gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The meta-epigenomic structure of purified human stem cell populations is defined at cis -regulatory sequences (2014)

ABSTRACT The mechanism and significance of epigenetic variability in the same cell type between healthy individuals are not clear. Here, we purify human CD34+ hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) from different individuals and find that there is increased variability of DNA methylation at loci with properties of promoters and enhancers. The variability is especially enriched at candidate enhancers near genes transitioning between silent and expressed states, and encoding proteins with leukocyte differentiation properties. Our findings of increased variability at loci with intermediate DNA methylation values, at candidate “poised” enhancers, and at genes involved in HSPC lineage commitment suggest that CD34+ cell subtype heterogeneity between individuals is a major mechanism for the variability observed. Epigenomic studies performed on cell populations, even when purified, are testing collections of epigenomes, or meta-epigenomes. Our findings show that meta-epigenomic approaches to data analysis can provide insights into cell subpopulation structure.
Chemical characterization of leptin-activated neurons in the rat brain (2000)

Leptin has profound effects on food intake, body weight, and neuroendocrine status. The lack of leptin results in hormonal and metabolic alterations and a dramatic increase in body weight. Leptin acts in the brain, especially in the hypothalamus; however, the central nervous system sites that respond to leptin have not been examined comprehensively. In this study, we explored systematically the distribution of leptin-activated neurons throughout the rat brain. Furthermore, we investigated the chemical identity of subsets of these leptin-activated cells. Fos-like immunoreactivity (Fos-IR) was investigated in the rat brain after two different doses of leptin (1.0 mg/kg and 5.0 mg/kg) at 2 hours and 6 hours after injections. The induction of Fos-IR was observed in hypothalamic nuclei, including the paraventricular nucleus (PVH), the retrochiasmatic area (RCA), the ventromedial nucleus (VMH), the dorsomedial nucleus (DMH), the arcuate nucleus (Arc), and the ventral premammillary nucleus (PMV). In addition, leptin-induced Fos-IR was found in several nuclei of the brainstem, including the superior lateral and external lateral subdivisions of the parabrachial nucleus (slPB and elPB, respectively), the supragenual nucleus, and the nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS). By using double-labeling immunohistochemistry or immunohistochemistry coupled with in situ hybridization, leptin-activated neurons were found that contained cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript mRNA in several hypothalamic nuclei, including the RCA, Arc, DMH, and PMV. In the Arc and DMH, leptin-induced Fos-IR was observed in neurons that expressed neurotensin mRNA. Dynorphin neurons in the VMH and in the Arc also expressed Fos-IR. In the brainstem, we found that cholecystokinin neurons in the slPB and glucagon-like peptide-1 neurons in the NTS were activated by leptin. We also investigated the coexpression of Fos-IR and the long form of the leptin receptor (OBRb) mRNA. We found double-labeled neurons surrounding the median eminence and in the RCA, Arc, VMH, DMH, and PMV. However, in brainstem sites, very little OBRb mRNA was found; thus, there were very few double-labeled cells. These results suggest that leptin stimulates brain pathways containing neuropeptides that are involved in the regulation of energy balance, autonomic homeostasis, and neuroendocrine status.
The Primary Structure of the β-Lactoglobulin of the Waterbuffalo (Bubalus arnee) (1979)

The complete amino acid sequence of the beta-lactoglobuline of the waterbuffalo (Bubalus arnee) was established. The sequence of peptides obtained by cleavage with BNPS-Skatole, CNBr and trypsin were determined automatically by the help of the sequenator. Only two differences were found in the beta lactoglobulin of the waterbuffalo compared with the bovine beta-lactoglobulin B.
Bridging the [Health Equity] Gap at a Free Clinic for Uninsured Residents of Rhode Island. (2018)

Poor management of chronic diseases, such as hypertension and diabetes, particularly among the uninsured, places medical and financial burdens on the healthcare system. Clínica Esperanza/Hope Clinic initiated a chronic disease management program for uninsured residents of Rhode Island (RI) called Bridging the [Health Equity] Gap (BTG), which offers continuity of care, quarterly goal-setting appointments, and healthy lifestyle interventions. Outcomes for 549 participants from the initial evaluation period are presented here. Over the first 12 months of enrollment, mean hemoglobin A1c decreased from 10.2% to 8.3% (p<0.001), and mean blood glucose of individuals with diabetes decreased by 51 mg/dL (p<0.01). BTG participants used the local emergency department (ED) 60% less than Medicaid-insured RI residents and had 61% fewer "potentially preventable" ED visits. The positive impact of BTG on chronic disease outcomes and ED usage by uninsured patients suggests that programs like BTG may reduce overall healthcare costs in the state.
Block matching-based motion compensation with arbitrary accuracy using adaptive interpolation filters (2006)

