gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The synthesis and reactions of certain 3‐substituted‐2,1‐benzisothiazoles (1978)

Abstract A new and general synthesis of 2,l‐benzisothiazolin‐3‐ones ( 2 ) is described from the corresponding isatoic anhydride ( 3 ) and potassium hydrogen sulfide which gives the thioanthranilic acid ( 4 ) which is readily oxadized and ring closed to 2 with hydrogen peroxide. Phosphorus oxy‐chloride converted 3‐hydroxy‐2,1‐benzisothiazole to 3‐chloro‐2,1‐benzisothiazole which gave a number of different 3‐substiluted 2,1‐benzisothiazolesby nucleophilic substitution of the 3‐chloro group. Rleetrophilie substitution of 1‐methyl‐2,1 ‐benzisothiazoIin‐3‐one ( 2i ) proceeded readily to give the corresponding 5‐bromo‐, 5‐nitro‐, and 5‐chlorosulfonyl‐1‐methyl‐2,1‐benzisothiazolin‐3‐one. This appears to be a good synthetic route to such 2,1‐benzisothiazole derivatives.
Single Molecule Magnet Behavior of a Pentanuclear Mn-Based Metallacrown Complex: Solid State and Solution Magnetic Studies (2011)

The magnetic behavior of the pentanuclear complex of formula MnII(O2CCH3)2[12-MCMnIII(N)shi-4](DMF)6, 1, was investigated using magnetization and magnetic susceptibility measurements both in the solid state and in solution. Complex 1 has a nearly planar structure, made of a central MnII ion surrounded by four peripheral MnIII ions. Solid state variable-field dc magnetic susceptibility experiments demonstrate that 1 possesses a low value for the total spin in the ground state; fitting appropriate expressions to the data results in antiferromangetic coupling both between the peripheral MnIII ions (J = −6.3 cm–1) and between the central MnII ion and the MnIII ones (J′ = −4.2 cm–1). In order to obtain a reasonable fit, a relatively large single ion magnetic anisotropy (D) value of 1 cm–1 was necessary for the central MnII ion. The single crystal magnetization measurements using a microsquid array display a very slight opening of the hysteresis loop but only at a very low temperature (0.04 K), which is in line with the ac susceptibility data where a slow relaxation of the magnetization occurs just around 2 K. In frozen solution, complex 1 displays a frequency dependent ac magnetic susceptibility signal with an energy barrier to magnetization reorientation (E) and relaxation time at an infinite temperature (τo) of 14.7 cm–1 and 1.4 × 10–7 s, respectively, demonstrating the single molecule magnetic behavior in solution.
The Respiratory System (1999)

The questions in this chapter constitute a review of the following chapters in Family Medicine: Principles and Practice, Fifth Edition:
Determination of Precious Metal Alloys by Radio Frequency Glow Discharge Atomic Emission Spectroscopy (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDetermination of Precious Metal Alloys by Radio Frequency Glow Discharge Atomic Emission SpectroscopyTina R. Harville and R. Kenneth. MarcusCite this: Anal. Chem. 1995, 67, 7, 1271–1277Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac00103a019https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00103a019research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views283Altmetric-Citations16LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
The UK MEIS facility: A new future (2012)

The Medium Energy Ion Scattering facility at the Daresbury Laboratory, one of only afew such facilities in the world, has served the UK community since 1996. It provided a50-400 keV ion beam and a very comprehensive experimental station where samples could bestudied and the energies and angles of the scattered ions measured. It has now closed, butwill be be relocated some 50 miles to the University of Huddersfield: it will berecommissioned and should be available to users by the end of 2012. We report on progress,and on the facilities which will be available for users at the new site and under the newmanagement.
Update on ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome: Part 1--Incidence and pathogenesis. (2008)

Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) is a rare and potentially life-threatening complication during controlled ovarian stimulation. It can be associated with severe morbidity and may even be fatal. The etiology of the condition and predisposing factors are still not fully understood. Data concerning pathophysiology in patients with OHSS were searched using PubMed and other medical data bases. The incidence of severe OHSS, as calculated by World Health Organization (WHO), is 0.2-1% of all stimulation cycles in assisted reproduction. Considerations on OHSS classifications and forms of manifestations are discussed in detail. New insights concerning genetics and altered FSH receptor are given. OHSS may involve, according to its grade of severity, elevated or decreased levels of growth factors, cytokines, mediators, changes in hormones, renin-angiotensin and kinin-kallikrein system. There are massive electrolytic imbalances and changes in hemodynamic and fluid metabolism. Furthermore, liver and pulmonary dysfunction is observed as well as increased coagulation with subsequent thromboembolism. The influence of OHSS on the pregnancy rate and outcome of pregnancy is a matter of controversy. Patients with OHSS have high pregnancy rates with a tendency to an increased incidence of abortion.
A Tunable Fabry-Perot Optical Filter for Application in Biochemical Analysis of Human's Fluids (2006)

This paper reports a Fabry-Perot tunable optical filter for application in clinical analysis, especially to measure the concentration of biochemical substances in biological fluids. Its tunable characteristics enable the measurement of different biochemical substances with the same device. It is composed of two parallel thin silver mirrors with a beta-PVDF (poly(vinylidene fluoride) in its beta phase) film in-between as the resonance cavity. The filter is tuned by adjusting the space between the mirrors through an electric voltage inducing dipolar orientation in the beta-PVDF film. Once the thickness changes of the beta-PVDF film is due to variations at a molecular level, the changes are rather homogeneous within the samples. As a result, this approach achieves parallelism between the two mirrors, which is a complex problem to solve in conventional Fabry-Perot optical filters. Moreover, compared with an array of non-tunable optical filters with different cavity lengths, usually used to solve the parallelism problem, this device has a reduced area, its fabrication process is easier and it covers a wider spectral range. In addition, when used as a part of a biological fluids analysis system, it avoids the need for expensive optics and enables low-cost and portable devices, which would improve the use of spectrophotometric analysis in clinical diagnostics
Thermal Covert Channels on Multi-core Platforms (2015)

Side channels remain a challenge to information flow control and security in modern computing platforms. Resource partitioning techniques that minimise the number of shared resources among processes are often used to address this challenge. In this work, we focus on multi-core platforms and we demonstrate that even seemingly strong isolation techniques based on dedicated cores and memory can be circumvented through the use of thermal side channels. Specifically, we show that the processor core temperature can be used both as a side channel as well as a covert communication channel even when the system implements strong spatial and temporal partitioning. Our experiments on an x86-based platform demonstrate covert thermal channels that achieve up to 12.5 bps and a weak side channel that can detect processes executed on neighbouring cores. This work therefore shows a limitation in the isolation that can be achieved on existing multi-core systems.
Experiments in high current switching using small contact gaps (2002)

A series of tests were performed on two types of commercial vacuum interrupters, herein called Type A and Type B to ascertain the effect of the contact gap on their high current interruption ability. The tests were carried out on a synthetic test plant at 12 kV, 31.5 kA for the Type A and 12 kV, 13.1 kA for the Type B, all values are rms. Three interrupters of each type were tested at contact gaps of between 8 mm and 1 mm. In addition, identical contacts were subjected to short circuit testing in a vacuum demountable chamber which allowed filming of the arc by means of a high speed camera. The results indicate that Type A showed a significant reduction in the probability of interruption of the rated short circuit current at contact gaps below 4 mm, whereas Type B showed no degradation at contact gaps down to 1 mm. The reasons for this are discussed.
Partial Truthfulness in Minimal Peer Prediction Mechanisms With Limited Knowledge (2018)

