gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Clinical Development of PD-1 Blockade in Hematologic Malignancies (2018)

Clinical development of immune checkpoint inhibitors targeting the PD-1 pathway has led to clinical benefits for patients with multiple solid tumor and hematologic malignancies and has revolutionized modern oncology. High response rates to PD-1 blockade in patients with classical Hodgkin lymphoma and certain subtypes of non-Hodgkin lymphoma highlight an intrinsic biologic sensitivity to this strategy of treatment. Despite early success of checkpoint inhibitor and immunomodulatory drug combinations in phase 2 studies in multiple myeloma, safety concerns in patients treated with the combination of immunomodulatory drugs and checkpoint inhibitors in myeloma have stalled drug development in this space. Novel combination approaches exploring PD-1 inhibitors with epigenetic modifiers in leukemia are underway.
Use of ECDF-based features and ensemble of classifiers to accurately detect mobility activities of people using accelerometers (2017)

We look at the problem of using accelerometer in smartphones to detect mobility activities of users. The activities are internally composed of several simple activities. One can perform the task of distinguishing the activities using classic classification techniques with two different data representations namely, statistical features and ECDF-based features. Our recommendation in this paper is to use the latter as it suits better for mobility activities. Our major contribution is to explore the challenge of class imbalance in detecting mobility activities. To handle that challenge, we propose use of an ensemble of a classification model. It improves accuracy of detection over standalone classification models. To evaluate performance of the recommended technique, we use transportation by a metro train as a running case study. We consider two activities during the metro train travel. They are (a) whether user is at a metro train station or (b) in a metro train. Our recommended technique results in precision of 98% for the case study. It is significantly more than the state-of-the-art value of 70% for a similar case study. This case study finds its applications in the area of smart city analytics, for instance, our solution could be used to estimate rush at metro stations. In the long run, it can also be used to enhance navigation services to account for delays at metro stations into their algorithms.
Definition of the Rectum (2019)

An international consensus definition for the rectum is the point of the sigmoid take-off as visualized on imaging. The sigmoid take-off can be identified as the mesocolon elongates as the ventral and horizontal course of the sigmoid on axial and sagittal views respectively on cross-sectional imaging. Routine application of this landmark during multidisciplinary team discussion for all patients will enable greater consistency in tumour localisation.
Morphology and Origins of Sedimentary Structures on Submarine Slopes (1968)

Submarine slopes in deep water, such as continental slopes, are often indented by valleys or channels and made uneven by ridges or levees. The origins of many of these features are unknown or disputed. Morphologically, however, there is often great similarity between forms on deep slopes and forms on shallow slopes or on land. Structurally the slopes in deep water are less well explored, but several observations reveal features, such as lamination and crossbedding, that are known from shallow water also. Measurements of current indicate that periodically the movement of water near the bottom is fast enough to move particles of sediment from time to time. Morphology, fine structure, and currents suggest that internal waves and associated currents, as well as gravity, may control the shape of deep submarine slopes analogously to the shaping by surface waves of slopes in shallow water.
Fetal Hb Production during Acute Erythroid Expansion: I. OBSERVATIONS IN PATIENTS WITH TRANSIENT ERYTHROBLASTOPENIA AND POST‐PHLEBOTOMY (1980)

In order to study fetal haemoglobin production during acute erythroid expansion we did sequential measurements of Hb F-containing erythrocytes (F-cells) and of relevant haematological parameters in 10 subjects recovering from eyrthroid aplasia, iron deficiency anaemia or following phlebotomy. An increased production of F-cells was consistently observed during the acute marrow expansion, but there were significant differences in the maximum F-cell response among individuals. These differences could not be explained by differences in the degree of anaemia alone, nor could they be correlated with the level of peak reticulocytosis. Two patients who reached the highest F-cell numbers were probably carriers of heterocellular hereditary persistence of Hb F, suggesting that this gene may play a role in determining the magnitude of F-cell production in anaemic patients. It is speculated that the main reason for the consistently observed increase in F cell production during acute marrow expansion is the premature terminal differentiation of earlier erythroid precursos (burst forming units; BFUe). This proposition is in accord with observations in vitro which suggest that Hb F is expressed en eyrthroid clones derived from BFUne's. It is further proposed that differences in the degree of BFUe recruitment may underly the disparities in Hb F response among individuals subjected to similar anaemic stimuli.
New 5.BETA.-H limonoids from Evodia rutaecarpa bentham. (1988)

Two new 5β-H limonoids, 6α-acetoxy 5-epilimonin (1__∼) and 6β-acetoxy-5-epilimonin (2__∼), were isolated from the fruit of (Evodia)___ (rutaecarpa)___ BENTHAM (Rutaceae), together with limonin (3) and evodol (4), and their structures were determined based on the 1H-and 13C-NMR Spectral data.
Role of the complement in experimental sepsis (2007)

At the Trauma, Shock, Inflammation and Sepsis 2007 conference, the roles of complement activation products and relevant receptors were stressed in the setting of experimental sepsis [cecal ligation and puncture (CLP)] in mice and rats. In addition, some limited evidence was presented related to humans with septic shock (requiring vasopressor support). Collectively, the data suggested that events found in CLP also occur in human sepsis. Experimental sepsis (CLP) in rodents is associated with robust complement consumption and appearance of activation products (C3a, C5a) in plasma. During sepsis, there is up-regulation of C5a receptors (C5aR, C5L2) on blood polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) and in lungs, liver, kidneys, and heart. CLP also leads to dramatic reductions of C5aRs on blood PMNs, the intensity of which correlates with lethality. Interception in vivo of C5a or C5aR dramatically improves survival after CLP, preserves innate immune functions of blood PMNs, and greatly attenuates the intensity of consumptive coagulopathy and activation of the fibrinolytic system after CLP. In humans with septic shock, there is evidence of complement activation products in plasma along with loss of C5aRs on blood PMNs. These data suggest that in septic humans, interception of C5a or C5aR might be clinically efficacious.
The use of hydrogenous material for sensitizing pMOS dosimeters to neutrons (1995)

This paper is concerned with the application of pMOS dosimeters to measuring neutron dose by the use of hydrogenous materials to convert incident neutron flux to recoil protons. These latter charged particles can generate electron-hole pairs, and consequently, charge trapping takes place at the MOS interfaces, and threshold voltage shifts are produced. The use of pMOS devices for measuring gamma doses has been described extensively in the literature. Clearly, if measurable voltage shifts could be generated in a MOS device by neutrons, then a radiation detection instrument containing two MOS devices, back to back, with hydrogenous shields, and one MOS dosimeter without a converter would allow 4/spl pi/ measurements of neutron and gamma doses to be made. The results obtained in this study indicate that paraffin or polyethylene will convert incident, 2.82 MeV neutrons to recoil protons, which subsequently cause measurable voltage shifts.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Nanoparticle effects on the water-oil interfacial tension (2012)

Although it is well known that solid particles adsorb at interfaces, no consensus has been reached on whether the adsorbed nanoparticles affect interfacial tension. In this work the Wilhelmy plate method is implemented in mesoscale dissipative particle dynamics simulations to study the influence of nanoparticles on the water-oil interfacial tension. The results are compared with predictions that neglect nanoparticle-nanoparticle interactions at the interface. We find that the two estimates can differ significantly. In the regime where nanoparticle-nanoparticle repulsion is large, the Wilhelmy plate method suggests interfacial tension reduction, which appears to be a strong function of nanoparticle surface coverage. Some experimental data from the literature, in apparent disagreement, are reinterpreted based on this insight.
Regulation of microsomal triglyceride transfer protein mRNA expression by endotoxin and cytokines (1998)

