gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Role for Excitatory Amino Acids in Methamphetamine-Induced Nigrostriatal Dopaminergic Toxicity (1989)

The systemic administration of either methamphetamine or 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) to experimental animals produces degenerative changes in nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons or their axon terminals. This study was conducted to determine if excitatory amino acids, which appear to be involved in various neurodegenerative disorders, might also contribute to the dopaminergic neurotoxicity produced in mice by either methamphetamine or MPTP. MK-801, phencyclidine, and ketamine, noncompetitive antagonists of one subtype of excitatory amino acid receptor, the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor, provided substantial protection against neurotoxicity produced by methamphetamine but not that produced by MPTP. These findings indicate that excitatory amino acids play an important role in the nigrostriatal dopaminergic damage induced by methamphetamine.
Petri net model of maglev train running across different control systems (2012)

The general framework of running control system on maglev train was studied according to the running requirements of maglev train running across different control systems.Functional subsystems need to be added was defined.The hierarchical models of system key attributes,maglev operation procedures and the subsystem function were built based on the system theory by using Petri net.The key attributes of whole system were described by the highest model,and the operation procedures of maglev train and the reliabilities of subsystems were presented in the lower level model.The relationship between the failure rates of maglev train running across different control systems and the reliabilities of subsystem components was quantitatively analyzed with the model.It is pointed that the loss ratio of network connecting neibouring control systems should be lower than 10-6 times per hour when the required failure number of maglev train running across different systems is no more than 1 time per year.The failure rates of maglev train running across different control systems are 1.95×10-5 and 1.65×10-5 times per hour when the triggering times equal 0.2 and 2.0 min respectively,and the stepping times equal 4 and 16 min respectively.Simulation result shows that the failure rates of train running across the boundary decrease when the reliabilities of a and b networks are improved,or the triggering time and stepping time of train are prolonged.The reliability requirements of subsystem components based on the required key attributes of system level are quantantatively identified by using the proposed approach.9 figs,14 refs.
Crystal structure of 4-amino-3-(thiophen-3-ylmethyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazole-5(4H)-thione (2017)

In the title compound, C<sub>7</sub>H<sub>8</sub>N<sub>4</sub>S<sub>2</sub>, the thio-phene ring shows rotational disorder over two orientations in a 0.6957 (15):0.3043 (15) ratio. The plane of the 1,2,4-triazole ring makes a dihedral angle of 75.02 (17)° with the major-disorder component of the thiophene ring. In the crystal, two types of inversion dimers, described by the graph-set motifs <i>R</i><sub>2</sub><sup>2</sup>(8) and <i>R</i><sub>2</sub><sup>2</sup>(10), are formed by N-H⋯S inter-actions. Chains of mol-ecules running in the [101] direction are linked by weaker N-H⋯N inter-actions. The thio-phene ring is involved in π-π and C-H⋯π inter-actions.
A New Route to 8-Substituted Pyrrolizidines (1981)

n e s s t a r t m g wlth ~~( ~' -d e h y d r op y r r o l i z ~d m ~u m w r c h l o r a t e is described.Whereas one r o u t e t o 8 -s m s t l t u t e d p y r r o l i z i d i n e s has been hm, it suffered frcm d ~s a d v a n t a g c s particularly of limited scope of t h e reactLon, low o v e r a l l y i e l d s , and use of hlqh pressure hydrogenatmn d e v ~c e s ~' ~.
Adaptive Notch Filter Suppression of Bending Modes. (1980)

A simple, microprocessor oriented algorithm is developed to identify, track and suppress bending mode signals from a control system's rate and position feedback signals using adaptive digital notch filters. The algorithm can be used to suppress bending modes having center frequencies as close as one octave above the control system gain cross-over frequency without introduction of the excessive phase loss associated with conventional lowpass filtering techniques. A third order model of the trident missile autopilot pitch attitude control loop is contaminated with two dynamic, destabilizing bending modes and used as a concept demonstration model. The algorithm is demonstrated by stabilizing the pitch attitude loop in the presence of two bending modes with unknown gains, damping, center frequencies and rates of change of center frequencies.
Reinforcement Learning with Uncertainty Estimation for Tactical\n Decision-Making in Intersections (2020)

