gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
MANα1-2MAN decorated liposomes enhance the immunogenicity induced by a DNA vaccine against BoHV-1 (2020)

New technologies in the field of vaccinology arise as necessity for treatment and control of many diseases. Currently modified live virus and inactivated vaccines used for Bovine Herpesvirus-1 (BoHV-1) have several disadvantages. Previous works for preventive treatment of BoHV-1 with DNA based vaccines have demonstrated the capability to induce humoral and cellular immune response. Nevertheless, it is well known that “naked” DNA induces low immunogenic response. Thus, loading of antigen encoding DNA sequences in liposomal formulations targeting dendritic cell receptors could be a promising strategy to better activate these antigen presenting cells (APC). In this work, DNA based vaccine encoding the truncated version of gD glycoprotein (pCIgD) of BoHV-1 was investigated alone and upon encapsulation on liposomal formulation coated with MANα1-2MAN-PEG-DOPE and LPS from Brucella ovis (pCIgD-Man-L) in mice and cattle assay. Results showed that the use of pCIgD-Man-L was capable to enhance the immune response in both animal models. Significant levels of humoral immunity were achieved when total antibody titers and isotypes were detected in sera and mucosa. For cellular immunity, specific viral lymphoproliferation was detected in the animals inoculated with pCIgD-Man-L. In addition, positively modulation of CD40 molecules on the surface of bovine dendritic cells (DCs) was observed when cells were stimulated and activated with vaccine formulations. When challenge assay was performed, bovines inoculated with pCIgD and liposome decorated with MANα1-2MAN-PEG-DOPE elicited better protection and diminished viral excretion. The results demonstrate the targeting of the MANα1-2MAN coated liposomes toward dendritic cells and their ability to boost the immunogenicity according to an adjuvant effect that results in long-lasting immunity. Liposome decorated with MANα1-2MAN-PEG-DOPE were for the first time tested as DNA based vaccine in cattle as preventive treatment of BoHV-1. These results open up new perspectives for the design of vaccine for the control of bovine rhinotracheitis.
Beta-Blocker and Renin–Angiotensin System Inhibitor Combination Therapy in Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction and Prediabetes or Diabetes Who Underwent Successful Implantation of Newer-Generation Drug-Eluting Stents: A Retrospective Observational Registry Study (2020)

Long-term clinical outcomes in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and prediabetes or diabetes who received ß-blockers (BB) and renin-angiotensin system inhibitor (RASI) therapy after successful newer-generation drug-eluting stent (DES) implantation are limited. We compared the two-year clinical outcomes in such patients. A total of 9466 patients with AMI in the Korea AMI Registry were classified into six groups according to their glycemic status and presence or absence of BB + RASI therapy: normoglycemia and BB + RASI users (<i>n</i> = 2217) or nonusers (<i>n</i> = 243), prediabetes and BB + RASI users (<i>n</i> = 2601) or nonusers (<i>n</i> = 306), and diabetes and BB + RASI users (<i>n</i> = 3682) or nonusers (<i>n</i> = 417). The primary endpoint was major adverse cardiac events (MACEs) defined as all-cause death, recurrent myocardial infarction (Re-MI), or any repeat revascularization, and the secondary endpoint was the cumulative incidence of hospitalization for heart failure (HHF). In patients with BB + RASI, despite similar primary and secondary clinical points between the prediabetes and diabetes groups, the cumulative incidence of Re-MI (adjusted hazard ratio: 1.660; 95% confidence interval: 1.000-2.755; <i>p</i> = 0.020) was higher in the diabetes group than in the prediabetes group. In all three different glycemic groups, BB + RASI users showed reduced MACEs, cardiac death, and HHF compared to those of BB + RASI nonusers. In this retrospective observational registry study, BB + RASI therapy showed comparable clinical outcomes except for Re-MI between prediabetes and diabetes in patients with AMI during a two-year follow-up period.
Precise flip chip assembly using electroplated AuSn20 and SnAg3.5 solder (2006)

In order to reduce costs in packaging especially for optoelectronic devices technologies are desirable that enable precise assembly at low cost. A flip chip assembly approach is presented using the self-alignment mechanism in combination with mechanical stops. Besides eutectic AuSn20 solder (80 wt.-% Au, T <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">m</sup> = 280 degC) which is widely used in optoelectronics the eutectic SnAg3.5 solder (96.5wt.-% Sn, T <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">m</sup> = 221 degC) was tested as an alternative which is compatible to organic substrates. Both types of solder bumps were deposited using electroplating and were reflowed prior to flip chip assembly. The phase transformations taking place during the reflow of Au/Sn solder bumps are described. Furthermore, flip chip reflow soldering experiments of test vehicles using AuSn20 and SnAg3.5 solder proved that it is possible to achieve self-alignment in three directions. The final position of the chips in regard to the substrates was solely determined by the mechanical stops on both chip and substrate side being in direct contact to each other
Sacred Books of the Buddhists Series (Pali Text Society, London): Minor Anthologies III - Chronicle of Buddhas (Buddhavamsa) and Basket on Conduct (Cariyapitaka). Tr. I. B. Horner. and Minor Anthologies IV - Stories of the Mansions (Vimanavatthu) and Stories of the Departed (Petavatthu). Tr. I. B. Horner and H. S. Gehman. (1980)

Sacred Books of the Buddhists Series (Pali Text Society, London): Minor Anthologies III - Chronicle of Buddhas (Buddhavamsa) and Basket on Conduct (Cariyapitaka). Tr. I. B. Horner. PP. lvi + 108; xvi + 52. £6.75. Minor Anthologies IV - Stories of the Mansions (Vimanavatthu) and Stories of the Departed (Petavatthu). Tr. I. B. Horner and H. S. Gehman. PP. xxv + 159; xiv + 110. £4.50
Dynamics of thin vortex rings (2008)

As part of a long-range study of vortex rings, their dynamics, interactions with boundaries and with each other, we present the results of experiments on thin core rings generated by a piston gun in water. We characterize the dynamics of these rings by means of the traditional equations for such rings in an inviscid fluid suitably modifying them to be applicable to a viscous fluid. We develop expressions for the radius, core size, circulation and bubble dimensions of these rings. We report the direct measurement of the impulse of a vortex ring by means of a physical pendulum.
Iron Sulfide Solubility Measurement and Modeling Over Wide Ranges of Temperatures, Ionic Strength, and pH (2022)

Summary Iron sulfides constitute a diverse group of solid phases and aqueous complexes, many of which are critical in both natural and industrial processes, such as marine sedimentation, oil and gas productions, metallic equipment corrosion by hydrogen sulfide, and water treatment, to mention a few. As the fundamental basis of related research on iron sulfides, an accurate thermodynamic model for iron sulfide solubility prediction under wide ranges of conditions (e.g., water compositions, temperature, pressure, and pH) is required. In this study, a plug flow reactor was built to measure iron sulfide solubility at various temperatures (25–90°C), pH (5.9–6.9), and ionic strength (0.150–4.27 mol/kg). Using the mackinawite solubility data measured in this study and in literature, a new Pitzer theory-based thermodynamic model with the explicit presence of ion complexes was developed. In this model, a neutral aqueous ion complex, FeSaq, was included explicitly. The mackinawite solubility product constant was fitted with a temperature-dependent equation from 23 to 125°C: pKsp,m=−94.97+4,444TK+14.64×ln(TK), with TK as temperature in Kelvin. This model can accurately predict the mackinawite solubility with standard error of estimate (SEE) of the mean SI = ±0.015 SI units, under wide ranges of temperature (23–125°C), pH (3.16–9.66), ionic strength (0–5 mol/kg water), and Fe(II) to S(-II) molar ratio (from 1:1,000 to 10,000:1). The Gibbs free energy and enthalpy of formation for mackinawite were also derived. This new model could help improve FeS scaling and corrosion control in complicated industrial systems, as well as the sulfide-related heavy metal transport in natural aqueous systems.
Polylysine Produced byStreptomyces (1977)

Journal Article Polylysine Produced by Streptomyces Get access Shoji Shima, Shoji Shima Department of Agricultural Chemistry, College of Agriculture, University of Osaka Prefecture, Sakai, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Heiichi Sakai Heiichi Sakai Department of Agricultural Chemistry, College of Agriculture, University of Osaka Prefecture, Sakai, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Agricultural and Biological Chemistry, Volume 41, Issue 9, 1 September 1977, Pages 1807–1809, https://doi.org/10.1080/00021369.1977.10862764 Published: 01 September 1977 Article history Received: 16 May 1977 Published: 01 September 1977
Stable sulfur ylides. IV. Reaction of dimethylsulfonium acetylmethoxycarbonylmethylide and dimethylsulfonium diactylmethylide with quinoline 1-oxide. (1975)

