gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The mobility gaps in a-Si:H and its effects on solar cell performance (2002)

Internal photoemission of both electrons and holes was used to investigate the movement of mobility edges in a-Si:H. Shifts of the electron mobility edges were observed with changes in the optical gap, E/sub opt/ due to temperature and incorporation of hydrogen. Mobility gaps of 1.8 to 1.9 eV were measured for plasma-assisted CVD (chemical-vapor-deposited) films with optical gaps from 1.73 to 1.76 eV. The large effects of the differences between E/sub opt/ and the mobility gap in a-Si:H on solar cell performance are demonstrated using detailed numerical modeling of the maximum open-circuit voltage. The results obtained show that, for the commonly used a-Si:H materials with E/sub opt/ from 1.70 to 1.75 eV, the maximum open-circuit voltage that can be obtained, even with p-i-n homojunction cells, is 1.0 eV. This indicates that the V/sub oc/ in present solar cells is not limited by the intrinsic properties of the a-Si:H.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Les prothèses totales de genou infectées. Orientation du choix thérapeutique. (1994)

PURPOSE OF THE STUDY: The aim of the study is to assess the functional results and septic evolution in the treatment of infected total knee arthroplasties. MATERIAL AND METHODS: 22 patients were reviewed; 8 were initially treated in our institution and 14 transferred from other hospitals. Articular debridement alone leaving the prosthesis in situ was initiated in 3 of our 8 patients as well as in 6 of the transferred cases. In both groups, this procedure appeared to be a failure. Prosthetic-reimplantation procedure was elected in 10 patients either as a one-stage (5 cases) or a two-stage surgery (5 cases). This has been successfully rated in 7 cases. Femoro-tibial arthrodesis was performed in 15 patients, three of them being a failure of the prosthetic reimplantation. Follow-up ranges from 16 months to 9 years with well documented records. RESULTS: As stated earlier, articular debridement alone has not proven to be a helpful procedure since it did not eradicate the septic complication in any case. Prosthetic reimplantation has been a successful treatment in 7 of the 10 attempted cases. The one-stage procedure is providing the best functional result. Recurrent infection occurred in 3 cases: there were patients with poor host defense (diabetes, arteritis, old age, ...) with resistant bacteria complicating a hinge-knee prosthesis. Femoro-tibial arthrodesis was achieved in 10 of the 15 patients and necessitated all together 23 surgical operations. The highest union rate was observed in cases where sterile conditions were achieved, fixation being performed with an intramedullary nail. Failure of arthrodesis confines the patients in such an uncomfortable situation that 2 of them has asked for an amputation. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: Early surgical debridement may occasionally salve a prosthesis when it is performed shortly after the onset of infection, in an unloosened unconstrained prosthesis infected by a low-virulence organism. In our study, no patient but one met those criteria. For those cases nevertheless, our procedure of choice is now the one-stage reimplantation who seems to be more effective for eradicating the infection and gives rise to a better clinical result. The two-stage reimplantation is the current procedure for handling an infected knee prosthesis. Some patients are still excluded from this procedure because of their poor health condition, bone loss, inadequate viability of skin and extensor mechanism or an uncontrolled sepsis. For such a case, arthrodesis remains the most reliable method of management, especially when it can be stabilized with an intramedullary fixation, which implies to perform a two-stage arthrodesis.
Detection of protein kinase activity by renaturation in sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gels (1986)

The authors have developed a procedure for identifying protein kinase activity in protein samples following electrophoresis on SDS-polyacrylamide gels. Proteins are allowed to renature directly in the gel by removal of detergent. The gel is then incubated with (..gamma..-/sup 32/P)ATP to allow renatured protein kinases to autophosphorylate or to phosphorylate various substrates which can be incorporated into the gel. The positions of the radiolabeled proteins can then be detected by autoradiography. With this technique, using purified catalytic subunit of cAMP-dependent protein kinase, enzyme concentrations as low as 0.01 ..mu..g can be detected on gels containing 1.0 mg/ml casein. The procedure is also applicable for the determination of active subunits of multisubunit protein kinases. For example, when the two subunits of casein kinase II are separated by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and allowed to renature, only the larger ..cap alpha.. subunit shows activity. This procedure can also be used to detect and distinguish kinases present in heterogeneous mixtures. Starting with a particulate fraction from LSTRA, a murine T cell lymphoma, several distinct enzymes were detected, including a 30,000 Dalton protein with protein-tyrosine kinase activity. This same enzyme has also been detected in T lymphocytes and other T lymphoid cell lines.
An RDF Editor and Portal for the Semantic Web. (2002)

