gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Fractional Laplacian, Levy stable distribution, and time-space models for linear and nonlinear frequency-dependent lossy media (2002)

The frequency-dependent attenuation typically obeys an empirical power law with an exponent ranging from 0 to 2. The standard time-domain partial differential equation models can describe merely two extreme cases of frequency independent and frequency-squared dependent attenuations. The otherwise non-zeor and non-square frequency dependency occuring in many cases of practical interest is thus often called the anomalous attenuation. In this study, we developed a linear integro-differential equation wave model for the anomalous attenuation by using the space fractional Laplacian operation, and the strategy is then extended to the nonlinear Burgers, KZK, and Westervelt equations. A new definition of the fractional Laplacian is also introduced which naturally includes the boundary conditions and has inherent regularization to ease the hyper-singularity in the conventional fractional Laplacian. Under the Szabo's smallness approximation where attenuation is assumed to be much smaller than the wave number, our linear model is found consistent with arbitrary frequency dependencies. According to the fact that the physical attenuation can be understood a statistic process, the empirical range [0,2] of the power law exponent is explained via the Levy stable distribution theory. It is noted that the power law attentuation underlies fractal microstructures of anomalously attenuative media.
Think Global, Act Local: Gossip and Client Audits in Verifiable Data Structures (2020)

In recent years, there has been increasing recognition of the benefits of having services provide auditable logs of data, as demonstrated by the deployment of Certificate Transparency and the development of other transparency projects. Most proposed systems, however, rely on a gossip protocol by which users can be assured that they have the same view of the log, but the few gossip protocols that do exist today are not suited for near-term deployment. Furthermore, they assume the presence of global sets of auditors, who must be blindly trusted to correctly perform their roles, in order to achieve their stated transparency goals. In this paper, we address both of these issues by proposing a gossip protocol and a verifiable registry, Mog, in which users can perform their own auditing themselves. We prove the security of our protocols and demonstrate via experimental evaluations that they are performant in a variety of potential near-term deployments.
Comparison of 5-Hydroxytryptamine-Induced Contraction of Rat Pulmonary Artery to That of Aorta in Vitro. (1995)

We investigated the nature of the contraction produced by 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) in the rat pulmonary artery, and compared it with that produced in the rat aorta. Both ketanserin and ritanserin inhibited 5-HT-induced contraction in the pulmonary artery non-competitively. In contrast, ketanserin competitively antagonized the contraction in the aorta. Bunazosin, a selective alpha 1-blocker, partially inhibited 5-HT-induced contraction in the pulmonary artery, but not in the aorta. In both the pulmonary artery and aorta, 8-OH-DPAT, a 5-HT1A selective agonist, produced a concentration-dependent contraction. In the pulmonary artery, 5-HT and 8-OH-DPAT produced contractions with similar potencies. In contrast, 8-OH-DPAT was less potent than 5-HT in the aorta. Bunazosin inhibited 8-OH-DPAT-induced contraction in both vessels. However, pindolol, a 5-HT1A antagonist, did not inhibit 8-OH-DPAT-induced contraction in the pulmonary artery. These results suggest that 5-HT produces contraction via not only 5-HT2 receptor, but also non-5-HT2 receptor (probably alpha 1-adrenoceptor) in the rat pulmonary artery. Furthermore, 8-OH-DPAT does not activate the 5-HT1A receptor to produce a contraction, but does activate other receptors which interact with alpha 1-adrenoceptor.
Site-Selective Deposition and Micropatterning of Visible-Light-Emitting Europium-Doped Yttrium Oxide Thin Film on Self-Assembled Monolayers (2007)

We have developed a novel process for preparing a micropattern of europium-doped yttrium oxide thin films using a patterned self-assembled monolayer. The thin film was transformed into the crystalline phase by annealing at 800 °C for 1 h. Europium-doped yttrium oxide films showed red emission (611 nm) due to photoluminescence excited by 266 nm. The deposition and micropatterning of visible-light-emitting europium-doped yttrium oxide was successfully realized in an aqueous solution under environmentally friendly conditions.
Electroencephalographic Arousal Patterns Under Dexmedetomidine Sedation (2018)

