gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
PTPN22 as a rheumatoid arthritis susceptibility but not severity gene (2005)

Chaperonins have classically been thought of as intracellular molecules involved in the correct folding of proteins. Their expression is upregulated during times of stress such as heat (hence their common nomenclature as heat shock proteins [HSP]), anoxia, hypoglycaemia and reactive oxygen species [1]. These are conditions found in infected tissues or in tissues with chronic inflammation such as the rheumatoid synovium. In their intracellular location they protect the cell from apoptotic death due to stress. Increasingly chaperonins have been recognised to subserve extracellular functions for which they have received the name 'chaperokines' since they bind to specific receptors on the cell surface and activate cells of the innate immune system to secrete inflammatory cytokines, chemokines and small molecular weight mediators such as prostaglandins [2]. Indeed, an early event in inflammation is cell stress/necrosis leading to the release of HSP60 and HSP70 that binds via a CD14-mediated mechanism to Toll-like receptors 2 and 4 [2] as part of the 'danger' signal [3]. The secretion of tumour necrosis factor alpha, IL-1, IL-12 and other chemokines prepares the environment for a TH1 adaptive immune response. It is now recognised that some chaperonins, such as BiP and HSP27, may activate the innate immune system to secrete anti-inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-10 [4,5] that may skew the adaptive immune response to TH2. Recent work by our group has shown that BiP can not only prevent but also treat ongoing collagen-induced arthritis in DBA/1 mice [6], suggesting that chaperonins may down modulate ongoing TH1 responses. Thus, it may be possible to suppress rheumatoid inflammation by administration of appropriate chaperonins such as BiP. Finally, chaperonins may be important system regulators determining the outcome between TH1 and Th2 immune responses. References 1.
Standing-wave acoustic trap for nonintrusive positioning of microparticles (1995)

A nonintrusive three-dimensional trap for microscopic particles in a liquid is described. The trap is based on acoustic radiation forces in an ultrasonic confocal standing-wave cavity. Experiments at 11 MHz demonstrate the concept and verify the theoretically calculated forces. Theoretical calculations for higher-frequency systems indicate a significant potential for low-rms-displacement trapping of submicrometer particles, making the trap suitable for nonintrusive scanning near-field optical microscopy.
Abstract 5178: CB002, a novel p53 pathway-restoring compound that induces apoptosis through the pro-apototic protein NOXA (2017)

Abstract P53 is a transcription factor that becomes stimulated upon genotoxic and cellular stress signals ultimately leading to the transcriptional activation of genes involved in processes such as DNA repair, cell cycle arrest, and apoptosis etc. TP53 is the most commonly mutated tumor suppressor and this is associated with cancer initiation, cancer progression and therapy resistance. P53-targeted therapy has proven to be challenging because direct functional restoration of p53 as a transcription factor has been difficult to achieve. We haven taken a different approach by investigating small molecules that functionally restore the p53-signaling pathway instead of direct p53 targeting. To date there is no approved drug that restores the p53 pathway in cancer cells with mutant p53. Therefore, we performed a high-throughput screen to identify such molecules. We identified a family of small molecules, CB002 and its structural analogs, as candidates for restoration of the p53 pathway in p53-null and mutant p53-expressing cancer cells. CB002 was specific in causing apoptosis in colorectal cancer cells and not in normal human fibroblasts cells as indicated by a Sub-G1 assay. Utilizing the xCELLigence RTCA DP system and CIM-Plate we show that CB002 treatment decreases the ability of colorectal cancer cells to migrate. The ability of CB002 to restore the p53 pathway was validated by studying the activation of p53 target genes p21, DR5, and NOXA in various cancer cell lines and expression of well-established apoptotic markers. Stable knockdown of NOXA completely abrogated the expression of cleaved PARP and reduced Sub-G1 cells, implicating the relevance of NOXA as a key mediator of cell death induction by CB002. We are currently exploring the mechanism by which NOXA induces apoptosis, as preliminary results suggest that degradation of Mcl-1 is not required for CB002 mediated cell death. In addition, we are evaluating the ability of CB002 structural analogs in decreasing the stability of mutant p53 using a larger panel of p53 mutants, as CB002 appears to target R175H p53 mutants. Our data supports the continued investigation of CB002 as a p53 pathway-restoring compound that may be further developed as a cancer therapeutic for p53-null tumors as well as tumors with p53 mutations. Citation Format: Liz J. Hernandez Borrero, Shengliang Zhang, David T. Dicker, Wafik S. El-Deiry. CB002, a novel p53 pathway-restoring compound that induces apoptosis through the pro-apototic protein NOXA [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2017; 2017 Apr 1-5; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 5178. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2017-5178
Hierarchical discretized pursuit nonlinear learning automata (2002)

