gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An image processing algorithm for the in-vivo quantification and visualization of septum motion in type III B - aortic dissections with cine magnetic resonance imaging (2009)

Currently, there is no method to predict outcome of endovascular treatment (EVAR) of type III B aortic dissections (TB-AD). A new image processing algorithm is presented for quantifying IS displacement from cine 2D phase contrast magnetic resonance images (2D pcMRI) towards a new classification of TB-AD based on IS mobility. Bulk motion of the true aortic lumen (tAB) center (ALC), maximum, minimum and average displacement of the boundary points composing the IS and tAB excluding the IS were quantified at two locations in one patient. Correlations of the ALC motion and the averaged temporal displacement AD(t) of IS and tAB excluding IS with the aortic flow waveform were calculated. Range of ALC motion was similar in both locations (average 0.56 mm, max 1.37 mm) and correlated with the aortic flow waveform in the abdominal aorta but not the thoracic aorta. Range of displacement of the IS was from 1.27 mm to -1.64 mm (average 0.09 + or - 0.07 mm) in the thoracic aorta, and from 0.38 mm to -3.38 mm (average 0.42 + or - 0.23 mm) in the abdominal aorta. tAB motion excluding the IS was 1.21 mm to 0.84 mm (thoracic, average 0.13 + or - 0.07 mm) and 0.52 mm to -1.88 mm (abdominal, average 0.37 + or - 0.11 mm). AD(t) for IS and tAB excluding the IS both correlated with aortic flow in the abdominal aorta only.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Primary ω‐Phenyl‐ω‐pyridylalkylamines. (1989)

Abstract Reaction of 2‐chloropyridine (I) with the arylacetonitriles (II) forms the arylpyridylacetonitriles (III) which are treated with phthalimidoethyl bromide (IV) to give the coupling products (V).
Comparison of MOCVD Grown GaSb on (001) Si substrates using aspect ratio trapping and interfacial misfit growth methods (2018)

Two approaches to integrate GaSb onto silicon were investigated: interfacial misfit growth of GaSb on GaAs-on-Si templates and GaSb-on-V-grooved Si using the aspect ratio trapping technique. GaSb thin films grown on both substrates were found to be highly relaxed and have comparable crystalline quality. The primary defect generation mechanism in both samples was investigated and discussed.
The Archaeotools project: faceted classification and natural language processing in an archaeological context (2009)

This paper describes 'Archaeotools', a major e-Science project in archaeology. The aim of the project is to use faceted classification and natural language processing to create an advanced infrastructure for archaeological research. The project aims to integrate over 1 x 10(6) structured database records referring to archaeological sites and monuments in the UK, with information extracted from semi-structured grey literature reports, and unstructured antiquarian journal accounts, in a single faceted browser interface. The project has illuminated the variable level of vocabulary control and standardization that currently exists within national and local monument inventories. Nonetheless, it has demonstrated that the relatively well-defined ontologies and thesauri that exist in archaeology mean that a high level of success can be achieved using information extraction techniques. This has great potential for unlocking and making accessible the information held in grey literature and antiquarian accounts, and has lessons for allied disciplines.
Variations in genes regulating tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) to predict outcome of bevacizumab (bev)-based treatment in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC): Results from TRIBE and FIRE3 trials. (2015)

3552 Background: TAMs with the M2-like phenotype are regulated by NF-kB pathway including TBK1, which can influence tumor progression by secretion of proangiogenic factors and tumor promoting cytokines, such as VEGF-A and CCL18. These factors drive tumor angiogenesis, migration and immunosuppression. The CCL2/CCR2 axis, histidine-rich glycoprotein (HRG), PIGF and VEGF play a critical role in the polarization of M1 and M2 phenotypes and the recruitment of TAMs to tumor microenvironment. We hypothesized that genes involved in regulating TAMs may predict outcome of bev-based therapy in patients (pts) with mCRC. Methods: We analyzed genomic DNA extracted from blood or tumor samples of pts receiving bev plus FOLFIRI in 2 prospective trials, using PCR-based direct sequencing. Eleven functional polymorphisms in 7 genes (CCL2, CCR2, HRG, PIGF, NFKB1, TBK1 and CCL18) were tested for associations with clinical outcome in a discovery cohort of 228 pts (male 61%, median age 60, follow-up time 27 months [m]) enrolled in TRIBE (T) trial (NCT00719797), then validated in 244 KRAS exon 2 (KRAS) wild-type (wt) pts (male 69%, median age 64, follow-up time 39 m) enrolled in FIRE3 (F) trial (NCT00433927). 246 pts receiving cetuximab plus FOLFIRI in F served as negative control. Results: TBK1 rs7486100 (A > T) was associated with response rate (RR) and overall survival (OS) in KRAS wt pts of T cohort (n= 95, any T vs A/A: 58 % vs 82 %, p= 0.046; 25.1 m vs 49.1 m, adjusted HR 2.39, p= 0.046, respectively). In F cohort, the association was observed for progression-free survival (any T vs A/A: 10.1 m vs 12.3 m, adjusted HR 1.42, p= 0.047) although there was no statistically association with RR and OS (23.7 m vs 28.6 m, p= 0.15). No polymorphism was established between KRAS mutant of T cohort and F cohort. No association was seen in control. Conclusions: TBK1 rs7486100 is associated with outcome of bev-based chemotherapy in mCRC pts, suggesting that NF-kB signaling may play a critical role in tumor angiogenesis as an independent pathway. Our results also suggest that TBK1 may be a potential biomarker to identify pts benefitting from bev-based treatment.
Photochemical Reaction of 2-Aryl-1,2-benzisoselenazol-3(2H)-ones (1986)

Abstract The photochemical reaction of 2-aryl-1,2-benzisoselenazol-3(2H)-ones (1) in benzene was found to give dibenzo[b,f][1,4]selenazepin-11(10H)-ones (2). On the other hand, the photochemical reaction of 1 in t-butyl alcohol afforded 2-(2-hydroxy-2-methylpropylseleno)benzanilide, 2-(methylseleno)benzanilide, and 2-aryl-1,2-benzisoselenazol-3(2H)-one 1-oxides together with the photoisomer 2. Mechanisms for these reactions are proposed.
Electromechanically Responsive Liquid Crystal Elastomer Nanocomposites for Active Cell Culture (2016)

Liquid crystal elastomers (LCEs) are unique among shape-responsive materials in that they exhibit large and reversible shape changes and can respond to a variety of stimuli. However, only a handful of studies have explored LCEs for biomedical applications. Here, we demonstrate that LCE nanocomposites (LCE-NCs) exhibit a fast and reversible electromechanical response and can be employed as dynamic substrates for cell culture. A two-step method for preparing conductive LCE-NCs is described, which produces materials that exhibit rapid (response times as fast at 0.6 s), large-amplitude (contraction by up to 30%), and fully reversible shape changes (stable to over 5000 cycles) under externally applied voltages (5-40 V). The electromechanical response of the LCE-NCs is tunable through variation of the electrical potential and LCE-NC composition. We utilize conductive LCE-NCs as responsive substrates to culture neonatal rat ventricular myocytes (NRVM) and find that NRVM remain viable on both stimulated and static LCE-NC substrates. These materials provide a reliable and simple route to materials that exhibit a fast, reversible, and large-amplitude electromechanical response.
Degradation of road tested automotive connectors (2000)

The automotive environment is particularly demanding on connector performance, and is characterized by large temperature changes, high humidity and corrosive atmospheres. This paper presents an initial study of connector performance in terms of temperature profiles taken from road vehicles. The temperature profiles are then simulated using empirical relationships to allow prediction of connector performance. Wire harnesses have been investigated to seek evidence of the connector degradation predicted from the temperature data. Initial indications are that the wire harness shows the type of fretting behavior associated with the temperature changes. Evidence of fretting corrosion was found at the contact interface on tin plated terminals from sealed and unsealed connectors.
New perspectives on pancreatic islet glucokinase (1984)

Control of blood sugar involves the complex interaction of the pancreatic glucose-sensing beta-cells with the liver, which serves as the primary site of glucose disposal after a meal. Glucokinase occupies an important role in controlling glucose phosphorylation and metabolism both in the liver and in pancreatic islets. In the beta-cells, glucokinase functions as pacemaker of glycolysis at physiological glucose levels. It determines the unique characteristics of islet hexose usage, that is, the rate, affinity, cooperativity, and anomeric discrimination of glucose metabolism. Because glycolysis controls hexose-induced insulin release, glucokinase is considered the best-qualified candidate for the elusive glucose sensor of beta-cells. A deficiency of glucokinase would disturb glucose homeostasis. Decreased islet glucokinase would diminish islet glycolysis and would result in a higher set point of beta-cells for glucose-induced insulin release. Decreased liver glucokinase would cause less efficient hepatic glucose disposal. Human maturity-onset diabetes (type II diabetes) has these characteristics. It is thus conceivable that certain forms of type II diabetes are due to a glucokinase deficiency.
Emissions of Organic Compounds from Produced Water Ponds (2017)

We measured fluxes of methane, a suite of non-methane hydrocarbons (C2-C11), light alcohols, and carbon dioxide from oil and gas produced water storage and disposal ponds in Utah (Uinta Basin) and Wyoming (Upper Green River Basin) United States during 2013-2016. In this paper, we discuss the characteristics of produced water composition and air-water fluxes, with a focus on flux chamber measurements. In companion papers, we will (1) report on inverse modeling methods used to estimate emissions from produced water ponds, including comparisons with flux chamber measurements, and (2) discuss the development of mass transfer coefficients to estimate emissions and place emissions from produced water ponds in the context of all regional oil and gas-related emissions. Alcohols (made up mostly of methanol) were the most abundant organic compound group in produced water (91% of total volatile organic concentration, with upper and lower 95% confidence levels of 89 and 93%) but accounted for only 34% (28 to 41%) of total organic compound fluxes from produced water ponds. Non-methane hydrocarbons, which are much less water-soluble than methanol and less abundant in produced water, accounted for the majority of emitted organics. C6-C9 alkanes and aromatics dominated hydrocarbon fluxes, perhaps because lighter hydrocarbons had already volatilized from produced water prior to its arrival in storage or disposal ponds, while heavier hydrocarbons are less water soluble and less volatile. Fluxes of formaldehyde and other carbonyls were low (1% (1 to 2%) of total organic compound flux). The speciation and magnitude of fluxes varied strongly across the facilities measured and with the amount of time water had been exposed to the atmosphere. The presence or absence of ice also impacted fluxes.
Low serum antibacterial activity coincides with increased prevalence of shell disease in blue crabs Callinectes sapidus (1994)

We provide epidemiological evidence that shell disease, a very common problem of crustaceans in polluted environments, coincides with low serum antibacterial activity. In commercially important blue crabs Callinectes sapidus from the Albemarle-Pamlico Estuary, North Carolina, USA, we identified potent antibacterial activity which was active against most of the bacteria inhabiting the shell of both clinically normal crabs as well as those with shell disease. Clinically normal blue crabs from riverine sites, presumed to be at high risk for developing shell disease, had as little as one-fifth the antibacterial activity of crabs from more oceanic control sites, which had low prevalence of shell disease. Crabs with shell disease had lower serum antibacterial activity than cohorts without shell disease from the same geographic site. This antibacterial activity may be an important mechanism protecting crabs against shell disease and may be a useful biomarker of blue crab health.
Pristine Graphene Aerogels by Room‐Temperature Freeze Gelation (2016)

Aerogels can be fabricated from pristine graphene exfoliated nanosheets using freeze gelation with nonaqueous solvents and no heat treatment or reduction stage. Solvents are selected that disperse pristine graphene with a melting point above room temperature but with a high vapor pressure above the solid at room temperature, enabling sublimation (freeze drying) under ambient conditions.
α-Synuclein: Membrane Interactions and Toxicity in Parkinson's Disease (2010)

In the late 1990s, mutations in the synaptic protein &#x03B1;-synuclein (&#x03B1;-syn) were identified in families with hereditary Parkinson's disease (PD). Rapidly, &#x03B1;-syn became the target of numerous investigations that have transformed our understanding of the pathogenesis underlying this disorder. &#x03B1;-Syn is the major component of Lewy bodies (LBs), cytoplasmic protein aggregates that form in the neurons of PD patients. &#x03B1;-Syn interacts with lipid membranes and adopts amyloid conformations that deposit within LBs. Work in yeast and other model systems has revealed that &#x03B1;-syn-associated toxicity might be the consequence of abnormal membrane interactions and alterations in vesicle trafficking. Here we review evidence regarding &#x03B1;-syn's normal interactions with membranes and regulation of synaptic vesicles as well as how overexpression of &#x03B1;-syn yields global cellular dysfunction. Finally, we present a model linking vesicle dynamics to toxicity with the sincere hope that understanding these disease mechanisms will lead to the development of novel, potent therapeutics.
Formation of layered titania and zirconia catalysed by surface-bound silicatein (2005)

Silicatein immobilised on self-assembled polymer layers using a histidine-tag chelating anchor group retains its hydrolytical activity for the formation of biosilica, and catalyses the formation of layered arrangements of biotitania and biozirconia.
Long-time dynamics of a hinged-free plate driven by a non-conservative force (2020)

A partially hinged, partially free rectangular plate is considered, with the aim to address the possible unstable end behaviors of a suspension bridge subject to wind. This leads to a nonlinear plate evolution equation with a nonlocal stretching active in the span-wise direction. The wind-flow in the chord-wise direction is modeled through a piston-theoretic approximation, which provides both weak (frictional) dissipation and non-conservative forces. The long-time behavior of solutions is analyzed from various points of view. Compact global attractors, as well as fractal exponential attractors, are constructed using the recent quasi-stability theory. The non-conservative nature of the dynamics requires the direct construction of a uniformly absorbing ball, and this relies on the superlinearity of the stretching. For some parameter ranges, the non-triviality of the attractor is shown through the spectral analysis of the stationary linearized (non self-adjoint) equation and the existence of multiple unimodal solutions is shown. Several stability results, obtained through energy estimates under various smallness conditions and/or assumptions on the equilibrium set, are also provided. Finally, the existence of a finite set of determining modes for the dynamics is demonstrated, justifying the usual modal truncation in engineering for the study of the qualitative behavior of suspension bridge dynamics.
Alignment of 3D-Structures by the Method of 2D-Projections (1999)

The three-dimensional shape of a molecule can be analyzed by considering a series of two-dimensional projections. By comparing projections of two molecules a mechanism for the alignment of three-dimensional structures is derived. The efficiency of this two-dimensional comparison permits a sequential search over alignment space thereby eliminating misconvergence problems that plague many existing automated alignment procedures. Examples of molecular alignment by this method are illustrated together with several variations on the basic procedure. These variations permit a wide variety of structures to be considered. The existence of a reliable and efficient automated alignment methodology has important ramifications for QSAR studies and general chemical informatics.
Metformin Exposure and Risk of Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes (2021)

· Metformin use showed a decreased risk of a hypertension composite.. · Results were consistent in patients without chronic hypertension.. · Metformin may show benefit beyond glycemic control in women with type 2 diabetes..
Bayesian Neural Networks for Internet Traffic Classification (2007)

Internet traffic identification is an important tool for network management. It allows operators to better predict future traffic matrices and demands, security personnel to detect anomalous behavior, and researchers to develop more realistic traffic models. We present here a traffic classifier that can achieve a high accuracy across a range of application types without any source or destination host-address or port information. We use supervised machine learning based on a Bayesian trained neural network. Though our technique uses training data with categories derived from packet content, training and testing were done using features derived from packet streams consisting of one or more packet headers. By providing classification without access to the contents of packets, our technique offers wider application than methods that require full packet/payloads for classification. This is a powerful advantage, using samples of classified traffic to permit the categorization of traffic based only upon commonly available information.
Design for Oxidation Resistance (1997)

Abstract Alloys intended for use in high-temperature environments rely on the formation of a continuous, compact, slow-growing oxide layer for oxidation, and hot corrosion resistance. This article focuses on the issues related to high-temperature oxidation of superalloys used in gas turbine engine applications. It discusses the general methodologies used to evaluate oxidation resistance of materials. The article describes the performance characteristics of superalloys, single-crystal superalloys, and other high-temperature materials such as refractory metals and ceramics. It discusses hot corrosion of superalloys and airfoil degradation due to deposits resulting from ingested particles or sand. The article concludes with a discussion on the limitations of testing techniques and life prediction.
The Family Approach to the Resolution of Racemates (1998)

The resolution of racemates is revolutionized with the method presented here, in which mixtures ("families") of structurally and stereochemically related resolving agents are used to precipitate salts of acidic or basic racemates rapidly and dependably. The racemate is usually separated in a single operation into enantiomers-the enantiomeric excesses and yields are good to excellent. Reagent mixtures with racemic or achiral components have also been developed.
Development Of New Electrodeposited Copper Foil (1996)

SummaryA new copper foil has been developed for the recent trend of higher density and thinner printed circuit boards (PCBs). First, VLP foil with smaller crystal grain size than the conventional copper foil was developed focusing on the fact that the etching speed becomes faster as the crystal grain size becomes smaller.Then, observing the phenomenon which takes place in the etching process from a microscopic point of view, the shiny side (S side) of the VLP foil was uniformly nodulized (treated) to have the best etching characteristics.Thus the new copper foil was developed. This new copper foil was compared with a conventional copper foil for evaluation. It was found that with the new copper foil the etched circuit pattern was excellent with minimal embedded copper in the circuit board and dielectric quality between the lines and layers was high. Therefore, this new copper foil can be expected to meet the demand for higher density and thinner products.
ChemInform Abstract: ENANTIOSELECTIVE SYNTHESIS OF SECONDARY ALCOHOLS IN THE PRESENCE OF CHIRAL LIGANDS (1983)

Abstract Ausgehend vom S‐Prolin (I) werden auf zwei Wegen gemäß dem skizzierten Schema die chiralen Liganden (V) und (IX) dargestellt.
Electrophysiological properties of cardiac myocytes in regenerating zebrafish hearts (2012)

Zebrafish hearts fully regenerate within 30–60 days post‐amputation (dpa) of up to 20% of the ventricle. Lineage studies have shown regeneration is mediated by proliferation of existing myocytes. Genes encoding ion channel proteins undergo transcriptional changes during regeneration suggesting that electrical properties of the heart may be remodeled as part of the regenerative process. In these studies, we isolated myocytes from hearts 7 dpa, a time of peak myocyte proliferation, and characterized their electrical properties by patch clamp. Myocytes from uninjured and 30 dpa hearts had similar Na + , K + and Ca 2+ currents and action potentials. However, 7 dpa myocytes exhibited decreased T‐ and L‐type Ca 2+ current amplitudes and a tendency to generate short duration action potentials. The T‐ and L‐type Ca 2+ channel subunits CACNA1G, CACNA1C and CACN1B have reduced expression at 7 dpa. Our studies are the first to characterize ion channels in regenerating hearts. Reduced Ca 2+ currents and shortened action potentials will reduce cardiac contractile forces, which may be required for regeneration. Changes in myocyte electrical activity and Ca 2+ signaling may also play a role in regulating the regenerative process. Collectively, our studies document that dynamic changes in ion channel activity accompanies the transformation of quiescent myocytes into highly proliferative cardiac cells during regeneration.