gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Ant-Based Cyber Security (2011)

We describe a swarming-agent-based, mixed initiative approach to infrastructure defense where teams of humans and software agents defend cooperating organizations in tandem by sharing insights and solutions without violating proprietary boundaries. The system places human administrators at the appropriate level: where they provide system guidance while lower-level agents carry out tasks humans are unable to perform quickly enough to mitigatetoday's security threats. Cooperative Infrastructure Defense, or CID, uses our ant-based approach to enable dialogue between humans and agents to foster a collaborative problem solving environment, to increase human situational awareness and to influence using visualization and shared control. We discuss theoretical implementation characteristics along with results from recent proof-of-concept implementations.
Chemical Approaches To Investigate Post-transcriptional RNA Regulation (2023)

RNA plays a central role in biological processes, and its activity is regulated by a host of diverse chemical and biochemical mechanisms including post-transcriptional modification and interactions with RNA-binding proteins. Here, we describe our efforts to illuminate RNA biology through the application of chemical tools, focusing on post-transcriptional regulatory mechanisms. We describe the development of an activity-based protein profiling approach for discovery and characterization of RNA-modifying enzymes. Next, we highlight novel approaches for RNA imaging based upon metabolic labeling with modified nucleosides and engineering of the nucleotide salvage pathway. Finally, we discuss profiling RNA-protein interactions using small molecule-dependent RNA editing and synthetic photo-cross-linkable oligonucleotide probes. Our work provides enabling technologies for deciphering the complexity of RNA and its diverse functions in biology.
Composable accelerator-rich microprocessor enhanced for adaptivity and longevity (2013)

Accelerator-rich platforms demonstrate orders of magnitude improvement in performance and energy efficiency over software, yet they lack adaptivity to new algorithms and can see low accelerator utilization. To address these issues we propose CAMEL: Composable Accelerator-rich Microprocessor Enhanced for Longevity. CAMEL features programmable fabric (PF) to extend the use of ASIC composable accelerators in supporting algorithms that are beyond the scope of the baseline platform. Using a combination of hardware extensions and compiler support, we demonstrate on average 11.6X performance improvement and 13.9X energy savings across benchmarks that deviate from the original domain for our baseline platform.
ChemInform Abstract: ACYL‐OXYGEN VERSUS ARYL‐OXYGEN BOND SCISSION IN REACTIONS OF BENZENETHIOLATE WITH NITROPHENYL ESTERS OF CARBOXYLIC ACIDS (1977)

Abstract Eine Reihe von Nitrophenylestern (III) liefern bei Reaktion mit Na‐thiophenolat in 95% Äthanol bei 22°C sowohl eine Carbonylkohlenstoff‐Sauerstoff‐ als auch eine Arylkohlenstoff‐Sauerstoff‐Spaltung unter Bildung der Produkte (I) und (II) bzw. (IV) und (V).
Interaction of the Retinoblastoma Protein with Orc1 and Its Recruitment to Human Origins of DNA Replication (2010)

The participation of Rb and E2F1 in the formation of the multiprotein complex that binds origins of DNA replication in mammalian cells appears to represent an effective mechanism to couple the expression of genes required for cell cycle progression to the activation of DNA replication.
Hot-blooded killers (2003)

The application of sexist double standards in hot-blooded murders is discussed. The provocation doctrine is rife with sexist double standards and needs complete abolishment. Some legal scholars argue that in provocation cases, juries should go through the mental exercise of reversing the genders depending on the facts of the defendant and the victim.
In-Field Emulsion Treatability Test With the Electrostatic Susceptibility Tester (2006)

