gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cervical Secretions in Pregnant Women Colonized Rectally with Group B Streptococci have High Levels of Antibodies to Serotype III Polysaccharide Capsular Antigen and Protein R (1998)

Group B streptococci (GBS) colonizing the female genital tract will often infect newborn infants during delivery. In 200 pregnant women studied, 14% were colonized with GBS in the cervix, 12% in the rectum, and 9% in both cervix and rectum. We have previously reported that antibody levels to GBS serotypes Ia, II, and III in sera and cervical secretions were increased in women colonized in the rectum and/or cervix, when analyzed by a whole-cell ELISA. Here, we report the levels of antibodies to GBS serotype III capsular polysaccharide antigen (CPS III) and to protein antigen R4, which are present in most GBS III strains. Compared to culture-negative women, the group of women colonized rectally had markedly elevated levels of immunoglobulin (Ig)A and IgG antibodies in cervical secretions to both CPS III and protein R4 (P < 0.01 and P < 0.001, respectively). In sera, the corresponding differences between culture-negative and culture-positive women were less pronounced, or not present. In contrast to antibody levels to whole-cell GBS, antibody levels to CPS III and protein R4 in cervical secretions were not significantly increased in women colonized only in the cervix, except that IgA antibodies to protein R4 were slightly elevated (P < 0.05). These findings suggest that capsular type-specific polysaccharides and protein R4 in a mucosal vaccine might induce protective antibodies against GBS colonization of the uterine cervix.
Prevalence and underlying causes of histologic abnormalities in cats suspected to have chronic small bowel disease: 300 cases (2008–2013) (2015)

Results indicated that a high percentage of cats with clinical signs of chronic small bowel disease and ultrasonographic evidence of thickening of the small intestine had histologic abnormalities. Furthermore, full-thickness biopsy specimens were useful in differentiating between intestinal lymphoma and chronic enteritis, but such differentiation was not possible with ultrasonography or clinicopathologic testing alone.
Fire Testing of Total Containment Pressure Vessels (2016)

Full engulfment fire tests have been conducted on total containment pressure vessels filled to 50% and 98 % capacity with water. The tests included an unprotected tank and tanks with two different levels of thermal protection. Total containment in this context means there was no pressure relief device. The tests were conducted with 1/3rd linear scale rail tank cars similar to the DOT 111 tank cars used in North America. The 2.4 m3 model tanks were subjected to 100 % engulfing fires fuelled by liquid propane. The fireheat flux was approximately 80 % by radiation and 20 % by convection with a total heat flux to a cool surface of approximately 100 kW/m2. The tanks were instrumented with wall and lading thermocouples and pressure transducers. The fire conditions were measured using directional flame thermometers (DFT). In these tests the tank pressure increased rapidly suggesting strong liquid temperature stratification. Even at high fill levels of 98 % the tank wall temperature in the vapour space increased rapidly to dangerous levels. The results from these tests will be used to validate computer models of the tank heating process.
GUEST-HOST INTERACTIONS IN NEMATIC LIQUID CRYSTALS. A NEW ELECTRO-OPTIC EFFECT (1968)

A new electro-optic effect is presented, based on guest-host interactions in nematic liquid crystals. The ability of a nematic liquid crystal to cooperatively align in an electric field is used to orient ``guest'' dichroic dye molecules (molecules whose absorption spectrum is a function of the molecular orientation with respect to the polarization of the incident light). Thus one can electrically switch the color of transmitted light using fields of the order of 104 V/cm.
Template-independent news extraction based on visual consistency (2007)

Wrapper is a traditional method to extract useful in-formation from Web pages. Most previous works rely on the similarity between HTML tag trees and induced template-dependent wrappers. When hundreds of infor-mation sources need to be extracted in a specific do-main like news, it is costly to generate and maintain the wrappers. In this paper, we propose a novel template-independent news extraction approach to easily identify news articles based on visual consistency. We first rep-resent a page as a visual block tree. Then, by extracting a series of visual features, we can derive a composite visual feature set that is stable in the news domain. Fi-nally, we use a machine learning approach to generate a template-independent wrapper. Experimental results in-dicate that our approach is effective in extracting news across websites, even from unseen websites. The per-formance is as high as around 95 % in terms of F1-value.
Alcoholic Epilepsy: A Unified and Dynamic Classification (1997)

The interactions between alcohol and the CNS are complex and there are experimental data suggesting that chronic and acute effects are different and often opposite. An intriguing hypothesis is that repeated alcohol withdrawal seizures (AWS) may render the brain more excitable, leading to an epileptogenic state reminiscent of the 'kindling' model. To gain insight into this question we compared alcoholic patients with seizures related to episodes of AW (AWS) and patients with seizures unrelated to episodes of AW (UAWS). There were several significant differences between the AWS and UAWS groups. Age at admission for seizure was younger in the AWS groups (p < 0.005), seizure number was higher among patients with a history of seizures before admission in the UAWS group (p < 0.05). Neurologic signs were more frequent in the UAWS group (p < 0.05). Duration of intoxication was longer in the UAWS group and brain atrophy demonstrated by CT scan was more common in the UAWS group than the AWS group. Based on these findings, we propose a dynamic classification in which patients presenting seizures unrelated to any cause other than alcohol are classified in several successive stages of 'alcoholic epilepsy', the first being characterized by AWS and the last by persistent chronic seizures.
Head stabilization shows multisensory dependence on spatiotemporal characteristics of visual and inertial passive stimulation (2011)

Sensorimotor coordination relies on fine calibration of the interaction among visual, vestibular, and somatosensory input. Our goal was to investigate how the spatiotemporal properties of passive inertial motion and visual input affect head stabilization. Healthy young adults (n=12) wore a head-mounted display during A/P sinusoidal horizontal translations of the whole body. Visual conditions (VIS) displayed forward (EO), sideways (SW), or backward (BW) visual motion relative to the head, plus an eyes-closed conditions (EC) which were combined with 4 inertial conditions to comprise 16 conditions in total. In SW either near or far DEPTH of field with 180° phase shift was displayed. Subjects were secured in a seat with head free to move. Frequency and amplitude of sinusoidal input included overlapping max acceleration (a <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">max</inf> ) or max velocity (v <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">max</inf> ). Amplitude and phase of angular velocity was collected with a 3-axis gyro. A main effect of inertial condition on amplitude for all axes of head motion (p&#60;.0000) and a shift (p&#60;.0000) from phase lead to lag of head pitch with increasing freq (121°, 127°, 83°, −32°) were found. A main effect of VIS on head pitch (p&#60;0.01) was due to the absence of vision (EC). An interaction effect between inertial and VIS conditions on head yaw occurred with SW (p&#60;0.05). In SW, a significant interaction of depth of field and inertia on amplitude (p&#60;0.001) and phase (p&#60;0.05) of head yaw occurred, especially during high v <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">max</inf> conditions. Thus, visual flow can organize lateral cervical responses despite being discordant with inertial input.
Channel assignment in cellular radio (2003)

Some heuristic channel-assignment algorithms for cellular systems are described. These algorithms have yielded optimal, or near-optimal assignments, in many cases. The channel-assignment problem can be viewed as a generalized graph-coloring problem, and these algorithms have been developed, in part, by suitably adapting some of the ideas previously introduced in heuristic graph-coloring algorithms. The channel-assignment problem is formulated as a minimum-span problem, i.e. a problem wherein the requirement is to find the minimum bandwidth necessary to satisfy a given demand. Examples are presented, and algorithm performance results are discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Leukotriene D4-Induced Activation of Smooth-Muscle Cells From Human Bronchi is Partly Ca2 +-Independent (2001)

