gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Photocatalytic hydrogen evolution from carbon-neutral oxalate with 2-phenyl-4-(1-naphthyl)quinolinium ion and metal nanoparticles (2012)

Photocatalytic hydrogen evolution has been made possible by using oxalate as a carbon-neutral electron source, metal nanoparticles as hydrogen-evolution catalysts and the 2-phenyl-4-(1-naphthyl)quinolinium ion (QuPh(+)-NA), which forms the long-lived electron-transfer state upon photoexcitation, as a photocatalyst. The hydrogen evolution was conducted in a deaerated mixed solution of an aqueous buffer and acetonitrile (MeCN) [1:1 (v/v)] by photoirradiation (λ > 340 nm). The gas evolved during the photocatalytic reaction contained H(2) and CO(2) in a molar ratio of 1:2, indicating that oxalate acts as a two-electron donor. The hydrogen yield based on the amount of oxalate reached more than 80% under pH conditions higher than 6. Ni and Ru nanoparticles as well as Pt nanoparticles act as efficient hydrogen-evolution catalysts in the photocatalytic hydrogen evolution. The photocatalyst for hydrogen evolution can be used several times without significant deactivation of the catalytic activity. Nanosecond laser flash photolysis measurements have revealed that electron transfer from oxalate to the photogenerated QuPh˙-NA˙(+), which forms a π-dimer radical cation with QuPh(+)-NA [(QuPh˙-NA˙(+))(QuPh(+)-NA)], occurs followed by subsequent electron transfer from QuPh˙-NA to the hydrogen-evolution catalyst in the photocatalytic hydrogen evolution. Oxalate acts as an efficient electron source under a wide range of reaction conditions.
Determination of lingual myoarchitecture in whole tissue by NMR imaging of anisotropic water diffusion (1998)

The muscular anatomy of the tongue consists of a complex three-dimensional array of fibers, which together produce the variations of shape and position necessary for deglutition. To define the myoarchitecture of the intact mammalian tongue, we have utilized NMR techniques to assess the location and orientation of muscle fiber bundles through measurement of the direction-specific diffusional properties of water molecules. Whole sheep tongues were excised and imaged with a slice-selective stimulated-echo diffusion sequence in the midline sagittal plane, and three-dimensional diffusion tensors were determined for each voxel. The derived diffusion tensors were depicted graphically as octahedra whose long axes indicate local muscle fiber orientation. Two distinct groups of midline fibers were identified: 1) in-plane sagittal fibers originating in the posteroinferior region of the tongue, radiating with a fanlike projection anteriorly and superiorly and merging with vertically oriented fibers, and 2) cross-plane (transverse) fibers, oriented at right angles to the vertically aligned fibers, predominantly in the anterior and superior regions of the tongue. Regional comparison of diffusion anisotropy revealed uniform and parallel alignment (high anisotropy) in the posteroinferior region of the tongue, corresponding to the base of the genioglossus, and less uniform, orthogonally aligned fibers (low anisotropy) in the anterosuperior region of the tongue, corresponding to the core intrinsic muscles. These data indicate that lingual myoarchitecture, determined through direction-dependent mobility of water molecules, can be depicted as discrete regions of muscle fibers, whose orientation and extent of diffusion anisotropy predict local contractility.
Pilot Scale Demonstration of Technologies for Enhancing Production of Sugar and Ethanol from Sugarcane (2018)

サトウキビを原料としたバイオエタノールの生産は，温室効果ガス排出低減に効果があるといわれる一方で，砂糖生産との原料の取り合いによる食料競合の問題が指摘されている．既往研究では，製糖工場に多収性サトウキビ品種と砂糖・エタノール複合生産プロセスという2つの新技術を同時に導入することによって，砂糖とエタノールの同時増産が可能であることがシミュレーション上で示されている．しかしながら，実際に技術を導入するためにはプラント規模での実証試験が必要である．本研究では，沖縄県伊江島において，サトウキビ栽培から砂糖・エタノール複合生産までの実証試験をパイロット規模で実施し，7種類のサトウキビを原料とした場合の物質収支データを取得した．そして，サトウキビの原料組成が各工程に与える影響を明らかにするとともに，砂糖とエタノールの同時増産が達成可能であることを実証した．
Degradation Products in Acute Experimental Pulmonary Embolism (2017)

