gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effect of pulsatile or continuous administration of GnRH on reproductive function of stallions. (1991)

Gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) was administered subcutaneously to reproductively normal stallions, either in a pulsatile manner (10 micrograms GnRH/2 h; n = 6) or as a continuous infusion (10 micrograms GnRH/2 h; n = 6), and in a pulsatile manner to 9 reproductively abnormal stallions, from February to July, 1988. Hormonal secretion patterns, testicular parameters and semen characteristics were monitored before and during treatment. In general, pulsatile GnRH caused a significant increase (P less than 0.05) in luteinizing hormone (LH) concentrations in the peripheral blood of normal stallions. LH levels also appeared to increase in abnormal stallions but the rise was not significant (P greater than 0.05). Stallions given GnRH by continuous infusion and the untreated control stallions did not show an increase in LH concentrations during the treatment period. None of the treatments resulted in significant increases in peripheral blood concentrations of testosterone, although individual stallions that showed an increase in LH secretion appeared to show some increase in testosterone secretion rate. In general, and for individual stallions, none of the treatments resulted in increased total scrotal width, total number of spermatozoa per ejaculate or the percentage of progressively motile spermatozoa in the ejaculate. It was concluded that although pulsatile administration of GnRH may increase the secretion rate of LH and, consequently, testosterone, this adjustment does not increase testicular size or output and motility of spermatozoa.
Correlation of leukocyte esterase detection and the presence of leukocytes in body fluids. (1982)

The Chemstrip-L test was evaluated in 249 body fluids for its ability to detect leukocytes. Three of 42 cerebrospinal fluids were positive for leukocyte esterases, of which all three were cases of culture-confirmed bacterial meningitis. After the addition of predetermined numbers of neutrophils, the lowest level of detection of neutrophils in cerebrospinal fluids was 40 per microliter. Seventy-five of 200 (38%) peritoneal fluids had positive leukocyte esterase tests. Sixty-six of 72 (89%) peritoneal fluids with 100 or greater neutrophils per microliter had positive leukocyte esterase tests. Protein content, if increased, may interfere with the results of the L-test.
Katalytische Synthese von Magnesiumhydrid unter milden Bedingungen (1980)

Für Magnesiumhydrid, das möglicherweise als reversibler Wasserstoffspeicher verwendet werden kann, wurde eine Synthese entwickelt, die unter milden Bedingungen verläuft und auch im größeren Maßstab ausgeführt werden kann. Besonders aktive Katalysatoren erhält man durch Umsetzen von Anthracenmagnesium mit Chrom-, Titan- oder Eisenhalogeniden in THF. Diese Lösungen sind bereits bei 20°C und Normaldruck katalytisch wirksam.
A printed dipole antenna for wideband circular polarization operation (2009)

In this paper, a novel printed dipole antenna for wideband circular polarization is proposed, which comprises a pair of unequal arms with a small gap which is fed by an L-shaped microstrip feedline through a via. The proposed dipole antenna geometry is arranged so that the orthogonal surface currents have the appropriate phase to provide circular polarization. The effects of various antenna parameters are discussed and analyzed. The results show the impedance bandwidth for return loss below 10 dB is about 1.3GHz from 2.49GHz to 3.79GHz or about 40.6% with respect to the centre frequency at 3.2GHz, and the 3-dB axial ratio bandwidth is about 800MHz from 2.92GHz to 3.72GHz or 24.2% with respect to the centre frequency at 3.3GHz.
Supramolecular coordination polymers using a close to ‘V-shaped’ fluorescent 4-amino-1,8-naphthalimide Tröger's base scaffold (2017)

A V-shaped 4-amino-1,8-naphthalimide derived dipyridyl ligand comprising the Tröger's base structural motif has been synthesised and subsequently used in the formation of two new supramolecular coordination polymers.
Capacity credit value calculation for centralized wind and PV bundled power (2015)

A capacity credit calculation method for wind and PV bundled power is proposed in this paper. The reliability models for wind power, PV power and load are set up by hourly data and stochastic probability distribution. The correlation between different renewable power and the correlation between renewable power and load are modeled in detail. And the complementarity between wind power and PV power is modeled. An effective load-carrying capability (ELCC) calculation based on rapid chord method is used to determine capacity credit. Monte Carlo simulation based on Latin Hyper-cube sampling and parallel computation is used for reliability assessment. The proposed method is validated in IEEE-79 system and the complementarity for wind and PV bundled power is analyzed.
Aromatic Arylation with Aryl Radicals. IV. The Kinetic Hydrogen Isotope Effect in the Aromatic Phenylation with Phenyl Radical (1972)

Abstract Anisole-4d, chlorobenzene-4d, chlorobenzene-d5, nitrobenzene-d5, m-dinitrobenzene-d4, and 1,3,5-tri-t-butylbenzene-d3 were phenylated with phenyl radical generated from PhN2BF4–NaNO2, N-nitrosoacetanilide or phenylazotriphenylmethane(PAT), and the isotope effect in these phenylations was determined. The values of kH⁄kD in the phenylations of chlorobenzene and 1,3,5-tri-t-butylbenzene are not so larger than unity, whereas that in the phenylation at the 2-position of m-dinitrobenzene with PAT was very large (∼11).
Effects of the polysaccharide chain of lipopolysaccharide in an experimental massive hepatic cell necrosis model. (1990)

著者らはPropionibacterium acnes (P. acnes)およびlipopolysaccharide (LPS)を用いる急性肝不全モデルの誘導においてLPSの多糖部分が重要な意義を有することを報告した.そこで,急性肝不全の誘導に及ぼすLPSの糖鎖の影響について解析するため,P. acnes処理後のマウスから分離した肝粘着性細胞をin vitroで糖鎖の異なったLPSまたはlipid Aで刺激し,tumor necrosis factor (TNF), interleukin 1 (IL1)およびhepatocytotoxic factorの産生に及ぼす影響について検討した.その結果,TNFおよびhepatocytotoxic factorの産生量はSalmonella minnesota (SM) R345由来のLPS投与群の方がSMR5投与群より有意に高かった.しかし,IL1については両者の有意差は見られなかった.この結果から急性肝不全の誘導にはTNFおよびhepatocytotoxic factorがより深く関与しており,IL1はあまり重要な役割を果たしていない可能性が示唆された.
Iodide-to-cation charge-transfer bands as a novel probe for evaluation of actual acceptor strengths of cations in zeolites and cation-dependent pore volume change (2001)

Iodide-to-cation charge-transfer (ITC-CT) bands have been measured for the first time in zeolites X and Y exchanged with a series of alkali metal ions and the results show that the ITC-CT band progressively red shifts with increasing the size and the number of site III cations in the supercage, which indicates that the actual acceptor strength of the cation toward iodide increases with increasing the degree of protrusion of the cation into supercages and the number of cations, and overall, with decrease in supercage volume.
Post-processing of dynamic gadolinium-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging exams of the liver: explanation and potential clinical applications for color-coded qualitative and quantitative analysis (2008)

The purpose of this article is to explain and illustrate the current status and potential applications of automated and color-coded post-processing techniques for the analysis of dynamic multiphasic gadolinium-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the liver. Post-processing of these images on dedicated workstations allows the generation of time-intensity curves (TIC) as well as color-coded images, which provides useful information on (neo)-angiogenesis within a liver lesion, if necessary combined with information on enhancement patterns of the surrounding liver parenchyma. Analysis of TIC and color-coded images, which are based on pharmacokinetic modeling, provides an easy-to-interpret schematic presentation of tumor behavior, providing additional characteristics for adequate differential diagnosis. Inclusion of TIC and color-coded images as part of the routine abdominal MRI workup protocol may help to further improve the specificity of MRI findings, but needs to be validated in clinical decision-making situations. In addition, these tools may facilitate the diagnostic workup of disease for detection, characterization, staging, and monitoring of antitumor therapy, and hold incremental value to the widely used tumor response criteria.
ABA‐Hypersensitive Germination1 encodes a protein phosphatase 2C, an essential component of abscisic acid signaling in Arabidopsis seed (2007)

The phytohormone abscisic acid (ABA) regulates physiologically important stress and developmental responses in plants. To reveal the mechanism of response to ABA, we isolated several novel ABA-hypersensitive Arabidopsis thaliana mutants, named ahg (ABA-hypersensitive germination). ahg1-1 mutants showed hypersensitivity to ABA, NaCl, KCl, mannitol, glucose and sucrose during germination and post-germination growth, but did not display any significant phenotypes in adult plants. ahg1-1 seeds accumulated slightly more ABA before stratification and showed increased seed dormancy. Map-based cloning of AHG1 revealed that ahg1-1 has a nonsense mutation in a gene encoding a novel protein phosphatase 2C (PP2C). We previously showed that the ahg3-1 mutant has a point mutation in the AtPP2CA gene, which encodes another PP2C that has a major role in the ABA response in seeds (Yoshida et al., 2006b). The levels of AHG1 mRNA were higher in dry seeds and increased during late seed maturation--an expression pattern similar to that of ABI5. Transcriptome analysis revealed that, in ABA-treated germinating seeds, many seed-specific genes and ABA-inducible genes were highly expressed in ahg1-1 and ahg3-1 mutants compared with the wild-type. Detailed analysis suggested differences between the functions of AHG1 and AHG3. Dozens of genes were expressed more strongly in the ahg1-1 mutant than in ahg3-1. Promoter-GUS analyses demonstrated both overlapping and distinct expression patterns in seed. In addition, the ahg1-1 ahg3-1 double mutant was more hypersensitive than either monogenic mutant. These results suggest that AHG1 has specific functions in seed development and germination, shared partly with AHG3.
50. Biochemical Studies on Brain Swelling (1966)

After the cats were sacrificed, immediately 67% ultra corpuscle Barium Sulfate was introduced gradually into the bilateral carotid arteries.The brain specimens were removed from intracranial space after Formarin-perfused fixation, and it was cut in serial frontal or sagittal slices.Each slice was radiographed by ultra soft X-ray.The radiograms showed perivascular leakage of opaque medium localized in pons and/or antrior portion of medulla oblongata.The brain stem hemorrhage due to raised supratentorial pressure may be resulted from arterial rupture in the place corresponding to so-called respiratory center.
Functional consequences of neuropeptide Y Y2 receptor knockout and Y2 antagonism in mouse and human colonic tissues (2003)

1 Neuropeptide Y (NPY), peptide YY (PYY) and pancreatic polypeptide (PP) differentially activate three Y receptors (Y(1), Y(2) and Y(4)) in mouse and human isolated colon. 2 The aim of this study was to characterise Y(2) receptor-mediated responses in colon mucosa and longitudinal smooth muscle preparations from wild type (Y(2)+/+) and knockout (Y(2)-/-) mice and to compare the former with human mucosal Y agonist responses. Inhibition of mucosal short-circuit current and increases in muscle tone were monitored in colonic tissues from Y(2)+/+ and Y(2)-/- mice+/-Y(1) ((R)-N-[[4-(aminocarbonylaminomethyl)phenyl)methyl]-N(2)-(diphenylacetyl)-argininamide-trifluoroacetate (BIBO3304) or Y(2) (S)-N(2)-[[1-[2-[4-[(R,S)-5,11-dihydro-6(6H)-oxodibenz[b,e]azepin-11-yl]-1-piperazinyl]-2-oxoethyl]cyclopentyl]acetyl]-N-[2-[1,2-dihydro-3,5(4H)-dioxo-1,2-diphenyl-3H-1,2,4-triazol-4-yl]ethyl]-argininamide (BIIE0246) antagonists. 3 Predictably, Y(2)-/- tissues were insensitive to Y(2)-preferred agonist PYY(3-36) (</=100 nM), but unexpectedly Y(4)-preferred PP responses were right-shifted probably as a consequence of elevated circulating PP levels, particularly in male Y(2)-/- mice (Sainsbury et al., 2002). 4 BIBO3304 and BIIE0246 elevated mucosal ion transport, indicating blockade of inhibitory mucosal tone in Y(2)+/+ tissue. While BIBO3304 effects were unchanged, those to BIIE0246 were absent in Y(2)-/- mucosae. Neither antagonist altered muscle tone; however, BIIE0246 blocked NPY and PYY(3-36) increases in Y(2)+/+ basal tone. BIBO3304 abolished residual Y(1)-mediated NPY responses in Y(2)-/- smooth muscle. 5 Tetrodotoxin significantly reduced BIIE0246 and PYY(3-36) effects in Y(2)+/+ mouse and human mucosae, but had no effect upon Y-agonist contractile responses, indicating that Y(2) receptors are located on submucosal, but not myenteric neurones. 6 Tonic activation of submucosal Y(2) receptors by endogenous NPY, PYY or PYY(3-36) could indirectly reduce mucosal ion transport in murine and human colon, while direct activation of Y(2) receptors on longitudinal muscle results in contraction.
Industrial Hygiene and Control Technology Assessment of Ion Implantation Operations (1986)

