gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Integrated waveguide interferometer with picometric performances (2014)

We present an integrated optical waveguide interferometer highly compact and easy-to-use. Metrological study is focused on the resolution and the noise level of the sensor. A standard Allan deviation lower than 50 pm has been observed in standard environment. Power spectral densities up to 150 fm. Hz <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-1/2</sup> at 10 kHz are achieved. The flicker level is not reached because of the environmental conditions but the high frequency noise is likely to be lower than 100 fm. Hz <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-1/2</sup> . We present measures for steps of 0.5 nm at a sample frequency of 1 kHz. Although we use it as sensing motions measurement over micrometric range, the maximum displacement range is 5 centimeters depending on the output lens which is used.
Water flow calibration facility in France (1 ml/h to 10 000 ml/h) (2012)

Through the world, the tendency to miniaturize all objects is spread widely. Concerning liquid flow metering, several manufacturers are already industrializing instruments specific for small flows. On a metrological point of view, few National Metrological Institutes (NMI) are able to calibrate flowmeters with liquid at flow rate smaller than 1 l.h-1 (2,8.10-7 m3.s-1). During the last five years, LNECETIAT (French NMI) was on progress to design and build a new calibration facility to ensure traceability to the international system of units. This paper will present the concepts and the first results obtained during the validation stage of this new standard.
An electrostatic autoresonant ion trap mass spectrometer (2010)

A new method for ion extraction from an anharmonic electrostatic trap is introduced. Anharmonicity is a common feature of electrostatic traps which can be used for small scale spatial confinement of ions, and this feature is also necessary for autoresonant ion extraction. With the aid of ion trajectory simulations, novel autoresonant trap mass spectrometers (ART-MSs) have been designed based on these very simple principles. A mass resolution approximately 60 is demonstrated for the prototypes discussed here. We report also on the pressure dependencies, and the (mV) rf field strength dependencies of the ART-MS sensitivity. Importantly the new MS designs do not require heavy magnets, tight manufacturing tolerances, introduction of buffer gases, high power rf sources, nor complicated electronics. The designs described here are very inexpensive to implement relative to other instruments, and can be easily miniaturized. Possible applications are discussed.
Animals in a bacterial world, a new imperative for the life sciences (2013)

In the last two decades, the widespread application of genetic and genomic approaches has revealed a bacterial world astonishing in its ubiquity and diversity. This review examines how a growing knowledge of the vast range of animal-bacterial interactions, whether in shared ecosystems or intimate symbioses, is fundamentally altering our understanding of animal biology. Specifically, we highlight recent technological and intellectual advances that have changed our thinking about five questions: how have bacteria facilitated the origin and evolution of animals; how do animals and bacteria affect each other's genomes; how does normal animal development depend on bacterial partners; how is homeostasis maintained between animals and their symbionts; and how can ecological approaches deepen our understanding of the multiple levels of animal-bacterial interaction. As answers to these fundamental questions emerge, all biologists will be challenged to broaden their appreciation of these interactions and to include investigations of the relationships between and among bacteria and their animal partners as we seek a better understanding of the natural world.
Removing Edges Can Increase the Average Number of Colours in the Colourings of a Graph (1998)

It was conjectured by Bartels and Welsh [1] that removing an edge from an n-vertex graph G will not increase the average number of colours in the proper colourings of G if k=n colours are available. This paper shows that for all n&gt;3, and for each k∈{3, 4, …, [lfloor ](3n−6)/2[rfloor ]}, there is a graph on n vertices with an edge whose removal increases the average number of colours in the k-colourings, thus disproving the conjecture.
Physics of Quantum Well and Quantum Dot Infrared Photodetectors (2000)

We review the recent studies of physical effects in quantum well and quantum dot infrared photodetectors utilizing intersubband transitions.
SOI Photonic Wire Based Components with Compact and Efficient Fiber Couplers (2007)

We present compact wavelength selective functions based on SOI photonic wires, like AWGs, Mach-Zehnder filters and ring resonators, fabricated with CMOS processes. We couple to single-mode fiber with grating couplers, which also allow polarization-independent behaviour.
Behavioral styles of computer programmers - revisited (1971)

