gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Detection by complementation of defective or uninducible (herpes simplex type 1) virus genomes latent in human ganglia. (1979)

Reconstruction experiments have shown that temperature-sensitive (ts) mutants of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1)(Glasgow strain 17) grow, complement, and recombine with similar efficiency in human nerve ganglion cells, human brain cells, normal human fibroblasts (WI38), and baby hamster kidney (BHK) 21/C13 hamster cells. Cultures of human trigeminal, superior cervical, and vagus ganglia that had failed to release herpes simplex virus spontaneously were superinfected with a range of ts mutants of HSV-1 and incubated at both permissive (31 degrees C) and nonpermissive (38.5 degrees C) temperatures. Progeny virus was assayed at both temperatures to determine if complementation of or recombination with the input genomes had occurred. The results showed that the ganglia from 8 of 14 individuals, which had been consistently negative for spontaneous release of virus, contained information that could be detected or rescued following superinfection with ts mutants of herpes simplex virus. In two additional cases, positive results were obtained after the superinfection of negative ganglia explants, but in each of these herpes simplex virus had previously been spontaneously released from one of six ganglia explanted.
Cellular and developmental control of O2 homeostasis by hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (1998)

Hypoxia is an essential developmental and physiological stimulus that plays a key role in the pathophysiology of cancer, heart attack, stroke, and other major causes of mortality. Hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1) is the only known mammalian transcription factor expressed uniquely in response to physiologically relevant levels of hypoxia. We now report that in Hif1a-/- embryonic stem cells that did not express the O2-regulated HIF-1alpha subunit, levels of mRNAs encoding glucose transporters and glycolytic enzymes were reduced, and cellular proliferation was impaired. Vascular endothelial growth factor mRNA expression was also markedly decreased in hypoxic Hif1a-/- embryonic stem cells and cystic embryoid bodies. Complete deficiency of HIF-1alpha resulted in developmental arrest and lethality by E11 of Hif1a-/- embryos that manifested neural tube defects, cardiovascular malformations, and marked cell death within the cephalic mesenchyme. In Hif1a+/+ embryos, HIF-1alpha expression increased between E8.5 and E9.5, coincident with the onset of developmental defects and cell death in Hif1a-/- embryos. These results demonstrate that HIF-1alpha is a master regulator of cellular and developmental O2 homeostasis.
MyoD and E-protein heterodimers switch rhabdomyosarcoma cells from an arrested myoblast phase to a differentiated state (2009)

Rhabdomyosarcomas are characterized by expression of myogenic specification genes, such as MyoD and/or Myf5, and some muscle structural genes in a population of cells that continues to replicate. Because MyoD is sufficient to induce terminal differentiation in a variety of cell types, we have sought to determine the molecular mechanisms that prevent MyoD activity in human embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma cells. In this study, we show that a combination of inhibitory Musculin:E-protein complexes and a novel splice form of E2A compete with MyoD for the generation of active full-length E-protein:MyoD heterodimers. A forced heterodimer between MyoD and the full-length E12 robustly restores differentiation in rhabdomyosarcoma cells and broadly suppresses multiple inhibitory pathways. Our studies indicate that rhabdomyosarcomas represent an arrested progress through a normal transitional state that is regulated by the relative abundance of heterodimers between MyoD and the full-length E2A proteins. The demonstration that multiple inhibitory mechanisms can be suppressed and myogenic differentiation can be induced in the RD rhabdomyosarcomas by increasing the abundance of MyoD:E-protein heterodimers suggests a central integrating function that can be targeted to force differentiation in muscle cancer cells.
An efficient solution for correlative microscopy and co-localized observations based on multiscale multimodal machine-readable nanoGPS tags (2021)

