gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Enrichment of Phosphoproteins for Proteomic Analysis Using Immobilized Fe(III)-Affinity Adsorption Chromatography (2005)

We described an efficient protocol to strongly enrich phosphoproteins from mixtures of total cellular proteins using homemade, recyclable Fe(III)-affinity columns. An integral feature of the method is the use of a detergent cocktail that allows use of different pHs for total protein extraction (pH 6.8) and for subsequent affinity capture of phosphoproteins (pH 3.4). Affinity captured proteins from rat fibroblasts were fractionated on 2D gels and random selection was identified by mass spectrometry. More than 85% of identified proteins were previously known to be phosphorylated. The specificity of the method was further validated by isolating proteins from (32)P labeled cells. Our comparison of the clusters of acidic residues in the captured proteins with acidic clusters in proteins of the rat genome indicates that affinity for phosphate groups dominates over adsorption of proteins with acidic clusters.
Cloning of murine gp91phox cDNA and functional expression in a human X- linked chronic granulomatous disease cell line (1996)

The phagocyte cytochrome b558, a heterodimer comprised of gp91phox and p22phox, is a flavocytochrome that mediates the transfer of electrons from NADPH to molecular oxygen in the respiratory burst oxidase. The human gene encoding the glycosylated gp91phox subunit is the site of mutations in X-linked chronic granulomatous disease (CGD). Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction was used to obtain a full- length clone for the murine gp91phox cDNA, which was 87% identical to the human gp91phox cDNA. The encoded murine protein had 39 amino acids out of 570 that differed from the human, many of which were conservative substitutions. Nonconservative replacements occurred in hydrophilic regions outside of domains previously implicated in binding to NADPH, flavin, and the cytosolic oxidase subunit p47phox. Some substitutions altered potential N-glycosylation sites, which is likely to explain why the glycosylated murine protein migrates with an apparent molecular mass of 58 kD instead of 91 kD as seen for the human protein. Expression of murine gp91phox in a human myeloid cell line with a null gp91phox allele using a mammalian expression plasmid or a retroviral vector rescued stable expression of the p22phox subunit and fully reconstituted respiratory burst activity. This suggests that the murine gp91phox subunit forms a functional cytochrome b558 heterodimer with human oxidase subunits, consistent with the high degree of identity between the mouse and human proteins in domains implicated in cytochrome function.
Vascular Effects of Ultrafine Particles in Persons with Type 2 Diabetes (2010)

Inhalation of elemental carbon UFP for 2-hr transiently activated platelets, and possibly the vascular endothelium, in people with type 2 diabetes.
Resonance forever: existence of a critical mass and an infinite regime of resonance in vortex-induced vibration (2002)

In this paper, we study the transverse vortex-induced vibrations of a cylinder with no structural restoring force ( k = 0). In terms of the conventionally used normalized flow velocity, U *, the present experiments correspond to an infinite value (where U * = U / f N D , f N = natural frequency, D = diameter). A reduction of mass ratios m * (mass/displaced mass) from the classically studied values of order m * = 100, down to m * = 1, yields negligible oscillations. However, a further reduction in mass exhibits a surprising result: large-amplitude vigorous vibrations suddenly appear for values of mass less than a critical mass ratio, m * crit = 0.54. The classical assumption, since the work of den Hartog (1934), has been that resonant large-amplitude oscillations exist only over a narrow range of velocities, around U *∼5, where the vortex shedding frequency is comparable with the natural frequency. However, in the present study, we demonstrate that, so long as the body’s mass is below this critical value, the regime of normalized velocities ( U *) for resonant oscillations is infinitely wide, beginning at around U *∼5 and extending to U *→∞. This result is in precise accordance with the predictions put forward by Govardhan &amp; Williamson (2000), based on elastically mounted vibration studies (where k &gt; 0). We deduce a condition under which this unusual concept of an infinitely wide regime of resonance will occur in any generic vortex-induced vibration system.
Synthesis of FeSb2 Nanorods and Nanoparticles by Solvothermal Synthesis Routes (Briefing Charts) (2010)

