gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Dysplasia-Associated Polypoid Mucosal Lesion in a Pelvic Pouch after Restorative Proctocolectomy for Ulcerative Colitis (2001)

A 32-year-old man with ulcerative colitis had a colectomy for toxic colitis. Later, a rectal mucosectomy was performed along with the creation of a pelvic pouch. In 1998, approximately 10 years after this staged restorative proctocolectomy was completed, endoscopic examination of the pelvic pouch detected a small mucosal polypoid mass lesion. Although the lesion had the macroscopic appearance of an inflammatory polyp, microscopic sections of the resected lesion revealed dysplastic changes. Endoscopic polypectomy was performed to remove the lesion, and further histological surveillance examinations of the pelvic pouch have not detected additional dysplastic mucosal changes.
Abstract 3327: Leptin receptors are expressed in breast cancer stem cells and leptin promotes their self-renewal and survival in mice (2011)

Abstract Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are highly important in Breast cancer because they represent a subset of cancer cells that are generally undifferentiated, capable of self-renewal, resistant to therapy, and contribute to post-therapeutic tumor regrowth. CSCs can drive the malignant process and may generate the non-renewing differentiated cancer cells that comprise the bulk of the tumor. Here we show that in the Murine Mammary Tumor Virus (MMTV)-Wnt-1 transgenic mouse, a model of basal-like human breast tumors, leptin promotes tumorigenesis and the survival of breast CSCs. We show that leptin deficiency results in reduced outgrowth and burden of transplanted tumors. Second, leptin deficiency leads to depletion of cancer cells with a stem cell molecular signature. Third, the functional importance of the reduced cells is demonstrated by the fact that tumors from leptin-deficient mice led to reduced tumor outgrowth in vivo. Fourth, breast CSC enriched populations express the full-length leptin receptor. Finally, leptin promotes the viability of CSC enriched populations and increases tumorsphere generation in vitro. These results identify a critical role for leptin stimulation of breast CSCs and provide a strong suggestion that interfering with leptin signaling either via receptor blockade or a downstream pathway may provide therapeutic benefit. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3327. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-3327
Vehicle Surveillance with a Generic, Adaptive, 3D Vehicle Model (2010)

In automated surveillance, one is often interested in tracking road vehicles, measuring their shape in 3D world space, and determining vehicle classification. To address these tasks simultaneously, an effective approach is the constrained alignment of a prior model of 3D vehicle shape to images. Previous 3D vehicle models are either generic but overly simple or rigid and overly complex. Rigid models represent exactly one vehicle design, so a large collection is needed. A single generic model can deform to a wide variety of shapes, but those shapes have been far too primitive. This paper uses a generic 3D vehicle model that deforms to match a wide variety of passenger vehicles. It is adjustable in complexity between the two extremes. The model is aligned to images by predicting and matching image intensity edges. Novel algorithms are presented for fitting models to multiple still images and simultaneous tracking while estimating shape in video. Experiments compare the proposed model to simple generic models in accuracy and reliability of 3D shape recovery from images and tracking in video. Standard techniques for classification are also used to compare the models. The proposed model outperforms the existing simple models at each task.
Vicarious Calibration of the DESIS Imaging Spectrometer (2021)

The DLR Earth Sensing Spectrometer (DESIS) on board the International Space Station (ISS) is an imaging spectrometer for remote sensing developed by the German Aerospace Center (DLR) and operated by Teledyne Brown Engineering (TBE). In order to maintain the quality of the data during the operational phase, the calibration team monitors the calibration parameters and updates them when a significant deviation is found. The update of calibration parameters is based on vicarious calibration using Earth scenes over uniform areas and RadCalNet calibration sites. We present here a description of the calibration techniques used for the DESIS instrument with special emphasis on the vicarious calibration.
Low Quiescent Current, Capacitor-Less LDO with Adaptively Biased Power Transistors and Load Aware Feedback Resistance (2020)

