gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The rapidly adapting receptors in mammalian airways and their responses to changes in extravascular fluid volume (2006)

In this short review, we shall focus on some recent findings on the physiological stimulus for the rapidly adapting receptors (RAR) of the airways. They are readily activated by a sustained inflation of the lungs and they are usually identified by their rapid adaptation to this stimulus. They are also activated by both tactile stimuli and irritant gases applied to the epithelium of the airways. The investigations reviewed here suggest that these receptors are activated by changes in extravascular fluid volume. The principal factors governing fluid flux from the microcirculation are identified in the Starling equation. These are the hydrostatic pressure, plasma oncotic pressure and capillary permeability. Findings from recent studies suggest that all these factors increase the activity of RAR. In addition, these receptors are also activated by obstruction of lymph drainage from the lung. Evidence is presented to show that manipulation of Starling forces also increases the extravascular fluid volume of the airways in areas where the RAR are located. On the basis of these findings, it is suggested that, along with mechanosensitivity to stimuli such as stretch, inflation and deflation, another physiological stimulus to the RAR is a change in extravascular fluid volume in the regions of the airways where these receptors are located.
Modelling and measurement of 2D photonic crystals with tapered hole profiles (2004)

2 and 3D Finite Difference Time Domain (FDTD) simulations and measurements of a hexagonal lattice 2D photonic crystal with holes having taper angles in the region of 3 to 7 degrees are performed. The results show a smoothing of band edges and increased losses. Reasonably good agreement between measured and modelled results is obtained.
64Gb/s Transmission over 57m MMF using an NRZ Modulated 850nm VCSEL (2014)

We report a directly modulated 850nm VCSEL-based optical link operating error free (BER < 1E-12) at 64Gb/s over 57m of OM4 multimode fiber. At 60Gb/s, the error free distance increases to 107m.
Beneficial effects of electromagnetic fields (1993)

Selective control of cell function by applying specifically configured, weak, time-varying magnetic fields has added a new, exciting dimension to biology and medicine. Field parameters for therapeutic, pulsed electromagnetic field (PEMFs) were designed to induce voltages similar to those produced, normally, during dynamic mechanical deformation of connective tissues. As a result, a wide variety of challenging musculoskeletal disorders have been treated successfully over the past two decades. More than a quarter million patients with chronically ununited fractures have benefitted, worldwide, from this surgically non-invasive method, without risk, discomfort, or the high costs of operative repair. Many of the athermal bioresponses, at the cellular and subcellular levels, have been identified and found appropriate to correct or modify the pathologic processes for which PEMFs have been used. Not only is efficacy supported by these basic studies but by a number of double-blind trials. As understanding of mechanisms expands, specific requirements for field energetics are being defined and the range of treatable ills broadened. These include nerve regeneration, wound healing, graft behavior, diabetes, and myocardial and cerebral ischemia (heart attack and stroke), among other conditions. Preliminary data even suggest possible benefits in controlling malignancy.
A Semi-automatic Methodology for Facial Landmark Annotation (2013)

Developing powerful deformable face models requires massive, annotated face databases on which techniques can be trained, validated and tested. Manual annotation of each facial image in terms of landmarks requires a trained expert and the workload is usually enormous. Fatigue is one of the reasons that in some cases annotations are inaccurate. This is why, the majority of existing facial databases provide annotations for a relatively small subset of the training images. Furthermore, there is hardly any correspondence between the annotated land-marks across different databases. These problems make cross-database experiments almost infeasible. To overcome these difficulties, we propose a semi-automatic annotation methodology for annotating massive face datasets. This is the first attempt to create a tool suitable for annotating massive facial databases. We employed our tool for creating annotations for MultiPIE, XM2VTS, AR, and FRGC Ver. 2 databases. The annotations will be made publicly available from http://ibug.doc.ic.ac.uk/ resources/facial-point-annotations/. Finally, we present experiments which verify the accuracy of produced annotations.
VITAMIN A POTENTIATES THE MITOGENIC EFFECT OF EPIDERMAL GROWTH FACTOR IN CULTURES OF NORMAL ADULT HUMAN SKIN FIBROBLASTS (1980)

