gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Radiocarbon measurements with mid-infrared SCAR spectroscopy (2017)

Summary form only given. Since its first invention and demonstration [1], saturated-absorption cavity ring-down spectroscopy (SCAR) of CO2 gas samples at 4.5 μm wavelength has been approaching accelerator mass spectrometry (ams) precision in radiocarbon measurements. The first intercomparison between SCAR and ams measurements was performed with modern (fermentation of brown cane sugar) and fossil (high-purity industrial gas cylinder) carbon dioxide samples [2]. These successful results have triggered further optimization of the data fitting procedure [3] and significant upgrades of the SCAR experimental apparatus, leading to an improved performance of the spectrometer in terms of precision and repeatability [4]. Recently, an independent research group has reproduced SCAR spectroscopy, assessing the working limits of this techniques in terms of saturation parameter with measurements on a different molecular species [5].We will present, for the first time, radiocarbon measurements performed with our SCAR spectrometer on samples of archaeological interest, namely charcoal findings from the Abu Tbeirah site in the Southern Iraq. The radiocarbon content of the samples, measured in pMC units (percent of Modern Carbon) using the radiocarbon standard (SRM 4990C - Oxalic Acid from NIST), obtained with our SCAR technique will be compared with the results from an AMS machine.
SynthEx: a synthetic-normal-based DNA sequencing tool for copy number alteration detection and tumor heterogeneity profiling (2017)

Changes in the quantity of genetic material, known as somatic copy number alterations (CNAs), can drive tumorigenesis. Many methods exist for assessing CNAs using microarrays, but considerable technical issues limit current CNA calling based upon DNA sequencing. We present SynthEx, a novel tool for detecting CNAs from whole exome and genome sequencing. SynthEx utilizes a "synthetic-normal" strategy to overcome technical and financial issues. In terms of accuracy and precision, SynthEx is highly comparable to array-based methods and outperforms sequencing-based CNA detection tools. SynthEx robustly identifies CNAs using sequencing data without the additional costs associated with matched normal specimens.
Oxidation-Reduction Properties of Compounds I and II of Arthromyces ramosus Peroxidase (1994)

At neutral pH, compound I of Arthromyces ramosus peroxidase (ARP) was stable and was reduced to ferric ARP without apparent formation of compound II upon titration with ascorbate or hydroquinone. In the titration experiments, compound II was seen as an intermediate only at alkaline pH. However, measuring a difference spectrum in the Soret region by a stopped-flow method, we found that compound II was formed during the catalytic oxidation of ascorbate even at neutral pH. Using an EPR spectrometer with a microflow system, we measured the steady-state concentration of benzosemiquinone formed in the ARP-catalyzed oxidation of hydroquinone. The results clearly showed that ARP catalyzes the oxidation of hydroquinone by a one-electron-transfer mechanism, as does horseradish peroxidase. These observations led to the conclusion that compound I is reduced to compound II through a one-electron reduction by ascorbate or hydroquinone. Therefore, we concluded that ARP compound II is unusually unstable and is rapidly reduced to ferric enzyme without accumulation in the titration experiment. The unusual instability of ARP compound II is explained in terms of the high reduction potential of compound II. The reduction potentials (E0') of compounds I and II were measured at several pH values from redox equilibria with potassium hexachloroiridate on the basis of E0' = 0.90 V for the IrCL6(2)-IrCl6(3)- couple. These values were determined to be 0.915 and 0.982 V at pH 7, respectively, and decreased with increasing pH. This pH dependence was markedly changed by the buffer concentration.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Sirtuin 1 Promotes Th2 Responses and Airway Allergy by Repressing Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor-γ Activity in Dendritic Cells (2011)

