gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Input Prediction and Autonomous Movement Analysis in Recurrent Circuits of Spikitfg Neurons (2003)

Temporal integration of information and prediction of future sensory inputs are assumed to be important computational tasks of generic cortical microcircuits. It has remained open how cortical microcircuits could possibly achieve this, especially since they consist--in contrast to most neural network models--of neurons and synapses with heterogeneous dynamic responses. It turns out, however, that the diversity of computational units increases the capability of microcircuit models for temporal integration. Furthermore the prediction of future input may be rather easy for such circuits since it suffices to train the readouts from such microcircuits. In this article we show that very simple readouts from a generic recurrently connected circuit of integrate-and-fire neurons with diverse dynamic synapses can be trained in an unsupervised manner to predict movements of different objects, that move within an unlimited number of combinations of speed, angle, and offset over a simulated sensory field. The autonomously trained microcircuit model is also able to compute the direction of motion, which is a computationally difficult problem ('aperture problem') since it requires disambiguation of local sensory readings through the context of other sensory readings at the current and preceding moments. Furthermore the same circuit can be trained simultaneously in a supervised manner to also report the shape and velocity of the moving object. Finally it is shown that the trained neural circuit supports novelty detection and the generation of 'imagined movements'. Altogether the results of this article suggest that it is not necessary to construct specific and biologically unrealistic neural circuit models for specific sensory processing tasks, since 'found' generic cortical microcircuit models in combination with very simple perceptron-like readouts can easily be trained to solve such computational tasks.
Chaotic non-planar vibrations of the thin elastica (1995)

Here, we develop a simple model for the bending-torsion vibrations of the thin elastica; the experimental observations were described in Part I. A geometrically exact rod theory is developed: dimensional analysis demonstrates that a curvature constraint not used in previous analyses is appropriate in our case, and this is used to develop a coupled set of non-linear integro-differential equations for the problem. Using an additional simplifying assumption on the spatial derivative of the torsional field variable, a simplified set of partial differential equations is derived. It is shown that a two-mode projection of these model partial differential equations can be related to an intuitively appealing two-degree-of-freedom mechanical system. Numerical experiments on the two-mode model show that it captures much of the behavior observed in the physical experiments on the thin elastica. In particular, the model possesses a family of bending-torsion non-linear modes with a frequency-amplitude characteristic much like that found experimentally, and the driven problem loses planar stability in a fashion analogous to that observed with the elastica.
Synthesis and Characterization of Macrophotoinitiators of Poly(ε-caprolactone) and Their Use in Block Copolymerization (2002)

Novel end-chain and midchain functional macrophotoinitiators of poly(ε-caprolactone) have been synthesized. For this purpose, mono- and dihydroxy functional photoinitiators namely, benzoin (B) and 2-hydroxy-2-methyl-1-phenyl propan-1-one (HMPP), Darocure 1173, and 2-hydroxy-1-[4-(2-hydroxyethoxy)phenyl]-2-methyl propan-1-one (HE-HMPP), Irgacure 2959, respectively, were used as initiators for the stannous-2-ethylhexanoate (Sn(Oct)2) catalyzed living ring-opening polymerization of ε-caprolactone. The gpc and IR, H NMR, UV, and fluorescence spectroscopic studies revealed that low-polydispersity poly(ε-caprolactone) with desired photoinitiator functionality at the end or in the middle of the chain were obtained. These prepolymers were used to induce radical polymerization of methyl methacrylate (MMA) upon irradiation via α-cleavage of the incorporated phenyl ketone groups. While end-chain functional macrophotoiniators led to the formation of both homo and block copolymers, only block copolymers of ε-CL and MMA were formed with midchain functional macrophotoinitiator. Successful blocking has been confirmed by a strong change in the molecular weight of the prepolymer and the block copolymer as well as by NMR spectral measurements.
The Effects of Optokinetic Nystagmus on Visually Induced Motion Sickness after the Confounding Effects of Retinal Slip is Controlled (2011)