degradation products (FDP) have been reported in patients with acute pulmonary embolism.’7 The mechanism for the raised levels of FDP is uncertain but could include lysis of the fibrin in the original embolus, lysis of fibrin which has been subsequently deposited, or a combination of both mechanisms. We have investigated this question in experimental pulmonary embolism and have obtained results suggesting that the raised levels of FDP were due mainly to lysis of newly accreted fibrin rather than to lysis of the original embolus itself.
Patient image retrieval: an object-oriented coupled knowledge-based/database approach (1992)

One of the challenging design problems in picture archiving and communication systems (PACS) is to extend information retrieval technologies to handle multimedia information retrieval. This paper presents an object-oriented coupled knowledge-base/database design of an image retrieval expert system (IRES) that retrieves relevant previous patient images to aid the diagnosing of new patient images using PACS technology. A synthesized object-oriented entity-relationship (SOOER) methodology has been developed to derive the design of IRES. This methodology has several features unique to the family of object-oriented knowledge-base design methods and is applicable to general expert system and other multimedia information systems applications.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Super-secondary structure peptidomimetics: design and synthesis of an α–α hairpin analogue (2013)

The α–α helix motif presents key recognition domains in protein–protein and protein–oligonucleotide binding, and is one of the most common super-secondary structures. Herein, we describe the design, synthesis and structural characterisation of an α–α hairpin analogue based on a tetra-coordinated Pd(II) bis-(iminoisoquinoline) complex as a template for the display of two α-helix mimics. This approach is exemplified by the attachment of two biphenyl peptidomimetics to reproduce the side chains of the i and i+4 residues of two helices.
Rekonstruktive Verfahren bei Fazialisparese (2009)

Patients with chronic facial palsy first need an exact classification of the palsy etiology. A standardised clinical examination, if necessary MRI imaging and an electromyographic examination allow a determination of the severity of the palsy and the functional deficits. Considering the patient's desire, age and life expectancy an individual surgical concept using three main categories is developed: a) early reconstruction of extratemporal reconstruction, b) early reconstruction of proximal lesions or impossibility of extratemporal reconstruction or c) late reconstruction or congenital palsy. Twelve to 24 months after the last step of surgical reconstruction a standardised evaluation of the therapeutic result is recommended on the one hand to evaluate the necessity for adjuvant procedures and on the other hand as a tool of quality management and to develop new techniques in this field of relatively of infrequent surgery. Principally, controlled trials on the value of physiotherapy and other adjuvant measures are missing to give recommendation for optimal application of adjuvant therapies.
On stopping criteria in verified nonlinear systems or optimization algorithms (2000)

Traditionally, iterative methods for nonlinear systems use heuristic domain and range stopping criteria to determine when accuracy tolerances have been met. However, such heuristics can cause stopping at points far from actual solutions, and can be unreliable due to the effects of round-off error or inaccuracies in data. In verified computations, rigorous determination of when a set of bounds has met a tolerance can be done analogously to the traditional approximate setting. Nonetheless, the range tolerance possibly cannot be met. If the criteria are used to determine when to stop subdivision of n -dimensional bounds into subregions, then failure of a range tolerance results in excessive, unnecessary subdivision, and could make the algorithm impractical. On the other hand, interval techniques can detect when inaccuracies or round-off will not permit residual bounds to be narrowed. These techniques can be incorporated into range thickness stopping criteria that complement the range stopping criteria. In this note, the issue is first introduced and illustrated with a simple example. The thickness stopping criterion is then formally introduced and analyzed. Third, inclusion of the criterion within a general verified global optimization algorithm is studied. An industrial example is presented. Finally, consequences and implications are discussed.
Simultaneous measurement of the absolute and relative time delay of a tiled-aperture coherent beam combination via the double-humped spectral beam interferometry (2020)

Coherent beam combination (CBC) is a promising technology for achieving several hundred petawatts and even EW-level lasers. However, the measurement of the synchronization error and the time jitter of CBC is one of key technical issues, especially in the few-cycle PW-level laser facilities. In this paper, we demonstrate that the absolute time delay (ATD) and the relative time delay (RTD) for a tiled-aperture CBC can simultaneously be measured by using the double-humped spectral beam interferometry. The experimental study also was demonstrated. A root-mean-square deviation of approximately λ/38 (70 as) and a combining efficiency of 87.3% at 1 Hz closed feedback loop was obtained, respectively. Due to the wide adjustment range and a vast resisting beam energy disturbance capacity, this technique provide an effective and practical solution for measuring simultaneously the ATD and the RTD in the few-cycle PW-level laser pulses CBC.
Plasma-Free Hemoglobin Levels in Advanced vs. Conventional Infant and Pediatric Extracorporeal Life Support Circuits (2013)

Extracorporeal life support (ECLS) is a reliable method to support pediatric patients with reversible cardiorespiratory failure associated with congenital heart disease, respiratory insufficiency, or after cardiac surgery. In 2010, our institution adopted an infant/pediatric extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) circuit that contains a magnetically levitated centrifugal pump, polymethylpentene oxygenator, and shorter tubing length (ECMO II circuit). Our prior circuit contained a nonocclusive roller pump, polypropylene oxygenator, venous compliance chamber, and hemoconcentrator (ECMO I circuit). A retrospective chart review comparing ECMO I and ECMO II daily plasma-free hemoglobin (PFH) values was conducted. We hypothesized that the PFH is similar between the two ECMO circuit groups. We reviewed medical records of children 3 years of age or younger weighing less than 13 kg who required ECLS between January 2008 and February 2012. PFH levels from 18 ECMO II patients were compared with levels in a retrospective group of an equal number of well-matched ECMO I circuit patients. There was no significant difference between ECMO I and ECMO II circuit groups regarding mean time on ECMO, age in days, and weight. There was also no significant difference in the group mean levels of PFH between ECMO I and ECMO II circuits. There was a significant increase in PFH with hours on ECMO ( p &lt; .01) within and between both circuit groups ( p &lt; .01) and a significantly greater increase in PFH with ECMO hours ( p = .0091) in the ECMO I circuit group. Although there was no significant difference in average PFH with the change in ECMO II circuit technology, advancements such as the magnetically levitated blood pump and polymethylpentene gas exchange device has been associated with significantly fewer mechanical component change-outs ( p = .0156) and less clots and fibrin build-up in the circuits ( p = .0548).
Immunohistochemical and immunochemical characterization of a new endothelial cell-specific antigen. (1986)

A new monoclonal antibody (moab BW 200) of IgG3 kappa-isotype was generated which recognizes an epitope located on an antigen molecule restricted to human neoplastic and non-neoplastic endothelial cells. The molecular weight of the antigen was determined using immunoprecipitation analysis followed by SDS-PAGE. Despite its similar molecular weight to FVIII-RAG, the antigen detected by moab BW 200 was shown to be different from FVIII-RAG.
Homologous recombination deficiency leads to profound genetic instability in cells derived from Xrcc2-knockout mice. (2003)

