gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Vector-Thread Architecture (2004)

The vector-thread (VT) architectural paradigm unifies the vectorand multithreaded compute models. The VT abstraction providesthe programmer with a control processor and a vector of virtualprocessors (VPs). The control processor can use vector-fetch commandsto broadcast instructions to all the VPs or each VP can usethread-fetches to direct its own control flow. A seamless intermixingof the vector and threaded control mechanisms allows a VT architectureto flexibly and compactly encode application parallelismand locality, and a VT machine exploits these to improve performanceand efficiency. We present SCALE, an instantiation of theVT architecture designed for low-power and high-performance embeddedsystems. We evaluate the SCALE prototype design usingdetailed simulation of a broad range of embedded applications andshow that its performance is competitive with larger and more complexprocessors.
Spontaneous emission from C2(d3Πg) and C3(A1Πu) during laser irradiation of soot particles (2010)

In order to investigate the contribution of non-thermal processes to laser-induced vaporization of soot, we have recorded temporally and spectrally resolved emission from C2(d 3Πg–a 3Πu; Swan system) and C3(A 1Πu–X ; Swings system) following laser irradiation of soot at 532 and 1064 nm over a wide range of laser fluences. We compared the measured spectra with simulated spectra from C2-Swan and C3-Swings emission to gain new insight into the formation mechanism of the excited species. This comparison shows that the vibrational and rotational energy distributions of the nascent C2(d 3Πg) and C3(A 1Πu) depend strongly on laser wavelength and are not in local thermodynamic equilibrium with the soot. These results suggest non-thermal ejection of highly excited C2(d 3Πg) and C3(A 1Πu) from the particle surface. Multi-photon laser-induced fluorescence from thermally sublimed C2(a 3Πu) and C3(X ) is unlikely to be the source of the observed emission. This work provides fluence thresholds at 532 and 1064 nm for the appearance of spontaneous emission from C2(d 3Πg) and C3(A 1Πu) with sufficient intensity to be observable in the presence of laser-induced incandescence from soot and emphasizes the importance of non-thermal vaporization processes during laser irradiation of soot.
3‐D comparative behaviour of discrete transfer and imaginary planes methods for furnace modelling (1992)

Abstract The discrete transfer and imaginary planes methods are compared for accuracy and computation time in cartesian and cylindrical enclosures filled with grey gas. The reference solutions are given by the classical zone method. Comparisons are done for surface heat fluxes and gas radiative sources. A wide range of surface emissivities and gas absorption coefficients is analysed. In general, the discrete transfer method reveals superior for accuracy but consumes more computation time. The imaginary planes method loses accuracy when a high number of spatial divisions is used, however it is easy to apply.
Cross-Reactivity to Field Isolates of Canine Influenza Virus by a Killed Canine Influenza Virus (H3N8, Iowa05) Vaccine (2012)

Sera from vaccinated dogs were used for HAI titer determination. Dogs in two studies were vaccinated using a killed CIV or placebo vaccine with a 1 mL dose administered subcutaneously, and another 1 mL dose administered approximately 3 weeks later. Two weeks after the second vaccination, dogs in the first study were challenged with heterologous CIV strain. Serum samples were collected before first vaccination on day 0, and before challenge on day 35. Serum HAI titers were determined for the vaccine strain, the challenge strains, and several more recently isolated strains of CIV.
Autoimmune premature ovarian failure: of mice and women. (1998)

Autoimmunity is a well-established mechanism of premature ovarian failure and may be the dominant cause of reversible premature ovarian failure. Because of its strong analogy with the human disease, murine experimental post-thymectomy autoimmune oophoritis may provide insight into the pathogenesis of autoimmune premature ovarian failure in women and might open new avenues to specific diagnostic and therapeutic methods. We reviewed the literature on murine experimental post-thymectomy autoimmune oophoritis in order to compare and contrast it with human autoimmune premature ovarian failure, to which it is similar in several ways. The histologic distribution of the ovarian lymphocytic infiltration is similar, and both have reduced natural killer cell activity. Susceptibility appears to be associated with genes outside the major histocompatibility complex in both the mouse and the human. Finally, the mouse model disorder is associated with a persistent neonatal-like Th2 response, which suggests possible similarities with autoimmune polyglandular failure type 1 in humans. In this condition autoimmunity develops despite an impaired cellular immune response.
HFE gene mutations and iron metabolism in Wilson's disease (2002)

It appears reasonable to assess iron indices in patients with Wilson's disease in order to detect iron overload. HFE mutations other than C282Y homozygosity seem to have no impact on iron indices and liver parameters as long as Wilson's disease is controlled.
ChemInform Abstract: Cobalt Carbonyl Catalyzed Reduction of Aromatic Nitriles with a Hydrosilane Leading to N,N‐Disilylamines. (1986)

Abstract Aus den aromatischen Nitrilen (I) erhält man mit Trimethylsilan (II) in Gegenwart von Dicobaltoctacarbonyl (III) die silylierten Ami‐ 141 ne (IV).
High Tg blue emitting materials for electroluminescent devices (2005)

A series of 2′,7′-di-tert-butyl-9,9′-spirobifluorene derivatives (flu) incorporating arylamines at the 2- and/or 7-positions were synthesized. These compounds possess a high glass transition temperature ranging from 135 to 215 °C. Incorporation of spirobifluorene was found to be beneficial for raising the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the molecules. Most of the compounds are blue emitting with good solution quantum yields. Blue-emitting double-layer devices with narrow full width at half-maximum (fwhm < 68 nm) were constructed using these materials as the hole-transporting and emitting layer, and TPBI (1,3,5-tris(N-phenylbenzimidazol-2-yl)benzene) as the electron-transporting layer (device I). In double-layer devices of the configuration ITO/flu (40 nm)/Alq3 (40 nm)/Mg : Ag (Alq3 = tris(8-hydroxyquinoline)aluminium) (device II), flu functioned mainly as a hole-transporting layer, and the green light characteristic of Alq3 was detected. Two of the devices of type I have very promising performance, and one of them emits pure blue light (CIE (x,y) = (0.15, 0.09)). One of the compounds was found to be an efficient hole-injection material.
An LC–MS-Based Chemical and Analytical Method for Targeted Metabolite Quantification in the Model Cyanobacterium Synechococcus sp. PCC 7002 (2011)

Herein, we detail the development of a method for the chemical isolation and tandem LC-MS/MS quantification of a targeted subset of internal metabolites from cyanobacteria. We illustrate the selection of target compounds; requirements for and optimization of mass spectral detection channels, screening, and optimization of chromatography; and development of a sampling protocol that seeks to achieve complete, representative, and stable metabolite extraction on the seconds time scale. Several key factors influencing the separation by reversed-phase ion pairing chromatography, specifically the hydrophobicity of the sample matrix and sensitivity to mobile phase acidity, are identified and resolved. We illustrate this methodology with an example from the autofermentative metabolism in the model cyanobacterium Synechococcus sp. PCC 7002, for which intracellular levels of 25 metabolites were monitored over 48 h, including intermediates in central carbon metabolism together with those involved in the cellular energy charge and redox poise. Upon removal of alternative reductant sinks (nitrate), anoxia induces autofermentation of carbohydrates with a parallel rise in the intracellular pyridine nucleotide redox poise that is specific to NAD(H) and alongside a gradual decline in the adenylate energy charge. This LC-MS/MS-based method provides for accurate time-resolved quantification of multiple metabolites in parallel, thus enabling experimental verification of the active metabolic pathways.
Stem and progenitor cell therapies: recent progress for spinal cord injury repair (2008)

Mechanical trauma to the spinal cord is often accompanied by irreversible tissue damage, limited endogenous repair and permanent loss of motor, sensory and autonomic function. The implantation of exogenous cells or the stimulation of endogenous cells, to repopulate and replace or to provide a conducive environment for repair, offers a promising therapeutic direction for overcoming the multitude of obstacles facing successful recovery from spinal cord injury. Although relatively new to the scene of cell based therapies for reparative medicine, stem cells and their progenitors have been labeled as the 'cell of the future' for revolutionizing the treatment of CNS injury and neurodegenerative disorders. The following review examines the different types of stem cells and their progenitors, their utility in experimental models of spinal cord injury and explores the outstanding issues that still need to be addressed before they move towards clinical implementation.
A metabolome-wide case-control study of african american breast cancer patients (2023)

Breast cancer in African American women is associated with increase in serum metabolites involved in prostaglandin and leukotriene pathways, but with decrease in serum metabolites in glycerolphospholipid pathway. Positive lymph nodes and advanced cancer stage may strengthen changes in these pathways.
Recent Solutions for the Abatement of Hydrocarbon Emissions During the Cold Start of Light Vehicles (2011)

During the last twenty years the number of patent publications in the field of the control of hydrocarbon compounds during the cold start period of a gasoline engine has strongly increased and seems now that the number of patents tends to increase during the following years. This fact has been related with increasingly stringent legislations all over the world which highlights the importance of developing efficient systems for the control of cold start hydrocarbon emissions. The technologies that show a higher number of patents are the hydrocarbon trap, the close-coupled catalyst and the electrically heated catalyst. Keywords: Close-coupled catalyst, cold start emissions, electrically heated catalyst, hydrocarbon trap
Investigating the Factors Affecting Myopia in Retinopathy of Prematurity after Laser Treatment (2021)

Abstract To elucidate the mechanism of myopia development in laser-treated retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) eyes, we investigated the effect of the number of laser shots applied on the myopic variables. A total of 33 eyes of 17 infants with laser-treated ROP were included. Cycloplegic retinoscopic refraction testing was carried out and the spherical equivalent (SE) was calculated. Relationships between SE and various variables (including the number of laser shots applied) were examined. In addition, an age- and axial length (AL)-matched control group without ROP was prepared to compare ocular structural parameters. Although there was no statistical difference in AL between two groups (p = 0.88), SE was significantly more myopic in the ROP group (p &lt; 0.001). SE was associated with AL, corneal refraction (CR), and crystalline lens power (CLP) in the ROP group. Of these three factors (AL, CR, and CLP), only CLP was significantly correlated with the number of laser shots applied (p = 0.003); no correlations were observed between the number of laser shots and AL or CR (p = 0.15 and 0.10, respectively). Very similar tendency was observed in the analysis of the difference between right and left eyes in each child.
Separating dopamine D2 and D3 receptor sources of [11C]-(+)-PHNO binding potential: Independent component analysis of competitive binding (2020)

Development of medications selective for dopamine D<sub>2</sub> or D<sub>3</sub> receptors is an active area of research in numerous neuropsychiatric disorders including addiction and Parkinson's disease. The positron emission tomography (PET) radiotracer [<sup>11</sup>C]-(+)-PHNO, an agonist that binds with high affinity to both D<sub>2</sub> and D<sub>3</sub> receptors, has been used to estimate relative receptor subtype occupancy by drugs based on a priori knowledge of regional variation in the expression of D<sub>2</sub> and D<sub>3</sub> receptors. The objective of this work was to use a data-driven independent component analysis (ICA) of receptor blocking scans to separate D<sub>2</sub>-and D<sub>3</sub>-related signal in [<sup>11</sup>C]-(+)-PHNO binding data in order to improve the precision of subtype specific measurements of binding and occupancy. Eight healthy volunteers underwent [<sup>11</sup>C]-(+)-PHNO PET scans at baseline and at two time points following administration of the D<sub>3</sub>-preferring antagonist ABT-728 (150-1000 ​mg). Parametric binding potential (BP<sub>ND</sub>) images were analyzed as four-dimensional image series using ICA to extract two independent sources of variation in [<sup>11</sup>C]-(+)-PHNO BP<sub>ND</sub>. Spatial source maps for each component were consistent with respective regional patterns of D<sub>2</sub>-and D<sub>3</sub>-related binding. ICA-derived occupancy estimates from each component were similar to D<sub>2</sub>-and D<sub>3</sub>-specific occupancy estimated from a region-based approach (intraclass correlation coefficients ​> ​0.95). ICA-derived estimates of D<sub>3</sub> receptor occupancy improved quality of fit to a single site binding model. Furthermore, ICA-derived estimates of the regional fraction of [<sup>11</sup>C]-(+)-PHNO binding related to D<sub>3</sub> receptors was generated for each subject and values showed good agreement with region-based model estimates and prior literature values. In summary, ICA successfully separated D<sub>2</sub>-and D<sub>3</sub>-related components of the [<sup>11</sup>C]-(+)-PHNO binding signal, establishing this approach as a powerful data-driven method to quantify distinct biological features from PET data composed of mixed data sources.
ChemInform Abstract: Hybrid and Biohybrid Silicate Based Materials: Molecular vs. Block‐Assembling Bottom‐Up Processes (2011)

Abstract Review: 341 refs.
Accessing defect dynamics using intense, nanosecond pulsed ion beams (2014)

Gaining in-situ access to relaxation dynamics of radiation induced defects will lead to a better understanding of materials and is important for the verification of theoretical models and simulations. We show preliminary results from experiments at the new Neutralized Drift Compression Experiment (NDCX-II) at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory that will enable in-situ access to defect dynamics through pump-probe experiments. Here, the unique capabilities of the NDCX-II accelerator to generate intense, nanosecond pulsed ion beams are utilized. Preliminary data of channeling experiments using lithium and potassium ions and silicon membranes are shown. We compare these data to simulation results using Crystal Trim. Furthermore, we discuss the improvements to the accelerator to higher performance levels and the new diagnostics tools that are being incorporated.
Design and construction of a ripple filter for a smoothed depth dose distribution in conformal particle therapy (1999)

The ripple filter was designed to broaden the Bragg maximum of carbon beams for the raster-scan technique, a special type of tumour-conformal ion beam treatment. In this technique the target volume is divided into individual layers that are treated sequentially by varying the energy from the accelerator stepwise. Because the unmodified Bragg maximum has a small half-width, below 1 mm for small energies (< 160 MeV u(-1)), homogeneous irradiation at small penetration depths of 2-6 cm can only be obtained by using a large number of energy steps. If the energy step is too large, ripples are produced in the superimposed depth dose distribution. The ripple filter widens a Bragg peak to a Gaussian peak with a half-width of more than 2 mm. This helps to smooth the extended Bragg peak and to reduce the number of energy steps required by a factor of two to three, leading to significantly shorter overall irradiation times and a higher particle fluence per layer. The ripple filter consists of a 2 mm thick Plexiglass (PMMA) plate with a periodic structure of fine grooves. It can be mounted 60 cm upstream of the patient as a stationary device, because the fine structure of the grooves is completely washed out by the lateral scattering of the beam.
ChemInform Abstract: THE CARBOCYCLIC ANALOG OF CYTIDINE, SYNTHESIS AND ANTINEOPLASTIC ACTIVITY (1977)

Abstract Die Benzoylierung von (Ia) liefert je nach den Bedingungen die Benzoylverbindungen (Ib), (II) und (III).
Eu luminescence center created by Mg codoping in Eu-doped GaN (2012)

We investigated the photoluminescence properties of Eu,Mg-codoped GaN grown by organometallic vapor phase epitaxy. Some emission due to intra-4f shell transition of 5D0-7F2 in Eu3+ ions in a center with Eu and Mg was observed together with typical Eu emission. The peak intensity of the Eu-Mg emission was about five times higher than that of the typical Eu emission. The Eu-Mg emission exhibited a maximum at around 180 K, while the typical Eu emission intensity decreased monotonically with increasing temperature. It was found that only one type of Eu-Mg center contributed to the enhanced intensity up to 180 K.
Purification, Characterization and Antioxidant Activities of Enzymolysis Polysaccharide from Grifola frondosa. (2017)

Our previous study revealed that the antioxidant activity of polysaccharide (coded as FGFP) extracted from <i>Grifola frondosa</i> by enzymolysis treatment was significantly superior than that (coded as GFP) extracted by boiling-water. In this study, one purified polysaccharide fractions (coded as FGFP-11) was obtained from FGFP by purified using DEAE-52 column and Sephacryl S-500HR column. Results indicated that FGFP-11 with MW of 59.82 kDa consisted of mannose, glucose and galactose with a molar ratio of 1.00:16.36:5.25. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR spectrum) of FGFP-11 was similar with that of polysaccharide extracted by boiling-water from <i>Grifola frondosa</i>. These indicated the enzymolysis did not destroy the polysaccharide structure. NMR spectrum showed that FGFP-11 possess α-(1→6) glycosidic bond and α-(1→3) glycosidic bond configuration. The experiment of Congo red also revealed that FGFP-11 had triple helix stereo-configuration. Moreover, the antioxidant activities of FGFP-11 were improved compared with that of GFP, especially in scavenging of hydroxyl radical and diphenyl picryl hydrazinyl (DPPH) radical.
DCFNet: Deep Neural Network with Decomposed Convolutional Filters (2018)

Filters in a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) contain model parameters learned from enormous amounts of data. In this paper, we suggest to decompose convolutional filters in CNN as a truncated expansion with pre-fixed bases, namely the Decomposed Convolutional Filters network (DCFNet), where the expansion coefficients remain learned from data. Such a structure not only reduces the number of trainable parameters and computation, but also imposes filter regularity by bases truncation. Through extensive experiments, we consistently observe that DCFNet maintains accuracy for image classification tasks with a significant reduction of model parameters, particularly with Fourier-Bessel (FB) bases, and even with random bases. Theoretically, we analyze the representation stability of DCFNet with respect to input variations, and prove representation stability under generic assumptions on the expansion coefficients. The analysis is consistent with the empirical observations.
Evaluation of Nonmetallic Glued Joints Based on the Resolvable Transit Times of THz Waves (2013)

ABSTRACT The quality of glued joints in nonmetallic samples was evaluated using a standard terahertz time domain spectroscopy system in the transmission configuration. We developed a method of modal analysis to complement the results obtained with those based on traditional parameters such as transmittance and spectral changes. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 55:1762–1765, 2013
Regulation of retinoblastoma gene expression in hormone-dependent breast cancer (1995)

Studies have shown an increased risk for breast cancer in the mothers of children suffering from retinoblastoma and osteosarcoma, suggesting a role for the retinoblastoma susceptibility (Rb) gene product in breast cancer. We now show that estradiol decreases the expression of Rb at the level of protein and messenger RNA (mRNA) in estrogen-dependent breast cancer cell lines. Treatment of MCF-7 cells with 10(-9) M estradiol for 48 h resulted in a 70% decrease in the level of Rb protein. Ribonuclease protection assays showed a 50% decrease in the steady state levels of Rb mRNA by 12 h and a 70% decrease in Rb mRNA by 24 h. Treatment with estradiol had no effect on the rate of Rb gene transcription or on Rb mRNA stability, but resulted in an increase in the steady state level of Rb mRNA in the nucleus. The effect of estradiol was inhibited by 10(-7) M 4-hydroxytamoxifen. In the absence of estradiol, the antiestrogens 4-hydroxytamoxifen and ICI 164,384 increased Rb mRNA by 50% over that in estrogen-depleted conditions. Estradiol regulation of Rb mRNA also occurred in other estrogen-dependent breast cancer cell lines. Insulin-like growth factor I, insulin, progestins, and epidermal growth factor had no effect on Rb expression. In summary, these results show that estradiol specifically regulates the expression of the Rb susceptibility gene product in hormone-dependent breast cancer by a posttranscriptional mechanism that occurs in the nucleus. The results from this study suggest that the negative regulation of Rb expression by estradiol, rather than Rb loss or mutation, may play an important role in breast carcinogenesis.
Assessment of a Deep Learning Model Based on Electronic Health Record Data to Forecast Clinical Outcomes in Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis (2019)

The findings suggest that building accurate models to forecast complex disease outcomes using electronic health record data is possible and these models can be shared across hospitals with diverse patient populations.