gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Autoimmune Pancreatitis in Children: Characteristic Features, Diagnosis, and Management (2017)

Pediatric AIP has a distinct presentation with features similar to type 2 AIP in adults. This comprehensive report on the largest group of children with AIP to date is expected to help with the diagnosis and management of this disease and pave the way for future research studies.
High field effects in high resistivity silicon carbide in lateral configurations (1995)

Results of the high field performance of single-crystal bulk 6H–SiC of relatively high resistivity (∼500 Ω cm) are reported. Prebreakdown and breakdown phenomena of SiC at high fields are studied using lateral device geometries, particularly suitable for photoconductive power switches and other high voltage power devices. The influence of the electrode configuration, gap length, sample geometry, and contact technology on the high field responses of SiC is discussed. Ohmic response and relatively large hold-off fields (≳80 kV/cm) are reported for this material in vacuum and SF6 gas.
The Biliotheque de la Societe de Port-Royal (1979)

The present librarian of the Bibliotheque de la Societe de PortRoyal, Andre Gazier, is fond of describing a visit to his father, Augustin, the noted historian of by a canon of NotreDame. The canon asked to purchase books from this in order to burn them! For some, Jansenism remained an emotional issue until well into the twentieth century. Augustin himself refused to allow Jesuits to use the library, and he vehemently discouraged scholars from studying the eighteenth-century convulsionaries of Saint-Medard, who, he believed, had embarrassed the Disciples of Saint-Augustine. The Bibliotheque de la Societe de Port-Royal, sometimes referred to as the library of Jansenism, is located on the third floor of a decrepit building at 169 rue Saint-Jacques in Paris. Operated by a private organization, the Societe de Port-Royal (which also owns the ruins of Port-Royal des Champs), the contains unmatched holdings on Jansenism and on the religious history of seventeenthand eighteenth-century France. There is, unfortunately, no accurate way to determine the size of the library, but I would estimate perhaps sixty thousand volumes. One must bear in mind that this is not a in the hands of trained librarians, and therefore it is deficient in both professional help and bibliographical aids. Much of the is catalogued on hand-written fiches organized alphabetically by author and by subject. A fiche will direct the researcher to the appropriate room and book. Thus, one can easily locate books written by a particular seventeenthor eighteenth-century Jansenist. More difficulty occurs with the attempt to utilize either pamphlets or manuscripts. To take
[Photo-biomolecular effects of laser radiation]. (1983)

The authors present the photo-biomolecular effects of laser rays by introducing their physical principles. The interaction between irradiated energy and matter is taken into consideration, by studying the wave length of the different types of laser, the emission and the energetic absorption. It is pointed out that the low-intensity laser radiations with given characteristics have no ionizing actions like X-rays or ultraviolet rays, and how the photo-biological and therapeutical action depends upon the absorption of rays and their diffusion.
"What's in a name?" going beyond allocation site names in heap analysis (2017)

A points-to analysis computes a sound abstraction of heap memory conventionally using a name-based abstraction that summarizes runtime memory by grouping locations using the names of allocation sites: All concrete heap locations allocated by the same statement are grouped together. The locations in the same group are treated alike i.e., a pointer to any one location of the group is assumed to point to every location in the group leading to an over-approximation of points-to relations. We propose an access-based abstraction that partitions each name-based group of locations into equivalence classes at every program point using an additional criterion of the sets of access paths (chains of pointer indirections) reaching the locations in the memory. The intuition is that the locations that are both allocated and accessed alike should be grouped into the same equivalence class. Since the access paths in the memory could reach different locations at different program points, our groupings change flow sensitively unlike the name-based groupings. This creates a more precise view of the memory. Theoretically, it is strictly more precise than the name-based abstraction except in some trivial cases; practically it is far more precise. Our empirical measurements show the benefits of our tool Access-Based Heap Analyzer (ABHA) on SPEC CPU 2006 and heap manipulating SV-COMP benchmarks. ABHA, which is field-, flow-, and context-sensitive, scales to 20 kLoC and can improve the precision even up to 99% (in terms of the number of aliases). Additionally, ABHA allows any user-defined summarization of an access path to be plugged in; we have implemented and evaluated four summarization techniques. ABHA can also act as a front-end to TVLA, a parametrized shape analyzer, in order to automate its parametrization by generating predicates that capture the program behaviour more accurately.
Partitioned inverse image reconstruction for millimeter-wave SAR imaging (2017)

Synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images are representations of the microwave or millimeter-wave reflectivity of the observed scenes. SAR image reconstruction is an inverse problem, which can be solved via an approximation, e.g. matched filter (MF), or the explicit inverse using a large amount of measurement data. However, the approximation limits the resolution while the explicit inverse is computationally complex and mostly ill-conditioned. This paper proposes a partitioned inverse (PI) approach based on the Moore-Penrose pseudo inverse using truncated singular value decomposition for regularization, which is robust to noise. It is shown that PI has an improved resolution of 24% over MF even at 0 dB SNR and is three orders of magnitude faster than the explicit inverse. A measurement based proof of concept experiment using a laboratory K-Band (15-26.5 GHz) ultra-wideband SAR system is shown to validate the proposed approach.
In situ analysis of the bacterial community in the gut of the earthwormLumbricus terrestrisL. by whole-cell hybridization (1995)

The bacterial community in the gut of the earthworm Lumbricus terrestris was analyzed by whole-cell hybridization with 16S rRNA targeted oligonucleotide probes. Whole-cell hybridization protocols using fluorescence-, peroxidase-, or digoxigenin-labeled oligonucleotide probes facilitated detection of significant fractions of bacterial cells stained with 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) in the fore-, mid-, and hind-gut and cast of the earthworm. The application of peroxidase- and digoxigenin-labeled probes, however, was hampered by several methodological drawbacks: the requirement of enzymatic permeabilization, the diffuse images of stained cells, and the incompatibility with DAPI staining used as control. Quantitative analysis of the bacterial community was also influenced by its considerable variability in different individual earthworms. Though the number of bacteria detected by DAPI staining as well as by whole-cell hybridization with the fluorescent eubacterial probe Eub338 generally showed a significant increase in the number of bacteria towards the end of the gut, a decrease in bacterial numbers could be found in some earthworms. In situ analysis of the bacterial community in the fore-, mid-, and hind-gut of one individual earthworm by whole-cell hybridization with the fluorescent eubacterial probe Eub338 recorded 15, 30, and 25% of DAPI-stained bacteria, respectively. In the cast 37% of the bacteria were detected. Similar to counts obtained by DAPI and by whole-cell hybridization with probe Eub338, the number of bacteria belonging to the α-, β-, and γ-subgroups of proteobacteria increased significantly towards the end of the gut and remained high in the cast. While the most significant difference in the counts of bacteria belonging to the α-subgroup was obtained between the hind-gut and cast, bacterial populations of the β- and γ- subgroups of proteobacteria increased most prominently between the fore- and hind-gut.Key words: digoxigenin, fluorescent probes, in situ detection, Lumbricus terrestris, rRNA, whole-cell hybridization.
Probing the Diphosphoglycerate Binding Pocket of HbA and HbPresbyterian (β108Asn → Lys) (1999)

