gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Ensemble theory for force networks in hyperstatic granular matter (2004)

An ensemble approach for force networks in static granular packings is developed. The framework is based on the separation of packing and force scales, together with an a priori flat measure in the force phase space under the constraints that the contact forces are repulsive and balance on every particle. In this paper we will give a general formulation of this force network ensemble, and derive the general expression for the force distribution P(f). For small regular packings these probability densities are obtained in closed form, while for larger packings we present a systematic numerical analysis. Since technically the problem can be written as a noninvertible matrix problem (where the matrix is determined by the contact geometry), we study what happens if we perturb the packing matrix or replace it by a random matrix. The resulting P(f) 's differ significantly from those of normal packings, which touches upon the deep question of how network statistics is related to the underlying network structure. Overall, the ensemble formulation opens up a different perspective on force networks that is analytically accessible, and which may find applications beyond granular matter.
Apparent active transport of MDMA is not mediated by P‐glycoprotein: a comparison with MDCK and Caco‐2 monolayers (2006)

Amphetamines and their methylenedioxy derivatives generically display similar behavioral, physiologic and toxic effects. Inconsistent pharmacokinetic and toxicity data for methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) may suggest that active drug transporters are interacting with these compounds, and thus altering drug absorption and tissue distribution. In vitro models of CNS accumulation and intestinal drug transport were used to assess efflux transport of MDMA. Madin-Darby kidney cell epithelial (MDCK) monolayers displayed a 4-fold increase in accumulation in the basolateral to apical orientation relative to the apical to basolateral orientation, although no differential accumulation was noted between MDCK-WT and MDCK-MDR1 monolayers. Caco-2 monolayers demonstrated an approximate 2-fold increase in accumulation of MDMA. Exposure of various inhibitors of active drug transporters demonstrated mixed results; ritonavir, progesterone and indomethacin produced an approximately 50% reduction of MDMA transport, while verapamil, MK-571 and probenecid had no effect. Based on these data, it is concluded that MDMA efflux is mediated via the activity of a transporter distinct from P-glycoprotein. The possible inhibitory effects of amphetamines on rhodamine-123 transport were also assessed. MDMA, methylenedioxyamphetamine, amphetamine and methamphetamine, at physiologically relevant concentrations, did not significantly alter the transport of rhodamine-123 in Caco-2 monolayers or the LS180 cell line, suggesting that these compounds do not alter the function of P-glycoprotein.
Use of a Combination of Approaches to Identify and Validate Relevant Tumor-Associated Antigens and Their Corresponding Autoantibodies in Ovarian Cancer Patients (2008)

This shows that our approach is a valuable tool to successfully identify autoantibodies and tumor-associated antigens in cancer patients and that future research assessing their putative clinical usefulness would be worthwhile.
Design of a prospective observational study on the effectiveness and real-world usage of recombinant factor VIII Fc (rFVIIIFc) compared with conventional products in haemophilia A: the A-SURE study (2019)

NCT02976753, Pre-results.
Comment on ‘‘Temporal modulation transfer functions in patients with cochlear implants’’ [J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 9 1, 2156–2164 (1992)] (1993)

Shannon [J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 91, 2156–2164 (1992)] reports a strong decrease of modulation detection thresholds with cochlear implant patients for an increase of the stimulus level. His conclusion that this result differs from the findings for acoustical stimulation in normal-hearing subjects needs some clarification. His statement about acoustic stimulation is based on modulation detection measurements for noise carriers, where, indeed, thresholds in normal-hearing subjects are nearly independent of level, at least for carrier levels of more than 20 dB SL. For sinusoidal carriers, however, the modulation detection thresholds decrease with increasing carrier levels over the entire hearing range, similar to his findings with implant listeners.
Signal transduction by FcεRI: Analysis of the early molecular events (1999)

