gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
C-H Amination Catalysis from High-Spin Ferrous Complexes (2013)

The C-H amination and olefin aziridination chemistry of iron supported by dipyrromethene ligands (RLAr, L=1,9-R2-5-aryldipyrromethene, R = Mes, 2,4,6-Ph3C6H2, tBu, Ad, 10-camphoryl, Ar = Mes, 2,4,6-Cl3C6H2) was explored. The weak-field, pyrrole-based dipyrrinato ligand was designed to generate an electrophilic, high-spin metal center capable of accessing high valent reactive intermediates in the presence of organic azides. Isolation of the reactive intermediate in combination with a series of mechanistic experiments suggest the N-group transfer chemistry proceeds through a rapid, single-electron pathway and maintains an overall S=2 electronic configuration throughout the catalytic cycle. We have established the catalysts' strong preference for allylic amination over aziridination with olefin containing substrates. Aziridination is limited to styrenyl substrates without allylic C-H bonds, while allylic amination has been demonstrated with both cyclic and linear aliphatic alkenes. Notably, the functionalization of &amp;alpha-olefins to linear allylic amines occurs with outstanding regioselectivity.
2D optical interconnects between CMOS ICs (2005)

We describe an optical interconnect demonstrator in which 2D fiber ribbons directly interconnect digital CMOS ICs with flip-chip mounted VCSEL and detector arrays. Novel approaches are demonstrated for the optical interface to the CMOS package.
The unlock project: A Python-based framework for practical brain-computer interface communication &#x201C;app&#x201D; development (2012)

In this paper we present a framework for reducing the development time needed for creating applications for use in non-invasive brain-computer interfaces (BCI). Our framework is primarily focused on facilitating rapid software "app" development akin to current efforts in consumer portable computing (e.g. smart phones and tablets). This is accomplished by handling intermodule communication without direct user or developer implementation, instead relying on a core subsystem for communication of standard, internal data formats. We also provide a library of hardware interfaces for common mobile EEG platforms for immediate use in BCI applications. A use-case example is described in which a user with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis participated in an electroencephalography-based BCI protocol developed using the proposed framework. We show that our software environment is capable of running in real-time with updates occurring 50-60 times per second with limited computational overhead (5 ms system lag) while providing accurate data acquisition and signal analysis.
The Meleagrid herpesvirus 1 Genome Is Partially Resistant to Transposition (2013)

The propagation of herpesvirus genomes as infectious bacterial artificial chromosomes (iBAC) has enabled the application of highly efficient strategies to investigate gene function across the genome. One of these strategies, transposition, has been used successfully on a number of herpesvirus iBACs to generate libraries of gene disruption mutants. Gene deletion studies aimed at determining the dispensable gene repertoire of the Meleagrid herpesvirus 1 (MeHV-1) genome to enhance the utility of this virus as a vaccine vector have been conducted in this report. A MeHV-1 iBAC was used in combination with the Tn5 and MuA transposition systems in an attempt to generate MeHV-1 gene interruption libraries. However, these studies demonstrated that Tn5 transposition events into the MeHV-1 genome occurred at unexpectedly low frequencies. Furthermore, characterization of genomic locations of the rare Tn5 transposon insertion events indicated a nonrandom distribution within the viral genome, with seven of the 24 insertions occurring within the gene encoding infected cell protein 4. Although insertion events with the MuA system occurred at higher frequency compared with the Tn5 system, fewer insertion events were generated than has previously been reported with this system. The characterization and distribution of these MeHV-1 iBAC transposed mutants is discussed at both the nucleotide and genomic level, and the properties of the MeHV-1 genome that could influence transposition frequency are discussed.
Analysis of N- and O-Glycosylation of Plant Proteins (1998)

In eukaryotic cells, secreted proteins can be subjected to numerous post-translational modifications. One of these, glycosylation, consists of the addition of sugar residues to the protein backbone, while the protein enters or travels within the secretory pathway. Glycosylation of secreted proteins can be of two types∶ N- or O-glycosylation, depending on the linkage involved between the oligosaccharide moiety and the protein backbone.
Identification of benzene as a volatile metabolite of p-toluic acid phenylhydrazide (TAPH) (1977)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTIdentification of benzene as a volatile metabolite of p-toluic acid phenylhydrazide (TAPH)Prem S. Jaglan, John L. Nappier, Rex E. Hornish, and Alan R. FriedmanCite this: J. Agric. Food Chem. 1977, 25, 4, 963–964Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1977Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1977https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jf60212a001https://doi.org/10.1021/jf60212a001research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views27Altmetric-Citations1LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Improving thrombolysis with encapsulated plasminogen activators and clinical relevance to myocardial infarction and stroke. (2004)

Our efforts have focused on investigating the potential benefit of encapsulated thrombolytic agents for treatment of clot-based crises. Liposome encapsulated plasminogen activators (LEPAs) have demonstrated improved thrombolysis in vivo in multiple laboratories. Compared to free agents, LEPAs demonstrate faster reperfusion times, reduced residual clot masses, and more rapid and complete restoration of blood flow. We have encapsulated streptokinase in both liposomes (LESK) and polymer microcapsules (MESK). Both formulations demonstrated reductions in reperfusion times, residual clot mass, and improved return of flow compared to identical dosages of free streptokinase in a thrombosed rabbit carotid, with MESK resulting in comparable or even greater improvements. In addition, marked reductions in bleeding complications and ventricular infarct size have been observed in a canine model of acute myocardial infarction. The mechanism for MESK has recently been explored in our laboratory using multiple microscopic techniques. MESK appears to resist adsorption to the leading edge of the thrombus, a common limitation for the permeation of free plasminogen activators. By avoiding adsorption and penetrating the thrombus, greater spatial distribution of the agent within the clot can be achieved. This data suggests that encapsulation of streptokinase could provide a therapeutic option for treatment of thrombosed arteries.
<title>Optical characterization of dense tissues using low-coherence interferometry</title> (1993)

Reflectometers based on low-coherence interferometry are potentially useful tools for probing superficial biological structures. In this paper, we present results of theoretical and experimental investigations of the variables that affect the backscattered signals measured by low-coherence reflectometers from dense tissues. Using a single-backscatter model of a turbid biological sample, we examine the effects of the focal spot size and collection angle on the heterodyne efficiency for light backscattered over a range of sampling depths. Coherence losses resulting from multiple scattering are studied using a simple analytical model augmented by numerical simulations. Our results suggest that the single-backscatter model, which has been applied previously in atmospheric lidar and ultrasound studies, provides a good description of the relationship between the shape of the reflectance-vs-depth profiles and the optical properties of a turbid sample under certain conditions. Model predictions were tested by measuring reflectance profiles from dense suspensions of particles using a low-coherence reflectometer built in our laboratory and a commercially available fiber-optic reflectometer. Results of these measurements are compared with others obtained in vivo from human skin. To demonstrate that small structures located at depths of several hundred microns can be probed without contacting a biological specimen, we show an image of bone specimen obtained with the laboratory reflectometer.
The role of cerium sites in the scintillation mechanism of LSO (2002)

The crystal structure of Lu/sub 2/(SiO/sub 4/)O:Ce ("LSO") has two trivalent cation sites which may be occupied by Ce/sup 3+/ to form luminescence centers. Previous investigations revealed the existence of two distinct sets of Ce/sup 3+/ excitation and emission spectra and suggested that the differences in the spectra are due to differences in the crystal fields at the two lattice sites that shift the 5d levels of Ce/sup 3+/. In the present report, we re examine this issue and present new evidence which suggests a different interpretation. In particular, spectra measured at 13 K suggest that both lattice sites give rise to indistinguishable excitation and emission spectra while the second set of observed spectra arises from Ce/sup 3+/ located in interstitial sites. The evidence for the interstitial sites is a disappearance of the doublet structure in the emission spectra and a large variation in the population of the sites as a function of total cerium concentration. In addition, the results indicate that the scintillation properties of LSO are influenced by the relative population of Ce in interstitial sites compared to lattice sites as well as by differences in the transfer efficiencies to different sites.
Seasonal Shedding of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in Ruminants: A New Hypothesis (2006)

Seasonal shedding of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in ruminants is well documented; however, viable explanations for this phenomenon are lacking. The fecal prevalence of E. coli O157:H7 in ruminants is the highest in the summer months, decreasing to low or undetectable levels in the winter. To determine if day length is correlated to seasonal shedding, nine reports of E. coli O157:H7 prevalence in cattle were selected for similarity of sampling technique, culture methodology, cattle type, and ability to determine approximate sampling month and location, representing three regions in North America (southern Canada, midwestern United States, and the southern United States/Mexico). Correlation and regression analysis revealed a positive correlation existed between day length (r = 0.67; R2 = 0.45; P = 0.0009) and, to a lesser extent, ambient temperature (r = 0.43; R2 = 0.19; P = 0.05) and E. coli O157:H7 prevalence. Based on these results, a study was conducted in a commercial feedlot to examine the effect of artificial lighting on E. coli O157 prevalence. Four pens of cattle received approximately 5 hours of artificial lighting daily (in addition to the natural light) for 60 days and four pens served as controls. Freshly voided fecal samples (representing approximately 30% of the steers/pen) were collected from the pen floor and cultured for E. coli O157 after 25 and 53 days of artificial lighting and 28 and 43 days following cessation of the lighting treatment. Fecal prevalence of E. coli O157 remained constant in the lighted pens whereas prevalence was lower (P < 0.01) in the control treatment after 53 days of lighting. Forty-three days following cessation of the lighting treatment, prevalence decreased in the lighted treatment group to levels comparable (P > 0.20) to control levels. Understanding the mechanisms underlying the seasonality of this important foodborne pathogen will enable the implementation of effective control strategies when it is most prevalent.
Fluvastatin in the first-line therapy of acute coronary syndrome: results of the multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial (the FACS-trial) (2010)

NCT00171275.
Expanding the utility of the dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) mouse model to induce a clinically relevant loss of intestinal barrier function (2020)

Extended exposure (seven days) to DSS resulted in substantial, unrecoverable loss of intestinal structure and intestinal permeability increases of greater than 600-fold. Attenuated DSS administration durations (four days) produced less severe symptoms by all metrics. Intestinal permeability increased only 8-fold compared to healthy mice, better recapitulating the 2-18 fold increases in permeability observed in patients. The attenuated model retains the hallmark properties of colitis against which to compare therapeutic candidates. Our results demonstrate that an attenuated DSS colitis model obtains clinically relevant increases in intestinal permeability, enabling the effective evaluation of therapeutic candidates that promote barrier function.
Enhancing the Performance of the AutoPap 300 QC System with Optimal Staining and Presentation of Cervical Smears (1997)

The present study demonstrated that the performance of the AutoPap 300 is enhanced by meticulous attention to preanalytic staining and presentation procedures.
Exploiting Resource Contention in Highly Mobile Environments and Its Application to Vehicular Ad-Hoc Networks (2019)

As network resources are shared between many users, resource management must be a key part of any communication system as it is needed to provide seamless communication and to ensure that applications and servers receive their required Quality-of-Service. However, mobile environments also need to consider handover issues. Furthermore, in a highly mobile environment, traditional reactive approaches to handover are inadequate and thus proactive techniques have been investigated. Recent research in proactive handover techniques defined two key parameters: Time Before Handover (TBH) and Network Dwell Time (NDT) for a mobile node in any given networking topology. Using this approach, it is possible to enhance resource management in common networks using probabilistic mechanisms because it is possible to express contention for resources in terms of No Contention, Partial Contention, and Full Contention. This proactive approach is further enhanced by the use of a contention queue to detect contention between incoming requests and those waiting for service. This paper therefore presents a new methodology to support proactive resource allocation for future networks such as Vehicular Ad-Hoc Networks. The proposed approach has been applied to a vehicular testbed and results are presented that show that this approach can improve overall network performance in mobile heterogeneous environments.
Minimum-Cost Offloading for Collaborative Task Execution of MEC-Assisted Platooning (2019)

In this paper, we study the offloading decision of collaborative task execution between platoon and Mobile Edge Computing (MEC) server. The mobile application is represented by a series of fine-grained tasks that form a linear topology, each of which is either executed on a local vehicle, offloaded to other members of the platoon, or offloaded to a MEC server. The objective of the design is to minimize the cost of tasks offloading and meets the deadline of tasks execution. The cost minimized task decision problem is transformed into the shortest path problem, which is limited by the deadline of the tasks on a directed acyclic graph. The classical Lagrangian Relaxation-based Aggregated Cost (LARAC) algorithm is adopted to solve the problem approximately. Numerical analysis shows that the scheduling method of the tasks decision can be well applied to the platoon scenario and execute the tasks in cooperation with the MEC server. In addition, compared with task local execution, platoon execution and MEC server execution, the optimal offloading decision for collaborative task execution can significantly reduce the cost of task execution and meet deadlines.
Vitamin B‐12 and Folate Status in Relation to Decline in Scores on the Mini‐Mental State Examination in the Framingham Heart Study (2012)

Plasma vitamin B-12 levels from 187 to 256.8 pmol/L predict cognitive decline. Furthermore, having plasma vitamin B-12 levels in this range or below in conjunction with high plasma folate or supplemental folate use predicts especially rapid cognitive decline.
DC modeling and characterization of AlGaAs/GaAs heterojunction bipolar transistors for high-temperature applications (1994)

The large signal dc characteristics of AlGaAs/GaAs heterojunction bipolar transistors (HBT) at high temperatures (27/spl deg/-300/spl deg/C) are reported. A high-temperature SPICE model is developed which includes the recombination-generation current components and avalanche multiplication which become extremely important at high temperatures. The effect of avalanche breakdown is also included to model the current due to thermal generation of electron/hole pairs causing breakdown at high temperatures. A parameter extraction program is developed and used to extract the model parameters of HBT's at different temperatures. Fitting functions for the model parameters as a function of temperature are developed. These parameters are then used in the SPICE Ebers-Moll model for the dc characterization of the HBT at any temperature between (27/spl deg/-300/spl deg/C).< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Comparison of non-linear activation functions for deep neural networks on MNIST classification task (2018)

Activation functions play a key role in neural networks so it becomes fundamental to understand their advantages and disadvantages in order to achieve better performances. This paper will first introduce common types of non linear activation functions that are alternative to the well known sigmoid function and then evaluate their characteristics. Moreover deeper neural networks will be analysed because they positively influence the final performances compared to shallower networks. They also strictly depend on the weight initialisation hence the effect of drawing weights from Gaussian and uniform distribution will be analysed making particular attention on how the number of incoming and outgoing connection to a node influence the whole network.
DAP12 and CD11b contribute to the microglial-induced death of dopaminergic neurons in vitro but not in vivo in the MPTP mouse model of Parkinson’s disease (2013)

Overall, our data suggest that DAP12 and CD11b contribute to microglial-induced DN cell death in vitro but not in vivo in the MPTP mouse model of PD. Therefore, the CD11b/DAP12 pathway may not be considered as a promising therapeutic target for PD.
Project W-314 specific test and evaluation plan for 241-AY-01A pump pit upgrade (1998)

This Specific Test and Evaluation Plan (STEP) defines the test and evaluation activities encompassing the upgrade of the 241-AY-0IA Pump Pit for the W-314 Project. The purpose of this Specific Test and Evaluation Plan (STEP) is to provide a detailed written plan for the systematic testing of modifications made to the 241-AY-01A Pump Pit by the W-314 Project. The STEP develops the outline for test procedures that verify the system`s performance to the established Project design criteria. The STEP is a lower tier document based on the W-314 Test and Evaluation Plan (TEP).
Synthetic peptide models for the redox-active disulfide loop of glutaredoxin. Conformational studies (1988)

Two cyclic peptide disulfides (Sequence: see text). (X = L-Tyr or L-Phe) have been synthesized as models for the 14-membered redox-active disulfide loop of glutaredoxin. 1H NMR studies at 270 MHz in chloroform solutions establish a type I beta-turn conformation for the Pro-X segment in both peptides, stabilized by a 4----1 hydrogen bond between the Cys(1) CO and Cys(4) NH groups. Nuclear Overhauser effects establish that the aromatic ring in the X = Phe peptide is oriented over the central peptide unit. In dimethyl sulfoxide solutions two conformational species are observed in slow exchange on the NMR time scale, for both peptides. These are assigned to type I and type II beta-turn structures with -Pro-Tyr(Phe)- as the corner residues. The structural assignments are based on correlation of NMR parameters with model 14-membered cyclic cystine peptides with Pro-X spacers. Circular dichroism studies based on the -S-S- n-omega* transition suggest a structural change in the disulfide bridge with changing solvent polarity, establishing conformational coupling between the peptide backbone and the disulfide linkage in these systems.
Effects of Clopidogrel, Prasugrel and Ticagrelor on Microvascular Function and Platelet Reactivity in Patients With Acute Coronary Syndrome Undergoing Coronary Artery Stenting. A Randomized, Blinded, Parallel Group Trial (2021)

<b>Aims:</b> In this pre-specified analysis of the "endothelium, stent and antiplatelet therapy" study, we investigate the impact of antiplatelet therapies on microvascular function in patients undergoing stenting for an acute coronary syndrome. <b>Methods and Results:</b> Fifty-six patients [age: 63(55-67) years, males, 10 diabetics, 27 non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction] were randomized to receive clopidogrel, ticagrelor or prasugrel in form of oral loading 2 h before stenting followed by oral therapy. Investigators were blinded to the allocation. Laser-Doppler microvascular function and ADP-induced platelet aggregation capacity were measured at baseline, 2 h after oral antiplatelet loading, and 1 day, 1 week and 1 month after stenting during chronic therapy with the same antiplatelet agent. Platelet aggregation decreased in all groups 2 h after oral loading, with a significantly larger effect in the prasugrel group (<i>P</i> = 0.009). Similarly, prasugrel and ticagrelor loading was followed by an increase in microvascular reactive hyperemia (<i>P</i> = 0.007 and <i>P</i> = 0.042 compared to clopidogrel). This effect disappeared one day after coronary intervention, with a significant decrease in the prasugrel group (<i>P</i> = 0.026). Similarly, analysis of microvascular conductance showed a larger increase in the prasugrel group 2 h after loading (<i>P</i> = 0.022 among groups), and a decrease in all groups after stenting. <b>Conclusions:</b> Oral loading with prasugrel (and less consistently ticagrelor) is associated with improved microvascular function and stronger platelet inhibition in acute coronary syndrome patients. The microvascular effect was however lost 1 day after stenting and during subsequent follow-up. Further studies are necessary to clarify the the long-term effects and potential benefits of P2Y12 inhibitors on microvascular damage. <b>ClINICALTRIALS.gov N°:</b> NCT01700322 <b>EUDRACT-N°:</b> 2011-005305-73.
Germanium Photonic Crystal Nanobeam Cavity with Q > 1,300 (2015)

We fabricate germanium-based photonic crystal nanobeam cavities and observe a large enhancement (~170 times) of room-temperature photoluminescence signal at a cavity resonance of ~1,700 nm. A cavity quality factor as high as 1,350 is achieved.