gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Surface-initiated controlled radical polymerization enhanced DNA biosensing (2014)

The surface chemistry at the DNA recognition and binding interface plays an important role in determining the performance of DNA microarrays and DNA biosensors. Surface-initiated controlled radical polymerization (SI-CRP) reactions represent a powerful toolbox to generate microarray and biosensor surfaces with enhanced DNA recognition and binding properties or to amplify and transduce these events. Surface-initiated polymerizations generate thin films in which all polymer chains are tethered with one chain end to the underlying surface and are also referred to as polymer brushes. SI-CRP reactions possess a number of features that make them highly attractive to engineer the properties of biosensor interfaces. First of all, the thickness of the films can be precisely adjusted to match the requirements of the specific biosensor format. Secondly, the grafting density of these films can be tuned to optimize binding kinetics and capacity. Finally, being a bottom-up technique, SI-CRP can also be used to modify complex, patterned or structured biosensor substrates with a conformal DNA recognition and binding interface. This article provides an overview of the state-of-the-art on the use of SI-CRP techniques to enhance or facilitate DNA biosensing. On the one hand, SI-CRP techniques have been used to generate high binding capacity surface coatings. On the other hand, these reactions have also been demonstrated to be powerful tools to amplify DNA recognition and binding and allow visual detection. The examples discussed in this article not only underline the potential of SI-CRP reactions to engineer the properties of biosensor interfaces, but also, together with future advances in these polymerization techniques, provide exciting opportunities to further enhance the performance of DNA microarrays and DNA biosensors.
HIROSHIMA NEUTRON FLUENCE ON A GLASS BUTTON FROM NEAR GROUND ZERO (2001)

A decorative glass button that was uncovered at a location that is 190 +/- 15 m from directly beneath the atomic explosion at Hiroshima on 6 August 1945 has been scanned for induced fission tracks produced mostly by the thermal neutrons from the bomb due to interactions with the trace uranium that is normally present in silicate glasses. In surveying 4.14 cm2 at 500x magnification, 28 tracks were seen. From a calibration irradiation in a nuclear reactor we infer that the neutron fluence in 1945 was 5.7(+/-1.1) x 10(11) cm(-2); and, allowing for shielding by the structure in which the button was probably located, the free-air (i.e., outside) value is estimated as 1.5(+/-0.5) x 10(12) cm(-2). A limit has been placed on possible fading of the radiation-damage tracks that could increase the fluence by at most a factor of 1.27. The values bracket the calculated value of 9 x 10(11) given in DS86 but are higher than the 3.6 x 10(11) inferred from induced radionuclides for the distance given. The difference is, however, within the observed variability of the two types of results.
Smart Tools for Java Cards (2000)

This article describes a Java Card programming environment which to a large extent is generated from formal specifications of the syntax and semantics of Java Card, the JCRE (Java Card Runtime Environment), and the Java Card APIs. The resulting environment consists of a set of tightly integrated and somewhat smart tools, such as a Java specific structure editor and a simulator which allows an application to be tested before being downloaded to a card. Furthermore, the simulator analyses the applet in question in order to find out the structure of the accepted commands. This information is then used to automatically adapt the GUI of the simulator.
27.6 A 0.7pF-to-10nF fully digital capacitance-to-digital converter using iterative delay-chain discharge (2015)

Capacitance sensors are widely used to measure various physical quantities, including position, pressure, and concentration of certain chemicals [1-6]. Integrating capacitive sensors into a small wireless sensor system is challenging due to their large power consumption relative to the total system power/energy budget, which can be as low as a few nW [4]. Typical capacitance-to-digital converters (CDCs) use charge sharing or charge transfer between capacitors to convert the sampled capacitance to voltage, which is then measured with an ADC [1-6]. This approach requires complex analog circuits, such as amplifiers and ADCs, increasing design complexity and often increasing power consumption. Moreover, the initial capacitance to voltage conversion essentially limits the input capacitance range because of output voltage saturation. This paper presents a fully digital CDC that is based on the observation that when a ring oscillator (RO) is powered from a charged capacitance, the number of RO cycles required to discharge the capacitance to a fixed voltage is naturally linear with the capacitance value. This observation enables a simple, fully digital conversion scheme that is inherently linear. As a result, the proposed CDC performs conversion across a very wide capacitance range from 0.7pF to over 10nF with <; 0.06% linearity error. The CDC senses 11.3pF input capacitance with 35.1 pJ conversion energy and 141fJ/c-s FoM.
Esophageal inflammation in gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD): role of chemokines (2006)