This paper investigates how a Bayesian reinforcement learning method can be\nused to create a tactical decision-making agent for autonomous driving in an\nintersection scenario, where the agent can estimate the confidence of its\nrecommended actions. An ensemble of neural networks, with additional randomized\nprior functions (RPF), are trained by using a bootstrapped experience replay\nmemory. The coefficient of variation in the estimated $Q$-values of the\nensemble members is used to approximate the uncertainty, and a criterion that\ndetermines if the agent is sufficiently confident to make a particular decision\nis introduced. The performance of the ensemble RPF method is evaluated in an\nintersection scenario, and compared to a standard Deep Q-Network method. It is\nshown that the trained ensemble RPF agent can detect cases with high\nuncertainty, both in situations that are far from the training distribution,\nand in situations that seldom occur within the training distribution. In this\nstudy, the uncertainty information is used to choose safe actions in unknown\nsituations, which removes all collisions from within the training distribution,\nand most collisions outside of the distribution.\n
Effect of Codeine on the Sensations Elicited by Loaded Breathing (1990)

The present study examined the effect of codeine, a centrally acting opiate, on the respiratory sensations elicited in normal subjects by breathing to exhaustion against externally applied inspiratory threshold loads. Subjects were tested on two separate days following the double-blind, randomized administration of either placebo or codeine (90 mg). The intensity of the sensations of effort and discomfort experienced during two loaded breathing trials (a "high" load that was 73% of the maximum inspiratory pressure (MIP) and a "low" load that was 63% of the MIP) was evaluated using category (Borg) scores on each day of study. To verify that the dosage of codeine administered was sufficient to produce analgesia, we also determined the effect of this dosage on the time that subjects could tolerate immersion of one hand in ice water. Codeine altered neither the perceived effort nor the sense of discomfort associated with breathing against external loads and had no appreciable effect on the time to exhaustion during loaded breathing trials. This dose of codeine did, however, increase the time that ice water immersion could be tolerated and reduced the rate at which the sense of discomfort increased over time during ice water trials. These results indicate that, provided the pressure-time index of respiratory muscle contraction remains constant, analgesic doses of codeine alter neither the sensations elicited by loaded breathing nor the total time that breathing against a fatiguing inspiratory load can be tolerated.
Cross-Tissue Single-Nucleus RNA Sequencing Discovers Tissue-Resident Adipocytes Involved in Propanoate Metabolism in the Human Heart (2023)

Overall, we introduce a new function and genetic link to coronary artery disease for the previously unexplored heart-resident adipocytes.
Antenna Diversity and Space‐Time Coding Techniques (2010)

This chapter focuses on the space-time coding (STC) techniques that are used for achieving the antenna diversity gain. It provides a mathematical description of space-time coded systems. Based on the mathematical model, a pairwise error probability is derived. A space-time code design criterion is described by using a pairwise error probability. The chapter discusses specific examples of STC. Space-time codes can be classified into space-time block codes (STBC) and space-time trellis codes (STTC). The chapter addresses each of these codes. In general, STTCs achieve better performance than STBCs, at the expense of more complexity associated with the maximum likelihood (ML) decoder in the receiver. Controlled Vocabulary Terms diversity methods; space-time block codes; space-time codes; spatial diversity
Global pose estimation using multi-sensor fusion for outdoor Augmented Reality (2009)

