gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Tumor-secreted vascular permeability factor/vascular endothelial growth factor influences photosensitizer uptake. (1993)

The role of vascular permeability in the preferential accumulation of photosensitizers in tumor tissue was investigated. Two murine tumors [experimental mammary tumor carcinoma (EMT-6) and methylcholanthrene-induced rhabdomyosarcoma (M1S)] and a human bladder carcinoma (EJ) were grown s.c. on the flank in athymic nude mice and analyzed for in vivo vessel permeability, vascular permeability factor (VPF) secretion, and accumulation of the photosensitizer, chloroaluminum sulfonated phthalocyanine. In vivo tumor vessel permeability and vascular volume were quantitated by measuring Evans blue extravasation and accumulation of a high molecular weight fluoresceinated dextran, respectively. VPF was isolated from serum-free tumor cell conditioned medium using heparin-Sepharose affinity chromatography. Dot and Western blots stained with anti-VPF antiserum positively identified VPF in samples from each tumor. Chloroaluminum sulfonated phthalocyanine pharmacokinetics in tumor-bearing mice were measured using a fiber-based spectrofluorometer. In vivo vessel permeability was found to be greatest in M1S tumors, next in EMT-6 tumors and finally in EJ tumors. Consistent with in vivo data, M1S and EMT-6 tumor cells in culture secrete significantly more VPF than EJ tumor cells. Chloroaluminum sulfonated phthalocyanine accumulation was approximately 2 times greater in M1S and EMT-6 tumors compared to EJ tumors. Our data present evidence that photosensitizer accumulation can be correlated to in vivo tumor vessel permeability and VPF secretion of that tumor. Taken together, the data support the hypothesis that vascular permeability differences among tumors play a significant role in the uptake and retention of photodynamic agents.
Experimentally produced porphyria in animals (1955)

Abstract The chemical findings of Schmid &amp; Schwartz (1952) in experimental porphyria of rabbits induced by sedormid have been confirmed. Since sedormid is hypnotic, a group of related drugs has been tested to find one which might produce the chemical picture in animals without hypnosis. Such a drug is allyl- isopropyl-acetamide (A.I.A.). In this investigation, the constant chemical structure affecting porphyrin metabolism was found to be CH2=CH—CH2—CHR—CO—NH—. Some rabbits excrete large amounts of porphobilinogen and uroporphyrin when given either sedormid or A.I.A., others produce little. It is suggested that the cause of this difference is related to a variability of the individual rabbit liver to deal effectively with those drugs. Rabbits, intoxicated with either drug, became constipated, had poor appetite and lost weight. They did not become paralyzed, nor show any change in systolic blood pressure or in their haematological values. Two fowls, one also given a barbiturate, and nine rats wore intoxicated with allyl-isopropyl-acetamide. Although these animals excreted relatively high levels of porphobilinogen and porphyrins, they did not develop paralysis. The experimentally induced porphyria in animals is compared with hum an acute porphyria. The effects are described of reticulo-endothelial blockade, splenectomy and barbiturate administration on porphyria induced experimentally in rabbits. Experimental porphyria appears to be due to an overproduction of porphyrins, rather than to an under-utilization of porphyrin pigments. An atypical porphobilinogen reaction is described. It is present in the early stage of drug intoxication in rabbits and has also been noted in human acute porphyria at low levels of porphobilinogen excretion.
Segmentation of vestibular schwannoma from MRI, an open annotated dataset and baseline algorithm (2021)

Automatic segmentation of vestibular schwannomas (VS) from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) could significantly improve clinical workflow and assist patient management. We have previously developed a novel artificial intelligence framework based on a 2.5D convolutional neural network achieving excellent results equivalent to those achieved by an independent human annotator. Here, we provide the first publicly-available annotated imaging dataset of VS by releasing the data and annotations used in our prior work. This collection contains a labelled dataset of 484 MR images collected on 242 consecutive patients with a VS undergoing Gamma Knife Stereotactic Radiosurgery at a single institution. Data includes all segmentations and contours used in treatment planning and details of the administered dose. Implementation of our automated segmentation algorithm uses MONAI, a freely-available open-source framework for deep learning in healthcare imaging. These data will facilitate the development and validation of automated segmentation frameworks for VS and may also be used to develop other multi-modal algorithmic models.
How to send a real number using a single bit (and some shared\n randomness) (2020)

