gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Selective Effects of Electrostatic Changes in the CD4 CDR-3-Like Loop on Infection by Different Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Isolates (1996)

The role of the CDR-3-like loop of the first domain of the CD4 molecule in infection by the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) is controversial. In an attempt to determine whether the strong negative charge in the CDR-3-like loop influences HIV-1 infection we have substituted by mutagenesis negative for positively charged residues at position 87/88 and 91/92. These mutations were shown to have no obvious effect on CD4 conformation outside of the CDR-3-like loop. Infection of cells expressing the E87K/D88K substitution mutant resulted in a selective reduction in infectivity for certain HIV-1 viruses compared to cells expressing wile-type CD4. Viruses Hx10, HxB2, and MN were 4- to 13-fold less efficient at infecting the E87K/D88K mutant, whereas SF2, RF, and NDK yielded an efficiency of infection similar to, or slightly greater than, that of the wild type. To investigate the step at which infectivity was selectively reduced, we compared early events in the life cycles of Hx10 and SF2 viruses using PCR entry and gp120-binding assays. Both gp120 binding and virus entry were reduced for Hx10 on the mutant CD4-expressing cells as compared to wild-type CD4-expressing cells, whereas no difference was seen in either assay with SF2. Although relatively small in magnitude, the contribution of the CDR-3-like loop to the overall CD4-gp120 interaction may serve to modify the binding and entry of certain virus isolates.
Use of a single bolus of GnRH agonist triptorelin to trigger ovulation after GnRH antagonist ganirelix treatment in women undergoing ovarian stimulation for assisted reproduction, with special reference to the prevention of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome: preliminary report: Short communication (2000)

A new treatment option for patients undergoing ovarian stimulation is the gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) antagonist protocol, with the possibility to trigger a mid-cycle LH surge using a single bolus of GnRH agonist, reducing the risk of developing ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) in high responders and the chance of cycle cancellation. This report describes the use of 0.2 mg triptorelin (Decapeptyl) to trigger ovulation in eight patients who underwent controlled ovarian hyperstimulation with recombinant FSH (rFSH, Puregon) and concomitant treatment with the GnRH antagonist ganirelix (Orgalutran) for the prevention of premature LH surges. All patients were considered to have an increased risk for developing OHSS (at least 20 follicles > or =11 mm and/or serum oestradiol at least 3000 pg/ml). On the day of triggering the LH surge, the mean number of follicles > or =11 mm was 25.1 +/- 4.5 and the median serum oestradiol concentration was 3675 (range 2980-7670) pg/ml. After GnRH agonist injection, endogenous serum LH and FSH surges were observed with median peak values of 219 and 19 IU/l respectively, measured 4 h after injection. The mean number of oocytes obtained was 23.4 +/- 15.4, of which 83% were mature (metaphase II). None of the patients developed any signs or symptoms of OHSS. So far, four clinical pregnancies have been achieved from the embryos obtained during these cycles, including the first birth following this approach. It is concluded that GnRH agonist effectively triggers an endogenous LH surge for final oocyte maturation after ganirelix treatment in stimulated cycles. Our preliminary results suggest that this regimen may prove effective in triggering ovulation and could be said to prevent OHSS in high responders. The efficacy and safety of such new treatment regimen needs to be established in comparative randomized studies.
Ranking Catamorphisms and Unranking Anamorphisms on Hereditarily Finite Datatypes (2008)

Using specializations of unfold and fold on a generic tree data type we derive unranking and ranking functions providing natural number encodings for various Hereditarily Finite datatypes. In this context, we interpret unranking operations as instances of a generic anamorphism and ranking operations as instances of the corresponding catamorphism. Starting with Ackerman's Encoding from Hereditarily Finite Sets to Natural Numbers we define pairings and tuple encodings that provide building blocks for a theory of Hereditarily Finite Functions. The more difficult problem of ranking and unranking Hereditarily Finite Permutations is then tackled using Lehmer codes and factoradics. The self-contained source code of the paper, as generated from a literate Haskell program, is available at \url{http://logic.csci.unt.edu/tarau/research/2008/fFUN.zip}. Keywords: ranking/unranking, pairing/tupling functions, Ackermann encoding, hereditarily finite sets, hereditarily finite functions, permutations and factoradics, computational mathematics, Haskell data representations
Site-Selective, Cleavable Linkers: Quality Control and the Characterization of Small Molecules on Microelectrode Arrays (2011)

A "safety-catch" linker strategy has been used to release a portion of the products of a Diels-Alder reaction conducted on a microelectrode array for characterization of stereochemistry. The attachment and cleavage of organic compounds from the surface of selected electrodes in the array can be accomplished by site-selective generation of base or acid at the electrode. It was found that the surface of the array had a minor influence on the stereochemistry of the Diels-Alder reaction, leading to slightly more of the exo-product relative to a similar solution-phase reaction.
CEACAM-1, -3, -6, and -8 Signaling in Human Neutrophils (2008)

Abstract Members of the carcinoembryonic antigen family (CEACAMs) are widely expressed, and, depending on the tissue, capable of regulating diverse functions including tumor promotion, tumor suppression, angiogenesis, and neutrophil activation. Four members of this family, CEACAM1, CEACAM8, CEACAM6, and CEACAM3 (recognized by CD66a, CD66b, CD66c, and CD66d monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), respectively), are expressed on human neutrophils. CD66a, CD66b, CD66c, and CD66d antibodies each increase neutrophil adhesion to human umbilical vein endothelial cell monolayers. This increase in neutrophil adhesion caused by CD66 antibodies is blocked by CD18 mAbs and is associated with upregulation of CD11/CD18 on the neutrophil surface. To examine potential interactions of CEACAMs in neutrophil signaling, the effects of a set of CD66 mAbs on neutrophil adhesion to human umbilical vein endothelial cells was tested following desensitization to stimulation by various combinations of these mAbs. The current data show that desensitization of neutrophils to any two CEACAMs results in selective desensitization to those two CEACAMs, while the cells remain responsive to the other two neutrophil CEACAMs. In addition, cells desensitized to CEACAM-3, -6, and -8 were still responsive to stimulation of CEACAM1 by CD66a mAbs. In contrast, desensitization of cells to CEACAM1 and any two of the other CEACAMs left the cells unresponsive to all CD66 mAbs. Cells desensitized to any combination of CEACAMs remained responsive to the unrelated control protein CD63. Thus, while there is significant independence of the four neutrophil CEACAMs in signaling, CEACAM1 appears to play a unique role among the neutrophil CEACAMs. A model in which CEACAMs dimerize to form signaling complexes could accommodate the observations. Similar interactions may occur in other cells expressing CEACAMs.
Unveiling the Intricacies of the Curved-Field Ion Mirror (2015)

In time-of-flight (ToF) mass spectrometry, non-linear ion mirrors, i.e. mirrors that produce a non-linear potential in which the ions fly, can focus ions exhibiting a very broad kinetic energy distribution. Besides the quadratic potential, the so-called curved field has been used in mirrors as a non-linear potential over the past 20 years. The curved field has, however, only been loosely defined. The focusing properties of the curved field appear to have never been mathematically investigated and explained. In this work, we put forward a rigid definition of the curved field and investigate the properties of it in terms of focusing and transmission. This rigid definition shows the curved field as a two-parameter function for a given mirror length and maximum potential, which can be optimized in terms of ToF distribution/resolution. Such an optimization was performed in one- dimension (1D) by solving the ToF integral equation numerically. The characteristics of optimized configurations arrived at through a comparison with mirrors with polynomial distance-potential relationships are assessed. These optimised solutions cannot be approximated in 1D by a common set of polynomial terms. There are optimised configurations affording ideal energy focussing, but on closer inspection, these potential distributions are found to be, in fact, quadratic potentials. There are other optimised solutions that afford good energy focussing in cases of there being significant field-free regions between the source/detector and the entrance to the mirror. Some of these configurations are approximated by a linear plus a quadratic term, others need higher-order terms to be approximated. To facilitate 3D investigation, the optimised solutions in 1D were used to set the initial voltages on electrodes in a rotationally symmetric mirror, which was modelled with the computer package SIMION 8.0. The SIMION ion-flight simulations revealed that the other optimised solutions with higher-order terms have the disadvantage of lowering the transmittance. That is to say, in 3D the configurations of the curved field, which give good resolution and transmittance with field- free regions between source/detector and mirror, can all be approximated by a potential consisting of a linear plus a quadratic term.
Influence of Processing Conditions on Melt Blown Web Structure: Part 2 -Primary Airflow Rate (2005)

We are continuing an effort to quantitatively measure the influence of processing variables on the detailed structure of commercial polypropylene melt blown (MB) webs. In this paper, we report the influence of primary airflow rate on fiber entanglement, global fiber orientation and pore structure in webs. This enabled us to quantify the influence of primary airflow on web structural features as well as achieve greater understanding of the commercial MB process.
SDN/NFV-based QoS mechanism for Cellular Core Networks (2016)

Increasing usage of OTT (Over-the-top content) and IPTVservices on mobile broadband access networks leads us to find out content aware QoS mechanisms on new generation mobile core networks. SDN/NFV is key technology for future generation mobile networks. Cellular core network functions can be virtualized and programmable with SDN/NFV approach. In this work we discuss SDN/NFV based QoS mechanism based on Traffic Classification, Traffic Monitoring and Traffic Engineering methods to build content aware cellular core network.
Protonation-Induced Transient Amphiphilicity Drives the Self-Assembly of Conjugated Polymers into Spheres and Other Aggregates (2003)

Robust, luminescent, spherical, and ribbonlike aggregates were self-assembled from nonamphiphilic π-conjugated polymers, poly(4-alkylquinoline)s, in toluene/trifluoroacetic acid solution. The spherical and ribbonlike aggregates in solution or in the solid state exhibited yellow fluorescence that was characterized by microscopy and spectroscopy. The 1−10-μm-diameter spherical aggregates of poly(4-hexylquinoline) and poly(4-tridecylquinoline) were shown by laser scanning confocal microscopy to be solid spheres. We propose that the novel self-assembly is driven by the amphiphilicity of transient poly(4-alkylquinolinium) activated by protonation of poly(4-alkylquinoline). Beyond the self-assembly of electronic and photonic polymer microstructures, the concept of transient amphiphilicity may find other applications in supramolecular chemistry and biomimetic systems.
SAMHD1 Phosphorylation at T592 Regulates Cellular Localization and S-phase Progression (2021)

SAMHD1 activity is regulated by a network of mechanisms including phosphorylation, oxidation, oligomerization, and others. Significant questions remain about the effects of phosphorylation on SAMHD1 function and activity. We investigated the effects of a SAMHD1 T592E phosphorylation mimic on its cellular localization, catalytic activity, and cell cycle progression. We found that the SAMHD1 T592E is a catalytically active enzyme that is inhibited by protein oxidation. SAMHD1 T592E is retained in the nucleus at higher levels than the wild-type protein during growth factor-mediated signaling. This nuclear localization protects SAMHD1 from oxidation by cytoplasmic reactive oxygen species. The SAMHD1 T592E phosphomimetic further inhibits the cell cycle S/G2 transition. This has significant implications for SAMHD1 function in regulating innate immunity, antiviral response and DNA replication.
On the origin of tertiary turns in covalently closed double-stranded cyclic DNA. (1967)

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), a peer reviewed journal of the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) - an authoritative source of high-impact, original research that broadly spans the biological, physical, and social sciences.
Bidirectional touch interaction for immaterial displays (2014)

In this paper, we present an immaterial mid-air display with touchscreen capability and aerial tactile feedback. By augmenting a projected desktop fogscreen display with a 3D camera for touch detection and a focusable, modulated ultrasonic phased array for tactile feedback generation, very convincing yet completely immaterial user interfaces were constructed. A typical feedback response is delivered within 2 ms with a positional resolution of 2 mm and an active spot size of 10 mm at 100 mm distance. By combining a number of the tileable ultrasonic arrays, a tighter focus with much higher intensity can be produced.
VM/370, Attached Processor, and multiprocessor performance study (1984)

This paper discusses performance studies of Attached Processors, multiprocessors, and VM/370. A methodology for evaluating performance is discussed. Performance improvements are explained and evaluated. These studies played a role in a new option to the VM/System Product control program that is called the High Performance Option (HPO).
Study on Influence Factors of Leaching of Rare Earth Elements from Coal Fly Ash (2018)

Rare earth elements (REEs) are very important strategic resources, but the traditional high-quality rare earth resources are becoming increasingly scarce. Coal fly ash (CFA) in some areas in the world has a high REE content, which can be a potential supplement to the rare earth resources. CFA samples collected from the Panbei Power Plant in Guizhou Province of China, in which the REE content is 489 ppm, was used as the research object in this study. Taking three REEs (lanthanum (La), cerium (Ce), and neodymium (Nd)) with the highest content in this CFA sample as the representative and hydrochloric acid as the leaching reagent, the effects of various factors on the leaching efficiencies of REEs from CFA were investigated systematically. Further, two unreacted core shrinkage models (chemically controlled model and diffusion controlled model) were used to study the leaching kinetics of REEs from CFA. The results showed that, except for the small influence of the stirring speed, the temperature, acid concentration, liquid–solid ratio, and reaction time all have a great influence on the leaching efficiencies of REEs. Leaching efficiencies of 71.9, 66.0, and 61.9% for La, Ce, and Nd, respectively, were obtained under the conditions of a stirring speed of 200 rpm, temperature of 60 °C, HCl concentration of 3 M, liquid–solid ratio of 10 (v/m), and leaching time of 120 min. The leaching mechanism of REEs from CFA tends to be more controlled by chemical reactions. In addition, La is more easily leached from CFA than Ce and Nd. This study can provide theoretical guidance for optimizing the leaching conditions of REEs from CFA at low temperature and atmospheric pressure, thereby providing theoretical support for the early industrial development and utilization of rare earth resources in CFA.
Adaptive graphical approach to entity resolution (2007)

Entity resolution is a very common Information Quality (IQ) problem with many different applications. In digital libraries, it is related to problems of citation matching and author name disambiguation; in Natural Language Processing, it is related to coreference matching and object identity; in Web application, it is related to Web page disambiguation. The problem of Entity Resolution arises because objects/entities in real world datasets are often referred to by descriptions, which might not be unique identifiers of these entities, leading to ambiguity. The goal is to group all the entity descriptions that refer to the same real world entities. In this paper we present a graphical approach for entity resolution. It complements the traditional methodology with the analysis of the entity-relationship graph constructed for the dataset being analyzed. The paper demonstrates that a technique that measures the degree of interconnectedness between various pairs of nodes in the graph can significantly improve the quality of entity resolution. Furthermore, the paper presents an algorithm for making that technique self-adaptive to the underlying data, thus minimizing the required participation from the domain-analyst and potentially further improving the disambiguation quality.
Coherent FMCW reflectometry using a temperature tuned Nd:YAG ring laser (1990)

A long-coherence-length, diode-pumped, monolithic Nd:YAG laser operating at 1.32 mu m is used to perform coherent FMCW (frequency-modulated continuous wave) reflectometry measurements. Compared with semiconductor-based lasers, the low phase noise of the Nd:YAG source offers greatly increased distance range combined with increased sensitivity to optical reflections. Measurement of Rayleigh backscatter from 50 km of fiber is demonstrated with over 60 dB of two-way optical dynamic range. Two-point spatial resolution is demonstrated to be better than 10 cm. This source and coherent measurement technique may have potential for both short and long-haul reflectometry applications.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Prostate Stem Cell Antigen (PSCA) Expression in Human Prostate Cancer Tissues: Implications for Prostate Carcinogenesis and Progression of Prostate Cancer (2004)

Objective: Prostate stem cell antigen (PSCA) is a recently defined homolog of the Thy-1/Ly-6 family of glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored cell surface antigens. The objective of the present study was to examine the expression status of PSCA protein and mRNA in clinical specimens of human prostate cancer (PCa) and to validate it as a potential molecular target for diagnosis and treatment of PCa.
Reversible Potential-Induced Switching of Alkyl Chain Aggregation in Octyl-Triazatriangulenium Adlayers on Au(111) (2015)

In situ scanning tunneling microscopy and cyclic voltammetry studies of self-assembled octyl-triazatriangulenium monolayers on Au(111) electrode surfaces in 0.1 M HClO4 reveal a complex surface phase behavior, involving two fast, highly reversible transitions between different ordered adlayer phases: With decreasing potential, the preadsorbed (√19 × √19)R23.4° adlayer first is converted into a (7√3 × 7√3) and then into a (2√3 × 2√3)R30° phase, corresponding to a stepwise increase in the local packing density of the molecules. The (7√3 × 7√3) → (2√3 × 2√3)R30° transition is accompanied by a reorientation of the peripheral octyl chains from a more planar to a close-packed vertical arrangement. This reversible potential-induced switching between a homogeneous adlayer of small vertical extension and a Au surface partially covered by islands of a compact hydrocarbon layer is attributed to changes in the adsorbate charge state and associated changes in the intermolecular interactions.
Derivatives : principles and practice (2011)

It has been the authors' experience that the overwhelming majority of students in MBA derivatives courses go on to careers where a deep conceptual, rather than solely mathematical, understanding of products and models is required. The first edition of Derivatives looks to create precisely such a blended approach, one that is formal and rigorous, yet intuitive and accessible. The main body of this book is divided into six parts. Parts 1-3 cover, respectively, futures and forwards; options; and, swaps. Part 4 examines term-structure modeling and the pricing of interest-rate derivatives, while Part 5 is concerned with credit derivatives and the modeling of credit risk. Part 6 discusses computational issues.
Sage: Parallel Semi-Asymmetric Graph Algorithms for NVRAMs (2019)

Non-volatile main memory (NVRAM) technologies provide an attractive set of features for large-scale graph analytics, including byte-addressability, low idle power, and improved memory-density. NVRAM systems today have an order of magnitude more NVRAM than traditional memory (DRAM). NVRAM systems could therefore potentially allow very large graph problems to be solved on a single machine, at a modest cost. However, a significant challenge in achieving high performance is in accounting for the fact that NVRAM writes can be much more expensive than NVRAM reads. In this paper, we propose an approach to parallel graph analytics using the Parallel Semi-Asymmetric Model (PSAM), in which the graph is stored as a read-only data structure (in NVRAM), and the amount of mutable memory is kept proportional to the number of vertices. Similar to the popular semi-external and semi-streaming models for graph analytics, the PSAM approach assumes that the vertices of the graph fit in a fast read-write memory (DRAM), but the edges do not. In NVRAM systems, our approach eliminates writes to the NVRAM, among other benefits. To experimentally study this new setting, we develop Sage, a parallel semi-asymmetric graph engine with which we implement provably-efficient (and often work-optimal) PSAM algorithms for over a dozen fundamental graph problems. We experimentally study Sage using a 48-core machine on the largest publicly-available real-world graph (the Hyperlink Web graph with over 3.5 billion vertices and 128 billion edges) equipped with Optane DC Persistent Memory, and show that Sage outperforms the fastest prior systems designed for NVRAM. Importantly, we also show that Sage nearly matches the fastest prior systems running solely in DRAM, by effectively hiding the costs of repeatedly accessing NVRAM versus DRAM.
A computer-assisted learning and teaching software in probability for HKIEd students: Its rationale and implementation (2000)

In the forthcoming Hong Kong Primary Mathematics Curriculum to be implemented in 2002, "Probability" will be a new topic to be included in the syllabus. Although most primary school teachers had learnt the basic concepts of probability during their secondary schooling sometime ago, they express their anxiety that they lack experience and confidence in teaching even the basic notions of this new topic. Of course, the lack of suitable teaching aids or Chinese-interfaced computer-assisted learning or teaching materials constitutes another obstacle for overcoming their worries. In order to enhance their confidence in teaching this topic in primary schools, a self-designed computer-assisted learning and teaching program has been implemented to teach the basic probability concepts for both pre-service and in-service teachers studying in The Hong Kong Institute of Education. In this paper, we will discuss how to design and implement such an interactive learning program, using Visual Basic as the programming language. The rationale behind our design and difficulties encountered during the implementation stage will also be discussed.