gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Immunohistochemical Localization of P-glycoprotein in Rat Brain and Detection of Its Increased Expression by Seizures Are Sensitive to Fixation and Staining Variables (2005)

The MDR1 gene product, P-glycoprotein (P-gp), was shown to confer multidrug resistance to cancer cells, but its overexpression is also suggested to be involved in pharmacoresistance of epilepsy by acting as an energy-dependent drug-efflux pump in the blood-brain barrier (BBB). In normal brain tissue, P-gp is almost exclusively expressed by capillary endothelial cells (EC) of the BBB, whereas little or no expression is detected in other cell types. Increased P-gp expression was observed after seizures, but localization of this increase, i.e., within brain capillary EC or within parenchymal or perivascular astrocytes, which contribute to the BBB function, is controversial. To test whether these antithetic data arise from unusual properties of the antigen itself, we compared different immunohistochemical techniques and monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies to P-gp in normal rat brain and rat brain after kainate-induced seizures. Using acetone-fixed cryostat sections of snap-frozen tissue, strong P-gp labeling was detected in EC and, after seizures, in hippocampal neurons, but not in astrocytes. In contrast, EC and neuronal P-gp immunolabeling were not seen in paraformaldehyde-fixed sections, whereas both perivascular and parenchymal astrocytes exhibited strong P-gp labeling after seizures. The lack of P-gp labeling in EC by paraformaldehyde fixation, was reversed by treatment of the sections with acetate/ethanol. These experiments demonstrate that various fixation conditions have a striking effect on the immunohistochemical localization of P-gp in rat brain and detection of its increased expression by seizures. When data obtained from different immunohistochemical techniques are taken together, seizures seem to induce overexpression of P-gp in four different cell types, i.e., EC, perivascular astrocytes, parenchymal astrocytes, and neurons.
Zooplankton in counts per sample during DIANA cruise 90DI5510 (2000)

Matishov, Gennady G; Makarevich, Pavel R; Timofeev, Sergey F; Kuznetsov, Leonid L; Druzhkov, Nikolay V; Larionov, Viktor V; Golubev, Valery A; Zuyev, Aleksey N; Denisov, V I; Adrov, Nikolai M; Iliyn, G; Kuznetsov, A; Denisenko, Stanislav G; Savinov, Vladimir M; Shavikyn, A; Smolyar, I V; Levitus, Sydney; O'Brien, Todd; Baranova, Olga K (2000): Zooplankton in counts per sample during DIANA cruise 90DI5510 [dataset]. Murmansk Marine Biological Institute, PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.827045, In supplement to: Matishov, GG et al. (2000): Biological Atlas of the Arctic Seas 2000: Plankton of the Barents and Kara Seas (in english). International Ocean Atlas Series, Murmansk Marine Biological Institute, Russia; Ocean Climate Laboratory, NODC/NOAA, USA, 2, 348 pp, hdl:10013/epic.42580.d025
Effects of Polymerization on Chromophore Stacking in Bilayer Membranes (1996)

Two novel polymerizable double-chained ammonium amphiphiles carrying mesogenic cyanobiphenylyloxy units have been synthesized containing methacrylate in the headgroup or diacetylene groups in the hydrophobic tails. These compounds form bilayer vesicles upon dispersion in water. Polymerization increases the vesicle stability toward solubilization by a nonionic surfactant. The stacking of the cyanobiphenylyloxy units in the bilayer is directly monitored by the extent of the blue shift of the absorption maximum. Upon polymerization a decrease in blue shift is observed, reflecting a decrease in the ordering of the amphiphile molecules. This effect is stronger when polymerization occurs in the hydrophobic tails than in the headgroup region.
Bipolar Circuit Design for a 5000-Circuit VLSI Gate Array (1981)