We consider the fundamental problem of communicating an estimate of a real\nnumber $x\\in[0,1]$ using a single bit. A sender that knows $x$ chooses a value\n$X\\in\\set{0,1}$ to transmit. In turn, a receiver estimates $x$ based on the\nvalue of $X$. We consider both the biased and unbiased estimation problems and\naim to minimize the cost. For the biased case, the cost is the worst-case (over\nthe choice of $x$) expected squared error, which coincides with the variance if\nthe algorithm is required to be unbiased.\n We first overview common biased and unbiased estimation approaches and prove\ntheir optimality when no shared randomness is allowed. We then show how a small\namount of shared randomness, which can be as low as a single bit, reduces the\ncost in both cases. Specifically, we derive lower bounds on the cost attainable\nby any algorithm with unrestricted use of shared randomness and propose\nnear-optimal solutions that use a small number of shared random bits. Finally,\nwe discuss open problems and future directions.\n
Integration of GaN HEMTs onto Silicon CMOS by micro Transfer Printing (2016)

Integration of GaN high voltage transistors into Silicon CMOS could combine superior electrical parameters of GaN HEMTs and the huge logic functionality of Silicon CMOS. Several issues of a monolithic integration of GaN devices into CMOS like material mismatch and thermal budgets can be overcome by heterogeneous integration by micro Transfer Printing. Results of first printing experiments with small GaN on Si HEMTs are presented.
Synthesis of 5-Fluoroaminobenzothiazoles (2020)

A series of 5-fluoro-2-(N-substituted)aminobenzothiazoles were synthesized by intramolecular cyclisation of the corresponding thioureas, which were prepared by treatment of 4-substituted 3-fluoroanilines with appropriate isothiocyanates.
Localized and Bandlike Valence-Electron States in FeS2and NiS2 (1974)

Photoemission energy distributions for $20&lt;~h\ensuremath{\nu}&lt;~50$eV for semiconducting Fe${\mathrm{S}}_{2}$ (fool's gold) show a narrow, \ensuremath{\sim}1 eV wide, localized uppermost valence level, whereas the corresponding levels of semiconducting Ni${\mathrm{S}}_{2}$ are broad (\ensuremath{\sim}3.5 eV) and bandlike. Self-consistent-field $X\ensuremath{\alpha}$ cluster calculations indicate that this level in Fe${\mathrm{S}}_{2}$ is the $3d$-like ${t}_{2g}$ state, while in Ni${\mathrm{S}}_{2}$ the uppermost level is the more bandlike ${e}_{g}$ state, with ${t}_{2g}$ states about 2 eV lower that overlap the broad S $3p$-derived valence bands.
Free-space evaluation of well-matched periodic structures (2014)

In early design stages of connected array radiators, passive evaluation using reflected illumination of test coupons without feed electronics provides a quick and inexpensive validation of design models. Inherent in the measurement setup are assumptions about array antenna behavior and acceptable approximations. Particular questions include the minimum number of unit cells necessary to adequately reproduce array characteristics and appropriate illumination functions. In this paper, those assumptions are examined and the implications for performing such measurements are discussed.
Optimizing the efficiency of therapeutic HIV vaccine trials: A case for CTN 173 (2012)

The introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) has enabled the dramatic reduction in viral replication and the partial restoration of host immune function, albeit at the expense of drug toxicity. Strategies to enhance HIV-specific immunity are required in order to limit ART exposure. Therapeutic vaccination is a promising new approach to enhance immunogenicity and anti-viral activity in people infected with HIV. Efficient clinical trial designs are required to optimize therapeutic HIV vaccination strategies. Herein, we describe unique design features and investigational procedures that were applied to a prime-boost therapeutic vaccine trial (CTN 173) to enhance HIV immunity. CTN 173 was a multicentre, randomized, 3-arm, double-blind placebo controlled trial to evaluate anti-viral activity of therapeutic vaccination with ALVAC ± Remune in chronically infected individuals on HAART. CTN 173 was developed with the specific aim to better characterize patient factors and immunologic parameters associated with vaccine response. This paper discusses the relevance of choice of primary endpoint and statistical approach used in this trial, in relation to vaccine response, patient safety and the identification of optimal target populations for future vaccine trials. Time to event surrogate endpoints of viral response and frequent immunologic monitoring allow for a better characterization of immunologic correlates of vaccine response. The clinical implications of delayed viral rebound associated with therapeutic vaccination with ALVAC + Remune are not yet known and will need to be evaluated on long-term follow-up. Randomized controlled trials such as CTN 173, with well-defined surrogate endpoints and frequent immunologic and virologic monitoring, are necessary to streamline the approach to effective vaccine discovery and to ensure patient safety.
The haloperoxidase of the agaric fungus Agrocybe aegerita hydroxylates toluene and naphthalene (2005)

The mushroom Agrocybe aegerita secretes a peroxidase (AaP) that catalyzes halogenations and hydroxylations. Phenol was brominated to 2- and 4-bromophenol (ratio 1:4) and chlorinated to a lesser extent to 2-chlorophenol. The purified enzyme was found to oxidize toluene via benzyl alcohol and benzaldehyde into benzoic acid. A second fraction of toluene was hydroxylated to give p-cresol as well as o-cresol and methyl-p-benzoquinone. The UV-Vis absorption spectrum of purified AaP showed high similarity to a resting state cytochrome P450 with the Soret band at 420 nm and additional maxima at 278, 358, 541 and 571 nm; the AaP CO-complex had a distinct absorption maximum at 445 nm that is characteristic for heme-thiolate proteins. AaP regioselectively hydroxylated naphthalene to 1-naphthol and traces of 2-naphthol (ratio 36:1). H2O2 was necessarily required for AaP function and hence the hydroxylations catalyzed by AaP can be designated as peroxygenation and the enzyme as an extracellular peroxygenase.
Analysis of BRAF and NRAS mutation status in advanced melanoma patients treated with anti-CTLA-4 antibodies: Association with overall survival? (2013)

9025 Background: Ipilimumab and tremelimumab are human monoclonal antibodies against cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4). Ipilimumab was the first agent to show a statistically significant benefit in overall survival with durable-long-term responses for advanced melanoma patients both in first-and second-line setting. Up to date, there is no proven association between the BRAF-V600E mutation and the disease control rate (DCR) in response to Ipilimumab. Moreover, significantly shorter survival rates have been reported in patients harboring an NRAS mutation than in those without. This retrospective analysis was carried out to assess if BRAF (V600) and NRAS mutation status affects the clinical outcome of Ipilimumab-treated melanoma patients. Methods: This is a retrospective multi-center analysisof 71 patients, with confirmed BRAF and NRAS mutation status, treated with anti-CTLA-4 antibodies from December 2006 until August 2012. The cut-off for the estimation of overall survival was end of November 2012. Results: The median overall survival of BRAFV600/NRAS mutant patients (n=44) was 1,41 years compared with 2.67 years in BRAF/NRAS wild-type patients (n=27). Although this difference was not statistically significant there was a trend for improved survival in wild-type patients. Of the 71 patients analyzed, 56 received chemotherapy prior to Ipilimumab. In the BRAF/NRAS mutant cohort, 12 patients received Ipilimumab following either a BRAF- or a MEK- inhibitor. Of those 12 patients, 8 progressed and were unable to complete Ipilimumab. Of the 4 patients who completed 4 cycles of Ipilimumab, 2 were subsequently treated with a BRAF inhibitor. Furthermore out of the 71 patients, 8 patients received a BRAF or a MEK inhibitor after progression; 5 of them are still alive. Conclusions: This is the first retrospective study to evaluate the association of both BRAF and NRAS mutational status with the overall survival of Ipilimumab-treated patients. There was a trend towards an improved survival in the BRAF/NRAS wild-type subpopulation. Additional patients will be examined to foster these preliminary results.
Microperc versus miniperc for the management of medium-sized renal stones: a comparative two-center clinical study (2020)

