gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effects of protease inhibitors and substrates on motility of mammalian spermatozoa. (1986)

A series of protease inhibitors were tested on the motility of human, rat, bull, and rabbit demembranated reactivated spermatozoa. Some inhibitors, including aprotinin, boc-gln-leu-lys-H, and D-phe-pro-arg-H, could inhibit motility as well as prevent initiation of motility. In general, with the exception of aprotinin, protease inhibitors were more potent in preventing the initiation of movement than in blocking motility of demembranated spermatozoa. Protease substrates could also block sperm motility. Of the substrates tested only those with arg or lys ester bonds were active. The inhibition of motility by protease substrates was reversible, as once spermatozoa hydrolyzed the added exogenous protease substrates, motility reappeared. The importance of ester bond in the inhibitory action of protease substrates was confirmed by experiments that showed the lack of effect of pre-hydrolyzed protease substrates. The results suggest that a serine protease with lys and arg ester bond specificity is involved in the control of sperm motility. The fact that protease substrates also block motility of intact spermatozoa further emphasizes the physiological relevance of this new regulatory system.
Development of a 3D Conceptual Design Environment Using a Head Mounted Display Virtual Reality System (2020)

Engineering design is a resource intensive process with over half of a product’s total cost being attributed to design stage decisions. Developing product designs often involves creating complex 3D models in a 2D environment, a non-trivial task. This paper details a proof of concept VR environment displayed in a commodity HMD, specifically the HTC Vive. The environment allows a user to create full-scale, 3D, product geometry at the conceptual phase of the design process. The conceptual design environment contains a World-in-Miniature (WIM) model for enhanced usability. This method allows a user to efficiently manipulate full-scale geometry by adjusting the corresponding parts on a WIM model. Free-form mesh deformation was also implemented to provide designers with flexibility and efficiency not found in traditional design packages. Vital design metrics (e.g., cost, weight, and center of mass) were incorporated to allow a user to perform preliminary design analysis to assess product feasibility. Throughout the development process, the unique challenges and affordances associated with commodity HMDs were identified, explored, and discussed in this paper. Ultimately, the VR application discussed in this paper allows the user to easily create, assess, and view conceptual 3D designs without the constraints of traditional CAD software.
A physical unclonable function defined using power distribution system equivalent resistance variations (2009)

For hardware security applications, the availability of secret keys is a critical component for secure activation, IC authentication and for other important applications including encryption of communication channels and IP protection in FPGAs. The vulnerabilities of conventional keys derived from digital data can be mitigated if the keys are instead derived from the inherent statistical manufacturing variations of the IC. Robust silicon-derived keys are implemented using physically unclonable functions (PUFs). A PUF consists of a specialized hardware circuit and a mechanism to retrieve a set of responses under a variety of different challenges. In this paper, we propose a PUF that is based on the measured equivalent resistance variations in the power distribution system (PDS) of an IC. The effectiveness of the PUF is evaluated on twenty-four ICs fabricated in a 65 nm technology.
Practical data communications: modems, networks and protocols (1986)

Contents: Introduction Communications interfaces Modems Direct connection Analogue networks Digital networks Multiplexer networks Packet switched data networks Local area networks - introduction Local area networks - broadband Local area networks - baseband Data link protocols - introduction Data link protocols - half-duplex contention Data link protocols - half-duplex poll/select Data link protocols - full duplex Network configurations Appendices.
Identification and Characterization of a Cell Cycle and Apoptosis Regulatory Protein-1 as a Novel Mediator of Apoptosis Signaling by Retinoid CD437 (2003)

