gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Development of a treatment algorithm for actinic keratoses: a European Consensus. (2009)

Actinic keratoses (AKs) are lesions caused by chronic UV radiations that have the potential to progress to invasive SCCs. The prevalence of AK is increasing worldwide, and although there are a variety of treatment modalities, along with a number of published guidelines, there is a lack of advice on treatment recommendations for AK in clinical practice. There are also considerable variations in the care of patients with AK in Europe, and so the Skin Academy (a group of leading experts in the field of dermatology and skin cancer) formed to discuss best practice in the treatment of AK. The result of these discussions is an algorithm designed to assist physicians with their treatment decisions, giving recommendations for both field directed and lesion directed treatment. The new AK Treatment Algorithm described in this paper comprises 5 key, decision making steps, which are simple and allow the flexibility to reflect cultural differences between and within countries. The algorithm also considers factors such as patient profile, medical history, and personal preference (e.g. cosmesis, and pain).This is a novel algorithm that has the capacity to grow and expand as more clinical evidence becomes available. It offers, for the first time, a summary of European best practice recommendations for the treatment of AK.
Value Gradient Learning Approach in Power and Frequency Regulation of Grid-Connected Synchronverters (2020)

In this paper, a neural network adaptive critic design (ACD) method based on value gradient learning (VGL) is used to optimally control a grid-connected synchronverter. The main drawback of the traditional synchronverters is their infeasibility to face non-inductive grids. To be able to implement a synchronverter technique in any impedance angle, a neural network-based adaptive controller is used. The advantage of adaptive dynamic programing is its ability to adjust itself when it faces changes and uncertainties in the power system. The proposed VGL consists of two subnetworks: the critic network and the action network. The action network is trained during the operation, and the critic network can be pretrained offline or can be simultaneously trained with the action network. To compare the effectiveness of the traditional synchronverter to the VGL-based synchronverter, the simulation results are provided.
Image Segmentation Using Active Contours: Calculus of Variations or Shape Gradients? (2003)

We consider the problem of segmenting an image through the minimization of an energy criterion involving region and boundary functionals. We show that one can go from one class to the other by solving Poisson's or Helmholtz's equation with well-chosen boundary conditions. Using this equivalence, we study the case of a large class of region functionals by standard methods of the calculus of variations and derive the corresponding Euler--Lagrange equations. We revisit this problem using the notion of a shape derivative and show that the same equations can be elegantly derived without going through the unnatural step of converting the region integrals into boundary integrals. We also define a larger class of region functionals based on the estimation and comparison to a prototype of the probability density distribution of image features and show how the shape derivative tool allows us to easily compute the corresponding Gâteaux derivatives and Euler--Lagrange equations. Finally we apply this new functional to the problem of regions segmentation in sequences of color images. We briefly describe our numerical scheme and show some experimental results.
Supplemental Table S4 from Tight Junction Protein Claudin-2 Promotes Self-Renewal of Human Colorectal Cancer Stem-like Cells (2023)

&lt;p&gt;This table contains the combined list of genes (Column I) involved in self-renewal processes that were used to analyze potential enrichments for miRNA targets. This list was established using Gene Ontology keywords ('Self-renewal', columns A-B; 'Stem cell', columns C-D) or extracted from prior publications.&lt;/p&gt;
Osmoregulation in halophytic higher plants: a comparative study of soluble carbohydrates, polyols, betaines and free proline. (1982)

Abstract. The levels of soluble carbohydrates, polyols, betaines and free proline have been determined in different organs of sixteen plants collected on coastal salt marshes. Among the carbohydrates, sucrose, fructose and glucose accumulated at quite high levels. Sucrose is particularly abundant in the monocots Juncus maritima, Phragmites communis and Scirpus maritimus. Maltose is quite abundant in Atriplex hastata and rhamnose in Plantago maritima roots. High levels of polyols were detected in Aster tripolium, Juncus maritimus, Plantago maritima and Phragmites communis. According to their capacity to accumulate carbohydrates and (or) nitrogenous solutes, halophytic higher plants can be divided into three main groups: (1) species producing high levels of soluble carbohydrates only, (2) species accumulating both carbohydrates and nitrogenous compounds, (3) species producing more nitrogenous solutes than soluble carbohydrates. The possible functions of these various organic solutes, including a role in equalizing the relative water potentials of cytoplasm and vacuole and to lower the internal potential, are discussed.
Additive Manufacturing of Hot Gas Path Parts and Engine Validation in a Heavy Duty GT (2016)

