gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Polyphase Induction Motor Performance and Losses on Nonsinusoidal Voltage Sources (1968)

Induction motors excited with static frequency converters almost invariably are subjected to nonsinusoidal voltage waveforms, and the presence of time harmonics in the applied voltage results in currents at the harmonic frequencies. These currents result in additional and sometimes rather large losses. A method for calculating these harmonic currents and losses is presented, and experimental data are included to substantiate it. The losses are separated into various components and it is shown that the largest loss is usually in the rotor bars as a result of deep bar effect. Harmonic losses are shown to be nearly independent of motor load and the fundamental magnetizing current is found to increase over that which would be present for the same rms fundamental voltage. These observations are explained on a theoretical basis. The encouraging correlation between test and calculated data confirms that the important elements which differ between motor performance on sinusoidal and nonsinusoidal waveforms have been identified and accounted for.
Antifungal Susceptibility Patterns of Opportunistic Fungi in the Genera Verruconis and Ochroconis (2014)

Species of Verruconis and species of Ochroconis are dematiaceous fungi generally found in the environment but having the ability to infect humans, dogs, cats, poultry, and fish. This study presents the antifungal susceptibility patterns of these fungi at the species level. Forty strains originating from clinical and environmental sources were phylogenetically identified at the species level by using sequences of the ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacer (rDNA ITS). In vitro antifungal susceptibility testing was performed against eight antifungals, using the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) broth microdilution method. The geometric mean MICs for amphotericin B (AMB), flucytosine (5FC), fluconazole (FLC), itraconazole (ITC), voriconazole (VRC), and posaconazole (POS) and minimum effective concentrations (MECs) for caspofungin (CAS) and anidulafungin (AFG) across the Ochroconis and Verruconis species were as follows, in increasing order. For Verruconis species, the values (μg/ml) were as follows: AFG, 0.04; POS, 0.25; ITC, 0.37; AMB, 0.50; CAS, 0.65; VRC, 0.96; 5FC, 10.45; and FLC, 47.25. For Ochroconis species, the values (μg/ml) were as follows: AFG, 0.06; POS, 0.11; CAS, 0.67; VRC, 2.76; ITC, 3.94; AMB, 5.68; 5FC, 34.48; and FLC, 61.33. Antifungal susceptibility of Ochroconis and Verruconis was linked with phylogenetic distance and thermotolerance. Echinocandins and POS showed the greatest in vitro activity, providing possible treatment options for Ochroconis and Verruconis infections.
High Purity Germanium: From Gamma-Ray Detection to Dark Matter Subterranean Detectors (2019)

High purity germanium remains the material of choice for the detection of photons in the range of MeV or higher, down to the hard X-ray range. Since the operation of HPGe-based detectors is possible only at or below the liquid nitrogen temperature, their advantage is mainly the resolution, which matches the Fano factor if appropriate cooled electronic readout is used. We focus here on present-day applications of HPGe detectors, which are now broader than ever despite the recent development of room-temperature photon detectors based on binary compounds. We present in particular dark matter detectors and γ-ray trackers as examples of the recent applications of HPGe as a detecting medium. More generally, we discuss the future of γ-ray detectors and the role that the semiconductor detectors will keep with respect to alternative detection materials. This chapter is an introduction to this general topic, and the reader is encouraged to refer to research and review articles on this subject published in the past or recently.
Compression tests of structural steel at elevated temperatures (1934)

The strength in compression and the stress-strain relations are given for structural-steel shapes and for round bars at temperatures up to 945C (1,733F), the slenderness ratio (l/r) for the bars being in the general range 20 to 150. One group of tests with cast-iron specimens is included for comparative purposes.
A direct digital frequency synthesizer with minimized tuning latency of 12ns (2011)

A downside for all direct digital synthesizer (DDS) architectures is that every DDS has a phase accumulator (PA) whose normalized phase value φ must be updated for each (sin 2πφ, cos 2πφ) output-pair produced, and such updating introduces a rather long carry-ripple. PA lengths of 32-b are commonplace and 48-b or longer PA can be found in commercial DDS products. When a DDS with high data-rate is needed, the long PA carry-ripple can present a serious bottle neck-one usually overcome by some form of PA pipelining-but then, only at the cost of a significant increase in "tuning latency" as well as added power consumption and chip-area. Ref. [1] explains how (for a mere 24-b PA) such pipelining introduces a 55-cycle latency, setting the system's frequency-hopping limit at 700/55 = 12.7MHz, for a DDS generating outputs at 700MHz. All such PA pipelining difficulties are completely eliminated by the architecture reported here.
Iridium‐Catalysed Reductive Deoxygenation of Ketones with Formic Acid as Traceless Hydride Donor (2020)

Abstract An iridium‐catalysed deoxygenation of ketones and aldehydes is achieved, with formic acid as hydride donor and water as co‐solvent. At low catalyst loading, a number of 4‐( N , N ‐disubstituted amino) aryl ketones are readily deoxygenated in excellent yields and chemoselectivity. Numerous functional groups, especially phenolic and alcoholic hydroxyls, secondary amine, carboxylic acid, and alkyl chloride, are well tolerable. Geminally dideuterated alkanes are obtained with up to 90% D incorporation, when DCO 2 D and D 2 O are used in place of their hydrogenative counterparts. The activating 4‐( N , N ‐disubstituted amino)aryl groups have been demonstrated to undergo a variety of useful transformations. The deoxygenative deuterations have been used to prepare a deuterated drug molecule Chlorambucil‐4,4‐ d 2 . magnified image
A log-structured buffer for database systems using non-volatile memory (2017)

Emerging next-generation non-volatile memory (NVM) technologies, including PCM and STT-MRAM, provide low latency, high bandwidth, non-volatility, and high capacity. Recently, NVM has drawn much attention from the database community to improve transaction processing (e.g., write-ahead logging). As a complement to existing work, we investigate NVM for atomic page updates in database systems. Atomic page update is required for consistent recovery, and database systems generally use redundant writes to support atomic page update (e.g., doublewrite buffer in MySQL/InnoDB). However, redundant writes negatively affect the database and lifetime of storage devices (e.g., flash-based SSD). In this paper, we present LSBM, a log-structured buffer manager which updates pages atomically and efficiently using NVM. LSBM updates pages in an out-of-place manner to achieve atomicity and performs page buffering to improve performance. LSBM also reclaims the buffered pages on the fly to reduce the write traffic to storage. We implement LSBM using an NVDIMM as NVM and ported it to MySQL/InnoDB. The experimental results demonstrate that LSBM improves database performance and reduces write traffic on OLTP workloads.
Blockade of Host β2-Adrenergic Receptor Enhances Graft-versus-Tumor Effect through Modulating APCs (2018)

Allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation is a potential curative therapy for hematologic malignancies. Host APCs are pivotal to the desired graft-versus-tumor (GVT) effect. Recent studies have shown that β2-adrenergic receptor (β2AR) signaling can have an important impact on immune cell function, including dendritic cells (DCs). In this article, we demonstrate that pretreatment of host mice with a β2AR blocker significantly increases the GVT effect of donor CD8<sup>+</sup> T cells by decreasing tumor burden without increasing graft-versus-host disease. β2AR-deficient host mice have significantly increased effector memory and central memory CD8<sup>+</sup> T cells and improved reconstitution of T cells, including CD4<sup>+</sup>Foxp3<sup>+</sup> regulatory T cells. Notably, β2AR deficiency induces increased CD11c<sup>+</sup> DC development. Also, β2AR-deficient bone marrow-derived DCs induce higher CD8<sup>+</sup> T cell proliferation and improved tumor killing in vitro. Metabolic profiling shows that β2AR deficiency renders DCs more immunogenic through upregulation of mTOR activity and reduction of STAT3 phosphorylation. Altogether, these findings demonstrate an important role for host β2AR signaling in suppressing T cell reconstitution and GVT activity.
Supplementary Figure 5 from Thalidomide in Total Therapy 2 Overcomes Inferior Prognosis of Myeloma with Low Expression of the Glucocorticoid Receptor Gene <i>NR3C1</i> (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file, 94K, Post-relapse survival according to NR3C1 levels at baseline and at relapse.&lt;/p&gt;
Amino Acid Sequence of Sardine Calcitonin and Its Hypocalcemic Activity in Rats (1994)

(Uploaded by Plazi from the Biodiversity Heritage Library) No abstract provided.
From removing to using ghost reflections (2015)

Summary A marine source generates a direct wavefield as well as a ghost wavefield due to the strong surface reflectivity. This corresponds to a natural blending process. Therefore, in this paper we consider source deghosting as a special case of deblending (‘echo-deblending’), leading to a non-causal, full-wavefield algorithm that is characterized by utilizing the ghost reflections. This means that echo-deblending is principally different from the well-known prediction-error solutions as these solutions aim at removing the ghost reflections. As expected, the echo-deblending algorithm can also be applied to the detector side. Echo-deblending is independent of the complexity of the subsurface; only what happens at and near the surface is relevant. Depending on the actual sea state, the reflection coefficient may become frequency dependent. Moreover, the water velocity may vary due to temporal and lateral variations in temperature, salinity and pressure. Therefore, estimation of the actual ghost model is an integral part of the echo-deblending algorithm. This is particularly important for source deghosting, where interaction of the source wavefield with the surface may be far from linear. Optionally, echo-deblending includes the numerical simulation of multi-level data acquisition. The output of the echo-deblending algorithm consists of two ghost-free records: one generated by the real source at the actual location below the water level (+zs) and one generated by the ghost source at the mirrored location above the water level (−zs). If we apply our algorithm at the detector side as well, we end up with four ghost-free shot records. Optionally, these four records are transformed to one record at a common source-receiver datum (z0).
MEASURING PHONON MEAN FREE PATHS USING THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY SPECTROSCOPY (2013)

Size effects in heat conduction, which occur when phonon mean free paths (MFPs) are comparable to characteristic lengths, are being extensively explored in many nanoscale systems for energy applications. Knowledge of MFPs is essential to understanding size effects, yet MFPs are largely unknown for most materials. In this chapter we provide a comprehensive overview of thermal conductivity spectroscopy, a recently developed technique that allows the direct measurement of phonon MFPs over a wide range of materials and length scales. We first introduce the physical principle of the technique and how the measurement is performed and interpreted, and then describe several experimental implementations that have allowed MFP distributions to be measured over length scales spanning nearly three orders of magnitude in silicon, gallium arsenide, and sapphire. Finally, we discuss how this newly developed technique may be applied over a much wider range of materials and length scales, as well as how the measurements can be used in the nanoscale heat transfer field and for energy applications.
Interleukin 2 induction of proliferation in resting T lymphocytes requires contact with monocytes. (2000)

Resting human T cells are known to express significant numbers of intermediate but none or barely detectable low and high affinity IL-2 receptors (IL-2R). IL-2 alone failed to induce proliferation in these cells. However, in presence of small proportion of autologous monocytes, as low as 22 pM, IL-2 induced high levels of proliferation in resting T cells. Introduction of a semi permeable membrane between the two cell types or addition of an anti-CD11b mAb inhibited such induction of proliferation by IL-2. Neither recombinant IL-1 nor IL-1-containing cell-free extracts from activated monocytes substituted for intact monocytes. Autologous B cells failed to replace monocytes. Using antigen-specific cloned human T cells we have shown a lack of requirement for antigen. The proliferation was inhibited by anti-IL-2R alpha mAb. IL-2 appears to be unique since neither IL-4 nor IL-6, alone or in presence of monocytes, led to induction of proliferation in resting T cells. Combination of IL-2 and monocytes induced proliferation in all T cell subpopulations (CD4+, CD8+, CD45RA+ and CD45RO+) and antigen-specific clones examined. It also induces mRNA and surface expression of IL-2R alpha, appearance of high affinity IL-2R and induction of proliferation in large proportions of T cells. As in humans, the IL-2 induction of proliferation in murine resting T cells required contact with syngeneic monocytes, suggesting that such a mechanism of T cells activation is highly conserved.
Dupilumab Significantly Modulates Pain and Discomfort in Patients With Atopic Dermatitis: A Post Hoc Analysis of 5 Randomized Clinical Trials (2020)

Pain/discomfort, present in a substantial proportion of patients with moderate-to-severe AD, was significantly reduced by dupilumab treatment. Given the low-to-moderate correlations with other AD symptoms at baseline, pain likely represents a distinct AD symptom.Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov identifiers NCT01859988, NCT02277743, NCT02277769, NCT02260986, and NCT02755649.
Analysis of non-stationary signals--Digital filters vs. FFT (2005)

Meaningful analysis of non-stationary signals such as speech, is normally implemented on mini-computers coupled to array processors. In contrast, this paper describes the use of dedicated, self-contained instruments for the simpler forms of analysis. A real-time, 1/3 octave digital filter bank coupled to an RMS detector with time constants down to 1/32 s is described as well as a unique FFT processor with a lo K input memory. Scan analysis permits seeing the running 1 K spectrum at different speeds. Addition of a small table top computer permits "scan" cepstrum for pitch extraction and formant analysis.
Mechanism of the Hypersensitivity Reaction of Plants (2007)

Active defence of plants (hypersensitive resistance) is induced by the pathogen itself. This is illustrated using the example of two almost isogenic lines of Nicotiana tabacum micro-inoculated with the U1 strain of tobacco mosaic virus. Necrotic stress, accompanied by metabolic alterations which are responsible for the antiviral resistance, is triggered after 33–36 hours of interaction between the plant resistance gene product and the corresponding viral avirulence gene product. The same set of metabolic changes is found in most examples of active defence during various interactions of the incompatible type. These changes are specific to the host but not to the triggering parasite. The alterations include cell wall thickening resulting from production of macromolecules, and the production of defence enzymes and proteins. Defence enzymes fall into two classes: enzymes that catalyse the production of various metabolites participating in resistance (ethylene, phytoalexins, aromatic compounds, oxidized metabolites); and direct defence enzymes (hydrolases such as chitinases and glucanases). The defence proteins include inhibitors of proteases and of polygalacturonases and pathogenesis-related (PR) proteins. Several tobacco PR proteins are in fact hydrolases. A general mechanism for the elicitation of active defence (including antiviral defence) is proposed and discussed in relation to strategies that can be used to engineer plants and confer resistance to a wide range of microorganisms.
Instantaneous Axis of Rotation as a Function of the Three Columns of the Spine (1992)

A knowledge of the rotatory motion of the vertebral bodies is needed to understand the normal biomechanical behavior of the spine. The aims of this investigation were 1) to define the instantaneous axis of rotation of the lumbar spine in rotation; and 2) to study the effect of the loss of the anulus, facet joints, and ligamentous structures on the location of the instantaneous axis of rotation. The instantaneous axis of rotation was found in 10 human cadaver thoracolumbar spines by the method of Reuleaux from superimposed serial photographs. Long-segment specimens were tested to minimize the effect of the imposed axis of the testing device. The instantaneous axis of rotation was consistently posterior to the anulus in the intact spine. With isolated destruction of the columns of the spine, the instantaneous axis of rotation migrated to the remaining intact structures. Anterior releases enhance derotation by removing the primary rotatory stabilizer. Ultimate control of a rotatory deformity or instability lies in the recognition that the anterior structures have a mechanical advantage in resisting torsion.
Molecular and biochemical characterization of MUC17 (2006)

2624 The study of mucins as membrane localized glycoproteins that present a restricted pattern of expression in the human body is better defining normal tissues from their malignant counterparts. Mucin 17 (MUC17) is a large, membrane-anchored glycoprotein displayed primarily in the gastrointestinal tract where it likely serves a role in protection from this extra-cellular environment. We have found that MUC17 is aberrantly expressed in pancreatic tumor cells and tumor cell lines. No expression of MUC17 is detected in normal pancreas or in benign pancreatitis. It is therefore hypothesized that MUC17 is associated with pancreatic cancer, and its expression pattern may be a valuable marker for the diagnosis of this lethal disease. Understanding the biochemical and molecular events that lead to an altered MUC17 expression is highly warranted. The membrane-tethered mucin family members are synthesized as distinct forms including; membrane-bound, secreted, and deleted of the large mucin central domain. MUC17 is herein shown to give rise to two alternatively spliced mRNAs that code specifically for membrane-bound and secreted forms of the protein. The identification of both transcripts was shown in AsPC-1 (pancreatic adenocarcinoma) and Ls174T (colonic adenocarcinoma) cells lines which highly express MUC17. Evolutionary pressures are reported to have maintained clusters of related mucin genes at specific chromosomal loci including: 11p15.5 (secreted, gel forming - MUC2, -5AC, -5B, -6), 3q29 (soluble, non-gel forming MUC4, MUC20) and those under study at 7q22 (membrane-bound MUC3A/B, -12, -17) Radiation hybridization mapping has revealed that three GI track specific mucins (MUC3, MUC12, and MUC17) are clustered on the short arm of chromosome 7 within close proximity of each other. It stands to reason that some nature of co-regulatory control exists for these mucins and an altered expression of the clustered genes has implications in the diseased state. Therefore, expression of MUC17 was knocked-down in AsPC-1 and Ls174T cell lines. Clones were tested for MUC3, MUC12, and MUC17 expression alongside their parental cell lines to investigate phenotypic changes induced by the absence of MUC17 in the 7q22 cluster. Western blot and immunohistochemical analyses using rabbit polyclonal antibody generated against MUC17 confirmed MUC17 in pancreatic cancer cell lines, pancreatic adenocarcinoma, and colonic adenocarcinoma tissue sections. In conclusion, our new results provide the evidences for the existence of an alternative MUC17 transcript (which codes for a secreted form of the protein) and further show that MUC17 is aberrantly expressed in pancreatic adenocarcinoma where its exact implication will be determined in the near future.
Inducing Photochemical Cortical Lesions in Rat Brain (2003)

In the rat photochemical cortical lesion model described in this unit, an intravascular photochemical reaction induces endothelial damage resulting in platelet aggregation, thrombosis, thrombotic response (secretion of factors by the platelets) and permanent cerebral vascular occlusion. Because thrombosis is produced in pial vessels, the resulting cortical infarct is generally smaller and more reproducible than in the models involving occlusion of the middle cerebral artery. The surgical procedures involved are limited, making this model generally easier to perform and less invasive than most other models of permanent focal ischemia that involve mechanical occlusion of major cerebral arteries.
Thiophene series. XV The effect of leaving groups on the reactivity of nitro‐activated thiophene derivatives with sodium thiophenoxide (1971)

Abstract The effect of leaving groups on the reactivity of 3‐X‐2‐nitrothiophene (1), 2‐X‐3‐nitrothiophene (II) and 2‐X‐5‐nitrothiophene (III) (X = Cl, Br, I, OC 6 H 4 NO 2 ( p ), SO 2 C 6 H 5 ) with sodium thiophenoxide has been examined. The results show that the reactivity ratio kIII/kII is always greater than unity and is relatively uninfluenced by changing leaving groups compared to the ratio kI/kII. The ratio kI/kII is greater or smaller than unity, according to following patterns of leaving groups Examination of the reactivity of the three series of compounds having Cl, Br, I and C 6 H 4 NO 2 ( p ) as leaving groups showed the absence of an “element effect” which indicates that in the transition states of these displacement reactions there is little breaking of the bond to the group being displaced.
Evaluation of crystal structures with partial occupancies using Boolean satisfiability techniques in STRUPLOX (2019)

The crystal-chemical evaluation of crystal structures is usually based on the interpretation of interatomic distances and angles, as, e.g., done just recently This approach works well for ordered structures with well-defined distances. If atom positions are partially occupied, the interpretation of crystal structures becomes difficult or nearly impossible if there are multiple positions with partial occupancies. In order to find a solution for possible atom distributions where the simultaneous occupancy does not yield conflicting distances to nearest neighbors, we have employed Boolean satisfiability (SAT) techniques Restrictions due to site occupancies calculated in crystal-streucture refinements are encoded as Boolean expressions which are then combined and passed to the SAT algorithm. Here we present the program STRUPLOX providing an automated procedure for the interpretation of the crystal structure starting with the input of atom parameters until the presentation of possible solutions for the atom distribution. Restrictions for interatomic distances are derived from the sum of ionic radii of adjacent atoms. Interatomic distances are calculated and coordination numbers are determined from bond-valence sum calculations.
Can the apparent diffusion coefficient be used as a noninvasive parameter to distinguish tumor tissue from peritumoral tissue in cerebral gliomas? (2004)

The ADC is not helpful for distinguishing tumor tissue from peritumoral brain tissue in gliomas.