gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Filming the vibrational cooling of I2 in CCl4 by ultrafast x-ray diffraction (2007)

A time-resolved x-ray-diffraction experiment was conducted to study the vibrational cooling of iodine molecules dissolved in CCl <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">4</sub> . The variation of atom-atom distances are probed with a milliangstrom spatial resolution and picosecond time resolution. Preliminary analysis shows that time-dependent I-I atom-atom distribution can be linked to a vibrational cooling process.
Semi exponential cycle sequencing (1995)

Journal Article Semi exponential cycle sequencing Get access Gobinda Sarkar, Gobinda Sarkar * Mayo Clinic3-62, Medical Sciences Building, Rochester, MN 55905, USA * To whom correspondence should be addressed Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Mark E. Bolander Mark E. Bolander Mayo Clinic3-62, Medical Sciences Building, Rochester, MN 55905, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Nucleic Acids Research, Volume 23, Issue 7, 11 April 1995, Pages 1269–1270, https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/23.7.1269 Published: 11 April 1995 Article history Received: 07 February 1995 Accepted: 20 February 1995 Published: 11 April 1995
[68Ga]Ga-NODAGA-E[(cRGDyK)]2 PET and hyperpolarized [1-13C] pyruvate MRSI (hyperPET) in canine cancer patients: simultaneous imaging of angiogenesis and the Warburg effect (2020)

We demonstrated combined imaging of [<sup>68</sup>Ga]Ga-NODAGA-RGD-PET for angiogenesis and hyperpolarized [1-<sup>13</sup>C]pyruvate-MRSI for probing energy metabolism. The results suggest that [<sup>68</sup>Ga]Ga-NODAGA-RGD-PET and [1-<sup>13</sup>C]pyruvate-MRSI may provide complementary information, indicating that hyperPET imaging of angiogenesis and energy metabolism is able to aid in cancer phenotyping, leading to improved therapy planning.
Estimating clustering coefficients and size of social networks via random walk (2013)

Online social networks have become a major force in today's society and economy. The largest of today's social networks may have hundreds of millions to more than a billion users. Such networks are too large to be downloaded or stored locally, even if terms of use and privacy policies were to permit doing so. This limitation complicates even simple computational tasks. One such task is computing the clustering coefficient of a network. Another task is to compute the network size (number of registered users) or a subpopulation size.
Characterising the Evolution in Scanning Activity of Suspicious Hosts (2009)

The early detection of multistage attacks like DDoS and coordinated spamming poses a major challenge for existing counter-measures based on reactive blacklists. One approach to addressing this challenge would be to profile hosts that engage in scanning activity and predict their future actions. However, this requires understanding how hosts evolve their scanning behaviour. In order to address this issue we have analysed logs from the DShield repository of globally distributed IDS alerts corresponding to the first 15 days of January 2005. We first clustered hosts using similarities in the spatial breadth (targeted DShield subscribers) and depth (targeted destination ports) of their scanning activity during aggregation intervals of one day at a time. We then analysed temporal properties like popularity, volatility, lifetime and transition of these clusters to infer how they evolved over time. We found persistent clusters with stable sizes. However, they were highly volatile with a consistent turn-over of hosts everyday. This was caused by the lifetime of hosts in each cluster mostly being one day. Nevertheless, we came across a non-trivial number of hosts that appeared everyday while belonging to the same cluster or transitioning from one cluster to another. Based on these findings, it is plausible that suspicious hosts can be profiled for long periods of time to predict an imminent multistage attack.
A novel ligand on astrocytes interacts with natural cytotoxicity receptor NKp44 regulating immune response mediated by NK cells (2018)

