gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Characterization of the Murine Mitochondrial Glycerol-3-phosphate Acyltransferase Promoter (1995)

Glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase (GPAT) catalyzes the acylation of sn-glycerol 3-phosphate to form 1-acyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate, a committed step in triacylglycerol and phospholipid biosynthesis. We have previously reported the cDNA cloning and transcriptional regulation of the murine mitochondrial GPAT (mGPAT). We now report the cloning of the 5'-flanking region of the murine mitochondrial GPAT. The transcription start site was identified by primer extension and RNase protection assays. A TATA box-like motif (TTATTAT) was located between -34 and -29 and a reverse CCAAT box (ATTGG) was located between -78 and -74, relative to the transcription start site. To begin studying mechanisms underlying transcriptional regulation of the mGPAT gene, chimeric luciferase (LUC) plasmids containing serial deletions, from -1447 to -38, of the 5'-flanking region of the murine mGPAT gene were prepared and transfected into 3T3-L1 cells. The fusion construct -1447 GPAT.LUC showed high promoter activity and deletions to -1353, -747, -322, and -86 did not markedly change the promoter activity. With all constructs, luciferase activity was 2-fold higher when plasmids were transfected into 3T3-L1 adipocytes. However, deletion of sequences between -86 and -55 resulted in a 9-fold decrease in LUC activity in both preadipocytes and adipocytes. Deletion of sequences between -55 and -38 did not alter promoter activity. DNase I footprint analysis revealed a protected region between -95 and -65 which included the putative CTF/NF1 binding site. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays demonstrated a single protein-DNA complex formation. Oligonucleotides synthesized according to the CTF/NF1 consensus sequence or the adenovirus NF-1 site showed a different and more complex pattern of protein-DNA interaction and were not able to compete away the mGPAT promoter-protein complex, indicating that a distinct protein was bound to -86/-55, a region important for the basal promoter activity in 3T3-L1 cells. Luciferase activity was increased 2.8- and 8-fold when adipocytes stably transfected with -322 GPAT.LUC were treated with 5 and 25 mM glucose, respectively, in the presence of 10 nM insulin. These results indicate that carbohydrate-responsive sequences are located within -322 base pairs of the mGPAT promoter.
Deployment of an SDN-based UAV network: Controller placement and tradeoff between control overhead and delay (2017)

This paper investigates the deployment of an SDN-based UAV network providing communication service. Such a network is extremely useful in emergency scenarios. In such a network, the mobility of UAVs is minimal. We consider the placement of the SDN controller and its implications in terms of communication overhead and end-to-end delay of the control packets exchanged between the UAVs and the controller. We also propose a scheme for reducing the overhead caused by the control packets, sent by each forwarding element (UAV) to the controller. We evaluate the performance of the proposed scheme using ns-2. Simulation results show that the controller should be placed in a central location to minimize the number of hops and hence reduce the delay experienced by control packets. Moreover, simulation results show that a tradeoff exists between control packet overhead and their end-to-end delay. Attempting to reduce the overhead causes the end-to-end delay to increase.
Origins of Vesicles in the Cells of Saccharomyces Cerevesiae (1977)

It is a general characteristic of the fungal organism that they contain many vesicles. These vesicles are frequently associated to growth zone of the cells; e.g., growing hyphal tip (1) or the region of bud formation (2). They also have been located at the region where degradation of intracellular material takes place (3). It appears that these are transport vesicles which carry enzymes, wall material or other constituents needed in a high concentration in specific location of a cell. In Saccharomyces cerevesiae those vesicles have been suggested (2) to have originated from endoplasmic reticulum (ER). It is implied in this suggestion that secretory products are transported from the site of synthesis (i.e., ER) by a mechanism comparable to that established in mammalian or higher plant cells (4). Although this appears to be highly probable, the results presented in this paper offers the following cytological evidence which contradicts this view.
Design of a freeform imaging spectrometer based on a solution-diversified automatic design method (2021)

