gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Climate regionalization and rotation of principal components (1991)

Abstract Climate regionalization studies have made intensive use of eigenvector analysis in recent literature. This analysis provides a motivation for examination of the efficacy and validity of variations of principal component analysis (PCA) for such tasks as an eigenvector‐based regionalization. Specifically, this study applies the results of an earlier statistical comparison of rotational schemes to monthly Pennsylvanian precipitation data (1958–1978) to analyse differences among the various solutions. Unrotated, orthogonally rotated, and obliquely rotated solutions (eight in total) are compared in order to assess the model and locational consistency among and within these solutions. Model correspondence and consistency are measured by a congruence coefficient used to match (i) the principal components (PC) of the total domain for the selected benchmark pattern with PCs from the total domains of the remaining seven solutions, and (ii) each PC of the total domain with PCs of 25 randomly selected subdomain pairs (a set of 10 and 11 years of data). Locational or geographical consistency among the PC patterns is determined by quantifying the changes in area and area boundary defined by a threshold loading. The results from the Pennsylvanian data indicated that substantial differences in regionalization arose solely from the choice of a particular rotation algorithm, or lack thereof. Oblique rotations were generally found to be the most stable, whereas the orthogonally rotated and unrotated solutions were less stable. The quantitative areal differences among rotation schemes and the unrotated solution illustrate the inherent danger in blindly applying any given solution if physical interpretation of the regionalization is important. The quantitative areal and boundary differences may particularly influence PCA over global spatial domains.
Properties of aerosol in the North Atlantic free troposphere at the Pico Mountain Observatory (2013)

4th Atmospheric System Research (ASR), Science Team Meeting. Potomac, Maryland, March 18-21, 2013.
Spectral pulse shaping of a 5  Hz, multi-joule, broadband optical parametric chirped pulse amplification frontend for a 10  PW laser system (2018)

We present a broadband optical parametric chirped pulse amplification (OPCPA) system delivering 4 J pulses at a repetition rate of 5 Hz. It will serve as a frontend for the 1.5 kJ, <150 fs, 10 PW laser beamline currently under development by a consortium of National Energetics and Ekspla. The spectrum of the OPCPA system is precisely controlled by arbitrarily generated waveforms of the pump lasers. To fully exploit the high flexibility of the frontend, we have developed a 1D model of the system and an optimization algorithm that predicts suitable pump waveform settings for a desired output spectrum. The OPCPA system is shown to have high efficiency, a high-quality top-hat beam profile, and an output spectrum demonstrated to be shaped consistently with the theoretical model.
On the Binding of Calcium by Micelles Composed of Carboxy-Modified Pluronics Measured by Means of Differential Potentiometric Titration and Modeled with a Self-Consistent-Field Theory (2006)

We perform differential potentiometric titration measurements for the binding of Ca2+ ions to micelles composed of the carboxylic acid end-standing Pluronic P85 block copolymer (i.e., CAE-85 (COOH-(EO)26-(PO)39-(EO)26-COOH)). Two different ion-selective electrodes (ISEs) are used to detect the free calcium concentration; the first ISE is an indicator electrode, and the second is a reference electrode. The titration is done by adding the block copolymers to a known solution of Ca2+ at neutral pH and high enough temperature (above the critical micellization temperature CMT) and various amount of added monovalent salt. By measuring the difference in the electromotive force between the two ISEs, the amount of Ca2+ that is bound by the micelles is calculated. This is then used to determine the binding constant of Ca2+ with the micelles, which is a missing parameter needed to perform molecular realistic self-consistent-field (SCF) calculations. It turns out that the micelles from block copolymer CAE-85 bind Ca2+ ions both electrostatically and specifically. The specific binding between Ca2+ and carboxylic groups in the corona of the micelles is modeled through the reaction equilibrium -COOCa+ <==> -COO- + Ca2+ with pKCa = 1.7 +/- 0.06.
Notes. Crystal structure and electrical conduction properties of Rb[Pt{S2C2(CN)2}2]·2H2O. The precursor of a one-dimensional metal (1984)

The preparation, crystal structure, and electrical conduction properties of Rb[Pt{S2C2(CN)2}2]·2H2O are described. The planar anions are arranged in a dimeric eclipsed configuration to form a columnar stacked structure. The room-temperature conductivity in the platinum atom chain direction is 2.5 ×10–5Ω–1 cm–1 and the compound behaves as a semiconductor.
Measurement of space charge effects in the MicroBooNE LArTPC using cosmic muons (2020)

Large liquid argon time projection chambers (LArTPCs), especially those operating near the surface, are susceptible to space charge effects. In the context of LArTPCs, the space charge effect is the build-up of slow-moving positive ions in the detector primarily due to ionization from cosmic rays, leading to a distortion of the electric field within the detector. This effect leads to a displacement in the reconstructed position of signal ionization electrons in LArTPC detectors (“spatial distortions”), as well as to variations in the amount of electron-ion recombination experienced by ionization throughout the volume of the TPC. We present techniques that can be used to measure and correct for space charge effects in large LArTPCs by making use of cosmic muons, including the use of track pairs to unambiguously pin down spatial distortions in three dimensions. The performance of these calibration techniques are studied using both Monte Carlo simulation and MicroBooNE data, utilizing a UV laser system as a means to estimate the systematic bias associated with the calibration methodology.
Mixing Grease with Water (2015)

The purpose of this paper is to convey a simple and effective method to mix water with grease and verify the homogeneity of the mixture using Karl-Fischer (KF) titration as the analysis tool. This is required to better develop a future water in grease sensor for on-line condition monitoring. This paper will also attempt to investigate how well KF titration functions as a tool for measuring water content in grease. Additional investigations include how the water content varies with time in grease samples open to atmosphere at different temperature. This research verifies a simple grease mixing method and investigates the water transport in water contaminated grease samples.
Relative Pose Estimation for Instrumented, Calibrated Imaging Platforms (2003)

Abstract. Recent efforts in robust estimation of the two-view relation have focused on uncalibrated cameras with no prior knowledge of pose. However, in practice robotic vehicles that perform image-based navigation and mapping typically do carry a calibrated camera and pose sensors; this additional knowledge is currently not being exploited. This paper presents three contributions in using vision with instrumented and calibrated platforms. First, we improve the performace of the correspondence stage by using uncertain measurements from egomotion sensors to constrain possible matches. Second, we assume wide-baseline conditions and propose Zernike moments to describe affine invariant features. Third, we robustly estimate the essential matrix with a new 6-point algorithm. Our solution is simpler than the minimal 5-point one and, unlike the linear 6-point solution, does not fail on planar scenes. While the contributions are general, we present structure and motion results from an underwater robotic survey. 1
Periodically poled silica fibre: an emerging nonlinear medium for optical frequency conversion (1999)

Record second-harmonic efficiencies exceeding 20% and parametric fluorescence have been demonstrated in periodically poled silica fibres (PPSF).The achieved performances set PPSF as a highly competitive material with respect to some of the more traditional nonlinear crystal waveguides.We will review some current material and device research in the field, highlighting the potential applications in several areas such as frequency conversion of high power fibre lasers, optical telecommunication, and quantum technology.
Adjuvant Chemotherapy for Small Bowel Adenocarcinoma after Curative Surgery (2011)

Lymph node involvement is a predictor of poor prognosis in patients with SBA who undergo curative surgery.
Utilization of Sweet Sorghum for Ethanol Production- A Review (2011)

Sweet sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) is an annual C4 plant of tropical origin and is a potential renewable energy crop for ethanol production. This high carbohydrate producer crop can be cultivated on marginal lands, has low input requirements and is adapted to nearly all temperate climates. Because of its readily available fermentable sugars, sweet sorghum has been identified as one of the most promising biomass crop for fermentation into fuel ethanol. This paper includes a comprehensive review of unique properties of sweet sorghum as a crop, different approaches to converting stem juice into ethanol, fermentation techniques, and technical challenges of using sweet sorghum for biofuels. The application of these techniques and the expected advancements in this field are discussed. Economics of sweet sorghum compared to other biofuel feedstocks is also covered. This review will bolster efforts aimed at using sweet sorghum as a renewable energy crop for the ethanol industry.
Recognizing Excellence in the Commercialization of New Electrochemical Technology: The IE&EE Division Net Award (2010)

One of the objectives of The Electrochemical Society is to encourage research and dissemination of knowledge in the theory and practice of electrochemistry, solid-state science, and allied subjects. The Society has employed various awards as tools to recognize outstanding achievements in these fields. ECS awards range from Society awards (16) to Division awards (21) to Section Awards (11) and to Student Awards (13). Almost all of these awards bestow the honor on an individual. Only one ECS award meets the need to recognize the team excellence necessary to deliver practical new electrochemical technology to the public at large—the ECS Industrial Electrochemistry & Electrochemical Engineering (IE&EE) Division's New Electrochemical Technology (NET) Award. Established in 1998 to recognize significant advances in industrial electrochemistry, the NET Award was endowed by the Dow Chemical Company Foundation. A history of the past awards and awardees is given.
Synthesis and properties of S,S-diaryl nucleoside phosphorodithioates in oligonucleotide synthesis (1979)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis and properties of S,S-diaryl nucleoside phosphorodithioates in oligonucleotide synthesisMitsuo Sekine, Ken Hamaoki, and Tsujiaki HataCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1979, 44, 13, 2325–2326Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1979Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1979https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01327a077https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01327a077research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views140Altmetric-Citations35LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Télomères et cotéloméres d'intérêt biologique et biomédical, 7. Synthèse, évaluations physico‐chimiques et biologiques de télomères amphiphiles de type acryloylamino‐acide (1995)

Abstract New ionic telomeric surfactants derived from acryloylamino acids were synthesized and their tensioactive properties compared to those of non‐ionic analogs previously reported. We also compared their anti HIV behavior with that of other polymeric polyanionic derivatives. Acryloyl monomers of various amino acids such as glycine, alanine, aspartic, glutamic and γ‐aminobutyric acid were prepared and telomerized in the presence of various alkanes or perfluoroalkanethiols as chain transfer reagents. For a given amino acid, the critical micellar concentration (CMC) was shown to depend upon the nature and the length of the hydrophobic tail and not the size of the hydrophilic head, i.e., the number average degree of polymerization ( DP n ). None of the telomeric polyanionic derivatives reported herein induced HIV inhibition.
Translucency perception: A review (2021)

Translucency is an optical and a perceptual phenomenon that characterizes subsurface light transport through objects and materials. Translucency as an optical property of a material relates to the radiative transfer inside and through this medium, and translucency as a perceptual phenomenon describes the visual sensation experienced by humans when observing a given material under given conditions. The knowledge about the visual mechanisms of the translucency perception remains limited. Accurate prediction of the appearance of the translucent objects can have a significant commercial impact in the fields such as three-dimensional printing. However, little is known how the optical properties of a material relate to a perception evoked in humans. This article overviews the knowledge status about the visual perception of translucency and highlights the applications of the translucency perception research. Furthermore, this review summarizes current knowledge gaps, fundamental challenges and existing ambiguities with a goal to facilitate translucency perception research in the future.
A production system for speech understanding (1977)

A production system was developed for syntactic and semantic processing within the Hearsay-II speech understanding system. The major properties of the system are discussed, including (1) conversion of static language descriptions into productions, (2) compilation and data-directed execution of productions, (3) dynamically modifiable thresholds on goodness of pattern matches, (4) partial matching, and (5) representation and integration of bottom-up, top-down and horizontal searches. Several weaknesses of the production system paradigm in this application appeared during the course of this research. These arose from (1) the arbitrariness of canonical decompositions of patterns into subpatterns, (2) insufficient use of contextually confirming evidence for individual hypotheses due to the narrowness (literality) of monitored conditions, and (3) difficulty in evaluating the varying import of the same generic action in different contexts. Thus, while the uniformity and lack of explicit organization of production systems are touted as their most desirable features, attendant difficulties of dynamically organizing and controlling coherent problem solutions must be seriously considered in problem domains requiring careful allocation of computational resources.
Going beyond 4 Gbps data rate by employing RGB laser diodes for visible light communication (2015)

With increasing interest in visible light communication, the laser diode (LD) provides an attractive alternative, with higher efficiency, shorter linewidth and larger bandwidth for high-speed visible light communication (VLC). Previously, more than 3 Gbps data rate was demonstrated using LED. By using LDs and spectral-efficient orthogonal frequency division multiplexing encoding scheme, significantly higher data rates has been achieved in this work. Using 16-QAM modulation scheme, in conjunction with red, blue and green LDs, data rates of 4.4 Gbps, 4 Gbps and 4 Gbps, with the corresponding BER/SNR/EVM of 3.3 × 10⁻³/15.3/17.9, 1.4 × 10⁻³/16.3/15.4 and 2.8 × 10⁻³/15.5/16.7were obtained over transmission distance of ~20 cm. We also simultaneously demonstrated white light emission using red, blue and green LDs, after passing through a commercially available diffuser element. Our work highlighted that a tradeoff exists in operating the blue LDs at optimum bias condition while maintaining good color temperature. The best results were obtained when encoding red LDs which gave both the strongest received signal amplitude and white light with CCT value of 5835K.
Caching at the Edge with LT codes (2018)

We study the performance of caching schemes based on LT under peeling (iterative) decoding algorithm. We assume that users ask for downloading content to multiple cache-aided transmitters. Transmitters are connected through a backhaul link to a master node while no direct link exists between users and the master node. Each content is fragmented and coded with LT code. Cache placement at each transmitter is optimized such that transmissions over the backhaul link is minimized. We derive a closed form expression for the calculation of the backhaul transmission rate. We compare the performance of a caching scheme based on LT with respect to a caching scheme based on maximum distance separable codes. Finally, we show that caching with \acl{LT} codes behave as good as caching with maximum distance separable codes.
Nuclear magnetic resonance in LiF: A single nuclear-dipolar-spin temperature in crystals with more than one spin species (1977)

In a crystal containing more than one species of nuclear spin in a large dc magnetic field, the secular dipolar interactions between all spins, unlike as well as like, form a single reservoir described by a single spin temperature. We demonstrated this concept with experiments on LiF. In particular, we showed that ${T}_{1D}$ of $^{7}\mathrm{Li}$ and $^{19}\mathrm{F}$ are equal. We also measured ${T}_{1}$ and ${T}_{1\ensuremath{\rho}}$ of $^{19}\mathrm{F}$ using $^{7}\mathrm{Li}$ detection. Finally we applied this concept to the Provotorov theory of saturation, which we extended to the case of a two-spin system, and demonstrated experimentally the validity of the treatment.
Shape-adaptivewavelet encoding of depth maps (2009)

We present a novel depth-map codec aimed at free-viewpoint 3DTV. The proposed codec relies on a shape-adaptive wavelet transform and an explicit representation of the locations of major depth edges. Unlike classical wavelet transforms, the shape-adaptive transform generates small wavelet coefficients along depth edges, which greatly reduces the data entropy. The wavelet transform is implemented by shape-adaptive lifting, which enables fast computations and perfect reconstruction. We also develop a novel rate-constrained edge detection algorithm, which integrates the idea of significance bitplanes into the Canny edge detector. Along with a simple chain code, it provides an efficient way to extract and encode edges. Experimental results on synthetic and real data confirm the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm, with PSNR gains of 5 dB and more over the Middlebury dataset.
Collective behavior with heterogeneous controllers (2013)

In this paper, we study the collective motion of individually controlled planar particles when they are coupled through heterogeneous controller gains. Two types of collective formations, synchronization and balancing, are described and analyzed under the influence of these heterogeneous controller gains. These formations are characterized by the motion of the centroid of the group of particles. In synchronized formation, the particles and their centroid move in a common direction, while in balanced formation the movement of particles possess a fixed location of the centroid. We show that, by selecting suitable controller gains, these formations can be controlled significantly to obtain not only a desired direction of motion but also a desired location of the centroid. We present the results for N-particles in synchronized formation, while in balanced formation our analysis is confined to two and three particles.
Deficient retinoid-driven angiogenesis may contribute to failure of adult human lung regeneration in emphysema (2017)

RA regulates lung microvascular angiogenesis; the endothelium produces CYP26A1 which is increased in emphysema, possibly leading to reduced RA availability. These data highlight a role for RA in maintenance of the human pulmonary microvascular endothelium.
Test Setup Design, and Calibration for Tan Delta Measurements on MV Cable Joints (2018)

As reliable power network is crucial to deliver promised electric power, cable powerline monitoring in medium voltage networks has a great importance for Distribution System Operators (DSOs) all over the world. A considerable rate of failures in cable powerlines is referred to the cable joints. Especially during the summer period, an excessive number of joints are subjected to explosion, causing outages in different points of the power network. To this purpose, in this paper, a simple and cheap test setup has been designed and calibrated to perform one of the key measurements for the cable monitoring, Tan Delta. Finally, the Tan Delta of different joints have been measured using the proposed setup.
An Adaptive History-based and Topology-independent Resource Reservation Scheme for Future Wireless Mobile Multimedia Networks (2005)

In the paper, a topology-independent adaptive resource reservation scheme based on movement history of mobile node (MN) is proposed to provide quality-of-service (QoS) guarantee for future multimedia-oriented wireless mobile IP services. The existing resource reservation schemes for MN make much redundant reservation, and aren't flexible and reliable under variable bandwidth wireless environment. Three ways are proposed to solve these flaws by our scheme: first, resource is reserved in MN's most probable movement directions by learning the true movement history of MN; second, the reserved resource is adaptively adjusted based on ongoing session's request and the current available network bandwidth; third, subnet resident time is considered to avoid unnecessary network resource occupancy. Furthermore, the proposed scheme is independent of network topology and gives no any assumption on subnet shape. The performance analysis has shown that proposed scheme outperforms existing schemes with much less reservation range and higher resource utilization efficiency.
Old fashioned adding up works out better (2000)

I have found that GCSE maths does not enable students to do mental arithmetic (Letters June 28).