gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Recent Progress on Infrared Photoacoustic Spectroscopy Techniques (2011)

Abstract Analogous to most new methods in science, photoacoustic spectroscopy (PAS) grew out of an advance in technology, in this case the dramatic improvement in novel light sources, modulators, and acoustic detectors, as well as signal recovery electronics, which in turn was made possible by the development of modern PAS techniques. PAS is a promising technique that can be used to analyze and characterize a broad variety of objects (gaseous, solid, and liquid samples). In the present review, the recent development of infrared PAS limited to the general area of gas-phase analysis techniques since 1990 is summarized, with special emphasis on the development of new or enhanced analytical methodologies based on the use of the photoacoustic (PA) effect to improve the sensitivity of PAS by enhancing signal or reducing noise levels, with regard to PA systems, applications, and conclusions. The applications of these novel PA methods are mainly concerned with molecular spectroscopic, industrial, atmospheric, environmental, chemical and biological, and medical and clinical analysis. New prospects and challenges in various application fields of PAS technique are described. Keywords: Photoacoustic spectroscopyanalysis techniquesapplicationsreview
Low-frequency acoustic fluctuations with a moored pulse compression system (1978)

A self-contained microprocessor-controlled, acoustic signal processor has been designed to receive long-time series of finite-bandwidth acoustic signals in order to study the effect of mesoscale oceanic variations on acoustic signals. The data capsule is intended to be fixed to deep ocean moorings, where it receives transmissions from moored acoustic sources. The signal is a complement-phase maximal-length shift-register sequence with a bandwidth between 10 and 20 Hz yielding a travel-time resolution of approximately 50–100 ms, sufficient to resolve groups of multipath arrivals having a similar number of upper and lower turning points. The capsule is equipped with an acoustic position keeping system to monitor, and thus account for, travel-time variations due to mooring motion. We present the results of several deployments of the system with source and receivers at various depths and ranges from 2 to 1000 km.
Neudesin, a secreted factor, promotes neural cell proliferation and neuronal differentiation in mouse neural precursor cells (2006)

Neudesin encodes a secreted signal with neurotrophic activity in neurons. Most neurotrophic factors are involved in neural cell proliferation and/or differentiation. However, the role of neudesin in neural development remains to be elucidated. We examined the expression of neudesin in mouse embryonic cerebral cortex and cultured mouse neural precursor cells and its roles in neural development. Neudesin was expressed in the embryonic cerebral cortex early in development. Its expression was observed mainly in the preplate, where mostly postmitotic neural cells existed. Because neudesin mRNA was expressed in the neural precursor cells before the appearance of neurons, the roles of neudesin in neural development were examined by using the precursor cells. Neudesin significantly promoted neuronal differentiation and overrode the undifferentiated state of the neural precursor cells sustained by fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2). In contrast, it inhibited the differentiation of astrocytes. In addition, neudesin transiently promoted neural cell proliferation early in the developmental process. The effect on cell proliferation was distinct from that of FGF2, a self-renewal-promoting factor for neural precursor cells. The differentiation was mediated though activation of the protein kinase A (PKA) and phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase (PI-3K) pathways. In contrast, the proliferation was mediated through the mitogen-activated protein kinase and PKA pathways. The expression profile and activity indicate that neudesin plays unique roles in neural development. The present findings have revealed new potential roles of neudesin in neural cell proliferation and neuronal differentiation.
Apolipoprotein B synthesized by Hep G2 cells undergoes fatty acid acylation. (1988)

Apolipoprotein B is the principal protein associated with cholesterol transport in the blood and has been proposed to play a central role in human atherogenesis. The unique hydrophobic nature of this large (512 kDa), glycosylated apolipoprotein differs from that of the other apolipoproteins. Since another apolipoprotein, apolipoprotein A-I, has been recently shown to have covalently bound fatty acids, potential fatty acid acylation of apolipoprotein B was investigated. The human hepatoma cell line, Hep G2, synthesizes apoB-100 and secretes the apolipoprotein into the culture medium. After a 24-hr incubation with [14C]palmitate and [14C]stearate, the label was incorporated into apoB-100 when assessed by a sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, autoradiography, immunoblot analysis, and immunoprecipitation. Hydroxylamine treatment, which hydrolyzes ester and thioester bonds, removed the radiolabel. ApoB-100 isolated from Hep G2 cells by ultracentrifugation and preparative sodium dodecyl sulfate gel electrophoresis was hydrolyzed and analyzed by gas-liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. In contrast to circulating apoB in low density lipoproteins, both palmitate and stearate were present in newly synthesized apoB-100. These results establish that newly synthesized apoB-100 undergoes covalent acylation with palmitate and stearate. The acylation of apoB may play an important role in lipoprotein particle secretion. In addition, derangements in apoB fatty acid acylation may lead to dyslipoproteinemia.
New compact femtosecond laser source for penetrating keratoplasty at 1.65 µm (2011)

Femtosecond laser surgery in the volume of corneal tissue is typically performed wavelengths of about 1 μm, which gives excellent results on transparent corneas. However, the outcome is much worse in the case of oedematous or pathological corneas as the laser beam propagation is disturbed by optical scattering. Our studies suggest that this phenomenon can be greatly reduced by using a better suited laser wavelength. Best results are obtained at 1.65 μm.Currently, no compact femtosecond laser at this wavelength is commercially available. We have developed a new simple, compact and stable laser source consisting of a non linear crystal pumped by a compact commercial solid-state laser emitting at 1.03 μm in a configuration of an Optical Parametric Generation (OPG). The output wavelength of this system can be tuned in the spectral range of 1.45–1.8 μm. A series of ex vivo penetrating incisions using energies of the order of a few microjoules on corneal tissues have been performed while varying the wavelengths from 1.45 μm to 1.7 μm. The results have been compared to experiments performed at 0.8 μm and 1 μm. The use of longer infrared wavelengths around 1.65 μm for femtosecond laser keratoplasty significantly improves the quality and the penetration depth of incision in case of pathological tissues, without inducing any additional side effects.
Transcription Factors and DNA Replication (1994)

This book describes the participation of transcript factors in the regulation of DNA replication, which provides a ready mechanism for co-ordinating control of gene expression and DNA replication during the cell cycle. The role of transcription factors in origin utilization is demonstrated by discussing evidence from viral and cellular systems in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes.
Rapid I−/I3− Diffusion in a Molecular‐Plastic‐Crystal Electrolyte for Potential Application in Solid‐State Photoelectrochemical Cells (2004)

High current-carrying capacity and rapid, liquidlike diffusion were achieved in a dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) based on the plastic-crystalline electrolyte succinonitrile and the I−/I3− redox couple (see diagram). This could lead to the development of true solid-state DSSCs without conventional organic-liquid electrolytes, which can cause problems with long-term device stability.
Assessing the Use of Incorrectly Scaled Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography Images in Peer-Reviewed Studies (2019)

These findings suggest that most peer-reviewed articles in PubMed that use quantitative OCTA measurements use incorrectly scaled images. This could call into question the conclusions of such studies and warrants consideration by OCTA manufacturers, physicians, authors, journal reviewers, and journal editors.
MMP-1 and TIMP-1 production in MG-63 cells stimulated withPrevotella nigrescenslipopolysaccharide (2004)

The purpose of this study is to monitor the secretion of matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1) produced by human osteosarcoma cell line (MG63) stimulated with Prevotella nigrescens lipopolysaccharides (LPS). and to compare the level of secretion before and after the treatment of calcium hydroxide on P. nigrescens LPS. LPS was extracted and purified from anaerobically cultured P. nigrescens. MG63 cells were stimulated by the LPS (0, 1, ) or LPS() pretreated with 12.5 mg/ml of for 3 days. Total RNA was isolated from the cell. and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed for quantification of MMP-1 and TIMP-1. The results were as follows. 1. MMP-1 mRNA expression at 48 hr was highly increased by stimulation with P. nigrescens LPS. The increase was dose-dependent. 2. When stimulated with ( of LPS. TIMP-1 mRNA expression was highly increased at 24 hr and 48 hr. However. TIMP-1 expression was suppressed at higher concentration (). 3. When P. nigrescens LPS was pretreated with . MMP-1 and TIMP-1 gene expression was downregulated. The results of this study suggest that transcriptional regulation of MMP-1 and TIMP-1 by P. nigrescens LPS could be one of the important mechanisms in bone resorption of periapical inflammation. The result of calcium hydroxide on MMP-1 and TIMP-1 gene expression suppression shows that calcium hydroxide detoxified bacterial LPS and thus should be used the medication of choice for intracanal dressings in root canal infected with black-pigmented bacteria.
A Nonlinear Model Predictive Control based Virtual Driver for high performance driving (2019)

Virtual prototyping is currently a widely used tool for the development of new cars. In this paper, the development of an effective virtual driver (VD) is described, that aims at reproducing real-time driver’s behaviour, also at the limit of performance. The proposed VD model, a four-wheel vehicle with longitudinal load transfer and Pacejka’s lateral tires forces model, has been implemented in the nonlinear model predictive control framework. The implementation is developed in MATMPC, a Matlab-based open-source toolbox, and tested in co-simulation with commercial software VI-CarRealTime (VI-CRT), specifically designed to reproduce vehicles behaviour. A challenging Double Lane Change (DLC) maneuver has been used to evaluate performance, showing great abilities of the proposed VD in handling track boundaries during high speed manoeuvring.
Figure S8 from An Enhancer Demethylator Phenotype Converged to Immune Dysfunction and Resistance to Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Clear-Cell Renal Cell Carcinomas (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Figure S8. a) Heatmap showing the regulon activity landscape of three regulon phenotypes identified by unsupervised clustering in the target therapy arm of the CheckMate cohort. Kaplan-Meier survival curves showing the overall survival rate of different regulon phenotypes in the target therapy arm of the CheckMate cohort.&lt;/p&gt;
Optical vortices and the flow of their angular momentum in a multimode fiber (1998)

The problem of propagation of optical vortices in multimode fibers is considered. The structural changes experienced by the wave and ray surfaces in their transformation from the free space to a fiber medium are determined. The continuity equation is obtained for the flow of the vortex angular momentum in an unhomogeneous medium.
ATM Heterozygosity and the Development of Radiation-Induced Erectile Dysfunction and Urinary Morbidity Following Radiotherapy for Prostate Cancer (2006)

Abstract : The goal of this training grant project is to determine whether the prevalence of ATM carriers among prostate cancer patients treated with radiotherapy that develop erectile dysfunction and urinary morbidity is greater than the prevalence of ATM heterozygosity among patients that do not develop this complication. Regardless of the scientific outcome of the proposal the PI will be left with a vast experience in translational research from which to form new hypotheses and research strategies as he begins his career as an independent physician scientist. To assure a well-rounded experience, the school of medicine will insure that the PI will participate for the first two years of the funded period in Mount Sinai's rigorous clinical research training program. The NIH sponsored program will give the PI formal instruction in Clinical Research and Policy Evaluation, Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Basic Science for the Clinical Investigator, Cultural, Illness, and Community Health Outcomes, Behavioral Medicine, and Ethical Issues in Clinical Research. Also the PI, while at Mount Sinai, will make significant progress in establishing collaborative relationships with well-established prostate cancer researchers and will continue this approach in order to expand the scope of the outlined proposal throughout the funding period of this grant.
Predictions and Statistics for the Best-Selling Drugs Globally and in the United States in 2018 and a Look Forward to 2024 Projections (2019)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVEditorialNEXTPredictions and Statistics for the Best-Selling Drugs Globally and in the United States in 2018 and a Look Forward to 2024 ProjectionsCraig W. LindsleyCraig W. LindsleyMore by Craig W. Lindsleyhttp://orcid.org/0000-0003-0168-1445Cite this: ACS Chem. Neurosci. 2019, 10, 3, 1115Publication Date (Web):March 20, 2019Publication History Published online20 March 2019Published inissue 20 March 2019https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acschemneuro.9b00112https://doi.org/10.1021/acschemneuro.9b00112editorialACS PublicationsCopyright © 2019 American Chemical Society. This publication is available under these Terms of Use. Request reuse permissions This publication is free to access through this site. Learn MoreArticle Views1915Altmetric-Citations13LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail PDF (226 KB) Get e-AlertscloseSUBJECTS:Mathematical methods,Pharmaceuticals,Small molecules,Therapeutics Get e-Alerts
Trachoma: global magnitude of a preventable cause of blindness (2008)

