gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Modular Belief Updates and Confusion about Measures of Certainty in Artificial Intelligence Research (2014)

Over the last decade, there has been growing interest in the use or measures or change in belief for reasoning with uncertainty in artificial intelligence research. An important characteristic of several methodologies that reason with changes in belief or belief updates, is a property that we term modularity. We call updates that satisfy this property modular updates. Whereas probabilistic measures of belief update - which satisfy the modularity property were first discovered in the nineteenth century, knowledge and discussion of these quantities remains obscure in artificial intelligence research. We define modular updates and discuss their inappropriate use in two influential expert systems.
Alanine protects rabbit proximal tubules against anoxic injury in vitro (1990)

Rabbit proximal tubules were incubated aerobically or subjected to anoxia for 30 min followed by 60 min of reoxygenation. The medium contained (in mM) 5 glucose, 10 butyrate, 4 lactate or alpha-ketoglutarate (alpha-KG), and 1 alanine. Anoxic tubules in this medium were severely injured and recovered poorly. If the incubation medium was supplemented with additional alanine (up to 2.5 or 5 mM), then anoxic injury was prevented almost completely. Tubules in high-alanine medium showed modest elevations of ATP during anoxia. Comparable elevations of ATP were induced in anoxic tubules incubated with 4 mM alpha-KG and 5 mM aspartate without alanine. These substrates are metabolized anaerobically in the mitochondria to yield ATP. Surprisingly, anoxic tubules with alpha-KG and aspartate showed severe injury despite elevated ATP. If 5 mM alanine was also present, then additional increments of ATP did not occur, but injury was prevented. Examination of glucose metabolism failed to provide evidence for stimulation of anaerobic fermentations by alanine. These results suggest that alanine-induced cytoprotection during anoxia occurs by mechanisms not related to ATP synthesis, and that elevated ATP in alanine-supplemented tubules may be a result and not the cause of protection. Cytoprotection by alanine was shown to last for less than or equal to 90 min of anoxia. Glycine, a structurally related amino acid, also protects anoxic proximal tubules (J. Clin. Invest. 80: 1446, 1987). The mechanisms that underlie the cytoprotective effects of alanine and glycine remain to be determined.
Entropy based voice activity detection in very noisy conditions (2001)

Keywords: LTS1 Reference LTS-CONF-2001-039 Record created on 2006-06-14, modified on 2016-08-08
“放荡”不是贬义词 帕丽斯·希尔顿“豪门放荡”风格全解析 (2007)

她是一个这样的人:“我要让人们记住我是帕丽斯·希尔顿,而不是只记住我是希尔顿饭店的继承人。”她这么说的,也这么做了。拥有显赫的家世从来不缺乏金钱,世界上大多数女孩儿恨不得自己能成为她,这样可以为所欲为,女孩儿的为所欲为,能怎样呢?可以像石油大享的后裔一样捐出大多数的钱然后买个马场养马,也可以买艘游轮环游世界八十天,总之,一切与女孩儿有关的梦想一旦有金钱的支持,仿佛不再有障碍。
Novel Protonic Conductor SrLa2Sc2O7 with Layered Structure for Electrochemical Devices (2022)

Novel materials with target properties for different electrochemical energy conversion and storage devices are currently being actively created and investigated. Materials with high level of protonic conductivity are attracting attention as electrolytes for solid oxide fuel cells and electrolyzers. Though many materials are being investigated as potential electrolytic components for these devices, many problems exist, including comparability between electrodes and electrolytes. In this paper, layered perovskite SrLa<sub>2</sub>Sc<sub>2</sub>O<sub>7</sub> was investigated as a protonic conductor for the first time. The possibility for water uptake and protonic transport was revealed. It was shown that the SrLa<sub>2</sub>Sc<sub>2</sub>O<sub>7</sub> composition can be considered a prospective ionic conductor. The layered perovskites can be considered as very promising materials for electrochemical devices for energy applications.
Cardiac Troponins I and T Are Biological Markers of Left Ventricular Dysfunction in Septic Shock (2000)

These findings suggest that in septic shock, clinically unrecognized myocardial cell injury is a marker of LV dysfunction. The latter condition tends to occur more often in severely ill older patients with underlying cardiovascular disease. Further studies are needed to determine the extent to which myocardial damage is a cause or a consequence of LV dysfunction.
Protective effect of polysaccharides on the stability of parenteral emulsions (2012)

The main purpose of this study is to investigate the influence of two polysaccharides (dextran, hydroxyethyl starch) on the stability of parenteral emulsions. All parenteral emulsions were prepared by high-pressure homogenization. The influence of polysaccharides concentration was studied. The stabilities of autoclaving sterilization, centrifugation and freeze-thawing process were investigated extensively. Following the addition of polysaccharides, the stabilities of the parenteral emulsions were improved. A high-concentration polysaccharides solution (13%, w/v) produced better protection than a low one (1.3%, w/v), especially during freeze-thawing process. The protective mechanisms of polysaccharides were attributed to increasing systematic viscosity, non-frozen water absorbed by polysaccharides, formation of a linear bead-like structure and thicker mixed emulsifier film. Overall, polysaccharides can offer greatly increased protection for parenteral emulsions, and represent a novel protective strategy for improving the stability of this delivery system.
Features of the Shubnikov–de Haas oscillations of the conductivity of a high-mobility two-dimensional hole gas in a SiGe∕Ge∕SiGe quantum well (2006)

The Shubnikov–de Haas oscillations in a two-dimensional hole gas in a quantum well of pure germanium in a SiGe∕Ge∕SiGe heterostructure with a hole concentration pH=5.68×1011cm2 and mobility μ=4.68×104cm2V−1s−1 are investigated in magnetic fields up to 15 T at temperatures from 40 mK to 4 K. The observed deviation from the known relation describing the conductivity oscillations in the Shubnikov–de Haas effect are explained by additional broadening of the Landau levels due to the existence of a nonuniform distribution of the concentration of charge carriers, and, accordingly, of their energy, in the plane of the two-dimensional gas. It is assumed that the latter is due to natural atomic-step variations of the well width. The effective hole mass (m*=0.112m0) is determined from the temperature dependence of the oscillation amplitude, and its dependence on magnetic field is used to determine the quantum scattering time and the value of the carrier concentration fluctuations.
PM-23Microstructure observation of Ag added Al-Mg-Ge alloys aged at 523 K (2018)

Severe plastic deformation (SPD) processes attracted attention in recent years as a method of refining crystal grains. Compared to other SPD processes, HPT process can introduce the large amount of strain continuously [1]. Al-Li alloys has low density and are strengthened by aging treatment, traditionally. They have been used as aircraft materials [2]. It is known that the addition of Cu to the Al-Li alloy precipitates the T(AlLiCu) phase This research presents to investigate the effect of Cu on Al-Li alloys on grain refinement using HPT process and aging behavior using aging treatment. After HPT process, Micro Vickers hardness increased significantly compared to asquenched (asQ). During aging treatment, Al-Li-Cu alloy reached peak aging at 0.48 ks (8 min), however, Al-Li alloy did not change the hardness level at the initial stage of aging, then hardness started to decrease. Microstructure observation was carried out using as-HPT, 0.48ks, 3.84ks, 60ks and 600ks of aging time in both alloys. In asHPT sample, i.e. no aging treatment, ' (AlLi) phase was observed. With increase of aging time, it was possible to observe the coarsened ' phase in both alloy and T phase in Cu added alloy.
Wear unleveling: improving NAND flash lifetime by balancing page endurance (2014)

Flash memory cells typically undergo a few thousand Program/Erase (P/E) cycles before they wear out. However, the programming strategy of flash devices and process variations cause some flash cells to wear out significantly faster than others. This paper studies this variability on two commercial devices, acknowledges its unavoidability, figures out how to identify the weakest cells, and introduces a wear unbalancing technique that let the strongest cells relieve the weak ones in order to lengthen the overall lifetime of the device. Our technique periodically skips or relieves the weakest pages whenever a flash block is programmed. Relieving the weakest pages can lead to a lifetime extension of up to 60% for a negligible memory and storage overhead, while minimally affecting (sometimes improving) the write performance. Future technology nodes will bring larger variance to page endurance, increasing the need for techniques similar to the one proposed in this work.
Codebook Design for Massive MIMO Systems in LTE (2016)

In this paper, codebook design for massive MIMO systems with 32/64Tx transmit branches is investigated. Using the same parameterized codebook framework of LTE Rel-13 for 16Tx, 32/64Tx codebooks are discussed and evaluated through system level simulations. In addition, to deal with the larger feedback overhead, three codebook sub-sampling methods are discussed. These methods aim to achieve a tradeoff between the feedback overhead and the system performance. Simulation results prove the effectiveness of the proposed methods.
Light-sensitive microdispersed systems in recording media (1994)

The analysis of the results concerning the influence of the molecular organization of microdispersed photosensitive systems upon their properties has been performed. The dependence of characteristics of silver halide recording media and of a number of nonsilver ones of the molecular organization of the structure of the matrix and photosensitive elements has been represented. The investigations of Russian scientists in this field have received special attention.
Intralesional Radioimmunotherapy with Yttrium-90-Labeled Human Monoclonal IgM in Nude Mice Bearing Human Tumor Xenografts (2004)

Intralesional administration of 90Y-labeled IgM can ablate tumors in nude mice with modest acute or late toxicity. Further development of this modality for loco-regional therapy is warranted.
Reconstitution of tobacco mosaic virus rods occurs bidirectionally from an internal initiation region: demonstration by electron microscopic serology. (1977)

RNA of a common strain of tobacco mosaic virus was sequentially reconstituted first with protein of the same strain and then with protein of a tomato strain. The reconstituted particles were treated with specific antibodies against the two strain particles and were examined electron microscopically to locate the regions of rods encapsidated with the respective proteins. The results demonstrated that reconstitution starts at an internal region of the RNA about 830 nucleotides from an end that recent studies indicate to be the 3' terminus. Evidence was obtained to show that reconstitution proceeds toward the 5' terminus of the RNA until it is fully encapsidated. Encapsidation of the 3' distal portion of the RNA apparently occurs later and in a direction opposite to that of the encapsidation of the 5' distal portion.
Enhanced activity of lysosomal proteases in activated rat hepatic stellate cells is associated with a concomitant increase in the number of the mannose‐6‐phosphate/insulin‐like growth factor II receptor (2013)

Activated hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) play a central role during hepatic tissue repair through their influence on extracellular matrix remodelling. We have determined whether the activity levels of cathepsin B and D are affected by in vitro activation of rat HSCs, and whether the enzymes were released from the cells. Furthermore, given the important role of the mannose-6-phosphate/insulin-like growth factor II receptor (M6P/IGF-IIR) in the intracellular transport of lysosomal enzymes, we have examined whether changes in the activity of these proteases were associated with parallel changes in the level of the M6P/IGF-IIR. The activity of cathepsin B and D increased ∼4 times between 2 and 8 days of HSC culture. This result was supported by analysing mRNA expression by RT-PCR. The cells released the enzymes into the culture medium, amounting to ∼10% of the cell-associated activity over 24 h. The release of enzymes was not affected by reducing medium pH from 7.4 to 6.2, indicating that the enzymes were transported to the medium independently of the M6P/IGF-II-R. The released cathepsin B was mostly in the inactive proenzyme form. HSC activation led to a particularly large increase in M6P/IGF-IIR expression. A large proportion of the receptors was located on the cell surface and was found to be very suitable for measuring endocytosis of (125) I-IGF-II. The results show that the endocytic activity increased in parallel with the increase in surface receptors and activity of lysosomal enzymes. Degradation of the ligand was reduced by inhibitors of lysosomal proteases and therefore took place in lysosomes.
Enhancing Long‐Term Device Stability Using Thin Film Blends of Small Molecule Semiconductors and Insulating Polymers to Trap Surface‐Induced Polymorphs (2020)

Abstract The lack of long‐term stability in thin films of organic semiconductors can often be caused by the low structural stability of metastable phases that are frequently formed upon deposition on a substrate surface. Here, thin films of 2,7‐dioctyloxy[1]benzothieno[3,2‐ b ]benzothiophene (C 8 O‐BTBT‐OC 8 ) and blends of this material with polystyrene by solution shearing are fabricated. Both types of films exhibit the metastable surface‐induced herringbone phase (SIP) in all the tested coating conditions. The blended films reveal a higher device performance with a field‐effect mobility close to 1 cm 2 V −1 s −1 , a threshold voltage close to 0 V, and an on/off current ratio above 10 7 . In situ lattice phonon Raman microscopy is used to study the stability of the SIP polymorph. It is found that films based on only C 8 O‐BTBT‐OC 8 slowly evolve to the Bulk cofacial phase, significantly impacting device electrical performance. In contrast, the blended films stabilize the SIP phase, leading to devices that maintain a high performance over 1.5 years. This work demonstrates that blending small‐molecule organic semiconductors with insulating binding polymers can trap metastable polymorphs, which can lead to devices with both improved performance and long‐term stability.
On the detection of abandoned objects with a moving camera using robust subspace recovery and sparse representation (2015)

We consider the application of sparse-representation and robust-subspace-recovery techniques to detect abandoned objects in a target video acquired with a moving camera. In the proposed framework, the target video is compared to a previously acquired reference video, which is assumed to have no abandoned objects. The detection method explores the low-rank similarities among the reference and target videos, as well as the sparsity of the differences between the two video sequences caused by the unexpected object in the target video. A three-step procedure is then presented adapting a previous low-rank and sparse image representation to the problem at hand. Performance of the proposed technique is verified using a large video database for abandoned-object detection in a cluttered environment. Results demonstrate the technique effectiveness even in the presence of some significant camera shake along its trajectory.
Experimental Identification of Structural Dynamics and Aeroelastic Properties of a Self-sensing Smart Composite Wing (2015)

Self-sensing intelligent composite materials with state-sensing and awareness capabilities constitute the future of aerospace structures. The objective of this work is to develop technologies that will lead to the next generation of intelligent aerospace structures that can sense the environmental conditions and structural state, effectively interpret the sensing data to achieve real-time state awareness, and employ appropriate self-diagnostics under varying operational environments. In this paper, the design, integration, and experimental identification of the structural dynamics and aeroelastic properties are presented for an intelligent composite UAV wing. Bio-inspired stretchable sensor networks, including integrated piezoelectric, strain, and temperature sensors are monolithically embedded in the composite layup to provide the sensing capabilities. Stochastic signal processing and identification techniques are employed in order to accurately interpret the sensing. The experimental evaluation and assessment is demonstrated via a series of wind tunnel experiment under varying angles of attack and airflow velocities for the identification of the coupled airflowstructural dynamics and strain distribution. The obtained results demonstrate the successful integration of the micro-fabricated stretchable sensor networks with the composite wing, as well as the effectiveness of the stochastic data interpretation approaches. This study constitutes a significant step in proving the integration potential of the approach for the next generation of fly-by-feel UAVs. doi: 10.12783/SHM2015/163
Electrospray tandem mass spectrometry of alkali metal-containing anionic complexes of tripeptide (1996)

Collision-induced dissociation mass spectra of alkali metal-containing anionic tripeptides are reported. Both N-terminal and C-terminal product ions were observed from the precursor ions [M - 2H + X]- and [M - 3H + 2X]- where X stands for an alkali metal. The results are consistent with precursor ion structures in which an alkali metal ion is centrally located for bonding with the amino terminus, the amide nitrogen atoms, and an oxygen atom of the carboxylate terminus; the second alkali metal ion in [M - 3H + 2X]- is likely attached to the other oxygen atom of the carboxylate terminus.
Complexity of vitamin E metabolism (2016)

Bioavailability of vitamin E is influenced by several factors, most are highlighted in this review. While gender, age and genetic constitution influence vitamin E bioavailability but cannot be modified, life-style and intake of vitamin E can be. Numerous factors must be taken into account however, i.e., when vitamin E is orally administrated, the food matrix may contain competing nutrients. The complex metabolic processes comprise intestinal absorption, vascular transport, hepatic sorting by intracellular binding proteins, such as the significant α-tocopherol-transfer protein, and hepatic metabolism. The coordinated changes involved in the hepatic metabolism of vitamin E provide an effective physiological pathway to protect tissues against the excessive accumulation of, in particular, non-α-tocopherol forms. Metabolism of vitamin E begins with one cycle of CYP4F2/CYP3A4-dependent ω-hydroxylation followed by five cycles of subsequent β-oxidation, and forms the water-soluble end-product carboxyethylhydroxychroman. All known hepatic metabolites can be conjugated and are excreted, depending on the length of their side-chain, either via urine or feces. The physiological handling of vitamin E underlies kinetics which vary between the different vitamin E forms. Here, saturation of the side-chain and also substitution of the chromanol ring system are important. Most of the metabolic reactions and processes that are involved with vitamin E are also shared by other fat soluble vitamins. Influencing interactions with other nutrients such as vitamin K or pharmaceuticals are also covered by this review. All these processes modulate the formation of vitamin E metabolites and their concentrations in tissues and body fluids. Differences in metabolism might be responsible for the discrepancies that have been observed in studies performed in vivo and in vitro using vitamin E as a supplement or nutrient. To evaluate individual vitamin E status, the analytical procedures used for detecting and quantifying vitamin E and its metabolites are crucial. The latest methods in analytics are presented.
Bounds for Eigenvalues of Arrowhead Matrices and Their Applications to Hub Matrices and Wireless Communications (2009)

This paper considers the lower and upper bounds of eigenvalues of arrow-head matrices. We propose a parameterized decomposition of an arrowhead matrix which is a sum of a diagonal matrix and a special kind of arrowhead matrix whose eigenvalues can be computed explicitly. The eigenvalues of the arrowhead matrix are then estimated in terms of eigenvalues of the diagonal matrix and the special arrowhead matrix by using Weyl's theorem. Improved bounds of the eigenvalues are obtained by choosing a decomposition of the arrowhead matrix which can provide best bounds. Some applications of these results to hub matrices and wireless communications are discussed.
Negative behavior during marital conflict is associated with immunological down-regulation. (1993)

Although increased morbidity and mortality have been reliably associated with social isolation and less satisfying personal relationships, relatively little is known about the underlying biopsychosocial mechanisms. We assessed problem-solving behaviors and changes in immune function in 90 newlywed couples who were admitted to a hospital research unit for 24 hours. Subjects who exhibited more negative or hostile behaviors during a 30-minute discussion of marital problems showed greater decrements over 24 hours relative to low negative subjects on four functional immunological assays (natural killer cell lysis, blastogenic response to two mitogens, and the proliferative response to a monoclonal antibody to the T3 receptor), as well as larger increases in the numbers of total T lymphocytes and helper T lymphocytes. High negative subjects had higher antibody titers to latent Epstein-Barr virus than low negative subjects, consistent with down-regulated immune function. Women were more likely to show negative immunological changes than men. The discussion of marital problems also led to larger increases in blood pressure that remained elevated longer in high negative subjects than low negative subjects. Positive or supportive problem-solving behaviors were not related to either immunological or blood pressure changes. These physiological differences were particularly noteworthy because marital satisfaction was high in both groups, and couples had been selected on the basis of stringent mental and physical health criteria. These data provide additional support for the link between personal relationships and immune function.
The addition of azomethine ylids to diphenylcyclopropenone: synthesis of novel 4-oxazolines (1968)

J. W. Lown, R. K. Smalley and G. Dallas, Chem. Commun. (London), 1968, 1543 DOI: 10.1039/C19680001543