gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Long-Term Ennoblement Studies on Ni-Cr-Mo Alloys (2006)

Abstract The present work demonstrates that seawater corrosion potential ennoblement can persist during long-term immersion exposures for several corrosion resistant Ni-Cr-Mo alloys. The present study considers the implications of long-term and short-term seawater ennoblement on Alloy 625 (UNS N06625), Alloy 276 (UNS N10276), Alloy 59 (UNS N06059), Alloy 2000 (UNS N06200), and Alloy 686 (UNS N06686). When compared to freshly exposed specimens not influenced by ennoblement biofilms, seawater ennoblement of Ni-Cr-Mo alloys are shown to increase the seawater cathodic current capacity of such alloys at potentials more positive than –400mV, but show a diminshed oxygen reduction capacity at potentials below this threshold. The work also explores the ability of seawater ennoblement biofilms to respond to changing cathodic demand. The degree of cathodic current adaptation is lower for mature ennoblement biofilms than for ennoblement biofilms formed on freshly exposed specimens, although the increase in cathodic current capacity – the cathodic current density available to drive galvanic corrosion – is not insignificant for long-term specimens.
Surface Engineering for Bone Implants: A Trend from Passive to Active Surfaces (2012)

The mechanical and biological properties of bone implants need to be optimal to form a quick and firm connection with the surrounding environment in load bearing applications. Bone is a connective tissue composed of an organic collagenous matrix, a fine dispersion of reinforcing inorganic (calcium phosphate) nanocrystals, and bone-forming and -degrading cells. These different components have a synergistic and hierarchical structure that renders bone tissue properties unique in terms of hardness, flexibility and regenerative capacity. Metallic and polymeric materials offer mechanical strength and/or resilience that are required to simulate bone tissue in load-bearing applications in terms of maximum load, bending and fatigue strength. Nevertheless, the interaction between devices and the surrounding tissue at the implant interface is essential for success or failure of implants. In that respect, coatings can be applied to facilitate the process of bone healing and obtain a continuous transition from living tissue to the synthetic implant. Compounds that are inspired by inorganic (e.g., hydroxyapatite crystals) or organic (e.g., collagen, extracellular matrix components, enzymes) components of bone tissue, are the most obvious candidates for application as implant coating to improve the performance of bone implants. This review provides an overview of recent trends and strategies in surface engineering that are currently investigated to improve the biological performance of bone implants in terms of functionality and biological efficacy.
Plug-and-Play Voltage/Current Stabilization DC Microgrid Clusters with Grid-Forming/Feeding Converters (2018)

In this paper, we propose a new decentralized control scheme for Microgrid (MG) clusters, given by the interconnection of atomic dc MGs, each composed by grid-forming and grid-feeding converters. In particular, we develop a new Plug-and-Play (PnP) voltage/current controller for each MG in order to achieve simultaneous voltage support and current feeding function with local references. The coefficients of each stabilizing controller are characterized by explicit inequalities, which are related only to local electrical parameters of the MG. With the proposed controller, each MG can plug-in/out of the clusters seamlessly irrespectively of the power line parameters and models of other MGs. A profound proof of closed-loop stability of MG clusters is provided. Moreover, theoretical results are validated by hardware-in-loop (HiL.) tests.
Regulation of insecticidal crystal protein production in Bacillus thuringiensis (1995)

The production of insecticidal crystal proteins (ICPs) in Bacillus thuringiensis normally coincides with sporulation, resulting in the appearance of parasporal crystalline inclusions within the mother cell. In most instances, the temporal and spatial regulation of ICP gene expression is determined at the transcriptional level by mother-cell-specific sigma factors that share homology with sigma E and sigma K from Bacillus subtilis. The cryIII ICP genes are a notable exception; these genes are transcribed from sigma A-like promoters during vegetative growth, are induced or derepressed at the onset of stationary phase, and are overexpressed in sporulation mutants of B. thuringiensis blocked in the phosphorylation of Spo0A, a key regulator of sporulation initiation. Transcription alone, however, cannot account for the impressive ability of this bacterium to accumulate insecticidal proteins. A variety of post-transcriptional and post-translational mechanisms also contribute to the efficient production of ICPs in B. thuringiensis, thus making this bacterium a cost-effective biological control agent.
Dynamic light scattering : the method and some applications (1993)

