gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Familial hyperglycerolemia. (1978)

A 70-yr-old mildly diabetic white male was discovered to have an elevated level of serum free glycerol in the range of 75 mg/dl and to excrete about 13 g of free glycerol in the urine per 24 h. During a 24-h fast the urine glycerol loss increased to 21.5 g per 24 h. Studies carried out in vitro using leukocytes prepared from the patient's blood which were incubated with [14C]glycerol demonstrated an almost complete absence of glycerol oxidation to 14CO2 and of glycerol phosphorylation, in contrast to control studies with leukocytes collected from normal subjects. Homogenates of the patient's leukocytes contained negligible activity of ATP:glycerol phosphotransferase (glycerokinase EC 2.7.1.30) as measured by a direct spectrophotometric method. Marked hyperglycerolemia has thus far been detected in one brother and in one son of the daughter of this patient. This evidence suggests an x-linked recessive inheritance pattern of the trait. There is a high prevalence of diabetes mellitus in this family.
[Congenital brain tumors in children under 1 year old]. (1983)

Secondary, paraventricular and, less frequently, primary tumors of the lateral and third ventricles usually of supratentorial localization prevailed among congenital tumors of the brain. They impair the drainage of cerebrospinal fluid and cause internal hydrocephalus. The clinical picture of congenital cerebral tumors is characterized by a manifest hypertensive-hydrocephalic syndrome and a severe general condition. The neurological symptomatics, the EEG and the Echo-EG usually yielded exact information on internal hydrocephalus but rarely helped in determining the localization and character of the tumor. Pneumoventriculography, angiography, computer tomography, and radioisotope diagnosis were methods which provided the most information. Pneumoventriculography, however, causes many complications and the method of isotope diagnosis and computer tomography is therefore preferable because it is sparing and safe for the use in children of the first year of life.
Virtual Absorption/Gain through Time Modulation (2020)

Virtual perfect absorption is the effect in which the reflection from a reactive loss-less load is canceled due to appropriate shaping of the impinging signal or time-modulation of the load, resulting in transfer of the signal to the load in the form of stored energy. As a result, the load appears lossy, although it does not contain any lossy elements. Here, we present a simple circuit based on a time-modulated inductor and capacitor that exhibits a real effective impedance, either positive or negative, thereby providing virtual loss or gain. We also show how the same circuit can also realize time-varying positive/negative effective impedances. Quite importantly, the required modulation is adiabatic, making it easier to realize than other approaches. We expect that these results will be useful in the design of parity-time symmetric systems and photonics topological insulators.
Nebulised surface-active hybrid nanoparticles of voriconazole for pulmonary Aspergillosis demonstrate clathrin-mediated cellular uptake, improved antifungal efficacy and lung retention (2021)

Nebulized LPH NPs were observed as a promising solution to provide effective and safe therapy for the management of pulmonary aspergillosis infection with improved patient compliance and avoidance of systemic side-effects.
Molecular Methods Fire Up the Hunt for Emerging Pathogens (1998)

INFECTIOUS DISEASEIdentifying microbes that have recently begun to attack human hosts, or so-called emerging pathogens, has been hampered by the fact that many organisms can't be found by the traditional means of identifying a microorganism--culturing it in petri dishes and test tubes. The Unexplained Illness Working Group, created by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in 1994, has been leading the campaign to apply genetic techniques to the hunt for these microbes, serving both as an early warning system for dangerous microbes and as a focal point for research on new tests. And this effort comes not a moment too soon: According to surveys carried out over the past few years by the working group and other collaborators, in up to 14% of deaths caused by infection in people between the ages of 1 and 49, no known microbe could be identified as the culprit.
SwabExpress: An end-to-end protocol for extraction-free COVID-19 testing (2020)

SwabExpress is a simplified workflow that facilitates scaled testing for COVID-19 without sacrificing test performance. It may serve as a template for the simplification of PCR-based clinical laboratory tests, particularly in times of critical shortages during pandemics.
Effects of a Thermal Accelerant Gel on Microwave Ablation Zone Volumes in Lung: A Porcine Study (2019)

