gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Differentiated Bone Cells Proliferation by Blue Shark Skin Collagen via Biochemical for Bone Tissue Engineering (2018)

Collagen from a marine resource is believed to have more potential activity in bone tissue engineering and their bioactivity depends on biochemical and structural properties. Considering the above concept, pepsin soluble collagen (PSC) and acid soluble collagen (ASC) from blue shark (<i>Prionace glauca</i>) skin were extracted and its biochemical and osteogenic properties were investigated. The hydroxyproline content was higher in PSC than ASC and the purified collagens contained three distinct bands α₁, α<sub>2,</sub> and β dimer. The purity of collagen was confirmed by the RP-HPLC profile and the thermogravimetric data showed a two-step thermal degradation pattern. ASC had a sharp decline in viscosity at 20⁻30 °C. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images revealed the fibrillar network structure of collagens. Proliferation rates of the differentiated mouse bone marrow-mesenchymal stem (dMBMS) and differentiated osteoblastic (dMC3T3E1) cells were increased in collagen treated groups rather than the controls and the effect was dose-dependent, which was further supported by higher osteogenic protein and mRNA expression in collagen treated bone cells. Among two collagens, PSC had significantly increased dMBMS cell proliferation and this was materialized through increasing RUNX2 and collagen-I expression in bone cells. Accordingly, the collagens from blue shark skin with excellent biochemical and osteogenic properties could be a suitable biomaterial for therapeutic application.
A Comprehensive Survey of Pilot Contamination in Massive MIMO—5G System (2015)

Massive MIMO has been recognized as a promising technology to meet the demand for higher data capacity for mobile networks in 2020 and beyond. Although promising, each base station needs accurate estimation of the channel state information (CSI), either through feedback or channel reciprocity schemes in order to achieve the benefits of massive MIMO in practice. Time division duplex (TDD) has been suggested as a better mode to acquire timely CSI in massive MIMO systems. The use of non-orthogonal pilot schemes, proposed for channel estimation in multi-cell TDD networks, is considered as a major source of pilot contamination in the literature due to the limitations of coherence time. Given the importance of pilot contamination in massive MIMO systems, we provide an extensive survey on pilot contamination, and identify other possible sources of pilot contamination, which include hardware impairment and non-reciprocal transceivers. We review established theories that have analyzed the effect of pilot contamination on the performance of massive MIMO systems, particularly on achievable rates. Next, we categorize the different proposed mitigation techniques for pilot contamination using the following taxonomy: pilot-based approach and subspace-based approach. Finally, we highlight the open issues, such as training overhead, deployment scenario, computational complexity, use of channel reciprocity, and conclude with broader perspective and a look at future trends in pilot contamination in massive MIMO systems.
On exploring aggregate effect for efficient cache replacement in transcoding proxies (2003)

Recent technology advances in mobile networking have ushered in a new era of personal communication. Users can ubiquitously access the Internet via many emerging mobile appliances, such as portable notebooks, personal digital assistants (PDAs), and WAP-enabled cellular phones. While the transcoding proxy is attracting an increasing amount of attention in this environment, it is noted that new caching strategies are required for these transcoding proxies. We propose an efficient cache replacement algorithm for transcoding proxies. Specifically, we formulate a generalized profit function to evaluate the profit from caching each version of an object. This generalized profit function explicitly considers several new emerging factors in the transcoding proxy and the aggregate effect of caching multiple versions of the same object. It is noted that the aggregate effect is not simply the sum of the costs of caching individual versions of an object, but rather, depends on the transcoding relationship among these versions. The notion of a weighted transcoding graph is devised to evaluate the corresponding aggregate effect efficiently. Utilizing the generalized profit function and the weighted transcoding graph, we propose, in this paper, an innovative cache replacement algorithm for transcoding proxies. In addition, an effective data structure is designed to facilitate the management of the multiple versions of different objects cached in the transcoding proxy. Using an event-driven simulation, it is shown that the algorithm proposed consistently outperforms companion schemes in terms of the delay saving ratios and cache hit ratios.
The Ontology of Metrics for Security Evaluation and Decision Support in SIEM Systems (2013)

Analysis of computer network security is a serious challenge. Many security metrics has been proposed for this purpose, but their effective use for rapid and reliable security evaluation and generation of countermeasures in SIEM systems remains an important problem. The use of ontologies for security information representation in SIEM systems contributes largely to the success of this task. However, most of works on ontological security data representation does not take into account the ontologies of security metrics. This paper proposes a new approach on using security metrics which is based on their ontological representation and serves for comprehensive security evaluation and subsequent countermeasure generation. The novelty of the proposed approach is that ontology of security metrics is viewed as a core component of a countermeasure decision support system. The proposed solutions are tested on a specific example.
Computer-assisted femoral head resurfacing (2005)

Femoral head resurfacing is re-emerging as a surgical option for younger patients who are not yet candidates for total hip replacement. However, this procedure is more difficult than total hip replacement, and the mechanical jigs typically used to align the implant produce significant variability in implant placement and take a significant amount of time to position properly. We propose that a computer-assisted surgical (CAS) technique could reduce implant variability with little or no increase in operative time. We describe a new CAS technique for this procedure and demonstrate in a cadaver study of five paired femurs that the CAS technique in the hands of a novice surgeon markedly reduced the varus/valgus variability of the implant relative to the pre-operative plan (2 degrees standard deviation for CAS versus 5 degrees for a mechanical jig operated by an expert surgeon). We also show that the mechanical jig resulted in significantly retroverted implant placement. There was no significant difference in operative time between the two techniques.
Neural network assisted ultra-tightly coupled GPS/INS integration for seamless navigation (2012)

In GPS/INS integration, the ultra-tightly coupled approach involves the integration of I (in-phase) and Q (quadrature) components from the correlator of a GPS receiver with the INS data. The principal advantages of the Ultra Tightly Couple (UTC) structure is that a Doppler frequency derived from the INS is integrated with the tracking loops to improve the receiver tracking capability. The Doppler frequency shift is calculated and fed to the GPS tracking loops for elimination of the effect of stochastic errors caused by the Doppler frequency. The navigation information from INS can be converted into the Doppler information, which can be integrated with the GPS tracking loops to mitigate the Doppler on the GPS signal, resulting in the threshold improvement, thereby improving the overall system performance. An algorithm for bridging GPS outages using the radial basis function neural network (RBFNN) and Adaptive Network-Based Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) for providing better prediction of Doppler residual between GPS and prediction in order to maintain regular operation of the navigation system. The results demonstrate that the UTC with the assist of neural network can effectively improve the system robustness during GPS outages.
Shear Sonic Interpretation in Gas-Bearing Sands (1995)

Abstract The introduction, a few years ago, of shear dipole sonic logs gave the industry the possibility to record high-quality shear and compressional slownesses in soft formations. Data sets were acquired and analyzed on Vp/Vs versus Δtc crossplots. Trends were identified in sands and shales and were matched with semi-empirical correlations based on the Gassmann formalism. These trends can be used to quality control shear logs and for quicklook lithology interpretation. The presence of gas in soft formations makes the interpretation more complicated as it can affect the sonic slownesses significantly, in particular the compressional. On the Vp/Vs crossplot, gas-bearing formations clearly differentiate from liquid filled formations. However, quantitative interpretation of the gas effect with the Gassmann equation gives deceptive results, although this model is successfully used in geophysics interpretation at a lower frequency. We indicate that the Gassmann model itself is not at fault. The responsibility is with the pore fluids mixture law used to compute the average fluid properties. We therefore propose a new empirical mixture law that better fits laboratory measurements and field observations. Using this revised model realistic gas trends can be identified on the Vp/Vs crossplot. The model can be solved to evaluate gas volume from compressional and shear slownesses. Additionally, the effect of shaliness can be accounted for. The results agree well, in most instances, with flushed-zone saturation obtained from resistivity measurements and provide another opinion on gas volume. An additional product of the interpretation is to provide reliable values of dry-frame dynamic elastic constants of the rock for possible subsequent use in a rock mechanics evaluation.
The performance of a real time LAN architecture for sensor fusion applications (2003)

