gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Simulation modeling and optimization using ProModel technology (2002)

The ProModel Optimization Suite is a powerful yet easy-to-use simulation tool for modeling all types of manufacturing systems, ranging from small job shops and machining cells to large mass production, flexible manufacturing systems, and supply chain systems. ProModel is a Windows based application with an intuitive graphical interface and object-oriented modeling constructs that eliminate the need for programming. It combines the flexibility of a general-purpose simulation language with the convenience of a data-driven simulator. The ProModel Optimization Suite includes an optimization tool called SimRunner that performs sophisticated "what-if" analysis by running automatic factorial design of experiments on the model, providing the best answer possible. The paper provides an overview of the ProModel Optimization Suite and presents its modeling, analysis, and optimization capabilities.
Chemical influence of different pH-values on ductile mode processing through ultra-precision diamond turning (2016)

One request for the optical machining of hart and brittle materials such as glass or tungsten carbide is not to exceed the critical depth of cut characterized by the transition point from ductile to brittle material removal. Bifano et all. demonstrated the possibility to apply ductile cutting mechanism while machining hart and brittle materials by the use of ultra precision machines which enable highest precision in feed control and indentation depths. Based on the investigations a formula relating the material specific properties Youngs-Modulus E, material hardness H and fracture toughness KC was developed [1]. For this, the influence of the cutting conditions and the process environment were not taken into account. But previous investigations have shown a high influence of the cutting fluid while machining binderless nanocrystalline tungsten carbide through ultraprecision diamond turning [2]. Concluding, calculating the transitions point by using the formula shows insufficiently results and cannot be used for setting up a stable and efficient process. To adjust the formula and to allow a better prediction of the cutting process, further investigations are necessary. This paper focuses in particular on the influence of water with different pH-values (acidic, neutral and alkaline) on the transition point for some brittle materials, binderless tungsten carbide and two different kinds of glass. Basic ruling experiments with a steadily increasing depth of cut have been performed. Measurements by white light interferometry have been done to analyze the influence on the cutting performance of mono crystal diamonds. As a result, a deeper understanding of the chemical influence on the mechanical process of diamond machining is created.
Practical Approaches to 400G Single-Carrier Submarine Transmission (2016)

We review single-carrier 400 Gb/s transponder design and experiments. Requirements in terms of opto-electronic devices, modulation formats, error correction codes to push the transmission reach beyond transatlantic distances are described.
Adapted waveform analysis, wavelet packets, and local cosine libraries as a tool for image processing (1995)

Adapted wave form analysis, refers to a collection of FFT like adapted transform algorithms. Given an image these methods provide special matched collections of templates (orthonormal bases) enabling an efficient coding of the image. Perhaps the closest well known example of such coding method is provided by musical notation, where each segment of music is represented by a musical score made up of notes (templates) characterised by their duration, pitch, location and amplitude, our method corresponds to transcribing the music in as few notes as possible. The extension to images and video is straightforward we describe the image by collections of oscillatory patterns (paint brush strokes)of various sizes locations and amplitudes using a variety of orthogonal bases. These selected basis functions are chosen inside predefined libraries of oscillatory localized functions (trigonometric and wavelet-packets waveforms) so as to optimize the number of parameters needed to describe our object. These algorithms are of complexity N log N opening the door for a large range of applications in signal and image processing, such as compression, feature extraction denoising and enhancement. In particular we describe a class of special purpose compressions for fingerprint irnages, as well as denoising tools for texture and noise extraction. We start by relating traditional Fourier methods to wavelet, wavelet-packet based algorithms using a recent refinement of the windowed sine and cosine transforms. We will then derive an adapted local sine transform show it's relation to wavelet and wavelet-packet analysis and describe an analysis toolkit illustrating the merits of different adaptive and nonadaptive schemes.
Spread of an emerging Mycobacterium tuberculosis drug-resistant strain in the western Cape of South Africa. (2007)

