gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Coach: A Coarse-to-Fine Approach for Cross-domain Slot Filling (2020)

As an essential task in task-oriented dialog systems, slot filling requires extensive training data in a certain domain. However, such data are not always available. Hence, cross-domain slot filling has naturally arisen to cope with this data scarcity problem. In this paper, we propose a Coarse-to-fine approach (Coach) for cross-domain slot filling. Our model first learns the general pattern of slot entities by detecting whether the tokens are slot entities or not. It then predicts the specific types for the slot entities. In addition, we propose a template regularization approach to improve the adaptation robustness by regularizing the representation of utterances based on utterance templates. Experimental results show that our model significantly outperforms state-of-the-art approaches in slot filling. Furthermore, our model can also be applied to the cross-domain named entity recognition task, and it achieves better adaptation performance than other existing baselines. The code is available at https://github.com/zliucr/coach.
Efficient power combiner for multiplexing multiple sources to single-fiber optical systems (1977)

Efficient combining of optical power from three input optical fibers to a single trunk fiber is demonstrated using fibers of different core/cladding diameters in a biconical taper configuration. The combiners have insertion loss less than 1 dB and optical isolation greater than −50 dB.
Soliton dynamics in Bose-Einstein condensates (2005)

Summary form only given. Bose-Einstein condensates (BEC) of weakly interacting gases allow for the new regime of nonlinear atom optics. Of special interest are macroscopically excited states like dark solitons or vortices. Solitons, as particle like excitations of matter wave fields, provide a link from condensate physics to fluid mechanics, nonlinear optics and fundamental particle physics. Dark solitons in matter waves are characterized by a local density minimum and, a steep phase gradient of the wavefunction at the position of the minimum. We report on experimental and theoretical investigation of dark solitons in BECs of /sup 87/Rb which are produced by the method of phase imprinting. A highly anisotropic confining potential allows us to be close to the (quasi) 1D situation where dark solitons are expected to be dynamically stable. By monitoring the evolution of the density profile we observe the evolution of density minima travelling at a smaller velocity than the speed of sound. By comparison to analytical and numerical solutions of the 3D Gross-Pitaevskii equation for our experimental conditions we identify these density minima to be moving dark solitons. We have studied in detail the creation and the dynamics of dark solitons as a function of evolution time and imprinted phase.
Nasal administration of anti-CD3 monoclonal antibody modulates effector CD8+ T cell function and induces a regulatory response in T cells in human subjects (2022)

These findings demonstrate that nasal Foralumab is safe and immunologically active in humans and presents a new avenue for the treatment of autoimmune and CNS diseases.
Human liver sinusoidal endothelial cells promote intracellular crawling of lymphocytes during recruitment (2016)

Lymphocyte migration is facilitated by the unique structure of HSECs. Intracellular crawling may contribute to optimal lymphocyte positioning in liver tissue during chronic hepatitis. (Hepatology 2017;65:294-309).
X-ray and UV-Vis-NIR absorption spectroscopy studies of the Cu(I) and Cu(II) coordination environments in mixed alkali-lime-silicate glasses (2019)

The local structures of Cu(I) and Cu(II) in (20-x)Na2O-xK2O-10CaO-70SiO2 glasses with a copper content of 0.4 mol% have been investigated by Cu K-edge extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) and X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES). Complementary data for Cu(II) was derived using UV–Vis-NIR spectroscopy. Indication for mainly linear two-fold coordination of the Cu+ ion was found by both EXAFS and XANES, but other coordination between Cu+ and O2– cannot be excluded. The Cu(I)O bond lengths were found to be 1.79–1.83 ± 0.02 Å. EXAFS results showed that Cu(II) was mostly present in a Jahn-Teller distorted environment with oxygen, an octahedron with four shorter Cu(II)O bonds and two longer in axial position. The equatorial bond lengths were found to be 1.89–1.91 ± 0.02 Å and the axial 2.20–2.24 ± 0.02 Å with no effect of the Jahn-Teller distortion of the octahedron when the glass composition was altered.
In VitroRelease Kinetics of Antituberculosis Drugs from Nanoparticles Assessed Using a Modified Dissolution Apparatus (2013)

The aim of this study was to assess the in vitro release kinetics of antituberculosis drug-loaded nanoparticles (NPs) using a "modified" cylindrical apparatus fitted with a regenerated cellulose membrane attached to a standard dissolution apparatus (modifiedcylinder method). The model drugs that were used were rifampicin (RIF) and moxifloxacin hydrochloride (MX). Gelatin and polybutyl cyanoacrylate (PBCA) NPs were evaluated as the nanocarriers, respectively. The dissolution and release kinetics of the drugs from loaded NPs were studied in different media using the modified cylinder method and dialysis bag technique was used as the control technique. The results showed that use of the modified cylinder method resulted in different release profiles associated with unique release mechanisms for the nanocarrier systems investigated. The modified cylinder method also permitted discrimination between forced and normal in vitro release of the model drugs from gelatin NPs in the presence or absence of enzymatic degradation. The use of dialysis bag technique resulted in an inability to differentiate between the mechanisms of drug release from the NPs in these cases. This approach offers an effective tool to investigate in vitro release of RIF and MX from NPs, which further indicate that this technique can be used for performance testing of nanosized carrier systems.
Musculoskeletal modeling as an ergonomic design method (2003)

This paper describes how computer modeling of the musculoskeletal system can be used for ergonomic design of products and workplaces. The AnyBody Modeling System is introduced, and its underlying methods are explained. Two examples, the analysis of forces in a model of a seated human, and the design of the handle of a hand saw, demonstrate the methodology. It is concluded that musculoskeletal modeling has the potential to revolutionize the field of ergonomic design.
Mechanical Sensing for Reformer Internal Diameter Data Capturing (2011)

Reformer tubes are commonly used in process industry. They are high cost components. The service life of reformer tubes is primarily determined by creep damage. To successfully manage the reformer tubes requires balancing creep life against the production gains of higher temperatures. The key to this requires an ongoing knowledge of the condition of the tubes. Monitoring the diametrical change of the tubes caused by creep damage is one of the most popular methods used in industry. However, the available reformer tube diametrical checking systems are very expensive. This paper presents a novel mechanical sensing unit for reformer tube diametrical measuring. The system is low cost and meets the industrial company specified requirements. Test and field trials made on the prototype gave a very encouraging result. With further study, it is expected that a robust and cost effective reformer tube diametric measuring system can be developed.
Toward the development of machine (1974)

One of the reasons for developing high level languages has been the desire for program portability from one type of machine to another. To achieve the high degree of machine independence necessary for program portability, these languages have included general features such as arithmetic expressions, arrays, and subroutine calls which can be implemented on many machines. Facilities such as the interrupt mechanism, program status word, and device dependent input/output which are available to the assembly language programmer are hidden from the high level programmer. Unfortunately, the code generated by compilers for these high level languages is often very inefficient compared to that produced by experienced assembly language programmers. However, the added expressiveness and the ability to leave details to the compiler usually offset the inefficiency of generated code, particularly for non-systems applications. For such applications, the facilities which the high level programmer cannot use are not needed anyway.
Regulation of Freezing Tolerance and Flowering in Temperate Cereals: The VRN-1 Connection (2010)

In winter wheat (Triticum spp.) and barley (Hordeum vulgare) varieties, long exposures to nonfreezing cold temperatures accelerate flowering time (vernalization) and improve freezing tolerance (cold acclimation). However, when plants initiate their reproductive development, freezing tolerance decreases, suggesting a connection between the two processes. To better understand this connection, we used two diploid wheat (Triticum monococcum) mutants, maintained vegetative phase (mvp), that carry deletions encompassing VRN-1, the major vernalization gene in temperate cereals. Homozygous mvp/mvp plants never flower, whereas plants carrying at least one functional VRN-1 copy (Mvp/-) exhibit normal flowering and high transcript levels of VRN-1 under long days. The Mvp/- plants showed reduced freezing tolerance and reduced transcript levels of several cold-induced C-REPEAT BINDING FACTOR transcription factors and COLD REGULATED genes (COR) relative to the mvp/mvp plants. Diploid wheat accessions with mutations in the VRN-1 promoter, resulting in high transcript levels under both long and short days, showed a significant down-regulation of COR14b under long days but not under short days. Taken together, these studies suggest that VRN-1 is required for the initiation of the regulatory cascade that down-regulates the cold acclimation pathway but that additional genes regulated by long days are required for the down-regulation of the COR genes. In addition, our results show that allelic variation in VRN-1 is sufficient to determine differences in freezing tolerance, suggesting that quantitative trait loci for freezing tolerance previously mapped on this chromosome region are likely a pleiotropic effect of VRN-1 rather than the effect of a separate closely linked locus (FROST RESISTANCE-1), as proposed in early freezing tolerance studies.
A Unique Multi- and Interdisciplinary Cardiology-Renal-Endocrine Clinic: A Description and Assessment of Outcomes (2022)

A multi- and interdisciplinary clinic is a feasible and potentially effective way to improve evidence-based and patient-centered care for patients with diabetes, kidney, and cardiovascular disease.
An Experimental Study on Friction and Wear of Polyethylene with Rice-Husk (2017)

As global policy has devoted much effort to promoting energy conservation and carbon reduction over the past few decades, low energy consumption and less pollution have become the future trends. Moreover, with natural resources gradually turning deficient gradually, it is very important for Taiwan to further establish key technologies from reprocessed natural resources as soon as possible. The special geographical features of East Asia have always displayed a large amount of rice husk, and therefore this paper investigates the green technology of thermoplastic polymerization with rice husk. This paper clarifies the adhesive wear and tribological properties to evaluate the anti-slip performance of the reprocessed natural resources step by step and uses a self-developed reciprocating friction tester with measurement systems. To monitor the tribological behaviors between the interfaces, the responses of friction coefficient are recorded during the friction processes. After each test, wear loss is measured by an accuracy balance and OM is utilized to observe the worn surface. Therefore, the anti-slip performance of the reprocessed natural resources can be evaluated and a better agricultural economy can thus be obtained.
Navigation antenna performance degradation caused by plasma sheath (2013)

A plasma sheath generated around a hypersonic vehicle can be a serious obstacle to fixed-frequency communications, especially navigation systems. This paper studies the effects of a plasma sheath on a Beidou navigation circular microstrip patch antenna. The dynamic stratified medium model method, which is based on the gradient of electron density profile curve, is employed to model the nonuniform plasma sheath. Using the algorithm calculation of the time-domain finite integration, the navigation antenna radiation pattern property is obtained, along with the changes in the reflection coefficient and input impedance properties. Results show that antenna pattern distortion, resonant frequency shift, and impedance mismatch caused by plasma are proportional to the electron density. The process of reentry blackout is also reproduced from the perspective of the antenna performance degradation. The inductor L and capacitor C (LC tuning circuit) impedance mismatch compensation scheme proposed is demonstrated to be effective and it can decrease return loss by 19.4 dB under the most serious plasma environment, thus reducing signal reflection and enhancing navigation system performance.
Referee whistles Part I—Permissible exposures indoors (2019)

