gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Direct and alignment-insensitive measurement of cantilever curvature (2013)

We analytically derive and experimentally demonstrate a method for the simultaneous measurement of deflection for large arrays of cantilevers. The Fresnel diffraction patterns of a cantilever independently reveal tilt, curvature, cubic, and higher order bending of the cantilever. It provides a calibrated absolute measurement of the polynomial coefficients describing the cantilever shape, without careful alignment and could be applied to several cantilevers simultaneously with no added complexity. We show that the method is easily implemented, works in both liquid media and in air, for a broad range of displacements and is especially suited to the requirements for multi-marker biosensors.
Frame rate reduction in laser Doppler holography (2020)

Laser Doppler holography (LDH) is an interferometric blood flow imaging technique based on full-field measurements of the Doppler broadening. So far, LDH has been demonstrated in the retina with ultrafast cameras, typically at 75 kHz. We show here that it can be implemented with camera frame rates 10 times slower than before. Low and high frequency local power Doppler signals have opposite variations due to energy conservation. A simple contrast inversion of the low frequency power Doppler reveals fast blood flow largely beyond the camera detection bandwidth for conventional laser Doppler measurements. Relevant blood flow variations and color composite power Doppler images can be obtained with camera frame rates down to a few kHz.
Intelligence ou expert: en qui avoir confiance (2019)

info:eu-repo/semantics/published
Effect of vertical sleeve gastrectomy on food selection and satiation in rats (2012)

Vertical sleeve gastrectomy (VSG) is a restrictive procedure that reduces food intake to produce weight loss. Here we assess volume and nutrient effects on the ingestive behavior of VSG and sham surgery animals. Rats given access to Ensure or pelleted chow were used to determine if liquid foods would adversely affect weight loss after surgery. Volume effects were studied by altering the caloric density of Ensure, and dietary preferences for fat and carbohydrate (sucrose) were assessed using a two-bottle test. c-Fos was used to measure neuronal activation in the nucleus of the solitary tract and area postrema in response to intragastric infusions of water, sucrose, or Intralipid. The degree of colocalization with catecholaminergic neurons was also assessed. VSG rats did not show the expected preference for a liquid diet over chow and lacked dietary preferences for fat seen in shams. Preferences for carbohydrate/sucrose solutions were unaffected by surgery. Meal size was reduced by VSG; however, VSG rats were able to alter their volume of intake to compensate for changes in caloric density, and intragastric infusions of water produced similar levels of neuronal activation among VSG, sham, and pair-fed rats. In comparison, nutrient-induced c-Fos activation was substantially increased by VSG. Colocalization between c-Fos and catecholaminergic-expressing neurons was similar among rats treated with water, sucrose, or Intralipid. VSG alters nutrient sensing in a manner that lowers the threshold for satiety and reduces fat preference to induce and maintain weight loss.
Sandwich-Structured Graphene-Fe3O4@Carbon Nanocomposites for High-Performance Lithium-Ion Batteries (2015)

Advanced anode materials for high power and high energy lithium-ion batteries have attracted great interest due to the increasing demand for energy conversion and storage devices. Metal oxides (e.g., Fe3O4) usually possess high theoretical capacities, but poor electrochemical performances owing to their severe volume change and poor electronic conductivity during cycles. In this work, we develop a self-assembly approach for the synthesis of sandwich-structured graphene-Fe3O4@carbon composite, in which Fe3O4 nanoparticles with carbon layers are immobilized between the layers of graphene nanosheets. Compared to Fe3O4@carbon and bulk Fe3O4, graphene-Fe3O4@carbon composite shows superior electrochemical performance, including higher reversible capacity, better cycle and rate performances, which may be attributed to the sandwich structure of the composite, the nanosized Fe3O4, and the carbon layers on the surface of Fe3O4. Moreover, compared to the reported graphene-Fe3O4 composite, the particle size of Fe3O4 is controllable and the content of Fe3O4 in this composite can be arbitrarily adjusted for optimal performance. This novel synthesis strategy may be employed in other sandwich-structured nanocomposites design for high-performance lithium-ion batteries and other electrochemical devices.
Acoustic supercoupling through a density-near-zero metamaterial channel (2013)

