gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
ALCN: Meta-Learning for Contrast Normalization Applied to Robust 3D Pose Estimation (2017)

To be robust to illumination changes when detecting objects in images, the current trend is to train a Deep Network with training images captured under many different lighting conditions. Unfortunately, creating such a training set is very cumbersome, or sometimes even impossible, for some applications such as 3D pose estimation of specific objects, which is the application we focus on in this paper. We therefore propose a novel illumination normalization method that lets us learn to detect objects and estimate their 3D pose under challenging illumination conditions from very few training samples. Our key insight is that normalization parameters should adapt to the input image. In particular, we realized this via a Convolutional Neural Network trained to predict the parameters of a generalization of the Difference-of-Gaussians method. We show that our method significantly outperforms standard normalization methods and demonstrate it on two challenging 3D detection and pose estimation problems.
Lateral Directional Axis Control of Aircraft Based on TECS (2009)

The principle of TECS (total energy control system) control-law is applied to the control of lateral directional axis of aircraft, utilizing the combination of bias control and total energy decoupling. Rolling mode and yawing mode are decoupled, and the control system with zero steady-state error is established. One type of aerotransport is simulated with aforementioned method. Simulation results show that the total energy control based on the longitudinal axis is capable for the lateral axis control. Accurate signal tracking of yaw angle and sideslip angle, as well as decoupling of rolling mode and yawing mode can be achieved.
Prediction of long‐term service performance of polymeric materials from short‐term tests: Creep and prediction of the stress shift factor of a longitudinal polymer liquid crystal (2001)

Abstract The material studied is a longitudinal polymer liquid crystal (PLC). The creep behavior of the PLC is examined in the region of nonlinear viscoelasticity. The creep compliance D curves at nine different stress σ levels, from 10 to 50 J.cm −3 at a constant temperature are determined and shifted along the log time axis for σ ref = 10 J · cm −3 to produce the D versus t/a σ master curve. A fairly general formula for stress shift factor a σ based on free volume v f and the chain relaxation capability (CRC) derived by one of the authors is applied. The formula predicts values that agree with the experimental ones within the limits of the experimental accuracy. Thus, experiments at several stress levels can serve for prediction of long‐term behavior from short‐term tests. The same value of the Doolittle constant B is obtained separately from temperature shift and stress shift experiments for the PLC.
Characteristics of COVID-19 recurrence: a systematic review and meta-analysis (2020)

Abstract Background Previous studies reported the recurrence of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) among discharge patients. This study aimed to examine the characteristic of repositive COVID-19 cases by performing a systematic review and meta-analysis. Methods A systematic search was performed in PubMed and Embase and gray literature up to August 17, 2020. A random-effects model was applied to obtain the pooled prevalence of RNA repositive among recovered patients and the prevalence of subjects underlying comorbidity among recurrence cases. The other characteristics were calculated based on the summary data of individual studies. Results A total of 37 studies were included in the final analysis, we have described the epidemiological characteristics of COVID-19 recurrence cases. Of 2,436 patients recovering from COVID-19 and being discharged, an estimate of 16% (95% CI, 12% to 20%) patients was repositive with SARS-CoV-2 during the follow-up. This proportion was 15% (95% CI, 11% to 18%) for China and 31% (95% CI, 26% to 37%) for Korea. Among recurrence cases, it was estimated 43% (95% CI, 31% to 55%) subjects underlying at least one comorbidity. The estimates for times from disease onset to admission, from admission to discharge, and from discharge to RNA positive conversion were 17.3, 16.7, and 10.5 days, respectively. Conclusions: This study summarized up-to-date evidence from case reports, case series, and observational studies for the characteristic of COVID-19 recurrence cases after discharge. It is recommended to pay attention to follow-up patients after discharge, even if they have been in quarantine.
Optimizing the combination of MBSFN and PTM transmissions in LTE systems (2011)

The 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) has introduced the evolved Multimedia Broadcast/Multicast Service (e-MBMS) feature for cellular systems as an evolution to the existing MBMS service. To support e-MBMS in Long Term Evolution (LTE) systems, 3GPP recommends the use of Point-to-Multipoint (PTM) transmissions and MBMS over a Single Frequency Network (MBSFN). MBSFN is a new feature where a time-synchronized common waveform is transmitted from multiple cells. In this paper we investigate the provision of MBMS service over a combination of MBSFN and PTM transmission methods. A cost analysis of the MBMS service is presented based on the transmission cost over all the interfaces and nodes of the LTE architecture. We evaluate the performance of this transmission scheme from telecommunication cost perspective and we compare it with other transmission schemes. The performance evaluation has been performed with the aid of a new simulation tool that estimates the cost for the MBMS provision under different network topologies, MBSFN deployments and user distributions.
Hookworm Infection (2004)

ookworm infection in humans is caused by an infection with the helminth nematode parasites Necator americanus and Ancylostoma duodenale and is transmitted through contact with contaminated soil. It is one of the most common chronic infections, with an estimated 740 million cases in areas of rural poverty in the tropics and subtropics. 1 Because hookworm infection occurs predominantly among the world's most impoverished people, 1 it holds a unique place in modern history. For example, the reputation of pre-1949 China as the "sick man of Asia" was partly a result of the high prevalence and intensity of infection with hookworm. 2 Mohandas Gandhi had hookworm infection in the last years of his life. 3 Hookworm was also a contributing factor in the slowing of economic development during the early part of the 20th century in the southern United States. 4 Today, hookworm infection is among the most important tropical diseases in humans; the use of disability-adjusted life years as a quantitative measure of the burden of disease reveals that this infection outranks African trypanosomiasis, dengue, Chagas' disease, schistosomiasis, and leprosy. he greatest number of hookworm cases occur in Asia, followed by sub-Saharan Africa. In contrast to these major anthropophilic species, three species of zoonotic hookworm are minor causes of disease in humans. A. ceylanicum infects dogs and cats and can also infect humans but is not considered an important pathogen. The dog hookworm A. caninum causes human eosinophilic enteritis in northeastern Australia, 6 and A. braziliense causes cutaneous larva migrans.
Phase I evaluation of lapatinib and everolimus in patients with advanced malignancies: Southwest Oncology Group trial S0528 (2009)

3553 Background: Anti-tumor activity of Her inhibitors including lapatinib, an oral inhibitor of Her1 and Her 2, appears to correlate with their ability to down regulate PI3/Akt pathway. Everolimus, an oral inhibitor of mTOR, a serine/threonine kinase downstream of Akt, has shown enhanced efficacy when combined with Her inhibitors in pre-clinical studies. This phase I study is being conducted to determine the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) and pharmacokinetics (PK) of the combination of lapatinib and everolimus. Methods: Pts with advanced tumors, for which there was no effective therapy, were eligible. The study consists of two parts. In Part I dose escalation to define MTD was performed with both drugs being given together. MTD was defined by dose limiting toxicities (DLT) in the first cycle (each cycle is of 4 weeks duration). In Part II, PK of both drugs are being analyzed in patients treated at MTD and randomized to either cohort A- everolimus alone for a week followed by both drugs, or cohort B- lapatinib alone for a week followed by both drugs. 12 PK eligible pts will be accrued to each cohort to detect the influence of one drug over the other drug's PK. Results: 26 pts were enrolled in Part I of the study, 23 were evaluable for DLT. Median age- 63 (29–76); males/females- 20/6. Common tumors were breast (4), lung cancer (3), adenoid cystic (3). 79 cycles (median 2, range 1–15) have been administered to date. 6 pts developed DLTs: pneumonitis, rash, diarrhea, stomatitis (2), and fatigue (2). The MTD of the combination is lapatinib 1250mg and everolimus 5mg, daily. None of the pts had a response but 11 pts (2 liver, 1 breast, 1 renal, 1 sarcoma, 2 adenoid cystic, 1 melanoma, 1 bladder, 1 NSCLC, 1 colorectal) had stable disease for 8 weeks or longer. Conclusions: The MTD of the combination is lapatinib 1250 mg and everolimus 5 mg. The dose limiting toxicities observed were diarrhea, stomatitis and fatigue. Accrual to Part II is ongoing and pharmacokinetic analysis is pending. [Table: see text] [Table: see text]
Absorbable Phenylpropenoyl Sucroses from Polygala tenuifolia (2011)

Three phenylpropenoyl sucroses--sibiricose A5, A6 and 3',6-disinapoyl sucrose--were isolated from the 30% EtOH extract of Polygala tenuifolia, which displayed antidepressant-like action. HPLC analysis indicated that the three phenylpropenoyl sucroses could be absorbed into serum. From the serum pharmacochemistry point of view, these three phenylpropenoyl sucroses might prevent or relieve depression.
A full-chip 3D computational lithography framework (2012)

3D lithography simulations capable of modeling 3D effects in all lithographic processes are becoming critical in OPC and verification applications as semiconductor feature sizes continue to shrink. These effects include mask topography, resist profile and wafer topography. In this work we present an efficient computational framework for full-chip 3D lithography simulations. Since fast modeling of mask topography effects has been studied for many years and is a relatively mature area, we will only briefly review a full-chip 3D mask model, Tachyon M3D, to highlight the importance and modeling requirements for accurate prediction of best focus variations among different device features induced by mask topography. We will focus our discussions on a full-chip 3D resist model, Tachyon R3D, its derivation and simplification from a full physical resist model. The resulting model form is fully compatible with the existing 2D resist model with added capabilities for resist profile and top loss prediction. A benchmark against the full physical model will be presented as well. We will also describe the development of a full-chip 3D wafer topography model, Tachyon W3D, and the preliminary results against rigorous simulations.
Algorithm of integrating QFD and TRIZ for the innovative design process (2005)

'Masstige' is term emerged in the early years of the present century as an answer to the question - how the organisations are planning to penetrate in the emerging economies? 'Mass prestige' is commonly known as 'masstige'. Masstige marketing, evolved as a strategic activity, which focuses on effective market penetration and creating a competitive edge over competitors. The article measures masstige score of Apple, Xiaomi and Samsung using masstige mean index (MMI) developed by Paul (2018). Using a survey questionnaire, data was collected from 613 respondents from four major cities of central India. The data was collected from smartphone users owning Apple, Xiaomi, and Samsung brands. The results indicated that Apple, a US brand, had highest masstige score, in comparison to Xiaomi and Samsung. The results also indicated that gender, income, and age had a significant difference in opinion for brand masstige, brand perception, and propensity to pay premium prices for smartphone brands. The findings offer smartphone manufacturers with useful strategies and tactics to increase sales of smartphones in India depending upon mass prestige perceived by consumers. This study provides much needed empirical evidences about masstige which can be useful for developing marketing strategies in emerging economies.
Review of studies on modulating enzyme activity by low intensity electromagnetic radiation (2010)

This paper is a compilation of our findings on non-thermal effects of electromagnetic radiation (EMR) at the molecular level. The outcomes of our studies revealed that that enzymes' activity can be modulated by external electromagnetic fields (EMFs) of selected frequencies. Here, we discuss the possibility of modulating protein activity using visible and infrared light based on the concepts of protein activation outlined in the resonant recognition model (RRM), and by low intensity microwaves. The theoretical basis behind the RRM model expounds a potential interaction mechanism between electromagnetic radiation and proteins as well as protein-protein interactions. Possibility of modulating protein activity by external EMR is experimentally validated by irradiation of the L-lactate Dehydrogenase enzyme.
The Elephant and the Blind Men: Making Sense of PARP Inhibitors in Homologous Recombination Deficient Tumor Cells (2013)

Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP1) is an important component of the base excision repair (BER) pathway as well as a regulator of homologous recombination (HR) and non-homologous end-joining (NHEJ). Previous studies have demonstrated that treatment of HR-deficient cells with PARP inhibitors results in stalled and collapsed replication forks. Consequently, HR-deficient cells are extremely sensitive to PARP inhibitors. Several explanations have been advanced to explain this so-called synthetic lethality between HR deficiency and PARP inhibition: (i) reduction of BER activity leading to enhanced DNA double-strand breaks, which accumulate in the absence of HR; (ii) trapping of inhibited PARP1 at sites of DNA damage, which prevents access of other repair proteins; (iii) failure to initiate HR by poly(ADP-ribose) polymer-dependent BRCA1 recruitment; and (iv) activation of the NHEJ pathway, which selectively induces error-prone repair in HR-deficient cells. Here we review evidence regarding these various explanations for the ability of PARP inhibitors to selectively kill HR-deficient cancer cells and discuss their potential implications.
P0413 TIME RESOLVED FLUOROIMMUNOASSAY FOR THE DETERMINATION OF IGA TO HUMAN TISSUE TRANSGLUTAMINASE (2004)

Introduction: Determination of autoantibodies to tissue transglutaminase in human serum is an aid in the diagnosis of celiac disease. We have developed a fluoroimmunoassay for anti-transglutaminase autoantibodies for the AutoDELFIA immunoassay system. Methods: In the assay 100 μl of human serum diluted 1:100 was incubated for 1 hour in wells of microtitration plates coated with recombinant human tissue transglutaminase. After washing, the antibodies sequestered onto the coated antigen were incubated with Eu labelled anti-human IgA antibodies for 30 min. Free and bound Eu-antibody was separated by washing and the bound Eu was measured, after addition of DELFIA® enhancement solution, in which Eu forms highly fluorescent complexes. Results: The assay compared well to a commercial ELISA assay in the same format. The clinical sensitivity and specificity were about 90 % and 95 %, with both methods, in a preliminary study comprising samples from 75 individuals with clinically diagnosed celiac disease and 85 apparently healthy individuals. The excellent sensitivity and specificity is due to the human recombinant antigen. Within run precision was 3%, between run 7.5% and the total coefficient of variation 8 %. A manual format of the assay showed similar performance characteristics. Conclusion: The assay format is suitable for automation and demonstrates good clinical and analytical performance. Studies are in progress to further substantiate its clinical value.
Characterizing molecular subtypes of high-risk nonmuscle-invasive bladder cancer in African American patients. (2022)

527 Background: Patients with high-risk non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) have heterogeneous outcomes with African Americans (AAs) having worse survival than European Americans (EAs). It is unknown whether race-based biological differences contribute to this disparity. Methods: We performed a retrospective cohort study including patients from the University of Texas Medical Branch (UTMB) and the Durham VA Health Care System (DVAHCS) from 2010-2020 among treatment naïve, high-risk NMIBC. Profiled gene expressions of high-risk NMIBC by race were performed using the UROMOL classification system. Results: A total of 26 patients (14 AAs and 12 EAs) matched on age and sex were included with no significant difference in clinical stage group (CIS +/- T1 or TaHG vs. TaHG or T1, no CIS), smoking status, or progression. We found a similar racial UROMOL subtype distribution with class 2a being most common. A total of 10 genes were discovered to be commonly upregulated differentially expressed genes (up-DEGs) in AAs vs EAs. EFEMP1, which has been associated with progression to muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) in vitro, and S100A16 gene expression, which has been implicated with mitomycin C resistance in bladder cancer in vitro, was significantly more common among AAs. We used single nuclei analysis to map the malignant cell heterogeneity in urothelial cancer which five distinct malignant epithelial subtypes whose presence has been associated with different therapeutic response prediction ability. We mapped the expression of the 10 genes commonly up-DEGs by race as a function of the five malignant subtypes. This showed borderline (p = 0.056) differences among the subtypes suggesting AA and EA patients may be expected to have different therapeutic responses to treatments for BC. AAs were enriched with immune-related, inflammatory, and cellular regulation pathways compared to EAs, yet appeared to have reduced levels of the aggressive C3 bladder tumor cell population. Conclusions: In this small sample, we found similar subtype distribution among high-risk NMIBC patients according to race. However, gene expression differs by race, supporting potential novel race-based etiologies for differences in muscle-invasion, response to treatments, and transcriptome pathway regulations. Further biological studies in NMIBC molecular sub-stratification, associated treatment(s), and prognoses in a larger cohort are needed to support these hypotheses.
Association of Genetically Enhanced Lipoprotein Lipase–Mediated Lipolysis and Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol–Lowering Alleles With Risk of Coronary Disease and Type 2 Diabetes (2018)