Abstract : FeSb2 has recently been considered as a novel thermoelectric material due to a Seebeck coefficient of ~-45000 microVK-1 and a thermoelectric power factor of ~2300 microWK-2/cm at low temperatures. However, its thermoelectric potential is limited by a high thermal conductivity. To lower the thermal conductivity, both nanorods and nanoparticles of FeSb2 were synthesized. Nanorods were synthesized following a previously published solvothermal synthesis in ethanol. Nanoparticles were synthesized using a novel sodium naphthalenide reduction in triglyme at ambient pressure. XRD was used to characterize both materials.
Cyclin B1-Cdk1 facilitates MAD1 release from the nuclear pore to ensure a robust spindle checkpoint (2020)

How the cell rapidly and completely reorganizes its architecture when it divides is a problem that has fascinated researchers for almost 150 yr. We now know that the core regulatory machinery is highly conserved in eukaryotes, but how these multiple protein kinases, protein phosphatases, and ubiquitin ligases are coordinated in space and time to remodel the cell in a matter of minutes remains a major question. Cyclin B1-Cdk is the primary kinase that drives mitotic remodeling; here we show that it is targeted to the nuclear pore complex (NPC) by binding an acidic face of the kinetochore checkpoint protein, MAD1, where it coordinates NPC disassembly with kinetochore assembly. Localized cyclin B1-Cdk1 is needed for the proper release of MAD1 from the embrace of TPR at the nuclear pore so that it can be recruited to kinetochores before nuclear envelope breakdown to maintain genomic stability.
Determination of Borehole Quality, Diameter and BHA Directional Response: Eccentric Tool Test Program for Expandable Casing Application North Sea (2001)

A detailed test program was performed with an eccentric tool at the Baker Hughes Experimental Test Area (BETA) field research facility to evaluate the feasibility of its use in an Expandable Tubular Technology application in the North Sea. The testing used a 9–7/8
Raman Dispersion and Intermolecular Interactions in Unsubstituted Thiophene Oligomers (2007)

We present a critical analysis of the Raman spectra of unsubstituted oligothiophenes and rediscuss the well-known Raman dispersion of conjugated systems explicitly considering intermolecular interactions. Temperature-dependent Raman spectra and DFT calculations for dimers of different chain lengths show that the effect of intermolecular interactions on the frequency and intensity of carbon-carbon (CC) stretching modes is non-negligible. This effect has not been considered in previous works and might explain many spectral features of this class of compounds which are not completely interpreted by the usual models. Both intensities and frequencies are significantly affected by intermolecular interactions showing that molecular self-organization should be taken into account in future spectroscopic studies of conjugated molecules. In particular, the interactions among molecules cause an upward shift of the frequency of the R mode (amplitude mode) which can explain the lack of frequency dispersion with conjugation length of oligothiophenes, as experimentally observed for solid-state samples at room temperature.
Sunplicity: from complex system design to standard product level (2002)

In 1989 Alpha Real launched the project Megawatt to promote and demonstrate that standardised PV power systems in the kW-range are cost effective in comparison to large scale installations. Project Megawatt was a huge success and the project concept was adopted by many others around the world. Within this system, standard new components had been developed and tested, such as an arc detector to improve safety against fire, roof tile for integration in dwellings and flat roof support for integration in commercial buildings. Exactly five years later, the project Gigawatt was launched by Alpha Real to promote and demonstrate that small independent 200 W AC modules will be cost effective compared with DC wired PV power systems. Several developments were made to achieve a unique product. Some of the inventions were a new hot spot detector and control device, and the low cost DC-to-AC power converter "edisun". Three different types of PV products were developed and called accordingly Gigalino Handy, Gigalino Top and Gigalino Max.
Reaction of Halide Ion with 2-(Phenylthio)ethyl Halides in Acetone (1995)

2-(Phenylthio)ethyl chloride specifically deuterated α to the sulfur atom (i.e. 2-Cl) was employed to study the mechanism of displacement of chloride ion by iodide ion in dry acetone solution. Experimental evidence including rate studies has been accumulated that allows the conclusion to be drawn that iodide ion displaces chloride ion from 2-Cl by a classical SN2 mechanism to give 2-I. Under the reaction conditions, however, 2-I is reactive toward anchimerically-assisted ionization which leads to product with the deuterium label scrambled. Reaction of 2-Cl with bromide ion follows a similar course. Our displacement reactions of halide ions by halide ions showed the expected nucleophilicity order of Cl- > Br- > I- and the normal leaving group order of I- > Br- > Cl-. An interesting counterion effect was noted with iodides displacing chloride ion. While potassium iodide in acetone converted 2-Cl to the mixture of iodides 2-I and 3-I, tetrabutylammonium iodide caused conversion but the products reverted completely back to the label-scrambled chlorides. The difference in these results is probably because of differences in the thermodynamics of the two systems.
Dictionary-based Word Segmentation for Javanese (2016)

Word segmentation is the first step to process language that written in non-Latin letters such as such as Javanese script. In this study, we report our work on word segmentation based on dictionary approach. In the first phase, we generate all possible segmented word series using a word dictionary. The correct word is selected based on the last character in a word, the last two characters in a word, the difference of two consecutive words, and the frequency of the word in the additional corpus. The experimental results show that identifying words using the frequency of words in the additional corpus yield the best accuracy that is 91.08%.
Applications of Fe–Mn–Si alloy for pipe joints (1994)

It is well known that Fe-Mn-Si alloy exhibits shape memory effect, when stress induced martensites disappeared above As temperature. Its one-way shape memory behavior is applied for pipe joints. From a practical application viewpoint, the process of pipe forming which includes welding of plates is introduced with the recovery strain measured for the welded shape memory alloy. The sealing resin and Ni plating are necessary to protect from a leak of gas or water and from corrosion, respectively. To increase torsion, the screwed-type joint of shape memory alloy is developed. The installed joint for hot/cold water service has been working over three years without any trouble.
The role of pulsed light and heat energy (LHETM) in acne clearance (2004)

ClearTouch pulsed light and heat energy (LHE) technology is effective and safe for the treatment of acne vulgaris.
Resistant respiratory pathogens and extended-spectrum antibiotics. (1995)

Traditional antibiotics such as amoxicillin, tetracycline and erythromycin remain the drugs of first choice for most bacterial respiratory infections. However, the usefulness of these agents varies, depending on local bacterial resistance patterns and patient factors. In the United States, amoxicillin and penicillin resistance currently occurs in 20 to 30 percent of Streptococcus pneumoniae strains, 30 to 40 percent of Haemophilus influenzae strains and 70 to 90 percent of Moraxella catarrhalis strains. For infections with these pathogens, selective use of the newer extended-spectrum oral antibiotics may be indicated. Cefuroxime axetil (a second-generation cephalosporin), cefpodoxime (a third-generation cephalosporin), amoxicillin-clavulanate (a beta-lactamase inhibitor combination agent) and clarithromycin or azithromycin (extended-spectrum macrolides) are all relatively effective against organisms that are commonly resistant to penicillin and amoxicillin.
The Role of Glycosylation in Receptor Signaling (2012)

Glycosylation is an important and highly regulated mechanism of secondary protein processing within cells. It plays a critical role in determining protein structure, function and stability. Structurally, glycosylation is known to affect the three dimensional configuration of proteins. This is of particular importance when considering protein-protein interactions such as those that occur between protein ligands and their cognate receptors or in the creation of other large macromolecular complexes. Many secreted proteins, such as hormones or cytokines, are glycosylated and this has been shown to impact in determining their activity when bound to receptors. Changes in these complexes result in alterations in how they recruit, interact and activate signaling proteins (e.g. G proteins). Additionally, signaling proteins are also glycosylated and this has distinct effects on their function. Ultimately, these effects help determine which signaling pathways are activated within the cell (Figure 1). Thus, glycosylation plays a key role in determining the cellular response to exogenous factors. This chapter will provide an overview of how glycosylation of ligands, their receptors, and signaling proteins affects signal transduction in mammalian cells by discussing specific examples of how receptor signaling is regulated by glycosylation.
The Use of Montage Bone Putty in Assisting in the Maintenance of Reduction in Comminuted Distal Radius Fractures (2023)

