gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
<title>Environmental considerations for fiber optic remote sensing systems in on-line process monitoring</title> (1992)

Remote spectroscopic sensing in the infrared places tight constraints on measurement system stability and analog signal integrity. The stability of each component of the system needs to be considered, including detectors, electronics, fiber cables, spectrometer, optical components and light sources. A full discussion of the signal-to-noise limit of a fiber remote systems is given. The parameters affecting the ability of the system to be used for long term process sensing are reviewed. Environmental data is presented on the optical throughput stability of infrared fiber optics, fiber-optic cables and sensors with changing temperature. The effect of water and vibration on bare and protected infrared fibers is discussed. The measurement stability of each component of a FT-IR remote fiber-optic system is related to the final measurement stability of the complete system. It is shown that, within certain environmental limits, the signal-to-noise limit of the measurement may be realized with careful system configuration and calibration.
Relationship between gas transport properties and fractional free volume determined from dielectric constant in polyimide films containing the hexafluoroisopropylidene group (2007)

Abstract The dielectric constant and gas transport properties (i.e., permeability, diffusivity, and solubility) in 2,2′‐bis(3,4‐dicarboxyphenyl)hexafluoropropane dianhydride (6FDA)‐based polyimides were systematically investigated in terms of their polymer fractional free volumes (FFVs) at 30°C. The permeability and diffusion coefficients of the 6FDA‐based polyimide films to hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, methane, and carbon dioxide were correlated with their FFVs estimated using van Krevelen's group contribution method. There appeared, however, small linear correlation coefficients. Linear correlations were also observed between the gas transport properties and dielectric constant of these polyimides. This study described FFVas a function of the dielectric constant based on the Clausius‐Mossotti equation. It was found that the gas permeability and diffusion coefficients of these 6FDA‐based polyimide films increased as their dielectric constant‐based FFV increased. A better linear relationship was observed between the gas transport properties and the FFV determined from the polymer dielectric constant in comparison to that estimated using the group contribution method. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 2008
Germanium sulfide(ii and iv) nanoparticles for enhanced performance of lithium ion batteries (2013)

Germanium sulfide (GeS and GeS2) nanoparticles were synthesized by novel gas-phase laser photolysis and subsequent thermal annealing. They showed excellent cycling performance for lithium ion batteries, with a maximum capacity of 1010 mA h g(-1) after 100 cycles. Metastable tetragonal phase Ge nanoparticles were suggested as active materials for a reversible lithium insertion-extraction process.
Magnesium-Substituted Hydroxyapatite Grafting Using the Vertical Inlay Technique (2013)

The reconstruction of a severely atrophic left posterior mandible using inlay magnesium-substituted hydroxyapatite grafting is described. Three months after reconstruction, a bone specimen was retrieved, and two dental implants were placed. A mean vertical bone gain of 4.9 mm was measured at the time of implant placement, and no problems were recorded at delivery of the provisional and definitive prostheses 4 and 8 months after implant placement, respectively. Histologic analysis revealed residual grafted material infiltrated by newly formed bone. In this clinical case, Mg-hydroxyapatite was demonstrated to be an effective grafting material for reconstruction of the posterior mandible using the inlay technique.
Crystalline chitin hydrolase is a burnt-bridge Brownian motor (2020)

Motor proteins are essential units of life and are well-designed nanomachines working under thermal fluctuations. These proteins control moving direction by consuming chemical energy or by dissipating electrochemical potentials. Chitinase A from bacterium <i>Serratia marcescens</i> (SmChiA) processively moves along crystalline chitin by hydrolysis of a single polymer chain to soluble chitobiose. Recently, we directly observed the stepping motions of SmChiA labeled with a gold nanoparticle by dark-field scattering imaging to investigate the moving mechanism. Time constants analysis revealed that SmChiA moves back and forth along the chain freely, because forward and backward states have a similar free energy level. The similar probabilities of forward-step events (83.5%=69.3%+14.2%) from distributions of step sizes and chain-hydrolysis (86.3%=(1/2.9)/(1/2.9+1/18.3)×100) calculated from the ratios of time constants of hydrolysis and the backward step indicated that SmChiA moves forward as a result of shortening of the chain by a chitobiose unit, which stabilizes the backward state. Furthermore, X-ray crystal structures of sliding intermediate and molecular dynamics simulations showed that SmChiA slides forward and backward under thermal fluctuation without large conformational changes of the protein. Our results demonstrate that SmChiA is a burnt-bridge Brownian ratchet motor.
NPAS2: A Gas-Responsive Transcription Factor (2002)

