gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cardiomyopathy Associated with Microcirculation Dysfunction in Laminin α4 Chain-deficient Mice (2005)

Laminin alpha4 chain is a component of extracellular matrix (ECM) laminin-8 and -9 and serves dual roles as a structure protein and as a signaling molecule. The abundance of laminin alpha4 chain transcripts in the heart suggests an important role of this protein in cardiovascular development and function. In this study, we demonstrate that laminin alpha4 deficient mice gradually develop cardiac hypertrophy with impaired function. We show that depletion of laminin alpha4 chain did not alter the levels of dystrophin-glycoprotein complex (DGC) components or affect cell membrane integrity. No alteration in integrin beta 1D protein was observed in terms of expression level or distribution pattern, indicating that the postnatal development of cardiac hypertrophy and cardiomyopathy in these mice is unlikely associated with the stability of sarcolemmal DGC and integrin complexes. Moreover, cardiomyocytes isolated from Lama4-/- mutant hearts maintained their contractility in vitro. In contrast, elevated levels of hypoxia-inducible factor 1alpha (Hif1alpha) and vascular endothelial growth factor A (Vegfa) transcripts, along with multiple foci of cardiomyocyte degeneration and fibrosis suggested sustained cardiac ischemia. Electron microscopy confirmed malformed blood vessels and wide pericapillary ECM spaces, suggesting the presence of microcirculation abnormalities in Lama4-/- mutant hearts. We thus conclude that mutation in the laminin alpha4 chain leads to abnormal cardiovascular ECM structure that cause insufficient oxygen supply to the heart and the subsequent ischemic cardiac phenotype observed. Our study links the genetic deficiency of an ECM protein to cardiomyopathy and implies a novel pathway of idiopathic cardiomyopathy in human.
Fact-Finding by Nongovernmental Organizations (2014)

There are a considerable number of non-governmental organizations (NGOs) engaged in the implementation of human rights. Working at the international and/or national levels, these organizations function as unofficial ombudsmen safeguarding human rights against governmental infringement. If these nongovernmental human rights organizations wish to act effectively and responsibly, they must engage in fact-finding. These NGOs share the same basic purpose, that is, to gather information which can be effectively mustered-either directly or indirectly-to influence the implementation of human rights by governments. Human rights fact-finding procedures used by multilateral international organizations are more applicable to NGO fact-finding than is the Hague model of bilateral inquiry. This chapter examines NGO fact-finding, particularly fact-finding by missions of inquiry, with regard to the composition and nature of the fact-finding body; methods of inquiry; admissibility of evidence; methods for insuring the reliability of evidence; reports; and the dissemination of reports. Keywords: fact-finding body; Hague model; human rights fact-finding procedures; multilateral international organizations; non-governmental human rights organizations; non-governmental organizations (NGOs)
New Clinical and Laboratory Findings of SHAPU (2018)

Herpes group of virus is the less likely cause of SHAPU. Bacteria are found in more cases. Early presentation is associated with a better visual outcome. Role of moth in its pathogenesis is still suspected.
Novel concepts in electronic polymers: Polyaniline and its derivatives (1991)

Abstract Polyanilines have been known for over one hundred years. Recent studies of this chemically flexible polymer have demonstrated unusual chemical, electrical, and optical phenomena, both in insulating forms and conducting forms. The polyanilines differ substantially from earlier studied polyacetylene, polythiophene, polypyrrole, polydiacetylene, and other polymers in that their electronic structure is based on the overlap of alternating nitrogen atoms and C 6 rings. Two classes of the emeraldine form of polyaniline are distinguished by preparation route and crystal structure. For both classes, the Pauli susceptibility indicative of metallic state is correlated with the formation of a three‐dimensionally crystalline region. Charge conduction studies of oriented films and fibers demonstrate that three‐dimensional order between chains is critical for high conductivities. Within the crystalline regions the conduction electrons are substantially delocalized in three‐dimensions while the dc transport is dominated by quasi‐one‐dimensional variable range hopping in the disordered regions. This delocalized charge leads to high absorbance (loss) at microwave frequencies, important for a broad range of applications. The ability to derivatize polyaniline at ring and nitrogen positions allows one to test concepts for the control of conductivity as well as improved processing. The monomethyl derivative, poly(orthotoluidine), has nearly identical electronic structure and crystal structure, yet its conductivity is three orders of magnitude lower than that of emeraldine hydrochloride. This is attributed to increased interchain separation and decreased interchain correlation causing 1‐D localization. Similar 1‐D localization is observed in the self‐doped sulfonated polyaniline system. Extensive photoinduced optical studies of the insulating base forms of polyaniline show the importance of ring rotation in stabilizing photoexcited positive polarons. Long‐lived photoinduced absorptions are observed which are suggested to be a possible basis for erasable optical information storage technology.
THE USE OF CRITICAL STRESS INTENSITY FACTOR TO QUANTIFY “HARDNESS” AND “CRUNCHINESS” OBJECTIVELY (2002)

