gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor–Induced Comobilization of CD4−CD8− T Cells and Hematopoietic Progenitor Cells (CD34+) in the Blood of Normal Donors (1997)

The feasibility of transplantation of HLA-matched hematopoietic progenitor cells from the blood of normal donors given granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) has been reported recently. In the current study, the changes in T-cell subsets as well as CD34+ cells were determined in one blood volume leukapheresis products of six normal individuals given G-CSF. Examination of the T-cell subsets in the leukapheresis products showed three different patterns: one in which a discrete population of CD4- CD8- alphabeta T cells was found in addition to the typical CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in the unfractionated as well as in high- and low-density cells; a second in which the discrete population of CD4- CD8- alphabeta T cells was predominant only in the low-density fractions; and a third in which a discrete population of CD4- CD8- T cells was not observed. The median yield of CD4- CD8- T cells was about fourfold to fivefold higher than the calculated number present in one blood volume (5L) from normal individuals. The ratios of CD34+ cells to CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, and of CD4- CD8- T cells to CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, were highest in the low-density fractions. These fractions suppressed the mixed leukocyte, and may ameliorate graft-versus-host disease as compared with unfractionated cells.
Nonlinear Gompertz curve models of achievement gaps in mathematics and reading. (2014)

This study examined achievement trajectories in mathematics and reading from school entry through the end of middle school with linear and nonlinear growth curves in 2 large longitudinal data sets (National Longitudinal Study of Youth—Children and Young Adults and Early Childhood Longitudinal Study—Kindergarten Cohort [ECLS-K]). The S-shaped Gompertz model showed best fit in both data sets and decomposed individual changes in terms of 3 interindividual difference parameters that represented total growth, rate of approach (instantaneous approach to total growth), and timing of accelerated growth. The fastest rates of approach were observed for both mathematics and reading before 3rd grade. In ECLS-K, demographic predictors of the 3 parameters of change were consistent with prior work showing socioeconomic status and race/ethnic gaps that widen over time in both subjects and a female advantage in reading and a male advantage in mathematics. Results indicate a new shape of development for both domains, with implications for research, policy, and practice to understand and support students especially in the early years of schooling. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)
Morphology-induced spin frustration in granular BiFeO3 thin films: Origin of the magnetic vertical shift (2018)

Pronounced room temperature vertical shifts in the magnetic hysteresis loops of granular, highly polycrystalline and ferromagnetic-like BiFeO3 thin films are observed upon field-cooling from a temperature above the Néel temperature of bulk BiFeO3. This is ascribed to the interplay between the preferential alignment, established by the field-cooling process, of the net magnetic moment, which arises from uncompensated antiferromagnetic spins, and the pinning of a fraction of these spins at the particle boundaries. Conversely, field-cooling of an epitaxially grown BiFeO3 film results in no vertical shift, confirming the effective role played by the particle boundaries (i.e., morphology) of the granular-like BiFeO3 films in the process of spin frustration.
Toward Polar Sea-Ice Classification using Color-based Segmentation and Auto-labeling of Sentinel-2 Imagery to Train an Efficient Deep Learning Model (2023)

Global warming is an urgent issue that is generating catastrophic environmental changes, such as the melting of sea ice and glaciers, particularly in the polar regions. The melting pattern and retreat of polar sea ice cover is an essential indicator of global warming. The Sentinel-2 satellite (S2) captures high-resolution optical imagery over the polar regions. This research aims at developing a robust and effective system for classifying polar sea ice as thick or snow-covered, young or thin, or open water using S2 images. A key challenge is the lack of labeled S2 training data to serve as the ground truth. We demonstrate a method with high precision to segment and automatically label the S2 images based on suitably determined color thresholds and employ these auto-labeled data to train a U-Net machine model (a fully convolutional neural network), yielding good classification accuracy. Evaluation results over S2 data from the polar summer season in the Ross Sea region of the Antarctic show that the U-Net model trained on auto-labeled data has an accuracy of 90.18% over the original S2 images, whereas the U-Net model trained on manually labeled data has an accuracy of 91.39%. Filtering out the thin clouds and shadows from the S2 images further improves U-Net's accuracy, respectively, to 98.97% for auto-labeled and 98.40% for manually labeled training datasets.
10TH International Workshop on Campylobacter, Helicobacter & Related Organisms. (2000)

