gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Augmented edit distance based temporal contiguity analysis for improved videotext recognition (2002)

Videotext refers to text superimposed on video frames and it enables automatic content annotation and indexing of large video and image collections. Its importance is underscored by the fact that a videotext-based multimedia description scheme has recently been adopted into the MPEG-7 standard. A study of published work in the area of automatic videotext extraction and recognition reveals that, despite recent interest, a reliable general purpose video character recognition (VCR) system is yet to be developed. In our development of a VCR system designed specifically to handle the low resolution output from videotext extractors, we observed that raw VCR accuracies obtained using various classifiers including kernel space methods such as SVM, are inadequate for accurate video annotation. We propose an intelligent postprocessing mechanism that is supported by general data characteristics of this domain for VCR performance improvement. We describe temporal contiguity analysis, which works independently of the raw character recognition technique and works well even for moving videotext. This novel mechanism can be easily implemented in conjunction with VCR algorithms being developed elsewhere to offer the same performance gains. Experimental results on various video streams show notable improvements in recognition rates with our system incorporating a SVM-based recognition engine and temporal contiguity analysis.
Comparison of Fundus Autofluorescence and Minimum-Motion Measurements of Macular Pigment Distribution Profiles Derived from Identical Retinal Areas (2005)

The optical density of macular pigment was measured at twelve retinal locations in ten subjects by minimum motion photometry, comparing 460 nm with 580 nm or 550 nm. Fundus autofluorescence images were obtained for the same subjects with a scanning laser ophthalmoscope. Optical density was computed from mean calibrated grey-scale values for a central circular field and for annular segments, identical to areas tested psychophysically, and for complete annuli. Psychophysical assessments of optical density were similar irrespective of whether 550 nm or 580 nm was used. Optical density values derived psychophysically showed a linear correlation with assessments based on identical sampled areas of annular segments (slope = 0.98, r 2 = 0.97) or complete annuli (slope = 0.89, r 2 = 0.96) in autofluorescence images.
CADMIUM DOPED LEAD SELENIDE NANORODS FOR TARGETING OF BIOLOGICAL PROCESSES (2012)

Since the early 1980ies chemists and physicists spend a lot of effort to synthesis and characterize semiconductive nanoparticles. The advantages of these nanoparticles over conventional organic dyes are the possibility of broadband excitation and the size depended emission in combination with their photostability. So there is an enormous potential for these fluorescent particles in the investigation of biological processes. To reduce the absorption and the scattering by biological material the excitation as well as the fluorescence in a so called imaging window (700 – 1000 nm) is required. Commonly lead based nanoparticles are used as nearinfrared-emitter. But particles with a suitable bandgap are so small, that they are thermodynamically instable due to their high surface energies. By doping larger particles it is possible to synthesize stable particles with a shift of the emission wavelength towards smaller values. Here we present the synthesis of cadmium doped lead selenide nanorods. The anisotropic shape of our system leads to an increase of absorption cross section and quantum yield. Using a hot injection approach for the synthesis of our lead selenide rods we are able to tune the aspect ratio between 1:2 and 1:6. In an additional reaction step we add a cadmium precursor to our lead selenide nanorods. By varying the amount of cadmium, temperature and reaction time we are able to blueshift the excitation and the emission and increase the quantum yield. In addition, first results for the transfer into an aqueous system using a copolymer will be presented.
Aberrations of Rival Identity Theories (2000)

The modest identity theory recommended in Chapter 5 emerges as the corollary of a proper diagnosis of the mistake made by correspondence theories. Facts are not, as the correspondence theorist supposes, states of affairs which occupy the truthmaking role; they are nothing but true thoughts. The correspondence theorist, transfixed by the idea of truth-making, misconstrues the nature of facts: she looks for correspondence where there can only be identity.KeywordsTrue PropositionCorrespondence TheoristTrue JudgmentFalse PropositionIdentity ThesisThese keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
Synthesis, Characterization and Biological Investigation of New N-Modified Spinorphin Analogs (2022)

