gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Sequence analysis of heteropolymeric DNA synthesized in vitro by the enzyme terminal deoxy-nucleotidyl transferase and cloned inEscherichia coli (1982)

We have synthesized in vitro single strands of DNA in reaction mixtures containing the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (Bollum's enzyme), an oligo-dG as primer, the four common deoxynucleoside triphosphates and both Mg and Co ions. The resulting heteropolymers have been converted into double strands, tailed with oligo-dC sequences, annealed with an oligo-dG tailed plasmid vector and cloned in E. coli. Six recombinant plasmids have been isolated and characterized. Two of them have been sequenced. The heteropolymeric chains produced by the terminal transferase, ranging in size between 200 and 400 nucleotides, are richer in purines than in pyrimidines, except in the last portions. Open reading frames for 7-20 amino acids with repeated, in phase translational stop codons are present in these sequences and in their complements.
Supplementary Figure 8 from Targeted Therapy for <i>BRAF<sup>V600E</sup></i> Malignant Astrocytoma (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 222K&lt;/p&gt;
Notes on the biology and distribution of Trapezites taori Atkins (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae) (2004)

(Uploaded by Plazi from the Biodiversity Heritage Library) No abstract provided.
Formulation, preparation and dissolution characteristics of propranolol hydrochloride microspheres (1994)

Propranolol HCl was encapsulated with cellulose acetate butyrate (CAB) by an emulsion-solvent evaporation method to obtain discrete, spherical microspheres. The effects of drug to polymer ratio and microsphere size on dissolution characteristics were studied. Drug release was faster in simulated intestinal fluid than in simulated gastric fluid. Unencapsulated propranolol HCl powder had very rapid dissolution, as expected. Release rate from CAB microspheres increased with higher drug to polymer ratios and decreased with increasing diameter. Drug release from microspheres sizes larger than 180 microns was reasonably well described by the spherical matrix model. For microsphere size fractions between 127 and 359 microns the relationship between the 50 per cent release time and the square of the microsphere diameter was linear (r = 0.9999).
Cold Spray Process (2013)

Abstract The distinguishing feature of the cold spray process, when compared with the conventional thermal spray process, is its ability to produce coatings with high-velocity rather than high-temperature particle jet. This article provides an overview of the cold spray process and the parameters that affect both the process deposition efficiency and properties of the prepared coatings. It describes a variety of cold spray coating materials, namely, pure metals, ferrous and nonferrous metal alloys, composites, and cermets. The article presents various industrial applications of cold spray coatings.
Mood Disorders (1989)

Emotional reactions are part of our biological heritage as social mammals. For us, as for our prehuman and preprimate forbears, emotions appear to have survival value—for species, as well as for individuals. Particularly in the vulnerable years of infancy (an especially long period in Homo sapiens), the behavioral expression of emotions, with their frequent accompaniment of interpersonal responses, enhances the likelihood of biological survival. For example, a newborn experiences the loss of physical support: his eyes open wide, his heart races, he cries; the observer interprets the child's experience as anxiety, feels his own discomfort, moves to readjust the infant to provide support. Or, a baby's mother goes away. After an initial bout of protest, the child lapses into a period of apathy and despair ("anaclitic depression"). This will engender in most adults a desire to provide emotional support for the child, such as physical support was rendered in the earlier instance. And similarly, even in adulthood we communicate both physiological and psychological needs through our emotional expressions, needs usually meetable and met by kith and kin.
USING SOIL SURVEY FOR DETERMINING AGRICULTURAL LAND TAXES (2018)

The Present Study shows that the agricultural Land taxes represent 1/10 percentage. But now these taxes developed as a result of floor of the state and passing from guard state to interference state to end by recent producer state. The taxes became as active tool for the policy of financial and realization of goals for economic and social development. Many laws published to organize the rules of agricultural land taxes which its receptacle deal with agricultural land, cultured or un- cultured, virtuous or not virtuous for tillage and with a certain percentage of produce depending on the elements of rent value. And the taxes were imposed with an average from "1% to 15%", depending on the experience of experts in this field. Our study confirms that, by using soil survey and classification and its attached map, and using equations deals with properties of soil, we get a rational estimation of tax or imposition on agricultural land in an equity and justice grade.
Peripherally inserted central catheter placement in swine using magnet detection. (2000)

Positioning a PICC in the lower half of the superior vena cava is a crucial aspect of its safety and efficacy. A magnet detection system evaluated in this animal study presents a method that allows PICC placements to be performed without fluoroscopy. Forty-four localizations were studied in six pigs. The detection system located magnet-tagged PICCs with an average error of 0.40 cm and a standard deviation of 0.29 cm. The system provided real-time information about the path and orientation of the PICC tip during difficult insertions. This study demonstrates the accuracy of this magnet location system.
Susceptibility of the Strawberry Crown Moth (Lepidoptera: Sesiidae) to Entomopathogenic Nematodes (2008)

The objective of this study was to determine the susceptibility of the strawberry crown moth, Synanthedon bibionipennis (Boisduval) (Lepidoptera: Sesiidae) larvae to two species of entomopathogenic nematodes. The entomopathogenic nematodes Steinernema carpocapsae (Weiser) strain Agriotos and Heterorhabditis bacteriophora (Steiner) strain Oswego were evaluated in laboratory soil bioassays and the field. Both nematode species were highly infective in the laboratory bioassays. Last instars were extremely susceptible to nematode infection in the laboratory, even in the protected environment inside the strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa Duch.) crown. Infectivity in the laboratory was 96 and 94% for S. carpocapsae and H. bacteriophora, respectively. Field applications in late fall (October) were less effective with S. carpocapsae and H. bacteriophora, resulting in 51 and 33% infection, respectively. Larval mortality in the field from both nematode treatments was significantly greater than the control, but treatments were substantially less efficacious than in the laboratory. Soil temperature after nematode applications in the field (11 degrees C mean daily temperature) was below minimum establishment temperatures for both nematode species for a majority of the post-application period. It is clear from laboratory data that strawberry crown moth larvae are extremely susceptible to nematode infection. Improved control in the field is likely if nematode applications are made in late summer to early fall when larvae are present in the soil and soil temperatures are more favorable for nematode infection.
Atomically thin layers of MoS2via a two step thermal evaporation–exfoliation method (2011)

Two dimensional molybdenum disulfide (MoS(2)) has recently become of interest to semiconductor and optic industries. However, the current methods for its synthesis require harsh environments that are not compatible with standard fabrication processes. We report on a facile synthesis method of layered MoS(2) using a thermal evaporation technique, which requires modest conditions. In this process, a mixture of MoS(2) and molybdenum dioxide (MoO(2)) is produced by evaporating sulfur powder and molybdenum trioxide (MoO(3)) nano-particles simultaneously. Further annealing in a sulfur-rich environment transforms majority of the excess MoO(2) into layered MoS(2). The deposited MoS(2) is then mechanically exfoliated into minimum resolvable atomically thin layers, which are characterized using micro-Raman spectroscopy and atomic force microscopy. Furthermore Raman spectroscopy is employed to determine the effect of electrochemical lithium ion exposure on atomically thin layers of MoS(2).
Alcoholic Beverage Preference, 29-Year Mortality, and Quality of Life in Men in Old Age (2007)

In this male cohort from the highest social class, wine preference was associated with lower mortality and better quality of life in old age. Mortality advantage was independent of overall alcohol consumption and cardiovascular risk factors, but contributing personal characteristics or early life differences cannot be excluded.
Clinical aspects of diabetic neuropathies (1988)

Diabetic neuropathy is a common complication of diabetes that may be associated both with considerable morbidity (painful polyneuropathy, neuropathic ulceration) and mortality (autonomic neuropathy). The epidemiology and natural history of diabetic neuropathy is clouded with uncertainty, largely due to confusion in the definition and measurement of this disorder. We have reviewed a variety of the clinical manifestations associated with somatic and autonomic neuropathy and discussed current views related to the management of the different abnormalities. Although unproven, the best evidence suggests that near normal control of blood glucose in the early years following onset of diabetes may help delay the development of clinically significant nerve impairment. Intensive therapy to achieve normalization of blood glucose may also lead to reversibility of early diabetic neuropathy, but again this is unproven. Our ability to manage successfully the many different manifestations of diabetic neuropathy depends ultimately on our success in uncovering the pathogenic processes underlying this disorder. The recent resurgence of interest in the vascular hypothesis, for example, has opened up new avenues of investigation for therapeutic intervention. Paralleling our increased understanding of the pathogenesis of diabetic neuropathy, there must be refinements in our ability to measure quantitatively the different types of defects that occur in this disorder. These tests must be validated and standardized to allow comparability between studies and more meaningful interpretation of study results.
An Immunoprotective Privilege of Corneal Epithelial Stem Cells Against Th17 Inflammatory Stress by Producing Glial Cell-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (2010)

Adult stem cells are well known for their self-renewal and regenerative capacity. The mechanisms protecting these cells from inflammatory damage have not been well elucidated. This study investigated the immunoprotective properties of corneal epithelial stem cells from inflammation by producing glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF). Primary human limbal epithelial cells (HLECs) cultured from limbal explants were treated with interleukin (IL)-17A, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, or hyperosmotic media, with or without GDNF or nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) inhibitor (NF-κB-I) for 4-48 hours. Inflammatory mediators and Th17-inducing cytokines were determined by real-time polymerase chain reaction, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and immunobead assays. NF-κB activation was detected by p65 phosphorylation, immunostaining and Western blotting. GDNF and its receptor, GDNF family receptor α-1, were exclusively immunolocalized in the basal layer of limbal epithelium, whereas IL-17 receptor was negative in these cells. Exogenous IL-17A stimulated the expression and production of inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β) and chemokine IL-8 by HLECs. Th17-inducing cytokines, transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1, IL-6, IL-23, and IL-1β, were significantly increased at mRNA and protein levels by HLECs exposed to TNF-α or hyperosmotic media. IL-17 activated NF-κB by p65 phosphorylation at serine 536 and nuclear translocation. GDNF or NF-κB-I blocked IL-17-induced NF-κB p65 activation and production of inflammatory mediators. Furthermore, GDNF suppressed the production of Th17-inducing cytokines through inhibiting NF-κB activation. These findings demonstrate that limbal progenitor cell-produced neurotrophic factor GDNF suppresses IL-17-mediated inflammation via NF-κB signaling pathway. This may represent a unique immunoprotective property of limbal stem cells against inflammatory challenges on the ocular surface.
Within-process and seasonal changes during industrial production of high-density fibreboard. Part 1: Influence of wood species composition on polyoses in the products (2012)

Abstract Industrially produced high-density fibreboard fibres are inhomogeneous in structure and chemical composition. Changes in polysaccharide chemistry during processing have an impact on strength loss, fibre separation and structural alterations. In the present study, carbohydrate composition of extracted wood chips and refiner fibres was monitored for a year at an industrial HDF plant. The polysaccharides were analysed via methanolysis and quantification of the monomeric sugars released. Significant reductions of arabinose, xylose, rhamnose and galacturonic acid were observed. The amount of glucose and extractable substances increased. The depletion of galacturonic acid and rhamnose indicates a degradation of pectin located in the compound middle lamella. The diminishing amounts of the other sugars and elevated extractive contents are a result of hemicellulose degradation. A pronounced seasonal variability of the data was observed depending on the processed wood species and degree of chemical degradation.
Multi-Task Training with In-Domain Language Models for Diagnostic Reasoning (2023)

Generative artificial intelligence (AI) is a promising direction for augmenting clinical diagnostic decision support and reducing diagnostic errors, a leading contributor to medical errors. To further the development of clinical AI systems, the Diagnostic Reasoning Benchmark (DR.BENCH) was introduced as a comprehensive generative AI framework, comprised of six tasks representing key components in clinical reasoning. We present a comparative analysis of in-domain versus out-of-domain language models as well as multi-task versus single task training with a focus on the problem summarization task in DR.BENCH (Gao et al., 2023). We demonstrate that a multi-task, clinically-trained language model outperforms its general domain counterpart by a large margin, establishing a new state-of-the-art performance, with a ROUGE-L score of 28.55. This research underscores the value of domain-specific training for optimizing clinical diagnostic reasoning tasks.
Influence of the elemental composition and crystal structure on the vacuum properties of Ti–Zr–V nonevaporable getter films (2001)

Nonevaporable thin film getters based on the elements of the fourth and fifth columns of the periodic table were deposited by sputtering. Among the some 20 alloys studied to date, the lowest activation temperature (about 180 °C for a 24 h heating) was found in the Ti–Zr–V system with a well-defined composition range. Characterization of the activation behavior of such Ti–Zr–V films is presented. The evolution of the surface chemical composition during activation is monitored by Auger electron spectroscopy and the functional properties are evaluated by pumping speed measurements. The pumping speed characteristics are quite similar to those already measured for commercially available nonevaporable getter materials, except for the much lower saturation coverage for CO. This inconvenience, which is due to the smooth surface structure of these films, can be counteracted by increasing the roughness of the substrate.
CRISPhieRmix: a hierarchical mixture model for CRISPR pooled screens (2018)

Pooled CRISPR screens allow researchers to interrogate genetic causes of complex phenotypes at the genome-wide scale and promise higher specificity and sensitivity compared to competing technologies. Unfortunately, two problems exist, particularly for CRISPRi/a screens: variability in guide efficiency and large rare off-target effects. We present a method, CRISPhieRmix, that resolves these issues by using a hierarchical mixture model with a broad-tailed null distribution. We show that CRISPhieRmix allows for more accurate and powerful inferences in large-scale pooled CRISPRi/a screens. We discuss key issues in the analysis and design of screens, particularly the number of guides needed for faithful full discovery.
Six-Membered Hetarenes with Two Identical Heteroatoms (2004)

Science of Synthesis: Houben-Weyl Methods of Molecular Transformations is the entirely new edition of the acclaimed reference series Houben-Weyl, the standard synthetic chemistry resource since 1909. This new edition is published in English and will comprise 48 volumes published between the years 2000 and 2008. Science of Synthesis is a quality reference work developed by a highly esteemed editorial board to provide a comprehensive and critical selection of reliable organic and organometallic synthetic methods. This unique resource is designed to be the first point of reference when searching for a synthesis strategy.
Magnesium Suppresses Seizurelike Discharges in Cultured Neurons-Reply (1991)

In Reply. —We would like to thank Brorson for his comments regarding the continuing controversy about the use of magnesium sulfate in the treatment of eclamptic seizures, 1 and take this opportunity to respond to his remarks. The magnesium ion is known to play a role in blocking the cation channel associated with the N -methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor subtype of the glutamate receptor. 2 It is, therefore, not surprising that NMDA antagonists disrupt development or expression of epileptiform activity induced by low magnesium concentrations. 3 Reduction of ambient magnesium in bathing medium of in vitro model systems for epilepsy can induce epileptiform activity, 4 and low serum magnesium concentrations can lead to convulsions. 5 Nevertheless, these observations do not necessarily imply that magnesium sulfate would be therapeutic for clinical seizures. Magnesium has a special relationship to seizures mediated by the NMDA system; magnesium may not be as effective
Thromboprophylaxis in Traumatic and Elective Spinal Surgery (2010)

A basis for a consensus protocol on thromboprophylaxis in spinal trauma was attempted. No more than mechanical prophylaxis was recommended before surgery for non-SCI patients or after surgery for elective cervical spine cases. Chemical prophylaxis was commonly used after surgery in patients with SCI and in patients with elective anterior thoracolumbar surgery.
Magnetic soliton confinement and discretization effects arising from macroscopic coherence in a chiral spin soliton lattice (2015)

Understanding the conditions determining the appearance of stable chiral spin topological excitations is a central problem in condensed matter physics and related fields. This work provides the first unambiguous demonstration of discretization due to the macroscopic phase coherence and metastability for chiral topological excitations, and evidence of the mechanisms underlying its appearance. This was achieved through the use of an advanced Lorentz electron microscope with the highest possible resolution imaging of spin textures. The results provide new insights into dynamics in the phase transition of the chiral system, and will raise new questions concerning the mechanisms governing loss of chiral ordering.
Immunoadsorption in Dilated Cardiomyopathy (2008)

Disturbances of the humoral immune system have been described in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). Various circulating cardiac antibodies have been detected among DCM patients. Circulating antibodies are extractable by immunoadsorption. Recent studies have shown that removal of antibodies by immunoadsorption induces improvement of cardiac function in DCM. Furthermore, it decreases myocardial inflammation. Antibodies belonging to the IgG-3 subclass play an important role in cardiac dysfunction of patients suffering from DCM. The removal of negative inotropic antibodies which induce their functional effects via Fc? receptor IIa may play an important role in the effects of immunoadsorption. Therapy by immunoadsorption may offer a new therapeutic option for patients with severe heart failure due to DCM.
Supersonic flow measurement and computation of a lobed-mixer for trapped vortex combustors (2002)

This paper described an experimental and computational effort aimed at understanding diffuser exit profiles, for a lobed duct design that will potentially be used for higher Mach combustion evaluations in the Trapped Vortex Combustor (TVC). Experimental hardware was described, using CAD solid models to show the major flow features present in this diffuser/combustor system. Initial CFD simulations were compared with experimental data, showing good agreement with total pressure measurements, but unacceptable agreement with static pressure measurements, all taken with a Pitot-static tube. Even taking axial and radial variations in positioning of either the probe or the CFD sampling plane, checking the pressure transducer calibrations, and verification of the CFD boundary conditions, poor agreement remained. The CFD modeling methodology was modified to take into account the presence of the Pitot-static probe, and the simulations were re-run. Flow field contours of static pressure and Mach number, in the vicinity of the probe, verified that the probe caused large, local disturbances. The graphics also showed that large axial, radial and tangential velocity and pressure gradients near the static pressure ports were acting on the probe, and were reflected in the experimental data points. With the probe included in the CFD model, six new simulations were run, with the probe traversed through the model as in the experiment. These results were very encouraging, in that the established good agreement between measured and predicted values for total pressure were repeated under the new methodology, and that static pressure profiles were now in good agreement.
The Isoquinolone Alkaloids (1982)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Isoquinolone AlkaloidsBarry D. Krane and Maurice ShammaCite this: J. Nat. Prod. 1982, 45, 4, 377–384Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1982Publication History Published online1 July 2004Published inissue 1 July 1982https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/np50022a001https://doi.org/10.1021/np50022a001research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views969Altmetric-Citations101LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts