gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Self-powered wireless urinary-incontinence sensor determines time for diaper change from spacing between sensing signals (2016)

A self-powered wireless urinary-incontinence sensor system composed of a wireless sensor and a receiver has been developed that determines the time for a diaper change. To determine if the amount of urine in the diaper is large enough to require a change of diapers, the number of incidents and the amount of urine per incident are required. The urine-activated battery consists of two long flexible electrodes, one of activated carbon and the other of aluminum. They are placed under a piece of absorbent material, and this unit is embedded in a diaper. A prototype urinary-incontinence sensor system with the battery determined the amount of urine in a diaper from the spacing between the sensing signals with a resolution of 40 cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> and determined the time for a diaper change.
Short term postoperative tamponade using perfluorocarbon liquid for treatment of giant retinal tears (2013)

AIM: To investigate the efficacy and safety of perfluorocarbon liquid(PFCL)as a short term postoperative tamponade for treating retinal detachment associated with giant retinal tears. METHODS: Data was retrieved from the medical charts of patients who underwent vitrectomy from January 1998 to December 2010 at a single medical center. Success rates of retinal reattachment, visual outcome, and postoperative complications were compared between procedures with and without PFCL. RESULTS: At the end of surgery, all retinas were attached in the 22 eyes(21 patients)treated with PFCL and in the 14 eyes(14 patients)not treated with PFCL as temporary tamponade. Final reattachment rates were 81.8% and 42.9%, respectively(<i>P</i><0.05). Four eyes(18.2%)in the study group compared to 7 eyes(50%)in the control group developed severe proliferative vitreoretinopathy with persistent retinal detachment. Visual acuity was 6/12 or better in 73.3% of the study group and 26.7% of the control group, <i>P</i><0.05. Visual acuity improved in 50.0% of patients in the study group and 14.3% in the control group. Visual acuity worsened in 22.7% of the patients in the study group and 57.1% in the control group(<i>P</i>=0.054). CONCLUSION: Perfluorocarbon liquid appears safe and effective as a short term postoperative tamponade in the management of retinal detachment from giant retinal tears and in the prevention of proliferative vitreoretinopathy.
Effect of pH, Temperature, and Moisture on the Formation of Volatile Compounds in Glycine/Glucose Model Systems (2001)

Mixtures of glycine, glucose, and starch were extrusion cooked using sodium hydroxide at 0, 3, and 6 g/L of extruder water feed, 18% moisture, and 120, 150, and 180 degrees C target die temperatures, giving extrudates with pH values of 5.6, 6.8, and 7.4. Freeze-dried equimolar solutions of glucose and glycine were heated either dry or after equilibration to approximately 13% moisture at 180 degrees C in a reaction-tube system designed to mimic the heating profile in an extruder. Volatile compounds were isolated onto Tenax and analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. For the extrudates, total yields of volatiles increased with decreasing pH at 180 degrees C, reached a maximum at pH 6.8 at 150 degrees C, and increased with increasing pH at 120 degrees C. Amounts increased with temperature at all pH values. Pyrazines were the most abundant class for all sets of conditions (54-79% of total volatiles). Pyrroles, ketones, furans, oxazoles, and pyridines were also identified. Yields of volatiles from the reaction-tube samples increased by >60% in the moist system. Levels of individual classes also increased in the presence of moisture, except pyrazines, which decreased approximately 3.5-fold. Twenty-one of the compounds were common to the reaction-tube samples and the extrudates.
Preferential nuclear localization of the human papillomavirus type 16 E6 oncoprotein in cervical carcinoma cells (2003)

The E6 protein of the high-risk human papillomavirus type 16 (HPV-16) is involved in the tumorigenesis of human cervical cells by targeting numerous cellular proteins. We characterized new anti-E6 monoclonal antibodies and used them for precise localization of the E6 oncoprotein within carcinoma cells. Overexpressed E6 protein was predominantly detected in the nucleus of transiently transfected HaCaT cells. While mostly localized at the periphery of condensed chromatin, E6 was also associated with nuclear ribonucleoproteic ultrastructures and with some ribosomal areas in the cytoplasm of SiHa and CaSki cells. The chimeric beta-galactosidase-E6 protein expressed in transfected HeLa cells was essentially localized in the nuclear compartment. Together, these data indicate that the E6 sequence of HPV-16 may encode a nuclear localization signal. The preferential nuclear distribution of this viral oncoprotein in HPV-transformed cells correlates with its activities at the transcriptional level.
Contrasting trends of PM2.5 and surface-ozone concentrations in China from 2013 to 2017 (2020)

Although much attention has been paid to investigating and controlling air pollution in China, the trends of air-pollutant concentrations on a national scale have remained unclear. Here, we quantitatively investigated the variation of air pollutants in China using long-term comprehensive data sets from 2013 to 2017, during which Chinese government made major efforts to reduce anthropogenic emission in polluted regions. Our results show a significant decreasing trend in the PM<sub>2.5</sub> concentration in heavily polluted regions of eastern China, with an annual decrease of ∼7% compared with measurements in 2013. The measured decreased concentrations of SO<sub>2</sub>, NO<sub>2</sub> and CO (a proxy for anthropogenic volatile organic compounds) could explain a large fraction of the decreased PM<sub>2.5</sub> concentrations in different regions. As a consequence, the heavily polluted days decreased significantly in corresponding regions. Concentrations of organic aerosol, nitrate, sulfate, ammonium and chloride measured in urban Beijing revealed a remarkable reduction from 2013 to 2017, connecting the decreases in aerosol precursors with corresponding chemical components closely. However, surface-ozone concentrations showed increasing trends in most urban stations from 2013 to 2017, which indicates stronger photochemical pollution. The boundary-layer height in capital cities of eastern China showed no significant trends over the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei, Yangtze River Delta and Pearl River Delta regions from 2013 to 2017, which confirmed the reduction in anthropogenic emissions. Our results demonstrated that the Chinese government was successful in the reduction of particulate matter in urban areas from 2013 to 2017, although the ozone concentration has increased significantly, suggesting a more complex mechanism of improving Chinese air quality in the future.
Cysteinyl leukotriene signaling through perinuclear CysLT1 receptors on vascular smooth muscle cells transduces nuclear calcium signaling and alterations of gene expression (2012)

Leukotrienes are pro-inflammatory mediators that are locally produced in coronary atherosclerotic plaques. The response induced by cysteinyl leukotrienes (CysLT) in human coronary arteries may be altered under pathological conditions, such as atherosclerosis. The aim of the present study was to elucidate cysteinyl leukotriene signaling in vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs) and the effects of inflammation on this process. Immunohistochemical analysis of human carotid endarterectomy samples revealed that the CysLT(1) leukotriene receptor was expressed in areas that also stained positive for α-smooth muscle actin. In human coronary artery smooth muscle cells, lipopolysaccharide significantly upregulated the CysLT(1) receptor and significantly enhanced the changes in intracellular calcium induced by leukotriene C(4) (LTC(4)). In these cells, the CysLT(1) receptor exhibited a perinuclear expression, and LTC(4) stimulation predominantly enhanced nuclear calcium increase, which was significantly inhibited by the CysLT(1) receptor antagonist MK-571. Microarray analysis revealed, among a number of significantly upregulated genes after 24 h stimulation of human coronary artery smooth muscle cells with LTC(4), a 5-fold increase in mRNA levels for plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI)-2. The LTC(4)-induced increase in PAI-2 expression was confirmed by real-time quantitative PCR and ELISA and was inhibited by the CysLT(1) receptor antagonist MK-571 and by calcium chelators. In summary, pro-inflammatory stimulation of vascular SMCs upregulated a perinuclear CysLT(1) receptor expression coupled to nuclear calcium signaling and changes in gene expression, such as upregulation of PAI-2. Taken together, these findings suggest a role of nuclear CysLT(1) receptor signaling in vascular SMCs inducing gene expression patterns associated with atherosclerosis.
AdaMT-Net: An Adaptive Weight Learning Based Multi-Task Learning Model For Scene Understanding (2020)

We tackle the problem of deep end-to-end multi-task learning (MTL) for visual scene understanding from monocular images in this paper. It is proven that learning several related tasks together helps in attaining improved performance per-task than training them independently. This is due to the fact that related tasks share important feature characteristics among themselves, which the MTL techniques can effectively explore for improved joint training. Based on this premise, we are interested in generic to specific feature extraction given the different tasks within a common framework. To this end, we propose a typical U-Net based encoder-decoder architecture called AdaMT-Net, where the densely-connected deep convolutional neural network (CNN) based feature encoder is shared among the tasks while the soft-attention based task-specific decoder modules produce the desired outcomes. One major issue in MTL is to assign the weights for the task-specific loss-terms in the final cumulative optimization function. As opposed to the manual approach, we propose a novel adaptive weight learning strategy by carefully exploring the loss-gradients per-task over the training iterations. Experimental results on the benchmark CityScapes, NYUv2, and ISPRS datasets confirm that AdaMT-Net achieves state-of-the-art performance on most of the evaluation metrics.
Estudo do escoamento turbulento em um canal formado por dois discos paralelos em rotação (2002)

O escoamento entre dois discos em co-rotacao e investigado numericamente visando explorar suas caracteristicas turbulentas. O escoamento e caracterizado pelas duas componentes de velocidade principais, uma na direcao radial e outra na direcao tangencial aos discos. O escoamento, em regime permanente, isotermico e incompressivel, e modelado utilizando-se as equacoes de Navier-Stokes para os termos medios e a equacao da massa. O tensor de Reynolds e determinado utilizando-se do modelo k-e padrao e tambem do modelo de duas camadas. A solucao numerica e obtida utilizando-se da tecnica de volumes mitos implementada no pacote comercial Phoenics (V 2.1 de 1994). Neste estudo a vazao entre os discos e sua rotacao sao dados de entrada do modelo. Um estudo parametrico da variacao da vazao e da rotacao e conduzido visando obter sua influencia no campo medio das velocidades, pressao bem como nas propriedades turbulentas. O estudo parametrico mostra que a vazao e a rotacao imprimem comportamentos distintos nos campos medios de velocidade e pressao. Para rotacoes elevadas a velocidade radial proxima a parede aumenta e diminui proximo ao meio do canal. A pressao neste caso crescer proporcional com o quadrado da distância radial. Este tipo de comportamento e caracteristico de bombas centrifugas. Com vazoes elevadas, o sistema tende a se comportar como um difusor radial com a pressao tendendo a aumentar com o inverso do quadrado do raio. A velocidade radial apresenta um maximo no centro do canal. A componente tangencial da velocidade do fluido se comporta com rotacao de corpo rigido somente na parede dos discos, devido a condicao de nao-deslizamento imposta. Ela atinge aproximadamente 40% da velocidade rotacional dos discos no centro do canal 
Abstract
Heritability of anti‐predatory traits: vigilance and locomotor performance in marmots (2010)

Animals must allocate some proportion of their time to detecting predators. In birds and mammals, such anti-predator vigilance has been well studied, and we know that it may be influenced by a variety of intrinsic and extrinsic factors. Despite hundreds of studies focusing on vigilance and suggestions that there are individual differences in vigilance, there have been no prior studies examining its heritability in the field. Here, we present one of the first reports of (additive) genetic variation in vigilance. Using a restricted maximum likelihood procedure, we found that, in yellow-bellied marmots (Marmota flaviventris), the heritability of locomotor ability (h(2)=0.21), and especially vigilance (h(2) = 0.08), is low. These modest heritability estimates suggest great environmental variation or a history of directional selection eliminating genetic variation in these traits. We also found a significant phenotypic (r(P) = -0.09 +/- 0.04, P = 0.024) and a substantial, but not significant, genetic correlation (r(A) = -0.57 +/- 0.28, P = 0.082) between the two traits (slower animals are less vigilant while foraging). We found no evidence of differential survival or longevity associated with particular phenotypes of either trait. The genetic correlation may persist because of environmental heterogeneity and genotype-by-environment interactions maintaining the correlation, or because there are two ways to solve the problem of foraging in exposed areas: be very vigilant and rely on early detection coupled with speed to escape, or reduce vigilance to minimize time spent in an exposed location. Both strategies seem to be equally successful, and this 'locomotor ability-wariness' syndrome may therefore allow slow animals to compensate behaviourally for their impaired locomotor ability.
Recognition of CDMA signals with orthogonal codes using cyclostationarity (2005)

