gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Precipitate coarsening during overaging of Al–Zn–Mg–Cu alloy (1999)

The overaging kinetics of Al–Zn–Mg–Cu alloy 7050 at 430–455 K (157–182°C) was investigated by electrical resistivity and tensile property measurements, which were supplemented by TEM and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Overaging in this alloy system was shown to follow classical coarsening behaviour as characterised by a time-1/3 particle size dependence. Changes in solute supersaturation, as measured by electrical resistivity, could be directly related through the Gibbs–Thompson– Freundlich equation to particle size variations, which were inferred from the DSC results. Strength changes, when interpreted in terms of the dislocation looping mechanism, also fit the classical coarsening theory. The activation energy for the coarsening reaction was estimated to be about 160 kJ mol-1, which is 30–40 kJ mol-1 higher than that for solute (Mg,Zn) diffusion. This difference is ascribed to the solution enthalpy of the coarsening precipitate. Precipitate dissolution under non-isothermal conditions (DSC) had an activation energy (∼135 kJ mol-1) closer to that for diffusion.
Membrane model for neutral-carrier-based membrane electrodes containing ionic sites (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMembrane model for neutral-carrier-based membrane electrodes containing ionic sitesRudolf. Eugster, Ursula E. Spichiger, and Wilhelm. SimonCite this: Anal. Chem. 1993, 65, 6, 689–695Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac00054a007https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00054a007research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views184Altmetric-Citations81LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Nalfurafine hydrochloride, a selective κ opioid receptor agonist, has no reinforcing effect on intravenous self-administration in rhesus monkeys (2015)

Nalfurafine hydrochloride [(E)-N-[17-(cyclopropylmethyl)-4,5α-epoxy-3,14-dihydroxymorphinan-6β-yl]-3-(furan-3-yl)-N-methylprop-2-enamide monohydrochloride; nalfurafine] is used in Japan as an antipruritic for the treatment of intractable pruritus in patients undergoing hemodialysis or with chronic liver disease. It is a potent and selective agonist at the κ opioid receptor, but also has weak and partial agonist activity at μ opioid receptors. Opioids, especially those acting at μ receptors, carry a risk of abuse. This is an important factor in the consideration of therapeutic risk vs. benefit in clinical use and the potential for misuse as a public health problem. It is therefore necessary to carefully evaluate the reinforcing effects of nalfurafine. To this end, we investigated intravenous self-administration of nalfurafine in rhesus monkeys. The number of self-administration of nalfurafine at doses of 0.0625, 0.125 and 0.25 μg/kg/infusion was not higher than that of saline in rhesus monkeys that frequently self-administered pentazocine (0.25 mg/kg/infusion). These results indicate that nalfurafine has no reinforcing effect in rhesus monkeys in the intravenous self-administration paradigm.
Coated piezoelectric crystal detector for selective detection of ammonia in the atmosphere (1976)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCoated piezoelectric crystal detector for selective detection of ammonia in the atmosphereL. M. Webber and G. G. GuilbaultCite this: Anal. Chem. 1976, 48, 14, 2244–2247Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1976Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1976https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac50008a048https://doi.org/10.1021/ac50008a048research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views67Altmetric-Citations26LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Carbon-hydrogen bonding in near-frictionless carbon (2008)

The uniquely low friction behavior of near-frictionless carbon (NFC) as compared to conventional diamondlike carbon (DLC) is determined by the bonding within the film. Inelastic neutron scattering (INS) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy were used to probe the bonding environment of carbon and hydrogen; both INS and FTIR can probe the whole sample. Previous work has focused on surface studies; the present results show that in the film as a whole the majority of the hydrogen is adjacent to sp3-bonded carbon. In addition this work has determined the absence of any molecular hydrogen in NFC.
Throughput enhancement in wireless slotted ALOHA with space-time coding and collision processing (2009)

In this paper, we study the throughput enhancement in a wireless slotted ALOHA system, where all users transmit space-time coded information sequences and the destination is able to separate a given number of collided packets. These users operate with the slotted ALOHA protocol to access to the wireless channel resulting in a high probability of collision. To increase the packet throughput of such a system, we propose to separate the collided packets at the destination with a successive interference canceller that performs joint detection: channel estimation and data detection. The multi-user detector that we propose exploits the benefits of both the collision processing and the space-time signature induced by the Alamouti-type space-time block coding to improve the throughput. The validity of the proposed algorithm is highlighted by simulation results.
Halluzinationen bei Patienten mit idiopathischem Parkinson-Syndrom (2021)