RDF is emerging as one of the main languages for creating semantic markup on the web. The RDF Editor combines WYSIWIG HTML editing with a semantic web portal for guided semantic markup using distributed vocabularies. Instead of serving as a platform for developing vocabularies and relationships, this editor is designed to provide a simple interface for users to add RDF to their HTML documents as they are created. Users can search online repositories for existing ontologies to borrow terms for use in their own documents. This paper describes the implementation and interface features of the tool.
Comparison of Positive End-Expiratory Pressure of 8 versus 5 cm H2O on Outcome After Cardiac Operations (2014)

Patients being mechanically ventilated after cardiac operations with an initial postoperative PEEP setting of 8 versus 5 cm H2O differed significantly only on hospital LOS but the difference was likely clinically unimportant. Thus, use of 8 cm H2O PEEP in these patients without a clinical indication, although likely not harmful, does not seem beneficial.
Substrate Specificity of Mammalian Prenyl Protein-Specific Endoprotease Activity (1998)

We have previously identified proteolytic activity in rat liver microsomes that cleaves an intact tripeptide, VIS, from S-farnesylated-CVIS tetrapeptide. This enzymatic activity, termed prenyl protein-specific endoprotease (PPEP) activity, has been solubilized in CHAPS and purified 5-fold. To probe the peptide recognition features of PPEP activity, 64 tripeptides [N-acetyl-C(S-farnesyl)a1a2] were prepared and tested as competitive inhibitors of PPEP activity-catalyzed hydrolysis of N-acetyl-C(S-farnesyl)VI[3H]S. It was found that PPEP activity prefers large hydrophobic residues in the a1 and a2 positions. A subset of N-acetyl-C(S-farnesyl)a1a2 peptides were prepared in radiolabeled form, and it was found that PPEP activity preferences for these substrates correlated well in most cases with the inhibition data. The exception is that R in the a1 position does not prevent binding of peptide to PPEP activity, but such peptides are poor substrates. The anionic residue D in the a2 position is not tolerated by PPEP activity. Five farnesylated radiolabeled tetrapeptides, Ac-C(F)FM[3H]L, Ac-C(F)LI[3H]L, Ac-C(F)LL[3H]L, Ac-C(F)LM[3H]L, and Ac-C(F)VI[3H]L were prepared, and PPEP activity kinetic studies revealed that they are good substrates and show comparable KM values (2.2-13.5 microM). Ac-C(F)RL[3H]S is a poor substrate. The reported peptide binding preferences of PPEP activity should be useful in designing compounds that block the C-terminal proteolysis of prenylated proteins. Nonprenylated peptides do not bind to PPEP activity, and replacement of the farnesyl group with ann-pentadecyl group modestly reduces binding. Peptide-membrane partitioning studies were used together with theoretical arguments to fully understand the substrate specificity of PPEP activity toward these compounds.
The Lys198Asn Polymorphism in the Endothelin-1 Gene Is Associated With Blood Pressure in Overweight People (1999)

There is accumulating evidence that endothelin-1 plays an important role in vascular pathophysiology. Our objective was to examine whether molecular variations at the endothelin-1 locus were involved in susceptibility to myocardial infarction and variation in blood pressure. The entire coding sequence and 1.4 kb of the 5' flanking region were screened. Five polymorphisms were detected, which were genotyped in the ECTIM (Etude Cas-Témoin de l'Infarctus du Myocarde) Study, a multicenter study comparing 648 male patients who had survived a myocardial infarction and 760 population-based controls. The polymorphisms were not associated with myocardial infarction, nor did they contribute to blood pressure levels in the population at large. However, a G/T polymorphism predicting an Lys/Asn change (ET1/C198) strongly interacted (P<0.001) with body mass index in the determination of blood pressure levels. There was a steeper increase of blood pressure with body mass index in carriers of the T allele than in GG homozygotes. As a consequence, the T allele was associated with an increase of blood pressure in overweight subjects (body mass index >/=26 kg/m2), while no significant effect was observed in lean subjects (body mass index <26 kg/m2). To determine whether this finding could be replicated, the ET1/C198 was genotyped in the Glasgow Heart Scan Study, a population-based study including 619 men and 663 women. Subjects homozygous for the T allele had higher resting blood pressure levels than others (P<0.05). A similar interaction between the T allele and body mass index was observed on the maximum blood pressure achieved during a treadmill exercise test (P<0.001). In conclusion, results from 2 independent studies suggest that the ET1/C198 polymorphism is associated with blood pressure levels in overweight people.
Barium Sulfate Scale Formation in Oil Reservoir During Water Injection at High-Barium Formation Water (2007)

The study presents the results of laboratory experiments carried out to investigate the formation of barium sulfate in sandstone cores from mixing injected sea water and formation water contain high concentration of barium at various temperatures (50 and 80 degree C) and differential pressures (100, 150, and 200 psig). The morphology of scaling crystals as shown by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) is presented. Results show a large extent of permeability damage caused by barium sulfate deposits on the rock pore surface. The rock permeability decline indicates the influence of the concentration of barium ions.
Comparing the Contribution of Syntactic and Semantic Features in Closed versus Open Domain Question Answering (2007)

In this paper we analyze the contribution of semantic, syntactic and word similarity of document features in closed and open domain question answering. Semantic similarity is computed as the similarity of the action in the candidate sentence to the action asked in the question, measured using WordNet::Similarity on main verbs. The syntactic similarity feature measures the unifiability of a candidate's parse tree with the question's parse tree. It uses syntactic restrictions as well as lexical measures to compute the unifiability of critical syntactic participants in the parse trees. Finally, the word similarity of the document containing a candidate sentence is computed as the cosine of the angle between the question keywords vector and the document vector. Since the semantic feature is more reliable on content verbs and syntactic similarity is suitable for questions with a subject- verb-object syntactic structure, we only consider questions with a main content verb in our analysis (non-copulative questions). This type comprise 70% of our closed domain and 33% of our open domain test questions. The combination of these three features achieves an MRR of 28% in our closed domain and 23% in open domain. Our analysis shows that the syntactic feature has a significant contribution in both open and closed domains. However, the path-based lch semantic similarity measure we used, only contributes in our closed domain probably because of less variation in the vocabulary and topic. Document IR score on the other hand, has more contribution in open domain, because query keywords are more discriminating in a large document set with a vast vocabulary range.
Elastic management of cluster-based services in the cloud (2009)

In this paper we analyze the deployment of generic clustered services on top of a virtualized infrastructure layer that combines a VM manager (the OpenNebula engine) and a cloud resource provider (Amazon EC2). The use of this virtualization layer between the service and the physical infrastructure extends the classical benefits of VM platforms to distributed infrastructures. Additionally, the integration of the cloud in this layer allows us to give additional capacity to the services using an external provider, thus complementing the local infrastructure without notice from the users or affecting the service workload. This flexible approach, which separates the resource provisioning from the service management, provides important benefits: elastic service capacity to adapt it to its dynamic workload; physical infrastructure partitioning to isolate it from other running services; and support for heterogeneous configurations tailored for each service class. The feasibility of the proposed approach is analyzed for two different clustered services: a classical computing cluster and a web server.
Defect levels in the epitaxial and polycrystalline CuGaSe2 by photocurrent and capacitance methods (2011)

The defect levels in epitaxial and polycrystalline wide bandgap chalcopyrite CuGaSe2 with various stoichiometry deviations were investigated using modulated photocurrent spectroscopy. The results were analyzed as a function of light intensity and Fermi-level position. Comparison of the results from epitaxial and polycrystalline material distinguished levels belonging to intrinsic defects and their correlation with the material stoichiometry. We also compared the fingerprints of defect levels by MPC to the results derived from capacitance spectroscopy performed on Schottky diodes fabricated on both epitaxial and polycrystalline layers. This allowed us to attribute unambiguously levels observed in the capacitance response to bulk point defects. In the final conclusions we provide information on the electronic parameters of nine defect levels observed in CuGaSe2 and their correlation with the material stoichiometry. These results should help to identify intrinsic defects that are important for the photovoltaic performance of solar cells based on chalcopyrites.
Metabolic engineering of Escherichia coli for enhanced arginine biosynthesis (2015)

In this study, E. coli was successfully engineered for enhanced arginine production. The ∆adiA, ∆speC, ∆speF, ∆argR, ∆argA mutant with high gene copy number of argA214 and argO produced 11.64 g/L of arginine in batch fermentation, thereby demonstrating the potential of E. coli as an industrial producer of arginine.
A Clock Sweeping Technique for Detecting Hardware Trojans Impacting Circuits Delay (2013)

Clock sweeping can be used to generate signatures for the purpose of detecting hardware Trojans. With the help of simulations and FPGA results, this article demonstrates the effectiveness of their proposed clock-sweeping technique under process variations, even for Trojans as small as a few gates.
Chemical Inhibition of Bacterial Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase Suppresses Capsule Production (2012)

Capsule polysaccharide is a major virulence factor for a wide range of bacterial pathogens, including Streptococcus pneumoniae. The biosynthesis of Wzy-dependent capsules in both gram-negative and -positive bacteria is regulated by a system involving a protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP) and a protein tyrosine kinase. However, how the system functions is still controversial. In Streptococcus pneumoniae, a major human pathogen, the system is present in all but 2 of the 93 serotypes found to date. In order to study this regulation further, we performed a screen to find inhibitors of the phosphatase, CpsB. This led to the observation that a recently discovered marine sponge metabolite, fascioquinol E, inhibited CpsB phosphatase activity both in vitro and in vivo at concentrations that did not affect the growth of the bacteria. This inhibition resulted in decreased capsule synthesis in D39 and Type 1 S. pneumoniae. Furthermore, concentrations of Fascioquinol E that inhibited capsule also lead to increased attachment of pneumococci to a macrophage cell line, suggesting that this compound would inhibit the virulence of the pathogen. Interestingly, this compound also inhibited the phosphatase activity of the structurally unrelated gram-negative PTP, Wzb, which belongs to separate family of protein tyrosine phosphatases. Furthermore, incubation with Klebsiella pneumoniae, which contains a homologous phosphatase, resulted in decreased capsule synthesis. Taken together, these data provide evidence that PTPs are critical for Wzy-dependent capsule production across a spectrum of bacteria, and as such represents a valuable new molecular target for the development of anti-virulence antibacterials.
The influence of the aperture of illumination on the accuracy of microscope‐photometric measurements of internal transmittance (1988)

SUMMARY The conical shape of the bundle of illuminating rays in the microscope causes a systematic error of transmittance measured with a microscope photometer in comparison with the (true) transmittance measured with a macrophotometer in which the ray bundle is cylindrical. The error is evaluated by the ratio of transmittance measured with the microscope photometer to the true transmittance. It is calculated for the following model objects: parallel‐sided plates, wedges, spheres and circular cylinders. The results of calculations show that the error increases with decreasing transmittance, increasing angle of the cone of rays (evaluated by the effective numerical aperture of illumination), and increasing relative size of photometric field. On the whole, the error can be neglected if the true internal transmittance is greater than 0.1 (10%), the numerical aperture is less than 0.45 and the radius of the photometric field (in the object plane) is less than one‐fifth of the thickness of the object.
A sensitive and Specific PCR-based Assay to Quantify Hepatitis B Virus Covalently Closed Circular (ccc) DNA While Preserving Cellular DNA (2021)

