gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Influence of Carbon Content on Mechanical and X-Ray Elastic Constants of Carburized Case Layer in Chrome Molybdenum Steel (2013)

In order to determine the mechanical and x-ray elastic constants of carburized case layer in chrome molybdenum steel, three thin bend bar specimens with a thickness of about 0.3mm were cut from the carburized block after quenching by wire-electrical discharge machining. Carbon content and hardness gradients of block were measured before cutting. Thin bend bar specimens were subjected to four-point bending loads. The elastic strains were monitored using a strain gauge cemented on the tensile surface. Under each bending loads, the 2θ-sin2ψ diagram from 211 plane of ferrite or martensite was also measured by x-ray. In the case of thin bend bar specimen, apparent Young's modulus determined from the slope in the applied stress versus monitored strain curve was relatively smaller than that of the ordinary bend bar specimen. In this study the monitored strain was corrected by the thickness of gauge base including glue. As a result, Young's modulus of case layer was larger than that of the interior, because of increased carbon content and resulting martensite transformation of carburized layer. Young's modulus of the interior at the total case depth was smaller than that of starting material. X-ray elastic constants, EX/(1 + νX) and EX/νX, of thin specimens were determined from the changes of the slope and intercept in sin2ψ diagram with the applied stress. X-ray elastic constants of case layer were larger than that of starting material. The absolute value of stress constant, K, of case layer was also larger than that of starting material. It was found that up to 25 percent of the residual stress might be underestimated in our case if the stress constant, K, of starting material was used in x-ray stress measurement.
Magnetic Skyrmion Transistor Gated with Voltage‐Controlled Magnetic Anisotropy (2022)

The paradigm shift of information carriers from charge to spin has long been awaited in modern electronics. The invention of the spin-information transistor is expected to be an essential building block for the future development of spintronics. Here, a proof-of-concept experiment of a magnetic skyrmion transistor working at room temperature, which has never been demonstrated experimentally, is introduced. With the spatially uniform control of magnetic anisotropy, the shape and topology of a skyrmion when passing the controlled area can be maintained. The findings will open a new route toward the design and realization of skyrmion-based spintronic devices in the near future.
The site-specific DNA endonuclease encoded by a group I intron in theChlamydomonas pallidostigmaticachlorplast small subunit rRNA gene introduces a single-strand break at low concentrations of Mg2+ (1995)

Two group I introns (CpSSU.1 and CpSSU.2) that each potentially encode a protein with two copies of the LAGLI-DADG motif were identified in the Chlamydomonas pallidostigmatica chloroplast small subunit rRNA gene. They both belong to subgroup IA3 and represent novel insertion positions in this gene (sites 508 and 793 in the Escherichia coli 16S rRNA). The proteins encoded by the two introns were synthesized in vitro and tested for their ability to cleave the homing site of their respective introns. Only the CpSSU.1-encoded protein (I-CpaII) was found to display specific DNA endonuclease activity. At 0.1 mM MgCl2, I-CpaII nicks only the bottom (transcribed) DNA strand, but at concentrations ranging from 0.5 to 5.0 mM, it cleaves both DNA strands (leaving a 4 nucleotide single-stranded extension with 3'-OH overhangs) while preferentially nicking the bottom strand. The rate of cleavage of the top strand increases with increasing concentration of MgCl2. The preliminary data derived from these endonuclease assays suggest that the mode of DNA cleavage by I-CpaII is directed by the availability of Mg2+ and the affinity of different binding sites for this cation.
Robust Feedback Control of a Baffled Plate via Open-Loop Optimization (2001)

A SISO control system is built by using a volume displacement sensor and a set of actuators driven in parallel with a single amplifier. The actuators location is optimized to achieve an open-loop transfer function which exhibits alternating poles and zeros, as for systems with collocated actuators and sensors; the search procedure uses a genetic algorithm. The ability of a simple lead compensator to control this SISO system is numerically demonstrated.
Implications of a heuristic model of auroral Farley Buneman waves and heating (2013)

The global implications, particularly with respect to altitude dependence, of the heuristic model of Farley Buneman waves put forward initially by Milikh and Dimant (2002) are studied. This model prescribes a relationship between the background convection electric field that excites the waves and the transverse electric fields of the waves that grow in response. It also prescribes the magnetic aspect angle of the waves, which is related to their ability to heat the auroral E region. The prescription is based on the condition of marginal stability. We reformulate the basic model, which is local, and embed it in the SAMI2 ionospheric model, which includes wave and Joule heating, heat transport, cooling, temperature‐dependent collisions, and related chemistry. Within the limits of its underlying assumptions, the combined model can be used to predict the phase‐speeds and magnetic‐aspect widths of Farley Buneman waves in the auroral zone and the heating they can cause, all as functions of altitude. Model predictions are compared with experimental results, and the efficacy of the model assessed. This modeling exercise highlights the importance of the thickness of the layer in which Farley Buneman waves exist, the strong variations in wave characteristics across the layer, and the consequences this has for coherent scatter radar measurements of the phenomenon.
P-type ZnS, ZnSe, CdS and CdSe thin films growth by pulsed laser deposition (1994)

This paper explored the potential of a pulsed excimer laser deposition as an efficient technique to yield p-type doped II-VI compounds ZnS, ZnSe, CdS and CdSe thin films. Impurities such as Lithium, for p-type, and indium, for n-type, were introduced into the thin films during deposition on either GaAs or InP single crystal wafers. Carrier concentration was altered by changing the quantity of impurity added into the film. This technique spawned the p-n junctions of these media.
A novel circularly-polarised quad-band patch antenna for satellite applications (2013)

The design of a novel and versatile single-port quad-band patch antenna is presented. The antenna is capable of supporting a maximum of four operational sub-bands, with the inherent capability to enhance or suppress any resonance(s) of interest. In addition, circular-polarisation is also achieved at the low frequency band, to demonstrate the polarisation agility. A prototype model of the antenna has been fabricated and its performance experimentally validated. The antenna's single layer and low-profile configuration makes it suitable for mobile user terminals and its cavity-backed feature results in low levels of coupling.
[Effects of acupoint-embedment of medicated-thread and acupoint-injection on expression of cortical urokinase-type plasminogen activator and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 in rats with cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury]. (2010)

Both AI and ATE can down-regulate cortical uPA expression and up-regulate cortical PAI-1 expression in rats with CI/RI, which may contribute to their protective effect in reducing cerebral ischemic injury.
Thermally Cured Dual Functional Viologen-Based All-in-One Electrochromic Devices with Panchromatic Modulation (2016)

Vinyl benzyl viologen (VBV) was synthesized and utilized to obtain all-in-one thermally cured electrochromic devices (ECDs). The vinyl moiety of VBV monomer could react with methyl methacrylate (MMA) to yield bulky VBV/poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) chains and even cross-linked network without the assistance of additional cross-linker. Both the bulky VBV/PMMA chains and the resulting polymer network can hinder the aggregation of the viologens and reduce the possibility of dimerization, rendering enhanced cycling stability. Large transmittance changes (ΔT) over 60% at both 570 and 615 nm were achieved when the VBV-based ECD was switched from 0 V to a low potential bias of 0.5 V. Ultimately, the dual functional of VBV molecules, serving simultaneously as a promising electrochromic material and a cross-linker, is fully utilized in the proposed electrochromic system, making its fabrication process much easier. Negligible decays in ΔT at both wavelengths were observed for the cured ECD after being subjected to 1000 repetitive cycles, while 17.1% and 22.0% decays were noticed at 570 and 615 nm, respectively, for the noncured ECD. In addition, the low voltage-driven feature of the VBV-based ECD enables it to be incorporated with phenyl viologen (PV), further expanding the absorption range of the ECD. Panchromatic characteristic of the proposed PV/VBV-based ECD was demonstrated while exhibiting ΔT over 60% at both wavelengths. Only 5.3% and 6.9% decays, corresponding at 570 and 615 nm, respectively, were observed in the PV/VBV-based ECD after 10 000 continuous cycles at bleaching/coloring voltages of 0/0.5 V with an interval of 10 s for both bleaching and coloring processes.
High performance XML parsing using parallel bit stream technology (2008)

Parabix (parallel bit streams for XML) is an open-source XML parser that employs the SIMD (single-instruction multiple-data) capabilities of modern-day commodity processors to deliver dramatic performance improvements over traditional byte-at-a-time parsing technology. Byte-oriented character data is first transformed to a set of 8 parallel bit streams, each stream comprising one bit per character code unit. Character validation, transcoding and lexical item stream formation are all then carried out in parallel using bitwise logic and shifting operations. Byte-at-a-time scanning loops in the parser are replaced by bit scan loops that can advance by as many as 64 positions with a single instruction.
Preliminary results of the Phase IIa trial of a folate binding protein (FBP) adjuvant cancer vaccine (E39+GM-CSF) in ovarian and endometrial cancer patients to prevent recurrence (2014)

Meeting abstracts FBP (aka Folate Receptor-a) is an immunogenic protein that is over-expressed in breast, endometrial (EC) and ovarian cancer (OC). FBP expression in malignant cells is 20-80 fold higher compared to the limited distribution in normal cells. We have completed enrollment of a Phase
Breeding-season food habits of Burrowing Owls (Athene cunicularia) in southwestern Dominican Republic (1998)

(Uploaded by Plazi from the Biodiversity Heritage Library) No abstract provided.
Quel territoire pour quelle écologie industrielle ? Contribution à la définition du territoire en écologie industrielle (2014)

Que l’accent soit porté sur la technique ou sur l’humain, l’écologie industrielle se dote de concepts et d’outils pluriels. Pour autant, un nouveau champ de recherche met en exergue les relations de l’écologie industrielle avec une démarche territoriale. L’objet de cet article est d’amorcer la discussion sur les implications, pour l’écologie industrielle, des interactions possibles entre ce champ disciplinaire et les dimensions matérielle, organisationnelle, identitaire ou encore systémique du territoire. Les deux principales conceptions de l’écologie industrielle sont interpellées au regard de leur compréhension du territoire : 1/ la conception technique de l’écologie industrielle qui mobilise la dimension matérielle du territoire ; 2/ la conception anthropocentrée de l’écologie industrielle qui interpelle le territoire dans ses dimensions organisationnelle et identitaire. Puis, nous proposerons à la discussion une troisième conception de l’écologie industrielle qui s’articule avec une définition systémique du territoire.
Recent INEL spray-forming developments (1992)

Spray forming is a near-net-shape fabrication technology in which a spray of finely atomized liquid droplets is deposited onto a suitably shaped substrate or mold to produce a coherent solid. The technology offers unique opportunities for simplifying materials processing, oftentimes while substantially improving product quality. Spray forming can be performed with a wide range of metals and nonmetals, and offersproperty improvements resulting from rapid solidification (eg. refined microstructures, extended solid solubilities and reduced segregation). Economic benefits result from process simplification and the elimination of unit operations. Researchers at the Idaho National Engineering Laboratory (INEL) are developing spray-forming technology for producing near-net-shape solids and coatings of a variety of metals, polymers, and composite materials using de Laval nozzles. Results from several spray-forming programs are presented to illustrate the range of capabilities of the approach as well as the technical and economic benefits. These programs involved the production of low-carbon steel strip and SiC particulate reinforced aluminum strip; recent advances in spray forming tooling using low-melting-point metals are also described.
Nonlinear filtering for phase image denoising (2002)

The problem of phase image denoising through nonlinear (NL) filtering is addressed. There are various imaging systems in which the phase information is utilised to generate useful imaging data. However, the presence of noise makes difficult to obtain the appropriate phase image. The authors apply NL vector filtering techniques to denoise the complex data from which the phase image is extracted. A study was realised in which several NL filters were applied to a simulated complex image. The effects of filtering were determined through a Monte Carlo simulation in which the image was successively contaminated with six different noise models. The effectiveness of the filters was measured in terms of normalised mean square error, signal-to-noise ratio and the number of eliminated phase residues. Results indicate a significant noise reduction, especially when NL filters based on angular distances are applied to the noisy input.
Mechanical Thrombectomy Outcomes With and Without Intravenous Thrombolysis in Stroke Patients (2017)

Our results demonstrated that MT+IVT patients had better functional outcomes, lower mortality, higher rate of successful recanalization, requiring lower number of device passes, and equal odds of symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage compared with MT-IVT patients. The results support the current guidelines of offering intravenous thrombolysis to eligible patients even if they are being considered for mechanical thrombectomy. Because the data are compiled from studies where the 2 groups differed based on eligibility for intravenous thrombolysis, randomized trials are necessary to accurately evaluate the added value of intravenous thrombolysis in patients treated with mechanical thrombectomy.
Flat-band voltage and breakdown in single-grained ferroelectric thin film capacitors (1996)

Abstract Single-grained ferroelectric Pb(Zr, Ti)O3(PZT) thin films, with thickness varying from 0.1 to 0.7μm, were prepared on Pt-coated silicon substrates by pulsed laser deposition combined with rapid thermal annealing method. The current-voltage characteristics of the Pt/PZT/Pt capacitors, with various thickness of PZT, were measured. Two important turning points in J-V curves, namely flat-band voltage and breakdoiwn voltage according to the totaly minority-carrier injection model, were discussed. The electrical strength of the film was also studied by applying the square test pulses with different pulser duration.
OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF CdTe AND CdS QUANTUM DOTS IN GLASS (1992)

We summarize the linear and nonlinear optical properties of a variety of CdTe and CdS quantum dots in glass. The measured linear absorption of the CdTe sample is compared with calculations involving valence-band mixing due to the quantum confinement. The temperature dependence of the lowest quantum-confined transition and its linewidth for samples with various crystallite sizes are measured and compared with a simple model. It is found that the shift of the energetically lowest quantum-confined transition as a function of temperature is the same as the temperature-dependent band-gap reduction in bulk materials. Excitation of the sample with pulses ranging from femtoseconds to microseconds allows distinguishing between various mechanisms responsible for the observed optical nonlinearities. At very early times, phase-space filling and Coulomb interaction between the excited charged carriers are responsible for the absorption changes. At later times, Coulomb effects due to “trapped” carriers remain and last for nanoseconds or microseconds.
Identification of high frequency of Y chromosome deletions in patients with sex chromosome mosaicism and correlation with the clinical phenotype and Y‐chromosome instability (2005)

A mosaic karyotype consisting of a 45,X cell line and a second cell line containing a normal or an abnormal Y chromosome is relatively common and is associated with a wide spectrum of clinical phenotypes. The aim of this study was to investigate patients with such a mosaic karyotype for Y chromosome material loss and then study the possible association of the absence of these regions with the phenotype, diagnosis, and Y-chromosome instability. We studied 17 clinically well-characterized mosaic patients whose karyotype consisted of a 45,X cell line and a second cell line containing a normal or an abnormal Y chromosome. The presence of the Y chromosome centromere was verified by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and was then characterized by 44 Y-chromosome specific-sequence tagged site (STS) markers. This study identifies a high frequency of Yq chromosome deletions (47%). The deletions extend from interval 5 to 7 sharing a common deleted interval (6F), which overlaps with the azoospermia factor region (AZF) region. This study finds no association between Y-chromosome loci hosting genes other than SRY, and the phenotypic sex, the diagnosis, and the phenotype of the patients. Furthermore, this study shows a possible association of these deletions with Y-chromosome instability.
Whispering gallery modes in high quality ZnSe∕ZnMgSSe microdisks with CdSe quantum dots studied at room temperature (2006)

The authors observed whispering gallery modes with quality factors exceeding 2000 in ZnSe∕ZnMgSSe microdisks with self-assembled CdSe quantum dots at room temperature. The microdisks were realized by electron beam lithography and reactive ion etching and mounted on a glass plate. The far field emission of the microdisks exhibits a maximum in the direction parallel to the disk plane and couples efficiently into the glass plate. The microdisk spectra were analyzed in terms of mode separation for disk diameters ranging from 1.5to3.0μm. Transversal magnetic and transversal electric modes were identified.
TNFα Exposure Decreases Mitochondrial O 2 Consumption in Motor Neurons (2020)

Neuroinflammation triggers a homeostatic response that is mediated by pro‐inflammatory cytokines such as TNFα. We hypothesize that in a motor neuron‐like cell line, NSC‐34, TNFα decreases mitochondrial O 2 consumption. NSC‐34 cells were differentiated by serum depletion (~24 h) until neurite structures (&gt;50 μm) were observed. The cells were then exposed to TNFα (20 ng/ml) for 24 h. To determine mitochondrial volume density, the cells were loaded with MitoTracker Green and imaged in 3D using a Nikon A1R confocal microscope (60x oil immersion 1.4 NA). After treatment with TNFα, mitochondria appeared fragmented but mitochondrial volume density increased by ~50%, as compared to control untreated cells. A Agilent Seahorse XF Analyzer was used to determine the O 2 consumption of treated and untreated cells during a stress test that determines basal respiration, ATP production and maximum respiration. O 2 consumption was normalized to mitochondrial volume density in both treated and untreated groups. After TNFα exposure, basal respiration, ATP production and maximum respiration decreased per mitochondrion. However, overall O 2 consumption of the cells was unchanged after TNFα exposure due to an offsetting increase in mitochondrial volume density. Using MitoSox, we also measured reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation in treated and untreated NSC‐34 cells. ROS is a byproduct of mitochondrial O 2 consumption, and can cause cellular damage. After TNFα exposure, ROS formation increased compared to untreated cells. We conclude that mitochondrial biogenesis and an increase in mitochondrial volume density represent a homeostatic mechanism to reduce O 2 consumption the per mitochondrion, thereby damping ROS formation while maintaining overall cellular O 2 consumption and ATP production. Support or Funding Information Supported by NIH grant AG44615 and HL105355.
Specific proteome changes in platelets from individuals with GATA1-, GFI1B-, and RUNX1-linked bleeding disorders (2021)

Mutations in the transcription factors GATA binding factor 1 (GATA1), growth factor independence 1B (GFI1B), and Runt-related transcription factor 1 (RUNX1) cause familial platelet and bleeding disorders. Mutant platelets exhibit common abnormalities including an α-granule reduction resulting in a grayish appearance in blood smears. This suggests that similar pathways are deregulated by different transcription factor mutations. To identify common factors, full platelet proteomes from 11 individuals with mutant GATA1R216Q, GFI1BQ287*, RUNX1Q154Rfs, or RUNX1TD2-6 and 28 healthy controls were examined by label-free quantitative mass spectrometry. In total, 2875 platelet proteins were reliably quantified. Clustering analysis of more than 300 differentially expressed proteins revealed profound differences between cases and controls. Among cases, 44 of 143 significantly downregulated proteins were assigned to platelet function, hemostasis, and granule biology, in line with platelet dysfunction and bleedings. Remarkably, none of these proteins were significantly diminished in all affected cases. Similarly, no proteins were commonly overrepresented in all affected cases compared with controls. These data indicate that the studied transcription factor mutations alter platelet proteomes in distinct largely nonoverlapping manners. This work provides the quantitative landscape of proteins that affect platelet function when deregulated by mutated transcription factors in inherited bleeding disorders.
Remotely Sensed Estimates of Crop Residue Cover for Standing and Flat Wheat Stubble (2012)

Standing crop residue is important for erosion control and soil water storage, while laid flat crop residue is beneficial for carbon sequestration and subsequent farm operations. Remote sensing provides a quick, objective and efficient tool for measuring the amount of crop residue in the field. The relative position of stubble creates a layer of complexity in remote sensing in addition to distinguishing the crop residue against the soil background. The objective of this study was to estimate crop residue cover and amount for both standing and laid flat stubbles, and between two winter wheat harvest methods (i.e. stripper-header and conventional header) using a select Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) and hyperspectral-based indices. Data collected from plots in Colorado include hyperspectral scans, crop residue amount (by weight), and residue cover (by photo-grid). Mean analyses, correlation tests, and spectral signature comparison showed the relative position of the crop residues affected the values of some remote sensing indices more than harvest management. However, there was inadequate evidence to support the use of these indices to accurately estimate the amount of residue. This information will be useful in analyzing remotely sensed data, especially for soil and water conservation across different landscapes.