gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Fluoride catalyzed rearrangements of polysilsesquioxanes, mixed Me, vinyl T8, Me, vinyl T10 and T12 cages (2009)

Abstract Insoluble mixtures of polyvinylsilsesquioxane, ‐(vinylSiO 1.5 ) n ‐ PVS, and polymethylsilsesquioxanes, ‐(MeSiO 1.5 ) n ‐ PMS, in THF at ambient when treated with catalytic amounts (1–5 mol%) of fluoride ion introduced as t Bu 4 NF will depolymerize and dissolve. The resulting soluble species consist of [vinyl x Me 8− x (SiO 1.5 )] 8 , [vinyl x Me 8− x (SiO 1.5 )] 10 and [vinyl x Me 8− x (SiO 1.5 )] 12 . Ratios of 1:1 of PVS:PMS greatly favor formation of vinyl rich cages. Only at ratios of 1:5 are the proportions of vinyl:Me in the cages approximately equal. Of the T 8 , T 10 and T 12 species produced, all conditions tried, including changing the solvent to EtOH or toluene or at reflux (THF), favor the formation of the larger cages sometimes completely excluding formation of the T 8 materials. Efforts to isolate the cage compounds by removal of solvent regenerates polysilsesquioxanes, albeit those containing mixtures of Me and vinyl groups. Introduction of CaCl 2 sufficient to form CaF 2 prior to workup prevents repolymerization, allowing recovery of the mixed cage systems. The approach developed here provides a novel way to form mixed functional group silsesquioxane cages. The fact that T 10 and T 12 cage formation is favored appears to suggest that these cages are more stable than the traditionally produced T 8 cages. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.
Reactions of some quinazoline compounds with ethoxymethylenemalonic acid derivatives (1989)

Abstract The reactions of ethyl (1,4‐dihydro‐4‐oxoquinazolin‐2‐yl)acetate 4 and 2‐aminoquinazolin‐4(1 H )‐one 5 with diethyl ethoxymethylenemalonate (EMME), (ethoxymethylene)malononitrile (EMMN) and ethyl (ethoxymethylene)cyanoacetate (EMCA) are reported, and rather different results are obtained to those previously found with quinoline analogs. Reaction of 4 with EMME gives a pyrido[1,2‐a]quinazoline, while with EMMN and EMCA ethyl 2‐(pyridin‐2‐yl)aminobenzoates are formed, presumably by ring‐opening of intermediate pyrido[2,1‐ b ]quinazolines. Reaction of 5 with EMME likewise results in ultimate cyclization onto N‐1 of the quinazoline, while the EMMN and EMCA reactions give isolable pyrimido[2,1‐ b ]quinazolines. These are readily cleaved under mild conditions.
Application of a Complex Nusselt Number to Heat Transfer During Compression and Expansion (1994)

Heat transfer during compression and expansion can be out of phase with bulk gas-wall temperature difference. An ordinary convective heat transfer model is incapable of predicting this phenomenon. Expressions for compression/expansion heat transfer developed from simple conduction models use a complex heat transfer coefficient. Thus, heat flux consists of one part proportional to temperature difference plus a second part proportional to rate of change of temperature. Surface-averaged heat flux was calculated from experimental pressure-volume data for piston-cylinder gas springs over a range of speeds, pressures, gases, and geometries. The complex Nusselt number model proved capable of correlating both magnitude and phase of the measured heat transfer as functions of an oscillation Peclet number.
Understanding the Effects of Binders in Gas Sorption and Acidity of Aluminium Fumarate Extrudates (2021)

Understanding the impact of shaping processes on solid adsorbents is critical for the implementation of MOFs in industrial separation processes or as catalytic materials. Production of MOF-containing shaped particles is typically associated with loss of porosity and modification of acid sites, two phenomena that affect their performance. Herein, we report a detailed study on how extrusion affects the crystallinity, porosity, and acidity of the aluminium fumarate MOF with clays or SiO<sub>2</sub> gel binders. Thorough characterization showed that the clay binders confer the extrudates a good mechanical robustness at the expense of porosity, while silica gel shows an opposite trend. The CO<sub>2</sub> selectivity towards CH<sub>4</sub> , of interest for natural gas separation processes, is maintained upon the extrusion process. Moreover, probe FTIR spectroscopy revealed no major changes in the types of acid sites. This study highlights that these abundant and inexpensive clay materials may be used for scaling MOFs as active adsorbents.
Molecular analysis of a transposon-induced deletion of the nivea locus in Antirrhinum majus. (1989)

