gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Promoter demethylation of the asparagine synthetase gene is required for ATF4-dependent adaptation to asparagine depletion (2019)

Tumor cells adapt to nutrient-limited environments by inducing gene expression that ensures adequate nutrients to sustain metabolic demands. For example, during amino acid limitations, ATF4 in the amino acid response induces expression of asparagine synthetase (ASNS), which provides for asparagine biosynthesis. Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) cells are sensitive to asparagine depletion, and administration of the asparagine depletion enzyme l-asparaginase is an important therapy option. ASNS expression can counterbalance l-asparaginase treatment by mitigating nutrient stress. Therefore, understanding the mechanisms regulating <i>ASNS</i> expression is important to define the adaptive processes underlying tumor progression and treatment. Here we show that DNA hypermethylation at the <i>ASNS</i> promoter prevents its transcriptional expression following asparagine depletion. Insufficient expression of <i>ASNS</i> leads to asparagine deficiency, which facilitates ATF4-independent induction of CCAAT-enhancer-binding protein homologous protein (CHOP), which triggers apoptosis. We conclude that chromatin accessibility is critical for ATF4 activity at the <i>ASNS</i> promoter, which can switch ALL cells from an ATF4-dependent adaptive response to ATF4-independent apoptosis during asparagine depletion. This work may also help explain why ALL cells are most sensitive to l-asparaginase treatment compared with other cancers.
Enzyme kinetic and spectroscopic studies of inhibitor and effector interactions with indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase. 1. Norharman and 4-phenylimidazole binding to the enzyme as inhibitors and heme ligands (1989)

The effects of norharman, one of the few known inhibitors of the heme protein indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase, and of 4-phenylimidazole (4-PheImid), a heme ligand, on the catalytic (Vmax, Km) and spectroscopic properties (optical absorption, CD, and magnetic CD) of the rabbit small intestinal dioxygenase were investigated. Assays were performed with the substrate L- or D-tryptophan (Trp) and an ascorbic acid-methylene blue cofactor system at 25 degrees C. This study has revealed that both norharman and 4-PheImid exhibit noncompetitive inhibition with respect to L-Trp and D-Trp. The binding of norharman to the enzyme results in the formation of a low-spin complex in both the ferric and ferrous enzyme with comparable dissociation constants (Kd = approximately 10 microM at pH 7.0) that are about 10 times smaller than the observed Ki value. L-Trp exerts no effect for the ferric enzyme and slight negative cooperative effects for the ferrous enzyme on norharman binding. Close spectral similarities are observed between the adducts of the enzyme with norharman and 4-PheImid in the respective oxidation states. This, together with competition experiments using cyanide, demonstrates that norharman binds directly to the heme iron of the enzyme as a nitrogen donor ligand. Thus, norharman competes with O2 for the heme iron of the ferrous (active) enzyme, resulting in the observed inhibition. L-Trp and 4-PheImid appear to compete for the heme binding site in the ferric enzyme and display slight negative cooperativity on binding to the ferrous enzyme.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Novel biomimetic oxidation of lapachol with H2O2 catalysed by a manganese(iii) porphyrin complex (2011)

The biomimetic oxidation of lapachol (1) using aqueous hydrogen peroxide as oxidant and chloro[5,10,15,20-tetrakis(2,6-dichlorophenyl)porphyrinatomanganese(III)] (Mn-Porph) as catalyst is described. A comparison between the obtained results and those described for the oxidation of lapachol using meta-chloroperoxybenzoic acid (m-CPBA) reveals, besides different reaction products, a completely different selectivity. Unlike the m-CPBA approach, where ortho-naphthoquinones are obtained, para-naphthoquinones are highly favoured when using Mn-Porph and H2O2. Moreover, a new lactone is isolated and characterized in the present work.
Enantiopure cryptophane-129Xe nuclear magnetic resonance biosensors targeting carbonic anhydrase (2014)

