gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The “Arthroscopic impingement test” (1994)

Arthroscopic acromioplasty is an effective technique to treat refractory impingement syndrome of the shoulder; however, it is a technically demanding procedure and failure due to inadequate acromial resection has been reported. The purpose of this study was to describe a more reliable technique of arthroscopic acromioplasty ("arthroscopic impingement test") that allows determination of subacromial space available (SSA) during shoulder flexion after acromioplasty. During a 2-year period, 70 consecutive patients (group I) underwent arthroscopic acromioplasty by a conventional technique and 50 consecutive patients (group II) underwent the modified technique. Both groups were comparable in terms of age, gender, chronicity of symptoms, incidence of workman's compensation cases, side of surgery, and operative findings. In group I, four patients (6%) failed due to inadequate acromioplasty and at time of revision were found to have 0 mm SSA at 120 degrees flexion (contact of cuff on acromion). After revision acromioplasty, SSA at 120 degrees flexion was measured as > 3 mm, and impingement symptoms resolved postoperatively. In group II, there were no failures and SSA after initial acromioplasty was found to average 13 mm at 0 degree 10 mm at 45 degrees, 8 mm at 90 degrees, and 6 mm at 120 degrees flexion. In four cases, the "arthroscopic impingement test" determined that there was inadequate SSA at 120 degrees (< 3 mm) after initial acromioplasty, and these were revised by further acromioplasty at time of surgery. It was concluded that the "arthroscopic impingement test" improves reliability of arthroscopic acromioplasty by verifying adequate acromial resection in a position of impingement.
CST15 - Morton Effect With Pedestal Support Influence (2019)

Min. Clr: 6.7 mils Avg.Clr: 7.7 mils Max.Clr: 8.7 mils Increasing clearance is worse at trip speed High Speed Balancing Left End (Drive Through End) Right End (Drive End) Connected to the Motor Drive Measured clearance 8.82 mil 0.394 mils 0.787 mils 1.181 mils 0.394 mils 0.787 mils 1.181 mils 1 st High speed balance test Pedestal to bearing support stiffness ratio less than 3.5 Unexpected Morton effect on both ends Design clearance range 6.7 mils ~ 8.7 mils Design clearance range 6.7 mils ~ 8.7 mils Measured clearance 8.62 mil
Acetolactate Synthase Activity Inhibition and Herbicidal Activity of Sulfonylurea and Imidazolinone Herbicides (1995)

Acetolactate synthase activity inhibition and herbicidal activities were investigated with 2 sulfonylureas [chlorsulfuron{2-chloro-N-{{(4-methoxy-6-methyl-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl) amino} carboxyl} benzenesulfonamide}, metsulfuron-methyl{methyl-2{{{{(4-methoxy-6-methyl-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)amino}carbonyl}amino}sulfonyl}benzoic acid}, and 2 imidazoli-nones [imazethapyr{2-{4,5-dihydro-4-methyl-4-(1-methyl)-5-oxo-1H-imidazol-2-yl}-5-ethyl-3-pyridinecarboxylicacid}, imazaquin{2-{4,5-dihydro-4-methyl-4-(1-methyl)-5-oxo-1H-imidazol-2-yl}-3-quinoline carboxylic acid} herbicides. A broad weeding spectrum was observed with the treated herbicides at low application rates. Both corn(Zea mays L.) and sorghum(Sorghum bicolor Moench) were very sensitive to the two herbicide groups. Although legumes, such as soybean(Glycine max Merr.), clover(Trifolium repense L.), and indian jointvetch(Aeschnomene indica L.) were sensitive to the sulfonylureas, they were tolerant to the imidazolinones. On the contrary, wheat(Triticum aestivum L.) and barley(Hoderum sativum Jess.) showed the reverse responses of the legumes to the two herbicide groups. Quackgrass(Agropyron repens(L.) P. Beauv.). however, was commonly tolerant to the two herbicide groups. Degrees of crop injury and acetolactate synthase inhibition also varied with the crops examined. The 50% inhibition concentrations of sulfonylureas on acetolactate synthase in vitro activity() from corn, wheat, and soybean did not relate to the greenhouse herbicidal activities (). With chlorsulfuron, for example, wheat had more than 100 times higher than corn and soybean, but the was 4 to 10 times lower. Similar observation was made with metsulfuron-methyl. However, closer relationships between and were found with the imidazolinones. When imazethapyr was applied, the order of values against com, wheat, and soybean was the same as that of .
RF Transient Analysis and Stabilization of the Phase and Energy of the Proposed PIP-II LINAC (2018)

This paper describes a recent effort to develop and benchmark a simulation tool for the analysis of radio frequency (RF) transients and their compensation in an H-linear accelerator. Existing tools in this area either focus on electron linear accelerators (LINACs) or lack fundamental details about the low level radio frequency system that are necessary to provide realistic performance estimates. In this paper, we begin with a discussion of our computational models followed by benchmarking with existing beam-dynamics codes and measured data. We then analyze the effect of RF transients and their compensation in the Proton Improvement Plan-II LINAC, followed by an analysis of calibration errors and how Newton's method-based feedback scheme can be used to regulate the beam energy to within the specified limits.
How Students Learn using MOOCs: An Eye-tracking Insight (2014)

We present the results of an eye-tracking study on a Massive Open Online Course (MOOC) lecture showing the relation between gaze variables and studentsâ performance and learning strategy. 40 students watched a MOOC lecture while their eye-movements were being recorded. We present a method to define stimuli-based gaze variables that can be defined for any kind of stimulus. The advantage of using stimuli-based gaze variables is that the relation of the gaze indicators with performance measures and behavioral measures can be interpreted differently for different kinds of stimulus. MOOCs are very diverse in nature; having such a variable description enables the researchers to have a common measure for the different kind of stimulus present in different MOOCs. The long-term goal is to create student profiles based on their performance and learning strategy using stimuli-based gaze variables and to provide the students with gaze-aware feedback to improve the overall learning process.
Stellenwert der pharmakologischen Belastungsechokardiographie (1993)

In der Diagnostik der koronaren Herzkrankheit ist die Identifikation ischämiegefährdeter Myokardbezirke sowie deren Lokalisation und Ausdehnung für das weitere therapeutische Vorgehen und die Prognose des Patienten von elementarer Bedeutung. Angioplastie oder revaskularisierende Maßnahmen sind nur dann sinnvoll, wenn neben der Koronarmorphologie auch die hämodynamische Relevanz von Stenosen, das Versorgungsgebiet des betroffenen Gefäßes und die Vitalität der zu erhaltenden Myokardbezirke exakt bekannt sind. Die Belastungsergometrie stellt seit ihrer klinischen Einführung in den 50er Jahren die diagnostische Methode der 1. Wahl zur Klärung der genannten Fragen dar [17, 18]. Ihr Aussagewert wurde in den letzten Jahrzehnten durch die Einführung myokardszintigraphischer Verfahren deutlich erweitert [4, 30, 31, 66, 68].
Use of pulmonary capillary wedge aspirates for the antemortem diagnosis of pulmonary microvascular tumor (1989)

The diagnosis of pulmonary lymphangitic carcinoma usually requires fiberoptic bronchoscopy with transbronchial biopsy, percutaneous needle aspiration of the lung, and/or open lung biopsy. We performed right heart catheterization in three patients with adenocarcinoma, in whom the diagnosis of pulmonary lymphangitic carcinoma was made on the basis of cytologic examination of pulmonary capillary blood.
Ploidy‐ and Purity‐Adjusted Allele‐Specific DNA Analysis Using CLONETv2 (2019)

High-throughput DNA sequencing technology provides base-level and statistically rich information about the genomic content of a sample. In the contexts of cancer research and precision oncology, thousands of genomes from paired tumor and matched normal samples are profiled and processed to determine somatic copy-number changes and single-nucleotide variations. Higher-order informative analyses, in the form of allele-specific copy-number assessments or subclonality quantification, require reliable estimates of tumor DNA ploidy and tumor cellularity. CLONETv2 provides a complete set of functions to process matched normal and tumor pairs using patient-specific genotype data, is independent of low-level tools (e.g., aligner, segmentation algorithm, mutation caller) and offers high-level functions to compute allele-specific copy number from segmented data and to identify subclonal population in the input sample. CLONETv2 is applicable to whole-genome, whole-exome and targeted sequencing data generated either from tissue or from liquid biopsy samples. © 2019 The Authors.
An Outreach Burn Prevention Program for Home Care Patients (1988)

