gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Efficient Left-to-Right Multi-Exponentiations (2005)

Abstract. Multi-exponent algorithms are frequently used in cryptographic protocols, for example, digital signature algorithms, some commitment schemes, etc. The previously known efficient algorithms use special exponent recording algorithms like wNAF or the joint sparse form. Those algorithms can only be applied starting at the least significant bit. Therefore, they require additional memory for the recoded exponent, and they are not suitable for the implementation on memory constraint devices. In this paper, we propose two multi-exponent algorithms which can be applied starting at the most significant bit. The first algorithm performs a special joint sliding window conversion over a mutual opposite form of singed binary strings. We need to scan only k + 1 joint bits for generating the efficient chains with k bases. The second algorithm uses an existing exponent recording algorithm for single exponentiation, namely wMOF that which be applied starting at most significant bit. This proposed algorithm scans only w bits for each exponent. Therefore, the proposed schemes can achieve on-the-fly multi-exponent scalar multiplication for elliptic curve cryptosystems. We also explicetly calculate the joint non-zero density for the first sheme and show that for several numbers of exponents it is optimal among all joint signed forms using digits {−1, 0, 1}, e.g., 1/2 for k = 2 and 23/39 for k = 3. The average density of multiplications for the second proposed algorithm equals to k/(w + 1). Based on these formula we compare the cost for the multi exponentiation including the pre-computation.
Treatment of Osteomyelitis of the Spine Using Percutaneous Suction/Irrigation and Percutaneous External Spinal Fixation (1994)

External skeletal fixation is a well-known tool in the management of infection of long bones. However, the application of external skeletal fixation in the treatment of spinal infection has not been previously reported. We have used percutaneous external spinal fixation (PESF) for the treatment of osteomyelitis of the spine in 23 patients since 1981. The treatment consists of percutaneous vertebral biopsy for bacteriologic diagnosis, installation of a suction/irrigation system into the intervertebral disk space, and posterior stabilization (and reduction if indicated) with an external fixator placed percutaneously. This treatment was conceived in 15 patients as definitive treatment. One patient died due to pulmonary embolism. In 12 patients, the infection healed without further operative treatment. Preoperative kyphosis averaged 15 degrees (range 0-30 degrees). At follow-up, kyphotic deformity also averaged 15 degrees (range 0-30 degrees). Two patients required anterior debridement and bone grafting because of progression of bony destruction. In eight patients, PESF was performed emergently, followed by planned anterior debridement and interbody grafting. The treatment was successful in all patients. All fusions healed. Preoperative kyphosis averaged 18 degrees (range 0-40 degrees). At follow-up, kyphotic deformity averaged 10 degrees (range 0-22 degrees). Our present indications are listed below and comprise pyogenic and tuberculous osteomyelitis of the spine localized between T3 and S1. The procedure is an alternative to conservative or more invasive operative treatment modalities in the following conditions: (a) painful lesions of the spine with minimal bone loss, not amenable to efficient orthotic stabilization (thoracic spine from T3 to T9, lumbosacral junction, elderly patients, or presence of deleterious general conditions); (b) osteomyelitis of the spine from T3 to S1, when emergency decompression of the spine is mandatory because of neurologic deterioration due to the kyphotic deformity or to a noncapsulated epidural abscess and anterior decompression is not possible emergently; (c) pyogenic osteomyelitis of the spine at L5/S1, when operative treatment is indicated. In addition, percutaneous insertion of external skeletal fixation is indicated in the presence of infected wounds, making internal posterior stabilization unsuitable (e.g., after open decompression of epidural abscess, postoperative infections).
Formation of SiO 2 , Al 2 O 3 , and 3Al 2 O 3 . 2SiO 2 Particles in a Counterflow Diffusion Flame (1992)

SiO 2 , Al 2 O 3 , and 3Al 2 O 3 .2SiO 2 powders were synthesized by combustion of SiCl 4 or/and AlCl 3 using a counterflow diffusion flame. The SiO 2 and Al 2 O 3 powders produced under various operation conditions were all amorphous and the particles were in the form of agglomerates of small particles (mostly 20 to 30 nm in diameter). The 3Al 2 O 3 .2SiO 2 powder produced with a low‐temperature flame was also amorphous and had a similar morphology. However, those produced with high‐temperature flames had poorly crystallized mullite and spinel structure, and the particles, in addition to agglomerates of small particles (20 to 30 nm in diameter), contained larger, spherical particles 150 to 130 nm in diameter). Laser light scattering and extinction measurements of the particle size and number density distributions in the flame suggested that rapid fusion leading to the formation of the larger, spherical particles occurred in a specific region of the flame.
Williams Syndrome (2002)

<h3>Background</h3> Williams syndrome (WMS) is a rare, genetically based syndrome associated with a hemideletion in chromosome 7 (7q11.22-23) and characterized by a unique constellation of somatic, brain, and cognitive features. Individuals with WMS demonstrate an unusual and uneven neuropsychological profile showing cognitive and visual spatial deficits juxtaposed with relative language preservation and excellent facial recognition. <h3>Objectives</h3> A neuroanatomical hypothesis for these behavioral findings suggests predominant involvement of the dorsal portions of the hemispheres relative to the ventral portions, including preferential involvement of peripheral visual field cortical representations over central representation. Predominant involvement of magnocellular visual pathways, as opposed to parvocellular pathways, is also suggested by this hypothesis. <h3>Subjects</h3> We examined primary visual cortical area 17 in the right and left hemispheres in 6 age- and sex-matched autopsy specimens from 3 WMS-affected brains (1 male and 2 females; mean [SD] age, 44 [14] years) and 3 control brains (1 male and 2 females; mean age, 43 [11] years). <h3>Design</h3> Neurons in layers II, III, IVA, IVB, IVCα, IVCβ, V, and VI were measured using an optical dissector method to determine possible differences between WMS-affected and control brains in cell-packing density, neuronal size, and neuronal size distribution. <h3>Results</h3> We found abnormalities in peripheral visual cortex in WMS-affected brains, but not in magnocellular subdivisions. There was a hemisphere by layer IV interaction and a layer IV left hemisphere and diagnosis interaction in cell-packing density. Williams syndrome–affected brains showed increased cell-packing density in left sublayer IVCβ and an excess of small neurons in left layers IVA, IVCα, IVCβ, V, and VI. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Cell measurements differ in peripheral visual cortical fields of WMS, with significantly smaller, more closely packed cells in some layers on the left side. These cell-packing density and neuronal size differences may be related to visuospatial deficits in this population.
Refractory metals and silicides for very large scale integration applications (1986)

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Analytical Figures of Merit and Interelement Effects with Air and Nitrogen Microwave-Induced Plasmas (1986)

A microwave (2450 MHz)-induced plasma (MIP) with nitrogen nebulization and plasma gases was developed and compared with an air-MIP similar to that previously reported in our laboratories. These plasmas were maintained at 300 to 500 W of forward power and were stable with pneumatic nebulized aqueous solution introduction. In general, metals with high metal-oxygen bond strengths, high excitation energies, and low ionization potentials exhibited superior detection limits in the N 2 -MIP. Several elements with emission lines in N 2 and N 2 + spectral regions yielded better detection limits in the air plasma. The effects of high concentrations (2%) of calcium, potassium, sodium, and phosphate ions upon the analytical signal intensities were examined. During direct solution nebulization, the analytical signals of both plasmas exhibited significant but predictable interferences from metals of low ionization potential and plasma loading. Matrix effects were more significant in the N 2 -MIP.
Comparison of accelerator technologies for use in ADSS (2011)

Accelerator Driven Subcritical (ADS) fission is an interesting candidate basis for nuclear waste transmutation and for nuclear power generation. ADS can use either thorium or depleted uranium as fuel, operate below criticality, and consume rather than produce long-lived actinides. A case study with a hypothetical, but realistic nuclear core configuration is used to evaluate the performance requirements of the driver proton accelerator in terms of beam energy, beam current, duty factor, beam distribution delivered to the fission core, reliability, and capital and operating cost. Comparison between a CW IC and that of a SRF proton linac is evaluated. Future accelerator R&amp;D required to improve each candidate accelerator design is discussed. ADS fission has interesting potential for electric power generation and also for destruction of long-lived actinide waste produced by conventional critical reactors. ADS systems offer several interesting advantages in comparison to critical reactors: (1) ADS provides greater flexibility for the composition and placement of fissile, fertile, or fission product waste within the core, and require less enrichment of fissile content; (2) The core can be operated with a reactivity k{sub eff} that cannot reach criticality by any failure mode; (3) When the beam is shut off fission ceases in the core; (4) Coupling the fast neutron spectrum of the spallation drive to fast core neutronics offers a basis for more complete burning of long-lived actinides; and (5) ADS designs can provide sufficient thermal mass that meltdown cannot occur from radioactive heat after fission is stopped. In order to drive a {approx}GW{sub e} fission core a CW proton beam of &gt;700 MeV and {approx}15 MW beam power is required. A previous study of the accelerator performance required for ADS systems concluded that present accelerator performance is approaching those requirements, but accelerator system cost and reliability remain particular concerns. The obvious candidates for accelerators that can provide intense CW proton beams are isochronous cyclotrons (IC) and superconducting linacs. We have examined a case study using a hypothetical ADS core configuration to guide our thinking in evaluating those two accelerator technologies for use in ADS systems. Issues of accelerator power, multiplicity of accelerators, and options for core neutronics and fuel form are discussed.
Malposition of Transvenous Pacing Lead in the Left Ventricle (1993)

Malposition of pacemaker leads has been described in several locations but rarely in the left ventricle. The incidence and clinical course of this pacemaker complication are unknown. We describe clinical, electrocardiographic, chest X ray, and echocardiographic findings in four patients in whom the transvenous pacing lead was inadvertently placed through the interatrial septum and mitral valve into the left ventricle. In these patients, lead misplacement was not recognized at the time of implantation and lead malposition was diagnosed a mean of 2 years later. All four patients had right bundle branch block configuration paced complexes. In retrospect, chest X rays suggested atypical lead position in all, but the initial posterior-anterior and lateral chest X rays were misinterpreted and contributed to the delay in diagnosis. When lead misplacement in the left ventricle was considered it was confirmed by two-dimensional echocardiography. One patient subsequently presented with a stroke and the remainder were diagnosed when they presented with other unrelated problems. Pacing thresholds were normal at the time of implantation and behaved normally during follow-up. The patient presenting with stroke was anticoagulated and the other three have been managed expectantly without anticoagulation. Diagnosis of left ventricular lead malposition is not difficult but requires a high index of suspicion. A 12-lead ECG and posterior-anterior and lateral chest X rays after implantation can be diagnostic. Patients with pacing lead in the left ventricle may remain asymptomatic with normal lead function during long-term follow-up. Anticoagulation should be considered when this problem comes to attention for the first time during follow-up.
The Scope for Pavement Porters: Addressing the Challenges of Last-Mile Parcel Delivery in London (2018)

The UK parcel sector generated almost £9 billion in revenue in 2015, with growth expected to increase by 15.6% to 2019 and is characterized by many independent players competing in an “everyone-delivers-everywhere” culture leading to much replication of vehicle activity. With road space in urban centers being increasingly reallocated to pavement widening, and bus and cycle lanes, there is growing interest in alternative solutions to the last-mile delivery problem. We make three contributions in this paper: firstly, through empirical analysis using carrier operational datasets, we quantify the characteristics of last-mile parcel operations and demonstrate the reliance placed on walking by vehicle drivers with their vans being parked at the curbside for on average 60% of the total vehicle round time; secondly, we introduce the concept of “portering” where vans rendezvous with porters who operate within specific geographical “patches” to service consignees on foot, potentially saving 86% in driving distance on some rounds and 69% in time; finally, we highlight the wider practical issues and optimization challenges associated with operating driving and portering rounds in inner urban areas.
Enjeux d'une formation en équipe dans une perspective d'éducation inclusive (2006)

partie, sous quelque forme et de quelque manire que ce soit, est interdite sauf accord pralable et crit de l'diteur, en dehors des cas prvus par la lgislation en vigueur en France. Il est prcis que son stockage dans une base de donnes est galement interdit.
Novel role of PKR in palmitate-induced Sirt1 inactivation and endothelial cell senescence (2018)

