gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
How Asking Patients a Simple Question Enhances Care at the Bedside: Medical Students as Agents of Quality Improvement (2013)

Medical students have traditionally played a passive role in the delivery of health care. The Institute for Healthcare Improvement Open School members and leaders initiated the Ask One Question project in December 2011. Through a commitment to the project, students are learning to assume a unique position in health care settings, as both learners and caregivers. They are improving care at the bedside by asking a simple question: "How can I improve your stay today?" Using the Model for Improvement to adapt the Ask One Question concept for local use, medical students at Cardiff University (United Kingdom) asked 120 patients. A content analysis of those responses identified 89 issues across 4 broad areas for improvement, including communication issues (uncertainty about their care management and desire for more time with their health care professional); practical issues (assistance with tasks made difficult because of ill health); wider organizational and National Health Services requests; and medical needs (requiring medical or nursing intervention). A medical student, a clinical colleague, or the hospital organization could act on those issues. Actions ranged from attending to simple tasks (eg, finding spectacles) or basic care needs (eg, giving a drink) to suggestions requiring wider institutional change. On a simple but effective level, Ask One Question reflects good manners and is a demonstrable competency of patient-centered practice. It is a vehicle for enabling students to seek improvements in health care and initiate relevant actions to improve the patient experience at the bedside.
A Quantitative Description of the Aortic Ejection Click and First Heart Sound (1979)

The aortic ejection click and first heart sound(S1) are described in the time and frequency domains from computer processed phonocardiogram data obtained from 13 aortic stenosis patients and 6 normal ones. The analysis procedure described was done separately for inspiration and expiration and consisted of the following steps: (1) determination of the click onset times; (2) generation of aligned average cardiocycles with alignment done separately on the click and S1; (3) calculation of power spectra for selected segments of the click and S1. Tabulated results typically show 2 frequencies in S1 (means at 40 and 75 Hz) and 3 in the click (means at 45, 95, and 195 Hz). The high frequency content of the click is compared to that of S1 and the power spectra of the early and late parts of the click are compared.
Single-shot wakefield measurement system (2018)

A new experimental technique for the accurate measurements of wakefields is presented. Knowledge of wakefields is required for many applications ranging from the suppression of wakefields that arise from geometrical discontinuities to the enhancement of wakefields in structure and plasma based wakefield accelerators. In the past, direct measurements of wakefields were done with the drive-witness technique wherein the delay of a short witness beam trailing collinearly behind a high-charge drive beam is scanned over multiple shots and the wakefield is inferred from the energy spectrum of the witness beam. That technique is limited by shot-to-shot jitter, overlap of the drive and witness energy spectrum and the loss of all time-domain information. In this paper, we describe a new technique that overcomes these limitations by measuring the longitudinal phase space of a long witness beam and the drive beam in a single shot. We conclude by presenting experimental results to demonstrate its feasibility using a dielectric structure wakefield accelerator.
Highly stable amorphous zinc tin oxynitride thin film transistors under positive bias stress (2017)

The stability of amorphous zinc tin oxynitride thin film transistors (a-ZTON TFTs) under positive bias stress (PBS) is investigated. Thin films are deposited by remote plasma reactive sputtering and are annealed at 300 °C in air for 1 h, after which films are confirmed to be highly amorphous by transmission electron microscopy. Typical a-ZTON TFTs exhibit a threshold voltage of 2.5 V, a field effect mobility of 3.3 cm2 V−1 s−1, a sub-threshold slope of 0.55 V dec−1, and a switching ratio over 106. Using a thermalization energy analysis, the threshold voltage shift under PBS is analysed. A maximum energy barrier to defect conversion up to 0.91 eV is found, which is significantly greater than that of the ∼0.75 eV energy barrier for amorphous indium gallium zinc oxide and amorphous zinc tin oxide TFTs previously reported. The improved stability of these oxynitride TFTs over amorphous oxide TFTs is explained by the elimination of less stable oxygen vacancies due to the passivation of oxygen vacancies with nitrogen. The higher attempt-to-escape frequency of 108 to 109 s−1 in a-ZTON TFTs compared with 107 s−1 in amorphous oxide semiconductor TFTs, on the other hand, is attributed to the high homogeneity of the amorphous film leading to strong carrier localization in the band tails.
Fundamental Investigation of Jet Fuel Spray and Ignition Process in an Optically Accessible Piston Engine (2015)

