gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Clinical Nomogram Predicting Pathologic Lymph Node Involvement in Esophageal Cancer Patients (2010)

In Brief Background: Esophageal cancer patients with pathologic lymph-node involvement (pN1) generally have a poor prognosis with surgery alone. We, therefore, constructed a nomogram to predict the risk of pN1 prior to surgical resection and externally validated the clinical utility of the model. Methods: A total of 273 esophageal adenocarcinoma patients treated with surgery alone were reviewed from 2 different institutions (University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center = 164, training set; University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry = 109, validation set). Pretreatment clinical parameters were used to construct a nomogram for predicting the risk of pN1. Internal and external validation of the nomogram was performed to assess clinical utility. Results: Of the 164 patients in the training set, 56 patients (34%) had lymph-node involvement (pN1). Significant factors associated with pN1 on univariable logistic regression analysis (using a P < 0.05) included endoscopically determined clinical tumor depth (cT), clinical nodal (cN) status, and clinical tumor length (cL). Multivariable analysis suggested the significant independent factors were cT (odds ratio, 5.6; 95% confidence interval, 1.7–18.6; P < 0.01) and cL >2 cm (odds ratio, 7.0; 95% confidence interval, 2.7–18.1; P < 0.001). Regression tree analysis was used to determine the best cutoff for cL. A nomogram was created for pN1 using these clinical parameters and was internally validated by bootstrapping with a predicted accuracy of 85.1%. External validation performed on the validation set demonstrated an original C-index of 0.777 suggesting good clinical utility. Conclusions: Our analyses demonstrate that the risk of pathologic nodal involvement in esophageal adenocarcinoma patients can be estimated by this clinical nomogram, which will allow the identification of patients at high-risk of harboring positive lymph-nodes, who may be candidates for en bloc resection and/or neoadjuvant treatment. Pathological lymph node involvement portends a poor prognosis for patients with esophageal cancer. However, it is difficult to identify these patients with current imaging methods. The purpose of this study was to identify reliable clinical factors that can be used to identify patients with N1 disease, who may eventually benefit from neoadjuvant therapy.
The proportion of 1,3-migration of a methyl group in the reactions of the iodide (Me3Si)3CSi(CD3)2I with silver salts in alcohols. Mechanistic implications (1997)

In the reactions of the isotopically labelled (Me3Si)3CSi(CD3)2I, 1-D, with alcohols ROH (R = Me, Et, Pri or But) in the presence of silver salts AgX (X = ClO4, O3SCF3, O2CCF3, NO3 or BF4) the ratio of the rearranged product (Me3Si)2C[Si(CD3)2Me]SiMe 2OR to unrearranged (Me3Si)3CSi(CD3)2OR always falls below the value of 1∶1 expected for capture of an intermediate methyl-bridged cation [(Me3Si)2CSiMe2-Me-S i(CD3)2]+, II, by nucleophilic attack of the alcohol at either end of the bridge. For example, in the reaction with AgClO4 the percentages of rearranged product are 26, 22 and 37 (all values ±8) for R = Me, Et and Pri, respectively, at room temperature and the corresponding figures at the reflux temperature are 29, 40, 41 and 44 (all ±8) for Me, Et, Pri and But. Thus the reaction cannot proceed exclusively by direct formation of a fully free cation II as assumed in the simplest picture. It is concluded that ad hoc modification of this simple picture, for example, by postulating some pre-association of an alcohol molecule at the Si–I bond in 1-D, is preferable to possible alternative mechanisms, such as one involving initial formation of an unbridged cation [(Me3Si)3CSi(CD3)2] which can sometimes be captured before conversion into II. The alkoxide products are accompanied by some (Me3Si)3CSi(CD3)2X and (Me3Si)2C[Si(CD3)2Me]SiMe 2X (from AgBF4, X = F in both cases) and the corresponding hydroxides, the proportion of rearranged product always being significantly below 50%. In the reactions with AgClO4 or AgO3SCF3 the silicon hydroxides are mainly produced by hydrolysis of initially formed perchlorates or trifluoromethanesulfonates by traces of water in the solvents, but for the other silver salts they arise virtually wholly by capture of the intermediate cation by the water.
Fruit thinning with chemical sprays / (1951)

factors affect-INO OSUMLS eh te eer A an 22) imiteratuTe Cited en Fike, f= 44 1 Italic numbers in parentheses refer to Literature Cited
A Comprehensive Introduction (2023)