NK cells play important role in immunity against pathogens and cancer. NK cell functions are regulated by inhibitory and activating receptors binding corresponding ligands on the surface of target cells. NK cells were shown to be recruited to the CNS following several pathological conditions. NK cells could impact CNS physiology by killing glial cells and by secreting IFN-γ. Astrocytes are intimately involved in immunological and inflammatory events occurring in the CNS and reactive astrogliosis is a key feature in HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders. There is little data on NK-astrocyte interactions and ligands expressed on astrocytes that could impact NK cell function. Natural cytotoxicity receptors (NCRs) play a critical role in the cytolytic function of NK cells. Among the NCRs, NKp44 is unique in expression and signal transduction. NKp44 is expressed only upon activation of NK cells and it can mediate both activating and inhibitory signals to NK cells. Here, we have studied the expression and function of natural cytotoxicity receptor NKp44 upon NK-astrocytes interactions in the presence or absence of an HIV peptide (HIV-3S peptide) shown to induce NK cell killing of CD4+ T cells during HIV-infection. Using a fusion protein consisting of the extracellular domain of NKp44 fused to Fc portion of human IgG, we determined the expression of a novel ligand for NKp44 (NKp44L) on astrocytes. Incubation of astrocytes with HIV-3S peptide downregulated NKp44L expression on astrocytes implicating protection from NK mediated killing. Thus, our study showed that NKp44 have a protective effect on astrocytes from NK cell mediated killing during HIV infection and impact astrocyte role in HAND.
Fully Convolutional Mesh Autoencoder using Efficient Spatially Varying Kernels (2020)

Learning latent representations of registered meshes is useful for many 3D tasks. Techniques have recently shifted to neural mesh autoencoders. Although they demonstrate higher precision than traditional methods, they remain unable to capture fine-grained deformations. Furthermore, these methods can only be applied to a template-specific surface mesh, and is not applicable to more general meshes, like tetrahedrons and non-manifold meshes. While more general graph convolution methods can be employed, they lack performance in reconstruction precision and require higher memory usage. In this paper, we propose a non-template-specific fully convolutional mesh autoencoder for arbitrary registered mesh data. It is enabled by our novel convolution and (un)pooling operators learned with globally shared weights and locally varying coefficients which can efficiently capture the spatially varying contents presented by irregular mesh connections. Our model outperforms state-of-the-art methods on reconstruction accuracy. In addition, the latent codes of our network are fully localized thanks to the fully convolutional structure, and thus have much higher interpolation capability than many traditional 3D mesh generation models.
Multi-Level Approach for High-Precision Cache Fault Isolation—Case Study: Itanium® II Processor Low Voltage Cache Yield Improvement (2004)

Abstract Fault Isolation / Failure Analysis (FI/FA) of increasingly complex embedded memory in microprocessors is becoming more difficult due to process scaling and presence of subtle defects. As physical failure analysis (PFA) is destructive and involves expensive and time-consuming processes, fault diagnosis needs to be as precise as possible to ensure successful physical defect sighting. This paper introduces a cache Fault Isolation methodology that focuses on exhaustive data collection to derive concrete hypothesis of physical fault location and to overcome the existing FA/FI challenges. The methodology involves a novel application of existing DFT techniques in combination with circuit analysis, pattern hacking, defect localization and PFA tools. Some of the techniques, for example pattern modification or circuit simulation, are applied repeatedly in order to obtain higher-level of isolation – from cell/logic level to transistor/gate level, and finally down to physical structure/layer level. This multi-level FI approach is the key to localize the failing area to greater precision, which had proven itself in Intel Itanium® II processor yield improvement process.
Electrochemical Sensing System for Detection of Tricresyl Phosphate (TCP) in Aqueous Solution and Air (2015)

The analysis of the air quality in commercial airliners suggests that there is a risk of cabin air contamination with tricresyl phosphate (TCP), which is an anti-wear additive in jet engine oils. TCP is an organophosphate that inhibits vital enzymes, and induces an organophosphorus-induced delayed neuropathy (OPIDN). Large size and high cost complex techniques for TCP detection include gas chromatography, photometric detector, mass spectrometric recognition, and are impractical in an aircraft. The development of a portable TCP sensing device would rely on employing electrochemical methods due to their time and cost effectiveness and possibility to integrate them into a portable device. TCP is not electroactive, and gas samples of TCP are not readily available, thereby electrochemical sensing is accomplished via detecting the products of TCP hydrolysis, cresols. Besides commercially obtained TCP, cresol detection in jet engine oils has been performed. The challenging part of the amperometric detection of such phenolic compounds as cresols is fouling of the working glassy carbon electrode; this can be resolved by electrode modification with poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-poly(styrenesulphonate) PEDOT:PSS. Currently, microfluidic devices are potentially important detection systems in environmental monitoring with reduced cost, portability and increase analysis speed. Our goal is to develop a microfluidic based electrochemical system that can provide rapid and reliable determination of TCP in trace levels.
Full spectrum millimeter-wave modulation (2012)

In recent years, the development of new lithium niobate electro-optic modulator designs and material processing techniques have contributed to support the increasing need for faster optical networks by considerably extending the operational bandwidth of modulators. In an effort to provide higher bandwidths for future generations of networks, we have developed a lithium niobate electro-optic phase modulator based on a coplanar waveguide ridged structure that operates up to 300 GHz. By thinning the lithium niobate substrate down to less than 39 µm, we are able to eliminate substrate modes and observe optical sidebands over the full millimeter-wave spectrum.
Children's haptic experiences of tangible artifacts varying in hardness (2008)

In this paper we describe our investigations on the role of material hardness in the haptic experience of tangible artifacts.
Opposite changes in striatal neuropeptide Y immunoreactivity after partial and complete serotonergic depletion in the rat (1996)

The aim of this study was to investigate the consequences of partial vs. complete serotonergic (5-HT) depletions on the immunoreactivity of striatal interneurons containing neuropeptide Y (NPY). Taking into account the plasticity of the monoaminergic neurons, the effects of various doses of 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine (5,7-DHT) injected into the anterior raphe nuclei and P-chlorophenylalanine (PCPA) administration were compared in the dorsal (caudate-putamen) and the ventral (nucleus accumbens) striatum. Twenty days after administering 5,7-DHT injections inducing a substantial but partial decrease in the striatal 5-HT concentrations (about 80%), we detected a significant decrease in the number of NPY immunoreactive cells. In contrast, the PCPA inhibition of serotonin synthesis in the neurons spared by the partial lesion or the near-complete neurotoxic lesion induced an increase in the number of striatal NPY neurons. These results suggest that complex adaptive mechanisms are probably responsible for the changes in striatal NPY reactivity observed after a partial lesion and that these neurons can adapt according to the extent of 5-HT depletion. Upon comparing the NPY responses in the dorsal and ventral components of the striatal complex, no main differences were observed; while in the caudate-putamen, the changes were primarily found to occur in the medial zone. This finding is discussed here with reference to the topographical effects of dopaminergic or glutamatergic deafferentation. Finally, these results suggest that a complete interruption of the 5-HT transmission may lead to an increase in the intracellular NPY level, which may be associated with a decrease in the release of the peptide. It can therefore be postulated that serotonergic neurons normally exert a positive influence on NPY striatal neurons. © 1996 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Hormonal male contraception in men with normal and subnormal semen parameters (2011)

