gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Poly(aryl ether amide)s (1993)

Abstract A general method for the preparation of poly(aryl ether amide)s has been developed where the generation of an aryl ether linkage is the polymer‐forming reaction. The amide linkage was found to be sufficiently electron‐withdrawing to activate halo‐substituents towards nucleophilic aromatic substitution analogous to conventional activating groups (i.e., sulfone, ketone, etc.). Model reactions demonstrated that the amide‐activated displacement occurred with high selectivity in near quantitative yield and was judged suitable as a polymer‐forming reaction. Appropriately fluoro‐substituted amides were prepared and subjected to displacement polymerization with bisphenoxides in a N ‐methyl‐2‐pyrrolidone (NMP)/ N ‐cyclohexyl‐2‐pyrrolidone (CHP) solvent mixture. High molecular weight polymers with glass transition temperatures in the 200–225°C range were obtained. © 1993 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Inc.
Room-temperature structures of oxocopper(II) vanadate(V) hydrates, Cu3V2O8(H2O) and CuV2O6(H2O)2 (1990)

Cu 3 V 2 O 8 (H 2 O) cristallise dans P2 1 /m avec a=7,444, b=6,658 et c=7,759 A, β=93,57 o , Z=2; affinement jusqu'a R=0,047. CuV 2 O 6 (H 2 O) 2 cristallise dans P2/c avec a=5,617, b=5,595 et c=11,333 A, β=91,04 o , Z=2; affinement jusqu'a R=0,045. Coordination plan carre ou prismatique d'ordre 5 pour Cu dans le premier compose. Formation d'entites dimeres par des polyedres CuO 5 et CuO 4 (H 2 O) partageant des aretes. Dans le second compose, la structure consiste en chaines infinies de tetraedres [VO 3/2 O] 2n connectes par des plans carres CuO 2/2 (H 2 O) 2 isoles
On the absence of post-plasma etch surface and line edge roughness in vinylpyridine resists (2011)

The authors show that poly(4-vinylpyridine) (P4VP) resist eliminates plasma-induced surface roughening for dry etch process conditions (100% Ar, 90% Ar/C4F8) that produce significant roughness in a wide variety of other polymers. In hot-embossed patterned structures, P4VP also shows no sidewall striations and line edge roughness after plasma etching, in contrast to other polymers investigated in this work. The mechanism underlying the retention of smooth surfaces for P4VP was investigated based on the observation that plasma-induced surface roughness in polystyrene (PS) has been linked to wrinkling caused by the formation of a thin, dense, ion-damaged layer. By x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and in situ ellipsometry analysis, the authors studied two possible mechanisms that would suppress wrinkling in plasma-exposed P4VP: softening of the ion-damaged layer by nitrogen addition and stiffening of the polymer underlayer by VUV modification. While the authors report that the elastic modulus of the ion-damaged layer is reduced in Ar plasma-exposed PS when nitrogen is added to the gas discharge, the ion-damaged layer of P4VP showed no significant change relative to PS. However, by examining only the VUV radiation effect of the Ar discharge on P4VP, evidence of VUV cross-linking was observed. Mechanical stiffening of the VUV cross-linked layer is likely to suppress wrinkling in P4VP when an ion-damaged layer is formed during normal plasma exposure and explain the lack of surface and line edge roughness in the vinylpyridine material.
Attachment of Vibrio alginolyticus to Glass Surfaces Is Dependent on Swimming Speed (1998)

The attachment of Vibrio alginolyticus to glass surfaces was investigated with special reference to the swimming speed due to the polar flagellum. This bacterium has two types of flagella, i.e., one polar flagellum and numerous lateral flagella. The mutant YM4, which possesses only the polar flagellum, showed much faster attachment than the mutant YM18, which does not possess flagella, indicating that the polar flagellum plays an important role. The attachment of YM4 was dependent on Na+ concentration and was specifically inhibited by amiloride, an inhibitor of polar flagellum rotation. These results are quite similar to those for swimming speed obtained under the same conditions. Observations with other mutants showed that chemotaxis is not critical and that the flagellum does not act as an appendage for attachment. From these results, it is concluded that the attachment of V. alginolyticus to glass surfaces is dependent on swimming speed.
Photolithographic feature fabrication in LTCC (2000)

