gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Wireless remote monitoring system for sleep apnea (2011)

Sleep plays the important role of rejuvenating the body, especially the central nervous system. However, more than thirty million people suffer from sleep disorders and sleep deprivation. That can cause serious health consequences by increasing the risk of hypertension, diabetes, heart attack and so on. Apart from the physical health risk, sleep disorders can lead to social problems when sleep disorders are not diagnosed and treated. Currently, sleep disorders are diagnosed through sleep study in a sleep laboratory overnight. This involves large expenses in addition to the inconvenience of overnight hospitalization and disruption of daily life activities. Although some systems provide home based diagnosis, most of systems record the sleep data in a memory card, the patient has to face the inconvenience of sending the memory card to a doctor for diagnosis. To solve the problem, we propose a wireless sensor system for sleep apnea, which enables remote monitoring while the patient is at home. The system has 5 channels to measure ECG, Nasal airflow, body position, abdominal/chest efforts and oxygen saturation. A wireless transmitter unit transmits signals with Zigbee and a receiver unit which has two RF modules, Zigbee and Wi-Fi, receives signals from the transmitter unit and retransmits signals to the remote monitoring system with Zigbee and Wi-Fi, respectively. By using both Zigbee and Wi-Fi, the wireless sensor system can achieve a low power consumption and wide range coverage. The system's features are presented, as well as continuous monitoring results of vital signals.
Label-free, in situ SERS monitoring of individual DNA hybridization in microfluidics (2014)

We present label-free, in situ monitoring of individual DNA hybridization in microfluidics. By immobilizing molecular sentinel probes on nanoporous gold disks, we demonstrate sensitivity approaching the single-molecule limit via surface-enhanced Raman scattering which provides robust signals without photobleaching for more than an hour. We further demonstrate that a target concentration as low as 20 pM can be detected within 10 min under diffusion-limited transport.
Synthesis of Cyclic Carbonates from Atmospheric Pressure Carbon Dioxide Using Exceptionally Active Aluminum(salen) Complexes as Catalysts. (2007)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Single Molecule Sensitive FRET in Attoliter Droplets (2013)

Single molecular-pair fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) has become a cross-disciplinary tool for understanding molecular folding and interactions. While providing detailed information about the individual members of a molecular ensemble, this technique is always limited by fluorophore brightness and stability. In the case of diffusing molecules, the experiment is further limited by the number of photons that can be collected during the time it takes for a molecule to diffuse across the detection volume. To maximize the number of photons it is common to either increase the detection volume at the expense of increased background, or increase the diffusion time by adding glycerol or sucrose to increase viscosity. Here we demonstrate that FRET from attoliter volume (100 nm radius) aqueous droplets in perfluorinated oil has significantly higher signal-to-noise and a much wider dynamic range than FRET from molecules diffusing in solution. Surprisingly, a FRET distribution from duplex RNA that appears nominally homogeneous in bulk develops distinct heterogeneity for molecules confined in droplets. Our measurements also reveal a droplet environment that is dramatically modified from that of the bulk.
Micro-mechanism associated with very high cycle fatigue crack initiation of advanced DQ&P processed steel (2022)

In the present study, very high cycle fatigue (VHCF) characteristics and properties of a direct quenched and partitioned (DQ&P) medium carbon (0.4 wt.% C) steel having ultrahigh-strength (UTS > 2 GPa) was investigated using an ultrasonic-fatigue testing technique (∼19 kHz frequency) up to ∼1010 cycles at the load ratio (R) of −1 (fully reversed tension-compression). The occurrence of crack initiation in the VHCF regime was observed at interior non-metallic inclusions. The microstructural changes following VHCF failure underneath the fracture surfaces near the crack initiation sites were further investigated through transmission electron microscopy. Formation of a clear nanograined subsurface layer adjacent to the crack initiating site at the interior inclusion was noticeably evident. The variation of average grain size (60 − 140 nm) and thickness (300 − 1200 nm) of nanograined layers at different number of cycles to failure were measured in detail. Apparently, localized plastic deformation caused the fragmentation of martensitic laths and hence, the formation of aforesaid ultrafine-grained layers in the microstructures.
Periodicity in Mate Attraction and Flight Activity of Three Species of Caddisflies (Trichoptera) (1991)

