gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
UNIX Operating System: The Development Tutorial via UNIX Kernel Services (2011)

Operating System: The Development Tutorial via UNIX Kernel Services introduces the hierarchical structure, principles, applications, kernel, shells, development, and management of the UNIX operation systems multi-dimensionally and systematically. It clarifies the natural bond between physical UNIX implementation and general operating system and software engineering theories, and presents self-explanatory illustrations for readers to visualize and understand the obscure relationships and intangible processes in UNIX operating system. This book is intended for engineers and researchers in the field of applicable computing and engineering modeling. Yukun Liu is an Associate Professor at the Department of Computer Science and Technology, Hebei University of Science and Technology, China; Professor Yong Yue is Director of the Institute for Research of Applicable Computing and Head of the Department of Computer Science and Technology, University of Bedfordshire, UK; Professor Liwei Guo is Dean of the College of Information Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, China.
Throughput Scaling in Random Wireless Networks: A Non-Hierarchical Multipath Routing Strategy (2007)

Franceschetti et al. have recently shown that per-node throughput in an extended, ad hoc wireless network with $Θ(n)$ randomly distributed nodes and multihop routing can be increased from the $Ω({1 \over \sqrt{n} \log n})$ scaling demonstrated in the seminal paper of Gupta and Kumar to $Ω({1 \over \sqrt{n}})$. The goal of the present paper is to understand the dependence of this interesting result on the principal new features it introduced relative to Gupta-Kumar: (1) a capacity-based formula for link transmission bit-rates in terms of received signal-to-interference-and-noise ratio (SINR); (2) hierarchical routing from sources to destinations through a system of communal highways; and (3) cell-based routes constructed by percolation. The conclusion of the present paper is that the improved throughput scaling is principally due to the percolation-based routing, which enables shorter hops and, consequently, less interference. This is established by showing that throughput $Ω({1 \over \sqrt{n}})$ can be attained by a system that does not employ highways, but instead uses percolation to establish, for each source-destination pair, a set of $Θ(\log n)$ routes within a narrow routing corridor running from source to destination. As a result, highways are not essential. In addition, it is shown that throughput $Ω({1 \over \sqrt{n}})$ can be attained with the original threshold transmission bit-rate model, provided that node transmission powers are permitted to grow with $n$. Thus, the benefit of the capacity bit-rate model is simply to permit the power to remain bounded, even as the network expands.
Activity of Δ 8 - and Δ 9 -Tetrahydrocannabinol and Related Compounds in the Mouse (1971)

The 11-hydroxy metabolites of Delta(8).- and Delta(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol are more active than the parent compounds when administered to mice by either the intravenous or intracerebral route. Both Delta(8)- and Delta(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol are rapidly and extensively metabolized by the liver and not by the brain. The hypothesis that the 11-hydroxy metabolites may be the active form of tetrahydrocannabinol is discussed
Superior Rectus Muscle Recession for Residual Head Tilt after Inferior Oblique Muscle Weakening in Superior Oblique Palsy (2012)

Unilateral SR muscle recession is an effective method to correct residual head tilt after IO muscle weakening in patients with SOP. This surgical procedure is believed to decrease head tilt by reducing the vertical deviation and thereby the compensatory head tilt.
Structure of a metallic solution of lithium in ammonia (2000)

Neutron diffraction has been used in conjunction with isotopic substitution to measure the structure of a saturated metallic solution of lithium in ammonia $(21 \mathrm{mole}% \mathrm{metal}).$ This concentration of solution is of particular interest due to its high electrical conductivity, low density, and position above a deep pseudoeutectic. We find that the solution is highly structured over both short and intermediate length scales. The local coordination around each ${\mathrm{Li}}^{+}$ cation consists of a well defined solvation shell containing an average of 3.5 ammonia molecules. These molecules direct their dipole moments away from the cation, and are undistorted relative to the pure solvent. The delocalized electrons are therefore fully dissociated from the cations. A strong first diffraction peak at $0.97 {\mathrm{\AA{}}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ is seen in both ${\mathrm{Li}}^{+}\ensuremath{-}$ and $\mathrm{N}\ensuremath{-}\mathrm{centered}$ correlations, and provides evidence of intermediate-range order in the solution.
Cell Surface Analysis Techniques: What Do Cell Preparation Protocols Do to Cell Surface Properties? (1999)

