gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Analysis of link reversal routing algorithms for mobile ad hoc networks (2003)

Link reversal algorithms provide a simple mechanism for routing in mobile ad hoc networks. These algorithms maintain routes to any particular destination in the network, even when the network topology changes frequently. In link reversal, a node reverses its incident links whenever it loses routes to the destination. Link reversal algorithms have been studied experimentally and have been used in practical routing algorithms, including [8].This paper presents the first formal performance analysis of link reversal algorithms. We study these algorithms in terms of work (number of node reversals) and the time needed until the network stabilizes to a state in which all the routes are reestablished. We focus on the full reversal algorithm and the partial reversal algorithm, both due to Gafni and Berstekas [5]; the first algorithm is simpler, while the latter has been found to be more efficient for typical cases. Our results are as follows:(1) The full reversal algorithm requires O(n2) work and time, where n is the number of nodes which have lost the routes to the destination.(2) The partial reversal algorithm requires O(n • a* + n2) work and time, where a* is a non-negative integer which depends on the state of the network. This bound is tight in the worst case, for any a*.(3) There are networks such that for every deterministic link reversal algorithm, there are initial states which require requires ω(n2) work and time to stabilize. Therefore, surprisingly, the full reversal algorithm is asymptotically optimal in the worst case, while the partial reversal algorithm is not, since a* can grow arbitrarily large.
Communication Requirements for Generating Correlated Random Variables (2008)

Two familiar notions of correlation are rediscovered as extreme operating points for simulating a discrete memoryless channel, in which a channel output is generated based only on a description of the channel input. Wyner's "common information" coincides with the minimum description rate needed. However, when common randomness independent of the input is available, the necessary description rate reduces to Shannon's mutual information. This work characterizes the optimal tradeoff between the amount of common randomness used and the required rate of description.
Root architecture characterization in relation to biomass allocation and biological nitrogen fixation in a collection of European soybean genotypes (2021)

Soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merr] is the legume with the largest cultivated area worldwide and its yield depends largely on symbiotic nitrogen fixation and root architecture. This study aimed to explore the genetic variability of root architectural traits and di-nitrogen fixing activity in a small collection of nine European cultivars belonging to the same maturity group during their early stages. New image analysis approaches were implemented to characterise root architecture at high throughput. Significant genetic variability was identified for the width of the root system, root density, and for nitrogen fixation. This study allowed us to highlight trade-offs among root and nodule traits, and structural and functional traits. Finally, both the image analysis approach and the results could be used for breeding programs of soybean, that could take into account the root system architecture, when the plant interacts in symbiosis with N 2 -fixing bacteria.
Photon-Counting-CT als mögliche neue Bildgebung für die postoperative Diagnostik bei Cochlea-Implantation (2023)

Die Bildgebung des Felsenbeins ist ein essenzieller Bestandteil der postoperativen Diagnostik nach einer Cochlea-Implantation (CI). Hierzu wird i.d.R. ein „multi-slice CT“ (MSCT) zur Lagekontrolle der inserierten CI-Elektrode durchgeführt. Das Photon-Counting-CT (PC-CT) ist eine Bildgebung, mit welcher die Artefaktentstehung sowie die Strahlenbelastung deutlich reduziert werden könnten, was die Bildqualität positiv beeinflussen sollte. Ziel dieser Studie war es zu untersuchen, inwiefern sich das PC-CT als neues diagnostisches Mittel zur Evaluierung der anatomischen Beschaffenheit der Cochlea nach CI eignet und ob es hinsichtlich der Strahlungsdosis signifikante Unterschiede bei der Bildqualität gibt. In dieser Studie erfolgte eine PC-CT Bildgebung von 10 Felsenbeinpräparaten mit inserierter CI-Elektrode (Flex 28). Jedes dieser Präparate erhielt 8 Aufnahmen unterschiedlicher Strahlungsdosen. Anschließend wurde in jeder Aufnahme mittels einer 3D-Rekonstruktion die Länge der Cochlea (cochlear duct length, CDL) unter Verwendung der OsiriX Software ermittelt. Die Abweichungen der im PC-CT gemessenen CDLs lagen im Vergleich zum Micro-CT (Goldstandard) bei allen 8 Strahlendosen pro Felsenbein unter 1mm. Es zeigten sich keine signifikanten Unterschiede bezüglich der CDLs zwischen den 8 PC-CT Strahlungsdosen. Das PC-CT lässt auch mit der geringsten Strahlendosis eine adäquate Vermessung der Cochlea zu. Daher kann über 80% der herkömmlichen Strahlendosis bei CT-Bildgebung eingespart werden, welche dann nur noch ca. 2% der natürlichen Jahresexposition durch Hintergrundstrahlung entspricht. Diese Erkenntnisse können einen Einfluss auf die Bildgebung im Rahmen einer CI-Operation haben, da die Strahlenbelastung mit der neuen Technik nahezu vernachlässigbar ist.
TRACEBACK: Testing of Historical Tubo-Ovarian Cancer Patients for Hereditary Risk Genes as a Cancer Prevention Strategy in Family Members (2022)

We overcame ethical and logistic challenges to demonstrate that retrospective genetic testing to identify PVs in previously untested deceased probands with TOC is feasible. Understanding reasons for a family member's decision to accept or decline a referral will be important for guiding future TRACEBACK projects.
Gaining From Multiple Ambient Sources: Signaling Matrix for Multi-Antenna Backscatter Devices (2023)

The backscatter device (BD) in ambient backscatter communication (AmBC) systems is often illuminated by multiple ambient sources in reality. Although multiple ambient sources can benefit the AmBC systems, this scenario has been rarely studied. This letter gives an answer to the overlooked question of how to effectively obtain the gain from multiple ambient sources—using a proper signaling matrix on a multi-antenna BD. We optimize the BD signaling matrix based on the criterion of minimizing the AmBC system bit-error-rate (BER) performance. The derived signaling matrices combine the ambient signals and steer the backscatter signal toward the receiver to increase the received signal strength. The simulation results show that the multi-antenna BD effectively uses multiple ambient sources, and the derived BD signaling matrices robustly achieve a larger communication range or a higher datarate of AmBC systems.
Osmotic, biomass, and oxygen effects on the growth rate of Fusarium oxysporum using a dissolved‐oxygen‐controlled turbidostat (1989)

The system described is a modified Hospodka's turbidostat. This device helps to measure the maximum growth rate of fungi in steady-state aerobic conditions with defined and independent concentration of dissolved oxygen, biomass, and substrate even unlimited. The principle consists of a turbidostat controlled by the dissolved oxygen concentration. The inlet medium pump operates when the dissolved oxygen concentration falls below the set point value. This method allows us to study independently effects of different physical and chemical variables on the maximum specific growth rate of microorganisms. A fungus, Fusarium oxysporum 47 isolated from soil, does not show a depressive effect on growth when dissolved oxygen concentration decreases to 5% and osmotic potential to -25 bars. Increasing biomass concentration in the range 0.1-1.0 g/L appears to depress markedly the maximum growth rate.
ZBED6 counteracts high-fat diet-induced glucose intolerance by maintaining beta cell area and reducing excess mitochondrial activation (2021)

It is concluded that ZBED6 is required for normal beta cell replication and also limits excessive beta cell mitochondrial activation in response to an increased functional demand. ZBED6 may act, at least in part, by restricting PRC-mediated mitochondrial activation/ROS production, which may lead to protection against beta cell dysfunction and glucose intolerance in vivo.
Four‐dimensional analysis of cyclic changes in coronary artery shape (2002)