HbPresbyterian (beta 108Asn --> Lys, HbP) contains an additional positive charge (per alpha beta dimer) in the middle of the central cavity and exhibits a lower oxygen affinity than wild-type HbA in the presence of chloride. However, very little is known about the molecular origins of its altered functional properties. In this study, we have focused on the beta beta cleft of the Hb tetramer. Recently, we developed an approach for quantifying the ligand binding affinity to the beta-end of the Hb central cavity using fluorescent analogues of the natural allosteric effector 2, 3-diphosphoglycerate (DPG) [Gottfried, D. S., et al. (1997) J. Biol. Chem. 272, 1571-1578]. Time-correlated single-photon counting fluorescence lifetime studies were used to assess the binding of pyrenetetrasulfonate to both HbA and HbP in the deoxy and CO ligation states under acidic and neutral pH conditions. Both the native and mutant proteins bind the probe at a weak binding site and a strong binding site; in all cases, the binding to HbP was stronger than to HbA. The most striking finding was that for HbA the binding affinity varies as follows: deoxy (pH 6.35) > deoxy (pH 7.20) > CO (pH 6.35); however, the binding to HbP is independent of ligation or pH. The mutant oxy protein also hydrolyzes p-nitrophenyl acetate, through a reversible acyl-imidazole pathway linked to the His residues of the beta beta cleft, at a considerably higher rate than does HbA. This implies a perturbation of the microenvironment of these residues at the DPG binding pocket. Structural consequences due to the presence of the new positive charge in the middle of the central cavity have been transmitted to the beta beta cleft of the protein, even in its liganded conformation. This is consistent with a newly described quaternary state (B) for liganded HbPresbyterian and an associated change in the allosteric control mechanism.
Right Ventricular Subclinical Dysfunction in SLE Patients Correlates with Metabolomic Fingerprint and Organ Damage (2023)

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic inflammatory disease, and several studies have suggested possible early RV involvement. Aim of the study was to evaluate the 3D echo parameters of the right ventricle (RV) and the metabolomic profile to correlate both with SLE severity. Forty SLE patients, free of cardiovascular disease, were enrolled and the following 3D parameters were evaluated: the RV ejection fraction (RV-EF), longitudinal strain of the interventricular septum (Septal LS), longitudinal strain of the free wall (Free-LS) and the fractional area change (FAC). In addition, a metabolomic analysis was performed. Direct correlations were observed between TAPSE values and the RV 3D parameters. Then, when splitting the population according to the SDI value, it was found that patients with higher cumulative damage (≥3) had significantly lower FAC, RV-EF, Septal LS, and Free-LS values; the latter three parameters showed a significant correlation with the metabolic profile of the patients. Furthermore, the division based on SDI values identified different metabolic profiles related to the degree of RV dysfunction. The RV dysfunction induced by the chronic inflammatory state present in SLE can be identified early by 3D echocardiography. Its severity seems to be related to systemic organ damage and the results associated with a specific metabolic fingerprint constituted by 2,4-dihydroxybutyric acid, 3,4-dihydroxybutyric acid, citric acid, glucose, glutamine, glycine, linoleic acid, oleic acid, phosphate, urea, and valine.
Experimental Lead Toxicosis of Raccoons ( ) (1999)

Four pairs of raccoons were treated orally with the following doses of lead acetate (mg/kg; 5 days/week, for 8 weeks): 0 (control), 1, 2 and 4. In the six experimental animals, this treatment produced dose-dependent increases in blood lead, without clinical signs or changes in haematological parameters. After 8 weeks, the liver and kidney of all lead-treated animals and the calvarium and radius of those receiving doses of 2 and 4 mg/kg contained elevated concentrations of lead. Acid-fast inclusions were observed by light and electron microscopy in the kidneys of all raccoons receiving the two highest doses and in one animal receiving the lowest dose. Hepatic acid-fast inclusions were seen in only one animal (dose 4 mg/kg). No inclusions were seen in osteoclasts of the radius. It is suggested that the findings, which support earlier observations that raccoons are fairly resistant to lead, may be of value in studying interactions between lead exposure and oral vaccination of wildlife against rabies.
Abstract B11: Cyclin D1 overexpression antagonizes Notch inhibition in the esophageal squamous epithelium (2009)

Abstract Cyclin D1 overexpression is common in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) and other squamous cell cancers. Notch signaling is implicated in cell proliferation and differentiation, and may act as a tumor suppressor. While squamous differentiation is maintained in ESCC and its precursor lesions, the role of Notch in esophageal carcinogenesis remains elusive. The role of genetic interactions between cyclin D1 and the Notch signaling were explored in this study. Immortalized human esophageal cells EPC2-hTERT (keratinocytes) were retrovirally transduced with tetracycline-regulatable (tet-cyclin D1. Notch was activated by the Notch1 intracellular domain and inhibited by dominant negative mastermind-like1 (DN-MAML1), a genetic pan-Notch inhibitor. Notch activity was assessed by a 8xCSL-luciferase reporter assay. Quantitative RT-PCR, Western blotting and immunohistochemistry were performed. The squamous epithelium was reconstituted in organotypic (3-D) culture, a form of tissue engineering. Notch activation led to inhibition of cell proliferation and terminal differentiation in EPC2-hTERT with a robust induction of involucrin (an early differentiation marker). By contrast, DN-MAML1 inhibited the ICN-induced CSL-dependent transcriptional activity and Notch target genes, including Hey1, Hes5 as well as involucrin. In organotypic culture, the parental EPC2-hTERT cells formed a well-organized stratified squamous epithelium. In organotypic culture, DN-MAML did not affect basal cell proliferation, but severely impaired squamous maturation and terminal differentiation with loss of filaggrin expression (a late differentiation marker) in the suprabasal layer. In 3-D culture, Cyclin D1 overexpression resulted in basal cell hyperplasia and antagonized the DN-MAML1 effect. Thus, cyclin D1 appears to stimulate cell proliferation while restraining the Notch-mediated squamous differentiation. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(23 Suppl):B11.
A case of incarcerated gravid uterus with a history of cesarean section was a good candidate for manual reduction: A case report (2020)

Because the anterior lower uterine segment is stretched, the incarcerated gravid uterus case with a history of cesarean section is a good candidate for manual reduction.
Center of Excellence in Model-Based Human Performance (1997)

The Center of Excellence (COE) was created in 1984 to facilitate active collaboration between the scientists at Ames Research Center and the Stanford Psychology Department. As this document will review, over that period of time, the COE served its function well. Funds from the Center supported a large number of projects over the last ten years. Many of the people who were supported by the Center Have gone on to distinguished research careers in government, industry and university. In fact, several of the people currently working at NASA Ames were initially funded by the Center mechanism, which served as a useful vehicle for attracting top quality candidates and supporting their research efforts. We are grateful for NASA's support over the years. As we reviewed in the reports for each year, the COE budget generally provided a portion of the true costs of the individual research project. Hence, the funds from the COE were leveraged with funds from industry and other government agencies. In this way, we feel that all parties benefitted greatly from the collaborative spirit and interactive aspects of the COE. The portion of the support from NASA was particularly important in helping members of the COE to set aside the time to publish papers and communicate advances in our understanding of human performance in NASA-related missions.
Assessment of Optic Nerve Head and Retinal Nerve Fibre Layer Changes and Evaluation of Frequency of Glaucoma in Patients with Alzheimer's Disease (2011)

Purpose: : Several studies have shown that patients with Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) have a significantly increased rate of glaucoma occurrence. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the frequency of glaucoma and changes of the optic nerve head (ONH) morphology and/or retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness in patients with AD. Methods: : 94 eyes of AD subjects and 127 eyes from age-matched controls underwent a complete eye examination including measurements of IOP, central corneal thickness and visual field testing using a Matrix FDT. ONH and RNFL assessment was performed both by slit lamp biomicroscopy and HRT III examination. The diagnosis of glaucoma was based on the presence of at least two of the following criteria: visual field defects characteristic of or compatible with glaucoma, specific ONH alterations and/or changes of HRT parameters. Results: : The Glaucoma Probability Score and Moorfields Regression Analysis (Mann Whitney U test: 0,004 and 0,001, respectively) and HRT3 stereometric parameters Rim Vol, RNFL thickness (ANOVA Tests of Between-Subjects Effects: 0,039 and 0,001, respectively) resulted significantly different along with the Matrix parameters MD (ANOVA: 0,001), PSD and GHT (Mann Whitney U test: 0,001 and 0,001 respectively) in patients with AD compared to the controls. The IOP mean value resulted to be significantly reduced (ANOVA: 0,001) in AD compared to controls. The frequency of glaucoma in AD patients (25,5 %) was significantly higher than in control group (5,5%) (p= 0.001). Conclusions: : The study confirmed that patients with AD have a higher frequency of glaucoma in the absence of elevated IOP levels. HRT III seems to be an useful tool in detecting ONH and RNFL changes in AD patients.
Investigation of a power-stabilized high-current ion laser (1983)

An experimental study was made of the characteristics of an argon ion laser stabilized in respect of the discharge current (up to 400 A) and output power. The laser had a sectioned discharge tube 10 mm in diameter and a cold arc cathode. The current was stable to within 0.02% and the radiation power to within 0.04%. The current-voltage characteristics of the discharge were linear and the output radiation power increased right up to the currents at which a high-frequency plasma noise began to develop. The high stability of the current made it possible to increase the output power of the laser because the high-frequency plasma noise appeared only at high values of the discharge current.
Diminished B cell secretory capacity in patients with noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. (1984)

In order to assess whether patients with noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) possess normal insulin secretory capacity, maximal B cell responsiveness to the potentiating effects of glucose was estimated in eight untreated patients with NIDDM and in eight nondiabetic controls. The acute insulin response to 5 g intravenous arginine was measured at five matched plasma glucose levels that ranged from approximately 100-615 mg/dl. The upper asymptote approached by acute insulin responses (AIRmax) and the plasma glucose concentration at half-maximal responsiveness (PG50) were estimated using nonlinear regression to fit a modification of the Michaelis-Menten equation. In addition, glucagon responses to arginine were measured at these same glucose levels to compare maximal A cell suppression by hyperglycemia in diabetics and controls. Insulin responses to arginine were lower in diabetics than in controls at all matched glucose levels (P less than 0.001 at all levels). In addition, estimated AIRmax was much lower in diabetics than in controls (83 +/- 21 vs. 450 +/- 93 microU/ml, P less than 0.01). In contrast, PG50 was similar in diabetics and controls (234 +/- 28 vs. 197 +/- 20 mg/dl, P equals NS) and insulin responses in both groups approached or attained maxima at a glucose level of approximately 460 mg/dl. Acute glucagon responses to arginine in patients with NIDDM were significantly higher than responses in controls at all glucose levels. In addition, although glucagon responses in control subjects reached a minimum at a glucose level of approximately 460 mg/dl, responses in diabetics declined continuously throughout the glucose range and did not reach a minimum. Thus, A cell sensitivity to changes in glucose level may be diminished in patients with NIDDM. In summary, patients with NIDDM possess markedly decreased maximal insulin responsiveness to the potentiating effects of glucose. Such a defect indicates the presence of a reduced B cell secretory capacity and suggests a marked generalized impairment of B cell function in patients with NIDDM.
A high force low area MEMS thermal actuator (2002)

This paper presents a new type of MEMS (micro-electromechanical systems) actuator consisting of an array of in-plane micro-fabricated thermal buckle-beam actuators. The technology used in MEMS actuators is typically magnetic, electrostatic or thermal. Magnetic actuators may require special materials in the fabrication process while electrostatic actuators typically require high voltages, large chip areas and produce very low forces. Thermal actuators have seen some use in MEMS applications, the most popular being the pseudo-bimorph that relies on differential expansion of a cold and hot arm to cause it to bend in-plane (parallel to the substrate). These thermal actuators typically generate on the order of a few micro-Newtons each but can be combined for larger forces by linking with small tendons. A disadvantage of this type of actuator is that it moves in an are where most desired movements are linear. Also, when combined in an array, the linking tendons consume much of the energy in bending them. Also, arrays of these can still occupy a fairly large chip area. The electro-thermal actuator described here resembles a chevron where an array of buckle-beams are packed close together and link two common anchored arms with a movable third arm. Arrays can be made within a single released micromachined layer and generate many mN of force. Additional actuators can be arrayed with no coupling penalty and occupy much less area that an equivalent pseudo-bimorph actuator. Preliminary tests indicate that a 450/spl times/120 /spl mu/m array consumes 240 mW of power, deflection up to 14 /spl mu/m and can produce many milli-Newtons. A chip of actuator geometry variations and different applications has been fabricated and tested.