gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Microsoft COCO Captions: Data Collection and Evaluation Server (2015)

In this paper we describe the Microsoft COCO Caption dataset and evaluation server. When completed, the dataset will contain over one and a half million captions describing over 330,000 images. For the training and validation images, five independent human generated captions will be provided. To ensure consistency in evaluation of automatic caption generation algorithms, an evaluation server is used. The evaluation server receives candidate captions and scores them using several popular metrics, including BLEU, METEOR, ROUGE and CIDEr. Instructions for using the evaluation server are provided.
Effects of intraruminal administration of polyol to sheep (1984)

Abstract In‐vitro incubations were used to study the effect of intraruminal administration of a mixture of the polyhydric alcohols, arabinitol, xylitol, galactitiol, mannitol and sorbitol, on fermentation pattern and the fate of the polyhydric alcohols. Incubations were carried out with rumen fluid taken from sheep before receiving polyol and after 2 and 3 weeks of intraruminal administration of 2.12 g polyol DM/kg live wt. 0.75 per day to observe effects of adaptation. Inclusion of polyol in incubations with unadapted rumen fluid had little effect on the volatile fatty acid pattern. However, with adaptation there was a shift in the fermentation pattern in the presence of polyol towards a higher acetate: propionate ratio. The hexitols rapidly disappeared in all the incubations, while the pentitols were more resistant to fermentation. Significantly faster fermentation of arabinitol by rumen fluid from sheep which had received polyol indicated that adaptation had taken place. In the incubations with adapted microbes, xylitol was significantly more resistant to fermentation than arabinitol; after 6 h incubation, approximately half the xylitol and only one fifth of the arabinitol remained unfermented. Analysis of duodenal digesta from adapted sheep which were receiving polyol showed that most of the small amount of pentitol which entered the small intestine did so within 2–3 h of dosing. Despite the apparent resistance of pentitols to rumen fermentation, only 1.0% of the arabinitol and 1.8% of the xylitol in the daily dose entered the small intestine.
Residential Fiber Optic Subscriber Loops: Information Pipeline or Technology Pipedream? (1986)

Fiber optic systems are now being considered for the "last mile" of the telecommunications network, the distribution portion of the subscriber loop. Early promoters have emphasized the enormous potential of fiber as an information pipeline. They view fiber as the key to revolutionizing the way in which we receive and interact with data in the developing information society. The investment of both technical and economic resources required to develop and deploy fiber optic systems for residential subscriber loops, however, will demand real economic returns. This will dictate new approaches to both the technology and the business strategies that strive to bring the system costs in line with the value of the information being carried. These approaches must also recognize the competitive service environment that is developing in the area of local distribution. This paper considers some of the major issues currently affecting the development of subscriber loop applications for fiber optics and their impact on technical and market requirements.
Analysis of anthropogenic CO2signal in ICARTT using a regional chemical transport model and observed tracers (2007)

Atmospheric CO2 inversion studies infer surface sources and sinks from observations and models. These studies usually require determination of the fossil fuel component of the observation, which can be estimated using anthropogenic tracers such as CO. The objective of this study is to demonstrate a new CO tracer method that accounts for overlapping forest fire and photochemical CO influences, and to quantify several aspects of the uncertainty in the CO tracer technique. Photochemistry model results and observations from the International Consortium for Atmospheric Research on Transport and Transformation experiment are used to quantify changes in the fossil fuel CO2 prediction from the CO tracer method with and without the inclusion of CO from biomass burning and photochemistry. Although the chemical sources and sinks tend to offset each other, there are regions where the chemical reactions change fossil fuel CO2 predictions by up to ±4 ppm. Including biomass burning lowers fossil fuel CO2 by an average of 12 ppm in plumes heavily influenced by long-range transport of forest fire CO. An alternate fossil fuel CO2 calculation is done in a power plant plume using SO2 as a tracer, giving a change in 20 ppm from the CO method, indicative of uncertainty in the assumed CO:CO2 ratio.
Nuestra Shoá: Dictaduras, Holocausto y represión en tres novelas judeorioplatenses (2009)

