gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Role of slip and fracture in the oscillating flow of HDPE in a capillary (1992)

Certain polymers exhibit two distinct branches in their capillary flow curves (wall shear stress versus apparent wall shear rate). This gives rise to oscillatory flow in constant-piston-speed rheometers and to flow curve hysteresis in controlled-pressure rheometers. These curious phenomena have attracted considerable interest over a period of many years, but their basic mechanisms are still the subject of debate. Building on previous work we have developed a model that predicts all the essential features of the curves of pressure and flow rate versus time in the oscillatory flow regime. Fluid compressibility and the second branch of the flow curve are necessary features of the model, but fluid elasticity is found not to be an essential element. While our macroscopic measurements do not prove it conclusively, our data lead us to believe that on the high-flow-rate branch of the flow curve there is slip along a cylindrical fracture surface near the wall. The jump to the high-flow branch occurs when this fracture occurs, at an upper critical value of the shear stress, while the jump back to the low-flow branch occurs when adhesion is established at the fracture surface at a lower critical shear stress.
The potential and design principle for next‐generation spectrum‐splitting photovoltaics: Targeting 50% efficiency through built‐in filters and generalization of concept (2018)

Abstract Increasing the sunlight to electricity conversion efficiency is a key driver for on‐going photovoltaic cost reduction. One of the most successful approaches for improving the efficiency is to split sunlight into suitable spectral bands for a set of solar cells with appropriate energy band gaps. Using this concept, in 2014, our group demonstrated the first photovoltaic conversion efficiency above 40%, where an external filter directed a portion of the sunlight normally wasted by commercial InGaP/InGaAs/Ge triple‐junction cells to a silicon cell. Here, we analyze the primary power losses in state‐of‐the‐art spectrum‐splitting photovoltaic modules and evaluate the potential for further efficiency increase. Two further developments, applying built‐in filters and generalizing the present concept, are proposed for next‐generation spectrum‐splitting photovoltaics, which can make 50% efficiency a realistic target. The design principal is briefed as is the comparison with monolithic multijunction cells.
Biosynthesis of Staphylococcus aureus Autoinducing Peptides by Using the Synechocystis DnaB Mini-Intein (2007)

The Agr quorum-sensing system of Staphylococcus aureus modulates the expression of virulence factors in response to autoinducing peptides (AIPs). The peptides are seven to nine residues in length and have the C-terminal five residues constrained in a thiolactone ring. We have developed a new method to generate AIP structures using an engineered DnaB mini-intein from Synechocystis sp. strain PCC6803. In the method, an oligonucleotide encoding the AIP is ligated to the intein and the fusion protein is expressed and purified by affinity chromatography. To produce the correct AIP structure, intein splicing is interrupted, allowing the cysteine side chain to catalyze thiolactone ring formation and release AIP from the resin. The technique is simple and robust, and we have successfully produced the three main classes of AIPs using the intein system. The intein-generated AIPs possessed the correct thiolactone ring modification based on biochemical analysis, and, importantly, all the samples were bioactive against S. aureus. The AIP activity was confirmed through Agr interference and activation profiling with developed S. aureus reporter strains. The simplicity of the method, benefits of DNA encoding, and scalable nature enable the production of S. aureus AIPs for many biological applications.
Green Solid Ionic Liquid Crystalline Electrolyte Membranes with Anisotropic Channels for Efficient Li‐Ion Batteries (2017)

A biobased ionic liquid crystal derived solid polymer electrolyte (BILC‐SPE) membrane, consisting of polymeric backbone, lithium salt, and cardanol derived ionic liquid crystals along with conventional plasticizer is fabricated using a facile and simple strategy. The in‐house prepared solid polymer electrolyte membrane within optimum concentration of individual counterparts has been deployed as electrolyte cum separator in lithium‐ion cells in combination with oxide and phosphate family cathodes individually to demonstrate its suitability and compatibility for energy storage applications. With carefully chosen 3‐(4‐(3‐pentadecylphenoxy) butyl)‐1‐methylimidazole‐3‐ium hexafluorophosphate as the ionic liquid crystal counterpart, the membrane exhibits high conductivity along with high porosity, wettability, and Li‐ion transport number owing to the presence of anisotropic channels that aid the facile transport kinetics desired for the cell performance. Promising results obtained regarding compatibility of cell components, excellent specific capacity, appreciable Coulombic efficiency, and cycling stability of the lithium‐ion cell investigated with BILC‐SPE developed from the low‐cost industrial waste not only revolutionize the performance of energy storage devices but also render a platform to create cleaner environment.
Free light chain synthesis by neoplastic cells in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. (1978)

