gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Self-assembly of amphiphilic calixarenes and resorcinarenes in water (2010)

The calixarenes and resorcinarenes are macrocyclic phenolic molecules that can be modified “à façon” and a wide range of chemical modification strategies have been published over the last 30 years. Because of their remarkable structural properties and their relative ease of chemical modification, they represent excellent and highly versatile bases to design complex building blocks capable of self-assembly and molecular recognition. They have been widely studied for their ability to form supramolecular structures targeting a wide range of applications. The possibility to regio(rim)-selectively modify these macrocycles with different polar and apolar moieties provides synthetic chemists with an unlimited range of possibilities for the design of complex amphiphiles with a high control over the position of the grafted moieties in the three dimensions. These amphiphiles have been shown to possess outstanding self-assembling and/or molecular recognition properties. This short review describes the developments of the chemistry of amphiphilic calixarenes and resorcinarenes with a clear focus on the synthetic paths used for their production and their self-assembly properties in water.
An application of monotone functions decomposition to the reconstruction of gene regulatory networks (2011)

We describe the reconstruction of a gene regulatory network involved with the Toll-like Receptor signaling pathways. By applying our recent identification algorithm to a time series gene expression dataset, we identify regulatory interactions between genes and construct discrete-time piece-wise affine regulatory functions. Our validation shows that our model predicts the expression levels of the genes involved in the network with good accuracy.
Catching up with the Data: Research Issues in Mining Data Streams. (2001)

In many domains, data now arrives faster than we are able to mine it. To avoid wasting this data, we must switch from the traditional &amp;quot;one-shot&amp;quot; data mining approach to systems that are able to mine continuous, high-volume, open-ended data streams as they arrive. In this paper we identify some desiderata for such systems, report on our recent work realizing them, and outline a number of directions for future research.
Unsupervised detection of multimodal clusters in edited recordings (2010)

Edited video recordings, such as talk-shows and sitcoms, often include Audio-Visual clusters: frequent repetitions of closely related acoustic and visual content. For example during a political debate, every time that a given participant holds the conversational floor, her/his voice tends to co-occur with camera views (i.e. shots) showing her/his portrait. Differently from the previous Audio-Visual clustering works, this paper proposes an unsupervised approach that detects Audio-Visual clusters, avoiding to make assumptions on the recording content, such as the presence of specific participant voices or faces. Sequences of audio and shot clusters are automatically identified using unsupervised audio diarization and shot segmentation techniques. Audio-Visual clusters are then formed by ranking the co-occurrences between these two segmentations and selecting those which significantly go beyond chance. Numerical experiments performed on a collection of 70 political debates, comprising more than 43 hours of live edited recordings, showed that automatically extracted AudioVisual clusters well match the ground-truth annotation, achieving high purity performances.
Lipogenesis by Acini from Mammary Gland of Lactating Rats (1974)

Abstract Intact acini were prepared from the mammary gland of lactating rats by treatment with collagenase. The acini were obtained in high yield. The preparation offers considerable advantage over the use of tissue slices. The acini were incubated with glucose, lactate, pyruvate, and acetate labeled with 14C and tritium, as single substrates or in combination with glucose. Synthesis of fatty acids from glucose was about 2500 µatoms of carbon per g of dry fat-free tissue, or approximately 150 µmoles of acetyl units per g wet weight per hour. Lactate as the sole substrate is oxidized to a small extent and fatty acid synthesis is negligible. Acetate as the sole substrate is hardly utilized. Pyruvate is oxidized at a rapid rate, but lipogenesis is much lower than that from glucose. Addition of glucose stimulates lipogenesis from lactate and acetate, but not from pyruvate. Lipogenesis from glucose is stimulated slightly by acetate, depressed by lactate, and nearly completely inhibited by pyruvate at concentrations of 10 mm. Lipogenesis from lactate plus glucose, and acetate plus glucose, is greater than that from glucose alone. With 5 mm glucose and 5 mm lactate, lactate contributes three-fourths of the fatty acid carbon; with 5 mm glucose and 2 mm lactate, the contribution of the two substrates is approximately equal. A balance between reducing equivalents and ATP production and utilization was calculated for glucose alone and for glucose in the presence of lactate and acetate. There is an excess of reducing equivalent production in the cytosol over the requirement for lipogenesis. In all of the conditions, there was a large apparent excess of ATP production over the requirements for biosynthesis.
Phosphorylation-Specific Prolyl Isomerase Pin1 as a new Diagnostic and Therapeutic Target for Cancer (2008)

