gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Lifetimes of Imidinium Ions in Aqueous Solution (1997)

Imidinium ions, ArNCNR2+, were generated in aqueous solution from the solvolysis of fluoro and chloro formamidines at pH 9.3 and 25 °C. Rate constants for the hydration of five imidinium ions were determined from a kinetic analysis of their trapping by thiolacetate anion, CH3COS-, in the presence of a pool of competing fluoride anion, and a rate constant of kAcS− = 5 × 109 M-1 s-1 for diffusion-controlled trapping of the carbocations with thiolacetate anion. The rate constants, ks, for hydration of the imidinium ions, XArNCNC4H8O+ are 3.6 × 105, 5.8 × 105, 1.5 × 106, 1.6 × 106, and 1.8 × 106 s-1 for X = H, 4-Cl, 3-CN, 4-CN, and 3-NO2, respectively. In a similar experiment a rate constant of ks = 3.3 × 107 s-1 was obtained for hydration of the imidinium ion 4-NO2ArNCNCH3(OCH3)+, by using azide anion to trap the cation and a rate constant of kaz = 5 × 109 M-1 s-1 for diffusion-controlled trapping of the imidinium ion with azide ion. The partitioning rate constant ratio kAcS−/ks for 4-ClArNCNC4H8O+ decreases by approximately 6-fold in 45% v/v glycerol/water in contrast to kaz/ks, which remains almost constant, showing that thiolacetate, but not azide anion, combines with the imidinium ion at a diffusion-limited rate. The reactivity of the imidinium ions deviate from behavior predicted by the N+ scale in a manner that may be explained by a difference in the selectivity of the cation when compared to the more stable N+ carbocations.
Protection against myxomatosis and rabbit viral hemorrhagic disease with recombinant myxoma viruses expressing rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus capsid protein (1996)

Two myxoma virus-rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus (RHDV) recombinant viruses were constructed with the SG33 strain of myxoma virus to protect rabbits against myxomatosis and rabbit viral hemorrhagic disease. These recombinant viruses expressed the RHDV capsid protein (VP60). The recombinant protein, which is 60 kDa in size, was antigenic, as revealed by its reaction in immunoprecipitation with antibodies raised against RHDV. Both recombinant viruses induced high levels of RHDV- and myxoma virus-specific antibodies in rabbits after immunization. Inoculations by the intradermal route protected animals against virulent RHDV and myxoma virus challenges.
Dynamic Thermal Deformation Measurement Technique for Large-Scale High Temperature Piping (2012)

Fast and accurate deformation measuring techniques have promising potential for monitoring of high-temperature piping and other machinery in the energy sector, such as thermal, stream, or nuclear power plant. Optics-based non-intrusive and real-time monitoring systems are critical for preventing high temperature steam leaks, unexpected accidents, explosions, and other failures that can have catastrophic consequences for the power supply, worker, and the public. In this study, a dynamic thermal deformation measurement technique utilizing the sampling moiré method is developed for large-scale high temperature piping in the thermal power plant. To endure the high temperature nearly 300°C of the piping, several ferrite magnets with 100 × 100 mm are used to attach to the interested locations of the high temperature piping. In each ferrite magnet, a regularly two-dimensional binary grating pattern with 15 mm pitch was sprayed onto the surface, and the magnetic grating was used as the reference grating to analyze the displacement distribution by the sampling moiré method. Experimental results showed that our measurement technique is possible for structural evaluation of high temperature large-scale infrastructures.
Flexible Design Method for Microstrip Bandstop, Highpass, and Bandpass Filters Using Similar Defected Ground Structures (2019)

It is well known that the typical low-pass characteristics can be obtained by a cascaded structure of alternating high- and low-impedance transmission-line (TL) segments. On the contrary, this paper focus on modifying this stepped impedance TLs to obtain the bandstop, highpass, and bandpass responses. A basic structure consisting of dumbbell-shaped defected ground structures (DGSs), complementary split ring resonators (CSRRs) DGSs and interdigitated coupling structures is proposed, which can simultaneously satisfy the design of different types of filters. Then, open stubs and short stubs are appropriately selected and achieve the necessary flexibility among the conversions of different frequency responses. Furthermore, different units are ingeniously embedded into the stepped impedance TLs to obtain good performances and small dimensions. By employing the extracted parameters and equivalent circuits, different types of frequency responses are well explained. Finally, the proposed filters are fabricated and measured, the measured results show a great agreement with simulated results.
Methyl 2-({6-[(1-methoxy-2-methyl-1-oxopropan-2-yl)carbamoyl]pyridin-2-yl}formamido)-2-methylpropanoate (2012)

In the title compound, C(17)H(23)N(3)O(6), the two meth-oxy-carbonyl C-O-C=O planes are inclined at dihedral angles of 5.3 (4) and 83.9 (4)° with respect to the central pyridine ring. An intra-molecular N-H⋯O hydrogen bond generates an S(5) ring motif. In the crystal, mol-ecules are linked into a chain along the c axis via C-H⋯O hydrogen bonds.
Antibodies to a nucleolar protein are localized in the nucleolus after red blood cell-mediated microinjection. (1983)

To determine whether red blood cell-mediated microinjection of antibodies can be used to study nuclear protein localization and function, we microinjected antibodies that have been shown to react specifically with nucleolar acidic phosphoprotein C23 into Walker 256 cells. The intracellular distribution of microinjected anti-C23 antibodies and preimmune immunoglobulins were determined by immunofluorescence. At 3 h after microinjection, affinity-purified anti-C23 antibodies were localized in the cytoplasm and nucleolus. At 17 h after microinjection, the affinity-purified antibody was localized to those nucleolar structures previously shown to contain protein C23. Furthermore, the antibody remained localized in the nucleolus for at least 36 h after microinjection. In contrast to the results obtained with specific antibodies, preimmune immunoglobulins remained in the cytoplasm 36 h after microinjection. These results indicate that red blood cell-mediated microinjection of antibodies can be used to study nucleolar and nuclear antigens.
Dynamic File Grouping for Load Balancing in Streaming Media Clustered Server Systems (2007)

A dynamic file grouping strategy is presented to address the load balancing problem in streaming media clustered server systems. This strategy increases the server cluster availability by balancing the workloads among the servers within a cluster. Additionally, it improves the access hit ratio of cached files in delivery servers to alleviate the limitation of I/O bandwidth of storage node. First, the load balancing problem is formulated as a two layer semi-Markov switching state-space control process. Then, a gradient-based reinforcement learning algorithm is proposed to optimize the grouping policy online. This analytic model captures the behaviors of streaming media clustered server systems accurately, and is with constructional flexibility and scalability. By utilizing the features of the event-driven policy, the proposed optimization algorithm is adaptive and with less computational cost. Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
Predicting adverse outcomes due to diabetes complications with machine learning using administrative health data (2021)

Across jurisdictions, government and health insurance providers hold a large amount of data from patient interactions with the healthcare system. We aimed to develop a machine learning-based model for predicting adverse outcomes due to diabetes complications using administrative health data from the single-payer health system in Ontario, Canada. A Gradient Boosting Decision Tree model was trained on data from 1,029,366 patients, validated on 272,864 patients, and tested on 265,406 patients. Discrimination was assessed using the AUC statistic and calibration was assessed visually using calibration plots overall and across population subgroups. Our model predicting three-year risk of adverse outcomes due to diabetes complications (hyper/hypoglycemia, tissue infection, retinopathy, cardiovascular events, amputation) included 700 features from multiple diverse data sources and had strong discrimination (average test AUC = 77.7, range 77.7-77.9). Through the design and validation of a high-performance model to predict diabetes complications adverse outcomes at the population level, we demonstrate the potential of machine learning and administrative health data to inform health planning and healthcare resource allocation for diabetes management.
CTS 2014 tutorials (2014)

This tutorial discusses the following: Introduction to social media network analysis with NODEXL; Cloud based federated infrastructure for Big Data e-science and collaboration; Multimodal detection of affective states during collaboration: Overview of methods and applications; Big Data processing with less work and less code parsing semi-structured and free form text; Design synthesis: a process for crafting meaningful products, systems, & services.
Single beam mapping of nonlinear phase shift profiles in planar waveguides with an embedded mirror (2007)

We demonstrate a technique for a single shot mapping of nonlinear phase shift profiles in spatial solitons that are formed during short pulse propagation through one-dimensional slab AlGaAs waveguides, in the presence of a focusing Kerr nonlinearity. The technique uses a single beam and relies on the introduction of a lithographically etched reflective planar mirror surface positioned in proximity to the beam's input position. Using this setup we demonstrate nonlinearity-induced sharp lateral phase variations for certain initial conditions, and creation of higher spatial harmonics when the beam is in close proximity to the mirror.
Metasurface‐Based Spatial Phasers for Analogue Signal Processing (2020)

Abstract A dispersive delay structure, or phaser, is an integral part of analogue signal processor. A phaser is a circuit, whose group delay can be engineered to obtain the desired response as a function of frequency. Traditionally, phasers have been implemented in circuits or waveguide structures, but they can never deal with electromagnetic waves in free space due to limitation of natural materials. To resolve this drawback, a novel metasurface‐based structure, spatial phaser, for analogue signal processing in the spatial domain is proposed. A general design theory is put forward to realize the spatial phaser for manipulating the dispersive delay of electromagnetic waves. To demonstrate this method, three spatial phasers with different group‐delay responses are elaborately devised and a prototype that exhibits a positive‐triangular group delay from 8 to 10 GHz is fabricated. The experimental and simulation results show good agreement. This work will facilitate the development of real‐time analogue signal processing in spatial domain for applications in radars, electronic countermeasures, and other related areas.
Dynamics and Control of Electronic Cascaded Systems (2006)

Electronic cascaded systems are complex and extensively systems integrated with different converters. In general, there are two kinds of loads in these systems, constant power loads and constant voltage loads. The potential instability effected by constant power loads is analyzed with the power system of electric vehicle (EV) by impedance ratio criterion. The stability qualifications are given in this paper. Furthermore, a nonlinear control method is described to stable the systems with complex loads. The control effects are proved by simulations
Management of stage II colon cancer - the use of molecular biomarkers for adjuvant therapy decision (2013)

Patients' characterization according to MMR status, CIMP phenotype and TYMS mRNA expression may provide a more tailored approach for adjuvant therapy in stage II colon cancer.
Retrieval and Feedback Models for Blog Distillation (2018)

This paper presents our system and results for the Feed Distillation task in the Blog track at TREC 2007. Our experiments focus on two dimensions of the task: (1) a large-document model (feed retrieval) vs. a small-document model (entry or post retrieval) and (2) a novel query expansion method using the link structure and link text found within Wikipedia
Advanced deformable mirrors for high-power lasers (2014)

Efficient propagation of light through the atmosphere requires the compensation of phase distortions induced by the atmosphere, thermal lensing, thermal blooming, or aero-optics. We have developed a deformable mirror engineered to compensate these aberrations while reflecting high power radiation with minimal heating and thermally induced distortion. We present the results of a multi-year effort to address many of the challenges with existing state-of-the-art designs while reducing cost, complexity, and manufacturing time.
Political Discourse on Social Media (2018)

Echo chambers, i.e., situations where one is exposed only to opinions that agree with their own, are an increasing concern for the political discourse in many democratic countries. This paper studies the phenomenon of political echo chambers on social media. We identify the two components in the phenomenon: the opinion that is shared, and the »chamber» (i.e., the social network) that allows the opinion to »echo» (i.e., be re-shared in the network) -- and examine closely at how these two components interact. We define a production and consumption measure for social-media users, which captures the political leaning of the content shared and received by them. By comparing the two, we find that Twitter users are, to a large degree, exposed to political opinions that agree with their own. We also find that users who try to bridge the echo chambers, by sharing content with diverse leaning, have to pay a »price of bipartisanship» in terms of their network centrality and content appreciation. In addition, we study the role of »gatekeepers,» users who consume content with diverse leaning but produce partisan content (with a single-sided leaning), in the formation of echo chambers. Finally, we apply these findings to the task of predicting partisans and gatekeepers from social and content features. While partisan users turn out relatively easy to identify, gatekeepers prove to be more challenging.
Use of Online Assessment to Enhance Teaching and Learning: The PASS-IT Project (2006)

This article describes a recent collaborative project (PASS-IT) which investigated the use of online assessment in secondary and further education in Scotland. The aim of PASS-IT was to explore the potential of formative and summative assessment in secondary education, and to build on previous research into the applicability and validity of online assessments. An overview of the project is given. Examples of online questions are provided in section 2 with a discussion of some of the issues and benefits. Section 3 outlines the main research findings of the project, which provide evidence for the validity of online assessments.
Hair cortisol and the risk for acute myocardial infarction in adult men (2010)

Acute stress is increasingly recognized as a precipitant of acute myocardial infarction (AMI). However, the role of chronic stress in developing AMI is less clear. We have developed a method to measure cortisol in hair, which allows longitudinal assessment of cortisol levels prior to an acute event. We aimed to evaluate the hypothesis that chronic stress, as assessed by hair cortisol content, is associated with the development of AMI. A prospective case-control study included 56 patients admitted to hospital with AMI and 56 control patients, admitted to internal medicine wards for other indications. An enzyme immunoassay technique was used to measure cortisol in the most proximal 3 cm of hair, considered to represent the most recent 3 months of exposure. Median hair cortisol contents (range) were 295.3 (105.4-809.3)ng/g in AMI patients and 224.9 (76.58-949.9)ng/g in controls (p = 0.006, Mann-Whitney U-test). After controlling for other risk factors for AMI using multiple logistic regression, log-transformed hair cortisol content remained the strongest predictor (OR 17.4, 95% CI 2.15-140.5; p = 0.007). We demonstrated elevated hair cortisol concentrations in patients with AMI. This suggests that chronic stress, as assessed by increased hair cortisol in the 3 months prior to the event, may be a contributing factor for AMI.
Cargo Manifests and Custom Records from American China Trade Vessels Bound for the Port of Philadelphia 1790-1840 (1989)

For most Americans, the China trade holds the mystique of the faraway, the exotic, and the unreal. It has been perceived as a trade benefitting a well-to-do clientele. Cyphered Chinese export porcelain, exquisite silks, and ebony and ivory inlaid furniture were the objects associated with such commerce. Only very recently has there been some consideration of Chinese objects for the middle-class consumer. The main purpose of my study is to further this investigation and to extend what we know about Chinese objects available in the early 19th-century open market.
Carbohydrate and peptide specificity of MHC class II-restricted T cell hybridomas raised against an O-glycosylated self peptide (1997)

MHC class II E(k)-restricted, IL-2 secreting T cell hybridomas were raised against the synthetic glycopeptide Hb(67-76)-alpha-GalNAc, (T72(Tn)), in CBA/J mice (H-2(k)). The fine specificity of the hybridomas against the glycan moiety was investigated by testing their response against a panel of Hb(67-76)-derived glycopeptides, all with a glycan attached to serine or threonine at the position 72 in the peptide, but with different glycans. The hybridomas showed a high degree of specificity for the alpha-GalNAc moiety with few and faint cross-responses to the glycopeptides having other glycans attached even though some of these were structurally very similar to alpha-GalNAc. The fine specificity of the hybridomas for the peptide moiety was investigated by testing their responses to a panel of Hb(67-76)-alpha-GalNAc glycopeptides with alanine substitutions at all positions except at the two MHC binding anchor positions, I68 and K76, and the T72 to which the alpha-GalNAc was attached. Glycopeptides substituted with alanine at positions where the amino acid side chain pointed toward the TCR did not stimulate the hybridomas, whereas glycopeptides substituted with alanine at positions orientated down into the MHC binding groove stimulated many of the hybridomas. These results indicate that the glycan attached to the peptide as well as solvent-accessible parts of the peptide are recognized with a high degree of specificity by the T cells, whereas the parts of the peptide buried in the MHC binding site are less important or totally ignored by the T cells.
Contemporary Endodontic Retreatments: An Analysis based on Clinical Treatment Findings (2002)

A prospective in vivo investigation was conducted to determine radiographic and clinical factors associated with contemporary nonsurgical endodontic retreatments. Approximately 1,100 failing endodontically treated teeth were screened to determine an appropriate treatment plan. Using magnification, 337 consecutive retreatment cases were evaluated and treated. The vast majority of the retreated cases involved multiple factors. Eighty-five percent of the cases presented with periradicular radiolucencies. Sixty-five percent of the cases demonstrated poor radiographic obturation quality. Associated pain was noted 51% of the time. Forty-two percent of the teeth had untreated canal space. It was statistically significant (Chi-square, p < or = 0.05) that additional canal space was located and treated in 89% of the cases that had previous radiographic asymmetrical obturations. Evidence of coronal leakage was noted in 13% of the retreated teeth. Tooth number, obturation materials, overfills, and previous surgical retrofillings were also recorded. Recommendations were made that might improve the rate of clinical success.
Scotin expression and survival in breast cancer (2009)

e22006 Background: The Scotin gene (3p21.3) is directly trans-activated by p53 in response to ionising radiation and produces a 25kD trans-membrane protein located in the endoplasmic reticulum and nuclear membrane which induces a caspase- dependent apoptosis. This study examines the expression of scotin and scotin isoforms in breast cancer in relation to clinical and pathological parameters. Methods: Scotin was examined in 145 breast cancers by DNA sequencing, nested PCR for mRNA expression and using novel antibodies to scotin (pantropic), the C-terminal or N-terminal domain, and the scotin-5 isoform with western blotting and immunohistochemistry on a tissue microarray of breast cancers. Results: Scotin was mutated in 10% of cancers and mRNA expression lost in a further 10%. Moreover, Scotin-5 was expressed in 40% of cancers, while it was not detectable in normal breast epithelium. We established that Scotin-5 is anti-apoptotic and inhibits scotin-mediated apoptosis. Cytoplasmic staining of scotin on TMAs demonstrated that loss of scotin expression was associated with earlier relapse (Mantel-Cox log rank p&lt;0.01) and poor survival (Mantel-Cox log rank p&lt;0.002). Furthermore, loss of Scotin expression identified 50% of the WTp53 patients or 50% of the ER+ patients who also had a poor survival. Conclusions: Scotin may be used as an independent biomarker in breast cancer. Loss of Scotin function may account for a significant proportion of p53 malfunction even in the presence of wild type p53 in breast cancer and adds a further level of complexity to p53 directed therapy in breast cancer. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Scalable locality-conscious multithreaded memory allocation (2006)

We present Streamflow, a new multithreaded memory manager designed for low overhead, high-performance memory allocation while transparently favoring locality. Streamflow enables low over-head simultaneous allocation by multiple threads and adapts to sequential allocation at speeds comparable to that of custom sequential allocators. It favors the transparent exploitation of temporal and spatial object access locality, and reduces allocator-induced cache conflicts and false sharing, all using a unified design based on segregated heaps. Streamflow introduces an innovative design which uses only synchronization-free operations in the most common case of local allocations and deallocations, while requiring minimal, non-blocking synchronization in the less common case of remote deallocations. Spatial locality at the cache and page level is favoredby eliminating small objects headers, reducing allocator-induced conflicts via contiguous allocation of page blocks in physical memory, reducing allocator-induced false sharing by using segregated heaps and achieving better TLB performance and fewer page faults via the use of superpages. Combining these locality optimizations with the drastic reduction of synchronization and latency overhead allows Streamflow to perform comparably with optimized sequential allocators and outperform--on a shared-memory systemwith four two-way SMT processors--four state-of-the-art multi-processor allocators by sizeable margins in our experiments. The allocation-intensive sequential and parallel benchmarks used in our experiments represent a variety of behaviors, including mostly local object allocation-deallocation patterns and producer-consumer allocation-deallocation patterns.