This paper proposes a motion-compensated prediction method which can compensate precise motions using adap-tive interpolation filters. In this method, plural number of non-separable 2D interpolation filters are optimized for each frame, and an appropriate combination of one of the filters and a motion vector with integer-pel accuracy is determined block-by-block. To reduce the amount of side information, coefficients of each filter are downloaded to a decoder only when the filter turns out to be effective in terms of a rate-distortion sense, or else the old filter applied to the previ-ous frame is reused. Simulation results indicate that the pro-posed method provides coding gain of up to 3.0 dB in PSNR compared to the conventional motion-compensated predic-tion method using motion vectors with 1/2-pel accuracy. 1.
On Claims That Answer the Wrong Questions (1997)

Anderson, Reder, and Simon (1996) contested four propositions that they incorrectly called “claims of situated learning.” This response argues that the important differences between situative and cognitive perspectives are not addressed by discussion of these imputed claims. Instead, there are significant differences in the framing assumptions of the two perspectives. I clarify these differences by inferring questions to which Anderson et al.'s discussion provided answers, by identifying presuppositions of those questions made by Anderson et al., and by stating the different presuppositions and questions that I believe are consistent with the situative perspective. The evidence given by Anderson et al. is compatible with the framing assumptions of situativity; therefore, deciding between the perspectives will involve broader considerations than those presented in their article. These considerations include expectations about which framework offers the better prospect for developing a unified scientific account of activity considered from both social and individual points of view, and which framework supports research that will inform discussions of educational practice more productively. The cognitive perspective takes the theory of individual cognition as its basis and builds toward a broader theory by incrementally developing analyses of additional components that are considered as contexts. The situative perspective takes the theory of social and ecological interaction as its basis and builds toward a more comprehensive theory by developing increasingly detailed analyses of information structures in the contents of people's interactions. While I believe that the situative framework is more promising, the best strategy for the field is for both perspectives to be developed energetically.
Whole grain in manufactured foods: Current use, challenges and the way forward (2015)

Some countries now incorporate recommendations for increased consumption of whole grain (WG) into local dietary guidelines. Cereal and pseudo-cereal grains are good sources of complex carbohydrates, dietary fiber, proteins, phytochemicals, vitamins and minerals. However, research shows that the large majority of consumers are still falling short of WG consumption goals. To address this, we are actively involved in research to help increase the WG content of processed foods without compromising on taste and texture. In order to ensure consumer trust, the advancement of process technologies in incorporating WG to produce tasty food has to go hand in hand with well designed clinical trials that confirm the health benefits resulting from diets rich in WG.
Development of SF$_{6}$-Free 72.5 kV GIS (2007)

This paper describes the fundamental insulation characteristics of environmentally friendly gases; dry air, N <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> and N <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> mixed gas. Conventional gas insulated switchgear (GIS) generally uses SF <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">6</sub> as against over 72.5 kV class. We have proposed GIS with a vacuum circuit breaker against from 72.5 kV class to 170 kV class as SF <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">6</sub> -free GIS. Because the insulation gas of this type of SF6 -free GIS has the hardly unnecessary current interception performance, the optimal insulation gas can be selected based on fundamental insulation performance. From the standpoints of insulation performance and economical efficiency, we selected compressed dry air as the optimal insulation gas for this type of SF <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">6</sub> -free GIS. However, the dielectric strength of dry air is approximately one-third that of SF <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">6</sub> gas. Therefore, to achieve roughly the same size as conventional GIS, some strategies must be employed to enhance insulation performance. This paper investigates the influence of gas pressure and a gas/solid hybrid insulation structure. The insulation performance of the gas/solid hybrid insulation structure using an insulation coating was found to be better than that of a barrier. Moreover, the dielectric strength of particles adhering to a spacer under the compressed dry air was about 1.5 times higher than that under N <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> . Thus, the high insulation reliability of the gas/solid hybrid structure was high against particles was confirmed. In view of these investigative findings, this type of SF <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">6</sub> -free 72.5 kV GIS which was designed and manufactured, was confirmed to comply with the IEC standard.
Dynamic hairspray analysis. II. Effect of polymer, hair type, and solvent composition. (2001)

A texture analyzer was employed to study the properties of hairspray resins by measuring a number of mechanical parameters of hair modified by them. Hairset stiffness, stiffness retention at high humidity, and duration and magnitude of polymer film tackiness during drying were the properties employed to characterize fixative-treated hair. They were investigated for formulations containing ethyl ester of PVM/MA copolymer, butyl ester of PVM/MA copolymer, vinyl caprolactam/PVP/dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate copolymer, VA/butyl maleate/isobornyl acrylate copolymer, and polymer blends such as poly(methylvinylether) (PMVE) - ethyl ester of PVM/MA copolymer. It was demonstrated that the properties of hair treated with a fixative are affected by the concentration and molecular weight of a polymer, low-molecularweight additives that can modify the mechanical, surface, or interfacial properties of a polymer film, and the presence of water in the formulation. It was also shown, that the type of hair employed, such as virgin, untreated hair or hair damaged by bleaching, can also have an effect on the performance of a given hairspray formulation. For compositions based on blends of PMVE and ethyl ester of PVM/MA copolymer, the employed method demonstrated the sensitivity of the properties of polymer blends to the presence of a hydrophilic component such as PMVE.
A pharmacogenomic investigation of the cardiac safety profile of ondansetron in children and pregnant women (2022)

This study has provided insight into the genomic basis of ondansetron-induced cardiac changes and has emphasized the importance of genes that have been implicated in serotonin-related traits. These biologically-relevant findings represent the first step towards understanding this adverse event with the overall goal to improve the safety of this commonly used antiemetic medication.
Experimentelle Ergebnisse zur Erbium:YAG-Laservitrektomie (1998)

The decreased vacuum forces used by the laser vitrectomy system may result in less mechanical stress to the retina as well as intravitreal structures which may be attached to it. An Er:YAG laser vitrectomy system may offer the potential of fewer complications during vitrectomy.
Vehicle and Crew Routing and Scheduling (2010)

This thesis is concerned with various aspects of vehicle and crew routing and scheduling. In particular: the integration of vehicle routing with simultaneous vehicle and crew scheduling; simultaneous vehicle and crew scheduling with time windows; and vehicle routing with time windows for visual attractiveness and operational robustness. It is comprised of the solution techniques to a subset of the real world problems I have had the opportunity to apply myself to in my professional career to date, that met the requirements for inclusion in an industry-based PhD thesis: involving substantial new and innovative research; being a real world problem where the solutions produced would be implemented and the software within which the research was embodied deployed; and combining the willingness of the customer to allow publication including the use and release of internal company data. This thesis is comprised of three articles, included as chapters without alteration, submitted for publication in various peer reviewed journals. It also incorporates a chapter containing an updated literature review covering the intervening period between submission of the articles and submission of this thesis and a chapter containing a brief summary of the most significant contributions and findings from the three articles.
Erratum to: Rational Formulation of Alternative Fuels using QSPR Methods: Application to Jet Fuels (2014)

International audience
Epitaxial Strain and Superconductivity inLa2−xSrxCuO4Thin Films (2002)

The report that T(c) was doubled in underdoped La2-xSrxCuO4 films under compressive epitaxial strain has stirred great interest. We show that such films are extremely sensitive to oxygen intake, even at very low temperature, with startling consequences including colossal lattice expansion and a crossover from semiconductor to metallic behavior. We can bring T(c) up to 40 K in La2CuO4 films on SrTiO3 substrates-without any Sr doping and under tensile strain. On LaSrAlO4 substrates, we reached T(c)=51.5 K, the highest so far in La2-xSrxCuO4.
Experimental model of posttraumatic syringomyelia: the role of adhesive arachnoiditis in syrinx formation (1994)

An experimental model was devised to elucidate the role of spinal blockade in posttraumatic syringomyelia. Thirty-eight Japanese White rabbits, each weighing about 3 kg, were used in this study. The animals were divided into four groups: in Group 1, eight animals received traumatic injury only; in Group 2, 12 animals received traumatic injury following injection of 100 mg kaolin suspended in 1 cc normal saline solution into the subarachnoid space at the site of trauma; in Group 3, nine animals received traumatic injury following injection of 200 mg kaolin in 1 cc normal saline solution into the subarachnoid space at the site of trauma; and in Group 4, nine animals without traumatic injury received an injection of 200 mg kaolin in 1 cc normal saline solution into the subarachnoid space. The subjective criteria for syrinx formation were the presence of a definite round cyst having a smooth margin and an upper or lower extension of more than 2 cm from the injured site. Syrinx formation was seen in 12.5% (one of eight rabbits) in Group 1, 41.7% (five of 12 animals) in Group 2, 55.5% (five of nine rabbits) in Group 3 and 0% (none of nine animals) in Group 4 (p < 0.05). There was a tendency for the combined trauma/kaolin injection groups to be more prone to develop a syrinx. In the kaolin injection only group (Group 4), no animal showed a definite cyst or an extending cavity during the experimental period. The results suggest that kaolin enhances the extension of multiple small cavities that have already formed at the time of initial injury. The difference between the frequency of syrinx formation and the time of survival was statistically significant well beyond the 0.05% level. The overall difference, relating to the frequency of syrinx development, group, and duration of survival, was also statistically significant. In summary, subarachnoid block secondary to adhesive arachnoiditis is important in initiating the extension of the syringomyelia cavity.
Estrogen differentially regulates expression of Per1 and Per2 genes between central and peripheral clocks and between reproductive and nonreproductive tissues in female rats (2005)

Although it has long been established that estrogen alters circadian rhythms in behavior, physiology, and reproductive functions in mammals, the molecular mechanism for these effects remains unknown. To explore the possibility that estrogen affects circadian rhythms by changing the expression of clock-related genes, we investigated the effects of chronic treatment with 17beta-estradiol (E2) on the expression of Per1 and Per2 genes in the brain (suprachiasmatic nucleus and cerebral cortex) and periphery (liver, kidney, and uterus) of ovariectomized rats by means of in situ hybridization and northern blotting. In the brain, E2 treatment advanced the peak of Per2 mRNA expression in the SCN; however, it failed to affect the rhythm of Per2 mRNA expression in the CX and Per1 mRNA expression in both the SCN and the CX. In nonreproductive peripheral tissues (liver and kidney), E2 delayed the phase and increased the amplitude of Per1 mRNA expression. In the reproductive tissues (uterus), biphasic rhythms in Per1 and Per2 mRNA were observed after E2 treatment. These findings suggest that the effects of estrogen are different between central and peripheral clock in the brain, and between reproductive and nonreproductive tissues in the periphery.
Bell Labs connected digit databases for telephone speech recognition (2004)

We describe Bell Labs connected digits databases (BLCD), which were collected over the landline telephone networks. The BLCD databases were designed to provide a standard benchmark for evaluating the performances of different connected digit recognition systems. It is also a vehicle for research and diagnosis of specific problems in automatic connected digit recognition. We first describe the content and the organization of the BLCD databases, and then present an automatic database verification procedure utilizing automatic speech recognition (ASR). For reference, we present automatic speech recognition performance on a set of the databases using the Bell Labs ASR system. For the databases with good recording conditions, the word-error rates can be less than 1%. In order to promote speech science and technology for real world applications, we make this database available for the speech community.
Feline mammary turnours* (1971)

ABSTRACT Fifty‐five tumours (fifty malignant, five benign) of the mammary gland of cats were found among 2296 feline diagnostic accessions submitted over a 10‐year period. Twenty‐seven were adenocarcinomas, nineteen papillary adenocarcinomas, two scirrhous carcinomas, and two anaplastic carcinomas. The majority of the cats were between 10 and 14 years of age. No breed predilection was noted. Résumé. Parmi 2296 diagnostics effectués chez des chats au cours d'une période de 10 ans ont été notées 55 tumeurs de la glande mammaire. Les tumeurs (dont 50 malignes et 5 bénignes) comprenaient 27 adénocarcinomes, 19 adénocarcinomes papillaires, 2 carcinomes squirrheux et 2 carcinomes anaplasiques. L'âge des sujets atteints se situait pour la plupart entre 10 et 14 ans, sans prédominance d'aucune race déterminée. Zusammenfassung. 55 Tumoren (50 maligne, 5 benigne) der Brustdrusen von Katzen wurden bei 2296 diagnostischen Vorfühmngen von Katzen innerhalb von 10 Jahren gefunden. 27 waren Adenocarcinome, 19 papillare Adenocarcinome, 2 Szirrhuscarcinome und 2 anaplastische Carcinome. Die Mehrzahl der Katzen war 10 bis 14 Jahre alt. Es wurde keine Bevorzugung einer Rase festgestellt.
Grafikprozessorbeschleunigte Monte Carlo Simulation fûr die Streustrahlkorrektur des MR- BrainPET Scanners (2013)

International audience
Micro vascular Effects of Chondroitinase ABC and Chymopapain An In Vivo Experimental Study on Hamsters and Rabbits (1990)

Immediate and long-term microvascular effects of chondroitinase ABC, 200 unit/ml, were analyzed in ten hamsters. The immediate effects on the microcirculation were studied by vital microscopy following local injection in the cheek pouch. There were no detectable effects on the microvascular blood flow during the 60 minutes of observation for chondroitinase ABC or the control. A therapeutic concentration (2000 pKat/ml) of chymopapain stopped the microcirculation in the injected area immediately, with numerous microbleedings at the border zone. Long-term effects were studied after subcutaneous injections in the ears of six rabbits. Chondroitinase ABC and the control did not cause any macroscopic or microangiographic effects. However, light microscopy showed a moderate inflammatory reaction in the subcutaneous layer for both chondroitinase ABC and the control. Chymopapain induced severe effects on the cartilage and surrounding tissues. Microangiography revealed a vessel-free zone at the injection site. Since 200 units/ml of chondroitinase ABC is four to eight times higher than the concentration that might be used for chemonucleolysis, i.e., dissolution of intervertebral discs by local enzyme injection, the present investigation suggests a wide margin of safety regarding the potential effects on blood vessels in tissues surrounding the disc.