gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An Efficient Routing Algorithm for Solving the Lost Link Problem of Vehicular Ad-hoc Networks (2008)

A greedy forwarding algorithm is one of the most suitable solutions for routing in vehicular ad-hoc networks. Compared to conventional routing protocols for mobile ad-hoc networks, greedy forwarding based routing protocols maintain only local information of neighbors instead of per-destination routing entries, and thus they show better performance in highly-mobile vehicular ad-hoc networks. With greedy forwarding, each node learns its geographical position and periodically broadcasts a beacon message including its position information. Based on the position information, each node selects a neighbor node located closest to the destination node as the next forwarder. One of the most serious problems in greedy forwarding is the lost link problem due to the mobility of nodes. In this paper, we propose a new algorithm to reduce the lost link problem. The proposed algorithm aims to find an efficient and stable routing path by taking account of the position of neighbors and the last beacon reception time. Our simulation results show that the proposed algorithm outperforms the legacy greedy algorithm and its variants.
Fractional Order PID Control for Reduction of Vibration and Noise on Induction Motor (2019)

This article aims at investigating the impact of harmonic current, vibration, and noise on induction motors (IMs) with a fractional order (FO) proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controller. Conventional PID controllers are widely used in closed-loop vector-space to control IMs. In general, the parameters of a PID controller should be considered carefully because the vector-space loop can induce imbalanced current and magnetic flux in the α-β sub-plane closed-loop system. If this occurs, the imbalanced current affects not only the IM performance but also the harmonic current, motor vibration, and noise. In this study, an FO PID (Pp I <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">λ</sup> D <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">μ</sup> ) controller is used for stabilizing the effect of the current and harmonic on the IM. This PID controller is built based on the results of measurements on motor design parameters. By using the phase margin rule to design and determine suitable parameters, several orders of p, λ, and μ in their reasonable ranges are evaluated to obtain a relative optimal FO (Pp I <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">λ</sup> D <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">μ</sup> ) controller. This can improve the performance of the IM in terms of harmonic current, vibration, and noise, more than a conventional PID controller can achieve.
ChemInform Abstract: Total Synthesis of Siastatin B and Its Enantiomer Using Carbohydrate as a Chiral Educt. (1992)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Study of the angular-dependent exchange coupling between a ferromagnetic and an antiferromagnetic layer (1999)

The angular dependence of the exchange coupling between a Permalloy film and an antiferromagnetic Cr45.5Mn45.5Pt9 film has been measured. We show that this complex angular dependence of the exchange coupling can be understood by a simple Stoner–Wohlfarth model involving only a uniaxial anisotropy and a unidirectional exchange coupling at the interface. Numerical results are in excellent agreement with the experimental data.
Optimal detection schemes for the restoration of images with signal dependent noise (2003)

Restoration techniques that are based on optimal vector detection methods are introduced. The restoration methods are derived from a Bayesian framework, and reduce to a M-ary hypothesis test among a representative set, or codebook, of vectors. These techniques remove the signal-dependent noise while retaining the structure required for accurate image representation.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Study of Helium-Ion-Beam-Generated Defects in a Monolayer WS2 Using Aberration-Corrected Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy (2018)

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Supplementary Table 4 from Mutual Exclusivity Analysis of Genetic and Epigenetic Drivers in Melanoma Identifies a Link Between p14<sup>ARF</sup> and RARβ Signaling (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 51K, Promoter hypermethylation events.&lt;/p&gt;
Monocyte/macrophage-derived CC chemokines and their modulation by HIV-1 and cytokines: A complex network of interactions influencing viral replication and AIDS pathogenesis (2003)

Monocytes/macrophages are cells of the innate arm of the immune system and exert important regulatory effects on adaptive immune response. These cells also represent major targets of HIV infection and one of the main reservoirs. Notably, macrophage-tropic viruses are responsible for the initial infection, predominate in the asymptomatic phase, and persist throughout infection, even after the emergence of dual-tropic and T-tropic variants. Functional impairment of HIV-infected macrophages plays an important role in the immune dysregulation typical of AIDS. Recent studies have underlined the pivotal role of chemokines, cytokines, and their receptors in HIV pathogenesis. It is becoming increasingly apparent that the expression level of chemokine receptors, serving as HIV coreceptors, influences the susceptibility of a CD4+ cell to viral infection and to certain HIV envelope-induced alterations in cellular functions. Numerous pathogens, including HIV, can stimulate the production of chemokines and cytokines, which in turn can modulate coreceptor availability, resulting in differential replication potential for R5 and X4 strains, depending on the microenvironment milieu. Thus, a complex network of interactions involving immune mediators produced by monocytes/macrophages and other cell types as a direct/indirect consequence of HIV infection is operative at all stages of the disease and may profoundly influence the extent of viral replication, dissemination, and pathogenesis.
Direct detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in respiratory specimens in a clinical laboratory by polymerase chain reaction (1993)

