gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Characterization of Lymphocyte-Activating Factor (LAF) Produced by a Macrophage Cell Line, P388D1 (1978)

Abstract Unstimulated P388D1 cells, as well as P388D1 cells stimulated with PHA-activated guinea pig T lymphocytes or LPS, produced a lymphocyte activating factor (LAF). In order to have a chemical basis for comparing this LAF with the LAF produced by normal macrophages, we have analyzed several biochemical characteristics of the P388D1-derived LAF. Sephadex G-75 chromatography of concentrated LAF-containing supernatants from cultures of unstimulated and T cell stimulated P388D1 cells demonstrated that the cell line LAF had a m.w. of approximately 16,000. On DEAE cellulose, the T cell-induced LAF fractionated into at least three major peaks and one minor peak. By using hydroxylapatite chromatography, two of the major peaks of LAF activity were separated from residual contaminating Lowry positive material. LPS-stimulated P388D1 also produced LAF with a m.w. of 16,000. However, the LPS-induced LAF appeared to lack one of the DEAE peaks of LAF activity observed with the T cell-derived LAF. In contrast to LPS, T cells may induce the synthesis and/or release of an additional LAF component or enzymatically modify one or more of the LAF species that are produced in response to both stimulants. Based on the results of chemical characterization studies, the P388D1-derived LAF appears to be similar in size and charge to the lymphocyte activating factor produced by normal macrophages.
Complications following surgery with or without radiotherapy or radiotherapy alone for prostate cancer (2015)

In patients treated for prostate cancer, radiation after surgery increases the rate of complications compared with surgery alone, though these rates remain lower than patients treated with radiation alone. This information may inform patient and physician decision making in the treatment of prostate cancer.
Stability of Lactic Acid Bacteria and Bifidobacteria in Foods and Supplements (2019)

The increasing interest in the inclusion of the microorganisms in foods and supplements has led to the great variety of products currently available. Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) have been part of human nutrition since ancient times, when the microorganisms were responsible for spontaneous food fermentations. LAB used as starters normally display appropriate stability in food matrices. Freeze-drying is one of the most convenient methods and often considered the best method for obtaining a stable formulation with LAB and bifidobacteria. Fruits and vegetables contain beneficial nutrients and have taste profiles compatible with all population age groups, which make them a suitable vehicle for LAB and probiotics. Developing and/or manufacturing a stable product containing live microorganisms such as LAB or bifidobacteria is always a challenging issue. The extensive use of LAB and bifidobacteria as probiotics requires an in-depth knowledge of the stability of the properties that allow strains to interact with hosts and to exert their beneficial effects on human health.
Acyclic diterpenoid from the red alga Gracilaria foliifera (2010)

The dichloromethane/methanol extract from the red alga Gracilaria foliifera was subjected to a column chromatography which afforded a new (naturally) acyclic diterpenoid 3,7,11,15 tetramethyl-3-hexadec-en-1-ol (1) in addition to two C 29 ethylidene steroids fucosterol, (24E)-Stigmasta-5,24(28)-diene-3β-ol (2) and isofucosterol, (24Z)-Stigmasta-5,24(28)-diene-3β-ol (3) which are reported for the first time from the genus Gracilaria. The structures were assigned mainly on the basis of 1 H and 13 C NMR experiments.
Effect of vigabatrin on epilepsy in mentally retarded patients (1988)

We studied the antiepileptic potency of vigabatrin (gamma-vinyl GABA, GVG) as an open trial in a group of 36 mentally handicapped patients with drug-resistant epilepsy (30 had seizures of partial onset and 6 had primary generalized [PG] tonic-clonic convulsions). With this treatment, 13 (43%) of the patients with seizures of partial onset and 2 (33%) with PG had more than 50% reduction in seizure frequency. The antiepileptic effect appeared during the first month of therapy and continued throughout the 7-month study. The side effects were mild: tiredness, aggressiveness, and ataxia. Other antiepileptic drugs remained at baseline levels during GVG therapy. GVG did not alter EEG recordings. Our results suggest that GVG is effective for treatment of intractable epilepsy, especially the partial type, in mentally retarded patients. Longer follow-up is needed, however, to determine that the clinical effect is maintained and that no severe side effects appear.
Hydrogen isotopic analysis of nuclear reactor materials using ultrafast laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (2020)

Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy is a promising method for rapidly measuring hydrogen and its isotopes, critical to a wide range of disciplines (e.g. nuclear energy, hydrogen storage). However, line broadening can hinder the ability to detect finely spaced isotopic shifts. Here, the effects of varying plasma generation conditions (nanosecond versus femtosecond laser ablation) and ambient environments (argon versus helium gas) on spectral features generated from Zircaloy-4 targets with varying hydrogen isotopic compositions were studied. Time-resolved 2D spectral imaging was employed to detail the spatial distribution of species throughout plasma evolution. Results highlight that hydrogen and deuterium isotopic shifts can be measured with minimal spectral broadening in a ∼ 10 Torr helium gas environment using ultrafast laser-produced plasmas.
Phosphoproteome Analysis of the Platelet Plasma Membrane (2011)

Blood platelets are key players standing at the crossroads between physiologically occurring hemostasis and pathologic thrombus formation. As these cellular particles lack a nucleus, intra- and intercellular processes involved in platelet activity and function are almost exclusively regulated on the protein level. In particular, posttranslational protein modification by phosphorylation, which allows for a quick and highly dynamic transduction of cellular signals, is discussed in this context. In addition, since platelet activation and aggregation usually require surface contact with the surrounding tissue, special interest focuses on this contacting region, and hence on the subproteome of the platelet plasma membrane. In this chapter, we present a mass spectrometry-driven approach capable of dealing with the task of platelet plasma membrane proteomics and phosphoproteomics. The outlined protocols include strategies for the isolation and purification of plasma membrane proteins by aqueous two-phase partitioning and subsequent enrichment of phosphopeptides via titanium dioxide chromatography.
Glial-Restricted Precursors Protect Neonatal Brain Slices from Hypoxic-Ischemic Cell Death Without Direct Tissue Contact (2016)

Glial-Restricted Precursors (GRPs) are tripotential progenitors that have been shown to exhibit beneficial effects in several preclinical models of neurological disorders, including neonatal brain injury. The mechanisms of action of these cells, however, require further study, as do clinically relevant questions such as timing and route of cell administration. Here, we explored the effects of GRPs on neonatal hypoxia-ischemia during acute and subacute stages, using an in vitro transwell co-culture system with organotypic brain slices exposed to oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD). OGD-exposed slices that were then co-cultured with GRPs without direct cell contact had decreased tissue injury and cortical cell death, as evaluated by lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release and propidium iodide (PI) staining. This effect was more pronounced when cells were added during the subacute phase of the injury. Furthermore, GRPs reduced the amount of glutamate in the slice supernatant and changed the proliferation pattern of endogenous progenitor cells in brain slices. In summary, we show that GRPs exert a neuroprotective effect on neonatal hypoxia-ischemia without the need for direct cell-cell contact, thus confirming the rising view that beneficial actions of stem cells are more likely attributable to trophic or immunomodulatory support rather than to long-term integration.
Influence of the Hydrophobic Phase on the Thermal Transitions of Water Sorbed in a Polymer Hydrogel Based on Interpenetration of a Hydrophilic and a Hydrophobic Network (2003)

An interpenetrating polymer network with a low cross-linking content (so that phase separation appears) based on interpenetration of a hydrophobic, poly(ethyl acrylate), PEA, and a hydrophilic, poly(hydroxyethyl acrylate), PHEA, network is synthesized, swollen with different amounts of water, and subjected to cooling and heating scans in a differential scanning calorimeter. Results are compared with those of a pure hydrophilic network for the same water contents. Three qualitatively different kinds of thermograms are found in both cases, but in the case of the IPN, the hydrophobic component of the IPN significantly perturbs the melting process of water sorbed in the hydrophilic phase of the hydrogel. The hydrophobic component of the IPN has no appreciable influence on the specific (per unit hydrophilic component mass) water sorption, which remains almost the same as in the pure hydrophilic network, but it hinders the first-order transitions of water in the hydrogel and controls their temperature.
Plasminogen activator as a marker for activation and function of monocytes (1983)

Plasminogen activator (PA) of human peripheral monocytes was examined by fibrinolytic activity. The fibrinolysis assay was performed by using the 125I-fibrin plate. In brief, suspension with freshly isolated mononuclear cells was added to the cultured plate coated with 125I-fibrin, and incubated. Non-adherent cells were removed after 2 hr. Adherent cells were incubated for 3-48 hr, and released radioactivity in the medium was counted. The remaining radioactivity of the plate was also counted for determination of total radioactivity. PA activity was expressed as the percentage of total radioactivity solubilized during the assay period.The value of PA activity by mononuclear cells (MNC) in normal subjects was 11.5±3.2% at 24 hr and 31.0±6.4% at 48 hr. PA activity of MNC without plasminogen or monocytes was significantly low. The activity was increased with the increased number of monocytes. From these results it was concluded that fibrinolysis was due to the production of PA by monocytes. Monocytes PA activity was significantly increased by stimulation of concanavalin A. PA activity of monocytes from children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia was not significantly different from normal subjects, but it was low in some patients at relapse. The activity in tuberculosis was significantly higher than that in normal subjects. PA activity is considered to be a useful marker for monocytes activation.
Role of Blood-Based Biomarkers in Ischemic Stroke Prognosis (2021)

The number of reports on prognostic blood-based biomarkers in ischemic stroke increased 3.5-fold in the period January 2007 to August 2018. Although sample size increased, methodological flaws are still common. Natriuretic peptides and markers of inflammation, atherogenesis, and stress response are the most promising prognostic biomarkers among identified studies.
X-Ray Marching for the Computational Modeling of Tomographic Systems Applied to Materials Applications (2022)

Abstract X-ray tomography (XCT) and microtomography (uCT) are powerful experimental techniques for determining the internal structure of materials and objects. However, the physics governing these systems, particularly the myriad of complex interactions between X-rays and materials, lead to the frequent generation of spurious data “artifacts.” When these techniques are used to determine the quantitatively precise dimensions and morphology of defects and other features present in the objects under study, the presence of these artifacts is highly deleterious. A computational framework for simulating and studying tomographic processes, and the physical origins of such artifacts, may increase the overall utility of these techniques. This work presents the introduction, development, and demonstration of such a framework based on a ray-marching approach. A number of physics-driven and computationally-driven considerations guiding the development of this framework are discussed. A demonstration problem taken from prior literature is examined, and it is shown that even a basic implementation of this framework offers meaningful insight which can be used to improve quantitative measurements made using XCT. We conclude with remarks regarding the usage of this technique in a broader scope, and the work required to approach such tasks.
Errata (2010)

Liver is the site of splanchnic cortisol production in obese nondiabetic
0449 Correlations Between Sleep Parameters and ISI Total Score in Subjects with Moderate to Severe Insomnia Treated with Lemborexant (2022)

Abstract Introduction Lemborexant (LEM) is a dual orexin receptor antagonist (DORA) approved in multiple countries for the treatment of adults with insomnia. In Study 303 (NCT02952820), LEM provided significant benefit on subject-reported sleep measures versus placebo (PBO). This post hoc analysis investigated whether changes from baseline in sleep parameters with LEM are correlated with insomnia disorder severity. Methods Study 303 was a randomized, double-blind, PBO-controlled (first 6mo [Period 1]), phase 3 study. During Period 1, subjects received LEM 5mg (LEM5), LEM 10mg (LEM10), or PBO. During Period 2 (second 6mo), LEM subjects continued their assigned dose and PBO subjects were rerandomized to LEM5 or LEM10 (rerandomized subjects not reported here). The correlation between changes in subject-reported sleep parameters (sleep onset latency [sSOL], wake after sleep onset [sWASO], sleep efficiency [sSE], total sleep time [sTST]) and insomnia disorder severity, as assessed by the Insomnia Severity Index total score (ISI-TS) were evaluated in the Full Analysis Set (FAS; ISI-TS ≥15) and in a subgroup of subjects with severe (ISI-TS ≥22 at baseline) insomnia over 12mo for LEM and over 6mo for PBO. Results Among 949 (PBO=318; LEM5=316; LEM10=315) subjects, 223 (PBO=65; LEM5=84; LEM10=74) had severe insomnia at baseline. Within each sleep parameter and severity group, baseline values were similar across treatments. Overall, strong to very strong correlations were observed between changes from baseline in sleep parameters and decrease in ISI-TS, regardless of treatment, as determined by correlation coefficients for sSOL (LEM5=0.973 [P=0.0053]; LEM10=0.997 [P=0.0002]; PBO=0.844 [P=0.361]), sSE (LEM5=–0.937 [P=0.0188]; LEM10=–0.992 [P=0.0008]; PBO=–0.950 [P=0.2018]), sWASO (LEM5=0.937 [P=0.0187]; LEM10=0.996 [P=0.0003]; PBO=0.979 [P=0.1299]), and sTST (LEM5=–0.876 [P=0.0515]; LEM10=–0.974 [P=0.0050]; PBO=–0.933 [P=0.2346]). Strong to very strong correlations were also observed in subjects with severe insomnia: sSOL (LEM5=0.818 [P=0.0904]; LEM10=0.823 [P=0.0868]; PBO=0.828 [P=0.3788]), sSE (LEM5=–0.860 [P=0.0616]; LEM10=–0.975 [P=0.0048]; PBO=–0.961 [P=0.1792]), sWASO (LEM5=0.871 [P=0.0544]; LEM10=0.936 [P=0.0194]; PBO=0.875 [P=0.3213]), and sTST (LEM5=–0.843 [P=0.0729]; LEM10=–0.969 [P=0.0095]; PBO=–0.974 [P=0.1449]). Conclusion Across the study period, changes from baseline in reported nocturnal sleep parameters correlated with reductions in severity of insomnia disorder regardless of insomnia severity at baseline. Support (If Any) Eisai Inc.
Optimization of (Gd)5Si4 based materials: A step toward self-controlled hyperthermia applications (2009)

