gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effects of neonatal visceral pain on morphine tolerance, dependence, and withdrawal in rats (2013)

Changes in brain opioid systems have been demonstrated in response to neonatal visceral pain (NVP), but few studies have examined the impact of these changes on opioid pharmacology. In these studies, we examined the effects of NVP on the development of tolerance, dependence, and expression of withdrawal effects of morphine in the rat. Experimental rats were subjected to a colorectal distension procedure on postnatal days 4, 6, and 8 to induce NVP, while control rats were not exposed to the NVP procedure. All rats were gradually shaped to a terminal FR20 schedule reinforced by food presentation. Once responding was stable and reliable, saline was injected subcutaneously (SC) before behavioral sessions, and morphine was administered (SC) immediately after behavioral sessions. Morphine doses were increased one quarter‐log every 7 days, from 1.0 mg/kg, to a final dose of 30 mg/kg, upon which rats were maintained for the duration of the experiment. Various doses of the opioid antagonist naltrexone (NTX) were sometimes administered 10 min before behavioral sessions to precipitate withdrawal. For both groups of rats, NTX dose‐dependently suppressed response rates, indicative of a precipitated withdrawal effect on food‐maintained responding. However, NTX induced more pronounced rate suppression in NVP rats at all tested doses. These findings demonstrate that the changes in brain opioid systems elicited by NVP have persistent pharmacological consequences into adulthood, are consistent with our previous studies suggesting that NVP increases sensitivity to abuse‐related effects of opioids across development, and extend our characterization of this vulnerable phenotype to include an increased susceptibility to antagonist‐precipitated withdrawal. These studies supported by the UAMS Center for Translational Neuroscience (RR020146) and the UAMS Translational Research Institute (RR029884).
Software internationalisation in the Web services domain (2004)

The development of internationalisation-aware programming language support -- following on from the widespread adoption of the Unicode standard -- has meant that many of the localisation problems which have plagued developers have now been mitigated for the stand-alone application. As one generation of challenges is addressed, however, developments in technology and demand for services ensures that another will emerge. Among the more pressing issues for internationalisation research is the challenge of the web services domain, with the additional burden of real time adaptation and integration of resources from disparate locales.SAP is the world's largest vendor of enterprise systems, with a developing presence in the web services domain. Moreover, for SAP software internationalisation has always been a priority, having had its origins in the multilingual European environment. Thus market pressures to internationalise came early. This presentation explores the additional problems faced by the developer of internationalised web services, the need for integration with exisiting systems and and the role of emerging standards and XML based technologies in solving them.
Über die Alkylierung der rac. Dihydro‐nor‐lysergsäuren und Berichtigung zur 32. Mitteilung dieser Reihe. 33. Mitteilung über Mutterkornalkaloide (1954)

Abstract Es wird die Darstellung der vier isomeren, racemischen Dihydro‐lysergsäuren und mehrerer Homologer der rac. Dihydro‐lysergsäure(1) durch Hydrierung der Dihydro‐nor‐lysergsäure‐methylester mit Form‐aldehyd bzw. höheren aliphatischen Aldehyden in Gegenwart von Raney ‐Nickel beschrieben.
A study of the syntheses and properties of the cobalt triad of metal complexes of [2n]cyclophanes (1988)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA study of the syntheses and properties of the cobalt triad of metal complexes of [2n]cyclophanesKlaus Dieter Plitzko and Virgil BoekelheideCite this: Organometallics 1988, 7, 7, 1573–1582Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1988Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1988https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/om00097a021https://doi.org/10.1021/om00097a021research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views476Altmetric-Citations18LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
BMP Signaling and Iron Homeostasis (2022)

Iron is an essential nutrient that is critical for fundamental cellular and organismal processes including oxygen transport and energy generation. However, excess iron can catalyze the formation of toxic free oxygen radicals. Cellular and systemic iron homeostasis are therefore tightly regulated to titrate the iron supply to match iron needs. The master regulator of systemic iron homeostasis is the liver hormone hepcidin, which binds and degrades the iron exporter ferroportin to limit iron release from dietary sources and body stores. To maintain normal systemic iron homeostasis, liver hepcidin production is coordinated by a number of signals that communicate body iron needs. Iron deficiency and anemia suppress hepcidin production to increase iron availability for red blood cell production and other essential functions. Conversely, increases in serum or tissue iron stimulate hepcidin production to prevent iron overload. Inflammation also stimulates hepcidin production to restrict iron availability to infectious microorganisms. Abnormal regulation of the hepcidin‐ferroportin axis has a pathogenic role in most disorders of systemic iron homeostasis including the anemia of inflammation, the iron overload disorder hereditary hemochromatosis, and iron‐loading anemias such as beta‐thalassemia. We have discovered a key role for the bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)‐SMAD signaling pathway in controlling liver hepcidin transcription. This talk will present recent insights into how BMP‐SMAD signaling coordinates liver hepcidin transcription in response to body iron levels and the iron demand of red blood cell production to maintain systemic iron homeostasis.
Dynamic reusability-based replication with network address mapping in CMPs (2012)

