gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
ID:4007 Immune-cell base for cancer therapy (2017)

The development of immune cell-based approaches for treatment of cancer has been actively investigated for many years. One strategy that has been demonstrated as an effective method for cancer treatment is adoptive T cell therapy. The principle of this method is using Cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL), a crucial component of the adaptive immune system that aids in the control of intracellular pathogens. Effector CTL have the capacity to promote the apoptotic death of specifically targeted cells, using a combination of granule (perforin/granzyme)-and receptor (Fas/tumor necrosis factor)-mediated mechanisms. CTL recognize specific antigen on target cells using an unique T-cell receptor (TCR) when they are presented by class I major histocompatibility (MHC) molecules. In this study, we demonstrated that T lymphocytes were activated and dramatically expanded by stimulation with anti-CD3/CD28 antibodies and culture in the present of IL-2, IL-15 and IL-21 cytokines. These T cells exhibited a predominantly activated phenotype as manifested by an increase in the percentage of cells expressing CD8 and generation of various cytokines such as IL-2, INFγ and TNFa. These findings indicate that stimulation by anti- CD3/CD28 generated effector CTL in adoptive T-cell therapy for cancer.
The Opposite Pole Quadrilateral as a Compatibility Linkage for Parameterizing the Center Point Curve (1993)

In planar four-position kinematics, the centers of circles containing four positions of a point in a moving rigid body form the center point curve. This curve can be parameterized by analyzing a “compatibility linkage” obtained from a complex number formulation of the four-position problem. In this paper, we present another derivation of the center point curve using a special form of dual quaternions and the fact that it is identical to the pole curve. The defining properties of the pole curve lead to a parameterization by kinematic analysis of the opposite pole quadrilateral as a four-bar linkage. Thus the opposite pole quadrilateral becomes the compatibility linkage. This derivation generalizes to provide parameterizations for the center point cone of spherical kinematics and the central axis congruence of spatial kinematic theory.
The Rubber Hand Illusion in Healthy Younger and Older Adults (2017)

Percepts about our body's position in space and about body ownership are informed by multisensory feedback from visual, proprioceptive, and tactile inputs. The Rubber Hand Illusion (RHI) is a multisensory illusion that is induced when an observer sees a rubber hand being stroked while they feel their own, spatially displaced, and obstructed hand being stroked. When temporally synchronous, the visual-tactile interactions can create the illusion that the rubber hand belongs to the observer and that the observer's real hand is shifted in position towards the rubber hand. Importantly, little is understood about whether these multisensory perceptions of the body change with older age. Thus, in this study we implemented a classic RHI protocol (synchronous versus asynchronous stroking) with healthy younger (18-35) and older (65+) adults and measured the magnitude of proprioceptive drift and the subjective experience of body ownership. As an adjunctive objective measure, skin temperature was recorded to evaluate whether decreases in skin temperature were associated with illusory percepts, as has been shown previously. The RHI was observed for both age groups with respect to increased drift and higher ratings of ownership following synchronous compared to asynchronous stroking. Importantly, no effects of age and no interactions between age and condition were observed for either of these outcome measures. No effects were observed for skin temperature. Overall, these results contribute to an emerging field of research investigating the conditions under which age-related differences in multisensory integration are observed by providing insights into the role of visual, proprioceptive, and tactile inputs on bodily percepts.
Photonic time-stretch: applications to ultrafast spectroscopy and real-time imaging (2019)

International audience
Sleep and Wake in Rhythmic versus Arrhythmic Chronotypes of a Microphthalmic Species of African Mole Rat (Fukomys mechowii) (2011)

