gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Assessment of a Multi-column Deep Lake Model for Climate Applications: The Case of Lake Geneva (2021)

Abstract The interaction between large inland water bodies and the atmosphere impacts the evolution of regional weather and climate, which in turn affects the lake dynamics, thermodynamics, ice-formation, and, therefore, ecosystems. Over the last decades, various approaches have been used to model lake thermodynamics and dynamics in standalone mode or coupled to numerical atmospheric models. We assess a turbulence-closure k − ε multi-column lake model in standalone mode as a computationally-efficient alternative to a full three-dimensional hydrodynamic model in the case of Lake Geneva. While it struggles to reproduce some short-term features, the multi-column model reasonably reproduces the seasonal mean of the thermal horizontal and vertical structures governing heat and mass exchanges between the lake surface and the lower atmosphere (stratified period, thermocline depth, stability of the water column). It may therefore allow a two-way coupling with a RCM on timescales or spatial resolutions where full 3D lake models are too demanding in terms of computational resources.
Hypersynchronous Delta Waves and Somnambulism: Brain Topography and Effect of Sleep Deprivation (2006)

HSD shows a clear frontocentral gradient across all subjects during both baseline and recovery sleep and has relatively low specificity for the diagnosis of NREM parasomnias. Increases in HSD after sleep deprivation may reflect an enhancement of the homeostatic process underlying sleep regulation.
Monte Carlo Modeling of Cascade Gamma Rays in PET (2006)

We have developed a new Monte Carlo simulation based on SimSET to model spurious activity caused by cascade gamma (gamma) rays in PET imaging. A torso phantom including lungs, a spine and a lesion was simulated to mimic PET imaging of Y-86. Contributions from positrons (beta <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">+</sup> ) only, beta <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">+</sup> -gamma and gamma-gamma cascade events were binned in separate 2D sinograms and analyzed in the reconstructed images. The total abundances for beta <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">+</sup> only, beta <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">+</sup> -gamma and gamma-gamma cascades events modeled are 2.5%, 30.5% and 60.9%, respectively. The phantom was first simulated without attenuation (in air). Image intensities were estimated in Regions of Interest (ROIs) drawn in the reconstructed volumes for each cascade type as well as for their combination. Both cascade components contributed to an increase in spurious coincidences uniformly distributed throughout the image. A more realistic phantom (filled with water) was then simulated with or without modeling cascades. When cascade gamma rays are modeled, there is a slight increase of spurious activity in cold regions and a slight decrease of intensity in high-activity regions. While there is no significant change in LBR with or without cascade gamma events, the total counts increased greatly in the detector. To track the same number of beta <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">+</sup> , the total photon number is 4.4 times higher for Y-86 when modeling cascade events, causing a significant increase in detector dead time due to the increase of singles rate. The scatter fraction also increased, which was 18.95% without modeling cascades, and 26.75% when cascades were modeled. The simulation results are being validated with phantom experiments. Characterizing the spurious activity caused by cascade gamma rays in Y-86 PET imaging is crucial for the development of quantitative PET imaging of gamma ray emitting isotopes.
Aneurysm Morphology and Prediction of Rupture: An International Study of Unruptured Intracranial Aneurysms Analysis (2017)

This study underscores the importance of other morphological factors, such as perpendicular height and size ratio, that may influence unruptured intracranial aneurysm rupture risk in addition to greatest diameter and anterior vs posterior location.
Analysis of Altered Baseline Brain Activity in Drug-Naive Adult Patients with Social Anxiety Disorder Using Resting-State Functional MRI (2015)

These results of the altered regional baseline brain function in SAD suggest that the regions with abnormal spontaneous activities are involved in the underlying pathophysiology of SAD patients.
Towards automated security policy enforcement in multi-tenant virtual data centers (2010)

Virtual data centers allow the hosting of virtualized infrastructures (networks, storage, machines) that belong to several customers on the same physical infrastructure. Virtualization theoretically provides the capability for sharing the infrastructure among different customers. In reality, however, this is rarely (if ever) done because of security concerns. A major challenge in allaying such concerns is the enforcement of appropriate customer isolation as specified by high-level security policies. At the core of this challenge is the correct configuration of all shared resources on multiple machines to achieve this overall security objective. To address this challenge, this paper presents a security architecture for virtual data centers based on virtualization and Trusted Computing technologies. Our architecture aims at automating the instantiation of a virtual infrastructure while automatically deploying the corresponding security mechanisms. This deployment is driven by a global isolation policy, and thus guarantees overall customer isolation across all resources. We have implemented a prototype of the architecture based on the Xen hypervisor.
Micromagnetic study of network media (1998)

Magnetic hysteresis and recording properties of network film media were studied via micromagnetic modeling. It was found that the chain-like arrangement of magnetic grains in the network media suppresses clustering magnetization reversal. In comparison with conventional thin film medium, the network medium exhibits lower transition noise at high recording densities. The network medium is also more thermally stable than the conventional film media with the same signal to noise ratio.
Substitution of the Thioredoxin System for Glutathione Reductase in Drosophila melanogaster (2001)

The disulfide reducing enzymes glutathione reductase and thioredoxin reductase are highly conserved among bacteria, fungi, worms, and mammals. These proteins maintain intracellular redox homeostasis to protect the organism from oxidative damage. Here we demonstrate the absence of glutathione reductase in Drosophila melanogaster, identify a new type of thioredoxin reductase, and provide evidence that a thioredoxin system supports GSSG reduction. Our data suggest that antioxidant defense in Drosophila, and probably in related insects, differs fundamentally from that in other organisms.
[Oxaliplatin: the first DACH platinum in clinical practice]. (1997)

Oxaliplatin is a new platinum analog of the DACH family. Recent preclinical data have confirmed its non overlapping spectrum of activity with cisplatin, including acquired and intrinsic platinum resistant cell lines (as KB-CP, A 2780, HT29, CaCo2 colon cancer). When combined with other cytotoxic agents (5FU, SN38, CDDP, carboplatin), oxaliplatin has additive and/or synergistic antitumoral effects on various in vitro and in vivo models (colon, breast, ovarian and epidermoid tumors). Phase II trials have confirmed a sensorial peripherical neuropathy as its limiting toxicity while neither ototoxicity nor renal toxicities and only limited myelotoxicity were noted. Available phase II studies have established its antitumoral activity as single agent in 5FU refractory colon carcinoma while preliminary results suggest efficacy in cisplatin resistant ovarian cancer, in non small cell lung cancer, non Hodgkin lymphoma. Antitumoral activity has been observed during phases 1 in melanoma, glioma, breast and oesophageal cancers. A high response rate (28-65%) with the triple association (FU/folinic acid/oxaliplatin) has been reported in advanced colon cancer treated in first and second line settings. The results of two randomized phase III studies (FU/folinic acid +/- oxaliplatin) are expected. The oxaliplatin/cisplatin combination as salvage regimen had produced significant antitumoral activity (response rate: 45%) in resistant/refractory ovarian cancer. Finally, recent experimental and clinical data have outlined the potential interest in the development of this new original platinum compound. New single agent phases II are expected in other tumor types as well as new oxaliplatin combinations are ongoing (phase I trials of oxaliplatin/CPT-11 and of oxaliplatin/carboplatin, phase II study of oxaliplatin-vinorelbine in lung cancer.
Letter to the editor for “Update of the human and mouse Fanconi anemia genes” (2016)

After our review of the "Update of the human and mouse Fanconi anemia genes" had been published [1], a report appeared [2] that we believe contains additional important and clarifying information relevant to our discussion of the "Fanconi anemia pathway" and cross-talk with other DNA-repair pathways.
Measurement of sublingual blood velocity as a tool for monitoring sepsis (2008)

Measurements of sublingual blood velocity and blood flow were performed at normal body temperature and after both hot and cold stimulation. Laser speckle measurements of blood velocity were compared with measurements of blood flow obtained with a commercial laser Doppler flowmeter. Sublingual blood velocity increased in all subjects in response to both hot and cold stimulation as compared with that at normal temperature.
261-OR: Core-Shell Spherification: A New Microencapsulation Platform for Hyaluronic Acid and PEGDA (2019)

Cell microencapsulation associated with islet transplantation is a rapidly expanding field. Traditional alginate microspheres still suffer from poor biocompatibility, and microencapsulation of more advanced hydrogels is challenging due to their slower gelation rates. We have developed a novel, non-cytotoxic, non-emulsion based method to produce hydrogel microspheres compatible with a wide variety of materials, called Core-Shell Spherification (CSS). Here, we demonstrate fabrication of microspheres via CSS derived from two slow-hardening hydrogels: hyaluronic acid (HA) and polyethylene glycol diacrylate (PEGDA). HA microspheres were manufactured with two different crosslinking methods: thiolation and methacrylation. Microspheres of methacrylated HA (MeHA) had the greatest swelling ratio, the largest average diameter and the lowest diffusion barrier. In contrast PEGDA microspheres had the smallest diameters, the lowest swelling ratio and the highest diffusion barrier, while microspheres of thiolated HA (ThHA) had characteristics that were in between the other two groups. To test the ability of the hydrogels to protect cells while promoting function, diabetic NOD mice received xenotransplants via intraperitoneal injections of PEGDA or MeHA microencapsulated canine islets. PEGDA microspheres reversed diabetes for the length of the study (up to 16 weeks). In contrast, islets encapsulated in MeHA microspheres at the same dose restored normoglycemia, but only transiently (3-4 weeks). Non-encapsulated canine islet transplanted at the same dose did not restore normoglycemia for any length of time. In conclusion, CSS appears to offer several advantages to current cell encapsulation technologies, including a non-toxic microencapsulation procedure compatible with various hydrogel types. Disclosure F. Karanu: Employee; Self; LIkarda LLC. S. Harrington: Employee; Self; Likarda, LLC. L. Ott: Employee; Self; Likarda, LLC.
Methods of measuring, and factors affecting, percutaneous absorption (1972)

Synopsis--Tests for PERCUTANEOUS ABSORPTION are needed principally for substances that are toxic or biologically active or which accumulate in body tissues. The most sensitive SPECIES for percutaneous absorption tests are the rabbit and the guinea-pig. The technique most widely applicable is the measurement by ANALYTICAL or ISOTOPE techniques of the rate of DISAPPEARANCE of a test substance from the site of its topical application. Urine examination or measurement of blood levels may be useful in certain circumstances. IN VITRO measurements are often useful as a guide to the planning of IN VIVO tests. The principal barrier against percutaneous absorption is the STRATUM CORNEUM. Water and water-soluble substances traverse this layer with difficulty while LIPID-SOLUBLE substances do so with less difficulty. Substances that are soluble in both water and lipids (amphipathic) penetrate readily. Vehicles may retard or enhance percutaneous absorption in relation to their water-lipid solubility. They may also enhance absorption by increasing the permeability of the stratum corneum. In the case of OINTMENTS, partition of the test substances between vehicle and stratum corneum is often an important factor influencing absorption. Temperature and pH of the test preparations are additional factors that influence absorption.
A 10-to-12 GHz 5 mW Charge-Sampling PLL Achieving 50 fsec RMS Jitter, -258.9 dB FOM and -65 dBc Reference Spur (2020)

This paper presents a charge-sampling PLL (CSPLL), that demonstrates the best reported jitter-power FOM of -258.9 dB thanks to its high phase-detection gain and to the removal of the power-hungry buffer driving the phase detector. It also achieves -65 dBc of reference spur by both minimizing the modulated capacitance seen by the VCO tank and reducing the duty cycle of the sampling clock. Without requiring any RF dividers, a 50 μW frequency tracking loop is also introduced to robustly lock the CSPLL to a 100 MHz reference. Fabricated in 40-nm CMOS, the 0.13 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> CSPLL achieves an RMS jitter of 50 fsec at 11.4 GHz while consuming 5 mW.
Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy introduced into the International Standard Organization (ISO) regulations as an alternative method for detection and identification of pathogens in the food industry (2016)

We show that surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) coupled with principal component analysis (PCA) can serve as a fast, reliable, and easy method for detection and identification of food-borne bacteria, namely Salmonella spp., Listeria monocytogenes, and Cronobacter spp., in different types of food matrices (salmon, eggs, powdered infant formula milk, mixed herbs, respectively). The main aim of this work was to introduce the SERS technique into three ISO (6579:2002; 11290-1:1996/A1:2004; 22964:2006) standard procedures required for detection of these bacteria in food. Our study demonstrates that the SERS technique is effective in distinguishing very closely related bacteria within a genus grown on solid and liquid media. The advantages of the proposed ISO-SERS method for bacteria identification include simplicity and reduced time of analysis, from almost 144 h required by standard methods to 48 h for the SERS-based approach. Additionally, PCA allows one to perform statistical classification of studied bacteria and to identify the spectrum of an unknown sample. Calculated first and second principal components (PC-1, PC-2) account for 96, 98, and 90% of total variance in the spectra and enable one to identify the Salmonella spp., L. monocytogenes, and Cronobacter spp., respectively. Moreover, the presented study demonstrates the excellent possibility for simultaneous detection of analyzed food-borne bacteria in one sample test (98% of PC-1 and PC-2) with a goal of splitting the data set into three separated clusters corresponding to the three studied bacteria species. The studies described in this paper suggest that SERS represents an alternative to standard microorganism diagnostic procedures. Graphical Abstract New approach of the SERS strategy for detection and identification of food-borne bacteria, namely S. enterica, L. monocytogenes, and C. sakazakii in selected food matrices.
A New Electric Powertrain for Light Trucks: Indoor Testing and Advanced Simulation (2014)

&lt;div class="section abstract"&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;A new electric powertrain and axle for light/medium trucks is presented. The indoor testing and the simulation of the dynamic behavior are performed. The powertrain and axle has been produced by Streparava and tested at the Laboratory for the Safety of Transport of the Politecnico di Milano. The tests were aimed at defining the multi-physics perfomance of the powertrain and axle (efficiency, acceleration and braking, temperature and NVH).&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;The whole system for indoor tests was composed by the powertrain and axle (electric motor, driveline, suspensions, wheels) and by the test rig (drums, driveline and electric motor). The (driving) axle was positioned on a couple of drums, and the drums provided the proper torques to the wheels to reproduce acceleration and braking. Additionally a cleat fixed on one drum excited the vibration of the suspensions and allowed assessing NVH performance.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;The simulations were based on a special co-simulation between 1D-AMESIM and VIRTUAL.LAB. The contact between the wheels and the drums of the test rig were simulated by means of VIRTUAL.LAB. The simulation of the whole system was performed quickly. The comparison between the simulations and the experiments is satisfactory.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;The indoor test facility allows the quick tuning of the powertrain and axle parameters to meet the technical specification related to a particular application.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Enhanced and co-ordinated movement of the hamster oviduct during the periovulatory period (1979)

The movement of the hamster oviduct in vivo was examined after injection of a small quantity of India ink into the lowermost region of the isthmus. An active and co-ordinated movement of both the isthmus and ampulla that caused a rapid transport of the ink to the upper ampulla (and eventually to the ovarian bursa) was observed shortly before, during and within a few hours after ovulation. During the rest of the oestrous cycle, no ink was transported to the upper ampulla despite active contractile movement by the isthmus. These observations suggest that the oviduct as a whole exhibits an efficient contractile movement suited for sperm transport only during the periovulatory period.
[The importance of tumor angiogenesis as a prognostic indicator in primary breast cancer]. (1996)

Recently, the importance of tumor angiogenesis in the process of tumor growth, progression and metastasis in solid tumors has been widely accepted. The prognostic value of angiogenesis has been demonstrated in a variety of solid tumors including breast cancer. In this report, we reviewed recent studies investigating on the value of intratumoral microvessel density (MVD), assessed by a sermiquantitative immunohistochemical assay with using factor-VIII related antibody or anti CD-31 antibody, as a prognostic indicator in primary breast cancer patients. Studies using factor-VIII related antibody showed that the average MVD ranged from 67.3 to 84.0 counts per mm2 area. When used by anti CD-31 monoclonal antibody, the average MVD were 120.3 approximately 135 counts per mm2 area in the range. More than 8 clinical investigations have showed that MVD was a potent prognostic indicator for relapse free survival and/or overall survival in both node-negative and -positive patients. Two reports concluded no prognostic value of MVD, however the average MVD of these two studies significantly differed from other reports. Thus, at present, angiogenesis grade seems to provide an independent prognostic value when the MVD was properly assessed. With respect to the relationship with conventional prognostic indicators, several reports showed the tendency that increased MVD was correlated with younger age and increase of tumor size below 3 cm diameter, however, some reports failed to demonstrate the tendency, suggesting that these correlations are still in controversial. Biological markers including ER, p53 and c-erB2 showed no correlation with the MVD in many studies including our investigation. Only a significant correlation we found was that MVD was increased in tumors with the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor and platelet-derived endothelial cell growth factor, which are noted to be potent endothelial growth factor. Since the evaluation of tumor angiogenesis as a prognostic indicator is now widely investigated in a prospective study, MVD might be introduced to the category of the criteria for determining the schedule of postoperative adjuvant therapy of breast cancer.
Characterization of Adenylate Cyclase Interacting Protein ACI1 in the Rice Blast Fungus, Magnaporthe oryzae (2008)

Host infection by Magnaporthe oryzae requires the formation of a specialized infection structure, the appressorium. Using yeast 2-hybrid, ACI1 was found to interact with MAC1, a key gene in the cAMP signaling pathway regulating appressorium formation. Targeted ACI1 gene replacement mutants exhibited significantly delayed and slightly lower levels of appressorium formation, but were indistinguishable from the wild type strain in terms of pathogenicity. No differences were observed in colony morphology and wettability, growth rate, conidiation and salt tolerance. These results suggest that the ACI1 is required for normal appressorium formation, but not for pathogenicity and vegetative growth. Characterization elsewhere of an ACI1 homologue IMR gave similar results. Functional redundancy resulting from the presence of related homologues in the M. oryzae genome is one explanation that may account for these findings.
Phenylalanine hydroxylase: structural determination of the tetrahydropterin intermediates by carbon-13 NMR spectroscopy (1982)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPhenylalanine hydroxylase: structural determination of the tetrahydropterin intermediates by carbon-13 NMR spectroscopyRobert A. Lazarus, Charles W. DeBrosse, and Stephen J. BenkovicCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1982, 104, 24, 6869–6871Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1982Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1982https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00388a105https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00388a105research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views90Altmetric-Citations35LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts