gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Ring Compounds of Boron and Phosphorus (1992)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Planar Silicon-Rich Nitride Resonators Doped with Neodymium (2011)

We report on the characterization of neodymium doped silicon rich nitride resonators at 1550nm. We demonstrate the feasibility of use in photonic circuits and demonstrate ring resonators with quality factors of &gt; 5,000.
High energy neutron flux detection with dielectric plastics (1970)

Abstract Dielectric plastics were irradiated with high energy neutrons to investigate their usefulness as flux detectors. Shields thick to heavy particles and of varying composition were placed in front of the plastics to test their effectiveness as radiators. Track producing particles resulted from (n, 4He) reactions and from recoils of light nuclei. Elements possessing high (n, 4He) cross sections were chosen as shields along with other heavy elements chosen to screen the surface of the plastic from all external track-producing particles. Carbon and aluminum satisfied the first condition while gold and lead satisfied the second. After etching, the track densities in cellulose nitrate were counted. The sensitivity under graphite varied from about 2.7 × 10−5 to 3.4 × 10−5 tracks/neutron for neutrons between 13.1 and 17.1 MeV. Useful track densities are produced by fluxes in the range of about 2 × 108 to 5 × 1010 n 0/cm2. The 12C (n, n'3 4He) reaction also took place in the carbon nuclei within the plastic itself. This allowed the triple-4He particle tracks to be counted. The sensitivity of this method varied from about 2.7 × 10−8 to 5.7 × 10−8 tracks/neutron. The useful flux range in the best case (under gold) was from 5 × 1010 to 5 × 1011 n 0/cm2.
4.1.2 A Model‐Based Requirements Database Tool for Complex Embedded Systems (2005)

Abstract It has become clear that spacecraft system complexity is reaching a threshold where customary methods of control are no longer affordable or sufficiently reliable. At the heart of this problem are the conventional approaches to systems and software engineering based on subsystem‐level functional decomposition, which fail to scale in the tangled web of interactions typically encountered in complex spacecraft designs. Furthermore, there is a fundamental gap between the requirements on software specified by systems engineers and the implementation of these requirements by software engineers. Software engineers must perform the translation of requirements into software code, hoping to capture accurately the systems engineer's understanding of the system behavior, which is not always explicitly specified. This gap opens up the possibility for misinterpretation of the systems engineer's intent, potentially leading to software errors. This problem is addressed by a systems engineering methodology called State Analysis, which provides a process for capturing system and software requirements in the form of explicit models. This paper describes (1) how requirements for complex aerospace systems can be developed using State Analysis, (2) how these requirements inform the design of the system software, and (3) how this process has been aided through a State Analysis Database (SDB) and supporting multi‐platform client. The SDB provides a productive, collaborative development environment for State Analysis that is shared by both systems and software engineers.
Line space gathering for single scattering in large scenes (2010)

We present an efficient technique to render single scattering in large scenes with reflective and refractive objects and homogeneous participating media. Efficiency is obtained by evaluating the final radiance along a viewing ray directly from the lighting rays passing near to it, and by rapidly identifying such lighting rays in the scene. To facilitate the search for nearby lighting rays, we convert lighting rays and viewing rays into 6D points and planes according to their Plücker coordinates and coefficients, respectively. In this 6D line space, the problem of closest lines search becomes one of closest points to a plane query, which we significantly accelerate using a spatial hierarchy of the 6D points. This approach to lighting ray gathering supports complex light paths with multiple reflections and refractions, and avoids the use of a volume representation, which is expensive for large-scale scenes. This method also utilizes far fewer lighting rays than the number of photons needed in traditional volumetric photon mapping, and does not discretize viewing rays into numerous steps for ray marching. With this approach, results similar to volumetric photon mapping are obtained efficiently in terms of both storage and computation.
Experimental Study of the Micromechanical Behaviour of Duplex Stainless Steel SAF 2507 and the Influence of Nitrogen Content (2010)

Experimental Study of the Micromechanical Behaviour of Duplex Stainless Steel SAF 2507 and the Influence of Nitrogen Content
Alginate-cellulose sulphate-oligocation microcapsules: Optimization of mass transport and mechanical properties (2007)

Microcapsules based on polyelectrolyte complexation, where the inner phase involves a blend of alginate and sodium cellulose sulphate (SCS), have mechanical and transport properties which are relatively insensitive to the chemical composition of the rigid polyanion. Specifically, the bursting force of 400- and 1000 microm microcapsules increase slightly with the degree of substitution of the SCS, though the molar mass of the SCS appears to influence the transport properties more strongly than its composition. The concentration of the sodium chloride in the gelling batch can be varied rather extensively, with optimum properties at approximately half (i.e. 0.5 M) the level typically employed for the formation of cell-containing microcapsules. This indicates that the microcapsule properties can be tuned for biocompatability, without concern that changes to the polymer microstructure or reaction process conditions would adversely influence the bursting force or molar mass cut-off of the capsules. The alginate-SCS blend, which is typical equimass, can be slightly increased in favour of the SCS (to 55 wt%) if one seeks to mechanically optimize the system. The substitution of the oligocation polymethylene-co-guanidine with pDADMAC seems strongly undesirable. Similarly, the replacement of SCS with sulphoethylcellulose, while possible, offers no important advantages. The overall optimum conditions appear to be for a SCS with a DS of 2, prepared at 1.2 wt% of total cation with alginate. The ideal ratio, for mechanical and transport properties, of SCS to alginate is 55:45 (wt:wt), which represents a subtle modification from the classical formulation with very good biocompatability.
Winterstar™ (‘FL 05-107’) Strawberry (2012)

Winterstar(TM) ('FL 05-107') Strawberry (HS1198)
Winterstar(TM) (‘FL 05-107′) is a new strawberry cultivar released from the University of Florida in 2011, originating from a 2005 cross between ‘Florida Radiance’ and ‘Earlibrite’. Data from several years of trials were used to generate this information and recommendations to help growers obtain optimal performance in West Central Florida. This 3-page fact sheet was written by Vance M. Whitaker, Craig K. Chandler, Bielinski M. Santos, and Natalia A. Peres, and published by the UF Department of Horticultural Sciences, April 2012.
http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/hs1198
Aspects of Wellbore Heat Transfer During Two-Phase Flow (1994)

Summary Wellbore fluid temperature is governed by the rate of heat loss from the wellbore to the surrounding formation, which in turn is a function of depth and production/injection time. We present an approach to estimate wellbore fluid temperature during steady-state twophase flow. The method incorporates a new solution of the thermal diffusivity equation and the effect of both conductive and convective heat transport for the wellbore/formation system. For the multiphase flow in the wellbore, the Hasan-Kabir model has been adapted, although other mechanistic models may be used. A field example is used to illustrate the fluid temperature calculation procedure and shows the importance of accounting for convection in the tubing/casing annulus. A sensitivity study shows that significant differences exist between the predicted wellhead temperature and the formation surface temperature and that the fluid temperature gradient is nonlinear. This study further shows that increased free gas lowers the wellhead temperature as a result of the Joule-Thompson effect. In such cases, the expression for fluid temperature developed earlier for single-phase flow should not be applied when multiphase flow is encountered. An appropriate expression is presented in this work for wellbores producing multiphase fluids.
Electrical faults in high temperature superconducting power cables for MVDC power systems of all-electric ships (2020)

Abstract High temperature superconducting (HTS) power cables are expected to be used in the future in electric ships that will have integrated power and energy systems (IPES). There have been a few studies on understanding electrical faults in power systems consisting of HTS cables; however, there are no comprehensive studies on the response of HTS cables for various types of electrical faults. We have recently initiated a research project on understanding various electrical faults in shipboard medium voltage direct current (MVDC) power systems and the duration of the fault, maximum voltage, and maximum current that the HTS cables will encounter during the fault. This paper presents investigations on the potential cable architectures being developed for MVDC power systems, and the type of faults that HTS cables will encounter in such systems. The paper will assess the relative merits of these architectures in terms of their suitability for accommodating the limitations of cryogenically cooled HTS cables and offer design suggestions for resilient power systems. Electrical and cryogenic thermal models of HTS cables that are suitable for assessing the response of HTS cables for electrical faults, as well as HTS cable designs that can endure electrical faults without catastrophic damage will also be discussed.
Subcellular localization of type IV pili regulates bacterial multicellular development (2022)

In mammals, subcellular protein localization of factors like planar cell polarity proteins is a key driver of the multicellular organization of tissues. Bacteria also form organized multicellular communities, but these patterns are largely thought to emerge from regulation of whole-cell processes like growth, motility, cell shape, and differentiation. Here we show that a unique intracellular patterning of appendages known as type IV pili (T4P) can drive multicellular development of complex bacterial communities. Specifically, dynamic T4P appendages localize in a line along the long axis of the cell in the bacterium Acinetobacter baylyi. This long-axis localization is regulated by a functionally divergent chemosensory Pil-Chp system, and an atypical T4P protein homologue (FimV) bridges Pil-Chp signaling and T4P positioning. We further demonstrate through modeling and empirical approaches that subcellular T4P localization controls how individual cells interact with one another, independently of T4P dynamics, with different patterns of localization giving rise to distinct multicellular architectures. Our results reveal how subcellular patterning of single cells regulates the development of multicellular bacterial communities.
Interfacial energy for solutions of nanoparticles, surfactants, and electrolytes (2019)

Abstract The addition of surfactants to modify the surface property of nanoparticles (NPs) from hydrophilic to hydrophobic also enhances their interfacial properties. Several approaches were previously proposed to calculate the surface tension/interfacial tension (IFT) for different systems in the presence of NPs, surfactants, and electrolytes. However, most of these approaches are indirect and require several measured parameters. Therefore, a mathematical model is developed here to calculate the surface tension/IFT for these systems. The developed model takes into account the cohesive energy due to the interaction of the surfactant CH 2 groups, the electric double layer effect due to the interaction among the ions of NPs, surfactants, and electrolytes, and the dipole–dipole interaction of NPs and electrolytes. The developed model is compared and validated with the laboratory experimental data in literature. The results reveal further understanding of the mechanisms involved in stabilization of oil/water emulsion in the presence of NPs, surfactants, and electrolytes.
A Cluster of Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococcus faecium in an Intensive Care Unit (1992)

The results suggest that prior administration of vancomycin, especially in the patient who develops nosocomial infection, can influence the acquisition of vancomycin-resistant enterococci and that VAREC may be transmitted from patient to patient. Using a modification of the standard infection control practice of isolation, we were able to control the spread of this resistant strain of E faecium.
Strategies for Online Inventory Routing Problem Under Real-Time Information (2005)

The inventory routing problem (IRP) under real-time information studied in this paper involves repeated delivery of products from a depot to a set of retailers that face stochastic demands over a long period. This system is controlled by a central decision maker who operates with real-time information about the complete state of the system. To address this online IRP under real-time information, rolling horizon approaches are proposed: plans are updated and solve a mixed integer programming formulation for the off-line version of the problem. In this mixed integer programming formulation, an incremental inventory cost (IIC) function is introduced to combine inventory and transportation costs in the same objective function. This IIC function takes into account additional inventory costs associated with serving a customer at a different time and refilling an amount different from that prescribed by the best inventory policy with fixed transportation costs. Three rolling horizon strategies for the real-time version are compared. These policies are based on repeated reoptimization of different instances of the offline IRP and differ in the number of steps that are implemented for current solutions and the events that trigger plan updates. These policies are compared with a benchmark policy of operating the system in a decentralized manner. The comparison is conducted with a general simulation framework. New replanning policies are shown to outperform systematically the benchmark policy under all scenarios considered.
Generation of Human Immunosuppressive Myeloid Cell Populations in Human Interleukin-6 Transgenic NOG Mice (2018)

The tumor microenvironment contains unique immune cells, termed myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), and tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) that suppress host anti-tumor immunity and promote tumor angiogenesis and metastasis. Although these cells are considered a key target of cancer immune therapy, <i>in vivo</i> animal models allowing differentiation of human immunosuppressive myeloid cells have yet to be established, hampering the development of novel cancer therapies. In this study, we established a novel humanized transgenic (Tg) mouse strain, human interleukin (hIL)-6-expressing NOG mice (NOG-hIL-6 transgenic mice). After transplantation of human hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), the HSC-transplanted NOG-hIL-6 Tg mice (HSC-NOG-hIL-6 Tg mice) showed enhanced human monocyte/macrophage differentiation. A significant number of human monocytes were negative for HLA-DR expression and resembled immature myeloid cells in the spleen and peripheral blood from HSC-NOG-hIL-6 Tg mice, but not from HSC-NOG non-Tg mice. Engraftment of HSC4 cells, a human head and neck squamous cell carcinoma-derived cell line producing various factors including IL-6, IL-1β, macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), into HSC-NOG-hIL-6 Tg mice induced a significant number of TAM-like cells, but few were induced in HSC-NOG non-Tg mice. The tumor-infiltrating macrophages in HSC-NOG-hIL-6 Tg mice expressed a high level of CD163, a marker of immunoregulatory myeloid cells, and produced immunosuppressive molecules such as arginase-1 (Arg-1), IL-10, and VEGF. Such cells from HSC-NOG-hIL-6 Tg mice, but not HSC-NOG non-Tg mice, suppressed human T cell proliferation in response to antigen stimulation in <i>in vitro</i> cultures. These results suggest that functional human TAMs can be developed in NOG-hIL-6 Tg mice. This mouse model will contribute to the development of novel cancer immune therapies targeting immunoregulatory/immunosuppressive myeloid cells.
Finding an Obesity Gene — A Tale of Mice and Man (1995)

The term “complex disease” has been coined for conditions that arise from multifaceted interactions of environmental and heritable factors. It encompasses some of the most common disorders, such as hypertension, ischemic heart disease, and obesity. The heritability of these disorders deviates in important ways from that of classic, (mono)genetic diseases: no simple mendelian mode of transmission is apparent, and the severity of the disorders shows quantitative, unimodal variation rather than a dichotomous distribution. Complex traits are regarded as polygenic and multifactorial, with the phenotype representing the net effect of all contributing genes and environmental factors. These characteristics render the hunt . . .
In-vitro antifungal activity of sertaconazole, econazole, and bifonazole against Candida spp (1995)

The in-vitro activity of sertaconazole (7-chloro-3-[1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl- 1-yl)ethoxy-methyl] benzo[b] thiophene) was compared with that of econazole and bifonazole against 150 strains of yeasts which includes six Candida species. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were determined by a microdilution technique in Sabouraud's liquid medium, (pH 5.6). Sertaconazole (arithmetic mean MIC 0.77 mg/L) was more active than econazole (MIC 1.75 mg/L) and bifonazole (MIC 9.05 mg/L). MIC values for sertaconazole were generally and specifically lower for each tested species, Candida parapsilosis being the most susceptible (MIC 0.31 mg/L), in contrast to Candida tropicalis, which had the highest MIC (1.67 mg/L).
Shock and awe will be felt for years to come (2003)

The shock and awe tactics of this war in Iraq will have profound psychological effects on victims, instigators and observers. A child watching the conflict on TV may feel fear but become desensitised to the horror. A child in Baghdad may have terrifying scenes etched into memory.
Novel quantitative whole-body parametric PET imaging utilizing multiple clustering realizations (2016)

Whole-body parametric PET imaging along with Patlak graphical analysis has the potential to provide improved diagnosis. However, a voxel-based fitting approach for a short dynamic scan protocol results in high statistical noise in the parametric images. The objective of our study is to present the framework of a novel multiple clustering realizations (MCR) method for estimating parametric images with improved image quality. The method relies primarily on using standard k-means clustering for segmenting the time-activity curves within the whole-body volume. In addition, in order to obtain improved accuracy without increasing noise, multiple realizations of clustering were performed. During each realization, cluster centers were selected from a unique ordered set of time-activity curves within the whole body volume. All the remaining data were classified into the cluster centers based on minimum Eucledian distance measure. Patlak analysis was performed on the cluster average to form the slope and intercept images. Parametric images thus obtained for all realizations were averaged. An XCAT phantom based simulations for the torso were performed using dynamic time-activity curves to model FDG uptake. Five dynamic images each representing 1 min scan time with 7 min intervals were created starting 60 minutes post injection. In addition, 5 whole-body dynamic FDG patient datasets with image-derived blood input function and whole-body dynamic data measurements were also used. All dynamic data were reconstructed using OSEM applying corrections for image-degrading factors. Slope and intercept parametric images were obtained for the voxel-fitting and MCR method. Noise in a liver region of interest increased as a function of the number of clusters for the simulated data. On the other hand, bias decreased with increasing number of clusters. However, as number of clustering realizations increased, noise reduced and K <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">i</sub> estimates stabilized. The parametric images obtained with MCR method showed better image quality compared to voxel-based fitting method for the patient and simulated datasets. Multiple clustering realizations method has the potential to provide improved parametric image quality for short scan whole-body parametric PET imaging.
Urban Infilling Impacts on Solid Waste Facilities (2007)

As urbanization increases, solid waste facility sites once considered remote are now located in areas increasingly ripe for development or re-development. Consequently, we see lands adjacent to solid waste facilities being considered for developments such as residential communities and commercial and industrial projects. The objective of this research is to develop methodology to gather scientific and quantifiable support for set backs and buffer zones as a function of landfill operations. To date, volatile organic compound and noise measurement data have been collected and are being analyzed. Future work includes analysis of dust measurements and a litter study. Bird impacts will be evaluated based on litter study by identifying typical debris attractive to birds.
Crystal structure of the motor domain of centromere‐associated protein E in complex with a non‐hydrolysable ATP analogue (2023)

Centromere-associated protein E (CENP-E) is a kinesin motor protein essential for mitosis and a new target for anticancer agents with less side effects. To rationally design anticancer drug candidates based on structure, it is important to determine the three-dimensional structure of the CENP-E motor domain bound to its inhibitor. Here, we report the first crystal structure of the CENP-E motor domain in complex with a non-hydrolysable ATP analogue, adenylyl-imidodiphosphate (AMPPNP). Furthermore, the structure is compared with the ADP-bound form of the CENP-E motor domain as well as the AMPPNP-bound forms of other kinesins. This study indicates that helix α4 of CENP-E participates in the slow binding of CENP-E to microtubules. These results will contribute to the development of anticancer drugs targeting CENP-E.