gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
One‐Pot Three‐Component Synthesis of 3‐Halofurans and 3‐Chloro‐4‐iodofurans (2006)

Abstract A novel sequence of Sonogashira coupling and acid‐mediated nucleophilic addition to the ynone intermediate with concomitant deprotection and cyclocondensation opens a new one‐pot synthetic access to 3‐chloro‐, 3‐iodo‐, and 3‐chloro‐4‐iodo‐furans in moderate to good yields. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH &amp; Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2006)
Data from Microenvironment-Derived Regulation of HIF Signaling Drives Transcriptional Heterogeneity in Glioblastoma Multiforme (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;The evolving and highly heterogeneous nature of malignant brain tumors underlies their limited response to therapy and poor prognosis. In addition to genetic alterations, highly dynamic processes, such as transcriptional and metabolic reprogramming, play an important role in the development of tumor heterogeneity. The current study reports an adaptive mechanism in which the metabolic environment of malignant glioma drives transcriptional reprogramming. Multiregional analysis of a glioblastoma patient biopsy revealed a metabolic landscape marked by varying stages of hypoxia and creatine enrichment. Creatine treatment and metabolism was further shown to promote a synergistic effect through upregulation of the glycine cleavage system and chemical regulation of prolyl-hydroxylase domain. Consequently, creatine maintained a reduction of reactive oxygen species and change of the α-ketoglutarate/succinate ratio, leading to an inhibition of HIF signaling in primary tumor cell lines. These effects shifted the transcriptional pattern toward a proneural subtype and reduced the rate of cell migration and invasion &lt;i&gt;in vitro&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Implications:&lt;/b&gt; Transcriptional subclasses of glioblastoma multiforme are heterogeneously distributed within the same tumor. This study uncovered a regulatory function of the tumor microenvironment by metabolism-driven transcriptional reprogramming in infiltrating glioma cells. &lt;i&gt;Mol Cancer Res; 16(4); 655–68. ©2018 AACR&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
ChemInform Abstract: Short‐Step Synthesis of 1,3‐Disubstituted Naphtho[2,3‐c]furan‐4,9‐dione and Naphtho[2,3‐b]furan‐4,9‐dione by the Friedel—Crafts Reaction. (1998)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Supplementary Figure 1 from Induction of Robust Type-I CD8<sup>+</sup> T-cell Responses in WHO Grade 2 Low-Grade Glioma Patients Receiving Peptide-Based Vaccines in Combination with Poly-ICLC (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Figure 1. T2-Flair MRI images of 2 cases (Patient 9 in Cohort 1 and Patient 1 in Cohort 2)&lt;/p&gt;
Alteration of Acrylic Bone Cement by Chemicals Used during Hard Tissue Specimen Processing (1998)

Accurate characterization of the bone-cement-implant interface often requires hard tissue techniques to prepare retrieved implants for analysis. However, chemicals used for specimen processing can alter and degrade the cement interface. With few exceptions, cement degradation caused by specimen processing has not been systematically and quantitatively assessed. This is especially the case for the new non-formalin based fixatives currently being marketed. We measured physical and mechanical changes that accumulated over time as bone cement was exposed to different chemicals routinely used for fixation, dehydration, and embedding hard tissue specimens.Cylindrical bone cement plugs were submersed into 14 different chemical solutions according to applicable histological protocols. After exposure to the chemicals, the weight, volume, and compressive strength of each specimen was measured. The type of chemicals used for fixation, dehydration, and infiltration, and the length of time in solution were significant factors in the physical and mechanical differences observed. Consideration of these factors will enable choice of appropriate fixatives, dehydrators, and embedding media to allow maintenance of the bone-cementimplant interface-without processing artifacts or mechanical aberrations and will insure accurate interpretation of cement mantle characteristics observed. (The J Histotechnol 21:107, 1998)
Prevalence of five previously reported and recurrent BRCA1 genetic rearrangement mutations in 20,000 patients from hereditary breast/ovarian cancer families (2005)