Molecular markers allowed early identification of an emerging non-Beijing drug-resistant strain.
Optimising the Materials of a FUS Transducer Sized for Robotic Delivery (2021)

A virtual prototype focussed ultrasound surgery (FUS) transducer has been developed with finite element analysis (FEA) (OnScale, Redwood City, CA, USA) comprising a single piezocermic element and an acoustic Fresnel lens. The piezoceramic is supported by microbaloon filled epoxy to approximate an air backing. The transducer housing and Fresnel lens materials are photopolymer resins of the type used in mask stereolithography (mSLA) printers. The design is optimised in FEA for the materials used in the Fresnel lens and the active piezoceramic layer. Six piezoceramic materials produced by Meggitt A/S (Kvistgaard, Denmark) were characterised in FEA and the acoustic properties of the photopolymer resins were measured using a standard pulse-echo approach to find their sound speed and frequency-dependent attenuation. The piezoceramic materials characterised spanned four major types: soft (PZ29); hard (PZT4); a specialised composition for high intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) (PZ54); and low acoustic impedance, porous (PZ36HD). Acoustic impedance matching between the active material and the lens allowed the porous piezoceramic with lower piezoelectric and coupling coefficients to reach a higher intensity, spatial peak temporal average, (I <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">SPTA</inf> ) at the focus (3.6 kWcm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">−2</sup> ) than the hard PZT (2.46 kWcm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">−2</sup> ). The focal intensity improved when HIFU and soft PZT were used, producing 5.69 kWcm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">−2</sup> and 6.35 kWcm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">−2</sup> respectively.
Efficient Thermal Management of Data Centers—Immediate and Long-Term Research Needs (2003)

Abstract Power dissipation within computer rooms or data centers has been steadily increasing over the past decade. With the spread of CMOS technology into microprocessors and memory in the 1980s and 1990s, water-cooled mainframe systems were largely supplanted by lower power air-cooled systems. These systems were typically stacked into 2-m-high racks for efficient use of expensive data center floor space. Data center environmental cooling infrastructures correspondingly evolved into designs that recirculate hot exhaust air from the computer systems into air-conditioning units. The air-conditioning units remove the heat and return the cool air back into the room in a closed-loop fashion. These air-cooled infrastructures are largely open, nonducted environments where hot and cold airstreams are free to mix. The evolution of microprocessor fabrication technology has enabled the construction of high-power processors. The push by business, academia, and consumers for greater processing speed has motivated the design of computer systems that enable the greatest number of processors, and, thus, the greatest processing power, per rack volume. This increase in microprocessor density places a great deal of strain on current computer room environmental control technology. Furthermore, the rate of increase in power density in the data center is outpacing that of HVAC technology improvements. Because of this, computer manufacturers are faced with the choice of either limiting system performance in favor of reduced power consumption or of providing customers with higher performance products that are impractical to deploy. In this paper, we will highlight some of the primary challenges with cooling high-power density data centers. We will demonstrate that existing environmental infrastructures have inherent inefficiencies that can be very costly, and we will explore alternatives. Additionally, the use of numerical modeling to diagnose problems with data center design and layout will be demonstrated, and limitations to its effective use will be discussed. Finally, the high-power densities involved have increased the need for a theoretical treatment of data center thermophysics. We will discuss this need in detail and will suggest ways in which it might be addressed. Throughout the paper, focus will be placed on future directions with the hope of instilling enthusiasm for further research and development by academia and industry in this particular area of HVAC&R that will soon reach a critical point in its continuing evolution.
Clinical and genetic findings in children with central nervous system arteriovenous fistulas (2017)

These results highlight the importance of genetic testing in this setting in view of the high frequency of gene mutations in pediatric cerebrospinal AVFs, and show the predominance of RASA1 over HHT mutations. Ann Neurol 2017;82:972-980.
PHIL Study and Stability Analysis of Variable Speed Diesel Generator With Supercapacitor (2021)

This paper presents the power hardware-in-the-loop (PHIL) study of a variable speed diesel generator with supercapacitors and renewable energy sources. The proposed configuration is suitable to test different control strategies for variable speed diesel generators. It can also be used to study different hybrid AC/DC microgrid configurations that include the variable speed diesel generator. The variable speed diesel generator is more efficient than constant speed diesel generator in terms of fuel consumption. The supercapacitor and its control are used in the study to enhance the dynamic performance of the DC grid. The overall control method and its stability analysis are presented in this paper. The proposed control method and configuration are validated by PHIL experiment.
Buffer layers and transparent conducting oxides for chalcopyrite Cu(In,Ga)(S,Se)2based thin film photovoltaics: present status and current developments (2010)

Abstract The aim of the present contribution is to give a review on the recent work concerning Cd‐free buffer and window layers in chalcopyrite solar cells using various deposition techniques as well as on their adaptation to chalcopyrite‐type absorbers such as Cu(In,Ga)Se 2 , CuInS 2 , or Cu(In,Ga)(S,Se) 2 . The corresponding solar‐cell performances, the expected technological problems, and current attempts for their commercialization will be discussed. The most important deposition techniques developed in this paper are chemical bath deposition, atomic layer deposition, ILGAR deposition, evaporation, and spray deposition. These deposition methods were employed essentially for buffers based on the following three materials: In 2 S 3 , ZnS, Zn 1 − x Mg x O. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.
Targeting FGFR3 in t(4;14) Mutiple Myeloma: Pre-Clinical Studies of PRO-001, a Novel Anti-FGFR3 Neutralizing Antibody. (2004)

Abstract As with other B-cell malignancies, chromosomal translocations to the immunoglobulin heavy-chain (IgH) locus on chromosome 14q32 are believed to be a hallmark of multiple myeloma (MM), occurring in approximately 50% of patients. Identification of these chromosomal translocations has resulted in the discovery of powerful prognostic tools and novel molecular targets that promise to revolutionize the treatment of this malignancy. Five recurrent translocation partners have been defined, resulting in the dysregulation of the genes encoding cyclin D1 and D3, c-maf, mafB and Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor 3 (FGFR3) together with MMSET. Genetic analysis of 14q32 translocations in MM has identified distinct groups of patients with separate clinical outcomes supporting a biological correlation of these genes in MM. In particular, the t(4;14) translocation portends a particularly bad prognosis. The association of FGFR3 expression with t(4;14) myeloma and the demonstration of the transforming potential of this receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK), make this a particularly attractive target for drug development for this poor prognosis group. We report here the development of a novel and highly specific anti-FGFR3 neutralizing antibody (PRO-001) isolated from a phage display human combinatorial antibody library. PRO-001 binds with high affinity (Kd=1.3 nM) to FGFR3 in in vitro binding assays and blocks ligand-dependent and independent FGFR3 phosphorylation and signal transduction in cell-based assays. Furthermore, PRO-001 potently inhibits FGFR3-dependent solid tumor growth in mouse xenograft models. We found that PRO-001 bound to, and competed with FGF binding to the surface of FGFR3 on human myeloma cell lines. PRO-001 inhibited FGF-induced phosphorylation of wild-type FGFR3 and downstream ERK phosphorylation in stable B9 cell transfectants (B9-WT) and FGFR3 expressing human myeloma cell lines. The antibody inhibited FGF-mediated growth of B9-WT with an IC50 of 3 μg/ml as determined by MTT proliferation assay. Growth of these cells could be rescued by IL-6 demonstrating selectivity of PRO-001 for FGFR3. PRO-001 inhibited the viability of the FGFR3 expressing, human myeloma cell line, UTMC2. Inhibition of viability was still observed when cells were co-cultured with stroma or in the presence of IL-6, a potent growth factor for MM cells. Several myeloma cell lines lacking FGFR3, showed minimal growth inhibition demonstrating selectivity and lack of non-specific toxic at effective dose concentrations. Finally, PRO-001 bound to FGFR3 on the cell surface, inhibited ERK phosphorylation, and induced cytotoxic responses in primary MM samples derived from t(4;14) positive patients. A xenograft mouse model has been established and studies assessing in vivo activity of PRO-001 are planned and will be reported. Taken together, the data demonstrate that PRO-001 is a specific and potent inhibitor of FGFR3 and that it deserves further study for targeted therapy in MM.
Decontamination and decommissioning the Tokamak Fusion Test Reactor (1994)

The Tokamak Fusion Test Reactor (TFTR) is scheduled to complete its end-of-life deuterium-tritium (D-T) experiments in September 1994. The D-T operation will result in the TFTR machine structure becoming activated, and plasma facing and vacuum components will be contaminated with tritium. The resulting machine activation levels after a two year cooldown period will allow hands on dismantling for external structures, but require remote dismantling for the vacuum vessel. The primary objective of the Decontamination and Decommissioning (D&D) Project is to provide a facility for construction of a new Department of Energy (DOE) experimental fusion reactor by March 1998. The project schedule calls for a two year shutdown period when tritium decontamination of the vacuum vessel, neutral beam injectors and other components will occur. Shutdown will be followed by an 18 month period of D&D operations. The technical objectives of the project are to: safely dismantle and remove components from the test cell complex; package disassembled components in accordance with applicable regulations; ship packages to a DOE approved disposal or material recycling site; and develop expertise using remote disassembly techniques on a large scale fusion facility. This paper discusses the D&D objectives, the facility to be decommissioned, and the technical plan that will be implemented.
Two steps of insulin receptor internalization depend on different domains of the beta-subunit [published erratum appears in J Cell Biol 1993 Nov;123(4):1047] (1993)

The internalization of signaling receptors such as the insulin receptor is a complex, multi-step process. The aim of the present work was to determine the various steps in internalization of the insulin receptor and to establish which receptor domains are implicated in each of these by the use of receptors possessing in vitro mutations. We find that kinase activation and autophosphorylation of all three regulatory tyrosines 1146, 1150, and 1151, but not tyrosines 1316 and 1322 in the COOH-terminal domain, are required for the ligand-specific stage of the internalization process; i.e., the surface redistribution of the receptor from microvilli where initial binding occurs to the nonvillous domain of the cell. Early intracellular steps in insulin signal transduction involving the activation of phosphatidylinositol 3'-kinase are not required for this redistribution. The second step of internalization consists in the anchoring of the receptors in clathrin-coated pits. In contrast to the first ligand specific step, this step is common to many receptors including those for transport proteins and occurs in the absence of kinase activation and receptor autophosphorylation, but requires a juxta-membrane cytoplasmic segment of the beta-subunit of the receptor including a NPXY sequence. Thus, there are two independent mechanisms controlling insulin receptor internalization which depend on different domains of the beta-subunit.
Exploring Dynamical Assessments of Affect, Behavior, and Cognition and Math State Test Achievement. (2015)

There is increasing evidence that fine-grained aspects of student performance and interaction within educational software are predictive of long-term learning. Machine learning models have been used to provide assessments of affect, behavior, and cognition based on analyses of system log data, estimating the probability of a student’s particular affective state, behavior, and knowledge (cognition). These measures have (in aggregate) successfully predicted outcomes such as performance on standardized exams. In this paper, we employ a different approach of relating interaction patterns to learning outcomes, using dynamical methods that assess patterns of fine-grained measures of affect, behavior, and knowledge as they occur across time. We use Hurst exponents and Entropy scores computed from assessments of affect, behavior, performance, and knowledge acquired from 1,376 middle school students who used a math tutoring system (ASSISTments), and analyze the relations of these dynamical measures to the students’ end-of-year state test (MCAS) performance. Our results show that fine-grained changes in affect, behavior, and knowledge are significantly related to and predictive of their eventual MCAS performance, providing a new lens on the dynamic and nuanced nature of student interaction within online learning platforms and how it affects achievement.
Transport of orally administered 9,10-dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene in the Sprague-Dawley rat. (1973)

Chylomicrons were separated from lymph collected from thoracic duct-cannulated rats receiving 20 mg 9,10-dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene (DMBA) and 25 µCi DMBA-9-14C intragastrically. In order to ascertain the moiety of the chylomicron with which DMBA is associated, the chylomicrons were disrupted by freeze-thawing and subjected to chromatography and autoradiography. These procedures showed that the lipophilic DMBA molecule remains dissolved in the lipid fraction of the chylomicron. In another study, animals were divided into three groups and each rat was given hourly i.v. injections of either 0.9% NaCl solution, 1.0 mg protamine sulfate, or 25 USP units of heparin in a volume of 0.25 ml. Injections were begun 1 hr prior to and continued for 5 hr following the administration of 20 mg DMBA and 25 µCi DMBA-9-14C. DMBA uptake by mammary parenchymal cells of rats receiving either protamine or heparin was similar. However, in both groups, the parenchymal cell uptake of DMBA was significantly less than that of rats given injections of 0.9% NaCl solution. Although heparin was effective in promoting chylomicron lysis, it is apparent that this compound has an additional action. This effect of heparin upon DMBA uptake by mammary gland parenchymal cells may be occurring at the membrane of either the arterial endothelial cell and/or mammary parenchymal cell. These data do indicate that the majority of the DMBA taken up by the mammary gland parenchymal cells is mediated through transport in chylomicrons.
Microstrip rectangular resonators on ferrimagnetic substrates (1980)

The resonant frequency, bandwidth, efficiency and resonant length of a rectangular microstrip resonator on a ferrimagnetic substrate are derived theoretically and are computed for a typical ferrite substrate. The computed values are compared with those of a similar microstrip antenna on a dielectric substrate.
Salt stress manifestation on plants, mechanism of salt tolerance and potassium role in alleviating it: a review (2016)

Salinity is an agro-environmental problem limiting plant growth and development in the arid to semi-arid regions of the world and becomes the predicament of serious concern. Plants exposed to salt stress may undergo osmotic stress, ion toxicity and nutritional imbalance which results in production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The ability of plants to detoxify radicals under conditions of salt stress is probably the most critical requirement and is determined by multifarious morpho-physiological and biochemical pathways like initial entry of salt to roots, intercellular compartmentation, synthesis of osmoprotectants (sugars, amino acids, proline and upgradation of antioxidant system) that results in maintaining ion homeostasis. This paper also revealed the plant responses to salinity stress with emphasis on physiological and biochemical mechanisms of salt tolerance which may help in interdisciplinary studies to assess the ecological consequence of salt stress. Moreover, the application of potassium helps the plants to cope with the hazardous effects of salinity by improving the morphological, physiological and biochemical attributes.
Al-2.75 Molecular Glass (2021)

As increasingly smaller molecular materials and material structures are devised or developed for technological applications, the demands on the processes of lithography now routinely include feature sizes that are of the order of 10 nm. In reaching such a fine level of resolution, the methods of lithography have increased markedly in sophistication and brought into play 2terminology that is unfamiliar, on the one hand, to scientists tasked with the development of new lithographic materials or, on the other, to the engineers who design and operate the complex equipment that is required in modern-day processing. Publications produced by scientists need to be understood by engineers and vice versa, and these commonly arise from collaborative research that draws heavily on the terminology of two or more of the traditional disciplines. It is developments in polymer science and material science that lead progress in areas that cross traditional boundaries, such as microlithography. This document provides the exact definitions of a selection of unfamiliar terms that researchers and practitioners from different disciplines might encounter.