Endothelial cell senescence is regarded as a vital characteristic of cardiovascular diseases. Elevated palmitate (PA) is an independent risk factor of cardiovascular diseases, but its role in endothelial cell senescence is currently unknown. During the course of studying the prosenescent role of PA, we discovered a key role of dsRNA-dependent protein kinase [protein kinase R (PKR)] in endothelial senescence. Exposure of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) to PA-induced cell senescence is characterized by increased levels of senescence-associated β-galactose glucosidase activity, excessive production of reactive oxygen species production, impaired cellular proliferation, and G<sub>1</sub> phase arrest. This phenomenon is associated with an increase of PKR autophosphorylation and decreased activity of sirtuin 1 (Sirt1), a pivotal antisenescent factor. PKR inactivation by PKR siRNA or its phosphorylation inhibitor 2-aminopurine significantly attenuated PA-induced HUVEC senescence by reversing Sirt1 activity and its downstream signaling. Moreover, to study the regulatory mechanism between PKR and Sirt1, we found that PKR promotes JNK activation to inhibit Sirt1 activity and that this effect could be reversed by the JNK inhibitor SP600125. These findings provide evidence that PKR mediates PA-induced HUVEC senescence by inhibiting Sirt1 signaling. Our study provides novel insights into the actions and mechanisms of PKR in endothelial senescence. NEW & NOTEWORTHY This study first provides a novel observation that dsRNA-dependent protein kinase (PKR) mediates palmitate-induced sirtuin 1 inactivation and subsequent human umbilical vein endothelial cell senescence. Most importantly, these new findings will provide a potential therapeutic strategy to improve free fatty acid-induced endothelial senescence by targeting PKR in cardiovascular diseases.
Gelation in Polycondensation of 2, 6-Dichloromethyl-p-cresol with Dihydroxydiphenylmethanes (1967)

2,6-ジクロルメチル-p-クレゾールと2,2'-,2,4',4,4'-ジオキシジフェニルメタン(DDM)との硬化反応をニトロベンゼン中,四塩化スズ触媒下で実施して,ゲル化に要する反応率が4,4'-DDM<2,4'-DDM<2,2'-DDMの順に増大することを見いだした。これは,フェノール核のo-,p-位の反応性比を考慮して,ゲル化論的に説明できる。
Human body capacitance: static or dynamic concept? [ESD] (2002)

A standing human body insulated from ground by footwear and/or floor covering is in principle an insulated conductor and has, as such, a capacitance, i.e. the ability to store a charge and possibly discharge the stored energy in a spark discharge. In the human body, the human body capacitance (HBC) is traditionally chosen as 100 pF. However, a simple geometric model seems to suggest considerably higher values. A series of experiments, where the capacitance of standing persons were determined for various combinations of footwear and floor coverings, gave values in the order of 100-150 pF when the capacitance was determined by an AC-bridge measurement, but 200-400 pF when the traditional static charge-sharing method was used. Further experiments indicate that the two methods give the same result when the electric flux is well located in a dielectric other than air, but that the static method leads to higher values when a substantial part of the flux extends itself through badly defined stray fields. Since the concept of human body capacitance is normally used in a static (electric) context, it is suggested that the HBC be determined by a static method. No theoretical explanation of the observed differences is presently at hand.
‘Reflecting or frozen?’ The impact of Covid-19 on art therapists working with people with a learning disability (2021)

Background A series of online practice development discussions were held during the Covid-19 pandemic by the Art Therapy and Learning Disability Professional Support Group of the British Association of Art Therapists (formerly known as the Special Interest Group).
High resolution x-ray micromachining using SU-8 resist (2003)

This paper investigates the feasibility of using SU-8 as a high contrast x-ray resist. The SU-8 resist was irradiated with various x-ray doses and then developed for a fixed time. The developing rate was then measured and plotted versus absorbed x-ray dosage. The results revealed that SU-8 exhibited very high lithographic contrast other than elevated sensitivity. Therefore, a very thin mask absorber is required to switch the negative resist 'ON' or 'OFF'. Preliminary results showed that 1 µm wide, 17 µm thick SU-8 resists could be successfully patterned using an absorber of submicron thickness. Once the absorber thickness is effectively reduced to less than 1 µm, a high-resolution x-ray mask can be patterned simply by conventional UV lithography. An extra soft x-ray beamline was not required to increase the absorber's thickness in certain cases. The process of fabricating the membrane x-ray mask could thus be considerably simplified. X-ray micromachining may be an easy way to pattern high-resolution and high-aspect-ratio microstructures for optical and photonic applications.
Synthesis of Dazomet-Zinc/Aluminum-Layered Double Hydroxide Nanocomposite and Its Phytotoxicity Effect on Oil Palm Seed Growth (2018)

A fungicide nanodelivery system has been synthesized by the intercalation of dazomet into the interlayer galleries of the zinc/aluminum-layered double hydroxide (Zn/Al-LDH) using the ion-exchanged method. A basal spacing expansion from 8.9 Å in the layered double hydroxide (LDH) to 29.7 Å in the nanocomposite was observed. A Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) study has shown that the absorption bands of the resulting nanocomposite has both dazomet and Zn/Al-LDH characteristics, which confirmed the intercalation of dazomet into the Zn/Al-LDH interlayers with enhanced thermal stability of the guest, dazomet. Further studies on oil palm seedlings were also conducted on the dazomet-intercalated Zn/Al-LDH (DZALDH) and compared with the hexazonazole-intercalated Zn/Al-LDH (HZALDH). Both of them have shown positive effects on oil palm seed growth. This work has shown that the resulting agronanochemicals have a dual-modal fungicide nanodelivery system as a fungicide and a micronutrient supplier to support early plant growth and has the potential to avoid direct contact of fungicides with users due to the intercalation process.
Ultraviolet Observations of Solar Fine Structure (1987)

The High Resolution Telescope and Spectrograph was flown on the Spacelab-2 shuttle mission to perform extended observations of the solar chromosphere and transition zone at high spatial and temporal resolution. Ultraviolet spectroheliograms show the temporal development of macrospicules at the solar limb. The C IV transition zone emission is produced in discrete emission elements that must be composed of exceedingly fine (less than 70 kilometers) subresolution structures.
Continuous and Discontinuous Ribosome Scanning on the Cauliflower Mosaic Virus 35 S RNA Leader Is Controlled by Short Open Reading Frames (2000)

The pathways of scanning ribosome migration controlled by the cauliflower mosaic virus 35 S RNA leader were investigated in vitro and in vivo. This long (600 nucleotides) leader contains several short open reading frames (sORFs) and folds into an extended hairpin structure with three main stable stem sections. Translation initiation downstream of the leader is cap-dependent and occurs via ribosomal shunt under the control of two cis elements, a short open reading frame A (sORF A) followed by stem section 1. Here we show that a second similar configuration comprising sORF B followed by stem section 2 also allows shunting. The efficiency of the secondary shunt was greatly increased when stem section 1 was destabilized. In addition, we present evidence that a significant fraction of reinitiation-competent ribosomes that escape both shunt events migrate linearly via the structured central region but are intercepted by internal AUG start codons. Thus, expression downstream of the 35 S RNA leader is largely controlled by its multiple sORFs.
Organic/Inorganic Hybrid Epoxy Nanocomposites from Aminophenylsilsesquioxanes (2003)

Selected epoxy-functionalized cube nanocomposites were prepared from octa(aminophenyl)silsesquioxane (OAPS), poly(aminophenyl)silsesquioxane (PAPS), octa(dimethylsiloxypropylglycidyl ether) silsesquioxane (OG), diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A (DGEBA) and diaminodiphenylmethane (DDM). A systematic comparison of properties was conducted using GPC, FTIR, 29Si NMR, TGA, and DMA. In these studies, we find that (1) tethers with aromatic components increase char yields and decomposition temperatures, (2) cube loadings are important in thermal stabilities, (3) aromatic tether structure, short lengths and high cross-link densities reduce tether segmental relaxation motions which in turn stiffen the network and minimize macroscopic glass transitions. Finally, nanocomposites prepared from OAPS and PAPS exhibit nearly identical thermomechanical properties with PAPS offering a low cost alternative to OAPS.