gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Aqueous Phase Behavior of Surfactants (1994)

Part I: Background: Introduction. The Role of Phase Science within Physical Science. Part II: Physical Chemistry: The Thermodynamics of Immiscibility. Phase Diagrams and the Phase Rule. The Characteristic Features of Surfactant Phase Behavior. The Kinetic and Mechanistic Aspects of Surfactant Phase Behavior. Surfactant Phase Behavior and Relative Humidity. Part III: Structural Chemistry: The Structures and Properties of Surfactant Phases. Part IV: MolecularCorrelations: Surfactant and Nonsurfactant Behavior in Amphiphilic Molecules. Hydrophilicity and Proximate Substituent Effects on Phase Behavior. Lipophilicity, Remote Substituent Effects, and HLB. The Influence of Third Components on Aqueous Surfactant Phase Behavior. Miscellaneous: The Relationship of the Physical Science of Surfactants to Their Utility. A History of Surfactant Phase Science. Appendices. Subject Index.
Palm oil : health and human nutrition (2020)

La presente revision resume informacion relacionada con la composicion nutricional y el efecto del consumo del aceite de palma en la salud. El aceite de palma, obtenido del mesocarpio de los frutos de Elaeis guineensis Jacq., contiene 41-51% de acidos grasos saturados, 49-59% de acidos grasos insaturados, 600-1.000 p.p.m. de vitamina E y en su forma cruda en la fuente natural mas rica de carotenos (500-700 p.p.m.). Aunque el aceite de palma tiene un nivel de saturacion mayor que el de otros aceites, esta informacion no es por si sola suficiente para asegurar que su consumo sea perjudicial para la salud. Investigaciones realizadas en Asia, Africa y Latinoamerica, han mostrado que el aceite de palma tiene un efecto neutro o reductor del colesterol sanguineo. Paises centroamericanos y asiaticos incluyen el aceite de palma como ingrediente basico de su dieta, estableciendose su consumo masivo como parte de las acciones encaminadas hacia la prevencion y manejo de carencias nutricionales. En dos estudios controlados realizados en Colombia, no se observaron diferencias estadisticamente significativas entre los niveles sericos de lipidos de consumidores de aceite de palma y los de aquellos sujetos que consumian aceites con o sin fracciones de dicho aceite. Colombia es cuarto productor mundial de aceite de palma y cerca del 60% de la produccion se destina a consumo domestico, por tanto, es necesario continuar con investigaciones que esclarezcan el impacto de su consumo en la nutricion y salud humana.
Resistive switching memories based on metal oxides: mechanisms, reliability and scaling (2016)

With the explosive growth of digital data in the era of the Internet of Things (IoT), fast and scalable memory technologies are being researched for data storage and data-driven computation. Among the emerging memories, resistive switching memory (RRAM) raises strong interest due to its high speed, high density as a result of its simple two-terminal structure, and low cost of fabrication. The scaling projection of RRAM, however, requires a detailed understanding of switching mechanisms and there are potential reliability concerns regarding small device sizes. This work provides an overview of the current understanding of bipolarswitching RRAM operation, reliability and scaling. After reviewing the phenomenological and microscopic descriptions of the switching processes, the stability of the low-and high-resistance states will be discussed in terms of conductance fluctuations and evolution in 1D filaments containing only a few atoms. The scaling potential of RRAM will finally be addressed by reviewing the recent breakthroughs in multilevel operation and 3D architecture, making RRAM a strong competitor among future high-density memory solutions.
Real-time tracking of parameters of lung mechanics: emphasis on algorithm tuning (1990)

We consider the problem of tracking rapid changes in the viscous and elastic properties of the respiratory system by using mouth flow and transpulmonary pressure data measured during mechanical ventilation. A recursive least-squares algorithm with adjustable compensator is used for online estimation of an R-C model of the breathing mechanics. Specific simulation experiments are presented to provide guidelines to select suitable values for the key variable, which controls the compromise between tracking ability and noise sensitivity. The results obtained confirm the critical role of the optimum tuning in relation to the noise level. Experimental results obtained from data measured on mechanically-ventilated dogs, in which respiratory distress syndrome was intravenously induced by oleic acid, demonstrate that the tuned algorithm is able to track appropriately both the viscous and elastic properties of lung mechanics. Parameter estimates are consistent with those obtained by standard and robust offline algorithms and their time course is in qualitative agreement with known physiopathological behaviour.
Regulation of the DPP1-encoded Diacylglycerol Pyrophosphate (DGPP) Phosphatase by Inositol and Growth Phase (2000)