The giant Zambian mole rat (Fukomys mechowii) is a subterranean Afrotropical rodent noted for its regressed visual system and unusual patterns of circadian rhythmicity--within this species some individuals exhibit distinct regular circadian patterns of locomotor activity while others have arrhythmic circadian patterns. The current study was aimed at understanding whether differences in circadian chronotypes in this species affect the patterns and proportions of the different phases of the sleep-wake cycle. Physiological parameters of sleep (electroencephalogram and electromyogram) and behaviour (video recording) were recorded continuously for 72 h from 6 mole rats (3 rhythmic and 3 arrhythmic) using a telemetric system and a low-light CCTV camera connected to a DVD recorder. The results indicate that the arrhythmic individuals spend more time in waking with a longer average duration of a waking episode, less time in non-rapid eye movement (NREM) with a shorter average duration of an NREM episode though a greater NREM sleep intensity, and similar sleep cycle lengths. The time spent in rapid eye movement (REM) and the average duration of an REM episode were similar between the chronotypes.
Percutaneous Common Carotid Artery Access for Pediatric Interventional Cardiac Catheterization (2016)

PCA is safe even in small infants, and hemostasis can be achieved without surgical repair, with a carotid patency rate superior to published data after surgical cutdown. Surgical cutdown is not routinely required for pediatric cardiac catheterization via the carotid artery.
Iterative SPECT Reconstruction Using Matched Filtering for Improved Image Quality (2006)

SPECT images reconstructed from low count studies suffer either from high noise or poor resolution. We have developed an iterative reconstruction with matched filtering (IRMF) to control image noise while maintaining higher image resolution. IRMF involves filtering the measured projection and re-projection during iterative reconstruction with the same low-pass filter before the two are compared to generate an error projection. Another low-pass filter can be applied to the error projection before it is backprojected to update the current activity distribution estimate. The method is validated with a cardiac phantom filled with a clinical distribution of Tc-99m. A 1-second-per-frame scan was acquired to mimic a single gated segment. The image was reconstructed using ordered-subset expectation-maximization (OSEM) algorithm with depth-dependent resolution recovery. Reconstructions of similar spatial resolution with post-reconstruction Butterworth filtering (OSEM+F) and with matched filtering are compared visually and via standard deviation (SD) and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) measurements. Results: Images reconstructed with IRMF show strong noise suppression in both the myocardium and background areas as compared to those reconstructed with OSEM+F. The SD in the background is reduced by ~30%, and the SNR is improved by ~100%. IRMF significantly improves image quality by suppressing noise in low count SPECT studies while maintaining higher image resolution.
Model Predictive Control for Single-Phase NPC Converters Based on Optimal Switching Sequences (2016)

In this paper, a model predictive control (MPC) based on optimal switching sequences (OSSs) for a single-phase grid-connected full-bridge neutral-point-clampled (NPC) power converter is presented. The predictive control algorithm is formulated in terms of OSSs, which was originally proposed to govern three-phase power converters. In this paper, the OSS concept is extended to control single-phase power converters. The proposed MPC algorithm belongs to the continuous control set MPC and is able to provide fixed switching frequency while handling system constraints. The proposed algorithm has been experimentally tested in an NPC power converter prototype. Experimental results show the desired fixed switching behavior in the steady-state condition and the intrinsic fast dynamic provided by MPC during transients. Furthermore, the test outcomes demonstrate the robustness of the proposed controller under large system parameter deviations.
Influence of the base and diluent methacrylate monomers on the polymerization stress and its determinants (2011)

Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the association between bisphenol‐A diglycidyl dimethacrylate (BisGMA) or its ethoxylated version (BisEMA) with diluents derived from the ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA), with increasing number of ethylene glycol units (1: EGDMA, 2: DEGDMA, 3: TEGDMA, or 4: TETGDMA), or trimethylol propane trimethacrylate (TMPTMA) or 1,10‐decanediol dimethacrylate (D 3 MA) on polymerization stress, volumetric shrinkage, degree of conversion, maximum rate of polymerization ( Rp max ), and elastic modulus of experimental composites. BisGMA containing formulations presented lower shrinkage and stress but higher modulus and Rp max than those containing BisEMA. TMPTMA presented the lowest stress among all diluents, as a result of lower conversion. EGDMA, DEGDMA, TEGDMA, and TETGDMA presented similar polymerization stress which was higher than the stress presented by D 3 MA and TMPTMA. D 3 MA presented similar conversion when copolymerized with both base monomers. The other diluents presented higher conversion when associated with BisEMA. EGDMA showed similar shrinkage compared with DEGDMA and higher than the other diluents. The lower conversion achieved by TMPTMA did not jeopardize its elastic modulus, similar to the other diluents. Despite the similar conversion presented by D 3 MA in comparison with EGDMA and DEGDMA, its lower elastic modulus may limit its use. Rather than proposing new materials, this study provides a systematic evaluation of off the shelf monomers and their effects on stress development, as highlighted by the analysis of conversion, shrinkage and modulus, to aid the optimization of commercially available materials. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
Spotted Custom Lenses to Tailor the Divergence of Vertical-Cavity Surface-Emitting Lasers (2010)

We demonstrate the output beam collimation of GaAs-based vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers by means of self-aligned polymer microlenses deposited on SU-8 pedestals using a cantilever-based spotter. We show that this fabrication technique ensures a reproducible lens shape because the contact angle and the deposited volume are constant for a given surface. Device properties are presented and compared to optical beam propagation modeling results. We demonstrate that the final beam divergence is only controlled by pedestal design parameters and can be reduced with this method by a factor 10 (to 1.2° for single-mode devices) with no significant lasing performance modification.
Global transcriptomic profiling in barramundi (Lates calcarifer) from rivers impacted by differing agricultural land uses (2016)

Most catchments discharging into the Great Barrier Reef lagoon have elevated loads of suspended sediment, nutrients, and pesticides, including photosystem II inhibiting herbicides, associated with upstream agricultural land use. To investigate potential impacts of declining water quality on fish physiology, RNA sequencing (RNASeq) was used to characterize and compare the hepatic transcriptomes of barramundi (Lates calcarifer) captured from 2 of these tropical river catchments in Queensland, Australia. The Daintree and Tully Rivers differ in upstream land uses, as well as sediment, nutrient, and pesticide loads, with the area of agricultural land use and contaminant loads lower in the Daintree. In fish collected from the Tully River, transcripts involved in fatty acid metabolism, amino acid metabolism, and citrate cycling were also more abundant, suggesting elevated circulating cortisol concentrations, whereas transcripts involved in immune responses were less abundant. Fish from the Tully also had an increased abundance of transcripts associated with xenobiotic metabolism. Previous laboratory-based studies observed similar patterns in fish and amphibians exposed to the agricultural herbicide atrazine. If these transcriptomic patterns are manifested at the whole organism level, the differences in water quality between the 2 rivers may alter fish growth and fitness. Environ Toxicol Chem 2017;36:103-112. © 2016 SETAC.
Electrically controlled focusing of proteins and ampholytes between two modified electrolytes. Computer simulation. (1994)

Properties of the focusing in simple electrolyte systems using four-pole electrophoretic capillary column was evaluated by a computer simulation. Simulated concentration, pH and conductivity profiles confirm the previous experimentally observed features of the technique, i.e., high concentration capabilities, separation of the ampholytes and proteins into individual adjacent zones, sharp profile of zones and presence of only background electrolyte in the zone. Moreover, the influence of the magnitude of the solvolytic fluxes on the position of the zones in the column is demonstrated.
Organoids (2022)

