biological agents varies for the following reasons: (i) the majority of lethal and contagious biological agents are environmentally resilient, endemic in foreign countries and harmless to humans, making it easier for terrorists to acquire, handle and deploy these pathogens, (ii) with animals concentrated in fewer production facilities and frequently transported between these facilities, a single pathogen introduction could cause widespread infection and (iii) the extent of human travel around the globe makes it difficult to exclude exotic animal diseases as possible biological agents. Historically, many governments have developed and planned to use biological agents for direct attacks on livestock or poultry. In the past, developed nations have actively developed biological weapons to target animals. The potential spectrum of bioterrorism ranges from isolated acts against individuals by individuals to tactical and strategic military attacks and state-sponsored international terrorism intended to cause mass casualties in animals, humans or both. This review provides an overview of the past development and use of biological weapons and describes potential future attacks.