The regulation of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae DPP1-encoded diacylglycerol pyrophosphate (DGPP) phosphatase by inositol supplementation and growth phase was examined. Addition of inositol to the growth medium resulted in a dose-dependent increase in the level of DGPP phosphatase activity in both exponential and stationary phase cells. Activity was greater in stationary phase cells when compared with exponential phase cells, and the inositol- and growth phase-dependent regulations of DGPP phosphatase were additive. Analyses of DGPP phosphatase mRNA and protein levels, and expression of beta-galactosidase activity driven by a P(DPP1)-lacZ reporter gene, indicated that a transcriptional mechanism was responsible for this regulation. Regulation of DGPP phosphatase by inositol and growth phase occurred in a manner that was opposite that of many phospholipid biosynthetic enzymes. Regulation of DGPP phosphatase expression by inositol supplementation, but not growth phase, was altered in opi1Delta, ino2Delta, and ino4Delta phospholipid synthesis regulatory mutants. CDP-diacylglycerol, a phospholipid pathway intermediate used for the synthesis of phosphatidylserine and phosphatidylinositol, inhibited DGPP phosphatase activity by a mixed mechanism that caused an increase in K(m) and a decrease in V(max). DGPP stimulated the activity of pure phosphatidylserine synthase by a mechanism that increased the affinity of the enzyme for its substrate CDP-diacylglycerol. Phospholipid composition analysis of a dpp1Delta mutant showed that DGPP phosphatase played a role in the regulation of phospholipid metabolism by inositol, as well as regulating the cellular levels of phosphatidylinositol.
Greenhouse Gas Emission Implications of Travel Demand (2009)

This chapter contains sections titled: Historical Trends in Energy Intensity, Human Factors in Automobile Travel, Economic Factors in Air Transportation, Implications for World Passenger Travel Energy Use and GHG Emissions, Summary
A cDNA clone encoding rice histidyl-tRNA synthetase (Accession Z85984) (1997)

International audience
Robust frequency burst detection algorithm for GSM/GPRS (2005)

GSM/GPRS uses a combination of FDMA and TDMA. A frequency correction burst (FCH burst) and synchronization burst are used in the acquisition phase of frequency and timing synchronization, respectively, by the mobile station (MS). A prior knowledge of timing is required for the MS to capture the FCH burst. A timing sync algorithm cannot be used to get timing information unless frequency sync is achieved. So there is it need to identify the time of occurrence of the FCH burst before timing acquisition is achieved. In this paper, we proposed a robust algorithm that exploits the properties of the FCH burst to identify its location accurately enough to perform frequency sync. The convergence property of an adaptive line enhancer (ALE) in the FCH burst is used for detection of the FCH burst and the divergence property of the ALE at FCH burst transition is used to identify the edges of the FCH burst. Some simulation results are illustrated to show the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm. The algorithm is robust enough to perform well even for large frequency mismatches between MS and base station and low SNRs. The algorithm is computationally efficient without sacrificing performance.
Pharmacokinetics, Tolerability, and Safety of Intranasal Administration of Reformulated OxyContin® Tablets Compared with Original OxyContin® Tablets in Healthy Adults (2013)

In contrast to OC, both finely and coarsely crushed ORF retained some control of oxycodone release. Reduced C(max) and increased t max for ORF resulted in lower AQ scores for ORF compared with OC. ORF was associated with greater intranasal irritation than OC. These data suggest that ORF has a lower intranasal abuse potential than OC.
"A Feminine Utopia": Mountain Climbing, Gender, and Women's Rights in Nineteenth-Century America (2021)

