gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Isolation, characterization, and rearrangement of cis- and trans-N-acetyl-2-amino-5,6-dimethoxy-5-methylcyclohexa-1,3-diene. Models for the proposed precursors of meta-substitution products from carcinogenic aromatic amines (1984)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTIsolation, characterization, and rearrangement of cis- and trans-N-acetyl-2-amino-5,6-dimethoxy-5-methylcyclohexa-1,3-diene. Models for the proposed precursors of meta-substitution products from carcinogenic aromatic aminesPaul G. Gassman and John E. GranrudCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1984, 106, 8, 2448–2449Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1984Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1984https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00320a045https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00320a045research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views229Altmetric-Citations22LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A 3D simplified model of the synchronous machine for external field computation (2008)

A 3D model, able to calculate the synchronous machine external magnetic field is proposed. It is based on the combination of an analytical approach representing the basic phenomena of energy conversion and a numerical simulation able to compute the external field considering also the influence of eddy currents in the housing. This hybrid model is based on a cylindrical geometry; it can provide helpful data for the interpretation of field measurements made outside the machine for predictive non-intrusive maintenance operations.
Direct XPS Evidence for Charge Transfer from a Reduced Rutile TiO2(110) Surface to Au Clusters (2007)

The electronic structures of Au clusters deposited on the stoichiometric and reduced rutile TiO2(110) surfaces were investigated by means of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. With the increasing Au thickness, the Au 4f binding energy shifts monotonically toward lower binding energy on the stoichiometric surface, essentially demonstrating a particle size effect. On the reduced surface, the Au 4f binding energy exhibits a monotonically downward shift with the increasing Au thickness below 1.5 Å, then unexpectedly shifts to higher binding energy when the Au thickness increases from 1.5 Å to 2 Å. The Au 4f binding energy shift observed on the reduced surface can be reasonably explained by a collective contribution from the particle size effect and the charge transfer from the reduced surface to Au clusters. Our results experimentally present direct XPS evidence for the charge transfer from the reduced TiO2(110) surface to Au clusters.
An Outer Membrane Enzyme Encoded by Salmonella typhimurium lpxR That Removes the 3′-Acyloxyacyl Moiety of Lipid A (2006)

The Salmonella and related bacteria modify the structure of the lipid A portion of their lipopolysaccharide in response to environmental stimuli. Some lipid A modifications are required for virulence and resistance to cationic antimicrobial peptides. We now demonstrate that membranes of Salmonella typhimurium contain a novel hydrolase that removes the 3'-acyloxyacyl residue of lipid A in the presence of 5 mM Ca2+. We have identified the gene encoding the S. typhimurium lipid A 3'-O-deacylase, designated lpxR, by screening an ordered S. typhimurium genomic DNA library, harbored in Escherichia coli K-12, for expression of Ca2+-dependent 3'-O-deacylase activity in membranes. LpxR is synthesized with an N-terminal type I signal peptide and is localized to the outer membrane. Mass spectrometry was used to confirm the position of lipid A deacylation in vitro and the release of the intact 3'-acyloxyacyl group. Heterologous expression of lpxR in the E. coli K-12 W3110, which lacks lpxR, resulted in production of significant amounts of 3'-O-deacylated lipid A in growing cultures. Orthologues of LpxR are present in the genomes of E. coli O157:H7, Yersinia enterocolitica, Helicobacter pylori, and Vibrio cholerae. The function of LpxR is unknown, but it could play a role in pathogenesis because it might modulate the cytokine response of an infected animal.
Optimization of electron beam induced deposition process for the fabrication of diode-like Pt/SiO2/W devices (2013)

Pt/SiO2/W devices of controlled size, thickness, and interfaces were fabricated by electron beam induced deposition (EBID) in a focused ion beam (FIB) system, for possible applications as metal-insulator-metal diodes. A systematic study of the deposition parameters used for the fabrication of the devices was carried out by scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). In particular, the morphological and structural quality of the deposited layers, their mutual interfaces, and the thickness of the insulating layer were accurately investigated, being key issues for the application of these multilayer structures as tunneling diodes; to this aim, a novel TEM sample preparation approach was developed, which allows the in situ FIB preparation of ready-to-be-observed multilayer structures; by using this approach, TEM samples can be directly made, by depositing the structures in the same conditions used for the device fabrication, in the correct geometry for the cross sectional investigations and, without any further preparation steps. The capability of the EBID technique to fabricate submicrometer electronic devices with promising electrical properties, such as asymmetry and nonlinearity, was demonstrated.
Nitride-based LEDs with nano-scale textured sidewalls using natural lithography (2006)

This investigation describes the development of a InGaN/GaN light-emitting diode (LED) with textured sidewalls using natural lithography with polystyrene spheres (PSs) as the etching mask and dry etching the epitaxial layers of LEDs to achieve nano-scale textured sidewalls. The LED with textured sidewalls increased the output power of the InGaN?GaN multiple quantum well (MQW) LEDs by a factor of 1.3, indicating that the LED with nano-scale textured sidewalls had larger light extraction efficiency. The wall-plug efficiency of nitride-based LEDs was increased by 30% using textured sidewalls.
CO2 gas induced drug release from pH-sensitive liposome to circumvent doxorubicin resistant cells (2012)

A novel pH-sensitive liposome encapsulating doxorubicin was prepared by a NH(4)HCO(3) gradient method. The liposomes were able to release the drug at pH 5.0 by the production of CO(2) gas. More importantly, the drug-loaded liposome effectively circumvented the breast cancer cells resistant to doxorubicin.
In-Mouth Measurement of pH and Conductivity during Eating (1998)

A dental brace containing two sensors was constructed to allow the in-mouth monitoring of conductivity and pH during eating. The salt release from peanuts, salt and vinegar crisps, cheese, and mashed potato was measured during eating. There was a lag of 22 s after placing the crisps in the mouth before there was a significant increase in conductivity. This highlighted the problems of measuring salt release from dry foodstuffs. The conductivity electrodes were not ion specific, and consequently, when testing processed cheese, the high ion content (salt cations and anions) contributed to the signal, producing a complex release curve. The acid release from a blackcurrant gelatine gel and an orange was successfully measured. The average minimum pH reached was 3.8 with the gel, and 4.5 with the orange. It was found that the buffering capacity of saliva affected the pH of successive replicates. Keywords: Nonvolatile, in-mouth; pH; conductivity; salt
Quasi 2D Colloidal CdSe Platelets with Thicknesses Controlled at the Atomic Level (2008)

Well documented procedures to grow zero-dimensional systems, dots, and one-dimensional systems, wires and tubes, as colloidal particles in solution have been reported. In contrast, there are no methods of preparation that yield optically active two-dimensional soluble particles. Yet, ultrathin films (quantum wells) of II−VI and III−V semiconductors epitaxially grown on substrates by molecular beam epitaxy for example have proven extremely useful for both fundamental studies and a wealth of applications in optoelectronics. We show that II−VI cadmium selenide platelets, with thicknesses tuned at the atomic level, can be synthesized in solution. We describe the method for the preparation of these new colloidal nanocrystals and characterize them structurally and optically. We identified three platelets populations with emission maximums at 462, 513, and 550 nm with corresponding thicknesses estimated at 1.9, 2.2, and 2.5 nm, respectively. Despite the fact that the platelet aspect ratio within a population can range from 4 to several hundreds, the emission spectra full width half-maximum of each population is <10 nm at room temperature with quantum yields that can reach 30%. The platelets we have synthesized are an extension of the quantum wells epitaxially grown on substrates, with the advantages that they can be easily synthesized in solution at low cost and used as building blocks for more advanced structures and have a uniform thickness that can be tuned within one CdSe monolayer and finite lateral dimensions ranging from 10 nm to a few 100 nm.
Using sliding mode controller techniques to design PWM DC-DC (2005)

PID controllers have been used in industry for quite a while since they are easy to implement Their ease of implementation is due to the many algorithms that have been designed to work with lower order approximations of more complex systems. However, one disadvantage is the PID controller's inability to compensate for a nonlinearity. Since many converters are higher order systems, the design for the sliding mode controller (SMC) requires complicated mathematics and results in a higher number of tuning parameters. However, use of a step response to approximate a second order model of the system reduced the number of tuning parameters. Finding simple algorithms to set the tuning parameters makes the SMC as easy to implement as the PID controller and still provide good performance in the presence of nonlinearities and modeling errors. Through the use of algorithms previously established for thermodynamic systems and a paper proposing a design for a second order system, a proposed design for the SMC based on a second order approximate model was derived. This design was used and the results compared to the results of a design of a PID controller based on the second order approximated system.
RAPIDCharts (2014)

