gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
[Protein kinase inhibitor staurosporine enhances cytotoxicity of antitumor drugs to cancer cells]. (1996)

Treated with low dosage (5 ng.ml-1) of staurosporine for 18 h, human embryo lung 2BS cells were blocked at the G1/S boundary, but human gastric carcinoma BGC-823 cells still kept their cell cycle. In comparison with IC50 of 2BS and BGC-823 cells treated with cell cycle phase specific antitumor drugs adriamycin, Ara-C and BLM A5 alone or combined with staurosporine 5 ng.ml-1, the IC50 values increased from 0.325 microgram.ml-1, 5 micrograms.ml-1 and 6.5 micrograms.ml-1 to 0.45 microgram.ml-1, 10 micrograms.ml-1 and 6.5 micrograms.ml-1, respectively in 2BS cells; but decreased from 0.325 microgram.ml-1, 25 micrograms.ml-1 and 1.1 micrograms.ml-1 to 0.07 microgram.ml-1, 6.25 micrograms.ml-1 and 0.4 microgram.ml-1, respectively in BGC-823 cells. These results suggest that combination of staurosporine 5 ng.ml-1 with antitumor drugs showed different effects on tumor cells and normal cells. With the GSH fluorescent probe mBCL, we found that GSH contents increased in 2BS cells treated with staurosporine 5 ng.ml-1.
DESIGN OF CONCRETE PLATFORMS AFTER SLEIPNER A-1 SINKING (1993)

Following the findings of causes resulting in the sinking of the Sleipner A-1 platform in August 1991, the designers of new concrete platforms have to take particular steps to ensure the integrity of such platforms. These steps are describes in the paper. Of particular importance are the following: - careful finite element analysis of joints - major emphasis on independent design verification - hazard and operability analysis to identify possible errors during construction and marine operations - risk analysis to ensure very low probability of platform failure
Learning from Multi-domain Artistic Images for Arbitrary Style Transfer (2018)

We propose a fast feed-forward network for arbitrary style transfer, which can generate stylized image for previously unseen content and style image pairs. Besides the traditional content and style representation based on deep features and statistics for textures, we use adversarial networks to regularize the generation of stylized images. Our adversarial network learns the intrinsic property of image styles from large-scale multi-domain artistic images. The adversarial training is challenging because both the input and output of our generator are diverse multi-domain images. We use a conditional generator that stylized content by shifting the statistics of deep features, and a conditional discriminator based on the coarse category of styles. Moreover, we propose a mask module to spatially decide the stylization level and stabilize adversarial training by avoiding mode collapse. As a side effect, our trained discriminator can be applied to rank and select representative stylized images. We qualitatively and quantitatively evaluate the proposed method, and compare with recent style transfer methods. We release our code and model at https://github.com/nightldj/behance_release.
Towards the Human Cancer Epigenome: A First Draft of Histone Modifications (2005)

The disruption of genomic DNA methylation patterns was the first epigenetic abnormality to be described in human cancer. This imbalance involves the promoter CpG island hypermethylation of tumor-suppressor genes, causing transcriptional repression, and global genomic hypomethylation, leading to chromosomal instability and reactivation of endoparasitic sequences. The relationship between DNA methylation and histone modifications was initially described in the context of the inactivation of female X chromosomes and of the demonstration of strong interactions between the DNA methylation machinery and chromatin modifiers. The repression of tumor-suppressor genes by promoter hypermethylation was also found to be associated with a specific histone modification index. However, this jigsaw was missing a piece: a global view of how the histone modification landscape was distorted in cancer cells. We have recently discovered this piece of the puzzle, demonstrating that the association between DNA methylation and histone modification aberrations in cancer also occurs at the global level. In human and mouse tumors, histone H4 undergoes a loss of monoacetylated and trimethylated lysines 16 and 20, respectively. Most importantly, these alterations occur within the context of the repetitive DNA sequences that also become hypomethylated in transformed cells. The global alterations of histone acetylation status suggest novel pathways by which histone acetyltransferases (HATs), histone methyltransferases (HMTs), and histone deacetylases (HDACs) may play roles as tumor-suppressor genes or oncogenes. In this regard, we have shown how the generation of particular fusion proteins involving HATs in leukemias is associated with an erasure of the monoacetylated lysine 16-H4 marker, whilst the loss of trimethylation at lysine 20-H4 disrupts heterochromatic domains and may reduce the response to DNA damage of cancer cells.
Optimum Network Coding for Delay Sensitive Applications in WiMAX Unicast (2009)

MAC layer random network coding (MRNC) was proposed as an alternative to HARQ for reliable data transmission in WiMAX unicast. It has been shown that MRNC achieves a higher transmission efficiency than HARQ as it avoids the problem of ACK/NAK packet overhead and the additional redundancy resulting from their loss. However, it did not address the problem of restricting the number of transmissions to an upper bound which is important for delay sensitive applications. In this paper, we investigate a more structured MAC layer coding scheme that achieves the optimum performance in the delay sensitive traffic context while achieving the same overhead level as MRNC. We first formulate the delay sensitive traffic satisfaction, in such an environment, as a minimax optimization problem over all possible coding schemes. We then show that the MAC layer systematic network coding (MSNC), which transmits the packets once uncoded and employs random network coding for retransmissions, achieves the optimum performance for delay sensitive applications while achieving the same overhead level as MRNC.
Daughterless cane toads (2006)

This paper outlines a genetic strategy – daughterless cane toads – designed to control the spread of the cane toad population, and perhaps eventually eradicate cane toads from Australia. The strategy is based on skewing of sex ratios in favour of males, thus limiting the number of females available for breeding. Major advantages of this strategy are that it is humane and non-lethal, and poses no threat to species other than the cane toad.
Statistics of highly heterogeneous flow fields confined to three-dimensional random porous media (2016)

We present a strong relationship between the microstructural characteristics of, and the fluid velocity fields confined to, three-dimensional random porous materials. The relationship is revealed through simultaneously extracting correlation functions R_{uu}(r) of the spatial (Eulerian) velocity fields and microstructural two-point correlation functions S_{2}(r) of the random porous heterogeneous materials. This demonstrates that the effective physical transport properties depend on the characteristics of complex pore structure owing to the relationship between R_{uu}(r) and S_{2}(r) revealed in this study. Further, the mean excess plot was used to investigate the right tail of the streamwise velocity component that was found to obey light-tail distributions. Based on the mean excess plot, a generalized Pareto distribution can be used to approximate the positive streamwise velocity distribution.
Cell release during perfusion reflects cold ischemic injury in rat livers (2020)

The global shortage of donor organs has made it crucial to deeply understand and better predict donor liver viability. However, biomarkers that effectively assess viability of marginal grafts for organ transplantation are currently lacking. Here, we showed that hepatocytes, sinusoidal endothelial, stellate, and liver-specific immune cells were released into perfusates from Lewis rat livers as a result of cold ischemia and machine perfusion. Perfusate comparison analysis of fresh livers and cold ischemic livers showed that the released cell profiles were significantly altered by the duration of cold ischemia. Our findings show for the first time that parenchymal cells are released from organs under non-proliferative pathological conditions, correlating with the degree of ischemic injury. Thus, perfusate cell profiles could serve as potential biomarkers of graft viability and indicators of specific injury mechanisms during organ handling and transplantation. Further, parenchymal cell release may have applications in other pathological conditions beyond organ transplantation.
Correlations of the nonexponentiality and state dependence of mechanical relaxations with bond connectivity in Ge-As-Se supercooled liquids (1992)

We have studied the mechanical responses of supercooled Ge-As-Se liquids to flexural strains and temperature steps. The departures from exponential relaxation correlate well with the variations in connectivity. The structural state dependence of the mechanical relaxation, detected in pure and weakly cross-linked Se, is suppressed completely at the rigidity percolation threshold 〈${\mathit{r}}_{\mathit{c}}$〉, where the liquid fragility is a minimum. The shapes of the decay functions of samples with the same 〈${\mathit{r}}_{\mathit{c}}$〉 but different compositions are not universal at ${\mathit{T}}_{\mathit{g}}$ probably because of chemical effects near the binary edges of the ternary system.
Interpretable and Fine-Grained Visual Explanations for Convolutional Neural Networks (2019)

To verify and validate networks, it is essential to gain insight into their decisions, limitations as well as possible shortcomings of training data. In this work, we propose a post-hoc, optimization based visual explanation method, which highlights the evidence in the input image for a specific prediction. Our approach is based on a novel technique to defend against adversarial evidence (i.e. faulty evidence due to artefacts) by filtering gradients during optimization. The defense does not depend on human-tuned parameters. It enables explanations which are both fine-grained and preserve the characteristics of images, such as edges and colors. The explanations are interpretable, suited for visualizing detailed evidence and can be tested as they are valid model inputs. We qualitatively and quantitatively evaluate our approach on a multitude of models and datasets.
NRas activity is regulated by dynamic interactions with nanoscale signaling clusters at the plasma membrane (2022)

NRas is a key mediator of the mitogenic pathway in normal cells and in cancer cells. Its dynamics and nanoscale organization at the plasma membrane (PM) facilitate its signaling. Here, we used two-color photoactivated localization microscopy to resolve the organization of individual NRas and associated signaling proteins in live melanoma cells, with resolution down to ∼20 nm. Upon EGF activation, a fraction of NRas and BRAF (dis)assembled synchronously at the PM in co-clusters. NRas and BRAF clusters associated with GPI-enriched domains, serving as possible nucleation sites for these clusters. NRas and BRAF association in mutual clusters was reduced by the NRas farnesylation inhibitor lonafarnib, yet enhanced by the BRAF inhibitor vemurafenib. Surprisingly, dispersed NRas molecules associated with the periphery of self-clusters of either Grb2 or NF1. Thus, NRas-mediated signaling, which is critical in health and disease, is regulated by dynamic interactions with functional clusters of BRAF or other related proteins at the PM.
Understanding the Variability of Certain Biological Properties of H1N1pdm09 Influenza Viruses (2022)

The influenza virus continually evolves because of the high mutation rate, resulting in dramatic changes in its pathogenicity and other biological properties. This study aimed to evaluate the evolution of certain essential properties, understand the connections between them, and find the molecular basis for the manifestation of these properties. To that end, 21 A(H1N1)pdm09 influenza viruses were tested for their pathogenicity and toxicity in a mouse model with a <i>ts/non-ts</i> phenotype manifestation and HA thermal stability. The results demonstrated that, for a strain to have high pathogenicity, it must express a toxic effect, have a <i>non-ts</i> phenotype, and have a thermally stable HA. The ancestor A/California/07/2009 (H1N1)pdm influenza virus expressed the <i>non-ts</i> phenotype, after which the cycling trend of the <i>ts/non-ts</i> phenotype was observed in new strains of A(H1N1)pdm09 influenza viruses, indicating that the ratio of the <i>ts</i> phenotype will increase in the coming years. Of the 21 tested viruses, A/South Africa/3626/2013 had the high pathogenicity in the mouse model. Sequence alignment analysis showed that this virus has three unique mutations in the polymerase complex, two of which are in the PB2 gene and one that is in the PB1 gene. Further study of these mutations might explain the distinguishing pathogenicity.
Normal forms for nonlinear vector fields. II. Applications (1989)

For pt.I see ERL memo UCB/ERL, M87/81 (1987). The normal form theory for nonlinear vector fields presented in pt.I, is applied to several examples of vector fields whose Jacobian matrix is a typical Jordan form, which gives rise to interesting bifurcation behavior. The normal forms derived from these examples are based on Ushiki's method, which is a refinement of Takens' method. A comparison of the normal forms derived by Poincare's method, F. Takens' method (1974), and S. Ushiki's method (1984) is also given. For vector fields imbued with some form of symmetry, additional constraints are imposed in the normal-form algorithm from pt.I so that the resulting normal form will inherit the same form of symmetry. The normal forms of a given vector field are then used to derive its versal unfoldings in the form of an n-parameter family of vector fields. Such unfoldings are powerful tools for analyzing the bifurcation phenomena of vector fields when the parameter changes. Moreover, since the local bifurcation structure around a highly degenerate singularity can include some bifurcation phenomena of a global nature which have been observed from a less degenerate family of vector fields, it follows that the concepts of normal form and versal unfolding are useful tools for analyzing such degenerate singularities.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Comparative Research on the Metropolitan Administration and Service in Porto (2020)

&lt;p&gt;The Porto Metropolitan Area (Área Metropolitana do Porto, AMP) is a framework of cooperation between 17 municipalities and several districts. This metropolitan area has a specific, inter-municipal model of urban governance. In our research, we found that cooperation is significant mainly in sectors where the central legislature has essentially made this mandatory, by designing the AMP and defining its powers. In addition to AMP, only partial cooperation has been established in the field of waste management, and in the field of human public services and in the performance of public authority, there is essentially a set of autonomous organisational solutions. However, despite all this fragmentation, the above system ensures the satisfactory functioning of the metropolitan agglomeration. This also underlines the importance of transport management in urban areas, since this functioning system is based on an integrated and intermodal transport system&lt;/p&gt;
Quantum interference of resonance fluorescence from Germanium-vacancy color centers in diamond (2022)

Resonance fluorescence from a quantum emitter is an ideal source to extract indistinguishable photons. By using the cross polarization to suppress the laser scattering, we observed resonance fluorescence from GeV color centers in diamond at cryogenic temperature. The Fourier-transform-limited linewidth emission with $T_2/2T_1\sim0.86$ allows for two-photon interference based on single GeV color center. Under pulsed excitation, the 24 ns separated photons exhibit a Hong-Ou-Mandel visibility of $0.604\pm0.022$, while the continuous-wave excitation leads to a coalescence time window of 1.05 radiative lifetime. Together with single-shot readout of spin states, it paves the way towards building a quantum network with GeV color centers in diamond.
Optical character recognition: a technology driver for neural networks (2002)

