gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Preserved spatial coding in hippocampal CA1 pyramidal cells during reversible suppression of CA3c output: evidence for pattern completion in hippocampus (1989)

Medial septal modulation of hippocampal single-unit activity was examined by assessing the behavioral and physiological consequences of reversibly inactivating the medial septum via microinjection of a local anesthetic (tetracaine) in freely behaving rats trained to solve a working memory problem on a radial maze. Reversible septal inactivation resulted in a dramatic, but temporary (15-20 min), impairment in choice accuracy. In addition, movement-induced theta (theta) modulation of the hippocampal EEG was eliminated. Septal injection of tetracaine also produced a significant reduction in location-specific firing by hilar/CA3c complex-spike cells (about 50%), with no significant change in the place-specific firing properties of CA1 complex-spike units. The mean spontaneous rates of stratum granulosum and CA1 theta cells were temporarily reduced by about 50% following septal injection of tetracaine. Although there was a significant reduction in the activities of inhibitory interneurons (theta cells) in CA1, there was no loss of spatial selectivity in the CA1 pyramidal cell discharge patterns. We interpret these results as support for the proposal originally put forth by Marr (1969, 1971) that hippocampal circuits perform pattern completion on fragmentary input information as a result of a normalization operation carried out by inhibitory interneurons. A second major finding in this study was that location specific firing of CA1 cells can be maintained in the virtual absence of the hippocampal theta-rhythm.
Design Fabrication and Testing of a Microswitch Using Snap-through Buckling Phenomenon (1995)

A snapping-beam microswitch has been designed, fabricated and tested. From a design analysis, necessary and sufficient conditions for a snap-through switching fouction have been derived for a clamped shallow beam. The necessary condition has resulted in a geometric relation, in which the ratio of beam thickness to initial beam deflection plays a key role in the snapping ability. The sufficient condition for the snapping action has been obtained as a function of the inertia force due to applied acceleration, and the electrostatic force, adjustable by an inter-electrode voltage. For experimental investigations, a set of microbeams of silicon dioxide/silicon bimorphs have been fabricated. Geometric size and mechanical behavior of each material film have been measured from on-chip test structures. Estimated and measured characteristics of the fabricated devices are compared.
Multi-rate Observer Based Sliding Mode Control with Frequency Shaping for Vibration Suppression Beyond Nyquist Frequency**This work was sponsored by Western Digital Corporation. (2016)

Nyquist frequency limits the frequency range of the continuous-time signals that can be reconstructed through the sampled discrete-time signals. In hard disk drives (HDDs), there exist resonance modes near and beyond the Nyquist frequency in the voice coil motor (VCM). Such resonance modes, if excited, may generate vibration beyond the Nyquist frequency which would seriously degrade the servo performance. To capture such vibration, a multi-rate extended observer is designed based on the nominal dynamic model of the excitation process. This observer estimates both the states and the vibration at a fast rate based on the sampled position error signal (PES) at a slow rate. The estimated states are utilized to design a sliding mode control algorithm at the fast rate with frequency shaping to suppress vibration beyond the Nyquist frequency. Meanwhile, the estimated vibration are incorporated in the control signal to further compensate the actual vibration. Simulation results demonstrate the benefits of the proposed algorithm: large off-track behaviors of the VCM are mostly detected and the vibration beyond the Nyquist frequency are suppressed.
Nonenzymatic sensing of methyl parathion based on graphene/gadolinium Prussian Blue analogue nanocomposite modified glassy carbon electrode (2014)

A new nonenzymatic electrochemical sensor was developed for sensitive detection of methyl parathion based on graphene nanosheets (GNs)/gadolinium Prussian Blue analogue (gadolinium hexacyanoferrate, GdHCF) modified glassy carbon electrode. The new sensor combined the individual properties of GNs (high conductivity and adsorption affinity) and GdHCF (high surface area and special catalytic activity), and realized efficient enrichment and electrochemical stripping voltammetric detection of methyl parathion. Under optimum conditions, the reduction current was proportional to methyl parathion concentration over the range from 0.008 to 10 μM with a detection limit of 1 nM. The sensor displayed high sensitivity, acceptable stability and selectivity, and realized reliable quantification of methyl parathion in practical environment samples.
End-to-end communication test on variable length packet structures utilizing AOS testbed (1994)

This paper describes a communication test, which successfully demonstrated the transfer of losslessly compressed images in an end-to-end system. These compressed images were first formatted into variable length Consultative Committee for Space Data Systems (CCSDS) packets in the Advanced Orbiting System Testbed (AOST). The CCSDS data Structures were transferred from the AOST to the Radio Frequency Simulations Operations Center (RFSOC), via a fiber optic link, where data was then transmitted through the Tracking and Data Relay Satellite System (TDRSS). The received data acquired at the White Sands Complex (WSC) was transferred back to the AOST where the data was captured and decompressed back to the original images. This paper describes the compression algorithm, the AOST configuration, key flight components, data formats, and the communication link characteristics and test results.
Origins of the vagal drive controlling left ventricular contractility (2016)

The strength, functional significance and origins of direct parasympathetic innervation of the left ventricle (LV) remain controversial. In the present study we used an anaesthetized rat model to first confirm the presence of tonic inhibitory vagal influence on LV inotropy. Using genetic neuronal targeting and functional neuroanatomical mapping we tested the hypothesis that parasympathetic control of LV contractility is provided by vagal preganglionic neurones located in the dorsal motor nucleus (DVMN). It was found that under systemic β-adrenoceptor blockade (atenolol) combined with spinal cord (C1) transection (to remove sympathetic influences), intravenous administration of atropine increases LV contractility in rats anaesthetized with urethane, but not in animals anaesthetized with pentobarbital. Increased LV contractility in rats anaesthetized with urethane was also observed when DVMN neurones targeted bilaterally to express an inhibitory Drosophila allatostatin receptor were silenced by application of an insect peptide allatostatin. Microinjections of glutamate and muscimol to activate or inhibit neuronal cell bodies in distinct locations along the rostro-caudal extent of the left and right DVMN revealed that vagal preganglionic neurones, which have an impact on LV contractility, are located in the caudal region of the left DVMN. Changes in LV contractility were only observed when this subpopulation of DVMN neurones was activated or inhibited. These data confirm the existence of a tonic inhibitory muscarinic influence on LV contractility. Activity of a subpopulation of DVMN neurones provides functionally significant parasympathetic control of LV contractile function.
Effect of sub-Tg relaxations on chromophore reorientation in corona-poled polymers (1998)

Activation volumes for chromophore reorientation were measured for a series of guest–host polymeric materials, indicating a significant coupling between chromophore motion and the glassy α and β relaxation dynamics of the polymer host. The specific systems studied were formed by individually dissolving N,N-dimethyl-p-nitroaniline (DpNA), 4-(dimethylamino)-4′-nitrotolane (DMANT), 4-(diethylamino)-4′-nitrotolane (DEANT), and 1-((4-(dimethylamino)phenyl)ethynyl)-4-((4-nitrophenyl)ethynyl)benzene (DMAPEANT) in poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), poly(ethyl methacrylate) (PEMA), and poly(isobutyl methacrylate) (PiBMA). In each of these systems, the isothermal, sub-Tg decay of the second-order optical susceptibility χ(2) was monitored as a function of pressure using second harmonic generation. In each system, the observed decay of χ(2) was represented by a stretched exponential equation from which the decay time τ0 and decay distribution width βKWW were determined. For each dopant molecule, the decrease in activation volume with the increasing size of the polymer host's alkyl side group and the pressure dependence of βKWW were indicative of partial coupling between chromophore rotation and the glassy β relaxation dynamics of the polymer host. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci B: Polym Phys 36: 1013–1024, 1998
Precise and robust hall effect gap sensor with common electrical and magnetic noise reduction technique (2017)

Precise Hall effect gap sensor with differential and shielding structure for effective reduction of common electrical and magnetic noise is reported. Applied to a transport system with magnetic levitation, resolution of the sensor resulted in 2 μm while with 2 mV/μm sensitivity at main sensing range of 1.5mm. Less than 1 μm variation is observed despite the ambient magnetic field. Levitation error of the transport system with the gap sensor satisfied a given specification of less than 10 μm.
Protein Changes in Roots of Winter Wheat Subjected to a Cold Stress (1995)

Protein changes in roots of winter wheat were investigated on the 3rd and 8th day after a rapid temperature shift-down from 25° C to 4° C. Proteins were labelled during the last 12 hours before harvesting using L-[14C] aminoacid mixture and were analyzed by scintillation counting, one- and two dimensional gel electrophoresis and fluorography. The total uptake of the label was about 10 times lower in the treated plants of both series. A prominent band with molecular mass of 43±3 kDa and an isoelectric point between pH 6.8–7.4 was observed on the 3rd day after treatment. The obtained results suggest a transient expression of the 43 kDa protein(s) and may be an indication for its involvement in the development of the cold stress response.
Epidemiological and genomic investigation of chikungunya virus in Rio de Janeiro state, Brazil, between 2015 and 2018 (2023)

Abstract Since 2014, Brazil has experienced an unprecedented epidemic caused by chikungunya virus (CHIKV), with several waves of East-Central-South-African (ECSA) lineage transmission reported across the country. In 2018, Rio de Janeiro state, the third most populous state in Brazil, reported 41% of all chikungunya cases in the country. Here we use evolutionary and epidemiological analysis to estimate the timescale of CHIKV-ECSA-American lineage and its epidemiological patterns in Rio de Janeiro. We show that the CHIKV-ECSA outbreak in Rio de Janeiro derived from two distinct clades introduced from the Northeast region in mid-2015 (clade RJ1, n = 63/67 genomes from Rio de Janeiro) and mid-2017 (clade RJ2, n = 4/67). We detected evidence for positive selection in non-structural proteins linked with viral replication in the RJ1 clade (clade-defining: nsP4-A481D) and the RJ2 clade (nsP1-D351G). Finally, we estimate the CHIKV-ECSA’s basic reproduction number ( R 0 ) to be between 1.2 to 1.6 and show that its instantaneous reproduction number ( R t ) displays a strong seasonal pattern with peaks in transmission coinciding with periods of high Aedes aegypti transmission potential. Our results highlight the need for continued genomic and epidemiological surveillance of CHIKV in Brazil, particularly during periods of high ecological suitability, and show that selective pressures underline the emergence and evolution of the large urban CHIKV-ECSA outbreak in Rio de Janeiro.
ChemInform Abstract: MOLECULAR STRUCTURE OF μ‐PYRAZOLE‐BIS(η5‐CYCLOPENTADIENYL)TITANIUM(III), A DIMERIC TITANIUM(III) COMPOUND WITH A BRIDGING ORGANIC GROUP (1978)

Abstract Die Umsetzung von Pyrazol und Na in THF führt über das Na‐Salz von Pyrazol bei Reaktion mit Bis‐ [cyclopentadienyl]‐titanchlorid zu der Titelverbindung (I).
Synthesis and evaluation of [11C]MMPIP as a potential radioligand for imaging of metabotropic glutamate 7 receptor in the brain (2013)

Despite in vitro specific binding of [11C]MMPIP with mGlu7, visualization of mGlu7 in the living brain using PET was not successful. Development of new ligand candidates with higher affinity for mGlu7 is necessary.
Developing a Grounded Theory Model on Collaboration in Learning (2008)

The purpose of this research is to develop a grounded theory model to explain the factors influencing collaborative learning in higher education, the role of technology in facilitating collaboration, and the outcome of collaboration. We assigned 28 participants to small groups to work on course-related questions; half of the groups were face-to-face groups and the other half groups were collaborating in a simulated virtual environment with the aid of information technology. Interview data was collected and analyzed following the grounded theory approach. Congruent with distributed cognition theories, the results of our study suggest that both social and technological factors were important and interlocking. We also discussed the importance of designing learning technologies that have strong social and communications features.
Differential regulation of the stearoyl-CoA desaturase genes by thiazolidinediones in 3T3-L1 adipocytes (2000)

Two stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD) isoforms can be expressed during the differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes into adipocytes. Here we report on the effects of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma ligand troglitazone (TRO) on scd1 and scd2 mRNA levels as determined by Northern blotting, on SCD protein expression as determined by Western blotting, and on total lipid composition as determined by GC during differentiation. In preadipocytes, scd1 mRNA and SCD protein were not detected, whereas scd2 mRNA was detected. These cells have high levels of palmitate (16:0), stearate (18:0), and monounsaturated oleate (Delta(9)-18:1) and low levels of monounsaturated palmitoleate (Delta(9)-16:1). In MDI (methylisobutylxanthine, dexamethasone, and insulin)-treated cells, scd1 mRNA and SCD protein were increased approximately 100-fold relative to preadipocyte levels, the scd2 mRNA level was increased 2-fold, Delta(9)-16:1 was increased approximately 20-fold, and 18:0 was decreased approximately 3-fold. In TRO-treated cells, the scd1 mRNA level was lower than that observed in preadipocytes, while the scd2 mRNA level was similar. TRO also decreased scd1 mRNA in primary adipocytes. The TRO-treated cells contained a Delta(9)-18:1 level typical of MDI-treated cells whereas, conversely, these cells also contained a low Delta(9)-16:1 level typical of preadipocytes. The implications of these correlations for the regulatory and enzymatic mechanism(s) used to establish and maintain lipid composition are discussed.
[Atenolol in the treatment of angina pectoris]. (1979)

18 patients with angina pectoris participated in a double blind trial with atenolol (100 mg and 200 mg once daily, or 100 mg twice daily) and propranolol (80 mg twice daily). The number of anginal attacks (NAP), the number of days free of pain (NAFT), consumption of sublingual nitroglycerin (NNT) and bicycle ergometry data (EFE) were recorded. Atenolol given in a dose of 100 g twice daily significantly reduced NAP and NNT as compared with the other dose schedules for atenolol and propranolol. There was, however, no difference between NAFT and EFE under any of the treatment schedules mentioned above. Only with 100 mg atenolol twice daily was it possible to reduce heart rate at rest and immediately after exercise testing, and also diastolic blood pressure (at rest, upright and after stress testing). In spite of the long plasma T 1/2 (= 24 hours) reported by others, atenolol given twice daily seems to be the most effective schedule. It is concluded that atenolol (100 mg twice daily) has a more potent anti-anginal effect than propranolol (80 mg twice daily). In addition, atenolol has the advantage of being cardioselective.
Early Experiences in Cross‐Disciplinary Education in Biomedical Technology Innovation at Stanford University* (2001)

Abstract This paper describes two new educational programs at Stanford that address some of the unique issues in teaching medical technology innovation and design. The first is a team‐based medical device design and prototyping course that is based on clinical immersion and “hands‐on” device prototyping. Medical device innovation at Stanford is further encouraged by means of a series of university‐wide competitions, called Invention Challenges , to invent solutions to defined clinical problems with the potential for real‐world impact.
Introgression of pre-harvest sprouting resistance from hexaploid wheat into high yielding durum wheat germplasm (2022)

Pre-harvest sprouting (PHS) is a critical factor affecting wheat producing regions characterized by rainfall and high humidity combined with cool temperatures at harvest. This phenomenon is particularly important in durum wheat (Triticum durum L.), which is generally susceptible to PHS, in contrast to common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) which expresses better resistance. The transfer of PHS from hexaploid common wheat into tetraploid durum wheat germplasm is one option for genetic improvement, because the two species share two related sub-genomes. In the present study, through interspecific hybridization and modified backcross approaches, we developed experimental durum lines that showed greater PHS resistance than the recurrent durum wheat parent, with some expressing better PHS performance than the resistant common wheat donor. The introgression of PHS resistance did not negatively impact additional traits in the durum background and several backcross derived experimental lines expressed superior grain yield related and quality traits when compared with the recurrent parent. These lines represent a promising genetic resource for the development of new sprouting resistant durum wheat cultivars. Our results demonstrate that PHS resistance can be transferred from common wheat to improve PHS of durum wheat germplasm.
Content and Gel Filtration Profiles of Glucagon-Like and Somatostatin-Like Immunoreactivity in Human Fundic Mucosa (1983)

Biopsies from the fundic gastric mucosa of eight human subjects were extracted with acid-ethanol and analyzed for somatostatin- and glucagon-like immunoreactivity using region-specific RIAs. Five extracts were studied by gel filtration. The glucagon content was close to the detection limit in all extracts, and none of the known glucagon components could be identified by gel filtration. The concentration of somatostatin-like immunoreactivity was 17.4 +/- 2.0 pmol/g wet wt, and the immunoreactivity was distributed among four well defined peaks, two of which corresponded to somatostatin 1-14 and 1-28, respectively.
Cytosolic NADPH balancing in Penicillium chrysogenum cultivated on mixtures of glucose and ethanol (2010)

The in vivo flux through the oxidative branch of the pentose phosphate pathway (oxPPP) in Penicillium chrysogenum was determined during growth in glucose/ethanol carbon-limited chemostat cultures, at the same growth rate. Non-stationary (13)C flux analysis was used to measure the oxPPP flux. A nearly constant oxPPP flux was found for all glucose/ethanol ratios studied. This indicates that the cytosolic NADPH supply is independent of the amount of assimilated ethanol. The cofactor assignment in the model of van Gulik et al. (Biotechnol Bioeng 68(6):602-618, 2000) was supported using the published genome annotation of P. chrysogenum. Metabolic flux analysis showed that NADPH requirements in the cytosol remain nearly the same in these experiments due to constant biomass growth. Based on the cytosolic NADPH balance, it is known that the cytosolic aldehyde dehydrogenase in P. chrysogenum is NAD(+) dependent. Metabolic modeling shows that changing the NAD(+)-aldehyde dehydrogenase to NADP(+)-aldehyde dehydrogenase can increase the penicillin yield on substrate.
Gene-Wise Association of Variants in Four Lysosomal Storage Disorder Genes in Neuropathologically Confirmed Lewy Body Disease (2015)

Our study indicates that variants in GBA, SMPD1 and MCOLN1 are associated with LB pathology. Biochemical data comparing GBA mutation carrier to non-carriers support these findings, which have important implications for biomarker development and therapeutic strategies.
Abstract 16122: G6PD and CYP450 Enzyme Regulate Hematopoietic Stem Cell Biology: Implication to Pulmonary Artery Remodeling in Pulmonary Hypertension (2018)

Introduction: Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a multi-cellular disease with a high mortality rate. Some studies have incriminated and other studies have exonerated stem cells in the remodeling of pu...
Well-free agglomeration and on-demand three-dimensional cell cluster formation using guided surface acoustic waves through a couplant layer (2022)

Three-dimensional cell agglomerates are broadly useful in tissue engineering and drug testing. We report a well-free method to form large (1.4-mm) multicellular clusters using 100-MHz surface acoustic waves (SAW) without direct contact with the media or cells. A fluid couplant is used to transform the SAW into acoustic streaming in the cell-laden media held in a petri dish. The couplant transmits longitudinal sound waves, forming a Lamb wave in the petri dish that, in turn, produces longitudinal sound in the media. Due to recirculation, human embryonic kidney (HEK293) cells in the dish are carried to the center of the coupling location, forming a cluster in less than 10 min. A few minutes later, these clusters may then be translated and merged to form large agglomerations, and even repeatedly folded to produce a roughly spherical shape of over 1.4 mm in diameter for incubation-without damaging the existing intercellular bonds. Calcium ion signaling through these clusters and confocal images of multiprotein junctional complexes suggest a continuous tissue construct: intercellular communication. They may be formed at will, and the method is feasibly useful for formation of numerous agglomerates in a single petri dish.