gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An Experimental Study of Information Markets (2002)

In this paper we experimentally compare the welfare efficiency of ‘information markets’ – markets where consumer information can be traded, to markets where no trade in information take place. Consumers face a loss in privacy when revealing personal information and take this loss into account before deciding to trade their information. The experimental setting allows us to set up agent incentives, and market institutions, so as to study different policy proposals regarding the use of personal information.
Use of Hydride‐Based Separation Materials for Organic Normal Phase Chromatography (2007)

Abstract The chromatographic properties of two hydride‐based stationary phases (a material with a hydride surface and one with a hydride surface modified by the addition of C18) are tested with several types of compounds that are typically retained in the organic normal phase (ONP) mode. Both phases display ONP retention, but to differing degrees. Various mobile phases are investigated, as well as some gradient elution profiles. Efficiency, peak shape, and reproducibility for the several solutes in both isocratic and gradient elution, as well as the effects of water in the mobile phase, are assessed.
THE GRAN SASSO MOTORWAY TUNNEL (1975)

THE TUNNEL TRAVERSES A TECTONIC FAULT FILLED WITH NON-COHESIVE CRUSHED MATERIAL WITH A VERY HIGH MOISTURE CONTENT (2 MPA). THE TECHNIQUE USED CONSISTED IN CONSOLIDATING THE TERRAIN WITH INJECTION BEFORE EXCAVATING. THE INJECTION (SILICATE GEL AND BENTONITE-CEMENT GROUT) WAS CARRIED OUT UNDER HIGH PRESSURE. THE ROCK WAS DRAINED IN THE IMMEDIATE VICINITY WITH A VIEW TO LOWERING THE HYDROSTATIC PRESSURE BEFORE STARTING THE DRILLING. INJECTION AND EXCAVATION OPERATIONS WERE CARRIED OUT IN SEVERAL STAGES BECAUSE OF THE DIMENSION OF THE TUNNEL CROSS-SECTION, THE FIRST STRUCTURE TO BE BUILT BEING A SMALL-DIAMETER GALLERY. THIS METHOD ENABLED THE ORIGINAL ALIGNMENT TO BE KEPT.
Purification and structure elucidation of three naturally bioactive molecules from the new terrestrialStreptomycessp. TN17 strain (2011)

Thirty litres of fermentation broth was extracted from the newly isolated Streptomyces sp. strain TN17 and various separation and purification steps led to the isolation of three pure bioactive compounds (1-3). Compound 1: cyclo (L-Leu-L-Arg), a diketopiperazine 'DKP' derivative; 2: di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate, a phthalate derivative; and 3: cyclo 1-[2-(cyclopentanecarbonyl-3-phenyl-propionyl]-pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid (1-carbamoyl-propyl)-amide, a cyclic tetrapeptide derivative. The chemical structure of these three active compounds was established on the basis of spectroscopic studies (MS and NMR) and by comparison with data from the literature. According to our biological studies, the pure compounds (1-3) possess antibacterial and antifungal activities.
Sparsity transform k‐t principal component analysis for accelerating cine three‐dimensional flow measurements (2012)

Time-resolved three-dimensional flow measurements are limited by long acquisition times. Among the various acceleration techniques available, k-t methods have shown potential as they permit significant scan time reduction even with a single receive coil by exploiting spatiotemporal correlations. In this work, an extension of k-t principal component analysis is proposed utilizing signal differences between the velocity encodings of three-directional flow measurements to further compact the signal representation and hence improve reconstruction accuracy. The effect of sparsity transform in k-t principal component analysis is demonstrated using simulated and measured data of the carotid bifurcation. Deploying sparsity transform for 8-fold undersampled simulated data, velocity root-mean-square errors were found to decrease by 52 ± 14%, 59 ± 11%, and 16 ± 32% in the common, external, and internal carotid artery, respectively. In vivo, errors were reduced by 15 ± 17% in the common carotid artery with sparsity transform. Based on these findings, spatial resolution of three-dimensional flow measurements was increased to 0.8 mm isotropic resolution with prospective 8-fold undersampling and sparsity transform k-t principal component analysis reconstruction. Volumetric data were acquired in 6 min. Pathline visualization revealed details of helical flow patterns partially hidden at lower spatial resolution.
Syphilitic orchitis mimicking a testicular tumor in a clinically occult HIV-infected young man: a case report with emphasis on a challenging pathological diagnosis (2016)

