gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Identification of Sesquiterpenes in Citrus Essential Oils by Cryofocusing GC/FT-IR (1997)

Abstract Cryofocusing GC/FT-IR is a powerful tool for identification of constituents in essential oils. This technique has been used to help identify sesquiterpene hydrocarbons in citrus essential oils that are difficult to identify by GC/MS alone and especially those prone to thermal rearrangements. Bicyclogermacrene is reported for the first time in Sicilian lemon oil and Florida orange and grapefruit. (Z)-α-Bisabolene has been found as a new constituent in Sicilian lemon oil and Mexican cold pressed lime, type A. Germacrene B has been confirmed for the first time in Florida grapefruit oil.
Driver's blink detection using Doppler sensor (2017)

Blink is a physiological signal that reflects drowsiness and concentration. It is important to detect driver's blinks without any wearable devices. For this purpose, a Doppler sensor has been used and several blink detection methods where a subject sits in front of such sensor have been proposed. However, it is challenging to detect driver's blinks because of face and body movement. In this paper, we propose a Doppler sensor-based driver's blink detection method in existence of face and body movement in a car. In the proposed method, blinks are detected through two steps: pre-detection and classification. In the first step which we call pre-detection, the time candidates of subject's blinks are detected based on spectrograms calculated from a received signal. Then, in the second one which we call classification, a set of features are calculated from a spectrogram and are fed into a supervised machine learning classifier to identify which time candidates are truly blinks. We leverage the fact that the distribution of the energy on a spectrogram differs between a blink and non-blink. Specifically, features are extracted based on the distribution of energy on a spectrogram. We conducted a series of experiments for the evaluation in the situation where a subject drives a real car in public road. As a result, we confirmed our method outperforms the conventional one in terms of F-measure calculated from recall rate and precision rate.
ChemInform Abstract: Base‐Catalyzed Schmittel Cycloisomerization of o‐Phenylenediyne‐Linked Bis(arenol)s to Indeno[1,2‐c]chromenes. (2014)

Abstract The present cycloisomerization of (I) to (II) proceeds under transition metal‐free basic conditions involving a domino sequence of the prototropic rearrangement into a putative vinylidene o‐quinone methide intermediate and subsequent formal inverse‐electron‐demand hetero Diels—Alder cycloaddition.
Constant pH Accelerated Molecular Dynamics Investigation of the pH Regulation Mechanism of Dinoflagellate Luciferase (2017)

The bioluminescence reaction in dinoflagellates involves the oxidation of an open-chain tetrapyrrole by the enzyme dinoflagellate luciferase (LCF). The activity of LCF is tightly regulated by pH, where the enzyme is essentially inactive at pH ∼8 and optimally active at pH ∼6. Little is known about the mechanism of LCF or the structure of the active form of the enzyme, although it has been proposed that several intramolecularly conserved histidine residues in the N-terminal region are important for the pH regulation mechanism. Here, constant pH accelerated molecular dynamics was employed to gain insight into the conformational activation of LCF induced by acidification.
HIF-1: mediator of physiological and pathophysiological responses to hypoxia (2000)

All organisms can sense O(2) concentration and respond to hypoxia with adaptive changes in gene expression. The large body size of mammals necessitates the development of multiple complex physiological systems to ensure adequate O(2) delivery to all cells under normal conditions. The transcriptional regulator hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1) is an essential mediator of O(2) homeostasis. HIF-1 is required for the establishment of key physiological systems during development and their subsequent utilization in fetal and postnatal life. HIF-1 also appears to play a key role in the pathophysiology of cancer, cardiovascular disease, and chronic lung disease, which represent the major causes of mortality among industrialized societies. Genetic or pharmacological modulation of HIF-1 activity in vivo may represent a novel therapeutic approach to these disorders.
Investigation of Poly-(p-Phenylene) Obtained in Electrochemical Oxidation of Benzene in the BuPyCl-AlCl<sub>3</sub> Melt (1991)

