gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Depsidone synthesis. Part 14. The total synthesis of psoromic acid: isopropyl ethers as useful phenolic protective groups (1979)

The total synthesis of 4-formyl-3-hydroxy-8-methoxy-1,9-dimethyl-11-oxo-11H-dibenzo[b,e][1,4]dioxepin-6-carboxylic acid (psoromic acid)(28), a lichen depsidone, by selective functionalization of synthetic methyl 3,8-dimethozy-1,4,9-trimethyl-11-oxo-11H-dibbnzo[b,e][1,4]dioxepin-6-carboxylate (methyl O-methylhypopsoromate)(23) and subsequent steps, is described. Åttention is drawn to the use of isopropyl ethers as phenol protective groups.
Fungicide spray coverage and deposition in soybean asian rust management (2019)

At maximum vegetative growth, sprays with fungicide to control Asian rust (Phakopsora pachyrhizi Sydow and P. Sydow) should reach high canopy penetration and plant coverage. Therefore, the central objective of this study was to determine leaf area, spray deposition, and plant coverage by fungicides sprayed on soybeans as a function of sowing seasons and plant population densities with reduced doses of tebuconazole and azoxystrobin + cyproconazole. Field experiments were conducted in the 2009/2010 and 2010/2011 crop years, using a medium-cycle soybean cultivar MG/BR–46 (Conquista) under a natural infestation of Asian soybean rust. Leaf area (LA) and leaf area index (LAI) were measured at three developmental stages (V8, R2, and R4). Spray deposition and coverage were evaluated during the first fungicide spraying. As results, LAI decreased as plant population decreased. Despite the lower LAIs, smaller plant populations had no effect on spray deposition and plant coverage. Both fungicides presented similar depositions on all thirds when plants had lower development.
A Computationally Efficient Framework for Modeling Soft Body Impact (2001)

While there has been significant progress in simulating collisions between rigid bodies, much remains to be done for modeling interactions between soft bodies. Graphical techniques for representing and deforming soft bodies range from non-physical (e.g., control point-based) to physically plausible (e.g., FFD) to physically realistic (e.g., FEM). All of these techniques require three operations to model interactions between soft bodies: 1) detecting collisions between deforming bodies, 2) computing impact forces when bodies collide, and 3) determining deformation forces or contact deformation of the bodies to initialize a deformation technique. In this report, we propose a new framework which performs all three operations quickly, with efficient use of memory, and more accurately than previous methods. The results of these operations can be used in any of the deformation techniques mentioned above.
Discovery of Potent Inhibitors of Schistosoma mansoni NAD+ Catabolizing Enzyme (2015)

The blood fluke Schistosoma mansoni is the causative agent of the intestinal form of schistosomiasis (or bilharzia). Emergence of Schistosoma mansoni with reduced sensitivity to praziquantel, the drug currently used to treat this neglected disease, has underlined the need for development of new strategies to control schistosomiasis. Our ability to screen drug libraries for antischistosomal compounds has been hampered by the lack of validated S. mansoni targets. In the present work, we describe a virtual screening approach to identify inhibitors of S. mansoni NAD(+) catabolizing enzyme (SmNACE), a receptor enzyme suspected to be involved in immune evasion by the parasite at the adult stage. Docking of commercial libraries into a homology model of the enzyme has led to the discovery of two in vitro micromolar inhibitors. Further structure-activity relationship studies have allowed a 3-log gain in potency, accompanied by a largely enhanced selectivity for the parasitic enzyme over the human homologue CD38.
Safe service customization (2002)

We present a new technique for Safe Service Customization, which flexibly supports subscribers in their desire to change the Service logic in a controlled fashion, while guaranteeing that the modified services can immediately be activated, without previous intervention of specialists like service designers or testers. This flexibilization and simplification of the service customization process reduces the costs for tailored intelligent network services and therefore provides a key to a service-on-demand market.
Acoustic variability and perceptual learning (2007)

Jim Flege’s research on category formation has introduced or emphasized several key concepts, including equivalence classification and the distinction between new and similar phones. The research described in this chapter addresses these concepts by investigating the role of acoustic variability in the formation of new categories as well as the extent to which this variability may hinder or help native and non-native listeners. A production study comparing Spanish-accented and native English vowels reveals a much greater degree of variability in nonnatives’ use of the English vowel space. Results from a subsequent training study where vowel variability was systematically manipulated, suggests that for the most easily maintained distinctions, learning benefited from the high-variability training paradigm. In contrast, for very difficult distinctions, advantages were found for training only with minimal variability (prototypes). Finally, results are presented from a lexical decision task in which English and Dutch listeners responded to native and Dutch-accented English. While Americans prefer native English speech, the Dutch prefer the Dutch-accented stimuli. In addition, Dutch listeners are less efficient in processing words containing sounds that do not occur in Dutch even when listening to a native English speaker
Spectroscopic properties of conducting TCNQ Langmuir-Blodgett films obtained via a homodoping process (1993)

We report the preparation and the spectroscopic properties of Langmuir-Blodgett films obtained by mixing in the same monolayer a polar amphiphilic octadecyl tetracyanoquinodi-methane (C18TCNQ) and an ionic semi-amphiphilic (C18S)2dithiolium-TCNQ compound. A cluster approach is used for the interpretation of the electronic charge transfer band and of the vibronic features in infrared as a result of electron-molecular vibration (EMV) linear coupling. Different assumptions used previously for an estimate of EMV coupling constants from infrared spectra are analyzed and a new formula relating positions of vibronic bands in absorption and EMV coupling constants is proposed. Experimental and theoretical absorption curves are compared and discussed. It allows us to conclude in favor of the presence of mixed-valence dimers which are at the origin of the conduction process.
Gene expression micro-arrays: a new tool for genomic research. (1998)

Gene Expression Micro-arrays, GEMs, measure the expression levels of thousands of genes simultaneously. GEMs utilize microscopic cDNA elements on a glass surface, low-volume hybridizations of total cDNA, and two-color fluorescence detection. This seminar will present data from GEMs containing thousands of human genes and discuss the use of this technology in genomic research.
3-D MOEMS Mirror for Laser Beam Pointing and Focus Control (2004)

A biaxial torsion scan mirror with a deformable membrane surface is described. The 700-mm-diameter optical surface can be tilted /spl plusmn/4/spl deg/ about two orthogonal axes and can be deformed to a parabola with greater than 3-mm sag at the membrane center. The surface, therefore, acts as a lens with variable focal length ranging from /spl infin/ to 10 mm. Mirror architecture and applications in three-dimensional beam pointing and scanning are discussed.
Highly flexible near-infrared metamaterials (2011)

Plasmonic or metamaterial nanostructures are usually fabricated on rigid substrate i.e. glass, silicon. Optical functionality of such kinds of nanostructures is limited by the planar surface and thus sensitive to the incident angle of light. In this work, we demonstrated that a tri-layer flexible metamaterials working at near infrared (NIR) regime can be fabricated on transparent PET substrate using flip chip transfer (FCT) technique. FCT technique is solution-free and can also be applied to fabricate other functional nanostructures device on flexible substrate. We demonstrated NIR metamaterial device can be transformed into various shapes by bending the PET substrate.
Unsteady behavior of spiral leading-edge vortex breakdown (1996)

Unsteady characteristics of the leading-edge vortex breakdown on a 65-deg delta wing are investigated. Emphasis is placed on the longitudinal motion of the breakdown region and its spiral structure under static as well as dynamic conditions as they have an important impact on vehicle flight mechanics and may cause aeroelastic problems. The onset of the breakdown region is found to be highly unsteady, with axial fluctuations of up to 20 percent centerline chord. Under dynamic conditions important delays in the breakdown region are observed. (Author)
Photophysical characterization of poly(p-pyridine) (1997)

In this paper we report measurements of the photophysical behavior of poly(p-pyridine) (PPY), including thin film absolute photoluminescence quantum yield, photoluminescence properties of solid, solution and solid-solution states, electroluminescence and nanosecond time-resolved luminescence. The influence of vacuum and air on the quantum yield of the PPY is also reported. We find a significant decay of the efficiency under vacuum whereas it is very stable in air. The role of aggregate versus excimer will be discussed and also it will be demonstrated that with appropriate fabrication conditions, good single layer PPY light emitting diodes can be fabricated.
Endovascular reconstruction for primary iliac vein obstruction (2017)

The important relationship between iliac vein compression lesions and the preponderance of left iliofemoral thrombosis was recognized early. Virchow attributed the marked left-sided predilection for deep vein thrombosis to stasis caused by compression of the left iliac vein by the right iliac artery against the fifth lumbar vertebral body. Stenting of the primary iliac vein obstruction can be performed with low morbidity, no mortality, long-term high patency rates, and a low rate of in-stent restenosis. Stenting of a primary iliac vein obstruction is a minimally invasive outpatient procedure and appears to result in marked clinical improvement whether or not an adjunct procedure in order to control superficial reflux is performed. Non-thrombotic iliac vein lesions (NIVL) have a high prevalence in the asymptomatic general population. The central NIVL lesion was three-times more frequently observed on the left side, while the peripheral NIVL lesion was equally distributed bilaterally.
Effect of covalent photoconjugation of affibodies to epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) on cellular quiescence (2021)

Cellular quiescence is a reversible state of cell cycle arrest whereby cells are temporarily maintained in the nondividing phase. Inducing quiescence in cancer cells by targeting growth receptors is a treatment strategy to slow cell growth in certain aggressive tumors, which in turn increases the efficacy of treatments such as surgery or systemic chemotherapy. However, ligand interactions with cell receptors induce receptor-mediated endocytosis followed by proteolytic degradation, which limits the duration of cellular quiescence. Here, we report the effects of targeted covalent affibody photoconjugation to epidermal growth factor receptors (EGFR) on EGFR-positive MDA-MB-468 breast cancer cells. First, covalently conjugating affibodies to cells increased doubling time two-fold and reduced ERK activity by 30% as compared to cells treated with an FDA-approved anti-EGFR antibody Cetuximab, which binds to EGFR noncovalently. The distribution of cells in each phase of the cell cycle was determined, and cells conjugated with the affibody demonstrated an accumulation in the G1 phase, indicative of G1 cell cycle arrest. Finally, the proliferative capacity of the cells was determined by the incorporation of 5-ethynyl-2-deoxyuridine and Ki67 Elisa assay, which showed that the percentage of proliferative cells with photoconjugated affibody was half of that found for the untreated control.
Multidrug-Resistant Phenotype Cosegregates with an Amplified Gene in Somatic Cell Hybrids of Drug-Resistant Chinese Hamster Ovary Cells and Drug-Sensitive Murine Cells (1986)

Gene amplification has been associated with multidrug resistance (MDR) in several drug-resistant Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell lines which exhibit cross-resistance to other unrelated, cytotoxic drugs. In situ hybridization studies (Teeter et al., J. Cell Biol., in press) suggested the presence of an amplified gene associated with the MDR phenotype on the long arm of either of the largest CHO chromosomes (1 or Z1) in vincristine-resistant cells. In this study, somatic cell hybrids were constructed between these vincristine-resistant CHO cells and drug-sensitive murine cells to determine the functional relationship between the chromosome bearing the amplified sequences and the MDR phenotype. Hybrids exhibited primary drug resistance and MDR in an incomplete dominant fashion. Hybrid clones and subclones segregated CHO chromosomes. Concordant segregation between vincristine resistance, the MDR phenotype, the presence of the MDR-associated amplified sequences, overexpression of the gene located in those sequences, and CHO chromosome Z1 was consistent with the hypothesis that there is an amplified gene on chromosome Z1 of the vincristine-resistant CHO cells which is responsible for the MDR in these cells. A low level of discordance between CHO chromosomes Z8 and 2 and the drug resistance phenotype suggests that these chromosomes may contain genes involved with the MDR phenotype.
Web-Based Vehicle Performance Simulations Using Microsoft Excel (2001)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Although computer models for vehicle and sub-system performance simulations have been developed and used extensively in the past several decades, there is currently a need to enhance the overall availability of these types of tools. Increasing demands on vehicle performance targets have intensified the need to obtain rapid feedback on the effects of vehicle modifications throughout the entire development cycle.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;At the same time, evolution of the PC and development of Web-based applications have contributed to the availability, accessibility, and user-friendliness of sophisticated computer analysis.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Web engineering is an ideal approach in supporting globalization and is a cost-effective design-analysis integration business strategy. There is little doubt that this new approach will have positive impacts on product cost, quality, and development cycle time.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;This paper will show how Microsoft Excel and the Web can be powerful and effective tools in the development process. To demonstrate the technique, a vehicle wide-open-throttle acceleration performance simulation example will be presented.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Basic equations and assumptions will be reviewed, followed by a discussion on the consideration of several special conditions. Applicable programming techniques will be presented. An example of Web-based execution is provided.&lt;/div&gt;
Concept of Structural Control (1972)

In an ideal situation, completely safe structures can be designed if exact information is known concerning loads and strengths involved during the lifetime of these structures, and exact methods of structural analysis are available. In the real world uncertainties exist in this information as well as in the method of analysis. To account for these uncertainties, various factors of safety have been used in the design of structures. Probabilistic methods have been applied for the interpretation as well as determination of these factors of safety. Techniques in structural analysis are being refined continuously. The objective herein is to present the concept of structural control as an alternative approach to the safety problems of structural engineering. Pertinent points of the control theory are reviewed along with certain pioneering work in this direction. The practicality of this concept is illustrated with an example using analog parallel logic devices.
A fungal transcription factor essential for starch degradation affects integration of carbon and nitrogen metabolism (2017)

In Neurospora crassa, the transcription factor COL-26 functions as a regulator of glucose signaling and metabolism. Its loss leads to resistance to carbon catabolite repression. Here, we report that COL-26 is necessary for the expression of amylolytic genes in N. crassa and is required for the utilization of maltose and starch. Additionally, the Δcol-26 mutant shows growth defects on preferred carbon sources, such as glucose, an effect that was alleviated if glutamine replaced ammonium as the primary nitrogen source. This rescue did not occur when maltose was used as a sole carbon source. Transcriptome and metabolic analyses of the Δcol-26 mutant relative to its wild type parental strain revealed that amino acid and nitrogen metabolism, the TCA cycle and GABA shunt were adversely affected. Phylogenetic analysis showed a single col-26 homolog in Sordariales, Ophilostomatales, and the Magnaporthales, but an expanded number of col-26 homologs in other filamentous fungal species. Deletion of the closest homolog of col-26 in Trichoderma reesei, bglR, resulted in a mutant with similar preferred carbon source growth deficiency, and which was alleviated if glutamine was the sole nitrogen source, suggesting conservation of COL-26 and BglR function. Our finding provides novel insight into the role of COL-26 for utilization of starch and in integrating carbon and nitrogen metabolism for balanced metabolic activities for optimal carbon and nitrogen distribution.
Ethnic Differences in Testicular Structure and Spermatogenic Potential May Predispose Testes of Asian Men to a Heightened Sensitivity to Steroidal Contraceptives (1998)

Spermatogenesis in Asian men appears to be more susceptible to suppression by steroidal contraceptives administered in clinical trials than spermatogenesis in Caucasian men. The objective of this study was to determine whether ethnic differences exist in testicular structure and spermatogenic potential that might predispose Asians to a high sensitivity to steroidal contraceptives. Testes from 12 Chinese men were compared to those from 8 Hispanic men and 12 non-Hispanic Caucasian men of ages 29+/-3, 30+/-2, and 29+/-3 years, respectively. Testes were fixed by vascular perfusion with glutaraldehyde, further fixed in osmium, embedded in Epon, and evaluated by stereology using 0.5-microm sections stained with toluidine blue. Homogenates of fixed testes were evaluated for the number of Sertoli cells and the daily sperm production based on pachytene primary spermatocytes (PDSP) or spermatids with spherical nuclei (DSP). Paired parenchymal weight was less (P < 0.05) in Chinese men than in Hispanic or Caucasian men. The PDSP per gram of parenchyma was lower (P < 0.05) and the DSP per gram tended to be lower in Chinese men than in other groups. The histologic appearance, volume density, and length per man of seminiferous tubules were the same among the ethnic groups; however, the diameter of seminiferous tubules was less (P < 0.05) in Chinese than in Hispanic or Caucasian men. The PDSP per man and the DSP per man were lower (P < 0.05) in Chinese than in Hispanic or Caucasian men. The number of Sertoli cells per gram was higher (P < 0.05) in Chinese or Caucasian men than in Hispanic men, but the number of Sertoli cells per man was lower (P < 0.05) in Chinese men than in Hispanic or Caucasian men. Sertoli cell function, measured as the number of germ cells accommodated by a single Sertoli cell, was lower (P < 0.05) in Chinese men than in Caucasian men. The volume density of Leydig cell cytoplasm was greatest (P < 0.05) in Chinese men, but the number of Leydig cells was similar among the ethnic groups. Hence, smaller testes coupled with reduced Sertoli cell number and function and reduced daily sperm production could predispose Asian men to have a heightened negative response of testes to steroidal contraceptives, as compared to Caucasian men. Dampening (by exogenous androgens) of any physiological benefit to spermatogenesis that a high volume density of Leydig cell cytoplasm may bestow on the human testis (that Asian men may have evolved to require) would exacerbate ethnic differences in the spermatogenic response to hormonal contraceptives.
Enhanced Charge Transport in Conventional Polymer Solar Cells with a Perovskite-Type LaNiO3 Layer (2020)

In this study, a novel metal oxide, lanthanum nickelate (LNO) with a perovskite structure, was introduced into a polymer solar cell (PSC) device, replacing the PEDOT:PSS hole transport layer (HTL). The results show that the LNO-based PTB7-Th:PC<sub>71</sub>BM solar cell exhibits a higher circuit current density, power conversion efficiency, and stability compared with a device with PEDOT:PSS HTL. To understand the effect of LNO HTL on the performance of devices, the active layer morphology and charge transport characteristics in PSCs were systematically analyzed. The morphology of active layer was affected by the HTL, which further regulated the generation and transport processes of charge carrier in the PSC device. For the LNO HTL, an appropriate thickness (8 nm) and a small surface roughness (<i>S</i><sub>q</sub> = 0.7 nm) can coordinate the energy-level structure of device and improve the interface contact between the FTO electrode and PTB7-Th:PC<sub>71</sub>BM active layer, promoting the charge transport performance of device. Therefore, this work provides a new consideration for the preparation of efficient, stable, and low-cost polymer solar cells.
ArabidopsisSeedlings Over-Accumulated Indole-3-acetic Acid in Response to Aminooxyacetic Acid (2010)

Previously we identified aminooxy compounds as auxin biosynthesis inhibitors. One of the compounds, aminooxyacetic acid (AOA) inhibited indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) biosynthesis in rice and tomato. Here, we found that AOA induced auxin over-accumulation in Arabidopsis. The results suggest that auxin-related metabolic pathways are divergent among these plant species.
SERE, a widely dispersed bacterial repetitive DNA element (1998)

The presence of a Salmonella serotype Enteritidis repeat element (SERE) located within the upstream regulatory region of the sefABCD operon encoding fimbrial proteins is reported. DNA dot–blot hybridisation analyses and computerised searches of genetic databases indicate that SERE is well conserved and widely distributed throughout the bacterial and archaeal kingdoms. A SERE-based polymerase chain reaction (SERE-PCR) assay was developed to fingerprint 54 isolates of Enteritidis representing nine distinct phage types and 54 isolates of other Salmonella serotypes. SERE-PCR identified five distinct fingerprint profiles among the 54 Enteritidis isolates; no correlation between phage types and SERE-PCR fingerprint patterns was noticed. SERE-PCR was reproducible, rapid and easy to perform. The results of this investigation suggest that the limited heterogeneity of SERE-PCR fingerprint patterns can be utilised to develop serotype- and serogroup-specific fingerprint patterns for isolates of Enteritidis.