This brief presents a novel low-power and area-efficient LDO that satisfies all primary requirements of power mapping for a Power Management IC (PMIC). The design introduces a dynamically biased feedback resistor which responds instantly to the output voltage variations, thereby achieving better load transient behavior. Besides, the employed adaptive-biasing technique contributes in architectural transformation to attain stability over a wider range of load currents (0-100mA). It provides a regulated voltage of 1.87V from a supply ranging from 1.92V to 3.6V with a reported load and line regulation of 0.00136mV/mA and 0.078mV/V respectively. Moreover, the circuit potentially supports the load transients either from 0A to 100mA or 100mA to 0A with a rise and fall times of 10 μs. The achieved overshoot and undershoot values are 160mV and 154mV respectively. Hence, it demonstrates a substantial steady-state and transient performance with low-power thus making it suitable for battery-operated portable devices.
The dual-path hypothesis for the emergence of anosognosia in Alzheimer's disease (2023)

Although neurocognitive models have been proposed to explain anosognosia in Alzheimer's disease (AD), the neural cascade responsible for its origin in the human brain remains unknown. Here, we build on a mechanistic dual-path hypothesis that brings error-monitoring and emotional processing systems as key elements for self-awareness, with distinct impacts on the emergence of anosognosia in AD. Proceeding from the notion of anosognosia as a dimensional syndrome, ranging from the lack of concern about one's own deficits (i.e., anosodiaphoria) to the complete lack of awareness of deficits, our hypothesis states that (i) unawareness of deficits would result from a failure in the error-monitoring system, whereas (ii) anosodiaphoria would more likely result from an imbalance between emotional processing and error-monitoring systems. In the first case, a synaptic failure in the error-monitoring system, in which the cingulate cortex plays a major role, would have a negative impact on error (or deficits) awareness, preventing patients from becoming aware of their condition. In the second case, an impairment in the emotional processing system, in which the amygdala and orbitofrontal cortex play a major role, would prevent patients from monitoring the internal milieu for relevant errors (or deficits) and assigning appropriate value to them, thus biasing their impact on the error-monitoring system. Our hypothesis stems from two scientific premises. One comes from preliminary results in AD patients showing a synaptic failure in the error-monitoring system and decline of awareness at the time of diagnosis. Another comes from the somatic marker hypothesis, which proposes that emotional signals are critical to adaptive behavior. Further exploration will be of great interest to illuminate the foundations of self-awareness and improve our understanding of the underlying mechanisms of anosognosia in AD.
Reducing Bottlenecks in the CAD-to-Mesh-to-Solution Cycle Time to Allow CFD to Participate in Design (2000)

As CFD has matured to the point that it is capable of reliable and accurate flow simulation, attention is now firmly fixed on how best to deploy that CFD as part of a process to improve actual products. This “process” consists of capturing and controlling the geometry of a suitable portion of an aeroengine (eg a blade row, or an internal cooling system or a fan-plus-nacelle), building a mesh system, solving the flow and responding to an appropriately visualized flow field by changing or accepting the geometry. This paper looks at that process from the point of view of identifying any bottlenecks and argues that current research should be directed at the CAD-to-mesh-to-solution cycle time rather than, as has been traditional, just looking at the solver itself and in isolation. Work aimed at eliminating some of these bottlenecks is described, with a number of practical examples.
Design and Analysis of Robust Fault Diagnosis Schemes for a Simulated Aircraft Model (2008)

Several procedures for sensor fault detection and isolation (FDI) applied to a simulated model of a commercial aircraft are presented. The main contributions of the paper are related to the design and the optimisation of two FDI schemes based on a linear polynomial method (PM) and the nonlinear geometric approach (NLGA). The FDI strategies are applied to the aircraft model, characterised by tight‐coupled longitudinal and lateral dynamics. The robustness and the reliability properties of the residual generators related to the considered FDI techniques are investigated and verified by simulating a general aircraft reference trajectory. Extensive simulations exploiting the Monte Carlo analysis tool are also used for assessing the overall performance capabilities of the developed FDI schemes, in the presence of turbulence, measurement, and model errors. Comparisons with other disturbance‐decoupling methods for FDI based on neural networks (NNs) and unknown input kalman filter (UIKF) are finally reported.
Optimal Reconfiguration of Formation Flying Using A Direct Sequential Method (2017)

Formation flying of multiple Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) or satellites enables cooperation among agents, and thus constitutes a system of greater performance than the simple sum of its parts by taking advantage of that cooperation. As a prerequisite, how to reconfigure, energy-optimally or time-optimally, from the current formation to the desired one shall be planned beforehand. This paper addresses such a planning problem from the perspective of optimal control that exploits a direct sequential method. In our study, during the reconfiguration agents subject to nonlinear dynamics, and final formation constraints are imposed where there exist unknown parameters to be determined optimally. In the developed direct method the original problem is transcribed into a sequence of convex optimization problems via the control vector parameterization approach using piecewise-constant approximation. In the end, each instance in the sequence is essentially a programming problem (quadratic or linear) subject to linear constraints that can be solved very efficiently. In this paper, the proposed method has been applied to two scenarios: the energy-optimal reconfiguration of five UAVs and the time-optimal formation reconfiguration of four satellites. In our implementation the free open source solver CVX is used. By comparison with the global optimization technique provided in MATLAB, the solutions converge very fast to the global minimum.
Elicitation of immune responses against Nipah virus by an engineered synthetic DNA vaccine (2022)

Nipah virus (NiV) is a re-emerging pathogen that causes severe disease in animals and humans. Current treatment measures for NiV infection are insufficient, and there is no approved vaccine against NiV for either humans or animals. Nipah virus is listed as a high-priority pathogen for vaccine and therapeutic research by the World Health Organization (WHO). In the present study, we employed synthetic enhanced DNA technologies developed to design and produce novel consensus NiV Fusion (NiV-F) and Glycoprotein (NiV-G) antigen sequences for inclusion in synthetic DNA vaccines for NiV. The expression of each vaccine antigen was confirmed in vitro using immune-binding assays. Electroporation-enhanced intramuscular injection of each NiV-F and NiV-G into mice induced potent cellular immune responses to multiple epitopes of NiV-G and NiV-F that included antigen-specific CD8 + T cells. Both vaccines elicited high antibody titers in mice, with a single immunization sufficient to seroconvert 100% of immunized animals. Additionally, the NiV-F vaccine also induced antibodies to neutralize NiV-F-pseudotyped virus particles. These data support further study of these novel synthetic enhanced NiV nucleic acid-based antigens as potential components of an effective vaccine against the Nipah virus.
ILoveSketch (2008)

We present ILoveSketch, a 3D curve sketching system that captures some of the affordances of pen and paper for professional designers, allowing them to iterate directly on concept 3D curve models. The system coherently integrates existing techniques of sketch-based interaction with a number of novel and enhanced features. Novel contributions of the system include automatic view rotation to improve curve sketchability, an axis widget for sketch surface selection, and implicitly inferred changes between sketching techniques. We also improve on a number of existing ideas such as a virtual sketchbook, simplified 2D and 3D view navigation, multi-stroke NURBS curve creation, and a cohesive gesture vocabulary. An evaluation by a professional designer shows the potential of our system for deployment within a real design process.
Treatment of contaminated wastewater at Oak Ridge National Laboratory (1993)

Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), an energy research and radioisotope production facility, operates two centralized liquid waste treatment systems, one for liquid low-level waste (LLLW) system and the other for process waste (PW). New regulatory and waste minimization requirements have led ORNL to consider zeolite ion exchangers for removing cesium and strontium from LLLW and PW streams for their economic advantages, selective molecular sieve properties, and ease of disposal. Natural and synthetic zeolites have been compared with inorganic and organic ion exchangers for these applications.
Enhancing thein vitrocytotoxic activity of Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol in leukemic cells through a combinatorial approach (2008)