ObjectiveTo date, there is very little evidence directly comparing the outcomes between Mini-percutaneous nephrolithotomy and Micro-percutaneous nephrolithotomy. Because of this evidence gap, we wanted to compare miniperc and microperc with an ultimate purpose to determine which modality is preferred for different stone characteristics. Our hope is that these findings may help guide which technique is most suitable for a given renal stone burden.Patients and methodsThis is a retrospective collaborative multi-institutional study between Dortmund Teaching Hospital (Germany) and Modena University Hospital (Italy) in which we compared two matched groups of patients. The first group (32 patients) underwent miniperc for medium-sized renal stones in Dortmund, and the second group (19 patients) underwent microperc in Modena. Both groups were matched according to age, sex, BMI, and maximum stone diameter according to preoperative plain KUB films.ResultsThe primary stone-free rates in the miniperc and microperc groups were similar (93.8 vs. 84.2%, P = 0.262). Mean operative time for miniperc was significantly shorter than that of microperc (45.6 ± 18.9 vs. 68.7 ± 35.2 min, P = 0.004). The overall complication rate was 11.7%, with no significant difference between the two groups (12.5% for miniperc vs. 10.5% for microperc, P = 0.604). Mean hospital stay in miniperc was significantly longer than that of microperc (4.7 ± 1.6 vs. 3 ± 1.5 days,P < 0.001).ConclusionOur current data show that microperc is emerging as an effective and safe treatment option for intermediate-sized kidney stones, with outcomes comparable even to miniperc, which is already a well-established treatment with high safety profile in experienced hands.
D-fructose dehydrogenase of Gluconobacter industrius: purification, characterization, and application to enzymatic microdetermination of D-fructose (1981)

D-Fructose dehydrogenase was solubilized and purified from the membrane fraction of glycerol-grown Gluconobacter industrius IFO 3260 by a procedure involving solubilization of the enzyme with Triton X-100 and subsequent fractionation on diethylaminoethyl-cellulose and hydroxylapatite columns. The purified enzyme was tightly bound to a c-type cytochrome and another peptide existing as a dehydrogenase-cytochrome complex. The purified enzyme was deemed pure by analytical ultracentrifugation as well as by gel filtration on a Sephadex G-200 column. The molecular weight of the enzyme complex was determined to be about 140,000, and sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis showed the presence of three components having molecular weights of 67,000 (dehydrogenase), 50,800 (cytochrome c), and 19,700 (unknown function). Only D-fructose was readily oxidized by the enzyme in the presence of dyes such as ferricyanide, 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol, or phenazine methosulfate. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate, and oxygen did not function as electron acceptors. The optimum pH of D-fructose oxidation was 4.0. The enzyme was stable at pH 4.5 to 6.0 Stability of the purified enzyme was much enhanced by the presence of detergent in the enzyme solution. Removal of detergent from the enzyme solution facilitated the aggregation of the enzyme and caused its inactivation. An apparent Michaelis constant for D-fructose was observed to be 10(-2) M with the purified enzyme. D-Fructose dehydrogenase was shown to be a satisfactory reagent for microdetermination of D-fructose.
Synovial-fluid D-Lactic Acid in Bacterial and other Acute Joint Effusions (1994)

The use of D-lactic acid in differential diagnosis of bacterial arthritis was evaluated in a prospective study. The concentration of D-lactic acid was determined by the enzymatic UV-method in sixty-eight synovial fluids (SF) and in twenty four sera from adult patients with acute knee effusion. High concentrations of D-lactic acid (> 0.15 mmol/l) were measured most frequently in SF from bacterial arthritis, but also in individual culture-negative SF samples from patients with inflammatory culture-negative joint effusions with and without identified history of infections. Determination of SF D-lactic acid is not useful in differential diagnosis of bacterial arthritis.
Applications of Digital Watermarking Technology in Audio Signals (1999)

The features and performances of audio watermarking techniques currently being used are presented. In order to make a comparison, an adaptive content-based watermark embedding and extracting scheme in audio signals is proposed. The watermark embedding scheme is highly related to the signal contents. This method can obtain a good tradeoff between inaudibility and robustness in embedded signals. First the original audio signal is divided adaptively into different kinds of segments according to its characteristics in the time domain. Then the embedding scheme is designed for each segment according to the properties in the frequency domain. Finally a multiple-echo hopping technique is used to embed and extract watermarks. This method is compared with other current techniques of audio watermarking and results of the evaluation are presented.
<title>Integrating sphere measurements of tissue optical properties for accurate photodynamic therapy (PDT) dosimetry</title> (1995)

