gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A View from Computer Science (2013)

In this chapter, we use data collected from World of Warcraft (WoW) to examine the social impacts of online multiplayer gaming. We describe broad patterns of sociability in WoW, focusing on social interactions in the groups and guilds formed by the players to collaborate with each other. We then look at differences in play patterns between users with different socio-psychological profiles, in order to tease out the impact of individual factors on WoW's social life. Consistent with the theme of this handbook, we pay particular attention in both cases to social isolation, highlighting if, when, and where our data supports the notion that online games may promote solitude. As will become apparent, we believe instead that online games promote new forms of “ambient sociability” where solitude can be experienced on purpose, for its own sake and with beneficial impacts due to unique properties of these electronic communities.
Double Emulsion Generation Using a Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) Co-axial Flow Focus Device (2015)

Double emulsions are useful in a number of biological and industrial applications in which it is important to have an aqueous carrier fluid. This paper presents a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) microfluidic device capable of generating water/oil/water double emulsions using a coaxial flow focusing geometry that can be fabricated entirely using soft lithography. Similar to emulsion devices using glass capillaries, double emulsions can be formed in channels with uniform wettability and with dimensions much smaller than the channel sizes. Three dimensional flow focusing geometry is achieved by casting a pair of PDMS slabs using two layer soft lithography, then mating the slabs together in a clamshell configuration. Complementary locking features molded into the PDMS slabs enable the accurate registration of features on each of the slab surfaces. Device testing demonstrates formation of double emulsions from 14 µm to 50 µm in diameter while using large channels that are robust against fouling and clogging.
Arrangement of the subunits in solubilized and membrane-bound cytochrome c oxidase from bovine heart. (1975)

The arrangement of the six cytochrome c oxidase subunits in the inner membrane of bovine heart mitochondria was investigated. The experiments were carried out in three steps. In the first step, exposed subunits were coupled to the membrane-impermeant reagent p-diazonium benzene [32S]sulfonate. In the second step, the membranes were lysed with cholate anc cytochrome c oxidase was isolated by immunoprecipitation. In the third step, the six cytochrome c oxidase subunits were separated from each other by dodecyl sulfate-acrylamide gel electrophoresis and scanned for radioactivity. Exposed subunits on the outer side of the mitochondrial inner membrane were identified by labeling intact mitochondria. Exposed subunits on the matrix side of the inner membrane were identified by labeling sonically prepared submitochondrial particles in which the matrix side of the inner membrane is exposed to the suspending medium. Since sonic irradiation leads to a rearrangement of cytochrome c oxidase in a large fraction of the resulting submitochondrial particles, an immunochemical procedure was developed for isolating particles with a low content of displaced cytochrome c oxidase. With mitochondria, subunits II, V, and VI were labeled, whereas in purified submitochondrial particles most of the label was in subunit III. The arrangement of cytochrome c oxidase in the mitochondrial inner membrane is thus transmembraneous and asymmetric; subunits II, V, and VI are situated on the outer side, subunit III is situated on the matrix side, and subunits I and IV are buried in the interior of the membrane. In a study of purified cytochrome c oxidase labeled with p-diazonium benzene [32S]sulfonate, the results were similar to those obtained with the membrane-bound enzyme. Subunits I and IV were inaccessible to the reagent, whereas the other four subunits were accessible. In contrast, all six subunits became labeled if the enzyme was dissociated with dodecyl sulfate before being exposed to the labeling reagent.
Laser seeded electron beam filamentation in high intensity laser wakefield acceleration (2012)

In previous laser wakefield acceleration experiments, electron beam filamentation was observed due to the current filamentation instability, which occurred in laser-plasma interaction lengths greater than the laser depletion length [1]. Recent experiments using the HERCULES laser, with approximately 160TW, also showed the appearance of multiple electron beams observed consistently. Due to the laser's high intensity, and astigmatism in the focusing optics, localized hot spots in the laser profile before and after focus resulted in multiple wakefield generation. Through self-focusing in the wakefields, the laser pulse broke into individual filaments, which lead to the acceleration of multiple beamlets.
Synthesis and Biological Activity of N-Sulfonylphosphoramidates:  Probing the Electrostatic Preferences of Alkaline Phosphatase (2001)

N-Sulfonylphosphoramidates have been synthesized to investigate the electrostatic requirements for binding to alkaline phosphatase. Alkyl- and aryl N-benzylated sulfonamides were phosphorylated with bromophosphates or synthesized via phosphoramidite chemistry in moderate yields (44-77%.) The resulting tribenzylated N-sulfonylphosphoramidates may be deprotected in one step to give the free acids in quantitative yields. Physical data of N-sulfonylphosphoramidates, including pK(a)'s and stability toward hydrolysis, were determined. Inhibition data suggests that AP does not bind trianionic N-sulfonylphosphoramidates better than dianionic N-sulfonylphosphoramidates, although N-sulfonylphosphoramidates are bound tighter than N-phenylphosphoramidate. k(cat) for the hydrolysis of N-sulfonylphosphoramidates by bovine and E. coli alkaline phosphatases is 10-60% that of p-nitrophenyl phosphate.
Reinforcement of poly(dimethylsiloxane) elastomers using bioinspired silica (2004)

Elastomers typically require the incorporation of reinforcing fillers in order to improve their mechanical properties. Fumed and precipitated silica are made on an industrial scale for many applications including elastomer reinforcement. We have shown recently that biological and synthetic macromolecules can generate new silica structures using a bioinspired route. Herein we have incorporated bioinspired silica fillers into poly(dimethylsiloxane) elastomers. The equilibrium stress-strain characteristics of the elastomers were then determined as a function of filler loading. The thermal characteristics, in particular glass transition temperature and melting point of the elastomers were characterized using differential scanning calorimetry and the morphology of the samples and the filler dispersion were characterized using Scanning Electron Microscopy . Although spherical silica particles were used here, this bioinspired synthetic route also enables highly asymmetric silica structures to be prepared. This methodology therefore offers the interesting possibility of preparing hybrid systems where the properties are highly anisotropic
Incidence and Short-term Prognosis of Infective Endocarditis in Denmark, 1980-1997 (2003)

Infective endocarditis is a serious bacterial infection, but there are relatively few data about its occurrence and prognosis. The incidence rate, 30-d case fatality and mortality rate of infective endocarditis were estimated in this registry-based cohort study. The Danish National Registry of Patients was used to estimate national incidence rates, and information on the date of death was obtained through linkage to the Civil Registration System. The study included 3351 patients with infective endocarditis from 1980 to 1997. The incidence rate for men increased from 4 to 6 per 100,000 person-years, and for women from 3 to 4 per 100,000 person-years. The mean incidence rate varied from 1.5 per 100,000 person-years in women younger than 50 y to 15.5 in men older than 70 y. The incidence increased in most age groups but was most pronounced in younger men. The overall 30-d case fatality rate of 23% increased with age and decreased with calendar time. The mean mortality rate was 0.94 per 100,000 y and decreased in the study period in most age groups. There was an increasing incidence of infective endocarditis and an improvement in the prognosis.
Domed Silica Microcylinders Coated with Oleophilic Polypeptides and Their Behavior in Lyotropic Cholesteric Liquid Crystals of the Same Polypeptide (2016)

Liquid crystals can organize dispersed particles into useful and exotic structures. In the case of lyotropic cholesteric polypeptide liquid crystals, polypeptide-coated particles are appealing because the surface chemistry matches that of the polymeric mesogen, which permits a tighter focus on factors such as extended particle shape. The colloidal particles developed here consist of a magnetic and fluorescent cylindrically symmetric silica core with one rounded, almost hemispherical end. Functionalized with helical poly(γ-stearyl-l-glutamate) (PSLG), the particles were dispersed at different concentrations in cholesteric liquid crystals (ChLC) of the same polymer in tetrahydrofuran (THF). Defects introduced by the particles to the director field of the bulk PSLG/THF host led to a variety of phases. In fresh mixtures, the cholesteric mesophase of the PSLG matrix was distorted, as reflected in the absence of the characteristic fingerprint pattern. Over time, the fingerprint pattern returned, more quickly when the concentration of the PSLG-coated particles was low. At low particle concentration the particles were "guided" by the PSLG liquid crystal to organize into patterns similar to that of the re-formed bulk chiral nematic phase. When their concentration increased, the well-dispersed PSLG-coated particles seemed to map onto the distortions in the bulk host's local director field. The particles located near the glass vial-ChLC interfaces were stacked lengthwise into architectures with apparent two-dimensional hexagonal symmetry. The size of these "crystalline" structures increased with particle concentration. They displayed remarkable stability toward an external magnetic field; hydrophobic interactions between the PSLG polymers in the shell and those in the bulk LC matrix may be responsible. The results show that bio-inspired LCs can assemble suitable colloidal particles into soft crystalline structures.
Use Condition Characterization of MLCCs (2009)

Capacitors play an important role in the analysis and design of power delivery networks for packages and printed circuit boards. Accurate characterization of multilayer ceramic capacitors is needed to understand product operation. A key aspect of multilayer ceramic capacitor is characterization at the user's expected operation conditions. Literature is widely available to illustrate capacitor performance as a function of a single operating condition. This paper will introduce a method to characterize capacitors while applying multiple operating conditions simultaneously. As well as application of the appropriate operating conditions, it is critical to represent the measured response with a precise model. This paper will also introduce a higher-order model that is comparatively simple to implement, yet allows accurate representation of capacitor behavior over the frequency of interest.
Distributing Shared Regenerator Information in GMPLS-Controlled Translucent Networks (2008)

Sparse opto-electronic regenerators are used in optical networks to overcome optical signal quality degradations. Regenerators can be time-shared by dynamic lightpaths. However, current GMPLS control plane does not distribute regenerator information to network nodes. Three regenerator information distribution methods for GMPLS-controlled networks are proposed. The first one, Regeneration Availability during Signaling (RAS), is based on the RSVP- TE signaling protocol, while the others, Regeneration Capability Advertisement (RCA) and Regeneration Availability Advertisement (RAA), are based on the OSPF-TE routing protocol. Simulations show that RAA obtains the lowest blocking, while RCA the highest. Moreover, RAA only slightly increases the control plane load compared to RAS.
A routing clean-up methodology for improvement of defect and lithography related yield (2008)

Particle induced defects are still one of the major sources of yield loss in semiconductor manufacturing. In addition, optical distortion of shapes cannot be ignored in modern technologies and requires increasing design effort in order to avoid yield loss and minimize manufacturing costs. Although suppliers of automated routing tools are increasingly addressing these issues, we still see significant improvement potential even in layouts produced by routers attributed as DfM aware. We propose a post-routing clean-up step to address both defect and lithography related yield loss in the routing layers. In contrast to a "find and fix" approach, this methodology creates lithography friendly layout "by construction", based on the general concept of shape simplification and standardization.
<title>Identifying requirements for end-face quality of polymer waveguides</title> (1995)

Surface irregularities on a waveguide are influenced by material composition, the process by which polymer was made, and the technique used to fabricate the end-face. Different end-face preparation techniques (laser ablation, sawing, cleaving, reactive ion etching) produces different kind of surface terrain. Surface features, big compared to the wavelength of light, are represented as phase distortions superimposed on the Gaussian excitation beam, optimized to get maximum coupling efficiency. Similarity between the excitation beam and the fundamental waveguide mode is a measure of coupling loss due to different type of surface errors. To investigate the effect of surface roughness on coupling efficiency, several different surfaces were considered. These included sinusoidal phase gratings, spherical groove, cylindrical groove, wedges and delamination of the waveguide layers. For each tupe of surface error, a critical parameter was identified, and the associated value for that parameter was determined for a given tolerable coupling loss.
Valine increases milk fat synthesis in mammary gland of gilts through stimulating AKT/MTOR/SREBP1 pathway† (2019)

Lactating mammary glands are among the most active lipogenic organs and provide a large percentage of bioactive lipids and calories for infant growth. The branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) valine is known to modulate fatty acids synthesis in adipose tissue; however, its effects on fat metabolism and the underlying mechanisms in mammary glands remain to be determined. Valine supplementation during late pregnancy significantly increased the contents of total milk fat, triglyceride, sphingomyelin, and polyunsaturated fatty acids in the colostrum of gilts. Further study in porcine mammary epithelial cells (PMECs) confirmed that valine upregulated the phosphorylation levels of AKT-activated MTOR and subsequently induced the nuclear accumulation of sterol regulatory element binding protein 1 (SREBP1), thus increasing the expression of proteins related to fatty acids synthesis and intracellular triacylglycerol content. Inhibition of AKT/MTOR signaling or silencing of SREBP1 in PMECs downregulates the expression of proteins related to fatty acids synthesis and intracellular triacylglycerol content. Our findings indicated that valine enhanced milk fat synthesis of colostrum in porcine mammary glands via the AKT/MTOR/SREBP1 signaling pathway.
Tunable ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic interfacial exchange coupling in perpendicularly magnetized L1-MnGa/Co2FeAl Heusler bilayers (2014)

In this work, we report a tailorable exchange coupling (Jex) at the Mn62Ga38/Co2FeAl interface, where Mn62Ga38 and Co2FeAl alloys are tetragonal Heusler alloy with high perpendicular magnetic anisotropy and typical cubic Heusler alloy with soft magnetism, respectively. As the post annealing temperature (Ta) is lower than 375 °C, the Jex is ferromagnetic with strength controllable from 7.5 to 0.5 erg/cm2. Interestingly, as Ta increases higher than 400 °C, an antiferromagnetic Jex of −5.5 erg/cm2 is observed. The ferromagnetic/antiferromagnetic transition is further evidenced by the spin dependent transport property of the magnetic tunnel junctions with Mn62Ga38/Co2FeAl as electrode. Based on structure characterization, the variation of Jex during annealing is discussed.
Affinity Separations (1993)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Affinity Adsorption Chromatography Other Affinity Techniques New or Improved Concepts and Applications Summary References
Gliomatosis cerebri: clinical, radiological and pathological report of a case with a stroke-like onset. (1996)

A 62 year-old man was admitted with a right hemiparesis, sensory aphasia and right hemianopia which appeared on awakening. He was initially thought to have a stroke, but EEG showed diffuse slowing and both CT scan and MRI irregular white matter lesion suggesting a leucoencephalopathy. His neurological deficit regressed, and he was discharged after 2 weeks. He was readmitted 6 months later because of mental confusion. MRI revealed diffuse white matter lesions extending up to the frontal lobes, these were hyperintense on T2 weighted images and suggested the diagnosis of gliomatosis cerebri (GC). The patient became progressively comatose and died 6 weeks later. At autopsy the brain looked diffusely swollen with irregular greyish areas of the white matter of both centrum ovale and brain stem. On microscopic examination the cerebrum and brain stem were diffusely and asymmetrically infiltrated by numerous neoplastic glial cells without angiogenesis or disruption of architectonic boundaries. There were no mitoses nor necrosis. Many tumour cells were GFAP- and S100-positive. A high proportion of cells contained the leucocyte antigen Leu-7. This case of gliomatosis cerebri is compared to the 9 published cases of GC with an initial focal neurological deficit and to the 19 publications reporting MRI results. The controversial nosological boundaries and etiopathogenetic hypotheses of this peculiar neoplastic disease are discussed.
Proposed arrangement of the seven transmembrane helices in the secretin receptor family. (1998)

An arrangement of the seven transmembrane alpha-helices of the G protein-coupled Secretin receptor family is proposed. The helices of 27 homologous receptor sequences were plotted as helical wheels. The solvent inaccessible portion of each helix was used to assign relative orientations. They were arranged according to two criteria: 1) conserved, hydrophilic residues and aligned positions with restricted volume changes face the other helices and 2) aligned positions with low identity and large volume change face the lipid. The positive inside rule confirms the assumption that loops connecting transmembrane helices I-II, III-IV, V-VI and the C-terminal part of the receptors are intracellular. Our model approach was tested using the Bacteriorhodopsin family. The use of volume changes at each position in the transmembrane helix was crucial for the good correlation of the orientation of the helices using the model approach and the structure of bacteriorhodopsin solved by electron microscopy [Grigorieff N, Ceska TA, Downing KH, Baldwin JM, and Henderson R (1996) J Mol Biol 259 393-421]. The tests of our modelling approach showed that six helices were within a 15 degrees derivation in the orientation and five helices were within a horizontal derivation of two residues. The largest orientational derivations of a helix were 40 degrees and the largest horizontal displacement was four residues. A long stretch of side chains predicted to possess low resistance to movement in helix V of the Secretin receptor family suggests an involvement in receptor activation. Comparison of the Secretin receptor family and the larger G protein-coupled Rhodopsin family showed many similarities, despite the lack of obvious sequence identity.
Coexistence of type-I and type-II band line-ups in 1-2 monolayer thick GaN/AlN single quantum wells (2017)

GaN/AlN quantum wells (QWs) with varied nominal thickness of 0.5-4 monolayers have been studied by time-resolved photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy. The structures demonstrate an emission peak with the thickness-dependent wavelength in the range 225-320 nm. The observed temporal behavior of PL between 225 and 280 nm can be described as a superposition of fast and slow decaying components with characteristic decay time constants of the order of 0.1-0.7 ns and 7-30 ns, respectively. The fast PL component with the decay time smaller than 1 ns dominates in the thicker GaN insertions and tends to vanish in the thinnest ones, where the slow PL component becomes progressively longer. These observations imply formation in the GaN/AlN monolayer-thick layers of an inhomogeneous excitonic system involving both direct and indirect in space excitons.
Continuum Equilibria for Routing in Dense Ad-hoc Networks (2007)

International audience
Semantic World Models for Ubiquitous Augmented Reality (2005)

Augmented reality (AR) applications use geometric models as a central component of their operation. Both rendering and interaction require a detailed knowledge of the environment and the objects to be visualized. Usually such models are created especially for a single application and provide exactly the required information. With the combination of AR and ubiquitous computing more complex requirements for such models are appearing. In this paper we describe our experimental prototypes of semantic data models for ubiquitous augmented reality applications and discuss some further research directions and approaches to such world models.
Superhydrophobic hybrid micro-nanocomposites for non-stick and self-cleaning coatings (2014)

A hybrid micro-nanocomposites suspension was prepared in a simple and economically approachable way using lotus leaf powder/polymethylhydroxysiloxane/phenyl-substituted silica ormosil. The suspension was coated on a glass or a laminating film at various spin coating speeds (500, 1000, and 2000 rpm). Surface properties, transparency, contact angle (CA), non-stick, and self-cleaning properties of the spin-coated surfaces were measured. The hybrid micro-nanocomposites suspension shows superhydrophobic property (CA over 175°) on the glass or laminating film substrates. The superhydrophobicity of the fabricated surfaces was stable up to 500 °C but became superhydrophilic when drying at or above 550 °C for 5 h. The hybrid also displays excellent non-stick and self-cleaning behaviors (against Zn dust with <10 µm size, Portland cement and sea sand) on a spin-coated substrate.
Conformational studies of dibenzo-16-crown-5 lariat ethers (1996)

Abstract Conformations of sym-(R)(OR′)dibenzo-16-crown-5 compounds with R = decyl and R′ = H, CH3, CH2CO2H, and CH2CO2CH3, as well as R = alkyl, fluoroalkyl, alkenyl, and alkynyl and R′ = CH2CO2H, in solution have been probed by NMR spectroscopy. The difference in chemical shifts of the diastereotopic hydrogens for the methylene groups adjacent to the geminally substituted ring carbon is utilized to assess the ease of inversion of the three-carbon bridges. For lariat ethers with R = C10H21, the chemical shift difference is much larger when R′ = CH2CO2H and CH2CO2CH3 than H and CH3. In non-hydrogen bonding solvents, the chemical shift difference for lariat ethers with R = C10H21 is much larger when R′ = CH2CO2H than CH2CO2CH3 which demonstrates intramolecular hydrogen bonding of the carboxylic acid-containing side arm with a crown ether oxygen.