Chemokines, especially CXC family, play a key role in neutrophil-mediated esophageal inflammatory disease by attracting neutrophils to the site of inflammation. Recent in vitro and in vivo reports suggest that esophageal squamous epithelial cells can produce these chemokines by the stimulation with gastric acid, bile acids, and pancreatic protease. Transcriptome analysis has confirmed the signaling pathway and several transcriptional factors associated with esophageal inflammation. Detailed studies of the interaction between esophageal epithelium and gastric/duodenal refluxates should make it possible to identify a key therapeutic target molecule that regulates esophageal inflammation.
Time-Domain Homogenization of Litz-Wire Bundles in 2-D FE Calculations (2016)

info:eu-repo/semantics/published
Giant pulse laser operation with semiconductor mirrors (1966)

Abstract : Giant optical pulses have been produced in the operation of lasers in which one reflector is a polished optically flat semiconductor and the other is a partially reflecting multiple film dielectric mirror. Giant pulse operation is initiated when the laser light is sufficiently intense to produce an increase in semiconductor reflectivity by inducing a high carrier concentration. Results of giant pulse operation with ruby lasers using germanium, silicon, boron, GaAs, GaSb, InAs, and InSb and Nd3+ glass lasers using germanium, InAs and InSb are presented. These results are contrasted with operation of lasers using dielectric mirrors of comparable reflectivity. In all cases, the semiconductors were severely damaged after one or a few giant pulses. Much reduced semiconductor damage was observed when InAs and particularly InSb were used at oblique incidence. Giant pulse operation was observed with semiconductor mirrors (germanium, InAs and InSb) cooled to 100 K. The comparative performance of the semiconductor giant pulse lasers can be understood on the basis of a model in which the dominant loss mechanism is due to the recombination of electron-hole pairs. (Author)
What is a meaningful change in physical performance? Findings from a clinical trial in older adults (the LIFE-P study) (2009)

The magnitude of clinically important change in physical performance measures is reasonably consistent using several analytic techniques and appears to be achievable in clinical trials of exercise. Due to limited power, the effect of direction of change on estimates of magnitude remains uncertain.
The Specificity of Serological Reactions (1945)

The textual revision was completed before the author's death in June 1943. Much new material has been included. In his preface the author mentions with regret that the most recent European literature, other than British, could not be considered because it was not available. The original plan of the book has been maintained. The first chapters deal with natural antigens and antibodies; then artificial conjugated antigens and the serologic reactivity of simple chemical compounds (including experiments on "drug allergy") are considered; chapters 6 and 7 are devoted to the chemistry of specific nonprotein cell substances and to the consideration of antigen-antibody reactions from a physiochemical approach. The chapter by Linus Pauling on molecular structure and intermolecular forces concludes the text. Every paragraph in this classic book reveals the firm, comprehensive grasp of serologic problems by a great investigator.
Detection and characterization of coronary bifurcation lesions with 64-slice computed tomography coronary angiography (2007)

Sixty-four-slice CTCA allows accurate assessment of complex BL.
Crystalline C 3 N 3 H 3 tube (3,0) nanothreads (2022)

