gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Transparent Distributed Programming under Linux (2006)

Developing parallel and distributed programs is usually considered a hard task. One has to have a good understanding of the problem domain, as well as the target hardware, and map the problem to the available hardware resources. The resulting program is often hard to port to another system. The development and maintenance process may thus be costly and time-consuming. In this paper we propose giving priority to hiding the details of distributed programming behind normal data sharing and synchronisation mechanisms. The programs are thus written as if they are meant to be run on a single, parallel computer. The developers still have to divide the task and make sure that the problem is solved in parallel, but the details of data transfer and synchronisation over a network are hidden. The resulting programs can thus be developed on nondistributed, non-parallel environments, and then be run on a variety of distributed and/or parallel platforms. Though such programs may not be as optimised as programs written specifically for a distributed computer, the speedups in programming time and costs may offset the losses. In this paper we introduce Distributed Inter-Process Communication (DIPC), a heterogeneous distributed programming system that hides inside Linux’s kernel, traps access requests to System V IPC mechanisms (messages, semaphores and shared memories) and delegates them for execution on other computers as needed. The results are then handed back through the kernel to the calling process, which is unaware of any distributed activity. DIPC currently supports Intel, PowerPC, ALPHA, MIPS, SPARC and Motorola 68k processors.
Speed Estimation and Nonmatched Time-Varying Parameter Identification for a DC Motor With Hybrid Sliding-Mode Observer (2012)

In this paper, a hybrid sliding-mode observer is first proposed to identify a nonmatching time-varying parameter that affects the speed sensorless series dc motor through an unknown-state dependent vector. Based on the measurable current and input voltage, the unknown speed and nonmatching parameter can be accurately and robustly estimated without filtering effect in a well-controlled condition. The identified parameter is then used to enhance the speed estimation performance in the presence of external disturbance. The stability analyses for the proposed observers are given, and the results are experimentally tested on a series dc motor.
Anchimeric assistance to the anodic annellation of alkaloids (1975)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAnchimeric assistance to the anodic annellation of alkaloidsLarry L. Miller, Frank R. Stermitz, James Y. Becker, and Venkataraman RamachandranCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1975, 97, 10, 2922–2923Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1975Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1975https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00843a063https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00843a063research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views107Altmetric-Citations20LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Functional properties of neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in the chick retina during development (2005)

Acetylcholine (ACh) has been recognized for a long time as a major neurotransmitter in the retina, however, little is known about the contribution of acetylcholine receptors in synaptic processing. Moreover, even less information is available concerning their role during development. To address this question further, we examined the physiological and pharmacological properties of neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) in retinal ganglion cells from embryonic (E) 12-18-day-old Leghorn chicks. Patch-clamp recordings in whole-cell configuration revealed that at E12 approximately 21% of the ganglion cells responded to acetylcholine pulses with inward currents. The number of responsive cells progressively increased to 57% at E15 to reach up to 15 positive cells out of 15 cells tested at E18. Acetylcholine-evoked responses could be subdivided, according to their time course, into fast and slowly desensitizing. Taking advantage of the selectivity of the frog toxin epibatidine (Epi), that preferentially activates heteromeric neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, we compared the currents evoked by this toxin vs. the effects of acetylcholine. A further characterization of the receptor diversity during development was to assess their sensitivity to the alpha-conotoxin MII (alpha-CTX-MII), which has been shown to preferentially block alpha6- and alpha3beta2-containing receptors. These data demonstrate that ganglion cells of the chick retina express multiple receptor subtypes that progressively develop as a function of retina maturation.
Enhancement and Fusion of Multi-Scale Feature Maps for Small Object Detection (2020)

In recent years, deep convolutional neural networks have made breakthrough progress in object recognition and object detection tasks in the field of computer vision, and have achieved great results both in accuracy and speed. However, the detection of small objects is still difficult in the field of object detection, and the accuracy on the common dataset MS COCO is very low. This paper briefly reviews some work in multi-scale object detection algorithms, and then proposes a method of feature enhancement and fusion based on multi-scale feature maps, improving detection accuracy of small objects on MS COCO.
Highly accelerated Point-Spread Function mapping based on Finite Rate of Innovation for EPI distortion correction (2014)

Hybrid MR-PET scans enable acquisition of both types of images within a session. Despite consistent subject positioning, image alignment can still be challenging. Functional MR images rely on echo-planar imaging (EPI) and present geometric distortions due to static B0 field inhomogeneities. Direct B0 [1] and Point Spread Function (PSF) mapping [2] (Figure ​(Figure1)1) have been proposed for distortion correction. The PSF method is more robust [3], but acquisition times are long even with previous acceleration approaches [4–7].



Figure 1

The PSF mapping sequence is repeated while varying the amplitude of the prewinder phase encode gradient (in red).



We used the Finite Rate of Innovation (FRI) framework [8, 9] to detect the PSF peak position to sub-pixel precision using as few ks samples as possible.

Images were acquired on a 3.0T Philips Achieva: 2.5×2.5×4.0 mm3, matrix 96×95, 95 ks steps with under-sampling retrospectively performed. PSF peak position was estimated using both the fully-sampled (zero-filled by a factor of 1000) and highly-undersampled data.

To determine the PSF peak location, pattern matching was performed. The signal measured at each spatial location was compared to a predicted signal pattern accounting for the ks sampling scheme and the search progressively refined up to the intended precision. EPI images were undistorted as in [10].

Figure ​Figure22 shows example PSF peak shift maps (relative to expected undistorted positions). Figure ​Figure3A3A shows the original EPI slice matching Figure ​Figure2,2, and Figures 3B-E show the corrected images using each displacement map. Comparison with the GE image (Figure ​(Figure3F)3F) confirms accurate geometrical corrections.



Figure 2

Maps of the PSF shifts (in pixels) estimated with: A0 2; B) 3; C) 4; D) all 95 ks 





Figure 3

EPI image (with corresponding outer contour in yellow); Undistorted EPI images estimating the displacement field from: B) 2; C) 3; D) 4 and E) all 95 ks samples and F) GE image (corresponding outer contour in yellow propagated to all undistorted EPI images) ...



Using the proposed approach the position of the PSF peak can be estimated from a very small number of samples. In the future distortion map estimation could easily be incorporated into standard preparation phases. Making distortion correction of EPI images more practical would facilitate combining functional PET and MR information as well as structural connectivity information from diffusion-weighted MR images.
693. Condensation aliphatischer Nitrokörper mit aromatischen Aldehyden durch organische Basen (1904)

Friiber schon wurden aromatiscbe Aldehyde mit aliphatischen
RESPIRATORY VIRAL INFECTIONS IN CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS WITH HEMATOLOGICAL MALIGNANCIES (2019)

A multiplex PCR test should be considered for RVI diagnosis in immunocompromised children and adolescents with respiratory symptoms, especially in those with rhinorrhea or sputum prominent over a cough. The early application of the PCR test in patients with uncontrolled underlying malignancies may improve outcomes.
Exploding misconceptions: Developing a culture of safety through learner driven activities (2016)

On the first day of class, many students enter freshman laboratory courses with an opinion that someone else will provide them with everything they need; a mentality often carried over into future courses and workplaces. This presumption causes frustration and unrealistic expectations when not addressed. On the contrary, a first activity of designing a safety contract, continued with an SDS activity, and reinforced by a strict wardrobe expectation refutes the misconception that instructors will hand answers to learners. Rather than providing answers for students, the program provides opportunities to construct appropriate tools establishing individual responsibility, teamwork, and research to develop a culture of safety in the lab. This communication describes safety activities that guide student choices to enhance the culture of safety at Missouri University of Science and Technology (Rolla, MO), State Fair Community College (Sedalia, MO), and Sacred Heart High School (Sedalia, MO).
Sociofonologia dell'arabo. Dalla ricerca empirica al riconoscimento del parlante (2010)

Il presente lavoro riassume una ricerca che prende le mosse dai dati che la linguistica e in particolare la dialettologia mettono a disposizione del ricercatore per possibili applicazioni di tipo tecnologico, coniugando pertanto filoni di studio maggiormente umanistici con risvolti applicativi pratici. &#13;\nIl filone di ricerca umanistico è rappresentato dall'analisi dialettologica, fonetica e fonologica di alcune varietà dell'arabo; quello applicativo dallo studio di tecniche di ‘riconoscimento del parlante', utilizzate soprattutto in ambito forense per l'acquisizione di quella che più volte ha preso il nome di ‘impronta vocale', intesa come uno degli elementi a carico di un imputato in un processo.
Mode selection rules for device-to-device communication: Design criteria and performance metrics (2013)

Device to device (D2D) communications enable mobile devices to directly communicate with each other when they are relatively close to each other. We consider the selection of direct or indirect communication path via the base station for D2D communications. Referring to this as the mode selection problem, in this paper we define mode selection rules based on channel capacity, SNR and distance. We also define associated performance metrics by modeling the mode selection problem as a hypothesis test with Gaussian distribution. Furthermore we provide the analytical expressions for correct detection, false alarm, and missed detection probabilities. Our results of the proposed framework can provide sufficient insight about the expected performances through the used mode selection rule for D2D communications.
The Development of Plant Leaves (2003)

