gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Mathematical modeling of multiple pathways in colorectal carcinogenesis using dynamical systems with Kronecker structure (2021)

Like many other types of cancer, colorectal cancer (CRC) develops through multiple pathways of carcinogenesis. This is also true for colorectal carcinogenesis in Lynch syndrome (LS), the most common inherited CRC syndrome. However, a comprehensive understanding of the distribution of these pathways of carcinogenesis, which allows for tailored clinical treatment and even prevention, is still lacking. We suggest a linear dynamical system modeling the evolution of different pathways of colorectal carcinogenesis based on the involved driver mutations. The model consists of different components accounting for independent and dependent mutational processes. We define the driver gene mutation graphs and combine them using the Cartesian graph product. This leads to matrix components built by the Kronecker sum and product of the adjacency matrices of the gene mutation graphs enabling a thorough mathematical analysis and medical interpretation. Using the Kronecker structure, we developed a mathematical model which we applied exemplarily to the three pathways of colorectal carcinogenesis in LS. Beside a pathogenic germline variant in one of the DNA mismatch repair (MMR) genes, driver mutations in APC, CTNNB1, KRAS and TP53 are considered. We exemplarily incorporate mutational dependencies, such as increased point mutation rates after MMR deficiency, and based on recent experimental data, biallelic somatic CTNNB1 mutations as common drivers of LS-associated CRCs. With the model and parameter choice, we obtained simulation results that are in concordance with clinical observations. These include the evolution of MMR-deficient crypts as early precursors in LS carcinogenesis and the influence of variants in MMR genes thereon. The proportions of MMR-deficient and MMR-proficient APC-inactivated crypts as first measure for the distribution among the pathways in LS-associated colorectal carcinogenesis are compatible with clinical observations. The approach provides a modular framework for modeling multiple pathways of carcinogenesis yielding promising results in concordance with clinical observations in LS CRCs.
Energy Sensitive Thin-Film Counters for Ultra-Relativistic Particles (1966)

The problem of devising energy-dependent detectors for the ultra-relativistic region is discussed from the point of view of thin film devices. Ionization loss, secondary electron emission, and transition radiation are proposed mechanisms for producing an energy-dependent signal from thin films.
Real-time observation of light-induced macroscopic changes in thin film solar cells: Device degradation mechanism (2016)

Hydrogenated polymorphous silicon (pm-Si:H) is a material consisting of a small volume fraction of nanocrystals embedded in an amorphous matrix. pm-Si:H solar cells demonstrate interesting initial degradation behaviors such as rapid initial change in photovoltaic parameters and large macroscopic structural change during light-soaking. The precise dynamics of the light-induced degradation was studied in a series of light-soaking experiments. Complementary studies reveal that the initial degradation of pm-Si:H solar cells originate from the modification of silicon-hydrogen bonding on the surface of silicon nanocrystals in pm-Si:H.
Granulocytopoiesis in the Rat Thymus (1965)

I t is known that in the process of granulocytopoiesis the myeloblast matures into segmented granulocytes by way of intermediate cell types and that some of the immature cells of the granulocytic series enter into mitosis. Three main aspects of granulocytopoiesis remain to be clarified: first, the number of intermediate cell types formed during this process; second, the morphological changes accounting for the transformation of the oval nucleus of the myeloblast into the segmented nucleus of the mature cells; and third, which cell types of the series undergo mitosis. The present work is an attempt to clarify these aspects of granulocytopoiesis. This process should be most readily studied by analysis of islands of cells representing the progeny of a single myeloblast, each island being in some stage of the process. In bone marrow such islands cannot be distinguished clearly, but in the rat thymus, fairly well outlined islands of granulocytic cells have been described (Weidenreich, 1912; Weill, 1913; Harland, 1940; Sainte‐Marie, 1962). Accordingly, these islands were analysed as to their cell composition. This paper deals with the morphological aspects of granulocytopoiesis. In a second paper, a quantitative analysis of these islands will be reported with a proposal of a pattern for granulocyte formation.
Deletion of putative xenobiotic response elements (XREs) in hpol κ alters the replication stress response and overall genomic instability in glioblastoma cells (2021)

