gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Pattern discovery in time series using autoencoder in comparison to nonlearning approaches (2021)

In technical systems the analysis of similar situations is a promising technique to gain information about the system’s state, its health or wearing. Very often, situations cannot be defined but need to be discovered as recurrent patterns within time series data of the system under consideration. This paper addresses the assessment of different approaches to discover frequent variable-length patterns in time series. Because of the success of artificial neural networks (NN) in various research fields, a special issue of this work is the applicability of NNs to the problem of pattern discovery in time series. Therefore we applied and adapted a Convolutional Autoencoder and compared it to classical nonlearning approaches based on Dynamic Time Warping, based on time series discretization as well as based on the Matrix Profile. These nonlearning approaches have also been adapted, to fulfill our requirements like the discovery of potentially time scaled patterns from noisy time series. We showed the performance (quality, computing time, effort of parametrization) of those approaches in an extensive test with synthetic data sets. Additionally the transferability to other data sets is tested by using real life vehicle data. We demonstrated the ability of Convolutional Autoencoders to discover patterns in an unsupervised way. Furthermore the tests showed, that the Autoencoder is able to discover patterns with a similar quality like classical nonlearning approaches.
Low damage cryogenic etching of low-K materials for advanced interconnects (2014)

International audience
Complexity and Diversity in IC Layout Design (2016)

The paper is a concise survey as well as an exposition of ideas about automation of layout design. Central is a discussion of imperatives of a layout design system suitable for VLSI. Of course, such a system has to take account of the embedding into an integrated design system. However, layout design faces two major problems. One results from industry's ability to pack over 10000 gate equivalents into a single chip. Beside this increase in complexity today's micro-electronics technology made a variety of processes - each with its own set of design rules - available for integration. This diversity has been existing for a long time, but complexity raised the problem, since development of efficient systems for designing complex systems is costly and time-consuming.
Lock Your Robot: A Review of Locking Devices in Robotics (2015)

Locking devices are widely used in robotics, for instance to lock springs and joints or to reconfigure robots. This review article classifies the locking devices currently described in the literature and performs a comparative study. Designers can therefore better determine which locking device best matches the needs of their application. The locking devices are divided into three main categories based on different locking principles: 1) mechanical locking, 2) friction-based locking, and 3) singularity locking. Different locking devices in each category can be passive or active. Based on an extensive literature survey, this article summarizes the findings by comparing different locking devices on a set of properties of an ideal locking device.
Interaction of HfO2∕SiO2∕Si structures with deuterium gas (2006)

Hf O 2 films (2.5 to 12 nm) deposited on thermal SiO2 (1.5 nm) on Si were annealed in deuterium gas at 400–600 °C and incorporated D amounts were quantified using the D(He3,p)He4 nuclear reaction. We found ∼1013Dcm−2 in the SiO2 interlayer region and up to 2.2×1014Dcm−2 near the HfO2 surface, whereas D amounts in the bulk of the HfO2 films were determined to be below 1013cm−2. However, analyses employing the H1(N15,αγ)C12 nuclear resonant reaction showed much more spurious H present in the bulk of HfO2 films. Mechanisms of D incorporation and desorption as well as contribution of the present results to the understanding of HfO2-based devices are discussed.
Ternary Fingerprints with Reference Odor for Fluctuation-Enhanced Sensing (2020)

An improved method for Fluctuation Enhanced Sensing (FES) is introduced. We enhanced the old binary fingerprinting method, where the fingerprint bit values were &amp;plusmn; 1, by introducing ternary fingerprints utilizing a reference odor. In the ternary method, the fingerprint bit values are -1, 0, and +1 where the 0 value stands for the situation where the slope of the spectrum is identical to that of the reference odor. The application of the reference odor spectrum makes the fingerprint relative to the reference. This feature increases the information entropy of the fingerprints. The method is briefly illustrated by sensing bacterial odor in cow manure isolates.
Pyruvate and Urea preparation for dissolution DNP v1 (2021)

This document codifies the probe preparation of pyruvate and urea for dissolution dynamic nuclear polarization. Additionally, this also describes the steps recommended for estimation of T1 and polarization and quality assurance to ensure repeatability and robustness of hyperpolarized 13C probe formulation.
Avian reovirus core protein μA expressed in Escherichia coli possesses both NTPase and RTPase activities (2007)

Analysis of the amino acid sequence of core protein muA of avian reovirus has indicated that it may share similar functions to protein mu2 of mammalian reovirus. Since mu2 displayed both nucleotide triphosphatase (NTPase) and RNA triphosphatase (RTPase) activities, the purified recombinant muA ( muA) was designed and used to test these activities. muA was thus expressed in bacteria with a 4.5 kDa fusion peptide and six His tags at its N terminus. Results indicated that muA possessed NTPase activity that enabled the protein to hydrolyse the beta-gamma phosphoanhydride bond of all four NTPs, since NDPs were the only radiolabelled products observed. The substrate preference was ATP>CTP>GTP>UTP, based on the estimated k(cat) values. Alanine substitutions for lysines 408 and 412 (K408A/K412A) in a putative nucleotide-binding site of muA abolished NTPase activity, further suggesting that NTPase activity is attributable to protein muA. The activity of muA is dependent on the divalent cations Mg(2+) or Mn(2+), but not Ca(2+) or Zn(2+). Optimal NTPase activity of muA was achieved between pH 5.5 and 6.0. In addition, muA enzymic activity increased with temperature up to 40 degrees C and was almost totally inhibited at temperatures higher than 55 degrees C. Tests of phosphate release from RNA substrates with muA or K408A/K412A muA indicated that muA, but not K408A/K412A muA, displayed RTPase activity. The results suggested that both NTPase and RTPase activities of muA might be carried out at the same active site, and that protein muA could play important roles during viral RNA synthesis.
A Study on Stress Analysis of Spur Gear Using FEM (2002)

This paper is the study on stress analysis of spur gear using a finite element method. Gear drives constitute very important mechanisms in transmitting mechanical power processes compromising several cost effective and engineering advantages. The load transmission occurred by the contacting surfaces arises variable elastic deformations which are being evaluated through finite element analysis. The automatic gear design program is developed to model gear shape precisely. This gear design system developed was used by pre-processor of FEM packages. The distribution of stresses at contacting surfaces was examined when a pair of gear contact.
3D computations of flow field in a guide vane blading designed by means of 2D model for a low head hydraulic turbine (2014)

The paper presents the main parameters of the flow field behind the guide vane cascade designed by means of 2D inverse problem and following check by means of 3D commercial program ANSYS/Fluent applied for a direct problem. This approach of using different models reflects the contemporary design procedure for non-standardized turbomachinery stage. Depending on the model, the set of conservation equation to be solved differs, although the physical background remains the same. The example of computations for guide vane cascade for a low head hydraulic turbine is presented.
Laser shock processing: an emerging technique for the mechanical and surface properties enhancement of metallic materials (2016)

Laser Shock Processing (LSP) is as an effective technology for the improvement of surface and mechanical properties of metallic alloys and is an emerging technology in its way to production engineering in direct competence with other well established technologies as, i.e. shot peening. The technique is based on the application of a high intensity pulsed laser beam on a metallic target forcing a sudden vaporization of its surface into a high temperature and density plasma that immediately develops inducing a shock wave propagating into the material. The main advantage
of this technique consists on its capability of inducing a relatively deep compression residual stresses field into metallic alloy pieces allowing an improved mechanical behaviour, explicitly, the life improvement under cyclic load connected with improved wear and corrosion resistance.
The laser shock effects achieved by this method are comparable to those of shot-peening: that is, a local material compression linked to the generation and displacement of defects, surface state modification and, most important, a compressing residual stress field whose magnitude and depth into the material is generally associated with large improvements in fatigue resistance. Along with a description of the theoretical/computational and experimental methods developed by the authors for the predictive assessment and experimental implementation of LSP treatments, experimental results on the residual stress profiles and associated surface properties modification successfully reached under different LSP irradiation conditions in typical high strength materials will be presented in this paper.
Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors: A Promising Therapeutic Alternative for Endometrial Carcinoma (2021)

Endometrial carcinoma is the most common malignant tumor of the female genital tract in the United States. Epigenetic alterations are implicated in endometrial cancer development and progression. Histone deacetylase inhibitors are a novel class of anticancer drugs that increase the level of histone acetylation in many cell types, thereby inducing cell cycle arrest, differentiation, and apoptotic cell death. This review is aimed at determining the role of histone acetylation and examining the therapeutic potential of histone deacetylase inhibitors in endometrial cancer. In order to identify relevant studies, a literature review was conducted using the MEDLINE and LIVIVO databases. The search terms histone deacetylase, histone deacetylase inhibitor, and endometrial cancer were employed, and we were able to identify fifty-two studies focused on endometrial carcinoma and published between 2001 and 2021. Deregulation of histone acetylation is involved in the tumorigenesis of both endometrial carcinoma histological types and accounts for high-grade, aggressive carcinomas with worse prognosis and decreased overall survival. Histone deacetylase inhibitors inhibit tumor growth, enhance the transcription of silenced physiologic genes, and induce cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in endometrial carcinoma cells both in vitro and in vivo. The combination of histone deacetylase inhibitors with traditional chemotherapeutic agents shows synergistic cytotoxic effects in endometrial carcinoma cells. Histone acetylation plays an important role in endometrial carcinoma development and progression. Histone deacetylase inhibitors show potent antitumor effects in various endometrial cancer cell lines as well as tumor xenograft models. Additional clinical trials are however needed to verify the clinical utility and safety of these promising therapeutic agents in the treatment of patients with endometrial cancer.
Comparison of two methods for measuring liquid gastric emptying (2014)

1963 Objectives The purpose of this study is to compare two methods of measuring liquid gastric emptying; a 30-minute liquid only study and a 4-hour combined liquid solid study. Methods Eighteen subjects underwent a 30 minute previously described liquid only study (Ziessman, et al., JNM 2009; 50:726-31) followed by a simultaneous solid-liquid gastric-emptying study with the standardized Tc-99 SC solid meal. Subjects ingested 0.1mCi of 111In-DTPA in 300ml water, imaged in the LAO position with a half time of emptying determined. For the combined study 0.2mCi of 111In-DTPA in 120 ml water was ingested with a standardized 2 mCi 99m-Tc sulfur colloid-labeled egg-substitute meal. Half emptying times and percentage emptying at 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 3, and 4 hours were calculated using the General Electric Xeleris software. Results The mean half emptying time for liquid (T1/2) in the combined solid-liquid study was 38.8 ± 15.6 (range, 19.5 to 67.8) calculated using the geometric mean of an anterior and posterior projection. The calculated mean half emptying time of the liquid-only study using the anterior view only without attenuation correction resulted in a similar mean of 39.9 ± 15.9 (range, 19.8 to 71.4) (matched pairs t-test, p Conclusions Normal liquid-only emptying is significantly faster than liquid gastric emptying in a combined solid-liquid study, demonstrating the slowing effect of the solid component of the meal. Additionally, attenuation correction is not necessary for liquid gastric emptying in the combined solid-liquid study in contrast to solid emptying, which requires attenuation correction.
Is pyridylmethyl group of imidacloprid replaceable with fluoroalkyl moiety as a hydrogen-bond acceptor? (2007)

Variable fluoroalkyl groups were introduced to 2-(N-nitroimino)-imidazolidine and the insecticidal potency against the green peach aphid, the tobacco cutworm and the cucurbit leaf beetle was assessed. The activity of most of the compounds was modest, except for the 3-fluoropropyl derivative showing the apparent insecticidal activity against the aphid and the leaf beetle at 100 ppm. The protrusion of the fluoropropyl derivative may be taken as the H-bond functionality of this group similar to the pyridylmethyl group of imidacloprid in the electronic and geometrical respects. However, judging from the obviously lower activity than imidacloprid, the fluoroalkyl group will not compatible with pyridylmethyl as an activator.
Field Study to Evaluate Driver Fatigue Performance in Air-Inflated Truck Seat Cushions - Subjective Results (2004)

Air-inflated seat cushions have been proposed as replacements for traditional foam cushions, leading to the need to develop new methods for evaluating and comparing the ride comfort characteristics of different types of seat cushions. This paper reports the subjective results from a project investigating the effectiveness of several newly proposed metrics to compare fatigue performance between standard foam versus air-inflated truck seat cushions. Some fundamental differences between air-inflated and foam seat cushions based on driver perceptions are highlighted. Road tests were performed using existing commercial trucks in the daily operations of a commercial trucking fleet. A retrofit air-inflated seat cushion was installed in the fleet's trucks, and the drivers were allowed to adjust to the seats over approximately one week. After this adjustment period, twelve drivers rode on both the air-inflated seat cushion and their original foam seat cushion during their regularly scheduled routes. Surveys were collected throughout the test sessions and the truck seats were fitted with instrumentation to capture physical measurements of seat pressure distribution. These results suggest that air-inflated cushions offer advantages in comfort, support and fatigue. Although the adjustability of the air-inflated cushions increased complexity and made it harder for drivers to get in and out the vehicle, air-inflated cushions were preferred over foam cushions by most of the drivers tested.
Analysis of Single-degree-of-freedom Systems Containing Multi-functional Friction Damper (2014)

Friction dampers are one type of energy dissipation devices that are able to forms an efficient seismic protection system for seismic structures. Nevertheless, traditional friction dampers can only be designed under a target earthquake of a given intensity. Complied with the current design code, this target earthquake usually has an intensity of the return period of 475 years. Consequently, traditional friction dampers may function well under earthquakes with the intended design level, but may not be functional for earthquakes with lower intensities. This situation may pose a problem particularly for some functional facilities, which usually contain vibration-sensitive equipment that is vulnerable to earthquakes with moderate intensities. In order to satisfy the aforementioned multiple functional demands, this paper investigates the possible use of a novel multi-functional friction damper (MFD). Different from traditional friction dampers, the MFD has two-stage slip forces that can be activated in a moderate and a strong seismic level, respectively. The theory of the MFD and the formulation of a SDOF system with the MFD are both given in this paper. The results of the numerical simulation reveals that the MFD is able to reduce the structural responses under strong and moderate ground motions, simultaneously. In addition, the MFD is also more effective at reducing the structural responses under a moderate earthquake, as compared to the response result from a traditional friction damper.
1409. Genomic Variation Among Respiratory Syncytial Viruses (2020)

Abstract Background Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) can be easily classified into two subtypes (A and B) based on the nucleic acid sequence of their genome. Phylogenic approaches have shown that within both subtypes separate lineages of viruses exist and new lineages continue to emerge. The role these genomic variations play in disease severity during RSV infection is largely unknown. Methods Next-generation viral RNA sequencing was performed on archived frozen nasal swabs of children infected with RSV in Rochester, NY between 1977-1998. Genomic variation was compared across year-of-isolation, age of host, and inpatient/outpatient status of host. Local RSV genomic variation was compared to variation of publicly available sequences isolated from hosts residing in other parts of the world. Results A and B subtypes demonstrated significant differences in the genetic sequence and primary-protein structure over time. G-protein was the most variable in both subtypes, but they differed in the number of unique genotypes detected. We found a significant association with disease severity (inpatient/outpatient status) and RSV phylogenetic topology, although the magnitude of the association differed by subtype. Variation in the primary protein structure of RSV viral proteins was also significantly associated with disease severity, but depended on which viral protein, and which subtype, was investigated. Lastly, local RSV genomic and protein-structure variation was similar to what was seen globally during this time period. Conclusion Overall, both subtypes demonstrated significant genetic change over time and these changes were associated with disease severity. These results suggest that the genetic variability of RSV may affect RSV disease in humans. Disclosures All Authors: No reported disclosures
Kinetics of reaction of oxobis(2, 4-pentanedionato)vanadium(IV) with salicylaldehyde 4-phenylthiosemicarbazone in methanol (2009)

Kinetika reakcije [VO(acac)2] sa salicilaldehid 4-feniltiosemikarbazonom (sal-4-phtsc) u metanolu istražena je spektrofotometrijski pri 25 °C i ionskoj jakosti 0, 1 mol dm 3 (NaCl). Uoceno je relativno sporo stvaranje kompleksa  VO(sal-4-phtsc)(OCH3)], sto je potvrđeno i masenom spektrometrijom. Zakon brzine reakcije određen je metodom izolacije. Reakcija je prvog reda s obzirom na oba reaktanta i ovisna je o vrijednosti pH otopine. Na temelju dobivenih rezultata predložen je mehanizam reakcije u kojoj kao reaktant sudjeluje vrsta [VO(acac)(OH)(OCH3)] nastala oksidacijom [VO(acac)2] u metanolnoj otopini.
Tight worst-case response-time analysis for ethernet AVB using eligible intervals (2016)

Busy period analysis is often used as a basis for worst-case response time analysis of priority based systems. However, when shaping strategies are used to prevent starvation of lower priorities, it becomes difficult to achieve tightness results using this method. The reason for this is that a busy period is defined as the longest interval in which there exists pending load. It is exclusively based on execution time, and does not take the amount of provided bandwidth into account. As a consequence, it is less suitable for the study of idling systems. In particular, we do not yet have tightness results regarding the analysis of the Ethernet AVB standard, in which credit-based shaping is applied. In this paper, we propose an alternative to the use of busy periods. We show that, by defining an eligible interval in such a way that provisioning is taken into account, tight worst-case response time bounds can more easily be obtained for Ethernet AVB, at least in the case of either lower-or higher-priority interference.
High Speed, High Temperature, Fault Tolerant Operation of a Combination Magnetic-Hydrostatic Bearing Rotor Support System for Turbomachinery (2004)

Closed loop operation of a single, high temperature magnetic radial bearing to 30,000 RPM (2.25 million DN) and 540°C (1,000°F) is discussed. Also, high temperature, fault tolerant operation for the three axis system is examined. A novel, hydrostatic backup bearing system was employed to attain high speed, high temperature, lubrication free support of the entire rotor system. The hydrostatic bearings were made of a high lubricity material and acted as journal-type backup bearings. New, high temperature displacement sensors were successfully employed to monitor shaft position throughout the entire temperature range and are described in this paper. Control of the system was accomplished through a stand alone, high speed computer controller and it was used to run both the fault-tolerant PID and active vibration control algorithms.
P2X7 receptors: Properties and relevance to CNS function (2006)

Among seven members of P2X ionotropic receptors activated by extracellular ATP, the P2X(7) subtype is unique in that it can function as a cation channel, a nonselective pore, or even a signaling complex coupled with multiple downstream components. Several roles of P2X(7) receptors have been described in CNS cells in the past decade, including release of cytokines and transmitters, modulation of presynaptic transmitter release, and activation of multiple signaling pathways. The finding that P2X(7) pores may directly mediate efflux of cytosolic glutamate, GABA, and ATP in glial cells is particularly interesting, as it provides a novel mechanism of glial transmitter release that may play important roles not only in physiological intercellular communication but also in pathological neural injury.