gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Preprocessing Volume Input Data for Improved Traffic Simulation (2006)

Microsimulation has become an increasingly indispensable tool in demanding intelligent transportation systems and planning applications. To build reliable and realistic simulation models, high-quality input data, including roadway geometry, vehicle and driver characteristics, traffic volumes, and composition, are required. Volumes of these data are important but hard to obtain; even when collected with advanced surveillance systems, they are susceptible to miscounting, gaps in time and space, and other inaccuracies. Data that appear to be accurate often do not balance out (i.e., they are inconsistent in terms of maintaining conservation throughout the system). These problems could lead to anomalies or errors during the simulation, seriously tainting the reliability and accuracy of the outputs and weakening the credibility of the conclusions. A comprehensive methodology is proposed for improving the quality of freeway traffic volumes for simulation purposes. Established and enhanced procedures for checking and correcting temporal errors are integrated with an optimization-based algorithm for reconciling spatial inconsistencies in traffic counts. A real-life freeway section was selected to show the effectiveness of the methodology over several days of varying demands. The proposed methodology improved goodness-of-fit measures like root-mean-square percentage, correlation coefficient, and Theil's coefficients. Typical traffic measures of effectiveness produced with reconciled data are closer to ground truth than those produced with corrupted data.
Patterns of Current Comorbidity in Young Help-Seekers: Implications for Service Planning and Delivery (2005)

Objective: To identify the pattern of current comorbidity in young help-seekers referred to a specialist mental health service. Method: One hundred and forty-nine participants were assessed for current psychiatric diagnoses following their referral to ORYGEN Youth Health. Results: Seventy-eight per cent of the sample rated for at least one diagnosis with almost half the sample presenting with two or more disorders. Next to comorbid depression and anxiety, comorbidity between substance use disorders and mood and anxiety disorders was the most prominent pattern of comorbidity in the sample. Conclusions: The present findings suggest that integration between mental health and substance abuse services is well overdue and must be addressed at policy, service system and clinical levels.
WO/sub 3/ thin films prepared by the sol-gel process for ozone sensing (2002)

t Abstract- Tungsten trioxide (WO3 thin films have been prepared by sol-gel process and their ozone sensing properties. The morphology, microstructure, crystalline structure and chemical composition of the thin films have been analysed using SEM, XRD and RBS techniques. SEM analysis showed that WO, thin films annealed at 500°C are smooth and uniform with a grain size of 20-50 nm, above which microcracking observed in the films. The WO, films annealed up to 400°C are amorphous, while annealing at 500°C and above, resulted in the formation of monoclinic WO, polycrystalline structure with (200) preferential orientation. RBS results have revealed that the films annealed at 400°C are stoichiometric, above which the films turned to off-stoichiometric. The electrical resistance of the thin films annealed at 500°C increased 18 times when it exposed to 175 ppb 0, compared to the air exposure with a response time of 1-2 min. The details of the structural and microstructural analysis of the films and their effects on the sensing properties are discussed. applications. In this paper, we report the details of the structural and microstructural characterisation of the WO, thin films derived from sol-gel process and their 0, gas sensing properties. 11. EXPERIMENTAL 1. Sample Preparation
Reconfigurable flight control on sliding modes addressing actuator deflection and deflection rate saturation (1998)

An aircraft flight control problem is addressed via multiple time scale sliding mode controller. Limitations to actuator's deflection and deflection rate are addressed via sliding mode controller reconfiguration. The designed re-configurable sliding mode controller achieves a robust, high accuracy tracking performance to mission angles in an outer loop before and after damage to an aircraft. Angular rate commands are robustly tracked in an inner loop. The developed re-configurable control strategy is based on a continuous sliding mode controller with a boundary layer re-configuration (direct adaptation). On-line explicit system (damage) identification is not required. A re-configurabl e sliding mode controller is designed for an F-16 jet fighter with a nonlinear flight dynamics model. Computer simulations demonstrate high accuracy tracking performance. Actuator's deflection and deflection rate do not saturate.
P3-02-01: A Novel Bispecific, Hexavalent, Antibody (HexAb) Inhibits Anchorage-Independent Growth and Reduces Invasiveness of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cell Lines In Vitro. (2011)

Abstract Background Combination therapy using two different monoclonal antibodies to achieve improved efficacy without increased toxicity is being pursued in various preclinical and clinical studies but, in principle, could be accomplished with a single bispecific antibody (bsAb). We note the elevated expression of the type-I insulin-like growth factor receptor (IGF-1R) and the trophoblast cell-surface marker (Trop-2) in diverse epithelial tumors, including breast cancers, and the increasing evidence of their correlation with poor survival. Therefore, we chose to explore the potential of 1R-(E1)-(E1), the bispecific HexAb constructed from hR1 (humanized anti-IGF-1R) and hRS7 (humanized anti-Trop-2) for treating breast cancers. Methods: 1R-(E1)-(E1) was generated by the Dock-and-Lock (DNL) method to comprise a full IgG of hR1 linked to two stabilized dimers of hRS7 Fab, and evaluated in three HER2−negative breast cancer cell lines: the non-evasive MCF-7, the moderately invasive MDA-MB-468, and the highly invasive MDA-MB-231. The in vitro characterizations of 1R-(E1)-(E1) included flow cytometry to determine cell binding, soft agar assay to evaluate the effect on anchorage-independent growth, and BD matrigel chambers to assess invasion properties. Statistical differences (P values) between two populations were determined by Student's t-test. Results: All three cell lines were found to express both IGF-1R and Trop-2, with MCF-7 and MDA-MB-468 notably higher in IGF-1R and Trop-2, respectively. As expected, 1R-(E1)-(E1) bound to all three cell lines. At 50 μg/mL, 1R-(E1)-(E1) reduced the invasion of MDA-MB-468 to less than 10% of the untreated control, whereas under the same conditions, MDA-MB-231 appeared to be resistant, while the parental antibodies showed no effects. The ability of 1R-(E1)-(E1) to inhibit anchorage-independent growth was demonstrated at 200 nM in MDA-MB-231, with a statistically significant difference (P&amp;lt;0.041) when compared with samples treated with parental antibodies at the same concentrations. Cells treated with 1R-(E1)-(E1) produced few and much smaller colonies, the largest size of which was less than 1/10 of the untreated cells. The parental hR1 alone, but not hRS7, had some effect on inhibiting the growth of MDA-MB-231 in soft agar, presumably resulting from the down-regulation of IGF-1R. Conclusions: These promising results warrant further evaluation of 1R-(E1)-(E1) in other breast cancer cell lines, as well as the exploration of new bispecific HexAbs that comprise different antibodies capable of targeting other solid cancers. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2011;71(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P3-02-01.
Design of probe-fed stacked patches (1999)

In this paper, a design strategy to achieve bandwidths in excess of 25% for probe-fed stacked patches is presented. The choice of appropriate dielectric materials for such bandwidths is given and the role of each antenna parameter in controlling the impedance behavior is provided. It has been found that the selection of the substrate below the lower patch plays a major role in producing broad-band responses. A simple design procedure is outlined and this technique is verified experimentally. The findings presented here can be applied to all types of probe-fed stacked patches as well as edge-fed and cavity-backed configurations.
Particle Agglutination Method for Poliovirus Identification (2011)

In the Global Polio Eradication Initiative, laboratory diagnosis plays a critical role by isolating and identifying PV from the stool samples of acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) cases. In the World Health Organization (WHO) Global Polio Laboratory Network, PV isolation and identification are currently being performed by using cell culture system and real-time RT-PCR, respectively. In the post-eradication era of PV, simple and rapid identification procedures would be helpful for rapid confirmation of polio cases at the national laboratories. In the present study, we will show the procedure of novel PA assay developed for PV identification. This PA assay utilizes interaction of PV receptor (PVR) molecule and virion that is specific and uniform affinity to all the serotypes of PV. The procedure is simple (one step procedure in reaction plates) and rapid (results can be obtained within 2 h of reaction), and the result is visually observed (observation of agglutination of gelatin particles).
A best approximation framework and implementation for simulation of large-scale nonlinear systems (1980)

A conceptual and mathematical framework is presented for optimally approximating a large-scale continuous-time-parameter nonlinear dynamical system <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">S_C</tex> by a continuous-time-parameter model <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">\hat{S}_C</tex> as well as a discrete-time-parameter model <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">\hat{S}_D</tex> , which can be readily simulated respectively on an analog and on a digital computer. A reproducing kernel Hilbert space approach in appropriate weighted Fock spaces is used in the problem formulation and solution. Assuming that the input-output map of the system <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">S_C</tex> can be represented by a Volterra functional series <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">V_t</tex> , belonging to a Fock space <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">F_{\underline{\rho}}(E)</tex> , the input-output maps for the simulators <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">\hat{S}_C</tex> and <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">\hat{S}_D</tex> are obtained as "best approximations" in <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">F_{\underline{\rho}}(E)</tex> for the entire (untruncated) series <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">V_t</tex> . Each of these models has the following features: (a) It is adaptive because it is based on a set of test input-output pairs which can be incorporated in the system by on-line multiplexing, (b) it is optimal in the sense of being a projection in a Hilbert space of nonlinear operators, (c) it is easily implementable by means of a set of interconnected linear dynamical systems and zero-memory nonlinear functions of single variables, and (d) unlike polynomic (truncated Volterra series) approximations, it constitutes a global approximation and thus is valid under both small- and large-signal operating conditions.
Detection and characterization of MIMO radar signals (2013)

