gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Study on the Interaction between Soil and the Five-Claw Combination of a Mole Using the Discrete Element Method (2018)

A mole is a born digger spending its entire existence digging tunnels. The five claws of a mole's hand are combinative to cut soil powerfully and efficiently. However, little was known in detail about the interaction between the soil and the five-claw combination. In this study, we simulated the soil cutting process of the five-claw combination using the discrete element method (DEM) as an attempt for the potential design of soil-engaging tools to reduce soil resistance. The five-claw combination moved horizontally in the soil bin. Soil forces (draught and vertical forces) and soil failure (soil rupture distance ratio) were measured at different rake angles and speeds. Results showed that the draught and vertical forces varied nonlinearly as the rake angle increased from 10 to 90°, and both changed linearly with the speed increasing from 1 to 5 m/s. The curve of the soil rupture distance ratio with rake angles could be better described using a quadric function, but the speed had little effect on the soil rupture distance ratio. Notably, the soil rupture distance ratio of the five-claw combination in simulation was on average 19.6% lower than the predicted ratio of simple blades at different rake angles indicating that the five-claw combination could make less soil failure and thereby produce lower soil resistance. Given the draught and vertical forces, the performance of the five-claw combination was optimized at the rake angle of 30°.
Design of a leaky-wave antenna for broadside radiation (2006)

This paper presents a technique to shift the frequency of the leaky-wave stop band, thereby allowing efficient broadside radiation of the n = -1 spatial harmonic. This technique can be used for any periodic antenna structure operating in the leaky-wave band. To demonstrate the technique, a microstrip line over a periodic lattice of holes is investigated. This structure, previously studied in N. Gagnon et al., (2004), was selected due to its simplicity. It is shown that the broadside gain can be significantly improved by periodically perturbing the spacing of the hole lattice
Oligomeric Regulation of Ribonucleotide Reductase (RNR) by Antileukemic Nucleotides (2015)

Human RNR (hRNR) is the rate‐limiting enzyme for the de novo dNTP synthesis required for DNA replication and repair. hRNR activity is positively correlated with cancer cell proliferation and nucleotide analogs that can suppress hRNR activity such as gemcitabine and clofarabine (ClF) are proven effective in chemotherapy. However, the precise mechanisms by which many of the nucleoside prodrugs inhibit hRNR are unknown in most cases. The active hRNR is minimally an α 2 β 2 holocomplex. Leukemia drug ClF is shown to inhibit hRNR through persistent hexamerization of α (α 6 ) without requiring β. We hypothesize that α hexamerization is a universal mechanism by which antileukemic nucleotides inhibit hRNR, ultimately presenting a powerful small‐molecule approach to regulate hRNR. To test this hypothesis, I have sought to establish the mechanisms of hRNR inhibition by two additional clinically used nucleoside prodrugs—cladribine (CLA) and fludarabine (FLU). My studies have revealed that di‐ and triphosphates are active forms of both drugs that reversibly inhibit hRNR. CLA nucleotides [CLAD(T)P] are more potent than FLU nucleotides [FLUD(T)P] ( K i = 0.8, 0.1, 4.9 and 6.6 µM, respectively). In all cases, enzyme inhibition is coupled to α 6 formation. We further validate in NIH‐3T3 cells stably expressing wild type α and hexamerization‐defective mutant α that hRNR inhibition by these nucleosides is directly correlated with oligomeric deregulation in cellular environment.
Transfer Function Formulation of Constrained Distributed Parameter Systems, Part II: Applications (1993)

In this paper, the application of the transfer function formulation and the generalized displacement method (GDM) to the analysis of constrained distributed parameter systems is illustrated. Two kinds of classical examples are considered. In the constrained free-free beam example, it is shown how the GDM gives the eigensolutions without requiring knowledge of the normal modes of the unconstrained beam. In the string on a partial elastic foundation example, mode localization and eigenvalue loci veering phenomena are examined. It is shown that mode localizaation can occur in spatially symmetric systems and for modes whose frequency loci do not veer.
Phosphorylation and functional modifications of sarcoplasmic reticulum and myofibrils in isolated rabbit hearts stimulated with isoprenaline (1985)

Isoprenaline stimulation of perfused rabbit hearts was associated with simultaneous phosphorylation of proteins in the myofilaments and phospholamban in the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR). Hearts were perfused with Krebs-Henseleit buffer containing [32P]Pi, freeze-clamped in a control condition or at the peak of the inotropic response to isoprenaline, and myofibrils and SR were prepared from the same hearts. Stimulation of 32P incorporation in troponin I (TnI) and C-protein by isoprenaline was associated with a decrease in Ca2+-sensitivity of the myofibrillar Mg2+-dependent ATPase activity. Stimulation of 32P incorporation in SR by isoprenaline was associated with an increase in the initial rates of oxalate-facilitated Ca2+ transport, assayed with SR vesicles in either microsomal fractions or homogenates from the perfused hearts. These findings provide evidence that phosphorylation of TnI, C-protein and phospholamban in the intact cell is associated with functional alterations of the myofibrils and SR which may be responsible in part for the effects of catecholamines on the mammalian myocardium.
IoTGuard: Scalable and agile safeguards for Internet of Things (2016)

The Internet of Things (IoT) is emerging as a force to be reckoned with on the internet and in the economy overall. The IoT is being incorporated into home, hospital and smart grid infrastructures. However, the IoT brings with it a host of potential new security breaches and attacks. This paper proposes IoTGuard as a multi-dimensional security framework to protect against such IoT attacks. It is made up of different systems that will detect abnormal traffic on IoT devices, identify malicious traffic patterns, and monitor IoT device system status. Through this intertwined system architecture, IoTGuard aims to monitor and inspect all traffic from IoT devices. The experimental results demonstrate a promising security architecture to protect the IoT environment.
Antibodies elicited by mRNA-1273 vaccination bind more broadly to the receptor binding domain than do those from SARS-CoV-2 infection (2021)

The emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants with mutations in key antibody epitopes has raised concerns that antigenic evolution could erode adaptive immunity elicited by prior infection or vaccination. The susceptibility of immunity to viral evolution is shaped in part by the breadth of epitopes targeted by antibodies elicited by vaccination or natural infection. To investigate how human antibody responses to vaccines are influenced by viral mutations, we used deep mutational scanning to compare the specificity of polyclonal antibodies elicited by either two doses of the mRNA-1273 COVID-19 vaccine or natural infection with SARS-CoV-2. The neutralizing activity of vaccine-elicited antibodies was more targeted to the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein compared to antibodies elicited by natural infection. However, within the RBD, binding of vaccine-elicited antibodies was more broadly distributed across epitopes compared to infection-elicited antibodies. This greater binding breadth means that single RBD mutations have less impact on neutralization by vaccine sera compared to convalescent sera. Therefore, antibody immunity acquired by natural infection or different modes of vaccination may have a differing susceptibility to erosion by SARS-CoV-2 evolution.
Synthesis and structural characterization of a molecular plutonium(iv) compound constructed from dimeric building blocks (2007)

Single crystals of Na(8)Pu(2)(O(2))(2)(CO(3))(6) x 12H(2)O, exhibiting bridging mu(2),eta(2)-O(2) ligands in unprecedented Pu(IV) dimeric units, were obtained at ambient temperature from an aqueous Pu(IV) peroxide carbonate solution.
IC‐P‐055: Longitudinal analysis of cortical thickness in PiB+ and PiB‐ healthy elderly controls (2012)

