gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
[Choline chloride protects cell membrane and the photosynthetic apparatus in cucumber seedling leaves at low temperature and weak light]. (2006)

Choline chloride 1.07 mmol/L treatment diminished the saturated lipid contents of the fatty acid components mainly the phosphatidylglycerol (PG) resulting in the decrease of the saturation of lipid (Table 1), declined the permeability of cell membrane and the production of MDA from lipid peroxidation (Fig.2) in the cucumber seedling leaves under low temperature and weak light (6 degrees C, PFD 100 micromol m(-2) s(-1)). Furthermore, the choline chloride treatment alleviated the degradation of chlorophyll pigments especially chlorophyll b, the decrease in maximum photochemical efficiency (Fv/Fm), the capture efficiency of excited energy (Fv'/Fm'), the photochemical quenching coefficient (q(p)) and the actual photochemical efficiency (Phi PSII) of PSII (Table 2, Fig.3A, B & C), and decreases in activity of antioxidant enzymes such as POD, APX and CAT (Fig.4) in chilled leaves under weak light. In addition, choline chloride treatment increased the non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) (Fig.3D) and the proline content (Fig.5) in chilled leaves under weak light. The above results indicate that choline chloride protected the cell membrane and the photosynthetic apparatus in cucumber seedling leaves from chilling stress in weak light.
Towards tumour targeting with copper-radiolabelled macrocycle–antibody conjugates (1989)

Tetra-aza-macrocycles covalently attached to a monoclonal antibody may be efficiently radiolabelled with 64Cu or 67Cu at pH 4, minimising non-specific binding to the protein, giving a kinetically stable conjugate in vivo.
Rare presentation and wide intrafamilial variability of Fabry disease: case report and review of the literature (2019)

Fabry disease (FD) is an X-linked genetic disease caused by mutations in the GLA gene, which encodes α-galactosidase A, leading to an intralysosomal accumulation of globotriaosilceramide (Gb3) in a wide variety of cells. Thus, FD usually presents with multiorgan damage: cardiac (hypertrophic cardiomyopathy), renal (chronic kidney disease, proteinuria), neurological (stroke, acroparesthesia), cutaneous (angiokeratoma), and ophthalmic (cornea verticillate) (1). Although FD is X-linked, women with specific mutations are not only carriers, as it was previously expected, but most of them develop manifestations somewhat later in life than men (2, 3), due to a mosaic inactivation of the X chromosome. It is of the utmost importance to follow the FD diagnosis with a complete family screening, which can lead to timely diagnosis in other family members.

The present case report demonstrates how following the red flags of clinical suspicion for FD can lead to a correct final diagnosis in the index patient, even in case of a rare phenotypic presentation, while also highlighting the large intrafamilial variability of systemic FD manifestations.
Suspected COVID-19 Reinfections at a Tertiary Care Center, Iowa 2020 (2021)

Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). SARS-CoV-2 RNA can be detected by real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for several weeks after infection. Discerning persistent RT-PCR positivity versus reinfection is challenging and the frequency of COVID-19 reinfections is unknown. We aimed to determine the frequency of clinically suspected reinfection in our center and confirm reinfection using viral whole-genome sequencing (WGS). Methods: The University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics (UIHC) is an 811-bed academic medical center. Patients with respiratory complaints undergo COVID-19 RT-PCR using nasopharyngeal swabs. The RT-PCR (TaqPath COVID-19 Combo kit) uses 3 targets (ORF1ab, S gene, and N gene). We identified patients with previous laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 who sought care for new respiratory complaints and underwent a repeated SARS-CoV-2 test at least 45 days from their first positive test. We then identified patients with median RT-PCR cycle threshold (Ct) values. Results: During the study period, 13,603 patients had a SARS-CoV-2– positive RT-PCR. Of these, 296 (2.2%) had a clinical visit for new onset of symptoms and a repeated RT-PCR assay &gt;45 days from the first test. Moreover, 29 patients (9.8%) had a positive RT-PCR assay in the repeated testing. Ct values were available for samples from 25 patients; 7 (28%) had Ct values. Conclusions: In patients with a recent history of COVID-19 infection, repeated testing for respiratory symptoms was infrequent. Some had a SARS-CoV-2–positive RT-PCR assay on repeated testing, but only 1 in 4 had Ct values suggestive of a reinfection. We confirmed 1 case of reinfection using WGS. Funding: No Disclosures: None
Data from Epithelial–Mesenchymal Transition and Stem Cell Markers in Patients with HER2-Positive Metastatic Breast Cancer (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;Currently, there is extensive information about circulating tumor cells (CTC) and their prognostic value; however, little is known about other characteristics of these cells. In this prospective study, we assessed the gene transcripts of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition—inducing transcription factors (EMT-TF) and cancer stem cell (CSC) features in patients with HER2&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt; metastatic breast cancer (MBC). Epithelial cells were enriched from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) using antibody-coated anti-CD326 antibody (CD326&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt;) magnetic beads, and the residual CD326&lt;sup&gt;−&lt;/sup&gt; PBMCs were further depleted of leukocytes using anti-CD45 antibody-coated magnetic beads (CD326&lt;sup&gt;−&lt;/sup&gt;CD45&lt;sup&gt;−&lt;/sup&gt;). RNA was extracted from all cell fractions, reverse transcribed to cDNA, and subjected to quantitative reverse transcription PCR to detect EMT-TFs (&lt;i&gt;TWIST1&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;SNAIL1&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;ZEB1&lt;/i&gt;, and &lt;i&gt;TG2&lt;/i&gt;) as a measure of CTCs undergoing EMT (EMT-CTCs). In addition, PBMCs were analyzed using multiparameter flow cytometry for ALDH activity and CSCs that express CD24, CD44, and CD133. Twenty-eight patients were included in this study. At least one EMT-TF mRNA was elevated in the CTCs of 88.2% of patients and in the CD326&lt;sup&gt;−&lt;/sup&gt;CD45&lt;sup&gt;−&lt;/sup&gt; cell fraction of 60.7% of patients. The CD326&lt;sup&gt;−&lt;/sup&gt;CD45&lt;sup&gt;−&lt;/sup&gt; fraction of patients with elevated &lt;i&gt;SNAIL1&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;ZEB1&lt;/i&gt; transcripts also had a higher percentage of ALDH&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt;/CD133&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt; cells in their blood than did patients with normal &lt;i&gt;SNAIL1&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;ZEB1&lt;/i&gt; expression (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; = 0.038). Our data indicate that patients with HER2&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt; MBCs have EMT-CTCs. Moreover, an enrichment of CSCs was found in CD326&lt;sup&gt;−&lt;/sup&gt;CD45&lt;sup&gt;−&lt;/sup&gt; cells. Additional studies are needed to determine whether EMT-CTCs and CSCs have prognostic value in patients with HER2&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt; MBCs treated with trastuzumab-based therapy. &lt;i&gt;Mol Cancer Ther; 11(11); 2526–34. ©2012 AACR&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Application of the Theory of Multicomponent, Multiphase Displacement to Three-Component, Two-Phase Surfactant Flooding (1981)

Abstract The theory presented in a companion paper1 is illustrated for the case of three-component, two-phase (i.e., constant-salinity) surfactant flooding. The utility of this method is that, in addition to computation of specific cases, it provides a general qualitative understanding of the displacement behavior for different phase diagrams and different injection compositions. The phase behavior can be classified as to whether the partition coefficient is less than or greater than unity. The injection composition of the slug can be classified as to whether it is aqueous or oleic and whether it is inside or outside the region of tieline extensions. The theory provides an understanding of the displacement mechanisms for the three-component, two-phase system as a function of phase behavior and injection composition. This understanding aids the interpretation of phenomena such as the effects of dispersion, salinity gradient, chromatographic separation, and polymer/surfactant interaction.
Paroxysmal itching in multiple sclerosis: a report of three cases. (1981)

Paroxysmal itching is described in three Japanese women with multiple sclerosis and previously reported cases are discussed. This paroxysmal symptom is rare, but may be the first and only symptom at the onset of multiple sclerosis.
Immune hyporeactivity to bacteria and multiple TLR-ligands, yet no response to checkpoint inhibition in patients just after meeting Sepsis-3 criteria (2022)

