gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Morphological development, cell number, and allocation of cells to trophectoderm and inner cell mass of in vitro fertilized and parthenogenetically developed buffalo embryos: The effect of IGF-I (1996)

The morphology and number of cells in the trophectoderm (TE) and inner cell mass (ICM) of buffalo blastocysts derived from in vitro fertilization and cultured in the presence or absence of insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) were analyzed by differential fluorochrome staining technique. The total cell number (TCN), TE number, and ICM cell number were significantly higher in blastocysts developed in vitro in the presence of IGF-I as compared to blastocysts developed without IGF-I (P < 0.01). It was observed that the buffalo blastocyst took 5-9 days postfertilization to develop in vitro. In order to correlate the time required for blastocyst development and the allocation of cells to TE and ICM, blastocysts were designated as fast (developing on or before day 7) or slow (developing after day 7). The TCN, TE, and ICM cells of fast-developing blastocysts cultured in the presence of IGF-I were significantly higher than slow-developing blastocysts (P < 0.01). The blastocysts developed on day 6 had a mean total cell number 118.6 +/- 21.4, which significantly decreased to 85.6 +/- 17.4, 62.0 +/- 14.5, and 17.0 +/- 4.0 on days 7, 8, and 9, respectively (P < 0.05). Normal development of buffalo embryo showed that, on average, embryos reached compact morula stage at the earliest between days 4.5-5.5. Blastocysts developed, at the earliest, between days 5.0-6.0, and it took them, on average, 6.5 days to hatch from the zona pellucida. TCN, TE, and ICM increased three times from morula to blastocyst; however, the proportion of ICM to TCN remained the same, in both embryonic stages. TE approximately doubled in hatched blastocysts, as compared to unhatched blastocysts (P < 0.05). However, ICM cells were decreased. The time required for development of parthenogenetic blastocysts was observed to be greater as compared to in vitro fertilized (IVF) blastocysts. The total cell number of parthenogenetic blastocysts was 100.8 +/- 11.3, including 59.2 +/- 8.4 cells of TE and 42.1 +/- 6.9 cells of ICM.
Revisitation of the βCl-Elimination Reaction of d-Amino Acid Oxidase (2011)

D-amino acid oxidase (DAAO) from pig has been reported to catalyze the β-elimination of Cl(-) from βCl-D-alanine via abstraction of the substrate α-H as H(+) ("carbanion mechanism") (Walsh, C. T., Schonbrunn, A., and Abeles, R. H. (1971) J. Biol. Chem. 246, 6855-6866). In view of the fundamental mechanistic importance of this reaction and of the recent reinterpretation of the DAAO dehydrogenation step as occurring via a hydride mechanism, we reinvestigated the elimination reaction using yeast DAAO. That enzyme catalyzes the same reactions as the pig enzyme but with a much higher efficiency and a substantially different kinetic behavior. The reaction is initiated by a very rapid and fully reversible dehydrogenation step. This leads to an equilibrium (k(on) ≈ k(reverse)) between the complexes of oxidized enzyme-βCl-D-alanine and reduced enzyme-βCl-iminopyruvate. In the presence of O(2) the latter complex can partition between an oxidative half-reaction and elimination of Cl(-), which proceeds at a rate of ≈50 s(-1). This step forms a complex between oxidized enzyme and enamine that is characterized by a charge transfer absorption (which describes its rates of formation and decay). A minimal scheme that lists relevant steps of the reductive and oxidative half-reactions and elimination pathways along with the estimate of the corresponding rate constants is presented. β-Elimination of Cl(-) is proposed to originate at the locus of the enzyme-βCl-iminopyruvate complex. A chemical mechanism that can account for elimination is discussed in detail.
Fuels of the future. [Steelmaking] (1974)

Steelmaking practice and steel-furnace design, influenced by the past availability of cheap and plentiful natural gas, now face the need to conserve fuel and to use substitute gaseous and liquid fuels. Possible changes in furnace design and operation to conserve energy, and substitute fuels and coal-gasification processes are discussed.
Reactions of protonated 1,3-diaza,-4,4-diphenyl-2-(methylthio)butadienes with isocyanides: preparation of imidazole and triazine derivatives (1989)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTReactions of protonated 1,3-diaza,-4,4-diphenyl-2-(methylthio)butadienes with isocyanides: preparation of imidazole and triazine derivativesGeorges Morel, Evelyne Marchand, Andre Foucaud, and Loic ToupetCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1989, 54, 5, 1185–1191Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1989Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1989https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00266a035https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00266a035research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views270Altmetric-Citations34LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Computational Screening of Organic Semiconductors: Exploring Side-Group Functionalisation and Assembly to Optimise Charge Transport in Chiral Molecules (2020)

Molecular materials are challenging to design as their packing arrangement and hence properties are subject to subtle variations in the interplay of soft intermolecular interactions that are difficult to predict. The rational design of new molecular materials with tailored properties is currently hampered by the lack of knowledge of how a candidate molecule will pack in space and how we can control the polymorphs we can experimentally obtain. Here, we develop a simplified approach to aid the material design process, by the development of a screening process that is used to test 1344 helicene molecules that have potential as organic electronic materials. Our approach bridges the gap between single molecule design, molecular assembly, and the resulting charge-carrier mobilities. We find that fluorination significantly improves electron transport in the molecular material by up to 200%; the reference [6]helicene packing showed a mobility of 0.30 cm2 V-1 s-1, fluorination increased the mobility to up to 0.96 and 0.97 (13-fluoro[6]H and 4,13-difluoro[6]H), assuming an outer reorganisation energy of 0.30 eV. Side groups containing triple bonds largely lead to improved transfer integrals. We validate our screening approach through the use of crystal structure prediction to confirm the presence of favourable packing motifs to maximize charge mobility.
Creating options for 3D-SIC testing (2013)

Summary form only given. Three-dimensional stacked ICs hold the promise of heterogeneous integration, inter-die connections with increased performance at lower power dissipation, and increased yield and hence decreased product cost. However, all of the above can only become true if 3D-SICs can be properly tested for manufacturing defects. Companies have started to develop their test strategies for these products, and the outcome is largely dependent on (1) the necessity of test generation for specific new 3D defects, (2) the feasibility of access the test targets, and (3) the economic trade-offs involved. Test research is needed to create options for these challenges.
Near-optimal sensor placements: maximizing information while minimizing communication cost (2006)

When monitoring spatial phenomena with wireless sensor networks, selecting the best sensor placements is a fundamental task. Not only should the sensors be informative, but they should also be able to communicate efficiently. In this paper, we present a data-driven approach that addresses the three central aspects of this problem: measuring the predictive quality of a set of sensor locations (regardless of whether sensors were ever placed at these locations), predicting the communication cost involved with these placements, and designing an algorithm with provable quality guarantees that optimizes the NP-hard tradeoff. Specifically, we use data from a pilot deployment to build non-parametric probabilistic models called Gaussian Processes (GPs)both for the spatial phenomena of interest and for the spatial variability of link qualities, which allows us to estimate predictive power and communication cost of unsensed locations. Surprisingly, uncertainty in the representation of link qualities plays an important role in estimating communication costs. Using these models, we present a novel, polynomial-time, data-driven algorithm, pSPIEL, which selects Sensor Placements at Informative and cost-Effective Locations. Our approach exploits two important properties of this problem: submodularity, formalizing the intuition that adding a node to a small deployment can help more than adding a node to a large deployment; and locality, under which nodes that are far from each other provide almost independent information. Exploiting these properties, we prove strong approximation guarantees for our pSPIEL approach. We also provide extensive experimental validation of this practical approach on several real-world placement problems, and built a complete system implementation on 46 Tmote Sky motes, demonstrating significant advantages over existing methods.
Pickering Emulsions:  Interfacial Tension, Colloidal Layer Morphology, and Trapped-Particle Motion (2003)

We have studied oil-in-water emulsions stabilized by monodisperse, fluorescent silica colloids presenting either a smooth or a rough surface. The presence of the fluorescent core allows for direct visualization of the colloids on the surface of the emulsion droplets. Droplet interfacial tension, measured by micropipet tensiometry, is not modified by particle adsorption at the interface, suggesting a purely steric stabilization mechanism. Surface roughness is shown to considerably lessen the ability of particles to stabilize droplets. At variance with what is commonly assumed, no straightforward relation exists between the extent of particle interfacial adsorption and emulsion macroscopic stability; stable emulsions can be obtained even with very low droplet surface coverage. Finally, we directly monitor the Brownian motion of the adsorbed particles, showing that their surface diffusion coefficient is very close to the bulk value. Evidence of a possible role of particle surface dynamics on the stabilization of poorly covered droplets is presented.
Depth perception control by hiding displayed images based on car vibration for monocular head-up display (2012)

