gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Myelin Water Fraction and Intra/Extracellular Water Geometric Mean T2Normative Atlases for the Cervical Spinal Cord from 3T MRI (2019)

Our findings highlight the potential for using a quantitative T<sub>2</sub> relaxation metric atlas to visualize and detect pathology in spinal cord. Our MWF and IEGMT<sub>2</sub> atlases (URL: https://sourceforge.net/projects/mwi-spinal-cord-atlases/) can serve as normative references in the cervical spinal cord for other studies.
Polyaspartamide-Based Nanoparticles Loaded with Fluticasone Propionate and the In Vitro Evaluation towards Cigarette Smoke Effects (2017)

This paper describes the evaluation of polymeric nanoparticles (NPs) as a potential carrier for lung administration of fluticasone propionate (FP). The chosen polymeric material to produce NPs was a copolymer based on α,β-poly(<i>N</i>-2-hydroxyethyl)-d,l-aspartamide (PHEA) whose backbone was derivatised with different molecules, such as poly(lactic acid) (PLA) and polyethylenglycol (PEG). The chosen method to produce NPs from PHEA-PLA-PEG<sub>2000</sub> was the method based on high-pressure homogenization and subsequent solvent evaporation by adding Pluronic F68 during the process and trehalose before lyophilisation. Obtained colloidal FP-loaded NPs showed a slightly negative surface charge and nanometric dimensions that are maintained after storage for one year at -20 °C and 5 °C. The FP loading was about 2.9 wt % and the drug was slowly released in simulated lung fluid. Moreover, the obtained NPs, containing the drug or not, were biocompatible and did not induce cell necrosis and cell apoptosis on bronchial epithelial cells (16-HBE). Further in vitro testing on cigarette smoke extract (CSE)-stimulated 16-HBE revealed that FP-loaded NPs were able to reduce the survivin expression, while either free FP or empty NPs were not able to significantly reduce this effect.
Optical Detectors and Receivers (2008)

In this paper, I will review the subjects of optical detectors and optical receivers. I will do this from both a historical perspective and looking ahead toward useful progress that may occur in the future. I will focus, at times, on the lessons learned while performing my own research and development activities, and on how and why the technology has changed. I will share a few anecdotes, which will shed some light on the innovation process-at least as I experienced it.
Association of genetic polymorphisms in SLCO1B3 and ABCC2 with docetaxel‐induced leukopenia (2008)

Despite long-term clinical experience with docetaxel, unpredictable severe adverse reactions remain an important determinant for limiting the use of the drug. To identify a genetic factor(s) determining the risk of docetaxel-induced leukopenia/neutropenia, we selected subjects who received docetaxel chemotherapy from samples recruited at BioBank Japan, and conducted a case-control association study. We genotyped 84 patients, 28 patients with grade 3 or 4 leukopenia/neutropenia, and 56 with no toxicity (patients with grade 1 or 2 were excluded), for a total of 79 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in seven genes possibly involved in the metabolism or transport of this drug: CYP3A4, CYP3A5, ABCB1, ABCC2, SLCO1B3, NR1I2, and NR1I3. Since one SNP in ABCB1, four SNPs in ABCC2, four SNPs in SLCO1B3, and one SNP in NR1I2 showed a possible association with the grade 3 leukopenia/neutropenia (P-value of <0.05), we further examined these 10 SNPs using 29 additionally obtained patients, 11 patients with grade 3/4 leukopenia/neutropenia, and 18 with no toxicity. The combined analysis indicated a significant association of rs12762549 in ABCC2 (P = 0.00022) and rs11045585 in SLCO1B3 (P = 0.00017) with docetaxel-induced leukopenia/neutropenia. When patients were classified into three groups by the scoring system based on the genotypes of these two SNPs, patients with a score of 1 or 2 were shown to have a significantly higher risk of docetaxel-induced leukopenia/neutropenia as compared to those with a score of 0 (P = 0.0000057; odds ratio [OR], 7.00; 95% CI [confidence interval], 2.95-16.59). This prediction system correctly classified 69.2% of severe leukopenia/neutropenia and 75.7% of non-leukopenia/neutropenia into the respective categories, indicating that SNPs in ABCC2 and SLCO1B3 may predict the risk of leukopenia/neutropenia induced by docetaxel chemotherapy.
Bombali Virus in Mops condylurus Bat, Kenya (2019)