Previous studies have shown that Aβ plaques are likely to exhibit local effects on cortical grey matter only at early stages of the disease, sometimes even before cognitive symptoms arise. Understanding when and where cortical neurodegeneration starts may provide insights into the pathogenesis of AD. In this study, we examined cognitively unimpaired elderly subjects, termed healthy controls (HC). While the majority of the HC present with low neocortical PiB retention, ∼30% present with high PiB retention. In this abstract, we evaluate the progressive loss of cortical thickness (CTL) in HC with large and low PiB retention independently. As part of the Australian Imaging, Biomarker and Lifestyle study, 53 HC underwent MRI and 11C-PIB PET scans every 18 months over 3 years. PiB scans were normalised using the standardized uptake value ratio (SUVR) method. A SUVR threshold of 1.5 was use to differentiate subjects with high PiB retention (PiB+) from those with low retention (PiB-). Based on this threshold, 15 HC (28%) were classified as PiB+, while 38 HC (72%) were deemed PIB-. The cortical thickness values from the baseline and follow-ups MRI were mapped onto their associated baseline WM/GM interface surface. Cortical thickness differences were corrected for age and years of education. All baseline surfaces were registered to a common surface to generate population statistics. While the PiB- HC group exhibited some CTL, CTL was faster in PiB+ HC than in PiB- HC especially in the temporal (P = 0.05), posterior cingulate, and hippocampal regions. (Fig 1) No significant CTL was observed in the frontal areas in any of the groups. When compared to the 18 month scans, CTL was more extensive at 36 months in PiB+ HC but no significant progression was observed in PiB- HC. Progression of the cortical thickness loss (in mm/year) for elder HC PiB-negative and HC PiB-positive. The two follow-up scans were taken 18 and 36 months after the baseline ones. High Aβ burden is associated with faster CTL, suggesting an early neurodegenerative effect of Aβ in asymptomatic individuals. The pattern of CTL also suggests that certain areas of the brain, e.g. the temporal lobe, might be more susceptible/vulnerable to Aβ than others.
Additive manufacturing of metal/ceramic metamaterial structures for RF applications [Abstract] (2018)

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Quantitation of Human Peripheral Blood T and B Lymphocytes (1975)

Centrifugation of heparinized peripheral blood on Ficoll-Hypaque under defined conditions is a most common method of lymphocyte purification in clinical studies. A loss of 25-30% of lymphocytes may occur during this procedure due to incomplete recovery of lymphocytes from the plasma layer after the gradient centrifugation and/or to poor recovery during the washing process. The loss is not selective since T and B cells are lost in the same proportions as determied by several different methods for T and B cell identification. Quantitation of T and B lymphocytes in terms of total number/mm-3 of peripheral blood is necessary in order to determine deficiencies in either of these two cell populations. The percentage values are inadequate in clinical evaluations. Thus, patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia show elevated absolute number of T cells absolute numbers of T and B cells as well as percentages ought to be reported in all clinical studies.
Mind Wandering and the Incubation Effect in Insight Problem Solving (2015)

Although many anecdotes suggest that creative insights often arise during mind wandering, empirical research is still sparse. In this study, the number reduction task (NRT) was used to assess whether insightful solutions were related to mind wandering during the incubation stage of the creative process. An experience sampling paradigm was used to provide an online measure of mind wandering while participants performed a sustained attention response task (SART). Participants were 91 Chinese college students. The results showed that participants who gained insights of the hidden regularity in the NRT (or the solvers) reported significantly more mind wandering during incubation than those who did not gain insights (or the non-solvers). Moreover, the solvers also rated themselves higher in overall creativity on the Exercise in Divergent Feeling (Williams, 1979 Williams, F. E. (1979). Assessing creativity across williams cube model. Gifted Child Quarterly, 23, 748–756.[Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]) than did the nonsolvers. The two groups, however, did not differ in other characteristics, such as working memory capacity and motivation. These results suggest that mind wandering may play an important role in solving insight problems.
Structural Determinants of PERK Inhibitor Potency and Selectivity (2010)

The unfolded protein response (UPR) is a coordinated program that promotes cell survival under conditions of endoplasmic reticulum stress and is required in tumor progression as well. To date, no specific small molecule inhibitor targeting this pathway has been identified. Pancreatic endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK), one of the UPR transducers, is an eIF2α kinase. Compromising PERK function inhibits tumor growth in mice, suggesting that PERK may be a cancer drug target, but identifying a specific inhibitor of any kinase is challenging. The goal of this study was to identify some pair-wise receptor-ligand atomic contacts that confer selective PERK inhibition. Compounds selectively inhibiting PERK-mediated phosphorylation in vitro were identified using an initial virtual library screen, followed by structure-activity hypothesis testing. The most potent PERK selective inhibitors utilize three specific kinase active site contacts that, when absent from chemically similar compounds, abrogates the inhibition: (i) a strong van der Waals contact with PERK residue Met7, (ii) interactions with the N-terminal portion of the activation loop, and (iii) groups providing electrostatic complementarity to Asp144. Interestingly, the activation loop contact is required for PERK selectivity to emerge. Understanding these structure-activity relationships may accelerate rational PERK inhibitor design.
Design and analysis of a high-performance shipping container for large payloads (1995)

