gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Recombination hot spot in a 3.2-kb region of the Charcot-Marie-Tooth type 1A repeat sequences: new tools for molecular diagnosis of hereditary neuropathy with liability to pressure palsies and of Charcot-Marie-Tooth type 1A. French CMT Collaborative Research Group. (1996)

Charcot-Marie-Tooth type 1A (CMT1A) disease and hereditary neuropathy with liability to pressure palsies (HNPP) are autosomal dominant neuropathies, associated, respectively, with duplications and deletions of the same 1.5-Mb region on 17p11.2-p12. These two rearrangements are the reciprocal products of an unequal meiotic crossover between the two chromosome 17 homologues, caused by the misalignment of the CMT1A repeat sequences (CMT1A-REPs), the homologous sequences flanking the 1.5-Mb CMT1A/HNPP monomer unit. In order to map recombination breakpoints within the CMT1A-REPs, a 12.9-kb restriction map was constructed from cloned EcoRI fragments of the proximal and distal CMT1A-REPs. Only 3 of the 17 tested restriction sites were present in the proximal CMT1A-REP but absent in the distal CMT1A-REP, indicating a high degree of homology between these sequences. The rearrangements were mapped in four regions of the CMT1A-REPs by analysis of 76 CMT1A index cases and 38 HNPP patients, who where unrelated. A hot spot of crossover breakpoints, located in a 3.2-kb region, accounted for three-quarters of the rearrangements, detected after EcoRI/SacI digestion, by the presence of 3.2-kb and 7.8-kb junction fragments in CMT1A and HNPP patients, respectively. These junction fragments, which can be detected on classical Southern blots, permit molecular diagnosis. Other rearrangements can also be detected by gene dosage on the same Southern blots.
Supplementary Figure 6 from Integrated Profiling of Basal and Luminal Breast Cancers (2023)

Supplementary Figure 6 from Integrated Profiling of Basal and Luminal Breast Cancers
The Reaction between Lithium and Diphenylacetylene (1941)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Reaction between Lithium and DiphenylacetyleneLee Irvin Smith and Harvey H. HoehnCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1941, 63, 5, 1184–1187Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1941Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1941https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01850a006https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01850a006research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views790Altmetric-Citations81LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
BROADBAND LINEAR POWER AMPLIFIERS USING PUSH-PULL TRANSISTORS (1993)

Linear power amplifier operation, as used in SSB transmitters, places stringent distortion requirements on the high-power stages. To meet these distortion requirements and to attain higher power levels than can be generally achieved with a single transistor, a push-pull output configuration is often employed. Although parallel operation can often meet the power output demands, the push-pull mode offers improved even-harmonic suppression making it the better choice. The exact amount of even-harmonic suppression available with push-pull stages is highly dependent on several factors, the most significant one being the matching between the two output devices. Nevertheless, even in the worst case the suppression provided in push-pull designs is superior to that of single-ended circuits. Device matching however is not limited to push-pull circuits since it is also required to a lesser degree in parallel transistor designs. Two linear power amplifier designs are to be discussed in this Application Note. The 80 Watt design is intended for mobile communications systems operating from a 12.5 V power sources. The other supplies 160 W when operated from a 28 V line and it is intended for fix location systems. Both designs cover the 3 – 30 MHz band and utilize a driver stage to provide a total power gain of about 30 dB. Each amplifier requires some amount of heat-sinking for proper operation. The 28 V amplifier requires a heat-sink with a thermal characteristic of 0.85°C/W while the 12.5 V version uses a heat-sink with a 1.40°C/W thermal resistance. With these heat-sinks, cooling fans are not required for normal conditions, since with speech operation the average power is some 15 dB below peak levels. However, if two–tone bench testing is to exceed more than a duration of a few minutes, a cooling fan should be provided. To assure ruggedness, engineering models of both amplifiers were subjected to open and short circuit output mismatches for several minutes at full power levels without any apparent damage to any of the transistors. This is very important in most equipment designs to avoid possible downtime for transistor replacements.
Imaging Mass Spectrometry Visualizes Ceramides and the Pathogenesis of Dorfman-Chanarin Syndrome Due to Ceramide Metabolic Abnormality in the Skin (2012)

