gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cytochalasin D restores nuclear size acting on F-actin and IZUMO1 localization in low-quality spermatozoa (2023)

In spermatozoa, the nuclear F-actin supports the acroplaxome, a subacrosomal structure involved in the correct exposure of several acrosomal membrane proteins; among them, the glycoprotein IZUMO1 is the major protein involved in sperm-oocyte fusion. Nuclear F-actin is also involved in sperm head shaping and chromosome compartmentalization. To date, few notions regarding the bivalent role of F-actin on sperm chromatin organization and IZUMO1 positioning have been reported. In our work, we characterized subcellular organization of F-actin in human high- and low-quality spermatozoa (A- and B-SPZ), respectively, showing that F-actin over-expression in sperm head of B-SPZ affected IZUMO1 localization. A correct IZUMO1 repositioning following in <i>vitro</i> induction of F-actin depolymerization, by cytochalasin D treatment, occurred. Interestingly, F-actin depolymerization was also associated with a correct acrosome repositioning, thus to favor a proper acrosome reaction onset, with changes in sperm nuclear size parameters and histone acetylation rate reaching high-quality conditions. In conclusion, the current work shows a key role of F-actin in the control of IZUMO1 localization as well as chromatin remodeling and acetylation events.
Pyridazine Derivatives, VIII1): Synthesis and Antihypertensive Activity of 6‐(2‐Thienyl)‐5‐aminomethyl‐3‐hydrazino‐pyridazines (1991)

Abstract We describe the synthesis by standard procedures of several 6‐(2‐thienyl)‐5‐aminomethyl‐3‐hydrazinopyridazines, and their α 1 ‐blocking activity in isolated rat aorta and hypotensive effects in normotensive rats.
Phase Transformation of GeO2Glass to Nanocrystals under Ambient Conditions (2018)

Theoretically, the accomplishment of phase transformation requires sufficient energy to overcome the barriers of structure rearrangements. The transition of an amorphous structure to a crystalline structure is implemented traditionally by heating at high temperatures. However, phase transformation under ambient condition without involving external energy has not been reported. Here, we demonstrate that the phase transformation of GeO<sub>2</sub> glass to nanocrystals can be triggered at ambient conditions when subjected to aqueous environments. In this case, continuous chemical reactions between amorphous GeO<sub>2</sub> and water are responsible for the amorphous-to-crystalline transition. The dynamic evolution process is monitored by using in situ liquid-cell transmission electron microscopy, clearly revealing this phase transformation. It is the hydrolysis of amorphous GeO<sub>2</sub> that leads to the formation of clusters with a size of ∼0.4 nm, followed by the development of dense liquid clusters, which subsequently aggregate to facilitate the nucleation and growth of GeO<sub>2</sub> nanocrystals. Our finding breaks the traditional understanding of phase transformation and will bring about a significant revolution and contribution to the classical glass-crystallization theories.
Crustal stress and tectonics in Norwegian regions determined from earthquake focal mechanisms (2000)

Abstract A database of 109 earthquake focal mechanisms for Scandinavia and Svalbard has been compiled, comprising 29 new solutions. Stress directions extracted from these earthquake focal mechanisms have been calculated for southeastern and southwestern Norway, the Norwegian Sea and the Barents-Finnmark region. The principal horizontal stress is c. N45°W, and indicates a clockwise rotation as one moves from south to north, in accordance with stress trajectories that can be expected from ridge push. The data indicate that in southern Norway normal faulting regimes are more dominant in onshore regions, whereas thrust faulting dominates the offshore seismic activity. Offshore mid-Norway a preference for normal faulting is also found, whereas the shallow earthquakes in Finnmark, northern Norway, are all reverse. Focal depth distributions were studied in the northern North Sea region, revealing substantial differences with depths in the range 5–30 km.
Polarimetrie ground-to-ground and ground-to-air channel characterization in forest environment (2017)

The precise localization of an injured person in a forest environment can be made owing to his cell phone by deploying a dedicated direction finding equipment in the search zone and placed onboard either a vehicle or a drone. The localization accuracy being strongly dependent on the propagation channel characteristics, measurements have been carried out with a MIMO channel sounder at a center frequency of 1.35 GHz and with an 80 MHz bandwidth. Each array element is a dual-polarized patch antenna allowing a multidimensional polarimetric estimation of the channel. The receiving array is below or over the canopy when onboard a vehicle or at different altitudes when onboard a drone. Path loss, delay spread and coherence bandwidth are studied for different relative orientations of the antennas, including co- and cross-polarization configurations. Directions of arrival of the rays are deduced from the MIMO matrix owing to a high resolution algorithm.
Metodología y aplicabilidad de las encuestas seroepidemiológicas (2009)

Seroepidemiological surveys can be defined as seroepidemiological studies carried out in population samples to investigate immunity levels against vaccinable and not vaccinable diseases. The objective of this paper is to present the methodology and applicability of serological surveys. Problems related to seroepidemiological surveys in immigrant population are also discussed. Seroepideniological surveys should be developed in representative samples of the population, determining the sample size taking into account the sample error and precision that should be obtained for population parameters. It is necessary to develop an adequate questionnaire to collect sociodemographical and medical information from all participants. Serological tests should sensitive and specific. Seroepidemiological surveys can be used assess immunity levels in different population groups, and to detect sociodemographical and medical variables associated with the immunity, vaccination and infectious diseases.
A partition-based approach for identifying failing scan cells in scan-BIST with applications to system-on-chip fault diagnosis (2003)

We present a new partition-based fault diagnosis technique for identifying failing scan cells in a scan-BIST environment. This approach relies on a two-step scan chain partitioning scheme. In the first step, an interval-based partitioning scheme is used to generate a small number of partitions, where each element of a partition consists of a set of scan cells. In the second step, additional partitions are created using an earlier-proposed random-selection partitioning method. Two-step partitioning leads to higher diagnostic resolution than a scheme that relies only on random-selection partitioning, with only a small amount of additional hardware. The proposed scheme is especially suitable for a system-on-chip (SOC) composed of multiple embedded cores, where test access is provided by means of a TestRail that is threaded through the internal scan chains of the embedded cores. We present experimental results for the six largest ISCAS-89 benchmark circuits and for two SOCs crafted from some of the ISCAS-89 circuits.
Coronary spasm secondary to cefuroxime injection, complicated with cardiogenic shock – a manifestation of Kounis syndrome: case report and literature review (2017)

Kounis syndrome is defined as the coincidental occurrence of an acute coronary syndrome with hypersensitivity reactions following an allergic event. The three reported variants of Kounis syndrome are vasospastic allergic angina, allergic myocardial infarction and stent thrombosis with occluding thrombus. The syndrome is caused by various inflammatory mediators. The pathophysiological characteristics of Kounis syndrome involve coronary artery spasm and/or atheromatous plaque erosion or rupture during an allergic reaction. Several causes have been described to induce Kounis syndrome, and their number is increasing rapidly. The haemodynamic effect of the syndrome complicated by cardiogenic shock seems to combine allergic shock with extensive peripheral vasodilation and myocardial suppression with the characteristics of cardiogenic shock. Treatment of Kounis syndrome is challenging because it needs management of both cardiac and allergic manifestation simultaneously. We present a case report of type I Kounis syndrome, with coronary spasm secondary to cefuroxime injection complicated with cardiogenic shock. A brief review of the literature on the various facets of this condition is also provided.
Low temperature vacuum annealing study of (Co∕Pd)n magnetic multilayers (2008)

The correlation between the magnetic properties and the microstructural and chemical composition modifications of Co∕Pd magnetic multilayers upon annealing in ultrahigh vacuum at 250°C is presented. Magnetic characterization using magnetic sample magnetometer shows the vertical magnetic anisotropy increase and the switching field distribution decrease in the annealed samples. The larger values of magnetic anisotropy in the annealed samples are further shown using the magnetic force microscopy of the ac demagnetized states in the Co∕Pd multilayer films. X-ray diffraction rocking curves show an improvement in the texture and the initial magnetization curve slopes indicate the decreases in defect densities. Overall, vacuum annealing under optimal conditions improves the magnetic properties of Co∕Pd multilayers for applications in ultrahigh density magnetic recording.
The Variations of S-adenosyl-L-methionine Content Modulate Hepatocyte Growth During Phenobarbital Promotion of Diethylnitrosamine-Induced Rat Liver Carcinogenesis (1987)

A decrease in liver S-adenosyl-L-methionine (SAM) content and an increase in ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) activity occurred between the 2nd and the 5th week after starting 2-acetylaminofluorene (AAF) feeding in diethylnitrosamine (DENA)-initiated rats. These rats then received a 0.05% phenobarbital (PB)-containing diet for 18 weeks after the end of AAF feeding. Two weeks after starting AAF, an increase in the hepatocyte labeling index (LI) also occurred in gamma-glutamyl-transpeptidase (GGT)-positive foci and surrounding tissue. LI returned to control values in a few days in surrounding tissue, while it remained high for at least 4 weeks in the foci. Analogous changes were observed, but for a shorter period of time, in the rats subjected to partial hepatectomy (PH) plus AAF, in which no GGT-positive foci developed. Twenty-four weeks after starting AAF, 30% of the liver was occupied by visible nodules. ODC activity and LI were high and SAM was low in nodules, but they were near to control values in surrounding liver. SAM administration reconstituted the liver SAM pool, inhibited ODC activity, and prevented visible nodule development. SAM inhibition of ODC activity occurred in vitro only after preincubation with liver homogenate and was enhanced by adenine, an inhibitor of methylthioadenosine (MTA) phosphorylase. MTA addition to the reaction of mixture for ODC determination was inhibitory. The SAM decrease in both liver and nodules was coupled with a decrease of MTA content. SAM administration caused MTA accumulation in the liver. It is suggested that liver SAM content by influencing MTA level, could be a rate-limiting factor for growth and promotion, through a modulation of polyamine synthesis.
LONG LIFE CLOSED LOOP MHD RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT UNIT. Interim Scientific Report No. 6, June 15-September 15, 1963 (1964)

The effect of wall friction and heat transfer on magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) devices was examined, and the key parameters affecting the efficiency are given. A Reynold's analogy was used to study the effect of heat transfer. Photoionization was proposed as a means of ionizing the gas in the MHD duct. An experiment was devised to measure the electrical conductivity of a Cs vapor that is ionized by ultra-violet radiation from commercial mercury lamps. Using the ultra-violet radiation from two H-4 100 watt mercury lamps, an electrical conductivity of approximately 10/sup -2/ mho/m was measured for a Cs pressure of 10/sup -2/ torr. Calculations indicate that ambipolar diffusion is the dominating electron-ion pair loss mechanism. Therefore, the measured electrical conductivity may be larger than the measured value if this loss mechanism is retarded. (auth)
The effect of sample freezing on proton magic‐angle spinning NMR spectra of biological tissue (1998)

Magic-angle spinning (MAS) has recently been shown to enhance spectral resolution in NMR examinations of intact biological tissue ex vivo. This work demonstrates that freezing certain tissue samples before examination by 1H MAS NMR can have a marked effect on their spectra. Spectra of rat kidney after freezing in liquid nitrogen, compared with spectra before freezing, showed a significant increase in signal intensities from alanine (>100%), glutamine (>40%), and glycine (>100%), and a decrease in signals assigned to lipids and other macromolecules. Some resonances--such as from leucine, valine, isoleucine, and aspartate--only became visible after freezing the tissue. These observations suggest that low temperature storage of tissue necropsies or biopsies might affect the results of a MAS NMR analysis, possibly resulting in the misinterpretation of metabolite changes to pathogen or disease effects.
Age-Related Changes in Responsiveness of the Rat Aorta to Depolarizing and Receptor-Mediated Contractile Stimuli and to Calcium Antagonism1 (1987)