The packaging, designated the H1636A is a high-performing packageing for large payloads. The H1636A is 50 in. in diameter and 113 in. in length and weighs approximately 4600 lb when empty. The design objective was to meet 1996 proposed IAEA Type C criteria for air transport of large quantities of radioactive material (RAM). That is, the package should survive the standard Type B tests and more severe tests such as an impact onto an unyielding target at 280 ft/s and a one-hour jet fuel fire. The packaging consists of a large double-walled stainless steel outer drum filled with uniform density polyurethane foam. A stainless steel containment vessel (CV) with an inside diameter of 23 in. and a length of 78 in. carries the RAM. The CV has a nominal thickness of 0.375 in. and seals with two elastomeric 0-rings. The lid of the CV is joined to the body with a unique closure called a tape joint. The tape joint utilizes interlocking features preloaded with wedges and can withstand significant deformation.
No effect of short-term 17β-estradiol supplementation in healthy men on systemic inflammatory responses to exercise (2005)

Sex-based differences in inflammatory responses to exercise may be mediated by estrogen through increased muscle membrane stability and/or inhibited cytokine production. In this study, in vivo effects of estrogen on systemic inflammation-related responses to exercise were assessed in healthy men. In a double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover design, 11 men cycled for 90 min at 65% Vo2 max after 8 days of 17beta-estradiol supplementation (ES; 2 mg/day) or placebo (PL; glucose polymer). After a 2-wk washout, exercise was repeated after 8 days on the alternate treatment. Blood was collected pre- and postexercise to determine IL-6, soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1), neutrophil counts, and cortisol. Preexercise serum was assayed for sex hormones. ES increased estradiol (133+/-71 to 840+/-633 pmol/l, P=0.005) and reduced testosterone (19.9+/-3.7 to 16.1+/-3.9 nmol/l, P=0.007). Exercise increased cortisol (P=0.02), IL-6 (P<0.001) and neutrophil counts (P<0.001) with no influence on sICAM-1 (P=0.34) and no effect of ES on these changes. Postexercise IL-6 and neutrophil counts were correlated (r=0.58, P=0.005); postexercise IL-6 and cortisol (r=0.18, P=0.43) and postexercise cortisol and neutrophil counts (r=0.06, P=0.78) were not. Postexercise sICAM-1 was not correlated with the above variables (P>or=0.79). In conclusion, 8 days of ES in healthy men did not influence systemic inflammation-related responses to acute exercise. Future studies should investigate 17beta-estradiol effects on IL-6 production and neutrophil infiltration within skeletal muscle during and after exercise.
Use of Ileum as Ureteral Replacement in Urological Reconstruction (2008)

In 68.1% of patients indications for an ileal ureter included radiation induced stricture or iatrogenic injury. The ileal ureter is a reasonable option for long-term ureteral reconstruction with preserved renal function in carefully selected patients.
Letermovir for cytomegalovirus prophylaxis in high‐risk heart transplant recipients (2022)

Letermovir is a novel agent for the prevention of cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection and disease that, unlike traditional CMV DNA polymerase inhibitors, does not carry the risk of myelosuppression. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the safety, efficacy, and clinical application of letermovir for CMV prophylaxis in heart transplant (HT) recipients. Between November 1, 2019, and October 1, 2021, at a single, tertiary care hospital, 17 HT recipients were initiated on letermovir due to leukopenia while on valganciclovir. Fifteen (88%) had high-risk mismatch (CMV D+/R-). Median time on letermovir was 5 months (interquartile range, 2-8 months.) At the end of the study period, nine of 17 patients (52.9%) were still on letermovir and four of the 17 (23.5%) had successfully completed the prophylaxis window on letermovir and been switched to the pre-emptive strategy. One patient developed clinically significant CMV viremia in the setting of being unable to obtain medication due to insurance barriers but was later successfully restarted on letermovir. One patient was unable to tolerate letermovir due to symptoms of headache and myalgias. Two patients developed low-level non-clinically significant CMV viremia and were switched back to valacyclovir. All patients had tacrolimus dosages reduced at time of letermovir initiation to minimize the risk of supratherapeutic tacrolimus concentration. One patient required hospitalization due to symptomatic tacrolimus toxicity. For HT recipients who cannot tolerate valganciclovir, letermovir presents an alternative for CMV prophylaxis. Close monitoring for breakthrough CMV and calcineurin inhibitor levels is necessary. Larger studies are required to further delineate its use and help provide further evidence of its safety and efficacy.
ChemInform Abstract: A Parallel Right‐Handed Duplex of the Hexamer d(TpTpTpTpTpT) with Phosphate Triester Linkages. (1987)

Abstract The formation of thymine‐thymine base pairs in aqueous solution is investigated for derivatives of d(TpT) and d(TpTpTpTpTpT) with methylated phosphate groups.
Conservation of human vs. feline genome organization revealed by reciprocal chromosome painting (1997)

We employed fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) with probes established by flow sorting metaphase chromosomes of the domestic cat (Felis cattus, 2n = 38) to "paint" homologous segments on human chromosomes and, reciprocally, using human chromosome paints on feline metaphase preparations. The results revealed, by direct microscopic observation, widespread conservation of genome organization between the two mammalian orders and confirmed 90% of the homologous genes mapped to both species. Fourteen of 23 human chomosomes were hybridized with single cat probes, and 9 of 19 cat chromosomes were entirely labeled by a single human probe. All other chromosomes were labeled with only two or, at most, three probes of the respective species. Y-chromosome probes gave no signals. Approximately 30 syntenic segments were identified, and the number of translocations could be estimated to be on the order of one new translocation per 10 million years in the phylogenetic lines leading to human and cat. Using the principle of maximum parsimony, the primitive vs. derived human chromosome segments were identified by comparison to the feline, cattle, and pig genomes, a first step in reconstructing the evolutionary heritage of the mammalian radiations. The results suggest that reciprocal chromosome painting will help reconstruct the history of genomic changes by determining the polarity of chromosomal rearrangements and establishing the ancestral karyotype for each principle branching point in mammalian evolution.
Loss of Raltegravir Susceptibility by Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Is Conferred via Multiple Nonoverlapping Genetic Pathways (2009)

The human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) integrase mutations N155H and Q148R(H)(K) that reduce susceptibility to the integrase inhibitor raltegravir have been identified in patients failing treatment regimens containing raltegravir. Whether these resistance mutations occur individually or in combination within a single virus genome has not been defined, nor do we fully understand the impact of these primary mutations and other secondary mutations on raltegravir susceptibility and viral replication capacity. To address these important questions, we investigated the raltegravir susceptibility and replication capacity of viruses containing mutations at positions 155 and 148 separately or in combination with secondary mutations selected in subjects failing treatment regimens containing raltegravir. Clonal analysis demonstrated that N155H and Q148R(H)(K) occur independently, not in combination. Viruses containing a Q148R(H)(K) mutation generally displayed larger reductions in raltegravir susceptibility than viruses with an N155H mutation. Analysis of site-directed mutants indicated that E92Q in combination with N155H resulted in a higher level of resistance to raltegravir than N155H alone. Viruses containing a Q148R(H) mutation together with a G140S mutation were more resistant to raltegravir than viruses containing a Q148R(H) mutation alone; however, viruses containing G140S and Q148K were more susceptible to raltegravir than viruses containing a Q148K mutation alone. Both N155H and Q148R(H)(K) mutations reduced the replication capacity, while the addition of secondary mutations either improved or reduced the replication capacity depending on the primary mutation. This study demonstrates distinct genetic pathways to resistance in subjects failing raltegravir regimens and defines the effects of primary and secondary resistance mutations on raltegravir susceptibility and replication capacity.