gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Integrative Expression of Glucoamylase Gene in a Brewer’s Yeast Saccharomyces pastorianus Strain (2008)

Summary The recombinant brewer’s yeast Saccharomyces pastorianus strain was constructed by introducing the ilv2::GLA fragment released from pMGI6, carrying glucoamylase gene (GLA) and using the yeast a-acetolactate synthase gene (ILV2) as the recombination sequence. The strain was able to utilise starch as the sole carbon source, its glucoamylase activity was 6.3 U/mL and its a-acetolactate synthase activity was lowered by 33.3 %. The introduced GLA gene was integrated at the recipient genomic ILV2 gene, one copy of ILV2 gene was disrupted and the other copy remained intact. Primary wort fermentation test confirmed that the diacetyl and residual sugar concentration in the wort fermented by the recombinant strain were reduced by 65.6 and 34.2 % respectively, compared to that of the recipient strain. Under industrial operating conditions, the maturation time of beer fermented by the recombinant strain was reduced from 7 to 4 days, there were no significant differences in the appearance and mouthfeel, and the beer satisfied the high quality demands. That is why the strain could be used in beer production safely.
Facile and Scalable Route for Highly Efficient Enrichment of Semiconducting Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes (2009)

Purely semiconducting single-walled carbon nanotubes (s-SWNTs) with a narrow diameter distribution have been produced for HiPco SWNTs. A facile technique combining microwave irradiation with mixed-acid-assisted dispersion has proven efficient for enrichment of s-SWNTs. Using this process, both electronic type-dependent (metallic versus semiconducting) and diameter-dependent separation of SWNTs were simultaneously realized. By mildly controlling experimental conditions, metallic single-walled carbon nanotubes (m-SWNTs) and smaller s-SWNTs were preferentially removed, yielding purely diameter distribution-narrowed semiconducting nanotubes. Furthermore, the chemical structure of carbon nanotubes was restored after thermal annealing, as indicated by Raman and UV absorption investigations. The dual effects of semiconducting enrichment and diameter distribution narrowing, along with facile procedures, make this method promising for large-scale separation of SWNTs and therefore for industrial fabrication of nanotube-based electronics.
Substituent Effects That Control Conjugated Oligomer Conformation through Non-covalent Interactions (2017)

Although understanding the conformations and arrangements of conjugated materials as solids is key to their prospective applications, predictive power over these structural factors remains elusive. In this work, substituent effects tune non-covalent interactions between side-chain fluorinated benzyl esters and main-chain terminal arenes, in turn controlling the conformations and interchromophore aggregation of three-ring phenylene-ethynylenes (PEs). Cofacial fluoroarene-arene (ArF-ArH) interactions cause twisting in the PE backbone, interrupting intramolecular conjugation as well as blocking chromophore aggregation, both of which prevent the typically observed bathochromic shift observed upon transitioning PEs from solution to solid. This work highlights two structural factors that determine whether the ArF-ArH interactions, and the resulting twisted, unaggregated chromophores, occur in these solids: (i) the electron-releasing characteristic of substituents on ArH, with more electron-releasing character favoring ArF-ArH interactions, and (ii) the fluorination pattern of the ArF ring, with 2,3,4,5,6-pentafluorophenyl favoring ArF-ArH interactions over 2,4,6-trifluorophenyl. These trends indicate that considerations of electrostatic complementarity, whether through a polar-π or substituent-substituent mechanism, can serve as an effective design principle in controlling the interaction strengths, and therefore the optoelectronic properties, of these molecules as solids.
Unraveling the atomic structure of Ge-rich sulfide glasses (2013)

In contrast to the well-established structure of glassy GeS2, consisting of corner- and edge-sharing GeS(4/2) tetrahedra, the structural features of Ge-rich sulfide alloys remain essentially unknown. Two contrasting points of view: (1) a tetrahedral model, and (2) a distorted NaCl approach were neither confirmed nor excluded mostly because of missing advanced structural studies. Using high-energy X-ray scattering and neutron diffraction, we show the complexity of the short and intermediate range order in Ge(x)S(1-x) glasses, ⅓ ≤ x ≤ 0.47, formed by corner- and edge-sharing tetrahedra with two-fold coordinated sulfur species and a variable number of Ge-Ge bonds, and Ge-S units with three-fold coordinated sulfur at x ≥ 0.36.
Coordinate Scheduling Approach of Integrating Transmission Grid with Distribution Grid Including Intermittent Energy Resources (2018)

Large scale application of intermittent energy resources in power grid has been resulting in significant impacts on power flow, voltage profile and system stability. In this paper, a novel coordinate scheduling approach in multi time scales is proposed. The approach handles problems in both integrated transmission grid with distribution grid. On one hand, it gradually mitigates adverse effects caused by the uncertain output power of intermittent energy resources through hierarchical coordination and stepwise refinement in muti time scales. On the other hand, it makes full use of flexible and available power scheduling resources in both transmission grid and distribution grid to achieve the goal of economical and secure operation adaptive to high penetration of intermittent energy resources. Finally, a study case is established to demonstrate the advantages taken by the approach on intermittent energy resources accommodation and system stability margin improvement.
Understanding the Effects of Local Structures on TIVA Profiles Using Thermal Modeling and Simulation (2010)

Abstract Thermally-induced voltage alteration (TIVA) is a laser-based method for localizing interconnect defects in ICs. Its main limitation is that the laser must heat the defect and change its resistance sufficiently to produce a measurable voltage alteration. Anything that interferes with laser absorption or alters defect heating makes TIVA less effective. This article presents the results of a study on the effects of local structures on TIVA imaging. The authors selected a polysilicon-metal test structure as the focal point of their study, which entailed experimental investigation along with modeling and simulation. It was found that the TIVA profiles on this structure are strongly influenced by local geometry, particularly the variation of interlevel silicon dioxide thickness and the placement of polysilicon lines with respect to aluminum lines. Understanding such relationships is essential for locating defects using TIVA techniques.
ChemInform Abstract: ONE‐STEP SYNTHESES OF HYPOXANTHINES FROM 2‐CYANO‐2‐PHENYLAZOACETAMIDES (1976)

Abstract Durch katalytische Reduktion der 2‐Cyan‐2‐phenylazo‐acetamide (I) und (III) mit Wasserstoff in Ammoniak/Formamid bei erhöhter Temperatur entstehen in guten Ausbeuten die Hypoxanthine (II) bzw. (IV).
Conclusion and Outlook (2021)

As changes in EM education occur, rather than hold to specific practices, it can be valuable to focus on guiding principles. These include developing teaching styles in consonance with modern learning styles of students, nurturing future leaders in the field, and promoting the subject and its practice by effective use of professional societies. To extend the impact of the ideas in this book, additional materials are archived in the IEEE Antennas and Propagation Resource Center at https://resourcecenter.ieeeaps.org/. The page https://www.ieeeaps.org/education/educational-resource provides information on how to contribute to the Resource Center.
Mechanisms Underlying the Ameliorative Property of Lisinopril in Progressive Mesangioproliferative Nephritis (2002)

The present study was performed to clarify the mechanism underlying the beneficial effects of lisinopril on chronic glomerulonephritis. Chronic glomerulonephritis was induced by a single injection of E30 monoclonal antibody (E30) recognizing Thy-1.1 antigen to unilaterally nephrectomized rats. E30 injection resulted in persistent massive proteinuria with a decrease in anionic charge sites on the glomerular basement membrane (GBM) at 8 weeks. Also, renal tissue from rats treated with E30 showed typical glomerulosclerosis and tubulointerstitial fibrosis. Lisinopril exerted a potent antiproteinuric effect and suppressed the progression of both glomerulosclerosis and tubulointerstitial fibrosis. Lisinopril recovered the reduced number of anionic charge sites on GBM, accounting for the positive action against massive proteinuria. Immunostaining for desmin revealed that lisinopril treatment prevented the injury of glomerular epithelial cells (GECs) occurring in the chronic nephritic stage. Also, the level of gene expression of transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) in the renal cortex were reduced, suggesting that lisinopril improved extracellular matrix (ECM) metabolism. These results indicated that proteinuria in Thy-1.1 antibody-induced chronic nephritis is associated with a decrease in anionic charge sites on GBM, and that the antiproteinuric effect of lisinopril is attributable to protection against GEC damage. Suppression of TGF-beta and PAI-1 expression contributed to the preventive effect of lisinopril on ECM deposition in renal tissue.
Distortion-suppressed sampling rate enhancement in phase-OTDR vibration sensing with newly designed FDM pulse sequence for correctly monitoring various waveforms (2020)

