gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Full-Color Imaging On Amplitude-Quantized Color Mosaic Displays (1989)

We discuss halftoning techniques appropriate for matrix-addressed electronic displays, such as thin-film-transistor (TFT) liquid crystal displays, which use color mosaics to implement multi-color operation via space-division-multiplexing. The error propagation method of halftoning is briefly reviewed and extended into the present context. Temporally dynamic techniques are described for rapidly refreshed displays, as is their implementation in digital hardware. Artifact suppression and the use of auxiliary passive light-optical image enhancement techniques are also addressed.
Effect of membrane performance variability with temperature and feed composition on pervaporation and vapor permeation system design for solvent drying (2022)

The inclusion of membrane permeabilities that vary with fluid composition and temperature noticeably altered predictions of the membrane area required to carry out water removal from ethanol by PV and of the transfer of ethanol to the permeate stream. Unless a PV/V⋅P process is expected to operate at a constant temperature and in a narrow concentration range, process performance estimates would be improved by inclusion of concentration- and temperature-dependent permeabilities or permeances.
Status of Silicon Photomultiplier Developments as optical Sensors for MAGIC/EUSO like Detectors (2005)

A few years ago a new type of photon detector was introduced; the so-called Silicon photomultiplier (SiPM). \nIn this paper we review the working principle of SiPMs and describe the status of our development. Finally, \nwe sketch the possible application of a 5 \n× 5 mm $^{2}$ \nSiPM in Air Cherenkov telescopes.
Molecular genetic analysis of U2AF59 in Schizosaccharomyces pombe: Differential sensitivity of introns to mutational inactivation (1999)

The large subunit of the mammalian U2AF heterodimer (U2AF65) is essential for splicing in vitro. To expand our understanding of how this protein functions in vivo, we have created a null allele of the gene encoding the Schizosaccharomyces pombe ortholog, U2AF59, and employed it in a variety of genetic complementation assays. First, analysis of an extensive series of double amino acid substitutions indicates that this splicing factor is surprisingly refractory to mutations. Second, despite extensive structural conservation, we find that metazoan large subunit orthologs cannot substitute in vivo for fission yeast U2AF59. Third, because the activity of U2AF65 in vitro involves binding to the 3' polypyrimidine tract, we examined the splicing of introns containing or lacking this feature in a U2AF59 mutant described here as well as a previously isolated temperature-sensitive mutant (Potashkin et al., 1993, Science 262:573-575). Our data indicate that all four introns tested, including two that lack extensive runs of pyrimidines between the branchpoint and 3' splice site, show splicing defects upon shifting to the nonpermissive condition. In all cases, splicing is blocked prior to the first transesterification reaction in the mutants, consistent with the role inferred for human U2AF65 based on in vitro experiments.
Molecular cues that guide the development of neural connectivity (1998)

Diffusible and substrate-bound cues can guide axonal pathway choice via attractive and repulsive signals. A number of families of signalling molecules have been identified, including netrins and their receptors, semaphorins, neuropilins, Eph receptor tyrosine kinases, ephrins and CAMs. Many of these signalling molecules can have a dual role, functioning either as attractants or as repellents. Direction of growth cone extension requires reorganization of the cytoskeleton, which may be directed by the Rho family of GTPases.
Digital and quasi-linear electrooptic modulators synthesized from directional couplers (1986)

By synthesizing from cascaded directional couplers, we propose new designs to achieve digital and quasi-linear electrooptic modulations. For the digital modulator, a nearly perfect on-state or off-state can be obtained in a broad range of modulation voltages. The calculated switching voltage can be as low as the drive voltage of a conventional directional coupler. The quasi-linear modulator is achieved by adding a set of compensating electrodes to a foreshortened directional coupler. Deviation from a linear voltage-intensity relationship of less than 1 percent can be obtained over a 93.5 percent modulation depth. The calculated second harmonic and the third order intermodulation distortions are -18.3 and -32.6 dB, respectively.
Algorithms for Applied Digital Image Cytometry (2003)

