gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Robustness of RNA sequencing on older formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue from high-grade ovarian serous adenocarcinomas (2019)

Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissues are among the most widely available clinical specimens. Their potential utility as a source of RNA for transcriptome studies would greatly enhance population-based cancer studies. Although preliminary studies suggest FFPE tissue may be used for RNA sequencing, the effect of storage time on these specimens needs to be determined. We conducted this study to determine whether RNA in archived FFPE high-grade ovarian serous adenocarcinomas from Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) registries was present in sufficient quantity and quality for RNA-Seq analysis. FFPE tissues, stored from 7 to 32 years, were obtained from three SEER sites. RNA was extracted, quantified, quality assessed, and subjected to RNA-Seq (a whole transcriptome sequencing technology). FFPE specimens stored for longer periods of time had poorer RNA sample quality as indicated by negative correlations between specimen storage time and fragment distribution values (DV). In addition, sample contamination was a common issue among the RNA, with 41 of 67 samples having 5% to 48% bacterial contamination. However, regardless of specimen storage time and bacterial contamination, 60% of the samples yielded data that enabled gene expression quantification, identifying more than 10,000 genes, with the correlations among most biological replicates above 0.7. This study demonstrates that FFPE high-grade ovarian serous adenocarcinomas specimens stored in repositories for up to 32 years and under varying storage conditions are a promising source of RNA for RNA-Seq. We also describe certain caveats to be considered when designing RNA-Seq studies using archived FFPE tissues.
Element specific magnetic properties of Gd-doped GaN: Very small polarization of Ga and paramagnetism of Gd (2008)

Element specific x-ray magnetic dichroism measurements have been carried out at the $\text{Ga}\text{ }K$ and Ga and $\text{Gd}\text{ }{L}_{3}$ edges of the dilute magnetic semiconductor (DMS) Gd:GaN grown by molecular beam epitaxy. This DMS material has previously been reported to exhibit room temperature magnetic order accompanied by colossal effective magnetic moments. We detect only a very small magnetic polarization of the order of at most ${10}^{\ensuremath{-}5}{\ensuremath{\mu}}_{B}/\text{Ga}$ atom in Gd:GaN which cannot account for the colossal effective magnetic moments. Further, the element specific magnetic properties at the Gd sites do not reveal any ferromagneticlike signatures but rather behave paramagnetic. Thus, the ferromagnetism in Gd:GaN is caused by polarization of the N site or by extrinsic mechanisms such as magnetic polarization of defects or residual oxygen in these samples.
Mechanochemically synthesized crystalline luminescent 2D coordination polymers of La3+and Ce3+, doped with Sm3+, Eu3+, Tb3+, and Dy3+: synthesis, crystal structures and luminescence (2016)

The luminescence properties of two series of heteronuclear lanthanide-based coordination polymers were studied. The heteronuclear compounds were synthesized via mechanosynthesis routes. These series have the general chemical formula [Ln1−xLn′x(pzdc)(Hpzdc)(H2O)3]n (Ln = La3+ or Ce3+, Ln′ = Sm3+, Eu3+, Tb3+, or Dy3+, x = 0.050, 0.075 or 0.100) where H2pzdc stands for 2,3-pyrazinedicarboxylic acid (Hpzdc− = mono-deprotonated and pzdc2− = bis-deprotonated). The heteronuclear compounds that belong to each series are isostructural to a new two-dimensional La(III) coordination polymer and to an already reported homonuclear two-dimensional Ce(III) coordination polymer, [La(pzdc)(Hpzdc)(H2O)3]n and [Ce(pzdc)(Hpzdc)(H2O)3]n, respectively. These two crystal structures are isostructural as well. The La(III) and Ce(III) compounds have been synthesized via conventional heating and mechanosynthesis. The La(III) coordination polymer was structurally characterized by single crystal X-ray diffraction and was shown to consist of 2D sheets that construct a three-dimensional supramolecular architecture via non-covalent interactions i.e. hydrogen bonding. To find the optimal lanthanide-ion concentrations, the systems were doped with 5%, 7.5% or 10% of a spectroscopically active ion (Sm3+, Eu3+, Tb3+, or Dy3+) to investigate the luminescence properties.
Perspective: Cultivating Strategic Foresight for Energy and Environmental Security (2009)

