gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Super-resolution imaging for the detection of low-energy ion tracks in fine-grained nuclear emulsions (2023)

We propose a new wide-field imaging method that exploits the Localized Surface Plasmon Resonance phenomenon to produce super-resolution images with an optical microscope equipped with a custom design polarization analyzer module. In this paper we describe the method and apply it to the analysis of low-energy carbon ion tracks implanted in a nuclear emulsion film. The result is then compared with the measurements of the same tracks carried out at an electronic microscope. The images set side by side show their close similarity. The resolution achieved with the current microscope setup is estimated to be about 50 nm.
Wave-Energy Conversion Through Relative Motion Between Two Single-Mode Oscillating Bodies (1999)

Wave-energy converters (WECs) need a reaction source against which the wave forces can react. As with shore-based WECs, sometimes also floating WECs react against a fixed point on the seabed. Alternatively, for a floating WEC, force reaction may be obtained by utilizing the relative motion between two bodies. A load force for energy conversion is assumed to be applied only to this relative motion. It is assumed that either body oscillates in one mode only (mostly, the heave mode is considered here). The system, if assumed to be linear, is proved to be phenomenologically equivalent to a one-mode, one-body system, for which the wave excitation force equals the force which is necessary to apply between the two bodies in order to ensure that they are oscillating with zero relative motion. It is discussed how this equivalent excitation force and also the intrinsic mechanical impedance of the equivalent system depend on the mechanical impedances for the two separate bodies, including the radiation impedance matrix (which combines radiation resistances and added masses). The equivalent system is applied for discussing optimum performance for maximizing the absorbed wave energy. It is shown that, for an axisymmetric system utilizing heave modes, it is possible to absorb an energy amounting to the incident wave power on a crest length which equals the wavelength divided by 2π, even though the power take-off is applied to the relative motion only. Moreover, it is shown that it is possible to obtain an equivalent excitation force which exceeds the wave excitation force on either body.
Benefit of mammography screening in women ages 40 to 49 Years. Current evidence from randomized controlled trials (1995)

These results suggest that screening mammography in women ages 40 to 49 years at entry can reduce mortality from breast cancer when combined with adequate follow-up.
A critical review of analogue image processing (1994)

Mead (1989) and co-workers have developed analogue circuit models of several neurobiological systems. Prominent amongst these models is one based upon the outer plexiform layer of the mammalian retina. This model mimics both the logarithmic response and the centre-surround receptive field observed in the retina. Although the analogue circuit was primarily based upon the mammalian retina, these two general features are shared by many and various retinas, including those of the Limulus and the fly. The widespread use of a common information processing strategy suggests that it leads to general benefits, which may also be useful in artificial systems. Our aim is to identify the potential benefits, and difficulties, in employing imaging sensors which share this common strategy. The starting point is the existing silicon retina architectures.
Effects of SO2 and pH Concentration on CO2 Adsorption Capacity in Coal Seams for CO2 Sequestration With Considerations for Flue Gas From Coal-Fired Power Plants (2009)

Abstract Coal-fired power plants produce flue gas consisting mainly of nitrogen (around 79%), followed by CO2 (around 10 - 15%), and small amounts of other gases such as H2, NOx and SO2. One of the promising methods for reducing CO2 emission is CO2 sequestration into deep, unminable coal seams. At present, flue gases exhausted from coal-fired plant must be separated to extract pure CO2 before injecting it into coal seams. In order to enhance the efficiency of carbon capture and storage (CCS) from a coal-fired power plant, oxy-fuel combustion technology has been employed. This technology uses pure oxygen to burn the coal, and consequently CO2 concentration in the flue gas is theoretically increased up to 95%. This study aims to simulate the CH4 replacement mechanism in coal by using pure CO2 and a synthesized flue gas (99% CO2 and 1% SO2) that is similar to the emission gas from the coal-fired power plants. A measurement procedure for gas adsorption is employed which, after establishing methane adsorption equilibrium of the coal samples, injects pure CO2 or the synthesized flue gas into an adsorption cell in order to investigate CH4 replacement properties. Coal samples used for the present experiments were taken from the coal seams of Vietnam, Japan, Australia, China and Indonesia. The samples were crushed to particle sizes ranging from 250 µm to 5 mm. The concentration of gases was taken from the adsorption cell and analyzed by using a gas chromatograph. Adsorption isotherms of CH4, CO2 and SO2 were measured by using the volumetric method apparatus. This paper discusses the characteristics of methane replacement by using pure CO2, the synthesized flue gas and the effect of SO2 on adsorption properties of coal. Introduction Global warming and climate change due to the greenhouse effect continue to be a serious problem. In particular, CO2 emission into the atmosphere from coal-fired power plants needs to be reduced. One of the most promising methods of reducing CO2 emissions is CO2 sequestration in deep, unminable coal seams. The CO2 adsorption capacities of coals were investigated by Huy et al.(1). The results showed that CO2 adsorption was double that of CH4.
Evaluation of pre-existent immunity in patients with primary breast cancer: molecular and cellular assays to quantify antigen-specific T lymphocytes in peripheral blood mononuclear cells. (2003)

Although the clinical relevance of endogenous TAA-specific immunity remains unclear, our findings suggest that patients with primary breast cancer can mount a T cell immune response to their tumor that might be beneficially enhanced by TAA-dependent vaccination strategies in the adjuvant situation.
Scheduling and partitioning for multiple loop nests (2002)

This paper presents the multiple loop partition scheduling technique, which combines the loop partition and prefetching. It can exploit the data locality better than the traditional loop partition, which only focus on a singleton nested loop and loop fusion. Moreover, multiple loop partition scheduling balances the computation and memory loading, such that the long memory latency can be hidden effectively. The experiments shows that multiple loop partition scheduling can achieve the significant improvement over the existed methods.
AVAZ/FAVAZ Analysis to Predict Permeable Fractured Terrigenous Reservoirs Using Full-Azimuth Seismic Data in Local Angle Domain (2019)

Summary This work presents the technology and results of applying full-azimuth seismic data processing in the Local Angle Domain (LAD) in order to study the frequency absorption of reflected signals versus azimuthal direction of incident and reflected rays, to assess fracture permeability zones in an oil field in Western Siberia. Terrigenous (sandstones) of the Jurassic reservoirs are located at great depths and have low porosity and permeability values. In addition, low-amplitude faults influence their distribution and properties, which are poorly allocated when using traditional processing technologies. On the positive side, terrigenous reservoirs of Jurassic age have dual porosity (fracturing plus grain porosity), which makes it possible to use new approaches to predict oil-saturated zones based on LAD processing. This work shows that by using LAD processing together with AVAZ/FAVAZ analysis, it is possible to predict zones of permeable (and as a rule, oil-saturated) fractures in terrigenous sediments. This increases reliability when predicting oil-saturated fractures compared to AVAZ analysis. This work also shows the effectiveness of using the results of AVAZ/FAVAZ analysis with an integrated interpretation of the seismic image and diffractor forming a structural-skeleton (SI-STS) to predict Jurassic terrigenous oil reservoirs.
A qualitative framework for Shannon information theories (2005)

This paper presents a new paradigm for information theory which is a synthesis of Barwise-Seligman's qualitative theory and Shannon's quantitative theory. The new paradigm is best viewed as a meta-theory for Shannon information theories and allows different probability theories, and sub-sequently, new Shannon information theories, to work within a common framework. The resulting Shannon theories conform to a qualitative structure and decorate it with measures of information. This approach is useful for analyzing assurance problems where there the analysis must contend with incomplete and even contradictory information. In particular, the mathematical constructs of the theory allow one to use just about any logic which admits a companion measure theory.
LOW COST PAVEMENT REHABILITATION IN NEW ZEALAND --14TH ARRB CONFERENCE, 28 AUGUST - 2 SEPTEMBER, 1988, CANBERRA, ACT, AUSTRALIA; PROC. PARTS 1 - 8 (1988)

This paper describes the key features of the New Zealand state highway pavement design and rehabilitation manual published in September 1987. Only the calibration of the layered elastic design model, the selection of unbound base and subbase materials and the design chart for thin surfaced flexible pavements are included in the section on pavement design. The paper concentrates on economically optimum rehabilitation strategies which are encouraged through a systematic approach to information gathering and distress diagnosis by way of checklist approach. Low cost alternatives common in New Zealand include insitu lime and cement modification of existing pavements, thin (50 mm) or thick granular overlays, generally followed by two coat chip seal surface dressings and thin (20 mm nominal depth) asphaltic concrete or open graded emulsion mixes. Some other features of the manual are also described including the emphasis on economic appraisal of rehabilitation options (a). For the covering record of the conference, see IRRD no 808936.
Genetic Diversity of Hepatocellular Carcinomas and its Potential Impact on Targeted Therapies (2007)

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most frequent solid tumors worldwide and represents the third cause of mortality among deaths from cancer. It has been extensively studied in terms of genetic alteration in the last 10 years and our knowledge has dramatically increased in this field, leading to the definition of different altered pathways in hepatocarcinogenesis. Recently, a comprehensive study of genetic and transcriptomic alterations in a large series of HCC tumors enabled the identification of a six-group molecular-based classification of HCC, defined by a simple 16-gene signature. This classification is closely related to specific alteration of WNT and AKT oncogenic pathways. Together with the analysis of defined oncogenic proteins, such global classifications could be useful in the prediction of future-targeted therapy efficiency.
Optimization of the aperture and transducers of a three-dimensional ultrasound computer tomography system (2014)

In previous work we optimized the aperture of our 3D Ultrasound Computer Tomography (USCT) system with emphasis on reflection tomography. Based on the promising clinical results with speed of sound and attenuation images, the next generation aperture will be upgraded to contain also optimization for transmission tomography. The main changes to be implemented in aperture, transducers, and transducer arrays are: (1) Overall 3D aperture: due to the shape of the buoyant breast a simpler hemispherical aperture can be applied. (2) The diameter of the aperture will be increased and the diameter of the transducers will be decreased for further homogenization of the illumination. (3) The disjunctive sampling of the transducers will be increased and the transducers will be distributed randomly to enhance the uniformity of transmission tomography. (4) Transducers will be connected both as emitters and receivers to decrease the need for mechanical movement of the aperture.
Cloud storage architecture (2012)

Designing storage architectures for emerging data-intensive applications presents several challenges and opportunities. Tackling these problems requires a combination of architectural optimizations to the storage devices and layers of the memory/storage hierarchy as well as hardware/software techniques to manage the flow of data between the cores and storage. As we move deeper into an era in which data is a first-class citizen in architecture design, optimizing the storage architecture will become more important. Cloud Storage Architecture is major topic in now a day because the data usage and the storage capacity are increased double year by year. So that some of the major companies are mainly concentrated on demand storage option like cloud storage. The existing cloud storage providers are mainly concentrated on performance, cost issues and multiple storage options.
Estudio químico de Ramaria SP. (1990)

Sustancias antibiticas y antitumorales
Estimación polinomial del valor de Shapley (2009)

En este trabajo presentaremos un metodo polinomial para estimar el valor de Shapley
aplicable a una gran cantidad de juegos existentes en la literatura. Este metodo esta
basado en muestreo estadstico y permite garantizar una serie de buenas propiedades para
la estimacion del valor de Shapley. Alguna de estas buenas propiedades son: la insesgadez
(la esperanza matematica de la estimacion coincide con el valor de Shapley); la eciencia
en el reparto (la suma de las estimaciones de los valores de Shapley de todos los jugadores
es igual al valor del juego) y el acotamiento del error cometido (podemos garantizar que
con una probabilidad alta el error cometido es bajo). Por ultimo, se presentaran pruebas
computacionales en algunos juegos clasicos para vericar la velocidad de calculo y la
bondad de la estimacion.
Quantitative Assessment of the Effect of Nitric Oxide Synthase Inhibition on Tumor Vascular Activity Using Dynamic Contrast-Enhanced Computed Tomography (2016)

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to develop a method to quantitatively assess the effect of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibition on tumor vascular activity using dynamic contrast-enhanced computed tomography (DCE-CT) and to investigate its usefulness using animal experiments. Mate-rials and Methods: The DCE-CT studies were performed in anesthetized Fisher rats bearing tumors using a 4-row multi-slice CT. The scanning started 4 s before a bolus injection of iodinated contrast agent (CA) (150 mgI/kg) from the tail vein using an automatic injector and lasted 60 s at 1-s in-tervals. The contrast enhancement (CE) images were generated by subtracting the CT images before and after the administration of CA. First, the DCE-CT studies were performed before and 15, 30, and 45 min after administration of N-nitro-L-arginine (L-NNA) (1, 3, and 10 mg/kg) or vehicle, and the relative CE values were calculated by normalizing the CE image at each time point by that obtained from the first DCE-CT study. Second, we investigated the case when L-arginine (L-ARG) (200 mg/kg) and L-NNA (1, 3, and 10 mg/kg) were administered after the first and second DCE-CT studies, respectively. Third, we investigated the case when L-NNA (1, 3, and 10 mg/kg) and L-ARG (200 mg/kg) were administered after the first and second DCE-CT studies, respectively. Finally, we investigated the case when L-NNA (1, 3, and 10 mg/kg) and L-ARG (200 mg/kg) were administered simultaneously after the first DCE-CT study. Results: The relative CE value significantly decreased after L-NNA administration in a dose-dependent manner (p-values = 0.0074 and <0.0001 for 0 vs. 3 mg/kg and 0 vs. 10 mg/kg, respectively, at 15 min, 0.0003 and <0.0001 for 0 vs. 3 mg/kg and 0 vs. 10 mg/kg, respectively, at 30 min, and 0.0367 and 0.0004 for 0 vs. 3 mg/kg and 0 vs. 10 mg/kg, respectively, at 45 min). When L-ARG was administered prior to the administration of 1 mg/kg L-NNA, the relative CE value at 45 min was significantly higher than that at 15 min. When L-ARG was administered after L-NNA administration, there was no significant difference between the relative CE values at 15 min and 45 min. These results suggest that when using L-NNA in combination with L-ARG, their effect on tumor vascular activity differs depending on the order of their administration. When L-NNA and L-ARG were administered simultaneously, there was a tendency for the relative CE value to be higher than that when only L-NNA was administered, at all injected doses of L-NNA. Conclusion: Our method using DCE-CT is useful for monitoring the effect of NOS inhibition on tumor vascular activity and for determining the optimal injected dose and timing of NOS inhibitors for anticancer therapy.
A Macro- and Nanostructure Evaluation of a Novel Dental Implant (2008)

Success in implant dentistry also comes from the implant macrodesign and nanostructure of its surface. Titanium implant surface treatments have been shown to enhance osseointegration, maximize bone healing, and bone-to-implant contact for predictable clinical results. The aim of the study, was to evaluate the geometric macrodesign and the surface nanostructure of a novel dental implant full contact covering (FCC) obtained by electrochemical procedures. FCC implants were analyzed by scanning electronic microscope, profilometer, and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and compared with commercial sandblasted and sandblasted, large-grit acid-etched dental implants. Sample analysis allowed to distinguish the different implant macrodesigns, the step and the profile of the coils that cover the fixture, and the surface characteristics. FCC implant showed novel macro-characteristic of crestal module, coils, and apical zone compared with sandblasted and sandblasted and acid-etched dental implants. Moreover, the FCC nanostructure surface showed roughness values statistically higher than the 2 other surfaces, with a more homogeneity in a peaks and valleys arrangement. Finally, the x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis detected differences between the examined surfaces, with the presence of several contaminants according to the different treatment procedures. Research on new macrostructures and nano morphology should result in a better qualitative and quantitative osseointegration response, with a predictability of the clinical results and long-term success of the implants.
B-spline signal processing. II. Efficiency design and applications (1993)

For pt.I see ibid., vol.41, no.2, p.821-33 (1993). A class of recursive filtering algorithms for the efficient implementation of B-spline interpolation and approximation techniques is described. In...
Collapse of the Cooper pair phase coherence length at a superconductor-to-insulator transition (2013)

We present investigations of the superconductor-to-insulator transition (SIT) of uniform a-Bi films using a technique sensitive to Cooper pair phase coherence. The films are perforated with a nanohoneycomb array of holes to form a multiply connected geometry and subjected to a perpendicular magnetic field. Film magnetoresistances on the superconducting side of the SIT oscillate with a period dictated by the superconducting flux quantum and the areal hole density. The oscillations disappear close to the SIT critical point to leave a monotonically rising magnetoresistance that persists in the insulating phase. These observations indicate that the Cooper pair phase coherence length, which is infinite in the superconducting phase, collapses to a value less than the interhole spacing at this SIT. This behavior is inconsistent with the gradual reduction of the phase coherence length expected for a bosonic phase-fluctuation-driven SIT. This result starkly contrasts with previous observations of oscillations persisting in the insulating phase of other films implying that there must be at least two distinct classes of disorder-tuned SITs.
Graphene Conductance Uniformity Mapping (2012)

We demonstrate a combination of micro four-point probe (M4PP) and non-contact terahertz time-domain spectroscopy (THz-TDS) measurements for centimeter scale quantitative mapping of the sheet conductance of large area chemical vapor deposited graphene films. Dual configuration M4PP measurements, demonstrated on graphene for the first time, provide valuable statistical insight into the influence of microscale defects on the conductance, while THz-TDS has potential as a fast, non-contact metrology method for mapping of the spatially averaged nanoscopic conductance on wafer-scale graphene with scan times of less than a minute for a 4-in. wafer. The combination of M4PP and THz-TDS conductance measurements, supported by micro Raman spectroscopy and optical imaging, reveals that the film is electrically continuous on the nanoscopic scale with microscopic defects likely originating from the transfer process, dominating the microscale conductance of the investigated graphene film.
Bone loss after liver transplantation (1991)

We studied 35 adult patients (mean age = 43 yr) referred for orthotopic liver transplantation. Spinal bone mineral density was measured by quantitative computed tomography scanning before transplantation (n = 35) and at 3 mo (n = 21) and 12 mo (n = 11) after orthotopic liver transplantation. The readings were corrected to age 50 yr, using the regression equations derived from normal control subjects. Quantitative bone histological studies were performed in 17 patients before orthotopic liver transplantation and 3 mo after orthotopic liver transplantation. Before orthotopic liver transplantation, the corrected spinal bone mineral density in men was 108 +/- 20 mg/cm3, less than in male control subjects (129 +/- 22 mg/cm3, p less than 0.005). In women patients the value was 117 +/- 27 mg/cm3, and in female control subjects 126 +/- 19 mg/cm3 (NS). However, women patients with primary biliary cirrhosis had lower spinal bone mineral density (106.5 +/- 14.8) than female control subjects (p less than 0.005). Histologically, the resorbing surface was near the normal mean, whereas the osteoblast surface, tetracycline surface and bone formation rate was lower in men (p less than 0.05) but not women. Spinal bone mineral density decreased by 24% in the first 3 mo after orthotopic liver transplantation with no further decrease at 12 mo. Five patients had vertebral fractures within 6 mo of orthotopic liver transplantation. One patient fractured a wrist and three had osteonecrosis of the hip or knee.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Three 3-aryl-5-cyanopyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridines (1999)

4-(4-Chlorophenyl)-5-cyano-3-(4-methylphenyl)-6-diphenyl-4,7-dihydro-2Hpyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridine–dimethyl formamide (2/1), 2C26H19ClN4·C3H7NO, (I), 5-cyano-4-(4-methoxyphenyl)-3,6-diphenyl-4,7-dihydro-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridine, C26H20N4O, (II), and 3,4-bis(4-chlorophenyl)-5-cyano-6-phenyl-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridine, C25H14Cl2N4, (III), were prepared from the corresponding 3-amino-5-arylpyrazoles and α-cyanochalcones. NMR solution studies (1H, 13 C, HSQC, HMBC, NOESY) of pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridines, reveal the 2H-tautomers as being preferred in solution (DMSO-d6). X-ray diffraction studies showed that (I) and (II) also have the 2H-tautomeric structures in the crystal structures. (III) is the aromatic crystalline product formed by oxidation of a 2H precusor during re-crystallization. (I) exists as hydrogen-bonded trimers (two pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridine systems and a dimethyl formamide), (II) forms two-dimensional sheets and (III) is a centrosymmetric dimer. A paper discussing the chemistry of the above compounds is being prepared