gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Single cell oil (SCO) production by Fusarium species using cheese whey as a substrate (2014)

In this study single cell oil (SCO) production by Fusarium species using deproteinized whey as carbon source was investigated.The total lipid accumulated in the biomass of the fungi examined ranged from 0.1467 to 0.8661 mg lipid per mg wet weight.Gas chromatography analysis of the synthesized microbial lipids from the Fusarium species revealed that the major constituents were palmitic acid (C16:0), palmitoleic acid (C16:1), stearic acid (C18:0), oleic acid (C18:1) and linoleic acid (C18:2).Therefore, the whey medium was found to be effective for promotion of the accumulation of substantial amounts of lipids by Fusarium species.
SLAM-ITseq: Sequencing cell type-specific transcriptomes without cell sorting (2018)

Cell type-specific transcriptome analysis is an essential tool for understanding biological processes in which diverse types of cells are involved. Although cell isolation methods such as fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) in combination with transcriptome analysis have widely been used so far, their time-consuming and harsh procedures limit their applications. Here, we report a novel <i>in vivo</i> metabolic RNA sequencing method, SLAM-ITseq, which metabolically labels RNA with 4-thiouracil in a specific cell type <i>in vivo</i> followed by detection through an RNA-seq-based method that specifically distinguishes the thiolated uridine by base conversion. This method has successfully identified the cell type-specific transcriptome in three different tissues: endothelial cells in brain, epithelial cells in intestine and adipocytes in white adipose tissue. As this method does not require isolation of cells or RNA prior to the transcriptomic analysis, SLAM-ITseq provides an easy yet accurate snapshot of the transcriptional state <i>in vivo</i>.
North American virginian witch hazel (hamamelis virginiana): based scalp care and protection for sensitive scalp, red scalp, and scalp burn-out (2014)

The choice of appropriate hair-care products represents an important aspect in the management of the sensitive scalp and related conditions. With the Erol(®) Energy hair-care products, the advantages of H. virginiana are available for successful treatment of the scalp, especially in the context of problems associated with red scalp, scalp burn-out, and the use of topical minoxidil for androgenetic alopecia.
Investigation of mechanistic aspects of the catalytic CO2 reforming of methane in a dielectric-barrier discharge using optical emission spectroscopy and kinetic modeling (2002)

The CO2 reforming of methane by the combination of catalysts with a dielectric-barrier discharge is investigated as an alternative approach to the conventional pure catalytic process. It is shown that the use of nickel or calcium-promoted nickel catalysts in combination with the discharge leads to an increase in the CO yield of 20 to 40%. The identified products are CO, H2, water, ethane and ethylene, propane, n-butane and methanol. In addition to the experimental investigation, extensive kinetic modeling was performed. Besides a good description of the plasma reactions by a set of 308 reactions and 57 species, the programs used offered the possibility of identifying the main reaction routes towards the different products. To get an insight into the mechanistic aspects of the catalyst–plasma interaction, the gas phase was investigated with optical emission spectroscopy (OES) during the experiment. Special emphasis was placed on the interpretation of differences in the emission spectra from experiments with and without a catalyst in the discharge. A significant difference was observed for the CH A 2Δ–X 2Π band. Therein, the intensity of the signal was proportional to the activity of the catalysts used, in the sense that the CH signal was higher for a more active catalyst. Based on these results, a tentative reaction scheme is proposed that explains the enhancing effects of the catalysts in the CO2 reforming reaction. It starts with the adsorption of methane and methane fragments from the gas phase, followed by their gasification by oxygen and oxygen-containing species supplied by the discharge plasma.
INTERVAL TRAINING FOR CARDIOMETABOLIC AND BRAIN HEALTH (2018)

Apply It! 1. Engaging in interval exercise can boost fitness and improve your mood in a time-efficient manner. 2. Short exercise breaks like climbing the stairs can refocus attention and help maintain productivity in the workplace. 3. Combining interval exercises with motor skill training in a clinical setting can augment the recovery of function.
<title>Color AC plasma displays for high-definition systems</title> (1992)

Large size, full color ac plasma displays with high level gray scale have been demonstrated with live TV video images and computer generated graphics. These memory panels employ a double-substrate high resolution barrier structure and are capable of very high speed operation with high luminosity and high contrast at wide viewing angles. At high sustain frequencies, the memory function is superior to that of monochrome AC-PDPs. The display monitors offer full multimedia capability and can be formulated for stereoscopic viewing. A comparison of the leading direct-view high definition display system (HDS) technologies will be made including both single and double substrate AC-PDPs, DC-PDPs, CRTs and TFT-LCDs. The technologies will be compared on the basis of optical, electrical, physical, and cost characteristics. A summary of the status and challenges facing each technology will be presented. Special emphasis will be given to the various approaches being pursued in the development of color AC-PDPs. A status report on the DARPA/Photonics Imaging color AC- PDP HDS program will be presented.
Improvement of sensitisation of austenitic stainless steel weld metals by laser surface melting treatment: Study of low-temperature sensitisation of austenitic stainless steel weldments and improvement by laser surface melting treatment (3rd report) (1998)

Summary This paper describes an investigation of the application of laser surface melting treatment to sensitised SUS308 stainless steel to improve its intergranular corrosion resistance. The treatment was performed by a CO2 laser processor with a rated power of 2.5 kW. Argon was used as the shielding gas during the laser treatment. The degree of sensitisation was measured by the EPR method. Before laser treatment, the specimens were sensitised at 773 K × 30 ksec to simulate the conditions causing low-temperature sensitisation of stainless steel weld metals. The results show that the sensitised weld metal fully recovers its intergranular corrosion resistance by laser treatment at the higher laser travel speed, whereas an insufficient improvement effect is obtained at the lower speed. The SEM microstructural analysis results suggest that heavily corroded regions occur in the heat affected zone (HAZ) of the following pass during laser treatment at the lower laser travel speed. The TEM microstructural analysis results suggest that chromium carbides causing loss of corrosion resistance in the HAZ of the following laser treatment pass are precipitated at the δ/γ grain boundaries in laser-treated weld metals. These results indicate that chromium carbides are precipitated in the HAZ of the following laser treatment pass at a low cooling rate and that resensitisation occurs through chromium carbides being precipitated during laser treatment. When the laser-treated zone is heat-treated again after laser treatment, resensitisation takes place within a relatively short time. It is concluded that, when δ ferrite occurs in the laser-treated zone, δ ferrite promotes the precipitation of chromium carbides during a thermal cycle of a low cooling rate and heat treatment after laser treatment.
Electrospark Deposition for the Repair of Army Main Battle Tank Components (2006)

Abstract : This report discusses the successful application of electrospark deposition (ESD) to reclaim expensive U.S. Army main battle tank components which had no other means of being repaired. The components included the M1A1 main battle tank cradle (fabricated from AISI 4130 steel, then chrome plated) and the M1A1 helical (sun) gear shaft (chrome-plated AISI 9310). These parts had exhibited large corrosion pits and wear in service. Systems were dead-lined based on the discovery of these anomalies during inspection and the fact that insufficient replacement parts were available. There was no approved repair procedure for these components, and conventional weld repair technologies had been eliminated at Anniston Army Depot (ANAD), AL, to repair large pits. Approximately 8% of the vehicles overhauled at ANAD were defective, and deeply corroded parts were removed from the systems and put in storage. Emphasis of this report is placed upon the ESD process development and qualification.
1,2-Dibromoethane - A Versatile Reagent in Organic Synthesis (2008)

1,2-Dibromoethane (ethylene dibromide) is commonly used as an ‘entrainment reagent’ to chemically activate magnesium in Grignard reagents. It reacts with magnesium to expose a clean, reactive surface capable of converting otherwise unreactive halides into Grignard reagents. [1] It has many advantages over other entrainment agents. It reacts with magnesium to give MgBr2 and ethylene as byproducts and hence does not introduce a second Grignard reagent to the system. 1,2-Dibromoethane is also a useful reagent for activating zinc. [2] [3] This reagent can be used as a source of electrophilic bromine for bromination of carbanions, [4] and also acts as an alkylating agent with many enolates. [5] 1,2-Dibromoethane is a precursor to numerous 1,2-disubstituted ethane derivatives, for example 1,2-ethanedithiol. [6] In addition, it acts as a sacrificial reductant in the conversion of thiocarbonyl compounds to carbonyl compounds, [7] and as an excellent oxidizer in domino carbopalladation-cyclization processes. [8] It was used as a scavenger of lead antiknock agents in gasoline and as a soil fumigant for fumigation of grains and fruits until the early 1980s. It is a useful intermediate in the synthesis of dyes and pharmaceuticals.
Single-cell analysis resolves the cell state transition and signaling dynamics associated with melanoma drug-induced resistance (2017)

Continuous BRAF inhibition of <i>BRAF</i> mutant melanomas triggers a series of cell state changes that lead to therapy resistance and escape from immune control before establishing acquired resistance genetically. We used genome-wide transcriptomics and single-cell phenotyping to explore the response kinetics to BRAF inhibition for a panel of patient-derived <i>BRAF</i><sup><i>V600</i></sup> -mutant melanoma cell lines. A subset of plastic cell lines, which followed a trajectory covering multiple known cell state transitions, provided models for more detailed biophysical investigations. Markov modeling revealed that the cell state transitions were reversible and mediated by both Lamarckian induction and nongenetic Darwinian selection of drug-tolerant states. Single-cell functional proteomics revealed activation of certain signaling networks shortly after BRAF inhibition, and before the appearance of drug-resistant phenotypes. Drug targeting those networks, in combination with BRAF inhibition, halted the adaptive transition and led to prolonged growth inhibition in multiple patient-derived cell lines.
Group testing with unreliable elements (2014)

We consider a generalization of the well-known nonadaptive group testing problem. In our generalization, tests or measurements are performed in the presence of a number of unknown but fixed pretenders, that will, with certain probability be active (pretend as being defective) during any test. We show some simple extensions of the achievability results of group testing tailored for this case.
Nanoglass/sup TM/ E copper damascene processing for etch, clean, and CMP (2001)

The drive for greater integrated circuit performance has led to the need for faster interconnect systems and the development of porous ultra low k dielectrics. The porous structure and lower modulus has made integration a greater challenge. Nanoglass/sup TM/ E is one such spin-on dielectric that has been optimized for this challenge. In this study, Nanoglass/sup TM/ E dielectric copper single level Damascene integration has been successfully demonstrated. Direct CMP tests of Nanoglass/sup TM/ E blanket films have demonstrated damage free polishing with 7 psi downforce.
An Estimation of Online Video User Engagement From Features of Time- and Value-Continuous, Dimensional Emotions (2022)

Portraying emotion and trustworthiness is known to increase the appeal of video content. However, the causal relationship between these signals and online user engagement is not well understood. This limited understanding is partly due to a scarcity in emotionally annotated data and the varied modalities which express user engagement online. In this contribution, we utilize a large dataset of YouTube review videos which includes ca. 600 h of dimensional arousal, valence and trustworthiness annotations. We investigate features extracted from these signals against various user engagement indicators including views, like/dislike ratio, as well as the sentiment of comments. In doing so, we identify the positive and negative influences which single features have, as well as interpretable patterns in each dimension which relate to user engagement. Our results demonstrate that smaller boundary ranges and fluctuations for arousal lead to an increase in user engagement. Furthermore, the extracted time-series features reveal significant ( p &amp;lt; 0.05) correlations for each dimension, such as, count below signal mean (arousal), number of peaks (valence), and absolute energy (trustworthiness). From this, an effective combination of features is outlined for approaches aiming to automatically predict several user engagement indicators. In a user engagement prediction paradigm we compare all features against semi-automatic (cross-task), and automatic (task-specific) feature selection methods. These selected feature sets appear to outperform the usage of all features, e.g., using all features achieves 1.55 likes per day (Lp/d) mean absolute error from valence; this improves through semi-automatic and automatic selection to 1.33 and 1.23 Lp/d, respectively (data mean 9.72 Lp/d with a std. 28.75 Lp/d).
Fundamental Study of Parallel Moduling Scheme Based on a Micro-Optical Bench and Collimating Planar Microlenses (2000)

We have conducted a feasibility study of a parallel moduling scheme based on a collimating guide using planar microlenses. This optical subsystem consists of a stacked planar optical circuit and a micro-optical bench (MOB) for alignment. We measured the coupling loss of microlens collimation and determined that single-mode fiber-to-fiber coupling of approximately 2 dB is possible. We also investigated the optical crosstalk of the collimating optical system using planar microlenses (PMLs), and the crosstalk of less than -70 dB was achieved. As an initial subsystem experiment using vertical cavity surface emitting lasers (VCSELs), we fabricated a VCSEL array (λ=850 nm, I th =1.8 mA at room temperature, CW) and bonded it on a Si MOB.
Sensors + agents + networks = aware agents (2000)

Software agents are being deployed in increasing numbers to help users find and manage information, particularly in open environments such as the Internet. For the most part, they operate independently and are typically designed to be aware only of their users and the environment in which they perform their tasks. Thus, they fail to take advantage of each other's abilities or results. For example, a shopping agent might periodically access several online databases to find the best price for a music CD and then purchase it if the price falls below its user's threshold. Other agents might be tracking prices for the same CD, duplicating each other's work. Similarly, if your agent and an agent for the person in the next cubicle are both browsing the same Web site, two identical data streams arrive on your LAN, using twice the bandwidth actually needed. To be more effective, agents must be aware of each other; therefore, they must acquire models of each other. One way to do this is by exchanging messages. A second form of awareness involves the state of the agent's own environment, including characteristics of the computer on which it is executing and its network connection. A third involves self awareness: knowing its name, age, ontology, goals, areas of expertise and ignorance, and reasoning abilities. Finally, the agent should be aware of its physical environment. The article explains how software agents can develop awareness.
User-Centred Design and Development of an Intelligent Light Switch for Sensor Systems (2019)

The aim of the research was the user-centred design of an intelligent light switch with a focus on the definition of the natural and intuitive gestures for its manipulation, and to develop a multi-touch user interface and smart touch-based light switch that could be integrated into existing home environments and electrical wiring, with or without an existing intelligent system. After usability testing a prototype of the switch was constructed. The touch-panel, as the main interface, gave the users the ability to control one or more individual lights or light groups. The intuitive touch gestures for controlling the lighting were acquired with paper prototypes that were used for testing, and then integrated in the physical prototype. The results show that user-centred design is a valuable method for creating an intelligent touch-based light switch with a good user experience design, with or without a multi-touch user interface, and thus an approach that should be implemented in the development of a smart product.
Replication of Leaf Surface Structures for Light Harvesting (2015)

As one of the most important hosts of natural light harvesting, foliage normally has complicated surface structures to capture solar radiances. Bio-mimicking leaf surface structures can provide novel designs of covers in photovoltaic systems. In this article, we reported on replicating leaf surface structures on poly-(methyl methacrylate) polymers to prompt harvesting efficiencies. Prepared via a double transfer process, the polymers were found to have high optical transparencies and transmission hazes, with both values exceeding 80% in some species. Benefiting from optical properties and wrinkled surfaces, the biomimetic polymers brought up to 17% gains to photovoltaic efficiencies. Through Monte-Carlo simulations of light transport, ultrahigh haze values and low reflections were attributed to lightwave guidance schemes lead by the nano- and micro-morphologies which are inherited from master leaves. Thus, leaf surface bio-mimicking can be considered as a strategic direction to design covers of light harvesting systems.
Soft x-ray polarimetry with the REDSoX Polarimeter and beyond (Conference Presentation) (2019)

The Rocket Experiment Demonstration of a Soft X-ray Polarimeter (REDSoX Polarimeter) is a sounding rocket instrument that can make the first measurement of the linear X-ray polarization of an extragalactic source in the 0.2-0.5 keV band as low as 10%. We employ multilayer-coated mirrors as Bragg reflectors at the Brewster angle. By matching the dispersion of a dispersive spectrometer using critical angle transmission gratings to three laterally graded multilayer mirrors (LGMLs), we achieve polarization modulation factors over 90%. We will describe new prototyping work as well as extensions of the design for an orbital version. This work was supported in part by NASA grants NNX15AL14G and NNX17AE11G to develop the design for a soft X-ray polarimeter.
绿豆环氧化物水解酶在大肠杆菌中的异源过表达及其催化对硝基苯乙烯氧化物为（R）-对硝基苯乙二醇的对映归一性水解 (2015)

从绿豆（Vigna radiata）粉中发现2种天然的环氧化物水解酶（EH），它们均能催化对硝基苯乙烯氧化物（pNSO）的对映归一性水解。本研究利用RT-PCR和cDNA末端快速扩增（RACE）技术从绿豆的cDNA中克隆出VrEH1编码基因，结果发现它与来自大豆（Glycinemax，同源性80％）和蒺藜苜蓿（Medicago truncatula，同源性79％）的2种EH高度同源。
High-Concentration, Surfactant-Stabilized Graphene Dispersions (2010)

A method is presented to produce graphene dispersions, stabilized in water by the surfactant sodium cholate, at concentrations up to 0.3 mg/mL. The process uses low power sonication for long times (up to 400 h) followed by centrifugation to yield stable dispersions. The dispersed concentration increases with sonication time while the best quality dispersions are obtained for centrifugation rates between 500 and 2000 rpm. Detailed TEM analysis shows the flakes to consist of 1-10 stacked monolayers with up to 20% of flakes containing just one layer. The average flake consists of approximately 4 stacked monolayers and has length and width of approximately 1 mum and approximately 400 nm, respectively. These dimensions are surprisingly stable under prolonged sonication. However, the mean flake length falls from approximately 1 mum to approximately 500 nm as the centrifugation rate is increased from 500 to 5000 rpm. Raman spectroscopy shows the flake bodies to be relatively defect-free for centrifugation rates below 2000 rpm. The dispersions can be easily cast into high-quality, free-standing films. The method extends the scope for scalable liquid-phase processing of graphene for a wide range of applications.
Systemic endotoxin induces a robust increase in microglial activation measured with [11C]PBR28 and PET in humans (2015)

468 Objectives We previously demonstrated brain microglial activation from a systemic endotoxin challenge in baboons with [11C]PBR28 and PET [1]. The aim of this study was to measure this effect in humans and to relate the inflammatory response in the periphery and brain to self-reported sickness ratings. Methods Eight healthy male subjects (25±6 y.o., 88±12 kg) participated in two 120 min [11C]PBR28 PET scans on the same day, one before and one 180 min after endotoxin administration (1.0 ng/kg, i.v.). Only high- and mixed-affinity binders for [11C]PBR28 were included [2]. Blood samples were drawn to measure peripheral inflammatory cytokine levels, and sickness ratings (0:least to 4:most) were recorded relative to endotoxin administration (t=0 min) at -10, 60, 90, 120, 180, and 240 min. The 2-tissue compartmental model was used to estimate distribution volume (VT) in several brain regions. The change in VT pre- and post-endotoxin was computed as %ΔVT=[(VT(post) / VT(pre) - 1]*100, averaged across brain regions. Results Endotoxin significantly increased [11C]PBR28 VT 47±18% throughout the brain (p Conclusions Endotoxin robustly increased microglial activation, systemic inflammation and sickness symptoms. This novel approach to measure CNS microglial activation and their association to peripheral inflammation can be used to test the efficacy of neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory drugs. Research Support UCB, K02DA031750
A 113 Gb/s (10 × 11.3 Gb/s) ultra-low power EAM driver array (2014)

An ultra-low power SiGe BiCMOS IC for driving a 10 channel EAM array at 113 Gb/s is presented for WDM-PON applications. The driver array consumes only 2.2 W or 220 mW per channel, 50% below the state of the art.
Proteins from nuclear extracts of two lepidopteran cell lines recognize the ends of TTAA‐specific transposons piggyBac and tagalong (1999)

The transposons piggyBac and tagalong are Lepidopteran transposons that exhibit extreme site-specificity for the tetranucleotide TTAA upon insertion and excise in a characteristic precise fashion, regenerating a single TTAA target site. The precise excision of both piggyBac and tagalong can occur in the absence of factors encoded by either transposon, possibly through the recruitment of host proteins and/or cross-mobilizing transposons. In this report, we utilize mobility shift assays and exonuclease III protection analyses to identify DNA binding activities from IPLB-SF21AE and TN-368 cells that are specific for piggyBac and tagalong-terminal repeats.