gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Metastable ion characteristics. XXXIII. Long-lived .beta.-phenylethyl and ethylenebenzenium cations in the gas phase (1974)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMetastable ion characteristics. XXXIII. Long-lived .beta.-phenylethyl and ethylenebenzenium cations in the gas phaseN. M. M. Nibbering, Takao Nishishita, C. C. Van de Sande, and F. W. McLaffertyCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1974, 96, 17, 5668–5669Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1974Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1974https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00824a108https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00824a108research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views32Altmetric-Citations27LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Calculation of eigenmodes of tapered gyrotron resonators (1986)

The paper shows the calculation of the resonant frequency, Q-value and field profiles of the eigenmodes of tapered gyrotron resonators, taking into account the coupling of modes induced by the taper. The mode coupling is negligible for taper angles of only a few degrees, but must be taken into account if the taper angle exceeds about 10°.
[Synthesis and pharmacologic study of several spirohydantoins: relation to conformation]. (1988)

Using two routes starting from cyclanones, it has been possible to prepare two series of spirohydantoins substituted or not on the hydantoin nucleus nitrogen. These compounds exhibited low toxicity on pig lens aldose reductase (except for two compounds). A discussion is given on the steric and geometric requirements for effective enzyme inhibiting activity.
Explainable artificial intelligence: an analytical review (2021)

Abstract This paper provides a brief analytical review of the current state‐of‐the‐art in relation to the explainability of artificial intelligence in the context of recent advances in machine learning and deep learning. The paper starts with a brief historical introduction and a taxonomy, and formulates the main challenges in terms of explainability building on the recently formulated National Institute of Standards four principles of explainability. Recently published methods related to the topic are then critically reviewed and analyzed. Finally, future directions for research are suggested. This article is categorized under: Technologies &gt; Artificial Intelligence Fundamental Concepts of Data and Knowledge &gt; Explainable AI
Sighting Dominance and Binocular Rivalry (1978)

Two experiments are reported that attempt to explore systematically the role of sighting dominance during binocular rivalry. Experiment 1 showed that the sighting eye tends to display longer total viewing time, and experiment 2 indicated that this asymmetry remained even when observers had increased experience with rivalrous stimulation. Additional analysis revealed that the average dominance period of the sighting eye was longer than that of the nonsighting eye, resulting in significant sequencing effects during the rivalry process.
Preliminary in vitro evaluation of the first neonatal total artificial heart. (1992)

A neonatal total artificial heart (TAH), used as a bridging device, can offer circulatory support for patients suffering from otherwise insupportable and inoperable congenital cardiac defects. The choice of the 7.0 ml stroke volume (SV) was based on reported studies on cardiac output (CO) requirements and maximum dimensions of a neonate size TAH. This SV will allow a bridging period of up to 10 weeks in the growing neonate. For in vitro testing purposes, "high-profile" ball valves of in-house design (10-13 mm ID) were used. Redesign of the existing in vitro testing systems, including mock circulation and high-flow blood reservoirs, was required for the smaller device. Mock circulation studies (rates 90-160 BPM, full-fill and ejection modes) showed adequate device performance, with CO values well above the reported marginal output value of 139 ml/kg/min.
Sjögren Keratoconjunctivitis Sicca Treated With Rituximab (2007)

We demonstrate improvement in Schirmer test values, tear film breakup time, visual acuity, symptomatology, and vital staining in two patients with refractory queratoconjunctivitis sicca secondary to Sjögren syndrome. It is probable that drugs like rituximab could be of help in patients in unresponsive cases of keratoconjunctivitis sicca secondary to Sjögren syndrome. This case report serves as the basis to justify a multicenter, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial.
Evaluation on Casting Material Characteristics of Aluminum Alloy and Mild Steel for Tire Mold Manufacturing by Casting Method (2008)

Abstract 본 연구에서는 유한요소법을 적용한 수치해석을 이용하여 타이어 제조용 금형을 생산하기 위해 사용되는 주조재의 열적 특성에 관하여 조사해 보았다. 고 품질의 정밀도가 좋은 타이어를 제조하기 위해, 일반적으로 타이어 제조용 금형의주조재로 많이 사용되고 있는 알루미늄 합금과 비교 대상으로 연강을 선정하여 각각의 주조재에 대한 응고과정에서의 온도분포와 응력분포 결과를 수치적으로 계산해 보고 결과를 예측해 보았다. 수치해석을 통한 결과에서, 알루미늄 합금을사용한 금형의 냉각과정 동안의 온도분포는 연강에 비해 보다 더 안정적으로 나타나는 것을 확인하였으며, 응력분포 결과 또한 알루미늄 합금 금형이 연강에 비해 정밀도를 향상시키고 좋은 품질의 제품을 얻는 데 보다 나은 것으로 나타났다. 그리고 금형의 온도분포와 응력분포는 금형의 냉각과정 동안 주조재의 초기 냉각온도에 의해 크게 영향을 받는 것으로사료된다. 마지막으로, 이러한 수치해석에 의한 금형의 열적 특성 예측은 향후 고품질, 고정밀도의 금형 생산을 위한 예비성능평가 방법과 경제적 측면에서 매우 유용하게 활용할 수 있을 것으로 보인다.Key words : Finite Element Method, Aluminum alloy, Mild Steel, Casting Mold, Thermal Stress.(Received July 21, 2008 ; Accepted August 26, 2008) 1. Introduction It is a modern trend that casting products are madehighly functional and precise, and the competitiveness ofthe final products depends on the design technology for thecasting process and the temperature profile of the casting [1].In order to mass-product high value-added and preciseproducts, die casting or low pressure die casting method isused. In the casting process, it is also very important forestimating the metal structure and quality of the endproducts to know the change of temperature by the time [2].In addition, when the casting is cooled, the temperatureprofile of the casting and the growth rate of thesolidification interface play a very important role indetermining fine structure and mechanical and physicalproperties of the casting. And, it is necessary to accuratelyunderstand the heat transfer characteristic at the castingmold interface in order to predict and control thesetemperature profile and solidification interface growth rate.So, many researches for this have been reported in theliterature. Vijayaram et al., investigated the numericalsimulation of casting solidification in permanent metallicmolds [3]. Also, numerical simulation of filling andsolidification of permanent mold casting was investigatedby Shepel et al [4]. Moreover, since the 1990s, the moldmaterial has been substituted from general mild steel toaluminum alloy to improve the quality of the casting mold.However, a general structure has not yet been established toaccurately measure the amount of shrinkage and the sizechange by predicting the temperature profile by the timewhile the mold is solidified. Therefore, in the present study,sectional mold which consisted of 8 pieces with the sameshape is selected as an analysis model because it is usuallyused to the manufacturing industry of tire mold. Toinvestigate the evaluation on casting material characteristicsof aluminum alloy and mild steel during casting process, isused numerical analysis for applying a finite elementmethod. Especially, temperature and stress distributionsinside the aluminum alloy and mild steel is calculated bynumerical method and thermal characteristics of aluminumalloy compared with those of mild steel, respectively.
Sandwich Beam with a Periodical and Graded Core Manufactured Using Rapid Prototyping (2007)

This article presents a technique for the production of graded sandwich cores, and a study of the effect of lengthwise grading of core properties for the facilitation of transverse loading. A significant failure mode of sandwich panels is caused by indentation of the foam core in regions at which local forces are introduced into the sandwich panel. The aim of this work is to synthesize a microstructure that can diminish this failure mode. By applying a rapid prototyping technique a periodic, open beam structure is synthesized. Additionally, the structure has been graded in the longitudinal direction by alternating over the beam diameter. The structure obtained is joined to aluminium face sheets to form a sandwich beam. The panel has been subjected to a three point bending test and the results have been compared to a finite element model, and further indentation tests show an increased transverse stiffness in the strengthened part of the beam.
Saccharin as a salt former. Enhanced solubilities of saccharinates of active pharmaceutical ingredients (2005)

Saccharin, acting as a weak acid, forms salts with basic APIs and these salts have the desirable property of enhanced water solubility.
Ruthenium-Nitrosyl Complexes with Glycine, l-Alanine, l-Valine, l-Proline, d-Proline, l-Serine, l-Threonine, and l-Tyrosine: Synthesis, X-ray Diffraction Structures, Spectroscopic and Electrochemical Properties, and Antiproliferative Activity (2014)

The reactions of [Ru(NO)Cl5](2-) with glycine (Gly), L-alanine (L-Ala), L-valine (L-Val), L-proline (L-Pro), D-proline (D-Pro), L-serine (L-Ser), L-threonine (L-Thr), and L-tyrosine (L-Tyr) in n-butanol or n-propanol afforded eight new complexes (1-8) of the general formula [RuCl3(AA-H)(NO)](-), where AA = Gly, L-Ala, L-Val, L-Pro, D-Pro, L-Ser, L-Thr, and L-Tyr, respectively. The compounds were characterized by elemental analysis, electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS), (1)H NMR, UV-visible and ATR IR spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry, and X-ray crystallography. X-ray crystallography studies have revealed that in all cases the same isomer type (from three theoretically possible) was isolated, namely mer(Cl),trans(NO,O)-[RuCl3(AA-H)(NO)], as was also recently reported for osmium analogues with Gly, L-Pro, and D-Pro (see Z. Anorg. Allg. Chem. 2013, 639, 1590-1597). Compounds 1, 4, 5, and 8 were investigated by ESI-MS with regard to their stability in aqueous solution and reactivity toward sodium ascorbate. In addition, cell culture experiments in three human cancer cell lines, namely, A549 (nonsmall cell lung carcinoma), CH1 (ovarian carcinoma), and SW480 (colon carcinoma), were performed, and the results are discussed in conjunction with the lipophilicity of compounds.
Controlled release of riboflavin and insulin through crosslinked poly(vinyl alcohol)/chitosan blend membrane (1992)

Abstract The permeation of riboflavin and insulin through poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) and chitosan blend membrane was conducted. The permeability coefficients of both solutes through the crosslinked PVA and chitosan blend membrane were in the order of 10 −6 −10 −7 cm 3 cm/cm 2 s and showed a pH dependence. The pH‐dependent permeation behavior was discussed in terms of water content and water structure inside of the swollen membrane. Riboflavin and insulin were presumed to permeate through the free water region in the swollen blend membrane. The DSC thermograms of these membranes indicated that the content of free water and the amount of freezing bound water increased with the water content in the membrane. The greater permeation rate of solutes in acidic solution rather than in neutral solution was due to an increase in both water content and the amount of free water and freezing bound water.
Adaptive Algorithm via a Truncated Least Squares Method (1990)

A truncated least squares method (TLSM) is proposed for the on-line parameter estimation of linear regression models. The method depends on the truncated data which is a collection of the last M observations. Here, M is any number greater than N which is a number of unknown parameters in a regression model. With a suitable initial setting, the algorithm always satisfies the normal equation of the TLSM. Under the ideal circumstance where there is no uncertainty, the algorithm converges to its true value in a finite steps M. So, if M equals to N, the TLSM gives a minimum steps estimator. The case M=N coincides with the orthogonal projection adaptive algorithm proposed by the author.
Analysis of Nifedipine and Related Compounds in Soft Geletin Capsules by Liquid Chromatography (1991)

A simple, sensitive, highly specific, stability-indicating, reversed-phase HPLC method for the quantitation of nifedipine and its related compounds such as nitrophenyl pyridine, nitrosophenyl pyridine analogs with average recoveries greater than 100% were obtained using a mobile phase methanol-water (55:45, v/v) at 265 nm.
Mycoplasma Phosphoenolpyruvate-Dependent Sugar Phosphotransferase System: Purification and Characterization of Enzyme I (1977)

The Mycoplasma phosphoenolpyruvate-dependent sugar phosphotransferase system consists of three components: a membrane-bound enzyme II, a soluble phosphocarrier protein (HPr), and a soluble enzyme I. The soluble enzyme I was purified by ammonium sulfate fractionation; Bio-Gel P-10 gel filtration; acid precipitation; diethylaminoethyl-Bio-Gel A; and Bio-Gel HTP column chromatography. The enzyme I was shown to be homogeneous by electrophoresis in a pH 8.9 non-sodium dodecyl sulfate gel and by isoelectric focusing. Whereas the protein moved as a single component in both the non-sodium dodecyl sulfate gel and isoelectric focusing, on sodium dodecyl sulfate gels, it moved as three subcomponents. The molecular weights of the three subunits, alpha, beta, and gamma, were 44,500, 62,000 and 64,500, respectively. The holoprotein moved as a single component, in the region of 220,000 daltons, in a Bio-Gel A 0.5-agarose column. The molar ratio of subunits was estimated to be 2alpha:1beta:1gamma. The elution characteristics on a diethylaminoethyl column at pH 7.4 and 6.8, acid precipitation data, and amino acid composition indicated that the protein is acidic. Isoelectric focusing occurred at pH 4.8. N-terminal amino acids determined by the dansyl chloride method indicated that glycine, alanine, and tyrosine are N-terminal amino acids of the three subunits. Although the protein was stable for at least 14 months at -20 degrees C, it was irreversibly inactivated by the thiol reagent N-ethyl-maleimide.
Ambiguïtés Irréductibles dans les Monoïdes de Mots (2003)

The starting point of this study is that the written form of certain South-East Asian languages does not use spaces between words, thus complicating their automatic processing. This is particularly the case on the syllabic level, where generally the text cannot be cut up uniquely. From the formal combinatorics point of view, the syllabic system of these languages is not a code. We will focus on the origin of the splitting ambiguities, more specifically on the inventory of the so-called irreducible ambiguities, in the sense that all others originate from them. We prove that the language of irreducible ambiguities is rational. Then we present a method to compute one of its regular expressions, illustrating the method with the experience of its application to the Lao language.
Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Fluorescent Leishmanicidal Analogues of Hexadecylphosphocholine (Miltefosine) as Probes of Antiparasite Mechanisms (2007)

The leishmanicidal mechanism of miltefosine (hexadecylphosphocholine, MT) is not clearly understood. Valuable insights into its mode of action could be obtained by fluorescence techniques, given suitably emitting analogues. In this regard, the synthesis and biological characterization of two fully competent MT fluorescent analogues is reported here: all-(E)-13-phenyltrideca-6,8,10,12-tetraenylphosphocholine (PTE-MT) and all-(E)-13-phenyltrideca-8,10,12-trien-6-ynylphosphocholine (PTRI-MT). Both compounds show large absorption coefficients and a modest, but usable, fluorescence yield. Their activities were very similar to that of MT and were recognized by the MT uptake system of Leishmania. Their localization in living L. donovani promastigotes by confocal microscopy show a homogeneous intracellular distribution of the fluorescence. The concentration of PTRI-MT within the parasites (ca. 1.7 mM) showed a 100-fold enrichment relative to its external concentration. These results are consistent with a multiple target leishmanicidal mechanism for MT and validate the application of these analogues for pharmacokinetic and diagnostic studies concerning the chemotherapy of leishmaniasis.
Peroxisome Proliferator-activated Receptor α (PPARα) Influences Substrate Utilization for Hepatic Glucose Production (2002)

The hypoglycemia seen in the fasting PPARalpha null mouse is thought to be due to impaired liver fatty acid beta-oxidation. The etiology of hypoglycemia in the PPARalpha null mouse was determined via stable isotope studies. Glucose, lactate, and glycerol flux was assessed in the fasted and fed states in 4-month-old PPARalpha null mice and in C57BL/6 WT maintained on standard chow using a new protocol for flux assessment in the fasted and fed states. Hepatic glucose production (HGP) and glucose carbon recycling were estimated using [U-(13)C(6)]glucose, and HGP, lactate, and glycerol turnover was estimated utilizing either [U-(13)C(3)]lactate or [2-(13)C]glycerol infused subcutaneously via Alza miniosmotic pumps. At the end of a 17-h fast, HGP was higher in the PPARalpha null mice than in WT by 37% (p < 0.01). However, recycling of glucose carbon from lactate back to glucose was lower in the PPARalpha null than in WT (39% versus 51%, p < 0.02). The lack of conversion of lactate to glucose was confirmed using an [U-(13)C(3)]lactate infusion. In the fasted state, HGP from lactate and lactate production were decreased by 65 and 55%, respectively (p < 0.05) in PPARalpha null mice. In contrast, when [2-(13)C]glycerol was infused, glycerol production and HGP from glycerol increased by 80 and 250%, respectively (p < 0.01), in the fasted state of PPARalpha null mice. The increased HGP from glycerol was not suppressed in the fed state. While little change was evident for phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) expression, pyruvate kinase expression was decreased 16-fold in fasted PPARalpha null mice as compared with the wild-type control. The fasted and fed insulin levels were comparable, but blood glucose levels were lower in the PPARalpha null mice than in controls. In conclusion, PPARalpha receptor function creates a setpoint for a metabolic network that regulates the rate and route of HGP in the fasted and fed states, in part, by controlling the flux of glycerol and lactate between the triose-phosphate and pyruvate/lactate pools.
The Deposition of Polycrystalline SiGe with Different Ge Precursors (2006)

This paper reports on the development of poly-SiGe deposition in single wafer CVD systems. First silane and germane are used as precursors. The deposition temperature ranges from 500ºC to 610ºC. The film composition, texture, deposition rate, and surface morphology have been studied for a range of deposition conditions. Since the cracking temperature of GeH 4 is much lower than that of SiH 4 , it is not straightforward to reach higher than 70% Ge. A new Ge precursor, Dimethyl (Amino) Germanium Trichloride (DMAGeCl), is developed to extend the Ge concentration range. The deposition of poly-SiGe with silane and the new Ge precursor, DMAGeCl, is studied. The results about the film composition, texture and deposition rate are reported. Poly-SiGe films with Ge content up to 80% are easily achieved.
Effect of urban soil compaction on infiltration rate (2006)

ABSTRACT: Inadvertent soil compaction at the urban lot scale is a process that reduces infiltration rates, which can lead to increased stormwater runoff. This is particularly important in low impact development strategies where stormwater is intended to infiltrate rather than flow through a traditional stormwater network to a detention basin. The effect of compaction on infiltration rates on sandy soils in North Central Florida was measured with a double ring infiltrometer on urban construction sites and across various levels of compaction. Average non-compacted infiltration rates ranged from 377 to 634 mm hr−1 (14.8 to 25.0 in hr−1) for natural forest, from 637 to 652 mm hr−1 (25.1 to 25.7 in hr−1) for planted forest, and 225 mm hr−1 (8.9 in hr−1) for pasture sites. Average infiltration rates on compacted soils ranged 8.175 mm hr−1 (0.3-6.9 in hr−1), 160 to 188 mm hr−1 (6.3 to 7.4 in hr−1), and 23 mm hr−1 (0.9 in hr−1) for the same respective sites. Although there was wide variability in infiltration rates across both compacted and non-compacted sites, construction activity or compaction treatments reduced infiltration rates 70 to 99 percent. Maximum compaction as measured with a cone penetrometer occurred in the 20 to 30 cm (7.9 to 11.8 in) depth range. When studying the effect of different levels of compaction due to light and heavy construction equipment, it was not as important how heavy the equipment was but whether compaction occurred at all. Infiltration rates on compacted soils were generally much lower than the design storm infiltration rate of 254 mm hr−1 (10.0 inches hr−1) for the 100-yr, 24-hr storm used in the region. This implies that construction activity in this region increases the potential for runoff and the need for large stormwater conveyance networks not only due to the increase in impervious area associated with development but also because the compacted pervious area effectively approaches the infiltration behavior of an impervious surface.
Silicon nanopillars formed with gold colloidal particle masking (1998)

Silicon nanopillars were fabricated by a novel natural lithography technique utilizing a gold colloidal particle monolayer as an etch mask. Using SiCl4 based reactive ion etching (RIE), silicon nanopillars with high density and uniformity in height and shape were obtained with 15 and 10 nm diam gold colloidal particles. The uniform pillars obtained from the 15 nm colloidal gold etch mask were subsequently sharpened to less than 5 nm diam tips by oxidation. 5 nm diam colloids were used to obtain nonuniform 5 nm diam pillars directly by RIE, but with 2 nm colloids the limit of pillar formation was reached. The pillars were also fabricated in selected areas by lithographic patterning of the substrate.