gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of Compounds Related to Steroids. Reactions of β‐Methyltricarballylic Acid Anhydride with Substituted Naphthalenes (1965)

Abstract β‐Methyltricarballylic acid anhydride (I) reacted with the Grignard reagent from 1‐iodo‐6‐methoxynaphthalene to give the keto acid (III) which was converted into the tricyclic intermediate (VIb). Friedel‐Crafts condensation of the anhydride (1) with 2‐methoxynaphthalene led to the isolation of the acids (XII) and (IXc). As in the case of 7‐methoxy‐1‐acetnaphthalide, condensation of 7‐bromo‐1‐acetnaphthalide with succinic anhydride gave only the 3‐substituted product (XVIIa). Condensation of 1‐acetnaphthalide with succinic anhydride lead to acidic products in which the naphthalene nucleus is substituted mostly in the β‐position.
A murine model of hnRNPH2-related neurodevelopmental disorder recapitulates clinical features of human disease and reveals a mechanism for genetic compensation of HNRNPH2 (2022)

Abstract Mutations in HNRNPH2 cause an X-linked neurodevelopmental disorder with a phenotypic spectrum that includes developmental delay, intellectual disability, language impairment, motor function deficits, and seizures. More than 90% of patients with this disorder have a missense mutation within or adjacent to the nuclear localization signal (NLS) of hnRNPH2, although the specific pathogenic consequences of these mutations have not been examined. Here we found that hnRNPH2 NLS mutations result in reduced interaction with the nuclear transport receptor Kapβ2 in vitro and in cultured human cells. These mutations also cause modest accumulation of hnRNPH2 in the cytoplasm, suggesting that mislocalization of the protein might contribute to pathogenesis. We generated two knock-in mouse models with human-equivalent mutations in the endogenous mouse gene Hnrnph2 , as well as Hnrnph2 knockout (KO) mice, and subjected them to extensive phenotyping. Mutant knock-in mice displayed a spectrum of phenotypes that recapitulated aspects of the human disorder, including reduced survival in males, craniofacial abnormalities, impaired motor and cognitive functions, and increased susceptibility to audiogenic seizures. Mutant knock-in male mice developed more severe phenotypes than female mice, likely due to differences in X-chromosome gene dosage. In contrast, two independent lines of Hnrnph2 KO mice showed no detectable phenotypes. Notably, KO mice had upregulated expression of Hnrnph1 , a close paralog of Hnrnph2 , whereas mutant Hnrnph2 knock-in mice failed to upregulate Hnrnph1. Thus, genetic compensation by Hnrnph1 might be sufficient to counteract the loss of hnRNPH2. These findings suggest that the pathogenesis of HNRNPH2 -related disorder in humans may be driven by a toxic gain of function or a complex loss of HNRNPH2 function with impaired compensation by HNRNPH1. The mutant knock-in mice described here are an important resource for preclinical studies to assess the potential benefit of either gene replacement or therapeutic knockdown of mutant hnRNPH2.
Data from RAF-Mutant Melanomas Differentially Depend on ERK2 Over ERK1 to Support Aberrant MAPK Pathway Activation and Cell Proliferation (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;Half of advanced human melanomas are driven by mutant BRAF and dependent on MAPK signaling. Interestingly, the results of three independent genetic screens highlight a dependency of BRAF-mutant melanoma cell lines on BRAF and ERK2, but not ERK1. ERK2 is expressed higher in melanoma compared with other cancer types and higher than ERK1 within melanoma. However, ERK1 and ERK2 are similarly required in primary human melanocytes transformed with mutant BRAF and are expressed at a similar, lower amount compared with established cancer cell lines. ERK1 can compensate for ERK2 loss as seen by expression of ERK1 rescuing the proliferation arrest mediated by ERK2 loss (both by shRNA or inhibition by an ERK inhibitor). ERK2 knockdown, as opposed to ERK1 knockdown, led to more robust suppression of MAPK signaling as seen by RNA-sequencing, qRT-PCR, and Western blot analysis. In addition, treatment with MAPK pathway inhibitors led to gene expression changes that closely resembled those seen upon knockdown of ERK2 but not ERK1. Together, these data demonstrate that ERK2 drives BRAF-mutant melanoma gene expression and proliferation as a function of its higher expression compared with ERK1. Selective inhibition of ERK2 for the treatment of melanomas may spare the toxicity associated with pan-ERK inhibition in normal tissues.&lt;/p&gt;Implications:&lt;p&gt;BRAF-mutant melanomas overexpress and depend on ERK2 but not ERK1, suggesting that ERK2-selective inhibition may be toxicity sparing.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Resonant mode suppression for Helmholtz boundary value problems (2002)

We present the existence and uniqueness theorem for the solutions of the boundary value problems (BVPs) of the Helmholtz equation with a real or complex constant wave number k. The essence of the theorem is employed to develop a new method of suppressing all resonant modes produced by Helmholtz BVPs at high frequencies.
An Effect Analysis for Improvement of Information Lead Time on Supply Chains : A Case Study of Manufacturing Industry (2003)

제품을 생산하고 공급하는데 소요되는 주문리드타임과 달리 주문이 처리되는데 소요되는데 지연되는 것을 정보리드타임이라고 하는데, 이는 공급체인에서 개별기업들이 수요예측의 변동폭을 높이게 되며 이것이 바로 비용 상승요인으로 작용하게 된다. 본 논문에서는 직렬형 가치사슬에서 정보리드타임이 공급체인 시스템에 주는 영향을 알아본다. 특별히, MIT 시뮬레이션 모형을 동해서 실험을 수행하며, 아래와 같은 두 가지의 이슈를 다룬다. 첫째는 비용-이익 관점에서 물류 리드타임보다 정보리드타임의 개선이 효과적인가\ulcorner 둘째는 정보리드타임이 고객에게 보다 인접한 기업(downstream)이 고객하고 떨어져 있는 기업(upstream)보다 비용을 크게 상승시키고 있는지에 대한 물음이다. 사례 분석에서는 공급체인상의 개변기업들이 갖는 정보리드타임의 중요성을 지적하고, 개별기업간의 정보리드타임의 차이 분석을 통해서 고객의 수요와 요구를 직접 받는 기업에서 정보리드타임의 중요성이 큼을 인증하고 있다. Information lead time is defined as the time spent by processing orders from some buyers, whereas order lead time is defined as producing and supplying the products. The information lead time significantly serve to magnify the increase in variability due to demand forecasting. This paper models a decentralized supply chain composed of cascade type which has four type phases (or divisions) such as retailer, wholesaler, distributor, and factory. Each phases is managed by different centers individually with their own local inventory information. We investigate whether each phase's Information lead time affects companies networked a value chain. In particular, on several experiments performed with a programmed simulation (like a MIT beer game), we study the following question ; Can information lead times do better than material lead times in cost-benefit perspective\ulcorner Can more much Information lead times in downstream reasonably do worser than in upstream when playing the simulation\ulcorner In the conclusion, we show the importance of information lead time on a SC and, besides, guarantee that improvement of information lead time in upstream do more effective than one in downstream in cost-benefit perspective.
The contribution of multiparametric pelvic and whole body MR to the interpretation of 18F-fluoromethylcholine (FCH) or 68Ga-HBED-CC PSMA-11 (PSMA) PET/CT in the detection of pelvic recurrence or distant metastases in patients with biochemical failure following radical prostatectomy. (2019)

593 Purpose: To assess whether the addition of data from multiparametric pelvic (mpMR) and whole body MR (wbMR) to the interpretation of 18F-fluoromethylcholine (FCH) or 68Ga-HBED-CC PSMA-11 (PSMA) PET/CT (=PET) improvesthe detection of local tumor recurrence, or nodal and distant metastases in patients following radical prostatectomy with biochemical failure. Methods: The current analysis was performed as part of a prospective, multicenter trial on FCH / PSMA PET, mpMR and wbMR. Eligible men had elevated PSA (>0.2 ng/ml) and high-risk features (Gleason score >7, PSA doubling time 1.0 ng/ml) with negative/ equivocal conventional imaging. PET was interpreted with mp&wbMR in consensus by 2 radiologists and compared to prospective interpretation of PET or MR alone. Performance measures of each modality (PET, MR & PET/mp-wbMR) were compared for each radiotracer, for each individual patient (for FCH, or PSMA for patients who had PSMA PET), and to a composite reference standard. Results: There were 86 patients with PET (FCH [n=76] and/or PSMA [n=26]) who had mp&wbMR. Local tumor recurrence was detected in 20/76 (26.3%) on FCH PET/mpMR vs 11/76 (14.5%) on FCH PET (p= 0.039) and 11/26 (42.3%) on PSMA PET/mpMR vs 6/26 (23.1%) on PSMA PET (p=0.074). Per patient, PET/mpMR was more often positive for local tumor recurrence than PET (p=0.039) or mpMR (p=0.019). There were 20/86 (23.3%) patients with regional nodal metastases on both PET/wbMR, and PET (p=1.0) but only 12/86 (14%) on wbMR (p=0.061). Similarly, there were more nonregional metastases detected on PET/wbMR than on PET (p=0.683) and wbMR (p=0.074), but these differences did not reach significance. Compared to the composite reference standard for the detection of disease beyond the prostatic fossa PET/wbMR, PET and wbMR had sensitivity of 50%, 50%, 8.3%, respectively & specificity of 97.1%, 97.1%, 94.1%, respectively. Conclusion: Interpretation of PET with mpMR resulted in a higher detection rate for local tumor recurrence in the prostate bed in men with biochemical failure following radical prostatectomy. However, the addition of wbMR to FCH/PSMA PET did not improve detection of regional or distant metastases.
Template impact in nucleus basalis segmentation (2021)

Abstract Background The Nucleus Basalis of Meynert (NB), located within the basal forebrain sublenticular region, is a cholinergic center with neurons providing cholinergic afferents to the entire neocortex. As posterior NB provides cholinergic innervation to the temporal pole and superior temporal cortex, this correlates well with memory loss and language impairment in AD. NB volume can serve as a potential emerging biomarker using volumetric MRI. One method consists in using DARTEL normalization to register images to a basal forebrain atlas. Our aim is to study the influence of template content and determine what is sufficient in practice for accurate evaluation, in the context of an on‐going multi‐center trial where the final dataset would not be available until study end. Methods 96 good quality 3D T1‐weighted datasets were randomly chosen among screening scans of an on‐going AD trial (TRx‐237‐039/NCT03446001), with equal distribution of datasets from GE, Philips and Siemens, 1.5T/3T scanners (16 each). Separate DARTEL templates were created from the full list of 96 subjects, from subsets of 24, 48 and 72 subjects, and from independent sets of 20 and 96 random ADNI AD subjects to assess comparability. Processing followed a standard SPM12 DARTEL approach. 3DT1 images were initially segmented to create gray/white matter tissue maps and subsequently registered to create a template image. Derived flow fields were applied to warp and smooth all subjects to MNI space while preserving regional signal. Final subject maps were resliced to match a basal forebrain ROI. Volumes were compared with two‐sided paired t‐tests. Correlations across volumes were assessed with Pearson’s coefficient. Mean absolute percent difference to full 96‐template was calculated. Results Volumes obtained from either template were all highly and significantly correlated to each other (r&gt;0.99, p&lt;0.001). T‐tests showed significant differences (p&lt;0.001), respectively resulting in mean absolute differences to the full template of 2.3% for the 24‐template, 0.8% for the ADNI‐20‐template, 1.6% for the ADNI‐96‐template and 0.3% for all others. Conclusion Template choice does impact measurements significantly. Choosing a sufficiently large sample is important when building the template, to avoid biasing overall results. A common template is essential for proper comparison of separate cohorts with this method.
Rolling contact of elastic bodies (1985)

In Chapter 1 rolling was defined as a relative angular motion between two bodies in contact about an axis parallel to their common tangent plane (see Fig. 1.1). In a frame of reference which moves with the point of contact the surfaces 'flow' through the contact zone with tangential velocities V1 and V2. The bodies may also have angular velocities ωZ1 and ωZ2 about their common normal. If v1 and v2 are unequal the rolling motion is accompanied by sliding and if ωz1 and ωz2 are unequal it is accompanied by spin. When rolling occurs without sliding or spin the motion is often referred to as 'pure rolling'. This term is ambiguous, however, since absence of apparent sliding does not exclude the transmission of a tangential force Q, of magnitude less than limiting friction, as exemplified by the driving wheels of a vehicle. The terms free rolling and tractive rolling will be used therefore to describe motions in which the tangential force Q is zero and non-zero respectively.
EphrinA5 suppresses colon cancer development by negatively regulating epidermal growth factor receptor stability (2011)

Colon cancer is one of the most common human cancers worldwide. Owing to its aggressiveness and lethality, it is necessary to determine the mechanisms regulating the carcinogenesis of colon cancer. EphrinA5 has been reported to act as a putative tumor suppressor in glioma; however, little is known concerning the role of this protein in the context of colon cancer. To elucidate the biological significance of ephrinA5 in colon cancer, we examined ephrinA5 and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) expression profiles in both colon cancer and normal tissues, using immunohistochemistry on a 96-spot tissue microarray. Gain-of-function and loss-of-function experiments were performed on the human colon cancer cell lines SW480 and WiDr to determine the biological effects of ephrinA5 in relation to cell proliferation, survival, and migration. It was found that ephrinA5 mRNA and protein levels were significantly reduced in colon cancer as compared with normal colon tissue specimens. EphrinA5 expression was also negatively associated with tumor differentiation and clinical stage. In colon cancer cell line models, ephrinA5 exerted an inhibitory effect on EGFR by promoting c-Cbl-mediated EGFR ubiquitination and degradation. EphrinA5 did not affect the transcriptional regulation of EGFR mRNA expression in colon cancer cells. Expression of ephrinA5 suppressed colon cancer cell proliferation, migration, and chemotherapeutic resistance. In conclusion, ephrinA5 inhibited colon cancer progression by promoting c-Cbl-mediated EGFR degradation. Our findings identify a novel mechanism that could be utilized to improve the therapeutic efficiency of EGFR-targeting strategies.
Squamous Cell Carcinoma and Basal Cell Carcinoma Simultaneously Arising in a Nevus Sebaceus: A Case Report (2011)

Purpose: Nevus sebaceus is a congenital hamartomatous lesion, typically involving head and neck. Various benign and malignant neoplasms can develop in association with nevus sebaceus. We report a case of simultaneous occurrence of squamous cell carcinoma and basal cell carcinoma in nevus sebaceus. Methods: A 73-year-old man presented with erythematous to black verrucous nodules on the right subauricular area. The upper part was accompanied with inflammation and ulceration, and no specific findings suspicious for malignant degeneration were found in the lower part preoperatively. The mass was totally excised and the defect was directly closed. Lymph nodes were not involved on concomitant neck dissection. Results: Histopathologic examination confirmed the presence of squamous cell carcinoma in the upper part and basal cell carcinoma in the lower part of a nevus sebaceus. Negative margins were achieved on resection. No clinical problems were found during the 3-month follow-up period. Conclusion: We experienced a rare case of simultaneous occurrence of squamous cell carcinoma and basal cell carcinoma within the same nevus sebaceus. Because patients with nevus sebaceus have risk of malignant changes, surgical excision and work-up for recurrence and metastasis should be considered in suspicious cases. And even in a totally asymptomatic case, the possibility of occult secondary cancer should be informed before surgery in aged patients.
Competitive algorithm blending for enhanced source separation (2014)

This paper proposes to enhance the blind source separation (BSS) solution by running multiple BSS algorithms in parallel and blending the outputs to produce a set of source estimates that is at least as good as any individual method, and potentially better. Although the method is applicable to more general BSS problems, the proposed blending method is described in the case of instantaneous mixtures of stationary, zero-mean, unit-variance, white sources. Experimental results show that the method is able to select a best set of sources with respect to minimum mutual information from an input consisting of source estimates.
Multi-scale optical image processing (1991)

The authors introduce two multiscale optical image processing systems, a centroid scale-space processor and an optical wavelet processor. A.P. Witkin (1984) introduced the idea of scale-space, where information is presented on a coordinate system with continuous spatial and scale axes. His representation consists of a convolving the input signal with a Laplacian of a Gaussian point spread function and retaining the zero-crossings (which correspond to edges) as scale (width of the Gaussian) is varied. These edge maps form continuous contours in scale-space. The optical implementation of the system is discussed. The centroid scale-space map (CSSM) is constructed. This technique is extended to 2D input functions by using correlation techniques. The optical system which computes a 2D wavelet transform is shown. One special advantage is that the system complexity is independent of the scale parameter. This gives the flexibility to tailor the scale parameter to the particular application.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Image quality improvement of parallel four-step phase-shifting digital holography by using the algorithm of parallel two-step phase-shifting digital holography (2010)

We propose an algorithm that can improve the quality of the reconstructed image from the single hologram recorded by the optical system of the parallel four-step phase-shifting digital holography. The proposed algorithm applies the image-reconstruction algorithm of parallel two-step phase-shifting digital holography to the hologram so as to reduce errors in the reconstructed image and eliminate ghosts. We numerically and experimentally confirmed that the proposed algorithm decreased 25% in terms of root mean square error in amplitude, and eliminated the ghosts, respectively.
Thrombolysis is an appropriate treatment in lead-associated infective endocarditis with giant vegetations located on the right atrial lead: Figure 1 (2012)

CD endocarditis is a potentially lethal complication after implantation of permanent pacemakers or implantable cardioverter-defibrillators. Complete extraction of the hardware along with antibiotic treatment is the standard therapy. However, there is no standard procedure in the treatment of lead-associated infective endocarditis with large thrombotic vegetations. The authors present the case of a 60-year-old patient with a large vegetation located on the right atrial lead. Due to a high surgical and thrombembolic risk, especially of acute massive pulmonary embolism, the patient received recombinant tissue plasminogen activator to dissolve the thrombus under echocardiographic monitoring. The thrombotic masses were substantially reduced after thrombolysis. Therefore, standard transvenous extraction of the leads could be performed and high risk cardiac re-operation could be avoided.
Voice to Vision IV: It Was Meant To Be Happened (2007)

University of Minnesota Center for Holocaust and Genocide Studies. University of Minnesota Department of Art.
Prostaglandins and related factors: XIX. Thin-layer chromatography of prostaglandins (1964)

Methods are described for separation of all known prostaglandins and some derivatives as free acids and methyl esters by thin-layer chromatography both on analytical and preparative scales. The use of silica gel containing silver nitrate was required for separations of compounds differing in the degree of unsaturation whereas ordinary silica gel was suitable for group separations of prostaglandin E, prostaglandin Fα, and prostaglandin FΒ, compounds.
Analysis of landmarks in recognition of face expressions (2011)

Facial expression is a powerful mechanism used by humans to communicate their emotions, intentions, and opinions to each other. The recognition of facial expressions is extremely important for a responsive and socially interactive human-computer interface. Such an interface with a robust capability to recognize human facial expressions should enable an automated system to effectively deploy in a variety of applications, including human computer interaction, security, law enforcement, psychiatry, and education. In this paper, we examine several core problems in face expression analysis from the perspective of landmarks and distances between them using a statistical approach. We have used statistical analysis to determine the landmarks and features that are best suited to recognize the expressions in a face. We have used a standard database to examine the effectiveness of landmark based approach to classify an expression (a) when a face with a neutral expression is available, and (b) when there is no a priori information about the face.
Totally synthetic polymer with lectin‐like function: Induction of killer cells by the copolymer of 3‐acrylamidophenylboronic acid with N,N‐dimethylacrylamide (2001)

Lectin-like function was demonstrated in this study for a novel water-soluble polymer with phenylboronic acid residues (poly (AAPBA-DMAm)), which induced appreciable proliferation of murine spleen lymphocytes with an increased expression of interleukin-2 (IL-2) receptor on their surface. Consequently, boosted proliferation of lymphocytes with cytotoxic action to YAC-1 cells was achieved by concurrent addition of IL-2 with poly(AAPBA-DMAm) in the medium, indicating this boronate-containing polymer to be worked as an effective immuno-adjuvant for the induction of lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cells. Flow-cytofluorimetry study revealed that poly(AAPBA-DMAm) competitively inhibited the cellular binding of N-acetylneuraminic acid-specific lectin (Limax Flavus Agglutinin) in a concentration-dependent manner, suggesting that phenylboronate moiety in the polymer may recognize N-acetylneur- aminic acid (sialic acid) residues existing on the plasma-membrane surface of lymphocytes to induce their proliferation. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Biotechnol Bioeng 72: 307–314, 2001.
Clinical and primary evidence of silver diamine fluoride on root caries management (2021)

Root caries is a growing problem for the worldwide aging population. Silver diamine fluoride (SDF) contains high concentrations of silver and fluoride ions, which prevents and arrests root caries, as well as dentin caries in the primary teeth of young children. Unlike other fluoride products that mainly reduce the formation of new carious lesions, 38% SDF is an effective agent that can efficiently arrest the carious process, remineralize the decayed dental tissues, and protect the tooth structure against the formation of new caries lesions. The use of SDF can result in more caries-resistant tooth structures. Despite these merits, its clinical disadvantages are the deep penetration of silver ions and sequential formation of silver compounds, which cause esthetic concern due to the discoloration and impaired efficacy of dentin bonding after using SDF. Thus, this narrative review, by addressing the primary experimental results and clinical applications of SDF on root caries, proposes management methods for root caries in conjunction with the application of SDF. We propose a two-visit treatment protocol to take advantage of the SDF application for root surface caries and utilize the discoloration caused by SDF.