The emergence of diverse peptide derivatives has been due to constant efforts to find a specific peptide with pronounced biological activity for effective application as a therapeutic. Spinorphin-peptide products have been reported to possess various applications and properties. In the present study, spinorphin peptides with a rhodamine residue and a modification in the amino acid backbone were synthesized by a solid-phase method using Fmoc chemistry. The results obtained from the spectral and electrochemical techniques used: Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), UV-vis, fluorescence, infrared spectroscopy (IR), and voltammetry were used to elucidate the structural characteristics and some physicochemical properties to gain insight into their behavior in the solid state and in aqueous solutions with different pHs. Both Rh-S5 and Rh-S6 had compound anticonvulsant effect comparable to Rh-S against psychomotor seizures at the highest dose of 20 μg. Furthermore, Rh-S6 showed a strong ability to inhibit seizure propagation and had a similar threshold to Rh-S against the intravenous pentylenetetrazol induced clonic seizure in mice; one of the three hybrid spinorphin analogs tested when screened for anticonvulsant activity. Biological tests against several bacterial pathogens such as Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Bacillus cereus showed similar results to negative control of the new peptide derivatives. The compounds also showed weak activity against Candida albicans fungus. The antioxidant testing results revealed more than 50% activity by reviewing the radical deterrence capabilities of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH). The results are indicative of the ongoing search for universal antimicrobial agents with pronounced synergism when used simultaneously as anticonvulsant, antibacterial, and antifungal agents.
Validation of citrate and derivatives in expressed prostatic secretions to predict prostate cancer: High-resolution 1H-NMR study (2006)

651 Reliable markers for early detection of prostatic cancer which sensitivity/ specificity will be higher than those of PSA (prostatic specific antigen) are desirable. High concentrations of citrate have been reported in vivo in the healthy prostate gland. Quantitative proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-NMR) along with a novel statistical method were utilized to analyze and validate endogenous metabolites in expressed prostatic secretions (EPS) from men with prostate cancer (PCa) and from healthy controls. Flash frozen EPS samples from 66 men (40 with PCa and 26 controls) were analyzed by high-resolution 1H-NMR spectroscopy using a Bruker 500 MHz DRX NMR spectrometer with a 1-mm microprobe. The total number of scans per fully relaxed 1H-NMR spectrum was n=40 with water suppression. Absolute concentrations of endogenous metabolites (citrate, spermine, myo-inositol, lactate, alanine, phosphocholine, glutamate, acetate, hydroxybutyrate) were quantified using trimethylsilyl-propionic acid as an external standard reference. Stepwise multivariable logistic regression (LR) was used to model the risk of PCa based upon the levels of the measured metabolites. The average age of the EPS donors was 54.7 ± 9.8 years. The median Gleason score for the men with PCa was 6 (range 5-9). The Wilcoxon rank sum test indicated that citrate, spermine, inositol, citrate/spermine, and citrate/lactate were all significant predictors of PCa (p
Using transcriptional profiling to develop a diagnostic test of operational tolerance in liver transplant recipients (2008)

A fraction of liver transplant recipients are able to discontinue all immunosuppressive therapies without rejecting their grafts and are said to be operationally tolerant to the transplant. However, accurate identification of these recipients remains a challenge. To design a clinically applicable molecular test of operational tolerance in liver transplantation, we studied transcriptional patterns in the peripheral blood of 80 liver transplant recipients and 16 nontransplanted healthy individuals by employing oligonucleotide microarrays and quantitative real-time PCR. This resulted in the discovery and validation of several gene signatures comprising a modest number of genes capable of identifying tolerant and nontolerant recipients with high accuracy. Multiple peripheral blood lymphocyte subsets contributed to the tolerance-associated transcriptional patterns, although NK and gammadeltaTCR+ T cells exerted the predominant influence. These data suggest that transcriptional profiling of peripheral blood can be employed to identify liver transplant recipients who can discontinue immunosuppressive therapy and that innate immune cells are likely to play a major role in the maintenance of operational tolerance in liver transplantation.
The Rat Adrenal Medulla. II. Proliferative Lesions (1988)

Many strains of rats develop spontaneous or drug-induced adrenal medullary proliferative lesions. However, there is often ambiguity about whether the changes observed are hyperplastic or neoplastic and if the term “pheochromocytoma” is appropriate for the lesion in rodents. Various considerations are presented, and the evolution and morphology of the changes are discussed. The lesions are of practical interest because they have at times impeded drug licensing applications.
B129 NEUROTROPHIC FACTOR CONTENT IN HIPPOCAMPUS AND AMYGDALA CORRELATE WITH CONDITIONED AND UNCONDITIONED FEAR IN C57BL/6 MICE (2005)

1Laboratory of Behavioural Neurobiology, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich (ETH), Schwerzenbach, Switzerland 2NEUROTEC, Division of Experimental Geriatrics, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge University Hospital, Sweden E-mail: [email protected] Abstracts of the 11th Biennial EBPS Meeting
Investigation of the DNA adducts formed in B6C3F1 mice treated with benzene: implications for molecular dosimetry. (1996)

We have investigated the formation of DNA adducts in the bone marrow and white blood cells of male B6C3F1 mice treated with benzene using P1-enhanced 32P-postlabeling. No adducts were detected in the bone marrow of controls or mice treated with various doses of benzene once a day. After twice-daily treatment for 1 to 7 days with benzene, 440 mg/kg, one major (no. 1) and up to two minor DNA adducts were detected in both the bone marrow and white blood cells. The relative adduct levels in these cells ranged from 0.06 to 1.46 x 10(-7). a significant correlation (r2 = 0.95) between levels of adducts in bone marrow and white blood cells was observed. After a 7-day treatment with benzene, 440 mg/kg twice a day, the number of cells per femur decreased from 1.6 x 10(7) to 0.85 x 10(7), indicating myelotoxicity. In contrast, administration of benzene once a day produced only a small decrease in bone marrow cellularity. The observed induction of toxicity in bone marrow was paralleled by formation of DNA adducts. In vitro treatment of bone marrow with hydroquinone (HQ) for 24 hr produced the same DNA adducts as found after treatment of mice with benzene, suggesting that HQ is the principal metabolite of benzene leading to DNA adduct formation in vivo. Using P-postlabeling the principal DNA adduct formed in vivo was compared with N2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2'-deoxyguanosine-3'-phosphate. The results of this comparison demonstrated that the DNA adduct formed in vivo co-chromatographs with N2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2'-deoxyguanosine-3'-phosphate. These studies indicate that metabolic activation of benzene leads to the formation of DNA adducts in bone marrow and white blood cells and suggest that measurement of DNA adducts in white blood cells may be an indicator of biological effect following benzene exposure.
Codeine analogs. Synthesis of spiro[benzofuran-3(2H)4'-piperidines] and octahydro-1H-benzofuro[3,2-e]isoquinolines (1981)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCodeine analogs. Synthesis of spiro[benzofuran-3(2H)4'-piperidines] and octahydro-1H-benzofuro[3,2-e]isoquinolinesWalter H. Moos, Richard D. Gless, and Henry RapoportCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1981, 46, 25, 5064–5074Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1981Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1981https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00338a003RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views801Altmetric-Citations36LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (2 MB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Remediation of Arsenic Contaminated Groundwater (2004)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
OSMOTIC EQUILIBRIUM TREATMENT OF THE PHASE SEPARATION (1990)

Hans Lyklema has made significant contributions to the physical chemistry of colloidal dispersions and macromolecular systems. He also has a vivid interest in the teaching of the fundamental aspects of these subjects. I felt it therefore appropriate to contribute to this volume dedicated to him on the occasion of his 60th birthday a paper which deals both with colloids and polymers and which is largely of a didactic nature. It concerns systems containing colloidal particles and non-adsorbing polymer molecules in a good solvent. As is well known the nonadsorbing polymer gives rise to an attractive potential of mean force between the colloidal particles.l-‘l At sufficiently high concentration of colloidal particles and polymer molecules this attractive interaction induces a phase separation in a colloid-rich phase and a polymer-rich phase.5-‘1 Although undoubtedly the depletion mechanism that has been put forward to explain the attractive potential of mean force is essentially correct, a number of treatments of the accompanying phase separation10*12 are in my opinion not entirely consistent from a thermodynamic point of view. A great deal of attention has been lavished on the calculation of the dependence of the potential of mean force and the thermodynamic functions on the concentration and molecular weight of the free polymer. However, in the subsequent calculation of the phase separation using these thermodynamic functions little or no attention has been given to the obvious fact that after the phase separation the polymer concentration in the two coexisting phases is different and definitely not equal to the overall polymer concentration. Clearly it is not consistent to use the overall polymer concentration in the calculation of the colloid thermodynamic functions if one wants to describe the phase separation in a colloid-rich and a polymer-rich phase. Of course this criticism does not apply to the calculation of the spinoda17 which indicates the limit of stability of an one-phase system, If one wants to formulate the phase separation problem in terms of an effective onecomponent colloid system, one must use as an independent thermodynamic variable the chemical potential of the polymer molecules and not their concentration, since the chemical potential is the same in the two coexisting phases whereas the concentration is not. In this note I want to show that it is indeed possible to formulate the problem in this way using the method of
Report on collected data and resulting methodology for inland shipping (2004)

Deliverable D33 of the ARTEMIS project: Final report for the inland shipping part of work package 900. A review of inland&#13;\nshipping classification is performed and a scheme is chosen for use in the ARTEMIS project. The report describes the model&#13;\ndeveloped for the calculation of energy consumption and emissions from inland shipping. An evaluation of the model is&#13;\nperformed based on full-scale and model towing tank measurements provided by the European Development Centre for Inland&#13;\nand Coastal Navigation. A correlation for the calculation of the specific fuel consumption of engines typically in operation on&#13;\ninland vessels is also described. Example calculations are performed for typical vessels of each class under different conditions.
Micro-Electron Diffraction data from Thaumatin, source of 5k7q structure (2016)

Micro-electron diffraction data from thaumatin
RNomics in Escherichia coli detects new sRNA species and indicates parallel transcriptional output in bacteria (2003)

Recent bioinformatics-aided searches have identified many new small RNAs (sRNAs) in the intergenic regions of the bacterium Escherichia coli. Here, a shot-gun cloning approach (RNomics) was used to generate cDNA libraries of small sized RNAs. Besides many of the known sRNAs, we found new species that were not predicted previously. The present work brings the number of sRNAs in E.coli to 62. Experimental transcription start site mapping showed that some sRNAs were encoded from independent genes, while others were processed from mRNA leaders or trailers, indicative of a parallel transcriptional output generating sRNAs co-expressed with mRNAs. Two of these RNAs (SroA and SroG) consist of known (THI and RFN) riboswitch elements. We also show that two recently identified sRNAs (RyeB and SraC/RyeA) interact, resulting in RNase III-dependent cleavage. To the best of our knowledge, this represents the first case of two non-coding RNAs interacting by a putative antisense mechanism. In addition, intracellular metabolic stabilities of sRNAs were determined, including ones from previous screens. The wide range of half-lives (<2 to >32 min) indicates that sRNAs cannot generally be assumed to be metabolically stable. The experimental characterization of sRNAs analyzed here suggests that the definition of an sRNA is more complex than previously assumed.
Dynamic stage matching for parallel pipeline A/D converters (2003)

Parallel time-interleaved analog-to-digital converters (ADCs) promise very high-speed performance and reasonable power consumption at the expense of silicon area. Unfortunately, timing and transfer function mismatches among the parallel converter channels introduce harmonic distortion, severely limiting the linearity. A new and simple method to reduce the mismatch-induced non-linearity is proposed in this paper for pipeline ADCs. Entire stages of the pipeline are randomly swapped to average out the corresponding offset and gain error mismatches. Detailed behavioral simulations show the effectiveness of the approach in a two-channels 10 bit, 200 MS/s, 9-stage pipeline ADC.
Photophysical investigations of chiral recognition in crown ethers (1980)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticlePhotophysical investigations of chiral recognition in crown ethersPietro Tundo and Janos H. FendlerCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1980, 102, 5, 1760–1762Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1980Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1980https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00525a067https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00525a067research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views262Altmetric-Citations31LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Absorption et distribution de l'acide γ‐linolenique 14C administre par voie percutanee chez le rat et l'homme (1981)

Summary Deficiency of gamma-linolenic acid (gamma-LA), an essential fatty acid (EFA) in animals, provokes cutaneous disorders such as scaly lesions of the skin, acanthosis, loss of elasticity of the skin and irregularities in cutaneous barrier function. These disorders disappear with restitution of EFA. Although the deficiency does not exist in man, EFA could be of interest in cosmetology and dermatology, particularly in the treatment of dryness of the skin and some other cutaneous disorders observed in skin ageing. The efficiency of this treatment depends on an adequate cutaneous absorption of the acids. Experiments were performed with 4%(14)C-gamma-LA incorporated in an O/W emulsion and applied to the skin. Detection of gamma-LA was only in the superficial epidermal structures and in the sebaceous glands, as shown by autoradiography obtained with hairless rat skin sections. On human skin in vitro, by using the stripping technique, very slow diffusion into cutaneous structures was observed during the first 2 hours. Eighteen percent of skin radioactivity was found in Malpighian layers after 8 hours. Permeability constants were measured in vitro with diffusion cells. In hairless rats 18 months old, Kp was 4.6 x 1(-6) cm h'. This value was 31 x 10(-6) cm h-(-1) in rats of the same age deficient in EFA. With human skin, the permeability constant after 24 hours was in the same range as that in normal rats (4.67 x 1C6 cm h(-1)). During this time, 0.5% of gamma-LA was absorbed. In anaesthetized hairless rats, 18 months old, the radioactivity in plasma, liver, kidney, muscular and fatty tissues remained negligeable up to 8 hours after cutaneous administration of gamma-LA. On the contrary, radioactivity was high-Kder the m a of application and increased with time in subcutaneous conjunctive tissue (9 mug/g(-1) after 8 hours) and muscular tissue. These results show the potential importance of the use of gamma-LA in dermatology and cosmetology.