<b>Background</b> The distal radius fracture is the most common fracture in the United States. Achieving stable reduction and fixation of complex fracture patterns can be challenging. In order to help maintain reduction of comminuted fracture to simplify plating, the calcium phosphate-based bone putty Montage has been developed. <b>Questions/Purposes</b> Does Montage assist in achieving stable reduction and fixation of complex distal radius fractures with an acceptable complication profile? <b>Patient and Methods</b> We retrospectively analyzed all patients who were treated intraoperatively with Montage bone putty along with volar plate fixation at a large-volume urban county hospital. Preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative measurements of radiographic features were recorded at 2 and 6 months, as were any complications. Statistical analysis was then performed on these values. <b>Results</b> Preoperative and postoperative radiographs demonstrated significant improvement in standard distal radius fracture measurements, reflecting adequate reduction with the use of Montage intraoperatively. Critically, radiographs demonstrated maintenance of reduction compared to intraoperative fluoroscopy images at 2 months, showing short-term stability of the use of Montage in these fracture patterns as well as long-term stability at 6 months in a subset of patients. There were no major complications in this study. <b>Conclusion</b> In this study, we demonstrate the utility of Montage bone putty for complex distal radius fractures with short-term follow-up and limited long-term follow-up. This initial study underlines its efficacy in maintaining reduction without major complications. <b>Level of Evidence</b> IV, Therapeutic.
Harnessing Anionic Rearrangements on the Benzenoid Ring of Quinoline for the Synthesis of 6,6‘-Disubstituted 7,7‘-Dihydroxy-8,8‘-biquinolyls (2004)

7,7'-Bis(((dimethylamino)carbonyl)oxy)-8,8'-biquinolyl (5) was prepared in 71% yield by regioselective directed ortho metalation (DoM) of N,N-dimethyl O-quinol-7-yl carbamate (2) with LDA followed by oxidation with anhydrous ferric chloride. DoM of 5 with excess LDA induced double anionic ortho-Fries rearrangement and gave 6,6'-bis((dimethylamino)carbonyl)-7,7'-dihydroxy-8,8'-biquinolyl (8). Treatment of N,N-diethyl O-(8-iodoquinol-7-yl) carbamate (16) with LDA in THF solvent at -78 degrees C, followed by addition of anhydrous ferric chloride, resulted in an efficient tandem halogen-dance dimerization process which afforded 7,7'-bis(((diethylamino)carbonyl)oxy)-6,6'-diiodo-8,8'-biquinolyl (17) directly in 54% yield.
A high speed MEMS scanner for 140-kHz SS-OCT (2011)

We present an electrostatic vertical comb-drive MEMS optical scanner with the angle magnifier mechanism developed for a 140-kHz wavelength tunable-laser in the swept-source OCT system of a 2 ms/frame visualization capability.
Mass Transport Phenomena in Superhydrophobic Surfaces (2004)

We present results of a droplet placed on a controlled super-hydrophobic surface cooled underneath by a thermal electrical cooler to demonstrate quick change in contact angles from the Cassie composite contact state to the Wenzel wetting contact state. The measured contact angles are compared with the theoretical predictions of Cassie’s and Wenzel’s equations and found to be consistent. The actual details of the transition phenomena are observed under a microscope through a specially designed one-dimensional micro-channel with concaved structures at the two sidewalls. It is found that the temperature gradient enhanced mass transfer can cause a rapid condensation in the air-filled cavities, which is believed to be the possible mechanism to trigger the energy state transition and explain instabilities of super-hydrophobic surfaces at the Cassie state. The phenomenon of mass transport into micro and nanocavities is important in understanding the nature of nano-structured super-hydrophobic surfaces.
The Life History of 21 Breast Cancers (2012)

Cancer evolves dynamically as clonal expansions supersede one another driven by shifting selective pressures, mutational processes, and disrupted cancer genes. These processes mark the genome, such that a cancer's life history is encrypted in the somatic mutations present. We developed algorithms to decipher this narrative and applied them to 21 breast cancers. Mutational processes evolve across a cancer's lifespan, with many emerging late but contributing extensive genetic variation. Subclonal diversification is prominent, and most mutations are found in just a fraction of tumor cells. Every tumor has a dominant subclonal lineage, representing more than 50% of tumor cells. Minimal expansion of these subclones occurs until many hundreds to thousands of mutations have accumulated, implying the existence of long-lived, quiescent cell lineages capable of substantial proliferation upon acquisition of enabling genomic changes. Expansion of the dominant subclone to an appreciable mass may therefore represent the final rate-limiting step in a breast cancer's development, triggering diagnosis.
Interaction of super intense laser pulses with thin foil: Dopler transformation of coherent light into X-ray and gamma-ray bands (2001)

The formation of relativistic electron mirror produced via ionization of thin solid target by ultraintense femtosecond laser pulse is considered with the help of computer simulations. It is shown that the reflection of weak counter-propagating wave from such a mirror can produce the coherent radiation in X-ray and gamma-ray bands. The spectrum of up-conversed radiation is investigated.
Fall Cutting of Alfalfa in the North Central USA1 (1985)