Cysteine-containing leukotrienes (cysteinyl-LTs) are potent bronchoconstrictors and play a key role in asthma. We found that histamine and LTD4 markedly constrict strips of human bronchi (HB) with similar efficacy. However, in human airway smooth-muscle (HASM) cells, LTD4, at variance with histamine, elicited only a small, transient change in intracellular calcium ion concentration. HASM cells express both Ca2+-dependent and -independent isoforms of protein kinase C (PKC) (i.e., PKC-alpha and PKC-alpha ). Western blot analysis showed that PKC-alpha is activated by histamine and, to a lesser extent, by LTD4, whereas only LTD4 translocates PKC-alpha. This translocation was specifically inhibited by the LTD4 antagonist pobilukast. Phorbol-dibutyrate ester (PDBu) (a PKC activator) contracted HB strips to the same extent in the presence as in the absence of extra- and intracellular Ca2+. In the absence of Ca2+, LTD4 contracted HB strips to the same extent as did PDBu, suggesting the involvement of a Ca2+-independent PKC in LTD4-mediated signal transduction. PDBu-induced desensitization and the PKC inhibitor H7 abolished the slow and sustained LTD4-triggered contraction of HB strips in the absence of Ca2+, although H7 did not greatly affect the response in the presence of the ion. Thus, in human airways, we identified a novel LTD4 transduction mechanism linked to bronchial smooth-muscle contraction, which is partly independent of Ca2+ and involves the activation of PKC-alpha.
3D multivoxel proton spectroscopy of human brain using a hybrid of 8th‐order hadamard encoding with 2D chemical shift imaging (1998)

Multivoxel 3D localized proton spectroscopy using a hybrid of 1D 8th-order transverse Hadamard spectroscopic imaging (HSI) with 2D chemical shift imaging (CSI) is demonstrated in human brain. The spatially selective HSI pulse incorporates naturally into the PRESS sequence (TE = 135 ms), which then both excites an 8 x 8 x 6 cm parallelepiped volume of interest (VOI) and subdivides it into eight slices. The planes of these slices are further partitioned into 16 x 16 voxel arrays using 2D CSI to yield 8 x 8 x 8 voxels within the VOI. Simultaneous 3D coverage yields good voxel signal-to-noise (8, 12, and 22 for choline, creatine, and N-acetylaspartate, respectively) from these 0.75-ml voxels, in approximately 45 min. The high spatial isolation allows localization to within less than 1 cm from the skull without fat contamination.
Glutathiolation of Proteins by Glutathione DisulfideS-Oxide Derived from S-Nitrosoglutathione (2001)

S-Nitrosoglutathione (GSNO) undergoes spontaneous degradation that generates several nitrogen-containing compounds and oxidized glutathione derivatives. We identified glutathione sulfonic acid, glutathione disulfide S-oxide (GS(O)SG), glutathione disulfide S-dioxide, and GSSG as the major decomposition products of GSNO. Each of these compounds and GSNO were tested for their efficacies to modify rat brain neurogranin/RC3 (Ng) and neuromodulin/GAP-43 (Nm). Among them, GS(O)SG was found to be the most potent in causing glutathiolation of both proteins; four glutathiones were incorporated into the four Cys residues of Ng, and two were incorporated into the two Cys residues of Nm. Ng and Nm are two in vivo substrates of protein kinase C; their phosphorylations by protein kinase C attenuate the binding affinities of both proteins for calmodulin. When compared with their respective unmodified forms, the glutathiolated Ng was a poorer substrate and glutathiolated Nm a better substrate for protein kinase C. Glutathiolation of these two proteins caused no change in their binding affinities for calmodulin. Treatment of [(35)S]cysteine-labeled rat brain slices with xanthine/xanthine oxidase or a combination of xanthine/xanthine oxidase with sodium nitroprusside resulted in an increase in cellular level of GS(O)SG. These treatments, as well as those by other oxidants, all resulted in an increase in thiolation of proteins; among them, thiolation of Ng was positively identified by immunoprecipitation. These results show that GS(O)SG is one of the most potent glutathiolating agents generated upon oxidative stress.
Experimental Demonstration of a Bilayer Thermal Cloak (2014)

Invisibility has attracted intensive research in various communities, e.g., optics, electromagnetics, acoustics, thermodynamics, dc, etc. However, many experimental demonstrations have only been achieved by virtue of simplified approaches due to the inhomogeneous and extreme parameters imposed by the transformation-optic method, and usually require a challenging realization with metamaterials. In this Letter, we demonstrate a bilayer thermal cloak made of bulk isotropic materials, and it has been validated as an exact cloak. We experimentally verified its ability to maintain the heat front and its heat protection capabilities in a 2D proof-of-concept experiment. The robustness of this scheme is validated in both 2D (including oblique heat front incidence) and 3D configurations. The proposed scheme may open a new avenue to control the diffusive heat flow in ways inconceivable with phonons, and also inspire new alternatives to the functionalities promised by transformation optics.
Radiological Case of the Month (1979)

<b>Clinical History.</b>—A boy, 12 years 7 months old, was brought to Medical Associates Medical Center, Chelmsford, Mass, on Oct 18, 1977. He had been referred by his schoolroom teacher because of a chronic brassy cough that was disruptive to the classroom. It is noted that he was otherwise asymptomatic. He showed no dyspnea, no shortness of breath, and although slightly obese, was able to participate fully in the school physical education program and after-school activities with his peers. His medical history was as follows: birth weight, 3,480 g; benign neonatal period with no episodes of respiratory distress; no history of recurrent respiratory infection; and no previous hospitalizations. <b>Physical Examination.</b>—His weight was at the 60th percentile and his height was at the 40th percentile. He was acyanotic. There was no clubbing of the nails and he was not tachypneic. He did exhibit a brassy, nonproductive irritating cough throughout the examination.
ChemInform Abstract: Reaction of 2‐Alkenyl 1‐Naphthyl Sulfides with Dihalocarbenes Under Phase‐Transfer Catalysis Conditions. (1988)

Abstract The reaction between the allyl 1‐naphthyl sulfides (I) and dichloro‐ or dibromocarbene generated from the haloforms (II) and NaOH affords the 1,3‐butadienes (III) in fair yields.
Cyanolipids ofKoelreuteria paniculata Laxm. seed oil (1970)

Abstract Koelreuteria paniculata Laxm. (Sapindaceae) seed oil is a mixture of cyanolipids (42%) and ordinary triglycerides. The cyanolipid portion contains two classes of components. One of these (25% of the oil) is a mixture of diesters composed of two fatty acid moieties (predominantly C 18 and C 20 monoenoic) esterified with an unsaturated five‐carbon dihydroxynitrile (1‐cyano‐2‐hydroxymethylprop‐1‐ene‐3‐ol). The other class (17% of the oil) consists of cyanolipids having one fatty acid moiety (predominantly C 20 monoenoic) esterified with 1‐cyano‐2‐methylprop‐1‐ene‐3‐ol. Monoesters based on this same hydroxynitrile were previously isolated from Stocksia brahuica seed oil and characterized. Hydrogenation of the diesters was accompanied by varying degrees of hydrogenolysis of the ester groups. The hydrogenated diester was reduced with lithium borohydride and the dihydroxynitrile portion was isolated. Acetolysis of the hydrogenated diester in glacial acetic acid with sulfuric acid catalyst yielded an acetylated γ‐lactone. The double bond of the dihydroxynitrile moiety in the diester does not react with bromine in carbon tetrachloride.
Improving signal reliability for on-line joint angle estimation from nerve cuff recordings of muscle afferents (2002)

Closed-loop functional electrical stimulation (FES) applications depend on sensory feedback, thus, it is important to continuously investigate new methods to obtain reliable feedback signals. The objective of the present paper was to examine the feasibility of using an artificial neural network (ANN) to predict joint angle from whole nerve cuff recordings of muscle afferent activity within a physiological range of motion. Furthermore, we estimated how small changes in joint angle that can be detected from the nerve cuff recordings. Neural networks were tested with data obtained from ten acute rabbit experiments in simulated, on-line experiments. The electroneurograms (ENG) of the tibial and peroneal nerves were recorded during passive ankle joint rotation. To decrease the joint angle prediction error with new rabbit data, we attempted to pretune the nerve signals and re-trained the ANNs with the pretuned data. With these procedures we were able to compensate for interrabbit variability. On average the mean prediction errors were less than 2.0 degrees (a total excursion of 20 degrees) and we were able to predict joint angles from muscle afferent activity with accuracy close to the best-estimated angular resolution. The angular resolution was found to depend on the initial joint angle and the actual step size taken and we found that there was a low probability of detecting joint angle changes less than 1.5 degrees. We thus suggest that muscle afferent activity is applicable as feedback in real-time closed-loop control, when the motion speed is restricted and when the movement is limited to a portion of the joint's physiological range.
442 Social Complexity and Risk for Paediatric Burn Injury: A Systematic Review (2019)

Social Complexity in health outcomes has been attributed to greater risk of injury, adverse health outcomes and early death in a variety of populations. To determine what social determinants of health (SDoH) have been associated with burn injury in children a systematic review of the literature was performed. PubMed and SCOPUS were searched for articles related to environmental and social determinants of burn injury. Selected literature was examined SC to establish the strength of evidence in relation to incidence of burn injury in children. The most common social complexities were reviewed. The manuscripts (641 found in Pubmed and 327 from SCOPUS) were initially reviewed for duplication and English language. Subsequently, manuscripts were selected for relevance based on titles followed by abstracts. 41 manuscripts were reviewed in their entirety. The literature supports a relationship between social complexity and an increased incidence of paediatric burns in lower income families, children with behavioral disorders, fewer years of parental education and children residing in a rural setting. The majority of reports came from Europe followed by Australia and scattered information from other countries. SDoH in the environment of the child are associated with an increased risk of burn injury. The literature supports the influence of lower income, lower parental education, behavioral disorders and living rurally with an increased incidence of injury. By identifying children at increased risk, it is possible target burn prevention and education programs to decrease the likelihood of a burn injury.
Mechanism of the Intermediary Phase Formation in Ti-20 wt. % Al Mixture during Pressureless Reactive Sintering (2019)

This work aims to describe the mechanism of intermediary phases formation in TiAl20 (wt. %) alloy composition during reactive sintering. The reaction between titanium and aluminum powders was studied by in situ diffraction and the results were confirmed by annealing at various temperatures. It was found that the Ti<sub>2</sub>Al<sub>5</sub> phase formed preferentially and its formation was detected at 400 °C. So far, this phase has never been found in this alloy composition during reactive sintering processes. Subsequently, the Ti<sub>2</sub>Al<sub>5</sub> phase reacted with the titanium, and the formation of the major phase, Ti<sub>3</sub>Al, was accompanied by the minor phase, TiAl. Equations of the proposed reactions are presented in this paper and their thermodynamic and kinetic feasibility are supported by Gibbs energies of reaction and reaction enthalpies.
New Chemical Transformations Involving SO2F2‐Mediated Alcohol Activation (2023)

Sulfuryl fluoride is a gas produced on a multi-ton scale for its use as a fumigant. In the last decades, it has gained interest in organic synthesis as a reagent with unique properties in terms of stability and reactivity when compared to other sulfur-based reagents. Sulfuryl fluoride has not only been used for sulfur-fluoride exchange (SuFEx) chemistry but also encountered applications in classic organic synthesis as an efficient activator of both alcohols and phenols, forming a triflate surrogate, namely a fluorosulfonate. A long-standing industrial collaboration in our research group drove our work on the sulfuryl fluoride-mediated transformations that will be highlighted below. We will first describe recent works on metal-catalyzed transformations from aryl fluorosulfonates while emphasizing the one-pot processes from phenol derivatives. In a second section, nucleophilic substitution reactions on polyfluoroalkyl alcohols will be discussed and the value of polyfluoroalkyl fluorosulfonates in comparison to alternative triflate and halide reagents will be brought to light.
Evaluation of an Alkaline Lysis Method for the Extraction of DNA from Whole Blood and Forensic Stains for STR Analysis (2000)

A modified alkaline lysis protocol for extracting DNA from forensically relevant specimens is evaluated and compared with the chelex 100 method. For whole blood, bloodstains and sperm stains, both methods yielded comparable results after amplification for a pentameric STR locus (HumCD4). The main advantages of the new method are: only approximately ten minutes and two pipetting steps are necessary and the expenses for the extraction are extremely low as only NaOH, TrisHCl buffer and a single microcentrifuge tube are required. Alkaline lysis also proved to yield DNA suitable for typing longer STRs by using dye-labeled primers and capillary electrophoresis. These advantages should render this protocol especially interesting for high-throughput laboratories in combination with multiplex PCR and fluorescent dye technology, although the storability of the extracts proved to be problematic.
Inferring a Tree from Lowest Common Ancestors with an Application to the Optimization of Relational Expressions (1981)

We present an algorithm for constructing a tree to satisfy a set of lineage constraints on common ancestors. We then apply this algorithm to synthesize a relational algebra expression from a simple tableau, a problem arising in the theory of relational databases.