Cell populations from twenty-two cases of B-cell neoplasia reflecting various stages of B-lymphocyte maturation were investigated for their ability to synthesise immunoglobulin (Ig) in vitro. All surface Ig positive neoplasms studied synthesised labelled Ig of the same light chain class as that expressed at the cell surface. Immature B-cell neoplasms, chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) and CLL-type lymphoma, synthesised only a minor proportion of their total protein as Ig; labelled free light chain was the only detectable secreted Ig product in thirteen cases and was in excess in the remaining four. Labelled heavy chain was detected in cell lysates in all but one case. Follicular centre cell lymphomas, neoplasms of more mature B-lymphocyte types, synthesised more of their total protein as Ig and showed a more balanced synthesis of heavy and light chains compared to the other neoplasms studies. The Ig synthesis patterns and, in particular, free light chain production, are discussed in relation to normal B-lymphocyte maturation.
Nuclear envelope breakdown is under nuclear not cytoplasmic control in sea urchin zygotes. (1995)

Nuclear envelope breakdown (NEB) and entry into mitosis are though to be driven by the activation of the p34cdc2-cyclin B kinase complex or mitosis promoting factor (MPF). Checkpoint control mechanisms that monitor essential preparatory events for mitosis, such as DNA replication, are thought to prevent entry into mitosis by downregulating MPF activation until these events are completed. Thus, we were surprised to find that when pronuclear fusion in sea urchin zygotes is blocked with Colcemid, the female pronucleus consistently breaks down before the male pronucleus. This is not due to regional differences in the time of MPF activation, because pronuclei touching each other break down asynchronously to the same extent. To test whether NEB is controlled at the nuclear or cytoplasmic level, we activated the checkpoint for the completion of DNA synthesis separately in female and male pronuclei by treating either eggs or sperm before fertilization with psoralen to covalently cross-link base-paired strands of DNA. When only the maternal DNA is cross-linked, the male pronucleus breaks down first. When the sperm DNA is cross-linked, male pronuclear breakdown is substantially delayed relative to female pronuclear breakdown and sometimes does not occur. Inactivation of the Colcemid after female NEB in such zygotes with touching pronuclei yields a functional spindle composed of maternal chromosomes and paternal centrosomes. The intact male pronucleus remains located at one aster throughout mitosis. In other experiments, when psoralen-treated sperm nuclei, over 90% of the zygote nuclei do not break down for at least 2 h after the controls even though H1 histone kinase activity gradually rises close to, or higher than, control mitotic levels. The same is true for normal zygotes treated with aphidicolin to block DNA synthesis. From these results, we conclude that NEB in sea urchin zygotes is controlled at the nuclear, not cytoplasmic, level, and that mitotic levels of cytoplasmic MPF activity are not sufficient to drive NEB for a nucleus that is under checkpoint control. Our results also demonstrate that the checkpoint for the completion of DNA synthesis inhibits NEB by acting primarily within the nucleus, not by downregulating the activity of cytoplasmic MPF.
Metal deposition on liquid crystal polymers for molded interconnect devices using physical vapor deposition (2004)

Abstract We report on a new metallization process on thermoplastic materials for molded interconnect devices (MIDs) to obtain smooth and adherent metal layers. The process includes deposition of a thin chromium interlayer and a subsequent copper layer by physical vapor deposition (PVD) on commercial liquid crystalline polymers (LCPs) followed by electroless plating of nickel and immersion gold to the desired thickness. Adhesion strength of the metal layer to LCP could be further improved by plasma treatment of the LCP substrate before plating. The properties of the multilayer metal system were compared to an electrolessly plated only sample. By combining PVD and electroless plating we obtained smooth metal layers with good adhesion to LCP. No decrease in adhesion strength of the metallization (Cu/Cr layer) was observed after electroless plating. We conclude that combination of PVD and electroless plating is well suited for fabrication of finest pitch metal layers on MIDs.
Die interdisziplinäre Notaufnahme im Zusammenspiel mit Chest Pain Units, Brustschmerzambulanzen und Cardiac Arrest Centern (2019)

