gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Immune Checkpoint Blockade and Immune Monitoring (2018)

The concept of immunological surveillance, a monitoring process in which the immune system detects and destroys by several effector mechanisms, virally infected and neoplastic transformed cells in the body, was developed more than 50 years ago. Based on current research, it is clear that the immune system can recognize and eliminate transformed cells. An increasing number of studies has investigated the immune system in cancer patients and how it is prone to immunosuppression, due in part to the decrease of lymphocyte proliferation and cytotoxic activity. Such weakened immune system is then unable to fully accomplish its role in immunological surveillance, allowing nascent transformed cells to escape the selective pressure of the immune system. The main goal of cancer immunotherapy has been to reawaken the immune system from a suppressive slumber to enable it to attack cancer cells once again. As the results from the last 10 years attest, cancer immunotherapy is the best strategy to restore the activity of the immune system and unleash its potential to destroy cancer cells in cancer patients. This chapter aims to discuss the recent findings on immune monitoring studies and the use of immune checkpoint inhibition in cancer immunotherapy.
The structures of strontium tellurite and strontium telluride aluminate sodalites studied by powder neutron diffraction, EXAFS, IR and MAS NMR spectroscopies (1996)

Aluminate sodalites containing the telluride and tellurite ions have been synthesised for the first time. The structures of Sr8[AlO2]12(TeO3)2 and its reduced product Sr[AlO2]12Te2 have been determined using Rietveld refinement of powder neutron diffraction data. In Sr8[AlO2]12Te2 the anion occupies a position at the sodalite cage centre, whilst in Sr8[AlO2]12(TeO3)2 the larger tellurite ion is displaced to allow reasonable coordination to the strontium ions. The reduction of the occluded (TeO3)2– to Te2– has also been investigated using IR spectroscopy, 27Al and 125Te MAS NMR spectroscopies and Te LIII-edge EXAFS.
Effects of Particle Size of Alfalfa-Based Dairy Cow Diets on Chewing Activity, Ruminal Fermentation, and Milk Production (2003)

Effects of forage particle size measured as physically effective NDF and ratio of alfalfa silage to alfalfa hay of diets on feed intake, chewing activity, particle size reduction, salivary secretion, ruminal fermentation, and milk production of dairy cows were evaluated using a 4 × 4 Latin square design with a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement of treatments. The diets consisted of 60% barley-based concentrate and 40% forage, comprised either of 50:50 or 25:75 of alfalfa silage:alfalfa hay, and alfalfa hay was either chopped or ground. Various methods were used to determine physically effective NDF content of the diets. Cows surgically fitted with ruminal and duodenal cannulas were offered ad libitum access to these total mixed diets. The physically effective NDF content of the diets was significantly lower when measured using the Penn State Particle Separator than when measured based on particles retained on 1.18-mm screen. Intake of DM was increased by increasing the ratio of silage to hay but was not affected by physically effective NDF content of diets. Eating time (hours per day) was not affected by the physically effective NDF content of diets, although cows spent more time eating per unit of DM or NDF when consuming high versus low alfalfa hay diets. Ruminating time (hours per day) was increased with increased physically effective NDF content of the diets. Rumen pH was affected more by changing dietary particle size than altering the ratio of silage to hay. Feeding chopped hay instead of ground hay improved ruminal pH status: time during which ruminal pH was above 6.2 increased and time during which ruminal pH was below 5.8 decreased. Milk production was increased by feeding higher concentrations of alfalfa silage due to increased DM intake, but was not affected by dietary particle size. Feed particle size, expressed as mean particle length or physically effective NDF was moderately correlated with ruminating time but not with eating time. Although physically effective NDF and chewing time were not correlated to mean rumen pH, they were negatively correlated to the area between the curve and pH 5.8, indicating a positive effect on reducing the risk of acidosis. Milk fat content was correlated to rumen pH but not to physically effective NDF or chewing activity. These results indicate that increasing physically effective NDF content of the diets increased chewing activity and improved rumen pH status but had limited effect on milk production and milk fat content.
High-speed interchip data transmission technology for superconducting multi-chip modules (2001)

We have developed an interchip data transmission scheme through passive transmission lines on a multi-chip-module (MCM) carrier and 100-/spl mu/m solder bump bonds. In rapid single flux quantum (RSFQ) logic, digital data are in the form of single flux quantum (SFQ) pulses. A reliable scheme for transmission of SFQ pulses through non-superconducting solder bumps between chips through a passive MCM substrate is yet to be established. Therefore, we have devised a scheme that converts SFQ pulses into toggles in a voltage waveform for interchip transmission. Data in the form of SFQ pulses are reconstructed from this voltage waveform using a sensitive quantizing pulse receiver. Our objective is to eliminate the need for amplification of the transmitted signal. This is achieved by increasing the receiver sensitivity. However, a sensitive receiver, a dc SQUID, may produce more than one SFQ pulse for each rising/falling edge of the voltage waveform. A simple circuit, pulse resurrection logic (PRL), is employed to discard any extra SFQ pulses. Together with the sensitive quantizer, the PRL circuit makes our scheme error tolerant. We have demonstrated the receiver operation using 3-/spl mu/m Nb RSFQ circuits at frequencies up to 20 GHz.
Photo-energy Transfer in σ-π Conjugated Polysilanes Prepared by Platinum-catalyzed Reactions of Arylacetylenes with Layered Polysilane (2020)

Platinum-catalyzed reactions of layered polysilane (Si6H6)n with arylacetylenes provided arylethenyl-substituted polysilanes. The polymers exhibited σ-π conjugation between the arylethenyl units an...
The absolute threshold of cone vision is relatively insensitive to the criteria for seeing (2010)

In rod-mediated vision the absolute threshold for seeing is heavily dependent on the subjective response criterion. Sakitt (1972) demonstrated that rod thresholds can be reduced by more than ∼0.4 log units by consciously adopting more lenient criteria than usually employed in a ‘yes-no’ detection experiment. These experiments implied access to information from every quantum absorption in the rod system. It is unknown whether cone-mediated vision also has these properties. We repeated Sakitt's experiment for a cone-dominated, threshold level detection task. A 550 nm, 30 ms point source with a full-width at half maximum of ∼1 arcmin on the retina was foveally presented at three intensity levels with an equivalent number of blank trials. Subjects recorded whether or not the spot was seen using 6 ratings, ranging from definitely not seen to definitely seen, respectively. In contrast to rod thresholds, we found that cone thresholds could not be reduced more than ∼0.15 log units by intentionally adopting more lenient detection criteria. Unlike the rod system, our data is consistent with the existence of an internal, fixed, threshold below which sensory information cannot be accessed in the determination of whether or not a stimulus is seen. Sakitt B. 1972. Counting every quantum. J. Physiol. 223: 131–50.
Design and TracePro simulation of variable contrast target in MRC measurement (2012)

MRC measurement in target of different contrast can't accurately describe the principle of light path. This device is huge and difficult to do exploratory research. According to the basic principles of obtaining different contrast targets, a new method of getting target is designed. The method of obtaining different contrast is simulated by TracePro in Windows, and the simulation results are analyzed. The structure of system is studied. The relationship between the various modules is analyzed. The simulation shows that the device of obtaining different contrast target is feasibility. By comparing with the results of practical measurement, the method is effectiveness. We can achieve the purpose of the device improving in TracePro.
NUCLEOPHILIC SUBSTITUTION REACTION OF CHLOROQUINOLINES WITH 1,2,4-TRIAZOLE. I. SYNTHESIS OF 4-(1H-1,2,4-TRIAZOL-1-YL)QUINOLINES (1994)

