gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Prediction of Freezing of Gait in Parkinson’s Disease from Foot Plantar-Pressure Arrays using a Convolutional Neural Network (2020)

Freezing of gait (FOG) is a sudden cessation of locomotion in advanced Parkinson's disease (PD). A FOG episode can lead to falls, decreased mobility, and decreased overall quality of life. Prediction of FOG episodes provides an opportunity for intervention and freeze prevention. A novel method of FOG prediction that uses foot plantar pressure data acquired during gait was developed and evaluated, with plantar pressure data treated as 2D images and classified using a convolutional neural network (CNN). Data from five people with PD and a history of FOG were collected during walking trials. FOG instances were identified and data preceding each freeze were labeled as Pre-FOG. Left and right foot FScan pressure frames were concatenated into a single 60x42 pressure array. Each frame was considered as an independent image and classified as Pre-FOG, FOG, or Non-FOG, using the CNN. From prediction models using different Pre-FOG durations, shorter Pre-FOG durations performed best, with Pre-FOG class sensitivity 94.3%, and specificity 95.1%. These results demonstrated that foot pressure distribution alone can be a good FOG predictor when treating each plantar pressure frame as a 2D image, and classifying the images using a CNN. Furthermore, the CNN eliminated the need for feature extraction and selection.Clinical Relevance- This research demonstrated that foot plantar pressure data can be used to predict freezing of gait occurrence, using a convolutional neural network deep learning technique. This had the added advantage of eliminating the need for feature extraction and selection.
Preparation and Properties of Trifluoroacetylated κ-Casein (1969)

Blocking the free amino groups of ~-casein with trifluoroacetyl-groups resulted in markedly altered properties of the protein. Trifluoroacetylated K-casein was not able to stabilize a,~-casein in the presence of calcium ions, but this ability was fully restored after removal of the blocking groups. Trifluoroacetylated-K-casein was susceptible to rennin action, but the liberated paras-casein was completely soluble and did not yield the typical para-K-casein clot. This loss of characteristic properties is attributed to structural alterations produced by the change in ionic character or by steric effects of the blocking trifluoroacetyl-groups.
NADPH Dehydrogenase Activity of p67PHOX, a Cytosolic Subunit of the Leukocyte NADPH Oxidase (1999)

The leukocyte NADPH oxidase catalyzes the one-electron reduction of oxygen to O2- at the expense of NADPH. It is a multicomponent enzyme comprising a membrane-bound flavocytochrome (cytochrome b558) and at least four cytosolic components: p47PHOX, p67PHOX, p40PHOX, and Rac, a small GTPase. All the oxidase components except p40PHOX are required for enzyme activity. Many aspects of their function, however, are unclear. Using the electron acceptor ferricyanide, we found that recombinant p67PHOX from baculovirus-infected Sf9 cells could mediate the dehydrogenation of NADPH. NADPH dehydrogenation was not dependent on FAD and was insensitive to superoxide dismutase. Several control experiments showed that NADPH dehydrogenation was accomplished by p67PHOX, not by a trace contaminant in the p67PHOX preparation. The NADPH dehydrogenase activity of p67PHOX was proportional to enzyme concentration, and showed saturation kinetics with NADPH (Km 92 +/- 5 microM), but was inhibited at high concentrations of ferricyanide. NADH was also used as a substrate by p67PHOX (Km 123 +/- 38 microM). Taken together, these results show that p67PHOX is able to mediate pyridine nucleotide dehydrogenation. These findings raise the possibility that p67PHOX might participate directly in electron transfer between NADPH and the oxidase flavin.
Binding of the von Hippel-Lindau Tumor Suppressor Protein to Elongin B and C (1995)

Germ-line mutations of the von Hippel-Lindau tumor suppressor gene (VHL) predispose individuals to a variety of human tumors, and somatic mutations of this gene have been identified in sporadic renal cell carcinomas and cerebellar hemangioblastomas. Two transcriptional elongation factors, Elongin B and C, were shown to bind in vitro and in vivo to a short, colinear region of the VHL protein (pVHL) that is frequently mutated in human tumors. A peptide replica of this region inhibited binding of pVHL to Elongin B and C whereas a point-mutant derivative, corresponding to a naturally occurring VHL missense mutation, had no effect. These results suggest that the tumor suppression function of pVHL may be linked to its ability to bind to Elongin B and C.
Scalable design of fault-tolerance for wireless sensor networks (2004)