This paper describes the second phase of a continuing research project concerned with the attributes associated with membership and success in the computer programming occupation.
Will E-books change the world? (2001)

This paper argues that the evolution of e-book technology is related to the penetrating impact of networks and information technology on society. It defines the concept of e-book and describes some aspects of e-book technology. By focusing on book production processes, the paper examines what probable consequences the development of e-books and a global network economy will have for publishers and book industries. E-books, along with other electronic formats, will trigger major changes as the digital products and distribution channels will force the logic of the network economy on the book publishing industry.
STUDIES ON THE IMMUNE RESPONSE TO A CHARACTERIZED ANTIGENIC DETERMINANT OF THE TOBACCO MOSAIC VIRUS PROTEIN (1970)

THE FOLLOWING PEPTIDES HAVE PREVIOUSLY BEEN SHOWN TO BIND SPECIFICALLY WITH ANTIBODIES TO TMVP: (a) An eicosapeptide representing residues 93-112 of TMVP and having the sequence Ileu-Ileu-Glu-Val-Glu-AspNH(2)-GluNH(2)-Ala-AspNH(2)-Pro-Thr-Thr-Ala-Glu-Thr-Leu-Asp-Ala-Thr-Arg. (b) Its C-terminal decapeptide. (c) Its C-terminal pentapeptide. (d) N-octanoyl-C-terminal-tripeptide. (e) (Lys)(4)-C-terminal-pentapeptide. (f) (Lys)(7) C-terminal-pentapeptide. The present communication deals with the investigation of several parameters of the immunological activity of the peptides. The results show that none of the peptides tested were immunogenic in guinea pigs, nor did they stimulate the incorporation of (14)C-thymidine by spleen cells derived from TMVP-primed animals. Results also showed that all of the peptides tested could elicit specific delayed and immediate skin reactions in TMVP-sensitized guinea pigs, and furthermore, that the peptides could specifically inhibit the migration of peritoneal exudate cells derived from these animals. The elicitation of delayed skin reactions and the ability to inhibit migration of peritoneal exudate cells were independent of carrier specificity.
Quick, Correct, and Consistent Text Annotations: An Active Learning-Based Annotation Workflow and Tool for Sequence Labeling of Construction Schedules (2020)

Today, construction planning and scheduling are still conducted by expert planners whose knowledge is preserved in a portfolio of previous construction schedules and weekly work plans. While research has focused on assisting new planners by creating new artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms that automatically learn patterns of construction activities, a common underlying challenge to these algorithms is the lack of annotated data necessary for their training and testing. Towards this goal, this paper provides a new annotation method and an AI-based tool for part-of-activity tagging, i.e., for decoding the constructional functionalities embedded in a given construction activity name such as the activity’s action, object, and location. When annotating, the tool’s active learning mechanism allows the tool’s AI-engine to suggest the most relevant annotations to expert planners performing the task while learning from their approvals and revisions on the fly. We evaluate the applicability of this algorithm on a dataset of ~1,350 construction schedule activities, and we demonstrate that our method enables fast generation of high-quality ground truth annotations. Furthermore, we extend the tool’s capability to provide sequence annotations for any text data and we make it customizable and openly available on GitHub for the benefit of the research community.
Lossless compression of continuous-tone images via context selection, quantization, and modeling (1997)

Context modeling is an extensively studied paradigm for lossless compression of continuous-tone images. However, without careful algorithm design, high-order Markovian modeling of continuous-tone images is too expensive in both computational time and space to be practical. Furthermore, the exponential growth of the number of modeling states in the order of a Markov model can quickly lead to the problem of context dilution; that is, an image may not have enough samples for good estimates of conditional probabilities associated with the modeling states. New techniques for context modeling of DPCM errors are introduced that can exploit context-dependent DPCM error structures to the benefit of compression. New algorithmic techniques of forming and quantizing modeling contexts are also developed to alleviate the problem of context dilution and reduce both time and space complexities. By innovative formation, quantization, and use of modeling contexts, the proposed lossless image coder has a highly competitive compression performance and yet remains practical.
In Vivo Knockdown of TAK1 Accelerates Bone Marrow Proliferation/Differentiation and Induces Systemic Inflammation (2013)

TAK1 (TGF-β Activated Kinase 1) is a MAPK kinase kinase, which activates the p38- and JNK-MAPK and NF-κB pathways downstream of receptors such as Toll-Like-, cytokine- and T-cell and B-cell receptors. Representing such an important node in the pro-inflammatory signal-transduction network, the function of TAK1 has been studied extensively. TAK1 knock-out mice are embryonic lethal, while conditional knock-out mice demonstrated either a pro- or anti-inflammatory function. To study the function of TAK1 protein in the adult immune system, we generated and characterized a transgenic mouse expressing TAK1 shRNA under the control of a doxycycline-inducible promoter. Following treatment of TAK-1 shRNA transgenic mice with doxycycline an effective knockdown of TAK1 protein levels was observed in lymphoid organs and cells in the peritoneal cavity (>50% down regulation). TAK1 knockdown resulted in significant changes in leukocyte populations in blood, bone marrow, spleen and peritoneal cavity. Upon TAK1 knockdown mice demonstrated splenomegaly, signs of systemic inflammation (increased levels of circulating cytokines and increase in cellularity of the B-cell areas and in germinal center development in the follicles) and degenerative changes in heart, kidneys and liver. Not surprisingly, TAK1-Tg mice treated with LPS or anti-CD3 antibodies showed enhanced cytokine/chemokine secretion. Finally, analysis of progenitor cells in the bone marrow upon doxycycline treatment showed increased proliferation and differentiation of myeloid progenitor cells. Given the similarity of the phenotype with TGF-β genetic models, our data suggest that in our model the function of TAK1 in TGF-β signal-transduction is overruling its function in pro-inflammatory signaling.
Realtime DDoS Defense Using COTS SDN Switches via Adaptive Correlation Analysis (2018)

Distributed denial-of-service (DDoS) defense is still a difficult problem though it has been extensively studied. The existing approaches are not capable of detecting various types of DDoS attacks. In particular, new emerging sophisticated DDoS attacks (e.g., Crossfire) constructed by low-rate and short-lived benign traffic are even more challenging to capture. Moreover, it is difficult to enforce realtime defense to throttle these detected attacks since the attack traffic can be concealed in benign traffic. Software defined networking (SDN) opens a new door to address these issues. In this paper, we propose Reinforcing Anti-DDoS Actions in Realtime (RADAR) to detect and throttle DDoS attacks via adaptive correlation analysis built upon unmodified commercial off-the-shelf SDN switches. It is a practical system to defend against a wide range of flooding-based DDoS attacks, e.g., link flooding (including Crossfire), SYN flooding, and UDP-based amplification attacks, while requiring neither modifications in SDN switches/protocols nor extra appliances. It accurately detects attacks by identifying attack features in suspicious flows, and locates attackers (or victims) to throttle the attack traffic by adaptive correlation analysis. We implement RADAR prototype using open source Floodlight controller, and evaluate its performance under various DDoS attacks by real hardware testbed based experiments. We observe that our scheme can successfully detect and effectively defend against various DDoS attacks with acceptable overhead.
Genes Required for Assembly of Pili Associated with the Helicobacter pylori cag Type IV Secretion System (2014)

Helicobacter pylori causes numerous alterations in gastric epithelial cells through processes that are dependent on activity of the cag type IV secretion system (T4SS). Filamentous structures termed "pili" have been visualized at the interface between H. pylori and gastric epithelial cells, and previous studies suggested that pilus formation is dependent on the presence of the cag pathogenicity island (PAI). Thus far, there has been relatively little effort to identify specific genes that are required for pilus formation, and the role of pili in T4SS function is unclear. In this study, we selected 7 genes in the cag PAI that are known to be required for T4SS function and investigated whether these genes were required for pilus formation. cagT, cagX, cagV, cagM, and cag3 mutants were defective in both T4SS function and pilus formation; complemented mutants regained T4SS function and the capacity for pilus formation. cagY and cagC mutants were defective in T4SS function but retained the capacity for pilus formation. These results define a set of cag PAI genes that are required for both pilus biogenesis and T4SS function and reveal that these processes can be uncoupled in specific mutant strains.
Functional tricuspid regurgitation, related right heart remodeling, and available treatment options: good news for patients with heart failure? (2021)

Significant functional tricuspid regurgitation (FTR) represents a poor prognostic factor independent of right ventricular (RV) function. It is usually the consequence of left-sided cardiac diseases that induce RV dilatation and dysfunction, but it can also resulted from right atrial (RA) enlargement and consequent tricuspid annular dilatation. FTR is very frequent among patients with heart failure, particularly in those with reduced LVEF and concomitant functional mitral regurgitation. The development of three-dimensional echocardiography enabled detailed assessment of tricuspid valve anatomy, subvavlular apparatus, and RA and RV changes, as well as accurate evaluation of FTR etiology. Due to high in-hospital mortality risk in patients who were operatively treated for isolated FTR, it has been treated only medically for a long time. Percutaneous approach considers mainly transcatheter tricuspid valve repair (edge-to-edge and annuloplasty) and represents a very attractive option for the high-risk patients. Studies that investigated the effects of different devices showed excellent feasibility and safety, followed by significant reduction in FTR grade, improvement in functional capacity and NYHA class, quality of life, and reduction in hospitalization due to heart failure. Some investigations also reported a decreased mortality in FTR patients. Nevertheless, the results of these investigations should be interpreted with cautious due to the small number of participants and relatively short follow-up. The aim of this review was to summarize the existing data about the clinical importance of FTR and FTR-induced right heart remodeling and currently existing therapeutic approaches for treatment of FTR.
Investigating the IEEE 802.11ad Standard for Millimeter Wave Automotive Radar (2015)

Millimeter wave (mmWave) technology is widely used for automotive radar applications, like adaptive cruise control and obstacle detection. Unlike conventional radar waveforms which are usually propriety, this paper explores the use of a consumer wireless local area network (WLAN) waveform in the 60GHz unlicensed mmWave band for automotive radar applications. In particular, this paper develops a joint framework of long range automotive radar (LRR) and vehicle-to-vehicle communication (V2V) at 60 GHz by exploiting the special data-aided structure (repeated Golay complimentary sequences) of an IEEE 802.11ad single carrier physical layer (SCPHY) frame. This framework leverages the signal processing algorithms used in the typical WLAN receiver for time and frequency synchronization to perform radar parameter estimation. The initial simulation results show that it is possible to achieve the desired range accuracy of 0.1 m with a very high probability of detection (above 99%) using the preamble of a SCPHY frame. Furthermore, the velocity estimation algorithm achieves the desired accuracy of 0.1 m/s at high SNR using the preamble and pilot words of only a single frame.
Genetic Variation Within the β1-Adrenergic Receptor Gene Results in Haplotype-Specific Expression Phenotypes (2008)

Cardiac beta1-adrenergic receptor (beta1AR) responsiveness in heart failure exhibits interindividual variation that may be attributable to polymorphisms of the intronless beta1AR gene. We sought to ascertain the polymorphisms of the full-length gene and the specific combinations of polymorphisms (haplotypes) in two reference populations. Using whole-gene transfections, we established the impact of beta1AR polymorphisms, within the context of haplotypes, on receptor expression. Fifteen polymorphisms within the 6.1-kb gene with allele frequencies > or =0.05 were found in the 5'-flanking and coding regions, but none in the 3'UTR. These were organized into six common haplotypes. Ethnic-specific and cosmopolitan polymorphisms and haplotypes were noted. Whole-gene transfections of A431 cells revealed an association between haplotype and expression, with as much as twofold differences in expression. Phenotypes clustered into three groups, representing high (two haplotypes), intermediate (three haplotypes), and low (one haplotype) expression. We conclude that the beta1AR gene is highly polymorphic and is commonly found in six haplotypic forms in the population. Receptor expression varies by haplotype, which provides the foundation for cardiovascular association studies with enhanced predictive power using beta1AR haplotypes, or haplotype expression clusters, as compared with individual polymorphisms.
Transformers in Self-Supervised Monocular Depth Estimation with Unknown Camera Intrinsics (2022)

