gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Electron Microscopy of Probability Currents at Atomic Resolution (2015)

Atomic resolution transmission electron microscopy records the spatially resolved scattered electron density to infer positions, density, and species of atoms. These data are indispensable for studying the relation between structure and properties in solids. Here, we show how this signal can be augmented by the lateral probability current of the scattered electrons in the object plane at similar resolutions and fields of view. The currents are reconstructed from a series of three atomic resolution TEM images recorded under a slight difference of perpendicular line foci. The technique does not rely on the coherence of the electron beam and can be used to reveal electric, magnetic, and strain fields with incoherent electron beams as well as correlations in inelastic transitions, such as electron magnetic chiral dichroism.
Development of a Prototype System for Multi Modal Life-log Media Search (2008)

Life-logs can help users to store and search for information related to their everyday lives that could otherwise easily be lost. To this end, a wearable sensing technology can be used to collect all the various forms of information that can emerge during the course of an individual’s everyday life. However, the standards for the metadata used to integrate the information input from various sensors in existing sensing technologies have yet to be determined. In addition, as far as the search for large amounts of data is concerned, existing technologies do not have effective search systems that make use of queries requiring highly-advanced functions such as position information. In this study, the metadata standards for lifelog media search were defined. Moreover, a prototypical system with which to search for large amounts of life-log data, including spatial-temporal information, was developed using existing systems.
Family nurture intervention (FNI): methods and treatment protocol of a randomized controlled trial in the NICU (2012)

ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT01439269.
Postembryonic ablation of AgRP neurons in mice leads to a lean, hypophagic phenotype (2005)

Agouti-related protein (AgRP) and neuropeptide Y (NPY) are colocalized in arcuate nucleus (arcuate) neurons implicated in the regulation of energy balance. Both AgRP and NPY stimulate food intake when administered into the third ventricle and are up-regulated in states of negative energy balance. However, mice with targeted deletion of either NPY or AgRP or both do not have major alterations in energy homeostasis. Using bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) transgenesis we have targeted expression of a neurotoxic CAG expanded form of ataxin-3 to AgRP-expressing neurons in the arcuate. This resulted in a 47% loss of AgRP neurons by 16 weeks of age, a significantly reduced body weight, (wild-type mice (WT) 34.7+/-0.7 g vs. transgenic mice (Tg) 28.6+/-0.6 g, P<0.001), and reduced food intake (WT 5.0+/-0.2 vs. Tg 3.6+/-0.1 g per day, P<0.001). Transgenic mice had significantly reduced total body fat, plasma insulin, and increased brown adipose tissue UCP1 expression. Transgenic mice failed to respond to peripherally administered ghrelin but retained sensitivity to PYY 3-36. These data suggest that postembryonic partial loss of AgRP/NPY neurons leads to a lean, hypophagic phenotype.
Auditory-visual speech perception: What isolated articulators contribute (2007)

The present study investigated the effects of viewing specific articulators on auditory-visual speech perception. We used a jaw-only, lips-only, jaw+lips, and full face visual stimulus paired with clear versus degraded auditory stimuli in an expanded factorial design. The unimodal and bimodal speech syllables were identified as one of five possible response alternatives (/ba/, /da/, /tha/, /bda/ or /bga/). The results indicate that both visual and auditory sources of information influenced syllable identification under the lips alone, lips+jaw alone, and whole face conditions. Performance was better described by the fuzzy logical model of perception than by an auditory dominance model or a weighted-averaging model. Overall, the results are consistent with the idea that although there may be differences in the information provided (which reflect the amount of information each articulator contributes to perception), the way in which the speech information is processed remains invariant. Work funded for the research was provided by a National Institute of Health Training in Speech and Hearing Sciences grant to the University of Washington’s Speech and Hearing Sciences Department and by a National Science Foundation Science of Learning Center grant to the University of Washington’s LIFE Center.
Linear Scaling of Reset Current Down to 22-nm Node for a Novel $\hbox{Cu}_{x}\hbox{Si}_{y}\hbox{O}$ RRAM (2011)

The relationship between low resistance ( <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">R</i> <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">on</sub> ) and cell size (from 40 nm to 100 μm) is systematically investigated using a 1-Mb Cu <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">x</i> Si <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">y</i> O resistive RAM (RRAM) array. To our knowledge, this is the first study to attempt such an endeavor. Spacer pattern technology is employed to obtain a small cell size on the basis of a 0.13-μm standard logic process. <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">R</i> <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">on</sub> exhibits minimal change at 100 μm to 90 nm of RRAM size. However, it quadratically increases at 90 to 40 nm. The reset current, which is highly dependent on <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">R</i> <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">on</sub> , is linearly reduced fivefold in accordance with cell size, thereby improving overall power reduction and cell size scaling. The <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">R</i> <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">on</sub> dependence on cell size can be well explained by the dendritelike conductive filament model.
Dynamic Dielectric Analysis for Nondestructive Cure Monitoring and Process Control (1989)

A rapid, convenient and accurate experimental technique has been devel oped for evaluating continuously, in-situ and on-line, the cure process of thermoset resins. The technique is based on the development of a small inert sensor which is used to make continuous, uninterrupted measurements of the frequency dependence of the resin's im pedance in the Hz to 10 MHz region throughout the entire cure process. This technique is used to monitor the viscosity and the rate of cure of unsaturated polyester and epoxy resins both in a laboratory and a production environment. In particular, the effect of resin thickness and initiator concentration are discussed.
Shift-invariant, DWT-based "projection" method for estimation of ultrasound pulse power spectrum (2002)

An approach to computing estimates of the ultrasound pulse spectrum from echo-ultrasound RF sequences, measured from biological tissues, is proposed. It is computed by a "projection" algorithm based on the Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) using averaging over a range of linear shifts. It is shown that the robust, shift invariant estimate of the ultrasound pulse power spectrum can be obtained by the projection of RF line log spectrum on an appropriately chosen subspace of L2(R) (i.e., the space of square-integrable functions) that is spanned by a redundant collection of compactly supported, scaling functions. This redundant set is formed from the traditional (in Wavelet analysis) orthogonal set of scaling functions and also by all its linear (discrete) shifts. A proof is given that the estimate, so obtained, could be viewed as the average of the orthogonal projections of the RF line log spectrum, computed for all significant linear shifts of the RF line log spectrum in frequency domain. It implies that the estimate is shift-invariant. A computationally efficient scheme is presented for calculating the estimate. Proof is given that the averaged, shift-invariant estimate can be obtained simply by a convolution with a kernel, which can be viewed as the discretized auto-correlation function of the scaling function, appropriate to the particular subspace being considered. It implies that the computational burden is at most O(n log2 n), where n is the problem size, making the estimate quite suitable for real-time processing. Because of the property of the wavelet transform to suppress polynomials of orders lower than the number of the vanishing moments of the wavelet used, the presented approach can be considered as a local polynomial fitting. This locality plays a crucial role in the performance of the algorithm, improving the robustness of the estimation. Moreover, it is shown that the "averaging" nature of the proposed estimation allows using (relatively) poorly regular wavelets (i.e., short filters), without affecting the estimation quality. The latter is of importance whenever the number of calculations is crucial.
Quantitative yeast-yeast two hybrid for discovery and binding affinity estimation of protein-protein interactions (2020)

Abstract Quantifying the binding affinity of protein-protein interactions is important for elucidating connections within biochemical signaling pathways, as well as characterization of binding proteins isolated from combinatorial libraries. We describe a quantitative yeast-yeast two hybrid (qYY2H) system that not only enables discovery of specific protein-protein interactions, but also efficient, quantitative estimation of their binding affinities ( K D ). In qYY2H, the bait and prey proteins are expressed as yeast cell surface fusions using yeast surface display. We developed a semi-empirical framework for estimating the K D of monovalent bait-prey interactions, using measurements of the apparent K D of yeast-yeast binding, which is mediated by multivalent interactions between yeast-displayed bait and prey. Using qYY2H, we identified interaction partners of SMAD3 and the tandem WW domains of YAP from a cDNA library and characterized their binding affinities. Finally, we showed that qYY2H could also quantitatively evaluate binding interactions mediated by post-translational modifications on the bait protein.
Fast and exact simultaneous gate and wire sizing by Lagrangian relaxation (1999)

This paper considers simultaneous gate and wire sizing for general very large scale integrated (VLSI) circuits under the Elmore delay model. We present a fast and exact algorithm which can minimize total area subject to maximum delay bound. The algorithm can be easily modified to give exact algorithms for optimizing several other objectives (e.g., minimizing maximum delay or minimizing total area subject to arrival time specifications at all inputs and outputs). No previous algorithm for simultaneous gate and wire sizing can guarantee exact solutions for general circuits. Our algorithm is an iterative one with a guarantee on convergence to global optimal solutions. It is based on Lagrangian relaxation and "one-gate/wire-at-a-time" greedy optimizations, and is extremely economical and fast. For example, we can optimize a circuit with 27648 gates and wires in 11.53 min using under 23 Mbytes memory on a PC with a 333-MHz Pentium II processor.
Ion-beam doping of GaAs with low-energy (100 eV) C+ using combined ion-beam and molecular-beam epitaxy (1995)

A combined ion-beam and molecular-beam-epitaxy (CIBMBE) system has been developed. This system consists of an ion implanter capable of producing ions in the energy range of 30 eV–30 keV and conventional solid-source MBE. As a successful application of CIBMBE, low-energy (100 eV) carbon ion (C+) irradiation during MBE growth of GaAs was carried out at substrate temperatures Tg between 500 and 590 °C. C+-doped layers were characterized by low-temperature (2 K) photoluminescence (PL), Raman scattering, and van der Pauw measurements. PL spectra of undoped GaAs grown by CIBMBE revealed that unintentional impurity incorporation into the epilayer is extremely small and precise doping effects are observable. CAs acceptor-related emissions such as ‘‘g,’’ [g-g], and [g-g]β are observed and their spectra are significantly changed with increasing C+ beam current density Ic. PL measurements showed that C atoms were efficiently incorporated during MBE growth by CIBMBE and were optically well activated as an acceptor in the as-grown condition even for Tg as low as 500 °C. Raman measurement showed negligible lattice damage of the epilayer bombarded with 100 eV C+ with no subsequent heat treatment. These results indicate that contamination- and damage-free impurity doping without postgrowth annealing can be achieved by the CIBMBE method.
The incorporation of extracellular matrix proteins in protein polymer hydrogels to improve encapsulated beta-cell function. (2013)

Biomaterial encapsulation of islets has been proposed to improve the long-term success of islet transplantation by recreating a suitable microenvironment and enhancing cell-matrix interactions that affect cellular function. Protein polymer hydrogels previously showed promise as a biocompatible scaffold by maintaining high cell viability. Here, enzymatically-crosslinked protein polymers were used to investigate the effects of varying scaffold properties and of introducing ECM proteins on the viability and function of encapsulated MIN6 β-cells. Chemical and mechanical properties of the hydrogel were modified by altering the protein concentrations while collagen IV, fibronectin, and laminin were incorporated to reestablish cell-matrix interactions lost during cell isolation. Rheology indicated all hydrogels formed quickly, resulting in robust, elastic hydrogels with Young's moduli similar to soft tissue. All hydrogels tested supported both high MIN6 β-cell viability and function and have the potential to serve as an encapsulation platform for islet cell delivery in vivo.
MicroRNA and Gut Microbiota: Tiny but Mighty—Novel Insights into Their Cross-talk in Inflammatory Bowel Disease Pathogenesis and Therapeutics (2021)

MicroRNAs [miRNAs], small non-coding RNAs, have recently been described as crucial contributors to intestinal homeostasis. They can interact with the gut microbiota in a reciprocal manner and deeply affect host health status, leading to several disorders when unbalanced. Inflammatory bowel disease [IBD] is a chronic inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract that co-occurs with alterations of the gut microbiota, and whose aetiology remains largely unclear. On one hand, host miRNA could be playing a relevant role in IBD pathophysiology by shaping the gut microbiota. The gut microbiome, on the other hand, may regulate the expression of host miRNAs, resulting in intestinal epithelial dysfunction, altered autophagy, and immune hyperactivation. Interestingly, it has been hypothesised that their reciprocal impact may be used for therapeutic goals. This review describes the latest research and suggests mechanisms through which miRNA and intestinal microbiota, as joint actors, may participate specifically in IBD pathophysiology. Furthermore, we discuss the diagnostic power and therapeutic potential resulting from their bidirectional communication after faecal transplantation, probiotics intake, or anti-miRNAs or miRNA mimics administration. The current literature is summarised in the present work in a comprehensive manner, hoping to provide a better understanding of the miRNA-microbiota cross-talk and to facilitate their application in IBD.
Small molecule strategies to harness the unfolded protein response: where do we go from here? (2020)

The unfolded protein response (UPR) plays a central role in regulating endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and global cellular physiology in response to pathologic ER stress. The UPR is comprised of three signaling pathways activated downstream of the ER membrane proteins IRE1, ATF6, and PERK. Once activated, these proteins initiate transcriptional and translational signaling that functions to alleviate ER stress, adapt cellular physiology, and dictate cell fate. Imbalances in UPR signaling are implicated in the pathogenesis of numerous, etiologically-diverse diseases, including many neurodegenerative diseases, protein misfolding diseases, diabetes, ischemic disorders, and cancer. This has led to significant interest in establishing pharmacologic strategies to selectively modulate IRE1, ATF6, or PERK signaling to both ameliorate pathologic imbalances in UPR signaling implicated in these different diseases and define the importance of the UPR in diverse cellular and organismal contexts. Recently, there has been significant progress in the identification and characterization of UPR modulating compounds, providing new opportunities to probe the pathologic and potentially therapeutic implications of UPR signaling in human disease. Here, we describe currently available UPR modulating compounds, specifically highlighting the strategies used for their discovery and specific advantages and disadvantages in their application for probing UPR function. Furthermore, we discuss lessons learned from the application of these compounds in cellular and <i>in vivo</i> models to identify favorable compound properties that can help drive the further translational development of selective UPR modulators for human disease.
Cold end acid condensation in tubular air preheaters (1995)

At many coal- and oil-fired installations with tubular air preheaters (APH), the APH metal temperatures in the cold end are low enough to cause sulfuric acid to condense. This leads to problems with corrosion and plugging and can represent a significant maintenance and operating cost factor. The rate and extent of acid condensation depend on boiler and air preheater operating conditions, varying with unit load, boiler O{sub 2}, level and air inlet temperature to the APH. Unit design and fuel quality are other significant factors. This paper describes the results of an analysis of the metal temperature variations and acid condensation rates in a double gas pass air preheater. The effect of operator controllable parameters on the APH will be described.
Monters: Dark Continent - A Bloody Tentacled Mess (2014)

Taking a marked turn from Gareth Edward’s survival film Monsters, Monsters: Dark Continentfeels like Pacific Rim smashed into Hurt Locker with all the best bits taken out, ending up as a gritty
A Benchmark of Four Methods for Generating 360° Saliency Maps from Eye Tracking Data (2018)

Modeling and visualization of user attention in Virtual Reality is important for many applications, such as gaze prediction, robotics, retargeting, video compression, and rendering. Several methods have been proposed to model eye tracking data as saliency maps. We benchmark the performance of four such methods for 360° images. We provide a comprehensive analysis and implementations of these methods to assist researchers and practitioners. Finally, we make recommendations based on our benchmark analyses and the ease of implementation.
<title>Software architecture to facilitate automated message recording and context annotation</title> (2000)

The complexities of product engineering frequently require teams of agents, both human and digital, working together to take a product through its life-cycle. Increasingly, manufacturers, designers and project planners belong to different design teams, in different corporate organizations in a supply network, separated by large geographic distances. This paper describes the software architecture of the Collaborative Design Studio environment we are developing to support Networked Engineering. We provide the framework enabling communications exchanged during design and manufacturing activities to be annotated with design context information and archived for future reference. We present an XML-based message model to encapsulate relationships between design context and designers' communications. As a proof-of-concept, are creating a Networked Engineering Environment with integrated email, instant messaging, collaborative work, text-editing and CAD/CAM packages.
Synthesis, protonation sequence, and NMR studies of polyazamacrocyclic methylenephosphonates (1989)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis, protonation sequence, and NMR studies of polyazamacrocyclic methylenephosphonatesC. F. G. C. Geraldes, A. D. Sherry, and W. P. CacherisCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1989, 28, 17, 3336–3341Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1989Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1989https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic00316a018https://doi.org/10.1021/ic00316a018research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views375Altmetric-Citations73LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A Rapid Method for Determining Urinary Indoleacetic Acid Concentration and Its Clinical Significance as the Tumor-Marker in the Diagnosis of Malignant Diseases (1983)

A rapid method for determining urinary indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) is introduced as the tumor-marker for the screening and diagnostic purpose of cancer patients by means of high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Its clinical significance is discussed along with a review of literatures. The IAA concentration and creatinine level of optionally collected urine samples were measured and used for the calculation of IAA amount per unit creatinine (microgram IAA/mg creatinine) in urine. Thus, an amount of 24-hours urinary IAA could be calculated without collecting a whole day's urine supply. Analysis of urinary IAA was performed within 10 minutes by HPLC. Urinary IAA level is usually high in the patients with the upper G-I tract cancers such as gastric cancer, esophageal cancer and hepato-biliary tract cancer, and also malignant hematopoietic disorders. But it is also high in non-cancer patients such as liver cirrhosis, diabetes mellitus and cholelithiasis occasionally. The patients with high urinary IAA level also showed high urinary levels of 5-hydroxy indoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) and monoamine oxidase activity (MAO). It was characteristic that hepatocellular carcinoma showed slight elevation of urinary IAA with normal levels of 5-HIAA and MAO. It is conclusive that the positive rate of elevated urinary IAA level was high in the patients with gastric cancer with ulcer-forming type in its morphological classification, and its level tends to elevate as the disease progresses. Therefore, the measurement of urinary IAA level in an optionally collected urine sample, as the tumor-marker, can be useful to check the progression and regression of gastric cancer.