gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Motion Compensation Schemes Applied to Synthetic Transmit Beam formation (2014)

Ultrasound imaging is a well-established, noninvasive and relatively low cost method for assessing the cardiac function. By providing dense image volumes in real-time, three-dimensional echocardiography could improve and automatize the diagnostic by professionals. But the limited speed of sound still prevents the acquisition of large fields of view at frame rates sufficient to assess the complex dynamics of a beating heart. To increase the frame rate, parallelizations of both the transmission and reception processes is being proposed. In this thesis, the challenges of Multi-Line Transmission (MLT) and two Synthetic Transmit Aperture (STA) techniques for imaging the heart in real-time 3-D when an optimal image quality is required are addressed across four scientific publications.When transmitting multiple focused ultrasound pulses in parallel, interactions between the simultaneous beams are prone to generate artifacts, aka. MLT crosstalks. Cross-talks appear as additional clutter in the image, notably at every location where the edge waves of one beam overlap with the main-lobe of another beam, both on transmission and reception. To isolate the parallel beams, we propose to combine MLT with the low transmit side-lobe levels of second harmonic imaging. 10 to 15 dB reductions of transmit cross-talks are observed both in vitro and in vivo. Beam isolation may also be achieved using 3-D dispositions. When aligning the beams along the transducer transverse diagonal, reductions of up to 30 dB of both transmit and receive cross-talks are observed in simulations backed-up by water tank measurements. This allow a potential increase of the frame rate by a factor five without visible image degradation.Using parallel receive beams with STA focusing, the coherent combination of data acquired over successive transmit events allow to recover the spatial resolution and contrast while maintaining higher frame rates. However, the success of this combination is no longer guaranteed in presence of rapid displacements such as observed in the myocardium or the blood. The influence of motion is studied for STA applications combining two or many transmit events: Synthetic Transmit Beamformation, both in 2-D and 3-D, and Coherent Plane Wave Compounding. In presence of significant axial motion, lateral image shifts and deteriorations of the focusing capability are observed, resulting in losses of contrast and SNR. Motion compensation algorithms based on cross-correlation are introduced to correct for the axial motion component. Such algorithms are robust, computationally inexpensive and their necessity is demonstrated through both simulations and in vivo experiments.
POLYMER-MODIFIED GADOLINIUM NANOPARTICLES FOR TARGETED MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING AND THERAPY (2010)

Functional imaging is a novel area in radiological sciences and allows for the non-invasive assessment and visualization of specific targets such as gene and protein expression, metabolic rates, and drug delivery in intact living subjects. As such, the field of molecular imaging has been defined as the non-invasive, quantitative, and repetitive imaging of biomolecules and biological processes in living organisms. For example, cancer cells may be genetically altered to attract molecules that alter the magnetic susceptibility, thereby permitting their identification by magnetic resonance imaging. These contrast agents and/or molecular reporters are seen as essential to the task of molecular medicine to increase both sensitivity and specificity of imaging. Therefore, there are five general principles which need to be fulfilled in order to conduct a successful in vivo molecular imaging study: (1) selection of appropriate cellular and subcellular targets; (2) development of suitable in vivo affinity ligands (molecular probes); (3) delivery of these probes to the target organ; (4) amplification strategies able to detect minimal target concentrations; and (5) development of imaging systems with high resolution. Although there has been a wide range of routes taken to incorporate both imaging agents and a disease-targeting moiety into diagnostic devices, arguably the most interesting of these routes employs the use of nanoparticles. Nanoscale diagnostic systems that incorporate molecular targeting agents and diagnostic imaging capabilities are emerging as the next-generation imaging agents and have the potential to dramatically improve the outcome of the imaging, diagnosis, and treatment of a wide range of diseases. The present review addresses chemical aspects in development of molecular probes based upon gadolinium nanoparticles and their potential role in translational clinical imaging and therapy.
Class II transactivator (CIITA) is sufficient for the inducible expression of major histocompatibility complex class II genes. (1994)

The class II transactivator (CIITA) has been shown to be required for major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II gene expression in B cells and its deficiency is responsible for a hereditary MHC class II deficiency. Here we show that CIITA is also involved in the inducible expression of class II genes upon interferon gamma (IFN-gamma) treatment. The expression of CIITA is also inducible with IFN-gamma before the induction of MHC class II mRNA. In addition, CIITA mRNA expression does not require new protein synthesis, although new protein synthesis is necessary for the transcription of class II. This suggests that synthesis of new CIITA protein may be essential to induce class II gene expression. We also showed that the JAK1 protein tyrosine kinase activity is required to induce the expression of CIITA upon IFN-gamma stimulation. This finding indicates that CIITA is part of the signaling cascade from the IFN-gamma receptor to the activation of class II genes. In addition, the expression of CIITA is sufficient to activate class II genes in the absence of IFN-gamma stimulation suggesting that CIITA is the major regulatory factor for the inducible expression of class II genes. Together, these data suggest that CIITA is the IFN-inducible cycloheximide sensitive factor previously shown to be required for the induction of MHC class II gene expression.
<title>Geographic Data Bases Supporting Scene Generation</title> (1980)

Recent activity in synthetic reference scene generation from geographic data bases has lead to new and expanding production responsibilities for the mapping community. It has also spawned a new and growing population of geographic data base users. Optimum utilization of this data requires an understanding of the natural and cultural patterns represented as well as knowledge of the conventions and specifications which guide data base preparation. Prudence dictates effective mechanisms for data base inspection by the user. Appropriate implementation of data display procedures can provide this capability while also supporting routine analysis of data base content. This paper first illustrates a set of convenient mechanisms for the display of the elevation and planimetric components of geographic data files. Then, a new USAETL program in Computer-Assisted Photo Interpretation Research (CAPIR) is introduced. The CAPIR program will explore issues of direct data entry to create geographic data bases from stereo aerial photography. CAPIR also provides a technique for displaying geographic data base contents in corresponding three-dimensional photo models. This capability, termed superposition, will impact on the critical tasks of data validation, revision and intensification which are essential for effective management of geographic files.
Bloodmeal Residues on Mouthparts of Tabanus fuscicostatus (Diptera: Tabanidae) and the Potential for Mechanical Transmission of Pathogens (1987)

Bloodmeal residues on the mouthparts of Tabanus fuscicostatus Hine, which were interrupted in feeding on a pony, were measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for equine IgG. The residues were estimated to be ca. 10 nl when the mouthparts were harvested and assayed immediately after feeding. This estimate is consistent with reported transmission of equine infectious anemia virus by one T. fuscicostatus from a donor with ca. 106 infective doses per ml of serum. The usefulness of this kind of study in evaluating the potential for hematophagous Diptera for mechanical transmission of pathogens is discussed.
Assisting Users with Clustering Tasks by Combining Metric Learning and Classification (2010)

Interactive clustering refers to situations in which a human labeler is willing to assist a learning algorithm in automatically clustering items. We present a related but somewhat different task, assisted clustering, in which a user creates explicit groups of items from a large set and wants suggestions on what items to add to each group. While the traditional approach to interactive clustering has been to use metric learning to induce a distance metric, our situation seems equally amenable to classification. Using clusterings of documents from human subjects, we found that one or the other method proved to be superior for a given cluster, but not uniformly so. We thus developed a hybrid mechanism for combining the metric learner and the classifier. We present results from a large number of trials based on human clusterings, in which we show that our combination scheme matches and often exceeds the performance of a method which exclusively uses either type of learner.
Deadlock-free local fast failover for arbitrary data center networks (2016)

