gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Measuring glucose concentration by microwave cavity perturbation and DSP technology (2010)

In this work microwave cavity perturbation method and the DSP technology is implemented to estimate glucose concentration. Different concentration of glucose solution makes different resonant frequency and decaying in power in microwave cavity due to the perturbation. We use the Finite-Element method software ANSYS 11.0 to simulate the relationship between the concentration of glucose solution and resonant characteristic of the microwave cavity. It is shown that when the concentration of glucose solution increases, both of the resonant frequency and the amplitude increase. A system was developed to monitor concentration of glucose solution with 20 mmol/L discrepancy. Experiments show the results are positive and significant. The method is hopeful to do non-invasive blood glucose measuring.
Water chemistry and nitrogen source affect foliar uptake efficiency in ‘champion’ bermudagrass (2020)

Given the growing adoption and use of recycled irrigation across the turfgrass industry, there is importance in understanding the effects of irrigation chemistry on N uptake efficiency as it relates to various soluble N sources. The objective of this study was to determine interactive effects of three soluble N sources (ammonium sulfate, potassium nitrate, and urea) and three irrigation water sources (reverse osmosis (R.O.), sodic potable, and 2.5 dS m−1 saline (SA)) on turfgrass performance and 15N nitrogen uptake efficiency following foliar N fertilization. Results demonstrated that although all water and N source treatments produced above-acceptable levels of quality in Champion bermudagrass, both N and water source significantly impacted nitrogen uptake efficiency. Following an eight-hour uptake period, approximately 40 to 70% of foliar-applied N (from a 0.5 g N m−2 application) was recovered across all N sources. The highest uptake efficiency was noted with ammonium sulfate and urea treatments, with noticeably lower recoveries of N detected with potassium nitrate fertilization. Ammonium sulfate produced similar or improved turf quality to other N sources under R.O. and sodic potable irrigation, but reduced turf quality and green cover under saline irrigation. When water sources containing moderately high salinity levels (2.5 dS m−1) are used, potassium nitrate (KNO3) may provide the greatest turfgrass quality, however, its uptake efficiency may be lower than other N sources. The results suggest that soluble N source and tank mix and/or irrigation water chemistry may be important considerations for maximizing foliar uptake efficiency and minimizing potential for environmental loss.
A compact, low profile, transmission line antenna--Tunable over greater than octave bandwidth (1966)

Techniques for extending the frequency tuning range of low profile top loaded antennas to greater than one octave are described. The compact antenna is a directly driven resonant radiator (DDRR) which consists of a vertical post radiator, the height of which is less than <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0.05\lambda</tex> at the highest operating frequency, and which is top loaded by a loosely spiraled unbalanced transmission line which employs a multiple-capacitor tuning scheme to achieve a wide-band, tunable resonant antenna. The measured antenna circuit <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Q</tex> is of the order of 100 or greater and the radiation efficiency, over a large ground plane, is greater than 50 percent that of a quarter-wave monopole over the full operating range.
“Click Chemistry” in Zeolites: Copper(I) Zeolites as New Heterogeneous and Ligand‐Free Catalysts for the Huisgen [3+2] Cycloaddition (2008)

Abstract For the first time, copper(I)‐exchanged zeolites were developed as catalysts in organic synthesis. These solid materials proved to be versatile and efficient heterogeneous, ligand‐free catalytic systems for the Huisgen [3+2] cycloaddition. These cheap and easy‐to‐prepare catalysts exhibited a wide scope and compatibility with functional groups. They are very simple to use, easy to remove (by filtration), and are recyclable (up to three times without loss of activity). Investigations with deuterated alkynes and deuterated zeolites proved that this Cu I ‐zeolite‐catalyzed “click” reaction exhibited a mechanism different from that reported for the Meldal–Sharpless version.
Safety assessment of the process Sulpet Plasticos, based on Starlinger deCON technology, used to recycle post‐consumer PET into food contact materials (2021)

The EFSA Panel on Food Contact Materials, Enzymes and Processing Aids (CEP) assessed the safety of the recycling process Sulpet Plásticos (EU register number RECYC221), which uses the Starlinger deCON technology. The input material is hot washed and dried poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) flakes originating from collected post-consumer PET containers, e.g. bottles, including no more than 5% PET from non-food consumer applications. The flakes are preheated before being submitted to solid-state polycondensation (SSP) in a continuous reactor at high temperature under vacuum and ■■■■■. Having examined the challenge test provided, the Panel concluded that the preheating (step 2) and the decontamination in the ■■■■■ SSP reactor (step 3) are critical in determining the decontamination efficiency of the process. The operating parameters to control the performance of these critical steps are temperature, pressure, residence time and ■■■■■. It was demonstrated that this recycling process is able to ensure a level of migration of potential unknown contaminants into food below the conservatively modelled migration of 0.1 μg/kg food. Therefore, the Panel concluded that the recycled PET obtained from this process is not considered to be of safety concern, when used at up to 100% for the manufacture of materials and articles for contact with all types of foodstuffs for long-term storage at room temperature, with or without hotfill. The final articles made of this recycled PET are not intended to be used in microwave or conventional ovens and such uses are not covered by this evaluation.
Adjuvant Therapy of Node-Negative Breast Cancer (1989)

Axillary-node–negative breast cancer develops in approximately 70,000 women in the United States each year. Local surgery, radiotherapy, or both lead to long-term survival in the great majority (approximately 70 percent) of such women. Most do not have distant micrometastases and therefore do not require systemic therapy. The four articles on systemic adjuvant therapy in this issue of the Journal 1 2 3 4 are important first steps in the long journey toward the goal of eliminating micrometastases and curing the disease in the women whose cancer will recur. How should these results affect current treatment for node-negative breast cancer in the general population?The . . .
Status Report of SOFC Development and Pilot Manufacturing at SOFCpower Srl (2009)

SOFCpower-HTceramix' mission is to offer new energy solutions in the deregulated electricity market, based upon its highly efficient Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC) technology. SOFCpower develops SOFC stacks and thermally integrated stacks (HoTbox{trade mark, serif}) for OEM companies commercializing new power generators and co-generation systems. Since 2008, SOFCpower has implemented a cost-effective pilot production line for cells, stacks and HoTbox{trade mark, serif} power modules for residential co-generation with a capacity of 2 MW/y in Trento (IT). Furthermore, investments on testing facilities and infrastructures have been made in the same site in order to ensure quality of production and to certify stack durability. As a consequence, it was possible to speed-up cell and stack development and to progress in stack robustness and reproducibility of its performance, achieving electrical efficiency above 50% at stack level without internal reforming. The paper gives an up-date on the status of the manufacturing line and the test bench installation. Performance and stability data for SOFCpower stacks produced within the pilot manufacturing plant are presented, as well an up-date on progresses made on the development of large stacks (&gt; 1 kW).
Application of design of experiments (DoE) optimization to the one-pot synthesis of 4,6-dihydropteridinones (2015)

A design of experiments (DoE) analysis of a tandem SnAr-amidation cyclization reaction between 4-chloropyrimidin-5-amine and (S)-N-methylalanine to form (S)-7,8-dimethyl-7,8-dihydropteridin-6(5H)-one is reported. Five reaction variables were optimized using DoE and conversion was improved from 26% to 74%, with a significant reduction in reaction time while retaining high optical purity. The optimized conditions were applied to the synthesis of a wide variety of analogs and the expanded reaction substrate scope included a variety of amino acids and pyrimidines. Products were obtained in isolated yields up to 95% and enantiomeric excess as high as 98%.
Widespread genetic linkage of mating signals and preferences in the Hawaiian cricket Laupala (2011)

The evolution of novel sexual communication systems is integral to the process of speciation, as it discourages gene flow between incipient species. Physical linkage between genes underlying male-female communication (i.e. sexual signals and preferences for them) facilitates both rapid and coordinated divergence of sexual communication systems between populations and reduces recombination in the face of occasional hybridization between diverging populations. Despite these ramifications of the genetic architecture of sexual communication for sexual selection and speciation, few studies have examined this relationship empirically. Previous studies of the closely related Hawaiian crickets Laupala paranigra and Laupala kohalensis have indirectly suggested that many of the genes underlying the difference in pulse rate of male song are physically linked with genes underlying the difference in female preference for pulse rate. Using marker-assisted introgression, we moved 'slow pulse rate' alleles from L. paranigra at five known quantitative trait loci (QTL) underlying male pulse rate into the 'fast pulse rate' genetic background of L. kohalensis and assessed the effect of these loci on female preference. An astounding four out of five song QTL predicted the preferences of female fourth-generation backcrosses, providing direct evidence for the extensive genetic linkage of song and preference in one of the fastest diversifying genera currently known.
Start-Up Analysis of a Hypersonic Short-Duration Facility (2022)

This paper analyzes the nozzle start-up of the von Kármán Institute Longshot, an impulse hypersonic gun tunnel, using a combination of the Lagrangian L1D code (used to model the initial compression process of the test gas into a reservoir by an inertial piston) and unsteady Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes simulations to model the flow expansion through the appended nozzle. The influence of initial nozzle flow conditions on the duration of the start-up is investigated based on various simulated experiments, and it is verified that the shortest establishment time is obtained for the lowest initial pressure. The applicability of the numerical scheme is proved through a comparison of the inlet and outlet total and static conditions against experimental results at relevant conditions. Besides, the right running and left running shocks constituting the start-up shock system are tracked through the nozzle, and their propagation velocities are reported. Momentum and thermal boundary-layer establishment times are reported based on the temperature and velocity profiles predicted at the nozzle exit. Finally, the flow establishment time is compared against several criteria available in the literature. Additionally, new establishment and quasi-steady behavior criteria are presented, derived from the freestream static pressure and temperature evolution.
Systematic effects in neutron coincidence and multiplicity counting (2010)

Correlated neutron counting, including neutron coincidence and multiplicity counting, is an important tool in nuclear material accountancy verification. The accuracy of such measurements is of interest to the safeguards community because as the accuracy of NDA improves, the number of samples that are required to undergo destructive analysis (DA) decreases. The accuracy of a neutron mUltiplicity measurement can be affected by a number of variables. Monte Carlo neutron transport simulations with MCNPX have been performed to understand how the properties of the sample affect the count rate. These resultant count rates have been analyzed with the 'point model' in order to determine the effect on the deduced plutonium mass. The sample properties that have been investigated are density, sample position within the detector cavity, moisture content, isotopic composition, plutonium to total actinide ratio and heavy metal fraction. These parameters affect the Singles, Doubles and Triples count rates in different ways. In addition, different analysis methods use these measured quantities in different combinations, so that the final sensitivity of the {sup 240}Pu mass to each parameter also depends on the analysis method used. For example, the passive calibration curve method only used the Doubles rate to produce the {sup 240}Pu mass and so is not sensitive to changes in the Singles rate (to first order). The analysis methods considered here were passive calibration curve (non-multiplication corrected), known alpha (multiplication corrected) and multiplicity with known efficiency. The effects were studied on both a small mass MOX sample (1 g Pu) and a large MOX sample (6000 g Pu) both measured in high efficiency neutron multiplicity counters. In order to determine the final effect of each parameter it is necessary to know not only the sensitivity of the plutonium mass to that parameter, but also the range over which the parameter can realistically vary. Some estimates are given.
A Solvothermal Route to High-Surface-Area Nanostructured MoS2 (2003)

We describe a simple route to nanostructured MoS2 based on the decomposition of the cluster-based precursor (NH4)2Mo3S13·xH2O in solvothermal toluene at 653 K. Solvothermal decomposition results in nanostructured material distinct from that obtained by decomposition of the precursor in sealed quartz tubes at the same temperature. When carried out in the presence of the surfactant cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB), the decomposition results in unusual string-like morphologies of highly disordered MoS2 lamellae, with high surface areas. An attempt to understand representative sizes and structures of the nano-MoS2 produced by the different methods has been made using DIFFaX simulations of the powder X-ray diffraction patterns.
Electron trap generation in thermally grown SiO2 under Fowler–Nordheim stress (1992)

Electron trap generation in thermally grown silicon dioxide (SiO2) during Fowler–Nordheim (FN) stress is investigated by using an aluminium-gated capacitor structure. The generated electron traps are characterized by the avalanche electron injection technique. The experimental results support the model that electron trapping in oxide follows the first-order kinetics and may have multiple-capture cross sections. It is found that both donorlike (positive charge related) and acceptorlike (neutral before capturing electron) traps are generated and they behave differently. The donorlike trap is not stable at or above room temperature and its effective density saturates as the stressing time increases, while the opposite is true for the acceptorlike trap. The electron-capture cross section of donorlike trap spreads from 10−18 to over 10−14 cm2, but the capture cross section of the generated acceptorlike trap is limited in the range of (4.5–9)× 10−17 cm2. The acceptorlike trap is generated by the interaction between free holes and SiO2 and hole trapping leads to donorlike traps. The relation between the generated trap and the as-grown trap will be discussed. Comparison of the electron traps generated by FN stress with those by irradiation and hot hole injection indicates that the electron trap generation under these different stressing conditions is controlled by the same mechanism. The necessary condition for electron trap generation is the presence of holes in the oxide, rather than a high electrical field.
Design of lateral heterostructure from arsenene and antimonene (2016)

Lateral heterostructures fabricated by two-dimensional building blocks have opened up exciting realms in material science and device physics. Identifying suitable materials for creating such heterostructures is urgently needed for the next-generation devices. Here, we demonstrate a novel type of seamless lateral heterostructures with excellent stabilities formed within pristine arsenene and antimonene. We find that these heterostructures could possess direct and reduced energy gaps without any modulations. Moreover, the highly coveted type-II alignment and the high carrier mobility are also identified, marking the enhanced quantum efficiency. The tensile strain can result in efficient bandgap engineering. Besides, the proposed critical condition for favored direct energy gaps would have a guiding significance on the subsequent works. Generally, our predictions not only introduce new vitality into lateral heterostructures, enriching available candidate materials in this field, but also highlight the potential of these lateral heterostructures as appealing materials for future devices.
Proton NMR studies of electronic structure inTi1−yVyH1.95 (1981)

The proton Knight shifts and spin-lattice relaxation time ${T}_{1}$ in ${\mathrm{Ti}}_{1\ensuremath{-}y}{\mathrm{V}}_{y}{\mathrm{H}}_{1.95}$ with $y=0, 0.15,\mathrm{and} 0.50$ are related to the density of electron states at the Fermi energy. The temperature dependences of these parameters independently confirm that the reduction of $d$-electron states through a Jahn-Teller effect is eliminated by the V substitution.
Multiple intramolecular electron transfer in the catalysis of the reduction of dioxygen by cobalt meso-tetrakis(4-pyridyl)porphyrin to which four Ru(NH3)5 groups are coordinated (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMultiple intramolecular electron transfer in the catalysis of the reduction of dioxygen by cobalt meso-tetrakis(4-pyridyl)porphyrin to which four Ru(NH3)5 groups are coordinatedChunnian Shi and Fred C. AnsonCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1991, 113, 25, 9564–9570Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1991https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00025a022https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00025a022research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views522Altmetric-Citations111LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Ultrafast Optical Switching (2022)

Here we demonstrate the optical switching with attosecond speed in a dielectric system. We will present the capability of modulating the reflectivity of the fused silica in the strong field following the optical driver field with sub-femtosecond control resolution.
Apoptosis and Pediatric Idiopathic Neutropenia (2011)

Idiopathic neutropenia (IN) is a disorder that can lead to severe, life-threatening infections. IN in children is usually characterized by decreased neutrophil counts ( < 1500/ μl) and can result in reduced monocyte count and phagocyte function. Since no current therapies exist and the pathophyisiology is not fully understood, we sought to investigate immune mechanisms of IN in children. We investigated the role of circulating Fas Ligand in mediating IN by comparing IN patients to healthy control (HC) patients. Our results suggest that high levels of FasL contribute to IN pathology. Additionally, the plasma from acute IN patients was found to have higher levels of soluble FasL than chronic IN patients. When incubating HC neutrophils with IN patient plasma, higher levels of apoptosis were seen. The plasma-derived factor in inducing apoptosis was found to be preferentially specific for neutrophils. Addition of anti-sFasL antibodies to IN patient plasma resulted in a significant decrease in neutrophil apoptosis. In summary, these data suggest that sFasL in IN patient plasma may reduce neutrophil cell death and that the Fas/FasL apoptotic pathway may play a role in the pathology of idiopathic neutropenia.
Reliable multicast data delivery for military networking (2002)

Multicast networking support is becoming an increasingly important technology area for both commercial and military distributed or group-based applications. The underlying delivery mechanism for IP multicast is presently the User Datagram Protocol (UDP) or raw IP packets. At present, these mechanisms provide a "best effort" delivery service. Best effort implies that IP packets are treated with essentially equal weight, and while IP makes an effort to deliver all packets to their destination, packets may be occasionally be delayed lost, duplicated, or delivered out of order. In the past such delivery mechanisms have worked fine for supporting traffic insensitive to occasional lost or missing data (e.g. voice, video). An increasing variety of distributed multimedia applications are being developed in which a consistent and/or reliable data delivery of all or a subset of data packets is a critical performance factor. In future military tactical internetworks, situational awareness data will play a major role as a critical multicast application. Reliable group file transfer (e.g. image dissemination) and interactive mission planning applications are also likely applications for military mobile units. This paper presents a taxonomy of presently available reliable multicasting solutions. The protocols are classified in terms of performance issues and scalability. Using this taxonomy, reliable multicast solutions are considered for various military applications such as mission planning, distributed interactive simulation (DIS), and situational awareness dissemination in a shared WAN environment.
Collagenolytic Activity of Crevicular Fluid and of Adjacent Gingival Tissue (1979)

The fluid in and gingival tissue lining periodontal pockets were collected from male patients undergoing periodontal therapy. The collagenolytic activity of the crevicular fluid, and the ability of the gingiva in culture to degrade (a) an exogenous collagen substrate, and (b) endogenous collagen newly synthesized and labeled with H 3 -hydroxyproline, were related to the severity of gingival inflammation. Although inflammation appeared to have only a slight effect on gingival collagenolytic activity and on the turnover of collagen newly synthesized in culture, a marked effect was observed on the collagenase activity in the crevicular fluid. This study suggests that the collagen destructive activity of the periodontal lesion can be assessed by monitoring crevicular fluid collagenolytic activity.