Imaging mass spectrometry (IMS) is a useful cutting edge technology used to investigate the distribution of biomolecules such as drugs and metabolites, as well as to identify molecular species in tissues and cells without labeling. To protect against excess water loss that is essential for survival in a terrestrial environment, mammalian skin possesses a competent permeability barrier in the stratum corneum (SC), the outermost layer of the epidermis. The key lipids constituting this barrier in the SC are the ceramides (Cers) comprising of a heterogeneous molecular species. Alterations in Cer composition have been reported in several skin diseases that display abnormalities in the epidermal permeability barrier function. Not only the amounts of different Cers, but also their localizations are critical for the barrier function. We have employed our new imaging system, capable of high-lateral-resolution IMS with an atmospheric-pressure ionization source, to directly visualize the distribution of Cers. Moreover, we show an ichthyotic disease pathogenesis due to abnormal Cer metabolism in Dorfman-Chanarin syndrome, a neutral lipid storage disorder with ichthyosis in human skin, demonstrating that IMS is a novel diagnostic approach for assessing lipid abnormalities in clinical setting, as well as for investigating physiological roles of lipids in cells/tissues.
Antiferromagnetism in perfectly ordered L10-MnAl with stoichiometric composition and its mechanism (2020)

Manganese (Mn)-based strong magnets have long been a challenge because their 3d half-filled nature, owing to the close proximity of Mn atoms, results in antiferromagnetic ordering. Among various Mn magnetic materials, L1<sub>0</sub>-MnAl (τ-phase) has received much attention since it shows ferromagnetism at a high Curie temperature despite the very short Mn-Mn distance. However, because of the difficult synthesis of the stoichiometric and perfectly ordered τ-phase, its intrinsic magnetic properties and mechanism are unclear. Here, we show the first observation of antiferromagnetism, having sixfold magnetic superstructure along the c-axis, in stoichiometric and chemically ordered τ-phase. Moreover, we found that super-exchange interaction between Mn atoms via p-electrons of Al atoms causes antiferromagnetism in τ-phase. The ferromagnetism in the conventional Mn-rich τ-phase results from the suppression of the super-exchange interaction due to the substitution the excess Mn atoms for the Al atoms. The current study of Mn-based magnetic materials mainly focuses on the lattice constant engineering based on the simple Beth-Slater picture of direct exchange. These findings present effective ways to obtain high magnetization without antiferromagnetic ordering.
Costs of Business Cycles for Unskilled Workers (2005)

This paper reconsiders the cost of business cycles under market incompleteness. Primarily, we focus on the heterogeneity in the cost among different skill groups. Unskilled workers are subject to a much larger risk of unemployment during recessions than are skilled workers. Moreover, unskilled workers earn less income, which limits their ability to self-insure. We examine how this heterogeneity in unemployment risk and income translates into heterogeneity in the cost of business cycles. We find that the welfare cost of business cycles for unskilled workers is substantially higher than the welfare cost for skilled workers.
Reactions of tert-butoxyl radicals with acyclic ethers studied by the radical trapping technique (1994)

1,1,3,3-Tetramethyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-isoindol-2-yloxyl has been used as a radical trap to investigate the pattern of hydrogen abstraction reactions occurring in a range of acyclic ethers by tert-butoxyl radicals. The results confirm the high degree of selectivity for abstraction at C atoms adjacent to ethereal O. The presence of two α ethereal O atoms is less effective in enhancing abstraction than one. This is possibly due to a stereoelectronic effect whereby the 1,3-oxygen orbital interactions reduce the ability of either oxygen to interact effectively with the developing radical centre. Whereas the presence of an α-oxygen enhances the rate of hydrogen abstraction, the presence of a β-oxygen retards the rate of hydrogen abstraction. Abstraction at a methine C atom adjacent to ethereal O occurs at about the same rate or a little faster than at a methylene C atom, whereas abstraction at methyl groups is much slower. A temperature study of the abstraction from methyl and methylene sites in dimethoxymethane shows that the difference in abstraction rates at these sites is predominantly an entropy effect. A lower entropy of activation due to the loss of the internal rotational mode of the methyl group in the formation of the transition state is the probable reason. Ethers appear to be less reactive than alcohols in hydrogen abstraction reactions.
Agents Swarming in Semantic Spaces to Corroborate Hypotheses (2004)

To anticipate and prevent acts of terrorism, Indications and Warnings analysts try to connect clues gleaned from massive quantities of complex data. Multi-agent approaches to support Indications and Warnings are appropriate because ownership and security issues fragment the data. Furthermore, the massive scale of the data suggests the need for large numbers of agents. The Ant CAFE system uses fine-grained swarming agents to extract and organize textual evidence that corroborates hypotheses about the state of the world. Multiple swarming processes are required, including the clustering of paragraphs, identification of semantic relations in text, and assembly of evidence into structures that instantiate the hypothesis. These processes occur in semantic spaces defined using the WordNet ontology. This paper describes an Ant CAFE prototype. It describes the systemýs architecture, and provides detail on the innovative algorithm for evidence assembly. Initial experiments using artificially generated data confirm that a global property that we call clarity emerges from agent decisions made in a local, and therefore scalable, manner.
The functional and performance tolerance of GPUs to permanent faults in registers (2013)

