gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Translation and Validation of a Korean Version of the Xerostomia Inventory in Patients with Primary Sjögren’s Syndrome (2016)

This study was conducted to generate and validate a cross-culturally adapted Korean version of the xerostomia inventory (XI), an 11-item questionnaire designed to measure the severity of xerostomia. The original English version of the XI was translated into Korean according to the guidelines for cross-cultural adaptation of health-related quality-of-life measures. Among a prospective cohort of primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS) in Korea, 194 patients were analyzed. Internal consistency was evaluated by using Cronbach's alpha, and test-retest reliability was obtained by using an intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) analysis. Construct validity was investigated by performing a correlation analysis between XI total score and salivary flow rate (SFR). Cronbach's alpha for internal consistency was 0.868, and the ICC for test-retest reliability ranged from 0.48 to 0.827, with a median value of 0.72. Moderate negative correlations between XI score and stimulated SFR, unstimulated SFR, and differential (stimulated minus unstimulated) SFR were observed (Spearman's rho, ρ = -0.515, -0.447, and -0.482, respectively; P < 0.001). The correlation analysis between the visual analogue scale (VAS) score of overall dryness and SFR indicated a smaller ρ value (-0.235 [P = 0.006], -0.243 [P = 0.002], and -0.252 [P = 0.003], respectively), which supports that XI more accurately reflects the degree of xerostomia in the pSS patients. In conclusion, the Korean version of the XI is a reliable tool to estimate the severity of xerostomia in patients with pSS.
PyMercury: Interactive Python for the Mercury Monte Carlo Particle Transport Code (2010)

Parallel scientific applications are often written in low-level languages for optimal performance. However, such applications often sacrifice straightforward debugging and usability in the interest of performance. Mercury is a C++ based parallel Monte Carlo particle transport code. This study seeks to improve the Mercury user experience and to simplify debugging and validation without compromising performance. Toward this goal, mixed-language programming paradigms allow for high-performance, low-level computational code and simple, high-level code for control, debugging, and user interfaces. Numerous tools exist for connecting low-level C++ code with high-level Python code. With the Python/C Application Programming Interface (API), we implemented an interactive Python interface called PyMercury. PyMercury allows users to access geometry and physics calculations and to control debugging tools during runtime. PyMercury also serves as a framework for developers to create tests for Mercury software validation. We illustrate the effectiveness of PyMercury in debugging, validation, and usage with two case studies. The first case study illustrates the effectiveness of PyMercury in debugging and validation. PyMercury successfully validates adaptive mesh refinement (AMR) volume calculations for Mercury geometric setups. The second case study demonstrates the effectiveness of PyMercury in providing a straightforward runtime user interface. Physicians and other users can use PyMercury to rapidly develop simulations of radiation cancer therapy strategies. PyMercury demonstrates the value of interactive Python for rapid debugging and verification of scientific computing applications.
Prolonged exposure to bacterial toxins downregulated expression of toll-like receptors in mesenchymal stromal cell-derived osteoprogenitors (2008)

In conclusion, our findings support the potential of using human MSCs as a biological graft, even under a bacterial toxin-rich environment.
Synthesis and gas sensor applications of nanostructured ZnO grown at low temperatures (2014)

ZnO nanoarchitecture-based nano- and microdevices came into the focus due to their multifunctional operation. In this work, we summarize cost-effective procedures to grow ZnO nano- and microstructures, namely hydrothermal growth and electrochemical deposition. These techniques allow the controllable growth of ZnO nano- and microarchitectures at relatively low temperatures, below 100 °C, and do not require sophisticated equipment. We report on technological details for synthesis of ZnO and its characterization and applications in different novel devices such as gas sensors. Nanosensors and microsensors were fabricated using a focused ion beam and by metal welding an individual nano- and microstructure to form rigid contacts. Devices made from pure and doped ZnO nanostructures are presented and discussed. Developed nano- and microdevice structures show promising performances and are quite attractive for further investigations in sensor applications. Several factors determine the gas sensing mechanism of pure and doped ZnO micro- and nanowire/nanorods and discussions on this are summarized.
Performance Analysis of GEVD-Based Source Separation With Second-Order Statistics (2011)

One of the simplest (and earliest) approaches to blind source separation is to estimate the mixing matrix from the generalized eigenvalue decomposition (GEVD), or Exact Joint Diagonalization, of two “target-matrices.” In a second-order statistics (SOS) framework, these target-matrices are two different correlation matrices (e.g., at different lags, taken over different time-intervals, etc.), attempting to capture the diversity of the sources (e.g., diverse spectra, different nonstationarity profiles, etc.). More generally, such matrix pairs can be constructed as “generalized correlation” matrices, whose structure is prescribed by two selected “association-matrices.” In this paper, we provide a small-errors performance analysis of GEVD-based separation in such SOS frameworks. We derive explicit expressions for the resulting interference-to-source ratio (ISR) matrix in terms of the association-matrices and of the sources' temporal covariance matrices. The validity of our analysis is illustrated in simulation.
Babesiosis: An Underdiagnosed Disease of Children (1992)

Babesiosis is a malaria-like illness caused by the intraerythrocytic parasite Babesia microti and is transmitted by the same tick that transmits Borrelia burgdorferi, the causative agent of Lyme disease. Babesiosis is well recognized in adult residents of southern New England and New York but has been described in only five children. To determine whether children are infected with B microti less often than are adults, a prospective serosurvey was carried out on Block Island, RI, where babesiosis is endemic. Randomly recruited subjects completed a questionnaire and provided a blood sample. Antibodies against B microti and B burgdorferi were measured using a standard indirect immunofluorescence assay and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, respectively. Of 574 subjects, 9% tested positive for B microti, including 12% of the 52 children (7 months through 16 years) and 8% of the 522 adults (not significant, P less than .6). Although babesiosis had not been diagnosed in any of the Babesia-seropositive subjects, 25% of the children and 20% of the adults reported symptoms compatible with this infection during the previous year. Of the 6 children and 45 adults seropositive for B burgdorferi, 17% and 14%, respectively, were also seropositive for B microti. It is concluded that children are infected with B microti no less frequently than are adults and that this infection is underdiagnosed in all age groups. Physicians who practice where Lyme disease is endemic should become familiar with the clinical presentation and diagnosis of babesiosis, both in adults and children.
Improved OFF-state breakdown voltage in AlGaN/GaN HEMTs grown on 150-mm diameter silicon-on-insulator (SOI) substrate (2012)

The AlGaN/GaN-based high-electron-mobility transistors (HEMTs) are suitable for discrete components in many high power and high frequency power electronics applications useful for communications, satellites, power amplifiers, inverters/converters for electric and/or hybrid vehicles. Presently, these devices are commonly grown on sapphire, silicon carbide, and recently on 100- to 200-mm diameter silicon substrates. For a large scale deployment of low cost GaN-based power electronic devices, silicon substrate offers tremendous opportunities due to mature back-end Si process technologies. However, GaN epilayers on large area Si substrates results in severe wafer bowing and cracking due to high thermal mismatch between nitride layer and the substrate. As an alternative to Si substrate, silicon-on-insulator (SOI) substrate has been used for the demonstration of GaN-based light emitting diodes (LEDs)[1]. To the best of our knowledge, the demonstration of AlGaN/GaN transistors on a thin SOI substrate is rather limited. In this study, we report on the growth and characteristics of AlGaN/GaN heterostructures (HSs) on 150-mm diameter Si(111) and SOI(111) substrates. In addition, fabrication of HEMTs and device characteristics will be discussed on the SOI platfrom.
Saxagliptin and Cardiovascular Outcomes in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (2013)

DPP-4 inhibition with saxagliptin did not increase or decrease the rate of ischemic events, though the rate of hospitalization for heart failure was increased. Although saxagliptin improves glycemic control, other approaches are necessary to reduce cardiovascular risk in patients with diabetes. (Funded by AstraZeneca and Bristol-Myers Squibb; SAVOR-TIMI 53 ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT01107886.).
Unravelling accommodation theories (2008)

Assistant Professor Alexis Tsorbatzoglou and Professor Andras Berta discuss the various theories presented to define the mechanism of accommodation.
Cloning and nucleotide sequence of a cDNA encoding the precursor of the barley toxin alpha-hordothionin (1986)

A cDNA library, prepared from developing barley endosperm, was screened for thionin recombinants. Clone pTH1 was that with the largest insert out of three identified. The longest reading frame in the 610-base-pair insert codes for a protein of 127 amino acids that includes an internal sequence of 45 amino acids, which is identical to that obtained for the alpha-hordothionin by direct protein sequencing. The deduced thionin sequence is preceded by a leader sequence of 18 residues and followed by a sequence that corresponds to an acidic protein of 64 amino acids. This structure supports previous evidence indicating that thionin is synthesized as a much larger precursor, which undergoes two processing steps: the cotranslational cleavage of a leader sequence and the post-translational one of a larger peptide. The size of the mRNA was estimated to be about 950 bases by Northern analysis. Thionin concentration in mature endosperm of barley cv. Bomi was about twice that of its high-lysine mutant Risø 1508. The same difference was observed in thionin mRNA in the corresponding developing endosperms, indicating that gene expression is partially blocked in the mutant at a pretranslational level.
Reaction chemistry of gossypol and its derivatives (2006)

Abstract Gossypol, a complex polyphenolic compound, is a naturally occurring highly colored yellow pigment found in the small intercellular pigment glands in the leaves, stems, roots, and seed of cotton plants. In cottonseed, gossypol contributes to its toxicity and therefore it is regarded as an unwanted processing component. It was not until its antitumor and male infertility activities were discovered that gossypol was considered as a valueadded natural product from cottonseed with useful physiological and chemical properties. These serendipitous discoveries created much excitement, and an enormous amount of research on gossypol has ensued. Since then, much research has focused on the preparation of suitable gossypol derivatives for medicinal applications. This review summarizes current knowledge about gossypol, its stereochemistry, tautomerism, and the many varied reactions the gossypol molecule can undergo.
System control for the Mobile Subscriber Equipment (MSE) tactical communications network (2003)

Inherent in the architecture of the MSE system is the capability to provide the communications management and control functions required to operate the communications for any Army Corps. Management and control of the MSE network is provided by a system control center (SCC). Issues discussed are SCC configurations, communications with the MSE network, SCC systems features, SCC deployment, and network management.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
A deficiency of lunatic fringe is associated with cystic dilation of the rete testis (2008)

Lunatic fringe belongs to a family of beta1-3 N-acetyltransferases that modulate the affinity of the Notch receptors for their ligands through the elongation of O-fucose moieties on their extracellular domain. A role for Notch signaling in vertebrate fertility has been predicted by the intricate expression of the Notch receptors and their ligands in the oocyte and granulosa cells of the ovary and the spermatozoa and Sertoli cells of the testis. It has been demonstrated that disruption of Notch signaling by inactivation of lunatic fringe led to infertility associated with pleiotropic defects in follicle development and meiotic maturation of oocytes. Lunatic fringe null males were found to be subfertile. Here, we report that gene expression data demonstrate that fringe and Notch signaling genes are expressed in the developing testis and the intratesticular ductal tract, predicting roles for this pathway during embryonic gonadogenesis and spermatogenesis. Spermatogenesis was not impaired in the majority of the lunatic fringe null males; however, spermatozoa were unilaterally absent in the epididymis of many mice. Histological and immunohistochemical analysis of these testes revealed the development of unilateral cystic dilation of the rete testis. Tracer dye experiments confirm a block in the connection between the rete testis and the efferent ducts. Further, the dye studies demonstrated that many lunatic fringe mutant males had partial blocks of the connection between the rete testis and the efferent ducts bilaterally.
Tissue Sample Collection for Proteomics Analysis (2008)

Successful collection of tissue samples for molecular analysis requires critical considerations. We describe here our procedure for tissue specimen collection for proteomic purposes with emphasis on the most important steps, including timing issues and the procedures for immediate freezing, storage, and microdissection of the cells of interest or "tissue targets" and the lysates for protein isolation for SELDI, MALDI, and 2DGE applications. The pathologist is at the cornerstone of this process and is an invaluable collaborator. In most institutions, pathologists are responsible for "tissue custody," and they closely supervise the tissue bank. In addition, they are optimally trained in histopathology in order to they assist investigators to correlate tissue morphology with molecular findings. In recent years, the advent of the laser capture microscope, a tool ideally designed for pathologists, has tremendously facilitated the efficiency of collecting tissue targets for molecular analysis.
Analysis of control strategies for a 3 phase 4 wire topology for transformerless solar inverters (2010)

Three different current control strategies including P+Resonant controller, PI-controller in dq0-reference frame and hysteresis controller for a three-phase-four-wire solar inverter are investigated and compared concerning their influences on the leakage current at the solar array, the grid harmonics, the step response and the resulting power losses in the power devices.
Analog Logic: Continuous-Time Analog Circuits for Statistical Signal Processing (2003)

This thesis proposes an alternate paradigm for designing computers using continuoustime analog circuits. Digital computation sacrifices continuous degrees of freedom. A principled approach to recovering them is to view analog circuits as propagating probabilities in a message passing algorithm. Within this framework, analog continuous-time circuits can perform robust, programmable, high-speed, low-power, cost-effective, statistical signal processing. This methodology will have broad application to systems which can benefit from low-power, high-speed signal processing and offers the possibility of adaptable/programmable high-speed circuitry at frequencies where digital circuitry would be cost and power prohibitive. Many problems must be solved before the new design methodology can be shown to be useful in practice: Continuous-time signal processing is not well understood. Analog computational circuits known as “soft-gates” have been previously proposed, but a complementary set of analog memory circuits is still lacking. Analog circuits are usually tunable, rarely reconfigurable, but never programmable. The thesis develops an understanding of the convergence and synchronization of statistical signal processing algorithms in continuous time, and explores the use of linear and nonlinear circuits for analog memory. An exemplary embodiment called the Noise Lock Loop (NLL) using these design primitives is demonstrated to perform direct-sequence spread-spectrum acquisition and tracking functionality and promises order-of-magnitude wins over digital implementations. A building block for the construction of programmable analog gate arrays, the “soft-multiplexer” is also proposed. Thesis Supervisor: Neil Gershenfeld Title: Associate Professor
Output density quantification of electricity generation by flowing deionized water on graphene (2020)

Energy conversion by water flowing over graphene is a promising mode of energy harvesting. However, the mechanism, energy-conversion efficiency, and quantification of power density for this mode of interfacial electricity generation remain unknown. Quantification of the output performance for the flow-induced electricity generation using graphene is presented in this work. The output performance per unit contact area between water and graphene is found to be proportional to the flow speed, with an electromotive force density of 0.0025 [μV/mm2/mm/s] for the conditions used in this work. The ability to quantify output density will help to construct guidelines for future applications of this form of electricity generation.
Structure and RNA recognition by the snRNA and snoRNA transport factor PHAX (2010)

Small nuclear and small nucleolar RNAs (snRNAs and snoRNAs) are critical components of snRNPs and snoRNPs and play an essential role in the maturation of, respectively, mRNAs and rRNAs within the nucleus of eukaryotic cells. Complex and specific pathways exist for the assembly of snRNPs and snoRNPs, involving, for instance, nucleocytoplasmic transport of snRNAs and intranuclear transport between compartments of snoRNAs. The phosphorylated adaptor for nuclear export (PHAX) is required for nuclear export of snRNAs in metazoans and also involved in the intranuclear transport of snoRNAs to Cajal bodies. PHAX contains a conserved single-stranded nucleic acid binding domain (RNA_GG_bind domain) with no sequence homology with any other known RNA-binding module. Here, we report NMR and X-ray crystallography studies that elucidate the structural basis for RNA recognition by the PHAX RNA-binding domain (PHAX-RBD). The crystal structure of the RNA_GG_bind domain from the parasite Cryptosporidium parvum (Cp RBD) forms well-folded dimers in solution in the absence of any ligand. The human PHAX-RBD is monomeric and only adopts a tertiary fold upon RNA binding. The PHAX-RBD represents a novel helical fold and binds single-stranded RNA with micromolar affinity without sequence specificity. RNA recognition by human PHAX-RBD is consistent with mutational analysis that affects RNA binding and PHAX-mediated nuclear export. Our data suggest that the PHAX-RBD mediates auxiliary RNA contacts with the snRNA and snoRNA substrates that are required for transport and/or substrate release.
Editorial: The management of low-grade glioma in adults (2015)

ross-total resection (GTR) of intrinsic low-grade gliomas (LGG) in the brain is often difficult given their infiltrative nature and the risk of neurological morbidity. Current data on the value of surgical treatment is mostly based on observational studies. 12 Consequently, the goal of maximum resection in patients with minimal symptoms remains controversial, despite the fact that those studies show improved overall survival (OS) after GTR. Recently, a population-based parallel cohort study conducted in Norway provided very good evidence of improved survival for patients with LGG treated using early surgery as opposed to watchful waiting, the best evidence so far arguing for the former approach. 3 Nevertheless, it has been argued that any incremental survival advantage in patients treated with GTR is simply a selffulfilling prophecy of selection bias. 12 Recent advances in our histopathological, molecular, and genetic understanding of LGG, however, have prompted more nuanced management strategies. Several significant demographic, clinical, and pathological prognostic factors that can aid the treatment team regarding the use of postoperative adjuvant therapy have been reported. 2 Advanced age, larger tumor volume, subtotal resection, and diffuse astrocytoma subtype have been found to be associated with unfavorable outcomes, and additional therapy has had a beneficial effect in patients with these features. 9,10 Recent advances in the molecular and genetic profiling of LGG have resulted in more accurate survival predictions, which has necessitated a thorough examination of the utility of adjuvant therapy after subtotal resection (STR). 6
1,10-(1-H-IMIDAZOL-5-YL)DECANEPHOSPHONIC ACID: A NEW COMPOUND WITH BASIC AND ACIDIC SITES TO FABRICATE PROTON-CONDUCTING SOLID ELECTROLYTES (2004)

2-(tert-butyldimethylsilyl)-5-(10-bromodecyl)-1-(N,N-dimethylsulfamoyl)-imidazole and NaPO3 Et2 react at room temperature to yield the corresponding imidazole diethyl phosphonate, which when refluxed with concentrated HBr yields 1,10-(1-H-imidazol-5-yl)decanephosphonic acid hydrobromide (VI). Compound VI titrated with the required mole equivalents of NaOH yields 1,10-(1-H-imidazol-5-yl)decanephosphonic acid (VII) and 1,10-(1-H-imidazol-5-yl)decane (sodium)phosphonates (VIII). CP-MAS NMR (13C, 31P, and 15N) and IR spectroscopy indicate that only compound VII is likely to yield a polymeric structure where each phosphonic acid group is H bonded to the imidazole ring of the same molecule and to the imidazole ring of another molecule. For this reason, solid-state proton conductivity in VII is likely to be favored.
DFT modeling of carbon incorporation in GaN(0001) and GaN(0001¯) metalorganic vapor phase epitaxy (2017)

The carbon incorporation mechanism in GaN(0001) and GaN(0001¯) during MOVPE was investigated using density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The results confirm that the crucial factors for carbon incorporation are Fermi level pinning and accompanying surface band bending. In addition, the lattice symmetry has a strong dependence on the stability of carbon in a few subsurface layers, which results from interactions between the impurities and surface states. It was shown that these effects are responsible for facilitating or hindering the incorporation of impurities and dopants. The influence of diluent gas species (hydrogen or nitrogen) on carbon incorporation was discussed.