gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
MEASURING NITRIFICATION RATES FOR BIG PAYOUTS (2002)

MEASURING NITRIFICATION RATES FOR BIG PAYOUTSA three year-long investigation sponsored by the Water Environment Research Foundation and many supporting agencies addressed the need for simple methods of measuring critical parameters in IAWQ-type activated sludge models. One of the critical parameters identified in this project was the maximum specific nitrifier growth rate (μA) because of its impact on sizing and control of nitrifying...Author(s)H. MelcerP. Tam BrownP. WokulichJ.R. CoughenourP.L. DoldR. JonesC. ByeH.D. StenselR. KeSourceProceedings of the Water Environment FederationSubjectSession 75 - Plant Operations and Maintenance/Lab Practices: Plant Operations and Maintenance—Process Optimization and Nutrient RemovalDocument typeConference PaperPublisherWater Environment FederationPrint publication date Jan, 2002ISSN1938-6478SICI1938-6478(20020101)2002:10L.189;1-DOI10.2175/193864702784164875Volume / Issue2002 / 10Content sourceWEFTECFirst / last page(s)189 - 202Copyright2002Word count182
Electroless Copper Plating on PZT Ceramics. (1995)

PZTセラミックスは, 圧電性を有するので, 圧力センサやレゾネータ, コンデンサなどの電子部品に利用されている。従来, PZTセラミックス上の電極や回路形成には, 導電性ペーストが利用されてきた。しかし, 電子部品の小型化に伴う微細回路の形成には, 導電性ペーストの適用が困難となってきた。それゆえ, PZTセラミックス上への無電解銅めっきの成膜について検討を行った。通常, セラミックスと無電解銅めっき間の密着性を得るためには, セラミックス表面を酸でエッチングする必要がある。しかし, PZTセラミックスの場合, エッチングを行うと本来持っている電気的特性が著しく低下するため, エッチングレスで無電解銅めっきを成膜する手法が求められている。そこで, 無電解銅めっきおよびその前処理の最適条件を検討した結果, PZTセラミックス上にふくれや密着不良のない析出銅皮膜が得られた。
FIRT: Filtered iterative reconstruction technique with information restoration (2016)

Electron tomography (ET) combining subsequent sub-volume averaging has been becoming a unique way to study the in situ 3D structures of macromolecular complexes. However, information missing in electron tomography due to limited angular sampling is still the bottleneck in high-resolution electron tomography application. Here, based on the understanding of smooth nature of biological specimen, we present a new iterative image reconstruction algorithm, FIRT (filtered iterative reconstruction technique) for electron tomography by combining the algebra reconstruction technique (ART) and the nonlinear diffusion (ND) filter technique. Using both simulated and experimental data, in comparison to ART and weight back projection method, we proved that FIRT could generate a better reconstruction with reduced ray artifacts and significant improved correlation with the ground truth and partially restore the information at the non-sampled angular region, which was proved by investigating the 90° re-projection and by the cross-validation method. This new algorithm will be subsequently useful in the future for both cellular and molecular ET with better quality and improved structural details.
Synthesis and Biological Characterisation of Novel N‐Alkyl‐Deoxynojirimycin α‐Glucosidase Inhibitors (2009)

The N-alkylated deoxynojirimycin compound, N-(6'-(4''-azido-2''-nitrophenylamino)hexyl)-1-deoxynojirimycin (6) was synthesised as a potential photoaffinity probe for endoplasmic reticulum (ER) alpha-glucosidases I and II. Surprisingly this compound was a highly potent inhibitor of alpha-glucosidase I (IC(50), 17 nM) in an in vitro assay and proved equally effective at inhibiting cellular ER glucosidases, as determined by a free oligosaccharide (FOS) analysis. A modest library of compounds was synthesised to obtain structure-activity information by variation of the N-alkyl chain length and modifications to the azido-nitrophenyl group. All of these compounds failed to improve on the efficacy of compound 6, but most showed greater enzyme inhibitory potency than N-butyl-deoxynojirimycin (NB-DNJ), a pharmacological agent that has been evaluated for the treatment of several viruses for which infectivity is dependent on host cell glycosylation.
Sodium/iodide symporter in thyroid cancer (2001)

