gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
On-the-Fly Adaptive Routing in High-Radix Hierarchical Networks (2012)

Dragonfly networks have been recently proposed for the interconnection network of forthcoming exascale supercomputers. Relying on large-radix routers, they build a topology with low diameter and high throughput, divided into multiple groups of routers. While minimal routing is appropriate for uniform traffic patterns, adversarial traffic patterns can saturate inter-group links and degrade the obtained performance. Such traffic patterns occur in typical communication patterns used by many HPC applications, such as neighbor data exchanges in multi-dimensional space decompositions. Non-minimal traffic routing is employed to handle such cases. Adaptive policies have been designed to select between minimal and nonminimal routing to handle variable traffic patterns. However, previous papers have not taken into account the effect of saturation of intra-group (local) links. This paper studies how local link saturation can be common in these networks, and shows that it can largely reduce the performance. The solution to this problem is to use nonminimal paths that avoid those saturated local links. However, this extends the maximum path length, and since all previous routing proposals prevent deadlock by relying on an ascending order of virtual channels, it would imply unaffordable cost and complexity in the network routers. In this paper we introduce a novel routing/flow-control scheme that decouples the routing and the deadlock avoidance mechanisms. Our model does not impose any dependencies between virtual channels, allowing for on-the-fly (in-transit) adaptive routing of packets. To prevent deadlock we employ a deadlock-free escape sub network based on injection restriction. Simulations show that our model obtains lower latency, higher throughput, and faster adaptation to transient traffic, because it dynamically exploits a higher path diversity to avoid saturated links. Notably, our proposal consumes traffic bursts 43% faster than previous ones.
Circadian Rhythms and Metabolic Syndrome (2010)

The incidence of the metabolic syndrome represents a spectrum of disorders that continue to increase across the industrialized world. Both genetic and environmental factors contribute to metabolic syndrome and recent evidence has emerged to suggest that alterations in circadian systems and sleep participate in the pathogenesis of the disease. In this review, we highlight studies at the intersection of clinical medicine and experimental genetics that pinpoint how perturbations of the internal clock system, and sleep, constitute risk factors for disorders including obesity, diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease, thrombosis and even inflammation. An exciting aspect of the field has been the integration of behavioral and physiological approaches, and the emerging insight into both neural and peripheral tissues in disease pathogenesis. Consideration of the cell and molecular links between disorders of circadian rhythms and sleep with metabolic syndrome has begun to open new opportunities for mechanism-based therapeutics.
ChemInform Abstract: Review Article on Vilsmeier—Haack Reaction (2013)

Abstract Review: 192 refs.
Effect of cataract wound incision size on acute changes in corneal topography (1993)

A randomized prospective trial compared keratometric and visual outcomes for 196 patients receiving 3.2 mm, 5.0 mm, or 6.0 mm incisions for cataract removal and intraocular lens implantation. There were no statistically significant differences among the groups preoperatively or at one to two days or three to six months postoperatively in mean keratometric cylinder, no differences postoperatively in surgically induced cylinder, and no differences in best-corrected visual acuity. Significantly more (P < .01) 3.2 mm cases (75%) had uncorrected visual acuity of 20/40 or better at one to two days postoperatively than 5.0 mm (50%) or 6.0 mm cases (47%). Computer-assisted corneal topographic images were available for the last 56 patients enrolled. Patients receiving 3.2 mm incisions had significantly less wound-related flattening than other patients (P < .05) and tended to have fewer surgically induced changes in corneal shape overall. Changes identified by corneal topography were inconsistent with keratometrically assessed cylinder in 14 patients.
P2‐206: CONTRIBUTION OF FOCAL MICROVASCULAR DISRUPTION TO NEUROINFLAMMATION AND TAU PATHOLOGY IN A MOUSE MODEL OF IMPACT CONCUSSION AND CHRONIC TRAUMATIC ENCEPHALOPATHY (2019)