Neuronal PAS domain protein 2 (NPAS2) is a mammalian transcription factor that binds DNA as an obligate dimeric partner of BMAL1 and is implicated in the regulation of circadian rhythm. Here we show that both PAS domains of NPAS2 bind heme as a prosthetic group and that the heme status controls DNA binding in vitro. NPAS2-BMAL1 heterodimers, existing in either the apo (heme-free) or holo (heme-loaded) state, bound DNA avidly under favorably reducing ratios of the reduced and oxidized forms of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate. Low micromolar concentrations of carbon monoxide inhibited the DNA binding activity of holo-NPAS2 but not that of apo-NPAS2. Upon exposure to carbon monoxide, inactive BMAL1 homodimers were formed at the expense of NPAS2-BMAL1 heterodimers. These results indicate that the heterodimerization of NPAS2, and presumably the expression of its target genes, are regulated by a gas through the heme-based sensor described here.
Computer simulation of atmospherically corrupted signals at the focal plane of a parabolic antenna (1988)

Abstract A simulation procedure for generating the signals appearing at the focal plane of a parabolic reflector is presented. The procedure consists of generating the time series of the angle‐of ‐arrival fluctuation and intensity scintillation directly from their temporal power spectra and combining the two processes. An example of the procedure is also given.
Proposed pedestrian pathway roughness thresholds to ensure safety and comfort for wheelchair users (2016)

In the United States, over three million people use a wheelchair for their primary means of mobility and they rely on functional and accessible pathways to participate in their communities. The Americans with Disabilities Act Accessibility Guidelines related to pathway roughness are currently ambiguous, subjective and therefore unable to be measured. Consequently, many public pathways are sufficiently rough to result in harmful vibrations and discomfort for wheelchair users. In previous research, subjective ratings and root-mean-square accelerations were reported from subjects traveling over surfaces with various roughnesses in their own wheelchairs. The purpose of the current study is to use previous data to propose roughness thresholds by correlating the roughness of surfaces to vibration data and subjective ratings from wheelchair users. The results suggest a pathway roughness index threshold of ≤50 mm/m (1.2 in./ft) for a surface segment of 100 m (328 ft) in length, and ≤100 mm/m (1.2 in./ft) for a surface segment of 3 m (9.8 ft) in length would protect wheelchair users against discomfort and possible health risks due to vibration exposure. For surfaces of different lengths, a 3 m (9.8 ft) and 100 m (328 ft) moving window should be used.
Comparison of Rifamycins for Efficacy Against Mycobacterium avium Complex and Resistance Emergence in the Hollow Fiber Model System (2021)

Rifamycins are integral part of the combination regimen for treatment of pulmonary <i>Mycobacterium avium-complex</i> [MAC] infection, but different practitioners prefer different rifamycins. The objective of the study was to compare microbial kill and resistance emergence of rifamycins using principles of pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics. First, we identified rifamycin MICs in 20 MAC isolates from patients followed by concentration-response studies in test-tubes. Next, we examined efficacy and resistance suppression of three doses of each rifamycin in the hollow fiber system model of pulmonary MAC [HFS-MAC], mimicking human like concentration-time profile of the drugs. HFS-MAC units were repetitively sampled for total and drug-resistant MAC burden and for drug concentration measurements. Inhibitory sigmoid E <sub>max</sub> model, linear regression, and analysis of variance was used for data analysis. For rifabutin 90% of isolates had MIC ≤ 0.125 mg/L while for both rifampin and rifapentine this was ≤2.0 mg/L. There was no statistically significant difference (<i>p</i> > 0.05) in maximal kill and effective concentration mediating 50% of the bacterial kill among three rifamycins in the static concentration experiment. In the HFS-MAC, the bactericidal kill (day 0-4) for rifampin was 0.89 (95% Confidence Interval (CI): 0.43-1.35), for rifapentine was 1.05 (95% CI: 0.08-1.23), and for rifabutin was 0.92 (95% CI: 0.61-1.24) log<sub>10</sub> CFU/ml, respectively. Rifamycins monotherapy failed after just 4-days of treatment and entire MAC population was drug resistant on day 26 of the study. There was no dose dependent difference in MAC kill or resistance suppression among the three rifamycins tested in the HFS-MAC. Therefore, replacing one rifamycin, due to emergence of drug-resistance, with other may not be beneficial in clinical setting.
Synthesis and Properties of Iron(II) Hydride Complexes Containing the Tripodal Tetraphosphine Ligand P(CH2CH2PMe2)3 (1997)

