gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Growth of GaN epitaxial films on polycrystalline diamond by metal-organic vapor phase epitaxy (2017)

Heat extraction is often essential to ensuring efficient performance of semiconductor devices and requires minimizing the thermal resistance between the functional semiconductor layers and any heat sink. This paper reports epitaxial growth of N-polar GaN films on polycrystalline diamond substrates of high thermal conductivity with metal-organic vapor phase epitaxy by using a SixC layer formed during deposition of polycrystalline diamond on a silicon substrate. The SixC layer acts to provide the necessary structure ordering information for the formation of a single crystal GaN film at the wafer scale. It is shown that a three-dimensional island (3D) growth process removes hexagonal defects that are induced by the non-single crystal nature of the SixC layer. It is also shown that intensive 3D growth and the introduction of convex curvature of the substrate can be deployed to reduce tensile stress in the GaN epitaxy to enable the growth of crack-free layer up to a thickness of 1.1m. The twist and tilt can be as low as 0.65 and 0.39 respectively, values broadly comparable with GaN grown on Si substrates with a similar structure.
Analysis of infrared wireless links employing multibeam transmitters and imaging diversity receivers (2000)

We analyze the improvements obtained in wireless infrared (IR) communication links when one replaces traditional single-element receivers by imaging receivers and diffuse transmitters by multibeam (quasi-diffuse) transmitters. This paper addresses both line-of-sight (LOS) and nonline-of-sight (non-LOS) IR links. We quantify link performance in terms of the transmitter power required to achieve a bit error rate (BER) not exceeding 10/sup -9/ with 95% probability. Our results indicate that in LOS links, imaging receivers can reduce the required transmitter power by up to 13 dB compared to single-element receivers. In non-LOS links, imaging receivers and multibeam transmitters can reduce the required transmitter power by more than 20 dB. Furthermore we discuss the use of multibeam transmitters and imaging receivers to implement space-division multiple access (SDMA). In a representative example with two users transmitting at a power sufficient to achieve a BER not exceeding 10/sup -9/ with 95% probability in the absence of cochannel interference, when SDMA is employed, the system can achieve a BER not exceeding 10/sup -9/ with a probability of about 88%.
eSOA - SOA for Embedded Networks (2024)

Eingebettete Netze, bestehend aus einer Vielzahl von vernetzten Knoten mit unterschiedlichen Mess-, Steuer- und RechenfÃ¤higkeiten, werden zunehmend in Bereichen wie der Heim- und Industrieautomatisierung, modernen Kraftfahrzeugen oder großflächigen Infrastrukturen z.B. in Energienetzen oder Verkehrsleitsystemen eingesetzt. Die Komplexität der Netze, die Heterogenität der enthaltenen Knoten und Infrastrukturänderungen durch mobile Knoten oder Knotenausfälle stellen besondere Herausforderungen während der Anwendungsentwicklung dar. Viele dieser Anforderungen können durch die aus dem Software-Bereich wohlbekannten Service orientierten Architekturen (SOAs) erfüllt werden. Um die besonderen Rahmenbedingungen von eingebetteten Netzen (Ressourcenbeschränkungen, Echtzeitanforderungen, etc) berücksichtigen zu können, sind einige Anpassungen des traditionellen SOA Paradigmas aus dem Web Service Kontext nötig. Ziel des eSOA-Projekts ist die Definition eines embedded-SOA-(eSOA)-Konzepts, das diesen Anforderungen genügt, und die Entwicklung einer Middleware für eingebettete Netze und den dazugehörigen Entwicklungswerkzeugen, welche eine effiziente Anwendungsentwicklung ermöglichen.
Taafe (1896)

Journal Article Taafe Get access Frances Toler Hope Frances Toler Hope 1Clapham Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Notes and Queries, Volume s8-IX, Issue 210, 4 January 1896, Page 7, https://doi.org/10.1093/nq/s8-IX.210.7b Published: 04 January 1896
Scene Analysis Using Fusion Of Range And Color Data (1998)

Publication in the conference proceedings of EUSIPCO, Rhodes, Greece, 1998
Diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma carrying t(9;14)(p13;q32)/ PAX5 ‐immunoglobulin heavy chain gene is characterized by nuclear positivity of MUM1 and PAX5 by immunohistochemistry (2020)

We described four patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) carrying t(9;14)(p13;q32) that places the PAX5 adjacent to the immunoglobulin heavy chain (IGH) gene. Ages ranged between 63 and 80, and three were female. One developed a nodal disease, and the other three involved extranodal organs. The lymphoma cells were CD10<sup>-</sup> /BCL6<sup>-</sup> /MUM1<sup>+</sup> in three and CD10<sup>+</sup> /BCL6<sup>+</sup> /MUM1<sup>+</sup> in one. BCL2 was weak or negative. All had t(9;14)(p13;q32), and three had additional 14q32/IGH translocations or +der(14)t(9;14)(p13;q32). Fluorescence in situ hybridization using the PAX5 break-apart probe showed that the locus was disrupted between the 5' and 3' probes or within the 5' probe. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) using a monoclonal antibody against PAX5 showed strong nuclear positivity in all four patients. Cell block IHC of a CD30<sup>+</sup> DLBCL cell line, KIS-1, which carried the t(9;14)(p13;q32) and PAX5-IGH fusion gene, reproduced the CD10<sup>-</sup> /BCL6<sup>-</sup> /MUM1<sup>+</sup> immunophenotype, low-level BCL2, and strong nuclear PAX5. Uniform nuclear positivity of MUM1 in all four cases and KIS-1 cells suggest that these lymphomas arose at a late stage of B-cell differentiation, where expression of PAX5 physiologically becomes downregulated. It is therefore possible that high-level PAX5 resulting from t(9;14)(p13;q32) at this stage of differentiation perturbs the plasma cell differentiation program initiated by PAX5 repression, thereby contributing to the development of a fraction of DLBCL.
Chapter 9. Building Robust and Explainable AI with Commonsense Knowledge Graphs and Neural Models (2023)

Commonsense reasoning is an attractive test bed for neuro-symbolic techniques, because it is a difficult challenge where pure neural and symbolic methods fall short. In this chapter, we review commonsense reasoning methods that combine large-scale knowledge resources with generalizable neural models to achieve both robustness and explainability. We discuss knowledge representation and consolidation efforts that harmonize heterogeneous knowledge. We cover representative neuro-symbolic commonsense methods that leverage this commonsense knowledge to reason over questions and stories. The range of reasoning mechanisms includes procedural reasoning, reasoning by analogy, and reasoning by imagination. We discuss different strategies to design systems with native explainability, such as engineering the knowledge dimensions used for pretraining, generating scene graphs, and learning to produce knowledge paths.
Abnormal T cell activation caused by the imbalance of the IL-1/IL-1R antagonist system is responsible for the development of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (2006)

IL-1 is a pro-inflammatory cytokine that plays an important role in inflammation and host responses to infection. We have previously shown that imbalances in the IL-1 and IL-1R antagonist (IL-1Ra) system cause the development of inflammatory diseases. To explore the role of the IL-1/IL-1Ra system in autoimmune disease, we analyzed myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG)-induced experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) in mice bearing targeted disruptions of the IL-1alpha, IL-1beta, IL-1alpha and IL-1beta (IL-1) or IL-1Ra genes. IL-1alpha/beta double-deficient (IL-1-/-) mice exhibited significant resistance to EAE induction with a significant reduction in disease severity, while IL-1alpha-/- or IL-1beta-/- mice developed EAE in a manner similar to wild-type mice. IL-1Ra-/- mice also developed MOG-induced EAE normally with pertussis toxin (PTx) administration. In contrast to wild-type mice, however, these mice were highly susceptible to EAE induction in the absence of PTx administration. We found that both IFN-gamma and IL-17 production and proliferation were reduced in IL-1-/- T cells upon stimulation with MOG, while IFN-gamma, IL-17 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha production and proliferation were enhanced in IL-1Ra-/- T cells. These observations suggest that the IL-1/IL-1Ra system is crucial for auto-antigen-specific T cell induction and contributes to the development of EAE.
Planning and Decision-Making for Autonomous Vehicles (2018)

In this review, we provide an overview of emerging trends and challenges in the field of intelligent and autonomous, or self-driving, vehicles. Recent advances in the field of perception, planning, and decision-making for autonomous vehicles have led to great improvements in functional capabilities, with several prototypes already driving on our roads and streets. Yet challenges remain regarding guaranteed performance and safety under all driving circumstances. For instance, planning methods that provide safe and system-compliant performance in complex, cluttered environments while modeling the uncertain interaction with other traffic participants are required. Furthermore, new paradigms, such as interactive planning and end-to-end learning, open up questions regarding safety and reliability that need to be addressed. In this survey, we emphasize recent approaches for integrated perception and planning and for behavior-aware planning, many of which rely on machine learning. This raises the question of verification and safety, which we also touch upon. Finally, we discuss the state of the art and remaining challenges for managing fleets of autonomous vehicles.
Low-Density Silica Xerogel Capture of Leonids Meteor Storm Dust Candidates by Stratospheric Balloon Return (1999)

High altitude balloon (20 km) and low-density capture media were explored to return meteor-related dust during the November 1998 Leonids meteor storm. One 20-30 micron particle captured showed a characteristic signature of extraterrestrial origin, featuring high aluminum, magnesium and other non-volatile metals. The technique of balloon capture will be optimized for March and November 1999 reflights.
Sonochemical Preparation and Catalytic Behavior of Core-Shell Metal Nanoparticles (2005)

When a liquid is irradiated with high intensity ultrasound, unusual and unique reaction-sites are formed. They are attributed to extremely transient and small cavitation bubbles with high temperatures and high pressures. The chemical reactions and their reaction pathways during cavitation are often different from those of conventional thermal-and photo-chemical reactions. We have been investigating the reactivities of active radicals formed from cavitation bubbles and have reported that reduction by radicals could be applied for preparing various noble metal nanoparticles. In this paper, we describe the mechanism of the sonochemical reactions occuring in the formation of metal nanoparticles and theproperties of the synthesized particles.
A Bayesian network meta‐analysis of the efficacy of targeted therapies and chemotherapy for treatment of triple‐negative breast cancer (2018)

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a heterogeneous disease with poorer prognosis than other subtypes, yet effective therapies are still not available. We aimed to compare the efficacy of various targeted therapies with chemotherapy (CT) in TNBC patients using a network meta-analysis. A systematic literature search was performed in PubMed, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library. A total of 27 randomized controlled trials (RCTs), involving 6924 TNBC patients, were included. Olaparib significantly improved PFS (0.43, 0.29-0.64) and ORR (2.57, 1.31-5.09) in comparison with CT. As for bevacizumab + CT, it showed a significant improvement of PFS (0.66, 0.55-0.80) and ORR (2.15, 1.16-4.05) compared with CT + placebo. It was also superior to CT alone in PFS (0.48, 0.35-0.65) and pCR (1.30, 1.13-1.49 for breast and axillary nodes and 1.26, 1.11-1.44 for breast). Other targeted agents like iniparib, sorafenib, cetuximab, and ipatasertib combined with CT showed significant superiority in PFS compared with CT alone, and the HRs were 0.75 (0.62-0.90), 0.44 (0.21-0.91), 0.67 (0.47-0.96), and 0.44 (0.24-0.81), respectively, while some other agents such as sunitinib and cetuximab had the lowest SUCRA in OS, PFS, or ORR without any benefits. In conclusion, our results indicated that the addition of bevacizumab to CT was beneficial for TNBC patients, and olaparib had a great effect in PFS and ORR, especially for those with BRCA mutations. When combined with CT, targeted agents including iniparib, sorafenib, cetuximab, and ipatasertib may have better efficacies for treating TNBC.
Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α induces leptin production through the p55 TNF receptor (2000)

Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha acts directly on adipocytes to increase production of the lipostatic factor, leptin. However, which TNF receptor (TNFR) mediates this response is not known. To answer this question, leptin was measured in plasma of wild-type (WT), p55, and p75 TNFR knockout (KO) mice injected intraperitoneally with murine TNF-alpha and in supernatants from cultured WT, p55, and p75 TNFR KO adipocytes incubated with TNF-alpha. Leptin also was measured in supernatants from C3H/HeOuJ mouse adipocytes cultured with blocking antibodies to each TNFR and TNF-alpha as well as in supernatants from adipocytes incubated with either human or murine TNF-alpha, which activate either one or both TNFR, respectively. The results using all four strategies show that the induction of leptin production by TNF-alpha requires activation of the p55 TNFR and that although activation of the p75 TNFR alone cannot cause leptin production, its presence affects the capability of TNF-alpha to induce leptin production through the p55 TNFR. These results provide new information on the interplay between cells of the immune system and adipocytes.
THE TRAPPING OF 6,6-DIMETHYLISOBENZOFULVENE BY ITS 1,3-DIPOLAR PRECURSOR: A RARE EXAMPLE OF A DIPOLAR [6+4] CYCLOADDITION (2001)

A new route to isobenzofuran and isobenzofulvene is reported that is proposed to involve the 14e electrocyclic fragmentation of a transient 1,3-dipolar intermediate formed by ring-opening of a fused aziridinocyclobutane. 6,6-Dimethylisobenzofulvene generated in this way reacts with its 1,3-dipole precursor to form a [10π+4π] cycloadduct, the first of this type involving the participation of a 1,3-dipolar species.
Excitation of lower hybrid waves in a plasma by electron beams (1976)

The linear theory of excitation of electrostatic lower hybrid waves by electron beams is presented. The importance of such waves in tokamaks with runaway electrons is discussed.
The effect of the interconnection architecture on the FPGA performance and energy consumption (2004)

A systematic exploration of the effect of the interconnection network on the performance and power consumption of the FPGA is performed. Island style FPGA architecture and an efficient configurable logic block are adopted. Exploration is performed for various parameters of the interconnection network. Alternative interconnection architectures are obtained by combining these parameters. Several benchmark circuits are mapped on the alternative architectures and their implementations are evaluated. Results demonstrate the efficiency of each solution towards the FPGA characteristics.
Fe-Cluster Pushing Electrons to N-Doped Graphitic Layers with Fe3C(Fe) Hybrid Nanostructure to Enhance O2 Reduction Catalysis of Zn-Air Batteries (2017)

Non-noble metal catalysts with catalytic activity toward oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) comparable or even superior to that of Pt/C are extremely important for the wide application of metal-air batteries and fuel cells. Here, we develop a simple and controllable strategy to synthesize Fe-cluster embedded in Fe<sub>3</sub>C nanoparticles (designated as Fe<sub>3</sub>C(Fe)) encased in nitrogen-doped graphitic layers (NDGLs) with graphitic shells as a novel hybrid nanostructure as an effective ORR catalyst by directly pyrolyzing a mixture of Prussian blue (PB) and glucose. The pyrolysis temperature was found to be the key parameter for obtaining a stable Fe<sub>3</sub>C(Fe)@NDGL core-shell nanostructure with an optimized content of nitrogen. The optimized Fe<sub>3</sub>C(Fe)@NDGL catalyst showed high catalytic performance of ORR comparable to that of the Pt/C (20 wt %) catalyst and better stability than that of the Pt/C catalyst in alkaline electrolyte. According to the experimental results and first principle calculation, the high activity of the Fe<sub>3</sub>C(Fe)@NDGL catalyst can be ascribed to the synergistic effect of an adequate content of nitrogen doping in graphitic carbon shells and Fe-cluster pushing electrons to NDGL. A zinc-air battery utilizing the Fe<sub>3</sub>C(Fe)@NDGL catalyst demonstrated a maximum power density of 186 mW cm<sup>-2</sup>, which is slightly higher than that of a zinc-air battery utilizing the commercial Pt/C catalyst (167 mW cm<sup>-2</sup>), mostly because of the large surface area of the N-doped graphitic carbon shells. Theoretical calculation verified that O<sub>2</sub> molecules can spontaneously adsorb on both pristine and nitrogen doped graphene surfaces and then quickly diffuse to the catalytically active nitrogen sites. Our catalyst can potentially become a promising replacement for Pt catalysts in metal-air batteries and fuel cells.
Peptide Mimics of the Ribosomal P Stalk Inhibit the Activity of Ricin A Chain by Preventing Ribosome Binding (2018)

Ricin A chain (RTA) depurinates the sarcin/ricin loop (SRL) by interacting with the C-termini of the ribosomal P stalk. The ribosome interaction site and the active site are located on opposite faces of RTA. The interaction with P proteins allows RTA to depurinate the SRL on the ribosome at physiological pH with an extremely high activity by orienting the active site towards the SRL. Therefore, if an inhibitor disrupts RTA⁻ribosome interaction by binding to the ribosome binding site of RTA, it should inhibit the depurination activity. To test this model, we synthesized peptides mimicking the last 3 to 11 amino acids of P proteins and examined their interaction with wild-type RTA and ribosome binding mutants by Biacore. We measured the inhibitory activity of these peptides on RTA-mediated depurination of yeast and rat liver ribosomes. We found that the peptides interacted with the ribosome binding site of RTA and inhibited depurination activity by disrupting RTA⁻ribosome interactions. The shortest peptide that could interact with RTA and inhibit its activity was four amino acids in length. RTA activity was inhibited by disrupting its interaction with the P stalk without targeting the active site, establishing the ribosome binding site as a new target for inhibitor discovery.
Symmetry-modified conformational mapping and classification of the medium rings from crystallographic data. II. exo-unsaturated and heterocyclic seven-membered rings (1994)

Crystallographic results derived from the Cambridge Structural Database (CSD) have been used to perform a systematic conformational analysis for methylenecycloheptane, oxocycloheptane, azocycloheptane, oxepane, azepane and for the e-lactone and e-lactam fragments. Conformational mappings based on symmetry-adapted deformation coordinates and principal component scores show that ring conformations in these fragments fall almost exclusively on the chair-twist-chair pseudorotation pathway. Symmetry-modified Jarvis-Patrick clustering has been used to generate conformational classifications in a semi-automated manner. A manual classification was preferred for the oxocycloheptanes due to wide conformational diversity within a rather small data set. Energy calculations have also been carried out for these systems using force-field methods and a novel conformation-hunting algorithm that attempts to locate all local minima without recourse to ring cleavage and reformation. There is good qualitative agreement between the crystallographic observations of conformation and the calculated features of the potential energy hypersurface, despite the wide variety of substitution patterns covered by the crystallographic results.
Preparation of Porous Film of Copper Molybdenum Sulfide by a Solid‐Gas Reaction (1986)

Chevrel phases of the type M/sub x/Mo/sub 6/S/sub 8-9/ (M = metal ion) are an important class of compounds because of their interesting structural, superconducting, and magnetic properties. Attempts are also being made to exploit the possibilities of their use as electrode material. Some investigators used bulk specimen or pellets of one of the Chevrel phases, copper molybdenum sulfides (CMS), as a rechargeable cathode material for lithium secondary batteries. A porous thin film of CMS would be suitable as an electrode in developing a high energy compact secondary battery. CMS thin films are usually prepared by a dc getter sputtering method or by an evaporation technique. However, films produced by any of these methods often contain an impurity phase other than the pure CMS phase. A new technique of preparing porous and coherent thin films of CMS on Cu/sub 2/S has been developed. The preparation technique and the properties of the film, along with the results of incorporation of Li/sup -/ ion into this film, are presented in this paper.
Inducible pluripotent stem cell-derived mesenchymal stem cell therapy effectively protected kidney from acute ischemia-reperfusion injury. (2018)

This study tested whether inducible pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) therapy could effectively protect kidney from acute ischemia (1 h) - reperfusion (5 day) injury (IRI). Male-adult SD-rats (n = 24) were equally categorized into groups 1 (sham-control), 2 [sham-control + iPSC-MSC (1.2 × 10<sup>6</sup> cells/rat)], 3 (IR only) and 4 (IR + iPSC-MSC). Blood urine nitrogen/creatinine levels and ratio of urine protein to creatinine, kidney weight and expressions of inflammation (TNF-α/NF-κB), oxidative-stress (NOX-1/NOX-2/oxidized protein) and apoptosis (mitochondrial-Bax/cleaved caspase-3/PARP) were significantly higher in group 3 than in groups 1, 2 and 4 and significantly higher in group 4 than in groups 1 and 2 (all P<0.0001), but showed no differences between groups 1 and 2, whereas the protein expressions of anti-inflammation (IL-4/IL-10) and endothelial (CD31/vWF) markers exhibited an opposite pattern to inflammation among the four groups (all P<0.0001). Protein expressions of angiogenesis (VEGF/CXCR4/SDF-1α) markers progressively increased from groups 1 to 4 (all P<0.0001). Cellular expressions of kidney injury score/DNA-damage (γ-H2AX)/apoptotic nuclei and glomerulus-tubular-damage (KIM/FSP-1) displayed an identical pattern to inflammation, whereas the cellular expressions of glomerulus-tubular-integrity (dystroglycan/podocin/p-cadherin/synaptopodin/ZO-1/fibronectin) revealed an opposite pattern to inflammation among the four groups (all P<0.0001). In conclusion, iPSC-derived MSC therapy effectively protected kidney against IRI.