gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Maneuvering Target Tracking by using Particle Filter Method with Model Switching Structure (2002)

Tracking problem of maneuvering target is treated with assumption that the maneuver is unknown and its acceleration has abrupt changes sometimes. To cope with unknown maneuver, Bayesian switching structure model, which includes a set of possible models and switches among them, is used. It can be formalized into general (nonlinear, non-Gaussian) state space model where system model describes the target dynamics and observation model represents a process to observe the target position. Heavy-tailed uni-modal distribution, e.g. Cauchy distribution, is used for the system noise to accomplish good performance of tracking both for constant period and abrupt changing time point of acceleration. Monte Carlo filter, which is a kind of particle filter that approximates state distribution by many particles in state space, is used for the state estimation of the model. A simulation study shows the efficiency of the proposed model by comparing with Gaussian case of Bayesian switching structure model.
Spontaneously resolving chiral cis-[dinitrobis(ethylenediamine)cobalt]X complexes (X=Cl, Br) from the Alfred Werner collection of original samples at the University of Zurich – Alfred Werner's missed opportunity to become the ‘Louis Pasteur’ of coordination compounds (2015)

17 original crystals of [ -dinitrobis(ethylenediamine)cobalt]X complexes from the Alfred Werner collection of original samples of the University of Zurich were studied by single crystal X-ray diffraction revealing that the complexes with X = Cl, Br can undergo spontaneous chiral resolution upon crystallization. The main focus of this article was the chiral [ - and -dinitrobis(ethylenediamine)cobalt]Cl complexes, which crystallize from racemic solution in the space group P 21 mainly as synthetical twins enriched in one enantiomer, but to a small extent also as pure enantiomorphs. The twinning effect was recognized and correctly described by PhD student Richard Hessen of the Alfred Werner group (PhD thesis 1914). Richard Hessen eventually resolved the [ - and -dinitrobis(ethylenediamine)cobalt]Cl complex by the conglomerate salt resolution method. Based on the availability of the pure [ - or -dinitrobis(ethylenediamine)cobalt]Cl complex, he carried out seeding experiments, which proved that the [ - and -dinitrobis(ethylenediamine)cobalt]Cl complexes can be enriched to a great extent in one enantiomer by spontaneous chiral resolution. Already in the period of time from 1900 to 1904, various PhD students of Alfred Werner’s group (Adolf Grün, Edith Humphrey, Ernst Zinggeler, Heinrich Schwarz, and Paul Larisch) prepared the [ - or -dinitrobis(ethylenediamine)cobalt]Cl complex. Adolf Grün and Edith Humphrey have prepared enantiomerically enriched and rarely also enantiomorphic crystals of the [ - or -dinitrobis(ethylenediamine)cobalt]Cl complex and could have separated crystals by manual crystal picking. Admittedly due to the crystal habits this would have been a difﬁcult endeavour, but this ‘Louis Pasteur method’ was apparently not taken into consideration. Still in a cautiously sounding note one could state that Alfred Werner and his group had missed by this omission the opportunity for spontaneous chiral resolution of the [ - and -dinitrobis(ethylenediamine)cobalt]Cl complexes in the period of time from 1900 to 1904. In addition, making this early chiral resolution story even more incredible, we found that Heinrich Schwarz and Paul Larisch applied in these early days of coordination chemistry the S-(D-,d-)camphorsulfonate anion to achieve the separation of the cis- and trans-isomers of the [dinitrobis(ethylenediamine)cobalt] complexes. They did not approach the potentially possible chiral resolution of the [cis-dinitrobis(ethylenediamine)cobalt]+ cation. But based on their syn- thetic procedure they did indeed accomplish chiral resolution of the cis-isomer and prepared eventually a series of the chiral [cis-, -dinitrobis(ethylenediamine)cobalt]X salts; however all this was in an unintentional manner.
El teatro lírico en Granada en el siglo XIX (1800-1868) (2013)

Es un estudio del teatro lirico representado en la ciudad de Granada entre 1800 y 1868. En la epoca tratada el teatro lirico abarcaba opera, zarzuela, tonadilla, el sainete musical, los cuatros y otras tipologias asimiladas a las citadas pero con variada denominacion. Por extension tambien se hace referencia a otros generos y ambitos en donde la musica y el teatro estan maridados: la danza, la musica instrumental como preludio a las funciones, los conciertos instrumentales en el recinto teatral, musica instrumental como musica diegetica, etc. El contenido de esta tesis se puede concretar en los siguientes nueve puntos: 1) que repertorio se interpreto y cuando, 2) quienes lo compusieron y escribieron, 3) quienes lo interpretaron, 4) donde, 5) como se interpreto, 6) como lo recibio el publico granadino, 7) como y quien informo de ello, 8) que relacion existio entre lo que ocurrio en el teatro lirico de Granada y lo que ocurrio en el resto de la nacion, y 9) cuales eran y donde se encuentran las obras de los autores locales.
Topotecan Blocks Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-1α and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Expression Induced by Insulin-Like Growth Factor-I in Neuroblastoma Cells (2005)

