gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Nuclear magnetic resonance imaging of the kidney. (1984)

A pilot study was carried out in order to determine the possible applications of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) imaging in the diagnosis of renal disease. 22 patients with various benign and malignant tumors as well as renal parenchymal disease and chronic rejection in transplant kidneys were studied with a Philips resistive prototype scanner and the superconducting Gyroscan S5. Contrast resolution and therefore tissue differentiation are excellent. A hemorrhagic cyst can be differentiated from a simple cyst. Diffuse and patchy parenchymal changes are diagnosed in an objective and quantitative way. Lesions as small as 1 cm are easily detected and NMR is potentially more accurate than X-ray CT in the local staging of renal cell carcinoma. A disadvantage is the inability to detect calcifications. We conclude that NMR is a highly sensitive modality and appears to be more specific than X-ray CT and ultrasound.
Automatic, reference-free and conformity-oriented evaluation and interpretation of CT-models (2015)

This paper presents a novel software tool for the evaluation of the CT-reconstructed models that offers automatic conformity evaluation and interpretation without any reference models. The evaluation of the reconstructed models typically involves their comparison with their predefined reference geometries and includes the following steps: object scanning, suitable format conversion, registration with the reference geometry and final comparison based on the difference between the closest point pairs. However, this approach requires a predefined reference geometry, it does not give information about the models' form, position and geometrical tolerances, and it provides results that are not easily interpretable. Our proposed software tool for evaluation addresses the mentioned problems. It includes four different conformity tests: flatness, orthogonality, roundness and coaxiality, applied on three different test objects: cube, cube with cylindrical bore and cone. Evaluation for each object is carried out by a simple function call only with a corresponding model as an input. Its result is a single grade according to the predefined classification. After the process description, a demonstration and straight-forward interpretation of the evaluation tool usage is presented on three test objects.
CRT RSA decryption: Modular exponentiation based solely on Montgomery Multiplication (2015)

An innovative hardware design is proposed to perform modular exponentiation using only Montgomery Multiplication for CRT RSA decryption. The same hardware used to perform exponentiation is also used to perform conversions. The proposed algorithm is described and provided a versatile hardware implementation. When compared to the classical sequential Radix-2 MM architecture from which it was derived, the new RSA architecture shows 44% average reduction in the energy consumption. The efficient design proposed is shown through an experimental synthesis with a 90nm CMOS technology. The results are compared with the state-of-art in the RSA 1024-bit implementations using non-RNS solutions.
Efficient Picosecond Pulse Shaping by Programmable Bragg Gratings (2006)

We propose an efficient approach for arbitrary optical pulse shaping in the subhundred to a few hundreds picosecond regime. The designed device uses one-dimensional wave-guided Bragg gratings filled with an electrically controlled dielectric. One hundred electrodes are attached along the waveguide so that the refractive index pattern is programmable by applying voltages. The frequency response of this device with certain refractive index patterns is analyzed. Numerical simulations show that output pulses with desired shapes and high efficiency (>40% of theoretical maximum) can be obtained by using a genetic algorithm searching method augmented by an adiabatic following optimization scheme
An activating mutation in the CSF3R gene induces a hereditary chronic neutrophilia (2009)

We identify an autosomal mutation in the CSF3R gene in a family with a chronic neutrophilia. This T617N mutation energetically favors dimerization of the granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) receptor transmembrane domain, and thus, strongly promotes constitutive activation of the receptor and hypersensitivity to G-CSF for proliferation and differentiation, which ultimately leads to chronic neutrophilia. Mutant hematopoietic stem cells yield a myeloproliferative-like disorder in xenotransplantation and syngenic mouse bone marrow engraftment assays. The survey of 12 affected individuals during three generations indicates that only one patient had a myelodysplastic syndrome. Our data thus indicate that mutations in the CSF3R gene can be responsible for hereditary neutrophilia mimicking a myeloproliferative disorder.
Lack of an Effect of High Dose Isoflavones in Men With Prostate Cancer Undergoing Androgen Deprivation Therapy (2009)

This pilot study of high dose isoflavones in androgen deprived men showed no significant improvement in cognition, vasomotor symptoms or any other aspect of quality of life measures compared to placebo. Future studies should use variable doses of isoflavones for a longer period before ruling out beneficial isoflavone effects in this population.
Accumulation of Gold Nanoparticles inBrassic Juncea (2007)

Enzymatic digestion is proposed as a method for concentrating gold nanoparticles produced in plants. The mild conditions of digestion are used in order to avoid an increase in the gold particle size, which would occur with a high-temperature process, so that material suitable for catalysis may be produced. Gold nanoparticles of a 5-50-nm diameter, as revealed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), at concentrations 760 and 1120 ppm Au, were produced within Brassica juncea grown on soil with 22-48 mg Au kg(-1). X-ray absorption near edge spectroscopy (XANES) reveals that the plant contained approximately equal quantities of Au in the metallic (Au0) and oxidized (Au+1) states. Enzymatic digestion dissolved 55-60 wt% of the plant matter. Due to the loss of the soluble gold fraction, no significant increase in the total concentration of gold in the samples was observed. However, it is likely that the concentration of the gold nanoparticles increased by a factor of two. To obtain a gold concentration suitable for catalytic reactions, around 95 wt% of the starting dry biomass would need to be solubilized or removed, which has not yet been achieved.
Proteasome inhibition: a new approach for the treatment of malignancies. (2005)

Since last years, the proteasome has emerged as a real and exciting target for anticancer therapy. Velcade (bortezomib, formerly known as PS341) remains the first selective proteasome inhibitor that has demonstrated significant preclinical activity in several tumor models and a significant efficacy in patients with refractory or relapsed multiple myeloma, resulting in an accelerated approval in US and Europe in such a setting. The major biological effect of bortezomib is the inhibition of the nuclear transcription factor NFkappaB, with subsequent inhibition of the growth tumor cells, induction of apoptosis, inhibition of angiogenesis and of cellular adhesion. The better understanding of the role of proteasome in the regulation of tumor cell growth has led to the development of new therapeutic approaches, notably in patients with multiple myeloma but also seems to hold interesting promises in other hematologic malignancies and solid tumors. This review provides a summary of the rationale for using proteasome inhibitors and an update on available and ongoing clinical studies involving human malignancies.
The effects of salinity on Phytophthora ramorum viability and infectivity (2013)

Phytophthora ramorum, a threat to eastern United States forests, has been found in waterways outside the boundaries of infested ornamental nurseries in states other than California and Oregon. Very little is known about what factors are conducive to its survival and sporulation in water. Water collected from various sources with different salinity was used to better understand what effect salinity has on the life cycle of P. ramorum and its ability to infect tissue. Water samples, collected from natural bodies of water in May 2010 that had measured conductivity values of 5.6, 30.5, 32.3, and 35.3 mS, were added to cups containing P. ramorum-infested sand (1,000 chlamydospores/cm3). Rhododendron leaf disks were placed on the water surface for 1 week at 20 °C and then plated on a Phytophthora-selective medium (PARPH+V8). Very few leaf disks (= 3 percent) were infected at the three highest conductivity levels, while 100 percent infection occurred at the lowest level (5.6 mS). Similarly, rhododendron leaf disks were placed on the surface of different salt solutions (conductivities of 10.3, 26.5, 36.0, 57.2, and 67.9 mS) added to P. ramorum-infested sand at two chlamydospore levels (100 and 1,000/cm3) for 1 week, and plated on PARPH+V8. The percentage of leaf disks infected exposed to 100 chlamydospores/cm3 were 61.1, 23.1, 3.3, and 0 percent, respective of the above conductivity values, while the percentage of infection at 1,000 chlamydospores/cm3 was 100, 70.0, 55.6, 2.2, and 0 percent, respectively. This research demonstrates that P. ramorum can form infective propagules that infect plant tissue at high salt concentrations, gaining an insight as to the survival and factors affecting infectivity of P. ramorum.
Synthesis of Androst-5-en-7-ones and Androsta-3,5-dien-7-ones and Their Related 7-Deoxy Analogs as Conformational and Catalytic Probes for the Active Site of Aromatase (1994)

A series of androst-5-en-7-ones and androsta-3,5-dien-7-ones and their 7-deoxy derivatives, respectively, were synthesized and tested for their abilities to inhibit aromatase in human placental microsomes. All the steroids inhibited the enzyme in a competitive manner with Ki's ranging from 0.058 to 45 microM. The inhibitory activities of 17-oxo compounds were much more potent than those of the corresponding 17 beta-alcohols in each series. Steroids having an oxygen function (hydroxy or carbonyl) at C-19 were less potent inhibitors than the corresponding parent compounds having a 19-methyl group. 3,5-Dien-7-one 24 and its 19-hydroxy and 19-oxo derivatives (12 and 13) as well as 19-oxo-5-en-7-one 3 caused a time-dependent inactivation of aromatase only in the presence of NADPH in which the kinact values of 19-als 3 and 13 (0.143 and 0.189 min-1, respectively) were larger than those of the corresponding 19-methyl (23 and 24) and 19-hydroxy (1 and 12) steroids, respectively. 19-Nor-5-en-7-one 4 but not its 3,5-diene derivative 14 also inactivated the enzyme in a time-dependent manner. In contrast, 7-deoxy steroids 21 and 27, having a 19-methyl group, did not cause it. The inactivations were prevented by the substrate androstenedione, and no significant effects of L-cysteine on the inactivations were observed in each case. The results suggest that oxygenation at C-19 would be at least in part involved in the inactivations caused by the inhibitors 23 and 24. The conjugated enone structures should play a critical role in the inactivation sequences.
Sympathetic innervation of the ileocecal junction in horses (2010)

The distribution and chemical phenotypes of sympathetic and dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons innervating the equine ileocecal junction (ICJ) were studied by combining retrograde tracing and immunohistochemistry. Immunoreactivity (IR) for tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), dopamine beta-hydroxylase (DBH), neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS), calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), substance P (SP), and neuropeptide Y (NPY) was investigated. Sympathetic neurons projecting to the ICJ were distributed within the celiac (CG), cranial mesenteric (CranMG), and caudal mesenteric (CaudMG) ganglia, as well as in the last ganglia of the thoracic sympathetic chain and in the splanchnic ganglia. In the CG and CranMG 91 +/- 8% and 93 +/- 12% of the neurons innervating the ICJ expressed TH- and DBH-IR, respectively. In the CaudMG 90 +/- 15% and 94 +/- 5% of ICJ innervating neurons were TH- and DBH-IR, respectively. Sympathetic (TH-IR) fibers innervated the myenteric and submucosal ganglia, ileal blood vessels, and the muscle layers. They were more concentrated at the ICJ level and were also seen encircling myenteric plexus (MP) and submucosal plexus (SMP) descending neurons that were retrogradely labeled from the ICJ. Among the few retrogradely labeled DRG neurons, nNOS-, CGRP-, and SP-IR nerve cells were observed. Dense networks of CGRP-, nNOS-, and SP-IR varicosities were seen around retrogradely labeled prevertebral ganglia neurons. The CGRP-IR fibers are probably the endings of neurons projecting from the intestine to the prevertebral ganglia. These findings indicate that this crucial region of the intestinal tract is strongly influenced by the sympathetic system and that sensory information of visceral origin influences the sympathetic control of the ICJ.
Tag-free, specific conjugation of glycosylated IgG1 antibodies using microbial transglutaminase (2022)

We present an efficient approach for tag-free, site-specific conjugation of a fully glycosylated antibody using microbial transglutaminase (mTG). We created variants of trastuzumab where a single surface-exposed residue of the human crystallizable fragment had been substituted to glutamine, with the objective of enabling site-specific mTG-mediated conjugation with primary amine payloads. MTG reactivity was determined by conjugation to an amino fluorophore, demonstrating effective tag-free conjugation at the newly introduced I253Q site. The conjugation of one payload per antibody heavy chain was confirmed by mass spectrometry. We further demonstrated two-step mTG/click chemistry-based conjugation of I253Q trastuzumab with monomethyl auristatin E. Cytotoxicity and specificity of the resulting antibody-drug conjugate were indistinguishable from trastuzumab conjugated by another method although binding to the neonatal Fc receptor was impaired. The resulting fully glycosylated ADC is unique in that it results from minimal modification of the antibody sequence and offers potential for application to cellular imaging, fluorescence microscopy, western blotting or ELISA.
Topologically Enclosed Aluminum Voids as Plasmonic Nanostructures (2017)

Recent advances in the ability to synthesize metallic nanoparticles with tailored geometries have led to a revolution in the field of plasmonics. However, studies of the important complementary system, an inverted nanostructure, have so far been limited to two-dimensional sphere-segment voids or holes. Here we reveal the localized surface plasmon resonances (LSPRs) of nanovoids that are topologically enclosed in three-dimensions: an "anti-nanoparticle". We combine this topology with the favorable plasmonic properties of aluminum to observe strongly localized field enhancements with LSPR energies in the extreme UV range, well beyond those accessible with noble metals or yet achieved with aluminum. We demonstrate the resonance tunability by tailoring the shape and size of the nanovoids, which are truncated octahedra in the 10-20 nm range. This system is pristine: the nanovoid cavity is free from any oxide or supporting substrate that would affect the LSPRs. We exploit this to infer LSPRs of pure, sub-20-nm Al nanoparticles, which have yet to be synthesized. Access to this extreme UV range will allow applications in LSPR-enhanced UV photoemission spectroscopy and photoionization.
Switching stable patients with schizophrenia from depot and oral antipsychotics to long‐acting injectable risperidone: efficacy, quality of life and functional outcome (2010)

Sustained, significant improvement in symptom control, HRQoL and functioning was seen in stable patients treated with RLAI over 6 months following a switch from previous antipsychotic medications.
Modulation of cardiac activity by tachykinins in the rat substantia nigra (2001)

1. The effects of tachykinin NK(1), NK(2) and NK(3) receptor agonists and antagonists were measured on blood pressure (MAP) and heart rate (HR) after bilateral microinjection into the substantia nigra (SN) of awake, unrestrained rats. 2. Increasing doses (25 pmol - 1 nmol) of selective agonists at NK(1) ([Sar(9),Met(O(2))(11)]SP), NK(2) ([beta-Ala(8)]NKA(4 - 10)) and NK(3) (senktide) receptors into the SN produced tachycardia which was selectively and reversibly blocked by the prior injection of tachykinin antagonists at NK(1) (RP67580, 250 pmol), NK(2) (SR48968, 250 pmol) and NK(3) (R-820, 500 pmol) receptor. A rapid fall in MAP followed by a pressor response was seen with 1 nmol of [Sar(9),Met(O(2))(11)]SP. Behavioural activity was elicited by 1 nmol of [Sar(9),Met(O(2)(11)]SP (sniffing > face washing = grooming) and senktide (sniffing > wet dog shake > rearing = locomotion). Tachykinin antagonists had no direct cardiovascular or behavioural effects. 3. The tachycardia produced by 100 pmol of [beta-Ala(8)]NKA(4 - 10) or senktide was abolished by an i.v. treatment with atenolol (beta(1)-adrenoceptor antagonist, 5 mg kg(-1)) while that evoked by [Sar(9),Met(O(2))(11)]SP was reduced. A combination of atenolol (5 mg kg(-1)) and atropine (muscarinic antagonist, 1 mg kg(-1)) blocked the response evoked by [Sar(9),Met(O(2))(11)]SP. 4. These data suggest that the SN is a potential site of modulation of cardiac activity by tachykinins. In addition to the withdrawal of the cardiovagal activity by NK(1) receptor, the three tachykinin receptors appear to increase the sympatho/adrenal drive to the heart. This occurs independently of changes in MAP and behaviour. Hence, this study highlights a new central regulatory mechanism of cardiac autonomic activity.
Isocratic Separation of PTH-Amino Acids at Picomole Level by Reverse-Phase HPLC in the Presence of Sodium Dodecylsulfate1 (1985)

The phenylthiohydantoin (PTH) derivatives of protein amino acids have been separated by reverse-phase high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) on a fully end-capped C18 column using an isocratic solvent system. The developing solvent was 0.01 M sodium acetate buffer (pH 4.5) containing 39.5% acetonitrile and 0.02% sodium dodecylsulfate (SDS). With an automated liquid chromatography equipped with a dual-channel detector, operating at 254 and 313 nm, the present isocratic separation system was quite useful for routine microanalysis of PTH-amino acids released with a "gas-phase" sequencer. The time for one run was approximately 23 min and the limit of analysis approximately 2.5 pmol of a PTH-amino acid.
RIVER AND HARBOR AID TO NAVIGATION SYSTEM (RIHANS) PHASE 1-C; SYSTEM DEFINITION. VOLUME I. SYSTEM DESCRIPTION (1973)

