gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Direct recovery of shape from multiple views: a parallax based approach (2002)

Given two arbitrary views of a scene under central projection, if the motion of points on a parametric surface is compensated, the residual parallax displacement field on the reference image is an epipolar field. If the surface aligned is a plane, the parallax magnitude at an image point is directly proportional to the height of the point from the plane and inversely proportional to its depth from the camera. The authors exploit the above theorem to infer 3D height information from oblique aerial 2D images. The authors use direct methods to register the aerial images and develop methods to infer height information under the following three conditions: (i) focal length and image center are both known, (ii) only the focal length is known, and (iii) both are unknown.
Cloning and sequencing of PYBP, a pyrimidine-rich specific single strand DNA-binding protein (1991)

In the human transferrin gene promoter, PRI and DRI are positive cis-acting elements interacting respectively with two families of proteins, Tf-LF1 and Tf-LF2. In this paper, we report the purification from rat liver nuclei, of one of these factors, PYBP, as well as the cloning and the sequencing of its cDNA. PYBP is a DNA-binding protein, purified as a 58 kDa doublet which binds only to single strand pyrimidine-rich DNA present for example in PRI and DRI. The protein binds also to a similar polypyrimidine tract present in one of the two strands of a DNA regulatory element of the rat tyrosine aminotransferase gene enhancer. PYBP gene is transcribed ubiquitously as a roughly 2.8 kb RNA which is likely to be subject to an alternative splicing. PYBP is highly homologous to a mouse nuclear protein, as well as to PTB, its human version, which interacts specifically with the pyrimidine tracts of introns. Primary structure information and predicted secondary structure elements of the protein indicate that PYBP contains four sequence repeats. Each of these repeats appears to exhibit the typical RNA recognition motif found in several proteins interacting with RNA or single strand DNA. Finally several hypotheses concerning the biological function of PYBP are presented.
Design of a high performance self-timed ARM9 processor (2008)

This paper presents an asynchronous implementation of ARM9 processor, AEM32. We introduce an adaptive pipeline structure that makes the pipeline depth dynamically. We employ a parallel processing control based on datapath splitting to execute the instruction fed into the pipeline in parallel when they have different datapath. AEM32 is synthesized using a 0.35-µm CMOS cell library. Simulation results show that our implementation had 2.6 times higher performance than the asynchronous counterpart, AMULET3i. In terms of Et2, AEM32 shows 3 times higher efficiency than the other counterpart, ARM966HS.
Physiologic relevance of the membrane attack complex inhibitory protein CD59 in human seminal plasma: CD59 is present on extracellular organelles (prostasomes), binds cell membranes, and inhibits complement-mediated lysis. (1993)

We demonstrate here that CD59, an inhibitor of the membrane attack complex (MAC) of the complement system, is present in cell-free seminal plasma (SP) at a concentration of at least 20 micrograms/ml. Analyses by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, Western blotting, and Edman degradation indicated that this protein, SP CD59, was similar, if not identical, to CD59 isolated from erythrocyte (E) membranes (E CD59). Like purified E CD59, SP CD59 also possesses a glycosyl phosphatidyl inositol (GPI) anchor and incorporates into the membranes of heterologous cells where it inhibits lysis by the human MAC. This phenomenon could be demonstrated not only if cells were incubated with purified SP CD59 but also if unfractionated SP were used. Further, CD59 in unfractionated SP bound to washed spermatozoa, increasing their membrane content of the protein. The mechanism by which this protein retains its GPI anchor while apparently present in the fluid phase is of interest and was further investigated. Using the techniques of high-speed centrifugation, fast performance liquid chromatography fractionation, and electron microscopy, we found that all detectable SP CD59 was associated with vesicular extracellular organelles. These organelles, named "prostasomes," were previously known to be present in SP and to interact with spermatozoa, although their function was uncertain. Interaction of heterologous E with prostasomes rendered the cells more resistant to lysis by human MACs. We propose that these organelles represent a pool of CD59 from which protein lost from spermatozoa, perhaps as a result of low level complement attack or of normal membrane turnover, can be replenished.
Hemoglobin in a Nonleguminous Plant, Parasponia : Possible Genetic Origin and Function in Nitrogen Fixation (1983)

