gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Soundscape characteristics of the Eastern Taiwan Strait Indo-Pacific humpback dolphin habitat (2016)

Continuous underwater acoustic recordings were made at two locations of the Eastern Taiwan Strait humpback dolphin habitat: Yunlin (YL, near a cargo shipping lane and with water depth 8-12 m) and Waisanding (WS, relatively pristine with water depth 1.5-4.5 m), off western Taiwan between June and December 2012. One-minute averaged sound pressure levels (SPLs) in both locations were computed for data collected in July 13-30 and September 2-20 in the following four frequency bands: 150-300 Hz, 1.2-2.4 kHz, 3-6 kHz, and >10 kHz. These frequency bands correspond to sounds in frequency bands from cargo vessels, croaker fish chorus, dolphin whistles, and dolphin echolocation clicks, respectively. Comparisons of median SPLs in these frequency bands between WS and YL were made among four discrete periods of a day: morning (04:00-09:59), daytime (10:00-15:59), evening (16:00-21:59), and nighttime (22:00-03:59). The results show notably elevated sound levels in the 1.2-2.4 kHz frequency band in both locations between sunset and sunrise. This indicates that croaker fish chorus are the dominant sources of the soundscape during the evening and nighttime periods. Although the SPLs in low-frequency band of 150-300 Hz were also high at times, there is no temporal pattern on the occurrence of these high levels. Closer examination of the occurrence of high SPLs in the 150-300 Hz frequency band shows that they did not always correspond to cargo vessel passage. It is hypothesized that flow noise and other hydrodynamic actions may contribute to the high SPL in this frequency band. This study highlights complexity of the soundscape in a coastal marine ecosystem. The soundscape characteristics depend on the SPLs of different contributing sources, and are also highly influenced by the local bathymetry and the dynamics of the physical environment. In order to conduct a comprehensive assessment on the potential anthropogenic noise effects on marine life, it is important to have a good understanding of all sound sources and the soundscape characteristics of the marine environment.
Absolute Stereochemistry and CD Spectra of Resolved Enantiomers of the Colored Form of a Photochromic Dithienylethene (1998)

Abstract The colored form of photochromic 1,2-bis(5-hydroxymethyl-2-methyl-3-thienyl)hexafluorocyclopentene was resolved into enantiomers by HPLC. The absolute stereochemistry of an enantiomer was determined on its bis(4-chlorobenzoate). The CD spectra and optical rotation of the resolved colored form were measured.
[Consensus document and recommendations for the prevention of cardiovascular disease in Italy - 2018]. (2018)

Cardiovascular prevention represents a cornerstone of modern strategies to reduce the burden of cardiovascular disease. It is of key importance to prevent cardiovascular diseases and associated events, not only to reduce morbidity and mortality, but also to increase the years of wellness in the aging population and to make the growing socio-economic burden imposed by cardiovascular events more sustainable.The current approach to prevention is based on an integrated use of effective lifestyle measures and, whenever appropriate, of antihypertensive and antidiabetic drugs, lipid-lowering agents and antiplatelet drugs.Given that population characteristics, in terms of ethnicity, demography and lifestyle habits, and healthcare system organizations differ among countries, international guidelines are not always applicable to specific countries and, often, are difficult to translate into daily clinical practice.In order to afford the specific features of Italy, 10 Scientific Societies and Research Institutions, mostly involved in preventive strategies, contributed to the present Italian consensus document, which includes brief, practical recommendations to support the preventive actions within the physician community and the general practice setting.
ESR investigation of the rearrangement of a heterobimetallic (cobalt/molybdenum) dioxygen complex. Characterization of a .cntdot.CN free radical (1983)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleESR investigation of the rearrangement of a heterobimetallic (cobalt/molybdenum) dioxygen complex. Characterization of a .cntdot.CN free radicalHenri Arzoumanian, Richard Lai, Jacques Metzger, Jean Francois Petrignani, and Paul TordoCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1983, 22, 14, 2097–2098Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1983Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1983https://doi.org/10.1021/ic00156a033RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views54Altmetric-Citations5LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (210 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Vaccines for Seasonal and Pandemic Influenza (2006)