Dimethylsulfonium acetylmethoxycarbonylmethylide (Ia) was found to react with quinoline 1-oxide (II) in the presence of benzoyl chloride to give three compounds : 1-methoxycarbonyl-2-oxo-3-(2-quinolyl)-1, 2-dihydropyrrolo[1, 2-α]quinoline (III), 1-methoxycarbonyl-2-oxo-1, 3-di (2-quinolyl)-1, 2-dihydropyrrolo[1, 2-α]quinoline (IV), and 2-benzoyloxy-1-methoxycarbonyl-3-(2-quinolyl) pyrrolo[1, 2-α]quinoline (V). Similarly, the reaction of dimethylsulfonium diacetylmethylide (Ib) with II gave 4-benzoyl-1-methyl-2-methylthio-3-oxo-3H-pyrido[1, 2-α]quinoline (XII).
Weit entfernt... oder näher als vermutet? - Zum Stand der Religionspädagogik in der Schweiz und im Kanton Zürich (2011)

Das Ziel der folgenden überblickshaften Darstellung besteht weniger darin, Fremdheitserfahrungen gegenüber dem sehr spezifischen eidgenössischen religionspädagogischen Kontext&#13;\nzu erzeugen als vielmehr, für weiterreichende religionspädagogische Entwicklungstendenzen zu sensibilisieren, die sich im hiesigen Zusammenhang bereits abbilden, vor denen sich aber auch andere Regionen und Länder dauerhaft wohl kaum abschotten können. Insofern kann man von der hiesigen Situation sicherlich auch prospektiv lernen, was geschehen kann, wenn sowohl von öffentlicher und bildungspolitischer wie von kirchlicher Seite aus die Plausibilitäten konfessioneller Bildung am Ort der Schule nicht mehr sichergestellt sind und welche religionspädagogischen Strategien und Konzeptionen hier – sowohl für die zukünftige schulische wie kirchliche Bildung – möglich sind.
Preparation of sharp‐melting hard palm midfraction and its use as hard butter in chocolate (2001)

Abstract Preparation of hard palm midfractions (PMF) and its use as a cocoa butter equivalent ingredient were studied. Hard PMF is obtained by multistep fractionation of palm oil involving dry fractionation (DF) and/or solvent fractionation (SF), usually using hexane or acetone. From our experience, in acetone, a polar solvent, symmetrical 1,3‐disaturated triacylglycerols tend to selectively crystallize more than nonsymmetrical 1,2‐ or 2,3‐disaturated triacylglycerols, making it suitable for obtaining the solid midfraction. Unfortunately, triacylglycerols are very soluble in hexane, and temperatures at least 15 degrees lower than those required for acetone must be used for equivalent crystal yields. On the other hand, DF is a less expensive and safer process. Thus, multistep fractionation combining DF and SF using acetone was developed to achieve sufficient removal of high‐melting components, and further enrichment of 1,3‐dipalmitoyl‐2‐oleoylglycerol and the hard PMF was obtained by triple‐step fractionation of palm olein or double‐step fractionation of soft PMF. Compared to conventional hard PMF, this hard PMF had a steeper melting curve and better snapping and sharp‐melting qualities when used in chocolate. Heat resistance of the hard PMF chocolate was similar to the conventional hard PMF chocolate, and its bloom resistance could be improved by adding polyglycerol fatty acid esters.
Thin filament regulation of shortening velocity in rat skinned skeletal muscle: effects of osmotic compression. (1988)

1. Maximum shortening velocity (Vmax) was examined in skinned single fibres from rat slow-twitch soleus muscles at various degrees of Ca2+ activation of the thin filament, in the presence and absence of osmotic compression induced by 5% dextran. 2. At maximal levels of Ca2+ activation, Vmax remained constant as the extent of shortening was varied, with values averaging 1.43 +/- 0.05 muscle lengths/s (mean + S.E.M., n = 13). When thin filament activation was reduced by lowering the concentration of Ca2+, unloaded shortening consisted of an initial high-velocity phase for extents of shortening in the range 20-80 nm/half-sarcomere, and a subsequent low-velocity phase for greater extents of shortening. 3. In the absence of dextran, Vmax in the high-velocity phase of shortening was relatively invariant over a wide range of activation; however, at very low levels of activation, yielding tensions less than 5% of the peak value. Vmax declined precipitously. In contrast, fibres compressed radially with dextran to diameters comparable to those of intact fibres demonstrated a marked decrease in Vmax in the high-velocity phase when thin filament activation was varied over a wide range. These findings are consistent with the idea that cross-bridges in the expanded filament lattice of skinned fibres do not bear as great an axial compressive force as in intact fibres (Goldman & Simmons, 1986; Goldman, 1987) but instead buckle as the fibre shortens. 4. The value of Vmax in the low-velocity phase of shortening decreased as thin filament activation was reduced in both control and osmotically compressed fibres. The low-velocity phase, which occurred only at reduced levels of thin filament activation, may be a manifestation of a population of slowly dissociating crossbridges which with shortening become negatively strained and oppose contraction.
Crystal identification in positron emission tomography using nonrigid registration to a Fourier-based template (2008)

Modern positron emission tomography (PET) detectors are typically made from 2D modular arrays of scintillation crystals. Their characteristic flood field response (or flood histogram) must be segmented in order to correctly determine the crystal of annihilation photon interaction in the system. Crystal identification information thus generated is also needed for accurate system modeling as well as for detailed detector characterization and performance studies. In this paper, we present a semi-automatic general purpose template-guided scheme for the segmentation of flood histograms. We first generate a template image that exploits the spatial frequency information in the given flood histogram using Fourier-space analysis. This template image is a lower order approximation of the flood histogram, and can be segmented with horizontal and vertical lines drawn midway between adjacent peaks in the histogram. The template is then registered to the given flood histogram by a diffeomorphic polynomial-based warping scheme that is capable of iteratively minimizing intensity differences. The displacement field thus calculated is applied to the segmentation of the template resulting in a segmentation of the given flood histogram. We evaluate our segmentation scheme for a photomultiplier tube based PET detector, a detector with readout by a position-sensitive avalanche photodiode (PSAPD) and a detector consisting of a stack of photomultiplier tubes and scintillator arrays. Further, we quantitatively compare the performance of the proposed method to that of a manual segmentation scheme using reconstructed images of a line-source phantom. We also present an adaptive method for distortion reduction in flood histograms obtained for PET detectors that use PSAPDs.
Feasibility of Piezoelectric Actuation with a Reduced Number of Drivers: A Periodic Control Approach (2009)

The problem of controlling several piezoelectric actuators using a smaller number of power drivers is considered. A multiplexed arrangement is examined where power and control are applied cyclically to subsets of actuators, introducing periodicity in the dynamics of the controlled plant. A model for the multiplexed scheme along with a periodic quadratic regulator are presented, as well as an observer-based arrangement. The feasibility of the proposed technique is demonstrated experimentally by using a single power driver to control a cantilever beam fitted with three piezoelectric actuators.
LSO:Ce Inorganic Scintillators are Biocompatible with Neuronal and Circuit Function (2019)

Abstract Optogenetics is widely used in neuroscience to control neural circuits. However, non-invasive methods for light delivery in brain are needed to avoid physical damage caused by current methods. One potential strategy could employ x-ray activation of radioluminescent particles (RPLs), enabling localized light generation within the brain. RPLs composed of inorganic scintillators can emit light at various wavelengths depending upon composition. Cerium doped lutetium oxyorthosilicate (LSO:Ce), an inorganic scintillator that emits blue light in response to x-ray or UV stimulation, could potentially be used to control neural circuits through activation of channelrhodopsin-2 (ChR2), a light-gated cation channel. Whether inorganic scintillators themselves negatively impact neuronal processes and synaptic function is unknown, and was investigated here using cellular, molecular, and electrophysiological approaches. As proof of principle, we applied UV stimulation to 4 μm LSO:Ce particles during whole-cell recording of CA1 pyramidal cells in acutely prepared hippocampal slices from mice that expressed ChR2 in glutamatergic neurons. We observed an increase in frequency and amplitude of spontaneous excitatory postsynaptic currents (EPSCs), indicating UV activation of ChR2 and excitation of neurons. Importantly, we found that LSO:Ce particles have no effect on survival of primary mouse cortical neurons, even after 24 hours of exposure. In extracellular dendritic field potential recordings, we observed no change in strength of basal glutamatergic transmission up to 3 hours of exposure to LSO:Ce microparticles. However, there was a slight decrease in the frequency of spontaneous EPSCs in whole-cell voltage-clamp recordings from CA1 pyramidal cells, with no change in current amplitudes. No changes in the amplitude or frequency of spontaneous inhibitory postsynaptic currents (IPSCs) were observed. Finally, long term potentiation (LTP), a synaptic modification believed to underlie learning and memory and a robust measure of synaptic integrity, was successfully induced, although the magnitude was slightly reduced. Together, these results show LSO:Ce particles are biocompatible even though there are modest effects on baseline synaptic function and long-term synaptic plasticity. Importantly, we show that light emitted from LSO:Ce particles is able to activate ChR2 and modify synaptic function. Therefore, LSO:Ce inorganic scintillators are potentially viable for use as a new light delivery system for optogenetics.
Structural features of bovine colostral immunoglobulin that confer proteolytic stability in a simulated intestinal fluid (2020)