In a Chip MultiProcessor(CMP) with shared caches, the last level cache is distributed across all the cores. This increases the on-chip communication delay and thus influence the processor's performance. Replication can be provided in shared caches to reduce the on-chip communication delay. However, current proposals do not take into account replicating blocks's access characteristics and how to make the best of replicas, which have limited performance benefit. In this paper, we observe that reusability of cache blocks influences the availability of replication scheme severely. Based on this observation, we propose Dynamic Reusability-based Replication (DRR), a novel cache design to exploit efficient replicas management using blocks's reuse pattern. DRR monitors the recent referenced cache blocks' access pattern, and replicates the blocks with high reusability to appropriate L2 slices, and the replicated copies can be shared by their nearby cores. We evaluate DRR for 16-core system using splash-2 and parsec benchmarks. DRR improves performance by 30% on average over conventional shared cache design, 16% over Victim Replication(VR), 8% over Adaptive Selected Replication (ASR), and 25% over R-NUCA.
A DNA-dependent stress response involving DNA-PK occurs in hypoxic cells and contributes to cellular adaptation to hypoxia (2011)

DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PK) is involved in DNA double-strand break (DSB) signalling and repair. We report that DNA-PK is activated by mild hypoxia conditions (0.1-1% O₂) as shown by (1) its autophosphorylation on Ser2056, and (2) its mobilisation from a soluble nucleoplasmic compartment to a less extractable nuclear fraction. The recruitment of DNA-PK was not followed by activation and recruitment of the XRCC4-DNA-ligase-IV complex, suggesting that DSBs are not responsible for activation of DNA-PK. To unravel the mechanism of DNA-PK activation, we show that exposure of cells to trichostatin A, a histone deacetylase inhibitor, leads to DNA-PK autophosphorylation and relocalisation to DNA. Histone acetylation (mainly H3K14) is increased in hypoxic cells and treatment with anacardic acid, an inhibitor of histone acetyl transferase, prevented both histone modifications and DNA-PK activation in hypoxic conditions. Importantly, in using either silenced DNA-PK cells or cells exposed to a specific DNA-PK inhibitor (NU7026), we demonstrated that hypoxic DNA-PK activation positively regulates the key transcription factor HIF-1 and one subsequent target gene, GLUT1. Our results show that hypoxia initiates chromatin modification and consequently DNA-PK activation, which positively regulate cellular oxygen-sensing and oxygen-signalling pathways.
Complex impedance studies of lithium iodine batteries (1990)

Complex impedance spectra of conductivity cells containing iodine-poly-2-vinylpiridine cathode material has been taken by two- and four-probe techniques. The impedance spectra contain a current-independent bulk resistance in series with a current-dependent interfacial resistance. The current-dependent interfacial resistance has the characteristics expected of a charge-transfer resistance. Electronically blocked (lithium-lithium iodide) electrodes give the same result as nonblocked (stainless steel) electrodes. This is exactly what would be expected if the medium were an ionic conductor. Complex impedance spectra of lithium-iodine batteries show additional structure, as might be expected, but are consistent with results from the conductivity cells.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
DNA folds threaten genetic stability and can be leveraged for chemotherapy (2020)

Damaging DNA is a current and efficient strategy to fight against cancer cell proliferation. Numerous mechanisms exist to counteract DNA damage, collectively referred to as the DNA damage response (DDR) and which are commonly dysregulated in cancer cells. Precise knowledge of these mechanisms is necessary to optimise chemotherapeutic DNA targeting. New research on DDR has uncovered a series of promising therapeutic targets, proteins and nucleic acids, with application notably <i>via</i> an approach referred to as combination therapy or combinatorial synthetic lethality. In this review, we summarise the cornerstone discoveries which gave way to the DNA being considered as an anticancer target, and the manipulation of DDR pathways as a valuable anticancer strategy. We describe in detail the DDR signalling and repair pathways activated in response to DNA damage. We then summarise the current understanding of non-B DNA folds, such as G-quadruplexes and DNA junctions, when they are formed and why they can offer a more specific therapeutic target compared to that of canonical B-DNA. Finally, we merge these subjects to depict the new and highly promising chemotherapeutic strategy which combines enhanced-specificity DNA damaging and DDR targeting agents. This review thus highlights how chemical biology has given rise to significant scientific advances thanks to resolutely multidisciplinary research efforts combining molecular and cell biology, chemistry and biophysics. We aim to provide the non-specialist reader a gateway into this exciting field and the specialist reader with a new perspective on the latest results achieved and strategies devised.
Polarization Conversion-Based Ambient Backscatter System (2020)

