gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Differential distribution of glycine transporters in Müller cells and neurons in amphibian retinas (2007)

Amphibian retinas are commonly used for electrophysiological studies on neural function and transduction because they share the same general properties as higher vertebrate retinas. Glycinergic synapses have been well described in amphibian retinas. However, the role of glycine transporters in the synapses is largely unknown. We studied the distribution and function of glycine transporters in the retinas from tiger salamanders, mudpuppies, and leopard frogs by immunofluorescence labeling and whole-cell recording methods. Our results indicated that GlyT1- and GlyT2-like transporters were present in Müller cells and neurons, respectively. GlyT1 labeling was present in Müller glial cells and co-localized with Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), a Müller cell marker, whereas the GlyT2 immunoreactivity was present in the somas of amacrine cells (ACs) and processes in the inner plexiform layer (IPL) and the outer plexiform layer (OPL). Because the axon processes of glycinergic interplexiform cells (IPCs) are the only source of glycine input in the OPL, GlyT2 staining revealed a spatial pattern of the axon processes of IPCs in the OPL. The function of GlyT2 in the IPCs was studied in tiger salamander retinal horizontal cells (HCs) by whole-cell gramicidin perforated recording. The results demonstrated that inhibition of GlyT2 by a specific inhibitor, amoxapine, increased a tonic glycine input to HCs. Thus, the GlyT2 transporter is responsible for uptake of synaptic glycine in the outer retina. We also compared the distribution of glycine transporters in other amphibian species: salamander, mudpuppy, and frog. The results are consistent with the general pattern that GlyT1-like transporters are present in Müller cells and GlyT2-like transporters in neurons in amphibian retinas.
Learning to detect concepts from webly-labeled video data (2016)

Learning detectors that can recognize concepts, such as people actions, objects, etc., in video content is an interesting but challenging problem. In this paper, we study the problem of automatically learning detectors from the big video data on the web without any additional manual annotations. The contextual information available on the web provides noisy labels to the video content. To leverage the noisy web labels, we propose a novel method called WEbly-Labeled Learning (WELL). It is established on two theories called curriculum learning and self-paced learning and exhibits useful properties that can be theoretically verified. We provide compelling insights on the latent non-convex robust loss that is being minimized on the noisy data. In addition, we propose two novel techniques that not only enable WELL to be applied to big data but also lead to more accurate results. The efficacy and the scalability of WELL have been extensively demonstrated on two public benchmarks, including the largest multimedia dataset and the largest manually-labeled video set. Experimental results show that WELL significantly outperforms the state-of-the-art methods. To the best of our knowledge, WELL achieves by far the best reported performance on these two webly-labeled big video datasets.
Lasers, Gas (2004)

Abstract This article reviews the characteristics of gas lasers that are chiefly responsible for their effectiveness as both scientific and industrial tool. The basic principles common to operation of all gas lasers and a few of their general properties are discussed. The lasers are categorized according to the pumping mechanisms: electron‐impact excitation (copper and gold laser, Ar‐ and Kr‐ion lasers), excitation transfer (He–Ne laser, He–Cd laser, CO 2 laser), reactive collision lasers (excimer laser (ArF, KrF, XeCl, XeF, F 2 ), chemical lasers (HF, COIL)), and other lasers in the far infrared, ultraviolet, and soft X‐ray region. Selected applications of pulsed and continuous gas lasers are presented in material processing, marking and laser evaporation, microlithography, photochemical processing, stereolithography, and medicine.
Matching pursuit of images (2002)

A crucial problem in image analysis is to construct efficient low-level representations of an image, providing precise characterization of features which compose it, such as edges and texture components. An image usually contains very different types of features, which have been successfully modelled by the very redundant family of 2D Gabor oriented wavelets, describing the local properties of the image: localization, scale, preferred orientation, amplitude and phase of the discontinuity. However, this model generates representations of very large size. Instead of decomposing a given image over this whole set of Gabor functions, we use an adaptive algorithm (called matching pursuit) to select the Gabor elements which approximate at best the image, corresponding to the main features of the image. This produces compact representation in terms of few features that reveal the local image properties. Results proved that the elements are precisely localized on the edges of the images, and give a local decomposition as linear combinations of "textons" in the textured regions. We introduce a fast algorithm to compute the matching pursuit decomposition.
Sodium-pump gene-expression, protein abundance and enzyme activity in isolated nephron segments of the aging rat kidney (2015)

Aging is associated with alteration in renal tubular functions, including sodium handling and concentrating ability. Na-K-ATPase plays a key role in driving tubular transport, and we hypothesized that decreased concentrating ability of the aging kidney is due in part to downregulation of Na-K-ATPase. In this study, we evaluated Na and K balance, aldosterone levels, and Na-K-ATPase gene expression, protein abundance, and activity in aging rat kidney. Na-K-ATPase activity (assayed microfluorometrically), mRNA (RT-PCR), and protein abundance (immunoblotting) were quantitated in the following isolated nephron segments: PCT, PST, MTAL, DCT, and CCD from 2, 8, 15, and 24 month-old-rats. In the course of aging, creatinine clearance decreased from 0.48 ± 0.02 mL/min/100 g BW to 0.28 ± 0.06 (P < 0.001) and aldosterone decreased from 23.6 ± 0.8 ng/dL to 13.2 ± 0.6 (P < 0.001). Serum Na(+) and K(+) increased by 4.0% and 22.5%, respectively. Na-K-ATPase activity, mRNA, and protein abundance of the α1 subunit displayed similar trends in all assayed segments; increasing in PCT and PST; decreasing in MTAL and DCT; increasing in CCD: in PCT they increased by 40%, 75%, and 250%, respectively; while in PST they increased by 80%, 50%, and 100%, respectively (P < 0.001). In MTAL they declined by 36%, 24%, and 34%, respectively, and in DCT by 38%, 59%, and 60%, respectively (P < 0.001). They were higher in CCD by 110%, 115%, and 246%, respectively (P < 0.001). Rats maintained Na/K balance; however with a steady state elevated serum K(+). These results reveal quantitative changes in axial distribution of Na-K-ATPase at the level of gene expression, protein abundance, and activity in the nephrons of aging animals and may explain, in part, the pathophysiology of the senescent kidney.
A Reversible Low Frequency Alternating Current Nerve Conduction Block Applied to Mammalian Autonomic Nerves (2021)

Electrical stimulation can be used to modulate activity within the nervous system in one of two modes: (1) Activation, where activity is added to the neural signalling pathways, or (2) Block, where activity in the nerve is reduced or eliminated. In principle, electrical nerve conduction block has many attractive properties compared to pharmaceutical or surgical interventions. These include reversibility, localization, and tunability for nerve caliber and type. However, methods to effect electrical nerve block are relatively new. Some methods can have associated drawbacks, such as the need for large currents, the production of irreversible chemical byproducts, and onset responses. These can lead to irreversible nerve damage or undesirable neural responses. In the present study we describe a novel low frequency alternating current blocking waveform (LFACb) and measure its efficacy to reversibly block the bradycardic effect elicited by vagal stimulation in anaesthetised rat model. The waveform is a sinusoidal, zero mean(charge balanced), current waveform presented at 1 Hz to bipolar electrodes. Standard pulse stimulation was delivered through Pt-Black coated PtIr bipolar hook electrodes to evoke bradycardia. The conditioning LFAC waveform was presented either through a set of CorTec<sup>®</sup> bipolar cuff electrodes with Amplicoat<sup>®</sup> coated Pt contacts, or a second set of Pt Black coated PtIr hook electrodes. The conditioning electrodes were placed caudal to the pulse stimulation hook electrodes. Block of bradycardic effect was assessed by quantifying changes in heart rate during the stimulation stages of LFAC alone, LFAC-and-vagal, and vagal alone. The LFAC achieved 86.2±11.1% and 84.3±4.6% block using hook (N = 7) and cuff (N = 5) electrodes, respectively, at current levels less than 110 µA<sub>p</sub> (current to peak). The potential across the LFAC delivering electrodes were continuously monitored to verify that the blocking effect was immediately reversed upon discontinuing the LFAC. Thus, LFACb produced a high degree of nerve block at current levels comparable to pulse stimulation amplitudes to activate nerves, resulting in a measurable functional change of a biomarker in the mammalian nervous system.
H+-coupled Pantothenate Transport in the Intracellular Malaria Parasite (2001)