Hormonal male contraception based on testosterone alone or on a combination of testosterone with a gestagen has been shown to suppress spermatogenesis effectively and to be fully reversible. However, clinical studies to date have only included volunteers with so-called 'normal' semen values by WHO standards. As a male contraceptive should be available to all interested men regardless of their semen parameters, we investigated how volunteers with subnormal semen parameters would respond to hormonal male contraception. During a 34-week treatment phase, the volunteers received injections of 1000 mg testosterone undecanoate in weeks 0, 6, 14 and 24. This was followed by a 24-week recovery and follow-up period. As it was not known whether men with subnormal semen parameters would recover to starting levels, cryopreservation of semen was offered to all subnormal volunteers. Twenty-three men with normal semen parameters and 18 with sperm counts below 20 million completed the trial. The normal volunteers showed the expected response with 17 suppressing sperm counts below 1 million/ejaculate (13 showing azoospermia) and six not-suppressing below 1 million sperm/ejaculate. By the end of the recovery period, all sperm counts had returned to the range of starting values. The subnormal group showed a similar pattern with 13 of 18 (= 72%) men suppressing below 1 million/ejaculate (8/18 = 44% showing azoospermia) and the remaining 5 of 18 (= 28%) not-suppressing sperm counts below 1 million/ejaculate. All sperm counts returned to the starting range. The study shows that in Caucasian men with normal sperm counts as well as in men with subnormal sperm counts, testosterone alone can produce azoospermia in about half and suppression below one million in about two-thirds of the volunteers. The same proportion of men in both groups appears to require an additional gestagen for full contraceptive protection. Most importantly, regarding suppressibility and reversibility, volunteers with normal and subnormal sperm counts display the same pattern.
Cyclopamine analogs bearing exocyclic methylenes are highly potent and acid-stable inhibitors of hedgehog signaling (2013)

The chemical synthesis and biological evaluation of new cyclopamine analogs bearing exocyclic methylenes in different positions is described. Bis-exo-cyclopamine 6 was identified as a potent inhibitor of the Gli1-dependent luciferase expression in Shh-LIGHTII cells. An extension of this study to F-ring-modified structures shows the necessity of a rigidly positioned nitrogen atom for bioactivity as well as the presence of the C21 methyl group for acid stability and bioactivity.
Tudor domain containing 12 (TDRD12) is essential for secondary PIWI interacting RNA biogenesis in mice (2013)

Piwi-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) are gonad-specific small RNAs that provide defense against transposable genetic elements called transposons. Our knowledge of piRNA biogenesis is sketchy, partly due to an incomplete inventory of the factors involved. Here, we identify Tudor domain-containing 12 (TDRD12; also known as ECAT8) as a unique piRNA biogenesis factor in mice. TDRD12 is detected in complexes containing Piwi protein MILI (PIWIL2), its associated primary piRNAs, and TDRD1, all of which are already implicated in secondary piRNA biogenesis. Male mice carrying either a nonsense point mutation (reproductive mutant 23 or repro23 mice) or a targeted deletion in the Tdrd12 locus are infertile and derepress retrotransposons. We find that TDRD12 is dispensable for primary piRNA biogenesis but essential for production of secondary piRNAs that enter Piwi protein MIWI2 (PIWIL4). Cell-culture studies with the insect ortholog of TDRD12 suggest a role for the multidomain protein in mediating complex formation with other participants during secondary piRNA biogenesis.
A novel compact LC resonator-based bandpass filter design with tunable transmission zeros (2008)

In this paper, the proposed LC resonator-based bandpass filter embedded in a two-layer substrate is presented to achieve both miniaturization and transmission-zero creation for 3.5 GHz WiMAX applications. There are two extra transmission zeros generated near the passband for a 2nd order design without introducing either a cross-coupling mechanism between adjacent resonators or a source-load coupling configuration in the input and output ports. The proposed LC resonator-based bandpass filter is compact in size and can achieve excellent insertion and return loss characteristics in the passband. A novel approach for tunable transmission zeros is also proposed. This approach is to groove a slot of rectangular C shape on the ground plane without additional components or devices.
A toolbox of anti–mouse and anti–rabbit IgG secondary nanobodies (2017)

Polyclonal anti-immunoglobulin G (anti-IgG) secondary antibodies are essential tools for many molecular biology techniques and diagnostic tests. Their animal-based production is, however, a major ethical problem. Here, we introduce a sustainable alternative, namely nanobodies against all mouse IgG subclasses and rabbit IgG. They can be produced at large scale in <i>Escherichia coli</i> and could thus make secondary antibody production in animals obsolete. Their recombinant nature allows fusion with affinity tags or reporter enzymes as well as efficient maleimide chemistry for fluorophore coupling. We demonstrate their superior performance in Western blotting, in both peroxidase- and fluorophore-linked form. Their site-specific labeling with multiple fluorophores creates bright imaging reagents for confocal and superresolution microscopy with much smaller label displacement than traditional secondary antibodies. They also enable simpler and faster immunostaining protocols, and allow multitarget localization with primary IgGs from the same species and of the same class.
The cellular basis of feed efficiency in poultry muscle: mitochondria and nucleic acid metabolism (2017)

Feed is one of the most significant costs involved in animal production, and feed efficiency is therefore a very important genetic trait in animal agriculture. In poultry, a clear link between breast muscle mitochondrial function and feed efficiency has been reported. This chapter provides an overview of the mitochondrial processes which occur in muscle cells, presents the evidence that enhanced mitochondrial functions lead to high feed efficiency, and then considers the role of enhanced nucleotide metabolism and muscle cytoarchitecture in the feed efficiency of broilers.
Interferon‐γ promotes the survival and FcεRI‐mediated histamine release in cultured human mast cells (1996)

We examined the effects of interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) on 100% pure human mast cells generated in suspension cultures of umbilical cord blood mononuclear cells in the presence of stem cell factor (SCF) and interleukin-6 (IL-6). When mast cells were suspended in serum-free medium without any cytokine after the withdrawal of SCF and IL-6, they died over a period of 5 days because of apoptosis. IFN-gamma in the cultures suppressed apoptosis and prolonged their survival in a dose-dependent manner. This survival-promoting effect of IFN-gamma was blocked by neutralizing antibodies to IFN-gamma or to IFN-gamma receptor (IFN-gamma R). When mast cells were incubated with IFN-gamma in serum-free medium for more than 4 hr during sensitization, immunoglobulin E (IgE)/anti-IgE antibody-induced histamine release was effectively enhanced. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of the alpha-chain of IFN-gamma R (IFN-gamma R alpha) yielded products of the correct size predicted from the sequence of the receptor. In addition, flow cytometry using anti-IFN-gamma R monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) indicated that these mast cells bear IFN-gamma R on their surface. These findings suggested that IFN-gamma activates human mast cells via specific receptors in certain aspects of inflammatory reactions.
A8 Evaluation and design of crucian fishing rod (2007)

Fishing motion, that is, fishing rod, line, sinken and fish, are modeled by multi-body dynamics used links, strings and dampers. On the other hand, fishing motion is measured by taking a photograph with high speed camera and the joint motion and angle between links are digitized and represented by polynomial equation. More over the extension force of line when fish pull the line is measured. Then, fishing motion of a crucian fish is simulated. By using this simulation, fishing rod which a fish hung by hook does not easily release is investigated. Then it is known that the long rod is better than short rod. In the fishing, tip of a rod is usually in the water, then drag force of the rod in a water is large. So a rod which drag force is small is desired. It is known that to minimize the force, stiffness of tip of rod is smaller.
A Stochastic Geometry Approach to the Rate of Downlink Cellular Networks over Correlated Log-Normal Shadowing (2013)

In this paper, an analytical framework to compute the average rate of downlink heterogeneous cellular networks is introduced. The framework exploits the so-called Poisson Point Process (PPP-) based abstraction model for the positions of the Base Stations (BSs), and results from stochastic geometry for other-cell interference modeling and performance analysis are used. The contribution of the present paper is twofold. 1) A simplified framework is proposed, which avoids the computation of the Meijer G-function and is applicable to arbitrary path-loss exponents. The new mathematical approach relies upon the Anderssen et al. sum of exponentials approximation for the Kohlrausch function. 2) The framework is applicable to correlated log-normal shadowing. The new mathematical approach relies upon the Owen and Steck method for the generation of equi-correlated multivariate normal distributions. The frameworks are substantiated through extensive Monte Carlo simulations, and numerical examples show that: i) for low Signal-to-Noise-Ratios (SNRs), the average rate slightly decreases if shadowing correlation increases; and ii) for high-SNRs, the average rate increases if shadowing correlation increases.