Using a wide range of dexmedetomidine doses, we found that frontal EEG beta power of less than -16 dB and/or a delta power of over 15 dB was associated with a state of moderate to deep sedation and that poststimulus return of EEG powers toward baseline values took significantly longer than expected from observation of the arousal response. It is unclear whether these observations are robust enough for clinical applicability.
Effects of performance feedback on users' evaluations of an interactive IR system (2008)

In this study, we seek to understand how providing feedback to users about their performances with an interactive information retrieval (IIR) system impacts their evaluations of that system. Sixty subjects completed three recall-based searching tasks with an experimental IIR system and were asked to evaluate the system after each task and after finishing all three tasks. Before completing the final evaluation, three-fourths of the subjects were provided with feedback about their performances. Subjects were assigned randomly to one of four feedback conditions: a baseline condition where no feedback was provided; an actual feedback condition where subjects were provided with their real performances; and two conditions where subjects were deceived and told that they performed very well or very poorly. Results show that the type of feedback provided significantly affected subjects' system evaluations; most importantly there was a significant difference in subjects' satisfaction ratings before and after feedback was provided in the actual feedback condition.
Design and Testing of Advanced Vehicle System Additions for a Small Liquid Propellant Engine with Lessons Learned (2020)

The Liquid Rocket Launch Vehicle and Engine Teams of the Cal Poly Pomona Liquid Rocket Lab in the 2019-2020 academic year developed two additional support system elements which were needed for use with the vehicle/engine hot fire testing. The first support system element was alternate engine start valves, developed for use in the engine testing due to problems that were encountered with the original engine start valves (pyro actuated inline valves) during cold flows of the LV. The second vehicle support system was the strongback LV erector. This special LV support system was needed to accomplish the hot engine firing under the constraints of the FAR-Mars competition rules. This paper describes the status of the CPP FAR-Mars competition progress and these two new vehicle systems modifications developed during our program activity. Some of our testing objectives were postponed due to the COVID19 activity constraints.
Aldose Reductase Deficiency Prevents Diabetes-Induced Blood-Retinal Barrier Breakdown, Apoptosis, and Glial Reactivation in the Retina of db/db Mice (2005)

In 15-month-old db/db mice, signs of diabetic retinopathy, including blood-retinal barrier breakdown, loss of pericytes, neuro-retinal apoptosis, glial reactivation, and proliferation of blood vessels, were evident. These changes in the diabetic retina were associated with increased expression of aldose reductase (AR). To further understand the role of AR in the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy, we generated db/db mice with an AR null mutation (AR-/- db/db). AR deficiency led to fewer retinal blood vessels with IgG leakage, suggesting that AR may contribute to blood-retinal barrier breakdown. AR deficiency also prevented diabetes-induced reduction of platelet/endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1 expression and increased expression of vascular endothelial growth factor, which may have contributed to blood-retinal barrier breakdown. In addition, long-term diabetes-induced neuro-retinal stress and apoptosis and proliferation of blood vessels were less prominent in AR-/- db/db mice. These findings indicate that AR is responsible for the early events in the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy, leading to a cascade of retinal lesions, including blood-retinal barrier breakdown, loss of pericytes, neuro-retinal apoptosis, glial reactivation, and neovascularization.
(Invited) Molecular Dynamics Simulation of Dipole Layer Formation at High-k/SiO2 Interfaces (2014)