Pantothenate, the precursor of coenzyme A, is an essential nutrient for the intraerythrocytic stage of the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum. Pantothenate enters the malaria-infected erythrocyte via new permeation pathways induced by the parasite in the host cell membrane (Saliba, K. J., Horner, H. A., and Kirk, K. (1998) J. Biol. Chem. 273, 10190-10195). We show here that pantothenate is taken up by the intracellular parasite via a novel H(+)-coupled transporter, quite different from the Na(+)-coupled transporters that mediate pantothenate uptake into mammalian cells. The plasmodial H(+):pantothenate transporter has a low affinity for pantothenate (K(m) approximately 23 mm) and a stoichiometry of 1 H(+):1 pantothenate. It is inhibited by low concentrations of the bioflavonoid phloretin and the thiol-modifying agent p-chloromercuribenzene sulfonate. On entering the parasite, pantothenate is phosphorylated (and thereby trapped) by an unusually high affinity pantothenate kinase (K(m) approximately 300 nm). The combination of H(+)-coupled transporter and kinase provides the parasite with an efficient, high affinity pantothenate uptake system, which is distinct from that of the host and is therefore an attractive target for antimalarial chemotherapy.
<title>Optoelectronic interconnect-based multiprocessing systems using microprism arrays</title> (1997)

An optical communication/switching system with data speeds well beyond any state-of-the-art electronic board-to-board computer interconnect is proposed. This interconnect is based on the use of microprism arrays to achieve large-scale, wideband interconnections for optoelectronic systems.
Electronic Factors Affecting Metal−Metal Interactions in Early/Late Heterobimetallics: Substituent Effects in Zirconium/Platinum Bis(phosphinoamide) Complexes (2010)

The bidentate metalloligand (NMe2)2Zr(iPrNPPh2)2 (1) has been synthesized and treated with (COD)PtMe2 to generate the heterobimetallic Zr/Pt species (NMe2)2Zr(iPrNPPh2)2PtMe2 (2). Complex 2 can be treated with TMSCl to generate the dichloride species Cl2Zr(iPrNPPh2)2PtMe2 (3), a useful precursor for generating a range of Zr/Pt complexes featuring different Zr substituents. Upon treatment with lithio or Grignard reagents, Cl(Me3SiCH2)Zr(iPrNPPh2)2PtMe2 (4), (Me3SiCH2)2Zr(iPrNPPh2)2PtMe2 (5), and Me2Zr(iPrNPPh2)2PtMe2 (6) have been synthesized. Complexes 1−6 have been characterized using X-ray crystallography, revealing an unmistakable trend in Pt−Zr distance as a function of the electron-releasing ability of the Zr-bound X-type ligands. In addition, the solid-state structure of 6 reveals isomerization of the chelating metalloligand from a cis to a trans configuration about Pt and an unusual anagostic interaction between one of the Pt-bound Me groups and the electron-deficient Zr center. This isomerization is accompanied by a thermoneutral methyl group exchange process between Zr and Pt.
A Study on the Multiple Composite Piezoelectric Motor (2014)

In this study, we major discuss a multiple composite piezoelectric motor. It is made by the base, the multiple composite piezoelectric stator and the preload adjusting module. The multiple composite piezoelectric stator is composed of the base, the first actuating element, the second actuating element and stator. The first actuating element is composed of the longitudinal and the first bending vibration modules, in which the first bending vibration module includes the horizontal and vertical bending vibration modules. And the second actuating element or bending vibration modules, wherein the second actuating element also includes the horizontal and vertical bending vibration modules. In addition, the preload adjusting module includes the limiting element, spring, washer and nut. In order to obtain the best vibration modes of the multiple composite piezoelectric motor, we use the ANSYS code to simulate. And so as to get the better performance and efficiency relate to the previous similar type’s motor under the same driving conditions, we try to use different vibration modules or modes to drive the multiple composite piezoelectric motor, including the longitudinal, the first bending, the second bending and the multiple vibration modules or modes by experiments. According to the results of the simulations and experiments, we found that the multiple composite piezoelectric motor has better rotational speed, loading ability and conversion efficiency of direction relate to the previous similar type’s motor. Where the maximum rotational speed multiple composite piezoelectric motor is up to 600 rpm under conditions of 180 Vp-p driving voltage, 37.8 kHz driving frequency, 00 driving phase angle and 12.1 gw loading. And the maximum loading ability is 2500 gw under conditions of 180 Vp-p driving voltage, 37.8 kHz driving frequency, 00 driving phase angle and 6rpm rotational speed.
Flat‐Panel‐Display Backplanes: LTPS or IGZO for AMLCDs or AMOLED Displays? (2014)