La globalización de la cultura de memoria junto con la globalización del discurso del Holocausto presenta la Shoá como un tropo universal para referir al trauma histórico en distintos contextos locales.(1) Es precisamente el surgimiento del Holocausto como la cifra de una totalidad representativa del siglo veinte lo que permite que su memoria se ancle en situaciones específicas, que se distinguen histórica y políticamente del evento original. Este proceso ocurre debido al hecho de que a pesar de las diferencias, las prácticas políticas de sitios de memoria son todavía prácticas nacionales, no postnacionales o globales, según afirma Huyssen: el recordar el horror del pasado se transforma mediante el tropo universal en un acto doble de memorización, que alude simultáneamente a dos planos muy distintos y similares a la vez (14). Cabe aclarar que la modificación del discurso del Holocausto no implica la conversión del evento histórico original en banal sino, en cambio, abre espacio a representaciones de otros traumas nacionales y locales silenciados hasta el momento. Por ende, el tropo de la Shoá permite cumplir con la demanda de memorizar el pasado para no repetirlo, particularmente cuando se refiere a los reclamos por parte de las víctimas de reconocer las injusticias del pasado y sus derechos de memoria colectiva.
Hyperfine Splitting in HOCO from ab Initio Calculations (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTHyperfine Splitting in HOCO from ab Initio CalculationsIan CarmichaelCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1994, 98, 23, 5896–5901Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1994https://doi.org/10.1021/j100074a013Request reuse permissionsArticle Views69Altmetric-Citations14LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (677 KB) Get e-Alerts
Deleted in Malignant Brain Tumors 1 is Present in the Vascular Extracellular Matrix and Promotes Angiogenesis (2011)

Taken together, the results of this study indicate that DMBT1 functions as an important endothelium-derived ECM protein that is able to bind angiogenic factors and promote adhesion, migration, proliferation, and angiogenesis as well as vascular repair. Mechanistically, DMBT1 interacts with galectin-3 and modulates the Notch signaling pathway as well as the differential expression of ephrin-B2 and EphB4.
Chlorinated Hydrocarbons in Human Bone Marrow of Healthy Individuals and Leukemia Patients (1996)

In this pilot study, concentrations of chlorinated hydrocarbons in bone marrow were determined by capillary-column gas chromatography. Bone marrow was obtained from a total of 29 healthy adults and from patients with leukemia or lymphoma. The chlorinated hydrocarbons in adults that occurred in the highest concentrations were dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane and its derivatives (mean = 129 mg/g DNA). Hexachlorobenzene, the hexachlorohexane isomers, and dieldrin were also found, but in reduced concentrations (i.e., mean concentrations: 49.5 mg/g DNA, 14.9 mg/g DNA, and 5.9 mg/g DNA, respectively). Patients who had leukemia and lymphoma did not have significantly increased concentrations of chlorinated hydrocarbons.
Characterization of a new genotype and serotype of infectious bronchitis virus in Western Africa (2009)

Between 2002 and 2007, more than 1000 chickens from commercial farms, live bird markets and backyard farms in Nigeria and Niger were tested for the presence of the infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) genome. Phylogenetic analysis of full-length sequences of the spike 1 (S1) gene revealed a new genotype of IBV that we refer to as 'IBADAN'. The minimum genetic distance to the closest 'non-IBADAN' strains (UK/7/93 at the nucleotide level; H120 and M41 at the amino acid level) reached 24 and 32 % at the nucleotide and amino acid levels, respectively. The full genome of the IBADAN reference strain (NGA/A116E7/2006) had a genetic distance of 9.7-16.4 % at the nucleotide level with all available fully sequenced strains. As IBV S1 plays a major role in antigenicity, the antigenic relatedness of NGA/A116E7/2006 was compared with strains of other serotypes. NGA/A116E7/2006 did not cross-react with antisera against IT02, M41, D274, Connecticut or 793/B strains in virus neutralization assays. NGA/A116E7/2006 cross-reacted with the QX-like strain ITA/90254/2005 but only to a low level (antigenic relatedness of 33 %), suggesting that IBADAN also represents a new serotype. A comparison of S1 sequences identified several amino acids that may play a role in IBV antigenicity. Despite the absence of obvious clinical signs in poultry infected by IBADAN strains, it is important to test the cross-protection of current vaccine strains.
Making the most of sperm activation responses: experiments with boar spermatozoa and bicarbonate (2018)

Attempting to extract useful and reliable information about semen quality and its fertility potential remains a difficult exercise, partly because the sperm heterogeneity within samples often renders simple statistical analyses rather meaningless. In fact, a mean and standard deviation may reflect neither the very fast swimming activities of the most active cells nor the slow and sluggish activities of others. Herein we propose that the information value within semen samples can be maximised if current knowledge about sperm activation mechanisms is exploited before undertaking the measurements. We explain, using boar semen as an example, that estimating and defining relative sperm subpopulation sizes, after activation by bicarbonate, provides a means of quantifying sperm quality. Although such estimates may indeed be related to in vivo fertility, the general approach also suggests potential new avenues that could be exploited for the elaboration of novel in vitro tests for the characterisation of toxic environmental chemicals and, indeed, to reduce the number of animals used in such testing programs.
GSK3β-Mediated Expression of CUG-Translated WT1 Is Critical for Tumor Progression (2020)

The <i>Wilms' tumor 1</i> (<i>WT1</i>) gene is well known as a chameleon gene. It plays a role as a tumor suppressor in Wilms' tumor but also acts as an oncogene in other cancers. Previously, our group reported that a canonical AUG starting site for the WT1 protein (augWT1) acts as a tumor suppressor, whereas a CUG starting site for the WT1 protein (cugWT1) functions as an oncogene. In this study, we report an oncogenic role of cugWT1 in the AOM/DSS-induced colon cancer mouse model and in a urethane-induced lung cancer model in mice lacking cugWT1. Development of chemically-induced tumors was significantly depressed in cugWT1-deficient mice. Moreover, glycogen synthase kinase 3β promoted phosphorylation of cugWT1 at S64, resulting in ubiquitination and degradation of the cugWT1 associated with the F-box<sup>-/-</sup> WD repeat-containing protein 8. Overall, our findings suggest that inhibition of cugWT1 expression provides a potential candidate target for therapy. SIGNIFICANCE: These findings demonstrate that CUG-translated WT1 plays an oncogenic role <i>in vivo</i>, and GSK3β-mediated phosphorylation of cugWT1 induces its ubiquitination and degradation in concert with FBXW8.
Correction to “NanoCrystal: A Web-Based Crystallographic Tool for the Construction of Nanoparticles Based on Their Crystal Habit” (2019)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVErratumNEXTORIGINAL ARTICLEThis notice is a correctionCorrection to "NanoCrystal: A Web-Based Crystallographic Tool for the Construction of Nanoparticles Based on Their Crystal Habit"Alexios ChatzigoulasAlexios ChatzigoulasMore by Alexios Chatzigoulas, Konstantina KarathanouKonstantina KarathanouMore by Konstantina Karathanou, Dimitris DellisDimitris DellisMore by Dimitris Dellis, and Zoe Cournia*Zoe CourniaMore by Zoe CourniaCite this: J. Chem. Inf. Model. 2019, 59, 4, 1681Publication Date (Web):April 1, 2019Publication History Published online1 April 2019Published inissue 22 April 2019https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acs.jcim.9b00251https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jcim.9b00251correctionACS PublicationsCopyright © 2019 American Chemical Society. This publication is available under these Terms of Use. Request reuse permissions This publication is free to access through this site. Learn MoreArticle Views1231Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail PDF (181 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Cell Surface Antibody Retention Influences In Vivo Antitumor Activity Mediated by Antibody-dependent Cellular Cytotoxicity (2016)

Our results suggest that high cell surface retention can result in potent ADCC activity in vivo. This observation could provide novel insight into how effectively screen for antibodies with strong in vivo antitumor activity.
High Frequency Attenuation in Suspensions (1953)

Ultrasonic attenuation in suspensions of lycopodium spores (diameter = 3 × 10−3 cm) in water has been measured by the pulse method at fifteen megacycles. The attenuation coefficient has been determined as a function of concentration, and also as a function of temperature at two different concentrations. The losses are mainly due to scattering. The results are compared with the theoretical treatment of Epstein. Further work is in progress at other frequencies, and also with particles of smaller diameters. A report will be made on these results.
Comparison of modifiable health behaviours between persons with and without cancer: the Multiethnic Cohort (2011)

The modest differences found between adult cancer survivors and persons with no history of cancer suggest that a diagnosis of cancer in itself may not be associated with improvements in health behaviours related to cancer and other chronic diseases.
Performance of TOA estimation techniques in indoor multipath channels (2003)

The problem of TOA (time of arrival) estimation in multipath channels is discussed. Brief introductions of TOA estimation techniques that can be used to improve the performance in multipath channels are presented. Some simulation results based on channel measurement data in the indoor environment is presented to demonstrate and compare the performance of different TOA estimation techniques.
Conversion of D-Glucose to D-Fructose by a Strain of Soil Bacteria (1960)

Journal Article Conversion of d-Glucose to d-Fructose by a Strain of Soil Bacteria Get access Nobuzo Tsumura, Nobuzo Tsumura Food Research Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, Tokyo Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Tomotaro Sato Tomotaro Sato Food Research Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, Tokyo Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Bulletin of the Agricultural Chemical Society of Japan, Volume 24, Issue 3, 1 May 1960, Pages 326–327, https://doi.org/10.1080/03758397.1960.10857673 Published: 01 May 1960 Article history Published: 01 May 1960 Received: 29 May 1960
Supplementary Figure 2 from EYA1 Phosphatase Function Is Essential to Drive Breast Cancer Cell Proliferation through Cyclin D1 (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Figure 2 - PDF file 53K, Supplementary Figure 2. MDA-MB-231 cells transduced with EYA1 shRNA or vector control were subjected to RT-PCR analysis for the relative abundance of cyclin D1 and EYA1&lt;/p&gt;
Muscle fibres and cultured muscle cells express the B7.1/2-related inducible co-stimulatory molecule, ICOSL: implications for the pathogenesis of inflammatory myopathies (2003)

