gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Robust parsing based on discourse information (1995)

In a consistent text, many words and phrases are repeatedly used in more than one sentence. When an identical phrase (a set of consecutive words) is repeated in different sentences, the constituent words of those sentences tend to be associated in identical modification patterns with identical parts of speech and identical modifiee-modifier relationships. Thus, when a syntactic parser cannot parse a sentence as a unified structure, parts of speech and modifiee-modifier relationships among morphologically identical words in complete parses of other sentences within the same text provide useful information for obtaining partial parses of the sentence.In this paper, we describe a method for completing partial parses by maintaining consistency among morphologically identical words within the same text as regards their part of speech and their modifiee-modifier relationship. The experimental results obtained by using this method with technical documents offer good prospects for improving the accuracy of sentence analysis in a broad-coverage natural language processing system such as a machine translation system.
Compensated Row-Column Ultrasound Imaging System Using Multilayered Edge Guided Stochastically Fully Connected Random Fields (2017)

The row-column method received a lot of attention for 3-D ultrasound imaging. By reducing the number of connections required to address the 2-D array and therefore reducing the amount of data to handle, this addressing method allows for real time 3-D imaging. Row-column still has its limitations: the issues of sparsity, speckle noise inherent to ultrasound, the spatially varying point spread function, and the ghosting artifacts inherent to the row-column method must all be taken into account when building a reconstruction framework. In this research, we build on a previously published system and propose an edge-guided, compensated row-column ultrasound imaging system that incorporates multilayered edge-guided stochastically fully connected conditional random fields to address the limitations of the row-column method. Tests carried out on simulated and real row-column ultrasound images show the effectiveness of our proposed system over other published systems. Visual assessment show our proposed system's potential at preserving edges and reducing speckle. Quantitative analysis shows that our proposed system outperforms previously published systems when evaluated with metrics such as Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio, Coefficient of Correlation, and Effective Number of Looks. These results show the potential of our proposed system as an effective tool for enhancing 3-D row-column imaging.
A fast and reliable technique for muscle activity detection from surface EMG signals (2003)

The estimation of on-off timing of human skeletal muscles during movement is an important issue in surface electromyography (EMG) signal processing with relevant clinical applications. In this paper, a novel approach to address this issue is proposed. The method is based on the identification of single motor unit action potentials from the surface EMG signal with the use of the continuous wavelet transform. A manifestation variable is computed as the maximum of the outputs of a bank of matched filters at different scales. A threshold is applied to the manifestation variable to detect EMG activity. A model, based on the physical structure of the muscle, is used to test the proposed technique on synthetic signals with known features. The resultant bias of the onset estimate is lower than 40 ms and the standard deviation lower than 30 ms in case of additive colored Gaussian noise with signal-to-noise ratio as low as 2 dB. Comparison with previously developed methods was performed, and representative applications to experimental signals are presented. The method is designed for a complete real-time implementation and, thus, may be applied in clinical routine activity.
Multimode illumination in the terahertz for elimination of target orientation requirements and minimization of coherent effects in active imaging systems (2012)

It is shown that with appropriate multimode illumination and modulation strategies, it is possible to achieve the high sensitivity of active illumination, with the elimination of the need for "strategic" angular orientation of the target and to do so while minimizing the impact of coherent effects such as speckle. It is also shown that very modest terahertz (THz) power levels correspond to very high brightness temperatures, even when this power is divided among the many modes of large enclosures. We also consider how technical advances in the THz will continue to expand the scenarios of applicability for these approaches.
A generalized Newton method for identification of closed-chain excavator arm parameters (2004)

A robust and fast yet simple approach for experimental identification of the link (mass, inertia and length) parameters and friction coefficients for a full-scale closed-chain excavator arm is developed. The approach is based on a generalized Newton method, an excavation arm dynamic model and measured data. The new approach can be used where the number of equations is different from the number of variables, or if the Jacobian cannot be assumed nonsingular. The parameters are needed for improving the control actions in autonomous solution for excavation tasks and contributing to excavator design evaluation. Using experimental data obtained while moving the links of an instrumented full-scale combat engineer excavator, the values of the link parameters and friction coefficients for various links were successfully identified. The identified parameters are compared with physical values, and they are in agreement. Further, the joint torques and positions computed by the developed model using the identified parameters are validated against measured data, also showing excellent agreement. The experimental data was obtained in collaboration with QinetiQ. The novel technique presented in this paper is general and can be applied to a wide range of heavy-duty closed chain hydraulic manipulators.
Refractive properties of magnesium fluoride (1984)

The refractive indices of a commercially available specimen of single-crystal MgF2 were determined for both the ordinary and extraordinary rays at selected wavelengths from 0.2026 to 7.04 μm. Measurements were made by means of the minimum-deviation method on a precision spectrometer near 19°C. The experimentally determined index values for each polarization were fitted to a three-term Sellmeier-type dispersion equation of the form n2-1=∑Ajλ2(λ2-λj2), where n is the refractive index, λ is the wavelength of interest, λj is the calculated wavelength of an oscillator, and Aj is the strength of the oscillator at λj. The birefringence was computed as a function of wavelength from the calculated index values obtained for the two polarizations. The dispersion coefficients were also determined for the 0 ray and for the birefringence. The results of this study are compared with previously reported work on the refractive properties of MgF2.
[RATES OF MICROCEPHALY AMONG NEONATES IN AIR POLLUTED REGIONS OF HAIFA BAY]. (2018)

Air pollution is not associated with higher rates of microcephaly in Haifa Bay.
A PMSG-Based Wind Energy Conversion System Assisted by Photovoltaic Power (2012)

This work discusses a hybrid power conversion scheme consisting of a permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG)-based wind energy system and photovoltaic panels. The two energy sources are integrated with a battery to store extra photovoltaic energy during the day and to meet any additional power requirement in the absence of sunlight. The PV panel is interfaced to the battery through a SEPIC converter for maximum power point tracking. The wind energy from the PMSG is supplied to the battery through a boost converter which regulates the output. The total power obtained from the hybrid system is fed to a three-phase load through an inverter implementing Space-vector pulse-width modulation. The controller modeled in MATLAB/Simulink software is simple and is implemented through real time simulation using dSPACE hardware.
Evaluation of Multilocus Sequence Typing of Cyclospora cayetanensis based on microsatellite markers (2019)

Cyclospora cayetanensis is a human parasite transmitted via ingestion of contaminated food or water. Cases of C. cayetanensis infection acquired in the United States often go unexplained, partly because of the difficulties associated with epidemiologic investigations of such cases and the lack of genotyping methods. A Multilocus Sequence Typing (MLST) method for C. cayetanensis based on five microsatellite loci amplified by nested PCR was described in 2016. The MLST loci had high variability, but many specimens could not be assigned a type because of poor DNA sequencing quality at one or more loci. We analyzed Cyclospora-positive stool specimens collected during 1997-2016 from 54 patients, including 51 from the United States. We noted limited inter-specimen variability for one locus (CYC15) and the frequent occurrence of unreadable DNA sequences for two loci (CYC3 and CYC13). Overall, using the remaining two loci (CYC21 and CYC22), we detected 17 different concatenated sequence types. For four of five clusters of epidemiologically linked cases for which we had specimens from >1 case-patient, the specimens associated with the same cluster had the same type. However, we also noted the same type for specimens that were geographically and temporally unrelated, indicating poor discriminatory power. Furthermore, many specimens had what appeared to be a mixture of sequence types at locus CYC22. We conclude that it may be difficult to substantially improve the performance of the MLST method because of the nucleotide repeat features of the markers, along with the frequent occurrence of mixed genotypes in Cyclospora infections.
ONC201 Targets AR and AR-V7 Signaling, Reduces PSA, and Synergizes with Everolimus in Prostate Cancer (2018)

Androgen receptor (AR) signaling plays a key role in prostate cancer progression, and androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) is a mainstay clinical treatment regimen for patients with advanced disease. Unfortunately, most prostate cancers eventually become androgen-independent and resistant to ADT with patients progressing to metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). Constitutively activated AR variants (AR-V) have emerged as mediators of resistance to AR-targeted therapy and the progression of mCRPC, and they represent an important therapeutic target. Out of at least 15 AR-Vs described thus far, AR-V7 is the most abundant, and its expression correlates with ADT resistance. ONC201/TIC10 is the founding member of the imipridone class of small molecules and has shown anticancer activity in a broad range of tumor types. ONC201 is currently being tested in phase I/II clinical trials for advanced solid tumors, including mCRPC, and hematologic malignancies. There has been promising activity observed in patients in early clinical testing. This study demonstrates preclinical single-agent efficacy of ONC201 using <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i> models of prostate cancer. ONC201 has potent antiproliferative and proapoptotic effects in both castration-resistant and -sensitive prostate cancer cells. Furthermore, the data demonstrate that ONC201 downregulates the expression of key drivers of prostate cancer such as AR-V7 and downstream target genes including the clinically used biomarker PSA (KLK3). Finally, the data also provide a preclinical rationale for combination of ONC201 with approved therapeutics for prostate cancer such as enzalutamide, everolimus (mTOR inhibitor), or docetaxel.<b>Implications:</b> The preclinical efficacy of ONC201 as a single agent or in combination, in hormone-sensitive or castration-resistant prostate cancer, suggests the potential for immediate clinical translation. <i>Mol Cancer Res; 16(5); 754-66. ©2018 AACR</i>.
Steady-state solutions in nonlocal neuronal networks (2005)

We focus on the mathematical analysis of existence and nonlinear exponential stability (linear exponential instability, respectively) of steadystate solutions of the scalar nonlocal equation
Microfabrication Of Reproducible, Economical, Electroenzymatic Glucose Sensors (2005)

We present a method for fabricating electroenzymatic glucose sensors. The general approach i s to utilize thin- and thick-film deposition techniques similar to those used in the semiconductor processing industry. The sensors are fabricated in lots of 130, with the goal of a cheiving r eproducible s ensor performance and economical fabrication costs, using processes that can be readily up-scaled for manufacturing large numbers of sensors. The sensors are formed on a flexible substrate to provide less irritation and longer, more reliable operation when placed in vivo. Sensor operation has been characterized in vitro, and sensor performance has been found to meet
Amyloid deposition in Parkinson's disease and cognitive impairment: A systematic review (2015)

Substantial variability occurs in the prevalence of "PiB-positive" studies in subjects with Parkinsonism and cognitive impairment. Higher prevalence of PiB-positive studies was encountered among subjects with DLB as opposed to subjects with PDD. The PD-MCI subjects showed overall lower prevalence of PiB-positive studies than reported findings in non-PD-related MCI. © 2015 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
Recent Developments in Thrombin-Activatable Fibrinolysis Inhibitor Research (2009)

Thrombin-activatable fibrinolysis inhibitor (TAFI) provides an important molecular link between the coagulation and fibrinolytic systems. In this review, recent major advances in TAFI research, including the elucidation of crystal structures, the development of small inhibitors and the role of TAFI in systems other than hemostasis, are described and discussed. Keywords: TAFI, carboxypeptidase B, carboxypeptidase U, carboxypeptidase R, fibrinolysis, inflammation
Proteomic test for anti-PD-1 checkpoint blockade treatment of metastatic melanoma with and without BRAF mutations (2019)

The therapeutic landscape in metastatic melanoma has changed dramatically in the last decade, with the success of immune checkpoint inhibitors resulting in durable responses for a large number of patients. For patients with BRAF mutations, combinations of BRAF and MEK inhibitors demonstrated response rates and benefit comparable to those from immune checkpoint inhibitors, providing the rationale for sequential treatment with targeted and immunotherapies and raising the question of optimal treatment sequencing.Biomarkers for the selection of anti-PD-1 therapy in BRAF wild type (BRAF WT) and in BRAF mutated (BRAF MUT) patients help development of alternative treatments for patients unlikely to benefit, and might lead to better understanding of the interaction of checkpoint inhibition and targeted therapy. In this paper we evaluate the performance of a previously developed serum proteomic test, BDX008, in metastatic melanoma patients treated with anti-PD-1 agents and investigate the role of BRAF mutation status. BDX008, a pre-treatment proteomic test associated with acute phase reactants, wound healing and complement activation, stratifies patients into two groups, BDX008+ and BDX008-, with better and worse outcomes on immunotherapy.Serum samples were available from 71 patients treated with anti-PD1 inhibitors; 25 patients had BRAF mutations, 39 were wild type. Overall, BDX008+ patients had significantly better overall survival (OS) (HR = 0.50, P = 0.016) and a trend for better progression-free survival (PFS) (HR = 0.61, P = 0.060) than BDX008- patients. BDX008 classification was statistically significant in the analyses adjusted for mutation status, LDH, and line of treatment (P = 0.009 for OS and 0.031 for PFS). BRAF WT BDX008+ patients had markedly long median OS of 32.5 months and 53% landmark 2 years survival, with statistically significantly superior OS as compared to BDX008- patients (HR = 0.41, P = 0.032). The difference between BDX008+ and BDX008- in PFS in BRAF WT patients and in OS and PFS in BRAF MUT patients did not reach statistical significance, though numerically was consistent with overall results. The test demonstrated significant interaction with neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) (PFS P = 0.041, OS P = 0.004). BDX008 as a biomarker selecting for benefit from immune checkpoint blockade, especially in patients with wild type BRAF and in subgroups with low NLR, warrants further evaluation.
Power spectral density specifications for high-power laser systems (1996)

This paper describes the use of Fourier techniques to characterize the transmitted and reflected wavefront of optical components. Specifically, a power spectral density, (PSD), approach is used. High power solid-state lasers exhibit non-linear amplification of specific spatial frequencies. Thus, specifications that limit the amplitude of these spatial frequencies are necessary in the design of these systems. Further, NIF optical components have square, rectangular or irregularly shaped apertures with major dimensions up-to 800 mm. Components with non-circular apertures can not be analyzed correctly with Zernicke polynomials since these functions are an orthogonal set for circular apertures only. A more complete and powerful representation of the optical wavefront can be obtained by Fourier analysis in 1 or 2 dimensions. The PSD is obtained from the amplitude of frequency components present in the Fourier spectrum. The shape of a resultant wavefront or the focal spot of a complex multicomponent laser system can be calculated and optimized using PSDs of the individual optical components which comprise the system. Surface roughness can be calculated over a range of spatial scale-lengths by integrating the PSD. Finally, since the optical transfer function (OTF) of the instruments used to measure the wavefront degrades at high spatial frequencies, the PSD of an optical component is underestimated. We can correct for this error by modifying the PSD function to restore high spatial frequency information. The strengths of PSD analysis are leading us to develop optical specifications incorporating this function for the planned National Ignition Facility (NIF).
Genetic control of manno(fructo)kinase activity in Escherichia coli (2001)

Mutants of Escherichia coli unable to use fructose by means of the phosphoenolpyruvate/glycose phosphotransferase system mutate further to permit growth on that ketose by derepression of a manno(fructo)kinase (Mak(+) phenotype) present in only trace amounts in the parent organisms (Mak-o phenotype). The mak gene was located at min 8.8 on the E. coli linkage map as an ORF designated yajF, of hitherto unknown function; it specifies a deduced polypeptide of 344 aa. The derepression of Mak activity was associated with a single base change at position 71 (codon 24) of the gene, where GCC (alanine) in Mak-o has been changed to GAC (aspartate) in Mak(+). By cloning selected portions of the total 1,032-bp mak gene into a plasmid that also carried a temperature-sensitive promoter, we showed that the mutation resided in a 117-bp region that does not specify sequences necessary for Mak activity but was located 46 bp upstream of a 915-bp portion that does. Mak(+) and Mak-o strains differ greatly in the heat stability of the enzyme: at 61 degrees C, mak-o cloned into a mak-o recipient loses 50% of its activity in approximately 6 min, whereas it takes over 30 min to achieve a similar reduction in the activity of mak(+) cloned into a mak-o strain. However, the Mak activity of the cloned fragment specifying the enzyme without the regulatory region lost activity with a half-life of 29 min irrespective of whether it was derived from a mak(+) or a mak-o donor, which indicates that the A24D mutation contributes to the high enzyme activity of Mak(+) mutants by serving to protect Mak from denaturation.
Digital restoration of multi-channel images (2005)

Digital image restoration of monochrome images has been studied extensively, however, problems associated with the restoration of multichannel images still remain to be investigated. In this paper, the Wiener solution of a multichannel restoration system is presented. Using block Toeplitz to block circulant approximation, the inversion of the multichannel imaging system becomes feasible by utilizing a fast iterative matrix inversion procedure. The restoration uses both the within-channel and between-channel correlation, hence the restored result is a better estimate than the one produced by independent channel restoration. Simulations are also presented.
[13C]urea breath test to confirm eradication of Helicobacter pylori. (1995)

[13C]urea breath test is a sensitive indicator of H. pylori eradication 6 wk after treatment. Antral biopsies are unnecessary to confirm eradication of H. pylori after completion of treatment.
Synthetic Studies on the IsomericN-Methyl Derivatives ofC-Ribavirin (1991)

Abstract The syntheses of all three of the mono-N-methy1 derivatives of C-ribavirin (3-β-D-ribofuranosyl-1, 2, 4-triazole-5-carboxamide, 2) have been accomplished. Reaction of 1-(β-D-ribofuranosyliminomethyl)-2-methyl-hydrazine ( 7 ) with ethyl oxamate (8) in boiling ethanol gave the N′-methyl-C-ribavirin ( 3 ). A similar treatment of β-D-ribofuranosyl-1-carboximidic acid methyl ester ( 6 ) with N′-methyloxamic hydrazide ( 10 ) furnished the N2-methyl-C-ribavirin ( 4 ). Direct methylation of unprotected 2 with methyl iodide in the presence of potassium carbonate in dimethyl sulfoxide gave N 4-methyl isomer ( 5 ) as the major product. Structural assignments of 3 , 4 , and 5 were based on the unequivocal synthetic sequences, 1H and 13C NMR data and confirmed by single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis.
Data from Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated and p21<sup>CIP1</sup> Modulate Cell Survival of Drug-Induced Senescent Tumor Cells: Implications for Chemotherapy (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Purpose:&lt;/b&gt; Premature or stress-induced senescence is a major cellular response to chemotherapy in solid tumors and contributes to successful treatment. However, senescent tumor cells are resistant to apoptosis and may also reenter the cell cycle. We set out to find a means to specifically induce senescent tumor cells to undergo cell death and not to reenter the cell cycle that may have general application in cancer therapy.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Experimental Design:&lt;/b&gt; We investigated the mechanisms regulating cell survival in drug-induced senescent tumor cells. Using immunofluorescence and flow cytometry–based techniques, we established the status of the ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) signaling pathway in these cells. We assayed the requirement of ATM signaling and p21&lt;sup&gt;CIP1&lt;/sup&gt; expression for survival in premature senescent tumor cells using pharmacologic inhibitors and antisense oligonucleotides.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Results:&lt;/b&gt; The ATM/ATR (ATM- and Rad3-related) signaling pathway was found to be constitutively active in drug-induced senescent tumor cells. We found that blocking ATM/ATR signaling with pharmacologic inhibitors, including the novel ATM inhibitors KU55933 and CGK733, induced senescent breast, lung, and colon carcinoma cells to undergo cell death. We show that the mechanism of action of this effect is directly via p21&lt;sup&gt;CIP1&lt;/sup&gt;, which acts downstream of ATM. This is in contrast to the effects of ATM inhibitors on normal, untransformed senescent cells.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Conclusions:&lt;/b&gt; Blocking ATM and/or p21&lt;sup&gt;CIP1&lt;/sup&gt; following initial treatment with a low dose of senescence-inducing chemotherapy is a potentially less toxic and highly specific treatment for carcinomas.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;