gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Local mechanics of the lung tissue determined by functional EIT (1996)

A new functional EIT (f-EIT) evaluation technique providing information on the local dynamic behaviour of the lung is presented. Out of a series of single EIT thoracic images local time courses of the impedance change are extracted. To detect regional differences in the dynamic behaviour of the lung tissue the local time courses at different locations are related to the average time course of the impedance change over the whole thoracic cross section. The time shifts between this reference signal and the signals from separate positions are calculated from the phase information of the complex cross spectra and evaluated in terms of the local phase angle. The computed phaseshifts are imaged over the cross section creating an 'f-EIT phase image' characterizing the local dynamic properties. To relate the observed differences to the proper lung location the resulting images are presented as a combination of the f-EIT ventilation images, which represent the local amplitude of ventilation and the f-EIT phase images. The new imaging technique was tested in spontaneously breathing humans. Alterations to pulmonary dynamics were induced by changing the body posture of the subjects. The f-EIT phase imaging procedure was shown to identify lung regions with different dynamics and it is expected that this technique will also distinguish pathologically determined alterations.
Transcranial Focused Ultrasound Alters Conflict and Emotional Processing, Physiology, and Performance I: Dorsal Anterior Cingulate Cortex Targeting (2020)

ABSTRACT The dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC) operates as an integrator of bottom-up and top-down signals and is implicated in both cognitive control and emotional processing. The dACC is believed to be causally involved in switching between attention networks, and previous work has linked it to cognitive performance, concentration, relaxation, and emotional distraction. The present study was designed to evaluate the feasibility of influencing default mode network (DMN) activity and emotional attention by targeting and modulating the dACC with transcranial focused ultrasound (tFUS). Subjects were divided into two groups, one receiving MR-neuronavigated tFUS to the dACC and the other an identical, but inactive tFUS sham. Subjects performed a modified version of the Erikson flanker paradigm using fear and neutral faces as emotional background distractors. Our observations demonstrate that tFUS can be targeted to the human dACC to produce effects consistent with those expected from relaxed contention, including significantly reduced reaction time slowing due to emotional distractors, and an increase in parasympathetic markers of the HRV. These results suggest that tFUS altered emotional processing and enhanced sustained attention, perhaps by facilitating reduced attentional engagement with emotional distractors and reduced need for attention switching evidenced by significant effects on event related potentials (ERPs), reduced alpha suppression, and modulation of delta and theta EEG activity. We conclude that the dACC represents a viable neuroanatomical target for tFUS in order to modulate DMN activity, including emotional attention, conflict resolution, and cognitive control. These effects of dACC-targeted tFUS may prove useful for treating certain mental health disorders known to involve perturbed DMN activity, such as depression and anxiety.
Task-specific Ionic Liquids for Fine Chemicals (2009)

Over the past decade, ionic liquids (ILs) have become one of the fastest growing research fields, mainly due to the unique physicochemical properties of these compounds. The application of these remarkable salts as solvents in reactions and extraction processes has been extensively investigated and ...
Understanding the user experience of secure mobile online transactions in realistic contexts of use (2012)

Possible attacks on mobile smart devices demand higher security for applications handling payments or sensitive information. The introduction of a tamper-proof area on future generations of mobile ...
InGaAs Surface Normal Photodiode for 2 <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mu \text{m}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> Optical Communication Systems (2015)

High bandwidth 2-μm wavelength surface normal p-i-n photodiodes using a high indium-content InGaAs strain-relaxed absorbing layer clad by p- and n-doped AlInGaAs layers are realized. A parabolic grading was used to relax the lattice constant from that of the InP substrate. We compare structures with different p-doping profiles and absorber thicknesses to achieve a 3-dB bandwidth of ~10 GHz while maintaining a photoresponsivity of 0.93 A/W. A clear opening of the 10-Gb/s eye pattern was obtained with an input power of -3.07 dBm. By temperature-control of the mesa passivation process, the device leakage was reduced to 0.52 μA at -5 V bias.
A high performance Optical Network on Chip based on Clos topology (2010)

Traditional metallic interconnects has become the bottleneck of NoC (Network on Chip) performance due to the limited bandwidth, long delay, high power consumption and crosstalk noise. Optical Network-on-Chip (ONoC) can decrease interconnect delays and provide higher bandwidth, lower power consumption. So ONoC is believed to be a promising solution. ONoC is based on silicon-based waveguides and CMOS-compatible microresonators. This paper proposes a 64-core Clos-based ONOC (CNoC) including its topology, floorplan and routing strategy and two optimized optical routers. CNoC is built from a strictly non-blocking network, Clos (15, 8, 8). It carries payload packets in an optical network while control packets in a separate electronic network. Two optical routers and a distributed routing algorithm are developed for CNoC application. Through a simulator Opnet, we compare the 64-core CNoC with mesh-based optical NoC and another Clos (8, 8, 8)-based OnoC. ETE delay and network throughput are analyzed under different offered loads and various packet sizes.
Testing the psychometric properties of the Chinese (Cantonese) version of SATIS-Stroke in people with chronic stroke (2022)

C-SATIS-Stroke is a reliable and valid measure for assessing satisfaction with social participation among Chinese people with chronic stroke.IMPLICATIONS FOR REHABILITATIONSatisfactory semantic, idiomatic, cultural, and conceptual equivalence of the C-SATIS-Stroke are in line with those of the original English version of the SATIS-StrokeExcellent reliability and validity of the C-SATIS-Stroke are also in line with those of the original English version of the SATIS-StrokeThe C-SATIS-Stroke can be used to assess the subjective satisfaction feeling in terms of social participation among Chinese people with chronic stroke.
The onset of grapevine berry ripening is characterized by ROS accumulation and lipoxygenase-mediated membrane peroxidation in the skin (2014)

The present work demonstrates the controlled, harmless accumulation of specific ROS in distinct cellular compartments, i.e. cytosol and chloroplasts, at a definite developmental stage, the onset of grape berry ripening. These features strongly candidate ROS as cellular signals in fruit ripening and encourage further studies to identify downstream elements of this cascade. This paper also reports the transient galactolipid peroxidation carried out by a véraison-specific chloroplastic lipoxygenase. The function of peroxidized membranes, likely distinct from that of free fatty acids due to their structural role and tight interaction with photosynthesis protein complexes, has to be ascertained.
Low‐dose, single‐fraction, whole‐lung radiotherapy for pulmonary hypertension associated with myelofibrosis with myeloid metaplasia (2002)

Pulmonary hypertension (PH) can complicate myelofibrosis with myeloid metaplasia (MMM), may arise in the absence of evidence for thromboembolic disease and carries a grim prognosis. Four patients with MMM and severe symptomatic PH were treated with whole-lung external beam radiotherapy in a single fraction of 100 cGy. Within 72 h, each patient noted marked symptomatic improvement and had relief of hypoxia and reduction of oedema and/or ascites. Three of the four patients enjoyed an objective improvement in pulmonary artery systolic pressure as measured by transthoracic Doppler echocardiography. Low-dose lung radiotherapy may be a useful palliative tool for patients with MMM complicated by PH.
The Full Pythagorean Theorem (2010)

We motivate and then prove a generalized pythagorean theorem for parallelepipeds in Euclidean space.
Runahead execution: an alternative to very large instruction windows for out-of-order processors (2003)

Today's high performance processors tolerate long latency operations by means of out-of-order execution. However, as latencies increase, the size of the instruction window must increase even faster if we are to continue to tolerate these latencies. We have already reached the point where the size of an instruction window that can handle these latencies is prohibitively large in terms of both design complexity and power consumption. And, the problem is getting worse. This paper proposes runahead execution as an effective way to increase memory latency tolerance in an out-of-order processor without requiring an unreasonably large instruction window. Runahead execution unblocks the instruction window blocked by long latency operations allowing the processor to execute far ahead in the program path. This results in data being prefetched into caches long before it is needed. On a machine model based on the Intel/spl reg/ Pentium/spl reg/ processor, having a 128-entry instruction window, adding runahead execution improves the IPC (instructions per cycle) by 22% across a wide range of memory intensive applications. Also, for the same machine model, runahead execution combined with a 128-entry window performs within 1% of a machine with no runahead execution and a 384-entry instruction window.
Recognition and reproduction of gestures using a probabilistic framework combining PCA, ICA and HMM (2005)