Abstract An Electrostatic Susceptability Tester (EST) was used to determine the treatability of oil emulsions from the Miri Crude Oil Terminal (MCOT). In the EST, a sample of heated, chemically treated emulsion is exposed to an AC/DC electrostatic field and the energy and time required to coalesce water droplets and separate water from the oil emulsion are determined. Both fresh emulsions from the trunk lines to the plant and aged emulsion from a holding tank at the terminal were tested. It was concluded that electrostatic treatment is effective for treating the fresh emulsions at 50 °C with the injection of either acetic acid or emulsion breaker. The dry oil BS&amp;W was reduced from 2.5 vol% to 0.3 vol% when acetic acid injection rate was increased from 250 ppm to the range of 500-1000 ppm. The naturally occurring surfactant (calcium napthnate) that stabilized the emulsion tends to dissolve into the oil phase at higher acetic acid concentrations, thus making the emulsion easier to be treated. Electrostatic treatment is not as effective for treating the aged emulsion from the holding tank because the emulsion contained greater than 40% water and was apparently stabilized by a combination of calcium napthenate and fine, oil-wet solids.
E2F-1 lacking the transcriptional activity domain induces autophagy (2012)

The transcription factor E2F-1 plays a crucial role in the control of cell proliferation. E2F-1 has tumor suppressive properties by inducing apoptosis and autophagy. In this study, E2F-1 and its truncated form (E2Ftr), lacking the transactivation domain (TAD), were compared for their ability to induce autophagy. In Gaussia luciferase-based assays, both E2F-1 and E2Ftr induced the proteolytic cleavage of the autophagic marker LC3. In addition, LC3 and autophagy protein 5 (Atg5) were upregulated by E2F-1 and E2Ftr. Likewise, both E2F proteins induced a punctate pattern of GFP-tagged LC3, indicating autophagosome formation. The presence of double-membrane autophagic vesicles induced by E2F-1 and E2Ftr was confirmed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The application of z-VAD-fmk, a caspase inhibitor, partially blocked both E2F-1 and E2Ftr-mediated cytotoxicity. Moreover, Atg5 (-/-) cells were more resistant to the E2F-1 or E2Ftr-induced cell killing effect than Atg5 wt cells. The TAD of E2F-1 is not essential for induction of autophagy; apoptosis and autophagy cooperate for an efficient cancer cell killing effect induced by E2F-1 or E2Ftr. E2Ftr-induced autophagy is a promising approach to destroy tumors that are resistant to conventional treatments.
A Self-Sensing Piezolaminated Actuator Model for Shells Using a First Order Shear Deformation Theory (1995)

A composite piezolaminated shallow thin shell theory has been developed in which the individual laminae are capable of electromechanical transduction. Utilizing a first order shear deformation approximation and assuming that an electrical field may be applied only across the thickness of a given lamina, the resulting shell theory shows that piezolaminae are capable of exciting and sensing bending, torsion, inplane shearing, and inplane stretching. Piezolaminae are shown to be incapable of exciting and sensing transverse shear unless a three-dimensional electrical field is applied. Inplane shearing and torsion transduction only becomes possible when the dominant rolling axis of a given piezolamina is skewed such as not to coincide with a principal geometric axis. Constitutive relationships are derived which describe how each piezolamina may function simultaneously as both a sensor and an actuator. Two-dimensional piezoelectric field functions are introduced which describe how nonuniformly distributed electromechanical transduction will affect the nature of the applied excitation and acquired measurement. The equations of motion are also given for a shell in which transverse shear deformation is neglected according to Love's first approximation.
Computational Cybernetics (2004)

This issue contains selected papers from the International IEEE Conference on Computational Cybernetics that took place in August 2003 in Hungary at the site of lake Balaton. Computational Cybernetics is the synergetic integration of Cybernetics and Computational Intelligence techniques. Cybernetics was defined by Wiener as "the science of control and communication, in the animal and the machine". The word "cybernetics" itself stems from the Greek "kybernetes" that means pilot or governor. Thus, the science of computational Cybernetics is especially concerned with the comparative study of automatic control systems. Furthermore, Computational Cybernetics covers not only mechanical, but biological (living), social and economical systems and for this uses computational intelligence based results of communication theory, signal processing, information technology, control theory, the theory of adaptive systems, the theory of complex systems (game theory, operational research), and computer science. We have selected 14 papers from the conference covering the fields of system design and modeling, neural networks, and fuzzy control, which resemble the great variety of computational cybernetics. While it is sometimes difficult to integrate over these differing fields, we expect the evolution of future intelligent systems at the service of mankind by the synergetic integration of these different areas. It is our hope that the papers in this issue will inspire and help our readers in the development of advanced intelligent systems.
The Effects of Body Mass on Lung Volumes, Respiratory Mechanics, and Gas Exchange During General Anesthesia (1998)