This article explores the creation of an ideology of female independence and freedom in American mountain climbers and mountain clubs from the 1870s through the early 1900s. It argues that the major mountain clubs of that era—the Appalachian Mountain Club, the Sierra Club, and the Mazamas—welcomed female members and consistently linked their physical and mental toughness, competence, and autonomy, implicitly or explicitly, to arguments for women's rights. This argument resonated precisely because mountaineering had already been closely linked with "manly" autonomy and independence, which in turn had long been the basis for citizenship claims. Thus, an ideology of female independence and freedom supported and promoted by American mountain clubs and their members helped lay the cultural foundations needed to make women's suffrage seem reasonable to the American public.
A practical approach to diagnosing and managing ear disease in dogs. (2009)

Entire books have been written on the subject of canine ear disease. Rather than attempt to present all the available information here, I am providing an overview of how I diagnose and manage ear disease in dogs. It is critical to appreciate that ear disease is only a clinical problem (no more specific than pruritus) and that steps must be taken to prevent otitis externa from progressing to proliferative otitis. BOX 1 summarizes step-by-step approaches to specific clinical scenarios.
Control techniques for improving response of the AVR (2015)

발전기의 전압조정장치(AVR)를 이용하여 전압을 조절하는 방식은 기존 아날로그방식과 교체중인 디지털방식을 나눌 수 있다. 일반적으로 브러쉬레스형의 여자시스템을 이용하여 전압을 조절할 경우 전부하에 대하여 전압변동을 작게 하여야 한다. AVR의 제어방법으로 PID(비례-적분-미분)제어방식이 많이 사용되고 있다. 그러나 이 제어기법은 제어대상에 대하여 제어기의 파라미터를 조절하여 과도응답을 줄이고 있다. 따라서 제어대상이 달라질 경우 다시 제어기의 파라미터를 다시 설정해야하는 문제점이 있다. 본 연구에서는 제어대상의 파라미터 변동에 대하여 제어기의 파라미터를 재설정 필요없이 iPID(intelligent PID)제어기를 이용하여 발전기 AVR시스템에 적용하여 전부하 시에도 전압변동이 작은 응답을 얻도록 설계하고 시뮬레이션과 실험을 통하여 과도응답을 개선하였다. Method for regulating voltage using a generator voltage regulating device (AVR) is divided in an existing analog system and a digital replacement. Typically, to adjust the voltage by using a brushless excitation system of the type to be reduced for a voltage change under all. The control method of the AVR as a PID (proportional-integral-differential) control method is widely used. However, the control scheme is to reduce the transient response of the control parameters of the controller to the control object. Therefore, if the control target should change, there is a problem, reset the parameters of the controller again. In this study, without having to reset the parameters of the controller for the parameter variations to be controlled iPID (intelligent PID) using a controller designed to obtain a generator AVR system voltage variation is small in response to full load is applied to and through simulations and experiments improved transient response.
Comparison of laser-based and monochromator-based thermodynamic temperature measurements (2013)

In this work, we describe comparisons between a laser-based and a monochromator-based radiance responsivity calibration of a radiation thermometer. The spectral selection of the radiation thermometer is performed using a spectrally broad photopic-response filter which was selected to minimize effects of convolution differences due to the spectral width of the laser-and the monochromator-based sources. The photopic-response filter is physically thick, which should also reduce possible interference fringes which can be problematic in the laser-based calibrations. We compare the radiance responsivities obtained using the two approaches and also compare the blackbody temperatures determined using the detector/monochromator based and the gold-point based calibration methods.
Coding Techniques for Error Correction and Rewriting in Flash Memories (2010)

Flash memories have become the main type of non-volatile memories. They&#13;\nare widely used in mobile, embedded and mass-storage devices. Flash memories store&#13;\ndata in floating-gate cells, where the amount of charge stored in cells – called cell levels&#13;\n– is used to represent data. To reduce the level of any cell, a whole cell block (about&#13;\n106 cells) must be erased together and then reprogrammed. This operation, called&#13;\nblock erasure, is very costly and brings significant challenges to cell programming and&#13;\nrewriting of data. To address these challenges, rank modulation and rewriting codes&#13;\nhave been proposed for reliably storing and modifying data. However, for these new&#13;\nschemes, many problems still remain open.&#13;\nIn this work, we study error-correcting rank-modulation codes and rewriting&#13;\ncodes for flash memories. For the rank modulation scheme, we study a family of one-&#13;\nerror-correcting codes, and present efficient encoding and decoding algorithms. For&#13;\nrewriting, we study a family of linear write-once memory (WOM) codes, and present&#13;\nan effective algorithm for rewriting using the codes. We analyze the performance of&#13;\nour solutions for both schemes.
Humans-as-a-sensor for buildings: Intensive longitudinal indoor comfort models (2020)