The polypeptide hormone, epidermal growth factor (EGF) and Vitamin A (retinoic acid) were added to log phase cultures of adult human skin fibroblasts and the effect on cell growth observed. At the end of seven days EGF alone stimulated cell growth 68%, while trans-retinoic acid alone had no significant effect. However, when EGF was added in combination with trans-retinoic acid, cell growth was increased 159 to 214%. Cisretinoic acid gave similar results. These results indicate that, under certain conditions, a presumed inhibitor of fibroblast growth (retinoic acid) can potentiate the mitogenic action of a hormone, namely, epidermal growth factor.
High mobility 4H-SiC (0001) transistors using alkali and alkaline earth interface layers (2014)

Alkali (Rb and Cs) and alkaline earth (Ca, Sr, and Ba) elements have been investigated as interface passivation materials for metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors (MOSFETs) on 4H-SiC (0001). While the alkali elements Rb and Cs result in field-effect mobility (μFE) values &amp;gt; 25 cm2/V·s, the alkaline earth elements Sr and Ba resulted in higher μFE values of 40 and 85 cm2/V·s, respectively. The Ba-modified MOSFETs show a slight decrease in mobility with heating to 150 °C, as expected when mobility is not interface-trap-limited, but phonon-scattering-limited. With a Ba interface layer, the interface state density 0.25 eV below the conduction band is ∼3 × 1011 cm−2 eV−1, lower than that obtained with nitric oxide passivation. Devices show stable threshold voltage under 2 MV/cm gate bias stress at 175 °C, indicating no mobile ions. Secondary-ion mass spectrometry shows that the Sr and Ba stay predominantly at the interface after oxidation anneals.
Cytotoxic Activity of CD48 Monoclonal Antibodies Against Human Lymphoma Cells (2008)

CD48 is a cell surface, glycosylphosphatidylinositol-linked glycoprotein, and a potential target for treatment of leukemia and lymphoma. Two anti-CD48 mAbs, murine HuLy-m3 and human IgG1-N2A, were compared in cellular assays using a human lymphoma cell line (Raji) for their ability to inhibit cell growth and induce apoptosis. In vitro studies revealed both HuLy-m3 and IgG1-N2A mAbs were able to induce potent growth inhibition, reflected by a reduction in viable cells of approximately 70% compared to controls after 90 h. Furthermore, Raji cells treated with IgG1-N2A showed evidence of apoptosis, including increased ethidium bromide uptake, cell shrinkage and chromosomal DNA degradation.
Self-Adaptive and Resource-Efficient SLA Enactment for Cloud Computing Infrastructures (2012)

Cloud providers aim at guaranteeing Service Level Agreements (SLAs) in a resource-efficient way. This, amongst others, means that resources of virtual (VMs) and physical machines (PMs) have to be autonomically allocated responding to external influences as workload or environmental changes. Thereby, workload volatility (WV) is one of the crucial factors that influence the quality of suggested allocations. In this paper we devise a novel approach for self-adaptive and resource-efficient decision-making considering the three conflicting goals of minimizing the number of SLA violations, maximizing resource utilization, and minimizing the number of necessary time- and energy-consuming reconfiguration actions. We propose self-adaptive rule-based knowledge management for autonomic VM reconfiguration considering the rapidness of changes in the workload, i.e., WV. We introduce a novel WV categorization and present cost and volatility based methods for self-tuning. We evaluate these methods by a large variety of synthetically generated workloads, and by real-world measurements gathered from an image rendering application and a scientific workflow for RNA sequencing. Evaluation shows that in most cases the self-adaptive approach outperforms the static approach.
Measurement of Pentosidine in Biological Samples (2003)

Pentosidine is a highly fluorescent advanced glycation end product (AGE) and crosslink derived from one molecule of arginine and one of lysine bridged in an imidazo-pyridinium structure (Fig. 1). It was first isolated from articular cartilage by Sell and Monnier (1), and has now been detected and quantified in a variety of human and animal tissues, including skin and kidney collagen (2-5), lens crystallins (6, 7), plasma (8, 9), serum (10), urine (11), and synovial fluid (12, 13). Pentosidine is readily prepared from arginine, lysine, and a pentose (hence its name). Dyer et al. (14) have also described its formation from glucose, albeit at a slower rate and probably through oxidation of glucose to arabinose (15). Because its formation from either glucose or ribose requires oxidation, pentosidine is both an AGE and a "glycoxidation" product (16). Fig. 1. Structure of pentosidine.
A pharmacodynamic evaluation of hematologic toxicity observed with etoposide phosphate in the treatment of cancer patients. (1996)

The pharmacodynamics of etoposide phosphate (Etopophos; Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Princeton, NJ), a water-soluble prodrug of etoposide, was evaluated in 39 patients with solid tumors after a 30-minute intravenous infusion of escalating doses (equivalent to 50 to 175 mg/m2 of etoposide) on a day 1, 3, and 5 schedule of treatment. Serial blood samples were collected at predose and throughout the 32 hours following day 1 of treatment to determine the area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC) of etoposide phosphate and etoposide. Hematology profiles and serum chemistries were determined at predose and twice weekly for approximately 3 weeks after each treatment cycle. Both linear and nonlinear pharmacodynamic models were used to evaluate the relationship between hematologic toxicity and etoposide AUC and patient factors (age, gender, performance status, prior radiation therapy, prior chemotherapy, baseline albumin, bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase, creatinine, leukocyte count, granulocyte count). Etoposide phosphate was converted rapidly to etoposide in vivo. The ratio of the etoposide phosphate AUC to that of etoposide was < or = 1.2% indicating that etoposide was the main species in the systemic circulation. Myelosuppression was the dose-limiting toxicity, and significant decreases in white blood cell and granulocyte counts were noted. Hematologic toxicity was best described by a stepwise linear regression model consisting of etoposide AUC, serum albumin, and bilirubin. In summary, hematologic toxicity produced by the intravenous administration of etoposide phosphate correlates significantly with etoposide AUC and patient factors (baseline serum albumin and bilirubin) in cancer patients.
Low-dosed Botulinum Toxin A in the Prophylactic Management of Unilateral Migraine: A Randomized Double-blind Placebo-Controlled Crossover Study (2011)

Botulinum toxin is a therapeutic option in chronic migraine. No dose-finding studies have been conducted so far. Some authors maintain that one injection into the corrugator muscle will do. Objective: We studied the effect of Botulinum toxin (BTX) injections in patients with strictly unilateral migraine.Methods: We treated 22 patients (ITT) in a crossover design for 4 months with 2 x 5 units Onabotulinum toxin (in the corrugator and occipitalis muscle ipsilaterally). Aside from patient data, we also gathered information on undesired drug effects, besides IQOLA SF36, SF-MPQ SADP, OLBPDQ, VAS (pain intensity and daily living skills), PPI, frequency of attacks and application of medication. The statistical evaluation was guided by SPSS (V.13). Results: Assessed were 19 patients (PP) aged 45.2 ± 11.1 years, thereof 17 women. In both injection intervals there were no clinically relevant and/or statistically significant differences as to the target parameters (for example: VAS pain intensity p=0.702), with a notably evident placebo effect (VAS in placebo prior to the injection was 61.4, after 6 weeks 45.1; good or excellent improvement (TOQ) was quoted by 36.8% after 6 weeks in the placebo group). BTX merely proved superior in two aspects: Regarding the pain quality ”throbbing“ (SF-MPQ SADP), 11 patients initially indicated a pronounced intensity; after BTX only 4 of them did. As to the severity of the pain felt, (PPI) 42.2 of the subjects described ”limiting“ or ”horrible“ pain prior to the injection versus 26.3% six weeks after the injection and 21.1% 4 months later. The placebo group started out with 31.6%, that figure remaining the same (31.6%) 6 weeks later, rising to 42.2% after 4 months. 84.2% of the BTX-group and 63.2% in the placebo group requested a reinjection when the study was completed. Conclusion: The injection of low-dosed Botulinumtoxin A did not show any relevant or significant effects in patients with unilateral migraine without aura. One injection into the corrugator muscle alone must be considered as ineffective. The place-value of the two injection sites remains in the open.
Effects of Surfactants and Surface Treatment on Aqueous Dispersion of Silicon Carbide (1987)

Abstract The effects of the addition of surfactants and of the surface treatment upon the aqueous dispersion of silicon carbide were examined. In the case of β-SiC, the addition of nonionic surfactants having relatively longer lengths of hydrocarbon and oxyethylene chain to the β-SiC treated with a silane coupling agent enhanced the dispersion stability. On the other hand, the lack of a difference for the dispersion stability was observed between a silane coupling treated α-SiC and an untreated one by the addition of surfactants. These differences in the surface property of two kinds of SiC were confirmed by measuring the zeta potential and the heat of immersion in water.
A sequential detection approach to target tracking (1994)

Sequential hypothesis testing is investigated for multiframe detection and tracking of low-observable maneuvering point-source targets in a digital image sequence. The proposed multiple multistage hypothesis test tracking (MMHTT) algorithm extends tracks formed from sequentially detected target trajectory segments using a multiple hypothesis tracking strategy. The MMHTT algorithm does not require a probabilistic larger maneuver model. Computational efficiency is achieved by using a truncated sequential probability ratio test (SPRT) to prune a dense tree of candidate target trajectories and score the detected trajectory segments. An analytical performance evaluation is presented and confirmed by experimental results from an optical satellite tracking application.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Channel Selection Procedure using Riemannian distance for BCI applications (2011)

International audience
Active control of sound based on diagonal recurrent neural network (2003)

The recurrent neural network has been known for its dynamic mapping and better suited for nonlinear dynamical systems. A nonlinear controller may be needed in cases where the actuators exhibit nonlinear characteristics, or in cases when the structure to be controlled exhibits nonlinear behavior. The feedforward network with static characteristics usually uses a tapped delay input to control a nonlinear dynamic system. In a recurrent network, on the other hand, the dynamic behavior of the nonlinear system can be captured by the internal loop in its neurons and thus, a better system estimation and control can be expected using this control structure. A multilayer perceptron diagonal recurrent neural network (DRNN) based control structure is employed to improve the performance of feedforward structure for active noise control (ANC) systems where the nonlinearity occurs in the actuators. A comparison of DRNN with feedforward network is presented to highlight the improvement made by the recurrent structure.
The Interaction Mode of Premalignant Schwann and Immune Effector Cells during Chemically Induced Carcinogenesis in the Rat Peripheral Nervous System Is Strongly Influenced by Genetic Background (2006)

Contrary to rats of the highly sensitive inbred strain BDIX, BDIV rats are resistant to the induction of malignant schwannomas by N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea, arising predominantly in the trigeminal nerves. A point mutation of the neu/erbB-2 gene diagnostic of N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea-induced rat schwannomas is an early marker of Schwann precursor cells at high risk of subsequent malignant transformation. Neu-mutant cells initially arise at a similar frequency in sensitive and resistant animals. However, these cells disappear from the trigeminal nerves of resistant rats while giving rise to highly malignant schwannomas in susceptible animals. The resistance of BDIV rats obviously includes mechanisms to recognize and eliminate premalignant cells. The involvement of a cellular immune response was investigated in trigeminal nerves of both strains at different times after neonatal carcinogen exposure. An inflammatory reaction involving sequentially CD4(+) macrophages and T helper cells, CD8(+) cytotoxic T cells, and ED1(+) and ED2(+) macrophages was detected as a consequence of N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea treatment as early as postnatal day 40, briefly after the emergence of premalignant neu-mutant Schwann cells. It persisted throughout the observation period (40-250 days). However, there were no gross differences in immune cell counts between tumor-susceptible and tumor-resistant rats, except for a moderate increase of ED2(+) macrophages in N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea-treated BDIX rats only. Differential interactions of immune effector cells with premalignant Schwann cells may thus be involved in genetically determined tumor susceptibility or resistance, which could include functional differences of immune effector cells and/or a differential capability of premalignant Schwann cells to escape or counteract the cellular immune response.
A cocktail party with a cortical twist: How cortical mechanisms contribute to sound segregation (2008)