The extent of angiogenesis and/or vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression in neuroblastoma tumors correlates with metastases, N-myc amplification, and poor clinical outcome. Understanding the mechanisms regulating VEGF expression in neuroblastoma cells provides additional therapeutic options to control neuroblastoma tumor growth. VEGF mRNA is controlled by growth factors and hypoxia via the transcription factor hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF-1alpha). HIF-1alpha protein levels are regulated by the von Hippel Lindau tumor suppressor gene, VHL, which targets HIF-1alpha degradation. To determine whether the levels of VEGF in neuroblastomas are due to mutations in VHL, we evaluated genomic DNA from 15 neuroblastoma cell lines using PCR. We found no mutations in exons 1, 2, or 3 of the VHL gene. VEGF mRNA levels in neuroblastoma cells cultured in serum-free medium increased after 8 to 16 hours in serum, insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I), epidermal growth factor, or platelet-derived growth factor. Serum/IGF-I induced increases in HIF-1alpha protein that temporally paralleled increases in VEGF mRNA, whereas HIF-1beta levels were unaffected. VEGF and HIF-1alpha levels were blocked by inhibitors of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and mammalian target of rapamycin. Furthermore, we confirmed that HIF-1alpha mediates approximately 40% of the growth factor activity stimulating VEGF protein expression. Topotecan blocked the IGF-I-stimulated increase in HIF-1alpha but not HIF-1beta, and this resulted in a decrease in VEGF in four neuroblastoma cell lines tested. These data indicate that growth factors in an autocrine or paracrine manner play a major role in regulating VEGF levels in neuroblastoma cells and that targeted therapies to phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, mammalian target of rapamycin, and/or HIF-1alpha have the potential to inhibit VEGF expression and limit neuroblastoma tumor growth.
Does anticipation of back pain predispose to back trouble? (2004)

Limb movement imparts a perturbation to the body. The impact of that perturbation is limited via anticipatory postural adjustments. The strategy by which the CNS controls anticipatory postural adjustments of the trunk muscles during limb movement is altered during acute back pain and in people with recurrent back pain, even when they are pain free. The altered postural strategy probably serves to protect the spine in the short term, but it is associated with a cost and is thought to predispose spinal structures to injury in the long term. It is not known why this protective strategy might occur even when people are pain free, but one possibility is that it is caused by the anticipation of back pain. In eight healthy subjects, recordings of intramuscular EMG were made from the trunk muscles during single and repetitive arm movements. Anticipation of experimental back pain and anticipation of experimental elbow pain were elicited by the threat of painful cutaneous stimulation. There was no effect of anticipated experimental elbow pain on postural adjustments. During anticipated experimental back pain, for single arm movements there was delayed activation of the deep trunk muscles and augmentation of at least one superficial trunk muscle. For repetitive arm movements, there was decreased activity and a shift from biphasic to monophasic activation of the deep trunk muscles and increased activity of superficial trunk muscles during anticipation of back pain. In both instances, the changes were consistent with adoption of an altered strategy for postural control and were similar to those observed in patients with recurrent back pain. We conclude that anticipation of experimental back pain evokes a protective postural strategy that stiffens the spine. This protective strategy is associated with compressive cost and is thought to predispose to spinal injury if maintained long term.
Scientific Tests and Continuous Integration Strategies to Enhance Reproducibility in the Scientific Software Context (2019)

Continuous integration (CI) is a well-established technique in commercial and open-source software projects, although not routinely used in scientific publishing. In the scientific software context, CI can serve two functions to increase reproducibility of scientific results: providing an established platform for testing the reproducibility of these results, and demonstrating to other scientists how the code and data generate the published results. We explore scientific software testing and CI strategies using two articles published in the areas of applied mathematics and computational physics. We discuss lessons learned from reproducing these articles as well as examine and discuss existing tests. We introduce the notion of a "scientific test" as one that produces computational results from a published article. We then consider full result reproduction within a CI environment. If authors find their work too time or resource intensive to easily adapt to a CI context, we recommend the inclusion of results from reduced versions of their work (e.g., run at lower resolution, with shorter time scales, with smaller data sets) alongside their primary results within their article. While these smaller versions may be less interesting scientifically, they can serve to verify that published code and data are working properly. We demonstrate such reduction tests on the two articles studied.
Oral health status and dental care for individuals with visual impairment. A narrative review (2022)

Visual impairment is a highly prevalent condition worldwide. Oral health care in this group of patients is not always adequate. This is due to the low awareness of the importance of oral health in this population group and the fact that these patients prioritize their general health over oral health. Therefore, caries and periodontal disease are frequent in this population group. Especially, periodontal status is worse in patients with acquired visual impairment compared to patients with congenital visual impairment. On the other hand, the proportion of treated caries in this group is very low. This may be due to the poorer access of this population to dental care, which is limited by physical, social, and information barriers. Dental phobia and the lack of dental professionals capable of treating this population group have been identified as one of the most important factors. Therefore, establishing oral hygiene routines that are adapted to individuals' skills and needs is essential to achieve good oral health and improve patient's quality of life. This narrative review also updates those dental treatment considerations, depending on each dental specialty, that can help improve patient satisfaction when they come to the dental office.
Synthesis, structure characterization and biological evaluation of new 6,8-dichloro-2-methyl-4H-chromen-4-one derivatives (2012)

The typical active methyl functionality of 6,8-dichloro-2-methyl-4 H -chromen-4-one is utilized to obtain 2-styrylchromones, pyruvate ester and phthalide via reactions with aromatic carboxaldehydes, diethyl oxalate and phthalic anhydride respectively. The phthalide provides illustrative example to convert a heterocyclic compound to an aliphatic one via the effect of alcoholic sodium methoxide. Bromination and cycloaddition reactions of 2-styrylchromones afford vicinal dibromide and adducts respectively. This work presents to the art a typical example of heterocyclic systems transformations through the conversion of the starting chromone to coumarin under the influence of thionyl chloride followed by aqueous potassium hydroxide. Some heterocyclic systems like pyrazole, isoxazol and quinolinone are obtained from the target chromone by treatment with hydrazines, hydroxylamine hydrochloride and ammonium acetate respectively. Thiation of starting chromone interestingly affords a dithiated product instead of the expected monothiated one. Antibacterial and antifungal activities of some synthesized compounds have been screened.
In vitro anti-aging activities of ginkgo biloba leaf extract and its chemical constituents (2020)

To determine in vitro anti-aging activity and identify the active chemical constituents in Ginkgo leaf extracts. The antioxidant properties of Ginkgo biloba leaves extracts were evaluated using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH) scavenging and 2,2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline)-6 sulfonic acid radical (ABTS) scavenging assays. The inhibitory effects of extracts and chemical constituents on reactive oxygen species, matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) and collagen tpye O level were tested using human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs). Reverse-phase liquid chromatography (RPLC) and ultra-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectroscopy (UPLC/MS/MS) were used to quantitatively analyze flavonoids and terpene trilactones in the extraction. The established quantitative analysis method was validated according to the regulatory guidelines. The extraction and compounds kaempferol 3-D--D-glucopyranoside, isorhamnetin-3-D-glucoside, myricetin, ginkgolide A and bilobalide could have potential anti-aging activities of G. biloba. The results suggest that G. biloba could be used as anti-aging products and as a cosmetic and medicinal raw material.
An Optimization-Enabled Electromagnetic Transient Simulation-Based Methodology for HVDC Controller Design (2007)

This paper introduces a procedure for using optimization-enabled electromagnetic transient simulation (OE-EMTS) for the design of HVDC system controls. The OE-EMTS method conducts a sequence of simulation runs of the network, guided by a nonlinear optimization algorithm. The controller parameters in each subsequent run are refined with the aim of achieving a desired performance measure, mathematically represented by an objective function (OF). The paper demonstrates a design procedure, in which the selection of the OF follows an evolutionary path. The system is first designed with an initial OF, which often results in some unforeseen negative system behavior. In the next stage, a new OF is selected, which has the potential for mitigating this negative behavior. This cycle is terminated when a high-quality design is achieved. The procedure is exemplified with the controller design for a 200-MW back-to-back dc scheme to operate within a range of inverter short circuit ratios. The optimality measure considers dynamic changes in controller set-points as well as recovery from faults.
A novel high power converter for non-contact charging with magnetic coupling (1994)

A novel non-contact battery charger of high power of high efficiency using a self-oscillated soft-switching converter and a high power detachable transformer is proposed. The starting of the oscillation, the stabilizing of the bias voltage and also the soft-switching are obtained by a simple driving circuit which is made of diodes and resistors. Using this converter, we have obtained a non-contact-type battery charger of 98% efficiency, under the condition of 1 kW output.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
The Effect of the Tonometer Footplate Hole on Scale Reading (1958)

It has been noted in this laboratory<sup>1</sup>that tonograms starting with scale readings less than 3 gave values for the intraocular pressure (P<sub>o</sub>) and outflow facility (C) which were often higher than anticipated from the clinical findings in these patients. Furthermore, P<sub>o</sub>and C values obtained on the same eye with a greater plunger load and a larger initial scale reading gave more reasonable, lower estimates of C and P<sub>o</sub>. Kronfeld independently pointed out<sup>2</sup>that at low scale readings (high intraocular pressure) comparative measurements with the 5.5 and 7.5 gm. weights give results inconsistent with the 1955 Friedenwald tables. Clinically this problem has been resolved in most tonography laboratories and offices by using a sufficient plunger load to obtain an initial scale reading greater than 3. These findings stimulated us to search for the source of the discrepancies, and on theoretical grounds it was decided
Advances in Piezoelectric Polymer Composites for Energy Harvesting Applications: A Systematic Review (2018)

Abstract Polymeric piezoelectric composites for energy harvesting applications are considered a significant research field which provides the convenience of mechanical flexibility, suitable voltage with sufficient power output, lower manufacturing cost, and rapid processing compared to ceramic‐based composites. This review focuses majorly on the basic theory and principles behind piezoelectric energy harvesting (PEH) devices, followed by specified materials used for the different devices. Different structural configurations associated with fabrication of PEH devices are discussed in detail along with their major advantages and drawbacks. Numerous classes of piezoelectric polymers such as polyvinylidene fluoride, polylactic acid, cellulose, polyamides, polyurea, polyurethanes, and their composites used for energy harvesting applications as a productive alternative of lead‐based piezo‐ceramics, are extensively addressed and explored. Additionally, current global and Indian scenarios associated with PEH devices, major challenges associated with them, and the future perspective of such devices are also reported in this review.
Titan Airship Explorer (2003)

Saturn's moon Titan is considered to be one of the prime locations for understanding the origins of life due to its rich environment of organic chemicals. A unique combination of dense atmosphere (more than four times that of the Earth), low gravity (one-sixth of that on the Earth) and small temperature variations makes Titan well-suited for studies with buoyant robotic vehicles (aerobots). Moreover, since the methane clouds obscure the entire surface, aerial platforms flying below the clouds are the only means of getting high-resolution global mapping of the Titan surface in the visible and infrared wavelengths. Major technical challenges for Titan aerobots include an extremely cold atmosphere (/spl sim/-90K), remoteness from the Earth (/spl sim/10 AU), which limit data transmission and prevents meaningful real-time control, and the consequent need for a high degree of autonomous operation. Remoteness from the Sun and obscuring cloud cover make nuclear energy the only practical source of power. Radioisotope thermal generators (RTGs) can provide sufficient power to give an aerobot limited propulsion capability. Propeller-driven aerobots are essentially airships that can move to specific targets on Titan rather than being constrained to travel with the prevailing winds. Such vehicles also can be used for in situ studies of the surface either through combined airship/rover concepts ("aerover") or through winching down an instrumented surface platform from a station-keeping airship. An airship baseline design is described including the key technical aspects of airship configuration, propulsion system, navigation and control concepts, data acquisition and communications. The resulting baseline design appears to be very attractive and suggests that airships are a good candidate for the post-Cassini exploration of Titan.
CORRESPONDENCE: To the Editor (1955)

CORRESPONDENCE: To the Editor: THE ETHNOLOGICAL AND MEDICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF BREAST FEEDING Get access MAVIS GUNTHER MAVIS GUNTHER Infant Welfare and Children's Department, University College HospitalGower Street, London, W.C.1. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Journal of Tropical Pediatrics, Volume 1, Issue 2, September 1955, Pages 120–121, https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.tropej.a057346 Published: 01 September 1955
Drug-resistant hypertension in primary aldosteronism patients undergoing adrenal vein sampling: the AVIS-2-RH study (2021)

(i) Resistant hypertension is a common presentation in patients seeking surgical cure of PA; (ii) AVS is key for the optimal management of patients with PA due to resistant hypertension; and (iii) AVS-guided adrenalectomy allowed resolution of treatment-resistant hypertension.
<title>Development of the Moderate-Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) protoflight model</title> (1996)

The moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer (MODIS) is scheduled for launch on the first of the Earth observing systems AM spacecraft in mid 1998. This instrument is designed to study Earth system processes and includes 36 spectral bands for study of oceanographic, atmospheric, and land surface phenomenon. The MODIS instrument has been under design and development for the past 10 years, with completion of the engineering model (EM) in mid 1995, and is now nearing completion of the first spaceflight unit, the protoflight model (PFM). This paper discusses the development of the PFM, by addressing the features and issues of the many subsystems.
Electron paramagnetic resonance of detection of aryl ether cleavage II. The anion radicals of polyphenyl ethers (1967)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTElectron paramagnetic resonance of detection of aryl ether cleavage II. The anion radicals of polyphenyl ethersDolan H. Eargle Jr. and William B. MonizCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1967, 32, 7, 2227–2228Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1967Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1967https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01282a031https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01282a031research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views51Altmetric-Citations2LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts