gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Learned self-regulation of the lesioned brain with epidural electrocorticography (2014)

Introduction: Different techniques for neurofeedback of voluntary brain activations are currently being explored for clinical application in brain-related disorders. One of the most frequently used approaches is the self-regulation of oscillatory signals recorded with electroencephalography (EEG). Many patients are, however, not in a position to use such tools. This could be due to the specific anatomical and physiological properties of the patient's brain after the lesion, as well as to methodological issues related to the technique chosen for recording brain signals. Methods: A patient with extended ischemic lesions of the cortex was unable to gain volitional control of sensorimotor oscillations when using a standard EEG-based approach. We provided him with a neurofeedback set-up with which his brain activity could be recorded from the epidural space by electrocorticography (ECoG). Results: Ipsilesional epidural recordings of field potentials facilitated learned self-regulation of brain oscillations in an online closed-loop paradigm and allowed swift and reliable neurofeedback training for a period of four weeks on a daily basis. Conclusion: Epidural implants may decode and train brain activity even when the cortical physiology is distorted following severe brain injury. Such practice would allow for reinforcement learning of preserved neural networks and may well provide restorative tools for those patients who are worst afflicted.
Tin-Doped Indium Oxide-Titania Core-Shell Nanostructures for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells (2014)

Dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) hold great promise in the pursuit of reliable and cheap renewable energy. In this work, tin-doped indium oxide (ITO)-TiO 2 core-shell nanostructures are used as the photoanode for DSSCs. High-density, vertically aligned ITO nanowires are grown via a thermal evaporation method and TiO 2 is coated on nanowire surfaces via TiCl 4 treatment. It is found that high TiO 2 annealing temperatures increase the crystallinity of TiO 2 shell and suppress electron recombination in the core-shell nanostructures. High annealing temperatures also decrease dye loading. The highest efficiency of 3.39% is achieved at a TiO 2 annealing temperature of 500°C. When HfO 2 blocking layers are inserted between the core and shell of the nanowire, device efficiency is further increased to 5.83%, which is attributed to further suppression of electron recombination from ITO to the electrolyte. Open-circuit voltage decay (OCVD) measurements show that the electron lifetime increases by more than an order of magnitude upon HfO 2 insertion. ITO-TiO 2 core-shell nanostructures with HfO 2 blocking layers are promising photoanodes for DSSCs.
The Language, Tone and Prosody of Emotions: Neural Substrates and Dynamics of Spoken-Word Emotion Perception (2016)

Rapid assessment of emotions is important for detecting and prioritizing salient input. Emotions are conveyed in spoken words via verbal and non-verbal channels that are mutually informative and unveil in parallel over time, but the neural dynamics and interactions of these processes are not well understood. In this paper, we review the literature on emotion perception in faces, written words, and voices, as a basis for understanding the functional organization of emotion perception in spoken words. The characteristics of visual and auditory routes to the amygdala-a subcortical center for emotion perception-are compared across these stimulus classes in terms of neural dynamics, hemispheric lateralization, and functionality. Converging results from neuroimaging, electrophysiological, and lesion studies suggest the existence of an afferent route to the amygdala and primary visual cortex for fast and subliminal processing of coarse emotional face cues. We suggest that a fast route to the amygdala may also function for brief non-verbal vocalizations (e.g., laugh, cry), in which emotional category is conveyed effectively by voice tone and intensity. However, emotional prosody which evolves on longer time scales and is conveyed by fine-grained spectral cues appears to be processed via a slower, indirect cortical route. For verbal emotional content, the bulk of current evidence, indicating predominant left lateralization of the amygdala response and timing of emotional effects attributable to speeded lexical access, is more consistent with an indirect cortical route to the amygdala. Top-down linguistic modulation may play an important role for prioritized perception of emotions in words. Understanding the neural dynamics and interactions of emotion and language perception is important for selecting potent stimuli and devising effective training and/or treatment approaches for the alleviation of emotional dysfunction across a range of neuropsychiatric states.
Kalpana - enabling client-side web personalization (2008)

A growing number of websites are recognizing the value of personalization based on a user's context and social network. As more websites become personalized, the resulting experience for users can be rather fragmented. We aim to facilitate a seamless Web personalization experience across websites by enabling personalization to take place at the client and thus allowing personal information about people to reside locally with people. If websites are to script a personalization experience that draws on information held by the user, it is imperative that this information be easily comprehensible by heterogeneous websites. In this paper, we demonstrate how Semantic Web technologies can be used to realize a vision of client-side Web personalization. The contribution of this paper is an architecture that demonstrates the feasibility of our approach and a prototype implementation that establishes its viability.
Efficacy of amoxicillin/clavulanate for acute otitis media: relation to Streptococcus pneumoniae susceptibility (1996)

HOBERMAN, ALEJANDRO MD; PARADISE, JACK L. MD; BLOCK, STAN MD; BURCH, DANIEL J. MD; JACOBS, MICHAEL R. MD, PHD; BALANESCU, MIRCEA I. MD Author Information
Ball bearing measurement with white light interferometry (2009)

Requirements on high-performance of ball bearings in terms of the loads they experience and their reliability are increasing as the automotive, aerospace, and power generation industries look to cut costs, reduce emissions, and improve efficiency. Most bearings are evaluated with a stylus profiler or with a bright field scopes or microscopes for form, roughness, and defect classification. Two-dimensional stylus measurements captures only very localized surface profiles unless multiple scans are performed which slow the measurement time unacceptably; this leads to inadequate sampling and sometimes greatly varying results based on location and directionality of the line scan. Bright field microscopes deliver only the lateral information about defects but not their depth, volume or surface roughness. White light interferometry can be very successfully utilized in the measurement of full field form, roughness and defect detection and is gaining adoption. They provide rapid, accurate, three-dimensional imaging compatible with the newly developed ISO 3D surface parameters which are expected to rapidly displace traditional 2D metrics. These surface parameters allow for better characterization of surface structure and better understanding of the production process and bearing and race wear. New 3D filtering techniques allow effective separation of form, waviness, and roughness for highly accurate and repeatable bearing qualification.
Workflow for Determining Layer Properties from Density and Neutron Logs in High-Angle and Horizontal Wells (2016)

Abstract A multi-step, inversion-based workflow has been developed for analyzing logging-while-drilling density and neutron measurements in high-angle (HA) and horizontal (HZ) wells. The workflow produces accurate layer properties (i.e., bulk density, photoelectric factor (PEF) and neutron porosity) by taking account of bed thickness, borehole effects, and tool response to boundary crossings and adjacent bed effects. The workflow has been validated using both synthetic and field data. A layered earth model is determined as the final result of this workflow, and it can be used as input for subsequent petrophysical interpretations. The inversion relies on fast forward models for each of the nuclear measurements. These forward models are based on flux derived sensitivity function maps obtained from Monte Carlo modeling. An initial parametric model, including borehole geometry, mud properties, geometric structure, and layer properties, defines a layered earth model along the wellbore trajectory. The initial geometrical model consists of the bed boundary locations and their dip which are determined automatically from the measured compensated density image. Initial layer density, PEF, and apparent limestone porosity are automatically estimated from the respective measured logs. After the initial model setup, a flexible three-step iterative inversion determines 1) mud density and mud PEF, 2) sensor standoff from the borehole wall, 3) layer density, layer PEF, boundary location, and dip. The geometrical model determined from the density inversion is then fixed for the subsequent neutron inversion, which determines apparent limestone porosity for each layer. Gauss-Newton optimization with line search, adaptive regularization scheme, and parameter constraints is used to minimize the weighted L2-norm error between the measured and forward modeled logs. The workflow is validated using synthetic data sets that include both thick and thin-bedded formations and eccentric tool position in the borehole. The true geometrical structure, layer formation density, PEF, and neutron porosity can be recovered within the accuracy of the forward modeling even in the beds where the layer thickness is thinner that the measurements ability to fully respond to the layer property. The workflow has also been applied to field data sets. The inversion results show that it is possible to determine a common geometrical model for the density and neutron measurements, even though they have significantly different responses to the layering. Otherwise, it would not possible to manually derive accurate layer properties due to the asymmetric nature of the neutron measurements and the common practice of attempting to compare the non-azimuthal neutron measurement with the azimuthal density measurements. The workflow provides an accurate method for quantitative petrophysical interpretations. In addition, the results lead to a better understanding of density and neutron measurements in HA and HZ wells.
Empirical Bayes: Past, Present and Future (2000)