Seasonal influenza continues to have a huge annual impact in the United States, accounting for tens of millions of illnesses, hundreds of thousands of excess hospitalizations, and tens of thousands of excess deaths. Vaccination remains the mainstay for the prevention of influenza. In the United States, 2 types of influenza vaccine are currently licensed: trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine and live attenuated influenza vaccine. Both are safe and effective in the populations for which they are approved for use. Children, adults <65 years of age, and the elderly all receive substantial health benefits from vaccination. In addition, vaccination appears to be cost-effective, if not cost saving, across the age spectrum. Despite long-standing recommendations for the routine vaccination of persons in high-priority groups, US vaccination rates remain too low across all age groups. Important issues to be addressed include improving vaccine delivery to current and expanded target groups, ensuring timely availability of adequate vaccine supply, and development of even more effective vaccines. Development of a vaccine against potentially pandemic strains is an essential part of the strategy to control and prevent a pandemic outbreak. The use of existing technologies for influenza vaccine production would be the most straightforward approach, because these technologies are commercially available and licensing would be relatively simple. Approaches currently being tested include subvirion inactivated vaccines and cold-adapted, live attenuated vaccines. Preliminary results have suggested that, for some pandemic antigens, particularly H5, subvirion inactivated vaccines are poorly immunogenic, for reasons that are not clear. Data from evaluation of live pandemic vaccines are pending. Second-generation approaches designed to provide improved immune responses at lower doses have focused on adjuvants such as alum and MF59, which are currently licensed for influenza or other vaccines. Additional experimental approaches are required to achieve the ultimate goal for seasonal and pandemic influenza prevention--namely, the ability to generate broadly cross-reactive and durable protection in humans.
SHAP-XRT: The Shapley Value Meets Conditional Independence Testing (2022)

The complex nature of artificial neural networks raises concerns on their reliability, trustworthiness, and fairness in real-world scenarios. The Shapley value -- a solution concept from game theory -- is one of the most popular explanation methods for machine learning models. More traditionally, from a statistical perspective, feature importance is defined in terms of conditional independence. So far, these two approaches to interpretability and feature importance have been considered separate and distinct. In this work, we show that Shapley-based explanation methods and conditional independence testing are closely related. We introduce the SHAPley EXplanation Randomization Test (SHAP-XRT), a testing procedure inspired by the Conditional Randomization Test (CRT) for a specific notion of local (i.e., on a sample) conditional independence. With it, we prove that for binary classification problems, the marginal contributions in the Shapley value provide lower and upper bounds to the expected $p$-values of their respective tests. Furthermore, we show that the Shapley value itself provides an upper bound to the expected $p$-value of a global (i.e., overall) null hypothesis. As a result, we further our understanding of Shapley-based explanation methods from a novel perspective and characterize the conditions under which one can make statistically valid claims about feature importance via the Shapley value.
Thin-foil surface-plasmon modification in scanning-probe microscopy (1994)

The modification of the surface-plasmon dispersion relation in a thin foil by the near-zone effects of a scanned probe offers optical data that yields interesting forms of microscopy and spectroscopy. An exact solution for this effect is obtained here by taking advantage of the applicability of nonretarded electrodynamics in prolate spheroidal coordinates. Using the known optical properties of the materials, the modifying parameters and dispersion relations are discussed. Both planar and curved foils are examined.
Financial intermediation, asset prices, and macroeconomic dynamics (2010)

Fluctuations in the aggregate balance sheets of financial intermediaries provide a window on the joint determination of asset prices and macroeconomic aggregates. We document that financial intermediary balance sheets contain strong predictive power for future excess returns on a broad set of equity, corporate, and Treasury bond portfolios. We also show that the same intermediary variables that predict excess returns forecast real economic activity and various measures of inflation. Our findings point to the importance of financing frictions in macroeconomic dynamics and provide quantitative guidance for preemptive macroprudential and monetary policies.
Differentiation potential of bone marrow stromal cells to enteric neurons in vitro (2006)

Bone marrow stromal cells have the potential to be induced to differentiate into enteric neurons, express enteric neural transmitters, and produce more NGF and GDNF. Therefore, BMSC could be used as new method to treat gastrointestinal motility disorders associated with enteric neural lesions.
Abstract 2927: Long QT Syndrome as a Cause of Stillbirths (2007)