Additive manufacturing and in particular Selective Laser Melting (SLM) are manufacturing technologies that can become a game changer for the production of future high performance hot gas path parts. SLM radically changes the design process giving unprecedented freedom of design and enabling a step change in part performance. Benefits are manifold, such as reduced cooling air consumption through more efficient cooling schemes, reduced emissions through better mixing in the combustion process and reduced cost through integrated part design. GE is already making use of SLM for its gas turbine components based on sound experience for new part production and reconditioning. The paper focuses on: a) Generic advantages of rapid manufacturing and design considerations for hot gas path parts b) Qualification of processes and additive manufacturing of engine ready parts c) SLM material considerations and properties validation d) Installation and validation in a heavy duty GT Additive Manufacturing (AM) of hot gas path components differs significantly from known process chains. All elements of this novel manufacturing route had to be established and validated. This starts with the selection of the powder alloy used for the SLM production and the determination of essential static and cyclic material properties. SLM specific design features and built-in functionality allow to simplify part assembly and to shortcut manufacturing steps. In addition, the post-SLM machining steps for engine ready parts will be described. As SLM is a novel manufacturing route, complementary quality tools are required to ensure part integrity. Powerful nondestructive methods, like 3D scanning and X-ray computer tomography have been used for that purpose. GE’s engine validation of SLM made parts in a heavy duty GT was done with selected hot gas path components in a rainbow arrangement including turbine blades with SLM tip caps. Although SLM has major differences to conventional manufacturing the various challenges from design to engine ready parts have been successfully mastered. This has been confirmed after the completion of the test campaign in 2015. All disassembled SLM components were found in excellent condition. Subsequent assessments of the SLM parts including metallurgical investigations have confirmed the good part condition.
Lateral Flight Technical Error Estimation Model for Performance Based Navigation (2011)

Flight technical error (FTE) combined with navigation system error (NSE) is the main part of total system error (TSE) in performance based navigation (PBN). The implementation of PBN requires pre-flight prediction and en-route short-term dynamical prediction of the TSE. Once the sum of predicted lateral FTE and NSE is greater than the specified PBN value, the PBN cannot operate. Thus, accurate modeling and thorough analysis of lateral FTE are indispensible. Multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) lateral track control system of a transport aircraft is designed using linear quadratic Gaussian and loop transfer recovery (LQG/LTR) method, and the lateral FTE of a turbulence disturbed approach operation is analyzed. The error estimation mapping function of latera FTE and its bound estimation algorithm are proposed based on singular value theory. According to the forming mechanism of lateral FTE, the algorithm considers environmental turbulence fluctuation disturbance, aircraft dynamics and control system parameters. Real-data-based Monte-Carlo simulation validates the theoretical analysis of FTE. It also shows that FTE is mainly caused by turbulence fluctuation disturbance when automatic flight control system (AFCS) is engaged and would increase with escalating environmental turbulence intensity.
Precision Agriculture Monitoring System Using Green Internet of Things (G-IoT) (2018)

The existing agriculture applications incorporating IoT are helping to increase the productivity of the crops; however, these applications are also introduced some disadvantages, therefore the current researchers are working to defeat these challenges in the futuristic applications by deploying new technologies with no or minimum negative impact on the environment and human health; Green IoT (G-IoT) and green nanotechnology are appear. These technologies are not easy to be used by farmers. So, this research work aims to build a realtime, cost-effective Precision Agriculture Monitoring System with less power consumption, less Green House Gas (GHG) emissions, and a user-friendly interface to help the farmers monitor the parameter variations of their farm (weather, water, soil, pest detection, intrusion detection, fire detection) periodically from anywhere and at any time using their smart-phones. The proposed system will act as a decision support system helps farmers to take the appropriate actions based on the farm parameter's variation; by sending an alert email to the farmer when it is required.
Increasing the Racemase Activity versus Transaminase Activity of a Pyridoxal Enzyme Model by the Attachment of a Rigid Base (1987)

A pyridoxd carrying a 2-pyridylactylate group catalyzes the racemiration of Lalanine.Comparison with related compounds shows that this rigid basic sidearm increases the selectivity forracemization relative to tansamination.Pyridoxal phosphate (1) is an ubiquitous coenzyme involved in many transformations at the a , p and ycarbons of amino acids1 In a prototypic hansamination reaction, pyridoxd phosphate condenses with an amino acid to form the aldimine Schiff base.A basic group within the enzyme catalyzes a 1,3-hydrogen shift to yield the ketimine, which upon hydrolysis gives pyridoxamine phosphate and the corresponding a-keta acid (figure I).Pyridoxamine phosphate can then react with a different a-keto acid, resulting in a net exchange of functionalify between the a-keto acid and an unrelated amino acid.In pyridoxd phosphate dependent racemases a basic group in the enzyme acts to deprotonatc the Schiff base, followed by internal return of the proton to the opposite side of the intermediate (figure 1)22 In this way L-alanine is convened to D-alanine, which is crucial for bacterial cell wall synthesis.The activity and location of the basic groups in racemase enzymes, therefore, is quite distinct from those involved in tansamination reactions.$Dedicated to Gilben Stork on the occasion of his 65h birthday.HO&opoa-H0@opo3-CH3 CH, (1) Figure 1.(a) Enzymatic transamination.(b) Enzymatic racemization.The pyridoxal phosphate shown is actually present as an imine with an enzymatic amino group.Pyridoxd phosphate is also a coenzyme for many other reactions.Serine, for example, can undergo up to five separate reactions involving the ddimine Schiff base, depending on the enzyme involved.The specificity obtained by these enzymes is determined by the correct spatial arrangement of the bond being broken in the substrate, and the catalytic groups within the enzyme.We have shown that a basic goup attached to pyridoxamine can catalyze uansamination reactions by performing the 1,3-proton shift on a ketimine4, and that the chiral placement of such a g ~o u p ~. ~ permits the synthesis of optically active amino acids.We were interested to see whether a different kind of geomemc control of the base psition would let us select for racemase activity in preference to transaminase activity: rigid placement of a basic gmup so that it can reach the a carbon of the amino acid in a pyridoxal Schiff base.Racemization requires simply that the base ~a c h both faces of the SneU-Braunstein intermediate, but rigid placement might prevent the movement toward the pyridoxal ring needed for transamination.
Pheromone Learning for Self-Organizing Agents (2005)

A central issue in distributed systems engineering is enabling agents with only a local view of their environment to take actions that advance global system objectives. One example of this tension is that individual agents may take actions that consume system resources, even when they are not advancing the overall system objectives. Thus, paradoxically, system performance can sometimes improve if individual agents reduce their activity. Agents in such systems need a way to modulate their individual behavior in the light of the system's state, preferably in a way that does not require centralized control. We illustrate the problem of hyperactive agents in three application domains. We describe a simple, decentralized scheme, inspired by insect pheromones, that enables individual agents to adjust their level of activity as the system operates, and extend this mechanism to provide a general approach for dealing with approaching deadlines. Then, we demonstrate the effectiveness of these mechanisms in the example domains.
Synthesis of Size-Tunable Polymer-Protected Gold Nanoparticles by Femtosecond Laser-Based Ablation and Seed Growth (2009)

A femtosecond laser-assisted method has been developed to produce stable, size-tunable (3 to ∼80 nm) and low dispersed gold nanoparticles. The method implies the formation of initial nanosized seeds (<10 nm) by laser ablation from a gold target in aqueous solutions of biopolymers. Those seeds are then irradiated by a femtosecond laser-induced white-light supercontinuum to initiate a controlled growth of larger nanoparticles. The use of biopolymers (chitosan, α,ω-dithiol poly(N-isopropylacrylamide), poly(ethylene glycol), and dextran) of different concentrations enables in situ surface functionalization and size control during the process. We discuss mechanisms of nanoparticle growth and demonstrate an example of their application in biosensing, using a model of nanoparticle aggregation via specific binding of the gold−dextran bioconjugate to concanavalin A.
Nutritional value of wheat and corn distiller’s dried grain with solubles: Digestibility and digestible contents of energy, amino acids and phosphorus, nutrient excretion and growth performance of grower-finisher pigs (2007)

Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the nutritional value of distiller’s dried grains with solubles (DDGS) samples derived from corn, wheat and a wheat/corn blend (4:1). Specifically, the digestibility and digestible contents of energy, amino acids (AA) and P, N and P excretion, and growth performance were determined in grower-finisher pigs. In exp. 1, 12 ileal cannulated barrows (64.6 ± 6.4 kg) had restricted access (2.6 × maintenance) to a wheat-control diet or one of three diets containing 40% DDGS sample of corn, wheat or wheat/corn origin that replaced wheat. For energy, apparent total tract digestibility was highest for wheat (85%; P &lt; 0.05) and did not differ among the DDGS samples (77 to 79%; P &gt; 0.10). Total tract digestible energy (DE) was higher for corn DDGS (4292 kcal kg -1 DM; P &lt; 0.05) than wheat/corn DDGS, wheat DDGS and wheat samples (4038, 4019 and 3807). For lysine, apparent ileal digestibility (AID) was highest for wheat (71%; P &lt; 0.05) and did not differ among DDGS samples (59 to 63%; P &gt; 0.10). The AID lysine content was highest for corn DDGS (0.51% DM; P &lt; 0.05), intermediate for wheat/corn DDGS and wheat DDGS (0.45 and 0.42), and lowest for wheat (0.37%). For P, total tract digestibility was lowest for wheat (15%; P &lt; 0.05) and did not differ among DDGS samples (53 to 56%; P &gt; 0.10). Total N excretion was highest for wheat/corn DDGS and wheat DDGS (55 and 58 g d -1 ; P &lt; 0.05), intermediate for corn DDGS (44) and lowest for wheat (36). Total P excretion did not differ among DDGS (11 g d -1 ) and was lowest for wheat (8; P &lt; 0.05). In exp. 2, 100 pigs (52.0 ± 3.3 kg) were fed a wheat-pea control diet or one of three diets containing 25% of the three DDGS samples (3.375 Mcal DE kg -1 ; 2.50 g SID lysine Mcal -1 DE) for 5 wk. Overall, average daily feed intake (ADFI) and daily gain (ADG) were higher for pigs fed the wheat control diet than the DDGS-containing diets (P &lt; 0.05), but feed efficiency did not differ (P &gt; 0.10). In summary, the digestible nutrient content of wheat DDGS is lower than corn DDGS and higher than wheat. Followin g pre-characterization of digestible nutrient profile, feeding DDGS reduced growth performance indicating that further research is required to improve the nutritional value of DDGS. Key words: Distiller's dried grains with solubles, pig, digestibility, energy, amino acid
Development of drugs for celiac disease: review of endpoints for Phase 2 and 3 trials (2015)

Celiac disease is a lifelong disorder for which there is currently only one known, effective treatment: a gluten-free diet. New treatment approaches have recently emerged; several drugs are in Phase 2 trials and results appear promising; however, discussion around regulatory endpoints is in its infancy. We will briefly discuss the drugs that are under development and then shift our attention to potential trial endpoints, such as patient-reported outcomes, histology, serology, gene expression analysis and other tests. We will outline the differing requirements for proof-of-concept Phase 2 trials and Phase 3 registration trials, with a particular emphasis on current thinking in regulatory agencies. We conclude our paper with recommendations and a glossary of regulatory terms, to enable readers who are less familiar with regulatory language to take maximum advantage of this review.
A New High-Speed Cathode-Ray Oscillograph (1937)

A historical review of advances in the design of highspeed cathode-ray oscillographs and in particular a description of the development, performance, and application of a new type oscillograph is presented in this paper. The new instrument embodies a sealed-glass, high-vacuum, hot-cathode, cathode-ray tube for operation at 15,000 volts.
International Standards in Hemostasis (2013)

Almost all measurements in hemostasis, whether of therapeutic materials or patients’ plasma samples, have to be related to a standard. Following the establishment of International Standards and Reference Materials for heparin in 1942, and thromboplastins in the 1960s, standards have been introduced for almost all clotting factors from the 1970s onwards. This chapter describes the process of establishment of International Standards which is the responsibility of the World Health Organisation, and some of the problems that have arisen in standardisation of hemostasis measurements.
Incorporating Decision Procedures in Implicit Induction (2001)

In this paper we present an approach to integrating reasoning specialists into Cover Set Induction based on Constraint Contextual Rewriting. The approach has been successfully used to incorporate decision procedures into the SPIKE prover. Computer experiments on non-trivial verification problems illustrating the effectiveness of the proposed technique are given. The generality of the approach allows for the integration of Computer Algebra algorithms and techniques into induction theorem provers. To illustrate this, we discuss the integration of Buchberger algorithm into our framework.
Mechanical and EMG responses of the vastus lateralis and changes in biochemical variables to isokinetic exercise in endurance and power athletes (2007)

Twelve endurance athletes and six power athletes performed fatiguing isokinetic knee flexions/extensions. Isokinetic torque was recorded during the exercise. Isometric torque, cortisol and lactate responses, electromyographic (EMG) mean power frequency, average rectified value, and conduction velocity were analysed before and after the isokinetic exercise to determine correlations between electrophysiological variables and mechanical performances and/or blood concentrations of biomarkers in the two groups of athletes. The EMG variables were estimated from signals recorded from the vastus lateralis in both voluntary and electrically elicited isometric contractions. Power athletes recorded higher values than endurance athletes for the following variables: pre-exercise isometric maximal voluntary contraction (MVC), isokinetic MVC, rate of mechanical fatigue during isokinetic contractions, pre - post exercise variations and recovery times of conduction velocity and mean power frequency, and lactate concentrations. Moreover, conduction velocity overshooting was observed in endurance athletes during the recovery phase after exercise. The correlation analyses showed that the higher the rate of mechanical fatigue, the higher the lactate production and the reduction in conduction velocity due to the exercise.
Treeview and Disentangled Representations for Explaining Deep Neural Networks Decisions (2020)

With the advent of highly predictive but opaque deep learning models, it has become more important than ever to understand and explain the predictions of such models. Many popular approaches define interpretability as the inverse of complexity and achieve interpretability at the cost of accuracy. This introduces a risk of producing interpretable but misleading explanations. As humans, we are prone to engage in this kind of behavior. In this paper, we take the view that the complexity of the explanations should correlate with complexity of the decision. We propose to build a Treeview representation of the complex model using disentangled representations, which reveals the iterative rejection of unlikely class labels until the correct association is predicted.