gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The sensitizing capacity of ginkgolic acids in guinea pigs (1998)

Leaf extracts of Ginkgo biloba taken orally or given by infusion to treat diffuse cerebral disturbances can be considered safe, even when they might contain up to 1,000 ppm of the sensitizing ginkgolic acids.
Cubic-phase-free dispersion compensation in solid-state ultrashort-pulse lasers (1993)

We show that intracavity group-velocity dispersion compensation with the use of prisms composed of conventional optical materials can be accomplished while simultaneously eliminating the round-trip cavity cubic phase. The ability to compensate perfectly both second- and third-order dispersion exists for pulses whose central wavelengths lie within a range that depends on the prism and laser rod materials as well as on the prism angles. In the case of Ti:sapphire and Cr:LiSrAlF(6) lasers, Brewster prisms composed of readily available materials can be used to compensate for both group-velocity dispersion and cubic phase over much of the respective tuning rangers.
Simultaneous tracking of reconnected flux tubes: Cluster and conjugate SuperDARN observations on 1 April 2004 (2008)

Abstract. While the Cluster spacecraft were located near the high-latitude magnetopause, between 11:30–13:00 UT on 1 April 2004, a series of medium to large scale (40 nT, 0.6–1.2 Re) FTEs were observed. During this pass, simultaneous and conjugated SuperDARN measurements are available that show a global flow pattern which is consistent with the expected (mapped) north-west motion of (predominantly sub-solar) reconnected, magnetic flux at the magnetopause. We focus on analysing the local response of three FTEs, tracking their magnetopause motion via the four-spacecraft measurements together with their corresponding ground mapped motions. For two of these FTEs, where the tracking is strongly coordinated with the ionospheric flow at each footprint of the implied flux tubes in the Northern Hemisphere, conditions corresponded to stable, increasing (&gt;100°) clock angle, while the third event, where the correspondence is less strong, coincided with low (&lt;100°) clock angle. Flux tube motion, both measured and modeled from the inferred X-line, qualitatively matches the clear velocity enhancements in ionospheric convections with northward and westward flow at each location in the Northern Hemisphere, measured simultaneously by SuperDARN, and also roughly matches the observed, south-eastward ionospheric flow in the Southern Hemisphere at the time of these events. The time periods of these velocity enhancements infer that the evolution time of the FTEs is about 4–6 min from its origin on magnetopause to its addition to the polar cap. However, the ionospheric response time in the Southern Hemisphere might be 2 min longer for the 12:31 UT FTE (and 6 min longer for the 12:51 UT FTE) than the response time in the Northern Hemisphere.
The AppNL‐F mouse model of Alzheimer’s Disease demonstrates reduced serum Aß42 levels and Aß42/Aß40 ratio, changes that correlate with CSF Aß levels and cerebral Aß42 plaque load (2022)

Abstract Background Recent development of novel assays has made it possible to reliably measure proteins for diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) in blood in addition to cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Previous studies have shown that blood and CSF Aß40 and Aß42 levels correlate in AD patients, and other studies have demonstrated that a reduced plasma Aß42/Aß40 ratio inversely correlates with amyloid burden in the brain (determined by PET). However, more studies are needed to fully understand how these Aß changes in blood correlate with CSF Aß as well as the cerebral Aß plaque load. In this current study, we aim to investigate these associations by the use of a novel knock‐in mouse model, App NL‐F . Method Serum, CSF and brain tissue was collected from 3‐18 months old App NL‐ F knock‐in mice. Levels of serum and CSF Aß40 and Aß42 were analyzed using Simoa Technology (Quantrix). Mouse brain sections were immunostained against Aß42 to determine the cerebral Aß42 plaque load. Result In serum from our App NL‐F mouse model, we found increased levels of Aß40, decreased levels of Aß42 as well as a decreased Aß42/Aß40 ratio with increasing age, particularly after 12 months of age, which was similar in time to the changes observed in CSF. These alterations in serum Aß42 levels and Aß42/Aß40 ratio were associated with the increase of cerebral Aß42 plaque load (R s ‐0.50 and ‐0.51, respectively), which were lower compared to the associations between CSF Aß42 and Aß42/Aß40 ratio with Aß42 plaque load (‐0.71 and ‐0.70, respectively). Conclusion Our results from the App NL‐F knock‐in model, show that decreased serum Aß42 and Aß42/Aß40 ratio are mirroring both the decreased Aß42 and Aß42/Aß40 ratio in CSF as well as correlate with increasing cerebral Aß plaque load. These findings indicate that Aß changes in serum and CSF in the App NL‐F mouse model mirror Aß alterations seen in preclinical AD. Furthermore, these results suggest that changes in Aß42 and Aß42/Aß40 ratio occur simultaneously in serum and CSF and well in concurrent with the deposition of Aß in the brain.
Membrane-associated heparan sulfate is not required for rAAV-2 infection of human respiratory epithelia (2006)

