gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Commentary on refractory ischemic priapism. (2012)

In our experience treating more than 100 cases of ischemic priapism, we noted that most with less than 24-hour duration responded well to aspiration/evacuation and injection of a diluted alpha-adrenergic agent (phenylephrine). In those of less than 48-hour duration, the majority could be reversed by a standard T-shunt with #10 blade. In those who failed T-shunt or had more than 48-hour duration, T-shunt with tunneling was effective for the vast majority of patients. However, there are always exceptions to any general rule. The following two educational cases represent an example where a repeat T-shunt with tunneling procedure was needed to reverse the priapism. The various comments below illustrate sub-optimal management by less experienced urologists and our recommendations for the same situations. This report will also introduce a new Duration-directed Algorithm ( Figure 1 ), which we believe represents a more physiologic approach. In addition, we also propose a method to estimate ischemia time for standardize reporting of treatment outcome in clinical series.
The Professional Status of Clinical Chemists (1960)

Journal Article The Professional Status of Clinical Chemists Get access Clinical Chemistry, Volume 6, Issue 5, 1 October 1960, Pages 514–520, https://doi.org/10.1093/clinchem/6.5.514 Published: 01 October 1960
Extracellular protease imaging for cell mass tracking of xenografted human malignant pleural mesothelioma (2012)

Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is locally aggressive and challenging to quantitate non-invasively in vivo, particularly in orthotopic models of disease. We describe imaging of extracellular protease activity, typically elevated in locally aggressive tumors, as a novel method for tracking MPM in vivo. Mice bearing human MPM subcutaneous flank xenografted tumors were imaged with ProSense 680, an optical imaging agent of extracellular cysteine protease activity. The relative contribution of extracellular cysteine proteases to the ProSense tumor signal was estimated using RT-PCR quantitation of cysteine protease RNA expression of the MPM cell lines and compared to ArrayExpress microarray RNA expression data from human MPM tumors. Feasibility of orthotopic intraperitoneal MPM cell mass tracking with fluorescence signal was evaluated using CellVue Maroon-coated MSTO-211H and compared to bioluminescent signal using luciferase-transfected MSTO-211H cells. ProSense 680 yielded a robust tumor signal in MPM subcutaneous grafts, primarily resulting from MPM secretion of cathepsin L demonstrated not only by RT-PCR data on MPM cell lines but also by microarray expression data from resected human patient tumors. CellVue Maroon intraperitoneal tumor signal was robust and durable indicating feasibility of intraperitoneal cell mass tracking of orthotopically-xenografted MPM. Optical imaging of extracellular cysteine protease activity is useful for tracking MPM tumor cell mass in vivo. Intraperitoneal MPM cell mass tracking of fluorescently labeled tumor is feasible.
Ceftriaxone Choledocholithiasis (1996)

Ceftriaxone is a broad-spectrum, third-generation cephalosporin. The formation of biliary sludge and cholelithiasis after ceftriaxone administration has been reported and is thought by many to be a benign process.1-3 Despite this, cholecystectomy has been performed in symptomatic patients who have received ceftriaxone.3,4 This complication of ceftriaxone therapy is not widely appreciated in the gastroenterology and surgical literature. We report the documented case of ceftriaxone choledocholithiasis. CASE REPORT A 9-year-old boy who 4 weeks before admission was treated for open head trauma was referred for evaluation of abdominal pain and cholelithiasis. The patient sustained a comminuted, depressed skull fracture of the left frontal area with underlying cerebral laceration from being kicked in the head by a horse.
The role of inertial cavitation in acoustic droplet vaporization (2008)

The vaporization of a superheated droplet emulsion into gas bubbles using ultrasound-termed acoustic droplet vaporization (ADV)-has potential therapeutic applications in embolotherapy and drug delivery. The optimization of ADV for therapeutic applications can be enhanced by understanding the physical mechanisms underlying ADV, which are currently not clearly elucidated. Acoustic cavitation is one possible mechanism. This paper investigates the relationship between the ADV and inertial cavitation (IC) thresholds by studying parameters that are known to influence the IC threshold. These parameters include bulk fluid properties such as gas saturation, viscosity, and surface tension. Additionally, the degree of superheat of the emulsion dispersed phase is also varied. In all cases the ADV threshold occurred at a lower rarefactional pressure than the IC threshold (p< 0.01) indicating that the phase-transition occurs before IC events. Both the ADV (p=0.7) and IC (p=0.4) thresholds were not statistically different for degassed and gas saturated conditions. The viscosity and surface tension are shown to influence both thresholds directly and inversely, respectively. Additionally, both thresholds display an inverse temperature dependence when the droplet is not superheated. Based on a choice of experimental parameters, it is possible to achieve ADV with or without IC.
A topology study of single-phase offline AC/DC converters for high brightness white LED lighting with power factor pre-regulation and brightness dimmable (2008)

Due to the recent advancement in the light emitting diode (LED) technology, high brightness white LED becomes feasible in residential, industry and commercial applications to replace the incandescent bulbs, halogen bulbs, and even compact fluorescent light bulbs. In these offline applications, high power factor, and low harmonics are of primary importance. Single stage power factor pre-regulation technology is preferred in these cost sensitive applications where power factor regulation is mandatory, while adding additional power factor correction controller will surely increase the cost. In this paper, we exam several single stage offline ac/dc power converters with power factor pre-regulation for LED lighting applications, including boost converter, SEPIC converter, flyback converter, and half-bridge converter. A boost converter is suitable for high efficiency, large LED string applications. A SEPIC converter has the best power factor correction performance, but the efficiency is not comparable with the other solutions. Flyback converter is the most commonly used topology for low power offline applications. For medium power applications, symmetrical and asymmetrical half bridge converters can be used with better power factor and high efficiency. The harmonics of the input line current is reduced and power factor is high if the current in the input inductor is discontinuous and the converter is driven with constant duty ratio. A current feedback loop can be used to control the LED brightness. The performance of these converters will be analyzed and compared in terms of power factor, efficiency, etc, based on the lab prototype boards.
Modelling nitrification inhibitor effects on N 2 O emissions after fall- and spring-applied slurry by reducing nitrifier NH 4 + oxidation rate (2020)

Abstract. Reductions in N2O emissions from nitrification inhibitors (NI) are substantial but remain uncertain because measurements of N2O emissions are highly variable and discontinuous. Mathematical modelling may offer an opportunity to estimate these reductions if the processes causing variability in N2O emissions can be accurately simulated. In this study, the effect of NI was simulated with a simple, time-dependent algorithm to slow NH4+ oxidation in the ecosystem model ecosys. Slower nitrification modelled with NI caused increases in soil NH4+ concentrations and reductions in soil NO3- concentrations and in N2O fluxes that were consistent with those measured following fall and spring applications of slurry over 2 years from 2014 to 2016. The model was then used to estimate direct and indirect effects of NI on seasonal and annual emissions. After spring slurry applications, NI reduced N2O emissions modelled and measured during the drier spring of 2015 (35 % and 45 %) less than during the wetter spring of 2016 (53 % and 72 %). After fall slurry applications, NI reduced modelled N2O emissions by 58 % and 56 % during late fall in 2014 and 2015 and by 8 % and 33 % during subsequent spring thaw in 2015 and 2016. Modelled reductions were consistent with those from meta-analyses of other NI studies. Simulated NI activity declined over time so that reductions in N2O emissions modelled with NI at an annual timescale were relatively smaller than those during emission events. These reductions were accompanied by increases in NH3 emissions and reductions in NO3- losses with NI that caused changes in indirect N2O emissions. With further parameter evaluation, the addition of this algorithm for NI to ecosys may allow emission factors for different NI products to be derived from annual N2O emissions modelled under diverse site, soil, land use and weather.
Graph Normalizing Flows (2019)

We introduce graph normalizing flows: a new, reversible graph neural network model for prediction and generation. On supervised tasks, graph normalizing flows perform similarly to message passing neural networks, but at a significantly reduced memory footprint, allowing them to scale to larger graphs. In the unsupervised case, we combine graph normalizing flows with a novel graph auto-encoder to create a generative model of graph structures. Our model is permutation-invariant, generating entire graphs with a single feed-forward pass, and achieves competitive results with the state-of-the art auto-regressive models, while being better suited to parallel computing architectures.
Superpixel-Based Disocclusion Filling in Depth Image Based Rendering (2014)