Originally demonstrated with electromagnetic waves, supercoupling describes the extraordinary matched transmission, energy squeezing, and anomalous quasistatic tunneling through narrow channels. This behavior is the result of impedance matching achieved when the effective properties within the channel approach zero. For electromagnetic waves, supercoupling is observed when the electric permittivity in the channel approaches zero. These channels are accordingly known as epsilon-near-zero (ENZ) channels. This work shows that analogous behavior exists in the acoustic domain when the effective density is nearly zero, which can be achieved by tailoring the structure of the channel. Such channels are therefore known as density-near-zero (DNZ) metamaterial channels. Unlike tunneling based on Fabry-Perot resonances, DNZ transmission is independent of channel length and geometry and yields a uniform field along the entire length of the channel. Transmission-line theory is used to describe this peculiar phenomenon and finite element simulations are presented to confirm the unusual transmission properties of the metamaterial channel. It is further shown that acoustic waves may provide a unique possibility of squeezing acoustic energy through arbitrarily small channels in three dimensions, overcoming limitations that arise in the electromagnetic case.
Magnetic Domain-Wall Racetrack Memory (2008)

Recent developments in the controlled movement of domain walls in magnetic nanowires by short pulses of spin-polarized current give promise of a nonvolatile memory device with the high performance and reliability of conventional solid-state memory but at the low cost of conventional magnetic disk drive storage. The racetrack memory described in this review comprises an array of magnetic nanowires arranged horizontally or vertically on a silicon chip. Individual spintronic reading and writing nanodevices are used to modify or read a train of approximately 10 to 100 domain walls, which store a series of data bits in each nanowire. This racetrack memory is an example of the move toward innately three-dimensional microelectronic devices.
Recent Research and Emerging Challenges in Physical Design for Manufacturability/Reliability (2007)

As IC process geometries scale down to the nanometer territory, the industry faces severe challenges of manufacturing limitations. To guarantee yield and reliability, physical design for manufacturability and reliability has played a pivotal role in resolution and thus yield enhancement for the imperfect manufacturing process. In this paper, we introduce major challenges arising from nanometer process technology, survey key existing techniques for handling the challenges, and provide some future research directions in physical design for manufacturability and reliability.
Development of a talking robot (2002)

The vocal movement isn't only a movement of the vocal organs. It is also a movement that produces acoustic signals received by hearing as linguistic information through hydroacoustic phenomena along with the formation of the vocal way. The purpose of this research is to make clear human vocal mechanism from the view of engineering by reproducing the vocal movement using a robot, and to make the dynamic model. Therefore, the authors developed an anthropomorphic talking robot, WT-1 (Waseda Talker-No.1). It simulates human voice movement, and has articulators (the 4-DOF lips, 1-DOF teeth, 6-DOF tongue, nasal cavity and 1-DOF soft palate) and the vocal organs (the 1-DOF vocal cords, 1-DOF lungs); Total DOF of the robot is 14.
Automated bug localization in JIT compilers (2021)

Many widely-deployed modern programming systems use just-in-time (JIT) compilers to improve performance. The size and complexity of JIT-based systems, combined with the dynamic nature of JIT-compiler optimizations, make it challenging to locate and fix JIT compiler bugs quickly. At the same time, JIT compiler bugs can result in exploitable security vulnerabilities, making rapid bug localization important. Existing work on automated bug localization focuses on static code, i.e., code that is not generated at runtime, and so cannot handle bugs in JIT compilers that generate incorrect code during optimization. This paper describes an approach to automated bug localization in JIT compilers, down to the level of distinct optimization phases, starting with a single initial Proof-of-Concept (PoC) input that demonstrates the bug. Experiments using a prototype implementation of our ideas on Google’s V8 JavaScript interpreter and TurboFan JIT compiler demonstrates that it can successfully identify buggy optimization phases.
An Iterative Two-Layer Optimization Charging and Discharging Trading Scheme for Electric Vehicle Using Consortium Blockchain (2019)

