gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Bahiagrass Tiller Dynamics in Response to Defoliation Management (2010)

ABSTRACT New bahiagrass ( Paspalum notatum Flügge) genotype PCA Cycle 4 is more productive than existing bahiagrass cultivars during the cool season, but it may not persist as well when defoliated frequently or to short stubble. Characterizing tiller dynamics forms a basis for understanding mechanisms of grass yield and persistence responses to defoliation. A 2‐yr field experiment studied the effects of two stubble heights (4 and 8 cm) and two harvest frequencies (7 and 21 d) on tiller dynamics of diploid (PCA Cycle 4, ‘Pensacola’, and ‘Tifton 9’) and tetraploid (‘Argentine’ and Tifton 7) bahiagrass. Tiller number of highly persistent Argentine and Pensacola was unaffected by defoliation treatment and generally greatest among cultivars. Tiller number of Tifton 9 and PCA Cycle 4 varied by up to 970 and 730 tillers m −2 , respectively, among defoliation treatments and was greatest with frequent harvests at short stubble. PCA Cycle 4 tiller mass was relatively low. Net tiller appearance rate was positive in spring and early summer, and was nearly zero or negative throughout the remainder of the growing season. This study showed that Tifton 9 and PCA Cycle 4 responded to frequent, close defoliation by increasing tiller number, but tiller mass was the least or not different from the least among entries tested. Very small tillers may indicate a weakening stand under frequent, close defoliation, and management practices such as rotational stocking may be necessary for PCA Cycle 4 to persist.
Development of Soil Moisture Profiles Through Coupled Microwave-Thermal Infrared Observations in the Southeastern United States (2017)

Abstract. The principle of maximum entropy (POME) can be used to develop vertical soil moisture profiles. The minimal inputs required by the POME model make it an excellent choice for remote sensing applications. Two of the major input requirements of the POME model are the surface boundary condition and profile-mean moisture content. Microwave-based soil moisture estimates from Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer (AMSR-E) can supply the surface boundary condition whereas thermal infrared-based moisture estimated from the Atmosphere Land Exchange Inverse (AELXI) surface energy balance model can provide the mean moisture condition. A disaggregation approach was followed to downscale coarse resolution (~ 25 km) microwave soil moisture estimates to match the finer resolution (~ 5 km) thermal data. The study was conducted over multiple years (2006–2010) in the southeastern United States. Disaggregated soil moisture estimates along with the developed profiles were compared with the Noah land surface model (Noah LSM) within the framework of NASA Land Information System (LIS), as well as in-situ measurements from 10 Natural Resource Conservation Services (NRCS) Soil Climate Analysis Network (SCAN) sites spatially distributed within the study region. The overall disaggregation results at the SCAN sites indicated that in most cases disaggregation improved the temporal correlations with unbiased root mean square errors in the range of 0.01–0.09 in volumetric soil moisture. The profile results at SCAN sites showed a mean bias of 0.03 and 0.05; unbiased RMSE of 0.05 and 0.06; and correlation coefficient of 0.44 and 0.48 against SCAN observations and Noah LSM, respectively.
In exciting times (2010)

Professor Paul Coldwell looks at how printmaking is diversifying and how today's artists are affected by the work of their predecessors
Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of immunoglobulin G antibody against Helicobacter pylori. (1991)

Eight strains of sonicated Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) were pooled as group antigen to detect the serum IgG antibody to H. pylori in patients with various gastroduodenal diseases and subjects at health check-up. The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method used had a sensitivity of 94%, a specificity of 87%, and a positive predictive value of 96%. The prevalence of serum IgG antibody to H. pylori was 19.0% in patients with Type A gastritis, 76.0% in patients with Type B gastritis, 91.5% in duodenal ulcer, and 92.9% in gastric ulcer. Moreover, the prevalence of serum IgG antibody to H. Pylori in newborns was 53% (probably acquired from mother), in children below 10 years old was 25%. The detection rate gradually rose to 70% with the increase of age, but decreased to 40% in those over 70 years of age.
DNA microarray analysis of T cell‐type lymphoproliferative disease of granular lymphocytes (2002)