A new absorbing multiaction learning automaton is presented which is epsilon-optimal. The proposed automaton (named HDPNRI) is a hierarchical discretized nonlinear one which utilizes a new pursuit learning algorithm. The HDPNRI automaton has the best performance (speed of convergence, CPU time and accuracy) among all the absorbing learning automata reported in the literature. Extensive simulation results indicate the superiority of HDPNRI's performance. Furthermore, it is proved that the HDPNRI learning automaton is epsilon-optimal in every stationary environment.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
An experimental comparison between a novel and a conventional cooling system for the blown film process (2016)

The blown film extrusion is a significant manufacturing process of plastic films. Compared to other extrusion processes, the productivity is limited by the cooling of the extrudate. A conventional cooling system for the blown film application provides the cooling air tangentially, homogeneous over the whole circumference of the bubble, using a single or dual lip cooling ring. In prior works, major effects could be identified that are responsible for a bad heat transfer. Besides the formation of a boundary sublayer on the film surface due to the fast flowing cooling air, there is the interaction between the cooling jet and the ambient air. In order to intensify the cooling of a tubular film, a new cooling approach was developed, called Multi-Jet. This system guides the air vertically on the film surface, using several slit nozzles over the whole tube formation zone. Hence, the jets penetrate the sublayer. To avoid the interaction with the ambient air, the bubble expansion zone is surrounded by a housing. By means of a numeric investigation, the novel cooling approach and the efficiency of the cooling system could be proved. Thereby, a four times higher local heat transfer coefficient is achieved compared to a conventional cooling device. In this paper, the Multi-Jet cooling system is experimentally tested for several different process conditions. To identify a worth considering cooling configuration of the novel cooling system for the experiment, a simulation tool presets the optimal process parameters. The comparison between the results of the new and a conventional system shows that the novel cooling method is able to gain the same frost line height using a 40% lower cooling air volume flow. Due to the housing of the tube formation zone, a heat recovery can be achieved.
Purification and characterization of multiple carboxymethyl cellulases from bacillus sp. KSM-522. (1990)

Three endo-β-1, 4-glucanases (CMCases E-I, E-II and E-III) from Bacillus sp. KSM-522 were purified to homogeneity by repeated chromatography on DEAE Bio-Gel A. The molecular weights were 78, 000 for E-I, and 61, 000 for both E-II and E-III, as judged on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The optimum pH values for activity and isoelectric points were around 6 and 4.4 for E-I, and 7-10 and 3.5 for both E-II and E-III, respectively. These CMCases hydrolyzed CMC in a similar random fashion. The alkaline CMCases, E-II and E-III, were not distinguishable from each other with respect to temperature-activity curves, temperature-stability curves, substrate specificity, patterns of action on cellooligosaccharides, susceptibility to inhibitors or effects of metal ions.
Identification of the Binding Modes of N-Phenylphthalimides Inhibiting Bacterial Thymidylate Synthase through X-Ray Crystallography Screening (2011)