Diel periodicities of mate attraction and flight activity were examined for three caddisfly species (Insecta:Trichoptera) that use female sex pheromones to attract conspecific males: Dicosmoecus gilvipes (Hagen) (Limnephilidae), Gumaga nigricula (McL.) (Sericostomatidae), and Gumaga griseola (McL.). Live females of D. gilvipes attracted males during the night, with 58% of the males being captured in the first hour after sunset. Live females of G. griseola attracted 97% of the males during the hour before sunrise whereas live females of G. nigricula attracted 85% of the males 2-4 h after sunrise. For all three species, the periodicity of male response to female pheromone was the same as the periodicity of male response to live females. In laboratory chambers, male and female D. gilvipes flew during the mate attraction period but generally not at other times. Male flight for G. nigricula and G. griseola was generally most intense during periods of mate attraction, and was reduced during non-attraction periods. In contrast, females of both Gumaga species were relatively sedentary during periods of mate attraction. The presence of circadian rhythms that govern the periodicity of flight was demonstrated for all taxa and sexes except females of D. gilvipes. Light intensity and air temperature influenced the amount of flight activity but not flight periodicity. The temporally brief and coordinated activities of these short-lived adults may serve to conserve metabolic resources, contribute to their reproductive success, and maintain reproductive isolation.
Genetic and environmental influences on human height from infancy through adulthood at different levels of parental education (2020)

Genetic factors explain a major proportion of human height variation, but differences in mean stature have also been found between socio-economic categories suggesting a possible effect of environment. By utilizing a classical twin design which allows decomposing the variation of height into genetic and environmental components, we tested the hypothesis that environmental variation in height is greater in offspring of lower educated parents. Twin data from 29 cohorts including 65,978 complete twin pairs with information on height at ages 1 to 69 years and on parental education were pooled allowing the analyses at different ages and in three geographic-cultural regions (Europe, North America and Australia, and East Asia). Parental education mostly showed a positive association with offspring height, with significant associations in mid-childhood and from adolescence onwards. In variance decomposition modeling, the genetic and environmental variance components of height did not show a consistent relation to parental education. A random-effects meta-regression analysis of the aggregate-level data showed a trend towards greater shared environmental variation of height in low parental education families. In conclusion, in our very large dataset from twin cohorts around the globe, these results provide only weak evidence for the study hypothesis.
Moderate-to-vigorous physical activity of HFrEF patients is strongly associated with age, but not with functional capacity (6MWT), ejection fraction, NYHA, NT-proBNP, sex or BMI (2022)

Abstract Funding Acknowledgements Type of funding sources: Public grant(s) – National budget only. Main funding source(s): Czech Health Research Council of the Ministry of Health of the Czech Republic Introduction Patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) commonly have impaired functional capacity and exercise intolerance which negatively affect their daily living activities and quality of life. Patients’ level of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) remains low. A popular, easily incorporated into everyday life activity is walking, which at a pace of 5 km/h can be considered moderate intensity physical activity. We explored whether the level of MVPA in HFrEF patients is associated with certain demographic and clinical parameters. Methods We analysed baseline values of HFrEF patients recruited in a multicentre randomised controlled trial of a six-month walking intervention (WATCHFUL trial, ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT03041610). Their physical activity was objectively measured over seven days using accelerometer ActiGraph wGT3X-BT worn on the waist. Weekly minutes of MVPA were calculated using Freedson (1998) algorithm. The association between minutes of MVPA and sex, age, body mass index (BMI), HF symptoms (NYHA class), left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), serum levels of NT-proBNP, and distance walked in a six-minute walk test (6MWT) was explored in a series of univariate and multivariate linear regression models. Results One hundred twenty-two patients were included in the analysis (31 females and 81 males, age 63.2±11.7 years, BMI 30.1±5.4, NYHA class II/III: 99/13, LVEF 30.5±7.0%, NT-proBNP 1169±1888 ng/L, 6MWT 365±61 m). They accumulated 33.8±40.3 min/week of MVPA. The weekly minutes of MVPA were negatively associated with patients' age: being one year older was associated with 1.8 min (SE 0.3) less MVPA (p &amp;lt; 0.001). Neither sex, BMI, NYHA Class, distance walked in 6MWT, nor serum levels of NT-proBNP were associated with weekly minutes of MVPA. Conclusion Our results show that moderate-to-vigorous physical activity of HFrEF patients was strongly associated only with age. Surprisingly, commonly used prognostic markers of heart failure such as ejection fraction, NYHA, NT-proBNP, and functional capacity (6MWT) did not show significant. Neither did sex nor BMI. Exercise rehabilitation and increased physical activity improve functional capacity and should be regularly recommended, and even emphasised with age.
Polyimides derived from 2,2'-bis(trifluoromethyl)-4,4'-diaminobiphenyl. 3. Property control for polymer blends and copolymerization of fluorinated polyimides (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPolyimides derived from 2,2'-bis(trifluoromethyl)-4,4'-diaminobiphenyl. 3. Property control for polymer blends and copolymerization of fluorinated polyimidesTohru Matsuura, Noriyoshi Yamada, Shiro Nishi, and Yoshinori HasudaCite this: Macromolecules 1993, 26, 3, 419–423Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00055a002https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00055a002research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1013Altmetric-Citations104LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Anatomic and clinical correlates of septal morphology in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (2010)

