gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Site-Directed Mutagenesis of the Carotenoid Isomerase Gene BnaCRTISO Alters the Color of Petals and Leaves in Brassica napus L. (2022)

The diversity of petal and leaf color can improve the ornamental value of rapeseed and promote the development of agriculture and tourism. The two copies of carotenoid isomerase gene (<i>BnaCRTISO</i>) in <i>Brassica napus</i> (<i>BnaA09.CRTISO</i> and <i>BnaC08.CRTISO</i>) was edited using the CRISPR/Cas9 system in the present study. The mutation phenotype of creamy white petals and yellowish leaves could be recovered only in targeted mutants of both <i>BnaCRTISO</i> functional copies, indicating that the redundant roles of <i>BnaA09.CRTISO</i> and <i>BnaC08.CRTISO</i> are vital for the regulation of petal and leaf color. The carotenoid content in the petals and leaves of the <i>BnaCRTISO</i> double mutant was significantly reduced. The chalcone content, a vital substance that makes up the yellow color, also decreased significantly in petals. Whereas, the contents of some carotenes (lycopene, α-carotene, γ-carotene) were increased significantly in petals. Further, transcriptome analysis showed that the targeted mutation of <i>BnaCRTISO</i> resulted in the significant down-regulation of important genes <i>BnaPSY</i> and <i>BnaC4H</i> in the carotenoid and flavonoid synthesis pathways, respectively; however, the expression of other genes related to carotenes and xanthophylls synthesis, such as <i>BnaPDS3</i>, <i>BnaZEP</i>, <i>BnaBCH1</i> and <i>BCH2</i>, was up-regulated. This indicates that the molecular mechanism regulating petal color variation in <i>B. napus</i> is more complicated than those reported in <i>Arabidopsis</i> and other <i>Brassica</i> species. These results provide insight into the molecular mechanisms underlying flower color variation in rapeseed and provides valuable resources for rapeseed breeding.
Faculty Opinions recommendation of Macroecological dynamics of gut microbiota. (2021)

The gut microbiota is now widely recognized as a dynamic ecosystem that plays an important role in health and disease. Although current sequencing technologies make it possible to explore how relative abundances of host-associated bacteria change over time, the biological processes governing microbial dynamics remain poorly understood. Therefore, as in other ecological systems, it is important to identify quantitative relationships describing various aspects of gut microbiota dynamics. In the present study, we use multiple high-resolution time series data obtained from humans and mice to demonstrate that, despite their inherent complexity, gut microbiota dynamics can be characterized by several robust scaling relationships. Interestingly, the observed patterns are highly similar to those previously identified across diverse ecological communities and economic systems, including the temporal fluctuations of animal and plant populations and the performance of publicly traded companies. Specifically, we find power-law relationships describing short- and long-term changes in gut microbiota abundances, species residence and return times, and the correlation between the mean and the temporal variance of species abundances. The observed scaling laws are altered in mice receiving different diets and are affected by context-specific perturbations in humans. We use the macroecological relationships to reveal specific bacterial taxa, the dynamics of which are substantially perturbed by dietary and environmental changes. Overall, our results suggest that a quantitative macroecological framework will be important for characterizing and understanding the complex dynamics of diverse microbial communities. PMID: 32284567 Funding information This work was supported by: NIDDK NIH HHS, United States Grant ID: R01 DK118044 NIGMS NIH HHS, United States Grant ID: R01 GM079759 NIGMS NIH HHS, United States Grant ID: R35 GM131884
Ion beam studies of organometallic chemistry. High energy "sampling" of reaction intermediates involved in carbon-carbon bond cleavage by transition metals (1980)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTIon beam studies of organometallic chemistry. High energy "sampling" of reaction intermediates involved in carbon-carbon bond cleavage by transition metalsP. B. Armentrout and J. L. BeauchampCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1980, 102, 5, 1736–1738Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1980Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1980https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00525a052https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00525a052research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views93Altmetric-Citations42LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A new F-actin structure in fungi: actin ring formation around the cell nucleus of Cryptococcus neoformans (2012)

The F-actin cytoskeleton of Cryptococcus neoformans is known to comprise actin cables, cortical patches and cytokinetic ring. Here, we describe a new F-actin structure in fungi, a perinuclear F-actin collar ring around the cell nucleus, by fluorescent microscopic imaging of rhodamine phalloidin-stained F-actin. Perinuclear F-actin rings form in Cryptococcus neoformans treated with the microtubule inhibitor Nocodazole or with the drug solvent dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) or grown in yeast extract peptone dextrose (YEPD) medium, but they are absent in cells treated with Latrunculin A. Perinuclear F-actin rings may function as 'funicular cabin' for the cell nucleus, and actin cables as intracellular 'funicular' suspending nucleus in the central position in the cell and moving nucleus along the polarity axis along actin cables.
From the bottle to the skin: challenges in evaluating antioxidants (2012)

Endogenous production and ultraviolet-generated free radicals in the skin can lead to photoaging and even skin cancer. Topical antioxidants have been found to provide benefits against ultraviolet damage and these ingredients have been incorporated into various cosmetic products and claimed to have substantial effects. Currently, there is a lack in a standardized rating system to measure the concentration and activity levels of antioxidants in these products. As a result, it is difficult for consumers and clinicians to evaluate and select commercial products based on readily accessible evidence. In this review, we will describe four assays which have been used to measure antioxidants in various products, and the strengths and weaknesses of each test will be detailed. We will highlight key considerations for clinicians when interpreting the results of antioxidant tests when evaluating commercial products containing antioxidants.
Failure analysis of a fiberglass-reinforced plastic pressure vessel (1995)

A fiberglass-reinforced plastic (FRP) pressure vessel containing sulfuric acid failed catastrophically in service. Preliminary investigations ruled out failure due to sabotage and chemical or mechanical overpressure. Subsequent examination of the fiber fracture surfaces and measurements of mirror radii indicated that fiber failure had occurred at stresses significantly below the fibers` expected strength. Further examination by scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectroscopy indicated that the glass fibers had been exposed to sulfuric acid, a reagent that corrodes this type of glass and degrades its strength. Finite element analysis indicated stresses in an exposed region of the vessel that exceeded the strengths of the FRP during normal vessel operation. Numerous cracks were detected in this region using a vicinal optical illumination technique. We concluded that vessel failure was caused by progressive degradation and rupture of fibers starting at the outer surface of the FRP and extending inwards and laterally, until a crack of critical size was produced.
An amorphous silicon photodiode with 2 THz gain-bandwidth product based on cycling excitation process (2017)

Since impact ionization was observed in semiconductors over half a century ago, avalanche photodiodes (APDs) using impact ionization in a fashion of chain reaction have been the most sensitive semiconductor photodetectors. However, APDs have relatively high excess noise, a limited gain-bandwidth product, and high operation voltage, presenting a need for alternative signal amplification mechanisms of superior properties. As an amplification mechanism, the cycling excitation process (CEP) was recently reported in a silicon p-n junction with subtle control and balance of the impurity levels and profiles. Realizing that CEP effect depends on Auger excitation involving localized states, we made the counter intuitive hypothesis that disordered materials, such as amorphous silicon, with their abundant localized states, can produce strong CEP effects with high gain and speed at low noise, despite their extremely low mobility and large number of defects. Here, we demonstrate an amorphous silicon low noise photodiode with gain-bandwidth product of over 2 THz, based on a very simple structure. This work will impact a wide range of applications involving optical detection because amorphous silicon, as the primary gain medium, is a low-cost, easy-to-process material that can be formed on many kinds of rigid or flexible substrates.
Measurement of glasslike and crystalline elasticity in quasicrystals (1990)

We have measured the Young's modulus and internal friction of several families of aluminum-based quasicrystals from 0.01 to 300 K and from 200 Hz to 8 kHz with a vibrating-reed technique. In the metastable aluminum--transition-metal quasicrystals we see a unique large linear temperature dependence of the internal friction in the 1--100-K range; this is one of the very few measured properties of quasicrystals that differ from metallic glasses or alloys. We do not see the large linear dependence in quasicrystals from the stable families, providing an observable difference in the physical properties of the stable and metastable families. We see glassy behavior in some of the quasicrystals that is as large as that observed in metallic glasses. Finally, we will present low-temperature speed-of-sound data that cannot be explained by standard models of glasses and alloys.
Synergistic Effect of CdSe Quantum Dot Sensitization and Nitrogen Doping of TiO2 Nanostructures for Photoelectrochemical Solar Hydrogen Generation (2010)

We report the synthesis and photoelectrochemical (PEC) studies of TiO(2) nanoparticles and nanowires simultaneously doped with nitrogen and sensitized with CdSe quantum dots (QDs). These novel nanocomposite structures have been applied successfully as photoanodes for PEC hydrogen generation using Na(2)S and Na(2)SO(3) as sacrificial reagents. We observe significant enhanced photoresponse in these nanocomposites compared to N-doped TiO(2) or CdSe QD sensitized TiO(2). The enhancement is attributed to the synergistic effect of CdSe sensitization and N-doping that facilitate hole transfer/transport from CdSe to TiO(2) through oxygen vacancy states (V(o)) mediated by N-doping. The results demonstrate the importance of designing and manipulating the energy band alignment in composite nanomaterials for fundamentally improving charge separation and transport and thereby PEC properties.
In Vitro Osteogenic Differentiation of Rat Mesenchymal Stem Cells in a Microgravity Bioreactor (2008)

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent progenitor cells with the ability to differentiate into osteoblasts, chondroblasts, myocytes, and adipocytes. They have potential for bone tissue engineering by the utilization of in vitro expanded cells with osteogenic capacity and their delivery to the appropriate sites via biomaterial scaffolds. The objective was to evaluate the potential of rat bone marrow MSCs to form 3D bone-like tissue by the use of mineralized poly(DL-lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) foam and osteoinductive medium under rotating culture conditions. PLGA foams were prepared by solvent casting and particulate leaching, then mineralized by incubating in simulated body fluid. MSCs isolated from the bone marrow of young Wistar rats were expanded and seeded on the mineralized scaffolds. The cell-polymer constructs were then cultured in a slow turning lateral vessel-type rotating bioreactor for 4 weeks under the effect of osteogenic inducers, β-glycerophosphate, ascorbic acid and dexamethasone. Mineralization was evaluated using FT-IR and increases in dry mass; morphology changes of the mineralized foams and cell adhesion was characterized by SEM; cell viability was monitored by MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide). Osteogenic differentiation was determined by using immunohistochemistry (anti-osteopontin). Results indicate the feasibility of bone tissue engineering with MSCs and mineralized PLGA scaffolds supporting cell adhesion, viability and osteogenic differentiation properties of cells in hybrid structures under appropriate bioreactor conditions.
Tableau Your Data!: Fast and Easy Visual Analysis with Tableau Software (2013)

Best practices and step-by-step instructions for using the Tableau Software toolset Although the Tableau Desktop interface is relatively intuitive, this book goes beyond the simple mechanics of the interface to show best practices for creating effective visualizations for specific business intelligence objectives. It illustrates little-known features and techniques for getting the most from the Tableau toolset, supporting the needs of the business analysts who use the product as well as the data and IT managers who support it. This comprehensive guide covers the core feature set for data anal
Densities and viscosities for propylene glycol monomethyl ether + water (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDensities and viscosities for propylene glycol monomethyl ether + waterAbburi Krishnaiah, Brett P. Gampper, and Dabir S. ViswanathCite this: J. Chem. Eng. Data 1993, 38, 3, 401–403Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/je00011a018https://doi.org/10.1021/je00011a018research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views314Altmetric-Citations17LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Concentrations of cytochrome P450 cholesterol side-chain cleavage enzyme and 3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase during prostaglandin F2 alpha-induced luteal regression in cattle (1995)

Prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGF2 alpha)-induced regression of the corpus luteum causes both plasma progesterone concentrations and luteal concentrations of mRNA encoding the steroidogenic enzyme 3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3 beta-HSD) to fall in parallel. To investigate the hypothesis that a decline in the concentrations of mRNA encoding steroidogenic enzymes causes plasma progesterone to fall, the luteal concentrations of the enzymes 3 beta-HSD and cytochrome P450 cholesterol side-chain cleavage were measured during induced luteolysis. Holstein heifers were treated with PGF2 alpha (25 mg Lutalyse) on Day 6 or Day 7 of the oestrous cycle and corpora lutea were collected 0 h, 2 h, 12 h, and 24 h later (n = 6, 4, 4, and 4 respectively). Analyses of the steroidogenic enzymes were carried out by Western immunoblotting. The luteal concentrations of both steroidogenic enzymes did not decrease over the 24-h period. It is concluded that, although the concentrations of mRNA encoding steroidogenic enzymes may decline in response to PGF2 alpha, this does not lead to a sufficiently rapid reduction in the concentrations of the enzymes to precede, and thus cause, the decline in plasma progesterone concentrations. Thus, the mechanism for the initial decline in plasma progesterone concentrations during luteolysis is still not known.
Neural transplantation and recovery of cognitive function (1995)

Abstract Cognitive deficits were produced in rats by different methods of damaging the brain: chronic ingestion of alcohol, causing widespread damage to diffuse cholinergic and aminergic projection systems; lesions (by local injection of the excitotoxins, ibotenate, quisqualate, and AMPA) of the nuclei of origin of the forebrain cholinergic projection system (FCPS), which innervates the neocortex and hippocampal formation; transient cerebral ischaemia, producing focal damage especially in the CA1 pyramidal cells of the dorsal hippocampus; and lesions (by local injection of the neurotoxin, colchicine) of the granule cells of the dentate gyrus. Following chronic alcohol or lesions of the FCPS, transplants of cholinergically rich fetal brain tissue into the terminal areas (neocortex and/or hippocampus) restored performance almost to control levels, with a time course consistent with growth of the transplants and integration with host tissue; transplants of cholinergically poor fetal tissue (hippocampus) were without effect, as were transplants of cholinergically rich tissue into the region containing the nuclei of origin of the FCPS. Grafts of primary cells enriched in glia and cultured neuroblastoma cells into the terminal areas of the FCPS were equally effective, suggesting that there are multiple mechanisms by which neural transplants can restore cognitive function following diffuse cholinergic damage. In contrast, after ischaemia- or neurotoxin-induced damage to CA1 or dentate granule cells respectively, cholinergically rich fetal transplants into the damaged hippocampal formation were ineffective in restoring performance. After ischaemic damage, however, performance was restored by suspension grafts of CA1 cells but not by transplants containing CA3 pyramidal cells or granule cells; and after colchicine damage it was restored by solid grafts containing granule but not CA1 pyramidal cells. Furthermore, electrophysiological evidence has demonstrated functional, graft type-specific host-graft functional neuronal connectivity. Thus, restoration of cognitive function by neural transplants is possible after damage to either diffuse (cholinergic) or point-to-point (intrahippocampal) forebrain systems, but the transplant must be appropriate to the damage to be repaired. Because the different types of brain damage studied provide analogues of human alcoholic dementia, Alzheimer's disease, and heart attack, these results are encouraging with regard to the eventual application of neural transplant surgery to the treatment of cognitive deficits in humans.
Quest for Novel Cardiovascular Biomarkers by Proteomic Analysis (2005)

Atherosclerosis, and the resulting coronary heart disease and stroke, is the most common cause of death in developed countries. Atherosclerosis is an inflammatory process that results in the development of complex lesions or plaques that protrude into the arterial lumen. Plaque rupture and thrombosis result in the acute clinical complications of myocardial infarction (MI) and stroke. Although certain risk factors (dyslipidemias, diabetes, hypertension) and humoral markers of plaque vulnerability (C-reactive protein, interleukin-6, 10 and 18, CD40L) have been identified, a highly sensitive and specific biomarker or protein profile, which could provide information on the stability/vulnerability of atherosclerotic lesions, remains to be identified. In this review, we report several proteomic approaches which have been applied to circulating or resident cells, atherosclerotic plaques or plasma, in the search for new proteins that could be used as cardiovascular biomarkers. First, an example using a differential proteomic approach (2-DE and MS) comparing the secretome from control mammary arteries and atherosclerotic plaques is displayed. Among the different proteins identified, we showed that low levels of HSP-27 could be a potential marker of atherosclerosis. Second, we have revised several studies performed in cells involved in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis (foam cells and smooth muscle cells). Another approach consists of performing proteomic analysis on circulating cells or plasma, which will provide a global view of the whole body response to atherosclerotic aggression. Circulating cells can bear information reflecting directly an inflammatory or pro-coagulant state related to the pathology. As an illustration, we report that circulating monocytes and plasma in patients with acute coronary syndromes has disclosed that mature Cathepsin D is increased both in the plasma and monocytes of these patients. Finally, the problems of applying proteomic approach directly to plasma will be discussed. The purpose of this review is to provide the reader with an overview of different proteomic approaches that can be used to identify new biomarkers in vascular diseases.
Diffusion behavior of fluorine in fiber-lightguide materials (1993)

Fluorine-doped synthetic silica has become an important material for optical fibers transmitting ultraviolet and near-infrared radiation. Therefore the knowledge of fluorine-diffusion behavior in the high-temperature region above 1600°C is important. It influences the refractive-index profile during fiber preparation as well as during splicing and tapering of the fibers. Fluorine diffusion was previously investigated, leading to considerably different results.1,2 To clarify this situation we determined the diffusion coefficient of fluorine between 1600 and 2000°C. We paid special attention to the influence of impurities, such as hydroxyl and chlorine, and of codopants, such as phosphorous. Because chlorine is an inherent admixture of synthetic silica made from silicon tetrachloride, we determined additionally the chlorine diffusion coefficient.