gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Oxidation Catalysts Based on Antimony Mixed Oxides with Rutile-Type Structures (1986)

Abstract Several authors have correlated catalyst structure to catalytic behavior in selective oxidation reactions. Sleight [1] reviewed the importance of the scheelite structure for the allylic oxidation and ammonoxidation of olefins; Grasselli and co-workers [2–4] extensively examined the relationship between structure and catalytic activity of bismuth-molybdates, uranium-antirnonates, and bismuth-cerium molybdates. Bordes and Courtine [5] correlated the activity in mild oxidation of 1-butene to the properties of the structure of vanadium-phosphorus oxides. However, little attention has been given in the literature to the role of the rutile structure in allylic oxidation reactions even though the high activity and selectivity of antimony oxides stabilized in matrices with rutile structure (SnO2 and FeSbO4) in olefins oxidation and ammonoxidation have been known for several years. Furthermore, Tables 1 and 2 indicate that the kinetic and catalytic behavior of antimony-based catalysts in allylic oxidation reactions are very different from that of molybdate-based catalysts. This suggests that antimony- and molybdate-based catalysts are two distinct classes of catalysts of allylic oxidation, in agreement with a recent suggestion by Grasselli et al. [13].
3-D Thermal-ADI: a linear-time chip level transient thermal simulator (2002)

Recent study shows that the nonuniform thermal distribution not only has an impact on the substrate but also interconnects. Hence, three-dimensional (3-D) thermal analysis is crucial to analyze these effects. In this paper, the authors present and develop an efficient 3-D transient thermal simulator based on the alternating direction implicit (ADI) method for temperature estimation in a 3-D environment. Their simulator, 3D Thermal-ADI, not only has a linear runtime and memory requirement, but also is unconditionally stable. Detailed analysis of the 3-D nonhomogeneous cases and boundary conditions for on-chip VLSI applications are introduced and presented. Extensive experimental results show that our algorithm is not only orders of magnitude faster than the traditional thermal simulation algorithms but also highly accurate and memory efficient. The temperature profile of steady state can also be reached in several iterations. This software will be released via the web for public usage.
Wide-area Supply-and-demand Control Considering Tie-line between Control Areas in Case of High Penetration of Renewable Energy Sources (2020)

Introduction of renewable energy sources, such as photovoltaic (PV) and wind turbine (WT), might cause supply-and-demand imbalance over a long time. As a countermeasure for supply-and-demand imbalance, wide-area supply-and-demand control considering tie-line between control areas is considered. As the controlled area expands, the number of generators for satisfying ramp-rate and spinning-reserve also increases. Moreover, since a large number of PV and WT are installed over a wide-area, the output of each PV and WT is almost uncorrelated and smoothed by statistical properties. In this paper, a long-term analysis model for determining optimal output while calculating frequency and tie-line power deviation is used for evaluating the wide-area supply-and-demand control. The simulation results reveal that the frequency of power systems and the fuel cost of generators can be decreased by wide-area supply-and-demand control.
H201 Potential of Aquifer Thermal Energy Storage System, Daily Storage System Review (2011)

There are many seasonal Aquifer Thermal Energy Storage (ATES) system for HVAC in Europe. On the other hand, there is no such system in Japan for national regulation of groundwater pumping in urban area. Now we start to research with daily aquifer thermal energy storage using inner shielding membrane around buildings for realize low cost TES system and contribute daily electric-load leveling. In this time, we make experimental water well, do cyclic hot water injection-abstraction, trace underground water flow simulation with FEM. So we have approximately 70-80% daily energy storage efficiency.
Hypervalent iodine oxidation of .ALPHA.,.BETA.-unsaturated carbonyl compounds. (1987)

Oxidation of non-enolizable α, β-unsaturated carbonyl compounds and enolizable β-monosubstituted α, β-unsaturated carbonyl compounds with phenyl iodine (III) diacetate (PIDA) in methanolic potassium hydroxide gave α-hydroxydimethylacetal β-methoxy products, and oxidation of enolizable β, β-disubstituted α, β-unsaturated carbonyl compounds under the same conditions gaveα'-hydroxy products.
Autotrophic Vanadium(V) Bioreduction in Groundwater by Elemental Sulfur and Zerovalent Iron (2018)

