gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Binocular Disappearance of Monocular Symmetry (1966)

In an earlier demonstration binocular shapes were produced from monocularly shapeless, random-dot stereo images. A reversal of this phenomenon is demonstrated. A stereo image is devised in which the monocularly apparent shapes of bilateral symmetry disappear when stereoscopically viewed. This phenomenon sharpens the implications of the earlier one.
Macrolide-Resistant Streptococcus pyogenes in the United States, 2002-2003 (2005)

The population of macrolide-resistant S. pyogenes isolates in the United States is small, but it includes several large clones with potential for expansion.
Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis on Incidence of Altered Sensation of Mandibular Implant Surgery (2016)

Altered sensation (including paresthesia, dysesthesia and hypoesthesia) after mandibular implant surgery may indicate transient or permanent injury of the inferior alveolar nerve and the mental branch, and considerably lower patients' satisfaction about the therapy. Previous studies have shown a great degree of variability on the incidence of altered sensation. We here reported the incidence of altered sensation after mandibular implant surgery based on a meta-analysis of 26 articles published between 1990.1.1 and 2016.1.1. Study quality and risk of bias was assessed and the studies with a lower score were excluded in the meta-analysis. Data synthesis was performed using the logistic-normal random-effect model. The meta-analyses revealed that the short-term (10 days after implant placement) and long-term (1 year after implant placement) incidence was 13% (95% CI, 6%-25%) and 3% (95% CI, 1%-7%), respectively. (2) For the patients who initially reported altered sensation, 80% (95% CI, 52%-94%) of them would return to normal sensation within 6 months after surgery, and 91% (95% CI, 78%-96%) of them would return to normal sensation one year after surgery. We concluded that dentist-patient communication about the risk of altered sensation is critical to treatment planning, since the short-term incidence of altered sensation is substantial (13%). When a patient reports altered sensation, regular assessment for 6 months would help tracing the changes of symptoms. In terms of long-term follow-up (1 year after surgery), the incidence is much lower (3%) and most patients (91%) would return to normal sensation.
Irreversible inhibition of calmodulin-sensitive cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase. (1986)

Photolysis of solutions containing 4-azido-7-phenylpyrazolo-[1,5a]-1,3,5-triazine (APPT) and calmodulin-sensitive cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase resulted in reduction of both cyclic GMP and cyclic AMP hydrolytic activity. The inactivation was dependent upon both time of exposure to ultraviolet irradiation and the initial concentration of APPT. The photo-induced inactivation could be attenuated by the presence of cyclic GMP, 1-methyl-3-isobutylxanthine, and papaverine. alpha-Chymotrypsin treatment caused the enzyme to be fully active in the absence of calmodulin but this treatment did not alter the ability of APPT to inactivate the enzyme. Thus, inhibition of calmodulin-binding did not contribute to the photo-induced inactivation. These data indicate that APPT acts as a photoaffinity agent to covalently modify the APPT-binding site of calmodulin-sensitive phosphodiesterase.
Yersinia nurmii sp. nov. (2010)

This study was set up to identify three Gram-negative, rod-shaped strains originating from broiler meat packaged under a modified atmosphere. A polyphasic taxonomic approach, including multilocus sequence analysis (MLSA) of five genes (16S rRNA, glnA, gyrB, recA and HSP60), DNA-DNA reassociation between the closest phylogenetic neighbours and determination of relevant phenotypic properties, was applied. Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequences grouped these strains together and within the genus Yersinia. MLSA of the 16S rRNA gene and four housekeeping genes showed that the strains formed a monophyletic group separate from other Yersinia species in all phylogenetic trees constructed. The strains had a phenotypic profile different from those of other representatives of the genus Yersinia, but most similar to that of Yersinia ruckeri. Typical virulence markers for pathogenic Yersinia were not detected. Based on phylogenetic, phenotypic and DNA-DNA reassociation data, a novel species, Yersinia nurmii sp. nov., is proposed for the isolated strains. The type strain is APN3a-c(T) ( = DSM 22296(T) = LMG 25213(T)).
INFLUENCE OF HIGHWAYS ON SELECTION OF SIX INDUSTRIAL LOCATIONS (1960)

EXTENSIVE INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT ADJACENT TO NEW HIGHWAY FACILITIES STIMULATED THIS PILOT INQUIRY REGARDING THE PRIORITY PLACED ON HIGHWAYS BY INDUSTRIAL FIRMS DURING PLANT LOCATION. A PLANT LOCATED ADJACENT TO A MAJOR HIGHWAY ENJOYS ECONOMICAL MOVEMENT OF RAW MATERIALS AND FINISHED PRODUCTS, AS WELL AS THE ADDED CONVENIENCE OF INCREASED LABOR MOBILITY. IN ADDITION, THERE ARE INDICATIONS THAT THESE FIRMS MAY ENJOY ADVERTISING AND PUBLIC RELATIONS BENEFITS FROM SELECTING LOCATIONS NEAR HEAVILY TRAVELED TRAFFIC ARTERIES. REPRESENTATIVES OF SIX INDUSTRIAL FIRMS CURRENTLY LOCATED ADJACENT TO FREE ACCESS ROADS WERE INTERVIEWED REGARDING THE IMPORTANCE PLACED UPON GENERAL HIGHWAY BENEFITS, ADVERTISING BENEFITS AND PUBLIC RELATIONS BENEFITS WHEN SELECTING NEW PLANT LOCATIONS. WITH FULL REALIZATION THAT UNIVERSAL GENERALIZATIONS CANNOT BE BASED ON A SAMPLE OF SIX FIRMS, THE FOLLOWING IS A BRIEF SUMMARY OF CONCLUSIONS. THE GENERAL INFLUENCE OF HIGHWAYS ON THE SELECTION OF PLANT SITES IS CONSIDERED AS IMPORTANT BUT NOT CRITICAL. THE FIRMS REALIZED THE NEED FOR HIGHWAY FACILITIES, BUT PLACED LITTLE PRIORITY ON SPECIFIC TYPES OF FACILITIES DURING SITE SELECTION. LITTLE RESEARCH WAS COMPLETED CONCERNING POTENTIAL ECONOMICS FROM LOCATING ADJACENT TO HIGHWAYS OFFERING SPECIFIC SERVICES. IF THE ROAD WAS PAVED AND IN GOOD CONDITION, IT WAS JUDGED ADEQUATE. THE ADVERTISING BENEFITS RESULTING FROM LOCATION OBTAINED LITTLE CONSIDERATION. THE FACTOR WAS VIEWED AS AN EXTRA BENEFIT THAT COULD BE REALIZED AT ALMOST ANY LOCATION. SOME DIFFERENCE IN THE VALUE PLACED ON THE ADVERTISING FACTOR WAS INDICATED BETWEEN FIRMS SERVING INDUSTRIAL AND CONSUMER MARKETS. THE INFLUENCE OF PUBLIC RELATIONS RESULTING FROM LOCATIONS ADJACENT TO HIGHWAY CONSTRUCTION IS VAGUE. CONSIDERABLE DOUBT WAS EXPRESSED CONCERNING THE VALUE OF ATTEMPTING TO LOCATE IN ORDER TO REALIZE THIS BENEFIT. BEYOND DOUBT, THIS IS NOT A FACTOR IN LOCATION. THE BENEFITS THAT CAN BE REALIZED APPEAR TO BE INDEPENDENT OF THE TYPE OF ROAD TO WHICH THE PLANT IS ADJACENT. THE RESULTS OF THIS PILOT STUDY INDICATE THAT THE TYPICAL FIRM DOES NOT FULLY APPRECIATE THE TOTAL ECONOMIC IMPACT OF MODERN HIGHWAYS ON BUSINESS OPERATIONS. /AUTHOR/
On-Board RFI Detection Performance of a Multichannel SAR System with Digital Square-Law Detectors (2022)

Radio Frequency Interference (RFI) is a growing problem for future Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) missions, resulting in data loss, image artifacts and undetected biases. A new approach for mitigating RFI is digital beamforming (DBF), which is possible with the next generation of multichannel SAR systems and allows for a spatial filtering of signals from different directions. While on-board RFI removal with DBF is challenging for spaceborne systems due to the computational load, past publications have shown that this problem can be overcome with DBF-based auxiliary beams by moving most of the processing to the ground without requiring the down-linking of all channels. A remaining problem of measuring RFI information with auxiliary beams is determining the interferer position. This paper shows the performance simulation of a series of digital square-law detectors which can be used to overcome this issue. It is shown that a series of digital square-law detectors provides the opportunity to simultaneously determine if RFI is present and under which direction, while maintaining a low system complexity. This is possible because the detectors provide a good probability of detection and false alarm rate even if the data rate is decimated. The simulated system performs well for a decimation factor of 110.
Perfect blazing for transmission gratings (1990)

Using electromagnetic theory, we first establish that a triangular-groove dielectric grating can be optimized to concentrate all the transmitted energy into only one transmitted order. This is done by evaporating an infinitely thin layer of a perfectly conducting metal on the small facet of the grooves. The +1-order transmitted efficiency then approaches 96%, the difference from 100% being due to only the Fresnel normal reflection on the large facet. Second, a similar study is conducted with an antireflection coating added to the large facet. A diffraction efficiency of 100% is then theoretically obtained.
Neil1 is a genetic modifier of somatic and germline CAG trinucleotide repeat instability in R6/1 mice (2012)

Huntington's disease (HD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder caused by trinucleotide repeat (TNR) expansions. We show here that somatic TNR expansions are significantly reduced in several organs of R6/1 mice lacking exon 2 of Nei-like 1 (Neil1) (R6/1/Neil1(-/-)), when compared with R6/1/Neil1(+/+) mice. Somatic TNR expansion is measured by two different methods, namely mean repeat change and instability index. Reduced somatic expansions are more pronounced in male R6/1/Neil1(-/-) mice, although expansions are also significantly reduced in brain regions of female R6/1/Neil1(-/-) mice. In addition, we show that the lack of functional Neil1 significantly reduces germline expansion in R6/1 male mice. In vitro, purified human NEIL1 protein binds and excises 5-hydroxycytosine in duplex DNA more efficiently than in hairpin substrates. NEIL1 excision of cytosine-derived oxidative lesions could therefore be involved in initiating the process of TNR expansion, although other DNA modifications might also contribute. Altogether, these results imply that Neil1 contributes to germline and somatic HD CAG repeat expansion.
Methods for the Expression, Purification, Preparation, and Biophysical Characterization of Constructs of the c-Myc and Max b-HLH-LZs (2013)

Specific heterodimerization and DNA binding by the b-HLH-LZ transcription factors c-Myc and Max is central to the activation and repression activities of c-Myc that lead to cell growth, proliferation, and tumorigenesis (Adhikary and Eilers, Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 6:635-645, 2005; Eilers and Eisenman, Genes Dev 22:2755-2766, 2008; Grandori et al., Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol 16:653-699, 2000; Whitfield and Soucek, Cell Mol Life Sci 69:931-934, 2011). Although many c-Myc-interacting partner proteins are known to interact through their HLH domain (Adhikary and Eilers, Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 6:635-645, 2005), current knowledge regarding the structure and the determinants of molecular recognition of these complexes is still very limited. Moreover, recent advances in the development and use of b-HLH-LZ dominant negatives (Soucek et al., Nature 455:679-683, 2008) and inhibitors of c-Myc interaction with its protein partners (Bidwell et al., J Control Release 135:2-10, 2009; Mustata et al., J Med Chem 52:1247-1250, 2009; Prochownik and Vogt, Genes Cancer 1:650-659, 2010) or DNA highlight the importance of efficient protocols to prepare such constructs and variants. Here, we provide methods to produce and purify high quantities of pure and untagged b-HLH-LZ constructs of c-Myc and Max as well as specific c-Myc/Max heterodimers for their biophysical and structural characterization by CD, NMR, or crystallography. Moreover, biochemical methods to analyze the homodimers and heterodimers as well as DNA binding of these constructs by native electrophoresis are presented. In addition to enable the investigation of the c-Myc/Max b-HLH-LZ complexes, the protocols described herein can be applied to the biochemical characterization of various mutants of either partner, as well as to ternary complexes with other partner proteins.
Modulatory effects of mycobacterial heat-shock protein 70 in DNA vaccination against lymphoma. (2005)

Co-injection of HSP70 and Id plasmids induces a specific pattern of anti-idiotype immune response able to improve survival of immunized mice.
A phase Ib single-arm study of bintrafusp alfa for the treatment of pretreated, locally advanced/unresectable or metastatic urothelial cancer. (2021)

TPS501 Background: Urothelial cancer (UC) is the most common histological subtype of bladder cancer. For patients with metastatic UC, platinum-containing chemotherapy (CT) is the first-line standard of care. With 5 PD-(L)1 inhibitors approved for second-line treatment of platinum-refractory advanced UC, objective response rates (ORRs) in this setting (15% to 21%) and in first-line cisplatin-ineligible patients (23% to 31%) suggest that there remains a significant unmet need for improved outcomes. TGF-β signaling has been associated with resistance to PD-(L)1 inhibitors in patients with UC. Bintrafusp alfa (BA) is a first-in-class bifunctional fusion protein composed of the extracellular domain of the TGF-βRII receptor (a TGF-β “trap”) fused to a human IgG1 mAb blocking PD-L1. In murine models, BA resulted in improved antitumor activity vs TGF-β or PD-L1 monotherapies alone or in combination. In 2 phase I trials (NCT02517398 and NCT02699515), BA demonstrated a manageable safety profile and encouraging clinical efficacy in &gt;670 patients with advanced solid tumors. Here we describe a phase Ib study (NCT04349280) that will assess the clinical activity and safety profile of BA in platinum-experienced patients with locally advanced/unresectable or metastatic UC. Colocalized, simultaneous inhibition of the TGF-β and PD-L1 pathways by BA is hypothesized to elicit greater antitumor activity than anti–PD-(L)1 therapies in patients with UC. Methods: This open-label, multicenter, single-arm trial is accruing patients with histologically confirmed locally advanced/unresectable or metastatic UC (ECOG PS ≤1) with disease progression or recurrence after platinum-based CT. Patients must not have received &gt;2 lines of systemic therapy for metastatic disease or prior therapy targeting T-cell costimulation, or checkpoint or TGF-β pathways. Patients with pneumonitis or a history of noninfectious pneumonitis that required systemic immunosuppression are ineligible. Patients will receive BA 1200 mg every 2 weeks until progression, unacceptable toxicity, death, or study withdrawal, or for up to 2 years. The primary endpoint is investigator-assessed confirmed ORR per RECIST 1.1; key secondary endpoints include duration of response and progression-free survival per the investigator and IRC, overall survival, safety, immunogenicity, and pharmacokinetics. Exploratory biomarker analyses will be conducted using patient samples collected during screening and prior to administration of BA. The base ORR used for the null hypothesis is 21%, and the target ORR is 40%. Using a predictive probability design and an estimated enrollment of 40 patients, the type I error rate is 5.70% and the power is 85.39%. As of September 2020, 3 sites in 2 countries have been activated and no patients have been enrolled. Clinical trial information: NCT04349280.
[Cytopathological features of multiple myeloma]. (2007)

Although integration of laboratory data and radiological findings are required, quantity and qualitative evaluation of plasma cells in bone marrow is still useful for the diagnosis of multiple myeloma. However, there are considerable variations in morphology of myeloma and proliferation pattern among the individual patients. Therefore, it is important to recognize cytopathological features of myeloma cells for better understanding of patients' status. For example, the finding of immature plasmablastic myeloma cells predicts the poor prognosis of the patients. In the present review, we described the cytopathological features, which is useful for diagnosis and estimation of the patients' prognosis and discrimination from reactive non-tumorous plasma cells.
X‐ray Diffraction and Scattering (2005)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Structural and Enzymatic characterization of the lactonase SisLac from Sulfolobus islandicus (2012)

We show that SisLac is a very proficient lactonase against aroma lactones and AHLs as substrates. Hence, data herein emphasize the potential role of SisLac as quorum quenching agent in Sulfolobus. Moreover, despite the very high sequence homology with SsoPox, we highlight key epistatic substitutions that influence the enzyme stability and activity.
Discrete Analysis of Portfolio Selection with Optimal Stopping Time (2009)

Most of the investments in practice are carried out without certain horizons. There are many factors to drive investment to a stop. In this paper, we consider a portfolio selection policy with market-related stopping time. Particularly, we assume that the investor exits the market once his wealth reaches a given investment target or falls below a bankruptcy threshold. Our objective is to minimize the expected time when the investment target is obtained, at the same time, we guarantee the probability that bankruptcy happens is no larger than a given level. We formulate the problem as a mix integer linear programming model and make analysis of the model by using a numerical example.
Adaptive local thresholding for robust nucleus segmentation utilizing shape priors (2016)

This paper describes a novel local thresholding method for foreground detection. First, a Canny edge detection method is used for initial edge detection. Then, tensor voting is applied on the initial edge pixels, using a nonsymmetric tensor field tailored to encode prior information about nucleus size, shape, and intensity spatial distribution. Tensor analysis is then performed to generate the saliency image and, based on that, the refined edge. Next, the image domain is divided into blocks. In each block, at least one foreground and one background pixel are sampled for each refined edge pixel. The saliency weighted foreground histogram and background histogram are then created. These two histograms are used to calculate a threshold by minimizing the background and foreground pixel classification error. The block-wise thresholds are then used to generate the threshold for each pixel via interpolation. Finally, the foreground is obtained by comparing the original image with the threshold image. The effective use of prior information, combined with robust techniques, results in far more reliable foreground detection, which leads to robust nucleus segmentation.
Efficient tamper-evident logging of distributed systems via concurrent authenticated tree (2017)

Secure logging as an indispensable part of any secure system in practice is well-understood by both academia and industry. However, providing security for audit logs on an untrusted machine in a large distributed system is still a challenging task. The emergence and wide availability of log management tools prompted plenty of work in the security community that allows clients or auditors to verify integrity of the log data. Most recent solutions to this problem focus on the space-efficiency or public verifiability of forward security. Unfortunately, existing secure audit logging schemes have significant performance limitations that make them impractical for realtime large-scale distributed applications: Existing cryptographic hashing is computationally expensive for logging in task intensive or resource-constrained systems especially to prove individual log events, while Merkle-tree approach has fundamental limitations when face with highly concurrent, large-scale log streams due to its serially appending feature. The verification step of Merkle-tree based approach requiring a logarithmic number of hash computations is becoming a bottleneck to improve the overall performance. There is a huge gap between the flux of log streams collected and the computational efficiency of integrity verification in the large-scale distributed systems. In this work, we develop a novel scheme, performance of which favorably compares with the existing solutions. The performance guarantees that we achieve stem from a novel data structure called concurrent authenticated tree, which allows log events concurrently appending and removes the need to wait for append operations to complete sequentially. We implement a prototype using chameleon hashing based on discrete log and Merkle history tree. A comprehensive experimental evaluation of the proposed and existing approaches is used to validate the analytical models and verify our claims. The results demonstrate that our proposed scheme verifying in a concurrent way is significantly more efficient than the previous tree-based approach.
ChemInform Abstract: Photosensitizer‐Free Visible‐Light‐Mediated Gold‐Catalyzed 1,2‐Difunctionalization of Alkynes. (2016)

Abstract A variety of α‐aryl ketones are obtained under mild reaction conditions through this gold‐catalyzed process which shows broad functional‐group tolerance.
Practikon: A Mobile-first Practice/Feedback Application to Support the Development of Communication Skills in Technical Subjects (2015)

His disciplinary training includes a Ph.D. in Rhetoric and Communication with an emphasis on technical/professional communication in science-related fields, which is at the core of his teaching and research efforts. In his position at MIT and as a member of the Administrative Committee of the IEEE Professional Communication Society, he is primarily interested in designing curricula and tools which can help engineers and scientists develop life-
Interleukin-18 is a strong predictor of hospitalization in haemodialysis patients (2004)

The present study demonstrated a strong predictive value of elevated IL-18 levels for poor outcome in HD patients.
Current trends in management of hepatitis B virus reactivation in the biologic therapy era (2011)

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) reactivation represents an emerging cause of liver disease in patients undergoing treatment with biologic agents. In particular, the risk of HBV reactivation is heightened by the use monoclonal antibodies, such as rituximab (anti-CD20) and alemtuzumab (anti-CD52) that cause profound and long-lasting immunosuppression. Emerging data indicate that HBV reactivation could also develop following the use of other biologic agents, such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α inhibitors. When HBV reactivation is diagnosed, it is mandatory to suspend biologic treatment and start antiviral agents immediately. However, pre-emptive antiviral therapy prior to monoclonal antibody administration is crucial in preventing HBV reactivation and its clinical consequences. Several lines of evidence have shown that risk of HBV reactivation is greatly reduced by the identification of high-risk patients and the use of prophylactic antiviral therapy. In this article, we discuss current trends in the management of HBV reactivation in immunosuppressed patients receiving biologic therapy, such as rituximab, alemtuzumab and TNF-α antagonists.