gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
New Polyfluorinated Cyanine Dyes for Selective NIR Staining of Mitochondria (2019)

In this communication, the synthesis of three unknown polyfluorinated cyanine dyes and their application as selective markers for mitochondria are presented. By incorporating fluorous side chains into cyanine dyes, their remarkable photophysical properties were enhanced. To investigate their biological application, several different cell lines were incubated with the synthesized cyanine dyes. It was discovered that the presented dyes can be utilized for selective near-infrared-light (NIR) staining of mitochondria, with very low cytotoxicity determined by MTT assay. This is the first time that polyfluorinated cyanine fluorophores are presented as selective markers for mitochondria. Due to the versatile applications of polyfluorinated fluorophores in bioimaging and materials science, it is expected that the presented fluorophores will be stimulating for the scientific community.
Analysis of resonances related to Scholte–Stoneley waves around circular cylindrical shells (1991)

It is shown experimentally and theoretically that waves propagate around circular cylindrical shells with a phase velocity that is less than the phase velocity of sound in water. These waves are called Scholte–Stoneley waves. First this paper presents results on air-filled aluminum pipes of different ratios of the internal radius b to the external radius a. The frequency resonances and the orders n of the resonances increase with the b/a ratio. The frequency range of the observed resonances is fixed for a given pipe. This is related to the evolution of the resonance width with frequency. The frequency resonances and their width are calculated with the use of the resonance scattering theory. The so obtained results agree quite well with the experimental ones. The Scholte–Stoneley wave, which propagates around the shell, is compared to the antisymmetric Lamb wave, which appears on a thin plate when the plate is imbedded in water. Second, the influence of the internal fluid on the Scholte–Stoneley resonances is studied. Three different liquids are used: water, chloroform, and glycerol. The experimental results agree once more with the theoretical ones.
Biomarker for recurrent immunoglobulin A nephropathy in kidney allografts: promising but still a long way to go (2021)

See the article "Clinical significance of serum galactose-deficient immunoglobulin A1 for detection of recurrent immunoglobulin A nephropathy in kidney transplant recipients" in Volume 40 on page 317.
Anomaly detection framework for SFC integrity in NFV environments (2017)

With the increasing deployments of Network Functions Virtualization (NFV) in both industry and academia, it becomes necessary to design mechanisms for keeping the integrity of Service Function Chains (SFC) responsible for NFV services delivering. Despite the advances in the development of management and orchestration for NFV, solutions to keep SFCs resilient to well-known and zero-day threats are still much needed. In this paper, we introduce a framework for deploying anomaly detection techniques for SFC in NFV environments. Our framework consists of a set of functional blocks with well-defined functions, composing an additional SFC Integrity Module (SIM) for the standard NFV architecture. The proposed SIM enables NFV orchestrators to analyze NFV elements and perform suggested actions with the goal of keeping service integrity in the network. The results obtained through the evaluation of a Proof-of-Concept implementation show that the proposed framework is able to properly detect different types of anomalies using entropy-based detection techniques.
Clostridium Perfringens Infection Complicating Periprosthetic Fracture Fixation about the Hip: Successful Treatment with Early Aggressive Debridement (2012)

Periprosthetic fracture and infection are both challenges following hip arthroplasty. We report the case of an 87 year old female who underwent open reduction and internal fixation of a periprosthetic femoral fracture. Her post-operative course was complicated by infection with Clostridium perfringens. Early aggressive antibiotic treatment and surgical debridement were successful, and allowed retention of the original components.
Adsorption of Cationic Hydroxyethylcellulose Derivatives onto Planar and Curved Gold Surfaces (2010)

The adsorption of two positively charged hydroxyethylcellulose derivatives with 7 and 60 mol % positively charged groups and a cationic, hydrophobically modified hydroxyethylcellulose containing 1 mol % hydrophobic groups and 7 mol % charged groups onto flat and spherical citrate-coated gold surfaces of different sizes has been investigated. The planar surfaces were studied by means of the quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring, whereas nanoparticle suspensions were examined using dynamic light scattering and UV-vis spectroscopy. Two different driving forces for adsorption have been evaluated: the electrostatic interaction between the positive charges on the polymers and the negatively charged gold surfaces and the affinity of the polymers for gold due to hydrophobic interactions. The comparison between the data obtained from curved and planar surfaces suggests a strong correlation between surface curvature and adlayer conformation in the formation of the hybrid polymer-gold nanoparticles. The influence of particle size on the amount of adsorbed polymer has been evaluated for the different polymers. The impact of the ionic strength on polymer adsorption has been explored, and the adsorbed polymer layer has been found to protect the gold nanoparticles from aggregation when salt is added to the solution. The addition of salt to a mixture of gold particles and a charged polymer can induce a thicker adsorbed layer at low salinity, and desorption was found at high levels of salt addition.
Overhead Irrigation Encourages Wet-Weather Plant Diseases (1965)