Historically, people and their governments have not understood or been prepared for the social, economic, and political instability that can result from energy scarcity or deterioration of the environment. Rapa Nui (Easter Island) is an example from centuries ago where an isolated population irreversibly damaged its finite resources. The cutting of trees to move stone statues had a cascade effect on other resources and led to a dramatic decline in both population and prosperity (Diamond, 2005; Fagan, 2008; Pointing, 1991). More recently, in Darfur, human struggle over access to oil resources, compounded by problems wrought by persistent drought, produced both socioeconomic isolation and regional ethnic disconnection, magnifying a conflict that displaced nearly 2.5 million people (International Crisis Group—Sudan). We contend that disasters such as these can be mitigated or even averted if the complex connections and dependencies of the issues involved can be revealed and if there is a social network to connect isolated areas of expertise and knowledge in order to fully understand and visualize the problems and consequences to leaders and policy makers. This article describes a developing international effort to create a strategic foresight capability addressing the intersection of increasing energy demand and global environmental issues, such as climate change and declining natural resources.
Saturable reactor assisted soft-switching full-bridge DC-DC power convertors (1991)

A new soft-switching converter technique is introduced which employs small saturable reactors and phase-shift modulation. This considerably reduces switching losses with no substantial increase in conduction losses. The proposed soft-switching concept and its modifications to full-bridge DC-DC power convertors are shown and discussed. These convertors can be realised by only a few additional small magnetic components with conventional full-bridge PWM convertors. The steady-state characteristics are verified analytically and experimentally through 350 W, 500 kHz breadbords.
The Technology, Business, and Economics of Streaming Video (2021)

"Along with its interrelated companion volume, The Content, Impact, and Regulation of Streaming Video, this book covers the next generation of TV-streaming online video, with details about its present and a broad perspective on the future. It reviews the new technical elements that are emerging, both in hardware and software, their long-term trend, and the implications, and discusses the emerging 'media cloud' of video and infrastructure platforms, and the organizational form of such TV. What kind of companies? What kind of business models? What kind of industries? What kind of impact on existing media? And what kind of market power in media industries, around the world? The author addresses these questions with facts and figures, ranging across technology, economics, communications studies, business, policy, and law. Media professionals in academia, management, technology, policy and creative production will appreciate the non-jargony yet thorough exploration of streaming online video in The Technology, Business, and Economics of Streaming Video"
Particle nanosizing and coating with an ionic liquid: two routes to improve the transport properties of Na3V2(PO4)2FO2 (2022)

Na<sub>3</sub>V<sub>2</sub>(PO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub>FO<sub>2</sub> is a promising candidate for practical use as a positive electrode material in Na-ion batteries thanks to its high voltage and excellent structural stability upon cycling. However, its limited intrinsic transport properties limit its performance at fast charge/discharge rates. In this work, two efficient approaches are presented to optimize the electrical conductivity of the electrode material: particle nanosizing and particle coating with an ionic liquid (IL). The former reveals that particle downsizing from micrometer to nanometer range improves the electronic conductivity by more than two orders of magnitude, which greatly improves the rate capability without affecting the capacity retention. The second approch dealing with an original surface modification by applying an IL coating strongly enhances the ionic mobility and offers new perspectives to improve the energy storage performance by designing the electrode materials' surface composition.
Quantitative photomosaicking of underwater imagery (2002)

Looks at some of the justification behind photomosaicking for underwater imaging. One of the primary reasons for employing photomosaicking underwater is to obtain a better global perspective in the underwater environment. Due to physical constraints underwater, it is virtually impossible to frame large objects of interest within a single picture frame. Thus there has been considerable interest over the years in taking a series of images and composing them together into a composite photomosaic of the area of interest. The metric for judging such efforts have been largely qualitative equalizing the illumination across images to eliminate differences in intensity and paying careful attention to matching features that cross image boundaries to enhance the sense of continuity across the mosaic. Unfortunately these methods yield large overall distortions as the errors tend to accumulate in a photomosaic as successive images are added. The authors present results that highlight the need for more than a qualitative metric for determining the accuracy of a photomosaic. The authors use navigation data to analyze the rate and nature of error propagation in photomosaicking. By examining the nature of the error the authors show the potential of such a technique for generating large scale photomosaics with bounded errors.
Natural rubber science and technology (1988)

