gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
CTGF antagonism with mAb FG-3019 enhances chemotherapy response without increasing drug delivery in murine ductal pancreas cancer (2013)

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) is characterized by abundant desmoplasia and poor tissue perfusion. These features are proposed to limit the access of therapies to neoplastic cells and blunt treatment efficacy. Indeed, several agents that target the PDA tumor microenvironment promote concomitant chemotherapy delivery and increased antineoplastic response in murine models of PDA. Prior studies could not determine whether chemotherapy delivery or microenvironment modulation per se were the dominant features in treatment response, and such information could guide the optimal translation of these preclinical findings to patients. To distinguish between these possibilities, we used a chemical inhibitor of cytidine deaminase to stabilize and thereby artificially elevate gemcitabine levels in murine PDA tumors without disrupting the tumor microenvironment. Additionally, we used the FG-3019 monoclonal antibody (mAb) that is directed against the pleiotropic matricellular signaling protein connective tissue growth factor (CTGF/CCN2). Inhibition of cytidine deaminase raised the levels of activated gemcitabine within PDA tumors without stimulating neoplastic cell killing or decreasing the growth of tumors, whereas FG-3019 increased PDA cell killing and led to a dramatic tumor response without altering gemcitabine delivery. The response to FG-3019 correlated with the decreased expression of a previously described promoter of PDA chemotherapy resistance, the X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein. Therefore, alterations in survival cues following targeting of tumor microenvironmental factors may play an important role in treatment responses in animal models, and by extension in PDA patients.
Introduction (1987)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text James R. Fienup and Craig K. Rushforth, "Introduction," J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 4, 102-102 (1987) Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
A Formal Synthesis of Porantheridine and an Epimer (2009)

A formal synthesis of porantheridine and a synthesis of its C6-epimer have been completed, employing silver-catalyzed allene cyclization to form a common cis-isoxazolidine intermediate and related N-acyl iminium ion intermediates for side-chain introduction. The stereochemistry of this step can be controlled by choice of the N-protection method.
Extracellular matrix modulates the proliferation of rat astrocytes in serum‐free culture (1993)

The mechanism of glial proliferation in the developing nervous system, as well as in response to injury, inflammation, and tumor invasion, is unknown. Several growth factors and extracellular matrices have been shown to stimulate the proliferation of cultured cells of various origin, including astrocytes. We investigated the effect of extracellular matrix components, including fibronectin (FN), laminin (LN), and collagen types I and IV, on the growth of astrocytes during stimulation by various growth factors. When astrocytes were grown on FN- and LN-coated wells in a serum-free, chemically defined medium, their increase in number significantly exceeded that of cells grown on plastic wells. The addition of platelet-derived or basic fibroblast growth factor to cells cultured on FN- or LN-coated wells significantly potentiated astrocyte proliferation. The collagen preparations had no such effect. These observations indicate that FN and LN have a fundamental part in converting the quiescent astrocyte into the proliferating phenotype, which may be required for remodelling damaged brain tissues in vivo.
Direct observation of structure and dynamics during phase separation of an elastomeric protein (2017)

Despite its growing importance in biology and in biomaterials development, liquid-liquid phase separation of proteins remains poorly understood. In particular, the molecular mechanisms underlying simple coacervation of proteins, such as the extracellular matrix protein elastin, have not been reported. Coacervation of the elastin monomer, tropoelastin, in response to heat and salt is a critical step in the assembly of elastic fibers in vivo, preceding chemical cross-linking. Elastin-like polypeptides (ELPs) derived from the tropoelastin sequence have been shown to undergo a similar phase separation, allowing formation of biomaterials that closely mimic the material properties of native elastin. We have used NMR spectroscopy to obtain site-specific structure and dynamics of a self-assembling elastin-like polypeptide along its entire self-assembly pathway, from monomer through coacervation and into a cross-linked elastic material. Our data reveal that elastin-like hydrophobic domains are composed of transient β-turns in a highly dynamic and disordered chain, and that this disorder is retained both after phase separation and in elastic materials. Cross-linking domains are also highly disordered in monomeric and coacervated ELP<sub>3</sub> and form stable helices only after chemical cross-linking. Detailed structural analysis combined with dynamic measurements from NMR relaxation and diffusion data provides direct evidence for an entropy-driven mechanism of simple coacervation of a protein in which transient and nonspecific intermolecular hydrophobic contacts are formed by disordered chains, whereas bulk water and salt are excluded.
High Speed Interface Wirebond Modeling Division Methodology (2006)

As the frequency of the high speed interfaces in computer platforms and systems continue to ramp due to architectural advancement and strong market demands, electronic packages have been stretched to its limit to support these interfaces. The increase in the complexities caused the electrical modeling methodologies to become increasingly complicated and tedious too. New modeling methodologies have to be developed to shorten through put time without sacrificing much of its accuracy. Wirebond package has been in the industry for a long time due to its good performance and relatively low cost compared to Flip Chip package. Even though facing huge challenge to support higher frequency interfaces, wirebond package still proves to be a capable and cost effective solution, but at the expense of requiring extensive and tedious modeling work. This paper discusses the high speed interfaces wirebond modeling methodology proposed to improve through put time and scalability besides reducing multiple models extraction required and human errors associated with it. This is done by mathematically dividing the parasitic Resistance, Inductance and Capacitance obtained from a full wirebond model by the number of segments required based on the interface frequency. In order to obtain a 3-Dimensional package electrical model, the wirebond models are extracted and analyzed based on their actual physical dimension from a specific package for accurate results using AnsoftLink™ and Ansoft Q3D Extractor®.
1H and 13C NMR studies on N‐acetyl‐L‐alanyl‐L‐alanine‐methylamide (1981)

Abstract 1 H and 13 C NMR spectra of N ‐acetyl‐ L ‐alanyl‐ L ‐alaninemethylamide and N ‐acetyl‐ L ‐alanyl‐ L ‐alanine methyl ester were measured in [ 2 H] 6 ‐dimethyl sulfoxide and deuteriochloroform/trifluoroacetic acid solutions. The assignments of the N ‐terminal and internal NH proton peaks of the amide could be made by means of deuterium exchange experiments in [ 2 H] 6 ‐dimethyl sulfoxide solution. An association model of the amide with an antiparallel β‐sheet structure was proposed by taking into account the presence of an IR absorption at 1 690 cm −1 as amide I band and the results of the measurement of 3 J H N‐C α H coupling constants, as well as the deuterium exchange experiment. Moreover, the interaction between the peptide units in these two compounds and trifluoroacetic acid seems to be weaker than the N ‐acetyl‐ L ‐alaninemethylamide‐acid interaction in a deuteriochloroform/trifluoroacetic acid solvent system of the same concentration.
Pilot scale production of the vaccine adjuvant Proteoliposome derived Cochleates (AFCo1) from Neisseria meningitidis serogroup B (2013)

The use of new adjuvants in vaccine formulations is a subject of current research. Only few parenteral adjuvants have been licensed. We have developed a mucosal and parenteral adjuvant known as AFCo1 (Adjuvant Finlay Cochleate 1, derived from proteoliposomes of N. meningitidis B) using a dialysis procedure to produce them on lab scale. The immunogenicity of the AFCo1 produced by dialysis has been already evaluated, but it was necessary to demonstrate the feasibility of a larger-scale manufacturing process. Therefore, we used a crossflow diafiltration system (CFS) that allows easy scale up to obtain large batches in an aseptic environment. The aim of this work was to produce AFCo1 on pilot scale, while conserving the adjuvant properties. The proteoliposomes (raw material) were resuspended in a buffer containing sodium deoxycholate and were transformed into AFCo1 under the action of a calcium forming buffer. The detergent was removed from the protein solution by diafiltration to a constant volume. In this CFS, we used a hollow fiber cartridge from Amicon (polysulfona cartridge of 10 kDa porosity, 1mm channel diameter of fiber and 0.45 m² area of filtration), allowing production of a batch of up to 20 L. AFCo1 were successfully produced by tangential filtration to pilot scale. The batch passed preliminary stability tests. Nasal immunization of BALB/c mice, induced specific saliva IgA and serum IgG. The induction of Th1 responses were demonstrated by the induction of IgG2a, IFNγ and not IL-5. The adjuvant action over Neisseria (self) antigens and with co-administered (heterologous) antigens such as ovalbumin and a synthetic peptide from haemolytic Streptococcus B was also demonstrated.
Evaluating Geomorphic Change in Constructed Two‐Stage Ditches (2022)

Straight, trapezoidal-shaped surface drainage channels efficiently drain the soil profile, but their deviations from natural fluvial conditions drive the need for frequent maintenance. Ecological and socioeconomic impacts of drainage ditch maintenance activities can be significant, leading to harmful algal blooms and increased sedimentation. We developed a two-stage ditch design that is more consistent with fluvial form and process. The approach has potential to enhance ecological services while meeting drainage needs essential for agricultural production. We studied geomorphic change of the inset channel, benches, and banks of seven two-stage ditches in Ohio, Indiana, and Michigan. Three to ten years after construction, inset channel changes reflected natural adjustments, but not all ditches had reached their quasi-equilibrium state. Ditches had experienced both degradation and aggradation on the benches at a rate of 0.5–13 mm/year. Aggradation on the benches was not likely to threaten tile drain outlets. Localized scour was observed on the banks at some sites, but at all but one site changes were not statistically significant. Except for the removal of woody vegetation, none of the ditches required routine maintenance since construction. Two-stage ditches can be a stable, viable option for drainage ditch management if designed and installed properly on the landscape.
Isochronal Annealing Study of Deep Levels in Hydrogen Implanted p-Type 4H-SiC (2007)

Aluminum doped 4H-SiC samples have been implanted with 200 and 100 keV hydrogen at five different temperatures. An isochronal annealing series has been carried out up to 1000 °C and deep level transient spectroscopy (DLTS) was performed after every annealing step in the 150-700 K temperature range. After studying the role of the annealing treatments on the reactivation of aluminum acceptors, we discuss the results of the DLTS experiment. Eight deep levels were found in the 0.15 - 0.7 eV range above the valence band (E v ), and their annealing behavior, as a function of the temperature is presented. We found that deep levels implanted at temperatures below 300 °C are less thermally stable. Furthermore, we compare the experimental results with theoretical data present in the literature, and suggest a possible microscopic structure of the detected levels.
Effects of deletions of mbtH-like genes on clorobiocin biosynthesis in Streptomyces coelicolor (2007)

In the biosynthetic gene cluster of the aminocoumarin antibiotic clorobiocin, the small ORF cloY encodes a 71 aa protein which shows significant sequence similarity to mbtH from the mycobactin biosynthetic gene cluster of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. mbtH-like genes are frequently found in the biosynthetic gene clusters of peptide antibiotics and siderophores, but their function has remained enigmatic. In a recent publication it has been suggested that these genes may have no function for secondary metabolite biosynthesis. An in-frame deletion of cloY in the clorobiocin cluster has now been carried out. When the modified cluster was expressed in the heterologous host Streptomyces coelicolor M512, clorobiocin was still formed. However, when the two further mbtH-like genes from elsewhere in the host genome were inactivated as well, clorobiocin formation was reduced dramatically. Complementation with cloY or with any of three other mbtH-like genes restored clorobiocin formation. This is the first report proving the requirement of an mbtH-like gene for secondary metabolite formation, and the first proof that different mbtH-like genes can functionally replace each other. Feeding of an mbtH-defective triple mutant strain with an intact 3-amino-4,7-dihydroxy-coumarin moiety restored antibiotic production, showing that cloY is specifically required for the formation of this moiety of the clorobiocin molecule.
Wood Enhancement Treatments I. Impregnation of Southern Yellow Pine with Melamine-Formaldehyde and Melamine-Ammeline-Formaldehyde Resins (1994)

Abstract Southern yellow pine (SYP) was impregnated with melamine-formaldehyde (MF) or melamine-ammeline-formaldehyde (MAF) resins. The dimensional stability, strength properties, weathering, fire resistance and chemical resistance of the impregnated wood were examined. The wood treated with two commercial MF resins or with a synthesized MAF resin exhibited greatly enhanced dimensional stability, fire resistance and resistance to weathering. The chemical resistance increased moderately. Notes American Society for Testing and Materials, 1986, Standard Methods for Heat and Visible Smoke Release Rate for Materials and Products, Annual Book of Standard, ASTM E906–86, Philadephia, PA. American Society for Testing and Materials, 1992, Standard Methods for Specific Optical Density of Smoke, Annual Book of Standard, ASTM E662–92, Philadephia, Pa. American Society for Testing and Matyerial, 1990, Standard Methods for Surface Flammability of Materials Using a Radiant Heat Energy source, Annual Book of Standard, ASTM E162–90, Philadephia, Pa. American Society for Testing and Materials, 1970, Standard Recommended Practice for Operation Light- and Water-Exposure Apparatus (Xenon-Arc Type) for Exposure of Nonmetallic Materials, Annual Book of Standard, ASTM G26–70, Philadephia, Pa; MIL STD 810 E, Procedure II. Enviromental Test Methods and Engineering Guidelines, 14 July 1989.
Doha Round of the World Trade Organization: Appraising Further Liberalization of Agricultural Markets, The (2002)

Using the Food and Agricultural Policy Research Institute (FAPRI) modeling system, we investigate the multilateral removal of border taxes and farm programs and their distortion of world agricultural markets. We find that agricultural and trade distortions have significant terms-of-trade effects. Terms-of-trade effects caused by trade barriers are much larger than those caused by domestic farm programs. World trade is also significantly impacted. Trade expansion is substantial for most commodities, especially dairy, meats, and vegetable oils. Net agricultural and food exporters, such as Brazil, Australia, and Argentina, emerge with expanded exports, whereas net importing countries with limited distortions before liberalization are penalized by higher world markets prices and reduced imports. The United States gains significant export shares in livestock products and imports more dairy products. Without protection and domestic subsidies, the European Union loses many of its livestock and dairy export markets. The increase in world market prices would offset at least a portion of the subsidies foregone by U.S. producers.
Action potential and non‐linear current‐voltage relation in starfish oocytes. (1975)

1. The electrical properties of the oocyte membrane of the starfish, Asterina pectinifera, were investigated using an intracellular microelectrode. 2. The resting potential in artificial sea-water ranged from -70 to -80 mV. 3. The starfish oocyte membrane was capable of generating an action potential as a result of permeability increases to both Ca and Na ions.4. The Ca component of the action potential was reversibly suppressed by Co or Mg ions, while the Na component was not affected by tetrodotoxin 5 times 10-minus 6 g/ml. 5. The steady-state relation of voltage vs. current was not linear but S-shaped. The curve wascomposed of inward-going rectification at the membrane potential more negative than -65 mV, outward-going rectification at the potential more positive than OmV and the transitional region between them. These findings are compared with those obtained in the mature egg of the tunicate.
Characterization of AuPd Nanoparticles by Probe‐Corrected Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy and X‐ray Absorption Spectroscopy (2011)

Abstract A heterogeneous catalyst consisting of AuPd nanoparticles dispersed on titanium oxide was synthesized by a colloidal route. The diameters of these nanoparticles range from 1 to 5 nm, as determined from scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) images recorded with a high‐angle annular dark field detector ( Z ‐contrast method). Bright field images obtained on an aberration‐corrected STEM show the structure of the oxide support and the metal particles with high resolution. This microscope allows to record secondary electron images that provide supplementary information about the morphology of the support crystals and the localization of the particles on them. The combination of the images with the spectroscopic investigation of selected points and areas is of particular importance. Herein, efficiently collected energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectra give evidence for the formation of an AuPd alloy in the nanoparticles. This result is confirmed by the results of X‐ray absorption spectroscopy (EXAFS) studies.
Left Ventricular Pressure Ratio Predicts In-Hospital Outcomes in Hospitalized Heart Failure With Reduced Ejection Fraction (2021)

Given the risk of hemodynamic compromise in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction patients undergoing left heart catheterization, there is a need for a simple parameter that can predict clinical outcomes. We hypothesize that left ventricular pressure ratio, calculated as left ventricle systolic/left ventricle end-diastolic pressure, is a strong predictor of hemodynamic collapse in these patients.
Severe type II Gaucher disease with ichthyosis, arthrogryposis and neuronal apoptosis: Molecular and pathological analyses (2000)

Severe infantile Gaucher disease associated with ichthyosis and neonatal death is a rare subgroup of Type II Gaucher disease. This group of infants has little, if any, detectable beta-glucocerebrosidase activity, and prior genetic analyses have been limited in detecting the mutations responsible for this phenotype. We document an Hispanic infant succumbing with arthrogryposis and collodion membrane covering the skin who had no detectable beta-glucocerebrosidase activity in tissue samples and who was homozygous for a rare recombinant allele, RecNciI. Microscopic evaluation demonstrated accumulation of Gaucher cells in visceral organs and extensive loss of neurons in the anterior horns, brainstem, and cortex of the nervous system. The apoptosis of neuronal cells from the anterior horns and brainstem are a reasonable explanation for the arthrogryposis and neonatal death, respectively.
Preliminary Pulsing Experiments to Measure Delayed Neutron Emission Parameters (1998)

Recent interest in delayed neutron parameters including comparisons between macroscopic (experimental) and microscopic (calculated) results have prompted a set of experiments using the 1MW Triga Reactor at the Texas A and M University (TAMU) Nuclear Science Center (NSC) designed to measure the complete set of seven-group delayed neutron parameters for several higher actinides. Operating the Nuclear Science Center Reactor (NSCR) in a pulsed mode, a complete set of delayed neutron parameters were measured for Np-237 and Am-243. The total delayed neutron yield per 100 fissions for Np-237 and Am-243 was found to be 1.14 {+-} 0.07 and 0.85 {+-} 0.05, respectively. Comparisons to previous measurements are made where such measurements are available.
Diskretni plinski kavitacijski model z upoštevanjem vpliva nestalnega kapljevinskega trenja v cevi (2015)

Transient, vaporous, cavitating pipe flow occurs when the pressure drops to the liquid's vapour pressure. A brief description of the method of the characteristics and fundamentals of unsteady pipe-flow friction and transient, cavitating pipe flow are given. The main objective of this paper is to present a novel, discrete gas-cavity model (DGCM) with a consideration of unsteady frictional effects. The numerical results are compared with the results from laboratory measurements. The inclusion of unsteady friction into the DGCM significantly improves the numerical results.
Performance Analysis of Frequency Domain Precoding Time-Reversal MISO OFDM Systems (2019)

Time reversal (TR) recently emerged as an interesting communication technology capable of providing a good spatio-temporal signal focusing effect. New generations of large-bandwidth devices with reduced cost leverage the use of TR wideband communication systems. TR can easily be integrated into an orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) system by precoding the signal in the frequency domain. In this letter, we first extend the frequency-domain TR precoding to rate back-off factors (BOFs) different than one. We secondly derive a closed-form mean-square-error (MSE) expression of the received equalized symbols as a function of the BOFs and the number of antennas. The derived MSE formula is validated numerically with Rayleigh fading channels.
Advances in Optical Imaging of Biomedical Mediaa (1997)

In this article, we have presented an overview of fundamental issues involved in mediphotonic imaging, and reviewed some of the emerging techniques for early-light transillumination imaging of body organs. The results on human breast tissues presented here, together with the data accumulated and advances made by researchers around the globe, not only demonstrate the feasibility of optical imaging as a clinical procedure but indicate a road map to reach that goal. The milestones include evaluation of relative merits of available approaches for a particular imaging application; selection of diagnostic wavelengths, as well as sources to generate and detectors to monitor light at those wavelengths; accumulation of data on optical, spectroscopic, and transport properties of tissues and organs; in vivo testing; prototype instrumentation development; clinical trials; governmental approval; cost analysis and marketing; and finally system improvement based on feedback from end users. A new era of optical clinical imaging is at the door.