Poly(p-phenylene) has been obtained by electrochemic al oxidation of benzene in a BuPyCl-AlCl3 melt. The conductivity of the fresh film is 10 100 S/cm. Even when the film is stored in a dry inert atmosphere, its conductivity is reduced. Electrochemical properties and IR and ESR spectra have been investigated. The polymer has an average chain length of 29 - 30 units.
Appetite sensations as a marker of overall intake (2005)

The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical utility of appetite sensations to characterize individual overall energy intake. A group of men (n 28) and women (n 23) was recruited to record their 'desire to eat', 'hunger', 'fullness' and 'prospective food consumption' (PFC) on visual analogue scales before a standardized meal test, immediately after and every 10 min for a period of 1 h after the meal. The 1 h post-meal area under the curve (1 h AUC) and the satiety quotient (SQ) were calculated for all appetite sensations. In a second visit, all participants were invited to eat three meals in order to measure total energy intake (TEI) and food preferences. Metabolic rate (MR) was also assessed to derive daily relative energy intake (REI) by subtracting this variable from TEI (TEI-MR=REI). The Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire scores were also calculated for all participants. One h AUC for fullness was the appetite sensation most strongly associated with TEI and REI (r-0.42, P< or =0.003 and r-0.32, P< or =0.05, respectively). SQ for fullness was the only predictor of TEI and REI (r-0.42, P< or =0.0003 and r-0.30, P< or =0.05, respectively). Restraint, disinhibition and hunger scores were not associated with appetite sensation variables. These results suggest that the fullness dimension seems to be a useful appetite sensation to predict long-term TEI and REI. Thus, assessment of appetite sensation such as fullness in response to a fixed load may be useful to evaluate individual overall energy intake.
Coupled models for polymer synthesis and rheology to determine branching architectures and predict flow properties (2019)

Advance in computational rheology allows for in silico predictions of the viscoelastic responses of arbitrarily branched polymer melts. While detailed branching structure is required for the rheology predictions, rheology itself is often the most sensitive tool to detect low levels of branching. With rheological experiments and computational modeling of a set of nominally linear and model comb ethylene-butene copolymers, we show that coupled models for the synthesis and rheology can integrate diverse measurements, incorporating inherent experimental uncertainties. This approach allows us to achieve tight bounds on the branching structures of the constituent molecules. Next, we numerically explore the effects of the numbers and molar masses of side arms in comb polymers on the viscoelastic responses in both the linear and nonlinear regimes. Such computational exploration can aid in designing specific polymers suitable for a given processing scenario.
Aberrant methylmalonylation underlies methylmalonic acidemia and is attenuated by an engineered sirtuin (2022)

Organic acidemias such as methylmalonic acidemia (MMA) are a group of inborn errors of metabolism that typically arise from defects in the catabolism of amino and fatty acids. Accretion of acyl-CoA species is postulated to underlie disease pathophysiology, but the mechanism(s) remain unknown. Here, we surveyed hepatic explants from patients with MMA and unaffected donors, in parallel with samples from various mouse models of methylmalonyl-CoA mutase deficiency. We found a widespread posttranslational modification, methylmalonylation, that inhibited enzymes in the urea cycle and glycine cleavage pathway in MMA. Biochemical studies and mouse genetics established that sirtuin 5 (SIRT5) controlled the metabolism of MMA-related posttranslational modifications. SIRT5 was engineered to resist acylation-driven inhibition via lysine to arginine mutagenesis. The modified SIRT5 was used to create an adeno-associated viral 8 (AAV8) vector and systemically delivered to mutant and control mice. Gene therapy ameliorated hyperammonemia and reduced global methylmalonylation in the MMA mice.
Catalytic asymmetric synthesis of the pentacyclic core of (−)-nakadomarin A via oxazolidine as an iminium cation equivalent (2014)

A facile and catalytic asymmetric synthesis of the pentacyclic core of (-)-nakadomarin A, containing all the stereogenic centers of the natural product was achieved. The key intermediate involves the oxazolidine moiety as an iminium cation equivalent. An efficient method for the removal of the N-hydroxyethyl group is also described.
Micro-grid control of PV-Wind-Diesel hybrid system with islanded and grid connected operations (2010)

This paper discusses modeling of a micro-grid with PV-Wind-Diesel generator hybrid system and its operations. The PV system is modeled with a DC/AC inverter with a pre-defined Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) control. Fixed speed induction generator based wind turbines are used to model the wind farm. The diesel generator controls are modeled with droop governor and automatic voltage regulator (AVR). The PV inverter controls, including MPPT and voltage droop, are modeled in the DC/AC inverter itself. The proposed MPPT control is more stable with additional input of PV cell temperature. The complete system is modeled in PSCAD/EMTDC software. Performance of this system is studied on (i) fault tripping of the main grid and (ii) islanded operation of micro-grid with intermittent power from the wind and PV plants. The simulation results confirm the smooth operations of the proposed concept for disturbances from main grid as well as due to the intermittent wind and PV renewable power plants.
Sparse reconstruction by convex relaxation: Fourier and Gaussian measurements (2006)

This paper proves best known guarantees for exact reconstruction of a sparse signal f from few non-adaptive universal linear measurements. We consider Fourier measurements (random sample of frequencies of f) and random Gaussian measurements. The method for reconstruction that has recently gained momentum in the sparse approximation theory is to relax this highly non-convex problem to a convex problem, and then solve it as a linear program. What are best guarantees for the reconstruction problem to be equivalent to its convex relaxation is an open question. Recent work shows that the number of measurements k(r,n) needed to exactly reconstruct any r-sparse signal f of length n from its linear measurements with convex relaxation is usually O(r poly log (n)). However, known guarantees involve huge constants, in spite of very good performance of the algorithms in practice. In attempt to reconcile theory with practice, we prove the first guarantees for universal measurements (i.e. which work for all sparse functions) with reasonable constants. For Gaussian measurements, k(r,n) lsim 11.7 r [1.5 + log(n/r)], which is optimal up to constants. For Fourier measurements, we prove the best known bound k(r, n) = O(r log(n) middot log <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> (r) log(r log n)), which is optimal within the log log n and log <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> r factors. Our arguments are based on the technique of geometric functional analysis and probability in Banach spaces.
Oxygen‐Saturated Strong Metal‐Support Interactions Triggered by Water on Titania Supported Catalysts (2023)

Abstract Strong metal‐support interaction (SMSI) greatly improves the performances of various supported metal nanoparticle catalysts. Classical SMSI relies on the oxide species with substoichiometric oxygen concentration, which prefers to retreat off in humid and oxidative atmospheres. A SMSI is reported with oxygen‐saturated overlayers on Au/TiO 2 catalyst achieved by steaming treatment, an opposite condition to the classical SMSI formation. Through a combination of experimental and theoretical methods, this study demonstrates that the strong interactions between the TiO x H y ( x ≥2) species and Au surface cause the support migration to encapsulate Au nanoparticles. The oxygen‐saturated oxide overlayers are stable in oxidative, reductive, and humid atmospheres, providing great vitality to stabilize metal nanoparticle catalysts under varied and complex reaction conditions to outperform the classical SMSI.
Re: A New Experimental Rat Model of Erectile Dysfunction and Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms Associated with Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia: The Testosterone-Supplemented Spontaneously Hypertensive Rat (2013)

No AccessJournal of UrologyInvestigative Urology1 Aug 2013Re: A New Experimental Rat Model of Erectile Dysfunction and Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms Associated with Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia: The Testosterone-Supplemented Spontaneously Hypertensive Rat Anthony AtalaM.D. Anthony AtalaAnthony Atala More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.juro.2013.04.082AboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail "Re: A New Experimental Rat Model of Erectile Dysfunction and Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms Associated with Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia: The Testosterone-Supplemented Spontaneously Hypertensive Rat." The Journal of Urology, 190(2), p. 807 © 2013 by American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 190Issue 2August 2013Page: 807Supplementary Materials Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2013 by American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.MetricsAuthor Information Anthony Atala More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF downloadLoading ...
Economic Evaluation of Field Bindweed (Convolvulus arvensis) Control in a Winter Wheat-Fallow Rotation (1996)

