gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Image Permanence of Ink Jet Print System for Portrait (2002)

Thanks to the improved technology with high quality in high speed and to competitive prices of mega-pixel digital cameras and high resolution scanners, color ink jet printers have popularly filtered into our daily life. We expect that the color ink jet printers, both in professional and high amateur markets, will take an important role to pull the digital photographic industry.With this background, Seiko Epson Corporation has developed the portrait printer &#x201C;Gemini&#x201D; system. With a set of 6 pigmented inks, this system enables us to print on ink jet media with high quality and with very good image permanence and to use them as commercial photographs.In this report, I will explain the good stability of ink jet media printed by the Gemini system focusing especially on light and gas that are believed to be the more important factors than water, heat, humidity and plasticizer.
Sweet taste and solution properties of α,α‐trehalose (1995)

Abstract α,α‐Trehalose, a naturally occurring non‐reducing disaccharide (α, D‐glucopyranosyl 1–1 α‐D‐glucopyranoside) is investigated by solution parameters and sensorial effects. Interactions between α, α‐trehalose and water give rise to hydration effects which are measurable by intrinsic viscosity [ n ], apparent specific volume V ° 2 , and NMR relaxation times. Water‐solute interactions are prime determinants of taste qualities. An interpretation of sweetness intensity and persistence of α,α‐trehalose is therefore offered, based on its solution properties and its effect on water structure. From the results, it appears that α,α‐trehalose undergoes a better packing among water molecules than other sugars. α,α‐Trehalose is found to be less sweet but more persistent than sucrose, fructose, glucose or maltose.
Active cloaking of flexural waves in thin plates (2015)

An active cloak consists of a set of discrete multipole sources distributed in space. When the source positions and amplitudes are carefully specified the active field destructively interferes with an incident time harmonic wave so as to nullify the total field in some finite domain and ensure that in the farfield only the incident wave is present, i.e. the active field is non-radiating. Here it is shown how to efficiently determine the source coefficients explicitly in the context of flexural waves in thin plates. The work is carried out in the context of Kirchhoff plate theory, using the Rayleigh-Green theorem to derive the unique source amplitudes for a given incident flexural wave.
Supercritical Fluid Extraction- Process Simulation and Design (1987)

Supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) currently finds application in&#13;\nthe food and petroleum industries. Research is aimed at using&#13;\nthe unique properties of supercritical fluids to perform&#13;\nindustrially significant separations. One major problem in&#13;\napplication of SFE to separations is the lack of simulation/design&#13;\nexperience for these processes. The work of the Separations&#13;\nResearch Program at the University of Texas involves both the&#13;\ndevelopment of fundamental models and design procedures so&#13;\nthat industry can better design separations processes.&#13;\nThis paper will briefly discuss the previous experimental work&#13;\ndone in the area of SFE, the experimental system and equipment&#13;\ncurrently being used at the University of Texas to study SFE and&#13;\nour first attempt to simulate this process using our own&#13;\nexperimental data. In our case study, we will use data taken&#13;\nfrom one experimental run to simulate process flows, energy&#13;\nrequirements and process conditions when separating isopropyl&#13;\nalcohol (IPA) from water employing supercritical carbon dioxide&#13;\nas the solvent. The SFE process is modeled using a&#13;\ncommercially available computer process simulation program&#13;\nprovided by Simulation Sciences, Inc. As might be expected,&#13;\nvery little is known about the liquid-liquid and vapor-liquid&#13;\nequilibrium for multicomponent systems at high and supercritical&#13;\npressures where there is a high degree of liquid phase non-ideality.&#13;\nExperimental data was used to specify separations&#13;\nwhere this data is currently unavailable. In addition, a standard&#13;\ndata generation package was utilized from the process simulator&#13;\nto calculate this data where applicable conditions were met.
Film Cooling in a High-Pressure Subscale Combustion Chamber (2010)

By the application of film cooling in addition to regenerative cooling, a considerable reduction in thermal and structural loads of rocket combustion-chamber walls can be reached. This paper discusses important influence parameters on film cooling in terms of efficiency of the injected film and wall temperature reduction. For the experimental investigations a high-pressure subscale combustion chamber operated with the cryogenic propellant combination LOX=GH2 was used. A gaseous film with ambient tempered hydrogen was injected in the axial direction at the face plate. Typical film-cooling parameters such as film blowing rate, velocity ratio between film injection velocity and hot-gas velocity, circumferential slot positioning, and film injection slot height were investigated systematically at the European Research and Technology Test Facility P8.
Myocardial function after polarizing versus depolarizing cardiac arrest with blood cardioplegia in a porcine model of cardiopulmonary bypass (2016)

Polarizing oxygenated blood cardioplegia with esmolol/adenosine/magnesium offers comparable myocardial protection and improves contractility compared with the standard potassium-based depolarizing blood cardioplegia.
Smart Grid: Advanced Electricity Distribution Network (2012)

The Smart Grid concept is conceived as a means to optimize the operation and to improve the reliability of the electric delivery system. As environmental concerns and energy consumption continue to increase, utilities are looking at cost effective strategies for improved network operation and consumer consumption. Smart Grid is a collection of next generation power delivery concepts that includes new power delivery components, control and monitoring throughout the power grid and more informed customer options. A "smart grid" leverages digital technology to improve reliability, security, transparency, connectivity, interoperability, and efficiency. It enables information collection and communication throughout the system, from generation to transmission and distribution to end users. The Smart Grid can't be reduced to a simple formula. The broadest interpretation sees the electric industry transformed by the introduction of two-way communications and ubiquitous metering and measurement. It will enable creation of more reliable, more efficient and more secure electrical infrastructure.
Discussant response to ‘Mirroring the voice from Garcia to the present day: Some insights into singing voice registers’ (2006)

PEVOC6 took as its theme 'Mirroring the Voice' to mark the occasion, 150 years before, of Manuel Garcia's publication in London of his work on the singing voice using what is now called, following him, a laryngoscope. This also was the special theme of the final plenary session contribution to the Conference by Nathalie Henrich--but with particular reference to singing voice registers. Her paper and conference presentation have two complementary parts. The first gives an overview of the development of the ideas that have their roots in Garcia's work; the second concentrates on modern developments and attempts to provide an acceptable path to the working definition of the concept of register and to give a basis for the taxonomic description of register types.
Personalized Chatbot Trustworthiness Ratings (2020)

This article contains examples of offensive and abusive language as a necessary part of illustrating its research findings. In this article, we address a setting where a conversation agent, also known as a chatbot, cannot be modified and its training data cannot be accessed, and yet a neutral party wants to assess and communicate its trustworthiness to a user in a way that is tailored to the user's priorities over the various trust issues (such as bias, abusive language, information leakage, or inappropriate communication complexity). Such a rating can help users choose among alternative chatbots, developers test their systems, business leaders price their offerings, and regulators set policies. We describe a chatbot rating methodology that relies on separate rating modules for each trust issue, and on users' priority orderings among the relevant trust issues, to generate an aggregate personalized rating for the trustworthiness of a chatbot. The method is independent of the specific trust issues and is parametric to the aggregation procedure, thereby allowing for seamless generalization. We illustrate its general use, integrate it with a live chatbot, and evaluate it on four dialog datasets and representative user profiles, validated with a user survey.
Plant Histochemistry: A Versatile and Indispensible Tool in Localization of Gene Expression, Enzymes, Cytokines, Secondary Metabolites and Detection of Plants Infection and Pollution (2019)