Foreword. Preface. A historical perspective of the rubber industry biosynthesis of rubber latex concentrates - properties and composition technological processing of natural rubber latex rheology of raw rubber compounding injection moulding compounding for tyres blends of natural rubber with thermoplastics chemical modification of natural rubber non-sulphur vulcanization sulphur vulcanization chemistry oxidative ageing graft copolymers from natural rubber strength properties of rubber friction and wear diffusion of liquids and solids in rubber low temperature crystallization of natural rubber engineering use of natural rubber vibration isolation and earthquake protection of buildings physical testing and automation chemical analysis the evolution of new uses for natural rubber. Index.
A Service Discovery Architecture based on Anycast in Pervasive Computing Environments (2007)

Service discovery is very useful in pervasive computing environments. A service discovery architecture based on anycast is proposed. A wellknown anycast address is defined first, which stands for a group of directory servers supporting service discovery. Each node in pervasive environment determines whether it is qualified to be a directory server in accordance with its capability, such as its memory, energy, or location stability. Qualified node announces that it serves the well-known anycast address and then begins to listen and cache service register messages from other nodes. A node supplying a service sends register messages to the well-known anycast address. The message is routed the nearest one of directory servers by an underlying anycast routing protocol. When a node wants to get some service information, it sends query messages to the anycast address, too. The message is also routed to the nearest directory. The directory replies in accordance with the information cached or obtained from other directories. With anycast, network load caused by service discovery is reduced dramatically, which results in scalability. The architecture is fully distributed, which does not depend on any central point. Therefore the architecture is a good candidate solution for service discovery in pervasive environment.
CEREBROSPINAL FLUID CONCENTRATIONS OF ANTI-INFLAMMATORY MEDIATORS IN EARLY-PHASE SEVERE TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY (2005)

In our previous study of patients with early-phase severe traumatic brain injury (TBI), the anti-inflammatory interleukin (IL)-10 concentration was lower in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) than in serum, whereas proinflammatory IL-1beta and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha concentrations were higher in CSF than in serum. To clarify the influence of additional injury on this disproportion between proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory mediators, we compared their CSF and serum concentrations in patients with severe TBI with and without additional injury. All 35 study patients (18 with and 17 without additional injury) had a Glasgow Coma Scale score of 8 or less upon admission. With the exception of additional injury, clinical characteristics did not differ significantly between groups. CSF and serum concentrations of two proinflammatory mediators (IL-1beta and TNF-alpha,) and three anti-inflammatory mediators (IL-1 receptor antagonist [IL-1ra], soluble TNF receptor-I [sTNFr-I], and IL-10) were measured and compared at 6 h after injury. CSF concentrations of proinflammatory mediators were much higher than the corresponding serum concentrations in both patient groups (P < 0.001). In contrast, serum concentrations of anti-inflammatory mediators were much higher than the paired CSF concentrations in patients with additional injury (P < 0.001), but serum concentrations were lower than or equal to the corresponding CSF concentrations in patients without additional injury. CSF concentrations of IL-1beta, IL-1ra, sTNFr-I, and IL-10 were significantly higher (P < 0.01 for all) in patients with high intracranial pressure (ICP; n = 11) than in patients with low ICP (n = 24), and were also significantly higher (P < 0.05 for all) in patients with an unfavorable outcome (n = 14) than in patients with a favorable outcome (n = 21). These findings indicate that increased serum concentrations of anti-inflammatory mediators after severe TBI are mainly due to additional extracranial injury. We conclude that anti-inflammatory mediators in CSF may be useful indicators of the severity of brain damage in terms of ICP as well as overall prognosis of patients with severe TBI.
Development of a Game for Entrants into Farming and Farm Village Life (2006)

ゲームに慣れ親しんでいる青年を対象に, ゲームを通じて農業への興味を喚起させるためのシステムを開発した. このシステムでは, ゲームという仮想空間の中で利用者が主人公となり, 新規就農生活を体験することが出来る. 農作業や作物の画像を活用することで新規就農生活を視覚的に理解することや, ゲーム中のイベントを通して農業に関する初歩的な知識を習得することが出来る. このシステムに対する利用者アンケート調査を実施し, ゲームを通じて農業への興味を喚起する効果があることなどを明らかにした. また, ゲーム性と現実性のバランス, 農業経営・作物に関する内容の充実等が今後の課題であることも明らかになった.
On the dynamic of high-speed gas bearings: stability study and experimental validation (2011)

For high-speed applications, gas lubricated bearings offer very specific advantages over other, more conventional bearing technologies: a clean and oil-free solution, virtually wear-free operation, low frictional losses, wide operating temperature range, etc. However, the principal drawback involved in the application of high-speed gas bearings concerns the dynamic stability problem. Successful application therefore requires control of the rotor-bearing dynamics so as to avoid instabilities. After a detailed study of the dynamic stability problem and the formulation of a convenient stability criterium, a brief overview is given of the currently existing bearing types and configurations for improving the stability. In addition, three strategies are introduced: (i) optimal design of plain aerostatic bearings; (ii) modification of the bearing geometry to counteract the destabilising effects in the gas film; and (iii) introduction of damping external to the gas film as to compensate for the destabilising effects. These strategies are worked out into detail leading to the formulation of a series of design rules. Their effectiveness is validated experimentally at a miniature scale. In recent experiments a rotational speed of 1.2 million rpm has been achieved with a 6 mm rotor on aerodynamic journal bearings, leading to a record DN-number of 7.2 million.
Abc-frame complex-coefficient filter and controller based current harmonic elimination strategy for three-phase grid connected inverter (2016)

Current quality is one of the most important issues for operating three-phase grid-connected inverter in distributed generation systems. In practice, the grid current quality is degraded in case of non-ideal utility voltage. A new control strategy is proposed for the three-phase grid-connected inverter. Different from the traditional method, our proposal utilizes the unique abc-frame complex-coefficient filter and controller to achieve the balanced, sinusoidal grid current. The main feature of the proposed method is simple and easy to implement without any frame transformation. The theoretical analysis and experimental test are presented. The experimental results verify the effectiveness of the proposed control strategy.
Control of Leakage Resistance in Pb(Zr,Ti)O 3 Thin Films by Donor Doping (1994)

Donor doping, with La and Nb, has been used successfully to improve the leakage resistance of Pb(Zr,Ti)O 3 (PZT) films. Donor doping of Pb(Zr 0.5 Ti 0.5 )O 3 films has led to an improvement in the leakage resistance of over 2 1/2 orders of magnitude at elevated temperatures (T 100°C). The effect on leakage resistance is the same for the A‐site (La) and B‐site (Nb) dopants. However, the improvement is only about 1 order of magnitude near room temperature. This temperature effect is due to an increase in the transition temperature from a low activation energy mechanism to a higher activation energy mechanism. Similar improvements in leakage resistance have also been obtained by increasing the Pb concentration in the starting solution, which implies that Pb vacancies are the dominant acceptor species in the undoped films. In addition, donor doping has been effective in improving the electrical breakdown strength at elevated temperatures. Consequently, donor‐doped PZT films have been shown to be superior to undoped films for applications requiring high leakage resistance, such as decoupling capacitors.
MRI Examination of Trachea and Bronchi in the Ganges River Dolphin (Platanista gangetica). (1999)

The MRI examination was carried out in a formalin-fixed specimen of the Ganges River dolphin (Platanista gangetica), one of the evolutionary primitive species of cetaceans. We could morphologically elucidate the tracheobronchial ramification in the intact whole body. We demonstrated from the MRI sections that the characteristic tracheal bronchus branches from the trachea at the cranial portion. These findings suggest the phylogenetic relationships between cetaceans and artiodactyls. The left bronchus is obviously larger in diameter than the right one. We suggest that the right bronchus has smaller capacity of gas exchange than the left one, because the dolphin possesses the tracheal bronchus in the right lung. The MRI method will be important in the non-invasive study of the anatomy in endangered animal carcass as Ganges River dolphin.
Tertiary Pediatric Academic Institution’s Experience With Intraoperative Neuromonitoring for Nonspinal Surgery in Children With Mucopolysaccharidosis, Based on a Novel Evidence-Based Care Algorithm (2019)