This report confirms previous research showing that such wet-warm-weather diseases as halo blight, anthracnose, black rot, downy mildew, leaf spot, early blight, bacterial spot, and other similar diseases, will disappear from warm-season, sprinkler-irrigated crops in California's coastal and interior valleys when the water is applied by furrow irrigation.
Control cells for image cytometric DNA analysis of esophageal tissue and the influence of preoperative treatment. (1990)

The nuclear DNA content of 4,960 normal cells in 30 esophagectomy specimens was assessed by image cytometry. In relation to intermediate squamous epithelial cells, the mean transmission values were 25.6% higher for basal squamous epithelial cells, 10.1% higher for fibroblasts and 16.2% lower for lymphocytes. The interslide coefficient of variation (CV) was similar for intermediate and basal squamous epithelial cells, 20.2% and 18.9%, respectively, while fibroblasts and lymphocytes displayed lower interslide CVs, 10.5% and 8.8%, respectively. In spite of their high interslide CVs, the mean DNA values of intermediate and basal squamous epithelial cells had the highest intraslide correlation. This correlation indicates that the preparative and analytical differences between slides that result in alterations in mean DNA values affect squamous epithelial cells of similar origin, size and shape in an analogous manner. Basal squamous epithelial cells replicate their DNA and contain more than the diploid amount; therefore, normal intermediate squamous epithelial cells are suggested as control cells to define the 2c reference value for further DNA studies on squamous epithelial lesions of the esophagus. Preoperative irradiation, with or without chemotherapy, did not alter the DNA values of the investigated control cells.
A Machine Learning Model for Predicting Composition of Catalytic Coprocessing Products from Molecular Beam Mass Spectra (2023)

Demand for the development of an automated and integrated refining process for biofuels has increased in recent years due to the lack of generalized process inspection tools. In bio-oil upgrading processes, all process variables are maintained based on the offline specification of intermediates and products. A lack of real-time product specifications in batch-wise monitoring can cause process failure and wasted resources. Therefore, there is a need for a fast and accurate intermediates/product specification tool that can be used for real-time specification to reduce waste and mitigate the risk of process failure. To address this gap, we developed a machine learning (ML) model for predicting speciated bio-oil composition, including paraffin, iso-paraffins, olefins, naphthene, and aromatics. The model is trained using the mass spectra from upgraded products collected in the vapor phase before condensation and predicts the composition of the condensed product. Training ML models using raw mass spectra is challenging due to numerous overlapped peaks originating from different parent compounds. With this in mind, we propose a protocol that (i) transforms raw mass spectra to chemistry-inspired predefined features and (ii) trains decision tree-based models using these features. Our results show that the random forest model was robust against overfitting and had the highest accuracy compared to other models. Moreover, a stochastic ablation method determined the eight most significant features while maximizing the accuracy. Our protocol facilitates real-time compositional analysis of upgraded bio-oils and thus real-time process monitoring. Additionally, this protocol enables the rational design of efficient catalysts and the determination of optimal process conditions.
Collection and Determination of 1,3-Butadiene Using Passive Dosimeters and Automatic Thermal Desorption (1997)

A new passive dosimeter for sampling ambient levels of 1,3-butadiene was constructed using automatic thermal desorption tubes packed with charcoal sorbent wafers. The exposed tubes were thermally desorbed and analyzed by gas chromatography (GC), and the effects of concentration, back diffusion, and sample storage time were studied. The method validation tests were conducted according to the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) protocol, and the results indicated that the new method meets the NIOSH validation standard and can be used for occupational exposure monitoring of 1,3-butadiene. The method was also compared with the standard NIOSH Method 1024 for butadiene sampling and analysis that uses a charcoal absorption tube followed by the solvent extraction and GC analysis. The new method showed a comparable linear response with the NIOSH method over the butadiene concentration range tested (0.01 4.0 ppmv). The values for the limit of detection and limit of quantitation were 0.005 and 0.017 ppmv, respectively, while the values estimated for the NIOSH method were 0.02 and 0.10 ppmv. Finally, a validation test of the new passive sampler has been conducted to determine workplace butadiene concentration in an industrial environment. Using the NIOSH statistical protocol it was found that the results obtained with the new device were not statistically different from those using the current device.
The thermal and non-thermal components within and between galaxy clusters Abell 399 and Abell 401 (2022)

ABSTRACT We measure the local correlation between radio emission and Compton-y signal across two galaxy clusters, Abell 399 and Abell 401, using maps from the Low Frequency Array and the Atacama Cosmology Telescope + Planck. These data sets allow us to make the first measurement of this kind at ∼arcmin resolution. We find that the radio brightness scales as Fradio ∝ y1.5 for Abell 401 and Fradio ∝ y2.8 for Abell 399. Furthermore, using XMM–Newton data, we derive a sublinear correlation between radio and X-ray brightness for both the clusters ($F_{\mathrm{radio}} \propto F_{\rm X}^{0.7}$). Finally, we correlate the Compton-y and X-ray data, finding that an isothermal model is consistent with the cluster profiles, $y \propto F_{\rm X}^{0.5}$. By adopting an isothermal–β model, we are able, for the first time, to jointly use radio, X-ray, and Compton-y data to estimate the scaling index for the magnetic field profile, B(r) ∝ ne(r)η in the injection and re-acceleration scenarios. Applying this model, we find that the combined radio and Compton-y signal exhibits a significantly tighter correlation with the X-ray across the clusters than when the data sets are independently correlated. We find η ∼ 0.6–0.8. These results are consistent with the upper limit we derive for the scaling index of the magnetic field using rotation measure values for two radio galaxies in Abell 401. We also measure the radio, Compton-y, and X-ray correlations in the filament between the clusters but conclude that deeper data are required for a convincing determination of the correlations in the filament.
SequenceL - An Overview of a Simple Language. (2005)

Abstract- SequenceL is a concise, high-level language with a simple semantic that provides for the automatic derivation of many iterative and parallel control structures. The semantic repeatedly applies a “Normalize-Transpose ” operation to functions and operators until base cases are discovered, which include the grounding of variables and the application of built-in operators to operands of appropriate types. This paper introduces the language from an intuitive point of view, indicating the scalability of the normalize-transpose, the different forms of recursion supported by the language and its abstraction, and new shorthand methods for specifying additional iterative/recursive problem solutions.
Impact of feature correlations on separation between bivariate normal distributions (2008)

The impact of feature correlations on class separation has received limited attention from researchers. Previous reports treat the problem from the viewpoint of multi-classifier fusion and are partially inconsistent in their conclusions. In this paper we show that these ambiguities are the result of incompatible basic assumptions, and that the conclusions from prior art hold only for specific configurations of class-conditional distributions. We show that the impact of feature correlations on class separation between two bivariate normal distributions can be positive or negative, and that it can only be gauged in the context of the parameters of involved marginals. The findings reported in this paper are of importance for the practice of feature extraction, feature selection, and in multi-classifier fusion.
Plasminogen Activity in Plasma and in Serum Before and After Venostasis (1979)

When venostasis is applied in men for 10 minutes at a pressure half-way between diastolic and systolic, various results may be obtained as far as fibrinolysis is concerned, normally the euglobulin lysis time reduced from above 3 hours to less than one hour. In these conditions, after venostasis the estimation of plasminogen after activation by Streptokinase (S.K.) on synthetic substrate S2251, shows 20-80% greater activity in serum than in plasma. In some patients at high risks of thrombosis, the euglobulin lysis time 15 unchanged after venostasis. In these cases, the biological activity of plasminogen is slightly greater in plasma than in serum, as is observed before venostasis in all subjects. In order to explain these observations, experiments were performed using placental or plasmatic (glu or lys) plasminogen ; these show that for the same antigen activity, the biological activity of placental plasminogen previously activated by S.K. is greater than that of plasmatic plasminogen. We suggest a modification of the structure of plasminogen in the presence of activators and of fibrin clots. Further experiments will be necessary to explain the modification of plasminogen structure
Real time spline curves from interactively sketched data (1990)

Hand-sketching is a particularly attractive solution to providing an intuitive design interface for modeling. The goal is to reduce the data collected from the input strokes and to construct a curve that faithfully represents the sketched data. This paper presents a new approach to interactive realtime handsketching in two or three dimensions and is-based on the new approach to general spline datafitting presented in [10,8,9].The goal of our approach is to obtain approximating curves with reasonable accuracy at real-time interactive speeds, and at the same time significantly reduce in the number of coefficients for the curve representation over the original data representation. The approach taken here to obtain realtime interaction is to reduce the data incrementally using new local algorithms while the data is still being sketched.
A Novel Partial-Ground-Plane-Based MOSFET on Selective Buried Oxide: 2-D Simulation Study (2010)

A novel partial-ground-plane (PGP)-based MOSFET on a selective buried oxide (SELBOX), named PGP-SELBOX, is proposed. An extensive simulation study and the comparative analysis of the key characteristics of the PGP-SELBOX, the SELBOX, and the conventional silicon-on-insulator (SOI) devices has been performed using the 2-D device simulator Medici. The simulations have revealed that the PGP-SELBOX and the SELBOX structures are more thermally efficient than the conventional SOI device. Further, the magnitude of the short-channel effects (SCEs) is lower in the PGP-SELBOX in comparison to the SELBOX device. Though the SCE suppression is best in the thin-film SOI device, the PGP-SELBOX shows better improvement in SCE suppression in comparison to the SELBOX device. The suppression of self-heating effects and SCEs in the PGP-SELBOX results in a significant reduction in leakage current. An improved performance in terms of <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">I</i> <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">ON</sub> / <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">I</i> <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">OFF</sub> ratio is obtained in the PGP-SELBOX device. Further, the <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">fT</i> values of the PGP-SELBOX are comparable to those of the SELBOX and the SOI devices. A process flow in which a low-dose separation by implantation of oxygen technique can be employed for the fabrication of the PGP-SELBOX is also proposed.
Structural Features of the Carbohydrate Units of Plasma Glycoproteins (1979)

