gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Improved strength scaling for large ALON windows (2023)

ALON<sup>®</sup> Transparent Ceramic (ALON) consists primarily of aluminum and oxygen, similar to that of alumina, with a small amount of nitrogen added to help stabilize its cubic phase. Importantly, materials with cubic symmetry are optically isotropic, and consequently, transparent in their polycrystalline form. This allows ALON to be manufactured by conventional powder processing methods. ALON is deployed in several Vis-MWIR Sensor Window applications and provides outstanding environmental durability. Further, ALON windows are available in very large sizes as required for Defense reconnaissance systems. The conventional approach for predicting how the strength of a ceramic material scales from the small strength coupons (~1” diameter), to full sized sensor windows, which may be orders of magnitude larger, is to use Weibull scaling as is described by Harris et al in reference 1. Weibull scaling assumes that as the window gets larger and larger, the strength controlling flaws get larger too. However, this ignores the microstructure of the window material, and the role that the microstructure may have in limiting the size of strength controlling flaws. All materials, amorphous, single crystal and polycrystalline are therefore treated as equivalent. Jeff Swab et al2 measured strength in ALON samples over a range of sizes. The largest strength samples measured were &lt;11-in diameter. These ALON samples were purchased from Surmet with our standard commercial polish. We have the average strength and Weibull modulus data for samples produced with the same surface. Scaling the strength from coupons (~350MPa, and Weibull modulus m=3.11) to the largest samples broken by Swab et.al, predicts a strength of only 53 MPa. However, the actual strengths measured by Swab et.al. was 152+/-28 MPa, 3x higher than predicted. The potential role of ALON’s microstructure in this higher than predicted strength will be discussed, and future experiments will be proposed to determine an improved approach to scaling strength with area.
Outcomes After Arthroscopic Rotator Interval Closure for Shoulder Instability: A Systematic Review (2018)

Level IV, systematic review of Level II through IV studies.
Processing and classification of protein mass spectra (2006)

Among the many applications of mass spectrometry, biomarker pattern discovery from protein mass spectra has aroused considerable interest in the past few years. While research efforts have raised hopes of early and less invasive diagnosis, they have also brought to light the many issues to be tackled before mass-spectra-based proteomic patterns become routine clinical tools. Known issues cover the entire pipeline leading from sample collection through mass spectrometry analytics to biomarker pattern extraction, validation, and interpretation. This study focuses on the data-analytical phase, which takes as input mass spectra of biological specimens and discovers patterns of peak masses and intensities that discriminate between different pathological states. We survey current work and investigate computational issues concerning the different stages of the knowledge discovery process: exploratory analysis, quality control, and diverse transforms of mass spectra, followed by further dimensionality reduction, classification, and model evaluation. We conclude after a brief discussion of the critical biomedical task of analyzing discovered discriminatory patterns to identify their component proteins as well as interpret and validate their biological implications.
Kaposi’s Sarcoma-associated Herpesvirus Open Reading Frame (ORF) 50 Transactivates K8 and ORF57 Promoters via Heterogeneous Response Elements (2002)

Kaposi's sarcoma (KS)-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) belongs to the human gammaherpesvirus family that undergoes both lytic and latent life cycles in host cells. Open reading frame (ORF) 50 is the most important protein in reactivation to lytic phase and functions as a strong transcriptional activator of the early and late genes of KSHV. Since transactivation of promoters by ORF50 is achieved via response elements, we have attempted to identify ORF50 response elements in K8 and ORF57 promoters of KSHV by transient transfection assays with deletion mutants. Our data reveal that specific regions within the K8 (74661-74760) and ORF57 (81851-81931) promoters contain ORF50 response elements, which are heterogeneous, unlike those of Epstein-Barr virus and Herpesvirus saimiri. We additionally identify an AP-1 binding site at the ORF57 promoter between 81882 and 81889, and show that AP-1 participates in ORF57 promoter activation by ORF50. Our findings collectively indicate that ORF50 activates various viral proteins through both direct binding and cellular transcriptional factor-mediated mechanisms.
Emergence of Resistance to Colistin During the Treatment of Bloodstream Infection Caused by Klebsiella pneumoniae Carbapenemase–Producing Klebsiella pneumoniae (2018)