This paper explores the issue of recognizing, generalizing and reproducing arbitrary gestures. We aim at extracting a representation that encapsulates only the key aspects of the gesture and discards the variability intrinsic to each person's motion. We compare a decomposition into principal components (PCA) and independent components (ICA) as a first step of preprocessing in order to decorrelate and denoise the data, as well as to reduce the dimensionality of the dataset to make this one tractable. In a second stage of processing, we explore the use of a probabilistic encoding through continuous Hidden Markov Models (HMMs), as a way to encapsulate the sequential nature and intrinsic variability of the motions in stochastic finite state automata. Finally, the method is validated in a humanoid robot to reproduce a variety of gestures performed by a human demonstrator.
Fähigkeitsmodell für die Sensor-/ Aktor-Rekonfiguration: Ein Schnittstellen-orientierter Ansatz und dessen Implementierung (2019)

Produzierende Unternehmen müssen ihre Produktionsprozesse immer häufiger an wechselnde Anforderungen, die sich aus zunehmend individuelleren Aufträgen ergeben, anpassen. Für eine effiziente Produktionsplanung und Arbeitsvorbereitung soll die Überprüfung, welche Produkte mit welchen vorhandenen Ressourcen hergestellt werden können, assistiert beziehungsweise teilweise automatisiert werden. Besonderes Augenmerk liegt dabei auf rekonfigurierbaren Ressourcen. Mit Hilfe von computerauswertbaren Fähigkeitsmodellen von Produktionsressourcen kann die Herstellbarkeit schneller geprüft werden. Darüber hinaus können diese Modelle verwendet werden, um Konfigurationen zu generieren, die den geänderten Anforderungen entsprechen. Dieser Beitrag stellt einen Schnittstellen-orientierten Ansatz für die Fähigkeitsmodellierung von Produktionsressourcen vor. Des Weiteren wird die Implementierung des Ansatzes in AutomationML vorgestellt. Die Anwendbarkeit des Ansatzes wird anhand eines automatisierten Nietsystems bei Airbus veranschaulicht.
Fractal analysis of replication site images of the human cell nucleus (2005)

Epi-fluorescent microscopic images of the mammalian cell nucleus taken during the early, mid and late S (synthetic) phase of the cell cycle suggest that the mass of replicating DNA that belong to the cell nucleus can be characterized as a space filling fractal curve. We reason from a biological standpoint and our understanding of naturally occurring fractals that our microscopic images reveal portions of the spatially complex DNA molecule and present methods for computing the fractal dimensions of the images. Results presented here suggest that our methodology based on fractal properties can distinguish replication of DNA occurring in early versus mid or late S-phase.
Visual System Neural Responses to Laser Exposure from Local Q-Switched Pulses and Extended Source CW Speckle Patterns. (1985)

Abstract : The reports of retinal damage from exposure to short pulse laser energy without any visual perception have been reviewed. A series of experiments has been conducted in cats to test retinal function after such laser exposures using neurophysiological recordings from retinal ganglion cells. The receptive fields of the selected ganglion cells were in the area of laser exposure or immediately adjacent to it. Microsensor monitoring of retinal metabolic stability including pH and O2 levels following laser exposure was also attempted. Vigorous neural responses have been recorded from retinal ganglion cells following suprathreshold lesion producing laser exposures within the Ganglion cell receptive fields, or from nerve fibers at the optic disc. The disc recordings always showed responses from ganglion cells following suprathreshold stimulation levels sufficient to cause retinal lesions within the receptive field or in closely adjacent areas of the retina.
Asymmetric Hydrogenation of Enamides, α-Enol and α-Enamido Ester Phosphonates Catalyzed by IndolPhos-Rh Complexes (2009)

The scope of the IndolPhos-Rh-catalyzed asymmetric hydrogenation of enamides, alpha-enol and alpha-enamido ester phosphonates, has been investigated. In addition, Taddol-based IndolPhos ligands are introduced. High activities and good to excellent enantioselectivities up to 99% ee are obtained for a broad range of structurally diverse substrates, giving important chiral products such as alpha, beta(2), and beta(3) amino acid derivatives, arylamines, and amino and hydroxy phosphonates.
Multi-objective microzone-based vehicle routing for courier companies: From tactical to operational planning (2014)

Distribution companies that serve a very large number of customers, courier companies for example, often partition the geographical region served by a depot into zones. Each zone is assigned to a single vehicle and each vehicle serves a single zone. An alternative approach is to partition the distribution region into smaller microzones that are assigned to a preferred vehicle in a so-called tactical plan. When the workload in each microzone is known, the microzones can be reassigned to vehicles in such a way that the total distance traveled is minimized, the workload of the different vehicles is balanced, and as many microzones as possible are assigned to their preferred vehicle. In this paper we model the resulting microzone-based vehicle routing problem as a multi-objective optimization problem and develop a simple yet effective algorithm to solve it. We analyze this algorithm and discuss the results that it obtains.
LibGuides: Researchers Seminars: Home (2013)

Science faculty libraries and LTH libraries invite to following researcher seminars: Book seminars and veiw seminar program
Cascaded Raman self-frequency shifted soliton generation in an Er/Yb-doped fiber amplifier (2002)

The polarization and power dependencies of cascaded Raman self-frequency shifted solitons generation in a polarization maintaining high power Er/Yb fiber amplifier have been experimentally investigated. The experimental results show the number and amount of cascaded Raman solitons generations and frequency shifts, respectively, dependent on the input polarization state and the gain of the all-PM fiber amplifier. The numerical modeling was also conducted based on the experimental parameters and the experimental results are shown to be in good agreement with the theory.
A DIRECT MEASURING METHOD FOR THE DETERMINATION OF THE EDGING ANGLE AND THE GROUND REACTION FORCE IN ALPINE SKIING (2006)

The purpose of this study was to clarify the advantages and disadvantages of a combined dynamic and body mounted kinematical measurement system in alpine skiing. A high profile former world cup athlete of the German national team performed a test-run equipped with a bilateral insole and an inertial measurement system. In particular the edging angle and the ground reaction force were of interest. The measured values were comparable to previous findings. The main benefit can be seen in the application in the training process for an enhanced objectified technique training. The weight and the mechanical characteristics of the measuring system may slightly affect an athlete adversely.
A Systematic Review of Vision Screening Tests for the Detection of Amblyopia (1999)

Few high-quality data exist regarding the performance of preschool vision screening. Important future work should include the development of a consensus gold standard ophthalmologic examination and evaluation of screening tests in the primary care setting.
Research on algorithm for peer-to-peer overlay network topology automatic-restoration (2016)

Connectivity of network is the premise of service quality for P2P network. In order to ensure each node has connected to the P2P network, this paper proposes an algorithm for Peer-to-Peer Overlay Network Topology Automatic-Restoration. When a node detects an abnormal connection of its neighbor node, it connects the neighbor node's standby node to ensure the correctness and connectivity of the network topology. While receiving date packets, the node performs the path compression algorithm which optimizes the topology of P2P network to improve the network transmission efficiency. Simulation results show that this algorithm not only enhances the survivability of the network topology, but also enables networks to have sustainable repairing capability to make further improvement on the survivability of the network topology.
Catalytic Lewis and Brønsted acid syn-diastereoselective benzylic substitutions of α-hydroxy-β-nitro- and α-hydroxy-β-azido-alkyl arenes (2020)

A series of alkyl and alkenyl p-methoxy arenes containing α,β-disubstituted diamino and amino alcohol groups were synthesized from β-nitro and β-azido benzylic alcohols in the presence of AuCl 3 as catalyst. The formation of predominantly syn-disubstituted products were rationalized on the basis of mechanistic considerations and transition state models relying on A 1,3 -allylic strain. The products could have utility in the design of medicinally relevant compounds and as chiral ligands for asymmetric catalysis. A new synthesis of (+)-sertraline (Zoloft) was achieved.
TEM Characterization of Corrosion Initiation in Passive Films (2001)

Abstract This research program is intended to develop new insight into the mechanisms of localized corrosion initiation in passive metals through unique approaches based on examining corrosion initiation on needle-shaped samples similar to field emitter tips. Samples with this geometry allow localization of corrosion initiation to the tip itself and therefore pit initiation can be confined to a small lateral area. Local electric fields can also be controlled, thus permitting damage to be confined in the passive over layer, and characterized before pit initiation. High purity Al wire was used for the initial studies. Wire shaped specimens were electropolished in a 20 % perchloric in methyl alcohol solution at -30°C to obtain the fine needle geometry. The resultant tip radii ranged from 40 to 150 nm with no further sample prep needed and without the presence of artifacts.A custom-designed TEM holder for a Philips CM30 was fabricated, which allowed the needles to be characterized by TEM both prior to and after experiments.
Electrospinning Fibers from Oligomeric Complex Coacervates: No Chain Entanglements Needed (2021)

The electrospinning field is dominated by studies that investigate parameters, such as polymer concentration and chain length, to identify conditions where the polymer chains are sufficiently entangled to facilitate fiber formation. Here, we report the first demonstration that linear, nonentangled, oligomeric polyelectrolytes can be electrospun into fibers using a traditional single-nozzle setup. Previously, we have demonstrated that the associative phase separation phenomenon known as complex coacervation facilitates the electrospinning of polyelectrolyte complex fibers directly from water. In this work, we synthesized polycations and polyanions with degrees of polymerization ranging from ∼500 down to <10, representing average molecular weights on the order of 100 to 1 kg/mol. We then quantified the phase behavior and viscosity of our various coacervate samples as a function of both chain length and salt concentration. Our results confirm that the polymer concentration in all samples was near or above the estimated value for the overlap concentration and that only the longest polymer samples were expected to experience entanglements. However, we were able to electrospin fibers from all of our coacervate samples, even oligomers. Thus, the electrospinnability of coacervates is fundamentally different from the traditional electrospinning of linear, neutral polymers or solutions composed of polyelectrolytes mixed with neutral polymers. In the same way that coacervation represents a novel way to enable the electrospinning of polyelectrolytes from water, the associative interactions driving phase separation eliminate the need for entanglements by slowing the timescale for relaxation. Our results suggest an alternative route that enables the electrospinning of novel solutions by decoupling chain-length requirements from other length-dependent parameters.
Continuous Glucose Monitoring in Subcutaneous Tissue Using Factory-Calibrated Sensors: A Pilot Study (2010)

Background: Commercial continuous subcutaneous glucose monitors require in vivo calibration using capillary blood glucose tests. Feasibility of factory calibration, i.e., sensor batch characterization in vitro with no further need for in vivo calibration, requires a predictable and stable in vivo sensor sensitivity and limited inter- and intra-subject variation of the ratio of interstitial to blood glucose concentration. Methods: Twelve volunteers wore two FreeStyle Navigator® (Abbott Diabetes Care, Alameda, CA) continuous glucose monitoring systems for 5 days in parallel for two consecutive sensor wears (four sensors per subject, 48 sensors total). Sensors from a prototype sensor lot with a low variability in glucose sensitivity were used for the study. Median sensor sensitivity values based on capillary blood glucose were calculated per sensor and compared for inter- and intra-subject variation. Mean absolute relative difference (MARD) calculation and error grid analysis were performed using a single calibration factor for all sensors to simulate factory calibration and compared to standard fingerstick calibration. Results: Sensor sensitivity variation in vitro was 4.6%, which increased to 8.3% in vivo (P < 0.0001). Analysis of variance revealed no significant inter-subject differences in sensor sensitivity (P = 0.134). Applying a single universal calibration factor retrospectively to all sensors resulted in a MARD of 10.4% and 88.1% of values in Clarke Error Grid Zone A, compared to a MARD of 10.9% and 86% of values in Error Grid Zone A for fingerstick calibration. Conclusions: Factory calibration of sensors for continuous subcutaneous glucose monitoring is feasible with similar accuracy to standard fingerstick calibration. Additional data are required to confirm this result in subjects with diabetes.