gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Market-acceptable cost for a hybrid solar linear concentrator in India—A sensitivity study (2016)

A hybrid solar linear concentrator (HSLC) based on photovoltaic linear concentrator technology is capable of delivering both electricity and hot water for satisfying urban energy needs. The net output of such a system plays a major role in determining the benefit to cost ratio of such a system. Different approaches were tried in this article to consider the thermal energy in equivalent electrical energy terms to determine the net output of the system under select meteorological conditions. A sensitivity-based study is conducted based on these approaches considering the maintenance cost, payback, net present values and benefit to cost ratios. The capital cost of the system at Rs 200,000 to Rs 300,000 yielded a benefit to cost ratio of 1.79 to 3, respectively whereas the same cost structures had an internal rate of return of 10.4% and 5.2%, respectively. When compared to the actual market price of the HSLC system, carbon credits earned during the lifetime operation of the HSLC system were useful for the mitigation of the high investment costs.
SUCCESSFUL ACHILLES TENDON REGENERATION USING A BIORESORBABLE NANOFIBRE SCAFFOLD, STEM CELLS, AND GROWTH FACTOR IN A RAT TENDON GAP DEFECT MODEL (2014)

Summary Statement A resorbable and biocompatible polymer-based scaffold was used for the proliferation and delivery of adipose derived stromal cells, as well as delivery of a cell growth/differentiation promoting factor for improved tendon defect regeneration. Introduction Surgeons perform thousands of direct tendon repairs annually. Repaired tendons fail to return to normal function following injury, and thus require continued efforts to improve patient outcomes. The ability to produce regenerate tendon tissue with properties equal to pre-injured tendon could lead to improved treatment outcomes. The aim of this study was to investigate in vivo tendon regeneration using a biodegradable polymer for the delivery of adipose derived stromal cells (ADSCs) and a polypeptide, growth/differentiation factor-5/(GDF-5), in a tendon gap model. Patients & Methods Female Fischer 344 rats underwent unilateral Achilles tenotomies. Defects were left un-repaired (Group 1-control), bridged using electrospun 65:35 polylactide-co-glycolide (PLAGA) tubular scaffolds (Group 2), PLAGA/ADSCs (Group 3), or PLAGA/GDF-5 (Group 4) scaffold composites. The plantaris was left intact. Operative limbs were immobilised for 10–14 days, followed by unrestricted activity. The rats were sacrificed at 4 weeks or 8 weeks after surgery, and tendons were assessed with histological, biochemical, and mechanical analyses. Results PLAGA, PLAGA/ADSCs, and PLAGA/GDF-5 groups showed increased collagen I gene expression at both the 4 and 8 week time points (p Discussion/Conclusions These results demonstrate that a tubular bioresorbable scaffold can promote extracellular matrix synthesis and organization, and the formation of neo-tendinous tissue; as well as serve as a carrier of adipose stromal cells and growth factors that are effective for tendon regeneration. Cells, growth factors and synthetic biomaterial polymers may be combined as a paradigm for regenerative engineering thereby serving as promising options for improved treatments of tendon injuries and potentially improving patient outcomes.
Bacterial biofilm formation versus mammalian cell growth on titanium-based mono- and bi-functional coating (2010)

Biomaterials-associated-infections (BAI) are serious complications in modern medicine. Although non-adhesive coatings, like polymer-brush coatings, have been shown to prevent bacterial adhesion, they do not support cell growth. Bi-functional coatings are supposed to prevent biofilm formation while supporting tissue integration. Here, bacterial and cellular responses to poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) brush-coatings on titanium oxide presenting the integrin-active peptide RGD (arginine-glycine-aspartic acid) (bioactive "PEG-RGD") were compared to mono-functional PEG brush-coatings (biopassive "PEG") and bare titanium oxide (TiO2) surfaces under flow. Staphylococcus epidermidis ATCC 35983 was deposited on the surfaces under a shear rate of 11 s-1 for 2 h followed by seeding of U2OS osteoblasts. Subsequently, both S. epidermidis and U2OS cells were grown simultaneously on the surfaces for 48 h under low shear (0.14 s-1). After 2 h, staphylococcal adhesion was reduced to 3.6-/+1.8 x 103 and 6.0-/+3.9 x 103 cm-2 on PEG and PEG-RGD coatings respectively, compared to 1.3-/+0.4 x 105 cm-2 for the TiO2 surface. When allowed to grow for 48 h, biofilms formed on all surfaces. However, biofilms detached from the PEG and PEG-RGD coatings when exposed to an elevated shear (5.6 s-1) U2OS cells neither adhered nor spread on PEG brush-coatings, regardless of the presence of biofilm. In contrast, in the presence of biofilm, U2OS cells adhered and spread on PEG-RGD coatings with a significantly higher surface coverage than on bare TiO2. The detachment of biofilm and the high cell surface coverage revealed the potential significance of PEG-RGD coatings in the context of the "race for the surface" between bacteria and mammalian cells.
A 4K-bit static I2L memory (1979)

A 4096-bit ECL random-access memory using high-density I <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> L memory cell has been developed. Novel ECL circuit techniques and I <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> L flip-flop memory cells are introduced for realizing high-speed performance, low-power operation, and small chip size. It operates typically under 20-ns access time and 300 mW of power dissipation, realizing 1.46 pJ/bit of access time and power-per-bit product, a figure of merit of memory devices. The memory cell and chip size of 1122 µm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> (33 µm × 34 µm) and 9.9 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> (3 mm × 3.3 mm), respectively, are achieved with V-groove isolated bipolar process technology. The memory is organized into 4096 words × 1 bit, and is packaged into 18-pin DIP and also 18-pad leadless chip carrier package. Development results have shown that the n-p-n-coupled superintegrated I <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> L flip-flop memory cell is very promising for high-speed and low-power static RAM's above 4K-bit/chip area.
Injury risk functions for frontal oblique collisions (2018)

The risk of obtaining MAIS 2+ injuries is significantly higher in oblique crashes than in nonoblique crashes. In the real world, most MAIS 2+ injuries occur in an oEES range from 30 to 60 km/h.
Comparison of amylolytic and proteolytic activities of ruminal fungi grown on cereal grains (1993)

Strains of the ruminal fungi Neocallimastix patriciarum, Orpinomyces joyonii, and Piromyces communis were grown on cellobiose and on cereal grains and then examined for proteolytic and amylolytic activities. On cellobiose all three fungi displayed similar activities, with the exception of little amylolytic activity in the cell-associated fraction of N. patriciarum. Growth on the cereal grains barley, corn, and wheat showed differences in proteolytic and amylolytic activities amongst the ruminal fungi and between the cereal grains. The data suggest that while these fungi are capable of fermenting the cereal grains the mode of enzymatic attack varies both with the particular fungus and the type of cereal grain.
Modelling polarisation of ferroelectric SBT capacitorsincluding temperature dependence (2001)

A new model for thin film SBT ferroelectric capacitors including temperature behaviour is presented. The model, which is based on the Preisach theory, requires parameters that are physically based and which can be easily extracted from measured data. Iterative procedures are not used in the model, which makes it best suited for use in circuit simulators.
Digital encoding of speech and audio signals based on the perceptual requirements of the auditory system (1979)

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 1979.
Effects of vitamin D metabolites on collagen production and cell proliferation of growth zone and resting zone cartilage cells in vitro (1989)

Previous studies have suggested that vitamin D metabolites directly influence the differentiation and maturation of chondrocytes in calcifying cartilage. Recently, this laboratory has shown that the response of chondrocyte plasma membrane and matrix vesicle enzymes to 1,25-(OH)2D3 and 24,25-(OH)2D3 is both cell and membrane specific. The current study demonstrates that cell replication and matrix protein synthesis are also modulated by vitamin D. Confluent, third-passage growth zone (GC) and resting zone (RC) costochondral chondrocytes were incubated in medium containing 10(-13)-10(-7) M 1,25-(OH)2D3 or 10(-12)-10(-6) M 24,25-(OH)2D3. The amount of collagenase-digestible protein (CDP) secreted into the media was inversely proportional to the concentration of fetal bovine serum (FBS). At 10% FBS, greater than 80% of the CDP was incorporated into the matrix. 1,25-(OH)2D3 stimulated CDP and percentage collagen synthesis by GC cells but had no effect on the synthesis of noncollagenous protein (NCP). 1,25-(OH)2D3 inhibited CDP and percentage collagen synthesis by RC cells but did not alter NCP synthesis. [3H]thymidine incorporation was inhibited in both cell types, whether confluent or subconfluent cultures were examined. At 10(-6) and 10(-7) M 24,25-(OH)2D3, there was a significant decrease in CDP production and percentage collagen synthesis by RC cells but no effect on NCP. However, at 10(-9) and 10(-10) M hormone there was an increase in NCP production but no effect on CDP, resulting in a decrease in percentage collagen synthesis. CDP and NCP production were unaffected by 24,25-(OH)2D3 in GC cells. High concentrations of hormone inhibited [3H]thymidine incorporation in both cell types.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
“Fair Shares”: Beyond capitalism and socialism, or the biological basis of social justice (2003)

The accumulating scientific evidence -- across many disciplines -- regarding human evolution and the dualities and complexities of human nature indicates that the core ideological assumptions of both capitalism and socialism are simplistic and ultimately irreconcilable. A biologically grounded approach to social justice enables us to articulate a new ideological paradigm that I call ''Fair Shares.'' This paradigm consists of three complementary normative principles. First, goods and services should be distributed to each according to his or her basic needs. Second, surpluses beyond the provisioning of our basic needs should be distributed according to merit. And, third, each of us is obliged in return to contribute to the ''collective survival enterprise'' in accordance with his or her ability. Though none of these three principles is new, in combination they provide a biologically informed middle way between capitalism and socialism. Some of the many issues that are raised by this formulation are also briefly addressed.
Evolution of Staphylococcus aureus by Large Chromosomal Replacements (2004)

Conjugative transfer and replacement of hundreds of kilobases of a bacterial chromosome can occur in vitro, but replacements in nature are either an order of magnitude smaller or involve the movement of mobile genetic elements. We discovered that two lineages of Staphylococcus aureus, including a pandemic methicillin-resistant lineage, were founded by single chromosomal replacements of at least approximately 244 and approximately 557 kb representing approximately 10 and approximately 20% of the chromosome, respectively, without the obvious involvement of mobile genetic elements. The replacements are unprecedented in natural populations of bacteria because of their large size and unique structure and may have a dramatic impact on bacterial evolution.
Ballistic Tracking - A True Zero Latency Gaming Interface (2013)

In this paper, we describe a new gaming interface, enabling human-computer interaction mediated by flying objects thrown at the computer display. The objects are tracked midair and the trajectories calculated before the actual hit. By extrapolating these trajectories, true zero latency for the interaction has been demonstrated in proof-of-concept games. The full spatiotemporal accuracy of this very low-cost system is shown to be of the order of 10 mm and 1 ms, with up to 50 ms predictability.
Learning about Structural and Optical Properties of Organic Compounds through Preparation of Functional Nanomicelles while Avoiding Hazardous Chemicals or Complicated Apparatus (2015)

The synthesis of nanomicelles in the aqueous phase on the basis of nonhazardous detergents is described where azulene and a naphthalene tetracarboximide are used in this experiment to teach the relation between structural and optical properties of organic compounds and point out possible applications. The experiment covers many aspects of modern-day chemistry; a simple handling of nonhazardous reagents makes the system suitable for basic chemical education even for comparably moderately skilled persons.
High Speed Single Cavity Rig With Axial Throughflow of Cooling Air: Rig Structure and Periphery (2019)

