gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
CRSLab: An Open-Source Toolkit for Building Conversational Recommender System (2021)

Kun Zhou, Xiaolei Wang, Yuanhang Zhou, Chenzhan Shang, Yuan Cheng, Wayne Xin Zhao, Yaliang Li, Ji-Rong Wen. Proceedings of the 59th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 11th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing: System Demonstrations. 2021.
Lightweight and Anisotropic Porous MWCNT/WPU Composites for Ultrahigh Performance Electromagnetic Interference Shielding (2015)

Lightweight, flexible and anisotropic porous multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWCNT)/water‐borne polyurethane (WPU) composites are assembled by a facile freeze‐drying method. The composites contain extremely wide range of MWCNT mass ratios and show giant electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding effectiveness (SE) which exceeds 50 or 20 dB in the X‐band while the density is merely 126 or 20 mg cm −3 , respectively. The relevant specific SE is up to 1148 dB cm 3 g −1 , greater than those of other shielding materials ever reported. The ultrahigh EMI shielding performance is attributed to the conductivity of the cell walls caused by MWCNT content, the anisotropic porous structures, and the polarization between MWCNT and WPU matrix. In addition to the enhanced electrical properties, the composites also indicate enhanced mechanical properties compared with porous WPU and CNT architectures.
Effects of Clomipramine and Verapamil on 5-HT-lnduced Intracellular Calcium Changes in Individual C6 Rat Glioma Cells (1996)

The effects of antidepressants and calcium (Ca2+) antagonists on serotonin (5-HT)-induced Ca2+ increase were investigated in single C6BU-1 glioma cells with digital imaging microscopy. Application of 5-HT (100 nM-100 microM) caused a rapid and reversible rise of intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) in a concentration-dependent manner. In the absence of extracellular Ca2+, the sustained phase of the [Ca2+]i response was strongly reduced, which was greater than the suppression of the initial peak. This suggests that the peak value is mainly due to internal Ca2+ storage sites, and the sustained phase is mainly composed of Ca2+ influx. The sustained phase was significantly attenuated by 100 nM clomipramine and verapamil. The present findings demonstrate that clomipramine and verapamil, in their therapeutic concentrations, have a common action of inhibiting Ca2+ influx, and suggest that the calcium antagonistic effect may play an important role in clinical effects of antidepressants.
In-Memory Principal Component Analysis by Crosspoint Array of Resistive Switching Memory: A new hardware approach for energy-efficient data analysis in edge computing (2022)

In-Memory Computing (IMC) is one of the most promising candidates for data-intensive computing accelerators of machine learning (ML). A key ML algorithm for dimensionality reduction and classification is principal component analysis (PCA), which heavily relies on matrix-vector multiplications (MVM) for which classic von Neumann architectures are not optimized. Here, we provide the experimental demonstration of a new IMC-based PCA algorithm based on power iteration and deflation executed in a 4-kbit array of resistive switching random-access memory (RRAM). The classification accuracy of the Wisconsin Breast Cancer data set reaches 95.43&#x0025;, close to floating-point implementation. Our simulations indicate a 250&#x00D7; improvement in energy efficiency compared to commercial GPUs, thus supporting IMC for energy-efficient ML in modern data-intensive computing.
The Results of Open Reduction and Internal Fixation of Distal Femur Fractures Using a Biologic (Indirect) Reduction Technique (1996)

The results of 57 A-O type A or C supracondylar femur fractures treated by open reduction and internal fixation using indirect reduction techniques are reported. No bone grafting or dual plating was used. All patients were placed in a continuous passive motion (CPM) machine postoperatively. Patients were followed at 4-week intervals until fracture healing had occurred. All patients were followed for at least 1 year after injury. All fractures were treated by a single surgeon. The average time for fracture healing was 10.7 weeks (range 8-16). Hardware failure did not occur in this series. Outcomes were assessed using a modified Schatzker scoring method. Using the scale, there were 84% good to excellent results, 11% fair results, and 5% poor outcomes. Fair and poor results tended to occur in more severe fractures and were primarily due to limited knee motion. Complications included two broken screws, one deep infection, and one malunion. No fractures failed to unite. In conclusion, holding the surgical skill factor constant, it appeared that biologic reduction techniques, although they provided excellent bone healing capability, did not guarantee universally satisfactory outcomes.
1P277 A Theoretical Model for Mesenchymal-Amoeboid Modes for Migration(24. Mathematical biology,Poster) (2013)

Cells generally adapt to environmental changes to achieve homeostasis. Although simple mechanisms for adaptation through network motifs consisting of a few genes are well understood, how regulatory networks involving many genes that activate or repress each other can generate adaptive behaviors is unclear. Here, by numerically evolving gene regulatory networks, we obtained a class of genes whose expression dynamics showed adaptation over almost all genes, albeit sometimes partial adaptation, from which we revealed the general logic underlying such adaptive dynamics with many degrees of freedom, which was not reducible to common motifs with a few genes. These results have implications in the significance to the biological homeostasis of systems with many components.
Mapping Thermoelectric Transport in a Multicomponent Alloy Space (2022)

Abstract Interest in high entropy alloy thermoelectric materials is predicated on achieving ultralow lattice thermal conductivity κ L through large compositional disorder. However, here it is shown that for a given mechanism, such as mass contrast phonon scattering, κ L will be minimized along the binary alloy with highest mass contrast, such that adding an intermediate mass atom to increase atomic disorder can increase thermal conductivity. Only when each component adds an independent scattering mechanism (such as adding strain fluctuation to an existing mass fluctuation) is there a benefit. In addition, both charge carriers and heat‐carrying phonons are known to experience scattering due to alloying effects, leading to a trade‐off in thermoelectric performance. Analytic transport models are applied, based on perturbation and effective medium theories, to predict how alloy scattering will affect the thermal and electronic transport across the full compositional range of several pseudo‐ternary and pseudo‐quaternary alloy systems. To do so, a multicomponent extension is demonstrated to both thermal and electronic binary alloy scattering models based on the virtual crystal approximation. Finally, it is shown that common functional forms used in computational thermodynamics can be applied to this problem to further generalize the scattering behavior that is modeled.
The effects of mixing capsule geometry on the early compressive strength of dental amalgam (1988)

Three dental amalgams were mixed in a number of different mixing capsules. Compressive strength specimens were prepared using a clinically relevant technique and tested at 1 h and 7 days. The results showed that the early compressive strength of an alloy was influenced by the mixing capsule, and suggested that internal capsule geometry may be an important contributory factor in capsule performance. With one exception, there was a marked difference between the compressive strengths produced under the present method and those reported by manufacturers under test conditions laid down in standards specifications.
Ion Homeostasis in NaCl Stress Environments (1995)

Homeostasis can be defined as the tendency of a cell or an organism to maintain internal steady state, even in response to any environmental perturbation or stimulus tending to disturb normality, because of the coordinate responses of its constituent components. Typically, ions constantly flux in and out of cells in a controlled fashion with net flux adjusted to accommodate cellular requirements, thus creating an ionic homeostasis. When plant cells are exposed to salinity, mediated by high NaCl concentrations, kinetic steady states of ion transport for Na+ and Cland other ions, such as K+ and Ca2+, are disturbed (Binzel et al., 1988). High apoplastic levels of Na+ and Clalter aqueous and ionic thermodynamic equilibria, resulting in hyperosmotic stress, ionic imbalance, and toxicity. Thus, it is vital for the plant to re-establish cellular ion homeostasis for metabolic functioning and growth, that is, to adapt to the saline environment. Comparisons of what have been interpreted to be adaptive responses among various species lead to the conclusion that some salt-tolerant plants have evolved specialized complex mechanisms that allow adaptation to saline stress conditions. In fact, these unique mechanisms, such as salt glands, exist in few plant species and cannot be presumed to be ubiquitously functional for salt adaptation of all plants. However, intrinsically cellular-based mechanisms appear to be common to all genotypes and are a requisite for salt tolerance. Of paramount importance are those mechanisms that function to regulate ion homeostasis while mediating osmotic adjustment through the accumulation and intracellular compartmentation of ions that are predominant in the external environment. In this update we will focus principally on Na+ homeostasis in sodic environments; however, we also include discussions of H+, K+, Ca2+, and Clbecause of the interrelationship of these ions with Na+ homeostasis. Ion transport processes across the plasma membrane and the tonoplast will be emphasized because these are presumed to be most essential for the control of intracellular Na+ uptake and vacuolar compartmentation.
TURBULENCE DECAY AND CLOUD CORE RELAXATION IN MOLECULAR CLOUDS (2015)

The turbulent motion within molecular clouds is a key factor controlling star formation. Turbulence supports molecular cloud cores from evolving to gravitational collapse and hence sets a lower bound on the size of molecular cloud cores in which star formation can occur. On the other hand, without a continuous external energy source maintaining the turbulence, such as in molecular clouds, the turbulence decays with an energy dissipation time comparable to the dynamic timescale of clouds, which could change the size limits obtained from Jean's criterion by assuming constant turbulence intensities. Here we adopt scaling relations of physical variables in decaying turbulence to analyze its specific effects on the formation of stars. We find that the decay of turbulence provides an additional approach for Jeans' criterion to be achieved, after which gravitational infall governs the motion of the cloud core. This epoch of turbulence decay is defined as cloud core relaxation. The existence of cloud core relaxation provides a more complete understanding in the competition between turbulence and gravity on the dynamics of molecular cloud cores and star formation.
Structural basis for cAMP-mediated allosteric control of the catabolite activator protein (2009)

The cAMP-mediated allosteric transition in the catabolite activator protein (CAP; also known as the cAMP receptor protein, CRP) is a textbook example of modulation of DNA-binding activity by small-molecule binding. Here we report the structure of CAP in the absence of cAMP, which, together with structures of CAP in the presence of cAMP, defines atomic details of the cAMP-mediated allosteric transition. The structural changes, and their relationship to cAMP binding and DNA binding, are remarkably clear and simple. Binding of cAMP results in a coil-to-helix transition that extends the coiled-coil dimerization interface of CAP by 3 turns of helix and concomitantly causes rotation, by approximately 60 degrees , and translation, by approximately 7 A, of the DNA-binding domains (DBDs) of CAP, positioning the recognition helices in the DBDs in the correct orientation to interact with DNA. The allosteric transition is stabilized further by expulsion of an aromatic residue from the cAMP-binding pocket upon cAMP binding. The results define the structural mechanisms that underlie allosteric control of this prototypic transcriptional regulatory factor and provide an illustrative example of how effector-mediated structural changes can control the activity of regulatory proteins.
Nanostructured ceria synthesized by detonation method and its ultraviolet absorption performance (2013)

Nanostructured ceria particles have been successfully synthesized by detonation method with emulsion explosives. The effects of mass content of Ce(NO 3 ) 3 6H 2 O in emulsion explosives on particle size of CeO 2 were investigated. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) were carried out to characterize as-synthesized powders. The ultraviolet absorption performance of nanostructured ceria was tested by ultraviolet spectrophotometer. The results indicated that the mass content of Ce(NO 3 ) 3 6H 2 O in emulsion explosives affected the particle size of ceria mostly. When the mass content of Ce(NO 3 ) 3 6H 2 O was 53.2%, the particle size of ceria was even and on the small side. The UV absorption performance of assynthesized nanostructured ceria was excellent, especially for ultraviolet B.
Broadband Linearization Technique for mmWave Circuits (2019)

This paper presents a broadband linearization technique that can be used for mmWave amplifier circuits. It is based on the well-known principle of derivative superposition, where FETs with different operating points are connected in parallel to generate mutually cancelling third order intermodulation distortion (IM3) products. It is demonstrated by measurements in excess of 10 dB improvement in IM3 obtained from 1 GHz to 30 GHz, practically free by connecting a NMOS with very low gate bias in parallel of an amplifying NMOS. The reasons and limits of the cancellation are discussed. The inherent broadbandness of the technique makes it extremely suitable to be used in CMOS mmWave circuits.
On blockchain-based authorization architecture for beyond-5G mobile services (2017)

This paper proposes a new conceptual architecture for authorization of mobile services based on blockchain technologies, and presents a design of procedures for heterogeneous mobile communication services. Furthermore, an extension of the procedures is considered in order to enhance privacy protection for users. The new architecture realizes the separation of mobile communication infrastructure and billing functions and multiple use of several mobile communication services under a single contract with a billing operator.
Clearance Studies of Oxytocin in Humans Using Radioimmunoassay Measurements of the Hormone in Plasma and Urine* (1987)

Synthetic oxytocin (OT) was infused iv in four men at 3 mU/min, and the rate was doubled every 90 min for a total of three infusion periods. The mean (+/- SEM) OT MCR was 16.4 +/- 1.7 ml/kg X min and was independent of the rate of infusion. A method for measuring OT in urine was developed using an octadecasilyl-silica column for extraction of the hormone. The extracted residue was reconstituted in potassium phosphate buffer, pH 7.4, for RIA. The minimum detectable level of OT in urine was 0.2 microU/ml (defined as a bound to free ratio of approximately 90%). The mean recovery of OT was 77 +/- 2%. The mean (+/- SEM) concentration of endogenous OT in urine was 10.2 +/- 1.4 microU/ml. Endogenous OT in urine eluted from a reverse phase high pressure liquid chromatography column as a single peak of OT immunoreactivity in the position of synthetic OT. Urinary OT excretion during infusion of synthetic OT was linearly correlated with plasma OT concentration whether calculated as microunits of urinary OT per mg creatinine (r = 0.89) or urinary OT per min (r = 0.93). Mean urinary fractional clearance of OT (OT clearance/creatinine clearance) was 3.6% renal clearance of OT (5.5 ml/min or 0.43% of MCR). Thus, OT MCR was constant over a wide range of physiological plasma OT levels and was similar to MCR in pregnant women studied previously in this laboratory. Less than 1% of OT was cleared in urine. This study defines the relationship between urinary and plasma OT during steady state infusion of physiological concentrations of the hormone and indicates that measurements of OT in urine by RIA may prove helpful for pharmacokinetic and physiological studies of OT-related events in humans.
Engine Auxiliary System Guideline: Cooling Systems (2015)

The thesis was done for Wärtsilä Technical Services organization. The assignment was to consolidate a guideline for cooling systems as an engine auxiliary system covering the Wärtsilä 4-stroke engines currently in production. The guideline was to include information considering both marine and power plants installations. The sources of information were internal documentation from Wärtsilä, literature review and discussions with Wärtsilä cooling system experts. The guideline includes information on the impacts of the cooling system, on engine operations, on typical cooling system configurations as well as on the differences and similarities in cooling systems between marine and power plant installations. Furthermore, the components included in the cooling system and the dynamics of a closed circuit system with constant fluid circulation are shortly presented in the guideline. The cooling water quality requirements and related maintenance activities are also presented in the guideline as the cooling water quality has a direct impact on the performance of the cooling system via corrosion, fouling and deposit formation processes. Finally, the Services reports related to cooling systems were reviewed and analyzed to include information of typical issues on cooling systems to the guideline.&#13;\nThe cooling systems of the Wärtsilä 4-stroke engines have an essential impact on the engine operations as they protect the engine from the thermal damages and impact the performance of the engine e.g. by controlling the charge air temperature. The cooling system configuration for each installation is selected based on the ambient conditions, water availability, engine type, financial criteria and customer preferences. Typical issues in the field are related to system balancing and to the consequences of insufficient cooling system maintenance practices.
[Merkel cell carcinoma: current diagnosis and treatment]. (2008)

We propose herein a review based on literature data about current treatment of Merkel cell carcinoma, including new data on adjuvant radiotherapy and sentinel lymph node biopsy.
Electrical and Optical Properties of GexSe1-xAmorphous Thin Films (1976)

Measurements of electrical and optical properties have been made on GexSe1-x amorphous thin films of about 1 µm thickness. From the experiment of electrical conductivity at various temperatures, two processes of the d.c. conductivity in GexSe1-x films are observed in plots of ln σ against 1/T. The thermoelectric power exhibits a maximum value of p-type conduction at pure Se and a change of the sign from positive to negative at 0.4<x<0.5. Measurements of the photoconductivity and the absorption spectra have been made at room temperature. It is found that the energy gap is decreased with increasing additions of the Ge content. An energy band model of amorphous GexSe1-x films has been proposed for consistent explanations of experimental data.
Tracking SARS-CoV-2 RNA through the Wastewater Treatment Process (2021)

Municipal sewage carries degraded and intact viral particles and RNA (ribonucleic acid) of SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory coronavirus 2), shed by COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019) patients, to sewage and eventually to wastewater treatment plants. Proper wastewater treatment can prevent uncontrolled discharges of the virus into the environment. However, the role of different wastewater treatment stages in reducing viral RNA concentrations is, thus far, unknown. Here, we quantified SARS-CoV-2 RNA in raw sewage and during the main stages of the activated sludge process from two wastewater treatment plants in Israel, on three different days during the 2020 COVID-19 outbreak. To reduce the detection limit, samples were concentrated prior to quantification by real-time polymerase chain reaction by a factor of 2-43 using ultrafiltration. On average, ∼1 log RNA removal was attained by each of the primary and secondary treatment steps; however, >100 copies of SARS-CoV-2 RNA/mL remained in the secondary effluents. Following chlorination, SARS-CoV-2 RNA was detected only once, likely due to an insufficient chlorine dose. Our results emphasize the capabilities and limitations of the conventional wastewater treatment process in reducing the SARS-CoV-2 RNA concentration and present preliminary evidence for the importance of tertiary treatment and chlorination in reducing dissemination of the virus to the environment.
A 70–110 GHz single-chip SiGe reflectometer with integrated local oscillator quadrupler (2017)

This paper presents a 70–110 GHz single-chip SiGe reflectometer for one-port vector network analyzer (VNA). Two directional couplers are implemented together with two high-linearity heterodyne receivers on a single chip at 70–110 GHz. In addition, a x4 frequency multiplier chain is also implemented on the same chip. A CPW (Coplanar Waveguide) coupled-line directional is used with a shielded gound plane for improved isolation and directivity. The dynamic range of the receiver is 110–115 dB at 70–110 GHz with 10 dB back-off and 10 Hz resolution bandwidth (RBW). The SiGe chip is 5.86 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> and consumes 440 mW from a 2 V supply. The chip is mounted on a printed circuit board (PCB), and RF and LO signals are applied using probes. A 95 GHz bandpass filter is measured as the device-under-test (DUT) and the results obtained using the on-chip VNA and a commericial VNA show good agreement over a wide frequency range.
Identification of claudin-4 binder that attenuates tight junction barrier function by TR-FRET-based screening assay (2017)

Abstract Claudins are key functional and structural components of tight junctions (TJs) in epithelial cell sheets. The C-terminal fragment of Clostridium perfringens enterotoxin (C-CPE) binds to claudin-4 and reversibly modulates intestinal TJ seals, thereby enhancing paracellular transport of solutes. However, the use of C-CPE as an absorption enhancer is limited by the molecule’s immunogenicity and manufacturing cost. Here, we developed a high-throughput screening system based on the Time-Resolved Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer (TR-FRET) method to identify claudin-4 binders in a library collection of 32,560 compounds. Thiostrepton, identified from the screen, decreased transepithelial electrical resistance and increased flux of 4-kDa fluorescein isothiocyanate–labelled dextran (FD-4) in Caco-2 cell monolayers, a model of intestinal epithelium. Thiostrepton changed the expression, but not the localisation, of TJ components. Treatment of rat jejunum with thiostrepton increased the absorption of FD-4 without tissue toxicity, indicating that thiostrepton is a novel claudin-4 binder that enhances intestinal permeability. The screening system may therefore be a useful tool for identifying claudin-4 binders to enhance drug absorption in mucosa.