gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Reduced amino acid alphabet is sufficient to accurately recognize intrinsically disordered protein (2004)

Intrinsically disordered proteins are an important class of proteins with unique functions and properties. Here, we have applied a support vector machine (SVM) trained on naturally occurring disordered and ordered proteins to examine the contribution of various parameters (vectors) to recognizing proteins that contain disordered regions. We find that a SVM that incorporates only amino acid composition has a recognition accuracy of 87+/-2%. This result suggests that composition alone is sufficient to accurately recognize disorder. Interestingly, SVMs using reduced sets of amino acids based on chemical similarity preserve high recognition accuracy. A set as small as four retains an accuracy of 84+/-2%; this suggests that general physicochemical properties rather than specific amino acids are important factors contributing to protein disorder.
C-terminales Clostridium perfringens Enterotoxin Fragment moduliert die Integrität von Tight junctions bei gastrointestinalen Karzinomzellen durch Bindung an Claudin-4 (2009)

Einleitung: Clostridium perfringens Enterotoxin (CPE) wirkt als Gastroenteritis-Toxin zytotoxisch durch Bindung an seinen Rezeptor, das Tight junction Molekül Claudin-4. In Vorarbeiten konnten wir zeigen, dass Claudin-4 am Pankreaskarzinom hoch exprimiert ist, und CPE einen zytotoxischen Effekt auf Pankreaskarzinomzellen ausübt. Das C-terminale Fragment von CPE (C-CPE180–329), dessen Effekte in Tumorzellen bisher nicht erforscht sind, besitzt die Bindungsdomäne an Claudin-4, ist aber selbst nicht zytotoxisch.
Mass transfer of volatile organic contaminants from aqueous solution to the atmosphere during surface aeration (1983)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMass transfer of volatile organic contaminants from aqueous solution to the atmosphere during surface aerationPaul V. Roberts and Paul G. DaendlikerCite this: Environ. Sci. Technol. 1983, 17, 8, 484–489Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1983Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1983https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/es00114a009https://doi.org/10.1021/es00114a009research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views322Altmetric-Citations64LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Boron and Arthritis: The Results of a Double-blind Pilot Study (1990)

This report describes the conduct and results of a double-blind trial comparing oral intake of 6 mg of boron per day to placebo in the treatment of arthritis. The results indicate that boron may well be beneficial. Of the 10 patients on boron, five improved and five did not, but only one of the 10 patients on the placebo improved. This was essentially a pilot trial which showed that a small quantity of boron would greatly relieve severe osteo-arthritis. Of those starting the trial, 50% using boron improved as compared with 10% on placebo; or if we consider those who completed the trial, 71% improved while using boron. There were no side-effects and these were sought. The indication is that boron (as sodium tetraborate decahydrate) are safe and beneficial in the treatment of osteo-arthritis and that further research is required.
Wärmepumpen mit Propan für den Markt entwickeln. Klimafreundliches Kältemittel ersetzt umweltschädliche fluorierte Gase (2023)

Wärmepumpen sind eine Schlüsseltechnologie der Wärmewende. Bislang nutzen jedoch noch viele der Geräte umweltschädliche Kältemittel. Forschung und Industrie setzen daher auf klimafreundliche Alternativen. In den Fokus rückt derzeit vor allem das natürliche Kältemittel Propan. Einige Hersteller haben inzwischen Propan-Wärmepumpen im Programm, die außen aufgestellt werden. Für den Innenbereich und für Mehrfamilienhäuser läuft die Entwicklung auf Hochtouren. Diese Metadaten wurden zur Verfügung gestellt von der Literaturdatenbank RSWB®plus
Function and Regulation of glnA in the Methanogenic Archaeon Methanococcus maripaludis (1999)

The glnA gene in the domains Bacteria and Archaea encodes glutamine synthetase, a universally distributed enzyme that functions in ammonia assimilation and glutamine synthesis. We investigated the regulation and function of glnA in the methanogenic archaeon Methanococcus maripaludis. The deduced amino acid sequence of the gene demonstrated its membership in class GSI-alpha of glutamine synthetases. The gene appeared to be expressed as a monocistronic operon. glnA mRNA levels and specific activities of glutamine synthetase were regulated similarly by nitrogen. Three transcription start sites were identified, corresponding to two overlapping nitrogen-regulated promoters and one weaker constitutive promoter. An inverted repeat immediately upstream of the regulated transcription start sites mediated repression under noninducing conditions. Thus, mutations that altered the sequence of the inverted repeat resulted in derepression. The inverted repeat had sequence similarity with a repeat that we previously identified as the nif operator of M. maripaludis, suggesting a common mechanism of nitrogen regulation. Efforts to produce a glnA null mutant failed, suggesting that glnA is an essential gene in M. maripaludis.
Transgenic Expression of the Anti-parasitic Factor TEP1 in the Malaria Mosquito Anopheles gambiae (2017)

Mosquitoes genetically engineered to be resistant to Plasmodium parasites represent a promising novel approach in the fight against malaria. The insect immune system itself is a source of anti-parasitic genes potentially exploitable for transgenic designs. The Anopheles gambiae thioester containing protein 1 (TEP1) is a potent anti-parasitic protein. TEP1 is secreted and circulates in the mosquito hemolymph, where its activated cleaved form binds and eliminates malaria parasites. Here we investigated whether TEP1 can be used to create malaria resistant mosquitoes. Using a GFP reporter transgene, we determined that the fat body is the main site of TEP1 expression. We generated transgenic mosquitoes that express TEP1r, a potent refractory allele of TEP1, in the fat body and examined the activity of the transgenic protein in wild-type or TEP1 mutant genetic backgrounds. Transgenic TEP1r rescued loss-of-function mutations, but did not increase parasite resistance in the presence of a wild-type susceptible allele. Consistent with previous reports, TEP1 protein expressed from the transgene in the fat body was taken up by hemocytes upon a challenge with injected bacteria. Furthermore, although maturation of transgenic TEP1 into the cleaved form was impaired in one of the TEP1 mutant lines, it was still sufficient to reduce parasite numbers and induce parasite melanization. We also report here the first use of Transcription Activator Like Effectors (TALEs) in Anopheles gambiae to stimulate expression of endogenous TEP1. We found that artificial elevation of TEP1 expression remains moderate in vivo and that enhancement of endogenous TEP1 expression did not result in increased resistance to Plasmodium. Taken together, our results reveal the difficulty of artificially influencing TEP1-mediated Plasmodium resistance, and contribute to further our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying mosquito resistance to Plasmodium parasites.
Low Temperature (375℃) Metal Induced Lateral Crystallization (MILC) of Si<sub>1-x</sub>Ge<sub>x</sub> (0≤x≤1) using Silicide/Germanide Forming Metals (Ni, Pd and Co) (2009)

2009 International Conference on Solid State Devices and Materials,Low Temperature (375℃) Metal Induced Lateral Crystallization (MILC) of Si<sub>1-x</sub>Ge<sub>x</sub> (0≤x≤1) using Silicide/Germanide Forming Metals (Ni, Pd and Co)
Effects of Growth Irradiance and Nitrogen Limitation on Photosynthetic Energy Conversion in Photosystem II (1988)

Photosynthetic energy conversion was investigated in five species of marine unicellular algae, (Dunaliella tertiolecta, Thalassiosira pseudonana, T. weisflogii, Skeletorema costatum, Isochrysis galbana) represent- ing three phylogenetic classes, which were grown under steady state conditions with either light or inorganic nitrogen as a limiting factor. Using a pump and probe fluorescence technique we measured the maxi- mum change in variable fluorescence yields, the flash intensity saturation curves for the change in fluorescence yields and the kinetics of the decay in fluorescence yields. Under all growth irradiance levels nutrient replete cells exhibited approximately the same changes in fluorescence yields and similar fluorescence decay kinetics. The apparent relative absorption cross-section of photosystem II, calculated from the slope of the flash intensity saturation curves, generally increased as cells shade adapted. The decay kinetics of the fluorescence yield following a saturating pump flash can be expressed as the sum of three exponential components, with half-times of 160 and 600 microseconds and 30 to 300 milliseconds. The relative contribution of each component did not change significantly with growth irradiance. As cells became more nitrogen limited, however, the maximum change in fluorescence yield decreased, and was accompanied by a decrease in the proportion of a 160 microsecond fluorescence decay component, which corresponds to the transfer of electrons from QAto
Recoverable values for independent sets (2013)

Abstract The notion of recoverable value was advocated in the work of Feige, Immorlica, Mirrokni and Nazerzadeh (APPROX 2009) as a measure of quality for approximation algorithms. There, this concept was applied to facility location problems. In the current work we apply a similar framework to the maximum independent set problem (MIS). We say that an approximation algorithm has recoverable factor ρ , if for every graph it recovers an independent set of size at least urn:x-wiley:10429832:media:rsa20492:rsa20492-math-0001 where d ( v ) is the degree of vertex v , and I ranges over all independent sets in G . Hence, in a sense, from every vertex v in the maximum independent set the algorithm recovers a value of at least toward the solution. This quality measure is most effective in graphs in which the maximum independent set is composed of low degree vertices. A simple greedy algorithm achieves . We design a new randomized algorithm for MIS that ensures an expected recoverable factor of at least . In passing, we prove that approximating MIS in graphs with a given k ‐coloring within a ratio larger than 2/ k is unique‐games hard. This rules out an alternative approach for obtaining . © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Random Struct. Alg., 46, 142–159, 2015
Effects of sympatho-adrenal activation on the finger microcirculation in mild hypertension. (1992)

Finger skin circulatory responses to three forms of sympatho-adrenal activation were investigated in 14 patients with mild hypertension and 14 matched normotensive controls. Finger nailfold skin capillary blood cell velocity was measured by video-photometric capillaroscopy and finger pulse volume by strain-gauge plethysmography (digital arterial pulse amplitude; DAPA). DAPA decreased more markedly in the normotensive as compared with the hypertensive group during mental arithmetic stress (38 vs. 19%; P less than 0.05) and a cold pressor test (55 vs. 32%; P less than 0.05). Intravenous infusions of adrenaline (0.1-0.8 nmol/kg/min) decreased DAPA in normotensives but not in hypertensives (P less than 0.05). Capillary blood cell velocity was similar in the two groups at rest and decreased promptly and to a similar extent in both groups following mental arithmetic, adrenaline infusion and the cold pressor test (by approximately 60, 60 and 35%, respectively). It is concluded that mental stress and the cold pressor test induce instantaneous and marked effects on the skin circulation via neurogenic activation. The less marked effect on DAPA in the hypertensive group may reflect an elevation of basal vascular tone and/or early structural vascular changes in mild hypertension. The discrepancy between total finger and capillary circulatory responses to adrenaline may be attributable to different adrenoceptor populations and/or sensitivity in arteriovenous shunts, as compared with precapillary vessels.
Exact Gaussian Processes for Massive Datasets via Non-Stationary Sparsity-Discovering Kernels (2022)

Abstract A Gaussian Process (GP) is a prominent mathematical framework for stochastic function approximation in science and engineering applications. This success is largely attributed to the GP's analytical tractability, robustness, non-parametric structure, and natural inclusion of uncertainty quantification. Unfortunately, the use of exact GPs is prohibitively expensive for large datasets due to their unfavorable numerical complexity of $O(N^3)$ in computation and $O(N^2)$ in storage. All existing methods addressing this issue utilize some form of approximation --- usually considering subsets of the full dataset or finding representative pseudo-points that render the covariance matrix well-structured and sparse. These approximate methods can lead to inaccuracies in function approximations and often limit the user's flexibility in designing expressive kernels. Instead of inducing sparsity via data-point geometry and structure, we propose to take advantage of naturally-occurring sparsity by allowing the kernel to discover --- instead of induce --- sparse structure. The premise of this paper is that GPs, in their most native form, are often naturally sparse, but commonly-used kernels do not allow us to exploit this sparsity. The core concept of exact, and at the same time sparse GPs relies on kernel definitions that provide enough flexibility to learn and encode not only non-zero but also zero covariances. This principle of ultra-flexible, compactly-supported, and non-stationary kernels, combined with HPC and constrained optimization, lets us scale exact GPs well beyond 5 million data points.
Treatment of Vocal Cord Carcinoma (1983)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The lead topic in the MEDICAL NEWS section ofThe Journalin the March 11 issue (1983;289:1241) was somewhat misleading. One hundred seventy-seven patients were treated during a 26-year period at the Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, for vocal cord carcinoma. The results are indeed excellent and the authors compared their results with surgical results and include information on cost-effectiveness. The authors may or may not be aware that the advent of the carbon dioxide surgical laser has allowed the endoscopic removal of T1 lesions of the larynx with similar cure rates, decreased cost, and comparable survival rates. During the last four years, I have treated 16 patients with T1 carcinomas of the larynx. Each of these patients was in the hospital for less than 48 hours, and the total charges for the surgeon and hospitalization were considerably less than $2,920,
Chemically pumped atomic iodine pulse laser (1991)

A pulsed iodine laser driven by a chemical oxygen generator was developed. The energy deposition on I(2P3/2) was made by a high-pressure pulsed O2(a1Δg) generator. Although this scheme is the same as the conventional chemically pumped oxygen-iodine laser (COIL), it is unique in that the pulsed laser was extracted by the high-energy density pulsed pumping scheme. The pulse energy obtained was 1.34 J, the pulse width was 1.5 ms, and the peak power was 900 W. The specific energy was estimated to be 3.6 J/ℓ.
Investigation of exhausted tumor-specific CD8 T cells in orthotopic hepatocellular carcinoma mouse model (2018)

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the second leading cause of cancer-related death and the fifth most common kind of cancer worldwide. This cancer has a 5-year survival rate of 10% and its increasing incidence requires the development of efficacious treatments against HCC. Recent advances in immunotherapy demonstrated its capability in treatment of cancer, but there is still potential for further development of immunotherapies against liver cancer. The immune response against cancer is often hampered by upregulation of co-inhibitory receptors on the surface of CD8 T cells. This inhibition leads to emergence of T cell exhaustion, where tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) show a reduced proliferative capacity and low production of effector cytokines IFNγ and TNFα, a mechanism that impedes tumor rejection by CD8 T cells.
Thermal Expansion Analysis of the Complex Body Assemblies (2013)

This paper presents a method of finite element modelling used for thermal expansion analysis of the complex body assemblies. In this research, the assembly of complex body consists of single cylinder air cooling engine block and fixtures necessary for machining and assembling with cylinder casing. The assembly is loaded with an uniform distributed thermal field and the thermal expansion for internal sections of engine block is determined. The minimum section is used for assembling between engine block and cylinder casing by shrink fit technology. The paper also presents a comparison between results obtained using two different methods: linear thermal expansion and finite element method. The final results are implemented in a software tool, named GENgine, developed by the authors and used for digital manufacturing of engine block.
Long-Term In Vivo Monitoring of Adult-Derived Human Liver Stem/Progenitor Cells by Bioluminescence Imaging, Positron Emission Tomography, and Contrast-Enhanced Computed Tomography (2017)

Adult-derived human liver stem/progenitor cells (ADHLSCs) have the potential to alleviate liver injury. However, the optimal delivery route and long-term biodistribution of ADHLSCs remain unclear. In this article, we used a triple fusion reporter system to determine the kinetic differences in the biodistribution of ADHLSCs following intrasplenic (IS) and intrahepatic (IH) administration in severe combined immunodeficiency/beige mice. ADHLSCs were transduced with a lentiviral vector expressing a triple fusion reporter comprising renilla luciferase, monomeric red fluorescent protein, and truncated HSV-1 thymidine kinase. The stability and duration of the transgenes, and the effects of transduction on the cell properties were evaluated in vitro. The acute retention and long-term engraftment in vivo were revealed by positron emission tomography and bioluminescence imaging (BLI), respectively, followed by histochemical analysis. We showed that ADHLSCs can be safely transduced with the triple fusion reporter. Radiolabeled ADHLSCs showed acute cell retention at the sites of injection. The IH group showed a confined BLI signal at the injection site, while the IS group displayed a dispersed distribution at the upper abdominal liver area, and a more intense signal. In conclusion, ADHLSCs could be monitored by BLI for up to 4 weeks with a spread out biodistribution following IS injection.
Strategies for shimming the breast (2005)

There is evidence in the literature indicating a significant static field inhomogeneity in the human breast. A nonhomogenous field results in line broadening and frequency shifts in MRS and can cause intensity loss and spatial errors in MRI. Thus, there is a clear rationale for determining the regional variations in the static field homogeneity in the breast and providing strategies to correct them. Herein, the nature and extent of the static magnetic field at 3 T were measured in central planes of the human breast using both phase maps and multivoxel MRS techniques. In addition, the effect of first- and high-order shimming and of spatial saturation pulses on the static field inhomogeneity was evaluated. Both the theoretical and the measured field were found to be primarily linear in nature, with a reduction of 300 Hz from the nipple to the chest wall. First-order shimming reduced this inhomogeneity by 65%. Interestingly, the combination of spatial saturation pulses and first-order shimming was more effective than high-order shim alone. Since many clinical scanners do not have either higher-order shim or automated higher shimming algorithms that work in the presence of fat, the suggested combination provides an effective means to correct inhomogeneities in the breast.
A cooperative protocol for spectral-efficient cognitive relay networks (2014)

In this paper we propose a cooperative protocol for cognitive wireless networks that can improve the overall system spectral efficiency when a secondary user (SU) incorrectly transmits over the same resource with the primary user (PU). The interfering transmissions are received at relay nodes, that form the cooperative network, and are decoded with successive interference cancellation (SIC). Depending on the decoding results, each relay applies independently a space-time code (STC) to the result and then the relays forward the coded signals simultaneously. The advantages of the protocol are first that it operates passively without the need for source cooperation, and second that it does not adopt a different mode of cooperation for different average channel conditions. Comparative simulations with a state-of-the-art multi-source transmission protocol reveal that our protocol can minimize the impact of incorrectly detecting a PU transmission from the perspective of the overall system spectral efficiency.
Mutational Analysis of Narrow Pores at the Fivefold Symmetry Axes of Adeno-Associated Virus Type 2 Capsids Reveals a Dual Role in Genome Packaging and Activation of Phospholipase A2 Activity (2005)

Adeno-associated virus type 2 (AAV2) capsids show 12 pores at the fivefold axes of symmetry. We mutated amino acids which constitute these pores to investigate possible functions of these structures within the AAV2 life cycle. Mutants with alterations in conserved residues were impaired mainly in genome packaging or infectivity, whereas few mutants were affected in capsid assembly. The packaging phenotype was characterized by increased capsid-per-genome ratios. Analysis of capsid-associated DNA versus encapsidated DNA revealed that this observation was due to reduced and not partial DNA encapsidation. Most mutants with impaired infectivity showed a decreased capability to expose their VP1 N termini. As a consequence, the activation of phospholipase A2 (PLA2) activity, which is essential for efficient infection, was affected on intact capsids. In a few mutants, the exposure of VP1 N termini and the development of PLA2 activity were associated with enhanced capsid instability, which is obviously also deleterious for virus infection. Therefore, PLA2 activity seems to be required on intact capsids for efficient infection. In conclusion, these results suggest that the pores at the fivefold axes function not only as portals for AAV2 single-stranded DNA packaging but also as channels for presentation of the PLA2 domain on AAV2 virions during infection.
Effects of realistic force feedback in a robotic assisted minimally invasive surgery system (2013)

The force feedback capability can improve the quality of palpation and characterization of soft tissues of varying stiffness by restoring sense of touch in robotic assisted minimally invasive surgery operations.