DNA damage such as double-strand breaks presents severe difficulties for the cell to repair, especially if genetic stability is to be preserved. Recombination of the damaged DNA molecule with an undamaged homologous sequence provides a potential mechanism for the high-fidelity repair of such damage, and genes encoding homologous recombination (HR) proteins have been identified in mammalian cells. Xrcc2 is a protein with homology to Rad51, the core component of HR, but with a nonredundant role in damage repair. Here, we make the first study of the consequences of knocking out one or both copies of the Xrcc2 gene in mouse cells. In addition to growth arrest and sensitivity to agents causing severe DNA damage, we show that order-of-magnitude higher levels of chromosomal alterations are sustained in primary or immortal Xrcc2(-/-) embryonic fibroblasts. Using spectral karyotyping, we find that aneuploidy and complex chromosome exchanges, including an unexpectedly high frequency of homologue exchanges, are hallmarks of Xrcc2 deficiency. In addition, we find evidence for mild haploinsufficiency of Xrcc2. These responses are linked to several indicators of reduced HR in Xrcc2(-/-) cells, including a 30-fold reduction in gene conversion and reduced levels of Rad51-focus formation and of sister-chromatid exchange. Our data have similarities to recent studies of the disruption of breast cancer-predisposing (Brca) genes in mouse cells and are contrasted to analyses of cells carrying disruptions of genes in the other main pathway for double-strand break repair, nonhomologous end joining.
Hemiarthroplasty for Complex Distal Radius Fractures in Elderly Patients (2015)

Background In elderly patients, distal radius fractures frequently occur in osteoporotic bone and may be nonreconstructable. It is our hypothesis that a hemiarthroplasty replacment of the articular surface can provide satisfactory results in terms of range of motion, pain, and function for immediate salvage of a fracture that is not amenable to internal fixation. Methods Between July 2009 and January 2012, eight elderly patients were treated with insertion of a Sophia distal radius implant (Biotech, Paris, France). Inclusion criteria consisted of an isolated AO type C2 distal radius fracture in patients over 70 years old. All patients were reviewed by an independent surgeon. Results The mean follow-up was 25 months (range, 17-36 months). Mean wrist range of motion (ROM) was 45° (40-50°) of flexion, 44° (40-50°) of extension, and a mean pronation-supination arc of 160°. Mean grip force was 18 kgf. The mean QuickDASH (Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand) was 18.2/100 (6.82-29.55), and the mean visual analog scale (VAS) was 2.33 (0-4). X-ray images did not demonstrate implant loosening or ulnar translation of the carpus. Conclusions The Sophia hemiarthroplasty provided rapid recovery of independence in elderly patients with a nonreconstructable comminuted distal radius fracture.
Selection and validation of endogenous reference genes using a high throughput approach (2004)

This study suggests that even when the most stably expressed genes in array experiments are used as endogenous reference, significant variation in test gene expression estimates may occur and the best normalization is achieved when data from several endogenous reference genes are pooled together to minimize minimal but significant variation among samples. We are presently optimizing strategies for the preparation of endogenous reference gene mixtures that could yield information comparable to that of data pooled from individual endogenous reference gene normalizations.
Steering drift and wheel movement during braking: Parameter sensitivity studies (2003)

In spite of the many significant improvements in car chassis design over the past two decades, steering drift during braking where the driver must apply a corrective steering torque in order to maintain course can still be experienced under certain conditions while driving. In the past, such drift, or ‘pull’, would have been attributed to side-to-side braking torque variation [1], but modern automotive friction brakes and friction materials are now able to provide braking torque with such high levels of consistency that side-to-side braking torque variation is no longer regarded as a cause of steering drift during braking. Consequently, other influences must be considered. This paper is the first of two papers to report on an experimental investigation into braking-related steering drift in motor vehicles. Parameters that might influence steering drift during braking include suspension compliance and steering offset, and these have been investigated to establish the sensitivity of steering drift to such parameters. The results indicate how wheel movement arising from compliance in the front suspension and steering system of a passenger car during braking can be responsible for steering drift during braking. Braking causes changes in wheel alignment which in turn affect the toe steer characteristics of each wheel and therefore the straight-line stability during braking. It is concluded that a robust design of suspension is possible in which side-to-side variation in toe steer is not affected by changes in suspension geometry during braking, and that the magnitude of these changes and the relationships between the braking forces and the suspension geometry and compliance require further investigation, which will be presented in the second paper of the two.
The query-flow graph (2008)

Query logs record the queries and the actions of the users of engines, and as such they contain valuable information about the interests, the preferences, and the behavior of the users, as well as their implicit feedback to engine results. Mining the wealth of information available in the query logs has many important applications including query-log analysis, user profiling and personalization, advertising, query recommendation, and more.In this paper we introduce the query-flow graph, a graph representation of the interesting knowledge about latent querying behavior. Intuitively, in the query-flow graph a directed edge from query qi to query qj means that the two queries are likely to be part of the same search mission. Any path over the query-flow graph may be seen as a searching behavior, whose likelihood is given by the strength of the edges along the path.The query-flow graph is an outcome of query-log mining and, at the same time, a useful tool for it. We propose a methodology that builds such a graph by mining time and textual information as well as aggregating queries from different users. Using this approach we build a real-world query-flow graph from a large-scale query log and we demonstrate its utility in concrete applications, namely, finding logical sessions, and query recommendation. We believe, however, that the usefulness of the query-flow graph goes beyond these two applications.
Shift in Virulence of Soybean Cyst Nematode is Associated with Use of Resistance from PI 88788 (2008)

The soybean cyst nematode (SCN) is the most economically important pathogen of soybean in the United States. Most of the SCN-resistant cultivars being grown in this region have resistance derived from a single source, Plant Introduction (PI) 88788. A survey conducted in 2005 showed that 83% of the soybean hectarage in Illinois is infested with SCN, with average population densities high enough to cause significant yield suppression (2,700 eggs/100 cm 3 soil). Further characterization of these populations showed that 70% have adapted to PI 88788 at some level, reducing the effectiveness of using SCN-resistant cultivars as a crop management tool. Rotation with alternative sources of resistance is recommended as a means to slow the adaptation to PI 88788. Accepted for publication 11 October 2007. Published 18 January 2008.
Word clustering with parallel spoken language corpora (1996)

In this paper we i n troduce a word clustering algorithm which uses a bilingual, parallel corpus to group together words in the source and target language.Our method generalizes previous mutual information clustering algorithms for monolingual data by incorporating a statistical translation model.Preliminary experiments have shown that the algorithm can e ectively employ the constraints implicit in bilingual data to extract classes which are well-suited to machine translation tasks.
Is small tidal volume with low positive end expiratory pressure during one-lung ventilation an effective ventilation method for endoscopic thoracic surgery? (2014)

In carrying out one-lung ventilation for thoracic surgery using an endoscope, the addition of a PEEP of 6 cmH2O in the dependent lung, while reducing the tidal volume of 6 ml/kg, both oxygen tension and lung compliance are maintained without increasing the plateau airway pressure. Protective lung ventilation is useful for one lung ventilation.
RELAP5 SIMULATION FOR ONE AND TWO-PHASE NATURAL CIRCULATION PHENOMENON (2007)

The objective of this paper is to study the natural circulation phenomenon in one and two-phase regime. There has been a crescent interest in the scientific community in the study of the natural circulation. New generation of compact nuclear reactors uses the natural circulation for residual heat removal in case of accident or shutdown. For this study, the modeling and the simulation of the experimental circuit is performed with the RELAP5 code. The experimental circuit is mounted in the Chemical Engineering Department of the University of Sao Paulo. It is presented in this work the theoretical/experimental comparison for one and two-phase flow. These results will be stored in a database to validate RELAP5 calculations. This work was also used to training some users of RELAP5 from IEAv.
Learning Policies for Automated Racing Using Vehicle Model Gradients (2023)

Safe autonomous driving approaches should be capable of quickly and efficiently learning as professional drivers do, while also using all of the available road-tire friction for safety. Inspired by how skilled drivers learn, we demonstrate improvement from an initial optimization-generated racing trajectory using model-based reinforcement learning. By using a simple physics-based dynamics model and gradients of the performance objective, we show that a full-scale automated race car is capable of improving lap time in experiments on high- and low-friction race tracks. Using recorded vehicle data, this approach improves a twenty nine second lap time by almost two full seconds. Beyond improving upon the initial optimization-based solution, it uses only two laps worth of ice track data where conditions can constantly change from lap-to-lap. These results suggest that by combining an approximate model with simple learning techniques, significant improvement to automated racing strategies is possible.