TEST 02 - Elsevier's Scopus, the largest abstract and citation database of peer-reviewed literature. Search and access research from the science, technology, medicine, social sciences and arts and humanities fields.
Business Process Compliance via Security Validation as a Service (2013)

Modern enterprise systems are often process-based, i.e., they allow for the direct execution of business processes that are specified in a high-level language such as BPMN. In this paper, we present a service, called Security Validation as a Service (SVaaS) for validating the compliance of the business processes during design-time. Basically, while modeling a business process the business analyst specifies as well the security and compliance requirements the business process should comply to. By pressing a button, these requirements are validated and the results are presented in a graphical format to the business analysis. At the core of SVaaS lies a rigorous and industrially viable approach in which the security validation business logic is handled server-side (SVaaS Server) in the Cloud, while the client-side user interface that business analysts use is handled by a light-weight SVaaS Connector. As proof-of-concept we created a SVaaS prototype in which the SVaaS Server is deployed on the SAP NetWeaver Cloud and two SVaaS Connectors are built to enable two well-known BPMN tools, SAP NetWeaver BPM and Activiti, to consume SVaaS against industrial relevant business processes.
An asset-based approach to social risk management : a conceptual framework (1999)

There is increasing concern about the vulnerability of poor and near-poor rural households, who have limited capabilities to manage risk and often resort to strategies that can lead to a vicious cycle of poverty. Household-related risk is ususally considered individual or private, but measures to manage risk are actually social or public in nature. Furthermore, various externality issues are associated with household-related risk, such as its links to economic development, poverty reduction, social cohesion, and environmental quality. Hence the need for a holistic approach to risk management, or"social risk management, "which encompasses a broad spectrum of private and public actions. An asset-based approach to social risk management is presented, which provides an integrated approach to considering household, community, and extra-community assets and risk-management strategies. The conceptual framework for social risk management focuses on rural Sub-Saharan Africa. The report concludes with several suggestions on moving from concepts to actions.
Direct Determination of Primidone in Serum or Plasma by a Magnetisable Solid-Phase Fluoroimmunoassay (1983)

A solid-phase separation fluoroimmunoassay for primidone in plasma or serum was developed using antibodies coupled to magnetisable cellulose/iron oxide particles and a fluorescein-labelled primidone derivative as tracer. Endogenous fluorophores and other potentially interfering components in serum samples were reliably and completely removed at the time the antibody-bound and free fractions were being separated. The separation and wash steps were greatly facilitated by use of magnetic sedimentation. The assay reached equilibrium within 30 minutes; all normal reliability criteria were satisfied; and the results correlated closely with those of an established enzymoimmunoassay method. The assay is specific for primidone, and no detectable interference by all other commonly employed anticonvulsants was found at serum levels of 1 g/l.
Elastic constants of layers in isotropic laminates (2003)

The individual laminae elastic constants in multilayer laminates composed of dissimilar isotropic layers were determined using ultrasonic-resonance spectroscopy and the linear theory of elasticity. Ultrasonic resonance allows one to measure the free-vibration response spectrum of a traction-free solid under periodic vibration. These frequencies depend on pointwise density, laminate dimensions, layer thickness, and layer elastic constants. Given a material with known mass but unknown constitution, this method allows one to extract the elastic constants and density of the constituent layers. This is accomplished by measuring the frequencies and then minimizing the differences between these and those calculated using the theory of elasticity for layered media to select the constants that best replicate the frequency-response spectrum. This approach is applied to a three-layer, unsymmetric laminate of WpCu, and very good agreement is found with the elastic constants of the two constituent materials.
A State-of-the-Art Modeling Technique for Thrust Prediction in Bottom Hole Electrical Submersible Pumps (2015)

