gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Purification and amino acid sequence of sakacin A, a bacteriocin from Lactobacillus sake Lb706 (1992)

Sakacin A, a bacteriocin produced by Lactobacillus sake Lb706 and which inhibits the growth of Listeria monocytogenes, was purified to homogeneity by ammonium sulphate precipitation and ion-exchange, hydrophobic-interaction and reversed-phase chromatography. The complete amino acid sequence of sakacin A was determined by Edman degradation. The bacteriocin consisted of 41 amino acid residues and had a calculated M(r) of 4308.7, which is in good agreement with the value determined by mass spectrometry. The structural gene encoding sakacin A (sakA) was cloned and sequenced. The gene encoded a primary translation product of 59 amino acid residues which was cleaved between amino acids 18 and 19 to yield the active sakacin A. Sakacin A shared some sequence similarities with other bacteriocins.
Deagglomeration of Transfer Film in Metal Contacts Using Nanolubricants (2011)

Experimental results presented in this article reveal the ability of nanoparticle-dispersed engine oil (nanolubricant) to deagglomerate metallic transfer films under extreme pressures. Specifically, metallic transfer films were formed and accumulated on the upper AISI 52100 ball in a four-ball tester, which resulted in negative wear—that is, weight gain—under Hertzian contact pressures ranging from 3.4 to 5.5 GPa. When molybdenum disulfide nanoparticles were dispersed in the engine oil, the AISI 52100 upper balls exhibited wear as expected. Scanning electron microscope examination of worn surfaces indicated large patches of metallic transfer films on the ring-shaped wear track of AISI 52100 upper balls tested with the engine oil. Such large patches of transfer films could not be found on the surfaces tested with the nanoparticle-modified engine oil. The experimental results and the mechanism of transfer film deagglomeration are discussed.
TAXONOMIC REVISIONS OF MORPHOLOGICALLY SIMILAR SPECIES FROM TWO EUGLENOID GENERA: EUGLENA (E. GRANULATA AND E. VELATA) AND EUGLENARIA (EU. ANABAENA, EU. CAUDATA, AND EU. CLAVATA)1 (2012)

The establishment of epitypes (together with the emended diagnoses) for three species of Euglenaria Karnkowska, E. W. Linton et Kwiatowski [Eu. anabaena (Mainx) Karnkowska et E. W. Linton; Eu. caudata (Hübner) Karnkowska et E. W. Linton; and Eu. clavata (Skuja) Karnkowska et E. W. Linton] and two species of Euglena Ehrenberg [E. granulata (Klebs) Schmitz and E. velata Klebs] was achieved due to literature studies, verification of morphological diagnostic features (cell size, cell shape, number of chloroplasts, the presence of mucocysts), as well as molecular characters (SSU rDNA). Now all these species are easy to identify and distinguish, despite their high morphological similarity, that is, spindle-shaped (or cylindrically spindle-shaped) cells and parietal, lobed chloroplasts with a single pyrenoid, accompanied by bilateral paramylon caps located on both sides of the chloroplast. E. granulata is the only species in this group that has spherical mucocysts. E. velata is distinguished by the largest cells (90-150 μm) and has the highest number of chloroplasts (>30). Eu. anabaena has the fewest chloroplasts (usually 3-6), and its cells are always (whether the organism is swimming or not) spindle-shaped or cylindrically spindle-shaped, in contrast to the cells of Eu. clavata, which are club-shaped (clavate) while swimming and only after stopping change to resemble the shape of a spindle or a cylindrical spindle; Eu. clavata has numerous chloroplasts (15-20). Eu. caudata is characterized by asymmetrical spindle-shaped (fusiform) cells, that is, with an elongated rear section and a shorter front section; the number of chloroplasts normally ranges from 7 to 15.
Activation Ensembles for Deep Neural Networks (2017)

Many activation functions have been proposed in the past, but selecting an adequate one requires trial and error. We propose a new methodology of designing activation functions within a neural network at each layer. We call this technique an "activation ensemble" because it allows the use of multiple activation functions at each layer. This is done by introducing additional variables, $α$, at each activation layer of a network to allow for multiple activation functions to be active at each neuron. By design, activations with larger $α$ values at a neuron is equivalent to having the largest magnitude. Hence, those higher magnitude activations are "chosen" by the network. We implement the activation ensembles on a variety of datasets using an array of Feed Forward and Convolutional Neural Networks. By using the activation ensemble, we achieve superior results compared to traditional techniques. In addition, because of the flexibility of this methodology, we more deeply explore activation functions and the features that they capture.
Dynamic analysis of intervertebral efforts in scoliosis : a multibody modeling approach (2011)

