gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
SU‐E‐T‐42: Analysis of Spatial Trade‐Offs for a Spinal SRS Case (2014)

Purpose: To study whether the spatially limited relaxation of dose constraints could improve the target coverage for spinal lesions. Particularly, to illustrate that the localized relaxation of areas identified as restricting can be used to consider critical trade‐offs. Methods: We used an in‐house planning system based on constrained optimization to explore potential spatial dose distributions. A three‐dimensional visualization of the iso‐dose surfaces and the dose bounds allowed studying the location of limiting constraints. An interactive tool was used to set optimization objectives and to selectively relax constraints. Considering a spinal tumor treatment which resulted in a relapse close to the spinal cord we studied trade‐offs that could increase the coverage of the original GTV. Starting from a plan similar to the original treatment our goal was to cover the GTV facing the spinal cord and including the area of recurrence. Subsequently, different trade‐offs are analyzed. For comparison, a global relaxation of the bounds was studied. Results: We identified that the upper bounds on spinal cord, esophagus and PTV are partially limiting for the optimization. Relaxing limiting constraints in lateral directions, the upper bound in part of the GTV, and on the surface of the spine increased the coverage of the selected region from 5.6 to 87.4 % with 97.3% coverage of the recurrence. Only the explicitly relaxed areas received higher doses. In comparison, relaxing the upper bounds globally yielded 94.5% and 98.5% coverage for the selected and the recurrence regions, respectively. However, hot spots extended even outside the PTV and the 8.5 Gy iso‐dose cut substantially deeper into the spinal cord. Conclusion: Highlighting the constraining regions helped to quickly identify possible trade‐offs. Spatially localized relaxation allows more fine grained compromises when planning cases where conflicting goals prevent solutions close to the original goals.
Quadriceps sparing total knee replacement (2006)

The aim of this study was to compare the results in patients having a quadriceps sparing total knee replacement (TKR) with those undergoing a standard TKR at a minimum follow-up of two years. All patients who had a TKR with a high-flex posterior-stabilised prosthesis prior to December 2002 were reviewed retrospectively. There were 57 patients available for follow-up. Those with a quadriceps sparing TKR had less pain peri-operatively with a greater degree of flexion at all the post-operative visits and at the final follow-up, but their operations took longer, with less accurate radiological alignment. There was no difference in the complications and in the Knee Society scores between the two groups at the final follow-up. Total knee replacement through a quadriceps sparing approach has some peri-operative advantages over the standard incision. At a minimum follow-up of two years the clinical results were similar to those with a standard incision, but the radiological outcomes of the quadriceps sparing group were inferior.
Erratum: Achieving transparency with plasmonic and metamaterial coatings [Phys. Rev. E,72, 016623 (2005)] (2006)

Received 22 December 2005DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevE.73.019906©2006 American Physical Society
Field Tests of a DNAPL Characterization System Using Cone Penetrometer‐Based Raman Spectroscopy (2000)

Abstract Cone penctrometer test (CPT) based Raman spectroscopy was used to identify separate phase tetrachloroethylene (PCE) and trichlorocthylene (TCE) contamination in the subsurface at two locations during field tests conducted at the U.S. Department of Energy's (DOE) Savannah River site. Clear characteristic Raman spectral peaks for PCE and TCE were observed at two sites and several depths during CPT deployment. Because of the uniqueness of a Raman spectrum for a given compound, these data are compelling evidence of the presence of the two compounds. The Raman spectral results correlated with high PCE and TCE concentrations in soil samples collected from the same subsurface zones, confirming that the method is a viable dense nonaqueous phase liquid (DNAPL) characterization technique. The Raman spectroscopic identification of PCE and TCE in these tests represents the first time that DNAPLs have been unequivocally located in the subsurface by an in situ technique. The detection limit of the Raman spectroscopy is related to the probability of contaminant droplets appearing on the optical window in the path of the probe light. Based on data from this fieldwork the Raman technique may require a threshold quantity of DNAPL to provide an adequate optical cross section for spectroscopic response. The low aqueous solubility of PCE and TCE and relatively weak optical intensity of the Raman signal precludes the detection of aqueous phase contaminants by this method, making it selective for DNAPL contaminants only.
Influence of oxygen tension on interleukin 1-induced peroxynitrite formation and matrix turnover in articular cartilage. (2007)

Our findings show that oxygen tension alters IL-1-induced peroxynitrite formation, which can influence proteoglycan degradation. Oxygen tension may influence the effects of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species on matrix homeostasis.
From manual periodontal probing to digital 3‐D imaging to endoscopic capillaroscopy: Recent advances in periodontal disease diagnosis (2018)

Deepened periodontal pockets exert a significant pathological burden on the host and its immune system, particularly in a patient with generalized moderate to severe periodontitis. This burden is extensive and longitudinal, occurring over decades of disease development. Considerable diagnostic and prognostic successes in this regard have come from efforts to measure the depths of the pockets and their contents, including level of inflammatory mediators, cellular exudates and microbes; however, the current standard of care for measuring these pockets, periodontal probing, is an analog technology in a digital age. Measurements obtained by probing are variable, operator dependent and influenced by site-specific factors. Despite these limitations, manual probing is still the standard of care for periodontal diagnostics globally. However, it is becoming increasingly clear that this technology needs to be updated to be compatible with the digital technologies currently being used to image other orofacial structures, such as maxillary sinuses, alveolar bone, nerve foramina and endodontic canals in 3 dimensions. This review aims to summarize the existing technology, as well as new imaging strategies that could be utilized for accurate evaluation of periodontal pocket dimensions.
A Freestanding Selenium Disulfide Cathode Based on Cobalt Disulfide‐Decorated Multichannel Carbon Fibers with Enhanced Lithium Storage Performance (2017)

Abstract SeS 2 shows attractive advantages beyond bare S and Se as a cathode material for lithium storage. Here, a freestanding lotus root‐like carbon fiber network decorated with CoS 2 nanoparticles (denoted as CoS 2 @LRC) has been designed and prepared as the SeS 2 host for enhancing the lithium storage performance. The integrated electrode is constructed by three‐dimensional interconnected multichannel carbon fibers, which can not only accommodate high content of SeS 2 (70 wt %), but also promise excellent electron and ion transport for achieving high capacity utilization of 1015 mAh g −1 at 0.2 A g −1 . What is more, there are numerous CoS 2 nanoparticles decorated all over the inner walls and surfaces of the carbon fibers, providing efficient sulfiphilic sites for restricting the dissolution of polysulfides and polyselenides during the electrochemical processes, thus successfully suppressing the shuttle effect and maintaining excellent cycling stability over 400 cycles at 0.5 A g −1 .
Neuer DWG-PREIS und Reisestipendium (2023)

Der Büttner-Janz-Innovationspreis soll vorwiegend jungen NachwuchswissenschaftlerInnen als Unterstützung für einen Forschungsaufenthalt in einem nationalen oder internationalen Labor oder einer ähnlichen wissenschaftlichen Einrichtung dienen. Die Mindestaufenthaltszeit sollte 3 Monate sein und gewünscht ist eine Co-Finanzierung durch einen Drittmittelgeber oder das Gastgeberlabor. Im Jahr 2023 sollte sich das Projektvorhaben thematisch im Bereich der Wirbelsäulenmedizin an den durch die DWG Adhoc Kommission ‚Spine Science 2025‘ definierten Forschungsschwerpunkten der DWG orientieren:
Hardware-friendly Advanced Motion Vector Predictor Generation for an HEVC Encoder (2018)

As the demand for high-definition video services has increased in recent years, high efficiency video coding (HEVC) has adopted as the nextgeneration compression standard, as of 2013. With regard to hardware-based HEVC encoders, there have been many efforts to improve the processing speed of ME through parallel execution. In this case, the advanced motion vector predictor (AMVP) information must be provided quickly for ME. However, for the parallel processing of AMVP to be accelerated, there is a dependency problem during the generation of the AMVP information. The size of the AMVP hardware also increases sharply. In this paper, two schemes are proposed for a rapid and small AMVP generation module. First, the reduced AMVP scheme avoids the data dependency problem while minimizing hardware resources through the use of approximation. Second, the AMVP reuse scheme correct the approximation to follow the standard with a short execution time. The proposed AMVP hardware is implemented and tested in Verilog. Simulation results show that the performance of the AMVP hardware is greatly improved in terms of the speed and resource use, while the degradation of the compression efficiency is negligible.
Supplementary Figure 2A from Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling Regulates Cytokine-Induced Human Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase Expression by Inhibiting Nuclear Factor-κB Activation in Cancer Cells (2023)

Supplementary Figure 2A from Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling Regulates Cytokine-Induced Human Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase Expression by Inhibiting Nuclear Factor-κB Activation in Cancer Cells
Automatic Detection Of Syllable Repetition In Read Speech For Objective Assessment Of Stuttered Disfluencies (2008)

Automatic detection of syllable repetition is one of the important parameter in assessing the stuttered speech objectively. The existing method which uses artificial neural network (ANN) requires high levels of agreement as prerequisite before attempting to train and test ANNs to separate fluent and nonfluent. We propose automatic detection method for syllable repetition in read speech for objective assessment of stuttered disfluencies which uses a novel approach and has four stages comprising of segmentation, feature extraction, score matching and decision logic. Feature extraction is implemented using well know Mel frequency Cepstra coefficient (MFCC). Score matching is done using Dynamic Time Warping (DTW) between the syllables. The Decision logic is implemented by Perceptron based on the score given by score matching. Although many methods are available for segmentation, in this paper it is done manually. Here the assessment by human judges on the read speech of 10 adults who stutter are described using corresponding method and the result was 83%.
Silicon-on-insulator based high-temperature electronics for automotive applications (2008)

In recent years increasing demand for hybrid electric vehicle has generated the need for reliable and low-cost high-temperature electronics which can operate at the extreme temperatures that exists under the hood. A high-voltage and high-temperature gate-driver integrated circuit for SiC FET switches is designed and implemented in a 0.8-micron Silicon-on-Insulator high-voltage process. First prototype chip has been successfully tested up to 200degC ambient temperature without any heat sink or cooling mechanism. This gate-driver chip is intended to drive SiC power FETs of the DC-DC converters in a hybrid electric vehicle. The converter modules along with the gate-driver chip will be placed very close to the engine where the temperature can reach up to 175degC. Successful operation of the chip at this temperature with or without minimal heat sink and without liquid cooling will help achieve greater power-to-volume as well as power-to-weight ratios for the power electronics module. A second prototype has also been designed with more robust features.
MAS NMR Study of the Metastable Solid Solutions Found in the LiFePO4/FePO4 System (2009)

Li and 3IP NMR experiments were conducted on a series of single- or two-phase samples in the LiFePCvFePCM system with different overall lithium contents, and containing the two end-members and/or two metastable solid solution hases, Lio.6FeP04 or Lio.34FeP04. These experiments were carried out at different temperatures in order to search for vacancy/charge ordering and ion/electron mobility in the metastable phases. Evidence for Li+-Fe2+ interactions was bserved for both Lio.6FeP04 and Lio.34FePC&gt;4. The strength of this interaction leads to the formation of LiFePCvlike clusters in the latter, as shown by the room temperature data. Different motional processes are proposed to exist as the temperature is increased and various scenarios are discussed. While concerted lithium-electron hopping and/or correlations explains the data below 125C, evidence for some uncorrelated motion is found at higher temperatures, together with the onset of phase mixing.
Synthesis and processing of a type I procollagen containing shortened pro-alpha 1(I) chains by fibroblasts from a patient with osteogenesis imperfecta. (1983)

Skin fibroblasts from a patient with a lethal form of osteogenesis imprefecta were found to synthesize equal amounts of normal pro-alpha 1(I) chains and pro-alpha 1(I) chains which are about 10% shorter because of a deletion of about 100 amino acids in the middle of the alpha chain domain. The pro-alpha 1(I) chains were incorporated into three different kinds of trimers: a normal type I trimer with normal length pro-alpha 1(I) chains; a type Is trimer with one shortened pro-alpha 1(I) chain and two normal length chains; and a type Iss trimer containing two shortened pro-alpha 1(I) chains and one normal length pro-alpha 2(I) chain. As judged by resistance to digestion by chymotrypsin and trypsin, the type Is and Iss trimers denatured at a temperature at least 3 degrees C lower than normal type I procollagen. Procollagen containing the shortened pro-alpha 1(I) chains was slowly secreted by the cells but was degraded by extracellular proteinases within 6 h of chase into the medium. The results indicated that the presence of the shortened pro-alpha 1(I) chains in procollagen trimers produces a delay in rate of helix formation, overmodification of the polypeptides by post-translational enzymes, a decrease in the thermal stability of the trimers, and increased susceptibility of the protein to endogenous proteinases. Additionally, the fibroblasts of this patient synthesized and secreted a type III-like species of procollagen with unusual chromatographic properties.
Banken, neue Medien und virtuelle Strukturen (1997)

Im Finanzdienstleistungssektor bewirkt der fortschreitende Einsatz neuer Vertriebswege wie T-Online und des Internet erhebliche Veranderungen an der Schnittstelle KundeBank und induziert neue Formen der Leistungserstellung.


In dem Beitrag werden die wichtigsten Rahmenbedingungen in den Bereichen rechtsgultige Geschafte, Haftung und Datenschutz, Kommunikationsnetze und -technologien, Sicherheitssysteme und digitale Unterschriften sowie Zahlungssysteme und elektronische Geldborsen dargestellt.


Eine empirische Studie zeigt die Entwicklungen und Auswirkungen elektronischer Vertriebswege aus Sicht der Banken auf. Die Befragung von 92 Kreditinstituten hinsichtlich ihrer Erwartung zur Wettbewerbssituation, Produktentwicklung sowie zu den Kundenanforderungen last die verschiedenen Beweggrunde und deren Bedeutung fur Aktivitaten in diesem Bereich erkennen.


Um die grundlegenden Trends im virtuellen Finanzdienstleistungsmarkt aufzuzeigen, werden drei Szenarien zur Leistungserstellung entwickelt und entsprechende Strategiealternativen abgeleitet.
Fault-Tolerant Flow Control in On-chip Networks (2010)

Scaling of interconnects exacerbates the already challenging reliability of on-chip networks. Although many researchers have provided various fault handling techniques in chip multi-processors (CMPs), the fault-tolerance of the interconnection network is yet to adequately evolve. As an end-to-end recovery approach delays fault detection and complicates recovery to a consistent global state in such a system, a link-level retransmission is endorsed for recovery, making a higher-level protocol simple. In this paper, we introduce a fault-tolerant flow control scheme for soft error handling in on-chip networks. The fault-tolerant flow control recovers errors at a link-level by requesting retransmission and ensures an error-free transmission on a flit-basis with incorporation of dynamic packet fragmentation. Dynamic packet fragmentation is adopted as a part of fault-tolerant flow control to disengage flits from the fault-containment and recover the faulty flit transmission. Thus, the proposed router provides a high level of dependability at the link-level for both datapath and control planes. In simulation with injected faults, the proposed router is observed to perform well, gracefully degrading while exhibiting 97% error coverage in datapath elements. The proposed router has been implemented using a TSMC 45 nm standard cell library. As compared to a router which employs triple modular redundancy (TMR) in datapath elements, the proposed router takes 58% less area and consumes 40% less energy per packet on average.
Evaluating device-to-device content delivery potential on a mobile ISP's dataset (2015)

Device-to-Device (D2D) content delivery is an emerging approach, where end-user devices exchange content with other end-user devices in communication range, instead of retrieving content from an operator's infrastructure. This way, the operator network can be offloaded from congestion caused by the transmission of popular content, and the content consumer's quality of experience may increase. However, D2D content delivery is only effective in situations where a device in proximity has the requested content available, which is more likely to happen with popular content in crowded areas. The availability of content in communication range of a consumer constitutes an upper bound of the success of a D2D content delivery mechanism, which is referred to as the potential of D2D delivery. This paper provides a quantitative answer to the question of this potential, and identifies the most important properties a D2D mechanism must provide. An evaluation model is proposed and developed, which can be applied to real-world mobile user traces to determine the quota of content requests that could be served via D2D content delivery. The model is applied on a dataset of a major European Internet service provider and the evaluation results are discussed. The paper concludes that there is potential to deliver up to 60% of requests for popular content via D2D, if a reliable mechanism to predict a user's content consumption is available.
Genetic Deletion of LRP5 and LRP6 in Macrophages Exacerbates Colitis-Associated Systemic Inflammation and Kidney Injury in Response to Intestinal Commensal Microbiota (2022)

Extraintestinal manifestations are common in inflammatory bowel disease and involve several organs, including the kidney. However, the mechanisms responsible for renal manifestation in inflammatory bowel disease are not known. In this study, we show that the Wnt-lipoprotein receptor-related proteins 5 and 6 (LRP5/6) signaling pathway in macrophages plays a critical role in regulating colitis-associated systemic inflammation and renal injury in a murine dextran sodium sulfate-induced colitis model. Conditional deletion of the Wnt coreceptors LRP5/6 in macrophages in mice results in enhanced susceptibility to dextran sodium sulfate colitis-induced systemic inflammation and acute kidney injury (AKI). Furthermore, our studies show that aggravated colitis-associated systemic inflammation and AKI observed in LRP5/6<sup>LysM</sup> mice are due to increased bacterial translocation to extraintestinal sites and microbiota-dependent increased proinflammatory cytokine levels in the kidney. Conversely, depletion of the gut microbiota mitigated colitis-associated systemic inflammation and AKI in LRP5/6<sup>LysM</sup> mice. Mechanistically, LRP5/6-deficient macrophages were hyperresponsive to TLR ligands and produced higher levels of proinflammatory cytokines, which are associated with increased activation of MAPKs. These results reveal how the Wnt-LRP5/6 signaling in macrophages controls colitis-induced systemic inflammation and AKI.
Electrically reconfigurable hybrid phase-change metasurfaces (2022)

Here, we demonstrate an in situ electrically driven tunable metasurface by harnessing the full potential of a phase-change material (PCM) alloy, Ge2Sb2Te5 (GST), in order to realize non-volatile, reversible, multilevel, fast, and remarkable optical modulation in the near-infrared spectral range. A dynamically reprogrammable hybrid plasmonic-PCM metasurface with record eleven-fold change in the reflectance (absolute reflectance contrast reaching 80%), unprecedented quasi-continuous spectral tuning over 250 nm, and switching speed that can potentially reach a few kHz is presented. Capitalizing on such unique properties, we also demonstrate an actively tunable gradient phase-change metasurface for beam steering with a large beam deflection angle.
Safety of Florfenicol in the Adult Lobster (Homarus americanus) (2011)

Aerococcus viridans, the causative agent of the disease gaffkemia, was a major cause of mortality in lobsters (Homarus americanus) held in tidal impoundments during the 1970s and 1980s. Despite reports of an increase in the mortality of lobsters during impoundment, and the widespread prophylactic use of oxytetracycline against A. viridans, this bacterium has not been detected in active disease surveillance of the Maine postcapture lobster population. However, Photobacterium indicum may be an emerging opportunistic pathogen of stressed lobsters. An acute toxicity trial was conducted as a rapid screening procedure for the potential future use of the antibiotic florfenicol. Based on the results of this experiment, florfenicol appears to be well tolerated in adult H. americanus by intrapericardial injection at the 10-100 mg/kg dose. Oxytetracycline dihydrate is contraindicated by intrapericardial injection at the 10-100 mg/kg dose.
Multipolar expansion sensors for near field characterization (2008)

This paper introduces a new generation of magnetic field sensors, based on the spherical harmonics decomposition concept. The measurement principle is similar to a spatial filtering: according to the coil shape, the sensors are just sensitive to a specific component of the multipolar expansion. Five coil shapes are determined, in order to account for the first two orders of the harmonic decomposition. The way of determining the coil shape is first explained, and a validation is proposed using a finite element software.
Analysis of TDECQ Dependence on Skew and Extinction Ratio with 106-Gb/s PAM-4 modulation of Directly Modulated Submicron Ridge Localized Buried Heterostructure Lasers (2020)

The importance of high relaxation oscillation frequency to obtain superior 106-Gb/s PAM-4 waveforms was revealed for SR-LBH lasers. In addition, clear 56-Gb/s NRZ eye openings were first demonstrated up to 85°C using SR-LBH laser.