Abstract Appropriate understanding of heat transfer and temperature distribution of gas-turbine compressor disks is very important for mechanical rotor design. Accurate prediction of disk metal temperatures is key to ensure safe operation and furthermore rotor tip clearances has a significant influence on the compressor efficiency. Despite great improvements in the prediction of fluid motion and heat transfer in complex systems, the increasingly demanding requirement for more efficient compressors demands more accurate understanding of the flow around those disks. Therefore, a research rig has been designed and built which has thermal and aerodynamic analogy to high pressure compressor rotor cavities in gas-turbine engines aiming at gathering data at engine representative conditions. The rig consists of two disks, a cylindrical shroud and a stationary inner shaft. To simulate those conditions a heating and chilling module has been designed to enable the emulation of disk thermal gradients. For changing the operating point a flow delivery system with ten valves and two air heaters will be used. By measuring the radial pressure distribution inside the cavity it is possible to calculate the tangential velocity of the fluid core. In addition to that the disc and fluid temperature inside the cavity will be measured by a telemetry system, as well as the inlet and outlet condition of the fluid entering and leaving the cavity.
Slow magnetic relaxation in a {CoIICoIII2} complex containing a high magnetic anisotropy trigonal bipyramidal CoII centre (2018)

We report a trinuclear mixed-valence {CoIICoIII2} complex, where the CoII centre adopts a trigonal bipyramidal geometry, leading to a large, easy-plane magnetic anisotropy and field-induced slow magnetic relaxation with a Raman-like relaxation process.
A Low-Voltage Low-Power Weak-Inversion Mode CMOS Ring Oscillator with a Wide Oscillation Frequency Range (2007)

A low-voltage low-power weak-inversion mode CMOS ring oscillator is proposed. The circuit is based on three cascaded stages of folded voltage inverters. All MOSFETs in this circuit work in the weak-inversion saturation region. The circuit achieves extremely low power dissipation of less than 1㎼ and a wide oscillation frequency range of more than 3 decades.
ABC : learn your alphabet with songs and rhymes / various authors ; read by Deryn Edwards and Mark Meadows. (2014)

Young children can enjoy learning their letters with the help of their favourite songs! Jam-packed with fun, there are plenty of questions to test learning. Have fun with phonics! Learn the alphabet through the sounds of each letter, from A all the way to Z. Learning the alphabet, it's as easy as ABC.
Activators of PPARs and LXR decrease the adverse effects of exogenous glucocorticoids on the epidermis (2009)

While glucocorticoids (GC) exert beneficial effects (anti-inflammatory), they also have adverse effects on the epidermis including decreased epidermal differentiation, decreased keratinocyte proliferation, and decreased cutaneous permeability barrier homeostasis. Thus, the purpose of this study was to develop strategies to prevent these GC toxicities using simultaneous topical treatments in clobetasol-treated mice. While a triple-lipid mixture of stratum corneum lipids (ceramide, free fatty acid and cholesterol) was previously shown to reverse the GC-induced abnormality in cutaneous barrier function [J Invest Dermatol, 120 (2003) 456], this lipid mixture did not prevent the GC-induced abnormalities in either keratinocyte proliferation or differentiation. As activators of PPARalpha, beta/delta, gamma and LXR, regulate keratinocyte proliferation and differentiation and improve permeability barrier homeostasis, we next assessed the effects of these activators during concurrent GC treatment. Co-application of either ciglitazone (PPARgamma activator), clofibrate (PPARalpha activator) or 22R (OH) cholesterol (LXR activator) with clobetasol prevented the decrease in involucrin, filaggrin and loricrin expression. By contrast, a PPARbeta/delta activator (GW501516) normalized only the expression of involucrin and filaggrin but not loricrin. Moreover, topical application of PPARalpha, beta/delta or LXR activators partially prevented the decrease in keratinocyte proliferation in GC-treated murine skin, as measured using PCNA, while no effect was seen after co-treatment with PPARgamma activators. Finally, PPARgamma and PPARbeta/delta activators but not PPARalpha and LXR activators improved permeability barrier homeostasis in GC-treated mice. Together, these studies demonstrate that PPAR and LXR activators can prevent several of the adverse effects of topical GC on the epidermis.
Chirality and Spin: A Different Perspective on Enantioselective Interactions (2018)

This review describes a new perspective on the role that electron spin plays in the intermolecular forces between two chiral molecules and between chiral molecules and surfaces. This different role of the spin arises from the chiral induced spin selectivity (CISS) effect which is manifest when electrons are moving in chiral molecules. Namely, it has been shown that as chiral molecules are charge polarized, the electron displacement is accompanied by spin polarization. The spin direction associated with each electric pole depends on the specific handedness of the molecule. Thus, the consideration of the dispersive forces between two molecules, or between a molecule and a substrate, must include the spin polarization which adds an enantioselective electronic term to the interaction potential. We review recent experiments that show the relation between charge polarization and spin polarization in chiral molecules. The spin polarization also affects the direction of the ferromagnetic substrate magnetic moment of a surface, upon which the chiral molecules are adsorbed.
Primes and programming: an introduction to number theory with computing (1994)

