gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Capacity planning under demand uncertainty for semiconductor manufacturing (2003)

In the semiconductor industry, capacity planning, the calculation of number of tools needed to manufacture forecasted product demands, is difficult because of sensitivity to product mix and uncertainty in future demand. Planning for a single demand profile can result in a large gap between planned capacity and actual capability when the realized product mix turns out differently from the one planned. This paper presents a method which accepts this uncertainty and uses stochastic integer programming to find a tool set robust to changes in demand. It considers a set of possible, discrete demand scenarios with associated probabilities, and determines the tools to purchase, under a budget constraint, to minimize weighted average unmet demand. The resulting robust tool set deals well with all the scenarios at no or minimal additional cost compared to that for a single demand profile. We also discuss the modifications of conventional business processes, needed to implement this method for dealing explicitly with uncertainty in demand.
Shape transitions in soft spheres regulated by elasticity (2013)

We study elasticity-driven morphological transitions of soft spherical core shell structures in which the core can be treated as an isotropic elastic continuum and the surface or shell as a tensionless liquid layer, whose elastic response is dominated by bending. To generate the transitions, we consider the case where the surface area of the liquid layer is increased for a fixed amount of interior elastic material. We find that generically there is a critical excess surface area at which the isotropic sphere becomes unstable to buckling. At this point it adopts a lower symmetry wrinkled structure that can be described by a spherical harmonic deformation. We study the dependence of the buckled sphere and critical excess area of the transition on the elastic parameters and size of the system. We also relate our results to recent experiments on the wrinkling of gel-filled vesicles as their interior volume is reduced. The theory may have broader applications to a variety of related structures from the macroscopic to the microscopic, including the wrinkling of dried peas, raisins, as well as the cell nucleus.
Visco‐elastic properties of thin films probed with a quartz crystal resonator (1991)

Abstract We report on the visco‐elastic characterization of thin layers using a quartz crystal resonator. A parallel ellipsometric setup is used to determine optical thicknesses. A theory of thickness shear resonators covered with visco‐elastic films is presented. The glass transition of a 350 nm film of low‐molecular‐weight polystyrene can be followed. Secondary resonances in frequency shift and damping are observed, when the wavelength of transverse sound is in the same order of magnitude as its thickness. The UV‐induced desorption of poly[(bis)‐m‐butoxy‐phenyl‐silane] shows strong visco‐elastic effects, if done under oxygen atmosphere. Desorption via an oily phase consisting of medium‐size oligomers is suggested.
Supplementary Figure S4: Timing of post-ipilimumab biopsy does not impact immune infiltration from Anti-CTLA-4 Immunotherapy Does Not Deplete FOXP3<sup>+</sup> Regulatory T Cells (Tregs) in Human Cancers (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Scatter plots representing correlation analysis between timing of the post-Ipi treatment biopsy and immune infiltration (CD4, CD8 and FOXP3) in human melanoma tumors for A) ipilimumab, and B) tremelimumab. Each dot represents an individual patient, and statistical significance is defined as P &lt; 0.05. The slope of the plot is given by the Spearman rank correlation r.&lt;/p&gt;
Myocardial Infarction–Associated Transcript, a Long Noncoding RNA, Is Overexpressed During Dilated Cardiomyopathy Due to Chronic Chagas Disease (2016)

Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) modulate gene expression at the epigenetic, transcriptional, and posttranscriptional levels. Dysregulation of the lncRNA known as myocardial infarction-associated transcript (MIAT) has been associated with myocardial infarction. Chagas disease causes a severe inflammatory dilated chronic cardiomyopathy (CCC). We investigated the role of MIAT in CCC. A whole-transcriptome analysis of heart biopsy specimens and formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded samples revealed that MIAT was overexpressed in patients with CCC, compared with subjects with noninflammatory dilated cardiomyopathy and controls. These results were confirmed in a mouse model. Results suggest that MIAT is a specific biomarker of CCC.
PERSISTENT IMMUNOGENICITY OF RAT THYMIC EPITHELIUM (1989)