Massively parallel many-core Graphics Processing Unit (GPU) architectures offer significant performance speedup in workloads with thread-level parallelism compared to contemporary multicore CPUs. For this reason, general-purpose computing using GPUs (GPGPU) is a rapidly expanding research direction in different contexts. Unlike graphics processing, GPGPU computing requires reliable operation in the presence of hardware faults whose occurrence probabilities in current and forthcoming advanced manufacturing technologies will be significant. In this paper, we focus on the aspect of tolerance of GPUs to permanent faults in their most critical storage elements: register files. By performing a comprehensive fault injection campaign on a cycle-accurate GPGPU architectural simulator, we first evaluate and classify the behavior of NVIDIA GPU CUDA kernels in the presence of permanent faults in registers. Moreover, we analyze the performance tolerance of GPUs when they operate in degraded mode (less hardware resources, less thread-level parallelism) due to the presence of multiple permanent faults in the registers of their streaming multiprocessors. Our findings confirm the intuitively expected tolerance of these architectures to faults and also quantify it in different configurations and modes.
Assessing Prognosis in Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer: Avenues to a More Complete Picture? (2004)

overall 5-year survival rate of 15%, investigations are proceeding on multiple fronts to improve prognosis. Studies in prevention, early detection, risk assessment, surgical staging, and genetic and proteomic profiling are attempting to define new opportunities in lung cancer detection and therapy. The discovery of new targets and the application of targeted therapies are beginning to shape our understanding of the complex pathways that operate in this disease, leading to the development of pathogenesis-based therapies. 3 Numerous studies have focused attention on improving survival in early stage non–small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Recently, cisplatin-based adjuvant chemotherapy has been found to improve survival among patients with completely resected NSCLC. 4 This group of patients constitutes an important population for intervention, with as many as 200,000 individuals worldwide potentially eligible for adjuvant therapy each year. However, it has been suggested that NSCLC, particularly adenocarcinomas, can be considered to be a group of heterogeneous clinical disorders that share some molecular and cellular characteristics, but that have variable clinical behaviors and prognoses. 5,6 Can more sophisticated measures than histopathology alone be utilized to understand the heterogeneity that leads to these diverse clinical outcomes, and then to identify high-risk groups suitable for intervention? Prognostic assessments in the postsurgical patient population have been the focus of many investigations. 5 Two
On Designing Secure and Robust Scan Chain for Protecting Obfuscated\n Logic (2020)

In this paper, we assess the security and testability of the state-of-the-art\ndesign-for-security (DFS) architectures in the presence of scan-chain\nlocking/obfuscation, a group of solution that has previously proposed to\nrestrict unauthorized access to the scan chain. We discuss the key leakage\nvulnerability in the recently published prior-art DFS architectures. This\nleakage relies on the potential glitches in the DFS architecture that could\nlead the adversary to make a leakage condition in the circuit. Also, we\ndemonstrate that the state-of-the-art DFS architectures impose some substantial\narchitectural drawbacks that moderately affect both test flow and design\nconstraints. We propose a new DFS architecture for building a secure scan chain\narchitecture while addressing the potential of key leakage. The proposed\narchitecture allows the designer to perform the structural test with no\nlimitation, enabling an untrusted foundry to utilize the scan chain for\nmanufacturing fault testing without needing to access the scan chain. Our\nproposed solution poses negligible limitation/overhead on the test flow, as\nwell as the design criteria.\n
Fabrication of Electronic Packaging Grade Cu–W Materials by High-Temperature and High-Velocity Compaction (2012)

High-velocity compaction (HVC) is a production technique that uses a high-speed punching motion on powder materials to achieve superior mechanical properties. However, as the particle size of the metal powder decreases, achieving higher density becomes increasingly challenging. For this reason, the HVC technique cannot be adopted for manufacturing W85-Cu (85wt% W and 15wt% Cu) heat sinks if the particle size of the tungsten powder is very small [Fisher sub sieve sizer (FSSS) 3 μm or finer]. In this paper, the HVC process at elevated temperature [or high-temperature high-velocity compaction (HTHVC)] was studied for W85-Cu heat sinks. Tungsten skeletons prepared by the conventional uniaxial method were further compacted by HTHVC at various elevated temperatures. The compacted tungsten skeletal blanks were then infiltrated with copper at 1350°C for 2 h. It is concluded that the HTHVC process significantly increases the density of the tungsten skeleton. The distribution of copper in the tungsten skeleton is uniform and no significant clustering is observed in the scanning electron microscopy images, and the resultant W85-Cu material possesses a relative density of 99.5%, hermeticicty of 1 × 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-10</sup> Pa m <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> /s, and thermal conductivity of 185 W/(mK). Thus the following conclusions are drawn: 1) overall, the material meets the requirement for heat sinks for electronic packaging applications; and 2) the HTHVC technique is very useful for processing W85-Cu composites for obtaining high-density composites with uniform material distribution and desirable mechanical properties.
Learning Morphosyntactic Analyzers from the Bible via Iterative Annotation Projection across 26 Languages (2019)