CD437, a novel retinoid, causes cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in a number of cancer cells including human breast carcinoma (HBC) by utilizing an undefined retinoic acid receptor/retinoid X receptor-independent mechanism. To delineate mediators of CD437 signaling, we utilized a random antisense-dependent functional knockout genetic approach. We identified a cDNA that encodes approximately 130-kDa HBC cell perinuclear protein (termed CARP-1). Treatments with CD437 or chemotherapeutic agent adriamycin, as well as serum deprivation of HBC cells, stimulate CARP-1 expression. Reduced levels of CARP-1 result in inhibition of apoptosis by CD437 or adriamycin, whereas increased expression of CARP-1 causes elevated levels of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p21WAF1/CIP1 and apoptosis. CARP-1 interacts with 14-3-3 protein as well as causes reduced expression of cell cycle regulatory genes including c-Myc and cyclin B1. Loss of c-Myc sensitizes cells to apoptosis by CARP-1, whereas expression of c-Myc or 14-3-3 inhibits CARP-1-dependent apoptosis. Thus, apoptosis induction by CARP-1 involves sequestration of 14-3-3 and CARP-1-mediated altered expression of multiple cell cycle regulatory genes. Identification of CARP-1 as a key mediator of signaling by CD437 or adriamycin allows for delineation of pathways that, in turn, may prove beneficial for design and targeting of novel antitumor agents.
How to use cuff suture instruments: the concept of “concave in and concave out” (2004)

Arthroscopic reconstructive surgery of the shoulder is extremely demanding. The advent of suture anchors and knot-tying instruments has greatly facilitated its development. Knowledge of the anatomy and surgical principles alone is not enough. Familiarity with specific instruments is also important. We describe our experience with the Elite Cuff Stitch Suture Relay (Smith & Nephew, London, U.K.). We describe a new concept on how to use this suture passer or similar instrument. We advocate this new concept of "concave in and concave out."
Safe as houses (1991)

The cost of crime will be the focal point of a new campaign to put hospital security high on the list of senior managers’ priorities. Derek Hand reports
Elastic constants and related properties of tetrahedrally bonded BN, AlN, GaN, and InN (1996)

The results of first-principles full-potential linear muffin-tin orbital calculations of the elastic constants and related structural and electronic properties of BN, AlN, GaN, and InN in both the zinc-blende and wurtzite structures are presented. The results include all of the equilibrium lattice constants, the bulk moduli, the TO-phonon frequencies at \ensuremath{\Gamma}, their mode Gr\"uneisen parameters, the full set of cubic elastic constants, and deformation potentials. The elastic constants for the wurtzite crystals are first obtained from those calculated for zinc blende by Martin's transformation method. The components related to strains along the c axis (${\mathit{C}}_{13}$ and ${\mathit{C}}_{33}$) are found to be less accurate than the others. An elaboration of Martin's approach utilizing first-principles calculation for distortions which maintains hexagonal symmetry but allows for a nonideal c/a ratio is implemented. As a byproduct of the relaxation calculations of the wurtzite internal parameter u we also obtain the ${\mathit{A}}_{1}$ and an estimate of the ${\mathit{E}}_{1}$ TO-phonon frequencies in the hexagonal materials. Good agreement is obtained with recent experimental results for the elastic constants of wurtzite AlN and GaN and zinc-blende BN as well as for the other properties mentioned above for all materials. Our results provide predictions for the remaining crystal structure materials combinations for which no direct experimental data are presently available. From these results and experimental LO-TO splittings, we determine the bond-stretching and bond-bending parameters \ensuremath{\alpha} and \ensuremath{\beta} of Keating's semiempirical valence-force-field model. We use this model to rationalize some of the observed trends in the behavior with the cation. The shift and splittings of the energy bands due to strains are used to obtain a complete set of deformation potentials for the zinc-blende crystals at symmetry points for several of the important eigenvalues. We also define deformation potentials for the valence-band maximum of the wurtzite structure and relate them to the corresponding [111] strain deformation and optical mode deformation potentials in zinc blende. \textcopyright{} 1996 The American Physical Society.
Measurement of Skin Dose and Percentage Depth Does in Build-up Region Using a Fiber-optic Dosimeter (2010)

본 연구에서는 고 에너지 광자선을 조사 할 때, 선량보강 영영에서의 피부 선량률을 측정을 위해 유기 섬광체와 플라스틱 광섬유를 사용한 광섬유 방사선량계를 제작하였다. 광섬유 방사선량계의 센서부에서 발생된 섬광빛은 30 m 길이의 광섬유를 통해 전달되어 광증배관과 전류계로 측정된다. 광섬유 방사선량계로 측정한 선량보강 영역에서의 피부 선량률은 이온 전리함 및 GAFCHROMIC EBT 필름의 측정 결과와 비교 및 분석 하였다. In this study, we have fabricated a fiber-optic dosimeter using an organic scintillator and a plastic optical fiber. The dosimeter measure skin dose and percentage depth dose in a build-up region for an incident high energy photon beam. The scintillating light generated in the organic sensor probe embedded in a solid water phantom is guided by 30 m plastic optical fiber to a light-measuring device such as a PMT or an electrometer. In addition, using a fiber-optic dosimeter or a GAFCHROMIC EBT film, skin dose and percentage depth dose in the build-up region are measured and compared.
Study of Residual charing in dielectric less capacitive MEMS switches (2008)

Dielectric charging is one of the most challenging issues in RF-MEMS capacitive switches. Dielectric less capacitive switch is shown with a measured on to off ratio of 9. The reliability of the switch has been studied and residual pull in voltage shift has been observed. For the first time, charging results are presented on this type of switch and validated up to one month. It is shwon that charging can be modeled using a simple Curie-Von Schweidler equation. This model has been validated, with good agreement between the coefficients determined after holding down the switch for about 10000 s, and further experimenal results up to one month in the down state.
Interleukin-12 and -10 and gamma interferon regulate polyclonal and ligand-specific expansion of murine B-1 cells (1996)

B-1 cells (CD5+ B220+) are a self-replenishing lineage of B cells which are autoreactive and capable of producing large amounts of interleukin-10 (IL-10). In mice experimentally infected with the human helminth parasite Schistosoma mansoni, expansion of B-1 cells is seen in the peritoneal cavity just prior to egg laying. In naive mice, B-1 cell expansion can be elicited by intraperitoneal injection of saline soluble egg antigens (SEA) or the polylactosamine sugar lacto-N-fucopentaose III (LNFPIII), which contains the Lewis-X trisaccharide. In this study, we demonstrate that LNFPIII is the major stimulus in SEA responsible for expansion of B-1 cells, since SEA-induced B-1 outgrowth is blocked by multiple injections of non-cross-linked free LNFPIII. IL-10 is an autocrine growth factor for B-1 cells, and we show that B-1 outgrowth after SEA and LNFPIII administration is inhibited by injection of anti-IL-10 antibodies. Furthermore, SEA- and LNFPIII-induced expansion of B-1 cells is inhibited by in vivo administration of recombinant murine IL-12 or recombinant gamma interferon. These data suggest that activation and expansion of IL-10-producing B-1 cells are governed via cross-regulatory cytokines.
A novel route towards formylated 1,3-dithiole-2-thiones via an unprecedented allylic 1,4-diol rearrangement (2001)

In the presence of perchloric acid, an unusual 1,4-aryl shift is observed for two electron-rich 4,5-bis[hydroxy(aryl)methyl]-1,3-dithiole-2-thiones; the X-ray crystal structure of compound 8 confirms the structural identity of the rearrangement product.
Towards a Neuro-Inspired No-Reference Instrumental Quality Measure for Text-to-Speech Systems (2018)

Subjective evaluation of synthesized speech is not an easy task as various quality dimensions can be affected, including naturalness, prosody, pronunciation, and continuity, to name a few. Evaluations typically rely on naive listeners, thus more closely representing the consumers of commercial products. As such, while the results of these costly and time consuming tests may provide text-to-speech (TTS) system developers with feedback on the perceived quality and acceptability of their devices, it provides little information on what the source of the problems are and what can be done about it. In this paper, we propose the use of neuroimaging to probe the unconscious cognitive processing of naive listeners as they listen to synthesized speech generated by different systems of varying quality. The obtained neural insights have allowed us to extract a small subset of very relevant features from the speech signals and to use these features to build a simple, no-reference instrumental quality metric specifically tailored to TTS speech. The metric is tested on an unseen dataset and shown to significantly outperform a benchmark algorithm.
In Vivo and In Vitro Evaluation of a Novel Hyaluronic Acid–Laminin Hydrogel as Luminal Filler and Carrier System for Genetically Engineered Schwann Cells in Critical Gap Length Tubular Peripheral Nerve Graft in Rats (2020)