List of contributors 1. Dynamic scattering from multicomponent polymer mixtures in solution and in bulk 2. Single photon correlation techniques 3. Noise on photon correlation functions and its effects on data reduction algorithms 4. Data analysis in dynamic light scattering 5. Dynamic light scattering and linear viscoelasticity of polymers in solution and in the bulk 6. Dynamic properties of polymer solutions 7. Application of dynamic light scattering to polyelectrolytes in solution 8. Simultaneous static and dynamic light scattering: application to polymer structure analysis 9. Dynamic light scattering from dense polymer systems 10. Dynamic light scattering from polymers in solution and in bulk 11. Dynamic light scattering from polymer gels 12. Dynamic light scattering from rigid and nearly rigid rods 13. Light scattering in micellar systems 14. Critical dynamics of binary liquid mixtures and simple fluids studied using dynamic light scattering 15. Application of dynamic light scattering to biological systems 16. Diffusing-wave spectroscopy Index
TRANSIENT CONTROL OF THE SEPARATING FLOW OVER AN AIRFOIL (2009)

The effects of pulsed actuation on stalled NACA 4415 airfoil is investigated in wind tunnel experiments. The actuation results in transitory flow attachment that is manifested by rapid changes in the global circulation and aerodynamic forces. Actuation is applied by a momentary [Ο(1 msec)] jet produced by a combustion-based actuator such that the characteristic duration of the impulse is an order of magnitude shorter than the characteristic convective time over the airfoil. The present work has shown that large-scale changes in vorticity accumulation and flux can be effected by successive repetitions of a single actuation pulse and are accompanied by significant shedding of CCW vorticity concentrations on the pressure side coincidently with the trapping of CW vorticity concentrations, hence extending the streamwise domain of the attached vorticity layer towards the trailing edge.
The importance of stock herding and dairying in the Neolithic Balkans and the subsistence diversity (2020)

The application of biomolecular techniques to archaeological materials from the Balkans is providing valuable new information on the prehistory of the region. This is especially relevant for the study of the neolithisation process in SE Europe, which gradually affected the rest of the continent. Here, to answer questions regarding diet and subsistence practices in early farming societies, we combine organic residue analyses of archaeological pottery, taxonomic and isotopic study of domestic animal remains and biomolecular analyses of human dental calculus. The results from the analyses of the lipid residues from pottery suggest that milk was processed in ceramic vessels. Dairy products were shown to be part of the subsistence strategies of the earliest Neolithic communities in the region but were of varying importance in different areas of the Balkan. On the other hand, we did not confidently detect any milk proteins within the dental calculus. The molecular and isotopic identification of meat, dairy, plants and beeswax in the pottery lipids also provided insights into the diversity of diet in these early Neolithic communities. We also present the first compound-specific radiocarbon dates for the region, obtained directly on absorbed organic residues extracted from pottery, identified as dairy lipids.
Selective intracellular beryllium localization in rat tissue by mass‐resolved ion microprobe imaging (1988)

Beryllium absorption sites in the kidney and liver of rats have been located and imaged at approximately 70 nm lateral resolution with a scanning ion microprobe utilizing secondary ion mass spectrometry. Embedded sections and lyophilized cryosections of these organs were prepared after in vivo administration of beryllium in soluble form. Beryllium distribution images were correlated with the histological microstructure revealed by CN- images. In the kidney, beryllium concentrates selectively within the nuclei of proximal tubule cells and occasionally within modified podocytes or mesangial cells in the glomerulus. In the liver, beryllium is seen to localize within severely altered lysosomal structures as well as within hepatocyte nuclei. These observations are relevant to understanding aspects of the toxic and carcinogenic properties of absorbed beryllium compounds.
Characterization of origami shape memory metamaterials (SMMM) made of bio-polymer blends (2016)

