gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Ketogenic diets as an adjuvant cancer therapy: History and potential mechanism (2014)

Cancer cells, relative to normal cells, demonstrate significant alterations in metabolism that are proposed to result in increased steady-state levels of mitochondrial-derived reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as O2(•-)and H2O2. It has also been proposed that cancer cells increase glucose and hydroperoxide metabolism to compensate for increased levels of ROS. Given this theoretical construct, it is reasonable to propose that forcing cancer cells to use mitochondrial oxidative metabolism by feeding ketogenic diets that are high in fats and low in glucose and other carbohydrates, would selectively cause metabolic oxidative stress in cancer versus normal cells. Increased metabolic oxidative stress in cancer cells would in turn be predicted to selectively sensitize cancer cells to conventional radiation and chemotherapies. This review summarizes the evidence supporting the hypothesis that ketogenic diets may be safely used as an adjuvant therapy to conventional radiation and chemotherapies and discusses the proposed mechanisms by which ketogenic diets may enhance cancer cell therapeutic responses.
Internet Privacy and Security: An Examination of Online Retailer Disclosures (2000)

The Federal Trade Commission has declared the privacy and security of consumer information to be two major issues that stem from the rapid growth in e-commerce, particularly in terms of consumer-related commerce on the Internet. Although prior studies have assessed online retailer responses to privacy and security concerns with respect to retailers’ disclosure of their practices, these studies have been fairly general in their approaches and have not explored the potential for such disclosures to affect consumers. The authors examine online retailer disclosures of various privacy- and security-related practices for 17 product categories. They also compare the prevalence of disclosures to a subset of data from a consumer survey to evaluate potential relationships between online retailer practices and consumer perceptions of risk and purchase intentions across product categories.
Reactive Power Injection to Mitigate Frequency Transients Using Grid Connected PV Systems (2020)

The increasing integration of renewable energies reduces the inertia of power systems and thus adds stiffness to grid dynamics. For this reason, methods to obtain virtual inertia have been proposed to imitate mechanical behavior of rotating generators, but, usually, these methods rely on extra power reserves. In this paper, a novel ancillary service is proposed to alleviate frequency transients by smoothing the electromagnetic torque of synchronous generators due to change of active power consumed by loads. Being implemented by grid-tied inverters of renewables, the ancillary service regulates the reactive power flow in response to frequency transients, thereby demanding no additional power reserves and having little impact on renewables’ active power generation. Differently from the active power compensation by virtual inertia methods, it aims to low-pass filter the transients of the active power required to synchronous generators. The proposed ancillary service is firstly verified in simulation in comparison with the virtual inertia method, and afterwards tested on processor by controller-hardware-in-the-loop simulation, analysing practical issues and providing indications for making the algorithm suitable in real implementation. The ancillary service proves effective in damping frequency transients and appropriate to be used in grid with distributed power generators.
Aging of Iron Nanoparticles in Water: Effects on Structure and Reactivity (2009)

We studied the aging of Fe0-core/oxide-shell nanoparticles in water with a focus on changes in (i) the composition and structure of the particles (by XRD, TEM, XPS, and bulk Fe0 content), and (ii) the reactivity of the particles (by carbon tetrachloride reaction kinetics, electrochemical corrosion potentials, and H2 production rates). The results show that nano-Fe 0 becomes more reactive between 0 and ~2 days exposure to water, and then gradually loses reactivity over the next few hundred days. The behavior of unaged nano-Fe0 in our laboratory experiments may be similar to that in fi eld-scale applications for source-zone treatment due to the short reaction times involved. However, nano-Fe0 that has been aged in water for&amp;gt;3 days acquires properties that are relatively stable over weeks or even months.
Oxidative Electrochemical Switching in Dithienylcyclopentenes, Part 2: Effect of Substitution and Asymmetry on the Efficiency and Direction of Molecular Switching and Redox Stability (2005)