Abstract Thrust in Electrical Submersible Pumps (ESPs) is a very important factor that affects pumps' performance. Thrust forces in pumps can increase the friction losses and reduce the overall pump efficiency and lifetime. Pump designers have to design pumps to handle thrust generated in the operating range whether by adding up-thrust protection, down-thrust protection, or sometimes both kinds of protections if the operating range includes both up and down thrust. Hydraulic thrust mainly depends on the hydrodynamic forces generated inside ESPs. These hydrodynamic forces depend on many factors like blade loading, seal geometries, seal diameters, seal engagement, and balance holes location and sizes. Not only is the thrust magnitude important to predict, but also the shape of the thrust curve plays an important role in defining the operating range. If the thrust curve is flat, then this means a wider operating range for the pump. Currently, no model is available to predict or design for thrust curve. Engineers use an iterative process of manufacturing and testing trying to reach the optimum seal configuration and balance holes geometry for better thrust and pump performance. In this paper, a detailed CFD model of a mixed flow multistage ESP is presented including all seal elements and balance holes to be able to predict hydraulic thrust. Thrust curve is predicted for the first time using CFD analysis. Different seal geometries and balance holes configuration is also modeled to study the effect of geometry change on thrust curve. The model is validated using experimental test results. Also, other design parameters like the shape of the head curve, pump efficiency, and gas handling capability were controlled early in the design phase using CFD analysis.
Modeling mobile IP in mobile UNITY (1999)

With recent advances in wireless communication technology, mobile computing is an increasingly important area of research. A mobile system is one where independently executing components may migrate through some space during the course of the computation, and where the pattern of connectivity among the components changes as they move in and out of proximity. Mobile UNITY is a notation and proof logic for specifying and reasoning about mobile systems. In this article it is argued that Mobile UNITY contributes to the modular development of system specifications because of the declarative fashion in which coordination among components is specified. The packet-fowarding mechanism at the core of the Mobile IP protocol for routing to mobile hosts is taken as an example. A Mobile UNITY model of packet forwarding and the mobile system in which it must operate is developed. Proofs of correctness properties, including important real-time properties, are outlined, and the role of formal verification in the development of protocols such as Mobile IP is discussed.
ChemInform Abstract: EINFLUSS STERISCHER FAKTOREN BEI DER ASYMMETRISCHEN SYNTH. VON ALPHA‐SUBSTITUIERTEN AETHYLAMINEN DURCH INTERMEDIAERE SCHIFFSCHE‐BASEN, BESTIMMUNG DER OPTISCHEN REINHEIT DER AMINE (1971)

Abstract Die Reaktion der Ketone (I) mit dem (R)‐(+)‐ oder (S)‐(‐)‐Amin (II) führt in Gegenwart von p‐Toluolsulfonsäure zu den (+)‐ oder (‐)‐Schiffschen Basen (III) (50‐80% Ausbeute), die entweder zu Gemischen von zwei Diastereomeren der Amine (IV) (7 0‐85%) reduziert und anschließend an Pd‐hydroxid/Kohle zu den Aminen (V) (60‐82% der Hydrochloride) debenzyliert werden oder die durch direkte Hydrierung an Pd‐hydroxid/Kohle die Amine (V) (62‐7 8% der Hydrochloride) ergeben.
Peak to average power reduction for OFDM schemesby selective scrambling (1996)

A selective scrambling technique is proposed for reducing the peak to average power ratio (PAPR) in QPSK-OFDM systems, while incurring negligible redundancy. Formulation of an appropriate function for selecting between scrambled sequences is discussed, and simulation shows that scrambling reduces the PAPR of the OFDM signal to typically 2% of the maximum possible value.
The Construction of All‐Carbon Quaternary Stereocenters by Use of Pd‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Allylic Alkylation Reactions in Total Synthesis (2013)

Abstract All‐carbon quaternary stereocenters have posed significant challenges in the synthesis of complex natural products. These important structural motifs have inspired the development of broadly applicable palladium‐catalyzed asymmetric allylic alkylation reactions of unstabilized non‐biased enolates for the synthesis of enantioenriched α‐quaternary products. This microreview outlines key considerations in the application of palladium‐catalyzed asymmetric allylic alkylation reactions and presents recent total syntheses of complex natural products that have employed these powerful transformations for the direct, catalytic, enantioselective construction of all‐carbon quaternary stereocenters.
Subject-specific biomechanical modelling of the oropharynx: towards speech production (2015)

Biomechanical models of the oropharynx are beneficial to treatment planning of speech impediments by providing valuable insight into the speech function such as motor control. In this paper, we develop a subject-specific model of the oropharynx and investigate its utility in speech production. Our approach adapts a generic tongue-jaw-hyoid model (Stavness et al. 2011) to fit and track dynamic volumetric MRI data of a normal speaker, subsequently coupled to a source-filter based acoustic synthesizer. We demonstrate our model's ability to track tongue tissue motion, simulate plausible muscle activation patterns, as well as generate acoustic results that have comparable spectral features to the associated recorded audio. Finally, we propose a method to adjust the spatial resolution of our subject-specific tongue model to match the fidelity level of our MRI data and speech synthesizer. Our findings suggest that a higher resolution tongue model - using similar muscle fibre definition - does not show a significant improvement in acoustic performance, for our speech utterance and at this level of fidelity; however we believe that our approach enables further refinements of the muscle fibres suitable for studying longer speech sequences and finer muscle innervation using higher resolution dynamic data.
Two-dimensional tungsten oxide nanowire networks (2006)

The authors report the synthesis and characterization of two-dimensional (2D) single crystalline nanonetworks consisting of tungsten oxide nanowires with diameters of ca. 20nm. The 2D networks are believed to result from the nanowire growth along the four crystallographic equivalent directions of ⟨110⟩ in the tetragonal WO2.9 structure. These 2D tungsten oxide networks may be potential precursors for creating 2D networks comprising WS2 nanotubes.
Influence of port opening dynamics on the acoustic signature of pneumatic marine seismic sources (2023)

ABSTRACT Numerical modeling is a powerful tool for predicting the acoustic signature of pneumatic marine seismic sources to maximize low-frequency content and minimize excessively high-frequency content that may harm marine life. Idealized source models often overpredict the peak acoustic pressure, a key quantity in assessing source performance. The dynamics of the shuttle, the mechanical component that controls the early time gas flow rate from the source, contribute to this signal overprediction but often are neglected. We have computed the numerical solution of a quasi-1D model of a large volume source fired underwater. In our model, we couple the shuttle dynamics to the gas dynamics in multiple adjacent chambers in the source. The source is coupled to a spherical bubble through mass and energy conservation conditions. To capture the compressible effect of flow area change in the air exiting the source, we invoke a set of steady-state nozzle flow approximations. We compare model results against data from field tests, where acoustic pressure signals, local pressure within and just outside the source, and temperature inside the source were measured. The maximum value and slope of the initial acoustic pressure peak are overpredicted by the model, but internal pressure and temperature data agree with model predictions. We attribute early time discrepancy between the model and data to unmodeled pressure losses in the gas flow to the bubble and discrepancy over the bubble oscillation timescale to the bubble modeling error. We provide first-order corrections that reduce the model discrepancy in a manner consistent with internal thermodynamic data and quantify the effects of design parameters on the source dynamics.
Bis(diphenylphosphino)-ferrocene or -dicarba-closo-dodecaborane as ligands in gold and silver chemistry (2000)

The synthesis and properties of gold and silver complexes with bis(diphenylphosphino)-ferrocene or -dicarba-closo-dodecaborane, and other related derivatives, such as the corresponding partially degraded nido-carborane or bis{diphenylthio(or seleno)phosphoryl}ferrocene, as ligands are reviewed. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A modified bow-tie antenna for dual band RFID applications (2015)

A modified bow-tie dipole antenna fed by a 50 Ω coaxial cable is proposed for dual band operations. By asymmetrically cutting the lateral sides of the conventional bow-tie dipole antenna results in two operating frequencies at 915 MHz and 2.45 GHz. The main attraction of this novel antenna is improved band width with a considerable antenna size reduction for dual band operation particularly in RFID bands. Simulated results with CST microwave Studio are presented along with measured results and good agreement between them is obtained.
Transfusion support of patients with sickle cell disease at the Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia (2006)

Sciendo provides publishing services and solutions to academic and professional organizations and individual authors. We publish journals, books, conference proceedings and a variety of other publications.
Extracellular Superoxide and the Growth of Pancreatic Carcinoma (2014)

Adenocarcinoma of the pancreas is the fourth leading cause of cancer-related death in the United States. Therapeutic responsiveness of pancreatic cancer to surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy is poor, resulting in a dismal 5-year survival of less than 3%. Point mutation of the K-ras oncogene is a common event in the early development of pancreatic cancer. Indeed, K-ras mutations occur in up to 95% of pancreatic cancers, with a resulting overall increase in production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) through the activation of NADPH oxidase (NOX). Specifically, the extracellular (non-mitochondrial) generation of superoxide (O2.-) from the NOX system results in cell growth and tumor progression. Extracellular superoxide dismutase (SOD3, EcSOD) is the only isoform of superoxide dismutase (SOD) expressed extracellularly. It modulates ROS by converting O2.- into hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Antioxidant enzymes that scavenge specific ROS have inhibited the in vitro and in vivo growth of pancreatic cancer. It has been demonstrated that overexpression of EcSOD inhibits pancreatic cancer cell growth and intracellular signaling pathways. Therefore, we propose that strategies to scavenge non-mitochondrial-generated superoxide may prove beneficial in the treatment pancreatic cancer. This review will focus on the role of O2.- as a pro-tumorigenic signaling molecule, including its generation and hypothesized mechanism of action, as well as the role of EcSOD in inhibiting tumor growth and propagation, and its potential as a targeted pancreatic cancer therapy.
Ultra-Compact CMOS-Compatible Ytterbium Microlaser (2016)

We demonstrate a waveguide-coupled trench-based ytterbium microlaser, achieving a sub-milliwatt lasing threshold and a 1.9% slope efficiency within an ultra-compact 40-µm-radius cavity while maintaining full compatibility with a CMOS foundry process.
2244 (2017)

OBJECTIVES/SPECIFIC AIMS: The first goal of this project is to test the reliability and validity of an objective structured clinical exam (OSCE) that was designed to assess competency in clinical and translational research. The second goal is to evaluate the impact of MICHR’s Summer Research Program on the participating trainee’s competency development. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: The methodology used for this study was reviewed and exempted from oversight by the U-M Institutional Review Board (HUM00113293). The participants in the study include 17 pre-doctoral students in health professions programs at U-M who participated MICHR’s Summer Research Program. The Research OSCE was administered using a pretest, post-test design. The pretest was administered once during the 1st week of program in the Summer of 2016 and the post-test during the 10th week of the program. The Research OSCE was proctored and rated by trained staff members. We will assess the reliability of the Research OSCE using Generalizability Theory (Webb et al ., 2006). And the construct validity of the Research OSCE will be tested using factor analysis and other statistical analyses. Growth in the competence of the trainees participating in the Summer Research program will be evaluated by testing for significant differences between their pretest and post-test scores. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: We anticipate that this study will show that the Research OSCE is a reliable competency assessment with proven construct validity. We also anticipate that the use of the Research OSCE will show the trainees participating in the Summer Research program experienced a gain in competence during the course of the 10-week program. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF IMPACT: This project uses a common and standardized testing approach. The primary goal of this project is to evaluate the reliability and validity of an OSCE to assess competency in clinical and translational research. It represents a new application for a well-studied testing method used extensively in the health professions to assess the clinical competency of health practitioners. This project will lead to a better understanding of (a) the reliability and validity of the Research OSCE designed to test research competency and (b) the effectiveness of the Summer Research Program curriculum in better preparing participants to conduct clinical and translational research. Showing how a specific competency assessment can be used for this purpose will provide the administrators, evaluators, and other stakeholders of clinical and translational research training programs with information that can be used to design more rigorous and relevant evaluations of their research training programs.
Increased Inhibition of Inward Rectifier K + Channels by Angiotensin II in Small-Diameter Coronary Artery of Isoproterenol-Induced Hypertrophied Model (2007)

Ang II inhibits Kir channels more prominently in SCASMCs of Iso-induced hypertrophied model owing to increases in the expression of AT1 receptor and the activation of PKC alpha. Our findings about the differential expression of Kir channels and different modulation of Kir channels by a vasoconstrictor (Ang II) in a hypertrophy model are important for better understanding the responsiveness of small-diameter arteries during hypertrophy.
Synthesis of All Carbon Linked Glycoside Clusters Round Benzene Scaffold via Sonogashira-Heck-Cassar Cross-Coupling of Iodobenzenes with Ethynyl C-Glycosides (2002)

The Pd-catalyzed carbon-carbon bond forming reaction between ethynyl C-glycosides and polyiodinated benzenes (Sonogashira-Heck-Cassar coupling) allows the introduction of various ethynylene glycoside chains on the phenyl ring thus creating glycoside clusters wherein the sugar moieties are linked to the benzene ring by an all carbon tether.