gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Independent control of phases and defects in TiO2 thin films for functional transistor channels (2016)

TiO 2 has various inherent advantages in practical devices: chemical stability, non‐toxicity, and abundance on earth, as highlighted in a range of applications of TiO 2 surfaces in photocatalysis/optoelectronics. However, the application of TiO 2 to three‐terminal devices has been limited; for example, TiO 2 ‐channel transistors, which may potentially modulate the TiO 2 surface properties by electrostatic back gating, has suffered from low field‐effect mobility ( μ FE &lt; 1 cm 2 V −1 s −1 ) irrespective of fabrication methods. The major challenge is to control phases (rutile/anatase) and defects (oxygen vacancy) simultaneously in TiO 2 thin films. Here, we achieved μ FE ∼ 10 cm 2 V −1 s −1 in TiO 2 ‐channel transistors, one order higher than before and even comparable to InGaZnO channels. The major improvement is the independent control of phases and defects in TiO 2 thin films; we formed short‐range order of anatase phase in the amorphous deposition, and minimized the number of defects in the subsequent thermal treatment. Besides, we showed this independent control of phases and defects are underpinned by excellent thermal stability of TiO 2 /SiO 2 interfaces. These results demonstrate TiO 2 can be a transistor channel with a reasonable μ FE and ON/OFF ratio (&gt;6 orders), not only changing the conventional image of this material, but also promising new functionalities based on unique properties of TiO 2 .
Piezotronic effect enhanced Schottky-contact ZnO micro/nanowire humidity sensors (2014)

ZnO micro/nanowire 被利用了制作传感器基于 metal-semiconductor-metal (M-S-M ) 组织的联系 Schottky 的湿度。借助于 piezotronic 效果，当使用外部紧张时，信号水平，敏感和湿度传感器的察觉到的分辨率显著地被提高。因为，一个更高的 Schottky 障碍显著地减少信号水平，一个更低的 Schottky 障碍减少传感器敏感由于增加的欧姆的运输， 0.22% 压缩紧张被发现优化湿度传感器的表演，与最大的 responsivity 1,240% 。在观察机械电的行为后面的物理机制被使用乐队结构图小心地学习。这个工作提供一答应显著地提高 Schottky 接触的全面表演的方法组织了 micro/nanowire 传感器。
Chemoselective Transesterification of Acrylate Derivatives for Functionalized Monomer Synthesis Using a Hard Zinc Alkoxide Generation Strategy (2016)

A new practical method for the synthesis of functionalized acrylate derivatives with the view to prepare functional polymers was explored. Hard zinc alkoxide generation enabled the highly chemoselective transesterification of acrylate derivatives over the undesired conjugate addition, which caused polymerization. The combined use of the catalytic zinc cluster Zn 4 (OCOCF 3 ) 6 O and 4‐(dimethylamino)pyridine delivered various functionalized acrylate derivatives through the transesterification of commercially available methyl acrylate derivatives with functionalized alcohols under mild conditions.
Data from PAI-1 Leads to G<sub>1</sub>-Phase Cell-Cycle Progression through Cyclin D3/cdk4/6 Upregulation (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;The canonical function of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1/SERPINE1) is as an inhibitor of urokinase-type plasminogen activator for blood clot maintenance, but it is now also considered a pleiotropic factor that can exert diverse cellular and tumorigenic effects. However, the mechanism controlling its pleiotropic effects is far from being understood. To elucidate the tumorigenic role of PAI-1, we tested the effects of PAI-1 after manipulation of its expression or through the use of a small-molecule inhibitor, tiplaxtinin. Downregulation of PAI-1 significantly reduced cellular proliferation through an inability to progress from the G&lt;sub&gt;0&lt;/sub&gt;–G&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt; phase of the cell cycle. Accordingly, overexpression of PAI-1 augmented proliferation by encouraging S-phase entry. Biochemically, cell-cycle arrest was associated with the depletion of the G&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt;-phase transition complexes, cyclin D3/cdk4/6 and cyclin E/cdk2, in parallel with the upregulation of the cell-cycle inhibitors p53, p21Cip1/Waf1, and p27Kip1. PAI-1 depletion significantly decreased the tumor size of urothelial T24 and UM-UC-14 xenografts, and overexpression of PAI-1 substantially increased the tumor size of HeLa xenografts. Finally, immunohistochemical analysis of human bladder and cervical tumor tissue microarrays revealed increased expression of PAI-1 in cancerous tissue, specifically in aggressive tumors, supporting the relevance of this molecule in human tumor biology.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Implications:&lt;/b&gt; Targeting PAI-1 has beneficial antitumoral effects and should be further investigated clinically. &lt;i&gt;Mol Cancer Res; 12(3); 322–34. ©2014 AACR&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Early Scenario Pruning for Efficient Design Space Exploration in Physical Synthesis (2016)