Ion implantation is a process used to create the functional units (pn junctions) of integrated circuits, photovoltaic (solar) cells and other semiconductor devices. During the process, ions of an impurity or a "dopant" material are created, accelerated and imbedded in wafers of silicon. Workers responsible for implantation equipment are believed to be at risk from exposure to both chemical (dopant compounds) and physical (ionizing radiation) agents. In an effort to characterize the chemical exposures, monitoring for chemical hazards was conducted near eleven ion implanters at three integrated circuit facilities, while ionizing radiation was monitored near four of these units at two of the facilities. The workplace monitoring suggests that ion implantation operators routinely are exposed to low-level concentrations of dopants. Although the exact nature of dopant compounds released to the work environment was not determined, area and personal samples taken during normal operating activities found concentrations of arsenic, boron and phosphorous below OSHA Permissible Exposure Limits (PELs) for related compounds; area samples collected during implanter maintenance activities suggest that a potential exists for more serious exposures. The results of badge dosimetry monitoring for ionizing radiation indicate that serious exposures are unlikely to occur while engineering controls remain intact. All emissions were detected at levels unlikely to result in exposures above the OSHA standard for the whole body (1.25 rems per calendar quarter). The success of existing controls in preventing worker exposures is discussed. Particular emphasis is given to the differential exposures likely to be experienced by operators and maintenance personnel.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Reservoir Modeling Using Multiple-Point Statistics (2001)

Abstract Two approaches are traditionally used to build numerical models for facies distributions within a reservoir. Pixel-based techniques aim at generating simulated realizations that honor the well data values, and reproduce a given variogram which models two-point spatial correlation. However, because the variogram cannot look at spatial continuity between more than two locations at a time, pixel-based algorithms give poor representations of the actual facies geometries. In contrast, object-based techniques allow reproducing crisp geometries, but the conditioning on well data requires iterative "trial-and-error" corrections, which can be time-consuming, particularly when the data are dense with regard to the average object size. This paper presents a new approach that combines the easy conditioning of pixel-based algorithms with the ability to reproduce "shapes" of object-based techniques, without being too time and memory demanding. In this new approach, the complex geological structures expected to be present in the reservoir are characterized by multiple-point statistics, which express joint variability at many more than two locations at a time. Such multiple-point statistics cannot be inferred from typically sparse well data but could be read from training images depicting the expected subsurface heterogeneities. A training image need not carry any locally accurate information on the reservoir; it need only reflect a prior stationary geological/structural concept. Thus training images can be generated by object-based algorithms freed of the constraint of data conditioning. The multiple-point statistics inferred from the training image(s) are then exported to the reservoir model, where they are anchored to the well data using a pixel-based sequential simulation algorithm. This algorithm is tested for the simulation of a turbidite system where flow is controlled by meandering channels with cross-bedding. The training image reflecting the channel patterns is an unconditional realization generated by an object-based algorithm. The final simulated numerical models reproduce these channel patterns, and honor exactly all well data values at their locations. The methodology proposed appears to be practical, general, and fast.
Experimental evaluation of an ultrafast free-space optical analog-to-digital conversion scheme using a tunable semiconductor laser (2004)

Using a tunable semiconductor laser diode and an array of diffractive optical elements (DOEs), a time-continuous, free-space optical analog to digital converter (ADC) with five bits of resolution was experimentally evaluated. The signal to be A/D-converted was fed to the tuning sections of a grating coupled twin-guide sampled reflector (GCSR) laser diode, giving a quasi-continuous tuning range of 10 nm that spanned 40 longitudinal modes. The 32 central modes were mapped to specific digital output values by first converting wavelength to deflection angle using a diffraction grating and then focusing on an array of beam splitting DOEs. Each DOE element generated a five-spot digital code word in the detector plane. Using Gray code, only one code bit changed value at a time. Thus, the beam could straddle two adjacent DOE elements without large read out errors. Furthermore, the grating components of the elements in the DOE array were all in-phase to keep the spot focused when such straddling occurs. The SNR of a converted 10 MHz sine signal covering 23 modes was 21 dB, mainly limited by tuning hysteresis. This SNR corresponds to 3.2 effective bits. The laser's analog tuning bandwidth was found to be 45 MHz, probably limited by the carrier lifetime in the passive tuning sections, but we also measured the ADC performance at 100 MHz. As the studied ADC system is time-continuous, the sampling was done in the digital domain.
Frustrated Lewis-Pair-Meditated Selective Single Fluoride Substitution in Trifluoromethyl Groups (2020)

Single fluoride substitution in trifluoromethylarenes is an ongoing synthetic challenge that often leads to "over-reaction", where multiple fluorides are replaced. Development of this reaction would allow simple access to a vast range of difluoromethyl derivatives of current interest to pharmaceutical, agrochemistry, and materials sciences. Using a catalytic frustrated Lewis pair approach, we have developed a generic protocol that allows a single substitution of one fluoride in trifluoromethyl groups with neutral phosphine and pyridine bases. The resulting phosphonium and pyridinium salts can be further functionalized via nucleophilic substitution, photoredox coupling, and electrophilic transfer reactions allowing the generation of a vast array of difluoromethyl products.
Ring-Expansion Living Cationic Polymerization of Vinyl Ethers (2015)

ヘミアセタールエステル結合が導入された環状分子を開始剤，SnBr4をルイス酸触媒として組合せることで，環拡大リビングカチオン重合を実現した．生成ポリマーは多峰性のSEC曲線を与えたが，重合の進行とともに高分子側にシフトし，成長種が不可逆に失活することなく重合が進行していることが示唆された．生成したポリマーを酸で加水分解すると，ピークトップ分子量が明確に増加したこと，また 1H NMR，MALDI-TOF-MASSによる生成ポリマーの構造解析結果から，生成ポリマーが狙いどおりの環状鎖であることが示された．SEC曲線の多峰性は，分子鎖間の可逆的な交換連鎖による「環融合」によると推察され，加水分解後に非常に狭い分子量分布が得られたことから，ヘミアセタールエステル結合あたりの分子量はよく制御されていることがわかった．また，環拡大ブロック共重合も可能であった．
Analysis and design of regular structures for robust dynamic fault testability (1991)

The authors analyze various regular structures such as adders, arithmetic logic units, comparators, multipliers, and parity generators to determine if they are testable for dynamic faults, or how they can be modified to be testable for dynamic faults while still maintaining good area and performance characteristics. In addition to minimizing the area and delay, another key consideration is to get designs which can be scaled to an arbitrary number of bits while still maintaining complete testability. In each case, the emphasis is on obtaining circuits which are fully path-delay-fault testable. In the process of design modification to produce fully robustly testable structures, the authors derive a number of new composition rules that allow cascading individual modules while maintaining robust testability under dynamic fault models. Where complete robust path-delay-fault testability is not achievable without significant area or speed penalties, methods of obtaining circuits that are fully testable in weaker fault models, such as transistor stuck-open-fault and robust gate-delay-fault, are analyzed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermentation product improves robustness of equine gut microbiome upon stress (2023)

Taken together, these observations led us to conclude that treatment with SCFP resulted in more robust and stable microbial profiles in horses after stress challenge.
Thermal Program Desorption Mass Spectrometry of PAHs from Mineral and Organic Surfaces (2004)

This research investigated the release of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from spiked materials using thermal desorption mass spectrometry. Experimental methods were developed to obtain real-time PAH desorption data through use of a thermal program desorption probe. Data analysis techniques were investigated to explore the thermal desorption profiles of milligram-size samples. Peak temperatures of desorption were observed to vary among PAHs and among sorbents. For the same absorbent, peak temperatures increased with an increase of PAH molecular weights. For the same PAH, peak temperatures increased as the sorbent varied from sand to alumina to XAD-4 to kaolin. These results have been interpreted in terms of a combined model that include both an activation energy and a desorption/volatilization rate coefficient.
NASA Strategy to Safely Live and Work in the Space Radiation Environment (2007)

This viewgraph document reviews the radiation environment that is a significant potential hazard to NASA's goals for space exploration, of living and working in space. NASA has initiated a Peer reviewed research program that is charged with arriving at an understanding of the space radiation problem. To this end NASA Space Radiation Laboratory (NSRL) was constructed to simulate the harsh cosmic and solar radiation found in space. Another piece of the work was to develop a risk modeling tool that integrates the results from research efforts into models of human risk to reduce uncertainties in predicting risk of carcinogenesis, central nervous system damage, degenerative tissue disease, and acute radiation effects acute radiation effects.
Automatic keyword selection for keyword search development and tuning (2014)

In this paper, we investigate the problem of automatically selecting textual keywords for keyword search development and tuning on audio data for any language. Briefly, the method samples candidate keywords in the training data while trying to match a set of target marginal distributions for keyword features such as keyword frequency in the training or development audio, keyword length, frequency of out-of-vocabulary words, and TF-IDF scores. The method is evaluated on four IARPA Babel program base period languages. We show the use of the automatically selected keywords for the keyword search system development and tuning. We show also that search performance is improved by tuning the decision threshold on the automatically selected keywords.