Lack of cell membrane HSPG in pulmonary epithelia and other cell lines results in only moderate decrease in susceptibility to rAAV-2 infection, and this decrease may be less important at high MOIs. Other cell membrane glycosaminoglycans can play a role in permitting attachment and subsequent rAAV-2 internalization. Targeting alternative membrane glycosaminoglycans may aid in improving the efficacy of rAAV-2 for pulmonary applications.
Environment-induced cracking of materials (2008)

Chemistry, mechanics and mechanisms. Modeling environmental attack. Crack growth mechanisms. Hydrogen-assisted cracking and embrittlement. Nonferrous alloys. Iron and nickel based alloys. Ceramics and glasses. Liquid metal embrittlement. History of SCC research. Environment-induced cracking of materials: prediction of stress corrosion cracking. Stress corrosion cracking in LWR environments. Corrosion and cracking of waste package materials. Crack growth in pipeline steels under cyclic loading. SCC and hydrogen embrittlement of pipeline steels. Degradation of materials under in-service conditions. Stress corrosion cracking case studies New test methods for SCC studies.
A guide for integration of proteomic data standards into laboratory workflows (2012)

The development of the HUPO-Proteomics Standards Initiative standard data formats and Minimum Information About a Proteomics Experiment guidelines facilitate coordination within the scientific community. The data standards provide a framework to exchange and share data regardless of the source instrument or software. Nevertheless there remains a view that Proteomics Standards Initiative standards are challenging to use and integrate into routine laboratory pipelines. In this article, we review the tools available for integrating the different data standards and building compliant software. These tools are focused on a range of different data types and support different scenarios, intended for software developers or end users, allowing the standards to be used in a straightforward manner.
Progress in the development of gelling agents for improved culturability of microorganisms (2015)

Gelling agents are required for formulating both solid and semisolid media, vital for the isolation of microorganisms. Gelatin was the first gelling agent to be discovered but it soon paved the way for agar, which has far superior material qualities. Source depletion, issues with polymerase-chain-reaction and inability to sustain extermophiles etc., necessitate the need of other gelling agents. Many new gelling agents, such as xantham gum, gellan gum, carrageenan, isubgol, and guar gum have been formulated, raising the hopes for the growth of previously unculturable microorganisms. We evaluate the progress in the development of gelling agents, with the hope that our synthesis would help accelerate research in the field.
Bis(mercaptoimidazolyl)(pyrazolyl)hydroborato Complexes of Zinc, Cadmium, and Cobalt:  Structural Evidence for the Enhanced Tendency of Zinc in Biological Systems to Adopt Tetrahedral M[S4] Coordination (2000)

The bis(2-mercapto-1-methylimidazolyl)(pyrazolyl)hydroborato derivatives [pzBmMe]2Zn, [pzBmMe]2Co, and [pzBmMe]2Cd have been isolated and structurally characterized by X-ray diffraction. Despite their common [pzBmMe]2M composition, each of these complexes adopts a different structure. Thus, (i) the zinc complex exhibits a tetrahedral Zn[S4] structure in which only the sulfur donors coordinate to zinc, (ii) the cobalt complex exhibits a trigonal-bipyramidal Co[S3NH] structure in which one of the pyrazolyl groups and one of the B-H groups coordinate to cobalt, and (iii) the cadmium complex exhibits a six-coordinate Cd[S4H2] structure in which both B-H groups interact with the cadmium center. These comparisons emphasize that zinc has a greater preference for tetrahedral M[S4] coordination than does either cobalt or cadmium, an observation that is in accord with the prevalent role of zinc in the structural sites of enzymes.
Introduction of Dynamic Pair to Modeling and Kinemato-Dynamic Analysis of Wearable AssistDevices (2019)