The electrochemical and spectroelectrochemical properties of a series of C5-substituted dithienylhexahydro- and dithienylhexafluorocyclopentenes are reported. The effect of substitution at C5 of the thienyl moiety on the redox properties is quite dramatic, in contrast to the effect on their photochemical properties. The efficiency of electrochemical switching is dependent both on the central cyclopentene unit and on the nature of the substituents, whereby electron-donating moieties favour oxidative electrochemical ring-closure and vice versa. Asymmetrically substituted dithienylcyclopentenes were investigated to explore the ring-closure process in more detail. The results indicate that electrochemically induced ring-closure occurs via the monocation of the open form. In the presence of electroactive groups at C5 of the thienyl ring (e.g., methoxyphenyl) initial oxidation of these groups is followed by intermolecular electron transfer, which drives ring-closure of the open forms.
Superflexible, high-efficiency perovskite solar cells utilizing graphene electrodes: towards future foldable power sources (2016)

With rapid and brilliant progress in performance over recent years, perovskite solar cells have drawn increasing attention for portable power source applications.
Development of the Simbol-X science verification model and its contribution for the IXO Mission (2010)

Like the International X-ray Observatory (IXO) mission, the Simbol-X mission is a projected X-ray space telescope with spectral and imaging capabilities covering the energy range from 500 eV up to 80 keV. To detect photons within this wide range of energies, a silicon based "Depleted P-channel Field Effect Transistor" (DePFET)- matrix is used as the Low Energy Detector (LED) on top of an array of CdTe-Caliste modules, which act as the High Energy Detector (HED). A Science Verification Model (SVM) consisting of one LED quadrant in front of one Caliste module will be set up at our institute (IAAT) and operated under laboratory conditions that approximate the expected environment in space. As a first step we use the SVM to test and optimize the performance of the LED operation and data acquisition chain, consisting of an ADC, an event-preprocessor, a sequencer, and an interface controller. All these components have been developed at our institute with the objective to handle the high readout rate of approximately 8000 frames per second. The second step is to study the behaviour and the interactions of LED and HED operating as a combined detector system. We report on the development status of the SVM and its associated electronics and present first results of the currently achieved spectral performance.
Rapid and Accurate SARA Analysis of Medium Gravity Crude Oils (2002)

Crude oils can be described compositionally by a number of methods. SARA analysis is widely used to divide crude oil components according to their polarizability and polarity using a family of related analytical techniques. Problems arise because the analytical techniques do not necessarily produce identical results. Users of the data, however, rarely distinguish between the different techniques, assuming that SARA fraction values generated by any of the commonly used methods are essentially interchangeable. We examine this assumption for medium gravity crude oils and three SARA analysis methods: gravity-driven chromatographic separation, thin-layer chromatography (TLC), and high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC). Results for a suite of six crude oil samples show that a significant volume of volatile material that contains both saturates and aromatics is lost in the TLC analysis. An improved HPLC method is introduced that gives analyses comparable to the ASTM-recommended chromatographic method in less time than that required for TLC analysis. An internal consistency test is recommended for evaluating SARA fraction data.
Diminished Acyl-CoA Synthetase Isoform 4 Activity in INS 832/13 Cells Reduces Cellular Epoxyeicosatrienoic Acid Levels and Results in Impaired Glucose-stimulated Insulin Secretion (2021)

Glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) in pancreatic beta-cells is potentiated by fatty acids (FA). The initial step in the metabolism of intracellular FA is the conversion to acyl-CoA by long chain acyl-CoA synthetases (Acsls). Because the predominantly expressed Acsl isoforms in INS 832/13 cells are Acsl4 and -5, we characterized the role of these Acsls in beta-cell function by using siRNA to knock down Acsl4 or Acsl5. Compared with control cells, an 80% suppression of Acsl4 decreased GSIS and FA-potentiated GSIS by 32 and 54%, respectively. Knockdown of Acsl5 did not alter GSIS. Acsl4 knockdown did not alter FA oxidation or long chain acyl-CoA levels. With Acsl4 knockdown, incubation with 17 mm glucose increased media epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) and reduced cell membrane levels of EETs. Further, exogenous EETs reduced GSIS in INS 832/13 cells, and in Acsl4 knockdown cells, an EET receptor antagonist partially rescued GSIS. These results strongly suggest that Acsl4 activates EETs to form EET-CoAs that are incorporated into glycerophospholipids, thereby sequestering EETs. Exposing INS 832/13 cells to arachidonate or linoleate reduced Acsl4 mRNA and protein expression and reduced GSIS. These data indicate that Acsl4 modulates GSIS by regulating the levels of unesterified EETs and that arachidonate controls the expression of its activator Acsl4.
Haptic Feedback Perception and Learning With Cable-Driven Guidance in Exosuit Teleoperation of a Simulated Drone (2019)

Robotics teleoperation enables human operators to control the movements of distally located robots. The development of new wearable interfaces as alternatives to hand-held controllers has created new modalities of control, which are more intuitive to use. Nevertheless, such interfaces also require a period of adjustment before operators can carry out their tasks proficiently. In several fields of human-machine interaction, haptic guidance has proven to be an effective training tool for enhancing user performance. This paper presents the results of psychophysical and motor learning studies that were carried out with human participant to assess the effect of cable-driven haptic guidance for a task involving aerial robotic teleoperation. The guidance system was integrated into an exosuit, called the Flyjacket, that was developed to control drones with torso movements. Results for the just noticeable difference and from the Stevens Power Law suggest that the perception of force on the users' torso scales linearly with the amplitude of the force exerted through the cables and the perceived force is close to the magnitude of the stimulus. Motor learning studies reveal that this form of haptic guidance improves user performance in training, but this improvement is not retained when participants are evaluated without guidance.
Handover Prediction Integrated with Service Migration in 5G Systems (2020)

As the research community inclines toward adopting increasingly complex techniques for future networks, and simple methods are often ignored, being labeled as trivial. In this paper, we argue that simple methods can sometimes outperform more sophisticated ones. We demonstrate that by evaluating two prediction mechanisms to forecast mobile user's handovers exploiting user-network association patterns. We perform a series of experiments on real-world data, evaluating the performance characteristics of such methods over more sophisticated and complex prediction techniques. Furthermore, we discuss how to easily bootstrap these mechanisms into the 5G network architecture. We suggest the use of these methods associated with Multi-access Edge Computing (MEC) scenarios, as a mean to identify favorable edge nodes to host the mobile applications, to best provide continuous and QoS-aware service for mobile users.
Parents' Ages at Birth and Risk of Adult-onset Hematologic Malignancies Among Female Teachers in California (2010)

Although advanced parental age at one's birth has been associated with increased risk of breast and prostate cancers, few studies have examined its effect on adult-onset sporadic hematologic malignancies. The authors examined the association of parents' ages at women's births with risk of hematologic malignancies among 110,999 eligible women aged 22-84 years recruited into the prospective California Teachers Study. Between 1995 and 2007, 819 women without a family history of hematologic malignancies were diagnosed with incident lymphoma, leukemia (primarily acute myeloid leukemia), or multiple myeloma. Multivariable-adjusted Cox proportional hazards models provided estimates of relative risks and 95% confidence intervals. Paternal age was positively associated with non-Hodgkin lymphoma after adjustment for race and birth order (relative risk for age > or =40 vs. <25 years = 1.51, 95% confidence interval: 1.08, 2.13; P-trend = 0.01). Further adjustment for maternal age did not materially alter the association. By contrast, the elevated non-Hodgkin lymphoma risk associated with advanced maternal age (> or =40 years) became null when paternal age was included in the statistical model. No association was observed for acute myeloid leukemia or multiple myeloma. Advanced paternal age may play a role in non-Hodgkin lymphoma etiology. Potential etiologic mechanisms include de novo gene mutations, aberrant paternal gene imprinting, or telomere/telomerase biology.
Depth Profiles of Na Implanted in Glass-Like Carbon and the Change in Atomic Density for Implanted Layers. (2000)

