gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Medicare Catastrophic Coverage Act: A Post-Mortem (1990)

Prologue: The saga of the Medicare Catastrophic Coverage Act from its initial unveiling in President Reagan's 1986 State of the Union address to its congressional repeal in November 1989 represents a remarkable chapter in the history of federal health policy making. The seeds of its destruction seemed to lie in the unwillingness of elderly individuals who already were protected against the economic consequences of catastrophic illness to accept a new tax that would have financed such coverage for the entire Medicare population. But this article that reports on the attitudes of elderly individuals indicates they had other reservations as well. Authors Tom Rice, Katherine Desmond, and Jon Gabel discuss the results of a survey of elderly individuals that sought their views about the Medicare catastrophic law nearly six months before Congress repealed the measure. The elderly's reluctance to accept a tax is clearly reflected in the survey results, as is their lack of knowledge about the law. Rice, an associate professor of health policy and administration at the University of North Carolina School of Public Health, recently completed a project for the Health Care Financing Administration on the impact that supplemental private health insurance coverage has on Medicare costs. He has studied the Medicare supplemental health insurance market for almost a decade. Rice spent the last year at the Physician Payment Review Commission during a sabbatical leave. Desmond is a candidate for a master of science degree in biostatistics at the University of North Carolina. She was previously employed by the Department of Health and Human Services, SRI International, and the Research Triangle Institute. Gabel, an economist, is the associate director for research at the Health Insurance Association of America (HIAA). Since Gabel joined the association in 1986,HIAA has sharply increased its commitment to health services research based on a belief that private interests can most effectively influence public policy making through analysis and data.
Reversible Wettability of Photoresponsive Fluorine-Containing Azobenzene Polymer in Langmuir−Blodgett Films (2001)

A polymer containing 3‘-[trifluoromethyl-4,3‘-dibenzoazo] dyes in the side chains has been synthesized, and a monolayer of this polymer has been transferred onto solid substrate by the Langmuir−Blodgett (LB) technique. The reversible processes of photoisomerization of the LB films induced by light are observed by UV−vis absorption spectra, in situ atomic force microscopy, and friction force microscopy. In addition, the physisorbed monolayers of the monomer of the polymer at liquid/solid interface are investigated by scanning tunneling microscopy. The films of the polymer show the reversible change of morphological and friction force responses under alternate UV (365 ± 10 nm) and visible (436 ± 10 nm) irradiation. The films also undergo reversible wettability changes with UV and visible light irradiation, which are directly confirmed by contact angle measurement. The largest photoinduced change of contact angle is 11 ± 1°. The larger value of the contact angles measured corresponds to films mainly composed of the trans isomers of the molecules. Evidence shows that the photoinduced surface energy changes have an important influence on the wettability changes.
On the AC magnetic susceptibility of spin-chains: Solitons in one-dimensional systems (2007)

It is shown that relatively simple phenomenological considerations of the motion of thermally activated solitons (kinks of various types) in single spin chains can explain and describe qualitatively and quantitatively the temperature and frequency behavior of magnetic susceptibility in ac magnetic fields. The comparison of experimental data and theoretical results allows one to estimate the number of solitons and “weak” places in correlation regions of a sample.
Un modèle de latéralisation cérébrale : la perception du chant chez les étourneaux (Sturnus vulgaris) (2001)

Chez l'homme, il existe une lateralisation cerebrale dans la production et dans la perception du langage parle. Parallelement, chez les oiseaux, il existe une lateralisation de la production du chant. Pour tenter de voir s'il existe aussi une lateralisation au niveau de la perception du chant, nous avons utilise une approche electrophysiologique chez des etourneaux sauvages. Ainsi, nous avons effectue des enregistrements multicellulaires de l'activite des neurones du champ L, aire auditive principale, lors de la diffusion de signaux sonores specifiques et non specifiques, et ceci dans les deux hemispheres du cerveau. Quatre oiseaux sur six montrent une specificite de l'hemisphere droit par rapport a l'hemisphere gauche, et les deux autres une specificite de l'hemisphere gauche par rapport a l'hemisphere droit. Cette specificite s'exprime par une legere difference de selectivite et surtout par une activation plus forte lors de la diffusion de sons specifiques. Bien que nous ne puissions pas preciser la nature du phenomene, et que les mecanismes impliques nous restent inconnus, l'asymetrie fonctionnelle que nous observons est reelle. Nos resultats suggerent que les deux hemispheres du cerveau des etourneaux percoivent et traitent les signaux specifiques de facon differente. Ils s'ajoutent aux nombreux paralleles existant deja entre le chant des oiseaux et le langage humain.
6 Problems in group theory motivated by cryptography (2020)

This is a survey of algorithmic problems in group theory, old and new, motivated by applications to cryptography.
Electric Field-Induced “Tentillar” Bridging of a Droplet Twin (2022)

Experimental investigations with high-speed imaging reveal that two unequal sized oppositely charged droplets suspended in an insulating oil can come in contact in an asymmetric manner under an electric field. The approaching poles of the droplets undergo asymmetric "cone-cone" to "cone-groove" deformations during noncoalescence under an electric field. Nonlinear three-dimensional simulations confirm the occurrence of a third "groove-groove" configuration at close proximity. A general linear stability analysis confirms the cone-cone to cone-groove transitions of the oil-water interfaces with decreasing thickness of the oil film. Experiments together with simulations confirm the bifurcation of the Taylor cone on the smaller droplet into a number of liquid "tentilla" bridges prior to contact with the bigger droplet. Simulations also predict that the length scales of the formation of such tentillar bridges from the initial Taylor cone match well with the predictions from the nonlinear bifurcation theory.
High-quality spatio-temporal rendering using semi-analytical visibility (2011)

We present a novel visibility algorithm for rendering motion blur with per-pixel anti-aliasing. Our algorithm uses a number of line samples over a rectangular group of pixels, and together with the time dimension, a two-dimensional spatio-temporal visibility problem needs to be solved per line sample. In a coarse culling step, our algorithm first uses a bounding volume hierarchy to rapidly remove geometry that does not overlap with the current line sample. For the remaining triangles, we approximate each triangle's depth function, along the line and along the time dimension, with a number of patch triangles. We resolve for the final color using an analytical visibility algorithm with depth sorting, simple occlusion culling, and clipping. Shading is decoupled from visibility, and we use a shading cache for efficient reuse of shaded values. In our results, we show practically noise-free renderings of motion blur with high-quality spatial anti-aliasing and with competitive rendering times. We also demonstrate that our algorithm, with some adjustments, can be used to accurately compute motion blurred ambient occlusion.
A Machine-Oriented Logic Based on the Resolution Principle (1965)

article Free Access Share on A Machine-Oriented Logic Based on the Resolution Principle Author: J. A. Robinson Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois and Rice University, Houston, Texas Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois and Rice University, Houston, TexasView Profile Authors Info & Claims Journal of the ACMVolume 12Issue 1pp 23–41https://doi.org/10.1145/321250.321253Published:01 January 1965Publication History 2,696citation6,808DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations2,696Total Downloads6,808Last 12 Months797Last 6 weeks75 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteeReaderPDF
A Grasp Planner Based On Inertial Properties (2006)

The future personal robot must be capable to work and take decisions in a dynamic human environment. One important capability of such a robot is manipulation. Grasp, as the beginning of any manipulation task is a key point. In this paper we present a grasp planner for manipulating real objects modeled by polyhedra. The algorithm is based on a random generation of grasp oriented by mass and inertial properties of the object. Recent techniques to filter and evaluate the quality of grasp are discussed.
Spectrum Sensing Under Illegal Spectrum Access Behaviors in Multiple Authorized Users Scenario (2021)

