gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Modeling of nonlinear shock wave propagation in dispersive media with nearly linear frequency dependence of attenuation (1996)

Acoustic wave propagation is generally weakly dispersive, and thus frequency dependence of the sound speed is usually considered negligible. However, if absorption does not have a quadratic frequency dependence, dispersion will be important. For broadband signals such as shock waves, dispersion may influence the waveform distortion and the corresponding nonlinear attenuation. These effects are important for the case of biological media which have absorption laws obeying a nearly linear frequency dependence over a wide frequency range. The sound-speed dispersion can be reconstructed from a given attenuation law by the use of the Kramers–Kronig relations. Because attenuation is typically specified over only a restricted frequency range, it is not possible to uniquely reconstruct the dispersion law, and thus an appropriate approximation of the absorption coefficient at high frequencies is required. The effective dispersion law is reconstructed for various absorption models: multiple relaxation, piecewise linear, and power-law absorption. Theoretical modeling of nonlinear wave propagation is performed using a modified spectral approach. The propagation of both shock pulses and periodic sawtoothlike waves is investigated. The results show that it is important to account for dispersion when modeling propagation of broadband finite-amplitude waves. [Work supported by NATO CRG, FIRCA, and RFBR.]
Addressable multiregional and multifocal multiphoton microscopy based on a spatial light modulator (2012)

Through a combination of a deflective phase-only diffractive spatial light modulator (SLM) and galvo scanners, an addressable multiregional and multifocal multiphoton microscope (AM-MMM) is developed. The SLM shapes an incoming mode-locked, near-infrared Ti:sapphire laser beam into multiple beamlet arrays with addressable shapes and sizes that match the regions of interest on the sample. Compared with conventional multifocal multiphoton microscope (MMM), AM-MMM achieves the effective use of the laser power with an increase of imaging rate and a decrease of photodamage without sacrifice of resolution.
Dependence of the Magnitude of Persistent Photoconductivity on Sodium Content in Cu(In,Ga)Se2 Solar Cells and Thin Films (2020)

The persistent photoconductivity (PPC), i.e., the metastable increase in hole concentration due to light soaking in Cu-poor Cu(In <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0.7</sub> ,Ga <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0.3</sub> )Se <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> solar cells is observed to be proportional to the Na concentration in the absorber layer. Hole concentration in cells and conductivity in thin films follow a similar trend, suggesting that the effect originates from the absorber layer and is somehow linked to sodium concentration. Our results suggest that the large lattice relaxation model of an amphoteric V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Se</sub> -V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Cu</sub> vacancy complex being responsible for PPC cannot itself explain the Na-PPC relation. Therefore. either the passivation of the grain boundary barriers by sodium or a sodium-related modification of a defect complex needs to be included in the model.
ChemInform Abstract: A FACILE SYNTHESIS OF 7‐HYDROXY‐9‐DEAZAXANTHINES (1983)

Abstract Trimethyl‐nitrouracil wird als Natriumsalz (I) mit Alkylhalogeniden in DMF teilweise mit Kaliumiodid als Katalysator an der 6‐Methylengruppe alkyliert.
KINKY HAIR SYNDROME (1974)

Abstract. Møllekær, A. M. (Department of Paediatrics and the Department of Neuropathology, århus University School of Medicine, århus, Denmark). Kinky Hair Syndrome. Acta Paediat Scand, 63289, 1974.–Two brothers with Kinky Hair Syndrome are described. Both of them had hypothermia. In the younger boy low levels of serum copper and ceruloplasrnin were demonstrated. At autopsy the most surprising finding was a demyelinating process in the brain. The fact that the younger boy showed signs of Kinky Hair syndrome at birth makes it difficult to accept an 'intestinal malabsorption of copper as the only underlying defect in the disease.
Velocity and Angular Distributions of Prompt Neutrons from Spontaneous Fission ofCf252 (1962)

The velocity and angular distributions of neutrons associated with light and heavy groups of fission fragments from spontaneous fission of ${\mathrm{Cf}}^{252}$ have been measured. The results can be accounted for within about 10 to 20% by the assumption of isotropic evaporation from moving fragments. Least-squares fits to the data have been made on this assumption and yield accurate values for the numbers of neutrons emitted by the light and heavy fragments and for their energy spectra. The energy spectra have been analyzed in terms of effective temperatures of the fragments. A detailed discussion of the systematic differences from simple evaporation theory is given.
EPIDEMIOLOGY OF CAMPYLOBACTER JEJUNI INFECTIONS (1983)

Journal Article EPIDEMIOLOGY OF CAMPYLOBACTER JEJUNI INFECTIONS Get access MARTIN J. BLASER, MARTIN J. BLASER 1Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Health Sciences CenterDenver, CO. Reprint requests to Dr. Blaser, Infectious Disease Section (111-L), VA Medical Center, 1055 Clermont Street, Denver, CO 80220 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar DAVID N. TAYLOR, DAVID N. TAYLOR 2Enteric Disease Branch, Division of Bacterial Diseases, Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease ControlAtlanta, GA. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar ROGER A. FELDMAN ROGER A. FELDMAN 3Division of Bacterial Diseases, Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease ControlAtlanta, GA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Epidemiologic Reviews, Volume 5, Issue 1, 1983, Pages 157–176, https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.epirev.a036256 Published: 01 March 1983
Effect of Abdominal Loading Location on Liver Motion: Experimental Assessment using Ultrafast Ultrasound Imaging and Simulation with a Human Body Model (2016)

A protocol based on ultrafast ultrasound imaging was applied to study the in situ motion of the liver while the abdomen was subjected to compressive loading at 3 m/s by a hemispherical impactor or a seatbelt. The loading was applied to various locations between the lower abdomen and the mid thorax while feature points inside the liver were followed on the ultrasound movie (2000 frames per second). Based on tests performed on five post mortem human surrogates (including four tested in the current study), trends were found between the loading location and feature point trajectory parameters such as the initial angle of motion or the peak displacement in the direction of impact. The impactor tests were then simulated using the GHBMC M50 human body model that was globally scaled to the dimensions of each surrogate. Some of the experimental trends observed could be reproduced in the simulations (e.g. initial angle) while others differed more widely (e.g. final caudal motion). The causes for the discrepancies need to be further investigated. The liver strain energy density predicted by the model was also widely affected by the impact location. Experimental and simulation results both highlight the importance of the liver position with respect to the impactor when studying its response in situ.
Potent oxazoline analog of apratoxin C: Synthesis, biological evaluation, and conformational analysis (2015)

In this research, the synthesis, biological evaluation, and conformational analysis of an apratoxin C oxazoline analog (3) have been demonstrated. The preparation of synthetic key intermediate 9 was achieved using an improved strategy that involves commercially available 3-methylglutaric anhydride (12), an enzymatic enantioselective alcoholysis, and a diastereoselective reduction. The Pro-Dtrina (3,7-dihydroxy-2,5,8-trimethylnonanoic acid) moiety 8 was successfully synthesized in a similar manner as our previously reported synthesis of apratoxin C (1). The cyclization precursor 5 was formed after the coupling of Pro-Dtrina 8 with a known tetrapeptide 7 to afford a linear peptide 6, the formation of an oxazoline, and the removal of the protecting groups. Finally, the macrolactamization of 5 with O-(7-aza-1H-benzotriazol-1-yl)-N,N,N',N'-tetramethyluronium hexafluorophosphate (HATU)/N,N-diisopropylethylamine (DIEA) furnished an apratoxin C oxazoline analog (3), which exhibited a potent cytotoxicity against HeLa cells (IC50 value of 22 nM) that was comparable with the cytotoxicity of apratoxin C (1) (IC50 value of 4.2 nM). Conformational analyses of 1 and 3 through NMR experiments showed that oxazoline analog 3 formed a tertiary structure that was similar to the apratoxin C (1) structure in CD3 CN, which provided a probable explanation for their comparable cytotoxicities. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers (Pept Sci) 106: 404-414, 2016.
A Review on Various Methods of Cryptography for Cyber Security (2018)

In the today’s world of digital communication networks, the privacy and security of the transmitted data has become a basic necessity for communication. Data Security is the science and study of techniques of securing data in computer and communication systems from unknown users, disclosures and modifications. Cyber security issues plays a vital role in moving towards digital information age. Therefore, the encryption and decryption systems have been implemented for protecting information. The internet users are rapidly increasing day by day which causes a lot of cyber-criminals. The security of not only the single system but the entire systems will be ensured by the task of network security and controlled by network administrator. In this paper, an attempt has been made to review the various methods of Cryptography and how these methods will help to secure data from unauthenticated users. This paper has primarily focused on Cyber Security and Cryptographic concepts. This paper has also discusses the various attacks and cryptographic algorithms that are used in various applications of cyber security.
Getting the Basics Right: Care Delivery in Nursing Homes (2003)

In this study, the key exemplar processes of care in facilities with good resident outcomes were described. It follows that with description of these processes, it is feasible to teach facilities about the basics of care and the ways to systematically approach care so they can adopt these care processes and improve resident outcomes. However, for this to happen key organizational commitments must be in place for staff to consistently provide the basics of care. Nursing leadership must have a consistent presence over time, they must be champions of using team and group processes involving staff throughout the facility, and they must actively guide quality improvement processes. Administrative leadership must be present and express the expectation that high quality care is expected for residents, and that workers are expected to contribute to the quality improvement effort. If facilities are struggling with achieving average or poor resident outcomes, they must first make an effort to find nursing and administrative leaders who are willing to stay with the organization. These leaders must be skilled with team and group processes for decision-making and how to implement and use a quality improvement program to improve care. These leaders must be skilled at building employee relations and at retention strategies so residents are cared for by consistent staff who know them. The results of this study illustrate the simplicity of the basics of care that residents in nursing facilities need. The results also illustrate the complexity of the care processes and the organizational systems that must be in place to achieve good outcomes. Achieving these outcomes is the challenge facing those currently working in and leading nursing facilities.
The Pagodane Route to Dodecahedranes Scope and Limitation of the Dehydrocyclization Stratagem (1992)

Abstract The stepwise route B from pagodanes to dodecahedranes was completed by double catalytic dehydrocyclization of saturated (alkylated) bisseco precursor substrates ( 2, 3, 5, 16 ). Based on pagodane, dodecahedranes ( 9, 10, 13, 14, 17 ) were obtained in up to 53% yield. Transannular C,C bond formation at the bisseco stage and partial (C–alkyl) or total (C–OR, C–CO 2 R) removal of substituent groups under the necessarily forcing reaction conditions constituted preparative limitations. Attempts at alternative ring closure methodologies (homo‐Norrish type II, homoenolization, carbene insertion) have remained unsuccessful.
P1514Arterial stiffness drives gender differences in vasculoventricular coupling in hypertensive patients but not patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (2018)

Background: Previous studies have demonstrated altered vasculoventricular coupling (VVC) between hypertensive men vs. women. VVC, defined as the ratio between arterial elastance (Ea) and ventricular elastance (Ees), is an important determinant of cardiovascular performance. VVC is also perturbed in patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). Purpose: To investigate gender-based differences in vasculoventricular coupling and compare between hypertensive patients and patients with HFpEF. Methods: We retrospectively analysed echocardiographic data from a large prospective community study of older patients (&gt;60 years) investigating the incidence of HFpEF in the general population, and age-matched hypertensive controls, to calculate VVC. Results: There were 743 hypertensive patients (360/48% female) and 154 patients with HFpEF (110/71% female). VVC was maintained at ∼1 in all patient groups at rest, however Ea and Ees were both significantly higher in hypertensive women compared to men (p&lt;0.001 for both), but not in HFpEF women compared to HFpEF men. On multivariate analysis in the hypertensive group, gender no longer remained as a significant predictor of Ea, which was predicted by systolic BP, heart rate, arterial compliance, and vascular resistance.
Supplementary Tables 1-4 from Prediction of Clinical Outcome in Multiple Lung Cancer Cohorts by Integrative Genomics: Implications for Chemotherapy Selection (2023)

Supplementary Tables 1-4 from Prediction of Clinical Outcome in Multiple Lung Cancer Cohorts by Integrative Genomics: Implications for Chemotherapy Selection
Association of Interleukin 6 Inhibition With Ziltivekimab and the Neutrophil-Lymphocyte Ratio (2022)

Results of this post hoc analysis of the RESCUE trial show that IL-6 ligand inhibition with ziltivekimab associates with a lower NLR, suggesting that it may disrupt multiple atherogenic inflammatory pathways, including those mediated by the myeloid cell compartment. The NLR may have use in monitoring ziltivekimab's efficacy should it be introduced into clinical practice.
Studies on Organophosphorus Compounds; LI. A New and Facile Route to 2-Substituted 1,1-Cyclopropanediylbis(phosphonic acids) (1991)

Reaction of bromomethylenebis(phosphonates) 1 with electrondeficient alkenes 2a-d as Michael acceptors in the presence of thallium(I) ethoxide leads to a new and facile route to 2-substituted 1,1-cyclopropanediylbis(phosphonates) 3 in satisfactory yield. These are converted into the corresponding free acids 7 by treatment with chlorotrimethylsilane in the presence of potassium iodide followed by treatment with water. The products resulted from bromomethylenebis(phosphonates) 1 and other alkenes 2e, f and methyl vinyl ketone are identified and discussed.
Discovery and characterization of small-molecule inhibitors of NLRP3 and NLRC4 inflammasomes (2021)

Inflammasomes are macromolecular complexes involved in the host response to external and endogenous danger signals. Inflammasome-mediated sterile inflammation plays a central role in several human conditions such as autoimmune diseases, type-2 diabetes, and neurodegenerative disorders, indicating inflammasomes could be appealing therapeutic targets. Previous work has demonstrated that inhibiting the ATPase activity of the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain, leucine-rich repeat and pyrin domain-containing protein 3 (NLRP3), disrupts inflammasome assembly and function. However, there is a necessity to find new potent compounds with therapeutic potential. Here we combine computational modeling of the target and virtual screening to discover a group of novel compounds predicted to inhibit NLRP3. We characterized the best compounds and determined their potency, specificity, and ability to inhibit processes downstream from NLRP3 activation. Moreover, we analyzed in mice the competence of a lead candidate to reduce lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation. We also validated the active pharmacophore shared among all the NLRP3 inhibitors, and through computational docking, we clarify key structural features for compound positioning within the inflammasome ATP-binding site. Our study sets the basis for rational design and optimization of inflammasome-targeting probes and drugs.
Phase III Randomized Trial of Ipilimumab Plus Etoposide and Platinum Versus Placebo Plus Etoposide and Platinum in Extensive-Stage Small-Cell Lung Cancer (2016)

Purpose Patients with extensive-stage disease small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) have poor survival outcomes despite first-line chemotherapy with etoposide and platinum. This randomized, double-blind phase III study evaluated the efficacy and safety of ipilimumab or placebo plus etoposide and platinum in patients with newly diagnosed extensive-stage disease SCLC. Patients and Methods Patients were randomly assigned at a ratio of one to one to receive chemotherapy with etoposide and platinum (cisplatin or carboplatin) plus ipilimumab 10 mg/kg or placebo every 3 weeks for a total of four doses each in a phased induction schedule (chemotherapy in cycles one to four; ipilimumab or placebo beginning in cycle three up to cycle six), followed by ipilimumab or placebo maintenance every 12 weeks. Primary end point was overall survival (OS) among patients receiving at least one dose of blinded study therapy. Results Of 1,132 patients randomly assigned, 954 received at least one dose of study therapy (chemotherapy plus ipilimumab, n = 478; chemotherapy plus placebo, n = 476). Median OS was 11.0 months for chemotherapy plus ipilimumab versus 10.9 months for chemotherapy plus placebo (hazard ratio, 0.94; 95% CI, 0.81 to 1.09; P = .3775). Median progression-free survival was 4.6 months for chemotherapy plus ipilimumab versus 4.4 months for chemotherapy plus placebo (hazard ratio, 0.85; 95% CI, 0.75 to 0.97). Rates and severity of treatment-related adverse events were similar between arms, except for diarrhea, rash, and colitis, which were more frequent with chemotherapy plus ipilimumab. Rate of treatment-related discontinuation was higher with chemotherapy plus ipilimumab (18% v 2% with chemotherapy plus placebo). Five treatment-related deaths occurred with chemotherapy plus ipilimumab and two with chemotherapy plus placebo. Conclusion Addition of ipilimumab to chemotherapy did not prolong OS versus chemotherapy alone in patients with newly diagnosed extensive-stage disease SCLC. No new or unexpected adverse events were observed with chemotherapy plus ipilimumab. Several ongoing studies are evaluating ipilimumab in combination with programmed death-1 inhibitors in SCLC.
Case Report: Opioid Use Disorder Associated With Low/Moderate Dose of Loperamide in an Intellectual Disability Patient With CYP3A and P-Glycoprotein Reduced Activity (2022)

Loperamide is an over-the-counter antidiarrheal for which increasing cases of abuse or misuse are described. We report the onset of opioid use disorder associated with low to moderate doses of loperamide in an intellectual disability patient without previous history of substance use disorder (SUD). Our patient presented strongly reduced activities of CYP3A and P-glycoprotein, which are mainly involved in loperamide metabolism and transport. We suggest that this led to an increase in bioavailability, systemic exposure, and brain penetration thus allowing loperamide to act on the central nervous system and contributing to the development of SUD. Slow release oral morphine (SROM) was chosen as opioid agonist treatment, which successfully contained loperamide use and globally improved her clinical condition. This situation highlights the need for caution and awareness when prescribing loperamide, particularly in vulnerable patients with few cognitive resources to understand the risks of self-medication and little insight into its effects.
Finger Millet (Eleusine coracana) (2023)

Millet are small-seeded grains belonging to the family, Poaceae. Millets have high health benefits and nutraceutical value compared to major cereals. Hence, millets are considered as “Nutri-cereals.” Finger millet (Ragi) is commonly available in India and is consumed as staple food for low-income groups in about 25 countries especially in Asia and Africa. It is widely cultivated, because of their shorter cultivation period, lower water demand; finger millet, grows in adverse climates and gives high yield. Ragi is rich in nutrients and has an especially good balance of amino acids, calcium, other minerals, polyphenols, and dietary fiber. It is known for several health promoting benefits, such as antidiabetic, antioxidants, hypocholesterolemic, low glycemic index, prebiotic activity, and anti-microbial properties. Finger millet is used in the preparation of food items such as unleavened breads, pancakes, bakery products and porridges. It improves nutritional security and has excellent malting qualities that extend the grain’s use in food processing and value addition. This chapter deals with nutritional and bioactive properties, health benefits, techno-functional properties and finger millet utilization in value added food products.