gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Finding Acoustic Regularities in Speech: Applications to Phonetic Recognition (1988)

Also issued as Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 1988.
Drug Target Validation of the Protein Kinase AEK1, Essential for Proliferation, Host Cell Invasion, and Intracellular Replication of the Human Pathogen Trypanosoma cruzi (2021)

Protein phosphorylation is involved in several key biological roles in the complex life cycle of Trypanosoma cruzi, the etiological agent of Chagas disease, and protein kinases are potential drug targets. Here, we report that the AGC essential kinase 1 (<i>TcAEK1</i>) exhibits a cytosolic localization and a higher level of expression in the replicative stages of the parasite. A CRISPR/Cas9 editing technique was used to generate ATP analog-sensitive <i>TcAEK1</i> gatekeeper residue mutants that were selectively and acutely inhibited by bumped kinase inhibitors (BKIs). Analysis of a single allele deletion cell line (<i>TcAEK1-</i>SKO), and gatekeeper mutants upon treatment with inhibitor, showed that epimastigote forms exhibited a severe defect in cytokinesis. Moreover, we also demonstrated that <i>TcAEK1</i> is essential for epimastigote proliferation, trypomastigote host cell invasion, and amastigote replication. We suggest that <i>TcAEK1</i> is a pleiotropic player involved in cytokinesis regulation in T. cruzi and thus validate <i>TcAEK1</i> as a drug target for further exploration. The gene editing strategy we applied to construct the ATP analog-sensitive enzyme could be appropriate for the study of other proteins of the T. cruzi kinome. <b>IMPORTANCE</b> Chagas disease affects 6 to 7 million people in the Americas, and its treatment has been limited to drugs with relatively high toxicity and low efficacy in the chronic phase of the infection. New validated targets are needed to combat this disease. In this work, we report the chemical and genetic validation of the protein kinase AEK1, which is essential for cytokinesis and infectivity, using a novel gene editing strategy.
An empirical analysis of dropout in piecewise linear networks (2013)

The recently introduced dropout training criterion for neural networks has been the subject of much attention due to its simplicity and remarkable effectiveness as a regularizer, as well as its interpretation as a training procedure for an exponentially large ensemble of networks that share parameters. In this work we empirically investigate several questions related to the efficacy of dropout, specifically as it concerns networks employing the popular rectified linear activation function. We investigate the quality of the test time weight-scaling inference procedure by evaluating the geometric average exactly in small models, as well as compare the performance of the geometric mean to the arithmetic mean more commonly employed by ensemble techniques. We explore the effect of tied weights on the ensemble interpretation by training ensembles of masked networks without tied weights. Finally, we investigate an alternative criterion based on a biased estimator of the maximum likelihood ensemble gradient.
Fine Grained Knowledge Transfer for Personalized Task-oriented Dialogue Systems (2017)

Training a personalized dialogue system requires a lot of data, and the data collected for a single user is usually insufficient. One common practice for this problem is to share training dialogues between different users and train multiple sequence-to-sequence dialogue models together with transfer learning. However, current sequence-to-sequence transfer learning models operate on the entire sentence, which might cause negative transfer if different personal information from different users is mixed up. We propose a personalized decoder model to transfer finer granularity phrase-level knowledge between different users while keeping personal preferences of each user intact. A novel personal control gate is introduced, enabling the personalized decoder to switch between generating personalized phrases and shared phrases. The proposed personalized decoder model can be easily combined with various deep models and can be trained with reinforcement learning. Real-world experimental results demonstrate that the phrase-level personalized decoder improves the BLEU over multiple sentence-level transfer baseline models by as much as 7.5%.
Multimedia adaptation based on semantics from social network users interacting with media (2010)