ABSTRACT A simple test from materials science, in which a notched beam is bent so that the notch increases in length due to the propagation of a crack, allows determination of a parameter called the Critical Stress Intensity Factor in Mode I fracture, K IC , by means of which the conditions under which the crack will propagate can be quantified. This is shown to track sensory hardness of several apples, carrot, celery and cucumber with remarkable precision, a result predicted by theoretical analysis due to Lucas et al. (2002). Hardness and crunchiness are shown to be indistinguishable and therefore must be identical. Therefore, a mechanical test can reliably replace a sensory test resulting in quicker, cheaper and more accurate estimate of a sensory parameter.
The location of the cochlear amplifier: Spatial representation of a single tone on the guinea pig basilar membrane (1997)

Acoustic stimulation vibrates the cochlear basilar membrane, initiating a wave of displacement that travels toward the apex and reaches a peak over a restricted region according to the stimulus frequency. In this characteristic frequency region, a tone at the characteristic frequency maximally excites the sensory hair cells of the organ of Corti, which transduce it into electrical signals to produce maximum activity in the auditory nerve. Saturating, nonlinear, feedback from the motile outer hair cells is thought to provide electromechanical amplification of the travelling wave. However, neither the location nor the extent of the source of amplification, in relation to the characteristic frequency, are known. We have used a laser-diode interferometer to measure in vivo the distribution along the basilar membrane of nonlinear, saturating vibrations to 15 kHz tones. We estimate that the site of amplification for the 15 kHz region is restricted to a 1.25 mm length of basilar membrane centered on the 15 kHz place.
A walk on the WILD side: How wireless handhelds may change computer-supported collaborative learning (2002)

Designs for CSCL (Computer-Supported Collaborative Learning) applications usually presume a desktop or laptop computer. Yet future classrooms arc likely to be organized around Wireless Internet Learning Devices (WILD) that resemble graphing calculators, Palm, or Pocket-PC handhelds, connected by short-range wireless networking. WILD learning will have physical affordances that are different from today's computer lab, and different from classrooms with 5 students per computer. These differing affordances may lead to learning activities that deviate significantly from today's images of K-12 CSCL activities. Drawing upon research across a range of recent handheld projects, we suggest application-level affordances around which WILD-based CSCL has begun to organize: (a) augmenting physical space, (b) leveraging topological space, (c) aggregating coherently across all students, (d) conducting the class, and (e) act becomes artifact. We speculate on how CSCL research may consequently evolve towards a focus on kinds of systemic coupling in an augmented activity space.
Virotherapy Research in Germany: From Engineering to Translation (2017)

Virotherapy is a unique modality for the treatment of cancer with oncolytic viruses (OVs) that selectively infect and lyse tumor cells, spread within tumors, and activate anti-tumor immunity. Various viruses are being developed as OVs preclinically and clinically, several of them engineered to encode therapeutic proteins for tumor-targeted gene therapy. Scientists and clinicians in German academia have made significant contributions to OV research and development, which are highlighted in this review paper. Innovative strategies for "shielding," entry or postentry targeting, and "arming" of OVs have been established, focusing on adenovirus, measles virus, parvovirus, and vaccinia virus platforms. Thereby, new-generation virotherapeutics have been derived. Moreover, immunotherapeutic properties of OVs and combination therapies with pharmacotherapy, radiotherapy, and especially immunotherapy have been investigated and optimized. German investigators are increasingly assessing their OV innovations in investigator-initiated and sponsored clinical trials. As a prototype, parvovirus has been tested as an OV from preclinical proof-of-concept up to first-in-human clinical studies. The approval of the first OV in the Western world, T-VEC (Imlygic), has further spurred the involvement of investigators in Germany in international multicenter studies. With the encouraging developments in funding, commercialization, and regulatory procedures, more German engineering will be translated into OV clinical trials in the near future.
Parametric Control of IPMC Actuator Modeled as Fractional Order System (2012)

IPMC actuators suffer because of a large number of influencing factors that do not allow adequate open loop working conditions and they require the use of controlling strategies. IPMC controllers can be designed by using suitable device models. Here a non integer order transfer function is used to model IPMC actuators. In the present paper the IPMC model is scaled as a function of the actuator length and the control law has been parameterized according to this physical parameter
1H–2H cross-polarization NMR in fast spinning solids by adiabatic sweeps (2017)

Cross-polarization (CP) experiments employing frequency-swept radiofrequency (rf) pulses have been successfully used in static spin systems for obtaining broadband signal enhancements. These experiments have been recently extended to heteronuclear I, S = spin-1/2 nuclides under magic-angle spinning (MAS), by applying adiabatic inversion pulses along the S (low-γ) channel while simultaneously applying a conventional spin-locking pulse on the I-channel (<sup>1</sup>H). This study explores an extension of this adiabatic frequency sweep concept to quadrupolar nuclei, focusing on CP from <sup>1</sup>H (I = 1/2) to <sup>2</sup>H spins (S = 1) undergoing fast MAS (ν<sub>r</sub> = 60 kHz). A number of new features emerge, including zero- and double-quantum polarization transfer phenomena that depend on the frequency offsets of the swept pulses, the rf pulse powers, and the MAS spinning rate. An additional mechanism found operational in the <sup>1</sup>H-<sup>2</sup>H CP case that was absent in the spin-1/2 counterpart, concerns the onset of a pseudo-static zero-quantum CP mode, driven by a quadrupole-modulated rf/dipolar recoupling term arising under the action of MAS. The best CP conditions found at these fast spinning rates correspond to double-quantum transfers, involving weak <sup>2</sup>H rf field strengths. At these easily attainable (ca. 10 kHz) rf field conditions, adiabatic level-crossings among the {|1⟩,|0⟩,|-1⟩} m<sub>S</sub> energy levels, which are known to complicate the CP MAS of quadrupolar nuclei, are avoided. Moreover, the CP line shapes generated in this manner are very close to the ideal <sup>2</sup>H MAS spectral line shapes, facilitating the extraction of quadrupolar coupling parameters. All these features were corroborated with experiments on model compounds and justified using numerical simulations and average Hamiltonian theory models. Potential applications of these new phenomena, as well as extensions to higher spins S, are briefly discussed.
Relationship between anomalous Ettingshausen effect and anomalous Nernst effect in an FePt thin film (2018)

We investigated anomalous Ettingshausen effect (AEE) and anomalous Nernst effect (ANE) for the same device consisting of an FePt thin film. The temperature modulation due to the AEE was visualized using the active infrared emission microscopy, called lock-in thermography. On the other hand, the ANE voltage was detected under the temperature gradient induced by the heater built into the device. We experimentally evaluated the magnitudes of AEE and ANE, taking into account the heat loss to the substrate, and discussed the relationship between AEE and ANE.
Sediment Sampling in Estuarine Mudflats with an Aerial-Ground Robotic Team (2016)

This paper presents a robotic team suited for bottom sediment sampling and retrieval in mudflats, targeting environmental monitoring tasks. The robotic team encompasses a four-wheel-steering ground vehicle, equipped with a drilling tool designed to be able to retain wet soil, and a multi-rotor aerial vehicle for dynamic aerial imagery acquisition. On-demand aerial imagery, properly fused on an aerial mosaic, is used by remote human operators for specifying the robotic mission and supervising its execution. This is crucial for the success of an environmental monitoring study, as often it depends on human expertise to ensure the statistical significance and accuracy of the sampling procedures. Although the literature is rich on environmental monitoring sampling procedures, in mudflats, there is a gap as regards including robotic elements. This paper closes this gap by also proposing a preliminary experimental protocol tailored to exploit the capabilities offered by the robotic system. Field trials in the south bank of the river Tagus' estuary show the ability of the robotic system to successfully extract and transport bottom sediment samples for offline analysis. The results also show the efficiency of the extraction and the benefits when compared to (conventional) human-based sampling.
Real-Time Characterization of Aerosol Particle Composition above the Urban Canopy in Beijing: Insights into the Interactions between the Atmospheric Boundary Layer and Aerosol Chemistry (2015)

Despite extensive efforts into the characterization of air pollution during the past decade, real-time characterization of aerosol particle composition above the urban canopy in the megacity Beijing has never been performed to date. Here we conducted the first simultaneous real-time measurements of aerosol composition at two different heights at the same location in urban Beijing from December 19, 2013 to January 2, 2014. The nonrefractory submicron aerosol (NR-PM1) species were measured in situ by a high-resolution aerosol mass spectrometer at near-ground level and an aerosol chemical speciation monitor at 260 m on a 325 m meteorological tower in Beijing. Secondary aerosol showed similar temporal variations between ground level and 260 m, whereas much weaker correlations were found for the primary aerosol. The diurnal evolution of the ratios and correlations of aerosol species between 260 m and the ground level further illustrated a complex interaction between vertical mixing processes and local source emissions on aerosol chemistry in the atmospheric boundary layer. As a result, the aerosol compositions at the two heights were substantially different. Organic aerosol (OA), mainly composed of primary OA (62%), at the ground level showed a higher contribution to NR-PM1 (65%) than at 260 m (54%), whereas a higher concentration and contribution (15%) of nitrate was observed at 260 m, probably due to the favorable gas-particle partitioning under lower temperature conditions. In addition, two different boundary layer structures were observed, each interacting differently with the evolution processes of aerosol chemistry.
A PERSPECTIVA EXATA E O DESENVOLVIMENTO DA GEOMETRIA ÓTICA (2001)

Este texto propõe a “perspectiva exata” de Brunelleschi e Alberti como a passagem do conceito euclidiano de geometria dos sólidos para o espaço tridimensional cartesiano. Discute também a ideologia nacionalista germânica presente no livro de Erwin Panofsky “A Perspectiva como forma simbólica”, no qual a perspectiva exata é por ele definida como convenção anti-euclidiana, ou mero recurso retórico italiano.
Platelet Function Assessment in a Microfabricated Device (2002)

Although platelets are small and simple in shape, they are complicated in their physiologhy. Their alpha granules and dense bodies secrete a large number of agents that are involved in haemostasis, and the glycoproteins on their surfaces form the linkages with proteins like fibrinogen, fibronectin, collagen and von Willebrand factor that are necessary for adhesion and aggregation (Frojmovic, 1998). Diseases such as heart attack (Meade, 1992), stroke (Harker, 1998) and eclampsia (Schindler et al., 1990), can be the result of pathologies in platelets. Although devices have been recently developed to diagnose platelet function (Nicholson et al., 1998), there is still a need for devices that can examine the multiple factors of platelet physiology that affect thrombus formation. Because fluid shear is a key factor in platelet adhesion and aggregation (Colantuoni et al., 1977), it is necessary to test platelet function under conditions of flow. Also, because of the large number of adhesion receptors and secreted agents that make up a platelet’s physiology, a complete diagnosis of platelet function should be performed on a variety of substrates.
A Childless Initiation of the Internet Key Exchange Version 2 (IKEv2) Security Association (SA) (2010)

2 (IKEv2) protocol that allows an IKEv2 Security Association (SA) to be created and authenticated without generating a Child SA.
Nutzung von ZfP-Daten bei der Nachrechnung von Spannbetonbrücken (2020)

Der Vortrag umfasst methodische Ansatze sowie Fallbeispiele zur Nachrechnung von Betonbrucken unter Einbeziehung von gutebewerteten, zerstorungsfreien Inspektionsergebnissen.
A UHF RFID reader transmitter with digital CMOS power amplifier (2014)

This paper presents a low TX noise transmitter with digital modulated power amplifier (DPA) for UHF RFID reader System-on-Chip. With I/Q digital signals directly modulated on DPA, the transmitter eliminates the pulse shaping filter, up-conversion mixer and power amplifier driver, which are dominant noise contributors in a conventional RFID transmitter. A switch-mode power amplifier cell is adopted in the DPA, which suppresses the amplitude noise in the TX chain. An LO signal buffer strategy is proposed to minimize uncorrelated phase noise which cannot be cancelled by self-cancellation in the RFID receiver. A low noise self-adaptive LDO is designed for lowering TX noise and stable output power. The transmitter achieves a TX noise density lower than -145dBc/Hz and provides a peak output power of 24 dBm with 48% drain efficiency when transmitting CW signal. Through pre-distortion, the transmitter can achieve a spectrum mask with -50 dBc for ACPR1, -62 dBc for ACPR2 and -65dBc for ACPR3. The proposed transmitter is fabricated in a standard 0.18-μm CMOS process with an area of 1000×640μm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> .
Raising the Speed Limit for β-Hairpin Formation (2012)

Understanding the folding of the β-hairpin is a crucial step in studying how β-rich proteins fold. We have studied CLN025, an optimized ten residue synthetic peptide, which adopts a compact, well-structured β-hairpin conformation. Formation of the component β-sheet and β-turn structures of CLN025 was probed independently using a combination of equilibrium Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and laser-induced temperature jump coupled with time-resolved infrared and fluorescence spectroscopies. We find that CLN025 is an ultrafast folder due to its small free energy barrier to folding and that it exceeds the predicted speed limit for β-hairpin formation by an order of magnitude. We also find that the folding mechanism cannot be described by a simple two-state model, but rather is a heterogeneous process involving two independent parallel processes. Formation of stabilizing cross-strand hydrophobic interactions and turn alignment occur competitively, with relaxation lifetimes of 82 ± 10 and 124 ± 10 ns, respectively, at the highest probed temperature. The ultrafast and heterogeneous folding kinetics observed for CLN025 provide evidence for folding on a nearly barrierless free energy landscape, and recalibrate the speed limit for the formation of a β-hairpin.
Direct thromboaspiration efficacy for mechanical thrombectomy is related to the angle of interaction between the aspiration catheter and the clot (2019)

Background Direct thromboaspiration has been reported as an effective mechanical treatment for acute ischemic stroke. We aimed to determine whether the angle of interaction between the aspiration catheter and the clot affects the success of clot removal in ischemic stroke patients with large vessel occlusion in the anterior and posterior circulation. Methods All patients treated at our institution by direct thromboaspiration as a firstline technique between January 2016 and December 2017 were enrolled in the study. We retrospectively reviewed baseline and procedural characteristics, the angle of interaction formed between the aspiration catheter and the clot, the modified Thrombolysis in Cerebral Infarction score, and the 3 month modified Rankin Scale score. Results 85 patients underwent direct thromboaspiration as the firstline treatment during the study period. 100 direct thromboaspiration passes were performed. An angle of interaction of ≥125.5° significantly influenced the success of clot removal (P&lt;0.001) with good sensitivity and specificity, in particular for occlusion of the middle cerebral and basilar artery. The combination of aspiration with a stent retriever based thrombectomy was a valid rescue treatment in cases of standalone direct thromboaspiration failure. Conclusions In our series, an angle of interaction between the aspiration catheter and the clot of ≥125.5° was significantly associated with successful clot removal. The prediction of the angle of interaction on pretreatment imaging may help operators to select the most adequate mechanical thrombectomy technique on a case by case basis.