gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Novel tandem rearrangement of a steroidal ring Dcycloadduct derived from 2-chloroacrylonitrile (1993)

The cycloadduct 2 derived from reaction of 3-methoxyestra-1,3,5(10), 14, 16-pentaen-17-yl acetate 1 with 2-chloroacrylonitrile undergoes a tandem reaction sequence in the presence of alkali, leading to (161R)-3-methoxy-17-oxo-15β, 161-cyclo-14, 16β-ethano-14β-estra-1,3,5(10)-triene-161-carbonitrile 4, the X-ray crystal structure of which is reported; compound 4 is converted into new ring D bridged analogues of estrone.
Consolidation of tantalum nitride system powders by shock compression (1994)

Shock compression recovery experiments were performed on the CoSn‐type tantalum nitride (TaN) system powders to prepare the B1‐type TaN system bulk bodies through the shock‐induced CoSn‐B1 phases transition. The starting materials were pure TaN powder and TaN‐Al, TaN‐TiN, TaN‐TaC system mixture powders. As a result, almost single phase B1‐type tantalum nitride bulk bodies with good stoichometric composition were prepared by shock compression. The pure tantalum nitride bulk bodies showed the higher hardnesses than the sintered CoSn‐type one by a static pressure. The TaN‐Al, TaN‐TiN, and TaN‐TaC system bulk bodies with good dispersion were also prepared by shock compression.
Development of an Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay for the Serological Diagnosis of Big Liver and Spleen Disease (1993)

An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was developed for the serological diagnosis of big liver and spleen (BLS) disease. The test utilizes a soluble, BLS-specific antigen that can be recovered from the livers of infected hens and that is known to react in the agar gel immunodiffusion (AGID) test. For use in ELISA, the BLS-specific antigen is fractionated by gel filtration chromatography and immobilized on microtiter plates using glutaraldehyde. The ELISA was evaluated using sera from infected and uninfected flocks originating in the United Kingdom and the United States. An ELISA format that incorporated control antigen recovered from the livers of uninfected birds for each serum tested was found to be more sensitive than the AGID test. A less sensitive but more cost-effective format that did not incorporate this control is considered suitable for large-scale flock screening programs.
Bioconjugation of luminescent silicon quantum dots to gadolinium ions for bioimaging applications (2012)

Luminescent imaging agents and MRI contrast agents are desirable components in the rational design of multifunctional nanoconstructs for biological imaging applications. Luminescent biocompatible silicon quantum dots (SiQDs) and gadolinium chelates can be applied for fluorescence microscopy and MRI, respectively. Here, we report the first synthesis of a nanocomplex incorporating SiQDs and gadolinium ions (Gd³⁺) for biological applications. The nanoconstruct is composed of a PEGylated micelle, with hydrophobic SiQDs in its core, covalently bound to DOTA-chelated Gd³⁺. Dynamic light scattering reveals a radius of 85 nm for these nanoconstructs, which is consistent with the electron microscopy results depicting radii ranging from 25 to 60 nm. Cellular uptake of the probes verified that they maintain their optical properties within the intracellular environment. The magnetic resonance relaxivity of the nanoconstruct was 2.4 mM⁻¹ s⁻¹ (in terms of Gd³⁺ concentration), calculated to be around 6000 mM⁻¹ s⁻¹ per nanoconstruct. These desirable optical and relaxivity properties of the newly developed probe open the door for use of SiQDs in future multimodal applications such as tumour imaging.
Cisternoatrial, ventriculocisternal, and other cisternal shunts simplified (1977)

✓ The authors describe a shunt inserted by a percutaneous route to the cisterna magna for the treatment of various cerebrospinal fluid disorders.
Supplemental Table 3 from Sensitizing Triple-Negative Breast Cancer to PI3K Inhibition by Cotargeting IGF1R (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Normalized counts of shRNA constructs in GDC-0941-exposed and control populations&lt;/p&gt;
Sphingosine 1-Phosphate May Be a Major Component of Plasma Lipoproteins Responsible for the Cytoprotective Actions in Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells (2001)

Sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P), a novel lipid mediator, is concentrated in the fraction of lipoproteins that include high density lipoprotein (HDL) and low density lipoprotein (LDL) in human plasma. Here, we show that oxidation of LDL resulted in a marked reduction in the S1P level in association with a marked accumulation of lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC). We therefore investigated the role of the lipoprotein-associated lipids especially S1P in the lipoprotein-induced cytoprotective or cytotoxic actions in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. The viability of the cells gradually decreased in the absence of serum or growth factors in the culture medium. The addition of oxidized LDL (ox-LDL) accelerated the decrease in the cell viability. LPC and 7-ketocholesterol mimicked ox-LDL actions. On the other hand, HDL and LDL almost completely reversed the serum deprivation- or ox-LDL-induced cytotoxicity. Exogenous S1P mimicked cytoprotective actions. Moreover, the S1P-rich fraction and chromatographically purified S1P from HDL exerted cytoprotective actions, but the rest of the fractions did not. The cytoprotective actions of HDL and S1P were associated with extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) activation and were almost completely inhibited by pertussis toxin and PD98059, an ERK kinase inhibitor. The HDL-induced action was specifically desensitized in the S1P-pretreated cells. Taken together, these results indicate that the lipoprotein-associated S1P and the lipid receptor-mediated signal pathways may be responsible for the lipoprotein-induced cytoprotective actions. Furthermore, the decrease in the S1P content, in addition to the accumulation of cytotoxic substances such as LPC, may be important for the acquisition of the cytotoxic property to ox-LDL.
Ceramic Forms for Nuclear Waste (1979)

Options for disposal of high level liquid radioactive waste, a by-product of the nuclear fuel cycle, range from controlled surface storage in remote areas to storage in deep geologic formations and injection into outer space. Features or operations common to all these options are the production of a solid waste form, transportation, and disposal, with the ultimate goal of isolating the waste from the biosphere. Since some of the long-lived radionuclides are extremely toxic to man, isolation must be assured over long periods of time. Any solid waste form should serve to reduce waste volume and provide short term stabilization under conditions such as fracture, fire, or water immersion which could result from a transportation mishap. In the geologic storage scenarios currently receiving the most scrutiny, the most likely path to the biosphere has been identified as aqueous transport of nuclides via groundwater. Thus an acceptable waste form would also
Single- and multimode VCSELs operating with continuous relief kinoform for focussed spot-array generation (1997)

We report the use of both single- and multimode VCSELs operating at 850 nm as the illumination source for a continuous-relief diffractive optical element (DOE) fabricated in resist on quartz. The system produces a 4/spl times/4 array of focussed spots from a single optical input. The uniformity error was found to be /spl sim/10% in all cases, and the overall system efficiency /spl sim/35% A single spot-coupling efficiency of 70% into a multimode fiber placed 20 mm from the DOE was also measured.
Pretreatment Semen Parameters in Men With Cancer (2008)

Men with most types of cancer have pretreatment semen parameters in the fertile range for density and in the intermediate range for motility. However, men with testicular cancer statistically have lower semen quality compared to those with other malignancies. These findings further highlight the importance of pretreatment fertility preservation in this patient population before undergoing gonadotoxic treatments.
Divide and Conquer for Combinatorial Optimization and Distributed Quantum Computation (2021)

Scaling the size of monolithic quantum computer systems is a difficult task. As the number of qubits within a device increases, a number of factors contribute to decreases in yield and performance. To meet this challenge, distributed architectures composed of many networked quantum computers have been proposed as a viable path to scalability. Such systems will need algorithms and compilers that are tailored to their distributed architectures. In this work we introduce the Quantum Divide and Conquer Algorithm (QDCA), a hybrid variational approach to mapping large combinatorial optimization problems onto distributed quantum architectures. This is achieved through the combined use of graph partitioning and quantum circuit cutting. The QDCA, an example of application-compiler co-design, alters the structure of the variational ansatz to tame the exponential compilation overhead incurred by quantum circuit cutting. The result of this cross-layer co-design is a highly flexible algorithm which can be tuned to the amount of classical or quantum computational resources that are available, and can be applied to both near- and long-term distributed quantum architectures. We simulate the QDCA on instances of the Maximum Independent Set problem and find that it is able to outperform similar classical algorithms. We also evaluate an 8-qubit QDCA ansatz on a superconducting quantum computer and show that circuit cutting can help to mitigate the effects of noise. Our work demonstrates how many small-scale quantum computers can work together to solve problems $85\%$ larger than their own qubit count, motivating the development and potential of large-scale distributed quantum computing.
Detection and measurement of local distortions in a semiconductor layered structure by convergent-beam electron diffraction (1987)

It is shown that local tetragonal distortion in a Si Ge0.05Si0.95 strained-layered structure can be detected and quantified from analyses of the high-order Laue zone lines which are present in the bright-field disks of [001] convergent-beam electron diffraction patterns. The detection of a tetragonal distortion is based on symmetry arguments, whereas the quantification requires a detailed analysis which is based on computer simulated patterns, assuming a kinematical approximation of the scattering process and including surface relaxation. The result of this quantitative analysis is in good agreement with the tetragonal distortion which is predicted by isotropic elasticity theory.
Exploration de l’acidose tubulaire chez le patient drépanocytaire (2014)

La drépanocytose s’accompagne fréquemment (42 %) d’une acidose métabolique, dont le mécanisme n’est pas élucidé. L’objectif de notre étude est d’en étudier le mécanisme. Étude observationnelle multicentrique, incluant des patients drépanocytaires SS adultes avec [HCO3−] < 22 mmol/L à plus de deux reprises au cours du suivi et un DFG estimé par CKD-EPI sans le facteur ethnie (DFGe) ≥ 60 mL/min/1,73 m2. Test d’acidification urinaire (après 7 jours d’arrêt des traitements alcalinisants) : administration per os de 40 mg de furosémide (augmente le flux de sodium dans le tube distal, nécessaire à la sécrétion d’H+) et de 1 mg de fludrocortisone (augmente la réabsorption de sodium par la cellule principale, stimulant ainsi la sécrétion d’H+ par la cellule intercalaire α) puis recueil urinaire toutes les heures pendant 4 heures. Un défaut d’acidification est retenu si le pH urinaire reste > 5,3. Sept patients ont été explorés (2 hommes, 40 ans [24–49], DFGe = 109 mL/min/1,73 m2 [74–132]). En comparaison à notre cohorte historique (n = 630), ces 7 patients avaient une hémoglobinémie plus basse (6,9 [6,6–8,3] vs 8,7 [8–9,6] g/dL, p = 0,005), des LDH plus élevés (567 [506-770] vs 352 [285–450] UI/L, p = 0,0004) et un % de globules rouges (GR) ayant une densité > 1,11 supérieur (25 [9–32] vs 12 [7–18], p = 0,03). Le jour de l’exploration, à l’état basal : [HCO3−] médiane = 22,8 mmol/L [19,4–24,2]. Au cours du test, le pH urinaire a diminué en dessous de 5,3 chez 3 patients et l’augmentation de l’ammoniurie était normale (33 à 75 μmol/min) chez 2 patients. Seul un patient a répondu de façon normale au test. Les patients drépanocytaires avec acidose métabolique ont un phénotype hématologique hyperhémolytique avec % important de GR denses. Le mécanisme de l’acidose tubulaire est un défaut de sécrétion d’acide par le canal collecteur dû soit à un défaut de disponibilité interstitielle d’ammonium, soit à une anomalie primitive de la cellule intercalaire α.
Carrier Screening for Cystic Fibrosis, Gaucher Disease, and Tay-Sachs Disease in the Ashkenazi Jewish Population (1998)

New tests can be readily incorporated into established heterozygote screening programs. The Ashkenazi Jewish population described herein tends to choose testing for all conditions for which heterozygote screening is available.
Ossification of the Posterior Longitudinal Ligament (2003)

A 51-year-old gentleman of Chinese descent presented for neurological evaluation following a two-year history of cervical neck pain associated with left arm numbness. His symptoms were initially stable, but had progressed over the past six months to include weakness of his entire left arm and leg and symptoms of bladder urgency. Two weeks prior to presentation, he suffered repeated falls due to worsening gait difficulties. The past medical history was significant for type II diabetes mellitus.
Rheology of dense suspensions: Insights from soft dynamics simulations (2013)

Soft Dynamics is a discrete element method that we designed to simulate the flow of dense suspensions. We use it here to simulate plane shear flows of non-Brownian grains with only short range interactions: the viscous lubrication and a steric repulsion with a tunable range. We measure a macroscopic constitutive law that can be expressed, as for dry grains, through a friction law and a dilatation law. We then analyze the contribution of lubrication and repulsion forces to the macroscopic shear stress. This allows us to identity two flow regimes: depending on the shear rate and repulsion range, the shear stress may be mainly due to either repulsion or lubrication forces. This study could be useful to model the rheological behaviour of similar particulate fluids such as foams and emulsions, which comprise bubbles and droplets interacting with lubrication and steric repulsion.
Endovascular repair of posttraumatic thoracic pseudoaneurysm with a stent graft. (1997)

Endovascular repair of posttraumatic thoracic pseudoaneurysm with a stent graft.P Desgranges, C Mialhe, A Cavillon, P Alric, P Qvarfordt, H Kobeiter, D Mathieu, D Mellière and J P BecqueminAudio Available | Share
A scanned, focused, multiple transducer ultrasonic system for localized hyperthermia treatments (2010)

A commercial diagnostic ultrasound scanner (Octoson) was modified for performing hyperthermia treatments. The temperature elevations were induced in tissues by four large, focused ultrasonic transducers whose common focal zone was scanned along a computer controlled path as determined from B-scan images. The system is described and the results of preliminary tests demonstrating some of its capabilities are given. Extensive tests with canine thighs and kidneys were performed. The blood flow to the kidneys was controllable, and thus tumours having different blood perfusion rates could be simulated. The results showed that the system is capable of inducing a local temperature maximum deep in tissues (up to 10 cm was tested) and that tissues with high perfusion rates could be heated.
Modern B-Tree Techniques (2011)

Invented about 40 years ago and called ubiquitous less than 10 years later, B-tree indexes have been used in a wide variety of computing systems from handheld devices to mainframes and server farms. Over the years, many techniques have been added to the basic design in order to improve efficiency or to add functionality. Examples include separation of updates to structure or contents, utility operations such as non-logged yet transactional index creation, and robust query processing such as graceful degradation during index-to-index navigation. This survey reviews the basics of B-trees and of B-tree indexes in databases, transactional techniques and query processing techniques related to B-trees, B-tree utilities essential for database operations, and many optimizations and improvements. It is intended both as a survey and as a reference, enabling researchers to compare index innovations with advanced B-tree techniques and enabling professionals to select features, functions, and tradeoffs most appropriate for their data management challenges.
On the use of the Iodide Iodate Reaction Method for assessing mixing times in continuous flow mixers (2010)

Abstract It is demonstrated experimentally by example of simple, commercially available T‐junctions and by ”unsymmetrical” V‐type micromixers that mixing times cannot be derived by applying the Iodide Iodate Reaction Method without considering the specific mixer geometry. Experimental results differ depending on the orientation of the feeds with respect to the inlets. An explanation for the observed effects is suggested. © 2010 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2011
Suppression of the immune response to Listeria monocytogenes. I. Immune complexes inhibit resistance. (1984)

Murine infection with the facultative intracellular pathogen Listeria monocytogenes was studied as a model of cell-mediated immunity. Overwhelming lethal infection with Listeria developed when mice were given a secondary challenge with a protein antigen at the same time as Listeria infection. Three days after infection, mice immunized with ovalbumin and then challenged with Listeria and ovalbumin had up to 2.1(10)6 times as many viable Listeria organisms in their spleens as mice challenged only with Listeria. The suppressive effect of secondary challenge with a protein antigen was found to be antigen-specific, transient, and not dependent on route of challenge with either Listeria or ovalbumin. Secondary challenge with a protein antigen suppressed both the primary and the secondary responses to Listeria. Immune serum, or affinity-purified antibody, was found to transfer the suppressive effect to nonimmune mice. These findings demonstrate that acute formation of immune complexes causes a transient state of high susceptibility to infection with an intracellular pathogen. Possible mechanisms for, and implications of, these findings are discussed.
Battery impedance: Farads, milliohms, microhenries (1959)

Very little has been published on the resistance, capacitance, and inductance of storage batteries. A study made to obtain actual measured values of these important parameters is described.
MUC1 is a novel marker for the type II pneumocyte lineage during lung carcinogenesis. (1998)

Abnormalities in mucin-type glycoprotein expression have been documented in a variety of cancers, identifying these molecules as targets for immunologically based therapies and prognostic/diagnostic assays. We examined the expression of the membrane-bound MUC1 mucin in normal, histologically atypical, and neoplastic lung to determine its potential contribution to lung carcinogenesis. In vivo, intense MUC1 immunoreactivity was present in normal type II pneumocytes as well as in a range of atypical lesions derived from type II cells and >60% of primary and metastatic non-small cell lung cancers. Expression was not associated with altered survival, although it was highly correlated with the adenocarcinoma histology. A carcinogenesis model using 4-(N-methyl-N-nitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone-exposed hamsters revealed that MUC1 mRNA increased prior to the histological appearance of tumors. In vitro studies using MUC1 expressing non-small cell lung cancer cell lines revealed that differentiation away from a type II cell lineage was associated with dramatic down-regulation of MUC1. We propose that MUC1 is a powerful new marker for the type II pneumocyte cell lineage that allows us to follow the type II pneumocyte lineage during the process of lung carcinogenesis.
Perspectives on Bioanalytical Mass Spectrometry and Automation in Drug Discovery (2008)

The use of high speed synthesis technologies has resulted in a steady increase in the number of new chemical entities active in the drug discovery research stream. Large organizations can have thousands of chemical entities in various stages of testing and evaluation across numerous projects on a weekly basis. Qualitative and quantitative measurements made using LC/MS are integrated throughout this process from early stage lead generation through candidate nomination. Nearly all analytical processes and procedures in modern research organizations are automated to some degree. This includes both hardware and software automation. In this review we discuss bioanalytical mass spectrometry and automation as components of the analytical chemistry infrastructure in pharma. Analytical chemists are presented as members of distinct groups with similar skillsets that build automated systems, manage test compounds, assays and reagents, and deliver data to project teams. The ADME-screening process in drug discovery is used as a model to highlight the relationships between analytical tasks in drug discovery. Emerging software and process automation tools are described that can potentially address gaps and link analytical chemistry related tasks. The role of analytical chemists and groups in modern 'industrialized' drug discovery is also discussed.
Induction of Skin Fibrosis in Mice Expressing a Mutated Fibrillin-1 Gene (2000)

The results suggest that, although cutaneous hyperplasia is due to mutated Fbn-1 gene, the TSK syndrome may be multifactorial.
Evidence of a human odorant-binding protein in the olfactory mucus :location, characterization and potential role as an odorant carrier (2002)

International audience
The risk and efficacy of anticoagulant therapy in the treatment of thromboembolic complications in patients with primary malignant brain tumors (1990)

Twenty-three patients with malignant glial neoplasms were treated with anticoagulant therapy for thromboembolic complications. Fifteen patients had deep vein thrombosis alone, and 8 patients had both deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism. Serum prothrombin times were maintained at 1.25 times control for an average of 5.8 months per patient, for a total patient exposure to warfarin therapy of 132 patient-months (11 patient-years). Only 1 patient suffered a recurrent pulmonary embolism, and this occurred during an episode of gastrointestinal bleeding, when anticoagulant therapy had to be discontinued prematurely. All patients were followed with serial computed tomographic or magnetic resonance imaging scans, and no patient showed radiographic evidence of intratumoral hemorrhage either during or after warfarin therapy. One patient, who died from a large recurrent glioblastoma, was found at autopsy to have scattered foci of intratumoral hemorrhage. This series, together with a review of the available literature, suggests that oral anticoagulant therapy is both a safe and effective means of treating thromboembolic complications in patients with residual malignant glial tumors.