The FDM-based sampling rate enhancement method proposed herein detects vibration waveforms more accurately than previous methods while reducing phase unwrapping failures; it can measure vibrations with larger amplitude and higher frequency than heretofore.
Insights into Selectivity from Rationally Designed Inhibitors of G protein‐coupled Receptor Kinase 2 (2013)

No small molecule inhibitors selective for G protein‐coupled receptor kinase 2 (GRK2), a validated target for the treatment of heart failure, have advanced to clinical trials. Through the development of a high throughput GRK2‐RNA displacement assay, over 500,000 potential inhibitors have been evaluated. One potential inhibitor of GRK2 of particular interest is the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor paroxetine. We have shown that paroxetine is capable of inhibiting GRK2 with up to 50‐fold selectivity over other GRKs and mediates increases in contractility in both isolated cardiomyocytes and whole animal studies. Analyses of additional compounds have contributed to the development a structure activity relationship model for compounds based on the paroxetine scaffold. A crystal structure of GRK2 in complex with paroxetine has been used to rationally design derivatives of paroxetine, which effectively decouples the SSRI and kinase inhibition functions of paroxetine without major changes to the scaffold. A newly obtained crystal structure of GRK2 in complex with a paroxetine derivative confirms the feasibility of rational design with the GRK2·paroxetine scaffold. Additional kinetic characterization of derivatives of paroxetine and newly obtained crystallographic complexes containing inhibitors suggest the underlying molecular mechanisms of inhibitor selectivity among AGC family protein kinases.
How Gold Particles Suppress Concentration Quenching of Fluorophores Encapsulated in Silica Beads (2009)

Increasing the luminescence of silica particles encapsulating fluorescein by increasing fluorescein concentration is a promising strategy which is unfortunately limited by the phenomenon of self-quenching. In this paper, we demonstrate that this quenching can be almost entirely suppressed by the presence of gold inclusions within silica. Precisely, in core(gold)/shell(polysiloxane) particles incorporating fluorescein molecules, the quantum yield attains 80% of that of isolated fluorescein for an interdye distance of 3 nm whereas it is less than 15% in the absence of gold. From systematic measurements of quantum yield and lifetime, we proved that, contrary to all literature expectations, the reduction of self-quenching does not originate from the enhancement of the radiative decay rate but from a dramatic decrease of the nonradiative one: the presence of metal inclusions impeding energy transfers to fluorescein H-type dimers that act as traps for light.
Insulator Base Pairs for Lighting‐up Perylenediimide in a DNA Duplex (2010)

Quenched: Perylenediimide (PDI) is highly quenched by nucleobases, which greatly restricts its application as a fluorescent probe. Here, we propose "insulator base pairs" tethering cyclohexane ring through D-threoninol. When "insulator base pairs" were inserted between PDI and nucleobases, the quantum yield of PDI drastically increased several thousand-fold. The "insulator base pairs" reported here also have the potential to increase the quantum yields of other fluorophores.
Preemptive Spinal Cord Stimulation Reduces Ischemia in an Animal Model of Vasospasm (1995)

Spinal cord stimulation (SCS) has been increasingly used in the treatment of ischemia caused by obliterative diseases in the extremities and in the cardiac circulation. The most promising effects have been obtained when physicians suspect that a major vasospastic component underlies the ischemic symptoms (e.g., as in Raynaud's disease). Despite the clinical success of this treatment method, little is known about the mechanisms underlying the pain relief it produces and its anti-ischemic effects. Most earlier experimental studies have used normal animals or animals with cerebral vasospasm induced by injection of autologal blood into the cerebrospinal fluid space. In the present study, we applied SCS in a rat model via implanted electrodes to study the effect of preemptive stimulation on the ischemia caused by vasospasm in a neurovascular flap in the groin; the vasospasm was induced by mechanical pressure applied to the feeding artery. In rats treated with SCS, delivered with parameters similar to those used clinically, the percentage of flaps recovering normal microcirculation after the spasm was significantly higher than in the untreated control group (100 and 28%, respectively; P < 0.05), and the maximal blood flow after the ischemic episode was significantly higher in the SCS group than in the control group (127 and 51 arbitrary units, respectively; P < 0.05). The percentage of animals regaining the premanipulation circulation after the provocation of a second spasm was also greater in the SCS-treated group than in the control animals (50 and 14%, respectively; P < 0.05). Pilot studies showed that this protective effect was specific to SCS given before spasm induction, an observation corroborated by clinical experiences.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Reductive catalytic fractionation of wheat straw biomass (2022)

Reductive catalytic fractionation (RCF) is a promising method for the development of so-called “lignin-first” biorefineries. Apart from the widely investigated virgin woody biomass, it is essential to explore the potential of waste biomass feedstocks. Herein, the RCF of wheat straw is examined, to produce lignin mono-/oligomers along with a processable carbohydrate pulp. The use of different catalysts (Ru/C and Ru/Al2O3) and catalyst loadings (0 – 20% w/wbiomass) revealed the superior performance of Ru/C, which resulted in the largest yield of phenolic monomers (up to ~25 wt% of initial acid insoluble lignin) and in the lowest formation of high-molecular weight fragments in the extracted lignin oil. Furthermore, the operating temperature was shown to substantially affect both lignin extraction-depolymerization and polysaccharides preservation-processability. For a reaction time of 3 hours, an increase of the temperature from 200 to 250 °C resulted in a > 2-fold boost of the yields of lignin oil and monophenolics, while the recovery of polysaccharides decreased by about 30 wt% (with ~20% lower enzymatic digestibility). An economic assessment highlighted that the high-temperature treatment becomes the most profitable configuration as the market price of lignin products increases. Overall, this work provides insight into the adoption of RCF for the upgrading of lignocellulose from inexpensive and widely available wheat straw biomass.
A metal free domino synthesis of 3-aroylindoles via two sp3C–H activation (2014)

A metal free synthesis of 3-aroylindole involving two sp(3) C-H activation has been achieved starting from o-alkynyl-N,N-dialkylamines using catalyst TBAI and oxidant TBHP.
Effects of CSE and LPS alone or in combination on STAT3 phosphorylation in A549 cells. (2015)

&lt;p&gt;Serum-starved A549 cells were stimulated with serum free medium alone (control), LPS 0.1 µg/ml, CSE 4% or CSE 4% and LPS 0.1 µg/ml for 5, 15, 30 or 60 min. Total cell lysates were immunoblotted with antibodies specific for phospho STAT3 and total STAT3. Data are expressed as means ± SEM of 3 independent experiments.* p&lt;0.05 compared to control; α p&lt;0.05 compared to LPS 0.1 µg/ml.&lt;/p&gt;
Robust Lyapunov controller for uncertain systems (2017)

Various examples of systems and methods are provided for Lyapunov control for uncertain systems. In one example, a system includes a process plant and a robust Lyapunov controller configured to control an input of the process plant. The robust Lyapunov controller includes an inner closed loop Lyapunov controller and an outer closed loop error stabilizer. In another example, a method includes monitoring a system output of a process plant; generating an estimated system control input based upon a defined output reference; generating a system control input using the estimated system control input and a compensation term; and adjusting the process plant based upon the system control input to force the system output to track the defined output reference. An inner closed loop Lyapunov controller can generate the estimated system control input and an outer closed loop error stabilizer can generate the system control input.
Modeling the Kinetics of Heat Inactivation of Trypsin Inhibitors during Steam-Infusion Cooking of Soymilk (1980)

ABSTRACT THE effect of heat on trypsin inhibitor (TI) activity during steam-infusion cooking of soymilk was studied. At 154C only 40 s process time reduced TI to the same level as conventional cooking at 99C for 60 min. Between 99 and 154C the kinetics of TI inactiva-tion followed behavior exemplified by the summation of two first-order reactions. Spline fitting functions effec-tively modeled the data with r2 ranging from 0.984 to 0.999. The heat-labile reaction was attributed to Kunitz inhibitor and the heat-stable reaction, to Bowman-Birk inhibitor. The former accounted for approximately 85 percent of the iriginal TI activity. Arrhenius equation kinetic constants for each reaction were calculated.
Benzodiazepine receptor protein identified and visualized in brain tissue by a photoaffinity label. (1980)