This paper introduces the concept of hierarchical and zonal scheduling and proposes an iterative two-layer model to optimize the charging and discharging trading of electric vehicles (EVs), so as to minimize the overall load variance of the distribution network under the constraints of power flow and vehicle travel demand. In order to solve the mixed-integer programming (MIP) problem that exists in this model, an improved heuristic algorithm, the adaptive inertia weight krill herd (KH) algorithm is proposed. In addition, we design a decentralized trading architecture and related electricity trading process based on the consortium blockchain to ensure the security and privacy of two-way electricity trading between EVs and the smart grid. The IEEE nodes based simulation experiment shows that our scheme can effectively smooth power load fluctuations, and the improved KH algorithm can effectively improve the efficiency of model solving. Security analysis qualitatively proves that our scheme can ensure the security and privacy-preserving of electricity trading. Finally, our scheme is implemented in the Hyperledger Fabric to evaluate the feasibility and effectiveness.
Charcot Neuroarthropathy of the Foot and Ankle (2018)

➤ Charcot neuroarthropathy (CN) is a systemic disease that generates pathological changes in the musculoskeletal system, causing fractures, dislocations, and deformities involving the foot and ankle. ➤ A common underlying cause of CN is diabetes mellitus; a substantial risk of ulceration and deep infection contributes to a 15% rate of major amputation (i.e., at the level of the ankle or higher). ➤ The goal of both nonsurgical and surgical treatment of CN is to obtain a stable, plantigrade foot free from ulcerations; an equally important goal is to manage the patient’s diabetes and obesity. ➤ The primary indications for surgery are recurrent ulceration, substantial deformity, deep infection, and pain; common complications include nonunion, wound breakdown, and infection. ➤ The principles of thorough joint preparation, deformity correction, and minimizing soft-tissue trauma are essential when arthrodesis is performed for CN, which requires more robust (internal and/or external) fixation and prolonged off-loading.
An improved P300-based brain-computer interface (2005)

A brain-computer interface (BCI) is a system for direct communication between brain and computer. The BCI developed in this work is based on a BCI described by Farwell and Donchin in 1988, which allows a subject to communicate one of 36 symbols presented on a 6 x 6 matrix. The system exploits the P300 component of event-related brain potentials (ERP) as a medium for communication. The processing methods distinguish this work from Donchin's work. In this work, independent component analysis (ICA) was used to separate the P300 source from the background noise. A matched filter was used together with averaging and threshold techniques for detecting the existence of P300s. The processing method was evaluated offline on data recorded from six healthy subjects. The method achieved a communication rate of 5.45 symbols/min with an accuracy of 92.1% compared to 4.8 symbols/min with an accuracy of 90% in Donchin's work. The online interface was tested with the same six subjects. The average communication rate achieved was 4.5 symbols/min with an accuracy of 79.5 % as apposed to the 4.8 symbols/min with an accuracy of 56 % in Donchin's work. The presented BCI achieves excellent performance compared to other existing BCIs, and allows a reasonable communication rate, while maintaining a low error rate.
Positioning Using Magnetic Fields (2020)

This chapter describes approaches for determining absolute position using magnetic field measurements for three different environments: indoors, for ground vehicles, and for aircraft. It provides some background in terms of the nature of Earth's magnetic field. The primary magnetic sources which can be measured in the vicinity of Earth are as follows: Earth's core field, Earth's crustal field, Space weather effects, and Man-made effects. Magnetic instruments fall into two major categories: scalar instruments and vector instruments. Magnetometer calibration techniques are quite different depending on the type of instrument used and the platform environment. The chapter focuses on determining absolute position by comparing the magnetometer output with a map of the magnetic field (as opposed to orientation-based uses of a magnetometer, which generally do not determine absolute position).
Abelson murine leukemia virus mutants with alterations in the virus-specific P120 molecule (1980)

Abelson murine leukemia virus (A-MuLV) is a replication-defective virus that transforms both fibroblasts and hematopoietic cells in vitro. The virus encodes a 120,000-molecular-weight protein (P120) that is composed of Moloney murine leukemia virus-derived gag gene sequences and A-MuLV--specific sequences. This protein is the only A-MuLV--encoded protein that has been detected, and thus P120 is a candidate for the transforming protein of A-MuLV. We now report isolation and characterization of three new A-MuLV isolates that do not synthesize P120 but do produce analogous proteins of larger (160,000 molecular weight) and smaller (100,000 and 90,000 molecular weight) size. All of these A-MuLV isolates transform fibroblasts and lymphoid cells in vitro. Because the different A-MuLV proteins vary in the A-MuLV--specific region of the molecule, these variants may set a maximum limit on the size of the A-MuLV transforming protein.
Embolization of cerebral arteriovenous malformations with silk: histopathologic changes and hemorrhagic complications. (1997)

Embolization of AVMs with silk does not result in marked inflammation or increased hemorrhagic complications as compared with other agents.
Análise do impacto das fusões e aquisições na criação de valor e no retorno das ações ordinárias dos principais bancos brasileiros de grande porte entre 2003 a 2013 (2015)

As fus
Dynamic Imaging of Molecular Assemblies in Live Cells Based on Nanoparticle Plasmon Resonance Coupling (2009)

We used molecular-specific gold nanoparticles to monitor epidermal growth factor receptors (EGFR) in live A431 cells over time. Dark-field hyperspectral imaging, electron microscopy, and electrodynamic modeling were used to correlate optical properties of EGFR-bound plasmonic nanoparticles with receptor regulation state. We showed that receptor trafficking resulted in a progressive red shift of greater than 100 nm in the nanoparticle plasmon resonance wavelength over a time period of 60 min. Furthermore, we demonstrated that changes in peak scattering wavelengths of gold nanoparticles from 546 +/- 15 to 574 +/- 20, and to 597 +/- 44 nm are associated with EGFR trafficking from the cell membrane, to early endosomes, and to late endosomes/multivesicular bodies, respectively. Finally, we used the changes in scattering spectra of EGFR-bound nanoparticles and a straightforward statistical analysis of RGB-channel color images of labeled cells to create near real-time maps of EGFR regulatory states in living cells.
Monitoring of lung edema using focused impedance spectroscopy: a feasibility study (2005)

Currently only ionizing or invasive methods are used in clinical applications for the monitoring of extracellular lung water. Alternatively a method called focused conductivity spectroscopy (FCS) is suggested, which aims at reconstructing a pulmonary edema index (PEIX) by measuring the electrical conductivity of the region of interest (ROI) at several frequencies. In contrast to electrical impedance tomography (EIT) a minimum number of strategically placed electrodes is used. The goals of this study were the analysis of the sensitivity for the PEIX, an estimate of the optimal electrode configuration and the determination of the required frequencies. In order to calculate the solution of the FCS forward problem a realistic 3D model of a human torso was developed containing both lungs, the heart, the liver and the thorax musculature. The bioelectrical properties for each compartment were described with appropriate tissue models which relate the conductivity spectra to physiological parameters. The PEIX was defined as the interstitial volume fraction of the alveolar septa. Furthermore the model includes 48 electrodes subdivided into three layers. The optimal electrode configuration was selected by minimizing the number of electrodes, among certain subsets of these electrodes. The analysis shows that eight to ten electrodes and six frequencies are theoretically sufficient to obtain a coefficient of variation.
Opposite Face Sensitivity of CeO2 in Hydrogenation and Oxidation Catalysis (2014)

The determination of structure-performance relationships of ceria in heterogeneous reactions is enabled by the control of the crystal shape and morphology. Whereas the (100) surface, predominantly exposed in nanocubes, is optimal for CO oxidation, the (111) surface, prevalent in conventional polyhedral CeO2 particles, dominates in C2H2 hydrogenation. This result is attributed to the different oxygen vacancy chemistry on these facets. In contrast to oxidations, hydrogenations on CeO2 are favored over low-vacancy surfaces owing to the key role of oxygen on the stabilization of reactive intermediates. The catalytic behavior after ageing at high temperature confirms the inverse face sensitivity of the two reaction families.
On Self-Aware Mixed-Signal Systems Based on S-Δ ADC (2012)

