gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
N-acryloyl,N′-cyanoacetohydrazide as a thermal stabilizer for rigid poly(vinyl chloride) (1998)

N-Acryloyl,N′-cyanoacetohydrazide (ACAH) and its complexes with some metal ions have been investigated as thermal stabilizers for rigid poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC). Their stabilizing efficiencies have been measured by the continuous potentiometric determination of the evolved hydrogen chloride gas from the degradation process and by the extent of discoloration of the degraded samples compared with some conventional thermal stabilizers. The efficiency of blending ACAH with conventional thermal stabilizers has been investigated. A probable mechanism for the stabilizing action of ACAH is also proposed. © 1998 SCI.
Free-Space Optical Switch Modules Using Risley Optical Beam Deflectors (2006)

This paper describes new optical switch modules based on Risley optical beam deflectors. The Risley deflector consists of two wedge-shaped prisms and precisely controllable rotation mechanisms. An optical beam can be deflected to the direction of two axes by rotating each prism independently. The deflectors potentially have a self-latching function, which provides a reliable switching operation, and a large-deflection angle of 19.2°, which makes the switch compact. We experimentally confirmed that prototype switch modules, hardware volume: 15×15×31 mm3, deflection angle: <19.2°, have a scalability of the switch up to 256 ports, low-loss characteristics of 1.0–1.5 dB, and switching time of within 6 s.
THE FUTURE DIRECTION OF THE JOURNAL OF TEXTURE STUDIES (2011)

This issue of the Journal of Texture Studies is the second special issue dedicated to the conference “Food Oral Processing – Physics, Physiology, and Psychology” held in Weetwood Hall, Leeds (U.K.) on July 5–7, 2010. As Editor Jianshe Chen mentioned in his editorial for the first special issue, the conference was the first international gathering dedicated to the fundamental understanding of eating and oral sensations. This issue includes articles originating from the oral presentations given during the conference. These two special issues of the Journal of Texture Studies not only represent recent developments in the field of texture studies but also mark important changes we have decided to make to the editorial direction of the journal. First, we have redefined and expanded the scope of the journal to reflect the multidisciplinary research associated with texture and sensory perception and to acknowledge the growing interdisciplinary connections this research has with the allied health industries. An emerging focus on the essential role of oral and brain processes in the perception of texture has evolved from such novel research fields as food physics, oral physiology, sensory psychology, psychophysics and psychorheology. The editorial team strongly endorses these nascent fields of research, and we will work to make the journal central to its dissemination and future development. Second, to ensure that the journal continues to be the primary source of advances in the understanding of food texture and sensory perception, we have invited a number of experts in these emerging research fields to join the journal's editorial board. We are delighted to welcome seven new board members: Stefan Bair, Milena Corredig, Renee de Wijk, Marco Morgenstern, Jason Stokes, Chris Vinyard and Bettina Wolf. We would also like to acknowledge the emereti board members for their past achievements and continued dedication to the Journal of Texture Studies: Malcolm Cornelius Bourne, Alina Surmacka Szczesniak, Philip Sherman, M. Anandha Rao and V.N. Mohan Rao. We are very excited about the future direction of the Journal of Texture Studies, all of which could not be possible without the attention and care that all members of the editorial team and the board, past and present, have given to ensure the journal's continued impact on the fields of texture studies and sensory perception. My gratitude and appreciation – thank you!
The cerebellar transcriptome during postnatal development of the Ts1Cje mouse, a segmental trisomy model for Down syndrome (2004)

The central nervous system of persons with Down syndrome presents cytoarchitectural abnormalities that likely result from gene-dosage effects affecting the expression of key developmental genes. To test this hypothesis, we have investigated the transcriptome of the cerebellum of the Ts1Cje mouse model of Down syndrome during postnatal development using microarrays and quantitative PCR (qPCR). Genes present in three copies were consistently overexpressed, with a mean ratio relative to euploid of 1.52 as determined by qPCR. Out of 63 three-copy genes tested, only five, nine and seven genes had ratios >2 or <1.2 at postnatal days 0 (P0), P15 and P30, respectively. This gene-dosage effect was associated with a dysregulation of the expression of some two-copy genes. Out of 8258 genes examined, the Ts1Cje/euploid ratios differed significantly from 1.0 for 406 (80 and 154 with ratios above 1.5 and below 0.7, respectively), 333 (11 above 1.5 and 55 below 0.7) and 246 genes (59 above 1.5 and 69 below 0.7) at P0, P15 and P30, respectively. Among the two-copy genes differentially expressed in the trisomic cerebellum, six homeobox genes, two belonging to the Notch pathway, were severely repressed. Overall, at P0, transcripts involved in cell differentiation and development were over-represented among the dysregulated genes, suggesting that cell differentiation and migration might be more altered than cell proliferation. Finally, global gene profiling revealed that transcription in Ts1Cje mice is more affected by the developmental changes than by the trisomic state, and that there is no apparent detectable delay in the postnatal development of the cerebellum of Ts1Cje mice.
The immunomodulatory and antitumor activities of trichosanthin-an abortifacient protein isolated from tian-hua-fen (Trichosanthes kirilowii). (1986)

Trichosanthin, a basic protein purified from the root tuber of Trichosanthes kirilowii, has been used effectively in China to induce midterm abortion in humans. In this paper, we show that trichosanthin at non-cytotoxic concentrations markedly inhibited the mitogen-induced lymphoproliferative response and the generation of a primary alloreactive CTL response in vitro. Similarly, the production of IL-2 by Con A activated splenocytes and the in vitro effector functions of macrophages were also significantly suppressed. In contrast, the cytolytic activity of CTL and NK cells was unimpaired. Moreover, the in vivo activation of NK cells was not significantly altered by a single injection of a non-toxic microgram amount of trichosanthin into mice. However, other immune reactivities such as the induction of a DTH response and the humoral antibody formation to SRBC were markedly depressed. Our data suggest that trichosanthin is a potent immunosuppressive protein that could affect humoral immunity and a variety of cell-mediated processes. In addition, our preliminary results show that this abortifacient protein could also inhibit the growth of a murine malignant tumour (MBL-2), both in vivo and in vitro.
Crrep Characteristics of TiC-Mo2C-Ni Cermet Sintered after Nitrification in the Course of Raising Temperature. (1993)

It is known that titanium carbide based cermet containing nitrogen(N) in the form of TA or Ti (C, N) shows excellent creep resistance compared with that of N-free cermet. It is expected that when N-free cermet is nitrified during raising temperature and subsequently sintered, it also shows excellent creep resistance. The object of this study is to clarify the above subject experimentally. It was made clear that the creep characteristics of N-free cermet sintered after nitrification under an adequate condition were superior, as expected, though the N content of nitrified cermet was lower than the value of TiC-TiN-Mo2C-Ni cermet.
Artificial renal and liver support in a severe hepatorenal syndrome of childhood (1992)

This case report describes a special management approach in a child aged 4.5 years with a severe form of hepatorenal syndrome in which the final diagnosis was familial hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (FHL). The patient presented with grade IV hepatic coma and acute renal failure (ARF). While the diagnosis was difficult at the time of admission, as well as during acute treatment, artificial liver support was established for elimination of bilirubin and other metabolic by-products by using charcoal column plasma perfusion (CCPP) and bilirubin-adsorbing resin column plasma perfusion (BRCPP). Serum levels of bilirubin showed a notable decrease after each of the four treatment sessions. Additional artificial renal function replacement by continuous arteriovenous hemofiltration and hemodialysis (CAVH, CAVHD, respectively) had a marked lowering effect on urea and creatinine serum concentrations. Both artificial liver and renal support contributed to the general clinical improvement and survival of the patient. Further experience in these therapies will be needed to establish better prognosis in such fatal or acute similar conditions.
10.2 An FSK plastic waveguide communication link in 40nm CMOS (2015)

