gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Coherent detection of very narrow linewidth millimetre-wave and microwave signals (1993)

A coherent-detection technique for very narrow linewidth millimetre-wave and microwave signals is described. Wide laser linewidth is eliminated at the receiver by nonlinear operation. An experiment demonstrating such a technique with laser intermediate-frequency linewidth of 200 MHz is reported, where the resulting electrical linewidth is limited only by the resolution bandwidth of the spectrum analyser.
Bioaffinity immobilization of tannase from Aspergillus niger on concanavalin A–Sepharose CL‐4B (2002)

Tannase from Aspergillus niger van Teighem was immobilized on concanavalin A-Sepharose via bioaffinity interaction. The immobilized enzyme showed a pH optimum similar to that of the free enzyme. K(m) values for free and immobilized enzyme were 0.3 and 0.6 mM respectively. V(max) changed from 0.013 to 0.02 micromol x min(-1) upon immobilization. The immobilized preparation was quite stable to reuse, there was no loss of enzyme activity after three cycles and it retained 81% activity even after the sixth cycle. Ester hydrolysis using the immobilized enzyme led to a 40% conversion into gallic acid as compared with 30% obtained with the free enzyme.
Targeting Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2: It Is Time to Kill Kinase Death Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 3 (2007)

Rather than subjecting a 10-year-old boy with advanced differentiated thyroid carcinoma to bronchoalveolar lavage for exclusion of miliary tuberculosis, we would have endeavored to extirpate the papillary thyroid carcinoma en bloc from the thyroid bed at the initial operation in an effort to preclude eventual tracheal, esophageal, and recurrent laryngeal nerve invasion 3 and to maximize the effectiveness of radioiodine therapy. In experienced hands, complete resection of a papillary thyroid carcinoma extending into the juxtathyroidal tissue is often feasible at the initial operation, resulting in sustained local control in the neck. Conversely, the long-term effectiveness of radioiodine therapy on gross residual disease in the thyroid bed of patients with differentiated thyroid carcinoma remains unclear.
A Study on Estimation Model of the most Suitable Place for Traffic Closure Information in Highway (1997)

Traffic information is necessary to keep a state of smooth and comfortable traffic. In this paper, the most suitable place where the traffic closure information is given to derivers has been made clear with transportation behavior of drivers, duration time of traffic closure and traffic volume. The effects to offer the traffic closure information has been estimated by the difference between the loss due to waiting and making detours. In this study, we obtain the results that duration time and traffic volume effect the decision of the most suitable place for traffic closure information by computer simulations using artificial data.
Amyloid-Aggregate, Präseniline und die Alzheimer-Krankheit (1998)

Das Zusammenwirken von drei Proteasen ist für die Prozessierung des Proteins APP (695–770 Aminosäuren) zum kleinen β-Amyloid-Peptid (Aβ, 40–42 Aminosäuren) erforderlich. Aβ-Aggregate werden in den senilen Plaques von Alzheimer-Patienten gefunden und spielen beim Ausbruch dieser Krankheit eine entscheidende Rolle. Die Analyse verschiedener Faktoren, die zur Produktion und Aggregation von Aβ beitragen, hat das Verständnis des Mechanismus der Amyloidbildung erweitert und damit die Möglichkeiten für eine wirksame Therapie verbessert.
Arrival times for optical pulses in negative refractive index media (2006)

We show that arrival times for electromagnetic pulses measured through the rate of absorption in an ideal impedance matched detector are equivalent to the arrival times using the average flow of optical energy as proposed by Peatross {\it et al.} [ Phys. Rev. Lett. {\bf 84}, 2370 (2000)]. We then investigate the transport of optical pulses through dispersive media with negative dielectric permittivity and negative refractive index choosing the geometry such that no resonant effects come into play. For evanescent waves, the definitions of the group delay and the reshaping delay get interchanged in comparison to propagating waves. The total delay times for the evanescent waves can be negative in an infinite plasma medium even for broad-band pulses. The total time is, however, positive for broad band pulses in the presence of an interface when the radiation is detected outside the plasma. We find evidence of the Hartman effect for pulses when the distance traversed in the plasma is much smaller than the free space pulse length. We also show that for a negative refractive index medium(NRM) with $\epsilon(\omega)$ = $\mu(\omega)$ the reshaping delay for propagating waves is identically zero. The total delay time in NRM is otherwise dominated by the reshaping delay time, and for broad band pulses in NRM the total delay time is subluminal.
Helicobacter pylori infection among patients with liver cirrhosis (2018)

aDepartment of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Torino bDepartment of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, Siena, Italy Correspondence to Antonio Ponzetto, MD, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Corso AM Dogliotti 14, 10126 Torino, Italy Tel: +39 011 670 8483; fax: +39 011 633 4515; e-mails: [email protected], [email protected]
The Spontaneously Diabetic Wistar Rat: Metabolic and Morphologic Studies (1977)

A new, spontaneously diabetic syndrome has been recognized in nonobese outbred Wistar rats of both sexes. The age at detection of first glycosuria has varied from 48 to 120 days, with a mean of 67 days. Eighteen rats have been studied, 14 untreated and four during and after cessation of insulin treatment. The affected animals have demonstrated a spectrum of severity, with hyperglycemia (252-732 mg./dl.), hypoinsulinemia (0-1 ng./ml.), and hyperketonemia. The severely ketotic rats, with total blood ketone body levels between 6 and 13 mM, showed rapid loss in weight and dehydration over one to six days. The moderately ketotic (1-5 mM) declined gradually in weight over 15 days, with marked polyuria and glycosuria. The stable rats, with ketonemia less than 1 mM, sustained their weights, polyuria, and glycosuria for longer than 40 days. A relative or absolute increase in plasma immunoreactive glucagon and elevated levels of free fatty acids and branched-chain amino acids were observed in relation to the severity of the syndrome. Intraperitoneal arginine or tolbutamide elicited no insulin response, but the glucagon response to arginine was exaggerated. Pancreatic insulin content was normal or moderately decreased. Light-microscopic examination of pancreases of ketotic animals at the end stage of the disease showed islets to be very small and rare, consisting virtually of non-beta cells. In stable and earlier ketotic rats, the islets were small, with reduction in beta-cell number and a striking inflammatory cell infiltration. Surviving beta cells showed variable degranulation. This model of spontaneous diabetes in nonobese rats displays insulin deficiency, glucagon excess, and ketosis, with a dramatic inflammatory lesion during active beta-cell destruction.
Log-Transform Kernel Density Estimation of Income Distribution (2016)

Standard kernel density estimation methods are very often used in practice to estimate density functions. It works well in numerous cases. However, it is known not to work so well with skewed, multimodal and heavy-tailed distributions. Such features are usual with income distributions, defined over the positive support. In this paper, we show that a preliminary logarithmic transformation of the data, combined with standard kernel density estimation methods, can provide a much better fit of the density estimation.
Absorption properties of the bottom novolac layer in multilayer resist systems (1988)

A novolac resin suitable for the bottom planarizing layer in multilayer resist systems is discussed from the standpoint of exposure wavelength absorption. Absorption by the bottom planarizing layer is crucial to reduce the reflected light from the resist–substrate interface. It was clarified that the absorption of phenol novolac resin was higher than that of the cresol novolac resin under the same baking conditions. From infrared and nuclear magnetic resonance analysis, it was found that carbonyl structures were formed in the novolac resin after baking. In addition, cross-linking was found to occur at the methylene bridges in the phenol novolac resins. These factors seem to cause the absorption maxima to shift to a longer wavelength.
OC09.03: Contribution of the amniocentesis for the ultrasound prediction of spontaneous preterm delivery in women with preterm labour (2019)

Accurate and rapid identification of women with a high-risk of spontaneous preterm birth (sPTB) remains a major clinical challenge in the management of women with preterm labour (PTL). To select those with the highest risk to deliver within 48h would help clinicians to individualise the management regarding antenatal steroids administration, transfer to NICU hospitals, neuroprotection, avoiding unnecessary over-treatments if the risk is low. The aim of the project was to develop an algorithm to predict sPTB within 48h in women admitted with symptoms of PTL. Prospective cohort study (2008-2017) including women with PTL< 34 weeks with an amniocentesis at admission to rule out intra-amniotic infection and inflammation. Three different logistic regression models were constructed for the prediction of sPTB within 48h. The first (model 1) included gestational age (GA), and US cervical length (LC) measurement at admission. The second (model 2) and third (model 3) added amniocentesis to model 1 including glucose (model 2) and glucose and IL-6 (expressed as log unit) (model 3). Diagnostic indices for the three models were assessed. 267 women were included, 65 (24%) of whom delivered in the following 48 hours. GA at admission was (median (25th; 75th percentile)) of 28.6 (25.3; 31.0) weeks, CL of 11 (5; 18) mm; AF glucose levels of 31 (18;43) g/dl and IL-6 levels of 2.5 (1.1; 20.1) ng/mL. The ROC curve of model 1 showed an area under the curve (AUC (95% Confidence interval (CI)) to predict sPTB within 48h of 0.67 (95%CI 0.60-0.76). Sensitivity (S) was of 40% and negative predictive value (NPV) of 82%. The ROC curve of Model 2 showed an AUC of 0.87 (95%CI 0.81-0.92). S was of 70% with a NPV of 90%. The ROC curve of Model 3 showed an AUC of 0.90 (95%CI 0.85-0.94). S was of 90% with a NPV of 96%. The model that integrated intra-amniotic glucose and IL-6 was that with the best performance for the prediction of the risk to deliver within 48h in women with PTL.
Analysis of Occupational Accidents by Mixing and Crushing Machines (2012)

粉砕機及び混合機による労働災害は年間あたり死亡災害が約10件，休業4日以上災害で約250件発生しているが，業種や機種，作業においてどの程度重篤な災害が発生しているのか，その実態は明らかにされていない．そこで，「労働損失日数の活用によるリスクの定量的評価手法」を用いて，これらの項目に対する全労働損失日数を算定しリスクの定量化を試みた．分析の結果，混合機・粉砕機全体での全労働損失日数は131.6×103日/年であった．ただし，この中には本来，食品加工用機械を起因物とすべき災害が19.5×103日/年含まれている．業種別では，清掃・と畜業，化学工業，食料品製造業，窯業土石製品製造業の順にリスクが高く，これら4業種にて全労働損失日数の約68%を占めていた．機種別では，破砕機・クラッシャー，攪拌機・混合機，粉砕機，食品加工用機械，混練機（ニーダー等）の順にリスクが高く，全体の約80%を占めていた．可動部別では，羽根・翼，刃，棒・軸（シャフト，ローター含）にて全体の約39%を占めていたが，これまで可動部として考慮されることの少なかったゲートや蓋などの開閉部のリスクが，これらに次いで高いことが明らかとなった．作業別では，清掃が最もリスクが高く，次いで保守・点検・修理，原料投入，運転・製造，詰まり除去の順であり，これらの作業にて全体の75%を占めていた．
(Invited) Vertical GaN Devices Enabled By Selective Area P-Type Doping (2017)

A key element for enabling high performance vertical GaN power electronic devices is the capability to realize selective area p-type doping. The ability to arbitrarily define p-type regions through ion implantation eliminates the need for epitaxial regrowth on etched surfaces, which is currently a well-known technological roadblock. However, activation of implanted Mg is also a challenge, since activation of the Mg acceptors requires annealing at temperatures above the thermodynamic stability limits of GaN in atmosphere. Implementing the symmetric multi cycle rapid thermal annealing (SMTRA) technique has been shown to activate up to ~10% of the implanted Mg dopant atoms. This technique includes a temporary thermally stable capping layer, annealing in a nitrogen overpressure, and performing a well-optimized annealing temperature profile including multiple spike anneals. Vertical GaN junction barrier Schottky (JBS) diodes and Schottky barrier diodes (SBDs) with implanted junction termination extension (JTE) are demonstrated using the SMRTA process, as are process module development toward trench MOSFET devices.
Hepatitis B virus mutations potentially conferring adefovir/tenofovir resistance in treatment-naive patients (2009)

Anti-hepatitis B virus (HBV) therapy leads to the emergence of mutant viral strains during the treatment of chronic hepatitis B with nucleos(t)ides analogues. The existence of HBV variants with primary antiviral resistance may be important for treatment choice. We studied two patients with chronic HBV infection by sequencing the HBV polymerase gene. They had adefovir-and tenofovir-related mutations in the viral polymerase, although they had never been treated. These mutations were rtV214A/rtN238T in one patient and rtA194T in the other. Thus, mutations in untreated patients deserve cautious surveillance. These data indicate that mutations that can theoretically confer adefovir or tenofovir resistance may emerge in treatmentnaive patients.
Screening for Prostate Cancer: U.S. Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement (2012)

The USPSTF recommends against PSA-based screening for prostate cancer (grade D recommendation).This recommendation applies to men in the general U.S. population, regardless of age. This recommendation does not include the use of the PSA test for surveillance after diagnosis or treatment of prostate cancer; the use of the PSA test for this indication is outside the scope of the USPSTF.
Dose-Dependent Protective Effect of Inhalational Anesthetics Against Postoperative Respiratory Complications: A Prospective Analysis of Data on File From Three Hospitals in New England (2016)

Intraoperative use of higher inhalational anesthetic doses is strongly associated with lower odds of postoperative respiratory complications, lower 30-day mortality, and lower cost of hospital care. The authors speculate based on these data that sedation with inhalational anesthetics outside of the operating room may likewise have protective effects that decrease the risk of respiratory complications in vulnerable patients.
Single-Particle Diffraction and Interference at a Macroscopic Scale (2006)

A droplet bouncing on a vertically vibrated bath can become coupled to the surface wave it generates. It thus becomes a "walker" moving at constant velocity on the interface. Here the motion of these walkers is investigated when they pass through one or two slits limiting the transverse extent of their wave. In both cases a given single walker seems randomly scattered. However, diffraction or interference patterns are recovered in the histogram of the deviations of many successive walkers. The similarities and differences of these results with those obtained with single particles at the quantum scale are discussed.
The Glass Effect in Distillate Fuel Stability (1958)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Glass Effect in Distillate Fuel StabilityJ. G. Christian, A. J. Chiantella, J. E. Johnson, and H. W. CarhartCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. 1958, 50, 8, 1153–1156Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1958Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1958https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie50584a034https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50584a034research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views23Altmetric-Citations4LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Visual tool for generative programming (2005)

A way of combining object-oriented and structural paradigms of software composition is demonstrated in a tool for generative programming. Metaclasses are introduced that are components with specifications called metainterfaces. Automatic code generation is used that is based on structural synthesis of programs. This guarantees that problems of handling data dependencies, order of application of components, usage of higher-order control structures etc are handled automatically. Specifications can be written either in a specification language or given visually on an architectural level. The tool is Java-based and portable.
HPV detection using "hot start" polymerase chain reaction in patients with oral cancer: a clinicopathological study of 64 patients. (1994)

We examined the incidence of human papillomavirus (HPV) in intraoral cancers from 64 patients as determined by the highly sensitive technique of "hot start" polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues. Polymerase-chain-reaction-amplified HPV DNA was detected in the carcinomas of 16 patients (25%). The percentage of men in the HPV-positive (HPV+) group was greater than that in the HPV-negative (HPV-) group (86% versus 68%), but the difference was not statistically significant. There was no intraoral site preference for the HPV+ tumors. The mean age of viral-positive and -negative groups was similar (55 versus 53.8 yr). Three of 16 HPV+ patients (19%) had never smoked cigarettes; however, 16% of the HPV- group had also never smoked. Of interest, 38% of patients interviewed had occupation-related exposures that may have contributed to their carcinogenesis, and a disproportionate percentage of these patients (57%) were from the HPV+ group. There were no statistically significant differences between HPV+ and HPV- cases regarding T stage, clinical stage, and tumor differentiation. The disease-free interval did not differ significantly for HPV+ and HPV- patients in total nor when patients were stratified for tumor stage and clinical stage. The only group that showed some difference in outcome was that of the stage III/IV patients with oral cancer. We observed a shorter survival time for the HPV+ patients as compared with the HPV- patients (P = 0.09). We conclude that, in general, HPV is associated with a minority of intraoral cancers and its presence is not predictive of patient outcome.
Synthesis of Boroxine-Linked Aluminum Complexes (2011)

The reaction of LAlH(2) (L = HC(CMeNAr)(2), Ar = 2,6-iPr(2)C(6)H(3)) (1) with 3-methylphenylboronic acid and 3-fluorophenylboronic acid resulted in the boroxine-linked aluminum compounds LAl[OB(3-CH(3)C(6)H(4))](2)(μ-O) (2) and LAl[OB(3-FC(6)H(4))](2)(μ-O) (3), respectively. LAl[OB(2-PhC(6)H(4))(OH)](2) (4) was synthesized by the reaction of 1 with 2-biphenylboronic acid. Compound 4 is the intermediate analogue to those, which we postulated for the formation of 2 and 3. The reaction of 1 with 3-hydroxyphenylboronic acid resulted in the first metal benzoboroxole oxide LAl[OB(o-CH(2)O)C(6)H(4)](2) (5), which is formed from a compound with B-(OH)(2) and C-OH functionalities.
ChemInform Abstract: FORMATION OF DIMETHYLGALLIUMOXY AND DICHLOROGALLIUMOXY GROUPS ON SILICA SURFACES AND CATALYSIS BY THE DICHLOROGALLIUMOXY GROUP (1980)

Abstract Wie IR‐Untersuchungen zeigen, läuft bei Einwirkung von GaMe 3 auf frische SiO 2 ‐Oberflächen in erster Linie Reaktion A ab.
Practitioner wellbeing as an interprofessional imperative (2019)

KEYWORDS: Interprofessional practicepractitioner wellbeingburnoutmoral distressinterprofessional collaboration
Geological prior information and its applications to geoscientific problems (2004)

Abstract Geological information can be used to solve many practical and theoretical problems, both within and outside of the discipline of geology. These include analysis of ground stability, predicting subsurface water or hydrocarbon reserves, assessment of risk due to natural hazards, and many others. In many cases, geological information is provided as an a priori component of the solution (i.e. information that existed before the solution was formed and which is incorporated into the solution). Such information is termed ‘geological prior information’. The key to the successful solution of such problems is to use only reliable geological information. In turn this requires that: (1) multiple geological experts are consulted and any conflicting views reconciled, (2) all prior information includes measures of confidence or uncertainty (without which its reliability and worth is unknown), and (3) as much information as possible is quantitative, and qualitative information or assumptions are clearly defined so that uncertainty or risk in the final result can be evaluated. This paper discusses each of these components and proposes a probabilistic framework for the use and understanding of prior information. We demonstrate the methodology implicit within this framework with an example: this shows how prior information about typical stacking patterns of sedimentary sequences allows aspects of 2-D platform architecture to be derived from 1-D geological data alone, such as that obtained from an outcrop section or vertical well. This example establishes how the extraction of quantitative, multi-dimensional, geological interpretations is possible using lower dimensional data. The final probabilistic description of the multi-dimensional architecture could then be used as prior information sequentially for a subsequent problem using exactly the same method.
Cold Start Approach for Data-Driven Fault Detection (2013)

A typical assumption in supervised fault detection is that abundant historical data are available prior to model learning, where all types of faults have already been observed at least once. This assumption is likely to be violated in practical settings as new fault types can emerge over time. In this paper we study this often overlooked cold start learning problem in data-driven fault detection, where in the beginning only normal operation data are available and faulty operation data become available as the faults occur. We explored how to leverage strengths of unsupervised and supervised approaches to build a model capable of detecting faults even if none are still observed, and of improving over time, as new fault types are observed. The proposed framework was evaluated on the benchmark Tennessee Eastman Process data. The proposed fusion model performed better on both unseen and seen faults than the stand-alone unsupervised and supervised models.