In this paper the authors discuss the issues related to the self-awareness of high-resolution, mixed-signal circuits and systems, based on S-? ADC, which is the most important and sensitive module and the key element for analogue to digital conversion. The basic methodology and framework for improving the self-awareness of such systems are presented. The methodology is based on efficient real-time measurements of a high-resolution, mixed-signal system using pseudo random signal source, real-time calculation of a distance between responses, the possibility to adapt measured circuit to minimize the distance, and changing the parameters of a reference system according to learning rules. The use of pseudo-random noise as a signal source leads to efficient and cost-effective measurements that run in parallel to the main signal processing. The calculation of the distance between the system and its reference are theoretically analysed and verified using Matlab model. The response of a system together with the response of high precision analogue to digital converter (ADC) is compared to the response of a bit-true model of a reference digital circuit. The differences are calculated using simple area-efficient cross-correlation algorithm. Together with adaptation strategy and tuning circuitry it forms the basis for self-awareness of mixed-signal circuits.
The Use of Proteomics to Study Infectious Diseases (2008)

Technology surrounding genomics, or the study of an organism's genome and its gene use, has advanced rapidly resulting in an abundance of readily available genomic data. Although genomics is extremely valuable, proteins are ultimately responsible for controlling most aspects of cellular function. The field of proteomics, or the study of the full array of proteins produced by an organism, has become the premier arena for the identification and characterization of proteins. Yet the task of characterizing a proteomic profile is more complex, in part because many unique proteins can be produced by the same gene product and because proteins have more diverse chemical structures making sequencing and identification more difficult. Proteomic profiles of a particular organism, tissue or cell are influenced by a variety of environmental stimuli, including those brought on by infectious disease. The intent of this review is to highlight applications of proteomics used in the study of pathogenesis, etiology and pathology of infectious disorders. While many infectious agents have been the target of proteomic studies, this review will focus on those infectious diseases which rank among the highest in worldwide mortalities, such as HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis, malaria, measles, and hepatitis.
&beta;-Adrenoceptor Subtypes in the Detrusor of Guinea-Pig Urinary Bladder (1992)

beta-Adrenoceptors have been demonstrated in the urinary bladders of many animals including the guinea pig. However, there is little information on the subtypes involved in the antispasmodic activity of beta-adrenoceptor activation in the guinea-pig detrusor. The present study uses the non-selective beta-agonist isoproterenol, the antagonist nadolol, the beta 2-selective agonists salbutamol and terbutaline, the antagonist ICI 118551, and the beta 1-selective antagonist metoprolol, to demonstrate functionally the subtypes existing in the guinea-pig detrusor. Isoproterenol dose-dependently reduces the myogenic activity in the guinea-pig detrusor induced by mild depolarization with 20 mM potassium in the tissue bath. At the supramaximal concentration of 30 microM, isoproterenol achieves 73 +/- 2% of the reference maximal response. This activity of isoproterenol is reduced to 9 +/- 5, 24 +/- 6 and 54 +/- 1% in the total blockade of beta, beta 1 and beta 2 with nadolol, metoprolol and ICI 118551, respectively. Consistently, salbutamol and terbutaline at the same concentration produce only 35 +/- 1 and 38 +/- 4% of the response, respectively. Thus, both beta 1- and beta 2-adrenoceptors are present in the detrusor of the guinea-pig urinary bladder. Although activation of either subtype results in antispasmodic action, the larger portion of the antispasmodic activity appears to be associated with the activation of the beta 1-subtype.
Deformation and Fracture Mechanics of Engineering Materials (1977)

DEFORMATION OF ENGINEERING MATERIALS. Tensile Response of Materials. Elements of Dislocation Theory. Slip and Twinning in Crystalline Solids. Strengthening Mechanisms in Metals. High-Temperature Deformation Response of Crystalline Solids. Deformation Response of Engineering Plastics. FRACTURE MECHANICS OF ENGINEERING MATERIALS. Fracture: An Overview. Elements of Fracture Mechanics. Transition Temperature Approach to Fracture Control. Microstructural Aspects of Fracture Toughness. Environment-Assisted Cracking. Cyclic Stress and Strain Fatigue. Fatigue Crack Propagation. Analyses of Engineering Failures. Appendices. Indexes.