gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Splanchnic metabolism of dietary arginine in relation to nitric oxide synthesis in normal adult man. (1993)

Urinary nitrate (NO3) is the stable end product of nitric oxide, which is formed, in turn, from a guanidino nitrogen of arginine. We have conducted two experiments, each in four healthy adult men receiving a low nitrate diet for 7-10 days, to investigate the in vivo conversion of arginine to nitrate. In the first study [guanidino-15N2, 5,5-2H2]arginine was given on day 7 via a primed continuous intravenous infusion for 8 h. In the second study, the labeled arginine was given for 8 h by the intragastric route on day 7 and by the intravenous route on day 10. Measurement of 15NO3 output in urine collected for 24 h beginning at the time of the arginine tracer infusion revealed a more extensive transfer of 15N when the arginine tracer was given intragastricly. From the comparative labeling of 15NO3 after administration of the tracer arginine via the intragastric and intravenous routes, we estimate that 16% +/- 2% of the daily production of nitrate arises from the metabolism of dietary arginine that is taken up during its "first pass" in the splanchnic region. Hence, nitric oxide production occurs, to a measurable extent, in this area in healthy subjects, raising the question as to how various pathophysiological states might alter the relations between exogenous and endogenous sources of arginine as precursors of NO. and the relative contributions made by various organs to whole body (NO.) NO3 formation. These results also raise important questions about the use of nitric oxide synthase inhibitors in animal and human studies.
Solvent‐Free Conversion of Linalool to Methylcyclopentadiene Dimers: A Route To Renewable High‐Density Fuels (2011)

Neat biofuel in HD: Linalool, a linear terpene alcohol, can be selectively converted by ruthenium metathesis catalysts under solvent-free conditions to 1-methyl-cyclopent-2-enol and isobutylene in quantitative yield. Dehydration of the alcohol under mild conditions followed by low-temperature thermal dimerization yields methylcyclopentadiene dimer, which can be readily converted into a high-density fuel.
A Cross-Correlated Delay Shift Supervised Learning Method for Spiking Neurons with Application to Interictal Spike Detection in Epilepsy (2016)

This study introduces a novel learning algorithm for spiking neurons, called CCDS, which is able to learn and reproduce arbitrary spike patterns in a supervised fashion allowing the processing of spatiotemporal information encoded in the precise timing of spikes. Unlike the Remote Supervised Method (ReSuMe), synapse delays and axonal delays in CCDS are variants which are modulated together with weights during learning. The CCDS rule is both biologically plausible and computationally efficient. The properties of this learning rule are investigated extensively through experimental evaluations in terms of reliability, adaptive learning performance, generality to different neuron models, learning in the presence of noise, effects of its learning parameters and classification performance. Results presented show that the CCDS learning method achieves learning accuracy and learning speed comparable with ReSuMe, but improves classification accuracy when compared to both the Spike Pattern Association Neuron (SPAN) learning rule and the Tempotron learning rule. The merit of CCDS rule is further validated on a practical example involving the automated detection of interictal spikes in EEG records of patients with epilepsy. Results again show that with proper encoding, the CCDS rule achieves good recognition performance.
A new SMA shell element based on the corotational formulation (2013)

Aim of this paper is to develop a new shape memory alloy (SMA) facet-shell finite element accounting for material and geometric nonlinearities. A corotational formulation is exploited, able to filter out large rigid-body motions from the element transformation. Accordingly, a geometrically linear core-element is employed, along with a SMA constitutive model formulated in the small strain framework. In particular, in accordance with the formulation of the classical thin shell theory, a plane-stress SMA model accounting for the pseudo-elastic as well as the shape memory effect is adopted. The time integration of the evolutive equation is performed developing a step-by-step backward-Euler numerical procedure. A highly efficient implementation of the corotational machinery is used, endowed with a fully consistent tangent stiffness. Applications are carried out for assessing the performances of the developed computational procedure and to investigate on some interesting engineering examples. The numerical results show the effectiveness of the proposed shell element, whose simplicity makes it attractive for the design of new advanced SMA-based devices undergoing significant configuration changes during their operation.
Liquid-Crystal-Enabled Active Plasmonics: A Review (2014)

Liquid crystals are a promising candidate for development of active plasmonics due to their large birefringence, low driving threshold, and versatile driving methods. We review recent progress on the interdisciplinary research field of liquid crystal based plasmonics. The research scope of this field is to build the next generation of reconfigurable plasmonic devices by combining liquid crystals with plasmonic nanostructures. Various active plasmonic devices, such as switches, modulators, color filters, absorbers, have been demonstrated. This review is structured to cover active plasmonic devices from two aspects: functionalities and driven methods. We hope this review would provide basic knowledge for a new researcher to get familiar with the field, and serve as a reference for experienced researchers to keep up the current research trends.
Semi-automatic segmentation of whole-body images in longitudinal studies (2020)

We propose a semi-automatic segmentation pipeline designed for longitudinal studies considering structures with large anatomical variability, where expert interactions are required for relevant segmentations. Our pipeline builds on the regularized Fast Marching (rFM) segmentation approach by Risser<i>et al</i>(2018). It consists in transporting baseline multi-label FM seeds on follow-up images, selecting the relevant ones and finally performing the rFM approach. It showed increased, robust and faster results compared to clinical manual segmentation. Our method was evaluated on 3D synthetic images and patients' whole-body MRI. It allowed a robust and flexible handling of organs longitudinal deformations while considerably reducing manual interventions.
The natural history of atrial fibrillation after the first documented episode. Different evolution of persistent and non-persistent atrial fibrillation (2013)

Purpose: Atrial fibrillation (AF) is believed to progress from paroxysmal to persistent (perAF), but this concept is not supported by specific data. The purpose of our study was to describe the presentation and long term evolution of AF starting at the time of a first episode (1st E) in a general outpatient population. Methods: From January 2008 to December 2010 we registered all patients (P) seen with a 1st E of AF at the emergency room (ER) of a general hospital providing care for a population of 250000. We excluded P with severe heart disease and/or poor tolerance requiring hospitalization. Treatment was left to the ER physician's discretion. P were followed up (f/u) 2 weeks (wk) after discharge and every 3-6 months (mo) for a total of 32±12 mo. Results: We registered 169 P. In 77 (46%) there was a clear-cut onset of palpitation ≤48 h before admission, and in 92 time of onset could not be determined. Twenty two P received antiarrhythmic drugs (AAD) and 1 electrical cardioversion (ECV). Upon discharge ≤48 h after admission, 84 P were in sinus rhythm (SR), and 85 in AF. One P in each group received ADD and the remainder had rate control and oral anticoagulation. At the 2 wk (15±2 days) f/u, 99 P were in SR, and 70 in perAF (41%). None of the P discharged in SR were in AF and 15 of the 85 with AF at discharge had converted to SR. Of the 70 P with perAF at 2 wk, during long-term f/u, 6 (9%) spontaneously converted to SR and 26 (37%) underwent ECV, of which 15 remained in SR at the end of f/u. One P was lost. Of the 99 P in SR at the 2 wk f/u, 66 (66%) did not have any AF episodes long term, 24 (24%) had recurrent paroxysmal AF, and 9 (9%) developed perAF of which 3 recovered SR after ECV, and 1 was lost at 6 months. PerAF was not preceded by paroxysmal AF in 4 of these P. Of the P in SR 2 wk after the initial episode, 6 (6%) developed persistent/permanent AF during long-term f/u while 48 (69%) of patients with perAF at 2 wk had persistent/permanent AF at long-term f/u (p<0.001). Conclusions: These observations question the concept that perAF evolves from paroxysmal AF. In our population a full 41% of AF can be classified as perAF at the time of first diagnosis. Long-term f/u of our patients showed remarkably different prognosis depending on the presentation form, with a much higher long-term prevalence of persistent/permanent AF in those presenting initially with perAF. Paroxysmal and perAF could have different mechanisms and natural history.
[A case showing recurrence of myelopathy and optic nerve disturbance accompanied by pusturosis palmaris et plantaris and positive anticardiolipin antibody]. (1996)

The patient is a 62-year-old woman who was admitted to our hospital with chief complaints of paresthesia in the four extremities and the trunk and gait disturbance in February 1993. Habitual abortions and left retrobulbar optic neuritis were present in the past history. She had been suffering from pusturosis palmaris et plantaris for 10 years. On admission, weakness of the distal muscles in the right upper extremity and severe disturbance of the deep sensations in the bilateral lower extremities and the right upper extremity were present. With the progress of the neurological symptoms, pusturosis palmaris et plantaris progressed. After the admission, the neurological symptoms became better by the administration of corticosteroid hormone medicine. After that, myelopathy and left optic nerve disturbance relapsed and IgG anti-cardiolipin antibody in the serum was present. The neurological symptom, pusturosis palmaris et plantaris and positive IgG anti-cardiolipin antibody in the serum may be caused by immunological mechanism. Anti-phospholipid antibodies such as IgG anti-cardiolipin antibody in the serum should be examined in patients with clinical multiple sclerosis like our case.
Gold(III)-P-chirogenic complex induces mitochondrial dysfunction in triple-negative breast cancer (2022)

Chemical agents that specifically exploit metabolic vulnerabilities of cancer cells will be beneficial but are rare. The role of oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) in promoting and maintaining triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) growth provides new treatment opportunity. In this work, we describe AuPhos-19, a small-molecule gold(III)-based agent bearing a chiral phosphine ligand that selectively disrupts mitochondrial metabolism in murine and human TNBC cells but not normal epithelial cells. AuPhos-19 induces potent cytotoxic effect with half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC<sub>50</sub>) in the nanomolar range (220-650 nM) across different TNBC cell lines. The lipophilic cationic character of AuPhos-19 facilitates interaction with mitochondrial OXPHOS. AuPhos-19 inhibits mitochondria respiration and induces significant AMPK activation. Depolarization of the mitochondria membrane, mitochondria ROS accumulation, and mitochondria DNA depletion provided further indication that AuPhos-19 perturbs mitochondria function. AuPhos-19 inhibits tumor growth in tumor-bearing mice. This study highlights the development of gold-based compounds targeting mitochondrial pathways for efficacious cancer treatment.
The therapeutic potential of SA-sCD40L in the orthotopic model of superficial bladder cancer (2011)

Intravesical immobilization of SA-sCD40L elicited a strong and long-lasting immunity against the MB49 bladder cancer.
Emergence of PT-symmetry breaking in open quantum systems (2020)

The effect of \mathcal{PT} <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"> <mml:mstyle mathvariant="script"> <mml:mi>𝒫</mml:mi> <mml:mi>𝒯</mml:mi> </mml:mstyle> </mml:math> -symmetry breaking in coupled systems with balanced gain and loss has recently attracted considerable attention and has been demonstrated in various photonic, electrical and mechanical systems in the classical regime. However, it is still an unsolved problem how to generalize the concept of \mathcal{PT} <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"> <mml:mstyle mathvariant="script"> <mml:mi>𝒫</mml:mi> <mml:mi>𝒯</mml:mi> </mml:mstyle> </mml:math> symmetry to the quantum domain, where the conventional definition in terms of non-Hermitian Hamiltonians is not applicable. Here we introduce a symmetry relation for Liouville operators that describe the dissipative evolution of arbitrary open quantum systems. Specifically, we show that the invariance of the Liouvillian under this symmetry transformation implies the existence of stationary states with preserved and broken parity symmetry. As the dimension of the Hilbert space grows, the transition between these two limiting phases becomes increasingly sharp and the classically expected \mathcal{PT} <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"> <mml:mstyle mathvariant="script"> <mml:mi>𝒫</mml:mi> <mml:mi>𝒯</mml:mi> </mml:mstyle> </mml:math> -symmetry breaking transition is recovered. This quantum-to-classical correspondence allows us to establish a common theoretical framework to identify and accurately describe \mathcal{PT} <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"> <mml:mstyle mathvariant="script"> <mml:mi>𝒫</mml:mi> <mml:mi>𝒯</mml:mi> </mml:mstyle> </mml:math> -symmetry breaking effects in a large variety of physical systems, operated both in the classical and quantum regimes.
Reverse converters for RNSs with diminished-one encoded channels (2013)