Plants are sources of active metabolites used in medicine and primary sources for isolation of natural products. The medicinal properties of plants are due to the presence of secondary metabolites, including flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins, and saponins, which are of great importance because they possess significant biological activities and the particular active constituents of many crude drugs are still unknown. Histochemical studies are used to confirm identification of cellular and tissue chemical components (secondary metabolites). Histochemical methods are employed in the identification, density of accumulation and distribution of chemical compounds within biological cells and tissues in different organs under microscopes using the color-stain reaction technique and photographic recording. These include the preparation of fixed variably stained specimens and then the examination under the microscopic devices. It is successfully applied in detection and localization of cellular components of active cell constituents such as proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic acids, and a range of ionic elements occurring in the cell solutions, in addition to identifying the characterization of secretory structures and the chemical nature of the secreted compounds. The methods played a role in describing and tracing the ultrastructure development during different plant growth stages so as the genetic bases of plant physiological and biochemical processes could be further elucidated. Histochemistry is the branch of histology dealing with the identification of chemical components of cells and tissues. Starch deposition occurs widely in the plant body, but the particularly common places of its accumulation are seeds, the parenchyma of the secondary vascular tissues in the stem and root, tubers, rhizomes and corn [1]. Starch and proteins are the principal ergastic substances of the protoplast [2]. Tannin is the heterogeneous group of phenol derivatives, usually related to glucosides. Tannins are particularly abundant in the leaves (xylem) of many plants [3]. Saponins are the rare occurrence. Fats are widely distributed in the plant body and they probably occur in small amount in every plant cell [4]. Fats are common reserve material inseeds, spores and embryos in meristematic cells. Glucosides are the degradation product of the carbohydrates. Alkaloids are the degradation product of protein. Many plants contain medicinally important secondary product [5].
Aperture Arrays for the SKA: Dense or Sparse? (2006)

We briefly consider some design aspects of aperture arrays for use in radio astronomy, particularly contrasting the performance of dense and sparse aperture arrays. Recent insights have emerged in the final design phase of LOFAR which suggest that sparse aperture arrays have the best prospects for cost-effective performance at radio frequencies below about 500 MHz; exceeding those of both dense aperture arrays and parabolic reflectors by an order of magnitude. Very attractive performance, of 10,000 - 20,000 m2/K, can be achieved with a sparse design that covers the 70 - 700 MHz range with two antenna systems that share receiver resources. Cost-effective systems of this type represent only a modest increment in system complexity over that being deployed in LOFAR and are achievable with today's technology.
Alcoholic fermentation of raw cassava starch by Rhizopus koji without cooking (1984)

Using only wheat bran koji from the Rhizopus strain, raw cassava starch and cassava pellets converted reasonably well to alcohol (ethanol) without cooking at 35 degrees C and pH 4.5-5.0. When the initial broth contained 30 g raw cassava starch, 10 g Rhizopus sp. koji, and 100 mL tap water, 12.1 g of alcohol was recovered by final distillation from fermented broth. In this case, 12.1 g alcohol corresponds to an 85.5% conversion rate based on the theoretical values of the starch content. When the initial broth contained 40 g cassava starch, 14.1 g of alcohol was recovered, where 14.1 g corresponds to a 74.5% conversion rate. The alcoholic fermentation process described in the present work is considered more effective and reasonable than the process using raw starch without cooking reported until now, since the new process makes it unnecessary to add yeast cells and glucoamylase preparation.
Thio-sugars. Part 1. 4-Thiotetrose derivatives via Pummerer rearrangement (1976)

A number of 4-thiotetrose derivatives have been prepared by Pummerer rearrangement of esters of thiolan-3,4-diol 1-oxides. This synthesis illustrates the key step in a general scheme for the elaboration of glycosides and nucleosides containing sulphur in the sugar ring. In using non-sugar starting materials, it differs from other methods of obtaining these compounds. Several esters have been studied, and the protecting and directing properties of the phenylboronate function were found especially useful. The stereochemistry of the Pummerer rearrangement products is discussed, and the bicyclic phenylboronate and carbonate systems are compared. Many of the reactions are of great preparative value. The S-oxidation and rearrangement steps can be repeated, giving symmetrical bicyclic derivatives of tartaraldehyde. (Diacetoxyiodo)benzene or t-butyl perbenzoate converts esters of thiolan-3,4-diol directly into α-acyloxy-compounds, but in poor yield.
Applicability of effective medium description to photonic crystals in higher bands: Theory and numerical analysis (2016)

