gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Diastereoselective Reduction of Bicyclic ‐Enamino Carbonyl Piperidines – Application to the Total Synthesis of (–)‐Deoxocassine (2006)

Abstract The chemo‐ and diastereoselective reduction of chiral piperidine β‐enamino esters 4 and 6 and β‐enamino ketones 5 and 7 was studied and found to afford 2,3‐ or 2,3,6‐substituted piperidines. This approach was successfully applied to the total synthesis of (–)‐deoxocassine. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH &amp; Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2007)
CALISTE 64, an innovative CdTe hard X-Ray micro-camera (2007)

In the frame of the hard X-ray simbol-X observatory, a joint CNES-ASI space mission to be flown in 2013, a prototype of miniature camera equipped with 64 pixels has been designed. The device, called CALISTE 64, is a spectro- imager with high resolution event time-tagging capability. CALISTE 64 integrates a CdTe semiconductor detector with segmented electrode and its front-end electronics made of 64 independent analogue readout channels. This 10times10times18 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> camera, able to detect photons in the range from 2 keV up to 250 keV, is an elementary detection unit juxtaposable on its four sides. Consequently, large detector array can be made assembling a mosaic of CALISTE 64 units. Electronics readout module is achieved by stacking four IDeF-X V1.1 ASICs in a 3D-module, perpendicular to the detection plane. We achieved good noise performances, with an equivalent noise charge better than 60 electrons rms in average. We choose CdTe detectors equipped with aluminum Schottky barrier contacts because of their very low dark current and excellent spectroscopic performances. The first integrated CALISTE 64 camera was realized and tested. The device operates properly and all the 64 pixels show good spectra. When the crystal is cooled down to -10degC and biased at -400 V, the resulting sum spectrum shows a spectral resolution of 697 eV FWHM at 13.9 keV and 808 eV FWHM at 59.54 keV. This paper presents the CALISTE 64 design and preliminary performance test results.
<title>OH radical detection in an optical engine</title> (1993)

Two-dimensional laser induced fluorescence of OH radicals is used to image flames in an optically accessible internal combustion engine. The two-dimensional plane is defined by forming the input XeCl excimer laser into a vertical sheet at the center of the combustion chamber. Nonconsecutive chemiluminescence and laser induced fluorescence images were observed at different delay times after the spark. The chemiluminescence images correlated well with the laser induced fluorescence images. A highly wrinkled turbulent flame in a tumble flow field as well as large cyclic variations in flame growth were observed in laser induced fluorescence images.
Evidence that β-Galactosidase of Sulfolobus solfataricus Is Only One of Several Activities of a Thermostable β- d -Glycosidase (1991)

A survey of Sulfolobus isolates showed all to contain thermostable enzyme activities hydrolyzing various glycosidic compounds. Of those not previously reported, the beta-glucosidase activity of Sulfolobus solfataricus isolate P2 was chosen for further study and found to have the same kinetics of inactivation, apparent molecular weight, and many (though not all) other biochemical properties of the beta-galactosidase also present in this strain. The two activities copurified approximately 850-fold to apparent homogeneity. The enzyme, whose subunit M(r) was estimated to be 60,000 to 65,000 by gel permeation chromatography of the active enzyme and 70,000 by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the denatured form, hydrolyzed a variety of low-molecular-weight, beta-linked glycosides and could account for most of the corresponding activities found in crude extract. Kinetic analyses indicated that chromogenic beta-d-galactosides and beta-d-glucosides are hydrolyzed at a common active site and that beta-glucosides and beta-fucosides represent the preferred substrates. The liberation of aglycone from aryl beta-d-glucosides was stimulated by alcohols in a manner suggesting specific interaction between alcohol and enzyme.
Effect of the same mechanical loading on osteogenesis and osteoclastogenesis in vitro (2015)

The results demonstrated that 1000 μs cyclic mechanical loading enhanced osteoblasts activity, promoted osteoblastic differentiation of BMSCs and restrained osteoclastogenesis of RAW264.7 cells in vitro.
A High Speed Fiber Optic Switched Network (1990)