Proline directed phosphorylation is a key regulatory mechanism controlling the function of fundamental proteins involved in cell proliferation and oncogenic transformation. Recently, the identification of the phosphorylation dependent prolyl isomerase Pin1 has uncovered a distinct regulatory mechanism controlling protein function. Specifically, Pin1 controls the conversion of peptidyl proline bond conversion from cis to trans, only when the preceding serine or threonine is phosphorylated. The intrinsic inter-conversion of such bonds is rather slow and is further inhibited by phosphorylation. As a consequence catalysis by Pin1 is required to overcome this restriction. Importantly, structural evidence has now demonstrated that Pin1-catalyzed prolyl isomerization can have significant effects on the global structure of substrate proteins. Furthermore, Pin1 overexpression is found in several types of cancer where it functions to not only promote tumorigenesis induced by oncogenes such as Ras and Neu, but also to regulate molecules that facilitate persistent proliferative capacity. Consequently, Pin1-mediated phosphorylation-dependent isomerization represents a unique regulatory mechanism in cell signaling whose deregulation during tumorigenesis adds to the pro-proliferative capacity of tumor cells and therefore Pin1 represents a novel tumor marker and potential therapeutic target.
Intra- and Interspecific Comparisons of Bacterial Diversity and Community Structure Support Coevolution of Gut Microbiota and Termite Host (2005)

We investigated the bacterial gut microbiota from 32 colonies of wood-feeding termites, comprising four Microcerotermes species (Termitidae) and four Reticulitermes species (Rhinotermitidae), using terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis and clonal analysis of 16S rRNA. The obtained molecular community profiles were compared statistically between individuals, colonies, locations, and species of termites. Both analyses revealed that the bacterial community structure was remarkably similar within each termite genus, with small but significant differences between sampling sites and/or termite species. In contrast, considerable differences were found between the two termite genera. Only one bacterial phylotype (defined with 97% sequence identity) was shared between the two termite genera, while 18% and 50% of the phylotypes were shared between two congeneric species in the genera Microcerotermes and Reticulitermes, respectively. Nevertheless, a phylogenetic analysis of 228 phylotypes from Microcerotermes spp. and 367 phylotypes from Reticulitermes spp. with other termite gut clones available in public databases demonstrated the monophyly of many phylotypes from distantly related termites. The monophyletic "termite clusters" comprised of phylotypes from more than one termite species were distributed among 15 bacterial phyla, including the novel candidate phyla TG2 and TG3. These termite clusters accounted for 95% of the 960 clones analyzed in this study. Moreover, the clusters in 12 phyla comprised phylotypes from more than one termite (sub)family, accounting for 75% of the analyzed clones. Our results suggest that the majority of gut bacteria are not allochthonous but are specific symbionts that have coevolved with termites and that their community structure is basically consistent within a genus of termites.
[Studies on post-splenectomy infection and immune activation by muramyl peptide. A new concept in the prevention of severe infections]. (1991)

The existence of the overwhelming postsplenectomy infection syndrome in adults after traumatic splenectomy is discussed controversially. In this study the effects of splenectomy and spleen-preserving operations on outcome of experimental pneumococcemia of the pig were analyzed. Furthermore, the effect of the monocyte activator MTP-PE was assessed. Splenic operations had no influence on the used criteria of sepsis. Pretreatment with MTP-PE protected animals against development of septic leukocytopenia and led to an enhanced bacterial clearance. In addition, mortality of experimental sepsis was significantly decreased. Splenic preservation in adults after posttraumatic splenectomy does not seem to be warranted. On the other hand, the activator of the monocyte-macrophage-system seems to represent an effective regimen to prevent development of sepsis in high-risk patients.
From protein networks to biological systems (2005)