Today, given data center networks' sizes and bursty workloads, it is likely that at any moment there is packet loss due to some type of failure in the network. This paper focuses on solving the two most common types of data center network failures: congestion and routing failures. Recently, there has been demand for lossless Ethernet (DCB) in data center networks as a solution to congestion failures. However, DCB complicates fault tolerance by introducing a new type of failure, deadlock. If DCB is enabled, then all routing must be deadlock free. To the best of our knowledge, this paper describes the first ever deadlock-free approaches to local fast failover that can be combined with DCB, DF-FI and DF-EDST resilience. Moreover, in the evaluation, this paper shows that DF-EDST resilience, which is the paper's main contribution, can improve fault tolerance without adversely impacting performance when compared to a state-of-the-art approach to deadlock-free routing. If, however, a small reduction in aggregate throughput is acceptable, then it is possible to build routes such that only 0.00001% of the total flows in the network are likely to fail given 16 edge failures on networks with 1K-4K hosts.
Surgical management of large scalp infantile hemangiomas (2014)

In some cases the IHs leave behind fibro-fatty residuum causing contour deformity. Surgery is often required for very large lesions causing extensive anatomical and/or functional disruption. The goal of surgical intervention is to restore normal anatomic contour and shape while minimizing the size of the permanent scar.
Functional Dyes and Pigments as the Driving Force behind Advanced Information Technology Systems for Home Appliances (2013)

多くの機能性色素が，液晶ディスプレイ（LCD），プラズマディスプレイパネル，有機EL（OLED）などのディスプレイ，光ディスク分野，デジタル印刷分野や色素増感太陽電池で広く使用されるようになった。本総説では，ディスプレイ分野とデジタル印刷分野で使用されている機能性色素についておもに解説する。たとえば，液晶ディスプレイのカラーフィルタに，耐久性の高いジアリライド系，キナクリドン系，フタロシアニン系顔料を微粒子で用いることで優れた透明性とコントラスト比を示す。また，偏光フィルムの耐久性を高めるために，ジスアゾ系またはトリスアゾ系二色性色素が用いられている。OLED用の三色の発光材料として，いくつかの蛍光色素やシクロメタル化イリジウム錯体が紹介されている。広範囲で利用されているインクジェット技術分野において，いくつかのナノ顔料が，染料インクと同様な鮮明さを得るために高分子バインダーやUV硬化型のバインダーとともに使用されている。フルオラン系ロイコ色素と長鎖アルキル基を有する固体酸を含む感熱記録紙では，発色反応と消色反応が可逆的に生じる機構が紹介されている。
Rethinking Item Importance in Session-based Recommendation (2020)

Session-based recommendation aims to predict a user's actions at the next timestamp based on anonymous sessions. Previous work mainly focuses on the transition relationship between items that the user interacted with during an ongoing session. They generally fail to pay enough attention to the importance of the items involved in these interactions in terms of their relevance to user's main intent. In this paper, we propose a Session-based Recommendation approach with an Importance Extraction Module, i.e., SR-IEM, that considers both a user's long-term and recent behavior in an ongoing session. We employ a modified self-attention mechanism to estimate item importance in a session, which is then used to predict user's long-term preference. Item recommendations are produced by combining the user's long-term preference and their current interest as conveyed by the last item they interacted with. Comprehensive experiments are conducted on two publicly available benchmark datasets. The proposed SR-IEM model outperforms start-of-the-art baselines in terms of Recall and MRR for the task of session-based recommendation. In addition, compared to state-of-the-art models, SR-IEM has a reduced computational complexity.
Climbing Trajectory Tracking Control of Unmanned Drone based on Total Energy Principle (2019)

In order to make the unmanned drone with energy limitation under the biasing condition still climb to the cruising altitude, a new height controller was designed inspired by the total energy control theory, and the influence of the speed deviation was introduced to adjust the elevator for the total energy distribution, so as to solve the coupling problem between longitudinal trajectory control and velocity control. Taking a certain type of target machine as the object, the simulation is carried out under two kinds of extreme biasing conditions. By comparing the simulation results of the traditional and improved control structure, it shows that the new controller is effective in practical engineering applications.
ChemInform Abstract: Cation Replacement in Lithium Aluminate (α‐LiAlO2) and Catalytic Properties of α‐LiAlO2 and Calcined Hydrogen Aluminum Oxide ( HAlO2) (1992)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: An Oxygen Sensor Using a Process of High‐Temperature Oxidation of Metal. (1999)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Total cost effective scallop free Si etching for 2.5D &amp; 3D TSV fabrication technologies in 300mm wafer (2013)