A freeform imaging spectrometer design method is proposed. Only system specifications, including the slit length, numerical aperture, magnification, spectral range, and spectral resolution, are required as design inputs, and imaging spectrometer systems with various optical power distributions and structures are output. Using three-mirror imaging spectrometers as design examples, a series of initial solutions are obtained with a diffraction grating placed at the secondary mirror. In order to understand and explore the utilization of large number of output results, these initial solutions are visualized by mapping from high-dimensional solution space to three-dimensional space using the t-distributed symmetric neighbor embedding (t-SNE) dimensionality reduction algorithm; then a neural network is trained to fit the imaging qualities, showing good generalization performance, and can predict imaging quality for systems with unknown optical power distributions and structures.
Evaluating sea cucumbers as extractive species for benthic bioremediation in mussel farms (2023)

Filter-feeding mussels blend suspended particles into faeces and pseudo-faeces enhancing organic matter flows between the water column and the bottom, and strengthening benthic-pelagic coupling. Inside operating farms, high bivalve densities in relatively confined areas result in an elevated rate of organic sinking to the seabed, which may cause a localized impact in the immediate surrounding. Deposit-feeding sea cucumbers are potentially optimal candidates to bioremediate mussel organic waste, due to their ability to process organic-enriched sediments impacted by aquaculture waste. However, although the feasibility of this polyculture has been investigated for a few Indo-Pacific species, little is known about Atlanto-Mediterranean species. Hence, for the first time, in the present study, we conducted a comparative investigation on the suitability of different Mediterranean sea cucumber species, to be reared in Integrated Multitrophic Aquaculture (IMTA) with mussels. A pilot-scale experiment was accomplished operating within a mussel farm where two sea cucumbers species, Holothuria tubulosa and Holothuria polii, were caged beneath the long-line mussel farm of Mytilus galloprovincialis. After four months, H. tubulosa showed high survivorship (94%) and positive somatic growth (6.07%); conversely H. polii showed negative growth (- 25.37%), although 92% of specimens survived. Furthermore, sea cucumber growth was size-dependent. In fact, smaller individuals, independently from the species, grew significantly faster than larger ones. These results evidenced a clear difference in the suitability of the two sea cucumber species for IMTA with M. galloprovincialis, probably due to their different trophic ecology (feeding specialization on different microhabitats, i.e. different sediment layers). Specifically, H. tubulosa seems to be an optimal candidate as extractive species both for polycultures production and waste bioremediation in M. galloprovincialis operating farms.
A 2.5-V 14-bit /spl Sigma//spl Delta/ CMOS SOI capacitive accelerometer (2004)

This paper presents a 2.5-V 14-bit fully differential /spl Sigma//spl Delta/ interface circuit in 0.25-/spl mu/m CMOS technology for a high-resolution silicon-on-insulator capacitive accelerometer fabricated using a simple CMOS-compatible stictionless process. The integrated circuit is based on programmable front-end back-end first-order /spl Sigma//spl Delta/ architecture and provides a 1-bit pulse-width modulated digital output. Using correlated double sampling, the low-frequency noise is suppressed by 10 dB. Capacitive resolution is 22 aF at 75 Hz (resolution bandwidth = 1 Hz), equivalent to 110 /spl mu/g with a dynamic range of 85 dB (14-bit resolution) and a sensitivity of 500 mV/g. The chip occupies 2 mm/sup 2/ and consumes 6 mW.
ChemInform Abstract: An Isomuenchnone‐Based Method for the Synthesis of Highly Substituted 2(1H)‐Pyridones. (2000)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Abstract 9976: Human Atrial Fibrillation Initiates by Formation of a Dominant Spiral Wave at the Site Where Triggers Cause Dynamic Conduction Slowing (2012)