Image analysis can provide genetic as well as protein level information from fluorescence stained fixed or living cells without loosing tissue morphology. Analysis of spatial, spectral, and temporal distribution of fluorescence can reveal important information on the single cell level. This is in contrast to most other methods for cell analysis, which do not account for inter-cellular variation. Flow cytometry enables single-cell analysis, but tissue morphology is lost in the process, and temporal events cannot be observed. The need for reproducibility, speed and accuracy calls for computerized methods for cell image analysis, i.e., digital image cytometry, which is the topic of this thesis. Algorithms for cell-based screening are presented and applied to evaluate the effect of insulin on translocation events in single cells. This type of algorithms could be the basis for high-throughput drug screening systems, and have been developed in close cooperation with biomedical industry. Image based studies of cell cycle proteins in cultured cells and tissue sections show that cyclin A has a well preserved expression pattern while the expression pattern of cyclin E is disturbed in tumors. The results indicate that analysis of cyclin E expression provides additional valuable information for cancer prognosis, not visible by standard tumor grading techniques. Complex chains of events and interactions can be visualized by simultaneous staining of different proteins involved in a process. A combination of image analysis and staining procedures that allow sequential staining and visualization of large numbers of different antigens in single cells is presented. Preliminary results show that at least six different antigens can be stained in the same set of cells. All image cytometry requires robust segmentation techniques. Clustered objects, background variation, as well as internal intensity variations complicate the segmentation of cells in tissue. Algorithms for segmentation of 2D and 3D images of cell nuclei in tissue by combining intensity, shape, and gradient information are presented. The algorithms and applications presented show that fast, robust, and automatic digital image cytometry can increase the throughput and power of image based single cell analysis.
Band gap versus composition and demonstration of Vegard’s law for In1−xGaxAsyP1−y lattice matched to InP (1978)

Measurements of lattice parameters and compositions for In1−xGaxAsyP1−y lattice matched to InP demonstrate the validity of Vegard’s law for this quaternary. The measured compositional dependence of the band gap shows a bowing parameter smaller than predicted from the previously measured band gaps of the four constituent ternaries.
Comparison of the CO2 Absorption Characteristics of Aqueous Solutions of Diamines: Absorption Capacity, Specific Heat Capacity, and Heat of Absorption (2015)

Aqueous amine solutions have been widely used for the absorption of carbon dioxide (CO2) from the gas mixtures. An understanding of the physical and chemical properties of aqueous amine solutions is important for the successful design and operation of CO2 absorption processes. Particularly, the absorption capacity, absorption rate, and heat of absorption of CO2 are major factors that affect the CO2 absorption and stripping performance. A comparison study of the aqueous piperazine (PZ), 2-methylpiperazine (2-MPZ), homopiperazine (HomoPZ), and hexamethylenediamine (HMDA) solutions was conducted in this study. Absorption capacities and heats of absorption of these diamine solutions were measured using a semibatch-type reactor and a differential reaction calorimeter (DRC). The species distributions of the absorbents were investigated using a nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR), and the CO2 absorption mechanism was also discussed. Aqueous PZ and PZ derivative solutions (2-MPZ and HomoPZ) displayed excellent characteristics as CO2 absorbents. Aqueous 10 wt % PZ and PZ derivative solutions had higher absorption capacities and lower heats of absorption than that of aqueous 10 wt % monoethanolamine (MEA) at 313 K (−ΔHabs of the CO2-saturated PZ, 2-MPZ, HomoPZ, and MEA solutions: 62, 58, 68, and 80 kJ/mol CO2).
Hepatic macrophage migration and differentiation critical for liver fibrosis is mediated by the chemokine receptor C-C motif chemokine receptor 8 in mice (2011)

CCR8 critically mediates hepatic macrophage recruitment upon injury, which subsequently shapes the inflammatory response in the injured liver, affecting macrophage/DC and Th differentiation. CCR8 deficiency protects the liver against injury, ameliorating initial inflammatory responses and hepatic fibrogenesis. Inhibition of CCR8 or its ligand, CCL1, might represent a successful therapeutic target to limit liver inflammation and fibrosis progression.
Rediscovery of the New Guinea Big-eared Bat Pharotis imogene from Central Province, Papua New Guinea (2014)

The New Guinea Big-eared Bat Pharotis imogene has not been reported since the first and only specimens were collected in 1890 and the species was presumed extinct. We document the capture of one individual of the species from the coastal district of Abau, in Central Province, Papua New Guinea, 120 km east of the only previous known locality at Kamali. We recommend that field surveys be urgently undertaken to assess the conservation status of the species.
Single crystal thin films of conductive oxides SrRuO3 and ferroelectric heterostructures (1998)

Abstract We have grown epitaxial thin films of the conductive oxide SrRuO3 with well controlled surface morphology and domain structure using vicinal (001) SrTiO3 substrates. Scanning tunneling microscopy and x-ray diffraction show that the SrRuO3 thin films on miscut (001) SrTiO3 substrates with miscut angle > 2° grow by step flow in one direction leading to single crystal films. In contrast, the SrRuO3 thin films on exact (001) SrTiO3 substrates grow by two dimensional nucleation resulting in a two domain in-plane structure. The single crystal thin films have been used as electrodes for the growth of epitaxial ferroelectric PbTiO3 and PZT layers. The PbTiO3/SrRuO3 and PZT/SrRuO3 heterostructures have high crystalline quality, coherent interfaces and a cube-on-cube epitaxial growth with respect to the substrate. These epitaxial heterostructures have superior fatigue characteristics and look promising for the fabrication of integrated single crystal ferroelectric devices.
The paratransgenic sand fly: A platform for control of Leishmania transmission (2011)

Paratransgenic manipulation of P. argentipes appears feasible. Expression of leishmanicidal molecules via commensal bacteria commonly found at breeding sites of P. argentipes could render adult sand flies refractory to L. donovani infection.
ChemInform Abstract: Self‐Assembly Strategies for Integrating Light Harvesting and Charge Separation in Artificial Photosynthetic Systems (2010)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Performance Analysis and Efficient Implementation of Latency Insensitive Systems (2003)

This paper studies the performance of latency insensitive systems with limited queue size, in contrast with previous studies that assumed unlimited queue size. We obtain a tight theoretical performance upper bound of such systems. This paper also proposes an efficient implementation of latency insensitive systems. Experimental results show that our implementation can always reach the theoretical performance upper bound. The results also validate the claim that the upper bound acquired through our performance analysis is tight.
The Role of Oxygen in Intake and Exhaust on NO Emission, Smoke and BMEP of a Diesel Engine with EGR System (1980)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;EGR reduces NO emission, but increases smoke and decreases BMEP in diesel engines. This paper describes the relationships between these behaviors and the effect of decreased oxygen with EGR in direct injection, pre-chamber, and turbocharged diesel engines.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;The results indicate that the reduction of NO depends on decreasing the rate of the incoming oxygen. The increase in smoke and the decrease in BMEP is due to a reduced rate of exhaust oxygen. Also the reduction of NO is due to increased ambient humidity which can be explained by the decreased oxygen in the incoming charge.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;With these results, it becomes possible to predict the ratio of the reduction of NO emission, the increase in smoke and the decrease in BMEP.&lt;/div&gt;
Measurement of free, one-chain tissue-type plasminogen activator in human plasma with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay based on an active site-specific murine monoclonal antibody (1987)