We propose a simple, reproducible classification system of patterns of septal hypertrophy in HCM. These patterns of hypertrophy are associated with significant differences in clinical, haemodynamic, and myocardial characteristics. Further studies are needed to evaluate the relationship between septal morphology and outcome or response to therapies in HCM.
InDel Marker Based Estimation of Multi-Gene Allele Contribution and Genetic Variations for Grain Size and Weight in Rice (Oryza sativa L.) (2019)

The market success of any rice cultivar is exceedingly dependent on its grain appearance, as well as its grain yield, which define its demand by consumers as well as growers. The present study was undertaken to explore the contribution of nine major genes, <i>qPE9~1</i>, <i>GW2</i>, <i>SLG7</i>, <i>GW5</i>, <i>GS3</i>, <i>GS7</i>, <i>GW8</i>, <i>GS5</i>, and <i>GS2</i>, in regulating four size and weight related traits, i.e., grain length (GL), grain width (GW), grain thickness (GT), and thousand grain weight (TGW) in 204 diverse rice germplasms using Insertion/Deletion (InDel) markers. The studied germplasm displayed wide-ranging variability in the four studied traits. Except for three genes, all six genes showed considerable association with these traits with varying strengths. Whole germplasm of 204 genotypes could be categorized into three major clusters with different grain sizes and weights that could be utilized in rice breeding programs where grain appearance and weight are under consideration. The study revealed that TGW was 24.9% influenced by GL, 37.4% influenced by GW, and 49.1% influenced by GT. Hence, assuming the trend of trait selection, i.e., GT > GW > GL, for improving TGW in the rice yield enhancement programs. The InDel markers successfully identified a total of 38 alleles, out of which 27 alleles were major and were found in more than 20 genotypes. GL was associated with four genes (<i>GS3</i>, <i>GS7</i>, <i>GW8</i>, and <i>GS2</i>). GT was also found to be regulated by four different genes (<i>GS3</i>, <i>GS7</i>, <i>GW8</i>, and <i>GS2</i>) out of the nine studied genes. GW was found to be under the control of three studied genes (<i>GW5</i>, <i>GW8</i>, and <i>GS2</i>), whereas TGW was found to be under the influence of four genes (<i>SLG7</i>, <i>GW5</i>, <i>GW8</i>, and <i>GS5</i>) in the germplasm under study. The Unweighted Pair Group Method with Arithmetic means (UPGMA) tree based on the studied InDel marker loci segregated the whole germplasm into three distinct clusters with dissimilar grain sizes and weights. A two-dimensional scatter plot constructed using Principal Coordinate Analysis (PCoA) based on InDel markers further separated the 204 rice germplasms into four sub-populations with prominent demarcations of extra-long, long, medium, and short grain type germplasms that can be utilized in breeding programs accordingly. The present study could help rice breeders to select a suitable InDel marker and in formulation of breeding strategies for improving grain appearance, as well as weight, to develop rice varieties to compete international market demands with higher yield returns. This study also confirms the efficient application of InDel markers in studying diverse types of rice germplasm, allelic frequencies, multiple-gene allele contributions, marker-trait associations, and genetic variations that can be explored further.
High Levels of Peripheral Blood NK Cells in Women Suffering from Recurrent Spontaneous Abortion are Reverted from High‐Dose Intravenous Immunoglobulins (2006)

High levels of NK cells are detected in women affected by RSA. IVIGs are capable of decreasing them with a short- and long-term efficacy, allowing having a very high success rate of pregnancies in RSA women.
Absolute high-resolution rate coefficients for dissociative recombination of electrons withHD+:Comparison of results from three heavy-ion storage rings (2003)

Experimental data are presented from three different heavy-ion storage rings (ASTRID in Aarhus, CRYRING in Stockholm, and TSR in Heidelberg) to assess the reliability of this experimental tool for the extraction of absolute rate coefficients and cross sections for dissociative recombination (DR). The DR reaction between ${\mathrm{HD}}^{+}$ and electrons has been studied between 0 and 30 eV on a dense energy grid. ${\mathrm{HD}}^{+}$ displays two characteristic local maxima in the DR rate around 9 and 16 eV. These maxima influence the data analysis at smaller collision energies. We conclude that resonant structures in the DR cross sections are reproduced among the experiments within the collision energy resolution. The absolute cross sections agree within the systematic experimental errors of 20% related to the measurement of the ion currents. Absolute thermal rate coefficients for ${\mathrm{HD}}^{+}$ ions are given for an electron temperature range of 50--300 K. Results for the DR cross section and the thermal rate coefficients are compared to recent theoretical calculations including rotational effects, finding satisfactory agreement.
Rapid Tooling Injection Molded Prototypes: A Case Study in Artificial Photosynthesis Technology (2014)

In this paper we will explores techniques for fabricating optical components for use in an artificial photosynthesis prototype. Specifically, methods were developed for creating rapid tooling to injection mold optics. Three mold fabrication methods were compared: CNC machining of plastic, CNC machining of aluminum, and 3D printing of plastic. For the 3D printed parts, three finishes processes were explored: hot- pressing with a steel shaft, coating with printer resin, and mechanically polishing with a scraper and buffer. Mold fabrication and finishing methods were evaluated based on speed, difficulty and quality. From this preliminary investigation, resin-coated 3D printed molds show promise for use in rapid tooling for injection molding.
Wafer-Level Membrane-Transfer Process for Fabricating MEMS (2000)

A process for transferring an entire wafer-level micromachined silicon structure for mating with and bonding to another such structure has been devised. This process is intended especially for use in wafer-level integration of microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) that have been fabricated on dissimilar substrates. Unlike in some older membrane-transfer processes, there is no use of wax or epoxy during transfer. In this process, the substrate of a wafer-level structure to be transferred serves as a carrier, and is etched away once the transfer has been completed. Another important feature of this process is that two electrodes constitutes an electrostatic actuator array. An SOI wafer and a silicon wafer (see Figure 1) are used as the carrier and electrode wafers, respectively. After oxidation, both wafers are patterned and etched to define a corrugation profile and electrode array, respectively. The polysilicon layer is deposited on the SOI wafer. The carrier wafer is bonded to the electrode wafer by using evaporated indium bumps. The piston pressure of 4 kPa is applied at 156 C in a vacuum chamber to provide hermetic sealing. The substrate of the SOI wafer is etched in a 25 weight percent TMAH bath at 80 C. The exposed buried oxide is then removed by using 49 percent HF droplets after an oxygen plasma ashing. The SOI top silicon layer is etched away by using an SF6 plasma to define the corrugation profile, followed by the HF droplet etching of the remaining oxide. The SF6 plasma with a shadow mask selectively etches the polysilicon membrane, if the transferred membrane structure needs to be patterned. Electrostatic actuators with various electrode gaps have been fabricated by this transfer technique. The gap between the transferred membrane and electrode substrate is very uniform ( 0.1 m across a wafer diameter of 100 mm, provided by optimizing the bonding control). Figure 2 depicts the finished product.
Report of a Workshop on Genetic Linkage Studies in Schizophrenia (1990)

A workshop on genetic linkage studies in schizophrenia was held at Columbia University's Arden House Conference Center in October 1989. This report summarizes the contents of invited talks by Drs. Arno Motulsky and T. Conrad Gilliam and the discussions at the five workshop sessions. Topics of the workshop sessions were (1) diagnostic boundaries and hierarchies in schizophrenia, (2) genetic models and linkage parameters, (3) selection and ascertainment of pedigrees, (4) future extensions of molecular genetics strategies, and (5) possibilities for future collaboration.
Ionicity and Framework Stability of Crystalline Aluminophosphates (2001)

First-principles quantum chemical techniques are applied to characterize the bonding properties of crystalline aluminophosphates (ALPOs) and to compare them with the isostructural silica-based zeolites. Results of the calculations agree with the available structural and calorimetric experimental data. By population and topological analyses of the calculated electronic density, the bonding in ALPOs is shown to be of molecular−ionic character and comprised of discrete Al3+ and PO43- ions. The latter finding rationalizes the hydrophilicity and the defect chemistry of microporous ALPO frameworks in heterogeneous catalysis.
Nanoscale oxidation behavior of carbon fibers revealed with in situ gas cell STEM (2020)

Thermal protection systems (TPS) are used to protect spacecraft payloads during the extreme conditions of atmospheric entry. The backbone of the composite TPS material used in the NASA Stardust Sample Return Capsule and the Mars 2020 mission is carbon fiber, which oxidizes at these temperatures and atmospheric conditions. This study presents the direct observation of carbon oxidation using in situ Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy (STEM). A thin section of a commercially-available carbon fiber material containing multiple carbon structures was examined by STEM in a closed-environmental cell in which temperature was raised from 25 to 1050àC under a steady flow of air. Results show that the random polycrystalline carbon structure oxidized more uniformly and rapidly than the single crystallite region, which oxidized more anisotropically. These findings are the first to directly observe the structural dependence of carbon oxidation rates at these length-scales while also giving important insight into the onset of pitting at various active surface sites, important pieces in fundamentally understanding of carbon oxidation.