gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Hybrid brain-computer interface based on EEG and NIRS modalities (2014)

Non-invasive brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) allow users to control external devices by their intentions. Currently, most BCI systems are synchronous, which means, they rely on cues or tasks to which a subject has to react. It would be more useful for users if they could control a device at their own will (i.e., asynchronous BCIs). However, previous asynchronous BCI systems that rely on non-invasive electroencephalogram (EEG) measurements, are not accurate and stable enough for real world applications. Previously, hybrid BCI systems, relying on simultaneous EEG and near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) measurements, have been shown to increase the classification performance of synchronous motor imagery (MI) tasks. In this study, we present a first report on an asynchronous multi-modal hybrid BCI, based on simultaneous EEG and near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) measurements and propose novel subject-dependent classification strategies for combining both measurements.
Detecting early response to cyclophosphamide treatment of RIF‐1 tumors using selective multiple quantum spectroscopy (SelMQC) and dynamic contrast enhanced imaging (2003)

The purpose of this study was to develop a reliable, noninvasive method for early detection of tumor response to therapy that would facilitate optimization of treatment regimens to the needs of the individual patient. In the present study, the effects of cyclophosphamide (Cp, a widely used alkylating agent) were monitored in a murine radiation induced fibrosarcoma (RIF-1) using in vivo (1)H NMR spectroscopy and imaging to evaluate the potential of these techniques towards early detection of treatment response. Steady-state lactate levels and Gd-DTPA uptake kinetics were measured using selective multiple quantum coherence (Sel-MQC) transfer spectroscopy and dynamic contrast enhanced imaging, respectively in RIF-1 tumors before, 24 and 72 h after 300 mg/kg of Cp administration. High-resolution (1)H NMR spectra of perchloric acid extracts of the tumor were correlated with lactate and glucose concentrations determined enzymatically. In vivo NMR experiments showed a decrease in steady-state lactate to water ratios (5.4 +/- 1.6 to 0.6 +/- 0.5, p < 0.05) and an increase in Gd-DTPA uptake kinetics following treatment response. The data indicate that decreases in lactate result from decreased glycolytic metabolism and an increase in tumor perfusion/permeability. Perchloric acid extracts confirmed the lower lactate levels seen in vivo in treated tumors and also indicated a higher glycerophosphocholine/phosphocholine (GPC/PC) integrated intensity ratio (1.39 +/- 0.09 vs 0.97 +/- 0.04, p < 0.01), indicative of increased membrane degradation following Cp treatment. Steady-state lactate levels provide metabolic information that correlates with changes in tumor physiology measured by Gd-DTPA uptake kinetics with high spatial and temporal resolution. Both of these parameters may be useful for monitoring early tumor response to therapy.
Structure and chemistry of surface-doped Pt:SnO2 gas sensing materials (2016)

The structure and sensitization mechanism of surface-doped Pt:SnO<sub>2</sub> was studied by state of the art operando spectroscopic methods, namely XAS and DRIFTS. The obtained results are discussed in the context of related Pt:SnO<sub>2</sub> materials.
2-(4-Acetyl-2-nitrophenyl)ethyl: A New Base-Labile Carboxyl Protecting Group (1993)

A new base-labile carboxyl protecting group, the 2-(4-acetyl-2-nitrophenyl)ethyl (Anpe) group is reported and compared with other base-labile protecting groups. The synthesis of the alcohol precursor, 1-[4-(2-hydroxyethyl)-3-nitrophenyl]-1-ethanone, the amino acid derivatives Boc-Asp(Anpe)-OH and Boc-Glu(Anpe)-OH and the conditions under which the carboxyl protecting group can be eliminated are also described.
Apoptotic endonuclease EndoG induces alternative splicing of telomerase catalytic subunit hTERT and death of tumor cells (2016)