A set-up with an integrating sphere and a narrow-beam arrangement was used in order to derive the optical properties in vitro of 1 mm thick tissue slabs. The measured macroscopic quantities, the reflectance, and the total transmittance were correlated to the tissue optical properties by Monte Carlo simulations. Mie calculations were performed to be able to calibrate the set-up with a solution of latex spheres and ink. Finally, the optical properties of rat liver samples were measured, before and after photodynamic therapy, showing approximately a 40% increase of the absorption coefficient at 650 nm due to the treatment.
An investigation of elastic waves producing stone fracture in burst wave lithotripsy (2020)

Burst wave lithotripsy is a method to noninvasively fragment urinary stones by short pulses of focused ultrasound. In this study, physical mechanisms of stone fracture during burst wave lithotripsy were investigated. Photoelasticity imaging was used to visualize elastic wave propagation in model stones and compare results to numerical calculations. Epoxy and glass stone models were made into rectangular, cylindrical, or irregular geometries and exposed in a degassed water bath to focused ultrasound bursts at different frequencies. A high-speed camera was used to record images of the stone during exposure through a circular polariscope backlit by a monochromatic flash source. Imaging showed the development of periodic stresses in the stone body with a pattern dependent on frequency. These patterns were identified as guided wave modes in cylinders and plates, which formed standing waves upon reflection from the distal surfaces of the stone model, producing specific locations of stress concentration in the models. Measured phase velocities compared favorably to numerically calculated modes dependent on frequency and material. Artificial stones exposed to bursts produced cracks at positions anticipated by this mechanism. These results support guided wave generation and reflection as a mechanism of stone fracture in burst wave lithotripsy.
Parking Garage Channel Characteristics at 5 GHz for V2V Applications (2013)

We provide results for propagation path loss and root-mean-square delay spread within a parking garage, in the 5 GHz band, aimed at V2V applications. Results for both same-floor, and floor-to-floor propagation are shown for a typical urban parking garage structure. For line-of-sight (LOS) conditions, same-floor propagation path loss is well approximated by a 2-ray model. Same-floor non-LOS path loss shows path loss exponent n-3. Path loss for the floor-to-floor case can be well-modeled by accounting for floor attenuation factors and an additional loss that represents distance of the mobile toward the garage interior, away from the garage's open sides, i.e., a model that accounts for both vertical and horizontal distance. Mean delay spreads reach nearly 150 ns for the same-floor case, and reduce to ~50 ns for the longest (3-floor) distance floor-to-floor case. Since there have been few results for such environments previously published, our results should prove useful for V2V systems deployed in parking garages.
On-Demand Generation of Entangled Multiphoton States (2016)

We demonstrate gigahertz rate, deterministic generation of long strings of polarization-enetangled photons and photonic cluster states. We use repeated timed excitation of a semiconductor quantum dot-confined dark exciton, which entangles the sequentially emitted photons.
ChemInform Abstract: STUDIES ON THE ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF QUINOLONE CARBOXYLIC ACIDS. IX. AZA ANALOGS. DI‐ AND TRISUBSTITUTED 1,4‐DIHYDRO‐4‐OXO‐1,5‐NAPHTHYRIDINE‐3 CARBOXYLIC ACIDS AND 1‐ETHYL‐4‐PYRIDONE‐3 CARBOXYLIC ACIDS (1978)

Abstract Die aus den Komponenten (I) und (II) erhältlichen Diester (III) werden zu den Naphthyridinen (IV) kondensiert, deren Ethylierung bzw. nachfolgende Verseifung die Derivate (V) bzw. die Carbonsäuren (VI) liefert.
ChemInform Abstract: The Preparation of Heterocyclic Appended Vinylogous Iminium Salts and Their Application to the Regioselective Preparation of Biheterocyclic Systems. (1998)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.