gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Web GIS in practice VII: stereoscopic 3-D solutions for online maps and virtual globes (2009)

Because our pupils are about 6.5 cm apart, each eye views a scene from a different angle and sends a unique image to the visual cortex, which then merges the images from both eyes into a single picture. The slight difference between the right and left images allows the brain to properly perceive the 'third dimension' or depth in a scene (stereopsis). However, when a person views a conventional 2-D (two-dimensional) image representation of a 3-D (three-dimensional) scene on a conventional computer screen, each eye receives essentially the same information. Depth in such cases can only be approximately inferred from visual clues in the image, such as perspective, as only one image is offered to both eyes. The goal of stereoscopic 3-D displays is to project a slightly different image into each eye to achieve a much truer and realistic perception of depth, of different scene planes, and of object relief. This paper presents a brief review of a number of stereoscopic 3-D hardware and software solutions for creating and displaying online maps and virtual globes (such as Google Earth) in "true 3D", with costs ranging from almost free to multi-thousand pounds sterling. A practical account is also given of the experience of the USGS BRD UMESC (United States Geological Survey's Biological Resources Division, Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center) in setting up a low-cost, full-colour stereoscopic 3-D system.
OR32-6 Pre-Surgical GH Levels Predict the Risk of Morphometric Vertebral Fracture, Which Is an Early and Frequent Event in the Natural History of Acromegaly (2019)

Introduction. Acromegalic osteopathy is an emerging complication of the disease, characterized by increased bone turnover, deterioration in bone microarchitecture and high risk of vertebral fractures (VFs). However, the prediction of VFs in this clinical setting is still a matter of uncertainty, since the pathogenesis of acromegalic osteopathy is multifactorial and fractures may occur even in presence of normal bone mineral density. Purpose of the study. We aimed at evaluating the prevalence and determinants of VFs in a cohort of patients (pts) with acromegaly at hospital admission for transsphenoidal (TNS) surgery. Patients & Methods. We retrospectively enrolled 65 pts (34M/31F; age 50.4±11.7yrs) attending the Neurosurgery Unit before TNS surgery. All pts had a confirmed diagnosis of acromegaly (nadir GH during OGTT 75gr > 0.4 ng/mL and IGF-I above age-standardized upper normal limit), in whom all parameters of other pituitary axes (TSH, fT3, fT4, ACTH, cortisol, PRL, LH, FSH, E2/Testosterone) and a thoracic X-ray carried out for anesthesiological reasons were available. We performed a vertebral morphometric evaluation of the thoracic spine on X-ray images (MTRx), according to Genant grading. Data are presented as mean±SD; normally distributed continuous variables were analyzed with Student-t test; categorical data were analyzed with Fisher’s exact test. Results. Medical pre-treatment with SRLs was prescribed in 37 pts (56.9%, 19M/18F). At morphometric evaluation, 21 pts (32.3%, 11M/10F) presented with VFs (14 pts with mild VFs, 7 pts with moderate VFs). The fractured pts showed significantly higher GH levels when compared to non-fractured (20.1±28.0 ng/mL vs. 7.5±7.0 ng/mL; p<0.01). Conversely, no significant differences in thyroid, adrenal and gonadal parameters, as well as IGF-I and PRL levels between the two groups were observed. In multiple logistic regression analysis, GH was independently associated with the risk of any fracture (OR 1.09, 95%CI 1.01-1.17; p=0.03) and severity of VFs (1.04, 95%CI 1.01-1.07; p=0.03). Conclusions. For the first time, we observed that VFs are a very frequent, early and sometimes severe complication of acromegaly. Our findings also showed that pre-surgical GH levels were able to predict the risk and the severity of VFs at MTRx in patients with acromegaly.
Elimination of dark line defects in lattice-mismatched epilayers through use of strained-layer superlattices (1985)