Automated design space exploration has become a promising approach for improving VLSI design quality and achieving a balance across a range of design closure objectives. However, it comes with the challenge of high compute resource cost in terms of CPU runtime, disk space, and memory requirements. This paper proposes an automated early scenario pruning (ESP) scheme that predicts the quality of results for synthesis scenarios at the early stages of the synthesis runs. Scenarios deemed non-competitive in terms of objective cost functions can be pruned prior to completion under the proposed framework. This flow reduces the compute resource cost significantly, especially for big and complex design blocks, making design exploration more efficient. The proposed framework is a layer on top of the logic and physical synthesis programs for a high-performance microprocessor design environment. Our experimental data on 14nm processor design blocks suggest over 80% pruning efficiency is possible while claiming approximately 20% savings in CPU time.
Adapting the full matrix capture and the total focusing method to laser ultrasonics for remote non destructive testing (2017)

Laser Induced Phased Arrays (LIPAs) use post processing to focus and steer the laser generated and detected ultrasonic beam, synthesizing a phased array. The technique is broadband, non-contact, and couplant free, making LIPAs suitable for large stand-off distances, inspection of components of complex geometries and hazardous environments. This paper presents LIPAs synthesized by capturing the Full Matrix (FMC), at the nondestructive, thermoelastic regime. The Total Focusing Method (TFM) is used as the imaging algorithm, where the captured signals are summed with the appropriate time delay, in order to synthesize a focus at every point in the imaging area. The FMC and the TFM, are adapted to the needs of LIPAs in order to enable fast imaging and make more efficient use of the information in the data. Experimental results are presented from nondestructive, laser ultrasonic inspection of an aluminum sample with side drilled holes at depths varying between 10 and 20 mm from the surface.
Chaotic brain activity. (1995)

As demonstrated by this example fairy-tales long ago expressed what we refer to today as sensitive dependence on initial conditions. If we observe such a sensitive dependency in any given, deterministic system, we will call it 'chaos'. While the classical definition of chaos means absence of order and unpredictability, the scientific definition ofchaos is based on nonlinear mathematics.Although its principles were already established during the late 19th century by Poincare, they were not mathematically accessible until the work of Lorenz (1963). Today, chaos is defined as 'stochastic behaviour in a deterministic system', or more colloquially: Chaos is apparently lawless behaviour totally ruled by (deterministic) laws. An irregular motion is illustrated in Fig.1, in which two traces of brain activity in this case MEG are superimposed. The two traces were selected such that a large cross-correlation exists at the onset of activity. Both traces are based on the same generators, and the conditions during the two observations are very much the same. Neverthe-
Design of a Molecular Hybrid of Dual Peptide Inhibitors Coupled on AuNPs for Enhanced Inhibition of Amyloid β‐Protein Aggregation and Cytotoxicity (2017)

Aggregation of amyloid-β protein (Aβ) is a pathological hallmark of Alzheimer's disease (AD), so the inhibition of Aβ aggregation is an important strategy for the prevention and treatment of AD. Herein, we proposed to design molecular hybrids of peptide inhibitors by combining two peptide inhibitors, VVIA and LPFFD, into single sequences and examined their effects on Aβ<sub>42</sub> aggregation and cytotoxicity. The hybrid peptides exhibit increased but moderate inhibitory activity as compared to their two precursors. By conjugating the peptides onto gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), however, the inhibition activity of the corresponding peptide@AuNPs against Aβ<sub>42</sub> aggregation and cytotoxicity is greatly improved. Among them, VVIACLPFFD (VCD10)@AuNP is the most effective, which increases cell viability from 48% to 82% at a dosage as low as 0.1 nmol L<sup>-1</sup> (NPs) or 40 nmol L<sup>-1</sup> (peptide). The superior capacity of VCD10@AuNPs is considered due to its branched dual-inhibitor sequence, and its special surface orientation and conformation. These structural features promote its synergetic interactions with Aβ on AuNP surface, leading to strong inhibitions of Aβ oligomerization and fibrillation and the cytotoxicity caused by the aggregation species. The findings suggest that potent inhibitors can be derived by hybridization of multiple peptide inhibitors with the hybrid products coupled onto nanoparticles.
Performance analysis of MVDR beamformer in WASN with sampling rate offsets and blind synchronization (2015)

In wireless acoustic sensor networks (WASNs), sampling rate offsets (SROs) between nodes are inevitable, and recognized as one of the challenges that have to be resolved for a coherent array processing. A simplified free-space propagation is considered with a single desired source impinging a WASNs from the far-field and contaminated by a diffuse noise. In this paper, we analyze the theoretical performance of a fixed superdirective beamformer (SDBF) in presence of SROs. The SDBF performance loss due to SROs is manifested as a distortion of the nominal beampattern and an excess noise power at the output of the beamformer. We also propose an iterative algorithm for SROs estimation. The theoretical results are validated by simulation.
Enantioselective Cascade Cyclization/Protodemetalation of Polyenes with N3Pt2+ Catalysts (2014)

The combination of the N-based pincer ligand PyBOX with Pt<sup>2+</sup> leads to new catalysts for the enantioselective cycloisomerization of dienyl- and trienyl-ols. The mechanistic combination of electrophilic cyclization followed by rapid protodemetalation is surprising and leads to a powerful construct for developing new reactions.
Potent and Selective Antitumor Activity of a T-Cell Engaging Bispecific Antibody Targeting a Membrane-Proximal Epitope of ROR1 (2017)

Abstract T-cell engaging bispecific antibodies present a promising strategy for cancer immunotherapy and numerous bispecific formats have been developed for retargeting cytolytic T cells toward tumor cells. To explore the therapeutic utility of T-cell engaging bispecific antibodies targeting the receptor tyrosine kinase ROR1, which is expressed by tumor cells of various hematologic and solid malignancies, we used a bispecific ROR1 × CD3 scFv-Fc format based on a heterodimeric and aglycosylated Fc domain designed for extended circulatory half-life and diminished systemic T-cell activation. A diverse panel of ROR1-targeting scFv derived from immune and naïve rabbit antibody repertoires was compared in this bispecific format for target-dependent T-cell recruitment and activation. A ROR1-targeting scFv with a membrane-proximal epitope, R11, revealed potent and selective antitumor activity in vitro and in vivo and emerged as a prime candidate for further preclinical and clinical studies. To elucidate the precise location and engagement of this membrane-proximal epitope, which is conserved between human and mouse ROR1, the three-dimensional structure of scFv R11 in complex with the kringle domain of ROR1 was determined by X-ray crystallography at 1.6-Å resolution.
Vertical profiles of environmental parameters measured on discrete water samples collected with Niskin bottles at station TARA_065 during the Tara Oceans expedition 2009-2013 (2014)

The Tara Oceans Expedition (2009-2013) was a global survey of ocean ecosystems aboard the Sailing Vessel Tara. It carried out extensive measurements of evironmental conditions and collected plankton (viruses, bacteria, protists and metazoans) for later analysis using modern sequencing and state-of-the-art imaging technologies. Tara Oceans Data are particularly suited to study the genetic, morphological and functional diversity of plankton. The present data set includes properties of seawater, particulate matter and dissolved matter that were measured from discrete water samples collected with Niskin bottles during the 2009-2013 Tara Oceans expedition. Properties include pigment concentrations from HPLC analysis (10 depths per vertical profile, 25 pigments per depth), the carbonate system (Surface and 400m; pH (total scale), CO2, pCO2, fCO2, HCO3, CO3, Total alkalinity, Total carbon, OmegaAragonite, OmegaCalcite, and dosage Flags), nutrients (10 depths per vertical profile; NO2, PO4, N02/NO3, SI, quality Flags), DOC, CDOM, and dissolved oxygen isotopes. The Service National d'Analyse des Paramètres Océaniques du CO2, at the Université Pierre et Marie Curie, determined CT and AT potentiometrically. More than 200 vertical profiles of these properties were made across the world ocean. DOC, CDOM and dissolved oxygen isotopes are available only for the Arctic Ocean and Arctic Seas (2013).
Chirp-managed directly modulated laser (CML) (2005)

We demonstrate a new highly dispersion tolerant modulation format using a chirp-managed directly modulated laser (CML) for uncompensated 10-Gb/s transmission over >200 km at 1.55 μm. The CML consists of a distributed feedback (DFB) laser followed by an optical filter. We show that the combination of adiabatic chirp from the DFB and filter edge response produces high extinction ratio pulses with nearly uniform phase, abrupt phase shifts at bit transitions, and a correlation between the 1 bits; 1 bits separated by odd number of 0 bits are /spl pi/ out of phase. This results in carrier suppression, 1/2 the bandwidth of standard nonreturn-to-zero, and high tolerance to positive and negative dispersion.
The influence of the diphenylphosphoryl moiety on the phosphorescent properties of heteroleptic iridium(iii) complexes and the OLED performance: a theoretical study (2014)

A series of heteroleptic iridium(III) complexes were investigated by using the density functional theory/time-dependent density functional theory (DFT/TD-DFT) approach to determine the influence of the diphenylphosphoryl (Ph2PO) moiety on the electronic structures, phosphorescent properties and the organic light-emitting diode (OLED) performance. The results reveal that the introduction of the Ph2PO group could not only dramatically change the electron density distributions of the LUMO and cause red shifts of the emission wavelengths, but also increase the oscillator strengths and the metal character, thus leading to larger radiative decay rates. Additionally, compared with FIrpic (a widely used kind of blue guest material in OLED devices), those complexes with Ph2PO substituents could improve the electron injection/balance ability, increase the Förster energy transfer rate and confine the triplet excitons to the guest phosphors, hence resulting in better OLED performance. Interestingly, further analysis indicates that, compared to IrpicPO with the Ph2PO group sited at the phenyl ring of the phenylpyridine (ppy) ligands, IrpicPOpy with the Ph2PO group sited at the pyridine ring of the ppy ligands performs better in the hole-trapping and hole-injection ability. Finally, we hope our investigations will facilitate the future design of high efficient phosphorescent materials.
Comparison of tantalum precursors for use in liquid injection CVD of thin film oxides, dielectrics and ferroelectrics (1999)

Thin films of Ta20, have been deposited by liquid injection MOCVD using tetrahydrofuran solutions of the mixed ligand precursors Ta(OR),(thd), (where R = methyl (Me), ethyl (Et), isopropyl (Pr') ; thd = 2,2,6,6tetramethyl-3,5-heptanedionate), and for comparison tantalum ethoxide (TafOEt), ).Thin films were deposited on to (100) orientated silicon wafers.It was found that the temperature for tantalum oxide film deposition was around 2 5 0 ' ~ for the tantalum ethoxide and around 3 0 0 ' ~ for the alkoxide I P diketonate precursors.For the alkoxide / P dietonate the temperature for .theonset of mass transport controlled growth depended on the precursor structure increasing .in the order Ta(OPr'),(thd) < Ta(OEt),(thd) < Ta(OMe),(thd).The tantalum oxide films were smooth and specular in appearance but amorphous as grown in the temperature range 250-600'~.They crystallised to the expected 6 phase of T%05 on annealing in air at 1000C.Analysis of the films by Auger electron spectroscopy showed that carbon levels ranged from below the detection limit of 1 atomic up to 3 atomic %.The tailoring of precursors properties for their use in the growth of multi-component oxides is discussed.
A Novel Magnetic Nickel Mold Combined Nano-Particle Fluid Electromagnetism Imprinting on Replicating Microstructures (2009)

This study proposes a novel technology using nano-particle fluid electromagnetism to control the direct hot imprint resist of nickel mold. Combining the present gas-assisted nanoparticle hot imprint molding technology, electroforming technology, and self-designed heatable electromagnetic plate for even control and progressive pressuring technology, this study used electromagnetic nickel mold direct hot imprint to replicate micro structures, in order to make the molding technology and application of micro nanoimprint more mature. This study first used gas-assisted nanoparticle hot embossing method to replicate structures of microlens of original silicon molds on PC, so as to obtain complementary structural patterns. This PC film with structures of microlens is cast into nickel molds by electroforming. This nickel mold was used as the mold for magnetic embossing to imprint hot plastic PMMA.The result showed that through gas-assisted nanoparticle hot embossing molding, casting and component magnetic PDMS soft mold casting, molds of high costs and complicated production process can be massively replicated, and the replication precision is good. Hot gas embossing PDMS film and the surface of base materials can achieve even pressure and conformal contact, thus significantly improving the effective imprint area and imprintability. Through electroforming, casting duration of magnetic nickel molds can be shortened and costs can be effectively lowered. Moreover, electromagnetic plate was used to evenly control the direct hot pressure imprint resist, which is an advantage of the production process of micro structures.
Analytical quantum mechanical model for accumulation capacitance of MOS structures (2002)

We propose a new analytical model to quantitatively simulate capacitance-voltage (C-V) characteristics under accumulation conditions in metal-oxide-semiconductor structures. Based on the exponential potential, we have obtained the exact solution of the Schrodinger equation for all bound states that are consistent with quantum statistics and Gauss' law. The calculated C-V curves are in good agreement with measured ones by using the proposed model. One can easily obtain the results equivalent to full numerical solutions based on our model.
Increased regional white matter hyperintensity volume in objectively-defined subtle cognitive decline and mild cognitive impairment (2022)

White matter hyperintensities (WMH), a marker of small vessel cerebrovascular disease, increase risk of developing mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer's disease (AD). Less is known about the extent and pattern of WMH in pre-MCI stages, such as among those with objectively-defined subtle cognitive decline (Obj-SCD). Five hundred and fifty-nine Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative participants (170 cognitively unimpaired [CU]; 83 Obj-SCD; 306 MCI) free of clinical dementia or stroke completed neuropsychological testing and MRI exams. ANCOVA models compared cognitive groups on regional WMH adjusting for age, sex, and apolipoprotein E (APOE) ɛ4 frequency. Compared with the CU group, those with Obj-SCD had greater temporal, occipital, and frontal WMH whereas those with MCI had higher WMH volume across all regions (p's < 0.01). No differences in WMH volume were observed between the Obj-SCD and MCI groups (p's > 0.05). Findings add to growing evidence of associations between Obj-SCD and imaging biomarkers, providing support for utility of these criteria to capture subtle cognitive changes that are biologically based.
The Shrinkage-Delinkage Trade-off: An Analysis of Factorized Gaussian Approximations for Variational Inference (2023)

When factorized approximations are used for variational inference (VI), they tend to underestimate the uncertainty -- as measured in various ways -- of the distributions they are meant to approximate. We consider two popular ways to measure the uncertainty deficit of VI: (i) the degree to which it underestimates the componentwise variance, and (ii) the degree to which it underestimates the entropy. To better understand these effects, and the relationship between them, we examine an informative setting where they can be explicitly (and elegantly) analyzed: the approximation of a Gaussian,~$p$, with a dense covariance matrix, by a Gaussian,~$q$, with a diagonal covariance matrix. We prove that $q$ always underestimates both the componentwise variance and the entropy of $p$, \textit{though not necessarily to the same degree}. Moreover we demonstrate that the entropy of $q$ is determined by the trade-off of two competing forces: it is decreased by the shrinkage of its componentwise variances (our first measure of uncertainty) but it is increased by the factorized approximation which delinks the nodes in the graphical model of $p$. We study various manifestations of this trade-off, notably one where, as the dimension of the problem grows, the per-component entropy gap between $p$ and $q$ becomes vanishingly small even though $q$ underestimates every componentwise variance by a constant multiplicative factor. We also use the shrinkage-delinkage trade-off to bound the entropy gap in terms of the problem dimension and the condition number of the correlation matrix of $p$. Finally we present empirical results on both Gaussian and non-Gaussian targets, the former to validate our analysis and the latter to explore its limitations.