A biomechanical model, using the multibody dynamics approach, is developed to calculate the intervertebral efforts in spine. The latter are computed, via inverse dynamics, using kinematic information from gait. Optimization process is required in order to convert that information, expressed in absolute coordinates from the optometric sensors, into relative joint coordinates, in order to calculate joint forces and torques.
Renal agenesis: Spectrum of in utero findings (1981)

Three cases of renal agenesis are presented, representing the spectrum of abnormality seen in utero. Severe oligohydramnios was seen in all three cases. In two cases ultrasound demonstrated fetal paraspinal structures resembling kidneys, while in the third no renal shapes were identified. The urinary bladder could not be imaged in any of the cases. Autopsy findings demonstrated that the reniform structures represented only fetal adrenal glands of varying sizes. It is suggested that the examination of the renal tract in severe oligohydramnios should be directed toward the fetal urinary bladder, because the identification of reniform outlines can be misleading.
Patent Failure (2009)

In recent years, business leaders, policymakers, and inventors have complained to the media and to Congress that today's patent system stifles innovation instead of fostering it. But like the infamous patent on the peanut butter and jelly sandwich, much of the cited evidence about the patent system is pure anecdote--making realistic policy formation difficult. Is the patent system fundamentally broken, or can it be fixed with a few modest reforms? Moving beyond rhetoric, Patent Failure provides the first authoritative and comprehensive look at the economic performance of patents in forty years. James Bessen and Michael Meurer ask whether patents work well as property rights, and, if not, what institutional and legal reforms are necessary to make the patent system more effective. Patent Failure presents a wide range of empirical evidence from history, law, and economics. The book's findings are stark and conclusive. While patents do provide incentives to invest in research, development, and commercialization, for most businesses today, patents fail to provide predictable property rights. Instead, they produce costly disputes and excessive litigation that outweigh positive incentives. Only in some sectors, such as the pharmaceutical industry, do patents act as advertised, with their benefits outweighing the related costs. By showing how the patent system has fallen short in providing predictable legal boundaries, Patent Failure serves as a call for change in institutions and laws. There are no simple solutions, but Bessen and Meurer's reform proposals need to be heard. The health and competitiveness of the nation's economy depend on it.
The Effect of Temperature on the Photoluminescence of Hybrid Si/SiOx Nanoparticles (2019)

Transformation of the photoluminescence (PL) spectra of hybrid Si/SiOx nanoparticles of the crystalline core–oxide shell type has been investigated in the temperature range of 10–320 K upon 325-nm laser excitation. Si/SiOx nanoparticles are synthesized from silicon monoxide and functionalized in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) or octadecene (OD). The PL spectra of the nanoparticles are considered as superpositions of short-wavelength (400–550 nm) and long-wavelength (600–900 nm) bands, which have significantly different ratios of the total intensities of these components in Si/SiOx/OD and Si/SiOx/DMSO samples. For Si/SiOx/DMSO samples, the intensity of the short-wavelength band monotonically decreases with an increase in temperature from 10 K, whereas the intensity of the long-wavelength band first increases; however, then (at approximately 70 K) its slope begins to decrease and levels off. The specific features of the temperature dependence of the long-wavelength PL band intensity can be explained in this case by efficient energy transfer from defect oxygen-containing centers at the core boundary to exciton centers that arise under laser irradiation. In the case of Si/SiOx/OD particles, for which the short-wavelength band intensity is initially low, this effect is not observed. For these particles, the influence of 405-nm cw laser radiation on the kinetics of changes in the intensity of the long-wavelength PL band has been studied beginning with a temperature of 10 K. It has been found that the PL intensity increases at temperatures near 10 K with an increase in the exposure time, which is explained by additional heating of nanoparticles in a vacuum.
Analysis and Experiments on a Single-Inductor Half-Bridge LED Driver With Magnetic Control (2017)

This paper presents the analysis and experiments of a variable inductor (VI) based LED driver for dc grid lighting applications. The proposed driver requires only a series inductor and a transformer as major components to drive the LED lamp from a half-bridge inverter. By introducing a VI as the series inductor, the LED current can be controlled independently from any other parameter, which makes it possible to drive and regulate several LED branches from the same half-bridge output. Other advantages of the proposed converter include inherent open-circuit and short-circuit protections, zero-voltage switching for the bridge transistor and zero-current switching for the output rectifier diodes, simple dynamics, possibility of analog and pulse width modulation dimming, constant switching frequency operation, and high efficiency. The converter is thoroughly analyzed and modeled for both steady-state and dynamic operation. As another novelty of this paper, the dynamic response of the VI has been studied and taken into account to obtain the complete transfer function of the VI-controlled system. In addition, some housekeeping issues that usually arise when dealing with VI, e.g., how to drive the VI bias winding, are solved in this work. Experimental results provided from a 50 W laboratory prototype demonstrate the correctness of the performed analysis and the good possibilities of the proposed converter.
Tunnel-regenerated multiple-active-region light-emitting diodes with high efficiency (2001)