A description is given of the key characteristics of a local area network (LAN) architecture, Instanet, which retains these merits but provides the added features of rapid real-time response to allow direct coupling of sensor-based modules to the network. Instanet uses a distributed interrupt facility to provide high levels of service to time-critical traffic without imposing restrictions on flow control and/or packet length for nontime-critical traffic. The Instanet architecture and its implementation is based on the IEEE 802.5 token ring standard. A detailed analytic model of Instanet's performance is presented. It is a generalization of the well-known walking server model (for token-passing networks) which takes into account provisions for priority handling. The analysis is backed up by simulation results which show performance of the network at various levels of real-time and nonreal-time traffic.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Nanosize metallodendrimers (1998)

Abstract Building blocks have been designed for the non‐covalent formation of nanosize assemblies. As non‐covalent interactions coordination chemistry and hydrogen bonding have been used. The self‐assembly process leads to spherical assemblies with diameters in the range of 100 to 400 nm, with standard deviations in the order of 10–15%. The controlled assembly approach allows a precise controll of size and assemblies with molecular weights up to 10,000 Dalton have been realized. Finally, we have developed a strategy in which hydrogen bonding and coordination chemistry can be applied “orthogonally”
Enabling Genomic-Phenomic Association Discovery without Sacrificing Anonymity (2013)

Health information technologies facilitate the collection of massive quantities of patient-level data. A growing body of research demonstrates that such information can support novel, large-scale biomedical investigations at a fraction of the cost of traditional prospective studies. While healthcare organizations are being encouraged to share these data in a de-identified form, there is hesitation over concerns that it will allow corresponding patients to be re-identified. Currently proposed technologies to anonymize clinical data may make unrealistic assumptions with respect to the capabilities of a recipient to ascertain a patients identity. We show that more pragmatic assumptions enable the design of anonymization algorithms that permit the dissemination of detailed clinical profiles with provable guarantees of protection. We demonstrate this strategy with a dataset of over one million medical records and show that 192 genotype-phenotype associations can be discovered with fidelity equivalent to non-anonymized clinical data.
Manipulating light on chip (2005)

In order to control the flow of light, photonic structures like modulators and switches need to be developed in silicon where a change in refractive index induces a change in the transmission properties of the device. This paper presents Si photonics, electro-optical devices, and monolithic integration of optics and microelectronics for light manipulation purposes.
Relationship Between Clearance of Intravenous Calcineurin Inhibitors and Area Under the Concentration-Time Curve Decreases During the Switch From Continuous Intravenous Infusion to Oral Administration After Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation (2011)

Oral doses of cyclosporine (CSP) and tacrolimus (TAC) are conventionally set by multiplying the doses for continuous intravenous infusion by 2 and 4 respectively. It is ideal for the area under the concentration-time curve (AUC) during oral administration (AUCpo) to be equal to the AUC during intravenous infusion (AUCiv). In daily clinical settings, however, we often encounter cases in which changes in blood concentrations of these drugs deviate from expected values. To assess the appropriateness of conversion ratios of 1:2 for CSP and 1:4 for TAC during the switch from continuous intravenous infusion to oral administration by estimating rates of variability in AUC, and to investigate factors affecting these AUC changes. We studied patients receiving CSP or TAC who underwent hematopoietic stem cell transplantation between April 2004 and March 2007. There were 37 patients in the CSP, and 69 in the TAC group. First, the AUCpo/AUCiv ratio was calculated. The AUCpo was estimated from trough concentrations using a method described by Nakamura et al (Transplant Proc 2005; 37: 1725). Next, the patients in each group were divided into 3 subgroups based on AUCpo/AUCiv ratios: ≤ 4/5; > 4/5 and < 4/3; ≥ 4/3, and then factors associated with AUC changes were investigated. The median value (interquartile range) of AUCpo/AUCiv in the CSP group was 1.10 (0.79-1.39) while that in the TAC group was 0.82 (0.61-1.05). Patients who reached optimal AUCpo/AUCiv (> 4/5 and < 4/3) were 43% in the CSP group and 38% in theTAC group. In the CSP group, comparisons among the 3 subgroups revealed significant differences in clearance of intravenous CSP (CLCSP) (P = 0.019). Multivariate analysis showed that CLCSP ≥ 0.20 L/hr/kg was independently associated with AUC decreases (P = 0.027, odds ratio = 7.77). Similarly, in the TAC group, CL of intravenous TAC (CLTAC) differed significantly among the 3 subgroups (P = 0.006). Multivariate analysis in the TAC group also showed that CLTAC ≥ 0.043 L/hr/kg was independently associated with AUC decreases (P = 0.005, odds ratio = 4.77). The conversion ratios of 1:2 for CSP and 1:4 for TAC seemed not to be always appropriate, especially 1:4 for TAC may lead to insufficient oral doses. Intravenous CL values were related to AUC decreases after conversion in both CSP and TAC groups and may serve as a useful indicator for detection of cases requiring high conversion ratios.
Long-Reach Optical Access Technologies (2007)

The search for a cost-effective optical access solution has yielded a number of possible solutions. This article seeks to summarize the economic arguments behind long-reach access and examines a number of leading long-reach optical access technologies.
ZNF367 Inhibits Cancer Progression and Is Targeted by miR-195 (2014)

Our findings taken together suggest that ZNF367 regulates cancer progression.
Interactive Question Answering (2012)

The increasing amount of information available online has led to the development of technologies that help to deal with it. One of them is Interactive Question Answering (IQA), a research field that has emerged at the intersection of question answering and dialogue systems, and which allows users to find the answers to questions in an interactive way. During the answering process, the automatic system can initiate a dialogue with the user in order to clarify missing or ambiguous information, or suggest further topics for discussion. This chapter presents the state-of-the-art in the field of interactive question answering. Given that IQA inherits a lot of features from dialogue systems and question answering, these fields are also briefly presented. Analysis of the existing systems reveals that in general IQA systems rely on a scaled-down version of a dialogue system, sometimes built on top of question answering systems. Evaluation of IQA is also discussed, showing that it combines evaluation techniques from question answering and dialogue systems.
Low temperature and temperature decline increase acute aortic dissection risk and burden: A nationwide case crossover analysis at hourly level among 40,270 patients (2022)

This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (92043301 and 92143301), Shanghai International Science and Technology Partnership Project (No. 21230780200), the Medical Research Council-UK (MR/R013349/1), and the Natural Environment Research Council UK (NE/R009384/1).
Role of Oxidative Stress in Development of Cardiovascular Complications in Diabetes Mellitus (2006)

Diabetes represents a serious risk factor for the development of cardiovascular problems such as coronary heart disease, peripheral arterial disease, hypertension, stroke, cardiomyopathy, nephropathy and retinopathy. Identifying the pathogenesis of this increased risk provides a basis for secondary intervention to reduce morbidity and mortality in diabetic patients. Hyperglycemia and protein glycation, increased inflammation, a prothrombotic state and endothelial dysfunction have all been implicated as possible mechanisms for such complications. A linking element between many of these phenomena could possibly be, among other factors, increased production of reactive oxygen species. Vascular endothelial cells have several physiological actions that are essential for the normal function of the cardiovascular system. These include the production of nitric oxide (NO), which regulates vasodilatation, anticoagulation, leukocyte adhesion, smooth muscle proliferation and the antioxidative capacity of endothelial cells. However, under conditions of hyperglycemia, excessive amounts of superoxide radicals are produced inside vascular cells and this can interfere with NO production leading to the possible complications. This article aims at reviewing the links between reactive oxygen species, diabetes and vascular disease and whether or not antioxidants can alter the course of vascular complications in diabetic patients and animal models. A possible beneficial effect of antioxidants might present a new addition to the range of secondary preventive measures used in diabetic patients.
Color Center Mockup Development and Testing (2001)

Abstract : This report results from a contract tasking General Physics Institute as follows: The contractor will develop and test a narrow linewidth (^5OO MHz), tunable (1080 to 1350 nm) color center laser based on LiF and NaF crystals with a goal of being 10 to 20% efficient when pumped with a Nd:YAG or Nd:LaF3 laser.
Extraction of Glycolic Acid from Aqueous Solutions by Trioctyl Methylammonium Chloride and Organic Solvents (2005)

The purpose of this study is to investigate the partitioning of glycolic acid from aqueous solutions by trioctyl methylammonium chloride, also known as Aliquat 336. Extraction equilibria of glycolic acid in the solution of trioctyl methylammonium chloride in mixtures of three individual diluting solvents and two solvent mixtures at a temperature of 298.15 K have been measured. The effect of initial acid concentration on the partitioning has been investigated. The solvents were propanol, cyclohexane, isooctane, butanol, toluene, methyl isobutyl ketone, and ethyl acetate. The distribution coefficients, D, loading factors, Z, and extraction efficiencies, E, are derived. The maximum removal of glycolic acid is 49% with propanol with a 1.76 mol·L-1 initial concentration of trioctyl methylammonium chloride.
Service differentiation in wireless LANs based on capture (2005)

We investigate the effects of using a dual transmission power scheme for quality-of-service (QoS) differentiation in IEEE 802.11 wireless LANs. By setting hosts to transmit at different power levels, we enhance the likelihood that a high-power frame gets received correctly when a collision involving frames from both power levels occurs due to the capture effect. We develop a Markov model for the IEEE 802.11 DCF in a dual transmission power system over a Rayleigh-fading channel, and use it to evaluate the resulting performance, in terms of the key metrics of throughput and delay. Specifically, we study how the performance of the service classes depends on the proportion of hosts from each service class and the transmission power ratio, and demonstrate that, counter-intuitively, this dependence may be non-monotonic
A Method for Estimating the Probability of Extremely Rare Accidents in\n Complex Systems (2018)

Estimating the probability of failures or accidents with aerospace systems is\noften necessary when new concepts or designs are introduced, as it is being\ndone for Autonomous Aircraft. If the design is safe, as it is supposed to be,\naccident cases are hard to find. Such analysis needs some variance reduction\ntechnique and several algorithms exist for that, however specific model\nfeatures may cause difficulties in practice, such as the case of system models\nwhere independent agents have to autonomously accomplish missions within finite\ntime, and likely with the presence of human agents. For handling these\nscenarios, this paper presents a novel estimation approach, based on the\ncombination of the well-established variation reduction technique of\nInteracting Particles System (IPS) with the long-standing optimization\nalgorithm denominated DIviding RECTangles (DIRECT). When combined, these two\ntechniques yield statistically significant results for extremely low\nprobabilities. In addition, this novel approach allows the identification of\nintermediate events and simplifies the evaluation of sensitivity of the\nestimated probabilities to certain system parameters.\n
Poster Abstract: Iterative Trajectory Optimization for Dual-UAV Secure Communications (2020)

Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) have been widely applied in the field of wireless communication. However, due to the inherent broadcasting characteristics of wireless media, the realization of ground to UAV communication still faces many challenges when there are eavesdroppers on the ground. We consider a new scenario where a jammer UAV tends to interfere with the eavesdroppers to guarantee secrecy performance. Then, the flight trajectory of UAV is optimized to obtain the maximized average secrecy rate. The optimization problem we proposed is non-convex and it's very complicated. To solve this problem, we optimize the increment of UAV trajectory iteration and the non-convex optimization problem is decomposed into the convex problem of each iteration. The feasibility of this method is verified by numerical simulation.