Bombali virus (genus Ebolavirus) was identified in organs and excreta of an Angolan free-tailed bat (Mops condylurus) in Kenya. Complete genome analysis revealed 98% nucleotide sequence similarity to the prototype virus from Sierra Leone. No Ebola virus-specific RNA or antibodies were detected from febrile humans in the area who reported contact with bats.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 4‐Hydroxy‐4H‐chromenes by Reaction of Salicylic Aldehydes with Alkynals Catalyzed by Silyl Prolinol Ethers. (2011)

Abstract Optimized conditions are developed which produce the desired hydroxychromenes as structural motifs of natural compounds either with higher yield and lower e.e.
Multimodal Switching of Conformation and Solubility in Homocysteine Derived Polypeptides (2014)

We report the design and synthesis of poly(S-alkyl-L-homocysteine)s, which were found to be a new class of readily prepared, multiresponsive polymers that possess the unprecedented ability to respond in different ways to different stimuli, either through a change in chain conformation or in water solubility. The responsive properties of these materials are also effected under mild conditions and are completely reversible for all pathways. The key components of these polymers are the incorporation of water solubilizing alkyl functional groups that are integrated with precisely positioned, multiresponsive thioether linkages. This promising system allows multimodal switching of polypeptide properties to obtain desirable features, such as coupled responses to multiple external inputs.
Surgical Treatment of Sacrococcygeal Pilonidal Sinus Disease by Excision and Skin Flaps: the Toulouse Experience (1999)

Excision and rotation skin flaps offers an effective and elegant alternative to the more classic operations for pilonidal sinus as it causes less postoperative pain and shortens convalescence.
Usage-driven problem design for radical innovation in healthcare (2017)

While the diffusion and evaluation of healthcare innovations receive a lot of attention, the early design stages are less studied and potential innovators lack methods to identify where new innovations are necessary and to propose concepts relevant to users. To change this, we propose a structured methodology, Radical Innovation Design (RID), which supports designers who want to work on the unstated needs of potential end users in order to create superior value. In this article, the first part of RID is introduced with its two subprocesses: Problem Design and Knowledge Design. In this first period, RID guides innovators to systematically explore users’ problems and evaluate which ones are most pressing in terms of innovation, taking into account existing solutions. The result is an ambition perimeter, composed of a set of value buckets, that is, important usage situations where major problems are experienced and the current solutions provide little or no relief. The methodology then moves on to Solution Design and Business Design (which are not detailed in this article) to address the value buckets identified. With its emphasis on problem exploration, RID differs from methods based on early prototyping. The RID methodology has been validated in various industrial sectors and is well-adapted for healthcare innovation. To exemplify the methodology, we present a case study in dental imagery performed by 10 students in 8 weeks. This example demonstrates how RID favours efficiency in Problem Design and allows designers to explore unaddressed and sometimes undeclared user needs.
Low loss single-mode polymer optical waveguide with circular cores (2021)

We experimentally demonstrate that the Mosquito method is capable of fabricating single-mode polymer optical waveguides with multiple cores while maintaining an identical mode-field diameter among them. The Mosquito method we developed is a technique to form circular cores in polymer waveguides using a commercially available microdispenser and multi-axis syringe scanning robot. However, the core shape tends to deteriorate from a circle because of the monomer flow due to the needle scan. We also demonstrate both theoretically and experimentally for the first time in this paper that the needles with a tapered outer form or just titled straight needles enable to form cores with a high circularity even if those cores are dispensed on any heights from the substrate surface.
Simulations of diesel–methanol dual-fuel engine combustion with large eddy simulation and Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes model (2014)

A comparison of large eddy simulation and Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes combustion models was performed using simulations of a diesel–methanol dual-fuel engine. The two models share the assumption that the reaction rate for each species is determined by the chemical kinetic processes as well as the relative magnitude of mixing and reaction effects, which are characterized by a kinetic timescale and a turbulence timescale. The main difference in the two models lies in their formulations of the turbulence timescale. The turbulence timescale in the Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes model is proportional to the eddy turnover time, while the turbulence timescale in the large eddy simulation model is the time needed for the mixture to reach perfectly mixed conditions based on the scalar dissipation rate. The models were tested using data from experiments on a modified heavy-duty diesel engine. Test cases using low methanol ratios, high methanol ratios and different initial temperatures were examined. In general, the ignition delay increases as the methanol ratio increases. In the models, this was found to occur due to the chemical interaction of the methanol and the diesel fuel. In addition, methanol auto-ignition occurs when the initial temperature is over 425 K. The large eddy simulation model and Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes model give similar predictions for the low methanol ratio cases. The large eddy simulation model shows improved capability to predict the high methanol ratio cases and methanol auto-ignition cases, represented by good agreement with experimental results.
One-Pot Synthesis of Fluorescent Carbon Dots from Orange Waste Peels (2013)

A simple and facile one-pot synthesis of fluorescent carbon dots from orange waste peels was performed using the hydrothermal carbonization method at a mild temperature (180 °C). The chemical composition and morphological feature of the obtained carbon dots (C-dots) were characterized using various spectroscopies and a transmission electron microscopy. The prepared hydrothermal carbons were amorphous in nature, and clusters of polyaromatic hydrocarbons included a large quantity of oxygen functional groups. A composite of C-dot with ZnO was used as a photocatalyst for degradation of naphthol blue-black azo dye under UV irradiation, and the superior photocatalytic activity was demonstrated. Overall, the present preparation method of C-dots takes on meaning in the area of green synthesis in aqueous solutions, and the product has great potential as a component material in the development of a remarkably efficient catalytic system.
Avalanche photodiodes with an impact-ionization-engineered multiplication region (2000)

We demonstrate an impact-ionization-engineered structure for the multiplication region of avalanche photodiodes. By enhancing the control of the impact-ionization position, the structure achieved high gain, low dark current, and very low noise.
α-Fluorination of Sulfoxides Bearing α-Hydrogens by Molecular Fluorine. A Novel Method for the Synthesis of α-Fluorosulfones (1995)

Abstract Direct formation of α-fluorosulfones from sulfoxides bearing α-hydrogens merely by reacting molecular fluorine (5% F2/N2) is reported and a possible mechanism for this novel α-fluorination reaction is proposed.
Part 1: Mobypost vehicle’s powertrain modeling, simulation and sizing (2013)

This paper describes the methodology used to choose the best vehicle powertrain architecture according to driving cycles of La Poste (French Post) missions. The first part explain the measurement strategy of real postman drive cycles as close as possible to those that the MobyPost vehicles will have to follow. In the second step, the power train is modeled and simulated by using two different programs with various energy managements. In the last part, degraded mode conditions are studied.
Active immunotherapy of human solid tumor with autologous cells treated with cholesteryl hemisuccinate a phase I study (1986)

A marked increase in specific immunogenicity of tumor cells is induced upon incorporation of cholesteryl hemisuccinate (CHS) into the cell membrane, which presumably promotes the expression of latent tumor-associated antigens. Immunotherapy with CHS-treated and irradiated tumor cells as vaccine was found to be very effective in various murine experimental tumors and in eliciting delayed-type hypersensitivity in cancer patients. Based on these findings, we have carried out a Phase I study on 21 patients with solid tumor who had exhausted standard therapeutic options. All participating patients were examined by conventional physical and clinical tests prior and during the study. The immunotherapy regimen for most patients consisted of an intramuscular injection of 2 X 10(7) CHS treated and irradiated autologous tumor cells given at 2-week intervals. Variations on this regimen were mostly due to the lack of sufficient number of cells. None of the patients displayed evidence of toxicity or any other local or systemic adverse effects. In seven patients, regression of tumor mass was observed. In six of nine patients who were tested for delayed-type hypersensitivity against their CHS treated tumor cells, a significant increase in skin reaction was observed after immunotherapy. The lack of any adverse reaction in this treatment, in addition to the observed positive clinical and immunologic response in advanced cancer patients, indicate a safe therapeutic potency which is planned to be investigated in the subsequent clinical studies.
Relative Blood Damage in the Three Phases of a Prosthetic Heart Valve Flow Cycle (1993)