Telomerase activity is known to be regulated by alternative splicing of its catalytic subunit hTERT (human Telomerase Reverse Transcriptase) mRNA. Induction of non-active spliced hTERT leads to inhibition of telomerase activity. However, very little is known about the mechanism of hTERT mRNA alternative splicing. The aim of this study was to determine the role of apoptotic endonuclease EndoG in alternative splicing of hTERT and telomerase activity. Strong correlation was found between expression of EndoG and hTERT splice-variants in 12 colon cancer cell lines. Overexpression of EndoG in СаСо-2 cells downregulated the expression of active full-length hTERT variant and upregulated non-active spliced variant. Reduction of full-length hTERT caused downregulation of telomerase activity, dramatically shortening of telomeres length during cell divisions, converting cells to the replicative senescence state, activation of apoptosis and finally cell death. These data indicated the participation of EndoG in alternative splicing of mRNA of telomerase catalytic subunit, regulation of telomerase activity and cell fate.
Gut commensal microvesicles reproduce parent bacterial signals to host immune and enteric nervous systems (2014)

Ingestion of a commensal bacteria, Lactobacillus rhamnosus JB-1, has potent immunoregulatory effects, and changes nerve-dependent colon migrating motor complexes (MMCs), enteric nerve function, and behavior. How these alterations occur is unknown. JB-1 microvesicles (MVs) are enriched for heat shock protein components such as chaperonin 60 heat-shock protein isolated from Escherichia coli (GroEL) and reproduce regulatory and neuronal effects in vitro and in vivo. Ingested labeled MVs were detected in murine Peyer's patch (PP) dendritic cells (DCs) within 18 h. After 3 d, PP and mesenteric lymph node DCs assumed a regulatory phenotype and increased functional regulatory CD4(+)25(+)Foxp3+ T cells. JB-1, MVs, and GroEL similarly induced phenotypic change in cocultured DCs via multiple pathways including C-type lectin receptors specific intercellular adhesion molecule-3 grabbing non-integrin-related 1 and Dectin-1, as well as TLR-2 and -9. JB-1 and MVs also decreased the amplitude of neuronally dependent MMCs in an ex vivo model of peristalsis. Gut epithelial, but not direct neuronal application of, MVs, replicated functional effects of JB-1 on in situ patch-clamped enteric neurons. GroEL and anti-TLR-2 were without effect in this system, suggesting the importance of epithelium neuron signaling and discrimination between pathways for bacteria-neuron and -immune communication. Together these results offer a mechanistic explanation of how Gram-positive commensals and probiotics may influence the host's immune and nervous systems.
An adaptive probabilistic data-driven methodology for prognosis of the fatigue life of composite structures (2020)

Data driven probabilistic methodologies have found increasing use the last decade and provide a platform for the remaining useful life (RUL) prediction of composite structures utilizing health-monitoring data. Of particular interest is the RUL prediction of composite structures that either underperform or outperform due to unexpected phenomena that might occur during their service life. These composite structures are referred as outliers and the prediction of their RUL is a challenge. This study addresses this challenge by proposing a new data-driven model; the Adaptive Non-Homogenous Hidden Semi Markov Model (ANHHSMM), which is an extension of the NHHSMM. The ANHHSMM uses diagnostic measures, which are estimated based on the training and testing data, and it adapts the trained parameters of the NHHSMM. The training data set consists of acoustic emission data collected from open-hole carbon–epoxy specimens, subjected to fatigue loading, while the testing data set consists of acoustic emission data collected from specimens, subjected to fatigue and in-situ impact loading, which can be considered as an unseen event for the training process. ANHHSMM provides better predictions in comparison to the NHHSMM for all the cases, demonstrating its capability to adapt to unexpected phenomena and integrate unforeseen data to the prognostics course.
Metal-free synthesis of imino-disaccharides and calix-iminosugars by photoinduced radical thiol–ene coupling (TEC) (2020)

Radical thiol-ene coupling was exploited for the first time to prepare imino-disaccharides and multivalent iminosugars starting from sugar thiols and iminosugar alkenes or iminosugar thiols and tetra-allylated calixarene, respectively.
Probabilistic cell seeding and non-autofluorescent 3D-printed structures as scalable approach for multi-level co-culture modeling (2023)

To model complex biological tissue in vitro, a specific layout for the position and numbers of each cell type is necessary. Establishing such a layout requires manual cell placement in three dimensions (3D) with micrometric precision, which is complicated and time-consuming. Moreover, 3D printed materials used in compartmentalized microfluidic models are opaque or autofluorescent, hindering parallel optical readout and forcing serial characterization methods, such as patch-clamp probing. To address these limitations, we introduce a multi-level co-culture model realized using a parallel cell seeding strategy of human neurons and astrocytes on 3D structures printed with a commercially available non-autofluorescent resin at micrometer resolution. Using a two-step strategy based on probabilistic cell seeding, we demonstrate a human neuronal monoculture that forms networks on the 3D printed structure and can establish cell-projection contacts with an astrocytic-neuronal co-culture seeded on the glass substrate. The transparent and non-autofluorescent printed platform allows fluorescence-based immunocytochemistry and calcium imaging. This approach provides facile multi-level compartmentalization of different cell types and routes for pre-designed cell projection contacts, instrumental in studying complex tissue, such as the human brain.
Stacked PMOS clamps for high voltage power supply protection (2003)

Large PMOS FETs with multiple gates can be arranged to provide ESD protection to high voltage on-chip power supplies in submicron CMOS integrated circuits. These clamps divide the supply voltage among several gate oxides; the circuitry accompanying the large series FETs provides near-maximum gate drive during ESD for high pulsed current. Layouts are densely packed because minimum dimensions can be used and because no contact is needed between the stacked gates. The high voltage designs are extensions of the large PMOS FET ESD clamps and timed drive circuitry that are used to clamp ordinary on-chip power supply lines.
Lipid flippase dysfunction as a therapeutic target for endosomal anomalies in Alzheimer’s disease (2022)

Endosomal anomalies because of vesicular traffic impairment have been indicated as an early pathology of Alzheimer'| disease (AD). However, the mechanisms and therapeutic targets remain unclear. We previously reported that βCTF, one of the pathogenic metabolites of APP, interacts with TMEM30A. TMEM30A constitutes a lipid flippase with P4-ATPase and regulates vesicular trafficking through the asymmetric distribution of phospholipids. Therefore, the alteration of lipid flippase activity in AD pathology has got attention. Herein, we showed that the interaction between βCTF and TMEM30A suppresses the physiological formation and activity of lipid flippase in AD model cells, A7, and App<sup>NL-G-F/NL-G-F</sup> model mice. Furthermore, the T-RAP peptide derived from the βCTF binding site of TMEM30A improved endosomal anomalies, which could be a result of the restored lipid flippase activity. Our results provide insights into the mechanisms of vesicular traffic impairment and suggest a therapeutic target for AD.
Pathguide: a Pathway Resource List (2005)

Pathguide: the Pathway Resource List (http://pathguide.org) is a meta-database that provides an overview of more than 190 web-accessible biological pathway and network databases. These include databases on metabolic pathways, signaling pathways, transcription factor targets, gene regulatory networks, genetic interactions, protein-compound interactions, and protein-protein interactions. The listed databases are maintained by diverse groups in different locations and the information in them is derived either from the scientific literature or from systematic experiments. Pathguide is useful as a starting point for biological pathway analysis and for content aggregation in integrated biological information systems.
Faculty Opinions recommendation of Retinotopic order in the absence of axon competition. (2008)

The retinotectal projection has long been studied experimentally and theoretically, as a model for the formation of topographic brain maps. Neighbouring retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) project their axons to neighbouring positions in the optic tectum, thus re-establishing a continuous neural representation of visual space. Mapping along this axis requires chemorepellent signalling from tectal cells, expressing ephrin-A ligands, to retinal growth cones, expressing EphA receptors. High concentrations of ephrin A, increasing from anterior to posterior, prevent temporal axons from invading the posterior tectum. However, the force that drives nasal axons to extend past the anterior tectum and terminate in posterior regions remains to be identified. We tested whether axon-axon interactions, such as competition, are required for posterior tectum innervation. By transplanting blastomeres from a wild-type (WT) zebrafish into a lakritz (lak) mutant, which lacks all RGCs, we created chimaeras with eyes that contained single RGCs. These solitary RGCs often extended axons into the tectum, where they branched to form a terminal arbor. Here we show that the distal tips of these arbors were positioned at retinotopically appropriate positions, ruling out an essential role for competition in innervation of the ephrin-A-rich posterior tectum. However, solitary arbors were larger and more complex than under normal, crowded conditions, owing to a lack of pruning of proximal branches during refinement of the retinotectal projection. We conclude that dense innervation is not required for targeting of retinal axons within the zebrafish tectum but serves to restrict arbor size and shape. PMID: 18368050 Funding information This work was supported by: NEI NIH HHS, United States Grant ID: R01 EY012406-09 NEI NIH HHS, United States Grant ID: R01 EY013855-07 NEI NIH HHS, United States Grant ID: R01 EY013855-02 NEI NIH HHS, United States Grant ID: R01 EY012406-06A2 NEI NIH HHS, United States Grant ID: R01 EY013855-01A1 NEI NIH HHS, United States Grant ID: R01 EY013855-03 NEI NIH HHS, United States Grant ID: R01 EY013855 NEI NIH HHS, United States Grant ID: R01 EY013855-05 NEI NIH HHS, United States Grant ID: R01 EY012406-07 NEI NIH HHS, United States Grant ID: R01 EY013855-08 NEI NIH HHS, United States Grant ID: R01 EY013855-04 NEI NIH HHS, United States Grant ID: R01 EY013855-06 NEI NIH HHS, United States Grant ID: R01 EY012406-08 NEI NIH HHS, United States Grant ID: R01 EY012406 More Less keyboard_arrow_down
Multidocument summarization via information extraction (2001)

We present and evaluate the initial version of RIPTIDES, a system that combines information extraction, extraction-based summarization, and natural language generation to support user-directed multidocument summarization.
A novel guide device improves the accuracy of pedicle screw placement. (2015)

Pedicle screw placement in thoracic and lumbar spine is technically demanding and involves radiation exposure. Commercially available systems for pedicle screw insertion are expensive and cannot be widely used for those less-developed areas. The purpose of our study was to develop a simple guide device assisting pedicle screw placement and improving the accuracy in the operation. A simple guide device was developed with the aim of improving accuracy of pedicle screw technique based on anatomical structures of the spine. We retrospectively collected clinical data of 111 consecutive patients who received treatment of pedicle screw internal fixation between January 2013 and September 2014. In total, 518 screws were inserted by the same surgeon, among which 280 screws were implanted in 60 patients (33 males and 27 females) with conventional freehand technique and 238 screws were implanted in 51 patients (27 males and 24 females) using the guide device. According to postoperative CT evaluation, screws were classified into different grades and accuracy rates were compared between the two groups. A total of 518 screws were placed (238 in the guide group, 280 in the conventional group). No intra-operative or postoperative complications such as infection, vessel and nerve injuries occurred. After postoperative CT evaluation, 215 from guide group and 236 from the conventional group were classified in Grade 1. Only screws in Grade 1 were considered as accurate insertion. Thus, the accuracy rates were 84.3% for the conventional group and 90.3% for the guide group respectively. Through statistical test, there was significant difference in the accuracy rate between two groups. The simple guide device significantly improves the accuracy of pedicle screw placement. Combined with the advantage of cheapness, it can be widely used in spinal internal fixations, especially suitable for those inexperienced spine surgeons in less-developed areas.
Daily Evolution of the Insect Biomass Spectrum in an Agricultural Landscape Accessed with Lidar (2016)

We present measurements of atmospheric insect fauna intercepted by a static lidar transect over arable and pastoral land over one day. We observe nearly a quarter million of events which are calibrated to optical cross section. Biomass spectra are derived from the size distribution and presented against space and time. We discuss detection limits and instrument biasing, and we relate the insect observations to relevant ecological landscape features and land use. Future directions and improvements of the technique are also outlined.
Speeding Multicast by Acknowledgment Reduction Technique (SMART) (2011)

We present a novel feedback protocol for wireless broadcast networks that utilize linear network coding. We consider transmission of packets from one source to many receivers over a single-hop broadcast erasure channel. Our method utilizes a predictive model to request feedback only when the probability that all receivers have completed decoding is significant. In addition, our proposed NACK-based feedback mechanism enables all receivers to request, within a single time slot, the number of retransmissions needed for successful decoding. We present simulation results as well as analytical results that show the favorable scalability of our technique as the number of receivers, file size, and packet erasure probability increase. We also show the robustness of this scheme to uncertainty in the predictive model, including uncertainty in the number of receiving nodes and the packet erasure probability, as well as to losses of the feedback itself. Our scheme, SMART, is shown to perform nearly as well as an omniscient transmitter that requires no feedback. Furthermore, SMART, is shown to outperform current state of the art methods at any given erasure probability, file size, and numbers of receivers.
What are GANs?: Introducing Generative Adversarial Networks to Middle School Students (2021)

Applications of Generative Machine Learning techniques such as Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) are used to generate new instances of images, music, text, and videos. While GANs have now become commonplace on social media, a part of children’s lives, and have considerable ethical implications, existing K-12 AI education curricula do not include generative AI. We present a new module, “What are GANs?”, that teaches middle school students how GANs work and how they can create media using GANs. We developed an online, team-based game to simulate how GANs work. Students also interacted with up to four web tools that apply GANs to generate media. This module was piloted with 72 middle school students in a series of online workshops. We provide insight into student usage, understanding, and attitudes towards this lesson. Finally, we give suggestions for integrating this lesson into AI education curricula.
Comparison of haematological recovery times and supportive care requirements of autologous recovery phase peripheral blood stem cell transplants, autologous bone marrow transplants and allogeneic bone marrow transplants. (1992)

The haematological recovery time, infection rate and supportive care requirements of patients receiving recovery phase autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplants (APBSCT) (n = 38), autologous bone marrow transplants (autoBMT) (n = 13) and allogeneic bone marrow transplants (alloBMT) (n = 14) were compared with respect to the time post-transplant to reach 0.1, 0.5 and 2.0 x 10(9) neutrophils/l and 50 and 150 x 10(9) platelets/l, the length of hospitalization, fever and antibiotic use, the incidence of documented infection and the number of red cell and platelet transfusions. The APBSCT group had a significantly more rapid recovery of neutrophils and platelets and their supportive care requirements were significantly less than the autoBMT and the alloBMT groups. There was no difference between the latter two groups. The most significant variables contributing to the differences in haematological recovery times were the granulocyte-macrophage progenitor (CFU-GM) dose infused and, to a lesser extent, patient age. The APBSCT group received a higher CFU-GM dose of 87 +/- 12 x 10(4)/kg BW compared with 12 +/- 5 and 17 +/- 3 x 10(4)/kg BW in the autoBMT and the alloBMT groups, respectively (p = 0.0001). Patient age showed a negative correlation with the rate of recovery because the APBSCT group, which recovered faster was also older (48 +/- 2 years, compared with 33 +/- 3 and 31 +/- 2, respectively, p = 0.0001). On multivariate analysis, CFU-GM dose was the only variable to show a significant correlation with all the haematological recovery endpoints studied in these 65 patients.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
ChemInform Abstract: Design of Dual Acting Anticonvulsant‐Antimuscarinic Succinimide and Hydantoin Derivatives. (1997)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
4H-SiC p–i–n diodes grown by sublimation epitaxy in vacuum (SEV) and their application as microwave diodes (2008)

Sublimation epitaxy under vacuum (SEV) was investigated as a method for growing 4H-SiC epitaxial structures for p–i–n diode fabrication. The SEV-grown 4H-SiC material was investigated with scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), x-ray diffraction, photo-luminescence spectroscopy (PL), cathodo-luminescence (CL) spectroscopy, photocurrent method for carrier diffusion length determination, electro-luminescence microscopy (EL), deep level transient spectroscopy (DLTS), C–V profiling and Hall-effect measurements. When possible, the same investigation techniques were used in parallel with similar layers grown by chemical vapour deposition (CVD) epitaxy and the physical properties of the two kind of epitaxied layers were compared. p–i–n diodes were fabricated in parallel on SEV and CVD-grown layers and showed close electrical performances in dc mode in term of capacitance, resistance and transient time switching, despite the lower mobility and the diffusion length of the SEV-grown layers. X-band microwave switches based on the SEV-grown p–i–n diodes have been demonstrated with insertion loss lower than 4 dB and an isolation higher than 17 dB. These single-pole single-throw (SPST) switches were able to handle a pulsed power up to 1800 W in isolation mode, similar to the value obtained with switches incorporating diodes with CVD-grown layers.