gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
MEK1 regulates pulmonary macrophage inflammatory responses and resolution of acute lung injury (2019)

The MEK1/2-ERK1/2 pathway has been implicated in regulating the inflammatory response to lung injury and infection, and pharmacologic MEK1/2 inhibitor compounds are reported to reduce detrimental inflammation in multiple animal models of disease, in part through modulation of leukocyte responses. However, the specific contribution of myeloid MEK1 in regulating acute lung injury (ALI) and its resolution remain unknown. Here, the role of myeloid Mek1 was investigated in a murine model of LPS-induced ALI (LPS-ALI) by genetic deletion using the Cre-floxed system (LysMCre × Mekfl), and human alveolar macrophages from healthy volunteers and patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) were obtained to assess activation of the MEK1/2-ERK1/2 pathway. Myeloid Mek1 deletion results in a failure to resolve LPS-ALI, and alveolar macrophages lacking MEK1 had increased activation of MEK2 and the downstream target ERK1/2 on day 4 of LPS-ALI. The clinical significance of these findings is supported by increased activation of the MEK1/2-ERK1/2 pathway in alveolar macrophages from patients with ARDS compared with alveolar macrophages from healthy volunteers. This study reveals a critical role for myeloid MEK1 in promoting resolution of LPS-ALI and controlling the duration of macrophage proinflammatory responses.
The chiral resolution of pesticides on amylose‐tris(3,5‐dimethylphenylcarbamate) CSP by HPLC and the enantiomeric identification by circular dichroism (2007)

Amylose-tris(3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate) (ADMPC) was synthesized and coated on gamma-aminopropylsilica to prepare a chiral stationary phase (CSP). The chiral resolutions of seven pesticide enantiomers including fenoxaprop-ethyl, quizalofop-ethyl, lactofen, metalaxyl, benalaxyl, hexythiazox and fluroxypyr-meptyl on the CSP by high-performance liquid chromatography were performed. Mobile phase was n-hexane and isopropanol with a flow rate of 1.0 ml/min. The influences of isopropanol content in the mobile phase and temperature on the resolutions were investigated. Under the optimized conditions the enantiomers could obtain complete resolutions except that metalaxyl got partial resolution. Decreasing the content of isopropanol increased the retention and the resolutions. Temperature was an important chromatographic parameter for optimization, and the results showed that low temperature was not always good to the resolutions. The enantiomers were identified by a circular dichroism (CD) detector which could provide the CD signals [(+) or (-)] and the CD spectra in the range of 220-420 nm by online scanning.
Expression of murine β7, α4, and β1 integrin genes by rodent mast cells (1992)

The screening of a rat mast cell cDNA library with a probe selected to recognize those genes preferentially or exclusively expressed by mast cells identified a rat gene sequence, RF-17, that shared homology with the beta-integrins. This integrin was expressed in rat tissues enriched for mast cells and T cells. The rat RF-17 sequence was used to isolate the murine homologue from a spleen cDNA library. The murine gene encodes a protein of 806 amino acids that is the probable homologue to the human beta 7 chain. Transcripts specific for the murine gene are found in the thymus, spleen, and lung. To attempt to identify the gene product for this new integrin chain, we examined the murine T cell line TK-1, which expresses a novel integrin heterodimer, lymphocyte Peyer's patch high endothelial venule adhesion molecule (LPAM-1), of a known alpha 4 chain and an unknown beta P chain, for expression of murine beta 7 (RF-17). This cell line expresses high levels of RF-17 transcripts, suggesting that beta P is encoded by the beta 7 gene. Bone marrow cells induced to differentiate into mast cells via IL-3 express the beta 7 gene as well as the genes encoding the murine integrin alpha 4 and beta 1 proteins. Surface staining analysis indicates that these cells express an alpha 4-containing integrin complex throughout the differentiation process. These data suggest that the Peyer's patch homing LPAM-1 receptor expressed by a subset of T cells consists of the beta 7 gene product and the alpha 4 chain, and that this integrin chain complex is also found on the surface of maturing mast cells. The presence of beta 1 transcripts also suggests that these maturing mast cells possess the LPAM-2 integrin complex (alpha 4/beta 1) as well. The experimental strategy described in this manuscript has, thus, identified a novel murine beta-integrin chain that is expressed by rodent T cells and mast cells.
Chemical Elements Content and Distributions within Different Tissue Types of White Spruce (2023)