The objective of this study was to derive a method for quantifying the dynamic geometry of coronary arteries. Coronary artery geometry plays an important role in atherosclerosis. Coronary artery geometry also influences the performance of coronary interventions. Conversely, implantation of stents may alter coronary artery geometry. Clinical tools to define vessel shape have not been readily available. Using a Frenet-Serret curvature analysis applied to 3D reconstruction data derived from standard coronary angiograms, 21 coronary arteries were analyzed at end-diastole (ED) and end-systole (ES). Vessels were divided anatomically: type 1 consisted of vessels lying in the AV groove (left circumflex, right coronary) and type 2 consisted of vessels overlying actively contracting myocardium (left anterior descending, diagonal, obtuse marginal, right ventricular marginal, posterior descending, posterolateral). Vessel segments were analyzed by assessing the changes in curvature, torsion, and discrete flexion points (FPs), areas of systolic bending in the arterial contour. The curvature from ED to ES of type 1 vessels was unchanged (-0.02 +/- 0.03 cm(-1)), while the curvature change of type 2 vessels showed a 38% increase (0.33 +/- 0.04 cm(-1); P < 0.001). Type 1 vessels had fewer FPs per vessel than type 2 vessels (0.38 +/- 0.18 and 2.40 +/- 0.23 FP/vessel, respectively; P < 0.001). FPs were more common in distal segments and branch vessels. A method to quantify cyclic changes in coronary artery shape was applied to 3D data sets derived from standard coronary angiograms. Coronary arteries undergo a cyclic change in shape resulting in changes in overall curvature as well as formation of discrete flexion points. These changes in vessel shape are asymmetrically distributed in coronary arteries.
Multiplex Assay for Simultaneously Typing and Subtyping Influenza Viruses by Use of an Electronic Microarray (2008)

We report on the use of an electronic microarray to simultaneously type influenza A and B viruses and to distinguish influenza A virus subtypes H1N1 and H3N2 from the potentially pandemic avian virus subtype H5N1. The assay targets seven genes: the H1, H3, H5, N1, and N2 genes of influenza A virus; the matrix protein M1 gene of influenza A virus; and the nonstructural protein (NS) gene of influenza B virus. By combining a two-step reverse transcription-multiplex PCR with typing and subtyping on the electronic microarray, the assay achieved an analytical sensitivity of 10(2) to 10(3) copies of transcripts per reaction for each of the genes. The assay correctly typed and subtyped 15 different influenza virus isolates, including two influenza B virus, five A/H1N1, six A/H3N2, and two A/H5N1 isolates. In addition, the assay correctly identified 8 out of 10 diluted, archived avian influenza virus specimens with complete typing and subtyping information and 2 specimens with partial subtyping information. In a study of 146 human clinical specimens that had previously been shown to be positive for influenza virus or another respiratory virus, the assay showed a clinical sensitivity of 96% and a clinical specificity of 100%. The assay is a rapid, accurate, user-friendly method for simultaneously typing and subtyping influenza viruses.
Optical Clocks in Space (2006)

The performance of optical clocks has strongly progressed in recent years, and accuracies and instabilities of 1 part in 10^18 are expected in the near future. The operation of optical clocks in space provides new scientific and technological opportunities. In particular, an earth-orbiting satellite containing an ensemble of optical clocks would allow a precision measurement of the gravitational redshift, navigation with improved precision, mapping of the earth's gravitational potential by relativistic geodesy, and comparisons between ground clocks.
PTUC: Will micromachining ever make it into RF/microwave silicon volume manufacturing? (2004)

Provides an abstract of the panel topic and a brief professional biography of the presenter. The complete presentation was not made available for publication as part of the conference proceedings.
Effectiveness of different incentive models in free-floating carsharing systems: A case study in Milan (2018)

In recent years, carsharing and especially free-floating carsharing (FFCS) concepts have gained popularity, especially in urban areas. In FFCS systems, customers can pick up and drop off vehicles anywhere in a defined business area. While these systems offer a maximum level of flexibility for the customer, the operator is confronted with spatiotemporal demand asymmetries. In order to offer a reliable mobility product, the operator has to assure a certain level of availability by relocating vehicles. As relocations are associated with costs, the FFCS operator has introduced a special incentive system in Milan. The operating area is two-stage, i.e. it consists of a central business area and a peripheral business area. As the peripheral area is less attractive, the operator offers a bonus minute incentive for cars picked up in the peripheral area and returned in the central area. The second incentive (reduced rates) has no restrictions on where to return the vehicle. The goal of this study is to evaluate and compare the effectiveness of the two different incentives regarding the potential to substitute operator-based transfers. To this end, we analyzed more than 600,000 app calls and more than 80,000 rentals. First, we partitioned the operating area into zones to evaluate their attractiveness. In a second step, the success of the different offer types was assessed by analyzing the influence of incentives on the idle times and comparing the vehicle distribution before and after the rental. As a result, we can confirm that the vehicle distribution is improved which means that customers can be influenced to return a car in a predefined area. The idle time after an incentive is placed is significantly lower than the average idle time in the peripheral area. A definite price sensitivity of the customers cannot be stated with the examined data.
Collective Asymmetric Total Synthesis of Cylindricines (2023)

Collective asymmetric total synthesis of marine tricyclic alkaloids, cylindricines A–H, and the proposed structures of cylindricine I and J, was achieved in a concise manner from a single common spirocyclic pyrrolidine intermediate. A tandem chemoselective oxidation/intramolecular aza-Michael addition/epimerization was exploited to complete the tricyclic skeleton. This work provides a versatile synthetic entry to the cylindricine family of marine tricyclic alkaloids.
Epidemiological, Clinical and Laboratory Features of Strongyloidiasis in 69 Attendees at a French Outpatient Clinic (2023)

The present retrospective study analyzed the characteristics of strongyloidiasis in patients who were diagnosed at the Outpatient Clinic of the Department of Parasitology-Mycology, Toulouse, France. Sixty-nine file records were included in the study on the basis of a positive stool examination that used Baermann's method. The prominent epidemiological findings were the presence of former immigrants from Italy or Portugal, veterans from the 1st Indochina war, and autochthonous cases. Almost 1/4 of the patients were asymptomatic. Manifestations of skin allergy were the main clinical feature. Blood eosinophilia was present in 76.8% of the patients, and serum total IgE was ≥150 kIU/L in 79.7%. Immunodiagnosis was achieved from 1990 to 2001 by indirect immunofluorescence (IFAT) that was then replaced with ELISA, both methods using <i>Strongyloides ratti</i> filariform larvae. ELISA was found to be similar to IFAT in terms of specificity but exhibited a greater sensitivity. Patients were primarily treated with albendazole or ivermectin beginning in 1993. Forty-eight patients attended the follow-up consultation. Kinetics of the clinical picture and blood eosinophilia were found to be the most convenient parameters to assess the efficacy of anthelmintic therapy. In conclusion, strongyloidiasis remains a neglected disease in Southwestern France. The resolution of clinical features along with the kinetics of eosinophilia appeared to be the most appropriate parameters to check during the posttreatment follow-up.
Exploiting evolutionary principles to prolong tumor control in preclinical models of breast cancer (2016)

Conventional cancer treatment strategies assume that maximum patient benefit is achieved through maximum killing of tumor cells. However, by eliminating the therapy-sensitive population, this strategy accelerates emergence of resistant clones that proliferate unopposed by competitors-an evolutionary phenomenon termed "competitive release." We present an evolution-guided treatment strategy designed to maintain a stable population of chemosensitive cells that limit proliferation of resistant clones by exploiting the fitness cost of the resistant phenotype. We treated MDA-MB-231/luc triple-negative and MCF7 estrogen receptor-positive (ER(+)) breast cancers growing orthotopically in a mouse mammary fat pad with paclitaxel, using algorithms linked to tumor response monitored by magnetic resonance imaging. We found that initial control required more intensive therapy with regular application of drug to deflect the exponential tumor growth curve onto a plateau. Dose-skipping algorithms during this phase were less successful than variable dosing algorithms. However, once initial tumor control was achieved, it was maintained with progressively smaller drug doses. In 60 to 80% of animals, continued decline in tumor size permitted intervals as long as several weeks in which no treatment was necessary. Magnetic resonance images and histological analysis of tumors controlled by adaptive therapy demonstrated increased vascular density and less necrosis, suggesting that vascular normalization resulting from enforced stabilization of tumor volume may contribute to ongoing tumor control with lower drug doses. Our study demonstrates that an evolution-based therapeutic strategy using an available chemotherapeutic drug and conventional clinical imaging can prolong the progression-free survival in different preclinical models of breast cancer.
PLASMODIUM JUXTANUCLEARE ASSOCIATED WITH MORTALITY IN BLACK-FOOTED PENGUINS (SPHENISCUS DEMERSUS) ADMITTED TO A REHABILITATION CENTER (2003)

Five black-footed penguins (Spheniscus demersus) admitted to the Southern African Foundation for the Conservation of Coastal Birds, in Cape Town, South Africa, died from malaria infection. Evidence for malaria as the cause of death included antemortem clinical signs, parasitemia, splenomegaly, pulmonary edema, and the presence of histologically visible schizonts in the reticuloendothelial system. A portion of the malarial small subunit ribosomal ribonucleic acid gene was detected by polymerase chain reaction from postmortem blood samples from all the birds. A species-specific variable region of this gene was compared with the same region on genes from other known avian malarial organisms, establishing that Plasmodium juxtanucleare was involved.
Growth of Low Dislocation Density GaAs by As Pressure‐Controlled Czochralski Method (1984)

A new growth technique of the low dislocation density crystals is described. The ambient As vapor pressure was controlled through precise control of temperature in a quartz chamber in which a crystal was grown by the Czochralski method. The dislocation density in the undoped crystals (2''φ. <111>) was as low as , which was lower than the case of the commercial LEC method by a factor of ten. The origin of such a pronounced reduction of the dislocation density is discussed by taking into account the effects of the melt stoichiometry and the thermal stress exerted on the grown crystal.
Vitronectin is up-regulated after vascular injury and vitronectin blockade prevents neointima formation (2002)

This study characterizes the VN-ECM interaction in SMC and supports the role of VN in mediating SMC migration and neointimal formation in response to injury.
1837 (2011)

<div class="abstract" data-abstract-type="normal"> <span class='bold'>Josiah Conder (1789–1855)</span> <span class='italic'>The Monthly Prayer-Meeting for Missions</span> COME to the house of prayer. It is the night When, by a compact sweeter than command, Their mutual prayers, throughout this happy land, The scattered family of Christ unite. Nor here alone observed the simple rite, In western climes prolonged, by many a band In busy town, lone wild, or coral strand;— Where&apos;er the Gospel shines, a beacon light. Taught by one Spirit, all their prayers agree. This night, the self-exiled for Christ can dare Dwell on dear friends he ne&apos;er again may see: The thought is balm, that on their hearts they bear His name while blending thus in harmony The vows of faith. Come to the house of prayer. <span class='italic'>The Cross</span> “God was in Christ reconciling the world unto himself.” “Be ye reconciled to God.”—2 Cor. v. 19, 20. MYSTERIOUS ambassage! Be reconciled, Man, to thy Maker: to thy God return, Poor, ruined wanderer, nor thy Saviour spurn, Who woos thy stubborn heart in terms so mild. Yield to his love, and be again a child. Humbly accept what thou couldst never earn. Look to THE CROSS, and there thy guilt discern; And in that fountain wash thy soul defiled. Only believe and love.—Distasteful creed! More harsh than harshest lore of Stoic school, Carthusian penance, or Franciscan rule, To man&apos;s proud heart; and terms that far exceed His reach, until he knows himself a fool, Accepts the boon, and finds it grace indeed. </div>
Supplementary Figure 2 from Clinical Application of Circulating Tumor DNA in the Genetic Analysis of Patients with Advanced GIST (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Correlation between tumor size, Ki-67 and positive rate of ctDNA mutation.&lt;/p&gt;
Increase of cytokinin activity in detached etiolated cotyledons of squash after illumination (1977)

Cytokinins nullified the lag period of the formation of chlorophyll in detached etiolated cotyledons of squash (Cucurbita moschata Duch. var. melonaeformis Makino cv. Tokyo). One hour after illumination, cytokinin activity in detached cotyledons rapidly increased and maintained a certain level for another hour.
Caesium atomic clocks: function, performance and applications (2003)

For more than four decades, caesium atomic clocks have been the backbone in a variety of demanding applications in science and technology. Neither satellite based navigation systems, like the US Global Positioning System, nor the syntonization of telecommunication networks at the presently prescribed levels, would function without them. Recent years have brought major breakthroughs in the development, operation and mutual comparison of frequency standards based on the same hyperfine transition in caesium as used previously, but now incorporating the technique of laser cooling. Several cold-atom fountains have been developed. Mutual agreement to within about one part in 1015 has been demonstrated for two of them operated side by side, and also for two operated simultaneously, in the US and Germany. This paper gives an overview of currently available commercial caesium clocks and primary standards developed in national metrology institutes.