gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An intelligent wireless channel allocation in HAPS 5G communication system based on reinforcement learning (2019)

Channel allocation is the prerequisite for the HAPS (high-altitude platform station) 5G communication network to transmit information. An intelligent wireless channel allocation algorithm for HAPS 5G massive MIMO (multiple-input multiple-output) system based on reinforcement learning was proposed. Q-learning reinforcement learning algorithm and the back-propagation neural network were combined, which enabled HAPS 5G massive MIMO systems autonomous learn according to the environment and allocate channel resources of the system efficiently. Agents perceive the state information in the channel environment through continuous interaction with the channel environment, learn from the environment state to the action mapping, and use the back-propagation neural network for learning training, use the neural network instead of the Q value table, and train the network with each Q update as a training example to update the evaluation function. It effectively improves the overall performance of the system.
Candidate Access Router Discovery (CARD) (2005)

To enable seamless IP-layer handover of a mobile node (MN) from one access router (AR) to another, the MN is required to discover the identities and capabilities of candidate ARs (CARs) for handover prior to the initiation of the handover.The act of discovery of CARs has two aspects: identifying the IP addresses of the CARs and finding their capabilities.This process is called "candidate access router discovery" (CARD).At the time of IP-layer handover, the CAR, whose capabilities are a good match to the preferences of the MN, is chosen as the target AR for handover.The protocol described in this document allows a mobile node to perform CARD.
Maternal perinatal undernutrition modifies lactose and serotranferrin in milk: relevance to the programming of metabolic diseases? (2014)

A close link between intrauterine growth restriction and development of chronic adult diseases such as obesity, diabetes, and hypertension has been established both in humans and animals. Modification of growth velocity during the early postnatal period (i.e., lactation) may also sensitize to the development of metabolic syndrome in adulthood. This suggests that milk composition may have long-lasting programming/deprogramming metabolic effects in the offspring. We therefore assess the effects of maternal perinatal denutrition on breast milk composition in a food-restricted 50% (FR50) rat model. Monosaccharides and fatty acids were characterized by gas chromatography, and proteins were profiled by surface-enhanced laser desorption/ionization-time-of-flight analysis in milk samples from FR50 and control rat dams. Milk analysis of FR50 rats demonstrated that maternal undernutrition decreases lactose concentration and modulates lipid profile at postnatal day 10 by increasing the unsaturated fatty acids/saturated fatty acids and diminishes serotransferrin levels at postnatal day 21. Our data indicate that maternal perinatal undernutrition modifies milk composition both quantitatively and qualitatively. These modifications by maternal nutrition open new perspectives to identify molecules that could be used in artificial milk to protect from the subsequent development of metabolic diseases.
Per hop data encryption protocol for transmission of motion control data over public networks (2014)

Bilateral controllers are widely used vital technology to perform remote operations and telesurgeries. The nature of the bilateral controller enables control objects, which are geographically far from the operation location. Therefore, the control data has to travel through public networks. As a result, to maintain the effectiveness and the consistency of applications such as teleoperations and telesurgeries, faster data delivery and data integrity are essential. The Service-oriented Router (SoR) was introduced to maintain the rich information on the Internet and to achieve maximum benefit from networks. In particular, the security, privacy and integrity of bilateral communication are not discoursed in spite of its significance brought by its underlying skill information or personal vital information. An SoR can analyze all packet or network stream transactions on its interfaces and store them in high throughput databases. In this paper, we introduce a hop-by-hop routing protocol which provides hop-by-hop data encryption using functions of the SoR. This infrastructure can provide security, privacy and integrity by using these functions. Furthermore, we present the implementations of proposed system in the ns-3 simulator and the test result shows that in a given scenario, the protocol only takes a processing delay of 46.32 μs for the encryption and decryption processes per a packet.
Quantification of cerebral blood flow in healthy volunteers and type 1 diabetic patients: Comparison of MRI arterial spin labeling and [15O]H2O positron emission tomography (PET) (2013)

PCASL provides CBF values that correlate with [(15)O]H2O PET-derived values, but is less accurate. PCASL may be an attractive alternative when absolute quantification is not needed.
Food for protection: an introduction (2005)

It has long been recognized that plants provide floral nectar and pollen to attract pollinators. In addition, plants also provide specific foods as part of a protection strategy. By producing extrafloral nectar or food bodies, plants attract predators that can act as bodyguards, clearing the plant of its antagonists. A wide range of arthropods with a primarily carnivorous lifestyle require plant-provided food as an indispensable part of their diet (Table 1.1). In some arthropod groups, the adult stages depend on nectar or pollen for survival and reproduction, whereas in other groups all stages feed on plant-provided food in addition to prey. Only recently have we started to appreciate the implications of non-prey food for plant-herbivore-carnivore interactions. Insight into these food-mediated interactions not only helps in understanding the functioning of multitrophic interactions in natural ecosystems, it also has direct implications for the use of food supplements in biological control programs. In this introductory chapter we first sketch a historical perspective on the topic of plant-provided foods. Subsequently, we present an outline of the book and briefly introduce the different chapters.
Influence of spent filter backwash water recycling on pesticide removal in a conventional drinking water treatment process (2018)

The effects of recycling spent filter backwash water (SFBW) on the removal of 14 organic pesticides were examined in a simulated conventional drinking water treatment process.
Improve Turbine-Generator Protection for Increased Plant Reliability (1980)

Recent operating experience has prompted a reappraisal of generating unit protection to insure that damage from all potential hazards will be minimized. Eight aspects of unit protection for which new or modified protection is desirable are discussed. Conventional protective relay systems should be supplemented with monitoring systems to detect incipient fault conditions.
A combined TDDA-PVC pH and reference electrode for use in the upper small intestine (1990)

Incorporation of a ligand into polyvinylchloride allows the production of ion selective electrodes that are soft-bodied and disposable. With features make them especially suitable for clinical, particularly gastroenterological, investigations. We report here on the construction of a combined reference and pH electrode suitable for use at jejunal biopsy. With this type of pH electrode, the pH of the mucosal surface of the jejunum in UK and in Indian subjects, without evidence of upper gastrointestinal disease, was about pH 6.0. This was almost identical to previous values measured using a separate reference electrode. Both the polymer electrode and a suitable data logger can be conveniently produced in the laboratory and compare favourably with commercially available systems, provided the range of pH likely to be encountered is within the operating range of the incorporated ligand.
Low-cost and low-loss multimode waveguides of photodefinable epoxy (2006)

To satisfy the urgent need for low-cost multimode planar waveguides, we developed photodefined, multimode-fiber compatible waveguides with low-cost commercially available epoxies showing low losses from 550 to 1100 nm and around 1300nm.
Efficiency enhancement of InGaN/GaN light-emitting diodes with pin-doped GaN quantum barrier (2016)

Blue InGaN/GaN light-emitting diodes with undoped, heavily Si-doped, Si delta-doped, heavily Mg-doped, Mg delta-doped, and Mg–Si pin-doped GaN barrier are investigated numerically. The simulation results demonstrate that the Mg–Si pin-doping in the GaN barrier effectively reduces the polarization-induced electric field between the InGaN well and the GaN barrier in the multiple quantum well, suppresses the quantum-confined Stark effect, and enhances the hole injection and electron confinement in the active region. For this light-emitting diode (LED) device structure, we found that the turn-on voltage is 2.8 V, peak light emission is at 415.3 nm, and internal quantum efficiency is 85.9% at 100 A cm−2. It is established that the LED device with Mg–Si pin-doping in the GaN barrier has significantly improved efficiency and optical output power performance, and lower efficiency droop up to 400 A cm−2 compared with LED device structures with undoped or Si(Mg)-doped GaN barrier.
ChemInform Abstract: Photospecific Cleavage of One of the Cyclopropyl σ‐Bonds of Vinylnorcaradienes. (1998)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Activin Is a Local Regulator of Human Cytotrophoblast Cell Differentiation1 (1997)

Cytotrophoblast cells of the first trimester placenta are highly invasive when removed from villi and cultured in vitro. In vivo, however, only selected cytotrophoblast cells break through the overlying syncytiotrophoblast to form cytotrophoblast columns and ultimately invade the endometrium. To explore the role of paracrine growth factors in regulating cytotrophoblast development, we cultured explants of first trimester chorionic villi in vitro. Both activin and inhibin, as well as the activin binding protein follistatin, are produced by various trophoblast cells throughout pregnancy. We found that addition of activin-A, but not inhibin-A, stimulated the outgrowth of cytotrophoblast cells into the surrounding matrix. This outgrowth was characteristic of that observed in extravillous cytotrophoblast cells in vivo; it was accompanied by cell division within the proximal region of the cytotrophoblast outgrowth, synthesis of fibronectin, as well as the expression of markers characteristic of invasive cytotrophoblast cells, human leukocyte antigen-G and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9. Activin also specifically induced the early expression of MMP-2 within villous cytotrophoblast cells. Addition of the activin binding protein, follistatin, blocked all of the effects of exogenous activin. The morphological and biochemical effects of activin were similar to those observed when signaling of endogenous transforming growth factor-beta was blocked. Interestingly, the latter effects were also reversed by the addition of follistatin. These data suggest that activin plays a local role in promoting cytotrophoblast column formation, likely by regulating the differentiation of villous cytotrophoblast into extravillous cytotrophoblast cells.
Charge state manipulation of silicon-based donor spin qubits (2015)