Background Thermal ablation of cancers may be associated with high rates of local tumor progression. A thermal accelerant gel has been developed to improve the transmission of microwave energy in biologic tissues with the aim of enlarging the thermal ablation zone. Purpose To determine the effects of a thermal accelerant gel on microwave ablation zone volumes in porcine lung and to compare percutaneous and endobronchial delivery methods. Materials and Methods Thirty-two consecutive microwave lung ablations were performed in nine 12-week-old domestic male swine under general anesthesia by using fluoroscopic guidance between September 2017 and April 2018. Experimental ablations were performed following percutaneous injection of thermal accelerant into the lung (<i>n</i> = 16) or after endobronchial injection by using a flexible bronchoscope (<i>n</i> = 8). Control ablations were performed without accelerant gel (<i>n</i> = 8). Lung tissue was explanted after the animals were killed, and ablation zone volumes were calculated as the primary outcome measure by using triphenyltetrazolium chloride vital staining. Differences in treatment volumes were analyzed by generalized mixed modeling. Results Thermal accelerant ablation zone volumes were larger than control ablations (accelerant vs control ablation, 4.3 cm<sup>3</sup> [95% confidence interval: 3.4, 5.5] vs 2.1 cm<sup>3</sup> [95% confidence interval: 1.4, 2.9], respectively; <i>P</i> < .001). Among ablations with the thermal accelerant, those performed following percutaneous injection had a larger average ablation zone volume than those performed following endobronchial injection (percutaneous vs endobronchial, 4.8 cm<sup>3</sup> [95% confidence interval: 3.6, 6.4] vs 3.3 cm<sup>3</sup> [95% confidence interval: 2.9, 3.8], respectively; <i>P</i> = .03). Ablation zones created after endobronchial gel injection were more uniform in size distribution (standard error, percutaneous vs endobronchial: 0.13 vs 0.07, respectively; <i>P</i> = .03). Conclusion Use of thermal accelerant results in larger microwave ablation zone volumes in normal porcine lung tissue. Percutaneous thermal accelerant injection leads to a larger ablation zone volume compared with endobronchial injection, whereas a more homogeneous and precise ablation zone size is observed by using the endobronchial approach. © RSNA, 2019 See also the editorial by Goldberg in this issue.
Conservative mutations in the C2 domains of factor VIII and factor V alter phospholipid binding and cofactor activity (2012)

Factor VIII and factor V share structural homology and bind to phospholipid membranes via tandem, lectin-like C domains. Their respective C2 domains bind via 2 pairs of hydrophobic amino acids and an amphipathic cluster. In contrast, the factor V-like, homologous subunit (Pt-FV) of a prothrombin activator from Pseudonaja textilis venom is reported to function without membrane binding. We hypothesized that the distinct membrane-interactive amino acids of these proteins contribute to the differing membrane-dependent properties. We prepared mutants in which the C2 domain hydrophobic amino acid pairs were changed to the homologous residues of the other protein and a factor V mutant with 5 amino acids changed to those from Pt-FV (FV(MTTS/Y)). Factor VIII mutants were active on additional membrane sites and had altered apparent affinities for factor X. Some factor V mutants, including FV(MTTS/Y), had increased membrane interaction and apparent membrane-independent activity that was the result of phospholipid retained during purification. Phospholipid-free FV(MTTS/Y) showed increased activity, particularly a 10-fold increase in activity on membranes lacking phosphatidylserine. The reduced phosphatidylserine requirement correlated to increased activity on resting and stimulated platelets. We hypothesize that altered membrane binding contributes to toxicity of Pt-FV.
Ring‐Closing Metathesis in Biphasic BMI×PF6 Ionic Liquid/Toluene Medium: A Powerful Recyclable and Environmentally Friendly Process. (2005)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Electrospun Coaxial Nanofibers for Flexible Strain Sensing in Smart Textile (2019)

Flexible strain sensors are key elements for many developing wearable electronic devices to monitor human activity. H. Here we are presenting an approach for the fabrication of strain-sensitive nanofiber threads utilizing an electrospinning process. A core-shell nanofibers, where a conductive core is automatically covered by an insulating layer, were produced from polyvinylidene fluoride as a base material and carbon nanotubes as a conductive filler. The nanocomposite core exhibits strong resistive strain-gauge response. We further demonstrate the possibility of incorporating the synthesized material onto fabric and utilizing a simple interface for detecting human movements. The presented technique of strain-sensitive material fabrication is simple and could be applied to many areas including the development of smart textile.
Caspase-8 Regulates Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress-Induced Necroptosis Independent of the Apoptosis Pathway in Auditory Cells (2019)

The aim of this study is to elucidate the detailed mechanism of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-induced auditory cell death based on the function of the initiator caspases and molecular complex of necroptosis. Here, we demonstrated that ER stress initiates not only caspase-9-dependent intrinsic apoptosis along with caspase-3, but also receptor-interacting serine/threonine kinase (RIPK)1-dependent necroptosis in auditory cells. We observed the ultrastructural characteristics of both apoptosis and necroptosis in tunicamycin-treated cells under transmission electron microscopy (TEM). We demonstrated that ER stress-induced necroptosis was dependent on the induction of RIPK1, negatively regulated by caspase-8 in auditory cells. Our data suggested that ER stress-induced intrinsic apoptosis depends on the induction of caspase-9 along with caspase-3 in auditory cells. The results of this study reveal that necroptosis could exist for the alternative backup cell death route of apoptosis in auditory cells under ER stress. Interestingly, our data results in a surge in the recognition that therapies aimed at the inner ear protection effect by caspase inhibitors like zVAD-fmk might arrest apoptosis but can also have the unanticipated effect of promoting necroptosis. Thus, RIPK1-dependent necroptosis would be a new therapeutic target for the treatment of sensorineural hearing loss due to ER stress.
High prevalence of cytotoxin positive Helicobacter pylori in patients unrelated to the presence of peptic ulcers in Japan (1997)

The western blot method using recombinant VacA protein is simple and useful for detecting antibody to vacuolating cytotoxin. This method showed antibodies against cytotoxin were highly prevalent, even in subjects with endoscopically normal mucosa in Japan, indicating that the cytotoxin may not be an independent cause of gastrointestinal diseases induced by H pylori infection.
A mosaic monoploid reference sequence for the highly complex genome of sugarcane (2018)

Sugarcane (Saccharum spp.) is a major crop for sugar and bioenergy production. Its highly polyploid, aneuploid, heterozygous, and interspecific genome poses major challenges for producing a reference sequence. We exploited colinearity with sorghum to produce a BAC-based monoploid genome sequence of sugarcane. A minimum tiling path of 4660 sugarcane BAC that best covers the gene-rich part of the sorghum genome was selected based on whole-genome profiling, sequenced, and assembled in a 382-Mb single tiling path of a high-quality sequence. A total of 25,316 protein-coding gene models are predicted, 17% of which display no colinearity with their sorghum orthologs. We show that the two species, S. officinarum and S. spontaneum, involved in modern cultivars differ by their transposable elements and by a few large chromosomal rearrangements, explaining their distinct genome size and distinct basic chromosome numbers while also suggesting that polyploidization arose in both lineages after their divergence.
Controlled test for predictive power of Lyapunov exponents: Their inability to predict epileptic seizures (2004)

Lyapunov exponents are a set of fundamental dynamical invariants characterizing a system's sensitive dependence on initial conditions. For more than a decade, it has been claimed that the exponents computed from electroencephalogram (EEG) or electrocorticogram (ECoG) signals can be used for prediction of epileptic seizures minutes or even tens of minutes in advance. The purpose of this paper is to examine the predictive power of Lyapunov exponents. Three approaches are employed. (1) We present qualitative arguments suggesting that the Lyapunov exponents generally are not useful for seizure prediction. (2) We construct a two-dimensional, nonstationary chaotic map with a parameter slowly varying in a range containing a crisis, and test whether this critical event can be predicted by monitoring the evolution of finite-time Lyapunov exponents. This can thus be regarded as a "control test" for the claimed predictive power of the exponents for seizure. We find that two major obstacles arise in this application: statistical fluctuations of the Lyapunov exponents due to finite time computation and noise from the time series. We show that increasing the amount of data in a moving window will not improve the exponents' detective power for characteristic system changes, and that the presence of small noise can ruin completely the predictive power of the exponents. (3) We report negative results obtained from ECoG signals recorded from patients with epilepsy. All these indicate firmly that, the use of Lyapunov exponents for seizure prediction is practically impossible as the brain dynamical system generating the ECoG signals is more complicated than low-dimensional chaotic systems, and is noisy.
Engineering of the band gap and optical properties of thin films of yttrium hydride (2014)

Thin films of oxygen-containing yttrium hydride show photochromic effect at room temperature. In this work, we have studied structural and optical properties of the films deposited at different deposition pressures, discovering the possibility of engineering the optical band gap by variation of the oxygen content. In sum, the transparency of the films and the wavelength range of photons triggering the photochromic effect can be controlled by variation of the deposition pressure.
Autochthonous intestine bacteria used as microbial feed additives confer some protection to Senegalese sole with the infectious agent Photobacterium damselae sp. piscicida (2018)

Trabajo presentado en el 18th International Symposium on Fish Nutrition and Feeding (ISFNF), celebrado en Las Palmas de Gran Canaria (España), del 3 al 07 de junio de 2018
Recombinant Interferon Beta Gel as an Adjuvant in the Treatment of Recurrent Genital Warts: Results of a Placebo-Controlled Double-Blind Study in 120 Patients (1998)

Topical application of gel containing 0.15 x 10(6) IU/g recombinant IFN-beta is safe and appears to reduce the recurrence of CA after surgical treatment.
Disparities in detection of antibodies against hepatitis E virus in US blood donor samples using commercial assays (2018)

Although similar percentages of IgG anti-HEV/total anti-HEV detection were observed across the three commercial assays, each assay detected a unique sample subpopulation and was heteroskedastic when compared pairwise. Discordance was higher among anti-HEV IgM assays, but a recent HEV infection rate of at least 0.18% was estimated based on assay concordance.
Antibodies to TSH-receptor in thyroid autoimmune disease interact with monoclonal antibodies whose epitopes are broadly distributed on the receptor (2004)

The hyperthyroidism of Graves' disease (GD) is caused by TSH-receptor (TSH-R) stimulating autoantibodies (TSAb), leading to overproduction of thyroid hormones. We present evidence for TSAb interaction with three distinct regions of the TSH-R, one in immediate vicinity of the carboxy terminal serpentine. Three murine monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs 28.1, A9 and 31.7) directed to amino acids 36-40, 147-228 and 382-415 were labelled and tested for their binding to human recombinant TSH-R on solid phase. All MoAbs bound to TSH-R with a K(d) of 8-12 nm and showed no competition among themselves. We tested 114 sera from euthyroid controls, 118 TBII positive sera from patients with GD (containing TSAb confirmed by bioassays), 16 TBII positive sera from patients with autoimmune thyroid disease (AIT), who were hypothyroid and had TSH blocking antibodies (TBAb), and 20 patients with AIT, who were hypothyroid but negative for all TRAb. Mid-regional MoAb A9 tracer achieved the highest sensitivity in the GD group (72.0%), whereas C-terminal MoAb 31.7 found most sera positive in the AIT group (87.5%). Surprisingly, the N-terminal MoAb 28.1 had the lowest sensitivity in the GD (10.4%) and AIT group (43.8%). Using a mixture of all three tracer MoAbs did not increase the sensitivity in the GD or AIT group, compared to the best single MoAb alone. Median inhibition of MoAb A9 was significantly (P < 0.001) higher than inhibition of MoAbs 28.1 or 31.7 in the group of GD patients but not in other groups. Almost all patient sera with positive reactivity in the MoAb tracer assays had TBII values in the higher range. However, there were many highly TBII positive sera, which did not show a displacement of the MoAb tracers. We conclude that, contrary to some reports, the binding of TSAb and TBAb to the TSH-R is not restricted to distinct and distant epitopes. The middle part of the TSH-R seems to be more relevant for TSAb binding than the N-terminal part, while a proportion of TSAb autoantibodies also binds to a C-terminal epitope of the TSH-R. The method described here is a TSH independent competitive assay for the detection of TSH-R autoantibodies.
An Image Contrast Enhancement Algorithm Using PLIP-Based Histogram Modification (2017)