Flunitrazepam, a potent benzodiazepine, reversibly binds to the benzodiazepine receptor with high affinity. When irradiated with UV light, flunitrazepam was irreversibly linked to brain tissue. Incorporation of [3H]flunitrazepam was inhibited by other benzodiazepines with a potency corresponding to their affinity for the benzodiazepine receptor. Photolabeling with flunitrazepam reduced the number of benzodiazepine receptors determined by reversible binding of benzodiazepines, whereas the apparent affinity of the remaining receptors was unchanged. Half-maximal incorporation of flunitrazepam occurred at a concentration similar to the apparent dissociation constant of flunitrazepam. Thus, flunitrazepam appears to be a photoaffinity label for the benzodiazepine receptor. The receptor component photolabeled with flunitrazepam was a protein of molecular weight 50,000. Its location in cerebral and cerebellar cortex slices could be visualized by electron microscopic autoradiography. A predominant localization of benzodiazepine receptors in regions of synaptic constants, including those formed by GABAergic neurons (GABA is gamma-aminobutyric acid), was observed.
Differential actions of renal ischemic injury on the intrarenal angiotensin system (2000)

The present study determined the effect of either occlusion of the left renal artery for 60 min (ischemia) or sham operation on angiotensin (ANG) receptors and tissue and urinary levels of ANG peptides between 24 and 72 h recovery in male Sprague-Dawley rats. At 24 h postischemia, urinary concentrations of ANG I and ANG-(1-7) rose by an average of 83 and 64%, respectively (P < 0.05) but had declined to control levels by 72 h. Tissue ANG II rose at 24 h in postischemic kidneys by an average of 63% compared with the contralateral nonischemic kidney (P < 0.05). Whereas the enzymatic activity of angiotensin-converting enzyme and neprilysin was reduced after ischemia, renal renin activity in ischemic kidneys rose by 74% compared with sham-operated kidneys. Receptor autoradiography using (125)I-labeled [Sar(1),Thr(8)]ANG II ((125)I-Sarthran) (0.8 nM) revealed a decreased apparent density of ANG receptors (>80% AT(1)) in ischemic kidneys with a trend for a decrease in the contralateral nonischemic kidneys compared with the kidneys from sham-operated rats. Twenty-four hours after ischemia, ANG II receptors decreased by 68% in glomeruli (P < 0.05), 49% in the outer cortical tubulointerstitial area (P < 0.05), and 48% in the inner cortical-outer medullary area of the vasa recta (P < 0.05). Medullary binding decreased approximately 50% in both the ischemic kidney and the contralateral nonischemic kidney compared with sham. In all regions of the ischemic kidney, receptors recovered by 72 h to levels not different from sham control rats. The marked change in urinary ANG I and ANG-(1-7) at 24 h following occlusion indicates these peptides may be potential urinary markers for acute renal ischemia. The reduction of receptors in vascular and tubular regions of the ischemic kidney provides a mechanism for the loss of vasoconstrictor responses to ANG II following ischemia previously reported by others.
Direct Radical Polymerization of 4-Styryldiphenylphosphine:  Preparation of Cross-Linked and Non-Cross-Linked Triphenylphosphine-Containing Polystyrene Polymers (2003)

We report herein a simple synthesis of 4-styryldiphenylphosphine and the radical copolymerization of it with styrene, both with and without a cross-linker, to directly form cross-linked and non-cross-linked polystyrene supported triphenylphosphine in which the level of phosphine incorporation can be easily and accurately controlled. The utility of these polymers is demonstrated by their use in Mitsunobu and alcohol bromination reactions.
Prediction of Composite Laminate Strength Properties Using a Refined Zigzag Plate Element (2013)

This study presents an approach that uses the refined zigzag element, RZE(exp2,2) in conjunction with progressive failure criteria to predict the ultimate strength of composite laminates based on only ply-level strength properties. The methodology involves four major steps: (1) Determination of accurate stress and strain fields under complex loading conditions using RZE(exp2,2)-based finite element analysis, (2) Determination of failure locations and failure modes using the commonly accepted Hashin's failure criteria, (3) Recursive degradation of the material stiffness, and (4) Non-linear incremental finite element analysis to obtain stress redistribution until global failure. The validity of this approach is established by considering the published test data and predictions for (1) strength of laminates under various off-axis loading, (2) strength of laminates with a hole under compression, and (3) strength of laminates with a hole under tension.