Lymphoproliferative disease of granular lymphocytes (LDGL) is characterized by the clonal proliferation of large granular lymphocytes of either T- or natural killer cell origin. To better understand the nature of T cell-type LDGL, we purified the CD4-CD8+ proliferative fractions from LDGL patients (n=4) and the surface marker-matched T cells isolated from healthy volunteers (n=4), and compared the expression profiles of 3456 genes using DNA microarray. Through this analysis, we identified a total of six genes whose expression was active in the LDGL T cells, but silent in the normal ones. Interestingly, expression of the gene for interleukin (IL) 1beta was specific to LDGL T cells, which was further confirmed by the examination of the serum level of IL-1beta protein. Given its important role in inflammatory reactions, the disease-specific expression of IL-1beta may have a causative relationship with the LDGL-associated rheumatoid arthritis. Spectratyping analysis of the T-cell receptor repertoire also proved the monoclonal or oligoclonal nature of LDGL cells. These data have shown that microarray analysis with a purified T-cell subset is an efficient approach to investigate the pathological condition of Tcell-type LDGL.
The development of Web-based clinical information systems (2003)

The requirements for clinical information systems are converging onto a universally accepted model. The key question is how can such systems be realised in practice. The presentation addresses this key question in a number of ways. The key components of a generic model for clinical information systems are described. How each of the various standards which have been developed, or are in the process of being developed, fit the generic model is discussed. The key difference today is that open architecture hardware is sufficiently powerful that, when coupled to broadband telecommunication systems and Web-based technology, the generic model for clinical information systems is fully realisable.
Determination of exchange and rotational anisotropies in IrMn∕Fe(t)∕IrMn exchange coupled structures using dynamic and static techniques: Application to microwave devices (2008)

We determined the exchange anisotropy and rotational anisotropy of IrMn(7 nm)/Fe(t=3–20 nm)/IrMn(7 nm) exchange-biased structures using conventional ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) and network analyzer FMR (NA-FMR). Compared to single Fe layer films of identical thickness, we observe an isotropic downward shift and an angular variation of the FMR resonance field in the multilayer structures. The isotropic shift originates from the rotational anisotropy, while the angular variation originates from the exchange anisotropy. Both exchange anisotropy and rotational anisotropy increase with decreasing Fe thickness in the exchange-biased structures. The isotropic downward shift of the resonance field translates to an upward shift of the resonance frequency, and can be used to boost the operational frequency of microwave devices (bandpass/stop filters) by several gigahertz.
Cooking Microwave Filters: Is Synthesis Still Helpful in Microwave Filter Design? (2020)

In "Recipe for Cooking Microwave Filters," we show the classic recipe for "cooking" with narrow-or moderate-bandwidth microwave filters.While the result of this recipe is generally effective [1] (the "cake" is only rarely not edible), the tendency of some "cooks" (often young microwave engineers) is to jump to the last two steps as quickly as possible. In fact, they consider the first two steps to be less important and definitely not necessary to obtain a filtering structure that satisfies the requirements. This approach is partially justified by the increasingly shorter times to market that the final product-the filter-requires in a business such as global telecommunications, where competition has become a fight to the death.
Possible factors affecting the development of oocytes in in-vitro maturation (2000)