Electric dipole layer formation at high-k/SiO 2 interface is reproduced by classical molecular dynamics simulation based on a simple two-body rigid ion model (1). The dipole layer was spontaneously formed by the migration of oxygen ions across the high-k/SiO 2 interface. In case of Al 2 O 3 /SiO 2, a part of oxygen ions of Al 2 O 3 penetrated into the SiO 2 side , resulting in the formation of a built-in potential of about 0.5 V. The opposite migration of oxygen ions, from SiO 2 side to high-k oxide side, is also reproduced by using different potential parameters of ionic radius and effective charge. The simulation result suggests that the dipole is not merely formed by the oxygen density difference. Rather, oxygen ions are driven by some interatomic forces at the interface. We discuss the origin of the driving force of the oxygen migration in terms of the multipole moments around cations in the oxides.
Use of stop-flow ultraviolet scanning and variable-wavelength detection for enhanced peak identification and sensitivity in high-performance liquid chromatography (1981)

J. W. Readman, L. Brown and M. M. Rhead, Analyst, 1981, 106, 122 DOI: 10.1039/AN9810600122
Focusing through scattering medium: a fundamental trade-off between speckle size and intensity enhancement (Conference Presentation) (2019)

Focusing light through scattering materials by modifying the phase profile of the illuminating beam has attracted a great deal of attention in the past decade paving the way towards novel applications. Here we introduce a tradeoff between two seemingly independent quantities of critical importance in the focusing process: the size of the focal point obtained behind a scattering medium and the maximum achievable brightness of such focal point. We theoretically derive and experimentally demonstrate the fundamental limits of intensity enhancement of the focal point and relate them to the intrinsic properties of the scattering phenomenon. We demonstrate that the intensity enhancement limitation becomes dominant when the focusing plane gets closer to the scattering layer thus limiting the ability to obtain tight focusing at high contrast, which has direct relevance for the many applications exploring scattering materials as a platform for high resolution focusing and imaging
A picture is worth a thousand keywords (2005)

Finding information based on an object's visual appearance is useful when specific keywords for the object are not known. We have developed a mobile image-based search system that takes images of objects as queries and finds relevant web pages by matching them to similar images on the web. Image-based search works well when matching full scenes, such as images of buildings or landmarks, and for matching objects when the boundary of the object in the image is available. We demonstrate the effectiveness of a simple interactive paradigm for obtaining a segmented object boundary, and show how a shape-based image matching algorithm can use the object outline to find similar images on the web.
Cyclone: A Laser Scanner For Mobile Robot Navigation (1991)

Researchers at Carnegie Mellon's Field Robotics Center have designed and implemented a scanning laser rangefinder. The device uses a commercially available time-of-flight ranging instrument that is capable of making up to 7200 measurements per second. The laser beam is reflected by a rotating mirror, producing up to a 360 degree view. Mounted on a robot vehicle, the scanner can be used to detect obstacles in the vehicle's path or to locate the robot on a map. This report discusses the motivation, design, and some applications of the scanner.
Ligands with an NPNPN-framework and their application in chromium catalysed ethene tri-/tetramerization (2016)

Novel Cr(iii) catalysts supported by linear phosph(iii)azanes of the type R(1)R(2)N-P(Ph)-NR(3)-P(Ph)-NR(4)R(5) have been prepared, all of which, upon activation with MMAO-3A, are highly active for ethene tri-/tetramerization with considerable selectivity. The effect of ligand substitution as well as solvent on the catalytic performance has been examined.
Catabolism of caffeine in plants and microorganisms (2004)

Caffeine has been found in tissues of several plants. Because of its stimulating effect on the central nervous system, a great number of reports have been published on its content in beverages and foodstuffs. However, a much more restricted number of reports have dealt specifically with caffeine metabolism in plants. This review presents, in chronological manner, the contribution of these reports to the vast knowledge accumulated on caffeine catabolism in plants and microorganisms over the last 40 years. In plants, the accumulated data indicate the operation of a main catabolic pathway: caffeine --> theophylline --> 3-methylxantine --> xanthine --> uric acid --> allantoin --> allantoic acid --> glyoxylic acid + urea --> NH3 + CO2. Some studies have shown that, depending on the plant species, other minor routes may operate with the formation of theobromine and 7-methylxantine, which are salvaged for caffeine formation since they also appear in the biosynthetic pathway. A specific group of coffee known as liberio-excelsioides has the ability to convert caffeine to the corresponding methyluric acid, which is methylated to other uric acid derivatives. In bacteria caffeine is either degraded to theobromine or paraxanthine. Both dimethylxanthines are demethylated to 7-methylxantine which in turn is demethylated to xanthine and then enters the catabolic pathway of purines. In bacteria, theobromine, paraxanthine and 7-methylxantine may also be oxidized to their corresponding methyluric acids.
Differential RA responsiveness among subsets of mouse late progenitor spermatogonia (2021)

Initiation of spermatogonial differentiation in the mouse testis begins with the response to retinoic acid (RA) characterized by activation of KIT and STRA8 expression. In the adult, spermatogonial differentiation is spatiotemporally coordinated by a pulse of RA every 8.6 days that is localized to stages VII-VIII of the seminiferous epithelial cycle. Dogmatically, progenitor spermatogonia that express retinoic acid receptor gamma (RARG) at these stages will differentiate in response to RA, but this has yet to be tested functionally. Previous single-cell RNA-seq data identified phenotypically and functionally distinct subsets of spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) and progenitor spermatogonia, where late progenitor spermatogonia were defined by expression of RARG and Dppa3. Here, we found late progenitor spermatogonia (RARGhigh KIT-) were further divisible into two subpopulations based on Dppa3 reporter expression (Dppa3-ECFP or Dppa3-EGFP) and were observed across all stages of the seminiferous epithelial cycle. However, nearly all Dppa3+ spermatogonia were differentiating (KIT+) late in the seminiferous epithelial cycle (stages X-XII), while Dppa3- late progenitors remained abundant, suggesting that Dppa3+ and Dppa3- late progenitors differentially responded to RA. Following acute RA treatment (2-4 h), significantly more Dppa3+ late progenitors induced KIT, including at the midpoint of the cycle (stages VI-IX), than Dppa3- late progenitors. Subsequently, single-cell analyses indicated a subset of Dppa3+ late progenitors expressed higher levels of Rxra, which we confirmed by RXRA whole-mount immunostaining. Together, these results indicate RARG alone is insufficient to initiate a spermatogonial response to RA in the adult mouse testis and suggest differential RXRA expression may discriminate responding cells.
A Dual Role For TGF-β1 in the Control and Persistence of Fungal Pneumonia (2005)

TGF-beta1 (TGF) has been implicated in the pathogenesis of several chronic infections and is thought to promote microbial persistence by interfering with macrophage function. In rats with experimental pulmonary cryptococcosis, increased lung levels of TGF were present at 12 mo of infection. Within the lung, expression of TGF localized to epithelioid cells and foamy macrophages in areas of inflammation. Increased TGF expression was also observed in the lungs of experimentally infected mice and a patient with pulmonary cryptococcosis. TGF reduced Ab and serum-mediated phagocytosis of Cryptococcus neoformans by rat alveolar macrophages (AM) and peripheral blood monocytes, and this was associated with decreased chemokine production and oxidative burst. Interestingly, TGF-treated rat AM limited both intracellular and extracellular growth of C. neoformans. Control of C. neoformans growth by TGF-treated rat AM was due to increased secretion of lysozyme, a protein with potent antifungal activity. The effects of TGF on the course of infection were dependent on the timing of TGF administration relative to the time of infection. TGF treatment of chronically infected rats resulted in reduced lung fungal burden, while treatment early in the course of infection resulted in increased fungal burden. In summary, our studies suggest a dual role for TGF in persistent fungal pneumonia whereby it contributes to the local control of infection by enhancing macrophage antifungal efficacy through increased lysozyme secretion, while limiting inflammation by inhibiting macrophage/monocyte phagocytosis and reducing associated chemokine production and oxidative burst.
Observations on a quartz crystal deposition monitor (1971)

A quartz crystal deposition monitor has been constructed which employs AT cut quartz plates resonating at 6 MHz. Results are given which show that a series of deposited mass against frequency change relationships can be produced depending upon the area of quartz crystal exposed to the vapour source. The calibrations reported were obtained using copper as the evaporant and the relationships between frequency change and deposited mass were found to be reproducible up to a total frequency change of approximately 160 kHz. Also reported is an investigation into the use of resonator impedance measurements for determining when the useful life of a monitor plate is to end.
Observation of Joining Phenomena in First Phase of Friction Welding. Study of Joining Mechanism of Friction Welding. (Report 1). (2002)

Many investigations have been reported for the mechanism of friction welding process of similar materials. However, the mechanism has not been clarified precisely up to now. A series of studies has been carrying out to clarify the joining mechanism of friction welding process. As for the first step, the present paper describes the joining phenomena in the first phase of friction welding process, i.e., friction stage. The materials joined were mild steels (same materials), and a brake type friction welding equipment was used throughout this experiment. Main conclusions are obtained as follows. (1) When the weld faying surfaces of both substrates contacted each other, the friction torque rapidly increased and maintained at the nearly constant. Following this, the friction torque reached to the initial peak torque. (2) The wear of both surfaces started at the periphery portion (outer surface) of joint, and moved to the center portion (center axis). Then, seizure and joining began at the center portion, and they extended toward the periphery portion. (3) The friction torque reached to the initial peak torque when the welded interface was joined completely and upsetting of both substrates started. (4) The joining models at the first phase in wear and the seizure stages were made from the observation results. As a conclusion, the first phase of friction stage was composed of the wear and the seizure stages.
Higher-order PMD compensator with a simple feedback signal (2002)

A double-stage PMD compensator with one fixed delay element and a polarizer, where the average output power is used as a feedback signal, is shown to provide identical performance as with a DOP-meter between the stages
Equimolar addition of oligoribonucleotides with T4 RNA ligase (1977)

T4 induced RNA ligase will join equimolar concentrations of two oligoribonucleotides, (Ap)3C and p(Up) 5, to form a single product, (Ap)3Cp(Up) 5, in high yield. The presence of the 3' phosphate on p(Up)5 prevents the oligomer from adding to itself. The pH optimum of the reaction is about 7.5, but less of the undesirable adenylated intermediate, App(Up) 5, forms at pH 8.2. The reaction rate is a linear function of oligomer concentration from 3 micronM to 0.6 mM. The data suggest that T4 RNA ligase will be a useful enzyme for the synthesis of oligomers of defined sequence.
Multicenter, Randomized, Prospective Trial of Early Tracheostomy (1997)

Physician bias limited patient entry into the study. Although there were higher AIII scores in the head trauma early tracheostomy patients, there were no differences in the primary end points of ICU LOS, pneumonia, or death in any of the groups studied. Long-term endoscopic follow-up was poor, but no known late tracheal stenosis was seen.
Titanium Molybdate Gels as Matrix of 99Mo/99mTc Generators (2007)

This work deals with 99Mo/99mTc generators produced from titanium 99Mo-molybdate, first synthesized and then irradiated. This method avoids the use of special equipment for the synthesis of radioactive material and reduces the process time which usually is at least 7 h. The effect of four parameters of titanium molybdate gel synthesis on the performance of 99Mo/99mTc generators and some physico-chemical properties of these gels were evaluated: gel irradiation, titanium solution concentration, effect of the washing gels, and their drying temperature. The data reveal that: (1) the irradiation of the titanium molybdate gels did not influence significantly the generator performance, (2) the dehydration of titanium molybdate gels, the presence of occluded salt in the gel during drying, and the washing of the gels after drying improved the diffusion of the 99mTcO4- ions and thus the generator performance, and (3) the gels had a three-dimensional structure with cavities which allowed the diffusion of the 99mTcO4- ions inside the gel and were directly connected with the performance of the titanium 99Mo-molybdate 99Mo/99mTc generators.