Preface 1. The fundamental theorem, GCDs and LCMs 2. Listing primes 3. Congruences 4. Powers and pseudoprimes 5. Miller's test and strong pseudoprimes 6. Euler's theorem, orders and primality testing 7. Cryptography 8. Primitive roots 9. The number of divisors d and the sum of divisors 10. Continued fractions and factoring 11. Quadratic residues References Index.
Failure Tolerance of the Human Lumbar Spine in Combined Compression and Flexion Loading (2021)

Vehicle safety systems have substantially decreased motor vehicle crash-related injuries and fatalities, but injuries to the lumbar spine still have been reported. Experimental and computational analyses of upright and, particularly, reclined occupants in frontal crashes have shown that the lumbar spine can be subjected to axial compression followed by combined compression-flexion loading. Lumbar spine failure tolerance in combined compression-flexion has not been widely explored in the literature. Therefore, the goal of this study was to measure the failure tolerance of the lumbar spine in combined compression and flexion. Forty 3-vertebra lumbar spine segments were pre-loaded with axial compression and then subjected to dynamic flexion bending until failure. Clinically relevant middle vertebra fractures were observed in twenty-one of the specimens, including compression and burst fractures. The remaining nineteen specimens experienced failure at the potting grip interface. Since specimen characteristics and pre-test axial load varied widely within the sample, failure forces (mean 3.4 kN, range 1.6-5.1 kN) and moments (mean 73 Nm, range 0-181 Nm) also varied widely. Tobit univariate regressions were performed to determine the relationship between censored failure tolerance and specimen sex, segment type (upper/lower), age, and cross-sectional area. Age, sex, and cross-sectional area significantly affected failure force and moment individually (p&lt;0.0024). These data can be used to develop injury prediction tools for lumbar spine fractures and further research in future safety systems.
Model-based error analysis of the oscillometric fixed-ratio blood pressure measurement method (2012)

We investigated factors affecting the accuracy of the oscillometric fixed-ratio blood pressure measurement method. We specifically applied a parametric sensitivity analysis to a mathematical model of oscillometry. We found that changes in arterial stiffness at zero transmural pressure and pulse pressure represent major factors that can potentially cause large error in the method. In particular, our theoretical analysis demonstrates that the fixed-ratio method predicts (1) higher systolic and lower diastolic blood pressures as the artery stiffen over the zero transmural pressure regime and (2) higher systolic and lower diastolic blood pressures as the pulse pressure increases. Further, the impact of pulse pressure on these errors is more obvious as the artery stiffens.
QoS-Driven Service Selection for Multi-tenant SaaS (2012)

Cloud-based software applications (Software as a Service - SaaS) for multi-tenant provisioning have become a major development paradigm in Web engineering. Instead of serving a single end-user, a multi-tenant SaaS provides multiple end-users with the same functionality but with potentially different quality-of-service (QoS) values. The service selection for such a SaaS is a complex decision-making process which involves a number of stakeholders with different QoS requirements. SaaS developers need to compose services with different QoS values to meet end-users' different multidimensional QoS constraints for the SaaS. Furthermore, they also need to satisfy SaaS providers' optimisation goals for the SaaS, such as least resource cost and best system performance. Existing QoS-aware service selection approaches are oriented at a single tenant. They do not consider the characteristics of multi-tenant SaaS and hence are ineffective and inefficient when applied to compose multi-tenant SaaS. In this paper, we introduce a novel QoS-driven approach for helping SaaS developers select the services for composing multi-tenant SaaS, which achieves SaaS providers' optimisation goals while fulfilling the end-users' different levels of QoS constraints. The proposed approach is evaluated using an example SaaS synthetically generated based on a dataset of real-world Web services. Experimental results show that our approach significantly outperforms existing approaches in terms of both effectiveness and performance.