The microscopic optical quality of thick (∼1 μm) III-V semiconductor epitaxial layers, mismatched to their substrates, is examined by photoluminescence microimaging. The layers include several kinds of strained-layer superlattices (GaP/GaAsxP1−x, GaAs/GaAs1−xPx, and GaAs/InxGa1−xAs) and associated alloys. Microscopic images of epilayer luminescence directly reveal the presence of misfit dislocations which appear as dark line defects. These defects can be completely eliminated in the strained-layer superlattices if these structures have thin layers, less than the critical thickness for elastic accommodation, and sufficient numbers of interfaces of block threading dislocations.
The Infrared Spectra of Monoterpenes and Related Compounds (1965)

The infrared spectra of 72 highly purified acyclic, monocyclic and bicyclic terpenes and their hydrogenated derivatives are presented. These spectra provide a broad basis for the correlation of structure and spectra.
연구논문 : 하이솔리드 도료용 아크릴계 4 원공중합체의 합성 (2001)

Acrylic quarternary polymers were synthesized to prepare high-solid coatings. Acrylic resins were synthesized by the radical polymerization of n-butyl acrylate, methyl methacrylate, 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate and acetoacetoxyethyl methacrylate. From the results of experiment on reaction condition to get high-solid acrylic resins with 70% solid content and viscosity of 1200cps, it was found that di-tert-amyl peroxide among the four types of initiators have lower viscosity and higher degree of conversion. The optinum initiator amount, chain transfer agent, reaction temperature and the dropping time were 5wt%, 4wt%, 150℃ and 5hrs, respectively.
Comparison between HDP CVD and PECVD silicon nitride for advanced interconnect applications (2002)

High-density plasma CVD (HDP CVD) silicon nitride has been investigated for its use in advanced interconnect applications. Results show that the HDP film has many excellent film properties and has many advantages over the plasma-enhanced CVD (PECVD) silicon nitride film. The HDP film has a higher film density, much lower hydrogen content, in addition to lower polish, wet-etch, and dry-etch rates, than the PECVD film. Therefore, the HDP silicon nitride is suitable and ideal as CMP and etch stop layers, as hard mask, and as Copper diffusion and oxidation barriers in damascene architectures.
Sufficient and Necessary Condition for Zero Quantum Entropy Rates under any Coupling to the Environment (2011)

We find the necessary and sufficient conditions for the entropy rate of the system to be zero under any system-environment Hamiltonian interaction. We call the class of system-environment states that satisfy this condition lazy states. They are a generalization of classically correlated states defined by quantum discord, but based on projective measurements of any rank. The concept of lazy states permits the construction of a protocol for detecting global quantum correlations using only local dynamical information. We show how quantum correlations to the environment provide bounds to the entropy rate, and how to estimate dissipation rates for general non-Markovian open quantum systems.
Contribution of Structural Reversibility to the Heat Stability of the Tropomyosin Shrimp Allergen (2013)

Tropomyosins are common heat-stable crustacean allergens. However, their heat stability and their effects on antigenicity have not been clarified. We purified tropomyosin in this study from raw kuruma prawns (Marsupenaeus japonicus) without heat processing. SDS-PAGE of the purified protein showed a band at approximately 35 kDa that cross-reacted with IgE from the serum of a shrimp-allergic patient, identifying it as Pen j 1. The circular dichroism spectrum of native Pen j 1 revealed the common α-helical structure of tropomyosins which easily collapsed upon heating to 80 °C. However, there were no insoluble aggregates after heating, and the protein regained its native CD spectral pattern after cooling to 25 °C. There was no significant difference in total IgG production between mice sensitized with native and heated Pen j 1. These results suggest that heat-denatured Pen j 1 refolded upon cooling and maintained its antigenicity following the heat treatment.
Faculty Opinions recommendation of Neutrophils instruct homeostatic and pathological states in naive tissues. (2019)

Immune protection relies on the capacity of neutrophils to infiltrate challenged tissues.Naive tissues, in contrast, are believed to remain free of these cells and protected from their toxic cargo.Here, we show that neutrophils are endowed with the capacity to infiltrate multiple tissues in the steady-state, a process that follows tissue-specific dynamics.By focusing in two particular tissues, the intestine and the lungs, we find that neutrophils infiltrating the intestine are engulfed by resident macrophages, resulting in repression of Il23 transcription, reduced G-CSF in plasma, and reinforced activity of distant bone marrow niches.In contrast, diurnal accumulation of neutrophils within the pulmonary vasculature influenced circadian transcription in the lungs.Neutrophil-influenced transcripts in this organ were associated with carcinogenesis and migration.Consistently, we found that neutrophils dictated the diurnal patterns of lung invasion by melanoma cells.Homeostatic infiltration of tissues unveils a facet of neutrophil biology that supports organ function, but can also instigate pathological states.
Computational Analysis and Flow Physics of a Ducted Rotor in Edgewise Flight (2017)