Background : Stillbirths (intrauterine fetal deaths occurring after the 22 th week of gestation) notably contribute to perinatal mortality. Among them, 25–50% of cases remain unexplained after thorough investigation. We recently demonstrated that 10% of Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) cases carry functionally relevant genetic variants in Long QT Syndrome (LQTS) genes. We previously hypothesized that severe forms of LQTS could contribute to mortality not only shortly after birth but also before. Accordingly, we are now screening LQTS genes in unexplained stillbirths. Materials and Methods : We receive DNA from an ongoing Italian multicenter study on rigorously defined ``unexplained stillbirths”. DNA is extracted from placenta or umbilical cord. Through DHPLC and sequence analysis we screen the main LQTS genes: KCNQ1, KCNH2, SCN5A, KCNE1 and KCNE2. Any amino-acid substitution identified in the samples is checked in a control population of 122 Caucasian controls. Here, we report the preliminary data on the first 17 cases (gestational age of death: 23–38 weeks). Results : A total of 3 missense mutations have been identified in 3 of 17 stillbirths (18%). Two were on SCN5A and one on KCNH2 . The two mutations on SCN5A (V1951L; P2006A) have been previously associated to SIDS and shown to increase the late sodium current. The mutation on KCNH2 is a novel genetic variant absent in 244 reference alleles and never described in any control populations. We are currently performing the electrophysiological cellular studies to define its functional effect. Conclusions : The initial data from this ongoing study already indicate that a yet to be defined but potentially significant number of currently unexplained intrauterine fetal deaths might be caused by ion channel diseases such as LQTS. The completion of our study will soon provide a reliable quantification of this contribution. There are potentially important implications for the affected families, ranging from prevention of recurrences to identification of other affected family members and to possible prevention of SIDS or later sudden deaths in subsequent siblings.
Genic regions of a large salamander genome contain long introns and novel genes (2009)

This study shows that a large salamander genome has a correspondingly large genic component, primarily because genes have incredibly long introns. These intronic sequences may harbor novel coding and non-coding sequences that regulate biological processes that are unique to salamanders.
Immunoglobulin and T cell receptor gene configuration in acute lymphoblastic leukemia of infancy (1987)

We examined immunoglobulin (Ig) heavy chain, K light chain, and T cell receptor (TCR) gamma and beta gene configuration in the leukemic cells from a series of infants aged less than 1 year with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Each of these 11 cases demonstrated leukemic cell surface antigens that have been correlated with a B cell precursor phenotype. Of the 11, lymphoblasts of 4 retained the germline configuration of both Ig and TCR loci, whereas 7 had rearranged the Ig heavy chain gene. Two of these seven showed light chain gene rearrangement. TCB beta chain rearrangement had occurred in only one of the 11 patients' tumors. No TCR gamma chain rearrangements were identified. These results are in contrast to earlier studies of B cell precursor ALL in children in which Ig heavy chain gene rearrangements were evident in every case and approximately 40% showed Ig light chain rearrangement as well. In addition, 45% of cases of B cell precursor ALL of children had rearranged their gamma TCR genes, and 20% had rearranged beta. These data suggest that ALL in infancy represents an earlier stage of B cell development than is found in B cell precursor ALL of children. ALL in the infant age group has been associated with the worst prognosis of all patients with ALL. This study suggests that the disease in infants differs not only clinically, but also at the molecular genetic level, from the disease in children.
The Fluidized Bed. (1951)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Fluidized Bed.Richard H. Wilhelm and Stephen ValentineCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. 1951, 43, 5, 1199–1203Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1951Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1951https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50497a056RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views105Altmetric-Citations12LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (467 KB) Get e-Alerts
Age-Related Atrophy of Motor Axons in Mice Deficient in the Mid-Sized Neurofilament Subunit (1999)

Neurofilaments are central determinants of the diameter of myelinated axons. It is less clear whether neurofilaments serve other functional roles such as maintaining the structural integrity of axons over time. Here we show that an age-dependent axonal atrophy develops in the lumbar ventral roots of mice with a null mutation in the mid-sized neurofilament subunit (NF-M) but not in animals with a null mutation in the heavy neurofilament subunit (NF-H). Mice with null mutations in both genes develop atrophy in ventral and dorsal roots as well as a hind limb paralysis with aging. The atrophic process is not accompanied by significant axonal loss or anterior horn cell pathology. In the NF-M-null mutant atrophic ventral root, axons show an age-related depletion of neurofilaments and an increased ratio of microtubules/neurofilaments. By contrast, the preserved dorsal root axons of NF-M-null mutant animals do not show a similar depletion of neurofilaments. Thus, the lack of an NF-M subunit renders some axons selectively vulnerable to an age-dependent atrophic process. These studies argue that neurofilaments are necessary for the structural maintenance of some populations of axons during aging and that the NF-M subunit is especially critical.
Studies on 6-Aminoquinolones:  Synthesis and Antibacterial Evaluation of 6-Amino-8-methylquinolones (1996)

The 6-aminoquinolone had previously been identified as a new class of quinolone antibacterial agents. To continue our structure-activity relationship (SAR) study in this series, novel 6-amino-8-methylquinolone derivatives have now been synthesized and evaluated for in vitro antibacterial activity. We have shown that the coupled presence of a methyl group at the C-8 position with an amino group at C-6 is effective for enhancing antibacterial activity, particularly against Gram-positive bacteria. The SARs associated with the N-1, C-6, and C-7 are discussed. The 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinolinyl derivative 19v showed the highest antibacterial activity with MIC values on Gram-positive bacteria superior to that of ciprofloxacin, especially against Staphylococcus aureus strains, including those strains which are methicillin-and ciprofloxacin-resistant.
118.1: Single center outcomes after fully robotic live donor nephrectomy: right versus left. (2019)

Background: Living donor nephrectomy (LDN) is a challenging procedure. Robotic assisted LDN is being increasingly adopted across transplant centers worldwide. Right LDN is perceived to be difficult due to anatomical factors. We aimed to study our outcomes after robotically assisted right and left living donor nephrectomies. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed all fully robotic LDN performed at our center between February 2016 and December 2018. The outcomes of right and left LDN were compared using two-proportion z-test and two-sample t-test assuming unequal variances. A p-value<0.05 was considered significant. Results: 98 fully robotic (non hand-assisted) LDN were performed (29 right versus 69 left). There were no differences between the age, sex or BMI of right versus left kidney donors. There was no difference between the mean operative times, blood loss or hospital stay between the two groups. The pre and post donation (2-week) serum creatinine and GFR were comparable between the two groups. There were no conversions to open surgery, re-operations, readmissions or mortality in either group. There were 5 intra-operative complications in 98 donors (5%). Out of 98 donors, 3 had chest pain and 2 had hypertension in early postoperative period. One patient had gluteal muscle rhabdomyolysis managed conservatively. One donor attended the emergency room for constipation. Overall, nausea was most common complication (24%). No donor had Clavien-Dindo 3 or higher complication. Conclusions: Our initial experience indicates that robotic assisted live donor nephrectomy can be can be safely performed with excellent outcomes. Although right donor nephrectomies had a higher incidence of intra-operative complications, there were no statistically significant differences in the overall outcomes of right versus left robotic donor nephrectomies at our center. The application of robotic technique to donor nephrectomy provides 3-D views, greater control and maneuverability, thus allowing it to be a safe and attractive option for both patients and surgeons.
Skeletal muscle development in the mouse embryo. (2000)

In this review we discuss the recent findings concerning the mechanisms that restrict somitic cells to the skeletal muscle fate, the myogenic regulatory factors controlling skeletal muscle differentiation and specification of myogenic cell lineages, the nature of inductive signals and the role of secreted proteins in embryonic patterning of the myotome. More specifically, we review data which strongly support the hypothesis that Myf-5 plays a unique role in development of epaxial muscle, that MyoD plays a unique role in development of hypaxial muscles derived from migratory myogenic precursor cells, and that both genes are responsible for development of intercostal and abdominal muscles (hypaxial muscles that develop from the dermatomal epithelia). In addition, while discussing upstream and post-translational regulation of myogenic regulatory factors (MRFs), we suggest that correct formation of the myotome requires a complex cooperation of DNA binding proteins and cofactors, as well as inhibitory function of non-muscle cells of the forming somite, whose proteins would sequester and suppress the transcription of MRFs. Moreover, in the third part of our review, we discuss embryonic structures, secreted proteins and myogenic induction. However, although different signaling molecules with activity in the process of somite patterning have been identified, not many of them are found to be necessary during in vivo embryonic development. To understand their functions, generation of multiple mutants or conditional/tissue-specific mutants will be necessary.
ChemInform Abstract: REACTION OF HEXAMETHYLDISILAZANE WITH PHENYLTRICHLOROSILANE (1977)

Abstract Das Disilazan (I) reagiert mit Phenyl‐trichlorsilan (II) bei einem Molverhältnis l:l zum Cyclotrisilazan (III), bei einem Molverhältnis 3:1 zum Phenyl‐tri‐(trimethylsilylamino)‐silan (IV) und bei einem Molverhältnis 3:2 zur unschmelzbaren und unlöslichen Substanz (V).
Figure S1 from Preclinical Efficacy and Safety Comparison of CD3 Bispecific and ADC Modalities Targeting BCMA for the Treatment of Multiple Myeloma (2023)

&lt;p&gt;ADC in vitro activity&lt;/p&gt;