gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Neuroimage - Band heterotopia in Zellweger syndrome(cerebro-hepato-renal syndrome) (2007)

Zellweger syndrome (cerebro-hepato-renal syndrome) is associated with generalized hypotonia, high forehead with flattened facies, hepatomegaly and talipes equinovarus.This pattern of malformations was first recognized in 1964 by Bowen and Smith. [1]Zellweger syndrome is an autosomal recessive genetic disorder that is associated with multiple biochemical markers of peroxisomal dysfunction. [2] A full term, intrauterine growth restricted, male neonate was born to a 32-year-old, gravida 3, para 1 mother via spontaneous vaginal delivery.Polyhydramnios was noted in the pregnancy.Fetal ultrasonography demonstrated bilaterally enlarged ventricles in the brain and talipes equinovarus at 29 weeks of gestation.Apgar scores were 6 and 8 at 1 and 5min respectively.This patient presented with seizures at the time of birth and had classical findings suggestive of Zellweger syndrome including generalized hypotonia, large anterior fontanelle (6 x 6 cm), flat occiput, high forehead with shallow supraorbital ridges, mild micrognathia, weak suck, weak cry, single transverse palmar crease (simian crease), contractures at elbows and knees, short humeri, hepatomegaly, patent ductus arteriosus and ventricular septal defect and cryptorchidism.
Recent advances in magnetically driven induction linacs (1988)

Increased interest in high-current, short-pulse electron beams for a wide variety of applications, including free-electron lasers, has generated a demand for high-performance, high-reliability induction accelerators. Advances in this technology will be reviewed. Designing the drive pulse sources is particularly challenging because the sources must deliver multi-gigawatt pulses with rise times of a few nanoseconds and pulse lengths of a few tens of nanoseconds. Recent developments in all-solid-state nonlinear magnetic drivers will also be discussed. 5 figs.
Haemodynamic Effects of Sustained Treatment with Prazosin and Metoprolol, Alone and in Combination, in Borderline Hypertensive Heart Failure (1982)

The sustained haemodynamic effects of prazosin (20-30 mg) and metoprolol (400-800 mg) alone and combined (half-dose) were evaluated in five patients with hypertension, left ventricular hypertrophy, and radiological cardiac enlargement. Measurements were made at rest and during isometric handgrip exercise. Blood pressure at rest was equally well controlled on each regimen. The heart rate and cardiac output (thermodilution) were reduced by metoprolol, even when combined with prazosin. Systolic ejection time was prolonged by metoprolol, but there were no changes in left ventricular dimensions at rest. During isometric handgrip the pressure increments were similar on each of the three regimens, although absolute diastolic pressure was lower on combined therapy. The arterial pressure increment on prazosin therapy was predominantly due to a rapid rise in heart rate and cardiac output, whereas with metoprolol and combined therapy the major contribution to the response was by peripheral vasoconstriction. Moreover, with the latter regimens there was a rapid rise in pulmonary artery occluded pressure, which did not occur with prazosin therapy. In conclusion, metoprolol alone, or combined with prazosin, caused significant depression of cardiac function, which was apparent only when the patients were subjected to the haemodynamic stress of isometric exercise.
A multichannel CSMA MAC protocol for multihop wireless networks (2003)

We describe a new carrier-sense multiple access (CSMA) protocol for multihop wireless networks, sometimes also called ad hoc networks. The CSMA protocol divides the available bandwidth into several channels and selects an idle channel randomly for packet transmission. It also employs a notion of "soft" channel reservation as it gives preference to the channel that was used for the last successful transmission. We show via simulations that this multichannel CSMA protocol provides a higher throughput compared to its single channel counterpart by reducing the packet loss due to collisions. We also show that the use of channel reservation provides better performance than multichannel CSMA with purely random idle channel selection.
Detection and mapping of mutations in the porcine phosphoglucomutase 1 (PGM1) and phosphorylase kinase gamma unit (PHKG) genes using F-SSCP-analysis (1999)