Sound systems and speech technologies can benefit greatly from a deeper understanding of how the auditory system, and particularly the auditory cortex, is able to parse complex acoustic scenes into meaningful auditory objects and streams under adverse conditions. In the current work, a biologically plausible model of this process is presented, where the role of cortical mechanisms in organizing complex auditory scenes is explored. The model consists of two stages: (i) a feature analysis stage that maps the acoustic input into a multidimensional cortical representation and (ii) an integrative stage that recursively builds up expectations of how streams evolve over time and reconciles its predictions with the incoming sensory input by sorting it into different clusters. This approach yields a robust computational scheme for speaker separation under conditions of speech or music interference. The model can also emulate the archetypal streaming percepts of tonal stimuli that have long been tested in human subjects. The implications of this model are discussed with respect to the physiological correlates of streaming in the cortex as well as the role of attention and other top-down influences in guiding sound organization.
Polarization-dependent noise in photon-number squeezed light generated by quantum-well lasers (1996)

Amplitude noise spectra from the nonclassical output of an injection-locked low-temperature quantum-well laser analyzed along orthogonal polarization axes reveals correlated polarization-dependent noise. Using polarization-preserving balanced homodyne detection to suppress these effects, we demonstrate photon-number fluctuations 4.5 dB below the semiclassical shot-noise limit (within 95% of the expected squeezing based on the device efficiency). Polarization mixing through birefringent components and, more significantly, correlated fluctuations originating in the laser gain medium are shown to account for the observations.
Highly active catalysts for olefin metathesis in water (2012)

Preparation of novel, highly water soluble Ru complexes, which contain quaternary ammonium chloride tags is presented. The “on-site” quaternisation method can be used to obtain polar metathesis catalysts in an easy and efficient manner. Application profiles of three representative catalysts are described.
Extended Duration Nocturnal Hemodialysis and Changes in Plasma Metabolite Profiles (2018)

Across a wide array of metabolites examined, extended duration hemodialysis was associated with modest changes in the plasma metabolome, with most differences relating to metabolite increases, despite increased dialysis time. Few metabolites showed reduction with more dialysis, and no change in several established uremic toxins was observed.
Genetic variation in cholesterol ester transfer protein, serum CETP activity, and coronary artery disease risk in Asian Indian diabetic cohort (2011)

Our results, in conjunction with earlier reports confirm low CETP activity to be associated with higher CAD risk. Although there was no direct association of CETP activity with CETP polymorphisms, our findings revealed a significant interaction between CETP variants and CETP activity for affecting HDL-C levels. These results urge a deeper evaluation of the individual genetic variation in the CETP before implementing pharmaceutical intervention of blocking CETP for preventing CAD events.
Thermodynamic behavior of the CO2+SO2 mixture: Experimental and Monte Carlo simulation studies (2009)

Accurate knowledge of the thermodynamic properties of CO2+ contaminant mixtures is required in order to develop optimized carbon dioxide capture and storage solutions. In the present work, the thermodynamic behavior of the CO2+SO2 binary system has been investigated using two different approaches: experimental measurements and molecular simulation calculations. Isothermal vapor-liquid equilibrium (VLE) data have been measured at 263 K and 333 K. The composition of both the gaseous and the liquid phases were measured by gas chromatography once equilibrium had been achieved. Molecular simulation calculations of phase equilibrium were performed on the same binary mixture under the same temperature conditions using the Gibbs Ensemble Monte Carlo method. No calibrations on experimental binary data were performed for these calculations. The experiments and simulations appear consistent as the obtained results are in excellent agreement. As a result, molecular simulation could be used as an attractive and cost-efficient alternative to experimental techniques for generating new thermodynamic data for this mixture.