Many rearrangement mutations in the BRCA1 gene have been identified. It is becoming clear that some of these mutations are prevalent, and therefore their detection is necessary in order for clinical genetic tests to have high sensitivity. Published information on particular rearrangements is frequently limited to a single patient, small groups of patients, or patients of a particular ethnicity. The objectives of this work included characterizing the prevalence of five specific rearrangement mutations in a large North American patient population. A mutation-specific multiplex PCR assay was used for determining the prevalence of five BRCA1 rearrangement mutations that previously had been reported to occur in unrelated patients. The mutation status of these rearrangements, which came from 20,712 patients at high risk for hereditary breast and/or ovarian cancers who had submitted specimens for clinical genetic testing, is presented. The results, obtained from 2,634 mutation carriers, showed a 6-kb duplication of exon 13, identified in 53 patients (2.01%); a 26-kb deletion encompassing exons 14-20, detected in seven patients (0.27%); a 510-bp deletion of exon 22, detected in 5 patients (0.19%); and a 3.4-kb deletion of exon 13, detected in one patient (0.04%). A previously reported 7.1-kb deletion of exons 8-9 was not found. The high frequency of the exon 13 duplication makes it the fourth most prevalent mutation in these patients. These results provide an accurate picture of the prevalence of these mutations in hereditary breast/ovarian cancer patients undergoing genetic testing in North America.
Application of multiple sequence alignment profiles to improve protein secondary structure prediction (2000)

The effect of training a neural network secondary structure prediction algorithm with different types of multiple sequence alignment profiles derived from the same sequences, is shown to provide a range of accuracy from 70.5% to 76.4%. The best accuracy of 76.4% (standard deviation 8.4%), is 3.1% (Q(3)) and 4.4% (SOV2) better than the PHD algorithm run on the same set of 406 sequence non-redundant proteins that were not used to train either method. Residues predicted by the new method with a confidence value of 5 or greater, have an average Q(3) accuracy of 84%, and cover 68% of the residues. Relative solvent accessibility based on a two state model, for 25, 5, and 0% accessibility are predicted at 76.2, 79.8, and 86. 6% accuracy respectively. The source of the improvements obtained from training with different representations of the same alignment data are described in detail. The new Jnet prediction method resulting from this study is available in the Jpred secondary structure prediction server, and as a stand-alone computer program from: http://barton.ebi.ac.uk/. Proteins 2000;40:502-511.
Rapid and Sensitive in Situ SERS Detection Using Dielectrophoresis (2014)

Surface-based sensors that rely on diffusion for transport of target molecules to the sensor surface can lead to long and sometimes impractical detection time for low analyte concentrations. Here we describe a new method for rapid in situ SERS detection of ultralow subpicomolar concentration of the analyte molecules. The method is based upon a dynamic dielectrophoresis-enabled assembly of metal nanoparticles in the form of pearl chains with nanometer-sized gaps. We demonstrate in situ SERS measurement of benzenethiol in less than 2 min without the requirement of long incubation times. This approach is then extended to detect the biological analyte, adenine, at femtomolar concentrations in a short time from a 2 μL sample droplet.
Design of a fractional control using performance contours - Application to an electromechanical system (2003)

International audience
The Alternative Oxidase AOX Does Not Rescue the Phenotype oftko25tMutant Flies (2014)

A point mutation [technical knockout(25t) (tko(25t))] in the Drosophila gene coding for mitoribosomal protein S12 generates a phenotype of developmental delay and bang sensitivity. tko(25t) has been intensively studied as an animal model for human mitochondrial diseases associated with deficiency of mitochondrial protein synthesis and consequent multiple respiratory chain defects. Transgenic expression in Drosophila of the alternative oxidase (AOX) derived from Ciona intestinalis has previously been shown to mitigate the toxicity of respiratory chain inhibitors and to rescue mutant and knockdown phenotypes associated with cytochrome oxidase deficiency. We therefore tested whether AOX expression could compensate the mutant phenotype of tko(25t) using the GeneSwitch system to activate expression at different times in development. The developmental delay of tko(25t) was not mitigated by expression of AOX throughout development. AOX expression for 1 d after eclosion, or continuously throughout development, had no effect on the bang sensitivity of tko(25t) adults, and continued expression in adults older than 30 d also produced no amelioration of the phenotype. In contrast, transgenic expression of the yeast alternative NADH dehydrogenase Ndi1 was synthetically semi-lethal with tko(25t) and was lethal when combined with both AOX and tko(25t). We conclude that AOX does not rescue tko(25t) and that the mutant phenotype is not solely due to limitations on electron flow in the respiratory chain, but rather to a more complex metabolic defect. The future therapeutic use of AOX in disorders of mitochondrial translation may thus be of limited value.
Amphiphile-Induced Anisotropic Colloidal Self-Assembly (2018)

Spherical colloidal particles typically self-assemble into hexagonal lattices when adsorbed at liquid interfaces. More complex assembly structures, including particle chains and phases with square symmetry, were theoretically predicted almost two decades ago for spherical particles interacting via a soft repulsive shoulder. Here, we demonstrate that such complex assembly phases can be experimentally realized with spherical colloidal particles assembled at the air/water interface in the presence of molecular amphiphiles. We investigate the interfacial behavior of colloidal particles in the presence of different amphiphiles on a Langmuir trough. We transfer the structures formed at the interface onto a solid substrate while continuously compressing, which enables us to correlate the prevailing assembly phase as a function of the available interfacial area. We observe that block copolymers with similarities to the chemical nature of the colloidal particles, as well as the surface-active protein bovine serum albumin, direct the colloidal particles into complex assembly phases, including chains and square arrangements. The observed structures are reproduced by minimum energy calculations of hard core-soft shoulder particles with experimentally realistic interaction parameters. From the agreement between experiments and theory, we hypothesize that the presence of the amphiphiles manipulates the interaction potential of the colloidal particles. The assembly of spherical colloidal particles into complex assembly phases on solid substrates opens new possibilities for surface patterning by enriching the library of possible structures available for colloidal lithography.
165 Mechanically Cleaning Corn Reduces Fumonisin Concentration. (2018)

Fumonisin is one of the most prevalent and harmful mycotoxins that can be present in corn. When fed higher concentrations for extended periods of time, fumonisin can lower growth performance and cause disease. Fumonisin is often concentrated in broken kernels because there is exposed substrate for mold growth. While some research has evaluated the role of mechanical cleaning to reduce fumonisin levels in corn, it has largely been evaluated in grain that was artificially contaminated to limit variability. Therefore, the objective of this experiment was to quantify the magnitude of natural fumonisin concentration that may be reduced by removing broken corn and foreign material by mechanically cleaning it using a corn cleaner. A single load of corn that was naturally contaminated with fumonisin, was procured from south central Kansas. The corn was moved to and cleaned at Kansas State University. Corn was divided into twenty 150 kg lots, which were then cleaned using a commercial corn cleaner (Gentle Roll, EBM Manufacturing, Norfolk, NE) to remove overs (material > 12.7-mm) and thrus (material < 4.76-mm) to establish 3 treatments: 1) uncleaned corn; 2) cleaned corn; and 3) screenings (overs + thrus). The corn cleaner was sanitized between each of the 20 lots. Three 5-kg samples of corn were collected by probing from each treatment of each lot, ground via hammermill, riffle divided, and analyzed for mycotoxin concentration using multiclass liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Data were analyzed using the GLIMMIX procedure of SAS, with lot as the experimental unit. The uncleaned corn had 5.5 ppm fumonisin, but no other mycotoxin detected. Cleaning generated 2.2% screenings by weight, which had substantially greater (P < 0.05; 65.4 ppm) fumonisin than the uncleaned or cleaned corn. Cleaning reduced (P < 0.05; 3.3 ppm) fumonisin concentration in cleaned corn by an average of 60% compared to the uncleaned corn. While the uncleaned corn had only moderate levels of fumonisin concentration, this research demonstrates the ability of mechanical cleaning to further reduce concentration. Furthermore, it highlights the substantial potential concentration of fumonisin that may be present in corn screenings, even in years of mild mycotoxin pressure.
Hypergravity delocalizes thyrotropin receptor (650.3) (2014)