A small insert genomic library was constructed in the pUC18 plasmid vector using white blood cells from one Thoroughbred stallion as the source for DNA.The donor horse DNA was cut with restriction enzyme Sau3 A and size selected by purification on an agarose gel to yield fragments of approximately 500 bp.The size selected DNA was phosphatased to prevent insert concatemerization and then ligated into the vector.The vector was then used to transform electrocompetent DH10B Escherichia coli cells.The library was screened using a radiolabeled mixture of four di-nucleotide repeats (GC 15 , GA 15 , GT 15 , AT 15 ) as a probe.Positive bacterial colonies were re-screened and isolated.Plasmid insert DNA was sequenced using automated cycle sequencing at the Cornell Biotechnology Sequencing Facility.PCR primers in the
A human iPSC-astroglia neurodevelopmental model reveals divergent transcriptomic patterns in schizophrenia (2020)

ABSTRACT While neurodevelopmental abnormalities have been associated with schizophrenia (SCZ), the role of astroglia in disease pathophysiology remains poorly understood. In this study we used a human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived astrocyte model to investigate the temporal patterns of astroglia differentiation during developmental stages critical for SCZ using RNA-sequencing. The model generated astrocyte-specific patterns of gene expression during differentiation, and demonstrated that these patterns correspond well to astroglia-specific expression signatures of in vivo cortical fetal development. Applying this model, we were able to identify SCZ-specific expression dynamics in human astrocytes, and found that SCZ-associated differentially expressed genes were significantly enriched in the medial prefrontal cortex, striatum, and temporal lobe, targeting VWA5A and ADAMTS19 . In addition, SCZ astrocytes displayed alterations in calcium signaling, and significantly decreased glutamate uptake and metalloproteinase activity relative to controls. These results provide strong support for the validity of our astrocyte model, and implicate novel transcriptional dynamics in astrocyte differentiation in SCZ together with functional changes that are potentially important biological components of SCZ pathology.
Definition der Durchflußzahl (1977)

Die Bestimmung der Durchflußzahl αK erfolgt nach der Beziehung 1 $${}^{\alpha }k=\frac{{}^{A}s}{{}^{A}k}$$ wobei die Kolbenfläche AK als Bezugsgröße dient.
Trajectory estimation of transmission line zero sequence impedance using relay records (2015)

In this paper, a new trajectory estimation method is proposed to better measure and calculate zero sequence impedance of transmission lines. Compared with currently used methods, the new method is more accurate and capable of online estimation without taking transmission line out of operation.
Engineered polycaprolactone–magnesium hybrid biodegradable porous scaffold for bone tissue engineering (2014)

In this paper, we describe the fabrication of a new biodegradable porous scaffold composed of polycaprolactone (PCL) and magnesium (Mg) micro-particles. The compressive modulus of PCL porous scaffold was increased to at least 150% by incorporating 29% Mg particles with the porosity of 74% using Micro-CT analysis. Surprisingly, the compressive modulus of this scaffold was further increased to at least 236% when the silane-coupled Mg particles were added. In terms of cell viability, the scaffold modified with Mg particles significantly convinced the attachment and growth of osteoblasts as compared with the pure PCL scaffold. In addition, the hybrid scaffold was able to attract the formation of apatite layer over its surface after 7 days of immersion in normal culture medium, whereas it was not observed on the pure PCL scaffold. This in vitro result indicated the enhanced bioactivity of the modified scaffold. Moreover, enhanced bone forming ability was also observed in the rat model after 3 months of implantation. Though bony in-growth was found in all the implanted scaffolds. High volume of new bone formation could be found in the Mg/PCL hybrid scaffolds when compared to the pure PCL scaffold. Both pure PCL and Mg/PCL hybrid scaffolds were degraded after 3 months. However, no tissue inflammation was observed. In conclusion, these promising results suggested that the incorporation of Mg micro-particles into PCL porous scaffold could significantly enhance its mechanical and biological properties. This modified porous bio-scaffold may potentially apply in the surgical management of large bone defect fixation.
Plasmodium falciparum histidine-rich protein II causes vascular leakage and exacerbates experimental cerebral malaria in mice (2017)

