gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Auto Cropping for Digital Photographs (2005)

In this paper, we propose an effective approach to the nearly untouched problem, still photograph auto cropping, which is one of the important features to automatically enhance photographs. To obtain an optimal result, we first formulate auto cropping as an optimization problem by defining an energy function, which consists of three sub models: composition sub model, conservative sub model, and penalty sub model. Then, particle swarm optimization (PSO) is employed to obtain the optimal solution by maximizing the objective function. Experimental results and user studies over hundreds of photographs show that the proposed approach is effective and accurate in most cases, and can be used in many practical multimedia applications.
The effect of pH on microbial activity and community structure in the biological removal of resin acids from wastewater (2009)

Pulp mills in Canada rely on biological treatment systems for the removal of resin acids that are released from wood during pulping and bleaching. These are priority contaminants for the pulping industry, since they have been frequently associated with events of toxicity breakthrough. Although, tighter mill control has helped to minimize the losses of resin acids in wastewater, acute toxicity removal in downstream biological treatment systems may still be insufficient, particularly under dynamic loading conditions. The mechanisms responsible for these limitations are not fully understood. This dissertation documents a fundamental study into the fate of resin acids during biological treatment. The objective was to quantify the influence of pH on the resin acid bioavailability, metabolism, and retention time during biological treatment. A progression of two batch and two continuous flow bioreactor investigations were undertaken to consider the interrelated issues of pH-dependent microbial activity and resin acid hydrophobicity. Changes in pH, within the typical range for biological treatment, significantly altered the bioavailability of resin acids and the community of microorganisms responsible for resin acid biodegradation. A sudden input of resin acids promoted an elevated level of community change during continuous treatment of bleached kraft mill effluent. The capacity of a treatment system to remove resin acids was found to be a function of the contaminant loading history. Time lag before biological removal in response to a shift-up in resin acid loading was significant and was also affected by the treatment system pH. Hence, the prevailing bioreactor pH operating condition, in conjunction with the period and amplitude of loading transients were shown to be key aspects controlling the microbial community structure and physiological state, which in turn determine the rate and extent of biological removal of resin acids. Through the course of the four investigations, novel contributions have been made in the areas of surface tension and microbial fatty acid measurements that have engineering application in future modelling and monitoring of the behaviour of microbial wastewater treatment processes.
Influence of tool nature and coating on the temperature distribution during chip formation in orthogonal cutting of steels (1997)

Mastering of metal removal processes requires the understanding of the physical phenomenons involved during chip formation. In particular, heat generation induced by metal cutting is an important factor which affect tool life. In order to have a better appreciation of thermal transfers mechanisms in the workpiece/tool/chip contact zone, a technique of cutting temperature measurement, relying on the use of a CCD-Infrared Camera has been developed for orthogonal cutting. This technique allows to observe the temperature of the cutting zone and permits to study the way the heat is evacuated across tool and chip.
ChemInform Abstract: 2,2′‐(5,8‐Dihydroquinoxaline‐5,8‐diylidene)bis(1,3‐benzodithiole)s. A New Type of Electron Donors. (1990)

Abstract The quinoxalinediones (I) react with cyclopentadiene (II) to give the Diels‐Alder adducts (III) which are coupled with the phosphonate (IV) to form the fulvalene‐like compounds (V).
The Convergence of the Hedgehog/Intein Fold in Different Protein Splicing Mechanisms (2020)

Protein splicing catalyzed by inteins utilizes many different combinations of amino-acid types at active sites. Inteins have been classified into three classes based on their characteristic sequences. We investigated the structural basis of the protein splicing mechanism of class 3 inteins by determining crystal structures of variants of a class 3 intein from <i>Mycobacterium chimaera</i> and molecular dynamics simulations, which suggested that the class 3 intein utilizes a different splicing mechanism from that of class 1 and 2 inteins. The class 3 intein uses a bond cleavage strategy reminiscent of proteases but share the same Hedgehog/INTein (HINT) fold of other intein classes. Engineering of class 3 inteins from a class 1 intein indicated that a class 3 intein would unlikely evolve directly from a class 1 or 2 intein. The HINT fold appears as structural and functional solution for <i>trans</i>-peptidyl and <i>trans</i>-esterification reactions commonly exploited by diverse mechanisms using different combinations of amino-acid types for the active-site residues.
Photochemical Control of the Mechanical and Adhesive Properties of Crystalline Molecular Solids (2021)

This paper describes a systematic investigation of the mechanical and adhesive properties of four novel photoresponsive crystalline molecular solids. Each molecular solid comprises a benzyl, naphthyl, or adamantyl scaffold modified with a nitrobenzyl photolabile protecting group. Mechanical and adhesive testing, which recorded shear strengths in the range of 50–150 kPa, provide a direct measurement of the strength of the interfacial intermolecular interactions present within these materials. These interactions were visualized and rationalized using X-ray diffraction techniques and light microscopy. Disruption of interfacial interactions is facilitated by light-induced deprotection of the nitrobenzyl group. Depending on the strategic selection of adhesive, UV irradiation may result in up to a 4-fold increase or in a complete elimination in the observed adhesive strength. The change in adhesion exhibited by each material is determined, in part, by the extent of the solid-state photoconversion, which ranges from <5% to 26%, as well as the relative strength of the interfacial interactions present before and after irradiation. This research demonstrates the ability to tailor the emergent macroscopic mechanical properties of crystalline materials through strategic molecular design.
AVITAL, a private teaching system by FAX communication (2003)

AVITAL is a private teaching system by FAX communication. The database management system is the most important component in the integrated AVITAL system. Integrating diverse and complex operations requires that data be shared across components where multiple users and application processes concurrently manipulate the databases. AVITAL's data transmission facilities include automatic FAX transmission according to scheduling data and automatic image recognition by bar code. AVITAL has significantly reduced manual operations and processing time.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
DNA damage repair kinase DNA‐PK and cGAS synergize to induce cancer‐related inflammation in glioblastoma (2022)

Cytosolic DNA promotes inflammatory responses upon detection by the cyclic GMP-AMP (cGAMP) synthase (cGAS). It has been suggested that cGAS downregulation is an immune escape strategy harnessed by tumor cells. Here, we used glioblastoma cells that show undetectable cGAS levels to address if alternative DNA detection pathways can promote pro-inflammatory signaling. We show that the DNA-PK DNA repair complex (i) drives cGAS-independent IRF3-mediated type I Interferon responses and (ii) that its catalytic activity is required for cGAS-dependent cGAMP production and optimal downstream signaling. We further show that the cooperation between DNA-PK and cGAS favors the expression of chemokines that promote macrophage recruitment in the tumor microenvironment in a glioblastoma model, a process that impairs early tumorigenesis but correlates with poor outcome in glioblastoma patients. Thus, our study supports that cGAS-dependent signaling is acquired during tumorigenesis and that cGAS and DNA-PK activities should be analyzed concertedly to predict the impact of strategies aiming to boost tumor immunogenicity.
A Non‐cleavable UmuD variant that acts as a UmuD’ mimic (2006)

E. coli UmuD2 cleaves off its N-terminal 24 amino acids to form UmuD′2, which activates UmuC for its role in UV-mutagenesis. Cells with a non-cleavable UmuD exhibit essentially no UV-induced mutagenesis and are hypersensitive to killing by UV light. UmuD binds to the β processivity clamp (“β”) of DNA pol III. A possible β-binding motif has been predicted in the same region of UmuD shown to be important for its interaction with β. Alanine-scanning mutagenesis of this motif in UmuD (14TFPLF18) showed that the motif has a moderate effect on UV-induced mutagenesis but is required for the cold sensitive phenotype caused by elevated levels of wild-type UmuD and UmuC. Surprisingly, the wild-type and the β-motif variant bind to β with similar Kd values, but the single tryptophan in β is in different environments in the presence of the wild-type versus the variant UmuD proteins. Despite the fact that this UmuD variant is non-cleavable, cells harboring it display phenotypes more consistent with the cleaved form UmuD′, such as resistance to killing by UV light and loss of the cold sensitive phenotype. Cross-linking and chemical modification experiments indicate that the N-terminal arms of the UmuD variant are less likely to be bound to the globular domain than those of the wild-type, which may be the mechanism by which this UmuD variant acts as a UmuD′ mimic. Supported by NCI and NIEHS (from the MIT CEHS) to G.C.W.; a Damon Runyon Cancer Research Foundation fellowship to P.J.B.; a Cleo and Paul Schimmel Fellowship to S.M.S.; and the U.S. DoE to the Univ. of California, LLNL.
Synthesis of 3-bromo-2-pyrones and their reactions with bases (1968)

The synthesis of α-pyrones related to isodehydracetic acid (2,4-dimethyl-6-oxopyran-3-carboxylic acid), their bromination, and the reaction of the bromo-compounds with bases have been reinvestigated and extended. The sodium-catalysed condensation of β-keto-esters and related compounds with acetyenic esters provides a satisfactory general method for synthesis of the α-pyrones. The reactions of the bromo-pyrones with alkali depend markedly on the structure of the pyrone, the nature of the alkali, and the reaction conditions, and give, variously, acyclic, cyclopropane, cyclopentane, and furan acids or their decarboxylation products. The formation of alkylidenecyclopropanes like Feist's acid is not a very general reaction.
Genetic Therapies for the Fetus (2002)

Center for Fetal Diagnosis and Therapy, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Correspondence: Alan W. Flake, MD, The Children's Institute for Surgical Science, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 34th Street and Civic Center Blvd., Philadelphia, PA 19104-4399. E-mail: [email protected]
Dynamics of vessel wall changes following the implantation of the Absorb everolimus-eluting bioresorbable vascular scaffold: a multi-imaging modality study at 6, 12, 24 and 36 months (2014)

http://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00856856.
Webster's New World Computer Dictionary (2001)

With over 4,500 entries, Webster's New World Computer Dictionary, 9th Edition goes beyond the basic definitions by providing the full picture of why a term is important and how it relates to other terms. Everyone -- from new users to technology professionals -- will want this in their reference library.
Efficient transfer of DNP‐enhanced 1 H magnetization to half‐integer quadrupolar nuclei in solids at moderate spinning rate (2021)

We show herein how the proton magnetization enhanced by dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) can be efficiently transferred at moderate magic-angle spinning (MAS) frequencies to half-integer quadrupolar nuclei, S ≥ 3/2, using the Dipolar-mediated Refocused Insensitive Nuclei Enhanced by Polarization Transfer (D-RINEPT) technique, in which a symmetry-based <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mi>SR</mml:mi> <mml:msubsup><mml:mn>4</mml:mn> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:msubsup> </mml:math> recoupling scheme built from adiabatic inversion <sup>1</sup> H pulses reintroduces the <sup>1</sup> H-S dipolar couplings, while suppressing the <sup>1</sup> H-<sup>1</sup> H ones. The use of adiabatic pulses also improves the robustness to offsets and radiofrequency (rf)-field inhomogeneity. Furthermore, the efficiency of the polarization transfer is further improved by using <sup>1</sup> H composite pulses and continuous-wave irradiations between the recoupling blocks, as well as by manipulating the S satellite transitions during the first recoupling block. Furthermore, in the case of large <sup>1</sup> H-S dipolar couplings, the D-RINEPT variant with two pulses on the quadrupolar channel results in an improved transfer efficiency. We compare here the performances of this new adiabatic scheme with those of its parent version with single π pulses, as well as with those of PRESTO and CPMAS transfers. This comparison is performed using simulations as well as DNP-enhanced <sup>27</sup> Al, <sup>95</sup> Mo, and <sup>17</sup> O NMR experiments on isotopically unmodified γ-alumina, hydrated titania-supported MoO<sub>3</sub> , Mg(OH)<sub>2</sub> , and l-histidine·HCl·H<sub>2</sub> O. The introduced RINEPT method outperforms the existing methods, both in terms of efficiency and robustness to rf-field inhomogeneity and offset.
Community-based wireless IoT infrastructure using ubiquitous vending machines (2016)

This paper proposes the concept of community-based wireless IoT infrastructure using ubiquitous vending machines. Assuming to configure a mesh/tree network with data multi-hopping function based on the wireless standard “Wi-SUN (Wireless Smart Utility Network),” which is to use IEEE802.15.4e/4g for its MAC and PHY layers specifications, this paper shows a network design to be applied to a real deployment plan in Sumida ward, Tokyo, Japan, considering fundamental measured RSSI versus distance performance in a line-of-sight (LoS) environment. This paper also discusses several beacon-based IoT data dissemination applications for the community-based IoT infrastructure combined with flooding routing technique. Based on the above concepts and the real deployment plan, this paper discusses and shows the estimated results of some key network performance factors, such as coverage, capacity, success ratio, and latency by a theoretical or a simulation approach.
Chromone-Derived Polyketides from the Deep-Sea Fungus Diaporthe phaseolorum FS431 (2019)

Five new chromone-derived polyketides phaseolorins A-F (<b>1</b>⁻<b>5</b>), together with nine known compounds, were isolated from the deep-sea derived fungus <i>Diaporthe phaseolorum</i> FS431. The structures of new compounds were determined by analysis of their NMR and high-resolution electrospray ionization mass spectroscopy (HRESIMS) spectroscopic data. The absolute configurations were confirmed by chemical transformations, extensively experimental electron capture detection (ECD) calculations, or X-ray crystallography. Among them, compound <b>2</b> represented the first example for a new family of chromone derivative possessing an unprecedented recombined five-member <i>γ</i>-lactone ring. Moreover, the new compounds (<b>1</b>⁻<b>5</b>) were evaluated for in vitro cytotoxic activities against a panel of human cancer cell lines.
Effect of model organic compounds on potentiometric stripping analysis using a cellulose acetate membrane-covered electrode (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTEffect of model organic compounds on potentiometric stripping analysis using a cellulose acetate membrane-covered electrodeJoseph H. Aldstadt and Howard D. DewaldCite this: Anal. Chem. 1993, 65, 7, 922–926Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac00055a015https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00055a015research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views118Altmetric-Citations25LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Load Balance Awared Data Sharing Systems In Heterogeneous Edge Environment (2020)

Edge computing has become the de facto method for delay-sensitive applications, in which the computation and storage resources are placed at the edge of network. The main responsibility of edge computing is to carry data from the Cloud downlinks and terminal uplinks, and organize these data well on the edge side. This is the basis for subsequent analysis and processing of data. Therefore, this brings about a question as to how those data should be organized on the edge and how to store and retrieve them. In response to this demand, some methods have been proposed to solve the related problems of how to build data storage and retrieval services on the edge side. Those methods propose three different solutions: structured, unstructured, and hybrid schemes. However, the data storage and retrieval services for the heterogeneous edge environment is still lack of research. It is still not considered an important design test load balancing when the data is stored on the edge side. In this paper, we design and implement w-strategy, a load balance approach that implements the appropriate load balance among the heterogeneous edge nodes by using the weighted Voronoi diagram. Our solution utilizes the software defined networking paradigm to support a virtual-space based distributed hash tables (DHTs) to distribute data. Evaluation results show that w-strategy achieves better load balancing among the heterogeneous edge nodes compared to the existing methods, GRED and Chord. And, the w-strategy improves the average underutilization of the resources by 20%.
Use of Sloppy Molecular Beacon Probes for Identification of Mycobacterial Species (2009)

We report here the use of novel "sloppy" molecular beacon probes in homogeneous PCR screening assays in which thermal denaturation of the resulting probe-amplicon hybrids provides a characteristic set of amplicon melting temperature (T(m)) values that identify which species is present in a sample. Sloppy molecular beacons possess relatively long probe sequences, enabling them to form hybrids with amplicons from many different species despite the presence of mismatched base pairs. By using four sloppy molecular beacons, each possessing a different probe sequence and each labeled with a differently colored fluorophore, four different T(m) values can be determined simultaneously. We tested this technique with 27 different species of mycobacteria and found that each species generates a unique, highly reproducible signature that is unaffected by the initial bacterial DNA concentration. Utilizing this general paradigm, screening assays can be designed for the identification of a wide range of species.
The cubane paradigm in bioactive molecule discovery: further scope, limitations and the cyclooctatetraene complement (2019)

The cubane phenyl ring bioisostere paradigm was further explored in an extensive study covering a wide range of pharmaceutical and agrochemical templates, which included antibiotics (cefaclor, penicillin G) and antihistamine (diphenhydramine), a smooth muscle relaxant (alverine), an anaesthetic (ketamine), an agrochemical instecticide (triflumuron), an antiparasitic (benznidazole) and an anticancer agent (tamibarotene). This investigation highlights the scope and limitations of incorporating cubane into bioactive molecule discovery, both in terms of synthetic compatibility and physical property matching. Cubane maintained bioisosterism in the case of the Chagas disease antiparasitic benznidazole, although it was less active in the case of the anticancer agent (tamibarotenne). Application of the cyclooctatetraene (COT) (bio)motif complement was found to optimize benznidazole relative to the benzene parent, and augmented anticancer activity relative to the cubane analogue in the case of tamibarotene. Like all bioisosteres, scaffolds and biomotifs, however, there are limitations (e.g. synthetic implementation), and these have been specifically highlighted herein using failed examples. A summary of all templates prepared to date by our group that were biologically evaluated strongly supports the concept that cubane is a valuable tool in bioactive molecule discovery and COT is a viable complement.
Dietary soy protein and flax oil retard progression of advanced renal injury in adult Han:SPRD‐ cy rats (2006)

Dietary soy protein and flax oil ameliorate the progression of early kidney disease in several experimental models, including the Han:SPRD‐ cy rat. However, individuals with kidney disease often do not become aware of their condition until injury to the kidney is extensive. The objective of this study was to determine whether initiating these interventions in established disease would alter further progression of renal injury. Two month old adult male Han:SPRD‐ cy rats were given either a flax oil diet (7% flax oil, rich in 18:3n‐3), a soy protein diet (20% soy protein) or a control diet (7% corn oil, rich in 18:2n‐6 and 20% casein) for 4 months. Renal fibrosis and cystic change were assessed morphometrically. Renal inflammation, cell proliferation (PCNA) and oxidant injury were measured immunohistochemically. Compared to controls, there was 21‐25% less PCNA staining (P=0.0001), 21–24% less renal oxidant injury (P=0.0105) and 13–15% lower renal inflammation (P=0.0113) in flax oil and soy protein fed rats. Renal cystic growth, fibrosis and serum creatinine levels were not altered by these dietary treatments. Therefore, in addition to the potential reno‐protective effects of flax oil and soy protein in slowing the progression of early renal disease, both dietary interventions also reduce renal injury in established kidney disease. (Supported by Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada, Manitoba Institute of Child Health and the Manitoba Health Research Council)