To date, pregnancy rates from oocytes matured in-vitro (IVM) have been much lower than those with in-vivo stimulated maturation. In order to improve the developmental potential of IVM oocytes, we studied the effect of three possible factors on pregnancy rates: (i) priming in vivo with FSH before aspiration; (ii) the time interval of maturation in vitro, and (iii) timing the aspiration by monitoring the serum concentrations of oestradiol and inhibin A. In all experiments, oocyte retrieval was performed transvaginally and oocytes were matured individually in culture medium (TCM 199) under oil. Intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) was carried out on all metaphase II oocytes. Suitable embryos (maximum of two) were replaced after culturing for 2-3 days in IVF medium. Endometrial priming consisted of 2 mg 17beta-oestradiol, taken orally three times a day from the day of oocyte retrieval, and intravaginal progesterone suppositories initiated 2 days later. In the first experiment, 20 women were randomly allocated to two groups: group I (n = 10 cycles) received no stimulation, while group II (n = 10 cycles) received recombinant FSH 150 IU/day for 3 days, initiated on day 3. FSH priming did not affect the rates of maturation, fertilization or cleavage, and no effect was seen on embryo development. The second experiment included 48 patients undergoing 55 unstimulated cycles. The effects of IVM periods of 28 and 36 h were compared. Shortening the IVM period did not compromise subsequent embryo development. The third study analysed the results of maturation of oocytes obtained in 87 cycles in 75 unstimulated normal women, after a leading follicle of 10 mm in diameter and an endometrial thickness of at least 5 mm were observed. A pregnancy rate of 12.6% (11/87) per aspiration and 17.4% (11/63) per transfer was obtained. Serum concentrations of oestradiol and inhibin A were evaluated retrospectively. Significantly more pregnancies were obtained in cycles with a detected increase in the concentration of oestradiol from day 3 to the day of aspiration (19% per aspiration) compared with cycles without such an increase (0% per aspiration). A higher pregnancy rate was observed after an increase in inhibin A concentration (24 versus 0%). In conclusion, monitoring the timing of aspiration may potentially improve the developmental potential of immature oocytes. FSH priming did not affect either cleavage rate or embryo development. Shortening the maturation period from 36 to 28 h did not compromise subsequent embryonic development.
Prevalence of right-to-left shunts on transcranial Doppler in chronic migraine and medication-overuse headache (2013)

RLS prevalence in CM is within the upper range of those reported in episodic migraine without aura or in the general population, and not higher in MOH. PFO is thus unlikely to have a significant causal role in these chronic headaches.
One-step approach to synthesize hollow mesoporous silica spheres co-templated by an amphiphilic block copolymer and cationic surfactant (2013)

Hollow mesoporous silica spheres (HMSSs) with an average diameter of 180 nm and magnetic-functionalized HMSSs have been successfully fabricated via a one-step facile route using the amphiphilic block copolymer polystyrene-block-poly (acrylic acid) (PS215-b-PAA12) and the cationic surfactant cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) as co-templates.
Dual-Band Dual-Mode Substrate Integrated Waveguide Filters with Independently Reconfigurable TE101 Resonant Mode (2016)

A novel perturbation approach using additional metalized via-holes for implementation of the dual-band or wide-band dual-mode substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) filters is proposed in this paper. The independent perturbation on the first resonant mode TE101 can be constructed by applying the proposed perturbation approach, whereas the second resonant mode TE102 is not affected. Thus, new kinds of dual-band or wide-band dual-mode SIW filters with a fixed or an independently reconfigurable low-frequency band have been directly achieved. In order to experimentally verify the proposed design method, four two-cavity dual-band SIW filters, which have different numbers of perturbation via-holes in each cavity, and a two-cavity dual-band SIW filter, which includes four via-holes and eight reconfigurable states in each cavity, are designed and experimentally assessed. The measured results indicate that the available frequency-ratio range from 1 to 1.3 can be realized by using four two-cavity dual-band SIW filters. The center frequency of the first band can be tuned from 4.61 GHz to 5.24 GHz, whereas the center frequency of the second one is fixed at around 6.18 GHz for the two-cavity dual-band SIW filter with four reconfigurable states via-holes. All the simulated and measured results show an acceptable agreement with the predicted data.
Real-time Monitoring of Dynamic Traffic States by State-Space Model (2017)

We propose real-time traffic state estimation using a state-space model that takes account of variability in the fundamental diagram (FD) and sensing data. In free flow situations, for instance, the FD regulating driving behavior may vary among drivers who possess differing characters. In addition, FD is affected by external factors such as interactions with pedestrians and vehicles. Variational theory (VT) was used as the system model, and measurement data were taken from probe vehicles and traffic detectors. VT is a static model, making real time estimation of traffic state changes difficult. We applied VT to a state-space model. Our proposal showed better agreement between simulated and benchmark traffic states than deterministic VT. For model validation, we applied the model to Komazawa Street in Tokyo, Japan.
Phytohabitans flavus sp. nov., Phytohabitans rumicis sp. nov. and Phytohabitans houttuyneae sp. nov., isolated from plant roots, and emended description of the genus Phytohabitans (2012)