Outdoor Augmented Reality typically requires tracking in unprepared environments. For global registration, Global Positioning System (GPS) is currently the best sensing technology, but its precision and update rate are not sufficient for high quality tracking. We present a system that uses Kalman filtering for fusion of Differential GPS (DGPS) or Real-Time Kinematic (RTK) based GPS with barometric heights and also for an inertial measurement unit with gyroscopes, magnetometers and accelerometers to improve the transient oscillation. Typically, inertial sensors are subjected to drift and magnetometer measurements are distorted by electro-magnetic fields in the environment. For compensation, we additionally apply a visual orientation tracker which is drift-free through online mapping of the unknown environment. This tracker allows for correction of distortions of the 3-axis magnetic compass, which increases the robustness and accuracy of the pose estimates. We present results of applying this approach in an industrial application scenario.
AMY-1, a c-Myc-binding Protein, Is Localized in the Mitochondria of Sperm by Association with S-AKAP84, an Anchor Protein of cAMP-dependent Protein Kinase (2001)

We have reported that a novel c-Myc-binding protein, AMY-1 (associate of Myc-1), stimulated the transcription activity of c-Myc. To access the molecular function of AMY-1, a two-hybrid screening of cDNAs encoding AMY-1-binding proteins was carried out with AMY-1 as a bait using a human HeLa cDNA library, and a clone encoding cAMP-dependent protein kinase anchor protein 149 (AKAP149), was obtained. AMY-1 was found to bind in vitro and in vivo to the regulatory subunit II binding region of AKAP149 and S-AKAP84, a splicing variant of AKAP149 expressed in the testis. AMY-1 was expressed postmeiotically in the testis, as S-AKAP84 was expressed. Furthermore, S-AKAP84 and regulatory subunit II, a regulatory subunit of cAMP-dependent protein kinase, made a ternary complex in cells, and AMY-1 was localized in the mitochondria of HeLa and sperm in association with AKAP149 and S-AKAP84, respectively. These results suggest that AMY-1 plays a role in spermatogenesis.
Tandem mass spectrum similarity-based network analysis using 13 C-labeled and non-labeled metabolome data to identify the biosynthesis pathway of the blood pressure-lowering asparagus metabolite asparaptine A (2021)

Abstract Asparaptine, a conjugate of arginine and asparagusic acid, was found in asparagus ( Asparagus officinalis ) as a naturally occurring inhibitor of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) in vitro. The biosynthetic pathway to asparaptine is largely unknown; however, it is suggested that asparagusic acid may be biosynthesized from valine. To determine which metabolites are involved in the asparaptine biosynthetic pathway, we performed tandem mass spectrometry similarity-based metabolome network analysis using 13 C labeled and non-labeled valine-fed asparagus calluses. We determined that valine is used as a starting material, S (2-carboxy- n -propyl)-cysteine as an intermediate, and two new metabolites as asparaptine analogs, lysine- and histidine-type conjugates, are involved in the pathway. Asparaptine was therefore renamed asparaptine A (arginine type), and the two analogs were named asparaptines B (lysine type) and C (histidine type). Oral feeding of asparaptine A to a hypertensive mouse species showed that this metabolite lowers both blood pressure and heart rate within two hours and both of which were back to normal two days later. These results suggest that asparaptine A may not only have effects as an ACE inhibitor, but also has β-antagonistic effects, which are well-known to be preventive for cardiovascular diseases.
Simulation of the effect of inhomogeneities in TEM transmission cells using the FDTD-method (1992)

The finite-difference-time-domain (FD-TD) method is applied to model transverse electromagnetic (TEM) transmission cells in three dimensions. The perturbation of the TEM mode and the standard field distribution in the TEM cell, due to inhomogeneous materials placed inside the cell cavity, is evaluated. Particularly, the dependence of the disturbance of the TEM mode on the dimensions of the material and its position in the TEM cell is studied. The absorption of the electromagnetic fields in the lossy materials, placed in the cell, is also calculated.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Monitoring of dynamically changed graph (2015)

Monitoring of oriented graphs is a key task in many applications. Such monitoring is very specific when the graph models a communication network including Internet and GRID. A node of the network has local information about the network: if "knows" only about the arcs outgoing from this node, but does not "know" where (to which nodes) these arcs go. The nodes of the network exchange messages through the network links represented as arcs of the graph and act as message transfer channels. The graph monitoring is based on its traversal when message passes each arc in the graph. While there is an untraversed arc, we cannot be certain that it goes to still unmonitored part of the graph. Usually, the graph traversal is performed with a single message circulating in the network. Traversal can be done faster if performed in parallel: multiple messages simultaneously circulate in the network. In this paper we consider the parallel monitoring of a graph aimed at not just the graph traversal, but also collection of complete information about the graph in each its node. Another feature of this work is monitoring of a dynamically changing graph: its arcs can disappear, appear or change their destination nodes. An algorithm is proposed, which provides the collection of full information on the graph in each its node.
Radio frequency system for thermal soil remediation (2016)

Radiofrequency (RF) heating of contaminated sediments is an effective and flexible method for soils remediation. Proper design of the antennas responsible of radiating into the sediments has a pivotal importance in the performances of those processes, but difficulties arise due to the fact that the radiators are buried in a lossy, time - variant and temperature - dependent medium. In this paper, a novel system for RF soil heating is presented, with a particular emphasis on the design of antennas. Both simulations and measurements of the system are presented to show the effectiveness and the viability of such systems.
Ubiquitination and ATP levels in garden pea seeds (1996)

Developing and germinating pea seeds contain high levels of ubiquitin conjugated to proteins as detected on western blots. In contrast, the level of dry seed protein‐ubiquitin conjugates in vivo appears low, with mainly free ubiquitin present. The ubiquitination of endogenous dry pea seed proteins is observed in vitro, relying only on already present endogenous ubiquitin, suggesting the enzymatic machinery for ubiquitination is present in the dry seed. Energy source in the form of ATP increased the formation of large molecular mass conjugates, although some conjugation took place without added ATP. The usefulness of dry seeds, having low levels of ATP which can then be manipulated in the in vitro reaction is discussed. ATP and ubiquitin degrading activities are detected in the crude in vitro system, pointing to the need to purify the individual components, or to seek specific inhibitors of the undesirable secondary reactions.
A Role for the Tec Family Tyrosine Kinase Txk in T Cell Activation and Thymocyte Selection (1999)

Recent data indicate that several members of the Tec family of protein tyrosine kinases function in antigen receptor signal transduction. Txk, a Tec family protein tyrosine kinase, is expressed in both immature and mature T cells and in mast cells. By overexpressing Txk in T cells throughout development, we found that Txk specifically augments the phospholipase C (PLC)-gamma1-mediated calcium signal transduction pathway upon T cell antigen receptor (TCR) engagement. Although Txk is structurally different from inducible T cell kinase (Itk), another Tec family member expressed in T cells, expression of the Txk transgene could partially rescue defects in positive selection and signaling in itk(-)(/)(-) mice. Conversely, in the itk(+/+) (wild-type) background, overexpression of Txk inhibited positive selection of TCR transgenic thymocytes, presumably due to induction of cell death. These results identify a role for Txk in TCR signal transduction, T cell development, and selection and suggest that the Tec family kinases Itk and Txk perform analogous functions.
Хирургическое лечение возвратных тахикардий атриовентрикулярного соединения (1986)

В случаях неэффективного медикаментозного лечения пароксизмальной (или постоянной) тахикардии атриовентрикулярного (АВ) соединения производиться имплантация радиочастотной электрокардиостимуляционной системы или создание полной АВ блокады с последующим вживлением электрокардиостимулятора или непосредственное вмешательство на АВ узле. Появившиеся новые методы основаны на перинодальной криоаппликации, или таких, при которых в механизме "риэнтри" участвуют паронодальные соединения, на "сухом" сердце диссекаемые от АВ узла, являются сложными, травмирующими и продолжительными. Нами разработан менее сложный метод, основанный на "криомепинге" и криодеструкции. В отделении хирургии аритмий сердца Каунасской клиники при КМИ МЗ ЛитССР оперировано 43 больных: 34 - произведена имплантация радиочастотного электрокардиостимулятора, 5 - создана полная поперечная блокада, 4 - проведено радикальное хирургическое вмешательство без нарушения АВ проводимости. [...].
A Path to 300 mm Hybrid Silicon Photonic Integrated Circuits (2014)

We describe recent advances in hybrid silicon components and photonic integrated circuits. We present a path towards scalable, ultralow cost photonic integrated circuits (PICs) on 300 mm silicon substrates.
A comparative study of RNN for outlier detection in data mining (2003)

We have proposed replicator neural networks (RNNs) for outlier detection. We compare RNN for outlier detection with three other methods using both publicly available statistical datasets (generally small) and data mining datasets (generally much larger and generally real data). The smaller datasets provide insights into the relative strengths and weaknesses of RNNs. The larger datasets in particular test scalability and practicality of application.
Bir Otomotiv Yan Sanayi Firmasında Tek Modelli Ve Karışık Modelli Montaj Hattı Dengeleme Problemi (2011)

Today, the cost of low capacity usage and inefficient working is substantially high in the systems that have high investment cost. Therefore one of the main purposes of assembly line design is to provide balanced work assignment for each station in order to make them work efficiently and systematically under the time, cost, and location constraints. In this study, assembly line balancing problem of two production lines of an automotive parts supplier company, one line producing for a single model and the other for mixed models, is examined. The priority diagrams of the single model assembly line have been formed and the line balancing problem has been analyzed according to Hoffman Heuristic Method. Line balancing is implemented by using Ranked Positional Weight Method for the mixed model assembly line. The algorithm is written by C# programming language and the material quantity in the boxes has been optimized. An efficiency value for each line is provided and improvements of the lines are summarized.
A Novel Error Correcting System Based on Product Codes for Future Magnetic Recording Channels (2012)

We propose a novel construction of product codes for high-density magnetic recording based on binary low-density parity check (LDPC) codes and binary image of Reed Solomon (RS) codes. Moreover, two novel algorithms are proposed to decode the codes in the presence of both AWGN errors and scattered hard errors (SHEs). Simulation results show that at a bit error rate (bER) of approximately 10^-8, our method allows improving the error performance by approximately 1.9dB compared with that of a hard decision decoder of RS codes of the same length and code rate. For the mixed error channel including random noises and SHEs, the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) is set at 5dB and 150 to 400 SHEs are randomly generated. The bit error performance of the proposed product code shows a significant improvement over that of equivalent random LDPC codes or serial concatenation of LDPC and RS codes.
Chitosan-chondroitin sulphate nanoparticles for controlled delivery of platelet lysates in bone regenerative medicine (2012)

In this study, a new formulation of nanoparticles (NPs) based on the electrostatic interaction between chitosan and chondroitin sulphate (CH-CS NPs) is proposed for the controlled release of proteins and growth factors (GFs), specifically platelet lysates (PLs). These nanoparticulate carriers are particularly promising for protein entrapment because the interactions between the polysaccharides and the entrapped proteins mimic the interactions between chondroitin sulphate and proteins in the native extracellular matrix (ECM). Spherical non-cytotoxic NPs were successfully produced, exhibiting high encapsulation efficiency for physiological levels of GFs and a controlled protein release profile for > 1 month. Moreover, it was also observed that these NPs can be uptaken by human adipose-derived stem cells (hASCs), depending on the concentration of NPs in the culture medium and incubation time. This shows the versatility of the developed NPs, which, besides acting as a protein delivery system, can also be used in the future as intracellular carriers for bioactive agents, such as nucleotides. When the PL-loaded NPs were used as a replacement of bovine serum for in vitro hASCs culture, the viability and proliferation of hASCs was not compromised. The release of PLs from CH-CS NPs also proved to be effective for the enhancement of in vitro osteogenic differentiation of hASCs, as shown by the increased levels of mineralization, suggesting not only the effective role of the delivery system but also the role of PLs as an osteogenic supplement for bone tissue engineering and regenerative medicine applications.