Ebenholtz (1994) predicts that eye movement is a major cause of visually induced motion sickness (VIMS). This paper examines the effects of optkinetic nystagmus (OKN) on VIMS. Past studies had shown that reducing OKN with eye fixation could significantly reduce levels of VIMS. However, the reduction of OKN was confounded with increases in the velocity of image motion projected on viewers' retina (peripherial retinal slip velocity; PRSV). When watching alternating black-and-white vertical stripe rotating at 60 degrees-per-second along the yaw axis, increases in retinal slip velocity have been shown to reduce levels of VIMS (Hu et al., 1989). A within-subject experiment was conducted to study the effects of eye fixation on VIMS with and without the control of the PRSV. After controlling the confounding effect of increasing PRSV, reduction of OKN by eye fixation significantly reduced levels of VIMS as measured by normalized ratio-scale data (p = 0.017), mean 7-point nausea ratings (p = 0.006), and post simulator-sickness-questionnaire scores (p = 0.002). This finding is new and original. It suggests that eye movement by itself rather than its modulating effects on retinal slip velocity is responsible for increases in levels of VIMS. Implications of the results are discussed.
Multi-Robot Distributed Semantic Mapping in Unfamiliar Environments through Online Matching of Learned Representations (2021)

We present a solution to multi-robot distributed semantic mapping of novel and unfamiliar environments. Most state-of-the-art semantic mapping systems are based on supervised learning algorithms that cannot classify novel observations online. While unsupervised learning algorithms can invent labels for novel observations, approaches to detect when multiple robots have independently developed their own labels for the same new class are prone to erroneous or inconsistent matches. These issues worsen as the number of robots in the system increases and prevent fusing the local maps produced by each robot into a consistent global map, which is crucial for cooperative planning and joint mission summarization. Our proposed solution overcomes these obstacles by having each robot learn an unsupervised semantic scene model online and use a multiway matching algorithm to identify consistent sets of matches between learned semantic labels belonging to different robots. Compared to the state of the art, the proposed solution produces 20-60% higher quality global maps that do not degrade even as many more local maps are fused.
Initial results of a clinical study: adenosine enhanced cardioprotection and its effect on cardiomyocytes apoptosis during coronary artery bypass grafting☆☆☆ (2008)

Adenosine enhanced blood cardioplegia could not prevent myocardial apoptosis completely. However, it seems to be that adenosine might influence the frequency of apoptosis and this needs to be considered in future investigations.
Heterojunction Injection Lasers (Review) (1973)

Considerable success has been achieved in semiconductor lasers by the use of hetero junctions. This use was first suggested back in 1963, soon after the development of the injection laser. However, the advantages of the heterojunction lasers were realized only after the mastering of the epitaxial growth of multilayer structures based on (Al,Ga)As solid solutions. The superiority of the heterojunctions formed in this system is due to the fact that these solid solutions, including pure gallium arsenide, have practically identical crystal lattices irrespective of their composition. This is a consequence of the similarity of the covalent radii of gallium and aluminum. In this way a series of solid solutions is formed in which the interchange of gallium and aluminum results only in small changes in the lattice constant, whereas the forbidden-band width varies quite strongly. Two solid-solution systems – (Al,Ga)As and (Al,Ga)(As,P) – have been used successfully in injection lasers. Heterostructures suitable for injection laser applications can be built from one or several heterojunction and p–n junctions. Double-sided heterojunction structures of the n(Al,Ga)As–pGaAs–p(Al,Ga)As type are characterized by the lowest ever room-temperature values of the threshold current density (less than 1 kA/cm2). This has made it possible to achieve continuous emission from injection lasers at room temperature and up to 355°K. The differential efficiency of uncooled heterojunction lasers has recently been raised to 0.7.
Acylthioureas as anion transporters: the effect of intramolecular hydrogen bonding (2013)

Small molecule synthetic anion transporters may have potential application as therapeutic agents for the treatment of diseases including cystic fibrosis and cancer. Understanding the factors that can dictate the anion transport activity of such transporters is a crucial step towards their application in biological systems. In this study a series of acylthiourea anion transporters were synthesised and their anion binding and transport properties in POPC bilayers have been investigated. The transport activity of these receptors is dominated by their lipophilicity, which is in turn dependent on both substituent effects and the formation and strength of an intramolecular hydrogen bond as inferred from DFT calculations. This is in contrast to simpler thiourea systems, in which the lipophilicity depends predominantly on substituent effects alone.
Contents Vol. 8, 1998 (1998)

