gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
MECHANICAL BEHAVIOR OF HIGH PERFORMANCE CONCRETES, VOLUME 1: SUMMARY REPORT (1993)

This report presents a summary of each phase of a 4-year research program of the Strategic Highway Research Program (SHRP), which examined the mechanical behavior of high performance concretes. For each phase of the research, the objective, scope, results, and conclusions are summarized. The report covers the literature search and review, the development of mixture proportions of three categories of high performance concrete, the laboratory studies and field trials of the concretes, and the laboratory studies of high early strength fiber reinforced concrete. An assessment is made of how the research met its objectives and what the limitations in some of the research are. The report also suggests removing certain limitations in some of the current specifications that prevent the use of high performance concrete and concludes with a list of future research needs. Two technical guides on the production and use of high performance concrete, as well as two proposed specifications for test methods are included in the appendixes.
Report on the use of the Threshold of Toxicological Concern (TTC) for the prioritisation of substances and mixtures thereof (2017)

This deliverable explores the use of TTC and the TTC concepts (using distributions of NOAELs to derive<br> “safe” thresholds) for the use of filling data gaps in the cumulative risk assessment of mixtures or combined<br> exposures.<br> In the cumulative risk assessment the contribution of individual substances in the mixture or the combined<br> exposure are added assuming doss additivity as a first tier worst case assumption. Adding the contributions<br> of individual components is achieved through calculation of relative potency factors, which are ideally<br> based on NOAELs from in vivo experiments. When NOAELs are lacking the TTC concept can provide a<br> realistic worst case estimate of a NOAEL, which can subsequently be used to derive relative potency factors<br> towards a single well studied reference compound.<br> In this deliverable the original TTC values from the Munro dataset have been reproduced, to allow the<br> calculation of confidence intervals around the 5th percentiles of the NOAEL distributions, and/or sample the<br> dataset directly in Monte Carlo simulation in order to allow probabilistic risk assessment approaches.<br> Derivation of CAG specific TTC‐like thresholds is demonstrated for the case of hepatotoxicity/steatosis. This<br> can be seen as a first step in refinement of the TTC‐based relative potency factor estimation.<br> A second refinement in estimating more realistic potency factors based in absence of experimental data is<br> the use of molecular docking calculations for comparison of potency of substances which are supposed to<br> exert their toxic effect through the interaction with a specific receptor. Calculated binding energies are<br> expected to give an indication of the (relative) potencies of those substances that trigger the same<br> receptor.
Vav3, a Rho GTPase Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factor, Increases during Progression to Androgen Independence in Prostate Cancer Cells and Potentiates Androgen Receptor Transcriptional Activity (2005)

The progression of prostate cancer from androgen dependence to androgen independence is often accompanied by enhanced androgen receptor (AR) transcriptional activity. We observed a marked increase in the expression of Vav3, a Rho GTPase guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF), during the progression of human prostate cancer LNCaP cells to the androgen-independent derivative, LNCaP-R1. GEFs activate Rho family GTPases by promoting the exchange of GDP for GTP. Reporter gene assays showed that Vav3 potentiated AR transcriptional activity, and knock down of Vav3 resulted in decreased AR transactivation. Vav3 also increased androgen-induced levels of prostate-specific antigen mRNA. Furthermore, Vav3 enhanced AR activity at subnanomolar concentrations of androgen. This finding is particularly relevant because low androgen levels may be present in prostate tissue of patients undergoing androgen deprivation therapy. Enhancement of AR activity by Vav3 required amino terminal activation function 1 (AF1) of AR; however, Vav3 did not interact with AR or increase AR levels. Neither GEF function nor the C-terminal domains of Vav3 were required for Vav3-mediated enhancement of AR activity; however, the pleckstrin homology domain was obligatory. These data show that Vav3 levels rise during progression to androgen independence and support continued AR signaling (even under conditions of low androgen) by a novel GEF-independent cross-talk mechanism.
Acoustic analysis of the infant cry: classical and new methods (2004)

In the last few decades many papers have written about the analysis of the infant cry. The acoustic analysis has a shorter history than emotional, physiological, etc. investigations [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]. This paper deals with classical and new methods of acoustic analysis of the infant cry. The final goal is to detect hearing disorders according to the crying at the earliest possible moment. Classical acoustic methods were reproduced and compared with solutions, which were not available before. This paper most of all deals with the characteristics of the fundamental frequency of the cry in the time and in the frequency domain.
Silver Nanoparticles Decrease Body Weight and Locomotor Activity in Adult Male Rats (2013)

Silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) are widely used in FDA regulated products. The physical-chemical properties of Ag-NPs are characterized using various instruments. The dose-dependent activity and body weight alterations are evaluated after rats were exposed to Ag nanoparticles, suggesting a major human health risk, given the wide application of silver nanomaterials.
Supplementary Figure 6 from Genomic Deregulation during Metastasis of Renal Cell Carcinoma Implements a Myofibroblast-Like Program of Gene Expression (2023)

Supplementary Figure 6 from Genomic Deregulation during Metastasis of Renal Cell Carcinoma Implements a Myofibroblast-Like Program of Gene Expression
Publisher’s Note: “Flexible spintronic devices on Kapton” [Appl. Phys. Lett. 104, 062412 (2014)] (2014)

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Clinical Investigation of the Menstrual Cycle. III. Clinical, Endometrial, and Endocrine Aspects of Luteal Defect (1981)

GAUTRAY, JEAN PIERRE; BRUX, JEAN DE; TAJCHNER, GEORGES; ROBEL, PAUL; MOUREN, MICHEL Author Information
Supersaturation and diffusional droplet growth in liquid clouds: Polydisperse spectra (2014)

Abstract Evolution of droplet size distribution (DSD) due to the water vapor diffusion in a vertically moving adiabatic parcels is investigated. Analytical expressions for height dependences of the main DSD parameters and DSD moments are obtained. The asymptotic behavior of the DSD parameters at large heights above cloud base is determined. It is shown that during diffusion growth, the width and the relative dispersion of the DSD decrease with height as z − 1/3 and z − 2/3 , respectively. The paper presents examples of DSD evolution in cases DSD forms on aerosols with a three‐mode lognormal distribution. The aerosol distribution parameters used in the study correspond to four aerosol types: “Marine,” “Clean continental,” “Background,” and extremely polluted “Urban.” The vertical profiles of DSD parameters are compared with the asymptotic profiles. It is shown that in case of polydisperse DSD evolution, the vertical profile of supersaturation within several hundred meters above the cloud base can be approximated by a supersaturation profile corresponding to the “equivalent” monodisperse DSD. The initial radius of this equivalent DSD is equal to the mean radius of polydisperse DSD (haze size distribution) at cloud base, which is estimated using the Kohler theory. This result of the relation between the polydisperse and monodisperse solutions is universal. A new equation for estimation of supersaturation maximum for polydisperse case is obtained. The obtained analytical expressions and numerical results are useful for understanding the mechanisms of DSD formation in clouds and for parameterization of warm microphysical processes in cloud models.
A new intracoronary measurement catheter, MetriCath, compared to intravascular ultrasound and quantitative coronary angiography in a stented porcine coronary model (2002)

The purpose of this study was to compare measurements by MetriCath to intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) and quantitative coronary angiography (QCA). The MetriCath system consists of a low-pressure (200 mm Hg) balloon catheter connected to a pressure transducer and infusion pump linked to a computer that records pressure-volume curves. Cross-sectional area of blood vessels is obtained directly from the unrestrained and in-stent pressure-volume measurements. We compared stent cross-sectional area measurements by MetriCath, IVUS, and QCA in a porcine stented coronary artery model. Comparison of area measurements in 14 stents showed no significant differences between the three methods (P = 0.66). On average, values differed 0.37 +/- 0.60 mm(2) between MetriCath and QCA, 0.13 +/- 0.55 mm(2) between MetriCath and IVUS, and 0.22 +/- 0.80 mm(2) between IVUS and QCA. This corresponds to 6.2% +/- 10%, 3.0% +/- 9.0%, and 3.1% +/- 12.9% relative difference from the average of two corresponding measurements. Linear regression analysis showed excellent correlation between measurements (r = 0.99 for all comparisons). The differences in in-stent area measurements between MetriCath and both QCA and IVUS were small. Considering the ease and rapidity of obtaining MetriCath results, this technique may form an alternative to the others in evaluating stent expansion. Based on these findings, clinical evaluation seems warranted.
Mutagenesis of the glycosylation site of human ApoCIII. O-linked glycosylation is not required for ApoCIII secretion and lipid binding. (1988)

We have used site-directed in vitro mutagenesis to alter the codon ACT of human apoCIII gene, specifying Thr-74, to GCT (Ala-74). The normal and mutant apoCIII genes were then placed under the control of the mouse metallothionein 1 promoter in a bovine papilloma virus vector and were used for cell transfection and selection of stable cell lines. Blotting analysis of RNA isolated from several independent cell clones showed that both the normal and mutant genes produced apoCIII mRNA in amounts larger than that found in human fetal liver. Pulse-chase analysis of cell clones expressing the normal and mutant apoCIII genes showed that only the normal apoCIII is modified intracellularly to produce a disialated form (apoCIIIs2). Cell clones expressing the normal apoCIII gene secrete exclusively the disialated form, whereas those expressing the mutant gene secrete the unmodified form. The amount of mutant apoCIII protein produced by C127 cell clones expressing the mutant gene was reduced as compared to that produced by the control cells. Density gradient ultracentrifugation analysis of the secreted apoCIII showed that the flotation properties of the secreted normal and mutant proteins were similar. These findings suggest that the intracellular glycosylation of apoCIII is not required for its intracellular transport and secretion. Furthermore, lack of glycosylation has no effect on the relative affinities of apoCIII for plasma very low density lipoproteins and high density lipoproteins.
Enhanced Butanol Production Obtained by Reinforcing the Direct Butanol-Forming Route in Clostridium acetobutylicum (2012)

Butanol is an important industrial solvent and advanced biofuel that can be produced by biphasic fermentation by Clostridium acetobutylicum. It has been known that acetate and butyrate first formed during the acidogenic phase are reassimilated to form acetone-butanol-ethanol (cold channel). Butanol can also be formed directly from acetyl-coenzyme A (CoA) through butyryl-CoA (hot channel). However, little is known about the relative contributions of the two butanol-forming pathways. Here we report that the direct butanol-forming pathway is a better channel to optimize for butanol production through metabolic flux and mass balance analyses. Butanol production through the hot channel was maximized by simultaneous disruption of the pta and buk genes, encoding phosphotransacetylase and butyrate kinase, while the adhE1(D485G) gene, encoding a mutated aldehyde/alcohol dehydrogenase, was overexpressed. The ratio of butanol produced through the hot channel to that produced through the cold channel increased from 2.0 in the wild type to 18.8 in the engineered BEKW(pPthlAAD(**)) strain. By reinforcing the direct butanol-forming flux in C. acetobutylicum, 18.9 g/liter of butanol was produced, with a yield of 0.71 mol butanol/mol glucose by batch fermentation, levels which are 160% and 245% higher than those obtained with the wild type. By fed-batch culture of this engineered strain with in situ recovery, 585.3 g of butanol was produced from 1,861.9 g of glucose, with the yield of 0.76 mol butanol/mol glucose and productivity of 1.32 g/liter/h. Studies of two butanol-forming routes and their effects on butanol production in C. acetobutylicum described here will serve as a basis for further metabolic engineering of clostridia aimed toward developing a superior butanol producer. IMPORTANCE Renewable biofuel is one of the answers to solving the energy crisis and climate change problems. Butanol produced naturally by clostridia has superior liquid fuel characteristics and thus has the potential to replace gasoline. Due to the lack of efficient genetic manipulation tools, however, strain improvement has been rather slow. Furthermore, complex metabolic characteristics of acidogenesis followed by solventogenesis in this strain have hampered development of engineered clostridia having highly efficient and selective butanol production capability. Here we report for the first time the results of systems metabolic engineering studies of two butanol-forming routes and their relative importances in butanol production. Based on these findings, a metabolically engineered Clostridium acetobutylicum strain capable of producing butanol to a high titer with high yield and selectivity could be developed by reinforcing the direct butanol-forming flux.
MRI compatibility evaluation of a piezoelectric actuator system for a neural interventional robot (2009)

The work presented in this paper has been performed in furtherance of developing an MRI-compatible surgical robotic system, specifically targeting the neural intervention procedure for the treatment of Parkinson's Syndrome known as deep brain stimulation (DBS). In this paper we discuss the construction and testing of the MR-compatible controller, sensors and actuators, and the compatibility testing we have done to validate the success of our efforts in eliminating signal interference. Our robotic system was tested on a Phillips Achieva 3 Tesla MRI machine under diagnostic T1 and T2, high speed FGRE and functional EPI imaging protocols. It has been shown to operate without introducing any statistically significant degradation in image quality. We have shown that the creation of an MR-compatible electronically controlled closed-loop robotic actuation system and linkage mechanism can be created successfully within a standard high-field diagnostic magnet with insignificant levels of signal interference.
The Leeuwenhoek Lecture, 1980: Is it a virus? (1981)

It was shown many years ago that viruses can cause common cold but it is often forgotten that there were prolonged investigations and disagreements before this was agreed. It wa difficult to detect or propagate any virus in the laboratory and it has taken more than two decades of research to arrive at a reasonably complete list of the viruses that cause colds and related diseases. To do so, new techniques were developed by which these very specialized viruses can be grown and studied. Nevertheless unanswered questions remain on the relation between them and the diseases. This research has required finding answers to several different questions about the viruses and the diseases. The questions cannot all be answered in the same way for all virus infections, and recent research has shown that we can learn a great deal about certain viruses and diseases without answering all of the questions; for instance, the role of rotaviruses in diarrhoea was established though the viruses could not be effectively grown in the laboratory. In the light of these ideas I shall refer to the evidence that mental diseases may be due to virus infections and the recent finding that cerebrospinal fluid from such patients produced a cytopathic effect in tissue cultures that was apparently due to a virus-like agent.
Analysis of p/sup +/ poly Si double-gate thin-film SOI MOSFETs (2002)

The authors have fabricated planar p/sup +/ poly Si double-gate thin-film SOI (silicon-on-insulator) nMOSFETs using wafer bonding. The fabricated devices have shown a transconductance, Gm, exceeding twice that of the single-gate SOI-MOSFET. It was confirmed that conduction in the double-gate SOI MOSFET originates from a fully flat potential and charge injection. An analytical model developed by the authors has displayed electrical characteristics that agree well with those of the fabricated devices.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Photoluminescence study of defects in ion-implanted thermal SiO2 films (1995)

Photoluminescence (PL) study was performed on B or P ion-implanted thermal SiO2 films. Two PL bands at 4.3 and 2.6 eV were observed. For the 4.3 eV bands, two PL excitation (PLE) bands were observed at 5.0 and 7.4 eV. Based on the close similarities of the PL and PLE bands to those observed in oxygen-deficient-type bulk silica, the 4.3 and 2.6 eV PL bands are ascribed to the oxygen-deficient-type defects induced by ion implantation. While the 4.3 eV PL band in the bulk SiO2 decays exponentially, the decay of the corresponding PL band in the implanted thermal SiO2 films follows a power low or stretched exponential, suggesting the distribution of PL lifetimes. This suggests that the oxygen-deficient-type defects induced by the ion implantation in thermal SiO2 films are perturbed by the structural distribution of the surrounding Si-O-Si network, including the concentration of PL quenching centers.
Integration of antimicrobial pectin‐based edible coating and active modified atmosphere packaging to preserve the quality and microbial safety of fresh‐cut persimmon (Diospyros kaki Thunb. cv. Rojo Brillante) (2016)

Abstract BACKGROUND The greatest hurdle to the commercial marketing of fresh‐cut fruits is related to their higher susceptibility to enzymatic browning, tissue softening, and microbial growth. The aim of this study was to test the efficacy of a pectin‐based edible coating and low oxygen modified atmosphere packaging ( MAP ) to control enzymatic browning and reduce microbial growth of fresh‐cut ‘Rojo Brillante’ persimmon. The survival of Escherichia coli , Salmonella enteritidis and Listeria monocytogenes artificially inoculated on fresh‐cut fruit was also assessed. The pectin coating was amended with 500 IU mL −1 nisin ( NI ) as antimicrobial agent and 10 g kg −1 citric acid and 10 g kg −1 calcium chloride as anti‐browning and firming agents, respectively. Persimmon slices were dipped in the coating or in water (control) and packed under 5 kPa O 2 ( MAP ) or in ambient atmosphere for up to 9 days at 5 °C. Microbial growth, package gas composition, colour, firmness, polyphenol oxidase activity, visual quality and overall sensory flavour of persimmon slices were measured during storage. RESULTS Coating application combined with active MAP significantly reduced the CO 2 emission and O 2 consumption in the package. The coating was effective in reducing browning and also inhibited the growth of mesophilic aerobic bacteria. Coating also reduced the populations of E. coli , S. enteritidis and L. monocytogenes . CONCLUSION The combination of the pectin‐based edible coating and active MAP proved to be the most effective treatment to maintain the sensory and microbiological quality of persimmon slices for more than 9 days of storage. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry
Clonal isolates of Treponema pallidum subsp. pallidum Nichols provide evidence for the occurrence of microevolution during experimental rabbit infection and in vitro culture (2023)

The recent development of a system for long-term in vitro culture of the syphilis spirochete, Treponema pallidum subsp. pallidum, has introduced the possibility of detailed genetic analysis of this bacterium. In this study, the in vitro culture system was used to isolate and characterize clonal populations of T. pallidum subsp. pallidum Nichols, the most widely studied strain. In limiting dilutions experiments, it was possible to establish cultures with inocula as low as 0.5 T. pallidum per well despite the long generation time (~35 to 40 hours) of this organism. Six Nichols strain clones isolated by limiting dilution were characterized in detail. All clones exhibited indistinguishable morphology and motility, highly similar in vitro multiplication rates, and comparable infectivity in the rabbit model (ID50 ≤ 100 bacteria). Genomic sequencing revealed sequence heterogeneity in the form of insertions or deletions at 5 sites, single nucleotide variations at 20 sites, and polynucleotide (polyG/C) tract length differences at 22 locations. Genomic sequences of the uncloned Nichols strain preparations propagated in rabbits or in vitro cultures exhibited substantial heterogeneity at these locations, indicating coexistence of many varied 'clonotypes' within these populations. Nearly all genetic variations were specific for the Nichols strain and were not detected in the >280 T. pallidum genomic sequences that are currently available. We hypothesize that these Nichols strain-specific sequence variations arose independently either during human infection or within the 110 years since the strain's initial isolation, and thus represent examples of microevolution and divergence.
DISCOVERY OF VERY HIGH ENERGY γ-RAY EMISSION FROM CENTAURUS A WITH H.E.S.S. (2009)

We report the discovery of faint very high energy (VHE; E &gt; 100GeV) γ-ray emission from the radio galaxy Centaurus A in observations performed with the High Energy Stereoscopic System (H.E.S.S.) experiment, an imaging atmospheric Cherenkov telescope array consisting of four telescopes located in Namibia. Centaurus A has been observed for more than 120hr. A signal with a statistical significance of 5.0σ is detected from the region including the radio core and the inner kpc jets. The integral flux above an energy threshold of 250 GeV is measured to be 0.8% of the flux of the Crab Nebula (apparent luminosity: L(&gt;250GeV) 2.6 × 1039ergs-1, adopting a distance of 3.8Mpc). The spectrum can be described by a power law with a photon index of 2.7 0.5stat 0.2sys. No significant flux variability is detected in the data set. However, the low flux only allows detection of variability on the timescale of days to flux increments above a factor of 15-20 (3σ and 4σ, respectively). The discovery of VHE γ-ray emission from Centaurus A reveals particle acceleration in the source to &gt;TeV energies and, together with M87, establishes radio galaxies as a class of VHE emitters. © 2009. The American Astronomical Society. All rights reserved..