The current estimate of prevalence of trachoma is lower than the previous WHO estimates: this can be explained by the success in implementing control strategy, by more accurate data, as well as by socio-economic development in endemic countries.
Therapeutic Efficacy of Bumped Kinase Inhibitor 1369 in a Pig Model of Acute Diarrhea Caused by Cryptosporidium hominis (2018)

Recent reports highlighting the global significance of cryptosporidiosis among children have renewed efforts to develop control measures. We evaluated the efficacy of bumped kinase inhibitor (BKI) 1369 in the gnotobiotic piglet model of acute diarrhea caused by <i>Cryptosporidium hominis</i>, the species responsible for most human cases. Five-day treatment with BKI 1369 reduced signs of disease early during treatment compared to those of untreated animals. Piglets treated with BKI 1369 exhibited significant reductions of oocyst excretion, mucosal colonization by <i>C. hominis</i>, and mucosal lesions, which resulted in considerable symptomatic improvement. BKI 1369 reduced the parasite burden and disease severity in the gnotobiotic pig model. Together these data suggest that a BKI-mediated therapeutic may be an effective treatment against cryptosporidiosis.
Efficient Mitochondrial Genome Editing by CRISPR/Cas9 (2015)

The Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR)/Cas9 system has been widely used for nuclear DNA editing to generate mutations or correct specific disease alleles. Despite its flexible application, it has not been determined if CRISPR/Cas9, originally identified as a bacterial defense system against virus, can be targeted to mitochondria for mtDNA editing. Here, we show that regular FLAG-Cas9 can localize to mitochondria to edit mitochondrial DNA with sgRNAs targeting specific loci of the mitochondrial genome. Expression of FLAG-Cas9 together with gRNA targeting Cox1 and Cox3 leads to cleavage of the specific mtDNA loci. In addition, we observed disruption of mitochondrial protein homeostasis following mtDNA truncation or cleavage by CRISPR/Cas9. To overcome nonspecific distribution of FLAG-Cas9, we also created a mitochondria-targeted Cas9 (mitoCas9). This new version of Cas9 localizes only to mitochondria; together with expression of gRNA targeting mtDNA, there is specific cleavage of mtDNA. MitoCas9-induced reduction of mtDNA and its transcription leads to mitochondrial membrane potential disruption and cell growth inhibition. This mitoCas9 could be applied to edit mtDNA together with gRNA expression vectors without affecting genomic DNA. In this brief study, we demonstrate that mtDNA editing is possible using CRISPR/Cas9. Moreover, our development of mitoCas9 with specific localization to the mitochondria should facilitate its application for mitochondrial genome editing.
Quantitative Ultrasound Techniques for the Assessment of Osteoporosis: Expert Agreement on Current Status (1997)

Quantitative ultrasound (QUS) methods have been introduced in recent years for the assessment of skeletal status in osteoporosis. The performance of QUS techniques has been evaluated in a large number of studies. Reviewing existing knowledge, an international expert panel formulated the following consensus regarding the current status of this technology. To date, evidence supports the use of QUS techniques for the assessment of fracture risk in elderly women. This has been best established for water-based calcaneal QUS systems. Future studies should include the predictive validity of other QUS systems. Additional clinical applications of QUS, specifically the assessment of rates of change for monitoring disease progression or response to treatment, require further investigation. Its low cost and portability make QUS an attractive technology for assessing risk of fractures in larger populations than may be suitable or feasible for bone densitometry. Additional investigations that assess innovative QUS techniques in well defined research settings are important to determine and utilize the full potential of this technology for the benefit of early detection and monitoring of osteoporosis.
Quantitative RT-PCR reveals tuberous sclerosis gene, TSC2, mRNA degradation following cryopreservation in the human preimplantation embryo (2003)