The authors have developed a patterning technique for the fabrication of meso-scale (100 μm to centimeters) three-dimensional structures utilizing Low Temperature Cofired Ceramics (LTCC). A dry negative resist film (Riston®) is used to pattern partially sintered LTCC. The researchers also have analyzed the surface of tapes treated from 550°C to 900°C using x-ray photoelectric spectroscopy. In addition, they studied the different stages of the process: partial sintering of the glass-ceramic composite tape, dry resist lamination to the partially sintered tape, UV exposure of the dry resist, developing, and etching using buffered hydrofluoric acid. The authors have also demonstrated the suitability of the technique by fabricating three-dimensional structures such as an electrophoretic channel and thick-conductor coils. Stacking and fully firing the patterned partially fired tapes yields homogeneous bodies where the former layers are indistinguishable. Note that the technique is compatible with thick film technology.
Development of an In Situ Thermal Desorption Gas Chromatography Instrument for Quantifying Atmospheric Semi-Volatile Organic Compounds (2012)

Semi-volatile organic compounds (SVOCs) play a significant role in the formation of secondary organic aerosol, but their atmospheric abundance and chemical composition are poorly understood. We have developed a new system for the thermal desorption aerosol gas chromatograph (TAG) that extends its capability to quantitatively speciate SVOCs (semi-volatile TAG) having vapor pressures lower than tetradecane (C14) with hourly time resolution. The key component is a passivated stainless steel fiber filter that quantitatively collects both gas and particle phase organic compounds. A separation between gas and particle phase collection is determined through a difference method by periodically sampling ambient air through a multichannel charcoal denuder that efficiently removes gas-phase compounds. Measurements made with this new instrument will provide constraints on the abundance, chemical composition, and gas-to-particle partitioning of atmospheric SVOCs and provide opportunities to improve our understanding of secondary organic aerosol formation in the atmosphere. Copyright 2013 American Association for Aerosol Research
Biodegradable soy protein–polyester blends by reactive extrusion process (2004)

Abstract Blends of soy protein concentrate and biodegradable polyester (Eastar Bio Copolyester, EPE) were prepared by using glycerol as a compatibilizing agent. Good miscibility was obtained only when the soy protein was initially combined with glycerol under high shear and at elevated temperatures in an extruder. Under these conditions, partial denaturing of the soy protein led to specific interactions between functional groups of the protein with the glycerol. The extrusion conditions and appropriate screw configuration were the critical factors affecting the reactivity of the protein and hence, the properties of the blends. Screws with large kneading blocks that produced high shear mixing were preferred and led to thermoplastic blends characterized by high elongation and high tensile strength. The morphology of these soy protein/polyester blends was studied by using environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM) and indicated good wetting of the soy protein particles within the polyester matrix. The thermal properties were studied by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and showed a lower degree of crystallinity and a continuous depression of the melting point of the polyester as the concentration of protein was increased. The possibility of using soy protein concentrate instead of the more expensive (higher purity) soy protein isolate in the preparation of biodegradable resins should lead to new commercial opportunities based on renewable, agricultural byproducts. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 92: 3231–3239, 2004
The mercury laser system – An average power, gas-cooled, Yb:S-FAP based system with frequency conversion and wavefront correction (2006)

We report on the operation of the Mercury laser with fourteen 4 × 6 cm 2 Yb:S-FAP amplifier slabs pumped by eight 100 kW peak power diode arrays. The system was continuously run at 55 J and 10 Hz for several hours, (2 × 10 5 cumulative shots) with over 80% of the energy in a 6 times diffraction limited spot at 1.047 μm. Improved optical quality was achieved in Yb:S-FAP amplifiers with magneto-rheological finishing, a deterministic polishing method. In addition, average power frequency conversion employing YCOB was demonstrated at 50% conversion efficiency or 22.6 J at 10 Hz.
The place of antibiotics in management of irritable bowel syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis (2010)

Although antibiotics have a statistically significant effect on IBS and bloating, given the evidence for the presence of publication bias, methodological variability of the trials and lack of a precise scientific explanation for the role of bacterial overgrowth in the pathophysiology of IBS, use of antibiotics on a regular basis in IBS patients is not recommended.
Role of C‐reactive protein in urological cancers: A useful biomarker for predicting outcomes (2012)

Based on increasing evidence of the association between cancer-related inflammation and the progression of cancer, the external symptoms of systemic inflammatory response has been shown to be an indicator for the prognosis of many malignancies, including urological cancers. C-reactive protein, a representative acute-phase reactant, is a significant and sensitive inflammatory marker that can be objectively measured using reliable assays in clinical practice worldwide. C-reactive protein has been shown to be significant in the prediction of outcomes of urological cancers. The elevation of C-reactive protein levels, which indicate the presence of cancer-associated systemic inflammatory response, is linked to poorer survival in patients with urological cancers, including renal cell carcinoma, upper urinary tract and bladder cancers, and prostate cancer. With this strong prognostic ability, C-reactive protein can be incorporated into prognostic models and will make them simpler and improve their predictive accuracy. Furthermore, the longitudinal change of C-reactive protein level, C-reactive protein kinetics, provides additional information on patient survival outcomes. As such, C-reactive protein can be used to monitor treatment efficacy and disease course using serial measurements. In testicular cancer, C-reactive protein is associated with a risk of late complications, such as cardiovascular disease, and with the development of second non-germ-cell cancer. Taken together, these findings show that C-reactive protein can act as an important biomarker for urological cancers. This review discusses the importance of C-reactive protein as a prognostic biomarker in urological cancers on the basis of the currently available evidence.
Redox Properties of CeO2 at Low Temperature: The Direct Synthesis of Imines from Alcohol and Amine (2014)

We disclosed the redox properties of CeO2 in organic reactions at low temperature of 303 K. CeO2 works as the most effective heterogeneous catalyst for imine formation from benzyl alcohol and aniline at 303 K among various metal oxides and showed more than 38-fold higher activity than other simple metal oxides. CeO2 is applicable to the reaction of various alcohols and amines and gives high yields (80-98%) and high selectivities (89->99%). Kinetic measurements, MS, and FTIR analyses demonstrated that the high activity of CeO2 is a result of reactive oxygen species at the redox sites on CeO2. This discovery can help to create a new field in metal oxide catalysis.
LIMITATIONS OF COMPILING THE GLOBAL LITERATURE ON ENHANCED HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER (2013)

The explosive growth in recent years, in the publication of both technical articles on enhanced heat and mass transfer as well as new journals in which they appear, has posed a pertinacious challenge to the task of compiling and reviewing the relevant literature. Manual searches by culling contents of journals, archival proceedings, and reports require an exorbitant amount of time and are becoming near impossible. Computerized search engines, while useful and evolving in sophistication, also have limitations based on their algorithms for targeted information filtering. To highlight some of these obstacles that require wider attention, the current status of the literature growth is evaluated, along with a discussion of the associated issues in collecting and categorizing them, and future needs for a dedicated digital library.
Stimulation of inositol trisphosphate and diacylglycerol production in renal tubular cells by parathyroid hormone. (1987)

Parathyroid hormone (PTH) produced a dose-dependent immediate stimulation of inositol triphosphate and diacylglycerol production in the opossum kidney cell line, primary culture proximal tubular cells, and basolateral membranes from canine proximal tubular segments. The increase in inositol triphosphate production was accompanied by a minor increase in inositol phosphate and no significant increase in inositol bisphosphate production. Associated with the changes in inositol triphosphate and diacylglycerol, there was an immediate hydrolysis of phosphatidylinositol 4'5-bisphosphate. The effect on phospholipid hydrolysis was followed by stimulation of phosphorylation of phosphatidylinositol 4' monophosphate and phosphatidylinositol. PTH produced a sudden increase in cytoplasmic Ca2+ in opossum kidney cells that persisted for approximately 1 min. Inositol triphosphate transiently increased cytoplasmic Ca2+ in saponin-treated opossum kidney and primary culture proximal tubule cells. The effects of PTH were not mimicked by cyclic nucleotides. In fact, cyclic AMP appeared to diminish inositol triphosphate production. These results demonstrate that PTH may activate renal tubular epithelial cells by the production of inositol triphosphate and diacylglycerol.
BETA BEAMS FOR PRECISION MEASUREMENTS OF NEUTRINO OSCILLATION PARAMETERS (2012)