Abstract : Effects of transient rate-of-injection (ROI) fuel sprays on jet development and combustion were measured in a compression-ignition direct injection optical engine. Jet penetration, liquid length, jet dispersion angle, liftoff length, and engine cylinder pressure data were simultaneously acquired over a range of engine operating conditions relevant to the design of Army engines. Tests were performed using #2 diesel fuel, jet fuel (JP8), and a hydroprocessed renewable jet fuel (HRJ). Ambient thermodynamic conditions and fuel injection parameters had similar effects on combustion and jet performance in the optical engine as in previous results from constant volume chambers. The ramp-on transient from the opening of the fuel injector caused the scaling of jet parameters with time during the transient ROI to be modified from relationships expected from the literature. Similarities were seen in a comparison between the jet velocity, the derivative of the ROI and the derivative of a curve fit created to model the data taken. In the long-time limit, these injections were seen to return to their quasisteady forms, with the changes in jet parameters occurring during the initial opening of the injector. The results show the need to resolve the initial transient injection process in small bore diesel engines.
Monochrome and Full-Color Polymer Light-Emitting Displays Fabricated by Ink-Jet Printing (2002)

One of the first commercial applications of &#x201C;plastic&#x201D; or polymer electronics will be in the field of display technology. Polymer Light-Emitting Displays (PLEDs) are emissive, have a wide viewing angle and high contrast. They are also very thin and lightweight. Several companies are already in advanced stages of commercial develop-ment. These first display products will be monochrome, but will soon be followed by full-color versions. These full-color displays are likely to be fabricated using ink-jet printing techniques. This paper discusses some of the technical issues.
Grasping soft tissue by means of vacuum technique (2011)

The results confirm that vacuum technique can be used as a grasp technique for soft organs, particularly the bowels. By means of a clever design of the nozzle a firm grip can be obtained on the bowel segments. Therefore vacuum technique should be studied for further development of instruments, graspers and retractors, to be used in the abdominal area.
Weighted tree automata and transducers for syntactic natural language processing (2015)

Weighted finite-state string transducer cascades are a powerful formalism for models of solutions to many natural language processing problems such as speech recognition, transliteration, and translation. Researchers often directly employ these formalisms to build their systems by using toolkits that provide fundamental algorithms for transducer cascade manipulation, combination, and inference. However, extant transducer toolkits are poorly suited to current research in NLP that makes use of syntax-rich models. More advanced toolkits, particularly those that allow the manipulation, combination, and inference of weighted extended top-down tree transducers, do not exist. In large part, this is because the analogous algorithms needed to perform these operations have not been defined. This thesis solves both these problems, by describing and developing algorithms, by producing an implementation of a functional weighted tree transducer toolkit that uses these algorithms, and by demonstrating the performance and utility of these algorithms in multiple empirical experiments on machine translation data.
HTLV-1 molecular epidemiology in central Australia: Two distinctive HTLV-1 Subtype C lineages in Indigenous Australians (2014)

International audience
Path Planning of the Manipulator Arm FANUC Based on Soft Computing Techniques (2020)

In this paper, direct and inverse geometric models for a 6 degrees of freedom manipulator robot arm are developed, and a set of homogeneous matrices are generated by Denavit-Hartenberg formalism. Moreover, a path planning method based on soft computing techniques is presented, which consists of using the neural network to model the end-effector workspace, and then determining the optimal trajectory to reach a desired position. The optimization of the trajectory depends on the minimization of the cost function, defined by the sum of two energies. The first one is the collision penalty (Ec) generated by each obstacle shape; the second one is the trajectory length penalty (El). Four steps are considered; at first, the configuration of the robot workspace where any assumption is taken into account. The robot is assimilated to a particle that moves inside a small two-dimensional space, and the obstacle is a polygon. Second, the Multilayer Perceptron Neural Network (MLP neural network) is used for the robot workspace modeling. Model block inputs are robot’s previous position values and the outputs are robot’s following position values. Then, the proposed approach is applied to optimize the cost function and to determine the end-effector trajectory in case of obstacles. The obtained result is a smooth trajectory, which represents robot motion. Finally, the presented approach is validated on a FANUC robot arm in a virtual environment, where the simulation results show this approach efficiency.
System Modeling and Waypoint Guidance Law Designing for 6-DOF Quadrotor Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (2014)

항공전자 장비들의 급속한 발전으로 인해 무인항공기의 크기가 소형화 되고 있으나, 무인항공기에 대해 주어지는 임무는 더욱 정확하고 복잡해지고 있다. 정지비행이 가능하고, 간단한 기계적 메커니즘을 가진 쿼드로터는 이 같은 환경에서 활동도가 점차 증가하고 있다. 그러나 쿼드로터는 구조 특성에 따라 출력의 개수보다 입력의 개수가 작은 under actuated 시스템이므로, 쿼드로터 제어에 큰 제약이 따른다. 본 논문에서는 이와 같은 쿼드로터의 단점을 해결하기 위해서 4개의 원동기 외에 2개의 추가적인 원동기를 더 부착한 모델을 제안하여, 입력의 개수와 출력의 개수가 같은 fully actuated 시스템을 구현하도록 한다. 제안한 쿼드로터 모델의 제어기를 설계하기 위해 궤환선형화 기법을 적용하였다. 수치 시뮬레이션을 수행하여 제안한 모델과 설계된 제어기의 성능을 검증하였다. As avionics and mechanical devices have been developed, the size of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) is getting smaller. However, the complicated and accurate missions are provided to the UAV. Among various types of UAVs, quadrotors are widely used for their availability by virtue of simple structure and hovering function. However, the control of quadrotor is highly constrained, because the quadrotor is an under-actuated system which has only 4 actuator inputs. To deal with this under-actuated problem, a new quadrotor model with two more actuators in addition to the 4 propeller inputs is provided to make the system fully-actuated. For the proposed model, a controller is designed using feedback linearization methods. To validate the model and to verify the performance of the proposed controller, numerical simulation is performed.
Measurement and Analysis for Biological Tissue from a Ring-scanning-based NIR Optical Imaging System (2012)

System verification and the reconstructed optical-property images of breast-like phantoms and biological tissue are presented using a ring-scanning-based imaging system of frequency-domain near infrared diffuse optical tomography with a high degree of spatial flexibility.
PHYSICAL AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF FINE COMPACTED SOILS /IN FRENCH/ (1967)

FOLLOWING A GENERAL REVIEW OF THE PHYSICOCHEMICAL VIEWPOINT OF THE MICROSCOPIC BEHAVIOR OF SOILS, AUTHOR DISCUSSES SEVERAL ASPECTS OF THE BEHAVIOR OF COMPACTED SOILS, RELATING THEM TO THE STATE OF A DISPERSED SOIL (INTERPARTICLE FORCES REPEL) OR FLOCCULATED SOIL (FORCES ATTRACT). THIS IS DONE BY DISCUSSING 24 SETS OF GRAPHS, MANY TAKEN FROM THE WORK OF SEED AND CHAN, WITH EXTENSIONS SHOWING RESULTS WITH AN ORLY MUD. ATTENTION IS FOCUSSED ON THE INFLUENCE OF STRUCTURE, WHICH IS SHOWN TO DEPEND ON THE W/C OF COMPACTION AND METHOD (STATIC, VIBRATORY, IMPACT OR KNEADING), AND ON WETTING. SWELLING, SHEARING AND RIGIDITY ARE EXAMINED. ON THE DRY SIDE OF OPTIMUM (FLOCCULATED SOIL), OR WITH INCREASED ENERGY OF COMPACTION, SWELLING PRESSURES AND RIGIDITY ARE OFTEN HIGHER. LIKEWISE, STATICALLY AND KNEADED COMPACTED SOILS MAY HAVE EQUAL EARLY RIGIDITIES IF COMPACTED DRY, BUT STATIC COMPACTION MAY GIVE GREATER RIGIDITY WHEN COMPACTED WET. A DROOPING CHARACTERISTIC AGAINST DRY DENSITY WAS NOTED FOR LOW DEFORMATIONS WHEN COMPACTED WET. AT HIGHER DEFORMATIONS, DIFFERENCES ARE LESSENED, AND EFFECTS MAY BE MASKED IN SOILS WITH A SANDY SKELETON OR A HIGH PLASTICITY. /AMR/
5A2_0637_ TEXTILE NOISE REDUCTION – REQUIREMENTS; OPTIONS AND RESTRICTIONS FOR INTERIOR DESIGN (2019)