We report the emergence of colistin resistance in <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i> carbapenemase (KPC)-producing <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i> after 8 days of colistin-based therapy, resulting in relapse of bloodstream infection and death. Disruption of the <i>mgrB</i> gene by insertion of a mobile genetic element was found to be the mechanism, which was replicated in vitro after exposure to subinhibitory concentrations of colistin and meropenem.
Anodic oxidation of amines. IX. Anodic oxidation process of .ALPHA.-amino acids in aqueous buffer of pH 10. (1984)

Anodic oxidation of α-amino acids with and without a β-hydroxy group was investigated by cyclic voltammetry and controlled potential electrolysis in aqueous carbonate buffer of pH 10. The first wave of the α-amino acids is developed at nearly the same potentials as those observed for the corresponding simple aliphatic amines, showing that a β-hydroxy group does not significantly decrease the first oxidation potential, in contrast to the case of β-alkanolamines. Decarboxylation accompanied by dealkylation is the main reaction process, and a small amount of C-C bond fission also occurs only in the case of the β-hydroxy amino acids.
Fibre effect on shear behaviour of UHPC beams (2020)

Fibre Reinforced Concrete: From Design to Structural Applications (PDF) <i>fib</i> Bulletins No. 95. Fibre Reinforced Concrete: From Design to Structural Applications. Proceedings of the ACI-fib-RILEM International Workshop - FRC2018. Technical report (539 pages, ISBN 978-2-88394-142-7, August 2020)
Near‐infrared and visible‐light periocular recognition with Gabor features using frequency‐adaptive automatic eye detection (2015)

Periocular recognition has gained attention recently due to demands of increased robustness of face or iris in less controlled scenarios. We present a new system for eye detection based on complex symmetry filters, which has the advantage of not needing training. Also, separability of the filters allows faster detection via one‐dimensional convolutions. This system is used as input to a periocular algorithm based on retinotopic sampling grids and Gabor spectrum decomposition. The evaluation framework is composed of six databases acquired both with near‐infrared and visible sensors. The experimental setup is complemented with four iris matchers, used for fusion experiments. The eye detection system presented shows very high accuracy with near‐infrared data, and a reasonable good accuracy with one visible database. Regarding the periocular system, it exhibits great robustness to small errors in locating the eye centre, as well as to scale changes of the input image. The density of the sampling grid can also be reduced without sacrificing accuracy. Lastly, despite the poorer performance of the iris matchers with visible data, fusion with the periocular system can provide an improvement of more than 20%. The six databases used have been manually annotated, with the annotation made publicly available.
Stereochemical Course of the Allylic Hydroxylation: Reaction of 1‐tert‐Butyl‐4‐alkylidenecyclohexanes with Selenium Dioxide. (2006)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Determination of the Material Functions for a Simple Fluid from a Study of the Climbing Effect (1973)

The elimbing effect that occurs when a non-Newtonian fluid is sheared between rotating concentric cylinders is investigated in detail. A theoretical foundation is established for directly relating the climbing phenomenon to the material functions of a simple fluid. A relationship is developed between the normal stress functions and experimentally measurable quantities associated with the free surface thereby permitting all three material functions to be determined from a study of the flow field in a concentric cylinder apparatus. As an experimental verification of the theory, the material functions of a solution of polyisobutylene in cetane were determined for shear rates between 4 and 30 sec−1. A good comparison is obtained between these and other published results for this material.
Neutral Fe(iv) alkylidenes, including some that bind dinitrogen (2015)

Neutral, formally Fe(IV) alkylidene species are sought as plausible olefin metathesis catalysts, and the synthesis of several is described herein. The complexes are prepared via nucleophilic attack (Nu = MeLi, PhCH2K, 2-picolyllithium, Me2PCH2Li, MePhPCH2Li, Ph2PCH2Li) at the imine of cationic [mer-{κ-C,N,C-(C6H4-yl)-2-CH=N(2-C6H4-C(iPr)=)}Fe(PMe3)3][B(3,5-CF3-C6H3)4]. In contrast, MeMgCl and mesityllithium displaced and deprotonated bound PMe3, respectively. Structural details are provided for mer-{κ-C,N,C-(C6H4-yl)-2-CH(Bn)N(2-C6H4-C(iPr))}Fe{trans-(PMe3)2}N2 and {κ-C,N,C,P-(C6H4-yl)-2-CH(CH2PMe2)N(2-C6H4-C(iPr)=)}Fe(PMe3)2.
X chromosome-linked intellectual disability protein PQBP1 associates with and regulates the translation of specific mRNAs (2015)