(2000). Empirical Bayes: Past, Present and Future. Journal of the American Statistical Association: Vol. 95, No. 452, pp. 1286-1289.
Alloy Blend Composites. Weld Strength and Phase Structure of ABS/PA6 Alloy. (1997)

The weld strength and phase structure of an ABS/PA 6 alloy was studied by using acrylic acid modified SAN as the compatibilizer. Both the weld strength and the notched izod impact strength of the blend containing the compatibilizer was shown to be much higher than that of the non-compatibilized blend.The phase structure of the blend containing the compatibilizer showed better dispersion of rubber particles compared with the non-compatibilized blend which showed agglomerated rubber particles. The X-ray diffraction patterns of a 60% drawn sample showed a non-oriented ring pattern for the PA 6 in the non-compatibilized blend.On the other hand the compatibilized blend showed an oriented fiber pattern for the PA 6. This suggests that the weld strength and the izod impact strength are affected by this difference in the phase structure due to the addition of the compatibilizer.
NMR diffusion-encoding with axial symmetry and variable anisotropy: Distinguishing between prolate and oblate microscopic diffusion tensors with unknown orientation distribution (2015)

We introduce a nuclear magnetic resonance method for quantifying the shape of axially symmetric microscopic diffusion tensors in terms of a new diffusion anisotropy metric, DΔ, which has unique values for oblate, spherical, and prolate tensor shapes. The pulse sequence includes a series of equal-amplitude magnetic field gradient pulse pairs, the directions of which are tailored to give an axially symmetric diffusion-encoding tensor b with variable anisotropy bΔ. Averaging of data acquired for a range of orientations of the symmetry axis of the tensor b renders the method insensitive to the orientation distribution function of the microscopic diffusion tensors. Proof-of-principle experiments are performed on water in polydomain lyotropic liquid crystals with geometries that give rise to microscopic diffusion tensors with oblate, spherical, and prolate shapes. The method could be useful for characterizing the geometry of fluid-filled compartments in porous solids, soft matter, and biological tissues.
Solid‐State Kinetic Models: Basics and Mathematical Fundamentals (2006)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
NICU Dialects: Understanding Norwegian Practice Variation (2018)

In Norway, a national consensus-based guideline used to address thresholds for offering life support at extreme preterm birth was issued in 1998. Since then, therapeutic advances may have changed attitudes and expectations to treatment, both within the medical community and the public, and there are concerns that systematic variations in treatment practices may exist. With this article, we describe current practices and relate them to other ethical and legal comparable areas in health care. We conclude that a revision of the 1998 guideline is warranted to obtain a common understanding of prognoses and appropriate decision processes at the limit of viability.
Late stages of phase separation inAl1−xSixsolid solutions (1996)

The kinetics of late stages of phase separation in nonequilibrium substitutional solid solutions ${\mathrm{Al}}_{1\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}\mathit{x}}$${\mathrm{Si}}_{\mathit{x}}$ was studied by resistivity relaxation. The dynamic scaling exponents have been observed to correspond probably to a transition from coagulation (\ensuremath{\alpha}\ensuremath{\approxeq}0.16--0.2) to Ostwald-ripening-type behavior. An essential slowing down of the latest stage of relaxation (\ensuremath{\alpha}\ensuremath{\approxeq}0.08) was detected in Al-Si alloys when depletion developed in the Al-based fcc matrix around the Si submicrometer inclusions. \textcopyright{} 1996 The American Physical Society.
Estimating Demand Response Potential in Building Clusters (2015)

The large-scale implementation of demand-response measures has the potential to play a significant role in overcoming the various issues related to electricity supply/demand imbalances. This paper assesses various building energy modelling techniques and compares them using a schematic representation; the integration of the building models into a demand response scheme is then addressed and guidelines are given for different contexts. From the review carried out, the paper highlights the need to develop demand-response estimation tools at a large-scale taking into account the buildings characteristics. An outlook is given on a proposed method for large-scale demand response estimation.
Assessment of the status of soil organic carbon stocks under natural forest and plantation ecosystems in southern Karnataka (2020)

A study was conducted to assess the status of soil organic carbon stocks under selected plantation and altered and natural ecosystems in southern Karnataka. Seven locations were identified for the study following the agro-climatic variability. The sites identified were Brahmavara in Udupi (coastal zone), Balehonnur in Chikkamagalur (hilly zone), Madnur and Salegrama in Hassan (northern and southern transitional zone), Alburu in Tumkur (eastern and southern dry zone), Babbur and Javagamatur in Chitradurga (central dry zone). In each of these zones, natural forest ecosystems were assessed in comparison to the plantation-based ecosystems to understand the changes in soil development with emphasis to soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks. The SOC stocks at the surface varied from 1.24 to 6.44 kg m-3 in forests and from 1.53 to 6.51 kg m-3 in different plantation ecosystems. It was found from the study that SOC stocks followed the order hilly zone (per-humid climate) &gt; coastal zone (hot humid climate) &gt; eastern and southern dry zone (moist semi-arid climate) &gt; northern and southern transitional zone (dry sub-humid climate) &gt; central dry zone (dry semi-arid climate). The soils belonged to the order Ultisols and Alfisols. The major taxa of the soils identified at sub-group level of soil taxonomy are Rhodic Kandiustults, Typic Plinthohumults, Ustic Haplohumults, Typic Rhodustalfs, Rhodic Paleustalfs, Kandic Paleustalfs and Typic Haplustalfs.
Can Molecular Quantum Interference Effect Transistors Survive Vibration? (2017)

Quantum interference in cross-conjugated molecules can be utilized to construct molecular quantum interference effect transistors. However, whether its application can be achieved depends on the survivability of the quantum interference under real conditions such as nuclear vibration. We use two simulation methods to investigate the effects of nuclear vibration on quantum interference in a meta-linked benzene system. The simulation results suggest that the quantum interference is robust against nuclear vibration not only in the steady state but also in its transient dynamics, and thus the molecular quantum interference effect transistors can be realized.
Influence of surface morphology of the kraft pulp fibers on the growth of the transcrystalline layer of polypropylene (2010)

Abstract The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of the wood fiber surface on the crystallization behavior of thermoplastic polymers. Unbleached and bleached kraft pulp fibers were used for this study with 100% polypropylene (PP), 95% PP/5% maleic anhydride polypropylene (MAPP), and 100% MAPP at 150°C. Nuclei were induced at the ends of the fibers and on damaged surfaces while poor crystallization behavior was observed on the fiber surfaces using 100% PP. Enhanced MAPP induced transcrystallization on the wood fiber surfaces; the nucleation density also increased with the addition of MAPP. Oxygen/carbon (O/C) ratios of smooth surfaces, damaged surfaces, and the ends of wood fibers also indicated that the oxidation process of both wood fiber and thermoplastic polymer affected the crystallization process without MAPP addition. It was observed that the MAPP played a role in increasing numbers of nuclei on the linear fiber surface to induce transcrystallization. Dynamic mechanical properties increased 52% with 100% MAPP compared to the use of 100% PP. Therefore, the increased thickness of transcrystalline layer and nucleation density on the surface of wood fiber positively correlated with the dynamic mechanical properties of wood fiber‐plastic composites. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
Structural distortion below the Néel temperature in spinelGeCo2O4 (2014)

A structural phase transition from cubic $Fd\overline{3}m$ to tetragonal $I4{}_{1}/amd$ symmetry with $c/a&gt; 1$ is observed at ${T}_{S}=16$ K in spinel ${\mathrm{GeCo}}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{4}$ below the N\'eel temperature ${T}_{N}=21$ K. Structural and magnetic ordering appear to be decoupled with the structural distortion occurring at 16 K while magnetic order occurs at 21 K as determined by magnetic susceptibility and heat capacity measurements. An elongation of ${\mathrm{CoO}}_{6}$ octahedra is observed in the tetragonal phase of ${\mathrm{GeCo}}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{4}$. We present the complete crystallographic description of ${\mathrm{GeCo}}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{4}$ in the tetragonal $I4{}_{1}/amd$ space group and discuss the possible origin of this distortion in the context of known structural transitions in magnetic spinels. ${\mathrm{GeCo}}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{4}$ exhibits magnetodielectric coupling below ${T}_{N}$. The related spinels ${\mathrm{GeFe}}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{4}$ and ${\mathrm{GeNi}}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{4}$ have also been examined for comparison. Structural transitions were not detected in either compound down to $T\ensuremath{\approx}8$ K. Magnetometry experiments reveal in ${\mathrm{GeFe}}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{4}$ a second antiferromagnetic transition, with ${T}_{N1}=7.9$ K and ${T}_{N2}=6.2$ K, that was previously unknown and that bears a similarity to the magnetism of ${\mathrm{GeNi}}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{4}$.
A comparison of geometric and energy-based point cloud semantic segmentation methods (2013)

The recent availability of inexpensive RGB-D cameras, such as the Microsoft Kinect, has raised interest in the robotics community for point cloud segmentation. We are interested in the semantic segmentation task in which the goal is to find some relevant classes for navigation, wall, ground, objects, etc. Several effective solutions have been proposed, mainly based on the recursive decomposition of the point cloud into planes. We compare such a solution to a non-associative MRF method inspired by some recent work in computer vision. The MRF yields interesting results that are however less good than those of a carefully tuned geometric method. Nevertheless, MRF still has some advantages and we suggest some improvements.
Quality of life in multiple sclerosis: development and validation of the 'RAYS' Scale and comparison with the SF-36 (2000)

The RAYS scale demonstrated high internal consistency and significant discriminative value, and is thus a suitable disease-specific tool for measuring QoL in MS.
Modular reasoning about heap paths via effectively propositional formulas (2014)

First order logic with transitive closure, and separation logic enable elegant interactive verification of heap-manipulating programs. However, undecidabilty results and high asymptotic complexity of checking validity preclude complete automatic verification of such programs, even when loop invariants and procedure contracts are specified as formulas in these logics. This paper tackles the problem of procedure-modular verification of reachability properties of heap-manipulating programs using efficient decision procedures that are complete: that is, a SAT solver must generate a counterexample whenever a program does not satisfy its specification. By (a) requiring each procedure modifies a fixed set of heap partitions and creates a bounded amount of heap sharing, and (b) restricting program contracts and loop invariants to use only deterministic paths in the heap, we show that heap reachability updates can be described in a simple manner. The restrictions force program specifications and verification conditions to lie within a fragment of first-order logic with transitive closure that is reducible to effectively propositional logic, and hence facilitate sound, complete and efficient verification. We implemented a tool atop Z3 and report on preliminary experiments that establish the correctness of several programs that manipulate linked data structures.
A Compact Argumentation System for Agent System Specification (2006)

We present a non-monotonic logic tailored for specifying compact autonomous agent systems. The language is a consistent instantiation of a logic based argumentation system extended with Brooks' subsumption concept and varying degree of belief. Particularly, we present a practical implementation of the language by developing a meta-encoding method that translates logical specifications into compact general logic programs. The language allows n-ary predicate literals with the usual first-order term definitions. We show that the space complexity of the resulting general logic program is linear to the size of the original theory.