gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Model development for the wideband expressway vehicle-to-vehicle 2.4 GHz channel (2006)

Statistical channel models for small-scale fading are presented for a frequency selective vehicle-to-vehicle or mobile-to-mobile wireless communications link in an expressway environment in Atlanta, Georgia, where both vehicles travel in the same direction. These doubly selective models were developed from measurements taken using the direct sequence spread spectrum (DSSS) technique at 2.45 GHz. The models imply a non-separable channel with a persistent Ricean behavior across multiple model taps. We also explore model dynamics by comparing BER statistics for an overall model that is fit to the entire data set with those of a collection of models, each fit to smaller, non-overlapping intervals
Design of a Propagation-Delay-Tolerant MAC Protocol for Underwater Acoustic Sensor Networks (2009)

Underwater acoustic sensor networks (UASNs) can be employed in a vast range of applications, retrieving accurate and up-to-date information from underneath the ocean's surface. Although widely used by terrestrial sensor networks, radio frequencies (RFs) do not propagate well underwater. Therefore, acoustic channels are employed as an alternative to support long-distance and low-power communication in underwater sensor networks even though acoustic signals suffer from long propagation delay and have very limited bandwidth. In this paper, we introduce an adaptive propagation-delay-tolerant collision-avoidance protocol (APCAP) for the media access control (MAC) sublayer of UASN. The protocol includes an improved handshaking mechanism that improves efficiency and throughput in UASN where there is a large propagation delay. The mechanism guarantees nodes that can potentially interfere with a forthcoming transmission are properly informed. It also allows a node to utilize its idle time while waiting for messages to propagate, which is otherwise wasted by most existing MAC protocols. The simulation results indicate that where employed by UASN, APCAP exhibits good performance and outperforms the other MAC protocols examined in this paper.
Supplementary Figures S1-S5 from Microparticle-Delivered Cxcl9 Prolongs Braf Inhibitor Efficacy in Melanoma (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Figures S1-S5&lt;/p&gt;
Peripherally Inserted Central Catheters in the Intensive Care Unit (1996)

We report the success rate and complications of peripherally inserted central catheters (PICCs) in patients hospitalized in an intensive care unit (ICU). We performed a cohort study in the ICU of a large tertiary care, university-affiliated community hospital. All ICU patients for whom their attending physicians requested a PICC service consultation were included. Main outcome measurements included (1) the success rate for initial PICC placement, (2) the placement complication rate, and (3) the overall success and complication rate. Of the 91 consecutive attempts at PICC placement, 89 (97.8%) were successful: of the 89 successful placements, 25 (28%) required cutdown procedures. There were 20 complications of initial placement and 8 delayed complications, which occurred in 19 PICCs. Complications included recatheterization after first attempt was unsuccessful (10), catheter malposition (7), palpitations or catheter clotting (3 each), heavy bleeding or mechanical phlebitis (2 each), and arterial puncture (1). The overall success rate for completion of therapy using the PICC was 74.7%. The most frequent reasons for failure to complete therapy were catheter dislodgment in 8 patients and "infection" in 9 patients. Of these 9 patients with "infections," 8 catheters were discontinued due to potential infection, and only 1 was removed due to confirmed infection. The confirmed infection rate was 6/10,000 patient days. The PICC appears to be a reasonable alternative to other approaches to peripheral and central venous access. The initial and overall success rates from this preliminary study justify further evaluation of the PICC in critically ill patients.
Increasing the Bandwidth of Microstrip Patch Antenna by Loading Compact Artificial Magneto-Dielectrics (2010)

We realize artificial magneto-dielectric loading for microstrip patch antenna by etching embedded meander-line (EML) array in the ground plane under the patch. The related artificial magneto-dielectric medium belongs to the waveguided metamaterial proposed previously. Both simulation and measurement results show that the proposed patch antenna with the EML array has wider impedance bandwidth than the conventional patch antenna with the same size. Though we have to increase the antenna profile by attaching an additional shield metal plate to suppress the back radiation, the proposed magneto-dielectric loading method requires lower fabrication complexity and lower cost than the existing techniques.
The perception of colour (1991)

Colour theories and experimentation, Gouras the physical measurement of colour, Wright the psychophysical measurement of colour, Smith colour contrast, constancy and appearance, Pokorny et al the evolution of colour vision, Goldsmith the molecular biology of colour vision, Piantanida photoreceptors, photopigments, oil droplets, Bowmaker the anatomy of colour vision, Kolb and Lipetz photoreceptor physiology, Norman precortical colour vision, Gouras colour vision in the visual cortex, Michael colour evoked responses, Gouras links between colour vision and physiology, Spillman and Sharpe colour illusions and afterimages, Gomas insect colour vision, Menzel et al colour television and colour displays, Cowan models, Gouras.
SP–PLP–EPR Measurement of Iron-Mediated Radical Termination in ATRP (2014)

Radical termination was studied in the presence of iron(II) bromide, which is an attractive catalyst for atom-transfer radical polymerization (ATRP). Termination rate is measured in both the absence and presence of FeII via time-resolved EPR spectroscopy of propagating radicals produced by applying laser single pulses. This novel method quantifies the catalytic termination of two propagating radicals by FeII. The associated rate coefficient was measured in an extended temperature range for both acrylate and methacrylate polymerization. Detailed knowledge about the kinetics of FeII-catalyzed radical termination may be of general importance for iron-mediated ATRPs of acrylates.
Frequency reconfigurable antenna for DVB‐H applications (2011)

Abstract This article presents a new reconfigurable DVB‐H antenna for a portable TV or a tablet PC device. The antenna consists in a folded monopole loaded by a diode varactor combined with an open stub used to match the antenna. Design procedure and equivalent model are presented. A prototype is realized and measured; return loss and efficiency are presented. A minimal total efficiency of 27% is reported at the whole DVB‐H band. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett, 2011; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.26160
Critical current density from magnetization hysteresis data using the critical-state model (2001)

We present an exact method to extract the critical current density ${(J}_{c})$ from the irreversible magnetization data $(M\ensuremath{-}H)$ using the Bean's critical-state model. The weakly pinned superconducting samples are known to display an anomalous peak in ${J}_{c}$ with the increase in H, which is referred to as the peak effect phenomenon and it is in contemporary focus. We show that the shape of the hysteresis bubble identifying peak effect in ${J}_{c}(H)$ in the M-$H$ data is asymmetric.
Impact of Peyronie's Disease on Sexual and Psychosocial Functioning: Qualitative Findings in Patients and Controls (2008)

This qualitative study helped to refine and broaden the focus of the conceptual model for further assessment. It also confirmed that PD has a major impact on sexual and psychological function in these patients.
Moderate Reynolds Number Flows through Periodic and Random Arrays of Aligned Cylinders (1996)

The effects of fluid inertia on the pressure drop required to drive fluid flow through periodic and random arrays of aligned cylinders is investigated. Numerical simulations using a lattice-Boltzmann formulation are performed for Reynolds numbers up to about 180.The magnitude of the drag per unit length on cylinders in a square array at moderate Reynolds number is strongly dependent on the orientation of the drag (or pressure gradient) with respect to the axes of the array; this contrasts with Stokes flow through a square array, which is characterized by an isotropic permeability. Transitions to time-oscillatory and chaotically varying flows are observed at critical Reynolds numbers that depend on the orientation of the pressure gradient and the volume fraction.In the limit Re[Lt ]1, the mean drag per unit length, F, in both periodic and random arrays, is given by F/(μU) =k1+k2Re2, where μ is the fluid viscosity, U is the mean velocity in the bed, and k1 and k2 are functions of the solid volume fraction ϕ. Theoretical analyses based on point-particle and lubrication approximations are used to determine these coefficients in the limits of small and large concentration, respectively.In random arrays, the drag makes a transition from a quadratic to a linear Re-dependence at Reynolds numbers of between 2 and 5. Thus, the empirical Ergun formula, F/(μU) =c1+c2Re, is applicable for Re>5. We determine the constants c1 and c2 over a wide range of ϕ. The relative importance of inertia becomes smaller as the volume fraction approaches close packing, because the largest contribution to the dissipation in this limit comes from the viscous lubrication flow in the small gaps between the cylinders.
Packing characteristics of highly unsaturated bilayer lipids: Raman spectroscopic studies of multilamellar phosphatidylcholine dispersions (1991)

The thermotropic properties and acyl chain packing characteristics of multilamellar dispersions of highly unsaturated lipids were examined by Raman spectroscopy. Bilayer assemblies were composed of POPC (1-palmitoyl-2-oleoylphosphatidylcholine), PAPC (1-palmitoyl-2-arachidonylphosphatidylcholine), and PDPC (1-palmitoyl-2-docosahexaenoylphosphatidylcholine), lipid systems possessing saturated sn-1 chains and unsaturated sn-2 chains with one, four, and six double bonds, respectively. Raman spectra were recorded in the acyl chain 2800-3100-cm-1 carbon-hydrogen (C-H) stretching and 1100-1200-cm-1 carbon-carbon (C-C) stretching mode regions, spectral intervals reflecting both the inter- and intrachain order/disorder properties of the various lipid dispersions. In order to obtain C-H stretching mode spectra relevant solely to the sn-1 chains of PAPC and PDPC, liquid-phase spectra of arachidonic and docosahexaenoic acid, respectively, were subtracted from the observed phospholipid spectra. The unsaturated sn-2 chains of PAPC and PDPC undergo minimal conformational reorganizations as the bilayers pass from the gel to liquid-crystalline phases. Phase transition temperatures, Tm, derived from statistically fitting the temperature-dependent Raman spectral data are approximately -2.5, -22.5, and -3 degrees C for POPC, PAPC, and PDPC, respectively. As the degree of unsaturation increases from POPC to PAPC and PDPC, the cooperativity of the phase transition, as measured by its breadth, decreases. Estimates of the transition widths from the temperature profiles are approximately 15 degrees C for PAPC and 20 degrees C for PDPC. The behavior of various Raman spectral parameters for the lipid gel phase reflects the formation of lateral microdomains, or clusters, whose packing properties maximize the van der Waals interactions between sn-1 chains.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Prevention of in vitro fertilization of canine oocytes by anti‐ovary antisera: A potential approach to fertility control in the bitch (1982)

Abstract Antisera raised against canine ovaries were found to induce light scattering of the surface of the egg zona pellucida even when diluted 10,000 times, and to delay digestion of the zona by pronase.
Threshold Reduction of 1.3 μm GaInAsP/InP Surface Emitting Laser by a Maskless Circular Planar Buried Heterostructure Regrowth (1993)

By a maskless PBH (planar buried heterostructure) LPE regrowth technique, we improved the hetero-interface of GaInAsP/InP circular BH structure. In this report, we demonstrate a low threshold 1.3 μ m BH type surface emitting laser using this technique. We call this type of device circular PBH surface emitting laser (CPBH-SELD).
Angiotensin II type 1 receptor-mediated stimulation of c-fos gene expression in astroglial cultures (1993)

Angiotensin II (ANG II) stimulates plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1) gene expression in astroglial cells prepared from rat brains. In this study, we investigated whether c-fos gene expression may be involved in this cellular action of ANG II. Incubation of astroglial cultures with ANG II caused a time- and dose-dependent transient stimulation of the steady-state levels of c-fos mRNA, with a maximal stimulation of 50-fold observed with 100 nM ANG II within 30-45 min. This stimulation was completely abolished by the presence of the type 1 ANG II (AT1) receptor antagonist losartan but not by the type 2 ANG II receptor blocker PD-123177. Depolarization of brain cell cultures with 50 mM K+ also caused a 100-fold increase in c-fos mRNA levels, an effect partially blocked by losartan. These observations show that AT1 receptor activation stimulates expression of the c-fos gene, which may act as a third messenger in the regulation of cellular actions of ANG II, including PAI-1 gene expression in astroglial cells.
Solving Ill-Posed Linear Systems with GMRES and a Singular Preconditioner (2012)

Almost singular linear systems arise in discrete ill-posed problems. Either because of the intrinsic structure of the problem or because of preconditioning, the spectrum of the coefficient matrix is often characterized by a sizable gap between a large group of numerically zero eigenvalues and the rest of the spectrum. Correspondingly, the right-hand side has leading eigencomponents associated with the eigenvalues away from zero. In this paper the effect of this setting in the convergence of the generalized minimal residual (GMRES) method is considered. It is shown that in the initial phase of the iterative algorithm, the residual components corresponding to the large eigenvalues are reduced in norm, and these can be monitored without extra computation. The analysis is supported by numerical experiments. In particular, ill-posed Cauchy problems for partial differential equations with variable coefficients are considered, where the preconditioner is a fast, low-rank solver for the corresponding problem with constant coefficients.
Improved temperature characteristics in quantum dot lasers with indirect-bandgap barriers (2003)

Abstract : This study demonstrates that a much high characteristic- temperature can be achieved with quantum dot lasers of indirect barrier compared to those of direct barrier. The temperature dependence of threshold current is reduced because the injected carriers residing in the barrier at high temperatures recombine slowly.
Enzootic Intranasal Tumour of Goats in Italy (1993)

An outbreak of enzootic intranasal tumour (EIT) in a goat herd in Central Italy is described. From October 1990 to September 1992 41 tumors were diagnosed in goats ranging in age from 6 months to 6 years and of both the Alpine and Saanen breeds. Clinically the affected goats showed nasal discharge, facial swelling, sneezing and snoring respiration and weight loss. Post-mortem examinations revealed uni- or bilateral tumours of the olfactory mucous membrane. The neoplasms were classified as low grade adenocarcinomas. Ultrastructurally, retrovirus-like particles were observed in 10/10 tumours examined. Epidemiological and ultrastructural findings strongly suggest a viral aetiology for intranasal enzootic adenocarcinoma in the goats examined.
An adaptive channel access mechanism for LTE-U and WiFi coexistence in an unlicensed spectrum (2016)

This paper proposes an adaptive channel access (ACA) mechanism for LTE-U and WiFi coexistence in an unlicensed spectrum. To support the ACA mechanism, we introduce a new time-frequency structure, and a modified listen before talk (MLBT) functionality for channel contention of LTE-U users. Moreover, we also introduce a dynamic channel switch (DCS) sub-mechanism and an adaptive almost blank subframe (AABS) sub-mechanism for LTE-U users to access a channel under different levels of traffic load. The DCS sub-mechanism is intended to avoid an LTE-U user to occupy a channel for too long and thus provide more access opportunities for WiFi users when the traffic load in the network is low. The AABS sub-mechanism is intended to reserve a certain number of subframes in an LTU-U frame for use by WiFi users when the traffic load in the network is high in order to ensure fair access opportunities for WiFi users. To use the DCS and AABS sub-mechanisms, the BS in the LTE-U network and the AP in the WiFi system must report the number of their users to a mobile management entity (MME) in the core network through signaling messages, respectively. Based on the information contained in the received signaling messages, the MME will calculate the current traffic load of LTE-U and WiFi, and based on the traffic load status decide to use different sub-mechanisms in LTE-U. Simulation results show that the proposed ACA mechanism can effectively improve the system performance in terms of average user throughput.
Polydispersity and Ordered Phases in Solutions of Rodlike Macromolecules (1996)

We apply density functional theory to study the influence of polydispersity on the stability of columnar, smectic, and solid ordering in the solutions of rodlike macromolecules. For sufficiently large length polydispersity (standard deviation $\ensuremath{\sigma}&gt;0.25$) a direct first-order nematic-columnar transition is found, while for smaller \ensuremath{\sigma} there is a continuous nematic-smectic and first-order smectic-columnar transition. The length distribution of macromolecules changes neither at the nematic-smectic nor at the nematic-columnar transition. In the binary mixtures the nematic-smectic transition is also continuous. Demixing in the smectic phase is preempted by transitions to solid or columnar phases.
PADLA: A Dynamic Log Level Adapter Using Online Phase Detection (2019)

Logging is an important feature for a software system to record its run-time information. Although detailed logs are helpful to identify the cause of a failure in a program execution, constantly recording detailed logs of a long-running system is challenging because of its performance overhead and storage cost. To solve the problem, we propose PADLA (Phase-Aware Dynamic Log Level Adapter) that dynamically adjusts the log level of a running system so that the system can record irregular events such as performance anomalies in detail while recording regular events concisely. PADLA is an extension of Apache Log4j, one of the most popular logging framework for Java. It employs an online phase detection algorithm to recognize irregular events. It monitors run-time performance of a system and learns regular execution phases of a program. If it recognizes a performance anomalies, it automatically changes the log level of a system to record the detailed behavior. In the case study, PADLA successfully recorded a detailed log for performance analysis of a server system under high load while suppressing the amount of log data and performance overhead.
Inhibition of heat shock protein 70 intensifies heat-stressed damage and apoptosis of chicken primary myocardial cells in vitro (2017)

To investigate the potential protective effect of heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) during heat stress (HS) in chicken primary myocardial cells (CPMC), a cellular model of low expression of Hsp70 was established using 200 µM quercetin, a specific inhibitor of Hsp70. Comparative analyses were done among a HS group, Hsp70 low expression (HS+Quercetin) group and quercetin treated only group (Quercetin) during different durations of HS (0, 1, 2, 3 and 5 h). Inhibition of Hsp70 expression in quercetin treatment groups was detected, and suggested that Hsp70 expression was inhibited significantly. Levels of enzymes associated with cardiac damage were measured. In the Hsp70 low expression group, levels of these enzymes were elevated significantly compared with HS group, quercetin alone didn't elevate the level of these enzymes, The Hsp70 low expression group had twofold greater apoptosis compared with the HS group after 5 h of HS which was consistent with the results of Cleaved caspase‑3 protein, no obvious apoptosis was detected in quercetin group. Levels of caspase-3 and -9 activities were significantly higher in the Hsp70 low expression group, no differences of apoptosis inducing factor (AIF) in cell nucleus were observed between two groups suggested that inhibition of Hsp70 in CPMC increased the percentage of apoptosis may involve a mitochondrial pathway but AIF was not included. Expression of Bax with Bcl‑2 and their downstream cytochrome c in two groups confirmed our hypothesis. Our findings suggest that in CPMC, Hsp70 may have a cytoprotective role during HS that may act via a mitochondrial pathway.
Reversal of sedation with flumazenil in a child after traumatic brain injury (2009)

The authors report on a case of successful reversal of sedation with flumazenil, a benzodiazepine antagonist, in a child following a moderate traumatic brain injury and demonstrate the utility of flumazenil to reverse benzodiazepine effects in traumatically injured children.
Antigenic and Structural Variation of the p28 Core Polypeptide of Goat and Sheep Retroviruses (1987)

The p28 core polypeptides of four isolates of caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus (CAEV) from goats was compared with those of visna virus (VV) and progressive pneumonia virus (PPV) from sheep. Monoclonal antibodies recognized p28 epitopes common to all six retrovirus isolates, a p28 epitope on four CAEV isolates, but not VV and PPV isolates, a p28 epitope on four CAEV isolates and VV, but not PPV and a p28 epitope unique to the CAEV isolate used for immunizing the mouse spleen donor. Comparison of two-dimensional maps of tyrosine containing tryptic peptides of p28 demonstrated that three CAEV isolates had similar maps while a fourth CAEV isolate, VV and PPV had several different from the three closely related CAEV p28s and from each other.
Embedded software verification: Challenges and solutions (2008)

Embedded software are becoming more and more pervasive in our lives, and many application domains have very high reliability requirements. Ensuring high software quality while still maintaining software productivity is a challenging task. In order to address this challenge, more formal analysis and automated verification techniques are needed in addition to standard software testing.
Content Delivery And Management In Networked Mpeg-4 System (2015)

Publication in the conference proceedings of EUSIPCO, Tampere, Finland, 2000
Channel capacity in cellular systems (2011)

By applying information theory to the analysis of a cellular system, it has been shown that it is a useful idea to reuse all the frequency bands in the adjacent cell (frequency reuse factor 1) and use the most robust modulation scheme at the cell boundary. This is not a surprising result since this is done in LTE and other systems like WIMAX and DTT. How this was derived by means of simple formulas is hopefully original and should provide some useful insights. The analysis has been done for the up link which is normally more critical than down link. As expected, the capacity of the cell increases as the propagation exponent increases since there is less interference between the cells using the same frequency and only the interference from other cells using the same frequency limits the capacity - not the thermal noise. The analysis presented is not limited to a particular system like LTE.