Field bindweed infests millions of hectares in the Great Plains greatly reducing productivity and value of land. The standard practice for field bindweed control is sweep tillage at 3 wk intervals combined with one or two annual 2,4-D) applications during the 14 mo fallow period in a winter wheat-fallow crop rotation. This was compared to tillage and 2,4-D in conjunction with dicamba or a mixture of picloram+2,4-D applied once during the first October of the first 14 mo fallow period. Also, three no-tillage systems were included using glyphosate+2,4-D at monthly intervals. Two of the treatments were supplemented with dicamba, or picloram+2,4-D as in the sweep tillage system. All treatments controlled field bindweed in two fallow periods and two winter wheat crops, and increased winter wheat yields to about twice the control. Sweep tillage at 3 wk intervals combined with 2,4-D resulted in $36 ha −1 profit for an owner-operator compared to $15 ha −1 loss with no herbicide or tillage treatment. On average no-tillage lost $35 ha −1 . Other treatments, although controlling field bindweed, lost from 35 to $186 ha −1 . To determine if long-term benefit after control was achieved, average yields for the area were used to calculate profits using normal farming practices. Profits were 136, 78, and $-50 ha −1 , respectively, for sweep tillage and 2,4-D, no-tillage, and the untreated check. In a standard 33:67 owner-tenant rental, profits to the owner for the control period were 90, −33, and $43 ha −1 , respectively for tillage and 2,4-D, no-tillage, and untreated check. The tenant lost from $24 to 69 ha −1 for the three systems indicating owners must modify rental agreements during a field bindweed control program.
Determination of thein vivoprebiotic potential of a maize-based whole grain breakfast cereal: a human feeding study (2010)

Epidemiological studies have shown an inverse relationship between risk of CVD and intake of whole grain (WG)-rich food. Regular consumption of breakfast cereals can provide not only an increase in dietary WG but also improvements to cardiovascular health. Various mechanisms have been proposed, including prebiotic modulation of the colonic microbiota. In the present study, the prebiotic activity of a maize-derived WG cereal (WGM) was evaluated in a double-blind, placebo-controlled human feeding study (n 32). For a period of 21 d, healthy men and women, mean age 32 (sd 8) years and BMI 23·3 (sd 0·58) kg/m2, consumed either 48 g/d WG cereal (WGM) or 48 g placebo cereal (non-whole grain (NWG)) in a crossover fashion. Faecal samples were collected at five points during the study on days 0, 21, 42, 63 and 84 (representing at baseline, after both treatments and both wash-out periods). Faecal bacteriology was assessed using fluorescence in situ hybridisation with 16S rRNA oligonucleotide probes specific for Bacteroides spp., Bifidobacterium spp., Clostridium histolyticum/perfringens subgroup, Lactobacillus-Enterococcus subgroup and total bacteria. After 21 d consumption of WGM, mean group levels of faecal bifidobacteria increased significantly compared with the control cereal (P = 0·001). After a 3-week wash-out period, bifidobacterial levels returned to pre-intervention levels. No statistically significant changes were observed in serum lipids, glucose or measures of faecal output. In conclusion, this WG maize-enriched breakfast cereal mediated a bifidogenic modulation of the gut microbiota, indicating a possible prebiotic mode of action.
Acute anoxia induces tau dephosphorylation in rat brain slices and its possible underlying mechanisms (2005)