Beat Frequency in Patients with Chronic Sinusitis Effets d'une corticostrode (budsonide) sur la frquence des battements des cellules cilies suite un traitement local subi par des adultes atteints de sinusite chronique
Ex Vivo Bone Morphogenetic Protein-9 Gene Therapy Using Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells Induces Spinal Fusion in Rodents (2002)

The results of this study suggest that hMSC and BMP-9 ex vivo gene therapy may be useful in inducing spinal fusion as well as other related procedures and certainly warrants further clinical development.
A Novel Method of PAPR Reducing for OFDM Systems (2011)

In order to reduce the PAPR of OFDM system, DST is introduced into OFDM systems. DST will not cause BER deterioration and side redundant in OFDM system. In this paper, the performance of DST-OFDM systems is analyzed in theory. The simulation results show that DST method is better than conventional manners in PAPR reducing, system BER performance and implementation complexity.
Differentiation of liver hemangiomas from metastases and hepatocellular carcinoma at MR imaging enhanced with blood-pool contrast agent Code-7227. (1997)

Distinctly different enhancement patterns with Code-7227 helped accurate differentiation of liver lesions.
Chemico-genetic strategies to inhibit the leukemic potential of threonine aspartase-1 (2012)

Chromosomal rearrangements of the mixed lineage leukemia (MLL) gene with numerous partner genes are frequently found in acute myeloid (AML) and acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Although the pathomechanism of t(4;11)-mediated leukemia is still discussed, expression of the AF4•MLL fusion enhanced the repopulating potential of CD34+-cells, and led to the development of predominantly proB-ALL in a mouse model. The AF4•MLL protein contains cleavage-sites for Threonine Aspartase-1 (Taspase1). Upon processing by Taspase1, the AF4•MLL cleavage products form a protein complex resistant to SIAH-mediated degradation and activate oncogenic programs. Furthermore, Taspase1 is overexpressed in liquid and solid human cancers suggesting that Taspase1 is coopted to promote and sustain tumorigenesis. As genetic deletion of Taspase1 in the mouse produced no overt deﬁciencies, inhibition of Taspase1 may offer novel anticancer strategies, including the treatment of leukemias. Human Taspase1 encodes a protease of 420 amino acids (aa) cleaving substrates in trans by recognizing a conserved peptide motif (Q3[F,I,L,V]2D1↓G1’x2’D3’D4’). Unfortunately, Taspase1’s activity is not affected by common protease inhibitors, currently precluding the assessment of its clinical and therapeutic relevance. Here, we present our endeavors to target Taspase1’s oncogenic potential by (i) overexpression of inactive Taspase1 variants, and (ii) testing a putative Taspase1 inhibitor.
Development of an algorithm for automatic classification of right ventricle deformation patterns in arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (2020)

The determination of the onset of shortening by the experienced operator was comparable to the algorithm. Our computer algorithm seems a promising method for the automatic classification of RV deformation patterns. The algorithm is publicly available at the MathWorks File Exchange.
Functional Outcome of Low Lumbar Burst Fractures (1999)

The results of nonoperative treatment of low lumbar burst fractures were comparable with those of operative treatment. The rate of repeat surgery (41%) and absence of a clearly definable long-term functional or radiographic benefit in patients without neurologic compromise may make surgery less appealing.
Mobility and Energy Management in Electric Vehicle Based Mobility-on-Demand Systems: Models and Solutions (2022)

