gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Line-shaped defects: Origin of leakage current in halide vapor-phase epitaxial (001) β -Ga2O3 Schottky barrier diodes (2022)

We observed line-shaped defects in halide vapor-phase epitaxial (001) β-Ga2O3 SBDs. Light emission patterns, representing the reverse leakage current, were observed at these line-shaped defects. In atomic force microscopy observations, the line-shaped defects appeared as grooves with a typical depth and width of 113 and 520 nm, respectively. Such defects corresponded to a leakage current of −0.23 μA at −200 V. Simulation results indicated that the electric field, with an intensity of 1.3 MV/cm, was highly concentrated at the bottom of the line defects. According to the cross-sectional scanning transmission electron microscopy analysis, the line-shaped defects were generated from a dislocation network beneath the crystal near the surface.
Fraser syndrome and cryptophthalmos: review of the diagnostic criteria and evidence for phenotypic modules in complex malformation syndromes (2002)

Fraser syndrome is characterised by cryptophthalmos, cutaneous syndactyly, malformations of the larynx and genitourinary tract, craniofacial dysmorphism, orofacial clefting, mental retardation, and musculoskeletal anomalies. The inheritance is autosomal recessive. No diagnostic cytogenetic abnormalities have been documented in affected patients, and no molecular genetic studies have been reported. We have reviewed 117 cases diagnosed as Fraser syndrome or cryptophthalmos published since the comprehensive review of Thomas et al in 1986 in order to validate the published diagnostic criteria and to delineate the phenotype associated with this syndrome. Our series showed more females (57/117) than males and consanguinity was present in 29/119 (24.8%). Eighty-eight patients satisfied the diagnostic criteria for Fraser syndrome (75%). Cryptophthalmos was present in 103/117 (88%), syndactyly in 72/117 (61.5%), and ambiguous genitalia in 20/117 (17.1%). Ear malformations were recorded in 69/117 (59%), and renal agenesis in 53/117 (45.3%). Use of the published diagnostic criteria excluded several patients with cryptophthalmos and one or more physical feature(s) consistent with Fraser syndrome. The frequency of additional anomalies in our series was also higher than previously reported (for example, imperforate anus or anal stenosis were found in 34/117 (29%) compared with 2/124 (2%) in the series of Thomas et al (1986) and choanal stenosis or atresia was present in 7/117 (6%) compared to 0/124. These findings emphasise the clinical variability associated with Fraser syndrome and support genetic heterogeneity of the syndrome. We also noted patterns of anomalies (for example, bicornuate uterus with imperforate anus or anal stenosis and renal malformations) that are found in other syndromes and associations without cryptophthalmos, suggesting that common modifier genes may explain some of the phenotypic variation in Fraser syndrome.
Genotyping by nanopore force spectroscopy : method development and evaluation for clinical diagnostics (2009)

Clinical diagnostic genotyping has the potential to predict an individual’s response to a prescribed drug, and could thus dramatically improve drug efficacy and reduce adverse drug interactions. However, widespread implementation of clinical diagnostic genotyping is currently prevented by a lack of fast, simple clinical genotyping platforms. This thesis describes the development of a new genotyping technique based on nanopore force spectroscopy (NFS) which may fulfill this need, and serves as a feasibility study for further development towards a commercial instrument. The thesis begins by describing NFS, which is a novel, general technique used to detect bio-molecules and characterize their physical interactions with one another. NFS is applied to base-calling by forming a duplex between an engineered single-stranded DNA probe and a DNA sample, and then measuring the dissociation rate under an applied force. The dissociation rate is shown to be extremely sensitive to duplex sequence homology: tests using purified synthetic DNA fourteen bases long demonstrate that even a single base mismatch can increase the dissociation rate over 100-fold. This high specificity, combined with the sensitivity of nanopore detection, allows a base-call to be made from as few as 100 single molecule dissociation events involving the target. Based on these results, it is estimated that with further development, NFS genotyping could be possible from purified, unlabeled genomic DNA in less than 1 hour, without requiring PCR amplification. These characteristics would make NFS extremely attractive as a clinical diagnostic genotyping technology. Further development is still required to produce an instrument capable of testing genomic DNA. However, based on the success of tests so far, this thesis concludes that further development of such an instrument is clearly warranted, especially given its potential impact on human health.
Polarimetric Helmholtz Stereopsis (2021)

