gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Efficient Quantum Key Distribution Scheme And Proof of Its Unconditional Security (2000)

We devise a simple modification that essentially doubles the efficiency of the BB84 quantum key distribution scheme proposed by Bennett and Brassard. We also prove the security of our modified scheme against the most general eavesdropping attack that is allowed by the laws of physics. The first major ingredient of our scheme is the assignment of significantly different probabilities to the different polarization bases during both transmission and reception, thus reducing the fraction of discarded data. A second major ingredient of our scheme is a refined analysis of accepted data: We divide the accepted data into various subsets according to the basis employed and estimate an error rate for each subset *separately*. We then show that such a refined data analysis guarantees the security of our scheme against the most general eavesdropping strategy, thus generalizing Shor and Preskill's proof of security of BB84 to our new scheme. Up till now, most proposed proofs of security of single-particle type quantum key distribution schemes have relied heavily upon the fact that the bases are chosen uniformly, randomly and independently. Our proof removes this symmetry requirement.
Screening of two-photon activated photodynamic therapy sensitizers using a 3D osteosarcoma model (2019)

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) involves a photosensitizing agent activated with light to induce cell death. Two-photon excited PDT (TPE-PDT) offers numerous benefits compared to traditional one-photon induced PDT, including an increased penetration depth and precision. However, the in vitro profiling and comparison of two-photon photosensitizers (PS) are still troublesome. Herein, we report the development of an in vitro screening platform of TPE-PS using a 3D osteosarcoma cell culture. The platform was tested using three different two-photon (2P) active compounds - a 2P sensitizer P2CK, a fluorescent dye Eosin Y, and a porphyrin derivative (TPP). Their 2P absorption cross-sections (σ<sub>2PA</sub>) were characterised using a fully automated z-scan setup. TPP exhibited a remarkably high σ<sub>2PA</sub> at 720 nm (8865 GM) and P2CK presented a high absorption at 850 nm (405 GM), while Eosin Y had the lowest 2P absorption at the studied wavelengths (<100 GM). The cellular uptake of PS visualized using confocal laser scanning microscopy showed that both TPP and P2CK were internalized by the cells, while Eosin Y stayed mainly in the surrounding media. The efficiency of the former two TPE-PS was quantified using the PrestoBlue metabolic assay, showing a significant reduction in cell viability after two-photon irradiation. The possibility of damage localization was demonstrated using a co-culture of adipose derived stem cells together with osteosarcoma spheroids showing no signs of damage to the surrounding healthy cells after TPE-PDT.
Design and characterization of a microfabricated hydrogen clearance blood flow sensor (2020)

Modern cerebral blood flow (CBF) detection favors the use of either optical technologies that are limited to cortical brain regions, or expensive magnetic resonance. Decades ago, inhalation gas clearance was the choice method of quantifying CBF, but this suffered from poor temporal resolution. Electrolytic H2 clearance (EHC) generates and collects gas in situ at an electrode pair, which improves temporal resolution, but the probe size has prohibited meaningful subcortical use.
Sibling Vesicoureteral Reflux in Multiple Gestation Births (2000)

High concordance for VUR in identical twin siblings supports a genetic basis for the transmission of this disease. Results obtained from fraternal twin siblings provides convincing evidence that this trait is transmitted in an autosomal dominant fashion.
Multihop routing and resource allocation for multimedia applications in dynamic spectrum access networks (2011)

In this paper, we propose a distributed routing mechanism in dynamic spectrum access (DSA) networks based on a pricing mechanism, in which each node put prices on their relaying services and adjust the price according to the interference condition and the spectrum availability. The proposed mechanism tries to provide required bandwidth for multimedia transmissions in DSA networks. DSA networks employing cognitive radios enable agile transmissions and provide additional transmission capacity that would otherwise be unavailable. Although the technologies applied in DSA networks provide more information than traditional contention-based networks, conventional resource allocation mechanisms cannot fully use these measurements from the MAC layers to regulate the network. The interference pattern in distributed DSA networks is also not the same as it is in contention-based TDMA networks. Consequently, spectrum allocation mechanisms must cooperate with routing algorithms in order to adapt to the rapidly varying environment of distributed wireless networks. Routing decision is made based on the price offered and price for relaying. Resources are allocated during the routing process according to interference predictions based on spectrum measurements. Simulation results show that the proposed approach increased the throughput of the network by approximately 100% in heavy traffic situation relative to an AODV based direct resource allocation approach.
Killing of Candida albicans by Human Salivary Histatin 5 Is Modulated, but Not Determined, by the Potassium Channel TOK1 (2003)

Salivary histatin 5 (Hst 5), a potent toxin for the human fungal pathogen Candida albicans, induces noncytolytic efflux of cellular ATP, potassium, and magnesium in the absence of cytolysis, implicating these ion movements in the toxin's fungicidal activity. Hst 5 action on Candida resembles, in many respects, the action of the K1 killer toxin on Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and in that system the yeast plasma membrane potassium channel, Tok1p, has recently been reported to be a primary target of toxin action. The question of whether the Candida homologue of Saccharomyces Tok1p might be a primary target of Hst 5 action has now been investigated by disruption of the C. albicans TOK1 gene. The resultant strains (TOK1/tok1) and (tok1/tok1) were compared with wild-type Candida (TOK1/TOK1) for relative ATP leakage and killing in response to Hst 5. Patch-clamp measurements on Candida protoplasts were used to verify the functional deletion of Tok1p and to provide its first description in Candida. Tok1p is an outwardly rectifying, noisily gated, 40-pS channel, very similar to that described in Saccharomyces. Knockout of CaTOK1 (tok1/tok1) completely abolishes the currents and gating events characteristic of Tok1p. Also, knockout (tok1/tok1) increases residual viability of Candida after Hst 5 treatment to 27%, from 7% in the wild type, while the single allele deletion (TOK1/tok1) increases viability to 18%. Comparable results were obtained for Hst-induced ATP efflux, but quantitative features of ATP loss suggest that wild-type TOK1 genes function cooperatively. Overall, very substantial killing and ATP efflux are produced by Hst 5 treatment after complete knockout of wild-type TOK1, making clear that Tok1p channels are not the primary site of Hst 5 action, even though they do play a modulating role.
Nanosecond range electric pulse application as a non-viral gene delivery method: proof of concept (2018)

Current electrotransfection protocols are well-established for decades and, as a rule, employ long micro-millisecond range electric field pulses to facilitate DNA transfer while application of nanosecond range pulses is limited. The purpose of this paper is to show that the transfection using ultrashort pulses is possible by regulating the pulse repetition frequency. We have used 200 ns pulses (10-18 kV/cm) in bursts of ten with varied repetition frequency (1 Hz-1 MHz). The Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO) cells were used as a cell model. Experiments were performed using green fluorescent protein (GFP) and luciferase (LUC) coding plasmids. Transfection expression levels were evaluated using flow cytometry or luminometer. It was shown that with the increase of frequency from 100 kHz to 1 MHz, the transfection expression levels increased up to 17% with minimal decrease in cell viability. The LUC coding plasmid was transferred more efficiently using high frequency bursts compared to single pulses of equivalent energy. The first proof of concept for frequency-controlled nanosecond electrotransfection was shown, which can find application as a new non-viral gene delivery method.
Using electron balances and molecular techniques to assess trichoroethene‐induced shifts to a dechlorinating microbial community (2012)

This study demonstrated the utility in correlating performance and community structure of a trichloroethene (TCE)-dechlorinating microbial consortium; specifically dechlorinators, fermenters, homoacetogens, and methanogens. Two complementary approaches were applied: predicting trends in the microbial community structure based on an electron balance analysis and experimentally assessing the community structure via pyrosequencing and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Fill-and-draw reactors inoculated with the DehaloR^2 consortium were operated at five TCE-pulsing rates between 14 and 168 µmol/10-day-SRT, amended with TCE every 2 days to give peak concentrations between 0.047 and 0.56 mM (6-74 ppm) and supplied lactate and methanol as sources of e(-) donor and carbon. The complementary approaches demonstrated the same trends: increasing abundance of Dehalococcoides and Geobacter and decreasing abundance of Firmicutes with increasing TCE pulsing rate, except for the highest pulsing rate. Based on qPCR, the abundance of Geobacter and Dehalococcoides decreased for the highest TCE pulsing rate, and pyrosequencing showed this same trend for the latter. This deviation suggested decoupling of Dehalococcoides growth from dechlorination. At pseudo steady-state, methanogenesis was minimal for all TCE pulsing rates. Pyrosequencing and qPCR showed suppression of the homoacetogenic genera Acetobacterium at the two highest pulsing rates, and it was corroborated by a decreased production of acetate from lactate fermentation and increased propionate production. Suppression of Acetobacterium, which can provide growth factors to Dehalococcoides, may have contributed to the decoupling for the highest TCE-pulsing rate.
A specific time course for mobilization of peripheral blood CD34+ cells after plerixafor injection in very poor mobilizer patients: impact on the timing of the apheresis procedure (2012)

Had such patients been tested for PB CD34+ cell mobilization according to conventional criteria (i.e., 11 hr after plerixafor administration), apheresis would not have been performed at the optimal timing. For very poor stem cell mobilizer patients, early monitoring of PB CD34+ cell count may be required for the optimal initiation of apheresis.
Coordinated control of multiple facts devices in an electric (2003)

These Ecole polytechnique federale de Lausanne EPFL, n° 2820 (2003)Section d'electriciteFaculte des sciences et techniques de l'ingenieurInstitut des sciences de l'energieLaboratoire de reseaux electriquesJury: Rainer Bacher, Patrick Braun, Daniel Mlynek, Alfred Rufer Public defense: 2003-9-25 Reference doi:10.5075/epfl-thesis-2820Print copy in library catalog Record created on 2005-03-16, modified on 2016-08-08
Exome sequencing identifies variants in infants with sacral agenesis (2022)

To our knowledge, this is the first study reporting a possible association between ID1 and non-syndromic SA. Although maternal pregestational diabetes has been strongly associated with SA, the missense variants in ID1 identified in two of three children were paternally inherited. These findings add to the knowledge of gene variants associated with non-syndromic SA and provide data for future studies.
Investigation of the Putative Associations Between Dairy Consumption and Incidence of Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes (2012)

A growing body of evidence suggests a possible relationship between the consumption of dairy products and the incidence of diabetes. A positive correlation between the early introduction of dairy in infancy and the incidence of type 1 diabetes (T1D) in genetically predisposed infants has been suggested by studies on rodents and humans. However, the lines of evidence supporting this association, including epidemiological studies and the observation of antibodies to bovine serum albumin, β-casein and bovine insulin in the serum of patients with T1D, are not without controversy. On the other hand, an inverse relationship between the consumption of dairy foods and the development of metabolic syndrome and/or type 2 diabetes (T2D) has been implied by epidemiological studies. Several dairy components, especially milk proteins, are believed to play a role in the beneficial effect of dairy consumption on glucose regulation by modulation of incretin hormones. Other dietary factors have also been associated with the incidence of T1D and T2D, indicating that dairy foods might be only one among many dietary agents possibly implicated in the development of diabetes. The present paper critically reviews the evidence and plausible mechanisms for the putative associations between dairy food consumption and incidence of T1D and T2D.
Clinical Risk Factors for SevereClostridium difficile–associated Disease (2009)

Identifying patients who are at high risk for severe Clostridium difficile-associated disease (CDAD) early in the course of their infection may help clinicians improve outcomes. Therefore, we compared clinical features associated with severe versus nonsevere CDAD by retrospectively reviewing records of hospitalized patients whose fecal assays were positive for C. difficile toxin. Of 336 patients, 12.2% had severe disease and 10.1% died from all causes. Regression modeling showed the following to be significantly associated with severe CDAD (p< or =0.05): age >70 years (odds ratio [OR] 3.35), maximum leukocyte count >20,000 cells/mL (OR 2.77), minimum albumin level <2.5 g/dL (OR 3.44), maximum creatinine level >2 mg/dL (OR 2.47), small bowel obstruction or ileus (OR 3.06), and computed tomography scan showing colorectal inflammation (OR 13.54). These clinical and laboratory markers for severe disease may be useful for identifying patients at risk for serious outcomes or death.
Evaluation of Head Orientation and Neck Muscle EMG Signals as Command Inputs to a Human–Computer Interface for Individuals With High Tetraplegia (2008)

We investigated the performance of three user interfaces for restoration of cursor control in individuals with tetraplegia: head orientation, electromyography (EMG) from face and neck muscles, and a standard computer mouse (for comparison). Subjects engaged in a 2-D, center-out, Fitts' Law style task and performance was evaluated using several measures. Overall, head orientation commanded motion resembled mouse commanded cursor motion (smooth, accurate movements to all targets), although with somewhat lower performance. EMG commanded movements exhibited a higher average speed, but other performance measures were lower, particularly for diagonal targets. Compared to head orientation, EMG as a cursor command source was less accurate, was more affected by target direction and was more prone to overshoot the target. In particular, EMG commands for diagonal targets were more sequential, moving first in one direction and then the other rather than moving simultaneous in the two directions. While the relative performance of each user interface differs, each has specific advantages depending on the application.
Familial ulcerative colitis in Israeli Jews: its prevalence and clinical severity compared to sporadic disease. (2011)

Familial occurrence of UC is not uncommon among Jewish patients in Israel. The familial-genetic component may preferentially influence disease occurrence among females, and is possibly associated with more disease flares although other parameters of disease severity do not seem to be impacted.
Familial mesial temporal lobe epilepsy maps to chromosome 4q13.2-q21.3 (2007)

We report identification of a genetic locus for familial mesial temporal lobe epilepsy. The identification of a disease-causing gene will contribute to our understanding of the pathogenesis of temporal lobe epilepsies.
Speedpath analysis under parametric timing models (2010)

The clock frequency of a digital IC is limited by its slowest paths, designated by speedpaths. Given the extreme complexity involved in modeling modern IC technologies, often speedpath predictions provided by timing analysis tools are not correct. Therefore, several practical techniques have recently been proposed for design debugging, that combine silicon stepping of improved versions of a circuit with subsequent correlation between measured and predicted data. Addressing these issues, this paper proposes a set of techniques that enable the designer to obtain reduced subsets of paths, guaranteed to contain all the speedpaths of a given circuit or block. Such subsets can be computed either from timing models, prior to fabrication, or incorporating actual delay measurements from fabricated instances.
Preface (2012)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO BOOKPREVChapterNEXTPrefaceThomas A. HorbettThomas A. Horbett Departments of Bioengineering and Chemical Engineering University of Washington Seattle, Washington 98195 More by Thomas A. Horbett, John L. BrashJohn L. Brash School of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering McMaster University Hamilton, Ontario, Canada L8S 4L8 More by John L. Brash, and Willem NordeWillem Norde Department of Biomedical Engineering University Medical Center Groningen Groningen, The Netherlands Laboratory of Physical Chemistry and Colloid Science Wageningen University The Netherlands More by Willem NordeDOI: 10.1021/bk-2012-1120.pr001 This publication is free to access through this site. Learn MorePublication Date (Web):December 12, 2012Publication History Published online12 December 2012Published inprint 1 January 2012Request reuse permissions Copyright © 2012 American Chemical Society. This publication is available under these Terms of Use. Proteins at Interfaces III State of the Artpp xi-xiiACS Symposium SeriesVol. 1120ISBN13: 9780841227965eISBN: 9780841227972Chapter Views268Citations2LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSChapter Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail PDF (153 KB) Get e-Alerts
Cloning and disruption of the antigenic catalase gene of Aspergillus fumigatus (1997)

Aspergillus fumigatus possesses two catalases (described as fast and slow on the basis of their electrophoretic mobility). The slow catalase has been recognized as a diagnostic antigen for aspergillosis in immunocompetent patients. The antigenic catalase has been purified. The enzyme is a tetrameric protein composed of 90-kDa subunits. The corresponding cat1 gene was cloned, and sequencing data show that the cat1 gene codes for a 728-amino-acid polypeptide. A recombinant protein expressed in Pichia pastoris is enzymatically active and has biochemical and antigenic properties that are similar to those of the wild-type catalase. Molecular experiments reveal that CAT1 contains a signal peptide and a propeptide of 15 and 12 amino acid residues, respectively. cat1-disrupted mutants that were unable to produce the slow catalase were as sensitive to H2O2 and polymorphonuclear cells as the wild-type strain. In addition, there was no difference in pathogenicity between the cat1 mutant and its parental cat1+ strain in a murine model of aspergillosis.
A review of near-infrared spectroscopy for monitoring moisture content and density of solid wood (2013)

This review article examines past and current research on the application of near-infrared (NIR) reflectance/transmittance spectroscopy (NIRS) for real-time monitoring of moisture content and density of solid wood. Most of the applications of NIRS on solid wood have focussed on the application of multivariate statistics as exploratory tools for the prediction of physical, chemical and mechanical properties, such as moisture content, density, stiffness, cellulose and lignin content. However, very few studies on the development of optical models and the use of NIRS transmittance techniques on solid wood have been reported. NIRS technology has the potential to be used as a rapid tool that could be employed for at-line measurement and monitoring of wood properties in the forest products industry.
Atomically Dispersed Iridium on Indium Tin Oxide Efficiently Catalyzes Water Oxidation (2020)

Heterogeneous catalysts in the form of atomically dispersed metals on a support provide the most efficient utilization of the active component, which is especially important for scarce and expensive late transition metals. These catalysts also enable unique opportunities to understand reaction pathways through detailed spectroscopic and computational studies. Here, we demonstrate that atomically dispersed iridium sites on indium tin oxide prepared via surface organometallic chemistry display exemplary catalytic activity in one of the most challenging electrochemical processes, the oxygen evolution reaction (OER). <i>In situ</i> X-ray absorption studies revealed the formation of Ir<sup>V</sup>=O intermediate under OER conditions with an Ir-O distance of 1.83 Å. Modeling of the reaction mechanism indicates that Ir<sup>V</sup>=O is likely a catalyst resting state, which is subsequently oxidized to Ir<sup>VI</sup> enabling fast water nucleophilic attack and oxygen evolution. We anticipate that the applied strategy can be instrumental in preparing and studying a broad range of atomically dispersed transition metal catalysts on conductive oxides for (photo)electrochemical applications.
Use of Growth Hormone and Growth Hormone Secretagogues in Aging: Help or Harm (2001)

Harbor–UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California Correspondence: Omid Khorram, MD, PhD, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Box 489, Harbor–UCLA Medical Center, 1000 West Carson Street, Torrance, CA 90502.