In the current study we investigated the suitability of a novel hyaluronic acid-laminin hydrogel (HAL) as luminal filler and carrier system for co-transplanted cells within a composite chitosan-based nerve graft (CNG) in a rat critical nerve defect model. The HAL was meant to improve the performance of our artificial nerve guides by giving additional structural and molecular support to regrowing axons. We filled hollow CNGs or two-chambered nerve guides with an inserted longitudinal chitosan film (CNG[F]s), with cell-free HAL or cell-free HA or additionally suspended either naïve Schwann cells (SCs) or fibroblast growth factor 2-overexpressing Schwann cells (FGF2-SCs) within the gels. We subjected female Lewis rats to immediate 15 mm sciatic nerve gap reconstruction and comprehensively compared axonal and functional regeneration parameters with the gold standard autologous nerve graft (ANG) repair. Motor recovery was surveyed by means of electrodiagnostic measurements at 60, 90, and 120 days post-reconstruction. Upon explantation after 120 days, lower limb target muscles were harvested for calculation of muscle-weight ratios. Semi-thin cross-sections of nerve segments distal to the grafts were evaluated histomorphometrically. After 120 days of recovery, only ANG treatment led to full motor recovery. Surprisingly, regeneration outcomes revealed no regeneration-supportive effect of HAL alone and even an impairment of peripheral nerve regeneration when combined with SCs and FGF2-SCs. Furthermore, complementary in vitro studies, conducted to elucidate the reason for this unexpected negative result, revealed that SCs and FGF2-SCs suspended within the hydrogel relatively downregulated gene expression of regeneration-supporting neurotrophic factors. In conclusion, cell-free HAL in its current formulation did not qualify for optimizing regeneration outcome through CNG[F]s. In addition, we demonstrate that our HAL, when used as a carrier system for co-transplanted SCs, changed their gene expression profile and deteriorated the pro-regenerative milieu within the nerve guides.
Anomalous thermal diffusivity in underdoped YBa 2 Cu 3 O 6+x (2017)

The thermal diffusivity in the [Formula: see text] plane of underdoped YBCO crystals is measured by means of a local optical technique in the temperature range of 25-300 K. The phase delay between a point heat source and a set of detection points around it allows for high-resolution measurement of the thermal diffusivity and its in-plane anisotropy. Although the magnitude of the diffusivity may suggest that it originates from phonons, its anisotropy is comparable with reported values of the electrical resistivity anisotropy. Furthermore, the anisotropy drops sharply below the charge order transition, again similar to the electrical resistivity anisotropy. Both of these observations suggest that the thermal diffusivity has pronounced electronic as well as phononic character. At the same time, the small electrical and thermal conductivities at high temperatures imply that neither well-defined electron nor phonon quasiparticles are present in this material. We interpret our results through a strongly interacting incoherent electron-phonon "soup" picture characterized by a diffusion constant [Formula: see text], where [Formula: see text] is the soup velocity, and scattering of both electrons and phonons saturates a quantum thermal relaxation time [Formula: see text].
Effect of Argon Laser on Enamel Demineralization around Orthodontic Brackets: An In Vitro Study. (2014)

Argon laser irradiation for 10s before or during bracket bonding can increase caries resistance of intact and demineralized enamel.
Spectral full-field displays for spectrometers (2014)

The emergence of freeform surfaces in optical systems creates a need for new methodologies. We present a new analysis tool to facilitate spectrometer designs that leverage freeform surfaces.
Motion compensation for interventional navigation on 3D static roadmaps based on an affine model and gating (2004)

Current cardiac interventions are performed under 2D fluoroscopy, which comes along with well-known burdens to patients and physicians, such as x-ray exposure and the use of contrast agent. Furthermore, the navigation on complex structures such as the coronaries is complicated by the use of 2D images in which the catheter position is only visible while the contrast agent is introduced. In this work, a new method is presented, which circumvents these drawbacks and enables the cardiac interventional navigation on motion-compensated 3D static roadmaps. For this, the catheter position is continuously reconstructed within a previously acquired 3D roadmap of the coronaries. The motion compensation makes use of an affine motion model for compensating the respiratory motion and compensates the motion due to cardiac contraction by gating the catheter position. In this process, only those positions which have been acquired during the rest phase of the heart are used for the reconstruction. The method necessitates the measurement of the catheter position, which is done by using a magnetic tracking system. Nevertheless, other techniques, such as image-based catheter tracking, can be applied. This motion compensation has been tested on a dynamic heart phantom. The evaluation shows that the algorithm can reconstruct the catheter position on the 3D static roadmap precisely with a residual motion of 1.0 mm and less.
Extragalactic Radio Source Evolution and Unification: Clues to the Demographics of Blazars (2001)

In this paper we discuss the demographics of the radio blazar population: (i) what are their parent (‘unbeamed’) sources and (ii) what magnitude and/or type of evolution have they undergone ? The discussion is based on models of radio source evolution and beaming based on a ‘dual population’ unification paradigm. These models, developed from radio blazar properties in bright samples, predict blazar demographic trends at the lower flux-density levels; samples from deep mJy-level surveys (e.g. NVSS and FIRST) may now provide direct tests of these predictions. 1. Dual-population Unification All galaxies are radio galaxies in a sense. The scale of activity ranges from ‘normal’ galaxies (like our own) whose radio emission emanates from supernova remnants. At higher radio powers are the ‘starburst’ galaxies, greatly-enhanced stellar activity resulting in stronger radio emission. At similar radio powers are the Seyfert galaxies with their small-scale radio core-jet structures and with clear indication of AGN activity. At the top end of the scale are the powerful radio galaxies, together with BLLacs and quasars, the latter two being collectively termed blazars. Radio galaxies tend to have steep radio spectra and therefore dominate low radio-frequency (ν < 0.5 GHz) surveys. The structures are predominantly double-lobed; Fanaroff & Riley (1974) compared the distances between central maxima of the radio structures to overall size and discovered a dichotomy. Sources with regions of maximum brightness separated by more than 0.5 times the overall source size are edge-brightened (FRII), while when the regions of maximum brightness lies within this limit the source has diffuse outer lobes (FRI) (centrally concentrated); and the highest radio power objects are predominantly FRIIs whilst those of lower radio power are usually FRIs. The overlap between the classes at middling radio powers is seen in the local radio luminosity function (Figure 1), and the division is known to be a function of optical luminosity as well as radio (Owen and Ledlow 1993).
Adaptation of aluminium foam properties by means of precipitation hardening (2002)

Aluminium foam samples based on four aluminium alloys were investigated with respect to their reaction to beat treatments, namely precipitation hardening treatments. Foam samples were produced according to the powder compact foaming or Fraunhofer process. 6000 and 7000 series alloys containing significant amounts of copper (6061, 7075) were compared to members of the same group with lower copper content (6082, 7020) as matrix alloys. Comparison was based on strength values and failure modes as reflected in the stress-strain curves obtained in quasi-static compression tests. Measurements were performed on samples without heat treatment and samples subjected to different precipitation hardening treatments. To evaluate the influence of quench sensitivity, the quench rate was varied for the alloys 6082 and 7020 by using air and water as quenchants.
System analysis of component outage in electrical LNG plant with voltage source inverters (2014)

This paper presents a system analysis of the adjustable speed drive system (ASDS) employing a voltage source inverter (VSI) under fault conditions such as tripping of a gas turbine generator. Investigated system includes four 80 MW VSI-ASDSs, four 105 MW gas turbine generators and two 90 MW steam turbine generators, all connecting to the 132 kV common bus. Proposed VSI-ASDS converts AC power from the generators to DC by the diode rectifier then drives a compressor motor by the five-level gate commutated turn-off thyristors (GCT) inverter. The simulation results show that the frequency and the voltage at the 132 kV bus can be maintained when one of the gas turbine generators or compressors is tripped. Continuous operation of the ASDS during a short circuit fault at a transformer for a base load is also investigated.
Constant ON-time 3-level buck converter for low power applications (2015)

Car black boxes operate mostly in sleep mode, which requires high efficiency for light load. We propose two schemes to improve light load efficiency of the 3-level buck converter proposed by Reusch. The first scheme is to adopt constant ON-time control with DCM for light load. The second scheme is to shut down the gate drivers for the two bottom MOSFETs allowing Schottky diodes in parallel to conduct the inductor current, in the very light load condition. The proposed converter is prototyped using off-the-shelf components. The efficiency of the proposed 3-level buck converter ranges from 82% to 95% at 100 mW and 5 W, respectively.