gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Security vulnerabilities in DNS and DNSSEC (2007)

We present an analysis of security vulnerabilities in the domain name system (DNS) and the DNS security extensions (DNSSEC). DNS data that is provided by name servers lacks support for data origin authentication and data integrity. This makes DNS vulnerable to man in the middle (MITM) attacks, as well as a range of other attacks. To make DNS more robust, DNSSEC was proposed by the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF). DNSSEC provides data origin authentication and integrity by using digital signatures. Although DNSSEC provides security for DNS data, it suffers from serious security and operational flaws. We discuss the DNS and DNSSEC architectures, and consider the associated security vulnerabilities
A Melody Generation System Based on Cognitive Biases in Causal Inference by Human (2012)

本稿では，人間の認知バイアスのモデルを用いた音楽生成システムを提案する．音楽は期待の満足や裏切りによって情動豊かな作品として構成されている．このような音楽における期待の形成とその期待に対する満足や裏切りのダイナミクスを実現するために，緩い対称性（LS）モデルを使用した．このモデルは人間の思考や推論に特徴的な非論理的な対称性バイアスと相互排他性バイアスに基づいた確率モデルである．本システムは，（1）音から音への遷移を音楽におけるメロディの最も単純なイベントとみなし，既存の楽曲から音の遷移の特徴量を抽出し，（2）LS モデルにより「人間的な」改変，汎化を行い，（3）新たなメロディを生成する．メロディ生成に用いられる汎化後の確率分布の平均情報量を調べた結果，LS モデルがほどよい複雑性を作り出していることが確認された．さらに，生成されたメロディの評価のために心理実験を行い，LS モデルが期待に関する満足（音楽的まとまり）と裏切り（意外性）をバランスよく含んだメロディを生成していることを確認した．この結果は，音楽生成における期待感生成に関する認知バイアスの適用の有効性を示唆する．
Quasispherical acoustic resonators: The shell-gas interaction. (2011)

Spherical acoustic cavity resonators are useful tools for high-precision measurements of the speed of sound in gases. Conventionally, the gas-acoustic resonances are corrected for coupling to the shell using analytic expressions valid for isotropic, unsupported, shells of uniform thickness. Practical resonators have nearly spherical inner surfaces but exterior surfaces with non-spherical features and support structures. Finite-element methods have been used to calculate the response of realistic resonator shells that are coupled to support structures. Improved corrections of the gas-mode eigenfrequencies can be obtained in a form that is similar to the usual analytic expression, except that the shell response function must be calculated numerically. It is also shown that the coupling of gas modes through the shell is normally a weak effect proportional to the square of the static pressure and is totally negligible except in very unusual circumstances. The evolution of gas-shell coupling is followed when the speed of sound in the gas is varied so that a radial gas mode eigenfrequency fg approaches a shell mode eigenfrequency fs. The gas mode becomes unobservable as fg nears fs due to an avoided-crossing phenomenon similar to simple coupled oscillators.
The effects of estradiol are modulated in a tissue-specific manner in mice with inducible inactivation of ERα after sexual maturation (2020)

Mouse models with lifelong inactivation of estrogen receptor-α (ERα) show that ERα is the main mediator of estrogenic effects in bone, thymus, uterus, and fat. However, ERα inactivation early in life may cause developmental effects that confound the adult phenotypes. To address the specific role of adult ERα expression for estrogenic effects in bone and other nonskeletal tissues, we established a tamoxifen-inducible ERα-inactivated model by crossing CAGG-Cre-ER and ERα<sup>flox/flox</sup> mice. Tamoxifen-induced ERα inactivation after sexual maturation substantially reduced ERα mRNA levels in cortical bone, trabecular bone, thymus, uterus, gonadal fat, and hypothalamus, in CAGG-Cre-ERα<sup>flox/flox</sup> (inducible ERα<sup>KO</sup>) compared with ERα<sup>flox/flox</sup> (control) mice. 17β-estradiol (E2) treatment increased trabecular bone volume fraction (BV/TV), cortical bone area, and uterine weight, while it reduced thymus weight and fat mass in ovariectomized control mice. The estrogenic responses were substantially reduced in inducible ERα<sup>KO</sup> mice compared with control mice on BV/TV (-67%), uterine weight (-94%), thymus weight (-70%), and gonadal fat mass (-94%). In contrast, the estrogenic response on cortical bone area was unaffected in inducible ERα<sup>KO</sup> compared with control mice. In conclusion, using an inducible ERα<sup>KO</sup> model, not confounded by lack of ERα during development, we demonstrate that ERα expression in sexually mature female mice is required for normal E2 responses in most, but not all, tissues. The finding that cortical, but not trabecular bone, responds normally to E2 treatment in inducible ERα<sup>KO</sup> mice strengthens the idea of cortical and trabecular bone being regulated by estrogen via different mechanisms.
The application of metal cutting technologies in tasks performed in radioactive environments (1997)

The design and use of equipment to perform work in radioactive environments is uniquely challenging. Some tasks require that the equipment be operated by a person wearing a plastic suit or full face respirator and donning several pairs of rubber gloves. Other applications may require that the equipment be remotely controlled. Other important, design considerations include material compatibility, mixed waste issues, tolerance to ionizing radiation, size constraints and weight capacities. As always, there is the ``We need it ASAP`` design criteria. This paper describes four applications where different types of metal cutting technologies were used to successfully perform tasks in radioactive environments. The technologies include a plasma cutting torch, a grinder with an abrasive disk, a hydraulic shear, and a high pressure abrasive water jet cutter.
Evaluation and Optimization of Gaussian Approximation for Polar Codes. (2015)

Gaussian approximation (GA) is widely used to construct polar codes. However when the code length is relatively long, the subchannel selection inaccuracy due to the calculation error of conventional approximate GA (AGA), which uses two-segment approximation function, results in a catastrophic performance loss. In this paper, new principles to design GA approximation functions are proposed. First, we introduce the concepts of polarization violation set (PVS) and polarization reversal set (PRS) to explain the essential reason that conventional AGA can not work well. In the AGA process, the subchannels belonging to these two sets lead to the reliability sorting error among the subsequent subchannels, which violates Arikan's fundamental polarization principle. Moreover, we propose a new metric, named cumulative-logarithmic error (CLE), to quantitatively evaluate the remainder approximation error of AGA in logarithm. We derive the upper bound of CLE to simplify its calculation. Guided by PVS, PRS and CLE bound, we further propose new rules to design multi-segment GA approximation functions, which obviously improve the calculation accuracy of AGA so as to guarantee the excellent performance of polar codes. Numerical results show that the new proposed GA approximation functions are critical to construct high-performance polar codes with long code lengths.
Iron Chelators in Photodynamic Therapy Revisited: Synergistic Effect by Novel Highly Active Thiosemicarbazones (2014)

In photodynamic therapy (PDT), a noninvasive anticancer treatment, visible light, is used as a magic bullet selectively destroying cancer cells by a photosensitizer that is nontoxic in the dark. Protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) is a natural photosensitizer synthesized in the cell, which is also a chelating agent that if bonded to Fe(2+) forms heme, a central component of hemoglobin. Therefore, xenobiotic iron chelators can disturb iron homeostasis, increasing the accumulation of PpIX, obstructing the last step of heme biosynthesis, and enhancing PDT efficiency. However, the attempts to use this promising idea have not proved to be hugely successful. Herein, we revisited this issue by analyzing the application of iron chelators highly toxic in the dark, which should have higher Fe(2+) affinity than the nontoxic chelators used so far. We have designed and prepared thiosemicarbazones (TSC) with the highest dark cellular cytotoxicity among TSCs ever reported. We demonstrate that compound 2 exerts powerful PDT enhancement when used in combination with 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA), a precursor of PpIX.
Reduced Apoptosis and Increased Deletion Mutations at Aprt Locus In vivo in Mice Exposed to Repeated Ionizing Radiation (2007)