Depth profiles of Na-atoms implanted in glass-like carbon (GLC, 1.5g/cm3) were measured using of SIMS and RBS, and the atomic density of the implanted layers was determined by comparing SIMS and RBS results. Na-ion implantation was carried out with doses ranging from 1×1015 to 1×1017ions/cm2 at an energy of 150keV. SIMS results show that the depth profiles in low dose conditions are Gaussian and those in medium dose conditions are Gaussian like distributions with a hump. In a high dose condition, the profile indicates Na enrichment at the surface and broadening. RBS results are almost the same as those of SIMS, and in the high dose Na enriched layers involve an oxygen mixture. Comparing the depth profiles of SIMS with RBS, results show that the atomic density of implanted layers increases from 1.5 to 2.0g/cm3.
Mechanochemistry at Solid Surfaces: Polymerization of Adsorbed Molecules by Mechanical Shear at Tribological Interfaces (2016)

Polymerization of allyl alcohol adsorbed and sheared at a silicon oxide interface is studied using tribo-tests in vapor phase lubrication conditions and reactive molecular dynamics simulations. The load dependences of product formation obtained from experiments and simulations were consistent, indicating that the atomic-scale processes observable in the simulations were relevant to the experiments. Analysis of the experimental results in the context of mechanically assisted thermal reaction theory, combined with the atomistic details available from the simulations, suggested that the association reaction pathway of allyl alcohol molecules induced by mechanical shear is quite different from chemically induced polymerization reactions. Findings suggested that some degree of distortion of the molecule from its equilibrium state is necessary for mechanically induced chemical reactions to occur and such a distortion occurs during mechanical shear when molecules are covalently anchored to one of the sliding surfaces.
Predictability of Fixed-Job Priority Schedulers on Heterogeneous Multiprocessor Real-Time Systems (2009)

The multiprocessor Fixed-Job Priority (FJP) scheduling of real-time systems is studied. An important property for the schedulability analysis, the predictability (regardless to the execution times), is studied for heterogeneous multiprocessor platforms. Our main contribution is to show that any FJP schedulers are predictable on unrelated platforms. A convenient consequence is the fact that any FJP schedulers are predictable on uniform multiprocessors.
Enhancement of Biomass and Lipid Productivities of Water Surface-Floating Microalgae by Chemical Mutagenesis (2017)

Water surface-floating microalgae have great potential for biofuel applications due to the ease of the harvesting process, which is one of the most problematic steps in conventional microalgal biofuel production. We have collected promising water surface-floating microalgae and characterized their capacity for biomass and lipid production. In this study, we performed chemical mutagenesis of two water surface-floating microalgae to elevate productivity. Floating microalgal strains AVFF007 and FFG039 (tentatively identified as <i>Botryosphaerella</i> sp. and <i>Chlorococcum</i> sp., respectively) were exposed to ethyl methane sulfonate (EMS) or 1-methyl-3-nitro-1-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG), and pale green mutants (PMs) were obtained. The most promising FFG039 PM formed robust biofilms on the surface of the culture medium, similar to those formed by wild type strains, and it exhibited 1.7-fold and 1.9-fold higher biomass and lipid productivities than those of the wild type. This study indicates that the chemical mutation strategy improves the lipid productivity of water surface-floating microalgae without inhibiting biofilm formation and floating ability.
Improvement of Outcome Measures of Dry Eye by a Novel Integrin Antagonist in the Murine Desiccating Stress Model (2015)

The novel α4 integrin antagonist, GW559090, improved outcome measures of corneal staining and ocular surface inflammation in this murine model of dry eye. These results indicate the potential of this novel agent for the treatment of dry eye disease.
The Signaling Pathway Involved in Neutrophil Elastase–Stimulated MUC1 Transcription (2007)

We previously reported that neutrophil elastase (NE) stimulated MUC1 gene expression in A549 lung epithelial cells through binding of Sp1 to the MUC1 promoter element. The current study was undertaken to elucidate the complete signaling pathway leading to Sp1 activation. Using a combination of pharmacologic inhibitors, dominant-negative mutant, RNA interference, and soluble receptor blocking techniques, we identified a protein kinase Cdelta (PKCdelta) --> dual oxidase 1 (Duox1) --> reactive oxygen species (ROS) --> TNF-alpha-converting enzyme (TACE) --> TNF-alpha --> TNF receptor (TNFR)1 --> extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)1/2 --> Sp1 pathway as responsible for NE-activated MUC1 transcription. This cascade was identical up to the point of TACE with the signaling pathway previously reported for NE-stimulated MUC5AC production. However, unlike the MUC5AC pathway, TNF-alpha, TNFR1, ERK1/2, and Sp1 were unique components of the MUC1 pathway. Given the anti-inflammatory role of MUC1 during airway bacterial infection, up-regulation of MUC1 by inflammatory mediators such as NE and TNF-alpha suggests a crucial role for MUC1 in the control of excessive inflammation during airway bacterial infection.
Experimental Observation of Exchange-Driven Chiral Effects in Curvilinear Magnetism (2019)

