gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Der 2.2.2‐Trifluor‐1‐benzyloxycarbonylamino‐äthyl‐Rest als Schutzgruppe für die Hydroxylgruppen des Serins und Threonins bei Peptidsynthesen (1968)

Abstract Der 2.2.2‐Trifluor‐1‐benzyloxycarbonylamino‐äthyl‐Rest ist zum Schutz der Hydroxylgruppen des Serins und Threonins hervorragend geeignet. Er ist durch Umsetzung von N ‐Acyl‐aminosäure‐ oder N ‐Acyl‐peptidderivaten mit 2.2.2‐Trifluor‐1‐chlor‐ N ‐benzyloxycarbonyl‐äthylamin leicht einführbar und läßt sich durch katalytische Hydrierung oder mit HBr/Eisessig bzw. HF wieder abspalten.
The mechanism of the effect of obesity in knee osteoarthritis: The mediating role of malalignment (2000)

BMI was related to OA severity in those with varus knees but not in those with valgus knees. Much of the effect of BMI on the severity of medial tibiofemoral OA was explained by varus malalignment, after controlling for sex. Whether it precedes or follows the onset of disease, varus malalignment is one local factor that may contribute to rendering the knee most vulnerable to the effects of obesity.
Application of Blue-green Lasers to High Data Rate Underwater Communications (1992)

High data rate underwater laser communications are highly constrained by laser propagation characteristics in the marine environment. Many of these limitations are mitigated by using an optimally designed laser for seawater transmission, namely a compact blue-green laser. Digital data can be transmitted through seawater by an amplitude modulated laser beam that is detected by a remote optical receiver. The primary technical issue for this application is the distance over which error-free optical communication is possible. Maximum range for a laser beam propagating through seawater is in the hundreds of meters. Achievable distances are limited because optical signals transmitted through seawater are exponentially attenuated according to where I is the received optical signal strength, I o is the initial optical signal strength, r is the transmission range, and c is the beam attenuation coefficient.
Silicon Microtoroidal Resonators With Integrated MEMS Tunable Coupler (2007)

A single crystalline silicon microtoroidal resonator with integrated MEMS-actuated tunable optical coupler is demonstrated for the first time. It is fabricated by combining hydrogen annealing and wafer bonding processes. The device operates in all three coupling regimes: under-, critical, and over-coupling. We have also developed a comprehensive model based on time-domain coupling theory. The experimental and theoretical results agree very well. The quality factor (Q) is extracted by fitting the experimental curve with the model. The unloaded Q is as high as 110 000, and the loaded Q is continuously tunable from 110 000 to 5400. The extinction ratio of the transmittance is 22.4 dB. This device can be used as a building block of resonator-based reconfigurable photonic integrated circuits
Reproducible Quantification of the Microstructure of Complex Quenched and Quenched and Tempered Steels using Modern Methods of Machine Learning (2023)

Current conventional methods of evaluating microstructures are characterized by a high degree of subjectivity and a lack of reproducibility. Modern machine learning (ML) approaches have already shown great potential in overcoming these challenges. Once trained with representative data in combination with an objective ground truth, the ML model is able to perform a task properly in a reproducible and automated manner. However, in highly complex use cases, it is often not possible to create a definite ground truth. This study addresses this problem using the underlying showcase of microstructures of highly complex quenched and quenched and tempered (Q/QT) steels. A patch-wise classification approach combined with a sliding window technique provides a solution for segmenting entire microphotographs where pixel-wise segmentation is not applicable due to the problem of reproducibly creating unambiguous training masks. Using correlative microscopy, consisting of light optical microscope (LOM) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) micrographs as well as corresponding data from electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD), a training dataset of reference states that covers a wide range of microstructures was acquired in order to train accurate and robust ML models. Despite the enormous complexity associated with the steels treated here, classification accuracies of 88.8% in the case of LOM images and 93.7% for high-resolution SEM images were achieved. These high accuracies are close to super-human performance, especially in consideration of the reproducibility of the automated ML approaches compared to conventional methods based on subjective evaluations through experts.
New organic magnetic materials. the use of hydrogen bonds as a crystalline design element of organic molecular solids with intermolecular ferromagnetic interactions (1994)

Summary form only given. A brief description of the most relevant structural and electronic requirements in order to design purely organic ferromagnetic materials will be provided, stressing the principal advantages and limitations of the molecular solid strategy to achieve this objective. A new approach to achieve ferromagnetic interactions in such a type of materials, based on the use of hydrogen bonds with open shell molecules, will be provided. This new approach will be presented and discussed in relation with some polyhydroxylated cc-phenylnitronyl nitroxide radicals; in particular of 4- and 3-hydroxyphenyl and 3,5- and 3,4-dihydroxyphenyt a-nitronyl nitroxide radicals. The examples of radical here presented show that depending on the number and position of the hydroxyl groups, it is possible not only to control the relative molecular orientations but also to transmit magnetic interactions, either of antiferro- or ferromagnefic type, in different spatial directions.
Analysis of Functionalized DNA Adsorption on Au(111) Using Electron Spectroscopy (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAnalysis of Functionalized DNA Adsorption on Au(111) Using Electron SpectroscopyC. E. Rabke-Clemmer, A. J. Leavitt, and Thomas P. Beebe Jr.Cite this: Langmuir 1994, 10, 6, 1796–1800Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/la00018a030https://doi.org/10.1021/la00018a030research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views161Altmetric-Citations17LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Adaptive Classification of Cortical Input to the Striatum by Competitive Learning (2000)

Early in the history of neuroanatomy, the medium spiny (MS) neurone, the main neuronal class of the mammalian striatum, was characterized as a medium-sized cell body, with densely spiny dendrites, and local intensely-ramifying axon collaterals (Cajal, 1911). The relatively small cell body and intensive local axonal arborization prompted early researchers to consider these neurones to be interneurones (Vogt and Vogt, 1920). Despite some indications from Golgi studies (Leontovich, 1975; DiFiglia, Pasik and Pasik, 1976), it was not until intracellular neuronal tracers became available that it was established that in fact the main axon of MS neurones, besides giving off local collaterals, left the striatum to provide an intense innervation of other nuclei of the basal ganglia (Chang, Wilson and Kitai, 1981; Kawaguchi, Wilson and Emson, 1990). Through this projection, MS neurones inhibit neurones in target nuclei such as the globus pallidus (Park, Falls and Kitai, 1982). The nature of synaptic transmission at the terminals of local MS axon collaterals has not been described so far. Multiple failed attempts to uncover such transmission at the striatal level have left as an open question the functional impact of these local axon collaterals (Jaeger, Kita and Wilson, 1994). Nonetheless, given that no synaptic specialization ofcollaterals within the striatum has taken place, the prevalent conclusion among most researchers is that local synapses between MS neurones are also inhibitory.
Table S1 from Metformin Abrogates Age-Associated Ovarian Fibrosis (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Gene ontology features in fibrotic vs. non-fibrotic human ovaries&lt;/p&gt;
Thermal performance comparisons for a solar hot water system (1983)

For patients with large dorsal defects due to posttraumatic deformities, rib cartilage or calvarial bone is used for reconstruction. Problems such as graft contour, distortion, limited amounts, and donor morbidity continue to exist for cartilage and bone grafts. To overcome the limitations of such grafts, many authors have used diced cartilage wrapped with fascia. However, diced cartilage wrapped with fascia is not suitable for structural support in cases of dorsal nasal collapse. We describe a technique using a dorsal structural graft for a 28-year-old man who had severe dorsal nasal collapse after a traffic collision. For enhancement of strength, we harvested a thick segment of the tensor fascia lata and applied 2 layers. A large amount of rib cartilage was inserted between the thick fascia layers. The tensor fascia lata wrapped with diced cartilage graft for dorsal augmentation is fraught with structural graft, similar to bone or cartilage grafts. This semirigid technique may be another option for dorsal structural support of severe nose deformities.
CARTOGRAMS AND TOPOLOGY (1982)

Highly generalized cartograms which are not rigidly bound to the geometry of the globe can often supply effective graphic solutions to problematical thematic situations, especially where non-metric object spaces are involved. While it is possible to reduce noise and to distribute information evenly over the map area, topological properties should be retained; some of these are described in this paper. In addition to uncontrolled cartograms, special distorting projections can now be employed in producing quantitative area cartograms.
A Semiquantitative PCR Assay for Assessing Perkinsus marinus Infections in the Eastern Oyster, Crassostrea virginica (1995)

A 3.2-kb fragment of Perkinsus marinus DNA was cloned and sequenced. A noncoding domain was identified and targeted for the development of a semiquantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay for the presence of P. marinus in eastern oyster tissues. The assay involves extracting total DNA from oyster hemolymph and using 1 microgram of that DNA as template in a stringent PCR amplification with oligonucleotide primers that are specific for the P. marinus 3.2-kb fragment. With this assay, we can detect 10 pg of total P. marinus DNA per 1 microgram of oyster hemocyte DNA with ethidium bromide (EtBr) staining of agarose gels, 100 fg total P. marinus DNA with Southern blot autoradiography, and 10 fg of total P. marinus DNA with dot-blot hybridizations. We have used the sensitivity of the PCR assay to develop a method for estimating the level of P. marinus DNA in oyster hemolymph and have successfully applied this technique to gill tissues. Our semiquantitative assay uses a dilution series to essentially titrate the point at which a P. marinus DNA target is no longer amplified in a sample. We refer to this technique as "dilution endpoint" PCR. Using hemocytes obtained by withdrawing a 1-ml sample of hemolymph, this assay provides a nondestructive methodology for rapidly screening large numbers of adult oysters for the presence and quantification of P. marinus infection levels. This technique is applicable to other tissues (gills) and could potentially be applied to DNA extracts of whole larvae or spat.
Writing Across the Curriculum Works: The Impact of Writing Emphasis upon Senior Exit Writing Samples (2006)

Seniors’ writing skills were assessed in 1998 at a medium-sized public university. Blind scoring, a standard scoring guide, and trained graders were used. Curricular writing emphasis was assessed through a syllabus study, yielding a Curricular Emphasis Score. Controlling for entry-level skill in writing, Writing Score and Curricular Emphasis were highly correlated. Introduction Writing across the curriculum is an emphasis that, like apple pie, enjoys widespread appeal. According to the MLA Commission on Writing and Literature (1985), 47% of 4-year colleges had writing across the curriculum programs, and that percentage continues to climb. The belief in its effectiveness remains strong in colleges and universities across the land. However, among writing professionals skeptics point out that after programs have been set up, assessment is often lax or non-existent. Convincing evidence sufficient to satisfy the wary researcher, policy-maker or administrator, controlling for relevant variables, is difficult to find. A partial catalogue of these relevant variables would include, at the top of the list, pre-existing writing ability as it can be estimated upon college entry. In addition, given the fact that increasing numbers of students attend more than one institution on their journey toward graduation, there is the factor of the writing emphasis found at multiple institutions. Since the experience gained earlier at another institution is beyond the control of a college or university, how does the latter institution determine what part of the writing proficiency of its graduates was contributed by its courses and what part by the prior experience? Another major problem facing research comes from the nature of the curriculum. Accreditation standards require that virtually all institutions have curricula that foster writing proficiency along with other general education skills. Many institutions, including the one that is the object of this presentation, address this requirement through both required freshman writing courses and other required courses in the curriculum, sometimes designated as having a “writing emphasis.” The problem that remains is that learning does not necessarily follow prescribed patterns laid down in the curriculum. Students may improve their writing in many ways through a myriad of course-taking patterns, including those without any official designation as “writing-intensive.” What may be needed is a method that brings to bear an independent outside assessment of the writing-intensiveness of the curriculum. Further, such a method must allow for individualized measurement of the writing intensiveness for students’ particular courses of study.
Application of 2,5‐dihydroxyacetophenone with sublimation provides efficient ionization of lipid species by atmospheric pressure matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization imaging mass spectrometry (2014)

Imaging mass spectrometry (IMS) is a powerful tool for detecting and visualizing biomolecules in tissue sections. Most IMS instruments are equipped with a high‐vacuum chamber for matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI). However, the use of high‐vacuum conditions restricts the usage of the matrix to less‐volatile substances. We recently developed an atmospheric pressure MALDI instrument, named the ‘mass microscope’, to avoid this problem. The atmospheric pressure condition enables us to use volatile matrices. In this study, we compared the reliability of a volatile matrix, 2,5‐dihydroxyacetophenone (DHAP) with that of a conventionally used matrix, 2,5‐dihydroxybenzoic acid (DHB). Compared with the results obtained with DHB, the mass spectra obtained with DHAP showed a variety of signal species in a mass region corresponding to phospholipid species in both the positive and negative ion modes without any matrix‐derived signals. DHAP provided highly strong signals of ganglioside (GM1) species. We also compared two matrix deposition techniques for DHAP matrix: sublimation and spraying. We found that the sublimation method for applying DHAP matrix on a tissue surface can maintain ion images of lipid species, including ganglioside species only in a tissue. In contrast, the spraying method led the diffusion of GM1 species toward the outside of the tissue sections. Consequently, the sublimation method for applications of DHAP is adequate to analyze some types of lipid species including GM1 in atmospheric pressure MALDI IMS. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.
Application of dynamic pressure probe technique to characterize a circulating fluidized bed (1999)

