gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Activating Mutations of the TSH Receptor (2004)

Mechanisms of activation of G protein-coupled receptor by the agonist, are supposed to rely on release from structural constraints, then allowing the "relaxed" receptor to activate the G protein. By analogy with experimental works on alpha1b adrenergic receptor, showing that mutations could result in constitutive activation of the receptor, it was hypothezised, that similar but spontaneous somatic mutations of the Thyrotropin-receptor could be the cause of thyroid toxic adenomas. This hypothesis has been confirmed. Furthermore, the rare cases of familial non autoimmune hyperthyroidism have been shown to be caused by germline mutations of Thyrotropin receptor, as well as the cases of non autoimmune neonatal hyperthyroidism. Beside the constitutive activation of the Thyrotropin-receptor a case of sensitization of the Thyrotropin-receptor to hCG by a mutation in the extracellular domain has been identified as the cause of familial gestational hyperthyroidism. All those mutation studies have been helpful in understanding the mechanisms of activation of glycoproteic hormones. A first model had been proposed, according to datas obtained from these mutations. In this model, the extracellular domain of the receptor exerts an inhibitory action on the transmembrane domain, and this interaction has to be disrupted to allow for activation of the receptor. However, recent experimental datas suggest that interaction between extracellular domain and transmembrane domain are more complex than just inhibitory, and that upon activation, the extracellular domain may convert from an inhibitory structure to an activating one.
Predispensed gradient matrices – a new rapid method of finding crystallization conditions (1994)

Predispensed gradient matrices allow the boundary between precipitate and clear solution to be located very rapidly for a particular protein and precipitant. In many cases crystals grow in the trials which were used to identify this boundary. The method involves dispensing a series of between 10 and 72 microbatch trials in which some parameter, such as precipitant concentration, is gradually changed. (Protein is not dispensed at this stage.) Protein is then added to selected trials using a predetermined algorithm, which takes into account the level of precipitation caused by previous additions. Thirteen crystal forms were obtained using the method with eight proteins and eight precipitants. Six forms were prisms or plates with maximum dimensions above 400 microm.
Characterization of the Formation of Branched Short-Chain Fatty Acid：CoAs for Bitter Acid Biosynthesis in Hop Glandular Trichomes (2013)

)作为底层。两 HlCCLs 跳跃 valerophenone synthase (HlVPS ) ，在腺的毛状体强烈被表示并且对细胞质局部性。有在酵母的 HlVPS 的 HlCCL2 和 HlCCL4 的合作表示导致了 acylphloroglucinols (为痛苦的酸生合成的直接先锋) 的重要生产， whichfurther 在 vivo 证实了这二 HlCCLs 的生物化学的功能。在线粒体催化 CCL 的反向的反应的 thioesterase 的功能的鉴定，和 thecomprehensive，基因的分析包含了 BCAA 分解代谢，支持了 cytosolic CoA ligases 在腺的毛状体为 linkingBCAA 降级和痛苦的酸生合成被要求的想法。进化和另外的可能的生理的 rolesof 分叉短链的丰满的酸: 在 planta 的 CoA ligases 也是 discussed.Key 词：
Intracellular trafficking in Plasmodium-infected erythrocytes (1998)

The past few years have witnessed considerable progress in molecular and biochemical studies of intracellular trafficking in malaria-infected red cells. Highlights include the identification of solute channels in the vacuolar membrane and the red blood cell membrane, a tubovesicular membrane network that delivers exogenous nutrients and drugs to the parasite, and parasite gene families that mediate adherence to endothelial cells and red cells.
Detailed comparison of cross-phase modulation efficiency in offset quantum well and centered quantum well intermixed monolithically integrated widely-tunable MZI-SOA wavelength converters (2005)

We investigate experimentally the cross-phase modulation efficiencies of monolithic tunable all-optical wavelength converters in both offset quantum-well and centered quantum-well intermixed InP integration platforms. CQW exhibit 60% higher efficiency with full 180 degree phase change possible.
Monitoring device of resin curing process (2016)

The presented article introduces a system for resin curing monitoring. The system is based on a combined sensor built on a ceramic substrate containing a heating element for independent surface heating, interdigital electrodes, and a Pt1000 thermistor for precise temperature measurements. The idea of the simple resin curing monitoring device is based on a small amount of tested resin being applied directly to the sensor surface. After the resin has been applied to the surface, a controlled heating process begins together with the measurement of the electrical properties of the resin, usually the impedance. The curing process is thus monitored and graphically plotted on the connected PC.
Integrated waveguide sensor utilizing organic photodiodes (2011)

Abstract We present a novel optical sensor platform, combining monolithically integrated ring‐like sensor waveguides together with ring‐shaped thin‐film organic photodiodes (OPDs) on one substrate. The OPDs serve as integrated light detectors, simplifying the detection system by minimizing the number of required optical components. The waveguide structures, including a means of coupling light in and out of the waveguides, serve as sensing elements. The functionality of the concept is demonstrated by an integrated carbon dioxide sensor, utilizing absorbance as sensing principle. The integrated optical sensor platform is suitable for the parallel detection of multiple parameters in a single sensor chip using sensor arrays. (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH &amp; Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Potential immunomodulatory effects of latent toxoplasmosis in humans (2011)

Latent toxoplasmosis has immunomodulatory effects in human and probably protects men against some classes of immunopathological diseases. The main limitation of the present study was the absence of the data on the immunoreactivity of immune cells subpopulations. Therefore further studies are needed to search for indices of immunosuppression in human using more specific markers.
Tesco Grocery 1.0, a large-scale dataset of grocery purchases in London (2020)

We present the Tesco Grocery 1.0 dataset: a record of 420 M food items purchased by 1.6 M fidelity card owners who shopped at the 411 Tesco stores in Greater London over the course of the entire year of 2015, aggregated at the level of census areas to preserve anonymity. For each area, we report the number of transactions and nutritional properties of the typical food item bought including the average caloric intake and the composition of nutrients. The set of global trade international numbers (barcodes) for each food type is also included. To establish data validity we: i) compare food purchase volumes to population from census to assess representativeness, and ii) match nutrient and energy intake to official statistics of food-related illnesses to appraise the extent to which the dataset is ecologically valid. Given its unprecedented scale and geographic granularity, the data can be used to link food purchases to a number of geographically-salient indicators, which enables studies on health outcomes, cultural aspects, and economic factors.
An approach to image recognition using sparse filter graphs (1989)

An approach to image recognition using 2-D Gabor functions for combined image sampling and feature extraction has been developed. Feature vectors are constructed from Gabor convolutions with the image at different orientations and spatial resolutions. These hierarchical collections of feature vectors can be arranged into different data structures called pyramids and miniblocks. The relative performance tradeoffs between pyramids and miniblocks are discussed. Computation is drastically reduced by sparse sampling of the image and retention of feature vectors with the highest information content. A simple metric is defined for determining information content and for matching input with stored patterns. This system has been successfully used to recognize tanks from their infrared images.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Production of extended plasma channels in atmospheric air by amplitude-modulated UV radiation of GARPUN-MTW Ti : sapphire—KrF laser. Part 2. Accumulation of plasma electrons and electric discharge control (2013)

The problem of the production of extended (~1 m) plasma channels is studied in atmospheric air by amplitude-modulated laser pulses of UV radiation, which are a superposition of a subpicosecond USP train amplified in a regenerative KrF amplifier with an unstable confocal resonator and a quasi-stationary lasing pulse. The USPs possess a high (0.2–0.3 TW) peak power and efficiently ionise oxygen molecules due to multiphoton ionisation, and the quasi-stationary lasing pulse, which has a relatively long duration (~100 ns), maintains the electron density at a level ne = (3–5) × 1014 cm—3 by suppressing electron attachment to oxygen. Experiments in laser triggering of high-voltage electric discharges suggest that the use of combined pulses results in a significant lowering of the breakdown threshold and enables controlling the discharge trajectory with a higher efficiency in comparison with smooth pulses. It was shown that controlled breakdowns may develop with a delay of tens of microseconds relative to the laser pulse, which is many orders of magnitude greater than the lifetime of free electrons in the laser-induced plasma. We propose a mechanism for this breakdown, which involves speeding-up of the avalanche ionisation of the air by negative molecular oxygen ions with a low electron binding energy (~0.5 eV) and a long lifetime (~1 ms), which are produced upon cessation of the laser pulse.
Enthalpy Landscape Dictates the Irradiation-Induced Disordering of Quartz (2017)