It is shown that a neural net can perform handwritten digit recognition with state-of-the-art accuracy. The solution required automatic learning and generalization from thousands of training examples and also required designing into the system considerable knowledge about the task-neither engineering nor learning from examples alone would have sufficed. The resulting network is well suited for implementation on workstations or PCs and can take advantage of digital signal processors (DSPs) or custom VLSI.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
A novel circuit for independent control of electron energy and emission current of a hot cathode electron source (2011)

The implementation of a non-linear combination of two reference voltages to control the anode voltage in the previously described biasing system of an electron source with a hot cathode allows elimination of the correlation between the emission current and the accelerating voltage. The presented system is highly suitable for applications in electron-impact mass spectrometers, ionization gauges and other instruments (for example, electron microscopes).
Towards more Reliable Transfer Learning (2018)

Multi-source transfer learning has been proven effective when within-target labeled data is scarce. Previous work focuses primarily on exploiting domain similarities and assumes that source domains are richly or at least comparably labeled. While this strong assumption is never true in practice, this paper relaxes it and addresses challenges related to sources with diverse labeling volume and diverse reliability. The first challenge is combining domain similarity and source reliability by proposing a new transfer learning method that utilizes both source-target similarities and inter-source relationships. The second challenge involves pool-based active learning where the oracle is only available in source domains, resulting in an integrated active transfer learning framework that incorporates distribution matching and uncertainty sampling. Extensive experiments on synthetic and two real-world datasets clearly demonstrate the superiority of our proposed methods over several baselines including state-of-the-art transfer learning methods.
Activation of the Pro-drug Ethionamide Is Regulated in Mycobacteria (2000)

The anti-tuberculosis drug ethionamide (ETH), which is a structural analog of isoniazid (INH), is known to strongly inhibit mycolic acid synthesis in Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Although several targets have been identified for INH, only speculative information is available concerning ETH. Mutations within the promoter and the coding region of enoyl-acyl carrier protein reductase (InhA) were found to confer resistance to both drugs, thus leading to the impression that INH and ETH may share a common mode of action. However, a notable distinction between the two drugs lies in the lack of cross-resistance in clinical isolates. This may be attributed in part to the fact that the pro-drug INH must be activated via KatG, and no activation step for ETH has yet been described. Here we report the identification of an activator for ETH. The ETH activator (Rv3854c), which we have termed EthA, was found to be homologous to various monooxygenases and induced ETH sensitivity when overexpressed in mycobacteria. Interestingly, the neighboring open reading frame (Rv3855), which was found homologous to transcriptional repressors of the tetR family, led to ETH resistance when overexpressed. In addition, chromosomal inactivation of this gene by transposition led to ETH hypersensitivity. These data strongly suggest that Rv3855, which we have termed EthR, regulates the production of EthA, which subsequently activates the pro-drug ETH. This study opens up new avenues of research relating to ETH activation in mycobacteria, possibly leading to an improved efficacy of ETH and to the generation of new anti-mycobacterial agents.
One-Step Sintering Process for the Production of Magnetocaloric La(Fe,Si)13-Based Composites (2022)

A one-step sintering process was developed to produce magnetocaloric La(Fe,Si)13/Ce-Co composites. The effects of Ce2Co7 content and sintering time on the relevant phase transformations were determined. Following sintering at 1373 K/30 MPa for 1–6 h, the NaZn13-type (La,Ce)(Fe,Co,Si)13 phase formed, the mass fraction of α-Fe phase reduced and the CeFe7-type (La,Ce)(Fe,Co,Si)7 phase appeared. The mass fraction of the (La,Ce)(Fe,Co,Si)7 phase increased, and the α-Fe phase content decreased with increasing Ce2Co7 content. However, the mass fraction of the (La,Ce)(Fe,Co,Si)7 phase reduced with increasing sintering time. The EDS results showed a difference in concentration between Co and Ce at the interphase boundary between the 1:13 phase and the 1:7 phase, indicating that the diffusion mode of Ce is reaction diffusion, while that of Co is the usual vacancy mechanism. Interestingly, almost 100 % single phase (La,Ce)(Fe,Co,Si)13 was obtained by appropriate Ce2Co7 addition. After 6 h sintering at 1373 K, the Ce and Co content in the (La,Ce)(Fe,Co,Si)13 phase increased for larger Ce2Co7 content. Therefore, the Curie temperature increased from 212 K (binder-free sample) to 331 K (15 wt.% Ce2Co7 sample). The maximum magnetic entropy change (−ΔSM)max decreased from 8.8 (binder-free sample) to 6.0 J/kg·K (15 wt.% Ce2Co7 sample) under 5 T field. High values of compressive strength (σbc)max of up to 450 MPa and high thermal conductivity (λ) of up to 7.5 W/m·K were obtained. A feasible route to produce high quality La(Fe,Si)13 based magnetocaloric composites with large MCE, good mechanical properties, attractive thermal conductivity and tunable TC by a one-step sintering process has been demonstrated.