Spin properties of donor impurities in silicon have been investigated by electron spin resonance (ESR) techniques for more than sixty years. These studies gave us a contribution towards understanding some of the physics of doped semiconductor materials in general, which is the platform for much of our current technology. Despite the fact that donor electron and nuclear spins have been researched for so long, ESR studies of their properties are still giving us interesting insights. With the introduction of the concept of quantum information in the 1980s, some properties of donor spins in silicon, that were known from the fifties (such as long relaxations), have been reinterpreted for their potential application in this field. Since then, incredible experimental results have been achieved with magnetic resonance control, including manipulation and read-out of individual spins. However, some open questions are still to be answered before the realisation of a spin-based silicon quantum architecture will be achieved. Currently, ESR studies still contribute to help answering some of those questions. In this thesis, we demonstrate electrical and optical methods for donor charge state manipulation measured by ESR. Recent experiments have demonstrated that coherence time of nuclear spins may be enhanced by manipulating the state of donors from neutral to singly charged. We investigate electric field ionisation/neutralisation of arsenic donors in a silicon SOI device measured by ESR. Below ionisation threshold, we also measure the hyperfine Stark shift of arsenic donors spins in silicon. These results have, for instance, implications on how fast individual addressability of donor spins may be achieved in certain quantum computer architectures. Here, we also study optical-driven charge state manipulation of selenium impurities in silicon. Selenium has two additional electrons when it replaces an atom in the silicon crystal (i.e. double donor). The electronic properties of singly-ionised selenium make it potentially advantageous as spin qubit, compared to the more commonly studied group-V donors. For instance, we find here that the electron spin relaxation and coherence times of selenium are up to two orders of magnitude longer than phosphorus at the same temperature. Finally, we demonstrate that it is possible to bring selenium impurity in singly-charged state and subsequently re-neutralise them leaving a potential long-lived 77 Se nuclear spin.
Comparative Analysis of Mammary Tissue and Milk Lipids of the Sow (1970)

To reveal possible mechanisms of synthesis of sow's milk fat and parallels of this system to that in ruminants, milk and mammary tissue lipids were analyzed. In comparison to milk lipids, mammary tissue lipids had elevated levels of all lipid classes excepting triglycerides. The substantial levels of 1, 2-diglycerides in tissue lipids suggest that mammary tissue lipids are largely milk lipids in process of formation. Pancreatic lipase hydrolysis of milk triglycerides revealed a preferential location of capric, lauric, myristic and palmitic acids in the 2-position of the glycerol molecule. Comparison of fatty acid compositions of tissue diglycerides and milk triglycerides gave little evidence for selective incorporation of particular fatty acids in the completion step of triglyceride assembly. Differences noted in distribution and fatty acid composition of milk and tissue phospholipids were suggestive of a milk fat secretion mechanism in sows analagous to this system in other mammals.
Facile One-Pot Synthesis of Polydopamine Carbon Dots for Photothermal Therapy (2018)

Carbon dots (CDs) are a member of fluorescent carbon nanomaterials that are widely applied in bioimaging, photothermal therapy (PTT), and biosensors for its tunable fluorescence, photothermal conversion property, and excellent biocompatibility. Surface passivation and doping especially the doping of N atoms are critical factors to enhance the fluorescent intensity of CDs. Until now, a variety of nitrogen-rich molecules has been applied for the surface passivation of CDs such as L-Dopa, amino acids, and polyethylenimine (PEI). Herein, we report the synthesis of fluorescent polydopamine (PDA)-passivated carbon dots (CD-PDA) via one-pot microwave-assisted pyrolysis within 5 min, dramatically simplifying the reaction process compared with the hydrothermal treatment reported before. DLS, FT-IR, UV-Vis, and fluorescence spectroscopy were used to confirm the components of CD-PDA and to illuminate the mechanism of its tunable photoluminescence (PL). Due to the doping of N atoms by PDA, quantum yield (QY) of the CD-PDA was measured at 5%, which was nearly triple the original CDs without adding PDA. Yield of CD-PDA was about 1.5 times of the CDs on account of the enhancement of nucleation site for the carbon dot formation with the phenolic group provided by PDA. Meanwhile, photothermal conversion efficiency of the CD-PDA was determined to be 35% because of the excellent NIR light-thermal conversion property of PDA. Overall, we provided an extremely efficient approach to fabricate the fluorescent N-doped CD-PDA with stable photothermal conversion efficiency and excellent biocompatibility. More importantly, the passivation of PDA enabled the CD-PDA synthesized in our research compatible for further modification through Michael addition or Schiff base reaction.
Decidualization is Impaired in Endometrial Stromal Cells from Uterine Rudiments in Mayer-Rokitansky-Küster-Hauser Syndrome (2017)

Our results indicate that the ESCs from MRKHS patients lack hormone responsiveness as a potential sign of dysfunctional hormone receptor function, which may also play a role in the onset of MRKHS. Further studies are needed to corroborate our findings, directly address receptor function, and elucidate the role of other potential determinants of uterine development and adult function.
Beta-Agonist Lung injury TrIal-2 (BALTI-2): a multicentre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial and economic evaluation of intravenous infusion of salbutamol versus placebo in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (2013)

The National Institute for Health Research Health Technology Assessment programme.
An integrated study on antimicrobial activity and ecotoxicity of&nbsp;quantum dots&nbsp;and&nbsp;quantum dots&nbsp;coated with the antimicrobial peptide indolicidin (2016)

This study attempts to evaluate the antimicrobial activity and the ecotoxicity of quantum dots (QDs) alone and coated with indolicidin. To meet this objective, we tested the level of antimicrobial activity on Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, and we designed an ecotoxicological battery of test systems and indicators able to detect different effects using a variety of end points. The antibacterial activity was analyzed against Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 6538), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 1025), Escherichia coli (ATCC 11229), and Klebsiella pneumoniae (ATCC 10031), and the results showed an improved germicidal action of QDs-Ind. Toxicity studies on Daphnia magna indicated a decrease in toxicity for QDs-Ind compared to QDs alone, lack of bioluminescence inhibition on Vibrio fisheri, and no mutations in Salmonella typhimurium TA 100. The comet assay and oxidative stress experiments performed on D. magna showed a genotoxic and an oxidative damage with a dose-response trend. Indolicidin retained its activity when bound to QDs. We observed an enhanced activity for QDs-Ind. The presence of indolicidin on the surface of QDs was able to decrease its QDs toxicity.
3D printed three-flow microfluidic concentration gradient generator for clinical E. Coli-antibiotic drug screening (2017)

This paper presents a symmetric three-flow microfluidic concentration gradient generator, made possible by a 3D microchannel network fabricated via ultra-high resolution Multijet 3D printing. The prototype fluidic device is utilized as an effective tool for the expedited screening of multi-drug combinations. It rapidly generates 15 discrete combinations of three input drugs which are used to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) value of the three individual antibiotics, as well as to perform simultaneous clinical three-way antibiotic interaction studies on ampicillin-resistant Escherichia coli (E. coli) bacteria. The results from individual antibiotic experiments are used to determine the discrete MIC values, and the multi-drug study reveals clinically relevant antagonistic, synergistic and suppressive interactions between the three different families of antibiotics commonly used to combat antibiotic resistant infections. Furthermore, a simple and effective method of visual interpretation of the experimental results is employed, demonstrating this device's use as an effective multi-drug screening platform for applications in point-of-care biomedical research and clinical medicine.
Distribution oferythro andthreo forms of different types of β-O-4 structures in aspen lignin by13C NMR using the 2D INADEQUATE experiment (1998)

Carbon–carbon connectivity spectra of 13C-enriched aspen lignin recorded using the 2D INADEQUATE experiment revealed cross peaks which can be assigned to four types of arylglycerol β-aryl ethers (β-O-4 structures): erythro forms of arylglycerol β-syringyl ethers, threo forms of arylglycerol β-syringyl ethers, erythro forms arylglycerol β-guaiacyl ethers and threo forms of arylglycerol β-guaiacyl ethers. The intensities of the cross peaks suggest larger amounts of β-syringyl ethers than β-guaiacyl ethers. The erythro isomers dominate among the β-syringyl ethers. Erythro and threo forms of β-guaiacyl ethers are present in similar amounts. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Selective Synthesis and Characterization of Single‐Crystal Silver Molybdate/Tungstate Nanowires by a Hydrothermal Process (2003)

Selective synthesis of uniform single crystalline silver molybdate/tungstate nanorods/nanowires in large scale can be easily realized by a facile hydrothermal recrystallization technique. The synthesis is strongly dependent on the pH conditions, temperature, and reaction time. The phase transformation was examined in details. Pure Ag(2)MoO(4) and Ag(6)Mo(10)O(33) can be easily obtained under neutral condition and pH 2, respectively, whereas other mixed phases of Mo(17)O(47), Ag(2)Mo(2)O(7,) Ag(6)Mo(10)O(33) were observed under different pH conditions. Ag(6)Mo(10)O(33) nanowires with uniform diameter 50-60 nm and length up to several hundred micrometers were synthesized in large scale for the first time at 140 degrees C. The melting point of Ag(6)Mo(10)O(33) nanowires were found to be about 238 degrees C. Similarly, Ag(2)WO(4), and Ag(2)W(2)O(7) nanorods/nanowires can be selectively synthesized by controlling pH value. The results demonstrated that this route could be a potential mild way to selectively synthesize various molybdate nanowires with various phases in large scale.