Organoids are simple tissue-engineered cell-based in vitro models that recapitulate many aspects of the complex structure and function of the corresponding in vivo tissue. They can be dissected and interrogated for fundamental mechanistic studies on development, regeneration and repair in human tissues, and can also be used in diagnostics, disease modelling, drug discovery and personalized medicine. Organoids are derived from either pluripotent or tissue-resident stem (embryonic or adult) or progenitor or differentiated cells from healthy or diseased tissues, such as tumours. To date, numerous organoid engineering strategies that support organoid culture and growth, proliferation, differentiation and maturation have been reported. This Primer highlights the rationale underlying the selection and development of these materials and methods to control the cellular/tissue niche; and therefore, the structure and function of the engineered organoid. We also discuss key considerations for generating robust organoids, such as those related to cell isolation and seeding, matrix and soluble factor selection, physical cues and integration. The general standards for data quality, reproducibility and deposition within the organoid community are also outlined. Lastly, we conclude by elaborating on the limitations of organoids in different applications, and the key priorities in organoid engineering for the coming years.
Review on research studies and monitoring system applied to cetaceans in the gulf of taranto (northern ionian sea, central-eastern mediterranean sea) (2017)

We live in the era of the fourth industrial revolution, where everything - from small objects to entire factories-is smart and connected, and we are also strongly accustomed to comforts and services, but emergent questions are arising. What are the consequences of human activities on terrestrial and aquatic/marine systems? And how does the loss of biodiversity alter the integrity and functioning of ecosystems? It is reasonable to assert that there are correlations between the anthropic pressure and degradation of natural habitats and loss in biodiversity. In fact, the alteration of ecosystem structure affects ecosystem services and resilience, the level of perturbation that an ecosystem can withstand without shifting to an alternative status providing fewer benefits to humans [1]. To that regards, the research studies on cetacean species distribution and conservation status along with their habitats can give an idea of the current impact of human pressure on marine biodiversity and its ecosystem services, being both dolphins and whales key species in the marine food webs. However, although the inherent complexity of food-web dynamics often makes difficult to investigate and quantify the role of marine mammals in the ecosystem [2], the challenge to investigate their ecological significance is leading and highly informative when facing human induced environmental changes from local to global scales. For this reason, dedicated research activities have been performed in the last years to standardize the best practices for sampling and collecting scientific relevant information on the cetaceans in the Gulf of Taranto (Northern Ionian Sea in the Central-Eastern Mediterranean Sea) [3, 4, 5, 6]. Standardized scientific protocols and technological innovations have been brought by integrating interdisciplinary approaches: a genetic study on dolphin's social structure, an automated photo-identification, assisted by intelligent unsupervised algorithms and the study of acoustic signals. Finally, education and citizen science were applied as fundamental to raise awareness on the need of marine environmental protection among the active population, from children to adults.
Energy efficient solar based digital electronic weighing machine (2014)

The aim of proposed system is to develop an energy efficient digital electronic weighing machine which operates with the help of solar PV panel. This system describes the design and implementation of energy efficient, low cost and portable solar powered digital electronic weighing system. The system has highly reduced circuitry as it utilizes a standalone microcontroller chip. As this machine does not use the electricity to charge, it saves the electrical energy. This article gives a detailed weighing controller design method. This system introduces the design and realization of automatic weighing system based on 8-bit high-precision PIC Controller. From hardware design and software design the paper introduces the interface circuit design between weighting sensor and PIC controller together with the application. The working principal of the emergency light circuit depends upon the status of light dependent register (LDR). When light dependent register is on that time emergency circuit is off and when light dependent register is off that time emergency circuit is on. The system designed measures weights ranging from 0-40 kg.
[Phytochemical and pharmacological progress on humulane-type sesquiterpenoids]. (2018)

Humulane-type sesquiterpenoids, widely distributed in plants and microbes, include three types: α-humulene, β-humulene, and γ-humulene. Up to now, 98 humulane-type sesquiterpenoids have been reported, which possessed anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and antiviral activities. Herein, this paper describes their chemical constituents and pharmacological activities, hoping to bring benefits for further research and lay a foundation for investigating the structure-activity relationships.
Analysis of spectral shape of the optical properties of heart tissue in connection with myocardial RF ablation therapy in the visible and NIR region (2002)

