gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
<title>Normalized-constraint method for minimizing interparameter cross-talk in reconstructed images of spatially heterogeneous scattering and absorption coefficients</title> (2001)

In this report, we present a method to reduce the cross-talk problem in optical tomography. The method described is an extension of a previously reported perturbation formulation related to relative detector values, and employs a weight matrix scaling technique together with a constrained CGD method for imaging reconstruction. Results from numerical and experimental studies using DC measurement data demonstrate that the approach can effectively isolate absorption and scattering heterogeneities, even for complex combinations of perturbations in optical properties. The derive method is remarkably stable to errors originating from an insufficiently accurate estimate of properties of the reference medium.
Purification and molecular characterization of glycylglycine endopeptidase produced by Staphylococcus capitis EPK1 (1997)

A novel staphylolytic enzyme, ALE-1, acting on Staphylococcus aureus, was purified from a Staphylococcus capitis EPK1 culture supernatant. The optimal pH range for staphylolytic activity was 7 to 9. ALE-1 contains one Zn2+ atom per molecule. Analysis of peptidoglycan fragments released by ALE-1 indicated that the enzyme is a glycylglycine endopeptidase. The effects of various modulators were determined, and we found that o-phenanthroline, iodoacetic acid, diethylpyrocarbonate, and Cu2+ reduced the staphylolytic activity of ALE-1. beta-Casein, elastin, and pentaglycine were poor substrates for ALE-1. Molecular cloning data revealed that ALE-1 is composed of 362 amino acid residues and is synthesized as a precursor protein which is cleaved after Ala at position 35, thus producing a mature ALE-1 of 35.6 kDa. The primary structure of mature ALE-1 is very similar to the proenzyme form of lysostaphin. It has the modular design of an N-terminal domain of tandem repeats of a 13-amino-acid sequence fused to the active site containing C-terminal domain. Unlike lysostaphin, ALE-1 does not undergo processing of the N-terminal repeat domain in broth culture. ale-1 is encoded on the plasmid. Protein homology search suggested that ALE-1 and lysostaphin are members of the novel Zn2+ protease family with a homologous 38-amino-acid-long motif, Tyr-X-His-X(11)-Val-X(12/20)-Gly-X(5-6)-His.
Klopsteg Memorial Lecture (August, 1998): Physics at the breakfast table—or waking up to physics (1999)

There are many complex phenomena that are so familiar to us that we forget to ask whether or not they are understood. In this lecture, I will discuss several familiar cases of effects that are so ubiquitous that we hardly realize that they defy our normal intuition about why they happen. The examples of poorly understood classical physics that I will choose can all be viewed at a breakfast table. I will mention the long tendrils left behind by honey spooned from one dish to another, the anomalous flow behavior of granular material, and the annoying rings deposited by spilled coffee on a table after the liquid evaporates. These are all nonlinear hydrodynamic phenomena which not only are of technological importance but can also lead the inquisitive into new realms of physics.
Gene expression patterns of oncogenic signaling pathways provide a novel approach to targeted therapeutics in advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) (2007)

7503 Gene expression profiles reflect unique aspects of individual tumors and may characterize tumor heterogeneity in NSCLC. We used gene expression signatures that reflect the deregulation of major oncogenic signaling pathways (Ras, PI3 kinase, Akt, Src, β-catenin, E2F, and Myc) to identify patterns of pathway activation in 118 samples from patients with recurrent (n = 69) and metastatic (n = 49) NSCLC. These individuals, in particular, the patients with metastatic disease are likely to be resistant to standard chemotherapy pointing to the need for alternative therapeutic options. As one approach to this challenge, we used Affymetrix expression data to identify patterns of pathway deregulation in patients with advanced (recurrent/metastatic) disease and compared them to our previously described data on early stage NSCLC (n = 91). Unique to the recurrent and metastatic disease cohorts, a majority of the tumors (greater than 80%) had deregulation of multiple signaling pathways. In particluar, NSCLC tumors with deregulated Src and Myc pathways had a much worse prognosis than those with deregulated Ras and Akt pathways [median survival: 15.5 months vs. 55.3 months, hazard ratio: 2.6, p &lt; 0.01]. Further, using cell proliferation assays, we have shown that the predicted deregulation of Ras, Src and PI3K pathways was directly proportional (p &lt; 0.01, log rank test) to the sensitivity of NSCLC cell lines (n = 17) to agents that specifically target these pathways, suggesting that an ability to profile the status of oncogenic pathways in a tumor sample provides an opportunity to better characterize the oncogenic process in patients with recurrent and advanced NSCLC. More importantly, such a strategy provides a novel approach to targeted therapeutics in NSCLC by guiding the appropriate use of pathway specific inhibitors. Finally, data on gene expression patterns involving other signatures representing unique cancer biology relevant to NSCLC (e.g. hypoxia, chromosomal instability, and angiogenesis) will be also be presented. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Usage of Internet-Based Career Support (2006)

The contemporary era of shifting employment arrangements invites more career self-management and greater individualized career support over the Internet. This study examines the usage of one such Web-based career support (WBCS) system, within an almost ideal setting for the usage of such technology: the information technology (IT) sector. The WBCS system was designed to support aspiring European IT professionals to make a career change toward or within the IT sector. A careful monitoring of the actual usage of the system showed, however, that full usage of the system was not reached. Although a large number of people signed up for the free-of-charge system, the actual usage of the system's career functionalities was quite limited. In the discussion section, this discrepancy between assumed career support needs and actual use is explored.
Solar Assisted Gasification: Systematic Analysis and Numerical Simulation (2010)

Hybrid solar thermo-chemical conversion process is a viable route to produce clean fuel using any carbonaceous material as feedstock and solar radiation to provide energy for endothermic reactions. The steam gasification of carbonaceous material under high energy solar flux provides a thermo-chemical pathway to produce syngas fuel i.e. hydrogen (H 2 ) and carbon monoxide (CO). Therefore, in this study a steady state model of entrained flow gasifier is simulated utilizing direct solar irradiation as process energy for endothermic reactions inside reactor. Lagrangian approach is used to inject coal particulates in the reactor which immediately undergoes devolatalization and finally steam (H 2 O) gasified. Species transport equations are solved for the concentration of H 2 , CO 2 , CO, H 2 O and nitrogen (N 2 ) as well as the heterogeneous reaction of char (C/fixed carbon) with steam. DO radiation model is applied to simulate 5KW of solar radiation through an optical window inside the reactor. Steady state mass and energy balance are solved to determine the reactor temperature and the composition of product syngas. The resulting problem is then simulated by finite volume method to solve governing mass, momentum, energy and species transport equation. Validation is accomplished by comparing the trends of simulated results with systematic analysis and experiment. The resultant H 2 : CO and CO: CO 2 ratios are computed to be 1.83 and 9.42 respectively. The cold gas efficiency is calculated, which is found to be 105.21% showing the upgraded heating value of product gases by virtue of direct solar radiation.
Iota-carrageenan and xylitol inhibit SARS-CoV-2 in Vero cell culture (2021)

Last year observed a global pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus 2) infection affecting millions of individuals worldwide. There is an urgent unmet need to provide an easily producible and affordable medicine to prevent transmission and provide early treatment for this disease. Since the nasal cavity and the rhinopharynx are the sites of initial replication of SARS-CoV-2, a nasal spray may be an effective option to target SARS-CoV-2 infection. In this study, we tested the antiviral action of three candidate nasal spray formulations against SARS-CoV-2 in vitro. We determined that iota-carrageenan in concentrations as low as 6 μg/mL inhibits SARS-CoV-2 in vitro. The concentrations of iota-carrageenan with activity against SARS-CoV-2 in vitro may be easily achieved through the application of nasal sprays as commonly used in several countries. Recently a double-blind, placebo-controlled study showed that iota-carrageenan in isotonic sodium chloride reduces ca. five times the risk of infection by SARS-CoV-2 in health care personnel. Further, xylitol at a concentration of 50 mg/mL (ca. 329 mM) was found to exert some antiviral action, though this preliminary finding needs further confirmation.
Peptide recognition, T cell receptor usage and HLA restriction elements of human heat‐shock protein (hsp) 60 and mycobacterial 65‐kDa hsp‐reactive T cell clones from rheumatoid synovial fluid (1992)

A commonly held postulate regarding the etiology of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is that of antigenic mimicry. Recent interest has focused on the mycobacterial 65-kDa heat-shock protein (hsp) as a putative causal agent. The 65-kDa hsp has over 40% sequence homology with the human hsp 60, and elevated synovial T cell responses to both antigens have been demonstrated in RA and juvenile rheumatoid arthritis patients. Such T cells should, therefore, be specific for shared epitopes on the two antigens. To investigate this, we screened synovial fluid mononuclear cells from two early RA patients with peptides of the 65-kDa hsp which have the greatest homology with the human hsp 60. We also raised a panel of T cell clones from one of the patients with the 65-kDa hsp. The synovial T cell population from both patients and one of the T cell clones recognized a peptide representing the amino-acid sequence 241-255. This clone also responded to the peptide of the equivalent human sequence, and was restricted by HLA-DQ. A second T cell clone recognized an adjacent epitope (amino acid sequence 251-265) which is also highly homologous with the human sequence, but this clone was restricted by HLA-DR. The clones utilized different V beta gene segments but the same D beta and J beta gene elements, and both exhibited specific cytotoxicity against autologous antigen-pulsed macrophages. Our findings, therefore, do not disagree with the postulate that autoimmune disease could possibly be triggered by bacterial epitopes with homology to self protein. However, it is also noted that there are alternative interpretations of this data.
Preparation of 5-Aminothiazole-4-carboxylic Acid Derivatives (1971)

Cyclization of 2-acylamino-2-thiocarbamoylacetamides (Va, b) with acetic formic anhydride gave good yields of 5-formamidothiazole-4-carboxamides (VIa, b) which were converted to 5-aminothiazole-4-carboxamides (VIIa, b) by hydrolysis. For the purpose of the preparation of the free base (VIIa), however, cyclization of Va with polyphosphoric acid was proved to give better result, that is, heating of Va-c and ethyl 2-acylamino-2-thiocarbamoylacetates (Vd-f) in polyphosphoric acid gave VIIa-c and ethyl 5-aminothiazole-4-carboxylates (VIId-f) in excellent yields. 5-Aminothiazole-4-carbonitriles (VIIg, h) were prepared by treatment of Va, b with phosphorus oxychloride.
Equalization of multi-cylinder electrohydraulic systems (2000)

The electrohydraulic (EH) synchronized motion of two linear ram type hydraulic actuators is considered in this paper. Load and hydraulic component uncertainties are limiting the synchronization performance of open-loop type control approaches. A synchronizing adaptive robust control (ARC) algorithm is proposed to improve synchronization performance. Simulation results verified the effectiveness of the proposed ARC method as compared to the deterministic robust control (DRC) method.
PREPARATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF TRIS(3,3-DIMETHYLBUTNYL) PHOSPHINE COMPLEXES OF GROUP VI METAL CARBONYLS (1974)

Abstract The preparation arid characterization of a series of compounds of the type M(CO)6-nLn; where M =Cr, n =1 and M =Mo or W, n =1,2, or 3 for L =P[C=CC(CH3)3]3 is reported. Infrared and phosphorus-31 magnetic resonance data for these complexes are discussed.
Component Technologies for Ultra-High-Voltage 4H-SiC pin Diode (2011)

Forward voltage drops of carbon implanted and thermal oxidized pin diode with thick drift layer are investigated to evaluate the effect on the lifetime. The forward voltage drops of the carbon implanted and thermal oxidized pin diodes with drift layer of 120 μm thick were around 4.0 V. Furthermore, blocking characteristics of 4H-SiC pin diodes with mesa-JTE, which were fabricated on C-face and Si-face substrates, are also investigated. The breakdown voltages of pin diodes with 250 μm and 100 μm epitaxial layers are 17.1 kV and 10.9 kV, respectively.
Kosmotrope-like Hydration Behavior of Polyethylene Glycol from Microcalorimetry and Binding Isotherm Measurements (2013)

Polyethylene glycol (PEG) at various molecular weights (MWs) has been regarded as a wonder molecule in biomedical applications. For instance, PEG serves as a unique moiety for pegylation of "biobetter" drug development, PEG provides controlled-release and preserved activity of biologics, and PEG modified surface works as an antibiofouling surface. The primary characteristics of PEG molecules used in relevant applications have been attributed mainly to the hydration behavior in aqueous solutions. However, the effects on the solvation of solutes in solution caused by presenting PEG molecules as a cosolvent, as well as the thermodynamics aspect of the hydration behavior of PEG in solution, have not been well documented. The solvation behavior of solutes, such as protein, with PEG as a cosolvent, indicates the success of PEG applications, such as biofouling and controlled release. In this investigation, we examined the effects of a buffer solution containing PEG molecules on the solution behavior of solute and the interactions between solid surfaces with solutes. We adapted the study by selecting a lysozyme as a solute in a buffer solution with either ammonium sulfate (kosmotrope) or sodium chloride (chaotrope) and anionic resin (SP-Sepharose) as solid surfaces. The experiments primarily involved binding equilibrium measurements and thermodynamics analysis. The results revealed that, in both saline buffers, adding PEG increases the binding affinity between the lysozyme and the resin, similar to kosmotropic salt in the examined salt concentrations. The thermodynamics analyses involving microcalorimetric measurements show that the bindings are mainly driven by enthalpy, indicating that electrostatic interaction was the primary binding force under these experimental conditions. The variations of the enthalpy and entropy of the binding thermodynamics when adding PEG to different salt types in the buffer solution showed opposite behavior, and the results support the concept of kosmotrope-like behavior of PEG. The equilibrium and thermodynamics data demonstrate that PEG has a kosmotrope-like hydration behavior, and the extent of kosmotrope-like behavior depends on the molecular weight of PEG with the outcomes of various molecular weights of PEG being added to the binding solution. The results of this study provide essential knowledge for PEG as an additive (or cosolvent) in various research applications.
Maximum Probability of Successful Transmission in a Random Planar Packet Radio Network. (1983)

Curcumin is a natural antioxidant that is isolated from turmeric (Curcuma longa) and exhibits strong free radical scavenging activity, thus functional for anti-aging. However, poor stability and low solubility of curcumin in aqueous conditions limit its biomedical applications. Previous studies have shown that the anti-oxidation activity of curcumin embedded in silk fibroin films could be well preserved, resulting in the promoted adipogenesis from human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) cultured on the surface of the films. In the present study, curcumin was encapsulated in both silk fibroin films (silk/cur films) and nanoparticles (silk/cur NPs), and their anti-aging effects were compared with free curcumin in solution, with an aim to elucidate the mechanism of anti-aging of silk-associated curcumin and to better serve biomedical applications in the future. The morphology and structure of silk/cur film and silk/cur NP were characterized using SEM, FTIR and DSC, indicating characteristic stable beta-sheet structure formation in the materials. Strong binding of curcumin molecules to the beta-sheet domains of silk fibroin resulted in the slow release of curcumin with well-preserved activity from the materials. For cell aging studies, rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (rBMSCs) were cultured in the presence of free curcumin (FC), silk/cur film and silk/cur NP, and cell proliferation and markers of aging (P53, P16, HSP70 gene expression and β-Galactosidase activity) were examined. The results indicated that cell aging was retarded in all FC, silk/cur NP and silk/cur film samples, with the silk-associated curcumin superior to the FC.
Acyclovir-induced nephrotoxicity in a patient with acute retinal necrosis. (2007)

A 50-year-old woman developed rapidly progressive acute renal failure on the first day after the administration of intravenous acyclovir for acute left retinal necrosis. Intravenous acyclovir was stopped and replaced with intravitreal injections of ganciclovir sodium (2 mg/0.05 mL) and foscarnet (1.2 mg/0.05 mL) 3 times per week for 4 weeks. Acyclovir-induced renal impairment can be reversed if recognised early and treated with careful, timely body fluid replacement. The necrotising retinitis responded well to intravitreal antiviral agents. No complications were seen at the 6 months' follow-up. Constant vigilance is essential for avoiding acute renal failure when treating ophthalmic conditions with intravenous acyclovir. Systematic monitoring of renal function, urine output, and characteristic symptoms like loin pain is warranted.
Molecular basis and mechanisms of drug resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis: classical and new drugs (2011)

Tuberculosis (TB) remains one of the leading public health problems worldwide. Declared as a global emergency in 1993 by the WHO, its control is hampered by the emergence of multidrug resistance (MDR), defined as resistance to at least rifampicin and isoniazid, two key drugs in the treatment of the disease. More recently, severe forms of drug resistance such as extensively drug-resistant (XDR) TB have been described. After the discovery of several drugs with anti-TB activity, multidrug therapy became fundamental for control of the disease. Major advances in molecular biology and the availability of new information generated after sequencing the genome of Mycobacterium tuberculosis increased our knowledge of the mechanisms of resistance to the main anti-TB drugs. Better knowledge of the mechanisms of drug resistance in TB and the molecular mechanisms involved will help us to improve current techniques for rapid detection and will also stimulate the exploration of new targets for drug activity and drug development. This article presents an updated review of the mechanisms and molecular basis of drug resistance in M. tuberculosis. It also comments on the several gaps in our current knowledge of the molecular mechanisms of drug resistance to the main classical and new anti-TB drugs and briefly discusses some implications of the development of drug resistance and fitness, transmission and pathogenicity of M. tuberculosis.
Effect of induced electric field on single-file reverse osmosis (2009)

We investigated the effect of the electric field on single-file reverse osmosis (RO) water flux using molecular dynamics simulations. The electric field is generated by introducing oppositely charged biomolecules to the salt solution and pure water chambers attached to the nanopore. Simulation results indicate that an electric field in the direction of RO enhances the water flux while in the direction opposite to RO it suppresses the water flux. When the RO water flux is enhanced, the single-file water dipoles are aligned in the direction of the electric field. The addition of an electric field in the direction of RO led to a flux of 3 water molecules ns(-1) by constantly maintaining water dipole vectors in the direction of the electric field, and this water flux is superimposed on the pressure driven water flux.
Synthesis and Characterization of Magnetite-Gold Core-Shell Nanoparticles (2010)

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2010 in Portland, Oregon, USA, August 1 – August 5, 2010.
Adjustable speed drives improve circulating water system (1994)

This paper illustrates the integration of electrical and mechanical engineering requirements to produce a solution to past problems and future operating demands. The application of adjustable speed drives in the modifications or the circulating water system at Indian Point No. 3 nuclear power plant provided increased operating flexibility, efficiency and avoided otherwise costly renovations to the plant electrical system. Rectification or the original inadequate design of the circulating water system, in addition to maximizing plant efficiency consistent with environmental considerations, formed the basis for this modification. This entailed replacement of all six circulating water pumps and motors and physical modifications to the intake system. This paper details the methodology used in this engineering task. The new system was installed successfully and has been operating reliably and economically for the past eight gears.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
CLEAN-ECC (2015)

Adaptive-granularity memory architectures have been considered mainly because of main memory bottleneck and power efficiency. Meanwhile, highly reliable protection schemes are getting popular especially in large computing systems. Unfortunately, conventional ECC mechanisms including Chipkill require a large number of symbols to guarantee strong protection with acceptable overhead. We propose a novel memory protection scheme called CLEAN (Chipkill-LEvel reliable and Access granularity Negotiable), which enables us to balance the contradicting demands of fine-grained (FG) access and strong & efficient ECC. To close a potentially significant detection coverage gap due to CLEAN's detection mechanism coupled with permanent faults, we design a simple mechanism access granularity enforcement. By enforcing coarse-grained (CG) access, we can get only the advantage of higher protection comparable to Chipkill instead of achieving the adaptive access granularity together. CLEAN showed Chipkill level reliability as well as improvement in performance, system and memory power efficiency by up to 11.8%, 10.8% and 64.9% with mixes of SPEC2006 benchmarks.
Virus inactivation during the freeze‐drying processes as used for the manufacture of plasma‐derived medicinal products (2009)

Lyophilization contributes to the safety of plasma derivatives, in particular with the inactivation of HAV. The extent of HAV inactivation is strongly influenced by the respective product matrix rather than the design of the lyophilization cycle, which will require a case-to-case assessment for each product intermediate.