Neutrino oscillations have implications for the Standard Model of particle physics. The CERN Beta Beam has outstanding capabilities to contribute to precision measurements of the parameters governing neutrino oscillations. The FP7 collaboration EUROnu (2008-2012) is a design study that will review three facilities (Super-Beams, Beta Beams and Neutrino Factories) and perform a cost assessment that, coupled with the physics performance, will give means to the European research authorities to make decisions on future European neutrino oscillation facilities. "Beta Beams" produce collimated pure electron (anti)neutrinos by accelerating beta active ions to high energies and having them decay in a storage ring. Using existing machines and infrastructure is an advantage for the cost evaluation; however, this choice is also constraining the Beta Beams. Recent work to make the Beta Beam facility a solid option will be described: production of Beta Beam isotopes, the 60 GHz pulsed ECR source development, integration into the LHC-upgrades, insure the high intensity ion beam stability, and optimizations to get high neutrino fluxes. The costing approach will also be described.
On Hard Exploration for Reinforcement Learning: a Case Study in\n Pommerman (2019)

How to best explore in domains with sparse, delayed, and deceptive rewards is\nan important open problem for reinforcement learning (RL). This paper considers\none such domain, the recently-proposed multi-agent benchmark of Pommerman. This\ndomain is very challenging for RL --- past work has shown that model-free RL\nalgorithms fail to achieve significant learning without artificially reducing\nthe environment's complexity. In this paper, we illuminate reasons behind this\nfailure by providing a thorough analysis on the hardness of random exploration\nin Pommerman. While model-free random exploration is typically futile, we\ndevelop a model-based automatic reasoning module that can be used for safer\nexploration by pruning actions that will surely lead the agent to death. We\nempirically demonstrate that this module can significantly improve learning.\n
Performance characteristics of single-stage AC-DC full-bridge converter (2015)

A single-stage ac-dc converter consisting of full-bridge converter is proposed for battery charger applications. Desired feature for the battery charger such as a low cost, small volume, high efficiency and high reliability are achieved by means of the proposed solution. The proposed approach is superior to conventional two-stage ac-dc converter widely used for EV charger applications. The two-stage ac-dc converter is apt to be costly and large. However a single-stage ac-dc converter is suitable to a low cost, small volume due to a reduced number of components. In this paper, a digital control single-stage ac-dc converter consisting of full-bridge converter and series connection of secondary transformer is presented in order to achieve downsizing, high efficiency, high power factor and high reliability for a battery charger. The feasibility and practical value of the proposed approach are verified by the experimental results from a 0.8 / 1.6kW product prototype.
Advances in Materials for Soft Stretchable Conductors and Their Behavior under Mechanical Deformation (2020)

Soft stretchable sensors rely on polymers that not only withstand large deformations while retaining functionality but also allow for ease of application to couple with the body to capture subtle physiological signals. They have been applied towards motion detection and healthcare monitoring and can be integrated into multifunctional sensing platforms for enhanced human machine interface. Most advances in sensor development, however, have been aimed towards active materials where nearly all approaches rely on a silicone-based substrate for mechanical stability and stretchability. While silicone use has been advantageous in academic settings, conventional silicones cannot offer self-healing capability and can suffer from manufacturing limitations. This review aims to cover recent advances made in polymer materials for soft stretchable conductors. New developments in substrate materials that are compliant and stretchable but also contain self-healing properties and self-adhesive capabilities are desirable for the mechanical improvement of stretchable electronics. We focus on materials for stretchable conductors and explore how mechanical deformation impacts their performance, summarizing active and substrate materials, sensor performance criteria, and applications.
Discrete time invariant linear minimax filtering (2011)

The problem of filtering a signal from a discrete time invariant linear system with white Gaussian observation and unknown driving noise bounded at each time step is considered. Our goal is to find a linear filter for some linear functional of the state that minimizes over all such filters the maximum over all bounded driving noises the error variance.
Urocortin II: A member of the corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) neuropeptide family that is selectively bound by type 2 CRF receptors (2001)

Here we describe the cloning and initial characterization of a previously unidentified CRF-related neuropeptide, urocortin II (Ucn II). Searches of the public human genome database identified a region with significant sequence homology to the CRF neuropeptide family. By using homologous primers deduced from the human sequence, a mouse cDNA was isolated from whole brain poly(A)(+) RNA that encodes a predicted 38-aa peptide, structurally related to the other known mammalian family members, CRF and Ucn. Ucn II binds selectively to the type 2 CRF receptor (CRF-R2), with no appreciable activity on CRF-R1. Transcripts encoding Ucn II are expressed in discrete regions of the rodent central nervous system, including stress-related cell groups in the hypothalamus (paraventricular and arcuate nuclei) and brainstem (locus coeruleus). Central administration of 1-10 microg of peptide elicits activational responses (Fos induction) preferentially within a core circuitry subserving autonomic and neuroendocrine regulation, but whose overall pattern does not broadly mimic the CRF-R2 distribution. Behaviorally, central Ucn II attenuates nighttime feeding, with a time course distinct from that seen in response to CRF. In contrast to CRF, however, central Ucn II failed to increase gross motor activity. These findings identify Ucn II as a new member of the CRF family of neuropeptides, which is expressed centrally and binds selectively to CRF-R2. Initial functional studies are consistent with Ucn II involvement in central autonomic and appetitive control, but not in generalized behavioral activation.
T-Cell Induced Colitis Is Associated With Enhanced Myelopoiesis, PMN Infiltration into Secondary Lymphoid Tissue and Modulation of T-Cell Activation (98.6) (2007)

Abstract The objective of this study was to determine how the adoptive transfer of naïve T-cells into lymphopenic recipients affects myelopoiesis during the development of chronic colitis. We found that adoptive transfer of CD4+CD45RBhigh T-cells (5x105 cells) into RAG-1−/− recipients induced chronic colitis that was preceded by a dramatic leukocytosis/myelopoiesis in which total circulating leukocytes increased 5–6 fold compared to unmanipulated RAG-1−/− mice with PMNs representing &amp;gt;85% of the total blood leukocytes. In addition, we found that serum levels of the granulopoietic cytokines IL-17 and G-CSF increased by 4- and 9-fold, respectively compared to the healthy CD45RBlow→RAG-1−/− controls. Corresponding to these dramatic increases in systemic PMN production in the CD45RBhigh→ RAG-1−/− mice, were large and significant increases (30–50-fold) in the presence of granulocytes (Gr-1+/Mac-1+) in the spleen, MLNs and colonic lamina propria. Co-culture of irradiated leukocytes (5 x 103 cells) obtained from the MLNs or spleen (&amp;gt;60% PMNs) of colitic mice with CD4+ T-cells (105 cells) enhanced CD/CD28-induced T-cell proliferation by 2–3 fold. We conclude that the T-cell induced myelopoiesis and infiltration of PMNs into the secondary lymphoid tissue of lymphopenic recipients may enhance T-cell activation thereby modulating the onset and/or severity of colonic inflammation (Supported DK64023).
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF A CONJUGATED NITRILE FROM A BENZYLIC KETONE VIA A CYANOTRIMETHYLSILANE ADDUCT: 3,4‐DIHYDRO‐6‐METHOXYNAPHTHALENE‐1‐CARBONITRILE (1984)

Abstract ö‐Methoxy‐1‐tetralon (I) reagiert mit Trimethylsilylcyanid (II) unter sauren Bedingungen zu einem Addukt (III), das zu (IV) umgewandelt und anschließend zu (V) dehydriert wird.