gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Mechanical stability of substrate-bound graphene in contact with aqueous solutions (2015)

We report on the damage caused to mechanically exfoliated monolayer graphene, bound to silicon dioxide substrate, upon contact with liquids. This phenomenon is of significant importance for a wide range of applications where monolayer graphene sheets are used with liquids, especially as an electrode material in electrochemical applications such as energy storage and conversion. Liquid-induced damage to SiO<sub>2</sub>-bound graphene was previously observed with a range of solvents. A recently developed microdroplet system, used for a detailed examination of this behaviour, reveals that fewlayer graphene flakes down to a bi-layer are stable with respect to aqueous electrolyte droplet formation, but the stability of these droplets is significantly reduced on monolayer graphene and irreversible rupture of the underlying graphene flake occurs. This damage, which we attribute to the presence of nanoscale defects and high adhesion between the graphene and the substrate, seems specific to plasma-cleaned SiO<sub>2</sub> substrates and is not observed on flakes transferred to other substrates. Furthermore, the introduction of impurities, in the form of both polymer residues and native impurities between the flake and the SiO<sub>2</sub> substrate, significantly enhance graphene's immunity to external strain as shown by optical microscopy, atomic force microscopy, and Raman spectroscopy.
Anesthesia with Propofol versus Sevoflurane: Does the Longer Neuromuscular Block under Sevoflurane Anesthesia Reduce Laryngeal Injuries? (2013)

Anesthesia can be maintained with propofol or sevoflurane. Volatile anesthetics increase neuromuscular block of muscle relaxants. We tested the hypothesis, that sevoflurane would cause less vocal cord injuries than an intravenous anesthesia with propofol. In this prospective trial, 65 patients were randomized in 2 groups: SEVO group, anesthesia with sevoflurane, and TIVA group, total intravenous anesthesia with propofol. Intubating and extubating conditions were evaluated. Vocal cord injuries were examined by stroboscopy before and 24 and 72 h after surgery; hoarseness and sore throat were assessed up to 72 h after surgery. Hoarseness and sore throat were comparable between both groups (not significant). Similar findings were observed for vocal cord injuries: 9 (SEVO) versus 5 (TIVA) patients; P = 0.36; the overall incidence was 24%. Type of vocal cord injuries: 9 erythema and 5 edema of the vocal folds. Neuromuscular block was significantly longer in the SEVO group compared with the TIVA group: 71 (range: 38-148) min versus 52 (range: 21-74) min; P < 0.001. Five patients (TIVA group) versus 11 patients (SEVO group) needed neostigmine to achieve a TOF ratio of 1.0 (P = 0.14). Under anesthesia with propofol laryngeal injuries were not increased; the risk for residual curarization, however, was lower compared with sevoflurane.
Selective stepwise carborane substitution in B(3,6) positions in Cp*Ir half-sandwich complexes containing a chelating 1,2-dicarba-closo-dodecaborane-1,2-dichalcogenolato ligand (2001)

The 16e complexes IrCp*[E2C2(B10H10)] (E = S 1S or Se 1Se) react with methyl acetylenecarboxylate, MeO2CCCH, at room temperature to give the 18e complexes 2S, 3S and 2Se, 3Se, respectively, as mixtures of isomers, in which the alkyne has been inserted into one of the Ir–chalcogen bonds, Ir-induced B–H activation has taken place, and, after transfer of a carborane hydrogen via the iridium to the alkyne, an Ir–B bond has been formed. Heating of these mixtures at 110 °C in toluene gives again mixtures of isomers as the 16e complexes 4S, 5S and 4Se, 5Se, which differ in the configuration of the olefinic substituent at B(3) and could be separated by chromatography. Treatment of these 16e complexes with MeO2CCCH again produces 18e complexes 6S–9S and 6Se–9Se, respectively, analogous to 2 and 3, but now with an olefinic substituent at one of the boron atoms (B(3) or B(6)). Heating of these complexes at 110 °C in toluene leads selectively to 16e complexes 10S, 11S and 10Se, 11Se, 12Se, in which the carborane is now substituted both in the B(3) and B(6) positions. In the cases of 9S and 9Se, the major product upon heating in boiling toluene is another type of complex (13S and 13Se), in which the two former alkyne units are linked by a C–C bond and only one Ir–C σ bond is left. The complexes 3Se, 4Se, 7S, 11Se and 13Se were characterized by X-ray structural analysis.
Sputtered Au–Ta films with tunable electrical resistivity (2020)

Abstract Gold–tantalum alloy films are attractive for hohlraums used in indirect drive magnetized inertial confinement fusion. A high electrical resistivity of over ∼100 µ Ω cm at cryogenic temperatures is an essential requirement for allowing an externally imposed pulsed magnetic field to soak through a hohlraum and magnetize the fusion fuel. Here, we systematically study properties of Au–Ta alloy films in the entire compositional range from pure Au to pure Ta with thicknesses up to 30 µ m. These films are made by direct current magnetron co-sputtering on planar substrates. Films are characterized by a combination of high-energy ion scattering, x-ray diffraction, electron microscopy, nanoindentation, and electrical transport measurements. Results show that an alloy with ∼80 at.% of Ta forms a metallic glass exhibiting a maximum electrical resistivity of ∼300 µ Ω cm with a weak temperature dependence in the range of 5–400 K. The deposition of a film with ∼80 at.% of Ta onto a sphero-cylindrical substrate for hohlraum fabrication is also demonstrated.
Processing of Small Molecule Databases for Automated Docking (2006)

Virtual screening involves the mining of small molecule databases from various sources. The small molecule databases used in virtual screening are typically processed, from simple 2D representations, to maximize their information content and to optimize them for input to the particular virtual screening technology being used. Processing interprets or adds molecular information related to connectivity, stereochemistry, protonation, tautomers and conformation. For virtual screening with an automated docking protocol, a technique that relies on specific intermolecular atom-atom contacts for ranking molecules, it is expected that the pre-processing protocol can affect the results of the docking experiment. The possible effects of processing on docking results have not been extensively studied, and this topic has only recently emerged as a significant aspect of the docking-based virtual screening process. One recent report highlights significant effects of different processing procedures on docking enrichment, while another outlines a general ligand preparation strategy. Here we survey and comment on recent practice in the field.
Introduction of Pinning Centres in Hish-Temperature Superconducting “Bi2Sr2 CaCu2O8” Ceramics (1995)

Article Introduction of Pinning Centres in Hish-Temperature Superconducting “Bi2Sr2 CaCu2O8” Ceramics was published on August 1, 1995 in the journal International Journal of Materials Research (volume 86, issue 8).
Simulation and Adaptive Sub-Array Packing for an All-Digital Phased-Array Radar (2019)

Increased flexibility afforded by all-digital radar architectures and operational concepts such as MIMO radar can be leveraged with new waveforms and aperture allocation methods to improve radar performance in diverse situations. A phased-array/MIMO continuum of operation is possible through all-digital architectures and further increases the degrees of freedom for adaptive-transmit radar. This paper describes modeling of this flexibility provided by all-digital radar and initiates potential strategies for waveform designs and aperture segmentation for improved performance in dense environments.
Mapping axonal density and average diameter using non-monotonic time-dependent gradient-echo MRI (2017)

White Matter (WM) microstructures, such as axonal density and average diameter, are crucial to the normal function of the Central Nervous System (CNS) as they are closely related with axonal conduction velocities. Conversely, disruptions of these microstructural features may result in severe neurological deficits, suggesting that their noninvasive mapping could be an important step towards diagnosing and following pathophysiology. Whereas diffusion based MRI methods have been proposed to map these features, they typically entail the application of powerful gradients, which are rarely available in the clinic, or extremely long acquisition schemes to extract information from parameter-intensive models. In this study, we suggest that simple and time-efficient multi-gradient-echo (MGE) MRI can be used to extract the axon density from susceptibility-driven non-monotonic decay in the time-dependent signal. We show, both theoretically and with simulations, that a non-monotonic signal decay will occur for multi-compartmental microstructures - such as axons and extra-axonal spaces, which were here used as a simple model for the microstructure - and that, for axons parallel to the main magnetic field, the axonal density can be extracted. We then experimentally demonstrate in ex-vivo rat spinal cords that its different tracts - characterized by different microstructures - can be clearly contrasted using the MGE-derived maps. When the quantitative results are compared against ground-truth histology, they reflect the axonal fraction (though with a bias, as evident from Bland-Altman analysis). As well, the extra-axonal fraction can be estimated. The results suggest that our model is oversimplified, yet at the same time evidencing a potential and usefulness of the approach to map underlying microstructures using a simple and time-efficient MRI sequence. We further show that a simple general-linear-model can predict the average axonal diameters from the four model parameters, and map these average axonal diameters in the spinal cords. While clearly further modelling and theoretical developments are necessary, we conclude that salient WM microstructural features can be extracted from simple, SNR-efficient multi-gradient echo MRI, and that this paves the way towards easier estimation of WM microstructure in vivo.
FireCol: A Collaborative Protection Network for the Detection of Flooding DDoS Attacks (2012)

Distributed denial-of-service (DDoS) attacks remain a major security problem, the mitigation of which is very hard especially when it comes to highly distributed botnet-based attacks. The early discovery of these attacks, although challenging, is necessary to protect end-users as well as the expensive network infrastructure resources. In this paper, we address the problem of DDoS attacks and present the theoretical foundation, architecture, and algorithms of FireCol. The core of FireCol is composed of intrusion prevention systems (IPSs) located at the Internet service providers (ISPs) level. The IPSs form virtual protection rings around the hosts to defend and collaborate by exchanging selected traffic information. The evaluation of FireCol using extensive simulations and a real dataset is presented, showing FireCol effectiveness and low overhead, as well as its support for incremental deployment in real networks.
Van der Waals Epitaxy of Indium Nitride Crystals on Graphitic Structure by RF-MBE (2020)

We have studied van der Waals epitaxy of indium nitride (InN) on graphitic substrates using radio frequency plasma assisted molecular beam epitaxy (RF-MBE) and droplet elimination by radical ion beam (DERI) method. InN nanocrystals smaller than ~ 100 nm were densely grown on the single layer graphene supported on SiO2/Si while larger hexagonal shape nanocrystals larger than 500 nm were obtained on the thick graphite. Our result suggested that both defects on the graphitic substrate and flatness plays important role to limit the crystal size, such that these parameters act on the In droplet coverage at initial growth stage. With inserting aluminum nitride (AlN) buffer layer, the coalescent of these crystals can be improved and highly oriented wurtzite structure becomes dominant. These findings give the new insights for the improvement of the crystal growth of InN thin film.
Analytical Challenges in The Detection of Peptide Hormones For Anti-Doping Purposes (2012)

Although significant progress has been achieved during the past few years with the introduction of new assays and analytical methodologies, the detection and quantification of protein analytes, in particular of peptide hormones, continues to pose analytical challenges for the World Anti-Doping Agency-accredited anti-doping laboratories. In this article, the latest achievements in the application of MS-based methodologies and specific biochemical and immunological assays to detect some of the prohibited substances listed in section S2 of the World Anti-Doping Agency List of Prohibited Substances and Methods are reviewed. In addition, we look towards the future by focusing on some of the most promising analytical approaches under development for the detection of so-called 'biomarkers of doping'.
Experience (2017)

Public administrations are continuously publishing open data, increasing the amount of government open data over time. The published data includes budgets and spending as part of fiscal data; publishing these data is an important part of transparent and accountable governance. However, open fiscal data should also meet open data publication guidelines. When requirements in data guidelines are not met, effective data analysis over published datasets cannot be performed effectively. In this article, we present Open Fiscal Data Publication (OFDP), a framework to assess the quality of open fiscal datasets. We also present an extensive open fiscal data assessment and common data quality issues found; additionally, open fiscal data publishing guidelines are presented. We studied and surveyed main quality factors for open fiscal datasets. Moreover, the collected quality factors have been scored according to the results of a questionnaire to score quality factors within the OFDP assessment framework. We gather and comprehensively analyze a representative set of 77 fiscal datasets from several public administrations across different regions at different levels (e.g., supranational, national, municipality). We characterize quality issues commonly arising in these datasets. Our assessment shows that there are many quality factors in fiscal data publication that still need to be taken care of so that the data can be analyzed effectively. Our proposed guidelines allow for publishing open fiscal data where these quality issues are avoided.
Second-Order Consensus for Multi-Agent Systems by Time-Dependent Topology Switching (2018)

This paper studies the approach of taking network topology as a control variable for the analysis of second-order multi-agent systems. We particularly consider the setting where the local control inputs of individual agents are governed by their relative positions only. Based on the known results in the theory of stability of switched linear systems, we propose a time-dependent topology-switching algorithm that enables the agents to asymptotically achieve consensus. The main advantages of the proposed method, with respect to the prior work, are twofold: we allow the control protocol to work without velocity measurements; and we do not constrain the magnitudes of coupling weights. Simulation results are provided to verify the effectiveness of the algorithm.
Data from Serine Catabolism Regulates Mitochondrial Redox Control during Hypoxia (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;The &lt;i&gt;de novo&lt;/i&gt; synthesis of the nonessential amino acid serine is often upregulated in cancer. In this study, we demonstrate that the serine catabolic enzyme, mitochondrial serine hydroxymethyltransferase (SHMT2), is induced when MYC-transformed cells are subjected to hypoxia. In mitochondria, SHMT2 can initiate the degradation of serine to CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; and NH&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt;, resulting in net production of NADPH from NADP&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt;. Knockdown of SHMT2 in MYC-dependent cells reduced cellular NADPH:NADP&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt; ratio, increased cellular reactive oxygen species, and triggered hypoxia-induced cell death. &lt;i&gt;In vivo&lt;/i&gt;, SHMT2 suppression led to impaired tumor growth. In MYC-amplified neuroblastoma patient samples, there was a significant correlation between SHMT2 and hypoxia-inducible factor-1 α (HIF1α), and SHMT2 expression correlated with unfavorable patient prognosis. Together, these data demonstrate that mitochondrial serine catabolism supports tumor growth by maintaining mitochondrial redox balance and cell survival.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Significance:&lt;/b&gt; In this study, we demonstrate that the mitochondrial enzyme SHMT2 is induced upon hypoxic stress and is critical for maintaining NADPH production and redox balance to support tumor cell survival and growth. &lt;i&gt;Cancer Discov; 4(12); 1406–17. ©2014 AACR&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;See related commentary by Martínez-Reyes and Chandel, p. 1371&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 1355&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
The Chemical Behavior of Low Valence Sulfur Compounds. X. Disproportionation of Thiosulfate, Trithionate, Tetra-thionate and Sulfite under Acidic Conditions (1976)

Abstract The disproportionation of thiosulfate, trithionate, tetrathionate and sulfite in acidic solutions has been studied at relatively high temperatures. Thiosulfate hardly decomposes in the absence of sulfuric acid, even at 150 °C, but decomposes very easily in the presence of sulfuric acid at 70 °C, forming elemental sulfur, tetrathionate and sulfite. Trithionate decomposes to thiosulfate and sulfate at 70 °C, while tetrathionate decomposes only at temperatures above 130 °C after an induction period forming thiosulfate as an intermediate. Sulfite undergoes disproportionation, giving thiosulfate and sulfate at 150 °C, and then elemental sulfur and sulfate accompanied by intermediate formation of tetrathionate. A disproportionation pathway of low valence sulfur oxyacids including thiosulfate, trithionate, tetrathionate and sulfite has been proposed.
Characterization and Identification of Thermoacoustic behaviour of flames anchored on burner decks with multiple perforation; Transfer Function (de)composition approach (2023)

The appearance of thermoacoustic instability in combustion systems depends on thermoacoustic property (e.g., Transfer Function (TF)) of used burner/flame. Therefore, an attractive approach to cope with the instability is the purposeful design of the burner thermo-acoustics. One of the ideas of how the flame TF can be altered/designed is based on the heuristic idea that the acoustic response of one flame can be counteracted by the appropriately phased response of another flame. For the particular case of premixed, burner deck anchored conical flames, the TF depends on the diameter of perforation. It suggests the concept of combining different size and shape of perforations in one burner deck. In the present work, the acoustic response of sintered ceramic fibre burners with mixed perforation is investigated using the TF (de)-composition principle. By this approach, the cumulative flame TF can be represented as a weighted sum of elemental TF's of the groups of flames on the basis of the additive nature of the individual flame heat release rate. The capability of this principal to offer a designing framework for optimization of burner deck patterns aiming desirable acoustic characteristics will be tested by a course of measurements. Possible simplifications and extensions of the TF (de)composition principle will be discussed.
DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS AND THE PROBLEM OF SINGULARITY OF SOLUTIONS IN APPLIED MECHANICS AND MATHEMATICS (2023)

A modified form of differential equations is proposed that describes physical processes studied in applied mathematics and mechanics. It is noted that solutions to classical equations at singular points may undergo discontinuities of the first and second kind, which have no physical nature and are not experimentally observed. When new equations describing physical fields and processes are derived, elements with finite dimensions are considered instead of infinitely small elements of the medium. Thus, classical equations include nonlocal functions averaged over the element volume and are supplemented by the Helmholtz equations establishing a relationship between nonlocal and actual physical variables, which are smooth functions having no singular points. Singular problems of the theory of mathematical physics and the theory of elasticity are considered. The obtained solutions are compared with the experimental results.
High performances III-Nitride Quantum Dot infrared photodetector operating at room temperature (2010)

In this paper we present a novel long wave length infrared quantum dot photodetector. A cubic shaped 6nm GaN quantum dot (QD) within a large 18 nm Al(0.2)Ga(0.8)N QD (capping layer) embedded in Al(0.8)Ga(0.2)N has been considered as the unit cell of the active layer of the device. Single band effective mass approximation has been applied in order to calculate the QD electronic structure. The temperature dependent behavior of the responsivity and dark current were presented and discussed for different applied electric fields. The capping layer has been proposed to improve upon the dark current of the detector. The proposed device has demonstrated exceptionally low dark current, therefore low noise, and high detectivity. Excellent specific detectivity (D*) up to approximately 3 x 10(8)CmHz(1/ 2)/W is achieved at room temperature.
MIDLAND CAREER SERVICES (1991)

As emphasis in career management and development is moving from long‐term career planning controlled by the organisation to individually controlled career development, employees need support from skilled counsellors. Midland Career Services is an inhouse career consultancy set up for the purpose of providing this support. The service, the programmes provided, and the staffing of the consultancy are detailed. The benefits to the organisation, line and personnel management, and the individual are emphasised.
The Novel 5-Lipoxygenase Inhibitor ABT-761 Attenuates Cerebral Vasospasm in a Rabbit Model of Subarachnoid Hemorrhage (2001)

OBJECTIVE: Eicosanoids have been implicated in the pathogenesis of cerebral vasospasm after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH).Leukotrienes, 5-hydroxyperoxyeicosatetraenoic acid, and 5-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid are part of this group of substances, resulting from the 5-lipoxygenase activity on arachidonic acid metabolism.This study examined the effects of ABT-761, a new 5-lipoxygenase inhibitor, on cerebral vasospasm in an in vivo rabbit model of SAH.METHODS: A total of 48 rabbits were assigned to one of six groups: SAH ؉ placebo (n ‫؍‬ 8), SAH ؉ ABT-761 20 mg/kg (n ‫؍‬ 8), SAH ؉ ABT-761 30 mg/kg (n ‫؍‬ 8), control ؉ placebo (n ‫؍‬ 8), control ؉ ABT-761 20 mg/kg (n ‫؍‬ 8), and control ؉ ABT-761 30 mg/kg (n ‫؍‬ 8).Drug administration was initiated 30 minutes after induction of SAH and repeated 24 hours later.The animals were killed 48 hours after SAH, using the perfusion-fixation method.The cross sectional areas of basilar artery histological sections were measured by an investigator blinded to the treatment groups of the individual samples.RESULTS: In placebo-treated animals, the average luminal cross sectional area of the basilar artery was reduced by 68% after SAH as compared with controls (P < 0.0001).After SAH, the vasospastic response was attenuated in animals treated with 20 or 30 mg/kg representing a 28 or 35% reduction, respectively (P ‫؍‬ 0.0011 and P ‫؍‬ 0.0038).CONCLUSION: The results demonstrated that ABT-761 is effective in attenuating experimental cerebral vasospasm, indicating that this new drug represents a potential therapeutic agent for the treatment of vasospasm after SAH.