An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for free tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA) in human blood was developed based on a murine monoclonal antibody directed against the active site of t-PA. The lower limit of sensitivity of the assay applied to plasma is 2 ng/mL for one- chain t-PA but only 100 ng/mL for two-chain t-PA. Free t-PA in plasma taken at rest was found in 6 of 21 healthy subjects (4.5 +/- 0.8 ng/mL, mean +/- SD) and increased to 14 +/- 7.0 ng/mL after venous occlusion in 18 of these individuals. A linear correlation between total t-PA and free t-PA was observed with r = 0.92 (n = 18) and a slope of 1.08, indicating that t-PA released from the vessel wall circulates in the blood as the one-chain form. In 16 of 18 patients with deep vein thrombosis, the increase of total t-PA antigen after venous occlusion was comparable to that observed in controls, but the free t-PA was significantly lower or undetectable. The present assay for free t-PA may be useful for the investigation of the release and inhibition of t- PA under physiological, pharmacological, or pathological conditions in humans.
A "Sprinkler" Vegetative Treatment System (2007)

Vegetative Treatment Systems have historically been a practice for the treatment and utilization of open lot livestock wastes. Use of these systems has been rejuvenated in recent years. A sprinkler vegetative treatment area (VTA) has been designed and developed as a proof of concept for addressing challenges experienced with small and medium Animal Feeding Operations. The focus of this paper is to report on the design, economics, challenges and the lessons learned on the development of this system. Cost data shows the cost of a sprinkler VTS to range between $31 to $63/head, compared to $51 to $170/head for a conventional holding pond system.
Attosecond Soft-X-Ray Spectroscopy in a Transition Metal Dichalcogenide (2019)

Information about the real-time response of carriers to optical fields is paramount to advance information processing or to understand the bottlenecks of light-matter interaction and energy harvesting. Transition-metal dichalcogenide (TMDC) compounds are an emerging class of materials with attractive structural and electronic properties that can be thinned to the 2D limit and TiS <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> is a paradigmatic example for a semi-metallic TMDC, since its electron mobility ranges between that of a metal and a semiconductor.
[The effects due to reduced coronary inflow and hypoxemia during myocardial ischemia]. (1992)

The events associated to myocardial ischemia result from 2 overlapping phenomena due to reduced blood flow (ischemia) and reduced O2 supply (hypoxemia). To distinguish these effects, 2 groups of isolated rat hearts were perfused through the aorta (Langendorff's method) with Krebs-Henseleit buffer, and were exposed for 20 min to hypoxemia or ischemia, matched in terms of the O2 supply (10% of baseline), with continuous monitoring of cardiac contractility, O2 uptake and lactate production. The developed pressure and the O2 uptake were similar in hypoxemic and ischemic hearts; heart rate, end-diastolic pressure and lactate production rate were higher in hypoxemia than in ischemia; the recovery from hypoxemia was less than that from ischemia, despite the same O2 supplies; treatment with superoxide dismutase and catalase, scavengers of the O2 derived free radicals, during hypoxemia, allowed hypoxemic hearts to recover as ischemic hearts. Therefore, the main determinant of the reperfusion injury is to be attributed to the low O2 supply rather than to the low coronary flow; part of the injury is due to free radicals; a substantial portion is mediated by the energy demand during the stress which was higher in hypoxemia than in ischemia.
Nesting ecology of hawksbill turtles, Eretmochelys imbricata, in an extreme environmental setting (2018)

Relatively few details of hawksbill turtle (Eretmochelys imbricata) nesting ecology exist within the Arabian Gulf. Moreover, little is known about how their nesting dynamics compare to nesting populations throughout the rest of the world. Due to the extreme environmental setting, nesting ecology of hawksbills in the Arabian Gulf is of significant interest to researchers and conservationists. The current research reports on a long-term tagging and monitoring program undertaken at Fuwairit beach, Qatar. To investigate nesting behavior, site surveys and tagging were employed from 2010 to 2016. Presence of nests and clutch sizes were confirmed by excavation. Over the entire study period, nesting hawksbills had a mean curved carapace length of 70.8 cm (SD±2.8). A total 187 nests were confirmed, which contained a mean 78.9 eggs per clutch (SD±17.1), over an annual nesting season that lasted an average of 52.2 days (SD±6.3) from the start of April to the start of June. Meta-analysis with other global regions showed these characteristics to be significantly reduced when compared to nesting hawksbills from other populations. Meteorological data analysis showed air temperatures in the Arabian Gulf to increase on average 13.2°C (SD±0.26) from start to the end of nesting annually, which is significantly greater than other global nesting regions. Their smaller body size and reduced fecundity coupled with the extreme change in ambient air temperatures support the hypothesis that hawksbills in the region are more at risk than the already critically endangered hawksbill populations elsewhere in the world.
Roadmap for Deployment of Modularized Hydrothermal Liquefaction: Understanding the Impacts of Industry Learning, Optimal Plant Scale, and Delivery Costs on Biofuel Pricing (2022)

Hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) is a promising technology for converting abundant organic wastes into fuels. Previous techno-economic analyses (TEAs) of HTL have been used to estimate the minimum fuel selling price (MFSP) of biofuel products, but these analyses often assume a bespoke plant design where each plant operates under unique process conditions and neglect transportation costs. However, transportation costs must be included in realistic TEAs, and further, a mass-produced fixed-scale modular plant design approach may be more effective than case-by-case plant design, provided that there is sufficient market capacity to benefit from modularization. This study estimates fuel price behavior in the presence of transportation costs and benefits stemming from modular plant design. This analysis indicates that a modular process capable of handling 60 dry tons per day (DTPD) is optimal, resulting in a ∼25% reduction in MFSP (from $4.70/GGE, fully upgraded) at complete market feedstock utilization compared with case-by-case design. The associated cost reductions are attributable to learning benefits and modularization. Several HTL deployment “roadmaps” are then explored, with each roadmap consisting of different periods of case-by-case design followed by adoption of a modularized approach. A period of nonmodular industry growth up to market saturation of ∼7% followed by implementation of modular plant design strikes a balance between the investment risk and learned cost reductions associated with modular plant design. However, if bespoke plants built during this period of nonmodular growth saturate more than 23% of available feedstock, learned cost reductions are significantly diminished. This study points to the potential benefits of modularized and decentralized waste-to-energy processes when the modularization follows an optimal deployment strategy.
A Low Complexity Technique for Reducing PAPR in UF-OFDM Using a Modified Harmony Search Algorithm (2021)

Universal Filtered Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (UF-OFDM) is one of the main candidate wave-form for the next generation of mobile communication due to its advantages in terms of spectral efficiency and the robustness against frequency offsets and Doppler spread. UF-OFDM suffers from the problem of having a high Peak to Average Power Ratio (PAPR) compared to conventional OFDM systems. Therefore, the development of efficient PAPR reduction methods is crucial. In this paper, we apply the Partial Transmit Sequence (PTS) method to reduce the PAPR in UF-OFDM systems as it does not suffer from spectral regrowth; also it does not impact the Bit Error Rate (BER). Due to the computational complexity of PTS, the Harmony Search Algorithm (HSA) is proposed where the proposed HSA will save about 84% of complexity compared with the conventional PTS. Moreover, a novel “adaptive HSA” technique is presented that gives the same performance as HSA with PTS while it saves about 48.3% in run time.
Diffusion, spread, and migration of botulinum toxin (2013)

Botulinum toxin (BoNT) is an acetylcholine release inhibitor and a neuromuscular blocking agent used for the treatment of a variety of neurologic and medical conditions. The efficacy and safety of BoNT depends on accurate selection and identification of intended targets but also may be determined by other factors, including physical spread of the molecule from the injection site, passive diffusion, and migration to distal sites via axonal or hematogenous transport. The passive kinetic dispersion of the toxin away from the injection site in a gradient-dependent manner may also play a role in toxin spread. In addition to unique properties of the various BoNT products, volume and dilution may also influence local and systemic distribution of BoNT. Most of the local and remote complications of BoNT injections are thought to be due to unwanted spread or diffusion of the toxin's biologic activity into adjacent and distal muscles. Despite widespread therapeutic and cosmetic use of BoNT over more than three decades, there is a remarkable paucity of published data on the mechanisms of distribution and its effects on clinical outcomes. The primary aim of this article is to critically review the available experimental and clinical literature and place it in the practical context.