Shape memory materials (SMMs) are materials that can return to their virgin state and release mechanically induced strains by external stimuli. Shape memory polymers (SMPs) are a class of SMMs that show a high shape recoverability and which have attractive potential for structural applications. In this paper, we experimentally study the shape memory effect of origami based metamaterials. The main focus is on the Muira origami metamaterials. The fabrication technique used to produce origami structure is direct molding where all the geometrical features are molded from thermally virgin polymers without post folding of flat sheets. The study shows experimental investigations of shape memory metamaterials (SMMMs) made of SMPs that can be used in different applications such as medicine, robotics, and lightweight structures. The origami structure made from SMP blends, activated with uniform heating. The effect of blend composition on the shape memory behavior was studied. Also the influence of the thermomechanical and the viscoelastic properties of origami unit cell on the activation process have been discussed, and stress relaxation and shape recovery were investigated. Activation process of the unit cell has been demonstrated.
Functional activity of Pat‐1 (Slc26a6) Cl−/HCO3− exchange in the lower villus epithelium of murine duodenum (2010)

The metabolic and electrogenic activity of glucose transport obscures Cl(−)(IN) /HCO₃(−) (OUT) exchange activity of Pat-1 in the lower villus. The inhibitory effects of membrane depolarization on Pat-1 Cl(−)(IN) /HCO₃(−) (OUT) exchange may require concurrent membrane association with Cftr.
Analog-to-Digital Converters with embedded IF mixing using variable reference voltages (2014)

This paper presents a new technique for the design of receiver architectures, based on the use of variable reference voltages in ADCs. The main goal is to improve the SNDR of a receiver chain when compared to traditional architectures like Low-IF or Subsampling, while performing down-conversion without the need of a Mixer block. The proposed technique takes advantage of the inherent capability of the ADC to perform the multiplication operation. High-level model simulations show that this technique is capable of improving the SNDR by about 5 dB (from 50 to 55 dB), while avoiding out-of-band noise aliasing, when compared to the referred techniques.
Increased Mature Interleukin-1β (IL-1β) Secretion from THP-1 Cells Induced by Nigericin Is a Result of Activation of p45 IL-1β-converting Enzyme Processing (1998)

Perregaux and Gabel (Perregaux, D., and Gabel, C. A. (1994) J. Biol. Chem. 269, 15195-15203) reported that potassium depletion of lipopolysaccharide-stimulated mouse macrophages induced by the potassium ionophore, nigericin, leads to the rapid release of mature interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta). We have now shown a similar phenomenon in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated human monocytic leukemia THP-1 cells. Rapid secretion of mature, 17-kDa IL-1beta occurred, in the presence of nigericin (4-16 microM). No effects on the release of tumor necrosis factor-alpha, IL-6, or proIL-1beta were seen. Addition of the irreversible interleukin-1beta-converting enzyme (ICE) inhibitor, Z-Val-Ala-Asp-dichlorobenzoate, or a radicicol analog, inhibited nigericin-induced mature IL-1beta release and activation of p45 ICE precursor. The radicicol analog itself did not inhibit ICE, but markedly, and very rapidly depleted intracellular levels of 31-kDa proIL-1beta. By contrast, dexamethasone, cycloheximide, and the Na+/H+ antiporter inhibitor, 5-(N-ethyl-N-isopropyl)amiloride, had no effect on nigericin-induced release of IL-1beta. We have therefore shown conclusively, for the first time, that nigericin-induced release of IL-1beta is dependent upon activation of p45 ICE processing. So far, the mechanism by which reduced intracellular potassium ion concentration triggers p45 ICE processing is not known, but further investigation in this area could lead to the discovery of novel molecular targets whereby control of IL-1beta production might be effected.
Space bounds for a game on graphs (1976)

We study a one-person game played by placing pebbles, according to certain rules, on the vertices of a directed graph. In [3] it was shown that for each graph with n vertices and maximum in-degree d , there is a pebbling strategy which requires at most c(d) n/log n pebbles. Here we show that this bound is tight to within a constant factor. We also analyze a variety of pebbling algorithms, including one which achieves the 0(n/log n) bound.
Origins of biological function in DNA and RNA hairpin loop motifs from replica exchange molecular dynamics simulation (2018)

Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA) have remarkably similar chemical structures, but despite this, they play significantly different roles in modern biology. In this article, we explore the possible conformations of DNA and RNA hairpins to better understand the fundamental differences in structure formation and stability. We use large parallel temperature replica exchange molecular dynamics ensembles to sample the full conformational landscape of these hairpin molecules so that we can identify the stable structures formed by the hairpin sequence. Our simulations show RNA adopts a narrower distribution of folded structures compared to DNA at room temperature, which forms both hairpins and many unfolded conformations. RNA is capable of forming twice as many hydrogen bonds than DNA which results in a higher melting temperature. We see that local chemical differences lead to emergent molecular properties such as increased persistence length in RNA that is weakly temperature dependant. These discoveries provide fundamental insight into how RNA forms complex folded tertiary structures which confer enzymatic-like function in ribozymes, whereas DNA retains structural motifs in order to facilitate function such as translation of sequence.
NIRSpec optics development: the final report (2011)

In 2010, Sagem-REOSC delivered to Astrium GmbH the last model of the optics for Near Infra-Red Spectrograph (NIRSpec) instrument to be installed on-board the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) and constituting a key European contribution to this challenging project. We will report the various steps of polishing, coating, integration and cryo test of this rather unusual all-SiC optics for such a high performance space spectrographic instrument.
Exponential dilution flask for determining limits of detection in atomic absorption and emission flame spectrometry (1970)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTExponential dilution flask for determining limits of detection in atomic absorption and emission flame spectrometryT. R. Booher, R. C. Elser, and James D. WinefordnerCite this: Anal. Chem. 1970, 42, 13, 1677–1679Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1970Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1970https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac60295a031https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60295a031research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views186Altmetric-Citations2LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
[A Case of Urethral Carcinoma in Situ Resected by Urethrectomy of Anterior Urethra]. (2019)

A 62-year-old man had been treated for urethral stricture developed after his right kidney was harvested for donation to his sister 34 years ago. Transurethral biopsy was performed because of positive urinary cytology and squamous cell carcinoma was detected from the site of urethral stricture. The patient with the desire to preserve the penis was referred to our department. Magneticresonanc e imaging showed no evidence of invasion to subepithelial tissue. Re-biopsy from the site of urethral stricture revealed squamous cell carcinoma in situ. Under the diagnosis of urethral carcinoma cTisN0M0, urethrectomy of anterior urethra with perineal urethrostomy was performed. Histopathological diagnosis was squamous cell carcinoma of the urethra pTis and surgical margins were negative. The patient reported complete urinary continence, normal erections and ejaculation from his urethrostomy. He showed no evidence of recurrence at 28 months after surgery.
PLAQUE FORMATION AND ISOLATION OF PURE LINES WITH POLIOMYELITIS VIRUSES (1954)

Plaques have been produced with the three types of poliomyelitis viruses on monolayer tissue cultures of monkey kidney and monkey testis. The number of plaques was proportional to the concentration of the virus. Each plaque originates, therefore, from a single virus particle, defined as the virus unit that is unseparable by dilution. The plaques are due to the specific action of the virus since they are suppressed by type-specific antiserum. Pure virus lines were established by isolating the virus population produced in single plaques. These derived virus lines had the same morphological, serological, and pathogenic properties as the parent strain. High titer virus stocks, with titers up to 7 x 10(8) plaque-forming particles per ml., were obtained.
Co-existence of Whistler Waves with Kinetic Alfven Wave Turbulence for the High-beta Solar Wind Plasma (2012)

