gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Crystalline structure and reinforcement in hybrid PP composites (2021)

Abstract Hybrid composites were prepared from a PP homopolymer, talc and PVA fibers by twin-screw extrusion and injection molding. Talc was added to improve stiffness, while the fibers serve to increase impact resistance. Mechanical properties were characterized by tensile and impact testing, while structure was studied by SEM and optical microscopy. The results showed that talc has a strong nucleating effect in the PP used in spite of the fact that the grade contained a nucleating agent inherently. PVA also nucleated the PP slightly, with trans-crystallization occurring around the fibers. The effect of the two components was independent of each other on lamella thickness, but crystallinity decreased with increasing PVA content in the hybrid composites. The results clearly showed that crystalline structure changes considerably upon the addition of the two components, both lamella thickness and crystallinity increasing. However, somewhat contradictorily, the effect of these changes on the mechanical properties of the composites is small. Model calculations have shown that stiffness increases by about 0.5 GPa due to nucleation, while moduli as large as 7 GPa are reached by the addition of talc. Impact resistance is completely independent of lamella thickness or crystallinity; this property is determined mainly by local deformation processes initiated by the PVA fibers. Dispersed structure and the direct effect of the additive determine properties in the hybrid composites studied, and the role of crystalline structure is of secondary importance.
Low-temperature suppression of the spin Nernst angle in Pt (2021)

The coupling between electrical, thermal, and spin transport results in a plethora of novel transport phenomena. However, disentangling different effects is experimentally very challenging. We demonstrate that bilayers consisting of the antiferromagnetic insulator hematite ($\ensuremath{\alpha}\text{\ensuremath{-}}{\mathrm{Fe}}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}$) and Pt allow one to precisely measure the transverse spin Nernst magnetothermopower (TSNM) and observe the low-temperature suppression of the platinum (Pt) spin Nernst angle. We show that the observed signal stems from the interplay between the interfacial spin accumulation in Pt originating from the spin Nernst effect and the orientation of the N\'eel vector of $\ensuremath{\alpha}\text{\ensuremath{-}}{\mathrm{Fe}}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}$, rather than its net magnetization. Since the latter is negligible in an antiferromagnet, our device is superior to ferromagnetic structures, allowing one to unambiguously distinguish the TSNM from thermally excited magnon transport, which usually dominates in ferri/ferromagnets due to their nonzero magnetization. Evaluating the temperature dependence of the effect, we observe a vanishing TSNM below $\ensuremath{\sim}100\phantom{\rule{0.28em}{0ex}}\mathrm{K}$. We compare these results with theoretical calculations of the temperature-dependent spin Nernst conductivity and find excellent agreement. This provides evidence for a vanishing spin Nernst angle of Pt at low temperatures and the dominance of extrinsic contributions to the spin Nernst effect.
Closed Loop Control of Parison Dimension Profiles in Extrusion Blow Molding (1991)

Abstract Extrusion blow molding is utilized in the production of plastic hollow containers. One of the critical steps in the process sequence is the formation of an annular extrudate, called the parison. Extrusion of the parison through an annular die is associated with varying degrees of swell and sag along the length. Moreover, the design of many commercial blow molding products requires variations in wall thickness along the length of the parison. The present work describes the design and operation of an on-line computerized parison thickness profile measurement technique for the purpose of implementing closed loop control of the parison thickness profile. The proposed thickness measurement technique was evaluated by comparing it to the conventional pinch-off mold technique. The control strategy employed involves a simple on-line adaptive control scheme. Programmed set point profiles, such as constant, linear and oscillatory profiles were implemented to within a 5% error. Moreover, the adaptive controller compensates for system disturbances.
Evaluation of Human Alertness and Its Applications (1993)

The living body adapts itself to a changing environment by reacting in response to environmental stimulation. Methods of assessing body regulation include physiological and psychological measurements and evaluation of task-handling performance. The living body can be comprehensively evaluated from multiple viewpoints based on these indices, and the appropriate combination of methods can be selected according to the purpose. We report on our methods of evaluating the physiological activity of the daytime living body (α-attenuation test, ECG R-R fluctuation analysis, Heart rate, Rectal temperature), and discuss the applicability of the proposed methods. We also touch upon evaluation of performance and subjective feeling.Results 1: With the aim of quantifying the physiological activity of the living body, the α-attenuation test for evaluation of alertness and ECG R-R interval analysis for evaluation of the activity of the autonomic nervous system were assessed. The potential for quantification of diurnal change in alertness by the use of the α-attenuation test was suggested. We also rated a performance test based on reaction time and target tracking error, and a subjective feeling measurement method using an analog scale on a computer display. The subjective feeling measurement method and the performance test were found applicable to the quantitative assessment of diurnal changes in physiological activity.Results 2: Rectal temperature, heart rate, performance, and subjective feelings were measured at night for an awake subject. They were depressed early in the morning. Rectal temperature and heart rate showed positive correlation. Rectal temperature showed negative correlation with reaction time, tracking error, and subjective feelings. These results suggest that physiological, psychological, and behavioral states were depressed early in the morning according to the circadian rhythm, and that the performance capability and subjective feelings could be estimated by rectal temperature and heart rate.
Humic surface waters of frozen peat bogs (permafrost zone) are highly resistant to bio- and photodegradation (2019)

Abstract. In contrast to the large number of studies on humic waters from permafrost-free regions and oligotrophic waters from permafrost-bearing regions, the bio- and photolability of DOM from the humic surface waters of permafrost-bearing regions has not been thoroughly evaluated. Following standardized protocol, we measured biodegradation (at low, intermediate and high temperatures) and photodegradation (at one intermediate temperature) of DOM in surface waters along the hydrological continuum (depression → stream → thermokarst lake → Pechora River) within a frozen peatland in European Russia. In all systems, within the experimental resolution of 5 % to 10 %, there was no bio- or photodegradation of DOM over a 1-month incubation period. It is possible that the main cause of the lack of degradation is the dominance of allochthonous refractory (soil, peat) DOM in all waters studied. However, all surface waters were supersaturated with CO2. Thus, this study suggests that, rather than bio- and photodegradation of DOM in the water column, other factors such as peat pore-water DOM processing and respiration of sediments are the main drivers of elevated pCO2 and CO2 emission in humic boreal waters of frozen peat bogs.
Microscopic Textures and X-Ray Diffraction Patterns in Nematic Phases Occurring Above Smectic C Phases (1987)

Abstract Microscopic studies of the nematic phase in the 4-n-alkoxybenzoic acids have shown that the nematic-to-isotropic transition has a range ≥ 0.9° which is larger than the 0.2–0.3° range usually seen for this transition. This wide range was also observed in a variety of phenylbenzoates and thiobenzoates having smectic C-nematic transitions but was not observed for HOAB and the bis-(4′-n-alkoxybenzal)-2-chloro-1, 4-phenylenediamines. A subtle continuous textural change was observed in the middle of the nematic phase in most of the 4-n-alkoxybenzoic acids which have both a nematic and smectic C phase. This change was observed both on heating and cooling the sample and diminishes with increasing chain length until it is no longer observed in the C12 homolog. The nematic phases of a wide variety of other compounds with smectic C-nematic transitions were also studied, but these did not show this textural change within the nematic phase. Plots of the effective molecular length versus temperature, obtained from x-ray diffraction data, showed a significant increase with temperature for the nematic phases of most 4-n-alkoxybenzoic acids. Such an increase has not been observed for other nematic phases occurring above smectic C phases, and it appears to be correlated with the textural change observed by us. A study of the smectic C-nematic transitions in these compounds showed that this transition can also vary in width, with an intermediate texture being observed when the transition has a wide range.
Accurate and rapid modeling of iron-bleomycin-induced DNA damage using tethered duplex oligonucleotides and electrospray ionization ion trap mass spectrometric analysis (2000)

Bleomycin B(2)(BLM) in the presence of iron [Fe(II)] and O(2)catalyzes single-stranded (ss) and double-stranded (ds) cleavage of DNA. Electrospray ionization ion trap mass spectrometry was used to monitor these cleavage processes. Two duplex oligonucleotides containing an ethylene oxide tether between both strands were used in this investigation, allowing facile monitoring of all ss and ds cleavage events. A sequence for site-specific binding and cleavage by Fe-BLM was incorporated into each analyte. One of these core sequences, GTAC, is a known hot-spot for ds cleavage, while the other sequence, GGCC, is a hot-spot for ss cleavage. Incubation of each oligo-nucleotide under anaerobic conditions with Fe(II)-BLM allowed detection of the non-covalent ternary Fe-BLM/oligonucleotide complex in the gas phase. Cleavage studies were then performed utilizing O(2)-activated Fe(II)-BLM. No work-up or separation steps were required and direct MS and MS/MS analyses of the crude reaction mixtures confirmed sequence-specific Fe-BLM-induced cleavage. Comparison of the cleavage patterns for both oligonucleotides revealed sequence-dependent preferences for ss and ds cleavages in accordance with previously established gel electrophoresis analysis of hairpin oligonucleotides. This novel methodology allowed direct, rapid and accurate determination of cleavage profiles of model duplex oligonucleotides after exposure to activated Fe-BLM.
Spectral assessment of organic matter with different composition using reflectance spectroscopy&#160; (2021)

&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;Soil surveys are critical for maintaining sustainable use of natural resources while minimizing harmful impacts to the ecosystem. A key soil attribute for many environmental parameters, such as CO2 budget, soil fertility and sustainability, is soil organic matter (SOM), and its sequestration. Soil spectroscopy is a popular method to assess SOM content rapidly in both field and laboratory domains. However, the SOM source composition differs from soil to soil and the use of spectral-based models for quantifying SOM may present limited accuracy when applying a generic approach for SOM assessment. We therefore examined the extent to which the generic approach can assess SOM contents of different origin using spectral-based models. We created an artificial big dataset composed of pure dune sand as a SOM-free background which was artificially mixed with increasing amounts of different organic matter (OM) sources obtained from commercial compost of different origins. Dune sand has high albedo and yields optimal conditions for SOM detection. This study combined two methods: partial least squares regression for the prediction of SOM content from reflectance values across the 400&amp;amp;#8211;2500 nm region, and soil spectral detection limit (SSDL) to judge the prediction accuracy. Spectral-based models to assess SOM content were evaluated with each OM source as well as with a merged dataset that contained all of the generated samples (generic approach). The latter was concluded to have limitations for assessing low amounts of SOM (&amp;lt;0.6%), even under controlled conditions. Moreover, some of the OM sources were more difficult to monitor than others; accordingly, caution is advised when different SOM sources are present in the examined population.&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;
ROLE OF MHC, Mls AND TCR IN IMMUNE TOLERANCE (1989)

MHC class II molecules and self antigens, such as Mls, influence T-cell selection by clonal deletion of potentially self-reactive T cells. In order to examine the role of various class II molecules in the T-cell receptor-self antigen interaction, class II transgenic and recombinant mice were analysed for TCR expression. Our studies indicate that the A alpha and E alpha chains can present Mls gene products for the clonal deletion of V beta 6-bearing T cells, and that the A alpha q chain is defective in this process. We have also shown that E alpha A beta heterodimer in transgenic and recombinant mice is expressed and functions to delete I-E reactive V beta llT cells, demonstrating again the role of the E alpha molecule.
A case of malignant melanoma in ulcerated part undergoed subtotal integumentectomy. (1999)

A 75-year-old female was seen in June 1997 with a 4-year history of tumor on heel of her right-foot. The ulcerated part of the tumor was biopsied in another hospital and diagnosed as malignant melanoma. When we saw her, operation scar and brownblack macule were recognized. Three months after the wide resection of the primary lesion by us, she had multiple, in-transit metastases on her right skin. We performed a subtotal integumentectomy, initially from primary operation site to knee level, then subsequebtly from the knee to inguinal site with inguinal nodes dissection. However, three months after the subtotal integumentectomy, she developed multiple vinceral metastases and she deceased in April 1998. Although the subtotal integumentectomy is an option of treatment of in-transit metastasis of malignant melanoma, we think the validity should be evaluated by increasing cases treated with this procedure.
Améliorer la sensibilité à la leptine vers un remède contre l’obésité (2008)

Produite par le tissu adipeux, la leptine régule positivement le comportement alimentaire et la dépense énergétique. Cependant, les personnes obèses, chez qui le taux de leptine est anormalement élevé, sont incapables de répondre à l’hormone et se trouvent dans un état de résistance. La leptine déclenche la réponse biologique en activant ses récepteurs (OB-R), et leur quantité exposée à la surface de la cellule est un des facteurs déterminants de la sensibilité d’une cellule à la leptine. Notre équipe a identifié OB-RGRP, qui est issu du même gène que celui codant pour OB-R, comme un nouveau régulateur de ce dernier. OB-RGRP est une protéine à quatre domaines transmembranaires qui interagit avec OB-R et le retient dans les compartiments intracellulaires, régulant ainsi son expression de surface. L’extinction ciblée du gène OB-RGRP au niveau du noyau arqué (ARC) de l’hypothalamus, site principal d’action de la leptine et important pour la régulation de l’homéostasie énergétique, est capable de prévenir l’obésité des souris soumises à un régime gras. Dans cet article, nous discutons de cette découverte originale.
ChemInform Abstract: RK.‐MOEGLICHKEITEN VON SECHSGLIEDRIGEN CHELATRINGEN, N‐ALKYLIERUNG, DESACYLIERUNG UND PROTONISIERUNG (1972)

Abstract Aus dem Nickel‐corrol‐Komplex (I) erhält man mit Methylfluorsulfonat letztlich das Methylierungsprodukt (II), mit Protonen die Salze wie (III).
A Ka-band Beam-Steering Transmitarray Achieving Dual-Circular Polarization (2021)

This contribution describes a versatile and technologically simple approach for the design of polarization-agile beam-steering transmitarray antennas. The array interleaves two types of electronically reconfigurable unit cells which receive the same linear polarization but radiate horizontally and vertically polarized waves, respectively. The phase shift introduced by each cell can be varied with a resolution of about 90° (2-bit phase quantization) controlling the bias state of two pairs of p-i-n diodes. Dual-circular polarization can be obtained by enforcing the proper phase shift among orthogonally polarized cells. As a proof of concept, a 24×24 transmitarray for Ka-band satellite communications is designed and tested. The experimental results demonstrate beam-steering up to 60° and polarization switching capability. For broadside radiation, an axial ratio lower than 1 dB is measured over the entire operating band (29.5-31 GHz).
The Representation of the Ethnic Minorities in Canadian Media (2006)

Under-representation and misrepresentation are two forms of discrimination against ethnic minorities in Canadian media.Due to the efforts of minorty groups,the improper media representation of ethnic minorties has become more covert in recent years.The increasing concentration of private media institutions,the widely adopeted self-monitoring in media institutions and disproportionate composition of media practitioners are among the causes of discrimination against ethnic minorities.Therefore,the establishment of an independent monitoring institution,reforms of media institutions and the efforts of the minorities can help to tackle this issue.
Evidence that an Increase in Cytoplasmic Calcium Is the Initiating Event in Certain Plasma Membrane-Mediated Responses to 3,5,3'-Triiodothyronine in Rat Thymocytes* (1989)

The present studies were undertaken to explore further the mechanism by which T3 increases adenylate cyclase activity and the uptake of the sugar analog 2-deoxyglucose (2-DG) in freshly isolated rat thymocytes. In studies of cells preloaded with the fluorescent probe quin-2, whose fluorescence intensity increases linearly with increases in cytoplasmic free calcium concentration [( Ca2+]i), we have now demonstrated that T3 increases [Ca2+]i in thymocytes suspended in buffer containing 1 mM Ca2+. This effect was extremely prompt, becoming evident much less than 1 min after the addition of T3 and reaching maximal values in about 5-8 min. The subsequent time course of the T3 effect was obscured by an increase in fluorescence intensity in control thymocytes not exposed to T3, beginning after about 8 min of incubation. However, the T3 effect, after reaching its peak, appeared to remain stable for about 5 min and then to decline, abating completely in 18-30 min. No effect of T3 on [Ca2+]i was observed when thymocytes were suspended in Ca2+-free medium. The effect of T3 on [Ca2+]i was concentration dependent, and as with its actions on thymocyte adenylate cyclase activity, cAMP concentration and 2-DG uptake, the lowest effective concentration of T3 was 1 nM. Among several thyronine analogs studied, L-T3 was the most potent, followed in decreasing order of potency by L-T4, D-T3, 3,5-diiodo-3'-isopropyl-L-thyronine, and D-T4. rT3, 3,5-diiodo-L-thyronine, and D,L-thyronine were without effect. l-Alprenolol alone (10 microM) produced a modest increase in thymocyte [Ca2+]i, but, as it does with the effect of T3 on cellular cAMP concentration and 2-DG uptake, it markedly inhibited or abolished the stimulatory effect of T3 on [Ca2+]i. From these observations we conclude that T3 initiates the increase in thymocyte [Ca2+]i by enhancing the influx of extracellular calcium, though the possibility that it also releases calcium from an intracellular calcium pool cannot be excluded. Since the effects of T3 on thymocyte adenylate cyclase activity, cAMP concentration, and 2-DG uptake occur subsequent to these effects on calcium metabolism and require the presence of Ca2+ in the extracellular fluid, we suggest that an increase in [Ca2+]i, due at least partly to an influx of extracellular calcium, is the initiating event in these plasma membrane-mediated responses of the rat thymocyte to T3.
Cardiogenic Shock in the Setting of Acute Myocardial Infarction (2020)

Cardiogenic shock in the setting of acute myocardial infarction remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality. In fact, acute myocardial infarction accounts for 81% of patients in cardiogenic shock. Despite advances in pharmacologic and device-based approaches to support patients with cardiogenic shock, no significant improvement in mortality has been observed over the past 20 years, although multiple registries are providing new insight into this complex syndrome. Key elements for optimal treatment include integration of hemodynamic and metabolic data for diagnosis and risk stratification, early evaluation and appropriate initiation of acute mechanical circulatory support devices, and an organized algorithmic approach to decision making.
Generalizing the Unimodular Approach (1994)

Most of the available parallelism in source code is contained in loops and is exploited by applying a sequence of loop transformations. Diflerent methods of representing and ordering sequences oftransformations have been developed, including the use of unimodular transformations, which unify loop permutation, loop reversal, and loop skewing of perfectly nested loops. This paper presents three extensions to the unimodular approach that make it applicable to a wider range of source code structures. First, the unimodular transformations are extended to represent additional loop transformation techniques, namely loop fission, loop fusion, loop blocking (tiling), strip mining, cycle shrinking, loop coalescing, and loop collapsing. Second, the application of unimodular transformations is generalized to handle both perfectly and imperfectly nested loops. Third, attractive properties of the original unimodular transformations are preserved by the generalized model.
Modelling After-the-fact Leakage for Key Exchange (full version) (2014)

Security models for two-party authenticated key exchange (AKE) protocols have developed over time to prove the security of AKE protocols even when the adversary learns certain secret values. In this work, we address more granular leakage: partial leakage of long-term secrets of protocol principals, even after the session key is established. We introduce a generic key exchange security model, which can be instantiated allowing bounded or continuous leakage, even when the adversary learns certain ephemeral secrets or session keys. Our model is the strongest known partial-leakage-based security model for key exchange protocols. We propose a generic construction of a two-pass leakage-resilient key exchange protocol that is secure in the proposed model, by introducing a new concept: the leakage-resilient NAXOS trick. We identify a special property for public-key cryptosystems: pair generation indistinguishability, and show how to obtain the leakage-resilient NAXOS trick from a pair generation indistinguishable leakage-resilient public-key cryptosystem.