gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Vapor Phase Association of Trifluoroacetic Acid with Acetone and Cyclopentanone (1966)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTVapor Phase Association of Trifluoroacetic Acid with Acetone and CyclopentanoneChii Ling, Sherril D. Christian, and Harold E. AffsprungCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1966, 70, 3, 901–904Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1966Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1966https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100875a047https://doi.org/10.1021/j100875a047research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views192Altmetric-Citations10LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Intensive Systemic Chemotherapy Combined With Surgery for Metastatic Colorectal Cancer: Results of a Phase II Study (2005)

The MIROX strategy is feasible and well tolerated by patients with resectable metastatic colorectal cancer. Progression-free and overall survival rates are promising, with a median of 38 months of follow-up. This strategy currently is being compared with the leucovorin and FU regimen in a phase III trial.
Efficient VOx/Ce1–xTixO2 Catalysts for Low-Temperature NH3-SCR: Reaction Mechanism and Active Sites Assessed by in Situ/Operando Spectroscopy (2017)

Supported V2O5/Ce1–xTixO2 (3, 5, and 7 wt % V; x = 0, 0.1, 0.3, 0.5, 1) and bare supports have been tested in the selective catalytic reduction (SCR) of NO by NH3 at different gas hourly space velocities (GHSVs) and were comprehensively characterized using XRD, pseudo in situ XPS, and UV–vis DRS as well as EPR and DRIFTS in in situ and operando mode. The best V/Ce1–xTixO2 (x = 0.3, 0.5) catalysts showed almost 100% NO conversion and N2 selectivity already at 190 °C with a GHSV value of 70000 h–1, which belongs to the best performances observed so far in low-temperature NH3-SCR of NO. The corresponding bare supports still converted around 80% to N2 under the same conditions. On bare supports, SCR proceeds via a Langmuir–Hinshelwood mechanism comprising the reaction of adsorbed surface nitrates with adsorbed NH3. On V/Ce1–xTixO2, nitrate formation is not possible, and an Eley–Rideal mechanism is working in which gaseous NO reacts with adsorbed NH3 and NH4+. Lewis and Brønsted acid sites, though adsorption of NH3, do not scale with the catalytic activity, which is governed rather by the redox ability of the materials. This is boosted in the supports by replacing Ce with the more redox active Ti and in catalysts by tight connection of vanadyl species via O bridges to the support surface forming −Ce–O–V(═O)–O–Ti– units in which the equilibrium valence state of V under reaction conditions is close to +5.
Ncoa2 Promotes CD8+ T cell–Mediated Antitumor Immunity by Stimulating T-cell Activation via Upregulation of PGC-1α Critical for Mitochondrial Function (2023)

Nuclear receptor coactivator 2 (Ncoa2) is a member of the Ncoa family of coactivators, and we previously showed that Ncoa2 regulates the differentiation of induced regulatory T cells. However, it remains unknown if Ncoa2 plays a role in CD8+ T-cell function. Here, we show that Ncoa2 promotes CD8+ T cell-mediated immune responses against tumors by stimulating T-cell activation via upregulating PGC-1α expression to enhance mitochondrial function. Mice deficient in Ncoa2 in T cells (Ncoa2fl/fl/CD4Cre) displayed defective immune responses against implanted MC38 tumors, which associated with significantly reduced tumor-infiltrating CD8+ T cells and decreased IFNγ production. Consistently, CD8+ T cells from Ncoa2fl/fl/CD4Cre mice failed to reject tumors after adoptive transfer into Rag1-/- mice. Further, in response to TCR stimulation, Ncoa2fl/fl/CD4Cre CD8+ T cells failed to increase mitochondrial mass, showed impaired oxidative phosphorylation, and had lower expression of PGC-1α, a master regulator of mitochondrial biogenesis and function. Mechanically, T-cell activation-induced phosphorylation of CREB triggered the recruitment of Ncoa2 to bind to enhancers, thus, stimulating PGC-1α expression. Forced expression of PGC-1α in Ncoa2fl/fl/CD4Cre CD8+ T cells restored mitochondrial function, T-cell activation, IFNγ production, and antitumor immunity. This work informs the development of Ncoa2-based therapies that modulate CD8+ T cell-mediated antitumor immune responses.
Effects of Cyclization on Peptide Backbone Dynamics (2015)

