gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
PIEZOELECTRIC SURFACE WAVES IN CUBIC AND ORTHORHOMBIC CRYSTALS (1970)

The existence of a piezoelectric surface wave, which does not arise in nonpiezoelectric materials has been reported in hexagonal crystals by Bleustein and Gulyaev. In this letter, similar waves are reported to exist in cubic crystals of 23 and 4̄3m classes and orthorhombic crystals of mm2 class. Velocity equations for the piezoelectric surface waves in these symmetry classes are presented. It has been demonstrated that the velocities are always smaller than the piezoelectrically stiffened but always larger than the unstiffened bulk shear waves in the corresponding direction of propagation. Numerical results for the particular examples of Bi12GeO20(23) and Ba2NaNb5O15(mm2) are also presented.
Application Of Radon Transform Techniques To Wake Detection In Seasat-A SAR Images (1990)

A moving ship produces a set of waves in a characteristic linear V pattern. This pattern, or some of its components, can often be detected in ocean imagery produced by satellite-borne Synthetic Ap- erture Radar (SAR) sensors operating at L-band. Some wake compo- nents, notably the turbulent wake, may extend for 5-15 km behind the ship. As ship wake detection can provide information such as ship di- rection and speed, the detection of these wakes can play an important role in satellite surveillance of shipping. Described is research done on the use of the Radon transform to automatically detect ship wakes .in Seasat ocean imagery. The objective of the research was twofold: to automatically detect ship wakes and to differentiate ship wakes from other linear ocean features produced by the underwater topography and existing sea conditions. An ADA (Automatic Detection Algorithm) based on the Radon transform was developed and applied to the Seasat imagery. The basic system performs the Radon transform of the SAR image, then detects bright and dark peaks produced in the transform by wakes (or other linear features) in the image. As the Radon trans- form essentially integrates the image intensity along every straight line through an image, each integral becomes one element in transform space. This integration process averages out the intensity fluctuations due to noise, thereby increasing the signal-to-noise ratio of the feature of interest in the transform space relative to that in the original image. A number of additional processing techniques were developed and tested to improve the PD (probability of detection) and reduce the PFA (probability of false alarm). To date, the use of an ADA, which com- bines a high-pass filter followed by a normalized Radon transform and a Wiener filter, has been shown to reliably distinguish wake peaks from false alarms. Keywords-Wake, Radon, radar.
Specific recognition of virus‐infected cells by paired NK receptors (2004)

NK cells show cytotoxicity and cytokine production upon recognition of virus-infected cells and play an important role in conferring protective immunity against virus infection. Patients who lack functional NK cells are susceptible to severe infectious diseases such as herpesvirus infection. In addition, when NK cells are removed from cytomegalovirus-resistant mice, the virus titre after infection is markedly increased and the mice are likely to die due to infection. However, the exact mechanism of how NK cells recognise virus-infected cells has remained unclear for a long time. Recent findings of the presence of virus-specific NK cell receptors and their ligands on virus-infected cells have provided a new vision of a protective role of NK cells in virus infection. Furthermore, the recognition of virus-infected cells by paired receptors consisting of activating and inhibitory receptors was found to correlate with the degree of host susceptibility to virus infection. Current topics on the role of NK cells in anti-virus immunity are reviewed.
Impact of V2X privacy strategies on Intersection Collision Avoidance systems (2013)

User privacy is a requirement for wireless vehicular communications, and a number of privacy protection strategies have already been developed and standardized. In particular, methods relying on the use of temporary pseudonyms and silent periods have proved their ability to confuse attackers who would attempt to track vehicles. In addition to their ability to protect privacy, it is important to ensure that these privacy strategies do not hinder the safety applications which rely on vehicular communications. This paper addresses this concern and presents an experimental analysis of the impact of privacy strategies on Intersection Collision Avoidance (ICA) systems. We simulate traffic scenarios at a road intersection and compare the ability of a collision avoidance system to avoid collisions for different pseudonym change schemes. The privacy level is analyzed, as well as the influence of the duration of the silent period on the safety performance of the ICA system. The results highlight the need to jointly design safety applications and privacy strategies.
Performance analysis of multisite radar systems (2013)

Accuracy of a position and velocity estimation in a multisite Frequency-Modulated Continuous-Wave (FMCW) radar system is evaluated using Cramer-Rao Lower Bound (CRLB). Comparison between monostatic and multistatic system configurations is made. Both autonomous and cooperative modes in monostatic system are considered. It is shown that a multistatic approach gives better measurement accuracy compared to a monostatic one. Exploitation of the cooperative mode enhances potential accuracy of a monostatic system as well.
Dose-dense (DD) cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, and fluorouracil (CMF) at 14-day intervals: A pilot study of every 14- and 10–11-day dosing intervals for women with early-stage breast cancer (2009)

590 Background: CMF (C 600 mg/m 2 , M 40 mg/m 2 , F 600 mg/m 2 ) is an option for adjuvant therapy for patients with low risk early stage breast cancer. DD regimens as predicted by mathematical models of cancer growth and treatment response are superior. We previously demonstrated the safety of DD EC (epirubicin/cyclophosphamide) followed by paclitaxel at 10–11 day (d) intervals. We investigated the feasibility of administering DD adjuvant CMF every 14 d and then every 10–11 d in a 2-stage phase II trial. Methods: An initial cohort (A) was treated q 14 d with PEG-filgrastim (Neulasta) support. A second cohort (B) was treated every 10–11 d with filgrastim/Neupogen x 5 d and then, based on feasibility, modified (cohort C) to use 7 d filgrastim. The primary end point was feasibility defined as having ANC &gt; 1.5 x 10 3 /uL on day 1 of planned treatment for all 8 cycles with no grade 3 or higher non-hematologic toxicity. All three cohorts were tested using a Simon's two-stage optimal design with type I and type II errors set at 10%. This design would effectively discriminate between true tolerability (as protocol-defined) rates of&lt; 60% and&gt; 80%. Cohort A: 38 pts with early stage breast cancer were accrued from 3/2008 though 6/2008. Cohort B: 7 pts were accrued from June 2008 through August 2008. Cohort C: Is still open with 16 pts accrued from August 2008 through December 5, 2008. Results: Median age 51: range 38 to 78. Cohort A: 29/38 pts completed 8 cycles of CMF. The regimen was considered feasible. 2 other pts completed 7 cycles and were withdrawn for depression and grade 2 transaminitis. The 7 other pts completed between 1 and 6 cycles of CMF were withdrawn as follows: 3 personal, 1 (grade 3) bone pain, 2 allergy unrelated to CMF, and 1 seizure. Cohort B: 7 pts were accrued. 6 out of 7 pts could not complete 8 cycles of chemotherapy secondary to neutropenia and 1 secondary to grade 3 ALT elevation. Cohort C: Accrual has not been completed. 16 pts are currently enrolled. Conclusions: Dose dense adjuvant CMF is feasible at 14 d intervals with PEG-filgrastim support. Adjuvant CMF every 10–11 days with filgrastim given for 5 days beginning day 2 is not feasible. Accrual is ongoing for CMF at 10–11 days with filgrastim x 7 days. Updated results will be available for Cohort C. [Table: see text]
Clean Colorectum at Diagnostic Colonoscopy: Subsequent Detection of Extracolonic Malignancies by Plasma Protein Biomarkers? (2018)

Results of this study indicate that it may be possible to detect subjects that have an increased risk of extracolonic cancer following a colonoscopy without findings of neoplastic lesions. Combinations of various protein biomarkers may direct subsequent examination after colonoscopy with clean colorectum. The results, although preliminary, may form the basis for additional research directed both for primary examinations of subjects with symptoms of malignancy and subsequent examinations after colonoscopy.
Ligand-Dependent Inhibition and Reversal of Tau Filament Formation (2004)