Through this case series, we describe our experience with the use of IONM and a novel care algorithm for guiding the anesthetic management of MPS patients undergoing nonspinal surgery. We conclude that they can be useful tools for provision of safe anesthetic care in this high-risk cohort.
Kinetics and Mechanisms of the Reduction of Chromium(VI) by 2-Mercaptoethanesulfonic Acid in Aqueous Solution: Difference in the Mechanistic Process of Reduction with Noncarboxylate Thiols (2003)

The kinetics of the reaction of chromium(VI) with 2-mercaptoethanesulfonic acid (MESA) has been studied spectrophotometrically at wavelength, 435 nm, and ionic strength, I, of 0.50 mol dm -3 (NaClO 4 ) over the ranges: 16.0 &lt; θ &lt; 29.5 °C, 2.6 &lt; pH &lt; 7.1 (citric acid-phosphate buffer), [Cr(VI)] T = 2.0 χ 10 -4 mol dm -3 , 1.0 χ 10 -2 &lt; [MESA] T &lt; 4.0 χ 10 -2 mol dm -3 . The reaction occurs giving clear indication of the formation of an intermediate, which is assumed to be a typical Cr(VI)-thioester. The decay of the thioester then occurs via a series of electron transfer reactions to give Cr(III). The formation and decay rates of this intermediate have been investigated kinetically and a detailed mechanism for the overall reaction proposed. Experimental data were fitted to rate equations derived from this mechanism. The specific rate constants and corresponding activation parameters were also deduced. The results show that MESA without carboxylate groups, react differently when compared to other thiols having such groups present. This confirms the participating role of carboxylate groups in the formation of the Cr(VI)-thioester. The catalytic effect of added Zn 2+ was investigated and its overall role in the reaction of Cr(VI) with MESA was explained.
Full-Range Intracellular pH Sensing by an Aggregation-Induced Emission-Active Two-Channel Ratiometric Fluorogen (2013)

Intracellular pH (pHi) is an important parameter associated with cellular behaviors and pathological conditions. Sensing pHi and monitoring its changes in live cells are essential but challenging due to the lack of effective probes. We herein report a pH-sensitive fluorogen for pHi sensing and tracking. The dye is a tetraphenylethene-cyanine adduct (TPE-Cy). It is biocompatible and cell-permeable. Upon diffusing into cells, it responds sensitively to pHi in the entire physiological range, visualizing the acidic and basic compartments with intense red and blue emissions, respectively. The ratiometric signal of the red and blue channels can thus serve as an indicator for local proton concentration. The utility of TPE-Cy in pHi imaging and monitoring is demonstrated with the use of confocal microscopy, ratiometric analysis, and flow cytometry.
Islet‐expressed TLR2 and TLR4 sense injury and mediate early graft failure after transplantation (2010)

Although islet transplantation is an effective treatment for Type 1 diabetes, primary engraftment failure contributes to suboptimal outcomes. We tested the hypothesis that islet isolation and transplantation activate innate immunity through TLR expressed on islets. Murine islets constitutively express TLR2 and TLR4, and TLR activation with peptidoglycan or LPS upregulates islet production of cytokines and chemokines. Following transplantation into streptozotocin-induced diabetic, syngeneic mice, islets exposed to LPS or peptidoglycan had primary graft failure with intra- and peri-islet mononuclear cell inflammation. The use of knockout mice showed that recipient CD8(+) T cells caused engraftment failure and did so in the absence of islet-derived DC. To mimic physiological islet injury, islets were transplanted with exocrine debris. Transplantation of TLR2/4(-/-) islets reduced proinflammatory cytokine production and improved islet survival. Stressed islets released the alarmin high-mobility group box protein 1 (HMGB1) and recombinant HMGB1 (rHMGB1) induced NFkB activation. NFkB activation was prevented in the absence of both TLR2 and TLR4. rHMGB1 pretreatment also prevented primary engraftment through a TLR2/4-dependent pathway. Our results show that islet graft failure can be initiated by TLR2 and TLR4 signaling and suggest that HMGB1 is one likely early mediator. Subsequent downstream signaling results in intra-islet inflammation followed by T-cell-mediated graft destruction.