Despite the widespread use of cyclization as a structure optimization tool in peptide chemistry, little is known about the effect of cyclization on peptide internal dynamics. In this work, we used a combination of multifield NMR relaxation and molecular dynamics techniques to study both monocyclic and polycyclic peptides that have promising biopharmaceutical properties, namely, VH, SFTI-1, and cVc1.1, and their less constrained analogues to study the effects of backbone cyclization (which forms a macrocycle) and disulfide-bond cyclization (which forms internal cycles). We confirmed that backbone cyclization contributes to the rigidity of the monocyclic VH. Interestingly, however, backbone cyclization of the bicyclic SFTI-1 had a limited effect on rigidity, with changes in internal dynamics localized around the ligation site. This suggests that the disulfide bond, which creates an internal cycle, has an insulating effect, protecting the internal cycle from external motional effects. An insulating effect was also observed for the polycyclic cVc1.1: The rigidity of the core was not enhanced by macrocyclization. Additionally, we found that disulfide bonds provide a greater contribution to overall rigidity than macrocyclization. Overall, our results suggest that, although backbone cyclization can improve rigidity, there is a complex interplay between dynamics and cyclization, particularly for polycyclic systems.
Efficient Synthesis of 1-Amino-2-naphthalenecarboxylic Acid Derivatives via a Sequential Michael Addition/Enolate−Nitrile Coupling Route and Its Application to Facile Preparation of 9-Amino Analogues of Arylnaphthofuranone Lignans (1997)

The reaction of 2-(alpha-lithioalkyl)benzonitriles, generated in situ by treatment of 2-alkylbenzonitriles with LDA in diglyme, with alpha,beta-unsaturated carboxylates and nitriles produced 1-amino-3,4-dihydro-2-naphthalenecarboxylates and carbonitriles in 54-98% yields through Michael addition of the lithio nitriles to alpha,beta-unsaturated carboxylic acid derivatives, followed by zinc iodide-promoted intramolecular enolate-nitrile coupling of the resulting enolate intermediates. The dihydronaphthalenecarboxylic acid derivatives were converted to the corresponding 1-amino-2-naphthalenecarboxylic acid derivatives in 43-99% yields on dehydrogenation with palladium on activated carbon in refluxing p-cymene. Subsequently, we showed that, by using a similar reaction sequence, 9-amino analogues of arylnaphthofuranone lignan derivatives {9-amino-4-arylnaphtho[2,3-c]furan-1(3H)-ones} could also be prepared from 2-(arylmethyl)benzonitriles and furan-2(5H)-one in good overall yields (59-61%).
Characterization of cellulose nanocrystals by current spectroscopic techniques (2021)

Over the past few years, cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs), also known as nanocrystalline cellulose (NCCs), have received significant attention owing to their diverse spectrum of applications. CNCs are commonly considered in nanomedicine, the food industry, tissue engineering, energy and storage applications, paper and textile industry, polymeric composites, and bio-catalysis. Due to the versatility of CNCs and CNC-derived materials, there is increasing importance in characterizing their properties using spectroscopic techniques. These spectroscopic techniques include solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron (XPS) spectroscopy, and Raman spectroscopy. This review focuses on the characterization of CNCs and CNCs-derived materials using the aforementioned spectroscopic techniques. This review also discusses the background, experimental procedures, sample preparation, and spectral analysis methods used in these techniques.
Forced periodic reactor operation: Analysis of process and forcing parameters exploiting the nonlinear frequency response method (2020)

Continuous chemical reactors are mostly operated under steady-state conditions. However, theoretical studies reveal that forced periodic operation (FPO) can lead to better performance. To predict and optimize FPO, the nonlinear frequency response (NFR) method provides an analytical approach. The presented work is focused on providing theoretical and experimental results devoted to demonstrating both the potential of forced periodic operation and the strength of the NFR method to identify suitable operating conditions. The hydrolysis of acetic anhydride is studied experimentally as a model reaction applying an adiabatic continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR).
DISC1 in Purkinje cells: possible relevance to neurodevelopmental disorders (2013)

DISC1 In Purkinje Cells: Possible Relevance To Neurodevelopmental Disorders Alexey Shevelkin1,2, Bagrat Abazyan1, David J. Linden3, Christopher A. Ross1,3,4,5, Hongkui Zeng7, and Mikhail Pletnikov1,3,6 1Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; 2P.K.Anokhin Research Institute of Normal Physiology, Moscow, Russian Federation; Departments of Neuroscience3, Neurology4, Pharmacology5 and Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology6, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; 7Research and Development Program, Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA
A positive feedback mechanism in the regulation of mammalian chitinase responses (56.29) (2011)

Abstract Immunosuppressed patients are highly susceptible to invasive fungal infections (IFI) such as invasive pulmonary aspergillosis, which is predominantly caused by the fungus Aspergillus fumigatus. An important component of the fungal cell wall is chitin, a polymer of N-acetyl-D-glucosamine (GlcNAc). Chitin is not produced by humans, however, the chitin degrading enzymes (chitinases) chitotriosidase (Chit-1) and acidic mammalian chitinase (AMCase) are. Chitinase is predominantly produced by activated macrophages, and may possibly aid in the defense against chitin-containing pathogens. We show that serum and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) chitinase levels are increased in patients with IFI, and in mice after pulmonary exposure to A. fumigatus conidia. Several different stimuli, including stimulation with chitin can lead to chitinase responses. In vitro stimulation of U937 human monocytes and RAW mouse macrophages with either chitin-particles (7-12 µm) or GlcNAc increased secreted and intracellular chitinase activity, the accumulation of intracellular Chit-1, and significantly increased the mRNA levels of Chit-1 and AMCase. Accordingly, we hypothesize that Chit-1 expression is regulated through a positive feedback mechanism involving the degradation of chitin to GlcNAc by host chitinases and GlcNAc recognition that in turn upregulates chitinase expression. This potential feedback mechanism of chitinase regulation may have utility in the diagnosis of IFIs.
Path Following for Underactuated Marine Vessels (2016)

This paper investigates the problem of making an under actuated marine vessel follow an arbitrary differentiable Jordan curve. A solution is proposed which relies on a hierarchical control methodology involving the simultaneous stabilization of two nested sets, and results in a smooth, static, and time-invariant feedback. The methodology in question effectively reduces the control problem to one of path following for a kinematic point-mass. It is shown that as long as the curvature of the path is smaller than a quantity dependent on the mass and damping parameters of the ship, path following is achieved with uniformly bounded sway speed.
Crosstalk in automultiscopic 3-D displays: blessing in disguise? (2007)

Most of 3-D displays suffer from interocular crosstalk, i.e., the perception of an unintended view in addition to intended one. The resulting "ghosting" at high-contrast object boundaries is objectionable and interferes with depth perception. In automultiscopic (no glasses, multiview) displays using microlenses or parallax barrier, the effect is compounded since several unintended views may be perceived at once. However, we recently discovered that crosstalk in automultiscopic displays can be also beneficial. Since spatial multiplexing of views in order to prepare a composite image for automultiscopic viewing involves sub-sampling, prior anti-alias filtering is required. To date, anti-alias filter design has ignored the presence of crosstalk in automultiscopic displays. In this paper, we propose a simple multiplexing model that takes crosstalk into account. Using this model we derive a mathematical expression for the spectrum of single view with crosstalk, and we show that it leads to reduced spectral aliasing compared to crosstalk-free case. We then propose a new criterion for the characterization of ideal anti-alias pre-filter. In the experimental part, we describe a simple method to measure optical crosstalk between views using digital camera. We use the measured crosstalk parameters to find the ideal frequency response of anti-alias filter and we design practical digital filters approximating this response. Having applied the designed filters to a number of multiview images prior to multiplexing, we conclude that, due to their increased bandwidth, the filters lead to visibly sharper 3-D images without increasing aliasing artifacts.
Differential Microstrip Sensor for Complex Permittivity Characterization of Organic Fluid Mixtures (2021)

A microstrip highly sensitive differential sensor for complex permittivity characterization of urine samples was designed, fabricated and tested. The sensing area contains two pairs of open-stub resonators, and the working frequency of the unloaded sensor is 1.25 GHz. The sensor is easily implemented on an affordable substrate FR-4 Epoxy with a thickness of 1.6 mm. A Teflon beaker is mounted on the sensor without affecting the measurements. Numerically, liquid mixtures of water and urine at different percentages were introduced to the proposed sensor to evaluate the frequency variation. The percentage of water content in the mixture varied from 0% (100% urine) to 100% (0% urine) with a step of 3.226%, thus giving 32 data groups of the simulated results. Experimentally, the mixtures of: 0% urine (100% water), 20% urine (80% water), 33% urine (66% water), 50% urine (50% water), 66% urine (33% water), and 100% urine (0% water) were considered for validation. The complex permittivity of the considered samples was evaluated using a nonlinear least square curve fitting in MATLAB in order to realize a sensing sensitivity of about 3%.
Pyrolysis Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry Studies to Evaluate High-Temperature Aqueous Pretreatment as a Way to Modify the Composition of Bio-Oil from Fast Pyrolysis of Wheat Straw (2009)

Hot water pretreatment was systematically studied to determine whether reaction selectivity of cellulose toward the production of anhydrosugars and furanics could be improved. Samples of wheat straw and α-cellulose were treated using hot compressed water at temperatures ranging between 150 and 260 °C. The effect of hot water pretreatment on pyrolysis selectivity was measured using pyrolysis gas chromatography mass spectrometry (Py-GC/MS). Various representative peak area ratios were compared and used as an index of pyrolysis selectivity. The chemical and Py-GC/MS analysis of solid residues resulting from hot water pretreatment suggest that, as the temperature increased, the hemicelluloses and amorphous cellulose were solubilized. The relative areas of the Py-GC/MS results associated with levoglucosan increased for both straw and α-cellulose with increasing treatment temperature. The results show that the selectivity of thermochemical reactions toward the production of sugars and furanics can be enhanced if the material is treated in hot water at temperatures between 220 and 260 °C, and the amount of acetic acid is reduced substantially. Thus, hot water pretreatment may be a viable method to modify the chemical composition of bio-oils produced via fast pyrolysis.
Optimal DG Allocation and Volt–Var Dispatch for a Droop-Based Microgrid (2020)

Unequal reactive power sharing amongst distributed generators (DG) is a significant concern while operating a droop based microgrid. The reasons for this unequal reactive power sharing include the difference in feeder impedances, uneven distribution of loads and DGs in terms of size and locations. In this article, a mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) problem applicable for a droop based microgrid has been proposed to achieve proportional reactive power sharing amongst DGs while maintaining very low line losses. Firstly, the optimal sizing and placement of DGs are investigated. This includes a detailed discussion on the linearisation of various nonlinear terms involved in the formulation. Subsequently, a day-ahead dispatch is generated for these DGs for a given load profile. Additionally, network reconfiguration has been incorporated for further improvement in performance. The effect of considering a practical constant impedance-current-power (ZIP) load model, instead of simply considering constant impedance loads, has also been assessed. The proposed formulation has been tested on a 33 bus network which has been modified to represent an islanded microgrid. The results obtained validate the accuracy of the proposed planning and dispatch method and demonstrate its utility in achieving proportional reactive power sharing amongst the DGs while incurring very low line losses.
Radiative lifetimes of noble-gas ion-laser states: Collected results (1974)

A summary of measurements of radiative lifetimes for 34 separate upper laser levels in noble-gas ion systems is presented. The technique used is pulsed excitation by threshold-energy electron impact followed by multichannel delayed-coincidence analysis. Results are specifically given for the <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3p</tex> states of Ne+, the <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">4p</tex> states of Ar+, the <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">5p</tex> states of Kr+, and the <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">6p</tex> states of Xe+. The errors in measurement range from ≈ 2 to 6 percent.
Computational Characterization of ncRNA Fragments in Various Tissues of the Brassica rapa Plant (2017)

Recently, a novel type of non-coding RNA (ncRNA), known as ncRNA fragments or ncRFs, has been characterised in various organisms, including plants. The biogenesis mechanism, function and abundance of ncRFs stemming from various ncRNAs are poorly understood, especially in plants. In this work, we have computationally analysed the composition of ncRNAs and the fragments that derive from them in various tissues of <i>Brassica rapa</i> plants, including leaves, meristem tissue, pollen, unfertilized and fertilized ova, embryo and endosperm. Detailed analysis of transfer RNA (tRNA) fragments (tRFs), ribosomal RNA (rRNA) fragments (rRFs), small nucleolar RNA (snoRNA) fragments (snoRFs) and small nuclear RNA (snRNA) fragments (snRFs) showed a predominance of tRFs, with the 26 nucleotides (nt) fraction being the largest. Mapping ncRF reads to full-length mature ncRNAs showed a strong bias for one or both termini. tRFs mapped predominantly to the 5' end, whereas snRFs mapped to the 3' end, suggesting that there may be specific biogenesis and retention mechanisms. In the case of tRFs, specific isoacceptors were enriched, including tRNA<sup>Gly(UCC)</sup> and tRF<sup>Asp(GUC)</sup>. The analysis showed that the processing of 26-nt tRF5' occurred by cleavage at the last unpaired nucleotide of the loop between the D arm and the anticodon arm. Further support for the functionality of ncRFs comes from the analysis of binding between ncRFs and their potential targets. A higher average percentage of binding at the first half of fragments was observed, with the highest percentage being at 2-6 nt. To summarise, our analysis showed that ncRFs in <i>B. rapa</i> are abundantly produced in a tissue-specific manner, with bias toward a terminus, the bias toward the size of generated fragments and the bias toward the targeting of specific biological processes.
Quantitative Density Analysis of Ultra-Low Density Polymer Foams Using Various X-ray Imaging Techniques (2014)

Laboratory-based nano-scale X-ray computed tomography is a valuable tool for the visualization and quantification of microstructures within various materials.With approximately 150 nm 2D resolution, internal structures of a system can be probed non-destructively, which is not available with other imaging systems.Of significant interest is the microstructure of high internal phase emulsion (HIPE) chlorinated polystyrene foams for use in inertial confinement fusion targets.[1,2] In addition to local microstructure, another important property of polystyrene foams is the density of the foam; this property is traditionally measured using gravimetric methods.However, this is a bulk method which can be plagued with large uncertainties if the sample is of ultra-low density.Furthermore, this method yields no information of larger scale density gradients within the foam.A solution to this analytical problem is monochromatic X-ray radiographic imaging.[3]With this characterization technique, a quantitative density measurement is possible based on the X-ray transmission of the sample.In addition, density gradients within the polystyrene foams can be observed.Herein, we report the microstructural characterization of a series of HIPE polystyrene foams using laboratory-based nano-scale X-ray computed tomography.As can be seen in the nano-scale CT reconstructed slice, presented in Figure 1, these low-density foams contain an internal void microstructure.The densities of these foams were also measured from radiographs (Fig. 2) obtained non-destructively using a monochromatic X-ray imaging system utilizing a chromium source operating at 5.4 keV.The densities of these foams range from ~70 to 160 mg cm -3 , as determined by X-ray imaging.The majority of the X-ray based density measurements agree well with measured gravimetric densities; however, a subset of the polystyrene foams exhibit relatively large diameters (~400 μm), resulting in low X-ray transmission (~0.9%) and large relative percent differences between the image-based measurements and gravimetric measurements (Fig. 3).This result highlights the need for a monochromatic X-ray imaging system which operates at higher energy which would allow for a relatively larger transmission through thick foam samples.