gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Multi-walled Carbon Nanotubes/Ionic Liquid Nanocomposite Modified Carbon-ceramic Electrode: Electrochemistry and Measurement of Tryptophan in the Presence of Uric Acid (2017)

In the present work, an efficient modified carbon-ceramic electrode by multi-walled carbon nanotubes/ionic liquid nanocomposite (MWCNTs/IL/CCE) was prepared through a simple and repeatable procedure. The introduced modified electrode was used for the study of the electrochemical behaviour and determination of tryptophan (Trp) in the presence of uric acid (UA) using cyclic voltammetry (CV), differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) and amperometry techniques. The MWCNTs/IL/CCE exhibited high electrocatalytic activity toward the oxidation of Trp in phosphate buffer solution (pH 7.0) which led to produce an anodic peak at about 0.67 V vs. saturated calomel electrode. The influential parameters such as pH, amount and ratio of MWCNTs/IL in the nanocomposite modifier on the electrocatalytic activity of the MWCNTs/IL/CCE were studied and optimized. Under the optimum conditions, the anodic peak current in DPV method is linear for the Trp concentrations in the ranges of 5×10-7 M to 7×10-5 M with a correlation coefficient of 0.998 and detection limit of 3.2×10-7 M (S/N=3). The relative standard deviation of the anodic peak current obtained for a 5.0×10-5 M Trp solution was 2.2% (n=6). Finally, DPV method was applied for simultaneous determination of Trp and UA, which demonstrates the applicability of the present modified electrode.
The governing factors in heterogeneous matrix monequilibrium copolyesterification (1991)

Abstract A systematic study has been carried out on the kinetic and structural matrix effects in acceptor‐catalytic polyesterification conducted in the presence of fillers. The filler exerts a different influence on the reactivity of aromatic and aliphatic hydroxylated compounds, which is reflected in the microstructure of the synthesized copolyesters. Filler introduction at the stage of polymer synthesis is established to raise its molecular mass characteristics and to improve the antifrication properties of filled systems.
Control of root size and root environment of fruit trees for optimal fruit production (1992)

Abstract Recent development in technologies of irrigation and fertilization enable us to control root size and environment under field conditions. Low volume irrigation and fertilization affects root size and rate of rootlets production and consequently vegetative and reproductive processes of whole plants. The mechanisms involved seem to include growth regulators production at the root apexes and their translocation to the shoots. Field experiments in a few species of deciduous trees and citrus, showed that root systems are very flexible and can adjust to low volume irrigation irrespective of age or size of the trees or stage of development. Root restriction under field conditions was found to cause precocity, increase productivity and reduce the size of the trees. A greater number of trees per unit land can be grown without reducing light penetration which is the most important factor affecting physiological processes controlling fruit bud differentiation, such as assimilate translocation, photosyntheti...
Persistent Elevated Jugular Venous Pressure and Pleural Effusion Following Myoardial Infarction (2005)

Case report: A fourtynine-year-old man without clinical symptoms nor relevant illnesses prior to the hospitalisation was admitted due to a large anteroseptal and apical infarct and presented with biventricular dysfunction. During followup ejection fraction of the patient with one vessel disease rose from 31 to 45% within four weeks following percutaneous revascularisation of an occluded middle left anterior descending artery (LAD) by use of a stent[...]
Schätzung der Einspritzzeitpunkte und -dauern eines Dieselmotors mithilfe der Keramikglühkerze (2014)

Zusammenfassung Das moderne Common-Rail-System, das eine gezielte Direkteinspritzung des Brennstoffes ermöglicht, fand zum ersten Mal im Jahre 1997 in einem Serienfahrzeug Einsatz. Seitdem setzen immer mehr Automobilhersteller (heutzutage mehr als 90%) auf dieses System. Im Gegensatz zu alten Einspritzsystemen können sie die unter hohem Druck stehenden Brennstoffe über eine im Motorsteuergerät integrierte Steuerung, welche die Einspritzzeitpunkte und -dauern für eine bessere Kraftstoffdosierung über Kennfelder zur Verfügung stellt, zuverlässiger und gezielter in den Brennraum einbringen. Die Systemkalibrierung und die Applikation der Steuerungskennfelder finden im Vorfeld statt. Dabei entstehen verschiedene Ungenauigkeiten bei der Kraftstoffdosierung, die es zu vermeiden gilt. Beispielsweise wird das den Kraftstoff dosierende Magnetventil während des Motorbetriebes unzureichend oder überhaupt nicht überwacht. In diesem Beitrag wird die Keramikglühkerze als Sensor vorgestellt. Ohne zusätzliche Hardware kann sie Informationen über die Einspritzzeitpunkte und -dauern in Echtzeit liefern, welche wiederum Rückschlüsse über die während des Einspritzvorgangs im Brennraum entstehenden Phänomene ermöglichen.
Detection and characterization of point mutations by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (1986)

Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2DE) is a valuable tool for the detection of point mutations expressed as charge-shift variants in protein patterns. The ability to do subsequent 2DE mapping of peptides from the variant protein compared to the ''wild-type'' protein allows identification of peptide fragments that contain the actual amino acid substitution. The appropriate peptides can then be extracted from gels and used for amino acid sequencing. The nature of the DNA alteration that gave rise to the mutant protein may be obvious from the amino acid difference between the variant and normal protein, or the amino acid sequence could be used to syntheisze gene probes to be used in DNA sequencing. The system of 2DE can thus be used to both detect a mutation and provide information on the structural changes that give rise to altered protein patterns. 8 refs., 2 figs., 1 tab.
Combining Evolutionary and Adaptive Control Strategies for Quadruped Robotic Locomotion (2019)

In traditional robotics, model-based controllers are usually needed in order to bring a robotic plant to the next desired state, but they present critical issues when the dimensionality of the control problem increases and disturbances from the external environment affect the system behavior, in particular during locomotion tasks. It is generally accepted that the motion control of quadruped animals is performed by neural circuits located in the spinal cord that act as a Central Pattern Generator and can generate appropriate locomotion patterns. This is thought to be the result of evolutionary processes that have optimized this network. On top of this, fine motor control is learned during the lifetime of the animal thanks to the plastic connections of the cerebellum that provide descending corrective inputs. This research aims at understanding and identifying the possible advantages of using learning during an evolution-inspired optimization for finding the best locomotion patterns in a robotic locomotion task. Accordingly, we propose a comparative study between two bio-inspired control architectures for quadruped legged robots where learning takes place either during the evolutionary search or only after that. The evolutionary process is carried out in a simulated environment, on a quadruped legged robot. To verify the possibility of overcoming the reality gap, the performance of both systems has been analyzed by changing the robot dynamics and its interaction with the external environment. Results show better performance metrics for the robotic agent whose locomotion method has been discovered by applying the adaptive module during the evolutionary exploration for the locomotion trajectories. Even when the motion dynamics and the interaction with the environment is altered, the locomotion patterns found on the learning robotic system are more stable, both in the joint and in the task space.
Recovering Dantzig-Wolfe Bounds by Cutting Planes (2023)

Dantzig-Wolfe (DW) decomposition is a well-known technique in mixed-integer programming (MIP) for decomposing and convexifying constraints to obtain potentially strong dual bounds. We investigate cutting planes that can be derived using the DW decomposition algorithm and show that these cuts can provide the same dual bounds as DW decomposition. More precisely, we generate one cut for each DW block, and when combined with the constraints in the original formulation, these cuts imply the objective function cut one can simply write using the DW bound. This approach typically leads to a formulation with lower dual degeneracy that consequently has a better computational performance when solved by standard MIP solvers in the original space. We also discuss how to strengthen these cuts to improve the computational performance further. We test our approach on the Multiple Knapsack Assignment Problem and the Temporal Knapsack Problem, and show that the proposed cuts are helpful in accelerating the solution time without the need to implement branch and price.
An Examination of Algorithms for the Detection of Critical Points on Digital Cartographic Lines (1995)