This study examines the performance of the ducted rotor in hover and edgewise flight conditions. The flow over a three-dimensional model of a ducted rotor was simulated using the Spalart-Allmaras RANS model implemented in a stabilized finite element method. A sliding mesh was used to conveniently account for the large-scale motion associated with rotor revolutions. The simulation results were analyzed to understand the flow physics and quantify the contributions of the rotor and various sections of the duct interior surfaces on the total aerodynamic forces (thrust, drag and side force) and moments (pitching and rolling). In edgewise flight, freestream flow separates off the front of the duct inlet causing a region of recirculating flow and upwash in the rotor plane. The upwash region biases rotor thrust production to the front of the disk. The swirl velocity further biases the region of flow separation over the inlet and upwash at the front of the rotor towards the retreating side of the disk. The shift of thrust production on the rotor and duct towards the front produces a strong nose up pitching moment on the ducted rotor. The rear of the diffuser is a significant contributor to the total drag, this force as incudes a nose down pitch moment which partially negates the moment from the duct inlet. The rotor is the primary source of vertical vibratory forces as well as vibratory pitching and rolling moments. The small tip clearance of the rotor causes a local interaction between the blade tip and duct that is the dominant contributor to in-plane vibratory forces on the ducted rotor.
Prediction of healthy blood with data mining classification by using Decision Tree, Naive Baysian and SVM approaches (2015)

Data mining (DM) is the process of discovery knowledge from large databases. Applications of data mining in Blood Transfusion Organizations could be useful for improving the performance of blood donation service. The aim of this research is the prediction of healthiness of blood donors in Blood Transfusion Organization (BTO). For this goal, three famous algorithms such as Decision Tree C4.5, Naïve Bayesian classifier, and Support Vector Machine have been chosen and applied to a real database made of 11006 donors. Seven fields such as sex, age, job, education, marital status, type of donor, results of blood tests (doctors’ comments and lab results about healthy or unhealthy blood donors) have been selected as input to these algorithms. The results of the three algorithms have been compared and an error cost analysis has been performed. According to this research and the obtained results, the best algorithm with low error cost and high accuracy is SVM. This research helps BTO to realize a model from blood donors in each area in order to predict the healthy blood or unhealthy blood of donors. This research could be useful if used in parallel with laboratory tests to better separate unhealthy blood.
Total arch and descending thoracic aortic replacement for massive hemoptysis requiring CPR caused by intrapulmonary penetration of chronic dissecting aortic aneurysm: a case report (2022)

When performing a surgical graft replacement for an aortopulmonary fistula with a thoracic aortic aneurysm, the surgical approach chosen is critical. A surgical procedure using a median sternotomy combined with a left thoracotomy and a SIRC approach can be an effective therapeutic option.
Continuous reactor preparation of thermoplastic modified epoxy‐amine prepolymers (2014)

Abstract This paper describes a new continuous reactor method to prepare thermoplastic modified epoxy prepolymers for aerospace prepregs with the aim of replacing traditional batch reactors. Compared with batch reactors, the continuous reactor is capable of producing epoxy prepolymers through simultaneous dissolution of polyethersulfone ( PES ) and 4,4′‐diaminodiphenylsulfone in tetraglycidyl‐4,4′‐ diaminodiphenylmethane ( TGDDM ). In addition, concurrent chain extension reactions advance prepolymer molecular weights to desired viscosities in less than 2 min of mean residence time. Optical micrographs were used to define how process temperature influences PES dissolution in TGDDM in a continuous reactor. Kinetic studies confirmed that the chain extension reaction in a continuous reactor is similar to that in a batch reactor, and the molecular weights and viscosities of prepolymers were readily controlled through reaction kinetics. Atomic force microscopy was used to confirm similar cured network morphologies for formulations prepared from batch and continuous reactors. Additionally tensile strength, tensile modulus and fracture toughness analyses concluded that mechanical properties of cured epoxy matrices produced from the two reactors were equivalent. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry
Local accumulation of titanium released from a titanium implant in the absence of wear (1996)

Titanium and its alloys, like the majority of metallic implant materials, release passive metal dissolution products. This raises the issues of amount and fate, i.e. transport, storage, and/or excretion of these metal dissolution products. In this paper we document titanium levels in tissues local to a commercially pure titanium implant in the absence of wear; compare these values to control tissues; and determine the relative contribution of the local accumulation to total release. Titanium fiber felts were implanted into the tibia of rabbits for periods up to 1 year. Bone and muscle tissue samples near the implant were collected. Using electrothermal atomic absorption spectrophotometry the samples were analyzed for titanium content. Compared to controls, titanium levels in the bone near the implant were elevated at 1-, 4-, and 12-month postoperative time points. The 12-month time point had higher periprosthetic bone titanium levels than both the 1- and the 4-month implant groups. Titanium levels in muscle tissue near the felt also indicated release was occurring. The data support the hypothesis that metal species released from titanium implants in the absence of wear have a limited solubility. As a result, they tend to remain in an area local to the implant. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Functional Polymorphism of the CK2α Intronless Gene Plays Oncogenic Roles in Lung Cancer (2010)

Protein kinase CK2 is frequently up-regulated in human cancers, although the mechanism of CK2 activation in cancer remains unknown. In this study, we investigated the role of the CK2alpha intronless gene (CSNK2A1P, a presumed CK2alpha pseudogene) in the pathogenesis of human cancers. We found evidence of amplification and over-expression of the CSNK2A1P gene in non-small cell lung cancer and leukemia cell lines and 25% of the lung cancer tissues studied. The mRNA expression levels correlated with the copy numbers of the CSNK2A1P gene. We also identified a novel polymorphic variant (398T/C, I133T) of the CSNK2A1P gene and showed that the 398T allele is selectively amplified over the 398C allele in 101 non-small cell lung cancer tissue samples compared to those in 48 normal controls (p = 0.013<0.05). We show for the first time CSNK2A1P protein expression in transfected human embryonic kidney 293T and mouse embryonic fibroblast NIH-3T3 cell lines. Both alleles are transforming in these cell lines, and the 398T allele appears to be more transforming than the 398C allele. Moreover, the 398T allele degrades PML tumor suppressor protein more efficiently than the 398C allele and shows a relatively stronger binding to PML. Knockdown of the CSNK2A1P gene expression with specific siRNA increased the PML protein level in lung cancer cells. We report, for the first time, that the CSNK2A1P gene is a functional proto-oncogene in human cancers and its functional polymorphism appears to degrade PML differentially in cancer cells. These results are consistent with an important role for the 398T allele of the CSNK2A1P in human lung cancer susceptibility.
Design of CML gate with the best propagation delay (2002)

In this paper a design strategy to optimize the propagation delay of CML gates is proposed. The strategy is also properly modified to reduce power dissipation with only 10% increase in the minimum propagation delay. The design is based on a simple, but efficient model which is validated with a 6 GHz and 20 GHz bipolar technologies.
A new method for evaluating small intestinal motility using duplex Doppler sonography. (1997)

Intestinal contractions produce Doppler signals of different amplitudes and duration, thus potentially allowing differentiation between peristaltic and nonperistaltic movements. This differentiation is not possible with auscultation or phonocardiographic registration because similar bowel sounds are produced by nonprogressive, mixing movements as well as by true peristaltic movements. Duplex Doppler sonography allows graphic visualization of intestinal movements that can be subjected to qualitative and quantitative analysis and may be suitable for the noninvasive study of small-bowel motility.
Properties of the ladder polymer cis‐syndiotactic poly(phenylsilsesquioxane) in solution (1978)

Abstract Studies on the properties of the double‐chain ladder polymer of cis ‐syndiotactic poly(phenylsilsesquioxane) (PPSQ) in dilute and concentrated solutions are reported. Data on the intrinsic viscosity [η], the second virial coefficient A 2 , and the mean‐square radius of gyration 〈 s 2 〉 as functions of molecular weight M , temperature, and solvent lead to the conclusion that the conformation of PPSQ can be modeled with a wormlike chain model with a persistence length ρ of 74 Å. These data cannot be used to assess the extent of intramolecular inflexibility, e.g., resistance to rotational isomerization, of PPSQ. For concentrated solutions (0.05 ⩽ c ⩽ 0.20 g/ml) the limiting viscosity ⩾ 0 at zero shear rate is proportional to cM for cM &lt; ⩾ 2 M c and to ( cM ) 3,4 for cM ⩾ ρ 2M c , where M c = 9120. The product X c (〈 s 2 0 / M ) × ρ 2 M c /m a is equal to 356 × 10 −17 for PPSQ, close to the value 400 × 10 −17 typical of single‐chain polymers. The reduced flow curve η K /ϵ 0 versus η C K for the viscosity ϵ K as a function of shear rate K is not far different from that for single‐chain polymers—here, the time constant η C is equal to η 0 R 0 with R 0 the limits of the recovery function R K , at small K ( R 0 is often denoted J e 0 ). The values of η c are intermediate to η c for a flexible single‐chain polymer and the relaxation time η R for rotatory diffusion of a rigid coil. Plots of R K versus K superpose with plots of the transient recovery R 0 (ϑ) with ϑ = K −1 over the limited range η C K &lt; 1 where ϑ is the recovery time ( R 0 (ϑ) goes to R 0 for large ϑ), similar to behavior found with solutions of single‐chain polymers.
Method and evaluation of character stroke preservation on handprint recognition (1995)

A new technique for intelligent form removal has been developed along with a new method for evaluating its impact on optical character recognition. The form removal technique automatically detects the dominant lines in an image and erases them while preserving as much of the overlapping character strokes as possible. This method of form removal relaxes the recognition system's dependence on rigid form design, printing, and reproduction by automatically detecting and removing some of the physical structures (lines) on the form. The line detection and removal technique operates on loosely defined zones in which no image deskewing is performed. The technique was tested on a large number of randomly-ordered handprinted lowercase alphabet fields, as these letters (especially those with descenders) frequently touch and extend through the line along which they are written. It is shown that intelligent form removal can improve lowercase recogrtition by as much as 3%, but this net increase in performance is insufficient to understand the impact on the recognition. There is expected to be trade-offs with the introduction of any new teclmique into a complex recogrtition system. A new statistical analysis was designed to evaluate the impact of intelligent line removal on optical character recognition. This evaluation method compares the statistical distributions of individual confusion pairs between two systems and automatically determines the significant improvements and the significant losses in performance. In order for system developers to continue to reduce error rates, sophisticated analyses like this become necessary to understand the real impact a modification has on recogrtition performance. For example, this method of evaluation should be very useful in squeezing higher performances out of voting systems. The statistical analysis pre- sented in this paper was used to evaluate the new line removal technique and the results are reported.
Geometry/Grid Generation for 3D Multi-Disciplinary Simulations in Multi-Stage Turbomachinery (2013)

A procedure is presented for automated and fast geometry/grid generation of threedimensional, multi-stage, axial turbomachinery for multi-disciplinary simulations involving fluid/thermal, fluid/structural, or fluid/thermal/structural interaction. The procedure generates geometry for solid airfoils and endwalls, thermal barrier coatings, heat transfer pedestals, cooling plenums, cooling/flow-control tubes, and inter-blade-row endwall leakage slots as well as the computational grids for these components. The computational grids that are generated in general consist of multi-block, point-matched structured grids. For the cooling/flow-control tubes, heat transfer pedestals, and inter-blade-row leakage slots, the computational grids are embedded, multi-block, overset grids to allow for arbitrary placement to allow optimization without the need for re-gridding the entire domain. The techniques used to construct the geometry and various computational grids are described. Demonstration of the procedure is provided for a 11⁄2 stage film-cooled turbine and a single stage compressor.