Abstract : The Coast Guard has initiated development of the River and Harbor Aid to Navigation System (RIHANS), an all-weather, short-range precision navigation system for use in harbors and harbor entrances. This report covers the results of the Collins-proposed RIHANS Phase 1, System Refinement Analysis and Technical Definition. The results provide equipment configuration, deployment configuration, cost projection, and accuracy analysis of the approach proposed to meet RIHANS requirements. The system described in this report is basically a short pulse microwave beacon system. Hyperbolic lines of position are generated by these beacons in a manner similar to the LORAN Systems. (Author) Portions of this document are not fully legible.
Quantification of plasma phenylethylamine by combined gas chromatography/electron capture negative ion mass spectrometry of theN-acetyl-N-pentafluorobenzoyl derivative (1991)

An ultrasensitive method capable of detection and quantification of beta-phenylethylamine in 1 ml of human plasma has been developed using gas chromatography/electron capture negative ion mass spectrometry. Phenylethylamine and tetra-deutero phenylethylamine internal standard in plasma were acetylated, extracted into organic solvent and then further acylated with pentafluorobenzoyl chloride. The N-acetyl-N-pentafluorobenzoyl-phenylethylamines were detected by high-resolution single ion monitoring of the molecular ions. Normal plasma levels were found to be 41.5 +/- 10.7 pg ml-1, in accordance with results of a previous high-performance liquid chromatographic method.
Estrogen Receptor β (ERβ1) Transactivation Is Differentially Modulated by the Transcriptional Coregulator Tip60 in a cis-Acting Element-dependent Manner (2013)

Estrogen receptor (ER) β1 and ERα have overlapping and distinct functions despite their common use of estradiol as the physiological ligand. These attributes are explained in part by their differential utilization of coregulators and ligands. Although Tip60 has been shown to interact with both receptors, its regulatory role in ERβ1 transactivation has not been defined. In this study, we found that Tip60 enhances transactivation of ERβ1 at the AP-1 site but suppresses its transcriptional activity at the estrogen-response element (ERE) site in an estradiol-independent manner. However, different estrogenic compounds can modify the Tip60 action. The corepressor activity of Tip60 at the ERE site is abolished by diarylpropionitrile, genistein, equol, and bisphenol A, whereas its coactivation at the AP-1 site is augmented by fulvestrant (ICI 182,780). GRIP1 is an important tethering mediator for ERs at the AP-1 site. We found that coexpression of GRIP1 synergizes the action of Tip60. Although Tip60 is a known acetyltransferase, it is unable to acetylate ERβ1, and its coregulatory functions are independent of its acetylation activity. In addition, we showed the co-occupancy of ERβ1 and Tip60 at ERE and AP-1 sites of ERβ1 target genes. Tip60 differentially regulates the endogenous expression of the target genes by modulating the binding of ERβ1 to the cis-regulatory regions. Thus, we have identified Tip60 as the first dual-function coregulator of ERβ1.
Hippeastrum reticulatum (Amaryllidaceae): Alkaloid Profiling, Biological Activities and Molecular Docking (2017)

The Amaryllidaceae family has proven to be a rich source of active compounds, which are characterized by unique skeleton arrangements and a broad spectrum of biological activities. The aim of this work was to perform the first detailed study of the alkaloid constituents of <i>Hippeastrum reticulatum</i> (Amaryllidaceae) and to determine the anti-parasitological and cholinesterase (AChE and BuChE) inhibitory activities of the epimers (6α-hydroxymaritidine and 6β-hydroxymaritidine). Twelve alkaloids were identified in <i>H. reticulatum</i>: eight known alkaloids by GC-MS and four unknown (6α-hydroxymaritidine, 6β-hydroxymaritidine, reticulinine and isoreticulinine) by NMR. The epimer mixture (6α-hydroxymaritidine and 6β-hydroxymaritidine) showed low activity against all protozoan parasites tested and weak AChE-inhibitory activity. Finally, a molecular docking analysis of AChE and BuChE proteins showed that isoreticulinine may be classified as a potential inhibitory molecule since it can be stabilized in the active site through hydrogen bonds, π-π stacking and hydrophobic interactions.
A highly efficient catalyst precursor for ethanoic acid production: [RhCl(CO)(PEt3)2]; X-ray crystal and molecular structure of carbonyldiiodo(methyl)bis(triethylphosphine)rhodium(III) (1997)

Under mild conditions, [RhI(CO)(PEt3)2], is more active for the carbonylation of methanol to ethanoic acid than [Rh(CO)2I2]–, which is widely used industrially; intermediates in the catalytic cycle have been identified and characterised.