Thyrotropin receptor (TSHR) is a a heterodimer G protein‐coupled receptor constituted by an α extracellular subunit (53 kDa) interacting with thyrotropin (TSH) and a broad β transmembrane and intracellular subunit (30‐42 kDa) held together by disulphide bridges. TSHR are localized in the basolateral membrane rich in lipid rafts, microdomains with high level of cholesterol and sphingolipids, that provide a platform for the assembly of signaling complexes after TSH‐TSHR interaction. This interaction was perturbed in hypogravity during parabolic flights and longer missions in Space on board the ISS. In the present work the influence of complex mechanical effects of hypergravity on TSHR, cholesterol and sphingolipid in thyroid gland in vivo was investigated. Seven mice were maintained in hypergravity in a 2g centrifuge. Our results show that hypergravity up‐regulated 65% TSHR. TSH treatment did not cause significant changes in the thyroid gland of the control mice and induced about 50% reduction of the α subunit TSHR of 2g animal. TSH‐stimulated cAMP production was similar in control and 2g samples, indicating that even if TSHR is up‐regulated in hypergravity, the loss of its α subunit that binds TSH was responsible for the lack of the expected increased response to hormonal stimulation. Immunofluorescence analysis of TSHR demonstrated that in control samples the receptor was present on the surface of thyrocytes that surrounded follicles with a precise location, whereas in 2g samples the fluorescent signal was higher and spread over the entire surface of thyrocytes. The UFLC‐MS/MS study on lipid fraction of thyroid tissue showed that sphingomyelin and ceramide species remained unchanged whereas cholesterol was reduced 49% in 2g in comparison with control samples. We thus suggest that gravity, by inducing a significant loss of cholesterol, perturbed lipid rafts modifying TSH‐TSHR interaction. Grant Funding Source : Agenzia Spaziale Italiana
Selective adsorption of ethylene over ethane and propylene over propane in the metal–organic frameworks M2(dobdc) (M = Mg, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Zn) (2013)

A significant reduction in the energy costs associated with the cryogenic separation of ethylene–ethane and propylene–propane mixtures could potentially be realized through the use of selective solid adsorbents that operate at higher temperatures. The metal–organic frameworks M2(dobdc) (M = Mg, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Zn; dobdc4− = 2,5-dioxido-1,4-benzenedicarboxylate) are of particular interest for this application, owing to their high density of coordinatively unsaturated M2+ cation sites that can selectively interact with unsaturated hydrocarbons. Here, we present gas adsorption data for ethylene, ethane, propylene, and propane at 45, 60, and 80 °C for the entire series. The means of sample preparation and activation is found to be important for achieving high separation selectivities and capacities. While all of the compounds investigated show good performance characteristics, Fe2(dobdc) and Mn2(dobdc) exhibit the highest selectivities for the separation of ethylene–ethane and propylene–propane mixtures, respectively. Crystal structures determined from neutron powder diffraction data elucidate the binding of ethane, ethylene, and propylene in Mn2(dobdc) and Co2(dobdc).
Induced clastogenicity in white rats by the herbicide 2,4-D. (1987)

Three to five week old Charles River white rats of the same litters were intraperitoneally injected with a commercial sample of 2, 4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2, 4-D) dissolved in dimethyl-sulfoxide, in concentration ranging from 25 to 350μg/kg. Eight treated animals and one control were used for 4-hr exposure periods to determine the direct effect of 2, 4-D on chromosomes. Nine treated and one control animals were used for the 24-hr exposure periods to determine direct and indirect effects of 2, 4-D. Data were taken from 50 cells with adequate chromosome spreads for each experimental animal in each of the three replicates. Statistical analysis (ANOVA and Dunnett's Multiple Comparisons Test) revealed a significant increase in the rate of chromosome aberrations at 100μg/kg, both for 4-hr and 24-hr tests. Generally, at other treatment levels the rate of chromosome aberrations was higher though statistically not significant. It appears that 2, 4-D induced clastogenicity peaks at 100μg/kg.
Bio-hybrid materials for immunoassay-based sensing of cortisol (2009)

