gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Enhanced survival fractions of UV-irradiated spores in clusters on a surface in air: Measured and mathematically modeled results at 254-nm (2023)

Germicidal ultraviolet light (GUV) is routinely used to kill pathogenic bacteria and viruses for limiting the transmission of disease. Microbes such as bacterial spores can form aggregates either with themselves or other particles. These aggregates can shield organisms within them from GUV and thus make it difficult to achieve a desired reduction in viability. There is a need to better understand shielding of microbes from UV, and how it depends upon particle size and composition. To determine the survival fractions of spores in clusters (Sp) we aerosolized Bacillus anthracis Sterne spores, collected the clusters onto a surface, illuminated the samples with the desired fluence (J/m2) of 254-nm GUV, then resuspended the spores, plated serial dilutions and counted live colonies. The Sp was calculated for each time point using the culturable organisms in the exposed and unexposed samples. We also modeled the Sp of spores in clusters on a surface in air. In these mathematical models, each spore was approximated as a homogenous sphere having optical properties approximating those of spores. The absorption of GUV by each sphere within the cluster resting on a surface was calculated using the Multi-Sphere T-Matrix (MSTM). Plots showing both measured and calculated Sp versus GUV fluence illustrate similarities between measured and calculated values and increases in Sp with cluster size. These studies add to the evidence that particle sizes need to be considered when modeling, designing, and using GUV systems to reduce spreading of infectious disease. The potential relevance to 222-nm GUV inactivation is discussed.
Establishing Correspondences between Planar Image Patches (2014)

Finding correspondences between image pairs is a fundamental task in computer vision. Herein, we focus on establishing matches between images of urban scenes which are typically composed of planar surface patches with highly repetitive structures. The latter property makes traditional point-based methods unreliable. The basic idea of our approach is to formulate the correspondence problem in terms of homography estimation between planar image regions: given a planar region in one image, we are simultaneously looking for its corresponding segmentation in the other image and the planar homography acting between the two regions. We will show, that due to the overlapping views the general 8 degree of freedom (DOF) of the homography mapping can be geometrically constrained to 3 DOF and the resulting segmentation/registration problem can be efficiently solved by finding the region's occurrence in the second image using pyramid representation and normalized mutual information as the intensity similarity measure. The method has been validated on a large database of building images taken by different mobile cameras and quantitative evaluation confirms robustness against intensity variations, occlusions or the presence of non-planar parts. We also show examples of 3D planar surface reconstruction as well as 2D mosaicking.
A Comparison of Operative Time and Intraoperative Blood Volume Loss Between Stemless and Short‐stem Anatomic Total Shoulder Arthroplasty: A Single Institution's Experience (2022)

Stemless aTSA is associated with a markedly decreased surgical time and intraoperative TBVL when compared with a SS aTSA. Furthermore, the use of a stemless implant results in a shorter hospital LOS and lower discharge pain scores.
Mechanisms of amphotericin B-induced decrease in glomerular filtration rate in rats (1991)

Mechanisms responsible for the reductions in renal blood flow (RBF) and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in response to acute infusions of amphotericin B were investigated in vivo in rats. The influence of salt status and the roles of adenosine, cyclic AMP, and calcium influx were examined. Amphotericin B was infused into the renal artery in seven groups of rats at 0.025 mg/kg of body weight per min for 15 min. RBF and GFR were measured over 15 min before, during, and after the infusion. Control rats were maintained on a normal salt diet; a second group of rats received a salt-depleted diet, and a third group received a high-salt intake. Four other groups were kept on a normal diet and received theophylline (0.5 mumol/kg/min into the renal artery, intra-arterially [i.a.]), dibutyryl cyclic AMP (85 micrograms/min, i.a.), the 5'-nucleotidase inhibitor adenosine alpha,beta-methylene diphosphate (4 mg/kg, intramuscularly), or diltiazem (20 micrograms/kg/min, i.a.). Control rats had a prompt 50% decrease in RBF in response to amphotericin B. This was sustained over the 15-min infusion period and was accompanied by a decrease in creatinine clearance (CLCR) (from 0.83 +/- 0.08 to 0.40 +/- 0.09 ml/min; P less than 0.05). On stopping the infusion, RBF returned quickly to baseline but CLCR continued to decrease further (to 0.35 +/- 0.07 ml/min; P less than 0.05). Salt loading, theophylline, and diltiazem administration prevented the decreases in both RBF and CLCR. Both RBF and CLCR responses in the remaining groups were not significantly different from those in controls. The results of this study reveal a protective effect of salt loading and theophylline against amphotericin B nephrotoxicity in the rat but deny a role for adenosine in mediating these effects. They further suggest that theophylline inhibits the acute responses by a mechanism unrelated to either adenosine receptor blockade or phosphodiesterase inhibition and that calcium influx into the cells is probably responsible for the acute changes in RBF and GFR in response to amphotericin B.
[Proteins from nuclear fractions with different contents of active genes]. (1987)

The protein content in four nuclear fractions was compared. The nuclear fraction of rat liver deficient in active genes was characterized by a very low content of non-histone proteins whose mobility is less than that of histone H1.. The predominant protein of this fraction is an acid-soluble protein (Mr = 41 +/- 1 kD) designated as 41K. This protein was detected in acid nuclear extracts of rat lungs, kidney and spleen but was absent (or practically absent) in four murine and rat hepatomas under study. The decreased content of protein 41K was correlated with the diminution of the content of histone H1(0) fraction. It was shown that proteins HMG 14 and 17 are readily washed off during fractionation of nuclei and they bind to DNA fragments passing into solution irrespective of whether they contain active or inactive genes. The nuclear matrix fraction rich in active genes was heterogeneous according to its protein composition. Differences in the intensity of staining and in electrophoretic mobility of some polypeptides of this nuclear fraction in normal and hepatoma cells were revealed.
Recombination between sequences in nonhomologous positions. (1983)

Crossing-over between the dispersed repeated sequences found in eukaryotic genomes would generate chromosomal rearrangements. The stability of the yeast genome suggests the existence of some constraint on the ability of these sequences to interact by recombination. We have constructed strains with two alleles of the his3 gene located on different chromosomes. Gene conversion accounts for the majority of the recombination events between these genes, but about 10% of the events are crossovers that result in a reciprocal translocation. When one of the alleles is on an autonomously replicating centromere plasmid, recombination is 5- to 10-fold more frequent than when both alleles are chromosomal, suggesting that higher-order chromosome structure may play a role in restricting interchromosomal recombination. We have also used the translocation to deduce the orientation of the his3 and rRNA genes relative to their centromeres.
Degradation of reactive dyes by supercritical water oxidation in a batch reactor (2002)

The supercritical water oxidation of three reactive dyes in a batch reactor was studied with varying levels of hydrogen peroxide oxidant. The decolorisation of each dye was measured by absorbance spectrophotometry and quantitatively determined from calibration graphs for each of the three dyes. At the lowest excess oxidant concentration (zero excess), the extent of chromogen destruction was nominally lower for the red dye than for the blue and black dyes.
A novel method for reliable and fast extraction of neuronal EEG/MEG oscillations on the basis of spatio-spectral decomposition (2011)

Neuronal oscillations have been shown to underlie various cognitive, perceptual and motor functions in the brain. However, studying these oscillations is notoriously difficult with EEG/MEG recordings due to a massive overlap of activity from multiple sources and also due to the strong background noise. In EEG/MEG research frequently used algorithms are based on independent component analysis (ICA) not requiring inverse modeling calculations. These ICA approaches might meet intrinsic limitations for regular EEG/MEG oscillatory components which not only represent a mixture of narrow-band signals with very similar spectra but are also fairly Gaussian distributed. Moreover, the majority of ICA methods are based on numerical approaches, which do not always guarantee adequately converging solutions, and, in addition, computing ICA can be time consuming. Here we present a novel method for the reliable and fast extraction of neuronal oscillations from multi-channel EEG/MEG/LFP recordings. The method is based on a linear decomposition of recordings: it maximizes the signal power at a peak frequency while simultaneously minimizing it at the neighboring, surrounding frequency bins. Such procedure leads to the optimization of signal-to-noise ratio and allows extraction of components with a characteristic „peaky“ spectral profile, which is typical for oscillatory processes. We refer to this method as spatio-spectral decomposition (SSD). Our simulations demonstrate that the method allows a reliable extraction of oscillatory signals even with a signal-to-noise ratio as low as 1:10. The SSD also outperformed conventional approaches based on ICA. Using real EEG data we also show that SSD allows extraction of neuronal oscillations (e.g., in α frequency range) with highest signal-to-noise ratio and with the spatial patterns corresponding to central and occipito-parietal sources. Importantly, running time for SSD is only a few milliseconds, which clearly distinguishes it from other extraction techniques usually requiring seconds of computational time. Due to the high accuracy and speed, we suggest that SSD can be used as a reliable method for the extraction of neuronal oscillations from multi-channel electrophysiological recordings.
Langerhans Cell Granules in Eosinophilic Granuloma of Bone (1969)

Tissue from an eosinophilic granuloma of bone was examined with the electron microscope. In several of the histiocytes were rod-shaped structures, one end of which was frequently distended into a sac. The structures are identical to granules which have been described in Langerhan cells of skin. We believe that the granules originate from an infolding of plasma membrane and that their presence in both Langerhans cells and histiocytes indicates that the two cell types have some functions in common.
Induction of alpha-fetoprotein synthesis in differentiating F9 teratocarcinoma cells is accompanied by a genome-wide loss of DNA methylation. (1984)

F9 teratocarcinoma cells can be grown as monolayers or aggregates, and upon treatment with retinoic acid they will differentiate into parietal or visceral endoderm, respectively. Visceral endoderm specifically synthesizes alpha-fetoprotein and albumin mRNAs, which are not found in parietal endoderm. In contrast, both endoderms produce enhanced levels of the major histocompatibility antigen (H2) mRNA compared with F9 cells. F9 cells contain highly methylated DNA as judged by restriction enzyme digestion. However, upon differentiation into visceral endoderm, there is a genome-wide loss of methylation in induced, silent, and constitutively expressed genes. Experiments in which methylation loss is induced via the methyltransferase inhibitor 5-azacytidine result in no induction of alpha-fetoprotein mRNA and no morphological differentiation, suggesting that methylation loss alone is not sufficient to induce the visceral endoderm phenotype. Likewise, 5-azacytidine treatment of differentiated cells does not result in enhanced expression of alpha-fetoprotein mRNA. However, the patterns of loss of DNA methylation at all sites examined after differentiation or 5-azacytidine treatment were remarkably similar, suggesting that the two occur by a similar mechanism, the inhibition of DNA methyltransferase activity. These results argue that the specificity for methylation loss at a given site is an inherent property of aggregated F9 cell chromatin. This system provides a model for studying a tissue-specific change in DNA methylation upon differentiation.
Three phosphor plate systems and film compared for imaging root canals (2001)

It is concluded that a greater length of root canal was visible on conventional film than on three phosphor plate imaging systems and that this may be of clinical significance.
Post-digestion stabilization of osmium enables quantification by ICP-MS in cell culture and tissue (2017)