A key goal of adaptive multimedia delivery is to provide users with content that maximizes their quality of experience. To achieve this goal, adaptive multimedia systems require descriptions of the content and user preference information, moving beyond traditional criteria such as quality of service requirements or perceptual quality based on traditional metrics. Media is increasingly consumed within online social networks and multimedia sharing websites can also add a wealth of metadata. In this paper, mechanisms for gathering semantics that relate to user preferences when interacting with media content in social networks are proposed. Subjective results indicate the proposed mechanisms can successfully provide information about user and social group media preferences that can be used for adapting multimedia for improved user quality of experience.
A supramolecular synthon approach to design amorphous solid dispersions with exceptional physical stability (2019)

A supramolecular synthon approach was exploited to design amorphous solid dispersions (ASDs) of drugs containing an amino aromatic nitrogen moiety and a polyacrylic acid polymer. The interaction between a drug and polymer was confirmed by differential scanning calorimetry, spectroscopy (IR and 15N NMR), and X-ray crystallography. The interaction decreased the molecular mobility, conferred exceptional physical stability and enhanced the drug dissolution.
Internet of Things Framework for Oxygen Saturation Monitoring in COVID-19 Environment (2021)

The pandemic/epidemic of COVID-19 has affected people worldwide. A huge number of lives succumbed to death due to the sudden outbreak of this corona virus infection. The specified symptoms of COVID-19 detection are very common like normal flu; asymptomatic version of COVID-19 has become a critical issue. Therefore, as a precautionary measurement, the oxygen level needs to be monitored by every individual if no other critical condition is found. It is not the only parameter for COVID-19 detection but, as per the suggestions by different medical organizations such as the World Health Organization, it is better to use oximeter to monitor the oxygen level in probable patients as a precaution. People are using the oximeters personally; however, not having any clue or guidance regarding the measurements obtained. Therefore, in this article, we have shown a framework of oxygen level monitoring and severity calculation and probabilistic decision of being a COVID-19 patient. This framework is also able to maintain the privacy of patient information and uses probabilistic classification to measure the severity. Results are measured based on latency of blockchain creation and overall response, throughput, detection, and severity accuracy. The analysis finds the solution efficient and significant in the Internet of Things framework for the present health hazard in our world.
Experiencia de consumo y los niveles de satisfacción de los usuarios de establecimientos de comida rápida en el municipio Libertador del estado Mérida, Venezuela (2017)

Se pretende describir la percepción de los usuarios de establecimientos de comida rápida del municipio Libertador con relación a su satisfacción y experiencia de consumo. Se ha realizado una investigación con un enfoque mixto, aplicando en primer lugar un focus group para indagar en aspectos relacionados con las experiencias gratificantes que se esperan en un establecimiento de este tipo, para posteriormente aplicar un cuestionario a una muestra representativa. S e hallaron cambios en el concepto tradicional de comida rápida, percibiéndose de forma positiva la inclusión de alimentos sanos dentro del menú, asimismo se valoró de forma significativa aspectos como la higiene y limpieza, calidad en la comida, tiempo de espera y la atención cálida y amable por parte del personal de dicho tipo de establecimientos. Se deja abierta la posibilidad de profundizar en los aspectos particulares de la experiencia de consumo en este tipo de establecimientos, así como el plantear un programa general de marketing experiencial.
Production and dielectric properties of lead-free ceramics with the formula [(Na0.5K0.5)1 − x Li x ](Nb1 − y − z Ta y Sb z )O3 (2009)

The influence of past history on the possibility of obtaining high-density ferroelectric ceramics of solid solutions [(Na0.5K0.5)1 − x Li x ](Nb1 − y − z Ta y Sb z )O at x = 0–0.14, y = 0, 0.1, 0.2, and z = 0–0.1 is identified. The dynamics of behavior of materials under a field in the process of polarization is evaluated. The relative dielectric permeability of samples in a wide range of temperatures (20–700°C) and frequencies (25 Hz-1 MHz) of a variable electric field is studied. On the basis of study of dielectric, piezoelectric, and elastic properties of solid solutions, prospective objects for further technological elaboration and modification of chemical composition with the goal of improving the electrophysical parameters are selected.
Efficient and Scalable View Generation from a Single Image using Fully Convolutional Networks (2017)