The preparation and characterization of iron(II) hydride complexes containing the tripodal tetraphosphine ligand tris[2-(dimethylphosphino)ethyl]phosphine, P(CH(2)CH(2)PMe(2))(3) (PP(3)), 1, are reported. Dissolution of the chloro hydride complex FeHCl(PP(3)), 2, in methanol affords an equilibrium mixture of 2 and the methoxy hydrido complex FeH(OMe)(PP(3)), 3. Reaction of a methanol solution containing 2 and 3 with anionic or neutral ligands affords the corresponding hydrido complexes: reaction with NaBr affords FeHBr(PP(3)), 4; reaction with NaI affords FeHI(PP(3)), 5; reaction with NaN(3) affords FeHN(3)(PP(3)), 6; reaction with CO affords [FeH(CO)(PP(3))](+), 7; reaction with N(2) affords [FeH(N(2))(PP(3))](+), 8; and reaction with PPh(3) affords [FeHPPh(3)(PP(3))](+), 9. In some cases, further reaction of the product iron hydride complexes is observed. Reaction of FeHN(3)(PP(3)), 6, with NaN(3) for an extended period affords Fe(N(3))(2)(PP(3)), 10. On standing in solution, [FeH(N(2))(PP(3))](+), 8, is converted to the dinitrogen-bridged complex [FeH(PP(3))N&tbd1;NFeH(PP(3))](2+), 11. The carbonyl hydride complex 7 and the dinitrogen hydride complex 8 can be deprotonated to give the neutral iron(0) complexes Fe(CO)(PP(3)), 12, and Fe(N(2))(PP(3)), 13, respectively. The air-sensitive complexes 4-13 were characterized, by multinuclear NMR, IR, Raman, and mass spectroscopy and by elemental analysis.
Leaderless Distributed Hierarchy Formation (2002)

I present a system for robust leaderless organization of an amorphous network into hierarchical clusters. This system, which assumes that nodes are spatially embedded and can only talk to neighbors within a given radius, scales to networks of arbitrary size and converges rapidly. The amount of data stored at each node is logarithmic in the diameter of the network, and the hierarchical structure produces an addressing scheme such that there is an invertible relation between distance and address for any pair of nodes. The system adapts automatically to stopping failures, network partition, and reorganization.
ChemInform Abstract: Chain Elongation of Carbohydrates: Synthesis of Pyrazoles from Optically Active Carboxylic Acids. (1987)

Abstract With the view to obtaining C‐nucleosides the title acids (I) are transformed to the pyrazoles (VIII) via the intermediates (V).
Recognition using visual phrases (2011)

In this paper we introduce visual phrases, complex visual composites like “a person riding a horse”. Visual phrases often display significantly reduced visual complexity compared to their component objects, because the appearance of those objects can change profoundly when they participate in relations. We introduce a dataset suitable for phrasal recognition that uses familiar PASCAL object categories, and demonstrate significant experimental gains resulting from exploiting visual phrases. We show that a visual phrase detector significantly outperforms a baseline which detects component objects and reasons about relations, even though visual phrase training sets tend to be smaller than those for objects. We argue that any multi-class detection system must decode detector outputs to produce final results; this is usually done with non-maximum suppression. We describe a novel decoding procedure that can account accurately for local context without solving difficult inference problems. We show this decoding procedure outperforms the state of the art. Finally, we show that decoding a combination of phrasal and object detectors produces real improvements in detector results.
Molecular Dynamics Simulation of Fluid Transport in Nanoscale Pore of Porous Medium (2010)

Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter Facebook Reddit LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Reprints and Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation Y. Chu, J. F. Lu, W. Q. Lu; Molecular Dynamics Simulation of Fluid Transport in Nanoscale Pore of Porous Medium. AIP Conf. Proc. 1 March 2010; 1207 (1): 895–900. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3366482 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAIP Publishing PortfolioAIP Conference Proceedings Search Advanced Search |Citation Search
Theory and application of draw control for elastic webs with nipped pull rollers (1993)

Draw control is defined as changing or maintaining web tension by controlling surface speeds of consecutive driven rollers. Even though draw control is commonly used in web handling applications, there remains some misunderstanding of the relationship between machine draw and the resulting web elongation and tension. Fundamentals of draw control and a new analytical solution will be presented.
Crystal structure of (1S*,7R*,10S*,16R*)-2,6,11,15-tetraazatricyclo[14.2.0.07,10]octadeca-2,4,11,13-tetraene bis(hydroperchlorate), (C7H10N2)2(HCIO4)2 (1998)

Article Crystal structure of (1S*,7R*,10S*,16R*)-2,6,11,15-tetraazatricyclo[14.2.0.07,10]octadeca-2,4,11,13-tetraene bis(hydroperchlorate), (C7H10N2)2(HCIO4)2 was published on April 1, 1998 in the journal Zeitschrift für Kristallographie - New Crystal Structures (volume 213, issue 1-4).
Tieteen politisoitumisesta – ja katsaus kuluneeseen kahteen vuoteen (2020)

Tämän pääkirjoituksen ja numeron (4/2020) myötä päättyy allekirjoittaneiden kaksivuotinen kausi Politiikka-lehden konehuoneessa. Päätoimituskausi on tarjonnut valaisevan kuvan suomenkielisen politiikan tutkimuksen nykytilasta ja trendeistä. Palaamme joihinkin toimituskautemme keskeisiin tunnuslukuihin tekstin loppupuolella, mutta sanottakoon jo tässä yhteydessä muutama yleisempi huomio viimeisen kahden vuoden kokemuksistamme. Ensinnäkin olemme saaneet iloksemme huomata, että suomenkielinen politologinen julkaisutoiminta on edelleen suhteellisen aktiivista ja temaattisesti laaja-alaista. Vaikka yliopistojen rahoitusmallissa tapahtuneet muutokset vaikuttavatkin olevan yhteydessä julkaisutoiminnan vireyteen ja painotuksiin (ks. Seuri ja Vartiainen 2018, 114–115), lienee kotimaisen tiedetoimittamisen jouhevuudella (siedettävä julkaisuviive) sekä ylipäätään halulla osallistua suomenkieliseen ja suomalaista yhteiskuntaa koskevaan tieteenalakeskusteluun vähintään yhtä suuri merkitys. Olemme lisäksi pistäneet merkille saamiemme käsikirjoitusten painottumisen varsin tyypilliseen empiristiseen muottiin. Politiikan teoriaan ja käsitteelliseen kehittämiseen sekä oppi- ja aatehistoriaan painottuvat käsikirjoitusehdotukset ovat olleet edellisiin nähden selvästi vähemmistössä. Kolmannen huomion sekä tämän pääkirjoituksen varsinaisen teeman ammennamme tiede- ja yliopistopolitiikkaa käsittelevistä aikaisemmista pääkirjoituksistamme. Niissä olemme pohtineet tiedepolitiikan vaikutuksia tieteellisen julkaisutoiminnan luonteen muutokseen, yliopiston ja tutkijan muuttuvaa suhdetta, yliopistokritiikin ja kriittisen intellektuellismin alennustilaa sekä tutkijan yhteiskunnallisen aseman muutoksia. Yleisesti ottaen pääkirjoituksemme ovat resonoineet viime vuosina voimistuneen laajemman liikehdinnän ja keskustelun kanssa, jossa tieteen ja politiikan suhde on asetettu uudelleentarkastelun kohteeksi.
Pharmacokinetics of Long-Acting Tenofovir Alafenamide (GS-7340) Subdermal Implant for HIV Prophylaxis (2015)

Oral or topical daily administration of antiretroviral (ARV) drugs to HIV-1-negative individuals in vulnerable populations is a promising strategy for HIV-1 prevention. Adherence to the dosing regimen has emerged as a critical factor determining efficacy outcomes of clinical trials. Because adherence to therapy is inversely related to the dosing period, sustained release or long-acting ARV formulations hold significant promise for increasing the effectiveness of HIV-1 preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP) by reducing dosing frequency. A novel, subdermal implant delivering the potent prodrug tenofovir alafenamide (TAF) with controlled, sustained, zero-order (linear) release characteristics is described. A candidate device delivering TAF at 0.92 mg day(-1) in vitro was evaluated in beagle dogs over 40 days for pharmacokinetics and preliminary safety. No adverse events related to treatment with the test article were noted during the course of the study, and no significant, unusual abnormalities were observed. The implant maintained a low systemic exposure to TAF (median, 0.85 ng ml(-1); interquartile range [IQR], 0.60 to 1.50 ng ml(-1)) and tenofovir (TFV; median, 15.0 ng ml(-1); IQR, 8.8 to 23.3 ng ml(-1)), the product of in vivo TAF hydrolysis. High concentrations (median, 512 fmol/10(6) cells over the first 35 days) of the pharmacologically active metabolite, TFV diphosphate, were observed in peripheral blood mononuclear cells at levels over 30 times higher than those associated with HIV-1 PrEP efficacy in humans. Our report on the first sustained-release nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI) for systemic delivery demonstrates a successful proof of principle and holds significant promise as a candidate for HIV-1 prophylaxis in vulnerable populations.
In vitro human model for tumor target screening in Cancer Research (2006)

