gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Gated Contextual Adapters For Selective Contextual Biasing In Neural Transducers (2023)

Neural contextual biasing for end-to-end neural ASR transducers has shown significant improvements in the recognition of named entities, such as contact names or device names. However, it comes with the cost of increased compute, as the biasing layers (which are usually based on cross-attention) add complexity to the neural transducers. In this paper, we propose gated contextual biasing models that can estimate at runtime when contextual biasing is needed and can toggle it on or off. That way, contextual biasing does not run on every audio frame, but only on the frames where it can be helpful for correct ASR recognition. We show that our gated contextual biasing models can maintain all the performance improvements of contextual biasing while offering significant compute-cost saving, as the contextual biasing needs to be executed for fewer than 15% of the audio frames.
A fast affine projection algorithm for an acoustic echo canceller using a fixed-point DSP processor (2002)

We present an empirical analysis of the fast affine projection (FAP) algorithm to be used in an acoustic echo cancellation application using a fixed-point DSP processor. We also introduce a modified FAP algorithm that was developed based on our FAP study. Out analysis study shows that the modified FAP algorithm is more robust and provides more consistent performance than the LMS algorithm. The new FAP algorithm is also numerically efficient and easy to implement with a fixed-point DSP processor.
Estimation of stress state-dependent elastic modulus of pavement structure materials using one-dimensional loading test (2019)

An important key parameter used in mechanistic pavement engineering design is the resilient modulus (Mr) or elastic modulus (E) of pavement structure materials. Although the Mr value can be estimated from the California Bearing Ratio (CBR) value by various empirical equations, it is rather inaccurate, and importantly, its dependency on the bulk stress (θ) cannot be taken into account. This paper presents an alternative method for evaluating the E value by a one-dimensional (1D) compression test performed on the sample prepared as usual in the CBR mould. The materials studied consist of sand, lateritic soil, and crushed rock. The CBR mould was modified such that the mobilized θ value can be measured. The nominal constrained modulus (Mo) was determined with a 1D compression test using this mould. Another series of triaxial compression (TC) tests was performed to determine the quasi-elastic Young’s modulus (Eeq). Then, the Eeq value was converted to the corresponding constrained modulus (MTC). It was found that bedding errors are responsible for the constrained modulus difference (ΔM = MTC − Mo), which consists of (i) the independent part of θ (ΔM1) and (ii) the dependent part of θ (ΔM2). By performing a 1D compression test as described above, both the Mo and θ values can be determined, and the ΔM value can be obtained from the ΔM − θ relationship. Then, the true constrained modulus (M1D) can be determined. This M1D can then be converted to the E value for use in a pavement engineering design.
Mechanical Properties of UV-Cured Coatings Containing Multifunctional Acrylates (1990)

Multifunctional (>3) urethane acrylate oligomers were synthesized from HEA, IPDI, various diols and two trifunctional branching monomers. The variation of diol structure, diol molecular weight, type of functionality used on the branching monomer and overall composition of the oligomer was studied to establish structure-property relationships for the oligomers. Formulation of the oligomers with photoinitiators and monofunctional reactive diluents gave low viscosity coating materials which could be applied to various substrates and cured with UV radiation. From the stress-strain behavior of the cured films it was concluded that the molecular weight of the diol reactant was the most significant variable in the control of the mechanical properties. In agreement with results on difunctional oligomers, higher molecular weight diols produced lower tensile strength and modulus while giving increased elongation. Selection of the diluent monomer also contributed significantly to adjusting the mechanical properties of the cured films.
Diastereoselective synthesis of vicinal tertiary and N-substituted quaternary stereogenic centers by catalytic hydroalkylation of dienes (2016)

An efficient and diastereoselective (CDC)-Rh-catalyzed hydroalkylation of dienes with 1,3-oxazol-5(4<i>H</i>)-ones is reported. Aryl and alkyl substituted dienes are converted to α,α-substituted oxazolones (24 examples) by the formation of <i>N</i>-substituted quaternary carbon stereogenic centers in good yields (up to 96%) and with high diastereoselectivity (>20 : 1 dr). The reaction is tolerant of a range of dienes and oxazolones bearing various functional groups. Utility of the oxazolone products is illustrated through hydrolysis to form α,β-substituted α-amino acid analogues and stereoselective epoxidation of the resultant alkene to create four contiguous stereocenters.
An Iterative Learning-Based Modulation Scheme for Torque Control in Switched Reluctance Motors (2000)

This paper deals with an iterative learning approach for modulating the desired torque profile so as to obtain ripple-free torque in switched reluctance motors. Because of the highly nonlinear relation between torque, current, and rotor position for this motor, it is not possible to obtain a closed-form mathematical expression for current as a function of torque and rotor position. Thus, the current waveforms are conventionally computed by using the linear torque model of the motor, and it is well known that such a scheme results in high torque ripple. In this paper, a novel method is proposed to minimize the ripple. In this new scheme, the current is still computed using the linear torque model, but the value of the torque used for this is not the desired (specified) torque, but rather a modulated-desired torque that is obtained by repeated corrections to the desired torque from iteration to iteration. The conventional rectangular pulse profile is taken as the initial current waveform. The method requires much less a priori knowledge of the magnetic characteristics of the motor. The algorithms have been formulated for both one-phase-on and two-phase-on schemes, for a four-phase switched reluctance motor, in the light of the principles behind iterative learning. Based on the observations from the simulation results of these schemes, a modified scheme has been proposed by incorporating a suitable commutation process, often called torque sharing functions, in order to generate reasonably smooth current waveforms for the ease of tracking by the stator circuit of the motor. The performances of all the proposed schemes have been verified by computer simulation.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Tools for Target Identification of the Antiapoptotic Compound CGP 3466. Part 1. (1998)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Somatomedin C : levels in pregnant women at term and after delivery in cord serum (1981)

info:eu-repo/semantics/published
Dactimicin, a new, less toxic aminoglycoside antibiotic active against resistant bacteria. (1987)

Dactimicin is a new member of the pseudodisaccharide group of antibiotics. It possesses an unusual N-formimidoyl group which differentiates it from astromicin. Dactimicin is active against wide variety of bacteria, including resistant strains with aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes. However, AAC(3)-I enzyme slowly acetylates dactimicin. Animal toxicity studies show that the ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity of dactimicin are lower than those of amikacin and gentamicin. No notable abnormal findings have been found in pharmacological and toxicological studies.
Increased stomatal conductance induces rapid changes to photosynthetic rate in response to naturally fluctuating light conditions in rice (2020)

A close correlation between stomatal conductance and the steady-state photosynthetic rate has been observed for diverse plant species under various environmental conditions. However, it remains unclear whether stomatal conductance is a major limiting factor for the photosynthetic rate under naturally fluctuating light conditions. We analysed a SLAC1 knockout rice line to examine the role of stomatal conductance in photosynthetic responses to fluctuating light. SLAC1 encodes a stomatal anion channel that regulates stomatal closure. Long exposures to weak light before treatments with strong light increased the photosynthetic induction time required for plants to reach a steady-state photosynthetic rate and also induced stomatal limitation of photosynthesis by restricting the diffusion of CO<sub>2</sub> into leaves. The slac1 mutant exhibited a significantly higher rate of stomatal opening after an increase in irradiance than wild-type plants, leading to a higher rate of photosynthetic induction. Under natural conditions, in which irradiance levels are highly variable, the stomata of the slac1 mutant remained open to ensure efficient photosynthetic reaction. These observations reveal that stomatal conductance is important for regulating photosynthesis in rice plants in the natural environment with fluctuating light.
The important stuff: Parting words from APHA’s president (2011)

It has been an honor to represent you as APHA president. In my travels, I have often recounted the following story.
Parallel stress and perpendicular strain depth distributions in [001] silicon amorphized by ion implantation (1989)