Abnormal phosphorylation of microtubule-associated protein tau plays a critical role in Alzheimer's disease (AD), together with a distinct decrease of energy metabolism in the affected brain regions. To explore the effect of acute energy crisis on tau phosphorylation and the underlying mechanisms, we incubated rat brain slices in artificial cerebrospinal fluid (aCSF) at 37 degrees C with or without an oxygen supply, or in aCSF with low glucose concentrations. Then, the levels of total, phosphorylated and unphosphorylated tau, as well as the activities and levels of protein phosphatase (PP)-1, PP-2A, glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK-3), extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase (ERK) and C-jun amino terminal kinase (JNK), were measured. It was found, unexpectedly, that tau was significantly dephosphorylated at Ser396/Ser404 (PHF-1), Ser422 (R145), Ser199/Ser202 (Tau-1), Thr181 (AT270), Ser202/Thr205 (AT8) and Thr231 (AT180) by acute anoxia for 30 min or 120 min. The activity of PP-2A and the level of dephosphorylated PP-2A catalytic subunit at tyrosine 307 (Tyr307) were simultaneously increased. The active forms of ERK1/2 and JNK1/2 were decreased under anoxic incubation. The PP-2A inhibitor, okadaic acid (OA, 0.75 microm), completely prevented tau from acute anoxia-induced dephosphorylation and restored the active forms of ERK1/2 and JNK1/2 to the control level. The activities and protein levels of GSK-3 and PP-1 showed no change during acute anoxia. These data suggest that acute anoxia induces tau dephosphorylation, and that PP-2A may play a key role in tau dephosphorylation induced by acute anoxia.
Web services provision (2009)

Web services provision is the process of assigning particular services to the constituent tasks of business processes. It describes a promising scenario where services are dynamically chosen and invoked in a business process according to their functional and non-functional capabilities. It also introduces many challenging problems and has received much attention recently. In this paper, we distinguish three types of provision: independent provision, cooperative provision and multiple provisioning. For each type, we consider three major phases, that is, service discovery, service selection and service contracting. Following this rule, we investigate existing works in web services provision and shed some light on potential research directions.
The Role of Slip Additives in Tape Casting Technology. Part II-Binders and Plasticizers. (1992)

On examine le role des liants cellulosiques, vinyliques et acryliques, des plastifiants et des autres additifs dans la fabrication a grande echelle de supports ceramiques et de structures multicouches par coulage en bande.
<title>Dielectric elastomer artificial muscle actuators: toward biomimetic motion</title> (2002)

To achieve desirable biomimetic motion, actuators must be able to reproduce the important features of natural muscle such as power, stress, strain, speed of response, efficiency, and controllability. It is a mistake, however, to consider muscle as only an energy output device. Muscle is multifunctional. In locomotion, muscle often acts as an energy absorber, variable-stiffness suspension element, or position sensor, for example. Electroactive polymer technologies based on the electric-field-induced deformation of polymer dielectrics with compliant electrodes are particularly promising because they have demonstrated high strains and energy densities. Testing with experimental biological techniques and apparatus has confirmed that these dielectric elastomer artificial muscles can indeed reproduce several of the important characteristics of natural muscle. Several different artificial muscle actuator configurations have been tested, including flat actuators and tubular rolls. Rolls have been shown to act as structural elements and to incorporate position sensing. Biomimetic robot applications have been explored that exploit the muscle-like capabilities of the dielectric elastomer actuators, including serpentine manipulators, insect-like flapping-wing mechanisms, and insect-like walking robots.
Fano-like resonance emerging from magnetic and electric plasmon mode coupling in small arrays of gold particles (2016)

In this work we theoretically and experimentally analyze the resonant behavior of individual 3 × 3 gold particle oligomers illuminated under normal and oblique incidence. While this structure hosts both dipolar and quadrupolar electric and magnetic delocalized modes, only dipolar electric and quadrupolar magnetic modes remain at normal incidence. These modes couple into a strongly asymmetric spectral response typical of a Fano-like resonance. In the basis of the coupled mode theory, an analytical representation of the optical extinction in terms of singular functions is used to identify the hybrid modes emerging from the electric and magnetic mode coupling and to interpret the asymmetric line profiles. Especially, we demonstrate that the characteristic Fano line shape results from the spectral interference of a broad hybrid mode with a sharp one. This structure presents a special feature in which the electric field intensity is confined on different lines of the oligomer depending on the illumination wavelength relative to the Fano dip. This Fano-type resonance is experimentally observed performing extinction cross section measurements on arrays of gold nano-disks. The vanishing of the Fano dip when increasing the incidence angle is also experimentally observed in accordance with numerical simulations.