gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cluster Acceleration and Stabilization in a Downflow Circulating Fluidized Bed Unit (2020)

Particle cluster velocities, cluster sizes, and solid holdups were measured in a cold-flow downer unit using CREC-GS-Optiprobes. Runs were developed in a 0.051 m ID and a 2 m high acrylic column and a feeding section with a cyclone and an eight-nozzle ring gas injector. A fluid catalytic cracking catalyst with a mean diameter of 84.4 μm and a density of 1722 kg/m3 was used. Measurements were obtained at 0.20, 0.40, and 1.80 m axial positions from the feeding section. Experiments were performed with a superficial gas velocity of 1.0–1.6 m/s and a solid mass flux of 30–50 kg/m2 s. Measurements showed particle cluster distributions, which were close to normal in the feeding section and asymmetric in the stabilized region. Significant changes were noticed when clusters evolved from the feeding section to the stabilized section: cluster slip velocity values of 0.5–0.9 m/s in the downer entrance increased to 1.1–1.4 m/s in the stabilized region.
Higher-order mode suppression in bent large-mode-area multi-layer cladding fibers (2010)

A novel technique to suppress a higher-order mode in bent large-mode-area multi-cladding fibers is presented. 2-dB suppression of LP 02 mode is observed on a fabricated double-cladding fiber with 140-mm diameter bend.
Optical Zeeman spectroscopy of the (0,0) B4Γ – X4Φ band systems of titanium monohydride, TiH, and titanium monodeuteride, TiD (2012)

The Zeeman effect in the (0,0) bands of the B(4)Γ(5/2)-X(4)Φ(3/2) system of titanium monohydride, TiH, and titanium monodeuteride, TiD, has been recorded and analyzed. Magnetic tuning of the spectral features recorded at high resolution (full width at half maximum ≅ 35 MHz) and at a field strength of 4.5 kG is accurately modeled using an effective Zeeman Hamiltonian. The determined magnetic g-factors for the X(4)Φ(3/2) (v = 0) state deviate only slightly from those expected for an isolated (4)Φ(3/2) state whereas those for the B(4)Γ(5/2)(v = 0) deviate significantly from those of an isolated (4)Γ(5/2) state. The rotational dependence of the magnetic tuning in the B(4)Γ(5/2)(v = 0) state is attributed to perturbations from a nearby (4)Φ state.
DNA ploidy is a stronger prognostic variable compared to microsatellite instability or 18q allelic loss in patients with stages II and III colon cancer (2005)

9523 Background: We have shown that DNA ploidy is a significant prognostic marker in stage II and III colon cancer patients. Given that diploidy and microsatellite instability (MSI) are highly correlated, we determined if MSI status accounts for the prognostic impact of ploidy. The relationship between ploidy and chromosome 18q allelic loss was also studied. Materials & Methods: Data were obtained from six completed, randomized 5-fluorouracil-based adjuvant studies conducted by the North Central Cancer Treatment Group (n=528). TNM stage II (30%) and III (70%) colonic adenocarcinomas had been analyzed for ploidy by flow cytometry and were categorized as diploid or non diploid (aneuploid and tetraploid). MSI status was determined using 10 microsatellite markers and classified as MSI-H (instability at ≥ 30% of loci), MSI-L and MSS. 18q allelic loss was analyzed as reported (JNCI 91:1295–1303, 1999). Relationships among variables were sought using the chi-square test. Overall survival (censored at 8 yr) was analyzed in univariate and multivariate Cox models adjusting for stage and stratifying by study. Results: Diploidy was detected in 223 (42%) colon cancers. Ninety-five (18%) tumors were MSI-H and 433 (82%) were MSS/MSI-L. 18q allelic loss was detected in 185 (77%) and absent in 55 (23%) tumors. Seventy (74%) MSI-H tumors were diploid compared to153 (35%) MSS/MSI-L cases (p< 0.001). Patients with diploid tumors had an improved overall survival versus those with non diploid tumors (HR=0.62, p= 0.001). A similar result was found in the subset of MSS/MSI-L cases (p=0.005). Survival curves for diploid MSS/MSI-L and MSI-H patients overlapped (p= 0.66). Neither MSI status (p= 0.18) nor 18q allelic loss (p=0.78) were prognostic. When stratifying by ploidy, 18q status failed to add additional prognostic information. In a multivariate model, DNA ploidy (p=0.005), but not MSI (p=0.61), was an independent prognostic variable. Conclusion: DNA ploidy was the strongest stage-adjusted prognostic variable. Diploid MSS/MSI-L patients had similar survival as patients with MSI-H tumors. Neither MSI status nor 18q allelic imbalance were significant prognostic variables. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Application of Sealed Capsule Differential Scanning Calorimetry, Part I: Predicting the Remaining Useful Life of Industry Used Turbine Oils (1998)

To ensure successful operation of a turbine lubrication system, particular attention needs to be paid to monitoring chemical changes occurring in the turbine oil, particularly changes in oxidation stability. Traditionally, long standard oxidation tests such as the ASTM D 2272 Rotating Bomb Oxidation Test (RBOT) in conjunction with TAN values have been used to monitor the oxidation stability reserve of turbine oils. Recently, however differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) has been applied to measure the oxidation stability of a range of industrial lubricants as it uses only microliter quantities of sample, provides precise results and is faster than the other commonly used oxidation tests.In this study, a sealed capsule DSC technique (SCDSC) was applied to determine the remaining useful life (RUL) of industry used steam turbine oils. The RUL was found by comparing the SCDSC result of the industry used oil sample to a previously generated "safe /unsafe" zone map based on data obtained from laboratory oxidized oil samples. It was found that this zone map exhibited good correlation with results obtained from 23 used turbine oil samples. It was also found that the SCDSC technique correlates well with results obtained from RBOT and TAN rests and as such SCDSC may be a suitable technique to be implemented in an oil condition monitoring program. The effects of water and metal contamination, both particulate and soluble, on SCDSC results were investigated and are also discussed in this paper.
Responses to Recasts: Repetitions, Primed Production, and Linguistic Development (2006)

Although a number of studies have associated recasts with second language development, the actual mechanisms by which recasts work to impact learning are still little understood. In particular, researchers have sought to gain a deeper understanding of the connections among recasts, learners' responses to recasts, and subsequent development. To this end, the current study examines the impact of recasts and different types of responses on English as a second language (ESL) question development. In a pretest/posttest design, 58 Thai English as a foreign language university students carried out a series of communicative tasks with native English speakers and completed four tests over a 9‐week period. The learners' treatment task data were analyzed for the occurrence of recasts and responses to recasts that targeted developmentally advanced question forms. Their test data were examined for evidence of advancement to a higher stage in the developmental sequence for question formation. Results indicate that recasts were a significant predictor of ESL question development. Learners' responses in the form of primed production of the question forms targeted in the recasts were also predictive of ESL question development, but responses in the form of immediate repetitions of recasts were not associated with development.
Effects of Hydrostatic Loading on a Self-Aggregating, Suspension Culture–Derived Cartilage Tissue Analog (2010)

This study describes a self-aggregating bioreactor model without foreign material or scaffold in which chondrocytes form a cartilage tissue analog with many features similar to native cartilage. This study represents a promising scaffold-less, methodological advancement in cartilage tissue engineering with potential translational applications to cartilage repair.
Erythrocyte Membrane-Enveloped Salvianolic Acid B Nanoparticles Attenuate Cerebral Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury (2022)

The designed brain targeted biomimetic nanomedicine RR@SABNPs can significantly prolong the half-time of SAB, deliver SAB into the ischemic brain and exhibit good therapeutic effects on MCAO/R model mice.
Tempering Response in Type 410 Stainless Steel Welds for Petrochemical Application (2020)

Abstract Type 410 martensitic stainless steel is typically used in highly corrosive environments within petrochemical installations due to its resistance to halide stress corrosion cracking, hardenability, and low cost compared to austenitic stainless steel. However, the industry has experienced difficulties in meeting the ASME toughness, and NACE hardness requirements for wet sour services of Type 410 steel welds. Recent studies have shown that these problems are related to the wide compositional ranges of Type 410 base metals and welding consumables, leading to exceeding the A1 temperature during postweld heat treatment (PWHT) and formation of fresh martensite, and to retention of significant amount of delta ferrite in the final weld metal and heat affected zone microstructures. These studies have identified two Type 410 optimized weld metal compositions that met the specified hardness and toughness requirements. The objective of this work was to quantify the tempering response in one of the optimized welding consumables and in two Type 410 base metals. Samples of these materials were subjected to a series of PWHTs at temperatures corresponding to the lower and upper limits of the ASME code recommended temperature range (760 C and 800 °C) and at 10 °C below the A1 temperature of each material. The PWHT durations were 5 and 30 minutes, and 1, 2, and 4 hours. The hardness values related to all PWHTs performed below the corresponding A1 temperatures were used to generate Holloman–Jaffe type equations for all tested materials. As expected, the PWHTs performed above the A1 temperatures resulted in the formation of fresh martensite.
Effects of Combined Therapy With Clopidogrel and Acetylsalicylic Acid on Platelet Glycoprotein Expression and Aggregation (2002)

This study aimed to compare the effects of clopidogrel, acetylsalicylic acid (ASA), and the combination of both substances on platelet aggregation and expression of platelet membrane glycoproteins in patients with chronic coronary artery disease. We investigated platelet activation by flow cytometry and by platelet aggregation and disaggregation in 60 patients randomly assigned to 3 treatment groups: ASA, clopidogrel, combination of clopidogrel and ASA, treated for 14 days. Adenosine diphosphate (ADP)-induced expression of P-selectin and of PAC-1 was significantly reduced after 2 wk of clopidogrel but not of ASA treatment. Treatment with clopidogrel reduced the ADP-induced platelet aggregation. The combination of clopidogrel and ASA did not increase the inhibition of platelet activation compared with clopidogrel alone. A significant increase in platelet disaggregation was observed with clopidogrel alone and was more pronounced with the combination of clopidogrel and ASA. ADP-induced platelet degranulation, activation of GPIIb/IIIa receptor, and aggregation in vivo are effectively inhibited by clopidogrel. The significantly increased disaggregation under clopidogrel and ASA suggests that the combined therapy may be superior to the monotherapy in patients with coronary artery disease and a high risk for vascular events.
Finite control set MPC of active current-source rectifier with full state space model (2015)

Finite control set model predictive control (FCS-MPC) is very effective and simple control approach which has been suitable for control of various types of power converters. It is a very flexible tool because it evaluates an arbitrary cost function which directly influences converter behavior according to particular demand. For an accurate numerical calculation of the cost function, discretization of state space model is the most accurate approach among the single step calculation methods. Common definition of the current-source rectifier state space model covers only the input ac part of the rectifier whereas the dc part is calculated separately by Euler method. In this paper, definition of full state space model enabling an accurate discretization of all converter variables at once will be introduced, described and compared with a common solution. A behavior of both models will be compared in terms of their performance, robustness and simplicity. Final results will be introduced by simulation study in MATLAB/Plecs.
USING SOCIALLY SENSED BIG DATA TO MODEL PATTERNS AND GEOGRAPHIC CONTEXT OF HUMAN ACTIVITIES IN CITIES (2018)

Understanding dynamic interactions between human activities and land-use structure in a city is a key lens to explore the city as a complex system. This dissertation contributes to understanding the complexity of urban dynamics by gaining knowledge of the interactions between human activities and city land-use structures by utilizing free-accessible socially sensed data sources, and building upon recent research trend and technologies in geographical information science, urban study, and computer science. This dissertation addresses three main questions related to human dynamics: 1) how human activities in an urban environment are shaped by socioeconomic status and the intra-city land-use structure, and how in turn, the knowledge of socioeconomic status-activity relationships can contribute to understanding the social landscape of a city; 2) how different types of activities are located in space and time in three U.S. cities and how the spatiotemporal activity patterns in these cities characterize the activity profile of different neighborhoods in the cities; and 3) how recent socially sensed information on human activities can be integrated with widely-used remotely sensed geographical data to create a novel approach for discovering patterns of land use in cities that are otherwise lacking in up to date land use information. This dissertation models the associations between socioeconomics and mobility in the Washington, D.C. metropolitan area as a case study and applies the learned associations for inferring geographical patterns of socioeconomic status (SES) solely using the socially sensed data. This dissertation also implements a semi-automated workflow to retrieve activity details from socially sensed Twitter data in Washington, D.C., the City of Baltimore, and New York City. The dissertation integrates remotely-sensed imagery and socially sensed data to model the dynamics associated with changing land-use types in the Washington, D.C.-Baltimore metropolitan area over time.
Component estimation of surface spectral reflectance (1990)

For inhomogeneous materials, the standard reflectance model suggests that under all viewing geometries surface reflectance functions can be described as the sum of a constant function of wavelength (specular) and a diffuse function that is characteristic of the material. As the viewing geometry varies, the relative contribution of these two terms varies. In a previous study [ J. Opt. Soc. Am. A6, 576 ( 1989)] we described how to use light reflected from inhomogeneous materials, measured in different viewing geometries, to estimate the relative spectral power distribution of the ambient light. Here we show that two restrictions, that (a) surface reflectance functions are all nonnegative and (b) surface reflectance functions are the positive weighted sum of subsurface (diffuse) and interface (specular) components, may be used to estimate the subsurface component of the surface reflectance function. A band of surface spectral reflectances is recovered, as possible solutions for the subsurface estimates.
Training time and quality of smartphone-based anterior segment screening in rural India (2017)

Individuals without ophthalmic training were able to quickly capture a high-quality magnified view of the anterior segment of the eye by using a smartphone with an attached imaging adapter.
New dynamic zoom calibration technique for a stereo-vision-based multiview 3D modeling system (2004)

A new technique is proposed for calibrating a 3D modeling system with variable zoom based on multi-view stereo image analysis. The 3D modeling system uses a stereo camera with variable zoom setting and a turntable for rotating an object. Given an object whose complete 3D model (mesh and texture-map) needs to be generated, the object is placed on the turntable and stereo images of the object are captured from multiple views by rotating the turntable. Partial 3D models generated from different views are integrated to obtain a complete 3D model of the object. Changing the zoom to accommodate objects of different sizes and at different distances from the stereo camera changes several internal camera parameters such as focal length and image center. Also, the parameters of the rotation axis of the turntable changes. We present camera calibration techniques for estimating the camera parameters and the rotation axis for different zoom settings. The Perspective Projection Matrices (PPM) of the cameras are calibrated at a selected set of zoom settings. The PPM is decomposed into intrinsic parameters, orientation angles, and translation vectors. Camera parameters at an arbitrary intermediate zoom setting are estimated from the nearest calibrated zoom positions through interpolation. A performance evaluation of this technique is presented with experimental results. We also present a refinement technique for stereo rectification that improves partial shape recovery. And the rotation axis of multi-view at different zoom setting is estimated without further calibration. Complete 3D models obtained with our techniques are presented.
Description of Pseudobacteriovorax antillogorgiicola gen. nov., sp. nov., a bacterium isolated from the gorgonian octocoral Antillogorgia elisabethae, belonging to the family Pseudobacteriovoracaceae fam. nov., within the order Bdellovibrionales (2014)

A bacterial strain designated RKEM611(T) was isolated from the octocoral Antillogorgia elisabethae, collected off the coast of San Salvador, The Bahamas. The strain is Gram-stain-negative, an obligate aerobe, and pleomorphic. It requires NaCl for growth and exhibits optimal growth at 1-2 % (w/v) NaCl, 30-37 °C and pH 6.0-8.0. The predominant cellular fatty acids are C16 : 1ω5c and C16 : 0; the major respiratory quinone is menaquinone MK-6, and the DNA G+C content is 46.3 mol%. Based on phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene, in addition to phenotypic characteristics, RKEM611(T) represents a novel species and genus of a novel family within the order Bdellovibrionales. The names Pseudobacteriovoracaceae fam. nov. and Pseudobacteriovorax antillogorgiicola gen., nov., sp., nov. are proposed. Isolate RKEM611(T) ( = NCCB 100521(T) = LMG 28452(T)) is the type strain.
Heat-labile and heat-stable anti-schistosomular antibodies in Kenyan schoolchildren infected with Schistosoma mansoni (1981)

Two in vitro cytotoxicity assays using 51Cr-labelled Schistosoma mansoni schistosomula were performed on serum samples collected from 91 schoolchildren infected with S. mansoni from Machakos District, Kenya. One assay, which is believed to detect IgE/antigen complexes, uses unheated serum and human monocytes; the other, believed to detect IgG antibodies, uses heat-inactivated serum and unpurified peripheral blood leucocytes. Analysis of the data was complicated because the children were drawn from two separate studies and the data was extremely variable, probably because of the manner in which infections are acquired under natural conditions. There was a strong, positive regression of intensity of infection on age of the children, and evidence that IgG, but not IgE, activity was related to intensity of infection. There was no clear-cut relationship of IgE and IgG activities with the age of the children, and little evidence of any correlation between IgE and IgG activities within individual children. The implications of this latter dissociation and the possibility of either mechanism acting as the effector mechanism for concomitant immunity in man are discussed in the light of these results.
Osteomyelitis in the diabetic patient: diagnosis and treatment. Part 1: Overview, diagnosis, and microbiology. (2001)

Foot ulcerations are common among people with diabetes and often lead to mixed infections that require hospitalization and create significant challenges for clinicians. Many result in contiguous bone infections. Regimens used to treat osteomyelitis often are seen as controversial. A subtle balance between medical and surgical therapy is necessary if a potentially curative outcome is to be achieved. The following article is one of a two-part series. This, the first manuscript, discusses the diagnosis and microbiology of contiguous osteomyelitis in the diabetic foot.
Spontaneous Raman emission in porous silicon at 1.5 µm and prospects for a Raman amplifier (2006)

In the last three years, the possibility of light generation and/or amplification in silicon, based on Raman emission, has achieved significant results. However, limitations inherent to the physics of silicon have also been pointed out. One possible option to overcome these limitations is to consider low dimensional silicon. In this paper, an approach based on Raman scattering in porous silicon is theoretically and experimentally investigated. We prove two significant advantages with respect to silicon: the broadening of the spontaneous Raman emission and the tuning of the Stokes shift. Finally, we discuss the prospect of a Raman amplifier in porous silicon.
Early induction of LDL receptor gene during rat liver regeneration (1993)

After partial hepatectomy in the rat, there is substantial lipid accumulation in the liver. No information is available on the possible role of receptor-mediated endocytosis in this process. Since the low density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor is stimulated as a part of an early growth response in cell culture (Ellsworth et al.: Biochem. J. 279:175-187, 1991), the metabolism of this receptor during liver regeneration was studied. The mRNA and membrane protein level of the receptor were measured in the liver and in the adrenal glands at different times after partial hepatectomy, corresponding to different phases of the cell cycle. A discontinuous pattern of receptor expression is detectable in the regenerating liver; a large increase of mRNA and membrane protein occurs at an early time (2-4 h), suggesting that there is induction of LDL receptor gene transcription shortly after partial hepatectomy. This response seems specific for the liver following injury since the adrenal receptor does not show a different pattern in partially hepatectomized rats and sham-operated controls. After returning to control levels, the LDL receptor again increases slightly above control at 24 h, a time when cell replication begins.
Gene therapy for HIV infection (2014)

Multiple efforts are underway to reproduce the Berlin patient situation by engineering autologous T cells or hematopoietic stem cells resistant to HIV infection. There is no doubt that the major challenge is the elimination of latent viral reservoirs. With this goal in mind, we have entered a new era in the hope for HIV cure.
A 2-Dimensional MEMS Optical Scanner for Landing Laser Rader (2022)

We present the design, fabrication, and demonstration of a two-dimensional MEMS (microelectromechanical systems) optical scanner for a compact laser radar for a spacecraft landing on a planet. Electrostatic force caused by the voltages applied to the comb-like micro electrodes is adopted as an operation principle that is inherently robust to the harsh environment in space. Optical scan angles of 10º × 15º is obtained with drive voltages of 150V.