gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Charge transfer in Sr Zintl template on Si(001) (2013)

The formation of the half monolayer (ML) Sr Zintl template layer on Si(001) is investigated in a combined experimental and theoretical work consisting of in situ reflection high energy electron diffraction, in situ x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and density functional theory. Starting with clean 2 × 1 reconstructed Si(001), we demonstrate that Sr deposition leads to a charge transfer from the metal to the Si substrate resulting in the disappearance of the asymmetry of Si dimers—an essential structural change that enables direct perovskite epitaxy on Si, and likely, other semiconductors. XPS reveals an unexpected shift to higher binding energy of the Si 2p core-level components, including the bulk. This unusual behavior is attributed to final state effects using first principles calculations. As measured by ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy, the deposition of 0.5 ML of Sr lowers the work function of the system by 1.35 eV, and is in good agreement with our theoretical calculations.
Compound A and carbon monoxide production from sevoflurane and seven different types of carbon dioxide absorbent in a patient model (2006)

In this patient model, we demonstrated that different types of absorbent produced small amounts of CA and CO or none at all. No relationship could be established between temperature and CA concentration.
Quadrature channels generation using two unmodulated DFB lasers for passive demodulation of multiplexed interferometric sensors (2022)

A novel passive demodulation approach of relatively long multiplexed interferometers based on two-channel correlation reflectometer is proposed. Quadrature channels generation and demultiplexing of interferometers is achieved using DFB diode lasers and correlation post-processing of signals.
Novel Molecular Markers of Malignancy in Histologically Normal and Benign Breast (2011)

To detect the molecular changes of malignancy in histologically normal breast (HNB) tissues, we recently developed a novel 117-gene-malignancy-signature. Here we report validation of our leading malignancy-risk-genes, topoisomerase-2-alpha (TOP2A), minichromosome-maintenance-protein-2 (MCM2) and "budding-uninhibited-by-benzimidazoles-1-homolog-beta" (BUB1B) at the protein level. Using our 117-gene malignancy-signature, we classified 18 fresh-frozen HNB tissues from 18 adult female breast cancer patients into HNB-tissues with low-grade (HNB-LGMA; N = 9) and high-grade molecular abnormality (HNB-HGMA; N = 9). Archival sections of additional HNB tissues from these patients, and invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) tissues from six other patients were immunostained for these biomarkers. TOP2A/MCM2 expression was assessed as staining index (%) and BUB1B expression as H-scores (0-300). Increasing TOP2A, MCM2, and BUB1B protein expression from HNB-LGMA to HNB-HGMA tissues to IDCs validated our microarray-based molecular classification of HNB tissues by immunohistochemistry. We also demonstrated an increasing expression of TOP2A protein on an independent test set of HNB/benign/reductionmammoplasties, atypical-ductal-hyperplasia with and without synchronous breast cancer, DCIS and IDC tissues using a custom tissue microarray (TMA). In conclusion, TOP2A, MCM2, and BUB1B proteins are potential molecular biomarkers of malignancy in histologically normal and benign breast tissues. Larger-scale clinical validation studies are needed to further evaluate the clinical utility of these molecular biomarkers.
Modular Double-Cascade converter with soft switching DC/DC isolation converter (2013)

In power electronic converters soft switching is an efficient way to reduce losses. A resonant tank in series with the windings of the isolation transformer in a Modular Double-Cascade converter is presented. Positive effects such as switching loss reduction, prevention of flux walking and saturation of transformer core are analyzed and discussed.
Domain Decomposition: Linking Kinetic and Aerodynamic Descriptions (1993)

The authors discuss how kinetic and aerodynamic descriptions of a gas can be matched at some prescribed boundary. The boundary (matching) conditions arise from the requirement that the relevant moments (#rho#, u,...) of the particle density function be continuous at the boundary, and from the requirement that the closure relation, by which the aerodynamic equations (holding on one side of the boundary) arise from the kinetic equation (holding on the other side), be satisfied at the boundary. A case study is presented involving the Knudsen gas equation on one side and a system involving the Burgers equation on the other side in section 2, and a discussion for the coupling of the full Boltzmann equation with the compressible Navier-Stokes equations. (orig./AKF)
Multiple Early Gastric Stump Carcinomas After Gastrectomy for Peptic Ulcer (1998)

The remnant stomach after partial gastrectomy is considered to have a predilection for the development of primary gastric carcinoma. However, early gastric stump carcinomas are uncommon because the diagnosis of gastric stump carcinoma is more difficult than that of carcinoma in the intact stomach. Triple early gastric stump carcinomas, as in the present case, are exceedingly rare and may provide some clues for further investigation of carcinogenesis in the gastric stump. We studied about the histological appearance, genetic alterations (P-53 gene, c-erbB-2 gene and K-ras gene), and expression of tumor-associated antigens (carcinoembryonic antigen, carbohydrate antigen 19-9, and sialyl-Tn) in this rare case. The three carcinomas differed from each other histologically. With respect to genetic alterations, c-erbB-2 was amplified in one lesion, but no mutations of K-ras and P-53 gene were detected. The three carcinomas also differed from each other on the expression of tumor-associated antigens. In noncancerous mucosal epithelium at the anastomosis showing hyperplasia and cystic formation of glandular epithelial cells, no genetic alterations were detected, but sialyl-Tn and carbohydrate antigen 19-9 were expressed. These results suggest that there may be different processes of carcinogenesis of the three carcinomas even though they occurred under identical environmental conditions to those that have increased cancer risk.
Allylic Rearrangements. XXX. The Formation and Rearrangement of α,α-Dialkylallyl Acetates1 (1951)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAllylic Rearrangements. XXX. The Formation and Rearrangement of α,α-Dialkylallyl Acetates1William G. Young and Irving D. WebbCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1951, 73, 2, 780–782Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1951Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1951https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01146a085https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01146a085research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views212Altmetric-Citations23LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Global impacts of tropospheric halogens (Cl, Br, I) on oxidants and composition in GEOS-Chem (2016)

Abstract. We present a simulation of the global composition of the troposphere which includes the chemistry of halogens (Cl, Br, I). Building on previous work within the GEOS-Chem model we include emissions of inorganic iodine from the oceans, anthropogenic and biogenic sources of halogenated gases, gas phase chemistry, and a parameterised approach to heterogeneous halogen chemistry. Consistent with Schmidt et al. (2016) we do not include sea-salt de-bromination. Observations of halogen radicals (BrO, IO) are sparse but the model has some skill in reproducing these. IO shows both high and low biases in different datasets, BrO concentrations though appear to be modelled low. Comparisons to the very sparse observations dataset of reactive Cl species suggests the model represents a lower limit on impacts due to likely underestimates in emissions and therefore burdens. Inclusion of Cl, Br, I results in a general improvement in simulation of ozone (O3) concentrations, except in polar regions where the model now underestimates O3 concentrations. Halogen chemistry reduces the global tropospheric O3 burden by ∼ 15 %, with the O3 lifetime reducing from 26 days to 22 days. Global mean OH concentrations of 1.34 ×106 molecules cm−3 are 4.5 % lower than in a simulation without halogens, leading to an increase in the CH4 lifetime (6.5 %) due to OH oxidation from 7.48 years to 7.96 years. Oxidation of CH4 by Cl is small (∼ 1 %) but Cl oxidation of other VOCs (ethane, acetone, and propane) can be significant (∼ 9–18 %). Oxidation of VOCs by Br is smaller, representing 2.1 % of the loss of acetaldehyde and 0.6 % of the loss of formaldehyde.
A 1 GHz optical-delay-line oscillator driven by a diode laser (2002)

Experimental results are presented on a hybrid optical/electronic oscillator which uses an optical delay line to generate high spectral purity microwave signals. At Fourier frequencies above 10 kHz, the single sideband (SSB) phase noise spectrum decreases as roughly 1/f/sup 2/ attaining a value of -138 dB below the carrier in a 1 Hz bandwidth (dBc/Hz) at 20 kHz offset. The origin of this noise is in part the fundamental shot noise on the light itself, although other optical noise sources such as double Rayleigh scattering and stimulated Brillouin scattering also appear to be important under certain operating conditions. The frequency stability over several hours is dominated by changes in the fiber ambient temperature with a coefficient of about 10/sup -5//K originating mostly from changes in the fiber refractive index with temperature.
The Expression of Prostate-Specific Membrane Antigen in Peripheral Blood Leukocytes (1997)

Our results indicate that sensitive nested RT-PCR method detects PSM mRNA in the leukocyte fraction of normal blood. This "background" expression is probably caused by a leaky promoter of PSM. We conclude that it is necessary to develop quantitative RT-PCR assays to differentiate PSM mRNA expression derived from circulating cancer cells from background expression in blood cells.
Targeted Release of Probiotics from Enteric Microparticulated Formulations (2019)

The development of advanced probiotic delivery systems, which preserve bacteria from degradation of the gastrointestinal tract and achieve a targeted release mediated by pH-independent swelling, is of great interest to improve the efficient delivery of probiotic bacteria to the target tissue. Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria models (<i>Lactobacillus acidophilus</i> (Moro) Hansen and Mocquot (ATCC® 4356™) and <i>Escherichia coli</i> S17, respectively) have been successfully encapsulated for the first time in pH-independent microparticulate polymethacrylates (i.e., Eudraguard biotic) used for the targeted delivery of nutraceuticals to the colon. These bacteria have also been encapsulated within the mucoadhesive polymethacrylate Eudragit RS 100 widely used as targeted release formulation for active pharmaceutical ingredients. The enteric microparticles remained unaltered under simulated gastric conditions and released the contained viable microbial cargo under simulated intestinal conditions. Buoyancies of 90.2% and 57.3% for Eudragit and Eudraguard microparticles, respectively, and long-term stability (5 months) for the encapsulated microorganisms were found. Cytotoxicity of the microparticles formulated with both polymers was evaluated (0.5-20 mg/mL) on Caco-2 cells, showing high cytocompatibility. These results underline the suitability of the synthesized materials for the successful delivery of probiotic formulations to the target organ, highlighting for the first time the potential use of Eudraguard biotic as an effective enteric coating for the targeted delivery of probiotics.
Arugosin F:  A New Antifungal Metabolite from the Coprophilous Fungus Ascodesmis sphaerospora (1998)

Chemical studies of the coprophilous fungus Ascodesmis sphaerospora (JS 247) have led to the isolation of arugosin F (1), a new antifungal and antibacterial metabolite. The structure was determined based on NMR and MS data and on comparison with data for known members of the arugosin class. A known xanthone (2) was also isolated.
Differences in predominant T cell phenotypes and distribution pattern in reactional lesions of tuberculoid and lepromatous leprosy. (1984)

The nature and histological pattern of the cutaneous infiltrates of 17 leprosy patients in reversal reactions (Type I) and erythema nodosum leprosum (Type II, ENL) were compared with tissues from 18 non-reactional borderline leprosy (BT, BL) and lepromatous leprosy (LL) patients using monoclonal antibodies and immunofluorescence. Reactional BT lesions showed a mild increase in OKT11+ pan T cells as compared to non-reactional tissues and a significant influx of OKT8+ (suppressor/cytotoxic) cells which were peripherally localized in the lymphocyte mantle surrounding the epithelioid cells. The Leu 3a+ (helper/inducer) cells were scattered amongst the lymphocytes and macrophages. The mean ratio (+/- s.d.) of Leu 3a+/OKT8+ cells was 1.88 +/- 0.64 in Type I BT reactions as compared to 2.95 +/- 0.95 in BT lesions. In contrast, lesions of BL reversal reactions and ENL showed a more marked increase in pan T cells with a preponderance of the helper/inducer subset, Leu 3a+/OKT8+ ratio being 2.26 +/- 0.61 and 0.93 +/- 0.57 in BL reactional and non-reactional lesions, respectively. Interestingly, this increase in the numbers of the T cells reached levels observed in BT lesions. The distribution pattern of OKT8+ cells was similar to Leu 3a+, both being diffusely scattered amongst the bacilli laden macrophages. Ia like antigens were present in all granulomas and were abundant on lymphocytes and macrophages and less conspicuous on epithelioid cells. T6+ Langerhans cells were uniformly increased in all reactional lesions. It would appear that the changes observed in both Type I and Type II reactions are similar in the lepromatous group of patients. They differ significantly from the BT reversal reaction in terms of the dominant T cell subset and the microanatomical distribution of the OKT8+ cells in the lesions.
Partial Solvation Parameters of Drugs as a New Thermodynamic Tool for Pharmaceutics (2019)

Partial solvation parameters (PSP) have much in common with the Hansen solubility parameter or with a linear solvation energy relationship (LSER), but there are advantages based on the sound thermodynamic basis. It is, therefore, surprising that PSP has so far not been harnessed in pharmaceutics for the selection of excipients or property estimation of formulations and their components. This work introduces PSP calculation for drugs, where the raw data were obtained from inverse gas chromatography. It was shown that only a few probe gases were needed to get reasonable estimates of the drug PSPs. Interestingly, an alternative calculation of LSER parameters in silico did not reflect the experimentally obtained activity coefficients for all probe gases as well, which was attributed to the complexity of the drug structures. The experimental PSPs were proven to be helpful in predicting drug solubility in various solvents and the PSP framework allowed calculation of the different surface energy contributions. A specific benefit of PSP is that parameters can be readily converted to either classical solubility or LSER parameters. Therefore, PSP is not just about a new definition of solvatochromic parameters, but the underlying thermodynamics provides a unified approach, which holds much promise for broad applications in pharmaceutics.
Blood-based identification of non-responders to anti-TNF therapy in rheumatoid arthritis (2015)

We were able to successfully produce a classifier to identify a population of RA patients significantly enriched in anti-TNF non-responders across four different patient cohorts. Additional prospective studies are needed to validate and refine the classifier for clinical use.
Data from TGF-β Signaling Pathway and Breast Cancer Susceptibility (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Background:&lt;/b&gt; TGF-β acts as a suppressor of primary tumor initiation but has been implicated as a promoter of the later malignant stages. Here associations with risk of invasive breast cancer are assessed for &lt;i&gt;single-nucleotide polymorphisms&lt;/i&gt; (SNP) tagging 17 genes in the canonical TGF-β ALK5/SMADs 2&amp;3 and ALK1/SMADs 1&amp;5 signaling pathways: &lt;i&gt;LTBP1&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;LTBP2&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;LTBP4&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;TGFB1&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;TGFB2&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;TGFB3&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;TGFBR1&lt;/i&gt;(&lt;i&gt;ALK5&lt;/i&gt;), &lt;i&gt;ALK1&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;TGFBR2&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;Endoglin&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;SMAD1&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;SMAD2&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;SMAD3&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;SMAD4&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;SMAD5&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;SMAD6&lt;/i&gt;, and &lt;i&gt;SMAD7&lt;/i&gt; [Approved Human Gene Nomenclature Committee gene names: &lt;i&gt;ACVRL1&lt;/i&gt; (for &lt;i&gt;ALK1&lt;/i&gt;) and &lt;i&gt;ENG&lt;/i&gt; (for &lt;i&gt;Endoglin&lt;/i&gt;)].&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Methods:&lt;/b&gt; Three-hundred-fifty-four tag SNPs (minor allele frequency &gt; 0.05) were selected for genotyping in a staged study design using 6,703 cases and 6,840 controls from the Studies of Epidemiology and Risk Factors in Cancer Heredity (SEARCH) study. Significant associations were meta-analyzed with data from the NCI Polish Breast Cancer Study (PBCS; 1,966 cases and 2,347 controls) and published data from the Breast Cancer Association Consortium (BCAC).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Results:&lt;/b&gt; Associations of three SNPs, tagging &lt;i&gt;TGFB1&lt;/i&gt; (rs1982073), &lt;i&gt;TGFBR1&lt;/i&gt; (rs10512263), and &lt;i&gt;TGFBR2&lt;/i&gt; (rs4522809), were detected in SEARCH; however, associations became weaker in meta-analyses including data from PBCS and BCAC. Tumor subtype analyses indicated that the &lt;i&gt;TGFB1&lt;/i&gt; rs1982073 association may be confined to increased risk of developing progesterone receptor negative (PR&lt;sup&gt;−&lt;/sup&gt;) tumors [1.18 (95% CI: 1.09–1.28), 4.1 × 10&lt;sup&gt;−5&lt;/sup&gt; (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; value for heterogeneity of ORs by PR status = 2.3 × 10&lt;sup&gt;−4&lt;/sup&gt;)]. There was no evidence for breast cancer risk associations with SNPs in the endothelial-specific pathway utilizing ALK1/SMADs 1&amp;5 that promotes angiogenesis.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Conclusion:&lt;/b&gt; Common variation in the TGF-β ALK5/SMADs 2&amp;3 signaling pathway, which initiates signaling at the cell surface to inhibit cell proliferation, might be related to risk of specific tumor subtypes.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Impact:&lt;/b&gt; The subtype specific associations require very large studies to be confirmed. &lt;i&gt;Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 20(6); 1112–9. ©2011 AACR&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Wild type p53 and c-myc co-operation in generating apoptosis of a rat hepatocellular carcinoma cell line (FAA-HTC1). (1995)

p53 and c-myc are both known to be involved in apoptotic cell death as well as positive or negative regulation of cell proliferation, but it is not well established whether their functions are mechanistically correlated. We found that FAA-HTC1 cells, a rat hepatocellular carcinoma cell line, expressed c-myc independently of cell cycle and no detectable p53. To investigate possible co-operation between p53 and c-myc, the dexamethasone (Dex)-inducible wild type rat p53 was stably transfected into this cell line and c-myc expression was suppressed by treatment with c-myc antisense oligonucleotide (AS). p53 expression in the p53-introduced derivative resulted in apoptotic cell death, but it did not inhibit proliferative growth of the viable cells. On the other hand, when c-myc was suppressed in the p53-expressing cells, both apoptosis and cell growth were inhibited. These results indicate that p53 can act in the same cells either as a growth-inhibitor or apoptosis-inducer depending on the status of c-myc expression.
Parameter Estimation in Electrical Power Systems Using Prony's Method (2015)

This paper presents the basic principle of Prony's method, which is used for determining electrical power system parameters such as phasors, angular speeds as well as damping factors in a large frequency range. For fixed sampling frequencies, the approach to finding an optimal model order and to extracting transient parameters for further identification of different system effects is shown. Furthermore, it is shown that the method can be applied to the diverse plausibility checks for a confirmation of the result obtained using a conventional Fourier based approach. It will be presented that the significant advantage of the Prony algorithm in comparison to Fourier based methods is the possibility of computing an accurate frequency and in determining a damping factor.