The (+) and (-) enantiomers for a cryptophane-7-bond-linker-benzenesulfonamide biosensor (<b>C7B</b>) were synthesized and their chirality confirmed by electronic circular dichroism (ECD) spectroscopy. Biosensor binding to carbonic anhydrase II (CAII) was characterized for both enantiomers by hyperpolarized (hp) <sup>129</sup>Xe NMR spectroscopy. Our previous study of the racemic (+/-) <b>C7B</b> biosensor-CAII complex [Chambers, et al., J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2009, <i>131</i>, 563-569], identified two "bound" <sup>129</sup>Xe@<b>C7B</b> peaks by hp <sup>129</sup>Xe NMR (at 71 and 67 ppm, relative to "free" biosensor at 64 ppm), which led to the initial hypothesis that (+) and (-) enantiomers produce diastereomeric peaks when coordinated to Zn<sup>2+</sup> at the chiral CAII active site. Unexpectedly, the single enantiomers complexed with CAII also identified two "bound" <sup>129</sup>Xe@<b>C7B</b> peaks: (+) 72, 68 ppm and (-) 68, 67 ppm. These results are consistent with X-ray crystallographic evidence for benzenesulfonamide inhibitors occupying a second site near the CAII surface. As illustrated by our studies of this model protein-ligand interaction, hp <sup>129</sup>Xe NMR spectroscopy can be useful for identifying supramolecular assemblies in solution.
Quadrilateral Meshing by Circle Packing (1999)

We use circle-packing methods to generate quadrilateral meshes for polygonal domains, with guaranteed bounds both on the quality and the number of elements. We show that these methods can generate meshes of several types: (1) the elements form the cells of a Voronoi diagram, (2) all elements have two opposite right angles, (3) all elements are kites, or (4) all angles are at most 120 degrees. In each case the total number of elements is O(n), where n is the number of input vertices.
Triplet photosensitizer-nanotube conjugates: synthesis, characterization and photochemistry of charge stabilizing, palladium porphyrin/carbon nanotube conjugates (2020)

The ability of a triplet photosensitizer to generate long-lived charge separated states, in contrast to traditionally used singlet photosensitizers, in covalently functionalized single-walled carbon nanotube hybrids has been investigated. Enriched single-walled carbon nanotubes with two diameters, namely (6,5) and (7,6), were covalently modified to carry a charge-stabilizing triplet photosensitizer derived from a palladium porphyrin. The nanohybrids were fully characterized and the presence of intramolecular interactions between the porphyrin and nanotubes was established from various spectroscopic, imaging, electrochemical and thermochemical studies. Photoluminescence of palladium porphyrin was found to be quantitatively quenched in the presence of covalently appended SWCNTs and this quenching is due to excited state charge separation and has been established by femtosecond transient absorption studies. Owing to the presence of the triplet photosensitizer, the charge separated states lasted over 3 ns, i.e., much longer than those reported earlier for singlet photosensitizer-derived nanotube hybrids. The nanohybrids also exhibited efficient photocatalytic behavior in experiments involving electron pooling of one-electron reduced methyl viologen in the presence of a sacrificial electron donor. Higher yields of photoproducts were achieved from the present donor-acceptor nanohybrids when compared with those of singlet photosensitizer-derived nanohybrids, more so for (6,5) nanotube derived hybrids compared to (7,6) nanotube derived hybrids. The present findings highlight the importance of triplet photosensitizer derived nanohybrids in artificial photosynthesis of charge separation and photocatalytic applicatons.
Saturation, pore pressure and effective stress from sandstone acoustic properties (2003)

Acoustic velocity and V p / V s ratio show different responses in saturated and dry rocks under increasing differential pressures. Velocity is also shown to be sensitive to pore pressure, not just differential pressure. Under identical low differential pressure conditions, velocity is higher in sandstones when pore pressure is high during simulation of inflationary overpressure conditions. V p / V s ratios of sandstones with high fluid pressures are shown to lie between dry conditions and saturated conditions with constant and low pore pressure. Thus the velocity‐differential pressure relationship is not unique. However, the use of the measured Biot effective stress coefficient results in a unique relationship. It is postulated that higher velocity and different V p / V s ratios are caused by loss of compliance in microfractures due to stiffening by increasing fluid pressure.
Prevention and management of complications of percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) tubes (2004)