Blood flow through a prosthetic heart valve operating in a ventricular assist device can be subdivided into three phases: a) forward flow through an open valve, b) rapid valve closure, and c) regurgitant back flow through a closed valve. Recent studies of fluid stresses in the Penn State Electric Left Ventricular Assist Device (PS LVAD) operating under physiologic conditions indicate that Reynolds stresses of possibly hemolytic magnitude may exist in the valve area. Although several studies have been made of the fluid stresses seen in forward flow through an open valve, few have looked at valve closure or backflow, and none have related these stresses directly to blood damage. In this study, novel in vitro blood flow loops were developed to allow for the separate analysis of the three flow phases of a Bjork-Shiley monostrut Delrin disk valve operating in a PS LVAD. Forward flow through fully open aortic and mitral valves and backflow through closed valves are studied separately in flow loops driven by a roller pump with the LVAD acting as a valve housing and compliance vessel. Valve closure is investigated with a PS LVAD operating in a low volume mock circulatory loop characterized by cavitation potential through stroboscopic videography of this mock loop, using saline as the working fluid. Rate of hemolysis, characterized by the index of hemolysis, IH, is determined for each of the three flow loops charged with fresh porcine blood. The blood studies indicate that the hemolytic effects of back flow are comparable to forward loop, contributing significantly to the overall IH of an LVAD operating in a mock loop under conditions in which cavitation is not expected. The index of hemolysis was shown to be a strong function of cavitation potential, increasing markedly with the expected cavitation cycle duration.
Array-Based Disease Diagnostics Using Lipid/Polydiacetylene Vesicles Encapsulated in a Sol–Gel Matrix (2012)

We demonstrate a novel array-based diagnostic platform comprising lipid/polydiacetylene (PDA) vesicles embedded within a transparent silica-gel matrix. The diagnostic scheme is based upon the unique chromatic properties of PDA, which undergoes blue-red transformations induced by interactions with amphiphilic or membrane-active analytes. We show that constructing a gel matrix array hosting PDA vesicles with different lipid compositions and applying to blood plasma obtained from healthy individuals and from patients suffering from disease, respectively, allow distinguishing among the disease conditions through application of a simple machine-learning algorithm, using the colorimetric response of the lipid/PDA/gel matrix as the input. Importantly, the new colorimetric diagnostic approach does not require a priori knowledge on the exact metabolite compositions of the blood plasma, since the concept relies only on identifying statistically significant changes in overall disease-induced chromatic response. The chromatic lipid/PDA/gel array-based "fingerprinting" concept is generic, easy to apply, and could be implemented for varied diagnostic and screening applications.
Coronary endothelial dysfunction is associated with a reduction in coronary artery compliance and an increase in wall shear stress (2010)

The current study demonstrates that intracoronary nitroglycerin does not contribute to an increase of CBF but alters the phasic coronary flow pattern. Furthermore, early coronary atherosclerosis characterised by endothelial dysfunction is associated with a decrease in coronary artery compliance and an increase in wall shear stress. Therefore, coronary wall properties are affected early in the atherosclerosis process.
Heterotopic triplet pregnancy: report of a patient with remnant tubal ectopic and intrauterine twin pregnancy after frozen‐thawed embryo transfer (2011)

A case of heterotopic triplet pregnancy after frozen-thawed embryo transfer is presented. The patient conceived after transfer of three frozen-thawed embryos at a fertility clinic where she had previously undergone laparoscopic left salpingectomy due to pyosalpinx. Approximately 4 weeks after the embryo transfer, she presented with a complaint of abnormal genital bleeding and was diagnosed by ultrasound as having a dichorionic twin pregnancy. One week later, she was referred to our hospital because of lower abdominal pain. Hematoperitoneum was suspected based on findings of low blood pressure and tachycardia. Diagnostic emergent laparoscopy demonstrated an ectopic pregnancy in the remnant isthmic portion of the left tube. Laparoscopic excision of the remnant fallopian tube was performed, but the procedure resulted in early-pregnancy loss of one of the twins. The risk of heterotopic pregnancy is not small under assisted reproductive technology. Attention should be paid to the risk of tubal pregnancy after transferring more than two embryos or controlled ovarian hyperstimulation, even after salpingectomy has been performed.
Robert C. Schlant (1999)

