gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Acoustic‐distortion products: Separation of sensory from neural dysfunction in sensorineural hearing loss in human beings and rabbits (1991)

Because distortion-product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAEs) provide a noninvasive measure of outer hair-cell (OHC) activity, they should provide a unique and sensitive indicator of the effects of agents that damage hearing. Using DPOAE methods, the present study was designed to assess the relative contributions of the cochlea's outer hair cells to some common sensorineural diseases, including Meniere's disease, acoustic neuroma, and noise-induced, hereditary, and sudden idiopathic sensorineural hearing loss. Parallel evaluations of DPOAEs were performed under essentially identical conditions in rabbit models of several of the human disorders, including noise-induced hearing loss, endolymphatic hydrops, and cochlear neurectomy. Animal studies were performed to assess the proficiency of DPOAEs to track a developing sensorineural deficit as well as to compare patterns of DPOAE dysfunction between clinical and experimental forms of peripheral hearing loss. Detailed measures of DPOAEs were collected in the stimulus-frequency and intensity domains as "audiograms" and response/growth or input/output functions, respectively. The outcome of analyses of both human beings and animals supported the notion that DPOAE testing is sensitive to sensory-cell disease. Thus, in combination with conventional audiometry, DPOAE measures permit a distinction between the relative contribution sensory and neural components of the cochlea make to hearing deficits.
Development of a Constant Volume Combustion Chamber for Material Synthesis (2018)

A constant volume combustion chamber (CVCC) was constructed to enable material synthesis procedures that are sensitive to temperature, pressure, and ambient species concentrations. Material synthesis processes require specific operating conditions in order to carry out the desired chemical reactions and property transformations, including the creation of paper-templated metals and nanoparticles. The 1.13 liter combustion chamber includes a test stand for conducting the material synthesis experiments. A premixed fuel-air mixture is ignited at a desired equivalence ratio in order to produce the required synthesis conditions. In comparison to furnaces and ovens, this approach provides greater flexibility for materials synthesis procedures. Computational modeling using adaptive mesh refinement, alongside preliminary experimental testing results, confirms that the CVCC can provide the appropriate conditions to synthesize paper-templated metals. The approach demonstrates that the CVCC can be a viable alternative to a furnace for use in materials synthesis applications.
Dynamic QoS-aware Queuing for Heterogeneous Traffic in Smart Home (2019)

Smart home gateways have to forward multi-sourced network traffic generated with different distributions and with different Quality of Service (QoS) requirements. Most of the current QoS-aware scheduling methods consider only the conventional priority metrics based on the IP Type of Service (ToS) field to make decision for bandwidth allocation. Such priority-based scheduling methods are not optimal to provide both QoS and QoE (quality of experience) since higher-priority traffic do not necessary require higher stringent delay than lower-priority traffic. To solve the gaps between QoS and QoE, we propose a new queuing model for QoS-level Pair traffic with mixed arrival distributions in Smart Home network (QP-SH) to make a dynamic QoS-aware scheduling decision which meets delay requirements of all traffic while preserves their degrees of criticality. A new metric which combines, the ToS field and the maximum number of packets that can be processed by the system's service during the maximum required delay, is defined. Our experiments show the proposed solution provides an improvement regarding the number of packets that meet their priorities and their maximum delays as well as the mean number of packets in the system.
Development of a selective and highly sensitive fluorescence assay for nucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase1 (NTPDase1, CD39) (2018)