The diminished-one encoding is often considered when representing the operands in the modulo 2 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">k</sup> +1 channels of a Residue Number System (RNS) since it can offer increased arithmetic processing speed. However, limited research is available on the design of residue-to-binary (reverse) converters for RNSs that use the diminished-one encoding in one or more channels. In this paper we introduce a simple methodology for designing such converters which can be applied to reverse converters based on the Chinese Remainder Theorem (CRT) or the New CRT-I method. Efficient converters for three moduli sets, covering different dynamic ranges, are also analytically presented. The proposed converters are shown to be area, delay and power efficient for several moduli sets.
E-mail in Clinical Orthopaedic Practice (2001)

Electronic mail (e‐mail), like letters, faxes, and telephone calls, is becoming a commonly used surrogate for in‐person contact between physicians and patients. E‐mail is not new, but only in recent years has the technology been easily accessible to the general public. The growth of the Internet and the availability of low-cost or free Web‐based electronic mailboxes have taken e‐mail out of the realm of university and governmental researchers and placed it in a majority of American households. It is projected that there will be a total of one billion accounts worldwide by the year 20021. Because of the ubiquitous nature of this medium, e‐mail is becoming a common means of communication between doctors and patients.

Perhaps because of the sudden growth of e‐mail use, there are few articles in the literature discussing e-mail as a form of communication in the practice of medicine. While some guidelines have been suggested for physicians in clinical practice2, practical issues such as ensuring patient confidentiality have not been fully defined. Doctors and patients need to understand the medical and legal implications of e‐mail use in order to anticipate and avoid problems.

We have identified five features of electronic communication that can have a positive or negative impact on the practice of medicine. The goals of this essay are to heighten awareness of the potential benefits and problems associated with the use of e‐mail as a means of communication between physicians and patients and to promote a discussion of these issues in the orthopaedic community.

E‐mail is an asynchronous mode of communication. In simple terms, this means that, in an e‐mail dialogue, the recipient does not have to sit idly while the other party is transmitting. Rather, transmission is active, but receipt is passive; messages are retrieved (and responded to) when …
Chemokine-Dependent Neutrophil Recruitment in a Murine Model ofLegionellaPneumonia: Potential Role of Neutrophils as Immunoregulatory Cells (2001)

The roles of CXC chemokine-mediated host responses were examined with an A/J mouse model of Legionella pneumophila pneumonia. After intratracheal inoculation of 10(6) CFU of L. pneumophila, the bacterial numbers in the lungs increased 10-fold by day 2; this increase was accompanied by the massive accumulation of neutrophils. Reverse transcription-PCR data demonstrated the up-regulation of CXC chemokines, such as keratinocyte-derived chemokine, macrophage inflammatory protein 2 (MIP-2), and lipopolysaccharide-induced CXC chemokine (LIX). Consistent with these data, increased levels of KC, MIP-2, and LIX proteins were observed in the lungs and peaked at days 1, 2, and 2, respectively. Although the administration of anti-KC or anti-MIP-2 antibody resulted in an approximately 20% decrease in neutrophil recruitment on day 2, no increase in mortality was observed. In contrast, the blockade of CXC chemokine receptor 2 (CXCR2), a receptor for CXC chemokines, including KC and MIP-2, strikingly enhanced mortality; this effect coincided with a 67% decrease in neutrophil recruitment. Interestingly, anti-CXCR2 antibody did not affect bacterial burden by day 2, even in the presence of a lethal challenge of bacteria. Moreover, a significant decrease in interleukin-12 (IL-12) levels, in contrast to the increases in KC, MIP-2, and LIX levels, was demonstrated for CXCR2-blocked mice. These data indicated that CXCR2-mediated neutrophil accumulation may play a crucial role in host defense against L. pneumophila pneumonia in mice. The increase in lethality without a change in early bacterial clearance suggested that neutrophils may exert their protective effect not through direct killing but through more immunomodulatory actions in L. pneumophila pneumonia. We speculate that a decrease in the levels of the protective cytokine IL-12 may explain, at least in part, the high mortality in the setting of reduced neutrophil recruitment.
Probability Distribution Estimation for Autoregressive Pixel-Predictive Image Coding (2016)

Pixelwise linear prediction using backward-adaptive least-squares or weighted least-squares estimation of prediction coefficients is currently among the state-of-the-art methods for lossless image compression. While current research is focused on mean intensity prediction of the pixel to be transmitted, best compression requires occurrence probability estimates for all possible intensity values. Apart from common heuristic approaches, we show how prediction error variance estimates can be derived from the (weighted) least-squares training region and how a complete probability distribution can be built based on an autoregressive image model. The analysis of image stationarity properties further allows deriving a novel formula for weight computation in weighted least-squares proofing and generalizing ad hoc equations from the literature. For sparse intensity distributions in non-natural images, a modified image model is presented. Evaluations were done in the newly developed C++ framework volumetric, artificial, and natural image lossless coder (Vanilc), which can compress a wide range of images, including 16-bit medical 3D volumes or multichannel data. A comparison with several of the best available lossless image codecs proofs that the method can achieve very competitive compression ratios. In terms of reproducible research, the source code of Vanilc has been made public.
Ammonia-complement interaction in the pathogenesis of progressive renal injury. (1989)

Toute diminution de la masse renale s'associe a une baisse du taux d'excretion de l'ammonium, alors que la production par nephron restant est augmentee. Ceci a pour but de continuer a eliminer la charge acide due aux proteines alimentaires. Cette augmentation de l'excretion d'ammonium par nephron induit une reaction avec le C3 circulant dans les capillaires peritubulaires, a l'origine d'inflammation interstielle et tubulaire, facteur de progression de la maladie. Le meme mecanisme pourrait etre a l'origine des depots de fractions du complement constates dans les nephropathies diabetiques et hypertensives
Surfing an ODBMS (maintaining WWW documents with O/sub 2/) (2002)

Deals with the idea of an object-oriented DBMS (O/sub 2/) working as an Internet server. The approach introduced offers fine-grained storage and retrieval of World Wide Web (WWW) documents, providing sophisticated document maintenance, supporting referential integrity, document integration, integration with application objects, access control and versioning. In contrast to comparable systems, it acts transparently to the WWW users, i.e. without using proprietary query languages or protocols. While achieving the full benefits of a modern document repository, it keeps the ease of the traditional file system it replaces.
Dynamics of Ion Exchange in Supersaturated Solutions (1997)

This paper reports the results on experimental and theoretical study of the new phenomenon called ion-exchange-isothermal-supersaturation (IXISS). This effect is observed for a number of ion-exchange systems where frontal or reverse frontal separation is accompanied by the formation of extremely stable supersaturated solutions of low solubility substances in the interbed space of ion-exchange columns. After leaving the column a supersaturated solution crystallizes spontaneously, which allows for designing a practically ideal ion-exchange process where a crystalline product is obtained directly after the ion-exchange treatment cycle. The paper is comprised of results on experimental investigation of IXISS of magnesium carbonate on carboxylic resins which is observed in desorption of Mg2+ from the resin in the Mg form with Na2CO3 solutions or with solutions of Na2CO3−NaHCO3 mixtures. The physical and mathematical models of the ion-exchange processes accompanied by the IXISS effect are proposed and their validity is experimentally confirmed.