gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Design of Clinical Trials of Radiation Combined with Antiangiogenic Therapy (2007)

Clinical trials showing longer survival when chemotherapy is combined with antiangiogenic agents (AAs) have led to growing interest in designing combined modality protocols that exploit abnormalities in tumor vasculature. Approved agents include bevacizumab, a recombinant monoclonal antibody that binds to vascular endothelial growth factor, and two small molecule multitargeted tyrosine kinase inhibitors of angiogenesis (SU11248 and BAY-43-9006) that have been approved for therapy of renal cancer. Targeting tumor vasculature has a strong biological rationale in radiation therapy, and preclinical studies consistently show an increase in radiosensitization with combined treatment. Preclinical studies indicate that excessive damage to tumor vasculature can result in radioresistance in some situations, and early clinical data suggest that treatment sequencing may be important when combining AAs with radiation. Radiation itself appears to antagonize any hypoxia that can be induced by long-term administration of AAs. The optimal biological doses of AAs with radiotherapy are unknown, and surrogate markers of efficacy remain to be validated. Early clinical trials should therefore include studies designed to identify mechanisms of interaction and increases in tumor hypoxia. This review highlights preclinical and early clinical data that are relevant for clinical trial design. Optimal radiation planning and delivery is required to minimize the volume of irradiated normal organs and to establish safe dose-volume parameters for phase II-III clinical trials.
Thalamic circuitry and thalamocortical synchrony (2002)

The corticothalamic system has an important role in synchronizing the activities of thalamic and cortical neurons. Numerically, its synapses dominate the inputs to relay cells and to the gamma-amino butyric acid (GABA)ergic cells of the reticular nucleus (RTN). The capacity of relay neurons to operate in different voltage-dependent functional modes determines that the inputs from the cortex have the capacity directly to excite the relay cells, or indirectly to inhibit them via the RTN, serving to synchronize high- or low-frequency oscillatory activity respectively in the thalamocorticothalamic network. Differences in the alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) subunit composition of receptors at synapses formed by branches of the same corticothalamic axon in the RTN and dorsal thalamus are an important element in the capacity of the cortex to synchronize low-frequency oscillations in the network. Interactions of focused corticothalamic axons arising from layer VI cortical cells and diffuse corticothalamic axons arising from layer V cortical cells, with the specifically projecting core relay cells and diffusely projecting matrix cells of the dorsal thalamus, form a substrate for synchronization of widespread populations of cortical and thalamic cells during high-frequency oscillations that underlie discrete conscious events.
Computational approach for predicting the conserved B-cell epitopes of hemagglutinin H7 subtype influenza virus (2016)

An avian-origin influenza H7N9 virus epidemic occurred in China in 2013-2014, in which >422 infected people suffered from pneumonia, respiratory distress syndrome and septic shock. H7N9 viruses belong to the H7 subtype of avian-origin influenza viruses (AIV-H7). Hemagglutinin (HA) is a vital membrane protein of AIV that has an important role in host recognition and infection. The epitopes of HA are significant determinants of the regularity of epidemic and viral mutation and recombination mechanisms. The present study aimed to predict the conserved B-cell epitopes of AIV-H7 HA using a bioinformatics approach, including the three most effective epitope prediction softwares available online: Artificial Neural Network based B-cell Epitope Prediction (ABCpred), B-cell Epitope Prediction (BepiPred) and Linear B-cell Epitope Prediction (LBtope). A total of 24 strains of Euro-Asiatic AIV-H7 that had been associated with a serious poultry pandemic or had infected humans in the past 30 years were selected to identify the conserved regions of HA. Sequences were obtained from the National Center for Biotechnology Information and Global Initiative on Sharing Avian Influenza Data databases. Using a combination of software prediction and sequence comparisons, the conserved epitopes of AIV-H7 were predicted and clarified. A total of five conserved epitopes [amino acids (aa) 37-52, 131-142, 215-234, 465-484 and 487-505] with a suitable length, high antigenicity and minimal variation were predicted and confirmed. Each obtained a score of >0.80 in ABCpred, 60% in LBtope and a level of 0.35 in Bepipred. In addition, a representative amino acid change (glutamine<sup>235</sup>-to-leucine<sup>235</sup>) in the HA protein of the 2013 AIV-H7N9 was discovered. The strategy adopted in the present study may have profound implications on the rapid diagnosis and control of infectious disease caused by H7N9 viruses, as well as by other virulent viruses, such as the Ebola virus.
Tyre model development using co-simulation technique for helicopter ground operation (2014)

This paper describes the development of a new aircraft tyre model applied using a co-simulation approach for the multibody dynamic simulation of helicopter ground vehicle dynamics. The new tyre model is presented using a point follower approach that makes a novel contribution to this area by uniquely combining elements of two existing tyre models used by the aircraft industry, namely the NASA R64 model developed by Smiley and Horne and the Engineering Sciences Data Unit (ESDU) Mitchell tyre model. Before the tyre model was used with a full helicopter model, a virtual tyre test rig was used to examine the tyre and to predict the tyre forces and moments for a range of tyre states. The paper concludes by describing the successful application of the new tyre model with a full helicopter model and the simulation of representative landing, take-off and runway taxiing manoeuvres. The predictive capability of the model is demonstrated to show the open-loop ground vehicle dynamics response of the helicopter and also the ground load predictive capability for the distribution of loads through the tyres, wheels and landing gears.
Bottom penetration at subcritical grazing angles by scattering. (1996)

The physics of sound propagation and scattering is distinctly different between hard and soft ocean bottoms. A hard bottom is defined as having a shear velocity greater than water velocity; a soft bottom has a shear velocity less than water velocity. Geologically hard seafloors consist of igneous rocks such as gabbros and basalts; soft seafloors consist of sediments such as mud and sand. For a soft bottom with sound incident from above, total internal reflection never occurs. For all grazing angles there is always a Snell’s law ray path from compressional energy in the water to shear energy in the bottom. For hard, flat bottoms over homogeneous rock, total internal reflection will occur for grazing angles less than critical. However in this case sound can penetrate the bottom by scattering from surface roughness or volume heterogeneities. Snapshots from time domain modeling by the finite-difference method show that the scattered field consists of wavefronts which are analogous to transmitted compressional and shear body waves. Since the seafloor is rough and laterally heterogeneous over a broad range of length scales, this mechanism could be significant over a broad frequency range. [Work supported by ONR.]
Three-Dimensional Holograms by Rotational Multiplexing of Two-Dimensional Films (1973)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text Nigel D. Haig, "Three-Dimensional Holograms by Rotational Multiplexing of Two-Dimensional Films," Appl. Opt. 12, 419-420 (1973) Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
A phase I dose-finding study of a combination of pegylated liposomal doxorubicin (Doxil), carboplatin and paclitaxel in ovarian cancer (2002)

Standard chemotherapy for advanced epithelial ovarian cancer is a combination of platinum-paclitaxel. One strategy to improve the outcome for patients is to add other agents to standard therapy. Doxil is active in relapsed disease and has a response rate of 25% in platinum-resistant relapsed disease. A dose finding study of doxil-carboplatin-paclitaxel was therefore undertaken in women receiving first-line therapy. Thirty-one women with epithelial ovarian cancer or mixed Mullerian tumours of the ovary were enrolled. The doses of carboplatin, paclitaxel and doxil were as follows: carboplatin AUC 5 and 6; paclitaxel, 135 and 175 mg m(-2); doxil 20, 30, 40 and 50 mg m(-2). Schedules examined included treatment cycles of 21 and 28 days, and an alternating schedule of carboplatin-paclitaxel (q 21) with doxil being administered every other course (q 42). The dose-limiting toxicities were found to be neutropenia, stomatitis and palmar plantar syndrome and the maximum tolerated dose was defined as; carboplatin AUC 5, paclitaxel 175 mg m(-2) and doxil 30 mg m(-2) q 21. Reducing the paclitaxel dose to 135 mg m(-2) did not allow the doxil dose to be increased. Delivering doxil on alternate cycles at doses of 40 and 50 mg m(-2) also resulted in dose-limiting toxicities. The recommended doses for phase II/III trials are carboplatin AUC 6, paclitaxel 175 mg m(-2), doxil 30 mg m(-2) q 28 or carboplatin AUC 5, paclitaxel 175 mg m(-2), doxil 20 mg m(-2) q 21. Grade 3/4 haematologic toxicity was common at the recommended phase II doses but was short lived and not clinically important and non-haematologic toxicities were generally mild and consisted of nausea, paraesthesiae, stomatitis and palmar plantar syndrome.
Formation of Iron Oxide Particles by Reduction with Hydrazine (2011)