Abstract : The 10th International Workshop on Campylobacter, Helicobacter & Related Organisms. September 12-16, 1999, Baltimore Maryland The goals of this conference were to: 1) gather junior and senior investigators from around the world who specialize in areas encompassing all aspects of disease due to Campylobacter, Helicobacter, and Related organisms. These areas include public health, pathogenesis, renal and gastrointestinal pathophysiology, clinical management, food safety, and human and animal ecology; 2) present overviews and updates in these diverse areas by keynote speakers who are experts in their fields both inside the field and leading figures in pathogenesis; 3) present the latest results from investigators in these diverse areas in poster sessions and short invited talks; and 4) foster new collaborative multi disciplinary interactions to address pressing questions of prevention, pathogenesis, and treatment of disease due to Campylobacter and Helicobacter.
Extreme Subwavelength Magnetoelastic Electromagnetic Antenna Implemented with Multiferroic Nanomagnets (2020)

Abstract Antennas typically have emission/radiation efficiencies bounded by A /λ 2 ( A &lt; λ 2 ) where A is the emitting area and λ is the emitted wavelength. That makes it challenging to miniaturize antennas to extreme subwavelength dimensions without severely compromising their efficiencies. To overcome this challenge, an electromagnetic (EM) antenna is actuated with a surface acoustic wave (SAW) whose wavelength is about five orders of magnitude smaller than the EM wavelength at the same frequency. This allows to implement an extreme subwavelength EM antenna, radiating an EM wave of wavelength λ = 2 m, whose emitting area is ≈10 −8 m 2 ( A /λ 2 = 2.5 × 10 −9 ), and whose measured radiation efficiency exceeds the A /λ 2 limit by over 10 5 . The antenna consists of magnetostrictive nanomagnets deposited on a piezoelectric substrate. A SAW launched in the substrate with an alternating electrical voltage periodically strains the nanomagnets and rotates their magnetizations owing to the Villari effect. The oscillating magnetizations emit EM waves at the frequency of the SAW. These extreme subwavelength antennas that radiate with efficiencies a few orders of magnitude larger than the A /λ 2 limit allow drastic miniaturization of communication systems.
Automatic facial expression recognition for intelligent tutoring systems (2008)

This project explores the idea of facial expression for automated feedback in teaching. We show how automatic realtime facial expression recognition can be effectively used to estimate the difficulty level, as perceived by an individual student, of a delivered lecture. We also show that facial expression is predictive of an individual studentpsilas preferred rate of curriculum presentation at each moment in time. On a video lecture viewing task, training on less than two minutes of recorded facial expression data and testing on a separate validation set, our system predicted the subjectspsila self-reported difficulty scores with mean accuracy of 0:42 (Pearson R) and their preferred viewing speeds with mean accuracy of 0:29. Our techniques are fully automatic and have potential applications for both intelligent tutoring systems (ITS) and standard classroom environments.
Characterization of LDPC-coded orbital angular momentum modes transmission and multiplexing over a 50-km fiber (2016)

Mode-division multiplexing over fibers has attracted increasing attention over the last few years as a potential solution to further increase fiber transmission capacity. In this paper, we demonstrate the viability of orbital angular momentum (OAM) modes transmission over a 50-km few-mode fiber (FMF). By analyzing mode properties of eigen modes in an FMF, we study the inner mode group differential modal delay (DMD) in FMF, which may influence the transmission capacity in long-distance OAM modes transmission and multiplexing. To mitigate the impact of large inner mode group DMD in long-distance fiber-based OAM modes transmission, we use low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes to increase the system reliability. By evaluating the performance of LDPC-coded single OAM mode transmission over 50-km fiber, significant coding gains of >4 dB, 8 dB and 14 dB are demonstrated for 1-Gbaud, 2-Gbaud and 5-Gbaud quadrature phase-shift keying (QPSK) signals, respectively. Furthermore, in order to verify and compare the influence of DMD in long-distance fiber transmission, single OAM mode transmission over 10-km FMF is also demonstrated in the experiment. Finally, we experimentally demonstrate OAM multiplexing and transmission over a 50-km FMF using LDPC-coded 1-Gbaud QPSK signals to compensate the influence of mode crosstalk and DMD in the 50 km FMF.
A novel optical accelerometer (1995)