66 INTRODUCTION Since its introduction in 1980 (1), the use of percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) tubes has increased exponentially. While an estimated 61,000 PEG tubes were placed in 1988, an estimated 216,000 are performed annually today, making PEG placement the second most common indication for endoscopy of the upper gastrointestinal tract (2). Up to 10% of nursing home residents and as many as 1.7% of Medicare patients over the age of 85 years undergo gastrostomy (3). As data demonstrating the benefits of enteral over parenteral nutrition mounts, and our elderly population grows, we can expect the use of PEG tubes to continue to rise. However, the placement of a PEG tube is not without its risks. The overall complication rate has remained stable over the last 15-20 years, ranging from 4% to 23.8% of cases (4–7). Three to 4% of all cases are affected by major complications, i.e. those that are life threatening and/or require surgical intervention or hospitalization (Table 1) (4,6,8). The more common minor complications occur in between 7.4% and 20.0% of cases (Table 2) (4,6,9). Prevention and Management of Complications of Percutaneous Endoscopic Gastrostomy (PEG) Tubes NUTRITION ISSUES IN GASTROENTEROLOGY, SERIES #22
In Vivo Optical Imaging of Neurogenesis: Watching New Neurons in the Intact Brain (2008)

Adult neurogenesis is a highly dynamic process modulated by several pathologic and environmental factors, as well as by various compounds. So far, available techniques to study neurogenesis are lengthy and personnel and cost intensive. We developed a new tool based on the doublecortin promoter driving the expression of the luciferase reporter gene (DCX-promo-luciferase) in transgenic mice to perform in vivo imaging of neurogenesis. Indeed, the DCX-promo-luciferase mice allowed optical in vivo imaging of the onset of and increase in neurogenesis in developing fetal brains, as well as imaging of neurogenesis in the intact adult mouse central nervous system. Moreover, the capacity to specifically detect a small number of migrating neuronal precursors in vivo after transplantation is for the first time feasible using this DCX-promo-luciferase transgenic tool. The present imaging approach offers several crucial advantages over methods currently available, such as bromodeoxyuridine incorporation or labeling using iron oxide nanoparticles. Hence, it allows longitudinal study of neurogenesis in intact animals without the requirement of cellular prelabeling. Moreover, it guarantees that detection is specific for neuronal precursors and restricted to viable cells. Hence, our DCX-promo-luciferase transgenic model constitutes an effective tool that answers the pressing need for rapid investigation of the impact on neurogenesis of a large number of candidate compounds waiting to be tested.
A large well marginated round mass containing calcification. (1991)

A 31-year-old male has a sized relatively well marginated round mass containing peripheral calcification in left upper lung field on chest roentgenograms and computed tomogram. There are no presenting symptoms including weight loss, and occupational exposures. Definitive diagnosis must differentiate from the variety of diseases whether malignancy or benign, extrapulmonary or intrapulmonary. This report described one case of malignant localized fibrous mesothelioma histologically.
Semiconductor measurement technology (1976)

Equilibrium partial pressures in 2% HCl-98% O2 and 20% HCl-80% O2 mixtures .... 35 24
Usefulness of Contrast-Enhanced Endoscopic Ultrasonography in the Differentiation Between Malignant and Benign Lymphadenopathy* (2006)

CE-EUS is useful for differentiating BLN from MLN.
Deep HDR estimation with generative detail reconstruction (2021)

Abstract We study the problem of High Dynamic Range (HDR) image reconstruction from a Standard Dynamic Range (SDR) input with potential clipping artifacts. Instead of building a direct model that maps from SDR to HDR images as in previous work, we decompose an input SDR image into a base (low frequency) and detail layer (high frequency), and treat reconstructing these two layers as two separate problems. We propose a novel architecture that comprises individual components specially designed to handle both tasks. Specifically, our base layer reconstruction component recovers low frequency content and remaps the color gamut of the input SDR, whereas our detail layer reconstruction component, which builds upon prior work on image inpainting, hallucinates missing texture information. The output HDR prediction is produced by a final refinement stage. We present qualitative and quantitative comparisons with existing techniques where our method achieves state‐of‐the‐art performance.
Solving sparse linear systems with approximate inverse preconditioners on analog devices (2021)

Sparse linear system solvers are computationally expensive kernels that lie at the heart of numerous applications. This paper proposes a flexible preconditioning framework to substantially reduce the time and energy requirements of this task by utilizing a hybrid architecture that combines conventional digital microprocessors with analog crossbar array accelerators. Our analysis and experiments with a simulator for analog hardware demonstrate that an order of magnitude speedup is readily attainable without much impact on convergence, despite the noise in analog computations.
Experience with Pubovaginal Slings for Urinary Incontinence at the University of Michigan (1987)

In July 1983 pubovaginal slings were used first at our university to treat incontinence in female patients with poor urethral function. From then until July 1, 1986, 82 such procedures were performed on a diverse group of patients, including a male patient. Initial success occurred postoperatively in 67 patients, with 15 failures. Of these failures 7 were related to urethral dysfunction. Another sling procedure was done in 2 patients and they are continent, while 3 were treated with medication: 2 became dry and 1 remains wet. A total of 8 patients suffered detrusor-related incontinence postoperatively (2 required augmentation cystoplasty for poor bladder compliance). To date 78 patients (95 per cent) are continent. Of the patients 2 required periodic intermittent catheterization for more than a year postoperatively and 12 are managed by chronic intermittent self-catheterization on a planned basis for neurogenic vesical dysfunction.
Mizoroki–Heck Cross‐Coupling of Acrylate Derivatives with Aryl Halides Catalyzed by Palladate Pre‐Catalysts (2019)

The Mizoroki–Heck (MH) reaction involving aryl halides with various acrylates and acrylamides has been studied using air and moisture‐stable imidazolium‐based palladate pre‐catalysts. These pre‐catalysts can be converted into Pd‐NHC species (NHC = N‐heterocyclic carbene) under catalytic conditions and are capable of facilitating the Mizoroki–Heck reaction of aryl halides with various acrylates. The effects of solvent, catalyst loading, temperature and bases on the reaction outcome have been investigated. Various coupling partners were tolerated under the optimal reaction conditions catalyzed by palladate 1 , [SIPr · H][Pd(η 3 ‐2‐Me‐allyl)Cl 2 ]. The efficiency of the optimized synthetic methodology was tested on various aryl halides and substituted acrylates as well as acrylamides. The MH reaction yielded the coupled products in good to excellent isolated yields (up to 98%).
Détection de pannes oscillatoires dans le système de commande de vol d'avion (2010)

International audience
Drop Weight Impact Properties of (CO) Injection Molded Short Glass Fiber/Short Carbon Fiber/Polyamide 6 Hybrid Composites (2007)

Polyamide 6 (PA 6) composites with short glass fiber (GF)/short carbon fiber (CF) hybrid fiber reinforcement were produced using two types of injection molding techniques, i.e., the conventional and co-injection molding machines. In the latter, sandwich skin-core hybrid composites were produced. The fiber volume fraction for all formulations was fixed at 0.07. The composites were subjected to drop weight impact tests, to determine their impact strength, impact energy, ductility index (DI) and ductility ratio (DR). It was observed that the PA 6 formulation exhibited the highest impact strength and impact energy values whereas carbon fiber/PA 6 (CF/PA 6) exhibited the highest DI and DR values. The carbon fiber skin/glass fiber core/PA 6 (CF S /GF C /PA 6) sandwich skin-core hybrid composites showed the highest impact energy and impact strength values among hybrids. The glass fiber skin/carbon fiber core/PA 6 (GF S /CF C /PA 6) hybrids on the other hand showed the highest DI and DR values among hybrids. Failure mechanisms in the matrix and composites, assessed by scanning electron microscope (SEM), were discussed in relation to the effects of fiber incorporation and its effects on the ductility of the composites, with particular emphasis on the hybrid composites.
Epidemiology, Mechanisms, and Management of Diabetic Gastroparesis (2010)

Recent evidence of the significant impact of gastroparesis on morbidity and mortality mandates optimized management of this condition. Gastroparesis affects nutritional state, and in diabetics it has deleterious effects on glycemic control and secondary effects on organs that increase mortality. First-line treatments include restoration of nutrition and medications (prokinetic and antiemetic). We review the epidemiology, pathophysiology, impact, natural history, time trends, and treatment of gastroparesis, focusing on diabetic gastroparesis. We discuss pros and cons of current treatment options, including metoclopramide. Second-line therapeutic approaches include surgery, venting gastrostomy or jejunostomy, and gastric electrical stimulation; most of these were developed based on results from open-label trials. New therapeutic strategies for gastroparesis include drugs that target the underlying defects, prokinetic agents such as 5-hydroxytryptamine agonists that do not appear to have cardiac or vascular effects, ghrelin agonists, approaches to pace the stomach, and stem cell therapies.
System level packaging: an alternative to monolithic ULSI? (2002)

Significant developments taking place in system level packaging are reviewed. The following issues are addressed: heat dissipation, interconnections, and silicon as a substrate material. Denser packaging leads to shorter chip-to-chip interconnects with concomitant improvements in speed, power and, presumably, cost. It is concluded that, in the near future, system level packaging might well be a more attractive investment for research and development than new technology for monolithic ULSI. However, the resulting significant improvement in packaging performance will revive the need to improve chip performance.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
On the Spiral Resonator Arrays Size Analysis for Misalignment Compensation in Wireless Power Transfer Systems (2023)

In this study the authors aim to use a metasurface as an additional component of a two-coil Wireless Power Transfer (WPT) system and to provide a robustness analysis to misalignment between the transmitter and the receiver coils. The analysis between metasurfaces of different size and their optimization performed to improve misalignment robustness is proved by numerical and easy circuital simulations with the aim of predicting the loads to be considered for the single unit-cell to properly control the WPT system and make it more tolerant to misalignment.
Laboratory Testing for Clostridium difficile Infection (2011)

Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) is changing as evidenced by increasing virulence, rising incidence, unresponsiveness to metronidazole therapy, and worse outcomes. Thus, it is critical that CDI diagnosis be accurate so ongoing epidemiology, disease prevention, and treatment remain satisfactory. We tested 10 diagnostic assays, including 1 commercial real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) test for the laboratory detection of toxigenic C difficile on 1,000 stool samples. Sensitive culture for toxigenic C difficile using 2 types of media with broth enrichment defined the reference standard. For the study, 1,000 tests were performed on samples from 919 patients. Of the samples, 146 contained evidence for toxigenic C difficile and represented the true-positive results. Only the US Food and Drug Administration-cleared qPCR assay (Becton Dickinson, Franklin Lakes, NJ) and 1 glutamate dehydrogenase test (TechLab, Blacksburg, VA) were not statistically inferior to culture in sensitivity. The common enzyme immunoassay tests all had sensitivity values less than 50%. Clinical laboratory professionals need to seriously consider their diagnostic testing and use the assays that perform best for the detection of CDI.
Determination of Primary Aromatic Amines by Diazotization Using Dead-Stop End Point (1952)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDetermination of Primary Aromatic Amines by Diazotization Using Dead-Stop End PointH. G. Scholten and K. G. StoneCite this: Anal. Chem. 1952, 24, 4, 749–750Publication Date (Print):April 17, 1952Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 17 April 1952https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac60064a035https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60064a035research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views160Altmetric-Citations10LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts