gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Utilizing the auditory systems processing capabilities in the development of methods to auto-steer signal processing strategies in hearing instruments (2006)

Hearing instruments have evolved in both the hardware and signal processing domains, providing more computational capabilities and sophisticated sound processing strategies. Static or adaptive methods are employed by these sound processing strategies to achieve a desired output. Due to the adaptive nature of some of these processing strategies and the continual increase in the number of parameters that can interact negatively with each other, there is a need to provide some method of global control over the parameter states. In addition, due to individual needs of the end user, parameter states in a hearing instrument may not satisfy the broad range of acoustic environments that a listener encounters, so identification of particular acoustic environment characteristics is also important. The purpose of this work is to introduce and discuss these problems and some of the current research efforts addressing environmental classification and global control of a hearing instrument’s parameter states. The scope of this discussion will be on strategies employed to meet the needs of the end user in reference to the acoustic environment they identify as having a negative impact on their auditory experience and the desired performance they expect from the hearing instrument in that environment.
Generalized Disjunction Decomposition for the Evolution of Programmable Logic Array Structures (2006)

Evolvable hardware refers to a self reconfigurable electronic circuit, where the circuit configuration is under the control of an evolutionary algorithm. Evolvable hardware has shown one of its main deficiencies, when applied to solving real world applications, to be scalability. In the past few years several techniques have been proposed to avoid and/or solve this problem. Generalized disjunction decomposition (GDD) is one of these proposed methods. GDD was successful for the evolution of large combinational logic circuits based on a FPGA structure when used together with bi-directional incremental evolution and with (1+lambda) evolution strategy. In this paper a modified generalized disjunction decomposition, together with a recently introduced multi-population genetic algorithm, are implemented and tested for its scalability for solving large combinational logic circuits based on programmable logic array (PLA) structures
18 O/ 16 O isotopic separation in anodic tantala films by glow discharge time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (2009)

Abstract Glow discharge mass spectrometry has been widely used for trace and ultra‐trace element analysis of high‐purity alloys. A novel pulsed radio frequency glow discharge time‐of‐flight mass spectrometer (rf GD TOFMS) has been developed that retains the pulsed radio frequency analytical ion source to provide ion signal enhancement due to processes involving Penning ionisation. A time‐resolved detection mode has been implemented to sample the afterglow regime of the pulse profile, corresponding to the highest ion signal intensities. Here, the performance of rf GD TOFMS in isotope differentiation is discussed. Anodic tantala films, comprising 18 O‐rich layers of controlled thicknesses and locations, were formed by appropriate combination of anodising of tantalum in electrolytes enriched with 18 O isotopes and of natural O isotopic abundance. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and radio frequency glow discharge optical emission spectrometry (rf GD OES) analyses were performed to examine the morphology and elemental distributions of the specimens, while the content of 18 O in the 18 O‐rich layers was determined by elastic recoil detection analysis(ERDA). In pulsed rf GD TOFMS analysis, characteristic ionic species formed in the glow discharge allows differentiation of 18 O‐rich layers. Particularly, the location of 18 O‐rich layers was determined from the 16 O 18 O and Ta 18 O ion signals at masses m / z 34 and 199, respectively. The locations of 18 O‐rich layers in anodic films, controlled by the selected anodising conditions, were probed precisely. The 18 O profiles in anodic tantala were directly compared with those obtained by dual beam time‐of‐flight SIMS. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.
Mutation detection using plasma circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) in a cohort of asymptomatic adults at increased risk for cancer. (2018)

The observed false positive rate of ctDNA on a 96-mutation assay in an asymptomatic high-risk population is much greater than the true positive rate, limiting its usefulness as a cancer screening tool in its current form.
An improved stent for use in the surgical management of congenital posterior choanal atresia (1988)

The advantage of Foley catheter stenting for choanal atresia are that: 1. It is well tolerated by the patient. 2. It is simple to introduce, fix and remove. 3. It minimizes septal or columellar necrosis. 4. It minimizes nasal cavity and paranasal sinus infection. 5. It is adjustable in that pressure on the choanal walls can be controlled by inflation or deflation of the balloon as necessary. 6. It is easy to fix in cases of unilateral atresia. To date the use of this method has been uniformly satisfactory, without complications.
Semen characteristics of normal and vasectomized dogs. (1976)

Apparently healthy adult male stray dogs were used. They were quarantined for 2 weeks dewormed deticked and maintained under uniform conditions. Artificial sperm collections were made at intervals before and after vasectomies. Standard vasectomies were done on 35 dogs and defective vasectomies or vas occlusions were done on 15 dogs in connection with a separate study. Defective vasectomies consisted of ligating the vasal arteries or the internal spermatic arteries and veins along with the vas cutting between sutures and tying the ends together. Defective vasal occlusions were done by inserting nylon thread or copper wire into the lumen of the vas and then putting 1 or 2 ligatures over the occluded area. Postvasectomy collections were made 16-223 days after the operations. pH of ejaculate was determined immediately after collection. It varied from 6.7 to 6.8. In prevasectomy samples the color of the semen was mostly watery grey or turbid white. In 4 cases it was yellowish. In postvasectomy samples color was mostly clear watery or a slight turbid grey. consistency was thin milky in prevasectomy and watery in postvasectomy samples. In the majority of postvasectomy specimens oligospermia or azoospermia was noted. Motility varied from 0 to 40%. The concentration of electrolytes (Na K and Mg) remained unaltered. In postvasectomy ejaculates there was a significant fall in calcium content (p less than .05). Volume of ejaculate decreased in most cases. With the defective vasectomy operations a marked increase in sperm abnormalities was noted and motility was greatly decreased. Lactic acid content of the semen increased.
Network-Wide Anomaly Detection Based on Router Connection Relationships (2011)

Detecting distributed anomalies rapidly and accurately is critical for efficient backbone network management. In this letter, we propose a novel anomaly detection method that uses router connection relationships to detect distributed anomalies in the backbone Internet. The proposed method unveils the underlying relationships among abnormal traffic behavior through closed frequent graph mining, which makes the detection effective and scalable.
Enhanced oxygen exchange of perovskite oxide surfaces through strain-driven chemical stabilization (2017)

Concurrent studies of lattice strain, surface composition, and surface reactivity of a model perovskite oxide electrode provide a practical solution for effectively improving the durability of solid oxide electrochemical cell electrode.
Effects of Carrier Gas on Carbon Incorporation in GaN (2014)

GaN epitaxial layers were grown on Si (111) substrates by metal organic chemical vapor deposition. Carbon concentrations in the films grown in different ambients were measured by secondary ion mass spectrometry. The results show that the carbon incorporation is strongly dependent on the H2 flow rate when the NH3 flow rate is small, but insensitive to the H2 flow rate when the NH3 flow rate is sufficient large. We conclude that H2 can inhibit the dissociation of NH3 and result in a less active N source; an insufficiently active N source causes more N vacancies, which enhances carbon incorporation.
Reduction in greenhouse gas emissions due to the use of bio-ethanol from wheat grain and straw produced in the south-eastern USA (2010)

SUMMARY Biofuels can reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions by replacing fossil fuels. However, the energy yield from agronomic crops varies due to local climate, weather and soil variability. A variation in the yield of raw material used (feedstock) could also cause variability in GHG reductions if biofuels are used. The goal of the present study was to determine the net reduction of GHG emissions if ethanol from wheat produced in different regions of the south-eastern USA is used as an alternative to gasoline from fossil fuel sources. Two scenarios were investigated; the first included ethanol produced from grain only, and the second included ethanol produced from both grain and wheat straw. Winter wheat yield was simulated with the Cropping System Model (CSM)-CERES-Wheat model for climate, soil and crop management representing six counties in the following USA states: Alabama, Florida and Georgia. Ethanol production was determined from the simulated grain and straw yields together with fixed grain and straw yield ethanol ratios. Subsequently, net reductions in GHG emissions were determined by accounting for the emissions from the replaced gasoline, and by animal feed and electricity that were replaced by ethanol processing co-products. Greenhouse gases that were emitted in the ethanol production chain were also taken into account. Across all locations, the reduction in GHG emissions was 187 g CO 2 -equivalents/km in the grain-only scenario and 208 g CO 2 -equivalents/km in the grain and straw scenario. The reductions in GHG emissions varied significantly between locations and growing seasons within the two scenarios. Similar approaches could be applied to assess the environmental impact of GHG emissions from other biofuels.
Chemical Reaction of Hydrocarbons in the Microwave Discharge I: On the Mechanism of the Decomposition of Ethane and Ethylene (1971)

The decomposition of acetylene, ethane, ethylene and methane in the microwave discharge (2450 MHz) has been investigated in the flow system at about 1 torr.The residence time of hydrocarbons in the discharge zone ranged from 1 msec to 10 msec.Hydrogen was the major gaseous product in every case.A variety of low molecular weight hydrocarbons were produced except for the case of acetylene where the gaseous products were hydrogen and diacetylene.The variation of the product distribution with the residence time was examined.The isotopic analyses of products in the discharge in C2Ha+ C2D4 mixtures and in C2H6+C2D6 mixtures have revealed the importance of molecular detachment process in the formation of dehydrogenated products.Infra-red analyses of the polymeric films formed on the wall of discharge zone indicated that they are almost identical to polyethy lene except for the case of acetylene.
ChemInform Abstract: Development of a Fluorescein Analogue, TokyoMagenta, as a Novel Scaffold for Fluorescence Probes in Red Region. (2011)

Abstract The new Si‐substituted fluorescence probe (Ia) possesses a high off/on activation ratio with a large red shift and a strong fluorescence intensity.
Surface Segregation and Phase Formation in Thin Films of SOFC Cathode Materials (2014)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Experimental Results and Discussion Conclusions Acknowledgements
Movie 1 from Mesenchymal Stem Cell–Derived Exosomes Stimulate Cycling Quiescence and Early Breast Cancer Dormancy in Bone Marrow (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Nanoparticle Tracking Analysis using the Nanosight&lt;/p&gt;
Dynamics of DNA Replication Factories in Living Cells (2000)

DNA replication occurs in microscopically visible complexes at discrete sites (replication foci) in the nucleus. These foci consist of DNA associated with replication machineries, i.e., large protein complexes involved in DNA replication. To study the dynamics of these nuclear replication foci in living cells, we fused proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), a central component of the replication machinery, with the green fluorescent protein (GFP). Imaging of stable cell lines expressing low levels of GFP-PCNA showed that replication foci are heterogeneous in size and lifetime. Time-lapse studies revealed that replication foci clearly differ from nuclear speckles and coiled bodies as they neither show directional movements, nor do they seem to merge or divide. These four dimensional analyses suggested that replication factories are stably anchored in the nucleus and that changes in the pattern occur through gradual, coordinated, but asynchronous, assembly and disassembly throughout S phase.
Quadriceps miR-542-3p and -5p are elevated in COPD and reduce function by inhibiting ribosomal and protein synthesis (2019)

Reduced physical performance reduces quality of life in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Impaired physical performance is, in part, a consequence of reduced muscle mass and function, which is accompanied by mitochondrial dysfunction. We recently showed that miR-542-3p and miR-542-5p were elevated in a small cohort of COPD patients and more markedly in critical care patients. In mice, these microRNAs (miRNAs) promoted mitochondrial dysfunction suggesting that they would affect physical performance in patients with COPD, but we did not explore the association of these miRNAs with disease severity or physical performance further. We therefore quantified miR-542-3p/5p and mitochondrial rRNA expression in RNA extracted from quadriceps muscle of patients with COPD and determined their association with physical performance. As miR-542-3p inhibits ribosomal protein synthesis its ability to inhibit protein synthesis was also determined in vitro. Both miR-542-3p expression and -5p expression were elevated in patients with COPD (5-fold <i>P</i> < 0.001) and the degree of elevation associated with impaired lung function (transfer capacity of the lung for CO in % and forced expiratory volume in 1 s in %) and physical performance (6-min walk distance in %). In COPD patients, the ratio of 12S rRNA to 16S rRNA was suppressed suggesting mitochondrial ribosomal stress and mitochondrial dysfunction and miR-542-3p/5p expression was inversely associated with mitochondrial gene expression and positively associated with p53 activity. miR-542-3p suppressed RPS23 expression and maximal protein synthesis in vitro. Our data show that miR-542-3p and -5p expression is elevated in COPD patients and may suppress physical performance at least in part by inhibiting mitochondrial and cytoplasmic ribosome synthesis and suppressing protein synthesis. <b>NEW & NOTEWORTHY</b> miR-542-3p and -5p are elevated in the quadriceps muscle of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in proportion to the severity of their lung disease. These microRNAs inhibit mitochondrial and cytoplasmic protein synthesis suggesting that they contribute to impaired exercise performance in COPD.
Phosphoprotein enriched in diabetes (PED/PEA15) promotes migration in hepatocellular carcinoma and confers resistance to sorafenib (2017)

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the third-leading cause of cancer-related death with limited treatment options and frequent resistance to sorafenib, the only drug currently approved for first-line therapy. Therefore, better understanding of HCC tumor biology and its resistance to treatment is urgently needed. Here, we analyzed the role of phosphoprotein enriched in diabetes (PED) in HCC. PED has been shown to regulate cell proliferation, apoptosis and migration in several types of cancer. However, its function in HCC has not been addressed yet. Our study revealed that both transcript and protein levels of PED were significantly high in HCC compared with non-tumoral tissue. Clinico-pathological correlation revealed that PED<sup>high</sup> HCCs showed an enrichment of gene signatures associated with metastasis and poor prognosis. Further, we observed that PED overexpression elevated the migration potential and PED silencing the decreased migration potential in liver cancer cell lines without effecting cell proliferation. Interestingly, we found that PED expression was regulated by a hepatocyte specific nuclear factor, HNF4α. A reduction of HNF4α induced an increase in PED expression and consequently, promoted cell migration in vitro. Finally, PED reduced the antitumoral effect of sorafenib by inhibiting caspase-3/7 activity. In conclusion, our data suggest that PED has a prominent role in HCC biology. It acts particularly on promoting cell migration and confers resistance to sorafenib treatment. PED may be a novel target for HCC therapy and serve as a predictive marker for treatment response against sorafenib.
Policy expression and enforcement for handheld devices (2003)

NIST) promotes the U.S. economy and public welfare by
Strategies for building a successful ultrasound guided FNA practice in department of pathology—Experience at a university hospital (2017)

The authors' initial 8 months experience and strategies in setting up a new US-FNA practice in a new institution are discussed to highlight obstacles encountered and approaches that promoted the successful establishment of a new service. A conservative approach, focusing on building partnerships with existing clinical services, can be successfully implemented in most institutions, if appropriate strategies are applied. The main strategy is to ensure that the best interests of patients remain the primary focus and that everything possible is done to improve the quality and effectiveness of patient care by providing the best possible diagnostic US-FNA service, to enable optimal clinical management.
Vanadium dioxide films with good electrical switching property (1996)

A novel method is described for preparing high-quality thin films which exhibit an abrupt resistivity change of 4 - 5 orders of magnitude at about ; this is the best result among those so far prepared on non-crystal substrates. To show the difference from the ordinary sol - gel method which uses vanadium alkoxide as precursor, this method has been called (by the authors) the inorganic sol - gel method, for it uses powder as precursor. This newly developed method shows some advantages in that it produces high-quality thin films (adherent, crack-free, and with good switching properties) in a cheap, simple, and reproducible way. The method consists of four processes: quenching, coating, drying and vacuum heat treatment. These processes show strong effects on the properties of the final films. In this paper, the effects of the drying process on the film blistering and the effects of film thickness, quenching temperature, and heat treatment time on the resistivity switching property were studied, and DSC, XRD, ESCA, and SEM were utilized to study the drying process and characterize the films. It was found that when the drying temperature was and heating rate was in the drying process, the final films would be blister-free and crack-free (on non-crystal substrates). It was also found that the magnitude of resistivity change at the phase transition of the samples treated at for 10 h under a pressure of 0.8 Pa increased with increasing thickness (in the thickness range 0.4 to ). When the film thickness was about , the magnitude of resistivity change of the samples treated under the same conditions was found to decrease with increasing quenching temperature. In a certain range of treatment time the magnitude of resistivity change of the samples treated at under a pressure of 0.8 Pa was found to increase with increasing heat treatment time.
Fatal Pancarditis Associated with Human Granulocytic Ehrlichiosis in a 44-Year-Old Man (1998)