Tunnel-regenerated multiple-active-region (TRMAR) light-emitting diodes (LEDs) with high quantum efficiency and high brightness have been proposed and fabricated. We have proved experimentally that the efficiency of the electrical luminescence and the on-axis luminous intensity of such TRMAR LEDs scaled linearly approximately with the number of the active regions. The on-axis luminous intensity of such TRMAR LEDs with only 3 μm GaP current spreading layer have exceeded 5 cd at 20 mA dc operation under 15° package. The high-quantum-efficiency and high-brightness LEDs under the low injection level were realized.
The Absorption, Excretion, and Metabolic Fate of Ethambutol in Man 1 (1965)

"The Absorption, Excretion, and Metabolic Fate of Ethambutol in Man1." American Review of Respiratory Disease, 91(1), pp. 51–58
Diffused distribution reassignment (2005)

In this paper, we take a look at diffusion methods and reassignment techniques to process adaptive time-frequency distributions. We briefly recall both techniques. Next we reinterpret the reallocation of spectrogram in terms of homogeneous diffusion. This allows us the extend the classic reassignment process via adaptive diffusion. Finally, some simulations are proposed to illustrate the efficiency of our approach
Passive frequency-conversion imaging from the nearinfrared to the visible (2023)

We demonstrate a passive frequency-conversion imaging system that converts nearinfrared images into visible images, enabling near-infrared imaging with the naked eye or a conventional visible camera.
Modeling time-dependent phenomena in plasma spraying of powders and liquid precursors (2007)

International audience
Synergistic Phytochemicals Fail to Protect Against Ovariectomy Induced Bone Loss in Rats (2018)

Menopause induces a loss of bone as a result of estrogen deficiency. Despite pharmaceutical options for the treatment of osteopenia and osteoporosis, many aging women use dietary supplements with estrogenic activity to prevent bone loss and other menopausal-related symptoms. Such supplements are yet to be tested for efficacy against a Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved medication for menopausal bone loss such as zoledronic acid (ZA). The postmenopausal rat model was used to investigate the efficacy of various synergistic phytochemical blends mixed into the diet for 16 weeks. Retired-breeder, Fischer 344 rats were randomly assigned to sham or ovariectomy surgery and 4 treatment groups: ZA; genistein supplementation; and a low dose and high dose blend of genistein, resveratrol, and quercetin. Ovariectomy resulted in a loss of both trabecular and cortical bone which was prevented with ZA. The phytochemical blends tested were unable to reverse these losses. Despite the lack of effectiveness in preventing bone loss, a significant dose-response trend was observed in the phytochemical-rich diets in bone adipocyte number compared to ovariectomized control rats. Data from this study indicate that estrogenic phytochemicals are not as efficacious as ZA in preventing menopausal-related bone loss but may have beneficial effects on bone marrow adiposity in rats.
Picosecond Time-Resolved Raman Study of trans-Azobenzene (2000)

The electronic and vibrational relaxation of photoexcited trans-azobenzene was investigated in solution by picosecond time-resolved Raman spectroscopy. Picosecond time-resolved Raman spectra were measured with the probe wavelength at 410 nm, which is in resonance with a transient absorption appearing after the S2(ππ*) ← S0 photoexcitation. Several transient Raman bands assignable to the S1 state were observed immediately after photoexcitation. The lifetime of the S1 state showed a significant solvent dependence, and it was determined as ∼12.5 ps in ethylene glycol and ∼1 ps in hexane. Time-resolved anti-Stokes Raman measurements were also carried out for hexane solutions to obtain information about vibrational relaxation process. The anti-Stokes spectra showed that the observed S1 state was highly vibrationally excited. In addition, several anti-Stokes Raman bands due to the S0 state were observed after the decay of the S1 state, indicating that the vibrationally excited S0 state was generated after electronic relaxation in hexane. The lifetime of vibrationally excited S0 azobenzene was evaluated as ∼16 ps by the analysis for the intensity change of the anti-Stokes NN stretch band. The assignment of the NN stretch band in the S1 spectrum was made by using 15N-substituted azobenzene, and it was clarified that the NN stretching frequency in the S1 state is very close to that of the S0 state (1428 cm-1 in S1 and 1440 cm-1 in S0). The high NN stretching frequency in the S1 state indicated that the NN bond retains a double bond nature in the S1 state. Vibrational assignments for the other S1 Raman bands were made by one-to-one correspondence between the S1 and S0 bands. The double bond nature of the NN bond and the high similarity between the S1 and the S0 Raman spectra indicated that the observed S1 state has a planar structure around the NN bond. The obtained Raman data seemed to suggest that the inversion in the S1 state takes part also in the isomerization following S2(ππ*) photoexcitation. The relaxation process of photoexcited trans-azobenzene as well as its photoisomerization mechanism is discussed on the basis of the observed Raman data.
Conversion of triflones to ketones (1977)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTConversion of triflones to ketonesJames B. Hendrickson, Kenneth W. Bair, and Philip M. KeehnCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1977, 42, 17, 2935–2936Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1977Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1977https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00437a036https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00437a036research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views173Altmetric-Citations14LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Capabilities of an Ambient Pressure Plasma for Activation in LT Wafer Bonding Processes (2006)

S.50-57
The Reaction of Sulfamide with α- and β-Diketones. The Preparation of 1,2,5-Thiadiazole 1,1-Dioxides and 1,2,6-Thiadiazine 1,1-Dioxides (1964)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Reaction of Sulfamide with α- and β-Diketones. The Preparation of 1,2,5-Thiadiazole 1,1-Dioxides and 1,2,6-Thiadiazine 1,1-DioxidesJohn B. WrightCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1964, 29, 7, 1905–1909Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1964Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1964https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01030a059https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01030a059research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views991Altmetric-Citations58LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Effective separation of uranium from mine process effluents using chitosan as a recyclable natural adsorbent (2020)

This study aimed to efficiently and cost-effectively recover uranium from real mine effluents derived from the processing of uranium-bearing ore. A natural bioactive polymer, chitosan, was applied as a low-cost material to separate uranium ions and characterised using a scanning electron microscope coupled with an energy dispersive spectrometer, and a Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis. Rapid adsorption (over 90% within 10 min) was recorded in the examined batch-type system. The kinetics of the reactions were calculated, and the rate of uranium adsorption tended to follow a second-order equation. The maximum adsorption capacities of the biopolymer given by the Langmuir model were 17.44 mg/g and 7.51 mg/g for the flotation and Knelson tailings water, respectively. The results demonstrated that the separation of uranium ions from effluents was temperature- and pH-dependent. Studies have revealed an enhancement in uranium uptake at elevated water temperatures. As the pH increased from 2 to 10, the net charge on the biopolymer surface changed from positive to negative, which indicated the possible involvement of electrostatic interactions in the binding of the metal ions. In addition, interactions between uranyl ions and biopolymer functional groups were confirmed. The regeneration possibility and reusability of the biopolymer were investigated, and approximately 73% of the uranium was recovered by the fourth adsorption–desorption cycle.
An LLVM-based hybrid binary translation system (2012)

Static binary translation (SBT) systems and dynamic binary translation (DBT) systems have their own merits and disadvantages. SBT can perform whole-program optimizations and do not incur run-time overheads. However, the code discovery and the code location problems caused by indirect branches make SBT systems hard to develop. On the other hand, DBT can perform optimizations based on program's runtime behaviors and can handle indirect branches easily. However, because the translation time accounts for a part of the execution time, DBT systems cannot perform aggressive optimizations. Therefore, quality of the code generated by DBT is not as good as that by SBT. In this paper, we present a hybrid binary translation (HBT) system which combines the merits of both SBT and DBT. It leverages the LLVM infrastructure to translate source binary code, optimize, and generate target binary code. It first translates binary statically. If a run-time exception happens, the HBT system switches to dynamic translation. On the EEMBC benchmark suite, our experimental result shows that the HBT system can run about 4 to 20 times faster than a LLVM-based DBT system.
The influence of microstructure on charge separation dynamics in organic bulk heterojunction materials for solar cell applications (2014)

We show a strong correlation of the charge separation dynamics by electron and hole transfer with the solid-state microstructure of organic bulk heterojunction materials.
Cost-Effectiveness of Transcatheter Versus Surgical Aortic Valve Replacement in Patients With Severe Aortic Stenosis at Intermediate Risk (2019)

URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov . Unique identifier: NCT01314313.
The science Olympiad “Nanotechnology: Breakthrough into the Future” (2013)

The science Olympiad “Nanotechnology: Breakthrough into the Future,” a new educational program of the Moscow State University devoted to nanoscience, was described. The Olympiad combines the best traditions of Russian science Olympiads for schoolchildren with the new educational trends: research competitions for young scientists, creative contests for all participants, and a well-developed distant learning system. The Olympiad covers all the main branches of nanoscience and all the existing nanotechnologies. Examples of original problems on chemistry, physics, mathematics, and biology for schoolchildren were given. The new educational technologies used in the Olympiad, including distance learning techniques, were discussed. All the materials of the “Nanotechnology: Breakthrough into the Future” Olympiad are freely and openly available electronically.