Patients with idiopathic Parkinson's disease develop symptoms of the hallucination-psychosis spectrum in more than 20%. Most common are visual hallucinations. The pathogenesis of hallucinations mainly depends on disease duration, the distribution and extent of alpha-synuclein pathology, and modulating effects of the dopaminergic therapy. When managing PD hallucinations both anti-delirogenic actions and medication management are important. However, decrease in dopaminergic medication may lead to critical worsening of akinesia. If appropriate neuroleptic medication - essentially quetiapin or clozapin - can be considered. Instead, anti-dopaminergic neuroleptics should not be used owing to their pro-akinetic side-effects. Here, we provide therapy recommendations to manage PD hallucinations based on an up-to-date targeted review of the literature and expert-based empirical evidence.
Comparison of scintimammography and dedicated emission mammotomography (2005)

Using a 16 cmtimes20 cm medium field of view CZT camera and a compressible breast phantom containing deformable lesions of various sizes and activity concentrations, a detailed comparison is made between 2D, planar scintimammography utilizing various degrees of breast compression and fully 3D, dedicated, uncompressed breast SPECT, or emission mammotomography. A 700 mL compressible anthropomorphic breast phantom attached to a chest plate was developed in order to compare 2D and 3D emission (or transmission) imaging of a breast containing small lesions in the same phantom, while providing physical attributes that mimic realistic imaging conditions including hindrances that could limit otherwise ideal imaging of an isolated breast phantom. Thin walled, tillable, deformable lesions from 40 to 500 microL volume suspended on narrow polyethylene tubing are used so that their shape would change with different degrees of breast compression and also to provide minimal lesion wall and support thicknesses. Experiments were performed with low noise, and lesion-to-background concentration ratios range from 3:1 to 12:1. Scintimammography is performed for equivalent times for compression thicknesses from 6 cm to 12 cm (fully uncompressed) using a single medio-lateral view, and mammotomography is performed for the uncompressed breast for vertical axis of rotation, simple tilted parallel beam, and a trajectory based on a 3-lobed sinusoid projected onto a hemisphere. Image quality, based on lesion SNRs and contrasts, as well as degree of sampled breast volume are evaluated. Dedicated mammotomography appears to be nearly twice as effective as planar scintimammography under these measurement conditions
Infrared antennas coupled to lithographic Fresnel zone plate lenses (2004)

Several designs for Fresnel zone plate lenses (FZPLs) to be used in conjunction with antenna-coupled infrared detectors have been fabricated and tested. The designs comprise square and circular FZPLs with different numbers of Fresnel zones working in transmissive or reflective modes designed to focus infrared energy on a square-spiral antenna connected to a microbolometer. A 163x maximum increase in response was obtained from a 15-zone circular FZPL in the transmissive mode. Sensor measurements of normalized detectivity D* resulted in a 2.67x increase with FZPLs compared with measurements made of square-spiral antennas without FZPLs. The experimental results are discussed and compared with values obtained from theoretical calculations.
MicroRNA‐137‐mediated Src oncogenic signaling promotes cancer progression (2018)

The tyrosine kinase c-Src is frequently overexpressed and activated in a wide variety of human cancers. However, the molecular mechanisms responsible for the upregulation of c-Src remain elusive. To examine whether microRNA-mediated c-Src upregulation promotes cancer progression, we screened miRNAs with complementarity to the 3'-UTR of c-Src mRNA. Among these miRNAs, down-regulation of miR-137 was tightly associated with c-Src-mediated tumor progression of human colon cancer cells/tissues. Re-expression of miR-137 in human colon cancer cells suppressed tumor growth and caused the disruption of focal contacts, suppression of cell adhesion, and invasion, although restoration of c-Src in miR-137-treated cells could not fully rescue the tumor-suppressive effect of miR-137. We found that miR-137 targets AKT2 and paxillin also and miR-137-mediated regulation of c-Src /AKT2 is crucial for controlling tumor growth, whereas that of c-Src/paxillin contributes to malignancy. miR-137 suppressed Src-related oncogenic signaling and changed the expression of miRNAs that are regulated by Src activation. miR-137 controls the expression of c-Src/AKT2/paxillin and synergistically suppresses Src oncogenic signaling evoked from focal adhesions. In various human cancers that harbor c-Src upregulation, the dysfunction of this novel mechanism would serve as a critical trigger for tumor progression.
High plasma membrane lipid order imaged at the immunological synapse periphery in live T cells (2010)

Cholesterol- and glycosphingolipid-enriched membrane lipid microdomains, frequently called lipid rafts, are thought to play an important role in the spatial and temporal organization of immunological synapses. Higher ordering of lipid acyl chains was suggested for these entities and imaging of membrane order in living cells during activation can therefore help to understand the mechanisms responsible for the supramolecular organization of molecules involved in the activation of T cells. Here, we employ the phase-sensitive membrane dye di-4-ANEPPDHQ together with a variety of spectrally-resolved microscopy techniques, including 2-channel ratiometric TIRF microscopy and fluorescence lifetime imaging, to characterize membrane order at the T cell immunological synapse at high spatial and temporal resolution in live cells at physiological temperature. We find that higher membrane order resides at the immunological synapse periphery where proximal signalling through the immunoreceptors and accessory proteins in microclusters has previously been shown to take place. The observed spatial patterning of membrane order in the immunological synapse depends on active receptor signalling.
Negative terahertz conductivity in remotely doped graphene bilayer heterostructures (2015)

Injection or optical generation of electrons and holes in graphene bilayers (GBLs) can result in the interband population inversion enabling the terahertz (THz) radiation lasing. The intraband radiative processes compete with the interband transitions. We demonstrate that remote doping enhances the indirect interband generation of photons in the proposed GBL heterostructures. Therefore, such remote doping helps to surpass the intraband (Drude) absorption, and results in large absolute values of the negative dynamic THz conductivity in a wide range of frequencies at elevated (including room) temperatures. The remotely doped GBL heterostructure THz lasers are expected to achieve higher THz gain compared with previously proposed GBL-based THz lasers.
Bioactivation of 6,7-Dimethyl-2,4-di-1-pyrrolidinyl-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine (U-89843) to Reactive Intermediates That Bind Covalently to Macromolecules and Produce Genotoxicity1 (1996)

U-89843 is a novel pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine antioxidant with prophylactic activity in animal models of lung inflammation. During preclinical safety evaluation, U-89843 was found to give a positive response in the in vitro unscheduled DNA synthesis (UDS) assay, an assay which measures DNA repair following chemically-induced DNA damage in metabolically competent rat hepatocytes. Incubation of [14C]U-89843 with liver microsomes resulted in covalent binding of radioactive material to macromolecules by a process that was NADPH-dependent. U-89843 has been shown to undergo C-6 methylhydroxylation to give U-97924, in rat both in vivo and in vitro, in a reaction catalyzed by cytochrome P450 2C11. Synthetical U-97924 is chemically reactive and undergoes dimerization in aqueous solution. The dimerization of U-97924 was significantly inhibited by addition of nucleophiles such as methanol, glutathione, and N-acetylcysteine. Characterization of the corresponding methanol, glutathione, and N-acetylcysteine adducts of U-97924 supported the hypothesis of a reaction pathway involving reactive iminium species formed via dehydration of U-97924. The metabolism-dependent irreversible covalent binding of radioactive material to liver microsomal protein and DNA also is dramatically reduced in the presence of reduced glutathione (GSH). A trifluoromethyl analog of U-89843 was prepared in an effort to block the corresponding metabolic hydroxylation pathway. This new compound (U-107634) was found to be negative in the in vitro UDS assay, and its metabolic susceptibility toward hydroxylation at the C-6 methyl group was eliminated. These observations suggest that the positive in vitro UDS results of U-89843 are mediated by the bioactivation of U-89843, leading to reactive electrophilic intermediates derived from the (hydroxymethyl)pyrrole metabolite U-97924.
5-Lipoxygenase Metabolites Inhibit Bone Formation in Vitro (1998)

The leukotrienes and peptido-leukotrienes are 5-lipoxygenase (5-LO) metabolites of arachidonic acid that appear to have unique effects on bone, distinct from those of the prostaglandins. Application of exogenous leukotrienes in vitro and in vivo results in increased osteoclast formation and bone resorption. While 5-LO metabolites of arachidonic acid clearly stimulate osteoclastic bone resorption, little is known concerning their effects on osteoblastic bone formation. We examined the effects of the 5-LO metabolites 5-HETE, the leukotriene LTB4 and, as representative of the peptido-leukotrienes, LTD4 on the formation of mineralized nodules of fetal rat calvarial cells in the presence of dexamethasone and recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP-2). We also examined the effects of these 5-LO metabolites on alkaline phosphatase activity and cell proliferation in these cultures and the effects of 5-HETE and LTB4 on cultured explants of neonatal murine calvariae. We found that the bone-forming capacity of osteoblasts was impaired when cells were cultured in the presence of 5-LO metabolites. These data indicate that metabolites of the 5-LO pathway are negative regulators of bone formation. The continued presence of these metabolites in the bone environment might account, in part, for the bone loss associated with chronic inflammatory conditions.
Cover Picture: Design of Original Bioactive Formulations Based on Sugar–Surfactant/Non‐steroidal Anti‐inflammatory Catanionic Self‐Assemblies: A New Way of Dermal Drug Delivery (Chem. Eur. J. 11/2007) (2007)

An original catanionic assembly based on a sugar‐derived surfactant and a non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drug (NSAID) is described by I. Rico‐Lattes et al. in their Full Paper on page 3039 ff. These catanionic vesicles provided a bioactive formulation for the dermal administration of NSAIDs. This original formulation showed very interesting benefits. It improved the anti‐inflammatory activity of the NSAID in vivo and it ensured a slower diffusion of the NSAID through the skin.
A Monolithic CMOS 5V/1V Switched Capacitor DC-DC Step-down Converter (2007)

A 5V/1V Switched Capacitor DC-DC converter is designed and fabricated in a 0.35 <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">μm</i> CMOS technology. The high side and low side driver circuits and control circuit for the converter are integrated. A folded cascode high speed CMOS operational amplifier is designed as an integral part of the control circuit. Test structures are fabricated as part of the main chip to validate simulation results and theoretical analysis. The switched capacitor topology and its operation are discussed in detail. The converter is designed to work at 25MHz switching frequency and achieve 5V to 1V power conversion. The use of small capacitors is made possible by higher frequency operation, thus enabling fabrication of capacitors on chip. The converter is simulated in Mentor-graphics analogue environment with AMS BSIM3v3 CMOS libraries over temperature and all process corners. The analytical solutions and simulation results are compared with the experiment results to validate the design. The design issues and layout issues of monolithic integration of switched capacitor DC-DC converters are discussed.
Hormone Crosstalk in Plant Disease and Defense: More Than Just JASMONATE-SALICYLATE Antagonism (2011)

Until recently, most studies on the role of hormones in plant-pathogen interactions focused on salicylic acid (SA), jasmonic acid (JA), and ethylene (ET). It is now clear that pathogen-induced modulation of signaling via other hormones contributes to virulence. A picture is emerging of complex crosstalk and induced hormonal changes that modulate disease and resistance, with outcomes dependent on pathogen lifestyles and the genetic constitution of the host. Recent progress has revealed intriguing similarities between hormone signaling mechanisms, with gene induction responses often achieved by derepression. Here, we report on recent advances, updating current knowledge on classical defense hormones SA, JA, and ET, and the roles of auxin, abscisic acid (ABA), cytokinins (CKs), and brassinosteroids in molding plant-pathogen interactions. We highlight an emerging theme that positive and negative regulators of these disparate hormone signaling pathways are crucial regulatory targets of hormonal crosstalk in disease and defense.
NCCN Guidelines Insights: Soft Tissue Sarcoma, Version 1.2021 (2020)

The NCCN Guidelines for Soft Tissue Sarcoma provide recommendations for the diagnosis, evaluation, treatment, and follow-up for patients with soft tissue sarcomas. These NCCN Guidelines Insights summarize the panel discussion behind recent important updates to the guidelines, including the development of a separate and distinct guideline for gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs); reconception of the management of desmoid tumors; inclusion of further recommendations for the diagnosis and management of extremity/body wall, head/neck sarcomas, and retroperitoneal sarcomas; modification and addition of systemic therapy regimens for sarcoma subtypes; and revision of the principles of radiation therapy for soft tissue sarcomas.
A Noninvasive Accurate Measurement of Blood Glucose Levels with Raman Spectroscopy of Blood in Microvessels (2019)

Raman spectra of human skin obtained by laser excitation have been used to non-invasively detect blood glucose. In previous reports, however, Raman spectra thus obtained were mainly derived from the epidermis and interstitial fluid as a result of the shallow penetration depth of lasers in skin. The physiological process by which glucose in microvessels penetrates into the interstitial fluid introduces a time delay, which inevitably introduces errors in transcutaneous measurements of blood glucose. We focused the laser directly on the microvessels in the superficial layer of the human nailfold, and acquired Raman spectra with multiple characteristic peaks of blood, which indicated that the spectra obtained predominantly originated from blood. Incorporating a multivariate approach combining principal component analysis (PCA) and back propagation artificial neural network (BP-ANN), we performed noninvasive blood glucose measurements on 12 randomly selected volunteers, respectively. The mean prediction performance of the 12 volunteers was obtained as an RMSEP of 0.45 mmol/L and R<sup>2</sup> of 0.95. It was no time lag between the predicted blood glucose and the actual blood glucose in the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). We also applied the procedure to data from all 12 volunteers regarded as one set, and the total predicted performance was obtained with an RMSEP of 0.27 mmol/L and an R<sup>2</sup> of 0.98, which is better than that of the individual model for each volunteer. This suggested that anatomical differences between volunteer fingernails do not reduce the prediction accuracy and 100% of the predicted glucose concentrations fall within Region A and B of the Clarke error grid, allowing acceptable predictions in a clinically relevant range. The Raman spectroscopy detection of blood glucose from microvessels is of great significance of non-invasive blood glucose detection of Raman spectroscopy. This innovative method may also facilitate non-invasive detection of other blood components.