The detection of critical points is an important issue in many disciplines such as computer vision, image processing, pattern recognition, computer graphics and cartography/GIS. Numerous algorithms have been developed since the late 1960s. These algorithms can be classified into three major groups, i.e. corner detection, polygonal approximation, and a hybrid technique which is a combination for the first two. This paper aims to provide a review, and to examine the advantages and disadvantages, of these various algorithms in all of these three categories.
Experimental study on performance of two low-pressure and mass-flow self-excited pulsed jet nozzles (2014)

The purpose of this paper is to compare the spurting characteristic of the self-excited inspiration pulsed jet nozzle (SEIPJN) which was proposed by the author with self-excited pulsed jet nozzle (SEPJN) under submerged conditions. Based on a detailed experimental measurement for the impact pressure of two nozzles under different working pressure and confining pressure, the erosion mechanism of low-pressure and mass-flow self-excited pulsed jet is analyzed in detail. Comparing with SEPJN, the SEIPJN has higher impact pressure and larger combat range under the same condition. Making a contrastive experiment of the impingement on paraffin samples with two types of nozzles, the results show that the SEIPJN has larger erosion volume and erosion area. The author theoretically analyzes the reasons for this result to prove that the SEIPJN is superior in the spurting characteristic.
Decoding Mammalian Ribosome-mRNA States by Translational GTPase Complexes (2016)

In eukaryotes, accurate protein synthesis relies on a family of translational GTPases that pair with specific decoding factors to decipher the mRNA code on ribosomes. We present structures of the mammalian ribosome engaged with decoding factor⋅GTPase complexes representing intermediates of translation elongation (aminoacyl-tRNA⋅eEF1A), termination (eRF1⋅eRF3), and ribosome rescue (Pelota⋅Hbs1l). Comparative analyses reveal that each decoding factor exploits the plasticity of the ribosomal decoding center to differentially remodel ribosomal proteins and rRNA. This leads to varying degrees of large-scale ribosome movements and implies distinct mechanisms for communicating information from the decoding center to each GTPase. Additional structural snapshots of the translation termination pathway reveal the conformational changes that choreograph the accommodation of decoding factors into the peptidyl transferase center. Our results provide a structural framework for how different states of the mammalian ribosome are selectively recognized by the appropriate decoding factor⋅GTPase complex to ensure translational fidelity.
`Something from nothing' (2002)

Growth in the number and size of community corrections programmes in Australia has occurred despite concerns about the value of those programmes. In this article, we examine the debate that took place among researchers and practitioners about the credibility of community corrections following Martinson's apparent assertion in 1974 that `nothing works' and investigate what little is known about the confidence that various groups in Australia are prepared to place in such programmes.
Asthma Guidelines: An Assessment of Physician Understanding and Practice (1999)

In 1997 the NHLBI updated guidelines for the diagnosis and management of asthma. We hypothesized that not all components of the updated guidelines are well understood by the physicians who care for asthmatics. To develop appropriate educational interventions that address areas of physician misunderstanding, it is important to identify these components. Based upon NHLBI guidelines, we developed a multiple-choice test of asthma knowledge that was distributed to physicians at the University of Iowa; 108 physicians completed the test, including 20 asthma specialists, 11 asthma specialty fellows, 11 General Medicine faculty, five Family Medicine faculty, 51 Internal Medicine residents, and five Family Medicine residents. The mean correct total score for all physicians was 60 +/- 2% (mean +/- SEM). Asthma specialists scored higher in total score and in pharmacology and prevention. However, no group performed well on estimating disease severity. We further identified deficits in the use of spirometry and anti-inflammatory agents in caring for asthmatic patients. Thus, deficits exist in physician understanding and implementation of the NHLBI guidelines for the diagnosis and management of asthma. By identifying specific areas of misunderstanding, we can design better educational interventions. Clearly, educational programs should emphasize new models for estimating chronic disease severity.
BCAT1 inhibition affects CD8 + T cell activation, exhaustion, and tumoral immunity by altering iron homeostasis (2023)