We are analysing the initial molecular events stimulated by the high-affinity receptor for IgE, FcεRI. Earlier studies have shown that the first response when the receptor-bound IgE interacts with a multivalent antigen is a transphosphorylation of receptor tyrosines, induced by the approximation of two or more receptors by a constitutively associated src-family kinase (Lyn). The amount of weakly associated kinase regulates the intensity of the response. Several aspects are being analyzed: (i) the sites on Lyn and the receptor that account for the constitutive interaction; (ii) how the intrinsic affinity of a ligand for the receptor-bound IgE influences the responses; and (iii) the mechanism(s) by which low-affinity ligands can act as antagonists. In the latter studies, mast cell responses were followed by monitoring the phosphorylation of tyrosines on several proteins and secretion. At equivalent levels of receptor phosphorylation, a ligand with high affinity stimulated vigorous phosphorylation of downstream components, whereas a low-affinity ligand was unable to stimulate phosphorylation of the same components effectively. Cells stimulated with a mixture of high- and low-affinity ligands, under a protocol where simple displacement of one by the other was prevented, remarkably showed that excess low-affinity ligand inhibited the phosphorylation as well as degranulation by the high-affinity ligand. This antagonism results from a competition for the limiting amount of the constitutive initiating kinase. Related receptors that depend on recruitment of initiating kinases may be subject to similar regulatory mechanisms.
Development of the Veritas plot and its application in cardiac surgery: an evidence-synthesis graphic tool for the clinician to assess multiple meta-analyses reporting on a common outcome. (2009)

We have presented a practical graphic application for scientists and clinicians to identify and interpret variability in meta-analyses. Although further validation of the Veritas plot is required, it may have the potential to contribute to the implementation of evidence-based practice.
Assessment and mitigation of bleeding risk in atrial fibrillation and venous thromboembolism: A Position Paper from the ESC Working Group on Thrombosis, in collaboration with the European Heart Rhythm Association, the Association for Acute CardioVascular Care and the Asia-Pacific Heart Rhythm Society (2022)

Whilst there is a clear clinical benefit of oral anticoagulation (OAC) in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) and venous thromboembolism (VTE) in reducing the risks of thromboembolism, major bleeding events (especially intracranial bleeds) may still occur and be devastating. The decision to initiate and continue anticoagulation is often based on a careful assessment of both the thromboembolism and bleeding risk. The more common and validated bleeding risk factors have been used to formulate bleeding risk stratification scores, but thromboembolism and bleeding risk factors often overlap. Also, many factors that increase bleeding risk are transient and modifiable, such as variable international normalized ratio values, surgical procedures, vascular procedures, or drug-drug and food-drug interactions. Bleeding risk is also not a static 'one off' assessment based on baseline factors but is dynamic, being influenced by ageing, incident comorbidities, and drug therapies. In this Consensus Document, we comprehensively review the published evidence and propose a consensus on bleeding risk assessments in patients with AF and VTE, with the view to summarizing 'best practice' when approaching antithrombotic therapy in these patients. We address the epidemiology and size of the problem of bleeding risk in AF and VTE, review established bleeding risk factors, and summarize definitions of bleeding. Patient values and preferences, balancing the risk of bleeding against thromboembolism are reviewed, and the prognostic implications of bleeding are discussed. We propose consensus statements that may help to define evidence gaps and assist in everyday clinical practice.
Germ Cell Differentiations during Spermatogenesis and Taxonomic Values of Mature Sperm Morphology of Atrina (Servatrina) pectinata (Bivalvia, Pteriomorphia, Pinnidae) (2012)

