gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Agent-based redispatch for real-time overload relief in electrical transmission systems (2015)

Increasing uncertainties in power system operation require novel approaches for utilizing operational flexibility to enable a both secure and efficient power supply. This paper presents a real-time coordination approach for adaptive redispatch of generation and load in case of overloads in the electrical transmission network. For this, a previously developed multi-agent system for coordinating power flow controlling devices is extended by novel agent behaviors enabling a distributed decision making on adequate redispatch. Main features of the approach are its real-time adaptivity to unforeseen network conditions (e.g., (N-k)-cases) and its automated deployment of the controllability of future smart grids. By this, storages, demand side management and distributed generation in the distribution grid can support operational security of the transmission network in alert or emergency network conditions. Provision of such remedial actions is also of economic value as it enables a less constrained system operation due to the ability to meet uncertainties by flexibility. The applicability of the approach is demonstrated in a co-simulation of the MAS and a dynamic power system simulation.
European Drug Policy: The Cases of Portugal, Germany, and The Netherlands (2012)

Drug abuse is a problem that reaches all corners of the globe. In Europe, the case is no different. The author examines how the incorporation of different drug policy methods affects illicit drug use in Portugal, Germany and The Netherlands.
ChemInform Abstract: PALLADIUM‐CATALYZED FORMYLATION OF ARYL HETEROCYCLIC, AND VINYLIC HALIDES (1975)

Abstract Die Bromide (I) werden in Gegenwart von Tri‐n‐butyl‐ oder Triäthylamin und dem Pd‐Komplex (II) mit einem CO‐H2‐Gemisch bei 80 bis 150°C über die sich wahrscheinlich zunächst bildenden Organo‐Pd‐Verbindungen zu den Aldehyden (III) formyliert.
Effect of Estrogen on Heteronemin-Induced Anti-proliferative Effect in Breast Cancer Cells With Different Estrogen Receptor Status (2021)

Estrogen (E<sub>2</sub>) has multiple functions in breast cancers including stimulating cancer growth and interfering with chemotherapeutic efficacy. Heteronemin, a marine sesterterpenoid-type natural product, has cytotoxicity on cancer cells. Breast cancer cell lines, MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231, were used for investigating mechanisms involved in inhibitory effect of E<sub>2</sub> on heteronemin-induced anti-proliferation in breast cancer cells with different estrogen receptor (ER) status. Cytotoxicity was detected by cell proliferation assay and flow cytometry, gene expressions were determined by qPCR, mechanisms were investigated by Western blot and Mitochondrial ROS assay. Heteronemin exhibited potent cytotoxic effects against both ER-positive and ER-negative breast cancer cells. E<sub>2</sub> stimulated cell growth in ER-positive breast cancer cells. Heteronemin induced anti-proliferation via suppressing activation of ERK1/2 and STAT3. Heteronemin suppressed E<sub>2</sub>-induced proliferation in both breast cancer cells although some gene expressions and anti-proliferative effects were inhibited in the presence of E<sub>2</sub> in MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells with a higher concentration of heteronemin. Heteromenin decreased the <i>Bcl-2/Bax</i> ratio to inhibit proliferation in MDA-MB-231 but not in MCF-7 cells. Both heteronemin and E<sub>2</sub> increased mitochondrial reactive oxygen species but combined treatment reversed superoxide dismutase (SOD)s accumulation in MCF-7 cells. Heteronemin caused G<sub>0</sub>/G<sub>1</sub> phase arrest and reduced the percentage of cells in the S phase to suppress cancer cell growth. In conclusion, Heteronemin suppressed both ER-positive and ER-negative breast cancer cell proliferation. Interactions between E<sub>2</sub> and heteronemin in signal transduction, gene expressions, and biological activities provide insights into the complex pathways by which anti-proliferation is induced by heteronemin in E<sub>2</sub>-replete environments.
Optimization of Ultrasonic-assisted Extraction of Fatty Acids in Seeds of Brucea Javanica (L.) Merr. from Different Sources and Simultaneous Analysis Using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography with Charged Aerosol Detection (2017)

Our research aimed to optimize the oil extraction process and determine the fatty acids in <i>Brucea javanica</i> (L.) Merr. seeds. The extraction technology was optimized using response surface methodology. A Box-Behnken design was employed to investigate the effects of three independent variables on an ultrasonic-assisted extraction technique, namely, sonication time (X₁: 20-40 min), liquid-solid ratio (X₂: 16:1 mL/g-24:1 mL/g), and ethanol concentration (X₃: 90%-100%). The optimum conditions of sonication time, liquid-solid ratio, and ethanol concentration were 40 min, 24:1 mL/g, and 100%, respectively. The content of fatty acids and the oil yield were 14.64 mg/g and 16.87%, respectively, which match well with the predicted models. The optimum number of extraction times was eventually identified as two. A new rapid method for the qualitative and quantitative analysis of the fatty acids of <i>B. javanica</i> (L.) Merr. seed oil using HPLC with a charged aerosol detector was described. The fatty acid contents of 14 batches of <i>B. javanica</i> (L.) Merr. seed oil were determined, and the relevance and difference were analyzed by fingerprint analysis. The fingerprint has five common peaks, and the similarity was greater than 0.991. HPLC analysis represents a specialized and rational approach for the quality identification and comprehensive evaluation of <i>B. javanica</i> (L.) Merr. seed oils.
Nitrate Ion Promoted Formation of Ag Nanowires in Polyol Processes: A New Nanowire Growth Mechanism (2012)

In polyol processes, it was widely accepted that Ag nanowires (NWs) were formed via uniaxial growth of multiple twinned decahedral particles (MTPs) along the {111} facets. Herein, we show that the above MTP uniaxial growth mechanism for growth of nanorods (NRs) and short nanowires (NWs) is different from that for the growth of long Ag NWs. We provide experimental evidence to show that polycrystalline long Ag NWs (up to ~100 μm) could be formed in high yield (~90%) by a completely different growth mechanism via self-assembly of Ag NPs/NRs. Transmission electron microscope (TEM) measurements show that long Ag NWs are composed of crystalline Ag NPs and NRs with multiple crystal orientations, and many NRs have crystalline structures with pentagonal cross section. Solution phase in situ X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurements show that a strained face-centered tetragonal (fct) phase was gradually formed during the formation and growth of long Ag NWs, in addition to the normal face-centered cubic (fcc) phase. The strained fct phase disappears after partial etching by HAuCl(4) and Fe(NO(3))(3). The working conditions for the MTP uniaxial growth mechanism and the current nitrate-promoted self-assembly growth mechanism will be compared and discussed.
Effect of a Supervised Exercise and Physiotherapy Program on Surgical Interventions in Children with Thermal Injury (2003)

Continuous body growth and rigidity of scars in children are significant contributors to burn scar contractures (BSCs). BSCs decrease a patient's range of motion and their ability to perform activities of daily living. A benefit of exercise is an increase the patient's ability to perform and sustain activities of daily living. Therefore, we investigated whether patients who were involved in a supervised, hospital-based exercise program, in addition to physical and occupational therapy (PTEX), would have fewer surgical interventions than a nonexercise group receiving home-delivered physical and occupational therapy (PT) alone. We examined 53 patients at 6, 9, 12, 18, and 24 months postburn. The PTEX group (n = 27) completed a 12-week supervised exercise program starting at 6 months postburn. Exercise sessions were held three times per week, with duration of 60 to 90 minutes per session. Resistance and aerobic exercises were performed at 70 to 85% of the patient's maximal effort. In contrast, the PT group (n = 26) received a home rehabilitation program with no supervised exercise. Patients were evaluated at 3-month intervals for scar formation, range of motion, and need for surgery. At 12, 18, 24 months postburn, the number of patients in the PTEX group needing release of BSC was significantly lower than the number of patients in the PT group. The results indicate that patients would receive a significant benefit if enrolled in a supervised exercise and physiotherapy program with the exercise portion consisting of an aerobic and resistance-training component. This type of program is beneficial in decreasing the number of surgical interventions and should be incorporated as part of a postburn outpatient rehabilitation.
Identification of the products of solvolysis of N-benzylpyridinium cations in the absence of nucleophiles (1986)

Mono-, tri-, and penta-cyclic N-benzylpyridinium tetrafluoroborates undergo thermolysis in chlorobenzene as solvent to give products of benzylation both of the solvent and of the pyridine leaving group. Thermolysis alone, and in nitrobenzene as solvent, yielded mainly products of benzylation of the leaving group. The results support the previously postulated mechanism of unimolecular solvolysis of compounds of these types in non-polar solvents.
Synthesis of New Sterically Hindered Anilines (2007)

Abstract Ring‐alkylated primary, secondary and tertiary anilines have been ethylated with ethylene at benzylic positions in a simple and inexpensive one‐pot procedure which is mediated bythe use of the superbase system n BuLi/LiK(OCH 2 CH 2 NMe 2 ) 2 in the presence of Mg(OCH 2 CH 2 OEt) 2 . Primary and secondary anilines are ethylated readily at ortho ‐benzylic positions but with difficulty or not at all at other positions. Tertiaryanilines are ethylated at all positions. Mono‐ or diethylation occurs depending on the steric constraints present.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH &amp; Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2007)
Characterization of glycopeptides by combining collision‐induced dissociation and electron‐transfer dissociation mass spectrometry data (2008)

Structural characterization of a glycopeptide is not easily attained through collision-induced dissociation (CID), due to the extensive fragmentation of glycan moieties and minimal fragmentation of peptide backbones. In this study, we have exploited the potential of electron-transfer dissociation (ETD) as a complementary approach for peptide fragmentation. Model glycoproteins, including ribonuclease B, fetuin, horseradish peroxidase, and haptoglobin, were used here. In ETD, radical anions transfer an electron to the peptide backbone and induce cleavage of the N-Calpha bond. The glycan moiety is retained on the peptide backbone, being largely unaffected by the ETD process. Accordingly, ETD allows not only the identification of the amino acid sequence of a glycopeptide, but also the unambiguous assignment of its glycosylation site. When data acquired from both fragmentation techniques are combined, it is possible to characterize comprehensively the entire glycopeptide. This is being achieved with a mass spectrometer capable of alternating between CID and ETD on-the-fly during an LC/MS/MS analysis. This is demonstrated here with several tryptic glycopeptides.
Morphological Butcher–Oemler Effect in the SDSS “Cut and Enhance” Galaxy Cluster Catalog (2003)

Abstract We investigated the evolution of the fractions of late-type cluster galaxies as a function of redshift using one of the largest, most uniform cluster samples available. The sample consisted of 514 clusters of galaxies in the range of $0.02 \leq z\leq 0.3$ from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey “Cut and Enhance” galaxy cluster catalog. This catalog was created using a single automated cluster-finding algorithm applied to uniform data from a single telescope, with accurate CCD photometry, thus minimizing the selection biases. We used four independent methods to analyze the evolution of the late-type galaxy fraction. Specifically, we selected late-type galaxies based on each of the rest-frame $g-r$ color, the $u-r$ color, galaxy profile fitting, and the concentration index. The first criterion corresponds to that used in classical Butcher–Oemler analyses. The last two criteria are more sensitive to the morphological type of galaxies. In all four cases, we find an increase in the fraction of late-type galaxies with increasing redshift, significant at the 99.9% level. The results confirm that cluster galaxies do change colors with redshift (the Butcher–Oemler effect) and, in addition, they change their morphology to later-type toward a higher redshift — indicating a morphological equivalence of the Butcher–Oemler effect. We also found a tendency of richer clusters to have lower fractions of late-type galaxies. This trend is consistent with a ram-pressure stripping model, where galaxies in richer clusters are affected by stronger ram pressure due to the higher temperature of clusters.
Gene conversion in steroid 21-hydroxylase genes. (1990)

The steroid 21-hydroxylase gene, CYP21B, encodes cytochrome P450c21, which mediates 21-hydroxylation. The gene is located about 30 kb downstream from pseudogene CYP21A. The CYP21A gene is homologous to the CYP21B gene but contains some mutations, including a C----T change which leads a termination codon, TAG, in the eighth exon. We found the same change in a mutant CYP21B gene isolated from a patient with 21-hydroxylase deficiency. Furthermore, a reciprocal change--i.e., a T----C change in the eighth exon of the CYP21A gene--was observed in the Japanese population and was associated with the two HLA haplotypes, HLA-B44-DRw13 and HLA-Bw46-DRw8. These changes may be considered the result of gene conversion-like events.
Research of drive model on electric vehicle (2011)