We present a new super pixel-based spatio-temporal disocclusion filling algorithm for view synthesis in Depth Image Based Rendering. When rendering new views from a single video-plus-depth sequence, background regions get exposed in the virtual view that are occluded in the video stream. To fill these regions we propose to use texture information that is found both in the current and in temporally neighboring frames. Instead of using a patch-based search for texture to fill the holes, we propose a new super pixel-based filling method that exploits the property of super pixels being more meaningful sub-entities of an image than simple square patches. We present experiments with both real and synthetic sequences to evaluate our proposed method.
Speech coding using efficient block codes (2005)

Digital coders invariably introduce errors into analog signals such as speech. The importance of adjusting the spectrum of the error so as to minimize the subjective distortion is now well recognized. The optimum noise spectrum for minimum subjective distortion is in general non-flat. Predictive coders use instantaneous quantizers with feedback around the quantizer to shape the quantizing noise spectrum. However, for non-flat spectra, instantaneous quantizers are suboptimal. We have therefore considered and reported on non-instantaneous digital speech coders using tree-search procedures to determine the optimal innovation sequence. In this paper, we describe tree-search procedures to determine optimal block codes. We discuss both random and special block codes based on optimum packing of Voronoi regions on unit spheres in multi-dimensional spaces.
A Low Complexity Peak Estimation Scheme for PAPR Reduction in OFDM Systems (2009)

This paper proposes a low complexity peak-to-average power ratio estimation scheme for OFDM systems. The new scheme introduces a non-equal-distance estimation based on triangle interpolation, which approximates higher oversampling samples by lower oversampling samples. Simulation shows the new scheme can achieve a good approximating to signal distribution of the real over-sampled OFDM signal. Furthermore, this estimation scheme is applied to conventional PAPR reduction schemes, such as PTS and SLM scheme. And simulation results show that the low complexity MSR scheme can achieve good PAPR reduction with much lower complexity.
MoLo: Motion-augmented Long-short Contrastive Learning for Few-shot Action Recognition (2023)

Current state-of-the-art approaches for few-shot action recognition achieve promising performance by conducting frame-level matching on learned visual features. However, they generally suffer from two limitations: i) the matching procedure between local frames tends to be inaccurate due to the lack of guidance to force long-range temporal perception; ii) explicit motion learning is usually ignored, leading to partial information loss. To address these issues, we develop a Motion-augmented Long-short Contrastive Learning (MoLo) method that contains two crucial components, including a long-short contrastive objective and a motion autodecoder. Specifically, the long-short contrastive objective is to endow local frame features with long-form temporal awareness by maximizing their agreement with the global token of videos belonging to the same class. The motion autodecoder is a lightweight architecture to reconstruct pixel motions from the differential features, which explicitly embeds the network with motion dynamics. By this means, MoLo can simultaneously learn long-range temporal context and motion cues for comprehensive few-shot matching. To demonstrate the effectiveness, we evaluate MoLo on five standard benchmarks, and the results show that MoLo favorably outperforms recent advanced methods. The source code is available at https://github.com/alibaba-mmai-research/MoLo.
Sequential enrichment of microbial populations exhibiting enhanced biodegradation of crude oil (1995)

The distribution of oil-degrading bacteria in the coastal water and sediments of Hokkaido, Japan, was surveyed. The potential of mixed microbial populations to degrade weathered crude oil was not confined to any ecological components (water or sediment) nor to the sampling stations. One microbial culture that was stable during repeated subculturing degraded 45% of the saturates and 20% of the aromatics present in crude oil in 10 days during the initial screening. The residual hydrocarbons in this culture were extracted by chloroform and dispersed in a fresh seawater-based medium and subsequently inoculated with microorganisms from the first culture. After full growth of the second culture, the residual hydrocarbons were again extracted and dispersed in a fresh medium in which microorganisms from the second culture had been inoculated. This sequential process was carried out six times to enrich those microorganisms that grew on the recalcitrant components of crude oil. After repeated exposure of the residual crude oil to the enriched microorganisms, about 80% of the initially added crude oil was degraded. The cultures obtained after each enrichment cycle were kept, and the degradation of fresh crude oil by the enriched microorganisms was examined. The degradative activity of the enriched cultures increased as the number of enrichment cycles increased. A microbial population that had been selected six times on the residual crude oil could degrade 70% of the saturates and 30% of the aromatics of crude oil. Thus, growth of a microbial population on residual crude oil improved its ability to biodegrade crude oil.
Ultrasonic Micromanipulator Using Visual Feedback (1996)

We have proposed ultrasonic micromanipulation (UMM) techniques for micron-sized particles in liquid based on the radiation forces of very-high-frequency (VHF) ultrasound. In this paper, we report new UMM techniques using visual feedback techniques. To generate VHF ultrasound, a beam-width-compression leaky wave transducer with a frequency of 50 MHz is used. The 50-µm-diameter SiO 2 glass sphere and the polystyrene sphere are used as test particles. As an example of two-dimensional manipulation, the transportation of particles along circle and character patterns are demonstrated. The selective trapping of a glass sphere is also shown.
A 3D RRAM using stackable 1TXR memory cell for high density application (2009)

This paper reports a novel 3D RRAM concept using stackable multi-layer 1TXR memory cell structure for future high density application. Using an 8-layer metal of stacked 1TXR (X = 64) as an example, the density is over 260% higher than that of the conventional single layer 1T1R structure. Corresponding operation algorithm is put forward for the first time, which can inhibit mis-write and mis-read caused by sneaking current and reduce power consumption.
Inter-area and Inter-AS MPLS Traffic Engineering (2004)

In the event of a medical emergency in the dental office, the dentist must be able to identify a patient in distress, assess the situation, and institute proper management. This study assessed the impact of a simulation-based medical emergency preparedness curriculum on a resident's ability to manage medical emergencies. This interventional and pre-post educational pilot study included 8 participants who completed a standard curriculum and 8 who completed a modified curriculum (N = 16). The intervention consisted of a comprehensive medical emergency preparedness curriculum that replaced lecture sessions in a standard curriculum. Participants completed performance assessments using scenario-based objective structured clinical examinations (OSCEs) that were recorded and evaluated by calibrated faculty reviewers using a customized scoring grid. The intervention group performed significantly better than the control group on their summative OSCEs, averaging 90.9 versus 61.2 points out of 128 (p = .0009). All participants from the intervention group passed their summative OSCE with scores >60%, while none from the control group received passing scores. Completion of a simulation-based medical emergency preparedness curriculum significantly improved resident performance during simulated medical emergencies.
Expression of somatostatin receptor subtypes in breast carcinoma, carcinoid tumor, and renal cell carcinoma. (1995)

The presence of transcripts for somatostatin receptor (SSTR) subtypes 1, 2, 3, and 4 was probed by reverse transcription and polymerase chain reaction in ribonucleic acid isolated from 46 malignant and 9 nonmalignant breast tissues, 15 carcinoid tumor tissues, and 13 renal cell carcinoma tissues. The transcripts for SSTR2 were amplified in all but 2 tissue samples, whereas transcripts for SSTR1, SSTR3, and SSTR4 were detected sporadically. In renal cell tumors, SSTR3 transcripts were completely absent. In breast cancer tissue, SSTR subtypes were transcribed independently of patient age, menstrual status, diagnosis, histological grade, and levels of estrogen receptor and progesterone receptor. The probability of finding transcripts for SSTR subtypes, P, was ranked differently for the three types of tumor tissues. For breast cancer, P2 > P3 = P1 > P4; for carcinoid tumors, P2 > P1 > P3 = P4; and for renal cell tumors, P2 > P1 > P4 > P3.
Radio-on-terahertz over fiber system for future mobile fronthauling (2014)

The technology of encapsulating a microwave signal into a terahertz carrier and an optical signal is proposed and demonstrated experimentally. Broad bandwidth terahertz radio can encapsulate existing microwave services, including advanced mobile communication signals, by using photonics technology. The concept of radio-on-terahertz-over-fiber helps to realize the future design of mobile fronthaul links. These links will have seamless connectivity between radio and optical networks because of the low latency of the links, which results from the use of analog signal transmission technology.
Stem cells and differentiation – a synoptic review of patents granted since 2009 (2015)