Vanadium (V) is an emerging contaminant in groundwater that can adversely affect human health. Although bioremediation has been shown effective, little is known on autotrophic V(V) bioreduction in the context of oligotrophic characteristics of groundwater. In this study, we demonstrate that efficient V(V) bioreductions can be coupled with bio-oxidation of elemental sulfur (S(0)) or zerovalent iron (Fe(0)), and the V(V) removal efficiencies reached 97.5 ± 1.2% and 86.6 ± 2.5% within 120 h using S(0) and Fe(0), respectively. V(IV) is the main reduction product and precipitates naturally in near-neutral conditions. Microbial community, functional gene, and metabolites analyses reveal that synthetic metabolisms among autotrophs and heterotrophs played major roles in V(V) reduction using S(0) and Fe(0). These results demonstrate a new approach for V(V) contaminated groundwater remediation.
In vivo and ex vivo vascular function assessments in humans: Are they related? (2023)

Both in vivo and ex vivo vascular function assessments are commonly used approaches to better understand and examine vascular health. However, the degree to which such in vivo and ex vivo assessments relate to and, therefore, complement one another, especially in humans, is not well documented. Thus, the aim of the present study was to test the hypothesis that in vivo and ex vivo assessments of endothelial-dependent vasodilation would be strongly related to each other. Both in vivo (passive leg movement (PLM), brachial artery flow-mediated dilation (FMD), and reactive hyperemia to cuff-occlusion (RH)) and ex vivo (flow- and Acetylcholine (ACh)-induced vasodilation of branched sections of the deep inferior epigastric artery) were performed on a group of women (age: 49 ± 7 years; BMI: 28.7 ± 4.8 kg/m 2 ) who underwent a deep inferior epigastric perforator (DIEP) procedure. There were positive, linear correlations between ACh-induced dilation and PLM-induced peak blood flow (r=0.81, p=0.188), PLM-induced total blood flow (r=0.82, p=0.176), FMD %dilation (r=0.99, p&lt;0.01), FMD %dilation/shear (r=0.99, p=&lt;0.01) and RH (r=0.21, p=0.797). Interestingly, there were no such relationships with ex vivo flow-induced vasodilation. Therefore, although this study provides evidence of strong relationships between vascular function assessed ex vivo and in vivo in humans, the current findings suggest that these relationships may be highly dependent upon the ex vivo methodology employed. This work was supported in part by Clinical Science Research and Development Career Development Award (IK2CX002114). This is the full abstract presented at the American Physiology Summit 2023 meeting and is only available in HTML format. There are no additional versions or additional content available for this abstract. Physiology was not involved in the peer review process.
Evolving support vector machine using modified fruit fly optimization algorithm and genetic algorithm for binary classification problem (2016)

Binary classification problem is one of the mainstream research in pattern recognition field. This study proposed a modified fruit-fly optimization algorithm (FOA), which can find an eligible begin location of the FOA as starting location before running the FOA's procedure, and in the FOA's processing, the SVM parameters is modified by dynamically updating the location of each fruit-fly and the optimal feature subset is changed by evolutionary process of genetic algorithm (GA) at the same time. In the proposed method, a weighted objective function is designed to evaluate population and to take account the trade-off between sensitivity and specificity. The best individual is used to guide for evolutionary process of FOA and GA. To evaluate the classification performance of the proposed approach, this study designs several groups of comparative experiments using the proposed approach with the well-known methods, and the four binary classification datasets from the UCI Machine Learning data repository are used for the experiments. The empirical results show that the proposed approach achieves better results in terms of classification performance and a low computational cost on solving the binary classification problems.
Paper-based laser-pyrolyzed electrofluidics: an electrochemical platform for capillary-driven diagnostic bioassays (2023)