We studied the effect of endotoxin (LPS), and cytokines (TNF, IL-1, and IL-6) on hepatic microsomal triglyceride transfer protein (MTP) mRNA levels in vivo in Syrian hamsters and in vitro in HepG2 cells. LPS, interleukin-1 (IL-1), and to a lesser extent tumor necrosis factor (TNF) significantly decreased MTP mRNA levels in hamster liver. These effects required several hours. Furthermore, IL-1 and IL-6 significantly decreased MTP mRNA levels in HepG2 cells. This decrease appeared soon after IL-1 administration (8 h) and at very low doses (0.1 ng/ml). MTP activity and protein levels of the large subunit of MTP also decreased modestly in HepG2 cells with prolonged cytokine treatment. IL-1 reduced the expression of an MTP promoter luciferase construct to a similar degree as seen with MTP mRNA, indicating that transcriptional regulation plays a major role in the decrease of MTP gene expression. Deletional analysis of the MTP promoter identified the region -121 to -88 bp upstream to the coding sequence as the site of the negative regulation by IL-1. This region contains an insulin response element (IRE), activating protein 1 (AP-1), hepatic nuclear factor 1 (HNF-1) and hepatic nuclear factor 4 (HNF-4) consensus sequences; mutations of the IRE and HNF-4 sites did not affect the response to IL-1. In contrast, mutating AP-1 or HNF-1 sites led to a marked decrease in basal expression and the loss of the IL-1 effect, suggesting that an intact AP-1 and/or HNF-1 regulatory element are crucial for the IL-1 regulation of MTP gene expression. However, prolonged incubation with IL-1 did not alter HepG2 apolipoprotein B secretion suggesting that MTP mRNA down-regulation does not contribute significantly to the cytokine-induced effects on lipid metabolism.
Listening to Contextualization Cues: Co-constructed Power, Identity, and Learning Between a NNEST and Adult Immigrant Learners (2016)

In the United States, the immigrant population explosion has been calling for increasing attention to English instruction for immigrant learners. In comparison with prolific literature on immigrant English language learners (ELLs) in K–12 educational settings, literature on English instruction for adult immigrant learners at non-profit organizations, especially through microanalysis of classroom interaction, is scarce. Using a microethnographic method, this study explores how a nonnative English speaking student teacher picks up classroom contextualization cues (Gumperz, 1977) to understand how adult immigrant learners negotiate their learning needs and how their classroom habitus (Bourdieu, 1977a) embodies the social forces outside of class. Drawing on poststructuralist identity theories, this paper discusses how adult learners’ conflicts in language learning and socialization are manifested in classroom contextualization cues, and how a non-native English speaking teacher (NNEST) and adult immigrant students discursively and socially co-constructed identity and power dynamics throughout the learning/teaching process. I argue that listening to these contextualization cues has meaningful implications for teachers, who should listen for classroom details and reflectively examine their positionality in the discourse of teaching adult immigrant populations. This paper also urges rejection of stereotyped deficit views toward immigrant learners and NNESTs in the field of language teaching.
Properties of poly(lactic acid)/hydroxyapatite composite through the use of epoxy functional compatibilizers for biomedical application (2017)

A composite of 70/30 poly(lactic acid)/hydroxyapatite was systematically prepared using various amounts of glycidyl methacrylate as reactive compatibilizer or Joncryl ADR®-4368 containing nine glycidyl methacrylate functions as a chain extension/branching agent to improve the mechanical and biological properties for suitable usage as internal bone fixation devices. The effect of glycidyl methacrylate/Joncryl on mechanical properties of poly(lactic acid)/hydroxyapatite was investigated through flexural strength. Cell proliferation and differentiation of osteoblast-like MC3T3-E1 cells cultured on the composite samples were determined by Alamar Blue assay and alkaline phosphatase expression, respectively. Result shows that flexural strength tends to decrease, as glycidyl methacrylate content increases except for 1 wt.% glycidyl methacrylate. With an addition of dicumyl peroxide, the flexural strength shows an improvement than that of without dicumyl peroxide probably due to the chemical bonding of the hydroxyapatite and poly(lactic acid) as revealed by FTIR and NMR, whereas the composite with 5 wt.% Joncryl shows the best result, as the flexural strength increases getting close to pure poly(lactic acid). The significant morphology change could be seen in composite with Joncryl where the uniform agglomeration of hydroxyapatite particles oriented in poly(lactic acid) matrix. Addition of the epoxy functional compatibilizers at suitable percentages could also have benefits to cellular attachment, proliferation, differentiation and mineralization. So that, this poly(lactic acid)/hydroxyapatite composite could be a promising material to be used as internal bone fixation devices such as screws, pins and plates.
Microarray Patches: Poking a Hole in the Challenges Faced When Delivering Poorly Soluble Drugs (2020)

