gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
“New” Catalysts for the Ester-Interchange Reaction:  The Role of Alkali-Metal Alkoxide Clusters in Achieving Unprecedented Reaction Rates (1998)

The catalytic effect of alkali-metal tert-butoxide clusters on the rate of ester interchange for several pairs of esters has been determined in nonpolar and weakly polar solvents. Reactivities increase in the order (Li+ < Na+ < K+ < Rb+ < Cs+) with the fastest rates reaching 107 catalytic turnovers per hour (TO/h). Ester interchange rates were sensitive to the size of both the transferring OR groups and the ester substituent. Phenyl esters did not exchange with aliphatic esters due to nonstatistical breakdown patterns in the tetrahedral intermediate. A first-order equilibration analysis on the interchange between tert-butyl acetate (tBuAc) and methyl benzoate (MeBz) (5 mol % NaOtBu) indicated enhanced reaction rates as the reaction proceeded. Isolation and quenching (DCl/D2O) of precipitated catalyst points to a mechanism whereby sequential methoxy incorporation into the catalyst cluster increases activity, but eventually precipitates out of solution as a 3:1 OMe:OtBu cluster. The rate law was determined to be kobs[MeBz]1[tBuAc]0[NaOtBu]x, where x = 1.2(1), 1.4(1), and 0.85(1) in hexane, ether, and THF, respectively, under conditions where tetrameric catalyst aggregates are expected. Reaction rates were generally observed to be higher in nonpolar solvents (hexane > toluene, ether > THF). Eyring analysis over a 40 °C range yielded ΔH‡ = 10.0(1) kcal mol-1 and ΔS‡ = −32(3) eu. A Hammett (σ) plot generated with para-substituted methyl benzoates gave ρ = +2.35 (R = 0.996). These results are interpreted in terms of a catalytic cycle composed of two coupled transesterification reactions with a turnover-limiting addition of a tert-butoxy-containing cluster (tetramer) to methyl benzoate. Catalyst relative reactivities (Cs+ > Rb+ > K+ > Na+ > Li+) are interpreted in terms of competitive electrostatic interactions between the alkali-metal and ground-state and transition-state anions. This analysis predicts the observed linear dependence between log(kobs) and 1/rionic.
Herpesvirus saimiri: Experimental Infection of Squirrel Monkeys (Saimiri sciureus)2 (1973)

Journal Article Herpesvirus saimiri: Experimental Infection of Squirrel Monkeys (Saimiri sciureus) Get access Lawrence A. Falk, Lawrence A. Falk Departments of Microbiology, Rush-Presbyterian-St. Luke's and University of Illinois Medical Centers, Chicago, Illinois 60612 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Lauren G. Wolfe, Lauren G. Wolfe Departments of Microbiology, Rush-Presbyterian-St. Luke's and University of Illinois Medical Centers, Chicago, Illinois 60612 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Friedrich Deinhardt Friedrich Deinhardt Departments of Microbiology, Rush-Presbyterian-St. Luke's and University of Illinois Medical Centers, Chicago, Illinois 60612 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 51, Issue 1, July 1973, Pages 165–170, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/51.1.165 Published: 01 July 1973 Article history Received: 14 December 1972 Accepted: 27 February 1973 Published: 01 July 1973
Amplified energy transfer in conjugated polymer nanoparticle tags and sensors (2010)

Nanoparticles primarily consisting of π-conjugated polymers have emerged as extraordinarily bright fluorescent tags with potential applications in biological imaging and sensing. As fluorescent tags, conjugated polymer nanoparticles possess a number of advantageous properties, such as small particle size, extraordinary fluorescence brightness, excellent photostability, and high emission rate. Exciton diffusion occurring in the nanoparticles results in amplified energy transfer, doubling the energy transfer efficiency in some cases. Amplified energy transfer has been exploited to obtain highly red-shifted emission, oxygen-sensing nanoparticles, and fluorescence photoswitching. Additional observed phenomena are attributable to amplified energy transfer in conjugated polymers, including superquenching by metal nanoparticles, and fluorescence modulation by hole polarons. This feature article presents an overview of recent investigations of optical properties and energy transfer phenomena of this relatively novel type of fluorescent nanoparticle with a viewpoint towards demanding fluorescence-based imaging and sensing applications.
Small ground-independent planar UWB antenna (2006)

In this paper, a small ground-independent planar UWB antenna is proposed. It is designed to cover the UWB band of 3.1 - 10.6 GHz. The antenna is etched onto a piece of PCB. A notch is cut from the radiator to reduce the size of the planar antenna. The simulations and measurements show that its impedance characteristics are ground-plane independent. The performance of the antennas is tested in time and frequency domains.
Use of High-Performance Liquid Chromatography To Study the Pharmacokinetics of Colistin Sulfate in Rats following Intravenous Administration (2003)

The pharmacokinetics of colistin was investigated using specific high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) to measure the concentrations of colistin and colistin A and B in plasma and urine in five rats after administration of an intravenous bolus of 1 mg of colistin sulfate/kg of body weight. There were differences in the pharmacokinetic behaviors of unbound colistin A and B. This is the first report of the use of HPLC to study the pharmacokinetics of colistin and its two major components.
Bispectral Analysis of Energy Transfer within the Two-Dimensional Oceanic Internal Wave Field (2005)

Abstract Bispectral analysis of the numerically reproduced spectral responses of the two-dimensional oceanic internal wave field to the incidence of the low-mode semidiurnal internal tide is performed. At latitudes just equatorward of 30°, the low-mode semidiurnal internal tide dominantly interacts with two high-vertical-wavenumber diurnal (near inertial) internal waves, forming resonant triads of parametric subharmonic instability (PSI) type. As the high-vertical-wavenumber near-inertial energy level is raised by this interaction, the energy cascade to small horizontal and vertical scales is enhanced. Bispectral analysis thus indicates that energy in the low-mode semidiurnal internal tide is not directly transferred to small scales but via the development of high-vertical-wavenumber near-inertial current shear. In contrast, no noticeable energy cascade to high vertical wavenumbers is recognized in the bispectra poleward of ∼30° as well as equatorward of ∼25°. A new finding is that, although PSI is possible equatorward of ∼30°, the efficiency drops sharply as the latitude falls below ∼25°. At all latitudes, another resonant interaction suggestive of induced diffusion is found to occur between the low-mode semidiurnal internal tide and two high-frequency internal waves, although bispectral analysis shows that this interaction plays only a minor role in cascading the low-mode semidiurnal internal tide energy.
UAV-Assisted Multi-Access Computation Offloading via Hybrid NOMA and FDMA in Marine Networks (2022)

With the rapid development of marine networks, there have been growing demands for computation-intensive and delay-sensitive marine applications and services. However, the limited underwater energy supply and the acoustic channels result in the low efficiency for computing tasks and high transmission delay. In this paper, we investigate the unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs)-assisted multi-access computation offloading in marine networks, with the objective of minimizing the energy consumption of ocean devices. Specifically, for the underwater segment, we consider the scenario that multiple underwater sensor nodes (USNs) covered by the unmanned surface vehicle (USV) upload their sensing data via non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) for improving the channel utilization. For the radio frequency segment, we consider the scenario that multiple UAVs hovering in the air act as the aerial edge servers for providing computing services, in which the USV offloads the workloads to UAVs via frequency division multiple access (FDMA) for avoiding their co-channel interference, while taking into account that a malicious node overhears the USV's offloading transmission. To improve the computation offloading efficiency, we formulate an optimization problem for USNs and USV to minimize the total energy consumption by jointly optimizing the USN's uploading time, USV's computation offloading, USV's offloading time, and the secrecy provisioning. Despite the non-convexity of the formulated joint optimization problem, we exploit a layered structure to decompose the problem, and propose efficient algorithms to obtain the optimal solutions. Finally, we conduct simulations to validate the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed algorithms. Numerical results demonstrate that our algorithms can significantly reduce the energy consumption in comparison with the benchmark schemes.
Adrenergic Mechanisms and the Pulmonary Vascular Response to Respiratory Acidosis (1976)

The role of sympathetic mechanisms in mediating the pulmonary vasoconstrictor response to respiratory acidosis was studied in intact dogs. Arterial oxygen tension and ventilation were maintained at resting levels and the response was studied during a constant level of alpha- and beta-adrenergic blockade. There were significant increases in the pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) and pulmonary perfusion pressure and no change in pulmonary blood flow (Q) when the dogs breathed 5% CO2 for 10 min. The alpha-adrenergic blocking agent, phenoxybenzamine, did not significantly alter the pulmonary vascular response, while the beta-adrenergic blocking agent, propranolol, enhanced the response. Phenoxybenzamine significantly reduced the resting pulmonary perfusion pressure from control values, while propranolol did not alter it. Both propranolol and phenoxybenzamine produced comparable decreases in the resting Q from control values. The resting PVR increased to a greater extent with propranolol than with phenoxybenzamine. These results indicate that adrenergic mechanisms do not play a role in mediating rise in PVR induced by respiratory acidosis. The finding that the pulmonary vasoconstrictor response to respiratory acidosis is enhanced during beta-adrenergic blockade suggests that vasoconstrictor alpha-receptors may be unmasked during beta-adrenergic blockade. Finally, the studies suggest that both alpha- and beta-receptors contribute to maintaining the resting PVR.
A Method for Estimating Initial Pole Position of Surface Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors Using Pulse Voltage (2005)

The initial pole position must be estimated for speed sensor-less vector control of PM motors. This paper presents a method to estimate initial pole position for Surface Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors (SPMSM). For estimating the initial pole position, we utilize Fourier transformation for detecting the inductance change caused by rotor magnetic saliency. The six inductances, obtained by Fourier transformation of the voltage and current measured when a pulse voltage is applied to the motor armature winding respectively, will directly provide the exact information of pole position. The polar distinction is also carried out using Fourier transformation on the basis of the inductance change caused by magnetic saturation. Experimental results on a 0.3-kW 8-pole SPMSM demonstrate the validity of the proposed method. Although no machine was coupled with the tested motor, there was no change in rotor position during pole position estimation. In polar distinction, the maximum rotor position change was only 1.38 electric degrees. A method to estimate initial pole position without a motor voltage sensor is also discussed.
Rapid Derivatization and Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry Analysis of Dipeptides in Aqueous Solution (1997)

The technique developed by Husek and modified by this laboratory for the derivatization of amino acids in aqueous solution using ethylchloroformate/trifluoroethanol/pyridine prior to gas chromatography positive- and negative-ion chemical ionization mass spectrometry was extended to the analysis of a broad range of dipeptides with diverse amino acid side chains. Twelve dipeptides and one tripeptide in aqueous solution were successfully analyzed with this technique. After isolation of a peptide mixture, the derivatization and analysis time is approximately 10 min. The detection limits of the dipeptide derivatives were generally in the picomole range. The method was also applied to the analysis of a commercial sugar substitute which contains a dipeptide and free amino acids. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
HIGH SPEED MELT SPINNING OF POLYETHYLENETEREPHTHALATE (PET); EFFECT OF MOLECULAR WEIGHT (1978)

PET filaments have been produced by the high speed melt spinning method in the range of take-up velocity, 1, 000-8, 000m/min for the three different molecular weight PET (_??_η=18, 400, 20, 500, 29, 800).The physical and mechanical properties of these filaments were studied as a function of molecular weight. The following results were obtained.(1) Until the take-up velocity reaches 4, 000-5, 000m/min, the fiber structure formation by oriented crystallization develops at lower take-up velocity for the higher molecular weight sample. It is suggested that the elongational viscosity varied by the molecular weight affects the crystallization of PET under the orientation in the high speed melt spinning.(2) The degree of molecular orientation and the degree of crystallization show levelling off after the spinning velocity reaches 4, 000-5, 000m/min. The values of these levels are lower for the higher molecular weight sample, indicating that the increase in the molecular weight does not lead to the development of the fiber structure in the melt spinning. Decreased molecular motion of the higher molecular weight PET may give rise to this fact.(3) For the fibers spun at the take up velocity near the critical spinnability, the decrease in the densities, the reduction of the birefringences, the development of crimps and the appearance of a shoulder melting peak in the DSC thermograms, were found. These may be due to the sliding or the scission of the chain molecules or to the increase in the void content. Further investigations are aimed at these problems.
THE SOLVENT EXTRACTION OF PROTACTINIUM (1956)

The variation of the experimental extraction coefficient for protactinium upon dilution of the solvent ketone with benzene has been determined for aqueous solutions at constant concentration of hydrochloric acid. The bromo complex has been shown to be far less readily extracted. The effects on the extraction of the nitrate complex by amyl acetate, of the nitric acid, of the nitrate and hydrogen ion concentrations in the aqueous phase, as well as of the dilution of the solvent with benzene, have been explored. The existence of a slow reaction in the extraction has been demonstrated. It is concluded that chloride solutions are the more reliable for the isolation of protactinium from concentrates.
Studies on Dry Matter Production of Soybean Plant : I. Ontogenic changes in photosynthetic-and respiratory capacity of soybean plant and its parts. (1965)

Soybean plants, var Shirohara-Sai No. 1 were cultivated under field condition, and the various, characters related to photosynthesis and respiration were observed at about two weeks intervals. The results obtained are as follows; (1) Total area of green leaves increases upto the begining of ripening and then decreases because of senescence. (2) Photosynthetic activity (photosynthetic rate per unit area of leaf) of individual leaves of main stem increases with the development of the leaves and after attaining a maximum value, declines with progress of senescence. These processes proceed successively from lower leaves to upper leaves. However, in several upper leaves, senescence occurs simultaneously with advancement of maturation irrespective of the time of formation. The maximum value of photosynthetic activity of each leaf rises with the rise of the position of leaf on the main stem. (3) Photosynthetic activity of the leaves of main stem is higher than that of the leaves of branches. (4) Total photosynthetic capacity of leaves (sum of photosynthetic rate of individual leaves on plant) increases with growth upto the begining of ripening and then decreases. (5) Green pods have somewhat photosynthetic capacity but is small compared to that of the leaves. (6) Green part of stem has photosynthetic capacity, too, but of lower rate than that of pods. (7) Respiratory activity (respiration rate per unit weight of tissue) is highest in leaf, lowest in stem and intermediate in root. Respiratory activity of young pods is very high, but with progress of ripening it declines rapidly. (8) At the first half of the growth period, respiratory capacity (total amount of respiration of each part of plant) is largest in leaves and is relatively small in other parts. At the second half of the growth, both pods and leaves are predominant in respiratory capacity.
Transfer and Amplification of a Mutant β-Tubulin Gene Results in Colcemid Dependence: Use of the Transformant To Demonstrate Regulation of β-Tubulin Subunit Levels by Protein Degradation (1986)

Total genomic DNA from a temperature-sensitive, colcemid-resistant Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell mutant expressing an electrophoretic variant beta-tubulin was used to transform wild-type CHO cells to colcemid-resistant cells at 37 degrees C. Southern blot analysis of the transformant demonstrated the three- to fivefold amplification of one of many beta-tubulin sequences compared with that of the wild type or mutant, thereby identifying a functional tubulin gene in CHO cells. This amplification of one tubulin-coding sequence resulted in a threefold increase in two beta-tubulin mRNA species, suggesting that both species may be encoded by a single gene. Pulse-chase experiments showed that in the transformant, total beta-tubulin was synthesized and degraded faster than in the revertant or wild-type cells, so that the steady-state levels of beta-tubulin and alpha-tubulin were unchanged in the transformant compared with those of wild-type, mutant, or revertant cells. Increased ratios of mutant to wild-type beta-tubulin made the transformant dependent on microtubule-depolymerizing drugs for growth at 37 but not 34 degrees C and supersensitive to the microtubule-stabilizing drug taxol at 34 degrees C.
ACM multimedia 2008 (2008)

The Semantic Ambient Media Experiences (SAME) workshop series aims at the development of semantic ambient media as new form of media. SAME provides a forum for scientists, practitioners, artists, content producers, industry, and researchers to discuss results in the field of ambient media. The multidisciplinary workshop shall raise awareness and promote collaboration between the leaders in the field of ambient media. The SAME 2008 was the premiere of a series of workshops held in conjunction with ACM Multimedia 2008 in Vancouver, Canada. The result of the workshop shall be an Internet platform for people interested in the field of ambient media. The workshop aims at the creation of a think-tank of creative thinkers with interest in glimpsing the future of semantic ambient media. To join our future activities or our mailing list, please refer to our website on http://namu.cs.tut.fi/acmmm2008/same2008/.
A Fast-Response Flame Ionization Detector for Exhaust Hydrocarbons (1966)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;A hydrogen flame ionization detector with a specially designed sample inlet system has been developed which makes it possible to monitor continuously and accurately the total hydrocarbon content of exhaust gases from a cyclically operating engine. The apparatus has a sample delay time (that is, the time required for the exhaust sample to travel from the sampling point to the detector) of about 1 sec, enabling it to follow rapidly changing engine operating conditions.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Hydrocarbon emission (HCE) measurements with the fast-response detector are shown to be substantially higher and more indicative of absolute hydrocarbon concentration than values obtained using nondispersive infrared equipment according to the California test procedure. In addition, sample delay time is shown to affect apparent HCE values.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;By using high ratios of hydrogen-to-sample gas flow rates to the detector, errors in hydrocarbon measurement resulting from oxygen interference can be held to less than 10%, thereby making the device suitable for monitoring HCE from cars employing exhaust air injection for emission control.&lt;/div&gt;
Effect of omega‐3 fatty acids on canine atopic dermatitis (2004)

Twenty-nine dogs were included in a double-blinded, placebo-controlled, randomised trial and were orally supplemented for 10 weeks with either flax oil (200 mg/kg/day), eicosapentaenoic acid (50 mg/kg/day) and docosahexaenoic acid (35 mg/kg/day) in a commercial preparation, or mineral oil as a placebo. For each dog, clinical scores were determined based on a scoring system developed prior to the trial. Total omega-6 and omega-3 intake and the ratio of omega-6:omega-3 (omega-6:3) were calculated before and after the trial. The dogs' clinical scores improved in those supplemented with flax oil and the commercial preparation, but not in the placebo group. No correlation was identified between total fatty acid intake or omega-6:3 ratio and clinical scores. Based on the results of this study, the total intake of fatty acids or the omega-6:3 ratio do not seem to be the main factors in determining the clinical response.
Vers une utilisation efficace des processeurs multi-coeurs dans des systèmes embarqués à criticités multiples (2017)

Complex embedded systems today commonly involve a mix of real-time and best-effort applications integrated on separate microcontrollers thus ensuring fault isolation and error containment. However, this solution multiplies hardware costs, power consumption and thermal dissipation.The recent emergence of low-cost multi-core processors raises the possibility of running both kinds of applications on a single machine, with virtualization ensuring isolation. Nevertheless, the memory hierarchy on such processors is shared between all cores. Memory accesses done by a real time application running on one dedicated core can be slowed down by concurrent memory accesses initiated by best effort applications running in parallels. Therefore real time applications can miss their deadlines.In this thesis, we propose a run-time software-regulation approach that aims to maximize parallelism between real-time and best-effort applications running on a single low-cost multicore ECU. Our approach uses an overhead estimation derived from offline profiling of the real-time application to estimate the slow down on the real-time application caused by memory interferences. When the estimated overhead reaches a predefined threshold, our approach suspends the best-effort applications, allowing the real-time task to continue executing without interferences. Suspended best-effort applications are resumed when the real-time application ends its current activation.