The main origin of the chiral symmetry breaking and, thus, for the magnetochiral effects in magnetic materials is associated with an antisymmetric exchange interaction, the intrinsic Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction (DMI). Recently, numerous inspiring theoretical works predict that the bending of a thin film to a curved surface is often sufficient to induce similar chiral effects. However, these originate from the exchange or magnetostatic interactions and can stabilize noncollinear magnetic structures or influence spin-wave propagation. Here, we demonstrate that curvature-induced chiral effects are experimentally observable rather than theoretical abstraction and are present even in conventional soft ferromagnetic materials. We show that, by measuring the depinning field of domain walls in the simplest possible curve, a flat parabolic stripe, the effective exchange-driven DMI interaction constant can be quantified. Remarkably, its value can be as high as the interfacial DMI constant for thin films and can be tuned by the parabola's curvature.
Augmented Phase Reduction for Periodic Orbits Near a Homoclinic\n Bifurcation and for Relaxation Oscillators (2020)

Oscillators - dynamical systems with stable periodic orbits - arise in many\nsystems of physical, technological, and biological interest. The standard phase\nreduction, a model reduction technique based on isochrons, can be unsuitable\nfor oscillators which have a small-magnitude negative nontrivial Floquet\nexponent. This necessitates the use of the augmented phase reduction, a\nrecently devised two-dimensional reduction technique based on isochrons and\nisostables. In this article, we calculate analytical expressions for the\naugmented phase reduction for two dynamically different planar systems:\nperiodic orbits born out of a homoclinic bifurcation, and relaxation\noscillators. To validate our calculations, we simulate models in these dynamic\nregimes, and compare their numerically computed augmented phase reduction with\nthe derived analytical expressions. These analytical and numerical calculations\nhelp us to understand conditions for which the use of augmented phase reduction\nover the standard phase reduction can be advantageous.\n
Fusion by beam ions in a low collisionality, high mirror ratio magnetic mirror (2022)

Abstract The classical problem of neutral beam ions slowing down in a magnetic mirror geometry is revisited to provide predictive capability for the new Wisconsin HTS Axisymmetric Mirror under development at the University of Wisconsin. A Fokker–Planck model named fast beam ion solver (FBIS) is developed to include the spatial non-uniformity of a physical mirror geometry. The mathematical framework allows for efficient orbit averaging of the pitch-angle scattering operator, and permits a determination of the axial profile of the ambipolar potential confining the electrons. The numerical results from FBIS are consistent with earlier work, but further show how mirror-ratio and a near square magnetic well optimizes the fusion gain. The numerical results are also applied to inform the conceptual design of WHAM++, a low capital-cost breakeven-class magnetic mirror device.
Image Denoising with Deep Convolutional and Multi-directional LSTM Networks under Poisson Noise Environments (2018)

Image denoising especially in low-light conditions is a very challenging task because the noise characteristics of different noise sources contributed in varying proportions at different signal levels are difficult to capture. Inaccurate modeling of the noise often results in producing undesirable artifacts in the restored images. This paper presents a new image denoising method in Poisson noise called Deep Convolutional and Multidirectional Long-short Term Memory Networks (DCSLNet). Deep Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) is firstly used to extract features and estimate noise components of the images. Multi-directional Long-short Term Memory (LSTM) network is then introduced in the second stage to effectively capture the long-range correlations of the noise in the deeper CNN layers. The proposed DCSLNet is trainable end-to-end to restore the clean image from the input noisy image. Experimental results in both subjective and objective qualities show that the proposed DCSLNet is very competitive in denoising low-light images under heavy-noise conditions compared with the other state-of-the-art Poisson image denoising methods.