Most leaves appear simple at first sight and they consist of only a few cell types. Despite that, many developmental processes are involved in leaf ontogeny, including positioning and initiation of leaf primordia, specification of leaf identity, establishment of dorsiventrality, the control of cell
Property-Directed Synthesis (1991)

The ferrocene subunit has been used in the design and production of a family of small molecule receptors that have a molecular cleft which varies in size, shape, and electron richness. The criteria considered in their design and some aspects of their syntheses are discussed. 1. Introduction 2. A Family of Novel Structures Based upon Ferrocene 3. Small Molecule Complexing Systems 4. Ferrocene as a Small-Molecule Receptor Building Block 5. Selecting the Spacer Group 6. Synthetic Access 7. Binding Studies 8. Conclusions
Real-Time Delay Estimation in Overloaded Multiserver Queues with Abandonments (2009)

We use heavy-traffic limits and computer simulation to study the performance of alternative real-time delay estimators in the overloaded GI/GI/s+GI multiserver queueing model, allowing customer abandonment. These delay estimates may be used to make delay announcements in call centers and related service systems. We characterize performance by the expected mean squared error in steady state. We exploit established approximations for performance measures with a nonexponential abandonment-time distribution to obtain new delay estimators that effectively cope with nonexponential abandonment-time distributions.
Landslide Hazard Assessment Based on Fuzzy Synthesis Judgment and Geographic Information System (2013)

Taking Ganxigou valley in Sichuan Province as example, where earthquake occurred at 14:20 on May 12th, 2008, slope, aspect, elevation, river distribution, lithology, faultage, and highway distribution are selected to assess landslide risk after earthquake. The fuzzy synthesis judgment way is applied to evaluation, and GIS is effectively adopted in picking up value and making chart. Through verification, these evaluation systems are viable.
Linear Algebra: A Geometric Approach (2001)

Linear algebra a geometric approach , Linear algebra a geometric approach , مرکز فناوری اطلاعات و اطلاع رسانی کشاورزی
Alcohol-induced One-carbon Metabolism Impairment Promotes Dysfunction of DNA Base Excision Repair in Adult Brain (2012)

The brain is one of the major targets of chronic alcohol abuse. Yet the fundamental mechanisms underlying alcohol-mediated brain damage remain unclear. The products of alcohol metabolism cause DNA damage, which in conditions of DNA repair dysfunction leads to genomic instability and neural death. We propose that one-carbon metabolism (OCM) impairment associated with long term chronic ethanol intake is a key factor in ethanol-induced neurotoxicity, because OCM provides cells with DNA precursors for DNA repair and methyl groups for DNA methylation, both critical for genomic stability. Using histological (immunohistochemistry and stereological counting) and biochemical assays, we show that 3-week chronic exposure of adult mice to 5% ethanol (Lieber-Decarli diet) results in increased DNA damage, reduced DNA repair, and neuronal death in the brain. These were concomitant with compromised OCM, as evidenced by elevated homocysteine, a marker of OCM dysfunction. We conclude that OCM dysfunction plays a causal role in alcohol-induced genomic instability in the brain because OCM status determines the alcohol effect on DNA damage/repair and genomic stability. Short ethanol exposure, which did not disturb OCM, also did not affect the response to DNA damage, whereas additional OCM disturbance induced by deficiency in a key OCM enzyme, methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) in Mthfr(+/-) mice, exaggerated the ethanol effect on DNA repair. Thus, the impact of long term ethanol exposure on DNA repair and genomic stability in the brain results from OCM dysfunction, and MTHFR mutations such as Mthfr 677C→T, common in human population, may exaggerate the adverse effects of ethanol on the brain.
Spectral lines: Publication policies (1981)

In the August issue we discussed the peer review process as it is conducted by the various Transactions of the IEEE. In this column we will address the policies of those same publications regarding prior presentation or publication of papers that are submitted to them.
DDD-based symbolic sensitivity analysis of active filters (2012)

Sensitivity analysis helps circuit designers to determine boundaries to predict the variations that a particular design variable will generate in a target specification, if it differs from what is previously assumed. It is quite important in designing active filters, but the major drawback is the need of generating the symbolic transfer function, from which the normalized sensitivity formula is usually applied. In this paper we show the usefulness of applying determinant decision diagrams (DDDs), to compute sensitivities without generating the symbolic transfer function, previously. Basically, we propose replacing all symbols in the DDD graph by their numerical values, except one, i.e. the variable of interest. Therefore, all sensitivities are computed by applying Cramer's rule and by constructing one DDD for each symbol. We demonstrate the computing time gain compared to generating the fully symbolic transfer function and then applying the normalized sensitivity formula.
Pharmacokinetic Interactions of Progabide with Other Antiepileptic Drugs (1987)

The influence of progabide, a new antiepileptic drug, on the pharmacokinetic profiles of phenobarbital, phenytoin, carbamazepine, and valproic acid was evaluated in four separate studies, each including six young healthy volunteers. The pharmacokinetic parameters of the associated antiepileptic drugs were measured before and after repeated administration of progabide (600 mg t.i.d.) for 15 days. A significant reduction of the total body clearance of both phenytoin and phenobarbital and a higher Cmax value of carbamazepine epoxide and phenobarbital were observed. No modifications were noticed for the kinetic profiles of carbamazepine and valproic acid. These modifications may be of clinical relevance and suggest that, as a general rule, when progabide is added to an established treatment with phenobarbital or phenytoin or carbamazepine, an adjustment of previous posology may be necessary.
Multiloop Control of a Pilot-Scale Membrane System for Gas Separations (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMultiloop Control of a Pilot-Scale Membrane System for Gas SeparationsMichael A. Henson and William J. KorosCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 1994, 33, 8, 1901–1907Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie00032a004https://doi.org/10.1021/ie00032a004research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views112Altmetric-Citations2LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Controlled Transdermal Delivery of Fentanyl: Characterizations of Pressure-Sensitive Adhesives for Matrix Patch Design (1996)

Transdermal delivery of fentanyl from various adhesive matrix formulations to achieve a steady-state skin flux was investigated. For this purpose, various pressure-sensitive adhesives selected from the three chemical classes of polymers (polyisobutylene (PIB), acrylate, and silicone adhesives) were characterized with respect to fentanyl's solubility, diffusion coefficient, and permeability coefficient. The solubility of fentanyl in various pressure-sensitive adhesives at 32 degrees C was determined by the drug absorption-desorption method. The solubilities of fentanyl in these adhesives were in the following order: acrylate > silicones > PIB. The permeability coefficient and diffusion coefficient of fentanyl in these adhesives were determined by the membrane diffusion method. The diffusion coefficient rank order was silicone-2920 > silicone-2675 > or = acrylate > PIB. The release profiles of fentanyl in the aqueous buffer from these adhesives with 2-4% drug loading was evaluated. The release rate of fentanyl from the acrylate polymer was significantly higher than those of silicone and PIB adhesives. The in vitro flux of fentanyl through cadaver skin from various adhesives with 2% drug loading was determined at 32 degrees C using modified Franz diffusion cells. The skin fluxes of fentanyl from silicone-2920 and PIB adhesives were 6.3 +/- 0.7 and 3.1 +/- 0.3 micrograms/cm2/h, respectively. On the other hand, the skin fluxes of fentanyl from acrylate and silicone-2675 adhesive matrices were about 1 microgram/cm2/h. The effect of drug loading on skin flux was investigated using PIB as a model adhesive. The drug released in the phosphate buffer (pH = 6.0) increased linearly as the drug loading in the PIB was increased from 1% to 4%; and as the drug loading exceeded 4%, an initial burst effect followed by a zero-order release was observed. The skin flux of fentanyl increased proportionally as the drug loading in the PIB adhesive was increased from 1 to 4%, and a plateau was reached beyond 4% drug loading. These results suggest that fentanyl concentration in the PIB adhesive might have reached saturation above 4% drug loading and that the optimum skin flux was accomplished from such a system because of attainment of maximum thermodynamic activity.
An initiation codon mutation in CD18 in association with the moderate phenotype of leukocyte adhesion deficiency. (1992)

Leukocyte adhesion deficiency (LAD) is an autosomal recessive disease caused by mutations in the CD18 gene which codes for the beta 2 integrin subunit. We studied two patients, the first of which had a moderate LAD phenotype and expressed only 9% of CD11/CD18 on blood leukocytes. RNA from lymphoblasts was reverse-transcribed, and the cDNA was amplified, cloned, and sequenced. An ATG to AAG alteration in the initiation codon was detected in 39 of 45 (87%) cDNA clones. This mutation was detected in the father, but not in the mother. The maternal defect was shown to be a frameshift mutation with the deletion of a single T in the aspartic acid codon at position 690 (GAT), 11 amino acids N-terminal to the beginning of the transmembrane domain. This mutation predicts a polypeptide which would terminate without transmembrane or cytoplasmic domains. The frameshift mutation was also found in the second patient who had the severe phenotype of LAD (less than 1% of CD11/CD18), indicating that this allele does not encode a functional protein. The partial expression in the patient with a moderate phenotype must be derived from the initiation codon mutation and may be due to a low level of initiation of translation of the CD18 mRNA at the second codon (CUG).