Microfluidic paper-based analytical devices (uPADs) are indispensable tools for disease diagnostics. The integration of electronic components into uPADs enables new device functionalities and facilitates the development of complex quantitative assays. Unfortunately, current electrode fabrication methods often hinder capillary flow, considerably restricting uPAD design architectures. Here, we present laser-induced graphenization as an approach to fabricate porous electrodes embedded into cellulose paper. The resulting electrodes not only have high conductivity and electrochemical activity, but also retain wetting properties for capillary transport. We demonstrate paper-based electrofluidics, including (i) a lateral flow device for injection analysis of alkaline phosphatase in serum and (ii) a vertical flow device for quantitative detection of HPV16 with a CRISPR-based assay. We expect that this platform will streamline the development of diagnostic devices that combine the operational simplicity of colorimetric lateral flow tests with the added benefits and possibilities offered by electronic signaling.
Stabilization of xylanase by random mutagenesis (1993)

Four heat-resistant mutants of xylanase (N56, N102, N104 and F1) were obtained by random mutagenesis. The mutant genes had the following amino acid changes: N56, Ser-26 to Trp, Gly-38 to Asp and Thr-126 to Ser; N102, Gly-38 to Asp; N104, Gly-38 to Ser and Arg-48 to Lys; F1, Ser-12 to Cys. Kinetic studies showed that N104 is stabilized by an increase in the activation enthalpy, while the other mutants are stabilized by a decrease in the activation entropy.
Microfocus x-ray fluorescence mapping of tumour penetration by an organo‑osmium anticancer complex (2018)

Microfocus synchrotron x-ray fluorescence (SXRF) imaging focussed on detection of the Os L<sub>III</sub> edge shows that the organo‑osmium metallodrug candidate [(ŋ<sup>6</sup>-p-cym)Os(Azpy-NMe<sub>2</sub>)I]<sup>+</sup> (p-cym = p-cymene, Azpy-NMe<sub>2</sub> = 2-(p-([dimethylamino]phenylazo)pyridine)) [1] penetrates efficiently into the interior of A2780 human ovarian cancer cell spheroids, a model for a solid tumour. The accompanying changes in Zn and Ca distribution suggest that the complex causes nuclear damage and initiates signalling events for cell death, consistent with findings for cultured cancer cell monolayers. Such tumour penetration is likely to be important for combatting resistance to chemotherapy, which is becoming a problem for current clinical platinum drugs.
Elastic modulus variation due to moisture absorption and permanent changes upon redrying in an epoxy based underfill (2006)

In this study, the influence of moisture on the elastic modulus of a no-flow underfill is characterized over a wide range of accelerated testing environments, and the permanent changes are evaluated upon fully redrying. Moisture saturation is reached in all environments prior to testing, thus the inherent wet modulus of the underfill is identified for each respective level of moisture preconditioning. The change in the elastic modulus as a function of moisture concentration is measured, as well as the reversible and irreversible effects from moisture uptake in the underfill upon redrying. Thermal aging from the temperature component of the accelerated testing environment is found to have no effect on the elastic modulus, while the moisture uptake is found to notably decrease the modulus at higher humidity levels. Recovery experiments demonstrate that most of the loss in the elastic modulus from moisture exposure is recoverable, although more irreversible damage did occur at higher humidity levels. Hydrolysis contributed to the irreversible loss in the modulus, while the reversible component is attributed to plasticization of the underfill from moisture uptake.
Evaluation of Microbial Reduction of Fe(III)EDTA in a Chemical Absorption-Biological Reduction Integrated NOx Removal System (2006)

A chemical absorption-biological reduction integrated process can be used to remove nitrogen oxides (NOx) from flue gas. In such a process, nitric oxide (NO) can be effectively absorbed by the ferrous chelate of ethylenediaminetetraacetate (Fe(II)EDTA) to form Fe(II)EDTA-NO, which can be biologically regenerated by denitrifying bacteria. However, in the course of these processes, part of the Fe(II)EDTA is also oxidized to Fe(III)EDTA. The reduction of Fe(III)EDTA to Fe(II)EDTA depends on the activity of iron-reducing bacteria in the system. Therefore, the effectiveness of the system relies on how to effectively bioreduce Fe(III)EDTA and Fe(II)EDTA-NO in the system. In this paper, a strain identified as Escherichia coli FR-2 (iron-reducing bacterium) was used to investigate the reduction rate of Fe(III)EDTA. The experimental results indicate that Fe(III)EDTA-NO and Fe(II)EDTA in the system can inhibit both the FR-2 cell growth and thus affect the Fe(III)EDTA reduction. The FR-2 cell growth rate and Fe(III)EDTA reduction rate decreased with increasing Fe(II)EDTA-NO and Fe(II)EDTA concentration in the solution. When the concentration of Fe(II)EDTA-NO reached 3.7 mM, the FR-2 cell growth almost stopped. A mathematical model was developed to explain the cell growth and inhibition kinetics. The predicted results are close to the experimental data and provide a preliminary evaluation of the kinetics of the biologically mediated reactions necessary to regenerate the spent scrubber solution.
Chase and Track: Toward Safe and Smooth Trajectory Planning for Robotic Navigation in Dynamic Environments (2022)

In this article presents a trajectory planning approach toward safe and smooth robot motion in dynamic environments. We develop a hierarchical planning framework with a global planner generating the shortest path between the robot and the navigation target. Specially, a virtual target (VT) is set to run on the global path with a designed velocity. At the local level, the robot chases the VT and tracks the global path when traveling through the dynamic environment. We employ the model predictive control (MPC) framework for the local path generation. In particular, the prediction horizon of the MPC is adaptively changed concerning the distance between the robot and the VT. It implicitly reflects the crowdedness of the environment, which helps reduce the environmental uncertainty. Besides, we develop an event-triggered mechanism that executes the local plan aperiodically to release the computational burden. Based on the local chasing and tracking performance, we develop a global path replanning scheme in response to the untraversable area emerging in the dense environment. The developed framework is validated through extensive experiments in dynamic environments, demonstrating that the robot can reach the target faster and showcase a safer and smoother trajectory in the navigation.
Identification of Asp197 as the catalytic nucleophile in the family 38 α‐mannosidase from bovine kidney lysosomes (2000)

Bovine kidney lysosomal alpha-mannosidase is a family 38 alpha-mannosidase involved in the degradation of glycoproteins. The mechanism-based reagent, 5-fluoro-beta-L-gulosyl fluoride, was used to trap a glycosyl-enzyme intermediate, thereby labelling the catalytic nucleophile of this enzyme. After proteolytic digestion and high performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (MS) analysis, a labelled peptide was localised, and the sequence: HIDPFGHSRE determined by fragmentation tandem MS analysis. Taking into consideration sequence alignments of this region with those of other alpha-mannosidases of the same family, this result strongly suggests that the catalytic nucleophile in this enzyme is Asp197.
Electrical characterization of field-enhanced poly-Si nanowire SONOS memory (2010)

A novel omega-shaped-gated (Ω-Gate) poly-Si thin-film transistor (TFT) silicon-oxide-nitride-oxide-silicon (SONOS) nonvolatile memory devices fabricated by utilizing a simple process sequence are proposed for the first time. The Ω-Gate structure inherently covered two sharp corners constructed simply by a sidewall spacer formation. Due to the sharp corner geometry, the local electric fields across the tunneling oxide can be enhanced effectively, thus improving the memory performance. Based on this field enhanced scheme, the experimental results of Ω-Gate TFT SONOS reveals excellent program/erase (P/E) efficiency and larger memory window as compared to the conventional planar (CP) counterpart. Therefore, such an Ω-Gate TFT SONOS memory using simple and low-cost processes is very promising for the embedded flash on the system-on-panel applications.
Dynamics and control of a biomimetic single-wing nano air vehicle (2010)

This paper describes the Samarai - a rotating mono-wing nano air vehicle (NAV) designed at Lockheed Martin Advanced Technology Laboratories. Challenges uniquely associated with developing this type of vehicle are identified and a dynamic modeling and control synthesis procedure is described for tackling them. It is shown that, by modeling the rotating wing as a lower-complexity spinning disk, and using the disk states for feedback control, a very simple control design results. This approach is validated in simulation of flight maneuvers that include vertical, hovering and translational motion segments.
Proving and explaining the unfeasibility of message sequence charts for hybrid systems (2011)

