gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Fast acquisition of high-resolution NMR spectra in inhomogeneous fields via intermolecular double-quantum coherences (2009)

A pulse sequence, IDEAL-II, is proposed based on the concept of intermolecular dipolar-interaction enhanced all lines [Z. Chen et al., J. Am. Chem. Soc. 126, 446 (2004)] for obtaining one-dimensional (1D) high-resolution liquid NMR spectra in inhomogeneous fields via two-dimensional acquisitions. With the new acquisition scheme, the range of magnetic field inhomogeneity rather than chemical shift is sampled in the indirect dimension. This enables a great reduction in acquisition time and amount of data, much improved over the original IDEAL implementation. It is applicable to both isolated and J-coupled spin systems in liquid. For the latter, apparent J coupling constants are magnified threefold in spectra obtained with this sequence. This allows a more accurate measurement of J coupling constants in the cases of small J coupling constants or large inhomogeneous fields. Analytical expression was derived based on intermolecular multiple-quantum coherence treatments. Solution samples that were purposely deshimmed and biological samples with intrinsic field inhomogeneities were tested. Experimental results demonstrate that this sequence retains useful structural information including chemical shifts, relative peak areas, and multiplet patterns of J coupling even when the field inhomogeneity is severe enough to almost erase all spectroscopic information with conventional 1D single-quantum coherence techniques. This sequence is more applicable to weakly coupled and uncoupled spin systems, potentially useful for studying metabolites in in vivo NMR spectroscopy and for characterizing technologically important new materials in combinatorial chemistry.
Mechanical Condition Recognition of Medium-Voltage Vacuum Circuit Breaker Based on Mechanism Dynamic Features Simulation and ANN (2005)

A new research method is proposed for the medium-voltage (MV) vacuum circuit breaker's (CB's) mechanical condition monitoring, which combines the mechanism dynamic features simulation and mechanical condition recognition algorithm based on artificial neural networks (ANNs). This method includes three steps: First, the relations between eigenvalues and mechanical failures of a vacuum circuit breaker (CB) through simulation instead of measurement are obtained. In this paper, the mechanism dynamic features of a vacuum CB in failure are simulated; the simulation results indicate that the parameter that can be monitored-main angle-has different characters for different mechanism failures. Second, the eigenvalues for different failure conditions are described by three parameters. Third, mechanical condition recognition of the MV vacuum CB by an algorithm based on ANN is realized. It is concluded by the work mentioned above, both the known mechanical condition type and the new mechanical condition type of the medium-voltage vacuum CB can be recognized with predetermined reliability.
Functionalized Porous Silica Microspheres as Scavengers in Parallel Synthesis (2000)

The use of solid scavengers in parallel solution-phase organic synthesis is an effective method for work-up and purification. Functionalized macroreticular or gel-form polystyrene particles are generally used for scavenging applications, how ever these materials have some limitations. We have developed new scavenging reagents based on ultrapure silica microspheres displaying a variety of functional groups useful for sequestering impurities from reaction products. These materials are easy to handle, have excellent mass-transfer properties, and are efficient scavengers in both polar and nonpolar organic solvents. The properties of these materials were tailored specifically to fit the needs of a medicinal chemist employing parallel synthesis techniques in current commercial equipment. Results are presented from head-to-head comparisons with conventional scavengers in tests designed to demonstrate the versatility of these new materials.
Brain angiotensin AT1receptors as specific regulators of cardiovascular reactivity to acute psychoemotional stress (2010)