Monolayer and suspension cultures have limited predictive value for target screening especially for nanomaterials. Target screening requires testsystems that mimic the human cancer with increasing accuracy in order to optimize the selection of potential effectors. Tissue engineering is not only the generation of tissues it should also identify biological principles of cellular behaviour. We developed a new 3D vascularised test system with a functional artificial vascular network embedded in a collagen matrix. This bioartificial vascularised matrix can be additional populated with tumor cells to create ex vivo vascularised tumor-like structures. This model offers the possibility to simulate physiological drug application and a human 3D testsystem to established nanomaterials/systems for cancer research/therapy.
The impact of prenatal circadian rhythm disruption on pregnancy outcomes and long-term metabolic health of mice progeny (2016)

Animal studies demonstrate that circadian rhythm disruption during pregnancy can be deleterious to reproductive capacity and the long-term health of the progeny. Our previous studies in rats have shown that exposure of pregnant dams to an environment that significantly disrupts maternal circadian rhythms programs increased adiposity and poor glucose metabolism in offspring. In this study, we used mice with a ClockΔ19 mutation to determine whether foetal development within a genetically disrupted circadian environment affects pregnancy outcomes and alters the metabolic health of offspring. Ten female ClockΔ19+MEL mutant mice were mated with 10 wildtype males, and 10 wildtype females were mated with 10 ClockΔ19+MEL mutant males. While genetically identical, the heterozygote foetuses were exposed to either a normal (wildtype dams) or disrupted (ClockΔ19+MEL mutant dams) circadian environment during gestation. Pregnancy outcomes including time to mate, gestation length, litter size and birth weight were assessed. One male and one female offspring from each litter were assessed for postnatal growth, body composition, intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test and intraperitoneal insulin tolerance test at 3 and 12 months of age. There was no effect of maternal genotype on pregnancy outcomes, with days to plug, gestation length, litter size and perinatal mortality not significantly different between wildtype and ClockΔ19+MEL mutant dams. Similarly, there was no effect of maternal genotype on weight of the offspring at birth or at any stage of postnatal growth. While there was an effect of sex on various tissue weights at 3 and 12 months of age, there were minimal effects of maternal genotype. Relative adrenal weight was significantly reduced (-32%) in offspring from ClockΔ19+MEL mutant dams, whereas gastrocnemius muscle was significantly increased (+16%) at 3 months of age only. Intraperitoneal glucose tolerance tests at 3 months of age revealed female offspring from ClockΔ19+MEL mutant dams had significantly reduced area under the curve following glucose administration (-25%), although no differences were found at 12 months of age. There was no effect of maternal genotype on intraperitoneal insulin tolerance at 3 or 12 months of age for either sex. These results demonstrate that foetal growth within a genetically disrupted circadian environment during gestation has no effect on pregnancy success, and only marginal impacts upon the long-term metabolic health of offspring. These results do not support the hypothesis that circadian rhythm disruption during pregnancy programs poor metabolic homeostasis in offspring. However, when maintained on a 12L:12D photoperiod, the ClockΔ19+MEL mutant dams display relatively normal patterns of activity and melatonin secretion, which may have reduced the impact of the mutation upon foetal metabolic programming.
Mode-locked parabolic Raman fiber oscillator (2009)

The generation of self-similar parabolic pulses (similaritons) has so far only been obtained in single-pass Raman amplifier configurations or in rare-earth doped fiber lasers. We report here the first demonstration of a mode-locked parabolic pulse fiber laser, which can potentially be run at any wavelength using Raman gain. This new all-fiber ring similariton laser scheme has been designed with the aid of a full theoretical model of its operation. The output similariton pulses of the laser have a true parabolic shape and a linear chirp.