The advent of autonomous driving and advanced driver assistance systems necessitates continuous developments in computer vision for 3D scene understanding. Self-supervised monocular depth estimation, a method for pixel-wise distance estimation of objects from a single camera without the use of ground truth labels, is an important task in 3D scene understanding. However, existing methods for this task are limited to convolutional neural network (CNN) architectures. In contrast with CNNs that use localized linear operations and lose feature resolution across the layers, vision transformers process at constant resolution with a global receptive field at every stage. While recent works have compared transformers against their CNN counterparts for tasks such as image classification, no study exists that investigates the impact of using transformers for self-supervised monocular depth estimation. Here, we first demonstrate how to adapt vision transformers for self-supervised monocular depth estimation. Thereafter, we compare the transformer and CNN-based architectures for their performance on KITTI depth prediction benchmarks, as well as their robustness to natural corruptions and adversarial attacks, including when the camera intrinsics are unknown. Our study demonstrates how transformer-based architecture, though lower in run-time efficiency, achieves comparable performance while being more robust and generalizable.
Improving Metal Oxide Semiconductor Device Performance Through the Use of Ion Exchange‐Purified  HF (1993)

Ion‐exchange purification systems were employed at two different semiconductor metal oxide semiconductor (MOS) wafer fabs to purify the dilute hydrofluoric acid solutions used in cleaning silicon wafers. One fab performed the cleans in immersion baths while the other fab used a spray cleaner. Both fabs observed improvements in device performance, as measured in split‐lot gate oxide integrity tests; after they began using the ion exchange‐purified . One fab also observed a significant improvement in refresh characterization time, and a 5% yield improvement at multiprobe. These improvements are believed due to the lower levels of metallic impurities in the ion exchange‐purified . Impurity levels of over 30 elements in the treated are routinely below 1 ppb.
Electrostatic Field and Partial Fermi Level Pinning at the Pentacene−SiO2Interface (2005)

Monolayer islands of pentacene deposited on silicon substrates with thermally grown oxides were studied by electric force microscopy (EFM) and scanning Kelvin probe microscopy (SKPM) in ultrahigh vacuum (UHV) after prior 10 min exposure to atmospheric ambient. On 25-nm-thick oxides, the pentacene islands are 0.5 V higher in electrostatic potential than the silicon dioxide background because of intrinsic contact potential differences. On 2-nm-thin oxides, tunneling across the oxides allows Fermi level equilibration with pentacene associated states. The surface potential difference depends on the doping of the underlying Si substrates. The Fermi level movement at the pentacene SiO(2) interface was restricted and estimated to lie between 0.3 and 0.6 eV above the pentacene valence band maximum. It is proposed that hole traps in the pentacene or at the pentacene-oxide interface are responsible for the observations.
ACOUSTICS2008/2775 Comparison of non linear system identification methods : the example of non linear propagation of acoustic waves in ducts (2008)

The weakly non linear propagation of travelling acoustic waves in ducts is a well known problem leading to approximated analytical solutions. From an experimental point of view, the classical way for estimating the non linear parameters of propagation is to generate sine waves and to analyse the higher order harmonics as a function of the amplitude and the frequency of the excitation. In this work, new methods for estimating the non linear parameters of propagation are developed and compared to the sine excitation based method. The excitation signals associated to these new methods can be stationary noise or logarithmic chirps. For these excitation signals, the data processing is based on Multiple Input Single Output (MISO) direct path method. The comparison is made in terms of signal to noise ratio robustness and computation time. Experimental and theoretical results are also compared. We particularly show that a measurement using only one logarithmic chirp allows estimating accurate results for a broad band of amplitudes and frequencies. Associated computational time is then drastically reduced.