A physically sound understanding of how radiation-induced damage originates and accumulates in a material has long eluded researchers. New simulations show that the roughness of the enthalpy landscape determines the extent of this damage.
Silyl Radicals in Polymers and Materials (2004)

This chapter contains sections titled: Polysilanes Oxidation Studies on Silyl-substituted Silicon Hydrides Functionalization of Poly(hydrosilane)s Silylated Fullerenes Radical Chemistry on Silicon Surfaces References
A sensitivity analysis of a radiological assessment model for Arctic waters (1997)

A model based on compartment analysis has been developed to simulate the dispersion of radionuclides in Arctic waters for an assessment of doses to man. The model predicts concentrations of radionuclides in the marine environment and doses to man from a range of exposure pathways. A parameter sensitivity analysis has identified components of the model that are potentially important contributors to the predictive accuracy of doses to individuals of critical groups as well as to the world population. The components investigated include features associated with water transport and mixing, particle scavenging, water-sediment interaction, biological uptake, ice transport and fish migration. Two independent evaluations of the release of radioactivity from dumped nuclear waste in the Kara Sea have been used as source terms for the dose calculations.
Ischemic but Not Pharmacological Preconditioning Requires Protein Synthesis (2000)

Background —Ischemic preconditioning (IPC) and pharmacological preconditioning (PPC) have both been shown to confer cardioprotective effects. However, the role of protein synthesis in preconditioning is unclear. Methods and Results —Isolated rabbit hearts were treated with cycloheximide (CHx, 10 μmol/L), a protein synthesis inhibitor at the translational level, before 2 cycles of IPC (5 minutes of global ischemia/5 minutes of reperfusion, n=6) or PPC by pinacidil (PIN, 10 μmol/L; n=6), an ATP-sensitive potassium channel opener. Six rabbit hearts received actinomycin D (Act D, 20 μmol/L; n=6), a protein synthesis inhibitor at the transcriptional level, before IPC. The left anterior descending coronary artery was then occluded for 60 minutes and reperfused for 120 minutes. Control hearts received no treatment before prolonged ischemia (n=6). Left ventricular pressure, action potential duration, and coronary flow were measured. Infarct size is expressed as a percentage of the area at risk. IPC (n=6) and PIN (n=8) hearts experienced reduced infarct size compared with control hearts (22±3% and 27±2% versus 46±3%, IPC and PIN versus control; P &lt;0.01). Translational blockade (CHx) reversed the IPC infarct size reduction effect (22±3% versus 48±4%, IPC versus CHx+IPC; P &lt;0.01) but not the effects of pinacidil (27±2% versus 29±3%, PIN versus CHx+PIN; P =NS). Transcriptional blockade (Act D) did not abolish the IPC effect (23±5% versus 22±3%, Act D+IPC versus IPC; P =NS). There were no significant differences in electromechanical function consequent to CHx and Act D treatment. Conclusions —These findings suggest an important role for protein synthesis in the mechanism for IPC-mediated protection at the translational level, which may be different from PPC.
Hepatitis B immunity in a population of drug and alcohol users (2007)