X chromosome-linked intellectual disability is a common developmental disorder, and mutations of the polyglutamine-binding protein 1 (PQBP1) gene have been linked to this disease. In addition to existing in the nucleus as a splicing factor, PQBP1 is also found in cytoplasmic RNA granules, where it associates with RNA-binding proteins. However, the roles of cytoplasmic PQBP1 are largely unknown. Here, we show that the Drosophila homolog of PQBP1 (dPQBP1) is present in the cytoplasm of photoreceptor cells, and its loss results in defective rhabdomere morphogenesis, which is due to impaired Chaoptin translation. We also show that dPQBP1 regulates mRNA translation by interacting with dFMR1, which binds to specific mRNAs and facilitates their assembly into translating ribosomes, a function that is conserved for human PQBP1 and FMRP. Our findings reveal the conserved function of PQBP1 in mRNA translation and provide molecular insights into the pathogenic mechanisms underlying Renpenning syndrome.
eyeDNS: Monitoring a University Campus Network (2018)

The Domain Name System (DNS) is responsible for mapping human readable domain names to internet protocol (IP) addresses. DNS is a ubiquitous part of internet and intranet communication, making it a convenient and comprehensive source for data to infer network health, performance, and security. A victim of its own success, monitoring real-time DNS traffic is a challenge due to sheer volume: huge amounts of DNS packets flow through a typical enterprise in a single day. In this paper, we describe eyeDNS, a scalable and extensible system for near real-time aggregation, storage, analysis, and visualization of DNS traffic collected by a hardware back-end. We report on eyeDNS's deployment and data collection on a large public university's network over a timeframe of 15 months. Moreover, we leveraged data from the following 6 months to validate findings made during the initial timeframe. With fast query response, aggregation, and visualization of DNS data, eyeDNS helped identify instances of anomalous network use, malware-specific behaviors, and scamming activities. eyeDNS is currently being used by the university's security personnel and has demonstrated its effectiveness in extracting trends and outliers from large volumes of DNS data collected from a diverse environment, where even commercial tools struggle to provide timely and actionable analysis.
Pathogenesis of apparent life‐threatening events in infants with esophageal atresia (2006)

Many infants with a repaired esophageal atresia (EA) undergo fundoplication, aortopexy, or glossopexy because the mechanisms most responsible for airway obstruction and/or apparent life-threatening event (AO/ALTE) syndrome are considered to be gastroesophageal reflux (GER), tracheal compression (TC), or obstructive apnea, respectively. In the present study, we investigated whether these mechanisms are independent or interrelated. We developed a database of 120 consecutive patients with EA treated by the senior author between 1967-2002. We studied the clinical manifestations of patients with a cervical esophagostomy and/or blind lower esophageal stump, which ruled out TC and/or proximal esophageal GER as a mechanism for AO/ALTE. Of 25 neonates who underwent section/ligation of lower tracheo-esophageal fistula and/or feeding gastrostomy, 10 critically ill neonates died. Of 15 survivors, 9 infants had a feeding gastrostomy without an esophagostomy. Of these, 6 infants presented one or more episodes of AO, and 8 presented ALTE with or without AO. Subsequently, 5 of the 9 infants underwent an esophagostomy. Eventually, 11 infants had a feeding gastrostomy with an esophagostomy. Of the latter, 5 infants presented one or more episodes of AO, and 6 presented ALTE without AO. In conclusion, oral feeding, proximal esophageal GER, and TC are not essential for AO/ALTE syndrome to occur. They are probably factors which offer evidence of an underlying problem with control of upper airway patency.
Synthesis and antiinflammatory activity of some 1,6-methano[10]annuleneacetic acids (1975)

Some new approaches to the 1,6-methano[10]annulene system are described. The routes were used to prepare 1,6-methano[10]annulene-3-acetic acid and the alpha-methyl analog. The compounds showed antinflammatory and analgesic activity, though less than that of corresponding naphthalene compounds; the possible effect of the chirality of the annulene on the observed biological activity is discussed.
Autonomic control of inflammation (2016)

Abstract Substantial evidence has long suggested that various aspects of the immune system are affected by the activity of the nervous system. However, how the inputs from the nervous system are converted into the outputs from the immune system had been largely unclear. Studies in the past decade revealed the cellular and molecular basis by which inputs from the autonomic and somatosensory nervous systems control the development and functions of immune cells. The principal autonomic neurotransmitters, acetylcholine and noradrenaline, are involved in immune regulation in the context of inflammation through various molecular pathways. Circadian oscillations in the activity of the autonomic nervous system allow concerted actions of immune cells. In the present review, we integrate the current knowledge about the autonomic regulation of inflammatory responses, and provide pathophysiological and therapeutic implications.
Coping with Legacy System Migration Complexity (2005)

During the last three decades, a considerable amount of software has been developed based on obsolete technologies (such as using procedural languages). This type of systems has undergone severe code revisions during a long time period. As a consequence, the high level of entropy combined with imprecise documentation about the design and architecture make the maintenance more difficult, time consuming, and costly. On the other hand, these systems have important economical value; many of them are crucial to their owners (Bennett, 1995). For the high cost of lost former investment and business knowledge that embedded in those systems, in many cases, simply abandon legacy systems and re-develop new systems based on new technology is not the choice. Migrating legacy system toward new emerging technology is an appropriate solution. However, migrating legacy system towards new technology is a complex system engineering work. In this paper, we propose a novel approach to reduce the migration complexity. We apply dynamic program analysis, software visualization, knowledge recovery, and divide-and-conquer techniques to cope with the complexity issue in legacy software migration project.
Cesium fortifies next-generation solar cells (2016)

A dash of the metal could hold the key to making cheap, durable perovskite photovoltaics.
Feeding cessation effects of chlorantraniliprole, a new anthranilic diamide insecticide, in comparison with several insecticides in distinct chemical classes and mode‐of‐action groups (2009)

The speed of action of chlorantraniliprole against target pest species, based on time for feeding cessation and reduction in feeding damage, is significantly greater than that of most recently developed insecticides and comparable only with the speed of action of the fast-acting carbamates and pyrethroids. In addition, chlorantraniliprole has a favorable toxicological and ecotoxicological profile. It belongs to a new chemical class with a novel mode of action and is effective against insect populations that have developed resistance to other insecticide groups, thus representing an attractive new tool for integrated pest management programs.
Inhibitor studies of phage T4 wild‐type and mutant DNA polymerase. IV. The substrate analog 3′‐fluorothymidine 5′‐triphosphate (1980)

The deoxythymidine-5'-triphosphate (dTTP) analog 3'-fluorothymidine 5'-triphosphate (3'-FdTTP) inhibits DNA synthesis by T4 wild-type, L98 (mutator) and CB121 (antimutator) DNA polymerase. CB121 DNA polymerase is less sensitive by a factor of two than the L98 and T4+ enzymes. Inhibition is not due to incorporation of the analog into DNA. 3'-FdTTP acts competitively to the substrate dTTP. The CB121 polymerase exhibits a higher Ki to Km ratio than the other two enzymes (5.3 vs. 3.3) and thus discriminates better between the substrate dTTP and its analog 3'-FdTTP. 3'-FdTTP inhibits the polymerase-associated 3'-5' exonuclease activities to the same extent as their polymerase activities. The CB121 3'-5' exonuclease activity is suppressed only half as much by 3'-FdTTP as by dTTP. The results are discussed in relation to the role of T4 DNA polymerase and its associated 3'-5' exonuclease in determining the accuracy of DNA replication.
Protection from lethal Gram-negative bacterial sepsis by targeting Toll-like receptor 4 (2009)

Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), the signal-transducing molecule of the LPS receptor complex, plays a fundamental role in the sensing of LPS from gram-negative bacteria. Activation of TLR4 signaling pathways by LPS is a critical upstream event in the pathogenesis of gram-negative sepsis, making TLR4 an attractive target for novel antisepsis therapy. To validate the concept of TLR4-targeted treatment strategies in gram-negative sepsis, we first showed that TLR4(-/-) and myeloid differentiation primary response gene 88 (MyD88)(-/-) mice were fully resistant to Escherichia coli-induced septic shock, whereas TLR2(-/-) and wild-type mice rapidly died of fulminant sepsis. Neutralizing anti-TLR4 antibodies were then generated using a soluble chimeric fusion protein composed of the N-terminal domain of mouse TLR4 (amino acids 1-334) and the Fc portion of human IgG1. Anti-TLR4 antibodies inhibited intracellular signaling, markedly reduced cytokine production, and protected mice from lethal endotoxic shock and E. coli sepsis when administered in a prophylactic and therapeutic manner up to 13 h after the onset of bacterial sepsis. These experimental data provide strong support for the concept of TLR4-targeted therapy for gram-negative sepsis.
TWO-DIMENSIONAL NANOSHEETS-ASSEMBLED FLOWER-LIKE Co3O4 MICROSPHERES AND THEIR GAS SENSING PERFORMANCES (2014)

In this paper, three-dimensional (3D) Co 3 O 4 flower-like microspheres have been successfully synthesized via a facile ethylene glycol (EG)-mediated solvothermal method followed by calcination. The as-prepared flower-like precursors microspheres are formed from the assembly of 2D nanosheets in the presence of hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB). The flower-like architectures of the prepared precursors could be tailored by changing the amount of CTAB. Furthermore, when evaluated as a gas sensor, the obtained Co 3 O 4 flower-like microspheres exhibit a good response and sensitivity toward ethanol gas, suggesting their promising potential for gas sensors application.
Chemical synthesis and NMR spectroscopy of long stable isotope labelled RNA (2017)

We showcase the high potential of the 2'-cyanoethoxymethyl (CEM) methodology to synthesize RNAs with naturally occurring modified residues carrying stable isotope (SI) labels for NMR spectroscopic applications. The method was applied to synthesize RNAs with sizes ranging between 60 to 80 nucleotides. The presented approach gives the possibility to selectively modify larger RNAs (>60 nucleotides) with atom-specifically <sup>13</sup>C/<sup>15</sup>N-labelled building blocks. The method harbors the unique potential to address structural as well as dynamic features of these RNAs with NMR spectroscopy but also using other biophysical methods, such as mass spectrometry (MS), or small angle neutron/X-ray scattering (SANS, SAXS).
Development and assessment of a novel ex vivo corneal culture technique involving an agarose-based dome scaffold for use as a model of in vivo corneal wound healing in dogs and rabbits (2019)

Wounded ex vivo DCs and RCs cultured on ABDSs reliably epithelialized, formed optical haze (consistent with in vivo wound healing), and maintained convex curvature. This culture technique may be adaptable to other species.
Abstract 15116: A Simplified Risk Score for the Prediction of Contrast-Induced Nephropathy in Patients Undergoing Percutaneous Coronary Interventions After Acute Myocardial Infarction (2016)

Introduction: Contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN) following percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI) in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is associated with high morbidity and mortali...
Highly Enantioselective One‐Pot, Three‐Component Imino‐Reformatsky Reaction. (2005)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Research Article Improving Child Literacy in Africa: Experiments with an Automated Reading Tutor* (2010)

This paper describes Project Kane, a research endeavor aimed at exploring the role that technology can play in improving child literacy in developing communities. An initial pilot study and a subsequent four-month-long controlled aeld study in Ghana investigated the viability and effectiveness of an automated reading tutor in helping urban children enhance their reading skills in English. In addition to quantitative data suggesting that automated tutoring can be useful for some children in this setting, these studies and an additional preliminary pilot study in Zambia yielded useful qualitative observations regarding the feasibility of applying technology solutions to the challenge of enhancing child literacy in developing communities. This paper presents the andings, observations, and lessons learned from the aeld studies.