gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Automatic Construction of Hardware Traffic Validators (2022)

This paper describes a fully automated process that creates a custom hardware traffic validator directly from a formal grammar and deploys it within a specialized network security appliance. The appliance appears as a hidden, all-hardware “bump-in-the-wire” that can be inserted within any network segment; it stores and validates messages on-the-fly, and either forwards or drops individual packets in real-time. Consequently, it serves to disrupt and mitigate stealthy remote attacks that leverage zero-day exploits and persistent implants. Allowed traffic, files, and mission payload formats are specified formally using a standard Look-Ahead, Left-to-Right (LALR) grammar that operates on ASCII and/or binary data. The grammars can be expressed either in Backus-Naur Form (BNF), used by industry standard tools such as Bison, or through state-of-the-art combinators, such as Hammer, under development within the DARPA SafeDocs program. Bison and Hammer compiler tools are used to generate standard shift/reduce parsing tables. These tables are post-processed to improve their compactness and practical viability. The optimized tables are then combined with a generic push-down automaton to form a complete parser. The parser is then automatically transformed into a hardware circuit using High-Level Synthesis (HLS). The result is a composable block of circuitry that can be directly inserted into a generic communications harness embedded within a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) on the network appliance.
Predicting Power Outages Using Graph Neural Networks (2018)

Power outages have a major impact on economic development due to the dependence of (virtually all) productive sectors on electric power. Thus, many resources within the scientific and engineering communities have been employed to improve the efficiency and reliability of power grids. In particular, we consider the problem of predicting power outages based on the current weather conditions. Weather measurements taken by a sensor network naturally fit within the graph signal processing framework since the measurements are related by the relative position of the sensors. We deploy novel graph neural networks to adequately process weather measurements in order to determine the likelihood of a power outage. Tests on weather measurements taken in the region of New York City show a 1.04% error in the prediction.
New insights into the nucleation and growth of PS nodules on silicananoparticles by 3D cryo-electron tomography (2007)

The nucleation and growth of polystyrene (PS) nodules on 170 nm silica seeds under emulsion-polymerization conditions have been investigated for the first time by cryo-electron tomography. 3D arrangements were reconstructed from samples collected at several polymerization times (from 5 to 120 min). Early samples display the presence of small PS nodules bound to silica particles in a random distribution. For longer polymerization times, the number of PS nodules per silica seed decreases leading to octopod-like morphologies. The tomographic method allowed us to measure the contact angle that the growing PS nodules form with the silica bead surface. The average value of 142.4° remains constant over all of the observed period of the polymerization reaction. This contact angle appeared to be one of the key parameters for controlling the morphology of PS-silica biphasic particles.
Cucurbit[7]uril as a Tool in the Green Synthesis of Gold Nanoparticles (2010)

A simple, green, one-pot synthesis of gold nanoparticles was achieved through the reaction of an aqueous mixture of potassium tetrachloroaurate(III) and the macrocycle cucurbit[7]uril in the presence of sodium hydroxide at room temperature without introducing any kind of traditional reducing agents and/or external energy. The as-prepared gold nanoparticles showed catalytic activity for the reduction reaction of 4-nitrophenol in the presence of NaBH(4), which has been established by visual inspection and UV/Vis spectroscopy. This report is the first for the preparation of gold nanoparticles using cucurbit[7]uril in aqueous media through chemical reduction without employing conventional reducing agents and/or external energy.
Development of Microsatellites for Population Genetic Analyses of the Granulate Ambrosia Beetle (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) (2017)

Limited male dispersal and local mating in ambrosia beetles are expected to result in extreme inbreeding and highly structured populations. In this study, we developed microsatellite markers for the granulate ambrosia beetle, Xylosandrus crassiusculus (Motschulsky), for use in future studies into population and family structure of this invasive pest species. We employed de novo next-generation sequencing to generate whole genome shotgun sequences for the characterization of microsatellite loci. Approximately 6% of the 84,024 contigs generated from Hi-Seq Illumina 2x250bp sequencing contained microsatellites with at least four repeats of di-, tri-, tetra-, penta-, and hexamers. Primers were synthesized for 40 microsatellite loci with trimer repeat units. Twenty-four primer pairs yielded consistent PCR products of unique loci and were validated for population genetic application using three sample groups each containing 20 X. crassiusculus individuals from Mississippi. Thirteen loci were found to be polymorphic with up to five alleles per population. The two beetle sample groups from Pearl River County (Poplarville and McNeill) belonged genetically to the same population. The population from Lamar County (Purvis) was genetically distinct, separated by a moderate genetic distance (FST = 0.11) and five unique alleles (with >5% frequency). Consistent with the perceived mating structure (incest of females with flightless males), the populations showed homozygote excess at most loci, as indicated by the coefficients of inbreeding (FIT = 0.45 and FIS = 0.37) and high mean relatedness among individuals (r = 0.15).
Membrane bioreactors for wastewater treatment: the state of the art and new developments (1997)