The optical properties of pig heart tissue were measured after in-vivo ablation therapy. In-vitro samples were subjected to measurements with an optically integrating sphere set-up in the region 470 - 900 nm. The changes, e.g. a 50% increase in scattering, could serve as a basis for a simple detection method to guide the therapy.
Functional Characterization of Mouse Syndecan-1 Promoter (1996)

The members of the syndecan family are temporally and spatially expressed heparan sulfate proteoglycans of various tissues, where they mediate extracellular influences on cell morphology and behavior. Functional characterization of the mouse syndecan-1 promoter was carried out in order to elucidate the mechanisms involved in the maintenance of the high transcription levels of syndecan-1 gene in various epithelia. For that 9.5 kilobase pairs of the upstream region of mouse syndecan-1 gene were cloned, sequenced, and used to prepare chimaeric constructs with a reporter gene followed by transient or stable transfections into NMuMG cells, cultured either in the presence or absence of serum, the 2.5-kilobase pair promoter region resulted in the constitutive transcription activity, whereas in 3T3 cells the serum depletion decreased the promoter activity significantly. Deletion of the upstream sequences to -437 base pairs relative to the translation initiation site had little effect on this promoter activity. Further deletion to -365 base pairs removed three GT boxes and slightly increased the promoter activity, whereas the deletion of the next two GC boxes (to -326 base pair) reduced the promoter activity dramatically. All of the GC or GT box sequences bound the same set of Sp1-like nuclear protein in gel shift assays. Nuclear protein binding was also demonstrated around both of the most intense transcription initiation sites. Mutation of these regions separately resulted in total loss of transcription initiation from the deleted site and decreased the promoter activity in relation to the intensity of the abolished start site. This indicates that the transcription initiation of the syndecan-1 gene is directed through initiator-like elements directly overlapping the start sites, as shown for several TATA-less housekeeping and growth regulated genes. We assume that the constitutive high level gene expression in epithelial cells is achieved by the proximal promoter, which is controlled by members of Sp1 transcription factor family.
Detection of high-energy cosmic ray showers by atmospheric fluorescence. (1989)

A novel detector for ultra-high energy cosmic rays, and its prototype are discussed. It detects events with primary energy greater than 100 PeV. (1 PeV = 1000 TeV; 1EeV = 1000 PeV.) The detector operates by sensing the near-ultraviolet scintillation light of ionized nitrogen molecules created by the passage of ionizing particles in extensive air showers. (The concept is loosely based on the highly successful Fly's Eye detector situated at Dugway, Utah.) Typical events should consist of 1 to 100 EeV primary energy showers, with near-vertical cores, passing through the detector's field-of-view at distances of 1 to 20 km. The optical field of view of the hypothetical detector would be 60 degrees wide by several (≈ 3) degrees high and would look in a near-horizontal direction at a distant mountain range or other suitably dark background roughly 20 Ian away. A typical good location would be the rim of a canyon, looking slightly downward at the other side. The field-of-view would be subdivided into 3 or more thinner ''wedges'', 60 degrees wide by, perhaps, 1 degree high. A single detector provides timing and brightness information only. Three widely-separated detectors with overlapping fields-of-view provide sufficient data to determine the core location, the zenith and azinruthal angles of the core axis, and the absolute luminosity of the cascade. Interpretation of the luminosity data would be a challenge, but it should be possible to estimate primary energy from it. The advantage of this new scheme is the enormous effective detector area per relatively low-cost detector module. Each triplet of detectors "sees" 300 square km with a typical core axis acceptance of roughly 1 sr. The construction and testing of a prototype unit has been accomplished. The field-of-view was 41 degrees wide by 2 degrees high. Light was collected by a 4.7 square meter mirror and focused onto a wave-shifter PMT system. 8 events with primary energies in the 0.1 to 1 EeV range were observed in an 8.5 hour period. Representative events are shown and preliminary data analysis is discussed.