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is the major cause of liver diseases and liver cancer worldwide. After infecting hepatocytes, the virus establishes a stable episome (covalently closed circular DNA, or cccDNA) that serves as the template for all viral transcripts. Specific and accurate quantification of cccDNA is difficult because infected cells contain abundant replicative intermediates of HBV DNA that share overlapping sequences but arranged in slightly different forms. HBV cccDNA can be detected by Southern blot or qPCR methods which involve enzymatic digestion. These assays are laborious, have limited sensitivity, or require degradation of cellular DNA (which precludes simple normalization). The method described in this protocol, cccDNA inversion quantitative (cinq)PCR, instead uses a series of restriction enzyme-mediated hydrolysis and ligation reactions that convert cccDNA into an inverted linear amplicon, which is not amplified or detected from other forms of HBV DNA. Importantly, cellular DNA remains quantifiable during sample preparation, allowing normalization and markedly improving precision. Further, a second linear fragment (derived from enzymatic digestion of a separate region of the HBV DNA genome and is present in all forms of HBV DNA) can be used to simultaneously quantify total HBV levels.Graphic abstract:Selective detection of HBV cccDNA and total HBV DNA using cinqPCR (Reproduced from Tu et al., 2020a)., [摘要]乙型肝炎病毒（HBV）是全球范围内肝脏疾病和肝癌的主要原因。感染肝细胞后，病毒建立起稳定的附加体（共价闭合的环状DNA或cccDNA），作为所有病毒转录本的模板。cccDNA的特异性和准确定量非常困难，因为被感染的细胞含有丰富的HBV DNA复制中间体，这些中间体共享重叠序列，但排列形式略有不同。HBV cccDNA可以通过涉及酶消化的Southern印迹或qPCR方法进行检测。这些测定费力，灵敏度有限或需要细胞DNA降解（无法进行简单的标准化）。该协议中描述的方法cccDNA反向定量（cinq）PCR，而是使用一系列限制性酶介导的水解和连接反应，将cccDNA转化为反向线性扩增子，该扩增子无法从其他形式的HBV DNA扩增或检测到。重要的是，细胞DNA在样品制备过程中仍可定量，从而可以进行标准化并显着提高精确度。另外，第二线性片段（源自酶消化HBV DNA基因组的单独区域，并以所有形式的HBV DNA存在）可用于同时定量总HBV水平。图形摘要：HBV的cccDNA和总HBV DNA的选择性检测使用cinqPCR （转载自涂等人，2020一）。[背景]乙型肝炎病毒（HBV）是一种小的有包膜病毒，其encapsidates一个部分双链环状DNA基因组，所谓松弛环状（RC）的DNA。感染人肝细胞后，核衣壳被转运至细胞核，其中rcDNA基因组被转化为共价闭合的环状（ccc）DNA。这种游离形式是高度稳定的，并保持慢性HBV感染（Tu等人，2020b ）。它充当所有病毒转录本和基因组前RNA的模板。该cccDNA的消除将导致的完全治愈一个慢性乙型肝炎感染。因此，对cccDNA的可靠的量化是关键，以发展战略为HBV治疗。在给定的感染肝细胞中，HBV DNA以不同的形式存在（rcDNA，双链线性（dsl）DNA，单链（ss）DNA和cccDNA），它们具有重叠的序列，但结构不同（Nassal ，2015）。因此，将cccDNA与其他HBV DNA形式区别开来（数量很少）在技术上具有挑战性。Southern印迹法是用于将cccDNA与其他形式区分开的金标准方法，尽管它的通量低且灵敏度低。基于PCR的方法更加灵敏，可以以中等通量方式应用。当前的方案包括n核酸外切酶处理（使用T5核酸外切酶，质粒安全的DNase或ExoI和ExoIII的组合），以消化所有未共价封闭的DNA物种（包括细胞DNA）（Luo等人，2017 ; Allweiss等人等人，2018 ；Qu等人，2018）。相比之下，该协议中描述的方法利用了HBV DNA序列内的特定限制位点（请参见图形摘要）将cccDNA选择性转化为可扩增形式。因此，我们的方法允许对单拷贝细胞基因进行标准化，并且可以从同一样品中检测出总的HBV DNA，从而大大提高了精密度，灵敏度和准确性。
NuSTAR Detection of a Hard X-Ray Source in the Supernova Remnant-molecular Cloud Interaction Site of IC 443 (2018)

Abstract We report on a broadband study of a complex X-ray source (1SAX J0618.0+2227) associated with the interaction site of the supernova remnant (SNR) IC 443 and ambient molecular cloud (MC) using NuSTAR , XMM-Newton , and Chandra observations. Its X-ray spectrum is composed of both thermal and nonthermal components. The thermal component can be equally well represented by either a thin plasma model with kT = 0.19 keV or a blackbody model with kT = 0.11 keV. The nonthermal component can be fit with either a power law with Γ ∼ 1.7 or a cutoff power law with Γ ∼ 1.5 and a cutoff energy at E cut ∼ 18 keV. Using the newly obtained NuSTAR data set, we test three possible scenarios for isolated X-ray sources in the SNR–MC interaction site: (1) a pulsar wind nebula (PWN); (2) an SNR ejecta fragment; and (3) a shocked molecular clump. We conclude that this source is most likely composed of an SNR ejecta (or a PWN) and surrounding shocked molecular clumps. The nature of this hard X-ray source in the SNR–MC interaction site of IC 443 may shed light on unidentified X-ray sources with hard X-ray spectra in rich environments for star-forming regions, such as the Galactic center.
Optical Coherence Tomography for the Detection of Remote Optic Neuritis in Multiple Sclerosis (2016)

Optic neuritis is associated with thinning in multiple regions of the retina. Optic neuritis eyes can be differentiated most accurately from nonoptic neuritis eyes using OCT. Our work suggests a potential role for OCT in documenting a remote history of optic neuritis to corroborate a diagnosis of MS.
Inside Cover: Reversible Photoisomerization of Spiropyran on the Surfaces of Au25 Nanoclusters (ChemPhysChem 12/2016) (2016)

The Inside Cover picture illustrates the fluorescent properties of a gold nanocluster functionalized with several copies of a red-emitting merocyanine (image by Ella Marushchenko). The red fluorescence can be turned on and off reversibly by using an external stimulus. More information can be found in the Communication by T. Udayabhaskararao et al. on page 1805 in Issue 12, 2016 (DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201500897).