Noise conditions in large office rooms have a negative impact on the people in the workplace, which results in stress, tension and decreased work performance. Also other large rooms like trade shows, hotel lobbies, conference centres or theatres have to deal with noise and the influence of sound on comfort and performance of human beings.The aim of this work is to:- examine how textile noise absorbers are working, that are already available on the market.- inspect the fields of application within large rooms regarding restrictions and requirements- demonstrate the possibilities of enhancing the efficiency of noise absorption within textiles
Micromanipulation using a focused ultrasonic standing wave field (2000)

The authors present an experimental study of noncontact manipulation of small particles using the force caused by acoustic radiation pressure. An ultrasonic standing wave field was generated in water between a concave spherical transducer and a plane reflector placed at the focal point and suspended alumina particles were trapped on the central axis of the transducer. Moreover, the trapped particles were transported one-dimensionally along the sound beam axis by changing the frequency. By selecting the frequency increment, the agglomerated particle column was separated at different positions. The trapped particles can be transported through a distance of a few millimeters with submicrometer resolution. © 1999 Scripta Technica, Electron Comm Jpn Pt 3, 83(1): 53–60, 2000
Musical patronage theorized (2014)

It is no exaggeration to claim that during the last two decades there has been an intense and increasing interest in the life and activities of Queen Christina of Sweden. It would also be justified to point out that such interest has always been present, ever since her dramatic abdication and ensuing conversion to Catholicism in the mid-1650s. Queen Christina’s interest in and patronage of music and other arts comprised an important part of her exceptionally active life, not least after she settled in Rome. Her patronage of musicians such as Giacomo Carissimi, Alessandro Stradella and Arcangelo Corelli is well known, as is her leading role in establishing the Tordinona theatre, the first public opera house in Rome. Katrin Losleben has made an effort to grasp comprehensively the musical patronage of Queen Christina during her more than 30-year sojourn in Rome and to interpret these activities through the lens of social theory, taking her models mainly from Pierre Bourdieu. Her study is based on considerable empirical material, almost exclusively taken from the vast secondary literature on Christina and on culture and politics in 17th-century Rome. Although Christina is the main protagonist, the examination of her patronage is put forward as a case-study, and contextualized with many comparative examples. The book is thus only to some extent focused on the queen, but in more general terms outlines cultural patronage and power politics in 17th-century Rome, taking many examples especially from the Barberini pontificate 1623–44 (presumably because this is already well researched in the previous literature).
Evaluation of Temperature and Magnetic-Field Dependence of Pinning Potential of High Tc Superconductors from Flux-Creep Resistivity Experiments (1989)

A method is presented to evaluate the temperature T and magnetic-field B dependences of the pinning potential U directly from the flux-creep resistivity experiments. Using this method, we analyse the previous experimental results in YBaCuO single crystals. It is shown that the temperature and magnetic-field dependences of the potential obtained with the present method are different from the previous model, i.e., U ( T , B )∝(1 - T / T c ) 3/2 / B , where T c is the critical temperature. It is also shown that the previous model can not explain these experimental results consistently.
Abstract A68: Aromatase inhibition and chemopreventive potential of novel resveratrol derivatives (2010)

Abstract Resveratrol, a naturally occurring stilbene found in the human diet, has been shown to mediate a host of biological activities. It has been reported to display both estrogenic and anti-estrogenic activities, depending on cell type and conditions, but inhibition of aromatase activity is weak (IC50 = 25 µM). We have conducted a systematic study in which about 60 substituted stilbenes were synthesized and evaluated for biologic potential. Several of these synthetic derivatives were found to inhibit aromatase activity with IC50 values in the sub-micromolar range. Within the series, structure-activity relationships demonstrated substitution of an amine group produced greater inhibition than a nitro group, and the position of these groups was of greater importance than the number and position of methoxy groups. Compound 1 [(E)-4-(3,5-dimethoxystyryl)aniline] was one of the most potent inhibitors, with an IC50 of 0.31 µM, which is comparable to that of aminoglutethimide (IC50 = 0.2 µM). In addition, crystallographic analysis revealed compound 1 binds to quinone reductase 2 in an orientation similar to that of resveratrol, but demonstrates greater inhibitory potency. Compound 1 has been synthesized on a multigram scale, oral administration with laboratory animals indicates excellent absorption and good metabolic stability, and more advanced testing is underway. (Supported by program project P01 CA48112 awarded by the National Cancer Institute) Citation Information: Cancer Prev Res 2010;3(1 Suppl):A68.
Iron‐catalyzed cross‐coupling of heteroaromatic tosylates with alkyl and aryl Grignard reagents (2015)

An Fe(III)‐catalyzed cross‐coupling of N‐heteroaromatic tosylates with aryl and alkyl Grignard reagents is presented. The reaction proceeds at −20°C to room temperature with short reaction time (15–30 min.), and the corresponding products are obtained with moderate to high yields. In particular, low‐cost and abundantly available FeCl 3 or Fe(acetylacetonate) 3 catalyze the reaction without other special ligands. All tested N‐heteroaromatic tosylates that are available including pyridine and pyrimidine derivatives were subject to the reaction, resulting in the expected products. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.
Super-Resolution by Combination of a Solid Immersion Lens and an Aperture (2001)

A solid immersion lens is combined with various aperture shapes in order to improve resolution. Both metallic and dielectric apertures are investigated, and optimum shapes for each are determined. Fabrication techniques for each type of combination probe are discussed and implemented, and a simple experiment with a dielectric combination probe scanning a reflective grating demonstrates improved resolution compared to a solid immersion lens alone.
Fungal mats in solid-state fermentation (2005)

Since over 2000 years man has cultivated fungi on grains, beans or other (by)products from agriculture or agro-industries, in order to produce tastier and healthier foods. Nowadays, cultivation on solid substrates (solid-state fermentation, SSF) is also used to produce industrial enzymes, drugs and biological plant protection agents. Wider application of SSF is hindered by a lack of knowledge about the design and control of the process. An important problem in SSF is the limited rate of oxygen supply to the fungal mats on the substrate surface. Using the fungus Aspergillus oryzae as an example, the author has discovered that aerial mycelia – which fungi can only form in SSF – help the fungus to overcome this oxygen supply limitation, and thus grow faster and make more enzymes of interest to the food industry. She has also identified other factors related to substrate pre-treatment that have a large impact on product formation. These findings offer opportunities for improved SSF processes.
Intergalactic Gas (1974)

Evidence that rich clusters of galaxies contain hot ( T = 10 8 K) intracluster gas is reviewed. Such gas contributes little to Ω (0.003) but it has been argued that Ω must be less than 0.05 for true intergalactic gas, if accretion of more gas than is observed in rich clusters is to be avoided. This argument is reviewed. If the de Vaucouleurs' groups are bound by intracluster gas, T is expected to be 10 5 to 10 7 K and the contribution to Ω is ≃ 1. Since the clumping factor C is estimated to be ≃ 7, the resulting value of Ω 2 C is ≃ 7. This does not violate the observed diffuse soft X-ray background intensity. Gas should be sought in such groups. Smoothly distributed gas with 10 7 &lt; T &lt; 3 × 10 8 K and Ω = 1 is not ruled out by direct observations.
Enhancingin vitrobiocompatibility and corrosion protection of organic–inorganic hybrid sol–gel films with nanocrystalline hydroxyapatite (2014)

Application of novel organic-inorganic hybrid sol-gel coatings containing dispersed hydroxyapatite (HAp) particles improves the biocompatibility, normal human osteoblast (NHOst) response in terms of osteoblast viability and adhesion of a Ti6Al4V alloy routinely used in medical implants. The incorporation of HAp particles additionally results in more effective barrier proprieties and improved corrosion protection of the Ti6Al4V alloy through higher degree of cross-linking in the organopolysiloxane matrix and enhanced film thickness.