Human cases of infection with a granulocytotropic Ehrlichia species closely related to Ehrlichia equi are now being described with increasing frequency in the United States, especially in areas where Lyme disease is already endemic. We describe a case of fatal pancarditis during the course of human granulocytic ehrlichiosis (HGE) in a 44-year-old outdoor worker who was previously treated for presumptive Lyme disease. Serological and molecular diagnostic tests for Borrelia burgdorferi and Babesia microti infections were negative. Postmortem serum specimens were seroreactive for HGE, and molecular evidence of infection with the HGE agent was obtained. These findings suggest that carditis may be a manifestation of HGE, further complicating the differential diagnosis of tick-borne illness.
Using a standardised patient assessment to measure professional attributes (2004)

While some professional behaviours are probably best measured using formats such as surveys, self-assessment and critical incident techniques, certain aspects of the domain can be reliably and validly measured in SP examinations.
Caco-2 cell disaccharidase activities are unaffected by gestational hormones (1996)

We previously reported that lactose handling was significantly improved during late-phase pregnancy in women with a genetically determined adult-type hypolactasia. However, the adaptive mechanisms underlying the enhanced lactose digestion during pregnancy are not clear. Progesterone therapy has been associated in animals with increased intestinal lactase activity. To investigate the potential role of progesterone and estrogen as modulators of human lactase activity during pregnancy, we employed the human-derived intestinal epithelial Caco-2 cell line. Measurements of lactase and sucrase activities were performed in parallel with DNA content in progesterone- and estrogen-treated cells after 5, 10, and 30 days of confluency. Caco-2 monolayer DNA content was observed to increase with duration of culture to an equivalent extent in both hormone-treated and control cultures. Lactase and sucrase activities were similarly unaltered by incubation with either progesterone or estrogen, at any time point tested. These data demonstrate that gestational hormones do not influence intestinal cell number nor disaccharidase activity in Caco-2 cells, at the doses tested. Although these studies were carried out in a malignant cell line, our data suggest that the improved lactose handling observed during pregnancy is probably related to prolonged intestinal transit.
Effect of butanolic fraction of yellow and black maca (Lepidium meyenii) on the sperm count of adult mice (2016)

Lepidium meyenii, known as maca, is a popular nutraceutical food which is grown over 4,000 m above sea level in the Peruvian central highlands. Maca contains alkaloids, but there are no studies on their biological effects. The butanol fraction obtained from methanol extract of maca hypocotyls contains alkaloids. The effects of butanol/aqueous fractions partitioned from methanol extract of yellow and black maca were examined. Total phenolic content (TPC) and antioxidant capacity by 2,2'-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl were used to evaluate maca fractions in vitro. Daily sperm production and sperm count in epididymis and vas deferens in mice were determined as biological effect of maca extracts in vivo. Yellow maca (21.7%±0.69) had better antioxidant capacity than black maca (18.2% ± 0.12; p < .01). Antioxidant activity was better in the methanolic fraction than in the aqueous fraction of yellow or black maca. TPC is higher in the aqueous fraction than in the methanolic extract of yellow or black maca. Black maca administration resulted in higher concentration of sperm count in epididymis and vas deferens compared to yellow maca. A higher biological effect was observed in methanolic extract and in aqueous extract than in the butanol fraction of maca. In conclusion, better biological effect was observed in the methanolic extract of maca than in its partitioned fractions.