gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Enhancement of the gut barrier integrity by a microbial metabolite through the Nrf2 pathway (2019)

The importance of gut microbiota in human health and pathophysiology is undisputable. Despite the abundance of metagenomics data, the functional dynamics of gut microbiota in human health and disease remain elusive. Urolithin A (UroA), a major microbial metabolite derived from polyphenolics of berries and pomegranate fruits displays anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative, and anti-ageing activities. Here, we show that UroA and its potent synthetic analogue (UAS03) significantly enhance gut barrier function and inhibit unwarranted inflammation. We demonstrate that UroA and UAS03 exert their barrier functions through activation of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR)- nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)-dependent pathways to upregulate epithelial tight junction proteins. Importantly, treatment with these compounds attenuated colitis in pre-clinical models by remedying barrier dysfunction in addition to anti-inflammatory activities. Cumulatively, the results highlight how microbial metabolites provide two-pronged beneficial activities at gut epithelium by enhancing barrier functions and reducing inflammation to protect from colonic diseases.
Noninvasive monitoring of patients with chronic hepatitis C (2002)

Hepatic fibrosis is the main determinant of clinical outcomes of chronic hepatitis C. Liver histology is frequently considered the gold standard for assessing hepatic fibrosis. However, liver biopsy is associated with sampling error, interobserver variability, and potential complications. Thus, there is a need for simple, inexpensive, and reliable noninvasive means to assess disease severity in patients with chronic hepatitis C. Clinical examination is unreliable in differentiating different stages of compensated liver disease. Among the routine laboratory tests, decreased platelet count, increase in the ratio of aspartate to alanine aminotransferase (AST/ALT), and prolonged prothrombin time are the earliest indicators of cirrhosis and portal hypertension. Individual serum fibrosis markers have limited accuracy in predicting hepatic fibrosis. Indices composed of a panel of markers correlate better with histological fibrosis, but their reliability requires further validation. Currently, noninvasive monitoring of patients with chronic hepatitis C relies on clinical evaluation, routine laboratory tests, and ultrasound and endoscopic surveillance in patients with cirrhosis. Initial evaluation should focus on assessment of activity and stage of liver disease for prognostication and decisions regarding treatment, and to rule out coinfections and other causes of liver disease. Subsequent follow-up should focus on detection of liver disease progression and the need for treatment. The frequency of monitoring and the tests used will depend on the patient's age, stage of liver disease, and comorbid conditions. There is an urgent need to develop and validate noninvasive tests that can accurately reflect the full spectrum of hepatic inflammation and fibrosis in chronic hepatitis C.
Novel technique of stent placement via gateway balloon in intracranial atherosclerosis‐associated large vessel occlusion (2023)

Our preliminary experience suggests possible safety and feasibility of deploying Neuroform Atlas stent through a compatible Gateway balloon microcatheter without the need for ICH-associated microcatheter exchange. Further studies with long-term clinical and angiographic follow-up are warranted to corroborate our initial findings.
Performance Assessment of an Ice-Production Hybrid Solar CPV/T System Combining Both Adsorption and Vapor-Compression Refrigeration Systems (2023)

The technology of a hybrid solar concentration photovoltaic/thermal (CPV/T) system is an efficient way of converting solar energy to heat and electrical power, in which overall energy-extraction efficiency is at its highest. In this study, numerical dynamic simulation models were developed for a hybrid solar CPV/T system and an adsorption refrigeration system (ARS). Under the climatic conditions of Riyadh all year round, the electrical and thermal powers generated by the CPV/T system were used to estimate the ice production of both the vapor compression refrigeration system (VCS) and the ARS. The CPV/T system can provide a thermal energy of 37.6 kWh and electrical energy of 24.7 kWh a day on average over the year using a 12.5 m2 facing area of Fresnel lenses. The ARS employed an advanced approach which used Maxsorb III adsorbent packed in two aluminum foam beds. An optimum cycle time of the ARS was adapted for each month to match the variation in the thermal energy, while a variable-speed compressor was chosen for the VCS. Due to its higher coefficient of performance (COP), the proposed solar hybrid system can produce 494.4 kg of ice per day while sharing 84.5% of the VCS. The average solar COP over the year of the hybrid system can attain 0.875, which represents a promising value for a solar ice-production system.
Dual‐Gradient Unified Chromatography: A New Paradigm for Versatility in Simultaneous Multicomponent Analysis (2022)

Generality in analytical chemistry can be manifested in impactful platforms that can streamline modern organic synthesis and biopharmaceutical processes. We herein introduce a hybrid separation technique named Dual-Gradient Unified Chromatography (DGUC), which is built upon an automated dynamic modulation of CO<sub>2</sub> , organic modifier, and water blends with various buffers. This concept enables simultaneous multicomponent analysis of both small and large molecules across a wide polarity range in single experimental runs. After a careful investigation of its fundamental aspects, a DGUC-DAD-MS screening workflow that combines multiple orthogonal column and mobile phase choices across a far-reaching universal elution profile is also reported. The power of this framework is demonstrated with new analytical applications guiding academic and industrial laboratories in the development of new (bio)pharmaceutical targets (e.g. synthetic intermediates, nucleosides, cyclic and linear peptides, proteins, antibody drug conjugates).
The Role of Exposures to Animals and Other Risk Factors in Sporadic, Non‐TyphoidalSalmonellaInfections in Michigan Children (2010)

Salmonellosis is largely a major foodborne disease. However, contact with animals particularly reptiles, has been increasingly recognized as a risk factor for Salmonella infection among children. The major risk factors for salmonellosis in Michigan children have not been assessed. Therefore, we have evaluated the association between Salmonella infections and contact with animals among Michigan children aged ≤ 10 years by conducting a population-based case-control study. A total of 123 children with laboratory-confirmed Salmonella infections and 139 control children, who had not experienced symptoms of gastrointestinal illness during the month prior to the interviews, were enrolled. A multivariable analysis matched on age group revealed that children with Salmonella infections had reported more commonly than controls contact with reptiles [adjusted matched odds ratio (MOR) = 7.90, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.52-41.01] and cats (MOR = 2.53, 95% CI: 1.14-5.88). Results of this study suggest an association between salmonellosis and contact with cats and reptiles in Michigan children. Additional efforts are needed to educate caretakers of young children about the risk of Salmonella transmission through animal contact.
Mechanical Circulatory Support for Advanced Heart Failure: Are We about to Witness a New “Gold Standard”? (2016)

The impact of left ventricular assist devices (LVADs) for the treatment of advanced heart failure has played a significant role as a bridge to transplant and more recently as a long-term solution for non-eligible candidates. Continuous flow left ventricular assist devices (CF-LVADs), based on axial and centrifugal design, are currently the most popular devices in view of their smaller size, increased reliability and higher durability compared to pulsatile flow left ventricular assist devices (PF-LVADs). The trend towards their use is increasing. Therefore, it has become mandatory to understand the physics and the mathematics behind their mode of operation for appropriate device selection and simulation set up. For this purpose, this review covers some of these aspects. Although very successful and technologically advanced, they have been associated with complications such as pump thrombosis, haemolysis, aortic regurgitation, gastro-intestinal bleeding and arterio-venous malformations. There is perception that the reduced arterial pulsatility may be responsible for these complications. A flow modulation control approach is currently being investigated in order to generate pulsatility in rotary blood pumps. Thrombus formation remains the most feared complication that can affect clinical outcome. The development of a preoperative strategy aimed at the reduction of complications and patient-device suitability may be appropriate. Patient-specific modelling based on 3D reconstruction from CT-scan combined with computational fluid dynamic studies is an attractive solution in order to identify potential areas of stagnation or challenging anatomy that could be addressed to achieve the desired outcome. The HeartMate II (axial) and the HeartWare HVAD (centrifugal) rotary blood pumps have been now used worldwide with proven outcome. The HeartMate III (centrifugal) is now emerging as the new promising device with encouraging preliminary results. There are now enough pumps on the market: it is time to focus on the complications in order to achieve the full potential and selling-point of this type of technology for the treatment of the increasing heart failure patient population.
High Impact Weather Forecasts and Warnings with the GOES-R Geostationary Lightning Mapper (GLM) (2011)

The Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES-R) is the next series to follow the existing GOES system currently operating over the Western Hemisphere. A major advancement over the current GOES include a new capability for total lightning detection (cloud and cloud-to-ground flashes) from the Geostationary Lightning Mapper (GLM). The GLM will operate continuously day and night with near-uniform spatial resolution of 8 km with a product refresh rate of less than 20 sec over the Americas and adjacent oceanic regions. This will aid in forecasting severe storms and tornado activity, and convective weather impacts on aviation safety and efficiency. In parallel with the instrument development, a GOES-R Risk Reduction Science Team and Algorithm Working Group Lightning Applications Team have begun to develop cal/val performance monitoring tools and new applications using the GLM alone, in conjunction with other instruments, and merged or blended integrated observing system products combining satellite, radar, in-situ and numerical models. Proxy total lightning data from the NASA Lightning Imaging Sensor (LIS) on the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) satellite and regional ground-based lightning networks are being used to develop the pre-launch algorithms, test data sets, and applications, as well as improve our knowledge of thunderstorm initiation and evolution. In this presentation we review the planned implementation of the instrument and suite of operational algorithms.
X‐Ray Apparatus (1999)

Abstract The sections in this article are Bremsstrahlung and Characteristic Radiation X‐Ray Tubes X‐Ray Generators Apparatus for Projection Radiography Signal‐To‐Noise Ratio Analysis of Radiological Imaging
[Description of the shape of carcinomatous nodules of the breast by means of high degree polynomial equations and Fourier harmonic analysis]. (1984)

Breast cancer nodule shape has been investigated by two analytical procedures: upper degree polynomials and harmonic Fourier analysis. An automized method (TV camera interfaced with a computer) has been employed to find the coefficients of kth order equation giving the best fit. Then the difference between real node contour and function curve has been calculated and submitted to harmonic analysis. This gives the sine/cosine coefficients of the two series and the amplitude of the harmonics. The results point out that no difference exists between metastatic and non metastatic tumors and suggest that parametrized descriptors calculated may represent a peculiar behaviour in the growth of the tumor.
Bulk carrier lifetime measurement by the microwave reflectance photoconductivity decay method with external surface electric field (2002)

We attempted to measure the bulk carrier recombination lifetime of Si wafers by the microwave reflectance photoconductivity decay (PCD) method. Voltage was applied between an external electrode and a Si wafer to suppress surface recombination. Before the measurement, the surface state density was reduced by a chemical treatment using NH4OH–H2O2–H2O and diluted HF solutions. Carrier lifetime as long as 1 ms was measured by the present method for a wafer with a bare surface. Comparison with results for oxidized wafers show that the present method can suppress surface recombination more effectively than thermal oxidation, which has been often used for surface passivation in PCD measurements.
School Indoor Environmental Quality Assessments and Interventions: Benefits of Effective Partnerships in California (2002)

Public, private, government, and university stakeholders have focused increasing attention on children's environmental health. Priority areas have been healthy school environments including indoor air and environmental quality (IEQ); susceptibilities of children to environmental factors and associated illness; and, understanding exposure to biological, chemical, and physical agents. As multidisciplinary teams, studies and intervention demonstrations in California public schools were conducted. A common theme among them was a ''partnership,'' the collaboration between stakeholders from the aforementioned sectors. Federal funding and local bond measures for planning, maintenance, and modernization of school facilities have recently been authorized. Therefore, beneficial ''partnerships'' should be established to conduct needed IEQ, environmental health, and productivity research, development and demonstration. This commentary describes benefits for stakeholders and five strategies for future effective collaborations.
ChemInform Abstract: Phytochemistry of Bryophytes: Biologically Active Terpenoids and Aromatic Compounds from Liverworts (2000)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Interference enhancement of the internal fields at structural scattering resonances of a coated sphere (1990)

We examine the interior electromagnetic energy density of a coated nonabsorbing sphere at a number of scattering resonances. As is the case for an uncoated sphere, the interior energy density becomes large at the a(p)(l) and b(p)(l) resonances. It becomes especially large for p - 1 values of the coating thickness at resonance. These p - 1 enhancements are analogous to the interference maxima that occur in the intensity reflectance of two thin films in contact.
Longitudinal antibody titer, avidity, and neutralizing responses after SARS-CoV-2 infection (2022)

While waning immunity and SARS-CoV-2 variant immune escape continue to result in high infection rates worldwide, associations between longitudinal quantitative, qualitative, and functional humoral immune responses after SARS-CoV-2 infection remain unclear. In this study, we found significant waning of antibody against Spike S1 (R = -0.32, p = 0.035) and N protein (R = -0.39, p = 0.008), while RBD antibody moderately decreased (R = -0.19, p = 0.203). Likewise, neutralizing antibody titer (ND<sub>50</sub>) waned over time (R = -0.46, p = 0.001). In contrast, antibody avidity increased significantly over time for Spike S1 (R = 0.62, p = 6.0e-06), RBD (R = 0.54, p = 2.0e-04), and N (R = 0.33, p = 0.025) antibodies. Across all humoral responses, ND<sub>50</sub> strongly associated with Spike S1 (R = 0.85, p = 2.7e-13) and RBD (R = 0.78, p = 2.9e-10) antibodies. Our findings provide longitudinal insight into humoral immune responses after infection and imply the potential of Spike S1/RBD antibody titer as surrogate correlates of protection.
[Phagotest and Bursttest (Phagoburst), test kits for study of phagocyte functions]. (1994)

Phagotest and Bursttest are complete test kits for the investigation of the phagocytic function of granulocytes and monocytes in whole blood using flow cytometry. Phagotest allows the quantitative determination of leukocyte phagocytosis (uptake of bacteria). It determines the percentage of phagocytes which ingest fluorescein-isothiocyanate (FITC) labelled opsonized E. coli bacteria and their activity (number of bacteria per cell). Reduced phagocytosis is observed in patients with sepsis, renal failure, and recurrent bacterial infections. Bursttest allows the quantitative determination of leukocyte oxidative burst. It determines the percentage of leukocytes which oxidize the fluorogenic substrate dihydrorhodamine (DHR) 123 and their enzymatic activity (amount of rhodamine 123). Reduced burst activity is observed in patients with chronic granulomatous disease (CGD).
Compact VLSI neural network circuit with high-capacity dynamic synapses (2000)

Low-power low-voltage mixed-analog/digital-signal CMOS technology is used in implementing a novel dynamic-synapse neural network microchip. A basic building block for dynamic process is implemented with a variable current source, resistors, charging/discharging capacitances, and transmission gates. It was designed and simulated in 0.35 /spl mu/m technology. The dynamic synapse function is implemented with resistor-capacitor exponential circuits, analog summing circuit, voltage comparator with hysteresis, and digital logic block. A neural network system with six input neurons, two output neurons, and 18 synapses is designed. Each neuron and dynamic synapse has individual threshold and gain. The circuit was simulated with two different input pulses to evaluate feedback inhibitory pulses, each action potential, and EPSP (excitatory post synaptic potential) of each dynamic processing point. Simulation results show that this dynamic synapse can be used for advanced neural processing including speech recognition application.
Integrated GMR based Wheel Speed Sensor for Automotive Applications (2007)

In this paper we present a novel wheel speed sensor using integrated GMR (Giant Magneto Resistor) technology for automotive applications. Speed sensors are widely used in modern cars especially for safety applications as ABS (anti-locking system) and ESC (electronic stability control) to monitor the speed of each individual wheel. Increasing demand for larger air-gaps and better noise performance (lower jitter) requires sensor principles with higher sensitivity, compared for example to the currently used Hall sensors. The monolithic integration of GMR resistors as sensing elements, together with advanced signal conditioning electronics, provide a smart sensor solution which meets the automotive industry's high reliability requirements with superior performance.
Evaluation of Acromegaly by Radioimmunoassay of Somatomedin-C (1979)

We measured serum concentrations of somatomedin-C by radioimmunoassay in 57 acromegalic patients and compared them with various indicators of disease activity. The mean fasting somatomedin-C concentration was 6.8 U per milliliter (range, 2.6 to 21.7) for the acromegalics and 0.67 U per milliliter (range, 0.31 to 1.4) for 48 normal, fasting adults. The somatomedin-C concentration correlated significantly with: heel-pad thickness (r = 0.73), fasting glucose (r = 0.74), and one-hour postprandial glucose (r = 0.77). In contrast, "glucose-suppressed" growth hormone correlated weakly (r = 0.34, 0.36, 0.34) with these clinical indexes of severity. Fasting growth hormone levels showed no correlation (r = 0.14). Five active acromegalics had "normal" growth hormone levels after glucose suppression, but they had elevated somatomedin-C. In 15 patients studied one year after treatment, changes in somatomedin-C concentrations paralleled the degree of clinical improvement. Measurement of somatomedin-C appears to provide a reliable means for confirming the diagnosis of acromegaly and of clinical disease activity than measurement of growth hormone concentrations.
Ionic conductivities in solid solutions of potassium antimony titanium phosphorus oxide (K5+xSb5-xTixP2O20) and K5-xSb5-xMxP2O20 (M = molybdenum(VI), tungsten(VI)) (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTIonic conductivities in solid solutions of potassium antimony titanium phosphorus oxide (K5+xSb5-xTixP2O20) and K5-xSb5-xMxP2O20 (M = molybdenum(VI), tungsten(VI))B. Wang and M. GreenblattCite this: Chem. Mater. 1992, 4, 3, 657–661Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1992https://doi.org/10.1021/cm00021a030RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views37Altmetric-Citations4LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (1 MB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Genome Sequence and Attenuating Mutations in West Nile Virus Isolate from Mexico (2004)

The complete genome sequence of a Mexican West Nile virus isolate, TM171-03, included 46 nucleotide (0.42%) and 4 amino acid (0.11%) differences from the NY99 prototype. Mouse virulence differences between plaque-purified variants of TM171-03 with mutations at the E protein glycosylation motif suggest the emergence of an attenuating mutation.
The Whole Tale: Merging Science and Cyberinfrastructure Pathways (2020)

Presentation of the Whole Tale project and platform given at the <br> "Writing Reproducible &amp; Executable Scientific Papers with R &amp; Python: a Hands-On Workshop" held at the University of Washington eScience Institute June 10th, 2019