gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Concentration-dependent effects of resveratrol and metabolites on the redox status of human erythrocytes in single-dose studies (2015)

Dietary trans-resveratrol (RES) is rapidly metabolized into sulfated and glucuronated conjugates in humans. This study focused on the in vitro determination of the antioxidant capacity of RES and its main physiological metabolites and on its relevance in vivo. In vitro, RES, RES-3-O-sulfate (R3S) and 3-O-glucuronide (R3G) showed antioxidant activities at a concentration of 1mM when compared to Trolox using an assay in which the antioxidant inhibits iron-induced linoleic acid oxidation: 0.87±0.08mM Trolox equivalents (TE) for RES, 0.52±0.01mM TE for R3S and 0.36±0.02mM TE for R3G. At a concentration of 1μM, compounds promoted linoleic acid peroxidation (RES -0.30±0.09mM TE, R3S -0.48±0.05mM TE and R3G -0.57±0.07mM TE). To elucidate whether these effects were reflected in vivo, total antioxidant capacity, reactive oxygen species (ROS), conjugated fatty acid dienes (CD), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities were determined in human plasma and erythrocytes over 24h, after oral intake of either 0.05g RES as piceid or 5g RES. Oral administration of RES did not show an impact on total antioxidant capacity, ROS or CD. However, enzymatic activities of ROS scavenging SOD and CAT were significantly lower after high-dose compared to low-dose administration of RES (P<.03 and P<.01). In conclusion, in healthy subjects, neither 0.05g nor 5g RES changed blood oxidative state, although our in vitro data point to a prooxidative activity of low concentrations of RES and its metabolites, which could be important in vivo for individuals with compromised antioxidant defense capacity.
Safe Impact Speed for Hollow Circular Cylinders (1970)

An analog simulation of stress wave propagation in hollow circular cylinders with, and without, end caps for the purpose of determining safe impact velocity. The results were checked with experimental tests run by Sandia Corporation.
ReFIT: Relevance Feedback from a Reranker during Inference (2023)

Retrieve-and-rerank is a prevalent framework in neural information retrieval, wherein a bi-encoder network initially retrieves a pre-defined number of candidates (e.g., K=100), which are then reranked by a more powerful cross-encoder model. While the reranker often yields improved candidate scores compared to the retriever, its scope is confined to only the top K retrieved candidates. As a result, the reranker cannot improve retrieval performance in terms of Recall@K. In this work, we propose to leverage the reranker to improve recall by making it provide relevance feedback to the retriever at inference time. Specifically, given a test instance during inference, we distill the reranker's predictions for that instance into the retriever's query representation using a lightweight update mechanism. The aim of the distillation loss is to align the retriever's candidate scores more closely with those produced by the reranker. The algorithm then proceeds by executing a second retrieval step using the updated query vector. We empirically demonstrate that this method, applicable to various retrieve-and-rerank frameworks, substantially enhances retrieval recall across multiple domains, languages, and modalities.
Effect of Charge Trapping∕Detrapping on Threshold Voltage Shift of IGZO TFTs under AC Bias Stress (2012)

We have investigated the dependency of alternating current (AC) stress duty ratio on the stability of indium-gallium-zinc-oxide (IGZO) thin-film transistors (TFTs). As the duty ratio increases from 0.25 to 0.75, threshold voltage (VTH) shift under the AC gate bias stress was increased from 4.10 V to 5.01 V, without degradation of subthreshold slope and mobility. The dominant mechanism of VTH shift was considered the charge trapping and VTH shift along with time was well fitted to a stretched-exponential model. The VTH shift was suppressed with a reduction of trap density by employing N2O plasma treatment on the gate insulator.
Mammalian middle ear mechanics: A review (2022)

The middle ear is part of the ear in all terrestrial vertebrates. It provides an interface between two media, air and fluid. How does it work? In mammals, the middle ear is traditionally described as increasing gain due to Helmholtz's hydraulic analogy and the lever action of the malleus-incus complex: in effect, an impedance transformer. The conical shape of the eardrum and a frequency-dependent synovial joint function for the ossicles suggest a greater complexity of function than the traditional view. Here we review acoustico-mechanical measurements of middle ear function and the development of middle ear models based on these measurements. We observe that an impedance-matching mechanism (reducing reflection) rather than an impedance transformer (providing gain) best explains experimental findings. We conclude by considering some outstanding questions about middle ear function, recognizing that we are still learning how the middle ear works.
Characteristics of ALD HfSiO/sub x/ using new si precursors for gate dielectric applications (2005)

We have successfully developed a process for ALD HfSiO/sub x/ that can provide excellent compositional control by using new Si precursors, Si/sub 2/Cl/sub 6/ (HCDS) and SiH[(CH/sub 3/)/sub 2/]/sub 3/ (tDMAS). In addition, comparisons of electrical properties of HfSiO/sub x/ using two Si precursors have been performed. CMOSFET with HfSiO/sub x/ using HCDS results in better reliability characteristics than tDMAS. Superior electron and hole mobility (100% and 90% of universal curve at 0.8MV/cm) are also achieved with HCDS. Consequently, HCDS has the potential to be used as a Si precursor for ALD HfSiO/sub x/.
A Survey of Industry Models for Perforator Performance: Suggestions for Improvements (2009)

Abstract For perforated natural completions, well productivity is dependent on the depth of the perforation tunnels extending beyond the drilling damage (all other things being equal). It is therefore important to accurately predict perforation depth at downhole conditions, in order to enable accurate prediction of well performance. Most industry penetration models in use today are based largely on laboratory experiments conducted during the 1960's through the 1990's. Over the past decade or so, it has been observed that the accuracy of these models has not kept up with the true downhole performance of modern shaped charge perforators. Furthermore, different models can give quite different predictions of penetration performance of the same perforating system, in the same downhole environment. To address this situation, the authors have recently conducted an extensive series of laboratory experiments, the results of which are enabling improved prediction of penetration performance in the field. Several hundred modern charges of different sizes have been shot into multiple rock types under simulated downhole stress conditions. The primary conclusions of this work include: (1) historical penetration models tend to overpredict penetration at downhole conditions; (2) some industry models overpredict to a greater extent than others; (3) the discrepancy is partly due to the industry's continued reliance on performance into surface concrete targets. In addition, we observe that historical models tend to treat all charges equally, imposing the assumption that increased performance in one target (i.e. surface concrete) always and everywhere ensures increased performance in all targets (i.e. various stressed rocks). While this intuitive assumption is proven true as the "rule" on average, we find some significant exceptions. Although these exceptions complicate predictive modeling efforts, they do suggest opportunities to optimize charges for certain targets preferentially over others. Our conclusions have led to ongoing work including (1) the development of improved penetration models, which rely exclusively on stressed rock, rather than unstressed concrete, performance; (2) the development of perforators optimized for downhole conditions, rather than for surface concrete.
Design and experimental attitude control of an unmanned Tilt-Rotor aerial vehicle (2011)

The design and experimental control of an unmanned Tilt-Rotor aerial vehicle operating in Bi-Rotor mode is presented in this article. Tilt-Rotor UAVs exhibit important flight characteristics due to their ability to fly both like a rotorcraft (in Bi-Rotor Mode) and like a fixed-wing aerial system. The ability of having a dual flight envelope makes ideal for complex missions where both the speed and flight endurance of a fixed-wing design and the hovering, aggressive maneuvering and vertical take-off/landing capabilities of a helicopter are needed. In the work presented, the main design principles, the Bi-Rotor mode nonlinear/linearized dynamics and the corresponding attitude tracking controller design are exhibited. Experimental studies in attitude stabilization indicate the overall system and controller's efficiency in hovering operation.
Vision-Based UAV Formation Control (2018)

Conventional Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) formation requires radio communication between the UAVs and the ground control station. However, noise and interruption in the communication links may result in severe consequences. In this paper, vision-based line formation is introduced to eliminate the problems mentioned earlier. Individual UAV with a camera on-board can detect its neighboring UAVs by implementing the concept of the Histogram of Oriented Gradients (HOG) descriptors and cascade classifiers. Image processing such as removal of shadow is applied to improve the detection rates. Upon successful detection, the Leader-Follower formation theory is applied to allow the follower UAV to distinguish and follow the path of the leader UAV. Lastly, to control the movement of the UAVs, a flight controller is designed and implemented on Simulink, based on the line formation requirements.
Social Simulation for Social Justice (2017)

We argue that social simulation can help us understand social justice issues. In particular, modeling certain social dynamics within computational systems can be used to creatively explore and better understand the social and identity dynamics of oppression. Writing theories of oppression in code forces us to explicate everything, and question what we leave out or what we can’t account for. As an early step in this direction, we present an in-progress social simulation of group discussion in activist meetings, developed in the already-existing AI system, Ensemble. Through this minimal, highly constrained social arena, we can explore wide-reaching phenomena like privilege, intersectionality, and power dynamics in nonhierarchical groups, but in a way that’s grounded in concrete, person-to-person interactions. We propose that this kind of social simulation can aid in the process of unlearning hegemonic ways of being, and imagining liberatory alternatives.
Coordinate changes in gene expression which mark the spinous to granular cell transition in epidermis are regulated by protein kinase C. (1993)

The protective function of skin depends on successful completion of a tightly regulated multi-step differentiation program, during which the induction of markers for a specific stage in epidermal differentiation is coupled to repression of markers expressed at the preceding stage. We have explored the role of protein kinase C (PKC) in this process using an in vitro model system, in which cultures of primary mouse epidermal keratinocytes are induced to terminally differentiate by raising the Ca2+ concentration in the medium from 0.05 to 0.12 mM. At doses which activate PKC, 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) and 1-oleoyl-2-acetylglycerol block Ca(2+)-mediated induction of the spinous cell markers keratins K1 and K10 at both the protein and mRNA level. TPA and 1-oleoyl-2-acetylglycerol also rapidly repress K1 and K10 mRNA expression when added to differentiating keratinocyte cultures already expressing these markers. The inhibition of K1 mRNA expression by TPA is blocked in cells where PKC has been inactivated with bryostatin. TPA-mediated loss of K1 mRNA is also blocked in cells exposed to cycloheximide or actinomycin D implicating a PKC-induced protein factor in this process. The loss of K1 mRNA in TPA-treated cultures is the result of both a selective destabilization of K1 transcripts and a rapid inhibition of K1 gene transcription. In contrast to the dramatic repression of mRNAs typical for spinous cell differentiation, activation of PKC concurrently enhances expression of mRNAs and proteins for the granular cell markers loricrin and filaggrin. This response does not occur in cells pre-treated with bryostatin to inactivate PKC. Our results suggest that PKC is a fundamental regulator of the coordinate changes in keratinocyte gene expression that occur during the spinous to granular cell transition in epidermis.
Automated coronary plaque characterisation with intravascular ultrasound backscatter: ex vivo validation. (2007)

Automated spectral analysis of IVUS backscatter provides accurate ex vivo information on plaque composition, with considerable potential for assessment of plaque vulnerability in real-time.
DNA methyltransferase 1 knockdown induces silenced CDH1 gene reexpression by demethylation of methylated CpG in hepatocellular carcinoma cell line SMMC-7721 (2007)

In hepatocellular carcinoma, DNMT1 is necessary to maintain the methylation of CpG islands in certain tumor-related genes.
Purification and Properties of Phosphoglucomutase from Fleischmann's Yeast (1975)

1. A procedure has been described for the purification of the major isozyme of yeast phosphoglucomutase of highest known specific activity. 2. The native enzyme has a molecular weight of about 65400 and was found to be homogeneous as judged by sucrose density gradient centrifugation, gel filtration, electrophoresis on acrylamide gel and ultracentrifugal analysis. In the presence of denaturing agents such as guanidine hydrochloride or sodium dodecyl sulfate, the enzyme dissociated into 32000-molecular-weight subunits. 3. As isolated, the enzyme has one mole of phosphate bound per mole of enzyme. Preparations incubated with 1.0 mM EDTA in 10 mM citrate buffer, pH 5.5 and dialysed against 10 mM metal-free citrate buffer, pH 5.5, contain no intrinsically bound Zn2+ and were enzymically inactive but fully active in the presence of 5 mM Mg2+ and 84% as active with 0.5 mM Zn2+. Simultaneous presence of both ions at these concentrations did not enhance activity. Enzyme was completely and irreversibly inactivated by preincubation with Be2+. Inactive enzyme had one mole of Be2+ bound per mole of enzyme. 4. Enzyme exhibited "ping-pong" kinetics rather than "random sequential". Km values for glucose 1-phosphate and for glucose 1,6-bisphosphate were calculated to be 2.34 times 10(-5) M and 2.24 times 10(-6) M, respectively. Rate of enzyme phosphate turnover was studied with rapid-mixing technique. The rates of 32P release from 32P-labeled enzyme and its appearance as glucose 6-[32P]phosphate were comparable and remained unaffected by addition of glucose 1,6-bisphosphate.
Cerebral Metabolic Stress Is Lower in Patients with Sickle Cell Anemia on Hydroxyurea Therapy (2017)

Hydroxyurea (HU) is the only medication available with neuroprotective potential in sickle cell anemia (SCA), yet the physiological mechanisms of this effect remain unclear. We utilized MRI to measure cerebral blood flow (CBF) and oxygen extraction fraction (OEF) to test our hypothesis that HU therapy relieves ongoing cerebral metabolic stress by decreasing OEF in patients with SCA. Brain MRI measured CBF (pseudo-continuous arterial spin labeling), OEF (asymmetric spin echo sequence that measures voxel-wise tissue deoxyhemoglobin) and vasculopathy (magnetic resonance angiography) in prospectively enrolled participants with SCA. FMRIB9s Linear Image Registration Tool individually co-registered CBF and OEF maps to corresponding T1 images, and FMRIB9s Automated Segmentation Tool segmented gray and white matter (GM and WM). For analysis, participants were cohorted by SCA therapy they were receiving at the time of the MRI. Group comparisons between SCA without HU, SCA with HU, and SCA pre-transfusion (pre-tx; MRI up to 24 hours before chronic tx therapy) were made with Kruskal-Wallis or chi-squared test, followed by pairwise comparisons with Mann-Whitney U test. Bivariate correlations were described with Spearman9s rho. Significance was specified as p-value Seventy-nine participants with SCA (70 HbSS, 9 HbSβ 0 thalassemia) underwent MRI. There was no significant difference in age (p = 0.965) or sex (p = 0.471) among treatment cohorts. Hemoglobin (Hb) was significantly different between cohorts (p = 0.001). While the SCA without HU cohort had a significantly lower Hb than both SCA with HU (p = 0.010) and SCA pre-tx (p There was no difference in GM (p = 0.680) or WM (p = 0.736) CBF among the 3 cohorts, even after controlling for age with multiple regression. However, there was a significant difference in GM OEF among cohorts (p To investigate potential mechanisms of metabolic stress reduction, we evaluated the relationship between OEF, total Hb, % Hb A, % Hb F and % Hb S. OEF and Hb were strongly correlated in both GM and WM (GM: spearman9s rho = -0.857, p 2 = 0.737, p = 0.003), and for WM OEF (total Hb: β = -0.041, p 2 = 0.719, p We report the first investigation into the effects of HU on cerebral oxygen metabolism in SCA. Our data suggest that HU mitigates ongoing cerebral metabolic stress by improving cerebral oxygen delivery, allowing reduction in OEF without altering CBF; however, the degree of OEF correction is not as strong as chronic tx therapy. Longitudinal evaluation of these cohorts is needed to determine if the improvement in OEF by HU is sufficient for prevention of stroke and cognitive dysfunction in patients with SCA. Disclosures Fields: Proclara Biosciences: Equity Ownership. Hulbert: Pfizer: Other: Spouse employment at Pfizer.
Cloud MapReduce: A MapReduce Implementation on Top of a Cloud Operating System (2011)

Like a traditional Operating System (OS), a cloud OS is responsible for managing the low level cloud resources and presenting a high level interface to the application programmers in order to hide the infrastructure details. However, unlike a traditional OS, a cloud OS has to manage these resources at scale. If a cloud OS has already taken on the complexity to make its services scalable, we should be able to greatly simplify a large-scale system design and implementation if we build on top of it. Unfortunately, a cloud's scale comes at a price. For example, Amazon cloud not only relies on horizontal scaling, but it also adopts a weaker consistency model called eventual consistency. We describe Cloud MapReduce (CMR), which implements the MapReduce programming model on top of the Amazon cloud OS. CMR is a demonstration that it is possible to overcome the cloud limitations and simplify system design and implementation by building on top of a cloud OS. We describe how we overcome the limitations presented by horizontal scaling and the weaker consistency guarantee. Our experimental results show that CMR runs faster than Hadoop, another implementation of MapReduce, and that CMR is a practical system. We believe that the techniques we used are general enough that they can be used to build other systems on top of a cloud OS.
Stereoselective Synthesis of Quaternary Center Bearing Azetines and Their β-Amino Acid Derivatives (2008)

We describe here the use of a stable, four-membered azetine heterocycle for the preparation of highly substituted beta-amino acid derivatives. Imidazolidinone chiral auxiliaries were found to eliminate a competitive reaction pathway that had been present under previously reported conditions for azetine synthesis. The ephedrine derived imidazolidin-2-one 21 was allowed to react as its chlorotitanium enolate with O-methyl or -benzyl oximes under optimized conditions to gain improved access to azetines at the gram scale. The azetines were further found to undergo alkylation with complete diastereocontrol, affording the creation of a quaternary center. Subsequent ring opening with benzoyl chloride and auxiliary cleavage provided the corresponding beta2,2,3-amino carbonyl derivatives in good yields.
Painful Nonunion of Multiple Rib Fractures Managed by Operative Stabilization (2000)

Cacchione, Robert N. MD; Richardson, J. David MD; Seligson, David MD Author Information
Socio Economic Status of Handloom Weavers in Warangal Urban District (2019)

Handloom sector is a leading sphere in the country after agriculture in providing direct and indirect employment to more than 43 lakh weavers and allied workers. The present study was taken up to find out the socio economic status of handloom weavers. Purposive random sampling method was used to select the 120durrie weavers from Warangal urban. Income, educational qualification, and profession were taken into consideration to compute socioeconomic status. Findings revealed that gender ratio in the occupation was3:1. Most of the young adult and middle aged women weavers were involved in weaving and the percentage was significantly higher than men weavers. There was a significant positive relationship between socio economic status and BMI, r (118) = 0.0512, p <0.1. There is a significant positive relationship between socio economic status and working hours, r (118) = 0.068, p < 0.1. It can be concluded that individuals who spend active time on weaving will earn more amount of remuneration, so automatically socioeconomic status of the individual will be enhanced.
Enabling the progressive multicast service deployment (2002)

The IP multicast architecture was not widely deployed because multicast address allocation is difficult and there is no scalable solution to inter-domain multicast routing. Hence, there is an interest in developing protocols that allow the progressive deployment of the multicast service by supporting unicast clouds. This paper proposes HBH (hop-by-hop multicast routing protocol). HBH adopts the source-specific channel abstraction to simplify address allocation and implements multicast distribution using recursive unicast trees. In this model, data packets have unicast destination addresses. Therefore, HBH supports pure unicast routers transparently. The branching-nodes recursively create packet copies to implement the distribution. HBH constructs a shortest-path tree even in the presence of asymmetric unicast routing. Consequently, HBH provides best routes in asymmetric networks, and is suitable for an eventual implementation of QoS-based routing. Additionally HBH reduces tree bandwidth consumption in asymmetric networks when compared to other approaches. The results obtained from simulation support our statements.