The objective of this study was to determine the level of immunity from Hepatitis B infection in an Australian population of drug and alcohol users, and the validity of self-reported immune status. A cross-sectional survey was employed of drug and alcohol users presenting for treatment, who were clients of De Paul House, a community-based drug and alcohol withdrawal service in Victoria. Outcome measures were: hepatitis B serology and personal reports of hepatitis B immunity. A total of 118 people were enrolled; 22% were injecting drug users and 48% reported past injecting drug use, while 55% were alcohol users; 51% had no general practitioner; 73% of participants were unaware of whether they were protected from hepatitis B infection, while 19.5% believed they were protected. However, serology demonstrated that 52.2% of those who believed they were protected were not immune. Only 21% of participants were immune. This is the first study in an Australian setting since the 1970s to examine the effectiveness of vaccination targeted to this population, and demonstrates low rates of immunity. New strategies are needed to deliver vaccination to this group. These will need to take account of the often chaotic nature of their lives, the poor validity of self-reported immunity, and the lack of primary care links.
ChemInform Abstract: N‐Chlorosuccinimide Promoted Direct C(sp2)—H Bond Thiolation of the Methoxybenzenes with Thiophenols. (2016)

Abstract The metal, oxidant and ligand free procedure tolerates various functional groups.
Effect of Temperature Drop and Photoperiod on Cold Resistance in Young Cucumber Plants - Involvement of Phytochrome B (2008)

The aim of this work was to study the importance of day length and the involvement of phytochrome B in plant responses to temperature drop. Experiments were conducted with the cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) phytochrome B deficient mutant (lh) and the wild type (WT) under two photoperiods: short day (SD, 10 h at a PPFD of 180 μmol·s -1 ·m -2 ) and long day (LD, 16 h, 115 μmol·s -1 ·m -2 ). The following temperature treatments were used under both photoperiods for 6 days at the stage of first true leaf: constant temperature of 20°C (control), 12°C (long-term treatment) and temperature drop to 12°C for 2, 4, 6 or 8 h at the end of night and for 2 h at the beginning of the day under LD (drop treatments). Temperature drop was more efficient than a constant low temperature in increasing cold resistance under both photoperiods. LD increased the potential of the plants to develop a high cold resistance in response to a temperature drop. Maximal effect of temperature drop on the petiole length decreasing in the night was accompanied by the maximal cold resistance increment. The lh mutant showed the same cold resistance as the WT when grown at 20°C, but developed systematically lower cold resistance in response to a drop treatment in the night period than the WT. There was no effect of temperature drop duration in the night on cold resistance in lh mutant under both photoperiods but in WT under SD the cold resistance decreased with increasing duration during the night, while under LD it increased. The results suggest that phytochrome B is required for a maximum increase in cold resistance in cucumber under drop treatment.
The impact of PKR activation: from neurodegeneration to cancer (2014)

An inverse association between cancer and neurodegeneration is plausible because these biological processes share several genes and signaling pathways. Whereas uncontrolled cell proliferation and decreased apoptotic cell death governs cancer, excessive apoptosis contributes to neurodegeneration. Protein kinase R (PKR), an interferon-inducible double-stranded RNA protein kinase, is involved in both diseases. PKR activation blocks global protein synthesis through eIF2α phosphorylation, leading to cell death in response to a variety of cellular stresses. However, PKR also has the dual role of activating the nuclear factor κ-B pathway, promoting cell proliferation. Whereas PKR is recognized for its negative effects on neurodegenerative diseases, in part, inducing high level of apoptosis, the role of PKR activation in cancer remains controversial. In general, PKR is considered to have a tumor suppressor function, and some clinical data show a correlation between suppressed or inactivated PKR and a poor prognosis for several cancers. However, other studies show high PKR expression and activation levels in various cancers, suggesting that PKR might contribute to neoplastic progression. Understanding the cellular factors and signals involved in the regulation of PKR in these age-related diseases is relevant and may have important clinical implications. The present review highlights the current knowledge on the role of PKR in neurodegeneration and cancer, with special emphasis on its regulation and clinical implications.
The role of acoustic ground sensors in multi-sensor surveillance systems (2004)

