gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effect of a tracheal tumor on breathing sounds: A case study (1999)

A 67-year-old man came to the hospital with a history of shortness of breath on exertion and cough progressing to severe breathlessness at rest over several weeks. Physical exam revealed stridorous sounds in inspiration and expiration heard at the mouth and over the trachea. Lung function tests revealed severe airway obstruction in expiration and probably inspiration. Fiberoptic airway inspection revealed a large mass above and arising from the main carina (first airway bifurcation). This mass obstructed the distal trachea except for a narrow (∼2 mm) circumferential space between the mass and the tracheal wall. Breathing sounds were recorded from in front of the mouth and the anterior neck overlying the trachea both before and after laser ablation of the mass. Before ablation, the tracheal sound exhibited unusual resonances and antiresonances that rose in frequency by nearly 100% during inspiration and fell during expiration. These variable sounds disappeared after laser ablation of the mass. It is postulated that the mass behaved as a dynamic acoustic obstruction and thereby altered the distal boundary condition and resonance behavior of the respiratory tract during breathing. This provides insights into the links between the airway anatomy and measurable acoustic properties of breath sounds.
A Mössbauer spectroscopic study of the cooling history of hypersthene from selected members of the Taupo Pumice formation, New Zealand (1979)

Summary 57 Fe Mössbauer spectroscopy has been used to determine the Mg 2+ -Fe 2+ distribution between the two crystallographically inequivalent cation sites in hypersthenes from a stratigraphic tephra sequence of the Taupo Pumice formation, North Island, New Zealand. From these distributions and X-ray fluorescence analytical data, cooling histories were constructed using previously determined Mg 2+ -Fe 2+ equilibrium isotherms for orthopyroxenes. The results showed that this cooling history geothermometer could be used to enable airfall and airflow tephra to be distinguished. In addition, they showed that the cooling rate of the above deposits correlated better with the deposit thickness, than with the distance of the deposit from the source.
Initial skin cancer screening for solid organ transplant recipients in the United States: Delphi method development of expert consensus guidelines (2019)

Skin cancer is the most common malignancy affecting solid organ transplant recipients (SOTR), and SOTR experience increased skin cancer-associated morbidity and mortality. There are no formal multidisciplinary guidelines for skin cancer screening after transplant, and current practices are widely variable. We conducted three rounds of Delphi method surveys with a panel of 84 U.S. dermatologists and transplant physicians to establish skin cancer screening recommendations for SOTR. The transplant team should risk stratify SOTR for screening, and dermatologists should perform skin cancer screening by full-body skin examination. SOTR with a history of skin cancer should continue regular follow-up with dermatology for skin cancer surveillance. High-risk transplant patients include thoracic organ recipients, SOTR age 50 and above, and male SOTR. High-risk Caucasian patients should be screened within 2 years after transplant, all Caucasian, Asian, Hispanic, and high-risk African American patients should be screened within 5 years after transplant. No consensus was reached regarding screening for low-risk African American SOTR. We propose a standardized approach to skin cancer screening in SOTR based on multidisciplinary expert consensus. These guidelines prioritize and emphasize the need for screening for SOTR at greatest risk for skin cancer.
Channel-aware routing for underwater wireless networks (2012)

This paper presents a new cross layer routing protocol for underwater wireless sensor networks. The solution, termed CARP for Channel-aware Routing Protocol, exploits link quality information for cross layer relay determination. Nodes are selected as relays if they have a (recent) history of successful transmissions to their neighbors. CARP combines link quality with simple topology information (hop count), thus being able to route around connectivity voids and shadow zones. The protocol is also designed to take advantage of power control for selecting robust links. The performance of CARP has been evaluated through ns2-based simulations, and compared to the performance of two previously proposed routing protocols, namely, FBR and DBR. Our results show that CARP robust relay selection mechanism enables it to achieve throughput efficiency that is up to twice the throughput of FBR and almost three times that of DBR. CARP also obtains remarkable performance improvements over FBR and DBR with respect to end-to-end packet latency and energy consumption.
Local structure analysis of Bi0.5Na0.5TiO3 (2015)

The potential lead-free piezoelectric material bismuth sodium titanate, Bi0.5Na0.5TiO3 (BNT), was investigated by means of high-energy synchrotron X-ray diffraction. BNT has been assumed thus far to exhibit the rhombohedral space group R3c at room temperature. Recently, the average structure of BNT was described by the monoclinic space group C c. We performed a local structure analysis of BNT using atomic pair-distribution function method. The ground state of BNT was found to have a rhombohedral structure in which bismuth and sodium atoms were chemically ordered in the perovskite A-site.
Immunotargeting of apolipoprotein E in amyloid: an initial trial in mice. (2009)

Apolipoprotein E is commonly present in systemic amyloid deposits. To investigate the possibility of using apolipoprotein E immunotargeting in the diagnosis and treatment of amyloidosis, we examined whether anti-apolipoprotein E monoclonal antibody was bound to murine amyloid deposits in vivo and whether it influenced amyloidogenesis. This study utilized a radiolabeled monoclonal antibody specific to human apolipoprotein E fragments and human apolipoprotein E-knock-in mice, in which AA amyloidosis was induced. Accumulation of the injected radiolabeled antibody was significantly higher in the organs of amyloidotic mice than in those of non-amyloidotic mice. Plasma clearance of the antibody did not differ between the amyloidotic and non-amyloidotic mice. The antibody was given to mice during amyloid induction but failed to prevent amyloidogenesis. The results of this initial study are encouraging, but considerable improvement is necessary, particularly in regard to development of a high affinity antibody.
An environmentally friendly route for beneficiation of rare earth-bearing minerals by Pickering emulsification: adjusting the interfacial and formulation parameters (2020)

A proper process formulation for cleaner separation of rare earth minerals through Pickering emulsification: an alternative to flotation.
Slowing pig growth during COVID-19, models for use in future market fluctuations (2021)

COVID-19 has provided global challenges to almost every industry. Among these challenges were positive cases of COVID-19 in employees at swine processing facilities, leading to temporary, or extended, shutdown of the facilities (Millet et al., 2020). In the United States, processing capacity is closely aligned with the number of pigs produced such that packing facility shutdowns or slowdowns rapidly results in a backlog of pigs needing to be harvested. Thus, there was no place for the pigs to go that were ready for market. Swine processing under federal inspection began to decrease in late March 2020 (Figure 1; USDA, 2020). The lowest weekly harvest occurred from April 27 to May 2, 2020, which represented a decrease of approximately 45% of normal slaughter capacity.






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Figure 1.


Estimated weekly swine harvest under federal inspection in 2020. Data adapted from USDA Livestock, Poultry, and Grain Market News Division.
Characterization and localization of Rickettsia sp. in water beetles of genus Deronectes (Coleoptera: Dytiscidae) (2009)

In the present study, Rickettsia sp. was detected in four water beetles of the genus Deronectes (Dytiscidae) for the first time. Rickettsiae were found in 100% of examined specimens of Deronectes platynotus (45/45), 39.4% of Deronectes aubei (28/71), 40% of Deronectes delarouzei (2/5) and 33.3% of Deronectes semirufus (1/3). Analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed a phylogenetic relationship with rickettsial isolates of Limonia chorea (Diptera), tentatively classified as members of the basal ancestral group. Phylogenetic analysis of the gltA (citrate synthase) gene sequences showed that Deronectes symbionts were closest to bacterial symbionts from spiders. Ultrastructural examinations revealed typical morphological features and intracellular arrangements of rickettsiae. The distribution, transmission and localization of Rickettsia sp. in D. platynotus were studied using a diagnostic PCR assay and FISH. Eggs from infected females of D. platynotus were all Rickettsia-positive, indicative of a vertical transmission.
Development of an Autotuned Transcutaneous Energy Transfer System (1993)

A transcutaneous energy transfer (TET) system has been developed to power implanted devices such as heart assist devices, artificial hearts, defibrillators, and electrical stimulators. The TET system transfers power by electromagnetic induction without the need for percutaneous leads. For ease of implantation and patient comfort, it is desirable to use TET coils that are as small as possible. One problem encountered with TET designs that use small coils is a high sensitivity to coil electromagnetic coupling caused by changes in separation. These changes can result from variation in tissue thickness between subjects and from displacement of the coils that can occur during breathing and general body movement. Changes in coil coupling result in similar changes in the resonant frequency of the TET transformer, which can reduce power transfer and efficiency. The EVAD TET system was designed to address this problem by incorporating a technique for automatically tuning the power driver stage of the transformer. The system is able to deliver maximum output power of approximately 60 watts at a coil separation of 5 mm, falling to approximately 45 watts at a coil separation of 15 mm. The system can deliver a maximum efficiency of 75–80%, reducing to approximately 60% and 60 watts. The results presented demonstrate the system's ability to compensate for variations in coil separation by resonant frequency tracking. This has optimized power transfer throughout the required range of coil coupling conditions.
Structure and anatomy of the aortic root (2009)

The leaflets and their hingelines, aortic sinuses, interleaflets triangles sinutubular junction, and ventriculo-arterial junction and their structures adjoining the junctions should be taken into account when considering the aortic root. Owing to its central location, the aortic root is in close proximity to all the cardiac chambers, the atrial septum, ventricular septum and the atrioventricular conduction bundle.
Ednrb2 orients cell migration towards the dorsolateral neural crest pathway and promotes melanocyte differentiation (2005)

Endothelin receptors B (Ednrb) are involved in the development of the enteric and melanocytic lineages, which originate from neural crest cells (NCCs). In mice, trunk NCCs and their derivatives express only one Ednrb. In quail, trunk NCCs express two Ednrb: Ednrb and Ednrb2. Quail Ednrb is expressed in NCCs migrating along the ventral pathway, which gives rise to the peripheral nervous system, including enteric ganglia. Ednrb2 is upregulated in NCCs before these cells enter the dorsolateral pathway. The NCCs migrating along the dorsolateral pathway are melanocyte precursors. We analyzed the in vitro differentiation and in ovo migration of mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells expressing and not expressing Ednrb2. We generated a series of transfected ES cell lines expressing Ednrb2. This receptor, like Ednrb, oriented genuine ES cells towards melanocyte lineage differentiation in vitro. The in ovo migration of Ednrb2-expressing ES cells was massively oriented towards the dorsolateral pathway, unlike that of WT or Ednrb-expressing ES cells. Thus, Ednrb2 is involved in melanoblast differentiation and migration.
Trust Networking for Beyond 5G and 6G (2020)

Trust in a network context is about expected outcomes of decisions to communicate with a remote party, to click on a link or to believe in what an email says. The possible outcomes are either the positive value of the communication or being hacked or cheated in some way. Trust spans all protocol layers from the IP layer to applications and content. ITU - T is working on the framework architecture for trust networking. The White Paper after 1st IEEE 6G Summit advocated embedding trust into the 6G network in its networking chapter. We have worked on a concept we call Customer Edge Switching or cooperative firewalling for several years. In this paper, we analyze the proposed frameworks for the context of 6G and point out directions of future work. We offer several use cases where the framework could be first used and what are the regulatory issues in using the technology for Internet Access under the “open Internet” regulation.
Synthesis of 5-fluoro-1,3-dioxin-4-ones: versatile building blocks of fluorinated compounds (1991)

Fluorination of 5,6-unsubstituted 1,3-dioxin-4-ones by fluorine followed by treatment with triethylamine affords the title compounds, which can be converted into fluorinated derivatives of either formylacetic acid or of heterocyclic systems.
Domain configurations in the giant magnetostrictive TbxHo1−xFe1.9 system in different easy axis regimes (1993)

Domains have been observed in TbxHo1−xFe1.9 over the composition range 0&amp;lt;x&amp;lt;0.2 and temperature range −10 to +100 °C, as a function of bias field. In the region where this system is 〈100〉 easy, the movement of {110} 90° domain walls is shown to be responsible for the generation of negative magnetostrain, with increasing bias field. When 〈111〉 is easy, 71° domain walls in {110} have been identified with a bias field applied. For x=0.1, at remanence, 180° domain walls rotate smoothly with increasing temperature, from {100} when 〈100〉 is easy to {110} when 〈111〉 is easy. The presence of a bias field, at any temperature, brings out {110} walls which are 90° walls in the 〈100〉 easy, low temperature, regime and 71° walls in the 〈111〉 easy, high temperature, regime. At intermediate temperatures these walls remain in {110} with the magnetization in directions between 〈100〉 and 〈111〉. These domain observations are shown to be consistent with theoretical magnetomechanical behavior based on a 〈1uu〉, 0&amp;lt;u&amp;lt;1, transition in easy axis.
Corrigendum to ‘Adult-onset mitochondrial encephalomyopathy, lactic acidosis and stroke-like episodes (MELAS) syndrome with progressive sensorineural hearing loss: A case report [Radiology Case Reports 16 (2021) 1865-1869] (2021)

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1016/j.radcr.2021.04.049.].
Mechanisms of Photophobia in Mild Traumatic Brain Injury in Human Subjects: Therapeutic Implications (2015)

Abstract : The objective of the project is the investigation of two proposed mechanisms of mTBI-related photophobia: 1) that mRGC damage is a primary mechanism in photophobia and 2) that mTBI-induced edema can be the causal mechanism of photophobia. The project uses ERG (Aim 1), high-density EEG (Aim 2), functional MRI (Aim 3), and tensor-based morphometric MRI (Aim 4) to assess the respective contributions of these mechanisms of photophobia in humans with mTBI, providing biomarkers for the involvement of these mechanisms. The goal for the present period was to complete the analysis techniques for all four Aims and begin testing the photophobic and non-photophobic participants. For Aim 1, a novel approach of recording ERGs through the EGI net was validated and the latency and amplitude assessment technique for each color condition developed. For Aim 2, a component analysis for the high-density EEG was developed and shown to elicit responses with the predicted mRGC-specific spectral characteristics. In Aim 3, the fMRI techniques for determining subcortical brain structures activated by mRGC-specific stimuli were validated. In Aim 4, the tensor-based morphometry methodology was developed to assess brain tissue edema or shrinkage relative to controls. The testing of participants on all four modalities is on schedule.
ChemInform Abstract: Diastereoselective Reduction of Cyclic Imines and β‐Enamino Esters. (1996)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Supplementary Methods, Figures 1-2, Tables 1-4 from Combinatorial Chemotherapeutic Efficacy in Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma Can Be Predicted by a Signaling Model of CD20 Pharmacodynamics (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 1.4MB&lt;/p&gt;
Evaluation of the Collision Avoidance and Vehicular Information-Exchange Anchored Relay (CAVIAR) System (2005)

Collision avoidance requires knowledge regarding the condition of the vehicle’s surroundings. In order to obtain this information, a variety of sensing technologies are currently under development. Obtaining this information via inter-vehicle communication can be thought of as one such sensing technique. However, the rapid changes in the driving environment due to the vehicle traveling at high speeds or heavy concentrations of vehicles brought on by congestion present problems to communications stability. To improve communication stability under these conditions, this paper presents a unique wireless communication protocol that adapts to the surrounding driving environment, which we call Collision Avoidance and Vehicular Information-exchange Anchored Relay (CAVIAR) protocol.
Mechanotransductive cascade of Myo-II-dependent mesoderm and endoderm invaginations in embryo gastrulation (2017)

Animal development consists of a cascade of tissue differentiation and shape change. Associated mechanical signals regulate tissue differentiation. Here we demonstrate that endogenous mechanical cues also trigger biochemical pathways, generating the active morphogenetic movements shaping animal development through a mechanotransductive cascade of Myo-II medio-apical stabilization. To mimic physiological tissue deformation with a cell scale resolution, liposomes containing magnetic nanoparticles are injected into embryonic epithelia and submitted to time-variable forces generated by a linear array of micrometric soft magnets. Periodic magnetically induced deformations quantitatively phenocopy the soft mechanical endogenous snail-dependent apex pulsations, rescue the medio-apical accumulation of Rok, Myo-II and subsequent mesoderm invagination lacking in sna mutants, in a Fog-dependent mechanotransductive process. Mesoderm invagination then activates Myo-II apical accumulation, in a similar Fog-dependent mechanotransductive process, which in turn initiates endoderm invagination. This reveals the existence of a highly dynamic self-inductive cascade of mesoderm and endoderm invaginations, regulated by mechano-induced medio-apical stabilization of Myo-II.
Fast left prefrontal rTMS acutely suppresses analgesic effects of perceived controllability on the emotional component of pain experience (2020)

The prefrontal cortex may be a promising target for transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) in the management of pain. It is not clear how prefrontal TMS affects pain perception, but previous findings suggest that ventral lateral and medial prefrontal circuits may comprise an important part of a circuit of ‘perceived controllability’ regarding pain, stress and learned helplessness. While the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex is a common TMS target for treating clinical depression as well as modulating pain, little is known about whether TMS over this area may affect perceived controllability. The present study explored the immediate effects of fast TMS over the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex on the analgesic effects of perceived pain controllability. Twenty-four healthy volunteers underwent a laboratory pain task designed to manipulate perception of pain controllability. Real TMS, compared to sham, suppressed the analgesic benefits of perceived-control on the emotional dimension of pain, but not the sensory/discriminatory dimension. Findings suggest that, at least acutely, fast TMS over the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex may interrupt the perceived-controllability effect on the emotional dimension of pain experience. While it is not clear whether this cortical area is directly involved with modulating perceived controllability or whether downstream effects are responsible for the present findings, it appears possible that left dorsolateral prefrontal TMS may produce analgesic effects by acting through a cortical ‘perceived control’ circuit regulating limbic and brainstem areas of the pain circuit.
Beware! propylene-propane split (1987)

Neither Soave-Redlich-Kwong (SRK) nor Peng-Robinson (PR) equation of state in ASPEN (Advanced System for Processing Engineering) process simulator adequately describes propylene-propane mixtures and their deviation from ideal mixtures. Yet, Howat and Swift developed a correlation that fits experimental data very well. The differences among ideal solution, SRK or PR and the Howat-Swift correlations in terms of propylene's apparent volatility relative to propane are shown. The vapor-liquid equilibrium diagram is another way to show the difference between SRK or PR and Howat-Swift's correlation at normal temperatures. For a feed that is propylene-rich, SRK or PR underestimates the minimum reflux ratio and required number of theoretical trays above the feed tray. For a feed that is propane-rich, SRK or PR overestimates the minimum reflux ratio and number of theoretical trays below the feed tray.
Über die Sulfonierung von Olefinen – Einfluß der Reaktionsbedingungen und der Olefinstruktur auf die Sulfonierungsprodukte (1970)

Abstract Es wird über die bei der Sulfonierung von n‐α‐Olefinen mit nicht komplex gebundenem SO 3 ablaufenden Reaktionen und die dabei entstehenden Produkte berichtet. Ein aus dem Sulfonierungsverlauf sowie aus der Produktzusammensetzung abzuleitender Reaktionsmechanismus wird angegeben. Durch die Sulfonierungs‐ und Aufarbeitungsbedingungen läßt sich die Zusammensetzung der α‐Olefin‐Sulfonierungsprodukte in gewissen Grenzen variieren. Es werden die Sulfonierungsergebnisse unverzweigter innenständiger Olefine, an der Doppelbindung monoalkylverzweigter Olefine und technischer Oligo‐olefine mitgeteilt.