The transposable element Tam3 of Antirrhinum majus is capable of causing large-scale chromosomal restructuring. It induced a large deletion at the nivea locus, to produce the allele niv-:529. The deletion removed the entire nivea coding region while the element remains intact with the potential to induce further rearrangements. Genetic experiments showed that the endpoint of the deletion (called x) is closely linked to nivea. The DNA sequences of niv-:529, a genomic excision of Tam3 from niv-:529, and the original genomic position of x have been determined. These data suggest that the deletion could have resulted from an abortive transposition or through breakage and religation.
Evaluation of Donor Adsorbed TCNQ Langmuir-Blodgett Films by Attenuated Total Reflection Method Using Visible Laser. (1997)

Tetracyanoquinodimethane (TCNQ) Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) films with and without adsorbed electronic donors of p-phenylenediamine (PD) and N, N, N', N'-tetramethyl-p-phenylenediamine (TMPD) were prepared. The structures of the LB films were investigated by attenuated total reflection (ATR) method using a visible laser. The thickness of the non-adsorbed TCNQ LB film obtained from the ATR results was larger than the molecular length of TCNQ. This is thought to be caused by the formation of the bi-monolayers. In contrast, the adsorbed TCNQ LB films had monolayer structures by adsorbing donors. The atomic force microscope (AFM) images showed that non-adsorbed TCNQ LB film had a rough and terraced surface. This is considered to be due to the formation of microcrystal-like domains which were not observed in the adsorbed TCNQ LB films.
Analysis on loop area trace radiated emissions from decoupling capacitor placement on printed circuit boards (1999)

This paper presents, with a solid conclusion, practical, hands-on applied EMC information for engineers that can be put to immediate use without relying on the mathematics of Maxwell's equations. An examination is made to determine if the physical placement of decoupling capacitors makes a significant difference in the development and propagation of radiated emissions from a printed circuit board (PCB) when used with actual, high-speed components. The focus is on what happens on both the top and bottom layers of a PCB, regardless of whether the board is single-sided, double-sided or multilayer. This paper complements existing research that investigates decoupling using simulation. Correlation between simulation and actual results is supported in this paper. A problem with simulation is that results calculated sometimes cannot take into consideration common-mode RF energy developed by components switching multiple outputs under maximum capacitive load, consuming a large amount of inrush current or impulse currents from switching cross-conduction. Common-mode energy cannot always be efficiently simulated at this time, thus causing the possibility of inaccurate assumptions regarding anticipated radiated emissions from a PCB layout. Behavioral models used for simulation are usually (theoretically) perfect and may not represent actual design parameters due to parasitics and other electromagnetic effects that cannot be easily calculated or anticipated. RF energy is developed due to digital components switching logic states. A voltage gradient on the power and ground planes between components causes common-mode EMI to be observed on interconnects and other radiating structures. Decoupling capacitors are provided to minimize voltage gradients, along with minimizing RF switching energy injected into the power distribution network and distributed throughout the entire PCB. The magnitude of radiated energy, related to decoupling capacitors is investigated in this paper, based on the physical location to digital components. In addition, common engineering problems in determining an optimal decoupling capacitor value are presented, with regard to both time and frequency domain analysis.
Hydrothermal Pretreatment of Water-Extracted and Aqueous Ethanol-Extracted Quinoa Stalks for Enzymatic Saccharification of Cellulose (2021)

Auto-catalyzed hydrothermal pretreatment (A-HTP) and sulfuric-acid-catalyzed hydrothermal pretreatment (SA-HTP) were applied to quinoa stalks in order to reduce their recalcitrance towards enzymatic saccharification. Prior to pretreatment, quinoa stalks were extracted with either water or a 50:50 (v/v) ethanol–water mixture for removing saponins. Extraction with water or aqueous ethanol, respectively, led to removal of 52 and 75% (w/w) of the saponins contained in the raw material. Preliminary extraction of quinoa stalks allowed for a lower overall severity during pretreatment, and it led to an increase of glucan recovery in the pretreated solids (above 90%) compared with that of non-extracted quinoa stalks (73–74%). Furthermore, preliminary extraction resulted in enhanced hydrolysis of hemicelluloses and lower by-product formation during pretreatment. The enhancement of hemicelluloses hydrolysis by pre-extraction was more noticeable for SA-HTP than for A-HTP. As a result of the pretreatment, glucan susceptibility towards enzymatic hydrolysis was remarkably improved, and the overall conversion values were higher for the pre-extracted materials (up to 83%) than for the non-extracted ones (64–69%). Higher overall conversion was achieved for the aqueous ethanol-extracted quinoa stalks (72–83%) than for the water-extracted material (65–74%).
Rigidity of Circle Polyhedra in the 2-Sphere and of Hyperideal Polyhedra in Hyperbolic 3-Space (2017)

We generalize Cauchy's celebrated theorem on the global rigidity of convex polyhedra in Euclidean $3$-space $\mathbb{E}^{3}$ to the context of circle polyhedra in the $2$-sphere $\mathbb{S}^{2}$. We prove that any two convex and proper non-unitary c-polyhedra with Möbius-congruent faces that are consistently oriented are Möbius-congruent. Our result implies the global rigidity of convex inversive distance circle packings in the Riemann sphere as well as that of certain hyperideal hyperbolic polyhedra in $\mathbb{H}^{3}$.
Asphalt compatibility testing using the automated Heithaus titration test (1996)

The Heithaus titration test or variations of the test have been used for over 35 years to predict compatibilities of blends of asphalts from different crude sources. Asphalt compatibility is determined from three calculated parameters that measure the state of peptization of an asphalt or asphalt blend. The parameter p{sub a} is a measure of the peptizability of the asphaltenes. The parameter p{sub a} is a measure of the peptizing power of the maltenes, and the parameter P, derived from p{sub a} and p{sub o} values, is a measure of the overall state of peptization of the asphalt or asphalt blend. In Heithaus original procedure, samples of asphalt were dissolved in toluene and titrated with n-heptane in order to initiate flocculation. The onset of flocculation was detected either by photography or by spotting a filter paper with a small amount of the titrated solution. Recently, an {open_quotes}automated{close_quotes} procedure, after Hotier and Robin, has been developed for use with asphalt. In the automated method UV-visible spectrophotometric detection measures the onset of flocculation as a peak with the percent transmittance plotted as a function of the volume of titrating solvent added to a solution of asphalt. The automated procedure has proven tomore » be less operator dependent and much faster than the original Heithaus procedure. Results from the automated procedure show the data to be consistent with results from the original, {open_quotes}classical{close_quotes} Heithaus procedure.« less
A randomized clinical trial comparing ritonavir-boosted lopinavir versus maraviroc each with tenofovir plus emtricitabine for post-exposure prophylaxis for HIV infection (2016)

The objective of this study was to assess post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) non-completion at day 28, comparing ritonavir-boosted lopinavir versus maraviroc, both with tenofovir disoproxil/emtricitabine as the backbone. We conducted a prospective, open, randomized clinical trial. Individuals attending the emergency room because of potential sexual exposure to HIV and who met criteria for receiving PEP were randomized to one of two groups: tenofovir disoproxil/emtricitabine (245/200 mg) once daily plus either ritonavir-boosted lopinavir (400/100 mg) or maraviroc (300 mg) twice daily. Five follow-up visits were scheduled for days 1, 10, 28, 90 and 180. The primary endpoint was PEP non-completion at day 28. Secondary endpoints were adherence, adverse events and rate of seroconversions. This study was registered in ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT01533272. One-hundred-and-seventeen individuals were randomized to receive ritonavir-boosted lopinavir and 120 to maraviroc (n = 237). PEP non-completion at day 28 was 38% (n = 89), with significant differences between arms [ritonavir-boosted lopinavir 44% (n = 51) versus maraviroc 32% (n = 38), P = 0.05]. We performed a modified ITT analysis including only those patients who attended on day 1 (n = 182). PEP non-completion in this subgroup was also significantly higher in the ritonavir-boosted lopinavir arm (27% versus 13%, P = 0.004). The proportion of patients with low adherence was similar between arms (52% versus 47%, P = 0.56). Adverse events were reported by 111 patients and were significantly more common in the ritonavir-boosted lopinavir arm (72% versus 51%, P = 0.003). No seroconversions were observed during the study. PEP non-completion and adverse events were both significantly higher in patients allocated to ritonavir-boosted lopinavir. These data suggest that maraviroc is a well-tolerated antiretroviral that can be used in this setting.
Gate voltage control of stochastic resonance in carbon nanotube field effect transistors (2011)

On the recent developments in nano devices, carbon nanotube (CNT) is one of the candidates for next generation devices. For device applications, it might be the problem that CNTs show large noise because of large surface area. However, sometimes nonlinear systems have advantages in the working with noise. In stochastic resonance (SR), noise could enhance the working properties of devices. Therefore, we combined the noise CNT field effect transistor (FET) and the nonlinear CNT-FET as a test nonlinear system, and the sine wave amplification in the transistor with noise was measured. For the single wall CNTs, noise has the gate voltage (V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">g</sub> ) dependence with 1/f type noise. We prepared several intensity of noise by the amplification and the gate voltage control between -4 V and -1 V for 1//f noise that come from noise of CNT-FETs. Using this noise, we will discuss about the nonlinear response of CNT-FET under the controlled noise by the gate voltage.
Stabilized complex downdating in adaptive beamforming (2002)

Two main findings are reported. The first is an extension to the complex case of the stabilized hyperbolic Householder transformation. The second is a demonstration by computer simulations that this complex stabilized hyperbolic Householder transformation exhibits superior numerical behavior in beamforming applications relative to its conventional counterpart. The problem statement for stabilized complex downdating in adaptive beamforming is given. The complex version of the stabilized hyperbolic Householder transformation is derived, and it is explained why complex processing is necessary in adaptive beamforming. The formulation of the computer simulation is described, together with the result of a simulation example.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
ChemInform Abstract: Direct Synthesis of 5‐Substituted Naphthoquinones. (2002)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Development of a beam-forming circuit for the antenna array operating in the W-band (2020)

The paper presents the development of a beamforming circuit aimed at controlling the state of an orbital angular moment of the output radio beam from a uniform circular antenna array operating in the W-band. The proposed device is based on the Rotman lens, the shape of which is calculated taking into account the configuration of the antenna array and the required states of its radiation pattern. The Rotman lens circuit has five input beam ports, eight output antenna ports, and eight dummy ports. The application of such a beam-forming scheme can significantly reduce the overall dimensions of the antenna system and can be implemented based on the microstrip technology together with the antenna array.
Plasmonic light-emission enhancement with isolated metal nanoparticles and their coupled arrays (2008)

We present a systematic study of the enhancement of radiative efficiency of light-emitting matter achieved by proximity to metal nanoparticles. Our goal is to ascertain the limits of the attainable enhancement. Two separate arrangements of metal nanoparticles are studied, namely isolated particles and an array of particles. The method of analysis is based on the effective mode volume theory. Using the example of an InGaN∕GaN quantum-well active region positioned in close proximity to Ag nanospheres, we obtain optimal parameters for the nanoparticles for maximum attainable enhancement. Our results show that while the enhancement due to isolated metal nanoparticles is significant, only modest enhancement can be achieved with an ordered array. We further conclude that a random assembly of isolated particles holds an advantage over the ordered arrays for light-emitting devices of finite area.
An introduction to simulated evolutionary optimization (1994)

Natural evolution is a population-based optimization process. Simulating this process on a computer results in stochastic optimization techniques that can often outperform classical methods of optimization when applied to difficult real-world problems. There are currently three main avenues of research in simulated evolution: genetic algorithms, evolution strategies, and evolutionary programming. Each method emphasizes a different facet of natural evolution. Genetic algorithms stress chromosomal operators. Evolution strategies emphasize behavioral changes at the level of the individual. Evolutionary programming stresses behavioral change at the level of the species. The development of each of these procedures over the past 35 years is described. Some recent efforts in these areas are reviewed.
The Effect of Polystyrene on the Carrier Flotation of Fine Smithsonite (2017)

Carrier flotation is a common technique used to improve flotation recovery of ultrafine ores. In this study, we used coarse polystyrene as the carrier material to enhance flotation recovery of fine smithsonite (ZnCO3) particles. Sodium oleate was used as the collector and played a role in the adhesion of fine smithsonite to polystyrene due to its amphipathic properties. The carrier feature of polystyrene was demonstrated using particle size analysis, total organic carbon, and scanning electron microscopy. The fine smithsonite particles coated the polystyrene particles through a reaction between the active zinc sites and the carboxyl head groups of the oleate adsorbed on smithsonite and through a hydrophobic interaction between polystyrene and the hydrocarbon chains of the oleate. Newly enlarged particle aggregates with smithsonite shells enhanced collision and attachment of the hydrophobized aggregates with bubbles, which accelerated smithsonite flotation recovery.
Use of Folic Acid–Containing Supplements after a Diagnosis of Colorectal Cancer in the Colon Cancer Family Registry (2010)

Studies of cancer prognosis that rely on prediagnostic exposure information may result in substantial misclassification.
상호텍스트성을 활용한 디지털 문화콘텐츠 복원에 관한 연구 - 몽유도원도를 중심으로 - (2011)

본 연구는 TEXT분석을 통한 가상공간에 대한 연구로써, ``夢遊桃園圖``를 선정하여, 작품과 함께 기록되어 있는 안평대군의 ``기문``을 바탕으로 재해석하고, 이를 현대의 가상현실 기술과의 접목한 문화콘텐츠적 재현에 관한 것이다. Text 분석의 과정에서, 몽유도원도에 생략된 공간이 있음을 알 수 있었다. 또한 전체적인 도원의 구조가 夢遊桃源圖와 기문의 구도가 다르다는 것을 알 수 있었다. 이것은 안견이 회화의 평면적 표현에서 오는 문제점을 해결하기 위하여, 회화의 좌측면은 정면으로 표현하고, 우측면은 측면에서 보는 구도로 표현하고 있음을 알게 되었다. 이를 가상공간에 표현함으로서, 회화가 가지는 한계성을 극복하는 대안으로 제안하였다. 이러한 연구는 전통을 그대로 계승하는 것이 아닌 발전된 현대의 미디어 환경과 접목하여, 새로운 문화콘텐츠 생산의 가능성을 보여줄 수 있음을 성과로 얻었다.
Digital control of an integrated series active filter and passive rectifier with voltage regulation (2003)

The integration of a series active filter with a 12-pulse diode rectifier can provide an effective means for supply current harmonic free AC/DC conversion. Controlling the series active filter as a frequency selective impedance requires low delays and is not well suited for implementation by digital control. This paper suggests two control methods intended for implementation by digital control. The suggested current-mode control method for supply current balancing and voltage regulation is verified experimentally.
Conference Report: DIA/PhRMA workshop on DBS Sampling in the Pharmaceutical Industry: Methodology, Implementation & Best Practices (2010)

Representing the first industry-led workshop on this topic, the Drug Information Association (DIA) and Pharmaceutical Research and Manufacturers of America (PhRMA) cosponsored a workshop on dried blood spots (DBS) sampling in the pharmaceutical industry. Sampling from DBS on specialty papers is a novel methodology in the area of pharmacokinetics and toxicokinetics that serves to replace conventional plasma analysis for pharmaceutical development. As the awareness around this technology has increased exponentially in recent years, this 1-day symposium aimed to share current best practices for DBS use and implementation, sample collection, handling and associated bioanalysis. The event drew over 150 industry and agency participants; an impressive attendance for a relatively new technology within the industry. Overall, the day was divided into six separate technical sessions plus poster sessions, and included concurrent breakout sessions dedicated to three key areas surrounding DBS implementation: bioanalytical, toxicology/safety assessment and clinical/pharmacokinetics.
Flow-Acoustic Interactions in T-Junctions (2002)

The flow-acoustic nature of sharp-edged T-junctions is investigated experimentally. Tests are performed for a Reynolds number range of 54,000 &amp;lt; ReD &amp;lt; 470,000. Four test cases are studied corresponding to: (a) T-junction with flow from the two branches; (b) T-junction with flow from one branch; (c) T-junction with flow into the two branches and (d) T-junction with flow into one branch. It is found that the separation bubble formed when the flow goes around the T-junction corner provides a source of turbulence excitation. For cases (c) and (d) the dimensionless pressure amplitudes of the acoustic modes reach a maximum at a Strouhal number which is in agreement with the broadband peak measured in the separation bubble. Cases (a) and (b) exhibit a different type of flow-acoustic coupling. In both cases, the maximum acoustic pressure is stronger than in Cases (c) and (d) and occurs at a Strouhal number which is different from that observed in the separation bubble. The results are compared to experimental and numerical studies from the literature.