The concept of cyclostationarity can be used for recognition, extraction, and synchronization. A signal exhibits cyclostationarity if its cyclic autocorrelation function (CAF) is non-zero for a non-zero cyclic frequency. The CAF and cyclic frequencies differ from one signal to another depending on their characteristics such as carrier frequency and baud rate. Therefore, the property of cyclostationarity exhibited by modulated signals can be exploited for signal recognition, extraction, and synchronization. In this paper, we employ cyclostationarity for the recognition of CDMA signals that use orthogonal spreading codes. First, we derive an explicit formula for the CAF of such CDMA signals, and then demonstrate how the cyclostationarity in association with the chip rate decreases as the number of multiplexed codes increases. We also show that this cyclostationarity completely disappears if a scrambling code is used together with the spreading code. Furthermore, we consider two cases for enhancing the detection probability: i) the case of antenna diversity and ii) the case when multiple CDMA signals exist in different channels in the same frequency bands. Finally, computer simulations show that the detection probability of a CDMA signal can be improved in the above two cases.
Modelling corrosion initiation of steel in concrete (2007)

The main cause of corrosion initiation in steel reinforcement within concrete is the presence of chlorides above a threshold value. The primary source of chlorides is from the external environment, either from marine structures or de-icing salts. The most commonly used method of predicting or modelling chloride ingress is to use Fick's second law. Inevitably, there are significant variations involved in the positioning of the steel, the exposure conditions surrounding the concrete and the concrete itself. Due to the variability in chloride penetration and cover it is commonly found that the data will suggest that somewhere on the structure, chlorides have reached the depth of the steel. A single reinforcement bar with very low cover is, however, simple to address. It is more relevant to know when a significant proportion of the reinforcement is likely to become exposed to higher chloride concentrations. As structures are required to last for longer periods, and existing structures are reused for new purposes, the prediction of the likelihood of corrosion becomes more and more important. This paper presents two methodologies that may be applied to obtain a statistical assessment of chloride penetration from site data.
Evaluation of the performance correlated defects of metamorphic InGaAs photodetector structures through plane-view EBIC (2014)

To evaluate the performance correlated imperfection or defect features of metamorphic InGaAs photodetector structures, a scanning electron microscopy scheme including both plane-view electron beam induced current (EBIC) and secondary electron (SE) images have been used. The abilities, merits and limitations as well as some case-dependent properties of EBIC have been discussed in detail. The devices of similar structures grown on InP or GaAs substrates with quite different lattice mismatch show discriminated defect distribution patterns, prompting their distinct origins, which have been confirmed by cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy observation. Using self-developed image processing software the EBIC features of the samples are statistically analyzed, which validated the qualitative correlation between the EBIC data and device dark current. Fusing of EBIC and SE images has also been attempted to enhance the defect visibility. Results indicate that EBIC is feasible to investigate the effects of defects on the device performance not only in research work, but also for product quality monitor purposes.
Maximum likelihood methods for direction-of-arrival estimation (1990)

Five methods of direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimation which can be derived from the maximum-likelihood (ML) principle are considered. The ML method (MLM) results from the application of the ML principle to the statistics of the observed raw data. The standard multiple signal classification (MUSIC) procedure, called MUSIC-1, is obtained as a brute-force approximation of the MLM. An improved MUSIC procedure, named MUSIC-2, is obtained by applying the ML principle to the statistics of certain linear combinations of the sample noise space eigenvectors. A procedure which compromises between the good performance of the MLM and the computational simplicity of MUSIC is a method of direction estimation (MODE-1) which is derived as a large sample realization of the MLM. A fifth method, called MODE-2, is obtained by using the ML principle on the statistics of certain linear combinations of the sample eigenvectors. MODE-2 is computationally less demanding than the MLM (it is of the same complexity as MODE-1) and statistically more efficient. A numerical comparison of these five DOA estimation methods is presented. It confirms the analytic results on their theoretical performance levels.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Combinatorial Electrochemistry: A Highly Parallel, Optical Screening Method for Discovery of Better Electrocatalysts (1998)

Combinatorial screening of electrochemical catalysts by current-voltage methods can be unwieldy for large sample sizes. By converting the ions generated in an electrochemical half-cell reaction to a fluorescence signal, the most active compositions in a large electrode array have been identified. A fluorescent acid-base indicator was used to image high concentrations of hydrogen ions, which were generated in the electrooxidation of methanol. A 645-member electrode array containing five elements (platinum, ruthenium, osmium, iridium, and rhodium), 80 binary, 280 ternary, and 280 quaternary combinations was screened to identify the most active regions of phase space. Subsequent "zoom" screens pinpointed several very active compositions, some in ternary and quaternary regions that were bounded by rather inactive binaries. The best catalyst, platinum(44)/ruthenium(41)/osmium(10)/iridium(5) (numbers in parentheses are atomic percent), was significantly more active than platinum(50)/ruthenium(50) in a direct methanol fuel cell operating at 60 degreesC, even though the latter catalyst had about twice the surface area of the former.
A Perspective on Direct Electrophilic Arene Borylation (2012)

Direct electrophilic arene borylation is introduced as a new synthetic approach to aryl boronate esters. This perspective covers both the key historic breakthroughs and the more recent developments in this area.
High-Redshift Quasars Found in Sloan Digital Sky Survey Commissioning Data. II. The Spring Equatorial Stripe (2000)

This is the second paper in a series aimed at finding high-redshift quasars from five-color (u'g'r'i'z') imaging data taken along the Celestial Equator by the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) during its commissioning phase. In this paper, we present 22 high-redshift quasars (z&gt;3.6) discovered from ~250 deg^2 of data in the spring Equatorial Stripe, plus photometry for two previously known high-redshift quasars in the same region of sky. Our success rate of identifying high-redshift quasars is 68%. Five of the newly discovered quasars have redshifts higher than 4.6 (z=4.62, 4.69, 4.70, 4.92 and 5.03). All the quasars have i* &lt; 20.2 with absolute magnitude -28.8 &lt; M_B &lt; -26.1 (h=0.5, q_0=0.5). Several of the quasars show unusual emission and absorption features in their spectra, including an object at z=4.62 without detectable emission lines, and a Broad Absorption Line (BAL) quasar at z=4.92.
Omega-3 Fatty Acid Plasma Levels Before and After Supplementation: Correlations with Mood and Clinical Outcomes in the Omega-3 and Therapy Studies (2017)

Ω3 supplementation at 2 g/day increases blood levels substantially, more so in smaller children. A possible U-shaped response curve should be explored.
Change and Application of Lace in Europe (2002)

The word 'lace' comes from the Latin, lacium, meaning a knot. There are two broad categories of lace: needlepoint lace and bobbin lace. Lace has enjoyed a multitude of uses, embellishing both liturgical and domestic objects. It has also played a major role in the history of western fashion, adorning the apparel of men as well as women. Lace lappets and cap crowns, cravat ends and veils were made for those who could afford them. Before the end of the sixteen century, more complex techniques were employed. The baroque period, needlepoint lace evolved from the early simple geometric patterns of punto in aria Which enhanced ruffs, to deeply scalloped designs, often referred to as collar lace, and thence to the bold and magnificent relief effects of Venetian gros point. Through the seventeenth century is noted for the infinite variety of its cravat, collar and kerchief, most of them lace trimmed and all artfully contrived for the wearer. The type of sleeve in women's dress reaching just below the elbow, ending in ruffles of lace which was called engageantes. Sometimes the ends of a fichu or headdress decorated of lace. In the nineteenth century, empress Eugenie's love of lace resulted in a marked increase in the use of that lovely, delicate fabrication. It was lavished upon sleeves, hats, capes, and handkerchieves. Entire flounces, parasols, jackets, and shawls of lace were created by skilled lace makers of Europe. By the time this magnificent piece was created, most lace was being produced by machine. Today, the tradition of handmade lace continues, but glorious examples are no longer made. However, the techniques have been taken up and revitalized within the fiber art movement.