We study minimal single-task peer prediction mechanisms that have limited knowledge about agents' beliefs. Without knowing what agents' beliefs are or eliciting additional information, it is not possible to design a truthful mechanism in a Bayesian-Nash sense. We go beyond truthfulness and explore equilibrium strategy profiles that are only partially truthful. Using the results from the multi-armed bandit literature, we give a characterization of how inefficient these equilibria are comparing to truthful reporting. We measure the inefficiency of such strategies by counting the number of dishonest reports that any minimal knowledge-bounded mechanism must have. We show that the order of this number is θ(log n), where n is the number of agents, and we provide a peer prediction mechanism that achieves this bound in expectation.
Multiple Determinants Influence Complex Formation of the Hepatitis C Virus NS3 Protease Domain with Its NS4A Cofactor Peptide (1999)

The interaction of the hepatitis C virus (HCV) NS3 protease domain with its NS4A cofactor peptide (Pep4AK) was investigated at equilibrium and at pre-steady state under different physicochemical conditions. Equilibrium dissociation constants of the NS3-Pep4AK complex varied by several orders of magnitude depending on buffer additives. Glycerol, NaCl, detergents, and peptide substrates were found to stabilize this interaction. The extent of glycerol-induced stabilization varied in an HCV strain-dependent way with at least one determinant mapping to an NS3-NS4A interaction site. Conformational transitions affecting at least the first 18 amino acids of NS3 were the main energy barriers for both the association and the dissociation reactions of the complex. However, deletion of this N-terminal portion of the protease molecule only slightly influenced equilibrium dissociation constants determined under different physicochemical conditions. Limited proteolysis experiments coupled with mass spectrometric identification of cleavage fragments suggested a high degree of conformational flexibility affecting at least the first 21 residues of NS3. The accessibility of this region of the protease to limited chymotryptic digestion did not significantly change in any condition tested, whereas a significant reduction of chymotryptic cleavages within the NS3 core was detected under conditions of high NS3-Pep4AK complex affinity. We conclude the following: (1) The N-terminus of the NS3 protease that, according to the X-ray crystal structure, makes extensive contacts with the cofactor peptide is highly flexible in solution and contributes only marginally to the thermodynamic stability of the complex. (2) Affinity enhancement is accomplished by several factors through a general stabilization of the fold of the NS3 molecule.
Selectivity of Coal Macerals During Flotation and Oil Agglomeration: A Case Study (1984)

Fine coals (less than 0·5 mm) having high mineral matter content in intimate association with the different organic coal components (macerals), poses problems in their preparation. In order to study the preparation characteristics of such coal fines, broad specific gravity fractions of a particular Indian coking coal were separately subjected to froth flotation and oil agglomeration tests. Flotation concentrates as well as the oil-agglomerated products were collected separately and their petrographic constituents were analysed under microscope. The different coal macerals showed characteristic selectivity in flotation as well as in oil-agglomeration processes. In both the cases vitrinites were found to get selectively concentrated in the cleans. The petrographic make up of the flotation concentrates collected at time intervals of 15 s revealed that pure vitrinite particles tend to respond in the initial stage of flotation, while in the later stage other microlithotypes, e.g., vitrinertite, trimacerite, inertite were collected in the concentrates, Proper selection of collection time and other process variables may be helpful in controlling the petrographic composition of the concentrates.
Submicron Nonvolatile Memory Cell Based on Reversible Phase Transition in Chalcogenide Glasses (2000)

Electrically rewritable nonvolatile memories using chalcogenide semiconductors were studied. The memory cell size was changed from 0.3 to 1.5 µmφ using a focused ion beam. This material can be used for nonvolatile random access memory. Reversible phase transition between the amorphous and crystalline states, which is accompanied by a considerable change in electrical resistivity, is exploited to store bits of information. The currents for write/erase were decreased with reducing memory cell size. In the memory cell of 0.6 µmφ, more than 10 4 repetition cycles of the phase transition were attained by the electric pulses. The voltages for the crystallization and amorphization processes were 2 V and 2.2 V, respectively.
Informed Sampling for Asymptotically Optimal Path Planning (2018)