In order to enable designing assistive devices/tools which are connected to some part of human body directly or through some attachment parts, such as wearable power-assist suits, joint rehabilitation devices and walking sticks, taking into consideration the deformation of the connection parts and slippage between them, the concept “dynamic pair” is introduced. The dynamic pair is a kinemato-dynamic model of the connection parts between the assist device and human body. By introducing the dynamic pairs to the model of the human-device system, an effective and practical design of the assistive devices will be made possible. Demonstrative examples on the rehabilitation devices and stick walking are shown and discussed.
Hereditary Ovarian Carcinoma (2020)

Ovarian carcinoma is the fourth most common cause of cancer death in women in Western countries. Because of inadequate screening methods and the vague nature of the symptoms, patients present late in the course of the disease and the survival rate is poor. There are no strong environmental risk factors, and after age is controlled for the most important risk factor is a family history of ovarian carcinoma. The effect of a positive family history on a woman's risk of ovarian carcinoma is illustrated in table 1. In this review we focus on the hereditary aspects of ovarian carcinoma.
Sequential streaming of speech sounds under normal and impaired hearing (2017)

Segregating and understanding speech within complex auditory scenes remains a major challenge for hearing-impaired (HI) listeners. This study compared the ability of normal-hearing (NH) listeners and HI listeners with mild-to-moderate loss to segregate sequences of speech tokens, consisting of an unvoiced fricative consonant and a vowel (CV), based on a difference in fundamental frequency (F0) and/or vocal tract length (VTL). The CVs were amplified and spectrally shaped to ensure audibility for the HI listeners. In the streaming task, the CV tokens were concatenated into sequences that alternated in F0, VTL or both. The resulting interleaved sequences were preceded by a “word” consisting of two random syllables. The listeners were asked to indicate whether the word (which varied from trial to trial) was present in the interleaved sequence. The word, if present, occurred either within one sequence or across the alternating sequences. Preliminary results showed no difference in performance between the two groups, suggesting that the listeners with mild-to-moderate sensorineural hearing loss are able to use differences in F0 and VTL to segregate speech sounds in situations where there is no temporal overlap between the competing sounds.
A cephalopod-inspired approach to color changing devices (Conference Presentation) (2020)

Cephalopods possess unrivaled camouflage and signaling abilities that are enabled by their sophisticated skin architecture, wherein multiple layers contain chromatophore pigment cells (which act like color filters, and are part of larger chromatophore organs) and different types of reflective cells called iridocytes (which act like biological Bragg stacks) and leucophores (which act like broadband Lambertian diffusers). The optical functionality of these cells (and thus cephalopod skin) is enabled by subcellular structures, which are partially composed of a class of unusual structural proteins known as reflectins. Herein, we highlight studies that investigate reflectins’ structure-function relationships, particularly within the context of stimuli-induced color changing devices and systems. Specifically, we will discuss the how the self-assembly of these proteins enables the manipulation of their light reflecting properties. In addition, we will discuss the multi-faceted properties of this unique class of proteins (e.g. proton conductivity), challenges in working with them, and the future potential of these proteins. Overall, our findings hold relevance for the development of protein-based optoelectronic technologies.
The history of robotic surgery and its evolution: when illusion becomes reality (2021)

The term "robot" was concepted in the beginning of last century, coming originally from the Czech word "robota", meaning "labor". More recently, computer assistance and robotics based in the telepresence and virtual reality concept have been applied to surgical procedures. The application of robots in surgery dates approximately 35 years, experiencing significant growth in the last two decades fueled by the advent of advanced technologies. Despite its recent and brief status in surgery history, robotic technology has already proven its enhanced visualization, superior dexterity and precision during minimally invasive procedures. Currently, the worldwide diffused and predominant robot system used in surgery is Da Vinci by Intuitive Surgical, however robotic surgery evolution is far from over, with multiple potential competitors on the horizon pushing forward its paradigms. We aim to describe the history and evolution of robotic surgery in the last years as well as present its future perspectives.
Efficient pseudotyping of murine leukemia virus particles with chimeric human foamy virus envelope proteins (1997)

Incorporation of human foamy virus (HFV) envelope proteins into murine leukemia virus (MuLV) particles was studied in a transient transfection packaging cell system. We report here that wild-type HFV envelope protein can pseudotype MuLV particles, albeit at low efficiency. Complete or partial removal of the HFV cytoplasmic tail resulted in an abolishment or reduction of HFV-mediated infectivity, implicating a role of the HFV envelope cytoplasmic tail in the pseudotyping of MuLV particles. Mutation of the endoplasmic reticulum retention signal present in the HFV envelope cytoplasmic tail did not result in a higher relative infectivity of pseudotyped retroviral vectors. However, a chimeric envelope protein, containing an unprocessed MuLV envelope cytoplasmic domain fused to a truncated HFV envelope protein, showed an enhanced HFV specific infectivity as a result of an increased incorporation of chimeric envelope proteins into MuLV particles.
SHOULD MIDDLE-AGED AND OLDER HIGH-RISK HYPERTENSIVE PATIENTS WITH DIABETES BE TREATED TO TARGET BT <130/80 MMHG? (2023)

Objective: Diabetes Mellitus Type-2 (DM2) is common in hypertensive patients, increasing the risk of cardiovascular disease. Current guidelines recommend targeting systolic BP (SBP) to 130 - 139 mmHg in diabetic patients &gt;65 years. We investigated whether the middle-aged and elderly hypertensive DM2 patients in the VALUE Trial had reduced risk of cardiovascular disease and death if SBP was lowered to &lt;130 mmHg. Design and method: Of the 15,245 participants, there were 13,803 patients without cardiovascular events during the first six months after randomization, roll-over from previous medication and up-titration of study drugs. Of these 2,458 patients had left ventricular hypertrophy by electrocardiogram. These patients were excluded from analyses due to increased mortality when SBP is lowered to &lt;130 mmHg (submitted). Of the remaining 11,345 patients, 3,932 had DM2. Cox analyses adjusted for age, gender, and baseline variables compared cardiac and all-cause mortality and other pre-specified endpoints for patients achieving average SBP 130 - 139 mmHg (DM2 group 1,605, non-DM2 group 3,260) and SBP &lt;130 mmHg (DM2 group 600, non-DM2 group 1,546). Reference groups were patients achieving average SBP &gt; = 140 mmHg. Results: Mean age in DM2 patients was 66.9 years. The DM2 group achieving average SBP &lt;130 mmHg did not have significant changes in primary cardiac endpoint, all-cause mortality, or stroke (Table). However, DM2 had lower incidence of reduced kidney function (increase in serum creatinine of 50% compared to baseline, HR = 0.43, p = 0.008). In the DM2 group achieving average SBP 130 - 139 mmHg there were significant reductions in cardiovascular events and kidney function. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that lowering systolic BP &lt;130 mmHg in DM2 has little effect on reducing cardiovascular events compared to systolic BP 130 - 139 mmHg. However, we did find an effect on kidney function. In conclusion, our data suggest that treating middle-aged and elderly DM2 patients &lt;130/80 mmHg can prevent reduction of renal function which is an endpoint of high importance in DM2 patients.
Composition of ginger (Zingiber officinale roscoe) volatile oils from Nigeria (1988)

Abstract The chemical composition of the ginger oils (obtained by hydrodistillation) of fresh and dried rhizomes of Nigerian origin were investigated by means of a combination of column chromatography, high resolution gas chromatography (GC) and GC‐MS. The essential oils contained mainly mono‐ and sesqui‐terpenoids of which geranial, neral, 1,8‐cineole, zingiberene, β‐bisabolene and β‐sesquiphellandrene were the major components. Among the 54 constituents identified, (E)(E)‐α‐farnesene, viridiflorol and (E)(E)‐farnesal have not been found previously in ginger.
The response to prolonged fasting in hypothalamic serotonin transporter availability is blunted in obesity (2021)

Lean men respond to prolonged fasting by increasing hypothalamic SERT availability, whereas this response is absent in men with obesity. Inter-individual differences in the adaptations of the cerebral serotonergic and dopaminergic systems to fasting may, in part, be explained by changes in peripheral metabolic signals of fasting, including FFAs and insulin.
Fluorescently labeled adrenomedullin allows real-time monitoring of adrenomedullin receptor trafficking in living cells (2015)

