gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Microring Weight Banks (2016)

Microring weight banks could enable novel signal processing approaches in silicon photonics. We analyze factors limiting channel count in microring weight banks, which are central to analog wavelength-division multiplexed processing networks in silicon. We find that microring weight banks require a fundamentally different analysis compared to other wavelength-division multiplexing circuits (e.g., demultiplexers). By introducing a quantitative description of independent weighting, we establish performance tradeoffs between channel count and power penalty. This performance is significantly affected by coherent multiresonator interactions through bus waveguides. We experimentally demonstrate these effects in a fabricated device. Analysis relies on the development of a novel simulation technique combining parametric programming with generalized transmission theory. Experimental measurement fitting of an 8-channel weight bank is presented as an example of another application of the simulator.
Comparison of the protective effects of the pertussis acellular vaccine with the component vaccine, which have different amounts of fimbriae, against the experimental aerosol infection of mice with Bordetella pertussis. (1991)

We obtained highly purified fimbrae from Bordetella pertussis cells which gave a single band in SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Using the purified fimbriae, we prepared anti-fimbriae rabbit or goat IgGs by fimbriae-Sepharose affinity chromatography, and developed ELISA for its determination. The concentration of fimbriae in our former type of acellular vaccine (80 micrograms per ml) was determined to be 20 ng per ml, and that in our component vaccine was at an almost negligible level. To estimate the protective effects of the small levels of fimbriae, we evaluated the protective activities of three types of vaccines; the former type acellular vaccine (pertussis toxin (PT): filamentous hemagglutinin (FHA): fimbriae = 15:61:0.02 (microgram per ml)), the two-component vaccine (16:64:0.0001), and the three-component vaccine (16:63:0.8). The three types of vaccines showed no significant differences in protectivity against the experimental aerosol infection suggesting that these levels of fimbriae are not effective against the experimental aerosol infection of mice with Bordetella pertussis.
[New approaches in research of therapy of multiple sclerosis]. (2001)

Only further intensive research activity on basic mechanisms of disease pathogenesis and a consequent development of resulting therapeutic strategies--from animal models to phase III studies--will result in significant improvement of the long-term course of multiple sclerosis.
Local Delivery of Tobramycin from Injectable Biodegradable Polyurethane Scaffolds (2009)

Infections often compromise the healing of open fractures. While local antibiotic delivery from PMMA beads is an established clinical treatment of infected fractures, surgical removal of the beads is required before implanting a bone graft. A more ideal therapy would comprise a scaffold and antibiotic delivery system administered in one procedure. Biodegradable polyurethane (PUR) scaffolds have been shown in previous studies to promote new bone formation in vivo, but their potential to control infection through release of antibiotics has not been investigated. In this study, injectable PUR scaffolds incorporating tobramycin were prepared by reactive liquid molding. Scaffolds had compressive moduli of 15-115 kPa and porosities ranging from 85-93%. Tobramycin release was characterized by a 45-95% burst (tuned by the addition of PEG), followed by up to 2 weeks of sustained release, with total release 4-5-times greater than equivalent volumes of PMMA beads. Released tobramycin remained biologically active against Staphylococcus aureus, as verified by Kirby-Bauer assays. Similar results were observed for the antibiotics colistin and tigecycline. The versatility of the materials, as well as their potential for injection and controlled release, may present promising opportunities for new therapies for healing of infected wounds.
Modeling Determinants of Time-To-Death in Premature Infants Admitted to Neonatal Intensive Care Unit in Jimma University Specialized Hospital (2017)