Abstract The North Central (NC) and Northeast (NE) states produce almost two‐thirds of the alfalfa ( Medicago sativa L.) in the USA. Three cuttings by early September is the most popular management system. A third cutting in mid‐September to early October has been considered deleterious to subsequent yield and persistence compared with cutting in late August or early September. Our objective was to determine the effects of the final cutting date on subsequent yields and persistence of fertilized and unfertilized hardy and moderately hardy cultivars in a three‐cut system in southern Michigan. Hardy (‘Vernal’ and ‘Cayuga’) and moderately hardy (‘DuPuits’, ‘Saranac’, and ‘Honeoye’) alfalfa cultivars were used in four separate experiments on well‐drained Conover loam (fine‐loamy, mixed mesic Udollic Ochraqualfs). Third cuttings made on 15 September or 1 or 15 October for three consecutive years did not reduce the subsequent year's yield or persistence compared with the control cutting date of 1 September if the cultivar was resistant to bacterial wilt [ Corynebacterium insidiosum (McCull) H.L. Jens] and fertilized with K. Yields were reduced if the cultivar was wilt‐susceptible and was cut on 15 September. Levels of total available carbohydrates (TAC) followed similar bi‐monthly trends between 6 September and 13 December for both cultivars. Average TAC content of the two cultivars increased to 304 g kg −1 on 1 November and then decreased to 271 g kg −1 on 13 December when alfalfa was dormant. On 13 December, levels of TAC were the same within cultivars for all fall cutting treatments and lower for DuPuits than for Vernal. Yields and persistence were not reduced by variable dates of fall cutting after a second cutting in mid‐July if the cultivar was wilt‐resistant, hardy or moderately hardy, and the soil had been well fertilized with K. The present recommendation of not cutting in September and early October or 4 to 6 weeks before the first killing frost in the NC and NE states should be reevaluated.
Effect of Dietary Constituents With Chemopreventive Potential on Adduct Formation of a Low Dose of the Heterocyclic Amines PhIP and IQ and Phase II Hepatic Enzymes (2003)

We conducted a study to evaluate dietary chemopreventive strategies to reduce genotoxic effects of the carcinogens 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenyl-imidazo[4,5-b]pyridine (PhIP) and 2-amino-3-methylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoline (IQ). PhIP and IQ are heterocyclic amines (HCAs) that are found in cooked meat and may be risk factors for cancer. Typical chemoprevention studies have used carcinogen doses many thousand-fold higher than usual human daily intake. Therefore, we administered a low dose of [14C]PhIP and [3H]IQ and utilized accelerator mass spectrometry to quantify PhIP adducts in the liver, colon, prostate, and blood plasma and IQ adducts in the liver and blood plasma with high sensitivity. Diets supplemented with phenethylisothiocyanate (PEITC), genistein, chlorophyllin, or lycopene were evaluated for their ability to decrease adduct formation of [14C]PhIP and [3H]IQ in rats. We also examined the effect of treatments on the activity of the phase II detoxification enzymes glutathione S-transferase (GST), UDP-glucuronyltransferase (UGT), phenol sulfotransferase (SULT) and quinone reductase (QR). PEITC and chlorophyllin significantly decreased PhIP-DNA adduct levels in all tissues examined, which was reflected by similar changes in PhIP binding to albumin in the blood. In contrast, genistein and lycopene tended to increase PhIP adduct levels. The treatments did not significantly alter the level of IQ-DNA or -protein adducts in the liver. With the exception of lycopene, the treatments had some effect on the activity of one or more hepatic phase II detoxification enzymes. We conclude that PEITC and chlorophyllin are protective of PhIP-induced genotoxicity after a low exposure dose of carcinogen, possibly through modification of HCA metabolism.
ChemInform Abstract: A NEW ALKYLATING METHOD AT THE 4‐POSITION OF ISOQUINOLINE DERIVATIVES (1976)

Abstract Aus dem Dihydro‐isochinolin (I) entsteht mit Natriumhydrid in DMSO das Anion (II), das mit 2‐Methyl‐2‐cyclohexenon (III) über (IV) zum 4‐Substitutionsprodukt (V) führt.