Ecto-nucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase1 (NTPDase1, CD39) is a major ectonucleotidase that hydrolyzes proinflammatory ATP via ADP to AMP, which is subsequently converted by ecto-5'-nucleotidase (CD73) to immunosuppressive adenosine. Activation of CD39 has potential for treating inflammatory diseases, while inhibition was suggested as a novel strategy for the immunotherapy of cancer. In the present study, we developed a selective and highly sensitive capillary electrophoresis (CE) assay using a novel fluorescent CD39 substrate, a fluorescein-labelled ATP (PSB-170621A) that is converted to its AMP derivative. To accelerate the assays, a two-directional (forward and reverse) CE system was implemented using 96-well plates, which is suitable for the screening of compound libraries (Z'-factor: 0.7). The detection limits for the forward and reverse operation were 11.7 and 2.00 pM, respectively, indicating a large enhancement in sensitivity as compared to previous methods (e.g. malachite-green assay: 1 000 000-fold, CE-UV assay: 500 000-fold, fluorescence polarization immunoassay: 12 500-fold). Enzyme kinetic studies at human CD39 revealed a Km value of 19.6 μM, and a kcat value of 119 × 10-3 s-1 for PSB-170621A, which shows similar substrate properties as ATP (11.4 μM and 82.5 × 10-3 s-1). The compound displayed similar properties at rat and mouse CD39. Subsequent docking studies into a homology model of human CD39 revealed a hydrophobic pocket that accommodates the fluorescein tag. PSB-170621A was found to be preferably hydrolyzed by CD39 as compared to other ectonucleotidases. The new assay was validated by performing inhibition assays with several standard CD39 inhibitors yielding results that were consonant with data using the natural substrates.
Crystallographic anisotropy in InAs quantum dashes on GaAs (2003)

Understanding the mechanisms that control self-assembly in semiconductor nanostructures is an important step towards tailoring their formation. Using high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), we are able to map the lattice constant within symmetric quantum dot (QD) and asymmetric quantum dash (Qdash) nanostructures. Comparative analysis of the two structures provides information about the roles of adatom migration and strain in the determining the crystallographic nature of the 3D structures.
Hepatic and extrahepatic factors critical for liver injury during lipopolysaccharide exposure (2001)

Bacterial endotoxin [lipopolysaccharide (LPS)] causes liver injury in vivo that is dependent on platelets, neutrophils [polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs)], and several inflammatory mediators, including thrombin. We tested the hypothesis that thrombin contributes to LPS-induced hepatocellular injury through direct interactions with platelets and/or PMNs in vitro. Perfusion of isolated livers from LPS-treated rats with buffer containing thrombin resulted in a significant increase in alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activity in the perfusion medium, indicating hepatocellular damage. This effect was completely abolished by prior depletion of PMNs from the LPS-treated donor rats but not by depletion of platelets, suggesting interaction between thrombin and PMNs in the pathogenesis. Thrombin did not, however, enhance degranulation of rat PMNs in vitro, and it was not directly toxic to isolated rat hepatocytes in the presence of PMNs even after LPS exposure, suggesting that hepatocellular killing by the PMN-thrombin combination requires the intervention of an additional factor(s) within the liver. In livers from naive donors perfused with buffer containing PMNs and LPS, no injury occurred in the absence of thrombin. Addition of thrombin (10 nM) to the medium caused pronounced ALT release. These results indicate that thrombin and PMNs are sufficient extrahepatic requirements for LPS-induced hepatocellular damage in intact liver.
<title>Analysis of error concealment schemes for MPEG-2 video transmission over ATM-based networks</title> (1995)

When cell loss occurs, error concealment can play a critical role in recovering the viewing quality of impaired video. In this paper, we first present a Slice Interleaving (SI) algorithm which has been demonstrated to be able to effectively prevent vertical adjacent slice loss, thereby enhancing the performance of error concealment techniques that rely heavily on interpolation. Experimentation on approximately 100 video clips using a time-variant Markov Chain (MC) cell loss model that emulates a fluctuating bursty cell loss environment, allowed us to conduct a comprehensive and comparative study of error concealment mechanisms in different coding domains. We then designed a hybrid concealment algorithm, such that, for an arbitrary video sequence, several concealment mechanisms can be adaptively merged together to achieve the best performance. Simulation results show that our hybrid algorithm can effectively detect frames or macroblocks with scene change and/or excessive irregular motion, and adaptively switch to an appropriate concealment module to achieve the optimal video quality.
Highly Enantioselective Epoxidation of Styrenes Catalyzed by Proline‐Derived C1‐Symmetric Titanium(Salan) Complexes (2009)

Titanium tough! Novel proline-derived C1-symmetric titanium(salan) complexes have been used to catalyze the epoxidation of styrene derivatives with aqueous hydrogen peroxide as the oxidant (see scheme). High enantiomeric excesses ranging from 96 to 98 % were obtained.
Holographic diffraction gratings recording in organically modified silica gels: erratum (1997)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text P. Cheben, T. Belenguer, A. Nuñez, F. del Monte, and D. Levy, "Holographic diffraction gratings recording in organically modified silica gels: erratum," Opt. Lett. 22, 193-193 (1997) Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
Restricted rotation in biguanide dications (1968)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTRestricted rotation in biguanide dicationsVictor J. Bauer, William Fulmor, George O. Morton, and Sidney R. SafirCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1968, 90, 24, 6845–6846Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1968Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1968https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01026a051https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01026a051research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views66Altmetric-Citations8LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
New Hydrocarbon Proton Exchange Membranes Based on Sulfonated Styrene-Ethylene/Butylene-Styrene Triblock Copolymers (1995)

Commercially available styrene-ethylene/butylene-styrene triblock polymer (Kraton G 1650) was partially sulfonated using a SO3/triethyl phosphate reagent in a dichloroethane/cyclohexane mixed solvent. Films of the product were cast from lower alcohols to give elastic materials with different degrees of sulfonation (ca. 30–60%) as determined by titration. Transmission electron microscopy suggests that the cast films possess cylindrical sulfonated polystyrene domains. The films swell in water, with the extent of swelling being dependent on the sulfonation level. Ionic conductivities as high as 8.5 × 10−2 S/cm are obtained when fully hydrated, and compare favorably to those exhibited by hydrated, sulfonated fluoropolymers such as Nafion.
모의 실험을 통한 혼합형 문항 검사의 문항반응이론 척도변환과 진점수동등화 조건 탐색 (2009)

이 연구는 공통문항 비동등 집단 설계에서 공통문항 구성의 조건별 차이와 문항반응이론 척도 변환 방법 간의 차이를 탐색함으로써 혼합형 문항 검사 동등화 연구의 실제적 적용을 목적으로 하였다.구체적으로 혼합형 문항 검사에서 문항반응이론 척도변환과 동등화 결과가 표본 크기,공통문항의 비율,공통문항 내에서의 선다형 문항과 구성형 문항의 구성 유형,척도변환 방법에...
Assessing human fertility using several markers of ovulation (2001)

In modelling human fertility one ideally accounts for timing of intercourse relative to ovulation. Measurement error in identifying the day of ovulation can bias estimates of fecundability parameters and attenuate estimates of covariate effects. In the absence of a single perfect marker of ovulation, several error prone markers are sometimes obtained. In this paper we propose a semi-parametric mixture model that uses multiple independent markers of ovulation to account for measurement error. The model assigns each method of assessing ovulation a distinct non-parametric error distribution, and corrects bias in estimates of day-specific fecundability. We use a Monte Carlo EM algorithm for joint estimation of (i) the error distribution for the markers, (ii) the error-corrected fertility parameters, and (iii) the couple-specific random effects. We apply the methods to data from a North Carolina fertility study to assess the magnitude of error in measures of ovulation based on urinary luteinizing hormone and metabolites of ovarian hormones, and estimate the corrected day-specific probabilities of clinical pregnancy. Published in 2001 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Validation of a Questionnaire for Clinical Seizure Diagnosis (1992)

