gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Effects of Human Resource Development on Operational and Financial Performance of Manufacturing Companies: A Large-Scale, Longitudinal Analysis (2011)

Building on strategic human resource management (SHRM) literature, we investigate the effect of human resource development (HRD) on the operational and financial performance of manufacturing organizations. We identify four different approaches to HRD that reflect management-driven or employee-focused HRD efforts with either quantitative or qualitative focus. We further propose that HRD practices predict organizational performance by shaping the competence and commitment of employees that reflect the prevailing, untested assumption in the SHRM literature. Multi-source data collected from 207 manufacturing companies at three time points over a five-year period largely support our theoretical propositions. Financial investment and managerial support for HRD show positive effects on employee commitment but not on competence. Perceived benefits of HRD enhance both employee competence and commitment, whereas the amount of participation in HRD is not a meaningful predictor of those employee outcomes. A series of structural equation models confirms that HRD practices improve employee competence and commitment that have direct effects on operational performance of the organization, which ultimately shapes its financial performance. The present study elaborates distinct values of different HRD practices, and highlights the significance of employee outcomes as the mediating mechanism between HRD and organizational performance.
Distinct granzyme expression in human CD3- CD56+ large granular- and CD3- CD56+ small high density-lymphocytes displaying non-MHC-restricted cytolytic activity (1995)

Cultured natural killer (NK) cells derived from CD3- CD56+ high-density small lymphocytes (HDLs) exhibit similar morphology and high levels of non-major histocompatibility complex-restricted (NK) cytotoxicity equivalent to those of cultured NK cells from CD3- CD56+ low-density large granular lymphocytes (LGLs). To examine the similarities and differences between NK cells from HDLs and NK cells from LGLs, we investigated the expression of three distinct members of the granule serine protease (granzyme) family within cultured CD3- CD56+ LGLs and HDLs. CD3- subpopulations of nonadherent peripheral blood mononuclear cells, LGLs (density < 1.063 g/ml), and HDLs (density > 1.063 g/ml) were stimulated to proliferate in culture. The cultured cells from each population were entirely CD3- CD56+ and were indistinguishable in terms of their increased granularity and size once activated. All cultured CD3- CD56+ LGLs and HDLs displayed cytolytic activity against K562 and immunoglobulin-coated P815. Western analysis detected perforin in both cultured LGL and HDL populations. Cultured HDLs and LGLs both expressed BLT-esterase activity and human granzyme A mRNA. Granzyme B mRNA and protein and Asp-ase activity were detected in unstimulated and cultured LGLs and cultured HDLs. By contrast, unstimulated HDLs did not express significant levels of granzyme B. High levels of Hu-Met-1 granzyme mRNA and Met-ase activity were detected only in cultured LGLs. Thus, despite the development of large granular morphology during proliferation, interleukin-2 cultured CD3- CD56+ HDLs display a different pattern of granzyme expression from CD3- CD56+ LGLs. These data also further suggest an unusually restricted expression of the Hu-Met-1 granzyme in LGLs.
Rapid Degradation of Poly(lactic acid) with Organometallic Catalysts (2019)

Poly(lactic acid) (PLA) is an effective sacrificial material for the creation of vascular networks in thermoset polymers and composites. The high thermal stability of PLA limits its applications as an embedded sacrificial template in high-temperature-resistant thermoset matrices. Here, we demonstrate faster and more efficient PLA degradation at temperatures lower than previously reported using two organometallic catalysts: tin(II) oxalate (Sn(Oxa)) and tin(II) acetate (Sn(Ac)<sub>2</sub>). We process Sn(Oxa) by two separate methods to obtain a significant difference in the specific surface area (SSA) of the catalyst particles and compare PLA degradation performance in a thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) instrument. Changing the SSA of Sn(Oxa) by a factor of ∼20 reduces the PLA degradation onset temperature by 37 °C. The total degradation time of PLA films also decreases after blending with Sn(Oxa) having a higher SSA. We also find Sn(Ac)<sub>2</sub> lowers the degradation onset of PLA by 53 °C compared to Sn(Oxa) with a similar SSA. In addition, Sn(Ac)<sub>2</sub> decreases the time for complete degradation of PLA films by an order of magnitude compared to Sn(Oxa) at 200 °C. Films with a significantly lower Sn(Ac)<sub>2</sub> concentration compared to Sn(Oxa) degrade much faster at lower temperatures up to 160 °C. Finally, PLA films with different loadings of Sn(Ac)<sub>2</sub> are embedded in an epoxy thermoset matrix and subsequently vascularized at elevated temperatures in a vacuum oven. Microchannel formation is observed at 170 °C using Sn(Ac)<sub>2</sub>, reducing the temperature required for vaporization of embedded sacrificial polymer compared to Sn(Oxa) catalyst. Sn(Ac)<sub>2</sub> can potentially reduce the energy, time, and amount of catalyst required for degrading PLA into volatile products for sacrificial applications.
Historical perspectives of multisensor tracking (2007)

Summary form only given. The topic of multisensor tracking has been of interest to researchers for more than 30 years. However, the development and successful fielding of multisensor tracking systems have lagged significantly behind the research activities. In this presentation, a historical perspective of the key algorithmic developments associated with multisensor tracking will be given and their significance will be discussed. The technological advancements that have enabled the recent realizations of multisensor tracking will be discussed along with technological shortfalls that are limiting the realization of better multisensor tracking systems. Some thoughts on the future direction for multisensor tracking will be summarized.
Use of bovine osteogenic protein to promote rapid osseointegration of endosseous dental implants. (1992)

An enriched bovine osteogenic protein preparation in combination with bone collagen matrix (osteogenic protein device) was used to effect new bone growth in extraction sites in the presence or absence of titanium dental implants. Incisor and canine teeth were extracted from each of three cynomolgus monkeys, and implants were inserted directly into the sockets without surgical site preparation. The osteogenic protein device induced new bone formation in close apposition to the titanium implants in all trials within 3 weeks. A lesser amount of new bone formation in both sets of control sites was limited to the bony socket walls and not closely apposed to the implant. These data show that the osteogenic protein device is capable of inducing new bone formation in tooth sockets within 3 weeks in the presence or absence of titanium implants. This is the first known demonstration of the therapeutic induction of bone formation in close apposition to metallic implants.
Investigation of the Operational Envelope of the CHAFF-4 Plume and Contamination Facility (1999)

Interest in realistic simulation of the space environment as applied to the study of spacecraft contamination and thruster plumes has led to the development of the CHAFF-4 facility. CHAFF-4 uses a multi-fin cryogenically cooled array (^20K) that completely envelops the interior of the chamber providing an available condensing surface area of 590 m(2) The geometry of the array capitalizes on the fact that both neutral and ion species from spacecraft propulsion systems predominantly undergo diffuse reflections when impacting at angles normal to the surfaces they encounter. Preliminary figures of merit for the equivalent altitude possible for various propulsion systems vary between 150-350 km (depending on thruster type). The effective pumping speed is predicted to be between 3x107 and lx 108 liters/sec. The facility is expected to accommodate thruster power levels up to 3500 w without the use of supplementary liquid helium, although infrastructure permitting its use is available. Developmental considerations and design issues are discussed in view of basic principles of plume testing and contamination, in order to ensure the integrity of phenomena that are observed in the facility. Provisions for the simulation of high-speed LEO flow environments have been incorporated in the design, and the corresponding pumping requirements are well within the capabilities of CHAFF-4.
How to Increase Energy Efficiency in Cognitive Radio Networks (2016)

In this paper, we investigate the achievable energy efficiency of cognitive radio networks where two main modes are of interest, namely, spectrum sharing (known as underlay paradigm) and spectrum sensing (or interweave paradigm). In order to improve the energy efficiency, we formulate a new multiobjective optimization problem that jointly maximizes the ergodic capacity and minimizes the average transmission power of the secondary user network while limiting the average interference power imposed on the primary user receiver. The multiobjective optimization will be solved by first transferring it into a single objective problem (SOP), namely, a power minimization problem, by using the ε-constraint method. The formulated SOP will be solved using two different methods. Specifically, the minimum power allocation at the secondary transmitter in a spectrum sharing fading environment are obtained using the iterative search-based solution and augmented Lagrangian approach for single and multiple secondary links, respectively. The significance of having extra side information and also imperfect side information of cross channels at the secondary transmitter are investigated. The minimum power allocations under perfect and imperfect sensing schemes in interweave cognitive radio networks are also found. Our numerical results provide guidelines for the design of future cognitive radio networks.
Radioiodinated DPA-713 Imaging Correlates with Bactericidal Activity of Tuberculosis Treatments in Mice (2014)

Current tools for monitoring response to tuberculosis treatments have several limitations. Noninvasive biomarkers could accelerate tuberculosis drug development and clinical studies, but to date little progress has been made in developing new imaging technologies for this application. In this study, we developed pulmonary single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) using radioiodinated DPA-713 to serially monitor the activity of tuberculosis treatments in live mice, which develop necrotic granulomas and cavitary lesions. C3HeB/FeJ mice were aerosol infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis and administered either a standard or a highly active bedaquiline-containing drug regimen. Serial (125)I-DPA-713 SPECT imaging was compared with (18)F-fluorodeoxyglucose ((18)F-FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) and standard microbiology. Ex vivo studies were performed to characterize and correlate DPA-713 imaging with cellular and cytokine responses. Pulmonary (125)I-DPA-713 SPECT, but not (18)F-FDG PET, was able to correctly identify the bactericidal activities of the two tuberculosis treatments as early as 4 weeks after the start of treatment (P < 0.03). DPA-713 readily penetrated the fibrotic rims of necrotic and cavitary lesions. A time-dependent decrease in both tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and interferon gamma (IFN-γ) levels was observed with treatments, with (125)I-DPA-713 SPECT correlating best with tissue TNF-α levels (ρ = 0.94; P < 0.01). (124)I-DPA-713 was also evaluated as a PET probe and demonstrated a 4.0-fold-higher signal intensity in the infected tuberculous lesions than uninfected controls (P = 0.03). These studies provide proof of concept for application of a novel noninvasive imaging biomarker to monitor tuberculosis treatments, with the potential for application for humans.
<title>Prospects for ultrafast optical control of coherent charge oscillations in semiconductors</title> (1995)

Considerable interest has arisen recently in the prospect of using specially crafted ultrashort laser pulses for coherent control of atomic and molecular systems. The aim in these studies is to utilize control over femtosecond optical waveforms as a tool to manipulate constructive and destructive interferences associated with quantum mechanical wave packets motions, which could ultimately lead to optical manipulation of chemical reactions and in the shorter term should make possible preparation of well-defined quantum mechancial states for precise spectroscopic determination of molecular Hamiltonians. At Purdue we have initiated a project aimed at applying these coherent control concepts in a new setting--namely, in specially designed layered semiconductor materials. A key motivation for using layered semiconductors as a coherent control laboratory is the ability to engineer the Hamiltonian through the epitaxial growth process, so that one may have better knowledge of and control over the Hamiltonian than one has in studies of complex molecules. Here we review the femtosecond pulse shaping technology crucial for our coherent control studies and discuss our plans and progress in applying pulse shaping to manipulate coherent charge oscillations in double coupled quantum wells and superlattices in the GaAs/GaAlAs material system.
Research and dissemination needs for ergonomics in agriculture (2002)

In 1998, the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health convened a conference of researchers interested in the ergonomics of agricultural workers.Participants included 20 representatives from universities, state governments, private agricultural and insurance companies, migrant worker organizations, agricultural industry organizations,
Validity and Reliability issues in Objective Monitoring of Physical Activity (2000)

Major technical advances have occurred within the last 10 years in the field of physical activity monitoring. The biggest one is real-time data acquisition, and the development of computer microchips that allow vast amounts of information to be stored and later recalled. It is evident that no single motion sensor will provide an accurate estimate of energy expenditure across all activities. Future directions for research include the use of combined instruments such as an accelerometer plus questionnaire, multiple motion sensors, or dual HR-motion sensor technology.
Global Human Resource Management: Bridging Strategic and Institutional Perspectives (2012)

The purpose of this paper is to bridge the boundaries separating strategic and comparative institutional perspectives on human resource systems and employment relations. Each research tradition has investigated the role and outcomes of corporations as they operate in an increasingly global economy. Researchers in these traditions, however, ask different research questions and draw on distinct social science disciplines, theoretical assumptions, and research methodologies. While they have pursued parallel but separate tracks, we argue that they have important lessons for each other. In this paper, we review the core characteristics and critiques of each research tradition, provide a series of examples of efforts to bridge their differences, and offer suggestions for future integration.
The segment polarity gene armadillo interacts with the wingless signaling pathway in both embryonic and adult pattern formation (1991)

The segment polarity genes of Drosophila were initially defined as genes required for pattern formation within each embryonic segment. Some of these genes also function to establish the pattern of the adult cuticle. We have examined the role of the armadillo (arm) gene in this latter process. We confirmed and extended earlier findings that arm and the segment polarity gene wingless are very similar in their effects on embryonic development. We next discuss the role of arm in pattern formation in the imaginal discs, as determined by using a pupal lethal allele, by analyzing clones of arm mutant tissue in imaginal discs, and by using a transposon carrying arm to produce adults with a reduced level of arm. Together, these experiments established that arm is required for the development of all imaginal discs. The requirement for arm varies along the dorsal-ventral and proximal-distal axes. Cells that require the highest levels of arm are those that express the wingless gene. Further, animals with reduced arm levels have phenotypes that resemble those of weak alleles of wingless. We present a description of the patterns of arm protein accumulation in imaginal discs. Finally, we discuss the implications of these results for the role of arm and wingless in pattern formation.
Physical models have gender‐specific effects on student understanding of protein structure–function relationships (2016)

Understanding how basic structural units influence function is identified as a foundational/core concept for undergraduate biological and biochemical literacy. It is essential for students to understand this concept at all size scales, but it is often more difficult for students to understand structure-function relationships at the molecular level, which they cannot as effectively visualize. Students need to develop accurate, 3-dimensional mental models of biomolecules to understand how biomolecular structure affects cellular functions at the molecular level, yet most traditional curricular tools such as textbooks include only 2-dimensional representations. We used a controlled, backward design approach to investigate how hand-held physical molecular model use affected students' ability to logically predict structure-function relationships. Brief (one class period) physical model use increased quiz score for females, whereas there was no significant increase in score for males using physical models. Females also self-reported higher learning gains in their understanding of context-specific protein function. Gender differences in spatial visualization may explain the gender-specific benefits of physical model use observed. © 2016 The Authors Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Education published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 44(4):326-335, 2016.
Freezing of microparticles in an electro-optofluidic platform (2014)

We show ability to simultaneously trap micron-size particles in an optical field and freeze their position by rapidly changing the direction of Poynting vector in an optofluidic waveguide using an electrically controlled Mach-Zehnder switch.
Retention-Aware Placement in DRAM (RAPID): Software Methods for Quasi-Non-Volatile DRAM (2006)

Measurements of an off-the-shelf DRAM chip confirm that different cells retain information for different amounts of time. This result extends to DRAM rows, or pages (retention time of a page is defined as the shortest retention time among its constituent cells). Currently, a single worst-case refresh period is selected based on the page with the shortest retention time. Even with refresh optimized for room temperature, the worst page limits the safe refresh period to no longer than 500 ms. Yet, 99% and 85% of pages have retention times above 3 seconds and 10 seconds, respectively. We propose retention-aware placement in DRAM (RAPID), novel software approaches that can exploit off-the-shelf DRAMs to reduce refresh power to vanishingly small levels approaching non-volatile memory. The key idea is to favor longer-retention pages over shorter-retention pages when allocating DRAM pages. This allows selecting a single refresh period that depends on the shortest-retention page among populated pages, instead of the shortest-retention page overall. We explore three versions of RAPID and observe refresh energy savings of 83%, 93%, and 95%, relative to the best temperature-compensated refresh. RAPID with off-the-shelf DRAM also approaches the energy levels of idealized techniques that require custom DRAM support.
Evidence of a Glycemic Threshold for the Formation of Pentosidine in Diabetic Dog Lens but Not in Collagen (1996)

The relationship between long-term glycemic control and the advanced Maillard reaction was investigated in dura mater collagen and lens proteins from dogs that were diabetic for 5 years. Diabetic dogs were assigned prospectively to good, moderate, and poor glycemic control and maintained by insulin. Biochemical changes were determined at study exit. Mean levels of collagen digestibility by pepsin decreased (NS) whereas collagen glycation (P < 0.001), pentosidine cross-links (P < 0.001), and collagen fluorescence (P = 0.02) increased with increasing mean HbA1 values. Similarly, mean levels of lens crystallin glycation (P < 0.001), fluorescence (P < 0.001), and the specific advanced lens Maillard product 1 (LM-1) (P < 0.001) and pentosidine (P < 0.005) increased significantly with poorer glycemic control. Statistical analysis revealed very high Spearman correlation coefficients between collagen and lens changes. Whereas pentosidine cross-links were significantly elevated in collagen from diabetic dogs with moderate levels of HbA1 (i.e., 8.0 +/- 0.4%), lens pentosidine levels were normal in this group and were elevated (P < 0.001) only in the animals with poor glycemic control (HbA1 = 9.7 +/- 0.6%). Thus, whereas protein glycation and advanced glycation in the extracellular matrix and in the lens are generally related to the level of glycemic control, there is evidence for a tissue-specific glycemic threshold for pentosidine formation, i.e., glycoxidation, in the lens. This threshold may be in part linked to a dramatic acceleration in crystallin glycation with HbA1 values of > 8.0% and/or a loss of lens membrane permeability. This study provides support at the molecular level for the growing concept that glycemic thresholds may be involved in the development of some of the complications in diabetes.
Cerebrocortical Beta Activity in Overweight Humans Responds to Insulin Detemir (2007)

Despite cerebrocortical resistance to human insulin, insulin detemir increased beta activity in overweight human subjects similarly as human insulin in lean subjects. These data suggest that the decreased cerebral beta activity response in overweight subjects can be restored by insulin detemir.