gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of tertiary amyl methyl ether (TAME): Influence of internal and external mass transfer resistance (1995)

Abstract An experimental set‐up is presented for the measurement of reaction rates in the liquid phase synthesis of tertiary amyl methyl ether (TAME) from methanol and a mixture of 2‐methyl‐1‐butene and 2‐methyl‐2‐butene using an acidic ion exchange resin (Lewatit SPC 118) as catalyst. The reaction was performed in a continuous‐flow recycle reactor at a temperature of 333.15 K and a pressure of 1.6 MPa. Determination of the age distribution (Fcurve) of the reactor showed that mixed flow is approached at a recycle ratio of R = 10. Experiments were performed to reveal the limits of operating conditions where the various resistances do not affect the rate. In agreement with estimation of Reynolds numbers, hindrance by external mass transfer can be excluded at a volumetric flow rate of 10 ml/min and a recycle ratio of R = 10. The maximum temperature increase of the whole particle resulting from limitation of external heat transfer was estimated to be about 3 K. Variation of the size of resin particles revealed the existence of a critical methanol concentration, above which reaction rates can be determined without influence of internal mass transport phenomena. The maximum temperature increase in the particle was estimated to be 0.3 K.
DIODE LASER PERIPHERAL IRIDECTOMY (1990)

Jacobson, John J. MD; Schuman, Joel S. MD; Koumy, Hamdy El MD; Puliafito, Carmen A. MD Author Information
Design of all-pole low-pass ladder filters using current-mode damped integrators (2002)

A method for operational simulation of all-pole low-pass LC ladders filters by using current-mode damped integrators is introduced. The circuits obtained by this method need only current mirrors and capacitors and are convenient for realization in CMOS technology as well as can be used in other technologies.
Deep Cuboid Detection: Beyond 2D Bounding Boxes (2016)

We present a Deep Cuboid Detector which takes a consumer-quality RGB image of a cluttered scene and localizes all 3D cuboids (box-like objects). Contrary to classical approaches which fit a 3D model from low-level cues like corners, edges, and vanishing points, we propose an end-to-end deep learning system to detect cuboids across many semantic categories (e.g., ovens, shipping boxes, and furniture). We localize cuboids with a 2D bounding box, and simultaneously localize the cuboid's corners, effectively producing a 3D interpretation of box-like objects. We refine keypoints by pooling convolutional features iteratively, improving the baseline method significantly. Our deep learning cuboid detector is trained in an end-to-end fashion and is suitable for real-time applications in augmented reality (AR) and robotics.
Quasi-optimal compression of noisy optical and radar images (2006)

It is often necessary to compress remote sensing (RS) data such as optical or radar images. This is needed for transmitting them via communication channels from satellites and/or for storing in databases for later analysis of, for instance, scene temporal changes. Such images are generally corrupted by noise and this factor should be taken into account while selecting a data compression method and its characteristics, in the particular, compression ratio (CR). In opposite to the case of data transmission via communication channel when the channel capacity can be the crucial factor in selecting the CR, in the case of archiving original remote sensing images the CR can be selected using different criteria. The basic requirement could be to provide such a quality of the compressed images that will be appropriate for further use (interpreting) the images after decompression. In this paper we propose a blind approach to quasi-optimal compression of noisy optical and side look aperture radar images. It presumes that noise variance is either known a priori or pre-estimated using the corresponding automatic tools. Then, it is shown that it is possible (in an automatic manner) to set such a CR that produces an efficient noise reduction in the original images same time introducing minimal distortions to remote sensing data at compression stage. For radar images, it is desirable to apply a homomorphic transform before compression and the corresponding inverse transform after decompression. Real life examples confirming the efficiency of the proposed approach are presented.
Modélisation et commande d'un microdrone à ailes battantes selon l'axe vertical (2007)

Modelisation et commande d’un microdrone a ailes battantes selon l’axe vertical Thomas Rakotomamonjy1 , Mustapha Ouladsine2 , Thierry Le Moing3 , 1 Oﬃce National d’Etudes et de Recherches Aerospatiales Base aerienne 701, Ecole de l’air, 13661 Salon Air, France 2 Laboratoire des Sciences de l’Information et des Systemes Domaine Universitaire de Saint-Jerome, Avenue Escadrille Normandie-Niemen 13397 Marseille Cedex 20, France 3 Oﬃce National d’Etudes et de Recherches Aerospatiales Centre de Toulouse, 2 avenue Edouard Belin, 31055 Toulouse, France thomas.rakotomamonjy@onera.fr, mustapha.ouladsine@univ.u-3mrs.fr, thierry.le_moing@onera.fr Resume— On presente ici un modele de la dynamique ver- ticale d’un microdrone a ailes battantes derive du code de calcul OSCAB, qui est un simulateur developpe a l’ONERA et destine a l’etude de la mecanique du vol de micro-engins bases sur le vol animal. Ce systeme possedant des entrees periodiques, il est naturel d’envisager la representation de celui-ci sous forme de modele moyen, en supposant que les etats restent constants au cours d’une periode de battement. La commande en boucle ferm
Characterization of dissipative regions of a N-doped superconducting radio-frequency cavity (2023)

We report radio-frequency measurements of quality factors and temperature mapping of a nitrogen doped Nb superconducting RF cavity. Cavity cutouts of hot and cold spots were studied with low temperature scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and secondary electron microscopy. Temperature mapping revealed a substantial reduction of the residual resistance upon cooling the cavity with a greater temperature gradient and hysteretic losses at the quench location, pointing to trapped vortices as the dominant source of residual surface resistance. Analysis of the tunneling spectra in the framework of a proximity effect theory shows that hot spots have a reduced pair potential and a wider distribution of the contact resistance between the Nb and the top Nb oxide. Alone, these degraded superconducting properties account for a much weaker excess dissipation as compared with the vortex contribution. Based on the correlation between the quasiparticle density of states and temperature mapping, we suggest that degraded superconducting properties may facilitate vortex nucleation or settling of trapped flux during cooling the cavity through the critical temperature.
Copper in Photocatalysis (2014)

Abstract Light‐induced electron transfer (Cu I to Cu II ), oxidative addition (Cu I to Cu III ), or the activation of copper alkene or alkyne complexes are possible key steps that offer unique possibilities for organic synthesis, including [2+2]‐cycloadditions, cross‐coupling reactions or atom transfer radical additions. This Minireview provides an overview on the photophysical properties of photocatalysts based on copper and on synthetic transformations mediated by them.
Transfer Learning with PipNet: For Automated Visual Analysis of Piping Design (2018)

This paper presents an end-to-end learning approach based on latest CNN architectures and transfer learning to perform vision-based analysis of engineering designs. The specific application considered here is the design of pipe networks on-board ships or offshore platforms. Having a piping design in the form of an image, a framework known as Piping Net (PipNet) is introduced to understand the design and interpret if it complies with applicable engineering regulations. Designs and corresponding labels (compliant or non-compliant) are fed into an existing trained CNN in the form of images for transfer learning, with the subsequently obtained fine-tuned network called PipNet. Based on Regulation 12, Annex I Regulations for the Prevention of Pollution by Oil, International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships (MARPOL) and Rules for Classification of Ships of Lloyd's Register, two datasets containing 3,234 piping designs in the form of images were used for performance evaluation. The developed system demonstrates outstanding performance on these two challenging datasets.
NK Cell Lysis of HIV-1-Infected Autologous CD4 Primary T Cells: Requirement for IFN-Mediated NK Activation by Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells (2007)

In vivo, several mechanisms have been postulated to protect HIV-1-infected cells from NK surveillance. In vitro, previous research indicates HIV-1-infected autologous CD4(+) primary T cells are resistant to NK lysis. We hypothesized that NK lysis of HIV-1-infected target cells would be augmented by the presence of accessory cells and/or accessory cell factors. In this study, we show that stimulation of plasmacytoid dendritic cells (PDC) with the TLR9 agonist, CpG ODN 2216, triggered NK lysis of HIV-1-infected autologous CD4(+) primary T cells. PDC-stimulated NK lysis was dependent upon MHC class I (MHC-I) down-regulation on infected cells, and primary HIV-1 isolates that exhibited enhanced MHC-I down-regulation were more susceptible to NK-mediated lysis. PDC-stimulated NK lysis of HIV-1-infected autologous CD4(+) primary T cells was blocked by neutralizing Abs to type 1 IFN and was perforin/granzyme dependent. Overall, our data suggest that HIV-infected cells are not innately resistant to NK lysis, and that exogenous NK stimulation derived from PDC can trigger NK cytotoxicity against HIV-1-infected autologous CD4(+) primary T cells.
Didymium eremophilum: A New Myxomycete from the Sonoran Desert (1980)

SUMMARYDidymium eremophilum is a new species of Myxomycetes cultured from dead tissue of Carnegiea gigantea (saguaro) in moist chambers. It is characterized by small stalked sporangia, crystalline peridial-lime scales, absence of capillitium, and unusually ornamented spores. Its small plasmodia and sporangia, short duration of spore-to-spore culture, and ability to sporulate without a period of light or starvation may be adaptations to a fast-drying desert environment.
Kathetertechnische Behandlung von Vorhofflattern und Vorhofflimmern (2004)

Within the past 20 years, refinements in electrophysiologic mapping techniques have provided a better understanding of the pathophysiology of atrial flutter and atrial fibrillation (AF), which resulted in the development of catheter ablation techniques for this arrhythmias. Nowadays, catheter ablation has become the first line treatment of recurrent symptomatic or hemodynamically significant atrial flutter. In contrast, catheter ablation of AF is still an investigational procedure and should be restricted to patients with symptomatic AF who have been refractory to multiple antiarrhythmic drugs. In symptomatic patients with AF and an uncontrolled ventricular rate who have failed treatment with several antiarrhythmic drugs and who do not fit for primary catheter ablation of AF atrioventricular junction ablation with prior pacemaker implantation is recommended.
Effects of White-Matter Tract Length in Sport-Related Concussion: A Tractography Study from the NCAA-DoD CARE Consortium (2022)

Sport-related concussion (SRC) is an important public health issue. White-matter alterations after SRC are widely studied by neuroimaging approaches, such as diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Although the exact anatomical location of the alterations may differ, significant white-matter alterations are commonly observed in long fiber tracts, but are never proven. In the present study, we performed streamline tractography to characterize the association between tract length and white-matter microstructural alterations after SRC. Sixty-eight collegiate athletes diagnosed with acute concussion (24-48 h post-injury) and 64 matched contact-sport controls were included in this study. The athletes underwent diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) in 3.0 T MRI scanners across three study sites. DTI metrics were used for tract-based spatial statistics to map white-matter regions-of-interest (ROIs) with significant group differences. Whole-brain white-mater streamline tractography was performed to extract "affected" white-matter streamlines (i.e., streamlines passing through the identified ROIs). In the concussed athletes, streamline counts and DTI metrics of the affected white-matter fiber tracts were summarized and compared with unaffected white-matter tracts across tract length in the same participant. The affected white-matter tracts had a high streamline count at length of 80-100 mm and high length-adjusted affected ratio for streamline length longer than 80 mm. DTI mean diffusivity was higher in the affected streamlines longer than 100 mm with significant associations with the Brief Symptom Inventory score. Our findings suggest that long fibers in the brains of collegiate athletes are more vulnerable to acute SRC with higher mean diffusivity and a higher affected ratio compared with the whole distribution.
Force-transfer: a new approach to removing overlapping nodes in graph layout (2003)

Graphs where each node includes an amount of text are often used in applications. A typical example of such graphs is UML diagrams used in CASE tools. To make text information in each node readable in displaying such graphs, it is required there should be no overlapping nodes. This paper proposes the Force-Transfer algorithm to give a new efficient approach to removing overlapping nodes. The proposed approach employs a heuristic method to approximate the global optimal adjustment with the local minimal movement. Scanning from the seed node, the approach orthogonally transfers the minimum forces to only those nodes recursively overlapping with the node from where the forces start. We compare the Force-Transfer with the Force-Scan algorithm by mathematical proofs and experiments. The Force-Transfer approach can generate better results.
Coregistered tomographic x-ray and optical breast imaging: initial results (2005)

We describe what is, to the best of our knowledge, the first pilot study of coregistered tomographic x-ray and optical breast imaging. The purpose of this pilot study is to develop both hardware and data processing algorithms for a multimodality imaging method that provides information that neither x-ray nor diffuse optical tomography (DOT) can provide alone. We present in detail the instrumentation and algorithms developed for this multimodality imaging. We also present results from our initial pilot clinical tests. These results demonstrate that strictly coregistered x-ray and optical images enable a detailed comparison of the two images. This comparison will ultimately lead to a better understanding of the relationship between the functional contrast afforded by optical imaging and the structural contrast provided by x-ray imaging.
Wireless User Requirements for the Factory Workcell (2020)

Wireless communication is becoming crucial to advanced manufacturing. Industry 4.0 and Smart Manufacturing depend on networked industrial automation systems. The term Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) has been used to describe the deployment of interconnected machines, sensors, and actuators within modernized factories. The adoption of wireless systems is essential to these IIoT deployments. Wireless automation significantly reduces capital investment costs, including conduit, cables, networking equipment, and installation labor. To enable the adoption of wireless systems at the factory-floor level, wireless requirements must be established to realize the benefits of wireless communication systems within those factories. One challenge is that existing wireless standards lack technical specifications that support low-latency and high-reliability communication for factory applications. Additionally, requirements for such capabilities are published or advertised without validation of said requirements. Often, requirements published by standards development organizations appear excessively strict and invalidated by empirical study. Moreover, those requirements ignore the capabilities of the applications to use their own intelligence to compensate for lost reliability in the network. This report analyzes existing wireless user requirements stated by industry organizations, and it produces a combined perspective on wireless user requirements for the factory workcell with supporting rationale.
Stretchable liquid tactile sensor for robot-joints (2010)

In this paper, we propose a stretchable tactile sensor composed of a pair of silicone rubber channels filled with electro conductive liquid. When a force was applied to this channel, its length and cross-sectional area deforms. By measuring the resistance change of the electro conductive liquid in the channel, its deformation can be measured. The proposed tactile sensor is composed of two parallel channel filled with electro conductive liquid, therefore, by comparing the resistance changes of each channel to the deformation, only the contacting force can be measured independently. Since a liquid is used for the sensing material, the proposed liquid tactile sensor can be easily attached to movable portions as the joints of robots. In the paper, we measured the sensing characteristics of the liquid tactile sensor to the stretch, bend, and contact force. Finally, the efficiency of the sensor was demonstrated by measuring the contact force from 0 to 3.0N by attaching the 20% stretched liquid tactile sensor to curved surfaces with 0.05mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-1</sup> in curvature.
Correspondence between left ventricular 17 myocardial segments and coronary arteries (2005)

The most specific segments (anterior, anteroseptal, and all apical segments except the infero-apical) correspond to LAD but no segment can be exclusively attributed to the RCA. Inferoseptal segments can be attributed to LAD or RCA, inferior and inferolateral segments to RCA or LCX, and mid-anterolateral segment to LAD or LCX.
Biophysiology of natriuretic peptides in the evolutionary varieties of vertebrate osmoregulatory systems from shark rectal to mammalian salivary glands (2010)

Natriuretic peptides (NPs), guanylin, uroguanylin, heat-stable enterotoxin type a (STa), and the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) are important regulators involving water and ionic balance in vertebrates. The present report points out the evolution of osmoregulatory systems and their effector organs, including the rectal glands of eels, frogs, and sharks; the salt glands of birds; and the salivary glands of mammals, including those of humans. Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP), and the activity of their respective receptors in the organs of vertebrates were reported as biological characteristics of heart hormone. This review focuses on Cl-/HCO3- exchange activity in the salivary gland ducts and ductal basal cells that express NPs and related regulators. This report describes published histochemical findings on protein and mRNA expression in ductal basal cells and the biological significances of those findings with regard to the mammalian salivary gland duct system and a number of growth factors synthesized in the granular convoluted tubules (GCT).
Psychotic Symptoms in Parkinson's Disease Patients with Dementia (1996)

Many patients with PD and dementia experience psychosis. Psychotic symptoms in PD dementia patients are associated with major behavioral, cognitive, and functional problems.
Cellular magnetic resonance imaging contrast generated by the ferritin heavy chain genetic reporter under the control of a Tet-On switch (2015)

Cellular MRI contrast can be produced as needed via the expression of FTH1 under the control of a Tet-On switch. This finding could lay the groundwork for the use of FTH1 to track stem cells in vivo in an inducible manner.
Profile dispersion effects on transmission bandwidths in graded index optical fibers (1978)

Transmission bandwidths of optical fibers would be maximized if their refractive index profiles were optimally graded. However, dispersive differences between fiber material constituents make the optimal power law profile exponent α depend on wavelength. This profile dispersion effect is significant for germanium borosilicate fibers and makes their observed transmission bandwidths change by more than 300 percent within a 650-1050 nm wavelength range. Measurements are made in spectrally filtered white light from a xenon arc lamp that is sinusoidally modulated by an electrooptic crystal. Reduction of sine wave envelope intensity due to transmission in a fiber gives its baseband frequency response. The functional dependence of bandwidth on wavelength is used to diagnose whether α is larger or smaller than the optimal value which minimizes intermodal dispersion at particular wavelengths.
An intelligent bioreactor system for the cultivation of a bioartificial vascular graft (2016)

Cardiovascular disease is the most common cause of death, accounting for 31% of deaths worldwide. As purely synthetic grafts implicate concomitant anticoagulation and autologous veins are rare, tissue-engineered vascular grafts are urgently needed. For successful in vitro cultivation of a bioartificial vascular graft, the suitable bioreactor should provide conditions comparable to vasculogenesis in the body. Such a system has been developed and characterized under continuous and pulsatile flow, and a variety of sensors has been integrated into the bioreactor to control parameters such as temperature, pressure up to 500 mbar, glucose up to 4.5 g/L, lactate, oxygen up to 150 mbar, and flow rate. Wireless data transfer (using the ZigBee specification based on the IEEE 802.15.4 standard) and multiple corresponding sensor signal processing platforms have been implemented as well. Ultrasound is used for touchless monitoring of the growing vascular structure as a quality control before implantation (maximally achieved ultrasound resolution 65 μm at 15 MHz). To withstand the harsh conditions of steam sterilization (120°C for 20 min), all electronics were encapsulated. With such a comprehensive physiologically conditioning, sensing, and imaging bioreactor system, all the requirements for a successful cultivation of vascular grafts are available now.
Optimization of the high pressure operation regime for enhanced neutron yield in a plasma focus device (2004)

The average total neutron yield is measured, using an indium foil activation detector, at various combinations of filling gas pressures (including the higher pressure operation regime) of deuterium, capacitor bank charging voltages, anode lengths and insulator sleeve lengths to optimize the neutron yield from the NX2 Plasma Focus device. A remarkable six-fold increase in the average maximum total neutron yield, to a record value of (7 ± 1) × 108 neutrons per shot, compared to the similar energy UNU-ICTP Plasma Focus device is achieved for deuterium at a relatively much higher filling gas pressure of 20 mbar. The average peak neutron energy for the axial direction (0°), radial direction (90°) and backward direction (180°) is estimated to be 2.89 ± 0.25 MeV, 2.49 ± 0.20 MeV and 2.11 ± 0.12 MeV, respectively. The average forward to radial neutron yield anisotropy is found to be 1.46 ± 0.28. The neutron energy and anisotropy measurements suggest that the neutron production mechanism may be predominantly beam target.
Diffusion tensor imaging reveals microstructural differences between subtypes of trigeminal neuralgia (2019)

Noninvasive DTI analysis of patients with TN may lead to improved diagnosis of TN subtypes (e.g., TN1 and TN2) and improve patient selection for surgical intervention. DTI measurements may also provide insights into prognosis after intervention, as TN1 patients are known to have better surgical outcomes than TN2 patients.