Networks of Hybrid Automata are a clean modelling framework for complex systems with discrete and continuous dynamics. Message Sequence Charts (MSCs) are a consolidated language to describe desired behaviors of a network of interacting components. Techniques to analyze the feasibility of an MSC over a given HA network are based on specialized bounded model checking techniques, and focus on efficiently constructing traces of the network that witness the MSC behavior. Unfortunately, these techniques are unable to deal with the “unfeasibility” of the MSC, i.e. that no trace of the network satisfies the MSC. In this paper, we tackle the problem of MSC unfeasibility: first, we propose specialized techniques to prove that an MSC can not be satisfied by any trace of a given HA network; second, we show how to explain why an MSC is unfeasible. The approach is cast in an SMT-based verification framework, using a local time semantics, where the timescales of the automata in the network are synchronized upon shared events. In order to prove unfeasibility, we generalize k-induction to deal with the structure of the MSC, so that the simple path condition is localized to each fragment of the MSC. The explanations are provided as formulas in the variables representing the time points of the events of the MSCs, and are generated using unsatisfiable core extraction and interpolation. An experimental evaluation demonstrates the effectiveness of the approach in proving unfeasibility, and the adequacy of the automatically generated explanations.
Spatio-temporal Address Mutation for Proactive Cyber Agility against Sophisticated Attackers (2014)

The static one-to-one binding of hosts to IP addresses allows adversaries to conduct thorough reconnaissance in order to discover and enumerate network assets. Specifically, this fixed address mapping allows distributed network scanners to aggregate information gathered at multiple locations over different times in order to construct an accurate and persistent view of the network. The unvarying nature of this view enables adversaries to collaboratively share and reuse their collected reconnaissance information in various stages of attack planning and execution. This paper presents a novel moving target defense (MTD) technique which enables host-to-IP binding of each destination host to vary randomly across the network based on the source identity (spatial randomization) as well as time (temporal randomization). This spatio-temporal randomization will distort attackers' view of the network by causing the collected reconnaissance information to expire as adversaries transition from one host to another or if they stay long enough in one location. Consequently, adversaries are forced to re-scan the network frequently at each location or over different time intervals. These recurring probings significantly raises the bar for the adversaries by slowing down the attack progress, while improving its detectability. We introduce three novel metrics for quantifying the effectiveness of MTD defense techniques: deterrence, deception, and detectability. Using these metrics, we perform rigorous theoretical and experimental analysis to evaluate the efficacy of this approach. These analyses show that our approach is effective in countering a significant number of sophisticated threat models including collaborative reconnaissance, worm propagation, and advanced persistent threat (APT), in an evasion-free manner.
Genome‐wide regulon and crystal structure of BlaI (Rv1846c) from Mycobacterium tuberculosis (2008)

Comparative genomics with Staphylococcus aureus suggested the existence of a regulatory system governing beta-lactamase (BlaC) production in Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The crystal structure of Rv1846c, a winged helix regulator of previously unknown function, was solved thus revealing strong similarity to the BlaI and MecI repressors of S. aureus, which both respond to beta-lactam treatment. Using chromatin immunoprecipitation and hybridization to microarrays (ChIP-on-chip), the Rv1846c regulon was shown to comprise five separate genomic loci. Two of these mediate responses and resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics (rv1845c, rv1846c-rv1847; blaC-sigC); two encode membrane proteins of unknown function (rv1456c, rv3921c) while the last codes for ATP synthase (rv1303-atpBEFHAGDC-rv1312). The ChIP-on-chip findings were confirmed independently using electrophoretic mobility shift assays, DNAse footprinting and transcript analysis leading to Rv1846c being renamed BlaI. When cells were treated with beta-lactams, BlaI was released from its operator sites causing derepression of the regulon and upregulation of ATP synthase transcription. The existence of a potential regulatory loop between cell wall integrity and ATP production was previously unknown.
A derivation for the discrete cosine transform (1982)

The purpose of this letter is to derive the discrete cosine transform (DCT) as a limiting case of the Karhunen-Loève transform (KLT) of a first-order Markov process, as the correlation coefficient approaches 1.