An orally active osmium anticancer compound was reliably quantified in the organs of treated mice by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) by adding a stabilizing solution consisting of ascorbic acid, thiourea and EDTA during sample preparation and avoiding oxidizing conditions. The limits of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ) of <sup>189</sup>Os were determined in liver tissue to be 0.02 and 0.075 μg kg<sup>-1</sup>, respectively. In spiked liver tissue, the internal precision showed a relative standard deviation (RSD) of 4%, a matrix recovery of 92% and a digestion recovery of 99%. A similar quantification protocol was developed for cellular accumulation studies in vitro. The cells were lysed with a non-oxidizing lysis buffer consisting of 150 mmol L<sup>-1</sup> NaCl, 1.0% Triton X-100, 0.1% SDS, and 50 mmol L<sup>-1</sup> Tris at pH 8.0 before adding the stabilizing solution. The osmium compound was compared with an isosteric ruthenium analogue and they displayed similar cellular accumulation and organ distribution profiles.
Development of a deployable low cost interference detection and localization system for the GNSS L1/E1 band (2010)

There have already been a number of well documented cases where the GNSS signals have been interfered by different sources. A number of different methods has been developed to counteract this. One problem with doing experiments to validate the accuracy of interference detection system is that the GPS L1 band is protected, therefore it is difficult to get permission to deliberately broadcast on those frequencies. In this paper we present a novel way to test such a system. The proposed method will be validated by deploying a number of low cost nodes and then an attempt to localize the interference will be made.
Random Gegenbauer Features for Scalable Kernel Methods (2022)

We propose efficient random features for approximating a new and rich class of kernel functions that we refer to as Generalized Zonal Kernels (GZK). Our proposed GZK family, generalizes the zonal kernels (i.e., dot-product kernels on the unit sphere) by introducing radial factors in their Gegenbauer series expansion, and includes a wide range of ubiquitous kernel functions such as the entirety of dot-product kernels as well as the Gaussian and the recently introduced Neural Tangent kernels. Interestingly, by exploiting the reproducing property of the Gegenbauer polynomials, we can construct efficient random features for the GZK family based on randomly oriented Gegenbauer kernels. We prove subspace embedding guarantees for our Gegenbauer features which ensures that our features can be used for approximately solving learning problems such as kernel k-means clustering, kernel ridge regression, etc. Empirical results show that our proposed features outperform recent kernel approximation methods.
A Neural Support Vector Network architecture with adaptive kernels (2000)

In the Support Vector Machines (SVM) framework, the positive-definite kernel can be seen as representing a fixed similarity measure between two patterns, and a discriminant function is obtained by taking a linear combination of the kernels computed at training examples called support vectors. We investigate learning architectures in which the kernel functions can be replaced by more general similarity measures that can have arbitrary internal parameters. The training criterion used in SVMs is not appropriate for this purpose so we adopt the simple criterion that is generally used when training neural networks for classification tasks. Several experiments are performed which show that such Neural Support Vector Networks perform similarly to SVMs while requiring significantly fewer support vectors, even when the similarity measure has no internal parameters.
On the Theoretical Thinking of Overall Planning for the Public Goods Supply of China (2011)

The fundamental method of scientific outlook on development is to make overall plans and take all factors into consideration. To carry out the scientific outlook on development, build a well-off society in an all-around way, realize social harmony and guarantee benign and rapid development of social economy requires the government to make an overall plan as the subject and direct development of Chinese public goods supply in a scientific way. This article starts out from reality in China and makes a primary discussion on the issue of overall planning for the public goods supply of China.
<title>Three-dimensional (3D) object manipulation techniques: immersive versus nonimmersive interfaces</title> (1995)

Identifying applications which are appropriate to the higher performance but higher cost virtual environment (VE) interface is a non-trivial problem. A VE application should not only demonstrate better cost/performance than it's non-immersive windows and mouse (WM) based alternatives, it must also address the time and effort required by the end user in becoming immersed. Identifying promising problem domains requires clearly understanding the theoretical advantages of the VE interface as well as the hardware specs necessary to best implement those advantages. This paper identifies a series of common tasks requiring varying degrees of viewpoint movement, object selection and manipulation and subjectively compares theoretical implementations between a VE interface having two depth cursors and a WM interface. Each task is intended to highlight fundamental operations where either WM performance begins to degrade, increased command sets leads to loss of generality or there is a justifiable requirement for presence which cannot be provided. These performance issues balanced by the current realities of VE technology are used to suggest a point when certain problem domains solution should move to a VE implementation and when they should remain WM.
UNC45A deficiency causes microvillus inclusion disease–like phenotype by impairing myosin VB–dependent apical trafficking (2022)

Variants in the UNC45A cochaperone have been recently associated with a syndrome combining diarrhea, cholestasis, deafness, and bone fragility. Yet the mechanism underlying intestinal failure in UNC45A deficiency remains unclear. Here, biallelic variants in UNC45A were identified by next-generation sequencing in 6 patients with congenital diarrhea. Corroborating in silico prediction, variants either abolished UNC45A expression or altered protein conformation. Myosin VB was identified by mass spectrometry as client of the UNC45A chaperone and was found misfolded in UNC45AKO Caco-2 cells. In keeping with impaired myosin VB function, UNC45AKO Caco-2 cells showed abnormal epithelial morphogenesis that was restored by full-length UNC45A, but not by mutant alleles. Patients and UNC45AKO 3D organoids displayed altered luminal development and microvillus inclusions, while 2D cultures revealed Rab11 and apical transporter mislocalization as well as sparse and disorganized microvilli. All those features resembled the subcellular abnormalities observed in duodenal biopsies from patients with microvillus inclusion disease. Finally, microvillus inclusions and shortened microvilli were evidenced in enterocytes from unc45a-deficient zebrafish. Taken together, our results provide evidence that UNC45A plays an essential role in epithelial morphogenesis through its cochaperone function of myosin VB and that UNC45A loss causes a variant of microvillus inclusion disease.
Determinação do perfil de tensão em filmes finos por microelipsometria (1993)

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An optical system was developed to determine the stress profile of transparent thin films by measuring the phase difference between two electromagnetic waves produced by a photoelastic modulator. The system analysis is done by the Mueller matrix of each of its optical components. The calibration and stability of the system are also analyzed. The equipment measures retardation in the range of 1-1500 A with a spatial resolution of 30 µm.
Utility of the Free Vascularized Fibula Flap to Reconstruct Oncologic Defects in the Upper Extremity (2020)

FVF effectively provided a functional reconstruction following tumor resection. Although, one in four patients will need additional bone grafting, the overall union rate is high.
Symmetric Inclined Grid Mobility Analyzer for the Measurement of Charged Clusters and Fine Nanoparticles in Atmospheric Air (2011)

The Symmetric Inclined Grid Mobility Analyzer (SIGMA) was developed for applications in atmospheric aerosol nucleation research with special attention to long-term routine measurements in natural atmospheric conditions. The new instrument was elaborated using the experience of the preceding scanning mobility analyzers Inclined Grid Mobility Analyzer (IGMA) and Balanced Scanning Mobility Analyzer (BSMA). The range of electric mobility is 0.032−3.2 cm2V−1s−1. The particle diameter distribution in the range of 0.4−7.5 nm is resolved considering the size-mobility correlation at air temperature and pressure measured with built-in sensors. The scanning technique ensures that possible peculiarities in the recorded size or mobility distribution are not caused by the technical troubles of individual mobility channels. High rate of air flow and isopotential principle suppress the disturbing effect of external electric fields and assure the representative sampling of air ions. The sheath air is coming from the atmosphere together with the sample air and is deionized by means of electrostatic filters. The residence time of the air in the instrument is 0.16 s and the temperature change does not exceed 0.5 K. Different of the previous instruments the positive and negative air ions are sampled from the same inlet air flow and measured exactly simultaneously. The sensitivity of the instrument is increased and allows measuring the mobility fraction concentrations of charged fine nanometer particles in atmospheric air at a standard 5-min time resolution with random errors of about 1 cm−3. The time resolution of 20 s is available at random errors of about 5 cm−3.