An electric vehicle based mobility-on-demand (EMoD) system provides shared transportation (e.g., car-sharing or ride-sharing) to satisfy customers’ individual mobility demands. It has been recognized as a vital alternative form of transportation between public and private transportations in future sustainable cities. Constrained by the long charging time and limited driving range of EVs, an operator of an EMoD system demands for decision-making models and algorithms to manage the mobility and energy of EVs to best serve customers with least costs. In this paper, we propose a stochastic dynamic program (DP) to model three operational decisions of the EMoD system: i) dispatching EVs to serve mobility demand from customers, ii) repositioning EVs to accommodate the unbalanced mobility demands between service regions, and iii) recharging EVs to maintain their sufficient state-of-charge levels. To handle this large-scale DP problem, we first observe and prove that it has a coordinate-wise concave value function. Based on this structural property, we propose to use a separable piecewise linear function to approximate the value function and design an approximation-based algorithm to efficiently derive the decision policy. Numerical tests show that our proposed algorithm significantly outperforms the existing model-free approaches (e.g., greedy heuristic and Q-learning) that fail to take into account the structural properties of the DP problem.
CMOS SPAD Sensors for 3D Time-of-Flight Imaging, LiDAR and Ultra-High Speed Cameras (2019)

In conventional applications, such as bio-imaging and microscopy, SPAD is typically used as a single-photon counter. However, this advantage has been challenged by other photon-counting technologies, especially from CMOS-based QIS. Comparatively, apart from single-photon counting capability, QIS is superior to SPAD in terms of intrinsic multi-photon counting capability, quantum efficiency, dark noise, pixel size and fill factor. All these features indicate a low cost and high resolution photon counting imager can be built with QIS, which can be a great competition to SPADs. Moreover, QIS has been demonstrated with 1Mjot array, 0.175e- rms read noise and 1000 fps at less than 20 mWpower consumption.
Studies on fruit ageing by fluorescence spectroscopy and diode laser absorption spectroscopy (2013)

A combination of fluorescence spectroscopy and diode laser absorption spectroscopy is used to investigate ageing processes in fruits, where the changes of chlorophyll content and molecular oxygen concentration are mainly studied.
Predicting the Performance of an Active Magnetic Regenerator Refrigerator Used for Space Cooling and Refrigeration (2006)

Active magnetic regenerative refrigeration (AMRR) systems represent an environmentally attractive refrigeration alternative that does not use a fluorocarbon working fluid. Recently, families of magnetocaloric material alloys with adjustable Curie temperatures have been developed. Using these materials, it is possible to construct a layered regenerator bed that can achieve a high magnetocaloric effect across its entire operating temperature range. This paper describes a numerical model capable of predicting the practical limits of performance of this technology applied to space-conditioning and refrigeration applications. The model treats the regenerator bed as a one-dimensional matrix of magnetic material with a spatial variation in Curie temperature and, therefore, magnetic properties. The matrix is subjected to a spatially and temporally varying magnetic field and fluid mass flow rate. The numerical model is solved using a fully implicit discretization of the governing energy equations. The nonlinear aspects of the governing equations (e.g., fluid and magnetic property variations) are handled using a relaxation technique. Modeling results are presented that illustrate how an AMRR system can be optimized for a particular operating condition. The performance of layered and nonlayered AMRRs are compared to current vapor compression technology for space-conditioning and refrigeration applications.
Second-Generation Tags for Fluorous Chemistry Exemplified with a New Fluorous Mitsunobu Reagent (2008)

A new fluorous DEAD reagent bearing two perfluoro-tert-butyloxy groups with propylene spacers shows excellent promise for use in fluorous Mitsunobu reactions. Pure target products were obtained in good yields after removing fluorous byproducts by FSPE. The new reagent serves as a prototype for a greener second generation of fluorous reagents bearing tags that are not expected to degrade in the environment to compounds that are highly persistent or that bioaccumulate in higher organisms.
Broadband Tuning of External Cavity Dual-Upper-State Quantum-Cascade Lasers in Continuous Wave Operation (2011)

A wide wavelength tuning of an external cavity quantum-cascade laser (QCL) based on the anticrossed dual-upper-state to multiple-lower-state design is demonstrated in continuous wave (cw) operation at room temperature. The tuning ranges of 321 cm-1 (Δλ/λ∼22%) in pulsed operation and 248 cm-1 (Δλ/λ∼17%) in cw operation are achieved, despite employment of the active region with translational symmetry. The present tuning range in cw operation substantially exceeds the values obtained with the QCLs based on conventional broadband active region designs. In addition, the continuous, single mode tuning is realized with its widely homogeneous gain spectrum.
Structured Understanding of Assessment and Plans in Clinical Documentation (2022)