The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of body mass on lung volumes, respiratory mechanics, and gas exchange during general anesthesia.
Growth and Morphology of Sputtered Aluminum Thin Films on P3HT Surfaces (2011)

Growth and morphology of an aluminum (Al) contact on a poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) thin film are investigated with X-ray methods and related to the interactions at the Al:P3HT interface. Grazing incidence small-angle scattering (GISAXS) is applied in situ during Al sputter deposition to monitor the growth of the layer. A growth mode is found, in which the polymer surface is wetted and rapidly covered with a continuous layer. This growth type results in a homogeneous film without voids and is explained by the strong chemical interaction between Al and P3HT, which suppresses the formation of three-dimensional cluster structures. A corresponding three stage growth model (surface bonding, agglomeration, and layer growth) is derived. X-ray reflectivity shows the penetration of Al atoms into the P3HT film during deposition and the presence of a 2 nm thick intermixing layer at the Al:P3HT interface.
Beyond DERMS: Demonstration of Automated Grid Services, Mode Transition, and Resilience (2022)

This report describes the results of more advanced use cases including Ancillary Services, Black-sky-day operation, and Mode Switching from Phase 3 of the “Beyond DERMS” project aiming to build, deploy, and demonstrate a holistic platform that supports the integrated operation and planning of future power distribution networks with bi-directional power flows, many diverse distributed energy resources (DERs), and inverter-based resources. These test results demonstrated how a Beyond DERMS platform can fuse together AMI, SCADA, and DER data to provide a utility with deep insights into distribution network operations and planning, extending the value of DERMS and BTM DER resources.
ATYPICAL COMPRESSION OF THE DEEP BRANCH OF THE ULNAR NERVE IN GUYON'S CANAL BY A GANGLION: Case report (2000)

A 61-year-old woman with an ulnar claw-finger deformity but no sensory loss had a cystic lesion excised from Guyon's canal. The ganglion was in zone 1 of the canal, which is associated with both motor and sensory deficit, but on this occasion it caused motor dysfunction alone.
Morphologies and mechanical properties of polylactide/thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer blends (2010)

Abstract To explore a potential method for improving the toughness of a polylactide (PLA), we used a thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) elastomer with a high strength and toughness and biocompatibility to prepare PLA/TPU blends suitable for a wide range of applications of PLA as general‐purpose plastics. The structure and properties of the PLA/TPU blends were studied in terms of the mechanical and morphological properties. The results indicate that an obvious yield and neck formation was observed for the PLA/TPU blends; this indicated the transition of PLA from brittle fracture to ductile fracture. The elongation at break and notched impact strength for the PLA/20 wt %TPU blend reached 350% and 25 KJ/m 2 , respectively, without an obvious drop in the tensile strength. The blends were partially miscible systems because of the hydrogen bonding between the molecules of PLA and TPU. Spherical particles of TPU dispersed homogeneously in the PLA matrix, and the fracture surface presented much roughness. With increasing TPU content, the blends exhibited increasing tough failure. The J ‐integral value of the PLA/TPU blend was much higher than that of the neat PLA; this indicated that the toughened blends had increasing crack initiation resistance and crack propagation resistance. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Atmospheric Oxidation of Polyfluorinated Amides: Historical Source of Perfluorinated Carboxylic Acids to the Environment (2013)