In Ambient Backscatter Communications (AmBC), a backscatter device communicates by modulating the ambient radio frequency (RF) signal impinging at its antenna. In many cases, the system setup is bi-static such that the receiver and the ambient signal source are separated in space. This configuration suffers from the direct path interference problem. The direct signal component can be several orders of magnitude stronger than the scattered one. This imposes a challenge for the receiver that needs to have high dynamic range in order not to lose the scattered signal component to the quantization noise. In this paper, we propose a novel AmBC system concept, in which a polarization conversion between the direct and scattered path is introduced at the backscatter device and exploited at the dual polarization based receiver antenna to mitigate the direct path interference. The proposed system is agnostic to the ambient signal source characteristics as long as it uses linearly polarized antennas. The backscatter device changes the polarization from linear to circular. The receiver antenna is a circularly polarized patch antenna with a 180°-hybrid to obtain the difference between the left- and right-hand polarized fields. Ideally, this receiver antenna and 180°-hybrid combination would completely remove linearly polarized direct path and reflected components. In this paper, we propose a robust design that can mitigate the direct path signal power more than 25 dB despite nonidealities in the antenna manufacturing.
Synthesis of l-4,4-Difluoroglutamic Acid via Nucleophilic Addition to a Chiral Aldehyde (2001)

Fluorine-containing derivatives of amino acids are assuming increasing importance as probes of biological function and enzyme mechanism. We now report a new, flexible route to enantiomerically pure L-4,4-difluoroglutamic acid that exploits the addition of difluorinated nucleophiles to configurationally stable alpha-aminoaldehydes. Conversion of the difluorinated adducts to L-4,4-difluoroglutamic acid can be accomplished in three steps by Barton-McCombie dehydroxylation and acid hydrolysis.
Decomposition of multiple-valued functions (2002)

This paper presents a generalized method for decomposition of multiple-valued functions. The main reason for using the described method is efficient implementation of logic circuits as well as effective representation of data in information systems. In logic synthesis, the method reduces the demand for silicon space required to implement designs. It is shown that the decomposition technique leads to additional compressing capabilities in PLA implementations. Another very promising area of application of decomposition is its effective representation of data in information systems, data bases and in other applications of information storing systems.
Induction of action potentials in frog slow muscle fibres paralysed by α-bungarotoxin (1981)

Slow muscle fibres in the frog are normally incapable of generating action potentials. However, several days after an intramuscular injection of alpha - bungarotoxin, they acquire the ability to generate action potentials. It appears that alpha -bungarotoxin induces the action potential mechanism in slow fibres because it blocks acetylcholine receptors, and thus interferes with the action of non-quantal acetylcholine leaking from nerve terminals, or because the toxin has some other, as yet undefined, action on nerve or muscle.
Performance Analysis and Optimization of 3D Massive MIMO Multi-Pair Relaying with SWIPT (2020)

In this paper, we study a massive multiple-input multiple-output (mMIMO) relay network where multiple source-destination pairs exchange information through a common relay equipped with a massive antenna array. The source users perform simultaneous wireless information and power transfer (SWIPT) and the power-splitting (PS) scheme is used at the relay to first harvest energy from the received signals, and then, to transmit the decoded signals using the harvested energy. Relay performs maximum ratio combining/maximum ratio transmission (MRC/MRT) beam-forming on the received signal. Under the three-dimensional (3D) directional channel model, we derive a closed-form lower bound expression for the average signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio using results from random matrix theory, which leads to an asymptotic approximation of the achievable sum-rate. Based on that, we study a joint optimization problem over the tilt and PS ratio to maximize the achievable sum-rate. Grid search algorithm is used to solve the non-convex problem. Simulation results verify our theoretical analysis and the efficiency of our optimized design. In particular, our optimized system outperforms a conventional system with $π/4$ tilt and PS of $0.5$, by at least $61\%$.
Solid–Vapor Reaction Growth of Transition‐Metal Dichalcogenide Monolayers (2016)

Two-dimensional (2D) layered semiconducting transition-metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) are promising candidates for next-generation ultrathin, flexible, and transparent electronics. Chemical vapor deposition (CVD) is a promising method for their controllable, scalable synthesis but the growth mechanism is poorly understood. Herein, we present systematic studies to understand the CVD growth mechanism of monolayer MoSe2 , showing reaction pathways for growth from solid and vapor precursors. Examination of metastable nanoparticles deposited on the substrate during growth shows intermediate growth stages and conversion of non-stoichiometric nanoparticles into stoichiometric 2D MoSe2 monolayers. The growth steps involve the evaporation and reduction of MoO3 solid precursors to sub-oxides and stepwise reactions with Se vapor to finally form MoSe2 . The experimental results and proposed model were corroborated by ab initio Car-Parrinello molecular dynamics studies.
Feasibility of non-linear image registration for radiotherapy treatment planning with gamma camera PET (2004)

This paper describes our initial experiences of radiotherapy treatment planning with gamma camera PET, in particular the application of non-linear image registration. Preliminary investigations have involved patients with non-small cell lung cancer who first underwent 18F-FDG gamma camera PET and CT with a GE Millennium VG Hawkeye system and later received Philips AcQSim virtual simulation CT for radiotherapy treatment planning. Firstly, the Hawkeye CT is aligned to the planning CT using a novel method of automatic non-linear registration, which provides a robust pseudo-elastic deformation and incorporates a constraint that ensures the transformation between the two images is smooth and continuous. Secondly, since the gamma camera PET and Hawkeye CT examinations are carried out sequentially, PET images are well registered to the Hawkeye CT. Therefore, the Hawkeye CT to planning CT image transformation derived by the non-linear algorithm can be applied directly to the gamma camera PET to provide the necessary PET to planning CT registration. The registered PET images can be imported into virtual simulation and treatment planning systems and displayed alongside the original planning CT. Radiotherapy clinicians can then utilize the additional functional information when delineating relevant structures. Comparison with conventional affine registration demonstrates the significant contribution of the non-linear algorithm, particularly for cases with pronounced differences in patient positioning between the PET imaging and planning CT.
Involvement of endogenous tachykinins in LTD4-induced airway responses (1996)

Leukotriene D4-(LTD4) has been reported to cause tachykinin release from airway sensory nerves. However, the functional significance of endogenously released tachykinins in LTD4-mediated airway responses has not been fully clarified. The aim of this study was to investigate whether LTD4-induced airway responses are due, in part, to tachykinin release in guinea-pigs. Airway plasma exudation and bronchoconstriction were assessed by measuring extravasation of Evans blue dye and by mean pulmonary resistance (RL) in the presence of atropine (1 mg.kg-1 i.v.) and propranolol (1 mg.kg-1 i.v.), respectively. LTD4 (5 micrograms.mL-1 for 1 min) inhalation caused increase in plasma exudation and RL. Capsaicin pretreatment of animals to deplete sensory neuropeptides significantly inhibited LTD4-induced plasma exudation in the main bronchi, but not in the central (cIPA) and peripheral intrapulmonary airways (pIPA). Pretreatment with specific tachykinin neurokinin-1 (NK1)-receptor antagonists, FK 888 (10 mg.kg-1 i.v.) and CP 96345 (4 mg.kg-1 i.v.), also significantly reduced LTD4-induced plasma exudation in the main bronchi, and in the main bronchi and cIPA, respectively. However, these antagonists did not significantly affect the LTD4-induced increase in RL. In contrast, neurokinin-2 (NK2)-receptor antagonist, SR 48968 (0.3 mg.kg-1 i.v.), significantly inhibited the bronchoconstriction after LTD4-inhalation. These results suggest that leukotriene D4-induced bronchoconstriction and plasma exudation in guinea-pigs are, in part, due to tachykinin release from airway sensory nerves.
Preparation and Physical Properties of MgB2. (2002)

MgB2 superconductors were prepared by annealing of a mixture of B and gas-atomized Mg powders. The superconducting onset temperature of 40 K and Zero resistance temperature of 37 K were obtained for the samples annealed at 1073 K for 50 h or annealed at 1073 K for 12 h and then 1173 K for 24 h. The annealing at higher temperatures and/or for longer times causes a reduction in superconductivity. MgB2 was also fabricated by using AZ31 or AZ91 alloy powders. The superconducting onset temperature of MgB2 made from AZ91 alloy powder decreases to 37 K due to the addition of Al.
Enhancing Bayesian PET image reconstruction using neural networks (2017)

The performance of smoothness-enforced Bayesian PET image reconstruction is strongly affected by the weight on regularization. Compromises need to be made between variance and spatial resolution. In this work, we propose to use an artificial neural network (ANN) to fuse the image versions reconstructed from a maximum a posteriori (MAP) algorithm with different regularizing weights for quantitative improvement. Using the BrainWeb phantoms, we simulated PET data at different count levels for different subjects with and without lesions. We designed an ANN and trained it using MAP reconstructions with different regularization parameters for one normal subject at a specific count level. Reconstructed images from the simulations with lesions, of other count levels, and of other subjects were fused using the trained ANN. In all of the testing experiments, the designed ANN fusion keeps the noise level as low as what the MAP algorithm achieves at heavy regularization while significantly reduces the bias or improves the lesion contrast. We conclude that the proposed ANN fusion method removes the need for tuning the regularization of the MAP algorithm.