An actinomycete strain, designated K09-0627(T), was isolated from the roots of an orchid collected in Okinawa Prefecture, Japan. Two actinomycete strains K11-0047(T) and K11-0057(T) were isolated from the roots of Rumex acetosa and Houttuynia cordata collected in Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan. 16S rRNA gene sequence analyses indicated that the isolates belonged to the genus Phytohabitans, and that they were closely related to each other and to Phytohabitans suffuscus K07-0523(T). The DNA-DNA relatedness values between the three isolates and Phytohabitans suffuscus were below 70%. On the basis of phylogenetic analysis, DNA-DNA relatedness values and phenotypic characteristics, the strains should be classified as novel species in the genus Phytohabitans, for which the names Phytohabitans flavus sp. nov. (type strain, K09-0627(T)=JCM 17387(T)=NBRC 107702(T)=DSM 45551(T)), Phytohabitans rumicis sp. nov. (type strain, K11-0047(T)=JCM 17829(T)=NBRC 108638(T)=BCC 48146(T)) and Phytohabitans houttuyneae sp. nov. (type strain, K11-0057(T)=JCM 17830(T)=NBRC 108639(T)=BCC 48147(T)) are proposed.
Risk of HIV transmission during combined ART initiation for HIV-infected persons with severe immunosuppression (2017)

Risk of onward transmission for severely immunosuppressed individuals is high before and within the first weeks of cART, and persists, at a substantially reduced level, beyond 24 weeks of cART for some individuals. Earlier cART and protecting HIV-negative partners until full viral suppression is achieved could reduce HIV transmission.
Production and characterization of a monoclonal antibody specific for the human lymphocyte low affinity receptor for IgE: CD 23 is a low affinity receptor for IgE. (1987)

In the present study a gamma 1 kappa monoclonal antibody, Mab 25, specific for the receptor for the Fc fragment of IgE on lymphocytes (Fc epsilon RL) was established. This antibody was generated after fusion of spleen cells from mice immunized with the EBV-transformed lymphoblastoid cell line RPMI 8866, which is known to express Fc epsilon RL at high density. Mab 25 inhibits strongly the binding of IgE to RPMI 8866 cells and to other Fc epsilon RL-positive EBV-transformed lymphoblastoid cell lines. A 50% inhibition of IgE binding was observed at a Mab 25 concentration of 10 ng/ml. The binding of IgE was also inhibited by Fab fragments of Mab 25, suggesting that the inhibition is not simply due to steric hindrance or to an eventual binding through its Fc portion. Mab 25 only binds to cell lines expressing Fc epsilon RL. Mab 25 immunoprecipitated a single polypeptide with an apparent m.w. of 42 Kd, pI 4.9. The membrane molecule bound to and eluted from a Mab 25 immunoabsorbent had the same apparent m.w. and pI as the Fc epsilon RL purified from an IgE immunoabsorbent. Additionally, when RPMI 8866 cell lysates were cleared with Mab 25, no Fc epsilon RL could be bound to or eluted from an IgE immunoabsorbent. Mab 25 was found to weakly bind to a minor proportion of blood (1 to 4%), tonsil (2 to 9%) and spleen (4 to 5%) mononuclear cells with a low intensity. By double fluorescence analysis, most of the Fc epsilon RL-positive cells were found to be CD 20-positive B lymphocytes. The staining pattern of Mab 25 and the biochemical characteristics of the antigen detected by Mab 25 were comparable to those of the CD 23 Mab. The four CD 23 Mab MHM 6, PL 13, HD 50, and Tü 1 were found to inhibit the binding of IgE. PL 13 was found to totally inhibit the binding of Mab 25 to RPMI 8866 cells, whereas Tü 1 and MHM 6 only partially inhibited Mab 25 binding. HD 50 was unable to block the binding of Mab 25. The finding that different CD 23/Fc epsilon RL-specific monoclonal antibodies recognizing distinct epitopes have in common the capacity of inhibiting the binding of IgE suggests that upon binding they induce a conformational alteration of the Fc epsilon RL resulting in a loss of the IgE binding capacity. In conclusion, our data demonstrate that the CD 23 antigen is a low affinity receptor for IgE on lymphocytes.
Tracking of random references: random sensitivity function and tracking quality indicators (2004)

In this Technical Note, the problem of random reference tracking by linear feedback systems is addressed. The approach is based on the so-called random sensitivity function, which plays the same role as the usual sensitivity function in step reference tracking. Using the random sensitivity function, quality indicators for random reference tracking are introduced, and their utilization for analysis and design of servomechanisms is illustrated.
Fluidic Control of a Turret Wake, Part I: Aerodynamic Effects (2009)

The effects of direct small-scale actuation on the aerodynamic and aero-optical characteristics of the flow over a round 0.254 m diameter conformal optical window built into the hemispherical cap of a cylinder turret model (D = 0.61 m) are investigated at M = 0.3 and ReD = 4.46·10 6 (with additional measurements at M = 0.4 and 0.5). Flow control is effected by arrays of piezoelectrically-driven synthetic jet modules. The cumulative effect of the actuation is manifested by concomitant delay of flow separation and active, dissipative suppression of turbulent motions downstream of separation. The effects of actuation on aero-optical distortions are assessed from the flow dynamics using surface oil visualization, static pressure distributions and hot-film measurements within the separated flow domain. In addition, the suppression of optical distortions across the separated flow is estimated from Malley probe measurements over a range of elevation angles. These measurements show that for a fixed actuation level the suppression of spectral components of the optical distortion within the Malley probes’s resolvable frequency band 0.5 < f < 25 kHz at M = 0.3 is about 30%.
Distinguishing Renal Cell Carcinoma From Normal Kidney Tissue Using Mass Spectrometry Imaging Combined With Machine Learning (2023)

Together, these results indicate that signatures derived from DESI-MSI combined with machine learning may be used to rapidly determine surgical margin status with accuracies that meet or exceed those reported for IFS.
Preparation and characterization of diorgano- and dihalogeno-bis(monothio-β-diketonato)tin(IV) complexes. Crystal and molecular structures of SnY2(btbm)2and SnY2(tacac)2(Y = Me or Cl) (1988)

Diorgano- and dihalogeno-bis(monothio-β-diketonato)tin(IV) complexes have been prepared and their structures partially deduced by i.r. and n.m.r. data. In order to ascertain structural conclusions, X-ray crystal structure analyses were performed on the complexes SnMe2(btbm)2[Hbtbm = benzoyl(thiobenzoyl)methane] and SnMe2(tacac)2(Htacac = monothioacetylacetone), as well as their dichlorotin(IV) analogues, SnCl2(btbm)2 and SnCl2(tacac)2. The tin atoms in SnMe2(btbm)2 and SnMe2(tacac)2 show a strongly distorted octahedral environment with pairs of the same donor atoms (O, S) in the cis position. The two methyl groups deviate strongly from the trans position, C–Sn–C bond angles being 134.2 and 139.4° respectively. Comparatively long Sn–O bond distances reveal the anisobidentate nature of the ligand. In contrast, the dichloro complexes SnCl2(btbm)2 and SnCl2(tacac)2 exhibit octahedral geometries, the Cl–Sn–Cl bond angles being only 95.3 and 98.5° respectively, with the chlorine atoms in cis positions and the sulphur atoms in trans positions. The oxygen atoms show normal Sn–O bond lengths.
Incremental clustering for profile maintenance in information gathering web agents (2001)

User profiles are the central component of most personalized Web information agents. They consist of a set of models representing the various topics of interest to the user. Often the agent learns the user's preferences from examples of documents deemed relevant to the user. The topic of the document can either be supplied by the user (active modeling), or it must be guessed by the agent (passive modeling), which is more convenient but is expected to diminish the agent's accuracy. We present an empirical study assessing the trade-offs in passive versus active document classification. We compare a manual profile maintenance technique in which the user supplies the document topic, and two incremental clustering methods (greedy and the doubling algorithm) for automated maintenance of the user profile components. The study is performed using our SurfAgent, a testbed information gathering Web agent. Our evaluation methodology exploits the strong parallel between Web information agents and text filtering; we use text filtering benchmarks from the information retrieval community (TREC disk \#5) to simulate user behavior and thus speed up data collection, exert additional experimental control and improve the objectivity of our results.