This article gives a comprehensive introduction into one of the main branches of evolutionary computation - the evolution strategies (ES) the history of which dates back to the 1960s in Germany. Starting from a survey of history the philosophical background is explained in order to make understandable why ES are realized in the way they are. Basic ES algorithms and design principles for variation and selection operators as well as theoretical issues are presented, and future branches of ES research are discussed.
Extending the L-band to 1620 nm Using MCS Fiber (2001)

Compositional modifications to the base MCS (antimony silicate) glass composition permit extension of useable L-band gain from 1615 to 1620 nm. This is achieved by shifting the signal excited state absorption band to longer wavelengths.
Location coding for mobile image retrieval (2010)

For mobile image retrieval, efficient data transmission can be achieved by sending only the query features. Each query feature is composed of a descriptor and a location in the image. The former is used to find candidate matching images using a “bag-of-words ” approach while the latter is used in a geometric consistency check to map features in the query image to corresponding features in the database image. We investigate how to compress the location information and how lossy compression affects the geometric consistency check. The location information is converted into a location histogram and a context-based arithmetic coding with location refinement method is then proposed to code the histogram. The effects of lossily compressing the location information are evaluated empirically in terms of the errors in corresponding features and the error of the estimated geometric transformation model. From our experiments, rates at ∼5.1 bits per feature can achieve errors comparable to lossless coding. The proposed scheme achieves a 12.5 × rate reduction compared to the floating point representation, and 2.8 × rate reduction compared to a fixed point representation.
A Mathematical Expression of Three-Dimensional Configuration of the Scoliotic Spine (1996)

Three-dimensional configuration of the scoliotic spine was mathematically expressed by a spatial curve passing through each vertebral centroid ("vertebral body line"). Three-dimensional location of the vertebral centroid was determined from digitization on the frontal and sagittal roentgenograms. Cobb angle, which is clinically used for measuring scoliosis curvature, was calculated in space to evaluate scoliosis deformity three-dimensionally. In forty-five scoliotic spines, regardless of curvature and curve patterns, the spinal configurations were excellently approximated by vertebral body lines. Vertebral body lines swerved from the sagittal plane at the end vertebrae, but aligned on a certain plane within the scoliosis region. Three-dimensional Cobb angle, which was larger than that in the frontal plane, can be utilized to evaluate the scoliosis deformity.
[Mechanisms and role of lymphangiogenesis in cancer metastasis]. (2003)

An important critical point in tumor progression is the acquisition of metastatic potential. The presence of metastases in regional lymph nodes is an indicator of poor survival. The vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) family of growth factors and receptors is involved in vasculogenesis and angiogenesis. Among them, VEGF-C and VEGF-D regulate the lymphatic vessels development and growth via their binding to their receptor VEGFR3. The expression of VEGF-C or VEGF-D is demonstrated in various human tumors and can be used as pronostic factors in some of them. With the aid of these molecules and the discovery of specific lymphatic markers, lymphatic endothelial cells can be isolated and lymphatic vessels can be identified within tumors. The role of lymphangiogenesis in promoting the metastatic spread of tumor cells has been studied in animal models.
Control of hemoglobin expression in chick embryonic development. (1982)

We have investigated the presence or absence of methylation of cytosine (5-MeCpG) at specific sites of the chick alpha-globin gene cluster in DNA from embryonic and adult erythroid cells, as well as from brain and sperm cells. We find that these sites are totally methylated in sperm DNA and, with some exceptions, in brain DNA. In erythroid cells no methylation or undermethylation is found in certain sites that are in or near those globin genes that are expressed in embryonic or adult cells, respectively, as predicted by the model. Other sites, away from these genes, do not necessarily follow the prediction. We have also detected a cluster of 5-MeCpC methylation sites in all tissues which is 5' to the alpha-globin cluster.
Early Inflammatory Responses following Cell Grafting in the CNS Trigger Activation of the Subventricular Zone: A Proposed Model of Sequential Cellular Events (2014)

While multiple rodent preclinical studies, and to a lesser extent human clinical trials, claim the feasibility, safety, and potential clinical benefit of cell grafting in the central nervous system (CNS), currently only little convincing knowledge exists regarding the actual fate of the grafted cells and their effect on the surrounding environment (or vice versa). Our preceding studies already indicated that only a minor fraction of the initially grafted cell population survives the grafting process, while the surviving cell population becomes invaded by highly activated microglia/macrophages and surrounded by reactive astrogliosis. In the current study, we further elaborate on early cellular and inflammatory events following syngeneic grafting of eGFP(+) mouse embryonic fibroblasts (mEFs) in the CNS of immunocompetent mice. Based on obtained quantitative histological data, we here propose a detailed mathematically derived working model that sequentially comprises hypoxia-induced apoptosis of grafted mEFs, neutrophil invasion, neoangiogenesis, microglia/macrophage recruitment, astrogliosis, and eventually survival of a limited number of grafted mEFs. Simultaneously, we observed that the cellular events following mEF grafting activates the subventricular zone neural stem and progenitor cell compartment. This proposed model therefore further contributes to our understanding of cell graft-induced cellular responses and will eventually allow for successful manipulation of this intervention.
Esclerosis múltiple: aproximación epidemiológico-genética en habitantes de Antioquia, Colombia. Desequilibrio de ligamiento al HLA Dqa (2000)

Similar results have been described in other Caucasian populations living in non tropical areas. Before results could indicate that the Caucasoid populations genetic component implied in the susceptibility to MS have remained in Paisa community, whether the environmental component, being meaningful to develop MS.
Signal Transduction via CD44: Role of Plasma Membrane Microdomains (1999)

CD44 is the principal cell surface receptor for extracellular matrix glycosaminoglycan hyaluronan. CD44-hyaluronan mediated cell adhesion is important in several pathophysiological processes such as inflammation and metastatic spread of cancer cells. It has been recently recognized that CD44 also functions as a signaling receptor in a variety of cell types. Cell stimulation by monoclonal anti-CD44 antibody or natural CD44 ligands activate several signaling pathways that culminate in cell proliferation, cytokine secretion, chemokine gene expression and cytolytic effector functions. One of the earliest signaling events following stimulation via CD44 is tyrosine phosphorylation of intracellular proteins substrates, and CD44 mediated cellular activation could be abolished by protein tyrosine kinase (PTK) inhibitors. The Src-family non-receptor PTKs such as Lck, Fyn, Lyn and Hck were shown to be coupled to CD44 via sphingolipid-rich microdomains (lipid rafts) of the plasma membrane. Studies on T cell receptor and IgE receptor mediated signaling in lymphocytes and mast cells have consolidated the notion that microdomains consist of signaling platforms where components of multiple signaling pathways are assembled. Co-isolation of CD44 with microdomains strongly suggests that CD44 generates cellular activation signals utilizing the signaling machinery of the plasma membrane microdomains.
Extending COLOSSUS to Cover Compensation for Future Economic Loss (1992)

Abstract COLOSSUS is a mainframe‐based expert system jointly developed by Continuum Australia and GIO (General Insurance Organization) for the assessment of third‐party claims. COLOSSUS has been in production for over two years and is accessible throughout all GIO regions in New South Wales, Australia. In this paper we describe the extension of COLOSSUS to cater for future economic loss to a claimant. Because of the diversity of knowledge sources in the insurance domain, we have adopted a highly interactive approach that requires successive user confirmations during a consultation. The practicality of our knowledge engineering approach is highlighted by examining several difficult issues. Design issues are also addressed with particular reference to clarity and ease of maintenance. An annotated report of a sample run is enclosed.
Selective cleavage of the mycinose sugar from the macrolide antibiotic tylosin: a unique glycosidic scission (1979)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSelective cleavage of the mycinose sugar from the macrolide antibiotic tylosin: a unique glycosidic scissionArthur A. Nagel and Lawrence A. VincentCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1979, 44, 12, 2050–2052Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1979Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1979https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01326a043https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01326a043research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views187Altmetric-Citations7LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Direct Observation of Microbial Adhesion to Membranes (2005)

Direct microscopic observation and an interfacial force model were used to better understand and control microbial adhesion to polymeric ultrafiltration membranes. The model was used to predict a "critical flux", below which cells deposited reversibly, and direct observation was used to visually quantify cell deposition and removal. In preliminary direct observation experiments, permeate reversal (backpulsing) was more effective than cross-flow hydrodynamics at removing deposited cells. In experiments conducted below the critical flux, no cell accumulation was observed over repeated forward-reverse filtration cycles; however, a small fraction of cells deposited irreversibly regardless of the flux, membrane, or solution chemistry. The fraction of irreversibly deposited cells was consistent with the equilibrium surface coverage attained without permeation (i.e., due to heterogeneous adsorption). Although steric forces were not invoked to establish a critical flux, when operating above the critical flux, a balance between permeation drag and steric repulsion appeared to determine the strength of adhesion of cells to membranes. Direct observation also confirmed that above the critical flux fouling occurred and pressure losses accumulated over several backpulse cycles, whereas below the critical flux there were no observable pressure losses or fouling.
A comparative analysis of complete chloroplast genomes of seven Ocotea species (Lauraceae) confirms low sequence divergence within the Ocotea complex (2022)

The genus Ocotea (Lauraceae) includes about 450 species, of which about 90% are Neotropical, while the rest is from Macaronesia, Africa and Madagascar. In this study we present the first complete chloroplast genome sequences of seven Ocotea species, six Neotropical and one from Macaronesia. Genome sizes range from 152,630 (O. porosa) to 152,685 bp (O. aciphylla). All seven plastomes contain a total of 131 (114 unique) genes, among which 87 (80 unique) encode proteins. The order of genes (if present) is the same in all Lauraceae examined so far. Two hypervariable loci were found in the LSC region (psbA-trnH, ycf2), three in the SSC region (ycf1, ndhH, trnL(UAG)-ndhF). The pairwise cp genomic alignment between the taxa showed that the LSC and SSC regions are more variable compared to the IR regions. The protein coding regions comprise 25,503-25,520 codons in the Ocotea plastomes examined. The most frequent amino acids encoded in the plastomes were leucine, isoleucine, and serine. SSRs were found to be more frequent in the two dioecious Neotropical Ocotea species than in the four bisexual species and the gynodioecious species examined (87 vs. 75-84 SSRs). A preliminary phylogenetic analysis based on 69 complete plastomes of Lauraceae species shows the seven Ocotea species as sister group to Cinnamomum sensu lato. Sequence divergence among the Ocotea species appears to be much lower than among species of the most closely related, likewise species-rich genera Cinnamomum, Lindera and Litsea.
Cryopreservation of infectious Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts achieved through vitrification using high aspect ratio specimen containers (2020)

Infection with protozoa of the genus Cryptosporidium is a leading cause of child morbidity and mortality associated with diarrhea in the developing world. Research on this parasite has been impeded by many technical limitations, including the lack of cryopreservation methods. While cryopreservation of Cryptosporidium oocysts by vitrification was recently achieved, the method is restricted to small sample volumes, thereby limiting widespread implementation of this procedure. Here, a second-generation method is described for cryopreservation of C. parvum oocysts by vitrification using custom high aspect ratio specimen containers, which enable a 100-fold increase in sample volume compared to previous methods. Oocysts cryopreserved using the described protocol exhibit high viability, maintain in vitro infectivity, and are infectious to interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) knockout mice. Importantly, the course of the infection is comparable to that observed in mice infected with unfrozen oocysts. Vitrification of C. parvum oocysts in larger volumes will expedite progress of research by enabling the sharing of isolates among different laboratories and the standardization of clinical trials.
Structural Requirements for Bone Sialoprotein Binding and Modulation of Matrix Metalloproteinase-2 (2008)

Bone sialoprotein (BSP) has been shown to induce limited gelatinase activity in latent matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) without removal of the propeptide and to restore enzymatic activity to MMP-2 previously inhibited by tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (TIMP2). The current study identifies structural domains in human BSP and MMP-2 that contribute to these interactions. The 26 amino acid domain encoded by exon 4 of BSP is shown by a series of binding and activity assays to be involved in the displacement of MMP-2's propeptide from the active site and thereby inducing the protease activity. Binding assays in conjunction with enzyme activity assays demonstrate that both amino- and carboxy-terminal domains of BSP contribute to restoration of activity to TIMP2-inhibited MMP-2, while the MMP-2 hemopexin domain is not required for reactivation.
Detection of three-dimensional objects under arbitrary rotations based on range images (2003)

In this paper a unique map or signature of three dimensional objects is defined. The map is obtained locally, for every possible rotation of the object, by the Fourier transform of the phase-encoded range-image at each specific rotation. From these local maps, a global map of orientations is built that contains the information about the surface normals of the object. The map is defined on a unit radius sphere and permits, by correlation techniques, the detection and orientation evaluation of three dimensional objects with three axis translation invariance from a single range image.
Automated analysis of CSS rules to support style maintenance (2012)

CSS is a widely used language for describing the presentation semantics of HTML elements on the web. The language has a number of characteristics, such as inheritance and cascading order, which makes maintaining CSS code a challenging task for web developers. As a result, it is common for unused rules to be accumulated over time. Despite these challenges, CSS analysis has not received much attention from the research community. We propose an automated technique to support styling code maintenance, which (1) analyzes the runtime relationship between the CSS rules and DOM elements of a given web application (2) detects unmatched and ineffective selectors, overridden declaration properties, and undefined class values. Our technique, implemented in an open source tool called Cilla, has a high precision and recall rate. The results of our case study, conducted on fifteen open source and industrial web-based systems, show an average of 60% unused CSS selectors in deployed applications, which points to the ubiquity of the problem.
Synergistic Effects of Adenosine A2A Antagonist and L-DOPA on Rotational Behaviors in 6-Hydroxydopamine-Induced Hemi-Parkinsonian Mouse Model (2007)

In this study, we examined the combination effects of L-DOPA and adenosine receptor antagonists on rotational behaviors in a hemi-Parkinsonian mouse model induced by unilateral 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) injection. The adenosine A(2A) antagonist SCH-58261, but not the A(1)-receptor antagonist 8-cyclopentyl-1,3-dipropylxanthine or A(2B)-receptor antagonist alloxazine, synergistically potentiated the L-DOPA-induced rotational behaviors in the 6-OHDA-lesioned mice. In addtion, the 6-OHDA-induced lesions of the dopaminergic system did not affect the in vivo binding of an adenosine A(2A)-receptor tracer [(11)C]SCH-442416 in the striatatum. These findings suggest that adenosine A(2A) antagonists are extremely useful for pharmacotherapy of L-DOPA in Parkinson's disease patients.
Comparing the efficacy and safety of apheresis and whole blood–derived platelet transfusions: a systematic review (2008)

Owing to the small number of trials and lack of comparability of PLT products for leukoreduction, we were unable to draw definitive conclusions about the clinical benefits of APCs compared with WBD PLTs. Rigorous RCTs using clinically important end points are needed to settle this issue.