Helmholtz stereopsis (HS) exploits the reciprocity principle of light propagation (i.e., the Helmholtz reciprocity) for 3D reconstruction of surfaces with arbitrary reflectance. In this paper, we present the polarimetric Helmholtz stereopsis (polar-HS), which extends the classical HS by considering the polarization state of light in the reciprocal paths. With the additional phase information from polarization, polar-HS requires only one reciprocal image pair. We formulate new reciprocity and diffuse/specular polarimetric constraints to recover surface depths and normals using an optimization framework. Using a hardware prototype, we show that our approach produces high-quality 3D reconstruction for different types of surfaces, ranging from diffuse to highly specular.
<title>Residual stress measurement by laser annealing and speckle interferometry</title> (1996)

We present a design for a compact residual stress measurement sensor based on laser annealing and laser speckle interferometry. The instrument integrates laser diodes, holographic optical elements, a compact CO<SUB>2</SUB> laser, and advanced data reduction techniques to provide quantitative measurements. In this paper we present a review of residual stress measurement using laser annealing, details of our design and preliminary measurement data.
Ethanol preference in C. elegans (2009)

Caenorhabditis elegans senses multiple environmental stimuli through sensory systems and rapidly changes its behaviors for survival. With a simple and well-characterized nervous system, C. elegans is a suitable animal model for studying behavioral plasticity. Previous studies have shown acute neurodepressive effects of ethanol on multiple behaviors of C. elegans similar to the effect of ethanol on other organisms. Caenorhabditis elegans also develops ethanol tolerance during continuous exposure to ethanol. In mammals, chronic ethanol exposure leads to ethanol tolerance as well as increased ethanol consumption. Ethanol preference is associated with the development of tolerance and may lead to the development of ethanol dependence. In this study, we show that C. elegans is a useful model organism for studying chronic effects of ethanol, including the development of ethanol preference. We designed a behavioral assay for testing ethanol preference after prolonged ethanol exposure. Despite baseline aversive responses to ethanol, animals show ethanol preference after 4 h of pre-exposure to ethanol and exhibit significantly enhanced preference for ethanol after a lifetime of ethanol exposure. The cat-2 and tph-1 mutant animals have defects in the synthetic enzymes for dopamine and serotonin, respectively. These mutants are deficient in the development of ethanol preference, indicating that dopamine and serotonin are required for this form of behavioral plasticity.
Cosurfactant-Enhanced Alkaline Flooding (1984)

Abstract Many crude oil candidates for enhanced oil recovery by alkaline flooding produce their lowest interfacial tension at very low concentrations of alkali. Alkaline consumption by the rock makes propagation through the oil reservoir of such dilute alkaline solutions prohibitively slow. The dilemma of having to choose between highest displacement efficiency (lowest interfacial tension) and satisfactory displacement rate can be resolved by adding cosurfactants to the alkali. Low concentrations of properly chosen cosurfactants raise the concentration of electrolyte required for minimum interfacial tension to alkali concentrations high enough for satisfactory propagation of the alkaline bank. That is, just as in chemical flooding, a cosurfactant can be used to raise the "salinity requirement" of an alkaline flood. Activity Maps, similar to the Salinity Requirement Diagrams of chemical flooding, are useful in formulating and understanding the results of cosurfactant-enhanced alkaline floods. Alkaline flooding systems, formulated by the methods discussed in this paper, recover as much oil in laboratory core floods as well-formulated chemical flooding systems.
Transgenic Brassica napus plants overexpressing aluminium‐induced mitochondrial manganese superoxide dismutase cDNA are resistant to aluminium (2001)