Abstract For a long time, investigating the same regions of interest of a sample with different instruments has been recognized as a very useful approach in various scientific fields. This paper presents an original solution for spotting the same points of interest with a high degree of accuracy and simplicity using different microscopes. It is based on small patterned tags fixed to the samples or their substrates. The patterns include an image-based position-sensing technology, for which an image of a small part of the tag can be automatically converted to absolute coordinates and angular orientation. Taking a single snapshot of the tag with an imaging instrument provides a correspondence between the sample and the coordinates of the moving stage. Co-localized observations performed with scanning electron microscopes, optical microscopes, and Raman microscopes are presented. The accuracy is in the range of a few µm up to 20 µm, which is generally sufficient to remove any ambiguity between the observed objects. The different contributions to colocalization errors are investigated experimentally and it is shown that errors related to the tags are negligible and that the main source of error is related to the accuracy of the moving stages integrated into the microscopes. A straightforward estimation of the relocalization error can be performed. It is believed that this solution will save researchers time and facilitate cooperation between laboratories.
A carrier-based approach for overmodulation of three-level neutral-point-clamped inverter with zero neutral-point current (2012)

In a voltage source inverter, overmodulation is required to extend the range of operation and enhance the dc-link voltage utilization. A carrier-based implementation of a modulation strategy for the three-level neutral-point-clamped inverter is proposed for the overmodulation region. The modulation strategy ensures zero average neutral-point current in a switching period. A newly proposed boundary compression is used to regulate the dc-link voltage at all operating points. A description of the algorithm to implement the modulation strategy is also presented. The main advantage of the proposed algorithm is its simplicity. The reference signals for the PWM can be calculated using maximum six steps and does not require knowledge of the reference vector angle. The modulation strategy has been implemented in a three-level neutral-point-clamped inverter, and experimental results are presented.
Gas Permeability, Solubility, and Diffusion Coefficients in 1,2-Polybutadiene Containing Magnesium Oxide (2008)

Magnesium oxide nanoparticles (3 nm) were dispersed in 1,2-polybutadiene via solution casting. Particles were observed to be dispersed into submicron aggregates using atomic force microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The nanocomposite density was consistently lower than that anticipated on the basis of an additive model, suggesting the presence of voids in the nanocomposites. The incorporation of nanoparticles into 1,2-polybutadiene increased acid gas (i.e., CO2) and nonpolar gas (i.e., CH4, N2) permeability with increasing particle loading. For instance, CO2 permeability increased from 52 barrer in the unfilled polymer to 650 barrer in a nanocomposite containing 27 vol % (nominal) MgO, at 35 °C and a feed pressure of 12 atm. CO2/nonpolar gas selectivity decreased with increasing particle loading, while CH4/N2 selectivity was not influenced by the particles. Gas solubility increased systematically with increasing particle loading. In contrast, gas diffusion coefficients initially decreased with increasing particle loading and then increased with increasing loading at particle loadings greater than 10 vol % (nominal).
Endothelial Progenitor Cells: From Bench to Bedside (2006)

Strong evidence suggests that bone marrow-derived cells play a role in physiological and pathological blood vessel growth in the adult, both by augmenting angiogenesis through the secretion of angiogenic growth factors and by providing a rich source of progenitor cells that can differentiate into mature vascular endothelial cells. This is a true paradigm shift, since adult neovascularization processes were thought to be limited to angiogenesis. The cells that are critical to postnatal blood vessel growth - endothelial progenitor cells - may be analogous to the embryonic angioblast, in that they can circulate, proliferate and participate in the development of vascular networks by differentiating in situ, probably via the formation of cell clusters into mature endothelial cells. Therefore, initial reports have seen analogs to the process of vasculogenesis in the embryo, where the de novo synthesis of vessels occurs through the formation of blood island-like clusters, which subsequently connect and eventually form systemic vasculature. Recent work implicates precursors of endothelial cells in such processes as myocardial ischemia and infarction, limb ischemia, wound healing, atherosclerosis, endogenous endothelial repair and tumor vascularization. These new insights into the vascular biology of endothelial regeneration and repair led to the development of new cell therapeutic strategies to enhance adult neovascularization and re-endothelialization in ischemic cardiovascular diseases.
Mild Electrical Stimulation and Heat Shock Ameliorates Progressive Proteinuria and Renal Inflammation in Mouse Model of Alport Syndrome (2012)

