gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Frames of reference in spatial language acquisition (2016)

Languages differ in how they encode spatial frames of reference. It is unknown how children acquire the particular frame-of-reference terms in their language (e.g., left/right, north/south). The present paper uses a word-learning paradigm to investigate 4-year-old English-speaking children's acquisition of such terms. In Part I, with five experiments, we contrasted children's acquisition of novel word pairs meaning left-right and north-south to examine their initial hypotheses and the relative ease of learning the meanings of these terms. Children interpreted ambiguous spatial terms as having environment-based meanings akin to north and south, and they readily learned and generalized north-south meanings. These studies provide the first direct evidence that children invoke geocentric representations in spatial language acquisition. However, the studies leave unanswered how children ultimately acquire "left" and "right." In Part II, with three more experiments, we investigated why children struggle to master body-based frame-of-reference words. Children successfully learned "left" and "right" when the novel words were systematically introduced on their own bodies and extended these words to novel (intrinsic and relative) uses; however, they had difficulty learning to talk about the left and right sides of a doll. This difficulty was paralleled in identifying the left and right sides of the doll in a non-linguistic memory task. In contrast, children had no difficulties learning to label the front and back sides of a doll. These studies begin to paint a detailed account of the acquisition of spatial terms in English, and provide insights into the origins of diverse spatial reference frames in the world's languages.
Concepts, methods and techniques in adaptive control (2002)

This tutorial paper looks back at almost 50 years of adaptive control trying to establish how much more we need to be able to offer the industrial community an adaptive controller which will be used and referred to with the same ease as existing PID controllers. Since the first commercial adaptive controller, significant progress in the design and analysis of these controllers has been achieved. Various forms of adaptive controllers are now readily available targeting a significant range of industries from process to aerospace. A general overview of adaptive control will allow the reader to place on the map several industrial architectures for such controllers, all with the aim of bridging the gap between academic and industrial views of the topic. Such a presentation of design and analysis tools currently opens a more philosophical question "Has the critical mass in adaptive control been reached?".
Advances in Cased-Hole Compressional and Shear Sonic Acquisition and Processing (2010)

Abstract The acquisition of high-quality borehole sonic formation slowness data in cased-hole environments is dependent on cement bond quality. It has generally been considered that when cement bond is poor, cased-hole sonic slowness data quality will also be poor. Additionally, in fast formations, when cement bond is good, casing arrivals can interfere with formation compressional arrivals, and in slow formations the acquisition of high-quality cased-hole dipole shear slowness data can be problematic. The advent of the latest sonic acquisition technology and related interpretation techniques has reduced these formidable challenges. More powerful sonic transmitters, improved receivers, altered transmitter-receiver spacings, and fundamental changes in tool design have meaningfully improved the acoustic signal-to-noise ratio. An improved understanding of cased-hole borehole acoustic modes, the ability to transmit acoustic energies at more optimal frequencies, and the capability to simultaneously acquire cement bond log information have all contributed to improved cased-hole sonic slowness logs. With the latest technology, accurate formation compressional slownesses can now be extracted in previously problematic cased-hole environments that contained either poor cement bond or fast formation slownesses near to the casing arrival. Additionally, dramatic improvements are evident in formation shear slowness acquisition in very slow formations where previous cased-hole technology had been unsuccessful. These developments have a profound impact on drilling operations, seismic velocity modeling, geomechanics, and reservoir characterization. In existing cased wells, the latest sonic technology presents a viable option to acquire critical compressional and shear slowness information. In newly drilled wells, the feasibility of acquiring accurate cased-hole slowness information can reduce the necessity and the inherent risk of an openhole logging run.
Two Papers on RAIDs (1988)

A RAID is a Redundant Array of Inexpensive Disk, a new way to organize small format disk devices to drastically increase I/O bandwidth. &lt;p&gt;In this technical report, we describe the RAID concept, the basic RAID levels, a more detailed analysis of RAID performance on reliability, and our initial prototyping plans
Balancing Communication and Computation in Distributed Optimization (2017)

Methods for distributed optimization have received significant attention in recent years owing to their wide applicability in various domains. A distributed optimization method typically consists of two key components: communication and computation. More specifically, at every iteration (or every several iterations) of a distributed algorithm, each node in the network requires some form of information exchange with its neighboring nodes (communication) and the computation step related to a (sub)-gradient (computation). The standard way of judging an algorithm via only the number of iterations overlooks the complexity associated with each iteration. Moreover, various applications deploying distributed methods may prefer a different composition of communication and computation. Motivated by this discrepancy, in this work we propose an adaptive cost framework which adjusts the cost measure depending on the features of various applications. We present a flexible algorithmic framework, where communication and computation steps are explicitly decomposed to enable algorithm customization for various applications. We apply this framework to the well-known distributed gradient descent (DGD) method, and show that the resulting customized algorithms, which we call DGD$^t$, NEAR-DGD$^t$ and NEAR-DGD$^+$, compare favorably to their base algorithms, both theoretically and empirically. The proposed NEAR-DGD$^+$ algorithm is an exact first-order method where the communication and computation steps are nested, and when the number of communication steps is adaptively increased, the method converges to the optimal solution. We test the performance and illustrate the flexibility of the methods, as well as practical variants, on quadratic functions and classification problems that arise in machine learning, in terms of iterations, gradient evaluations, communications and the proposed cost framework.
Evolutionarily conserved replication timing profiles predict long-range chromatin interactions and distinguish closely related cell types (2010)

To identify evolutionarily conserved features of replication timing and their relationship to epigenetic properties, we profiled replication timing genome-wide in four human embryonic stem cell (hESC) lines, hESC-derived neural precursor cells (NPCs), lymphoblastoid cells, and two human induced pluripotent stem cell lines (hiPSCs), and compared them with related mouse cell types. Results confirm the conservation of coordinately replicated megabase-sized "replication domains" punctuated by origin-suppressed regions. Differentiation-induced replication timing changes in both species occur in 400- to 800-kb units and are similarly coordinated with transcription changes. A surprising degree of cell-type-specific conservation in replication timing was observed across regions of conserved synteny, despite considerable species variation in the alignment of replication timing to isochore GC/LINE-1 content. Notably, hESC replication timing profiles were significantly more aligned to mouse epiblast-derived stem cells (mEpiSCs) than to mouse ESCs. Comparison with epigenetic marks revealed a signature of chromatin modifications at the boundaries of early replicating domains and a remarkably strong link between replication timing and spatial proximity of chromatin as measured by Hi-C analysis. Thus, early and late initiation of replication occurs in spatially separate nuclear compartments, but rarely within the intervening chromatin. Moreover, cell-type-specific conservation of the replication program implies conserved developmental changes in spatial organization of chromatin. Together, our results reveal evolutionarily conserved aspects of developmentally regulated replication programs in mammals, demonstrate the power of replication profiling to distinguish closely related cell types, and strongly support the hypothesis that replication timing domains are spatially compartmentalized structural and functional units of three-dimensional chromosomal architecture.
A radio resource allocation technique using requirements for video transmission (2022)

Various applications have been realized by wireless communications. However, evaluation metrics of wireless communications have not aligned with the requirements for individual applications. This causes a problem that increasing the capacity of wireless communication systems does not directly bring to the realization of applications. To solve the problem, this paper proposes Application Proportional Fairness (APF), which is a radio resource allocation technique using requirements for video transmission. APF improves video throughput that considers the requirements for video transmission. Computer simulation shows APF improves the video throughput compared with Proportional Fairness, which is a conventional resource allocation technique.
TRIAD3/RNF216 mutations associated with Gordon Holmes syndrome lead to synaptic and cognitive impairments via Arc misregulation (2016)

