gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Derangement of Metabolic and Lysosomal Gene Profiles in Response to Dexamethasone Treatment in Sarcoidosis (2020)

Glucocorticoids (GCs) play a central role in modulation of inflammation in various diseases, including respiratory diseases such as sarcoidosis. Surprisingly, the specific anti-inflammatory effects of GCs on different myeloid cells especially in macrophages remain poorly understood. Sarcoidosis is a systemic granulomatous disease of unknown etiology that occurs worldwide and is characterized by granuloma formation in different organs. Alveolar macrophages play a role in sarcoidosis granuloma formation and progressive lung disease. The goal of the present study is to identify the effect of GCs on transcriptomic profiles and the cellular pathways in sarcoidosis alveolar macrophages and their corresponding blood myeloid cells. We determined and compared the whole transcriptional signatures of alveolar macrophages from sarcoidosis patients and blood CD14<sup>+</sup> monocytes of the same subjects in response to <i>in vitro</i> treatment with dexamethasone (DEX) via RNA-sequencing. In response to DEX, we identified 2,834 genes that were differentially expressed in AM. Predominant pathways affected were as following: metabolic pathway (FDR = 4.1 × 10<sup>-10</sup>), lysosome (FDR = 6.3 × 10<sup>-9</sup>), phagosome (FDR = 3.9 × 10<sup>-5</sup>). The DEX effect on AMs is associated with metabolic derangements involving glycolysis, oxidative phosphorylation and lipid metabolisms. In contrast, the top impacted pathways in response to DEX treatment in blood CD14<sup>+</sup> monocytes were as following; cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction (FDR = 6 × 10<sup>-6</sup>) and transcriptional misregulation in cancer (FDR = 1 × 10<sup>-4</sup>). Pathways similarly affected in both cell types were genes involved in lysosomes, cytoskeleton and transcriptional misregulation in cancer. These data suggest that the different effects of DEX on AMs and peripheral blood monocytes are partly dictated by lineage specific transcriptional programs and their physiological functions.
Commentary on Standard ML (1990)

The full mathematical description of the functional programming language ML was given in Milner, Tofte, and Harper's Definition of Standard ML. This companion volume explains in depth the meaning, or semantic theory, of ML. Together, the two volumes provide a complete understanding of the most prominent of a new group of functional programming languages that includes Haskell and Scheme.In making the Definition easier to understand, the authors not only explain what ML is, they explain why it is. They present some of the rigorous analysis that supports the Definition including a selection of theorems that express important properties of the language. The Commentary is also a working document that shows the way in which the specialized theory of ML can contribute to broader research on language design and semantics.Robin Milner is Professor of Computer Science and Director of the Laboratory for Foundations of Computer Science at the University of Edinburgh. Mads Tofte is Lecturer at the University of Nigeria.
Beneficial Effects of Upgrading from Right Ventricular Pacing to Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy in Patients with Heart Failure Compared to de Novo Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy (2010)

Abstract Background: The effects of upgrading from right ventricular (RV) pacing to cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) in patients with heart failure remains unclear. The aim of this study was to evaluate the improvement of cardiac function in patients upgraded from RV pacing to CRT. Methods: We studied 48 consecutive patients who underwent CRT implantation, and were followed up for more than 6 months. This group included 15 patients who were upgraded from RV pacing. We measured left ventricular (LV) dp/dt to determine the timing of LV‐RV sequential pacing. Echocardiographic examination was performed before and 6–12 months after the CRT procedure to assess the LV ejection fraction (LVEF). Results: In overall patients, LVEF increased after CRT (31.4 ± 9.8 vs. 37.1 ± 13.6%, p = 0.005). The increase of LVEF was more significant in the upgrade group (31.3 ± 9.4% to 41.9 ± 13.9%, p = 0.01) than in the newly implanted group (31.5 ± 10.1% to 35.0 ± 13.1%, p = 0.13). An increase of dp/dt during CRT was significantly positively associated with an increase of LVEF (r = 0.74, p = 0.01) in overall patients. Conclusion: The upgrading from RV pacing to CRT was associated with greater improvement of LV systolic function than de novo CRT implantation. The change of dp/dt might be useful to predict the improvement of LV systolic function.
Palladium‐Catalyzed Carbonylative Four‐Component Synthesis of Thiochromenones: The Advantages of a Reagent Capsule (2016)

Multicomponent reactions, especially those involving four or even more reagents, have been a long-standing challenge because of the issues associated with balancing reactivity, selectivity, and compatibility. Herein, we demonstrate how the use of a reagent capsule provides straightforward access to synthetically valuable thiochromenone derivatives by a palladium-catalyzed carbonylative four-component reaction. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first example of applying a capsule to prevent catalyst poisoning and undesired side reactions of the multicomponent reaction.
An Iterative Method for Designing (1995)

In this paper, we present a technique for designing the optimal (in the mean square error sense) separable 2-D filter for recovering a signal from a noise-corrupted signal when the joint statistics of the signal and noise are known. A set of nonlinear equations in the design parameters is derived, and an iterative algorithm to solve them is presented. The algorithm is shown to be nondivergent in theory and rapidly convergent in practice. The results of applying the separable filter design algorithm to several typical image recovery problems are given. In most cases, the performance of the resulting separable filter is similar to that of the optimal nonseparable filter with the same region of support.
SyncWorld: A cloud storage/synchronization service using Java and Php (2016)

Cloud Computing is a major field of study. Cloud Storage is regarded as an infrastructure to cloud computing and personal cloud storage are gaining popularity. This paper presents the development of a user friendly and efficient personal cloud synchronization and storage service using java and php. The application follows a new algorithm and its architecture is beyond the conventional client/server or peer to peer.
Supersonic jet spectroscopy of nonvolatiles from pulsed high pressure ammonia expansions (1989)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSupersonic jet spectroscopy of nonvolatiles from pulsed high pressure ammonia expansionsHo Ming. Pang and David M. LubmanCite this: Anal. Chem. 1989, 61, 7, 777–779Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1989Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1989https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac00182a029https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00182a029research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views68Altmetric-Citations3LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Cloning of Human 25-Hydroxyvitamin D-1α-Hydroxylase and Mutations Causing Vitamin D-Dependent Rickets Type 1 (1997)

The secosteroid hormone, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D [1,25(OH)2D], plays a crucial role in normal bone growth, calcium metabolism, and tissue differentiation. The key step in the biosynthesis of 1,25(OH)2D is its 1 alpha-hydroxylation from 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OHD) in the kidney. Because its expression in the kidney is very low, we cloned and sequenced cDNA for 25-OHD-1 alpha-hydroxylase (P450c1 alpha) from human keratinocytes, in which 1 alpha-hydroxylase activity and mRNA expression can be induced to be much greater. P450c1 alpha mRNA was expressed at much lower levels in human kidney, brain, and testis. Mammalian cells transfected with the cloned P450c1 alpha cDNA exhibit robust 1 alpha-hydroxylase activity. The identity of the 1,25(OH)2D3 product synthesized in transfected cells was confirmed by HPLC and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The gene encoding P450c1 alpha was localized to chromosome 12, where the 1 alpha-hydroxylase deficiency syndrome, vitamin D-dependent rickets type 1 (VDDR-1), has been localized. Primary cultures of human adult and neonatal keratinocytes exhibit abundant 1 alpha-hydroxylase activity, whereas those from a patient with VDDR-1 lacked detectable activity. Keratinocyte P450c1 alpha cDNA from the patient with VDDR-1 contained deletion/frameshift mutations either at codon 211 or at codon 231, indicating that the patient was a compound heterozygote for two null mutations. These findings establish the molecular genetic basis of VDDR-1, establish a novel means for its study in keratinocytes, and provide the sequence of the key enzyme in the biological activation of vitamin D.
Surgical Repair of Ruptures of the Tendo Achillis (1981)

Clinical data on 163 ruptures of the Achilles tendon demonstrated that recreational activity was a common cause. The technique of surgical repair includes local tendon graft, repair of deep fascia, and an angulated incision that relieves local tissue tension, prevents serious wound complications and provides satisfactory functional results. Measurements of power potential, a velocity-dependent parameter, rather than peak strength, provide a better indication of the true functional result after repair of Achilles tendon ruptures. The isokinetic torque developed in the triceps surae subsequent to surgical repair is 85% of that on the normal side. The peak strength after operation is 101% of the opposite side. Rather than chronic tendonitis or ischemia, uncontrolled power in a suboptimally conditioned musculotendinous unit may cause spontaneous ruptures.
A Viscous "Geometric" Beam Damping Model that Results in Weak Frequency Dependence of Modal Damping (2012)

This paper considers the damped transverse vibration of flexural structures. Viscous damping models available to date, e.g. proportional damping, suffer from the deficiency that the resulting modal damping is strongly frequency-dependent, a situation not representative of experiments with built-up structures. Strain-based viscous damping, which corresponds to the case of stiffness-proportional damping, yields modal damping that increases linearly with frequency. Motion-based viscous damping, which corresponds to the case of massproportional damping, yields modal damping that decreases linearly with frequency. The focus model addresses a viscous “geometric” damping term in which a resisting shear force is proportional to the time rate of change of the slope. Separation of variables does not lead directly to a solution of the governing partial differential equation, although a boundaryvalue eigenvalue problem for free vibration can nevertheless be posed and solved numerically. In a discretized finite element context, the resulting damping matrix resembles the geometric stiffness matrix used to account for the effects of membrane loads on lateral stiffness. For a beam having simply-supported boundary conditions, this model yields constant modal damping that is independent of frequency. For more general boundary conditions, modal damping varies somewhat, approaching the expected constant value with increasing mode number. For simply-supported boundary conditions, the corresponding mode shapes are real, even though the damping is non-proportional. Such a viscous damping model should prove useful to researchers and engineers who need a time-domain damping model that exhibits realistic frequency-independent damping.
JSON Merge Patch (2014)

This specification defines the JSON merge patch format and processing rules. The merge patch format is primarily intended for use with the HTTP PATCH method as a means of describing a set of modifications to a target resource's content.
Robots that Sync and Swarm: A Proof of Concept in ROS 2 (2019)

A unified mathematical model for synchronisation and swarming has recently been proposed. Each system entity, called a "swarmalator", coordinates its internal phase and location with the other entities in a way that these two attributes are mutually coupled. This paper realises and studies, for the first time, the concept of swarmalators in a technical system. We adapt and extend the original model for its use with mobile robots and implement it in the Robot Operating System 2 (ROS 2). Simulations and experiments with small robots demonstrate the feasibility of the model and show its potential to be applied to real-world systems. All types of space-time patterns achieved in theory can be reproduced in practice. Applications can be found in monitoring, exploration, entertainment and art, among other domains.
The Relay Selection and Transmission Trade-off in Cooperative Communication Systems (2010)

A common and practical paradigm in cooperative communication systems is the use of a dynamically selected "best" relay to decode and forward information from a source to a destination. Such systems use two phases - a relay selection phase, in which the system uses transmission time and energy to select the best relay, and a data transmission phase, in which it uses the spatial diversity benefits of selection to transmit data. In this paper, we derive closed-form expressions for the overall throughput and energy consumption, and study the time and energy trade-off between the selection and data transmission phases. To this end, we analyze a baseline non-adaptive system and several adaptive systems that adapt the selection phase, relay transmission power, or transmission time. Our results show that while selection yields significant benefits, the selection phase's time and energy overhead can be significant. In fact, at the optimal point, the selection can be far from perfect, and depends on the number of relays and the mode of adaptation. The results also provide guidelines about the optimal system operating point for different modes of adaptation. The analysis also sheds new insights on the fast splitting-based algorithm considered in this paper for relay selection.
Turbulent Boundary-Layer Separation (1989)

This article summarizes our present understanding of the physical behavior of two-dimensional turbulent separated flows, which occur due to adverse pressure gradients around streamlined and bluff bodies. The physical behavior of turbulence is flow dependent, so detailed experimental infor­ mation is needed for understanding such flows and modeling their physics for calculation methods. An earlier review (Simpson 1 985) discussed in much detail prior experimental and computational work, and this was followed by an updated review of calculation methods only (Simpson 1 987). Here additional recent references are added to those cited in the two other works. By separation, we mean the entire process of departure or breakaway, or the breakdown of boundary-layer flow. An abrupt thickening of the rotational-flow region next to a wall and significant values of the normal­ to-wall velocity component must accompany breakaway, or otherwise this region would not have any significant interaction with the free-stream flow. This unwanted interaction causes a reduction in the performance of the flow device of interest (e.g. a loss of lift on an airfoil or a loss of pressure rise in a diffuser). It is too narrow a view to use vanishing surface shearing stress or flow reversal as the criterion for separation. Only in steady two-dimensional flow do these conditions usually accompany separation. In unsteady two­ dimensional flow the surface shear stress can change sign with flow reversal without the occurrence of breakaway_ Conversely, the breakdown of the boundary-layer concept can occur before any flow reversal is encountered. In three-dimensional flow the rotational layer can depart without the
GAS2-like proteins mediate communication between microtubules and actin through interaction with end-binding proteins (2014)

Crosstalk between the microtubule (MT) and actin cytoskeletons is fundamental to many cellular processes including cell polarisation and cell motility. Previous work has shown that members of the growth-arrest-specific 2 (GAS2) family mediate the crosstalk between filamentous actin (F-actin) and MTs, but the molecular basis of this process remained unclear. By using fluorescence microscopy, we demonstrate that three members of this family, GAS2-like 1, GAS2-like 2 and GAS2-like 3 (G2L1, G2L2 and G2L3, also known as GAS2L1, GAS2L2 and GAS2L3, respectively) are differentially involved in mediating the crosstalk between F-actin and MTs. Although all localise to actin and MTs, only the exogenous expression of G2L1 and G2L2 influenced MT stability, dynamics and guidance along actin stress fibres. Biochemical analysis and live-cell imaging revealed that their functions are largely due to the association of these proteins with MT plus-end-binding proteins that bind to SxIP or SxLP motifs located at G2L C-termini. Our findings lead to a model in which end-binding (EB) proteins play a key role in mediating actin-MT crosstalk.
A Hybrid Wavelet Transform Based Short-Term Wind Speed Forecasting Approach (2014)

It is important to improve the accuracy of wind speed forecasting for wind parks management and wind power utilization. In this paper, a novel hybrid approach known as WTT-TNN is proposed for wind speed forecasting. In the first step of the approach, a wavelet transform technique (WTT) is used to decompose wind speed into an approximate scale and several detailed scales. In the second step, a two-hidden-layer neural network (TNN) is used to predict both approximated scale and detailed scales, respectively. In order to find the optimal network architecture, the partial autocorrelation function is adopted to determine the number of neurons in the input layer, and an experimental simulation is made to determine the number of neurons within each hidden layer in the modeling process of TNN. Afterwards, the final prediction value can be obtained by the sum of these prediction results. In this study, a WTT is employed to extract these different patterns of the wind speed and make it easier for forecasting. To evaluate the performance of the proposed approach, it is applied to forecast Hexi Corridor of China's wind speed. Simulation results in four different cases show that the proposed method increases wind speed forecasting accuracy.
Effects of Added Copper and Zinc on Growth Performance and Carcass Characteristics of Finishing Pigs Fed Diets with or without Ractopamine HCl (2015)

A total of 480 pigs (PIC 327 × 1050; initially 107.4 lb) were used to determine the interactive effects of supplemental Cu, Zn, and Ractopamine HCl on finishing pig growth performance, carcass characteristics, and antimicrobial susceptibility of enteric bacteria. Dietary treatments were arranged in a 2 × 2 × 2 factorial with main effects of added copper sulfate (CuSO4; 0 vs. 125 ppm Cu), added zinc oxide (ZnO; 0 vs. 150 ppm Zn), and Ractopamine HCl (0 vs. 10 ppm during the last 28 d prior to marketing; Paylean®; Elanco Animal Health, Greenfield, IN). All finishing diets were fed in four phases in meal form and contained 11 ppm Cu and 73 ppm Zn from the trace mineral premix. The study design was structured as a randomized complete block design and replicated with two finishing groups. Pigs were randomly allotted to pens upon entry into the finisher barn. Pens of seven (group 1) or eight (group 2) pigs were balanced on initial BW and randomly allotted to 1 of the 4 mineral treatment diets with two treatment replications per weight block and four weight blocks per finishing group. At 28 d prior to marketing, pens within each block and mineral treatment were randomly assigned to receive either 0 or 10 ppm Ractopamine HCl in addition to the mineral treatment. At the conclusion of the 90-d (group 1) or 83-d (group 2) finishing period, carcass characteristics were measured. Adding Cu or Zn alone resulted in numerical improvements in overall F/G and caloric efficiencies; however, the improvements were not additive (Cu × Zn, P = 0.065, 0.068, and 0.064 for F/G and caloric efficiency on a ME and NE basis, respectively). No significant improvements were observed in overall ADG or ADFI due to added Cu and/or Zn. In contrast, Ractopamine HCl improved (P < 0.001) overall ADG, F/G, and caloric efficiency, thereby increasing final BW by 3% with no change in ADFI. Ractopamine HCl also increased (P < 0.001) HCW, percentage carcass yield, and HCW F/G. Adding Zn or Cu alone to diets containing Ractopamine HCl numerically improved percentage carcass yield and HCW F/G, but this effect was not present when the mineral was added to the control diet or when the minerals were fed in combination in the Ractopamine HCl diets (Cu × Zn × Ractopamine, P = 0.011 and 0.024 respectively). Regardless of HCW, pigs fed Ractopamine HCl had decreased
Analysis of saturation problem in RAM-based neural networks (1992)

The problem of uneven saturation across (he layers of RAM-based neural networks is investigated. It proposes a technique to generate a greater uniformity in saturation levels among the layers to specify the ideal connectivity between layers and to cope with the consequences of the saturation problem.
Abciximab pharmacodynamic model with neural networks used to integrate sources of patient variability (2004)

These findings suggest the usefulness of neural network methods to individualize dosing for drugs with a narrow therapeutic index when real-time measures of drug concentration and effect are unavailable, but future clinical studies are required for prospective validation.
TSCAN: A Content Anatomy Approach to Temporal Topic Summarization (2010)

A topic is defined as a seminal event or activity along with all directly related events and activities. It is represented by a chronological sequence of documents published by different authors on the Internet. In this study, we define a task called topic anatomy, which summarizes and associates the core parts of a topic temporally so that readers can understand the content easily. The proposed topic anatomy model, called TSCAN, derives the major themes of a topic from the eigenvectors of a temporal block association matrix. Then, the significant events of the themes and their summaries are extracted by examining the constitution of the eigenvectors. Finally, the extracted events are associated through their temporal closeness and context similarity to form an evolution graph of the topic. Experiments based on the official TDT4 corpus demonstrate that the generated temporal summaries present the storylines of topics in a comprehensible form. Moreover, in terms of content coverage, coherence, and consistency, the summaries are superior to those derived by existing summarization methods based on human-composed reference summaries.