Zusammenfassung Die notfall- bzw. akutmedizinische Versorgung der Bevölkerung von Patienten gewinnt mehr und mehr an Bedeutung. In Deutschland stellen sich zum Beispiel pro Jahr hunderttausende Patienten mit Brustschmerzen in Notaufnahmen vor, wobei sich bei ca. 5 – 20% ein akutes Koronarsyndrom nachweisen lässt. Zudem werden pro Jahr 75 000 prähospitale Reanimationen durchgeführt, von denen mehr als 60% kardial bedingt sind. Die primäre Anlaufstelle dieser kardialen Patienten ist in der Regel eine Notaufnahme, die, wenn möglich, Strukturen vorhalten soll, um diese Patienten rasch und effizient zu diagnostizieren und zeitnah lebensrettende Maßnahmen einzuleiten. Gefordert werden heutzutage, dass der interdisziplinären Notaufnahme Chest Pain Units (CPU), Stroke Units, Brustschmerzambulanzen (BSA) und, falls möglich, Cardiac-Arrest-Zentren (CAC) angegliedert sind, die es wiederum ermöglichen, durch eine optimale interdisziplinäre Betreuung durch Internisten, Neurologen und Anästhesisten die Prognose der Patienten durch Diagnostik und Therapie zu optimieren. In unserem Übersichtsartikel wollen wir uns auf die Interaktionen der interdisziplinären Notaufnahme mit den CPU, BSA und CAC fokussieren.
CHARACTERIZATION AND PREDICTORS OF PROSTATE SPECIFIC ANTIGEN PROGRESSION RATES AFTER RADICAL RETROPUBIC PROSTATECTOMY (2000)

PSA recurrence progresses at a greatly variable rate and many recurrences progress slowly with a long doubling time. Gleason secondary grade and score appear to be predictive of rapid PSA progression. No other pathological features were predictive of rapid PSA progression.
ChemInform Abstract: Pyrolysis of Simple Dialkyl Disulfides and Disulfide Oil. (1994)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Wnt/ß-catenin-mediated p53 suppression is indispensable for osteogenesis of mesenchymal progenitor cells (2021)

The developmental origins of mesenchymal progenitor cells (MPCs) and molecular machineries regulating their fate and differentiation are far from defined owing to their complexity. Osteoblasts and adipocytes are descended from common MPCs. Their fates are collectively determined by an orchestra of pathways in response to physiological and external cues. The canonical Wnt pathway signals MPCs to commit to osteogenic differentiation at the expense of adipogenic fate. In contrast to ß-catenin, p53's anti-osteogenic function is much less understood. Both activities are thought to be achieved through targeting Runx2 and/or Osterix (Osx, Sp7) transcription. Precisely, how Osx activity is dictated by ß-catenin or p53 is not clarified and represents a knowledge gap that, until now, has largely been taken for granted. Using conditional lineage-tracing mice, we demonstrated that chondrocytes gave rise to a sizable fraction of MPCs, which served as progenitors of chondrocyte-derived osteoblasts (Chon-ob). Wnt/ß-catenin activity was only required at the stage of chondrocyte-derived mesenchymal progenitor (C-MPC) to Chon-ob differentiation. ß-catenin<sup>-</sup> C-MPCs lost osteogenic ability and favored adipogenesis. Mechanistically, we discovered that p53 activity was elevated in ß-catenin<sup>-</sup> MPCs including ß-catenin<sup>-</sup> C-MPCs and deleting p53 from the ß-catenin<sup>-</sup> MPCs fully restored osteogenesis. While high levels of p53 were present in the nuclei of ß-catenin<sup>-</sup> MPCs, Osx was confined to the cytoplasm, implying a mechanism that did not involve direct p53-Osx interaction. Furthermore, we found that p53's anti-osteogenic activity was dependent on its DNA-binding ability. Our findings identify chondrocytes as an additional source for MPCs and indicate that Wnt/ß-catenin discretely regulates chondrocyte to C-MPC and the subsequent C-MPC to osteoblast developments. Most of all we unveil a previously unrecognized functional link between ß-catenin and p53, placing p53's negative role in the context of Wnt/ß-catenin signaling-induced MPC osteogenic differentiation.
Immunity to Pre-1950 H1N1 Influenza Viruses Confers Cross-Protection against the Pandemic Swine-Origin 2009 A (H1N1) Influenza Virus (2010)

The 2009 H1N1 influenza virus outbreak is the first pandemic of the twenty-first century. Epidemiological data reveal that of all the people afflicted with H1N1 virus, <5% are over 51 y of age. Interestingly, in the uninfected population, 33% of those >60 y old have pre-existing neutralizing Abs against the 2009 H1N1 virus. This finding suggests that influenza strains that circulated 50-60 y ago might provide cross-protection against the swine-origin 2009 H1N1 influenza virus. To test this, we determined the ability of representative H1N1 influenza viruses that circulated in the human population from 1930 to 2000, to induce cross-reactivity to and cross-protection against the pandemic swine-origin H1N1 virus, A/California/04/09. We show that exposure of mice to the 1947 virus, A/FM/1/47, or the 1934 virus, A/PR/8/34, induced robust cross-protective immune responses and these mice were protected against a lethal challenge with mouse-adapted A/California/04/09 H1N1 virus. Conversely, we observed that mice exposed to the 2009 H1N1 virus were protected against a lethal challenge with mouse-adapted 1947 or 1934 H1N1 viruses. In addition, exposure to the 2009 H1N1 virus induced broad cross-reactivity against H1N1 as well as H3N2 influenza viruses. Finally, we show that vaccination with the older H1N1 viruses, particularly A/FM/1/47, confers protective immunity against the 2009 pandemic H1N1 virus. Taken together, our data provide an explanation for the decreased susceptibility of the elderly to the 2009 H1N1 outbreak and demonstrate that vaccination with the pre-1950 influenza strains can cross-protect against the pandemic swine-origin 2009 H1N1 influenza virus.
Single-shot laser-induced switching of an exchange biased antiferromagnet (2023)

Ultrafast manipulation of magnetic order has challenged our understanding the fundamental and dynamic properties of magnetic materials. So far single shot magnetic switching has been limited to ferrimagnetic alloys and multilayers. In ferromagnetic (FM)/antiferromagnetic (AFM) bilayers, exchange bias (He) arises from the interfacial exchange coupling between the two layers and reflects the microscopic orientation of the antiferromagnet. Here we demonstrate the possibility of single shot switching of the antiferromagnet (change of the sign and amplitude of He) with a single femtosecond laser pulse in IrMn/CoGd bilayers. We demonstrate the switching for a wide range of fluences for different layer thicknesses and compositions. Atomistic simulations predict ultrafast switching and recovery of the AFM magnetization on a timescale of 2 ps. These results provide the fastest and the most energy-efficient method to set the exchange bias and pave the way to potential applications for ultrafast spintronic devices.
Contrast media for angiography: effect on renal function. (1986)

A total of 125 patients with severe peripheral vascular disease were examined with translumbar aortography. The mean dose of contrast medium injected was 65 ml of Angio Conray (containing 31.2 g of iodine). Forty patients were pretreated with mannitol, and 32 received furosemide. Thirty-eight patients (30%) had diabetes and, presumably, diabetic nephropathy. Eleven of them had significant azotemia (creatinine values greater than or equal to 4 mg/dl). Administration of contrast material did not significantly reduce renal function in any patient group. We conclude that acute renal failure following the injection of contrast material is uncommon, is reversible, and almost always occurs when avoidable complicating factors are present.
Catalytic Deallylation of Allyl‐ and Diallylmalonates. (2004)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Abstract 456: Defined co-mutation subgroups of KRAS-mutated NSCLC display distinct immune profiles (2015)

Abstract Traditional pathological divisions of lung cancer are giving rise to molecular classifications that identify unique drivers of tumor malignancy. Of these molecular classifications, KRAS represents about 30% of all lung adenocarcinomas. Our group has recently investigated if co-mutations within KRAS-mutated lung tumors can aid in identifying a unique therapeutic strategy for patient treatment. Given that tumors exert a strong influence over the immune system and the recent successes in immune targeting via checkpoint blockade therapy in various cancers, including lung, we hypothesized that co-mutational subgroups of KRAS-mutant NSCLC elicit distinct immune profiles and support a rationale for evaluating these subgroups in conjunction with appropriate immunotherapies for further clinical testing. To investigate this phenomenon, we performed a supervised analysis of 86 immune-related genes from The Cancer Genome Atlas data set in lung adenocarcinomas with KRAS mutations and TP53 or STK11(LKB1) co-mutations. The results from our analysis revealed that KRAS-mutant NSCLC with LKB1 (KL) and TP53 (KP) co-mutations have distinct immune profiles. KP tumors have an increase in (1) PD-L1 and PD-L2; (2) co-stimulation via CD40, CD80, CD86; (3) antigen presentation HLA-I, HLA-II, and CD1; (4) FOXP3 and CD4, indicating T regulatory populations; (5) CD33, CD11b, and CD11c, which are potentially suppressive myeloid cell populations. We conclude that KRAS co-mutations can create significantly different immune microenvironments; KRAS + TP53 (KP) mutant tumors may specifically benefit from checkpoint blockade, depletion of immunosuppressive myeloid and T regulatory populations, but could support de novo anti-tumor T cell expansion due to high expression of co-stimulatory molecules and HLA-I and HLA-II expression. Conversely, KRAS + LKB1 (KL) mutant tumors have an immunosuppressed or inert phenotype and may potentially benefit from adoptive cell transfer of anti-tumor T cells in conjunction with or in lieu of checkpoint blockade. Citation Format: Warren L. Denning, Lixia Diao, Ferdinandos Skoulidis, Yanyan Lou, Lauren Byers, Jing Wang, John Weinstein, Don Gibbons, John Heymach. Defined co-mutation subgroups of KRAS-mutated NSCLC display distinct immune profiles. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr 456. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-456
Study of the Solution in the Synthesis of a Sol−Gel Composite Used as a Chromatographic Phase (1999)

Tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) and octyltriethoxysilane (C8-TEOS) were used in the synthesis of an organic−inorganic hybrid glass composite by the sol−gel process. This composite was used as the stationary phase for chromatographic and electrophoretic separations when cast onto the inner walls of capillary columns. To investigate the reactions leading to the final chromatographic material, the hydrolysis and initial condensation reactions of TEOS, C8-TEOS, and the C8-TEOS/TEOS hybrid mixture were studied by 29Si and 1H NMR spectroscopy. The reaction of methyltriethoxysilane (C1-TEOS) and ethyltriethoxysilane (C2-TEOS) were also followed for comparison purposes. The formation of the various silicon species and the degree of substitution on the Si atom in the reactions revealed that TEOS hydrolyzes faster than C8-TEOS when each precursor reacts individually. However, the rate of hydrolysis for C8-TEOS increases when reacting in a C8-TEOS/TEOS (1:1 mole ratio) mixture, driven by the condensation of hydrolyzed TEOS species with those of C8-TEOS. The rate of hydrolysis for alkyl-monosubstituted alkoxysilanes and TEOS followed the trend C1-TEOS > C2-TEOS > TEOS > C8-TEOS. The maximum degree of condensation in the C8-TEOS/TEOS reaction mixture was observed after 7 h of reaction. The maximum chromatographic retention on the columns fabricated with the C8-TEOS/TEOS sol−gel composite correlates with the maximum degree of condensation and with a C8-TEOS/TEOS mole ratio of 1:1.
A 75kb SRAM in 65nm CMOS for In-Memory Computing Based Neuromorphic Image Denoising (2020)

This paper presents an in-memory computing (IMC) architecture for image denoising. The proposed SRAM based inmemory processing framework works in tandem with approximate computing on a binary image generated from neuromorphic vision sensors. Implemented in TSMC 65nm process, the proposed architecture enables ≈ 2000X energy savings ( ≈222X from IMC) compared to a digital implementation when tested with the video recordings from a DAVIS sensor and achieves a peak throughput of 1.25 - 1.66 frames/μs.