A high speed serial fiber optic switched network is described which is intended for such applications as sensor/signal processor or computer interconnects. Communication is completely asynchronous and any channel may be operated at any data rate up to 1 Gb/s. The network is based on a gallium arsenide electronic crossbar switch, a common network interface for each node, and commercial optical data links. To implement the network interface function, an ASIC chip which will contain both an encoder and decoder section has been designed and is being fabricated in gallium arsenide. The encoder will accept 8- or 16-bit parallel words at any data rate up to 1 Gb/s and encode them into a 4B5B serial bit stream. The decoder reverses this process so that the network is completely transparent to the user. Handshake protocol is via a simple DATA READY/ACKNOWLEDGE scheme and the network interface may also transmit a small number of command words.
A beneficial aspect of a CB1 cannabinoid receptor antagonist: SR141716A is a potent inhibitor of macrophage infection by the intracellular pathogen Brucella suis (2000)

The psychoactive component of marijuana, delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) suppresses different functions of immunocytes, including the antimicrobicidal activity of macrophages. The triggering of cannabinoid receptors of CB1 and CB2 subtypes present on leukocytes may account for these effects. We investigated the influence of specific CB1 or CB2 receptor antagonists (SR141716A and SR144528, respectively) and nonselective CB1/CB2 cannabinoid receptor agonists (CP55,940 or WIN 55212-2) on macrophage infection by Brucella suis, an intracellular gram-negative bacteria. None of the compounds tested affected bacterial phagocytosis. By contrast, the intracellular multiplication of Brucella was dose-dependently inhibited in cells treated with 10-500 nM SR141716A and 1 microM SR141716A-induced cells exerted a potent microbicidal effect against the bacteria. SR144528, CP55,940, or WIN 55212-2 did not affect (or slightly potentiated) the growth of phagocytized bacteria. However, CP55,940 or WIN 55212-2 reversed the SR141716A-mediated effect, which strongly suggested an involvement of macrophage CB1 receptors in the phenomenon. SR141716A was able to pre-activate macrophages and to trigger an activation signal that inhibited Brucella development. The participation of endogenous cannabinoid ligand(s) in Brucella infection was discussed. Finally, our data show that SR141716A up-regulates the antimicrobial properties of macrophages in vitro and might be a pharmaceutical compound useful for counteracting the development of intramacrophagic gram-negative bacteria.
2-Heptyl-4-hydroxyquinoline N-oxide, an antistaphylococcal agent produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa (1992)

Clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa produce low molecular weight, hydrophobic substances which inhibit the growth of Staphylococcus aureus and other Gram-positive organisms. The active substances have been purified from a culture of P. aeruginosa and characterized as a mixture of 2-heptyl-4-hydroxyquinoline N-oxide and its homologues. The alkyl-hydroxyquinolines (derived through reduction of the N-oxide) were also produced by P. aeruginosa cultures but, in general, were less active against S. aureus. 2-Heptyl-4-hydroxyquinoline was identified in a sample of human bronchial secretions from a patient with cystic fibrosis who was heavily colonized with P. aeruginosa. Production of antibacterial alkyl-hydroxyquinoline N-oxides in human lung may explain the observation that the presence of P. aeruginosa in the sputum of patients with cystic fibrosis is correlated with the absence of S. aureus.
Field-dependent ionisation potential by constrained density functional theory (2013)

Constrained density functional theory is used in a novel approach to calculate the vertical ionisation potential in an electric field up to 30 MV/cm for water, ethane and ethene. Two density functionals, the Becke, three-parameter, Lee–Yang–Parr functional (B3LYP) and the B3LYP functional modified by the Coulomb-attenuating method (CAM-B3LYP), and two basis sets, cc-pVTZ and aug-cc-pVTZ are employed and compared with an earlier study using a point-charge approach. It is found that the field-dependent ionisation potential obtained from constrained density functional theory is in good agreement with the previous work. Furthermore, the results for the two density functionals are close to each other and the effect of augmentation of the basis set is small for the field-dependent ionisation potential. Limitations of the methodology at high electric fields are discussed. The method presented here demonstrates how constrained density functional theory can be used in general to study molecule–electron interactions.
A critical review of corrosion phenomena in microelectronic systems (2014)