A detailed questionnaire has been devised for diagnosis of seizure type. It is suitable for administration by trained interviewers, either directly or by telephone. A comparison of physician-based and questionnaire-based diagnoses showed almost perfect agreement in classification of patients into those with seizures of either generalized or focal origin. Substantial to almost-perfect agreement was reached in diagnosis of patients with most individual seizure types. Disagreement in differentiation between simple and complex partial seizures (CPS) probably reflects the limitations of the clinical method rather than of the questionnaire itself. The questionnaire should be of value in large-scaled clinical and epidemiologic studies.
Room-Temperature, Electric Field-Induced Creation of Stable Devices in CulnSe 2 Crystals (1992)

Multiple-junction structures were formed, on a microscopic scale, at room temperature, by the application of a strong electric field across originally homogeneous crystals of the ternary chalcopyrite semiconductor CulnSe(2). After removal of the electric field, the structures were examined with electron beam-induced current microscopy and their current-voltage characteristics were measured. Bipolar transistor action was observed, indicating that sharp bulk junctions can form in this way at low ambient temperatures. The devices are stable under normal (low-voltage) operating conditions. Possible causes for this effect, including electromigration and electric field-assisted defect reactions, are suggested.
A Precision Pruning Strategy for Improving Efficiency of Vibratory Mechanical Harvesting of Apples (2018)

Abstract. The state of Washington is the biggest fresh market apple ( Borkh.) producer in the U.S., and the state’s annual apple production has exceeded 60% of the national production. Due to the extensive labor requirements for harvesting fresh market apples, there is burgeoning demand for mechanical harvest solutions. Our transdisciplinary studies on mechanical harvest systems for apples have shown that fruit removal efficiency (FRE) with a vibratory system can be improved with precision canopy management. In this study, we evaluated the effect of precision pruning strategies on FRE in two groups (106 and 107, respectively) of randomly selected horizontal branches of ‘Jazz/M.9’ apple trees in a commercial orchard. Fruiting lateral branches were pruned to either shorter than 15 cm (guideline 1, G1) or 23 cm (guideline 2, G2). Harvest tests were conducted using a shake-and-catch harvester prototype developed by Washington State University with a fixed vibrating frequency of 20 Hz and shaking duration of 5 s. FRE for branches treated with G1 was significantly higher (91%) than FRE for branches treated with G2 (81%). We recorded a negative relationship between FRE and lateral shoot length. FRE was up to 98% when shoots were shorter than 5 cm, and FRE was only 56% for shoots of 25 cm or longer. We developed a shoot diameter-to-length index (S-index) to better understand the effect of shoot size on FRE. FRE was as high as 98% when the S-index was greater than 0.15. In addition, mechanically harvested fruit quality was assessed by categorizing the fruit into Extra Fancy, Fancy, and Downgrade fresh market classes based on USDA standards; however, no significant difference was found between the two treated groups. These results suggest that pruning lateral fruiting branches to less than 15 cm or to an S-index greater than 0.03 is required to achieve FRE of 85% with no negative impacts on fruit quality. Keywords: Canopy management, Fresh market fruit, Fruit removal efficiency, Mechanical harvest, Shoot pruning severity.
The Biginelli Dihydropyrimidinone Synthesis (2004)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Presenting spatial tactile messages with a hand-held device (2011)

This paper introduces a multi-actuator tactile device designed for remote touch communication. While closely-spaced high-frequency vibrotactile actuators can be difficult to distinguish, our system utilized four linear DC motors for presenting spatial tactile messages through low-frequency actuation. An experiment was conducted to determine accuracy for recognizing stimuli presented on the palm of the hand. Participants were asked to identify 10 predefined stimulus patterns created from the four linear actuators positioned in either a diamond or square configuration. Results showed that positional, linear, and circular stimuli were recognized with mean response accuracies of 98.8, 96.5, and 90.2%, respectively. No statistically significant differences were found between the actuator configurations. These findings can be utilized in developing a remote communication channel that supports the transfer of spatial aspects of touch such as mapping the location of finger touch of one user to tactile sensation on the palm of another user.
The bitumen imports at Tell Abraq : tracing the second millennium B.C. bitumen industry in south-east Arabia (2017)

Bitumen was widely traded throughout the Arabian Gulf in prehistory and its movement in the Neolithic and Early Bronze Age is well studied. This article presents the results of new geochemical work conducted on bitumen from the mid-second millennium BC at Tell Abraq (Emirate of Sharjah, UAE) to determine the geological origin of the samples. This study uses Stable Carbon Isotope Analysis (delta C-13) on the asphaltenes fraction and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) on the saturated hydrocarbon fraction. The Tell Abraq dataset offers a unique opportunity to understand trade and interaction as no bitumen from this period in south-eastern Arabia has ever been investigated. The mid-second millennium BC is one of immense change in the region. It is widely considered that south-eastern Arabia was disengaged from major economic interactions in the Arabian Gulf while Kassite influence in the central Gulf had drawn Bahrain (ancient Dilmun) into closer economic and political ties with Mesopotamia. The identification of Iranian bitumen at Tell Abraq illustrates that the situation in south-eastern Arabia was more complex than previously thought.
An ATM subscriber line interface circuit for voice and telephony over ATM (VTOA) (2002)

An ATM subscriber line interface circuit (ATM-SLIC) including BORSCHT functions, the cell assembly and disassembly (CLAD) function, and an interface circuit with ATM switches is proposed. It is designed for future ATM switching systems which should accommodate various interfaces, such as B-ISDN, N-ISDN, and POTS. The ATM adaptation layer type 1 processing method was evaluated, focusing on the impact of virtual channel connection changes during communication. An economical interface configuration to ATM switches that maintains the quality of voice communication is also proposed.
Sub-triangle opacity masks for faster ray tracing of transparent objects (2020)

We propose an easy and simple-to-integrate approach to accelerate ray tracing of alpha-tested transparent geometry with a focus on Microsoft® DirectX® or Vulkan® ray tracing extensions. Pre-computed bit masks are used to quickly determine fully transparent and fully opaque regions of triangles thereby skipping the more expensive alpha-test operation. These bit masks allow us to skip up to 86% of all transparency tests, yielding up to 40% speed up in a proof-of-concept DirectX® software only implementation.
Execution Time Optimization Using Delayed Multidimensional Retiming (2012)

Multidimensional retiming is an efficient optimization approach that ensures increasing a parallelism level in order to optimize the execution time. Two existing techniques called incremental and chained multidimensional retiming are based on this approach, which aim at achieving a full parallelism on loop body in order to schedule applications with a minimum cycle period. However, the cycle number increases in terms of parallelism level which presents a limiting factor to respect the execution time constraint of real-time applications. In this paper, we show how the minimal cycle period is achieved in multidimensional applications without applying a full parallelism. We present the theory of a novel technique, called delayed multidimensional retiming. Firstly, two efficient algorithms are presented where the first one insures the extraction of timing and data dependency properties of the application and the second one selects the set of data path for retiming. Then, we propose theorems to deduce a retiming function for the selected paths. Finally, a third algorithm describing the optimization approach is introduced. The experimental results show that our technique improves execution times in comparison to existing techniques. It achieves average improvements on the execution time of 41.57% compared to the Incremental technique and 11.55% compared to the Chained technique.
FPCAS2D user's guide, version 1.0 (1994)

The FPCAS2D computer code has been developed for aeroelastic stability analysis of bladed disks such as those in fans, compressors, turbines, propellers, or propfans. The aerodynamic analysis used in this code is based on the unsteady two-dimensional full potential equation which is solved for a cascade of blades. The structural analysis is based on a two degree-of-freedom rigid typical section model for each blade. Detailed explanations of the aerodynamic analysis, the numerical algorithms, and the aeroelastic analysis are not given in this report. This guide can be used to assist in the preparation of the input data required by the FPCAS2D code. A complete description of the input data is provided in this report. In addition, four test cases, including inputs and outputs, are provided.