A large percentage of computational tools are concentrated in a very small subset of the planet’s languages. Compounding the issue, many languages lack the high-quality linguistic annotation necessary for the construction of such tools with current machine learning methods. In this paper, we address both issues simultaneously: leveraging the high accuracy of English taggers and parsers, we project morphological information onto translations of the Bible in 26 varied test languages. Using an iterative discovery, constraint, and training process, we build inflectional lexica in the target languages. Through a combination of iteration, ensembling, and reranking, we see double-digit relative error reductions in lemmatization and morphological analysis over a strong initial system.
A novel convergent synthesis of (+)-1.alpha.,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 using a chromium(II)-mediated coupling reaction (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA novel convergent synthesis of (+)-1.alpha.,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 using a chromium(II)-mediated coupling reactionSusumi Hatakeyama, Kazutoshi Sugawara, Hirotoshi Numata, and Seiichi TakanoCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1991, 56, 1, 461–463Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1991https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00001a092https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00001a092research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views283Altmetric-Citations19LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Holographic data storage system combining shift-multiplexing with peristrophic-multiplexing (2014)

Holographic data storage (HDS) is a next-generation optical storage that uses the principles of holography. The multiplex holographic recording method is an important factor that affects the recording capacity of this storage. Various multiplex recording methods have been proposed so far. In this study, we focus on shift multiplexing with spherical waves and propose a method of shift multiplex recording that combines the peristrophic multiplexed recording. Simulation and experimental verification shows that the proposed method is effective in principle.
Synthesis and Cytokine Modulation Properties of Pyrrolo[2,3-d]-4-pyrimidone Nucleosides (2000)

A series of pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidone nucleosides were synthesized and evaluated for their ability to enhance Type 2 cytokines and to suppress Type 1 cytokines in human T cells activated in vitro. Compounds 16b, 16c, 16d, 18c, and 19b induced substantial enhancement of IL-4 (a Type 2 cytokine) levels while three compounds (16b, 16c, and 16f) showed significant suppression of IFNgamma (a Type 1 cytokine) levels. The results revealed a strict structural requirement for the nucleoside-mediated enhancement of IL-4. Modifications of the ribofuranose moiety of the nucleosides either abolished or dramatically reduced the activity. Both the 5'-hydroxy and 5-carboxamidine are crucial for the activity. Of the few nucleoside analogues that demonstrated enhancement on Type 2 cytokine production, 7-(beta-D-ribofuranosyl)pyrrolo[2, 3-d]-4-pyrimidone-5-carboxamidine (16c) showed a dramatic enhancement (>200%) of IL-4 levels and a significant enhancement (36%) of IL-5 levels. Moreover, this compound showed substantial suppression of the Type 1 cytokines, IFNgamma (42%), IL-2 (54%), and TNFalpha (55%). Similarly, compound 16b showed a substantial enhancement of IL-4 (46%) and suppression of IL-2 (35%), IFNgamma (30%), and TNFalpha (26%). To our knowledge, these are the first nucleoside analogues that induce a Type 2 cytokine bias in T cells. The cytokine modulation property of 16c and 16b merits the therapeutic evaluation of these compounds in treating diseases in which immunopathology is associated with polarized Type 1 cytokine responses.
Carbonate, Polymer-supported (2002)

Physical Data: loading 3.5 mmol g−1. Solubility: the reagent is insoluble in all common aqueous and organic solvents. Form Supplied in: white and brown beads, commercially available, containing 20% water. Commercial supplier: Fluka. Purification: the polymer should be washed in dichloromethane and dried in vacuo prior to use. Handling, Storage, and Precautions: powdered resin is harmful if inhaled or ingested. Stable at room temperature.
Reviews of Books (1931)

Journal Article Reviews of Books Get access Stadtbürgertum und Adel in der Reformation. Studien zur Sozialgeschichte der Reformationa in England und Deutschland. Edited by WOLFGANG J. MOMMSEN, with PETER ALTER and ROBERT W. SCRIBNER. (Veröffentlichungen des Deutschen Historischen Instituts London, V. Stuttgart: Klett-Cotta, 1979. DM 48.) TOM SCOTT TOM SCOTT University of Liverpool Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The English Historical Review, Volume XLVI, Issue CLXXXIII, April 1931, Pages 356–359, https://doi.org/10.1093/ehr/XLVI.CLXXXIII.356 Published: 01 April 1931