Delta(9)-Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) is the active metabolite of cannabis, which has demonstrable cytotoxic activity in vitro. In support of our previously published data, we have investigated the interactions between THC and anti-leukemia therapies and studied the role of the signalling pathways in mediating these effects. Results showed clear synergistic interactions between THC and the cytotoxic agents in leukemic cells. Additionally, exposure of cells to sub lethal levels of THC (1 microM) sensitised cells to these cytotoxic agents, by reducing IC(50) values by approximately 50%. Sensitisation appeared to be dependent upon the ability of THC to down regulate phosphorylated ERK, as cells dominantly expressive of MEK were not sensitised to the cytotoxic drugs by equi-molar amounts of THC. Overall, these results demonstrate for the first time that a combination approach with THC and established cytotoxic agents may enhance cell death in vitro. Additionally the MAPK/ERK pathway appears responsible in part for these effects.
A general purpose, multiple-way partitioning algorithm (1994)

Multiple-way partitioning is an important extension of two-way partitioning as it provides a more natural and direct model for many partitioning applications. In this paper, we discuss several objective functions derived from such an extension and propose an iterative improvement algorithm to solve the multiple-way partitioning problem. The algorithm proceeds in three phases. The first phase employs a recursive ratio-cut scheme to group highly connected subcircuits into clusters. The second phase performs iterative improvement on the clustered circuit using a Dew net-based move model and a Primal-Dual refinement procedure. The third phase is the same as the second phase except that the iterative improvement is done on the original circuit. Experiments show good results in all tested cases.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
The Treatment of Chronic Depression, Part 2 (1998)

These results indicate that patients suffering from depression with high chronicity can achieve a good therapeutic response to acute treatment with either sertraline or imipramine, although sertraline is better tolerated.
Exopolysaccharide Colanic Acid and Its Occurrence in the Enterobacteriaceae (1969)

A study of strains from the genera Salmonella, Escherichia, and Aerobacter has shown that under appropriate conditions many strains produce an exopolysaccharide slime of identical composition, which has been identified as colanic acid on the basis of its chemical composition and its sensitivity to certain bacteriophage-induced depolymerase enzymes. Chemical analysis shows that the polysaccharide contains O-acetyl groups in addition to the sugars glucose, galactose, fucose, and glucuronic acid. Mild acid hydrolysis has led to the isolation of a beta-glucosylfucose in addition to glucuronic acid containing oligosaccharides. Many strains were found to synthesize colanic acid under normal conditions of growth or under conditions favoring polysaccharide synthesis, whereas others only synthesized colanic acid when the control mechanism was derepressed by p-fluorophenylalanine.
Preparation of useful building blocks, α-iodo- and bromoalkanols from cyclic ethers using the Dowex H+/NaX (X = I, Br) approach (2016)

Novel method for preparation of α-iodo- and bromoalkanols directly from cyclic ethers has been developed. Prepared compounds are highly important building blocks in synthetic chemistry for the preparation of more complex molecules.
Highly Scalable Tensor Factorization for Prediction of Drug-Protein\n Interaction Type (2015)

The understanding of the type of inhibitory interaction plays an important\nrole in drug design. Therefore, researchers are interested to know whether a\ndrug has competitive or non-competitive interaction to particular protein\ntargets.\n Method: to analyze the interaction types we propose factorization method\nMacau which allows us to combine different measurement types into a single\ntensor together with proteins and compounds. The compounds are characterized by\nhigh dimensional 2D ECFP fingerprints. The novelty of the proposed method is\nthat using a specially designed noise injection MCMC sampler it can incorporate\nhigh dimensional side information, i.e., millions of unique 2D ECFP compound\nfeatures, even for large scale datasets of millions of compounds. Without the\nside information, in this case, the tensor factorization would be practically\nfutile.\n Results: using public IC50 and Ki data from ChEMBL we trained a model from\nwhere we can identify the latent subspace separating the two measurement types\n(IC50 and Ki). The results suggest the proposed method can detect the\ncompetitive inhibitory activity between compounds and proteins.\n
Sight-threatening acute orbital swelling from peribulbar local anesthesia (1999)

Severe allergic reactions to peribulbar local anesthesia are extremely rare. A 70-year-old woman presented with acute orbital swelling and optic nerve dysfunction after a peribulbar local anesthetic injection. The patient was treated with acute orbital decompression as well as intravenous antibiotics and methylprednisolone; she made a good recovery. An allergy, probably to lignocaine, was the most likely cause. Urgent recognition and treatment of this condition may prevent potentially serious visual consequences.
Crystal Structure of Lactadherin C2 Domain at 1.7Å Resolution with Mutational and Computational Analyses of Its Membrane-binding Motif (2007)

Lactadherin is a phosphatidyl-L-serine (Ptd-L-Ser)-binding protein that decorates membranes of milk fat globules. The major Ptd-l-Ser binding function of lactadherin has been localized to its C2 domain, which shares homology with the C2 domains of blood coagulation factor VIII and factor V. Correlating with this homology, purified lactadherin competes efficiently with factors VIII and V for Ptd-L-Ser binding sites, functioning as a potent anticoagulant. We have determined the crystal structure of the lactadherin C2 domain (Lact-C2) at 1.7A resolution. The bovine Lact-C2 structure has a beta-barrel core that is homologous with the factor VIII C2 (fVIII-C2) and factor V C2 (fV-C2) domains. Two loops at the end of the beta-barrel, designated spikes 1 and 3, display four water-exposed hydrophobic amino acids, reminiscent of the membrane-interactive residues of fVIII-C2 and fV-C2. In contrast to the corresponding loops in fVIII-C2 and fV-C2, spike 1 of Lact-C2 adopts a hairpin turn in which the 7-residue loop is stabilized by internal hydrogen bonds. Further, central glycine residues in two membrane-interactive loops may enhance conformability of Lact-C2 to membrane binding sites. Mutagenesis studies confirmed a membrane-interactive role for the hydrophobic and/or Gly residues of both spike 1 and spike 3. Substitution of spike 1 of fVIII-C2 into Lact-C2 also diminished binding. Computational ligand docking studies identified two prospective Ptd-l-Ser interaction sites. These results identify two membrane-interactive loops of Lact-C2 and provide a structural basis for the more efficient phospholipid binding of lactadherin as compared with factor VIII and factor V.
Molecular cytogenetic characterization of del(7q) in two uterine leiomyoma-derived cell lines (1997)

Uterine leiomyoma cytogenetically exhibits at least six chromosomally abnormal subgroups. The largest subgroup is characterized by deletions of the long arm of chromosome 7. Few molecular and fluorescence in situ hybridization data are available that have aimed at a better definition of the lesion. Here, we report the results of a partial molecular cytogenetic characterization of two del(7q) chromosomes that were derived from cell lines established from two uterine leiomyomas with del(7)(q22q32). By using a large series of ordered 7q markers, we were able to identify the most proximal and the most distal conserved markers, which delineate the size of the deletion and which allow for a more targeted approach to the nature and function of genes that are possibly relevant for the pathogenesis of the disorder.
Combating imbalance in network intrusion datasets (2006)

An approach to combating network intrusion is the development of systems applying machine learning and data min- ing techniques. Many IDS (Intrusion Detection Systems) suffer from a high rate of false alarms and missed intrusions. We want to be able to improve the intrusion detection rate at a reduced false positive rate. The focus of this paper is rule-learning, using RIPPER, on highly imbalanced intrusion datasets with an objective to improve the true positive rate (intrusions) without significantly increasing the false positives. We use RIPPER as the underlying rule classifier. To counter imbalance in data, we implement a combination of oversampling (both by replication and synthetic generation) and undersampling techniques. We also propose a clustering based methodology for oversampling by generating synthetic instances. We evaluate our approaches on two intrusion datasets — destination and actual packets based — constructed from actual Notre Dame traffic, giving a flavor of real-world data with its idiosyncrasies. Using ROC analysis, we show that oversampling by synthetic generation of minority (intrusion) class outperforms oversampling by replication and RIPPER's loss ratio method. Additionally, we establish that our clustering based approach is more suitable for the detecting intrusions and is able to provide additional improvement over just synthetic generation of instances.