gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Orthopaedic Surgery Training in North Carolina: The Impact of The Flexner Report and The Sherman Antitrust Act. (2022)

The current medical schools and orthopaedic residency programs in the state of North Carolina have evolved based upon geopolitical, economic events, historical reports and regulations. The American Medical Association Committee on Medical Education, the Flexner Report and the Sherman Antitrust Act and their recommendations were codified by state regulatory agencies and state law. These important pressures created the programs as they are known today. The result was the forced closure of most early medical institutions in the state of North Carolina in the early 1900s. Industrial resource consolidation by monopolies was the motivation for the Sherman antitrust act. Enforced by Theodore Roosevelt, this legislation disbanded major monopolies and encouraged philanthropy. This manuscript details the evolution of modern medical education and highlights the impact of historical social, economic and political events on the development of Duke, Wake Forest, University of North Carolina and Charlotte/ Atrium Health orthopedic programs in North Carolina. (Journal of Surgical Orthopaedic Advances 31(3):139-143, 2022).
Safety and Efficacy of Dulaglutide, a Once Weekly GLP-1 Receptor Agonist, for the Management of Type 2 Diabetes (2014)

A literature search was performed using PubMed and MEDSCAPE to retrieve abstracts and articles pertinent to topics discussed in this review. Original research articles, reviews, and clinical trial manuscripts were identified based on relevance. Only English language articles were considered. Results In 3 phase 3 registration trials in patients with T2D, once-weekly dulaglutide demonstrated superior efficacy at the primary endpoint to metformin as monotherapy, to sitagliptin as add-on to metformin, and to exenatide twice daily as add-on to metformin and pioglitazone. The safety profile of dulaglutide in these trials is similar to currently available glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists, characterized predominantly by gastrointestinal symptoms (ie, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea). Based on these results, once-weekly dulaglutide should be a relevant additional treatment option for the management of T2D.
Stereoscopic Integrated Imaging Goggles for Multimodal Intraoperative Image Guidance (2015)

We have developed novel stereoscopic wearable multimodal intraoperative imaging and display systems entitled Integrated Imaging Goggles for guiding surgeries. The prototype systems offer real time stereoscopic fluorescence imaging and color reflectance imaging capacity, along with in vivo handheld microscopy and ultrasound imaging. With the Integrated Imaging Goggle, both wide-field fluorescence imaging and in vivo microscopy are provided. The real time ultrasound images can also be presented in the goggle display. Furthermore, real time goggle-to-goggle stereoscopic video sharing is demonstrated, which can greatly facilitate telemedicine. In this paper, the prototype systems are described, characterized and tested in surgeries in biological tissues ex vivo. We have found that the system can detect fluorescent targets with as low as 60 nM indocyanine green and can resolve structures down to 0.25 mm with large FOV stereoscopic imaging. The system has successfully guided simulated cancer surgeries in chicken. The Integrated Imaging Goggle is novel in 4 aspects: it is (a) the first wearable stereoscopic wide-field intraoperative fluorescence imaging and display system, (b) the first wearable system offering both large FOV and microscopic imaging simultaneously,
Evaluation of a low-overhead forwarding algorithm for platooning (2015)

In this paper we present a novel message forwarding algorithm, the reachability matrix algorithm, for V2V communication in a platooning scenario. The algorithm uses a communication quality estimate to determine appropriate forwarding candidates. We show that the algorithm achieve a higher reliability in the communication compared to only using broadcast but still keeping the message intensity at a low level. The reachability matrix algorithm can decrease the ratio of missing a data age limit of 0.2 seconds from 18% to 11%, a decrease of 40%, while increasing the message intensity by only 21% compared to only using broadcast. The evaluation has been performed through simulation using input from real-life V2V measurements on heavy duty trucks in a platooning scenario.
The segmentation of cursive handwriting: an approach based on off-line recovery of the motor-temporal information (1999)