Abstract Poorly soluble drugs constitute more than 60% of currently marketed pharmaceuticals with over two‐thirds of promising new chemical entities failing to enter a clinical setting due to solubility issues. Although oral formulations have made some impact, alternative enhancement strategies for administration of such molecules are actively sought. Over the last decade, innovation on a global scale has enabled the expansion of the frontiers of microarray patches (MAPs) further than ever before. Initially designed to load low doses of hydrophilic and potent therapeutic agents, MAPs are now becoming a viable strategy for the immediate and long‐acting delivery of poorly soluble drugs through the skin. This together with the advantages of transdermal administration over the oral and parenteral routes, make of MAPs an appealing platform for the development of products with increased patient compliance. Undoubtedly, MAPs will soon become a readily available therapeutic alternative, and experts from academia, industry and regulatory bodies are working together aiming to facilitate the progression of MAPs toward safe and effective clinical use. This review aims to highlight the ability of MAPs to deliver poorly soluble actives, discuss the mechanisms behind in‐skin drug absorption, and evaluate the future direction of the field.
LSCF-Ag Composite Cathode for Reduced-temperature SOFCs (2007)

Operating temperature is high and long start-up time, and there is a problem of the material deterioration etc. The electrode development to obtain the catalyst revitalization even at the low temperature is advanced now. We attracted to attention because of Ag is high the electron conductivity in the metal and the oxide ion conductivity. In this study, to improve the performance, we impregnated Ag particles in the LSCF-GDC cathode using Ag(NO)3. These new cells showed the high cell performance.
nPINNs: nonlocal Physics-Informed Neural Networks for a parametrized nonlocal universal Laplacian operator. Algorithms and Applications (2020)

Physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) are effective in solving inverse problems based on differential and integro-differential equations with sparse, noisy, unstructured, and multifidelity data. PINNs incorporate all available information, including governing equations (reflecting physical laws), initial-boundary conditions, and observations of quantities of interest, into a loss function to be minimized, thus recasting the original problem into an optimization problem. In this paper, we extend PINNs to parameter and function inference for integral equations such as nonlocal Poisson and nonlocal turbulence models, and we refer to them as nonlocal PINNs (nPINNs). The contribution of the paper is three-fold. First, we propose a unified nonlocal Laplace operator, which converges to the classical Laplacian as one of the operator parameters, the nonlocal interaction radius δ goes to zero, and to the fractional Laplacian as δ goes to infinity. This universal operator forms a super-set of classical Laplacian and fractional Laplacian operators and, thus, has the potential to fit a broad spectrum of data sets. We provide theoretical convergence rates with respect to δ and verify them via numerical experiments. Second, we use nPINNs to estimate the two parameters, δ and α, characterizing the kernel of the unified operator. The strong non-convexity of the loss function yielding multiple (good) local minima reveals the occurrence of the operator mimicking phenomenon, that is, different pairs of estimated parameters could produce multiple solutions of comparable accuracy. Third, we propose another nonlocal operator with spatially variable order α(γ), which is more suitable for modeling turbulent Couette flow. Our results show that nPINNs can jointly infer this function as well as δ. More importantly, these parameters exhibit a universal behavior with respect to the Reynolds number, a finding that contributes to our understanding of nonlocal interactions in wall-bounded turbulence.
Microwave dielectric properties of BiFeO3 thin film prepared by aqueous chemical solution deposition method (2009)

We report high frequency dielectric properties of multiferroic BiFeO3 (BFO) thin film deposited by means of aqueous chemical solution deposition on platinized silicon substrate. The structure analysis of the BFO performed by X-ray diffraction and energy dispersive analysis showed pure, single-phase quality of the thin films. The impedance measurements were performed by vector network analyzer in frequency range 100 MHz to 10 GHz at ambient temperature. The film leakage currents dominate dielectric losses at low frequencies. The dielectric constant of the film is around 40. An internal charged defects acting as energy traps for electrons dominate dielectric losses in the frequency region above 4 GHz. .
Rapid identification of Sars-CoV-2 variants of concern using the portable peak PCR platform (2021)

Abstract The need for tools which allow rapid detection and continuous monitoring of Sars-CoV-2 variants of concern (VOC) is greater than ever, as these variants are more transmissible and therefore increase the pressure of COVID-19 on healthcare systems. To address this demand, we aimed to develop and evaluate a robust and fast diagnostic approach for identification of Sars-CoV-2 VOC-associated spike gene mutations. Our diagnostic assays detect the E484K and N501Y SNPs as well as a spike gene deletion (HV69/70) and can be run on standard laboratory equipment or on the portable rapid diagnostic technology platform peak PCR. The assays achieved excellent diagnostic performance when tested with RNA extracted from culture-derived Sars-CoV-2 VOC lineages. Simplicity of usage and the relatively low costs are advantages which make our approach well-suited for decentralized and rapid testing, especially in resource limited settings.
Resistance of Herpes Simplex Viruses to Nucleoside Analogues: Mechanisms, Prevalence, and Management (2010)

ABSTRACT Herpes simplex viruses (HSV) type 1 and type 2 are responsible for recurrent orolabial and genital infections. The standard therapy for the management of HSV infections includes acyclovir (ACV) and penciclovir (PCV) with their respective prodrugs valacyclovir and famciclovir. These compounds are phosphorylated by the viral thymidine kinase (TK) and then by cellular kinases. The triphosphate forms selectively inhibit the viral DNA polymerase (DNA pol) activity. Drug-resistant HSV isolates are frequently recovered from immunocompromised patients but rarely found in immunocompetent subjects. The gold standard phenotypic method for evaluating the susceptibility of HSV isolates to antiviral drugs is the plaque reduction assay. Plaque autoradiography allows the associated phenotype to be distinguished (TK-wild-type, TK-negative, TK-low-producer, or TK-altered viruses or mixtures of wild-type and mutant viruses). Genotypic characterization of drug-resistant isolates can reveal mutations located in the viral TK and/or in the DNA pol genes. Recombinant HSV mutants can be generated to analyze the contribution of each specific mutation with regard to the drug resistance phenotype. Most ACV-resistant mutants exhibit some reduction in their capacity to establish latency and to reactivate, as well as in their degree of neurovirulence in animal models of HSV infection. For instance, TK-negative HSV mutants establish latency with a lower efficiency than wild-type strains and reactivate poorly. DNA pol HSV mutants exhibit different degrees of attenuation of neurovirulence. The management of ACV- or PCV-resistant HSV infections includes the use of the pyrophosphate analogue foscarnet and the nucleotide analogue cidofovir. There is a need to develop new antiherpetic compounds with different mechanisms of action.
Experience (2021)

This chapter discusses Gadamer’s rehabilitation of the concept of experience in Truth and Method. The contemporary concept ignores the historicity of experience, which is incorporated using ideas from Bacon, Aristotle, Hegel, and Aeschylus. The concept of hermeneutic experience as the understanding of a text is discussed using an example of Gadamer’s interpretation of Hegel. Finally, the experience of art is examined in its differences and similarities to hermeneutic experience.
Should More Patients with Kidney Failure Bring Treatment Home? What We Have Learned from COVID-19 (2022)

The utility of PD has been demonstrated during the COVID-19 pandemic; thus, ensuring that the usage of PD is maintained and increased in a post-pandemic future is key. Such a scenario could enhance our ability to care for patients without interruption in circumstances of unforeseen obstacles and supports the ability of healthcare systems and patients to overcome barriers to dialysis access.
ChemInform Abstract: The Utilization of Supercritical Carbon Dioxide in the Palladium‐Catalyzed Hydroarylation of β‐Substituted‐α,β‐enones. (2000)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
β‐Nitro Xanthates as Olefin Precursors. (2003)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.