In this paper, we detect illegal spectrum access behaviors in the dynamic spectrum sharing of the cognitive wireless networks, in which multiple authorized users (AUs) work in the same channel. First, we detect whether there are users occupy the channel, and if the channel is occupied, then recognize whether there is the illegal user (IU) and infer the number of AUs roughly. In the light of the thorny challenge that legal spectrum utilization behaviors and illegal spectrum access behaviors coexist probabilistically, the spectrum sensing problem is formulated as a mathematical model of ternary hypothesis test. Moreover, when multiple AUs are working at the same time, it is extremely difficult to detect IU. To tackle the problem, taking into account the various potential combinations of AUs and IU, we exploit a two-step detector and derive related detection schemes based on the generalized likelihood ratio test (GLRT), the Rao test, and the Wald test following the generalized multi-hypothesis Neyman-Pearson (GMNP) criterion respectively. Additionally, we design a cooperative spectrum sensing (CSS) scheme on the basis of the global GMNP criteria, in which the distributed detection framework composed of <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${K}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> sensing nodes and a fusion center (FC). Finally, to verify the performance of the proposed detection scheme in a variety of parameter configurations, we provide comprehensive simulations and find that there will be at most <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$({{2^{N}}-1})$ </tex-math></inline-formula> detection valleys when <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${N}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> AUs work at the same time. Compared with single-sensing node detection, the CSS scheme can significantly improve the detection performance of the proposed detection schemes, especially in the upper bound and valley of the detection performance.
Vision system sorts castings at General Motors Canada (1982)

The first production implementation of the General Motors Consight vision system at the St. Catherines, Ontario, foundry is successfully sorting up to six different castings at up to 1,400 an hour from a belt conveyor using three industrial robots in a harsh manufacturing environment.
An approach to a virtual learning environment through a game (2007)

The traditional notion of a learning environment has expanded to cover virtual spaces. Today, these extremely popular virtual learning environments are often network-based and readily accessible to a certain group of students. These considerations have inspired the present project that has produced a 3D virtual learning environment with the aim of providing a space for learning activities. The games designed for this space offer challenges the players try to solve as a team. They emphasize group work skills, group interaction, and cooperation in various conflict situations that have to be negotiated inside the virtual world. Historical information plays a key role in gameplay and thus the learning experience is integrated into the events of the games, making learning fun. The environment does not contain violent or destructive elements, and therefore it is suitable for children of all ages and both sexes.
Relationship between neutrophil lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and MDSC concentration in localized and metastatic castration resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) patients. (2018)

338 Background: Human Myeloid Derived Suppressor Cells (MDSCs) have gained recognition as a significant population of cells that arise in cancer patients to mediate immune tolerance. MDSCs have been validated as a prognostic factor in several tumor types. The Neutrophil-Lymphocyte Ratio (NLR) is an easily obtained marker of inflammation that has also been validated as a prognostic marker in tumors including prostate cancer. We measured and compared MDSC concentrations and NLR in a cohort of patients with prostate cancer and also examined thier relationship with PSA Progression, a validated marker of overall survival. Methods: Blood was collected from patients with localized prostate cancer (n = 14) and mCRPC (n = 44) at 0 and 6 months. The percent CD33+ HLA-DRlow HIF1a+, CD33+ HLADRlow C/EBPb+, CD11b+ HLA-DRlow HIF1a+, and CD11b+ HLA-DRlow C/EBPb+cells as a fraction of PBMC were determined and reported. NLRs were obtained within 4 weeks of MDSC measurements. Patients were followed for a period of 2 years; PSA-Progression (PSA-P) was defined as a PSA doubling time of &lt; 3 months in association with an increase of at least &gt; 5ng/mL from PSA nadir Results: Higher Gleason scores were statistically associated with a NLR of greater than 2 (r = 0.07, p = 0.02, 95% CI [0.01-0.14]). Increasing MDSC% did not correlate with increasing Gleason scores (r = 0.13, p = 0.31) or predict PSA-P at 6 months (p = 0.16). MDSC% in patients with mCRPC (4.25%, 95% CI[3.34-5.17]) were significantly higher than localized prostate cancer (1.7%, 95% CI[1.02-2.37]) . There was a highly statistically significant relationship between the percentage of MDSC in PBMC with the neutrophil lymphocyte ratio (r = 0.68, p = 0.001, 95% CI [0.31-1.05]). Conclusions: MDSC concentrations in metastatic prostate cancer patients are significantly higher than those with localized disease and are associated with an increased neutrophil lymphocyte ratio. Although a trend was detected towards MDSC% predicting PSA-P, in this limited sample it was not statistically significant.
Are existing procedures enough? Image and video quality assessment: review of subjective and objective metrics (2007)

Images and videos are subject to a wide variety of distortions during acquisition, digitizing, processing, restoration, compression, storage, transmission and reproduction, any of which may result in degradation in visual quality. That is why image quality assessment plays a major role in many image processing applications. Image and video quality metrics can be classified by using a number of criteria such as the type of the application domain, the predicted distortion (noise, blur, etc.) and the type of information needed to assess the quality (original image, distorted image, etc.). In the literature, the most reliable way of assessing the quality of an image or of a video is subjective evaluation [1], because human beings are the ultimate receivers in most applications. The subjective quality metric, obtained from a number of human observers, has been regarded for many years as the most reliable form of quality measurement. However, this approach is too cumbersome, slow and expensive for most applications [2]. So, in recent years a great effort has been made towards the development of quantitative measures. The objective quality evaluation is automated, done in real time and needs no user interaction. But ideally, such a quality assessment system would perceive and measure image or video impairments just like a human being [3]. The quality assessment is so important and is still an active and evolving research topic because it is a central issue in the design, implementation, and performance testing of all systems [4, 5]. Usually, the relevant literature and the related work present only a state of the art of metrics that are limited to a specific application domain. The major goal of this paper is to present a wider state of the art of the most used metrics in several application domains such as compression [6], restoration [7], etc. In this paper, we review the basic concepts and methods in subjective and objective image/video quality assessment research and we discuss their performances and drawbacks in each application domain. We show that if in some domains a lot of work has been done and several metrics were developed, on the other hand, in some other domains a lot of work has to be done and specific metrics need to be developed.
6b9b Encoding Scheme for Improving Single-Ended Interface Bandwidth and Reducing Power Consumption without Pin Count Increase (2007)

6b9b encoding scheme is proposed to effectively reduces single-ended interconnect. The noise reduction also translates into smaller silicon timing jitter numbers and additional system bandwidth. Moreover, this scheme also reduces active power consumption by 25%.
Tensile damage and its influence on the critical current of Bi2223/Ag superconducting composite tape (2003)

We have studied the tensile behaviour of Bi2223 superconducting composite tapes at room temperature, and the influence of the tensile damages introduced at room temperature on the critical current Ic and the n values at 77 K. In the measurement of the Ic and n values, the overall composite with a gauge length 60 mm was divided into six elements with a gauge length of 10 mm in order to find the correlation of the Ic and n values of the overall composite to those of the local elements which constitute the composite. From the measured stress–strain curve of the composite and the calculated residual strain of the Bi2223 filaments, the intrinsic fracture strain of Bi2223 filaments was estimated to be 0.09–0.12%. When the applied strain was lower than the onset strain of the filament damage, the original Ic and n values were retained both in the overall composite and the elements. In this situation, while the overall voltage at the transition from superconductivity to normal conductivity of the composite was the sum of the voltages of the constituent elements, among all elements the overall voltage was affected more by the element with the lower Ic (higher voltage). The damage of the filaments arose first locally, resulting in a reduction of the Ic and n values in the corresponding local element, even though the other elements retained the original Ic and n values. In this situation, the voltage of the overall composite stemmed dominantly from that of the firstly damaged weakest element, and the overall Ic and n values were almost determined by the values of such an element. After the local element was fully damaged, the damage arose also in other elements, resulting in segmentation of the filaments. Thus, the Ic and n values were reduced in all elements. The correlation of Ic between the overall composite and the elements could be described comprehensively for non-damaged and damaged states from the voltage–current relation.
Effects of Basic Fibroblast Growth Factor on Experimental Diabetic Neuropathy in Rats (2006)

Basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) stimulates angiogenesis and induces neural cell regeneration. We investigated the effects of bFGF on diabetic neuropathy in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Diabetic rats were treated with human recombinant bFGF as follows: 1) intravenous administration, 2) intramuscular injection into thigh and soleus muscles with cross-linked gelatin hydrogel (CGH), and 3) intramuscular injection with saline. Ten or 30 days later, the motor nerve conduction velocity (MNCV) of the sciatic-tibial and caudal nerves, sensitivity to mechanical stimuli, sciatic nerve blood flow (SNBF), and retinal blood flow (RBF) were measured. Delayed MNCV in the sciatic-tibial and caudal nerves, hypoalgesia, and reduced SNBF in diabetic rats were all ameliorated by intravenous administration of bFGF after 10, but not 30, days. Intramuscular injection of bFGF with CGH also improved sciatic-tibial MNCV, hypoalgesia, and SNBF after 10 and 30 days, but caudal MNCV was not improved. However, intramuscular injection of bFGF with saline had no significant effects. bFGF did not significantly alter RBF in either normal or diabetic rats. These observations suggest that bFGF could have therapeutic value for diabetic neuropathy and that CGH could play important roles as a carrier of bFGF.
8-GHz bandwidth 1.52-μm vapor phase transported InGaAsP lasers (1985)

Fiber-optic links using directly modulated semiconductor lasers and direct detection are attractive for communications and microwave signal transmission because of the small size, flexibility, large bandwidth, and low loss of optical fibers and because of the large bandwidths of semiconductor lasers1 and detectors. Many groups have pursued high-speed long-wavelength lasers where the fiber distance-bandwidth product is several orders of magnitude larger than at GaAlAs wavelengths.
Non-Cell-Autonomous Neurotoxicity in Parkinson’s Disease Mediated by Astroglial α-Synuclein (2019)

Non-cell-autonomous effects on neuronal cells are considered to be involved in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases but have yet to be mechanistically proven. In this issue of Stem Cell Reports, di Domenico et al. provide direct evidence that α-synuclein transferred from astrocytes exerts non-cell-autonomous neuronal dysfunction on dopaminergic neurons in Parkinson's disease (PD).
The Development of Efficient Protocols for the Palladium-Catalyzed Cyclization Reactions of Secondary Amides and Carbamates (1999)

[formula: see text] With the proper choice of palladium catalyst, ligand, and base, five-, six-, and seven-membered rings are formed efficiently from secondary amide or secondary carbamate precursors, offering significant improvements to currently existing methodology.
Design of highly-efficient wideband RF polar transmitters using Envelope-Tracking (ET) for mobile WiMAX/Wibro applications (2009)

This paper discusses both circuits and system design aspects of highly-efficient wideband RF polar transmitters for mobile WiMAX/Wibro applications using an open-loop envelope tracking (ET) technique. The design of linear-assisted switching envelope amplifier and monolithic SiGe class-E power amplifier (PA) is discussed, while the SPICE simulation results are compared with the measurement data. WiMAX/Wibro circuit and system co-design that include RF circuits and digital DSP blocks co-simulations suggest that the entire highly integrated ET-based transmit (TX) system can meet the stringent 802.16e mobile-WiMAX TX mask with 64QAM modulation and reach ∼33% peak system efficiency.