Drive model of electric vehicle (Ev) experienced from internal combustion engines to electric motors, to computer-controlled wheel motor-driven. At present there are several problems, such as without power consumption, small mileage, the high cost of manufacturing and use, and so on. To improve reliability, reduce costs, increase mileage, improve ride comfort, the paper designs a new Ev drive model by the DC wheel motors in series. Automatic differential speed by motors in series, remove drive by short-circuit switch, enhance drive voltage by voltage booster, CVT by PWM of the model. The model can achieve the differential of the process of turning or walking, CVT and the differential remove. Vehicles using the model have the advantage of comfortable, reliable, useful, and so on. The model can completely replace the current common model.
Interfacial Slip Violations in Polymer Solutions:  Role of Microscale Surface Roughness (2003)

Violations of the no-slip hydrodynamic boundary condition are investigated in polymer solutions using gap-dependent shear flow measurements between parallel plates. Solutions of high molar mass, 3.8 × 106 ≤ Mw ≤ 20.06 × 106, narrow molecular weight distribution polystyrene, PS, in diethyl phthalate, DEP (a good solvent of low volatility), are the main focus of the study. Violations of the no-slip condition in these systems are evident from an apparent reduction in solution viscosity as the plate separation is reduced. Viscosity measurements at multiple plate separations allow the slip velocity Vs and slip extrapolation length b to be quantified. This article reports b and Vs for polymer solutions over a wide range of shear stress and solution concentrations, 0.025 ≤ φ ≤ 0.079, that is, for polymer solutions spanning the range from marginally entangled to highly entangled liquids. For the most entangled solutions studied, extremely large extrapolation lengths, b > 200 μm, are observed. Extrapolation lengths b ranging from 2 to 30 μm are observed for less entangled PS/DEP solutions, indicating that significant levels of slip are possible even in moderately entangled polymer liquids. The extrapolation length is also reported to manifest a nonmonotonic but universal dependence on shear stress for the solutions studied. These observations are compared with expectations for slip by polymer depletion, adhesive failure, and polymer disentanglement processes. The effect of surface roughness on slip violations is also investigated using parallel plate fixtures roughened by attaching a single layer of micro- or nanosized silica glass spheres. Surfaces with root-mean-square (rms) roughness, Rq, ranging from molecularly smooth to macroscopically rough, 9 nm ≤ Rq ≤ 1.4 × 104 nm, are created using this procedure. We find that rms surface roughness Rq ≥ 0.65Rg effectively eliminates interfacial slip violations in entangled polymer solutions. This finding is discussed in terms of the mechanism of slip in entangled polymer systems.
Immune Responses to Adenovirus and Adeno-Associated Vectors Used for Gene Therapy of Brain Diseases: The Role of Immunological Synapses in Understanding the Cell Biology of Neuroimmune Interactions (2007)

Researchers have conducted numerous pre-clinical and clinical gene transfer studies using recombinant viral vectors derived from a wide range of pathogenic viruses such as adenovirus, adeno-associated virus, and lentivirus. As viral vectors are derived from pathogenic viruses, they have an inherent ability to induce a vector specific immune response when used in vivo. The role of the immune response against the viral vector has been implicated in the inconsistent and unpredictable translation of pre-clinical success into therapeutic efficacy in human clinical trials using gene therapy to treat neurological disorders. Herein we thoroughly examine the effects of the innate and adaptive immune responses on therapeutic gene expression mediated by adenoviral, AAV, and lentiviral vectors systems in both pre-clinical and clinical experiments. Furthermore, the immune responses against gene therapy vectors and the resulting loss of therapeutic gene expression are examined in the context of the architecture and neuroanatomy of the brain immune system. The chapter closes with a discussion of the relationship between the elimination of transgene expression and the in vivo immunological synapses between immune cells and target virally infected brain cells. Importantly, although systemic immune responses against viral vectors injected systemically has thought to be deleterious in a number of trials, results from brain gene therapy clinical trials do not support this general conclusion suggesting brain gene therapy may be safer from an immunological standpoint.
Enthalpy and entropy differences between the forms of simple heterocyclic aldehydes in carbon tetrachloride solution (1970)

D. J. Chadwick and G. D. Meakins, J. Chem. Soc. D, 1970, 637 DOI: 10.1039/C29700000637
Rare presentation of a squamous cell carcinoma originating from gastric compartment 1 in an alpaca (2020)

A twenty-year-old, male, intact alpaca with a history of anorexia, progressive weakness and recumbency was euthanized because of a poor prognosis and clinical deterioration. The animal was submitted for necropsy at the pathology department of Dierengezondheidszorg Vlaanderen (DGZ) diagnostic lab. A full necropsy was performed and showed a large firm white mass measuring 18x8x10 cm attached to the dorsal wall of gastric compartment 1 (C1) and expanding to the abdominal aorta. Miliary small white metastatic nodules were present on the pleura and peritoneum (carcinomatosis). Multiple small white metastatic nodules were also present in the parenchyma of the liver. On histological investigation, this neoplasia was characterized as squamous cell carcinoma (SCC).
Modeling Massive RFID Data Sets: A Gateway-Based Movement Graph Approach (2009)

Massive radio frequency identification (RFID) data sets are expected to become commonplace in supply chain management systems. Warehousing and mining this data is an essential problem with great potential benefits for inventory management, object tracking, and product procurement processes. Since RFID tags can be used to identify each individual item, enormous amounts of location-tracking data are generated. With such data, object movements can be modeled by movement graphs, where nodes correspond to locations and edges record the history of item transitions between locations. In this study, we develop a movement graph model as a compact representation of RFID data sets. Since spatiotemporal as well as item information can be associated with the objects in such a model, the movement graph can be huge, complex, and multidimensional in nature. We show that such a graph can be better organized around gateway nodes, which serve as bridges connecting different regions of the movement graph. A graph-based object movement cube can be constructed by merging and collapsing nodes and edges according to an application-oriented topological structure. Moreover, we propose an efficient cubing algorithm that performs simultaneous aggregation of both spatiotemporal and item dimensions on a partitioned movement graph, guided by such a topological structure.
Numbered sequence detection in documents (2009)

We present in this work a method to detect numbered sequences in a document. The method relies on the following steps: first, all potential "numbered patterns" are automatically extracted from the document. Secondly, possible coherent sequences are built using pattern incrementality (called incremental relation). Finally possible wrong links between items are corrected using the notion of optimization context. An evaluation of the method is presented and weaknesses and possible improvements are discussed.
Effect of degree of crosslinking and polymerization of 3D printable polymer/ionic liquid composites on performance of stretchable piezoresistive sensors (2017)

Ionic liquid (IL)/polymer composites (1-ethyl-3-methyl-imidazolium tetrafluoroborate (EMIMBF4)/2-[[(butylamino)carbonyl]oxy]ethyl acrylate (BACOEA)) were fabricated to use as sensing materials for stretchable piezoresistive tactile sensors. The detectability of the IL/polymer composites was enhanced because the ionic transport properties of EMIMBF4 in the composites were improved by the synergic actions between the coordinate sites generated by the local motion of BACOEA chain segments under enough activation energy. The performance of the piezoresistive sensors was investigated with the degree of crosslinking and polymerization of the IL/polymer composites. As the compressive strain was increased, the distance between two electrodes decreased, and the motion of polymer chains and IL occurred, resulting in a decrease in the electrical resistance of the sensors. We have confirmed that the sensitivity of the sensors are affected by the degree of crosslink and polymerization of the IL/polymer composites. In addition, all of the materials (skins, sensing material, and electrode) used in this study are photo-curable, and thus the stretchable piezoresistive tactile sensors can be successfully fabricated by 3D printing.
EBSD Characterization of Microstructures in Dynamically Deformed Pb-Sn Solder. (2007)

Abstract not provided.