Motivated by electronic surveillance applications, this paper considers the problems of detecting the presence of and characterizing a radar transmitter using data collected at a spatially distributed suite of receivers. A characterization of particular interest is determining the rank of the transmitted signal, which enables discrimination between MIMO and conventional radar transmitters as well as distinguishing between MIMO systems that simultaneously emit different numbers of linearly independent signals from their transmit arrays. Bayesian detectors are derived and their performance is demonstrated in simulations. Generalized likelihood ratio tests are also derived and some drawbacks they manifest in this setting are noted.
Cross-Lingual BERT Contextual Embedding Space Mapping with Isotropic and Isometric Conditions (2021)

Typically, a linearly orthogonal transformation mapping is learned by aligning static type-level embeddings to build a shared semantic space. In view of the analysis that contextual embeddings contain richer semantic features, we investigate a context-aware and dictionary-free mapping approach by leveraging parallel corpora. We illustrate that our contextual embedding space mapping significantly outperforms previous multilingual word embedding methods on the bilingual dictionary induction (BDI) task by providing a higher degree of isomorphism. To improve the quality of mapping, we also explore sense-level embeddings that are split from type-level representations, which can align spaces in a finer resolution and yield more precise mapping. Moreover, we reveal that contextual embedding spaces suffer from their natural properties -- anisotropy and anisometry. To mitigate these two problems, we introduce the iterative normalization algorithm as an imperative preprocessing step. Our findings unfold the tight relationship between isotropy, isometry, and isomorphism in normalized contextual embedding spaces.
Few-shot Learning with Noisy Labels (2022)

Few-shot learning (FSL) methods typically assume clean support sets with accurately labeled samples when training on novel classes. This assumption can often be unrealistic: support sets, no matter how small, can still include mislabeled samples. Robustness to label noise is therefore essential for FSL methods to be practical, but this problem surprisingly remains largely unexplored. To address mislabeled samples in FSL settings, we make several technical contributions. (1) We offer simple, yet effective, feature aggregation methods, improving the prototypes used by ProtoNet, a popular FSL technique. (2) We describe a novel Transformer model for Noisy Few-Shot Learning (TraNFS). TraNFS leverages a transformer's attention mechanism to weigh mislabeled versus correct samples. (3) Finally, we extensively test these methods on noisy versions of MiniImageNet and TieredImageNet. Our results show that TraNFS is on-par with leading FSL methods on clean support sets, yet outperforms them, by far, in the presence of label noise.
Hindlimb flexion withdrawal evoked by noxious heat in conscious rats: magnitude measurement of stimulus-response function, suppression by morphine and habituation (1993)

1. The aim of this study was to develop a quantitative behavioral model of nociception. Electromyographic (EMG) recordings from a hamstring flexor muscle provided a measure of the magnitude of hindlimb withdrawals elicited by brief, graded noxious contact thermal stimuli applied to the hindpaw in conscious rats. 2. The magnitude of limb withdrawals showed a significant, usually linear, increase with stimulus temperature from a threshold of approximately 40 up to 52 degrees C. Stimulus-response functions of withdrawal magnitude versus temperature were reproducible within and across rats. Withdrawal magnitude was much more tightly correlated with stimulus temperature (r2 = 0.76, 0.73) than was withdrawal latency (r2 = 0.57, 0.55). 3. Systemic administration of the opiate analgesic morphine (3.5 mg/kg ip) suppressed withdrawals in a naloxone-reversible manner, such that the slope of the stimulus-response function was significantly reduced without an increase in threshold. 4. Successive withdrawals to repeated, identical noxious heat stimuli decreased in a manner consistent with habituation. The response recovered to the prehabituated level after a 15-min rest period, and subsequently decremented even more quickly. The decrement in withdrawal magnitude was greater at lower stimulus intensities and shorter interstimulus intervals, and transferred to a nearby (7.5 mm) but not distant (2.5 cm) site. Evidence for dishabituation was also obtained. 5. The advantages of this method as an animal model of nociception are presented and discussed in terms of the underlying neural circuitry and its modulation.
Marimastat in the Treatment of Patients with Biochemically Relapsed Prostate Cancer: A Prospective Randomized, Double-Blind, Phase I/II Trial (2005)

These data suggest that marimastat has a biological effect and may effectively delay progression in patients with biochemical relapsed prostate cancer, as shown by the change in PSA slope; however, dose-limiting toxicity at active doses is significant. Confirmatory studies with less toxic matrix metalloproteinase inhibitors employing more conventional end points are indicated. This design is feasible and potentially efficient for screening antimetastatic agents.
Discrete deposition of hydroxyapatite nanoparticles on a titanium implant with predisposing substrate microtopography accelerated osseointegration (2007)

We report here a new versatile method to deposit discrete hydroxyapatite (HA) nanoparticles on a titanium (Ti) implant with predisposing substrate microtopography, which exhibited an unexpectedly robust biological effect. Commercially pure Ti substrates were treated with 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane, on which HA nanoparticles (20 nm) were deposited and chemically bonded to TiO2. The HA deposition rate was linearly related to the treatment time and HA nanoparticles were deposited on up to 50% of the substrate surface. As a result, the discrete deposition of HA nanoparticles generated novel 20–40 nm nanotopography on the Ti substrate with microtopography that was smooth (turned) or roughened by double acid etching (DAE). The experimental implants with or without HA nanoparticles were surgically placed in rat femur and an implant push-in test was performed after two weeks of healing. The deposition of HA nanoparticles on the DAE surface increased the mechanical withstanding load by 129% and 782% as compared to the control DAE and turned implants, respectively. Micro-computed tomography-based 3D bone morphometry revealed equivalent bone volumes around the DAE implant with or without HA nanoparticles. These data suggest that the discrete deposition of HA nanoparticles accelerates the early osseointegration process, likely through increased shear bonding strengths.
Hazelwood fire: Profits before workers and their families' health (2014)

Governments and companies consider coal-fired power stations a cheap form of electricity; they do not consider the cost of local health or environmental impact on the community. Evidence given at the Hazelwood coal mine fire inquiry shows how reprehensible capitalism is towards coal mining and electrical generation communities.
Introspection (1996)

Article Free Access Share on Introspection: a low overhead binding technique during self-diagnosing microarchitecture synthesis Authors: Balakrishnan Iyer Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, University of Massachusetts at Amherst, Amherst, MA Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, University of Massachusetts at Amherst, Amherst, MAView Profile , Ramesh Karri Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, University of Massachusetts at Amherst, Amherst, MA Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, University of Massachusetts at Amherst, Amherst, MAView Profile Authors Info & Claims DAC '96: Proceedings of the 33rd annual Design Automation ConferenceJune 1996 Pages 137–142https://doi.org/10.1145/240518.240544Online:01 June 1996Publication History 6citation166DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations6Total Downloads166Last 12 Months1Last 6 weeks0 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteeReaderPDF
A study of roles and contributions of human, society and technology for sustainable development of regional industries (2021)

A study of roles and contributions of human, society and technology for sustainable development of regional industries is presented here. In the same decade of the Industrial Revolution of Great Britain, increase of agricultural productivity caused developments of textile industries in many rural areas of Japan. Silk manufacturing industry was developed in Okaya city, a small village in one of the rural areas at that time. The silk industry suffered catastrophic damage during the World War II. However, machinery industry was developed just after the War in Okaya city. The two advancements in Okaya city have the commonality regarding the cross-interaction among human, society and technology. This commonality should indicate some guiding principles for future activities for advancements in local industries.
The efficacy of 3,5-diiodo-3'-chloro-4'-(p-chlorophenoxy)-salicylanilide against immature Fasciola hepatica in sheep. (1970)

SUMMARY A new anthelmintic, 1,5-diiodo-3’-chlro-4’-(p-chlorophenoxy)-salicylanilide, was virtually 100% effective in killing; immature (6-week-old) Fasciola hepatica in sheep, when given orally at a dosage of 10–15 mg./kg. No toxic effects were observed in the treated animals. The potency of the compound was markedly affected by the type of formulation used.
Solar-Blind 4H-SiC Single-Photon Avalanche Diode Operating in Geiger Mode (2008)

A solar blind 4H-SiC single photon avalanche diode (SPAD) with a sharp cutoff at a wavelength of 280 nm is reported. The SPAD with separate absorption and multiplication layers was designed for operation in Geiger mode. A thin film optical filter deposited on a sapphire window of the device package provided sensitivity in the wavelength range between 240 and 280 nm with a very high solar photon rejection ratio. An estimated dark current of 0.4 pA (0.75 nA/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> ) at a gain of 1000 was measured on a device with an effective mesa diameter of 260 mum. A single photon detection efficiency of 9.4% and a dark count probability of 4 times 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-4</sup> were demonstrated at a wavelength of 266 nm for the same device.
<title>Fast training analog approximator on the basis of Legendre polynomials</title> (1997)

In a number of applications the approximation, interpolation or nonlinear extrapolation of certain weakly (when every subsequent term of power series expansion is much less than previous one) nonlinear dependencies d(x), where x an arbitrary signal in time, is demanded. The problem of cancellation of nonlinear distortions of a signal in high precision analog engineering can be an example. In such cases it seems to be reasonable to use polynomial-based devices. In this paper the neural network based devices able to perform the operations of approximation, interpolation and nonlinear extrapolation are described. The schemes and working characteristics of a breadboard, based on analog radio components, are presented. Legendre polynomials were offered as basis functions for significant increasing of the speed of the approximator training. The scheme of analog synthesizer of Legendre polynomials was also suggested.