Triglyceride-lowering alleles in the LPL pathway are associated with lower risk of coronary disease and type 2 diabetes independently of LDL-C-lowering genetic mechanisms. These findings provide human genetics evidence to support the development of agents that enhance LPL-mediated lipolysis for further clinical benefit in addition to LDL-C-lowering therapy.
Improving Multi-Task Deep Neural Networks via Knowledge Distillation for Natural Language Understanding (2019)

This paper explores the use of knowledge distillation to improve a Multi-Task Deep Neural Network (MT-DNN) (Liu et al., 2019) for learning text representations across multiple natural language understanding tasks. Although ensemble learning can improve model performance, serving an ensemble of large DNNs such as MT-DNN can be prohibitively expensive. Here we apply the knowledge distillation method (Hinton et al., 2015) in the multi-task learning setting. For each task, we train an ensemble of different MT-DNNs (teacher) that outperforms any single model, and then train a single MT-DNN (student) via multi-task learning to \emph{distill} knowledge from these ensemble teachers. We show that the distilled MT-DNN significantly outperforms the original MT-DNN on 7 out of 9 GLUE tasks, pushing the GLUE benchmark (single model) to 83.7\% (1.5\% absolute improvement\footnote{ Based on the GLUE leaderboard at https://gluebenchmark.com/leaderboard as of April 1, 2019.}). The code and pre-trained models will be made publicly available at https://github.com/namisan/mt-dnn.
Identification of soluble transforming growth factor‐β receptor III (sTβIII) in rat milk (2001)

Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) is present at high concentrations in maternal milk. In milk TGF-beta2 is the predominant isoform. For function TGF-beta2 requires TbetaRIII to facilitate efficient binding to the TGF-beta receptor types I and II signalling complex. We have shown that TGF-beta receptor types I (TbetaRI), II (TbetaRII) and III (TbetaRIII) are coexpressed in the suckling rat intestine. Immunostaining for TbetaRIII was also observed in the intestinal lumen prior to weaning. TbetaRIII (or betaglycan) has been reported in serum, cell culture medium and extracellular matrix. To determine whether a soluble form of TbetaRIII is present in milk, the rat milk aqueous phase was analysed by slot-blot and Western blot. Soluble TbetaRIII was detected in milk throughout lactation. Western blot analysis of rat milk revealed a high molecular weight band of glycosylated protein of >200 kDa, with a core protein of approximately 110-120 kDa that comigrated with recombinant TbetaRIII. Immunoabsorption of soluble TbetaRIII (sTbetaRIII) from milk resulted in partial depletion of active TGF-beta from milk, suggesting that the receptor may interact with ligand in milk. In addition rat pups suckled on mother's milk demonstrated an enhanced labelling of TbetaRIII in the gut, as compared with pups fed on a rat milk substitute (RMS). These findings suggest that milk sTbetaRIII is functional, and may modulate milk-derived TGF-beta function in the developing intestine.
Evaluation of electron capture gas chromatographic method for determination of methyl mercury in freezer-case seafoods. (1984)

A method was recently adopted by AOAC for determination of methyl-bound mercury in canned and fresh-frozen seafood by electron capture gas chromatography. That method was applied to the analysis of commercially prepared freezer-case seafoods. None of the commercially added ingredients produced electron capture responses that interfered in the analysis for methyl mercury. Recoveries of 95.7-114% were obtained in fortification studies of methyl mercury at 0.2 and 1.0 ppm levels. The applicability of aqueous methyl mercuric chloride solution for fortification studies was demonstrated.