Polyfluorinated amides (PFAMs) are a class of fluorinated compounds which were produced as unintentional byproducts in the electrochemical fluorination process used for polyfluorinated sulfonamide synthesis in 1947-2002. To investigate the historical potential of PFAMs as an atmospheric perfluorinated acid (PFCA) source we studied N-ethylperfluorobutyramide (EtFBA) as a surrogate for longer chained PFAMs. Smog chamber relative rate techniques were used to measure bimolecular rate coefficients for reactions of EtFBA with chlorine atoms and hydroxyl radicals. It was found kCl = (2.08 ± 0.15) × 10(-11) cm(3) molecule(-1) s(-1) and kOH = (2.65 ± 0.50) × 10(-12) cm(3) molecule(-1) s(-1) and the atmospheric lifetime of EtFBA with respect to reaction with OH was estimated to be approximately 4.4 days. Offline sampling with both GC-MS and LC-MS/MS techniques was used to determine the products and hence a plausible pathway of atmospheric oxidation of EtFBA. Three primary oxidation products were observed by GC-MS, the N-dealkylation product C3F7C(O)NH2 and two carbonyl products, probably C3F7C(O)N(H)C(O)CH3 and C3F7C(O)N(H)CH2CHO. These primary products react further to give perfluorocarboxylic acids (PFCAs) as detected by LC-MS/MS, suggesting that eight carbon PFAMs were a historical source of PFCAs to remote regions, including the Canadian Arctic.
The DemaWare service-oriented AAL platform for people with Dementia (2014)

Abstract. This work presents DemaWare, an Ambient Intelligence platform that targets Ambient Assisted Living for people with Dementia. DemaWare seam-lessly integrates diverse hardware (wearable and ambient sensors), as well as soft-ware components (semantic interpretation, reasoning), involved in such context. It also enables both online and offline processes, including sensor analysis and storage of context semantics in a Knowledge Base. Consequently, it orchestrates semantic interpretation which incorporated defeasible logics for uncertainty han-dling. Overall, the underlying functionality aids clinicians and carers to timely assess and diagnose patients in the context of lab trials, homes or nursing homes. 1
Stoichiometric and Catalytic Aryl–Perfluoroalkyl Coupling at Tri-tert-butylphosphine Palladium(II) Complexes (2017)

This Communication describes studies of Ph-R<sub>F</sub> (R<sub>F</sub> = CF<sub>3</sub> or CF<sub>2</sub>CF<sub>3</sub>) coupling at Pd complexes of general structure (P<sup>t</sup>Bu<sub>3</sub>)Pd<sup>II</sup>(Ph)(R<sub>F</sub>). The CF<sub>3</sub> analogue participates in fast Ph-CF<sub>3</sub> coupling (<5 min at 80 °C). However, the formation of side products limits the yield of this transformation as well as its translation to catalysis. DFT and experimental studies suggest that the side products derive from facile α-fluoride elimination at the 3-coordinate Pd<sup>II</sup> complex. Furthermore, they show that this undesired pathway can be circumvented by changing from a CF<sub>3</sub> to a CF<sub>2</sub>CF<sub>3</sub> ligand. Ultimately, the insights gained from stoichiometric studies enabled the identification of Pd(P<sup>t</sup>Bu<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub> as a catalyst for the Pd-catalyzed cross-coupling of aryl bromides with TMSCF<sub>2</sub>CF<sub>3</sub> to afford pentafluoroethylated arenes.
CMV reduction in a three‐to‐seven phase direct matrix converter using SVPWM (2019)

The pulse‐width modulation (PWM)‐controlled modern electric drives causes some serious problems such as the generation of common‐mode voltage (CMV) and high d v /d t . The CMV might cause high‐frequency leakage currents that flow through the possible path that is bearing of the motor. Thus, the flow of current through the motor bearing leads to its premature failure. One of the main challenges in developing PWM methods for control of motor drives is the problem of CMV and its reduction/elimination. In this study, a modulation technique based on space‐vector approach is developed to reduce the CMV in a three‐to‐seven‐phase direct matrix converter. CMV reduction becomes possible by selecting suitable zero‐voltage vectors for a specific duration and the use of a selected set of active vectors for the output voltage synthesis. The proposed space‐vector PWM (SVPWM) for the reduction of CMV is performed with a seven‐phase R–L load to show the viability of the proposed technique. The proposed SVPWM technique is implemented experimentally in dSPACE working in conjunction with field‐programmable gate array processor board using a system generator. Hardware results that validate the proposed control algorithm are discussed.
Detecting cellulase penetration into corn stover cell walls by immuno‐electron microscopy (2009)