Anytime almost-surely asymptotically optimal planners, such as RRT*, incrementally find paths to every state in the search domain. This is inefficient once an initial solution is found, as then only states that can provide a better solution need to be considered. Exact knowledge of these states requires solving the problem but can be approximated with heuristics. This paper formally defines these sets of states and demonstrates how they can be used to analyze arbitrary planning problems. It uses the well-known L2 norm (i.e., Euclidean distance) to analyze minimum-path-length problems and shows that existing approaches decrease in effectiveness factorially (i.e., faster than exponentially) with state dimension. It presents a method to address this curse of dimensionality by directly sampling the prolate hyperspheroids (i.e., symmetric ndimensional ellipses) that define the L2 informed set. The importance of this direct informed sampling technique is demonstrated with Informed RRT*. This extension of RRT* has less theoretical dependence on state dimension and problem size than existing techniques and allows for linear convergence on some problems. It is shown experimentally to find better solutions faster than existing techniques on both abstract planning problems and HERB, a two-arm manipulation robot.
iOverbook: Intelligent Resource-Overbooking to Support Soft Real-Time Applications in the Cloud (2014)

Cloud service providers (CSPs) often overbook their resources with user applications despite having to maintain service-level agreements with their customers. Overbooking is attractive to CSPs because it helps to reduce power consumption in the data center by packing more user jobs in less number of resources while improving their profits. Overbooking becomes feasible because user applications tend to overestimate their resource requirements utilizing only a fraction of the allocated resources. Arbitrary resource overbooking ratios, however, may be detrimental to soft real-time applications, such as airline reservations or Netflix video streaming, which are increasingly hosted in the cloud. The changing dynamics of the cloud preclude an offline determination of overbooking ratios. To address these concerns, this paper presents iOverbook, which uses a machine learning approach to make systematic and online determination of overbooking ratios such that the quality of service needs of soft real-time systems can be met while still benefiting from overbooking. Specifically, iOverbook utilizes historic data of tasks and host machines in the cloud to extract their resource usage patterns and predict future resource usage along with the expected mean performance of host machines. To evaluate our approach, we have used a large usage trace made available by Google of one of its production data centers. In the context of the traces, our experiments show that iOverbook can help CSPs improve their resource utilization by an average of 12.5% and save 32% power in the data center.
Effects of Carbonate Solvents and Lithium Salts on Morphology and Coulombic Efficiency of Lithium Electrode (2013)

The application of lithium (Li) metal anodes in rechargeable batteries is hindered by Li dendrite growth during Li deposition and low Li Coulombic efficiency (CE), where the nonaqueous electrolyte plays a critical role. In this work, the effects of different carbonate solvents and Li salts on Li deposition morphology and CE were systematically investigated. Typically, cyclic carbonates favor the formation of uniform Li films and improve Li CE more than linear carbonates do. Several specific cyclic carbonates that are conventionally used as solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) formation additives in Li-ion batteries can also improve the CE of Li anodes. Furthermore, among the nine electrolyte salts studied, LiAsF6 and lithium bis(oxalato)borate (LiBOB) lead to the highest CE. LiBOB also leads to better uniformity of deposited Li than other salts do. Considering the better safety of LiBOB as compared to LiAsF6, LiBOB is a promising salt for rechargeable Li metal batteries with high CE. By combining the best electrolyte solvent/salt that can lead to high CE with novel electrolyte additives that can prevent dendrite formation, it is possible to find an electrolyte that not only prevents Li dendrite formation but also leads to high CE during Li deposition/stripping processes.
Scaling Relations for Piezoresistive Microphones (2000)

Abstract This paper presents a comprehensive model of a circular-diaphragm piezoresistive microphone. The structural characteristics of the diaphragm are developed as a function of both in-plane stress and transverse loading. The mechanical scaling for piezoresistor location and maximum sensitivity is given. The dynamics of the microphone are explored by combining the fundamental structural model with a lumped-element energy model. A description of the elements is given along with the frequency limitations of the lumped approximation for each element. This model is then used to provide insight into the key aspects of the dynamic response.
Compiling software for a hierarchical distributed processing system (2023)

Compiling software for a hierarchical distributed processing system including providing to one or more compiling nodes software to be compiled, wherein at least a portion of the software to be compiled is to be executed by one or more nodes; compiling, by the compiling node, the software; maintaining, by the compiling node, any compiled software to be executed on the compiling node; selecting, by the compiling node, one or more nodes in a next tier of the hierarchy of the distributed processing system in dependence upon whether any compiled software is for the selected node or the selected node's descendents; sending to the selected node only the compiled software to be executed by the selected node or selected node's descendent.
Numerical Investigations of the Influencing Factors on a Rotary Regenerator-Type Catalytic Combustion Reactor (2018)

Ultra-low calorific value gas (ULCVG) not only poses a problem for environmental pollution, but also createsa waste of energy resources if not utilized. A novel reactor, a rotary regenerator-type catalytic combustion reactor (RRCCR), which integrates the functions of a regenerator and combustor into one component, is proposed for the elimination and utilization of ULCVG. Compared to reversal-flow reactor, the operation of the RRCCR is achieved by incremental rotation rather than by valve control, and it has many outstanding characteristics, such as a compact structure, flexible application, and limited energy for circulation. Due to the effects of the variation of the gas flow and concentration on the performance of the reactor, different inlet velocities and concentrations are analyzed by numerical investigations. The results reveal that the two factors have a major impact on the performance of the reactor. The performance of the reactor is more sensitive to the increase of velocity and the decrease of methane concentration. When the inlet concentration (2%vol.) is reduced by 50%, to maintain the methane conversion over 90%, the inlet velocity can be reduced by more than three times. Finally, the highly-efficient and stable operating envelope of the reactor is drawn.
Deletion of cystathionine-γ-lyase in bone marrow-derived cells promotes colitis-associated carcinogenesis (2022)

Ulcerative colitis (UC) is characterized by widespread relapsing inflammation of the colonic mucosa. Colitis-associated cancer (CAC) is one of the most serious complications of a prolonged history of UC. Hydrogen sulfide (H<sub>2</sub>S) has emerged as an important physiological mediator of gastrointestinal homeostasis, limiting mucosal inflammation and promoting tissue healing in response to injury. Inhibition of cystathionine-γ-lyase (CSE)-dependent H<sub>2</sub>S production in animal models of UC has been shown to exacerbate colitis and delay tissue repair. It is unknown whether CSE plays a role in CAC, or the downregulation of CSE expression and/or activity promotes CAC development. In humans, we observed a significant decrease in CSE expression in colonic biopsies from patients with UC. Using the dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) model of epithelium injury-induced colitis and global CSE KO mouse strain, we demonstrated that CSE is critical in limiting mucosal inflammation and stimulating epithelial cell proliferation in response to injury. In vitro studies showed that CSE activity stimulates epithelial cell proliferation, basal and cytokine-stimulated cell migration, as well as cytokine regulation of transepithelial permeability. In the azoxymethane (AOM)/DSS model of CAC, the loss of CSE expression accelerated both the development and progression of CAC. The increased tumor multiplicity and severity of CAC observed in CSE-KO mice were associated with reduced levels of mucosal IL-10 expression and increased levels of IL-6. Restoring CSE expression in bone marrow (BM) cells of CSE-KO mice through reciprocal BM transplantation raised mucosal IL-10 expression, decreased IL-6 level, and reduced the number of aberrant crypt foci and tumors in AOM/DSS-treated mice. These studies demonstrate that CSE expression in BM cells plays a critical role in suppressing CAC in mice. Furthermore, the data suggest that the inhibitory effects of CSE on the development of CAC are due, in part, to the modulation of mucosal pro-and anti-inflammatory cytokine expression.