Multiple loss-of-function mutations in TRIAD3 (a.k.a. RNF216) have recently been identified in patients suffering from Gordon Holmes syndrome (GHS), characterized by cognitive decline, dementia, and movement disorders. TRIAD3A is an E3 ubiquitin ligase that recognizes and facilitates the ubiquitination of its target for degradation by the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS). Here, we demonstrate that two of these missense substitutions in TRIAD3 (R660C and R694C) could not regulate the degradation of their neuronal target, activity-regulated cytoskeletal-associated protein (Arc/Arg 3.1), whose expression is critical for synaptic plasticity and memory. The synaptic deficits due to the loss of endogenous TRIAD3A could not be rescued by TRIAD3A harboring GHS-associated missense mutations. Moreover, we demonstrate that the loss of endogenous TRIAD3A in the mouse hippocampal CA1 region led to deficits in spatial learning and memory. Finally, we show that these missense mutations abolished the interaction of TRIAD3A with Arc, disrupting Arc ubiquitination, and consequently Arc degradation. Our current findings of Arc misregulation by TRIAD3A variants suggest that loss-of-function mutations in TRIAD3A may contribute to dementia observed in patients with GHS driven by dysfunctional UPS components, leading to cognitive impairments through the synaptic protein Arc.
Letter: Treatment of shoulder subluxation in the hemiplegic. (1975)

Normal full-term infants require about 100 IU of vitamin D daily to prevent rickets and premature infants about 200 IU.The adult requirements may be so low as to be met by the amount in unfortified foods and exposure to sunlight.2A survey of American children (newborn to 17 years) showed that half ingest 400-800 IU daily; almost 10%, consistently consume over 1000 IU daily.3In contrast, in the past half-century magnesium intakes have fallen, whereas dietary contents of protein, fat, sugar, and calcium have risen.4High intakes of these nutrients, and of vitamin D, increase magnesium requirements and increase susceptibility to magnesium deficit.56Metabolic balance studies indicate that Occidental magnesium intakes are suboptimal.7The cardiovascular and renal lesions of experimental magnesium deficiency and experi- mental hypervitaminosis D are similar, as are those of infantile hypercalcaemia, an out- break of which in England was related to excessive vitamin D-2000-4000 IU daily.68Increased magnesium intakes protect against cardiomyopathy produced by many agents, including excessive vitamin D.59It may be the combination of excesses of most nutrients, with the exception of mag- nesium, that contributes to the high in- cidence of ischaemic heart disease in the industrialized countries.Perhaps the amount of magriesium provided by hard water10 may be sufficient to correct a marginal deficit, thereby contributing to the lower death rates from ischaemic heart disease in hard-water than in soft-water areas.-Iam, etc.,
HIV-1 diversity in France, 1996–1998 (2000)

In France, although B subtype is still predominant, all non-B subtypes are now present. The diversity of HIV strains may affect diagnostic tests and clinical practice, especially viral load measurements. Moreover, the decreased susceptibility of non-B subtypes to antiretroviral drugs emphasizes the importance of surveillance of HIV diversity.
A low power control system for real-time tuning of a hybrid transformer-based receiver (2016)

This paper presents the analysis and hardware implementation of a low-power control system for a frequency-division duplexing 3G receiver with a tunable on-chip duplexer based on a hybrid-transformer. The maximum transmit-receive isolation exceeds 60dB and is limited by the precision of the onchip balancing impedance. An optimization algorithm finds the optimal duplexer tuning condition in less than 100μs and a simple tracking algorithm operating in background preserves this condition over time. The algorithms are implemented in a FPGA and require minimal hardware overhead.
Kaposi's Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus Viral Interferon Regulatory Factor 4 (vIRF4) Targets Expression of Cellular IRF4 and the Myc Gene To Facilitate Lytic Replication (2013)