Evaluating and optimising human comfort within the built environment is challenging due to the large number of physiological, psychological and environmental variables that affect occupant comfort preference. Human perception could be helpful to capture these disparate phenomena and interpreting their impact; the challenge is collecting spatially and temporally diverse subjective feedback in a scalable way. This paper presents a methodology to collect intensive longitudinal subjective feedback of comfort-based preference using micro ecological momentary assessments on a smartwatch platform. An experiment with 30 occupants over two weeks produced 4,378 field-based surveys for thermal, noise, and acoustic preference. The occupants and the spaces in which they left feedback were then clustered according to these preference tendencies. These groups were used to create different feature sets with combinations of environmental and physiological variables, for use in a multi-class classification task. These classification models were trained on a feature set that was developed from time-series attributes, environmental and near-body sensors, heart rate, and the historical preferences of both the individual and the comfort group assigned. The most accurate model had multi-class classification F1 micro scores of 64%, 80% and 86% for thermal, light, and noise preference, respectively. The discussion outlines how these models can enhance comfort preference prediction when supplementing data from installed sensors. The approach presented prompts reflection on how the building analysis community evaluates, controls, and designs indoor environments through balancing the measurement of variables with strategically asking for occupant preferences in an intensive longitudinal way.
The role of the C8 proton of ATP in the regulation of phosphoryl transfer within kinases and synthetases (2011)

Kinase and synthetase enzymes utilise C8D-ATP in preference to non-deuterated ATP. The KIE obtained at low ATP concentrations is clearly a primary KIE demonstrating strong evidence that the bond to the isotopically substituted hydrogen is being broken. The effect of the ATP concentration profile on the KIE was used to develop a model whereby the C8H of ATP plays a role in the overall regulation of phosphoryl transfer. This role of the C8H of ATP in the regulation of substrate binding appears to have been conserved in all kinase and synthetase enzymes as one of the mechanisms associated with binding of ATP. The induction of the C8H to be labile by active site residues coordinated to the ATP purine ring may play a significant role in explaining the broad range of Km associated with kinase enzymes.
What Happened before Losses of Photosynthesis in Cryptophyte Algae? (2022)

In many lineages of algae and land plants, photosynthesis was lost multiple times independently. Comparative analyses of photosynthetic and secondary nonphotosynthetic relatives have revealed the essential functions of plastids, beyond photosynthesis. However, evolutionary triggers and processes that drive the loss of photosynthesis remain unknown. Cryptophytes are microalgae with complex plastids derived from a red alga. They include several secondary nonphotosynthetic species with closely related photosynthetic taxa. In this study, we found that a cryptophyte, Cryptomonas borealis, is in a stage just prior to the loss of photosynthesis. Cryptomonas borealis was mixotrophic, possessed photosynthetic activity, and grew independent of light. The plastid genome of C. borealis had distinct features, including increases of group II introns with mobility, frequent genome rearrangements, incomplete loss of inverted repeats, and abundant small/medium/large-sized structural variants. These features provide insight into the evolutionary process leading to the loss of photosynthesis.
Measurement of Enzymatic Activity and Specificity of Human and Avian Influenza Neuraminidases from Whole Virus by Glycoarray and MALDI‐TOF Mass Spectrometry (2011)

Influenza neuraminidases hydrolyze the ketosidic linkage between N-acetylneuraminic acid and its adjacent galactose residue in sialosides. This enzyme is a tetrameric protein that plays a critical role in the release of progeny virions. Several methods have been described for the determination of neuraminidase activity, usually based on colorimetric, fluorescent, or chemiluminescent detection. However, only a few of these tests allow discrimination of the sialyl-linkage specificity (i.e., α2-3- versus α2-6-linked sialyllactosides) of the neuraminidase. Herein we report a glycoarray-based assay and a MALDI-TOF study for assessing the activity and specificity of two influenza neuraminidases on whole viruses. The human A(H3N2) and avian A(H5N2) neuraminidase activities were investigated. The results from both approaches demonstrated that α2-3 sialyllactoside was a better substrate than α2-6 sialyllactoside for both viruses and that H5N2 virus had a lower hydrolytic activity than H3N2.
Successful Treatment of Intermittent Claudication Due to Spinal Canal Stenosis Using Beraprost Sodium, a Stable Prostaglandin I2 Analogue (1997)