Preterm birth is the term used to define births that occur before 37 completed weeks or 259 days of gestation. The aim of this study is to model survival probability of premature infants who were under follow-up and identify significant risk factors for mortality. Recorded hospital data were obtained for a cohort of 490 infants at Jimma University Specialized Hospital, Ethiopia. The infants have been under follow-up from January 2013 to December 2015. The non-parametric, semi-parametric and parametric survival models are used to estimate the survival time as well as examine the association between the survival time with different demographic, health and risk behavior variables. The analysis shows that most factors significantly contribute to a shorter survival time of premature infants. These factors include having prenatal Asphyxia, hyaline membrane disease, sepsis, jaundice, low gestational age, respiratory distress syndrome and initial temperature. It is therefore recommended that people ought to be cognizant on the burden of these risk factors and well informed about the prematurity.
Preparation and Application of ZnO Films (2011)

The paper introduces ZnO about its crystal structure and photoelectric property,as well as preparation methods about ZnO films and the relative merits of the methods.Sol-gel thchnique is a greatly welcomed chemial method because of its low cost,simple technics,easy to handle and to controtl doping.ZnO films and doping ZnO films have been wide used for its photoelectric property and have a wide developmental foreground.
Interleukin‐1α (IL‐1α) promotes angiogenesis in vivo via VEGFR‐2 pathway by inducing inflammatory cell VEGF synthesis and secretion (2002)

During inflammation, functional changes occur in the vasculature, including extensive endothelial cell mitotic activity and remodeling of capillaries. Interleukin-1alpha (IL-1alpha)is a prototypical proinflammatory cytokine. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a strong endothelial cell-specific mitogen that exerts a pivotal role in angiogenesis under physiological and pathological conditions. We show that IL-1alpha stimulates VEGF secretion by human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMNCs) in a dose-dependent manner. This represents induction of de novo VEGF synthesis, as an induction of VEGF mRNA was observed. Also, the release of VEGF was blocked by cycloheximide. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) detected four VEGF splice variants in unstimulated and in IL-1alpha-stimulated PBMNCs. In vivo in mice, subcutaneously administered IL-1alpha caused a strong local angiogenic response, which was accompanied by an infiltrate of VEGF-expressing inflammatory cells. The angiogenic effect of IL-1a was blocked when the mice were treated with VEGF receptor 2 (VEGFR-2) neutralizing antibodies. VEGFR-1 blocking antibodies had a marginal inhibitory effect on IL-1alpha-induced angiogenesis. These observations indicate that IL-1alpha induces angiogenesis by activating the VEGF-VEGFR-2 signaling pathway between inflammatory cells and blood vessel endothelial cells. This novel mechanism of IL-1alpha-action may enhance the shift to angiogenic phenotype in various conditions designated by excessive angiogenesis.
Non-Heart-Beating Donor Porcine Livers: the Adverse Effect of Cooling (2005)

Normothermic preservation has been shown to be advantageous in an experimental model of preservation of non-heart-beating donor (NHBD) livers, which have undergone significant warm ischemic injury. The logistics of clinical organ retrieval might dictate a period of cold preservation prior to warm perfusion. We have investigated the effects of a brief period of cold preservation on NHBD livers prior to normothermic preservation. Porcine livers were subjected to 60 minutes of warm ischaemia and then assigned to following groups: Group W (n = 5), normothermic preservation for 24 hours; and Group C (n = 6), cold preservation in University of Wisconsin solution for 1 hour followed by normothermic preservation for 23 hours (total preservation time, 24 hours). Synthetic function (bile production and factor V production) and cellular damage were compared on the ex vivo circuit during preservation. There was no significant difference in the synthetic function of the livers (bile production and factor V production). Markers of hepatocellular damage (alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase release), sinusoidal endothelial cell dysfunction (hyaluronic acid), and Kupffer cell injury (beta-galactosidase) were significantly higher in Group C. The histology of the livers at the end of perfusion was similar. In conclusion, a brief-period cold preservation prior to normothermic perfusion maintains the synthetic function and metabolic activity but results in significant hepatocellular damage, sinusoidal endothelial cell dysfunction, and Kupffer cell injury. Transplant studies are required to establish whether livers treated in this way are viable for transplantation.
Beat-to-beat T-wave amplitude variability in the risk stratification of right ventricular outflow tract-premature ventricular complex patients (2015)

The TAV analysis is a useful measure to identify the subset of usually benign RVOT-PVC/MVT patients prone to PVT/VF.
Polarity‐Dominated Stable N97 Respirators for Airborne Virus Capture Based on Nanofibrous Membranes (2021)

The longevity and reusability of N95-grade filtering facepiece respirators (N95 FFRs) are limited by consecutive donning and disinfection treatments. Herein, we developed stable N97 nanofibrous respirators based on chemically modified surface to enable remarkable filtration characteristics via polarity driven interaction. This was achieved by a thin-film coated polyacrylonitrile nanofibrous membrane (TFPNM), giving an overall long-lasting filtration performance with high quality factor at 0.42 Pa<sup>-1</sup> (filtration efficiency: over 97 %; pressure drop: around 10 Pa), which is higher than that of the commercial N95 FFRs (0.10-0.41 Pa<sup>-1</sup> ) tested with a flow rate of 5 L min<sup>-1</sup> and the 0.26 μm NaCl aerosol. A coxsackie B4 virus filtration test demonstrated that TFPNM also had strong virus capture capacity of 97.67 %. As compared with N95 FFRs, the TFPNM was more resistant to a wider variety of disinfection protocols, and the overall filtration characteristics remained N97 standard.
ERS-1 SAR analysis of Arctic ice concentration during the melt season (2002)

Ice concentration can be derived with high accuracy (a few percent) from SAR images using the so called "global" ice concentration algorithm. The concentration error increases if surface properties change systematically, e.g. due to temperature or wind shifts. Properties of importance for the accuracy of the algorithm have been studied over an Arctic ice area in August 1991. The algorithm has also been compared with field observations. It is found that ice concentration can be obtained with a precision of a few percent over areas of the same size as the resolution cells of passive radiometry. Information from high resolution SAR images is expected to improve passive microwave radiometry.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors in rural and urban Costa Rica. (1992)

These data indicate that modifiable risk factors are more prevalent in urban than in rural Puriscal, Costa Rica, particularly in men.
Heteromeric MAPPIT: a novel strategy to study modification-dependent protein-protein interactions in mammalian cells (2003)

We recently reported a two-hybrid trap for detecting protein-protein interactions in intact mammalian cells (MAPPIT). The bait protein was fused to a STAT recruitment-deficient, homodimeric cytokine receptor and the prey protein to functional STAT recruitment sites. In such a configuration, STAT-dependent responses can be used to monitor a given bait-prey interaction. Using this system, we were able to demonstrate both modification-independent and tyrosine phosphorylation- dependent interactions. Protein modification in this approach is, however, strictly dependent on the receptor-associated JAK tyrosine kinases. We have now extended this concept by using extracellular domains of the heteromeric granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor receptor (GM-CSFR). Herein, the bait was fused to the (beta)c chain and its modifying enzyme to the GM-CSFRalpha chain (or vice versa). We demonstrate several serine phosphorylation-dependent interactions in the TGFbeta/Smad pathway using the catalytic domains of the ALK4 or ALK6 serine/threonine kinase receptors. In all cases tested, STAT-dependent signaling was completely abolished when mutant baits were used wherein critical serine residues were replaced by alanines. This approach operates both in transient and stable expression systems and may not be limited to serine phosphorylation but has the potential for studying various different types of protein modification-dependent interactions in intact cells.
Internalization of the granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor receptor is not required for induction of protein tyrosine phosphorylation in human myeloid cells (1991)

Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) exerts its biologic activities through binding to specific high-affinity cell surface receptors. After binding, the ligand/receptor complex is rapidly internalized in most hematopoietic cells. Using a human factor- dependent cell line, MO7, and normal human neutrophils, we found that the internalization is exquisitely temperature-dependent, such that ligand/receptor internalization does not detectably occur at 4 degrees C. Activation of the GM-CSF receptor has previously been shown to stimulate a number of postreceptor signal transduction pathways, including activation of a tyrosine kinase and activation of the serine/threonine kinase, Raf-1. The GM-CSF-stimulated increase in tyrosine kinase activity occurs rapidly at both 4 degrees C and 37 degrees C, and therefore is likely to be independent of receptor internalization. At 37 degrees C, the protein tyrosine phosphorylation was transient in MO7 cells, with maximum phosphorylation observed after 5 to 15 minutes, followed by a rapid decline. At 4 degrees C, the protein tyrosine phosphorylation of the same substrates was greater than at 37 degrees C, and no decline in substrate phosphorylation was observed for at least 90 minutes. In contrast to tyrosine phosphorylation, the activation and hyper-phosphorylation of Raf-1 observed at 37 degrees C in both MO7 cells and neutrophils was markedly diminished at 4 degrees C. These results indicate that at least one postreceptor signal transduction mechanism, activation of a tyrosine kinase, does not require ligand/receptor internalization, and indicate that receptor internalization may be a consequence, rather than the initiator, of signal transduction.
Multivalent epigenetic marks confer microenvironment-responsive epigenetic plasticity to ovarian cancer cells (2010)

"Epigenetic plasticity" refers to the capability of mammalian cells to alter their differentiation status via chromatin remodeling-associated alterations in gene expression. While epigenetic plasticity has been best associated with lineage commitment of embryonic stem cells, recent studies have demonstrated chromatin remodeling even in terminally differentiated normal cells, and advanced-stage melanoma and breast cancer cells, in context-dependent responses to alterations in their microenvironment. In the current study, we extend this attribute of epigenetic plasticity to aggressive ovarian cancer cells, by using an integrative approach to associate cellular phenotypes with chromatin modifications ("ChIP-chip") and mRNA and microRNA expression. While we identified numerous gene promoters possessing the well-known "bivalent mark" of H3K27me3/H3K4me2, we also report 14 distinct, lesser-known bi-, tri-, and tetravalent combinations of activating and repressive chromatin modifications, in platinum-resistant CP70 ovarian cancer cells. The vast majority (>90%) of all the histone marks studied localized to regions within 2000 bp of transcription start sites, supporting a role in gene regulation. Upon a simple alteration in the microenvironment, transition from two- to three-dimensional culture, an increase (17% to 38%) in repressive-only marked promoters was observed, concomitant with a decrease (31% to 21%) in multivalent (i.e., juxtaposed permissive and repressive histone marked) promoters. Like embryonic/tissue stem and other (non-ovarian) carcinoma cells, ovarian cancer cell epigenetic plasticity reflects an inherent transcriptional flexibility for context-responsive alterations in phenotype. It is possible that this plasticity could be therapeutically exploited for the management of this lethal gynecologic malignancy.
Molecular Pathways Underlying Adaptive Repair of the Injured Kidney (2018)

Gene expression in peripheral blood of AKI/DCD recipients offers a novel platform to understand the potential mechanisms and timing of kidney repair and regeneration after transplantation.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Simmons‐Smith Reactions Using Homochiral Protecting Groups. (1987)

Abstract The α,β‐unsaturated aldehydes (I) are converted to the acetals (IV) or (VI) by the reactions of the diethylacetals (II) with the chiral dialkyl tartrates (III) or with chiral 2,4‐pentanediol.
Moral ArgumentsSovereignty, Feasibility, Agency, and Consequences (2005)

Abstract This chapter explores the two main areas of normative controversy giving rise to confusion in the antiwar movement: rights and duties concerning sovereignty, and agent-restrictive or consequentialist considerations. It starts by presenting the argument from sovereignty. The Twin Earth comparison suggests how equally contingent is the current conglomeration of politically correct views. Principled opponents of the war in Iraq do not usually deny that bringing about a stable democracy in Iraq is good in itself. It is argued that diffident feasibility skepticism has been the only justified stance of opposition to the war in Iraq. The Coalition is not even responsible for the deaths of innocent bystanders, the collateral damage of its bombing, since these deaths were “unintended”.
Deterministic properties of analog median filters (1991)

Two key deterministic properties of analog median filters are established. The first is that root signals are characterized by a special class of locally monotone functions, and the second is that the repeated application of a median filter produces a root signal which retains significant features in the original data. Both results are extensions of well known facts for discrete median filters. In addition, it is shown that these properties do not extend to a natural multidimensional version of the median filter.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Comparative analysis of interactions of some lariat crown ethers and their unsubstituted analogues with alkali metal salts in the gas phase by MALDI mass spectrometry (2014)

In this work, interactions of some crown ethers, including lariat ethers bearing a side-arm methoxyphenoxymethyl substituent, with alkali metal salts were studied by matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry. Peaks of cationized molecules [M + Cat]+, sandwich complexes [2M + Cat]+, [3M + Cat]+ ions, and cluster ions [2M + 2Cat + An]+ and [2M + 3Cat + 2An]+ were observed in the mass spectra; herein M is a crown ether molecule, Cat is an alkali metal cation, and An is a monobasic acid anion. The results were compared with previously obtained data for 15-crown-5, [ortho]- and [para]-methoxyphenoxymethyl-15-crown-5 ether mixtures with sodium salts. The conclusions made before, that an increase in the shielding degree of the cation in complexes with lariat ethers led to a significant decrease in the peak intensity of cluster ions [2M + 2Cat + An]+, were confirmed. For potential lariat ethers the absence or only trace amounts of such cluster ions along with the presence of an intense cluster ion peak in the mass spectrum for an unsubstituted analogue can serve a test for the involvement of the lateral fragment of the crown ether in complex formation, i.e., the lariat effect.
Advances in Industrial Crystallization (1991)

Part 1 Precipitation and nucleation: studies on the early stages of crystal nucleation, R.Popovitz-Biro et al solute clustering and secondary nucleation, M.A.Larson induction time in seeded and unseeded precipitation, M.S. van der Leeden et al dissolution kinetics of calcium phosphates involved in biomineralization, J.Zhang and G.H.Nancollas chemical design of precipitation processes, O.Sohnel. Part 2 Crystallization kinetics: the role of dislocations and mechanical deformation in growth rate dispersion in potash alum crystals, R.I.Ristic et al the role of transportation in crystallization, J.Garside quantifying some of the structural aspects of crystallization processes - experiments using synchrotron radiation, D.A.H.Cunningham et al aspects of protein crystallization - techniques and kinetics, R.Bistelle. Part 3 Habit modification: the control of morphology by additives - molecular recognition, kinetics and technology, R.J.Davey et al wax crystallization in diesel fuel - habit modification and the growth of n-alkalane crystals, K.Lewtas et al. Part 4 Crystallizer design and operation: chemical reaction engineering models and their application to crystallization processes, J.P.Klein batch crystallizer design, J.Nyvlt design and performance of crystallization systems, A.G.Jones developments in melt crystallization, M.Matsuoka.
NEW APPROACH FOR MODELING GENERALIZED MICROBIAL GROWTH CURVES USING ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORKS1 (2000)

Microbial growth curves are essential components in microbiological studies and are modeled conventionally by nonlinear fitting to one analytical expression such as the modified Gompertz equation. This paper discusses the potential of artificial neural networks (ANNs) for modeling bacterial growth curves. These ANNs are efficient approximators for highly dimensional complex functions because of their high nonlinearity and tolerance to noisy data. Therefore, ANNs can provide great flexibility in developing generalized models by extracting the real behavior directly from the experimental data. Such models can be designed to include the effect of time as well as a multitude of parameters pertaining to experimental conditions. The approach was applied to modeling time‐dependent growth curves of Escherichia coli O157:H7 as affected by sodium chloride concentration and of Shigella flexneri as affected by incubation temperature, pH, and initial count. The developed ANNs were able to approximate the experimental growth curves with high accuracy. The advantages as well as limitations of the proposed methodology are presented.