gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Picosecond electron bunch length measurement by electro-optic detection of the wakefield (2003)

The longitudinal profile of an 10 nC electron bunch of a few picoseconds duration will be measured by electro-optic detection of the wakefield. The polarization of a short infrared probe laser pulse (derived from the photocathode excitation laser) is modulated in a LiTaO/sub 3/ crystal by the transient electric field of the bunch. The bunch profile is measured by scanning the delay between the laser and the bunch, and is sensitive to head/tail asymmetries. A singleshot extension of the technique is possible using a longer chirped laser pulse.
High frequency/high density build-up boards with benzocyclobutene [BCB] polymer coated Cu foil (2002)

Benzocyclobutene resin has been modified to allow fabrication of polymer coated Cu foil. New formulations show improved flexibility, flaking resistance, low tackiness, and better resin flow control during hot pressing, while keeping BCB's inherent advantages such as low moisture pick-up, high heat stability and excellent dielectric properties. BCB coated Cu foil has been laminated on FR-4 board by conventional hot press processing. Relevant build-up board processes such as laser via formation, electroless plating and drill through holes were accomplished. Test boards with a BCB build-up layer per side were evaluated and excellent reliabilities and excellent electrical performance was confirmed.
Bringing the television experience to other media in the home (2009)

In this paper we report on a study conducted in 2007 and 2008 looking at the media use habits of 27 families in the Greater London area. The project builds on previous ethnographic work studying media use within a similar group in 2006. The study investigated attitudes towards different types of media and the role Television (TV) currently plays and could play within the home environment. Following a participatory design methodology, we rapidly prototyped an experimental home media device and asked participants and use and respond to it. We explored the issues such as interactional simplicity and sharing media using a TV using the experimental device as a focal point for discussion and the generation of new ideas.
Determinación de fuerzas y campos electrostáticos mediante análisis de video (2017)

espanolUno de los problemas que se presentan en la ensenanza del electromagnetismo tanto en el bachillerato como al inicio de las carreras de ciencias e ingenierias, es el analisis experimental cuantitativo de los fenomenos electrostaticos. Priscilla Laws y otros profesores han propuesto y aplicado la tecnica de analisis de video para determinar la fuerza que actua sobre una esferita metalica electricamente cargada y suspendida de un hilo aislante, por parte de otros cuerpos de simetria sencilla (esferas, varillas, placas circulares, etc.) tambien electricamente cargados. En este trabajo presentamos resultados obtenidos mediante la modificacion de los metodos sugeridos por estos autores, asi como la determinacion del campo electrico producido por tales configuraciones de carga en la posicion que ocupa la esferita cargada, el cual puede estimarse al medir la carga electrica de esta. Consideramos que estas tecnicas son utiles porque solo requieren de instrumentos que se pueden conseguir facilmente, y ademas son faciles de aplicar por parte de estudiantes que recien inician sus estudios en esta area, permitiendoles aplicar de manera integral los conocimientos adquiridos en los cursos iniciales de fisica y matematicas. EnglishOne of the problems that arises in the teaching of electromagnetism in high school and at the beginning of science and engineering careers is the quantitative experimental analysis of electrostatic phenomena. Priscilla Laws and other professors have proposed and applied the technique of video analysis to determine the force acting on a small electrically charged metal sphere, suspended from an insulation wire, by other electrically charged bodies of simple geometry (spheres, rods, circular plates, Etc.). In this work we present results obtained by the modification of the methods suggested by these authors, as well as the determination of the electric field produced by such charge configurations at the position occupied by the small charged sphere, which can be estimated by measuring its electric charge. We consider these techniques to be useful because they only require instruments that are easy to obtain and are simple to apply by students who are beginning their studies in this area, allowing them to apply in a comprehensive way the knowledge acquired in the initial courses in physics and mathematics
Investigating impact of cardiorespiratory fitness in reducing brain tissue loss caused by ageing (2021)