Abstract In this study a small diameter dynamic pressure probe was used to measure the flow characteristics and the annulus thickness in a circulating fluidized bed. The nonhomogeities of fluidization in the vertical and radial directions have been measured and the results are presented in a new way, as dynamic pressure against time. The diagrams reveal that the flow can, under certain conditions, exhibit significant reversals in the core areas. Particle size distribution in the vertical direction was also studied by using the quick‐closing valve technique. The pilot scale riser was cylindrical and the particles were typical FCC catalyst.
Data from mTOR Inhibition Improves Antitumor Effects of Vaccination with Antigen-Encoding RNA (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;Vaccination with &lt;i&gt;in vitro&lt;/i&gt; transcribed RNA encoding tumor antigens is an emerging approach in cancer immunotherapy. Attempting to further improve RNA vaccine efficacy, we have explored combining RNA with immunomodulators such as rapamycin. Rapamycin, the inhibitor of mTOR, was used originally for immunosuppression. Recent reports in mouse systems, however, suggest that mTOR inhibition may enhance the formation and differentiation of the memory CD8&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt; T-cell pool. Because memory T-cell formation is critical to the outcome of vaccination aproaches, we studied the impact of rapamycin on the &lt;i&gt;in vivo&lt;/i&gt; primed RNA vaccine-induced immune response using the chicken ovalbumin-expressing B16 melanoma model in C57BL/6 mice. Our data show that treatment with rapamycin at the effector-to-memory transition phase skews the vaccine-induced immune response toward the formation of a quantitatively and qualitatively superior memory pool and results in a better recall response. Tumor-infiltrating immune cells from these mice display a favorable ratio of effector versus suppressor cell populations. Survival of mice treated with the combined regimen of RNA vaccination with rapamycin is significantly longer (91.5 days) than that in the control groups receiving only one of these compounds (32 and 46 days, respectively). Our findings indicate that rapamycin enhances therapeutic efficacy of antigen-specific CD8&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt; T cells induced by RNA vaccination, and we propose further clinical exploration of rapamycin as a component of immunotherapeutic regimens. &lt;i&gt;Cancer Immunol Res; 1(6); 386–92. ©2013 AACR&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Diseño de una familia de pads (1991)

Se presenta una familia de pads multivaluados estaticos CMOS cuya principal caracteristica es la reduccion de area frente a sus equivalentes binarios (entre un 40 y un 50 %), manteniendo una alta capacidad de carga (hasta 1nF en el pad de salida). Presentan ademas un bajo consumo y buenas prestaciones temporales. Su uso esta especialmente indicado para chips que necesiten gran cantidad de pines.
Isolation and characterization of a serine/threonine protein kinase SOS2 gene from Brassica napus. (2004)

A full-length cDNA of a new serine/threonine (Ser/Thr) protein kinase gene, designated as BnSOS2 (GenBank Acc. No.AY310413), was cloned from Brassica napus by rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE). The full-length cDNA of BnSOS2 was 1779 bp and contained a 1539-bp open reading frame encoding a protein of 512 amino acids. Homology analysis shows that BnSOS2 strongly resembles other Ser/Thr protein kinase genes, and that its putative protein belongs to a typical Ser/Thr kinase family. Northern blot analysis reveals that BnSOS2 is salt-inducible. Our results indicate that BnSOS2 is a new member of the plant SOS2 gene family, which may play an important role in salt tolerance of plants.
A placebo‐controlled study of intravesical pentosanpolysulphate for the treatment of interstitial cystitis (1997)

These results suggest that intravesical PPS is an effective option for the treatment of IC and shows that the intravesical application of PPS is a safe treatment with no important side-effects.
Computation Rate Optimization for STAR-RIS-Enhanced Wireless-Powered MEC (2022)

The wireless-powered mobile edge computing (MEC) has been considered as a promising approach to enhance the computation capability and prolong the lifetime of user equipments (DEs). To further improve the efficiency of energy transfer and task offloading, in this paper, a novel concept called simultaneously transmitting and reflecting reconfigurable intelligent surface (STAR-RIS) is introduced into the wireless-powered MEC. The total computation rate maximization problem is investigated by jointly optimizing the energy transfer time, UEs' resource allocation, and configuration design of STAR-RIS via a linear search algorithm based on the block coordinate decent (BCD) and successive convex approximation (SCA) techniques. Simulation results illustrate that our proposed algorithm can achieve a higher computation rate than the scheme with conventional RIS and that without local computing.
Simple laboratory methods for quantitative IR measurements of CW agents (2005)

A simple method is presented for quantitatively measuring the absorbance of chemical warfare (CW) agents and their simulants in the vapour phase. The technique is based on a standard lab-bench FTIR spectrometer, 10-cm gas cell, a high accuracy Baratron pressure manometer, vacuum pump and simple stainless-steel hardware components. The results of this measurement technique are demonstrated for sarin (GB) and soman (GD). A second technique is also introduced for the passive IR detection of CW agents in an open- air path located in a fumehood. Using a modified open-cell with a pathlength of 45 cm, open-air passive infrared measurements have been obtained for simulants and several classical CW agents. Detection, identification and quantification results based on passive infrared measurements are presented for GB and the CW agent simulant, DMMP, using the CATSI sensor which has been developed by DRDC Valcartier. The open-cell technique represents a relatively simple and feasible method for examining the detection capability of passive sensors, such as CATSI, for CW agents.