It is shown that the dispersion relation for whistler waves is identical for a high or low beta plasma. Furthermore in the high-beta solar wind plasma whistler waves meet the Landau resonance with electrons for velocities less than the thermal speed, and consequently the electric force is small compared to the mirror force. As whistlers propagate through the inhomogeneous solar wind, the perpendicular wave number increases through refraction, increasing the Landau damping rate. However, the whistlers can survive because the background kinetic Alfven wave turbulence creates a plateau by quasilinear diffusion in the solar wind electron distribution at small velocities. It is found that for whistler energy density of only ~10^-3 that of the kinetic Alfven waves, the quasilinear diffusion rate due to whistlers is comparable to KAW. Thus very small amplitude whistler turbulence can have a significant consequence on the evolution of the solar wind electron distribution function.
The efficacy and safety of JAK inhibitors for alopecia areata: A systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective studies (2022)

<b>Background:</b> Due to the lack of comprehensive evidence based on prospective studies, the efficacy and safety of Janus Kinase (JAK) inhibitors (including tofacitinib, ruxolitinib, baricitinib, ritlecitinib and brepocitinib) for alopecia areata (AA) are yet to be proved. <b>Methods:</b> The systematic review and meta-analysis was performed pursuant to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guideline and registered on PROSPERO (CRD42022303007). <b>Results:</b> Fourteen prospective studies (5 RCTs and 9 non-RCTs), enrolling a total of 1845 patients with AA, were included for quantitative analysis. In RCTs, oral JAK inhibitors resulted in higher good response rate compared with control (RR: 6.86, 95% CI: 2.91-16.16); topical JAK inhibitors did not show any difference compared with control (RR: 1.00, 95% CI: 0.31-3.18). In non-RCTs, the pooled rate of good response to oral, topical and sublingual JAK inhibitors were 63% (95% CI: 44%-80%), 28% (95% CI: 1%-72%) and 11% (95% CI: 1%-29%), respectively. The pooled recurrence rate in patients treated with JAK inhibitors was 54% (95% CI: 39%-69%), mainly due to the withdrawal of JAK inhibitors. In RCTs, no difference was found in the risk of experiencing most kind of adverse events; in non-RCTs, the reported adverse events with high incidence rate were mostly mild and manageable. <b>Conclusion:</b> JAK inhibitors are efficacious and generally well-tolerated in treating AA with oral administration, whereas topical or sublingual administration lacks efficacy. Subgroup analyses indicate that baricitinib, ritlecitinib and brepocitinib seem to have equal efficacy for AA in RCTs; ruxolitinib (vs. tofacitinib) and AA (vs. AT/AU) are associated with better efficacy outcomes in non-RCT. Due to the high recurrence rate after withdrawal of JAK inhibitors, continuous treatment should be considered to maintain efficacy. <b>Systematic Review Registration:</b> PROSPERO: CRD 42022303007.
Capillary Transport of Miniature Soft Ribbons (2019)

Manipulation of soft miniature devices is important in the construction of soft robots, wearable devices, and biomedical devices. However, transport of soft miniature devices is still a challenging task, and few studies has been conducted on the subject. This paper reports a droplet-based micromanipulation method for transporting miniature soft ribbons. We show that soft ribbons can be successfully picked up and released to the target location using water droplets. We analyze the forces involved during the process numerically and investigate the influence of the width of the ribbon on the deformation. We verify that the deformation of a soft ribbon caused by elasto-capillary phenomena can be calculated using a well-known equation for calculating the deflection of a cantilever beam. The experimental and theoretical results show that the deformability of a soft miniature device during manipulation depends on its width.