Sound from referee whistles at sporting events is usually relatively short in duration (&amp;lt;250 ms) but generated at relatively high levels (&amp;gt;110 dB SPL). Damage risk criteria (DRC) that categorize potentially harmful sounds are usually meant for either continuous or impulsive noise. These types of whistle sounds are better categorized as impulsive. Measurements were taken of a trained referee using a sample of commercially available whistles in a controlled environment. One microphone was placed at the ear of the referee, and another was placed 1 m in front of the referee. Whistle signals were analyzed with a maximum duration of 450 ms, which would be typical of a sporting event. DRC for these impulsive sounds have been investigated using DRC of A-weighted 8-h energy (LeqA8), and the warned and unwarned conditions of the AHAAH model. Depending on the risk model used, the numbers of permissible exposures was as low as zero and extended above.
Data from Personalized Preclinical Trials in BRAF Inhibitor–Resistant Patient-Derived Xenograft Models Identify Second-Line Combination Therapies (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Purpose:&lt;/b&gt; To test second-line personalized medicine combination therapies, based on genomic and proteomic data, in patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Experimental Design:&lt;/b&gt; We established 12 PDXs from BRAF inhibitor–progressed melanoma patients. Following expansion, PDXs were analyzed using targeted sequencing and reverse-phase protein arrays. By using multi-arm preclinical trial designs, we identified efficacious precision medicine approaches.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Results:&lt;/b&gt; We identified alterations previously described as drivers of resistance: NRAS mutations in 3 PDXs, MAP2K1 (MEK1) mutations in 2, BRAF amplification in 4, and aberrant PTEN in 7. At the protein level, re-activation of phospho-MAPK predominated, with parallel activation of PI3K in a subset. Second-line efficacy of the pan-PI3K inhibitor BKM120 with either BRAF (encorafenib)/MEK (binimetinib) inhibitor combination or the ERK inhibitor VX-11e was confirmed &lt;i&gt;in vivo&lt;/i&gt;. Amplification of MET was observed in 3 PDX models, a higher frequency than expected and a possible novel mechanism of resistance. Importantly, MET amplification alone did not predict sensitivity to the MET inhibitor capmatinib. In contrast, capmatinib as single agent resulted in significant but transient tumor regression in a PDX with resistance to BRAF/MEK combination therapy and high pMET. The triple combination capmatinib/encorafenib/binimetinib resulted in complete and sustained tumor regression in all animals.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Conclusions:&lt;/b&gt; Genomic and proteomic data integration identifies dual-core pathway inhibition as well as MET as combinatorial targets. These studies provide evidence for biomarker development to appropriately select personalized therapies of patients and avoid treatment failures. &lt;i&gt;Clin Cancer Res; 22(7); 1592–602. ©2015 AACR&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;i&gt;See related commentary by Hartsough and Aplin, p. 1550&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
End-to-End Learning of Deformable Mixture of Parts and Deep Convolutional Neural Networks for Human Pose Estimation (2016)

Recently, Deep Convolutional Neural Networks (DCNNs) have been applied to the task of human pose estimation, and have shown its potential of learning better feature representations and capturing contextual relationships. However, it is difficult to incorporate domain prior knowledge such as geometric relationships among body parts into DCNNs. In addition, training DCNN-based body part detectors without consideration of global body joint consistency introduces ambiguities, which increases the complexity of training. In this paper, we propose a novel end-to-end framework for human pose estimation that combines DCNNs with the expressive deformable mixture of parts. We explicitly incorporate domain prior knowledge into the framework, which greatly regularizes the learning process and enables the flexibility of our framework for loopy models or tree-structured models. The effectiveness of jointly learning a DCNN with a deformable mixture of parts model is evaluated through intensive experiments on several widely used benchmarks. The proposed approach significantly improves the performance compared with state-of-the-art approaches, especially on benchmarks with challenging articulations.
Efficient Deadline-Based QoS Algorithms for High-Performance Networks (2008)

Quality of service (QoS) is becoming an attractive feature for high-performance networks and parallel machines because, in those environments, there are different traffic types, each one having its own requirements. In that sense, deadline-based algorithms can provide powerful QoS provision. However, the cost associated with keeping ordered lists of packets makes these algorithms impractical for high-performance networks. In this paper, we explore how to efficiently adapt the Earliest Deadline First family of algorithms to high-speed network environments. The results show excellent performance using just two virtual channels, FIFO queues, and a cost feasible with today's technology.
Identification and characterization of a novel and functionally distinct human memory CD4+CD25INTFOXP3- population (152.30) (2011)

Abstract Surface expression of the IL-2 receptor α-chain (CD25) has been used as a marker to discriminate between CD4+CD25HiFOXP3+ Tregs and resting CD4+CD25-FOXP3- non-Tregs. However, using a new monoclonal antibody we have revealed a novel human CD4+CD25INTFOXP3- T-cell population that expresses intermediate levels of CD25 and constitutes ~ 40% of resting human CD4+ T cells, the majority of which are memory cells. Further analysis revealed that the CD25NEG and CD25INT memory populations are stable populations composed of distinct memory subsets. The CD25NEG population contains the vast majority of late differentiated EOMES+CD28-GranzymeB+ memory cells that are expanded in Lupus patients and respond to antigens associated with chronic immune responses (CMV). In contrast, the CD25INT population contains memory cells that primarily respond to antigens associated with recall antigen responses (FLU) and produce a wider array of cytokines (IL-17, IL-10, IL-5, IL-9). We also found that compared to the CD25NEG and Treg memory populations, the CD25INT population is differentially affected by rhIL-2 in vitro and in vivo when cancer patients are treated with IL-2-specific immunotherapy. Collectively, these results show that in humans a larger proportion of CD4+ T cells express the high affinity IL-2 receptor than originally thought and that expression of CD25 may be used as a surface marker to discriminate functionally distinct memory populations that are uniquely affected by IL-2.
A second trans-spliced RNA leader sequence in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. (1989)

In the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, the 22-nucleotide RNA sequence called the spliced leader (SL) is trans-spliced from the 100-nucleotide-long SL RNA to some mRNAs. We have identified a trans-spliced leader (SL2) whose sequence differs from that of the original spliced leader (SL1), although both are 22 nucleotides long. By primer-extension sequencing, SL2 but not SL1 was shown to be present at the 5' end of the mRNA encoded by one of the four glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase genes. The other three glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase genes encode mRNAs that have the SL1 but not the SL2 sequence at their 5' ends. Therefore, the trans-splicing process can discriminate the transfer of SL1 from that of SL2 in a gene-specific manner.
Surfaces with periodic nano-features: physical properties and biocompatibility (2006)

The behaviour of animal cells in vitro is affected by both the chemistry and the shape of the surface (“topography”) to which they adhere. Culturing animal cells on nanopatterns of different shape, dimensions and chemistry considerably modifies cell attachment, spreading, proliferation, migration and gene expression. This work was primarily aimed at elucidating the influence of nanopatterning on some physical properties of the substrate. The contact angle of water on nanopatterned silicon was measured, and the predicted DLVO (Derjaguin-Landau-Verweey-Overbeek) interaction between a nanopatterned silica plate and a microsphere was calculated. After the physical measurements, the silicon nanopatterns were replicated into a biocompatible polymer, and further experimental investigations of the response of biological cells to nano-pillared samples were carried out. Finally, in the last chapter a flow system was designed, in order to determine the influence of a nano-pitted interface on the initial adhesion of cells subjected to hydrodynamic forces. Surface texture has a great influence on both the wetting and the interfacial properties of the substrate. In this thesis, I show that the contact angles on nano-topographies are linked to the geometry and chemistry of the pattern by defined analytical rules. Contact angle measurements also proved that air-trapping can happen at a nanopatterned biomaterial surface. On the other hand, a SEI (Surface Element Integration) study predicts that the adhesion of a microsphere onto a plate should be strongly favoured by nanopatterned regular protrusions, and that the shape of the protrusions is a determining factor in this process. My results on cell behaviour confirm previous observations that some particular nano-patterns can inhibit the proliferation of fibroblasts in vitro. It is also shown how cell-specific this response can be, and possible explanations for this behaviour, including air-trapping at the interface, are discussed.
Analytical protocol to identify local ancestry-associated molecular features in cancer (2021)

People of different ancestries vary in cancer risk and outcome, and their molecular differences may indicate sources of these variations. Determining the "local" ancestry composition at each genetic locus across ancestry-admixed populations can suggest causal associations. We present a protocol to identify local ancestry and detect the associated molecular changes, using data from the Cancer Genome Atlas. This workflow can be applied to cancer cohorts with matched tumor and normal data from admixed patients to examine germline contributions to cancer. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Carrot-Zhang et al. (2020).