gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
On-road vehicle detection using Gabor filters and support vector machines (2003)

On-road vehicle detection is an important problem with application to driver assistance systems and autonomous, self-guided vehicles. The focus of this paper is on the problem of feature extraction and classification for rear-view vehicle detection. Specifically, we propose using Gabor filters for vehicle feature extraction and support vector machines (SVM) for vehicle detection. Gabor filters provide a mechanism for obtaining some degree of invariance to intensity due to global illumination, selectivity in scale, and selectivity in orientation. Basically, they are orientation and scale tunable edge and line detectors. Vehicles do contain strong edges and lines at different orientation and scales, thus, the statistics of these features (e.g., mean, standard deviation, and skewness) could be very powerful for vehicle detection. To provide robustness, these statistics are not extracted from the whole image but rather are collected from several subimages obtained by subdividing the original image into subwindows. These features are then used to train a SVM classifier. Extensive experimentation and comparisons using real data, different features (e.g., based on principal components analysis (PCA)), and different classifiers (e.g., neural networks (NN)) demonstrate the superiority of the proposed approach which has achieved an average accuracy of 94.81% on completely novel test images.
Neural network modelling (1991)

The author reviews recent developments in neural networks that are of general interest to physicists engaged in biological and biomedical research. Examples are examined of models streamlined for collective computation (McCulloch-Pitts, Little, Hopfield and Cowan-Hopfield models), Neural networks in theoretical neurobiology and synthetic neural networks are also detailed.
The Effect of Surface Chemistry on the Glass Transition of Polycarbonate Inside Cylindrical Nanopores (2015)

The effect of surface chemistry on the glass transition of polycarbonate (PC) inside cylindrical nanopores is studied. Polycarbonate is melt-wetted into nanoporous anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) treated with hydrophobic alkyl- and fluorosilanes of varying length. The curvature observed at the nanowire tips is consistent with a contact angle descriptive of polycarbonate-AAO surface interactions. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) thermograms reveal a distinct broadening of the <i>T</i><sub>g</sub> that is related to the motion of polymer chains at the nanopore wall as well as at the core. DSC and thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) show that polycarbonate infiltrated into a naked AAO template (without silane treatment) degrades upon heating, suggestive of a surface-catalyzed degradation mechanism. It is further shown that silane treatment largely prevents PC thermal degradation.
Plasma Sex Steroid Hormone Levels and Risk of Breast Cancer in Postmenopausal Women (1998)

Our data, in conjunction with past epidemiologic and animal studies, provide strong evidence for a causal relationship between postmenopausal estrogen levels and the risk of breast cancer.
Author comment: EXPLORING HUMAN BIOLOGY WITH N-OF-1 CLINICAL TRIALS — R1/PR6 (2022)

Studies on humans that exploit contemporary data-intensive, high-throughput ‘omic’ assay technologies, such as genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics and metabolomics, have unequivocally revealed that humans differ greatly at the molecular level. These differences, which are compounded by each individual’s distinct behavioral and environmental exposures, impact individual responses to health interventions such as diet and drugs. Questions about the best way to tailor health interventions to individuals based on their nuanced genomic, physiologic, behavioral, etc. profiles have motivated the current emphasis on ‘precision’ medicine. This review’s purpose is to describe how the design and execution of N-of-1 (or personalized) multivariate clinical trials can advance the field. Such trials focus on individual responses to health interventions from a whole-person perspective, leverage emerging health monitoring technologies, and can be used to address the most relevant questions in the precision medicine era. This includes how to validate biomarkers that may indicate appropriate activity of an intervention as well as how to identify likely beneficial interventions for an individual. We also argue that multivariate N-of-1 and aggregated N-of-1 trials are ideal vehicles for advancing biomedical and translational science in the precision medicine era since the insights gained from them can not only shed light on how to treat or prevent diseases generally, but also provide insight into how to provide real-time care to the very individuals who are seeking attention for their health concerns in the first place.
HEp-2 Cell Classification with Heterogeneous Classes-Processes Based on K-Nearest Neighbours (2014)

We present a scheme for the feature extraction and classification of the fluorescence staining patterns of HEp-2 cells in IIF images. We propose a set of complementary processes specific to each class of patterns to search. Our set of processes consists of preprocessing, features extraction and classification. The choice of methods, features and parameters was performed automatically, using the Mean Class Accuracy (MCA) as a figure of merit. We extract a large number (108) of features able to fully characterize the staining pattern of HEp-2 cells. We propose a classification approach based on two steps: the first step follows the one-against-all (OAA) scheme, while the second step follows the one-against-one (OAO) scheme. To do this, we needed to implement 21 KNN classifiers: 6 OAA and 15 OAO. Leave-one-out image cross validation method was used for the evaluation of the results.
Measurements of the Frequency-Dependent Impedance of a Thin Wire With Ground Return (2005)

Measurements of the frequency-dependent impedance of a thin wire with ground return is performed. We argue that the results from a downscaled experimental setup are useful and relevant for power-line applications. The experimental result is compared with two categories of line models. The first category is a model that uses fixed line parameters and the second category consists of models where the inductance and the resistance are frequency dependent. As expected, the frequency-dependent line parameters must be used in the modeling for consistency with the measurements. The result shows that measurements are important to determine the accuracy and limitations of different simulation models.
Predicting flow stress of Ni steel based on machine learning algorithm (2021)

This article builds a stress–strain prediction model based on production data from the steel industry by using machine learning algorithms. Based on the stress–strain data of 9Ni steel hot deformation behavior, the prediction model of flow stress constitutive equation of 9Ni steel is established. Four models, including Arrhenius-type model considering strain compensation, Arrhenius-type model of Stochastic Configuration Networks (SCNs) neural network, Arrhenius-type model of Multi-objective Particle Swarm Optimization (AMPSO) and Support Vector Machine (SVM) model, are adopted in this research. The results show that the Arrhenius-type model considering strain compensation can predict the stress trend under different deformation conditions, but its prediction accuracy has some deviation. The prediction model based on SVM algorithm has the best prediction accuracy. The square of Correlation Coefficient (R 2 ), the Average Absolute Relative Error (AARE), and Mean Square Error (MSE) are 0.99996, 0.002455, and 0.1998, respectively. Based on the data of 9Ni steel hot deformation behavior, the prediction models of machine learning algorithm have good application prospects in steel industry.
Generic Postfunctionalization Route from Amino-Derived Metal−Organic Frameworks (2010)

This study deals with the development of a soft, generic, one-pot postfunctionalization method for metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) starting from compounds with an amino group on the linker. The first step consists of transforming the amino group into azide (N(3)) by an unconventional route using tBuONO and TMSN(3). In the same vessel, the desired functionalized MOF then is obtained by the Huisgen 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of azides to alkynes, otherwise known as the "click" reaction. The method was applied to DMOF-NH(2) and MIL-68(In)-NH(2), which represent two distinct and important classes of MOF. For both, the functionalization was complete (>90% grafting) and the crystallinity was maintained. Thanks to the large diversity and availability of cyano- and acetylene-based chemicals, this method opens the door to tailor-made functionalized MOFs.
Continuous Water Monitoring System (1990)

Abstract : This report details the activities of a Phase I Small Business Innovation Research contract with Arnold Engineering Development Center, Air Force System Command, Arnold Air Force Base, Tennessee, to develop a system to monitor return cooling water flow from AEDC to Woods Reservoir. An alarm would be provided to signal when determined levels of selected impurities are exceeded. The work undertaken was the design, prototype construction, and testing of membrane interfaces that allowed gases, but not water to permeate. The gases were then analyzed with a quadruple mass spectrometer.
RTP Payload for DTMF Digits, Telephony Tones and Telephony Signals (2000)

This memo describes how to carry dual-tone multifrequency (DTMF) signaling, other tone signals and telephony events in RTP packets.
Micro-nanoparticle gels obtained from bark for their use alone and with chitosan and Na-CMC in paper coatings (2015)

Abstract The effect of coatings on paper sheets has been studied. For this purpose gels were prepared from unextracted and extracted bark. The gels represented dispersions of micro- and nanoparticles. The coatings were also prepared from mixtures of gels with chitosan solutions in 1% acetic acid and aqueous Na-carboxymethylcellulose (Na-CMC) solutions. The properties – Gurley air resistance, water vapour sorption, and mechanical properties of paper sheets – were tested. For obtaining the gels, the bark was destructed by a thermocatalytic method and then dispersed in water in a ball mill. The gels contained mainly nanoparticles with an average size of about 300 nm. Paper sheets produced by the Ligatne Paper Mill (Latvia) were coated on both sides. Gurley air resistance increases with increasing thickness of the coatings and with increasing gel concentration. At a gel concentration of 10% and a coating thickness of 35 μm, air resistance increases by 57% (gel from unextracted bark) and 72% (gel from extracted bark) compared to uncoated paper sheets. The coatings from bark gels in combination with Na-CMC and chitosan solutions increase further the air resistance. The coatings at gel concentrations up to 6% elevate the burst strength and tensile strength in a dry state. The coatings from mixtures of bark gel and chitosan and Na-CMC heighten further the mechanical properties and elevate the water vapour sorption of paper sheets.
Fast, thermostatic, Pirani gauge (1983)

The Wheatstone bridge of a Pirani gauge has been made self-balancing, and the gauge thermostatic, using a simple but novel dual op-amp circuit. The system retains the electrical and pneumatic robustness, and the atmospheric to high-vacuum pressure range, characteristic of conductance-type gauges. Without recourse to ultrathin material for the temperature-dependent resistor, response time constants (dependent on bridge setting) of &amp;lt;30 ms in high vacuum have been demonstrated. At total pressures &amp;lt;0.1 Pa, the system can detect pressure change, sustained for &amp;gt;0.1 s, of 2.5 mPa; or an impulse of pressure change, occurring within 50 ms, of 0.25 mPa s. The circuit described is also applicable to bolometric power measurement, where fast response is required.
OptORAMa: Optimal Oblivious RAM (2022)

Oblivious RAM (ORAM), first introduced in the ground-breaking work of Goldreich and Ostrovsky (STOC ’87 and J. ACM ’96) is a technique for provably obfuscating programs’ access patterns, such that the access patterns leak no information about the programs’ secret inputs. To compile a general program to an oblivious counterpart, it is well-known that Ω (log N ) amortized blowup in memory accesses is necessary, where N is the size of the logical memory. This was shown in Goldreich and Ostrovksy’s original ORAM work for statistical security and in a somewhat restricted model (the so-called balls-and-bins model), and recently by Larsen and Nielsen (CRYPTO ’18) for computational security. A long-standing open question is whether there exists an optimal ORAM construction that matches the aforementioned logarithmic lower bounds (without making large memory word assumptions, and assuming a constant number of CPU registers). In this article, we resolve this problem and present the first secure ORAM with O (log N ) amortized blowup, assuming one-way functions. Our result is inspired by and non-trivially improves on the recent beautiful work of Patel et al. (FOCS ’18) who gave a construction with O (log N ⋅ log log N ) amortized blowup, assuming one-way functions. One of our building blocks of independent interest is a linear-time deterministic oblivious algorithm for tight compaction: Given an array of n elements where some elements are marked, we permute the elements in the array so that all marked elements end up in the front of the array. Our O ( n ) algorithm improves the previously best-known deterministic or randomized algorithms whose running time is O ( n ⋅ log n ) or O ( n ⋅ log log n ), respectively.
Surgical Treatment of Congestive Heart Failure (2002)

Cardiac transplantation is the definitive surgical treatment for patients with severe left ventricular dysfunction and congestive heart failure. Unfortunately, however, the supply of donor hearts remains severely limited, so transplantation is an option for only a minority of these patients. Even after being approved for a heart transplant, patients often have a long wait until a suitable donor heart can be found. This waiting period entails a significant mortality rate. Because the supply of donor hearts is not expected to increase, surgeons have introduced several alternatives to heart transplantation, including partial left ventriculectomy, mitral valve repair, myocardial revascularization, and endoventricular circular patch plasty. For maximal benefit, surgeons must refine the selection criteria for determining which patients are the best candidates for each of these procedures.
ChemInform Abstract: The System Bi2O3/BiI3. (1998)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Features of the Anti-Ulcer Effects of Oren-Gedoku-To (a Traditional Chinese Medicine) and Its Component Herb Drugs (1989)

This report describes the features of the anti-ulcer effect of Oren-gedoku-to (OGT, a traditional Chinese medicine) and its component herb drugs. Coptidis rhizoma and Phellodendri cortex given orally dose-dependently inhibited the appearance of ethanol-induced gastric hemorrhagic lesions in a dose range of 25–100 mg/kg, but the formation of the lesions was not prevented by Scutellariae radix or Gardeniae fructus at the same doses. Coptidis rhizoma, Phellodendri cortex and Gardeniae fructus inhibited the gastric potential difference (PD) reduction induced by ethanol, whereas Scutellariae radix did not prevent the decrease in the PD reduction caused by ethanol. Phellodendri cortex, Scutellariae radix and Gardeniae fructus had no significant influence on the basal PD, while Coptidis rhizoma increased the basal PD. The four herb drugs prevented gastric acid secretion induced by 2-deoxy-D-glucose, but the three drugs except for Phellodendri cortex showed little effect on pentagastrin-stimulation. These results suggest that the gastric mucosal protection by OGT is ascribed to Coptidis rhizoma and Phellodendri cortex, and its antisecretory effect is due to the four drugs.
Data from Genetic Associations in Classical Hodgkin Lymphoma: A Systematic Review and Insights into Susceptibility Mechanisms (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;Both targeted and genome-wide studies have revealed genetic associations for susceptibility, prognosis, and treatment-induced secondary malignancies and toxicities in classical Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL). This review gives a systematic and comprehensive overview of significant associations and places them into a biologic context. The strongest susceptibility polymorphisms have been found for the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) genes. These associations are specific for cHL overall or for subgroups based on tumor cell Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) status. These findings strongly suggest that EBV-specific immune responses influence cHL susceptibility in EBV&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt; cHL and that immune responses targeting other tumor-associated antigens are important in EBV&lt;sup&gt;−&lt;/sup&gt; cHL. Accordingly, most of the numerous other susceptibility loci map to genes that affect functionality of the immune system, underscoring the crucial role of the immune system in cHL development. The number of association studies on cHL prognosis is limited with one consistent association for the drug-metabolizing &lt;i&gt;UGT1A1&lt;/i&gt; gene. &lt;i&gt;PRDM1&lt;/i&gt; is associated with radiation-induced secondary malignancies and a small number of genes are associated with treatment-related toxicities. In conclusion, most loci showing genetic associations in cHL harbor genes with a potential functional relevance for cHL susceptibility. &lt;i&gt;Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 23(12); 2737–47. ©2014 AACR&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Multidisciplinary studies in Onega Bay of the White Sea and the estuary of the Onega River during the summer period (2008)

The distribution of the temperature and salinity, current velocities, suspended particulate matter, bottom sediments, bottom morphology, and planktonic and benthic organisms during the summer period are studied in the estuary of the large Onega River and the coastal areas of Onega Bay (White Sea) influenced by interacting marine and riverine factors.
Probabilistic exhibition information estimation model for optimal configuration of exhibition space (2015)

We present an exhibition information model (EIM) by analyzing quantitative data for curators to configure the exhibition space. The proposed method consists of three steps: i) probabilistic interest prediction model (IPM), ii) mutual interest-based time prediction, and iii) spatial analysis for path prediction. The proposed method can be simulated in advance using the information of visitors and characteristics of the exhibition. The proposed simulation method can be applied to analyze the visitor's behavior by detecting and tracking moving objects.
GENOME-WIDE GENETIC INTERACTION ANALYSIS OF GLAUCOMA USING EXPERT KNOWLEDGE DERIVED FROM HUMAN PHENOTYPE NETWORKS (2014)

The large volume of GWAS data poses great computational challenges for analyzing genetic interactions associated with common human diseases. We propose a computational framework for characterizing epistatic interactions among large sets of genetic attributes in GWAS data. We build the human phenotype network (HPN) and focus around a disease of interest. In this study, we use the GLAUGEN glaucoma GWAS dataset and apply the HPN as a biological knowledge-based filter to prioritize genetic variants. Then, we use the statistical epistasis network (SEN) to identify a significant connected network of pairwise epistatic interactions among the prioritized SNPs. These clearly highlight the complex genetic basis of glaucoma. Furthermore, we identify key SNPs by quantifying structural network characteristics. Through functional annotation of these key SNPs using Biofilter, a software accessing multiple publicly available human genetic data sources, we find supporting biomedical evidences linking glaucoma to an array of genetic diseases, proving our concept. We conclude by suggesting hypotheses for a better understanding of the disease.
Is Benefit Finding Good for Your Health? (2009)

After experiencing a stressful or traumatic event, many individuals report positive changes in their lives, or benefit finding. Preliminary evidence suggests that benefit finding may lead to improvements in physical health. However, the mechanisms linking benefit finding to physical health outcomes have not been determined. This article describes an integrative model that identifies specific psychological and physiological pathways through which benefit finding may affect physical health. The underlying premise of the model is that benefit finding leads to more adaptive, efficient responses to future stressors, limiting exposure to stress hormones that may have damaging effects on long-term health.
The State of Leukocyte Adhesiveness/Aggregation in the Peripheral Blood of Patients with Respiratory Tract Infections (1990)

The state of leukocyte adhesiveness/aggregation (LAA) in the peripheral blood has been employed as a marker of inflammation. In the present study we examined patients with varying intensities of inflammation caused by respiratory tract infections to further investigate the reliability of the state of LAA for the detection and assessment of the severity of disease activity. The study includes 140 controls, 46 patients with upper respiratory tract infection, 30 with bronchitis, 27 with suspicion of pulmonary infiltrate, and 39 with small and 18 with large pulmonary infiltrate. Assessment was based on assuming an increasing severity of inflammation from the 1st to the 6th diagnostic category and by making use of discriminant analysis. It was found that the state of LAA proved to be the best variable to classify the patients into their diagnostic category (F to enter 27), followed by erythrocyte sedimentation rate at the 1st h (F to enter 20.8) and total white blood cell count (F to enter 8.3). These studies were followed by animal experimentation. A highly significant correlation (p = 0.005) was found between the state of LAA in the peripheral blood and the degree of pulmonary leukostasis in a model of endotoxemia in rabbits. These results suggest that the state of LAA is not an epiphenomenon and represents the tendency of the white blood cells to stick to the endothelium which facilitates their migration into the tissues.
Concept and Realization of the Formation of Metastable Tetragonal (Zr1-xCex)O2 Nanocrystals in Aqueous Solutions (2006)

Abstract not Available.