Alzheimer's disease is defined in part by the intraneuronal accumulation of filaments comprised of the microtubule associated protein tau. Because animal model studies suggest that a toxic gain of function accompanies tau aggregation in neurons, selective pharmacological inhibitors of the process may have utility in slowing neurodegeneration. Here, the properties of a candidate small molecule inhibitor of tau fibrillization, 3-(2-hydroxyethyl)-2-[2-[[3-(2-hydroxyethyl)-5-methoxy-2-benzothiazolylidene]methyl]-1-butenyl]-5-methoxybenzothiazolium (N744), were characterized in vitro using transmission electron microscopy. N744 inhibited arachidonic acid-induced aggregation of full-length, four-repeat tau protein at substoichiometric concentrations relative to total tau and with an IC(50) of approximately 300 nM. Inhibition was accompanied by a dose-dependent decrease in the number concentration of filaments, suggesting that N744 interfered with tau filament nucleation. Stoichiometric concentrations of N744 also promoted tau disaggregation when added to mature synthetic filaments. Disaggregation followed first-order kinetics and was accompanied by a steady decrease in filament number, suggesting that N744 promoted endwise loss of tau molecules with limited filament breakage. N744 at substoichiometric concentrations did not inhibit Abeta and alpha-synuclein aggregation, indicating it was tau selective under these conditions. Because of its activity in vitro, N744 may offer a pharmacological approach to the role of tau fibrillization in neurodegeneration.
Beam Characterization and Improvement with a Flux Mapping System for Dish Concentrators (2002)

A flux mapping system able to measure the flux distribution of dish/Stirling systems in planes perpendicular to the optical axis was built and operated at the Plataforma Solar de Almerı´a (PSA). It uses the indirect measuring method with a water-cooled Lambertian target placed in the beam path and a CCD-camera mounted on the concentrator taking images of the brightness distribution of the focal spot. The calibration is made by calculating the total power coming from the dish and relating it to the integrated gray value over the whole measurement area. The system was successfully operated in a DISTAL II stretched membrane dish and in the new EURODISH in order to characterize their beams and improve the flux distribution on their receivers.
Real time inverse filter focusing by iterative time reversal (2002)

In order to achieve an optimal focusing through heterogeneous media, we need to build an inverse filter of the propagation operator. Time-reversal achieves such an inverse filter in nondissipative media. However, as soon as losses appear in the medium, time-reversal is no more equivalent to an inverse filter. Consequently, it does no more produce the optimal focusing and beam degradations may appear. In such cases, previous works have shown that the optimal focusing can be recovered by using a spatiotemporal inverse filter technique. This process requires the presence of a set of receivers inside the medium but allows us to reach the optimal focusing even in extreme situations such as ultrasonic focusing through a human skull. To date, it remained time consuming and implied fastidious numerical calculations. We propose here a new way to process this inverse filtering in real time and without any calculation. The new process is based on iterative time-reversal processing. Contrary to the classical inversion, this iteration does not require any computation as it achieves the inverse filter experimentally using waves propagation instead of computational power. The feasibility of this iterative technique is theoretically and experimentally demonstrated for ultrasound applications and its potential for telecommunications is discussed.
Randomized controlled study of rabeprazole, levofloxacin and rifabutin triple therapy vs. quadruple therapy as second‐line treatment for Helicobacter pylori infection (2003)

Rabeprazole, levofloxacin and rifabutin-based triple therapy and quadruple therapy were equally effective as second-line treatments for H. pylori infection.
Natural Language Sales Assistant - A Web-Based Dialog System for Online Sales (2001)

This paper describes a web-based dialog system – Natural Language Sales Assistant (NLSA) – that helps users find relevant information about products and services in e-commerce sites. The system leverages technologies in natural language processing and human computer interaction to create a faster and more intuitive way of interacting with websites. By combining traditional AI rule-based technology with taxonomy mapping, the system is able to accommodate both customer and business requirements. Our user studies have demonstrated that, in the context of e-commerce, users preferred the natural language enabled navigation over menu-driven navigation (79 % to 21 % users). In addition, compared to a menu driven system, the average number of clicks used in the natural language system was reduced by 63.2 % and the average time was reduced by 33.3%. The NLSA system is currently deployed by IBM as a live pilot and we are collecting real user feedback. We believe that conversational interfaces like that of NLSA offer the ultimate personalization and can greatly enhance the user experience for websites. 1
Automatic Ellipsometer with High Sensitivity and Special Advantages for Infrared Spectroscopy of Adsorbed Species (1975)

An automated ir ellipsometer for measurements of the optical properties of thin adsorbed films is described. The instrument makes use of two stationary polarizers that bracket a rotating polarizer and the reflecting surface. This combination introduces modulation in the transmitted light intensity at twice and four times the frequency of rotation of the polarizer. The phases of these two frequency components are then measured in digital form relative to signals derived from the rotating device, the entire instrument being under automatic data acquisition control. A result for an ir ellipsometric study of formic acid chemisorbed on silver is presented.
Identification of the VERNALIZATION 4 gene reveals the origin of spring growth habit in ancient wheats from South Asia (2015)

Wheat varieties with a winter growth habit require long exposures to low temperatures (vernalization) to accelerate flowering. Natural variation in four vernalization genes regulating this requirement has favored wheat adaptation to different environments. The first three genes (VRN1-VRN3) have been cloned and characterized before. Here we show that the fourth gene, VRN-D4, originated by the insertion of a ∼290-kb region from chromosome arm 5AL into the proximal region of chromosome arm 5DS. The inserted 5AL region includes a copy of VRN-A1 that carries distinctive mutations in its coding and regulatory regions. Three lines of evidence confirmed that this gene is VRN-D4: it cosegregated with VRN-D4 in a high-density mapping population; it was expressed earlier than other VRN1 genes in the absence of vernalization; and induced mutations in this gene resulted in delayed flowering. VRN-D4 was found in most accessions of the ancient subspecies Triticum aestivum ssp. sphaerococcum from South Asia. This subspecies showed a significant reduction of genetic diversity and increased genetic differentiation in the centromeric region of chromosome 5D, suggesting that VRN-D4 likely contributed to local adaptation and was favored by positive selection. Three adjacent SNPs in a regulatory region of the VRN-D4 first intron disrupt the binding of GLYCINE-RICH RNA-BINDING PROTEIN 2 (TaGRP2), a known repressor of VRN1 expression. The same SNPs were identified in VRN-A1 alleles previously associated with reduced vernalization requirement. These alleles can be used to modulate vernalization requirements and to develop wheat varieties better adapted to different or changing environments.
Pumping Oil Sand Froth (2004)

Froth is the basis to the extraction of bitumen from oil sand.Its components include sand, bitumen, water, and air.The technology of extraction and processing is evolving toward lower temperature of operation where the volumetric content of air and viscosity of bitumen challenge pumping.To improve the efficiency of froth handling pumps it is important to adapt the technology from other industries.This may include degassing while pumping with secondary vacuum impellers (expellers), recirculating a part of the slurry to the suction, or injecting external hot water.In an effort to reduce air locking problems and derating of performance, a special impeller for centrifugal pumps was developed.The impellers feature split vanes between the principal vanes.The design allows for adequate passageway for solids at the eye while reducing the formation of large pockets of air between the main vanes.Adequate vane thickness for principal and split vanes is maintained in this design to resist wear from sand.
Imatinib inhibits T-cell receptor-mediated T-cell proliferation and activation in a dose-dependent manner (2004)

The tyrosine kinase inhibitor imatinib (imatinib, STI571, Glivec, and Gleevec) is increasingly used in patients undergoing allogeneic transplantation for leukemia. However, little is known regarding its potential immunoregulatory effects. Here, we investigate the effect of imatinib on T-cell receptor (TCR)-mediated activation of human T cells. Following stimulation with the anti-CD3 antibody 12F6, proliferation of activated T cells was almost completely inhibited by 10 microM imatinib. Furthermore, antigen-triggered expansion of CD8+ T cells in response to immunodominant cytomegalovirus (CMV) and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) peptides was significantly reduced. Up-regulation of the activation markers CD25 and CD69 in response to TCR cross-linking was suppressed by imatinib at a mean inhibitory concentration 50% (IC50) of 5.4 microM and 7.3 microM, respectively; interleukin 2 (IL-2) production was also impaired. Analysis of the TCR-induced signaling cascade showed that imatinib substantially reduced tyrosine phosphorylation of ZAP70 and LAT in response to activation through the TCR. Sequence comparisons of all 90 tyrosine kinase genes in the human genome for homology in the adenosine triphosphate (ATP) binding pocket identified LCK, which is required for ZAP70 activation, as a likely target for imatinib. The IC50 for LCK inhibition by imatinib was 0.6 microM to 0.8 microM in an in vitro tyrosine kinase assay. In summary, imatinib can interfere with T-cell activation in vitro, and its impact on the frequency of opportunistic infections and graft-versus-host or graft-versus-leukemia reactions after transplantation should be investigated in clinical trials.
Identifying prospective customers (2000)