Introduction Triggers may initiate human atrial fibrillation (AF), but by unclear mechanisms. We hypothesized that triggers would dynamically slow atrial conduction velocity, to enable the formation of a single localized spiral wave or repetitive focal beat that may drive the atria into AF. Methods We studied 13 patients at clinically-indicated AF ablation (5 persistent, age 63±11 years, LA size 43±6mm) in whom we placed 64-pole basket catheters (Boston Scientific, Natick, MA) in both atria. AF was initiated by accelerating pacing initially from 120 beats/min to AF onset. We constructed isochronal maps of both atria for beats leading to and including the first cycles of AF. We computed conduction time to each bi-atrial electrode at each rate, thus defining rate-dependence (restitution) of conduction throughout the atria. Results AF initiated in the left atrium in 13/13 patients. Notably, atrial conduction slowed dynamically with rate at the site of AF onset in 8 patients, either gradually (Figure A) or abruptly. In all patients, spatial mapping showed that triggers initiated AF at a site of dynamic conduction slowing (76%±60%) by the formation of a single spiral wave (n=7; figure B) or repetitive focal beat (n=1). Notably, these regions were not the slowest to activate at baseline. Figure A shows dynamic conduction velocity slowing only at faster rates (Fig A, steep curve) at a site in the septal posterior LA, which enabled block (Figure B, site marked *) and formation of a spiral wave (Fig B, curved arrow) that initiates AF. Conclusions Triggers initiate human AF by causing dynamic conduction slowing, enabling the formation of a single reentrant spiral wave (or repetitive focal beat) that drives the atria into AF. Of note, these sites did not exhibit conduction slowing at baseline, showing the central dynamic role of the trigger in AF initiation. Future studies should modulate conduction slowing from a trigger to prevent AF initiation.
Structural basis of selectivity and neutralizing activity of a TGFα/epiregulin specific antibody (2016)

Recent studies have implicated a role of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) pathway in kidney disease. Skin toxicity associated with therapeutics which completely block the EGFR pathway precludes their use in chronic dosing. Therefore, we developed antibodies which specifically neutralize the EGFR ligands TGFα (transforming growth factor-alpha) and epiregulin but not EGF (epidermal growth factor), amphiregulin, betacellulin, HB-EGF (heparin-binding epidermal growth factor), or epigen. The epitope of one such neutralizing antibody, LY3016859, was characterized in detail to elucidate the structural basis for ligand specificity. Here we report a crystal structure of the LY3016859 Fab fragment in complex with soluble human TGFα. Our data demonstrate a conformational epitope located primarily within the C-terminal subdomain of the ligand. In addition, point mutagenesis experiments were used to highlight specific amino acids which are critical for both antigen binding and neutralization, most notably Ala<sup>41</sup> , Glu<sup>44</sup> , and His<sup>45</sup> . These results illustrate the structural basis for the ligand specificity/selectivity of LY3016859 and could also provide insight into further engineering to alter specificity and/or affinity of LY3016859.
Current progress in the characterization of atomic layer deposited AlF3for future astronomical ultraviolet mirror coatings (2015)

Reflective aluminum (Al) mirrors for astronomical telescopes are traditionally protected by a transmissive overcoat. The optical, mechanical and chemical properties of this overcoat material strongly affect the spectral reflective properties and durability of the mirror system. We are developing atomic layer deposited metal fluorides and assessing their applicability for future astronomical space missions in the ultraviolet and visible wavelengths. We are currently performing depositions on silicon wafers to serve as a basis for the metal-fluoride on Al depositions. In this paper we present reflectance, surface roughness, environmental storage and polarization sensitivity results of thin layers of AlF<sub>3</sub> on silicon. Atomic layer deposited coatings of AlF<sub>3</sub> grown at 100 and 200 &deg;C yield good optical characteristics deduced from reflectance measurements from 90 – 800 nm and spectroscopic ellipsometry measurements from 200 – 800 nm, which are consistent with calculations from optical constants derived by our group and from the literature. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) measurements demonstrate a 15% increase in surface roughness for a ~25 nm film with respect to a silicon reference. Temporary storage in a gN<sub>2</sub> box minimally affects the UV reflectance of ~30 nm of AlF<sub>3</sub> on Si. Overall, these coatings have proven to be versatile and optically stable in the early phases of development.
Relative Cytotoxicity of Escherichia coli O157:H7 Isolates from Beef Cattle and Humans (2009)