Residential fires are the major cause of death from fires and burns in the United States, accounting for nearly two-thirds of annual fatalities. High-risk groups are more accessible now to burn prevention programs because of increasing home health care. Our burn prevention program, directed at homebound patients cared for by our hospital-based home care staff, combines fire safety education and smoke detector installation for this designated high-risk population. The combining of home health care with burn prevention activities has proven to be an effective means of reaching thousands of high-risk homes per year. We believe this approach would be equally effective in other areas.
Supplementary Table S1 from An Inducible Mouse Model of Melanoma Expressing a Defined Tumor Antigen (2023)

Supplementary Table S1 from An Inducible Mouse Model of Melanoma Expressing a Defined Tumor Antigen
Remus (2002)

We present a detailed analysis of the UNIX system calls and classify them according to their level of threat with respect to system penetration. Based on these results, an effective mechanism is proposed to control the invocation of critical, from the security viewpoint, system calls. The integration into existing UNIX operating systems is carried out by instrumenting the code of the system calls in such a way that the execution is granted only in the case where the invoking process and the value of the arguments comply with the rules held in an access control database. This method does not require changes in the kernel data structures and algorithms. All kernel modifications are transparent to the application processes that continue to work correctly with no need of source code changes or recompilation. A working prototype has been implemented as a loadable kernel module for the Linux operating system. The prototype is able to detect and block any attacks by which an intruder tries to gain direct access to the system as a privileged user.
An Efficient Cooperative Transmission Based Opportunistic Broadcast Scheme in VANETs (2021)

In vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs), quick and reliable multi-hop broadcasting is important for the dissemination of emergency warning messages. By scheduling multiple nodes to transmit messages concurrently and cooperatively, cooperative transmission based broadcast schemes may yield much better broadcast performance than conventional broadcast schemes. However, a cooperative transmission requires multiple relays to achieve strict synchronization on both time and frequency, which may induce high cost for a cooperative transmission process. In this paper, we analyze the cost and benefit of a cooperative transmission for data broadcasting in vehicular networks, and introduce a new metric called the single hop broadcast efficiency (SBE) to evaluate the overall broadcast performance. We propose an efficient, non-deterministic cooperation mechanism to reduce the cooperation cost. The mechanism maximizes the expected broadcast performance by selecting cooperators with the largest expected SBE value for a lead relay, and initiates cooperative broadcasting process when the expected SBE value is larger than that of a single-relay based broadcasting. Based on the non-deterministic mechanism, we propose an efficient, cooperative transmission based opportunistic broadcast (ECTOB) scheme which further utilizes rebroadcast to improve the reliability of the broadcast scheme. Simulation results show that the proposed scheme outperforms the conventional ones.
Potential Role of Bone Morphogenetic Proteins in Fracture Healing (1998)

Since their discovery, bone morphogenetic proteins have held the promise for use in various orthopaedic diseases. One of the largest areas of likely application is the area of fracture repair. Although millions of fractures occur annually and the majority heal satisfactorily, 5% to 10% go on to delayed union or nonunion. Bone morphogenetic proteins may be able to improve bony healing in these conditions and perhaps enhance the healing of fractures that otherwise heal satisfactorily. This study examines the preclinical data to support the concept of enhancing bony healing and discusses the preliminary data from clinical trials using bone morphogenetic proteins to augment bony healing. Although the potential clinical uses of bone morphogenetic proteins in fracture healing remain significant, this potential has yet to be realized.
CaMKII T286 phosphorylation has distinct essential functions in three forms of long-term plasticity (2022)

The Ca<sup>2+</sup>/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) mediates long-term potentiation or depression (LTP or LTD) after distinct stimuli of hippocampal NMDA-type glutamate receptors (NMDARs). NMDAR-dependent LTD prevails in juvenile mice, but a mechanistically different form of LTD can be readily induced in adults by instead stimulating metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs). However, the role that CaMKII plays in the mGluR-dependent form of LTD is not clear. Here we show that mGluR-dependent LTD also requires CaMKII and its T286 autophosphorylation (pT286), which induces Ca<sup>2+</sup>-independent autonomous kinase activity. In addition, we compared the role of pT286 among three forms of long-term plasticity (NMDAR-dependent LTP and LTD, and mGluR-dependent LTD) using simultaneous live imaging of endogenous CaMKII together with synaptic marker proteins. We determined that after LTP stimuli, pT286 autophosphorylation accelerated CaMKII movement to excitatory synapses. After NMDAR-LTD stimuli, pT286 was strictly required for any movement to inhibitory synapses. Similar to NMDAR-LTD, we found the mGluR-LTD stimuli did not induce CaMKII movement to excitatory synapses. However, in contrast to NMDAR-LTD, we demonstrate that the mGluR-LTD did not involve CaMKII movement to inhibitory synapses and did not require additional T305/306 autophosphorylation. Thus, despite its prominent role in LTP, we conclude that CaMKII T286 autophosphorylation is also required for both major forms of hippocampal LTD, albeit with differential requirements for the heterosynaptic communication of excitatory signals to inhibitory synapses.
Tumor-Derived cGAMP Regulates Activation of the Vasculature (2020)

Intratumoral recruitment of immune cells following innate immune activation is critical for anti-tumor immunity and involves cytosolic dsDNA sensing by the cGAS/STING pathway. We have previously shown that KRAS-LKB1 (KL) mutant lung cancer, which is resistant to PD-1 blockade, exhibits silencing of STING, impaired tumor cell production of immune chemoattractants, and T cell exclusion. Since the vasculature is also a critical gatekeeper of immune cell infiltration into tumors, we developed a novel microfluidic model to study KL tumor-vascular interactions. Notably, dsDNA priming of LKB1-reconstituted tumor cells activates the microvasculature, even when tumor cell STING is deleted. cGAS-driven extracellular export of 2'3' cGAMP by cancer cells activates STING signaling in endothelial cells and cooperates with type 1 interferon to increase vascular permeability and expression of E selectin, VCAM-1, and ICAM-1 and T cell adhesion to the endothelium. Thus, tumor cell cGAS-STING signaling not only produces T cell chemoattractants, but also primes tumor vasculature for immune cell escape.
Meta-analysis (1988)

Meta-analysis is being used with increasing frequency in clinical medicine as an attempt to improve on traditional methods of narrative review by systematically aggregating information and quantifying its impact. Combining data from several studies using meta-analysis can increase statistical power, provide insight into the nature of relationships among variables, and increase generalizability of results more rigorously than less quantitative review methods. Like all review methods, meta-analysis can be limited by sampling bias, inadequate data, and biased outcome interpretation. Still, the advantages noted above make meta-analysis a methodology that warrants testing and empirical evaluation. (<i>JAMA</i>1988;259:1685-1689)
Demonstration of Ultra Low Dissipation Optomechanical Resonators on a Chip (2008)

Cavity-enhanced radiation-pressure coupling of optical and mechanical degrees of freedom gives rise to a range of optomechanical phenomena, in particular providing a route to the quantum regime of mesoscopic mechanical oscillators. A prime challenge in cavity optomechanics has however been to realize systems which simultaneously maximize optical finesse and mechanical quality. Here we demonstrate for the first time independent control over both mechanical and optical degree of freedom within one and the same on-chip resonator. The first direct observation of mechanical normal mode coupling in a micromechanical system allows for a quantitative understanding of mechanical dissipation. Subsequent optimization of the resonator geometry enables intrinsic material loss limited mechanical Q-factors, rivalling the best values reported in the high MHz frequency range, while simultaneously preserving the resonators' ultra-high optical finesse. Besides manifesting a complete understanding of mechanical dissipation in microresonator based optomechanical systems, our results provide an ideal setting for cavity optomechanics.
Early Results of a Simplified Method of Mitral Valve Annuloplasty (1995)

These early results indicate that the posterior annuloplasty method is reproducible and expeditious. Postoperative valve function as assessed by degree of regurgitation, transvalvular gradient, and valve area was similar to that obtained by measured, complete ring annuloplasty and superior to that found in patients having commissural annuloplasty.
A Recursive Cost-Constrained Construction that Attains the Expurgated Exponent (2019)

We show that a recursive cost-constrained random coding scheme attains an error exponent that is at least as high as both the random-coding exponent and the expurgated exponent. The random coding scheme enforces that every pair of codewords in the codebook meets a minimum distance condition, and is reminiscent of the Gilbert-Varshamov construction, but with the notable feature of permitting continuous-alphabet channels. The distance function is initially arbitrary, and it is shown that the Chernoff/Bhattacharrya distance suffices to attain the random coding and expurgated exponents.
VE607 Stabilizes SARS-CoV-2 Spike In the “RBD-up” Conformation and Inhibits Viral Entry (2022)

SARS-CoV-2 infection of host cells starts by binding of the Spike glycoprotein (S) to the ACE2 receptor. The S-ACE2 interaction is a potential target for therapies against COVID-19 as demonstrated by the development of immunotherapies blocking this interaction. Here, we present the commercially available VE607, comprised of three stereoisomers, that was originally described as an inhibitor of SARS-CoV-1. We show that VE607 specifically inhibits infection of SARS-CoV-1 and SARS-CoV-2 S-expressing pseudoviral particles as well as authentic SARS-CoV-2. VE607 stabilizes the receptor binding domain (RBD) in its "up" conformation. <i>In silico</i> docking and mutational analysis map the VE607 binding site at the RBD-ACE2 interface. The IC <sub>50</sub> values are in the low micromolar range for pseudoparticles derived from SARS-CoV-2 Wuhan/D614G as well as from variants of concern (Alpha, Beta, Gamma, Delta and Omicron), suggesting that VE607 has potential for the development of drugs against SARS-CoV-2 infections.
Investigation of the Initiating and Catalytic Behavior of Tri-n-butyltin(IV) n-Butoxide in Ring-Opening Polymerization of ε-Caprolactone and Transesterification of Poly(L-lactic acid) (2022)

T ri-n-butyltin(IV) n-butoxide (nBu3SnOnBu) was successfully synthesized and utilized as a stable and homogeneous initiator for the small-scale synthesis of biodegradable polymers in our laboratory. From our previous works, the initiating performance of nBu3SnOnBu in the ring-opening polymerization (ROP) of cyclic ester monomers was completely investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). It was found that nBu3SnOnBu acted as the slow initiator in the ROP of ε-caprolactone (ε-CL) due to its high steric hindrance around the active center. Moreover, it could be used in the stereoselective ROP of racemic-lactide (rac-LA). The synthesized nBu3SnOnBu showed higher stereoselectivity than the conventional tin(II) octoate (Sn(Oct)2) system. In this present work, the effectiveness of nBu3SnOnBu in scaled-up (250 g) of the synthesis of poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) was further investigated comparing to small-scale polymerization (4 g). Furthermore, the catalytic performance of this nBu3SnOnBu in the transesterification of high molecular weight poly(L-lactic acid) (PLA) was also investigated for the first time. The transesterification of PLA with 0.05 M and 0.10 M of soluble nBu3SnOnBu catalyst in CHCl3 was successfully investigated by the gel permeation chromatography (GPC) technique. It was found that the molecular weight of PLA dramatically decreased with increasing time and nBu3SnOnBu concentration. From the kinetics study, nBu3SnOnBu acted as a highly active transesterification catalyst for PLA. From a mechanistic study, the transesterification mechanism of PLA with nBu3SnOnBu catalyst was proposed through intramolecular transesterification.
Comparison of GP and SAP in the image-processing filter construction using pathology images (2010)

In this paper, programming methods of constructing filters for choosing target images from pathology images are discussed. Automatic construction of these filters would be very useful in the medical field. Image processing filters can be expressed as tree topology operations. Genetic Programming (GP) is an evolutionary computation algorithm that can design tree topology operations. Simulated Annealing Programming (SAP) is also an emergent algorithm that can create tree topology operations. These two algorithms, GP and SAP, were applied to construct Image Processing Filters and the characteristics of these two algorithms were compared. The results indicated that GP has strong search capability for finding the global optimum solution. However, in the latter part of the search, the diversity of solutions is lost and the program size becomes large. This can be avoided by removing introns. It is assumed that filters developed by GP have strong robustness for other images. On the other hand, SAP requires many iterations to find the optimum but the program size is small. Filters developed by SAP are relatively weak from the viewpoint of robustness for other images.
Variable StepSizeLeastMeanSquareEstimator forSingle-Sweep EventRelated Potentials (2006)

Methodforimproving thesignal-to-noise ratio of eventrelated potentials (ERP)measurements ispresented .The methodisbasedonadaptive Fourier model. TheFourier model isbasedontheVSSLMSalgorithm. A reduced numberofsingle ERP trials beingusedforestimating theaverage response. The performance ofthemethodisevaluated withsimulations and realmeasurements oftheERP responses andcompared tothe ensemble averaging method.
Melatonin receptors in GtoPdb v.2021.3 (2021)

Melatonin receptors (nomenclature as agreed by the NC-IUPHAR Subcommittee on Melatonin Receptors [40]) are activated by the endogenous ligands melatonin and clinically used drugs like ramelteon, agomelatine and tasimelteon.