Cell surface analysis often requires manipulation of cells prior to examination. The most commonly employed procedures are centrifugation at different speeds, changes of media during washing or final resuspension, desiccation (either air drying for contact angle measurements or freeze-drying for sensitive spectroscopic analysis, such as X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy), and contact with hydrocarbon (hydrophobicity assays). The effects of these procedures on electrophoretic mobility, adhesion to solid substrata, affinity to a number of Sepharose columns, structural integrity, and cell viability were systematically investigated for a range of model organisms, including carbon- and nitrogen-limited Psychrobacter sp. strain SW8 (glycocalyx-bearing cells), Escherichia coli (gram-negative cells without a glycocalyx), and Staphylococcus epidermidis (gram-positive cells without a glycocalyx). All of the cell manipulation procedures severely modified the physicochemical properties of cells, but with each procedure some organisms were more susceptible than others. Considerable disruption of cell surfaces occurred when organisms were placed in contact with a hydrocarbon (hexadecane). The majority of cells became nonculturable after air drying and freeze-drying. Centrifugation at a high speed (15,000 x g) modified many cell surface parameters significantly, although cell viability was considerably affected only in E. coli. The type of washing or resuspension medium had a strong influence on the values of cell surface parameters, particularly when high-salt solutions were compared with low-salt buffers. The values for parameters obtained with different methods that allegedly measure similar cell surface properties did not correlate for most cells. These results demonstrate that the methods used to prepare cells for cell surface analysis need to be critically investigated for each microorganism so that the final results obtained reflect the nature of the in situ microbial cell surface as closely as possible. There is an urgent need for new, reliable, nondestructive, minimally manipulative cell surface analysis techniques that can be used in situ.
On scheduling with outdated channel state information in ITLinQ for D2D networks (2015)

Information-theoretic link scheduling (ITLinQ) is a spectrum sharing mechanism to find proper subset of links in ad-hoc network by an information-theoretic method. We consider the presence of fast fading such as Rayleigh or Rician in ITLinQ system, and investigate the impact of the limited channel state information (CSI) to the links in time-varying channel. We adopt scheduling backoff to prevent the outage caused by imperfect CSI and optimize the backoff value which maximizes the achievable sum-rate in an empirical manner.
Assessing Customer Perceptions of Web Site Service Quality in Digital Marketing Environments (2004)

E-commerce literature has rarely addressed the measurement of customer perceptions of web site service quality in digital marketing environments. It is argued that the current SERVQUAL and IS-SERVQUAL instruments need to be refined and validated to fit the digital marketing environment, as they are targeted primarily towards either traditional retailing or information systems contexts. This article validates and refines a comprehensive model and instrument for measuring customer perceived service quality of web sites that market digital products and services. After a discussion of the conceptualization and operationalization of the service quality construct, the procedure used in modifying items, collecting data, and validating a multiple-item scale is described. Subsequently, evidence of reliability and validity on the basis of analyzing data from a quota sample of 260 adult respondents is presented. Implications for practice and research are then explored. Finally, this chapter concludes by discussing limitations that could be addressed in future studies. The final EC-SERVQUAL instrument with good reliability and validity will be essential to the development and testing of e-business theories, and provide researchers with a common framework for explaining, justifying, and comparing difference across results.
Conformational changes in the foot protein of the sarcoplasmic reticulum assessed by site-directed fluorescent labeling (1992)

Ca2+ release from sarcoplasmic reticulum during excitation--contraction coupling is likely to be mediated by conformational changes in the foot protein moiety of the triadic vesicles. As a preparative step toward the studies of dynamic conformational changes in the foot protein moiety, we have developed a new method that permits specific labeling of the foot protein moiety of the isolated membranes with a fluorophore. A novel fluorescent cleavable photoaffinity cross-linking reagent, sulfosuccinimidyl 3-((2-(7-azido-4-methylcoumarin-3-acetamido)ethyl)dithio)propionate (SAED), was conjugated with site-directing carriers, polylysine (Ca(2+)-release inducer) and neomycin (Ca(2+)-release blocker). The conjugates were allowed to bind to polylysine- and neomycin-binding sites of the heavy fraction of SR (HSR). After photolysis, the cross-linked reagent was cleaved by reduction and the fluorescently labeled HSR was separated from the carriers by centrifugation. These procedures led to specific incorporation of the methylcoumarin acetate (MCA) into the foot protein. Polylysine and neomycin bound to different sites of the foot protein, since neomycin, at release-blocking concentrations, did not interfere with polylysine binding. The fluorescence intensity of the foot protein labeled with the carrier, neomycin, showed biphasic changes as a function of ryanodine concentration (increasing up to 1 microM ryanodine and decreasing above it), while with the carrier polylysine, ryanodine induced no change in fluorescence intensity. In contrast, the fluorescence intensity of the foot protein labeled with each of the two carriers, neomycin and polylysine, showed almost identical calcium dependence (first increasing from 0.1 microM to about 3.0 microM calcium concentration, and then decreasing at higher calcium concentrations).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Endoscopic microvascular surgery: will it revolutionise the traditional microvascular surgery? (2004)

Microvascular surgery has revolutionized the modern plastic surgery. It enables digit replantation. It has markedly increased the versality of pedicle flap by turning them into free flaps. The reliability of free flap in various conditions has approached 95%. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy was first performed in 1988. Though the lack of 3‐D and tactile sensation were the major obstacles in laparoscopic surgery, it has become a standard approach for a number of operations such as cholecystectomy, hernia repair, single stitch repair of perforated peptic ulcer. This paper is to study the feasibility, efficacy and difficulty encountered with endoscopic assisted microvascular surgery. Two plastic higher surgical trainees with some traditional microanastomosis experience and two plastic surgery specialists who are independently operating on microanastomosis were recruited. Each candidate performs end to end anastomosis of the aorta of 10 SD male rats (weighting 350–400 g) under microscope and 10 rats under endoscope. The rate of patent anastomosis (1 h after anastomosis), time taken for each anastomosis and difficulties were recorded. The feasibility and difficulty in the use of endoscope in performing microvascular anastomosis was evaluated. With devised instruments, microvascular anastomosis can be performed within a true intracorporal optical space.
Pharmacokinetics of insulin-like growth factor I in hypopituitarism: correlation with binding proteins (1999)

We investigated the pharmacokinetics of recombinant human insulin-like growth factor I (rhIGF-I) in growth hormone deficiency (GHD). Nine GHD adults [age 25 +/- 3 (SE) yr] received rhIGF-I (60 microgram/kg sc) twice, 10 h apart, and blood was sampled over 24 h. IGF-I and free IGF-I concentrations increased, whereas IGF binding protein 3 (IGFBP-3) and acid labile subunit (ALS) were unchanged during treatment. There was no correlation between absorption or terminal half-life of IGF-I and IGFBP-3 or ALS, but negative correlations with IGF-I clearance (CL/F) and volume of distribution (V/F). Positive correlations between both IGFBP-3 and ALS and IGF-I maximal concentration (C(max)) and time of C(max) (T(max)) were observed. Compared with normal individuals studied similarly (using 80 microgram/kg), GHD subjects showed a normal absorption half-life, a faster elimination half-life, lower C(max), yet normal T(max) and V/F. In conclusion, GHD is associated with normal absorption and distribution of IGF-I yet faster elimination kinetics. Additionally, IGFBP-3 and ALS concentrations modulate the peak concentrations of IGF-I achieved and correlate reciprocally with its V/F and CL/F, underscoring the critical importance of binding proteins in modulating the bioavailability of IGF-I in vivo in humans.
Artificial Muscles Based on Polypyrrole/Carbon Nanotube Laminates (2011)

A novel method for the periodical assembly of laminates of forest-drawn carbon nanotube (CNT) sheets and polypyrrole (PPy) is described. The method produces composite films in which the volume fraction and orientation of CNTs can be controlled. Actuator stroke and strength is increased and work capacity per cycle doubled when nanotube orientation is perpendicular to the actuation direction. Most importantly, these PPy/CNT laminates have dramatically decreased creep during actuation, which has been a major barrier for the application of PPy actuators.
A space-constrained resource-constrained scheduling system for multi-story buildings (1992)

Current planning and scheduling techniques ignore the requirements of activities for work area or space. Any task or activity requires a specific work space for its execution. This demand is based on the space requirements of each resource allocated to the activity. When such required demand becomes unavailable, the activity or task can not be executed or, in some cases, is performed with a lower productivity rate. This is because performance and maneuvering of either crew or equipment may become difficult and sometimes not possible. This research provides a structured methodology to deal with the problem of limited work space availability. The research’s domain focuses on multi-story building construction with particular focus on the repetitive portion of the facility (i.e. typical floors). The research studies the issues of work space as a new decision factor for schedule generation in this type of construction. A scheduling model is developed to define and incorporate work space availability in the scheduling process. The model includes a method to quantify work space parameters (space demand and space availability) for any activity. The model also presents a procedure to compare space demand to availability and provide scheduling decisions to Sequence each activity based on these two parameters. The model allows for availability limits to be placed on resources required for the work by implementing limited resource scheduling techniques in the scheduling procedures. Horizontal and vertical logic constraints associated with repetitive work are also incorporated in the scheduling process of the model. Work continuity issues and varying productivity rates are used as scheduling decision options. The model adopts a procedure to schedule non-continuous activities using variable length segments along the typical floors. In addition, the model allows for adjusting the initial defined resource demand pools for different activities to account for any modifications that may occur to the activity duration during scheduling. Loss of productivity as a result of the combined effect of travel time and learning curve phenomena is also incorporated in the generation of the schedule by the model. The model is taken to a prototype proof of concept by developing SCaRC (Space Constrained and Resource Constrained) scheduling system. The system is implemented using a knowledge-based approach.
Nano-engineering of biomedical prednisolone liposomes: evaluation of the cytotoxic effect on human colon carcinoma cell lines (2018)

This study shows direct antitumour effect of prednisolone liposomal formulation, which opens the door for liposomal glucocorticoids as novel antitumour agents.
Evaluation of Ethoxylated Rapeseed Oil Fatty Acids Methyl Esters as Nonionic Co-Surfactants in Hand Dishwashing Liquids (2019)

Abstract The effect of ethoxylated rapeseed oil fatty acid methyl esters (ROFAME) on the viscosity, functional properties and skin compatibility of hand dishwashing liquids was analyzed. It was found that, over the test range, both the degree of ethoxylation and concentration in the formulation were essential for the properties of the evaluated products. Among others, this was due to the fact that ROFAME had the favorable effect of modifying the viscosity of these formulations to an acceptable range. The relationship between the concentration and degree of polyaddition of ROFAME on the detergent and foaming properties of the complete formulation was presented, showing their increase in comparison to the reference dishwashing liquid without ROFAME. With respect to the parameters relating to the skin irritant, the degree of skin dryness after dishwashing with the auxiliary surfactants was lower.
Knowledge compilation properties of tree-of-BDDs (2007)

We present a CNF to Tree-of-BDDs (ToB) compiler with complexity at most exponential in the tree width. We then present algorithms for interesting queries on ToB. Although some of the presented query algorithms are in the worst case exponential in the tree width, our experiments show that ToB can answer non-trivial queries like clausal entailment in reasonable time for several realistic instances. While our ToB-tool compiles all the used 91 instances, d-DNNF compilation failed for 12 or 8 of them based on the decomposition heuristic used. Also, on the succeeded instances, a d-DNNF is up to 1000 times larger than the matching ToB. The ToB compilations are often an order of magnitude faster than the d-DNNF compilation. This makes ToB a quite interesting knowledge compilation form.
Mitigation of Hydrogen Capacity Losses during Pressure Cycling of the Li3N–H System by the Addition of Nitrogen (2011)

We report PCT measurements, reaction paths, and thermodynamic modeling of prolonged pressure cycling of Li3N in mixed hydrogen/nitrogen atmospheres. For 20 mol % N2 in H2 mixtures, we observe a significant enhancement of the reversible capacity (from ∼3 to ∼10 wt % H after 516 cycles at 528 K) as compared with cycling without nitrogen additives. We attribute this enhancement to the reaction of nitrogen with liquid lithium during cycling as the Gibbs free energy of formation of Li3N (ΔGo = −98.7 kJ/mol) is more negative than that of LiH (ΔGo = −50.3 kJ/mol). We propose that the mitigation of hydrogen capacity losses is due to the partial destabilization of the LiH phase that tends to accumulate during cycling and the liquid Li formation.
Estimating the Hessian by Back-propagating Curvature (2012)

In this work we develop Curvature Propagation (CP), a general technique for efficiently computing unbiased approximations of the Hessian of any function that is computed using a computational graph. At the cost of roughly two gradient evaluations, CP can give a rank-1 approximation of the whole Hessian, and can be repeatedly applied to give increasingly precise unbiased estimates of any or all of the entries of the Hessian. Of particular interest is the diagonal of the Hessian, for which no general approach is known to exist that is both efficient and accurate. We show in experiments that CP turns out to work well in practice, giving very accurate estimates of the Hessian of neural networks, for example, with a relatively small amount of work. We also apply CP to Score Matching, where a diagonal of a Hessian plays an integral role in the Score Matching objective, and where it is usually computed exactly using inefficient algorithms which do not scale to larger and more complex models.
Photoexcited escape probability, optical gain, and noise in quantum well infrared photodetectors (1992)

We present a detailed and thorough study of a wide variety of quantum well infrared photodetectors (QWIPs), which were chosen to have large differences in their optical and transport properties. Both n- and p-doped QWIPs, as well as intersubband transitions based on photoexcitation from bound-to-bound, bound-to-quasicontinuum, and bound-to-continuum quantum well states were investigated. The measurements and theoretical analysis included optical absorption, responsivity, dark current, current noise, optical gain, hot carrier mean free path, net quantum efficiency, quantum well escape probability, quantum well escape time, as well as detectivity. These results allow a better understanding of the optical and transport physics and thus a better optimization of the QWIP performance.
Post-operative monitoring of tissue transfers: Advantages using contrast enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) and contrast enhanced MRI (ceMRI) with dynamic perfusion analysis? (2011)

At present, both technologies provide an optimal assessment of perfusion in cutaneous, subcutaneous and muscle tissue layers, whereby the detection of fatty tissue perfusion is currently more easily detected using CEUS compared to ceMRI.
Conservative Treatment of Mild/Moderate Cervical Dyskaryosis (1993)

KIRBY, A. J.; SPIEGELHALTER, D. J.; DAY, N. E.; FENTON, L.; SWANSON, K.; MANN, E. M. F.; MACGBEGOR, J. E. Author Information
Intercurrent Autoimmune Conditions in Classic and Non-ulcer Interstitial Cystitis (2003)

It appears that systemic and autoimmune disorders are more prevalent in the IC population than in the general population.
Evaluating methods for measuring residue cover (1993)

ABSTRACT: The percentage of soil surface covered with crop residue can be estimated from slide photographs using point sampling methods such as dot screens, but the accuracy of these methods is unknown. Our objective was to develop a benchmark method for accurately measuring residue cover. Slide photographs of residues were projected on the screen of a slide viewer, and tracings of residues were made on acetate film taped to the screen. We measured the area of tracings with computerized image analysis. Results were compared with those obtained by projection of slides onto dot screens, and by image analysis of videotaped pictures of real residues. Measurements made with dot screens and with image analysis of tracings were not significantly different. Image analysis of videotaped pictures underestimated residue cover because we were unable to discriminate completely between soil surface and crop residue based solely on gray-level. The tracing method, although time consuming, is useful for testing the accuracies of other residue-cover measurement methods.