gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Human Platelet Aggregation Without Thromboxane (Tx) Formation (1981)

It is not known whether PG endoperoxides have to be converted to TxA2 in order to induce aggregation and secretion We have examined this crucial question by measuring human platelet aggregation, 14C-5HT release and TxB2 formation induced by collagen, arachidonic acid (AA), adrenaline, U46619 and PGH2 in presence of either 1) 1-2-(4-carboxy-phenoxy) ethyl imidazole hydrochloride, a potent and selective thromboxane synthesis inhibitor (TSI) or a carbocyclic thromboxane A2 (CTA) - a so called thromboxane receptor antagonist. TSI, 1.5 to 75μM produced a dose related inhibition (IC50 5μM n=5) of Tx and elevation of PGE2 synthesis in adrenaline (8μM) and collagen (1.5μg/ml) stimulated platelets. When 14C-SHT labelled platelets were stimulated with 4.5μM adrenaline in the presence of 0, 2.5, 15 and 300μM TSI a 35±2.8, 27±0.5, 24.5±5.0% release of 14C-5HT release resulted and a 10014, 9612, 9711 and 9114% of control aggregation occurred. Similarly when human platelets were stimulated with 0.8mMAA a 51±1.4% (mean ±SE) release of 14C-5HT occurred, while in the presence of 15, 75 and 300μM of UK, a 42±0.4, 32±1, 33±3% of 14C-5HT release resulted. Aggregation induced by the PG endoperoxide analogue U46619 (lμM) was not inhibited by 300μM TSI or l00μM indomethacin, although 99.5% inhibition of Tx formation resulted, and 50 to 60% inhibition of 14C-5HT release was produced both by TSI and indomethacin. However CTA (l-3±M) produced a dose related inhibition of both aggregation and release induced by U46619. CTA (l-10μM) was found to produce superimposable dose related inhibition of collagen induced aggregation and secretion of platelets, whether the platelets were pretreated with 300μM TSI, or not. These results suggest that Tx formation is not necessary for human platelet aggregation, although is contributory to 14C-5HT release induced by collagen, adrenaline, AA and U46619. Also caution must be employed when CTA is used to elucidate the role of TxA2, as it appears to be an effective PG endoperoxide antagonist.
Treatment of hypertrophic scars and keloids with a radiofrequency device: A study of collagen effects (2005)

Use of the thermage radiofrequency device on hypertrophic scars resulted in collagen fibril morphology and production changes. ThermaCool alone did not achieve clinical hypertrophic scar or keloid improvement. The collagen effects of this device should be evaluated further in order to optimize its therapeutic potential for all indications.
Reduction of Bone Cancer Pain by Activation of Spinal Cannabinoid Receptor 1 and Its Expression in the Superficial Dorsal Horn of the Spinal Cord in a Murine Model of Bone Cancer Pain (2009)

Spinal CB1 activation reduced bone cancer-related pain behavior. Presynaptic inhibition may contribute to the analgesic effects of spinal CB1 activation. These findings may lead to novel strategies for the treatment of bone cancer pain.
Peruvianosides A and B, Novel Triterpene Glycosides from the Bulbs of Scilla peruviana (1993)

Abstract Two new rearranged lanosterol trisaccharides, peruvianosides A (1) and B (2), were isolated from fresh bulbs of Scilla peruviana. Their structures were established mainly by extensive 2D NMR analysis. Peruvianoside A (1) showed an inhibitory activity on cyclic adenosine monophosphate (AMP) phosphodiesterase.
A quality control approach for GPS-based automatic vehicle location and navigation systems (1993)

The federated filter, which is a special form of decentralized filters has shown some promising features regarding optimality and other practical aspects. The theory of the federated architecture is discussed. Emphasis is placed on the applications in the field of vehicle navigation using Global Positioning System (GPS). During both theoretical and practical research, it is concluded that federated designs suit optimality needs for systems output and allow the use of existing stand-alone software of individual sensors in an integrated sense without any major modifications. Quality control is feasible, as a malfunction of one of the sensors would be detected and identified before the contamination of the global (combined) output of the system, and hence isolation of errors is feasible in real-time mode.
Marijuana may lessen spasticity of MS (1979)