Visualization of the raw data into meaningful information is necessary for the proper understanding of the concepts at hand. Many real life scenarios require visualization of data as a statistical chart. Creation of such charts with dynamic data brings in challenges like impact at different levels in the code, redundancy of the code and restarts of servers every time a new build is released. In this paper, we have studied the issues with the conventional way of development and proposed a framework for charts by giving specifications in a separate eXtensible Markup Language (XML) file called Single File Specification System (SFS) and automating the process of creation of the charts and tables. We present RAPIDCharts, a framework that will reduce the impact of change or addition of new charts, redundancy of code and server restarts using an external file where the specifications are mentioned.
Critical micellization phenomena in block polyelectrolyte solutions (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCritical micellization phenomena in block polyelectrolyte solutionsIrina Astafieva, Xing Fu Zhong, and Adi EisenbergCite this: Macromolecules 1993, 26, 26, 7339–7352Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00078a034https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00078a034research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2591Altmetric-Citations540LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Treatment of pancreatic cancer—neoadjuvant treatment in borderline resectable/locally advanced pancreatic cancer (2019)

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is currently ranked fourth place of cancer related mortality. Only a minority of 10-20% of patients with PDAC have a primarily resectable disease, while 50-60% of the patients are diagnosed with irresectable disease. A certain group of patients is defined as "borderline resectable", which is mainly relied to contact of the tumor to major abdominal vessels. For preoperative evaluation of resectability CT and MRI is commonly used. Although CT-scanning, which is the standard preoperative imaging modality, has striking limitations concerning evaluation of lymph node status as well as vessel involvement and approximately 20% of the patients are staged incorrectly. A central part of modern therapy of locally advanced or not primarily resectable PDAC is neoadjuvant therapy. Especially neoadjuvant chemotherapy according to the FOLFIRINOX protocol resulted in high resection rates of initially not resectable patients. Furthermore, treatment with FOLFIRINOX was shown to be an independent predictor of improved prognosis and resection after neoadjuvant treatment with FOLFIRINOX was associated with improved survival. Neoadjuvant treatment was able to increases the rates of R0 resection, which depicts an independent prognostic factor and FOLFIRINOX outmatched other treatment regimes (e.g., gemcitabine-based radio-chemotherapy) concerning achievement of a R0 resection. While most evidence of neoadjuvant treatment of PDAC is conferred by retrospective analysis, there is growing data from randomized controlled trials, confirming the beneficial effects of neoadjuvant therapy on the prognosis of PDAC. Thus, patients with borderline resectable and locally advanced PDAC should be evaluated for neoadjuvant treatment. If there is no progression of the disease during neoadjuvant treatment exploration with the goal of R0 resection should be performed. If possible, patients should be included in well-designed randomized controlled trials at specialized pancreatic centers.
Motion Management in Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy (2013)

With the technologic advancements in image guidance and dose delivery, stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) is being widely used for cancer treatment in various anatomical locations as a noninvasive alternative to surgery. To deliver ablative doses to tumors with limited normal tissue toxicity, SBRT requires high accuracy in treatment setup which requires taking tumor motion into account. Techniques are also applied in SBRT to minimize tumor motion during dose delivery. This paper reviews techniques for motion management in SBRT.
A Compact Probabilistic Representation of the Chi-Chi Earthquake Ground Movement (2003)

This paper uses a previously developed procedure to condense nonstationary random excitation data to perform analytical random vibration response studies to investigate the 1999 Chi-Chi (Taiwan) earthquake recorded ground motions. An ensemble of free-field ground motion records from the main earthquake event collected from locations near the Chelungpu fault were used in order to create the second, order statistics of the earthquake excitation. Using the compaction procedure, the covariance matrix of the excitation process was spectrally decomposed by the Karhunin-Loeve expansion. The dominant eigenvectors, that is, those with the larges eigenvalues, represent the dominant energy time histories in the random process and can be used to characterize the dominant features of the earthquake process. Second-order descriptions of the transient dynamic response of discrete systems to the compact form of the earthquake process are obtained. This type of result can used in order to facilitate improved design standards for civil structure and to perform reliability studies. A comparison is made of the preliminary results of this study and those obtained from a similar analysis performed on an ensemble of ground motions from the 1994 Northridge earthquake.
Interaction of Electromagnetic Radiation with Bulk Matter. (1976)

Abstract : This report presents summaries of investigations carried out under the above grant, chiefly in the following areas: radiation from classical charge-current distributions, multipole expansions, electrodynamics in spatially dispersive media, Cerenkov and transition radiation, quantum scattering and resonance theory, radiative energy transfer in free electromagnetic fields, spectral coherence. (Author)
Prediction matching for video coding (2009)