Differences and similarities between Escherichia coli O157:H7 isolates from beef cattle and those from sporadic human outbreaks are not fully elucidated. Here, we compared 44 O157:H7 isolates of bovine and human origins (22 isolates of each) to better understand their cytotoxic potential. The Shiga toxin genes stx1, stx2, or both were detected in the 44 isolates, and all elicited Vero cell cytotoxicity. The greatest cytotoxicity was caused by bovine isolates having only stx2 and which represented the majority of such isolates (81.8%). However, no correlation was found between the level of stx gene transcription and cytotoxicity. All human and bovine isolates possessed variant type stx2 and stx2c, respectively, as determined by PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism. Isolates harboring both stx1 and stx2 genes were much more frequent in human isolates (86.4%). The combination stx1-stx2c found in only four bovine isolates was less cytotoxic. It is clear that cytotoxicity alone cannot account for the apparent inability of O157:H7 bovine isolates to cause diseases in humans. We have found that stx1-stx2-containing or stx1-stx2c-containing isolates were less cytotoxic than several bovine isolates having only stx2c, suggesting that the stx gene combination or other virulence genes in specific genetic lineages may affect the disease outcome.
Making Bunyaviruses Talk: Interrogation Tactics to Identify Host Factors Required for Infection (2016)

The identification of host cellular genes that act as either proviral or antiviral factors has been aided by the development of an increasingly large number of high-throughput screening approaches. Here, we review recent advances in which these new technologies have been used to interrogate host genes for the ability to impact bunyavirus infection, both in terms of technical advances as well as a summary of biological insights gained from these studies.
Planar-Chiral Ionic Liquids. Cyclophane-Type Imidazolium Salts with a C(2)-C(4) Bridge (2005)

Novel chiral ionic liquids with planar chirality was synthesized, which were based on cyclophane-type imidazolium salts with a dodecamethylene bridge connecting the imidazolium C(2) and C(4) positions.Their potential utility as chiral solvents was demonstrated by 1 H NMR spectroscopy and DSC measurement.Recently we have reported a simple and reliable synthesis of chiral ionic liquids, cyclophane-type imidazolium salts with planar chirality. 3-5The planar-chiral imidazolium salts could be easily prepared
Tyrosine/Cysteine Cluster Sensitizing Human γD-Crystallin to Ultraviolet Radiation-Induced Photoaggregation in Vitro (2014)

It was demonstrated that during postnatal ontogenesis, the heterogeneity of endogenous inhibitors of DNA synthesis in albino rat liver does not change. Upon ageing, the sensitivity of liver cells to the inhibiting effect of chalone-containing extracts and the functional activity of the inhibitor are diminished.
Characterization of Adhesive-Bonded Sheet Metal Joints (2011)

The bonding strength of metal-metal single-lap joints with different adhesives applied on steels and aluminum alloys were studied. The bonding strength is found to be related to the type of adhesives and the backing metal, the surface roughness, the surface scratch orientations, the adhesive layer thickness, and the loading conditions (static vs. cyclic and loading rate). SEM observation of fractured surfaces reveals some common feature of bonding strength enhancement, fracture paths and the mechanisms of fracture. The direction of the adhesive joint design is suggested.
Electrically Tunable Integrated Thin‐Film Magnetoelectric Resonators (2017)

Magnetoelectrics have attracted much attention for their ability to control magnetic behavior electrically and electrical behavior magnetically. This feature provides numerous benefits to electronic systems and can potentially serve as the bridge needed to integrate magnetic devices into mainstream electronics. Here, this natural next step is pursued and thin‐film integrated magnetoelectric devices are produced for radio‐frequency (RF) electronics. The first fully integrated, thin‐film magnetoelectric modulators for tunable RF electronics are presented. These devices provide electric field control of magnetic permeability in order to change the phase velocity and resonance frequency of coplanar waveguides. Over the course of this study, the various thin‐film material phenomena, trade‐offs, and integration considerations for composite magnetoelectrics are analyzed and discussed. The fabricated devices achieve reversible tunability of the resonance frequency, characterized by a remarkable converse magnetoelectric coupling coefficient of up to 24 mG cm V −1 using just thin films. Based on this work, suggestions are given for additional optimizations of future designs that will maximize the thin‐film magnetoelectric interactions.
ABA-Dependent Salt Stress Tolerance Attenuates Botrytis Immunity in Arabidopsis (2020)

Plants have evolved adaptive measures to cope with abiotic and biotic challenges simultaneously. Combinatorial stress responses require environmental signal integration and response prioritization to balance stress adaptation and growth. We have investigated the impact of salt, an important environmental factor in arid regions, on the <i>Arabidopsis</i> innate immune response. Activation of a classical salt stress response resulted in increased susceptibility to infection with hemibiotrophic <i>Pseudomonas syringae</i> or necrotrophic <i>Alternaria brassicicola</i>, and <i>Botrytis cinerea</i>, respectively. Surprisingly, pattern-triggered immunity (PTI)-associated responses were largely unaffected upon salt pre-treatment. However, we further observed a strong increase in phytohormone levels. Particularly, abscisic acid (ABA) levels were already elevated before pathogen infection, and application of exogenous ABA substituted for salt-watering in increasing <i>Arabidopsis</i> susceptibility toward <i>B. cinerea</i> infection. We propose a regulatory role of ABA in attenuating <i>Botrytis</i> immunity in this plant under salt stress conditions.
16 Biomechanica van de pols (2017)

De pols, of carpus, is het geheel van beenderen en weke delen die de hand met de onderarm verbindt. Dit gewrichtscomplex heeft een aanzienlijke bewegingsuitslag waarmee de functie van hand en vingers wordt versterkt, terwijl het tegelijkertijd een grote mate van stabiliteit bezit.
Wind Turbines Modeling and Control (2008)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Wind Turbine System Modeling Dynamic Performance Simulation Power Control Conclusions Acknowledgement References
Amniotic fluid index measurements during pregnancy. (1987)

Amniotic fluid volume assessment has become an important part of antepartum fetal surveillance. The amniotic fluid index (AFI), or four-quadrant technique, has been suggested for this purpose. While previous reports have outlined this technique and correlated the results with pregnancy outcome, none have reviewed the changes in AFI throughout pregnancy. We studied AFI changes from 11 through 43 weeks' gestation. As part of the entry criteria, only patients with good dates were evaluated. The AFI was determined by the summation of the vertical diameter of the largest pocket in each of the four quadrants. All amniotic fluid studies were conducted using real-time linear array B-scan. During the study period, 197 patients with good dates confirmed clinically and sonographically underwent 262 AFI assessments. From 11 to 26 weeks the AFI rose progressively. Thereafter until term, the AFI remained approximately 16.2 +/- 5.3 cm. After 38 weeks the AFI appeared to gradually decline. Data obtained from this study population corroborate previously defined normal amniotic fluid volumes. These results also suggest that serial measurements of the AFI may be an effective means of assessing fetal status throughout pregnancy.
Roles of FGF signaling in stem cell self-renewal, senescence and aging (2011)

The aging process decreases tissue function and regenerative capacity, which has been associated with cellular senescence and a decline in adult or somatic stem cell numbers and self-renewal within multiple tissues. The potential therapeutic application of stem cells to reduce the burden of aging and stimulate tissue regeneration after trauma is very promising. Much research is currently ongoing to identify the factors and molecular mediators of stem cell self-renewal to reach these goals. Over the last two decades, fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) and their receptors (FGFRs) have stood up as major players in both embryonic development and tissue repair. Moreover, many studies point to somatic stem cells as major targets of FGF signaling in both tissue homeostasis and repair. FGFs appear to promote self-renewing proliferation and inhibit cellular senescence in nearly all tissues tested to date. Here we review the role of FGFs and FGFRs in stem cell self-renewal, cellular senescence, and aging.
A New Approach to Thermionic Energy Conversion: Space Charge Neutralization by an Auxiliary Discharge (1961)

The characteristics of an auxiliary discharge thermionic energy converter are derived and compared with experimental results. It is shown that the power expended in the auxiliary discharge can be as low as 10 per cent of the power generated by the converter. Thus, efficiencies of about 25 per cent and power output densities as high as 10 w/cm2 can be obtained at temperatures of about 1500°K provided that low work function anodes are developed. The specific advantages of the auxiliary discharge technique over the conventional cesium converters are discussed.