gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Distributed Control of Multiagent Systems under Heterogeneity (2020)

The overarching objective of this work is to propose solutions to quite a few distributed control problems arising from networks of heterogeneous agents or the heterogeneous nature of multiagent systems. Each problem with its solutions is concisely summarized below.\nWe consider the cooperative output regulation problem of heterogeneous linear multiagent systems over fixed directed communication graphs. The purpose of this problem is to design a distributed control law such that the overall closed-loop stability is ensured and the tracking error of each agent converges to zero asymptotically for a class of reference inputs and disturbances generated by a so-called exosystem. We investigate the solvability of the problem with internal model-based distributed control laws, namely dynamic state feedback, dynamic output feedback with local measurement, and dynamic output feedback. The approach is twofold: First, the overall closed-loop stability (i.e., global property) is assumed and it is shown, under mild assumptions, that the problem is solved. Second, an agent-wise local sufficient condition is derived to guarantee the global property under standard assumptions.\nThen, we update the definition of the linear cooperative output regulation problem to allow not only common output synchronization among agents but also an additional output synchronization among a proper subset of the agents for a distributed dynamic state feedback control law that does not exchange its state variables through a communication graph. Similar to the above-mentioned approach, its solvability is investigated by making use of the internal model design from the linear output regulation theory and a small-gain theorem for large-scale interconnected systems.\nThis dissertation also focuses on distributed control of linear multiagent systems with both global and local objectives over fixed directed communication graphs. While the global objective is achieving leaderless synchronization (i.e., consensus) or synchronization to a leader, local objectives for a subset of agents are tasks determined by agent-specific dynamical systems around the synchronization mapping of the global objective. Our main goal is to design a distributed control law such that each agent obeys the global objective when it is not assigned the local task and performs its own local objective otherwise. To this end, we construct reference models for all agents via two existing synchronization results, introduce two classes of distributed controllers, and formally define the considered problems. Then, they are solved by utilizing the converging-input converging-state property for a class of linear systems and the feedforward design approach from the linear output regulation theory.
Guidelines for the subarachnoid liemo A guideline for healthcare professionals from the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association (2012)

背景和目的本指南旨在为动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血（aneurysmalsubarachnoidhemorrhage，aSAH）的诊断和治疗提供最新的全面推荐意见。方法对MEDLINE数据库进行正式的文献检索（2006年11月1日至2010年5月1日）。使用证据表对资料进行综合。写作组成员通过电话会议讨论根据文献资料得出的推荐意见。采用美国心脏协会卒中委员会制定的证据级别分类标准对每一条推荐意见进行分级。7名同行评议专家以及卒中委员会领导层和手稿监督委员会成员对本指南草稿进行了审议。计划每3年对本指南全面更新一次。结果制定出aSAH患者医疗诊治的循证指南。本指南被分为以下几个部分：发病率、危险因素、预防、自然病史和转归、诊断、再出血预防、破裂动脉瘤的手术和血管内修补、医疗体系、术中麻醉管理、对血管痉挛和迟发性脑缺血的处理、脑积水的处理、痫性发作的处理以及并发症的处理。结论aSAH是一种严重的临床急症，早期、积极和专业的医疗诊治可显著改善转归。本指南为aSAH患者的目标指导性治疗提供了一个框架。
Nucleophilic radiofluorination of aryl halides with K18F mediated by well-defined copper complexes (2020)

583 Objectives: Identifying novel methods for the synthesis of 18F aryl fluorides is of importance in the development and synthesis of radiotracers for Positron Emission Tomography. Accessing 18F aryl fluorides through halogen exchange of aryl halides is attractive because of the stability and synthetic accessibility of aryl halides. Nevertheless, radiofluorination of aryl halides is currently limited to SNAr-type reactivity, which generally requires electron deficient substrates and forcing conditions and gives poor yields. We report a new procedure for the synthesis of 18F aryl fluorides from the corresponding aryl halides (-Br, -Cl or -I) using K18F and a well-defined organometallic copper complex. Our method is compatible with electron-rich substrates, in contrast to most SNAr methods, and has been applied to the synthesis of pharmaceutically relevant radiolabeled products.
 Methods: Fluorine-18 was prepared using a PETTrace cyclotron via the 18O(p, n)18F nuclear reaction, and K[18F]F was prepared and azeotropically dried using a TRACERLab FXFN automated radiochemistry synthesis module (General Electric, GE)according to our previously reported procedure (Org. Lett. 2016, 18, 5440−5443). A solution of the CuI complex and aryl halide substrate in anhydrous, air-free DMF was transferred to the reaction vial, heated, and analyzed by radio-TLC and radio-HPLC to determine product identity and radiochemical conversion (RCC). Reactions were run and analyzed manually or automated using a TRACERLab FXFN synthesis module.
 Results: The appropriate selection of L in L-Cu-OTf facilitates the radiofluorination of a variety of electron-rich and -poor aryl halide substrates with R = various directing groups. Modest to good yields (9-74% RCC) are obtained in 30 min at 140 °C. This system has been successfully applied to the radiofluorination of pharmaceutically relevant substrates, including the anti-cancer pharmaceutical Vismodegib and MK-2 inhibitor PH-089. Automation of the method for model substrate 2-(2-bromophenyl)pyridine resulted in 18F incorporation with good molar activity (1614 ± 353 Ci/mmol, n=2) and modest isolated yield (56.1 mCi ± 13; 6.7 ± 1.5% yield, n=2).
 Conclusions: The use of a copper organometallic complex has enabled the nucleophilic fluorination of aryl halides using K[18F]F. This method is tolerant of electron-rich substrates not generally amenable to traditional SNAr reactivity, and ongoing work is focused on leveraging it in the preparation of novel radiotracers from readily accessible and stable aryl halide precursors.
Acknowledgments. Research reported in this publication was supported by the National Institute Of General Medical Sciences of the National Institutes of Health under Award Number F32GM136022 (LSS) and the National Institutes of Health under award number R01EB021155 (MSS and PJHS).
Fabrication, characterization and comparison of composite magnetic materials for high efficiency integrated voltage regulators with embedded magnetic core micro-inductors (2017)

High-efficiency integrated voltage regulators (IVRs) require the integration of power inductors, which have low loss and reduced size at very high frequency. The use of a magnetic material core can reduce significantly the inductor area and simultaneously increase the inductance. This paper focuses on the fabrication, characterization and modeling of nickel zinc (NiZn) ferrite and carbonyl iron powder (CIP)-epoxy magnetic composite materials, which are used as the magnetic core materials of embedded inductors in a printed wiring board (PWB) for a system in package (SIP) based buck type IVR. The fabricated composite materials and process are fully compatible with FR4 epoxy resin prepreg and laminate. For 85% weight loading of the magnetic powder (around 100 MHz at room temperature), the composite materials show a relative permeability of 7.5–8.1 for the NiZn ferrite composite and 5.2–5.6 for the CIP composite and a loss tangent value of 0.24–0.28 for the NiZn ferrite composite and 0.09–0.1 for the CIP-composite. The room temperature saturation flux density values are 0.1351 T and 0.5280 T for the NiZn ferrite and the CIP composites, respectively. The frequency dispersion parameters of the magnetic composites are modeled using a simplified Lorentz and Landau–Lifshitz–Gilbert equation for a Debye type relaxation. Embedded magnetic core solenoid inductors were designed based on the composite materials for the output filter of a high-efficiency SIP based buck type IVR. Evaluation of a SIP based buck type IVR with the designed inductors shows that it can reach peak efficiencies of 91.7% at 11 MHz for the NiZn ferrite-composite, 91.6% at 14 MHz for CIP-composite and 87.5% (NiZn ferrite-composite) and 87.3% (CIP-composite) efficiency at 100 MHz for a 1.7 V:1.05 V conversion. For a direct 5 V:1 V conversion using a stacked topology, a peak efficiency of 82% at 10 MHz and 72% efficiency at 100 MHz can be achieved for both materials.
Novel skeletal diterpenoids from the Japanese liverwort Pallavicinia subciliata. (1998)

The diethyl ether extract of Pallavicinia subciliata yielded unique skeletal diterpenoids in addition to the previously known compound. The structures of six new diterpenoids have been established by 2D NMR and/or X-ray crystallographic analysis. They are shown to be a modified labdane-type diterpenoid.
A unique domain in RANK is required for Gab2 and PLCγ2 binding to establish osteoclastogenic signals (2009)

TRAF6 is essential for osteoclastogenesis and for both RANK- and CD40-mediated activation of IKK and MAPKs. RANK, but not CD40, can promote osteoclastogenesis because only RANK induces NFATc1 activation through PLCgamma2-induced Ca(2+) oscillations together with the co-stimulatory signals emanating from immune receptors linked to ITAM-containing adaptors. These previous data suggest that RANK harbors a unique domain that functions in concert with the TRAF6-binding site in osteoclastogenesis. Here we identify such a domain, highly conserved domain in RANK (HCR), which is dispensable for the early phase of RANK and ITAM signaling but is essential for their late-phase signaling, including sustained activation of NF-kappaB and PLCgamma2 leading to NFATc1 activation. HCR recruits an adaptor protein, Gab2, which further associates with PLCgamma2 in the late phase. Formation of the HCR-mediated signaling complex could account for the sustained activation of NF-kappaB and PLCgamma2. The present study identifies HCR as a unique domain that plays a critical role in the long-term linkage between RANK and ITAM signals, providing a molecular basis for therapeutic strategies.
Accurate Co-Segmentation in High-Throughput And High Dimensional Plant Image Sequences (2022)

Cosegmentation is a recent and rapidly emerging and rapidly growing extension of segmentation, which aims to detect the common object(s) in a group of images. Current cosegmentation methods are ideal and effective only for certain dataset types with limited features that still produce errors making it difficult to obtain detailed metrics of object parts. We propose to build a unified, trainable framework that incorporates multiple features of a high-throughput dataset’s segmented images from multiple algorithms using cosegmentation. Specifically, we propose a novel Cosegmentation for Plant Phenotyping Network (CoPPNet) that utilizes a Fully Convolutional Neural Network with a K-Means Clustering feedback loop for optimal temporal loss. The results from this study will set the benchmark for a novel advancement in computer vision segmentation accuracy and plant phenomics to better understand a plant’s environmental interactions for maximal resilience and yield.
Design and analysis of a diffraction-limited cat’s-eye retroreflector (2002)

We describe a design for a modified, cat's-eye retroreflector. The design is catadioptric, containing a single concave mirror and several lenses. This retroreflector design exhibits a unique combination of performance characteristics. It is diffraction limited over a large field angle while operating with a large aperture and numerical aperture. There is little vignetting of the optical beam, even at large field angles, providing good light return at all angles of incidence. It brings the light beam to a focus and allows access to the light near the focal plane, thus decoupling the size of the aperture from the size of devices used with the retroreflector. This final feature makes the design appealing for use with spatial light modulators, or other optical or electro-optical components.
HuBMAP | GE/ University of Washington Cell DIVE™ Modality Overview v1 (2022)

This is an overview of all protocols currently in use for the GE/University of Washington Cell DIVE collaboration for the Human BioMolecular Atlas Program (HuBMAP). It includes links to each of the individual protocols that make up this project workflow.
Ploidy in mesenteric vessels of aged spontaneously hypertensive and Wistar-Kyoto rats. (1989)

Long-term regulation of blood pressure in a hypertensive rat may be mediated by elevated DNA content of smooth muscle cells of resistance vessels. This study explores DNA changes represented by an increased frequency of polyploid cells in multiple levels of the mesenteric arterial tree of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and age-matched Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) control rats. Two ages were examined: 45 and 78-80 weeks of age. SHR and WKY rats did not differ in frequency of polyploid cells at any mesenteric branch level at either age. Although hypertension per se seemed not to be a factor, both species showed increased numbers of polyploid cells with aging at certain branch levels of the mesenteric arterial tree. The data in the current study support the idea that hypertension and aging may result in similar and possibly additive changes in DNA in the vessel wall.
Hydrogen storage in molecular compounds (2004)

At low temperature (T) and high pressure (P), gas molecules can be held in ice cages to form crystalline molecular compounds that may have application for energy storage. We synthesized a hydrogen clathrate hydrate, H(2)(H(2)O)(2), that holds 50 g/liter hydrogen by volume or 5.3 wt %. The clathrate, synthesized at 200-300 MPa and 240-249 K, can be preserved to ambient P at 77 K. The stored hydrogen is released when the clathrate is warmed to 140 K at ambient P. Low T also stabilizes other molecular compounds containing large amounts of molecular hydrogen, although not to ambient P, e.g., the stability field for H(2)(H(2)O) filled ice (11.2 wt % molecular hydrogen) is extended from 2,300 MPa at 300 K to 600 MPa at 190 K, and that for (H(2))(4)CH(4) (33.4 wt % molecular hydrogen) is extended from 5,000 MPa at 300 K to 200 MPa at 77 K. These unique characteristics show the potential of developing low-T molecular crystalline compounds as a new means for hydrogen storage.
Regularizing Autoencoder-Based Matrix Completion Models via Manifold\n Learning (2018)

Autoencoders are popular among neural-network-based matrix completion models\ndue to their ability to retrieve potential latent factors from the partially\nobserved matrices. Nevertheless, when training data is scarce their performance\nis significantly degraded due to overfitting. In this paper, we mit- igate\noverfitting with a data-dependent regularization technique that relies on the\nprinciples of multi-task learning. Specifically, we propose an\nautoencoder-based matrix completion model that performs prediction of the\nunknown matrix values as a main task, and manifold learning as an auxiliary\ntask. The latter acts as an inductive bias, leading to solutions that\ngeneralize better. The proposed model outperforms the existing\nautoencoder-based models designed for matrix completion, achieving high\nreconstruction accuracy in well-known datasets.\n
Epoxidation Catalysis by a Manganese Corrole and Isolation of an Oxomanganese(V) Corrole (2000)

Was Porphyrine können, können Corrole schon lange! Die einfache Synthese des verhältnismäßig stabilen, spektroskopisch charakterisierten Oxomangan(V)-Corrols 2 gelang aus [Mn(tpfc)] 1 (H3(tpfc)=5,10,15-Tris(pentafluorphenyl)corrol), einem milden Katalysator für die Epoxidierung von Styrol mit Iodosylbenzol.
De Bruijn graphs and their applications to fault tolerant networks (2011)

The goal of this expository paper is to introduce De Bruijn graphs and discuss their applications to fault tolerant networks. We will begin by examining N.G. de Bruijn’s original paper and the proof of his claim that there are exactly 2 n−1−n De Bruijn cycles in the binary De Bruijn graph B(2, n). In order to study fault tolerance we explore the properties of Hamiltonian and Eulerian cycles that occur on De Bruijn graphs and the type of redundancy that occurs as a result. Lastly, in this paper we seek to provide some guidance into further research on De Bruijn graphs and their potential applications to other areas.
The Role of the Novel Nuclear Tyrosine Kinase, RAK, in Breast Cancer Biology (1997)

Abstract : The Rak tyrosine kinase is a 54 kDa protein with SH2 and SH3 domains at its amino terminus. Although Rak resembles the Src-related kinases structurally, Rak differs in that it is expressed primarily in epithelial cells and localizes to the nucleus. We have found that Rak inhibits the growth of NIH 3T3 cells as determined by a colony formation assay. Furthermore, induction of Rak expression from a dexamethasone-inducible promoter leads to enlarged, flattened cells. There are two potential effectors of Rak's growth inhibitory activity, Rak binds to the retinoblastoma tumor suppressor protein pRb and the cell cycle regulatory kinase CDC2. However, we have found that Rak inhibited growth equally in the Rb+ osteosarcoma cell line U2- Os and the Rb-minus osteosarcoma cell line Saos-2, suggesting that binding to Rb is not required for Rak's biological activity. The parallel experiment for CDC2 was not possible because CDC2 is an essential gene. Finally, we have found that Rak localizes to chromosome 6q21. This site is frequently altered in a variety of human tumors, including breast tumors. Thus, Rak is a kinase with growth inhibitory activity that localizes to a putative tumor suppressor locus.
NMR and molecular modeling studies of the interaction of berenil and pentamidine with d(CGCAAATTTGCG)2 (1993)

The interaction of two anti-trypanosomal agents, berenil and pentamidine, with the A+T-rich dodecamer d(CGCAAATTTGCG)2 has been examined by high-resolution 1H-NMR, optical spectroscopy, and molecular modeling. Proton assignments for the free DNA and each DNA-ligand complex were obtained using nuclear Overhauser enhancement spectroscopy and total correlation spectroscopy. Complexation induces large changes in chemical shift for protons in the DNA minor groove for the A5-T9 segment, and intermolecular NOEs reveal contacts between the DNA bases and each ligand. The asymmetric binding site for berenil indicated by the NMR data suggests that at least two overlapping sites are involved. Rapid exchange between symmetrically-equivalent binding sites, via dissociative rearrangement, is consistent with retention of twofold degeneracy for both the ligand and the DNA host. Calculations of binding energy confirm that this DNA duplex contains overlapping sites of similar binding affinity. In contrast, the larger pentamidine molecule occupies a site that spans four or five bp, with asymmetric binding to the minor-groove 5'-ATTT sequence. The B-type conformation of the DNA is not altered substantially by either ligand.
Assessment of DC/DC converters for use in DC nodes for offshore grids (2012)

With increasing offshore wind generation, there is a strong argument for implementing a multi-terminal DC grid offshore by the interconnection of individual HVDC links. The point of intersection of three or more lines can be used to interconnect projects with different voltage levels and to control power distribution. It is being proposed that these points, or nodes, be implemented using DC devices. A high-voltage, high-power DC/DC converter will therefore be an important component of a DC node. This paper reviews possible DC/DC converter topologies, looking at device requirement, different voltage conversion ratio and fault management. The suitability of the converters considered, for use in a node in a HVDC offshore grid, is discussed. A resonant DC/DC converter topology is considered in detail and is modelled at a conversion ratio of two, and demonstrates high power efficiency. (6 pages)
Biomedical Applications of Chitin, Chitosan, and Their Derivatives (2000)

Chitin, a natural polymer, is the second most abundant organic resource on the earth next to cellulose [1]. It is an exoskeleton of crustacean, cuticle of insects, and cell wall of fungi. An estima...
Simulation and Prototype Experiment Research of a Four Stroke Free Piston Engine (2018)

A four-stroke free-piston engine system is proposed. The simulation model of the engine system is built and the working process of the system is simulated. Based on the results of the simulation, an experimental prototype is fabricated. The prototype can achieve continuous and stable operation. When the throttle valve position is 18.5%, the system output power is 3.1kw and the power efficiency of the system reaches 38.4%.
Tunable Light–Matter Hybridization in Open Organic Microcavities (2017)

Open microcavities represent a versatile cavity design that allows the external control of internal properties such as cavity thickness and mode detuning without changing the key parameters of the cavity itself, rendering them particularly interesting for light–matter interaction experiments. Here, we demonstrate the tunability of an open microcavity with an embedded active organic layer providing parallel alignment of molecular transition dipole moments as well as strong self-absorption inside the cavity. By decreasing the cavity thickness, we observe a transition from the weak coupling regime into the strong coupling regime evidenced by the onset of avoided crossing behavior between involved modes. This change of coupling mechanism is shown for 2D (planar) as well as 0D (hemispherical) cavities.
Validation of a Numerical Model for Predicting Stalled Flows in a Low-Speed Fan (2017)

This paper investigates the rotating stall for a low-speed/low-pressure ratio fan blade. The type of stall studied in this paper is similar to the multi cell, part span rotating stall, which can occur on the front stages of the core compressors. Although this type of rotating stall may not result in surge or massive loss of power, it can cause excessive vibration and noise. It was found that the standard Spalart-Allmaras (SA) model implemented in the CFD solver used in this work predicts premature stall, which is in line with the observation of other researchers who use the SA model. Therefore, to improve the prediction of the stall boundary, the standard SA model was modified by scaling the source term in the model based on the local pressure gradient and the velocity helicity of the flow. Furthermore, a generalized wall function valid for non-zero wall pressure gradient was implemented to improve the accuracy of boundary conditions at the wall. The turbulence modelling part of this work aims to produce a turbulence model which can be used to model the flows near the stall boundary for the transonic fan blades on relatively coarse grids of around 300k points per passage. Initially, two fan blades with different design and operating speeds were used to optimize the new parameters in the modified turbulence model. The optimization was based on improving the correlation between measured and numerical radial profiles of the pressure ratio. Thereafter, steady computations were performed for two other blades (with the same parameters) and the predictions were compared with the experimental data for all the four fan blades. Numerical results showed a significant improvement over those obtained with the original SA model, when compared against the measured data. In the second part, the modified turbulence model was used to study the flow near the stalled region. Three-dimensional, whole assembly unsteady simulations were performed for a modern low speed fan rig for which extensive measured data were available. Stall simulations were conducted at 80% speed, which contained a part with positive slope on the measured constant speed characteristic. The results indicated that by using an unsteady whole assembly approach and the modified turbulence model, it is possible to predict the flow for all the points on the measured constant speed characteristic (including those on the positive slope part).