Carbon nanothread (CNTh) is a “one-dimensional diamond polymer” that combines high tensile strength and flexibility, but it severely suffers from intrathread disorder. Here, by modifying the reactivity and the stacking ordering of the aromatic precursor, crystalline C3N3H3 CNTh with perfect hexagonal orientation and stacking was synthesized at 10.2 GPa and 573 K from s-triazine. By Rietveld refinement of X-ray diffraction data, gas chromatography mass spectrometry investigation, and theoretical calculation, we found that synthesized CNTh has a tube (3,0) structure, with the repeating s-triazine residue connected solely by C–N bonds along the thread. A “peri-cage” reaction, the concerted bonding between six C and N atoms, instead of [4 + 2] or [1,4] addition reactions, was concluded for the formation of CNThs, and the critical bonding distance between the nearest intermolecular C and N was ∼2.9 Å. The formation of a “structure-specific” crystalline CNTh with C and N orderly distributed highlighted the importance of reaction selectivity and stacking order of reactant molecules, which have great significance for understanding the polymerization of aromatic molecules under high pressure and developing new crystalline CNThs.
Self-Improving Autonomic Systems for Antifragile Cyber Defence: Challenges and Opportunities (2019)

Antifragile systems enhance their capabilities and become stronger when exposed to adverse conditions, stresses or attacks, making antifragility a desirable property for cyber defence systems that operate in contested military environments. Self-improvement in autonomic systems refers to the improvement of their self-* capabilities, so that they are able to (a) better handle previously known (anticipated) situations, and (b) deal with previously unknown (unanticipated) situations. In this position paper, we present a vision of using self-improvement through learning to achieve antifragility in autonomic cyber defence systems. We first enumerate some of the major challenges associated with realizing distributed self-improvement. We then propose a reference model for middleware frameworks for self-improving autonomic systems and a set of desirable features of such frameworks.
ChemInform Abstract: Kinetics for the Reaction of a Secondary Alkyl Radical with Tri‐n‐butylgermanium Hydride and Calibration of a Secondary Alkyl Radical Clock Reaction. (1988)

ChemInformVolume 19, Issue 2 Preparative Organic Chemistry ChemInform Abstract: Kinetics for the Reaction of a Secondary Alkyl Radical with Tri-n-butylgermanium Hydride and Calibration of a Secondary Alkyl Radical Clock Reaction. J. LUSZTYK, J. LUSZTYK Div. Chem., Natl. Res. Council Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1A OR6Search for more papers by this authorB. MAILLARD, B. MAILLARD Div. Chem., Natl. Res. Council Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1A OR6Search for more papers by this authorS. DEYCARD, S. DEYCARD Div. Chem., Natl. Res. Council Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1A OR6Search for more papers by this authorD. A. LINDSAY, D. A. LINDSAY Div. Chem., Natl. Res. Council Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1A OR6Search for more papers by this authorK. U. INGOLD, K. U. INGOLD Div. Chem., Natl. Res. Council Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1A OR6Search for more papers by this author J. LUSZTYK, J. LUSZTYK Div. Chem., Natl. Res. Council Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1A OR6Search for more papers by this authorB. MAILLARD, B. MAILLARD Div. Chem., Natl. Res. Council Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1A OR6Search for more papers by this authorS. DEYCARD, S. DEYCARD Div. Chem., Natl. Res. Council Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1A OR6Search for more papers by this authorD. A. LINDSAY, D. A. LINDSAY Div. Chem., Natl. Res. Council Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1A OR6Search for more papers by this authorK. U. INGOLD, K. U. INGOLD Div. Chem., Natl. Res. Council Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1A OR6Search for more papers by this author First published: January 12, 1988 https://doi.org/10.1002/chin.198802056AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article. Volume19, Issue2January 12, 1988 RelatedInformation
Evaluating the Potential of ERS SAR in Forest Monitoring. (1996)

In reply to the second ERS announcement of opportunity we proposed anexperiment comprising three major parts: 1. Ground truth collection including a) tree architecture b) continuous monitoring of dielectric constants, water flux, soil moisture and micro climate c) microwave attenuation through the canopz, water content, and water potential. 2. Review and validation of existing radar backscatter models. 3. Comparative and synergistic analysis of data from SIR-C/X-SAR, ERS-1/2, JERS-1 and DLR's airborne E-SAR in order to derive optimum frequency/polarization combinations to retrieve stand vitality parameters.
Transmit beamforming for inter-operator spectrum sharing: From theory to practice (2012)

