gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Generation of ultrasound in materials using continuous-wave lasers (2012)

Generating and detecting ultrasound is a standard method of nondestructive evaluation of materials. Pulsed lasers are used to generate ultrasound remotely in situations that prohibit the use of contact transducers. The scanning rate is limited by the repetition rates of the pulsed lasers, ranging between 10 and 100 Hz for lasers with sufficient pulse widths and energies. Alternately, a high-power continuous-wave laser can be scanned across the surface, creating an ultrasonic wavefront. Since generation is continuous, the scanning rate can be as much as 4 orders of magnitude higher than with pulsed lasers. This paper introduces the concept, comparing the theoretical scanning speed with generation by pulsed laser.
Impact of topology on parallel video streaming (2010)

Video streaming with HDTV or UHDV quality will be provided and widely demanded in the future. However, the transmission bit-rate of high-quality video streaming is quite large, so generated traffic flows will cause link congestion. Therefore, when providing streaming services of rich content, it is important to flatten the link utilization, i.e., reduce the maximum link utilization. To achieve this goal, parallel video streaming in which ISPs use multiple servers to deliver rich content is effective. However, the effect of parallel video streaming depends on the network topology and link capacities. In this paper, we investigate the impact of network topologies on the effect of parallel video streaming using 23 actual commercial ISP networks, when optimally designing server locations and optimally selecting servers.
Neonatal rat cartilage has the capacity for tissue regeneration (2001)

One of the most relevant issues in future medicine is tissue regeneration. Transplantation medicine alone cannot solve the problem of incurable conditions of vital organs. One approach to this might be the replication of the spontaneous regeneration that is found in embryonic/neonatal tissue. In this study, a tissue model for basic investigation of regeneration mechanisms in vivo was established. We demonstrated by histology and immunohistochemical staining for types I and II collagen that neonatal rat cartilage unlike adult cartilage has the capacity for rapid scarfree regeneration after full-thickness incision. The underlying mechanism was identified in the preserved proliferative capacity of neonatal chondrocytes. This in vivo model should prove useful in further studies of the role of cellular (e.g., GA cell cycle regulators) and extracellular (e.g., cytokines) factors in tissue regeneration and wound healing.
Preparation of terpeneless oils by vacuum distillation method. (1991)

(hydrocarbon-free) oils were produced from citrus peel
Nisyros (2012)

Abstract Nisyros is an island of the southeastern Aegean which was part of the Sporades Islands in ancient times, and is now part of the Dodecanese.
Radio waves in rock near overburden-rock interface (1963)

An account is given of a theoretical investigation of radio wave propagation in a rock medium situated below a highly conducting plane boundary overburden, due to a vertically polarized electric dipole source immersed in the rock near the boundary. Excluded from this discussion are propagation modes in the rock guided between plane boundaries on top and bottom. Just as with dipoles in air above a plane ground, the rock wave can be considered as the result of a "direct wave," a wave "reflected'' from the overburden and an "interface surface wave." Rock with complex phase constant <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">k_{1}</tex> replaces air with real phase constant <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">\beta_{0}</tex> . Of interest is the variation with depth below the boundary of the fields in the rock, analogous to "height gain" for fields in air. Of importance is the effect of the relative refractive index of overburden-to-rock. A sample calculation is given for a one-mile path assuming typical electrical constants for the rock and overburden media. At the VLF of interest, loss tangents in the media are large. These results may assist in determining whether or not a received signal is due predominantly to a rock propagated wave or to a possible "up-over-and-down" mode.
Photonic defect states in chains of coupled microresonators (2001)

Defects in one-dimensional photonic crystals have been studied by angle-resolved photoluminescence spectroscopy from which we obtain a comprehensive picture of the energies and field distributions of modes in the photon band gaps. The structures have been fabricated by coupling semiconductor microcavities that exhibit an index confinement of light in all three directions to linear chains. The defects are obtained by varying the size of one of the microcavities in the chain. Time-resolved spectroscopy demonstrates that the decay rate of the spontaneous emission of quantum dots into a defect mode is considerably enhanced (Purcell effect).
Convenient synthesis of nickel [5,7,12,14,19,21,26,28-13C8] phthalocyanine (1989)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTConvenient synthesis of nickel [5,7,12,14,19,21,26,28-13C8] phthalocyanineAnthony G. M. Barrett, William E. Broderick, Brian M. Hoffman, and Christopher S. VelazquezCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1989, 54, 13, 3233–3234Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1989Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1989https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00274a059https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00274a059research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views222Altmetric-Citations6LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
The Chemistry of Cochliodinol, a Metabolite of Chaetomium spp. (1975)

Chemical and spectroscopic (u.v., i.r., 1 H and 13 C n.m.r., and mass) data are reported which suggest that cochliodinol is 2,5-dihydroxy-3,6-di(5′-(2″-methylbut-Δ 2 ″-ene)-indolyl-3′)-cyclo-hexadiene-1,4-dione (1a).
Platelet glycoprotein Ibα polymorphisms modulate the risk for myocardial infarction (2004)

Summary Platelet glycoprotein Iba (GPIba) gene polymorphisms have been reported to affect the risk of developing coronary heart disease. Here, within the GPIba gene, we determine the association between the variable number of tandem repeats (VNTR), the -5C/T Kozak sequence dimorphism, and the human platelet antigen (HPA)-2 polymorphisms with occurrence of myocardial infarction (MI). Patients (n=180) presenting survivors of MI were compared to 180 controls matched by age, gender, and race. Carriers of VNTR-CD genotype had a 2-fold higher risk for MI compared to controls. The prevalence of VNTR-BC was lower among patients than among controls (P=.007). These data are in agreement with recent reports of increased plug formation by human platelets containing VNTRCD but no other VNTR genotypes. Among patients, the number of vessels severely occluded was greater among carriers of the D-allele (P=.019) or VNTR-CD (P=.026) and lower among carriers of the C-allele (P=.003) or VNTR-CC (P=.0009) compared to non-carriers of these alleles. No influence was seen with the Kozak or HPA-2 polymorphisms. Determination of VNTR of the GPIba gene may prove useful for identifying high-risk individuals for MI.
Reevaluation of Trypsin-EDTA for Endothelial Cell Detachment before Flow Cytometry Analysis (1996)

AbstractTo obtain viable single-cell suspensions for flow cytometry analysis, endothelial cells are usually harvested by using a solution of trypsin-EDTA or PBS-EDTA alone. Trypsin is known to alter antigenic epitopes and thus may lead to an inaccurate assessment of cell-surface molecule expression. First it was determined that the best viable cell recovery was obtained with trypsin-EDTA compared to alternative methods, i.e., cell scraper, EDTA and a cell-dissociation solution. After cell detachment with trypsin-EDTA of increasing concentrations and incubation times and indirect immunolabeling with monoclonal antibodies, flow cytometry analysis of endothelial cell antigen expression established that a solution of 0.05% trypsin-0.02% EDTA incubated for 0.5 min yielded endothelial cells whose integrity of antigenic expression was maintained. The following cell-surface molecules were studied: S-Endo 1 antigen, CD54 ([CAM-]), Thrombomodulin (TM), CD31 (PECAM-I), CD49b (VLAa2) and CD51 (VNRa).Key Words: antigen expressioncell cultureendothelial cellenzymatic harvestingflow cytometrytrypsin
1st report of unexpected true left-sided gallbladder treated with robotic approach (2019)

No change of port setting was required with the robotic approach. The ICG-aided cholangiography improved surgeon's ability to recognize the concomitant vascular and biliary anomalies. However, no definitive conclusion can be drown until further experience and volume are achieved.
Antidepressants, withdrawal, and addiction; where are we now? (2019)

Controversy continues with regard to antidepressants and withdrawal. Recent debates have focused on the prevalence and length of withdrawal, and some continue to state that withdrawal from these compounds constitutes 'addiction'. In this editorial we examine the evidence underlying these recent debates. We acknowledge gaps in knowledge, and make suggestions for how the field can progress.
A 56-Gb/s receiver front-end with a CTLE and 1-tap DFE in 20-nm CMOS (2014)

A 56-Gb/s receiver front-end suited for baud-rate clock recovery is demonstrated in 20-nm CMOS. Sharing the comparators for the data decision and phase detection minimizes the number of comparators in the front-end and reduces the power consumption. The front-end has a continuous-time linear equalizer followed by a 1-tap speculative decision-feedback equalizer. The front-end operates at 56Gb/s with a bit error rate of less than 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">−12</sup> with a 0.4UI margin in the bathtub curve. It occupies 0.27mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> and consumes 177mW of power from a 0.9-V supply.
Compact metalorganic molecular-beam epitaxy growth system (1994)

This article describes a compact growth system specifically designed for metalorganic molecular-beam epitaxy (MOMBE) of InP-based materials. The system is designed to take full advantage of the MOMBE method, in particular the premixing of the group III and V precursors, respectively, and the elimination of large solid effusion cells. The system uses a fixed sample heating stage which is designed for indium wafer mounting, up to a 2 in. diameter, on molybdenum blocks. Temperature control during growth is done with a thermocouple inserted directly into the sample block with a small charge of indium to provide intimate thermal contact. Sample loading is done vertically from above in order to load the sample in the growth position. The system is controlled by a personal computer, which also replaces all of the analog temperature and pressure controllers. Initial results on 2-in. diameter wafers indicate excellent uniformity of the composition, Δa/a=±2×10−4 for InGaAs, and photoluminescence, ±4.5 nm for InGaAsP, respectively. In addition, high-speed InGaAs/InP heterostructure bipolar transistors and charge injection transistors grown in this system have demonstrated fT’s of 125 and 73 GHz, respectively.
In Vivo Imaging of Influenza Virus Infection in Immunized Mice (2017)

Immunization is the cornerstone of seasonal influenza control and represents an important component of pandemic preparedness strategies. Using a bioluminescent reporter virus, we demonstrate the application of noninvasive <i>in vivo</i> imaging system (IVIS) technology to evaluate the preclinical efficacy of candidate vaccines and immunotherapy in a mouse model of influenza. Sequential imaging revealed distinct spatiotemporal kinetics of bioluminescence in groups of mice passively or actively immunized by various strategies that accelerated the clearance of the challenge virus at different rates and by distinct mechanisms. Imaging findings were consistent with conclusions derived from virus titers in the lungs and, notably, were more informative than conventional efficacy endpoints in some cases. Our findings demonstrate the reliability of IVIS as a qualitative approach to support preclinical evaluation of candidate medical countermeasures for influenza in mice.<b>IMPORTANCE</b> Influenza A viruses remain a persistent threat to public health. Vaccination and immunotherapy are effective countermeasures for the control of influenza but must contend with antigenic drift and the risk of resistance to antivirals. Traditional preclinical efficacy studies for novel vaccine and pharmaceutical candidates can be time-consuming and expensive and are inherently limited in scope. <i>In vivo</i> imaging approaches offer the potential to noninvasively track virus replication in real time in animal models. In this study, we demonstrate the utility of bioluminescent imaging for tracking influenza virus replication in the lungs of immunized mice and also identify important factors that may influence the accurate interpretation of imaging results. Our findings support the potential of IVIS approaches to enhance traditional preclinical efficacy evaluation of candidate vaccines and human monoclonal antibodies for the prevention and treatment of influenza.
The gut microbiota is an emerging target for improving brain health during ageing (2022)

The gut microbiota plays crucial roles in maintaining the health and homeostasis of its host throughout lifespan, including through its ability to impact brain function and regulate behaviour during ageing. Studies have shown that there are disparate rates of biologic ageing despite equivalencies in chronologic age, including in the development of neurodegenerative diseases, which suggests that environmental factors may play an important role in determining health outcomes in ageing. Recent evidence demonstrates that the gut microbiota may be a potential novel target to ameliorate symptoms of brain ageing and promote healthy cognition. This review highlights the current knowledge around the relationships between the gut microbiota and host brain ageing, including potential contributions to age-related neurodegenerative diseases. Furthermore, we assess key areas for which gut microbiota-based strategies may present as opportunities for intervention.
Science-Industry Collaboration (2007)

In 1982, the Animal Breeding Research Organization of Scotland had a serious fiscal problem. The British agency in charge of funding its research faced a budget shortfall that led to spending reductions for recipient institutions. Rather than lay off scientists from its basic research team, the Scottish scientific organization decided to generate new revenues by commercializing its products. Renamed the Roslin Institute, it created a privately funded company, PPL Therapeutics, in 1987 to bring products to the marketplace. Within a decade, PPL scientists were part of the research group that produced Dolly, the world's first sheep to be cloned from adult cells. The company went on to pioneer new treatments for several diseases and partner with leading pharmaceutical companies.1KeywordsPublic SectorStem Cell ResearchMedical TourismNational BoundaryRoslin InstituteThese keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
Adaptive runtime fault management for service instances in component-based software applications (2007)

The Trust4All project aims to define an open, component-based framework for the middleware layer in high-volume embedded appliances that enables robust and reliable operation, upgrading and extension. To improve the availability of each individual application in a Trust4All system, a runtime configurable fault management mechanism (FMM) is proposed, which detects deviations from given service specifications by intercepting interface calls. When repair is necessary, FMM picks a repair action that incurs the best tradeoff between the success rate and the cost of repair. Considering that it is rather difficult to obtain sufficient information about third party components during their early stage of usage, FMM is designed to be able to accumulate knowledge and adapts its capability accordingly.
Reaction of Glycidyl Methacrylate at the Hydroxyl and Carboxylic Groups of Poly(vinyl alcohol) and Poly(acrylic acid): Is This Reaction Mechanism Still Unclear? (2009)

Transesterification and epoxide ring-opening reactions are two mechanism routes that explain chemical modifications of macromolecules by glycidyl methacrylate (GMA). Although the coupling reaction of the GMA with macromolecules has widely been investigated, there are still mechanisms that remain to be explained when GMA is processed in an aqueous solution at different pH conditions. To this end, reaction mechanisms of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) and poly(acrylic acid) (PAAc) by GMA in water in acidic and basic conditions were investigated thoroughly. The presence of hydroxyl groups in PVA and carboxyl groups in PAAc allowed for a better evaluation of the reaction mechanisms. The analysis of the (1)H and (13)C NMR spectra clearly demonstrated that the chemical reactions of GMA with carboxyl groups and alcohols of the macromolecules in an aqueous solution are dependent on pH conditions. At pH 3.5, the GMA reacts with both the carboxylic and the hydroxyl groups through an epoxide ring-opening mechanism. At pH 10.5, the GMA undergoes a hydrolysis process and reacts with hydroxyl groups by way of both the transesterification and the epoxide ring-opening mechanisms, whereas the ring-opening reaction is the preferential pathway.
Comparison of insulin-like growth factor I receptor and insulin receptor purified from human placental membranes. (1986)

Insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I receptor purified from human placental membranes as previously described (LeBon, T. R., Jacobs, S., Cuatrecasas, P., Kathuria, S., and Fujita-Yamaguchi, Y. (1986) J. Biol. Chem. 261, 7685-7689) was characterized. The IGF-I receptor was similar to the insulin receptor with respect to subunit structure (beta-alpha-alpha-beta), apparent sizes of deglycosylated alpha (Mr = approximately 88,000) and beta (Mr = approximately 67,000) subunits, and amino acid composition of the subunits. Monoclonal antibody specific to each receptor recognized its own receptor whereas polyclonal anti-human insulin receptor antibody cross-reacted with the IGF-I receptor, indicating that the receptors share one or more antigenic sites. Further characterization of the purified IGF-I receptor tyrosine-protein kinase activity indicated that by analogy with the insulin receptor the monomeric alpha beta form of the IGF-I receptor appears to have higher kinase activity than the intact receptor in the alpha 2 beta 2 form. The most significant difference between the two receptors was found in the N-terminal amino acid sequences of their alpha subunits, which apparently show 60% identity. The IGF-I receptor alpha subunit lacks residues corresponding to the N-terminal 4 amino acids of the insulin receptor alpha subunit. These results provide the first direct proof that the IGF-I receptor is a molecule distinct from the insulin receptor despite numerous similarities.
Relaxation mechanism of germanium-73 in tetrabromogermane and tetraiodogermane at high temperature (1989)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTRelaxation mechanism of germanium-73 in tetrabromogermane and tetraiodogermane at high temperatureToshie Harazono, Katsumi Tanaka, and Yoshito TakeuchiCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1989, 28, 10, 1813–1815Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1989Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1989https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic00309a011https://doi.org/10.1021/ic00309a011research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views23Altmetric-Citations2LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts