gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Radiofrequency Catheter Ablation (1995)

Radiofrequency (RF) catheter ablation has become the treatment of choice for many patients with symptomatic cardiac arrhythmias. It is presumed that the primary cause of tissue injury by RF ablation is thermally mediated resulting in a relatively discrete homogeneous lesion. The mechanism by which RF current heats tissue is resistive heating of a narrow mm (< 1 mm) of tissue that is in direct contact with the ablation electrode. Deeper tissue heating occurs as a result of passive heat conduction from this small region of volume hearing. Lesion size is proportional to the temperature at the electrode-tissue interface and the size of the ablation electrode. Temperatures above 50°C are required to produce irreversible myocardial injury but temperatures above 100°C result in coagulum formation on the ablation electrode, a rapid rise in electrical impedance, and loss of effective tissue heating. Lesion formation is also dependent on optimal electrode-tissue contact and duration of RF delivery. Newer developments in RF ablation include temperature monitoring longer ablation electrodes coupled to high-powered RF generation, and novel ablation electrode designs.
In vitro analysis of mechanism of pulsed-laser thrombolysis (2022)

Thrombolytic therapy in the treatment of cardiogenic acute cerebral embolism caused by coagulated blood carries the risk of hemorrhagic complications, and there is a need to develop safer and more reliable treatment methods. Laser thrombolysis therapy, which utilizes the difference in energy absorption between the thrombus and the arterial wall, has shown promise as a new treatment method because it can selectively act only on the thrombus. It has not been applied clinically, however, and one of the main reasons for this is that its underlying mechanism has not been elucidated. We developed a pulse laser thrombolysis system for treating cerebral blood vessels that consists of a diode-pumped solid-state neodymium-yttrium aluminum garnet laser, which has excellent stability and maintainability and is suitable for clinical applications coupled to a small-diameter optical fiber. Moreover, we analyzed the mechanisms that occur during pulsed laser irradiation of transparent glass tubes and gelatin phantoms. We found that bubbles form as a thermal effect in addition to ablation of the pulsed laser irradiation. Furthermore, we detected no shock waves or water jets associated with the bubbles. We analyzed the bubbles' dynamics and growth rate, and their effect on a rabbit blood clot phantom. We concluded that the bubbles generated by the laser irradiation physically cut the thrombus and thereby had a thrombectomy effect. We believe that this study will clarify the mechanism of laser thrombolysis therapy and contribute greatly to the realization of its clinical application.
Biodegradable Nanoagents with Short Biological Half‐Life for SPECT/PAI/MRI Multimodality Imaging and PTT Therapy of Tumors (2017)

Rapid clearance of nanoagents is a critical criterion for their clinical translation. Herein, it is reported that biodegradable and renal clearable nanoparticles are potentially useful for image-guided photothermal therapy of tumors. The multifunctional nanoparticles with excellent colloidal stability are synthesized through coordination reactions between Fe<sup>3+</sup> ions and gallic acid (GA)/polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) in aqueous solution. Detailed characterization reveals that the resulting Fe<sup>3+</sup> /GA/PVP complex nanoparticles (FGPNs) integrate strong near-infrared absorption with paramagnetism well. As a result, the FGPNs present outstanding performance for photoacoustic imaging and magnetic resonance imaging of tumors, and outstanding photothermal ablation effect for tumor therapy owing to their high photothermal conversion efficiency. More importantly, the pharmacokinetic behaviors of the FGPNs determined through <sup>125</sup> I labeling suggest that the FGPNs are readily degraded in vivo showing a short biological half-life, and the decomposition products are excreted through either renal clearance pathway or bowel elimination pathway via stomach, which highlights the characteristics of the current multifunctional theranostic agent and their potential in clinical translation.
Microbiology of normal and seborrheic canine skin. (1978)

Quantitative and qualitative bacterial assays were performed on the skin of 15 normal and 32 seborrheic dogs. Nonionic detergent scrubs were made on areas demarcated by glass sidearm cylinders. Quantitative analysis was accomplished by the serial dilution technique, and the bacteria were identified by individual and colonial morphology and by enzyme production. Areas measured on control dogs had a markedly lower total bacterial count than similar areas measured on seborrheic animals. Control dogs had a flora consisting primarily of coagulase-negative cocci, whereas seborrheic dogs usually had a cutaneous flora composed primarily of Stahylococcus aureus, coagulase-positive.
Simulation of urban vehicle-monitoring systems (1972)

The results of experimentally based computer simulations of phase-ranging and pulse-ranging urban vehicle-monitoring systems are given. These show that such systems are quite feasible even in the worst environments.
Boundary element analysis of the electrostatic interactions between organic scaffolds and transmembrane proteins (2010)

This paper investigates the electrostatic interactions between organic scaffolds and the transmembrane proteins involved in cell adhesion. The analysis is performed through the solution of the linearized Poisson-Boltzmann equation by means of the Boundary Element Method. The electrostatic energy is evaluated varying the relative position of the interacting molecules and the properties of the solvent.
Efficient bubble propulsion of polymer-based microengines in real-life environments (2013)

Template-electrodeposited polymer/Pt microtube engines display efficient propulsion in a wide range of real-life samples ranging from seawater to human serum. Remarkably high speeds are observed in fuel-enhanced raw serum, apple juice, seawater, lake and river water samples. Our results indicate that polymer-based microengines hold considerable promise for diverse practical applications and that real samples exert different effects upon propulsion of different bubble-propelled microtube engines.
Tunability of the Refractive Index of Gold Nanoparticle Dispersions (2007)

Alkanethiol-capped gold nanoparticles dispersed in n-dodecane were studied by spectroscopic ellipsometry and were modeled using Mie scattering theory. The refractive index in the visible and near-infrared depended on the volume fraction of gold nanoparticles, in good agreement with the theoretical expectation that such dispersed plasmonic nanoparticles can act as low or tunable refractive index materials at specific optical wavelengths.
The Functions and Structure of ABC Transporters: Implications for the Design of New Inhibitors of Pgp and MRP1 to Control Multidrug Resistance (MDR) (2006)

Multidrug resistance (MDR) is a kind of acquired resistance of microorganisms and cancer cells to chemotherapic drugs that are characterized by different chemical structure and different mechanism of action. Classic MDR is the consequence of the over-expression of a variety of proteins that extrude the chemotherapic from the cell, lowering its concentration below the effective one. The ABC (ATP Binding Cassette) is a ubiquitous and important family of such transporter proteins. Members of this super family are present in mammals as well as in prokaryotic organisms and use ATP as the energy source to activate the extrusion process. P-glycoprotein (Pgp) and Multidrug Resistance Proteins (MRP1 and sister proteins) are the most important and widely studied members of ABC super family. Our knowledge about the structures and functions of transporter proteins has definitely improved in recent years, following the resolution of the structure of bacterial pumps which opened the way to the building of homology models for the more complex Pgp and MRP. It can be anticipated that these results will have a strong impact on the design of more potent and safer MDR reverters. A huge number of small molecules, many of natural origin, are able to reverse multidrug resistance by inhibiting the functions of Pgp, MRP1 and sister proteins and their action has been considered a possible way to reverse MDR. However, while a few compounds have reached clinical trials, none of them has, so far, been cleared for therapeutic use. Two main reasons are at the base of this difficulty: i) MDR is a complex phenomenon that may arise from several different biochemical mechanisms, with the consequence that inhibition of transporter proteins may be insufficient to reverse it; ii) the physiological role of Pgp and sister proteins requires more potent modulators with proper selectivity and pharmacokinetic in order to avoid unwanted side effects. This paper first reviews the most recent discoveries on the structures and functions of the ABC super family, in particular Pgp and MRP. Then, the medicinal chemistry of MDR reverters, in light of these findings, is discussed and the molecules that are presently in development are reviewed.
Copula Based Divergence Measures And Their Use In Image Registration (2009)

Publication in the conference proceedings of EUSIPCO, Glasgow, Scotland, 2009
Prevalence of Enteric Pathogens among International Travelers with Diarrhea Acquired in Kenya (Mombasa), India (Goa), or Jamaica (Montego Bay) (2002)

Stools from tourists from Europe and North America who acquired diarrhea in Mombasa (Kenya), Goa (India), or Montego Bay (Jamaica) were examined for enteric pathogens. Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) was the most common pathogen (25%) identified in the 3 locations. Isolation of Shigella species was more frequent in Goa and Mombasa than in Montego Bay (10%, 9%, and 0.3%, respectively; P <.005). Viruses (rotaviruses and enteric adenoviruses) were found in 9% of travelers to the 3 areas. Of 275 ETEC isolates in this study, 158 (57%) produced a defined colonization factor antigen (CFA). Coli surface 6 (CS6) was the most frequent and was found in 41%-52% of CFA/CS-positive ETEC isolates. The frequency of resistance among bacterial enteropathogens to traditional antimicrobial agents was particularly high throughout the study period in all 3 regions. Quinolones were active against the bacterial enteropathogens in the 3 sites.
Infectivity of Leishmania mexicana Is Associated with Differential Expression of Protein Kinase C-Like Triggered during a Cell-Cell Contact (2009)

Mammalian host cell invasion by Leishmania is a complex process in which various parasite and host cell components interact, triggering the activation of signaling cascades in both cells. Little is known regarding PKC biological functions in Leishmania sp. during parasite-macrophage interaction. PKC-like enzyme was first identified in homogenates and membrane fraction of L. mexicana stationary promastigotes by immunoblot. PKC-like enzyme activity was then detected in cell homogenates but also on intact promastigotes showing for the first time the presence of an ecto-PKC dependent on Ca(2+)/phosphatidylserine for activation. This ecto-PKC was activated with phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) and inhibited by RO-32-0432, a selective PKCalphabeta(I)epsilon bisindolylmaleimide inhibitor. Interestingly, the Leishmania PKC- activity was higher in the infective stationary than in non-infective logarithmic stage. Then, promastigotes at different stages of time proliferation curve were used in order to identify the role of PKC-like during macrophage invasion. After attachment to macrophages, PKC-like is over-expressed in promastigotes at the 6(th) culture day but also at the 4(th) day of culture corresponding to the maximal infection capacity. An antibody microarray for MAPK and PKC corroborate the Leishmania PKC-like over-expression during contact with macrophages. Pretreatment with RO-32-0432 inhibitor reduced the number of infected macrophages and the parasite burden. These data suggest for the first time a direct link between PKC expression level and infectivity, and provide evidence that PKC-like plays a critical role in attachment and in the internalization steps involved in the invasion process.
Scheduling and batching with evolutionary algorithms in simulation–optimization of an industrial formulation plant (2022)

Industrial scheduling problems are usually characterized by a high complexity and in many, if not all cases, a detailed representation of many specific features of the production process and of the constraints is necessary to ensure that the resulting schedules are feasible when they are executed. Such detailed representations are provided by commercial discrete-event simulation programs which are often employed in the planning phase to detect bottlenecks and to validate design decisions, but usually do not provide optimized schedules. In this paper, we combine a tailored Evolutionary Algorithm with a high-fidelity simulation model in a Simulation–Optimization approach in order to obtain optimized executable production schedules. The industrial production process considered here is a formulation plant that consists of a formulation stage and a filling stage with optional intermediate storage in a set of buffer tanks. The operational constraints include limited operator availability and shift constraints, sequence-dependent changeover times in both stages, product- and line-dependent processing rates, and the need for synchronization of operations. The objective is to minimize the tardiness of a set of orders some of which have long operation times and small slack between the earliest possible end times and the due dates. The orders consist of a certain number of batches, but if all the batches of an order are processed on the same equipment, meeting the due dates is not possible. Therefore the orders have to be decomposed into sub-orders (production orders) to realize parallel processing of urgent orders on several units with the goal to meet due dates. The decision to distribute the total demand of the individual customer orders to production orders is also called batching decision in the literature. A distinctive feature of our approach is that three independent encodings of the batching, allocation and sequencing decisions are used. The batching decisions lead to variable-length chromosomes for the allocation and sequencing encodings. For the treatment of variable-length chromosomes, new crossover and mutation operators, as well as repair algorithms are presented. The results for three test cases show that the introduction of the batching decisions significantly improves the tardiness of the production schedules. A thorough tuning of the categorical parameters of the Evolutionary Algorithm has been performed and it is shown that the resulting parameter setting yields reproducible results, while outperforming simpler approaches.
Effects of collagen cross-linking on the interlamellar cohesive strength of porcine cornea. (2013)

To determine the interlamellar cohesive strength (ICS) of porcine cornea before and after collagen cross-linking using riboflavin and ultraviolet A (UVA) irradiation.Corneal flaps, 130 μm thick, were created with a microkeratome. Cross-linking was accomplished with 0.1% riboflavin and UVA irradiation for 30 minutes (3 mW/cm, 5.4 J/cm) at a distance of 10 mm. Two experiments were performed. (1) The maximal ICS between corneal flap and the stroma was determined and histological examination was performed. (2) The mean stromal ICS was measured. Untreated eyes served as controls in all experiments.The mean maximum flap-stroma ICS was 0.088 ± 0.046 N/mm in the experimental group and 0.012 ± 0.004 N/mm in the control group (P = 0.009). In experiment 2, incomplete (2 mm long) corneal flaps were used and the mean stromal ICS was 0.750 ± 0.077 N/mm in the experimental group and 0.338 ± 0.046 N/mm in the control group (P < 0.0001). Histological examination showed an irregular ragged separation of the surface in the stromal margin of the cornea with cross-linking, but a smooth separation surface in the cornea without cross-linking.Collagen cross-linking activated by riboflavin/UVA increases ICS in porcine corneas.
Oxidation of Low Density Lipoprotein Particles Decreases Their Ability to Bind to Human Aortic Proteoglycans (1997)

Oxidation of low density lipoprotein (LDL) leads to its rapid uptake by macrophages in vitro, but no detailed studies have addressed the effect of oxidation on the binding of LDL to proteoglycans. We therefore treated LDL with various substances: copper sulfate, 2,2'-azobis(2-amidinopropane)hydrochloride (AAPH), soybean lipoxygenase, and mouse peritoneal macrophages, and determined the extent to which the oxidatively modified LDL bound to human aortic proteoglycans in an affinity column. Oxidation of LDL with copper, AAPH, or macrophages, all of which increased its electrophoretic mobility, was associated with reduced binding to proteoglycans, until strongly oxidized LDL was totally unable to bind to them. After treatment of LDL with soybean lipoxygenase, the change in electrophoretic mobility was small, and the amount of binding to proteoglycans was only slightly decreased. The increased electrophoretic mobility of oxidized LDL reflects modification of the lysine residues of apolipoprotein B-100 (apoB-100). To mimic the oxidative modification of lysines, we treated LDL with malondialdehyde. This treatment also totally prevented the binding of LDL to proteoglycans. In contrast, if the lysine residues of apoB-100 were methylated to shield them against oxidative modification, subsequent treatment of LDL with copper sulfate failed to reduce the degree of LDL binding to proteoglycans. Finally, the active lysine residues in the oxidized LDL particles, which are thought to be involved in this binding, were quantified with NMR spectroscopy. In oxidized LDL, the number of these residues was found to be decreased. The present results show that, after modification of the lysine residues of apoB-100 during oxidation, the binding of LDL to proteoglycans is decreased, and suggest that oxidation of LDL tends to lead to intracellular rather than extracellular accumulation of LDL during atherogenesis.
Development of an Effective 3D VR-Based Manipulation System for Industrial Robot Manipulators (2019)

Along with fast progress in their ability and flexibility, more robots are introduced for automation, and applied for more complicated tasks. Consequently, it demands more versatile and advanced manipulative devices for task manipulation and teaching. We thus propose a novel manipulation system based on virtual reality (VR). This system is intended for achieving 3D manipulation in a real-time manner. VR is recognized for capable of providing immersive feeling for the user. Meanwhile, it also faces the challenge in making the VR environment as close as the real one. To tackle this, we propose building a point cloud model of the real environment and integrating it with the virtual one. Meanwhile, to ease the load of the user during manipulation, we also develop a user-friendly interface, including a mechanism that can adjust the resolution of the command according to task complexity. Experiments are conducted to evaluate system’s performance, and questionnaires administered for acquiring user’s feedback.
Assessment of a Percutaneous Hemopump in High Risk Coronary Angioplasty Patients (1994)

This study assessed the safety and efficacy of a new 14 Fr Hemopump device. Ten high risk patients requiring percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) (last remaining patent vessel or low left ventricular ejection fraction) underwent PTCA with the prophylactic use of the Hemopump. This device was inserted percutaneously through the femoral artery using a 16 Fr sheath and placed into the left ventricle. Hemodynamic parameters (pulmonary capillary wedge pressure, cardiac output, mean aortic pressure) were recorded before, during, and after PTCA when the Hemopump was on and off. Adequate placement of the Hemopump was obtained in all patients with moderate temporary rhythm instability, and PTCA was performed in all patients. Under assist, pulmonary capillary wedge pressure was 22 +/- 8 mmHg, compared with 29 +/- 7 mmHg (P < 0.05), whereas no significant change in other hemodynamic parameters was observed. One patient experienced ventricular fibrillation twice during PTCA, which was correlated by electrical cardioversion. During this temporary cardiac arrest, the aortic blood pressure was maintained at 50 mmHg with the Hemopump. For all patients, the Hemopump was withdrawn 15 min after the end of PTCA, and the sheath was removed 4-6 hr later. However, two patients required surgical sheath removal. One patient died of cardiogenic shock in the intensive care unit. Other patients were discharged 3 days after the procedure. Long-term follow-up shows eight surviving patients. These data show that 1) the 14 Fr percutaneous Hemopump is safe, and 2) can unload the left ventricle during PTCA while maintaining mean aortic pressure and cardiac output.
Atazanavir Plus Ritonavir or Efavirenz as Part of a 3-Drug Regimen for Initial Treatment of HIV-1 (2011)

National Institutes of Health.
On the topology and number of operating points of MOSFET circuits (2001)

This paper reviews previous theory regarding the existence and uniqueness of dc operating points possessed by bipolar transistor circuits and applies it to MOSFET circuits. Two primary results are presented. First, it is shown that certain previous topological results regarding the uniqueness of dc operating points for bipolar junction transistor and JFET circuits do not strictly hold for MOSFET circuits. Second, a two-transistor MOSFET circuit that possesses five operating points is presented. This circuit is contrasted with previous results that indicate that two-transistor BJT circuits can possess no more than three operating points. The existence of this MOSFET circuit is justified by showing how the previous result breaks down in the case of circuits containing MOSFETs.
Volatility of coal liquids at high temperatures and pressures (1981)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTVolatility of coal liquids at high temperatures and pressuresGrant M. Wilson, Robert H. Johnston, Shuen-Cheng. Hwang, and Constantine. TsonopoulosCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. Proc. Des. Dev. 1981, 20, 1, 94–104Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1981Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1981https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/i200012a015https://doi.org/10.1021/i200012a015research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views196Altmetric-Citations41LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts