gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Smart Infrastructure for Future Urban Mobility (2020)

Real‐time traffic signal control presents a challenging multiagent planning problem, particularly in urban road networks where, unlike simpler arterial settings, there are competing dominant traffic flows that shift through the day. Further complicating matters, urban environments require attention to multimodal traffic flows (vehicles, pedestrians, bicyclists, buses) that move at different speeds and may be given different priorities. For the past several years, my research group has been developing and refining a real‐time, adaptive traffic signal control system to address these challenges, referred to as scalable urban traffic control (Surtrac). Combining principles from automated planning and scheduling, multiagent systems, and traffic theory, Surtrac treats traffic signal control as a decentralized online planning process. In operation, each intersection repeatedly generates and executes (in rolling horizon fashion) signal‐timing plans that optimize the movement of currently sensed approaching traffic through the intersection. Each time a new plan is produced (nominally every couple of seconds), the intersection communicates to its downstream neighbors what traffic it expects to send their way, allowing intersections to construct longer horizon plans and achieve coordinated behavior. Initial evaluation of Surtrac in the field has demonstrated significant performance improvements, and the technology is now deployed and operating in several U.S. cities. More recent work has focused on integrating real‐time adaptive signal control with emerging connected vehicle technology, and exploration of the opportunities for enhanced mobility that direct vehicle (or pedestrian) to infrastructure communication can provide. Current technology development efforts center on vehicle route sharing, smart transit priority, safe intersection crossing for pedestrians with disabilities, real‐time incident detection, and integrated optimization of signal control and route choice decisions. This article provides an overview of this overall research effort.
Convolutional neural network‐based malaria diagnosis from focus stack of blood smear images acquired using custom‐built slide scanner (2017)

The present paper introduces a focus stacking-based approach for automated quantitative detection of Plasmodium falciparum malaria from blood smear. For the detection, a custom designed convolutional neural network (CNN) operating on focus stack of images is used. The cell counting problem is addressed as the segmentation problem and we propose a 2-level segmentation strategy. Use of CNN operating on focus stack for the detection of malaria is first of its kind, and it not only improved the detection accuracy (both in terms of sensitivity [97.06%] and specificity [98.50%]) but also favored the processing on cell patches and avoided the need for hand-engineered features. The slide images are acquired with a custom-built portable slide scanner made from low-cost, off-the-shelf components and is suitable for point-of-care diagnostics. The proposed approach of employing sophisticated algorithmic processing together with inexpensive instrumentation can potentially benefit clinicians to enable malaria diagnosis.
Development and electrical properties of undoped polycrystalline silicon thin-film transistors (1989)

The conduction mechanism and the origins of the leakage current in undoped channel polycrystalline silicon thin-film transistors fabricated under a variety of processing conditions were investigated. Leakage currents below 1 nA at drain-source voltages of 40 V were achieved in both n-type and p-type devices. The effective channel electron and hole mobilities were 75 and 42 cm/sup 2//V-s, respectively. Measured stage delay times for CMOS ring oscillators as a function of supply voltage agreed well with theoretical calculations. The effective carrier mobility was shown to have a minimum at a gate voltage corresponding to the point at which all traps are filled. Both dark and photoinduced leakage currents were determined to be controlled by generation from the grain boundary traps. The voltage drop across individual gates in multigated structures was investigated as a function of gate voltage. The use of multiple gates at high drain-source potentials was found to decrease both dark and photoinduced leakage currents.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Fasting induces ketoacidosis and hypothermia in PDHK2/PDHK4-double-knockout mice (2012)

The importance of PDHK (pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase) 2 and 4 in regulation of the PDH complex (pyruvate dehydrogenase complex) was assessed in single- and double-knockout mice. PDHK2 deficiency caused higher PDH complex activity and lower blood glucose levels in the fed, but not the fasted, state. PDHK4 deficiency caused similar effects, but only after fasting. Double deficiency intensified these effects in both the fed and fasted states. PDHK2 deficiency had no effect on glucose tolerance, PDHK4 deficiency produced only a modest effect, but double deficiency caused a marked improvement and also induced lower insulin levels and increased insulin sensitivity. In spite of these beneficial effects, the double-knockout mice were more sensitive than wild-type and single-knockout mice to long-term fasting, succumbing to hypoglycaemia, ketoacidosis and hypothermia. Stable isotope flux analysis indicated that hypoglycaemia was due to a reduced rate of gluconeogenesis and that slightly more glucose was converted into ketone bodies in the double-knockout mice. The findings establish that PDHK2 is more important in the fed state, PDHK4 is more important in the fasted state, and survival during long-term fasting depends upon regulation of the PDH complex by both PDHK2 and PDHK4.
Motion path processing in off-line programming system of arc welding robot. (1988)

Utilization of conventional arc-welding robot by actual robot teaching (by a human operator) is not suitable for constructing a flexible production system, because applicability of the teaching data is limited to only the target robot.As a solution to this problem, the authors have proposed a compact computer aided welding system which consists of a personal computer and a conventional teaching-playback arc welding robot, and indicated the concept of off-line programming by a simple robot language. In the system, wled information processing is divided into four levels; task level, tool level, robot level and machine code level. At each level, necessary information is obtained from external files. In task level, source program of the weld is parsed and weld parts are extracted from the work model. In tool level, the motion of weld torch is generated on the work model at each weld line and between weld lines referring to both of work and torch models. In robot level, each angle of robot arms, which realizes required torch angle, is claculated considering the movable range of the robot. In machine code level, angle data of robot arms and weld conditions are combined together and converted into robot codes, which are transmitted to the robot controller through a communication line.Realization of torch motion in robot level is discussed for 5-axis articulated type robot. Possibility of required torch angle by the robot is checked by calculation of intersection between arm plane, in which robot's arms move, and movable range of torch rotation. Collision check and avoidance algorithm is shown, and its property was confirmed by an example program of the weld.
A substituentpara-to-orthopositioning effect drives the photoreactivity of a dibenzothiophene-based oxalate series used as LED-excitable free radical photoinitiators (2019)

Dibenzothiophene-based oxalate derivatives were synthesized as type I photoinitiators, and their photoinitiation properties depend on the substituent<italic>para</italic>-to-<italic>ortho</italic>positioning effect of the oxalates.
Acute intracerebroventricular administration of either carboxyl-terminal or amino-terminal fragments of agouti-related peptide produces a long-term decrease in energy expenditure in rats (2003)

We investigated if agouti-related peptide (AgRP), an endogenous antagonist of melanocortin receptors (MC3-R and MC4-R), effects energy expenditure in rats. Fragments of the carboxyl-terminal, AgRP (83-132), and the amino-terminals, AgRP (25-51) and AgRP (54-82), were administered intracerebroventricularly (ICV). Food intake, body weight and fat weight changes were measured 5 and/or 24 h after a single ICV injection of the fragments. Oxygen consumption and colonic temperature were measured as indices of energy expenditure, during 3 and 24 h after the ICV injections, respectively. An oral glucose tolerance test was performed 24 h after ICV AgRP (83-132) injection. Binding experiments were performed in HEK-293 cells that over-expressed human MC4-R. AgRP (83-132), but not AgRP (25-51) nor AgRP (54-82), induced a potent and long-lasting increase in the cumulative food intake. Both the carboxyl-terminal and amino-terminal AgRP fragments significantly decreased oxygen consumption and colonic temperature. Despite the absence of hyperphagia and cross-reactivities with MC4-R, AgRP (25-51) and AgRP (54-82) significantly increased body weight and epididymal/mesenteric fat weight. AgRP (83-132) did not affect glucose and insulin responses to the oral glucose tolerance test. AgRP causes a potent and long-lasting decrease in energy expenditure; an effect that is exhibited by carboxyl-terminal fragments and amino-terminal fragments that lack antagonist activity at the MC receptors. This suggests that the amino-terminal region of AgRP plays a regulatory role in energy metabolism.
Uptake and Transport of Quinolizidine Alkaloids in Cuscuta reflex a Parasitizing on Lupinus angustifolius (1993)

Abstract Cuscuta reflexa, Lupinus angustifolius, Quinolizidine Alkaloids, Parasitism During parasitism on Lupinus angustifolius the phanerogamic parasite Cuscuta reflexa takes up quinolizidine alkaloids from L. angustifolius via haustoria that tap xylem and phloem ves­sels of the host. The alkaloid pattern of the haustorial region of C. reflexa as revealed by GLC as well as by GLC-M S closely resembles that of infested lupin stems. With increasing distance from the haustoria towards the apex of C. reflexa the complex alkaloid pattern of the host is significantly reduced. Whereas alkaloid esters such as 13-benzoyloxylupanine and 13-cinnamoyloxy-lupanine are prominent peaks in the alkaloid profiles of the host as well as of the haustorial region of the parasite they are not detected in the apex of C. reflexa but are replaced by their respective alcohol com ponent 13-hydroxylupanine. This change of alkaloid profiles is accompanied by a strong decline of alkaloid concentration which drops from ap­ proximately 11 m g/g dry wt. in the haustorial region of C. reflexa to 0.2 m g/g dry wt. in the apex. Alkaloid analyses of xylem sap and phloem exudate from L. angustifolius suggest that uptake of host plant alkaloids by C. reflexa is mainly via the phloem even though a contribu­tion of xylem sap to the supply of alkaloids to the parasite can not be excluded.
Optical properties of transition metal oxide gels (1990)

Transition metal oxide (T.M.O) gels exhibit extrinsic or specific optical properties. This duality is related to the fact that they can be used as transparent amorphous matrices from which high refractive index is expected, or for their mixed valence behaviour. Titanium or Zirconium oxide based gels have been used as transparent matrices in which large concentration of inorganic (Eu (III)) or organic luminophores (Rhodamine 6G , Rhodamine 640, Coumarine 4) have been incorporated. Several specific optical properties related to Titanium oxide based gels such as electrochromism photoelectrochemistry and photochemistry are also described.
ChemInform Abstract: Stereoselective Synthesis of 3‐Hydroxy‐4‐arylcyclopentanones and 4‐Arylcyclopentenones Through a Heck—Matsuda Desymmetrization of meso cis‐4‐Cyclopentene‐1,3‐diol. (2015)

Abstract The title compounds can be efficiently obtained in racemic and enantioselective manner by Heck—Matsuda reaction under mild reaction conditions.
Supplementary Figures 1-4 from CXC Chemokine Receptor-4 Antagonist Blocks Both Growth of Primary Tumor and Metastasis of Head and Neck Cancer in Xenograft Mouse Models (2023)

Supplementary Figures 1-4 from CXC Chemokine Receptor-4 Antagonist Blocks Both Growth of Primary Tumor and Metastasis of Head and Neck Cancer in Xenograft Mouse Models
ChemInform Abstract: Transformations of 1‐Aryl‐2‐methyl‐3‐ethoxycarbonyl‐4,5‐dihydroxy‐6‐ bromoindole Derivatives. (1988)

Abstract Acidic hydrolysis of the indolylacetoacetates (I) gives the acetonylindoles (II), together with the acetoacetic acids (III) as by‐products.
P2-17-01 - Molecular markers of dietary essential amino acid-deficiency (2019)

Introduction: The quality of dietary protein sources became a particularly sensitive issue in the current debates on a rebalancing between animal and vegetable food sources.The ability of a protein to meet the nutritional requirements of essential amino acid (EAA) is the basis for assessing the quality of protein.The objective of this study was to characterize the impact of lysine- and threonine-deficient gluten-based diets on the metabolism of growing rats and to identify molecular markers of these diets.Materials and Methods :Growing rats were fed for 3 weeks with a threonine-supplemented and 70% lysine-deficient gluten diet; a lysine-supplemented and 47% threonine-deficient gluten diet; a gluten diet supplemented in lysine and threonine to meet all the AA requirements, and a control diet with milk protein to meet all the AA requirements.Body weight and food intake were measured daily. At the end of the experiment, tissues and biological fluids were removed. The body composition was analyzed, gene expression measurements involved in protein and lipid metabolism were performed and the urinary metabolome was analyzed by LC-MS. Statistical analysis was done by variance analysis and metabolome analysis by discriminant analysis of independent components.Results: This EAA deficiency does not modify the food intake. Lysine deficiency induces a decrease in body weight gain, and lean body mass, associated with an increased in proteolysis and a decreased in proteosynthesis, a decreased in bone mineral density, and no effect on lipid metabolism.Threonine deficiency induces a decrease in body weight gain, and liver and skin weight, without changes in protein metabolism, bone mineral density, and lipid metabolism. After approval of the deficiency model, the metabolomic analysis performed on urine samples revealed the presence of specific discriminating molecules of the diets and types of proteins.Discussion:EAA deficiency has an impact on the growth, and bone and protein metabolism of growing rats. These deficiency states have resulted in different metabolome profiles that could lead to the identification of specific molecular markers of protein sources and related to EAA deficiencies.Conflict of interest:There is no conflict of interest
Effectiveness of Lactobacillus reuteri for prevention and treatment of functional gastrointestinal disorders in infants, children and adolescents (Review) (2013)

<p class="AbstractANGClanekAbstract"><span lang="EN-US">Functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs) with their extremely high prevalence and important influence on patients’ quality of life and health costs represent a major problem. Their etiopathogenesis is multifactorial and disturbances in a composition of intestinal microbiota as well as specific potentially pathogenic microorganisms seem to have crucial role in it. Probiotics with their broad spectrum of actions, including strengthening of colonisatiton resistance against pathogens, enhancement of barrier function, regulation of intestinal immune response, alleviation of inflammation, and both direct and indirect influence on gut motility or sensitivity, represent one of the most promising therapeutic strategies for these disorders. Numerous clinical studies revealed their efficacy in different FGIDs. However, the pathogenesis of different types of disorders is not similar, and neither are mechanisms of action of different probiotic strains. Several <span class="Italics">Lactobacillus reuteri</span> strains exhibit various characteristics such as secretion of antimicrobial reuterin, production of short-chain fatty acids, down-regulation of inflammatory immune response, and direct influence on enteric nervous system among the others, which render them good candidates for prevention and treatment of various FGIDs. This paper reviews clinical studies on the effectiveness of <span class="Italics">Lactobacillus reuteri</span> in the therapy of FGIDs in infants, children and adolescents. Results of multiple studies support its use for prevention and treatment of infant colic and improvement of delayed gastric emptying and regurgitation. In addition, individual studies suggest potential usefulness of specific <span class="Italics">Lactobacillus reuteri</span> strains for the alleviation of constipation and functional abdominal pain.</span>
Photodynamic action of merocyanine 540 on artificial and natural cell membranes: involvement of singlet molecular oxygen. (1987)

The photochemistry of merocyanine 540 (MC 540), a sensitizing dye that binds preferentially to leukemia and electrically excitable cells, has been investigated. MC 540-mediated photooxidation of histidine, arachidonate, and unsaturated phospholipid vesicles was assessed by spin label oximetry and shown to involve type II (singlet oxygen) chemistry. The dye was also shown to be a potent sensitizer of lipid peroxidation in a natural cell membrane, the erythrocyte ghost. Inhibition by azide, stimulation by 2H2O, and identification of the cholesterol product 5 alpha-cholest-6-ene-3 beta,5-diol in this system, all were consistent with singlet oxygen intermediacy. Finally, MC 540 was found to be considerably more phototoxic to K-562 leukemia cells in 2H2O than in H2O. We conclude that singlet oxygen plays a major role in the phototherapeutic effects of this dye.
Synchronous Control ofaStatic ACInduction MotorDrive (1979)

Conventional methods ofcontrolling aninduction motor utilize regulation ofstator current andmotorslip frequency inorder to maintain systemstability. Thiscontrol strategy requires ashaft speed feedback andfast-response current regulation. Analternative methodof controlling aninduction motorispresented whichachieves theneces- sarysystemstabilization bycontrolling onlythemotorfrequency. The control inherently regulates themotortorque angle byproperly adjust- ingthephaseoftheconverter firing signals. By synchronizing the inverter firing pulses tothemotorbackelectromotive force (EMF)pos- sible adverse inverter operating modesareavoided. Theconcept of synchronous control eliminates thepreprogrammed functional relations previously required andallows thecontrol toadapttoanydesired motorfluxlevel. Anydesired outerregulating loopcanbeincorporated toformafast-response wide-range acdrive system.
Seismic-wave propagation through a cracked solid: polarization as a possible dilatancy diagnostic (1978)

A new technique is presented for modelling the elastic constants of cracked structures with application to systems with weak concentrations of parallel cracks, and of simple biplanar and triplanar cracks. The velocities and V,lVs ratios of these anisotropic structures are used to provide quantitative models for some earthquake precursors. These results indicate the great importance of crack geometry to the behaviour of precursors. The velocities of saturated cracks appear to favour the dilatancy-diffusion model of precursory phenomena. Synthetic seismograms are calculated for propagation through possible dilatancy zones. The seismograms show some characteristic features which may be useful for the investigation of earthquake dilatancy .
Zinc induces motor neuron death via a selective inhibition of brain-derived neurotrophic factor activity (2008)

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is a debilitating disease that results from the deterioration and loss of motor neurons. The neurotoxic potential of Zn2+, both in vitro and in vivo, has been well established; however, the mechanism(s) of zinc's toxicity remain unclear. Our laboratory has demonstrated that Zn2+-mediated inhibition of neurotrophins can induce cell death. The present study investigates the neurotoxic mechanism(s) of this metal ion by assessing zinc's selectivity in altering the neurotrophin BDNF, but not the neural cytokine CNTF, with respect to motor neuron survival. Embryonic day 15 rat spinal motor neuron cultures were maintained in either BDNF or CNTF. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP-digoxigenin nick end-labelling (TUNEL) staining showed that exposure to 100µM Zn2+ significantly increased the number of pro-apoptotic neurons in cultures maintained with BDNF, while these conditions had no effect on cultures maintained with CNTF. We also demonstrate that BDNF protomer cross-linking efficiency and TrkB receptor cross-linking to BDNF are significantly inhibited by Zn2+, suggesting that a Zn2+-induced change in BDNF conformation inhibits receptor-binding activity. This study reveals a mechanism by which zinc toxicity is mediated via a selective loss in neurotrophin activity resulting in motor neuron death.
ChemInform Abstract: An ab initio Theoretical Reaction Path Study of the Cation Radicals Diels‐Alder Reaction (1992)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Detection of methicillin resistance in coagulase‐negative staphylococci by cefoxitin disc diffusion and oxacillin Etest (2005)

Coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) are a significant cause of nosocomial bacteraemia and their susceptibility to beta-lactamase-stabile penicillins is unpredictable. To ensure appropriate antibiotic therapy reliable methods for detection of methicillin resistance (MR) are needed. The objectives of this study were to determine the frequency of MR in a set of CoNS from cases of monomicrobial bacteraemia and to evaluate two phenotypic assays for detection of MR, the 10 microg cefoxitin disk test on Iso-Sensitest agar using a semiconfluent inoculum and the oxacillin Etest. MR was determined by a commercial genomic mecA assay. Of 110 CoNS, 75 were mecA positive and 35 mecA negative. Using interpretive zone diameters R < 22 mm and S > or = 27 mm, the cefoxitin disk test had a sensitivity and specificity of 100%. A correct prediction was obtained for 86 isolates, while 23 were indeterminate (> or = 22 mm; <27 mm). Using CLSI's guidelines, sensitivity and specificity of the oxacillin Etest were 100% and 80%, respectively. A correct prediction was obtained for 102 isolates, while 7 mecA negative isolates were classified as resistant. Thus, the cefoxitin disk test and the oxacillin Etest performed with high accuracy and both seem to be suitable for routine use.