A dimeric hemoglobin was purified from nitrogen-fixing root nodules formed by association of Rhizobium with a nonleguminous plant, Parasponia. The oxygen dissociation rate constant is probably sufficiently high to allow Parasponia hemoglobin to function in a fashion similar to that of leghemoglobin, by oxygen buffering and transport during symbiotic nitrogen fixation. The identification of hemoglobin in a nonlegume raises important questions about the evolution of plant hemoglobin genes.
Decoupled Exploration and Exploitation Policies for Sample-Efficient\n Reinforcement Learning (2021)

Despite the close connection between exploration and sample efficiency, most\nstate of the art reinforcement learning algorithms include no considerations\nfor exploration beyond maximizing the entropy of the policy. In this work we\naddress this seeming missed opportunity. We observe that the most common\nformulation of directed exploration in deep RL, known as bonus-based\nexploration (BBE), suffers from bias and slow coverage in the few-sample\nregime. This causes BBE to be actively detrimental to policy learning in many\ncontrol tasks. We show that by decoupling the task policy from the exploration\npolicy, directed exploration can be highly effective for sample-efficient\ncontinuous control. Our method, Decoupled Exploration and Exploitation Policies\n(DEEP), can be combined with any off-policy RL algorithm without modification.\nWhen used in conjunction with soft actor-critic, DEEP incurs no performance\npenalty in densely-rewarding environments. On sparse environments, DEEP gives a\nseveral-fold improvement in data efficiency due to better exploration.\n
Peptide Nucleic Acids with a Structurally Biased Backbone: Effects of Conformational Constraints and Stereochemistry (2007)

Peptide nucleic acids (PNAs) are polyamidic oligonucleotide analogs which have been described for the first time fifteen years ago and were immediately found to be excellent tools in binding DNA and RNA for diagnostics and gene regulation. Their use as therapeutic agents have been proposed since early studies and recent advancements in cellular delivery systems, and in the so called anti-gene strategy, makes them good candidates for drug development. The search for new chemical modification of PNAs is a very active field of research and new structures are continuously proposed. This review focuses on the recent advancements obtained by the modification of the PNA backbone, and their possible use in medicinal chemistry. In particular two classes of structurally biased PNAs are described in details: i) PNAs with acyclic structures and their helical preference, which is regulated by stereochemistry and ii) cyclic PNAs with preorganized structures, whose performances depend both on stereochemistry and on conformational constraints. The properties of these compounds are discussed in terms of affinity for nucleic acids, and several recent examples of their use in cellular or animal systems are presented.
A novel evolutionary algorithm for identifying multiple alternative solutions in model updating (2010)

This article proposes an evolutionary algorithm that is able to identify both global and local minima. This is accomplished by including two new operators to a traditional steady-state genetic algorithm. The proposed algorithm uses a single population in contrast to other evolutionary algorithms available in the literature. The algorithm is used to update a model of a structural system and provide the analyst with different plausible solutions for the updated models. Model updating techniques are used to enhance the behavior of numerical models of existing structures based on experimental data. Although the optimal updated model corresponds to the global minimum of the objective function, the model with the best physical representation of the structure could be a local minimum because of modeling errors, noise in the experimental data, errors in the extraction of system features from the experimental data and limited number sensors, among other factors. The evolutionary algorithm proposed in this article identifies global and local minima of the objective function, giving the analyst the option to choose the updated model from a set of plausible models. These models are specially designed to be as physically different as possible from each other providing the analyst with significantly different alternatives. The proposed methodology is validated with two numerical examples. The first example shows the capabilities of the technique with a mathematical function. A model updating problem using the American Society of Civil Engineering Structural Health Monitoring Benchmark structure is used for the second numerical example.
Long-Term Clinical and Immunological Profile of Kidney Transplant Patients Given Mesenchymal Stromal Cell Immunotherapy (2018)

We report here the long-term clinical and immunological results of four living-donor kidney transplant patients given autologous bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) as part of a phase 1 study focused on the safety and feasibility of this cell therapy. According to study protocols implemented over time, based on initial early safety findings, the patients were given MSC at day 7 posttransplant (<i>n</i> = 2) or at day -1 pretransplant (<i>n</i> = 2) and received induction therapy with basiliximab and low-dose rabbit anti-thymocyte globulin (RATG) or RATG alone, and were maintained on low-dose ciclosporin (CsA)/mycophenolate mofetil (MMF). All MSC-treated patients had stable graft function during the 5- to 7-year follow-up, without increased susceptibility to infections or neoplasm. In three MSC recipients, but not historical control patients, circulating memory CD8<sup>+</sup> T cell percentages remained lower than basal, coupled with persistent reduction of <i>ex vivo</i> donor-specific cytotoxicity. Two patients showed a long-lasting increase in the regulatory T cell/memory CD8<sup>+</sup> T cell ratio, paralleled by high circulating levels of naïve and transitional B cells. In one of these two patients, CsA was successfully discontinued, and currently the low-dose MMF monotherapy is on the tapering phase. The study shows that MSC therapy is safe in the long term and could promote a pro-tolerogenic environment in selected patients. Extensive immunomonitoring of MSC-treated kidney transplant recipients could help selection of patients for safe withdrawal of maintenance immunosuppressive drugs (NCT00752479 and NCT02012153).
Multilevel parallelization models: application to VIV (2004)

Realistic simulations of flow past a flexible cylinder subject to vortex-induced vibrations require a large number of Fourier modes along the cylinder span and high resolutions in the streamwise and cross-flow directions. Parallel computations employing a single-level parallelism for this type of problems have clear performance limitations that prevent effective scaling to the large processor count on modern supercomputers. We present two multilevel parallel paradigms based on MPI/MPI and MPI/OpenMP for high-order CFD methods within the spectral element framework and compare their performance. In the MPI/MPI model, we employ MPI process groups/communicators to decompose the flow domain and MPI processes into different levels. In the MPI/OpenMP model, we employ multiple OpenMP threads to split the workload within the subdomain and take a coarse-grain approach that significantly reduces the OpenMP synchronizations. For identical configurations the MPI/MPI model is observed to be generally more efficient. However, for dynamic p-refinement the MPI/OpenMP approach is more effective. Because a greatly reduced number of processes are involved in the communications at each level, these multilevel parallel paradigms reduce the network latency overhead and enable the applications to scale to a large number of processors more efficiently.
<title>Traffic sensor using a color vision method</title> (1997)

In order to support intelligent traffic management systems, future traffic sensors will need to provide more traffic variables, and more accurate data than provided by the commonly used sensors today. In particular, future systems will need to recognize vehicles from sensor to sensor in order to measure point-to-point traffic variables like travel time. One characteristic that may be used to match vehicles between sensors is color. This work describes a machine vision based traffic sensor under development that uses sophisticated color signatures as a key component.
Observation of particles behavior near the wall using a narrow channel (2019)

Particle behavior on flat plate in narrow flow channel was experimentally investigated. As the test particle, polystyrene particle, glass particle, TiO2 and SiO2 powder were used and compared differences in behaviors for each particle. Number density of particles was measured using the microscope camera. Relatively large particles were removed from the wall surface to upper layer of the flow by the effect of lift force. However, the small and high density particles such as the TiO2 powder, could not remove from the wall surface. In addition, the difference in particle velocity for each particle diameter in a steady flow was measured using polystyrene at near the wall surface and center of narrow flow channel. At near the wall surface, large particles trended to move faster than small particles. At center of narrow flow channel, particle velocity was constant regardless of particle diameter. At near the wall surface, large particles was affected by the velocity distribution by shear layer and move faster than small particles.
Integrated optical devices for fiber gyroscope applications (1990)

Fourteen years after its inception, the fiber optic gyro (FOG) has reached the advanced development stage. Approximately a dozen companies are actively involved in FOG development, with several expecting limited production runs to begin within 5 years for low cost, moderate grade gyros.
Progressive Multicystic Encephalopathy: Is There More Than Hypoxia-Ischemia? (2007)

Progressive multicystic encephalopathy following prenatal or perinatal hypoxia-ischemia is a well-described phenomenon in the literature. The authors report on a term infant with a devastating encephalopathy and severe neuronal dysfunction immediately after delivery without a known antecedent of prenatal or perinatal hypoxia or distress. Clinical and paraclinical findings in the patient are compared with those described in the literature. The authors focus on the specific results guiding to the final diagnosis of progressive multicystic encephalopathy and the timing of morphologic changes. As in this case, if the criteria of an acute hypoxic event sufficient to cause neonatal encephalopathy are not met, then factors other than hypoxia-ischemia may be leading to progressive multicystic encephalopathy.
Nanosensors: From near field to far field applications (2011)

The DoD Center for Chemical Sensors Development at the University of Puerto Rico-Mayagüez has worked in developing sensors for threat agents for over 8 years. Work has continued under the ALERT DHS Center of Excellence. The approaches for sensing have covered many types of threat chemicals and some types of biological simulants, including high energetic materials, homemade explosives, mixtures and formulations, chemical agents simulants, toxic industrial chemicals and spore forming microorganisms. Sensing in the far field has been based in vibrational spectroscopy: Raman and infrared. Near field detection has been mainly based on nanotechnology enabled sensing platforms for Surface Enhanced Raman Scattering. Initial use of colloidal suspensions of silver and gold nanospheres eventually evolved to metallic and metal oxide nanorods and to particle immobilization, including sample smearing on substrates and drop-on-demand thermal inkjet printing of nanoparticles. Chemical reduction of metal ions has been substituted by clean photonic physical reduction that leaves the nanoactive surface highly exposed and overcomes the physico-chemical problem of double electrical layers posed by colloidal suspensions of nanoparticles. New avenues have open wide research endeavors by using laser techniques to form nanoprisms and interference based metallic nano-images and micro-images. UV based metal reduction on top of metal oxides nanostructures promises to provide the selectivity and sensitivity expected for the last 30-40 years. Various applications and experimental setups will be discussed.
大きなオークの木の下で : ヴィタ・サックヴィル・ウェストとオーランドー (1992)

Vita Sackville-West loved Virginia Woolf and admired her as a literary genius. On the other hand, Virginia loved Vita who was a "real woman" and who gave her maternal protection, but she did not like Vita's poetry so much. Orlando is Vita's biography but Woolf did not glorify her wholeheartedly.\n\nOrlando starts writing a long poem "The Oak Tree" when he is 16 years old in the 16th century, and she completes it when she is 34 years old in the 19th century. The poem changes as the hero( ine ) grows older, and when it is completed, it contains the whole history of English literature.\n\nWoolf thought literature should aim for anonymity, and it was anonymous when people began to sing in the medieaval wood. The audience felt sympathy with the poet, and sometimes the audience were also poets. But as time passed, the poet and the reader were separated from each other. The wood is the symbol of the state in which people sang and listened to anonymous songs. The sole oak tree which stands on top of the hill in Orlando's park is the remnant of the wood and contains the history of England. "The Oak Tree" is a poem on the oak tree, and it represents Virginia Woolf's ideal poem.\n\nVita, however, did not aim for anonymity, but wrote poems for fame, thought Woolf. So at the end of the novel she made Vita quit writing poems and turned her into a maternal figure. Orlando is "the longest and most charming love letter" for Vita, and at the same time it is the criticism of Vita.
A unifying convex analysis and switching system approach to consensus\n with undirected communication graphs (2018)

Switching between finitely many continuous-time autonomous steepest descent\ndynamics for convex functions is considered. Convergence of complete solutions\nto common minimizers of the convex functions, if such minimizers exist, is\nshown. The convex functions need not be smooth and may be subject to\nconstraints. Since the common minimizers may represent consensus in a\nmulti-agent system modeled by an undirected communication graph, several known\nresults about asymptotic consensus are deduced as special cases. Extensions to\ntime-varying convex functions and to dynamics given by set-valued mappings more\ngeneral than subdifferentials of convex functions are included.\n
[Clinical features of Japanese pediatric patients with anti-aquaporin 4 antibody]. (2011)

Recently, a disease-specific antibody was found in serum from patients with neuromyelitis optica (NMO), and its target antigen was identified as aquaporin 4 (AQP4) water channel protein. There is no clinical picture of pediatric cases with anti-AQP4 antibody, except one report from North America. Here, we report the clinical features of 18 Japanese anti-AQP4-antibody-positive patients with childhood-onset of NMO. Of the 2000 patients who had been examined for anti-AQP4 antibody at Tohoku University Hospital up until 2008, 60 were under 15 years of age at onset, and 18 of them were positive for anti-AQP4 antibody. We analyzed the clinical information on those patients. There were 14 girls and 4 boys (M:F ratio = 1:3.5). The age of onset ranged from 3 to 15 years old (median 13). The clinical diagnoses of the 18 patients before the anti-AQP4 antibody tests were: NMO in 8 (44%), MS in 7 (39%), and opticospinal MS (OSMS) in 3 (17%). Nine patients developed only optic neuritis at onset. At the last follow-up, brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was abnormal in 14 patients, nine had monocular or binocular blindness, and the expanded disability status scale score was 6.0 or higher (cannot walk without support) in eight patients. NMO has a poor prognosis, as seen in adult cases, suggesting the importance of an early diagnosis using the anti-AQP4 antibody test to institute effective immunosuppressive treatment.
Carbodiimide insertion into sulfonimides: one-step route to azepine derivatives via a two-atom saccharin ring expansion (2016)

A previously unknown insertion of carbodiimides into sulfonimides enables the first one-step, two-atom expansion of the saccharin 5-membered ring into a 7-membered benzo[1,2,4]thiadiazepine, and a two-atom chain extension of a non-cyclic sulfonimide. This reaction is enhanced by copper salts, which allow it to be conducted mechanochemically, in a solvent-free manner.
Beyond arduinos (2015)

Field programmable hardware has transitioned from expensive and exotic prototypes to mass-market consumer devices. We will describe two relatively low cost development tools that can fit into student research budgets. A Doppler sonar example project is presented that demonstrates the ease with which a sensor may be implemented in a mixed signal processor system.
Effect of hepatocyte swelling on microtubule stability and tubulin mRNA levels (1994)

Incubation of isolated rat hepatocytes under conditions known to induce cell swelling caused several alterations in microtubule physiology. As shown by immunofluorescence microscopy experiments in the absence and presence of triethyllead or colchicine (two well-established microtubule inhibitors), an apparent stabilization of the microtubule network became evident in hepatocytes exposed to hypotonic (190 mosmol/L) conditions. A similar stabilizing effect was also observed upon cell swelling induced by addition of insulin (100 nmol/L) or glutamine (10 mmol/L). The differential microtubule stabilities were not attributed to a differential incorporation of the antimicrotubular agents into hepatocytes as shown by [3H]colchicine-uptake experiments. The swelling-induced alterations of microtubules may contribute to the swelling-induced changes of liver cell function: in perfused rat liver it was found that the established inhibitory effect of hypotonic cell swelling on hepatic proteolysis was largely abolished in presence of colchicine. Tubulin mRNA levels increased by 1.9-, 2.1- and 2.7-fold in isolated hepatocytes being exposed for 120 min to hypotonic medium, insulin, or glutamine, respectively. The results suggest an involvement of microtubular structures in the regulation of liver metabolism in response to alterations of the cellular hydration state.