Department in the U.S. Army. As commonly occurs, m y personnel move every few years. Accordingly, Schlant's early schooling was in several different towns and cities. His family eventually moved to Atlanta, Georgia, where he attended and graduated valedictorian from Boys High School in 1945.
Polycaprolactone/glass bioabsorbable implant in a rabbit humerus fracture model (1997)

Research in improved materials and methods for internal fixation has centered on internal fixators made of bioabsorbable materials such as polylactic acid, polyglycolic acid, and polyparadioxanone. These materials have two problems: the first is a postoperative complication related to a delayed inflammatory response; and the second is low strength characteristics. An alternative material developed to alleviate these problems is a composite of phosphate glass fibers embedded in the polymer polycaprolactone, referred to as PCL. In this study, intramedullary pins made of PCL were compared to stainless steel pins in a rabbit humerus osteotomy model. Specimens were harvested at 0, 6, and 12 weeks postoperatively, radiographs and mechanical testing to failure were performed at each time interval, and tissue was examined microscopically at 6 and 12 weeks. Histologic results showed PCL pins to be well tolerated with minimal inflammation around the pin. Mechanical testing revealed the PCL fixation to be weaker initially than the stainless steel fixation. There was significant stress shielding of stainless-steel-healed rabbit humeri when compared to the PCL/bone humeri. All osteotomies immobilized with PCL healed with abundant periosteal callus production. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 36, 536–541, 1997.
Killing of a Muskox. Ovibos moschatus, by two Wolves, Canis lupus, and subsequent caching (1999)

The killing of a cow Muskox (Ovibos moschatus) by two Wolves (Canis lupus) in 5 minutes during summer on Ellesmere Island is described.After two of the four feedings observed, one Wolf cached a leg and regurgitated food as far as 2.3 km away and probably farther.The implications of this behavior for deriving food-consumption estimates are discussed.
Use of intradermal botulinum toxin to reduce sebum production and facial pore size. (2008)

Review the safety profile and subjective efficacy of intradermal botulinum toxin type A in facial pore size and sebum production.Retrospective analysis of 20 patients.Twenty consecutive patients with a single application of intradermal botulinum toxin type A were examined: Patients (17/20) noted an improvement in sebum production and a decrease in pores size at 1 month after injection. No complications were observed, and 17/20 patients were satisfied with the procedure.Preliminary data suggests that intradermal botulinum toxin may play a role in decreasing sebum production. Further quantitive study may be necessary to determine effects of intradermal botulinum toxin on pore size.
Insights into CO2 Capture by Flue Gas Hydrate Formation: Gas Composition Evolution in Systems Containing Gas Hydrates and Gas Mixtures at Stable Pressures (2018)

Capturing CO2 from power plant flue gas through hydrate formation is starting to be applied on an industrial scale. Several methods have been developed, and a large number of experiments have been conducted in order to investigate ways of increasing their efficiency. However, most of them suffer from a lack of detailed kinetic studies. In this Letter, we present a highly accurate method to investigate the kinetics of flue gas hydrate formation. Preliminary results are detailed at three different temperatures. It has been found that more than 40% of CO2 capture in the form of hydrates occurs after reaching the final pressure. Therefore, statistically constant pressure cannot be used as a sign of thermodynamic equilibrium. The results obtained from this study are important for optimizing CO2 separation operations thus maximizing efficiency and reducing economic barriers. In addition, they are also useful in studying the kinetics of hydrate formation in other gas mixture systems.
Once-daily versus multiple-daily dosing with intravenous aminoglycosides for cystic fibrosis (2000)

Despite a lack of difference between the two groups we feel that these results should be viewed with caution as the numbers of patients involved was small and lacks the power to detect a difference between the groups. This systematic review has highlighted the need for a well designed, adequately-powered, multicentre, randomised controlled trial assessing the efficacy of once-daily versus multiple-daily dosing of intravenous aminoglycosides for pulmonary exacerbations in cystic fibrosis.