The mechanisms underlying the association between repetitive head impacts and CTE are unknown. Most of our knowledge on CTE comes from studies characterizing the disease in deceased former athletes and military veterans representing chronic effects of repetitive neurotrauma. Little is known about the changes that occur in the acute-subacute posttraumatic period that trigger CTE pathobiology. In the current study we combined human and murine neuropathological analyses, experimental animal modeling, in vivo and ex vivo imaging analyses of blood-brain barrier function, and biomechanical and computational simulations to investigate these questions. The key pathological hallmarks of the young postmortem athlete brains assessed in this study included traumatic microvascular injury with focal blood brain barrier (BBB) disruption, perivascular neuroinflammation, astrocytosis, axonopathy, and phosphorylated tau proteinopathy. Further investigation using a mouse model of lateral closed-head concussive impact injury revealed focal BBB disruption, infiltration of peripheral monocytes, neuroinflammation, axonopathy, and phosphorylated tau pathology within the area of impact. Most notably, findings from in vivo dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging showed diagnostically detectable levels of serum protein extravasation that colocalized with impact pathologies within the impact area, and that could be verified ex vivo by gadolinium metallomic imaging mass spectrometry. No significant correlations were found between impact pathologies and transient neurobehavioral deficits recorded at the time of injury. Using computational modeling, we showed that cranial point loading and intracerebral shear stress were generated by impact injury, and that the onset of gross head motion occurred after the peak of high-amplitude shear stress in the brain. We conclude that traumatic microvascular injury leads to extravasation of plasma proteins that trigger focal neural inflammation and aggravate phosphorylated tau proteinopathy following closed-head impact injury. These findings suggest traumatic microvascular injury as a candidate mechanism linking closed-head impact to acute brain injury and chronic post-traumatic sequelae.
Local Area Networks: The Second Generation (1988)

Introduction LANS as Nodes in Larger Networks Designing a Microcomputer-Based Local Area Network Local Area Network Standards LANS in the Micro-to-Mainframe Link CSMA/CD Systems in Detail Token Ring Systems in Detail Token Bus Systems in Detail Managing Local Area Networks Making it Work.
“One-Two Punch”: Synergistic ß-Lactam Combinations forMycobacterium abscessusand Target Redundancy in the Inhibition of Peptidoglycan Synthesis Enzymes (2021)

Mycobacterium abscessus subsp. abscessus is one of the most difficult pathogens to treat and its incidence in disease is increasing. Dual β-lactam combinations act synergistically in vitro but are not widely employed in practice. A recent study shows that a combination of imipenem and ceftaroline significantly lowers the minimum inhibitory concentration of clinical isolates, despite both drugs targeting the same peptidoglycan synthesis enzymes. The underlying mechanism of this effect provides a basis for further investigations of dual β-lactam combinations in the treatment of M. abscessus subsp. abscessus, eventually leading to a clinical trial. Furthermore, dual β-lactam strategies may be explored for other difficult mycobacterial infections.
An optical flameout detection system for NASA Langley's 8-Foot High Temperature Tunnel (1993)

A brief description is presented of an optical flameout detection system under development at NASA Langley's 8-Foot High Temperature Wind Tunnel. The system design, theory of operation, and performance are addressed. The system can respond quickly to sudden changes in combustor light intensity and is a reliable indicator of flame activity within the combustor. Deviations of the system could provide more detailed information on various aspects of the combustion process.
Ultra-low power system for atrioventricular synchronization using leadless pacemakers (2021)

Leadless cardiac pacemakers (LCP) are the cutting-edge technology of cardiac rhythm management (CRM), reducing complication risks and treatment invasivity. Current leadless cardiac pacemakers can only pace a single location of the heart, limiting their use to a small fraction of the bradycardia patient population. A dual-chamber system of synchronized leadless cardiac pacemakers is required to cover the major part of bradycardia patients. The power consumption relating the synchronization of pacemaker nodes is one of the major technological challenges preventing the rise of dual-chamber leadless cardiac pacemaker systems. Intra-body communication (IBC) is considered a suitable technology for leadless cardiac pacemaker applications, in terms of both power and size optimization. In this work, we suggest a power-optimized method for atrioventricular synchronization (AVS). First, we estimated the channel loss for intra-cardiac intra-body communication signals using quasi-static simulations. This was an essential study to define the specification limits of intra-body communication transceivers for atrioventricular synchronization. We then designed a superregenerative receiver (SRR) in 0.18 μm CMOS technology. The power consumption of the superregenerative receiver circuit was further optimized using a communication strategy for the atrioventricular synchronization application, achieving levels of power consumption as low as 340 nW. This study showed the feasibility of atelemetry-based synchronization of dual-chamber leadless cardiac pacemaker systems while minimizing the impact on the device's longevity.
Evolution of Cellular Systems (2018)

This chapter covers the brief and comprehensive analysis of evolution of cellular systems from 1st generation to 4th generation mobile cellular systems. It also covers the basic introduction of the architecture and security protocols that are used in each generation of mobile cellular systems, along with the brief history of wireless communications.
Mechanism of action and delivery possibilities for TGFβ1 in the treatment of myocardial ischemia (2007)

Myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury is associated with structural alterations involving both the necrotic and the non-necrotic myocardium. These changes are referred to as myocardial remodeling. In addition to the loss of critical cardiomyocyte mass through cell death, there are further structural alterations associated with scarring, as well as changes in a family of endogenous enzymes, the matrix metalloproteases (MMP), which cause loss of myocardial extracellular matrix (ECM) [Janssens S, Lijnen HR. What has been learned about cardiovascular effects of matrix metalloproteinases from mouse models. Cardiovasc Res 2006;69:585-594., Wainwright CL. Matrix metalloproteinases, oxidative stress and the acute response to acute myocardial ischaemia and reperfusion. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2004;4:132-138.]. The chemokine TGFbeta1, which has wide-ranging effects upon cells and tissues, is showing promise as a useful drug/agent for the limitation of IR injury. Coupled with the identification of TGFbeta1 as a therapeutic agent for IR treatment are investigations into its mode of delivery to the patient. Gene therapy utilizing delivery by viral vectors is just one of many possible ways to deliver TGFbeta1 for IR treatment. In this review we discuss the mechanisms of action of TGFbeta1 and how it might be delivered successfully to patients under risk of or who are actively undergoing acute IR injury.
<title>Influence of volume currents to neuromagnetic images</title> (1990)

A method for neuromagnetic imaging of impressed current density in complex volume conductors using current source density calculations is investigated. The method is applied to phantom experiments with one and two curmnt dipoles in two different volume conductor phantoms. The results indicate that strong filtering effects, inherent in the Maxwell equations, pretend volume current effects in the images. The method yields better localization and spatial resolution of single and multiple sources compared with conventional total current density imaging.
Effects of white matter microstructure on phase and susceptibility maps (2015)

Purpose To investigate the effects on quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) and susceptibility tensor imaging (STI) of the frequency variation produced by the microstructure of white matter (WM). Methods The frequency offsets in a WM tissue sample that are not explained by the effect of bulk isotropic or anisotropic magnetic susceptibility, but rather result from the local microstructure, were characterized for the first time. QSM and STI were then applied to simulated frequency maps that were calculated using a digitized whole-brain, WM model formed from anatomical and diffusion tensor imaging data acquired from a volunteer. In this model, the magnitudes of the frequency contributions due to anisotropy and microstructure were derived from the results of the tissue experiments. Results The simulations suggest that the frequency contribution of microstructure is much larger than that due to bulk effects of anisotropic magnetic susceptibility. In QSM, the microstructure contribution introduced artificial WM heterogeneity. For the STI processing, the microstructure contribution caused the susceptibility anisotropy to be significantly overestimated. Conclusion Microstructure-related phase offsets in WM yield artifacts in the calculated susceptibility maps. If susceptibility mapping is to become a robust MRI technique, further research should be carried out to reduce the confounding effects of microstructure-related frequency contributions. Magn Reson Med 73:1258–1269, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Broad energy distribution of NBTI-induced interface states in p-MOSFETs with ultra-thin nitrided oxide (2004)

The energy distribution of interface states during NBTI stress of ultra-thin nitrided-oxide p-FETs is studied using a combination of LV-SILC and DCIV measurements. LV-SILC is sensitive to states near the conduction band edge:, while DCIV is sensitive to states near mid-gap. The results show that die interface states associated with NBTI in nitrided oxides have a very broad energy distribution, Compared to pure SiO/sub 2/, the interface state density in nitrided oxide is higher in the upper half of the Si band gap. In addition, generated bulk neutral traps show a poor agreement with the NBTI-induced threshold voltage shift.
Embodied‐based environment for kindergarten children: Revisiting constructionist ideas (2021)

Abstract Constructionism has different meanings for what the learner is constructing, a concrete object or an idea, and whether this construction is done through the use of digital technology. In the embodied‐based environment created in this study, children carry out or “construct” a series of actions, a performance, which allows them to solve the task of directing an already programmed robot to a particular target. The activity was based on an adaptation of the Little Red Riding Hood narrative. Children played the role of rangers (instead of hunters) who had to coordinate their actions in order to help a robot (an mBot characterized as a Robot‐Wolf) find Grandma’s laboratory, so she could fix its GPS. The children wore boots, which were used to interact with the Robot‐Wolf. The main question we addressed was how to create this embodied‐based environment for kindergarten children, and how to identify the actions children performed and the concepts they used in this construction. The research was based on the Socially‐Aware Design, and the study was conducted in a school setting for kindergarten students. 26 children (11F, 15 M), between 4 and 5 years old, participated in this study. The children’s activities were recorded and analysed using the Grounded Theory methodology. The results show that the children’s performative sequence of actions is distinct from the hands‐on, heads‐in processes that are part of classical constructionist environments. For the children, the process and the product of their (body) “dance” were underlying their movement (perceiving and acting), working together so as to accomplish the given task in the environment. Practitioner notes What is already known about this topic Constructionism has shown as a way for learning via materialization of tangible objects or construction of ideas. There are very few examples of constructionist learning environments for kindergarten children to interact with digital technology. What this paper adds The creation of the constructionist embodied‐based environment for supporting kindergarten children interacting with digital technologies. The constructionist embodied‐based environment created was effective in supporting kindergarten children interacting with an already programmed robot. Children’s performative sequence of actions reveals no separation of the hands‐on, heads‐in processes as in classical constructionist environments. The creation of a constructionist environment in which children can act and collaborate to construct a series of actions which allow them to solve a specific challenge. Implications for practice and/or policy Concepts like leadership and anticipation which were embodied are expressed by the children help to understand how the robot‐based activity can help children to construct knowledge related to, for example, computational thinking.
ChemInform Abstract: THE TERBIUM CHLORIDE‐ALUMINUM CHLORIDE VAPOR SYSTEM. II. FLUORESCENCE (1981)

Abstract Die Fluoreszenzspektren und die ‐abklingkinetik des bei erhöhten Temp. zwischen TbCl 3 und AlCl 3 gebildeten flüchtigen Komplexes (TbC13(AlCl 3 )x(g)) werden zwischen 350 und 700 nm gemessen.
1.5 μm buried heterostructure InGaAsP/InP MQW laser with native-oxidized InAlAs current blocking layer (2002)

We first proposed and realized a 1.5 /spl mu/m buried hetero-structure InGaAsP-InP MQW laser with a native-oxidized InAlAs current block layer (NO-InAlAs-BH). The primary results are Ith=5.6 mA, slope efficiency /spl eta/=0.23 mW/mA and an linear output power surpassing 22.5 mW.
Polymethacrylates with a Covalently Linked CuII–Cyclen Complex for the In Situ Generation of Nitric Oxide from Nitrosothiols in Blood (2006)

In the matrix: A new cross-linked hydrogel polymer, poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (pHEMA), containing appended CuII–cyclen sites (cyclen=1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane) was prepared and shown to generate nitric oxide from endogenous S-nitrosothiol species (RSNO) typically found in circulating whole blood.
A Proposal On Interface Design For Sound Making Application Using Ambient Sound (2013)

This study desired to discover possibility of emotional communication research through the concept and characteristics of ambient sound, based on the technical change, intellectualizing living environments, and rapid transition to mobile environment. It suggests a social network service that allows users to tag both sound contents acquired using mobile devices and LBS information on a map, and to share it with other users. Moreover, it aims at building the sound contents tagged by users on augmented reality (AR), and planning workframe design and interface design in a way to combine making sound game method application with social network services. Development of technologies such as ubiquitous computing and wireless network is making a new media, and growth of this media is changing our knowledge and communication methods. Emotional communication as a way to adapt to the rapid development of technologies are expected to fulfill the emotional needs of human by letting technology to blend into the surroundings. This application has significance in actualizing emotional communication through ambient sound as it bolsters interactions between individuals or interactions between individual and surroundings by mapping people’s desire to share emotions into the real world based on AR, not into virtual environment.
The Legislative and Litigation History of Special Education (1996)

Between the mid 1960s and 1975, state legislatures, the federal courts, and the U.S. Congress spelled out strong educational rights for children with disabilities. Forty-five state legislatures passed laws mandating, encouraging, and/or funding special education programs. Federal courts, interpreting the equal protection and due process guarantees of the Fourteenth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution, ruled that schools could not discriminate on the basis of disability and that parents had due process rights related to their children's schooling. Congress, in legislation now retitled the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA), laid out detailed procedural protections regarding eligibility for special educational services, parental rights, individualized education programs (IEPs), the requirement that children be served in the least restrictive environment, and the need to provide related (noneducational) services. Decisions on instructional matters such as curricula and the elements of the IEP remain the province of local and state authorities. Advocates for students with disabilities have continually sought separate (categorical) funding for special education services. Current movements toward block grants rather than categorical programs and toward greater inclusion of special education students in general education classrooms raise concerns in some quarters about whether students with disabilities will continue to have full access to the special services they need. While the cost of special services may be an unexpressed criterion in many decisions made by school districts, nowhere does the IDEA explicitly allow cost to be considered. Where a service is necessary for an individual child, cost considerations would not allow a school district to escape its obligations to the child. However, in instances where more than one appropriate configuration of services is available to meet a child's needs, the school district may be allowed to consider the cost of different alternatives.
Transition Metal Chalcogenide Tin Sulfide Nanodimensional Films Align Liquid Crystals (2018)

Transition metal chalcogenide tin sulfide (SnS) films as alternative noncontact alignment layer for liquid crystals, have been demonstrated and investigated. The SnS has an anisotropic atomic chain structure similar to black Phosphorous which causes the liquid crystal molecules to align without the need for any additional surface treatments. The high anisotropic nature of SnS promotes the alignment of the easy axis of liquid crystal molecules along the periodic atomic grooves of the SnS layer. The atomically thin SnS layers were deposited on indium tin oxide films on glass substrates, at room temperature by chemical vapor deposition. The device characteristics are comparable to those commercially available, which use photo-aligning polymer materials. We measured threshold voltage of 0.92V, anchoring energy of 1.573x10^(-6) J/m^2, contrast ratio better than 71:1 and electro-optical rise/fall times of 80/390ms, respectively for ~11 micron thick liquid crystal device as expected.
A case of chronic inguinal pain after mesh hernioplasty treated successfully by ilioinguinal neurectomy (2012)

症例は65歳，男性．左鼠径ヘルニアに対して他院でMesh plug法によるヘルニア修復術が施行されたが術後より腸骨鼠径神経領域の神経因性疼痛が出現した．保存的治療を行ったが6カ月経過しても疼痛は改善せず，当院を受診した．ヘルニア再発も認めヘルニア修復術と併せて神経因性疼痛に対する腸骨鼠径神経摘出術を施行した．術前に認められた神経因性疼痛は術後速やかに消失し患者のQOLは著しく改善した．近年，鼠径ヘルニアに対するメッシュ手術の普及に伴いメッシュ周囲の炎症・瘢痕化による神経のentrapmentによる神経因性疼痛が問題となりしばしば患者のQOL低下の原因となることがわかってきた．保存的治療で軽快しない場合に神経摘出など外科治療が奏効することがある．今回われわれは前方到達法によるヘルニア術後の神経因性疼痛に対して腸骨鼠径神経摘出術を施行し良好な経過を得たので報告する．