gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Adjustment of Shielding Effectiveness, Optical Transmission, and Sheet Resistance of Conducting Films Deposited on Glass Substrates (2017)

This paper addresses the combined theoretical assessment of shielding effectiveness, optical transmission, and sheet resistance of conductors in a thin-film technology. The synthesized model is based on the well-known transmission line approach to describe the wave propagation through multilayer structures consisting in thin films deposited on dielectric substrates. In this study, a complete model synthesis is presented, combining the estimation of the above parameters simultaneously. This model includes corrections of a few errors and inaccuracies regarding the computation of thin-film impedances, thereby clarifying the current literature survey. Additionally achieving the best tradeoff between shielding effectiveness and optical transmission is facilitated with the proposed model. Experimental results from continuous and mesh conducting films deposited on glass substrates have been compared with the theoretical ones, thereby validating the present model.
Adsorption and Decomposition of Ru3(CO)9(CH3CN)3 at Platinum Surfaces:  An X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy and Fourier Transform-Infrared Spectroscopy Study (1999)

A CH3CN-modified triruthenium carbonyl cluster, Ru3(CO)9(CH3CN)3 (I), has been adsorbed on platinum and platinum oxide surfaces from dichloromethane solutions. The modified surface has been characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and polarized grazing angle Fourier transform-infrared (FT-IR) microscopy. The proposed mechanism for the adsorption of I involves the chemisorption of the metal cluster at the platinum surface by losing the acetonitrile ligand. The original cluster, Ru3(CO)12, could not be adsorbed under the same experimental conditions used for cluster I. The cluster-modified surface was treated with hydrogen for the reduction of the cluster to its metallic state on the Pt surface. This was done at different temperatures. The XPS results show the formation of a complex Ru−RuO2−RuO3/Pt surface.
Effects of Diet on Ungulate Excretion of Enterococcus spp., Streptococcus bovis, and Streptococcus equinus in Feces (1995)

Abstract We compared fecal streptococci (FS) quantities and species composition excreted by native and domestic ungulates that were consuming various feed rations. Group 1 was comprised of elk ( Cervus elaphus ), white‐tailed deer ( Odocoileus virginianus ), and bighorn sheep ( Ovis canadensis ) fed alfalfa ( Medicago sativa ) hay. Group 2 consisted of elk, cattle ( Bos spp.), mule deer ( Odocoileus hemionus ), domestic sheep ( Ovis aries ), and horses ( Equus caballus ) grazing separate grass paddocks of similar botanical composition. Group 3 had four subgroups of cattle each fed a different feed ration: (1) grain and silage; (2) hay, grain, and silage; (3) hay; and pasture. The FS were isolated from ungulate species in each group using the membrane filter technique. Filters were placed on KF streptococcus agar and all pink to red colonies were counted. The FS composition was determined by randomly selecting 20 colonies from each filter and then identified by using growth characteristics and C source utilization. Forage samples were analyzed for crude protein (CP) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF). Ungulates did exhibit some differences in FS quantities and composition, however, all FS species were present in most all ungulates and occurrences were highly variable. Nutritive quality of ungulate diets on grazed forage did not greatly affect the quantities and composition of FS excreted, but trends were difficult to discern because of the high variability of FS samples. Botanical composition of ungulate diets altered both FS quantities and composition. The FS quantities from cattle were greatest when cattle were fed grain rations and smallest when cattle consumed hay or pasture forage. Streptococcus bovis proliferated in feces of cattle fed grain and silage rations while S. equinus and Enterococcus durans dominated on pasture and hay diets. We concluded that the use of FS as indicators of fecal pollution from specific ungulates is unreliable in most cases because of the effects of forage nutritive quality and botanical composition.
Skap2 is required for β2 integrin–mediated neutrophil recruitment and functions (2017)

Integrin activation is required for neutrophil functions. Impaired integrin activation on neutrophils is the hallmark of leukocyte adhesion deficiency (LAD) syndrome in humans, characterized by impaired leukocyte recruitment and recurrent infections. The Src kinase-associated phosphoprotein 2 (Skap2) is involved in integrin functions in different leukocyte subtypes. However, the role of Skap2 in β<sub>2</sub> integrin activation and neutrophil recruitment is unknown. In this study, we demonstrate the crucial role of Skap2 in regulating actin polymerization and binding of talin-1 and kindlin-3 to the β<sub>2</sub> integrin cytoplasmic domain, thereby being indispensable for β<sub>2</sub> integrin activation and neutrophil recruitment. The direct interaction of Skap2 with the Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein via its SH3 domain is critical for integrin activation and neutrophil recruitment in vivo. Furthermore, Skap2 regulates integrin-mediated outside-in signaling events and neutrophil functions. Thus, Skap2 is essential to activate the β<sub>2</sub> integrins, and loss of Skap2 function is sufficient to cause a LAD-like phenotype in mice.
Three Dimensional Velocity Measurement of Microbubble Impinging Jet Using Combined Shadow and Scattered Light Imaging (2016)

Microbubble flows are employed in a variety of engineering applications, such as the cleaning of surfaces, drag reduction in ship hulls and various chemical plant processes. Especially for surface cleaning, the measurement of the bubble and liquid flow speed is required for the better understanding of cleaning efficiency. PIV is a useful tool for the measurement of the fluid velocity, because it is possible to measure planar flow structures without disturbing the flow field. To apply PIV to microbubble flows, the separation of microbubbles and liquid in the acquired images is required. In the present study, we present a velocity measurement system for gas-liquid two phase flows that employs phase discrimination based on the different optical properties of the bubbles and solid tracer particles. By using two cameras, the 3-dimensional position and velocity of both phases in microbubble impinging jet was successfully measured.
Myhill-Nerode Relation for Sequentiable Structures (2017)

Sequentiable structures are a subclass of monoids that generalise the free monoids and the monoid of non-negative real numbers with addition. In this paper we consider functions $f:Σ^*\rightarrow {\cal M}$ and define the Myhill-Nerode relation for these functions. We prove that a function of finite index, $n$, can be represented with a subsequential transducer with $n$ states.
Saillance normative au service de la promotion de l’activité physique chez les patients diabétiques de type ll (2016)

International audience
In-pixel self-calibrating IRFPA (1994)

In this paper we present a staring IRFPA including an in-pixel dc current suppression scheme. This circuit allows a self-calibration mode (SCM) suppressing the dc current. A 64 X 64 IRFPA with 100 micrometers pitch and 4.2 micrometers cut-off wavelength MCT PV detectors has been achieved and tested at 200 K. At this temperature, the ratio between dark and useful photonic current is close to 100. After SCM, the residual integrated current is reduced to typically 1% of the detector initial current. This enables the integration time to be increased by two orders of magnitude, which drastically improves IRFPA sensitivity and resolution. At 200 K operating temperature, we obtained a peak wavelength responsivity (R<SUB>(lambda</SUB> p)) of 10<SUP>10</SUP> V/W and a noise equivalent differential temperature (NEDT) (temporally noise limited) of 80 mK (30 degree(s) FOV, 300 K background, 200 Hz frame rate). The SCM circuit avoids integration and readout of useless information and thus releases the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) required for the readout integrated circuit (ROIC). This makes circuit design easier, for both multiplexers and output stages, and reduces the number of bits required for digital image processing.
201 Reversible Metabolism (2022)

This project originated more than 15 years ago with the intent to produce a glossary of drug metabolism terms having definitions especially applicable for use by practicing medicinal chemists. A first-draft version underwent extensive beta-testing that, fortuitously, engaged international audiences in a wide range of disciplines involved in drug discovery and development. It became clear that the inclusion of information to enhance discussions among this mix of participants would be even more valuable. The present version retains a chemical structure theme while expanding tutorial comments that aim to bridge the various perspectives that may arise during interdisciplinary communications about a given term. This glossary is intended to be educational for early stage researchers, as well as useful for investigators at various levels who participate on today’s highly multidisciplinary, collaborative small molecule drug discovery teams.
National Performance Benchmarks for Modern Screening Digital Mammography: Update from the Breast Cancer Surveillance Consortium (2016)

Purpose To establish contemporary performance benchmarks for diagnostic digital mammography with use of recent data from the Breast Cancer Surveillance Consortium (BCSC). Materials and Methods Institutional review board approval was obtained for active or passive consenting processes or to obtain a waiver of consent to enroll participants, link data, and perform analyses. Data were obtained from six BCSC registries (418 radiologists, 92 radiology facilities). Mammogram indication and assessments were prospectively collected for women undergoing diagnostic digital mammography and linked with cancer diagnoses from state cancer registries. The study included 401 548 examinations conducted from 2007 to 2013 in 265 360 women. Results Overall diagnostic performance measures were as follows: cancer detection rate, 34.7 per 1000 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 34.1, 35.2); abnormal interpretation rate, 12.6% (95% CI: 12.5%, 12.7%); positive predictive value (PPV) of a biopsy recommendation (PPV<sub>2</sub>), 27.5% (95% CI: 27.1%, 27.9%); PPV of biopsies performed (PPV<sub>3</sub>), 30.4% (95% CI: 29.9%, 30.9%); false-negative rate, 4.8 per 1000 (95% CI: 4.6, 5.0); sensitivity, 87.8% (95% CI: 87.3%, 88.4%); and specificity, 90.5% (95% CI: 90.4%, 90.6%). Among cancers detected, 63.4% were stage 0 or 1 cancers, 45.6% were minimal cancers, the mean size of invasive cancers was 21.2 mm, and 69.6% of invasive cancers were node negative. Performance metrics varied widely across diagnostic indications, with cancer detection rate (64.5 per 1000) and abnormal interpretation rate (18.7%) highest for diagnostic mammograms obtained to evaluate a breast problem with a lump. Compared with performance during the screen-film mammography era, diagnostic digital performance showed increased abnormal interpretation and cancer detection rates and decreasing PPVs, with less than 70% of radiologists within acceptable ranges for PPV<sub>2</sub> and PPV<sub>3</sub>. Conclusion These performance measures can serve as national benchmarks that may help transform the marked variation in radiologists' diagnostic performance into targeted quality improvement efforts. <sup>©</sup> RSNA, 2017 Online supplemental material is available for this article.
Optical Measurements on Liquid Metals Using a New Ellipsometer (1968)

A new kind of ellipsometer which employs continuously rotating sheet polarizers is described. It enables the restored azimuth Ψ and the differential phase change Δ for light reflected from a metal surface to be obtained very directly from null settings of a polarizer or analyzer with a precision of 0.1°. The instrument has been used to study the optical constants of liquid metals, especially mercury, in the wavelength range 0.4–0.7 μ. Particular attention was paid to the problem of surface contamination, and evidence is presented that a glow discharge is particularly effective in removing this. Measurements have been carried out on surfaces in contact with glass and quartz as well as upon free surfaces. The results are internally consistent but differ significantly from the predictions of the Drude free-electron theory.
Robust Robot Navigation using Polar Coordinates in Dynamic Environments (2014)

This paper presents robust robot navigation using polar coordinates in dynamic environments based on our previous work which was to move toward a target while avoiding static and dynamic obstacles. It utilized vector polar histogram (VPH) with velocity obstacle (VO) for the navigation and obstacle avoidance but had difficulties in detecting dynamic obstacles and reaching the target accurately. To overcome those problems, polar scan matching (PSM) is combined with our previous work. It allows the robot to localize its pose more correctly, which causes an improvement of dynamic obstacle detection. Simulations are performed to verify that our approach outperforms other conventional navigation methods in terms of obstacle avoidance and reaching the target accurately.
Reversible and irreversible degradation processes in low temperature fuel cells (2005)

The electrochemical performance of low temperature fuel cells degrades during operation. This degradation can be separated into reversible (recoverable after shut downs) and irreversible parts. The com¬bination of electro¬chemical investigations of the electrodes and electrode-membrane-assemblies during the fuel cell operation with interface characterization by physical methods facilitates the identification of the important degradation processes. The different processes are associated with reversible or irreversible performance degradation.
Stress Assessment Based on Decision Fusion of EEG and fNIRS Signals (2017)

emergingFusion of electroencephalography (EEG) and functional near infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) is an emerging approach in the field of psychological and neurological studies. We developed a decision fusion technique to combine the output probabilities of the EEG and fNIRS classifiers. The fusion explored support vector machine as classifier for each modality, and optimized the classifiers based on their receiver operating characteristic curve values. EEG and fNIRS signal were acquired simultaneously while performing mental arithmetic task under control and stress conditions. Experiment results from 20 subjects demonstrated significant improvement in the detection rate of mental stress by +7.76% (p <; 0.001) and +10.57% (p <; 0.0005), compared with sole modality of EEG and fNIRS, respectively.
Field Guide to Infrared Systems (2006)

This Field Guide is written to clarify and summarize the theoretical principles of infrared technology. It describes the basic elements involving image formation and image quality, radiometry and flux transfer, and explains the figures of merit involving detector performance. It considers the development of search infrared systems, and specifies the main descriptors used to characterize thermal imaging systems. Furthermore, this guide clarifies, identifies, and evaluates the engineering trade-offs in the design of an infrared system
Structure−Property Relationships in Dendritic Encapsulation (2000)

Several molecular structure-property relationships are presented and compared to illustrate our current understanding of macromolecular encapsulation using dendrimers. Specifically, the effect that dendrimer architectures have on encapsulating photoactive and redox-active units fixed at the molecular core is considered.
Recruitment, careers and legislative behavior of German parliamentarians, 1848-1953 (1982)

In dem Beitrag wird ein Forschungsprojekt dargestellt, in dem es um den Zusammenhang zwischen dem Wesen des sozialen Systems und der Art der Machtorganisation in Deutschland von Mitte des 19. Jahrhunderts bis in die frühe Phase der BRD geht. Dazu werden Daten über biographische und karrierebezogene Merkmale, parlamentarisches Wahlverhalten und Wahlbezirke von ca. 5250 Mitgliedern deutscher Nationalparlamente zwischen 1848 und 1953 gesammelt, um damit die Methoden der Kollektivbiographie, der quantitativen Wahlanalyse und der Mehrebenenanalyse (im Sinne einer Anwendung von Kontextvariablen auf der Ebene es Wahlbezirks) zu kombinieren. Mit dieser Kombination von Methoden wird zuerst das Rekrutierungs- und das legislative Verhalten parlamentarischer Führergruppen rekonstruiert, und zwar in einer empirischen Dichte und zeitlichen Tiefe, wie es bisher im Fall von Deutschland nicht verfügbar war. In einem zweiten Schritt werden die Feststellungen in einen Forschungsplan eingebaut, in dem es um die Frage geht: Welche strukturellen Eigenheiten der sie umgebenden Gesellschaft und politischen Kultur haben die Fähigkeit parlamentarischer Führungsgruppen bestimmt, Versprechungen zu machen, Koalitionen zu bilden und damit auch Macht zu erlangen, und zwar in einer Weise, die dann wieder zur Entwicklung - durch Krisen verzögert und gestört - des deutschen Parlamentarismus beitrug?
Multi-domain MEC orchestration platform for enhanced Back Situation Awareness (2021)

In the context of public safety, 5G offers great opportunities towards enhancing mission-critical services, by running network functions at the network edge to provide reliable and low-latency services. This demo introduces an on-demand Back Situation Awareness (BSA) application service, in a multi-domain scenario, enabling early notification for vehicles of an approaching Emergency Vehicle (EmV), indicating its Estimated Time of Arrival (ETA). The application provides the drivers ample time to create a safety corridor for the EmV to pass through unhindered in a safe manner thereby increasing the mission success. For this demo, we have developed an orchestrated MEC platform on which we have implemented the BSA service following modern cloud-native principles, based on Docker and Kubernetes.
Mandibular Reconstruction Using Bone Morphogenetic ProteinLong‐Term Follow‐up in a Canine Model (1999)

This study demonstrated that rhBMP-2 in a bioerodible particle carrier induced new host bone formation across critical-size mandibular defects. The newly formed bone successfully integrated with existing host bone creating a stable union capable of withstanding the forces of masticatory function in a canine. There was some evidence of early bone resorption (thinning of the cortical bone and decrease in height) in the rhBMP-2-induced bone. The rhBMP-2-induced bone stabilized by 11 months after reconstruction and no further resorption was noted. The percentage of area of the defect replaced by rhBMP-2-induced bone (area density) increased over 30 months. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED)
SOUTH- Emerging Rift in Kerala CPI(M) (1974)

﻿SOUTH Emerging Rift in Kerala CPI(M) Mohit Sen THE entire politbureau of the CPI(M) has descended on Kerala, In a sense there is no reason to wonder at this .since Kerala is, alter all, the second mass base of that party. And that mass base has not been behaving as the party has wanted it to. The mass base itself remains large and for voting purposes it is formidable. Why, then, has it remained more than a trifle deaf to the repeated calls for action issued to it by the CPI(M) leadership of the state?
Cross Priming Amplification: Mechanism and Optimization for Isothermal DNA Amplification (2012)

CPA is a class of isothermal amplification reactions that is carried out by a strand displacement DNA polymerase and does not require an initial denaturation step or the addition of a nicking enzyme. At the assay temperature of 63°C, the formation of a primer-template hybrid at transient, spontaneous denaturation bubbles in the DNA template is favored over re-annealing of the template strands by the high concentration of primer relative to template DNA. Strand displacement is encouraged by the annealing of cross primers with 5' ends that are not complementary to the template strand and the binding of a displacement primer upstream of the crossing primer. The resulting exponential amplification of target DNA is highly specific and highly sensitive, producing amplicons from as few as four bacterial cells. Here we report on the basic CPA mechanism - single crossing CPA - and provide details on alternative mechanisms.
Techniker der „kalten Fusion“ Das Führungspersonal der Linkspartei (2007)

Die „kalte Fusion“ gilt in der Wissenschaft als unmöglich und wird mancherorts auch als Metapher für eine Wunderlösung verwendet. Ähnlich verhält es sich in Deutschland mit der Vorstellung einer politisch geeinten Linken. Doch eben diesen Anspruch vertritt das Projekt „Linkspartei“. Will man eine einigermaßen verlässliche Prognose über den Verlauf der Parteineugründung stellen, will man also die Chancen und Risiken, eines solchen Unterfangens ausloten, so kommt man um die Betrachtung des Führungspersonals, gleichsam der Techniker, nicht umhin. Denn das Führungspersonal lenkt und strukturiert Prozesse, gibt Richtungen vor, fasst Beschlüsse und setzt sie durch. Worte und Taten der Führungspersonen beeinflussen die innere Stimmungslage einer Partei ganz außerordentlich, denn auf sie reagieren die zahlreichen Untergliederungen bis hin zu den einzelnen Mitgliedern. Und gerade ein solch kompliziertes Manöver wie die möglichst harmonische Zusammenführung zweier Parteien stellt für die Akteure in den verantwortungsreichen Positionen eine enorme Herausforderung dar. Es gilt daher zu ergründen, inwieweit die einzelnen Personen mit ihren jeweiligen Fähigkeiten aus ihrem Amt heraus die Stabilität des Linksprojekts, speziell den Verlauf des Fusionsprozesses beeinträchtigen und welche besonderen Gefahren oder Chancen aus ihren Charakteristika individuell erwachsen können. Der nachfolgenden Betrachtung der einzelnen Protagonisten sei allerdings noch eine kurze Begründung der Fallauswahl vorangestellt
History of the World Allergy Organization: 1989 to 2006, the XVIII World Allergy Congress, Journal Development, Reorganization, and New Programs (2011)

<h2>Abstract</h2> History of the World Allergy Organization: In 1951, the leaders in allergy from all over the world came together to form the International Association of Allergology and Clinical Immunology (IAACI). For the next 60 years, the allergy world converged at the IAACI triennial meetings, which became biennial in 2003. The international meetings, originally named the International Congress of Allergology and Clinical Immunology (ICACI), are now the World Allergy Congress (WAC) hosted by the World Allergy Organization (WAO). Everyone who has aspired to have worldwide recognition has played a part in IAACI-WAO. The History of the WAO traces the global arc of the allergy field over the past 60 years. The current officers of WAO elected to focus on this rich history, inviting prominent leaders who are interested in being part of this history project to write about their time with IAACI-WAO. This series will be presented in Cancún, México, as part of the XXII World Allergy Congress (December 4-8, 2011). Leading up to the Congress in Cancún, the WAO Journal is presenting segments of the History as part of the "Notes of Allergy Watchers Series." Please enjoy. --Michael A. Kaliner, MD Historian, and Past-President (2006-2007), World Allergy Organization
Agroressour pour une chimie durable (2010)

La chimie des ressources renouvelables est bien au cœur du developpement durable. La biomasse offre une importante source de matieres premieres, ideales pour le developpement de molecules fonctionnelles ou intermediaires de synthese telles que le carbonate de glycerol ou le glycidol, les nouveaux tensioactifs biocompatibles et biodegradables a base de sucres, les composites argile-extrait glycoproteique d'algues vertes et les nouveaux solvants et composes hydrotropes derives de l'isosorbide.