Syphilitic orchitis may present atypical and unusual histological features, and should be included in the differential diagnoses of nonspecific interstitial inflammatory lesions of the testes by pathologists, especially in immunocompromised patients.
ChemInform Abstract: Novel Synthetic Route to 2,3,4‐Trisubstituted 6‐Phenylpyridines. (1988)

Abstract Reaction of the ketones (III) with malononitrile (II) in the presence of the weak base piperidine yields the pyrancarbonitriles (I) whereas the pyridinecarbonitriles (V) are obtained from (III) and (II) in methanolic NaOH.
Design and Comparison of Segmentation Driven and Recognition Driven Devanagari OCR (2006)

We outline two different techniques for OCR of machine printed, multi-font Devanagari text. In the first design, words are segmented along linear boundaries. Subsequently, classification is performed with the assumption of accurate segmentation. The second approach uses classifiers to obtain preliminary hypothesis for each segment of the word. These results are used to guide further segmentation of certain pieces. While the former technique is segmentation driven, the latter method follows the paradigm of recognition driven segmentation. The two approaches are compared by using a standard data set
ChemInform Abstract: Separation, Identification, and Quantification of Carotenoids in Fruits, Vegetables, and Human Plasma by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (1991)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
РЕГУЛЯТОРЫ РОСТА РАСТЕНИЙ В РЯДУ ПРОИЗВОДНЫХ НИКОТИНОВОЙ КИСЛОТЫ PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS IN THE SERIES OF NICOTINIC ACID DERIVATIVES (2014)

PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS IN THE SERIES OF NICOTINIC ACID DERIVATIVES Кайгородова Елена Алексеевна д.х.н., профессор E-mail: e_kaigorodova@mail.ru Kaigorodova Elena Alekseevna Dr.Sci.Chem.., professor E-mail: e_kaigorodova@mail.ru Барчукова Алла Яковлевна к.с.-х.н., доцент Barchukova Alla Yakovlevna Cand.Agricult.Sci., associate professor Костенко Екатерина Сергеевна к.х.н., доцент Kostenko Ekaterina Sergeevna Cand.Chem.Sci., associate professor Чернышева Наталья Викторовна к.б.н., доцент Chernysheva Natalia Viktorovna Cand.Biol.Sci., associate professor Пестунова Светлана Анатольевна к.х.н., доцент Pestunova Svetlana Anatolevna Cand.Chem.Sci., associate professor Гераськина Татьяна Вадимовна студент Geraskina Tatyana Vadimovna student
Characterization of plasma membrane shedding from murine melanoma cells (1988)

Tumor cells release intact portions of their plasma membranes in the process of membrane fragment shedding. This released material has been shown to inhibit various synthetic functions of normal cells, which may play an important role in certain patho-physiological events occurring in advanced-stage cancer patients. Our studies on metastatic variants of the murine B16 melanoma, B16-F1 (low incidence of lung colonization) and B16-F10 (high incidence of lung colonization) indicate that the shed membrane fragment material is composed predominantly of vesicles, ranging in size from 20 to 100 nm in diameter. The release of membrane fragments represents a small percentage (approximately 16%) of the total shedding of plasma membrane components. Membrane fragments were shed at a higher rate from the highly "metastatic" (colonizing) B16-F10 cells than from poorly metastatic B16-F1 cells, resulting in a 2-fold greater accumulation of membrane fragment material by cultures of B16-F10 cells than by B16-F1 cultures during the 48-hr assay period. The study of various intracellu ar metabolic processes (protein and RNA synthesis, glycosylation, and generation of ATP) required for the shedding of membrane fragments indicated that the shedding event is only dependent on energy when inhibitors of the above processes are present for 2 hr. Treatment of cells with these inhibitors for 8 hr results in cessation of the shedding process, indicating both a limited pool of components to be shed and the requirement for further synthesis of the shed material. Glycoprotein components of the shed membrane fragments were analyzed by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. In addition to quantitative differences, 2 additional bands were present in fluorographs from SDS-PAGE gels from the B16-F10 membrane fragment material which were not present in fluorographs from B16-F1 fragments. The glycoprotein components of shed membrane fragments were shown to represent selected domains of the cell's plasma membranes, in that only certain plasma membrane glycoproteins are shed as part of membrane fragments. The glycoproteins released as non-particulate molecules into the extracellular environment failed to exhibit these quantitative and qualitative differences.
The Natural Product Phyllanthusmin C Enhances IFN-γ Production by Human NK Cells through Upregulation of TLR-Mediated NF-κB Signaling (2014)

Natural products are a major source for cancer drug development. NK cells are a critical component of innate immunity with the capacity to destroy cancer cells, cancer-initiating cells, and clear viral infections. However, few reports describe a natural product that stimulates NK cell IFN-γ production and unravel a mechanism of action. In this study, through screening, we found that a natural product, phyllanthusmin C (PL-C), alone enhanced IFN-γ production by human NK cells. PL-C also synergized with IL-12, even at the low cytokine concentration of 0.1 ng/ml, and stimulated IFN-γ production in both human CD56(bright) and CD56(dim) NK cell subsets. Mechanistically, TLR1 and/or TLR6 mediated PL-C's activation of the NF-κB p65 subunit that in turn bound to the proximal promoter of IFNG and subsequently resulted in increased IFN-γ production in NK cells. However, IL-12 and IL-15Rs and their related STAT signaling pathways were not responsible for the enhanced IFN-γ secretion by PL-C. PL-C induced little or no T cell IFN-γ production or NK cell cytotoxicity. Collectively, we identify a natural product with the capacity to selectively enhance human NK cell IFN-γ production. Given the role of IFN-γ in immune surveillance, additional studies to understand the role of this natural product in prevention of cancer or infection in select populations are warranted.
Quasicrystalline phases and rational approximants obtained from vapor deposited Al–Mn thin films (1990)

Thin films produced from Al86Mn14 alloy were heated in situ in the transmission electron microscope. The deposited films were amorphous and, after heating, two metastable phases are obtained. These phases are strongly related to the quasicrystalline phases and the vacancy-ordered superstructures. The analysis shows that these phases can be described as rational approximants of the decagonal phase. The relation between the quasicrystalline and long-period superstructures is also proposed.
ChemInform Abstract: α‐HALO‐β‐DICARBONYL COMPOUNDS. NOVEL CARBOXYL PROTECTING REAGENTS. HE APPLICATION TO THE SYNTHESIS OF CEPHALEXIN FROM PENICILLIN (1978)

Abstract In Gegenwart von Pyridiniumchlormethanphosphat wird (I) in (IIa) übergeführt, das nach Behandlung mit PCl 5 in CH 2 Cl 2 und Zugabe von Methanol (IIb) ergibt.
Oxidative Stability of ω3‐rich Camelina Oil and Camelina Oil‐based Spread Compared with Plant and Fish Oils and Sunflower Spread (2003)

ABSTRACT: The oxidative stability of ω3‐rich oil from Camelina sativa and the storage stability of a camelina oil‐based spread were evaluated. Camelina oil was more stable than fish oil and linseed oil, but less stable than sunflower, corn, sesame, and olive oils, indicated by measuring peroxide values (PV), ρ‐anisidine values (AV), total oxidation values (Totox), thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), conjugated diene levels (CD), and conjugated triene levels (CT) during storage at 65 °C for 16 d. The camelina oil‐based spread had higher PV, AV, Totox, TBARS, CD, and CT than the sunflower spread but maintained adequate sensory quality for 16 wk of storage at 4 °C or 8 °C.
Telemedicine in Urology Clinic in COVID Era and the Inherent Challenges in Developing Countries: Review Article (2020)

Since the start of the COVID-19 situation, social distancing has been adopted globally which has promoted the use of telemedicine technology. It is a virtual relationship between doctors and patients, so it requires the expectations of patients and physicians to be addressed. Patients’ privacy, maintaining safe communication and distance learning are equally important for running successful telemedicine programs. Other issues include access to this technology, its acceptability and the level of health literacy. In developing countries patients’ understanding of their disease and the longterm management is already lacking even in the ideal circumstances. When it comes to telemedicine interactions it becomes an even more difficult task. All these obstacles need attention in order to address patients’ concerns and maintain their satisfaction with the modality of telemedicine. Even developed world countries are learning with the passage of time as to how to deal with various obstacles in patient care in the current pandemic. A risk stratification approach is of paramount importance for any hospital department to carry on with uninterrupted and safe delivery of urological consultation services and local procedures. In this article we review recent telemedicine reports, outline the challenges faced by both healthcare providers and patients, and suggest best practices to overcome these challenges.
Redundant dopaminergic activity may enable compensatory axonal sprouting in Parkinson disease (2014)

Neurodegenerative diseases become clinically apparent only after a substantial population of neurons is lost. This raises the possibility of compensatory mechanisms in the early phase of these diseases. The importance of understanding these mechanisms cannot be underestimated because it may guide future disease-modifying strategies. Because the anatomy and physiology of the nigrostriatal dopaminergic pathways have been well described, the study of Parkinson disease can offer insight into these early compensatory mechanisms. Collateral axonal sprouting of dopaminergic terminals into the denervated striatum is the most studied compensatory mechanism in animal (almost exclusively rodent) models of Parkinson disease and is correlated with behavioral recovery after partial lesions. This sprouting, however, does not respect the normal anatomy of the original nigrostriatal pathways and leads to aberrant neuronal networks. We suggest here that the unique physiologic property of the dopaminergic innervation of the striatum, namely redundancy of information encoding, is crucial to the efficacy of compensatory axonal sprouting in the presence of aberrant anatomical connections. Redundant information encoding results from the similarity of representation of salient and rewarding events by many dopaminergic neurons, from the wide axonal field of a single dopaminergic neuron in the striatum, and from the nonspecific spatial effect of dopamine on striatal neurons (volume conductance). Finally, we discuss the relevance of these findings in animal models to human patients with Parkinson disease.
Protective Effects of Protegrin in Dextran Sodium Sulfate-Induced Murine Colitis (2019)

Cathelicidins, a class of antimicrobial peptides, have been widely studied for their antimicrobial role in innate immune responses during infection and inflammation. At sub-antimicrobial concentrations, various cathelicidins from different species have been reported to exert chemotactic activity on neutrophils, monocytes, dendritic cells and T-cells, and also enhance angiogenesis and wound healing. To date, the role of the pig cathelicidin, protegrin-1 (PG-1), in immune modulation and tissue repair in the intestinal tract has not been investigated. The aim of the present study was to examine the potential protective effects of recombinant PG-1 in a mouse dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis inflammation model. This is the first report showing the protective effects of PG-1 in its various forms (pro-, cathelin-, and mature-forms) in attenuating significant body weight loss associated with DSS-induced colitis (<i>p</i> < 0.05). PG-1 treatment improved histological scores (<i>P</i> < 0.05) and influenced the gene expression of inflammatory mediators and tissue repair factors such as trefoil factor 3 (TFF3) and mucin (MUC-2). Protegrin treatment also altered the metabolite profile, returning the metabolite levels closer to untreated control levels. These findings lay the foundation for future oral application of recombinant PG-1 to potentially treat intestinal damage and inflammation.
2155. Accelerated Confirmation of Porin Loss in Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacterales: A MALDI-TOF Mass Spectrometry-Based Approach (2019)

Abstract Background The accurate identification of carbapenem resistance mechanisms is decisive for the appropriate selection of antibiotic regimens. Numerous methods can detect carbapenemase-producing carbapenem-resistant bacteria (CPCR). However, non-CPCR (NCPCR) are routinely assumed to display porin loss as a diagnosis of exclusion. No further confirmatory tests are performed since the gold standard (sodium dodecylsulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, SDS–PAGE) is laborious and time consuming. We propose a test for rapid and easy detection of porin loss by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS). Methods Clinical meropenem-resistant Enterobacterales strains (10 CPCR, 10 NCPCR) and control strains recommended by EUCAST (5 carbapenemase-producing, one with porin loss, one-negative control) were analyzed. Membrane proteins were extracted by successive centrifugation of bacterial suspensions (McFarland 0.5) and addition of ethanol, formic acid and acetonitrile. MALDI-TOF MS of the protein extracts was performed on a 96-spot target (Bruker Daltonics, Germany). Peaks between 35 and 40 kDa were analyzed for the presence of porins and compared with the bands observed in the SDS–PAGE of the protein extracts. Results Within the molecular weight range of 35–40 kDa, the MALDI-TOF MS-based method revealed peaks in all CPCR isolates corresponding to those observed in the carbapenemase-producing control strains. In contrast, the control strain with porin loss as well as all CNCR isolates showed a lower quantity of peaks in this range. All peaks observed correlated with the bands observed in the SDS–PAGE of the protein extracts at the corresponding molecular weight (Figure 1). Conclusion Yielding results that reliably correspond to the current gold standard, we propose a method for accelerated detection of porin loss as an alternative to the diagnosis of exclusion usually made in routine settings. With a processing time of approximately 20 minutes, the method can be easily implemented in the clinical setting. Applying this MALDI-TOF MS-based approach, valuable information will be provided about a resistance mechanism that otherwise remains unexplained. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.
Monoclonal antibodies to denatured human ACE (CD 143), broad species specificity, reactivity on paraffin sections, and detection of subtle conformational changes in the C‐terminal domain of ACE (2003)

Two new mouse monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) were generated to denatured human angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE, CD143). The clones 2E2 and 3C5, each of the IgG1 kappa chain isotype, detect ACE with high sensitivity, respectively, at 20 ng and 2 ng of protein per lane in Western blotting. They both recognize different epitopes on the C-domain of ACE located between amino acid residues 740 and 992. In formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded human tissues, immunohistochemistry revealed all known expression sites of ACE, e.g. the epithelial brush borders of proximal kidney tubules, epithelial cells of epididymis, endothelial cells, activated macrophages as well as germ cells during spermatogenesis. In contrast to other mAbs to denatured human ACE, mAbs 2E2 and 3C5 demonstrate cross-reactivity with a broad spectrum of animal species such as monkey, rat, rabbit, cattle, dog, cat, and guinea pig. In addition, mAb 2E2 recognized mouse ACE in Western blotting and on paraffin sections. Our findings suggest that mAbs 2E2 and 3C5 are useful for identifying even subtle changes in ACE conformation resulting from denaturation. These mAbs are also sensitive tools for the detection of minimal amounts of ACE in biological fluids and tissues using proteomics approaches. Their reactivity in routinely processed tissues of various species may prove useful for correlation of ACE expression in animal models to human diseases.
Waveguided sources of consistent, single-temporal-mode squeezed light: the good, the bad, and the ugly (2023)

We study how variations in pump brightness, for identical profiles, affect the temporal-mode structure of squeezed states generated by three different waveguided sources. Double-pass structures give optimal results in terms of indistinguishability and spectral purity.
H-Bonding Tuned Self-Assembly of Phenylene–Thiophene–Thiophene–Phenylene Derivatives at Surfaces: Structural and Electrical Studies (2011)

Several physicochemical properties of molecular ensembles can be modulated by controlling intermolecular interactions. The design and synthesis of π-conjugated rodlike molecules exposing groups that can undergo H-bondings was exploited to develop materials featuring tunable 2D self-assembly at surfaces, thermal stability, order in micrometer-thick films, and electrical characteristics in organic field-effect transistors (OFETs). As a model system, we have chosen phenylene–thiophene–thiophene–phenylene derivatives with side groups exposing either COOH or COOMe moieties. The structure and dynamics within monolayers at the solid–liquid interface was explored by in-situ scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) experiments. The thermal behavior of the materials was investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The order in micrometer-thick films was studied by grazing-incidence small-angle X-ray scattering (GISAXS), whereas the electrical characteristics of the different systems were studied when self-assembled in thin films in a bottom-gate and bottom-contact field-effect transistor.
An Improved Routing Algorithm Based on Ant Colony Optimization in Wireless Sensor Networks (2017)

How to make efficient data routing in energy constrained wireless sensor networks (WSNs) is one of the key points. In order to find the optimal path of data transmission in the WSNs, a new routing algorithm based on ant colony algorithm is proposed. Using the improved heuristic function and considering the node communication transmission distance, transmission direction, and residual energy, an optimal path from the source node to the destination node can be found. Thus, the network energy consumption is reduced and the network lifetime is prolonged. Simulation results show that new ant algorithm can effectively save the energy of nodes and prolong the network lifetime.