The combination of membrane separation technology and bioreactors has lead to a new focus on wastewater treatment. The application of membranes has led to very compact wastewater treatment systems with an excellent effluent quality. For concentrated wastewaters, like industrial streams and landfill leachate the membrane bioreactor has been applied at full scale successfully. The relatively high energy requirements have hindered the wide spread application of membrane bioreactors. Using new membrane techniques, like transfer flow modules, creates the possibilities of a more widespread application. This opens possibilities for far going reuse of wastewater, both industrial and municipal, decrease in sludge production and small-footprint bioreactors for less concentrated wastewater streams.
Telomere position effect: regulation of gene expression with progressive telomere shortening over long distances (2014)

While global chromatin conformation studies are emerging, very little is known about the chromatin conformation of human telomeres. Most studies have focused on the role of telomeres as a tumor suppressor mechanism. Here we describe how telomere length regulates gene expression long before telomeres become short enough to produce a DNA damage response (senescence). We directly mapped the interactions adjacent to specific telomere ends using a Hi-C (chromosome capture followed by high-throughput sequencing) technique modified to enrich for specific genomic regions. We demonstrate that chromosome looping brings the telomere close to genes up to 10 Mb away from the telomere when telomeres are long and that the same loci become separated when telomeres are short. Furthermore, expression array analysis reveals that many loci, including noncoding RNAs, may be regulated by telomere length. We report three genes (ISG15 [interferon-stimulated gene 15 kd], DSP [Desmoplakin], and C1S [complement component 1s subcomplement]) located at three different subtelomeric ends (1p, 6p, and 12p) whose expressions are altered with telomere length. Additionally, we confirmed by in situ analysis (3D-FISH [three-dimensional fluorescence in situ hybridization]) that chromosomal looping occurs between the loci of those genes and their respective telomere ends. We term this process TPE-OLD for "telomere position effect over long distances." Our results suggest a potential novel mechanism for how telomere shortening could contribute to aging and disease initiation/progression in human cells long before the induction of a critical DNA damage response.
Investigation of spacer influences in phosphorescent‐emitting nonconjugated PLED systems (2009)

Abstract An assay was introduced to clarify influences on electroluminescent behavior for RGB‐colored phosphorescent terpolymers with N,N ‐Di‐ p ‐tolyl‐aniline as hole‐transporting unit, 2‐(4‐biphenyl)‐5‐(4‐ tert ‐butylphenyl)‐1,3,4‐oxadiazole ( tert ‐BuPBD) as electron‐transporting unit, and different iridium complexes in RGB‐colors as triplet emitting materials. All monomers were attached with spacer moieties to the “para” position of a polystyrene. Polymer light emitting diodes (PLEDs) were built to study the electro‐optical behavior of these materials. The gist was a remarkable influence of hexyl‐spacer units to the PLED performance. For all three colors only very restricted PLED performances were found. In comparison RGB‐terpolymers were synthesized with directly attached charge transport materials to the polymer backbone. For this directly linked systems efficiencies were 28 cd A −1 @ 6 V (green), 4.9 cd A −1 @ 5 V (red) and 4.3 cd A −1 @ 6 V (bluish). In summary we assume that an improved charge percolation pathways regarding to the higher content of semiconducting molecules and an improved charge transfer to the phosphorescent dopand in the case of the copolymers without spacers are responsible for the better device performance comparing the copolymers with hexyl spacers. The approach of the directly connected charge transport materials at the nonconjugated styrene polymer backbone should be favored for further investigations, therefore. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 48: 389–402, 2010
<title>Interference Film Microscopy For Metal Phase Identification</title> (1983)

Constituents in metal alloys and rocks may be seen as different colours using interference film microscopy. The thin films which produce the interfeference colours may be deposited either by vacuum evaporation or reactive sputtering . Tne technique is used in a wide range of investigatons which require identification of phases quickly and easily, e.g. in nickel-base superalloys and hard metals. The theory, techniques for optimising the performance and a method of quantifying the results by microspectrophotometry will be discussed and a case study presented.
Circulating mitochondrial DNA and Toll-like receptor 9 are associated with vascular dysfunction in spontaneously hypertensive rats (2015)

Circulating mtDNA and impaired deoxyribonuclease activity may lead to the activation of the innate immune system, via TLR9, and contribute to elevated arterial pressure and vascular dysfunction in SHR.
Rugate filters fabricated by a radio frequency magnetron sputtering system by use of an optical in situ monitoring technique (2006)

We propose, for the first time to our knowledge, a new feedback fabrication technique for rugate filters with sinusoidal refractive index distribution. The technique uses an in situ optical monitoring system, in contrast to conventional techniques for rugate filters that are based on time control, which is generally unsuitable for accurate fabrication of a continuous index distribution. We employed a-SiOx:H thin film as the material for the rugate filters because its refractive index can be successively controlled. Using the proposed technique and material, we fabricated near-infrared rugate minus filters having multiple and continuous refractive index distributions. The experimental and calculated spectra were well correlated as a result of applying the proposed feedback fabrication technique.
A Click Chemistry Strategy for the Synthesis of Efficient Photoinitiators for Two‐Photon Polymerization (2020)

Abstract It is reported that efficient photoinitiators, suitable for two‐photon polymerization, can be obtained using the copper catalyzed azide/alkyne cycloaddition reaction. This click chemistry strategy provides a modular approach to the assembly of photoinitiators that enables the rapid variation of key fragments to produce photoinitiators with desirable properties. To assess the performance of the first‐in‐class photoinitiators generated by this approach, a screening method is developed to enable the rapid determination of polymerization and damage thresholds in numerous photoresists during two‐photon polymerization. The degree of consumption of vinyl groups (DC) and homogeneity of the polymerization are further assessed by micro‐Raman spectroscopy. Finally, more complex structures are fabricated to demonstrate that the efficient two‐photon polymerization of stable 3D microarchitectures can be achieved using triazole‐based photoinitiators.
The Contribution of the Perichondrium to the Structural Mechanical Behavior of the Costal-Cartilage (2010)

The costal-cartilage in the human ribcage is a composite structure consisting of a cartilage substance surrounded by a fibrous, tendon-like perichondrium. Current computational models of the human ribcage represent the costal-cartilage as a homogeneous material, with no consideration for the mechanical contributions of the perichondrium. This study sought to investigate the role of the perichondrium in the structural mechanical behavior of the costal-cartilage. Twenty-two specimens of postmortem human costal-cartilage were subjected to cantilevered-like loading both with the perichondrium intact and with the perichondrium removed. The test method was chosen to approximate the cartilage loading that occurs when a concentrated, posteriorly directed load is applied to the midsternum. The removal of the perichondrium resulted in a statistically significant (two-tailed Student's t-test, p< or =0.05) decrease of approximately 47% (95% C.I. of 35-58%) in the peak anterior-posterior reaction forces generated during the tests. When tested with the perichondrium removed, the specimens also exhibited failure in the cartilage substance in the regions that experienced tension from bending. These results suggest that the perichondrium does contribute significantly to the stiffness and strength of the costal-cartilage structure under this type loading, and should be accounted for in computational models of the thorax and ribcage.
Fluctuations in polarized fluorescence: evidence that muscle cross bridges rotate repetitively during contraction. (1979)

Particular thiols of the myosin subfragment 1 moieties of single glycerinated muscle fibers are covalently labeled with rhodamine. By using appropriate solutions such fibers can be relaxed, be in rigor, or develop active isometric tension. The rhodamine is excited by polarized 514.5-nm laser light; the greater than 580-nm fluorescence is resolved into orthogonal components and the intensity of each is measured by a computer-interfaced photon counting system. Fluctuations over-and-above noise appear in steady-state activity but not in relaxation or rigor and not when the fluorophore is actin-attached instead of myosin-attached. Fluctuations also appear in ratios of polarized intensities--quantities sensitive to fluorophore attitude but not to fluorophore number. The fluctuations are dominated by low (approximately 2 Hz) frequencies similar to separately measured ATPase frequencies. The fluctuations are ascribed to repetitive motion of the cross bridges to which the rhodamine is attached.
Supplementary Figure from Melanoma-Secreted Amyloid Beta Suppresses Neuroinflammation and Promotes Brain Metastasis (2023)

Supplementary Figure from Melanoma-Secreted Amyloid Beta Suppresses Neuroinflammation and Promotes Brain Metastasis
Regional Distribution of Farm-Level Impacts from Acreage Set-Asides, The (2000)

The question of whether the United States should once again authorize acreage set-asides will be addressed now that Congress has decided to hold hearings about a possible early rewrite of farm policy. Questions about the impact of acreage set-asides on farm income and national policy goals will need to be answered. This paper takes an initial look at three pertinent questions: (1) What impact will acreage set-asides have on the prices of corn, soybeans, and wheat? (2) What would be the differential farm-level impacts of set-asides across regions? And (3) How might acreage controls work with existing marketing loans?
Paradoxes of Preferential Voting (1983)

What can go wrong with sophisticated voting systems designed to remedy problems of simpler systems.
Modeling of Circular Spiral Inductors for MMICs (1987)

A computer model for planar circular spiral inductors considering the distributed nature, the substrate backside metallization and the metallization thickness is presented. The inductance of the structure is calculated using a rigorous evaluation of the two-dimensional inductance integral. The influence of the substrate backside metallization is considered by introducing a mirror coil and all capacitive effects are calculated from high accurscy, frequency dependent formulas for coupled microstrip lines. The theoretical results are discussed and compared to measurements with MIC inductors on dielectric substrate and MMIC inductors on GaAs.
Characterization of bovine prothrombin mRNA and its translation product (1984)

Prothrombin mRNA has been enriched 20-60-fold by using specific immunoadsorption of bovine liver polysomes. The enriched mRNA was translated in a cell-free protein synthesizing system derived from rabbit reticulocytes, and the radiolabeled translation product was isolated by immunoprecipitation and sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The radiolabeled prothrombin synthesized in the cell-free system was then subjected to automated Edman degradation and shown to contain a leader sequence of at least 30 residues that was rich in leucine, phenylalanine, and alanine. In order to fully characterize the leader sequence for prothrombin, a bovine liver cDNA library was constructed containing DNA inserts of over 1000 base pairs. Two cDNA clones coding for bovine prothrombin were isolated from the library and their nucleotide sequences determined. A leader sequence of 43 amino acids was predicted from the sequence of the cDNA, and the first 30 residues were in agreement with the partial sequence obtained by the cell-free protein synthesizing system. From the amino acid sequence of the leader sequence, it is proposed that bovine prothrombin is synthesized with a prepro leader sequence starting with a methionine residue at position -43. The amino acid sequence of the mature prothrombin molecule circulating in plasma was also predicted from the cDNA and shown to be in good agreement with that determined previously by conventional amino acid sequence analysis.
Prediction of the Effective Area in Structured Packings by Computational Fluid Dynamics (2011)

Careful examination of the correlations for the effective interfacial area of the structured packed columns in the literature reveals considerable discrepancies in the estimated areas and the associated gas velocities. In this study, a volume of fluid multiphase-flow model for two adjacent sheets of a Gempak 2A structured packing was used to investigate the effect of gas and liquid velocities on the effective area of the packing sheets. The three-dimensional computational fluid dynamic (CFD) results showed that the gas and liquid flow rates play significant roles in the effective interfacial area of the packed bed. In particular, the effective area increases as the flow rates of both phases increase. The simulation results were compared with the existing correlations for the effective area, and it was found that the Brunazzi model exhibits good agreement with the CFD results in comparison with the existing correlations. Using the CFD model, the minimum flow rate 109.8 m3/m2·h for which the entire surface covered by the liquid phase was determined. The simulation results showed that the CFD can be used as an effective tool to provide information on the details of the gas and liquid flows in complex packing geometries.
Structural Dependence of Protic Ionic Liquids on Surface, Optical, and Transport Properties (2015)

We report a systematic study to understand the structural dependence of protic ionic liquids, having ammonium or hydroxylammonium as cation and carboxylate as anion, on surface, optical, and transport properties. Experimental measurements of surface tension, refractive index, and electrical conductivity were investigated in the temperature range from (293.15 to 333.15) K at atmospheric pressure to understand the effect of the hydroxyl group on the cationic part and alky chain length and inclusion of highly electronegative fluorine atoms on the anionic part of studied protic ionic liquids. Further, surface entropy, surface energy, critical temperature, parachor, molar refraction, electronic polarizability, thermo-optic coefficient, and free volume were estimated from experimental values. Experimental electrical conductivity data were correlated using the Vogel–Tammann–Fulcher equation. The ionicity was assessed on the basis of the fractional Walden rule, and it was found that the studied protic ionic liquids fall below the ideal line. Upon hydroxyl group functionalization on the cationic chain length, the surface tension and refractive index of ionic liquids increase significantly, whereas the electrical conductivity decreases over the nonfunctionalized ionic liquid counterpart. Moreover, experimental and calculated results were explained to understand the effect of temperature and moiety of ionic liquid on studied thermophysical properties.
That Elusive Hum (2002)

This article highlights about modern power turbines that have the highest operating efficiencies. These turbines turn out the fewest pollutants among major combustion energy converting devices. In addition, they are attractive because of low capital costs required to bring new systems online. As a result, gas turbines have become the dominant technology for new power generating capacity in the United States and worldwide. Experimentalists have developed new diagnostic tools for making pertinent measurements in the unsteady, harsh combustor environment. In addition, computational advances in simulating these unsteady flows are providing a more complete picture of the relationships among the myriad of unsteady flow processes and flame propagation. The accuracy of simplified, physics-based models that can be used for design-level decisions is improving. Combustion dynamics remains a challenging problem, but the large efforts at university, industry, and government labs advance our understanding and bring us closer to dealing with the problem.