gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Turkey Plasma Thyroid Hormone and Prolactin Concentrations Throughout an Egg Laying Cycle and in Relation to Photorefractoriness , (1989)

Plasma concentrations of thyroxine (T4), triiodothyronine (T3), and prolactin were determined weekly through an egg laying cycle induced with 30 wk of 14 h light:10 h dark. Egg production, primary remige molting, and occurrence of photorefractoriness were monitored. Hens were assigned to one of two groups; those that exhibited photorefractoriness (PR) and those that remained photosensitive (PS). Weekly plasma T4 concentrations relative to the time of initiation of photostimulation did not differ between PR and PS groups; concentrations peaked prior to the onset of egg production, were lowest during peak egg production, and increased between Weeks 6 and 30 of photostimulation. Plasma T4 levels of PR hens peaked 3 wk prior to the onset of photorefractoriness. Plasma T3 concentrations of PS and PR hens were similar until increases occurred in PR hens at the onset of photorefractoriness. Plasma prolactin levels in PS and PR hens increased after photostimulation, declined sooner in PR hens, and were generally greater in PS than PR hens during the last 20 wk of the study. Mean time of onset of photorefractoriness in PR hens was 23.0 wk (range = 18 to 28 wk) after initiation of photostimulation. Egg production of PS hens was greater than that of PR hens after 20 wk of photostimulation, and PR hens molted a greater number of primary remiges than PS hens. Results indicated that 1) elevated plasma T4 may be involved in development of photorefractoriness in turkey hens, 2) increases in plasma T3 may be involved in gonadal regression and molting, and 3) elevated plasma prolactin was associated with persistence of photosensitivity.
Glial cell‐line derived neurotrophic factor and neurturin regulate the expressions of distinct miRNA precursors through the activation of GFRα2 (2006)

Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) and neurturin (NTN) are structurally related neurotrophic factors that have both been shown to prevent the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in vitro and in vivo. NTN and GDNF are thought to bind with different affinities to the GDNF family receptor alpha-2 (GFRalpha2), and can activate the same multi-component receptor system consisting of GFRalpha2, receptor tyrosine kinase Ret (RET) and NCAM. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of short, non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression through translational repression or RNA degradation. miRNAs have diverse functions, including regulating differentiation, proliferation and apoptosis in several organisms. It is currently unknown whether GDNF and NTN regulate the expression of miRNAs through activation of the same multi-component receptor system. Using quantitative real-time PCR, we measured the expression of some miRNA precursors in human BE(2)-C cells that express GFRalpha2 but not GFRalpha1. GDNF and NTN differentially regulate the expression of distinct miRNA precursors through the activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2). This study showed that the expression of distinct miRNA precursors is differentially regulated by specific ligands through the activation of GFRalpha2.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF ANTHOCYANIDINS. I. THE OXIDATIVE GENERATION OF FLAVYLIUM CATIONS S USING BENZOQUINONES (1978)

Abstract Oxidation der Flavonole (Ia), (Ic) (aus entsprechenden Flavonen durch Na‐boranat‐Reduktion) bzw. des Ethers (Ib) (aus (Ia) mit Et‐OH/ Ac‐OH) mit a) Benzochinon oder b) Chloranil führt zu den entsprechenden Anthocyanidinen (II); analog werden aus den Verbindungen (III) bzw. (V) die Produkte (IV) bzw. (IIa) erhalten.
Expression of Connexin-26, -32, and -43 Gap Junction Proteins in the Porcine Cervix and Uterus During Pregnancy and Relaxin-Induced Growth1 (1999)

Connexin (CX) proteins participate in growth, differentiation, and tissue remodeling. Relaxin-stimulated reproductive tissue growth and remodeling may be facilitated by enhanced intracellular communication. This study was an examination of the effects of relaxin in vivo on expression of CX-26, CX-32, and CX-43 in the cervix and uterus of prepubertal pigs. In addition, expression of these proteins was monitored in the sow uterus during pregnancy. Relaxin was administered to prepubertal gilts every 6 h for 54 h. CX expression was characterized by immunoblotting and localized by immunofluorescence. Significant increases in all three CXs were observed in the cervix following relaxin treatment (P < 0.05). Uterine CX proteins were also significantly higher (P < 0.05) in relaxin-treated animals compared to controls. The CX protein level in relaxin-treated animals was similar to that observed during the second half of pregnancy, but below levels found in mature, nonpregnant sows. This is the first evidence for specific CX expression in the porcine cervix, and the first study to show that relaxin increases the expression of CX proteins in the porcine uterus and cervix. The data show that CX proteins are differentially regulated in the uterus of the pig during pregnancy. These data support a role for CX-mediated communication during relaxin-induced reproductive tissue growth and remodeling.
A new way to calculate scattering of acoustic and elastic waves. II. Application to elastic waves scattered from voids and fixed rigid obstacles (1980)

The method expounded in the preceding paper is applied to the calculation of the scattering of elastic waves from axially symmetric voids and rigid obstacles. The eigenfunctions and surface tractions are presented in detail. Results are exhibited for direct and mode-converted cross sections for a variety of scatterer shapes, including oblate and prolate spheroids with aspect ratios up to 7, pillboxes, and cones for ka varying from 0.1 to 10. Accuracy, computer time, and convergence properties are discussed.
Development of an Aerosol Dispersion Test to Detect Early Changes in Lung Function (1988)

The dispersion of a 0.5 µm aerosol bolus during tidal breathing differs significantly (p<0.0001) between a group of smokers (with ∼20 pack-years average exposure) and a comparable group of nonsmokers. Their mean differences in standard respiratory function indexes from spirometry [forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), mean forced expiratory flow during the middle half of the FVC (FEF25–75)] were smaller and not statistically significant. The test is simple to perform and may be done as quickly as spirometry but without using a forced exhalation. Comparison of the coefficients of variation for the dispersion test and FEV1 indicate that the aerosol dispersion test may be useful in epidemiologic investigations either by reducing the required population size or increasing the level of confidence.
Minocycline‐induced hyperpigmentation masquerading as alkaptonuria in individuals with joint pain (2004)

Alkaptonuria, a rare autosomal-recessive disorder caused by mutations in the HGD gene and a deficiency of homogentisate 1,2-dioxygenase, is characterized by accumulation of homogentisic acid (HGA), ochronosis, and destruction of connective tissue resulting in joint disease. Certain medications have been reported to cause cutaneous hyperpigmentation resembling that of alkaptonuria. We present 5 such cases. Eighty-eight patients with a possible diagnosis of alkaptonuria were examined at the National Institutes of Health Clinical Center between June 2000 and March 2004. The diagnosis of alkaptonuria was confirmed or ruled out by measurement of HGA in the urine. Five patients with findings consistent with ochronosis, including pigmentary changes of the ear and mild degenerative disease of the spine and large joints, were diagnosed clinically as having alkaptonuria, but the diagnosis was withdrawn based on normal urine HGA levels. All 5 patients were women who had taken minocycline for dermatologic or rheumatologic disorders for extended periods. Minocycline-induced hyperpigmentation should be considered in the differential diagnosis of ochronosis. This could be of increased significance now that minocycline and other tetracyclines have been proposed as therapeutic options for rheumatoid arthritis, bringing a new population of patients with ochronosis and arthritis to medical attention with the potential, but incorrect, diagnosis of alkaptonuria.
Single-frequency pulse-periodic YAG:Nd laser with a high peak power and a low divergence of radiation (1987)

A single-frequency pulse-periodic YAG:Nd3+ laser was constructed. Its divergence was ~5×10−4 rad and the peak output power was ~1 GW in the case of nanosecond pulses. These pulses were generated utilizing stimulated Brillouin scattering for compression of an amplified pulse from a master oscillator.
Inhomogeneity effects on the magnetoresistance and the ghost critical field above Tcin thin mixture films of In-Ge (1985)

The authors have investigated the effects of inhomogeneity on the magnetoresistance (MR) of thin mixture films of In-Ge. By performing these measurements near the superconducting transition temperature, the ghost critical field, Hc2* could be identified. The data on MR and Hc2* was used to calculate quantities such as the coefficient of diffusion and the inelastic scattering timer. A homogeneous-inhomogeneous transition is observed when the relevant length scale (the inelastic diffusion length or the superconducting coherence length) becomes of the order of the inhomogeneity scale in the sample.
The photomutagenicity of fluoroquinolones in tests for gene mutation, chromosomal aberration, gene conversion and DNA breakage (Comet assay) (1996)

The ability of fluoroquinolones to cause light-induced adverse effects has been established in experimental studies and clinical observations. The formation of active oxygen species appears to be responsible for this activity. Photomutagenicity tests with bacterial, lower eukaryotic and mammalian cells were performed with three fluoroquinolones (Fleroxacin, Ciprofloxacin and Lomefloxacin). After concomitant irradiation with simulated solar light (with a reduced UVB component), weak increases in the number of revertants were observed in Salmonella typhimurium TA104 and TA100. No photomutagenic activity was detected in Saccharomyces cerevisiae D7. In the chromosomal aberration (CA) test with Chinese hamster V79 cells the number of aberrant metaphases was markedly increased. In the Comet assay with mouse lymphoma cells, evidence of extensive DNA breakage was obtained. All three compounds showed similar potencies in the Comet and Ames assays while there was a clear gradation of potencies in the CA assay (Lomefloxacin > Fleroxacin > Ciprofloxacin), which conformed with reports on the relative potencies regarding phototoxicity. The oxygen radical scavengers catalase, superoxide dismutase and N, N'-dimethylurea modulated the photoclastogenicity and phototoxicity but had no influence on the effects in the Comet and Ames tests. It thus appears that different kinds of mechanism are responsible for toxicity and clastogenicity on the one side and DNA breakage and gene mutation on the other side. Pre-irradiation of the test articles did not lead to enhanced genotoxicity, indicating the involvement of very short lived genotoxic agents. The results endorse the advice to avoid excessive light exposure during antibiotic therapy with fluoroquinolones.
Gain-gain and gain-lossless PT-symmetry broken from PT-phase diagram (2022)

Parity-time (PT) symmetry and broken in micro/nano photonic structures have been investigated extensively as they bring new opportunities to control the flow of light based on non-Hermitian optics. Previous studies have focused on the situations of PT-symmetry broken in loss-loss or gain-loss coupling systems. Here, we theoretically predict the gain-gain and gain-lossless PT-broken from phase diagram, where the boundaries between PT-symmetry and PT-broken can be clearly defined in the full-parameter space including gain, lossless and loss. For specific micro/nano photonic structures, such as coupled waveguides, we give the transmission matrices of each phase space, which can be used for beam splitting. Taking coupled waveguides as an example, we obtain periodic energy exchange in PT-symmetry phase and exponential gain or loss in PT-broken phase, which are consistent with the phase diagram. The scenario giving a full view of PT-symmetry or broken, will not only deepen the understanding of fundamental physics, but also will promote the breakthrough of photonic applications like optical routers and beam splitters.
Reproductive hormones and blood pressure during pregnancy (2001)

The mechanisms involved in cardiovasular changes during human pregnancy and the complicated aetiology of gestational hypertension are unclear. Reproductive hormones have known effects on the cardiovascular system in the non-pregnant state and in animal systems, but their effects in human pregnancy are uncertain. In this study of pregnant women, the effects of serum concentrations of relaxin, progesterone and oestradiol on arterial blood pressure were studied. Higher serum concentrations of progesterone and relaxin, but not oestradiol, in early pregnancy were related to lower mean systolic blood pressures in the second and third trimesters. No relationship was found between hormonal concentrations and diastolic blood pressures. However, women with a diastolic blood pressure of >90 mmHg in late pregnancy showed statistically significant lower relaxin concentrations in early pregnancy in comparison with women whose diastolic blood pressure was </=90 mmHg. In a multivariate analysis, the mean systolic blood pressure (P: < 0.0001) and serum relaxin (P: < 0.01) in early pregnancy, but not progesterone, were independently related to systolic blood pressure in late pregnancy. The results support previous experimental and clinical studies. The effect of relaxin may be explained by a possible vasodilatatory action seen in animal studies and appears to be moderate.
The LarB carboxylase/hydrolase forms a transient cysteinyl-pyridine intermediate during nickel-pincer nucleotide cofactor biosynthesis (2021)

Enzymes possessing the nickel-pincer nucleotide (NPN) cofactor catalyze C2 racemization or epimerization reactions of α-hydroxyacid substrates. LarB initiates synthesis of the NPN cofactor from nicotinic acid adenine dinucleotide (NaAD) by performing dual reactions: pyridinium ring C5 carboxylation and phosphoanhydride hydrolysis. Here, we show that LarB uses carbon dioxide, not bicarbonate, as the substrate for carboxylation and activates water for hydrolytic attack on the AMP-associated phosphate of C5-carboxylated-NaAD. Structural investigations show that LarB has an N-terminal domain of unique fold and a C-terminal domain homologous to aminoimidazole ribonucleotide carboxylase/mutase (PurE). Like PurE, LarB is octameric with four active sites located at subunit interfaces. The complex of LarB with NAD<sup>+</sup>, an analog of NaAD, reveals the formation of a covalent adduct between the active site Cys221 and C4 of NAD<sup>+</sup>, resulting in a boat-shaped dearomatized pyridine ring. The formation of such an intermediate with NaAD would enhance the reactivity of C5 to facilitate carboxylation. Glu180 is well positioned to abstract the C5 proton, restoring aromaticity as Cys221 is expelled. The structure of as-isolated LarB and its complexes with NAD<sup>+</sup> and the product AMP identify additional residues potentially important for substrate binding and catalysis. In combination with these findings, the results from structure-guided mutagenesis studies lead us to propose enzymatic mechanisms for both the carboxylation and hydrolysis reactions of LarB that are distinct from that of PurE.
Suppression of Thermoacoustic Instabilities Using an Electric Field and Feedback Control (2023)

View Video Presentation: https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2023-0556.vid The suppression of a thermoacoustic instability using an electric field and feedback control is reported here. The experimental setup consists of a 3.4 kW methane-air flame mounted in a Rijke tube configuration, creating a thermoacoustic instability at 141 Hz and 134 dBA. The electric field acts through the well-known ionic wind effect to modulate the flame heat-release and is shown to be key to interacting with the thermoacoustic instability. A phase-shift feedback controller is used to apply the electric field to the thermoacoustic instability and the closed loop system suppresses the instability in less than 60 msec and reduces the peak pressure amplitude by 27 dB. Once stabilized, the electric field requires only 36 mW of electrical power to maintain stabilization. This successful demonstration to the classic thermoacoustic instability problem combined with the low electrical power use shows the promising potential of electric fields as actuators in combustion.
New Palladium Carbene Catalysts for the Heck Reaction of Aryl Chlorides in Ionic Liquids. (2003)

The Heck reaction of aryl chlorides was investigated in the presence of defined monocarbenepalladium(0) complexes. Activated and nonactivated\naryl chlorides provide the corresponding cinnamic esters and stilbenes in &lt;sup&gt;&lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;Bu&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt;NBr as a ionic liquid in good to excellent yields.
The elusive progesterone receptor in Xenopus oocytes (2001)

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), a peer reviewed journal of the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) - an authoritative source of high-impact, original research that broadly spans the biological, physical, and social sciences.
Predicting Ego-Vehicle Paths from Environmental Observations with a Deep Neural Network (2018)

Advanced driver assistance systems allow for increasing user comfort and safety by sensing the environment and anticipating upcoming hazards. Often, this requires to accurately predict how situations will change. Recent approaches make simplifying assumptions on the predictive model of the Ego-Vehicle motion or assume prior knowledge, such as road topologies, to be available. However, in many urban areas this assumption is not satisfied. Furthermore, temporary changes (e.g. construction areas, vehicles parked on the street) are not considered by such models. Since many cars observe the environment with several different sensors, predictive models can benefit from them by considering environmental properties. In this work, we present an approach for an Ego-Vehicle path prediction from such sensor measurements of the static vehicle environment. Besides proposing a learned model for predicting the driver's multi-modal future path as a grid-based prediction, we derive an approach for extracting paths from it. In driver assistance systems both can be used to solve varying assistance tasks. The proposed approach is evaluated on real driving data and outperforms several baseline approaches.
COLLABORATIVE SPAM FILTERING WITH THE HASHING TRICK (2009)

User feedback is vital to the quality of the collaborative spam fi lters frequently used in open membership email systems such as Yahoo Mail or Gmail. Users occasionally designate emails as spam or non-spam (often termed as ham), and these labels are subsequently used to train the spam fi lter. Although the majority of users provide very little data, as a collective the amount of training data is very large (many millions of emails per day). Unfortunately, there is substantial deviation in users ’ notions of what constitutes spam and ham. Additionally, the open membership policy of these systems makes it vulnerable to users with malicious intent – spammers who wish to see their emails accepted by any spam fi ltration system can create accounts and use these to give malicious feedback to ‘train ’ the spam fi lter in giving their emails a free pass.
Chemical and Structural Aspects of Ebola Virus Entry Inhibitors (2014)

The Ebolaviruses are members of the family Filoviridae ("filoviruses") and cause severe hemhorragic fever with human case fatality rates as high as 90%. Infection requires attachment of the viral particle to cells and triggering of membrane fusion between the host and viral membranes, a process that occurs in the host endosome and is facilitated by the envelope glycoprotein (GP). One potential strategy for therapeutic intervention is the development of agents (antibodies, peptides, and small molecules) that can interfere with viral entry aspects such as attachment, uptake, priming, or membrane fusion. This paper highlights recent developments in the discovery and evaluation of therapeutic entry inhibitors and identifies opportunities moving forward.
Dynamically stable trajectory synthesis for a biped robot during the single-support phase (2002)

The aim of this paper is to develop an algorithm to generate dynamically stable walking trajectories for a biped robot during the single-support phase, which can be used as reference trajectories for control. The biped is modeled as an anthropomorphic planar mechanical system of 7 links connected by 6 actuated rotoidal joints. We want the biped robot to move with a human-like behavior. In order to achieve this goal the kinematics and dynamics aspects have been treated separately. To obtain a human-like motion the biped has been regarded as a redundant manipulator, under the assumption that the supporting foot was fixed to the floor. In particular, the concept of task priority in relation to the inverse kinematics problem has been exploited. To ensure that planned motion fulfils the dynamics requirements too, the attention has been focused on the interaction between stance foot and ground, which has been carefully studied by means of classical mathematical tools such as the center of pressure point (or ZMP). A detailed simulation of biped trajectory is presented to show the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
Epitope peptides from interleukin-6 receptor which inhibit the growth of human myeloma cells. (1996)

A panel of monoclonal antibodies against the soluble IL-6 receptor was used to search for linear epitopes by a Pepscan analysis. Two such epitopes were found and the corresponding peptides were synthesized chemically. The peptides were active to inhibit the IL-6 dependent growth of human multiple myeloma cell line and the effect of IL-6 on growth of murine hybridoma cells. The epitope-defined, antagonist peptides reduced the transduction of the IL-6 signal which activates binding of Stat transcription factors to specific enhancers, but did not affect IL-6 binding. These effects were not seen with several other peptides from the IL-6 receptor sequence. A computer three-dimensional model of the IL-6 receptor complex was built and indicates that the antagonist peptides define one of the two possible sites of interaction between the domain-II of the IL-6 receptor molecule and that of the gp130 molecule within the hexameric receptor assembly.
Face recognition using synthesized intermediate views (2002)

This paper describes an approach to face recognition using synthesized intermediate views which are not in the training database but come in the test data set. A 3D face modeling procedure is used to create these synthesized views. This method is evaluated by correlating all synthesized views with real intermediate views.