Abstract We investigated the role that manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD, EC 1·15·1·1), an important enzyme of the antioxidant pathway, may play in aluminium (Al) toxicity/resistance. A wheat ( Triticum aestivum ) cDNA ( WMnSOD ) was cloned and up‐regulation of the transcript was observed in root tips after 24 h exposure to 100 µ m Al. The WMnSOD1 under the control of the CaMV 35S promoter was expressed in canola ( Brassica napus ). Transgenic plants were phenotypically normal. Northern analyses showed enhanced levels of the WMnSOD1 and WMnSOD1‐GUS transcripts and total SOD activity was 1·5‐ to 2·5‐fold greater in transgenic plants than in wild type (WT) plants. Transgenic (T 1 ) leaf discs showed increased retention of chlorophyll and reduced electrolyte leakage when exposed to methyl viologen (MV) as compared with WT leaf discs, suggesting that transgenic plants were more resistant to oxidative stress. When WT canola plants were exposed to aluminium (0–200 µ m ), inhibition of root growth, higher SOD activity and increased levels of malondialdehyde (MDA, an indicator of lipid peroxidation) were observed in roots. Aluminium‐induced inhibition of root growth and accumulation of MDA was lower in homozygous transgenic plants (T 2 ) compared with WT plants. Transgenic lines also showed lower synthesis of 1,3‐ β ‐glucans (callose, a sensitive marker for Al injury) as compared with WT. These data suggest that resistance to Al toxicity can be improved by overexpressing WMnSOD1 .
Aggregation‐Induced Delayed Fluorescence Based on Donor/Acceptor‐Tethered Janus Carborane Triads: Unique Photophysical Properties of Nondoped OLEDs (2016)

Luminescent materials consisting of boron clusters, such as carboranes, have attracted immense interest in recent years. In this study, luminescent organic-inorganic conjugated systems based on o-carboranes directly bonded to electron-donating and electron-accepting π-conjugated units were elaborated as novel optoelectronic materials. These o-carborane derivatives simultaneously possessed aggregation-induced emission (AIE) and thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) capabilities, and showed strong yellow-to-red emissions with high photoluminescence quantum efficiencies of up to 97 % in their aggregated states or in solid neat films. Organic light-emitting diodes utilizing these o-carborane derivatives as a nondoped emission layer exhibited maximum external electroluminescence quantum efficiencies as high as 11 %, originating from TADF.
Individual Thermal Comfort Prediction Based on Upper Body Thermal Imaging and Computer Vision (2022)

Thermal comfort is related to human health, work productivity, and building sustainability. Thus, it is inevitable that a thermally comfortable indoor environment will be created. A number of studies have been conducted using body-worn devices to achieve personal thermal comfort prediction. However, this method requires expensive equipment and lacks feasibility in a real work environment. This study proposes a predictive model using computer vision-based body thermal distribution, focusing on the purpose of extracting features from various parts of the body. It has been proven that the method proposed in this research can achieve high predictive performance without utilizing physiological factors. Body thermal distribution based on thermal images has great potential for predicting thermal comfort. Since the pixel values in the thermal image are time-dependent, the LSTM model was the most suitable deep learning algorithm. The accuracy was 98.78% showing high predictive performance when thermal image and microclimate data were used at the same time. The proposed method is valuable due to its high performance with efficient economical value and feasibility.
Advanced Tools for Rapid Development of Reduced Complexity Composite Structures (2002)

Lockheed Martin Aeronautics (LM Aero) Company has developed an advanced capability to streamline development of composite aircraft structures with reduced complexity. This process leverages the capabilities of commercially available software, FiberSIM™, MSC.Patran™, and MSC.Nastran™, integrated with LM Aero applications and customizations. This development includes creation of a finite-element-based COmposite Zone MOdeler (COZMO) that enables rapid definition of laminate designs from a sized finite element model (FEM) through use of zone modeling. This application provides seamless data exchange between the MSC.Patran database and the FiberSIM for CATIA®V4 model by using a composites data exchange file written in extensible markup language, or XML. This paper describes the features of COZMO, its use of XML as a composite data exchange medium, and demonstrates its ability to simplify laminate complexity.
Cerebral Vasoconstriction Syndromes (2004)

Stroke from reversible cerebral arterial vasoconstriction has been described in a variety of conditions, including migraine, pregnancy, puerperium (postpartum angiopathy), use of vasoconstrictive drugs, Call-Fleming syndrome, and benign angiopathy of the central nervous system. Although vasoconstriction is an important cause of ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke in young individuals, vasoconstriction syndromes have not been well characterized and remain under-recognized. Misdiagnosis is common because the clinical and radiological features can overlap with conditions such as primary cerebral vasculitis. With the advent of newer, noninvasive angiography techniques and the escalating use of vasoactive drugs, it is likely that clinicians will encounter more patients with vasoconstriction-induced stroke. This article reviews the history, clinical and radiological characteristics, differential diagnosis, and management of cerebral vasoconstriction syndromes.
Analytical approaches to identify potential migrants in polyester–polyurethane can coatings (2009)

The safety of a polyester-polyurethane can coating has been assessed using a suite of complementary analytical methods to identify and estimate the concentrations of potential chemical migrants. The polyester was based on phthalic acids and aliphatic diols. The polyisocyanate cross-linking agent was 1-isocyanato-3-isocyanatomethyl-3,5,5-trimethyl cyclohexane homopolymer (IPDI) blocked with methylethylketone oxime (MEKO) to make a one-part formulation. The overall migrate, obtained using solvent extraction of cured films, comprised almost completely of 12 cyclic and one linear polyester oligomer up to molecular weight 800 and containing up to six monomer units. These 13 oligomers covered a total of 28 isomeric forms. Other minor components detected were plasticisers and surfactants as well as impurities present in the starting materials. There was no detectable residue of either the blocked isocyanate (<0.01 microg/dm(2)) used as the starting substance or the unblocked isocyanate (<0.02 microg/dm(2)). The level of extractable IPDI was used as an indicator of the completeness of cure in experimental coatings. These studies revealed that there was an influence of time, temperature and catalyst content. Polymerisation was also influenced by the additives used and by the ageing of the wet coating formulation over several months. These studies allow parameters to be specified to ensure that commercial production coatings receive a full cure giving low migration characteristics.
Hemodynamic, renal, and hormonal responses to alpha-human atrial natriuretic peptide in patients with congestive heart failure (1987)

Hemodynamic, renal, and hormonal effects of intravenous bolus injection of 50 micrograms synthetic alpha-human atrial natriuretic peptide (alpha-hANP) were studied in eight patients with congestive heart failure. alpha-hANP caused significant reductions in mean blood pressure and systemic vascular resistance. These responses were sustained up to 90 minutes and not accompanied by reflex tachycardia. Cardiac index and stroke volume index increased significantly at 90 minutes and pulmonary capillary wedge pressure, pulmonary arterial pressure, and mean right atrial pressure remained unchanged. Urine volume, urinary sodium excretion, creatinine clearance, and fractional excretion of sodium increased significantly, but fractional excretion of potassium and phosphate did not change. Elevated plasma renin activity, plasma aldosterone, and norepinephrine were suppressed after the injection of alpha-hANP. The bolus injection of this peptide has moderately hypotensive, vasorelaxant, and natriuretic effects in patients with congestive heart failure.
A 0.4-4 Gb/s CMOS quad transceiver cell using on-chip regulated dual-loop PLLs (2003)

A quad high-speed transceiver cell is designed and implemented in 0.13 /spl mu/m CMOS technology. To achieve low jitter while maintaining low power consumption, dual on-chip regulators are used for each dual-loop PLL. The prototype chip demonstrates that the links can operate from 400 Mb/s to 4 Gb/s with a bit error rate <10/sup -14/. The quad cell consumes 390 mW at 2.5 Gb/s (95 mW/link) under typical operating conditions with a 400 mV output swing driving double terminated links.
Efficacy of simultaneous vaccination with Enterisol® Ileitis and Ingelvac® CircoFLEX<sup>TM</sup> in a Swiss breeding farm (2012)

This study explores administration of two piglet vaccines as compared to the mono- and adjuvant-application. A vaccine against the Porcine Circovirus Type 2 (PCV2) cap protein subunit and a vaccine with attenuated live culture against Lawsonia (L.) intracellularis were applied to piglets aged 23.5 days on average. 1'405 animals were divided randomly into four groups. One piglet group was immunized with both vaccines while two other groups were immunized with a combination of one vaccine and adjuvants of alternate vaccination protocol and vice versa. These piglet groups were also compared to a control group supplemented with both adjuvants only. During fattening, pigs, which were simultaneously immunized with Enterisol(®) Ileitis and Ingelvac(®) CircoFLEX(TM) vaccine, gained significantly more weight (792 g/day) when compared to piglet groups mono-vaccinated with Ingelvac® CircoFLEXTM (772 g/day) or either with Enterisol® Ileitis (774 g/day). Moreover, immunized piglet groups showed significantly higher daily weight gain when compared to adjuvants only inoculated control group (751 g/day). Additionally, during fattening the control group displayed higher mortality (6,3 %) than the three vaccinated groups (Ingelvac(®) CircoFLEX(TM) 2,5 %, Enterisol(®) Ileitis 2,3 % and the combination of both vaccines 1,1 %). These data imply that simultaneous immunization with PCV2- and L. intracellularis specific vaccines positively benefit piglet growth observed by an additive effect on growth parameters in farms harboring both pathogens. Return of investment was calculated of 2.10 on the additional Enterisol(®) Ileitis vaccination.
Supplementary Figures 1-2 from Nuclear Factor of Activated T3 Is a Negative Regulator of Ras-JNK1/2-AP-1–Induced Cell Transformation (2023)

Supplementary Figures 1-2 from Nuclear Factor of Activated T3 Is a Negative Regulator of Ras-JNK1/2-AP-1–Induced Cell Transformation
Characterization of poly-L-lysine adsorption onto alkanethiol-modified gold surfaces with polarization-modulation Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and surface plasmon resonance measurements (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCharacterization of poly-L-lysine adsorption onto alkanethiol-modified gold surfaces with polarization-modulation Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and surface plasmon resonance measurementsClaire E. Jordon, Brian L. Frey, Steven Kornguth, and Robert M. CornCite this: Langmuir 1994, 10, 10, 3642–3648Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/la00022a043https://doi.org/10.1021/la00022a043research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1301Altmetric-Citations141LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
The Gifted Student and Physical Education (1962)

(1962). The Gifted Student and Physical Education. Journal of Health, Physical Education, Recreation: Vol. 33, No. 1, pp. 18-72.
Task Transfer and Domain Adaptation for Zero-Shot Question Answering (2022)

Pretrained language models have shown success in various areas of natural language processing, including reading comprehension tasks. However, when applying machine learning methods to new domains, labeled data may not always be available. To address this, we use supervised pretraining on source-domain data to reduce sample complexity on domainspecific downstream tasks. We evaluate zeroshot performance on domain-specific reading comprehension tasks by combining task transfer with domain adaptation to fine-tune a pretrained model with no labelled data from the target task. Our approach outperforms Domain-Adaptive Pretraining on downstream domainspecific reading comprehension tasks in 3 out of 4 domains.
Evaluating Content Selection in Human- or Machine-Generated Summaries: The Pyramid Scoring Method (2003)

From the outset of automated generation of summaries, the difficulty of evaluation has been widely discussed. Despite many promising attempts, we believe it remains an unsolved problem. Here we present a method for scoring the content of summaries of any length against a weighted inventory of content units, which we refer to as a pyramid. Our method is derived from empirical analysis of human-generated summaries, and provides an informative metric for human or machine-generated summaries.