Technology scaling has enabled RF-CMOS circuits that operate in the millimeter-wave frequency range (30 to 300GHz) where large bandwidths are available. These bandwidths can be exploited to increase data-rates of wireless communication links. Unfortunately, free-space path loss (FSPL) limits the operating distance of wireless systems at these frequencies. A 5-meter link at 120GHz has an FSPL as high as 88dB. Therefore such wireless links are feasible only with highly directive antennas. This work uses a directive channel instead. At mm-Wave frequencies, the directive channel can be a low-cost plastic fiber or hollow tube, made from PP, PS or Teflon. These directive channels will guide electromagnetic waves with low loss from TX to RX [1-4]. As such, RF communication through a plastic fiber becomes an interesting alternative and complements existing solutions like wireline copper or optical fibers. This paper presents an entire communication link that uses a continuous-phase frequency-shift keying (CPFSK) TX and RX. We report on 120GHz 40nm CMOS TX and RX chips, the connector solution, and the plastic channel. Data-rates up to 12.7Gb/s over 1m, transmission lengths up to 7m at 2.5Gb/s and an energy efficiency of 1.8pJ/b/m for 4m and 7.4Gb/s are achieved for the complete communication link. All these results are for a BER 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-12</sup> . Compared to previous work, measurements also show the link still works for a bending radius of only 25mm, thanks to the selection of a high carrier frequency.
Beneficial effect of camel milk in diabetic nephropathy. (2009)

Diabetic nephropathy is originally microvascular in nature and is widely considered an important complication of diabetes. The present study was carried out to determine the efficacy of camel milk in controlling diabetic nephropathy. Twenty-four type-1 diabetic patients were randomly recruited from the outpatient diabetic clinic in PBM Hospital, Bikaner, India. All subjects gave their written consent before participation in the study. Patients with any acute metabolic complications were not included in the study. Eligible patients entered a run-in period of 1 month in which they were oriented to achieve the best possible glycemic control through standardized diet, standardized exercise regimen and insulin administration. During this period frequent monitoring of blood sugar was performed to maintain euglycemia. At the end of the run-in period, a base line evaluation was performed, then these patients were given camel milk in addition with usual care for six months. Urine microalbumin and blood sugar was measured twice a week before breakfast and dinner. There was a significant improvement in the microalbuminuria (119.48 +/- 1.68 to 22.52 +/- 2.68; p < 0.001) after receiving camel milk for 6 months. A significant reduction in the mean dose of insulin for obtaining glycemic control was achieved (41.61 +/- 3.08 to 28.32 +/- 2.66; p < 0.01). This study was performed to observe the role of camel milk in controlling microalbuminuria levels in type-1 diabetic patients. It was observed that after adding camel milk to the usual regimen an improvement in microalbuminuria was reached (119.48 +/- 1.68 to 22.52 +/- 2.68; p < 0.001). This may be due to good glycemic control or to the direct effect of camel milk. The mechanism behind this effect is still unknown.
Observations on rat spleen reticulum during the development of syngeneic hepatocellular implants. (1986)

August rat hepatocytes isolated by collagenase perfusion were implanted directly into the spleens of syngeneic recipients. Graft development was monitored by a combination of staining techniques and when surviving hepatocytes were difficult to recognize by routine histology, indirect immunofluorescence permitted their rapid identification. Liver cells were found up to 21 months after transplantation, thus confirming the ability of the spleen to support hepatocellular grafts. The reticular framework of the spleen appears to play an important role. The reticulum mesh of the red pulp traps injected cells and there is rapid generation of reticulum fibres around them within 4 days. The subsequent proliferation and organization of liver cells into recognizable hepatic plates, glandular rosettes and acini was accompanied by the development of a rich and distinctive reticular scaffold with a pattern resembling that of regenerating splenic tissue.
Reproducibility of PMR-15 graphite polymide material (1978)

Investigation was made into the reproducibility of PMR polyimide/graphite prepreg reinforcement and the influence of these variabilities on processing characteristics and final composite properties. The purpose of these investigations was to establish specification controls and limits of acceptance/rejection on incoming materials. Prepreg samples were chemically analyzed and the results compared to the processing and property results of the resulting composites. The findings from these comparisons are discussed.
CALIC-a context based adaptive lossless image codec (2002)

We propose a context-based, adaptive, lossless image codec (CALIC). CALIC obtains higher lossless compression of continuous-tone images than other techniques reported in the literature. This high coding efficiency is accomplished with relatively low time and space complexities. CALIC puts heavy emphasis on image data modeling. A unique feature of CALIC is the use of a large number of modeling contexts to condition a non-linear predictor and make it adaptive to varying source statistics. The non-linear predictor adapts via an error feedback mechanism. In this adaptation process, CALIC only estimates the expectation of prediction errors conditioned on a large number of contexts rather than estimating a large number of conditional error probabilities. The former estimation technique can afford a large number of modeling contexts without suffering from the sparse context problem. The low time and space complexities of CALIC are attributed to efficient techniques for forming and quantizing modeling contexts.
Analytical models for artificial dielectrics with non-aligned layers (2017)

We present an analysis of artificial dielectric layers (ADLs), when a lateral shift between layers is present. The alternate lateral displacement of the layers is an important parameter to engineer the desired effective electromagnetic properties of the ADL material. More specifically, much higher equivalent dielectric constants can be realized by alternatively shifting the layers, compared to the aligned case. Closed-form expressions are given for the equivalent layer reactance that include the higher-order interaction between shifted layers. These analytical formulas can be used to design artificial dielectric slabs, as they provide the scattering parameters for generic plane-wave incidence.
Novel Substrate Integrated Waveguide Filters With Mixed Cross Coupling (MCC) (2009)

A new type of substrate integrated waveguide filter with mixed cross coupling (MCC) is proposed, with its mechanism of generating extra transmission zeros using MCC investigated. Less mixed coupling is needed to obtain the same number of transmission zeros in comparison with inline filters, with good agreements obtained between the measured and the simulated S-parameters of the developed filters.
Cell cycle regulation of complex formation at origins of DNA replications (2004)

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Biology, 2004.
2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetate/alpha-ketoglutarate dioxygenases from Burkholderia cepacia 2a and Ralstonia eutropha JMP134. (2001)

2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetate (2,4-D)/alpha-ketoglutarate (alpha-KG) dioxygenase has been purified to apparent homogeneity from Burkholderia cepacia strain 2a, which utilizes 2,4-D as sole carbon source. The enzyme required ferrous ions, and was a homodimer composed of subunits having an Mr of approximately 32,000. The reaction catalysed consumed one mol each of 2,4-D, alpha-KG and dioxygen, with the production of one mol each of succinate, 2,4-dichlorophenol and glyoxylate. Maximum activity was exhibited at pH 7.8 and 25 degrees C, and reactivity was enhanced by the presence of ascorbate and cysteine. Mn2+, Zn2+, Cu2+, Fe3+ and Co2+ were inhibitory, and chemical modification of the dioxygenase revealed that thiol groups were essential for activity. The enzyme was active towards other substituted phenoxyacetates, but reacted most rapidly with 2,4-D. The apparent Michaelis constants for 2,4-D and alpha-KG were 109 and 8.9 microM, respectively. The properties of this enzyme are compared with those of the 2,4-D/alpha-KG dioxygenase from Ralstonia eutropha JMP134, which exhibits a differing N-terminal amino-acid sequence, and a different temperature 'optimum', pH optimum, substrate specificity and sensitivity to thiol-binding reagents.
<title>Observation of sea ice in the Sea of Okhotsk by a laser altimeter</title> (1998)

An airborne laser altimeter using a Nd:YAG laser was constructed to test the usefulness of the laser altimetry in snow and ice regions. The experiments were conducted to measure sea ice in the Sea of Okhotsk off the Hokkaido Island, Japan at winter seasons in 1993 - 1995. Distributions of ice freeboards, mean elevations and ice concentrations were investigated from the data. The mean freeboard was found to correlate very well with the ice concentration. This result shows the possibility of estimating ice amount from the ice concentration and approved the effectiveness of the laser altimetry. A new laser altimeter is being developed to incorporate a beam scanning capability to measure sea ice more effectively. Also discussed in this scanning laser altimeter using a coherent detection technique.
Aluminum equation of state validation and verification for the ALEGRA HEDP simulation code. (2006)

Abstract Not Provided
A novel strain of Bacillus thuringiensis (NCIMB 40152) active against coleopteran insects (1991)

A novel Bacillus thuringiensis strain, NCIMB 40152, was isolated from dead Tenebrio molitor L. larvae. The isolate is endowed with specific insecticide activity against the Colorado potato beetle (Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say), Coleoptera, Crysomelidae), but has no effect against lepidopteran or dipteran insects. During the sporulation process it produces diamond-shaped crystals and small inclusions. Rare flat, square crystals are also produced. The strain can be differentiated from the other reported B. thuringiensis strains active against Coleoptera on the basis of physiological and biochemical tests, flagellar serotype and toxin electrophoretic patterns. NCIMB 40152 toxin is easily extractable from spore/crystal preparations in neutral distilled water without detergents or reducing agents.
Apoptosis of Endothelial Cell Line ECV304 Persistently Infected with Orientia tsutsugamushi (1999)

Endothelial cells are major targets of Orientia tsutsugamushi. To examine the consequences of the infection of endothelial cells with O. tsutsugamushi, we used human endothelial cell line ECV304. Persistent infection was established and infected cultures could be maintained for over seven months without the addition of normal cells. The heavily infected cells became round and floated in the culture medium, harboring large numbers of organisms inside them. Some of the infected ECV304 cells showed features of apoptotic cells, as determined by the terminal deoxytransferase-mediated dUTP nick end-labeling reaction and DNA fragmentation. We also found that O. tsutsugamushi increased transcription of the mRNAs of proinflammatory cytokines such as IL-6 and IL-8. These results show the first evidence of in vitro-persistent infection by O. tsutsugamushi, which may be related to in vivo persistence reported previously.
CeO2-ZrO2-La2O3-Al2O3 composite oxide and its supported palladium catalyst for the treatment of exhaust of natural gas engined vehicles (2009)

合成支持 CeO2-ZrO2-Al2O3 (CZA ) 和 CeO2-ZrO2-Al2O3-La2O3 (CZALa ) 被一起沉淀方法准备。护卫催化剂被受精和他们的纯化能力在模仿的混合气体为 CH4，公司和 NOx 作好准备从在 stoichiometric 状况下面操作的天然气车辆(NGV ) 的 exhaust 被调查。支持和催化剂的物理化学的性质上的 La2O3 的效果被各种各样的技术描绘。有 X 光检查衍射(XRD ) 和拉曼光谱学的描述表明做 La2O3 有效地制止了雏晶粒子的 sintering，在 nanoscale 维持了雏晶粒子并且稳定了在在 1000 ° C 的锻烧以后的水晶阶段。N2 吸附， H2-temperature-programmed 减小(H2-TPR ) 和氧存储能力(振荡) 大小的结果显示 La2O3 改善了组织上合成支持的性质， reducibility 和振荡。活动严峻的结果证明催化剂为甲烷，公司和 NOx 的同时的移动展出优秀活动在模仿用尽气体。在 CZALa 上支持的催化剂为三种污染物质显示出显著热稳定性和催化活动，特别为 NOx。准备的钯催化剂有高能力移开 NOx， CH4 和公司，并且他们能为纯化被用作优秀催化剂从在 stoichiometric 状况下面操作的 NGV 用尽。因为他们的高效和低费用，在这个工作报导的催化剂也在工业申请有重要潜力。
Influence of Ultra-Thin Ge3N4 Passivation Layer on Structural, Interfacial, and Electrical Properties of HfO2/Ge Metal-Oxide–Semiconductor Devices (2019)

We report the effects of the nitride passivation layer on the structural, electrical, and interfacial properties of Ge metal-oxide-semiconductor (MOS) devices with a hafnium oxide (HfO₂) gate dielectric layer deposited on <i>p</i>-type 〈100〉 Ge substrates. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis confirmed the chemical states and formation of HfO₂/Ge₃N₄ on Ge. The interfacial quality and thickness of the layers grown on Ge were confirmed by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. In addition, the effects of post-deposition annealing (PDA) on the HfO₂/Ge₃N₄/Ge and HfO₂/Ge samples at 400 °C in an (FG+O₂) ambient atmosphere for 30 min were studied. After PDA, the HfO₂/Ge₃N₄/Ge MOS device showed a higher dielectric constant (<i>k</i>) of ~21.48 and accumulation capacitance of 1.2 nF, smaller equivalent oxide thickness (EOT) of 1.2 nm, and lower interface trap density (<i>D<sub>it</sub></i>) of 4.9×10<sup>11</sup> cm<sup>-2</sup> eV<sup>-1</sup> and oxide charges (<i>Q<sup>eff</sup></i>) of 7.8×10<sup>12</sup> cm<sup>-2</sup> than the non-annealed sample. The <i>I-V</i> analysis showed that the gate leakage current density of the HfO₂/Ge₃N₄/Ge sample (0.3-1 nA cm<sup>-2</sup> at <i>V<sup>g</sup></i> = 1 V) was half of that of the HfO₂/Ge sample. Moreover, the barrier heights of the samples were extracted from the Fowler-Nordheim plots. These results indicated that nitride passivation is crucial to improving the structural, interfacial, and electrical properties of Ge-based MOS devices.