A novel accelerometer based on a PIN photo-detector and a micro-machined cantilever-beam-supported optical shutter with seismic mass has been designed, fabricated, and tested. Anisotropic wet etching of <110> orientation silicon in KOH is used to fabricate an optical shutter consisting of evenly spaced vertically etched slots. The shutter, which also constitutes the seismic mass of the accelerometer, is suspended by two cantilever beams. The special structure of the device and the high aspect ratio of the cantilever beams (7.5) permit freedom of the movement for the proof mass (the shutter) on the /spl plusmn/X axis only. The actual size of the device is 3/spl times/4 mm and its amplified output varies linearly from -3.6 V to +3.6 V for accelerations from -84 g to +84 g. The measured resonant frequency of the device is 3.2 KHz. A dual diode structure is chosen for the photo-detector to compensate for temperature drift and the amplified output voltage changes by less than 40 mV for a temperature variation from 25/spl deg/C to 50/spl deg/C.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Concerning the Relation between Structure and Action of Xanthones on Dehydrogenations by Fusaria (1943)

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), a peer reviewed journal of the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) - an authoritative source of high-impact, original research that broadly spans the biological, physical, and social sciences.
Subcarrier-Multiplexed Coherent Optical Video Transmission Using Direct Frequency Modulation of Semiconductor Lasers (1991)

Abstract : An analog subcarrier-multiplexing (SCM) coherent optical system for video transmission using direct frequency modulation of semiconductor lasers is analyzed. Receiver sensitivity, corresponding to a 56 dB SNR at the output video ports, is approximately -38 dBm for 50 channels and -25 dBm for 100 channels using the FM subcarrier modulation format. These results are obtained for realistic values of receiver thermal noise (3.31 x 10 (-22)A(2)/Hz), laser linewidth (40 MHz), RIN (-150 dB/Hz), and optical bandwidth (20 GHz). Linewidth- induced performance degradation is found to be negligible for up to 50 channels.
Regio- and stereoselective carbometallation reactions of N-alkynylamides and sulfonamides (2013)

The carbocupration reactions of heterosubstituted alkynes allow the regio- and stereoselective formation of vinyl organometallic species. N-Alkynylamides (ynamides) are particularly useful substrates for the highly regioselective carbocupration reaction, as they lead to the stereodefined formation of vinylcopper species geminated to the amide moiety. The latter species are involved in numerous synthetically useful transformations leading to valuable building blocks in organic synthesis. Here we describe in full the results of our studies related to the carbometallation reactions of N-alkynylamides.
Biomimetic eye modeling & deep neuromuscular oculomotor control (2019)

We present a novel, biomimetic model of the eye for realistic virtual human animation. We also introduce a deep learning approach to oculomotor control that is compatible with our biomechanical eye model. Our eye model consists of the following functional components: (i) submodels of the 6 extraocular muscles that actuate realistic eye movements, (ii) an iris submodel, actuated by pupillary muscles, that accommodates to incoming light intensity, (iii) a corneal submodel and a deformable, ciliary-muscle-actuated lens submodel, which refract incoming light rays for focal accommodation, and (iv) a retina with a multitude of photoreceptors arranged in a biomimetic, foveated distribution. The light intensity captured by the photoreceptors is computed using ray tracing from the photoreceptor positions through the finite aperture pupil into the 3D virtual environment, and the visual information from the retina is output via an optic nerve vector. Our oculomotor control system includes a foveation controller implemented as a locally-connected, irregular Deep Neural Network (DNN), or "LiNet", that conforms to the nonuniform retinal photoreceptor distribution, and a neuromuscular motor controller implemented as a fully-connected DNN, plus auxiliary Shallow Neural Networks (SNNs) that control the accommodation of the pupil and lens. The DNNs are trained offline through deep learning from data synthesized by the eye model itself. Once trained, the oculomotor control system operates robustly and efficiently online. It innervates the intraocular muscles to perform illumination and focal accommodation and the extraocular muscles to produce natural eye movements in order to foveate and pursue moving visual targets. We additionally demonstrate the operation of our eye model (binocularly) within our recently introduced sensorimotor control framework involving an anatomically-accurate biomechanical human musculoskeletal model.
The Wearable Cardioverter-Defibrillator (2020)

The wearable cardioverter-defibrillator (WCD) is a rechargeable external device that can be worn under the clothing all day long and protects the wearer from potentially life-threatening ventricular tachyarrhythmias. When a dangerous arrhythmia is detected, the WCD can deliver high-energy shocks. The WCD has been shown to be effective in accurately detecting and appropriately treating ventricular tachycardia (VT) and ventricular fibrillation (VF). It is intended for temporary use as a bridge to an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD), heart transplantation, or left ventricular assist device; patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction may benefit from the WCD while their condition improves. It can be used temporarily after explant of an ICD until reimplantation is deemed possible. In select patients with myocardial infarction, a WCD may be useful during the immediate period after infarction. It is indicated for use when a permanently implanted ICD must be explanted because of infection; the patient can use the WCD until the infection resolves, and a new ICD can be implanted. The role of the WCD is emerging as an important therapeutic option to protect patients at elevated risk of sudden cardiac death (SCD).
Two Small RNAs Conserved in Enterobacteriaceae Provide Intrinsic Resistance to Antibiotics Targeting the Cell Wall Biosynthesis Enzyme Glucosamine-6-Phosphate Synthase (2016)

Formation of glucosamine-6-phosphate (GlcN6P) by enzyme GlcN6P synthase (GlmS) represents the first step in bacterial cell envelope synthesis. In Escherichia coli, expression of glmS is controlled by small RNAs (sRNAs) GlmY and GlmZ. GlmZ activates the glmS mRNA by base-pairing. When not required, GlmZ is bound by adapter protein RapZ and recruited to cleavage by RNase E inactivating the sRNA. The homologous sRNA GlmY activates glmS indirectly. When present at high levels, GlmY sequesters RapZ by an RNA mimicry mechanism suppressing cleavage of GlmZ. The interplay of both sRNAs is believed to adjust GlmS synthesis to the needs of the cell, i.e., to achieve GlcN6P homeostasis. Bacilysin (tetaine) and Nva-FMDP are dipeptide antibiotics that impair cell envelope synthesis by inhibition of enzyme GlmS through covalent modification. However, although taken up efficiently, these antibiotics are less active against E. coli for reasons unknown so far. Here we show that the GlmY/GlmZ circuit provides resistance. Inhibition of GlmS causes GlcN6P deprivation leading to activation of GlmY and GlmZ, which in turn trigger glmS overexpression in a dosage-dependent manner. Mutation of glmY or glmZ disables this response and renders the bacteria highly susceptible to GlmS inhibitors. Thus, E. coli compensates inhibition of GlmS by increasing its synthesis through the GlmY/GlmZ pathway. This mechanism is also operative in Salmonella indicating that it is conserved in Enterobacteriaceae possessing these sRNAs. As GlmY apparently responds to GlcN6P, co-application of a non-metabolizable GlcN6P analog may prevent activation of the sRNAs and thereby increase the bactericidal activity of GlmS inhibitors against wild-type bacteria. Initial experiments using glucosamine-6-sulfate support this possibility. Thus, GlcN6P analogs might be considered for co-application with GlmS inhibitors in combined therapy to treat infections caused by pathogenic Enterobacteriaceae.
Optical FSK/IM Signal Generation Using an Integrated Optical FSK Modulator (2004)

We demonstrate simultaneous optical modulation by frequency shift keying (FSK) and intensity modulation (IM) using a newly developed high-speed FSK modulator, for optical packet systems where payload and label signals are, respectively, in IM and FSK format. The modulator consists of four optical phase modulators, with traveling-wave electrodes to obtain high-speed frequency switching and large frequency deviation in FSK modulation.
Comprehensive Protein-Based Artificial MicroRNA Screens for Effective Gene Silencing in Plants (2013)

Artificial microRNA (amiRNA) approaches offer a powerful strategy for targeted gene manipulation in any plant species. However, the current unpredictability of amiRNA efficacy has limited broad application of this promising technology. To address this, we developed epitope-tagged protein-based amiRNA (ETPamir) screens, in which target mRNAs encoding epitope-tagged proteins were constitutively or inducibly coexpressed in protoplasts with amiRNA candidates targeting single or multiple genes. This design allowed parallel quantification of target proteins and mRNAs to define amiRNA efficacy and mechanism of action, circumventing unpredictable amiRNA expression/processing and antibody unavailability. Systematic evaluation of 63 amiRNAs in 79 ETPamir screens for 16 target genes revealed a simple, effective solution for selecting optimal amiRNAs from hundreds of computational predictions, reaching ∼100% gene silencing in plant cells and null phenotypes in transgenic plants. Optimal amiRNAs predominantly mediated highly specific translational repression at 5' coding regions with limited mRNA decay or cleavage. Our screens were easily applied to diverse plant species, including Arabidopsis thaliana, tobacco (Nicotiana benthamiana), tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), sunflower (Helianthus annuus), Catharanthus roseus, maize (Zea mays) and rice (Oryza sativa), and effectively validated predicted natural miRNA targets. These screens could improve plant research and crop engineering by making amiRNA a more predictable and manageable genetic and functional genomic technology.
China's Role in World Livestock and Feed Grain Markets (1998)

When we look back at trends that shaped u.s. agriculture in the 1990s, economic and dietary changes taking place in China may be among the most important. In the past two decades, China has been transformed from a country that did not meet all of the food needs of its people to one that should be able to provide meat, poultry, dairy products, and even alcohol to a majority of consumers within twenty years. It will have achieved this by allowing markets to work and, hopefully, by utilizing China's comparative advantage. To meet this potential, China will need to change many of the food and trade policies currently in place. If this occurs, the United States will experience a large and sustained growth in agricultural exports and U.S. farmers should temporarily benefit from strong prices. What type of policy changes might take place if China pursues a more open trade policy, and what might these changes mean to U.S. farmers?
A study of photon emission from n-channel MOSFET's (1987)

It is known that an n-channel MOSFET, operating in the saturation region, is accompanied by visible light emission. The spectral distribution of this emitted light is reported in this paper for the first time. It behaves as exp (-α . hv) under various bias conditions (α: constant); the energy state of hot electrons is described as a Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution. The hot-electron temperature in an n-channel MOSFET is experimentally evaluated from the photon spectrum analysis. As compared with the electric field strength calculated by two-dimensional simulation, the hot-electron temperature is found to be determined as a function of the electric field strength in the drain avalanche region.
Synthetic aperture imaging by using spatial modulation diversity technology with stochastic parallel gradient descent algorithm (2015)

In this paper, we propose and demonstrate the synthetic aperture imaging by using spatial modulation diversity technology with stochastic parallel gradient descent (SPGD) algorithm. Instead of creating diversity images by means of focus adjustments, the technology, proposed in this paper, creates diversity images by modulating the transmittance of individual sub-aperture of multi-aperture system, respectively. Specifically, spatial modulation is realized by switching off the transmittance of each sub-aperture with electrical shutters, alternately. Based on these multi diversity images, SPGD algorithm is used for adaptively optimizing the coefficients of Zernike polynomials to reconstruct the real phase distortions of multi-aperture system and to restore the near-diffraction-limited image of object. Numerical simulation and experimental results show that this technology can be used for joint estimation of both pupil aberrations and an high resolution image of the object, successfully. The technology proposed in this paper can have wide applications in segmented and multi-aperture imaging systems.