A devastating complication of Plasmodium falciparum infection is cerebral malaria, in which vascular leakage and cerebral swelling lead to coma and often death. P. falciparum produces a protein called histidine-rich protein II (HRPII) that accumulates to high levels in the bloodstream of patients and serves as a diagnostic and prognostic marker for falciparum malaria. Using a human cerebral microvascular endothelial barrier model, we previously found that HRPII activates the endothelial cell inflammasome, resulting in decreased integrity of tight junctions and increased endothelial barrier permeability. Here, we report that intravenous administration of HRPII induced blood-brain barrier leakage in uninfected mice. Furthermore, HRPII infusion in P. berghei-infected mice increased early mortality from experimental cerebral malaria. These data support the hypothesis that HRPII is a virulence factor that contributes to cerebral malaria by compromising the integrity of the blood-brain barrier.
Coenzyme A Transferase (1967)

Abstract The following evidence supports the conclusion that the reaction catalyzed by succinyl coenzyme A:3-keto acid coenzyme A transferase proceeds through two half-reactions in a ping-pong mechanism with an enzyme-CoA intermediate. (a) Double reciprocal plots of the initial rates against substrate concentration for the reaction in each direction are best described by a series of parallel lines. (b) Inhibition by each of the acid products is competitive with respect to the other acid substrate and noncompetitive with respect to the acyl-CoA substrate. (c) Four expected Haldane relationships for this mechanism are obeyed within experimental error. (d) At a given concentration of acetoacetyl-CoA the maximal rate of the acetoacetate-acetoacetyl-CoA exchange reaction is the same as the maximal rate of the over-all reaction with succinate. (e) At saturating concentrations of acetoacetate the amount of inhibition of the reaction by succinate is equal to the amount of labeled succinate incorporated into succinyl-CoA; i.e. inhibition occurs by reversal of the first half-reaction. (f) At high concentrations of succinate the amount of inhibition by acetoacetate is equal to the amount of exchange of acetoacetate into acetoacetyl-CoA. At low succinate concentrations, at which the first half-reaction can proceed faster than the second, exchange is greater than inhibition. The enzyme is inhibited upon incubation with dilute solutions of acetylating agents or with acetoacetyl-CoA and certain bivalent metals. It is inhibited by monovalent anions, with an order of effectiveness which follows the Hofmeister series. Inhibition by sodium chloride is predominantly competitive with respect to succinate and acetoacetate.
Reinforcement-Based Treatment for Alcohol and Drug Addictions (2012)

Tuten, L.M., Jones, H. E., Schaeffer, C. M., & Stitzer, M. L. (2012). Reinforcement-based treatment for substance use disorders. A comprehensive behavioral approach. Washington, D.C.: American Psychological Association. [ISBN 978-14338-1024-4; hardbound; 293 pages; $69.95] The book presents an evidence-based, comprehensive model for treating substance use disorders, called the Reinforcement-Based Treatment (RBT). The field of treating substance abuse disorders is very challenging and such models are very much needed to improve the success rate of treatment efforts. The book is organized into 12 chapters, an introduction, and 12 appendices that follow the chapters. The introduction discusses the problem of alcohol and illicit drugs, builds a case for positive, comprehensive behavioral treatment, and introduces the RBT model. The research pertaining to RBT is also summarized in the introduction. The introduction section is a bit long and could be shortened. The first chapter is about the environment of treatment delivery. This includes aspects such as being kind to the patient, making a good first (as well as subsequent) impressions, becoming familiar with the patient, and creating an environment that speaks to what the provider is trying to accomplish. Also, eliminating uncomfortable or embarrassing situations, providing motivational incentives, conducting routine client satisfaction surveys, limiting wait times, and removing barriers to treatment, have been discussed in the chapter. It would have been good if the authors included a discussion on building the self-efficacy to quit, and greater responsibility-taking by the patient. The second chapter is about conducting a functional assessment of substance abuse. The chapter presents information to be determined by the functional assessment, details of conducting a structured interview, and planning for treatment. Included in the chapter are case examples which are very good and help the reader understand the process better. The third chapter is about the feedback session through the adaptation of motivational interviewing. Motivational interviewing is an important part of RBT and is a person-centered approach toward motivating a person for change. The chapter presents the research support for motivational interviewing, essential conditions of client feedback, and details of conducting the feedback session. The section on details of the feedback session could be expanded even further to make it more useful. The fourth chapter is about essential goals for competing with drug use. The chapter discusses rationale and empirical support for recreation and employment, general clinical techniques to promote competing behaviors such as drug free recreational goals, employment goals, and other goals to compete with drug use. …
An accurate smart capacitive angular-position sensor with a full circle range (2002)

A novel high-performance smart capacitive angular-position sensor
with a full circle measurement range is presented. It is mainly composed
of three parts: the capacitive sensing element, a signal processor and a
microcontroller. A modified algorithm is used to calculate the position
from the capacitor's values. With this algorithm the effect of the main
undesired influences is eliminated or strongly reduced and the
measurement range of the sensor is extended to 360°. The structure
of the sensing element is optimised to reduce the influence of the
electric-field bending effect and the nonflatness of electrodes. The
signal processor has multi-capacitance input and one period-modulated
output and includes a very linear capacitance/period converter. The
microcontroller acquires output data of the processor, calculates the
positions and optionally communicates with the outside world. The
resolution of the smart capacitive angular-position sensor is 0.58
arcsec and the nonlinearity is less than ±90 arcsec (13.8 bits)
over 0-360° range for a measurement time of 100 ms
Measurement of Somatosensory Evoked Magnetic Fields Induced by Electric Stimulation (1989)

Human somatosensory evoked magnetic fields (SEFs) have been measured in a nonmagnetically shielded room with a SQUID connected to a second order gradiometer. The median nerve of the right wrist was stimulated electrically. Magnetic fields perpendicular to the surface of the head of 500 samples were measured over 25 positions and were averaged with a bandpass filter of 1 to 30 Hz. In order to estimate the equivalent current source in the brain a 3-D ECD (equivalent current dipole) technique was introduced in the meaning of the best fit between experimental and theoretical distribution. The calculated ECD of a latency of 90 ms was located at the Rolandic fissure of the left hemisphere where the sensory area related to the finger is located. The calculated ECD was 1.53 nAm and the depth was 2.5 cm from the surface of the head. The direction of the ECD was almost perpendicular to the Rolandic fissure and it extended from the sensory to the motor area.
A parallel algorithm for allocation of spare cells on memory chips (1991)

The authors propose a parallel algorithm based on the artificial neural network model for solving the spare-allocation problem. The goal is to find a spare allocation which repairs all the faulty cells in the given faulty-cell map. The parallel algorithm requires 2n processing elements for the n*n faulty-cell map problem. The algorithm is verified by many simulation runs. Under the simulation the algorithm finds one of the near-optimum solutions in a nearly constant time with O(n) processors. The simulation results show the consistency of this algorithm. The algorithm can be easily extended for solving rectangular or other shapes of fault map problems.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Reliability and Validity of the 6‐Minute Walk Test in Hypophosphatasia (2018)

This investigation evaluated the reliability and validity of the 6-Minute Walk Test (6MWT) in patients with pediatric hypophosphatasia (HPP). Children (aged 6 to 12 years; <i>n</i> = 11), adolescents (13 to 17 years; <i>n</i> = 4), and adults (18 to 65 years; <i>n</i> = 9) completed the 6MWT at screening and baseline in two clinical studies of asfotase alfa. Test-retest reliability of the 6MWT, evaluated with Pearson's correlation coefficients (<i>r</i>) for screening versus baseline, was high for children (<i>r</i> = 0.95; <i>p</i> < 0.0001), adolescents (<i>r</i> = 0.81; <i>p</i> = 0.125), and adults (<i>r</i> = 0.94; <i>p</i> = 0.0001). The most conservative minimal clinically important differences, estimated using distribution-based methods, were 31 m (children and adults) and 43 m (adolescents). In children, the 6MWT correlated significantly with scores on measures of skeletal disease, which included the Radiographic Global Impression of Change scale (<i>r</i> = 0.50; <i>p</i> < 0.0001) and the Rickets Severity Scale (<i>r</i> = -0.78; <i>p</i> < 0.0001), such that distance walked increased as the severity of skeletal disease decreased. Significant (<i>p</i> < 0.0001) correlations with the 6MWT distance walked were also observed for children with scores on parent-reported measures of disability (<i>r</i> = -0.67), ability to function in activities of daily living (<i>r</i> = 0.71 to 0.77), and parent-reported measures of pain (<i>r</i> = -0.39). In adolescents and adults, 6MWT distance walked correlated significantly (<i>p</i> < 0.05) with measures of lower extremity function (<i>r</i> = 0.83 and 0.60, respectively), total pain severity (<i>r</i> = -0.41 and -0.36, respectively), and total pain interference (<i>r</i> = -0.41 and -0.49, respectively). Collectively, these data indicate that the 6MWT is a reliable, valid measure of physical functioning in patients with pediatric HPP. © 2018 The Authors. <i>JBMR Plus</i> Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Acoustic reflection and transmission coefficients at a planar interface of a porous medium exhibiting fast and slow compressional waves (1980)

We have measured the reflected and transmitted amplitudes of ultrasonic pulses at normal incidence on a layer of water-saturated fused glass beads in which Biot slow compressional waves have been observed. [T. J. Plona, Appl. Phys. Lett. 36, 259 (1980)]. We have investigated water-porous medium interfaces and solid-porous medium interfaces; in the latter case, the nature of the bond is of critical importance to the amplitude of the slow wave generated at the interface. Due to mode conversion upon internal reflection, a pulse may traverse the layer on either a fast or a slow compressional wave. The results are interpreted in terms of boundary conditions derived from a general Lagrangian formulation derived previously.
Interferometric measurement of the 1S1/2-2S1/2transition frequency in atomic hydrogen (1986)

The 1${\mathrm{S}}_{1/2}$-2${\mathrm{S}}_{1/2}$ transition frequency in atomic hydrogen has been interferometrically measured by comparison with a reference line in $^{130}\mathrm{Te}_{2}$ by Doppler-free two-photon laser spectroscopy. The measured 1${\mathrm{S}}_{1/2}$-2${\mathrm{S}}_{1/2}$ transition frequency of 2 466 061 397(25) MHz is in good agreement with the theoretical predictions of Erickson modified to take account of recent measurements of the Rydberg constant. This measurement can be used to deduce a value for the ground-state Lamb shift and gives the result of 8182(25) MHz which compares with a value of 8173.248(81) MHz predicted by Erickson.
Role of Renin-Angiotensin System Blockade in Atherosclerotic Renal Artery Stenosis and Renovascular Hypertension (2007)

C urrent management of atherosclerotic renal artery steno- sis (ARAS) remains controversial. A major issue is the condition's functional significance; specifically, what is the contribution of ARAS to a specified patient's heart failure, hypertension, or progressive renal disease? Clinicians will often consider whether revascularization of ARAS is likely to alter a patient's symptoms or prognosis. Yet, even when ARAS is incidentally detected, patients are at high risk for future cardiovascular events and death. This suggests that regardless of the clinical scenario, intensive medical therapy should be provided to all patients in whom ARAS is discovered. Here we review evidence that angiotensin inhibitors (angiotensin-converting enzyme [ACE] inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers [ARBs]) may improve the prognosis of ARAS. To place this evidence into context, it is important to first review the prognosis of this condition.
A Novel Conformationally Constrained Parallel G Quadruplex (2008)

Conducting a G quartet. We have devised a peptidic scaffold as a topological template that directs the intramolecular assembly of covalently attached oligonucleotides into stable G quadruplexes that are exclusively constrained in a parallel-stranded conformation. Using this scaffold together with SPR we have analyzed the molecular interactions of ligands for a single conformation of G quadruplex. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Max-sum goes private (2015)

As part of the ongoing effort of designing secure DCOP algorithms, we propose P-MAX-SUM, the first private algorithm that is based on MAX-SUM. The proposed algorithm has multiple agents preforming the role of each node in the factor graph, on which the MAX-SUM algorithm operates. P-MAX-SUM preserves three types of privacy: topology privacy, constraint privacy, and assignment/decision privacy. By allowing a single call to a trusted coordinator, P-MAX-SUM also preserves agent privacy. The two main cryptographic means that enable this privacy preservation are secret sharing and homomorphic encryption. Our experiments on structured and realistic problems show that the overhead of privacy preservation in terms of runtime is reasonable.