In this paper, four transmit beamforming (BF) techniques are selected and compared to realize inter-operator spectrum sharing, which is a promising solution for the spectrum shortage problem. The BF techniques include two game-theoretic (GT) algorithms, zero-forcing (ZF) and minimum mean square error (MMSE). After a brief description of the BF techniques in a multiple-input single-output (MISO) system, their computational complexity is analyzed. The effectiveness of these techniques in real radio frequency (RF) signal transmission is verified by implementation on a flexible hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) testbed. First, several important aspects regarding practical implementation are discussed. Afterwards, the HIL measurement results are shown, where considerable sum rate gain can be observed due to spectrum sharing. Finally, the appropriate BF technique can be chosen based on a tradeoff between complexity and performance.
Representing rules as random sets, II: Iterated rules (1998)

I. R. Goodman, H. T. Nguyen, and others have proposed the theory of random sets as a unifying paradigm for knowledge-based systems. The more types of ambiguous evidence that can be brought under the random-set umbrella, the more potentially useful the theory becomes as a systematic methodology for comparing and fusing seemingly incongruent kinds of information. Conditional event algebra provides a general framework for dealing with rule-based evidence in a manner consistent with probability theory. This and a previous companion article bring conditional event logic—and through it, rules and iterated rules—under the random set umbrella. In this article, we derive a new conditional event algebra, denoted GNW2, for rules which are contingent on other rules. We show that this logic is the only one which extends the GNW first-degree logic, admits a simple embedding into random sets, and has GNW-like behavior. We show that GNW events are contained in a Boolean subalgebra GNW* of GNW2. Finally, we show how GNW2 can be used to recursively define a GNW-like Boolean logic for iterated rules of any degree. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
AIM-GP and parallelism (2003)

Many machine learning tasks are just too hard to be solved with a single processor machine, no matter how efficient the algorithms are and how fast our hardware is. Luckily genetic programming is well suited for parallelization compared to standard serial algorithms. The paper describes the first parallel implementation of an AIM-GP system, creating the potential for an extremely fast system. The system is tested on three problems and several variants of demes and migration are evaluated. Most of the results are applicable to both linear and tree based systems.
SARS-CoV-2: Theoretical analysis of the proposed algorithms to the Enhancement and Segmentation of High-Resolution Microscopy Images. Part II (2020)

Abstract Today is a reality that the novel coronavirus SARS-Cov-2 has become a global pandemic. For this reason, the study of real microscopic images of this coronavirus is of great importance, as it allows us to carry out a more precise research on it. However, as we pointed out in a former paper [1], many times these microscopic images present some blurring problems, which are always susceptible to be improved. The aim of this work is to carry out a theoretical analysis of the proposed algorithms to enhancement and segmentation of these microscopic images, which result important for the design and development of future algorithms before new epidemics.
GONOME: measuring correlations between GO terms and genomic positions (2006)

GONOME is an algorithm that correctly extracts over-represented GO terms from a set of genomic positions. By explicitly considering gene size, GONOME avoids a systematic bias toward GO terms linked to large genes. Inappropriate use of existing algorithms that do not take gene size into account has led to erroneous or suspect conclusions. Reciprocally GONOME may be used to identify new features in genomes that are significantly associated with particular categories of genes.
A Comparison of Temporal Response Function Estimation Methods for Auditory Attention Decoding (2018)

ABSTRACT The decoding of selective auditory attention from noninvasive electroencephalogram (EEG) data is of interest in brain computer interface and auditory perception research. The current state-of-the-art approaches for decoding the attentional selection of listeners are based on temporal response functions (TRFs). In the current context, a TRF is a function that facilitates a mapping between features of sound streams and EEG responses. It has been shown that when the envelope of attended speech and EEG responses are used to derive TRF mapping functions, the TRF model predictions can be used to discriminate between attended and unattended talkers. However, the predictive performance of the TRF models is dependent on how the TRF model parameters are estimated. There exist a number of TRF estimation methods that have been published, along with a variety of datasets. It is currently unclear if any of these methods perform better than others, as they have not yet been compared side by side on a single standardized dataset in a controlled fashion. Here, we present a comparative study of the ability of different TRF estimation methods to classify attended speakers from multi-channel EEG data. The performance of the TRF estimation methods is evaluated using different performance metrics on a set of labeled EEG data from 18 subjects listening to mixtures of two speech streams.
Synthesis of New Functionalized Cyclopentadienes To Reach Reversible Bonding between Two Substrates (2008)

Reversible adhesive bonding of polymer films requires new reactive chemical compounds that permit easily broken bonds between two polymer layers. This work describes the synthesis of such new molecules possessing two reactive moieties, the cyclopentadiene-terminated thiol and the cyclopentadiene-terminated amine in 50% and 70% yields, respectively, from the known, corresponding alcohol.
Synthesis of Novel Pyrazole Derivatives and Their Tumor Cell Growth Inhibitory Activity (2019)

To find novel antitumor agents, a series of 1<i>H</i>-benzofuro[3,2-<i>c</i>]pyrazole derivatives <b>4a-e</b> were designed and synthesized. The treatment of 6-methoxybenzofuran-3(2<i>H</i>)-one <b>3</b> with LiHMDS in anhydrous tetrahydrofuran (THF) followed by reaction with 3-substitued phenyl isothiocyanate gave the thioamide intermediates, which underwent condensation with hydrazine monohydrate in dioxane/EtOH (1:1) to provide the benzofuropyrazole derivatives <b>4a</b>⁻<b>e</b> as well as the unexpected pyrazole derivatives <b>5a</b>⁻<b>e</b>. In tumor cell growth inhibitory assay, all the benzofuropyrazole derivatives were not active against the breast tumor MCF-7 cell, only <b>4a</b> was highly active and more potent than ABT-751 against the leukemia K562 (GI<sub>50</sub> = 0.26 μM) and lung tumor A549 cells (GI<sub>50</sub> = 0.19 μM), while other benzofuropyrazoles showed very weak inhibitory activity. In contrast, the pyrazoles <b>5a-e</b> were in general more potent than the benzofuropyrazoles <b>4a</b>⁻<b>e</b>. Compound <b>5a</b> exhibited a similar tendency to that of <b>4a</b> with high potency against K562 and A549 cells but weak effects on MCF-7 cell. Both pyrazoles <b>5b</b> and <b>5e</b> exhibited high inhibitory activities against K562, MCF-7 and A549 cells. The most active compound <b>5b</b> was much more potent than ABT-751 against K562 and A549 cells with GI<sub>50</sub> values of 0.021 and 0.69 M, respectively. Moreover, <b>5b</b> was identified as a novel tubulin polymerization inhibitor with an IC<sub>50</sub> of 7.30 M.
The effectiveness of Rad-Pak ICs for space-radiation hardening (2002)

Rad-Pak IC packages with radiation shields as an integral part of their structure have been designed and manufactured. Two styles were designed and fabricated assuming a fission-enhanced orbit: a 68 lead chip carrier designed to shield to the bremsstrahlung limit, and a 22 lead chip carrier providing forty-fold dose reduction. The accuracy of the computer models developed to design these packages was experimentally verified by irradiating dosimeters and functional ICs with 2-MeV electrons. The durability of the packages was demonstrated by testing samples of both designs to the test methods of MIL-STD-883C. There were no failures. The electrical and thermal characteristics of the Rad-Pak design were compared to those of standard IC packages of similar design. The shields were found to have only a slight effect on the electrical characteristics and to significantly improve the thermal properties of the Rad-Pak demonstration packages. Rad-Pak counterparts of some VHSIC packages have been designed. Computer studies of the efficiency of Rad-Pak packages as shields against ionizing radiation in space environments indicate weight savings as high as 80% over box shielding schemes.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Nb metallurgical transformations occurring in the microbridge area of an rf SQUID during its critical current adjustment (1985)

We describe the metallurgical transformations of Nb thin-film Dayem microbridges related to the adjustment of their critical current at operating temperature (4.2 K). The critical current is reduced to a few tens of microamperes when the microbridge is submitted to proper current pulses. Subsequent Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) observations show an increase of the mean Nb grain size in the microbridge area. Nb contamination by the silicon substrate is also observed, Both critical temperature and critical current decreases are attributed to these pnenomena.