Sol–gel encapsulation has been used as the basis for detecting cortisol by an immunoassay approach. Previous research showed that antibodies immobilized in the pores of a sol–gel derived silica were able to bind cortisol and be used as an immunosensor. However, this approach was not effective when measuring cortisol levels in human serum because of interference from other fluorescence sources. The present paper describes a protocol which overcomes these limitations and enables sol–gel immunoassays to effectively measure cortisol in human serum over the physiological range of cortisol blood concentrations in an adult (2–28 μg/dL). The method involves a standard additions approach in which various amounts of cortisol are added to the serum. The cortisol concentration values obtained with our sol–gel immunoassay were typically within 10% of the values obtained by traditional analytical methods. The protocol presented here represents a significant contribution to sol–gel sensing and immunoassays in particular, because of the ability to detect an analyte in human serum. In addition, this work reports the first comparison between results from a sol–gel immunosensor and an alternative immuno-binding method for analyte detection.
An Experimental Study of the Rate of a Moving Atomic Clock (1938)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text Herbert E. Ives and G. R. Stilwell, "An Experimental Study of the Rate of a Moving Atomic Clock," J. Opt. Soc. Am. 28, 215-226 (1938) Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
Multi-Variable Adaptive Control of Assist Heart (1989)

Multi-variable adaptive control of a left ventricular assist pump was studied. For the estimation of the system parameters, second order SISO AR (single input- single output autoregressive) models were introduced. The controlled variable is mean arterial pressure (mAoP), mean atrial pressure (mLAP), or mean blood flow (mBF) and the control input is vacuum pressure (VP) of the pump. Recursive least-squares method with exponential forgetting and covariance reset is used to estimate the parameters. Based on the estimated parameters, controlled variables in steady state for given vacuum pressures are predicted, and the desired vacuum pressure minimizing a performance index is searched. The performance index is weighed summation of square errors in the steady state.Feasibility of the parameter estimator was studied by computer simulation for the various changes in the circulatory condition: decrease of left ventricular contractility at various rates, change in peripheral resistance, or arhythmia. The controller was able to keep the controlled variable in desired level. Then one input- two outputs (mAoP and mLAP) contoller was studied. In one example, left ventricular contractility suddenly decreased as much as the natural heart ejected no flow, and additionally peripheral resistance increased by 5% at the same time. mAoP dropped from 115mmHg to 97.5mmHg and mLAP rose from 3mmHg to 4.2mmHg instantaneously. But the controller smoothly restored the desired state (mAoP of 114mmHg, mLAP of 3mmHg) after 30 beats. The developed controller adaptively controlled two variables; mean arterial pressure and atrial pressure, for the various changes in the circulatory system. The estimator and controller is feasible for adaptive control of the left ventricular assist heart.
Effect of processing parameters on texture and variant selection of as-built 300 maraging steel processed by laser powder bed fusion (2022)

Among the materials that might be manufactured with laser powder bed fusion (LPBF), one can highlight maraging steels, with excellent weldability, strength and fracture toughness. However, the effects of the processing parameters and the mechanisms governing the as-built texture are not clear yet. A recent publication showed a low texture index in the prior austenite, in contrast to other alloys subjected to LPBF with the same strategy. Authors suggested several hypotheses, although no conclusions were drawn. This work aims to investigate these findings by using a 300 maraging steel processed under different conditions, i.e. different printer, powder layer thickness and laser emission mode. To do so, X-Ray Diffraction, Electron Backscattered Diffraction and Scanning Electron Microscopy have been used. Results show that the heat treatment intrinsic to the LPBF process does not affect the prior austenite grains, whose texture and morphology remain unchanged throughout the process. Also, for the studied ranges, the microstructure texture is not related to the powder layer thickness or to the laser emission mode, although it could be affected by the laser power or the scan strategy. Finally, a low degree of variant selection has been observed, where the selected variants are those that contribute to a martensite cubic rotated texture.