Single-image-based view generation (SIVG) is important for producing 3D stereoscopic content. Here, handling different spatial resolutions as input and optimizing both reconstruction accuracy and processing speed is desirable. Latest approaches are based on convolutional neural network (CNN), and they generate promising results. However, their use of fully connected layers as well as pre-trained VGG forces a compromise between reconstruction accuracy and processing speed. In addition, this approach is limited to the use of a specific spatial resolution. To remedy these problems, we propose exploiting fully convolutional networks (FCN) for SIVG. We present two FCN architectures for SIVG. The first one is based on combination of an FCN and a view-rendering network called DeepView$_{ren}$. The second one consists of decoupled networks for luminance and chrominance signals, denoted by DeepView$_{dec}$. To train our solutions we present a large dataset of 2M stereoscopic images. Results show that both of our architectures improve accuracy and speed over the state of the art. DeepView$_{ren}$ generates competitive accuracy to the state of the art, however, with the fastest processing speed of all. That is x5 times faster speed and x24 times lower memory consumption compared to the state of the art. DeepView$_{dec}$ has much higher accuracy, but with x2.5 times faster speed and x12 times lower memory consumption. We evaluated our approach with both objective and subjective studies.
Resolving the controversy on the pH sensitivity of diamond surfaces (2007)

Abstract The pH sensitivity of the surface conductivity of H‐terminated diamond has been the subject of great controversy, regarding not only its absolute value but even its sign. In this contribution the effect of the reference electrode on the pH sensitivity is investigated. Thus, the pH response of diamond solution‐gate field effect transistors using Pt and Ag/AgCl reference electrodes has been measured. We demonstrate that the Pt electrode potential is itself pH dependent and over‐ compensates the pH sensitivity of the surface conductivity, which alters significantly the interpretation of the pH sensitivity experiments. If this effect is correctly taken into account the apparent controversy is resolved. The experimental results confirm that the pH sensitivity of the H‐terminated diamond surface conductivity does not follow the prediction of the transfer doping model. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH &amp; Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Effect of Bifidobacterium animalis subsp lactis Supplementation in Preterm Infants: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials (2010)

Evidence regarding the potential beneficial effects of B lactis supplementation in preterm infants is encouraging. Further studies to assess clinically relevant outcomes are needed.
Literature review and recommendations for clinical application of small-bowel capsule endoscopy, based on a panel discussion by international experts (2007)

Corrected by: Literature review and recommendations for clinical application of small-bowel capsule endoscopy, based on a panel discussion by international expertsEndoscopy 2007; 39(12): 1105-1106DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-995377
Development of a miniature objective based on calcium fluoride and zinc sulfide lenses for ultrafast laser microsurgery applications (2021)

Calcium fluoride and zinc sulfide crystals exhibit broad multispectral transparency and are used for a multitude of optical applications. However, they both belong to a soft brittle crystal category and are mechanically challenging to process. Thus, a fabrication protocol using a single-point diamond turning method was developed, which can yield surfaces with optical quality for these materials. By using a diamond turning tool with low waviness (≤100-nm waviness) and by using feed rates of 1 and 0.2 μm / rev, CaF2 and ZnS surfaces with surface roughness of 6 and 5 nm were manufactured, respectively. Design and fabrication of a miniature objective with 0.5 NA are also presented, which was developed for the ultrafast laser microsurgery application. The objective consists of CaF2 and ZnS lenses to withstand the high power from ultra-short laser pulses and to provide a tightly focused beam with 1.23 μm 1 / e2 spot radius for laser ablation. Based on the spot size measurement of the objective, its performance was considered to be near diffraction limited.
Fundamentals of Convective Heat Transfer (2019)

Thermal convection is often encountered by scientists and engineers while designing or analyzing flows involving exchange of energy. Fundamentals of Convective Heat Transfer is a unified text that captures the physical insight into convective heat transfer and&nbsp;thorough, analytical, and numerical treatments. It also focuses on the latest developments in the&nbsp;theory of convective energy and mass transport. Aimed at graduates, senior undergraduates, and engineers involved in research and development activities, the book&nbsp;provides new material on boiling, including nuances of physical processes. In all the derivations, step-by-step and systematic approaches have been followed.
Isopolytungstate Nanocomposite Thermoresponsive Hydrogel for Wastewater Purification (2018)

A novel sunlight sensitive composite as a wastewater purification material is presented. The substitute material is a thermoresponsive hydrogel, and the photocatalyst are uniformly dispersed tungsten trioxide nanoparticles. These nanocomposites confining poly(ethylene oxide)poly(propylene oxide)-poly(ethylene oxide) tri-block copolymer (EPE) molecules have packaged visible light driven isopolytungstate nano-buildings within the pores of copolymer fiber nets. The networks are provided (formed) by N-Isopropyl acrylamide (Nipam) and Acrylamide (AM). In wastewater solution, the Nipam-co-AM hydrogel is utilized to be a switchable and efficient filter for larger sized residue when subjected to temperature variation. By adding isopolytungstate nanoparticles as photocatalyst monomer, the small sized toxic organic materials can be effectively degraded. Such a hydrogel with distinct thermal and sunlight responsive properties can be produced as a functional material for wastewater dye degradation and large sized residue treatment of great significance in environmental friendly applications.
Magnetic Vortex Dynamics Using the Optical Cotton-Mouton Effect (1984)

The first use of linear magnetic birefringence (optical Cotton-Mouton effect) to observe a magnetic resonance is reported. This allows us to make the first direct observation of resonant motion of a ferromagnetic vortex. This vortex is present in an easy-plane garnet film at the intersection of two 90\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{} N\'eel walls. Agreement between the resonant frequencies and our theory confirms a previously proposed equation of vortex motion.
Self-tuning of machine parameters in switched reluctance motor drives (2002)

A novel online identification method to determine the switched reluctance motor (SRM) characteristics for high-performance operation is presented. The machine phase resistance and the parameters of the flux-based SRM model are updated simultaneously so that any dynamic change in the motor characteristics is transparent to the controller. Simulation and experiment demonstrate the validity of the proposed self-tuning algorithm for SRM parameters. The method eliminates the parameter sensitivity making the controller robust for high performance operation.
Sediment Discharge from a Storm-Water Retention Pond (2008)

A small storm-water retention pond is primarily designed to reduce the peak rate of surface runoff. From a water quality standpoint, that same pond may be irregular in shape and trap suspended sediment carried by the surface runoff generated upstream of the site. Considering different pond inlet locations, the writer’s numerical model is used to investigate the change in peak concentration of sediment discharge at the pond outlet. It has been found that the various hydraulic conditions can have a significant impact on sediment discharge. Three different cases are presented to show the flexibility of modeling changes in boundary conditions. The results may help designers evaluate sediment discharge to determine the most effective pond inlet locations.
Realistic Image Degradation with Measured PSF (2018)

Training autonomous vehicles requires lots of driving sequences in all situations[1]. Typically a simulation environment (software-in-the-loop, SiL) accompanies real-world test drives to systematically vary environmental parameters. A missing piece in the optical model of those SiL simulations is the sharpness, given in linear system theory by the point-spread function (PSF) of the optical system. We present a novel numerical model for the PSF of an optical system that can efficiently model both experimental measurements and lens design simulations of the PSF. The numerical basis for this model is a non-linear regression of the PSF with an artificial neural network (ANN). The novelty lies in the portability and the parameterization of this model, which allows to apply this model in basically any conceivable optical simulation scenario, e.g. inserting a measured lens into a computer game to train autonomous vehicles. We present a lens measurement series, yielding a numerical function for the PSF that depends only on the parameters defocus, field and azimuth. By convolving existing images and videos with this PSF model we apply the measured lens as a transfer function, therefore generating an image as if it were seen with the measured lens itself. Applications of this method are in any optical scenario, but we focus on the context of autonomous driving, where quality of the detection algorithms depends directly on the optical quality of the used camera system. With the parameterization of the optical model we present a method to validate the functional and safety limits of camera-based ADAS based on the real, measured lens actually used in the product.
Pharmacokinetics and interspecies scaling of a novel, orally-bioavailable anti-cancer drug, SHetA2 (2018)

SHetA2 is a small molecule drug with promising cancer prevention and therapeutic activity and a high preclinical safety profile. The study objectives were to perform interspecies scaling and pharmacokinetic (PK) modeling of SHetA2 for human PK prediction. The PK data obtained from mice, rats, and dogs after intravenous and oral doses were used for simultaneous fitting to PK models. The disposition of SHetA2 was best described by a two-compartment model. The absorption kinetics was well characterized with a first-order absorption model for mice and rats, and a gastrointestinal transit model for dogs. Oral administration of SHetA2 showed a relatively fast absorption in mice, prolonged absorption (i.e., flip-flop kinetics) toward high doses in rats, and an early peak followed by a secondary peak at high doses in dogs. The oral bioavailability was 17.7-19.5% at 20-60 mg/kg doses in mice, <1.6% at 100-2000 mg/kg in rats, and 11.2% at 100 mg/kg decreasing to 3.45% at 400 mg/kg and 1.11% at 1500 mg/kg in dogs. The disposition parameters were well correlated with the body weight for all species using the allometric equation, which predicted values of CL (17.3 L/h), V1 (36.2 L), V2 (68.5 L) and CLD (15.2 L/h) for a 70-kg human. The oral absorption rate and bioavailability of SHetA2 was highly dependent on species, doses, formulations, and possibly other factors. The limited bioavailability at high doses was taken into consideration for the suggested first-in-human dose, which was much lower than the dose estimated based on toxicology studies. In summary, the present study provided the PK model for SHetA2 that depicted the disposition and absorption kinetics in preclinical species, and computational tools for human PK prediction.
Micro-Undulator FEL Technology (1985)

Abstract : A novel technique for overcoming lower size limitations in the fabrication permanent magnet undulators is described. An analysis of the properties of such millimeter period undulators is presented and some possible low-voltage FELs employing them are discussed. Reprints. (JHD)
Synthesis of Aminopyridines via an Unprecedented Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitution of Cyanopyridines. (2004)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Risk factors for endogenous Klebsiella endophthalmitis in patients with Klebsiella bacteraemia: a case-control study (2008)

Liver abscess and disseminated intravascular coagulation are risk factors for endogenous endophthalmitis in patients with Klebsiella sepsis.
Temperature Dependence of Infrared Dispersion in Ionic Crystals LiF and MgO (1966)

Infrared-reflectivity measurements were made from 200 ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ to 800 ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ at temperatures ranging from 7.5 to 1060\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K for LiF and from 8 to 1950\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K for MgO. The reflection spectra were analyzed by means of a two-resonance damped-oscillator model, and the calculated optical properties are presented. Dielectric dispersion theory is reviewed and it is shown that all the major theories discussed give identical results for the susceptibility when evaluated at the reststrahlen frequency but differ from one another at other frequencies. The damping constant $\ensuremath{\gamma}$ for LiF and MgO in the high-temperature limit ($h{\ensuremath{\nu}}_{1}&lt;\mathrm{kT}$) agrees reasonably well with the formula suggested by Maradudin and Wallis, but discrepancies seem to appear in the low-temperature limit ($h{\ensuremath{\nu}}_{1}&gt;\mathrm{kT}$). The general behavior of the extinction coefficient in the wings of the absorption region is consistent with the notion of continuous absorption produced by multiphonon processes. The shift of the long-wavelength optical-mode frequencies of LiF, MgO, and RbI with temperature is discussed in terms of the volume and other anharmonic effects. The anharmonic part of the frequency shift is found to agree qualitatively with the theory of Maradudin and Fein.