gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Individual and combined effects of GIP and xenin on differentiation, glucose uptake and lipolysis in 3T3-L1 adipocytes (2020)

The incretin hormone glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP), released postprandially from K-cells, has established actions on adipocytes and lipid metabolism. In addition, xenin, a related peptide hormone also secreted from K-cells after a meal, has postulated effects on energy regulation and lipid turnover. The current study has probed direct individual and combined effects of GIP and xenin on adipocyte function in 3T3-L1 adipocytes, using enzyme-resistant peptide analogues, (d-Ala2)GIP and xenin-25-Gln, and knockdown (KD) of receptors for both peptides. (d-Ala2)GIP stimulated adipocyte differentiation and lipid accumulation in 3T3-L1 adipocytes over 96 h, with xenin-25-Gln evoking similar effects. Combined treatment significantly countered these individual adipogenic effects. Individual receptor KD impaired lipid accumulation and adipocyte differentiation, with combined receptor KD preventing differentiation. (d-Ala2)GIP and xenin-25-Gln increased glycerol release from 3T3-L1 adipocytes, but this lipolytic effect was significantly less apparent with combined treatment. Key adipogenic and lipolytic genes were upregulated by (d-Ala2)GIP or xenin-25-Gln, but not by dual peptide culture. Similarly, both (d-Ala2)GIP and xenin-25-Gln stimulated insulin-induced glucose uptake in 3T3-L1 adipocytes, but this effect was annulled by dual treatment. In conclusion, GIP and xenin possess direct, comparable, lipogenic and lipolytic actions in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. However, effects on lipid metabolism are significantly diminished by combined administration.
Encoding of colour images using adaptive decimation and interpolation (1999)

A low-complexity colour image compression scheme based on adaptive decimation is considered. Reconstruction of the encoded image is performed with an intelligent edge prediction algorithm which is capable of maintaining a reasonable coding fidelity, as well as a natural and pleasant visual effect for the object contours contained in the picture. The method involves only a small amount of computation in both the encoding and decoding processes and hence can be implemented to operate in real time with simple hardware and a small amount of memory storage. Results obtained by applying the proposed scheme for encoding colour images at high compression ratio are presented to demonstrate the feasibility of the approach and its potential in practical applications.
Morphology and transport of YBa2Cu3O7−x sputtered in argon, oxygen, and hydrogen: Dependence on deposition temperature (1993)

YBa2Cu3O7−x films have been deposited on MgO by reactive, off-axis magnetron sputtering in an argon, oxygen, and hydrogen gas mixture. The material and electrical properties of the films were studied for deposition temperatures from 600 to 760 °C. The films, all approximately 300 nm thick, were predominantly a-axis oriented when deposited at or below 620 °C but were c-axis oriented when deposited at temperatures above 640 °C. The surfaces of films deposited between 640 and 710 °C were partially covered with a-axis grains. Surface roughness measurements indicated the smoothest films occurred for deposition temperatures below 680 °C. Resistance ratios as great as 3.1 were observed for some films. Transition temperatures exceeded 89 K and resistivities at 100 K were less than 150 μΩ cm for the best films. Low-temperature critical current densities exceeded 107 A/cm2 for films deposited from 640 to 720 °C. The temperature dependence of the critical current density near the transition temperature had a power law dependence of nearly 3/2 for deposition temperatures below 690 °C. The power law dependence decreased for increasing deposition temperatures, dropping to nearly 1.1 in the film deposited at 750 °C.
Detection of human papillomavirus 16 and 18 DNA in epithelial lesions of the lower genital tract by in situ hybridization and polymerase chain reaction: cervical scrapes are not substitutes for biopsies (1993)

Human papillomavirus (HPV) types 16 and 18 in 66 women with histologically documented lesions of the genital tract and 64 control cohorts were investigated. The efficacies of in situ hybridization and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in detecting HPV 16 and 18 DNA were analyzed. In order to assess the usefulness of replacing biopsies with cervical scrapes, the two samples were compared by PCR. The prevalence rates of HPV infection by PCR were 59.1 and 10.9% in patients and controls, respectively. PCR was three times more sensitive than in situ hybridization (52.6 versus 17.8%). However, the need to improve PCR sensitivity by subsequent dot blot hybridization reduced one of the main advantages of PCR, i.e., expeditious diagnosis. Cervical scrapes were less sensitive than biopsies (13.6 versus 53%), although with four (6.1%) patients with intraepithelial neoplasias, HPV DNA was identified only by means of cervical scraping. We conclude that obtaining biopsy specimens and cervical scraping are complementary sampling procedures.
Détection qualitative et quantitative du virus de la fièvre de la vallée du Rift par PCR en temps réel (application à l'évaluation de l'efficacité de substances antivirales) (2001)

Le virus de la fièvre de la Vallée du Rift (RVFV), du genre phlébovirus (famille des Bunyaviridae) est un virus enveloppé à ARN négatif tri segmenté. Jusqu'en 2000, la circulation du RVFV était limitée au continent Africain, mais la récente épidémie mortelle qui a touché la Péninsule d'Arabie illustre de manière dramatique la nécessité de disposer de méthodes de diagnostic rapides, de traitements efficaces et de moyens prophylactiques. Une méthode pour quantifier le brin d'ARN S viral par RT-PCR en temps réel utilisant la technologie TaqMan® et ciblant le gène codant pour la protéine NSs a été développée. Les amorces et la sonde correspondantes ont été dessinées. Après optimisation de la réaction d'amplification et mise au point d'une courbe d'étalonnage à partir d'un ARN synthétique transcrit in vitro d'un plasmide, la RT-PCR en temps réel a été testée sur des échantillons d'ARN viral extrait de cellules Vero. La méthode s'est révélée spécifique de RVFV et a été utilisée avec succès pour détecter le génome viral dans des sérums d'animaux infectés par RVFV, mais aussi pour évaluer l'efficacité de plusieurs substances antivirales (ribavirine, IFNα, 6-azauridine et glycyrrhizine). Il a également été possible de détecter le génome viral dans des sérums humains artificiellement contaminés. Les résultats obtenus ont montré une forte corrélation entre les titres infectieux du virus et les quantités de génome viral mesurées par RT-PCR en temps réel. Cette nouvelle méthode pourrait être intéressante pour le diagnostic rapide et pour le criblage de nouvelles molécules antivirales car elle est sensible, permet un gain de temps et ne nécessite pas l'amplification et la manipulation de matériels infectieux. Elle pourrait être utilisée pour le suivi thérapeutique et la mesure de la charge virale.
Nile Red-Adsorbed Gold Nanoparticles for Selective Determination of Thiols Based on Energy Transfer and Aggregation (2004)

For the first time, an aqueous solution of 32-nm gold nanoparticles (GNPs), to which Nile red (NR) has been noncovalently adsorbed, has been used for sensing thiols. The as-prepared NRGNPs fluoresce weakly as a result of fluorescence resonance energy transfer between NR and the GNPs. The fluorescence of a solution containing NRGNPs at pH 4.0 increases upon the addition of thiols, but not when amines, acids, alcohols, bovine serum albumin, or hemoglobin are added. This phenomenon allows for the selective determination of thiols such as cysteamine and homocysteine, which have limits of detection of 10.2 and 10.9 nM, respectively, at a signal-to-noise ratio of 3. Interestingly, we have found that the excitation (lambda(ex) = 480 nm), emission (lambda(em) = 610 nm), and mass spectra (m/z 282) of the substance that desorbs from the GNPs in the presence of thiols are different from those of NR (lambda(ex) = 580 nm; lambda(em) = 652 nm; m/z 318), which indicates that a new product forms. When simultaneously conducting fluorescence and colorimetric assays, the selectivity of this approach further improves because at pH 4.0, the color of the NRGNPs does not change in the presence of negatively charged thiols, (e.g., N-(2-mercaptopropionyl)glycine), but changes from maroon to purple and lavender in the presence of neutral thiols (e.g., 3-mercapto-1,2-propanediol) and positively charged thiols (e.g., cysteamine), respectively, as a result of aggregation. This feature allows the types of thiols to be determined at concentrations >1.0 and 0.1 microM by the naked eye and by UV-vis absorption, respectively. Depending on the rate at which the NRGNP color changes, reduced glutathione (slow) is readily distinguishable from oxidized glutathione (no aggregation and no displacement) and from cysteine and homocysteine (fast).
Binding of staphylococcal enterotoxin A to HLA-DR on B cell lines. (1989)

Staphylococcal enterotoxin A (SEA) is a potent polyclonal T cell activator. Its activating effect is entirely dependent upon its binding to accessory cells. Monocytes, B cells, and B lymphomas can bind SEA and support activation of T cells. We have earlier found that Raji cells are particularly efficient as accessory cells for SEA-induced T cell proliferation. In the present investigation we have used this cell line for the isolation and characterization of the membrane molecule to which SEA binds. Flow cytometric analysis of cells dually stained with SEA and anti-HLA-DR mAb showed that the amount of bound SEA was proportional to the HLA-DR expression. Electrophoresis of detergent extracts of Raji cells revealed one distinct SEA-binding band with a Mr of 60 to 65 kDa. This band had the same electrophoretic mobility as the MHC class II molecules. A mAb (G8) with the ability to block SEA binding to Raji cells was established. This mAb was shown to bind to the HLA-DR molecule. Both the G8 mAb and an anti-HLA-DR mAb 9-49 inhibited SEA binding to accessory cells and also inhibited SEA-induced, but not PHA-induced, T cell proliferation and production of IL-2. Immunoprecipitation with specific anti-HLA-DR and anti-HLA-DQ mAb demonstrated that SEA binds to the HLA-DR molecule but not to the HLA-DQ molecule. Binding SEA to Raji cells followed by cross-linking and detergent solubilization of cell membranes, electrophoresis, and Western blotting resulted in two SEA-containing bands corresponding to a Mr of 90 and 105 kDa, respectively. Both these bands also contained the HLA-DR molecule and their appearance could be blocked by preincubation of the Raji cells with the G8 mAb. Collectively the results show that the HLA-DR molecule is the main functional molecule for binding of SEA to accessory cells and that this binding of SEA to HLA-DR is a necessary requirement for SEA-induced T cell activation.
Selecting a suitable battery technology for the photovoltaic battery integrated module (2019)

The use of batteries is indispensable in stand-alone photovoltaic (PV) systems, and the physical integration of a battery pack and a PV panel in one device enables this concept while easing the installation and system scaling. However, the influence of high temperatures is one of the main challenges of placing a solar panel close to a battery pack. Therefore, this paper aims to select a suitable battery technology considering the temperature of operation and the expected current profiles. The methodology for battery selection is composed of a literature review, an integrated model, the design of an application-based testing, and the execution of the aging test. The integrated model was employed to choose among the battery technologies, and to design a testing procedure that simulated the operational conditions of the PV-battery Integrated Module (PBIM). Two Li-ion pouch cells were tested at two representative temperatures while applying various charging/discharging profiles. After the testing, the LiFePO4 (LFP) cells showed better performance when compared to LiCoO2 batteries (LCO), where for instance, the LCO cells capacity tested at 45∘C, faded 2,45% more than the LFP cells at the same testing conditions. Therefore, LFP cells are selected as a suitable option to be part of the PBIM.
Whole body in vivo examination of small animals by simultaneous X-rays/optical tomography: comparison between the reconstructions obtained with different types of fluorescent labels (2007)

Small animal diffuse optical tomography is an appealing tool for the investigation of molecular events in cancer research and drug developments. The combination of the functional information brought by an optical system and the anatomical information delivered by X-Rays enables i) a fast multimodality animal examination; ii) the correlation between the biodistribution of the molecular probes and the morphology of the animal; iii) a more accurate optical data reconstructions by using the anatomy of the animal as a constrain in the reconstructions. A small animal multimodality tomographer for the coregistration of fluorescence optical signals and X-rays measurements is used in the present study. The optical system is composed with a CW laser and a CCD camera coupled with an appropriate combination of filters for the fluorescence detection. The animal is placed inside a transparent tube filled with an index matching fluid. The X-ray generator and detector have been positioned perpendicularly to the optical chain. Original optical calibration techniques have been developed in order to control at any time the alignment between the incident beam, the axis of the cylinder and the focus plan of the CCD. Specific developments have also been handled for obtaining the geometry correlation between optical and X-rays data reconstructions. This experimental setup is used in the present work for a study conducted on different kinds of fluorochromes for the purpose of the development of new molecular probes. The instrument is also used for in vivo biological study conducted on mice bearing tumors in the lungs, and tagged with near infrared optical probes (targeting probes such as Transferin- AlexaFluor 750 or such as RAFT-(cRGD)<sub>4</sub>-Alexa700/Alexa750).
Recent operating experience of the double-loop FGD system on high sulfur coal at St. Johns River Power Park (SJRPP) (1992)

The equipment comprising SJRPP was designed such that the firing of coals with sulfur contents in the 0.5% to 4.0% range could be accommodated. The air quality control systems provided with each unit are comprised of electrostatic precipitators and wet limestone Double-Loop flue gas desulfurization systems (FGDs). The FGDs are designed to produce commercial quality gypsum as a by-product of the desulfurization process. This paper presents and discusses design and operational aspects associated with the high sulfur evaluation including testing protocols, system data, results and conclusions of the evaluation.
Reactions of Acids and their Derivatives (2007)

This chapter contains sections titled: CARBOXYLIC ACIDS Tetrahedral Intermediates Intermolecular Catalysis and Reactions Intramolecular Catalysis and Neighbouring-group Participation Association-prefaced Catalysis Metal-ion Catalysis Decarboxylation Enzymic Catalysis NON-CARBOXYLIC ACIDS Phosphorus-containing Acids Sulphur-containing Acids Other Acids
Automatic repeat request schemes for high-speed wireless access systems with constraint of finite control channel capacity (2003)

Automatic Repeat reQuest (ARQ) for the transmission of data blocks using TDMA/TDD is considered. Simulations for two ARQ schemes that perform well under the constraint of finite control channel capacity are shown. The simulations show that Modified Partial Selective Repeat superIMposEd on gbn ARQ (Modified PRIME ARQ) shows superior performance compared to the other ARQ scheme.
Intrinsic defects in silicon carbide LED as a perspective room temperature single photon source in near infrared (2012)

Generation of single photons has been demonstrated in several systems. However, none of them satisfies all the conditions, e.g. room temperature functionality, telecom wavelength operation, high efficiency, as required for practical applications. Here, we report the fabrication of light emitting diodes (LEDs) based on intrinsic defects in silicon carbide (SiC). To fabricate our devices we used a standard semiconductor manufacturing technology in combination with high-energy electron irradiation. The room temperature electroluminescence (EL) of our LEDs reveals two strong emission bands in visible and near infrared (NIR), associated with two different intrinsic defects. As these defects can potentially be generated at a low or even single defect level, our approach can be used to realize electrically driven single photon source for quantum telecommunication and information processing.
ChemInform Abstract: NUCLEOPHILE ACYLIERUNG IN DER KOHLENHYDRATCHEMIE, NEUE VERFAHREN ZUR KETTEN‐VERZWEIGUNG UND ‐VERLAENGERUNG (1973)

Abstract 2‐Methyl‐1,3‐dithian (I) liefert das Anion (II), das zur Ketten‐Verzweigung und ‐Verlängerung von Kohlenhydraten dient.
[Plasma volume determination with ICG dye in changes of intravascular volume. Dye dilution method before and after autologous blood donation and after retransfusion in the human]. (1996)

The mean differences in plasma volume measured by the ICG method both before and after withdrawal and after retransfusion of autologous blood were in good agreement with the withdrawn amount of plasma volume. The large standard deviation has to be considered in clinical assessment of an individual measurement.
Coulomb enhancement of high harmonic generation in monolayer transition-metal dichalcogenides (2023)

High harmonic generation (HHG) in monolayer MoS$_2$ is studied using fully microscopic many-body models based on the semiconductor Dirac-Bloch equations and density functional theory. It is shown that Coulomb correlations lead to a dramatic enhancement of HHG. Especially near the bandgap enhancements of two orders of magnitude or more are observed for a wide range of excitation wavelengths and intensities. For excitation near or above the excitonic resonances the Coulomb interaction leads to spectrally broad sub-floors of the harmonics. The widths of these contributions depends strongly on the dephasing time for polarizations. For times on the order of ten femtoseconds the broadenings are similar to the Rabi energies and reach one eV at fields of about 50 MV/cm. The intensities of these contributions are about four to six orders below the peaks of the harmonics.
Prevention of geranylgeranoic acid-induced apoptosis by phospholipid hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidase gene (2005)

Micromolar concentrations (0.5 approximately 5 microM) of all-trans geranylgeranoic acid (GGA) induced cell death in a guinea pig cell line, 104C1, whereas under the same conditions GGA was unable to kill 104C1/O4C, a clone established from 104C1 cells by transfection of them with the human phospholipid hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidase (PHGPx) gene. GGA (5 microM) induced a loss of the mitochondrial inner membrane potential (DeltaPsim) in 104C1 cells in 2 h, and their apoptotic cell death became evident in 6 h. On the other hand, 104C1/O4C cells were resistant to loss of DeltaPsim and showed intact morphology until at least 24 h after addition of 10 microM GGA. Dihydroethidine, superoxide-sensitive probe, was immediately oxidized 15 min after addition of GGA in both 104C1 and 104C1/O4C cells. The peroxide-sensitive probe 2',7'-dichlorofluorescin diacetate (H2-DCF-DA) was strongly oxidized in 104C1 cells 4 h after the addition of 2.5 microM GGA, but not in 104C1/O4C cells even in the presence of 10 microM GGA. The present results suggest that GGA induced a hyper-production of superoxide and subsequently peroxides, which in turn may have led to dissipation of the DeltaPsim and final apoptotic cell death in 104C1 cells.
Enzyme-specific profiles for genome annotation: PRIAM (2003)

The advent of fully sequenced genomes opens the ground for the reconstruction of metabolic pathways on the basis of the identification of enzyme-coding genes. Here we describe PRIAM, a method for automated enzyme detection in a fully sequenced genome, based on the classification of enzymes in the ENZYME database. PRIAM relies on sets of position-specific scoring matrices ('profiles') automatically tailored for each ENZYME entry. Automatically generated logical rules define which of these profiles is required in order to infer the presence of the corresponding enzyme in an organism. As an example, PRIAM was applied to identify potential metabolic pathways from the complete genome of the nitrogen-fixing bacterium Sinorhizobium meliloti. The results of this automated method were compared with the original genome annotation and visualised on KEGG graphs in order to facilitate the interpretation of metabolic pathways and to highlight potentially missing enzymes.
Object classifiction with recurrent feedback neural networks (2007)

We present a mathematical model of interacting neuron- like units that we call Recurrent Feedback Neuronal Networks (RFNN). Our model is closer to biological neural networks than current approaches (e.g. Layered Neural Networks, Perceptron, etc.). Classification and reasoning in RFNN are accomplished by an iterative algorithm, and learning changes only structure (weights are fixed in RFNN). Thus it emphasizes network structure over edge weights. RFNNs are more flexible and scalable than previous approaches. In particular, integration of a new node can affect the outcome of existing nodes without modifying their prior structure. RFNN can produce informative responses to partial inputs or when the networks are extended to other tasks. It also enables recognition of complex entities (e.g. images) from parts. This new model is promising for future contributions to integrated human-level intelligent applications due to its flexibility, dynamics and structural similarity to natural neuronal networks.
Minimising Collateral Damage (2012)

Investigators often define invasion of privacy as collateral damage. Inquiries that require gathering data from third parties, such as banks, Internet Service Providers (ISPs) or employers are likely to impact the relationship between the data subject and the data controller. In this research a novel privacy-preserving approach to mitigate collateral damage during the acquisition process is presented. This approach is based on existing Private Information Retrieval (PIR) protocols, which cannot be employed in an investigative context. This paper provides analysis of the investigative data acquisition process and proposes three modifications that can enable existing PIR protocols to perform investigative enquiries on large databases, including communication traffic databases maintained by ISPs. IDAP is an efficient Symmetric PIR (SPIR) protocol optimised for the purpose of facilitating public authorities’ enquiries for evidence. It introduces a semi-trusted proxy into the PIR process in order to gain the acceptance of the general public. In addition, the dilution factor is defined as the level of anonymity required in a given investigation. This factor allows investigators to restrict the number of records processed, and therefore, minimise the processing time, while maintaining an appropriate level of privacy.