Contrast enhancement is an important tool for producing informative and visually pleasing images. However,conventional image contrast enhancement methods often sufferfrom the drawback of excessive enhancement. In this paper we propose a new image contrast enhancement algorithm. It embeds PLIP operations into a robust histogram modification framework.Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm can effectively enhance image contrast while preventing excessive enhancement.
With or Without You: Co-chaperones Mediate Health and Disease by Modifying Chaperone Function and Protein Triage (2021)

Heat shock proteins (HSPs) are a family of molecular chaperones that regulate essential protein refolding and triage decisions to maintaining protein homeostasis. Numerous co-chaperone proteins directly interact and modify the function of HSPs, and these interactions impact the outcome of protein triage, impacting everything from structural proteins to cell signaling mediators. The chaperone/co-chaperone machinery protects against various stressors to ensuring cellular function in the face of stress. However, coding mutations, expression changes, and post-translational modifications of the chaperone/co-chaperone machinery can alter the cellular stress response. Importantly, these dysfunctions appear to contribute to numerous human diseases. Therapeutic targeting of chaperones is an attractive but challenging approach due to the vast functions of HSPs, likely contributing to the off-target effects of these therapies. Current efforts focus on targeting co-chaperones to develop precise treatments for numerous diseases caused by defects in protein quality control. This review focuses on the recent developments regarding selected HSP70/HSP90 co-chaperones, focusing on cardioprotection, neuroprotection, and cancer. We also discuss therapeutic approaches that highlight both the utility and challenges of targeting co-chaperones.
Image guided operating robot: a clinical application in stereotactic neurosurgery (2003)

Describes a system based on the combined use of medical imaging and robot positioning used in stereotactic neurosurgery. The types of interventions performed with the help of this system require a high precision (less than 1 millimeter) of positioning with respect to the patients brain with no direct visibility of the target; they are executed through a hole in the skull of 2.3 millimeters. A typical example is the placement of a stimulating electrode in a particular nucleus of the thalamus for patients suffering from Parkinson's disease. These interventions rely on the intensive use of medical imaging to define the operative strategy. The target is defined with respect to the images. A six-axis robot whose end-effector is a linear guide automatically reaches a configuration generated such that if the surgical instrument (needle, electrode, etc.) is introduced in the guide, the surgeon reaches the target using a linear displacement of the instrument. This system is operational and is in routine clinical use.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Long‐term outcomes for patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia who discontinue ibrutinib (2017)

Ibrutinib discontinuation was observed during therapy. Patients with CLL who had disease transformation had especially poor outcomes, whereas those who developed progressive disease during ibrutinib therapy had a median survival of <1.5 years. Survival was associated with the reason for discontinuation; patients who had progressive CLL had better survival compared with those who had disease transformation. Effective salvage strategies for patients with CLL who progress on ibrutinib therapy is of critical importance. Cancer 2017;123:2268-2273. © 2017 American Cancer Society.
ChemInform Abstract: Design and Synthesis of Heterocyclic Carboxamides as Natural Nucleic Acid Base Mimics. (1996)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Comparing PRAs with operating experience (1998)

Probabilistic Risk Assessment is widely used to estimate the frequencies of rare events, such as nuclear power plant accidents. An obvious question concerns the extent to which PRAs conform to operating experience--that is, do PRAs agree with reality? The authors discuss a formal methodology to address this issue and examine its performance using plant-specific data.
Mouse models of psoriasis and their relevance (2017)

Psoriasis is an inflammatory skin disorder that includes dynamic interactions between the immune system and skin and is clinically characterized by keratinocyte proliferation and distinct inflammatory cell infiltrates. Cross-talk between keratinocytes and immunocytes is essential for the development of psoriasis given that it mediates the production of cytokines, chemokines and growth factors. To resolve the pathogenesis of psoriasis, numerous experimental animal models have been generated. In this review, we discuss recent findings from mouse models, their relevancy to psoriasis and use, including the discovery of new therapies.