Mitigating the loss of brain tissue due to age is a major problem for an ageing population. Improving cardiorespiratory fitness has been suggested as a possible strategy, but the influenceon brain morphology has not been fully characterized. To investigate the dependent shifts in brain tissue distribution as a function of cardiorespiratory fitness, we used a 3D transport-based morphometry approach. In this study of 172 inactive older adults aged 58-81 (66.5 ± 5.7) years, cardiorespiratory fitness was determined by <i>V</i> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi>O</mml:mi></mml:mrow> <mml:mrow><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:mrow> </mml:msub> </mml:math> peak (ml/kg/min) during graded exercise and brain morphology was assessed through structural magnetic resonance imaging. After correcting for covariates including age (in the fitness model), gender and level of education, we compared dependent tissue shifts with age to those due to <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mi>V</mml:mi> <mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi>O</mml:mi></mml:mrow> <mml:mrow><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:mrow> </mml:msub> <mml:mi> </mml:mi> <mml:mi>peak</mml:mi></mml:math> . We found a significant association between cardiorespiratory fitness and brain tissue distribution (white matter, <i>r</i> = 0.30, <i>P</i> = 0.003; grey matter, <i>r</i> = 0.40, <i>P</i> < 0.001) facilitated by direct visualization of the brain tissue shifts due to cardiorespiratory fitness through inverse transformation-a key capability of 3D transport-based morphometry. A strong statistical correlation was found between brain tissue changes related to ageing and those associated with lower cardiorespiratory fitness (white matter, <i>r</i> = 0.62, <i>P</i> < 0.001; grey matter, <i>r</i> = 0.74, <i>P</i> < 0.001). In both cases, frontotemporal regions shifted the most while basal ganglia shifted the least. Our results highlight the importance of cardiorespiratory fitness in maintaining brain health later in life. Furthermore, this work demonstrates 3D transport-based morphometry as a novel neuroinformatic technology that may aid assessment of therapeutic approaches for brain ageing and neurodegenerative diseases.
Fruit weight is controlled by Cell Size Regulator encoding a novel protein that is expressed in maturing tomato fruits (2017)

Increases in fruit weight of cultivated vegetables and fruits accompanied the domestication of these crops. Here we report on the positional cloning of a quantitative trait locus (QTL) controlling fruit weight in tomato. The derived allele of Cell Size Regulator (CSR-D) increases fruit weight predominantly through enlargement of the pericarp areas. The expanded pericarp tissues result from increased mesocarp cell size and not from increased number of cell layers. The effect of CSR on fruit weight and cell size is found across different genetic backgrounds implying a consistent impact of the locus on the trait. In fruits, CSR expression is undetectable early in development from floral meristems to the rapid cell proliferation stage after anthesis. Expression is low but detectable in growing fruit tissues and in or around vascular bundles coinciding with the cell enlargement stage of the fruit maturation process. CSR encodes an uncharacterized protein whose clade has expanded in the Solanaceae family. The mutant allele is predicted to encode a shorter protein due to a 1.4 kb deletion resulting in a 194 amino-acid truncation. Co-expression analyses and GO term enrichment analyses suggest association of CSR with cell differentiation in fruit tissues and vascular bundles. The derived allele arose in Solanum lycopersicum var cerasiforme and appears completely fixed in many cultivated tomato's market classes. This finding suggests that the selection of this allele was critical to the full domestication of tomato from its intermediate ancestors.
ChemInform Abstract: BLDG. VON HEXAKIS‐PENTAFLUORPHENYL‐BENZOL AUS DER RK. VON BIS‐PENTAFLUORPHENYL‐ACETYLEN UND PI‐CYCLOPENTADIENYLDICARBONYLRHODIUM (1972)

Abstract Die Umsetzung von Bis‐pentafluorphenyl‐acetylen (I) und π‐Cyclopentadienyldicarbonylrhodium (II) in siedendem Toluol oder Xylol führt unter Trimerisierung zum Hexakis‐pentafluorphenyl‐benzol (III) und zu drei weiteren Produkten, deren Struktur noch nicht ganz geklärt ist.
Considerations for the development of autologous CAR-T cell products (2021)

Successful clinical outcomes for cancer patients are leading to significant investment flowing into a wave of novel innovative CAR-T cell products currently under clinical development. Although initial drug approvals have been relatively small to date, the significant pipeline of CAR-T cell therapies currently underway will significantly expand the impact of these treatments, and unleash their genuine, unprecedented potential. These personalized therapies, however, pose unique challenges for manufacturing and commercial scale-up/out. From our perspective, we will address here some of the key challenges to establish an effective process for clinical manufacturing and beyond, namely the patient starting material (leukapheresate), the increasing commercial availability of flexible closed manufacturing platforms for autologous therapies, analytical method development, the suitability of critical raw materials and reagents as well as vector supply.
Simulated driving performance following prolonged wakefulness and alcohol consumption: separate and combined contributions to impairment (2000)

The separate and combined effects of prolonged wakefulness and alcohol were compared on measures of subjective sleepiness, simulated driving performance and drivers' ability to judge impairment. Twenty-two males aged between 19 and 35 years were tested on four occasions. Subjects drove for 30 min on a simulated driving task under conditions determined by the factorial combination of 16 and 20 h of wakefulness and blood alcohol concentrations of 0.00 and 0.08%. The simulated driving session took place 30 min postingestion; subjects in the two alcohol conditions participated in a second 30-min driving session 90-min postingestion. Subjects made simultaneous ratings of their impairment while driving and retrospective ratings at the end of each test session. Subjective sleepiness measures were completed before and after each driving session. The combination of 20 h of prolonged wakefulness and alcohol produced significantly lower ratings of subjective sleepiness and driving performance that was worse, but not significantly so, than would be expected from the additive effects of each condition alone. Driving performance was always worse in the second driving session, during the elimination phase of alcohol metabolism, despite blood alcohol concentrations being lower than during the first driving session. There was a modest association between perceived and actual impairments in driving performance following prolonged wakefulness and alcohol. The findings suggest that the combination of prolonged wakefulness and alcohol consumption produced greater decrements in simulated driving performance than each condition alone and that drivers have only a modest ability to appreciate the magnitude of their impairment.
Preparation of 1-substituted-3,3-dinitroazetidines (1999)

Abstract DNAZ (3,3-dinitroazetidine), 1, readily undergoes nucleophilic addition reactions with electron deficient haloaromatics, cyanogen bromide, S-methyl-N-nitroisothiourea and dichloroglyoxime to afford novel, energetic 1-substituted-3,3-dinitroazetidines. N-Nitrosation of DNAZ readily occurs, and Mannich condensations of DNAZ with poly-nitroalcohols are also described. The synthesis and properties of the energetic materials derived from these reactions will be discussed.
A critical approach to new forms of treatment of Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis (2002)

Most patients with inflammatory bowel disease can be managed with conventional immunosuppressive therapy. The choice of agents to prevent relapses of inflammatory bowel disease must be based on efficacy, toxicity and cost. Studies in animal models of inflammatory bowel disease indicate that chronic intestinal inflammation results from enhanced immune responses to bacteria that are present normally in the lumen. Loss of tolerance, an abnormal function or defective healing of the mucosal barrier may all give raise to chronic intestinal inflammation. This hypothesis is the basis of new therapies aimed at either decreasing the levels of luminal bacterial antigens and/or selectively blocking detrimental mucosal immune responses. Anti-TNF is an example of this novel approach that is very effective in Crohn's disease. The use of biological therapy is costly, however, and the long-term complications are not yet known. The recent increase of tuberculosis in patients treated with anti-TNF indicates that careful monitoring is necessary. It is clear that the new forms of treatment may play an important role in tailoring the appropriate drug to a specific group of patients. However, for the time being, fine-tuning in the use of conventional immunosuppression is necessary. New knowledge in the pharmacogenetics of these compounds allows improvements to be made in their use. It is to be hoped that a critical approach in the use of current and future drugs, taking into account the advances in the aetiopathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease, will contribute to the quality of life of patients with inflammatory bowel disease.
Einige einfache Reaktionen von Carbonylverbindungen (1999)

Die Carbonylgruppe1 ist eine der vielseitigsten funktionellen Gruppen, und ihre Eigenschaften und die Umwandlungsmöglichkeiten werden von den synthetisch arbeitenden Chemikern intensiv genutzt. Der Elektronegativitätsunterschied zwischen Kohlenstoff und Sauerstoff ist, da er zu einer unsymmetrischen Ladungsverteilung entlang der C=O-Doppelbindung führt, der Hauptgrund für die Reaktivität der Carbonylgruppe. Das Kohlenstoffatom weist eine positive und das Sauerstoffatom eine negative Partialladung auf (Bild 8.1). Diese Ladungstrennung macht das Kohlenstoffatom für einen Angriff eines Nucleophils anfällig, und ein Großteil des synthetischen Nutzens der C=0-Gruppe hat mit dieser Eigenschaft zu tun.
Lipoprotein lipase activity and composition of omental adipose tissue as related to lipid metabolism of the goat in late pregnancy and early lactation (1977)

Omental adipose tissue lipoprotein lipase (LPL) activity, nucleic acid con- tent and triglyceride fatty acid composition were estimated on 5 goats in late pregnancy and early lactation.These data were compared with animal production parameters, plasma metabolite contents and milk triglyceride fatty acid composition.Adipose tissue LPL activity and oleic acid content decreased whereas nucleic and stearic acid contents increased from pregnancy to lactation.Inter-goat variations were large for most parameters and emphasized a close relationship between decrease of LPL activity and decrease of omentum weight, measured on a DNA basis during that period.These decreases also correlated with parameter variations expressing the mobilization of goat body stores after parturition.Adipose tissue LPL activity of individual goats was very small in early lactation. Introduction.There are considerable changes in the fat metabolism of milk-yielding animals, particularly ruminants, during the reproductive cycle.The increase of plasma non- esterified fatty acid (NEFA) content in cows (Radloff et al., 1966 ; Decaen and Jour- net, 1967) and goats (Guessous et a/., 1974) in early lactation results from a mobiliza- tion of adipose tissue.This is confirmed by a decrease of abdominal adipose tissue weight (Tulloh, 1966) and an increase of adipocyte lipolysis (Sidhu and Emery, 1972 ; Yang and Baldwin, 1973).NEFA are thus widely used for the synthesis of milk lipids (Hartmann and Lascelles, 1964).Simultaneously, the anabolic pathways of adipose tissue such as de novo synthesis of fatty acids, plasma triglyceride fatty acid uptake and triglyceride synthesis appear lower in the cow in early lactation (Benson, 1969 ; Baldwin and Smith, 1971 ; Shirley et a/., 1973a).Owingto recent data on the subject, this study has been orientated in two directions:determination of differences in goat adipose tissue metabolism before and after parturition.Variations in adipose tissue nucleic acid and fatty acid contents have been
A Stereoselective Synthesis of (R)-(-)-rolipram from L-Glutamic Acid (1997)

A stereoselective synthesis of (R)-(-)-rolipram from L-glutamic acid is described. The key step is a stereoselective Michael addition of an arylcuprate to a modified pyroglutamic derivative which acts as the template to induce the stereoselectivity. Facile manipulation of the enantiomerically pure Michael product afforded the expected therapeutic agent.
Dual-model analysis for improving the discrimination performance of human and nonhuman blood based on Raman spectroscopy (2018)