We consider conditions under which photonic crystals (PCs) can be homogenized in the higher photonic bands and, in particular, near the $\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Gamma}}$ point. By homogenization we mean introducing some effective local parameters ${\ensuremath{\epsilon}}_{\mathrm{eff}}$ and ${\ensuremath{\mu}}_{\mathrm{eff}}$ that describe reflection, refraction, and propagation of electromagnetic waves in the PC adequately. The parameters ${\ensuremath{\epsilon}}_{\mathrm{eff}}$ and ${\ensuremath{\mu}}_{\mathrm{eff}}$ can be associated with a hypothetical homogeneous effective medium. In particular, if the PC is homogenizable, the dispersion relations and isofrequency lines in the effective medium and in the PC should coincide to some level of approximation. We can view this requirement as a necessary condition of homogenizability. In the vicinity of a $\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Gamma}}$ point, real isofrequency lines of two-dimensional PCs can be close to mathematical circles, just like in the case of isotropic homogeneous materials. Thus, one may be tempted to conclude that introduction of an effective medium is possible and, at least, the necessary condition of homogenizability holds in this case. We, however, show that this conclusion is incorrect: complex dispersion points must be included into consideration even in the case of strictly nonabsorbing materials. By analyzing the complex dispersion relations and the corresponding isofrequency lines, we have found that two-dimensional PCs with ${C}_{4}$ and ${C}_{6}$ symmetries are not homogenizable in the higher photonic bands. We also draw a distinction between spurious $\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Gamma}}$-point frequencies that are due to Brillouin-zone folding of Bloch bands and ``true'' $\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Gamma}}$-point frequencies that are due to multiple scattering. Understanding of the physically different phenomena that lead to the appearance of spurious and ``true'' $\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Gamma}}$-point frequencies is important for the theory of homogenization.
Scalar and Vector Quantization for Learned Image Compression: A Study on the Effects of MSE and GAN Loss in Various Spaces (2020)

Recently, learned image compression by means of neural networks has experienced a performance boost by the use of adversarial loss functions. Typically, a generative adversarial network (GAN) is designed with the generator being an autoencoder with quantizer in the bottleneck for compression and reconstruction. It is well known from rate-distortion theory that vector quantizers provide lower quantization errors than scalar quantizers at the same bitrate. Still, learned image compression approaches often use scalar quantization instead. In this work we provide insights into the image reconstruction quality of the often-employed uniform scalar quantizers, non-uniform scalar quantizers, and the rarely employed but bitrate-efficient vector quantizers, all being integrated into backpropagation and operating under the exact same bitrate. Further interesting insights are obtained by our investigation of an MSE loss and a GAN loss. We show that vector quantization is always beneficial for the compression performance both in the latent space and the reconstructed image space. However, image samples demonstrate that the GAN loss produces the more pleasing reconstructed images, while the non-adversarial MSE loss provides better quality scores of various instrumental measures both in the latent space and on the reconstructed images.
Suppression of experimental colitis by intestinal mononuclear phagocytes (2006)

The contribution of innate immunity to inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) remains an area of intense interest. Macrophages (MØ) and dendritic cells (DC) are considered important factors in regulating the onset of IBD. The goal of this study was to determine if intestinal mononuclear phagocytes (iMNP) serve a pathological or protective role in dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis in mice. Using a conditional MØ/DC depletion transgenic mouse line--MØ Fas-induced apoptosis--to systemically deplete iMNP, DSS colitis histopathology was shown to be more severe in MØ/DC-depleted compared with MØ/DC-intact mice. Similarly, localized iMNP depletion by clodronate-encapsulated liposomes into C57BL/6, BALB/c, and CB.17/SCID mice also increased DSS colitis severity, as indicated by increased histopathology, weight loss, rectal bleeding, decreased stool consistency, and colon length compared with MØ/DC-intact, DSS-treated mice. Histology revealed that iMNP depletion during DSS treatment led to increased neutrophilic inflammation, increased epithelial injury, and enhanced mucin depletion from Goblet cells. iMNP depletion did not further elevate DSS-induced expression of TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma mRNA but significantly increased expression of CXCL1 chemokine mRNA. Myeloperoxidase activity was increased in colons of MØ/DC-depleted, DSS-treated mice, compared with DSS alone, coincident with increased neutrophil infiltration in diseased colons. Neutrophil depletion combined with MØ/DC depletion prevented the increase in DSS colitis severity compared with MØ/DC depletion alone. This study demonstrates that iMNP can serve a protective role during development of acute colitis and that protection is associated with MØ/DC-mediated down-regulation of neutrophil infiltration.
CLASSIFICATION OF MOVING GROUND RADAR OBJECTS BY USING BISPECTRUM-BASED FEATURES (2015)

In this paper, a novel bispectrum-based strategy applied for moving object classification by using the Doppler radar surveillance systems is proposed. Time-frequency distributions (TFDs) computed by bispectrum-based processing of signals backscattered by moving objects are used for extraction of classification features. Phase coupling contributions extracted from radar backscattering serve as the classification features contained in bispectrum-based TFDs. Coherent and homodyne Doppler radar operating at frequency of 33 GHz and continuous mode is exploited in experimental measurements. Experimental data are collected for five target classes: a single walking human, a group of walking humans, a bicyclist, a vehicle, and vegetation clutter. Classification performance of the proposed bispectrum-based automatic target recognition (ATR) radar system is examined by comparing it to the ATR systems using common energy-based TFDs. The benefits of the bispectrum-based approach are demonstrated and studied.
EVENT PROBABILITIES AND IMPACT ZONES FOR HAZARDOUS MATERIALS ACCIDENTS ON RAILROADS (1983)

Procedures are presented for evaluating the probability and impacts of hazardous material accidents in rail transportation. The significance of track class for accident frequencies and of train speed for accident severity is quantified. Special attention is given to the analysis of track-caused accidents. Quantitative estimates are provided of the amount of hazardous material released per accident, as well as of the area affected by these releases. An error analysis is made of the various probabilities.\n
A VLSI demodulator for digital RF network applications: theory and results (1990)

An all-digital demodulator/detector which is suitable for both analog FM and digital phase/frequency modulations is presented. The system uses complex sampling, which employs a single A/D (analog/digital) converter to sample the signal at an intermediate frequency (IF) and produce baseband in-phase (I) and quadrature phase (Q) signals, and a simplified technique for reducing the effect of the I/Q timing misalignment usually associated with this approach. The system also includes two detectors which operate simultaneously to provide noncoherent and differentially coherent detection, as well as automatic gain control (AGC) and automatic frequency control (AFC). The flexibility afforded by the two concurrent detectors in this all-digital system is shown to make it suitable for a wide range of applications. The theory behind the demodulator/detector system is described, and an implementation using a 1.25- mu m bulk CMOS VLSI process is presented. Methods are shown for extending and improving the I/Q sampling misalignment correction technique, as well as for reducing the A/D sampling rate for a given IF frequency. Simulation and experimental results illustrate system performance for both analog and digital modulations.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
A security system for personal genome information at DNA level (2003)

The personal information encoded in genomic DNA should not be made available to the public. With the increasing discoveries of new genes, it has become necessary to establish a security system for personal genome information. Although many security systems that are applied for electrical information in computers have been developed and established, there is no security system for information at DNA level. In this paper, we describe a new security system for information encoded within DNA. The original genomic DNA was mixed with many kinds of dummy DNAs (mixtures of natural and/or artificial DNAs) resulting in the masking of the original information. Using these dummy molecules, we succeeded to completely 'lock'the original genome information. If this information must be 'unlocked', it can be extracted and analyzed by a removal of dummy DNAs using molecular tagging techniques or by selective amplification using key primers.