Alport syndrome is a hereditary glomerulopathy with proteinuria and nephritis caused by defects in genes encoding type IV collagen in the glomerular basement membrane. All male and most female patients develop end-stage renal disease. Effective treatment to stop or decelerate the progression of proteinuria and nephritis is still under investigation. Here we showed that combination treatment of mild electrical stress (MES) and heat stress (HS) ameliorated progressive proteinuria and renal injury in mouse model of Alport syndrome. The expressions of kidney injury marker neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin and pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-1β were suppressed by MES+HS treatment. The anti-proteinuric effect of MES+HS treatment is mediated by podocytic activation of phosphatidylinositol 3-OH kinase (PI3K)-Akt and heat shock protein 72 (Hsp72)-dependent pathways in vitro and in vivo. The anti-inflammatory effect of MES+HS was mediated by glomerular activation of c-jun NH(2)-terminal kinase 1/2 (JNK1/2) and p38-dependent pathways ex vivo. Collectively, our studies show that combination treatment of MES and HS confers anti-proteinuric and anti-inflammatory effects on Alport mice likely through the activation of multiple signaling pathways including PI3K-Akt, Hsp72, JNK1/2, and p38 pathways, providing a novel candidate therapeutic strategy to decelerate the progression of patho-phenotypes in Alport syndrome.
Reduced graphene oxide as a filament material for thermal ionization mass spectrometry (2018)

Isotopic information can be informative as to the intended use and/or production history of special nuclear material. For uranium and plutonium samples, thermal ionization mass spectrometry (TIMS) is the benchmark technique for determining isotope ratio data. Sample utilization in thermal ionization, however, is low with typical ionization efficiencies between 0.1% and 0.5% - i.e., only 0.1% to 0.5% of the sample contributes to the detected signal. One barrier to improving the ionization efficiency is thermodynamic limits related to the work function of the ionization filament. Graphene oxide, having a tunable work function, has the potential to greatly improve ionization efficiencies over Re or W-based filaments. The bulk work function of graphene can be tuned through doping or incorporating metal particulates in the graphene oxide matrix. In the first year of this LDRD project reduced graphene oxide (RGO) filaments were constructed using 3D printing techniques and mated to commercial filament posts. The second year of this LDRD produced ultra-low U background RGO filaments and RGO-composite filaments that are more robust than Re filaments at high temperatures and high vacuum conditions. Preliminary results using a commercial TIMS instrument demonstrate a 500 % ionization enhancement for Uranium when using Re-RGO composite-based filaments over traditional Re filaments when direct loading sample solutions onto filaments.
Light (anti)nuclei production in Pb-Pb collisions at sNN=5.02 TeV (2023)

The measurement of the production of deuterons, tritons and $^{3}\mathrm{He}$ and their antiparticles in Pb-Pb collisions at $\sqrt{{s}_{NN}}=5.02\phantom{\rule{4pt}{0ex}}\mathrm{TeV}$ is presented in this article. The measurements are carried out at midrapidity $(|y|&lt; 0.5)$ as a function of collision centrality using the ALICE detector. The ${p}_{\mathrm{T}}$-integrated yields, the coalescence parameters and the ratios to protons and antiprotons are reported and compared with nucleosynthesis models. The comparison of these results in different collision systems at different center-of-mass collision energies reveals a suppression of nucleus production in small systems. In the Statistical Hadronisation Model framework, this can be explained by a small correlation volume where the baryon number is conserved, as already shown in previous fluctuation analyses. However, a different size of the correlation volume is required to describe the proton yields in the same data sets. The coalescence model can describe this suppression by the fact that the wave functions of the nuclei are large and the fireball size starts to become comparable and even much smaller than the actual nucleus at low multiplicities.
Function and subsets of dendritic cells and natural killer cells were decreased in gastric cancer. (2014)