The ultrastructural characteristics of germ cell differentiations during spermatogenesis and mature sperm morphology in male Atrina (Servatrina) pectinata were evaluated via transmission electron microscopic observation. The accessory cells, which contained a large quantity of glycogen particles and lipid droplets in the cytoplasm, are assumed to be involved in nutrient supply for germ cell development. Morphologically, the sperm nucleus and acrosome of this species are ovoid and conical in shape, respectively. The acrosomal vesicle, which is formed by two kinds of electron-dense or lucent materials, appears from the base to the tip: a thick and slender elliptical line, which is composed of electron-dense opaque material, appears along the outer part (region) of the acrosomal vesicle from the base to the tip, whereas the inner part (region) of the acrosomal vesicle is composed of electron-lucent material in the acrosomal vesicle. Two special characteristics, which are found in the acrosomal vesicle of A. (S) pectinata in Pinnidae (subclass Pteriomorphia), can be employed for phylogenetic and taxonomic analyses as a taxonomic key or a significant tool. The spermatozoa were approximately 45-50 ㎛ in length, including a sperm nucleus (about 1.43 ㎛ in length), an acrosome (about 0.51 ㎛ in length), and a tail flagellum (about 46-47 ㎛). The axoneme of the sperm tail evidences a 9+2 structure.
Aspects of Testing in Modern Television Systems (1997)

In the past 50 years, methods of testing television systems have progressed from the use of general purpose oscilloscopes to a well-defined set of measurements using television-specific instruments. Introduction of digital techniques into the traditional analog television system, over the past 15 years, has increased the range of specifications to he evaluated but has not changed the basic testing paradigm for video, indirect measurement using test signals. Although there are many useful compression algorithms, MPEG-2 appears to be the most universal, along with its widely accepted system definition for the transmission of additional data encountered in multimedia applications. Introduction of practical video compression techniques has added a whole new dimension to video measurement methods, the need for instruments to directly measure picture quality. The MPEG-2 transport stream, with its small packets, was developed for transmission systems and can be used to carry all types of data. This paper outlines a layered model for systems and testing analogous to the open systems interconnection (OSI) model for communications systems. Methods of picture quality measurement are discussed followed by a description of the MPEG-2 transport stream and test methods for its analysis and generation.
Feasibility analysis of RPSD(Rope type Platform Safe Door) on the simulation (2013)

The platform safety door is difficult to install in platform because the doors of railway vehicles and existing Passenger Safety doors should be alined. To be able to solve this problem, we propose the use of Rope Type Platform Safe Door (RPSD) which is a vertically retractable platform that is designed to close from top to bottom. This platform has installed safety gate pillars at intervals of 20-40 m which accommodates different types of train regardless of train length, gate opening and location. In this paper, we reviewed the application of existing PSD and RPSD in various train stops in Seoul Gyeongbu Line platform. The results of the review showed that the existing PSD may cause problem in construction, safety and cost efficiency. The use of RPSD however shows that minimal problems will be encountered.
A Floating Gate and Its Application to Memory Devices (1967)

A structure has been proposed and fabricated in which semipermanent charge storage is possible. A floating gate is placed a small distance from an electron source. When an appropriately high field is applied through an outer gate, the floating gate charges up. The charges are stored even after the removal of the charging field due to much lower back transport probability. Stored-charge density of the order of 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">12</sup> /cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> has been achieved and detected by a structure similar to an metal-insulator-semiconductor (MIS) field effect transistor. Such a device functions as a bistable memory with nondestructive read-out features. The memory holding time observed was longer than one hour. These preliminary results are in fair agreement with a simple analysis.
Fault Detection and Diagnosis of Winding Short in BLDC Motors Based on Fuzzy Similarity (2009)

The turn-to-turn short is one major fault of the motor faults of BLDC motors and can appear frequently. When the fault happens, the motor can be operated without breakdown, but it is necessary to maintain the motor for continuous working. In past research, several methods have been applied to detect winding faults. The representative approaches have been focusing on current signals, which can give important information to extract features and to detect faults. In this study, current sensors were installed to measure signals for fault detection of BLDC motors. In this study, the Park's vector method was used to extract the features and to isolate the faults from the current measured by sensors. Because this method can consider the three-phase current values, it is useful to detect features from one-phase and three-phase faults. After extracting two-dimensional features, the final feature was generated by using the two-dimensional values using the distance equation. The values were used in fuzzy similarity to isolate the faults. Fuzzy similarity is an available tool to diagnose the fault without model generation and the fault was converted to the percentage value that can be considered as possibility of the fault.
A Conjugate Numerical-RC Network Prediction of the Transient Thermal Response of a Power Amplifier Module in Handheld Telecommunication (2005)

A study compares two different approaches (numerical vs. RC Network) used to predict the transient thermal response of a Radio Frequency (RF) Power Amplifier (PA) module at a given duty cycle (power on and off periodically) in handheld telecommunication. In the numerical approach, commercial software is used to predict device’s transient thermal response at any arbitrary time of interest for a given set of material properties. To predict the peak and valley temperatures of the device when it reaches steady state, a new methodology is presented, combining the steady state temperature at an averaged power and the temperature difference between single-pulse (at averaged power) and a periodical curve at peak or valley. For multiple heat sources, a linear superposition theory applies. Temperature at any given junction and at any specific time, is a linear superposition of its response to the power applied at all junctions (including itself) summed up over all preceding time history. In the analytical Resistor-Capacitor (RC) network approach, the R’s (thermal resistances) and τ’s (time constants) in a single-pulse are predicted using linear regression curve fitting techniques. For a single-pulse RC model, superposition methodology is applied to solve the transient response in any waveform (single or multiple waves in a cycle). A formulated spreadsheet performs the calculation, with inputs such as pulse width, waiting time (before the pulse is initiated), pulse magnitude and period. The peak and valley temperatures at steady state for a single square wave per cycle are predicted through closed form solutions. For multiple square waves per cycle, individual wave responses must be added together throughout the entire range of the steady state cycle to determine the locations (time) of the peaks and valleys. In order to compare these two approaches, two case studies were conducted on a PA module for a cell phone application: at 12.5% duty cycle and at three-square wave per cycle. Results show good agreement between the numerical and RC model approaches, either at any arbitrary time or at “peak and valley” in steady state. Although the RC network method requires an intermediate creation of the RC model from single pulse numerical solutions (or from experimental measurement), the total time and effort to achieve similar results as compared to the direct numerical method may be considerably reduced. Further, once created, the RC model permits essentially unlimited flexibility and extremely rapid computation for arbitrary power cycling, whereas the direct numerical approach requires “starting over” with every different power cycling description of interest.
Anatomy of a Crash-Test Dummy (2007)

Denton ATD, with facilities in Michigan and Ohio, manufactures some of today's most advanced crash-test dummies. The author relates his experience in visiting the company's facility in Milan, Ohio and discusses the detail of Hybrid III, a crash-test dummy model.
Moderately intense physical activities and high levels of cardiorespiratory fitness reduce the risk of non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus in middle-aged men (1996)

http://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/55313/1/Lynch J, Moderately Intense Physical Activities, 1996.pdf
美、中、印工程教育质量与数量的实证分析 (2009)

本文对以往美国、中国和印度工程类毕业生人数的统计提出了质疑。研究表明：美国工程师和技术专家的数量与中国和印度的差距比原来报道的要小。美国仍是全球高品质工程人才的主要来源；尽管工程师的缺口巨大，中国和印度工程类毕业生仍面临着大量失业的困境；由于签证的不确定性和工程师来源国自身经济的增长，美国也正受到如何吸引和留住国外顶尖工程人才的考验。本文认为工程教育的关键是毕业生质量，而不是数量。质量是影响工程师创新和企业家精神的直接因素。
Polydiacetylene Nanotubes in Heterogeneous Catalysis: Application to the Gold‐Mediated Oxidation of Silanes (2015)

A layer‐by‐layer approach is used to anchor small gold nanoparticles onto organic nanotubes resulting from the self‐assembly and polymerization of diacetylene‐containing nitrilotriacetic amphiphiles. The obtained nanotube–gold hybrid is used as a catalyst for the aerobic oxidation of various silanes. With minimal gold loading (0.05 mol%), all substrates are converted into the corresponding silanols with hydrogen gas as the only by‐product. The catalyst operates under mild conditions and can be easily recycled, losing neither activity nor selectivity. image
Line shape and strength of two-photon absorption in an atomic vapor with a resonant or nearly resonant intermediate state (1976)