Culture of thymus tissue in 2-deoxyguanosine (2dGua) is thought to reduce tissue immunogenicity by selectively depleting highly immunogenic, thymic migrants of bone marrow origin. In the mouse 2dGua-treated thymus tissue survival is markedly enhanced compared with untreated tissue when transplanted under the kidney capsule of allogeneic recipients. These experiments were repeated in a rat model. As expected, DA strain neonatal thymus tissue was rejected when transplanted under the kidney capsule of normal allogeneic strain PVG rats. Surprisingly, acute rejection occurred when the tissue was cultured in 4 mM 2dGua, a dose capable of destroying rat thymocytes in vitro and 3 times the effective dose in mice. To test whether residual marrowderived cells that escaped 2dGua treatment were responsible for inducing rejection, the treated DA tissue was “parked” in T cell—depleted PVG rats. Our working hypothesis was that the few remaining donor-derived cells of marrow origin would be overgrown by host-type cells. When 2dGua-treated DA thymus tissue was transplanted into T cell—depleted PVG recipients rejection did not occur. However this DA tissue, parked for as long as 200 days in T cell—depleted rats, was acutely rejected when retransplanted into normal PVG recipients. These results suggest that rat thymic epithelium devoid of marrow-derived cells is innately immunogenic.
Securing Downlink Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access Systems by Trusted\n Relays (2018)

A downlink single-input single-output non-orthogonal multiple access system\nis considered in which a base station (BS) is communicating with two legitimate\nusers in the presence of an external eavesdropper. A group of trusted\ncooperative half-duplex relay nodes, powered by the BS, is employed to assist\nthe BS's transmission. The goal is to design relaying schemes such that the\nlegitimate users' secrecy rate region is maximized subject to a total power\nconstraint on the BS and the relays' transmissions. Three relaying schemes are\ninvestigated: cooperative jamming, decode-and-forward, and amplify-and-forward.\nDepending on the scheme, secure beamforming signals are carefully designed for\nthe relay nodes that either diminish the eavesdropper's rate without affecting\nthat of the legitimate users, or increase the legitimate users' rates without\nincreasing that of the eavesdropper. The results show that there is no relaying\nscheme that fits all conditions; the best relaying scheme depends on the system\nparameters, namely, the relays' and eavesdropper's distances from the BS, and\nthe number of relays. They also show that the relatively simple cooperative\njamming scheme outperforms other schemes when the relays are far from the BS\nand/or close to the eavesdropper.\n
Interaction of HIV‐1 with dendritic cell‐specific intercellular adhesion molecule‐3‐grabbing nonintegrin‐expressing cells is influenced by gp120 envelope modifications associated with disease progression (2006)

Dendritic cells can enhance the replication of HIV-1 in CD4(+) lymphocytes through the interaction of the gp120 envelope protein with such molecules as dendritic cell-specific intercellular adhesion molecule-3-grabbing nonintegrin. The variable loops of gp120 have previously been shown to modulate the interaction of HIV-1 with its principal receptor CD4 and its various coreceptors, namely CCR5 and CXCR4. Here, we utilized a panel of molecular cloned viruses to identify whether gp120 modifications can influence the virus interaction with immature dendritic cells or a cell line expressing dendritic cell-specific intercellular adhesion molecule-3-grabbing nonintegrin (Raji-DC-SIGN). The viruses encompass the R5, R5X4 and X4 phenotypes, and are based upon V1V2 and V3 sequences from a patient with disease progression. We found that dendritic cell-specific intercellular adhesion molecule-3-grabbing nonintegrin enhancement of virus replication can be modulated by the V1V2 length, the overall V3 charge and N-linked glycosylation patterns; similar results were observed with immature dendritic cells. Viruses with higher V3 charges are more readily transferred to CD4(+) lymphocytes when the V1V2 region is longer and contains an additional N-linked glycosylation site, whereas transfer of viruses with lower V3 charges is greater when the V1V2 region is shorter. Viruses differing in the V1V2 and V3 regions also demonstrated differential capture by Raji-DC-SIGN cells in the presence of mannan. These results indicate that the interaction between HIV-1 and immature dendritic cells via such molecules as dendritic cell-specific intercellular adhesion molecule-3-grabbing nonintegrin may have a role in selecting viruses undergoing transmission and evolution during disease progression.
Recapitulation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae of Cytochrome b Mutations Conferring Resistance to Atovaquone in Pneumocystis jiroveci (2003)