A system-level understanding of any biological process requires a map of the relationships among the various molecules involved. Technologies to detect and predict protein interactions have begun to produce very large maps of protein interactions, some including most of an organism's proteins. These maps can be used to study how proteins work together to form molecular machines and regulatory pathways. They also provide a framework for constructing predictive models of how information and energy flow through biological networks. In many respects, protein interaction maps are an entrée into systems biology.
Model-predictive undercarriage control for a pseudo-omnidirectional, wheeled mobile robot (2022)

A high degree of mobility and flexibility will be a prerequisite for the successful deployment of future service robots. Currently, pseudo-omnidirectional, wheeled mobile robots with independently steered and driven wheels seem to provide a solid compromise between complexity, flexibility and robustness. Yet, such undercarriages are imposed to the risk of actuator fighting and suffer from singular regions within their configuration space. Within this work a model predictive control (MPC) approach is proposed that addresses both, actuator coordination and singularity avoidance. The control problem is treated within the spherical coordinate representation of the system's velocity space. The MPC approach is simulative and experimentally evaluated w.r.t. the undercarriage of the Care-Obot 3 mobile robot and is compared to an earlier developed potential field (PF) based approach.
Energy/Glucose Metabolism in Neurodegenerative Diseases (1997)

That disorders in energy/glucose metabolism can cause neurological and psychiatric disorders has been known for over a century. After the work of Claude Bernard on the importance of glucose metabolism, the German-speaking neurologists, psychiatrists, and pathologists (“alienists”) recognized on neuropathological grounds that impairing the supply of glucose and oxygen to the brain could cause a variety of neurological syndromes (1,2). That impairments of energy/glucose metabolism were important causes of diseases of the brain remained conventional wisdom through the 1950s. Among the evidence in support of this view were:
Analyzing Brain Functions by Subject Classification of Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Data Using Convolutional Neural Networks Analysis (2016)

Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) is suitable for noninvasive mapping of relative changes in regional cortical activity but is limited for quantitative comparisons among cortical sites, subjects, and populations. We have developed a convolutional neural network (CNN) analysis method that learns feature vectors for accurate identification of group differences in fNIRS responses. In this study, subject gender was classified using CNN analysis of fNIRS data. fNIRS data were acquired from male and female subjects during a visual number memory task performed in a white noise environment because previous studies had revealed that the pattern of cortical blood flow during the task differed between males and females. A learned classifier accurately distinguished males from females based on distinct fNIRS signals from regions of interest (ROI) including the inferior frontal gyrus and premotor areas that were identified by the learning algorithm. These cortical regions are associated with memory storage, attention, and task motor response. The accuracy of the classifier suggests stable gender-based differences in cerebral blood flow during this task. The proposed CNN analysis method can objectively identify ROIs using fNIRS time series data for machine learning to distinguish features between groups.
Synonyms and homonyms as seen in comparative linguistics (1993)

La notion de synonyme peut etre exploree en examinant la construction des blocs qui sont utilises pour creer des mots dans les langues indiennes d'Amerique. Les procedes cognitifs universels sont similaires entre les locuteurs des langues indo-europeennes et des langues non-ouest, comme dans les concepts haut et bas. Les relations cognitives nous donnent une idee de la signification, et de la maniere dont l'esprit travail
Sickle Hb polymerization in RBC components from donors with sickle cell trait prevents effective WBC reduction by filtration (2002)

Hb S polymerization appears responsible for RBC WBC-reduction filter failures. Citrate anticoagulant and low oxygen saturation are responsible in part for Hb S polymerization in this setting.
Catalytic activity of Cu nanoparticles supported on Fe3O4–polyethylene glycol nanocomposites for the synthesis of substituted imidazoles (2014)