The discrimination accuracy for human and nonhuman blood is important for customs inspection and forensic applications. Recently, Raman spectroscopy has shown effectiveness in analyzing blood droplets and stains with an excitation wavelength of 785 nm. However, the discrimination of liquid whole blood in a vacuum blood tube using Raman spectroscopy, which is a form of noncontact and nondestructive detection, has not been achieved. An excitation wavelength of 532 nm was chosen to avoid the fluorescent background of the blood tube, at the cost of reduced spectroscopic information and discrimination accuracy. To improve the accuracy and true positive rate (TPR) for human blood, a dual-model analysis method is proposed. First, model 1 was used to discriminate human-unlike nonhuman blood. Model 2 was then used to discriminate human-like nonhuman blood from the "human blood" obtained by model 1. A total of 332 Raman spectra from 10 species were used to build and validate the model. A blind test and external validation demonstrated the effectiveness of the model. Compared with the results obtained by the single partial least-squares model, the discrimination performance was improved. The total accuracy and TPR, which are highly important for practical applications, increased to 99.1% and 97.4% from 87.2% and 90.6%, respectively.
ChemInform Abstract: APPARENT ANOMALOUS BEHAVIOR OF POLAR SUBSTITUENTS ON THE BENZENE RING IN THE REGIOSELECTIVITY OF DI‐Π‐METHANE REARRANGEMENT OF 5,6‐BENZO‐2‐AZABICYCLO(2.2.2)OCTADIENONES (1981)

Abstract Die Photolyse der Bicyclen (I) und (III) zu den Umlagerungsprodukten (II) bzw. (IV) und (V) wird untersucht, und die Anteile in (IV) und (V) in Rela‐ 16 tion zu den Bedingungen und Substituenten werden bestimmt.
Organic thermogenerators for energy autarkic systems on flexible substrates (2008)

Thermoelectric elements (thermogenerators) with organic semiconductors or semimetals, respectively, are presented. To show the feasibility of such elements, in particular organic charge transfer salts and graphite powder as 'active' materials were investigated. These active materials were embedded in a PVC blend and screen printed to build a first thick film prototype. It was shown that combinations of active materials with appropriate resistivity and Seebeck coefficient are promising candidates for future thin film thermogenerators on flexible substrates.
Proceedings of the Symposium in Honour of Professor Lauri E. Holappa of the Helsinki University of Technology : Metal Separation Technologies III (2004)

Proceedings of the Symposium in Honour of Professor Lauri E. Holappa of the Helsinki University of Technology : Metal Separation Technologies III
Vitamin B12-responsive severe leukoencephalopathy and autonomic dysfunction in a patient with "normal" serum B12 levels (2010)

Leukoencephalopathy and autonomic dysfunction have been described in individuals with very low serum B(12) levels (<200 pg/ml), in addition to psychiatric changes, neuropathy, dementia and subacute combined degeneration. Elevated homocysteine and methylmalonic acid levels are considered more sensitive and specific for evaluating truly functional B(12) deficiency. A previously healthy 62-year-old woman developed depression and cognitive deficits with autonomic dysfunction that progressed over the course of 5 years. The patient had progressive, severe leukoencephalopathy on multiple MRI scans over 5 years. Serum B(12) levels ranged from 267 to 447 pg/ml. Homocysteine and methylmalonic acid levels were normal. Testing for antibody to intrinsic factor was positive, consistent with pernicious anaemia. After treatment with intramuscular B(12) injections (1000 μg daily for 1 week, weekly for 6 weeks, then monthly), she made a remarkable clinical recovery but remained amnesic for major events of the last 5 years. Repeat MRI showed partial resolution of white matter changes. Serum B(12), homocysteine and methylmalonic acid levels are unreliable predictors of B(12)-responsive neurologic disorders, and should be thoroughly investigated and presumptively treated in patients with unexplained leukoencephalopathy because even long-standing deficits may be reversible.
S-procedure for the analysis of control systems with parametric uncertainties via parameter-dependent Lyapunov functions (2005)

In this paper, the problem of robust stability of systems subject to parametric uncertainties is considered. Sufficient conditions for the existence of parameter-dependent Lyapunov functions are given in terms of a criterion which is reminiscent of but less conservative than Popov's stability criterion. It is shown how the so-called S-procedure plays a crucial role in the derivation of this criterion. A comparison with existing stability criteria is done. An equivalent frequency-domain criterion is given. Extensions to cover slowly time-varying systems and robust performance are given.