Dendritic cells (DCs) and natural killer (NK) cells initiate specific immune responses against tumor cells. The aim of the present study was to determine the cytotoxicity and the subsets of the DC and NK cells and the cytokines level of DC and NK cells from cancer tissue and peripheral blood in the gastric cancer patients. Cytotoxicity of DC and NK was determined using the Cytotox non-radioactive assay. The cytotoxic activity of DC or NK isolated from cancer tissue and peripheral blood was attenuated in gastric cancer patients. CD11c, CD80, CD83, CD16, CD57 and CD69 were decreased in the cancer tissue and peripheral blood in the gastric cancer patients. CD86, CCR7 and CD59 were no significance in the cancer tissue and peripheral blood from gastric cancer patients. Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-2, T-bet and IL-15Rβ levels were decreased in DC and NK from the gastric cancer tissue and peripheral blood in the gastric cancer patients. IL-15 and IL-15Rα level were no significance in DC and NK in the gastric cancer tissue and peripheral blood in the gastric cancer patients. These results indicate that the cytotoxic activity and subsets and cytokines of DC and NK cells in the cancer tissue and peripheral blood in the gastric cancer patients were decreased. The decrease of subsets content and cytokines of DC and NK may contribute to a decrease in the function of DC and NK in the tissue and peripheral blood in the gastric cancer patients.
Feeding filaggrin: effects of L-histidine supplementation in atopic dermatitis (2017)

Abstract: Atopic dermatitis (AD), also known as eczema, is one of the most common chronic skin conditions worldwide, affecting up to 16% of children and 10% of adults. It is incurable and has significant psychosocial and economic impacts on the affected individuals. AD etiology has been linked to deficiencies in the skin barrier protein, filaggrin. In mammalian skin, l-histidine is rapidly incorporated into filaggrin. Subsequent filaggrin proteolysis releases l-histidine as an important natural moisturizing factor (NMF). In vitro studies were conducted to investigate the influence of l-histidine on filaggrin processing and barrier function in human skin-equivalent models. Our further aim was to examine the effects of daily oral l-histidine supplementation on disease severity in adult AD patients. We conducted a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover, nutritional supplementation pilot study to explore the effects of oral l-histidine in adult AD patients (n=24). In vitro studies demonstrated that l-histidine significantly increased both filaggrin formation and skin barrier function ( P <0.01, respectively). Data from the clinical study indicated that once daily oral l-histidine significantly reduced ( P <0.003) AD disease severity by 34% (physician assessment using the SCORingAD tool) and 39% (patient self-assessment using the Patient Oriented Eczema Measure tool) after 4 weeks of treatment. No improvement was noted with the placebo ( P >0.32). The clinical effect of oral l-histidine in AD was similar to that of mid-potency topical corticosteroids and combined with its safety profile suggests that it may be a safe, nonsteroidal approach suitable for long-term use in skin conditions that are associated with filaggrin deficits such as AD. Keywords: atopic dermatitis, eczema, filaggrin, l-histidine, amino acid, skin barrier, nutritional supplement
Catalytic Analysis of the Validamycin Glycosyltransferase (ValG) and Enzymatic Production of 4′′-epi-Validamycin A (2008)

ValG is a glycosyltransferase (GT) that is responsible for the glucosylation of validoxylamine A to validamycin A. To explore the potential utilization of ValG as a tool for the production of validamycin analogues, a number of nucleotidyldiphosphate-sugars were evaluated as alternative substrates for ValG. The results indicated that in addition to its natural substrate, UDP-glucose, ValG also efficiently utilized UDP-galactose as sugar donor and resulted in the production of an unnatural compound, 4''-epi-validamycin A. The new compound demonstrated a moderate growth inhibitory activity against the plant fungal pathogen Rhizoctonia solani (= Pellicularia sasakii). A comparative analysis of ValG with its homologous proteins revealed that ValG contains an unusual DTG motif, in place of the DXD motif proposed for metal ion binding and/or NDP-sugar binding and commonly found in other glycosyltransferases. Site-directed mutagenesis of the DTG motif of ValG to DCD altered its preferences for metal ion binding, but did not seem to affect its substrate specificity.
Exponential shadow maps (2008)