Bovine colostral antibodies, purified from cow's milk produced immediately after calving, have enhanced resistance to degradation by intestinal proteases relative to antibodies from human or bovine serum, making them of particular interest as orally administered therapeutic agents. However, the basis of this resistance is not well defined. We evaluated the stability of AVX-470, a bovine colostral anti-tumor necrosis factor (TNF) polyclonal antibody used in early clinical studies for treatment of ulcerative colitis, using conditions that mimic the human small intestine. AVX-470 was degraded ∼3 times more slowly than human IgG antibodies or infliximab (a monoclonal mouse-human chimeric IgG). Bovine IgG1 antibodies, the primary component of AVX-470, were slowly cleaved to F(ab')<sub>2</sub> fragments. In contrast, bovine IgG2 and human IgG1 antibodies were cleaved rapidly into Fab and smaller fragments, pointing to specific regions where additional stability might be gained. Infliximab was modified to incorporate the sequences from these regions, including the bovine IgG1 hinge region and a predicted disulfide bonding motif linking the upper hinge region, the CH1 domain, and the light chain. This infliximab-bovine IgG1 chimera (bovinized infliximab) retained the antigen binding and neutralization activity of the WT sequence but was degraded 9-fold more slowly than the unmodified infliximab. This remarkable increase in stability with as few as 18 amino acid substitutions suggests that this bovinization process is a means to enable oral delivery of proven therapeutic antibodies as well as novel antibodies to targets that have been previously inaccessible to therapies delivered by injection.
Electrically switchable achromatic liquid crystal polarization gratings on reflective substrates (2008)

We have experimentally demonstrated broadband light modulation by achromatic liquid crystal (LC) polarization gratings (PGs), which manifest polarization-independent modulation with high efficiencies (&ge;95%). Recently, we introduced achromatic PGs with a unique double-layer, reversed-twist structure as efficient, broadband polarizing beamsplitters. We now report on our successful implementation of electrically switchable achromatic LCPGs on a reflective substrate. To pattern a spiraling, periodically varying LC profile, we utilize polarization holography and photoalignment techniques. Use of reflective substrates enables the same retardation compensation of double-layer achromatic PGs. In addition, perhaps most importantly, the single cell structure allows the electro-optical switching/modulation by applying an electric field across the cell. The achromatic LCPG sample shows steeper voltage responses and less spectral shifts while operating in grayscale with respect to previously reported LCPGs. Relatively faster switching times (~6 msec for 3 &mu;m-thickness) were measured compared to a conventional LCPG with the same thickness (~10 msec). Interesting electro-optical behaviors were also observed including zero-voltage threshold and a hysteresis in the voltage response.
A study of oxygen absorption kinetics in ionic Cu(I) aqueous solutions (1996)

Abstract We developed the oxidation reaction of Cu(I) ion in aqueous hydrochloric solution by oxygen in a gas‐lift capillary bubble column. The method of gas‐liquid absorption with chemical reaction was used. Test data confirmed that the rate constant of the reaction is strongly affected by solution compositions, and that chloride ions induce an inhibition effect. The kinetical orders found are equal to 1 and 2 for oxygen and Cu(I) respectively. The influence of temperature on reaction rate constant showed the existence of a maximum value between 303 and 313K. The effect of gas‐liquid of gas‐liquid system on the liquid‐side mass transfer coefficient k L was also investigated.