814-865-871 1 Abstract - Acoustic ground sensors have an extensive history for tactical surveillance. During World War II, prior to the invention of radar, acoustic sensors were used as early warning devices to detect the approach of bombers. Subsequently, acoustic sensors have been used in multiple conflicts for surveillance to detect people, ground vehicles, and airborne vehicles. Detection, identification, and localization capabilities have become increasingly sophisticated with improvements in acoustic antenna, signal processing and pattern recognition techniques. Despite these improvements, ground-based acoustic sensors have often been viewed as unreliable and inaccurate due to wide variability of performance due to atmospheric conditions (viz., winds, temperature gradients, etc.). In this paper we argue that advances in information processing of ground-based acoustic sensor data make these sensors a valuable component of heterogeneous multi-sensor surveillance systems. The Joint Directors of Laboratories (JDL) data fusion process model is introduced, and the role of ground-based acoustic sensors described for each function within the JDL processing model.
A Quantum Computing Implementation of Nuclear-Electronic Orbital (NEO) Theory: Towards an Exact pre-Born-Oppenheimer Formulation of Molecular Quantum Systems (2023)

Nuclear quantum phenomena beyond the Born-Oppenheimer approximation are known to play an important role in a growing number of chemical and biological processes. While there exists no unique consensus on a rigorous and efficient implementation of coupled electron-nuclear quantum dynamics, it is recognised that these problems scale exponentially with system size on classical processors and therefore may benefit from quantum computing implementations. Here, we introduce a methodology for the efficient quantum treatment of the electron-nuclear problem on near-term quantum computers, based upon the Nuclear-Electronic Orbital (NEO) approach. We generalize the electronic two-qubit tapering scheme to include nuclei by exploiting symmetries inherent in the NEO framework; thereby reducing the hamiltonian dimension, number of qubits, gates, and measurements needed for calculations. We also develop parameter transfer and initialisation techniques, which improve convergence behavior relative to conventional initialisation. These techniques are applied to H$_2$ and malonaldehyde for which results agree with Nuclear-Electronic Orbital Full Configuration Interaction and Nuclear-Electronic Orbital Complete Active Space Configuration Interaction benchmarks for ground state energy to within $10^{-6}$ Ha and entanglement entropy to within $10^{-4}$. These implementations therefore significantly reduce resource requirements for full quantum simulations of molecules on near-term quantum devices while maintaining high accuracy.
Developing an Automatic Vision based Abdominal Muscle Extraction and Analysis Method from Ultrasonography (2016)

Analyzing abdominal muscles and measuring useful associated morphological features is important in many clinical researches. While ultrasonography is a non-invasive reliable tool for such tasks, it may cause the experimenter dependent subjective diagnosis thus a computer vision based automatic muscle detector/analyzer is much needed in this area. In this paper, we propose such an automatic vision based method using a series of image processing algorithms. The novelty of our method is to extract internal oblique muscle from abdominal ultrasonographic image which was excluded in previous study due to their irregular features. Previously, we used Mask searching method to restore vague part of abdominal image but the third layer of muscle (transverse abdominis) was not clearly extracted because of the image distortion in the process. In order to analyze muscle morphometric features like the thickness, the second layer (internal oblique muscle) should also be extracted correctly thus we develop a new muscle extraction process that includes extracting the second layer by using unsharp masking. Extraction of transverse abdominis is also improved by developing a new data structure Both-Map in candidate search process. In that process, we save the morphological features of initially extracted muscle area and later such information is used to restore the fascia area with various image processing techniques to extract target muscle accurately. The effectiveness of the proposed method is verified by the practical diagnostic field of rehabilitation in the extraction accuracy and the magnitude of the muscle thickness measurement error that lies within 0.02cm in more than 60% of cases used in the experiment. Keywords: Muscle extraction, muscle analysis, abdominal ultrasonography, fascia features.
Comparative profiles of the antinociceptive and constipating effects of single intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) bolus doses of morphine, morphine-6-glucuronide and fentanyl in rats Kuo A, Hemstapat K, Wyse BD, Smith MT (2008)

We identify unique phosphorylation barcodes associated with DVL function. Our data provide an example of functional synergy between phosphorylation in structured domains and unstructured IDRs that together dictate the biological outcome. Video Abtract.