gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Mucroporin-M1 Inhibits Hepatitis B Virus Replication by Activating the Mitogen-activated Protein Kinase (MAPK) Pathway and Down-regulating HNF4α in Vitro and in Vivo (2012)

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a noncytopathic human hepadnavirus that causes acute, chronic hepatitis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). As the clinical utility of current therapies is limited, new anti-HBV agents and sources for such agents are still highly sought after. Here, we report that Mucroporin-M1, a scorpion venom-derived peptide, reduces the amount of extracellular HBsAg, HBeAg, and HBV DNA productions of HepG2.2.15 cells in a dose-dependent manner and inhibits HBV capsid DNA, HBV intracellular RNA replication intermediates and the HBV Core protein in the cytoplasm of HepG2.2.15 cells. Using a mouse model of HBV infection, we found that HBV replication was significantly inhibited by intravenous injection of the Mucroporin-M1 peptide. This inhibitory activity was due to a reduction in HBV promoter activity caused by a decrease in the binding of HNF4α to the precore/core promoter region. Furthermore, we confirmed that Mucroporin-M1 could selectively activate mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and lead to the down-regulation of HNF4α expression, which explains the decreased binding of HNF4α to the HBV promoter. Moreover, when the protein phosphorylation activity of the MAPK pathway was inhibited, both HNF4α expression and HBV replication recovered. Finally, we proved that treatment with the Mucroporin-M1 peptide increased phosphorylation of the MAPK proteins in HBV-harboring mice. These results implicate Mucroporin-M1 peptide can activate the MAPK pathway and then reduce the expression of HNF4α, resulting in the inhibition of HBV replication in vitro and in vivo. Our work also opens new doors to discovering novel anti-HBV agents or sources.
Microwave-Assisted Solution Combustion Synthesis of Spinel-Type Mixed Oxides for Esterification Reaction (2016)

Environmentally benign production of biodiesel using heterogeneous catalysts is an important issue that requires the preparation of catalysts with high activity and reusability by a simple procedure. In this study, pure alumina and zinc oxide- and copper oxide-modified alumina were tested for the esterification of oleic acid to its methyl ester. The microwave-assisted solution combustion (MSC) method was used to prepare the catalyst samples that were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infra-red (FTIR), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface area measurement, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The spinel-type zinc aluminate was successfully synthesized, but CuO-modified alumina particles were clearly observed. Whereas in the alumina, much lower activity was observed than the doped alumina, zinc aluminate showed higher activity than copper oxide-alumina due to its smaller particle size, higher BET surface area, larger average pore size, and higher acidity. Finally, after the reaction conditions for the conversion of oleic acid were optimized for the case of spinel ZnAl2O4 as nanocatalyst, a yield of higher than 94% was obtained at 180°C, 9 methanol/oleic acid molar ratio, 3 wt% of catalyst for 6 h. Furthermore, the catalyst deactivation was not observed after four reaction cycles at the optimal reaction conditions, indicating the feasibility of the proposed method for the preparation of industrial catalysts.
Vps13D functions in a Pink1-dependent and Parkin-independent mitophagy pathway (2021)

Defects in autophagy cause problems in metabolism, development, and disease. The autophagic clearance of mitochondria, mitophagy, is impaired by the loss of Vps13D. Here, we discover that Vps13D regulates mitophagy in a pathway that depends on the core autophagy machinery by regulating Atg8a and ubiquitin localization. This process is Pink1 dependent, with loss of pink1 having similar autophagy and mitochondrial defects as loss of vps13d. The role of Pink1 has largely been studied in tandem with Park/Parkin, an E3 ubiquitin ligase that is widely considered to be crucial in Pink1-dependent mitophagy. Surprisingly, we find that loss of park does not exhibit the same autophagy and mitochondrial deficiencies as vps13d and pink1 mutant cells and contributes to mitochondrial clearance through a pathway that is parallel to vps13d. These findings provide a Park-independent pathway for Pink1-regulated mitophagy and help to explain how Vps13D regulates autophagy and mitochondrial morphology and contributes to neurodegenerative diseases.
Transgenic RNA interference ( RNA i)‐derived field resistance to cassava brown streak disease (2012)

Cassava brown streak disease (CBSD), caused by the Ipomoviruses Cassava brown streak virus (CBSV) and Ugandan Cassava brown streak virus (UCBSV), is considered to be an imminent threat to food security in tropical Africa. Cassava plants were transgenically modified to generate small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) from truncated full-length (894-bp) and N-terminal (402-bp) portions of the UCBSV coat protein (ΔCP) sequence. Seven siRNA-producing lines from each gene construct were tested under confined field trials at Namulonge, Uganda. All nontransgenic control plants (n = 60) developed CBSD symptoms on aerial tissues by 6 months after planting, whereas plants transgenic for the full-length ΔCP sequence showed a 3-month delay in disease development, with 98% of clonal replicates within line 718-001 remaining symptom free over the 11-month trial. Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) diagnostics indicated the presence of UCBSV within the leaves of 57% of the nontransgenic controls, but in only two of 413 plants tested (0.5%) across the 14 transgenic lines. All transgenic plants showing CBSD were PCR positive for the presence of CBSV, except for line 781-001, in which 93% of plants were confirmed to be free of both pathogens. At harvest, 90% of storage roots from nontransgenic plants were severely affected by CBSD-induced necrosis. However, transgenic lines 718-005 and 718-001 showed significant suppression of disease, with 95% of roots from the latter line remaining free from necrosis and RT-PCR negative for the presence of both viral pathogens. Cross-protection against CBSV by siRNAs generated from the full-length UCBSV ΔCP confirms a previous report in tobacco. The information presented provides proof of principle for the control of CBSD by RNA interference-mediated technology, and progress towards the potential control of this damaging disease.
Nanopumps without Pressure Gradients: Ultrafast Transport of Water in Patterned Nanotubes (2021)

The extreme liquid transport properties of carbon nanotubes present new opportunities for surpassing conventional technologies in water filtration and purification. We demonstrate that carbon nanotubes with wettability surface patterns act as nanopumps for the ultrafast transport of picoliter water droplets without requiring externally imposed pressure gradients. Large-scale molecular dynamics simulations evidence unprecedented speeds and accelerations on the order of 10<sup>10</sup> g of droplet propulsion caused by interfacial energy gradients. This phenomenon is persistent for nanotubes of varying sizes, stepwise pattern configurations, and initial conditions. We present a scaling law for water transport as a function of wettability gradients through simple models for the droplet dynamic contact angle and friction coefficient. Our results show that patterned nanotubes are energy-efficient nanopumps offering a realistic path toward ultrafast water nanofiltration and precision drug delivery.
Anwendung von Ringerweiterungen zur Herstellung von rac‐Muscon und Exalton® (1975)

Application of Ring Expansions for the Preparation of rac ‐Muscone and Exaltone ® 4,6‐Undecamethylene‐2‐pyrone (8), prepared from 1‐morpholino‐cyclododec‐1‐ene (7) according to Hünig et al. , was saponified and decarboxylated to a mixture of the 3‐methyl‐cyclotetradecenones 11, 12, 13 and 14, which was hydrogenated to 3‐methyl‐cyclotetradecanone (3). Similarly, 4,6‐dodecamethylene‐2‐pyrone (16) was prepared from 1‐morpholino‐cyclotridec‐1‐ene (15) and ketene, saponified to a mixture of the 3‐methyl‐cyclopentadecenones 19, 20, 21 and 22 and the latter hydrogenated to rac‐muscone (6). The ratios of the four regio‐ and stereoisomers in the above mentioned two mixtures of 3‐methyl‐cycloalkenones were derived from the 1 H‐NMR.‐spectra. From the reactions of the enamines 7 and 15 were also isolated small amounts of 4,5‐decamethylene‐ (9) and 4,5‐undecamethylene‐6‐methyl‐2‐pyrone (17) respectively. Saponification and partial decarboxylation of 9 lead to (2‐acetyl‐cyclododec‐1‐enyl)‐acetic acid (23) and methyl‐(2‐methyl‐cyclododec‐1‐enyl)‐ketone (24), the latter possessing an incense‐like odor. The keton homologation method of Mock &amp; Hartman (reaction of alkanones with diazoacetic ester in the presence of triethyl oxonium fluoroborate, followed by saponification and decarboxylation) was applied three times in succession, starting with cyclododecanone (1). This furnished, after the first stage, the cyclotridecanone (4) required for the above described synthesis of rac ‐muscone (6) and, after the third stage, cyclopentadecanone (5 = exaltone ® ). Application of this reaction to 2‐methyl‐cyclododecanone (28) resulted in a low yield of 2‐methyl‐ (30) and 3‐methyl‐cyclotridecanone (31) in the ratio of 2:1.
Indoor Pedestrian Navigation Using Foot-Mounted IMU and Portable Ultrasound Range Sensors (2011)

Many solutions have been proposed for indoor pedestrian navigation. Some rely on pre-installed sensor networks, which offer good accuracy but are limited to areas that have been prepared for that purpose, thus requiring an expensive and possibly time-consuming process. Such methods are therefore inappropriate for navigation in emergency situations since the power supply may be disturbed. Other types of solutions track the user without requiring a prepared environment. However, they may have low accuracy. Offline tracking has been proposed to increase accuracy, however this prevents users from knowing their position in real time. This paper describes a real time indoor navigation system that does not require prepared building environments and provides tracking accuracy superior to previously described tracking methods. The system uses a combination of four techniques: foot-mounted IMU (Inertial Motion Unit), ultrasonic ranging, particle filtering and model-based navigation. The very purpose of the project is to combine these four well-known techniques in a novel way to provide better indoor tracking results for pedestrians.
Analysis of Output Capacitance Co-Energy and Discharge Losses in Hard-Switched FETs (2020)

The important distinction between stored energy and co-energy components of the output capacitance of field-effect transistors (FETs) is not explicitly discussed in the literature, and hence, less understood in relation to the switching losses in power electronic converters. An intuitive and detailed analysis of losses related to these energy components is presented in this work. It is shown that the co-energy component could cause a significant loss in a hard-switched device depending on the nature of circuit topology. A clear connection is established between the recently reported E <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">qoss</inf> loss mechanism in a hard-switched device and the co-energy. Furthermore, contrary to the conventional methods, a simple alternative method is proposed to calculate output-capacitance-related turn-on loss of a hard-switched device. The topology operates in no-load conditions, thus removing the effects of load current from the calculated losses. The method also has the added advantage of decoupling and separately calculating both stored and co-energy components, by a special selection of the complementary device in an inverter leg configuration. The concepts are validated with experimental results for a GaN-HEMT based inverter leg. They enable output-capacitance-related losses in hard-switching circuits to be treated in a more intuitive and straightforward manner.
Design and fabrication of p-channel FET for 1-&amp;#181;m CMOS technology (1982)

A retrograde n-well is shown to be good for 1-µm bulk CMOS technology using n <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">+</sup> polysilicon gates. P-Channel FET's with a threshold voltage of -0.6V fabricated in a retrograde n-well show small short-channel threshold lowering and good turn-off characteristics. In these devices thermally formed TiSi <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> is self-aligned to the shallow (0.3 µm) source/drain region to reduce the sheet resistance to 4 ohms/square. Because contact resistance from TiSi <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> to p <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">+</sup> is a dominant factor in the total parasitic resistance from metal to the FET channels, high surface doping concentration of S/D regions is still preferred.
Domain wall pinning on strain relaxation defects in FePt(001)/Pt thin films (2001)

Thin FePt (001) films, grown by molecular-beam epitaxy on Pt(001), exhibit a very large perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (Ku=5×106 J m−3) and a 100% magnetic remanence in perpendicular field. The lattice misfit between FePt and Pt (1.5%) relaxes through the pileup of a/6 〈112〉 partial dislocations along {111} planes, leading to the formation of microtwins. Atomic force microscopy images demonstrate that this process induces a spontaneous rectangular nanostructuration of the sample, while magnetic force microscopy shows that the microtwins act as pinning sites for the magnetic walls. This leads to square magnetic domains and explains the large coercivity associated with the domain wall propagation.
Wear resistance of indirect composite resins used for provisional restorations supported by implants (2019)

Indirect composite resins are recommended when a provisional implant-supported restoration is required to function in place over a long period. Although only some indirect composite resins showed similar wear resistance to CAD/CAM composite resins, the wear resistance of all the indirect composite resins was higher than that of bis-acryl base provisional and polymethyl methacrylate resins.
Supplementary Figure S1-S11 and Table S1 from Splicing Factor SRSF1 Promotes Pancreatitis and KRAS<sup>G12D</sup>-Mediated Pancreatic Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Figure S1. Elevated SRSF1 induces pancreatitis and is associated with its duration. Figure S2. Elevated SRSF1 predicts poor PDAC clinical prognosis and is associated with PDAC progression. Figure S3. SRSF1 accelerates KRASG12D-mediated PDAC tumorigenesis. Figure S4. SRSF1 loss delays KRASG12D-mediated PDAC initiation. Figure S5. Opposite patterns of pathway enrichment by KRASG12D mutation versus SRSF1 upregulation. Figure S6. Recombination and activation of KrasG12D allele in pancreas cells from KC mice. Figure S7. KSC and KPSC mice exhibit a hyper-activated MAPK pathway, suppression of which diminished SRSF1-induced pancreatitis. Figure S8. Decreased SRSF1 expression perturbs MAPK signaling. Figure S9. MYC promotes SRSF1 expression in PDAC. Figure S10. SRSF1 regulates IL1R1 alternative splicing and expression. Figure S11. Knockout of Il1r1 rescues SRSF1-induced pancreatitis. Table S1. Oligonucleotides for PCR and short hairpin RNAs.&lt;/p&gt;
ChemInform Abstract: Reaction of Coadsorbed Nitric Oxide and Nitrogen Atoms on Rh(111). (1996)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Contribution on tandem mirrors at the University of Tsukuba (GAMMA 6 and GAMMA 10) (1985)

A survey is given of the experimental tandem mirror results obtained at the University of Tsukuba since 1978. The first tandem mirror, GAMMA 6, demonstrated the tandem mirror potential configuration and the validity of the Pastukhov confinement scaling law. GAMMA 10 demonstrated the plug/thermal-barrier potential distribution in axisymmetric end mirrors. The Pastukhov scaling for axial confinement was confirmed and improved radial confinement was observed, indicating the benefit of an axisymmetrized magnetic-field configuration.
3D boundary extraction of the left ventricle by a deformable model with a priori information (2002)

In medical imaging, 3D boundary extraction is a preliminary requisite for a coherent shape analysis of an organ. Deformable objects, like the heart cavities, are often hard to detect because of the artefacts caused by the motion. The authors present a 3D deformable surface model based on a parameterized representation combined with a random process of deformation. The solution is searched for by the minimization of an energy function through simulated annealing. The authors also discuss the introduction of a priori shape information about the object. The boundary extraction algorithm is applied to 3D CT data of a dog's heart.
Reductions in viral load and increases in T lymphocyte numbers in treatment-naive patients with advanced HIV-1 infection treated with ritonavir, zidovudine and zalcitabine triple therapy. (1997)

In order to test the hypothesis that a combination of protease inhibitors with nucleoside analogues-agents known to inhibit different steps of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) life cycle--is likely to prove more effective in reducing viral loads than either of those modalities alone, we performed a 60 week, open-label trial in 32 HIV-positive patients with depressed CD4 T lymphocyte cell counts but no active AIDS-defining illnesses. For the first 2 weeks, patients received 600 mg twice daily of liquid ritonavir, a protease inhibitor; then zidovudine 200 mg three times daily and zalcitabine 0.75 mg three times daily were added to the treatment regimen. Mononuclear blood cell fractions were analysed for infected cell levels, using a co-culture system. HIV-1 RNA in plasma was measured both by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and reverse transcriptase quantitative PCR (QcRT-PCR); lymphocyte counts were determined by standard laboratory methods. In the 2 weeks of ritonavir therapy, both the mean count of infectious blood cells and plasma HIV RNA levels decreased dramatically. Mean CD4 cell counts increased from 173 cells/mm3 at baseline to 286 cells/mm3; CD8 cell counts rose from 951 cells/mm3 to 1,141 cells/mm3. With the introduction of the nucleoside analogues, infectious cell counts and plasma virus dropped another log unit to a nadir at 8 weeks, while CD4 T lymphocyte counts continued to rise slowly. By week 28, 12 patients had withdrawn due to adverse events, none of which were life-threatening. At week 36, infectious material could not be detected in the cells of 10 of the 17 remaining patients; by week 60, four of the seven patients with residual viraemia at week 24 had undergone viral relapse. After the introduction of a more palatable capsule formulation of ritonavir at week 52, infectious cells and plasma virus were undetectable in 50-60% of patients. The combination of protease inhibitors and nucleoside analogues significantly reduces HIV load, and in some patients may suppress viral activity for sustained periods.
Pure luminescence transitions from a small InAs/GaAs quantum dot exhibiting a single electron level (2003)

Pure photoluminescence spectra originating from a single InAs/GaAs quantum dot, which is small enough to possess only one single-electron level, are demonstrated. A symmetric fine structure of the exciton and the biexciton is observed.
PATHOLOGIC ZYMOGEN ACTIVATION IN PANCREATITIS IS DEPENDENT UPON CALCINEURIN ACTIVATION (2006)

Background: The premature activation of digestive proenzymes (zymogens) within the pancreatic acinar cell is an early and critical event during acute pancreatitis. Our previous studies demonstrate that this activation requires a distinct pathologic rise in cytosolic calcium. However, the mechanism of this calcium effect remains unclear. An important target of calcium in acinar cells is the calcium-calmodulin dependent phosphatase calcineurin (PP2B). While PP2B appears to have a role in regulated amylase secretion, its effect on zymogen activation is unknown. Aims: In this study, we examined the role of PP2B in agonist-induced zymogen activation. Methods: In the in vitro model, rat pancreatic acini were isolated by collagenase digestion and then pre-incubated with the PP2B inhibitors, FK506 or cyclosporine A (CsA). Acini were then stimulated with agonists that cause zymogen activation (cholecystokinin (CCK) +/− the cAMP analog, 8-bromo-cAMP). Chymotrypsin and trypsin activities were assayed from cell homogenates. Results: Pretreatment of pancreatic acini with FK506 or CsA reduced supraphysiologic CCK-induced zymogen activation. The reduction was most prominent when cells were co-treated with 8-bromo-cAMP and CCK. Conclusions: These data suggest that PP2B may be an important target of the aberrant cytosolic calcium rise associated with pathologic pancreatic zymogen activation.
Asymmetric C2−C3 Cyclopentannulation of the Indole Ring (2009)

Chiral nonracemic alkynyl(alkoxy)carbene complexes of tungsten(0) undergo the [3 + 2] cyclization toward alpha-methylindoles and 1,6-dimethyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyridine to provide 2,3-indoline-fused cyclopentenone and 2,3-piperidine-fused cyclopentenone skeletons, respectively, with very high enantiomeric purities (96-99% ee).
Series–Parallel Autoregulated Charge-Balancing Rectifier for Multioutput Light-Emitting Diode Driver (2013)

A series-parallel autoregulated rectifying circuit is proposed for a multioutput dc/dc light-emitting diode (LED) driver. The series-parallel autoregulated characteristics balance the charge in the secondary blocking capacitors automatically. Hence, with the proposed rectifier and secondary-side multiwinding transformer, a multioutput LED driver with precise current-sharing capability is achieved even for multiple LED strings with different voltages. The operating principle of the rectifier is analyzed with a sinusoidal current source and is verified with a four-output LLC dc/dc LED driver. This proposed rectifier can be applied to other converters featuring a high-frequency current source link at the primary side.
Principles of palm olein fractionation: a bit of science behind the technology (2007)

Abstract Dry fractionation is a well‐established and versatile fat modification technology that can produce a broad spectrum of edible oils and fats. Due to its specific chemical composition, especially palm oil can be processed by this technology into fractions that serve as salad oils, frying oils, margarine fats. Whereas the first step of this multi‐stage production process is well understood, the edible oil industry all over the world is much more often confronted with problems in the second stage of the process, when the liquid palm olein is further fractionated. The process of palm olein crystallization is indeed a lot more difficult to control. This article therefore elaborately explains the main, fundamental causes for this sensitivity of palm olein during the fractional crystallization. It further discusses which and how components present in refined palm olein can be responsible for process instability and how they affect the quality of the end products on an industrial scale. The article also highlights which novelties and innovation in dry fractionation technology are currently under investigation.