gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Metabolism of 5-fluorouracil to an N-cholyl-2-fluoro-beta-alanine conjugate: previously unrecognized role for bile acids in drug conjugation. (1987)

Recently we demonstrated clinically significant levels of a previously unrecognized metabolite of the anticancer drug 5-fluorouracil (FUra) in bile of cancer patients. In the present study, reanalysis of bile from these patients demonstrated the presence of not one but two previously unrecognized metabolites. The major unrecognized metabolite was purified by reversed-phase HPLC, after which its molecular weight was determined by fast-atom-bombardment mass spectrometry to be 497. The similarity in HPLC retention times and molecular weights of this FUra derivative and the bile acids N-cholylglycine (Mr 465) and N-cholyltaurine (Mr 515), along with the structural similarity of the FUra catabolite 2-fluoro-beta-alanine and the amino acids glycine and taurine, led to the hypothesis that this metabolite could be a conjugate of 2-fluoro-beta-alanine and cholic acid. This hypothesis was tested and confirmed by hydrolyzing the purified metabolite by cholylglycine hydrolase after which: 2-fluoro-beta-alanine was demonstrated by using a sensitive HPLC technique capable of resolving all of the known putative FUra metabolites, and unconjugated cholic acid was identified by both GC and GC-MS. Additionally, chemically synthesized N-cholyl-2-fluoro-beta-alanine was shown to cochromatograph on HPLC and TLC with the purified biliary metabolite. In summary, this study demonstrates a unique, so far as we know, pathway of drug metabolism in man in which an amino acid drug metabolite is conjugated with cholic acid and eliminated into the bile. Furthermore, the finding that 2-fluoro-beta-alanine is conjugated to bile acids may provide some insight into the mechanism of cholestasis that is frequently observed after administration of fluoropyrimidine by hepatic arterial infusion.
Highlights of CICC 2021 [Conference Reports] (2021)

Presents highlights from the CICC 2021 Conference.
MoS2 quantum dots interfaced with hydroscopic polyelectrolyte for water gated devices (2015)

Molecular gating (via electric field from molecule's dipole-moment) is an effective route to dope two dimensional (2D) nanomaterials for specific electronic applications. Here, we show that molybdenum disulphide (MoS2) interfaced with a microfiber of hygroscopic polyelectrolyte can be reversibly doped with water molecules by changing the local humidity. In this work, the p-doping water absorbed by the polymer microfiber reduces the electron density in the n-type MoS2 quantum dots. This change in the carrier concentration (5.24 x 10 11 cm -2 ) is confirmed by electrical measurements. Further, Raman spectra have been analyzed to understand the bonding of molecular groups on MoS2 quantum dots and their self-assembly on the microfiber. The work provides an avenue to explore interfacing 2D quantum dots interfaced with other polymers for specific sensing applications.
<title>Direct sight imaging spectrograph: a unique add-on component brings spectral imaging to industrial applications</title> (1998)

Imaging spectrometry has mainly been a research tool, employing laboratory spectrographs and scientific cameras. This paper describes an add-on imaging spectrography that provides a unique combination of high quality image in a small, rugged, industrial, easy-to-use component. The spectrograph is based on a prism/grating/prism dispersing element which provides straight optical axis, astigmatism free image and polarization independent throughput. A volume holographic transmission grating is used for high efficiency. The tubular optomechanical construction of the spectrography is stable and small, D30 X L110 mm with F/2.8 numerical aperture and 2/3 inch image size. Equipped with C-mounts, the spectrography plugs between lens and area camera, converting the camera to a spectral line imaging system. The spectrograph allows the utilization of rapidly developing monochrome camera techniques, like high speed digital cameras, smart cameras and CMOS sensors, in color and spectral analytical applications. It is the first component available for upgrading existing industrial monochrome vision systems with color/spectral capability without the need to change the basic platform hardware and software. The spectrograph brings the accuracy of spectral colorimetry to industrial vision and overcomes the complex calibration that is needed when an RGB color camera is applied to colorimetric applications. Other applications include NIR imaging, spectral microscopy, multichannel fiberoptics spectroscopy and remote sensing.
Effect of Alginate Additives on the Microstructure and Properties of Phytic Acid-based Conversion Coating on a Steel Surface (2019)