To identify specific bacterial thymidylate synthase (TS) inhibitors, we exploited phenolphthalein (PTH), which inhibits both bacterial and human enzymes. The X-ray crystal structure of Lactobacillus casei TS (LcTS) that binds PTH showed multiple binding modes of the inhibitor, which prevented a classical structure-based drug design approach. To overcome this issue, we synthesized two phthalimidic libraries that were tested against TS enzymes and then we performed X-ray crystallographic screening of the active compounds. Compounds 6A, 8A, and 12A showed 40-fold higher affinity for bacterial TS than human TS. The X-ray crystallographic screening characterized the binding mode of six inhibitors in complexes with LcTS. Of these, 20A, 23A, and 24A showed a common unique binding mode, whereas 8A showed a different, unique binding mode. A comparative analysis of the LcTS X-ray complexes that were obtained with the pathogenic TS enabled the selection of compounds 8A and 23A as specific compounds and starting points to be exploited for the specific inhibition of pathogen enzymes.
Wrinkle formation during steering in automated fiber placement: Modeling and experimental verification (2018)

Automated fiber placement is being widely applied in the aerospace industry due to its advantages. This technology has the capability to improve the efficiency of composite structures by steering where properties such as stiffness can vary within the same part. However, such steering is limited by process-induced defects such as out-of-plane wrinkles, which occur when the steering radius exceeds its critical limit. The present paper proposes a theoretical model for wrinkle formation during steering of the autoclave thermosetting prepreg. The Rayleigh–Ritz approach is used to model wrinkle formation based on the critical buckling load. The prepreg tape is considered an orthotropic plate resting on a Pasternak elastic foundation, which consists of one elastic spring layer connected to an elastic shear layer. Closed form solutions for predicting both critical steering radius and buckling wavelength is presented. The two foundation parameters and the required mechanical properties of the prepreg are experimentally characterized. The model-predicted results are validated by the experimental results. The results reveal good agreement between the predicted and experimental values. It is also found that a significant improvement in the model was achieved by adding the shear layer to the foundation.
19F Magic Angle Spinning Dynamic Nuclear Polarization Enhanced NMR Spectroscopy (2019)

The introduction of high-frequency, high-power microwave sources, tailored biradicals, and low-temperature magic angle spinning (MAS) probes has led to a rapid development of hyperpolarization strategies for solids and frozen solutions, leading to large gains in NMR sensitivity. Here, we introduce a protocol for efficient hyperpolarization of <sup>19</sup> F nuclei in MAS DNP enhanced NMR spectroscopy. We identified trifluoroethanol-d<sub>3</sub> as a versatile glassy matrix and show that 12 mm AMUPol (with microcrystalline KBr) provides direct <sup>19</sup> F DNP enhancements of over 100 at 9.4 T. We applied this protocol to obtain DNP-enhanced <sup>19</sup> F and <sup>19</sup> F-<sup>13</sup> C cross-polarization (CP) spectra for an active pharmaceutical ingredient and a fluorinated mesostructured hybrid material, using incipient wetness impregnation, with enhancements of approximately 25 and 10 in the bulk solid, respectively. This strategy is a general and straightforward method for obtaining enhanced <sup>19</sup> F MAS spectra from fluorinated materials.
Introduction: The Concepts of ‘Training’ and ‘Education’ in a Military Context (1989)

Military organisations tend to be large, bureaucratic, hierarchical and authoritarian, and they exist for specific purposes. They are essentially fighting organisations although they can also have secondary functions such as the maintenance of internal security in aid of the civil power. On occasion they also provide aid and rescue services in times of natural disasters. Incidentally, they provide careers and a source of adventure. They are a major customer of a number of industries and a stimulus to technological development. But, the major role of the military is to use, or threaten to use, armed force in situations where the normal processes of diplomacy, politics and law become inadequate as a means of achieving or maintaining power and control. In the end, therefore, military organisation and training is directed towards the ultimate and effective use of weapons; and the various supporting services of modern armies are subsidiary to this end.
Neuroimaging in dementia: a national survey of non-radiology specialists, radiologists and radiographers in Ireland (2014)

Poster: ECR 2014 / C-1975 / Neuroimaging in dementia: a national survey of non-radiology specialists, radiologists and radiographers in Ireland by: M.-L. Butler1, A. Ciblis2, J. Durkin2, A. Bokde2, P. Mullins3, D. O'Neill2, J. P. McNulty 2; 1Dublin /IE, 2Dublin/IE, 3Gwynedd/UK
Locally Produced IL-10 Limits Cutaneous Vaccinia Virus Spread (2016)

Skin infection with the poxvirus vaccinia (VV) elicits a powerful, inflammatory cellular response that clears virus infection in a coordinated, spatially organized manner. Given the high concentration of pro-inflammatory effectors at areas of viral infection, it is unclear how tissue pathology is limited while virus-infected cells are being eliminated. To better understand the spatial dynamics of the anti-inflammatory response to a cutaneous viral infection, we first screened cytokine mRNA expression levels after epicutaneous (ec.) VV infection and found a large increase the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10. Ex vivo analyses revealed that T cells in the skin were the primary IL-10-producing cells. To understand the distribution of IL-10-producing T cells in vivo, we performed multiphoton intravital microscopy (MPM) of VV-infected mice, assessing the location and dynamic behavior of IL-10 producing cells. Although virus-specific T cells were distributed throughout areas of the inflamed skin lacking overt virus-infection, IL-10+ cells closely associated with large keratinocytic foci of virus replication where they exhibited similar motility patterns to bulk antigen-specific CD8+ T cells. Paradoxically, neutralizing secreted IL-10 in vivo with an anti-IL-10 antibody increased viral lesion size and viral replication. Additional analyses demonstrated that IL-10 antibody administration decreased recruitment of CCR2+ inflammatory monocytes, which were important for reducing viral burden in the infected skin. Based upon these findings, we conclude that spatially concentrated IL-10 production limits cutaneous viral replication and dissemination, likely through modulation of the innate immune repertoire at the site of viral growth.
Nuclear Dependence of the Transverse-Single-Spin Asymmetry for Forward Neutron Production in Polarized p+A Collisions at sNN=200  GeV (2018)

During 2015, the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) provided collisions of transversely polarized protons with Au and Al nuclei for the first time, enabling the exploration of transverse-single-spin asymmetries with heavy nuclei. Large single-spin asymmetries in very forward neutron production have been previously observed in transversely polarized p+p collisions at RHIC, and the existing theoretical framework that was successful in describing the single-spin asymmetry in p+p collisions predicts only a moderate atomic-mass-number (A) dependence. In contrast, the asymmetries observed at RHIC in p+A collisions showed a surprisingly strong A dependence in inclusive forward neutron production. The observed asymmetry in p+Al collisions is much smaller, while the asymmetry in p+Au collisions is a factor of 3 larger in absolute value and of opposite sign. The interplay of different neutron production mechanisms is discussed as a possible explanation of the observed A dependence.
Antenna phase center effects and measurements in GNSS ranging applications (2010)

Antenna phase center offset (PCO) location and phase center variation (PCV) play an important role in high-precision GNSS ranging applications that use carrier-phase measurements. For ranging systems that use CDMA code-phase measurements, other statistics play a similar role - antenna group delay center offset (GDCO) and group delay variation (GDV). This paper describes the methods of how to measure and compute these statistics based on amplitude and phase pattern measured for a given antenna. A susceptibility analysis of these statistics versus multipath and antenna design parameters is also made. Practical examples on how to deal with undesired movement of PCO or larger variation of PCV is presented as well.
Review of the silicon material task (1984)

The Silicon Material Task of the Flat-Plate Solar Array Project was assigned the objective of developing the technology for low-cost processes for producing polysilicon suitable for terrestrial solar-cell applications. The Task program comprised sections for process developments for semiconductor-grade and solar-cell-grade products. To provide information for deciding upon process designs, extensive investigations of the effects of impurities on material properties and the performance of cells were conducted. The silane process of the Union Carbide Corporation was carried through several stages of technical and engineering development; a pilot plant was the culmination of this effort. The work to establish silane fluidized-bed technology for a low-cost process is continuing. The advantages of the use of dichlorosilane in a Siemens-type process were shown by Hemlock Semiconductor Corporation. The development of other processes is described.
Enterostatin‐A Peptide Regulating Fat Intake (1997)

A high fat intake, together with an inability to match lipid oxidation to fat intake, has been found to be correlated with obesity in humans. This review describes our current understanding of enterostatin, a peptide that selectively reduces fat intake. Enterostatin is formed in the intestine by the cleavage of secreted pancreatic procolipase, the remaining colipase serving as an obligatory cofactor for pancreatic lipase during fat digestion. Enterostatin is also produced in the gastric mucosa and the mucosal epithelia of the small intestine. Procolipase gene transcription and enterostatin release into the gastrointestinal lumen are increased by high-fat diets. After feeding, enterostatin appears in the lymph and circulation. Enterostatin will selectively inhibit fat intake during normal feeding and in experimental paradigms that involve dietary choice. Its anorectic effect has been demonstrated in a number of species. Both peripheral and central sites of action have been proposed. The peripheral mechanism involves an afferent vagal signaling pathway to hypothalamic centers. The central responses are mediated through a pathway that includes both serotonergic and opioidergic components. Chronically, enterostatin reduces fat intake, bodyweight, and body fat. This response may involve multiple metabolic effects of enterostatin, which include a reduction of insulin secretion, an increase in sympathetic drive to brown adipose tissue, and the stimulation of adrenal corticosteroid secretion. A possible pathophysiological role is suggested by studies that have linked low enterostatin production and/or responsiveness to strains of rat that become obese and prefer dietary fat. Humans with obesity also exhibit a lower secretion of pancreatic procolipase after a test meal, compared with persons of normal weight.
In vivourethral dose measurements: A method to verify high dose rate prostate treatments (2000)

Radiation doses delivered in high dose rate (HDR) brachytherapy are susceptible to many inaccuracies and errors, including imaging, planning and delivery. Consequently, the dose delivered to the patient may deviate substantially from the treatment plan. We investigated the feasibility of using TLD measurements in the urethra to estimate the discrepancy in treatments for prostate cancer. The dose response of the 1 mm diam, 6 mm long LiF rods that we used for the in vivo measurements was calibrated with the 192Ir HDR source, as well as a 60Co teletherapy unit. A train of 20 rods contained in a sterile plastic tube was inserted into the urethral (Foley) catheter for the duration of a treatment fraction, and the measured doses were compared to the treatment plan. Initial results from a total of seven treatments in four patients show good agreement between theory and experiment. Analysis of any one treatment showed agreement within 11.7% +/- 6.2% for the highest dose encountered in the central prostatic urethra, and within 10.4% +/- 4.4% for the mean dose. Taking the average over all seven treatments shows agreement within 1.7% for the maximum urethral dose, and within 1.5% for the mean urethral dose. Based on these initial findings it seems that planned prostate doses can be accurately reproduced in the clinic.
Beacon vector routing: scalable point-to-point routing in wireless sensornets (2005)

We propose a practical and scalable technique for point-to-point routing in wireless sensornets. This method, called Beacon Vector Routing (BVR), assigns coordinates to nodes based on the vector of hop count distances to a small set of beacons, and then defines a distance metric on these coordinates. BVR routes packets greedily, forwarding to the next hop that is the closest (according to this beacon vector distance metric) to the destination. We evaluate this approach through a combination of high-level simulation to investigate scaling and design tradeoffs, and a prototype implementation over real testbeds as a necessary reality check.
Predicting Spontaneous Emulsification in Saltwater Environments Using the HLD Model (2021)

Spontaneous emulsification of toluene with nonylphenol polyethoxylate (NPE) and sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate (SDBS) surfactants in saltwater environments was studied. NaCl promoted the spontaneous emulsification of an otherwise non-spontaneous SDBS-toluene system. Dynamic light scattering and turbidity indicated that spontaneity increased with NaCl concentration. The mechanism of spontaneous emulsification was dependent on surfactant type; NPE emulsified via micelle swelling, and SDBS emulsified via nucleation and growth. Hydrophilic lipophilic difference (HLD) calculations were used to model spontaneous emulsification and spontaneity. As HLD approached zero, conditions became more favorable for spontaneous emulsification. Between HLD values of -2.4 and -2.05, samples transitioned from non-spontaneous to spontaneous. This study aids in predicting spontaneous emulsion formation in saltwater environments for applications in nanoemulsion formation and wastewater remediation.