The discovery of human pluripotent stem cells and their immense potential in clinical therapeutics has increasingly channeled scientific research in their orientation. Although being widely used to fathom human physiology, the trend in stem cell application is slowly shifting toward disease-modeling, drug safety evaluation and toxicity-testing. And in order to probe those unexplored realms of stem cell applications, a unified approach from the scientific community is imperative.
Prior thyroid status and the broiler’s adaptation to supplemental triiodothyronine (t3) (2001)

Seven-day-old chickens were fed diets containing 18% crude protein + 0 or 1 g methimazole/kg to produce either euthyroid or hypothyroid groups of birds at 28 d of age. These two groups were then offered diets containing either 0 or 1 mg triiodothyronine (T3)/kg diet. Birds were sampled at 0, 2, 5 and 8 d (d 28, 30, 33 and 36 d of age) following the onset of the T3 treatment. Measurements taken at these intervals included in vitro lipogenesis (IVL), growth and feed consumption, hepatic enzyme activities and plasma thyroid hormones and metabolites. Iodothyronine 5’-monodeiodinase activity was measured to determine if the native thyroid state would affect this regulatory enzyme’s response to thyroid hormone repletion. Hypothyroidism decreased IVL at 28 d of age; however, T3 supplementation for 2 d restored IVL. Paradoxically, continuing T3 replenishment for an additional 3 to 6 d decreased IVL. In contrast, supplemental T3 decreased IVL in euthyroid birds, regardless of the dosing interval. Hypothyroidism increased 5’D activity. Although T3 replenishment for 8 d decreased 5’D activity, this activity was still greater than that of the controls. In conclusion, the thyroid state of the animal will determine responses to exogenous thyroid hormones. These data may help to explain some of the apparent reported dichotomies in lipid metabolism elicited by changes in the thyroid state of animals. In addition, most metabolic changes in response to feeding T3 occurred within 2 to 5 d, suggesting that changes in intermediary metabolism preceded morphological changes.
Identification and Characterization of the 480-Kilodalton Template-Specific RNA-Dependent RNA Polymerase Complex of Red Clover Necrotic Mosaic Virus (2010)

Replication of positive-strand RNA viruses occurs through the assembly of membrane-associated viral RNA replication complexes that include viral replicase proteins, viral RNA templates, and host proteins. Red clover necrotic mosaic virus (RCNMV) is a positive-strand RNA plant virus with a genome consisting of RNA1 and RNA2. The two proteins encoded by RNA1, a 27-kDa protein (p27) and an 88-kDa protein containing an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRP) motif (p88), are essential for RCNMV RNA replication. To analyze RCNMV RNA replication complexes, we used blue-native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (BN/PAGE), which enabled us to analyze detergent-solubilized large membrane protein complexes. p27 and p88 formed a complex of 480 kDa in RCNMV-infected plants. As a result of sucrose gradient sedimentation, the 480-kDa complex cofractionated with both endogenous template-bound and exogenous template-dependent RdRP activities. The amount of the 480-kDa complex corresponded to the activity of exogenous template-dependent RdRP, which produced RNA fragments by specifically recognizing the 3'-terminal core promoter sequences of RCNMV RNAs, but did not correspond to the activity of endogenous template-bound RdRP, which produced genome-sized RNAs without the addition of RNA templates. These results suggest that the 480-kDa complex contributes to template-dependent RdRP activities. We subjected those RdRP complexes to affinity purification and analyzed their components using two-dimensional BN/sodium dodecyl sulfate-PAGE (BN/SDS-PAGE) and mass spectrometry. The 480-kDa complex contained p27, p88, and possible host proteins, and the original affinity-purified RdRP preparation contained HSP70, HSP90, and several ribosomal proteins that were not detected in the 480-kDa complex. A model for the formation of RCNMV RNA replication complexes is proposed.
Opplys klokken din (Norwegian) (2021)

Enlighten your clock: How your body tells time – Norwegian