Phytic acid (PA) has a potential use as a coating on metal surface to retard corrosion. However, a loose structure and micro-cracks in the phytic acid coating layer damage the tightness of the coating, providing channels for the infiltration of corrosive media and seriously weakening the protective effect of the coating. Sodium alginate (SA) was added as an accelerating agent to improve the anti-corrosion protective effect and coating densification of the phytic acid coating on a Q235 steel surface. The micro-morphology, elemental composition and elemental chemical state of different samples were observed by the surface analysis technologies of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) equipped with X-ray energy dispersive spectrum (EDS) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), all of which show a dense and homogenous phytic acid film with lower crack was precipitated on the sample treated by PA-SA conversion coating. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) and contact angle measurements were used to evaluate the adhesion properties of the prepared coating and the results showed that the PA-SA coated steel exhibited better wettability and adhesion to the top layers compared to the bare steel and phytic acid coating. The electrochemical measurements show that the corrosion resistance of the conversion coating was markedly improved on the steel substrate treated by phytic acid conversion bath containing SA.
Fecal microbiota transplantation for acute graft-versus-host disease of the gut. (2017)

Advances in microbial analysis have provided new insights into the complex interactions between the host and gut microbiota. An imbalance in the gut microbiota (dysbiosis) is associated with various disorders and their pathogenesis. Furthermore, in allogeneic stem cell transplantation, increasing evidence indicates that the gut microbiota is closely associated with acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) and transplant outcomes, suggesting that its manipulation could be a new treatment strategy for this acute condition. We conducted a feasibility study of fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) for acute GVHD of the gut in four human transplant recipients. No severe adverse events that were obviously attributable to FMT were observed. All patients responded to FMT: three patients showed a complete response and one a partial response. Our results indicate that FMT could be a new treatment option for acute GVHD of the gut. However, the use of FMT in treating acute GVHD is in the initial stages of clinical application. FMT has limitations that need to be addressed, such as safety and determination of the optimal donor screening or the treatment protocol. Further evaluation is thus warranted.
Panel (2014)

In this panel, the panel members will discuss future research trends in mobile augmented reality. In particular, we will focus on the design challenges of mobile augmented reality (MAR) platform e.g. real-time augmented reality that can help vulnerable populations; augmented reality in medical surgery and applications, and use of MAR in education. We will discuss research issues such as security and privacy of wearable devices like Google Glass, integration of multiple mobile applications within the MAR platform.
Nutrition, physical activity and psychological status during lockdown due to covid-19 (2022)

Aim of the present study was to assess physical activity, nutrition and psychological status of the population during lockdown due to covid-19. Online survey was conducted among 534 participants within the age range of 16-78 years using convenient sampling. Participants from varied regions within India and abroad were enrolled for the present study. Volunteered participants were solicited to take part in a survey that has to be carried out by filling an online questionnaire form available to them as a URL link in the invitation through WhatsApp/Messenger. The gathered data has been compiled, coded and cleaned using Microsoft Excel. Analysis has been carried out employing descriptive and inferential statistics in SPSS 17.0. Majority of participants in the studied population showed significant change in their nutrition and physical activity status due to lockdown. Covid-19 lockdown did limit their daily activities. It also had impacted their psychological status. The current investigation accentuates the need to pursue suitable life style for the maintenance of optimum metabolism and physiology. Sticking to more regular timetable of meals, effective management of stress levels and continued physical activity during the quarantine and in all the following phases of living is desirable.
Uncontrolled Hemorrhagic Shock Modeled via Liver Laceration in Mice with Real Time Hemodynamic Monitoring (2017)

Uncontrolled hemorrhage is an important cause of preventable deaths among trauma patients. We have developed a murine model of uncontrolled hemorrhage via a liver laceration that results in consistent blood loss, hemodynamic alterations, and survival. Mice undergo a standardized resection of the left-middle lobe of the liver. They are allowed to bleed without mechanical intervention. Hemostatic agents can be administered as pre-treatment or rescue therapy depending on the interest of the investigator. During the time of hemorrhage, real-time hemodynamic monitoring via a left femoral arterial line is performed. Mice are then sacrificed, blood loss is quantified, blood is collected for further analysis, and organs are harvested for analysis of injury. Experimental design is described to allow for simultaneous testing of multiple animals. Liver hemorrhage as a model of uncontrolled hemorrhage exists in the literature, primarily in rat and porcine models. Some of these models utilize hemodynamic monitoring or quantify blood loss but lack consistency. The present model incorporates quantification of blood loss, real-time hemodynamic monitoring in a murine model that offers the advantage of using transgenic lines and a high-throughput mechanism to further investigate the pathophysiologic mechanisms in uncontrolled hemorrhage.
Strand-level finite element model of stator AC copper losses in the high speed machines (2012)

In high speed machines, the skin and proximity effects cause significant increase of the total copper losses in stator windings at the high frequency. The cause and behavior of the eddy currents are studied at two extreme time moments. The AC copper losses are divided into 3 components with different sources. The dimensions of the conductors must be carefully selected to minimize the stator AC copper losses. The optimal strand thicknesses at 4 different frequencies are investigated. The ratio between AC and DC resistances calculated in finite element (FE) model is compared with the results from the analytical method.
Patient specific mesh generation (2016)

Este trabalho apresenta um estudo sobre segmentação de volumes médicos e uma solução para se obter malhas poligonais de pacientes específicos para uso em simulações de cirurgia. Malhas de pacientes específicos são importantes para planejamento de intervenções cirúrgicas e permitem uma melhor visualização de condições patológicas em um paciente, coisa não obtível em malhas geradas artisticamente. Nós analisamos quais são os fatores complicantes para se obter estas malhas de um paciente específico usando apenas imagens médicas obtidas em exames padrões. Para isso, nós revisamos diversos métodos existentes para segmentação de volumes médicos. Isso nos levou a definir os problemas com as técnicas existentes, e a desenvolver um método que não sofra destes problemas, utilizando pouca interação humana e não tendo dependências de mais dados que não o exame do paciente. Nosso alvo para obter malhas especificas foram órgãos de tecido mole, que são um caso especialmente complicado da área, graças a várias questões relacionadas às imagens médicas e à anatomia humana. Atacamos esse problema aplicando modificações geométricas em malhas especiais, que deformam até atingir a forma dos órgãos que se deseja segmentar. Os resultados mostram que nossa técnica conseguiu obter malhas específicas de pacientes a partir de volumes médicos com qualidade superior a de outros algoritmos de mesma classe. Graças a simplicidade do método desenvolvido, nossos resultados são facilmente implementáveis e reproduzidos.
Improved cylinder air charge estimation for transient air fuel ratio control (2005)

Modern automobile engines require precise regulation of air-fuel ratio (A/F) to attain high catalytic converter efficiency and minimize tailpipe emissions. During engine transients, good A/F control requires, in turn, accurate estimation of the air charge entering the cylinders during each induction event. This paper describes the development and validation of a nonlinear, open-loop air charge estimator. A key feature is the inclusion of the dynamics of the mass air flow meter. The estimator was implemented on a V8 engine in a dynamometer test cell. Experimental results confirm the improved A/F control predicted by simulation. The prototype implementation was accomplished using an automatically generated high-level language control code executing in a dedicated PC and communicating via a shared memory board with the production microprocessor-based controller.
Almost sure source coding theorems for general sources (2002)

For a source /spl mu/, which is assumed to be a probability measure on all strings of infinite length sequence with a finite alphabet, the notion of the almost-sure entropy rate is defined; it is an extension of the Shannon (1948) entropy rate. When both an encoder and a decoder know that a sequence is generated by /spl mu/, the optimal almost sure source coding rate is equal to the almost sure sup entropy rate.
Doppler Sonar and Surface Waves: Range and Resolution (1989)

The performance limitations of an acoustic Doppler sonar system are explored and compared with anticipated requirements for the measurement of surface wave directional/frequency spectra. To obtain measurements to a range D requires a delay Δt between pings long enough for sound to propagate out to D and back: Δt(c/2) ≥ D. This defines a Nyquist frequency, ωN (radiances s−1). Linear dispersion relates this to a “matched wavenumber,” kN = ωN2/ g. Waves travelling obliquely and harmonics of longer waves appearing at ωN all have smaller wavenumbers, k ≤ kN; thus, kN; defines a maximum wavenumber requirement, or (equivalently) a matched range resolution, ΔR. From idealized surface wave spectra, the velocity resolution ΔV required to measure spectra out to (ωN, kN) can be estimated. For a given sonar “tone,” the error-product E = ΔRΔV is a constant, so velocity resolution and range resolution must be traded off. The error product decreases with increasing acoustic frequency f0 and number of tones. Higher frequency sound is also attenuated more rapidly, limiting the maximum range attainable. A practical approach is to define a desired range D, find the highest frequency which can be detected to that range, and then determine the number of tones required to achieve the target velocity and range resolutions. If too many tones are needed, a slight retreat in range resolution yields a relaxation in the velocity requirement as well (because of the steep spectral slope of surface wave spectra). Electronic design and performance is neglected here, on the presumption that the physical limits discussed will eventually be the important ones.
Hybrid relaying and jamming for Physical layer security improvement in two-way relay networks (2013)

Cooperative relaying and jamming are two efficient schemes to improve the Physical-layer security of a wireless transmission in the presence of multiple eavesdroppers. In this paper, we consider their cooperation in the context of AF-based two-way relay. We propose a hybrid cooperative relaying and jamming mechanism to enhance the security of a two-way relay network, where all the intermediate nodes not only adopt distributed beamforming but also jam the eavesdroppers to maximize the sum secrecy rate of the two terminals. We give the closed form solution of jamming weight vector and present the optimal relay beamforming scheme as well as an efficient algorithm to compute the optimal beamforming matrix based on convex optimization techniques. Simulations show that the proposed scheme greatly improves the security of the two-way relay network.
Accuracy of implant placement with a stereolithographic surgical guide. (2003)

Within the limits of this study, implant placement was improved by using a stereolithographic surgical guide.
Direct and Indirect Immunofluorescence as a Diagnostic Adjunct in the Interpretation of Nonneoplastic Medical Lung Disease (2003)

Fresh open lung biopsy material from 57 patients was incubated with fluoresceinated complement and immunoglobulin antisera. An indirect immunofluorescent assay using neonatal lung as substrate was conducted as well. Direct immunofluorescent patterns could be categorized into interalveolar septal capillary deposition, large vessel wall localization, alveolar basement membrane localization, or a pauci-immune immunofluorescence pattern. With respect to the septal capillary pattern, endothelial cell decoration was seen with scleroderma, mixed connective tissue disease, anti-Ro–associated lupus erythematosus, dermatomyositis, humoral allograft rejection, and patients with isolated pulmonary fibrosis in whom autoantibodies were established, including antiphospholipid antibodies. A similar pattern of endothelial cell staining was seen in these cases via the indirect assay. Granular mural septal capillary deposition was seen in the aforesaid settings along with rheumatoid factor–positive rheumatoid arthritis, type II cryofibrinogenemia, and mixed cryoglobulinemia and, in some cases, light microscopically corresponded to a neutrophilic capillaritis. Isolated vascular IgA corresponded with rheumatoid arthritis corresponding to IgA-specific antiendothelial cell antibodies, celiac disease–associated pulmonary hemorrhage, Schönlein-Henoch purpura and with IgA antiphospholipid antibodies. Alveolar wall deposition was seen with anti–glomerular basement membrane disease.
Ressources limitées pour la mobilité : utilisation, réutilisation, garanties. (2004)