In general, pretreatments are designed to enhance the accessibility of cellulose to enzymes, allowing for more efficient conversion. In this study, we have detected the penetration of major cellulases present in a commercial enzyme preparation (Spezyme CP) into corn stem cell walls following mild-, moderate- and high-severity dilute sulfuric acid pretreatments. The Trichoderma reesei enzymes, Cel7A (CBH I) and Cel7B (EG I), as well as the cell wall matrix components xylan and lignin were visualized within digested corn stover cell walls by immuno transmission electron microscopy (TEM) using enzyme- and polymer-specific antibodies. Low severity dilute-acid pretreatment (20 min at 100 degrees C) enabled <1% of the thickness of secondary cell walls to be penetrated by enzyme, moderate severity pretreatment at (20 min at 120 degrees C) allowed the enzymes to penetrate approximately 20% of the cell wall, and the high severity (20 min pretreatment at 150 degrees C) allowed 100% penetration of even the thickest cell walls. These data allow direct visualization of the dramatic effect dilute-acid pretreatment has on altering the condensed ultrastructure of biomass cell walls. Loosening of plant cell wall structure due to pretreatment and the subsequently improved access by cellulases has been hypothesized by the biomass conversion community for over two decades, and for the first time, this study provides direct visual evidence to verify this hypothesis. Further, the high-resolution enzyme penetration studies presented here provide insight into the mechanisms of cell wall deconstruction by cellulolytic enzymes.
Facile Synthetic Methods for the Diversification of Catena‐Polyphosphorus Cations (2005)

Zahl und Variabilität von Polyphosphor-Kationen sind deutlich geringer als die ihrer neutralen (Polyphosphine) und anionischen Analoga (Polyphosphide). Hier wird nun eine allgemeine und einfache Methode zur Synthese von Phosphanylphosphonium-, Diphosphanylphosphonium- und Cyclotetraphosphanylphosphonium-Ionen aus Polyphosphanen vorgestellt. Zudem wird die Stabilität des Cyclopentaphosphor-Rings betont (siehe Kristallstruktur von [Ph6P5]+).
Preclinical findings predicting efficacy and side‐effect profile of LY 2940094, an antagonist of nociceptin receptors (2016)

Nociceptin/Orphanin FQ (N/OFQ) is a 17 amino acid peptide whose receptor is designated ORL1 or nociceptin receptor (NOP). We utilized a potent, selective, and orally bioavailable antagonist with documented engagement with NOP receptors in vivo to assess antidepressant- and anxiolytic-related pharmacological effects of NOP receptor blockade along with measures of cognitive and motor impingement. LY2940094 ([2-[4-[(2-chloro-4,4-difluoro-spiro[5H-thieno[2,3-c]pyran-7,4'-piperidine]-1'-yl)methyl]-3-methyl-pyrazol-1-yl]-3-pyridyl]methanol) displayed antidepressant-like behavioral effects in the forced-swim test in mice, an effect absent in NOP <sup>-/-</sup> mice. LY2940094 also augmented the behavioral effect of fluoxetine without changing target occupancies (NOP and serotonin reuptake transporter [SERT]). LY2940094 did not have effects under a differential-reinforcement of low rate schedule. Although anxiolytic-like effects were not observed in some animal models (conditioned suppression, 4-plate test, novelty-suppressed feeding), LY2940094 had effects like that of anxiolytic drugs in three assays: fear-conditioned freezing in mice, stress-induced increases in cerebellar cGMP in mice, and stress-induced hyperthermia in rats. These are the first reports of anxiolytic-like activity with a systemically viable NOP receptor antagonist. LY2940094 did not disrupt performance in either a 5-choice serial reaction time or delayed matching-to-position assay. LY2940094 was also not an activator or suppressor of locomotion in rodents nor did it induce failures of rotarod performance. These data suggest that LY2940094 has unique antidepressant- and anxiolytic-related pharmacological effects in rodents. Clinical proof of concept data on this molecule in depressed patients have been reported elsewhere.