We have developed a novel depth perception control method for a monocular head-up display (HUD) in a car. However, it is difficult to achieve an accurate depth perception in the real world because of car vibration. To resolve this problem, we focus on a property that people complement hidden images by previous continuous observed images. We hide the image on the HUD when the car is vibrated. We aim to point at the accurate depth position by using HUD images with having users compliment the hidden image positions based on the continuous images before car vibration. We developed a car which detects big vibration by an acceleration sensor and is equipped with our monocular HUD. Our method pointed at the depth position within a 3.4 [m] error, which was 2 times more accurate than the previous method does.
Hydrogenation of Benzene over Catalyst Prepared from Amorphous Pt-Zr Alloy (2001)

The hydrogenation of benzene in a fixed-bed type reactor operated at atmospheric pressure over amorphous Pt–Zr alloys with different platinum composition (Pt20Zr80, Pt28Zr72, Pt32Zr65) produced by a rapid solidification technique was investigated. Although the catalytic activity of the alloys was very low at virgin state, it gradually increased with increasing number of regeneration (oxidation and reduction)-reaction cycles. The activity approached a constant value after 5 or 6 regenerations. The hydrogenation activity of Pt–Zr alloy is higher than those of Pd–Zr and Ni–Zr alloys with the same composition. Furthermore, the turnover frequency of Pt–Zr defined as the reacting molecule per active site per second is also higher than those of Pd–Zr and Ni–Zr alloys. The hydrogenation order of the turnover frequency in the present study is almost the same as the order of the hydrogenation of olefins over the corresponding catalysts prepared from impregnation method. The characterization of the platinum catalyst prepared from the amorphous alloy revealed that the dispersion of platinum is higher than the impregnated catalysts, even though the platinum content of the former catalyst is much higher than that of latter. It is considered that this is a remarkable feature of the amorphous alloy catalyst.
Asymmetric [3H]‐labeling using ruthenium catalyzed transfer hydrogenation (2010)

Abstract The first general method for asymmetric tritiation using ruthenium catalyzed transfer hydrogenation and its application to the radiosynthesis of an exemplary prostaglandin EP4 receptor‐selective Prostaglandin E 2 analog is described. The methodology should be of general utility for the enantioselective preparation of α‐tritiated chiral secondary alcohols. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.
Multi-band, multi-radio wireless LANs and PANs (2009)

Two trends are reshaping wireless personal area networks (WPANs) and wireless local area networks (WLANs). The first is the convergence of WPAN and WLAN functionality in mobile platforms; a single 802.11 radio will increasingly be used for both functions. The second is the availability of new unlicensed spectrum in the 60 GHz band and 600 MHz TV Whitespace band as well as new technology enhancing use of 5 GHz band. Radios that take advantage of this new spectrum and improved use of existing spectrum are being added to mobile platforms. This paper discusses these trends and looks at network and system architectures that take advantage of multi-band radios to provide increased connectivity and performance.
Nodulin Intrinsic Protein 7;1 Is a Tapetal Boric Acid Channel Involved in Pollen Cell Wall Formation (2018)

Boron is an essential plant micronutrient that plays a structural role in the rhamnogalacturonan II component of the pectic cell wall. To prevent boron deficiency under limiting conditions, its uptake, distribution, and homeostasis are mediated by boric acid transporters and channel proteins. Among the membrane channels that facilitate boric acid uptake are the type II nodulin intrinsic protein (NIP) subfamily of aquaporin-like proteins. Arabidopsis (<i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i>) possesses three NIP II genes (<i>NIP5;1</i>, <i>NIP6;1</i>, and <i>NIP7;1</i>) that show distinct tissue expression profiles (predominantly expressed in roots, stem nodes, and developing flowers, respectively). Orthologs of each are represented in all dicots. Here, we show that purified and reconstituted NIP7;1 is a boric acid facilitator. By using native promoter-reporter fusions, we show that NIP7;1 is expressed predominantly in anthers of young flowers in a narrow developmental window, floral stages 9 and 10, with protein accumulation solely within tapetum cells, where it is localized to the plasma membrane. Under limiting boric acid conditions, loss-of-function T-DNA mutants (<i>nip7;1-1</i> and <i>nip7;1-2</i>) show reduced fertility, including shorter siliques and an increase in aborted seeds, compared with the wild type. Under these conditions, <i>nip7;1</i> mutant pollen grains show morphological defects, increased aggregation, defective exine cell wall formation, reduced germination frequency, and decreased viability. During stages 9 and 10, the tapetum is essential for supplying materials to the pollen microspore cell wall. We propose that NIP7;1 serves as a gated boric acid channel in developing anthers that aids in the uptake of this critical micronutrient by tapetal cells.
S-40-4: ANGIOTENSIN II-INDUCED BLOOD PRESSURE ELEVATION WAS POTENTIATED TOGETHER WITH INCREASES IN INTERFERON-GAMMA PRODUCING T CELLS IN INTERLEUKIN-23 RECEPTOR-DEFICIENT MICE (2023)

Objectives: We previously demonstrated a role for γδ T cells in hypertension and vascular injury. In inflammatory conditions γδT17 are a prominent producer of IL-17A, which has been shown to contribute to hypertension. The development and expansion of γδT17 cells is regulated in part through IL-23 receptors (IL-23R). We hypothesized that angiotensin (Ang) II-induced blood pressure (BP) elevation and vascular injury would be blunted in mice with dysfunctional IL-23R. Design and method: Wild-type (WT) and Il23r knock-in ( Il23r gfp/gfp ) mice were infused or not with Ang II (490ng/kg/min, SC) for 7 or 14 days. BP was monitored via telemetry, mesenteric artery function and remodeling using pressurized myography, and T cell profiling in mesenteric artery perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) by flow cytometry. Results: Il23r gfp/gfp mice exhibited a greater BP elevation in response to Ang II than WT by day 3 (152 ± 5 vs 144 ± 7 mm Hg, P &lt; 0.05), which was sustained through day 9 (169 ± 2 vs 155 ± 5 mm Hg, P &lt; 0.05), but eventually similar to that of WT mice by the end of the Ang II infusion (167 ± 2 vs 167 ± 4 mm Hg). Il23r gfp/gfp mice were not protected from vascular dysfunction and remodeling after 14 days of Ang II. Il23r gfp/gfp mice had less γδT17 cells in PVAT than WT mice (40 ± 8 vs 108 ± 15 cells/PVAT, P &lt; 0.05). Ang II increased interferon-γ producing γδ T cells in WT (13 ± 3 vs 5 ± 1 cells/PVAT, P &lt; 0.05) and Il23r gfp/gfp mice (14 ± 3 vs 3 ± 1 cells/PVAT, P &lt; 0.05), and interferon-γ producing CD4 + (125 ± 27 vs 38 ± 13 cells/PVA, P &lt; 0.05) and CD8 + T cells (76 ± 13 vs 33 ± 8 cells/PVA, P &lt; 0.05) only in Il23r gfp/gfp mice. Conclusion: Functional IL-23R deficiency exaggerated BP elevation during the initiation of Ang II-induced hypertension, potentially due to the increased number of interferon-γ producing T cells.
Impact of a steel ball on soft sand (2007)

The radius of the steel ball is 1.25cm, the falling height 2.5 m. For more information, see: Lohse, D., Bergmann, R.P.H.M., Mikkelsen, R., Zeilstra, C., Meer, D. van der, Versluis, M. , Weele, J.P. van der, Hoef, M.A. van der, & Kuipers, J.A.M. Impact on soft sand: Void collapse and jet formation. Phys. Rev. Lett., 93 (19), 198003-1-198003-4. (2004).
Measurement of Working Fluid Distribution within Heat Pipe Wick (1983)

角型および円筒型の二つの型式のヒートパイプのウイック中における作動液の分布におよぼす以下の四つの因子の影響について実験的に検討した.(1) ウイック材料, (2) 加熱量, (3) 作動液封入量, (4) 管の傾斜水平作動での作動液飽和度分布は断熱部および冷却部では一定であるが加熱部では急激に減少する. またこの時の全体の飽和度のレベルは加熱量および作動液の封入量により変化する.管の下方加熱では加熱部同様冷却部でも飽和度が減少し, しかも加熱部では重力の効果により水平設置の場合にくらべて若干飽和度が増加する. 上方加熱では重力の影響で小さな加熱量でもウイックが乾き上がることがある.
A Prospective Study of Self-Reported Sleep Duration and Incident Diabetes in Women (2003)

Short-term sleep restriction results in impaired glucose tolerance. To test whether habitually short sleep duration increases the risk of developing diabetes, we studied a cohort of 70,026 women enrolled in the Nurses Health Study, without diabetes at baseline, and who responded to a question about daily sleep duration in 1986. Subjects were followed until 1996 for the diagnosis of diabetes (1,969 cases). Long and short sleep durations were associated with an increased risk of diabetes diagnosis. The relative risks (RRs) for short (slept < or =5 h per day) and long (slept > or =9 h per day) sleepers were 1.57 (95% CI 1.28-1.92) and 1.47 (1.19-1.80), respectively. After adjustment for BMI and a variety of confounders, the RR was not significantly increased for short sleepers (1.18 [0.96-1.44]) but remained modestly increased for long sleepers (1.29 [1.05-1.59]). We then performed a similar analysis using only symptomatic cases (n = 1,187). Adjusted RRs for symptomatic diabetes were modestly elevated in both short (1.34 [1.04-1.72]) and long (1.35 [1.04-1.75]) sleepers. Our data suggest that the association between a reduced self-reported sleep duration and diabetes diagnosis could be due to confounding by BMI, or sleep restriction may mediate its effects on diabetes through weight gain. Sleep restriction may be an independent risk factor for developing symptomatic diabetes.
Deciphering how LIP2 and POX2 promoters can optimally regulate recombinant protein production in the yeast Yarrowia lipolytica (2016)

This study found that pLIP2 is a promoter of choice as compared to pPOX2 to drive gene expression for recombinant protein production by Y. lipolytica used as cell factory.
[Digoxin-like natriuretic factor, raised during normal pregnancy, is increased in pregnancy-induced hypertension and pre-eclampsia]. (1987)

1. the production of DLF is increased by normal pregnancy; 2. it is increased in PIH and PE in comparison with NP and may explain the increase of peripheral resistance.
Relativistic effects in gold chemistry. 4. Gold(III) and gold(V) compounds (1992)

Hartree-Fock (HF) calculations of the electronic structure and bonding in gold(III) and gold(V) compounds (AuH, AuF, AuCl, AuH, AuF, AuCl, AuBr, AuI, AuF, AuH, AuF, AuCl) have been carried out. Non-relativistic and relativistic pseudopotentials were applied using a [Xe4f]-core definition for the gold atom, however, including the 5s and 5p electrons in the valence space. All bond distances and angles were optimized. Møller-Plesset (MP2-4) calculations on the stability of gold(III) halide complexes were carried out to study the effects of electron correlation at the nonrelativistic and relativistic level of the theory. The relativistic effects in the Au-L bond are analyzed. Relativistic changes in Au(III)-ligand bond distances are calculated to be small compared to those in Au(I) compounds. However, relativistic changes in Au(III)-ligand stretching force constants are very large and of comparable magnitude to that in Au(I) compounds. The preference of the oxidation state III in gold is found to be influenced considerably by relativistic effects and is dependent on the electronegativity of the ligand. The conclusions drawn from previously published HF results (J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1989, 111, 7261) on the stability of AuL (L = F, Cl, Br, I) are confirmed by MP2-4 calculations; i.e., the decomposition AuL → AuL + L occurs less easily relativistically than nonrelativistically. Relativistic effects also contribute to the facile decomposition of AuF into Au and AuF. All calculated AuL compounds (L = H, F, Cl) show T-shaped structures as a result of a first-order Jahn-Teller symmetry breaking of the D trigonal planar structure into the C, arrangement. A rationalization for the polymeric helix structure of AuF is provided. The stability and structure of gold(III) hydride is examined in detail. Multiple scattering Xα calculations were carried out on AuF, AuCl, AuBr, and AuI to determine relativistic effects in the nuclear quadrupole coupling constant for Au. AuCl was prepared, and a single-crystal X-ray analysis was carried out to compare with data obtained by the MP2 method (monoclinic, space group P2/c with a = 6.5906 (9) Å, b = 11.007 (2) Å, c = 6.442 (3) Å, Z = 4, 873 reflections, and R = 0.0561). © 1992 American Chemical Society.