Modern video coding schemes such as H.264/AVC employ multi-hypothesis motion compensation for an improved coding efficiency. However, an additional cost has to be paid for the improved prediction performance in these schemes. Based on the observed high correlation among the multiple hypothesis in H.264/AVC, in this paper, we propose a new method (Prediction Matching) to jointly combine explicit and implicit prediction approaches. The first motion hypothesis on a predicted block is explicitly coded, while the eventual additional hypotheses are implicitly derived at the decoder based on the first one and the available data from previously decoded frames. Thus, the overhead to indicate motion information is reduced, while prediction accuracy may be better with respect to fully implicit multi-hypothesis prediction. Proof-of-concept simulation results show that up to 7.06% bitrate saving with respect to state-of-the-art H.264/AVC can be achieved using our Prediction Matching.
Endogenous inhibitor for calcium-dependent cysteine protease contains four internal repeats that could be responsible for its multiple reactive sites. (1987)

A cDNA encoding an endogenous inhibitor, termed calpastatin, for calcium-dependent cysteine protease (calpain, EC 3.4.22.17) was cloned by screening rabbit cDNA libraries with a synthetic oligodeoxynucleotide probe based on the partial amino acid sequence of the purified protein. The deduced amino acid sequence contains 718 amino acid residues (Mr, 76,964), and the mature protein corresponds to the deduced sequence from the 80th residue of the primary translation product (resultant Mr, 68,113). This deduced molecular weight is significantly lower than that determined by NaDodSO4/polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, suggesting the possibility that the inhibitor is post-translationally modified. The sequence of the mature inhibitor contains four consecutive internal repeats approximately 140 amino acid residues long, each of which might be responsible for the inhibitory activity. Calpastatin is apparently different from a typical cysteine protease inhibitor (cystatin), suggesting that the mechanism of inhibition of calcium-dependent cysteine protease by the inhibitor might be different from that of other cysteine proteases by cystatin.
Comparative costs of flue gas desulfurization. Advantages of pressure hydrated lime injection (1986)

Costs of pressure-hydrated lime injection (PHLI) for the control of SO/sub 2/ emissions were developed and compared to lime spray dryer absorbers (SDA) operating under identical design conditions. In the PHLI process, dry sorbent is injected into the upper furnace region and the sulfated particulate collected in a downstream baghouse or electrostatic precipitator. In SDA processes, increasingly used for low sulfur coals, flue gas SO/sub 2/ contacts lime slurries in large reactor vessels with subsequent collection of the dried particulate in a downstream baghouse. Therefore PHLI can have decisive economic advantage over SDA due to the elimination of complex absorption vessels and water chemistry, and reactor pressure drop with overall reductions in labor and water consumption. The evaluations demonstrated PHLI cost-effectiveness over lime SDA over the entire range of operating conditions investigated. Under the worst conditions for PHLI, i.e., operating at the larger new plant, firing a 1% sulfur coal with a 25% sorbent utilization, PHLI affords a 25% savings in levelized revenue over SDA; for the analogous retrofit conditions, PHLI produces a 35% savings. When sorbent utilization rises to 75%, PHLI savings increase to about 65% of SDA costs for both new and retrofit designs. In absolute terms, capitalmore » costs for retrofit PHLI are low, ranging closely about $55 per kW at the 50% sorbent utilization rate; for the new plant, capital costs are more sensitive to sulfur content, ranging from $33 to $62, at a 50% utilization rate. 20 refs., 9 figs., 5 tabs.« less
Effects of Reserpine and Guanethidine on Venous Reflexes (1962)

The effects of reserpine and guanethidine on reflex venoconstriction were studied in a group of open-chest anesthetized dogs by the major vessel occlusion technique described by Bartelstone. Guanethidine (10 mg./Kg. intravenously) blocked reflex venous constriction following carotid occlusion and central vagal stimulation within, five minutes after injection in five dogs. Reserpine (0.5 mg./Kg. intravenously) required 50 to 110 minutes to abolish these venopressor reflexes in five animals. Pretreatment with either reserpine (0.5 mg./Kg. intraperitoneally on two consecutive days in four dogs) or guanethidine (10 mg./Kg. intravenously on two days in four dogs) also abolished reflex venoconstriction. These results indicate that reserpine and guanethidine are capable of blocking reflex venoconstriction, and it is suggested that this action may contribute to their effects in the treatment of hypertension.