Aberrant activation of human DNA polymerase kappa (hpol κ) via the kynurenine pathway‐aryl hydrocarbon receptor (KP‐AhR) pathway contributes to replication stress and genome instability in glioblastoma. Our previous studies relied solely on a small‐molecule inhibitor of tryptophan 2‐3‐deoxygenase and an AhR antagonist. Xenobiotic response elements (XREs) are short DNA sequences present in gene promoter regions that act as binding sites for the ligand complexed AhR. To elucidate hpol κ regulation by KP‐AhR, we generated POLK‐ΔXRE cell lines using CRISPR/Cas9 editing. XRE ablation in glioblastoma cells led to decreased hpol κ expression. Disconnecting hpol κ transcriptional regulation from AhR signaling resulted in a diminished capacity for fork restart and a slight increase in degradation of forks stalled by hydroxyurea (HU). In spite of the reduced ability to resolve replication stress, the POLK‐ΔXRE T98G cell lines had fewer micronuclei and ultra‐fine bridges (UFBs), indicative of less chromosomal instability. These results further support the idea that hpol κ regulation by the AhR may influence the replication stress response and overall genomic instability in glioblastoma cells.
Utilization of Peptides by a Lager Brewing Yeast (1999)

The nutritional quality of selected peptides [(Ala)2, (Asp)2, and (Leu)2] and their constituent amino acids were compared by examining the growth response of the commercial lager brewing strain, Saccharomyces cerevisiae NCYC 1324 (formerly Saccharomyces uvavum NCYC 1324), to these nitrogen sources in a defined medium. Single amino acids were better sources of nitrogen than were single sources of each homodipeptide. Peptides [(Ala)2 and (Leu)2] and nonpeptide nitrogen sources (ammonium sulfate, allantoin, arginine, leucine, proline, and urea) were combined to increase the nutritional complexity of the defined medium. A synergistic effect on growth resulted in faster growth rates and shorter growth cycles. The HPLC analysis of these culture supernatants demonstrated that S. cerevisiae NCYC 1324 utilized amino acids and peptides in a specific order. In binary mixtures of nitrogen sources, amino acids, ammonia, allantoin, and urea were preferred and appeared to inhibit the utilization of dipeptide from culture medium. In complex nitrogen mixtures (three amino acids and three dipeptides), S. cerevisiae NCYC 1324 simultaneously used both amino acids and peptides as sources of nitrogen. This research shows that these model dipeptides are definitely used as additional sources of nitrogen for continued yeast growth in a defined medium. Physiological conditions that influenced nitrogen repression of peptide utilization were also defined. It appears that the presence of ammonium ion in a defined culture medium inhibited peptide utilization inside the yeast cells, whereas leucine enhanced the ability of the yeast to utilize peptides.
United States, United Kingdom and Japanese shares in the Australian import market (1975)

This study examines changes in the share of the United States, the United Kingdom and Japan respectively, in the Australian import TIillrket. Attention is confined to trade in manufactured goods/which accounts for by far the greater part of Australia's imports from all three countries. The review period runs from 1963 to 1969. In 1963 Australia's imports had recovered to their normal level after the 1961 recession. The final year, 1969, was the latest year for which data were available when this study commenced . In 1963, 37 per cent of Australia's imports of manufactures came from the United Kingdom, 24 per cent from the United States and 8 per cent from Japan. By 1969 the United Kingdom's share had fallen to 26 per cent, and the United States' and Japan's share had risen to 27 per cent and 15 per cent resp~ctive1y. Note that the three countries together supplied almost exactly the same proportion of Australia's imports of manufactures in 1963 and 1969 (69 per cent ia 1963 and 68 per cent in 1969).
Design and Optimization of Cantilever Based RF-MEMS Shunt Switch for 5G Applications (2021)

This work reports on the design and optimization of a low voltage shunt MEMS switch for 5G mobile applications. As opposed to clamped-clamped beams conventionally serving as RF-MEMS shunt switches, the present switch design utilizes a fixed-free cantilever beam in a shunt configuration to minimize the actuation voltage requirements. Moreover, RF performance parameters (ON-state insertion loss and OFF-state signal isolation) for the proposed switch design are optimized by means of extensive high-frequency simulations to enable the use of such devices in mm-wave regime. To critically analyze the key controlling factors affecting switch performance, a parameterized study on the geometrical parameters of the proposed topology is performed. The simulations were carried out using commercially available finite element solvers (CoventorWare® and HFSS) which validate the low-voltage operation of the reported switch with actuation voltage as low as 7.5V while maintaining the RF insertion loss and RF isolation values below -0.3dB and above -36dB, respectively, for frequencies up to 45GHz.
Grounding Fault Protection Design for Small Current Based on Inverse-Time Characteristics (2018)

In order to better solve the problem of selective protection of small-current ground fault protection, a scheme for protection of small-current ground fault based on inverse time-limit characteristics is proposed. This paper firstly analyzes the characteristics of the steady-state zero-sequence current of the small-current grounding fault, and uses the characteristics that the ground capacitance current is proportional to the length of the line from the fault point to the busbar section, After a series of processing such as ROUND function selection., the operation time of the switch is obtained. This time meets the coordination of the switching time difference in the line, suitable for lines of different lengths, while solving the current transformer sensitivity and switching operation time inconsistencies and other key issues. The feasibility of this scheme was verified by ATP simulation, satisfying the requirements of selectivity and quickness.
Operation and maintenance for an all-optical transport network (1996)

For the enhancement of the existing electrical transport network a new one based on optical frequency division multiplexing (or wavelength division multiplexing) will be added to the existing one. This article focuses on the system/network supervision and operation and maintenance, which are of great importance for the success of the optical transport network. For a better understanding of these topics, it is necessary to derive a layered network model for the optical transport network and to make a workable definition of the term "network transparency." The proposed operation and maintenance concept deals with the identification of its related functions, the supervision of the optical regenerators, the maintenance signals required for failure localization, and the difficulty of defining a suitable mechanism for performance monitoring in transparent networks. Appropriate realization aspects are discussed too. Possible solutions for failure detectors are described. For transferring the individual maintenance signals between the associated network elements, a communication channel with a suitable structure is proposed.
Neonatal 6-Hydroxydopamine Administration to Mice Is Fatal (2002)

Depletion of dopamine in adult rats by treatment with the neurotoxin 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) causes severe deficits in feeding, drinking, and movement that often lead to death. However, when neonatal rats are treated similarly, they survive normally, suggesting that compensatory adaptation to dopamine depletion occurs. In contrast, dopamine-deficient mice that have a selective genetic deficiency in dopamine production die 2-4 weeks after birth. Thus, we tested the hypothesis that killing dopaminergic neurons with 6-OHDA might promote survival of dopamine-deficient mice. Body weights, motor coordination, catecholamine levels, and survival were monitored for several weeks after bilateral administrations of 6-OHDA to 3-day-old mice. Some treated mice were raised in a heated chamber to help them conserve energy. The results demonstrate that regardless of genotype or environmental temperature, bilateral neonatal 6-OHDA lesions are lethal to mice.
Improved biological insight and influence on management in indolent lymphoma. Talk 3: update on nodal and splenic marginal zone lymphoma (2017)

Splenic marginal zone lymphoma (SMZL) and nodal marginal zone lymphoma (NMZL) are rare indolent chronic B-cell lymphomas. Prognosis is typically good with median survival around 10-15 years. Management is generally based on the presence of symptoms or high tumor burden. There are no standard treatments for these 2 entities, and therapeutic strategies are rapidly evolving. Clinical developments for these 2 entities are oriented by genomic studies, with largely overlapping mutational profiles involving the NOTCH, B-cell receptor (BcR) and nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) signaling, chromatin remodeling, and the cytoskeleton. Although new therapeutic options based on targeting signaling pathways and overcoming resistance are increasingly available, few specific prospective studies are performed for these rare subtypes, limiting the conclusions that can be drawn. Novel drugs targeting B-cell signaling have shown promise, including ibrutinib and copanlisib. The second-generation oral immunomodalator (IMiD) lenalidomide showed impressive results when combined with rituximab. Other potential solutions include targeting the NF-κB, JAK/STAT, BCL2, NOTCH, and Toll-like receptor signaling pathways; however, studies in these 2 MZL entities are yet to prove a definitive benefit. Molecular profiling is now a cornerstone of diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic strategies to offer patient- and disease-specific solutions. The development of a wider range of effective targeted therapies and prognostic biomarkers is keenly awaited and is expected to strongly affect the natural history of SMZL and NMZL.
Étiologies et orientation diagnostique devant un flush (2013)

The flush is a transient and recurrent erythema of the upper region of the body, due to a sudden arterial dilatation. First, physicians should confirm the flush and ascertain the location and timing of skin manifestations. The rapid onset and location of the skin rash to the face and anterior chest are the main characteristics of flush. In most of the cases, the flush is emotional, but this should remain a diagnosis of exclusion, as flush may be the presenting manifestation of many systemic or neoplastic disorders. Therefore, a comprehensive diagnostic work-up is necessary, including clinical, biological, and imaging testing. Neoplastic and endocrine causes of flush include VIPoma, carcinoid syndrome, medullary thyroid cancer, mastocytosis, renal cell carcinoma, and pheochromocytoma. Mast cell activation syndrome has been recently described, but it remains a diagnosis of exclusion. This review will first present the different causes of flush, and then will propose a diagnostic algorithm for the physician.
Fast MAC-Layer Scanning in IEEE 802.11 Fixed Relay Radio Access Networks (2006)

Mobile real-time services require wireless networks with low handoff latencies. This paper focuses on the handoffrelated MAC-Layer scanning latencies in IEEE 802.11- based Fixed Relay Radio Access Networks (FRRAN). The IEEE 802.11 scanning procedure is known to have latencies of 300 to 550 ms, which exceeds the requirements of real-time applications like Voice over IP (VoIP) by far. Previous solutions for this problem have only focused on the IEEE 802.11 infrastructure mode. However, the IEEE 802.11 ad-hoc mode is a better basis for FRRANs because it enables mobile nodes to use all relays in range, e.g. for load balancing purposes, instead of being associated to a single access point only as in infrastructure mode. Therefore, we present a novel fast-scan concept for IEEE 802.11 ad-hoc-mode-based FRRANs. The key idea is to answer MAC-layer probe requests by IP-based probe responses, which are sent back to a scanning node via the FRRAN infrastructure. The benefit of this cross-layer concept is that scanning nodes can return to their current channel quickly and can continue to send and receive normal data packets while awaiting the IP-based probe responses. We implemented our solution for commodity IEEE 802.11 hardware and could reduce scanning latencies to 70 to 80 ms.
Dialogue on a superconducting laser operating via nonequilibrium inversed population (2020)

In nonequilibrium states, the entropy is reduced from its maximum thermodynamic equilibrium value by virtue of an external energy supply. Such states are characterized by a higher ordering compared to the equilibrium. Human beings represent the highest level of nonequilibrium state, at least in the known part of the Universe. Other physical systems are also well-known, for example, quantum generators, e.g., lasers. Their operation requires a high level of deviation from equilibrium called inverse population. In turn, states out of equilibrium require energy influx for their maintenance, i.e., they should be open systems. In this short review we describe in the form of dialogue between Prof. A. M. Gulian and his younger colleagues Dr. Rajendra Dulal, Dr. Serafim Teknowijoyo and Dr. Sara Chahid the task of achieving inverse population in superconductors. Then, the dialogue moves towards experimental consequences that nonequilibrium superconductors can yield. These include topics related with deeper understanding of mechanisms of superconductivity in novel materials, in particular related to the “glue” which pairs electrons in Cooper pairs. Such understanding will facilitate development of Bose-field quantum generators like lasers, and coherent acoustic as well as paramagnon quantum sources, none of which are yet realized in nonequilibrium superconductors.
Conversion of menthyl acetate or neomenthyl acetate into menthol or neomenthol by cell suspension cultures of Mentha canadensis and Mentha piperita (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleConversion of menthyl acetate or neomenthyl acetate into menthol or neomenthol by cell suspension cultures of Mentha canadensis and Mentha piperitaUte. Werrmann and Dietrich. KnorrCite this: J. Agric. Food Chem. 1993, 41, 3, 517–520Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1993https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00027a032RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views196Altmetric-Citations16LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (1 MB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Effects of a PEG additive on the biomolecular interactions of self-assembled dendron nanostructures (2012)

The ability of self-assembling multivalent DNA-binding dendrons to interact with biological targets is modified by co-assembly with two novel low-molecular-weight cholesterol-functionalised PEG units, one based on triethylene glycol (Chol-PEG-3) and one on an octaethylene glycol (Chol-PEG-8). The addition of either PEG lipid affected the co-assembled nanostructure surface charge and size in different ways depending on the structure of the self-assembling DNA-binding dendron. Co-assembly with Chol-PEG-8 enhanced DNA binding, while Chol-PEG-3 inhibited it. Insertion of Chol-PEG-8 into the aggregates modified their ability to cross a model mucus layer, the details of which can be understood in terms of a balance between the mucoadhesivity due to the surface charge of the nanoscale aggregates and that due to the PEG groups. This study demonstrates that the interaction of nanoscale assemblies with biological systems depends on a number of different factors in a sometimes unpredictable way. Given how simply multiple building blocks can be combined by self-assembly, we conclude that self-assembled multivalent systems have great potential for optimisation to maximise their biological and clinical activity.
Using a Remote Sensing-Supported Hydro-Agroecological Model for Field-Scale Simulation of Heterogeneous Crop Growth and Yield: Application for Wheat in Central Europe (2015)

The challenge of converting global agricultural food, fiber and energy crop cultivation into an ecologically and economically sustainable production process requires the most efficient agricultural management strategies. Development, control and maintenance of these strategies are highly dependent on temporally and spatially continuous information on crop status at the field scale. This paper introduces the application of a process-based, coupled hydro-agroecological model (PROMET) for the simulation of temporally and spatially dynamic crop growth on agriculturally managed fields. By assimilating optical remote sensing data into the model, the simulation of spatial crop dynamics is improved to a point where site-specific farming measures can be supported. Radiative transfer modeling (SLC) is used to provide maps of leaf area index from Earth Observation (EO). These maps are used in an assimilation scheme that selects closest matches between EO and PROMET ensemble runs. Validation is provided for winter wheat (years 2004, 2010 and 2011). Field samples validate the temporal dynamics of the simulations (avg. R² = 0.93) and &gt; 700 ha of calibrated combine harvester data are used for accuracy assessment of the spatial yield simulations (avg. RMSE = 1.15 t∙ha−1). The study shows that precise simulation of field-scale crop growth and yield is possible, if spatial remotely sensed information is combined with temporal dynamics provided by land surface process models. The presented methodology represents a technical solution to make the best possible use of the growing stream of EO data in the context of sustainable land surface management.
Follicle-Stimulating Hormone and the Regulation of Testosterone Secretion in Rabbit Testes (1971)

Regulation of testosterone secretion is presumably mediated by interstitial cell-stimulating hormone (ICSH). However, there is little information on the actions of other chemical messengers in regulating testosterone secretion. We have shown that follicle-stimulating hormone augments testosterone secretion stimuated by ICSH in rabbit testes perfused in vitro with an artificial medium.