gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Graphene Mesh for Self‐Sensing Ionic Soft Actuator Inspired from Mechanoreceptors in Human Body (2019)

Here, inspired by mechanoreceptors in the human body, a self-sensing ionic soft actuator is developed that precisely senses the bending motions during actuating utilizing a 3D graphene mesh electrode. The graphene mesh electrode has the permeability of mobile ions inside the ionic exchangeable polymer and shows low electrical resistance of 6.25 Ω Sq<sup>-1</sup>, maintaining high electrical conductivity in large bending deformations of 180°. In this sensing system, the graphene woven mesh is embedded inside ionic polymer membrane to interact with mobile ions and to trace their movements. The migration of mobile ions inside the membrane induces an electrical signal on the mesh and provides the information regarding ion distribution, which is proven to be highly correlated with the bending deformation of the actuator. Using this integrated self-sensing system, the responses of an ionic actuator to various input stimulations are precisely estimated for both direct current and alternating current inputs. Even though the generated displacement is extremely small around 300 µm at very low driving voltage of 0.1 V, high level accuracy (96%) of estimated deformations could be achieved using the self-sensing actuator system.
Moderator Configuration Options for ESS (2016)

The current, still evolving status of the design and the optimization work for the moderator configuration for the European Spallation Source is described. The moderator design has been strongly driven by the low-dimensional moderator concept recently proposed for use in spallation neutron sources or reactors. Quasi-two dimensional, disc- or tube-shaped moderators,can provide strong brightness increase (factor of 3 or more) with respect to volume para-H2moderators, which constitute the reference, state-of-the-art technology for high-intensity coupled moderators. In the design process other, more conventional, principles were also considered,such as the importance of moderator positioning, of the premoderator, and beam extraction considerations. Different design and configuration options are evaluated and compared with the reference volume moderator configuration described in the ESS Technical Design Report.
The Slope-Oriented Hadamard scheme for in-lab or on-sky interaction matrix calibration (2011)

The correct calibration of the interaction matrix affects the performance of an adaptive optics system. In the case of high-order systems, when the number of mirror modes is worth a few thousands, the calibration strategy is critical to reach the maximum interaction matrix quality in the minimum time. This is all the more true for the E-ELT, for which on sky calibration procedures have to be considered. Here, we first build a tractable interaction matrix quality criterion. We then propose the Slope-Oriented Hadamard scheme which optimizes this quality criterion.We demonstrate that for a given level of quality, the calibration time needed using the Slope-Oriented Hadamard method is ten times less than with a classical Hadamard scheme. These analytical and simulation results are confirmed experimentally on the SPHERE XAO system (SAXO).
2D/2D Graphitic Carbon Nitride (g-C3N4) Heterojunction Nanocomposites for Photocatalysis: Why Does Face-to-Face Interface Matter? (2017)

In recent years, two-dimensional (2D) graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) has elicited interdisciplinary research fascination among the scientific communities due to its attractive properties such as appropriate band structures, visible-light absorption, and high chemical and thermal stability. At present, research aiming at engineering 2D g-C3N4 photocatalysts at an atomic and molecular level in conquering the global energy demand and environmental pollution has been thriving. In this review, the cutting-edge research progress on the 2D/2D g-C3N4-based hybrid nanoarchitectures will be systematically highlighted with a specific emphasis on a multitude of photocatalytic applications, not only in waste degradation for pollution alleviation, but also in renewable energy production (e.g. water splitting and carbon dioxide (CO2) reduction). By reviewing the substantial developments on this hot research platform, it is envisioned that the review will shed light and pave a new prospect for constructing high photocatalytic performance of 2D/2D g-C3N4-based system, which could also be extended to other related energy fields, namely solar cells, supercapacitors and electrocatalysis.
Organometallic molecules for semiconductor fabrication (1990)

Abstract Adduct purification of metal alkyls for use in metal-organic vapour-phase epitaxy is described and shown to give high purity alkyls of Al, Ga, In, Cd, Zn and Te. In most cases involatile Lewis bases are used to form dissociable adducts, but for tellurium alkyls, halides of mercury or cadmium are used. Alternative source materials such as higher alkyls, volatile adducts and mixed alkyls are discussed and new results on the stability of mixed alkyls of tellurium are presented.
Biomedical nanotechnology : methods and protocols (2011)

Due to their unique size-dependent properties, nanomaterials have the potential to revolutionize the detection, diagnosis, and treatment of disease by offering superior capabilities compared to conventionally-used materials. Biomedical Nanotechnology: Methods and Protocols brings together experts from a wide variety of fields to provide a practical overview of biomedical nanotechnology, from the conception of novel materials in the laboratory to the application of such structures in the clinic. After a brief introductory chapter, the first section consists of protocol chapters which provide hands-on information on the synthesis of a variety of solution-phase and surface-bound nanomaterials and their application in sensing, imaging, and/or therapeutics, while the second section consists of a series of case studies and review chapters that discuss the toxicology of nanomaterials, the regulatory pathways to US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval of these materials, their patenting, marketing, and commercialization, and the legal and ethical issues surrounding their use. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology™ series format, many chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials, step-by-step, readily reproducible protocols, and insightful tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Cutting-edge and authoritative, Biomedical Nanotechnology: Methods and Protocols surveys this exciting field from the most vital angles in order to provide a comprehensive reference for scientists and researchers of all different backgrounds looking to utilize the numerous versatile applications of nanomaterial technologies
Reduction of Interface Traps and Enhancement of Channel Mobility in n-Channel 6H-SiC MOSFETs by Irradiation with Gamma-Rays (2008)

N-channel MOSFETs are irradiated with gamma-rays (g-rays) up to 3.16 MGy(SiO2) at room temperature. Above 1 MGy, the effective channel mobility increases with increasing absorbed dose. A similar increase is observed for the Hall mobility in the inversion layer. In addition, the Hall-effect measurements indicate a reduction of the interface trap density.
Phase I Clinical Trial of Smad7 Knockdown Using Antisense Oligonucleotide in Patients With Active Crohn's Disease (2012)

In the gut of patients with Crohn's disease (CD), high Smad7 blocks the immune-suppressive activity of transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1, thereby contributing to amplify inflammatory signals. In vivo in mice, knockdown of Smad7 with a Smad7 antisense oligonucleotide (GED0301) attenuates experimental colitis. Here, we provide results of a phase 1 clinical, open-label, dose-escalation study of GED0301 in patients with active, steroid-dependent/resistant CD, aimed at assessing the safety and tolerability of the drug. Patients were allocated to three treatment groups receiving oral GED0301 once daily for 7 days at doses of 40, 80, or 160 mg. A total of 15 patients were enrolled. No serious adverse event was registered. GED0301 was well tolerated and no patient dropped out during the study. Twenty-five adverse events were documented in 11 patients, the majority of whom were judged to be of mild intensity and unrelated to treatment. GED0301 treatment reduced the percentage of inflammatory cytokine-expressing CCR9-positive T cells in the blood. The study shows for the first time that GED0301 is safe and well tolerated in patients with active CD.
Flow dynamics of cerebrospinal fluid: assessment with phase-contrast velocity MR imaging performed with retrospective cardiac gating. (1992)

To visualize the flow of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) throughout the ventricles and subarachnoid space, measure mean and maximum CSF velocities, and quantitate CSF flow through the aqueduct of Sylvius, magnetic resonance (MR) imaging was performed with a sagittal technique that is flow-sensitive in the craniocaudal direction (along the readout axis) and a high-resolution axial technique sensitive to through-plane flow in three healthy subjects and 19 patients with known or suspected disorders of the CSF circulation. In both techniques, retrospective cardiac gating was used to cover the complete cardiac cycle. The sagittal technique was superior in overall assessment of CSF flow dynamics, including the motion of adjacent brain parenchyma. The high-resolution axial technique provided an accurate measurement of the rate of CSF flow through the aqueduct; only this technique provided sufficient accuracy to enable distinction between normal and hyperdynamic CSF flow. It is concluded that assessment of CSF flow dynamics is a useful adjunct to routine MR imaging in communicating and obstructive hydrocephalus.
Large diversity of the piggyBac-like elements in the genome of Tribolium castaneum (2007)

The piggyBac transposable element (TE), originally discovered in the cabbage looper, Trichoplusia ni, has been widely used in insect transgenesis including the red flour beetle Tribolium castaneum. We surveyed piggyBac-like (PLE) sequences in the genome of T. castaneum by homology searches using as queries the diverse PLE sequences that have been described previously. The search yielded a total of 32 piggyBac-like elements (TcPLEs) which were classified into 14 distinct groups. Most of the TcPLEs contain defective functional motifs in that they are lacking inverted terminal repeats (ITRs) or have disrupted open reading frames. Only one single copy of TcPLE1 appears to be intact with imperfect 16bp ITRs flanking an open reading frame encoding a transposase of 571 amino acid residues. Many copies of TcPLEs were found to be inserted into or close to other transposon-like sequences. This large diversity of TcPLEs with generally low copy numbers suggests multiple invasions of the TcPLEs over a long evolutionary time without extensive multiplications or occurrence of rapid loss of TcPLEs copies.
SLC66 Lysosomal amino acid transporters in GtoPdb v.2021.2 (2021)

This is a family of 5 evolutionarily related proteins. Their structural similarities suggest that they are transporters. Biochemical evidence supports transporter activity for SLC66A1 (LAAT1) and SLC66A4 (CTNS; Cystinosin). The functions of the 3 remaining members of the family are undetermined.
A 50MHz bandwidth multi-mode PA supply modulator for GSM, EDGE and UMTS application (2008)

This paper describes the design and measurement results of a supply modulator for a PA for GSM, EDGE and UMTS application. The modulator combines a high-bandwidth class-AB linear regulator with an efficient DC/DC converter in a master-slave configuration. The DC/DC converter is current-mode controlled and has been designed to operate at switching frequencies between 1 MHz and 25 MHz. A damped dual-inductor LCR filter has been inserted in the output branch of the DC/DC converter for ripple suppression. The chip has been fabricated in a 0.25 mum CMOS process with an additional gate oxide for 6 V transistors and has an active area of 1.5 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> . It achieves a bandwidth of 50 MHz (for UMTS) with a peak output power of 3.2 W (for GSM) and output rms ripple of less than 4 mV.
EO/IR satellite constellations for the early detection and tracking of collision events (2010)

The detection and tracking of collision events involving existing Low Earth Orbit (LEO) Resident Space Objects (RSOs) is becoming increasingly important with the higher LEO space objects traffic volume which is anticipated to increase even further in the near future. Changes in velocity that can lead to a collision are hard to detect early on time, and before the collision happens. Several collision events can happen at the same time and continuous monitoring of the LEO orbit is necessary in order to determine and implement collision avoidance strategies. We present a simulation of a constellation system consisting of multiple platforms carrying EO/IR sensors for the detection of such collisions. The presented simulation encompasses the full complexity of LEO trajectories changes which can collide with currently operating satellites. Efficient multitarget filter with information-theoretic multisensor management is implemented and evaluated on different constellations.
CYANO RT-Microarray: A Novel Tool to Detect Gene Expression in Cyanobacteria (2018)

EU μAQUA made early warning systems for freshwater pathogens and toxins. Barcodes for each cyanobacterial toxin gene published before 2011 were designed and used in a microarray format to capture messenger RNA to detect toxin gene expression at early stages of bloom development. A reverse transcriptase (RT) microarray was developed to detect toxin expression, which had low expression levels. Probes immobilized on the microarray slide captured the mRNA and were extended directly on the microarray. RT extension incorporated fluorescently labeled oligonucleotides to ensure a high signal detected by the microarray scanner. The CYANO RT microarray was laboratory tested with known toxic cyanobacteria and field-tested. Hybridizations without RT extensions were barely detectable in the cultured strains. However, with RT extensions, hybridized mRNA was easily detected. Field samples were equally successful and consistent with companion studies from the same sites using HPLC/(MS-MS) (High Performance Liquid Chromotography/ Mass Spec). In some cases, amplified expression produced a signal with no detection of that toxin using chemical means. The RT microarray may be more sensitive than HPLC/MS-MS. Further studies are needed to determine if the RT-microarray is detecting a very low expression of the toxin genes and, hence, more sensitive as an early warning system predicting the toxin potential.
P-TEFb, a Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Controlling Elongation by RNA Polymerase II (2000)

The elongation phase of transcription by RNA polymerase II is one of the many steps during the generation of mature mRNAs that is subject to regulation.Shortly after initiation, RNA polymerase II comes under the control of negative transcription elongation factors, generally termed N-TEFs, and enters abortive elongation (51).During this postinitiation process, only short transcripts are generated that may be prematurely terminated.These short transcripts arise from transcription of many genes, including c-myb, c-myc, c-fos, HSP70, and the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) long terminal repeat (LTR), and are normally subject to rapid degradation (3, 63).Escape from the action of N-TEF requires the action of at least one positive transcription elongation factor (P-TEF), eventually identified as P-TEFb (52).P-TEFb allows the transition into productive elongation, producing long transcripts from which mRNAs are derived.In this way, the fraction of initiating RNA polymerase II molecules that produce full-length transcripts is controlled by a selection process that occurs early in the elongation phase of the transcription cycle.After the transition is made into productive elongation, the efficiency of elongation may be influenced by additional factors, including S-II, TFIIF, ELL, and elongin (62, 65).
Prognostic relevance of human papillomavirus infection in anal squamous cell carcinoma: Analysis of the National Cancer Database. (2018)

735 Background: To examine the prognostic relevance of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection for anal squamous cell carcinoma (ASCC) patients treated with chemoradiation in the National Cancer Database (NCDB). Methods: The 2014 NCDB was queried for non-metastatic, histologically confirmed, ASCC patients diagnosed between 2004 and 2013. Patients were required to have HPV status documented in order to be eligible. Patients were then stratified into two groups: HPV+ and HPV-. Univariate analysis was performed using the χ2 test for categorical covariates and ANOVA for numerical covariates. Multivariable analysis (MVA) was performed using Cox proportional hazard model for overall survival (OS). Hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were generated for each covariate. To minimize selection bias, propensity score (PS) weighting was implemented to balance OS related variables between the groups including: age, education level, stage, diagnosis year, insurance type, and agent of chemotherapy. Results: A total of 1,063 patients were eligible. Patients were stratified into HPV+ (n = 498, 46.8%) and HPV- (n = 565, 53.2%). After PS weighting, MVA for OS showed that for men, HPV infection was associated with better OS (HR 0.60, CI 0.38-0.96; p = 0.034). However, for women, HPV infection did not significantly influence survival (HR 1.47, CI 0.96-2.25; p = 0.074). Conclusions: To our knowledge, this is the largest patient series evaluating the impact of HPV infection on OS in patients with anal cancer. We found that HPV infection is associated with a statistically significant better survival for men with ASCC. In contrast, for women, HPV infection did not significantly influence survival.
The Dynamic Characteristics of a High Pressure Turbine Stage in a Transient Wind Tunnel (1992)

A new transient facility for the study of time averaged and unsteady aerodynamics and heat transfer in a high pressure turbine was recently commissioned. During the facility design a high priority was placed on ease of access to the turbine blading to facilitate the development of blade mounted instrumentation. The turbine disc was cantilevered on a shaft by a thin annular link, with the shaft passing back through the disc to a single row and matched pair of relatively closely spaced bearings. The bearings were originally designed for use in a marine gas turbine. Due to the facility’s novel mode of operation the bearings were working well beyond some of their original design limits, primarily due to the high turbine acceleration and the high speed/low load condition at the end of facility operation. During the facility design a programme of work was undertaken to predict its dynamic performance. This was continued during commissioning to measure actual facility performance. In this paper the predicted dynamic performance of the disc/shaft assembly and its bearing system are presented. The programme of work undertaken during the facility commissioning phase to ascertain actual dynamic performance is described, and the results discussed. Finally, the technique developed to field balance the rotating assembly following changes to blade instrumentation is described.
Double Injection Synthesis and Dispersion of Submicrometer Barium Titanyl Oxalate Tetrahydrate (2001)

A modified Clabaugh method has been used to produce a well‐dispersed barium titanyl oxalate tetrahydrate (BTO) powder with a particle size of less than 0.2 μm. Production of the BTO powder is based on a double injection system, with reactants rapidly mixed using pressurized gas. The mixture resulting from the double injection of the reactants was subsequently quenched into a solution containing polyethyleneimine as a dispersant. The resulting dispersed BTO powder forms a suspension that is stable against coarsening or aggregation for greater than 1400 h. The dispersed BTO powder was also shown to produce BaTiO 3 with a particle size of 0.25 μm or less after calcination.
Normothermic extracorporeal perfusion of isolated porcine liver after warm ischaemia: a preliminary report (2012)

Liver transplantation is a major life-saving procedure, and donation after cardiac death (DCD) has increased the pool of potential liver donors. However, DCD livers are at increased risk of primary graft dysfunction and biliary tract ischaemia. Normothermic extracorporeal liver perfusion (NELP) may increase the ability to protect, evaluate and, in future, transplant DCD livers. We conducted proof-of-concept experiments using a DCD model in the pig to assess the short-term (4 hours) feasibility and functional efficacy of NELP. Using extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, parenteral nutrition, separate hepatic artery and portal vein perfusion, and physiological perfusion pressures, we achieved NELP and evidence of function (bile production, paracetamol removal, maintenance of normal ammonia and lactate levels) for 4 hours in pig livers subjected to 15 and 30 minutes of cardiac arrest before explantation. Our experiments justify further investigations of the feasibility and efficacy of human DCD liver preservation by ex-vivo perfusion.
A Novel Hydrogenation and Hydrogenolysis Catalyst Using Palladized Biomass of Gram-negative and Gram-positive Bacteria (2007)

Palladized biomass of typical Gram negative bacteria (Desulfovibrio desulfuricans and Escherichia coli) is well documented as a potentially useful catalyst for reduction of metallic species such as Cr(VI). This bionanocatalyst can be sourced from Pd-waste and scrap leachates via biocrystallization. A major industrial application of precious metal catalysts is in hydrogenation and hydrogenolysis reactions whereby, respectively, H is added across unsaturated bonds and halogen substituents can be removed from aromatic rings. Gram positive bacteria have not been evaluated previously as potential supported Pd-bionanocatalysts. We compare the activity of ‘Bio-Pd(0)’ supported on the fundamentally different Gram negative (Desulfovibrio) and Gram positive (Bacillus) bacterial surfaces, and evaluate the activity of the two types of ‘Bio-Pd(0)‘ in a standard reference reaction, the hydrogenation of itaconic acid, against a commercially available catalyst (5% Pd on carbon). The results show that the bionanocatalysts have a similar activity to the commercial material and biomanufacturing from waste sources may be an economic alternative to conventional processing for catalyst production as precious metal prices continue to rise.
Inhibins and activins in human ovulation, conception and pregnancy (1998)

The activins and inhibins are glycoproteins that belong to the transforming growth factor-beta superfamily and, as such, have diverse effects at many stages during growth and development. Originally identified by their effects on follicle stimulating hormone in males and females, the recent development of specific and sensitive assays for this group of polypeptides has permitted the elucidation of their role in 'fine-tuning' the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis. This review article focuses on the roles of inhibin and activin in female reproductive physiology with reference to possible future clinical applications in the investigation of infertility and abnormal pregnancy.