Structural and magnetic properties have been studied across the Gd5(Si1−xGex)4 and (Gd1−xRx)5Si4 series, with R=Ce Nd, Er, and Ho, in the context of their use as ferromagnetic materials in the self-controlled hyperthermia treatment of cancer. The study shows that these materials have high magnetization values and their magnetic ordering temperatures (TC) can be varied linearly over a broad range by adjusting the composition of the constituent elements. The magnetization values of these materials are close to the bulk value of α-Fe and are substantially higher than other transition metal and Fe based magnetic materials, e.g., oxide and ferrites. The high magnetization and optimality of TC values for self-controlled hyperthermia applications observed in these materials distinguish them as magnetic material of choice for such applications.
RAID5 performance with distributed sparing (1997)

Distributed sparing is a method to improve the performance of RAID5 disk arrays with respect to a dedicated sparing system with N+2 disks (including the spare disk), since it utilizes the bandwidth of all N+2 disks. We analyze the performance of RAID5 with distributed sparing in normal mode, degraded mode, and rebuild mode in an OLTP environment, which implies small reads and writes. The analysis in normal mode uses an M/G/1 queuing model, which takes into account the components of disk service time. In degraded mode, a low-cost approximate method is developed to estimate the mean response time of fork-join requests resulting from accesses to recreate lost data on the failed disk. Rebuild mode performance is analyzed by considering an M/G/1 vacationing server model with multiple vacations of different types to take into account differences in processing requirements for reading the first and subsequent tracks. An iterative solution method is used to estimate the mean response time of disk requests, as well as the time to read each disk, which is shown to be quite accurate through validation against simulation results. We next compare RAID5 performance in a system (1) without a cache; (2) with a cache; and (3) with a nonvolatile storage (NVS) cache. The last configuration, in addition to improved read response time due to cache hits, provides a fast-write capability, such that dirty blocks can be destaged asynchronously and at a lower priority than read requests, resulting in an improvement in read response time. The small write penalty is also reduced due to the possibility of repeated writes to dirty blocks in the cache and by taking advantage of disk geometry to efficiently destage multiple blocks at a time.
Contemporary sample stacking in analytical electrophoresis (2014)

This contribution is a methodological review of the publications about the topic from the last 2 years. Therefore, it is primarily organized according to the methods and procedures used in surveyed papers and the origin and type of sample and specification of analytes form the secondary structure. The introductory part about navigation in the architecture of stacking brings a brief characterization of the various stacking methods, with the description of mutual links to each other and important differences among them. The main body of the article brings a survey of publications organized according to main principles of stacking and then according to the origin and type of the sample. Provided that the paper cited gave explicitly the relevant data, information about the BGE(s) used, procedure, detector employed, and reached LOD and/or concentration effect is given. The papers where the procedure used is a combination of diverse fragments and parts of various stacking techniques are mentioned in a special section on combined techniques. The concluding remarks in the final part of the review evaluate present state of art and the trends of sample stacking in CE.
Sensing of HSV-1 by the cGAS–STING pathway in microglia orchestrates antiviral defence in the CNS (2016)

Herpes simplex encephalitis (HSE) is the most common form of acute viral encephalitis in industrialized countries. Type I interferon (IFN) is important for control of herpes simplex virus (HSV-1) in the central nervous system (CNS). Here we show that microglia are the main source of HSV-induced type I IFN expression in CNS cells and these cytokines are induced in a cGAS-STING-dependent manner. Consistently, mice defective in cGAS or STING are highly susceptible to acute HSE. Although STING is redundant for cell-autonomous antiviral resistance in astrocytes and neurons, viral replication is strongly increased in neurons in STING-deficient mice. Interestingly, HSV-infected microglia confer STING-dependent antiviral activities in neurons and prime type I IFN production in astrocytes through the TLR3 pathway. Thus, sensing of HSV-1 infection in the CNS by microglia through the cGAS-STING pathway orchestrates an antiviral program that includes type I IFNs and immune-priming of other cell types.
Synthesis of the Marine Sponge Cycloheptapeptide Phakellistatin 5 (1999)

Phakellistatin 5 (1), a constituent of The Federated States of Micronesia (Chuuk) marine sponge Phakellia costada, was synthesized by solution-phase and solid-phase techniques. Because the linear peptide bearing (R)-Asn resisted cyclization, the synthesis of this peptide was repeated using the PAL resin attachment proceeding from N-Fmoc-D-Asp-alpha-OCH(2)CH=CH(2). After addition of the final unit (Ala), the allyl ester was removed under neutral conditions with Pd(o) [P(C(6)H(5))(3)](4). Removal of the final Fmoc-protecting group and cyclization with PyAOP provided (R)-Asn-phakellistatin 5 (2) in 28% overall yield. The same synthetic route from (S)-Asp led to natural phakellistatin 5 (1) in 15% overall recovery. The solution-phase and solid-phase synthetic products derived from (S)-Asp were found to be chemically but not biologically identical with natural phakellistatin 5 (1). This important fact suggested that a trace, albeit highly cancer-cell growth inhibitory, constituent accompanied the natural product or that there is a subtle conformational difference between the synthetic and natural cyclic peptides.
Ultraviolet emission spectra from formed-ferrite plasma sources (1988)

Emission spectra from a high-current line plasma produced by means of a formed-ferrite plasma source have been measured in the ultraviolet spectral region 225–400 nm with emphasis on the ambient gas pressure dependence. A long distance, linear plasma of 13 cm was produced in a test chamber filled with CF4, N2, and Ar gases at various pressures ranging from 760 down to 10−5 Torr. The formed-ferrite plasma source was driven by a 2-μF capacitor bank charged at 15–25 kV. When the line plasma was created in a high vacuum of 10−5 Torr, several emission lines caused by singly ionized atomic species such as FeII and NiII which originated from the ferrite material appeared in the shorter wavelength region near 250 nm. This finding implies possible generation of vacuum ultraviolet, extreme ultraviolet, and soft x-ray photons based on the higher ionized atomic species by the formed-ferrite plasma source operating in such a high vacuum.
Telmisartan, an Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Blocker, Inhibits Advanced Glycation End-product (AGE)-elicited Hepatic Insulin Resistance via Peroxisome Proliferator-activated Receptor-γ Activation (2008)

This study examined whether telmisartan, a unique angiotensin II type 1 receptor blocker (ARB) with peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPAR-gamma)-modulating activity, improved insulin resistance in advanced glycation end-product (AGE)-exposed human hepatoma (Hep3B) cells. AGE increased phosphorylation of insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1) at serine-307 residues in Hep3B cells. It also decreased tyrosine phosphorylation of IRS-1 and, subsequently, reduced the association of the p85 subunit of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase with IRS-1 and glycogen synthesis in insulin-exposed Hep3B cells, all of which were inhibited by telmisartan. The insulin-sensitizing properties of telmisartan in AGE-exposed Hep3B cells were significantly blocked by GW9662, an inhibitor of PPAR-gamma. Candesartan, another ARB, did not affect AGEs-induced serine phosphorylation of IRS-1 at serine-307 residues in Hep3B cells. Our study suggests that telmisartan could improve AGE-elicited insulin resistance in Hep3B cells by inhibiting serine phosphorylation of IRS-1, at least in part, via activation of PPAR-gamma. Telmisartan may play a protective role against hepatic insulin resistance in diabetes.