Measurements performed by x-ray diffraction techniques on silicon wafers implanted with silicon ions show that surface amorphous film and underlying interstitial defects are able to induce wafer convexity. The simulation of the rocking curves obtained by double-crystal diffraction before and after annealing, the measurement of the total vertical expansion of the implanted layer, the determination of the curvature radius, and the use of a theoretical model, directly compatible with the output of rocking curve simulation, recently developed for multilayered crystalline structures, allow us to determine the tangential stress depth distribution of the implanted wafer and the average relaxed volume expansion of the amorphous layer. The results obtained show that both stress and volume expansion increase with dose for a given ion-beam energy. A comparison is made with similar data reported recently in the literature for high-dose arsenic-implanted silicon.
Aromatic reactivity. Part XXXV. Alkali cleavage of aryltrimethylstannanes: an unusual electrophilic aromatic substitution (1967)

We have measured spectrophotometrically the rates of cleavage by aqueous methanolic alkali of the aryl–tin bonds in a series of X·C6H4·SnMe3 compounds. In this reaction, the rate-determining step of which probably involves separation of the carbanion X·C6H4–, the effects of meta substituents are in accord with the Hammett σ constants (σ= 2·18), but the effects of para substituents show an abnormal pattern. For example, there is rate-acceleration not only by electron-withdrawing groups such as p-CF3 and p-Cl, but also by normally electron-releasing groups such as p-OMe and p-NMe2. For the para substituents, the effects are roughly in line with their σ1 constants.The analogy with base-catalysed aromatic hydrogen-exchange is discussed, and substituent effects in the two reactions are compared. An explanation previously advanced for the abnormalities in the hydrogen exchange is examined in the light of the results for the cleavage.
Molecular characterization of [beta]-1,3-glucan synthase from pea tissue (1993)

By means of product entrapment, preparative isoelectric focusing, and glycerol gradient centrifugation in sequence, we have purified pea plasma membrane [beta]-1,3-glucan synthase activity down to two polypeptides of 55 and 70 kD. The N-termini of both these polypeptides are apparently blocked so they could not be sequenced directly. However, we obtained an amino acid sequence for a tryptic fragment of the 55 kD polypeptide. This sequence does not match any other known sequence in the database. We are currently trying to obtain amino acid sequences for other trypsin-generated peptides from the 55 and 70 kD polypeptides. Oligonucleotides corresponding to these peptide sequences will be used to screen a pea cDNA library in order to clone the coding sequences for these polypeptides. Further progress will be presented at the Meetings.
Prognostic significance of DNA cytometry in combination with AgNOR investigation (2007)

Our study showed that DNA and AgNOR parameters correlated with T stage, lymph node involvement, and histologic grade regardless of tumor areas. Significant correlation was found between mean number of AgNOR per nucleus and percentage of aneuploidy. Clinical stage and percentage of aneuploidy correlated with survival (p<0.02). Heterogeneity DNA study revealed aneuploidy in central portions of 90% of tumors, while in margins aneuploidy was demonstrated in about half of the patients.
Abstract P175: Investigating inositol polyphosphate-4-phosphatase, type II (INPP4B) signaling and role in acute myeloid leukemia (2021)

Abstract Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is an aggressive clonal stem cell disorder characterized by invasion of bone marrow, impaired hematopoiesis and accumulation of functionally immature myeloblasts. Our previous studies demonstrated that the expression level of the lipid phosphatase, INPP4B, is associated with poor outcomes in AML. To gain an understanding of the role of Inpp4b in AML progression, we performed RNA sequencing on Inpp4b+/+ and Inpp4b−/− MLL-AF9 leukemias. Analysis of RNA sequencing data revealed that a disproportionately large number of lysosomal gene transcripts are decreased in Inpp4b−/− leukemias; these include cathepsins and lysosomal specific proteases responsible for proteolysis. This discovery provided evidence supporting a potential role for INPP4B in the lysosomal pathway. To validate these findings, immunofluorescence staining of the lysosomal protein LAMP1 was performed, which revealed a greater number of lysosomes in U2OS cells overexpressing INPP4B, and a decrease in lysosome number upon siRNA knockdown of INPP4B. Subsequently the DQ-BSA staining was used to assess INPP4B’s effect on lysosomal function. In both U2OS and the leukemia cells, we observed that INPP4B expression is positively associated with the proteolytic activity of lysosomes. Currently we are testing the role of INPP4B expression on sensitivity to lysosomal inhibitors; Lys05, Chloroquine, and Mefloquine. Overall, we aim to uncover how INPP4B expression in AML controls lysosomal mechanisms and biology and to test putative therapeutic strategies to exploit this pathway. Citation Format: Keyue Chen, Gizem E. Genc, John F. Woolley, Daniel K.C. Lee, Roberto J. Botelho, Leonardo Salmena. Investigating inositol polyphosphate-4-phosphatase, type II (INPP4B) signaling and role in acute myeloid leukemia [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR-NCI-EORTC Virtual International Conference on Molecular Targets and Cancer Therapeutics; 2021 Oct 7-10. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Mol Cancer Ther 2021;20(12 Suppl):Abstract nr P175.
From high definition precision healthcare to precision public oral health: opportunities and challenges (2018)

In anticipation of a major transformation in healthcare, this review provides highlights that anticipate the near future for oral public health (and beyond). Personalized or precision healthcare reflects the expectation that advances in genomics, imaging, and other domains will extend our risk assessment, diagnostic, and prognostic capabilities, and enables more effective prevention and therapeutic options for all Americans. Meanwhile, the current healthcare system does not meet cost, access, or quality criteria for all Americans. It is now an imperative that the success of "smart," quality, and cost-effective high definition precision healthcare requires a public health perspective for several reasons: a) to enhance generalizability, b) to assess methods of implementation, and c) to focus on both risk and prevention in large and small populations, thereby providing a balance between the generation of long-term knowledge and short-term health gains. Sensitivity and resolution, reasonable cost, access to all Americans, coordinated comprehensive care, and advances in whole genome sequencing (WGS) and big data analyses, coupled to other advances in biotechnology and digital/artificial intelligence/machine learning devices, and the behavioral, social, and environmental sciences, offer remarkable opportunities to improve the health and wellness of the American people [genotype + phenotype + environment + behavior = high definition healthcare]. The opportunity is to significantly improve the well-being and life expectancy of all people across the lifespan including the least-advantaged people in our society and potentially increase access, reduce the national costs, and improve health outcomes.
In-plane eddy current analysis for end and interior stator core packets of turbine generators (2008)

This paper describes analyses of in-plane eddy currents, which are generated by the perpendicular flux at both of end and interior stator core packets of turbine generators. The 3-D finite element method considering lamination of the electrical steel sheets is applied to the calculation. The validity of the analysis is examined by a simple apparatus that simulates the stator core of the turbine generator. It is clarified that the in-plane eddy currents are generated not only at the end stator packets, but also at the interior packet due to the duct space. It is also clarified that the in-plane eddy current loss decreases as nearly half by the slits of the stator teeth.
Raman scattering in pure and Ti-doped PbHfO3antiferroelectric crystals (1995)

Raman scattering investigations were performed over a large temperature range from 10 to 700 K on pure and Ti-doped PbHfO3 single crystals. The modifications of the Raman spectra were precisely observed in the vicinity of two structural phase transitions occurring in the crystal: an antiferroelectric (A1) to antiferroelectric (A2) phase transition at 436 K and antiferroelectric (A2) to paraelectric (P) phase transition at 484 K. The characteristic parameters of the Raman structures were determined throughout the whole phase transition sequence. The softening of the two lowest-frequency Raman lines seems to have a dominating influence on the slight increase in dielectric permittivity at the A1 to A2 phase transition in both pure and doped samples suggesting a displacive nature for this transition. For Ti-doped samples the form of the A1 to A2 transition is smoother than for undoped samples while the A1 to P transition appears to be unaffected by doping with Ti.
Berührungslose Vermessung von Werkzeugen für Metallbearbeitungsmaschinen / Non-tactile measurement of machine-operated tools (1984)

Article Berührungslose Vermessung von Werkzeugen für Metallbearbeitungsmaschinen / Non-tactile measurement of machine-operated tools was published on March 1, 1984 in the journal tm - Technisches Messen (volume 51, issue 3).
A Plasmodium Gene Family Encoding Maurer's Cleft Membrane Proteins: Structural Properties and Expression Profiling (2004)

Upon invasion of the erythrocyte cell, the malaria parasite remodels its environment; in particular, it establishes a complex membrane network, which connects the parasitophorous vacuole to the host plasma membrane and is involved in protein transport and trafficking. We have identified a novel subtelomeric gene family in Plasmodium falciparum that encodes 11 transmembrane proteins localized to the Maurer's clefts. Using coimmunoprecipitation and shotgun proteomics, we were able to enrich specifically for these proteins and detect distinct peptides, allowing us to conclude that four to 10 products were present at a given time. Nearly all of the Pfmc-2tm genes are transcribed during the trophozoite stage; this narrow time frame of transcription overlaps with the specific stevor and rif genes that are differentially expressed during the erythrocyte cycle. The description of the structural properties of the proteins led us to manually reannotate published sequences, and to detect potentially homologous gene families in both P. falciparum and Plasmodium yoelii yoelii, where no orthologs were predicted uniquely based on sequence similarity. These basic proteins with two transmembrane domains belong to a larger superfamily, which includes STEVORs and RIFINs.
AlphaFold Prediction of Structural Ensembles of Disordered Proteins (2023)

Abstract Deep learning methods of predicting protein structures have reached an accuracy comparable to that of high-resolution experimental methods. It is thus possible to generate accurate models of the native states of hundreds of millions of proteins. An open question, however, concerns whether these advances can be translated to disordered proteins, which should be represented as structural ensembles because of their heterogeneous and dynamical nature. Here we show that the inter-residue distances predicted by AlphaFold for disordered proteins can be used to construct accurate structural ensembles. These results illustrate the application to disordered proteins of deep learning methods originally trained for predicting the structures of folded proteins.
PR1 Peptide Vaccine-Induced Immune Response Is Associated with Better Event-Free Survival in Patients with Myeloid Leukemia. (2007)

Abstract Background: PR1 is a nonomeric HLA-A2-restricted peptide derived from the myeloid leukemia-associated antigens, proteinase 3 and neutrophil elastase. PR1-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (PR1-CTL) selectively kill MDS, AML and CML and contribute to complete cytogenetic remission. We conducted a phase I/randomized phase II trial to evaluate the safety and efficacy of a PR1 peptide vaccine to elicit PR1-CTL in leukemia patients. Methods: Sixty-six HLA-A2+ patients with acute myeloid leukemia (42), chronic myeloid leukemia (13) or myelodysplastic syndrome (11) were treated with PR1 peptide vaccine. The first 54 patient received three vaccinations, and the last 12 patients received 6 vaccinations. PR1 was injected with incomplete Freud’s adjuvant (Montanide ISA) subcutaneously, at 3 week intervals at one of three dose levels: 0.25, 0.5 or 1.0 mg per vaccination. GM-CSF at a dose of 75 mg was injected subcutaneously into the same site. Immune response to the vaccine was defined as a ≥ 2-fold increase in peripheral blood PR1-CTL. Fifty-three patients had measurable disease and 13 were in complete remission at enrollment. Results: The vaccine was well tolerated, with toxicity limited to grade I and II injection site reactions. PR1-specific immune response was observed in 25/53 (47%) patients with measurable disease. Clinical responses were observed in 9/25 (36%) immune responders versus 3/28 (10%) immune non-responders (p=0.03). The PR1 vaccine-induced immune response was associated with a longer event-free survival, 8.7 months vs. 2.4 months (p = 0.03), and a trend towards longer overall survival. Among the 13 patients treated in complete remission, 4 have remained in remission for a median of 30.5 months (range 11–59 months). This includes continued complete remissions in 3/10 who were IRV+, and 1/3 who were IRV-. PR1-specific immune response lasted for up to 4 years in some patients. In a multivariate model, low bone marrow blast count (&lt;10%) emerged as a significant predictor of an immune response and a longer event-free survival (p=0.001). Conclusion: PR1 peptide vaccine-induced immune response is associated with a clinical response and better event-free survival in patients with myeloid leukemia, who had measurable disease at vaccination. Patients with ≤10% bone marrow blasts are likely to obtain the maximum benefit. Figure Figure