gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Neurotrophins, cytokines, oxidative parameters and funcionality in Progressive Muscular Dystrophies (2015)

We investigated the levels of brain derived-neurotrophic factor (BDNF), cytokines and oxidative parameters in serum and tried to correlate them with the age and functionality of patients with Progressive Muscle Dystrophies (PMD). The patients were separated into six groups (case and controls pared by age and gender), as follows: Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD); Steinert Myotonic Dystrophy (SMD); and Limb-girdle Muscular Dystrophy type-2A (LGMD2A). DMD patients (± 17.9 years old) had a decrease of functionality, an increase in the IL-1β and TNF-α levels and a decrease of IL-10 levels and superoxide dismutase activity in serum. SMD patients (± 25.8 years old) had a decrease of BDNF and IL-10 levels and superoxide dismutase activity and an increase of IL-1β levels in serum. LGMD2A patients (± 27.7 years old) had an decrease only in serum levels of IL-10. This research showed the first evidence of BDNF involvement in the SMD patients and a possible unbalance between pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokine levels, along with decreased superoxide dismutase activity in serum of DMD and SMD patients.
The Role of Oxygen Intake and Liver Enzyme on The Dynamics of Damaged Hepatocytes : Implications to Ischaemic Liver Injury via A Mathematical Model (2020)

Abstract Ischaemic Hepatitis (IH) or Hypoxic Hepatitis (HH) also known as centrilobular liver cell necrosis is an acute liver injury characterized by a rapid increase in serum aminotransferase. The liver injury typically results from another underlying medical conditions like cardiac failure, respiratory failure and septic shock in which the liver becomes damaged due to deprivation of either blood or oxygen. IH is a potentially lethal condition which is often preventable if diagnosed properly. Unfortunately, mechanism that causes IH are often not well understood, making it difficult to diagnose or accurately quantify the patterns of related biomakers . In most cases, currently the only way to determine a case of IH (i.e., to diagnose it) is to rule out all other possible conditions for other liver injuries. A better understanding of the liver’s response to IH is necessary to aid in its diagnosis, measurement and improve outcomes. The goal of this study, is to identify mechanisms that can alter a few associated biomarkers for reducing density of damaged hepatocytes, and thus reduce chances of IH. To this end, we develop a mathematical model capturing dynamics of hepatocytes in the liver through the rise and fall of associated liver enzymes aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) related to condition of IH . The model analysis provides a novel approach to predict the level of biomarkers given variations in the systemic oxygen in the body. Using IH patient data in US, novel model parameters are described and then estimated for the first time to capture real time dynamics of hepatocytes in the presence and absence of IH condition. Different scenarios of patient conditions were also analyzed and validated using empirical information. This study and its results may allow physicians to estimate the extent of liver damage in a IH patient based on their enzyme levels and receive faster treatment on real time basis.
First Wired Drill Pipe Deployment in Adriatic Sea (2019)

Abstract This paper presents the positive results of the first deployment of wired drill pipe (WDP) technology and along-string measurement (ASM) tools in drilling operations in the Adriatic Sea. The WDP system was used within the frame of a multi-objective testing program, in conjunction with an experimental downhole tool. The system allowed transmission of real-time, high-density, low-latency data from logging-while- drilling (LWD) tools and from ASM subs. These tools provided temperature, annular/internal pressure, rotation, and vibration data. This was the first time WDP and ASM tools were used by an operator in the Adriatic Sea. The system was also used for activation and communication with another experimental downhole tool on this project. The high-speed telemetry system made it possible to achieve impressive operational and performance benefits. Annular pressure measured along the string provided a better understanding of the drilling mud condition and behavior along the wellbore, thereby allowing the operator to stay in the safe mud-weight window and helping them to avoid unintentional hole fractures or collapse. During pumping in and out of hole, swab and surge were also monitored closely with downhole, real- time measurements from the ASM tools. The same effects were controlled after drilling each stand, when the interval drilled was reamed to ensure sufficient hole cleaning. While drilling, the system raised the rate of penetration (ROP) limit by removing constraints on data acquisition while still providing the confidence that the hole was being cleaned while drilling. Drillstring vibration was recorded as well, and potential benefit in preventing premature failure of downhole tools were highlighted. The test verified that improved drilling performance was enabled using WDP technology. Awareness of downhole conditions and a substantial reduction in risk were also benefits. In addition, the technology unlocked bidrectional communication and control with modern downhole tools.
Attenuation of Ultrasound in Normal Liver and Diffuse Liver Disease in Vivo (1984)

Preliminary results of in vivo attenuation measurements of the liver have been obtained in 39 normal patients and in 35 patients with diffuse liver disease. A modified real-time sector scanner incorporating an online attenuation measurement method was used. The value of attenuation in normal liver was estimated as 0.52 ± 0.03 dB/cm/MHz, measured at 3 MHz. Significantly higher attenuation values were obtained from patients with alcoholic and cardiac cirrhosis, and following hepatic artery infusion with chemotherapeutic agents. Lower values were obtained from patients with biliary cirrhosis, chronic active hepatitis, and diffuse infiltration by lymphoma or leukemia. Fatty infiltrated livers showed a wide range of values of 0.37 − 0.66 dB/cm/MHz. The results suggest that estimates of attenuation coefficients are useful in detecting the presence of diffuse liver disease.
A Measure of Asymptotic Efficiency for Tests of a Hypothesis Based on the sum of Observations (1952)

In many cases an optimum or computationally convenient test of a simple hypothesis $H_0$ against a simple alternative $H_1$ may be given in the following form. Reject $H_0$ if $S_n = \sum^n_{j=1} X_j \leqq k,$ where $X_1, X_2, \cdots, X_n$ are $n$ independent observations of a chance variable $X$ whose distribution depends on the true hypothesis and where $k$ is some appropriate number. In particular the likelihood ratio test for fixed sample size can be reduced to this form. It is shown that with each test of the above form there is associated an index $\rho$. If $\rho_1$ and $\rho_2$ are the indices corresponding to two alternative tests $e = \log \rho_1/\log \rho_2$ measures the relative efficiency of these tests in the following sense. For large samples, a sample of size $n$ with the first test will give about the same probabilities of error as a sample of size $en$ with the second test. To obtain the above result, use is made of the fact that $P(S_n \leqq na)$ behaves roughly like $m^n$ where $m$ is the minimum value assumed by the moment generating function of $X - a$. It is shown that if $H_0$ and $H_1$ specify probability distributions of $X$ which are very close to each other, one may approximate $\rho$ by assuming that $X$ is normally distributed.
ChemInform Abstract: DIELS‐ALDER‐RK. MIT CYAN‐DITHIOAMEISENSAEURE‐METHYLESTER, EIN WEG ZUR SYNTH. VON NEUEN KOHLENHYDRATEN MIT SCHWEFEL IM RING (1972)

Abstract Butadien (Ia) und 1‐Methoxy‐butadien (Ib) reagieren mit Cyandithioameisensäure‐methylester (II) zu den 6‐Cyan‐6‐methylthio‐A3‐dihydrothiapyranen (IIIa) und (IIIb) in 75 bzw. ,100%iger Ausbeute.
Nitric oxide in the breath of bottlenose dolphins: Effects of breath hold duration, feeding, and lung disease (2013)

Abstract Breath analysis, including measurement of nitric oxide ( NO ), is a noninvasive diagnostic tool that may help evaluate cetacean health. This is the first report on the effects of breath hold duration, feeding, and lung disease on NO in dolphin exhaled breath. Three healthy dolphins were trained to hold their breath for 30, 60, 90, and 120 s and then exhale into an underwater funnel. Exhaled NO values from 157 breath samples were compared among three healthy dolphins by breath hold time and after fasting and feeding. Exhaled NO values were also measured in two dolphins with pulmonary disease. NO in dolphin breath was higher compared to ambient air; healthy dolphins had higher NO concentrations in their breath after feeding compared to after overnight fasting; and there were no significant differences in exhaled NO levels by breath hold duration. A dolphin with Mycoplasma ‐associated pneumonia and chronic gastrointestinal disease had higher postprandial exhaled NO levels compared to healthy controls. This study demonstrates, contrary to previous publications, that dolphins exhale NO . Given the high standard deviations present in exhaled breath NO values, future studies are needed to further standardize collection methods or identify more reliable samples ( e.g ., blood).
Ti Deoxidation Equilibrium in Molten Fe–Ni Alloys at Temperatures between 1823 to 1923 K (2009)

Equilibrium relation between Ti and O in molten Fe–Ni alloy has been investigated at 1873 to 1923 K. Ti oxide equilibrated with molten Fe–Ni alloy has been determined by EBSD (Electron Backscatter Diffraction) pattern analysis using FE-SEM (Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope). The present results have been numerically analyzed by the excess Gibbs free energy change of mixing for the Fe–Ni–Ti–O system with Redlich–Kister type polynomial. Redlich–Kister type polynomial parameters concerning Ni and Ti were determined as follows,0ΩNi–Ti = 424280−270.40T J/mol (XTi<0.003, 1823 K≤T≤1923 K),1ΩNi–Ti = −663380+313.15T J/mol (XTi<0.003, 1823 K≤T≤1923 K).
Detection of hepatitis B surface antigen by a monoclonal radioimmunoassay in the serum of alcoholic patients (1988)

Abstract The presence of HBV infection has been retrospectively assessed using monoclonal radioimmunoassay (M‐RIA) in the sera of 269 alcoholics. There were three subjects with normal liver, 92 had steatosis, 32 had fibrosis, 15 had acute alcoholic steatosis and 127 had cirrhosis. The HBsAg M‐RIA was performed by the sandwich method using high affinity IgG and IgM monoclonal antibodies. The M‐RIA was more sensitive for detection of HBV when compared with conventional RIA, the former detecting 15 out of 269, the latter detecting five out of 269 (5.6% and 1.9% respectively; P = 0.02). Among the 264 patients negative for conventional RIA, the prevalence of a positive M‐RIA test was no different between patients who lacked HBV related antibodies (seven out of 196; 3.6%) compared with patients with at least one antibody (three out of 68; 4.4%). The prevalence of HBsAg detected by M‐RIA was higher in alcoholic patients with cirrhosis (9.4%) compared with patients without cirrhosis (2.1%; P &lt; 0.01). These results suggest that all alcoholic patients could have a low production, or an abnormal expression, of HBV or could be infected by an hepatitis B variant virus. HBV or an hepatitis B variant virus could have in some cases a causative role in the pathogenesis of cirrhosis.
Large-Area SiC-UV Photodiode for Spectroscopy Portable System (2019)

In this paper, we present the extensive characterization of large-area silicon carbide-based UV sensors candidate for outdoors spectroscopic applications of gas or liquid. The proposed SiC Schottky devices exhibit a dark current density of 0.12 nA/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> at 15 V, a 0.12-A/W responsivity at 300 nm, optimal visible blindness, and a switching time of ~190 ns. Effects of temperature on the sensor performance, of crucial interest for outdoors applications, are also examined in the range from -20 °C to 90 °C.
Determination of secondary electron yield from insulators due to a low-kV electron beam (1998)

A technique for the accurate determination of secondary electron (SE) yield of insulators due to low-kV electron beam is presented. It is based on a capacitatively coupled charge measurement by subjecting the insulating film to a controlled pulsed electron beam in a scanning electron microscope. SE emissions from several insulating materials employed in integrated circuit manufacturing including wet and sputtered silicon dioxide (SiO2), polyimide, and AZ1350J photoresist, have been investigated for a range of primary energies between 0.5 and 2.5 keV. Comparisons are made between experimental data for SiO2 and polyimide with previous results. The dependence of SE emission on incidence angle and topography for SiO2 was investigated. Experimental results indicate that the dependence of SE emission on surface tilt for SiO2 is in good agreement with the power law for tilt angles below 70°, while emission saturation is observed at higher tilt angles. The SE yield from sputtered oxide was found to be higher than that of wet oxide, which is related to differences in topography between the two materials.
Adverse effects of topical corticosteroids in paediatric eczema: Australasian consensus statement (2015)

Atopic eczema is a chronic inflammatory disease affecting about 30% of Australian and New Zealand children. Severe eczema costs over AUD 6000/year per child in direct medical, hospital and treatment costs as well as time off work for caregivers and untold distress for the family unit. In addition, it has a negative impact on a child's sleep, education, development and self-esteem. The treatment of atopic eczema is complex and multifaceted but a core component of therapy is to manage the inflammation with topical corticosteroids (TCS). Despite this, TCS are often underutilised by many parents due to corticosteroid phobia and unfounded concerns about their adverse effects. This has led to extended and unnecessary exacerbations of eczema for children. Contrary to popular perceptions, (TCS) use in paediatric eczema does not cause atrophy, hypopigmentation, hypertrichosis, osteoporosis, purpura or telangiectasia when used appropriately as per guidelines. In rare cases, prolonged and excessive use of potent TCS has contributed to striae, short-term hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis alteration and ophthalmological disease. TCS use can also exacerbate periorificial rosacea. TCS are very effective treatments for eczema. When they are used to treat active eczema and stopped once the active inflammation has resolved, adverse effects are minimal. TCS should be the cornerstone treatment of atopic eczema in children.
Identification of candidates for driver oncogenes in scirrhous‐type gastric cancer cell lines (2019)

Abstract Scirrhous‐type gastric cancer ( SGC ) is one of the most intractable cancer subtypes in humans, and its therapeutic targets have been rarely identified to date. Exploration of somatic mutations in the SGC genome with the next‐generation sequencers has been hampered by markedly increased fibrous tissues. Thus, SGC cell lines may be useful resources for searching for novel oncogenes. Here we have conducted whole exome sequencing and RNA sequencing on 2 SGC cell lines, OCUM ‐8 and OCUM ‐9. Interestingly, most of the mutations thus identified have not been reported. In OCUM ‐8 cells, a novel CD 44‐ IGF 1R fusion gene is discovered, the protein product of which ligates the amino‐terminus of CD 44 to the transmembrane and tyrosine‐kinase domains of IGF 1R. Furthermore, both CD 44 and IGF 1R are markedly amplified in the OCUM ‐8 genome and abundantly expressed. CD 44‐ IGF 1R has a transforming ability, and the suppression of its kinase activity leads to rapid cell death of OCUM ‐8. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report describing the transforming activity of IGF 1R fusion genes. However, OCUM ‐9 seems to possess multiple oncogenic events in its genome. In particular, a novel BORCS 5‐ ETV 6 fusion gene is identified in the OCUM ‐9 genome. BORCS 5‐ ETV 6 possesses oncogenic activity, and suppression of its message partially inhibits cell growth. Prevalence of these novel fusion genes among SGC awaits further investigation, but we validate the significance of cell lines as appropriate reagents for detailed genomic analyses of SGC .
Comparison of Base Specificity and Other Enzymatic Properties of Two Protozoan Ribonucleases fromPhysarum polycephalumandDictyostelium discoideum (1999)

Base specificity and other enzymatic properties of two protozoan RNases, RNase Phyb from a true slime mold (Physarum polycephalum) and RNase DdI from a cellular slime mold (Dictyostelium discoideum), were compared. These two RNases have high amino acid sequence similarity (83 amino acid residues, 46%). The base specificities of two base recognition sites, The B1 site (base recognition site for the base at 5'-side of scissile phosphodiester bond) and the B2 site (base recognition site for the base at 3'-side of the scissile bond) of the both enzymes were estimated by the rates of hydrolysis of 16 dinucleoside phosphates. The base specificities estimated of B1 and B2 sites of RNase Phyb and RNase DdI were A, G, U > C and A > or = G > C > U, and A > or = G, U > C and G > U > A, C, respectively. The base specificities estimated from the depolymerization of homopolynucleotides and those from the releases of four mononucleotides upon digestion of RNA coincided well with those of the B2 sites of both enzymes. Thus, in these enzymes, the contribution of the B2 site to base specificity seems to be larger than that of the B1 site. pH-stability, optimum temperature, and temperature stability, of both enzymes are discussed considering that RNase Phyb has one disulfide bridge deleted, compared to the RNase DdI with four disulfide bridges.
[Study of Shugan Yiyang capsule on erectile dysfunction]. (2005)

SGYY capsule can remarkably improve the erectile activity, sexual desire and ejaculatory activity. The mechanism of SGYY capsule may be related to the increase of androgen and adrenocorticohormone levels. as well as the reduction of penile venous outflow. [Key words] shuganyiyang capsule; er
The roles of IL-5 and anti-IL-5 treatment in eosinophilic diseases: Asthma, eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis, and eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis (2020)

IL-5 is the most potent activator of eosinophils and is produced by Th2 cells and ILC2s. A role for IL-5 in eosinophil extracellular trap cell death, i.e., a proinflammatory cell death, has also been reported. Mepolizumab and benralizumab are humanized mAbs that target IL-5 and the IL-5 receptor α, respectively, and their therapeutic efficacy for severe asthma has been established. Although consistent differences in the efficacies of those drugs have not been proven, benralizumab extensively depleted eosinophils via Ab-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity. Blood eosinophil count, but not FeNO or IgE, is the best-established predictive biomarker of the efficacy of anti-IL-5 treatment. Regarding the choice of biologics, the balance between blood eosinophil count and FeNO, indication of comorbidities, longitudinal safety, and interval of injection should be considered. Mepolizumab was also effective in maintaining the remission of refractory eosinophilic granulomatous polyangiitis. Moreover, mepolizumab decreased the proportion of patients who required surgery and lowered the nasal polyp score in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps; a further extensive trial is currently under way. In a phase II benralizumab study performed in Japan, no significant effect on nasal polyp score at week 12 was observed, suggesting a requirement for longer treatment. In this review, the role of IL-5 in eosinophil biology and the current status of anti-IL-5 therapy are discussed. The longitudinal safety of anti-IL-5 therapy has been increasingly established, and this strategy will be continuously indicated for eosinophilic diseases as a specific treatment for eosinophilic inflammation.
Speech and language profiles in 4- to 6-year-old children with early diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder without intellectual disability (2018)

The findings underscore the importance of considering speech/language disorders in children with ASD without ID, since they usually attend mainstream classes but need specific educational adaptations.
[The morphofunctional characteristics of the myocardium in acute cerebral ischemia]. (1994)

Morphofunctional condition of the myocardium was studied post-mortally in 15 patients with hemispheric ischemic accident and 56 rats with hemispheric brain ischemia. Light and electron microscopy data evidence that morphological changes in the myocardium start on the ischemia hour 1 and involve structures of the cells, including mitochondria contractile apparatus, transport system and cell membranes.
Label-free detection of cytokines (2007)

Interleukin-2 (IL2) is a cytokine that regulates T-cell growth and is used in cancer therapies. By sensitizing the microcavity sensor surface with anti-IL2 and monitoring the resonant frequency, IL2 can be detected at therapeutic levels.
Comparison of Quantitative HCV RNA Assays in Chronic Hepatitis C (1997)

We compared the relative sensitivities of first-and-second generation branched nucleotide assays (Quantiplex HCV RNA 1.0 and 2.0, respectively, Chiron, Emeryville, Calif) for the detection of hepatitis C virus (HCV) RNA to that of a commercially available quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) method (Monitor, Roche Molecular Systems, Nutley, NJ) in 53 patients with chronic hepatitis C. The sensitivities of the second-generation branched DNA (bDNA) and RT-PCR assays were similar (91% and 92%, respectively), and both were significantly more sensitive (P < .001) than the first-generation method. Moreover, both assays detected HCV RNA in all 11 patients with type 2a, 2b, or 3a genotypes vs 45% with the HCV RNA 1.0 bDNA assay. We examined 174 serum samples by the bDNA 2.0 and RT-PCR assays. Major quantification differences were noted on a given specimen with the RT-PCR method reporting values an average 41-fold lower (range, 0-703-fold) than those obtained with the bDNA assay. We conclude that both methods can be used to detect HCV RNA in patients who are infected with the genotypes that are most commonly encountered in the United States. The HCV RNA 2.0 bDNA assay may offer advantages when attempting to quantify high-level viremia.