gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Preparation of Phosphorus Doped Hydrogenated Microcrystalline Silicon Thin Films by Inductively Coupled Plasma Chemical Vapor Deposition and Their Characteristics for Solar Cell Applications (2008)

Intrinsic and phosphorus-doped hydrogenated microcrystalline silicon (microc-Si:H) films were prepared using inductively coupled plasma chemical vapor deposition (ICP-CVD) method. Structural, electrical and optical properties of these films were studied as a function of silane concentration, ICP source power and PH3/SiH4 gas ratio. Characterization of these films from Raman spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction revealed that the conductive film exists in microcrystalline phase embedded in an amorphous network. The condition of electrical properties (sigma(d): approximately 10(-7) S/cm, sigma(ph): approximately 10(-4) S/cm) and activation energy (0.55 eV), satisfied with properties of intrinsic microc-Si:H, was obtained at 1200 W of ICP power and 2% of silane concentration, respectively. At PH3/SiH4 gas ratio of 0.09%, dark conductivity has a maximum value of approximately 18.5 S/cm and optical bandgap also a maximum value of approximately 2.39 eV. The deposition rate was not satisfactory (4.9 angstroms/s) at same condition.
Src promotes castration-recurrent prostate cancer through androgen receptor-dependent canonical and non-canonical transcriptional signatures (2016)

Progression of prostate cancer (PC) to castration-recurrent growth (CRPC) remains dependent on sustained expression and transcriptional activity of the androgen receptor (AR). A major mechanism contributing to CRPC progression is through the direct phosphorylation and activation of AR by Src-family (SFK) and ACK1 tyrosine kinases. However, the AR-dependent transcriptional networks activated by Src during CRPC progression have not been elucidated. Here, we show that activated Src (Src527F) induces androgen-independent growth in human LNCaP cells, concomitant with its ability to induce proliferation/survival genes normally induced by dihydrotestosterone (DHT) in androgen-dependent LNCaP and VCaP cells. Src induces additional gene signatures unique to CRPC cell lines, LNCaP-C4-2 and CWR22Rv1, and to CRPC LuCaP35.1 xenografts. By comparing the Src-induced AR-cistrome and/or transcriptome in LNCaP to those in CRPC and LuCaP35.1 tumors, we identified an 11-gene Src-regulated CRPC signature consisting of AR-dependent, AR binding site (ARBS)-associated genes whose expression is altered by DHT in LNCaP[Src527F] but not in LNCaP cells. The differential expression of a subset (DPP4, BCAT1, CNTNAP4, CDH3) correlates with earlier PC metastasis onset and poorer survival, with the expression of BCAT1 required for Src-induced androgen-independent proliferation. Lastly, Src enhances AR binding to non-canonical ARBS enriched for FOXO1, TOP2B and ZNF217 binding motifs; cooperative AR/TOP2B binding to a non-canonical ARBS was both Src- and DHT-sensitive and correlated with increased levels of Src-induced phosphotyrosyl-TOP2B. These data suggest that CRPC progression is facilitated via Src-induced sensitization of AR to intracrine androgen levels, resulting in the engagement of canonical and non-canonical ARBS-dependent gene signatures.
Acyl metalloids: conformity and deviation from carbonyl reactivity (2021)

Once considered as mere curiosities, acyl metalloids are now recognized for their utility in enabling chemical synthesis. This perspective considers the reactivity displayed by acylboron, -silicon, -germanium, and tellurium species. By highlighting the role of these species in various transformations, we demonstrate how differences between the comprising elements result in varied reaction outcomes. While acylboron compounds are primarily used in polar transformations, germanium and tellurium species have found utility as radical precursors. Applications of acylsilanes are comparatively more diverse, owing to the possibility to access both radical and polar chemistry.
DEEPCHANDRA,HST-COS, AND MEGACAM OBSERVATIONS OF THE PHOENIX CLUSTER: EXTREME STAR FORMATION AND AGN FEEDBACK ON HUNDRED KILOPARSEC SCALES (2015)