Ever-increasing gate-array chip circuit count and size pose challenges to the circuit designer, who must optimize the cell layout and power dissipation of logic circuits. This paper describes the design of a bipolar gate array for a 5000-circuit microprocessor. The physical design data obtained after completion of automatic placement and wiring are presented. The distribution of projected circuit delay for the 4437 nets is then calculated and this information is used to determine the selective increase in circuit power to reduce wide spreads in turn-off and turn-on delays. It is shown that this technique improves power/performance and has implications for future VLSI designs. It was also found that voltage drop violations were manageable even with the long net lengths occurring in this large VLSI gate array. Several commonly used bipolar circuit types are compared on the basis of capacitance drive capability at low power.
Splines: A Perfect Fit For Signal Processing (2000)

Publication in the conference proceedings of EUSIPCO, Tampere, Finland, 2000
Neuronal localization of prosomatostatin mRNA in the rat brain with in situ hybridization histochemistry (1988)

Individual neurons containing prosomatostatin mRNA were identified with in situ hybridization histochemistry. Our results demonstrate a widespread distribution of prosomatostatin mRNA in several regions of the rat central nervous system. Neurons containing this transcript were most abundant in the anterior olfactory nucleus, hypothalamus, hippocampus, and amygdala as well as in all regions of the cerebral cortex. Moreover, the distribution of mRNA-containing perikarya was coextensive with the location of neurons containing somatostatin-like immunoreactivity in all areas of the brain examined. Somatostatin neurons varied in their morphology and amount of hybridization signal from region to region. The widespread distribution and regional variations in neuronal morphology and the amount of hybridization signal are consistent with a neurotransmitter and/or a neuromodulator role for somatostatin in addition to its well-established neuroendocrine role. These results demonstrate that both the peptide and its mRNA are found in perikarya in the same areas and that they are therefore the sites of synthesis for somatostatin.
Deaths Due to Cigarette Smoking for 12 Smoking-Related Cancers in the United States (2015)

This study estimated the number of deaths attributable to cigarette smoking for 12 smoking-related cancers and found that continued progress in reducing cancer mortality requires more comprehensive tobacco control.
Associations Between Length of Music Training and Reading Skills in Children (2011)

previous research has found that music training in childhood is associated with word decoding, a fundamental reading skill related to the ability to pronounce individual words. These findings have typically been explained by a near transfer mechanism because music lessons train auditory abilities associated with those needed for decoding words. Nevertheless, few studies have examined whether music training is associated with higher-level reading abilities such as reading comprehension, which would suggest far transfer. We tested whether the length of time children took music lessons was associated with word decoding and reading comprehension skills in 6- to 9-year-old normal-achieving readers. Our results revealed that length of music training was not associated with word decoding skills; however, length of music training predicted reading comprehension performance even after controlling for age, socioeconomic status, auditory perception, full-scale IQ, the number of hours that children spent reading per week, and word decoding skills. We suggest that if near transfer occurs, it is likely strongest in beginning readers or those experiencing reading difficulty. The strong association in our data—between length of music training and reading comprehension—is consistent with mechanisms involving far transfer.
56 Gb/s, PAM-4 Transmission Over 25 km, Using IQ Modulator and Unequally Spaced Levels (2015)

We propose a PAM-4 modulation scheme with unequally spaced levels in order to mitigate chirp effects caused by IQ modulators. Experimental results of 56 Gb/s transmission over 25 km link demonstrate the robustness of this modulation concept.
A design representation for hardware/software co-synthesis (2002)

This paper presents a design representation for digital designs consisting of both hardware and software components. The design representation is used to capture designs during the synthesis process from a high-level behavioural specification to its structural implementation. It is based on timed Petri nets which are used for representing the control flow. These are extended with a formal notation to capture data manipulation by both software and hardware. Based on the representation, a hardware/software co-design environment is being built, which includes procedures for design evaluation, hardware/software partitioning, and movement of functionality from hardware to software and vice versa.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
On lossless tranformation of databases schemes not necessarily satisfying universal instance assumption (1984)

Given a multirelational database scheme and a relational mapping f transforming it, an important question is whether the resulting scheme is equivalent to the original one. This question was addressed in the literature with respect to those relational schemes that satisfy the so called universal relation assumption; however, no study was ever concerned with multirelational (data base) schemes that do not necessarily satisfy this assumption.We present two general definitions of lossless transformation of the database scheme based on the so-called closed world and open world assumptions. While both definitions seem to be practically justified, the one based on the open world assumption is more "tractable" We are able to test losslessness defined in such a way for a wide class of relational expressions and dependencies. An algorithm for testing losslessness of a mappings (which are arbitrary relational expressions built up from projections, cartesian products and restrictions) is presented in the paper. Moreover, given a lossless transformation, our algorithm enables us to explicitly construct an "inverted" mapping that restores the corresponding state of the original database. The application of the algorithm to schemes specified by differrent types of dependencies is described. In particular the application of the algorithm for schemes specified by inclusion dependencies is presented. In this case the algorithm works for families of inclusion dependencies having finite chase property. This class of inclusion dependencies is characterized in the paper.
In vivo regional cerebral blood volume: quantitative assessment with 3D T1-weighted pre- and postcontrast MR imaging. (1996)

rCBV maps can be obtained in a standard clinical setting and can be used to reveal information on local blood volume.
Discrete Modeling of the Mechanics of Entangled Materials (2005)

We employ a discrete computational model to study the entanglement transition of non-cross-linked semiflexible fibers during isostatic compressions. We determine, as a function of the fiber aspect ratio, packing densities and caging numbers, i.e., the density and number of contacts per fiber at the entanglement transition. The caging number is found to be 8 for short fibers and to drop down to 4 for longer fibers. Compressions beyond the entanglement transition allow us to determine, for these networks that deform primarily by bending, the scaling exponents of the pressure and of the bulk modulus (=3), as well as of the number of contacts per fiber (=1).
Lipoxin A 4 impairs effective bacterial control and potentiates joint inflammation and damage caused by Staphylococcus aureus infection (2020)

Staphylococcus aureus is the main cause of septic arthritis in humans, a disease associated with high morbidity and mortality. Inflammation triggered in response to infection is fundamental to control bacterial growth but may cause permanent tissue damage. Here, we evaluated the role of Lipoxin A<sub>4</sub> (LXA<sub>4</sub> ) in S aureus-induced arthritis in mice. Septic arthritis was induced by S aureus injection into tibiofemoral joints. At different time points, we evaluated cell recruitment and bacterial load in the joint, the production of pro-inflammatory molecules, and LXA<sub>4</sub> in inflamed tissue and analyzed joint damage and dysfunction. LXA<sub>4</sub> was investigated using genetically modified mice or by pharmacological blockade of its synthesis and receptor. CD11c<sup>+</sup> cells were evaluated in lymph nodes by confocal microscopy and flow cytometry and dendritic cell chemotaxis using the Boyden chamber. Absence or pharmacological blockade of 5-lipoxygenase (5-LO) reduced joint inflammation and dysfunction and was associated with better control of infection at 4 to 7 days after the infection. There was an increase in LXA<sub>4</sub> in joints of S aureus-infected mice and administration of LXA<sub>4</sub> reversed the phenotype in 5-LO<sup>-/-</sup> mice. Blockade or absence of the LXA<sub>4</sub> receptor FPR2 has a phenotype similar to 5-LO<sup>-/-</sup> mice. Mechanistically, LXA<sub>4</sub> appeared to control migration and function of dendritic cells, cells shown to be crucial for adequate protective responses in the model. Thus, after the first days of infection when symptoms become evident therapies that inhibit LXA<sub>4</sub> synthesis or action could be useful for treatment of S aureus-induced arthritis.
Development and Implementation of a Safety and Health Program for Employees Involved with Residential Soil and Dust Lead Abatement and Monitoring (1992)

Abstract The safety and health plan that was developed for the Cincinnati Soil Lead Abatement Demonstration Project is described from its development through its initial implementation, review, and revisions. This demonstration project, funded under the Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act, was developed to demonstrate the effectiveness of soil and dust lead abatement in inner-city neighborhoods in reducing the blood lead of young children. The project involved extensive sampling of soil, exterior and interior dust, water, paint lead, and blood lead. Abatement activities included soil excavation and replacement, debris removal, pavement cleaning, and housedust abatement by cleaning and furniture/carpet removal. Air lead concentrations were minimal and no significant blood leads were observed. Experiences described should prove to be useful to others engaged in similar lead abatement activities; the overall approach used may also prove useful in the development of safety and health plans for lead paint abatement projects.
Virtual synchronous generator based frequency control in interconnected microgrids (2020)