This paper presents a segmentation method that partly mimics the cognitive-behavioral process used by human subjects to recover motor-temporal information from the image of a handwritten word. The approach does not exploit any thinning or skeletonization procedure, but rather a different type of information is manipulated concerning the curvature function of the word contour. In this way, it is possible to detect the parts of the image where the original odometric information is lost or ambiguous (such as, for example, at an intersection of the handwritten lines) and interpret them to finally recover a part of the original temporal information. The algorithm scans the word, following the natural course of the line, and attempts to reproduce the same movement as executed by the writer during the generation of the word. It segments the cursive trace where the contour shows the slow-down of the original movement (corresponding to the maximum curvature points of the curve). At the end of the scanning process, a temporal sequence of motor strokes is obtained which plausibly composed the original intended movement.
Transcription Factor YY1 Represses Cell-Free Replication from Human Papillomavirus Origins (1998)

We have established cell-free replication for the human papillomavirus type 18 (HPV-18) origin of replication (ori)-containing DNA by using purified HPV-18 E1 and E2 gene products expressed as fusion proteins in Escherichia coli. The transcription factor YY1 has been shown to regulate RNA transcription by binding to a sequence overlapping the putative E1 protein binding site in the HPV-18 ori. We show that exogenously added YY1 fusion protein inhibited HPV-18 ori replication. Cotransfection of YY1 expression vectors also inhibited transient replication in 293 cells. However, inhibition did not appear to be mediated by binding to its cognate site in the ori as YY1 also inhibited the replication of the HPV-11 ori, which does not have a known or suspected YY1 binding site. Moreover, inhibition was not alleviated by the inclusion of YY1 binding oligonucleotides in the replication reaction mixtures. Rather, we demonstrated a direct interaction between purified fusion E2 protein and fusion YY1 protein by the pull-down assay and a partial restoration of replication activity by an elevated E2 protein concentration. These results suggest that YY1 can inhibit HPV ori replication by interfering with E2 protein functions.
D-factor (2012)

Scheduling multiple jobs onto a platform enhances system utilization by sharing resources. The benefits from higher resource utilization include reduced cost to construct, operate, and maintain a system, which often include energy consumption. Maximizing these benefits, while satisfying performance limits, comes at a price -- resource contention among jobs increases job completion time. In this paper, we analyze slow-downs of jobs due to contention for multiple resources in a system; referred to as dilation factor. We observe that multiple-resource contention creates non-linear dilation factors of jobs. From this observation, we establish a general quantitative model for dilation factors of jobs in multi-resource systems. A job is characterized by a vector-valued loading statistics and dilation factors of a job set are given by a quadratic function of their loading vectors. We demonstrate how to systematically characterize a job, maintain the data structure to calculate the dilation factor (loading matrix), and calculate the dilation factor of each job. We validated the accuracy of the model with multiple processes running on a native Linux server, virtualized servers, and with multiple MapReduce workloads co-scheduled in a cluster. Evaluation with measured data shows that the D-factor model has an error margin of less than 16%. We also show that the model can be integrated with an existing on-line scheduler to minimize the makespan of workloads.
Permanent surface modification of polymeric capillary electrophoresis microchips for protein and peptide analysis (2006)

Because of their surface heterogeneity, proteins readily adsorb on polymeric substrates via various interactions, which adversely affects the performance of polymeric microfluidic devices in electrophoresis-based protein/peptide analysis. Therefore, it is necessary to use surface modification techniques such as dynamic coating or more complicated permanent surface modification, which has broader application and better performance, to render the polymeric microchannels protein-resistant. This manuscript is a review of the surface chemistry of microfluidic devices used for electrophoretic separations of proteins and peptides. The structural complexity of proteins as it relates to adsorption is described, followed by a review of the mechanisms and structural characteristics of protein-resistant surfaces. Permanent surface modification techniques used in grafting protein-resistant materials onto the surfaces of electrophoresis microchannels fabricated from polymer substrates are summarized and successful examples are presented.
Medical information technology: a vehicle for change (1999)

Medicine is under extreme pressure to reinvent itself into a system based on standard metrics that are repeatable and open to outside inspection and criticism. In this milieu, information technology takes a central role in the ongoing evolution of health care, simultaneously empowering clinicians and making them more accountable to the public, the government and their patients. The application of information technology in medicine, such as the development of the electronic medical record, clinical workstations and telemedicine, promises to redefine the practice of medicine.
Prospective Use of Molecular Typing of Mycobacterium tuberculosis by Use of Restriction Fragment--Length Polymorphism in a Public Tuberculosis-Control Program (2002)

We performed a prospective, community-based evaluation of molecular typing of Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates as a method for tuberculosis (TB) control. We performed restriction fragment-length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis of the insertion sequences IS6110 and pTBN12 for isolates recovered from 61 of 62 patients with culture-positive TB in St. Louis during 12 months. Twenty-four (39%) of the 61 patients were infected with an isolate with an RFLP pattern that was shared with >/=1 other isolate, and 11 (46%) also had epidemiologic links with patients in their cluster of cases. One case each of laboratory cross-contamination and occupational transmission were discovered. The patients in clusters were more likely to be younger, black, United States-born, to have substance abuse problems, and to live in poorer areas. A predictive algorithm for molecular identification of clusters had a sensitivity and a specificity of 75%. This study allowed the TB-control program in St. Louis to be redirected toward the affected subpopulations.
The polyphosphates of manganese, cobalt, nickel and copper: Their complex character, composition and behaviour (1955)

Abstract Both the simple and the more complicated soluble salts of anion complexes of pyrophosphate and tripolyphosphate with Mn, Ni, Co and Cu were studied by heterometry (photometric study of suspensions), potentiometry and conductimetry on a comparative basis. The composition of the different insoluble salts and compounds obtained were derived from the shape of the individual heterometric curves. In the case of pyrophosphates, insoluble salts of the composition M II P 2 O 7 (M represents the metal) were obtained with all cations. In particular cases, insoluble salts of the composition Na 2 M II 3 (P 2 O 7 ) 2 were also found. With all cations, the anion complex [M II P 2 O 7 ] 2‐ giving soluble salts was formed. Copper and nickel gave, in addition, soluble salts of the complexes [Cu(P 2 O 7 ) 2 ] −6 , [Cu 2 (P 2 O 7 ) 3 ] 6‐ and [Ni 3 (P 2 O 7 ) 2 ] 2‐ . With tripolyphosphate the following was established: in all cases a soluble salt of the anion complex [M II P 3 O 10 ] 3‐ was found. In addition, soluble salts of the complex [ M II 3 (P 3 O 10 ) 2 ] 4‐ were obtained with nickel and cobalt, and of [M II 5 (P 3 O 10 ) 3 ] 5‐ with copper. In all cases two insoluble compounds of the composition M II 5 (P 3 O 10 ) 2 and NaM II 2 (P 3 O 10 ) were obtained by heterometry. Structural formulae are presented for most of the compounds obtained and the interrelation between them discussed.
The Impact of Tissue Selectivity on the Anti-atherosclerotic Activity of HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitors (1996)

Abstract: The utility of inhibitors of the enzyme HMG-CoA reductase for lowering plasma total and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol is now indisputable. Considerable research is now ongoing to determine whether these inhibitors will possess anti-atherosclerotic activity, either indirectly due to their lipid-regulating properties or due to a direct effect on atherosclerotic and/or restenotic lesion formation. Much of this research is based on the premise that the ability of these inhibitors to block lesion formation and/or induce lesion regression will be dependent on their ability to penetrate into tissues, which may be dependent on their physicochemical properties. Despite the results of pre-clinical animal model research suggesting that the differing abilities of lipophilic and hydrophilic inhibitors to penetrate into tissues results in discernable differences in pharmacology, these differences seem to disappear clinically. This review will discuss ongoing research to differentiate inhibitors based on their ability to directly effect arterial lesions and attempt to explain these results in terms of the physicochemical properties of inhibitors.
Galectin 3 Deficiency Alters Chondrocyte Primary Cilium Formation and Exacerbates Cartilage Destruction via Mitochondrial Apoptosis (2020)

Mechanical overload and aging are the main risk factors of osteoarthritis (OA). Galectin 3 (GAL3) is important in the formation of primary cilia, organelles that are able to sense mechanical stress. The objectives were to evaluate the role of GAL3 in chondrocyte primary cilium formation and in OA in mice. Chondrocyte primary cilium was detected in vitro by confocal microscopy. OA was induced by aging and partial meniscectomy of wild-type (WT) and <i>Gal3</i>-null 129SvEV mice (<i>Gal3<sup>-/-</sup></i>). Primary chondrocytes were isolated from joints of new-born mice. Chondrocyte apoptosis was assessed by Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL), caspase 3 activity and cytochrome c release. Gene expression was assessed by qRT-PCR. GAL3 was localized at the basal body of the chondrocyte primary cilium. Primary cilia of <i>Gal3<sup>-/-</sup></i> chondrocytes were frequently abnormal and misshapen. Deletion of <i>Gal3</i> triggered premature OA during aging and exacerbated joint instability-induced OA. In both aging and surgery-induced OA cartilage, levels of chondrocyte catabolism and hypertrophy markers and apoptosis were more severe in <i>Gal3<sup>-/-</sup></i> than WT samples. In vitro, <i>Gal3</i> knockout favored chondrocyte apoptosis via the mitochondrial pathway. GAL3 is a key regulator of cartilage homeostasis and chondrocyte primary cilium formation in mice. <i>Gal3</i> deletion promotes OA development.
Studies on the antioxidant activity of 5-lipoxygenase inhibitors (1987)

Conference Article| June 01 1987 Studies on the antioxidant activity of 5-lipoxygenase inhibitors VERONICA E. THODY; VERONICA E. THODY 1Beecham Pharmaceuticals - Research Division, Biosciences Research Centre, Yew Tree Bottom Road, Epsom, Surrey KT18 5XQ, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar DEREK R BUCKLE; DEREK R BUCKLE 1Beecham Pharmaceuticals - Research Division, Biosciences Research Centre, Yew Tree Bottom Road, Epsom, Surrey KT18 5XQ, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar KEITH A. FOSTER KEITH A. FOSTER 1Beecham Pharmaceuticals - Research Division, Biosciences Research Centre, Yew Tree Bottom Road, Epsom, Surrey KT18 5XQ, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Biochem Soc Trans (1987) 15 (3): 416–417. https://doi.org/10.1042/bst0150416 Article history Received: November 12 1986 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Cite Icon Cite Get Permissions Citation VERONICA E. THODY, DEREK R BUCKLE, KEITH A. FOSTER; Studies on the antioxidant activity of 5-lipoxygenase inhibitors. Biochem Soc Trans 1 June 1987; 15 (3): 416–417. doi: https://doi.org/10.1042/bst0150416 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll JournalsBiochemical Society Transactions Search Advanced Search This content is only available as a PDF. © 1987 Biochemical Society1987 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
Characterization of fiber wave retarders for interferometric fiber-optic current sensors (2011)

Fiber-optic wave retarders made from a short section of polarization-maintaining (pm) fiber are crucial components of interferometric fiber-optic current sensors for high-voltage substations. Another potential application of such retarders is in chiral spectroscopy, e. g. for the detection of specific molecules. In a fiber optic current sensor, as considered here, the magnetic field of the current introduces a differential optical phase shift between left and right circularly polarized light waves during their round trip through a fiber coil that encloses the current conductor (Faraday-effect). Closed-loop fiber gyroscope technology is used to measure the current-induced optical phase shift.
Ancestral Alleles and Population Origins: Inferences Depend on Mutation Rate (2007)

Previous studies have found that at most human loci, ancestral alleles are "African," in the sense that they reach their highest frequency there. Conventional wisdom holds that this reflects a recent African origin of modern humans. This paper challenges that view by showing that the empirical pattern (of elevated allele frequencies within Africa) is not as pervasive as has been thought. We confirm this African bias in a set of mainly protein-coding loci, but find a smaller bias in Alu insertion polymorphisms, and an even smaller bias in noncoding loci. Thus, the strong bias that was originally observed must reflect some factor that varies among data sets--something other than population history. This factor may be the per-locus mutation rate: the African bias is most pronounced in loci where this rate is high. The distribution of ancestral alleles among populations has been studied using 2 methods. One of these involves comparing the fractions of loci that reach maximal frequency in each population. The other compares the average frequencies of ancestral alleles. The first of these methods reflects history in a manner that depends on the mutation rate. When that rate is high, ancestral alleles at most loci reach their highest frequency in the ancestral population. When that rate is low, the reverse is true. The other method--comparing averages--is unresponsive. Average ancestral allele frequencies are affected neither by mutation rate nor by the history of population size and migration. In the absence of selection and ascertainment bias, they should be the same everywhere. This is true of one data set, but not of 2 others. This also suggests the action of some factor, such as selection or ascertainment bias, that varies among data sets.
An efficient node selection metric for in-network process deployment (2008)

In-network processing is a powerful technique for reducing network traffic in an ad hoc network where network efficiency is a critical issue. When an in-network process collects data from multiple data sources, the node hosting the in-network process should be carefully selected to reduce network tr
Reduction of cancer risk with an oral supplement of selenium. (1997)

The hypothesis that a dietary supplement of selenium (Se) may reduce cancer risk was tested experimentally in humans. Patients with histories of basal/squamous cell carcinomas of the skin were assigned randomly in double-blind fashion to daily oral supplements of either Se-enriched yeast (200 micrograms Se/day), or a low-Se yeast placebo. A total of 1312 patients recruited in 1983-1990 were followed with regular dermatologic examinations through 1993 for a total of 8269 person-years of observation. Skin cancer diagnoses were confirmed histologically. Plasma Se concentration was determined at 6-12 months intervals. All deaths and patient-reported illnesses were recorded; reported cancers were confirmed and documented by consultation with the patient medical care providers. The results indicate that Se did not significantly affect the primary endpoints: incidences of recurrent basal/squamous cell carcinomas of the skin. However, Se-treatment was associated with reductions in several secondary endpoints: total mortality, mortality from all cancers combined, as well as the incidence of all cancers combined, lung cancer, colorectal cancer and prostate cancer. The consistencies of these associations over time, between study clinics and for the leading cancer sites strongly suggests benefits of Se-supplementation for this cohort of patients, supporting the hypothesis that supplemental Se can reduce cancer risk. Although Se did not shown protective effects against non-melanoma skin cancers, the suggested reductions in risks to other frequent cancers demand further evaluation in well controlled clinical intervention trials.
Supplementary Video 4 from Reversing Resistance to Vascular-Disrupting Agents by Blocking Late Mobilization of Circulating Endothelial Progenitor Cells (2023)

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Environmental perturbations lift the degeneracy of the genetic code to regulate protein levels in bacteria (2012)

The genetic code underlying protein synthesis is a canonical example of a degenerate biological system. Degeneracies in physical and biological systems can be lifted by external perturbations, thus allowing degenerate systems to exhibit a wide range of behaviors. Here we show that the degeneracy of the genetic code is lifted by environmental perturbations to regulate protein levels in living cells. By measuring protein synthesis rates from a synthetic reporter library in Escherichia coli, we find that environmental perturbations, such as reduction of cognate amino acid supply, lift the degeneracy of the genetic code by splitting codon families into a hierarchy of robust and sensitive synonymous codons. Rates of protein synthesis associated with robust codons are up to 100-fold higher than those associated with sensitive codons under these conditions. We find that the observed hierarchy between synonymous codons is not determined by usual rules associated with tRNA abundance and codon usage. Rather, competition among tRNA isoacceptors for aminoacylation underlies the robustness of protein synthesis. Remarkably, the hierarchy established using the synthetic library also explains the measured robustness of synthesis for endogenous proteins in E. coli. We further found that the same hierarchy is reflected in the fitness cost of synonymous mutations in amino acid biosynthesis genes and in the transcriptional control of σ-factor genes. Our study suggests that organisms can exploit degeneracy lifting as a general strategy to adapt protein synthesis to their environment.