We present new ultraviolet, optical, and X-ray data on the Phoenix galaxy cluster (SPT-CLJ2344-4243). Deep optical imaging reveals previously undetected filaments of star formation, extending to radii of ~50–100 kpc in multiple directions. Combined UV-optical spectroscopy of the central galaxy reveals a massive (2 × 109 M⊙), young (~4.5 Myr) population of stars, consistent with a time-averaged star formation rate of 610 ± 50 M⊙ yr−1. We report a strong detection of O vi λλ1032,1038, which appears to originate primarily in shock-heated gas, but may contain a substantial contribution (&gt;1000 M⊙ yr−1) from the cooling intracluster medium (ICM). We confirm the presence of deep X-ray cavities in the inner ~10 kpc, which are among the most extreme examples of radio-mode feedback detected to date, implying jet powers of 2–7 × 1045 erg s−1. We provide evidence that the active galactic nucleus inflating these cavities may have only recently transitioned from "quasar-mode" to "radio-mode," and may currently be insufficient to completely offset cooling. A model-subtracted residual X-ray image reveals evidence for prior episodes of strong radio-mode feedback at radii of ~100 kpc, with extended "ghost" cavities indicating a prior epoch of feedback roughly 100 Myr ago. This residual image also exhibits significant asymmetry in the inner ~200 kpc (0.15R500), reminiscent of infalling cool clouds, either due to minor mergers or fragmentation of the cooling ICM. Taken together, these data reveal a rapidly evolving cool core which is rich with structure (both spatially and in temperature), is subject to a variety of highly energetic processes, and yet is cooling rapidly and forming stars along thin, narrow filaments.
A Novel MitoTimer Reporter Gene for Mitochondrial Content, Structure, Stress, and Damage in Vivo (2014)

Mitochondrial dysfunction plays important roles in many diseases, but there is no satisfactory method to assess mitochondrial health in vivo. Here, we engineered a MitoTimer reporter gene from the existing Timer reporter gene. MitoTimer encodes a mitochondria-targeted green fluorescent protein when newly synthesized, which shifts irreversibly to red fluorescence when oxidized. Confocal microscopy confirmed targeting of the MitoTimer protein to mitochondria in cultured cells, Caenorhabditis elegans touch receptor neurons, Drosophila melanogaster heart and indirect flight muscle, and mouse skeletal muscle. A ratiometric algorithm revealed that conditions that cause mitochondrial stress led to a significant shift toward red fluorescence as well as accumulation of pure red fluorescent puncta of damaged mitochondria targeted for mitophagy. Long term voluntary exercise resulted in a significant fluorescence shift toward green, in mice and D. melanogaster, as well as significantly improved structure and increased content in mouse FDB muscle. In contrast, high-fat feeding in mice resulted in a significant shift toward red fluorescence and accumulation of pure red puncta in skeletal muscle, which were completely ameliorated by voluntary wheel running. Hence, MitoTimer allows for robust analysis of multiple parameters of mitochondrial health under both physiological and pathological conditions and will be highly useful for future research of mitochondrial health in multiple disciplines in vivo.
The Finnish Allergy Programme 2008–2018 works (2017)

In Finland (population 5,5 million), a 10-year national campaign to treat allergic diseases was initiated in 2008. It was carefully planned and based on consensus among experts [1–3] because the long-term strategy of allergen avoidance had not reduced the burden or stopped the “epidemic”. New insights into immune development in modern, urban societies have challenged conventional thinking. A public health programme has now been implemented, and an avoidance strategy was replaced with a tolerance strategy [4]. This course of action was supported by the Ministry of Social Affairs and Health and the National Institute for Health and Welfare. Revisiting the asthma and allergy paradigms has led to actions relevant to society and healthcare as a whole <http://ow.ly/MBG530bPvd6>
Role of antioxidants in chronic fatigue syndrome in mice. (2002)

The present study was carried out using mice model of chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) in which mice were forced to swim everyday for 7 days for a 6 min session. There was a significant increase in despair behavior (immobility period) in saline treated mice on successive days. Treatment with potent antioxidants carvedilol (5 mg/kg, i.p.) and melatonin (10 mg/kg, i.p.) produced a significant reduction in immobility period. Similar results were observed with herbal products St. John's Wort (Hypericum perforatum L) (10 mg/kg, p.o.) and GS-02 (20 mg/kg, p.o.). Fluoxetine, a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor produced a significant effect only on first and second day of its treatment. Biochemical analysis revealed that chronic swim test significantly increased lipid peroxidation and catalase levels in whole brains of mice. There was a decrease in the levels of super oxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione reductase (GSH) in the brain. Administration of carvedilol, melatonin, GS-02 and St. John's Wort restored the levels of lipid peroxidation and glutathione. The enzymes SOD and catalase were also restored. Fluoxetine affected the biochemical variables not to the same extent as other treatments. The findings of the present study suggest that oxidative stress might play a significant role in the pathophysiology of CFS. Thus antioxidants and herbal products like St. Johns wort and GS-02 could be useful in the treatment of CFS.
Lectin histochemistry of human skeletal muscle. (1981)

Biotinyl derivatives of seven plant lectins-concanavalin A (Con A), peanut agglutinin (PNA), Ricinus communis agglutinin I (RCA I), Ulex europeus agglutinin I (UEA I), soybean agglutinin (SBA), Dolichos biflorus agglutinin (DBA), and wheat germ agglutinin (WGA)-were bound to cryostat sections of biopsied normal human muscle and visualized with avidin-horseradish peroxidase conjugates. A distinct staining pattern was observed with each lectin. The most general staining was observed with Con A, RCA I, and WGA, which permitted strong visualization of the plasmalemma-basement membrane unit, tubular profiles in the interior of muscle fibers, blood vessels, and connective tissue. PNA gave virtually no intracellular staining, while SBA and UEA I selectively stained blood vessels. DBA was unique in providing good visualization of myonuclei. In each case, lectin staining could be blocked by appropriate sugar inhibitors. Neuraminidase pretreatment of the cryostat sections altered the pattern of staining by all lectins except UEA I and Con A; staining with RCA I became stronger and that with WGA became less intense, while staining with PNA, SBA and DBA became stronger and more generalized, resembling that of RCA I. These effects of neuraminidase pretreatment are in conformity with the known structure of the oligosaccharide chains of membrane glycoproteins and specificities of the lectins involved.
Metrics for Measuring the Quality of Modularization of Scala Systems (2012)

As part of software maintenance, having systems in well modular way brings in lot of advantages. In this regard, measuring quality of modularization of a given system becomes very important. In literature today, there are metrics measuring software modularization quality from object oriented and imperative programming styles, but the literature does not have much work on a functional programming perspective. We propose a set of metrics particularly designed for the Scala programming language. In this process we review the guiding principles for proper software modularization applied to concepts like functional purity, first order functions and multiple inheritance, which are present in many modern programming languages. We test our set of metrics on a set of open source software.
Comparison of microscopic illumination between a three-dimensional heads-up system and eyepiece in cataract surgery (2020)

With real-time digital processing and automated brightness control, the 3D system reduced ocular surface illumination by 50% or more. Hence, the 3D system may contribute to reducing the risk of retinal phototoxicity and patient photophobia.
Mathematics and Speed for Interval Arithmetic (2019)

After a short introduction, the article begins with an axiomatic definition of rounded arithmetic. The concepts of rounding and of rounded arithmetic operations are defined in an axiomatic manner fully independent of special data formats and encodings. Basic properties of floating-point and interval arithmetic can directly be derived from this abstract mathematical model. Interval operations are defined as set operations for elements of the set ¯IR of closed and connected sets of real numbers. As such, they form an algebraically closed subset of the powerset of the real numbers. This property leads to explicit formulas for the arithmetic operations of floating-point intervals of ¯IF, which are executable on the computer. Arithmetic for intervals of ¯IF forms an exception free calculus, i.e., arithmetic operations for intervals of ¯IF always lead to intervals of ¯IF again. Later sections are concerned with programming support and hardware for interval arithmetic. Both are a must and absolutely necessary to move interval arithmetic more into the center of scientific computing. With some minor hardware additions, interval operations can be made as fast as simple floating-point operations. In vector and matrix spaces for real, complex, and interval data, the dot product is a fundamental arithmetic operation. Computing the dot product of two vectors with floating-point components exactly substantially speeds up floating-point and interval arithmetic as well as the accuracy of the computed result. Hardware needed for the exact dot product is very modest. The exact dot product is essential for long real and long interval arithmetic. Section 9 illustrates that interval arithmetic as developed in this article already has a long tradition. Products based on these ideas have been available since 1980. Implementing what the article advocates would have a profound effect on mathematical software. Modern processor architecture from Intel, for example, comes quite close to what is requested in this article.
Device‐based remote monitoring strategies for congestion‐guided management of patients with heart failure: a systematic review and meta‐analysis (2022)

Haemodynamic-guided HF management is associated with better clinical outcomes as compared to standard clinical care.
Osteochondral Interface Tissue Engineering using Macroscopic Gradients of Physicochemical Signals (2011)

The field of tissue engineering has continually been described as "cells, signals, and scaffolds." The current thesis work describes the evaluation of a continuously-graded microsphere-based scaffold technology for the regeneration of the osteochondral interface where cartilage and bone have been damaged due to degenerative conditions, such as osteoarthritis. This scaffold technology used spatiotemporal release of bioactive factors from a biodegradable polymer for simultaneous differentiation of stem cells into bone and cartilage. The work in the current thesis evaluated the scaffold formulation in vitro, in vivo, and addressed the feasibility of adding osteoconductive materials to the first generation design for enhanced bone regeneration. Lastly, bioactive signal delivery and bioactivity was investigated as a consequence of preparatory methods used to construct the bioactive scaffolds. Results from the body of in vitro studies included stimulation of gene expression, increased biochemical production, and tissue synthesis. Specifically, gradient constructs outperformed control constructs in glycosaminoglycan content, produced twice as much collagen, and were capable of facilitating regional tissue synthesis. In vivo studies demonstrated the feasibility and potential efficacy of bioactive factor inclusion at two different osteochondral interfaces. In the New Zealand White rabbit knee, implants with embedded signals gradients were capable of regenerating more bone tissue than negative controls. When used in a smaller defect site, such as the New Zealand White rabbit mandibular condyle, the bioactive scaffolds were beneficial in regenerating thicker layers of cartilage. Moreover, this thesis has bridged the gradient-based microsphere scaffold design from concept to practice, in addition to opening new areas of investigation for further refinement of the technology.
Combustion Roar of Turbulent Diffusion Flames (1970)

Pertinent literature is reviewed and experimental data on the combustion roar of turbulent, natural-gas, diffusion flames are presented. These data were obtained on two experimental burner rigs, one that consisted of two impinging fuel jets, and one that consisted of eight almost impinging fuel jets. Variables considered include the effect of firing rate up to several hundred thousand btu/hr, spud size, spud spacing and orientation, on both overall noise level and noise spectrum. The data are compared to similar observations from industrial combustors. Some speculations as to the specific source of the combustion roar are made.
Penggunaan Permainan Plastisin Dalam Meningkatkan Motorik Halus Anak Usia Dini di TK Rahmat Sigi Sidera Sulawesi Tengah (2022)

Abstrak: Bermain merupakan salah satu kebutuhan yang dapat menstimulasi perkembangan anak, salah satunya yakni perkembangan motorik halus anak, kegiatan yang dapat meningkatkan perkembangan motorik halus anak yakni melalui permainan plastisin. Tujuan dalam penelitian ini, untuk mengetahui bagaimana penggunaan permainan plastisin dalam meningkatkan motorik halus anak usia dini di TK Rahmat Sigi Sidera Sulawesi Tengah. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah pendekatan kualitatif, teknik pengumpulan data melalui observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi, teknik analisis data yang digunakan adalah reduksi data, penyajian data, dan verifikasi data, dan keabsahan data diperkuat dengan melakukan teknik pemeriksaan. Penelitian di laksanakan di Tk Rahmat Sigi Sidera. Pelaksanaan kegiatan dilakukan dengan mengikuti waktu kegiatan pembelajaran berlangsung, dengan melakukan pengamatan terhadap anak didik. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa: penggunaan permainan plastisin dalam meningkatkan motorik halus anak usia dini di TK Rahmat Sigi Sidera Sulawesi Tengah, senantiasa berorientasi pada kebutuhan anak, terdapat 3 tahap sebelum pembelajaran yaitu: perencanaan, pelaksanaan, dan evaluasi. &#x0D; Kata kunci: permainan plastisin, motorik halus, anak usia dini&#x0D; Abstract: Play is one of the needs that can stimulate children's development, one of which is the development of children's fine motor skills, activities that can improve children's fine motor development, namely through plasticine games. The purpose of this study was to find out how the use of plasticine games in improving fine motor skills in early childhood at Rahmat Sigi Sidera Kindergarten, Central Sulawesi. The research method used is a qualitative approach, data collection techniques through observation, interviews, and documentation, data analysis techniques used are data reduction, data presentation, and data verification. The research was carried out at Rahmat Sigi Sidera Kindergarten. The implementation of activities is carried out by following the time the learning activities take place, by observing the students. The results of this study indicate that: the use of plasticine games in improving fine motor skills in early childhood at Rahmat Sigi Sidera Kindergarten, Central Sulawesi, is always oriented to the needs of children, there are 3 stages before learning, namely: planning, implementation, and evaluation.&#x0D; Keywords: plasticine game, fine motor, early childhood
Towards a stable ion-solvating polymer electrolyte for advanced alkaline water electrolysis (2017)

Steric hindrance is employed as a design strategy of polybenzimidazoles for ion-solvating polymer electrolyte membrane alkaline water electrolysis.
Effect of Ag nanoparticles integrated within antireflection coatings for solar cells (2013)

The influence of the relative position of Ag metallic nanoparticles (Ag MNPs) embedded in a 100 nm SiOx Antireflection Coating (ARC) for specular polished c-Si substrates is studied. It is demonstrated that this Plasmonic ARC (PARC) can achieve lower average reflectivities than the optimised SiOx ARC. This has been done for different sizes of Ag nanoparticles. An alternative for PECVD to encapsulate Ag MNPs with SiOx is presented, avoiding the risk of metallic contamination in the reactor chamber as well as its effect on the size and shape of the self-aggregated Ag MNP. It is demonstrated, however, that this PARC is not suitable for silicon solar cells as a substitute for traditional ARC because it presents a high loss related with Fano destructive interference.
High aspect-ratio dry-release poly-silicon MEMS technology for inertial-grade microgyroscopes (2002)

This paper presents an all-silicon, single wafer high aspect-ratio dry-release MEMS technology capable of producing 10-100's of microns thick, electrically isolated 3-D silicon microstructures. This process utilizes polysilicon as the structural material and is capable of producing very thick polysilicon and silicon electrodes using deep reactive ion etching of silicon. Various size capacitive air-gaps ranging from sub-micron to tens of microns can be realized in this technology. Using a bent-beam strain gauge, residual stress in 80 /spl mu/m thick, 4 /spl mu/m wide trench-refilled vertical polysilicon beams fabricated through this technology have been measured to be zero. 300 /spl mu/m long clamped-clamped beam resonators have shown quality factors as high as 85,000 in 1m Torr vacuum. This technology provides features required for high performance vibratory gyroscopes. The all-silicon feature of the technology improves long-term stability and temperature sensitivity; fabrication of large area, vertical electrodes with sub-micron gap will increase the sensitivity by orders of magnitude. Larger air-gaps can accommodate large drive amplitudes for increased Coriolis acceleration.
Macromolecular Crowding Regulates Assembly of mRNA Stress Granules after Osmotic Stress (2011)

The massive uptake of compatible osmolytes such as betaine, taurine, and myo-inositol is a protective response shared by all eukaryotes exposed to hypertonic stress. Their accumulation results mostly from the expression of specific transporters triggered by the transcriptional factor NFAT5/TonEBP. This allows the recovery of the cell volume without increasing intracellular ionic strength. In this study we consider the assembly and dissociation of mRNA stress granules (SGs) in hypertonic-stressed cells and the role of compatible osmolytes. In agreement with in vitro results obtained on isolated mRNAs, both macromolecular crowding and a high ionic strength favor the assembly of SGs in normal rat kidney epithelial cells. However, after hours of constant hypertonicity, the slow accumulation in the cytoplasm of compatible osmolytes via specific transporters both reduces macromolecular crowding and ionic strength, thus leading to the progressive dissociation of SGs. In line with this, when cells are exposed to hypertonicity to accumulate a large amount of compatible osmolytes, the formation of SGs is severely impaired, and cells increase their chances of survival to another hypertonic episode. Altogether, these results indicate that the impact of compatible osmolytes on the mRNA-associated machineries and especially that associated with SGs may play an important role in cell resistance and adaption to hyperosmolarity in many tissues like kidney and liver.
Hydrosilylation reaction of olefins: recent advances and perspectives (2015)

This review focuses on the recent development of efficient, selective, and cheaper hydrosilylation catalyst systems appearing in the last decade.