Whether it is a cell phone or a web server, an applet or a network packet, any software or hardware system is constrained by limitations on resources. Some have limited access to memory, others to disk or network connections. In particular, it is necessary to control the allocation and deallocation of resources, as well as the respect of protocols, so as to prevent overflows, attacks or misuse. Although this aspect of mobile and communicating systems is crucial, it is currently ignored by most process algebras. In order to address this problem, we have studied the notion of resources and formalized it, in calculi based on site mobility (i.e. Mobile Ambients) or name mobility (i.e. pi-calculus). We thus uncovered mechanisms for allocation and deallocation and methods to permit reuse of resources. Furthermore, we designed type systems to guarantee statically that a system, when executed, will never require more resources than it is allowed to use.
Association of iron rim lesions with brain and cervical cord volume in relapsing multiple sclerosis (2021)

• Multiple sclerosis patients with iron rim lesions had higher EDSS scores, higher brain and spinal cord lesion loads, lower cortical grey matter volumes, and a lower normalised cross-sectional area of the upper cervical spinal cord. • Iron rim lesions are a new lesion descriptor obtained from susceptibility-weighted MRI. Our data suggests that further exploration of this lesion characteristic in regard to a poorer prognosis in multiple sclerosis patients is warranted.
Multimedia surveillance (2006)

Multimedia surveillance relates to the exploitation of multimedia tools for retrieving information from surveillance data, for emerging applications such as video post-analysis for forensic purposes. Searching for all the sequences in which a certain person was present is a typical query that is carried out by means of example images. Unfortunately, surveillance cameras often have low resolution, making retrieval based on appearance difficult. This paper proposes to exploit a two-step retrieval process that merges similarity-based retrieval with multicamera tracking-based retrieval able to create consistent traces of a person from different views and, thus, different resolutions. A mixture model is used to summarize these traces into a single prototype on which retrieval is performed. Experimental results demonstrate the accuracy of the retrieval process also in the case of varying illumination conditions.
Quality and Process Capability (2006)

This chapter contains sections titled: Quality Assurance Sources of Process Variations Special Causes of Coating-Process Variation Stochastic Nature of a Spray Process Arc and Jet Pulsations Powder-Size Distribution Powder Injection Powder Shape Particle Bonding Gun and Component Motion and Positioning Drifting Stability of the Quality Control Process Capability and Stable Process Definition of Process Capability Definition of a Stable Coating Process Operational Window What Process Capability is Required? Additional Factors that Affect the Process Capability Case Study: Achievable Process Capability Part Complexity Mutual Position of the Gun and Component Fixtures Powder Quality Torch Pulsations and Drifting Instability of the Quality-Control Process Surface Preparation and the Part Temperature Conditions of the Powder-Injection System Process Capability Maintenance
Building Tunable Degradation into High-Performance Poly(acrylate) Pressure-Sensitive Adhesives (2023)

Pressure-sensitive adhesives (PSAs) based on poly(acrylate) chemistry are common in a wide variety of applications, but the absence of backbone degradability causes issues with recycling and sustainability. Here, we report a strategy to create degradable poly(acrylate) PSAs using simple, scalable, and functional 1,2-dithiolanes as drop-in replacements for traditional acrylate comonomers. Our key building block is α-lipoic acid, a natural, biocompatible, and commercially available antioxidant found in various consumer supplements. α-Lipoic acid and its derivative ethyl lipoate efficiently copolymerize with <i>n</i>-butyl acrylate under conventional free-radical conditions leading to high-molecular-weight copolymers (<i>M</i><sub>n</sub> > 100 kg mol<sup>-1</sup>) containing a tunable concentration of degradable disulfide bonds along the backbone. The thermal and viscoelastic properties of these materials are practically indistinguishable from nondegradable poly(acrylate) analogues, but a significant reduction in molecular weight is realized upon exposure to reducing agents such as tris (2-carboxyethyl) phosphine (e.g., <i>M</i><sub>n</sub> = 198 kg mol<sup>-1</sup> → 2.6 kg mol<sup>-1</sup>). By virtue of the thiol chain ends produced after disulfide cleavage, degraded oligomers can be further cycled between high and low molecular weights through oxidative repolymerization and reductive degradation. Transforming otherwise persistent poly(acrylates) into recyclable materials using simple and versatile chemistry could play a pivotal role in improving the sustainability of contemporary adhesives.