Exposure to ionizing radiation (IR) is a risk factor for carcinogenesis because it is a mutagen. However, a single 4-Gy whole body X-ray exposure only induced a modest increase of mutations at the Aprt reporter gene locus in mouse T cells. Intriguingly, when the same dose of IR was given in a fractionated protocol (1 Gy x 4 at weekly intervals), there was a strong induction of Aprt mutations in T cells. Many of these were mutations that arose via interstitial deletions inclusive of Aprt or by intragenic deletions. We hypothesized that the weekly fractionated X-ray exposures select for somatic cells with reduced p53 expression and/or reduced apoptosis, which, in turn, may have facilitated the accumulation of interstitial deletions, as in p53-deficient mice. We indeed found that splenocytes of mice with three previous exposures (1 Gy x 4 in total) were more resistant to X-ray-induced apoptosis than those of mice exposed to X-rays for the first time (1 Gy total). Thus, repeated X-ray radiation selects for reduced apoptosis in vivo. However, this reduced apoptosis is p53-independent, because p53 induction and the up-regulation of genes downstream of p53, such as Bax and p21, were similar between the 1-Gy and 1 Gy x 4 groups. Reduced apoptosis probably allows the generation of more mutations, particularly deletion mutations. Because both reduced apoptosis and increased somatic mutation are risk factors for carcinogenesis, they may contribute to the paradigm in which different radiation exposure schemes are varied in their efficiency in inducing lymphomagenesis.
Trichogenic effect of low level laser therapy combined with platelet-rich plasma for the management of androgenetic alopecia (2022)

Background: (AGA) is a very common hair disorder in men, Topical minoxidil and more recently low-level light therapy and Platelet-rich plasma therapy have been used in the management of (AGA). Objectives: To assess the Trichogenic effect of LLLT combined with PRP in the management of AGA. Patients and methods: Forty seven patients with AGAwere subjected to PRP therapy plus LLLT, affected area of all patients were treated for three months and then follow up for another three months. Efficacy was evaluated using global photography, folliscopic pictures analysis, answers for standardized hair growth questions and score of patient Gratification. Results: There was statistically significant improvement in diameter, vellus hair, terminal hair and density after treatment for three months although these improvements were decreased at three month after stoppage of treatment but still better than the baseline. Conclusion combination of LLLT with PRP could be a good treatment modality of AGA.
A Randomized Open Clinical Study of the Atherosclerosis Treatment Information Video Effect on Adherence to Long-Term Therapy in Patients with Cardiovascular Diseases (2021)

Aim. Study the effect of a study video, which was created by researchers and devoted to the atherosclerosis development and the effect of statin therapy on atherosclerotic plaque, on adherence to long-term therapy in patients with high or very high risk of cardiovascular complications. Material and methods . 120 patients admitted to hospital with cardiovascular diseases were included in the study. Patients were randomized into 2 groups: in the main group (n=60), the information video edited by the researchers was shown to patients on the eve of discharge, in addition to a printed brochure on lifestyle and diet modification, and in the control group (n=60), patients were given only a standard brochure. The motivating video shows the damage to the cardiovascular system by the atherosclerotic process and the beneficial effect on the body of constant intake of statins. After 1 and 3 months after discharge from the hospital, telephone calls were made, after which the patients had to visit the center for an objective examination by a researcher and control of laboratory parameters. After 1 month, 110 patients visited the center, after 3 months, 98 respondents visited the center. Results. The group with the information video demonstration noted more frequent adherence to medical recommendations compared to the control: after 1 month, 52 (96%) patients continued treatment versus 48 (86%) patients, 3 months after discharge 48 (96%) patients continued treatment versus 38 (79%) patients (p&lt;0.05). After 1 month, 38 (70%) patients in the intervention group continued taking statins versus 29 (43%) respondents in the control group (p&lt;0.05), 3 months after discharge, 40 (80%) patients in the intervention group continued to take statins versus 33 (69%) control patients (p&lt;0.09). Conclusion. Demonstration of a motivating video about the effect of statins on the atherosclerosis course increases patient adherence to medicinal therapy, including adherence to statins.
Scale‐free functional brain dynamics during recovery from sport‐related concussion (2020)

Studies using blood-oxygenation-level-dependent functional magnetic resonance imaging (BOLD fMRI) have characterized how the resting brain is affected by concussion. The literature to date, however, has largely focused on measuring changes in the spatial organization of functional brain networks. In the present study, changes in the temporal dynamics of BOLD signals are examined throughout concussion recovery using scaling (or fractal) analysis. Imaging data were collected for 228 university-level athletes, 61 with concussion and 167 athletic controls. Concussed athletes were scanned at the acute phase of injury (1-7 days postinjury), the subacute phase (8-14 days postinjury), medical clearance to return to sport (RTS), 1 month post-RTS and 1 year post-RTS. The wavelet leader multifractal approach was used to assess scaling ( c<sub>1</sub> ) and multifractal ( c<sub>2</sub> ) behavior. Significant longitudinal changes were identified for c<sub>1</sub> , which was lowest at acute injury, became significantly elevated at RTS, and returned near control levels by 1 year post-RTS. No longitudinal changes were identified for c<sub>2</sub> . Secondary analyses showed that clinical measures of acute symptom severity and time to RTP were related to longitudinal changes in c<sub>1</sub> . Athletes with both higher symptoms and prolonged recovery had elevated c<sub>1</sub> values at RTS, while athletes with higher symptoms but rapid recovery had reduced c<sub>1</sub> at acute injury. This study provides the first evidence for long-term recovery of BOLD scale-free brain dynamics after a concussion.
TLR4 through IFN-β Promotes Low Molecular Mass Hyaluronan-Induced Neutrophil Apoptosis (2010)

Intratracheal administration of low molecular mass (LMM) hyaluronan (200 kDa) results in greater neutrophil infiltration in the lungs of TLR4(-/-) mice compared with that in wild-type mice. In general, enhanced neutrophil infiltration in tissue is due to cell influx; however, neutrophil apoptosis also plays an important role. We have assessed the effects of TLR4 in the regulation of neutrophil apoptosis in response to administration of LMM hyaluronan. We found that apoptosis of inflammatory neutrophils is impaired in TLR4(-/-) mice, an effect that depends upon the IFN-β-mediated TRAIL/TRAILR system. IFN-β levels were decreased in LMM hyaluronan-treated TLR4-deficient neutrophils. The treatment of inflammatory neutrophils with IFN-β enhanced the levels of TRAIL and TRAILR 2. LMM hyaluronan-induced inflammatory neutrophil apoptosis was substantially prevented by anti-TRAIL neutralizing mAb. We conclude that decreased IFN-β levels decrease the activity of the TRAIL/TRAILR system in TLR4-deficient neutrophils, leading to impaired apoptosis of neutrophils and resulting in abnormal accumulation of neutrophils in the lungs of LMM hyaluronan-treated mice. Thus, TLR4 plays a novel homeostatic role in noninfectious lung inflammation by accelerating the elimination of inflammatory neutrophils.
Unsupervised Approach for Selecting Sentences in Query-based Summarization (2008)

When a user is served with a ranked list of relevant doc-uments by the standard document search engines, his search task is usually not over. He has to go through the entire document contents to judge its relevance and to find the precise piece of information he was looking for. Query-relevant summarization tries to remove the onus on the end-user by providing more condensed and direct access to relevant information. Query-relevant summarization is the task to synthesize a fluent, well-organized summary of the document col-lection that answers the user questions. We extracted several features of different types (i.e. lexical, lexi-cal semantic, statistical and cosine similarity) for each of the sentences in the document collection in order to measure its relevancy to the user query. We exper-imented with two well-known unsupervised statistical machine learning techniques: K-Means and EM algo-rithms and evaluated their performances. For all these methods of generating summaries, we have shown the effects of different kinds of features.
Airway Mucus Function and Dysfunction (2010)

Pulmonary defense against environmental injury depends on airway mucus, which traps inhaled toxins that are then cleared from the lungs by ciliary beating and cough. This review examines the normal and abnormal formation and clearance of mucus, as well as the therapy of mucus dysfunction.
Comorbidities and clinical outcomes in adult- and juvenile-onset Huntington’s disease: a study of linked Swedish National Registries (2002–2019) (2022)

This study demonstrates the significant and progressive clinical burden in individuals with HD and presents novel insights into the natural history of JoHD.
Torsional Properties of Fe-0.21w/oC-0.2w/oCu Alloy Neutron-Irradiated at 330341°C (1977)

Click to increase image sizeClick to decrease image sizeKEYWORDS: neutron beamsirradiationtorsional propertiessolution hardeningpearliteferritecementitemechanical radiation effectsradiation dosesiron base alloyscopper additionshigh temperature
A constraint-driven system for contract assembly (1995)

We present an approach for modelling the structure and coarse content of legal documents with a view to providing automated support for the drafting of contracts and contract database retrieval.
Ortholithiation of Anisole by n-BuLi−TMEDA:  Reaction via Disolvated Dimers (1998)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTOrtholithiation of Anisole by n-BuLi−TMEDA: Reaction via Disolvated DimersRoger A. Rennels, Ashok J. Maliakal, and David B. CollumView Author Information Department of Chemistry, Baker Laboratory Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853-1301 Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1998, 120, 2, 421–422Publication Date (Web):January 21, 1998Publication History Received31 July 1997Published online21 January 1998Published inissue 1 January 1998https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja972610dhttps://doi.org/10.1021/ja972610drapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 1998 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2957Altmetric-Citations57LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Isotope effects,Lithiation,Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy,Oligomers,Solvation Get e-Alerts
Tracking visual objects using pyramidal rotation invariant features (2016)

Challenges in object tracking such as object deformation, occlusion, and background variations require a robust tracker to ensure accurate object location estimation. To address these issues, we present a Pyramidal Rotation Invariant Features (PRIF) that integrates Gaussian Ringlet Intensity Distribution (GRID) and Fourier Magnitude of Histogram of Oriented Gradients (FMHOG) methods for tracking objects from videos in challenging environments. In this model, we initially partition a reference object region into increasingly ﬁne rectangular grid regions to construct a pyramid. Histograms of local features are then extracted for each level of pyramid. This allows the appearance of a local patch to be captured at multiple levels of detail to make the algorithm insensitive to partial occlusion. Then GRID and magnitude of discrete Fourier transform of the oriented gradient are utilized to achieve a robust rotation invariant feature. The GRID feature creates a weighting scheme to emphasize the object center. In the tracking stage, a Kalman ﬁlter is employed to estimate the center of the object search regions in successive frames. Within the search regions, we use a sliding window technique to extract the PRIF of candidate objects, and then Earth Mover’s Distance (EMD) is used to classify the best matched candidate features with respect to the reference. Our PRIF object tracking algorithm is tested on two challenging Wide Area Motion Imagery (WAMI) datasets, namely Columbus Large Image Format (CLIF) and Large Area Image Recorder (LAIR), to evaluate its robustness. Experimental results show that the proposed PRIF approach yields superior results compared to state-of-the-art feature based object trackers.
Model-Based Separation in Humans and Machines (2006)

Comparing human performance on source separation with different automatic approaches, and arguing for (a) using models, and (b) concentrating on the content, not the signal per se.
The effect of the Lockit epidural catheter clamp on epidural migration: a controlled trial (2001)

We investigated the efficacy of using the Lockit epidural catheter clamp in preventing epidural catheter migration in patients receiving postoperative analgesia via an epidural infusion after major surgery. Patients were randomly allocated to receive either a standard epidural dressing, a coiled catheter with transparent adhesive dressing and tape (n = 54), or the Lockit epidural catheter clamp (n = 48). There was no movement from the insertion position in 88% of the Lockit group compared with only 28% in the standard group (p < 0.001). Outward migration of > 2 cm occurred in 26% of the standard group compared with just 6% of the Lockit group (p < 0.01). Inward migration of > 1 cm occurred in 17% of the standard group but in none of the Lockit group (p < 0.01). Catheter migration was assessed as being the cause of analgesic failure in 15% of the standard group but in only 4% of the Lockit group (p < 0.05). We conclude that the Lockit epidural catheter clamp significantly reduces catheter migration in a safe and non-invasive fashion.