Drop by drop: The reduction of iron acetate deposited onto surfaces by hydrazine vapor results in the formation of nanometer-sized particles and was investigated by means of SFM (see picture), TEM and XPS. The uniform size distribution of the formed particles can be explained by a model that involves the conversion of needle-like aggregates into individual particles.
Spatial reorganisation of the somatosensory cortex in a patient with a low-grade glioma (2019)

Multiple authors have speculated that functional plasticity of the neural networks required for speech and motor function may occur in the setting of low-grade brain tumours. Here, we present the case of a 39-year-old right-handed woman found on presentation for intermittent right-hand tingling and twitching to have a low-grade glioma involving the somatosensory cortex on both structural and functional MRI. Intraoperative awake mapping identified gyral dissociation of the somateosensory areas for right arm and leg sensation. These findings demonstrate that brain plasticity may be dramatic in the setting of a low-grade glioma, and emphasise the critical need for careful brain mapping when considering tumour resection in these patients.
Design, Synthesis and Pharmacological Evaluation of Novel Hsp90N‐terminal Inhibitors Without Induction of Heat Shock Response (2019)

Heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) is a potential oncogenic target. However, Hsp90 inhibitors in clinical trial induce heat shock response, resulting in drug resistance and inefficiency. In this study, we designed and synthesized a series of novel triazine derivatives (<b>A1</b>-<b>26</b>, <b>B1</b>-<b>13</b>, <b>C1</b>-<b>23</b>) as Hsp90 inhibitors. Compound <b>A14</b> directly bound to Hsp90 in a different manner from traditional Hsp90 inhibitors, and degraded client proteins, but did not induce the concomitant activation of Hsp72. Importantly, <b>A14</b> exhibited the most potent anti-proliferation ability by inducing autophagy, with the IC<sub>50</sub> values of 0.1 μM and 0.4 μM in A549 and SK-BR-3 cell lines, respectively. The <i>in</i> <i>vivo</i> study demonstrated that <b>A14</b> could induce autophagy and degrade Hsp90 client proteins in tumor tissues, and exhibit anti-tumor activity in A549 lung cancer xenografts. Therefore, the compound <b>A14</b> with potent antitumor activity and unique pharmacological characteristics is a novel Hsp90 inhibitor for developing anticancer agent without heat shock response.
Remote Sensing of Environmental Changes in Cold Regions: Methods, Achievements and Challenges (2019)

Cold regions, including high-latitude and high-altitude landscapes, are experiencing profound environmental changes driven by global warming. With the advance of earth observation technology, remote sensing has become increasingly important for detecting, monitoring, and understanding environmental changes over vast and remote regions. This paper provides an overview of recent achievements, challenges, and opportunities for land remote sensing of cold regions by (a) summarizing the physical principles and methods in remote sensing of selected key variables related to ice, snow, permafrost, water bodies, and vegetation; (b) highlighting recent environmental nonstationarity occurring in the Arctic, Tibetan Plateau, and Antarctica as detected from satellite observations; (c) discussing the limits of available remote sensing data and approaches for regional monitoring; and (d) exploring new opportunities from next-generation satellite missions and emerging methods for accurate, timely, and multi-scale mapping of cold regions.
Pathomechanisms of Autoimmune Based Testicular Inflammation (2020)

Infection and inflammation of the male reproductive tract are relevant causes of infertility. Inflammatory damage occurs in the special immunosuppressive microenvironment of the testis, a hallmark termed testicular immune privilege, which allows tolerance to neo-antigens from developing germ cells appearing at puberty, long after the establishment of systemic immune tolerance. Experimental autoimmune orchitis (EAO) is a well-established rodent model of chronic testicular inflammation and organ specific autoimmunity that offers a valuable <i>in vivo</i> tool to investigate the pathological and molecular mechanisms leading to the breakdown of the testicular immune privilege. The disease is characterized by the infiltration of the interstitium by immune cells (mainly macrophages, dendritic cells, and T cells), formation of autoantibodies against testicular antigens, production of pro-inflammatory mediators such as NO, MCP1, TNFα, IL6, or activins and dysregulation of steroidogenesis with reduced levels of serum testosterone. EAO leads to sloughing of germ cells, atrophic seminiferous tubules and fibrotic remodeling, parameters all found similarly to changes in human biopsies from infertile patients with inflammatory infiltrates. Interestingly, testosterone supplementation during the course of EAO leads to expansion of the regulatory T cell population and inhibition of disease development. Knowledge of EAO pathogenesis aims to contribute to a better understanding of human testicular autoimmune disease as an essential prerequisite for improved diagnosis and treatment.
1P1-K02 Underwater 3D Measurement Using Fisheye Stereo Camera and Projector(3D Measurement/Sensor Fusion) (2013)

Sensing in aquatic environment is important to maintain underwater structures and research aquatic lives and resources. This paper proposes a method for measuring the 3D coordinates and the shape of objects in water using stereo fisheye camera and a projector. By projecting light on an object from a projector, lattice pattern is created on the surface of the object in water. Corresponding grid points are detected on the image of two fisheye cameras, and 3D coordinates are calculated using the principle of triangulation. Experiment results show the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Serological grouping ofTreponema hyodysenteriae (1990)

Two Australian isolates of Treponema hyodysenteriae which did not fit within the current serological grouping system for these bacteria were examined by agarose gel double immunodiffusion tests (AGDP). Isolate Vic1 was serologically unique, and we propose that it becomes the type organism for a new sixth serological group of T. hyodysenteriae (Group F). Isolate Q1 was unusual in that lipopolysaccharide (LPS) extracted from it reacted strongly in AGDP with serum raised against the type organism for serogroup D (A1), and also weakly with serum raised against the type organism for serogroup B (WA1). The nature of this cross-reactivity was examined by using cross-absorbed antisera in AGDP, and by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and Western blot analysis. The pattern of serological cross-reactivity between Q1, A1 and WA1 was complex and was not fully defined, but the isolate Q1 apparently shared low molecular weight 'serogroup' LPS antigens with A1, and shared higher molecular weight LPS antigens with WA1. On this basis Q1 was designated as belonging to serogroup D, although it was recommended that this be qualified as D (B) to indicate the presence of weak cross-reactivity with serogroup B. Such serological cross-reactivity may have significance in relation to the development of immunity to T.hyodysenteriae. Isolate Q1 may be a potentially useful organism for vaccine development because of its ability to induce a good serological response to LPS of treponemes from both serogroups D and B.
A Long Look at MCG-5-23-16 with NuSTAR. I. Relativistic Reflection and Coronal Properties (2017)

Abstract MCG-5-23-16 was targeted in early 2015 with a half mega-second observing campaign using NuSTAR . Here we present the spectral analysis of these data sets along with an earlier observation and study the relativistic reflection and the primary coronal source. The data show strong reflection features in the form of both narrow and broad iron lines plus a Compton reflection hump. A cutoff energy is significantly detected in all exposures. The shape of the reflection spectrum does not change in the two years spanned by the observations, suggesting a stable geometry. A strong positive correlation is found between the cutoff energy and both the hard X-ray flux and spectral index. The measurements imply that the coronal plasma is not at the runaway electron–positron pair limit, and instead contains mostly electrons. The observed variability in the coronal properties is driven by a variable optical depth. A constant heating-to-cooling ratio is measured, implying that there is a feedback mechanism in which a significant fraction of the photons cooling the corona are due to reprocessed hard X-rays.
A bifocal THz reflector antenna for imaging applications (2011)

In this work the design of a bifocal reflector system able to rapidly scan a terahertz beam keeping a quasi-perfect focus in an ellipse placed at one prescribed distance from the antenna is presented. This system can be used for high resolution imaging applications. The proposed system utilizes a Confocal Gregorian geometry where the main reflector and subreflector surfaces have been shaped in order to improve the system scanning capabilities. The results show the better behavior of the system compared with previous approaches to the same problem.
Relaxin is essential for renal vasodilation during pregnancy in conscious rats (2001)

Marked vasodilation in the kidney and other nonreproductive organs is one of the earliest maternal adaptations to occur during pregnancy. Despite the recognition of this extraordinary physiology for over four decades, the gestational hormone responsible has remained elusive. Here we demonstrate a key role for relaxin, a member of the IGF family that is secreted by the corpus luteum in humans and rodents. Using a gravid rodent model, we employ two approaches to eliminate relaxin or its biological activity from the circulation: ovariectomy and administration of neutralizing antibodies. Both abrogate the gestational elevation in renal perfusion and glomerular filtration, as well as preventing the reduction in myogenic reactivity of isolated, small renal arteries. Osmoregulatory changes, another pregnancy adaptation, are also abolished. Our results indicate that relaxin mediates the renal vasodilatory responses to pregnancy and thus may be important for maternal and fetal health. They also raise the likelihood of a role for relaxin in other cardiovascular changes of pregnancy, and they suggest that, like estrogen, relaxin should be considered a regulator of cardiovascular function.
Multiscale Nanoparticle Assembly: From Particulate Precise Manufacturing to Colloidal Processing (2017)

Abstract Nanoparticle assembly and colloidal processing are two techniques with the goal to fabricate materials and devices from preformed particles. While colloidal processing has become an integral part of ceramic processing, nanoparticle assembly is still mainly limited to academic interests. It typically starts with the precise synthesis of building blocks, which are generally not only considerably smaller than those used for colloidal processing, but also better defined in terms of size, shape, and size distribution. Their arrangement into 1D, 2D, and 3D architectures is performed with great accuracy well beyond what is achieved by colloidal processing. At the same time, the final assembly is not sintered such that the intrinsic, nanospecific properties of the initial building blocks are preserved or even lead to collective behavior. However, in contrast to colloidal processing the structures accessible by nanoparticle assembly are often limited to a small length scale. The review presents selected examples of nanoparticle assembly and colloidal processing with the goal to reveal the capabilities of these two techniques to fabricate novel materials from preformed building blocks, and also to demonstrate the immense opportunities that would arise if the two methods could be combined with each other.
The Role of Oxidative Stress in Ocular Disease (2011)

The eye is an organ particularly sensitive to oxidative stress because it is formed by different highly susceptible tissues that play different related roles aimed at preserving the visual function. This sensitivity due to the variety of tissues leads to a large number of extraocular and ocular mechanisms that produce an oxidative imbalance affecting the ocular apparatus. A change in either one or several of these tissues can produce an alteration in the visual function. In addition, the eyes are under a particular risk of oxidative stress due to their high exposure to different extraocular agents, such as oxygen (Cejková et al., Histol Histopatol 23:1477–1483, 2008), the high content of polyunsaturated fatty acids in the retina (Stone et al., Exp Eye Res 28:387–397, 1979), their high exposure to light and environmental contaminants (Novaes et al., Environ Health Perspect, 115:1753–1756, 2007), and their exposure to ultraviolet radiation (Young, Prog Biophys Mol Biol 92:80–85, 2006). Among the ocular processes that generate oxidative imbalance, we can mention inflammatory diseases on the ocular surface, the uveal tract, and the retina, the formation of cataracts in the lens, degenerative diseases in the retina, and glaucoma. The aim of the present work is to discuss the role of oxidative stress in the pathophysiology of diverse ocular disorders that affect the ocular surface, the uveal tract, the lens, and the nervous tissue.
P-15. Safety and Efficacy of a Low-Dose Estrogen Intravaginal Tablet (Vagifem) to Treat Estrogen Deficiency-Derived Atrophic Vaginitis (1998)

Dept. of Obstetrics and Gynecology, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA; Women 's Medical and Diagnostic Center, The Climacteric Clinic, Gainesville, Florida, USA; and Novo Nordisk Pharmaceuticals Inc., Princeton, New Jersey, USA.