gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Magnesium–Antimony Liquid Metal Battery for Stationary Energy Storage (2012)

Batteries are an attractive option for grid-scale energy storage applications because of their small footprint and flexible siting. A high-temperature (700 °C) magnesium-antimony (Mg||Sb) liquid metal battery comprising a negative electrode of Mg, a molten salt electrolyte (MgCl(2)-KCl-NaCl), and a positive electrode of Sb is proposed and characterized. Because of the immiscibility of the contiguous salt and metal phases, they stratify by density into three distinct layers. Cells were cycled at rates ranging from 50 to 200 mA/cm(2) and demonstrated up to 69% DC-DC energy efficiency. The self-segregating nature of the battery components and the use of low-cost materials results in a promising technology for stationary energy storage applications.
Polymeric Sorbents for Bile Acids. 5. Polyacrylamide Resins with Ammonium-Containing Pendants (1996)

Isotherms have been determined for the sorption of bile salt anions, generally glychocolate (GCA-), in Tris buffer by cross-linked polyacrylamide resins with ammonium-containing pendent groups having the general structure of P−{(CH2)nN+R2Cl-}mR, where R is H or a CH3 group, and n and m are integers in the range of 2−12 and 1−3, respectively. The sorption capacity increases with the number of ammonium groups per pendant, in accord with the primary importance of electrostatic interactions. In general, the binding affinity of the resins for GCA- also increases with an increase in the hydrophobicity of the pendants. The isotherms for the binding of GCA- by the resins with long hydrophobic spacers have a normal Langmuir shape, while a distinct S-shape is observed for the sorption by resins with shorter spacers. The S-shaped isotherms indicate a positive cooperativity in the binding, probably due to hydrophobic interactions and H-bonding among bile salt anions bound at adjacent positions within the resin beads. On the basis of the sorption characteristics, it is proposed that the binding is accompanied by the development of a considerable degree of order within the beads, involving either the formation of pendent group−bile salt anion reversed mixed micelles or conventional micelles, depending on pendant structure. The resins with C12 spacers exhibit binding properties that are significantly superior to those of cholestyramine, the bile acid sequestrant currently used clinically for the treatment of hypercholesterolemia.
Silver nanoparticles inhibit VEGF-and IL-1β-induced vascular permeability via Src dependent pathway in porcine retinal endothelial cells (2009)

The aim of this study is to determine the effects of silver nanoparticles (Ag-NP) on vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-and interleukin-1 beta (IL-1beta)-induced vascular permeability, and to detect the underlying signaling mechanisms involved in endothelial cells. Porcine retinal endothelial cells (PRECs) were exposed to VEGF, IL-1beta and Ag-NP at different combinations and endothelial cell permeability was analyzed by measuring the flux of RITC-dextran across the PRECs monolayer. We found that VEGF and IL-1beta increase flux of dextran across a PRECs monolayer, and Ag-NP block solute flux induced by both VEGF and IL-1beta. To explore the signalling pathway involved VEGF- and IL-1beta-induced endothelial alteration, PRECs were treated with Src inhibitor PP2 prior to VEGF and IL-1beta treatment, and the effects were recorded. Further, to clarify the possible involvement of the Src pathways in endothelial cell permeability, plasmid encoding dominant negative(DN) and constitutively active(CA) form of Src kinases were transfected into PRECs, 24 h prior to VEGF and IL-1beta exposure and the effects were recorded. Overexpression of DN Src blocked both VEGF-and IL-1beta-induced permeability, while overexpression of CA Src rescues the inhibitory action of Ag-NP in the presence or absence of VEGF and IL-1beta. Further, an in vitro kinase assay was performed to identify the presence of the Src phosphorylation at Y419. We report that VEGF and IL-1beta-stimulate endothelial permeability via Src dependent pathway by increasing the Src phosphorylation and Ag-NP block the VEGF-and IL-1beta-induced Src phosphorylation at Y419. These results demonstrate that Ag-NP may inhibit the VEGF-and IL-1beta-induced permeability through inactivation of Src kinase pathway and this pathway may represent a potential therapeutic target to inhibit the ocular diseases such as diabetic retinopathy.
Probing cell-surface architecture through synthesis: An NMR-determined structural motif for tumor-associated mucins (1999)

