gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Abstract WMP104: Sub-Acute Diffusion-Weighted MRI Lesions in Acute Intracerebral Hemorrhage Patients are Unrelated to Blood Pressure (2018)

Introduction: Diffusion-Weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DWI) studies have demonstrated sub-acute ischemic lesions in up to 41% of patients with intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). Retrospective studies indicated an association with acute blood pressure (BP) reduction. We conducted a prospective study of DWI lesion incidence in ICH patients. Methods: Patients with computed tomography (CT) scan confirmed ICH were prospectively recruited within 6 hours of symptom onset. Acute systolic BP (SBP) targets were randomly assigned as part of an ongoing trial. The SBP target remained blinded for this analysis. Patients were assessed with serial DWI at 48 hours. Results: Eighty-three patients (48.2% male, mean±SD age 71.9±13.4) were enrolled. MRI was obtained in 42 patients. (11 patients were medically unstable, 11 refused consent, 19 died or were treated palliatively prior to the first MRI). Median (IQR) acute hematoma volume of the patients undergoing magnetic resonance imaging was 14.11 (4.40, 38.06) ml. Median baseline NIHSS score was 12.50 (9, 20). Median (IQR) 48 hour hematoma volume was 23.30 (9.10, 65.30) ml. DWI lesions were present in 13 (31%) of patients at 48 hours (median time to scan 54.22 (39.83, 65.5) hours). Mean SBP at 48 hours in patients with lesions (154.55±27.02 mmHg) was similar to those without (149.04±27.02; p = 0.514). Systolic BP at the time of the MRI was not a predictor of ischemic lesion development at 48 hours (OR=1.015, [0.972, 1.059], p =0.507), nor was the change in BP between baseline and the scan (OR=0.994, [0.962, 1.027], p =0.716). The only predictor of 48 hour DWI incidence was hematoma volume at 48 hours (OR= 1.025, 95% CI [1.001, 1.050], p =0.044). Discussion: When enrolled prospectively within 6 hours of onset, DWI was obtained in approximately half of all ICH patients. This selection bias may be relevant to the results of both retrospective and prospective DWI studies. This study demonstrated no evidence of a relationship between actual BP achieved and DWI incidence after ICH.
Electric and Magnetic Fields of Domestic Microwave Ovens Quantified Under Different Conditions (1995)

Considerable work is being carried out to quantify the electric and magnetic fields generated by high voltage transmission lines and other electrical appliances and devices. This paper deals with the electric and magnetic fields produced by microwave ovens under different circumstances. At a distance of 2 cm from the unshielded ovens one can observe electric and magnetic fields up to 20 kV m-1 and 500/I respectively. With shielded ovens the electric field is completely reduced while the magnetic field is about five times lower. When ovens operate under ungrounded conditions the magnitude of the electric field reaches 1.2 kV m-1.Though under some circumstances both fields obviously can be high, their magnitude however decreases rapidly with distance.
Improved Bounds on the Threshold Gap in Ramp Secret Sharing (2019)

In this paper, we consider linear secret sharing schemes over a finite field F <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">q</sub> , where the secret is a vector in Fℓ <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">q</sub> and each of the n shares is a single element of F <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">q</sub> . We obtain lower bounds on the so-called threshold gap g of such schemes, defined as the quantity r-t where r is the smallest number such that any subset of r shares uniquely determines the secret and t is the largest number such that any subset of t shares provides no information about the secret. Our main result establishes a family of bounds which are tighter than previously known bounds for ℓ ≳ 2 . Furthermore, we also provide bounds, in terms of n and q , on the partial reconstruction and privacy thresholds, a more fine-grained notion that considers the amount of information about the secret that can be contained in a set of shares of a given size. Finally, we compare our lower bounds with known upper bounds in the asymptotic setting.
Variation in SLC19A3 and Protection From Microvascular Damage in Type 1 Diabetes (2015)

The risk of long-term diabetes complications is not fully explained by diabetes duration or long-term glycemic exposure, suggesting the involvement of genetic factors. Because thiamine regulates intracellular glucose metabolism and corrects for multiple damaging effects of high glucose, we hypothesized that variants in specific thiamine transporters are associated with risk of severe retinopathy and/or severe nephropathy because they modify an individual's ability to achieve sufficiently high intracellular thiamine levels. We tested 134 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in two thiamine transporters (SLC19A2/3) and their transcription factors (SP1/2) for an association with severe retinopathy or nephropathy or their combination in the FinnDiane cohort. Subsequently, the results were examined for replication in the DCCT/EDIC and Wisconsin Epidemiologic Study of Diabetic Retinopathy (WESDR) cohorts. We found two SNPs in strong linkage disequilibrium in the SLC19A3 locus associated with a reduced rate of severe retinopathy and the combined phenotype of severe retinopathy and end-stage renal disease. The association for the combined phenotype reached genome-wide significance in a meta-analysis that included the WESDR cohort. These findings suggest that genetic variations in SLC19A3 play an important role in the pathogenesis of severe diabetic retinopathy and nephropathy and may explain why some individuals with type 1 diabetes are less prone than others to develop microvascular complications.
Decay resistance of sapwood and heartwood of untreated and thermally modified Scots pine and Norway spruce compared with some other wood species (2009)

Abstract Thermal modification has been developed for an industrial method to increase the biological durability and dimensional stability of wood. In this study the effects of thermal modification on resistance against soft- and brown-rot fungi of sapwood and heartwood of Scots pine and Norway spruce were investigated using laboratory test methods. Natural durability against soft-rot microfungi was determined according to CEN/TS 15083-2 (2005) by measuring the mass loss and modulus of elasticity (MOE) loss after an incubation period of 32 weeks. An agar block test was used to determine the resistance to two brown-rot fungi using two exposure periods. In particular, the effect of the temperature of the thermal modification was studied, and the results were compared with results from untreated pine and spruce samples. The decay resistance of reference untreated wood species (Siberian larch, bangkirai, merbau and western red cedar) was also studied in the soft-rot test. On average, the soft-rot and brown-rot tests gave quite similar results. In general, the untreated heartwood of pine was more resistant to decay than the sapwood of pine and the sapwood and heartwood of spruce. Thermal modification increased the biological durability of all samples. The effect of thermal modification seemed to be most effective within pine heartwood. However, very high thermal modification temperature over 230°C was needed to reach resistance against decay comparable with the durability classes of “durable” or “very durable” in the soft-rot test. The brown-rot test gave slightly better durability classes than the soft-rot test. The most durable untreated wood species was merbau, the durability of which could be evaluated as equal to the durability class “moderately durable”.
Oscillatory behaviour of the RBF-FD approximation accuracy under increasing stencil size (2023)

When solving partial differential equations on scattered nodes using the Radial Basis Function generated Finite Difference (RBF-FD) method, one of the parameters that must be chosen is the stencil size. Focusing on Polyharmonic Spline RBFs with monomial augmentation, we observe that it affects the approximation accuracy in a particularly interesting way - the solution error oscillates under increasing stencil size. We find that we can connect this behaviour with the spatial dependence of the signed approximation error. Based on this observation we are then able to introduce a numerical quantity that indicates whether a given stencil size is locally optimal.
Optical coherence tomography as a means to characterize visual pathway involvement in multiple sclerosis (2018)

OCT provides insights into multiple sclerosis beyond the visual pathway. It is capable of quantifying the major pathological hallmarks of the disease, specifically inflammation and neuroaxonal degeneration. OCT, therefore, has the potential to become another mainstay in the monitoring of multiple sclerosis patients.
The malarial fever response—pathogenesis, polymorphism and prospects for intervention (1997)

It is estimated that over 200 million people each year suffer debilitating attacks of malarial fever, and roughly 2 million of these episodes are fatal. The fever is caused by tumour necrosis factor (TNF) and other pyrogenic cytokines that are released by the host immune system in response to products of schizont rupture. TNF has anti-parasitic properties but excessive TNF production is thought to play an important role in the pathogenesis of cerebral malaria. This review summarizes recent attempts to achieve molecular characterization of the parasite components that stimulate the host TNF response, and to define the host and parasite factors that affect the level of TNF production. Of particular interest are host polymorphisms that may regulate TNF gene expression, and naturally acquired antibodies that prevent the parasite from inducing TNF, both of which correlate with the clinical severity of infection. Our understanding of these processes, which are potentially of considerable therapeutic relevance, remains very limited at both the molecular and the epidemiological level.
IL-13 and IL-4 inhibit bone resorption by suppressing cyclooxygenase-2-dependent prostaglandin synthesis in osteoblasts (1996)

Activated T cells secrete the cytokine IL-13, which regulates inflammatory and immune responses. To explore the role of IL-13 in bone metabolism, we examined the effects of the cytokine on bone resorption and PG synthesis in osteoblasts. IL-13 suppressed the bone-resorbing activity stimulated by IL-1 alpha, which was determined by the release of 45Ca from prelabeled mouse long bones. Histologic examinations revealed that IL-1 alpha markedly stimulated bone resorption with increased osteoclast recruitment, and that the simultaneous addition of IL-13 considerably inhibited it. The gamma-chain of IL-2 receptors may be functionally involved in the signal transduction of not only IL-2, but also IL-4, IL-7, and IL-13. Of these cytokines, IL-4 similarly suppressed IL-1 alpha-induced bone resorption, but IL-2 and IL-7 did not. Both IL-13 and IL-4 inhibited PGE2 production stimulated by IL-1 alpha in long bone cultures. Suppression of IL-1 alpha-induced bone resorption by IL-13 and IL-4 was recovered by adding exogenous PGE2 to the long bone cultures. Neither IL-4 nor IL-13 further inhibited IL-1 alpha-induced bone resorption in the presence of indomethacin. To examine the effects of IL-13 on PG synthesis, we measured the mRNA levels of cytosolic phospholipase A2 (cPLA2), constitutively expressed cyclooxygenase (COX-1) and inducible COX (COX-2) in mouse osteoblast-like cells. IL-1 alpha markedly stimulated the mRNA expression of COX-2, but not that of COX-1. Both IL-13 and IL-4 dose-dependently suppressed the IL-1 alpha-induced stimulation of both COX-2 mRNA expression and PGE2 synthesis. A small increase (1.7-fold) in cPLA2 mRNA levels was detected in the cultures with IL-1 alpha, but the expression was not affected by IL-13 or IL-4. These results indicated that IL-13 and IL-4 inhibit bone resorption by suppressing COX-2-dependent PG synthesis in osteoblasts.
Survivable Cloud Network Design Against Multiple Failures Through Protecting Spanning Trees (2016)

Survivable design of cross-layer networks, such as the cloud computing infrastructure, lies in its resource deployment and allocation and mapping of the logical (virtual datacenter/IP) network into the physical infrastructure [cloud backbone/wavelength division multiplexing (WDM)] such that link or node failure(s) in the physical infrastructure would not result in cascading failures in the logical network. Most of the prior approaches for survivable cross-layer network design aim at single-link failure scenario, which are not applicable to the more challenging multifailure scenarios. Also, as many of these approaches use the cross-layer cut concept, enumeration of all cuts in the network is required and thus introducing exponential number of constraints. To overcome these difficulties, we investigate, in this paper, survivable mapping approaches against multiple physical link failures and its special case, shared risk link group (SRLG) failure. We present the necessary and sufficient conditions based on both cross-layer spanning trees and cutsets to guarantee a survivable mapping when multiple physical link failures occur. Based on the necessary and sufficient conditions, we propose to solve the problem through: mixed-integer linear programs that avoid enumerating all combinations of link failures; and an algorithm that generates/adds logical spanning trees sequentially. Our simulation results show that the proposed approaches can produce survivable mappings effectively against both k- and SRLG-failures.
Reversible Self‐Assembly of Terpyridine‐Functionalized Graphene Oxide for Energy Conversion (2013)

Terpyridine-functionalized graphene oxides were prepared for self-assembly into 3D architectures with various metal ions (e.g., Fe, Ru). The resulting electrode materials showed significantly improved electroactivities for efficient energy conversion and storage. They showed promise for application in the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), photocurrent generation, and supercapacitance.
Modeling the neuro-mechanics of human balance when recovering from a fall: a continuous-time approach (2020)

This paper presents the analysis of the non-linear system of differential equations representing the control of lumped muscle-tendon units. It utilizes motion capture measurements to obtain the estimates of the system's control parameters by constructing a simple time-dependent regressor for estimating the time-varying parameters of the control with a single perturbation. This work is a step forward into the understanding of the neuro-mechanical control parameters of human recovering from a fall. In previous literature, the analysis is either restricted to the first vibrational mode of an inverted-pendulum model or assumed to be time-invariant. The proposed method allows for the analysis of hip related movement for stability control and highlights the importance of core training.
<title>Recent progress in artificial vision</title> (1991)

Previous research suggests that direct electrical stimulation of the visual cortex with an array of electrodes may be a viable means to provide a limited restoration of a lost visual sense to the profoundly blind. More recent work indicates that this goal may only be achieved by passing currents into the cortex via arrays of electrodes which penetrate into the visual cortex. An electrode array possessing a unique three dimensional architecture is described which could form the cornerstone of an 'artificial vision system'. A system for inserting such complex structures into cortical tissues is also described. Finally, estimates are made regarding the extent of visually guided task performance which may be expected from the limited, pixelized visual sense which could be produced with an artificial vision system.
Regular Macromolecular Rotaxane (2016)

This document provides (i) definitions of terms related to macromolecular rotaxanes and macromolecular pseudorotaxanes and (ii) recommendations for naming these macromolecular assemblies. The nomenclature recommendations presented here have been developed by combining the nomenclature rules for the low-molar-mass (low-M) rotaxanes and those for macromolecules (both established in published IUPAC recommendations) in such a way that the developed nomenclature system provides unambiguous names for macromolecular rotaxanes (and pseudorotaxanes), including differentiation among various isomers of these supramolecular assemblies. Application of the nomenclature recommendations is illustrated using examples covering a wide range of structure types of macromolecular rotaxanes and pseudorotaxanes. An Alphabetical Index of Terms and a List of Abbreviations and Prefixes are included.
Cartilaginous Tissue Formation with an Elastic PLCL Scaffold and Human Adipose Tissue-Derived Stromal Cells (2007)

In cartilage tissue engineering, as a cell source, adult stem cells are very attractive for clinical applications. Recent studies suggest that human adipose tissue-derived stromal cells (ASCs) have multilineage potential similar to bone marrow-derived stromal cells (BMSCs). ASCs are obtained from adipose tissue easily isolated by suction-assisted lipectomy in various body parts. Also, as one of major factors of cartilage tissue engineering, scaffolds have an important role in cartilage formation. Poly(L-lactide-co-ε-carprolactone) scaffolds have physiological activity, biodegradability, high cell affinity, and mechano-activity. The object of this study is cartilaginous tissue formation using highly elastic PLCL scaffolds and ASCs in vitro and in vivo. Poly(L-lactide-co-ε-carprolactone) copolymers were synthesized from lactide and ε-carprolactone in the presence of stannous octoate as catalyst. The scaffolds with 85% porosity and 300-500μm pore size were fabricated by gel-pressing method. ASCs were seeded on scaffolds and cultured for 21days in vitro. Cell/polymer constructs were characterized by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction for confirming differentiation to chondrocytes onto PLCL scaffolds. Also, for examining cartilaginous tissue formation in vivo, ASCs seeded scaffolds which were induced chondrogenesis for 2 weeks were implanted in nude mice subcutaneously for up to 8weeks. Histological studies showed that implants partially developed cartilaginous tissue within lacunae. And there was an accumulation of sulfated glycoaminoglycans. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that implants were positively stained for specific extracellular matrix. These results indicate that ASCs and PLCL scaffols could be used to cartilage tissue engineering.
Method for rapid prototyping of societal information systems (2012)

We first define and explain the notions of rapid prototyping and societal information systems. Thereafter we introduce a design method appropriate for designing and rapid prototyping of societal information systems — agent-oriented modeling. Following, we describe a “proof-of-concept” case study of applying agent-oriented modeling to rapid prototyping of a societal information system for finding an appropriate physician. In the description, we first present analysis models and then show how they can be mapped to the respective design models. Finally, we explain how the resulting design constructs can be turned into the programming constructs of NetLogo for rapid prototyping. The article finishes by drawing conclusions on designing societal information systems.
Dietary cholesterol withdrawal reduces vascular inflammation and induces coronary plaque stabilization in miniature pigs (2002)

Cholesterol lowering induced coronary plaque stabilization as evidenced by a decrease in lipids, ox-LDL, macrophages, apoptosis and cell proliferation, and an increase in differentiated SMC and collagen. Increased migration and decreased apoptosis of SMC may contribute to the disappearance of the a-cellular core after lipid lowering.
DNA relatedness among the pathovars of Pseudomonas syringae and description of Pseudomonas tremae sp. nov. and Pseudomonas cannabina sp. nov. (ex Sutic and Dowson 1959) (1999)

A total of 48 pathovars of Pseudomonas syringae and eight related species were studied by DNA-DNA hybridization (S1 nuclease method) and ribotyping. The existence of nine discrete genomospecies was indicated. Genomospecies 1 corresponded to P. syringae sensu stricto and included P. syringae pathovars syringae, aptata, lapsa, papulans, pisi, atrofaciens, aceris, panici, dysoxyli and japonica. Genomospecies 2 included P. syringae pathovars phaseolicola, ulmi, mori, lachrymans, sesami, tabaci, morsprunorum, glycinea, ciccaronei, eriobotryae, mellea, aesculi, hibisci, myricae, photiniae and dendropanacis and nomenspecies Pseudomonas savastanoi, Pseudomonas ficuserectae, Pseudomonas meliae and Pseudomonas amygdali, which are thus synonymous. P. amygdali is the earliest valid name for this genomospecies. Genomospecies 3 included P. syringae pathovars tomato, persicae, antirrhini, maculicola, viburni, berberidis, apii, delphinii, passiflorae, philadelphi, ribicola and primulae. We recommend strain CFBP 2212 of P. syringae pv. tomato to serve as the type strain. Genomospecies 4 included 'Pseudomonas coronafaciens' and P. syringae pathovars porri, garcae, striafaciens, atropurpurea, oryzae and zizaniae and corresponds to 'P. coronafaciens'. Genomospecies 5 included P. syringae pv. tremae and corresponds to Pseudomonas tremae sp. nov. Genomospecies 6 included Pseudomonas viridiflava and the presently misidentified pathotype strains of P. syringae pv. ribicola and P. syringae pv. primulae and thus corresponds to P. viridiflava. Genomospecies 7 included P. syringae pv. tagetis and P. syringae pv. helianthi. We recommend strain CFBP 1694 of P. syringae pv. tagetis to serve as a reference strain. Genomospecies 8 included P. syringae pv. these and Pseudomonas avellanae and thus corresponds to P. avellanae. Genomospecies 9 included P. syringae pv. cannabina and corresponds to Pseudomonas cannabina sp. nov. Ribotyping (SmaI and HincII endonucleases) could separate seven of the nine genomospecies. The unnamed genomospecies 3 and 7 will be named when phenotypic data are available for identification. Two species are described, P. tremae sp. nov. and P. cannabina sp. nov. Other species will be named when phenotypic data are available for identification.
The influence of the biomechanical parameters of the hip on the outcome of treatment of hips subject to avascular necrosis of the femoral head. (2002)

We were interested in whether or not the biomechanical status of the hip influences the course of avascular necrosis of the femoral head. To investigate this, we used a computer aided system based on a three dimensional mathematical model for determining the stress distribution in the hip joint from standard anteroposterior rentgenographs (X-ray images) of both hips and pelvis. Based on the results of our study, we suggest that the biomechanical parameters of the hip play an important role in the outcome of treatment of hips affected by avascular necrosis of the femoral head.