In general corrosion is one of the most critical aspects for long term reliability. Most of the accelerated tests are not taken this aspect into account. Especially applications in the power electronics field imply some of the harshest environmental conditons for electrical components. To protect these systems typically polymers are being used for the packaging. This is not a hermetic sealing method, but it provides a sufficient housing for most of the applications being a small sized and very low cost package. Polymeric materials are prone to leakage and permeation of moisture and corrosive gases into package which could damage the dies, wires, bond pads, lead frames and solder joints. Therefore, corrosion is a long-term issue in microelectronic packages and is related to the whole system. This paper gives an overview of corrosion induced degradation of microelectronic packages and presents a measurement principle to characterize the protection efficiency of encapsulation layers by an electrochemical measuremnt.
Vinylcyclopropane [3+2] Cycloaddition with Acetylenic Sulfones Based on Visible Light Photocatalysis (2021)

We describe the first intermolecular visible light [3+2] cycloaddition reaction being performed on a meta photocycloadduct employing acetylenic sulfones. The developed methodology exploits the advantages of combining UV and Visible light in a two-step sequence that provides a photogenerated cyclopropane which, through a strain-release process, generates a new cyclopentane ring while increasing significally the molecular complexity. This strategy could be extended to simpler vinylcyclopropanes.
Application of age-structured production models to assess oyster Striostrea margaritacea populations managed by rotational harvesting in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa (2008)

Abstract de Bruyn, P. A., Moloney, C. L., and Schleyer, M. H. 2009. Application of age-structured production models to assess oyster Striostrea margaritacea populations managed by rotational harvesting in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. – ICES Journal of Masrine Science, 66: 408–419. Oysters have been harvested in KwaZulu-Natal for more than a century, by both commercial and recreational users. However, management of the resource has been based on ad hoc measures rather than quantitative, defensible management plans. Early in the history of the fishery, a rotational harvesting strategy was employed, but it has changed over time. At present, there are 10 management zones, each fished 2 years out of five, and recreational harvesting is allowed in the year preceding commercial harvesting. To assess the status of the oyster resource as well as the historical levels of exploitation, age-structured production models were applied to the oyster populations in the five North Coast management zones. The model fits to the observed data were good. Oyster abundance differed among zones, with the lowest abundance in the two most northern zones. As these zones had only recently been established, however, the paucity of data renders their assessments uncertain. The southernmost zone had the greatest oyster abundance. The benefits of rotational harvesting were demonstrated by the model outputs, which showed rapid population recovery during fallow years, suggesting sustainability of the resource. It is recommended that rotational harvesting continues to be used to manage oysters in KwaZulu-Natal.
Hydrophobicity and Nanotribological Properties of Silicon Channels coated by Diamond-like Carbon Films (2009)

This paper reports an investigation on nanotribological properties of silicon nanochannels coated by a diamond-like carbon (DLC) film. The nanochannels were fabricated on Si (100) wafers by using photolithography and reactive ion etching (RIE) techniques. The channeled surfaces (Si channels) were then further modified by coating thin DLC film. Water contact angle of the modified and unmodified Si surfaces was examined by an anglemeter using the sessile-drop method. Nanotribological properties, namely friction and adhesion forces, of the Si channels coated with DLC (DLC-coated Si channels) were investigated in comparison with those of the flat Si, DLC-coated flat Si (flat DLC), and Si channels, using an atomic force microscope (AFM). Results showed that the DLC-coated Si channels greatly increased hydrophobicity of silicon surfaces. The DLC coating and Si channels themselves individually reduced adhesion and friction forces of the flat Si. Further, the DLCcoated Si channels exhibited the lowest values of these forces, owing to the combined effect of reduced contact area through the channeling and low surface energy of the DLC. This combined modification could prove a promising method for tribological applications at small scales.
Uracil-DNA Glycosylase Assay by Matrix-assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Time-of-flight Mass Spectrometry Analysis (2022)

Uracil-DNA glycosylase (UDG) is a key component in the base excision repair pathway for the correction of uracil formed from hydrolytic deamination of cytosine. Thus, it is crucial for genome integrity maintenance. A highly specific, non-labeled, non-radio-isotopic method was developed to measure UDG activity. A synthetic DNA duplex containing a site-specific uracil was cleaved by UDG and then subjected to Matrix-assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) analysis. A protocol was established to preserve the apurinic/apyrimidinic site (AP) product in DNA without strand break. The change in the m/z value from the substrate to the product was used to evaluate uracil hydrolysis by UDG. A G:U substrate was used for UDG kinetic analysis yielding the Km = 50 nM, Vmax = 0.98 nM/s, and Kcat = 9.31 s<sup>-1</sup>. Application of this method to a uracil glycosylase inhibitor (UGI) assay yielded an IC50 value of 7.6 pM. The UDG specificity using uracil at various positions within single-stranded and double-stranded DNA substrates demonstrated different cleavage efficiencies. Thus, this simple, rapid, and versatile MALDI-TOF MS method could be an excellent reference method for various monofunctional DNA glycosylases. It also has the potential as a tool for DNA glycosylase inhibitor screening.
SpinoTemplate: A Platform for MRI-Guided Spinal Cord Injections (2016)

Patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis have limited treatment options and a 20% survival rate within five years of diagnosis. Small animal models show promise for halting the associated neurodegeneration when cellular therapeutics are delivered to the ventral horn of the spinal cord. A template-based guidance system was developed to facilitate percutaneous injections under MRI guidance to improve upon existing invasive and time-consuming surgical techniques. Procedure duration was 30[Formula: see text]min plus 5[Formula: see text]min per insertion, with a mean error of [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]2[Formula: see text]mm.
Multi-Classifier Fusion Based Rate-Unknown Image Steganalysis (2014)

A rate-unknown image steganalysis scheme is proposed based on multiple-classifier fusion.Firstly,various classified results are acquired by using the multi-rate classifiers established in the training phase.Secondly,these classified results are converted to evidence and enhanced through introducing weighted coefficients which are acquired according to the missed detection rates and the false alarm rates of different classifiers.Finally,the decision is obtained by Dempster-Shafer(D-S)evidence theory based on weighted coefficients.The detection work is presented to attack LSB matching.Experimental results show that the proposed method improves detection accuracy.
Pigment Dyeing of Atmospheric Pressure Plasma-Treated Cotton Fabric (2018)

In this work, the effect of atmospheric pressure plasma treatment on improving the application of pigment dyeing in cotton was investigated. The colour-related properties such as (i) colour yield; (ii) colour levelness; (iii) crocking fastness; and (iv) dry-cleaning fastness of the pigment-dyed cotton fabric were determined and evaluated. Atmospheric pressure plasma under different combinations of operational parameters was used for treating 100% ready-for-dyeing cotton fabric. The atmospheric pressure plasma-treated cotton fabric was dyed with yellow pigment by the pad-dyeing method, and the pigment-dyeing solution concentrations were 1 g/L and 5 g/L. Experimental results revealed that colour yield of the yellow pigment-dyed cotton sample improved. The crocking and dry-cleaning fastness properties also improved. In addition, prediction model equations were developed for 1 g/L and 5 g/L pigment dyeing based on multiple linear regression, and the measured colour yield was close to the predicted colour yield.
Instructor attitudes towards e-learning agents using SEM analysis Statistical survey (2013)

The purpose of this paper is to explore instructors attitudes towards e-learning (electronic learning) agents in Al Quds Open University (QOU), there will be a space to recognize the applicable styles of the open learning tools in QOU, and to measure the trends of the instructors towards them.
A New Approach to an Accurate Wind Chill Factor (1999)

Abstract Winter weather often shows a severity marked by low dry-bulb temperature combined with high wind speed. The wind chill factor is now a standard meteorological term to express this severity. This factor, or more appropriately the wind chill temperature, represents that air temperature without wind that would effect the same heat loss rate from bare human skin as that due to the actual combined dry-bulb temperature and wind. Currently used wind chill factors derive from a study conducted by the U.S. Antarctic Service over 50 years ago. The data then collected was used to develop a cooling rate as a function of wind speed, which in turn was used to formulate an equation still in use today. The equation is based on primitive experiments with a container of freezing water and an unrealistically high human skin temperature. A more appropriate estimate of the thermal properties of the skin and implementation of modern heat transfer theory can provide a more realistic wind chill factor. Recent research s...
Advanced Torque Control of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor Using Finite Element Analysis Based Motor Model with a Real-time Simulator (2017)

This study proposes advanced torque control of permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSMs) using a finite element analysis (FEA) based motor model with a real-time simulator. This model can simulate the behavior of an actual motor including nonlinear characteristics such as spatial harmonics and magnet saturations. Therefore, model-based control with an FEA based motor model is advantageous for motor control. This study aims to achieve advanced motor control and drive techniques. In this study, high performance torque control techniques for PMSMs are proposed. The proposed torque control is developed based on direct torque control with torque prediction. This method can achieve fast response and smooth torque production. Its effectiveness is verified through simulations and experiments.
Comparison of Ossicular Replacement Materials in a Mouse Ear Model (1982)

Four biomaterials, UF45S5 Bioglass, Silastic, Plasti-Pore, and Proplast, were used to replace the incus in a mouse ear model. Bioglass, a bioactive glass ceramic, compared favorably with the other test materials in maintaining surgical positioning between malleus and stapes and remaining stable to a blast of nitrogen gas and to pick manipulation. In a short-term animal study, Bioglass showed histocompatibility comparable to that of these other implant materials now used in ossicular replacement surgery in humans.
Design of a fully-integrated BiCMOS/FBAR reconfigurable RF receiver front-end (2005)

This article presents guidelines to design a dual-standard fully-integrated RF receiver front-end (RFFE). The designed front-end consists of two system selection integrated FBAR filters, a dual-standard low-noise amplifier (LNA), an active single-to-differential converter (SDC) and I/Q downconversion mixers. The active blocks use the 0.25-mm 60-GHz fT SiGe:C BiCMOS7RF process from STMicroelectronics. The proposed RFFE is targeted to DCS1800 (1805-1880MHz) and W-CDMA-FDD (2110-2170MHz) wireless standards. The availability of integrated FBAR filters in BAW technology, compatible with the used BiCMOS process, enables a very compact solution through a module integration.
Two yeast chromosomes are related by a fossil duplication of their centromeric regions. (1993)

A 15 kbp fragment of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae genome was cloned and localised to the centromeric region of chromosome XIV by genetic linkage and DNA sequencing. It had a strong sequence similarity and a conserved gene linkage and transcriptional orientation relatively to the centromeric region of chromosome III, indicating a fossil interchromosomal duplication of several linked genes. On chromosome XIV, the duplicated fragment included the centromere, four genes (FUN34, CIT1 and two tDNAs), one open reading frame (DOM34) and a truncated delta element. Additional inserts bearing unique genes were present on the centromeric region of chromosome III. The level of silent substitutions indicated a relatively ancient genetic separation, pre-dating the emergence of S. cerevisiae and S. douglasii as distinct species. The ensuing evolution of the duplicated regions retained strict sequence identity for the two tDNAs pairs, but was partially divergent for CIT1 and FUN34, and generated a probable pseudogenic equivalent of DOM34 on chromosome III. Extant multigenic duplications of this type might play an important role in the evolution of eukaryotic genomes.