1. Cardiovascular reactivity, an abrupt rise in blood pressure (BP) and heart rate in response to psychoemotional stress, is a risk factor for heart disease. Pharmacological and molecular genetic studies suggest that brain angiotensin (Ang) II and AT(1) receptors are required for the normal expression of sympathetic cardiovascular responses to various psychological stressors. Moreover, overactivity of the brain AngII system may contribute to enhanced cardiovascular reactivity in hypertension. 2. Conversely, brain AT(1) receptors appear to be less important for the regulation of sympathetic cardiovascular responses to a range of stressors involving an immediate physiological threat (physical stressors) in animal models. 3. Apart from threatening events, appetitive stimuli can induce a distinct, central nervous system-mediated rise in BP. However, evidence indicates that brain AT(1) receptors are not essential for the regulation of cardiovascular arousal associated with positively motivated behaviour, such as anticipation and the consumption of palatable food. The role of central AT(1) receptors in regulating cardiovascular activation elicited by other types of appetitive stimuli remains to be determined. 4. Emerging evidence also indicates that brain AT(1) receptors play a limited role in the regulation of cardiovascular responses to non-emotional natural daily activities, sleep and exercise. 5. Collectively, these findings suggest that, with respect to cardiovascular arousal, central AT(1) receptors may be involved primarily in the regulation of the defence response. Therefore, these receptors could be a potential therapeutic target for selective attenuation of BP hyperreactivity to aversive stressors, without altering physiologically important cardiovascular adjustments to normal daily activities, sleep and exercise.
Processed Tomato Products as a Source of Dietary Lycopene:Bioavailability and Antioxidant Properties (2004)

Oxidative stress is one of the major contributors to increased risk of chronic diseases. A diet rich in tomatoes and tomato products containing lycopene, a carotenoid antioxidant, has been found to protect against these chronic diseases by mitigating oxidative damage. The study aim was to evaluate the effects of a long-term tomato-rich diet, consisting of various processed tomato products, on bioavailability and antioxidant properties of lycopene. Seventeen healthy human subjects (ten men, seven non-pregnant women) participated in the study. Following a two-week washout period during which subjects avoided foods containing lycopene, all subjects consumed test tomato products including tomato juice, tomato sauce, tomato paste, ketchup, spaghetti sauce, and ready-to-serve tomato soup providing 30 mg of lycopene a day for four weeks. At the end of treatment, serum lycopene level increased significantly (p <0.05), from 181.79 +/- 31.25 to 684.7 +/- 113.91 nmol/L. Similarly, total antioxidant potential increased significantly (p <0.05), from 2.26 +/- 0.015 to 2.38 +/- 0.17 mmol/L Trolox equivalent. Lipid and protein oxidation was reduced significantly (p <0.05). The results suggest that a tomato-rich diet containing different sources of lycopene can increase serum lycopene levels and reduce oxidative stress effectively.
A system for panoramic navigation inside a 3D environment (2010)

This paper presents a physical user interface intended to help the user (or multiple simultaneous users) to\nachieve an intuitive movement inside a 3D environment without using common interaction devices such as\nmouse or keyboard, while stressing the aspect of reducing financial investments. After exposing an analysis of\ncurrent solutions and implementations of related topics, we argument our implementation and give detailed\naspects of hardware and software architecture of the system, as well as a comprehensive efficiency study and\nexplore the use cases with people with motor impairment. As future work, we intend to extend the usability of\nthe system and release it under the GNU General Public License (GPL) for free use and further development by\nother parties.
Electrocardiogram based classifier for driver drowsiness detection (2015)

Driver drowsiness may cause traffic injuries and death. In literature, various methods, for instance, image-based, vehicle-based, and biometric-signals-based, have been proposed for driver drowsiness detection. In this paper, a new approach using Electrocardiogram is discussed. Performance evaluation is carried out for the driver drowsiness classifier. The developed classifier yields overall accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of 76.93%, 77.36%, and 76.5% respectively. Results have revealed that the performance of proposed classifier is better than traditional methods.
Physical-Layer Secure Wireless Transmission via Active Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces (2022)

The development of Internet of things (IoT) has substantially increases the number of access users and their transmission rates. When the number of access users is increasing, however, the channels from the base station (BS) to the user and the eavesdropper are highly correlated, which brings about the severe problem of physical-layer security. To address this problem, in this paper, we propose a physical-layer secure transmission system, where active reconfigurable intelligent surface (ARIS) is employed for enhancing the BS-user link while simultaneously degrading the BS-eavesdropper link. Moreover, we develop the signal model of the proposed system, and formulate the corresponding optimization problem for maximizing the secure rate (SR). To solve this non-convex optimization problem, we propose a low-complexity approximated joint precoding (LCAJP) algorithm based on alternating optimization (AO). Simulation results show that, the proposed physical-layer secure transmission system as well as the LCAJP algorithm can increase the SR of the system, which provides solutions for the security problem.
Enhanced Expression of CD13 in Vessels of Inflammatory and Neoplastic Tissues (2011)

Aminopeptidase-N (CD13) is an important target of tumor vasculature-targeting drugs. The authors investigated its expression by immunohistochemistry with three anti-CD13 monoclonal antibodies (WM15, 3D8, and BF10) in normal and pathological human tissues, including 58 normal, 32 inflammatory, and 149 tumor tissue specimens. The three antibodies stained vessels in most neoplastic tissues, interestingly with different patterns. As a matter of fact, WM15 stained almost all intratumor and peritumor capillaries and only partially large vessels, whereas BF10 and 3D8 reacted with arteries and venules and to a lesser extent with capillaries. These antibodies also stained the stroma in about half of neoplastic tissues. In inflammatory lesions, the three antibodies stained vessels and stroma, whereas in normal tissues, they stained a small percentage of blood vessels. Finally, the three antibodies failed to stain endothelial cells of normal colon, whereas they reacted with activated human umbilical vein endothelial cells and with endothelial cells of colon adenocarcinoma vessels. Overall, WM15 was the most specific antibody for angiogenic tumor vessels, suggesting that it may be a good tool for detecting the CD13 form associated with the tumor vasculature. This finding may be relevant for CD13-mediated vascular targeting therapies.
Two-dimensional perovskites as sensitive strain sensors (2020)

A high gauge factor (141) under small strains (0.16–0.4%) was achieved through two-dimensional perovskite-based strain sensors.
Association of Genetic Polymorphisms in <i>STAT1</i> Gene with Increased Risk of Hepatocellular Carcinoma (2010)

Our results demonstrate for the first time that polymorphisms in the STAT1 gene are associated with HCC susceptibility.
Measurement choices in multi-site studies of outcomes in dementia. (1997)

This paper summarizes the measurement choices made by selected current or recently completed multi-site projects with a common emphasis on measuring outcomes in dementia. Information on number of items and scoring, reason(s) for selecting the measure, and reliability and validity of the measure (either citations providing this information or a report of pertinent unpublished findings) is presented for eight domains: cognition, behavioral symptoms, physical health status, physical functioning and self-care abilities, quality of life, family/staff caregiver outcomes, service use, and cost. We found considerable reliance on the published literature as a guide to measurement choice, motivated largely by measures' superior psychometric properties, their ubiquity in the literature, and/or their brevity or ease of use. There is still evidence of "starting from scratch" in some domains, however. To the extent that these projects reflect the state of the art in dementia-relevant outcomes research, we conclude that comparison of outcomes across studies will continue to be problematic. However, as long as dissemination of methodological as well as substantive findings continues to characterize outcome studies in dementia, there is hope that a more congruent view of how to assess key outcomes in dementia will emerge.
Brain abnormality in schizophrenia (1998)

Several brain structures in schizophrenia are affected to a greater extent than expected from overall reductions in brain volume. Further studies are required in affected women, and to try to identify clinical and aetiological associations of these findings.
Tris‐ and Tetrakis(Triphenyl‐Phosphine)Platinum (0) (1968)

This chapter contains sections titled: Tetrakis (triphenylphosphine) platinum(0) Tris (triphenylphosphine) platinum(0)
Microstructural, mechanical, and thermo-physical characterization of hypereutectic AlSi40 fabricated by selective laser melting (2019)

The powder bed additive manufacturing process selective laser melting (SLM) enables designers and engineers to overcome restrictions of conventional manufacturing technologies. The potential of fabricating complex lightweight structures and processing advanced materials is a key feature for enhancing further development of high performance components for space applications. Due to a high specific stiffness and a thermal expansion coefficient very close to electroless nickel, which is an advantageous optical coating material, the hypereutectic aluminum-silicon alloy AlSi40 shows great potential for the manufacturing of optical mirrors for space applications. In prior investigations, Hilpert et al. showed the feasibility to process AlSi40 by SLM [E. Hilpert and S. Risse, Materials Science &amp; Technology Conference and Exhibition MS&amp;T'15, Columbus, Ohio, 4–8 October 2015 (Association for Iron &amp; Steel Technology, Warrendale, PA, 2015) and E. Hilpert, “Struktur und Eigenschaften von additiv gefertigten hypereutektischen Aluminum-Siliciumlegierungen,” in Werkstoffwoche 2017, Dresden, Germany, 28 September 2017 (Deutsche Gesellschaft für Materialkunde e.V., Berlin, 2017)]. Nevertheless, in order to qualify this material for space applications, the manufacturing process and fabricated samples need to be thoroughly investigated in terms of microstructural, mechanical, as well as thermo-physical characterization. The authors present results of the SLM process development for manufacturing dense AlSi40 samples with a relative density above 99.50%. The effect of various process parameters, such as hatch distance, preheating, and scanning strategy, on the formation of defects was investigated by destructive [e.g., optical microscopy (OM)] and nondestructive (e.g., computed tomography) testing. In addition, the effect of several thermal post-treatments on the AlSi40 microstructure was profoundly analyzed by multiple methods such as OM, scanning electron microscopy, and energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy analysis. Moreover, mechanical and thermo-physical testing of manufactured specimens was conducted to provide material characteristics for component design. In conclusion, the determined material properties of AlSi40 samples fabricated by SLM were compared to bulk material properties. The gained knowledge and testing data were evaluated in order to identify correlations and dependencies.
Coverage Probability of Distributed IRS Systems Under Spatially Correlated Channels (2021)

This letter suggests the use of multiple distributed intelligent reflecting surfaces (IRSs) towards a smarter control of the propagation environment. Notably, we also take into account the inevitable correlated Rayleigh fading in IRS-assisted systems. In particular, in a single-input and single-output (SISO) system, we consider and compare two insightful scenarios, namely, a finite number of large IRSs and a large number of finite size IRSs to show which implementation method is more advantageous. In this direction, we derive the coverage probability in closed-form for both cases contingent on statistical channel state information (CSI) by using the deterministic equivalent (DE) analysis. Next, we obtain the optimal coverage probability. Among others, numerical results reveal that the addition of more surfaces outperforms the design scheme of adding more elements per surface. Moreover, in the case of uncorrelated Rayleigh fading, statistical CSI-based IRS systems do not allow the optimization of the coverage probability.
In Vitro Effects of Combined and Sequential Bone Morphogenetic Protein Administration (2007)

Culture with BMP-2 and BMP-7, their sequential administration, and their coadministration had variable effects on osseous differentiation in mesenchymal cells. These results demonstrate the need for increased understanding of the role of growth factors and their combinations in bone development and have important implications for the ongoing development of osteoinductive therapies.
Expression of decidual prolactin-related protein in the rat decidua. (1994)

It is well established that rat decidual tissue produces a PRL-like hormone(s) that binds to the PRL receptor on both the corpus luteum and the decidual cells and initiates profound changes in the endocrine milieu required for the establishment of pregnancy. The recent cloning of a decidual PRL-related protein (dPRP) prompted us 1) to determine whether the expression of this gene is triggered by decidualization of the endometrial stromal cells, 2) to examine the temporal and cell-specific pattern of its expression, and 3) to examine the role of both decidual signals and PRL on levels of its messenger RNA (mRNA). Total RNA was isolated from uteri of either nonpseudopregnant rats or pseudopregnant rats with or without decidual tissue. A 1-kilobase mRNA species hybridizing strongly with the dPRP probe was present in decidualized uteri. No dPRP mRNA could be detected in uteri not subjected to decidualization. Developmental studies indicated a constant high level of dPRP mRNA in the decidual tissue until day 12 of pseudopregnancy, followed by a marked decline at a time when extensive cell death occurs in the decidua, suggesting that dPRP is constitutively expressed in this tissue. To examine the cell-specific expression of dPRP, antimesometrial decidua was separated from mesometrial decidua, and the large antimesometrial cell population was separated from the small mesometrial cells by elutriation. The results of Northern analysis revealed clearly that dPRP is abundantly and solely expressed in the large antimesometrial cells. No dPRP mRNA could be detected in the mesometrial cells and in numerous other endocrine and nonendocrine tissues. A faint signal was observed, however, in the trophoblast. Despite the very strong paracrine regulation between the antimesometrial and mesometrial cells and the high levels of PRL receptor expression in these cells, both in vivo and coculture experiments revealed no regulation of dPRP gene expression by either PRL or mesometrial cell signal, adding further support to the possibility that once induced, dPRP remains constitutively expressed. In summary, the results of this investigation revealed that the expression of dPRP in endometrial stromal cells is triggered by the induction of decidualization and that this gene is selectively and abundantly expressed in a defined cell population located in the anti-mesometrial region of the uterus. Thus, dPRP is not only a useful indicator of decidualization, but is also an excellent marker for the differentiated antimesometrial cells.
Targeting Non-Catalytic Cysteine Residues Through Structure-Guided Drug Discovery (2016)

The targeting of non-catalytic cysteine residues with small molecules is drawing increased attention from drug discovery scientists and chemical biologists. From a biological perspective, genomic and proteomic studies have revealed the presence of cysteine mutations in several oncogenic proteins, suggesting both a functional role for these residues and also a strategy for targeting them in an 'allele specific' manner. For the medicinal chemist, the structure-guided design of cysteine- reactive molecules is an appealing strategy to realize improved selectivity and pharmacodynamic properties in drug leads. Finally, for chemical biologists, the modification of cysteine residues provides a unique means to probe protein structure and allosteric regulation. Here, we review three applications of cysteinemodifying small molecules: 1) the optimization of existing drug leads, 2) the discovery of new lead compounds, and 3) the use of cysteine-reactive molecules as probes of protein dynamics. In each case, structure-guided design plays a key role in determining which cysteine residue(s) to target and in designing compounds with the proper geometry to enable both covalent interaction with the targeted cysteine and productive non-covalent interactions with nearby protein residues.
<title>Rapid cleanup of bacterial DNA from samples containing aerosol contaminants</title> (1999)

Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) is an in vitro enzymatic, synthetic method used to amplify specific DNA sequences from organisms. Detection of DNA using gene probes allows for absolute identification not only of specific organisms, but also of genetic material in recombinant organisms. PCR is an exquisite biological method for detecting bacteria in aerosol samples. A major challenge facing detection of DNA from field samples is that they are almost sure to contain impurities, especially impurities that inhibit amplification through PCR. DNA is being extracted from air, sewage/stool samples, food, sputum, a water and sediment; however, multi- step, time consuming methods are required to isolate the DNA from the surrounding contamination. This research focuses on developing a method for rapid cleanup of DNA which combines extraction and purification of DNA while, at the same time, removing inhibitors from 'dirty samples' to produce purified, PCR-ready DNA. GeneReleaser produces PCR-ready DNA in a rapid five-minute protocol. GeneReleaser resin was able to clean up sample contain micrograms of typical aerosol and water contaminants. The advantages of using GR are that it is rapid, inexpensive, requires one-step, uses no hazardous material and produces PCR-ready DNA.
Test of alcohol production with lowered contents of ethanol in distillery in Kralupy nad Vltavou. (1986)

V&nbsp;ÄlĂĄnku je popsĂĄna provoznĂ­ zkouĹĄka vĂ˝roby rafinovanĂŠho lihu s&nbsp;prĹŻmÄrnou lihovitostĂ­ niĹžĹĄĂ­ o 0,25 obj. % a. a.&nbsp; neĹž v&nbsp;pĹedeĹĄlĂ˝ch kampanĂ­ch. po dobu 3 mÄsĂ­cĹŻ byla sledovĂĄna zĂĄvislost kvality rafinovanĂŠho lihu na zmÄnĂĄch technologickĂŠho procesu pĹi snĂ­ĹženĂŠ spotĹebÄ energie. Z&nbsp;vĂ˝sledkĹŻ byly stanoveny optimĂĄlnĂ­ technologickĂŠ parametry, kterĂŠ zaruÄujĂ­ vĂ˝robu kvalitnĂ­ho lihu pĹi minimĂĄlnĂ­ spotĹebÄ energie. PĹi roÄnĂ­m provozu za tÄchto podmĂ­nek Äinily v&nbsp;kampani 1983/84 Ăşspory mazutu 200,5 t.