gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Dietary Response of the Hepatic Citrate-Cleavage Enzyme in Hypophysectomized Rats (1966)

Journal Article Dietary Response of the Hepatic Citrate-Cleavage Enzyme in Hypophysectomized Rats Get access HIDEO INOUE, HIDEO INOUE From the Department of Biochemistry, Osaka University, Dental SchoolOsaka Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar KUNIO HONJO, KUNIO HONJO From the Department of Biochemistry, Osaka University, Dental SchoolOsaka Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar YOSHIRO TAKEDA YOSHIRO TAKEDA From the Department of Biochemistry, Osaka University, Dental SchoolOsaka Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar The Journal of Biochemistry, Volume 60, Issue 1, July 1966, Pages 93–95, https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.jbchem.a128405 Published: 01 July 1966 Article history Received: 08 March 1966 Published: 01 July 1966
The N-glycans of Chlorella sorokiniana and a related strain contain arabinose but have strikingly different structures (2020)

The many emerging applications of microalgae such as Chlorella also instigate interest in their ability to conduct protein modifications such as N-glycosylation. Chlorella vulgaris has recently been shown to equip its proteins with highly O-methylated oligomannosidic N-glycans. Two other frequently occurring species names are Chlorella sorokiniana and Chlorella pyrenoidosa-even though the latter is taxonomically ill defined. We analyzed by mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy the N-glycans of type culture collection strains of C. sorokiniana and of a commercial product labeled C. pyrenoidosa. Both samples contained arabinose, which has hitherto not been found in N-glycans. Apart from this only commonality, the structures differed fundamentally from each other and from that of N-glycans of land plants. Despite these differences, the two algae lines exhibited considerable homology in their ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 rDNA sequences. These drastic differences of N-glycan structures between species belonging to the very same genus provoke questions as to the biological function on a unicellular organism.
Syntheses and Crystal Structures of New ReO3‐Type‐Derived Transition Metal Oxide Fluorides (2015)

Abstract Mixed‐metal oxide fluorides M Nb 2 O 3 F 6 ( M = Mg, Zn), Mg M 2 OF 8 ( M = Ti, Zr), Fe 2 TiO 8 F, and TiNb 2 O 5 F 4 were prepared by treatment of their corresponding oxides with a 1:1 mixture of hydrofluoric acid and HNO 3 . Crystal structures were investigated by means of X‐ray powder diffraction. The anion distribution of MgZr 2 OF 8 was studied theoretically. M Nb 2 O 3 F 6 ‐type compounds can be structurally refined in the cubic ReO 3 type, MgTi 2 OF 8 ,and MgZr 2 OF 8 in the cubic NaSbF 6 type, Fe 2 TiOF 8 in the rhombohedral VF 3 type. All presented oxide fluorides are colorless powders and the metal ions are in the highest formal valence state.
Suicide prevention training: self-perceived competence among primary healthcare professionals (2021)

<b>Objective:</b> The aim is to report the outcomes of the suicide prevention training in terms of the self-perceived impact on the participants.<b>Design:</b> The three-hour training consisted areas of risk and protective factors, screening and evaluating suicide risk, raising concerns and confronting suicidal patients, and treating suicidal ideation in primary healthcare and the associated referral processes.<b>Subjects:</b> The studied participants consisted of general practitioners, nurses, public health nurses and social work professionals.<b>Main outcome measures:</b> Participants assessed their own competence on online form regarding four training areas prior to and two weeks after the training.<b>Results:</b> The response rate was 25%. The self-perceived competence of the healthcare professionals increased in all training areas and in all occupational groups. The healthcare professionals' competence regarding the <i>risk and protective factors</i> training area saw the greatest increase across all professional groups except nurses. There were, however, differences between the groups.<b>Conclusion:</b> Suicide prevention training for primary healthcare professionals did increase the self-perceived competence of the participants in all areas covered by the training. Regular follow-up training is required in order for these improvements to be further developed and retained.Key pointsAfter the suicide prevention training all participants self-perceived increase in their competence in all training areas.The GPs self-perceived most increase in risk and protective factors and nurses in raising concerns and confronting suicidal patients.The GPs' lowest increase was in the area of treating suicidal ideation in primary health care and the referral processes.
Entangled polymers (1983)

Most of us have played with lumps of “silly putty,” the strange substance shown in the photographs on page 34. Given a bit of time, this material flows like a viscous liquid. Forced to respond quickly, it bounces like rubber. We can trace this “viscoelastic” behavior, which shows up in all polymer melts, to the knotting of the chains of “monomers” that make up the polymers. Shearing forces tend to undo certain knots, but this takes a finite time τ. In a time greater than τ the original knots fade out, and the melt flows. Over shorter times the original knots are all present, and the melt behaves like an elastic network.
Preserving the Ephemeral: A Micro-Invasive Study on a Set of Polyurethane Scenic Objects from the 1960s and 1970s (2023)

Among the innovative materials used by 20th-century artists, polyurethane (PUR) has been shown to be highly unstable, and therefore artworks made of it are now in need of careful conservation strategies. This study presents a multi-analytical investigation of PUR foam scenic objects originally made between the 1960s and 1970s during the Italian Arte Viva movement. The main components in the foam and additives were characterized through micro attenuated total reflectance infrared spectroscopy (μ-ATR-FTIR) and pyrolysis coupled with gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (Py-GC/MS). Painted samples were further investigated through μ-FTIR and Raman spectroscopy to define binders and pigments. The use of μ-ATR-FTIR in combination with evolved gas analysis-mass spectrometry (EGA-MS) allowed the variable conditions of the artworks to be assessed and attained some insights into the chemical processes responsible for aging. At the same time, morphological changes due to the degradation phenomena were recorded through optical (OM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The detailed characterization of the PUR foam and painting materials was helpful in attaining some insights into harmful environmental parameters for the artworks, thus informing preventive conservation.
<title>Prospects for super-resolution with particle image velocimetry</title> (1993)

High image density PIV is used to improve spatial resolution by ensuring that each interrogation spot gives a vector measurement. In this case the resolution is determined by the size of the interrogation volume. It is argued that the ultimate resolution of PIV is determined by the smaller of the mean spacing between particles and the displacement of the particles between light pulses, and that in the high image density limit, these distances are smaller than the interrogation spot size. Thus, it should be possible to improve spatial resolution to values less than the interrogation spot diameter. We refer to this as super-resolution. A method of achieving super-resolution by using a combination of correlation analysis of the group of particles in a spot and sub-interrogation spot particle tracking is described and evaluated.
Reversible (Patho)Physiologically Relevant Test Interventions: Rationale and Examples (2021)

Renal tissue hypoperfusion and hypoxia are early key elements in the pathophysiology of acute kidney injury of various origins, and may also promote progression from acute injury to chronic kidney disease. Here we describe test interventions that are used to study the control of renal hemodynamics and oxygenation in experimental animals in the context of kidney-specific control of hemodynamics and oxygenation. The rationale behind the use of the individual tests, the physiological responses of renal hemodynamics and oxygenation, the use in preclinical studies, and the possible application in humans are discussed.This chapter is based upon work from the COST Action PARENCHIMA, a community-driven network funded by the European Cooperation in Science and Technology (COST) program of the European Union, which aims to improve the reproducibility and standardization of renal MRI biomarkers.
Rapid and effective processing of blood specimens for diagnostic PCR using filter paper and Chelex-100. (1998)

In the clinical setting, this method provides a useful alternative to conventional DNA isolation. It is easily implemented and inexpensive, and provides sufficient, stable DNA for multiple assays. The potential for specimen contamination is reduced because most of the steps are performed in a single microcentrifuge tube. In addition, this method provides for easy storage and transport of samples from the point of acquisition.
Modulation of beta-lactoglobulin transport in rabbit ileum (1994)

This study was undertaken to investigate the mechanisms of beta-lactoglobulin transport and its regulation in rabbit intestinal mucosa. beta-Lactoglobulin, the major bovine milk whey protein, was slightly degraded by ileal brush-border membranes, indicating the presence of phosphoramidon-insensitive neutral endoproteases. Modulation of 14C-radiolabeled beta-lactoglobulin transport across rabbit ileum mounted in Grass diffusion cells was studied in Ringer solution in the presence and absence of (in mM) 25 glucose, 10 galactose, and 0.5 colchicine. The transport was also measured in Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium as a more "balanced" medium. The transport of the degraded products and of [3H]polyethylene glycol-4000, which was used as an extracellular marker, was enhanced by addition of glucose, presumably indicating passage through the tight junctions. The transepithelial passage of intact protein was estimated to be 10-20% by trichloroacetic acid precipitation and high-performance liquid chromatography, thus indicating the effective transport of the intact protein. The passage of the intact protein was inhibited by both colchicine, a microtubule-depolymerizing agent, and galactose by 50 and 30%, respectively. Galactose-like glycoconjugates, known to be present on the membrane, might be involved in the interaction between the protein and the brush border.
Game Design as Marketing: How Game Mechanics Create Demand for Virtual Goods (2010)

Selling virtual goods for real money is an increasingly popular revenue model for massively-multiplayer online games (MMOs), social networking sites (SNSs) and other online hangouts. In this paper, we argue that the marketing of virtual goods currently falls short of what it could be. Game developers have long created compelling game designs, but having to market virtual goods to players is a relatively new situation to them. Professional marketers, on the other hand, tend to overlook the internal design of games and hangouts and focus on marketing the services as a whole. To begin bridging the gap, we propose that the design patterns and game mechanics commonly used in games and online hangouts should be viewed as a set of marketing techniques designed to sell virtual goods. Based on a review of a number of MMOs, we describe some of the most common patterns and game mechanics and show how their effects can be explained in terms of analogous techniques from marketing science. The results provide a new perspective to game design with interesting implications to developers. Moreover, they also suggest a radically new perspective to marketers of ordinary goods and services: viewing marketing as a form of game design.
Concomitant boost radiotherapy and multidrug chemotherapy in the neoadjuvant treatment of locally advanced rectal cancer: Results of a phase II study (2011)

Twenty-five consecutive patients were treated. Twenty-two of the 25 (88%) patients had a partial clinical response at the time of pre-operative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Only one patient showed progressive systemic disease at pre-surgical revaluation and was subjected only to biopsy to evaluate pathological response. Twenty-four patients (96%) underwent surgery. Overall, pathologic complete response was observed in eight patients (32%; CI 0.95:12-55%) and only microscopic tumor foci (pTmic) in two patients (pT0-mic: 40%; CI 0.95:18-63%). Nineteen patients (76%) showed tumor down-staging. Proctitis and/or diarrhea were the most frequent acute side effects experienced. Eighteen patients had grade 1-2 toxicity (77%); whereas two patients experienced grade 3 toxicity (8%). Two-year Local control and actuarial Disease Free Survival were 100% and 91%, respectively. CONCLUSION. An intensified regimen of concomitant boost radiotherapy plus concurrent raltitrexed and oxaliplatin, can be safely administered in patients with locally advanced rectal cancer. This regimen produces high rates of pathological complete response. Based on available data, this type of treatment could be offered to patients with more advanced tumors (T4 or local recurrence).
Modeling cell-autonomous motor neuron phenotypes in ALS using iPSCs (2019)

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is an aggressive and uniformly fatal degenerative disease of the motor nervous system. In order to understand underlying disease mechanisms, researchers leverage a host of in vivo and in vitro models, including yeast, worms, flies, zebrafish, mice, and more recently, human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) derived from ALS patients. While mouse models have been the main workhorse of preclinical ALS research, the development of iPSCs provides a new opportunity to explore molecular phenotypes of ALS within human cells. Importantly, this technology enables modeling of both familial and sporadic ALS in the relevant human genetic backgrounds, as well as a personalized or targeted approach to therapy development. Harnessing these powerful tools requires addressing numerous challenges, including different variance components associated with iPSCs and motor neurons as well as concomitant limits of reductionist approaches. In order to overcome these obstacles, optimization of protocols and assays, confirmation of phenotype robustness at scale, and validation of findings in human tissue and genetics will cement the role for iPSC models as a valuable complement to animal models in ALS and more broadly among neurodegenerative diseases.
Magnetic Resonance Elastography by Direct Visualization of Propagating Acoustic Strain Waves (1995)

A nuclear magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) method is presented for quantitatively mapping the physical response of a material to harmonic mechanical excitation. The resulting images allow calculation of regional mechanical properties. Measurements of shear modulus obtained with the MRI technique in gel materials correlate with independent measurements of static shear modulus. The results indicate that displacement patterns corresponding to cyclic displacements smaller than 200 nanometers can be measured. The findings suggest the feasibility of a medical imaging technique for delineating elasticity and other mechanical properties of tissue.
The META tool optimizes metagenomic analyses across sequencing platforms and classifiers (2023)

A major challenge in the field of metagenomics is the selection of the correct combination of sequencing platform and downstream metagenomic analysis algorithm, or "classifier". Here, we present the Metagenomic Evaluation Tool Analyzer (META), which produces simulated data and facilitates platform and algorithm selection for any given metagenomic use case. META-generated <i>in silico</i> read data are modular, scalable, and reflect user-defined community profiles, while the downstream analysis is done using a variety of metagenomic classifiers. Reported results include information on resource utilization, time-to-answer, and performance. Real-world data can also be analyzed using selected classifiers and results benchmarked against simulations. To test the utility of the META software, simulated data was compared to real-world viral and bacterial metagenomic samples run on four different sequencers and analyzed using 12 metagenomic classifiers. Lastly, we introduce "META Score": a unified, quantitative value which rates an analytic classifier's ability to both identify and count taxa in a representative sample.
Design of a radio-linked implantable cochlear prosthesis using surface acoustic wave devices (1993)

Cochlear prosthesis systems for postlingually deaf individuals (those who have become deaf due to disease or injury after having developed mature speech capability) are considered. These systems require the surgical implantation of an array of electrodes within the cochlea and are driven by processed sound signals from outside the body. A system that uses an analog signal approach for transcutaneous transfer of six processed speech data channels using frequency multiplexing is described. The system utilizes a filterbank of six narrowband surface acoustic wave (SAW) filters in the range 72-78 MHz with a 1.2-MHz channel spacing to multiplex the six carrier signals, frequency modulated, by the processed speech signals, onto a composite signal. The same SAW filters are used in the receiver filterbank for signal separation, but are housed in a miniaturized package. The system includes a portable transmitter and a receiver package which is to be implanted in the patient. The implanted circuits are supplied exclusively from power transferred from outside the body via a separate 10-MHz transcutaneous link.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Nanolithography: Small 8/2010 (2010)

The cover picture shows an aromatic self-assembling peptide, N-Boc-protected triphenylalanine (Boc-FFF), inspired by a structural motif for the β-amyloid associated with Alzheimer's disease, spontaneously assembled into a highly crystalline and thermally stable hexagonal bionanosphere array during solvent evaporation. Taking advantage of the highly stable monolayer bionanosphere array masks, hexagonal metal nanoparticle arrays or embossed Si nanoposts are readily created by selective deposition or selective etching. This novel approach of “bionanosphere lithography” demonstrates a straightforward biomaterial-based nanolithography compatible with conventional device fabrication processes. For more information, please read the Full Paper “Bionanosphere Lithography via Hierarchical Peptide Self-Assembly of Aromatic Triphenylalanine” by H. S. Lee, S. O. Kim, et al., beginning on page 945.
The role of the type I interferon response in mammalian cell culture based influenza vaccine production (2009)

For cell culture based Influenza vaccine production processes virus yield optimization is of crucial importance. A well characterized factor limiting Influenza replication in vivo is the type I interferon (IFN) response. Therefore, we want to analyse whether induction of type I IFN and subsequent expression of antiviral genes is also of importance in a Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cell culture based Influenza production process. \nqRT-PCR and luciferase reporter assays were used to determine the expression of IFN-beta and Mx1 in MDCK cells infected with different Influenza viruses. All strains tested showed significant induction of IFN-beta, but levels, as well as kinetics of induction and the amount of resulting Mx1 expression varied strain dependently. As a first approach to examine the influence of IFN-beta expression on virus yield and virus replication dynamics, we transiently transfected MDCK cells with a plasmid containing the sequence of A/PR/8/34 NS1, which acts as a type I IFN antagonists. Infection of these cells with different Influenza strains showed at least 5 fold reduced levels of IFN-beta induction. For A/PR/8/34 delNS1 this inhibition of IFN induction resulted in faster virus production and slightly higher maximal virus yield compared to control cells. However, for virus strains with functional NS1 no significant effect of NS1-overexpression on virus yield or replication kinetics was found. A possible explanation could be that in cell culture with MDCK cells and MDCK-adapted Influenza viruses, expression of IFN and IFN-stimulated genes is not a yield limiting factor. This is also supported by experiments showing that pre-treatment of MDCK cells with IFN-containing medium does not affect virus yield in our system.
ISO transport arrives on top of the TCP (1986)

This memo describes a proposed protocol standard for the ARPA Internet
community. The CCITT and the ISO have defined various session,
presentation, and application recommendations which have been adopted
by the international community and numerous vendors. To the largest
extent possible, it is desirable to offer these higher level services
directly in the ARPA Internet, without disrupting existing facilities.
This permits users to develop expertise with ISO and CCITT
applications which previously were not available in the ARPA Internet.
The intention is that hosts in the ARPA-Internet that choose to
implement ISO TSAP services on top of the TCP be expected to adopt and
implement this standard. Suggestions for improvement are encouraged.
IDENTIFICATION OF CANDIDA SPECIES FROM CLINICAL SAMPLES AND THEIR ANTIFUNGAL SUSCEPTIBILITY PATTERNS (2015)

The incidence of Candida infections has increased dramatically over the past few decades due to increase in the number of population susceptible to fungal infections. With multiple antifungal agents that are available and recovery of clinical isolates that exhibit inherent or developed resistance to commonly used antifungal agents, it has become imperative to do susceptibility testing routinely. The study was done to determine the predisposing factors, species incidence and susceptibility pattern of Candida isolates to commonly used antifungal agents. METHODS: A total of 108 Candida species were recovered from symptomatic clinical cases. Candida isolates were speciated by germ tube test, chlamydospore formation on corn meal agar and color produced on chromogenic media. Antifungal susceptibility test was done by disk diffusion method for nystatin, fluconazole, itraconazole, voriconazole and amphotericin-B. RESULTS: Candida albicans is the most frequently isolated species. However, non-albicans Candida species, taken as a group has predominated in clinical samples. Chromogenic agar medium showed good correlation in species identification in comparison with conventional germ tube test and chlamydospore formation on corn meal agar. C. albicans (41), C. tropicalis (33), C. krusei (30) and C. glabrata (04) were isolated. Candida species showed 95.4% susceptibility to amphotericin-B, 77.8% to voriconazole, 69.4% to nystatin, 64.1% to fluconazole and 63.9% to itraconazole. CONCLUSION: Increasing incidence of nonalbicans species infection. Chromogenic medium can be used for species identification. Increasing resistance of Candida species to commonly used antifungal agents.
Rate of Change of Halothane Concentration in a Large Animal Circle Anesthetic System (1977)

The slow rate of change of inspired halothane concentration which results in a conventional large animal circle anesthetic delivery system when low carrier gas flow rates are used was confirmed, using a model system. To obtain a 63% change in inspired halothane concentration in the 32-L large animal circle anesthetic machine at fresh gas inflow rates of 3, 6, and 12 L/minute required 10.7, 5.3, and 2.7 minutes, respectively. At a given inflow rate, increasing the rebreathing bag size from 20 to 40 L prolonged the time for equilibration between the gas flowing into the anesthetic circuit and the inspired gas. The extent to which an adult horse further slowed the rate of rise of inspired anesthetic concentration was also demonstrated.