Article NUCLEOPHILIC SUBSTITUTION REACTION OF CHLOROQUINOLINES WITH 1,2,4-TRIAZOLE. I. SYNTHESIS OF 4-(1H-1,2,4-TRIAZOL-1-YL)QUINOLINES was published on February 1, 1994 in the journal Heterocyclic Communications (volume 1, issue 1).
Copper corrosion inhibition by fast green, fuchsin acid and basic compounds in citric acid solution (2003)

Abstract Fast green (FG), fuchsin basic (FB) and fuchsin acid (FA) were studied as copper corrosion inhibitors in citric acid solution. Five citric acid concentrations were tested from 0.001 to 1.0 M. Twelve FG, FB and FA concentrations were studied from 1 × 10 −5 to 1 × 10 −1 M, at four temperatures from 298 to 328 K. The gravimetric method was employed to study the protective effect of FG, FB and FA. The order of inhibition efficiency was FB &gt; FA &gt; FG. Conventional adsorption isotherms were tested to fit the experimental data. The best fit was obtained using the Frumkin isotherm model. A thermodynamic/kinetic model of adsorption was also fitted. The projected molecular area of the inhibitors was calculated to elucidate inhibitor orientation in the adsorption process.
An improved lossless ECG data compression using ASCII character encoding (2016)

Telecardiology includes variety of applications and is one of the fastest-growing fields in telemedicine. In telecardiology the amount of recorded ECG data is very much high, hence the necessity of efficient data compression methods for biomedical signals is currently widely recognized. In this paper improved version of existing ASCII character encoding ECG data compression method is proposed. The existing method require minimum of 12 ASCII characters to store an array of 8 ECG voltage values but in proposed method it reduces to 8 ASCII characters. Hence by eliminating the necessity of some ASCII characters from existing method the compression ratio improved up to 65%, while the quality of the signal remain same. The proposed gives the compression ratio (CR) is 11.25 and the percent root mean squared difference (PRD) is 0.0206 on average for all 12 ECG signals. In addition, propose method is more efficient than existing ASCII character encoding as well as other ECG data compression methods.
Abstract A138: Vaccination with HPV 16 L2E6E7 with GPI-0100 adjuvant elicits protective humoral as well as cell-mediated immune responses (2008)

Abstract A138 L1 virus-like particle (VLP) vaccines provide effective protection against Human papillomavirus (HPV) type from which the L1 was derived via the induction of neutralizing antibodies. While partial protection can occur against very closely related types, it is generally type-restricted and necessitates highly multivalent L1 VLP vaccines to obtain broad coverage. The minor capsid protein, L2, is emerging as an attractive alternative cross-protective antigen. Unfortunately, neither L1 VLP nor L2-based vaccines are effective against pre-existing disease, suggesting the need to develop therapeutic vaccines. Unlike the capsid proteins, the E6 and E7 oncoproteins are both required to maintain and expressed throughout cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) and cancer. TA-CIN, a vaccine comprising the HPV16 L2, E6 and E7 in a single tandem fusion protein, attempts to combine the advantages of broad cross-protection against HPV transmission with therapeutic responses targeting HPV16 early proteins. Here we test TA-CIN formulated along with GPI-0100, a semi-synthetic quillaja saponin analog, that was developed to promote both humoral and cellular immune responses. TA-CIN administered subcutaneously to mice three times at monthly intervals (125μg of clinical-grade protein) with 50μg GMP-grade GPI-0100 was found to elicit high titer antibodies that effectively neutralized not only HPV16 but also other oncogenic HPV types including HPV18, HPV31, HPV45, HPV58. Similarly, vaccination of pigtail macaques (Macaca nemestrina) with TA-CIN (three doses of 125μg of TA-CIN with 1000μg GMP-grade GPI-0100 at monthly intervals) was well tolerated and induced serum antibodies that neutralized HPV16, HPV18, and HPV31 in vitro. Notably, vaccination of mice with TA-CIN protected them from cutaneous HPV16 challenge as effectively as HPV16 L1 VLP. Combination of TA-CIN along with adjuvant GPI-0100 enhanced production of E7-specific, interferon gamma producing CD8+ T cell precursors by 20-fold. Vaccination with TA-CIN in adjuvant GPI-0100 completely prevented tumor growth after challenge with 5 x 104 HPV16-transformed TC-1 tumor cells. Protection of the mice immunized with TA-CIN plus GPI-0100 against TC-1 in a prophylactic setting was significantly more effective than TA-CIN alone or GPI-0100 alone. Patients vaccinated with TA-CIN alone develop weak HPV neutralizing antibody and E6/E7-specific T cell responses. GPI-0100 has been used safely as an adjuvant in several human trials suggesting that the combination of TA-CIN and GPI-0100 warrants further study. Citation Information: Cancer Prev Res 2008;1(7 Suppl):A138.
Reaction of hydroxylamine with ethyl acetoacetate. Details of the addition and cyclization steps studied by flow nuclear magnetic resonance (1976)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTReaction of hydroxylamine with ethyl acetoacetate. Details of the addition and cyclization steps studied by flow nuclear magnetic resonanceMichael Cocivera, Adan Effio, Holger E. Chen, and Shiv VaishCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1976, 98, 23, 7362–7366Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1976Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1976https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00439a042https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00439a042research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views567Altmetric-Citations18LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Healthy Lifestyle Change and Subclinical Atherosclerosis in Young Adults (2014)

Healthy lifestyle changes during young adulthood are associated with decreased risk and unhealthy lifestyle changes are associated with increased risk for subclinical atherosclerosis in middle age.
Europium Chelates as Laser Materials (1967)

A variety of lasers based on tetrakis β-diketonates of Eu3+ have been developed over the last few years. A summary of the chemistry and energy transfer in these laser systems is presented, with particular attention to the salts of tetrakis benzoyltrifluoroacetone chelates of europium. Chemical effects attributed to solvents, benzene ring substitutions in the ligand, differing cations, and deuteration are considered. These effects manifest themselves most markedly in the variability of laser thresholds from compound to compound and solvent to solvent. The thresholds reflect association-dissociation equilibria, as well as energy transfer processes in the ligand and throughout the manifold of Eu3+ states.
Redox and Antioxidant Modulation of Circadian Rhythms: Effects of Nitroxyl, N-Acetylcysteine and Glutathione (2021)

The circadian clock at the hypothalamic suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) entrains output rhythms to 24-h light cycles. To entrain by phase-advances, light signaling at the end of subjective night (circadian time 18, CT18) requires free radical nitric oxide (NO•) binding to soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC) heme group, activating the cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP)-dependent protein kinase (PKG). Phase-delays at CT14 seem to be independent of NO•, whose redox-related species were yet to be investigated. Here, the one-electron reduction of NO• nitroxyl was pharmacologically delivered by Angeli's salt (AS) donor to assess its modulation on phase-resetting of locomotor rhythms in hamsters. Intracerebroventricular AS generated nitroxyl at the SCN, promoting phase-delays at CT14, but potentiated light-induced phase-advances at CT18. Glutathione/glutathione disulfide (GSH/GSSG) couple measured in SCN homogenates showed higher values at CT14 (i.e., more reduced) than at CT18 (oxidized). In addition, administration of antioxidants N-acetylcysteine (NAC) and GSH induced delays per se at CT14 but did not affect light-induced advances at CT18. Thus, the relative of NO• nitroxyl generates phase-delays in a reductive SCN environment, while an oxidative favors photic-advances. These data suggest that circadian phase-locking mechanisms should include redox SCN environment, generating relatives of NO•, as well as coupling with the molecular oscillator.
Effect of filter bandwidth and spectral sampling rate of analysis filterbank on automatic phoneme recognition (2013)

In this study we investigate the effect of filter bandwidth and spectral sampling rate of analysis filterbank for speech recognition. Two experiments are conducted to evaluate the performance of an automatic phoneme recognition system on clean speech and speech in noise as the filter bandwidth increases from 0.5 to 3.5 ERB and the spectral resolution changes from 1, 1.5, 2, 3, 4, to 6 samples per Bark. Results indicate that the optimum filter bandwidth varies for different speech sounds at different frequency ranges. A spectral sampling of 4 filters per Bark with the filter bandwidth being ≈ 1 ERB produces the best performance on average.
Extended cleavage specificity of the mast cell chymase from the crab-eating macaque (Macaca fascicularis): an interesting animal model for the analysis of the function of the human mast cell chymase (2012)

Serine proteases are the major protein constituents within mast cell secretory granules. These proteases are subdivided into chymases and tryptases depending on their primary cleavage specificity. Here, we present the extended cleavage specificity of the macaque mast cell chymase and compare the specificity with human chymase (HC) and dog chymase (DC) that were produced in the same insect cell expression host. The macaque chymase (MC) shows almost identical characteristics as the HC, including both primary and extended cleavage specificities as well as sensitivity to protease inhibitors, whereas the DC differs in several of these characteristics. Although previous studies have shown that mouse mast cell protease-4 (mMCP-4) is similar in its hydrolytic specificity to the HC, mouse mast cells contain several related enzymes. Thus mice may not be the most appropriate model organism for studying HC activity and inhibition. Importantly, macaques express only one chymase and, as primates, are closely related to human general physiology. In addition, the human and macaque enzymes both cleave angiotensin I (Ang I) in the same way, generating primarily angiotensin II (Ang II) and they do not further degrade the peptide like most rodent enzymes do. Both enzymes also cleave two additional potential in vivo substrates, fibronectin and secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor (SLPI) in a similar way. Given the fact that both HC and MC are encoded by a single gene with high sequence homology and that many physiological processes are similar between these species, the macaque may be a very interesting model to study the physiological role of the chymase and to determine the potency and potential side-effects of various chymase inhibitors designed for therapeutic human use.
Cell separator for use in bipolar-stack energy storage devices (2023)

An improved multi-cell electrochemical energy storage device, such as a battery, fuel cell, or double layer capacitor using a cell separator which allows cells to be stacked and interconnected with low electrical resistance and high reliability while maximizing packaging efficiency. By adding repeating cells, higher voltages can be obtained. The cell separator is formed by applying an organic adhesive on opposing surfaces of adjacent carbon electrodes or surfaces of aerogel electrodes of a pair of adjacent cells prior to or after pyrolysis thereof to form carbon aerogel electrodes. The cell separator is electronically conductive, but ionically isolating, preventing an electrolytic conduction path between adjacent cells in the stack.
An electron microscopic study of apoptosis induced by cycloheximide in rat liver (1994)

A histological and ultrastructural study, coupled with transmission and scanning electron microscopy of the early changes in the liver following a single administration of cycloheximide (CHX), was carried out in male Wistar rats. At the histological level, apoptosis was already present in the liver 2 h after treatment. By scanning electron microscopy, the following sequential changes were observed: brightness and progressive detachment of hepatocytes from neighbouring cells, formation of surface infolds with multiple blebs and, finally, release of several membrane-bounded apoptotic bodies (ABs) in the extracellular space and into the sinusoidal lumen. Three hours after CHX administration, the apoptotic cycle was completed, as shown by the presence of phagocytosed ABs inside the cytoplasm of intact liver cells. Light microscopic examination of the liver 6 h after CHX administration showed ABs mainly located in the cytoplasm of intact hepatocytes and inside activated Kupffer cells. By transmission electron microscopy, it was possible to demonstrate that cells undergoing apoptosis were hepatocytes. At 24 h, the livers of treated animals appeared normal, with no evidence of apoptosis.
Figure S4 from CAR T cells Targeting Human Immunoglobulin Light Chains Eradicate Mature B-cell Malignancies While Sparing a Subset of Normal B Cells (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Recurrent tumor cells in vivo&lt;/p&gt;