The syndrome of intermittent claudication can be induced not only by vascular insufficiency of the lower limbs but also by diseases of the spinal cord and cauda equina. The authors describe a sixty-year-old man with intermittent claudication due to spinal canal stenosis who was successfully treated with beraprost sodium, a stable prostaglandin I2 analogue. This drug has a long biological half-life and is orally effective in vasodilation, which is suggested to be beneficial in treating this syndrome. Beraprost sodium may become one of the major drugs for conservative therapy of intermittent claudication induced by spinal canal stenosis.
USING VIRTUAL PROTOTYPING TECHNIQUES FOR IMPLEMENTATION OF A VIRTUAL CONSTRUCTION ENVIRONMENT (VCE) (2008)

The current-state-of-the-art of Virtual Prototyping (VP) for communicating project data and information is currently limited to the development of interference checking and schedule simulation (4D) tools that rely heavily on BIM models with monolithic CAD objects. While helpful, these interference checking and macro schedule simulation tools only scratch the surface and do not approach the possibilities of generating much needed estimates and schedules expressed in the currency of the individual work tasks that contractors and subcontractors use to bid, construct, measure and track. Virtual Prototyping technologies provide features and capabilities that can be utilized to develop richer and more sophisticated tools to assist project participants to think, plan and conceive construction strategies at the micro level. At the same time, monolithic CAD objects from BIM models, produced during design phase, must be somehow transformed into a more granular and robust form amendable to representing the individual work tasks that comprise estimates and detailed schedules. This paper discusses ongoing research work at Virginia Tech for the development of a 2 nd generation Virtual Construction Environment (VCE) framework for micro project planning. The paper addresses the issue of transforming monolithic CAD objects into more granular form to correspond with work tasks. The proposed VCE framework is comprised of graphical and analytical functions for visualizing and manipulating graphical and non-graphical project information necessary to perform different work execution planning scenarios. A prototype implementation is presented to demonstrate concepts proposed.
ADMM-MCP Framework for Sparse Recovery with Global Convergence (2018)

In compressed sensing, the l0-norm minimization of sparse signal reconstruction is NP-hard. Recent work shows that compared with the best convex relaxation (l1-norm), nonconvex penalties can better approximate the l0-norm and can reconstruct the signal based on fewer observations. In this paper, the original problem is relaxed by using minimax concave penalty (MCP). Then alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM) and modified iterative hard thresholding method are used to solve the problem. Under certain reasonable assumptions, the global convergence of the proposed method is proved. The parameter setting is also discussed. Finally, through simulations and comparisons with several state-of-the-art algorithms, the effectiveness of proposed method is confirmed.
The Superconducting Radio-Frequency Linear Accelerator Components for the European Spallation Source: First Test Results (2017)

The European Spallation Source requires a pulsed Linac with an average beam power on the target of 5MW which is about five times higher than the most powerful spallation source in operation today. Over 97% of the acceleration occurs in superconducting cavities. ESS will be the first accelerator to employ double spoke cavities to accelerate beam. Accelerating gradients of 9MV/meter is required in the spoke section. The spoke section will be followed by 36 elliptical 704 MHz cavities with a geometrical beta of 0.67 and elliptical 704 MHz cavities with a geometrical beta of 0.86. Accelerating gradients of 20MV/m is required in the elliptical section. Initial gradient test results will be presented in which results exceed expected requirements.
High resolution images of Venus from ground‐based radar (1988)

Radar images of Venus with best resolution near 1.3 km have been formed using the Goldstone Deep Space Stations as a ground‐based synthetic aperture radar system. Twelve days of observations were successful during the 1986 inferior conjunction, and we have selected three observations for initial processing to demonstrate the new capability. The three images show several remarkable surface features including regions of high Fresnel reflectivity in the plains region.