This study was undertaken to determine the relative age-dependent responsiveness of the rat aorta to depolarizing (potassium) and receptor-activating (norepinephrine) contractile stimulants, and to the calcium antagonists propyl-methylenedioxyindene (pr-MDI) and nifedipine. Pr-MDI exhibits intracellular calcium antagonistic and calcium channel blocking properties in this tissue, while nifedipine acts principally as a calcium channel blocker. Thoracic strips from young (4-6 months old) and senescent (22-23 months old) Fischer F344 rats were contracted with KCl (10-60 mmol/l) or norepinephrine (10(-9)-5 X 10(-6) mol/l). Aortae from old rats were significantly more sensitive to norepinephrine than aortae from young rats, while the reverse was observed for KCl. Pr-MDI (10(-5)-10(-4) mol/l) significantly relaxed the aortic contractions induced by norepinephrine (10(-7) mol/l, a nondepolarizing concentration producing 88% of maximum response in young and old aortae) and by KCl (50 mmol/l, a depolarizing concentration producing 96% of maximum response in young and old aortae). However, there were no age-related differences in sensitivity to the relaxant effects of pr-MDI against either stimulant. Pr-MDI was more effective in relaxing KCl-induced contractions than those induced by norepinephrine. Similar results were obtained with nifedipine (10(-10)-10(-6) mol/l). These results indicate that senescence of the rat aorta is accompanied by an enhanced responsiveness of adrenergic alpha-receptor-mediated contraction, a reduced responsiveness to depolarizing stimuli, and no change in sensitivity to calcium antagonism.
The Insula Mediates Access to Awareness of Visual Stimuli Presented Synchronously to the Heartbeat (2016)

There is growing evidence that interoceptive signals conveying information regarding the internal state of the body influence perception and self-awareness. The insular cortex, which receives sensory inputs from both interoceptive and exteroceptive sources, is thought to integrate these multimodal signals. This study shows that cardiac interoceptive signals modulate awareness for visual stimuli such that visual stimuli occurring at the cardiac frequency take longer to access visual awareness and are more difficult to discriminate. Two fMRI experiments show that the insular region is sensitive to this cardio-visual synchrony even when the visual stimuli are rendered invisible through interocular masking. The results indicate a perceptual and neural suppression for visual events coinciding with cardiac interoceptive signals.
Atypical Imaging of Hemorrhagic Lumbosacral Myxopapillary Ependymoma with Histopathological Correlation: A Case Report (2020)

BACKGROUND Spinal myxopapillary ependymoma (MPE) is a slow-growing tumor arising from ependymal cells of the central nervous system. MPE rarely presents with acute neurological compromise and most commonly occur in the filum terminale or conus medullaris region. To date, only a few cases have been reported of patients presenting acutely because of hemorrhagic MPE. CASE REPORT A 16-year-old boy without previous medical problems presented with a sudden onset of severe pain in the low back radiating to the thighs. He could not walk owing to the severity of the pain. Neurological examination revealed an unsteady gait, but the rest of the motor and sensory examination was normal. Lumbosacral spine magnetic resonance imaging revealed an intradural hemorrhagic mass extending from L5 to S2. The encapsulated hemorrhagic tumor was resected, and the pathology was consistent with MPE grade I. The patient made a significant recovery postoperatively. It is extremely rare for MPE to present with spontaneous hemorrhage in the lumbosacral region. Prompt diagnosis and management led to a favorable outcome. This case report is intended to highlight the atypical presentation and imaging features of hemorrhagic MPE. CONCLUSIONS We described a rare case of MPE in the lumbosacral region of a patient who presented with acute neurological compromise and atypical imaging features.
Simultaneous variable flip angle–actual flip angle imaging method for improved accuracy and precision of three‐dimensional T1 and B1 measurements (2011)

A new time-efficient and accurate technique for simultaneous mapping of T(1) and B(1) is proposed based on a combination of the actual flip angle (FA) imaging and variable FA methods. Variable FA-actual FA imaging utilizes a single actual FA imaging and one or more spoiled gradient-echo acquisitions with a simultaneous nonlinear fitting procedure to yield accurate T(1)/B(1) maps. The advantage of variable FA-actual FA imaging is high accuracy at either short T(1) times or long repetition times in the actual FA imaging sequence. Simulations show this method is accurate to 0.03% in FA and 0.07% in T(1) for ratios of repetition time to T1 time over the range of 0.01-0.45. We show for the case of brain imaging that it is sufficient to use only one small FA spoiled gradient-echo acquisition, which results in reduced spoiling requirements and a significant scan time reduction compared to the original variable FA method. In vivo validation yielded high-quality 3D T(1) maps and T(1) measurements within 10% of previously published values and within a clinically acceptable scan time. The variable FA-actual FA imaging method will increase the accuracy and clinical feasibility of many quantitative MRI methods requiring T(1)/B(1) mapping such as dynamic contrast enhanced perfusion and quantitative magnetization transfer imaging.
Erratum: ‘‘Large-area, single-transverse-mode semiconductor laser with diffraction-limited super-Gaussian output’’ [Appl. Phys. Lett. 66, 1614 (1995)] (1995)

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Spectral Transmittance and Reflectance of Excised Human Skin (1956)

Using the absolute method of goniometric spectrophotometry, the diffuse reflectance and transmittance of excised white and Negro skin have been measured in the spectral region 0.55–2.4 μ. Skin specimens were obtained fresh and maintained hydrated in cold moist chambers during experimentation. Skin thicknesses from 0.3 to 2.0 mm were studied for each skin specimen. Complete goniometric summations of the transmitted and reflected energy were made at wavelengths 0.55, 0.70, 0.95, 1.23, 1.68 and 2.20 μ. Computations of absorption coefficients for the skin were made for each of these wavelengths. Intermediate values were obtained by interpolation. In the spectral range of wavelengths 1–2.4 μ, white and Negro skin have essentially the same optical characteristics. Except for absorption due to water content and scattering, skin appears to be almost nonabsorbing in this region. In the spectral range 0.55–1 μ, skin pigments alter the optical characteristics of the skin by increasing the absorptance of radiation in the most superficial layers. Submitted on February 8, 1956
Entropy fluctuation ordering mediate DNA unravelling - a surprising revelation from microfluidic cantilever dissipation dynamics (2018)

A double-stranded DNA unravels thermally through intermediate denatured bubble segments. Intrinsically, fluctuations ensue at the bubble boundaries from non-equilibrium (NE) energy exchanges with the environment. However, such details gets obscured by large population kinetics at the macroscale, associating equilibrium pathway to the unravelling landscape. In this work, we capture evidence of fluctuation energetics with picoliter samples in a microfluidic cantilever. We exploit nanomechanical resonance to measure the NE energy exchanges through dissipation, revealing a crucial pre-melting transition at T~42C . This signifies that unravelling possibly proceeds via intermediate collapsed-bubble conformations releasing energy, sufficient to unbind bubble ends, assisting further unbinding. Fluctuation theorem explains the observations opening further avenues to investigate fluctuation kinetics in other biological phenomena that also proceed through similar NE energetics.
The effects of 10 weeks of β-alanine supplementation on peak power, power drop, and lactate response in Korean national team boxers (2018)

This study was designed to investigate the effects of β-alanine (BA) supplementation on peak power, power drop, and lactate response in elite male amateur boxers. Nineteen male Korean national team boxers were divided into groups with either BA (n=9) or placebo (PL, n=10) supplementation. BA consumed 4.9-5.4 g/day of BA with training for 10 weeks and PL took PL in a similar manner. Physical fitness and lactate changes in sparring were measured before and after the 10-week intervention. Significant interactions (<i>P</i><0.05) were shown for lower body peak power (<i>P</i>=0.049) and upper body power drop (<i>P</i>=0.042). Positive effects for the BA group were shown for lower body peak power (Cohen <i>d</i>=0.72; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.09-1.35) and the maintenance of upper body power output (<i>d</i>=-0.91; 95% CI, -1.61 to -0.17). These findings suggest that Korean national amateur boxers who consumed BA demonstrated differential responses following a training intervention in specific physical fitness when compared to boxing athletes who consumed a PL.