Figure 1: A backyard scene rendered with a 2k × 2k shadow map and 5 × 5 Gauss filtering using (from left to right, statistics include mip-map memory): CSMs
Coherent backscattering spectroscopy (2004)

Coherent backscattering (CBS) of light in random media has been previously investigated by use of coherent light sources. Here we report a novel method of CBS measurement that combines low spatial coherence, broadband illumination, and spectrally resolved detection. We show that low spatial coherence illumination leads to an anomalously broad CBS peak and a dramatic speckle reduction; the latter is further facilitated by low temporal coherence detection. Thus CBS can be observed in biological tissue and other media that previously were beyond the reach of conventional CBS measurements. We also demonstrate, for the first time to our knowledge, spectroscopic analysis of CBS. CBS spectroscopy may find important applications in probing random media such as biological tissue in which depth-selective measurements are crucial.
A novel reduced order model for drone impacts with aircraft structures (2023)

Abstract Small unmanned aerial vehicles are a threat for manned aviation. Their increased use by hobby pilots and within the commercial sector has been accompanied by an increase in incidents involving manned aircraft. The problem is that current aircraft structures are designed to resist collisions with birds. They are not designed to withstand drone impacts. The composition of drones differs significantly from previously known load cases. Drones consist of several components with various materials. This means, that there is no analytic model to determine the impact force of such drone strikes with aircraft structures. Within this work, a novel reduced order model for drone impacts is developed. It is validated with high velocity impact test data and explicit finite element simulations. The impact of fragmenting components of the drone are modelled with the aircraft impact model. The impact of non-fragmenting components like motors are described with a spring-mass model. The results show that the approach of superimposing a spring-mass model with the aircraft impact model leads to good results. In case of a rigid target only minor deviations occur within the validity range of the model. Damage and degradation of the target is not included in the model what leads to larger deviations in case of an impact with deformable structures. Nevertheless, the model is very well suited for rapid load estimation and can qualitatively reproduce contact force curves. It can be used for preliminary design of aircraft structures without conducting time and cost intensive tests and simulations.
New optical techniques for diffusion studies in transparent liquid solutions (2003)

Three new optical techniques developed to study the process of diffusion in transparent liquids are discussed in this paper. The methods use multiple beam interferometry, Michelson interferometry and fringe projection respectively to determine the diffusion coefficient. The accuracy of these methods is comparable with other experimental methods. Detailed experimental analysis is given.
<title>Holographic photopolymer in hybrid sol-gel matrix</title> (2006)

The investigation of the casting and properties of the holographic photopolymer material in hybrid organic-inorganic binder with thickness 0.4-1 mm is described. The hybrid matrix formation was carried out by synthesis of N-vinylpyrrolidone vyniltriethoxysilane co-polymer and subsequent hydrolytic condensation of this co-polymer with tetraethoxysilane pre-sol. It is shown the possibility of formation of stable to crack the solid volume hybrid matrix at ratio pre-sol:co-polymer 1:4. Recording of transient and reflection holograms in hybrid 0.46 mm thickness photopolymer material was carried out. Angle selectivity of the transient hologram was 0.17° and shrinkage of material, measured by changing of Bragg condition of transient hologram didn't exceed 0.7%. The obtained holographic properties were improved on the order of value in comparison with photopolymer material in organic polymer binder.
Review of an 8-Year Experience with Modifications of Endoscopic Suspension of the Bladder Neck for Female Stress Urinary Incontinence (1990)

Several modifications of endoscopic suspension of the bladder neck for treatment of female stress urinary incontinence have been used during an 8-year period. Of 154 patients treated 25 failures occurred, for an over-all success rate of 84%. Fifteen patients had postoperative complications for an over-all complication rate of 9.8%. Hospital stay decreased steadily throughout the review period to a current average of 2.2 days, with many patients presently undergoing an operation on an outpatient basis.
Intraoperative Endoscopy for Laparoscopic Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass (2010)

Intraoperative endoscopy for LRNYGBP may reduce the leak rate postoperatively and also, may minimize postoperative endoscopy and surgical intervention for gastrointestinal bleeding.