Sirtuins are a unique class of NAD(+)-dependent deacetylases that regulate diverse biological functions such as aging, metabolism, and stress resistance. Recently, it has been shown that sirtuins may have anti-inflammatory activities by inhibiting proinflammatory transcription factors such as NF-κB. In contrast, we report in this study that pharmacological inhibition of sirtuins dampens adaptive Th2 responses and subsequent allergic inflammation by interfering with lung dendritic cell (DC) function in a mouse model of airway allergy. Using genetic engineering, we demonstrate that sirtuin 1 represses the activity of the nuclear receptor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ in DCs, thereby favoring their maturation toward a pro-Th2 phenotype. This study reveals a previously unappreciated function of sirtuin 1 in the regulation of DC function and Th2 responses, thus shedding new light on our current knowledge on the regulation of inflammatory processes by sirtuins.
UV light-induced autofluorescence of full-length Abeta-protein deposits in the human brain. (2002)

The formation of amyloid plaques is a hallmark of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Amyloid plaques and vascular amyloid deposits in cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) consist of the beta-amyloid protein (Abeta) in association with other proteins. These Abeta-deposits can be visualized by thioflavin S, Congo red staining, silver staining methods and immunohistochemistry. Senile plaques also have been shown to exhibit blue autofluorescence. Here we report that UV light-induced autofluorescence is restricted to full-length Abeta-containing amyloid plaques and is also seen in blood vessels affected by CAA. Different types of samples from AD and control cortices were examined: native samples, formalin-fixed paraffin and polyethylene glycol-embedded tissue sections. These samples were viewed with a fluorescence microscope under UV light excitation (360 - 370 nm). By emitting blue fluorescence (>420 nm), amyloid plaques and blood vessels affected by CAA were detected in AD and CAA samples. Combination with immunofluorescence against anti-Abeta1-42, anti-Abeta17-24, and anti-Abeta8-17 demonstrated co-localization of the autofluorescent deposits with full-length Abeta containing Abeta-deposits. N-terminal truncated Abeta-deposits, such as the fleecy amyloid, do not exhibit autofluorescence. In doing so, Abeta-autofluorescence is a suitable method for screening native tissue samples for full-length Abeta-deposits. In contradistinction to conventional and immunohistochemical procedures, detection of plaques and CAA by autofluorescence enables the recognition of full-length Abeta-deposits in the human brain without any chemical interaction whatsoever on the part of Abeta.
Design of an optical slot waveguide amplifier based on Er3+-doped tellurite glass (2022)

The idea of a slot waveguide amplifier based on erbium-doped tellurite glass is first theoretically discussed in this work. Choosing the horizontal slot for low propagation loss, the TM mode profile compressed in the insertion layer was simulated, and the gain characteristics of the slot waveguide amplifier were calculated. Combining the capacity to confine light locally and the merits of tellurite glass as an emission host, this optimized amplifier shows enhanced interactions between the electric field and erbium ions and achieves a net gain of 15.21 dB for the 0.01 mW input light at 1530 nm, implying great promise of a high-performance device.
Supplementary Figure from Ovarian Cancers with Low CIP2A Tumor Expression Constitute an APR-246–Sensitive Disease Subtype (2023)

Supplementary Figure from Ovarian Cancers with Low CIP2A Tumor Expression Constitute an APR-246–Sensitive Disease Subtype
Long-Term Functional Outcome of Low Anterior Resection With Colonic J-Pouch Reconstruction for Rectal Cancer in the Elderly (2004)

Low anterior resection with colonic J-pouch reconstruction provides excellent functional outcome, including continence, for elderly patients. Colonic J-pouch reconstruction is a highly preferable alternative to permanent colostomy in elderly patients undergoing low anterior resection.
Ab Initio and Semiempirical Study of the Effect of Ethereal Solvent on Aggregation of a Lithium Enolate (1997)

The effect of dimethyl ether solvation on aggregated forms of the lithium enolate of acetaldehyde (CH2CHOLi)n(Me2O)x, n = 1−4, x = 0−4, was studied theoretically. Density functional theory (DFT) with the B3LYP functional was applied to calculate the energies of PM3 optimized structures (B3LYP//PM3). The accuracy of this method was checked successfully against a representative set of B3LYP//B3LYP computations. The DFT values also were calibrated by comparison with MP4 calculations on solvated methyllithium. The structures and energies of the aggregates are described, with emphasis on the main factors that control relative stabilities. Common crystal structure motivs are reproduced. Solvation is critical in the equilibria among the aggregated species and in the relative stabilities of the tetrameric isomers but is balanced by π-interactions between lithium and the enolate double bond. A number of tetramer structures were studied, but lithium is tetracoordinated only in the cubic tetramer in the most stable solvated form. Aggregation and successive solvation energies as well as entropy considerations indicate that solution equilibria are dominated by the solvated monomer and tetramer. The disolvated monomer is remarkably stable; addition of a third solvent is far less exothermic than the first two additions and may not suffice to compensate for the corresponding entropy change. Natural population analysis (NPA) suggests that polarization rather than delocalization of charge from oxygen into the enolate double bond is the main mechanism of charge distribution. Previously known experimental aggregation data on lithium enolates are rationalized by the computational results obtained.
Flow cytometric measurement of peptidases with use of 5-nitrosalicylaldehyde and 4-methoxy-beta-naphthylamine derivatives. (1977)

Enzyme activity can be measured in single cells or in cell suspensions by either static or flow microfluorometry when a fluorogenic substrate is used. We have used amino acid derivatives of arylamines as fluorogenic substrates for tagging cellular proteinases. The liberated aromatic amine, which can diffuse from the cell, is trapped as a fluorescent insoluble Schiff-base product with 5-nitrosalicylaldehyde, with the peak of fluorescence emission shifted from lambdaem 425 nm to lambdaem 530 and 595 nm. Although the reaction is faster at pH 4 than at higher pH's, the equilibrium during the assay of certain peptidase activities is such that the liberated aromatic amine is trapped in the cell at pH values as high as 7.5. 5-Nitrosalicylaldehyde causes almost no inhibition of substrate hydrolysis at 1 mmol/liter, a concentration exceeding that required for complete trapping of reaction product. The kinetics of enzymatic reactions with four synthetic substrates are demonstrated in intact Balb 3T3 cells and sonicated preparations in the presence of 5-nitrosalicylaldehyde. Hydrolytic rates for the substrate, CBZ-ala-arg-arg-4-methoxy-beta-naphthylamine, are given for single 3T3 cells by microfluorophotometry and for suspensions of 3T3 cells by flow cytometry. The clinical value of the method is demonstrated for differentiating mixed populations of leukocytes.
Improved Methods for Rapid Load Tests of Deep Foundations (2009)

Rapid Load Tests have been promoted as an alternative for Static Pile Load Tests since the late 1980s. Rapid Load Tests create a relatively long duration force pulse in comparison with Dynamic Load Tests. However, a reliable prediction of pile static capacity with this test based on the so-called Unloading Point Method (UPM) has been subject to debate. Estimates of static capacity by UPM have overestimated static load test results when the applied force pulse produced too little axial movement. To resolve these issues, a drop mass Rapid Load Test called the Hybridnamic Test (HT) was developed with a ram mass up to 700 kN to reliably estimate the pile static ultimate bearing capacity up to a 35 MN. This paper discusses using a multi-cycle Hybridnamic Test in soil of mostly sand. A new interpretation method called Fully Mobilized UPM, with a required minimum net penetration per test cycle, was applied to this case study and comparison of estimated soil resistance was made between conventional UPM and Fully Mobilized UPM, and with signal matching of the dynamic force pulse data using CAPWAP. Finally a practical method to prepare a Static Load-Displacement Curve based on multi-cycle HT results is proposed.
Simulation of Runoff under Different Management Options Using Digital Terrain Modelling (1994)

Changes in pasture composition due to increased grazing pressure, result in undesirable patch development. The increase in 'patchiness' in turn affects the hydrology of these grazed catchments. The hydrology model THALES was used to simulate runoff for this pasture regime. Three different scenarios were analysed: variation in stocking rate represented by patch ratio, variation in patch location and variation in soils for two rainfall events. Predicted runoff data was correlated against observed data produced by the two rainfall events and showed extremely good correlation for a low intensity rainfall event. Model response was much more sensitive to a high intensity storm with runoff volume and peak runoff rate being twice the observed values. Seasonal changes in surface condition account for the difference between observed and predicted results. By increasing the proportion of undesirable pasture species runoff volume and peak runoff rate were significantly increased. Randomised patch location halved peak runoff rate while runoff volume remained much the same. Differences in runoff characteristics for two vastly different soil types were demonstrated.
Temporal variability of suspended matter in Astoria Canyon (1974)

Suspended matter in Astoria canyon was monitored by means of an in situ nephelometer and by means of light-scattering and particle concentration measurements performed aboard ship on water samples. Nephelometer profiles obtained along the axis of the canyon in February and April 1973 indicate that the canyon is divided into two distinct zones: a nearshore zone in which the suspensoid distribution undergoes large changes and an offshore zone in which the distribution varies to a much lesser degree. A 15-hour time series of light-scattering and particle concentration profiles at a depth of 1100 m in the canyon shows extensive and rapid changes in suspended matter concentration at several depths. The effect of nonsteady state distributions of suspended matter on calculations of the coefficient of eddy diffusivity is examined and shown to be an important consideration in a submarine canyon.
Simulation of the active Brownian motion of a microswimmer (2014)

Unlike passive Brownian particles, active Brownian particles, also known as microswimmers, propel themselves with directed motion and thus drive themselves out of equilibrium. Understanding their motion can provide insight into out-of-equilibrium phenomena associated with biological examples such as bacteria, as well as with artificial microswimmers. We discuss how to mathematically model their motion using a set of stochastic differential equations and how to numerically simulate it using the corresponding set of finite difference equations both in homogenous and complex environments. In particular, we show how active Brownian particles do not follow the Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution—a clear signature of their out-of-equilibrium nature—and how, unlike passive Brownian particles, microswimmers can be funneled, trapped, and sorted.
Hand Grip Strength: age and gender stratified normative data in a population-based study (2011)

This population demonstrated higher BMI and lower grip strength in younger participants than much of the international published, population data. A complete exploration of the relationship between BMI and hand grip strength was not fully explored as there were very few participants with BMI in the underweight range. The age and gender grip strength values are lower in younger adults than those reported in international literature.
Theoretical study of subband levels in semiconductor heterostructures (1985)

We present an envelope-function approach designed to describe a large class of weakly inhomogeneous semiconductors. This model is a generalization of Kane's eight-band k\ensuremath{\cdot}p model with remote-band effects included in second-order perturbation theory. It is used to study subband levels of single and multiple quantum wells fabricated by layers of GaAs and ${\mathrm{Ga}}_{1\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}\mathrm{x}}$${\mathrm{Al}}_{\mathrm{x}}$As. The dependence of these levels on variations of input parameters such as effective masses and band offsets, as well as sample parameters such as alloy concentration and layer thickness, is investigated. Comparison of our results with experimental data on single GaAs/${\mathrm{Ga}}_{1\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}\mathrm{x}}$${\mathrm{Al}}_{\mathrm{x}}$As quantum wells demonstrates that experimental uncertainties in sample length and alloy concentration do not allow a unique determination of the band offsets. For recent data on quasiparabolic wells, we find that the level splittings for electrons and holes cannot always be explained by a unique choice for the offsets. However, in agreement with previous observations, we find that these structures favor nearly symmetric band offsets.
La responsabilidad por daños en los centros de educación superior (2011)

El presente trabajo constituye un estudio detallado de los distintos regímenes de responsabilidad que confluyen en los daños ocasionados en el ámbito de la educación superior, analizando los criterios de imputación, condiciones y consecuencias que determinan la existencia de cada responsabilidad, sea esta contractual o extracontractual, objetiva o subjetiva, civil o patrimonial, solidaria o subsidiaria.Para ello, se analiza esta responsabilidad desde dos órbitas distintas, en función de la titularidad de dichos centros, si son públicos o privados, teniendo en cuenta si los daños son causados por los empleados, por los alumnos o por el propio centro, comparando y acotando dichos sistemas de responsabilidad, su imputación y sus resultados.Se pretende dotar al panorama doctrinal de una solución a la problemática jurídica planteada ya que, a pesar de tratarse de una cuestión tan relevante, la responsabilidad de los centros de enseñanza superior no ha suscitado atención por parte de nuestra doctrina, que únicamente viene analizando la responsabilidad de los centros en los que se desarrolla una enseñanza no superior.
Congenital Dislocation of the Patella-A Case Report and Literature Review (2023)

Congenital Dislocation of the Patella (CDP) is an extremely rare condition characterized by a permanent, irreducible patella dislocation associated with a fixed flexion contracture of the knee.It should always be differentiated from other more frequent conditions.Several techniques have been described for the surgical treatment, which is mandatory to achieve patella reduction and a normal knee function.We report the case of a one-year-old girl who was diagnosed at birth by magnetic resonance imaging after a suspicious physical examination.No other medical conditions were identified.She underwent surgical treatment with a modified Langenskild technique, aiming for a less invasive approach with no peri or post-operative complications.Six months after surgery she was able to stand and walk properly for her age with knee full extension achieved.
The presence and origin of phosphopeptides in human saliva (1988)

The presence of phosphopeptides in whole saliva (saliva expectorated from the mouth) was demonstrated and their origin was evaluated. Whole saliva contained much larger numbers of small phosphopeptides than are found in the glandular secretions. Most of these originated from the acidic proline-rich proteins (PRPs) in the major salivary glands and were formed, after secretion into the oral cavity, as a result of rapid degradation by proteolytic enzymes from extraglandular sources contained in sediment from whole saliva. Some peptides may have been formed by cleavage of basic PRPs, but other phosphoproteins apparently contributed little to the observed phosphopeptides. Most of the enzymes that produced phosphopeptides are serine proteinases. The gel-electrophoretic band patterns of the phosphopeptides obtained from 26 individuals of various acidic-PRP phenotypes were remarkably similar, demonstrating that the enzymes responsible were generally present in the population surveyed and that similar cleavages occur regardless of the nature of the acidic PRPs. Many of these peptides were N-terminal proteolytic cleavage products of acidic PRPs. The N-terminal phosphorylated region of acidic PRPs contains various biological activities, such as inhibition of hydroxyapatite formation, calcium binding and binding to hydroxyapatite, the major mineral of teeth. The demonstration of these phosphopeptides in the saliva that is in contact with the oral surface may therefore be of biological importance.
Recognizing records from the extracted cells of microfilm tables (2002)

Microfilm documents contain a wealth of information, but extracting and organizing this information by hand is slow, error-prone, and tedious. As an initial step toward automating access to this information, we describe in this paper an algorithmic process to automatically identify record patterns found in microfilm tables for pre-specified application domains. Our table-processing algorithm accepts an XML input file describing the individual cells of a table taken from a microfilm document, and finds for each record in the document the cells that together comprise the record. Two key features drive the algorithm: (1) geometric layout and (2) label matching with respect to a given domain-specific application ontology. The algorithm achieved an accuracy of 92% on our test corpus of genealogical microfilm tables.
Extended Adaptive Cruise Control based on multiple target information (2013)

Adaptive Cruise Control (ACC) is an improvement of regular cruise control that has been available in premium cars for over 10 years. With advanced sensing systems, based on for instance RADAR and camera sensors, ACC makes it possible for a vehicle to follow the preceding vehicle at a safe distance by\nautomatically adjusting the velocity. \n\nIn this thesis, it is investigated whether more information from the environment may be used to improve the ACC. By using information from vehicles in adjacent lanes and vehicles ahead in the same lane, the ACC is extended with two new functions; Lateral prediction and Multi-target control. Lateral prediction is used to predict the future position of vehicles in the adjacent lanes. When a vehicle from an adjacent lane is predicted to join the same lane, the ACC equipped vehicle can change target in the control law faster. Multi-target control is introduced by letting the ACC use information from more than one preceding vehicle in the control law. With the extra information it is possible to earlier detect and react to traffic disturbances further ahead in the lane.\n\nThe extended ACC is evaluated with both simulations and in-vehicle tests and it is shown that it has advantages concerning driving comfort and safety over the standard ACC.