The relative proportions of different chemical components in wood tissues is one of the underlying factors that control wood properties. These proportions vary within and between woody tissues, and an accurate description of these variations is critical for parameterizing forest biogeochemical budgets and models. White spruce (Picea glauca (Moench) Voss) spacing intensities trials in the Petawawa Research Forest, Ontario, Canada, were sampled to evaluate variations in carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and hydrogen (H) concentrations between different tissue types, i.e., bark, cambium, knots, earlywood, latewood, and wood. Samples were freeze-dried and oven-dried to test the impact of the drying methods on these chemical elements. Freeze-dried C (51.14) and H (6.18) concentrations were significantly higher than those of oven-dried C (50.55) and H (6.06). Freeze-dried N (0.18) did not differ from oven-dried N (0.17). The spacing intensities impacted C, H, and N, with C content being higher in wider square spacings (4.3 m and 6.1 m), while the reverse was true for N and H, which exhibited higher content in smaller square spacings (1.2 m and 1.8 m). The results of this study also suggested that when it comes to the content of chemical elements, bark and knots should be treated as separate fuel types, whereas other woody tissues can be aggregated.
A survey of software runtime monitoring (2017)

With the wide application of complex software systems in various fields of social life, how to ensure the reliability of software systems at runtime becomes a hot issue to be solved. By observing the behavior information of the running software, software runtime monitoring can support the credibility of the software behavior, and can be used for software fault analysis and localization. In this paper, starting from the basic concepts of software runtime monitoring, the basic architecture and monitoring levels of software runtime monitoring are introduced. Then the typical software runtime monitoring methods are presented and classified. Moreover, these different monitoring methods are analyzed and compared. Finally, the existing problems are discussed, and possible future research directions are given.
Ubiquitous Mobile Awareness from Sensor Networks (2010)

Users require applications and services to be available everywhere, enabling users to focus on what is important to them. Therefore, context information from users (e.g., spatial data, preferences, available connectivity and devices, etc.) needs to be accessible to systems that deliver services via a heterogeneous infrastructure. We present a novel approach to support ubiquitous sensing and availability of context to services and applications. This approach offers a scalable, distributed storage of context derived from sensor networks wirelessly attached to mobile phones and other devices. The support handles frequent updates of sensor information and is interoperable with presence services in 3G mobile systems, thus enabling ubiquitous sensing applications. We demonstrate these concepts and the principle operation in a sample ubiquitous mobile awareness service. The importance of this contribution, in comparison to earlier work, lies in the availability of real-time ubiquitous sensing to both applications on the Internet as well as applications in mobile systems.
Generalised Parallel Bilinear Interpolation Architecture for Vision Systems (2008)

Bilinear interpolation is widely used in computer vision for extracting pixel values for positions that lie off the pixel grid in an image. For each sub-pixel, the values of four neighbors are used to compute the interpolated value. This presents a challenge since four pixels must be read from the source image memory for each output pixel. This paper presents an architecture, for implementation within FPGA-based vision systems, that takes advantage of the heterogeneous resources available on modern devices to parallelize these memory accesses through efficient distribution of the source image in embedded memories. We show how intrinsic information in the sub-pixel addresses can be used to implement bilinear interpolation efficiently. We then suggest modifications to the architecture for larger image sizes which exceed the memory capabilities of modern FPGAs. The architecture is shown to achieve performance of 250Msamples per second in a modern device.
A Simple Demonstration of Concrete Structural Health Monitoring Framework (2015)

Assessment and management of aging concrete structures in nuclear power plants require a more systematic approach than simple reliance on existing code margins of safety. Structural health monitoring of concrete structures aims to understand the current health condition of a structure based on heterogeneous measurements to produce high confidence actionable information regarding structural integrity that supports operational and maintenance decisions. This ongoing research project is seeking to develop a probabilistic framework for health diagnosis and prognosis of aging concrete structures in a nuclear power plant subjected to physical, chemical, environment, and mechanical degradation. The proposed framework consists of four elements—damage modeling, monitoring, data analytics, and uncertainty quantification. This report describes a proof-of-concept example on a small concrete slab subjected to a freeze-thaw experiment that explores techniques in each of the four elements of the framework and their integration. An experimental set-up at Vanderbilt University’s Laboratory for Systems Integrity and Reliability is used to research effective combination of full-field techniques that include infrared thermography, digital image correlation, and ultrasonic measurement. The measured data are linked to the probabilistic framework: the thermography, digital image correlation data, and ultrasonic measurement data are used for Bayesian calibration of model parameters, for diagnosis of damage, and for prognosis of future damage. The proof-of-concept demonstration presented in this report highlights the significance of each element of the framework and their integration.
Fiber as a temperature sensor with portable Correlation-OTDR as interrogator (2020)

In this paper, we report on the integration of a Correlation-OTDR into a portable unit (30 cm x 30 cm), based on a multi-processor system on chip (MPSoC) and a small formfactor pluggable (SFP) 2.5G transceiver. Going beyond telecommunication applications, this system is demonstrated for temperature measurements, based on the change of propagation delay with temperature in a short section of optical fiber. The temperature measurement accuracy is investigated as a function of the fiber length from 4 to 25 meters.
Autonomous power management for interlinked AC-DC microgrids (2018)

The existing power management schemes for interlinked AC-DC microgrids have several operational drawbacks. Some of the existing control schemes are designed with the main objective of sharing power among the interlinked microgrids based on their loading conditions, while other schemes regulate the voltage of the interlinked microgrids without considering the specific loading conditions. However, the existing schemes cannot achieve both objectives efficiently. To address these issues, an autonomous power management scheme is proposed, which explicitly considers the specific loading condition of the DC microgrid before importing power from the interlinked AC microgrid. This strategy enables voltage regulation in the DC microgrid, and also reduces the number of converters in operation. The proposed scheme is fully autonomous while it retains the plug-nplay features for generators and tie-converters. The performance of the proposed control scheme has been validated under different operating scenarios. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed scheme in managing the power deficit in the DC microgrid efficiently and autonomously while maintaining the better voltage regulation in the DC microgrid.
Spatially inhomogeneous polarization in laser beam shaping (2007)

A new method of beam shaping by spatially inhomogeneous polarization is proposed and studied. Unlike the conventional techniques, the polarization state in the pupil plane of a far-field beam shaping system is modulated in a spatially variant pattern. It is shown that with carefully designed polarization manipulation, the smallest flat-top intensity focal pattern can be obtained. Theoretical analysis demonstrates the uniqueness of this new idea in terms of the size of the flat-top spot; experiments are described that successfully demonstrate the feasibility of this method to practical applications.
Cord to cortex conduction in multiple sclerosis (1979)

We studied 30 controls and 28 patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). M-waves, F-waves, and somatosensory responses evoked by median and peroneal nerve stimulation were used to estimate conduction times from the lumbar cord to the cortex; the cervical cord to the cortex; through the spinal cord; and in proximal segments of peripheral nerve. The central conduction times were significantly prolonged in the MS patients, giving an overall 79 percent incidence of abnormalities. Several patients who were asymptomatic in the tested arm (36 percent) or leg (16 percent) showed electrophysiologic abnormalities. By comparing conduction time from the lumbar cord to the cortex with the conduction time from the cervical cord to the cortex, the site of the lesion could be deduced, but not proven. The diagnostic yield from measuring the latencies of the somatosensory responses was 68 percent. We concluded that measuring central conduction times indirectly by use of M- and F-waves adds little to simple measurement of somatosensory responses.
Bias Dependent, Compact Low-Frequency Noise Model of GaInP/GaAs HBT: Experimental Identification and CAD Implementation (2006)

In the present paper, the experimental identification of a compact low frequency noise model of GaInP/GaAs Heterojunction Bipolar Transistors and its implementation in a widely employed RF CAD software is described. The model is analytical so that its CAD implementation does not require look-up tables. The model allows the control of the noise sources inside the devices through the instantaneous value of the base current.
Autoxidation of polypropylene catalyzed by cobalt salt in the liquid phase (1968)

Abstract The autoxidation of isotactic polypropylene suspended in the organic solvent was found to proceed very rapidly in the presence of cobalt salts. The rate of oxidation increases and the induction period decreases as the concentration of the cobalt is increased. The rate of oxidation depends on solvent and is quite fast in fatty acids. Polypropylene has shown a rapid decrease in molecular weight at the initial stage of oxidation, and the volatile products were mainly composed of carbon dioxide and small amount of carbon monoxide. Other oxidation products were acetic acid‐soluble resinous materials, having molecular weights of 250–730, with a molar ratio of carbon to oxygen of 3.0–5.4. Atactic polypropylene, relatively stable against oxidation, was oxidized easily in the presence of cobalt and bromide ion. The difference in the rate of oxidation depending on the tacticity of polypropylene is attributed primarily to steric hindrance to the intramolecular hydrogen abstraction step.
ChemInform Abstract: PYRIDAZINE 51. MITT. SYNTH.‐WEGE ZU PYRIDAZINO(2,3‐A)‐1,3,5‐TRIAZINEN, EINEM NEUEN HETEROCYCLISCHEN SYST. (1973)

Abstract 3‐Amino‐6‐chlor‐pyridazin (I) reagiert mit N‐Phenylchlormethylen‐carbamidsäurechlorid (II) oder mit Benzoylisocyaniddichlorid (III) zum Pyridazino‐triazin (IV), das bei der Behandlung mit Hydrazin in (I) und das Triazolon (V), mit verd. Salzsäure in das Formamidin (VI) gespalten wird.
Purification and Biochemical Characterization of a Mammalian Phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-Trisphosphate 5-Phosphatase (1995)

Characterization of the enzymes involved in metabolism of 3-phosphorylated inositol lipids and their subcellular localization revealed that in vitro a 5-phosphatase activity was responsible for the degradation of phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate, whereas a 3-phosphatase activity hydrolyzed phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate and/or phosphatidylinositol 3,4-bisphosphate. All these activities were localized in the cytosol. No phospholipase activities were detected. The cytosolic phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate 5-phosphatase activity was purified to near homogeneity using ion exchange, affinity, and size exclusion chromatography. Characterization of the purified phosphatase revealed that it is a magnesium-dependent 5-phosphatase that is able to hydrolyze phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate and phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate. The enzyme is only partially inhibited by neomycin and vanadate but is strongly inhibited by phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate and to a slightly lesser extent by phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate.
Applicability of ZigBee technology to electric motor rotor measurements (2006)

The purpose of this work is to determine the applicability of the ZigBee technology to electric motor rotor measurements. Requirements for data transmission, electrical structure and powering of a sensor are discussed. A prototype wireless ZigBee-based torque sensor is built and tested. The results of the tests are analyzed
Memory load modulates the dynamics of visual working memory. (2018)

Working memory is imperfect and dynamic – memories becomes less accurate with time. We combine psychophysical methods and computational modeling to precisely describe the dynamic forces governing working memory. We show that the accumulation of error in working memory over time is not random but reflects underlying attractor dynamics. Furthermore, these dynamics are modulated by memory load and they are modified by experience: memories drift towards common stimuli. To identify these attractor dynamics, we trained both monkeys and humans to perform a continuous-report working memory task. In brief, subjects were asked to remember 1 to 3 colored squares. After a variable memory delay, subjects had to report the color of a cued stimulus on a continuous color wheel. Dynamic models fit to the behavioral responses of both monkeys and humans showed random diffusion dominated the dynamics at low memory load but strong attractors dominated dynamics at high memory load. In other words, memory dynamics are load-dependent: attractor depth increased with the number of items in working memory. These results provide a mechanistic explanation for why increasing the number of items in memory impairs memory accuracy and provide a bridge between descriptive models of memory reports and neural network models of working memory. Meeting abstract presented at VSS 2018
Informed Consent Practices in Global Surgery among Plastic Surgery Organizations (2022)

Background: Global surgery organizations often serve vulnerable and complex patient populations, but there is limited knowledge on the protocols used to obtain informed consent for procedures and content sharing. Methods: The Plastic Surgery Foundation Volunteers in Plastic Surgery database was queried for organizations actively involved in global surgery. Seventy-nine organizations received email invitations to participate in a survey study regarding their protocols for obtaining consent for procedures and sharing multimedia content. Results: A total of 17 organizations (22 percent) completed the survey. All were active for at least 10 years, and 15 of 17 organizations (88 percent) organized at least two mission trips annually. Fifteen of 17 organizations (88 percent) reported obtaining written consent for surgical procedures. Eight of 17 organizations, less than half (46 percent), used a written consent form that was created jointly with the local hospital. For sharing content related to global surgery experiences, 12 of 16 (75 percent) obtained some form of written consent, whereas one of 16 (6 percent) did not routinely obtain any consent. Organizations shared content most commonly through their websites and Facebook. All organizations reported using interpreters to obtain informed consent at least some of the time. Ten of 16 (62 percent) reported that they relied primarily on volunteers or community members to provide informal interpretation assistance, rather than formally trained professional interpreters. Conclusions: Practices related to obtaining informed consent vary widely among global surgery organizations. The development of standardized protocols and guidelines will ensure that global health organizations, in collaboration with their local partners, properly obtain informed consent for procedures and sharing publicly viewable content.
Influence of chemical treatment on the microstructure of nanographite (2014)

The methods of functionalization of carbon nanotubes and thermally exfoliated graphite by inorganic and organic compounds, which allow obtaining of oxygen-containing groups on the nanocarbon surface were proposed. The influence of chemical treatment on the internal structure and surface morphology of nanocarbon is analyzed. The electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and IR spectroscopy methods were used for investigating the structure and qualitative composition of functional groups on the chemically treated nanocarbons surface. The presented data reveal some modification of the typical nanocarbon Raman bands such as disorder band (D band), the graphite band (G band). But the changes of nanocarbon structure under chemical treatment are not dramatic.
Production of superconducting Y/sub 1/Ba/sub 2/Cu/sub 3/O/sub x/ thin films by d. c. diode sputtering and annealing (1988)

Thin films of Y/sub 1/Ba/sub 2/Cu/sub 3/O/sub x/ have been produced on sapphire substrates by d.c. diode sputtering in Ar atmosphere followed by annealing O/sub 2/ at 850 C. X-ray diffraction and resistivity show the films are amorphous and insulating as sputtered but become polycrystalline and conductive upon annealing, whereupon resistance begins to fall at 98 K, becoming fully superconductive at 69 K with a mid-point at 86 K. Four-point resistance measurements are made using low frequency phase sensitive detection. Electron microprobe analysis indicates that the 1-2-3 composition of this oxide can be obtained in the film by using a Y/sub 1/Ba/sub 3.2/Cu/sub 3.9/O/sub x/ target, suggesting that resputtering of Ba and Cu occurs during the deposition. A strong interaction (most likely diffusive) can occur with the sapphire substrate which degrades the superconducting transition, necessitating shorter annealing times and lower temperatures than used for bulk powders.