gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Exon switching and activation of stromal and embryonic fibroblast growth factor (FGF)-FGF receptor genes in prostate epithelial cells accompany stromal independence and malignancy. (1993)

Stroma and the heparin-binding fibroblast growth factor (FGF) family influence normal epithelial cell growth and differentiation in embryonic and adult tissues. The role of stromal cells and the expression of isoforms of the FGF ligand and receptor family were examined during malignant progression of epithelial cells from a differentiated, slowly growing, nonmalignant model rat prostate tumor. In syngeneic hosts, a mixture of stromal and epithelial cells resulted in nonmalignant tumors which were differentiated and slowly growing. In the absence of the stromal cells, epithelial cells progressed to malignant tumors which were independent of the stroma and undifferentiated. The independence of the malignant epithelial cells from stromal cells was accompanied by a switch from exclusive expression of exon IIIb to exclusive expression of exon IIIc in the FGF receptor 2 (FGF-R2) gene. The FGF-R2(IIIb) isoform displays high affinity for stromal cell-derived FGF-7, whereas the FGF-R2(IIIc) isoform does not recognize FGF-7 but has high affinity for the FGF-2 member of the FGF ligand family. The switch from expression of exclusively exon IIIb to exclusively exon IIIc in the resident FGF-R2 gene was followed by activation of the FGF-2 ligand gene, the normally stromal cell FGF-R1 gene, and embryonic FGF-3 and FGF-5 ligand genes in malignant epithelial cells. Multiple autocrine and potentially intracrine ligand-receptor loops resulting from these alterations within the FGF-FGF-R family may underlie the autonomy of malignant tumor cells.
Analyzing and Recognizing Walking Figures in XYT (1994)

Introduction We have derived a novel approach to the detection and recognition of human gait. In gait detection, we find a spatiotemporal pattern that signals the presence of a walking person. In gait recognition, we seek to identify the individual who is walking. It is known that humans can detect and recognize gait with reduce spatiotemporal sequences (such as moving light displays) [3, 10], and we would like to give similar capabilities to machines. Any reasonable approach to the interpretation of human motion must impose a model of a human and explain how visual observations are to be fitted to the model. Model recovery is difficult for a number of reasons. As with most object model recovery, this process should be insensitive to lighting, position, and size. In modeling humans, the recovery process should not be sensitive to clothing or any other features specific to a particular individual. Furthermore, unlike most objects, the human body
Pharmacogenetic Associations ofCYP2C19Genotype with In Vivo Metabolisms and Pharmacological Effects of Thalidomide (2002)

Thalidomide requires cytochrome P450 (CYP)-catalyzed biotransformation for its antiangiogenic property, and CYP2C19 is responsible for 5-hydroxylation and 5'-hydroxylation of thalidomide in human. This study explored a hypothesis that patients with poor metabolizing phenotype of CYP2C19 receive little benefit from thalidomide treatment and that the poor metabolizer genotype is associated with lower ability to form the metabolites. A case-control study was conducted with 63 patients with prostate cancer who had been enrolled in a randomized phase II trial of thalidomide monotherapy (200 to 1,200 mg/day). CYP2C19 polymorphism (CYP2C19(*)2, CYP2C19(*)3, CYP2C19(*)4) was compared with clinical events (prostate-specific antigen (PSA) decline) and formations of the hydroxylated metabolites. Two patients were homozygous for the variant CYP2C19(*)2 allele (poor metabolizing phenotype). Both of these were included in the 25 patients whose PSA failed to demonstrate a decline. While 32% and 48% of the patients had quantifiable levels of 5-hydroxythalidomide and cis-5'-hydroxythalidomide, respectively, these metabolite were below quantification in both poor metabolizing patients. None had CYP2C19(*)3 or CYP2C19(*)4 alleles. Although this study had no power to detect the statistical significance of the CYP2C19 genotype, the findings were consistent with our hypothesis. The role of CYP2C19 polymorphism in thalidomide treatments remains to be elucidated.
Reciprocal Mouse and Human Limb Phenotypes Caused by Gain- and Loss-of-Function Mutations Affecting Lmbr1 (2001)

The major locus for dominant preaxial polydactyly in humans has been mapped to 7q36. In mice the dominant Hemimelic extra toes (Hx) and Hammertoe (Hm) mutations map to a homologous chromosomal region and cause similar limb defects. The Lmbr1 gene is entirely within the small critical intervals recently defined for both the mouse and human mutations and is misexpressed at the exact time that the mouse Hx phenotype becomes apparent during limb development. This result suggests that Lmbr1 may underlie preaxial polydactyly in both mice and humans. We have used deletion chromosomes to demonstrate that the dominant mouse and human limb defects arise from gain-of-function mutations and not from haploinsufficiency. Furthermore, we created a loss-of-function mutation in the mouse Lmbr1 gene that causes digit number reduction (oligodactyly) on its own and in trans to a deletion chromosome. The loss of digits that we observed in mice with reduced Lmbr1 activity is in contrast to the gain of digits observed in Hx mice and human polydactyly patients. Our results suggest that the Lmbr1 gene is required for limb formation and that reciprocal changes in levels of Lmbr1 activity can lead to either increases or decreases in the number of digits in the vertebrate limb.
Hydrocarbon generation potential evaluation of coal shale gas of Permo-Carboniferous in Jiyang Depression (2019)

This paper studied the residual strata distribution of Carboniferous-Permian in Jiyang Depression, the organic geochemical characteristics of shale and the correlation of hydrocarbon-generating potential of shale by applying geochemistry, petroleum geology and coal geology, for study hydrocarbon generation potential of Permo-Carboniferous coal shale in Jiyang Depression. The results show that the thickness of Carboniferous-Permian residual strata in Jiyang Depression is generally 200-800 m, the thickest can reach 900 m; coal shale has good organic matter abundance and is type III kerogen, which is conducive to gas generation, and organic matter maturity reaches maturity-higher maturity stage; Benxi Formation and Taiyuan Formation have better hydrocarbon generation potential; medium to good hydrocarbon source rocks can be found in every sag of Shanxi Formation hydrocarbon source rocks, but the scope is limited, and the overall evaluation is still medium. Compared with other areas in China, it is found that the hydrocarbon-generating capacity of coal-bearing shale of Carboniferous-Permian in Jiyang Depression is generally at a medium level, which has a certain shale gas exploration potential.
Calcium-activated chloride current in rabbit coronary artery myocytes. (1994)

Whole-cell patch-clamp techniques were used to study enzymatically dispersed epicardial coronary artery smooth muscle cells. Depolarizing voltage pulses of 500-millisecond duration from -60 mV (118 mmol/L CsCl, 22 mmol/L tetraethylammonium chloride, and 5 mmol/L EGTA pipette solution) elicited inward L-type calcium currents (ICa). When EGTA was omitted from the pipette solution, an outward current was superimposed on the calcium current, and repolarizing voltage steps produced an inward tail current (IT). The amplitude of these inward currents was proportional to the ICa amplitude from -30 to +50 mV. The time course of decay of the current was well fit by a single exponential equation. The time constant (tau) of this equation did not change with the size of IT but was clearly voltage dependent (shorter at more negative potentials). Changing the chloride reversal potential from -1.3 to -39.7 mV by anion substitution using methanesulfonate as the chloride replacement in the pipette solution shifted the zero current level of IT from 0.9 +/- 0.56 to -33.1 +/- 0.85 mV. The tail current was blocked by nifedipine (10(-6) mol/L) and by isosmolar calcium substitution with barium in the bath solution and was enhanced by the dihydropyridine agonist Bay K 8644 (10(-6) mol/L). IT was also blocked by the chloride channel blockers DIDS (10(-4) mol/L) and niflumic acid (10(-5) mol/L). Caffeine (10(-2) mol/L), which releases intracellular calcium stores, caused an inward current at holding potentials (-60 mV), which was inhibited by DIDS. Caffeine also inhibited subsequent attempts to elicit IT by depolarizing pulses (88% reduction in IT).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
An Examination of the Prediction of Hydrate Formation Conditions in the Presence of Thermodynamic Inhibitors (2018)

Gas hydrates are crystalline compounds, solid structures where water traps small guest molecules, typically light gases, in cages formed by hydrogen bonds. They are notorious for causing problems in oil and gas production, transportation and processing. Gas hydrates may form at pressures and temperatures commonly found in natural gas and oil production pipelines, thus causing partial or complete pipe blockages. In order to inhibit hydrate formation, chemicals such as alcohols (e.g., ethanol, methanol, mono-ethylene glycol) and salts (sodium, magnesium or potassium chloride) are injected into the produced stream. The purpose of this work is to briefly review the literature on hydrate formation in mixtures containing light gases (hydrocarbons and carbon dioxide) and water in the presence of thermodynamic inhibitors. Four calculation methods to predict hydrate formation in those systems were examined and compared. Three commercial packages (Multiflash®, PVTSim® and CSMGem) and a hydrate prediction routine in Fortran90 using the van der Waals and Platteeuw theory and the Peng-Robinson equation of state were tested. Predictions given by the four methods were compared to independent experimental data from the literature. In general, the four methods were found to be reasonably accurate. CSMGem and Multiflash® showed the best results.
Cockroach Milli-Robot With Improved Load Capacity (2019)

In the field of milli-robots, several methods of constructing robots by laminating materials and then folding have been developed. Among these methods, smart composite microstructures (SCM) is widely used for making lightweight small mobile robots. However, in the case of a robot manufactured by the SCM method, due to flexible and easily deformable links and joints, it is often difficult to obtain proper kinematic movement due to deformation of the structure when a heavy load is applied. In this paper, studies on the mechanism design and manufacturing were carried out to increase the load capacity of robots manufactured by SCM. First, we modified the kinematics of the robot to reduce off-axis loading on flexure joints by using a planar 6 bar leg mechanism, which was fabricated using a new multilayer SCM process. Second, the fabrication process is improved to reduce peeling of laminate structures by introducing integrated rivets at joints. Finally, alternative materials, such as balsa, are used. To verify the design and fabrication improvements, we compared the payloads after applying the proposed methods to an existing cockroach robot design. Compared to the previous design, speed with a 50-g payload increased from 7 to 30 cm per second.
8.TWO OF A KIND: GENDER AND FRIENDSHIP IN FRIEND AND TAKE CARE OF MY CAT (2019)

This chapter considers two buddy films released in 2001 that exemplify contrasting tendencies within contemporary South Korean cinema: Friend ( Ch'in'gu ) and Take Care of My Cat ( Goyangirŭl but'akhae ). Both are ‘friendship- themed’ films, the narratives of which are primarily concerned with the fluctuating relationships among a circle of close-knit school-friends as they make the transition to adult life, although Friend is directed by a man (Kwak Kyŏng-t'aek) and is about four male friends and their macho world, while Take Care of My Cat is directed by a woman (Chŏng Jae-ŭn [Jeong Jae-eun]) and is about five female friends. Interestingly, however, only Friend was actively promoted as a buddy film. With its straightforward but rather unimaginative title, Friend is presented as a film that urges viewers to think about true friendship. Also emphasised in its publicity material is the fact that the film is based on a ‘real’ story of the film's writer/director, Kwak, and his three childhood friends. Kwak, who dedicated the film to ‘my friends and family’, expressed a wish that the audience would consider contacting their old friends again after watching his film. As such, the male friendship theme in Friend is prominently used and foregrounded, whereas the issue of female friendship in Take Care of My Cat is rather subdued, only receiving the occasional passing remark in its promotional material.
The lipin family: mutations and metabolism (2009)

Lipin-1 and lipin-2 are required for normal lipid homeostasis and have unique physiological roles. Future studies, for example using engineered mouse models, will be required to fully elucidate their specific roles in normal physiology and disease.
Locator/Identifier Split Networking: A Promising Future Internet Architecture (2017)

The Internet has achieved unprecedented success in human history. However, its original design has encountered many challenges in the past decades due to the significant changes of context and requirements. As a result, the design of future networks has received great attention from both academia and industry, and numerous novel architectures have sprung up in recent years. Among them, the locator/identifier (Loc/ID) split networking is widely discussed for its decoupling of the overloaded IP address semantics, which satisfies several urgent needs of the current Internet such as mobility, multihoming, routing scalability, security, and heterogeneous network convergence. Hence, in this paper, we focus on Loc/ID split network architectures, and provide a related comprehensive survey on their principles, mechanisms, and characteristics. First, we illustrate the major serious problems of the Internet caused by the overloading of IP address semantics. Second, we classify the existing Loc/ID split network architectures based on their properties, abstract the general principle and framework for each classification, and demonstrate related representative architectures in detail. Finally, we summarize the fundamental features of the Loc/ID split networking, compare corresponding investigated architectures, and discuss several open issues and opportunities.
Thermosensitive Hydrogels Loaded with Resveratrol Nanoemulsion: Formulation Optimization by Central Composite Design and Evaluation in MCF-7 Human Breast Cancer Cell Lines (2022)

The second most common cause of mortality among women is breast cancer. A variety of natural compounds have been demonstrated to be beneficial in the management of various malignancies. Resveratrol is a promising anticancer polyphenolic compound found in grapes, berries, etc. Nevertheless, its low solubility, and hence its low bioavailability, restrict its therapeutic potential. Therefore, in our study, we developed a thermosensitive hydrogel formulation loaded with resveratrol nanoemulsion to enhance its bioavailability. Initially, resveratrol nanoemulsions were formulated and optimized utilizing a central composite-face-centered design. The independent variables for optimization were surfactant level, homogenization speed, and time, while the size and zeta potential were the dependent variables. The optimized nanoemulsion formulation was converted into a sensitive hydrogel using poloxamer 407. Rheological studies proved the formation of gel consistency at physiological temperature. Drug loading efficiency and in vitro drug release from gels were also analyzed. The drug release mechanisms from the gels were assessed using various mathematical models. The effect of the optimized thermosensitive resveratrol nanoemulsion hydrogel on the viability of human breast cancer cells was tested using MCF-7 cancer cell lines. The globule size of the selected formulation was 111.54 ± 4.16 nm, with a zeta potential of 40.96 ± 3.1 mV. Within 6 h, the in vitro release profile demonstrated a release rate of 80%. According to cell line studies, the produced hydrogel of resveratrol nanoemulsion was cytotoxic to breast cancer cells. Overall, the results proved the developed nanoemulsion-loaded thermosensitive hydrogel is a promising platform for the effective delivery of resveratrol for the management of breast cancer.
The racemization of triorganotin halides: a third order process as shown by the coalescence of diastereotopic groups at 60, 100 and 270 MHz (1975)

info:eu-repo/semantics/published
Parametric Analysis of Damage Detection Using Piezoelectric Transducer and Lamb Wave Approach (2007)

Structural damage detection using piezoelectric transducers and the Lamb wave approach has been under intensive investigations. A commonly-pursued topic is the selection of system parameters such that the detection performance can be maximized. Previous studies have indicated that the excitation center frequency plays a critical role and suggested use the “sweet spot” frequency. This paper provides a comprehensive parametric analysis on Lamb wave propagation excited and sensed by piezoelectric transducers, where the “sweet spot” phenomenon is systematically explored by using correlated analytical, numerical, and experimental analyses. The analyses results can be used as guidelines for damage detection research.
ChemInform Abstract: REVERSIBLE EQUILIBRIUM IN TERTIARY PHOSPHINE‐FLUOROHALOMETHANE REACTIONS (1976)

Abstract Austauschreaktionen zwischen Phosphoniumsalzen und tertiären Phcvsphinen werden diskutiert.
Stem cells as therapeutic vehicles for the treatment of high-grade gliomas (2011)

Stem cells have generated great interest in the past decade as potential tools for cell-based treatment of human high-grade gliomas. Thus far, 3 types of stem cells have been tested as vehicles for various therapeutic agents: embryonic, neural, and mesenchymal. The types of therapeutic approaches and/or agents examined in the context of stem cell-based delivery include cytokines, enzyme/prodrug suicide combinations, viral particles, matrix metalloproteinases, and antibodies. Each strategy has specific advantages and disadvantages. Irrespective of the source and/or type of stem cell, there are several areas of concern for their translation to the clinical setting, such as migration in the adult human brain, potential teratogenesis, immune rejection, and regulatory and ethical issues. Nonetheless, a clinical trial is under way using neural stem cell-based delivery of an enzyme/prodrug suicide combination for recurrent high-grade glioma. A proposed future direction could encompass the use of stem cells as vehicles for delivery of agents targeting glioma stem cells, which have been implicated in the resistance of high-grade glioma to treatment. Overall, stem cells are providing an unprecedented opportunity for cell-based approaches in the treatment of high-grade gliomas, which have a persistently dismal prognosis and mandate a continued search for therapeutic options.
THEORETICAL ANALYSIS OF T-DIE EXTRUSION (1985)

The melt behavior of T-die extrusion between the die exit and the chill roll was predicted by using theoretical equations and numerical analysis under various process conditions.As a result of the theoretical analysis, the take-up stress increased in a linear manner with viscosity, and the activation energy affected the velocity profile and take-up stress. The resins, of which the viscosity decreases with increasing elongational rate were deformed near the roll.By use of dimensionless analysis, we found a scale-up rule that may set conditions which make the stress constant.
Nuclear Factor of Activated T Cells Is Associated with a Mast Cell Interleukin 4 Transcription Complex (1996)

Interleukin 4 (IL-4), an immunoregulatory cytokine, is produced only by a subset of activated T cells and cells of the mast cell-basophil lineage. The production of IL-4 by mast cells likely represents a significant source of this protein in local immune-inflammatory responses in the skin, brain, gastrointestinal, and respiratory tracts, in which mast cells are prevalent. In the present study, the cis- and trans-acting elements that control inducible mast cell IL-4 gene transcription were examined and compared with those that function in T cells. We demonstrate that, as in T cells, sequences between bp -87 and -70 are critical for protein association and activation-dependent gene transcription and that this region (termed the activation-responsive element region) is the target of an inducible, cyclosporin A-sensitive, DNA-protein interaction. When assessed by electrophoretic mobility shift assays and UV cross-linking analyses, multiple proteins in both T- and mast cell nuclear extracts associate with the activation-responsive element in vitro, and some of these appear identical. However, distinct proteins are associated with each of the complexes as well. AP-1 family members are unique to the T-cell-stimulation-dependent complex, whereas mast cell complexes contain factors that are reactive with anti-nuclear factor of activated T cells p (NF-ATp) and anti-NF-ATc antibodies but have distinct molecular masses compared with those of T-cell-derived NF-AT. Furthermore, an anti-NF-ATp-reactive factor with a molecular mass of approximately 41 kDa is present in the nuclei of unstimulated cells and binds independently of cell activation, unlike the previously described NF-AT family members. These data support the idea that there are uniquely regulated, cell lineage-specific transcription factors related to T-cell-derived NF-AT that mediate inducible IL-4 transcription in mast cells. These differences likely reflect the distinct cell surface signaling requirements for IL-4 production in T and mast cells.
The Application of Highly Doped Single-Layer Graphene as the Top Electrodes of Semitransparent Organic Solar Cells (2011)

A single-layer graphene film with high conductance and transparency was realized by effective chemical doping. The conductance of single-layer graphene was increased for more than 400% when it was doped with Au nanoparticles and poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene): poly(styrene sulfonic acid). Then semitransparent organic solar cells based on poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) and phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) were fabricated with single-layer graphene and indium tin oxide (ITO) as the top and bottom electrodes, respectively. The performance of the devices was optimized by tuning the active layer thickness and doping the single-layer graphene electrodes. The maximum efficiency of 2.7% was observed in the devices with the area of 20 mm(2) illuminated from graphene electrode under the AM1.5 solar simulator. It is notable that all of the devices showed higher efficiency from the graphene than ITO side, which was attributed to the better transmittance of the graphene electrodes. In addition, the influence of the active area of the organic solar cell on its photovoltaic performance was studied. We found that, when the active areas increased from 6 to 50 mm(2), the power conversion efficiencies decreased from 3% to 2.3% because of the increased series resistances and the decreased edge effect of the devices.
ETBreceptor polymorphism is associated with airway obstruction (2007)

the EDNRB-30G>A polymorphism could be a determinant of airway obstruction in humans with predisposing factors such as tobacco smoke exposure or asthma.
Every 15-Min Delay in Recanalization by Intra-Arterial Therapy in Acute Ischemic Stroke Increases Risk of Poor Outcome (2015)

Longer time to recanalization was associated with poorer functional outcome post intra-arterial therapy. We recommend that a systematic approach to minimize time delay to treatment is warranted in intra-arterial therapy for acute ischemic stroke.