An active ingredient in the smoke of marijuana, when used at doses below those that produce psychological effects, reduces spasticity in some patients with multiple sclerosis. "We tested the effect of δ<sup>9</sup>-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) because several of our multiple sclerosis patients said that smoking marijuana improved their spasticity," neurologist Carl Ellenberger, MD, told the American Academy of Neurology meeting in Chicago. Ellenberger, assistant professor of medicine at the Hershey Medical Center of Pennsylvania State University, conducted the study with Denis Petro, MD, formerly a resident in neurology and now with the Bureau of Drugs of the Food and Drug Administration, which furnished the THC. Nine patients were given a capsule containing either gelatin or 5 or 10 mg of THC. Prior to this they were examined for spasticity of leg movements by standard neurological criteria, such as resistance to passive stretch, knee and ankle jerk, and presence of deep-tendon
Low‐Melting, Liquid‐Crystalline Metalloporphyrins (1997)

The type of mesophase can be controlled by the addition of side chains to porphyrins bearing several long terminal chains (see, for instance, 1). Either columnar phases or those characteristic of rodlike molecules are formed, whose transition temperatures are lower than those found in the parent systems.
Inhibition of WTA Synthesis Blocks the Cooperative Action of PBPs and Sensitizes MRSA to β-Lactams (2012)

Rising drug resistance is limiting treatment options for infections by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Herein we provide new evidence that wall teichoic acid (WTA) biogenesis is a remarkable antibacterial target with the capacity to destabilize the cooperative action of penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) that underlie β-lactam resistance in MRSA. Deletion of gene tarO, encoding the first step of WTA synthesis, resulted in the restoration of sensitivity of MRSA to a unique profile of β-lactam antibiotics with a known selectivity for penicillin binding protein 2 (PBP2). Of these, cefuroxime was used as a probe to screen for previously approved drugs with a cryptic capacity to potentiate its activity against MRSA. Ticlopidine, the antiplatelet drug Ticlid, strongly potentiated cefuroxime, and this synergy was abolished in strains lacking tarO. The combination was also effective in a Galleria mellonella model of infection. Using both genetic and biochemical strategies, we determined the molecular target of ticlopidine as the N-acetylglucosamine-1-phosphate transferase encoded in gene tarO and provide evidence that WTA biogenesis represents an Achilles heel supporting the cooperative function of PBP2 and PBP4 in creating highly cross-linked muropeptides in the peptidoglycan of S. aureus. This approach represents a new paradigm to tackle MRSA infection.
Role of Technology in Manufacturing Competitiveness (2003)

A manufacturing revolution has emerged in the past 50 years that is as significant as the industrial revolution of the 19th century. From 1950 to 2000, the average productivity growth in manufacturing in the United States was 2.8% per year, and this figure has been accelerating for the past two decades as manufacturing productivity growth has exceeded the average of other sectors by more than one percent per year (please see table below). Stated more simply, a US manufacturing worker can produce four times as much per hour today as compared with fifty years ago. This gain has resulted from competitive pressures, the advent of new technologies, and a series of product and process innovations. It has also resulted in a much higher standard of living for Americans, as products become more useful and more affordable. In order to utilize this new manufacturing capacity, U.S. firms (and others) have expanded their marketing abroad, creating rapid increase in global trade. The perception of a crisis in American manufacturing is the result of one of the most difficult realities of large gains in productivity: additional capacity almost always exceeds increased consumption. This results in an inevitable shift of labor. Industries become more productive as they mature, and competitive pressures increase. These two factors require companies to decrease their workforce and often result in movement of commodity industries overseas. The end result is a loss of jobs in the United States. Displaced workers must shift to new occupations, requiring new skills and abilities. History has shown that this shift can be either detrimental or beneficial to workers; the most important determinant of benefit is the presence of innovative new industries, which, create high value for their markets. The sustainability of growth in the U.S. manufacturing sector is based on the ability of America to continue to innovate. Innovation is the key to a vibrant U.S. manufacturing base and continued generation of new jobs.
Normalisation of Paris agreement NDCs to enhance transparency and ambition (2019)

Abstract The Paris Agreement takes a bottom-up approach to tackling climate change with parties submitting pledges in the form of nationally determined contributions (NDCs). Studies show that the sum of these national pledges falls short of meeting the agreement’s 2 °C target. To explore this discrepancy, we analyse individual pledges and classify them into four categories. By doing so, a lack of consistency and transparency is highlighted, which we correct for by performing a normalisation that makes pledges directly comparable. This involves calculating changes in emissions by 2030, using data for the most recent base year of 2015. We find that pledges framed in terms of absolute emission reductions against historical base years generally produce the greatest ambition, with average emission reductions of 16% by 2030. Pledges defined as GDP intensity targets perform the worst with average emission increases of 61% by 2030. We propose that a normalisation procedure of the type as we develop becomes part of the NDC process. It will allow to not only increase the transparency of pledges for policymakers and wider society, but also promote more effective NDCs upon revision as is foreseen to happen every 5 years under the ‘ratcheting mechanism’ of the agreement.
Response of hemophilic patients to poliovirus vaccination: Correlation with HIV serology and with immunological parameters (1993)

Hemophilic patients may present immunological dysfunctions resulting from either human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, or other factors like impure factor VIII concentrate and other viral infections. We evaluated prospectively the serologic response to polio vaccination of Israeli hemophilic patients who were vaccinated during an outbreak of poliomyelitis. Eighty-two hemophilic patients, 43 seronegative and 39 seropositive for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), were vaccinated with enhanced inactivated poliovirus (eIPV). Titers of antibodies for poliovirus types 1-3 were determined before and 4 weeks after immunization. T helper and suppressor lymphocytes (T4 and T8), B and T lymphocyte mitogenic response, and natural killer cells were tested and correlated with the response to vaccination. Both groups responded to vaccination with increased titers of antibodies to the three viral types, 4 weeks after immunization. HIV-seronegative patients, however, exhibited higher titers than the HIV-seropositive group. The same pattern was found when 21 patients were tested 1 year after the exposure to eIPV. HIV seropositive patients were grouped according to their T4 count (between 16/microliter and 500/microliter). There was no statistically significant difference in the response of these different groups to vaccination. No correlation was found between the response to vaccination and other immune parameters. These results suggest that asymptomatic HIV-seropositive hemophilic patients respond well to eIPV, irrespective of their T4 count.
Forgiveness, reconciliation and justice á la Desmond Tutu (2022)

In the eyes of many, chairing the South African Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC) was the crowning contribution of Archbishop Desmond Tutu to his country, and to the world at large. Against the backdrop of his role leading the TRC, chairing the many victims’ hearings and guiding the amnesty proceedings, the article focuses on Tutu’s views on forgiveness, reconciliation, and justice. The TRC operated within the mandates given to it by the South African parliament, but Tutu with his theological background, strong views, and dynamic personality put his own stamp on the truth and reconciliation process inSouth Africa. The role of religion in establishing truth and working towards justice, forgiveness, and reconciliation was controversial, but for the former Anglican Archbishop of Cape Town, it was inconceivable to embark on the journey of reconciliation without faith in Jesus Christ, the ultimate Reconciler.
Effects limiting the average power of compact pulse-periodic KrF lasers (1995)

Comparative investigations were made of the characteristics of two compact KrF lasers with different geometries and different gas flow velocities. The same electric-discharge system, optimised to reach a high KrF laser efficiency (~ 3.5%), was used in both lasers. It was established that at a high pulse repetition frequency the specific nature of acoustic perturbations, which appeared in the gasdynamic channel, influenced the homogeneity of the discharge and of the laser radiation.
Utilizing idle CPU cycles in a distributed computing system (2002)

Distributed computing systems contain frequently large numbers of idle workstations. Batch job scheduling systems exist that assign jobs to idle workstations and control the job execution in a way that interactive users are impacted as little as possible. However, when workstations are used for interactive as well as batch loads, compromises have to be made. Either interactive users are favored resulting in a reduction of the available CPU cycles for batch job processing, or batch jobs are prioritized which may disturb interactive users. By analyzing the usage records of an interactively used workstation cluster of more than 100 machines, we could quantify the loss of available CPU cycles for batch job processing against the collisions with interactive users. We observed many unused resources even during working-hours. Due to the fact that in this environment the resources available for batch job processing are changing dynamically and cannot be predicted exactly, current scheduling algorithms often deliver bad job turnaround times. We have developed a novel batch job scheduling algorithm which considers the usage history of individual workstations and delivers better job turnaround times. A newly built tool allows to evaluate the performance of different scheduling algorithms under the same environment conditions.
FoXQ - XQuery by forms (2004)

We introduce FoXQ, a visual language that enables end users to query XML We are currently developing a language that brings a lot of the functionality of XQuery within the reach of the end users without getting them embroiled in the intricacies of XQuery syntax. The query interface is form-based and the query model is based on a document metaphor in which the users formulate queries by filling out forms.
Residual errors in laser interferometry from air turbulence and nonlinearity (1987)

Laser displacement interferometry is used extensively in precision equipment for semiconductor manufacture. In these applications it is often necessary to introduce a high velocity airflow to the measurement environment to minimize the density of airborne particulate contaminants. The performance of the heterodyne interferometer is degraded by the resulting fluctuations in the index of refraction along the beam path. The magnitude, correlation length, and probability distribution of the optical path length (OPL) fluctuations are measured for several airflow conditions. The data are interpreted in terms of the path length errors for some common interferometric configurations. The OPL fluctuations are generally less significant than the systematic sources of measurement error. A more fundamental limit on the accuracy of the heterodyne Michelson interferometer is the periodic nonlinearity caused by leakage of the frequency components in the beamsplitter. The effect is discussed in detail. A direct observation of the nonlinearity is reported. The magnitude of the effect is about lambda/64 for the beam splitters used in this experiment. A simple technique which indicates the presence and magnitude of the nonlinearity is described.
Impacts of coagulation on the appearance time method for sub-3 nm particle growth rate evaluation and their corrections (2020)

Abstract. The growth rate of atmospheric new particles is a key parameter that determines their survival probability to become cloud condensation nuclei and hence their impact on the climate. There have been several methods to estimate the new particle growth rate. However, due to the impact of coagulation and measurement uncertainties, it is still challenging to estimate the initial growth rate of sub-3 nm particles, especially in polluted environments with high background aerosol concentrations. In this study, we explore the feasibility of the appearance time method to estimate the growth rate of sub-3 nm particles. The principle of the appearance time method and the impacts of coagulation on the retrieved growth rate are clarified. New formulae in both discrete and continuous spaces are proposed to correct the impacts of coagulation. Aerosol dynamic models are used to test the new formulae. New particle formation in urban Beijing is used to illustrate the importance to consider the impacts of coagulation on sub-3 nm particle growth rate and its calculation. We show that the conventional appearance time method needs to be corrected when the impacts of coagulation sink, coagulation source, and particle coagulation growth are non-negligible compared to the condensation growth. Under the simulation conditions with a constant vapor concentration, the corrected growth rate agrees with the theoretical growth rates. The variation of vapor concentration is found to impact growth rate obtained with the appearance time method. Under the simulation conditions with a varying vapor concentration, the average bias of the corrected 1.5–3 nm particle growth rate range from 6–44 %. During the test new particle formation event in urban Beijing, the corrected condensation growth rate of sub-3 nm particles was in accordance with the growth rate contributed by sulfuric acid condensation, whereas the conventional appearance time method overestimated the condensation growth rate of 1.5 nm particles by 80 %.
Comparison of the effects of zonisamide, ethosuximide and pregabalin in the chronic constriction injury induced neuropathic pain in rats (2015)

The present findings suggest that the inhibition of N-type calcium channels or voltage-gated sodium and T-type calcium channels provides better analgesic potential instead of inhibition of T-type calcium channels alone.
Formation of Nickel Clusters Wrapped in Carbon Cages: Toward New Endohedral Metallofullerene Synthesis (2017)

Despite the high potential of endohedral metallofullerenes (EMFs) for application in biology, medicine and molecular electronics, and recent efforts in EMF synthesis, the variety of EMFs accessible by conventional synthetic methods remains limited and does not include, for example, EMFs of late transition metals. We propose a method in which EMF formation is initiated by electron irradiation in aberration-corrected high-resolution transmission electron spectroscopy (AC-HRTEM) of a metal cluster surrounded by amorphous carbon inside a carbon nanotube serving as a nanoreactor and apply this method for synthesis of nickel EMFs. The use of AC-HRTEM makes it possible not only to synthesize new, previously unattainable nanoobjects but also to study in situ the mechanism of structural transformations. Molecular dynamics simulations using the state-of-the-art approach for modeling the effect of electron irradiation are performed to rationalize the experimental observations and to link the observed processes with conditions of bulk EMF synthesis.
Acacia Senegal Gum Exudate Offers Protection Against Cyclophosphamide‐Induced Urinary Bladder Cytotoxicity (2009)

Cylophosphamide (CYCL) is a strong anticancer and immunosuppressive agent but its urotoxicity presents one of the major toxic effects that limit its wide usage particularly in high dose regimens. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate Acacia Senegal gum exudate ,Gum Arabic (GA), for its possible role as a natural, nontoxic agent against CYCL-induced urotoxicity. Male Swiss albino rats were exposed to CYCL (150 mg/kg BW, once i.p) with or without GA oral supplementation (7.5 g/kg/day for 6 days) through drinking water. Glutathione (GSH), Malondialdehyde (MDA) and Nitric oxide (NO) bladder contents were assessed. Responsiveness of the bladder rings to acetylcholine (ACh) in vitro, microscopic and macroscopic features are also investigated. CYCL produced pronounced harmful effects on bladder urothelial lining with significant increases in (MDA) and NO levels in the tissue homogenates. Bladder-GSH content is dropped by over 60% following CYCL injection. Bladder contractility, as measured by its responsiveness to ACh, recorded a marked reduction. The isolated bladders exhibited such macroscopic changes as severe edema, inflammation and extravasation. The bladder weight increased as well. Histological changes were evident in the form of severe congestion, petechial hemorrhage and chronic inflammatory reaction in the lamina propria accompanied with desquamated epithelia. GA, a potential protective agent, produced an almost complete reversal of NO induction, lipid peroxidation or cellular GSH bladder contents in the GA+CYCL-treated group. Likewise, bladder inflammation and edema were reduced. Bladder rings showed a remarkable recovery in their responsiveness to ACh. Bladder histological examination showed a near normal configuration and structural integrity, with a significant reduction in inflammation and disappearance of focal erosions. These remarkable effects of GA may be attributed to its ability to neutralize acrolein, the reactive metabolite of CYCL and/or the resultant reactive oxygen metabolites, through a scavenging action. GA may limit the cascading events of CYCL -induced damage, initiating a cytoprotective effect leading to structural and functional recovery of the bladder tissues.
Experimental Characterization of a Permanent Magnet Magnetorheological Clutch for Automotive Applications (2012)

In this work a magnetorheological clutch prototype with a permanent magnet is presented and the torque transmitted in several operating configurations is obtained by a specifically designed test bench. The clutch prototype was designed in order to have the possibility to disengage the vacuum pump which operates the power brake in diesel engines continuously. Torque transmission and size specifications were suggested by the specific application. A permanent magnet was used in order to obtain a fail-safe operation and particular attention was focused on materials selection in order to maximize torque transmission in the engaged mode and to minimize power consumption when the clutch is disengaged. Tests were carried out on the test bench, in which electric motors apply the driving and braking torques to the primary and secondary shaft of the clutch; the transmitted torque was measured by a torque-meter at several rotational speeds. Experimental results are discussed in the paper with reference to classical literature models. The experimental tests gave also useful indications on possible improvements in the clutch design, especially regarding the seals, which have to prevent leakages at the working fluid pressure and to keep the friction losses low.