In the present study, we carried out chemical synthesis and characterization for a Fe3O4–polyethylene glycol–Cu nanocomposite (Fe3O4–PEG–Cu). Firstly, poly(ethylene glycol) was functionalized using cyanuric chloride (PEG-Cl4). Then PEG-Cl4 was linked with Fe3O4 nanoparticles via formation of covalent bonds (Fe3O4–PEG). The Cu nanoparticles were supported by reducing copper ammonia complexes with hydrazine hydrate on the surface of this nanocomposite. Nanoparticles have been characterized by FT-IR, XRD, SEM, EDAX, TGA-DTA, AAS and VSM techniques. The catalytic activity of the Fe3O4–PEG–Cu catalyst was evaluated for the synthesis of highly substituted imidazoles. This new catalyst was found to be a highly active and green catalyst for the synthesis of 2,4,5-trisubstituted imidazoles and 1,2,4,5-substituted imidazoles. The synthesized catalysts displayed magnetic properties, which allowed their fast separation from the reaction medium using a simple magnet.
Ontology based data warehouse modeling and managing ecology of human body for disease and drug prescription management (2008)

Health care sector is currently experiencing a major crisis with information overload. With the increasing prevalence of chronic diseases and the ageing population the amount of paper-work is more than ever before. In the US, a hospital admission of one patient generates an estimate of 60 pieces of paper. The federal governments of various countries have passed policies and initiatives that focus on introducing information systems into the health care sector. Technology will immensely reduce the cost of managing patients and even reduce the risks of mis-diagnosing and prescribing incorrect medications to patients. This paper primarily focuses on introducing the concept of ontology based warehouse modelling and managing ecology of human body for disease and drug prescription management. Disorders of the human body and factors such as the patientpsilas age, living and working conditions, familial and genetic influences can be simulated into Metadata in a warehousing environment. In this environment, various relationships are identified and described between these factors and the diseases. Secondly, we also introduce ontological representation of the various human body systems such as the digestive, musculoskeletal and nervous system in disease processes. Although this is an extensive and complex knowledge domain, the work in this paper is one of the first to attempt to introduce the use of ontology based data warehousing and data mining conceptually. We also aim at implementing and applying this research in practice.
A Modified Hot Plate Method (1997)

Hot plate induced-algesia is selectively inhibited by a central acting analgesiccompound like morphine. This experiment investigated the factors involved in the hot platemethod, beginingwith the temperature of the plate. Mice treated with either aspirin,diclofenac, morphine and Cardiospermumhalicacabum, Linn,extract were placed on a glass cylinder, in a water bath to determine their response threshold. Each animal was tested four times at hourly interval. The first two times of testing before drug administration were averaged and represented the control threshold. The results show different levels of responsein temperature and in time between those mice treated with paracetamol, diclofenac andthose treated with morphine. If factors involved in the hot plate testing are known and controlled, the central and peripheral acting analgesic compound may be distinguished by the level of temperature and time of response.
Release of NOx precursors from biomass fuel beds and application for CFD-based NOx postprocessing with detailed chemistry (2004)

In this work the development and test of a combined model for NOx formation in biomass fixed bed furnaces is presented. Pot furnace experiments were performed with the fuels bark, waste wood and fibreboard in order to measure the composition of the flue gas above the fuel bed. Conversion rates from fuel nitrogen to the NOx precursor species NH3, HCN and NO were derived from this experiments and implemented in an empirical model for the combustion of the biomass fuel layer in a fixed bed furnace. The results of this model are used as boundary conditions for subsequent calculations with a newly developed CFD-based NOx postprocessor. This technology allows for spatially resolved calculation of NOx formation with detailed reaction kinetics. Simulations of a pilot-plant were performed in order to validate the combined model and the results showed good qualitative and quantitative agreement with measurements. It is concluded, that the presented combined model of NOx formation allows to investigate NOx reduction in biomass grate furnaces by primary measures in detail and is therefore a powerful tool for the optimisation of furnace designs and process control.
Experimental Investigation on the Effects of Raw Materials Degradation on Performance, Combustion and Emissions of a Single Cylinder Engine Running on Biodiesel from Waste Lipids (2014)

In this paper, a single cylinder air cooled for strokes direct injection diesel engine was used to compare biodiesel from fat trap grease (AFRBD) with biodiesel from waste cooking oil (WCOBD) and with diesel fuel. The main difference between both biodiesel samples resides in the presence of short chain and branched methyl esters on AFRBD, and in its lower non saturated fatty acids content. Comparison was based on engine performance, combustion parameters and emissions. AFRBD resulted on a slight drop of brake power at 1500 rpm but it increased engine efficiency at full load. Biodiesel reduced polluting emissions of the engine as compared to diesel fuel. WCOBD recorded higher reduction of unburned hydrocarbon, carbon monoxide and particulate matter emissions but it increased the nitric oxides emissions. AFRBD has the advantage of reducing all pollutant emissions, including nitric oxides.
Breast Reconstruction Combining Lipofilling and Prepectoral Prosthesis after Radiotherapy (2020)

Primary lipofilling combined with prosthesis placement after radiotherapy is a reconstructive method that yields a satisfactory cosmetic outcome with a low complication rate. Such minimally invasive breast reconstruction approach can be an alternative to flap-based reconstruction.
Fluorescence Spectra Predict Microcystin-LR and Disinfection Byproduct Formation Potential in Lake Water (2018)

Disinfection byproducts (DBPs) and algal toxins can be expensive to monitor and represent significant potential risks to human health. DBPs, including haloacetic acids and trihalomethanes, are possible or probable human carcinogens. Microcystin-LR-produced by cyanobacteria-is linked with various adverse health effects. Here we show that fluorescence spectra predict both microcystin-LR occurrence and DBP formation potential (DBPfp) in lake water. We compared models with either fluorescence spectra or a suite of water quality predictors as inputs. A regularized logistic regression model with fluorescence spectral inputs correctly classified 94% of test data with respect to microcystin-LR occurrence, with a 96% probability of correctly ranking a detect/nondetect pair. Regularized linear regression predicted DBPfp based on fluorescence inputs with a combined R<sup>2</sup> of 0.83 on test data. A gradient-boosted classifier with seven water quality inputs was comparable in detecting microcystin-LR (91% correct), as was UV<sub>254</sub> in predicting DBPfp (combined test R<sup>2</sup> = 0.84), but no single parameter matched fluorescence spectra over both predictive tasks. Results highlight the potential for multiparameter monitoring via fluorescence spectroscopy, extending previous work on predicting DBPs alone. As a high-frequency monitoring tool, this approach could supplement mass spectrometric methods that may only be applicable at low frequency due to resource limitations.
Synthesis of Three Jasmin Constituents via a Central Intermediate (1978)

Abstract Syntheses of jasmone ( 1 ), methyl jasmonate ( 3 ) and γ‐jasmolactone ( 2 ) are reported, (Z)‐nona‐1, 6‐dien‐3‐one ( 4 ) serving as common intermediate.
Risk of Bacterial Vaginosis Among Women With Herpes Simplex Virus Type 2 Infection: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis (2015)

These analyses imply that HSV-2 infection is an important BV risk factor. Pharmacologic HSV-2 suppression may reduce BV incidence and BV-associated adverse events.
General Training of Spatial Abilities by Geometry Education in Augmented Reality (2006)

Geometry education has proven as one powerful means of improving spatial abilities, an important component of human intelligence. In the first part of this paper we summarize our development of a system that uses collaborative augmented reality as a medium for teaching, and uses 3D dynamic geometry to facilitate mathematics and geometry education. Our immersive collaborative educational application, specifically developed for geometry education, serves as the basis of a comprehensive evaluation study regarding its efficacy in training spatial abilities. The main contribution is the description of evaluation design including the test instruments, learning tasks and practical experiences with using our system for actual training of high school students. Results of a pre-study with spatial ability tests in high schools are presented. They point to interesting genderspecific differences of strategies when solving spatial ability tests, which have not been reported in literature before.