In recent years, "2.5D silicon interposers" and "Full 3D stacked" technology for high-performance LSI has attracted much attention since this technology can solve interconnection problems using TSV (Through Silicon Via) to electrically connect stacked LSI. 2.5D and 3D Si integration has great advantages over conventional 2D devices such as high packaging density, small wire length, high-speed operation, low power consumption, and high feasibility for parallel processing. But, the radical problem about the TSV production cost is not still solved. In particular, the demand to a new plating bath technology to shorten Cu plating time is expected. On the other hand, TSV isolation liner materials with lower cost for high frequency devices will be necessary in future. “Scallop-free” etching process has developed for TSV fabrication [1]. And, the smooth-sidewall had proved shorten PVD process time [2]. At first, it investigated a cost correlation of taper-shape etching and Cu-ECP (electrochemical plating) in this paper. And then, a polyurea film using a vapor deposition polymerization technology (which is Ulvac's FPF/PV large panel technology) tried introduction as isolation liner for next-generation high frequency device. And, it performed the film formation to a TSV pattern.
Improving the performance of AeroMACS by cooperative communications (2011)

Cooperative communications have gained in the past years an increasing attention, showing promising outcomes on the performance of the systems. The future airport surface communication system represents a potential candidate for the exploitation of these techniques. Focusing on the airport context, we analyze low complexity single-relay cooperative methods. Moreover, we implement a simple amplify and forward scheme showing its performance in the airport communication context.
Biopsy of Soft-Tissue Tumors (1993)

Biopsy is an integral part of the overall management of patients with soft-tissue sarcoma. The types of biopsy are fine needle, trocar, open incision or en bloc excision. There are advantages and disadvantages of each. Open biopsy requires strict adherence to a number of surgical principles. Proper execution requires determination of appropriate biopsy site, meticulous technique, and close collaboration with an experienced pathologist. Failure to adhere to these principles may result in untoward consequences for patients.
Bis(diisopropylamino)cyclopropenium-arene Cations as High Oxidation Potential and High Stability Catholytes for Non-aqueous Redox Flow Batteries (2020)

This Article describes the development of 1,2-bis(diisopropylamino)-3-cyclopropenylium-functionalized (DAC-functionalized) benzene derivatives as high-potential catholytes for non-aqueous redox flow batteries. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations predict that the oxidation potentials (in CH<sub>3</sub>CN) of various DAC-benzene derivatives will range from +0.96 to +1.64 V vs Fc<sup>+/0</sup>, depending upon the substituents on the benzene ring. To test these predictions, a set of eight DAC-arene derivatives were synthesized and evaluated electrochemically. The molecule 1-DAC-4-<i>tert</i>-butyl-2-methoxy-5-pentafluoropropoxybenzene was found to offer the optimal balance of high redox potential (<i>E</i><sub>1/2</sub> = +1.19 V vs Fc<sup>+/0</sup>) and charge-discharge cycling stability (with 92% capacity retention over 116 h of cycling at 0.3 M concentration in a symmetrical flow cell). This optimal derivative was successfully deployed as a catholyte in a non-aqueous redox flow cell with butyl viologen as the anolyte to yield a 2.0 V battery.
CAAS II: A second generation system for off‐line and on‐line quantitative coronary angiography (1994)

The Cardiovascular Angiography Analysis System (CAAS) has been completely redesigned and transferred to a modern platform. The user-friendly environment together with a number of image processing techniques and tools allow easy and fast analysis of cardiovascular angiographic images. These images are obtained either on-line by means of a frame grabber hooked on the video output of the X-ray equipment or off-line by digitising 35-mm cine film frames. In addition, images can be acquired more directly by means of a network link. Images stored on disk in different formats, including MS-DOS, can also be analysed. Accurate and reliable quantitative analysis of coronary stenoses and assessment of their related functional significance may offer the clinician a tool in a stratification of patients at risk. The semireal-time environment will make it possible for the cardiologist to quickly respond to the results of recanalisation procedures while the patient is still in the catheterisation laboratory. The addition of a video front end makes the system available to all clinically relevant X-ray imaging equipment. A detailed comparison with the former CAAS on the basis of analysis of 40 arterial segments in routinely acquired cineangiograms demonstrated no statistically significant differences between the two analysis systems. Repeated analysis of the same segments yielded inter- and intraobserver variabilities for the obstruction diameter of 0.096 and 0.108 mm, respectively. For the computed reference diameter the values are 0.099 and 0.096 mm, respectively, and for the percentage diameter stenosis 4.67 and 5.37%, respectively.
Conformation and crystal structure of the cyclotetradepsipeptide, [D-HyIv-L-MeIleu-D-HyIv-L-MeLeu] (1969)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTConformation and crystal structure of the cyclotetradepsipeptide, [D-HyIv-L-MeIleu-D-HyIv-L-MeLeu]John Harold Konnert and Isabella L. KarleCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1969, 91, 17, 4888–4892Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1969Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1969https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01045a051https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01045a051research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views42Altmetric-Citations45LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Medium-Chain Acyl-CoA Dehydrogenase- and Enoyl-CoA Hydratase-Dependent Bioactivation of 5,6-Dichloro-4-thia-5-hexenoyl-CoA (1995)

5,6-Dichloro-4-thia-5-hexenoic acid (DCTH) is a potent hepato- and nephrotoxin that induces mitochondrial dysfunction in rat liver and kidney. Previous studies indicate that DCTH undergoes fatty acid beta-oxidation-dependent bioactivation. The objectives of the present experiments were to elaborate the bioactivation mechanism of DCTH and to examine the interaction of the coenzyme A thioester of DCTH (DCTH-CoA) with the medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase. In the presence of the terminal electron acceptor ferricenium hexafluorophosphate (FcPF6), DCTH-CoA was oxidized by the medium-chain actyl-CoA dehydrogenase to give 5,6-dichloro-4-thia-trans-2,5-hexadienoyl-CoA. Enoyl-CoA hydratase catalyzed the conversion of 5,6-dichloro-4-thia-trans-2,5-hexadienoyl-CoA to 5,6-dichloro-4-thia-3-hydroxy-5-hexenoyl-CoA, which eliminated 1,2-dichloroethenethiol and gave malonyl-CoA semialdehyde as a product. Chloroacetic acid was detected as a terminal product derived from 1,2-dichloroethenethiol. Incubation of DCTH-CoA with the medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase in the absence of FcPF6 gave 3-hydroxypropionyl-CoA as the major product and resulted in the irreversible inactivation of the enzyme. Under these conditions, DCTH-CoA apparently undergoes a beta-elimination reaction to give 1,2-dichloroethenethiol and acryloyl-CoA, which is hydrated to give 3-hydroxypropionyl-CoA as the terminal product. The beta-elimination product 1,2-dichloroethenethiol may yield reactive intermediates that inactivate the dehydrogenase. Enzyme inactivation was rapid, DCTH-CoA concentration-dependent, and blocked by octanoyl-CoA, but not by glutathione. The medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase was not inactivated by acryloyl-CoA, and little inactivation was observed in the presence of FcPF6. These results show that DCTH-CoA is bioactivated by the mitochondrial fatty acid beta-oxidation system to reactive intermediates. This bioactivation mechanism may account for the observed toxicity of DCTH in vivo and in vitro.