ABSTRACT Pneumocystis jiroveci (human-derived P. carinii ) is an opportunistic pathogenic fungus which causes pneumonia and is life-threatening in immunocompromised individuals. Spontaneously acquired resistance to atovaquone, a hydroxynaphthoquinone that is used to treat P. jiroveci infections, was linked to mutations in the mitochondrially encoded cytochrome b gene. Because P. jiroveci cannot be easily cultivated, we have developed Saccharomyces cerevisiae as an alternative system to study atovaquone resistance mutations. In this work, we introduced seven mutations linked with atovaquone resistance in P. jiroveci into the S. cerevisiae cytochrome b gene. The effects of the mutations on the respiratory function and on the sensitivity to the inhibitor were then characterized. Six of the reported mutations lowered the sensitivity of the S. cerevisiae bc 1 complex to atovaquone, while one mutation had no effect on the drug resistance. These results were confirmed by monitoring the in vivo resistance of S. cerevisiae mutants which carried both the cytochrome b mutations and a deletion of the ABC transporter genes, allowing the drug to bypass the weakened efflux pump system. S. cerevisiae thus provides an easy-to-use system to characterize in vivo and in vitro cytochrome b mutations reported in pathogens and to assess their role in drug resistance.
Detection of the anti‐Hu antibody in the serum of patients with small cell lung cancer—A quantitative western blot analysis (1990)

We looked for the presence of the anti-Hu antibody in the sera from 50 normal subjects; 44 patients with small cell lung cancer, not associated with paraneoplastic disease; and 25 patients with small cell lung cancer associated with paraneoplastic sensory neuropathy, encephalomyelitis, or both. Using the avidin-biotin immunoperoxidase method and a highly sensitive quantitative Western blot analysis, the anti-Hu antibody was not detected in the 50 normal human sera. Seven of the 44 patients with small cell lung cancer but no paraneoplastic syndrome had detectable levels (average titer, 76 U/ml) of anti-Hu antibody on Western blot. These levels are significantly lower than the average titer of the 25 patients who had small cell lung cancer and paraneoplastic sensory neuropathy or encephalomyelitis (average titer, 4,592 U/ml). In the group with nonparaneoplastic small cell lung cancer (low anti-Hu titer) there was a predominance of women (5 women: 2 men), and all patients had "limited" disease when diagnosed. In the antibody-negative group the sex ratio was 16 women to 21 men and 51% of the patients had "extensive" disease. None of the 7 patients with a low-titer anti-Hu antibody developed a paraneoplastic syndrome by the time of writing. The anti-Hu antibody appears, when present, to be a good marker for small cell lung cancer and, when present at high titer, for small cell lung cancer associated with a paraneoplastic syndrome.
Growth, characterization and duality of BaZnGa (2017)

We report the growth, structure and characterization of BaZnGa, identifying it as the sole known ternary compound in the Ba-Zn-Ga system. Single crystals of BaZnGa can be grown out of excess Ba-Zn and adopt a tI36 structure type. There are three unique Ba sites and three M\,=\,Zn/Ga sites. Using DFT calculations we can argue that whereas one of these three M sites is probably solely occupied by Ga, the other two M sites, most likely, have mixed Zn/Ga occupancy. Temperature dependent resistivity and magnetization measurements suggest that BaZnGa is a poor metal with no electronic or magnetic phase transitions between 2\,K and 300\,K.
One‐Pot Synthesis of Renewable Phthalic Anhydride from 5‐Hydroxymethfurfural by using MoO3/Cu(NO3)2 as Catalyst (2019)

Herein, a synthetic pathway to renewable phthalic anhydride (PA) from 5-hydroxymethfurfural (HMF) in one pot is reported. The commonly available catalysts MoO<sub>3</sub> and Cu(NO<sub>3</sub> )<sub>2</sub> play a crucial role in integrating the multiple steps of the reaction, namely decarbonylation of HMF to active furyl intermediate (AFI), oxidation of HMF to maleic anhydride (MA), Diels-Alder cycloaddition of AFI and MA, and subsequent dehydration, in one pot. Under mild reaction conditions, a 63.2 % yield of PA is obtained from HMF. Compared with the currently reported route to renewable PA based on the Diels-Alder cycloaddition of biomass-derived MA and furan, this convenient one-pot synthesis represents a great improvement in efficiency.
Use of a dynamic rangeshifter for modifying the depth‐dose distributions of negative pions (1977)

In order to use negative pions for the treatment of large deep-seated tumors in radiotherapy, it is necessary to produce depth-dose distributions tailored to specific shapes. We present here a method of beam shaping which utilizes a fluid-filled piston having a programmable, computer-controlled, time-dependent thickness. The fluid alters the residual range of the pions such that predetermined depth-dose distributions can be obtained. Changing from one distribution to another can be accomplished simply and rapidly without access to the treatment room. Depth-dose distributions which are flat over a range in depth up to 10 cm have been produced. Distributions tailored to produce flat "effective dose" versus depth have also been obtained.
COLLATERAL ISSUES IN TIMES OF COVID-19: CHILD ABUSE, DOMESTIC VIOLENCE AND FEMICIDE (2020)

Worldwide there is evidence of the increase of violence against women (gender-based) and children (gender and age-based) during the global pandemic of COVID-19. This literature review offers an overview of data on domestic and intimate partner violence (IPV) as it currently stands in some countries during the pandemic, describing deep psychosocial issues that illustrate the intergenerational transmission of violent actions, uncovering how these acts are unconsciously reproduced within families as a lack of conscious differentiation between them and the cultural, socio-economic norms that surround them takes place, as if normalising the brutality of gender inequality [violence as a representation of masculinity], minimising the effects of witnessing to violence, and/or practising violence as a form of discipline. Furthermore, it also includes recommendations that aim to mitigate risks and consequences of violence, and emphasises the urgency that must be in place to guarantee public access to health care services adapted to our new reality / COVID-19. In conclusion, we accentuate that the pandemic might accelerate public measures on decision making that target vulnerable women and children and make them regular in case they are judged efficient in face of an ever-growing phenomenon, that is the unfortunate banalisation of violent acts and narratives.
Carrier-Resolved Photo Hall Measurement in World-Record-Quality Perovskite and Kesterite Solar Absorbers (2018)

Majority and minority carrier properties such as type, density and mobility represent fundamental yet difficult to access parameters governing semiconductor device performance, most notably solar cells. Obtaining this information simultaneously under light illumination would unlock many critical parameters such as recombination lifetime, recombination coefficient, and diffusion length; while deeply interesting for optoelectronic devices, this goal has remained elusive. We demonstrate here a new carrier-resolved photo-Hall technique that rests on a new identity relating hole-electron mobility difference ($Δμ$), Hall coefficient ($h$), and conductivity ($σ$): $Δμ=(2+d\ln h/d\ln σ)\,h\,σ$, and a rotating parallel dipole line ac-field Hall system with Fourier/lock-in detection for clean Hall signal measurement. We successfully apply this technique to recent world-record-quality perovskite and kesterite films and map the results against varying light intensities, demonstrating unprecedented simultaneous access to the above-mentioned parameters.
The Experimental Induction of Out-of-Body Experiences (2007)

I report an illusion in which individuals experience that they are located outside their physical bodies and looking at their bodies from this perspective. This demonstrates that the experience of being localized within the physical body can be determined by the visual perspective in conjunction with correlated multisensory information from the body.
Activation of Protein Kinase A in Mature Osteoblasts Promotes a Major Bone Anabolic Response (2015)

Protein kinase A (PKA) regulates osteoblast cell function in vitro and is activated by important bone mass modulating agents. We determined whether PKA activation in osteoblasts is sufficient to mediate a bone anabolic response. Thus, a mouse model conditionally expressing a constitutively active PKA (CA-PKA) in osteoblasts (CA-PKA-OB mouse) was developed by crossing a 2.3-kb α1 (I)-collagen promoter-Cre mouse with a floxed-CA-PKA mouse. Primary osteoblasts from the CA-PKA-OB mice exhibited higher basal PKA activity than those from control mice. Microcomputed tomographic analysis revealed that CA-PKA-OB female mice had an 8.6-fold increase in femoral but only 1.16-fold increase in lumbar 5 vertebral bone volume/total volume. Femur cortical thickness and volume were also higher in the CA-PKA-OB mice. In contrast, alterations in many femoral microcomputed tomographic parameters in male CA-PKA-OB mice were modest. Interestingly, the 3-dimensional structure model index was substantially lower both in femur and lumbar 5 of male and female CA-PKA-OB mice, reflecting an increase in the plate to rod-like structure ratio. In agreement, femurs from female CA-PKA-OB mice had greater load to failure and were stiffer compared with those of control mice. Furthermore, the CA-PKA-OB mice had higher levels of serum bone turnover markers and increased osteoblast and osteoclast numbers per total tissue area compared with control animals. In summary, constitutive activation of PKA in osteoblasts is sufficient to increase bone mass and favorably modify bone architecture and improve mechanical properties. PKA activation in mature osteoblasts is, therefore, an important target for designing anabolic drugs for treating diseases with bone loss.
A Novel Copper Chelate Catalyzed Ring Closure Reaction of 1,2-Bisketenes with Alcohols To Give 5-Alkoxy-2,3-dihydrofuran-2-ones (1998)