Cell-surface mucin glycoproteins are altered with the onset of oncogenesis. Knowledge of mucin structure could be used in vaccine strategies that target tumor-associated mucin motifs. Thus far, however, mucins have resisted detailed molecular analysis. Reported herein is the solution conformation of a highly complex segment of the mucin CD43. The elongated secondary structure of the isolated mucin strand approaches the stability of motifs found in folded proteins. The features required for the mucin motif to emerge are also described. Immunocharacterization of related constructs strongly suggests that the observed epitopes represent distinguishing features of tumor cell-surface architecture.
Abstract 14206: The Ryanodine Receptor Calcium Leak Does Not Contribute to the Development of Heart Failure (2015)

Rationale: Increased sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca2+ leak via cardiac ryanodine receptor (RyR2) is thought to play a role in heart failure (HF) development. Inhibition of this leak has been suggested to be an emerging therapeutic strategy. However, some studies have raised controversy as to the importance of SR Ca2+ leak in HF development. Previously, we and others have shown that pressure overload (PO) and myocardial infarction (MI) models result in an increased SR Ca2+ leak and maladaptive cardiac remodeling. Objective: We sought to determine whether inhibiting SR Ca2+ leak in PO or MI could avert HF progression. Methods and Results: Wild-type C57BL/6J mice treated with or without RyR2 stabilizer, Rycal S36, were exposed to two model of chronic cardiac stress, transaortic constriction (TAC)-induced PO or permanent coronary artery occlusion-induced MI. Left ventricular structural and functional remodeling were determined after surgeries. SR Ca2+ leak was significantly reduced in S36-treated mice versus placebo controls after surgeries. However, both placebo- and S36-treated mice developed pathological cardiac remodeling and systolic dysfunction nearly to the same extent in both experimental models. Interestingly, there was a trend, but not significant, toward improved survival in S36-treated mice compared to that in placebo (P = 0.12 and 0.13 in TAC-S36 and MI-S36, respectively). Conclusion: These results strongly support the idea that SR Ca2+ leak is irrelevant to the development of cardiac dysfunction after TAC or MI. The minimal reduced mortality after TAC or MI suggests a possible antiarrhythmic effect of the Rycal S36, which needs further investigations.
Acquisition of Electrophysiologic Signals During Magnetic Resonance Imaging (1999)

We describe a low cost system for acquiring electrophysiological signals during magnetic resonance imaging. The system consists of high common-mode-rejection and low noise operational amplifiers, coupled by fiber optic cables to a receiver located at the periphery of the magnetic field. The system minimizes noise introduction which would contaminate image signals.
Computed tomography coronary angiography for patients with heart failure (CTA-HF): a randomized controlled trial (IMAGE-HF 1C) (2020)

NCT01283659.
Ideal amplification of broadband signals (2013)

This paper describes a digital signal processing (DSP) method for achieving “ideal” amplification, maximizing both the average output signal power and power-added-efficiency for any signal waveform and any power amplifier (PA) transfer characteristic. Detailed algorithms are described for optimally accomplishing peak reduction (PR), predistortion (PD) linearization, and integration of these DSP techniques with envelope tracking PAs. Hardware characterization results validate the theories of PD and PR operation.
ADS-B over satellite: Global air traffic surveillance from space (2014)

The steadily increasing air traffic in particular on transoceanic routes requires extending controlled airspace to those regions not yet covered by ground based surveillance. In this paper the authors present the world's first in-orbit demonstration of a space based ADS-B system, hosted on the ESA satellite PROBA-V.
Nanodomain Formation in Lipid Membranes Probed by Time-Resolved Fluorescence (2010)

Time-resolved fluorescence measurements on liposomes prepared with 1 mol % pyrene-labeled lipids (PLLs) with a headgroup bearing either an alcohol (PSOH) or an imido diacetic acid (PSIDA) and 99 mol % 1-palmitoyl-2-oleyl-3-sn-phosphatidylcholines (POPC) or 99 mol % distearylphosphatidylcholine (DSPC) were performed to investigate how lipids phase separate within the membrane bilayer. Global analysis of the fluorescence decays with the fluorescence blob model (FBM) led to the conclusion that the PLLs were homogeneously distributed on the surface of POPC vesicles while the PLLs phase-separated in the DSPC vesicles. The analysis yielded the fraction of aggregated pyrenes, f(agg). The large f(agg) values found for PSIDA suggest that the imido diacetic acid headgroup of PSIDA induces self-aggregation and phase separation in both membranes. The addition of external cations such as Cu(2+) and La(3+) was shown to hinder diffusional encounters between PSIDAs. The cations seem to target preferentially unassociated PSIDAs rather than aggregated PSIDA clusters. Accounting for the quenching of pyrene by Cu(2+) enables one to use PSIDA to probe the microviscosity of the lipid membrane. Using this effect, the environment of PSIDA in the DSPC membrane was found to be about 6 times more viscous than that in the POPC membrane. This difference is attributed to the difference in viscosity of the fluid POPC membrane and the gel-like DSPC membranes.
Critical Analysis of Compositions and Protective Efficacies of Oral Killed Cholera Vaccines (2014)

Two cholera vaccines, sold as Shanchol and Dukoral, are currently available. This review presents a critical analysis of the protective efficacies of these vaccines. Children under 5 years of age are very vulnerable to cholera and account for the highest incidence of cholera cases and more than half of the resulting deaths. Both Shanchol and Dukoral are two-spaced-dose oral vaccines comprising large numbers of killed cholera bacteria. The former contains Vibrio cholerae O1 and O139 cells, and the latter contains V. cholerae O1 cells with the recombinant B subunit of cholera toxin. In a field trial in Kolkata (India), Shanchol, the preferred vaccine, protected 45% of the test subjects in all of the age groups and only 17% of the children under 5 years of age during the first year of surveillance. In a field trial in Peru, two spaced doses of Dukoral offered negative protection in children under 5 years of age and little protection (15%) in vaccinees over 6 years of age during the first year of surveillance. Little is known about Dukoral's long-term protective efficacy. Both of these vaccines have questionable compositions, using V. cholerae O1 strains isolated in 1947 that have been inactivated by heat and formalin treatments that may denature protein. Immunological studies revealed Dukoral's reduced and short-lived efficacy, as measured by several immunological endpoints. Various factors, such as the necessity for multiple doses, poor protection of children under 5 years of age, the requirement of a cold supply chain, production costs, and complex logistics of vaccine delivery, greatly reduce the suitability of either of these vaccines for endemic or epidemic cholera control in resource-poor settings.
Joint Theoretical and Experimental Study on the Effects of the Salts in the Graphite-Based Dual-Ion Batteries (2019)

Graphite-based dual-ion batteries show great promise in the next-generation energy storage application. However, in-depth understanding of this novel class of batteries like the effects of the salts and solvents on battery performance is still lacking. In this work, we perform density functional theory calculations to investigate the effects of different salt ions, including four anions (BF₄–, ClO₄–, PF₆–, and TFSI–) and three cations (Li⁺, Na⁺, and K⁺), on the onset voltage of a dual-ion battery. It is shown that the size of the cation has a significant effect on the voltage whereas the anion size is of minor importance. The calculated onset voltage results agree well with the experimental results. For further analysis, we divide the overall discharging process into three independent steps (extraction, ionization, and solvation). We find the extraction and ionization energetics for each anion nearly compensate each other, resulting in the small differences of their net voltage contributions. Therefore, the solvation energy of the anion is the main contribution to the voltage difference among the different anions. However, the distinguishable and strong interaction between the cations and the graphene layers results in the significant contribution from the extraction and ionization steps to the onset voltage.
Ebola Virus and Marburg Virus in Human Milk Are Inactivated by Holder Pasteurization (2017)

EBOV and MARV are safely inactivated in human milk by standard Holder pasteurization technique. Screening for EBOV or MARV beyond questionnaire and self-deferral is not needed to ensure safety of DHM for high-risk infants.
The Premature Newborn Calf: How to Use Steroids to Improve Survival? (2003)

DOAJ is a unique and extensive index of diverse open access journals from around the world, driven by a growing community, committed to ensuring quality content is freely available online for everyone.
Binding Capacity of Chitin and Chitosan to Anthocyanin Pigment Isolated from Purple Perilla Leaves (2000)

The binding capacity of chitin and chitosan to anthocyanin pigments isolated from purple perilla leaves was investigated. The pigment binding capacity increased with increasing pigment concentrations and decreasing pH without being affected by reaction temperatures and particle sizes. Regression analysis revealed significantly high correlations between pigment binding capacity of chitin and chitosan and pigment concentration at ranges of 25-100 mg of pigment/g of sample. After 1 hr of settling, release of pigment from pigmented chitin and chitosan increased with increasing pH, up to 24.9% and 17.4%, respectively, at pH 9. In general, pigment binding capacity of chitosan was higher than that of chitin. These results suggest that chitosan may be useful as a potential adsorbent capable of stabilizing anthocyanin pigment.
Synthesen von Cholinphosphatiden, II. 14C‐Markierte Lecithine und Lysolecithine (1967)

Abstract Durch die Reaktion von Diacylglycerin‐α‐phosphorsäure‐β‐bromäthylestern ( 1 ) mit 14 C‐markiertem Trimethylamin erhält man in der Base radioaktiv markierte Lecithine ( 2 ), die mit Phospholipase A zu den entsprechenden 14 C‐markierten Lysolecithinen abgebaut werden können.
Chaperone Interactions at the Ribosome (2019)

The continuous refreshment of the proteome is critical to maintain protein homeostasis and to adapt cells to changing conditions. Thus, de novo protein biogenesis by ribosomes is vitally important to every cellular system. This process is delicate and error-prone and requires, besides cytosolic chaperones, the guidance by a specialized set of molecular chaperones that bind transiently to the translation machinery and the nascent protein to support early folding events and to regulate cotranslational protein transport. These chaperones include the bacterial trigger factor (TF), the archaeal and eukaryotic nascent polypeptide-associated complex (NAC), and the eukaryotic ribosome-associated complex (RAC). This review focuses on the structures, functions, and substrates of these ribosome-associated chaperones and highlights the most recent findings about their potential mechanisms of action.
Citrus Limonoids and Their Semisynthetic Derivatives as Antifeedant Agents Against Spodoptera frugiperda Larvae. A Structure−Activity Relationship Study (2002)

The antifeedant activity of Citrus-derived limonoids limonin (1), nomilin (2), and obacunone (3) and their semisynthetic derivatives 4-26 was evaluated against a commercially important pest, Spodoptera frugiperda. Simple chemical conversions were carried out on the natural limonoids obtained from seeds of Citrus limon. These conversions focused on functional groups considered to be important for the biological activity, namely the C-7 carbonyl and the furan ring. In particular, reduction at C-7 afforded the related alcohols, and from these their acetates, oximes, and methoximes were prepared. Hydrogenation of the furan ring was also performed on limonin and obacunone. The known antifeedant properties of the Citrus limonoids are confirmed. Comparison with previously reported data shows that insect species vary in their behavioral responses to these structural modifications. Highly significant antifeedant activity (P < 0.01) for two natural (1 and 3) and three semisynthetic limonoids (4, 8, and 10) was observed against S. frugiperda.
[Importance of AFPplus-screening in daily practice. Evaluation of 2641 analyses]. (1997)

Since 1991 the measurement of 3 biochemical parameters for the risk assessment of trisomy 21 pregnancy (AFPplus, Alpha-check) is also offered by private laboratories in Switzerland. This work aimed at the proof of reliability of this risk analysis in the hands of practitioners and private laboratories. The investigated cohort included 2,641 pregnant women. An anonymous questionnaire on the outcome of pregnancy furnished informations in 97% of cases (2,561 cases). At a trisomy 21 risk cutoff of one to 380, 9% of the pregnant women had conspicuous AFPplus results (trisomy 21-risk > 1 to 380; age distribution at term: 17 to 45 years; median 29.4 years). Among the conspicuous cases were 8 with trisomy 21, 1 with trisomy 18, 5 spontaneous abortions and 3 special cases. Seven of a total of 9 trisomies were detected by the screening. From these data the following diagnostic parameters for AFPplus have been calculated: specificity 91.0%, sensitivity 77.8%, positive predictive value 99.9%, false positive rate 9.0%, false negative rate 22.2%. The use of AFPplus by a practitioner cooperating with a private laboratory thus reveals a detection rate comparable to that known from larger centers. AFPplus by a practitioner cooperating with a private laboratory thus reveals a detection rate comparable to that known from larger centers. AFPplus allows to individualize the statistical age-related risk of a pregnant women before age 35. Above age 35 AFPplus may support the indication for cases suitable for cytogenetic investigation. Thorough personal information of the patient before the 16th pregnancy week by the practitioner or by genetic counseling has without any doubt first priority.
Long-term effects of a forest amelioration experiment (2002)

We evaluated the soil chemistry, plant species composition, and forest growth rate on a site where a site amelioration project had been realized 30 years earlier. The initial goal of the project was the improvement of a site that had been degraded by litter raking. We wanted to know which amelioration method produced a sustainable result and how different treatments might be rated by today's standards. Treatments included fertilization, underplanting with N-fixing plants, and a combination of both. The amelioration was combined with stand conversion by means of natural regeneration and spruce underplanting. In all treatments, a spruce-dominated stand replaced the secondary pine stand. The biomass of the formerly recalcitrant forest floor (143 Mg·ha 1 ) was reduced by 30 to 50% in treated plots, thereby reducing the total soil pool of C, N, and exchangeable cations. The mineral soil of treated plots was enriched with N, Ca, and Mg. An increase in pH was restricted to the forest floor. The C pool of treated soils was much smaller than that of the control plots. However, the loss from the soil was at least partly offset by increased growth rates of the aboveground tree biomass. In treated plots, the stem volume was more than twice that of control plots (38.3 m 3 ). Soil chemical data and the composition of the ground vegetation suggest that even the control plots have changed compared with pre-treatment conditions. Comparison of different blocks of the experiment suggests that the exclusion of roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) by fencing was the most significant treatment required for successful stand conversion. Prior to fencing, deer browsing inhibited the establishment of a new stand.
Balanced Control Strategies for Interconnected Heterogeneous Battery Systems (2015)

This paper develops new balanced charge/discharge strategies that distribute charge or discharge currents properly so that during operation, battery systems maintain uniform state-of-charge (SOC) all the time. The proposed balanced charge/discharge control strategies are useful for interconnected heterogeneous battery systems that can be built from battery modules with different types, ages, and power/capacity ratings. Both voltage-based and SOC-based balanced charge/discharge strategies are developed. Their convergence properties are rigorously established, and illustrative examples using production batteries demonstrate their convergence behavior under different charging current profiles. The approach will be especially useful for battery storage systems to support power grids with renewable energy sources where the battery systems are required to operate continuously.
The absorption of low‐dose methotrexate in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (1997)

Orally administered methotrexate is well absorbed in patients with inflammatory bowel disease including those with severe small bowel disease or resection. If methotrexate is proven to be effective in inflammatory bowel disease, it should be administered orally.
Helios is a marker, not a driver, of human Treg stability (2021)

Abstract Regulatory T cell (Treg) therapy holds promise as a potentially curative approach to establish immune tolerance in transplantation and autoimmune disease. An outstanding question is whether therapeutic Tregs have the potential to transdifferentiate into effector T cells and thus exacerbate rather than suppress immune responses. In mice, the transcription factor Helios is thought to promote Tregs lineage stability in a range of inflammatory contexts. In humans, the role of Helios in Tregs is less clear, in part due to the inability to enrich and study subsets of Helios-positive versus Helios-negative Tregs. Using an in vitro expansion system, we found that loss of high Helios expression and emergence of an intermediate Helios (Helios mid )-expressing population correlated with Treg destabilization. We then used CRISPR/Cas9 to genetically ablate Helios expression in human naive or memory Tregs and found that Helios-knockout and unedited Tregs were equivalent in their suppressive function and stability in inflammation. Thus, high Helios expression is a marker, but not a driver, of human Treg stability in vitro. These data highlight the importance of monitoring Helios expression in therapeutic Treg manufacturing and provide new insight into the biological function of this transcription factor in human T cells.
Electronic Video Endoscopy: Preliminary Results of Imaging Modification (1988)

This study represents a preliminary trial of the quantification of colorimetric modification of the esophageal mucosa, permitting the opening up of a video-electronic and computer classification of lesions of esophagitis.