The use of cryopreserved human embryos in gene expression studies provides an additional source to the scarce embryos available for research. To validate their use we have implemented a quantitative RT-PCR to characterize the levels of the tuberous sclerosis, TSC2 gene in fresh and frozen-thawed human embryos. Frozen embryos were thawed using two different clinical protocols. In fresh embryos 9.95 fg of TSC2 cDNA was present in the unfertilized oocyte, which was comparable to the level on day 2 of preimplantation development. On day 3 there was a significant drop (P<0.001) to 6.8 fg, followed by an increase in cDNA levels to 10.8 fg (P<0.01) on day 6 at the expanded blastocyst stage. Day 2 frozen embryos possessed 50% less (P<0.001) TSC2 mRNA in comparison to the fresh embryos using thawing protocol one (from frozen to 37 degrees C) and 25% less TSC2 mRNA (P<0.01) with thawing protocol 2 (from frozen to room temperature). After culturing day 2 frozen embryos for an additional day they showed mRNA levels comparable with fresh day 3 embryos. There was no significant difference in the levels of TSC2 mRNA between fresh and frozen day 3 human embryos with either thawing protocol. This study demonstrates that cryopreservation does affect the normal pattern of gene expression during human preimplantation development, and that intact frozen-thawed embryos are not equivalent to their non-frozen counterparts. Furthermore human embryos frozen on day 2 appear to be more susceptible to temperature change than embryos frozen on day 3.
Structural characterization of (In,Ga)As quantum dots in a GaAs matrix (1995)

Morphology evolution of molecular-beam-epitaxy-grown InAs and ${\mathrm{In}}_{0.5}$${\mathrm{Ga}}_{0.5}$As layers as a function of deposition thickness, range from 1 to 10 ML, is studied by transmission-electron microscopy to characterize the formation and the self-organization of pseudomorphic quantum dots. For deposition (at 450--480 \ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}C) of 3--7 ML of InAs and 5--10 ML of ${\mathrm{In}}_{\mathit{x}}$${\mathrm{Ga}}_{1\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}\mathit{x}}$As, respectively, well-developed and crystallographically perfect dots with typical base length of 12 nm and small size dispersion form, which exhibit short-range ordering on a primitive two-dimensional square lattice along 〈100〉. The luminescence from all samples with coherent dots exhibits high quantum efficiency. For 4-ML InAs dots, coincidence of luminescence and absorption is demonstrated. Arrangement of ${\mathrm{In}}_{\mathit{x}}$${\mathrm{Ga}}_{1\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}\mathit{x}}$As dots in chains along [110] is the result of ordering during deposition at even lower temperatures (\ensuremath{\sim}320 \ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}C).
Effects of mitotane on testicular adrenal rest tumors size, sperm count and adrenal steroidogenesis in patients with congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency (2010)

Fragment-based lead discovery has emerged as a leading drug development strategy for novel therapeutic targets. Although fragment-based drug discovery benefits immensely from access to atomic-resolution information, structure-based virtual screening has rarely been used to drive fragment discovery and optimization. Here, molecular docking of 0.3 million fragments to a crystal structure of cancer target MTH1 was performed. Twenty-two predicted fragment ligands, for which analogs could be acquired commercially, were experimentally evaluated. Five fragments inhibited MTH1 with IC<sub>50</sub> values ranging from 6 to 79 μM. Structure-based optimization guided by predicted binding modes and analogs from commercial chemical libraries yielded nanomolar inhibitors. Subsequently solved crystal structures confirmed binding modes predicted by docking for three scaffolds. Structure-guided exploration of commercial chemical space using molecular docking gives access to fragment libraries that are several orders of magnitude larger than those screened experimentally and can enable efficient optimization of hits to potent leads.