We describe data mining techniques designed to address the problem of selecting prospective customers from a large pool of candidates. These techniques cover a number of different scenarios, namely whether the marketing researchers have demographic information on the current customers, or the general market population, or people with propensity to become customers We also present a novel approach to the problem by exploiting the availability of a data sample from the general market population. Finally, we describe an on-line lead management and delivery system that uses the mining approach described in this paper for insurance agents to obtain qualified customer leads.
The Korean Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (2006)

The Korean Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (KSBMB) is a nonprofit scientific and educational organization founded in 1967, based in Seoul, Korea at The Korea Science and Technology Center.The majority of the members are engaged in teaching and scientific research at colleges and universities.Others conduct research in various government laboratories, non-profit research institutions and industry.In addition, a number of undergraduate and
Recent Advances in Production of Flame Retardant Polyamide 6 Filament Yarns (2018)

Polyamide 6 is one of the key engineering polymers with excellent mechanical properties and resistance which enable its global production and wide use in the industrial and domestic plastic manufacturing. Polyamide 6 also represents an important raw material for the production of technical fi lament yarns. However, an important drawback associated with the fl ammability of PA6 fi bres has not been resolved yet. This paper reviews the most common halogen-free fl ame retardant additives for polyamide 6, their mode of action as well as diff erent strategies for the incorporation of fl ame retardant additives in the production process of fl ame ratardant polyamide 6 fi bres. The most recent research and patents on this topic are critically discussed.
Effects of Hypercalcemia, Hypercalcemia and Calcitonin on Glucose Stimulated Insulin Secretion in Man (1972)

Corrected by: Effects of Hypercalcemia, Hypercalcemia and Calcitonin on Glucose Stimulated Insulin Secretion in ManHorm Metab Res 1972; 4(02): 127-127DOI: 10.1055/s-0028-1097085
Natalizumab Maintains Remission for 2 Years in Patients with Moderately to Severely Active Crohnʼs Disease and in Those with Prior Infliximab Exposure (2006)

Purpose: Natalizumab has been demonstrated as effective therapy for moderately to severely active Crohn's disease (CD) in both induction and long-term maintenance trials. Fifty-five percent of patients who responded to natalizumab induction therapy were in remission (Crohn's Disease Activity Index [CDAI] score < 150) after 15 months of continuous natalizumab therapy in the ENACT trials, compared with 22% in the placebo group (p < 0.001). This analysis was undertaken to assess the ability of natalizumab to maintain remission for up to an additional year (>2 yrs total). Methods: Patients who completed the ENACT-2 trial were eligible to enroll in an open-label extension (OLE) study. The primary objective of this 2-year study was to examine the long-term safety and tolerability of natalizumab. Secondary efficacy endpoints included evaluation of the ability of natalizumab to maintain remission. This analysis includes patients who were in remission after 15 months of continuous natalizumab therapy in the ENACT trials who enrolled in the OLE study and received an additional 12 months of natalizumab therapy. Eighty-seven patients met the criteria for analysis, 22 of whom had previous exposure to anti-TNF. Remission rates were calculated using last observation carried forward. Results: Patients in this analysis had a mean CDAI score of 151 (median, 150) after a single natalizumab infusion in ENACT-1. Ninety-three percent (81/87) of patients who were in remission at Month 12 of ENACT-2 were in remission following 6 additional natalizumab infusions in the OLE study. After 12 additional infusions, 86% (75/87) were in remission. In the subpopulation of patients with prior exposure to infliximab, 91% (20/22) were in remission after an additional 6 and 12 infusions of natalizumab in the OLE study. Similarly, 82% (9/11) who had previously failed therapy with infliximab were in remission at the same timepoints. Conclusions: Natalizumab maintained remission for >2 years (27 months) when administered as continuous therapy. Patients who entered remission with natalizumab induction therapy were highly likely to maintain long-term remission, including patients who had previously failed therapy with infliximab.