ABSTRACT The present study explores the role of the cytosolic branched chain amino acid aminotransferase (BCAT1) in CD8 + T cell activation, in general, and tumor immunity, in particular, and identifies a non-canonical function of the protein in iron homeostasis. Pharmacologic inhibition of BCAT1 using the novel drug ERG245 abrogates the effector functions of CD8 + T cells in vitro and metabolically reprograms the cells towards increased OXPHOS. In vivo, it suppresses activation of CD8 + T cells in DSS colitis leading to improved disease outcomes. Remarkably, withdrawal of BCAT1 inhibition further amplifies OXPHOS and gives rise to CD8 + T cells with increased cytotoxicity in vitro and in vivo. When combined with an anti-PD-1 treatment, temporal BCAT1 inhibition dramatically increases anti-PD-1 efficacy inducing complete and durable tumor regressions in the moderately immunogenic CT26 tumor model. Single cell RNA-seq data link expression of Bcat genes to exhausted T cells within the tumor microenvironment of human cancer patients, whereas in vitro assays indicate that BCAT1 inhibition partially prevents the adoption of a terminally exhausted phenotype by CD8 + T cells. We propose BCAT1 as a target for cancer combinatory therapies. SIGNIFICANCE The study explores for the first time the role of BCAT1 in CD8 + T cell activation and proposes novel strategies for using BCAT1 inhibitors in cancer and beyond. It demonstrates that BCAT1 exerts its function without significantly altering branched chain amino acid (BCAA) levels through a mechanism that controls iron homeostasis, a novel non-canonical mechanism of action, and implicates BCAT1 in the adoption of an exhausted phenotype by T cells found in human cancers. While the majority of metabolic drugs temper OXPHOS, it demonstrates that an agent that increases OXPHOS in CD8 + T cells can be used successfully as an immune-oncology drug.
Characteristics of 1.3 μm InAs/InGaAs/GaAs quantum dot electroabsorption modulator (2009)

We report the characteristics of 1.3 μm electroabsorption modulators (EAMs) utilizing the InAs/InGaAs/GaAs quantum dot (QD) structures. While extinction ratio of ∼10 dB was obtained, suppression of absorption at low reverse bias was observed. Theoretical analysis using a strained-modified, single-band, constant-potential three-dimensional model shows that this is due to the presence of In0.15Ga0.85As acting as potential barrier for the heavy hole. From the device point-of-view, this suggests that InAs/InGaAs/GaAs QD-EAMs are potentially feasible for higher optical power handling capability, which is crucial for high link gain in analog fiber links. We believe that the findings are beneficial to those working on QD-EAMs.
Towards the best approach for wind wave modelling in the Red Sea (2015)

While wind and wave modelling is nowadays quite satisfactory in the open oceans, problems are still present in the enclosed seas. In general, the smaller the basin, the poorer the models perform, especially if the basin is surrounded by a complex orography. The Red Sea is an extreme example in this respect, especially because of its long and narrow shape. This deceivingly simple domain offers very interesting challenges for wind and wave modeling, not easily, if ever, found elsewhere. Depending on the season, opposite wind regimes, one directed to southeast, the other one to northwest, are present and may coexist in the most northerly and southerly parts of the Red Sea. Where the two regimes meet, the wave spectra can be rather complicated and, crucially dependent on small details of the driving wind fields. We explored how well we could reproduce the general and unusual wind and wave patterns of the Red Sea using different meteorological products. Best results were obtained using two rather opposite approaches: the high-resolution Weather Research Forecasting (WRF) regional model and the slightly enhanced surface winds from the global European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) model. We discuss the reasons why these two approaches produce the best results and the implications on wave modeling in the Red Sea. The unusual wind and wave patterns in the Red Sea suggest that the currently available wave model source functions may not properly represent the evolution of local fields. However, within limits, the WAVEWATCH III wave model, based on Janssen's and also Ardhuin's wave model physics, provides in many cases very reasonable results. Because surface winds lead to important uncertainties in wave simulation, we also discuss the impact of data assimilation for simulating the most accurate winds, and consequently waves, over the Red Sea.
Nonlinear optical response in patterned planar waveguides (2004)

Summary form only given. Second and third harmonic signals generated in reflection and diffraction from the surface of photonic crystal (PC) waveguides are considered as a spectroscopic diagnostic tool in two leading material systems: GaAs and Silicon. Measurements of second harmonic generation (SHG) in reflection from GaAs-based 2D patterned planar waveguides reveal resonant interaction of the impinging radiation with the quasi-guided modes of the photonic structure. Spectral and angular dependence of these effects reflects the structure of the sample and may be used for an accurate energy and momentum positioning of the photonic bands. Preliminary results of third harmonic generation (THG) from Si-based 1D patterned planar waveguides in the visible spectral range are also presented, indicating harmonic generation as a possible route towards systematic characterization and description of photonic structures.
PLS‐ANN based classification model for oral submucous fibrosis and oral carcinogenesis (2003)

We conclude that the PLS-ANN classification algorithm based on autofluorescence spectroscopy at 330-nm excitation is useful for in vivo diagnosis of OSF as well as oral premalignant and malignant lesions.
A simple model for assessing climate control trade-offs and responding to unanticipated climate outcomes (2021)

Abstract Persistent greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions threaten global climate goals and have prompted consideration of climate controls supplementary to emissions mitigation. We present MARGO, an idealized model of optimally-controlled climate change, which is complementary to both simpler conceptual models and more complicated Integrated Assessment Models. The four methods of controlling climate damage—mitigation, carbon dioxide removal (CDR), adaptation, and solar radiation modification (SRM)—are not interchangeable, as they enter at different stages of the causal chain that connects GHG emissions to climate damages. Early and aggressive mitigation is necessary to stabilize GHG concentrations below a tolerable level. While the most cost-beneficial and cost-effective pathways to reducing climate suffering include deployments of all four controls, the quantitative trade-offs between the different controls are sensitive to value-driven parameters and poorly-known future costs and damages. Static policy optimization assumes perfect foresight and obscures the active role decision-makers have in shaping a climate trajectory. We propose an explicit policy response process wherein climate control policies are re-adjusted over time in response to unanticipated outcomes. We illustrate this process in two ‘storyline’ scenarios: (a) near-term increases in mitigation and CDR are deficient, such that climate goals are expected to slip out of reach; (b) SRM is abruptly terminated after 40 years of successful deployment, causing an extremely rapid warming which is amplified by an excess of GHGs due to deterred mitigation. In both cases, an optimized policy response yields substantial benefits relative to continuing the original policy. The MARGO model is intentionally designed to be as simple, transparent, customizable, and accessible as possible, addressing concerns about previous climate-economic modelling approaches and enabling a more diverse set of stakeholders to engage with these essential and timely topics.
Towards a Fraud Detection Framework in VoIP Networks (2018)

The openness and low cost structure of Voice over IP (VoIP) services has helped Application Service Providers to attract large numbers of subscribers over the last few years. However, as evidenced by various press reports the same reasons have unfortunately also attracted attackers and malicious users. Thus, misuse of services and fraud are currently considered as one of the biggest obstacles to VoIP providers. Fraud detection has been an active area of research and development in the banking and credit card industry. In the VoIP area, there is still hardly any research or products that can assist providers in detecting anomalous behavior. Hence, providers refer to general monitoring tools and manual search methods for identifying fraud attempts. To ﬁll this gap, we suggest a complete solution for automatic fraud detection that alarms providers when suspicious behavior is detected. These tools can be used by VoIP providers to protect their services against losses due to fraud and identify previously uncollected revenue sources.