gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Coronary Vasodilation and Improvement in Endothelial Dysfunction With Endothelin ET A Receptor Blockade (2001)

The endothelium-derived peptide endothelin-1 (ET-1) causes vasoconstriction predominantly via smooth muscle ET(A) receptor activation. We hypothesized that ET(A) receptor inhibition would improve human coronary vascular function. We studied unobstructed coronary arteries of 44 patients with atherosclerosis or its risk factors. Epicardial diameter (D) and Doppler flow velocity were measured, and coronary vascular resistance (CVR) was calculated during intracoronary infusions of acetylcholine (ACH) and sodium nitroprusside (SNP), and during cold pressor testing, before and after a 60-minute intracoronary infusion of the ET(A) receptor antagonist BQ-123. BQ-123 dilated the coronary circulation; D increased by 5.6+/-1.0% (P<0.0001), and CVR fell by 12+/-3% (P<0.01). The D response to ACH, corrected for the SNP response, improved in segments that constricted with ACH at baseline (P=0.03), whereas segments that initially dilated with ACH did not change with BQ-123 (P=NS). Improvement in D and CVR responses to ACH with BQ-123 inversely correlated with baseline ACH responses (r=-0.44 [P=0.006] and r=-0.78 [P=0.001], respectively), indicating greater improvement in those with endothelial dysfunction. Similarly, cold pressor testing-mediated epicardial vasoconstriction (-2.0+/-1.1%) was reversed after BQ-123 (+1.0+/-0.7%), especially in dysfunctional segments (from -5.6+/-0.9% to +2.2+/-0.9%, P<0.001). There was no correlation between any risk factor and the response to BQ-123. An arteriovenous difference in ET-1 levels developed after BQ-123, which was consistent with enhanced cardiac clearance of ET-1, probably via ET(B) receptors. Thus, ET-1 acting via the ET(A) receptor contributes to basal human coronary vasoconstrictor tone and endothelial dysfunction. This suggests that ET(A) receptor antagonism may have therapeutic potential in the treatment of endothelial dysfunction and atherosclerosis.
Tratamiento de la incontinencia urinaria de esfuerzo con Biofeedback perineal con electrodos de superficie (2008)

Objetivo: Se analiza el resultado del tratamiento de los músculos perineales mediante biofeedback (BFB) con electrodos de superficie en mujeres diagnosticadas de incontinencia urinaria de esfuerzo (IUE).Además se compara con la reeducación de la musculatura del suelo pélvico (RMSP) más electroestimulación vaginal (EEV).Métodos: 85 mujeres diagnosticadas de IUE; de edades comprendidas entre 42 y 74 años, se dividieron en: Grupo 1 (N=50): tratadas mediante un programa de BFB perineal con electrodos de superficie sin electroestimulación y Grupo 2 (N=35): tratadas con RMSP con EEV.Se realizaron dos sesiones semanales de 30 minutos cada una durante 10 semanas.Se evaluaron los resultados mediante el estudio de los cambios en los índices internacionales de la incontinencia urinaria (IU-5 y el índice ICIQ-SF) y el índice de calidad de vida derivada de los síntomas urinarios (cuestionario de salud King´s).Se emplearon la t de Student y el test exacto de Fisher, p < 0,05 se aceptó como significación estadística.Resultados: La edad de ambos grupos fue comparable.84% y 80% de pacientes en los grupos 1 y 2 mejoraron respectivamente, entendiendo por mejora la no existencia de episodios de incontinencia y la ausencia de necesidad de usar absorbentes.No hubo diferencia en la mejora de la incontinencia entre ambos grupos.En el Grupo 1 la mejora se produjo en el 50% de pacientes en la semana 4, y en el 84% en la semana 10.En el Grupo 2 la mejoría ocurrió en el 71,42% de pacientes en la semana 4 y en el 80% de pacientes en la semana 10.Ocho pacientes del Grupo 2 (22,85%) presentaron efectos secundarios locales.La mejora en la calidad de vida en ambos grupos arrojó resultados similares.Conclusión: El éxito del tratamiento de la incontinencia urinaria de esfuerzo grados 1 y 2 mediante un programa de biofeedback perineal con electromiografía con electrodos de superficie sin electroestimulación es similar o superior a los publicados en tratamientos más invasivos.El tratamiento con ejercicios del suelo pélvico con electroestimulación vaginal puede conseguir resultados similares, aunque puede presentar efectos secundarios.Ambos tratamientos conservadores son eficaces y factibles.
Sustained scleral stiffening in rats after a single genipin treatment (2019)