For the characterization of the type and relative abundance of different carbohydrate structures in plasma glycoproteins, rat whole plasma was subjected to exhaustive proteolytic digestion and the resulting glycopeptides were fractionated into structurally district groups by chromatography on concanavalin‐A‐Sepharose followed by mild NaOH/NaBH 4 treatment and gel filtration. The most abundant fraction was found to be the biantennary transferrin‐type glycopeptides (71% of recovered carbohydrate) followed by triantennary fetuin‐type structures and a smaller proportion of more branched structures (together 24%), neutral mannose‐rich chains (2%) and O ‐glycosidic chains (3%). Structural similarity of the two major fractions to the transferrin and fetuin glycopeptides was supported by similar elution volumes in gel filtration, similar behaviour in concanavalin A affinity chromatography and similar sugar composition and substitution pattern of sugars in methylation analysis. The glycopeptide pattern differs significantly from that observed previously for brain, kidney, liver or erythrocytes, where the more branched structures predominate, and which also contain higher amounts of the neutral mannose‐rich chains. As indicated by methylation analysis, the plasma glycoproteins are characterized by carbohydrate units terminating in N ‐acetylneuraminic acid. The level of terminal galactose, N ‐acetylglucosamine and fucose residues was low. This finding is in correlation with the described occurrence of binding‐activities in liver and other tissues which remove glycoproteins having these sugar terminals from the circulation.
Melting Point of Superconducting Oxides as a Function of Oxygen Partial Pressure (1990)

The melting point of high T c superconductors was determined as a function of oxygen partial pressure. It decreased with the decrease in oxygen partial pressure. It was concluded that the melting is a kind of reduction reaction, in the form of Solid(I) → Solid(II) + Liquid + O 2 . The enthalpy change Δ H 0 and the entropy change Δ S 0 for the reaction are calculated from the oxygen partial pressure independence of melting point.
A PROSPECTIVE 5-YEAR COMPARISON OF ENDOSCOPIC ANTERIOR CRUCIATE LIGAMENT RECONSTRUCTION USING EITHER PATELLAR TENDON OR FOUR-STRAND HAMSTRING TENDON AUTOGRAFT (2003)

The aim of this longitudinal study is to compare the clinical outcomes of endoscopic ACL reconstruction with either a 4-strand HT or PT autograft over a 5-year period. 90 patients with isolated ACL rupture received PT autograft and 90 received HT autograft were studied annually for 5 years. Assessment included the IKDC Knee Ligament Evaluation, KT1000, Lysholm Knee Score, thigh atrophy, kneeling pain, hamstring pain and radiographs. The median Lysholm Knee Score was 96 for the PT group and 95 for the HT group. No significant difference was found for subjective knee function, overall IKDC assessment, Xray findings, manual ligament KT1000 instrumented testing, graft rupture or contralateral ACL rupture. There was an increasing incidence of fixed flex-ion deformity seen in the PT group. There was no difference in the requirement for subsequent surgery. The incidence of kneeling pain at 5 years was significantly higher in the PT group. Endoscopic reconstruction of the ACL utilizing either autograft can restore knee stability and is menisco protective despite a high level of sporting activity. We did find a worrying trend towards an increasing incidence of fixed flexion deformity with time in the patellar tendon group. Kneeling pain also remains a persistent problem in this subgroup.
Wisdom of (Binned) Crowds (2021)

Datasets for training crowd counting deep networks are typically heavy-tailed in count distribution and exhibit discontinuities across the count range. As a result, the de facto statistical measures (MSE, MAE) exhibit large variance and tend to be unreliable indicators of performance across the count range. To address these concerns in a holistic manner, we revise processes at various stages of the standard crowd counting pipeline. To enable principled and balanced minibatch sampling, we propose a novel smoothed Bayesian sample stratification approach. We propose a novel cost function which can be readily incorporated into existing crowd counting deep networks to encourage strata-aware optimization. We analyze the performance of representative crowd counting approaches across standard datasets at per strata level and in aggregate. We analyze the performance of crowd counting approaches across standard datasets and demonstrate that our proposed modifications noticeably reduce error standard deviation. Our contributions represent a nuanced, statistically balanced and fine-grained characterization of performance for crowd counting approaches.