Abstract Physicians record their detailed thought-processes about diagnoses and treatments as unstructured text in a section of a clinical note called the assessment and plan. This information is more clinically rich than structured billing codes assigned for an encounter but harder to reliably extract given the complexity of clinical language and documentation habits. We describe and release a dataset containing annotations of 579 admission and progress notes from the publicly available and de-identified MIMIC-III ICU dataset with over 30,000 labels identifying active problems, their assessment, and the category of associated action items (e.g. medication, lab test). We also propose deep-learning based models that approach human performance, with a F1 score of 0.88. We found that by employing weak supervision and domain specific data-augmentation, we could improve generalization across departments and reduce the number of human labeled notes without sacrificing performance.
Synthesis and Structure of α/δ‐Hybrid Peptides—Access to Novel Helix Patterns in Foldamers (2009)

Stimulated by an overview on all periodic folding patterns of alpha/delta-hybrid peptides with 1:1 alternating backbone provided by ab initio molecular orbital theory, the first representatives of this foldamer class were synthesized connecting novel C-linked carbo-delta-amino acid constituents and L-Ala. In agreement with theoretical predictions, extensive NMR spectroscopic analyses confirm the formation of new motifs of 13/11-mixed helical patterns in these peptides supported by the rigidity of the D-xylose side chain in the selected delta-amino acid constituents. Relationships between possible helix types in alpha/delta-hybrid peptides and their counterparts in other 1:1 hybrid peptide classes and native alpha-peptides are discussed; these indicate the high potential of these foldamers to mimic native peptide secondary structures. The design of alpha/delta-hybrid peptides provides an opportunity to expand the domain of foldamers and allows the introduction of desired functionalities through the alpha-amino acid constituents.
Efficient assessment of combined crystallization, milling, and dissolution cycles for crystal size and shape manipulation (2018)

A 3-stage process, consisting of a combination of crystallization, milling, and dissolution stages for the selective manipulation of the size and shape of crystals, is investigated to characterize its performance when applied to different substances. To this aim, simulations are used to screen, via a parametric analysis, the effect of different compound properties and operating conditions on the size and shape of the final products. Through this analysis, characteristic trends of general validity are identified, thus allowing to define families of compounds with similar behavior and features. Based on these results, a set consisting of a small number of experiments is devised to fully characterize the outcome of the 3-stage process for a specific substance. An experimental validation is carried out by performing this set of experiments with two compounds, namely β l-Glutamic acid and γ d-Mannitol, thus assessing the suitability of this method for a comprehensive characterization of the process and its outcome. The information collected at the end of the different stages throughout all the experiments is further exploited to estimate the growth rates of γ d-Mannitol, in order to validate the observations made through simulations regarding the effect of growth kinetics on the process outcome. Finally, the model, fitted to the experimental evidence collected, has been used to further investigate and characterize the design space. Keywords: Population balance equation, Crystallization, Process characterization, Process modeling, Particle morphology, Process design
Molecular Breeding of Transgenic Rice Plants Expressing a Bacterial Chlorocatechol Dioxygenase Gene (2002)

The cbnA gene encoding the chlorocatechol dioxygenase gene from Ralstonia eutropha NH9 was introduced into rice plants. The cbnA gene was expressed in transgenic rice plants under the control of a modified cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter. Western blot analysis using anti-CbnA protein indicated that the cbnA gene was expressed in leaf tissue, roots, culms, and seeds. Transgenic rice calluses expressing the cbnA gene converted 3-chlorocatechol to 2-chloromucote efficiently. Growth and morphology of the transgenic rice plants expressing the cbnA gene were not distinguished from those of control rice plants harboring only a Ti binary vector. It is thus possible to breed transgenic plants that degrade chloroaromatic compounds in soil and surface water.