To achieve a sustainable energy supply, the expectations are increasing for autonomous decentralized microgrids (MGs) that effectively combine renewable and fossil-fuel-based energies. When a power imbalance occurs in an MG, based on the governor free control (GFC), the output sharing and frequency of the MG are first determined by the inertial force and synchronization between distributed generators (DGs). Next, desired power-sharing and frequency recovery are performed by secondary frequency control (LFC) in the control mechanism of the MG. However, in interconnected microgrids (IMGs), not only loads (LDs) but also DGs are connected/disconnected arbitrarily, and it is difficult to analyze the synchronization forces and tie-line power accurately. Therefore, in this research, we constructed a frequency response model (FRM) of MG composed of various DGs with different inertias and time constants and applied the extended virtual synchronous generator (E-VSG) model to it. It was confirmed by the simulation that frequency nadir and recovery time could be significantly shortened by properly setting the parameters of E-VSG without interfering with those of the existing DGs. Furthermore, in a system in which three MGs are interconnected, even if there is no E-VSG in the MG where the power disturbance occurs, the similar effects by the EVSG in other MGs were confirmed due to the tie-line powers.
Forthcoming Aggregating Intrusion Detection System Alerts Framework (2010)

Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) are one of the powerful systems used to secure the computer environments. These systems trigger thousands of alerts per day and become a headache issue to the analyst, because they need to analyze the severity of the alerts and other fields, such as the IP addresses. This paper Investigates the most popular aggregation methods, which deals with IDS alerts. In addition, we propose Threshold Aggregation Framework (TAF) to handle IDS alerts. TAF is based on time as a main component to aggregate the alerts while TAF support aggregating alerts without threshold by setting the threshold value to 0.
Renoprotective Effect of Yiqi Yangyin Huayu Tongluo Formula against Diabetic Nephropathy in Diabetic Rats (2018)

Diabetic nephropathy is developed in 20-40% of patients with diabetes mellitus, and patients with diabetic nephropathy require dialysis and renal transplantation. Traditional Chinese medicine has been widely used in treating patients with diabetic nephropathy in China. However, the detailed mechanisms of traditional Chinese medicine remain unclear. Yiqi Yangyin Huayu Tongluo formula (ZY formula) is a traditional Chinese medicinal formula. Here, we demonstrated kidney protective effect of ZY formula on the rats with diabetic nephropathy. The therapeutic effect of ZY formula on the diabetic nephropathy was almost the same as that of Irbesartan, which proved to have excellent curative effects on diabetic nephropathy. We also demonstrated the mechanism of ZY formula effect on the diabetic nephropathy. First, we validated that the activation of ROS-JNK signaling pathway in diabetic rats could be reduced by ZY. Furthermore, collagen I expression could be downregulated by ZY formula treatment. Meanwhile, cell apoptosis in the kidney of diabetic rats could be alleviated by ZY formula.
Zero-Shot Event Detection by Multimodal Distributional Semantic Embedding of Videos (2016)

We propose a new zero-shot Event-Detection method by Multi-modal Distributional Semantic embedding of videos. Our model embeds object and action concepts as well as other available modalities from videos into a distributional semantic space. To our knowledge, this is the first Zero-Shot event detection model that is built on top of distributional semantics and extends it in the following directions: (a) semantic embedding of multimodal information in videos (with focus on the visual modalities), (b) semantic embedding of concepts definitions, and (c) retrieve videos by free text event query (e.g., "changing a vehicle tire") based on their content. We first embed the video into the multi-modal semantic space and then measure the similarity between videos with the event query in free text form. We validated our method on the large TRECVID MED (Multimedia Event Detection) challenge. Using only the event title as a query, our method outperformed the state-the-art that uses big descriptions from 12.6\% to 13.5\% with MAP metric and from 0.73 to 0.83 with ROC-AUC metric. It is also an order of magnitude faster.
Preparation of Hydrophobic 2‐Phenylthiohydroquinone Dimers and Evaluation of Their Photophysical Properties (2014)

ABSTRACT Tetra ‐O ‐alkylated hydrophobic 2‐phenylthiohydroquinone dimers were prepared by the Fe(III)‐mediated oxidative dimerization. The prepared dimers were soluble in hexane and served as fluorescent dyes in the hydrophobic solvent. Their physical properties were also examined.
Silicon-Based On-Chip Electrically-Tunable Spectral Shaper for Continuously Tunable Linearly Chirped Microwave Waveform Generation (2016)

A silicon-based on-chip electrically-tunable spectral shaper for the generation of a tunable linearly chirped microwave waveform (LCMW) based on spectral shaping and wavelength-to-time (SS-WTT) mapping is designed, fabricated, and demonstrated. The on-chip spectral shaper has a Michelson interferometer structure with two linearly chirped waveguide Bragg gratings (LC-WBGs) incorporated in its two arms. Due to the wavelength-dependent length difference between the two arms of the interferometer, the spectral response of the spectral shaper exhibits a wavelength-dependent free spectral range, which is required for the generation of an LCMW based on SS-WTT mapping. To enable electrical tuning of the spectral response, a lateral PN junction is introduced to each of the waveguides where the LC-WBGs are inscribed. Thanks to the plasma dispersion effect, the spectral response of the spectral shaper can be tuned by changing the bias voltages applied to the PN junctions, which would lead to the tuning of the generated LCMW. A theoretical analysis on the LCMW generation is performed, which is verified by an experiment in which an electrically-tunable spectral shaper is fabricated using a CMOS-compatible process with 248-nm deep ultraviolet lithography. By independently controlling the bias voltages to the PN junctions, a continuous tuning of the generated LCMW is demonstrated.
Synthesis of 8‐Thiabicyclo[3.2.1]oct‐2‐enes and Their Binding Affinity for the Dopamine and Serotonin Transporters. (2005)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Pyridazines with heteroatom substituents in positions 3 and 5. 6. SN reactions in position 5 of 2‐aryl‐5‐hydroxypyridazin‐3(2H)‐ones (1990)

Abstract The nucleophilic introduction of chloro‐ ( 2 ), azido‐ ( 4 ), (substituted) amino ( 3, 6 ), mercapto ( 10 ) and hydrazino‐groups ( 13 ) into 2‐aryl‐5‐hydroxypyridazin‐3(2 H )‐ones [3] is described. The 5‐aminopyridazin‐3(2 H )‐one ( 6 ) also reacts with activated malonates 8 [4] to give pyrido[2,3‐ d ]pyridazines 9 . Hydrazino compounds 13 can be treated with aldehydes to yield compounds 14 . Iodine can be introduced into position 4 of 5 ‐amino ‐(15 ) and 5‐hydroxypyridazin‐3(2 H )‐ones ( 17 ) by electrophilic substitution to afford compounds 18 .
Hybrid index structures for location-based web search (2005)

There is more and more commercial and research interest in location-based web search, i.e. finding web content whose topic is related to a particular place or region. In this type of search, location information should be indexed as well as text information. However, the index of conventional text search engine is set-oriented, while location information is two-dimensional and in Euclidean space. This brings new research problems on how to efficiently represent the location attributes of web pages and how to combine two types of indexes. In this paper, we propose to use a hybrid index structure, which integrates inverted files and R*-trees, to handle both textual and location aware queries. Three different combining schemes are studied: (1) inverted file and R*-tree double index, (2) first inverted file then R*-tree, (3) first R*-tree then inverted file. To validate the performance of proposed index structures, we design and implement a complete location-based web search engine which mainly consists of four parts: (1) an extractor which detects geographical scopes of web pages and represents geographical scopes as multiple MBRs based on geographical coordinates; (2) an indexer which builds hybrid index structures to integrate text and location information; (3) a ranker which ranks results by geographical relevance as well as non-geographical relevance; (4) an interface which is friendly for users to input location-based search queries and to obtain geographical and textual relevant results. Experiments on large real-world web dataset show that both the second and the third structures are superior in query time and the second is slightly better than the third. Additionally, indexes based on R*-trees are proven to be more efficient than indexes based on grid structures.