After more than 20 years as the flat‐panel‐display backplane TFT material of choice, a‐Si:H is running out of steam. The two contending replacement options are LTPS and IGZO. Which is better and how does this material choice impact the race between AMLCD and AMOLED‐display front‐plane technologies?
External-Voltage-Free Dielectrophoresis of Liquid Crystal Droplets (2017)

This work reports, for the first time, a dielectrophoresis (DEP) effect-induced motion of liquid crystal (LC) droplets in an LC/monomer mixture sample with a poly-(N-vinyl carbazole) PVK-coated substrate without an external voltage. With the UV pre-irradiation of the PVK layer through a binary mask, a laterally non-uniform electric field can be induced between the pre-illuminated regions and the neighboring non-pre-illuminated PVK regions near the borders of the two regions. The phase separation occurs once the temperature is lower than 50 °C and the LC droplets can form in the sample. The pre-formed non-uniform field provides a DEP-like force to manipulate the small LC microdroplets in the pre-illuminated regions to effectively migrate to the adjacent non-pre-illuminated regions. The continuous supply of the LC from the pre-illuminated regions to the adjacent non-pre-illuminated regions significantly increases the diffraction efficiency of the grating sample. This study provides an insight into developing new external-voltage-free DEP-based devices that can be applied on various fields, such as photonics, displays, and biomedicines.
The mutation P392L of the sequestosome 1 gene in Paget's disease of bone is frequent in the French population (2003)

Heterogeneity and multifactoriality complicate diagnostics and our understanding of pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The only accepted serologic parameter (rheumatoid factor [RF]) is not disease specific, nor are any of several novel RA autoantibodies. We aimed at identifying profiles instead of individual autoreactivities allowing for unambiguous prediction of RA. Selected RA autoantigens were tested by ELISA (RF and anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide [anti-CCP]) or Western blot (heavy-chain-binding protein [BiP], heterogeneous ribonucleoprotein particle A2 [RA33/ hnRNP A2], calpastatin and calreticulin). Antibody reactivities were assayed from serum samples of 149 RA patients and 132 patients with other rheumatic diseases and from synovial fluids (SF) (58 RA, 65 non-RA). No single autoreactivity was sufficient for unambiguous prediction of RA. Frequencies of multiparameter profiles consisting of 3, 4, 5 and 6 autoreactivites were determined. Fifteen six-parameter serum profiles were exclusively expressed in RA patients, representing a cumulative sensitivity of 59%. Twelve SF profiles were exclusively expressed in 64% of RA patients. The self-learning classification algorithm CLASSIF1 was capable of accurately predicting RA when these profiles were present. Data profile analysis of RF/CCP/BiP/calpastatin/calreticulin/RA33 provided specific discrimination of 64% of RA. Most importantly, RA specific profiles were observed in 64% of patients with early disease (<12 months). For the first time, the accurate prediction of the class RA has been achieved by the use of multiparametric autoreactivity profiles. Because of early expression in disease, these profiles make it possible to start a disease-modifying therapy long before irreversible bone and joint destruction may develop. Additional RA-specific profiles are required to cover the entire group of RA patients.
V,CJ,/TiO2 (ANATASE) CATALYSTS (1987)

The reaction network of o-xylene oxidation to phthalic anhydride over V205/Ti02 (anatase) catalysts was determined in the present investigation. The detailed oxvlene conversion/oroduct selectivitv data obtained demonstrate that ohthalic anhydride is not produced from the d4rect oxidation of o-xylene over V205/Ti02 (anatase) catalysts, but indirectly via a series of consecutive reaction steps involving o-tolualdehyde and phthaiide intermediates. The maleic anhydride byproduct is produced from the over-oxidation of phthalic anhydride. The influence of the two reactive sites in V205/Ti02 (anatase) catalysts, surface vanadium oxide monolayer and V705 crystallites, upon the o-xylene oxidation reaction were obtained for moderate am6unt.s of vanadium oxide by varying the crystalline V2O5 content of the catalysts. The initial reaction step of the oartial oxidation of o-xvlene to o-tolualdehyde occurs almost exclusively over the surface vanadium oxide-monolayer. The o-tolualdehyde intermediate is directly converted to phthalic anhydride primarily over the surface vanadium oxide monolayer and to phthalide over both the surface vanadium oxide monolayer and the V205 crystallites. The partial oxidation of phthalide to phthalic anhydride mostly occurs over the monolayer of surface vanadium oxide. The over-oxidation of phthalic anhydride to maleic anhydride also occurs primarily over the monolayer of surface vanadium oxide. The non-selective formation of the combustion products, CO and CO2, primarily occurs from the direct oxidation of o-xylene over the monolayer of surface vanadium oxide. The turnover rate for o-xylene oxidation over V205/Ti02(anatase) catalvsts is determined for the first time, and found to be ~1 x low3 molecules site-1 s-1 for the experimental conditions used in the present study. The apparent activation energy for the conversion of o-xylene to all products is found to be %32 kcal mole-l.
Gastrointestinal Bleeding at CT Angiography and CT Enterography: Imaging Atlas and Glossary of Terms (2021)

Gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding is a common potentially life-threatening medical condition frequently requiring multidisciplinary collaboration to reach the proper diagnosis and guide management. GI bleeding can be <i>overt</i> (eg, visible hemorrhage such as hematemesis, hematochezia, or melena) or <i>occult</i> (eg, positive fecal occult blood test or iron deficiency anemia). <i>Upper GI bleeding</i>, which originates proximal to the ligament of Treitz, is more common than <i>lower GI bleeding</i>, which arises distal to the ligament of Treitz. <i>Small bowel bleeding</i> accounts for 5-10% of GI bleeding cases commonly manifesting as <i>obscure</i> GI bleeding, where the source remains unknown after complete GI tract endoscopic and imaging evaluation. CT can aid in identifying the location and cause of bleeding and is an important complementary tool to endoscopy, nuclear medicine, and angiography in evaluating patients with GI bleeding. For radiologists, interpreting CT scans in patients with GI bleeding can be challenging owing to the large number of images and the diverse potential causes of bleeding. The purpose of this pictorial review by the Society of Abdominal Radiology GI Bleeding Disease-Focused Panel is to provide a practical resource for radiologists interpreting GI bleeding CT studies that reviews the proper GI bleeding terminology, the most common causes of GI bleeding, key patient history and risk factors, the optimal CT imaging technique, and guidelines for case interpretation and illustrates many common causes of GI bleeding. A CT reporting template is included to help generate radiology reports that can add value to patient care. <i>An invited commentary by Al Hawary is available online.</i> <i>Online supplemental material is available for this article.</i> <sup>©</sup>RSNA, 2021.
Phosphorylation Mechanisms in Adenosine Triphosphate Formation and Utilization (1974)

Conference Article| February 01 1974 Phosphorylation Mechanisms in Adenosine Triphosphate Formation and Utilization PAUL D. BOYER; PAUL D. BOYER 1Molecular Biology Institute and Department of Chemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Calif. 90024, U.S.A. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar ROBERT G. WOLCOTT; ROBERT G. WOLCOTT 1Molecular Biology Institute and Department of Chemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Calif. 90024, U.S.A. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Y. YUTHAVONG; Y. YUTHAVONG 1Molecular Biology Institute and Department of Chemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Calif. 90024, U.S.A. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar CHEMDA DEGANI CHEMDA DEGANI 1Molecular Biology Institute and Department of Chemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Calif. 90024, U.S.A. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Biochem Soc Trans (1974) 2 (1): 27–30. https://doi.org/10.1042/bst0020027 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter LinkedIn Cite Icon Cite Get Permissions Citation PAUL D. BOYER, ROBERT G. WOLCOTT, Y. YUTHAVONG, CHEMDA DEGANI; Phosphorylation Mechanisms in Adenosine Triphosphate Formation and Utilization. Biochem Soc Trans 1 February 1974; 2 (1): 27–30. doi: https://doi.org/10.1042/bst0020027 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search nav search search input Search input auto suggest search filter All ContentAll JournalsBiochemical Society Transactions Search Advanced Search Keywords: ATPase, adenosine triphosphatase This content is only available as a PDF. © 1974 Biochemical Society1974 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.