Inducible co-stimulator ligand (ICOSL), a member of the B7 family of co-stimulatory molecules related to B7.1/2, regulates CD4 as well as CD8 T-cell responses via interaction with its receptor ICOS on activated T cells. Here we examined the expression and the functional relevance of ICOSL in human muscle cells in vivo and in vitro. We investigated 25 muscle biopsy specimens from patients with polymyositis, dermatomyositis, inclusion body myositis, Duchenne muscular dystrophy and non-myopathic controls for ICOSL expression by immunohistochemistry. Normal muscle fibres constitutively express low levels of ICOSL. However, ICOSL expression is markedly increased in muscle fibres in inflammatory myopathies. Cell surface staining was most prominent in the contact areas between muscle fibres and inflammatory cells, which in turn show expression of ICOS as a marker of T-cell activation. Muscle endothelial cells show constitutive expression of ICOSL under normal and pathological conditions. We also detected mRNA and cell surface protein expression of ICOSL on myoblasts cultured from control subjects and patients as well as in TE671 muscle rhabdomyosarcoma cells. ICOSL expression was upregulated by tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), whereas interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) had no such effect. Co-culture experiments of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II-positive myoblasts with CD4 T cells together with superantigen demonstrated that the expression of muscle-related ICOSL has functional consequences: the production of Th1 (IFN-gamma) and Th2 cytokines [interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-10] by CD4 T cells was markedly reduced in the presence of a neutralizing anti-ICOSL monoclonal antibody (mAb HIL-131), thus showing the importance of ICOSL co-stimulation for T-cell activation. Taken together, our results demonstrate that human muscle cells express ICOSL, a functional co-stimulatory molecule distinct from B7.1 and B7.2. ICOSL-ICOS interactions may play an important role in inflammatory myopathies, providing further evidence for the antigen-presenting capacity of muscle cells.
Synthesis, Structures, and Reactivity of Two Compounds Containing the Tancoite-like [Ga(HPO4)2F]2-∞ Chain (2000)

Compounds containing the one-dimensional macroanion [Ga(HPO4)2F]2- have been synthesized using ambient and moderate solvothermal conditions, and their interconversion and reactivity studied. The anionic chains exist in the hydrated gallium fluorophosphate (1) Ga(HPO4)2F·(NH3(CH2)3NH3)·2H2O, synthesized at room temperature from an aqueous reaction. Heating 1 in air at 70 °C gives the dehydrated form 2 or Ga(HPO4)2F·(NH3(CH2)3NH3). 2 can also be solvothermally prepared at 120 °C from a water/DMF mixture and has been characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. It is orthorhombic (space group Pbcm (no. 57), a = 8.642(2) Å, b = 19.346(13) Å, c = 7.114(4) Å, V = 1189.3(11) Å3), and refined to R1(F) = 0.0384 and wR2(F2) = 0.0704 for reflections with I > 2σ(I). Both the structures contain anionic chains of corner-sharing GaO4F2 octahedra linked together via fluorine and PO4 tetrahedra, the topology of which is the same as in the aluminophosphate mineral tancoite. Both 1 and 2 when heated with water under hydrothermal conditions produce the open-framework, three-dimensional phase ULM-3 without addition of any other reagents. This process has been followed in situ with time-resolved energy-dispersive diffraction, which reveals that dissolution of the one-dimensional phase occurs before the rapid crystallization of ULM-3.
Sexual selection studies: A NESCent catalyst meeting (2014)

A catalyst meeting on sexual selection studies was held in July 2013 at the facilities of the National Evolutionary Synthesis Center (NESCent) in Durham, NC. This article by a subcommittee of the participants foregrounds some of the topics discussed at the meeting. Topics mentioned here include the relevance of heritability estimates to assessing the presence of sexual selection, whether sexual selection is distinct from natural selection, and the utility of distinguishing sexual selection from fecundity selection. A possible definition of sexual selection is offered based on a distinction between sexual selection as a frequency-dependent process and fecundity selection as a density-dependent process. Another topic highlighted is a deep disagreement among participants in the reality of good-genes, sexy-sons, and run-away processes. Finally, the status of conflict in political-economic theory is contrasted with the status accorded to conflict in evolutionary behavioral theory, and the professional responsibility of sexual-selection workers to consider the ethical dimension of their research is underscored.