Scleral stiffening has been proposed as a therapy for glaucoma and myopia. Previous <i>in vivo</i> studies have evaluated the efficacy of scleral stiffening after multiple treatments with a natural collagen crosslinker, genipin. However, multiple injections limit clinical translatability. Here, we examined whether scleral stiffening was maintained after four weeks following a single genipin treatment. Eyes from brown Norway rats were treated <i>in vivo</i> with a single 15 mM genipin retrobulbar injection, sham retrobulbar injection, or were left naive. Eyes were enucleated either 1 day or four weeks post-injection and underwent whole globe inflation testing. We assessed first principal Lagrange strain of the posterior sclera using digital image correlation as a proxy for scleral stiffness. Four weeks post-injection, genipin treatment resulted in a 58% reduction in scleral strain as compared to controls (<i>p</i> = 0.005). We conclude that a single <i>in vivo</i> injection of genipin effectively stiffened rat sclera for at least four weeks which motivates further functional studies and possible clinical translation of genipin-induced scleral stiffening.
Adoption of bundled services with network externalities and correlated affinities (2013)

The goal of this paper is to develop a principled understanding of when it is beneficial to bundle technologies or services whose value is heavily dependent on the size of their user base, i.e., exhibits positive exernalities. Of interest is how the joint distribution, and in particular the correlation, of the values users assign to components of a bundle affect its odds of success. The results offer insight and guidelines for deciding when bundling new Internet technologies or services can help improve their overall adoption. In particular, successful outcomes appear to require a minimum level of value correlation.
Bactericidal Effects and Mechanism of Action of Olanexidine Gluconate, a New Antiseptic (2015)

Olanexidine gluconate [1-(3,4-dichlorobenzyl)-5-octylbiguanide gluconate] (development code OPB-2045G) is a new monobiguanide compound with bactericidal activity. In this study, we assessed its spectrum of bactericidal activity and mechanism of action. The minimal bactericidal concentrations of the compound for 30-, 60-, and 180-s exposures were determined with the microdilution method using a neutralizer against 320 bacterial strains from culture collections and clinical isolates. Based on the results, the estimated bactericidal olanexidine concentrations with 180-s exposures were 869 μg/ml for Gram-positive cocci (155 strains), 109 μg/ml for Gram-positive bacilli (29 strains), and 434 μg/ml for Gram-negative bacteria (136 strains). Olanexidine was active against a wide range of bacteria, especially Gram-positive cocci, including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and vancomycin-resistant enterococci, and had a spectrum of bactericidal activity comparable to that of commercial antiseptics, such as chlorhexidine and povidone-iodine. In vitro experiments exploring its mechanism of action indicated that olanexidine (i) interacts with the bacterial surface molecules, such as lipopolysaccharide and lipoteichoic acid, (ii) disrupts the cell membranes of liposomes, which are artificial bacterial membrane models, (iii) enhances the membrane permeability of Escherichia coli, (iv) disrupts the membrane integrity of S. aureus, and (v) denatures proteins at relatively high concentrations (≥160 μg/ml). These results indicate that olanexidine probably binds to the cell membrane, disrupts membrane integrity, and its bacteriostatic and bactericidal effects are caused by irreversible leakage of intracellular components. At relatively high concentrations, olanexidine aggregates cells by denaturing proteins. This mechanism differs slightly from that of a similar biguanide compound, chlorhexidine.
Initial characterization of the human central proteome (2011)

Our data and analysis provide a new and deeper description of the human central proteome compared to previous results thereby extending and complementing our knowledge of commonly expressed human proteins. All the data are made publicly available to help other researchers who, for instance, need to compare or link focused datasets to a common background.
Cardiorenal syndrome in acute decompensated heart failure (2012)

Cardiorenal syndrome (CRS) commonly occurs during treatment of acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF) and is associated with poor clinical outcome. The pathophysiology of CRS entails a complex interaction between hemodynamic alterations, including reduced renal perfusion, increased venous pressure and activation of multiple neurohormonal systems. Attempts to effectively treat congestion while preserving renal function in ADHF are often met with limited clinical success and often require therapeutic decisions that reflect a compromise between potential benefits and harm. At present, there is no evidence-based intervention specifically targeted at renal function. Recent Phase III randomized trials, using novel agents in patients with ADHF, have largely failed to demonstrate any benefits of therapy on renal and clinical outcomes. Early diagnosis of CRS using novel markers of tubular injury may allow for timely interventions and attenuate progression. Future studies are needed to further elucidate the pathophysiology of this complex syndrome and identify new potential targets for effective evidence-based treatments.
Soluble fms‐like tyrosine kinase‐1 (sFlt‐1) localization in renal biopsies (2018)

sFlt-1 is a splice variant of the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) receptor lacking the transmembrane and cytoplasmic domains and acts as a powerful antagonist of VEGF, thereby inhibiting VEGF signaling in the vasculature. Its excess can diminish and alter fenestrated capillary beds and it is considered causal in preeclampsia, but its presence is a physiologically necessity for limiting capillary growth in the vitreous and other compartments within the eye. Plasma sflt1 levels are higher in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and using multivariate regression analysis were exclusively associated with renal function (higher levels correlate with decreasing function) [PMID: 19608702]. The source of this plasma sFlt-1 is unclear, but circulating monocytes have been considered a possible etiology. 47 renal biopsies were immunostained for sFlt-1 and evaluated on a 0–4 grading scale of positive cells within inflammatory infiltrates: 4 drug-induced interstitial nephritis; 12 allografts, 3 with polyomavirus nephritis; 10 diabetes mellitus; 6 lupus glomerulonephritis; 5 ANCA; 5 IgA/HSP nephropathy and 5 miscellaneous chronic kidney diseases. 42 had infiltratory infiltrates of which 31 had sflt positive cells: 3 biopsies had cells which constituted more that 50% of the inflammatory infiltrate (grade 4), 6 biopsies 25–50% (grade 3), 4 biopsies 10–25% (grade 2), 3 biopsies 10% (grade1) and 15 biopsies <10% (grade +/−). The positive cells were generally single but formed clusters that became diffuse. The associated capillary network (immunostaining for CD34) was reduced or had disappeared. This data was supported by RT-PCR analysis of sFlt-1 in a subset of frozen biopsy samples. CD68 stains indicated that the positive cells were histiocytes/transitioning myofibroblasts such as seen in [PMID: 28209809]. In general, there was a correlation (r2= 0.89) between degree of inflammation and sFlt-1 positive cells, but some inflammatory foci were negative; and no correlation was seen between inflammation and fibrotic changes (perhaps indicating that the fibrotic changes might be an ongoing/evolving process). Cases of polyomavirus nephritis (2), drug-associated interstitial nephritis (3), advanced diabetic kidneys (3) and HSP(1) were the most positive (9/47), but significant (10% or greater) sFlt-1 positivity was seen in many biopsies (16/47). In conclusion, sFlt-1 positive cells are generally part of the inflammatory infiltrates in CKD and may be extremely abundant. Their presence promotes an anti-angiogenic state that could inhibit capillary repair, contribute to peritubular capillary loss and enhance fibrosis in CKD. This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2018 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.
Keynote speech 2: Advanced architectures of Next Generation Networks (2020)

Internet Quality of Service (QoS) mechanisms are expected to enable wide spread use of real time services. New standards and new communication architectures allowing guaranteed QoS services are now developed. We will cover the issues of QoS provisioning in heterogeneous networks, Internet access over 5G networks and discusses most emerging technologies in the area of networks and telecommunications such as IoT, SDN, Edge Computing and MEC networking. We will also present routing, security, baseline architectures of the inter-networking protocols and end-to-end traffic management issues.
Potential‐Induced Surface Restructuring—The Need for Structural Characterization in Electrocatalysis Research (2014)

The necessity of the careful structural characterization of model electrodes before and after the electrochemical measurements for a proper mechanistic interpretation is demonstrated for a well-known electrocatalytic system, bulk CO oxidation on PtRu model electrodes. Bimetallic, Pt-monolayer-island-modified Ru(0001) electrodes, which were prepared and characterized by scanning tunneling microscopy under ultrahigh-vacuum conditions, were found to undergo a distinct restructuring when they were potential cycled to 1.05 VRHE , while up to 0.90 VRHE they are stable. The restructuring, which is not evident in base voltammograms, is accompanied by a significant increase in the CO oxidation activity at low potentials (0.5-0.8 V), indicating that it is caused by new active sites created by the restructuring, and not by the PtRu sites that existed in the original surface and that were previously held responsible for the high activity of these bimetallic surfaces in terms of a bifunctional mechanism.
Applications of high-resolution echoplanar spectroscopic imaging for structural imaging (1999)