The human adrenomedullin (ADM) is a 52 amino acid peptide hormone belonging to the calcitonin family of peptides, which plays a major role in the development and regulation of cardiovascular and lymphatic systems. For potential use in clinical applications, we aimed to investigate the fate of the peptide ligand after binding and activation of the adrenomedullin receptor (AM1), a heterodimer consisting of the calcitonin receptor-like receptor (CLR), a G protein-coupled receptor, associated with the receptor activity-modifying protein 2 (RAMP2). Full length and N-terminally shortened ADM peptides were synthesized using Fmoc/tBu solid phase peptide synthesis and site-specifically labeled with the fluorophore carboxytetramethylrhodamine (Tam) either by amide bond formation or copper(I)-catalyzed azide alkyne cycloaddition. For the first time, Tam-labeled ligands allowed the observation of co-internalization of the whole ligand-receptor complex in living cells co-transfected with fluorescent fusion proteins of CLR and RAMP2. Application of a fluorescent probe to track lysosomal compartments revealed that ADM together with the CLR/RAMP2-complex is routed to the degradative pathway. Moreover, we found that the N-terminus of ADM is not a crucial component of the peptide sequence in terms of AM1 internalization behavior.
Abstract 3520: Designing a dendritic cell-targeted immunotherapy for the treatment of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (2022)

Abstract Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is the fourth leading cause of cancer-related death. Low response rate, acquired resistance, severe side effects, highly desmoplastic, and immunosuppressive microenvironment have limited the clinical outcomes of immunotherapy in PDAC. To overcome these hurdles, we set to design novel immunotherapy that would be safe, efficacious, and selective to PDAC. The failure of immunotherapies to yield clinical response in PDAC is partially attributed to the inefficient antigen presentation by dendritic cells (DC) which results in insufficient T cells stimulation despite their expression of tumor-associated antigens (TAA). DC have an important role in the initiation and regulation of the innate and adaptive immune system. By efficient presentation of antigens, DC elicit an antigen-specific immune response. Trp53R172H is among the most common TP53 mutations in human PDAC, and is known as one of PDAC TAA. Despite the poor clinical outcomes, longer survival time was observed in PDAC patients with tumors that express high number of TAA combined with an abundant presentation of CD8+ T cell. To that end, we designed a DC-targeted nanoparticle (NP) containing PDAC Trp53R172H TAA and immune potentiators, with the DC targeting moiety, mannose, that was covalently conjugated to the NP, to enhance TAA presentation on DC. Thus, promote specific activation of T cells against PDAC’s TAA. The therapeutic activity of the NP was evaluated in vitro by our newly established 3D PDAC spheroids model, which composed of freshly isolated murine stromal cells, therefore, better imitates the complex microenvironment found in PDAC in vitro. Along with an in vivo PDAC model, we evaluated the safety profile and therapeutic effect of our NP. The NP proposed herein successfully activated splenocytes and induced a specific cytotoxic reaction against PDAC cells ex vivo, which may result in an improved survival rate. Citation Format: Daniella Vaskovich-Koubi, Ron kleiner, Anat Eldar-Boock, Sabina Pozzi, Dikla Dikla Ben-Shushan, Helena F. Florindo, Ronit Satchi-Fainaro. Designing a dendritic cell-targeted immunotherapy for the treatment of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2022; 2022 Apr 8-13. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(12_Suppl):Abstract nr 3520.
ChemInform Abstract: An Oxidative Intramolecular Phenolic Coupling Reaction for the Synthesis of Amaryllidaceae Alkaloids Using a Hypervalent Iodine(III) Reagent. (1997)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
DPIX, an assembly of 6400 CdTe detectors for gamma-ray bursts detection with ECLAIRs (2008)

The French instrument ECLAIRs, to be part of the French and Chinese SVOM mission for the study of gamma-ray bursts (GRBs), will detect bursts between 4 and 250 keV. Its detector plane is an assembly of 200 elementary detection modules (XRDPIX) equipped with 32 Schottky CdTe detectors, produced by ACRORAD in Japan. The innovative concept of XRDPIX will enable a 4 keV low-energy threshold to be achieved. After introducing the SVOM payload, the ECLAIRs instrument and its detector plane, this paper presents the results of the performance evaluation of a first set of 500 detectors, and briefly describes the tests foreseen for the first XRDPIX prototypes.