The line shape and strength of two-photon absorption in an atomic vapor are studied both theoretically and experimentally for the case of absorption of unequal-frequency photons. Special attention is given to the situation in which the intermediate state is resonant or nearly resonant. It is shown that for the resonant case, maximum absorption rates and Doppler-free spectra are simultaneously obtained. Either counterpropagating or copropagating beams can be used. With counterpropagating beams the two-photon linewidths are quite insensitive to power broadening of the intermediate state. With copropagating beams the two-photon spectra can also reveal the intermediate-state structure with a resolution determined mainly by the intermediate-state lifetime (nearly as well as can be done using any spectroscopic technique). The theoretical analysis provides a closed-form solution for the line shape and strength of the two-photon spectrum. In general the line shape is composed of two features. One is Doppler broadened and predominates when the intermediate state is nonresonant. The second feature is Doppler free, and it predominates with a resonant intermediate state. Detailed comparisons of experimental measurements of the line shape and strength of two-photon absorption in Na vapor are made with the theory and found to be in excellent agreement. Signal strengths for the onresonance case are 6 \ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{} ${10}^{9}$ larger than the case of equal-frequency photons with no loss in resolution.
Low-Rank Tensor Ring Model for Completing Missing Visual Data (2020)

Low rank tensor factorization can be viewed as a higher order generalization of low-rank matrix factorization, both of which have been used for image and video representation and reconstruction from compressive measurements. In this paper, we present an algorithm for recovering low-rank tensors from massively under-sampled or missing data. We use low-rank tensor ring (TR) factorization to model images and videos. We observed that TR factorization models are robust to random missing entries but they fail in the cases when large blocks or slices of data are missing. We developed the following two types of algorithms to fill large missing blocks: An algorithm that incrementally updates the tensor rank and implicitly enforces correlations among different modes of the tensor. A framework to incorporate information about similarities between different modes of the tensor to enforce explicit similarity constraints between the missing and known parts of the tensors. We present simulation experiments on YaleB dataset to demonstrate the performance of our methods.
Anisotropic Strain-Induced Curvature in Type-II CdSe/CdTe Nanorod Heterostructures (2010)

Type-II band-offset CdSe/CdTe nanorod heterostructures with curved and linear shapes have been synthesized and examined with atomic-resolution transmission electron microscopy techniques. Strain from growth of larger-lattice CdTe partly on the sides of CdSe nanorod seeds is shown to lead to an overall curvature in the rods. Lattice expansion from the inner to the outer portion of the curved region exceeds the expected lattice mismatch between the two materials because of the buildup of an unusual compressive strain in the CdSe. In contrast, exclusive tip growth results in linear barbell-shaped heterostructures that do not exhibit strain-induced curvature. The ability to vary the anisotropic lattice strain should allow control over the underlying electronic structure, providing new approaches to directing photogenerated carriers that may facilitate incorporation of nanorod heterostructures in various energy applications.
First International Symposium on Nonthermal Medical/Biological Treatments using Electromagnetic Fields and Ionized Gases (1999)

Abstract : In order to provide a forum for the exchange of information and ideas in these emerging research and technology fields, the First International Symposium on Nonhermal Medical/Biological Treatments Using Electromagnetic Fields and Ionize Gases (ElectroMed99, for short) was held on April 12-14, 1999 in Norfolk, Virginia. The Symposium was sponsored by the U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research, the National Science Foundation, IEEE Nuclear and Plasma Sciences Society, the Bioelectromagnetics Society, Old Dominion University, the Eastern Virginia Medical School, and the College of William and Mary. One hundred and thirty-five scientists from twelve countries attended.
ChemInform Abstract: Development of Asymmetric Nickel‐Catalyzed Arylation of Aromatic Aldehydes with Arylboron Reagents. (2009)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.