Echoplanar spectroscopic imaging (EPSI) was introduced as a fast alternative for spectroscopic imaging and has been recently implemented on clinical scanners. With further advances in gradient hardware and processing strategies, EPSI can be used to obtain spectroscopic images whose spatial resolution parallels that of conventional anatomic images within clinically acceptable acquisition time. The present work demonstrates that high-resolution EPSI can be used to derive structural images for applications in which spectroscopic information is beneficial. These applications are chemical shift (fat-water) imaging, narrow bandwidth imaging, and T2* mapping. In this paper, the EPSI sequence design and processing strategies are detailed and experimental results in normal volunteers are presented to illustrate the potential of using EPSI in imaging anatomic structures.
Synthesis of Brassinolide Analogs with or without the Steroidal Side Chain (1983)

Four brassinolide analogs were synthesized starting from cholesterol, stigmasterol or pregnenolone. An analog possessing a hydroxyl group at C-17 instead of the steroidal side chain was only 0.001% as active as brassinolide upon lamina-inclination testing with rice seedlings, while other analogs were 1~2% as active as brassinolide. This indicates the indispensable role of the side chain for the plant growth-promoting activity of brassino-steroids.
12 µm long edge-emitting quantum-dot laser (2001)

Highly reflecting Bragg mirrors in combination with GaInAs/AlGaAs laser structures with two layers of self-organised GaInAs quantum-dots are used to realise CW-operating edge-emitting microlasers with cavity lengths down to 12 µm. Owing to the large spacing of the longitudinal modes of 8.2 nm for 12 µm long lasers, quasi-singlemode operation is obtained.
Calmodulin antagonist enhances DR5‐mediated apoptotic signaling in TRA‐8 resistant triple negative breast cancer cells (2018)

Patients with triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) have no successful "targeted" treatment modality, which represents a priority for novel therapy strategies. Upregulated death receptor 5 (DR5) expression levels in breast cancer cells compared to normal cells enable TRA-8, a DR5 specific agonistic antibody, to specifically target malignant cells for apoptosis without inducing normal hepatocyte apoptosis. Drug resistance is a common obstacle in TRAIL-based therapy for TNBC. Calmodulin (CaM) is overexpressed in breast cancer. In this study, we characterized the novel function of CaM antagonist in enhancing TRA-8 induced cytotoxicity in TRA-8 resistant TNBC cells and its underlying molecular mechanisms. Results demonstrated that CaM antagonist(s) enhanced TRA-8 induced cytotoxicity in a concentration and time-dependent manner for TRA-8 resistant TNBC cells. CaM directly bound to DR5 in a Ca<sup>2+</sup> dependent manner, and CaM siRNA promoted DR5 recruitment of FADD and caspase-8 for DISC formation and TRA-8 activated caspase cleavage for apoptosis in TRA-8 resistant TNBC cells. CaM antagonist, trifluoperazine, enhanced TRA-8 activated DR5 oligomerization, DR5-mediated DISC formation, and TRA-8 activated caspase cleavage for apoptosis, and decreased anti-apoptotic pERK, pAKT, XIAP, and cIAP-1 expression in TRA-8 resistant TNBC cells. These results suggest that CaM could be a key regulator to mediate DR5-mediated apoptotic signaling, and suggests a potential strategy for using CaM antagonists to overcome drug resistance of TRAIL-based therapy for TRA-8 resistant TNBC.
SU-GG-I-84: What Fraction of the Energy Incident on Patients Is Absorbed in X-Ray Imaging? (2010)

Purpose: To quantify the absorbed fraction of the total energy that is incident on patients in x-ray imaging. Method and Materials: A software package CALDose_X was used to simulate radiographic examinations and compute the fraction of the energy incident on the patient that is absorbed by the patient. We simulated four types of body x-ray radiographic examinations (chest, abdomen, pelvis, and spine) with different projection angles of normal sized adult males and females. The x-ray beam quality (kV and filtration) used to perform these simulations were obtained from the British National Patient Dose Database (BNPDD). Values of the absorbed fraction are dimensionless, and are also independent of the absolute amount of the radiation used to perform each radiographic examination (mAs). Results: For males, the average values of absorbed fractions were 0.64 for The radiographs, and 0.70 for spinal radiographs. 0.71 for pelvic radiographs, and 0.70 for spinal radiographs. For females, the average values of absorbed fractions were 0.61 for chest radiographs, 0.66 for abdominal radiographs, 0.66 for pelvic radiographs, and 0.68 for spinal radiographs. Overall, 67% of the energy incident on adult patients is absorbed by the patient. In body imaging, normal sized male patients absorb 7% more of the incident energy than do females. Conclusion: Approximately two thirds of the total x-ray energy that is incident on adult patients undergoing x-ray imaging is absorbed by the patient. Computing the incident energy is straightforward, and it offers a direct method of determining the energy imparted on patients in any type of radiographic examination.
Non-invasive measurement of respiratory impedance in unsedated healthy infants (2014)

Background: Assessing lung mechanics non-invasively in healthy infants offers the potential to better understand lung growth and function. The forced oscillation technique (FOT) requires minimal co-operation from the patient, but has rarely been used in infants. Aim: To assess the feasibility of a modified FOT to measure respiratory mechanics in unsedated infants. Method: Infants enrolled in a birth cohort study in South Africa had lung function measured at 6 to 10 weeks of age using FOT. Respiratory impedance (Zrs) was measured in the frequency range 8-48 Hz via a facemask during natural sleep. Respiratory system resistance (R), compliance (C) and inertance (I) were calculated from the Zrs data. Results: Of the 219 infants tested, 198 (90%) infants had successful measurements. The mean (SD) values of R, C and I were 52.2 (18.1) hPa.s.L-1, 0.83 (0.4) mL.hPa-1 and 0.071 (0.041) hPa.s2.L-1, respectively. Gender was a determinant for R and C, while C was significantly affected by maternal smoking during pregnancy. Resistance (R), Compliance (C) and Inertance (I) by gender and maternal smoking &amp;nbsp; Male (n=104) Female (n=94) P R (hPa.s.L-1) mean ± SD 55.7 ± 19.6 48.3 ± 15.6 0.004 C (mL.hPa-1) mean ± SD 0.77 ± 0.35 0.91 ± 0.46 0.02 I (hPa.s2.L-1) mean ± SD 0.72 ± 0.05 0.70 ± 0.03 0.83 &amp;nbsp; Maternal smoker (n=83) Maternal non-smoker (n=114) &amp;nbsp; R (hPa.s.L-1) mean ± SD 51.8 ± 20.7 52.5 ± 16.2 0.8 C (mL.hPa-1) mean ± SD 0.76 ± 0.29 0.89 ± 0.48 0.03 I (hPa.s2.L-1) mean ± SD 0.067 ± 0.05 0.074 ± 0.03 0.3 Conclusion: The modified FOT technique is a feasible method for measuring respiratory mechanics in healthy unsedated infants. The FOT has the potential to be used as a tool in the assessment of determinates of early lung function.
Traveling-Wave Metal/Insulator/Metal Diodes for Improved Infrared Bandwidth and Efficiency of Antenna-Coupled Rectifiers (2010)

We evaluate a technique to improve the performance of antenna-coupled diode rectifiers working in the IR. Efficient operation of conventional, lumped-element rectifiers is limited to the low terahertz. By using femtosecond-fast MIM diodes in a traveling-wave (TW) configuration, we obtain a distributed rectifier with improved bandwidth. This design gives higher detection efficiency due to a good match between the antenna impedance and the geometry-controlled impedance of the TW structure. We have developed a method for calculating the responsivity of the antenna-coupled TW detector. Three TW devices, made from different materials, are simulated to obtain their impedance and responsivity at 1.5, 3, 5, and 10 μm wavelengths. The characteristic impedance of a 100-nm-wide TW is in the range of 50 Ω and has a small variation with frequency. A peak responsivity of 0.086 A/W is obtained for the Nb-Nb <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">5</sub> -Nb TW diode at 3-μm wavelength. This corresponds to a quantum efficiency of 3.6% and is a significant improvement over the antenna-coupled lumped-element diode rectifiers. For IR imaging, this results in a normalized detectivity of 4 × 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">6</sup> Jones at 3 μm. We have identified several ways for improving the detectivity of the TW detector. Possible methods include decreasing the diode resistance, reducing the noise, and increasing the effective antenna area.