Besides an essential transcriptional factor for B cell development and function, cellular interferon regulatory factor 4 (c-IRF4) directly regulates expression of the c-Myc gene, which is not only associated with various B cell lymphomas but also required for herpesvirus latency and pathogenesis. Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV), the etiological agent of Kaposi's sarcoma and primary effusion lymphoma, has developed a unique mechanism to deregulate host antiviral innate immunity and growth control by incorporating four viral homologs (vIRF1 to -4) of cellular IRFs into its genome. Previous studies have shown that several KSHV latent proteins, including vIRF3, vFLIP, and LANA, target the expression, function, and stability of c-Myc to establish and maintain viral latency. Here we report that the KSHV vIRF4 lytic protein robustly suppresses expression of c-IRF4 and c-Myc, reshaping host gene expression profiles to facilitate viral lytic replication. Genomewide gene expression analysis revealed that KSHV vIRF4 grossly affects host gene expression by upregulating and downregulating 118 genes and 166 genes, respectively, by at least 2-fold. Remarkably, vIRF4 suppressed c-Myc expression by 11-fold, which was directed primarily by the deregulation of c-IRF4 expression. Real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR), single-molecule in situ hybridization, and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays showed that vIRF4 not only reduces c-IRF4 expression but also competes with c-IRF4 for binding to the specific promoter region of the c-Myc gene, resulting in drastic suppression of c-Myc expression. Consequently, the loss of vIRF4 function in the suppression of c-IRF4 and c-Myc expression ultimately led to a reduction of KSHV lytic replication capacity. These results indicate that the KSHV vIRF4 lytic protein comprehensively targets the expression and function of c-IRF4 to downregulate c-Myc expression, generating a favorable environment for viral lytic replication. Finally, this study further reinforces the important role of the c-Myc gene in KSHV lytic replication and latency.
Shipbuilding and shipbuilding management, 1943-1993: one man's perspective. Discussion. Author's closure (1993)

The overall panorama and a number of individual cases within it are reviewed from the perspective of one whose principal goal and profession over the past five decades has been the optimization of the shipbuilding process and the management thereof.
Rifampin and Rifabutin Resistance Mechanism in Helicobacter pylori (1999)

Eighty-one clinical isolates of Helicobacter pylori showed no resistance to rifampin (MIC range, 0.032 to 2 microg/ml; MIC at which 50% of isolates are inhibited [MIC50], 0.25 microg/ml). The MIC50 of rifabutin was 0.008 microg/ml (n = 16). All resistant laboratory mutants of H. pylori ATCC 43504 showed amino acid exchanges in codons 524 to 545 or codon 585 of the rpoB gene, corresponding to the gene sequences from Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Escherichia coli.
Towards Determining Kinetics of Annihilation Electrogenerated Chemiluminescence by Concentration-Dependent Luminescent Intensity (2019)

In ion-annihilation electrochemiluminescence (ECL), luminophore ions are generated by oxidation as well as reduction at electrodes surfaces, and subsequently recombine into an electronically excited state, which emits light. The intensity of the emitted light is often limited by the kinetic rate of recombination of the luminophore ion species. Recombination or annihilation rates are high ranging up to approximately 1010 M−1 s−1 and can be difficult to determine using scanning electrochemical microscopy or high-frequency oscillations of an electrode potential. Here, we propose determining annihilation kinetics by measuring the relative change of the emitted light intensity as a function of luminophore concentration. Using finite element simulations of annihilation ECL in a geometry of two closely spaced electrodes biased at constant potentials, we show that, with increasing concentrations, luminescence intensity crosses over from a quadratic dependence on concentration to a linear regime—depending on the rate of annihilation. Our numerical results are applicable to scanning electrochemical microscopy as well as nanofluidic electrochemical devices to determine fast ion-annihilation kinetics.
Management and Treatment of Chronic Hepatitis C in HIV Patients (2012)

Progression to cirrhosis occurs faster whereas response to peginterferon/ribavirin therapy is lower in patients with chronic hepatitis C coinfected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), as compared with hepatitis C virus (HCV) monoinfected individuals. The use of antiretroviral therapy may ameliorate poor outcomes in HIV/HCV coinfected patients. However, in the best scenario peginterferon/ribavirin therapy provides cure to 30% of patients harboring HCV genotypes 1 or 4 and to 70% of HCV genotypes 2 or 3 carriers, a rate lower than that seen in HCV monoinfection. Moreover, a substantial proportion of HIV/HCV coinfected patients are not treated due to contraindications, or do not complete therapy due to serious adverse events, or just do not wish to receive such a poorly tolerated medication. For these reasons, the advent of direct acting antivirals (DAA) has been eagerly awaited for treating HIV/HCV coinfected patients. However, new challenges have arisen, including the potential for harmful drug interactions with antiretroviral agents, poor drug adherence due to polymedication, increased risk for selection of drug-resistant HCV mutants, and unaffordable coverage in an environment of economic constraints. The use of noninvasive tools to measure liver fibrosis (i.e., elastometry) and pharmacogenomics (testing for IL28B and perhaps ITPA polymorphisms), along with consideration of early viral kinetics to guide length and drugs needed could help to individualize and improve the cost effectiveness of therapeutic decisions using DAA in HIV-infected patients with chronic hepatitis C.
Isolated Tibial Polyethylene Insert Exchange Outcomes After Total Knee Arthroplasty (2009)

Level II, therapeutic study. See Guidelines for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Multi-channel video for patient monitoring based on dct compositing (2004)

Video compositing represents a significant problem in multi-channel patient monitoring, since the latency caused by decompression, recompression and additional processing procedure needs to be minimized. In this paper, we present a new compositing method for video transmission based on the discrete cosine transform (DCT) for medical applications. When compared to the conventional hybrid methods, the DCT compositing method achieves better performance in reducing computational complexity and improving video quality.
Polymyxin B Inactivation of Lipopolysaccharide in Vaccines of Gram-Negative Bacteria (1981)

Endotoxin activity in suspensions of Bordetella pertussis, Escherichia coli, Haemophilus influenzae, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa was often markedly decreased by polymyxin B. Polymyxin B treatment may be a means to reduce inflammatory reactivity of lipopolysaccharide in vaccines of gram-negative bacteria.
Supplemental Figure S1. from Application of Artificial Intelligence for Preoperative Diagnostic and Prognostic Prediction in Epithelial Ovarian Cancer Based on Blood Biomarkers (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplemental Figure S1. Explanation and evaluation of the random forest (RF) classifier. (A) Schematic illustration of the classification of samples by the RF. (B, C) Representative classification trees from the discrimination between malignant and benign tumors. These trees are only representations out of 4,000 trees constructed in the RF classifier. The final class is determined as a result of voting by all 4,000 trees. (D, E) The highest accuracy of prediction (D) and the AUC (E) using different numbers of samples in RF classification between malignant and benign tumors. The mean accuracy and AUC with these 95% confidence intervals were presented for 10 independent sets of randomly selected data of 20%, 40%, 60%, and 80% of patients from the training and test cohorts.&lt;/p&gt;
Long-term performance evaluation of polymer-modified asphalt concrete pavements (1993)

Following the five-year study performed to investigate the behavior of binders and asphalt mixtures containing polymer modifiers, it was determined that an insufficient amount of time had elapsed to allow any determinations to be made based upon the special field test sections. The study reported herein was to extend that initial time and to study in depth those special test sections, using visual observations coupled with resulting tests performed on samples extracted from the sections and comparisons with the original data developed in the original research. The research includes laboratory testing of field samples, determining the aging effect on the control and modified binders and corresponding effect on the mixtures, and visual evaluations. Retained samples of the original asphalts were also evaluated for potential performance as determined by the performance-based asphalt binder specification developed by the Strategic Highway Research Program. Four hot mix pavement field projects were constructed in the Tyler, Lufkin, San Antonio, and Childress Districts (10, 11, 15 and 25 respectively), and two seal coat projects were placed in the Odessa and Bryan Districts (6 and 17).