gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Product, process, and profit (2000)

In research and in practice,usability specialists commonly target the technology user-interfaces and help as the main arena for bringing about usability improvements. However, usability improvements depend on more than innovative and user-centered technical designs and implementations. Equally important for creating useful and usable software are the social and political forces that shape the development context. These forces give rise to leadership conflicts, factional disputes, renegade efforts, alliances and betrayals, all of which profoundly influence whether usability improvements will be supported and sustained within and across projects. This essay presents and analyzes a case history of a software start-up company in which usability achieved a Pyrrhic victory, triumphing only in the short run because of social and political forces.
Methods of Information Theory Search (2013)

This chapter formulates the algorithm of search for static targets and proves its main properties. The algorithm is based on the Learning Real-Time A* (LRTA*) algorithm. The chapter considers Huffman—Zimmerman search procedure and the Generalized Optimal Testing Algorithm (GOTA) relations and shows that under certain conditions the algorithm acts as the optimal Huffman—Zimmerman search procedure or as the near-optimal GOTA. It considers the informational algorithm which is based on the Moving Target Search (MTS) algorithm. The chapter demonstrates the relation of the algorithm with the Pollock model of search, and show that under the conditions of the Pollock simple optimal model of search, it gives the same optimal solutions for both certain and uncertain detections. It presents certain generalizations and, on the basis of the ILRTA* algorithm, demonstrate search with multiple searchers for both cooperative and non-cooperative behavior. The theoretical results are also illustrated by numerical examples. Controlled Vocabulary Terms Multivariate statistics
Comparison of NMOS, CMOS and GaAs technologies (2003)

The relative merits of silicon NMOS, CMOS, and GaAs technologies are discussed. The relative commercial standings of these IC technologies are discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
PROTACs and Other Chemical Protein Degradation Technologies for the Treatment of Neurodegenerative Disorders (2020)

Neurodegenerative disorders (NDs) are a group of diseases that cause neural cell damage, leading to motility and/or cognitive dysfunctions. One of the causative agents is misfolded protein aggregates, which are considered as undruggable in terms of conventional tools, such as inhibitors and agonists/antagonists. Indeed, there is currently no FDA-approved drug for the causal treatment of NDs. However, emerging technologies for chemical protein degradation are opening up the possibility of selective elimination of target proteins through physiological protein degradation machineries, which do not depend on the functions of the target proteins. Here, we review recent efforts towards the treatment of NDs using chemical protein degradation technologies, and we briefly discuss the challenges and prospects.
Adjuvant Therapy for Breast Cancer (1994)

North Shore University Hospital, Manhasset, New York Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New Hyde Park, New York
Pipeline monitoring by Brillouin-scattering-based fibre optic distributed strain sensors: pipeline wall thickness detection (2009)

Distributed Brillouin scattering sensor system was employed to measure the hoop strain in an internally pressurized steel pipe with wall thinning due to erosion. The difference of Brillouin frequency shift from regions that have different degree of wall thickness lost can be observed on strain distribution. The strain from thin wall region is higher than that from the thick wall region. Therefore, the inner wall thinning can be discriminated from the corresponding strain measurements, which shows that fiber optic sensor technology based on distributed Brillouin scattering offers the great potential as a "nervous system" for infrastructure elements that allow high performance, cost effective health and damage assessment systems to be achieved.
TanDEM-X DEM Calibration and Processing Experiments with E-SAR (2008)

The TanDEM-X mission has the goal to deliver a digital elevation model (DEM) that fulfils HRTI-3 quality requirements on a global scale. The interferometric height is determined by the phase difference between the two acquired images and the spatial geometry. Baseline errors intrinsic of the bi-static SAR configuration combined with errors and drifts of the radar instrument introduce phase inaccuracies in the interferogram. Therefore, an accurate calibration of the interferometric system parameters and independent height references are required. In order to validate the DEM calibration concept with real interferometric data, a measurement campaign was carried out with the experimental airborne radar system (E-SAR) of the German Aerospace Center (DLR) in Oberpfaffenhofen. This paper will present some of the various results from these interferometric experiments, stressing on the quality assessment of the ICESat GLAS14 elevation data, which will be a key aspect in a successful TanDEM-X DEM generation.
Effect of maternal obesity on the expression level of P-glycoprotein in human placenta (2015)

Objective
To evaluate the effect of maternal obesity on the expression level of P-glycoprotein in human placenta, and to provide a theoretical basis for individualized dosage regimen of digoxin prenatal intervention for fetal heart failure.


Methods
A total of 25 puerperants with normal and full-term pregnancy in West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University from March to June 2013 were chosen as study subjects.In accordance with the pre-pregnancy body mass index(BMI), they were divided into obesity group(n=10, BMI≥27.9 kg/m2)and control group(n=15, 18.5 kg/m2≤BMI<23.9 kg/m2). Placentas were collected at birth.The relative expression levels of ABCB1 mRNA and P-glycoprotein in the placenta were determined by the methods of real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Western blotting, and the data were analyzed statistically.The study protocol was approved by the Ethical Review Board of Investigation in Human Being of West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University.Informed consent was obtained from each participant.


Results
①Both the pre-pregnancy BMI and BMI at birth of obesity group were significantly higher than those of control group(t=20.88, 11.66; P 0.05). ②The relative expression levels of ABCB1 mRNA and P-glycoprotein in placenta of obesity group were both significantly lower than those of control group(t=-2.146, P=0.043; t=-3.862, P=0.005).


Conclusions
The digoxin concentration in fetal compartment might increase in obese mothers during pregnancy, suggesting that lower dosage of digoxin should be given to obese pregnant women when given prenatal intervention for fetal heart failure.


Key words: 
P-glycoprotein; Obesity; Body mass index; Placenta
Coordinator's Column (2014)

No AccessPerspectives on TelepracticeCoordinator’s Column1 Mar 2014Coordinator's Column Lyn Tindall Covert Lyn Tindall Covert Google Scholar More articles by this author https://doi.org/10.1044/teles4.1.3 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationTrack Citations ShareFacebookTwitterLinked In "Coordinator's Column." Perspectives on Telepractice, 4(1), p. 3 Additional Resources FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 4Issue 1March 2014Pages: 3-3 Get Permissions Add to your Mendeley library History Published in issue: Mar 1, 2014 Metrics Topicsasha-topicsleader-topicsasha-article-typesasha-sigsCopyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2014 American Speech-Language-Hearing AssociationPDF DownloadLoading ...
Thermal Footprints of Whales (2009)

Thermal FooTpriNTs
Comorbidity and retirement in cervical dystonia (2019)

Cervical dystonia considerably reduces working ability and leads to earlier retirement. Anxiety and depression are most notable comorbidities and their co-occurrence further reduces working ability. Our results suggest that more health care resources should be administered in treatment of CD to longer maintain working ability of CD patients. Further, psychiatric comorbidities should be taken into consideration in CD treatment.
ChemInform Abstract: PHOTOCHEMISCHE (2+2)‐CYCLOADDITIONSRK. BEI NIEDEREN TEMPERATUREN, SYNTH. VON BICYCLO(N,2,0)DICARBOXYLATEN MIT EINEM BRUECKENKOPF‐SUBSTITUENTEN AUS MALEINSAEURE‐DERIVATEN UND AETHYLEN (1972)

Abstract Cyclobuten‐ und Cyclohepten‐1,2‐dicarbonsäureester (Ia) und (Ib) reagieren in Gegenwart von Äthylen bei der Bestrahlung in Methylenchlorid bei ‐70°C in hoher Ausbeute zu den kondensierten Cyclobutanen (IIa) und (IIb), während aus dem Cyclohexendicarbonsäureester(Ic) kein Addukt entsteht.
Tetrameric Assembly of Monoubiquitin Accurately Mimics the Lys11 Polyubiquitin Chain Structure (2015)

Specific lysine residues on the ubiquitin surface were selected during the course of evolution to form different polyubiquitin chain structures that signal diverse cellular processes. A vast number of ubiquitin receptors specifically recognize and decode the signals conferred by these polyubiquitin chains. The mechanisms of formation and the structure of Lys11-linked ubiquitin, which signals for cell-cycle and innate immune control, have been elucidated. Here, we present a new crystal structure of monomeric ubiquitin that accurately mimics one of the structures of Lys11-linked ubiquitin. Analysis of the ubiquitin:ubiquitin interface demonstrates structural fitness and specificity. The interaction is exclusively hydrophilic, leaving the Ile44 hydrophobic patch, a major recognition site for ubiquitin receptors, exposed. These noncovalent ubiquitin:ubiquitin interactions are nearly identical to those reported for Lys11-linked ubiquitin and seem to play a significant role in stabilizing the crystal structure without the isopeptide bond. In vitro cross-linking analysis with wild-type ubiquitin or its mutants partially mimics the interactions in the crystal. We suggest that these interactions may play a biological role in transmitting Lys11-linked ubiquitin chain-type cellular signals.
Identification of an inhibitory budding signal that blocks the release of HIV particles and exosome/microvesicle proteins (2011)

Animal cells bud exosomes and microvesicles (EMVs) from endosome and plasma membranes. The combination of higher-order oligomerization and plasma membrane binding is a positive budding signal that targets diverse proteins into EMVs and retrovirus particles. Here we describe an inhibitory budding signal (IBS) from the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) Gag protein. This IBS was identified in the spacer peptide 2 (SP2) domain of Gag, is activated by C-terminal exposure of SP2, and mediates the severe budding defect of p6-deficient and PTAP-deficient strains of HIV. This IBS also impairs the budding of CD63 and several other viral and nonviral EMV proteins. The IBS does not prevent cargo delivery to the plasma membrane, a major site of EMV and virus budding. However, the IBS does inhibit an interaction between EMV cargo proteins and VPS4B, a component of the endosomal sorting complexes required for transport (ESCRT) machinery. Taken together, these results demonstrate that inhibitory signals can block protein and virus budding, raise the possibility that the ESCRT machinery plays a role in EMV biogenesis, and shed new light on the role of the p6 domain and PTAP motif in the biogenesis of HIV particles.
On the comfortableness of muscle power assistive robotic system (2012)

This study provides a guideline for determining how much torque is appropriate to be added for impaired or elderly people to feel comfortable when being assisted by power assistive systems. To find out the appropriate assist level, the first experiment was designed to observe if a certain level of assist exists which people prefer, while performing goal-reaching tasks. The second experiment was established to investigate the dominant factors that make people comfortable. Based on these observations, we found that there exists a region where people feel comfortable during performing tasks with power assistive robots and there is a trade-off between the assisted torque or force to move the system and the performance to accomplish the task. We define the region of appropriate assistant level as the “cozy-zone”. The results of this study can be a clue for finding the appropriate control of a power assistive system.
The effect of mitochondrial transplantation therapy from different gender on inhibiting cell proliferation of malignant melanoma (2021)

Today mitochondria are considered much more than a energy plant in cells. Mitochondrial transplantation therapy has been an active research area for treating mitochondria-associated diseases from animal studies to clinical trials. However, the specific mechanism involved in the anti-tumor activity of healthy mitochondria remain to be characterized. Here we investigate the signal mechanism and gender difference of mitochondrial transplantation therapy against malignant melanoma. In the study, we administrated intact mitochondria extracted from mouse livers respectively to the mice bearing malignantly subcutaneous and metastatic melanoma, and identified the signal mechanism responsible for the mitochondrial treatment through transcriptomic analysis. Meanwhile, the efficiency of female mitochondria and male mitochondria was compared in the cultured melanoma cells and transplanted melanoma in mice. The results suggested that the mitochondria significantly inhibited the tumor cell proliferation <i>in vitro</i> through cell cycle arrest and induction of cell apoptosis. In the melanoma-bearing mice, the mitochondria retard the tumor growth and lung migration, and the transcriptomic analysis indicated that general chromosome silencing was strongly associated with the mitochondria against melanoma after the mitochondrial transplantation on the metastasis melanoma. Moreover, the anti-tumor activity of mitochondria from female animals was more efficient in comparison to the males, and the female mitochondria could probably induce more persuasive mitochondria-nuclear communication than the mitochondria from male mice. The study identifies the anti-tumor mechanism of the mitochondrial transplantation therapy, and provides a novel insight into the effect of mitochondria from different gender.
Contrasting Infant Perception Data with a Reinforcement Learning Visual Search Model (2011)

Selective visual attention is the mechanism by which we rapidly fixate on objects of interest in our visual environment. The study of visual attention is relevant to any situation in which actions are based on visual information. In this work, we propose modeling the dynamics of infant perception data with respect to the visual search process. Observation-action trajectories collected from different infant subjects are mapped to a Markov model. This data is then compared to results obtained from a reinforcement learning based visual search system. The long-term goal of this research effort is to devise a near-optimal, biologically-inspired visual attention mechanism that can be applied to large visual fields while offering speed and accuracy for diverse scene conditions.
<title>Digital multicarrier spread spectrum for resistance against jamming and multipath</title> (2001)

All-digital single-user Multi-Carrier Spread Spectrum (MC-SS) transceivers are studied in this paper and compared with Direct-Sequence Spread-Spectrum (DS-SS) systems under different scenarios. Closed-form bit error rate (BER) expressions are derived for sub-optimum matched filter and optimum minimum mean-square error reception in the presence of additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) and Narrow-Band Interference (NBI). Although digital MC-SS turns out to outperform DS-SS, the difference is not as pronounced as in their analog counterparts. Closed-form BER expressions are also obtained for MC-SS and DS-SS transmissions propagating through frequency-selective multipath fading channels, and optimality is established for MC-SS when the channel taps are independent identically distributed (i.i.d.). But when the channel taps are non-i.i.d., MC-SS is shown to exhibit near-optimal behavior at high SNR and to outperform DS-SS even though their difference diminishes as the spreading factor increases and proper spreading codes are chosen for DS-SS. Finally, BER performance is carried out for MC-SS and DS-SS in the joint presence of multipath fading and NBI. Simulated BER evaluation illustrates the advantages of MC-SS over DS-SS in the presence of multipath and corroborates its robustness against AWGN and NBI.
Dynamic Assessment of Angiogenesis in Renal Cell Carcinoma Spheroids by Intravital Microscopy (2003)

The model is suitable for the analysis of renal cell cancer angiogenesis. Although it is heterotopic, angiogenesis in renal cell cancer spheroids mimics important characteristics of human renal cell cancer.
Attitude estimation and maneuvering for autonomous obstacle avoidance by miniature air vehicles (2008)

Utilizing the Euler-Rodrigues symmetric parameters (attitude quaternion) to describe vehicle orientation, we develop a multiplicative, nonlinear (extended) variation of the Kalman filter (MEKF) to fuse data from low-cost sensors. The sensor suite is comprised of gyroscopes, accelerometers, and a GPS receiver. In contrast to the common approach of using the complete vehicle attitude as the quantities to be estimated, our filter states consist of the three components of an attitude error vector. In parallel with the time update of the attitude error estimate, we utilize the gyroscope measurements for the time propagation of the attitude quaternion. The accelerometer and the GPS sensors are used independently for the measurement update portion of the Kalman filter. For both sensors, a vector arithmetic approach is used to determine the attitude error vector. Following each measurement update, a multiplicative reset operation moves the attitude error information from the filter state into the attitude estimate. This reset operation utilizes quaternion algebra to implicitly maintain the unity-norm constraint. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our attitude estimation algorithm through flight simulations and flight tests of aggressive maneuvers such as loops and small-radius circles. We implement an approach to aerobatic maneuvering for miniature air vehicles (MAVs) using time-parameterized attitude trajectory generation and an associated attitude tracking control law. We designed two methodologies, polynomial and trigonometric, for creating functions that specify pitch and roll angles as a function of time. For both approaches, the functions are constrained by the maneuver boundary conditions of aircraft position and velocity. We construct a trajectory tracking feedback control law to regulate aircraft orientation throughout the maneuvers. The trajectory generation algorithm was used to construct several maneuvers and trajectory tracking control law successfully executed the maneuvers in the flight simulator. In addition to the simulation results, MAV flight tests verified the performance of the maneuver generation and control. To achieve obstacle avoidance maneuvering, the time parameterized trajectories were converted to spatially parameterized paths, which allowed for inertial reference frame position error to be included in the control law feedback loop. We develop a novel method to achieve the spatial parameterization using a prediction and correction approach. Additionally, the first derivative of position of the desired path is modified using a corrective parameter scheme prior to being used in the control. Using the path position error and the corrected derivative, we utilize a unit-norm quaternion framework to implement a proportional-derivative (PD) control law. This control law was demonstrated in simulation and hardware on maneuvers designed specifically to avoid obstacles, namely the Immelmann and the Close-Q, as well as a basic loop.
High Definition Laparoscopy: Objective Assessment of Performance Characteristics and Comparison with Standard Laparoscopy (2009)

HD laparoscopy has superior objective performance characteristics compared with standard laparoscopes. Further investigation is required to determine whether these objective findings translate into subjective improvements, and which characteristics can be adjusted to obtain the best possible results. These improved optics may lead to easier identification of anatomic structures, finer dissection, and enhanced three-dimensional spatial positioning during HD laparoscopic procedures.
Bandwidth of Reflectarray Antennas (2018)

This chapter discusses the fundamental physics that determine the bandwidth of reflectarray antennas. A reflector antenna is essentially frequency-independent, that is, it has an infinite bandwidth, and in practice the primary feed antenna is responsible for limiting the bandwidth of the reflector. The chapter outlines the basic physics of bandwidth limitations for all three phase tuning approaches. The bandwidth limitation imposed by the radiating element is most significant for small or moderate size reflectarrays, and bandwidth of large reflectarrays is primarily governed by a second factor, namely the differential spatial delay. Depending on the phase tuning approaches, however, the physics behind the bandwidth limitation is different. In the delay-line approach, impedance matching between the transmission-line and the patch is the key factor, since it ensures that the power is received or transmitted from the patch to the delay-line and vice versa, thus controlling the element bandwidth.
Enhancements to transmutation system performance through use of an accelerator/fluid fuel combination (1995)

The destruction of plutonium and other long-lived radionuclides in high-level nuclear waste is receiving considerable international technical interest and effort. At Los Alamos, accelerator-based concepts are under investigation which achieve high burnups of plutonium and other actinides and which simultaneously transmute key long-lived fission products. This paper describes quantitative enhancements brought through use of an accelerator-driven/fluid fuel subcritical blanket. Results are described covering robust response to reactivity insertions, increased neutron economy for transmutation of long-lived fission products using thermal neutrons, and reduced frequencies required for fuel cleanup.
Ingestion of a Dietary Supplement Containing Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and Androstenedione Has Minimal Effect on Immune Function in Middle-Aged Men (2003)

These findings suggest that, although chronic intake of a complex dietary supplement containing DHEA, androstenedione and herbal extracts increases serum androgen levels, it has minimal effect on immune function in middle-aged men.
An Inexpensive Apparatus Facilitating the Storage of Oxygen Sensitive Compounds (1973)

Abstract The design, construction, and use of an inexpensive apparatus which facilitates the storage of oxygen sensitive compounds in serum bottles is described.