gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
(199) Effect of Harvest Maturity on Quality of Pear Salad (2006)

Pear texture is similar to that of apple—firm and crispy—and is one of the potential alternatives to apple. However, at a crispy stage the taste is flat. Improving the taste of pears is considered the key to the success of pear salad. This study evaluated the effect of harvest maturity on the quality of pear salad. Fruit were harvested at commercial maturity or 1 month delayed. After 2 and 5 months (1 and 4 months for delayed harvested fruit) of storage at –1 °C, fruit were sliced (eight to 10 wedges per fruit), treated with an anti-browning dip, packaged in zip-lock bags (10 pieces per bag), and stored at 1 °C for up to 21 days. Delayed harvested fruit were larger in size (≈12.5% increase in weight), had lower flesh firmness (≈5 N decrease), lower titratable acidity content (≈20% decrease), and a lower phenolic content (≈45% decrease in pulp). There was no significant difference in soluble solids content. After 2 months of storage, ethylene production and respiration rate were initially lower in delayed harvested fruit in either the intact fruit or cut slices, but tended to similar after 7 days in storage. Sensory evaluation results show that about 80% of the panel preferred delayed-harvested fruit over commercial harvest, especially in terms of visual quality (71% to 92%), sweetness (75% to 93%), taste (69% to 92%), texture of skin (61% to 92%), texture of flesh (53% to 92%), and overall quality (73% to 92%) during 21 days of storage at 1 °C. After 5 months of storage, cutting surface was dry-looking in delayed harvested fruit. However, sensory evaluation showed panels still preferred the delayed-harvested fruit. The results indicate that salad quality of pears can be improved by delaying harvest.
Flexible silicone adhesive with high electrical conductivity (2003)

Technology that couples high electrical conductivity with silicone performance characteristics suitable for electrical interconnection of substrates having a mismatch of thermal coefficients of expansion (TCE) is discussed. The silver filled silicone compositions are processed and cured in a similar manner to conventional heat-cured silicone adhesives. The resulting products are both highly flexible and highly conductive, exhibiting volume resistivities down to 2*10/sup -4/ ohm-cm. Both flexibility and electrical conductivity are retained after extended exposure to elevated temperature. Low-temperature characterization indicates that the materials remain soft and stress-relieving down to -60 degrees C. This combination of properties suggests that these silicone adhesives should be attractive for electrical interconnection of microelectronic substrates whose TCE mismatch would normally lead to failure due to thermomechanical stress.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Development of Regression Model for Spinning force Using Parabolic Mandrel (2018)

Metal forming involves deforming of metal physically into various derived shapes and sizes under the effect of externally applied forces. Flow forming is an advanced, near net shape, chip less metal forming process, which employs an increment rotary point deformation technique for manufacturing seamless, dimensionally precise tubular and other rotationally symmetrical products. Spinning is an advanced continuous and local metal forming process, which is widely used in many fields due to its advantages of flexibility, high quality and low cost. It is frequently used for manufacturing axisymmetric shapes where press tooling might not be justified on grounds of size and production volumes. It also has the possibility of producing parts that could not be deep drawn. Initial workpiece shape is either a flat blank or a preformed hollow component. It is characteristic of this process that the deformation does not occur in an annular zone around the axis of rotation but that the tools act upon a much localized area in which plastic flow takes place. During spinning tools are moved relative to the rotating workpiece. In this paper, a Regression model showing the relation among input process parameters, Mandrel speed (rpm), Roller type and Thickness of sheet (mm) and output response spinning force is developed using full factorial design of experiments conducted on Aluminum 2024-T3 sheets with parabolic mandrel. Contribution of each factor on output is determined by Analysis of Variance (ANOVA).
Compressibility of a zinc single crystal under confining pressure (1991)

Abstract In the present study, the two compressibility moduli of a zinc single crystal were measured at room temperature up to 18 GPa. The results are compared with those obtained by Bridgman from a different experimental method. This study required a gaseous hydrostatic confining pressure, and then it has been necessary to develop an original diamond anvil cell with a large optical aperture allowing the use of sophisticated video imaging and image analysis techniques. A model is proposed for the zinc volume-pressure relation.
ANALYSIS OF APERTURE ANTENNA ATTACHED TO CUTOFF CAVITY FOR ICRF PLASMA HEATING. (1985)

Basic characteristics of an aperture antenna attached to a cutoff cavity for ICRF plasma heating are investigated. The analysis is performed for antennas radiating into semi-infinite free space rather than a magnetoplasma. Good agreement between theory and experiment is observed, indicating the validity of the analysis.
The clinical effect of herbal magnetic corsets on lumbar disc herniation (2006)

Herbal magnetic corsets can facilitate the reduction of pain caused by lumbar disc herniation and can improve lumbar function. This is a safe and effective non-operative therapeutic option for treatment of lumbar disc herniation.
Exploiting Flow Dynamics for Superresolution in Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound (2019)

Ultrasound (US) localization microscopy offers new radiation-free diagnostic tools for vascular imaging deep within the tissue. Sequential localization of echoes returned from inert microbubbles (MBs) with low concentration within the bloodstream reveals the vasculature with capillary resolution. Despite its high spatial resolution, low MB concentrations dictate the acquisition of tens of thousands of images, over the course of several seconds to tens of seconds, to produce a single superresolved image. Such long acquisition times and stringent constraints on MB concentration are undesirable in many clinical scenarios. To address these restrictions, sparsity-based approaches have recently been developed. These methods reduce the total acquisition time dramatically, while maintaining good spatial resolution in settings with considerable MB overlap. Here, we further improve the spatial resolution and visual vascular reconstruction quality of sparsity-based superresolution US imaging from low-frame rate acquisitions, by exploiting the inherent flow of MBs and utilize their motion kinematics. We also provide quantitative measurements of MB velocities and show that our approach achieves higher MB recall rate than the state-of-the-art techniques, while increasing contrast agents concentration. Our method relies on simultaneous tracking and sparsity-based detection of individual MBs in a frame-by-frame manner, and as such, may be suitable for real-time implementation. The effectiveness of the proposed approach is demonstrated on both simulations and an in vivo contrast-enhanced human prostate scan, acquired with a clinically approved scanner operating at a 10-Hz frame rate.
Preparation and physical properties of a homologous series of polyformal urethanes (1962)

Abstract α‐ω glycols containing two through ten carbon atoms were reacted with paraformaldehyde. Stable polymers were prepared for the glycols having five or more carbon atoms. The polymers have low molecular weights and are bifunctional with respect to hydroxyl. The polyformals were reacted with tolylene diisocyanate and converted into crosslinked urethane elastomers. Physical properties of the elastomers indicated no significant differences among those prepared from polyformals containing a varying number of methylene groups in the starting glycol.
Temporal difference learning and TD-Gammon (1995)

Ever since the days of Shannon's proposal for a chess-playing algorithm [12] and Samuel's checkers-learning program [10] the domain of complex board games such as Go, chess, checkers, Othello, and backgammon has been widely regarded as an ideal testing ground for exploring a variety of concepts and approaches in artificial intelligence and machine learning. Such board games offer the challenge of tremendous complexity and sophistication required to play at expert level. At the same time, the problem inputs and performance measures are clear-cut and well defined, and the game environment is readily automated in that it is easy to simulate the board, the rules of legal play, and the rules regarding when the game is over and determining the outcome.
Non-lead environmentally safe projectiles and explosive container (2023)

A solid object having controlled frangibility, such as a bullet or a container for explosives, is made by combining two different metals in proportions calculated to achieve a desired density, without using lead. A wetting material is deposited on the base constituent which is made of a relative dense, hard material. The wetting material enhances the wettability of the base constituent with the binder constituent, which is lighter and softer than the base constituent.
Diffusion within a Layered, Graphite-Like, Spherical Electrode (2005)

A method of analysis is presented whereby one may determine from chronocoulometric measurements whether a spherical electrode is isotropic or anisotropic. To be examined theoretically is diffusion of a species within a collection of flat impermeable disks stacked parallel to and at equal distance from each other, forming an enveloping spherical surface. Within this model, which mimics a layered, graphite-like spherical electrode, species can enter (or leave) each of the disks only through the edge, i.e., transport across the faces of the disks is not allowed. The functional form of the transient dimensionless flux for this stratified structure, following a concentration step at the surface, was found to be very similar to that of an isotropic sphere of the same radius subject to otherwise identical conditions. However, the times required for the two types of spheres to achieve a prescribed fraction of their maximum capacity were found to differ, particularly for short times. Provided the number of disks is known, a parameter that can be easily obtained from the size of the particle and the interplanar distance of the layered material, the analysis presented in this work affords means of extracting from the experimental data the correct diffusion coefficient of the species within the stratified lattice, and thus assessing the error involved by assuming the sphere to be isotropic.
Outline of EU Shift2Rail and its Suggestion on Railway's R&D (2021)

This report focuses specifically on EU's Shift2Rail, which is a major railway R&D project and its promoting organization in Europe, and summarizes its process of establishment, its composition of R&D organizations and its scheme of the evaluation. Through this process the current European R&D system, railway's system development direction and the future direction of R&D to be carried out by Japanese organizations are clarified as follows. Firstly, this project is characterized by having future-oriented research programs for example. Secondly, the goals are numerically declared, and the research activities are evaluated using the achievement levels named TRL. Thirdly, each R&D program is systemized with the smallest components named TD and BB.
216 Development of Continual Manufacturing Process for Medical Instrument (2010)

This paper describes for developing a new continual manufacturing process, we named "Synchronized" & "Harmonized". The Synchronized Line has non WIP from welding to assembling by one set flow. The Harmonized Line has 2 hours WIP from welding to assembling by minimum rot flow, which painted different colors. As a result, we achieved that reduction of manufacturing leadtime form 5 days to 6 hours and we decrease work-in-process by 63% down.
A Feature Weighed Clustering Based Key-Frames Extraction Method (2009)

Video key-frame extraction using unsupervised clustering is an effective method to get key-frame from video clips. When multi-features are used to cluster frames, different features usually have different weight and importance. This paper introduces a feature weight based clustering method which detects the optimize cluster number and performs clustering at the same time. Starting with an over-specified number of clusters, similarly clusters are merged by weighed-distance of clusters and the dispersion of key-frame. At last, the key-frames are extracted as nearest to the cluster centers. Experimental results show encouraging results compared with the traditional methods.
Breakdown phenomena in ultra-fast plasma closing switches (2000)

An experimental investigation into the rate of voltage collapse in plasma closing switches has been undertaken. A transmission line test switch, incorporating a radial/conical topology to minimize wave reflections, has been used for this investigation. The results described were obtained from experiments using hydrogen, helium, nitrogen, and SF/sub 6/. The results show that there is a distinct change in breakdown behavior as the pressure increases. At the lowest tested pressures, there is a rapid voltage collapse phase. This phase reduces at intermediate pressures before recovering at higher pressures. This transition from low-pressure behavior to high-pressure behavior occurred in all the tested gases, although the transition pressure values were dependent on the gas type.
Using an Innovative Approach to Teach Students How to Communicate About Scientific Topics to Non‐Scientists (2018)

Regardless what career path biochemistry and molecular biology students take, they will all be required to communicate to non‐scientists. Thus, we are excited to share an innovative approach we used in our upper division cancer biology course to teach this skill. For this key aspect of the course, we used a multi‐faceted approach to teach the students how to communicate with non‐scientists both orally and in written form. To begin, we had three cancer survivors come to the class tell their stories of diagnosis and surviving pancreatic cancer. We then required the students to read three primary journal articles about pancreatic cancer research co‐authored by a pancreatic cancer surgeon/researcher who they would meet after reading these articles. Next, the students volunteered at a pancreatic cancer walk/run event so they could meet additional pancreatic cancer survivors and caregivers. After volunteering at this event on a large university campus, the students met with the author to discuss the details of the three assigned papers. Following this very informative discussion, the students each chose one of the three papers and rewrote it in layman's term meant to inform non‐scientists. Each of the students also gave a short oral presentation about the content of their paper to a panel of five pancreatic cancer survivors. These survivors reviewed each of the presentations using a simple rubric we created. We report that all students learned important skills about how to communicate to non‐scientists. Quantitative assessment of these assignments indicated that the combination of community outreach as well as the involvement of cancer survivors and professional caregivers lead to an elevated sense of importance of ‐ and engagement in ‐ the subject matter. We hypothesize that such inclusive and comprehensive pedagogical approaches are helpful for the students when deciding on and developing their future careers. We also emphasize the merits of implementing our approach in other biochemistry and molecular biology courses in order to deepen the appreciation of the subject matter, foster critical and strategic thinking, and develop enhanced science communication skills. All of these ultimately lead to a better and higher quality learning experience for the students. This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2018 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal .
Structural studies on polysaccharides synthetised from sucrose by soluble enzymes in human dental plaque material. (1975)

Soluble enzymes in human dental plaque material were shown to synthetise a polysaccharide material when incubated with sucrose. The polysaccharide mixture was fractionated by gel chromatography and the major fraction (Mw congruent to 95,000) was characterised as a mixture of a alpha-(1 leads to 6)-linked glucan with branches linked alpha-(1 leads to 3) to the main chain and a beta-(2 leads to 6)-linked fructan with branches in the 1-position of the chain residues.
Letter to the Editor Regarding Aerosol Filtration Efficiency of Common Fabrics Used in Respiratory Cloth Masks (2020)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVLetter to the EditorNEXTLetter to the Editor Regarding Aerosol Filtration Efficiency of Common Fabrics Used in Respiratory Cloth MasksIan A. CarrIan A. CarrDivision of Applied Mechanics, Office of Science and Engineering Laboratories, Center for Devices and Radiological Health, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland 20993, United StatesMore by Ian A. Carrhttp://orcid.org/0000-0001-7292-506X, Prasanna HariharanPrasanna HariharanDivision of Applied Mechanics, Office of Science and Engineering Laboratories, Center for Devices and Radiological Health, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland 20993, United StatesMore by Prasanna Hariharan, and Suvajyoti Guha*Suvajyoti GuhaDivision of Applied Mechanics, Office of Science and Engineering Laboratories, Center for Devices and Radiological Health, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland 20993, United States*Email: [email protected]More by Suvajyoti Guhahttp://orcid.org/0000-0002-7622-2721Cite this: ACS Nano 2020, 14, 9, 10754–10755Publication Date (Web):September 22, 2020Publication History Received29 May 2020Published online22 September 2020Published inissue 22 September 2020https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acsnano.0c04482https://doi.org/10.1021/acsnano.0c04482letterACS PublicationsThis article not subject to U.S. Copyright. Published 2020 by the American Chemical Society. This publication is available under these Terms of Use. Request reuse permissions This publication is free to access through this site. Learn MoreArticle Views2531Altmetric-Citations8LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail PDF (535 KB) Get e-AlertscloseSUBJECTS:Aerosols,Filtration,Materials Get e-Alerts
Measurement of the cosmic-ray energy spectrum between 3×1015and 3×1016eV using a photon-density spectrum technique (1987)

The authors describe a new experiment to measure the cosmic-ray energy spectrum in the astrophysically interesting energy range from 3*1015 eV, to 3*1016 eV, close to the 'knee' in the spectrum. The technique used is a novel variation of the photon-density spectrum technique in which the use of two separated detectors enables the energy spectrum to be investigated independently of any assumptions about the primary mass composition. The results they present are in reasonable agreement with earlier measurements in this energy range and, in conjunction with measurements at lower energies, may indicate the presence of a 'bump' or 'kneecap' in the spectrum. The experiment may also be used to infer gross features of the primary mass composition, and preliminary results indicate the potential of the technique.
Pathobiology and cell interactions of platelets in diabetes (2005)

Diabetes is a well-recognised risk factor for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and in fact most diabetic patients die from vascular complications. The Diabetes Control and Complications Trial (DCCT) and the U.K. Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) indicate a consistent relationship between hyperglycaemia and the incidence of chronic vascular complications in patients with diabetes. Platelets are essential for haemostasis, and abnormalities of platelet function may cause vascular disease in diabetes. Diabetic patients have hyperreactive platelets with exaggerated adhesion, aggregation and thrombin generation. In summary, the entire coagulation cascade is dysfunctional in diabetes. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the physiological role of platelets in maintaining haemostasis and of the pathophysiological processes that contribute to platelet dysfunction in diabetes and associated cardiovascular diseases, with special emphasis on proteomic approaches and leukocyte-platelet cross-talk.
Cholinergic Surveillance over Hippocampal RNA Metabolism and Alzheimer's-Like Pathology (2016)

The relationship between long-term cholinergic dysfunction and risk of developing dementia is poorly understood. Here we used mice with deletion of the vesicular acetylcholine transporter (VAChT) in the forebrain to model cholinergic abnormalities observed in dementia. Whole-genome RNA sequencing of hippocampal samples revealed that cholinergic failure causes changes in RNA metabolism. Remarkably, key transcripts related to Alzheimer's disease are affected. BACE1, for instance, shows abnormal splicing caused by decreased expression of the splicing regulator hnRNPA2/B1. Resulting BACE1 overexpression leads to increased APP processing and accumulation of soluble Aβ1-42. This is accompanied by age-related increases in GSK3 activation, tau hyperphosphorylation, caspase-3 activation, decreased synaptic markers, increased neuronal death, and deteriorating cognition. Pharmacological inhibition of GSK3 hyperactivation reversed deficits in synaptic markers and tau hyperphosphorylation induced by cholinergic dysfunction, indicating a key role for GSK3 in some of these pathological changes. Interestingly, in human brains there was a high correlation between decreased levels of VAChT and hnRNPA2/B1 levels with increased tau hyperphosphorylation. These results suggest that changes in RNA processing caused by cholinergic loss can facilitate Alzheimer's-like pathology in mice, providing a mechanism by which decreased cholinergic tone may increase risk of dementia.