Copper complexes with distorted tetrahedral structure in solution catalyze regioselectively the cyclization of 1,2-bisketenes with alcohols to give 5-alkoxy-2,3-dihydrofuran-2-ones in very high yields (shown on the right). It seems remarkable that these new compounds could remain undiscovered despite having structural similarities with a great number of well-investigated and biologically active butenolides.
Bayesian sonar detection performance prediction in the presence of interference in uncertain environments (2005)

The detection performance of sonar systems can be greatly limited by the presence of interference and environmental uncertainty. The classic sonar equation does not take into account these two limiting factors and is inaccurate in predicting sonar detection performance. Here we have developed closed-form receiver operating characteristic (ROC) performance expressions for the Bayesian detector in the presence of interference in uncertain environments. Various scenarios extended from a NRL benchmark shallow-water model were used to test the analytical ROC expressions and to analyze the effects of interference and environmental uncertainty on detection performance. The results show that (1) the degradation on detection performance due to interference is greatly magnified by the presence of environmental uncertainty; (2) Bayesian sonar detection performance depends on the following fundamental parameters: the signal-to-noise ratio, the rank of the signal matrix, and the signal-to-interference coefficient; (3) the proposed analytical ROC performance predictions can be computed much faster than performance evaluations with commonly used Monte Carlo techniques.
Suppression of dimethylhydrazine-induced carcinogenesis in mice by dietary addition of the Bowman-Birk protease inhibitor. (1990)

In the present study the effect of feeding the soybean-derived Bowman-Birk protease inhibitor (BBI) on dimethylhydrazine (DHM)-induced gastrointestinal tract and liver carcinogenesis in mice was examined. In this investigation we found the addition of 0.5 or 0.1% semipurified BBI or 0.1% purified BBI to the diet of DMH-treated mice resulted in a statistically significant suppression of angiosarcomas and nodular hyperplasia of the liver and adenomatous tumors of the gastrointestinal tract. Autoclaved BBI or BBI which had its trypsin inhibitory domain specifically inactivated was found to be ineffective in suppressing the induction of these liver and gastrointestinal tract lesions. The results of this study also indicate that BBI, included as 0.5% of the diet or less, has the ability to suppress carcinogenesis with no observed adverse effects on the health of the mice.
A Preliminary Study on the Extracellular Amylase of a Bacillus sp. that Increases the Permeability of Water-Stored Sitka Spruce (Picea sitchensis) (1973)

Conference Article| March 01 1973 A Preliminary Study on the Extracellular Amylase of a Bacillus sp. that Increases the Permeability of Water-Stored Sitka Spruce (Picea sitchensis) OWEN P. WARD; OWEN P. WARD 1Department of Industrial Microbiology, University College, Ardmore, Stillorgan Road, Dublin 4, Irish Republic Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar WILLIAM M. FOGARTY WILLIAM M. FOGARTY 1Department of Industrial Microbiology, University College, Ardmore, Stillorgan Road, Dublin 4, Irish Republic Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Biochem Soc Trans (1973) 1 (2): 403–406. https://doi.org/10.1042/bst0010403 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter LinkedIn Cite Icon Cite Get Permissions Citation OWEN P. WARD, WILLIAM M. FOGARTY; A Preliminary Study on the Extracellular Amylase of a Bacillus sp. that Increases the Permeability of Water-Stored Sitka Spruce (Picea sitchensis). Biochem Soc Trans 1 March 1973; 1 (2): 403–406. doi: https://doi.org/10.1042/bst0010403 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll JournalsBiochemical Society Transactions Search Advanced Search This content is only available as a PDF. © 1973 Biochemical Society1973 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.