gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Surface flashover of insulators (1989)

The author reviews surface flashover (i.e. voltage breakdown along the surface of insulators), primarily in vacuum. He discusses theories and models relating to surface flashover and pertinent experimental results. Surface flashover of insulators in vacuum generally is initiated by the emission of electrons from the cathode triple junction (the region where the electrode, insulator, and vacuum meet). These electrons usually then multiply as they traverse the insulator surface, either as a surface secondary-electron-emission avalanche or as an electron cascade in a thin surface layer, causing desorption of gas which had been adsorbed on the insulator surface. This desorbed gas is then ionized, which leads to surface flashover of the insulator. The theory and modeling of this phenomena and experimental studies of surface charging, the applied voltage waveform, prestressing, conditioning, discharge delay and speed, insulator geometry AMD material, surface treatment, surface gases, temperature, and pressure are reviewed. Some suggestions are made regarding how to choose the material geometry and processing when selecting an insulator for a particular application.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Specific dopamine D-1 and DA1 properties of 4-(mono- and -dihydroxyphenyl)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline and its tetrahydrothieno[2,3c]pyridine analog (1987)

The title compounds were prepared and examined to elucidate further the structure-activity relationships of dopamine agonists related to nomifensine. Two of the compounds, 4-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline and 4-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydrothieno[2,3-c]pyridine, have been reported in the patent literature. In stimulation of rat retinal adenylate cyclase, a measure of dopamine D-1 agonist activity, the tetrahydroisoquinoline was about equipotent to dopamine. The thienyl isostere had nearly twice the potency. Both compounds were potent vasodilators in the canine renal artery, producing dilation through stimulation of DA1 type peripheral dopamine receptors. A monohydroxy analogue, 4-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline, had only slight activity in the cyclase assay and was inactive in the canine renal artery. These results, combined with those from an earlier study, demonstrate that N-alkylation decreases both dopamine D-1 and DA-1 agonist potency, with activity ordered as H greater than methyl greater than ethyl greater than propyl. The results also demonstrate the necessity for the catechol function in this series.
Synthesis and Optoelectronic Properties of Hexa‐peri‐hexabenzoborazinocoronene (2017)

Abstract The first rational synthesis of a BN‐doped coronene derivative in which the central benzene ring has been replaced by a borazine core is described. This includes six C−C ring‐closure steps that, through intramolecular Friedel–Crafts‐type reactions, allow the stepwise planarization of the hexaarylborazine precursor. UV/Vis absorption, emission, and electrochemical investigations show that the introduction of the central BN core induces a dramatic widening of the HOMO–LUMO gap and an enhancement of the blue‐shifted emissive properties with respect to its all‐carbon congener.
Design, fabrication and characterization of high Q-factor SOI microring resonators (2007)

Design, fabrication and characterization of SOI ring resonators using slightly etched rib waveguides are reported. Q-factor of 35300 has been measured for a 100μm ring radius and a 450nm coupling gap.
Reactions of Thiols with Phenylglyoxal to Give Thiomandelic S-Esters. Formation of Hemithioacetals and Their Rearrangement (1982)

Abstract Equilibrium constants Kh for the addition of 2-mercaptoethanol and glutathione to phenylglyoxal to form hemithioacetals were determined spectrophotometrically over the pH range 7–10. The observed Kh values decrease sigmoidally with pH as the thiol ionizes. Rearrangement of hemithioacetals formed from phenylglyoxal and various thiols was kinetically investigated. The rates increase with thiol concentration following a saturation curve to give Kh identical with the spectrophotometric value. The rearrangement is subject to general base catalysis. The solvent isotope effect on the rate of the rearrangement, kH2O/kD2O, is nearly 1.0; that on the equilibrium, KhH2O/KhD2O, is 0.38. The results strongly support the mechanism involving proton transfers through an enediol intermediate.
Segmentation Based Classification of 3D Urban Point Clouds: A Super-Voxel Based Approach with Evaluation (2013)

Segmentation and classification of urban range data into different object classes have several challenges due to certain properties of the data, such as density variation, inconsistencies due to missing data and the large data size that require heavy computation and large memory. A method to classify urban scenes based on a super-voxel segmentation of sparse 3D data obtained from LiDAR sensors is presented. The 3D point cloud is first segmented into voxels, which are then characterized by several attributes transforming them into super-voxels. These are joined together by using a link-chain method rather than the usual region growing algorithm to create objects. These objects are then classified using geometrical models and local descriptors. In order to evaluate the results, a new metric that combines both segmentation and classification results simultaneously is presented. The effects of voxel size and incorporation of RGB color and laser reflectance intensity on the classification results are also discussed. The method is evaluated on standard data sets using different metrics to demonstrate its efficacy.
Photoaffinity Labeling of the N-methyltransferase Domains of Cyclosporin Synthetase¶ (2003)

The multifunctional polypeptide cyclosporin synthetase (CySyn) remains one of the most complex nonribosomal peptide synthetase described. In this study we used a highly specific photoaffinity labeling procedure with the natural cofactor S-adenosyl-L-methionine (AdoMet), 14C-isotopically labeled at the Sdelta methyl group to probe the concerted AdoMet-binding interaction of the N-methyltransferase (N-MTase) centers of CySyn. The binding stoichiometry for the enzyme-AdoMet complex was determined to be 1:7, which is in agreement with inferences made from analysis of the complementary DNA sequence of the simA gene encoding the CySyn polypeptide. The photolabeling of the AdoMet-binding sites displayed homotropic negative cooperativity, characterized by a curvilinear Scatchard plot with upward concavity. Although, the process of N-methyl transfer is not a critical event for peptide elongation, the destabilizing homotropic interactions between N-MTase centers that were observed may represent a mechanism whereby the enzyme preserves the proficiency of the substrate-channeling process of cyclosporin peptide assembly over a broad range of cofactor concentrations. Furthermore, we demonstrated the utility of the photolabeling procedure for tracking the enzyme during purification.
Architecture of initiation-competent 12-subunit RNA polymerase II (2003)

RNA polymerase (Pol) II consists of a 10-polypeptide catalytic core and the two-subunit Rpb4/7 complex that is required for transcription initiation. Previous structures of the Pol II core revealed a "clamp," which binds the DNA template strand via three "switch regions," and a flexible "linker" to the C-terminal repeat domain (CTD). Here we derived a model of the complete Pol II by fitting structures of the core and Rpb4/7 to a 4.2-A crystallographic electron density map. Rpb4/7 protrudes from the polymerase "upstream face," on which initiation factors assemble for promoter DNA loading. Rpb7 forms a wedge between the clamp and the linker, restricting the clamp to a closed position. The wedge allosterically prevents entry of the promoter DNA duplex into the active center cleft and induces in two switch regions a conformation poised for template-strand binding. Interaction of Rpb4/7 with the linker explains Rpb4-mediated recruitment of the CTD phosphatase to the CTD during Pol II recycling. The core-Rpb7 interaction and some functions of Rpb4/7 are apparently conserved in all eukaryotic and archaeal RNA polymerases but not in the bacterial enzyme.
Distribution of VKORC1 single nucleotide polymorphism in wild Rattus norvegicus in France (2009)

This biomolecular approach to studying and detecting resistance is easier to carry out than the phenotypic approach measuring blood coagulation time because it can be conducted on biological samples from dead animals, and it is less dangerous for the operator.
Immune Damage to Liposomes Containing Lipids from Schistosoma mansoni Worms (1974)

A protein-free lipid extract (“F2”) consisting mainly of glycolipids, a small amount of phospholipids and an unidentified brown pigment, was obtained from Schistosoma mansoni adult worms. The F2 was tested for the presence of haptenic molecules by incorporation into liposomal model membranes containing trapped glucose. Sera from five infected monkeys were assayed for serological activity against the F2 in liposomes at different times following infection. Complement-dependent damage leading to liposomal glucose release was observed with sera from four out of five monkeys. Glucose release did not occur when the F2 was omitted from the liposomes nor when heat-inactivated complement was used. All of the activity was removed by adsorption of monkey serum with adult schistosomes. The IgM-containing fraction of serum accounted for all of the antibody activity. It was concluded that a complement-dependent immune response against lipids may be observed during the course of schistosomiasis in monkeys. The antibody activity can be detected by utilizing liposomal model membranes which contain schistosomal lipids.
A Quality Improvement Initiative to Decrease Time to Antibiotics for Children with Intestinal Failure, Fever, and a Central Line (2018)

The basic tenets of process improvement for 1 high-risk population can be translated to another high-risk population but must be adjusted for variability in characteristics.
<title>Full-color reflective-type TFT-LCD</title> (1998)

A high performance reflective-type liquid crystal display (LCD) has been developed. This display utilizes a single polarizer and an inner reflector which eliminates the parallax problem as encountered by the conventional reflective TN LCD. A novel diffusive film is laminated between the polarizer and the LCD cell to overcome the narrow viewing angle caused by the specular reflector. Micro color filters were fabricated on the glass substrate to achieve full color representation. To obtain high contrast ratio and neutral color in gray shading, am mixed-mode twisted nematic LCD is used. The twist angle of the liquid- crystal layers has also been optimized to boost the brightness. Based on these technologies, we have developed a thin-film-transistor addressed reflective LCD panel. Excellent properties such as high contrast of 15:1, fast response of less than 15 ms, wide viewing angle of more than 40 degrees in all azimuthal directions, clear image of no parallax, and full-color capabilities are demonstrated. In addition, the advantageous features of low-power consumption and sunlight readability promise the potential application of this reflective display in future portable information tools, such as digital camera, personal digital assistant, and hand-held personal computer. Finally, preliminary results of a configuration with an inner-diffuser are discussed briefly.
Protein‐DNA Interactomes of NKX2‐5 Mutants Identified in Congenital Heart Defects (2020)

Congenital Heart Defects (CHDs) are one of the most common birth defects, with over 100,000 new reported cases each year. CHDs are characterized by malformations in the heart’s chambers, walls and great vessels, sometimes leading to embryonic death. NKX2‐5 is cardiac transcription factors (cardiac TFs) that play a critical role in developmental stages and physiological process of the heart. Transcription factors regulate gene expression via sequence‐specific interactions with DNA. Genetic analyses of CHD patients have identified various non‐synonymous mutations within the DNA‐binding domain (DBD) of NKX2‐5. We hypothesize that non‐synonymous mutations in NKX2‐5’s DBD will alter their DNA‐binding properties ultimately affecting transcriptional pathways necessary for proper heart development. To address this hypothesis, we want to study how the cardiac TFs DNA‐protein interactomes are affected by non‐synonymous mutations found in CHD patients. We have successfully cloned, over‐expressed and purified the homeodomain (HD) DBD of NKX2‐5. Functional analysis protocols using Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assay (EMSA) confirms protein binding to its DNA binding sites. Additionally, we generated 7 non‐synonymous NKX2‐5 CHD mutants (A148E, E154G, R161P, L171R, T178M, Q181H, R189P) via site directed mutagenesis. Comprehensive protein‐DNA interactomes of NKX2‐5 and its mutants will be determined by Systematic Evolution of Ligands and Exponential Enrichment (SELEX‐seq). Bioinformatics tools will be used predict changes in DNA‐binding preferences and putative gene targets between wild‐type and mutant TFs. Support or Funding Information This research was supported: NIH grant award SC1GM127231 Research Initiative for Scientific Enhancement (RISE) Grant #5R25GM061151‐18
SQLR: Short-Term Memory Q-Learning for Elastic Provisioning (2021)

As a growing number of service and application providers choose cloud networks to deliver their services on a software-as-a-service (SaaS) basis, cloud providers need to make their provisioning systems agile enough to meet service level agreements (SLAs). At the same time, they should guard against over-provisioning, which limits their capacity to accommodate more tenants. To this end, we propose Shortterm memory Q-Learning pRovisioning (SQLR, pronounced as “scaler”), a system employing a customized variant of the modelfree reinforcement learning algorithm. It can reuse contextual knowledge learned from one workload to optimize the number of virtual machines (resources) allocated to serve other workload patterns. With minimal overhead, SQLR achieves comparable results to systems where resources are unconstrained. Our experiments show that we can reduce the amount of provisioned resources by about 20% with less than 1% overall service unavailability (due to blocking), while delivering similar response times to those of an over-provisioned system.
Photoacoustic-guided convergence of light through optically diffusive media (2011)

We demonstrate that laser beams can be converged toward a light-absorbing target through optically diffusive media by using photoacoustic-guided interferometric focusing. The convergence of light is achieved by shaping the wavefront of the incident light with a deformable mirror to maximize the photoacoustic signal, which is proportional to the scattered light intensity at the light absorber.
Accelerated iterative strategy for the divergent synthesis of dendritic macromolecules using a combination of living radical polymerization and an irreversible terminator multifunctional initiator (2005)

Abstract Our laboratory has reported the elaboration of an iterative strategy for the synthesis of dendritic macromolecules from conventional monomers. This synthetic method involves a combination of self‐regulated metal‐catalyzed living radical polymerization initiated from arenesulfonyl chlorides and an irreversible terminator multifunctional initiator (TERMINI). The previous TERMINI, (1,1‐dimethylethyl)[[1‐[3,5‐bis( S ‐phenyl‐4‐ N,N ′ diethylthiocarbamate)phenyl]ethenyl]oxy]dimethylsilane, was prepared in nine reaction steps. The replacement of the previous TERMINI with one that requires only three steps for its synthesis, diethylthiocarbamic acid S ‐{3‐[1‐( tert ‐butyl‐dimethyl‐silanyloxy)‐vinyl]‐5‐diethylcarbamoylsulfanyl‐phenyl} ester, and the use of the more reactive Cu 2 S/2,2′‐bipyridine rather than the Cu 2 O/2,2′‐bipyridine self‐regulated catalyst have generated an accelerated method for the synthesis of dendritic macromolecules. This method provides rational design strategies for the synthesis of dendritic macromolecules with different compaction by the use of a single monomer. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 43: 4894–4906, 2005
Gamete processing in an environmental chamber: Effect on in vitro fertilization outcome (1989)

A study of mouse gamete processing for in vitro fertilization (IVF) under various conditions showed that it is necessary to control the atmosphere if the temperature is raised from 22 degrees C to 37 degrees C. The data suggest that maximum IVF success is attained by processing the gametes at 37 degrees C, under an atmosphere of 5% O2 and 5% CO2, and overlaying the medium with silicone oil.
Strain enhanced magnetic anisotropy in SmCo/BaTiO3 multiferroic heterostructures (2014)

We report on the changes in magnetic properties of SmCo/BaTiO3 multiferroic heterostructures as the BaTiO3 substrate undergoes its structural phase transitions. The observations show that the macroscopic magnetization of the SmCo film is affected by the structural phase transitions of the BaTiO3 substrate. Kerr microscopy images show that the magnetic domains of SmCo films have a zigzag shape but their shape is not influenced by the strain transferred from the substrate during the structural phase transitions. Analysis of the magnetoelastic energy shows that the macroscopic change of the magnetization is accompanied by an enhancement of the magnetic anisotropy for the orthorhombic phase of the BaTiO3 substrate and not a change in symmetry of the anisotropy.
Evaluation of Bis‐Alkylamidoxime O‐Alkylsulfonates as Orally Available Antimalarials (2012)

The main threat to controlling malaria is the emerging multidrug resistance of Plasmodium sp. parasites. Bis-alkylamidines were developed as a potential new chemotherapy that targets plasmodial phospholipid metabolism. Unfortunately, these compounds are not orally available. To solve this absorption issue, we investigated a prodrug strategy based on sulfonate derivatives of alkylamidoximes. A total of 25 sulfonates were synthesized as prodrug candidates of one bis-N-alkylamidine and of six N-substituted bis-C-alkylamidines. Their antimalarial activities were evaluated in vitro against P. falciparum and in vivo against P. vinckei in mice to define structure-activity relationships. Small alkyl substituents on the sulfonate group of both C-alkyl- and N-alkylamidines led to the best oral antimalarial activities; alkylsulfonate derivatives are chemically transformed into the corresponding alkylamidines.
Topological, total, and elastic cross sections forK+p,π+p, andppinteractions at 147 GeV/c (1982)

The Fermilab hybrid 30-in. bubble-chamber spectrometer was exposed to a tagged 147-GeV/c positive beam containing ${\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}$, ${K}^{+}$, and $p$. A sample of $3003 {K}^{+}p$, $19410 \mathrm{pp}$, and $20745 {\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}p$ interactions is used to derive ${\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{n}$, $〈n〉$, ${f}_{2}^{\mathrm{cc}}$, and $\frac{〈{n}_{c}〉}{D}$ for each beam particle. These values are compared to values obtained at other, mostly lower, beam momenta. The overall dependence of $〈n〉$ on ${E}_{a}$, the available center-of-mass energy, for these three reactions as well as ${\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{-}}p$ and $\mathrm{pp}$ interactions has been determined.
Analysis of Schwalbe's Line (Limbal Smooth Zone) by Scanning Electron Microscopy and Optical Coherence Tomography in Human Eye Bank Eyes. (2013)

The smooth zone appears widest superiorly and thinnest inferonasally, suggesting that as glaucoma surgical devices become smaller, their placement could be argeted clinically by using OCT with preference to the superior quadrant, to minimize damage to the corneal endothelium.
Proportional frequency compression of speech for listeners with sensorineural hearing loss (1999)

This study examined proportional frequency compression as a strategy for improving speech recognition in listeners with high-frequency sensorineural hearing loss. This method of frequency compression preserved the ratios between the frequencies of the components of natural speech, as well as the temporal envelope of the unprocessed speech stimuli. Nonsense syllables spoken by a female and a male talker were used as the speech materials. Both frequency-compressed speech and the control condition of unprocessed speech were presented with high-pass amplification. For the materials spoken by the female talker, significant increases in speech recognition were observed in slightly less than one-half of the listeners with hearing impairment. For the male-talker materials, one-fifth of the hearing-impaired listeners showed significant recognition improvements. The increases in speech recognition due solely to frequency compression were generally smaller than those solely due to high-pass amplification. The results indicate that while high-pass amplification is still the most effective approach for improving speech recognition of listeners with high-frequency hearing loss, proportional frequency compression can offer significant improvements in addition to those provided by amplification for some patients.
Molecular mechanism of cell-cell adhesion mediated by cadherin-23 (2017)

Abstract Adherin-junctions are traditionally described by the homophilic-interactions of classical cadherin-proteins at the extracellular region. However, the role of long-chain non-classical cadherins like cadherin-23(Cdh23) is not explored as yet even though it is implicated in tissue-morphogenesis, cancer, and force-sensing in neuronal tissues. Here, we identified a novel antiparallel-binding interface of Cdh23 homodimer in solution by combining biophysical and computational methods, in-vitro cell-binding, and mutational modifications. The dimer consists of two electrostatic-based interfaces extended up to two terminal domains, atypical to classical-cadherins known so far, and forms the strongest interactions in cadherin-family as measured using single-molecule force-spectroscopy. We further identified single point-mutation, E78K, that completely disrupts this binding. Interestingly, the mutation, S77L, found in skin cancers falls within the binding interface of the antiparallel-dimer. Overall, we provide the molecular architecture of Cdh23 at the cell-cell junctions which are likely to have far-reaching applications in the fields of mechanobiology and cancer.
Novel hydrogen-dense boron- and nitrogen-based storage materials and their applicability in hydrolytic dehydrogenation (2001)

International audience