The emergence of epidemic multiple-drug-resistant (MDR) strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in conjunction with an increase in the number of reported cases of tuberculosis (TB) represents a major public health problem. In light of a recent outbreak of MDR M. tuberculosis at our center, we began the development of a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay for the rapid diagnosis of pulmonary TB using two sets of primers, one based on the IS6110 repeated sequence of M. tuberculosis and the other based on the protein antigen b (PAB). Reaction conditions were first optimized as to the appropriate extraction protocol and the concentrations of primer pairs, nucleotides, and MgCl2. Following a preliminary evaluation of the assay with clinical specimens, extraction and amplification procedures were further modified. PAB and IS6110 primers detected between 2 and 23 and 0.023 and 0.23 CFU of M. tuberculosis, respectively, in pooled, M. tuberculosis-negative sputa by our optimized PCR assay. After routine processing for mycobacteria, 734 specimens were subsequently amplified. DNA for amplification was obtained by boiling and beating the sediments with Tween 20. For each reaction, DNA (10 microliters) was added to an amplification mixture containing 12 pmol of IS6110 primers, 20 pmol of PAB primers, 2 mM MgCl2, 200 microM nucleotides, and 2.5 U of Taq polymerase and the mixture was then amplified for 40 cycles. The sensitivity and specificity of our PCR assay were 87.2 and 97.7%, respectively. We were unable to interpret the results for seven specimens (1%). In our experience, PCR proved to be a useful rapid diagnostic test for TB in a clinical setting and a valuable epidemiological tool for determining exposure groups in the hospital setting. Our findings also underscore the need for the systematic optimization of PCR assay conditions.
Biotechnology and modifications of the rumen microbial ecosystem (1987)

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In Vivo and In Vitro Escape from Neutralizing Antibodies 2G12, 2F5, and 4E10 (2007)

Recently, passive immunization of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected individuals with monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) 2G12, 2F5, and 4E10 provided evidence of the in vivo activity of 2G12 but raised concerns about the function of the two membrane-proximal external region (MPER)-specific MAbs (A. Trkola, H. Kuster, P. Rusert, B. Joos, M. Fischer, C. Leemann, A. Manrique, M. Huber, M. Rehr, A. Oxenius, R. Weber, G. Stiegler, B. Vcelar, H. Katinger, L. Aceto, and H. F. Gunthard, Nat. Med. 11:615-622, 2005). In the light of MPER-targeting vaccines under development, we performed an in-depth analysis of the emergence of mutations conferring resistance to these three MAbs to further elucidate their activity. Clonal analysis of the MPER of plasma virus samples derived during antibody treatment confirmed that no changes in this region had occurred in vivo. Sequence analysis of the 2G12 epitope relevant N-glycosylation sites of viruses derived from 13 patients during the trial supported the phenotypic evaluation, demonstrating that mutations in these sites are associated with resistance. In vitro selection experiments with isolates of four of these individuals corroborated the in vivo finding that virus strains rapidly escape 2G12 pressure. Notably, in vitro resistance mutations differed, in most cases, from those found in vivo. Importantly, in vitro selection with 2F5 and 4E10 demonstrated that resistance to these MAbs can be difficult to achieve and can lead to selection of variants with impaired infectivity. This remarkable vulnerability of the virus to interference within the MPER calls for a further evaluation of the safety and efficacy of MPER-targeting therapeutic and vaccination strategies.
ePeriodicity: Mining Event Periodicity from Incomplete Observations (2014)

Advanced technology in GPS and sensors enables us to track physical events, such as human movements and facility usage. Periodicity analysis from the recorded data is an important data mining task which provides useful insights into the physical events and enables us to report outliers and predict future behaviors. To mine periodicity in an event, we have to face real-world challenges of inherently complicated periodic behaviors and imperfect data collection problem. Specifically, the hidden temporal periodic behaviors could be oscillating and noisy, and the observations of the event could be incomplete. In this paper, we propose a novel probabilistic measure for periodicity and design a practical algorithm, ePeriodicity, to detect periods. Our method has thoroughly considered the uncertainties and noises in periodic behaviors and is provably robust to incomplete observations. Comprehensive experiments on both synthetic and real datasets demonstrate the effectiveness of our method.
The Green's Function for the Hückel (Tight Binding) Model (2014)

Applications of the Hückel (tight binding) model are ubiquitous in quantum chemistry and solid state physics. The matrix representation of this model is isomorphic to an unoriented vertex adjacency matrix of a bipartite graph, which is also the Laplacian matrix plus twice the identity. In this paper, we analytically calculate the determinant and, when it exists, the inverse of this matrix in connection with the Green's function, $\mathbf{G}$, of the $N\times N$ Hückel matrix. A corollary is a closed form expression for a Harmonic sum (Eq. 12). We then extend the results to $d-$dimensional lattices, whose linear size is $N$. The existence of the inverse becomes a question of number theory. We prove a new theorem in number theory pertaining to vanishing sums of cosines and use it to prove that the inverse exists if and only if $N+1$ and $d$ are odd and $d$ is smaller than the smallest divisor of $N+1$. We corroborate our results by demonstrating the entry patterns of the Green's function and discuss applications related to transport and conductivity.
Proof of the (S,S) Configuration of (−)‐Bissetone by Synthesis from D‐Glucose (1987)

(S,S)-Bissetone 1, 2 constituent cf the gorgonian soft coral Briareum polyanthes, can be synthesized in eight steps from D-glucose (overall yield 37%). The central intermediate is the dihydropyranone 2, whose six-step synthesis from D-glucose involving two one-pot reactions has been vastly improved and is now possible on a l00g scale. The conversion of 2 into 1 can be achieved in two ways.
An efficient electrical addressing method using through-wafer vias for two-dimensional ultrasonic arrays (2002)

This paper presents a technology for high density and low parasitic capacitance electrical interconnects to arrays of Capacitive Micromachined Ultrasonic Transducers (CMUTs) on a silicon chip. Vertical wafer feedthroughs (vias) connect an array of sensors or actuators from the front side (transducer side) to the backside (packaging side) of the chip. A 20 to 1 high aspect ratio 20 /spl mu/m diameter via is achieved by using Deep Reactive Ion Etching (DRIE). Reduction of the parasitic capacitance of the polysilicon pads to the substrate can be achieved by using Metal Insulator Semiconductor (MIS) operating in the depletion region. This three-dimensional architecture allows for elegant packaging through simple flip-chip bonding of the chip's back side to a printed circuit board (PCB) or a signal processing chip.
Engineering optimization of stellarator coils lead to improvements in device maintenance (2015)

As part of an early PPPL pilot plant study an engineering exercise was undertaken to straighten the stellarator modular coil (MC) back legs to provide greater access to plasma components. Saddle coils were located within separate enclosures and configured to reconstitute changes in the magnetic fields caused by straightening the MC back legs. A follow on lab directed research study looked to further improve stellarator maintenance by considering higher aspect ratio plasmas along with improving the MC defining metrics by adding engineering maintenance requirements to the physics code used in defining the modular coil winding configuration. The physics design code (COILOPT) was upgraded to provide coil solutions with straightened MC back legs and to receive inputs of engineering constraints on the MC surface geometry and winding centers. Several improvements and extensions of COILOPT++ were made which include: the ability to target coil penalties and freeze coil geometry for individual coils; adding torsion constraints on the geometry of the space curve defining the MC winding; allowing freedom to straighten MC back legs over asymmetric distances above and below the outboard midplane; the inclusion of nested saddles with enforced minimum coil-to-coil separation distances and adding the ability to accept coil winding surface geometry from Pro- E. These changes along with a number of other features have substantially improved our ability to achieve better self-consistency between engineering maintenance requirements and plasma surface reconstructions with targeted physics. Using the new COILOPT++ code, a first pass design of an improved maintenance stellarator device has been developed. The code details and the ensuing device design will be presented.
Analysis of the glycosylation sites of hepatitis C virus (HCV) glycoprotein E1 and the influence of E1 glycans on the formation of the HCV glycoprotein complex. (1999)

The hepatitis C virus (HCV) genome encodes two membrane-associated envelope glycoproteins (E1 and E2), which are released from the viral polyprotein precursor by host signal peptidase cleavages. These glycoproteins interact to form a noncovalent heterodimeric complex, which is retained in the endoplasmic reticulum. HCV glycoproteins, E1 and E2, are heavily modified by N-linked glycosylation. A recent study has revealed that upon partial deglycosylation with endoglycosidase H only four of the five potential glycosylation sites of HCV glycoprotein E1 are utilized. In this work, the unused glycosylation site on the E1 glycoprotein was identified and the influence of N-linked glycosylation on the formation of the HCV glycoprotein complex was studied by expressing a panel of E1 glycosylation mutants in HepG2 cells. Each of the five potential N-linked glycosylation sites, located at amino acid positions 196, 209, 234, 305 and 325, respectively, on the HCV polyprotein, was mutated separately as well as in combination with the other sites. Expression of the mutated E1 proteins in HepG2 cells indicated that the fifth glycosylation site is not used for the addition of N-linked oligosaccharides and the Pro immediately following the sequon (Asn-Trp-Ser) precludes core glycosylation. The effect of each mutation on the formation of noncovalent E1E2 complexes was also analysed. As determined with the use of a conformation-sensitive monoclonal antibody, mutations at positions N2 and N3 had no, or only minor, effects on the assembly of the E1E2 complex, whereas a mutation at position N1 and predominantly at position N4 dramatically reduced the efficiency of the formation of noncovalent E1E2 complexes.
IgE‐receptor activated chloride uptake in relation to histamine secretion from rat mast cells (1994)

1. Antigen-stimulated histamine secretion from rat peritoneal mast cells was inhibited when extracellular chloride was replaced by either isethionate or gluconate anions, but the histamine release still remained quite substantial. 2. Rat peritoneal mast cells take up 36Cl and the uptake reaches a steady state after 60 min incubation with the isotope. At steady state, the intracellular chloride level in the cells was calculated to be 29 +/- 11.5 mM. 3. The chloride uptake in mast cells was exponential with a rate constant of 0.036 min-1 in resting cells. When the cells were stimulated with antigen, and rate constant for chloride uptake increased to 0.90 min-1: an increase of 25 fold. Under identical experimental conditions histamine release increased 3 fold. 4. The rate of chloride uptake in either resting cells or in antigen-stimulated cells was not changed when the extracellular medium was nominally calcium-free but histamine release was almost completely inhibited in the absence of extracellular calcium. 5. The putative chloride channel blocker DIDS (4,4'-diisothiocyanatostilbene-2,2'-disulphonic acid) 0.3 to 30 microM, produced a concentration-related inhibition of antigen-stimulated histamine secretion but DIDS (30 microM) did not inhibit the antigen-stimulated increase of chloride uptake. 6. The cyclic AMP analogue, dibutyryl cyclic AMP (1 mM) produced a delayed increase in chloride uptake in resting mast cells but neither dibutyryl cyclic AMP nor 8-bromo cyclic AMP per se induced any histamine secretion. 7. Ouabain (1 mM) which inhibits the Na+/K+ ATPase in rat peritoneal mast cells, failed to affect the uptake of chloride in resting mast cells. 8. The Na/K/2C1-cotransport inhibitor, furosemide (0.7 mM), slowed the unstimulated chloride uptake in resting mast cells and abolished the increased antigen-induced chloride uptake when added together with antigen. In contrast, spontaneous and antigen-induced histamine release were unaffected by the presence of furosemide. However, when furosemide was added to the cell suspension 5 min before stimulation, furosemide was without effect on the antigen-induced chloride uptake.9. In addition to the chloride uptake mediated by chloride channels which may be related to the mechanism of histamine secretion, crosslinking of the high affinity membrane receptors for IgE is followed by a fast chloride uptake that is likely to occur through a furosemide-sensitive Na/K/2C1-cotransporter.
Author response: Nuclear envelope protein MAN1 regulates clock through BMAL1 (2014)

If rodents, or indeed humans, are kept in constant darkness for a number of days, they continue to show patterns of sleep and wakefulness that repeat roughly every 24 hr. This internal ‘circadian rhythm’ controls many aspects of animal physiology, including body temperature, blood pressure, and hormone levels. It does so by regulating the expression of key genes: this means that the activity of the proteins encoded by these genes also varies in accordance with the circadian rhythm. A second mechanism used by the body to coordinate gene expression on a large scale entails making adjustments to the membrane that surrounds the cell nucleus. This ‘nuclear envelope’ consists mainly of lipids, but it also contains proteins that bind DNA. These proteins regulate gene expression by controlling how easy it is for other proteins that activate or repress genes to gain access to specific DNA sequences. Lin et al. now reveal that these mechanisms work together. The first evidence for this was the discovery that the levels of three specific nuclear envelope proteins influence, and are influenced by, circadian rhythms. In particular, two of these proteins control the activity of the third, which is known as MAN1. This protein in turn triggers the expression of a gene called BMAL1, which is one of the small number of ‘clock genes’ that are responsible for generating the internal circadian rhythm. As well as adding to our knowledge of circadian biology and the nuclear envelope, this study reveals a mechanism by which cells can orchestrate the expression of large numbers of genes. Such mechanisms allow a wide range of physiological and behavioral processes to be co-ordinated.
Effect of food on the bioavailability and tolerance of clavulanic acid/amoxycillin combination (1982)

‘Augmentin’, the novel antibiotic formulation containing the β-lactamase inhibitor, clavulanic acid, and the η-lactam antibiotic, amoxycillin, has been the subject of two studies reported here on bioavailability and tolerance. Eighteen subjects took part in a two-part crossover study to compare the bioavailability when taken fasting and with food. The bioavailability was shown to be unimpaired when taken with food. Forty-five healthy subjects took part in a series of crossover studies to compare the tolerance of ‘Augmentin’ taken fasting and with food. ‘Augmentin’ was also compared with cephalexin under the same conditions. The gastro-intestinal side effects reported in these volunteer studies, which are rare in clinical practice, were reduced when ‘Augmentin’ was taken with food.