Patients first meeting Sepsis-3 criteria reveal 1) depressed responses to multiple TLR-ligands, bacteria, and bacterial LPS, despite concomitant inflammation, but 2) no response to immune checkpoint inhibition.
Correct-and-Memorize: Learning to Translate from Interactive Revisions (2019)

State-of-the-art machine translation models are still not on par with human translators. Previous work takes human interactions into the neural machine translation process to obtain improved results in target languages. However, not all model-translation errors are equal -- some are critical while others are minor. In the meanwhile, the same translation mistakes occur repeatedly in a similar context. To solve both issues, we propose CAMIT, a novel method for translating in an interactive environment. Our proposed method works with critical revision instructions, therefore allows human to correct arbitrary words in model-translated sentences. In addition, CAMIT learns from and softly memorizes revision actions based on the context, alleviating the issue of repeating mistakes. Experiments in both ideal and real interactive translation settings demonstrate that our proposed \method enhances machine translation results significantly while requires fewer revision instructions from human compared to previous methods.
Unusual occurrence of acute low back pain in a patient with ruptured urachal cyst (1998)

observed in the remaining arterial branches of the lower without Scleroderma limbs. The patient had no oesophageal complaints or X-ray abnormalities typical of systemic sclerosis (SSc).
Development of approaches for the engineering of gene expression in the protozoa Leishmania tarentolae (2007)

Um ein hohes Niveau der Überexpression heterologer Proteine in L. tarentolae zu erreichen, bestand der Ansatz in der\nSteigerung der Menge heterologer mRNA. Dies sollte entweder durch eine Reduktion der Abbau- oder eine Steigerung der\nProduktionsrate der mRNA geschehen.\nDie Reduktion der Abbaurate basiert auf dem derzeit aktuellen Modell der Genexpression der Trypanosomatidae, für welche\nangenommen wird, dass die 3´UTR des proteinkodierenden Gens die Stabilität der mRNA bestimmen. Dazu wurden zufällig\nausgewählte Sequenzen aus dem L. tarentolae-Genom auf ihre Eignung als 3´UTR eines proteinkodierenden Gens zu\nfunktionieren überprüft.\nIn einem zweiten Ansatz konnte eine Erhöhung in der mRNA-Produktion durch eine Steigerung der Kopienzahl\ntranskribierter Gene erreicht werden. Zu diesem Zweck wurde der induzierbare L. tarentolae Stamm genutzt. Dazu wurde ein\nartifizielles Episom für induzierbare Proteinexpression konstruiert.
Enantioselective Synthesis and Conformational Analysis of Cyclohexene Carbocyclic Nucleosides (1999)

Abstract An enantioselective approach towards the synthesis of optically pure cyclohexene nucleosides 3 has been developed starting from (R)-carvone. The key steps are the regio- and stereoselective hydroboration of an exo double bond, the selective reduction of an enone intermediate and introduction of a base moiety by Mitsunobu reaction. Conformational analysis showed that the adenine base adopts predominantly in a pseudo-axial position.
Towards the Positronium and Radiolytic Hydrogen Formation Mechanisms in Liquid Hydrocarbons (2012)

Ps and radiolytic hydrogen yields anticorrelate in saturated hydrocarbons when molecular structure changes from a normal to a cyclic form. This fact is explained by much higher mobility of primary radical-cations in cyclic hydrocarbons than in normal ones.
Start‐Up of HT‐PEFC Systems Operating with Diesel and Kerosene for APU Applications (2014)

Abstract Fuel‐cell‐based auxiliary power units offer power generation with reduced fuel consumption and low emissions. A very promising system is the combination of an autothermal reformer with a high‐temperature polymer electrolyte fuel cell. A fast start‐up procedure is a crucial requirement for the use of this system as an auxiliary power unit. This paper reports on the development of a suitable start‐up strategy for a 10 kW el auxiliary power unit with a start‐up burner. A commercially available diesel burner was tested as a start‐up device. A dynamic MATLAB/Simulink model was developed to analyze different start‐up strategies. With the currently available apparatus and start‐up burner it takes 2,260 s before power generation can begin according to simulation results. The fuel processor alone would be ready for operation after 1,000 s. An optimization of the fuel cell stack with regard to its thermal mass would lead to a start‐up time of 720 s. A reduction to 600 s is possible with a slight customization of the start‐up burner.
Mitigating clipping noise in multi-carrier systems (2002)

Multi-carrier signals such as are used in ADSL and VDSL have a higher peak-to-average ratio than single-carrier signals, and therefore, for a given transmit power and maximum output level of a digital-to-analog converter (DAC) the probability of the transmit signal being clipped is higher. This paper describes two methods of mitigating the effects of clipping: one that trades off clipping noise against increased quantizing noise by scaling a potentially clipped signal, and one that filters the clipping noise to reduce its spectral density at low frequencies where the SNR is expected to be higher.
Effect of Seven Fluoroquinolones on the Determination of Serum Creatinine by the Picric Acid and Enzymatic Methods (1993)

Fluoroquinolones do not interfere with the determination of serum creatinine by either the picric acid or enzymatic method.
Antigen Presentation and T-Cell Activation Are Critical for RBP4-Induced Insulin Resistance (2016)

Adipose tissue (AT) inflammation contributes to impaired insulin action, which is a major cause of type 2 diabetes. RBP4 is an adipocyte- and liver-derived protein with an important role in insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome, and AT inflammation. RBP4 elevation causes AT inflammation by activating innate immunity, which elicits an adaptive immune response. RBP4-overexpressing mice (RBP4-Ox) are insulin resistant and glucose intolerant and have increased AT macrophages and T-helper 1 cells. We show that high-fat diet-fed RBP4(-/-) mice have reduced AT inflammation and improved insulin sensitivity versus wild type. We also elucidate the mechanism for RBP4-induced macrophage antigen presentation and subsequent T-cell activation. In RBP4-Ox, AT macrophages display enhanced c-Jun N-terminal kinase, extracellular signal-related kinase, and p38 phosphorylation. Inhibition of these pathways and of NF-κB reduces activation of macrophages and CD4 T cells. MyD88 is an adaptor protein involved in proinflammatory signaling. In macrophages from MyD88(-/-) mice, RBP4 fails to stimulate secretion of tumor necrosis factor, IL-12, and IL-6 and CD4 T-cell activation. In vivo blockade of antigen presentation by treating RBP4-Ox mice with CTLA4-Ig, which blocks costimulation of T cells, is sufficient to reduce AT inflammation and improve insulin resistance. Thus, MyD88 and downstream mitogen-activated protein kinase and NF-κB pathways are necessary for RBP4-induced macrophage antigen presentation and subsequent T-cell activation. Also, blocking antigen presentation with CTLA4-Ig improves RBP4-induced insulin resistance and macrophage-induced T-cell activation.
Multi-scale biomechanical characterization of human liver and spleen (2011)

The purpose of this study is to present a multiscale approach for the biomechanical characterization of the human liver and spleen. A four step approach was taken to quantify the injury mechanism, biomechanical response, and rate dependent constitutive material models for each organ. First, the CIREN and NASS-CDS databases were examined to determine the crash characteristics which result in liver and spleen injuries. From this data, the injury mechanism relative to loading directions and loading rates could be approximated. Second, whole fresh human organs were tested with in 48 hours of death using indenter-style compression tests. Sub-failure tests, up to 20% compression, were performed at multiple loading rates, followed by a failure test. Third, fresh human organs were processed into either dog-bone tension coupons or cylindrical compression coupons and tested within 48 hours of death at multiple strain rates to the point of failure. Fourth, an optimization routine and FEM of the coupons tests was developed to determine the best constitutive model for each organ. The data from this study shows that the response of human liver and spleen is both non-linear and rate dependent. It is anticipated that the data from this research will enhance the understanding of internal organ injuries and provide a foundation for future human internal organs finite element models.
B lymphocytes in inflammatory airway diseases (2010)

B lymphocytes are key players in all facets of adaptive immune responses and are responsible for the production of IgE antibodies, initiators of allergic hypersensitivity reactions. Recent evidence indicates that B cells may be a crucial player in allergic and inflammatory airway pathology, directly populating upper and lower airway tissues. This review examines human and animal studies that directly demonstrated the presence of B lymphocytes in airway tissues and elaborates on their function as antibody-secreting cells, antigen-presenting cells and producers of inflammatory and regulatory cytokines. B lymphocytes appear to contribute to multiple facets of immune homeostasis in inflammatory diseases of the upper and lower airways.
Gigabit-per-second, ECL-compatible I/O interface in 0.35-μm CMOS (1999)

This paper presents high-speed differential input and output (I/O) interface circuits for gigabit-per-second serial data communication. The circuits are implemented in a 3.3-V/0.35-/spl mu/m CMOS process. Signal levels are compatible with industry standards for low-voltage positive emitter-coupled logic (ECL), with the possibility of ac-coupling to standard ECL systems. A differential open-drain circuit with pulsed bias and active pullups offers significantly improved speed performance for a transmitter and creates wide open eye patterns. Combining circuit techniques with the features of a submicrometer technology, the presented I/O blocks enable a full-CMOS chip to communicate with high-speed ECL-compatible systems and ease up a common I/O-related speed bottleneck. The circuits operate at 622 Mb/s (OC-12) and 1.24 Gb/s (OC-24) in a repeater and a retimer configuration. The asynchronous performance of the receiver and the transmitter was tested at rates up to 2.5 Gb/s.
On your marks, rub it in, go…. Topical treatments for musculoskeletal pain (2016)

Musculoskeletal pain may be associated with a wide range of disorders such as ankle sprains, osteoarthritis, muscle pain syndromes and various spine-related neck and low back conditions. This article will be focusing briefly on the musculoskeletal system and the use of topical treatments for musculoskeletal pain.
Development of the INTELSAT-IX satellite system (1997)

This paper describes the design and development of the INTELSAT-IX spacecraft system at Space Systems/Loral. The satellite is a three-axis controlled, multi-frequency communications satellite providing voice, video, and data transmission and distribution services at C- and Ku-bands for the member nations of the INTELSAT organization from specified locations over two ocean areas, Atlantic and Indian. The satellites can be launched on an Ariane 4, Ariane 5, Proton, or Sea Launch vehicle and injected directly into a geosynchronous transfer orbit. The apogee manoeuvre is performed with the on-board bipropellant propulsion system. The INTELSAT-IX satellite consists of two independent cross-strappable communications systems operating at C-band (6/4 GHz) and Ku-band (14/11 GHz). It employs antenna beam shape and polarization control at C-band to achieve up to six times frequency reuse, providing up to 3 GHz operating bandwidth. At Ku-band, it employs two independently steerable spot antennas to achieve two times frequency reuse in that band. (7 pages)
Incidence and Levels of Bacillus cereus in Processed Spices (1976)

Spices purchased by the Army, Navy, Marines, and Air Force were tested for incidence and levels of Bacillus cereus. One hundred and ten processed spices, including bay leaves, red pepper, chili powder, cinnamon, garlic powder, mustard powder, and oregano were tested. Bacillus cereus was found in 53% of the spices and counts ranged from 50 to 8500 per gram. Eighty-nine percent (88/99) of the isolates tested were toxigenic in rabbits, by the vascular permeability assay, and toxigenic B. cereus was found in each kind of spice. These data have significant implications for food safety and sanitation and for fumigation of spices by gas, or irradiation.
[The utility of a classification scale of lumbar pain for the diagnosis of the fibromyalgia syndrome]. (1993)

To help fibromyalgia syndrome's diagnosis, the authors propose the use of Back Pain Classification Scale (BPCS), verbal test for pain analysis, able to distinguish between organic and functional disease. Two-hundred patients suspected for fibromyalgia and forty controls completed the questionnaire and so it was possible correctly to distinguish patients with organic disease from those affected by fibromyalgia. The authors conclude that BPCS can represent a useful tool for fibromyalgia diagnosis.
A spatio-temporal covariance descriptor for person re-identification (2015)

In intelligent video surveillance systems, tracking people in non overlapping camera networks is a major challenge. To deal with the change of illumination, occlusion, change of view, etc., it is essential to seek the most robust object descriptor invariant during changes. By exploiting the performance of covariance descriptor, we propose a spatio-temporal covariance descriptor. This descriptor deals not only one picture as the majority of descriptors, but also considers groups of pictures to implicitly encode the described object motion by the integration of time parameter. The experiments conducted on “CAVIAR4REID” database showed these improvements. The person recognition rate in the first rank is improved by more than 10% compared to other descriptors.