Since wireless sensor networks are inherently fault-prone and since their on-site maintenance is infeasible, scalable self-healing is crucial for enabling the deployment of large-scale sensor network applications. To achieve scalability of self-healing, in this dissertation we focus on addressing (1) the scalability of the cost-overhead of self-healing with respect to the size of the network, and (2) the scalability of the design effort for self-healing with respect to the size of the application software. 
Our research on fault-containment addresses the first problem: By confining the contamination of faults within a small area, this approach achieves healing within work and time proportional to the size of the perturbation, independent of the size of the network. Our research on specification-based design of self-healing addresses the second problem: Since specifications are more succinct than implementations, this approach yields efficient design of self-healing even for large implementations. 
These two research directions are complementary, and together enable a scalable design of local self-healing for large-scale sensor network applications.
376 Awardee Talk - Prenatal transportation stress alters physiology of suckling Brahman calves as mediated by changes in DNA methylation (2019)

Abstract Mechanisms by which prenatal programming alters the developmental trajectory of biological systems in utero is of relevance to animal agriculture. We hypothesized that prenatally stressed (PNS) calves would exhibit altered postnatal phenotype and differential methylation of DNA. Mature Brahman cows (n = 48) were transported for 2-h periods at 60, 80, 100, 120, and 140 (± 5) d of gestation or maintained as non-transported Controls (n = 48). PNS calves exhibited more excitable temperaments and increased circulating concentrations of cortisol. In response to a glucose tolerance test administered to a subset of PNS and Control bulls, PNS calves returned to basal concentrations of insulin more rapidly and exhibited a lower total area under the insulin response curve. In response to a lipopolysaccharide challenge administered to a subset of PNS and Control bulls, PNS calves exhibited greater circulating concentrations of cortisol and a greater change from baseline for IFN-γ and monocytes. Reduced representation bisulfite sequencing was used to assess methylation of DNA from white blood cells in a subset of 28-d-old bull calves. Because increased methylation of DNA in a gene promoter region typically results in decreased transcriptional activity, differentially methylated CG sites located within promoter regions (n = 1,205) were used to predict alterations to canonical pathways using Ingenuity Pathway Analysis software. There were 113 pathways altered (P ≤ 0.05) in PNS calves. Among these were pathways related to behavior, stress response, metabolism, and immune function. In support of our hypotheses, differential methylation in gene regions related to temperament, stress response, metabolism, and immune response corresponded to phenotypic differences observed in PNS calves, suggesting DNA methylation as a mechanistic basis for prenatal programming. The role of the prenatal epigenome in shaping postnatal outcomes provides novel opportunities to improve animal health and production traits.
Comparison of methods to determine chromophore concentrations from the fluorescence spectra of turbid samples (1995)

Background and objectiveThis paper compares the ability of three analytic techniques to predict chromophore concentration from fluorescence emission spectra of homogeneous, turbid samples with optical properties similar to human tissue.Study design, materials and methodsTwo models of light propagation were implemented (exponential attenuation, two flux Kubelka-Munk theory); a priori information about sample optical properties was used to analyze data with the two flux Kubelka-Munk model. The third data analysis technique utilizes the method of partial least squares (PLS) to develop an empirical, linear model of sample fluorescence from a training set with optical properties and known concentrations representative of those to be predicted. This model can be applied to predict chromophore concentrations in the unknown samples.ResultsOf the three methods, PLS achieved the most accurate results and was able to predict fluorophore concentration to within +/- 6% of true values.ConclusionWe investigated conditions under which PLS predictions were most accurate and find that best results are achieved when predictions are based on fluorescence emission spectra at more than one excitation wavelength with inclusion of the tail of Rayleigh scattering at the excitation wavelength.
High Power Cell for Mild and Strong Hybrid Applications Including Chevrolet Malibu (2017)

&lt;div class="section abstract"&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Electric vehicles have a strong potential to reduce a continued dependence on fossil fuels and help the environment by reducing pollution. Despite the desirable advantage, the introduction of electrified vehicles into the market place continues to be a challenge due to cost, safety, and life of the batteries. General Motors continues to bring vehicles to market with varying level of hybrid functionality. Since the introduction of Li-ion batteries by Sony Corporation in 1991 for the consumer market, significant progress has been made over the past 25 years. Due to market pull for consumer electronic products, power and energy densities have significantly increased, while costs have dropped. As a result, Li-ion batteries have become the technology of choice for automotive applications considering space and mass is very critical for the vehicles. Although there is not one definition for mild and strong hybrid, for the purpose of GM applications, mild hybrid systems have a nominal voltage range of 85-115V as nominal voltage range, and strong hybrid systems have a nominal voltage range of 300-325 V. This paper outlines how the vehicle propulsion system requirements are tied to cell selection on the basis of performance, safety, and packaging. A general cell format criteria and performance comparison of various options leading to selection of this particular high power cell is discussed. A prismatic metal can cell containing NMC as cathode material, combined with mixture of surface modified carbon with amorphous carbon, and electrolyte with additives in it was chosen to deliver optimal capacity, power, and a safe cell to meet battery pack requirements.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Channel Effects on Surrogate Models of Adversarial Attacks against Wireless Signal Classifiers (2020)

We consider a wireless communication system that consists of a background emitter, a transmitter, and an adversary. The transmitter is equipped with a deep neural network (DNN) classifier for detecting the ongoing transmissions from the background emitter and transmits a signal if the spectrum is idle. Concurrently, the adversary trains its own DNN classifier as the surrogate model by observing the spectrum to detect the ongoing transmissions of the background emitter and generate adversarial attacks to fool the transmitter into misclassifying the channel as idle. This surrogate model may differ from the transmitter's classifier significantly because the adversary and the transmitter experience different channels from the background emitter and therefore their classifiers are trained with different distributions of inputs. This system model may represent a setting where the background emitter is a primary user, the transmitter is a secondary user, and the adversary is trying to fool the secondary user to transmit even though the channel is occupied by the primary user. We consider different topologies to investigate how different surrogate models that are trained by the adversary (depending on the differences in channel effects experienced by the adversary) affect the performance of the adversarial attack. The simulation results show that the surrogate models that are trained with different distributions of channel-induced inputs severely limit the attack performance and indicate that the transferability of adversarial attacks is neither readily available nor straightforward to achieve since surrogate models for wireless applications may significantly differ from the target model depending on channel effects.
Self-starting additive-pulse mode locking of a Nd:glass laser (1990)

Self-starting cw mode-locked operation of a Nd:glass laser has been achieved by using a nonlinear external resonator. The coupled cavity incorporating an optical fiber initiates and sustains ultrashort-pulse generation, resulting in a stable train of 380-fsec pulses.
Asymmetrical S-band coupled resonator filters (2005)

Due to a more densely packed frequency spectrum, there is an increasing demand for narrow band filters with asymmetrical transfer function characteristics.The resulting C Derivation of Two Port Driving Point Impedance Bibliography List of Tables 4.1 Q-factor simulations with different cavity z-dimensions. . . . . . . . . . . .
Light and Water: Radiative Transfer in Natural Waters (1994)

Fundamentals: Radiometry. Photometry. Optical Properties of Water. Radiative Transfer: Across the Surface. Within the Water. Solutions Methods: Monte Carlo Methods. Invariant Imbedding Methods: Introduction. Invariant Imbedding Methods: Solving the RTE. Eigenmatrix Methods. Inverse Methods. Solutions: Underwater Light Fields. Epilogue. Chapter Problems. References.
EFFICACY AND SAFETY OF TRANSURETHRAL ALPROSTADIL IN PATIENTS WITH ERECTILE DYSFUNCTION FOLLOWING RADICAL PROSTATECTOMY (1998)

Transurethral alprostadil is a well tolerated and efficacious method of treating erectile dysfunction after radical prostatectomy, although psychological changes associated with cancer and surgery may limit home response. The severe neurovascular deficit associated with prostatectomy neither limits the efficacy of transurethral alprostadil nor increases the risks.
Mitigating Noise in Seismic Surveys with an "Acoustic Blanket (2004)

A37 MITIGATING NOISE IN SEISMIC SURVEYS WITH AN "ACOUSTIC BLANKET" Summary 1 For several years we have been conducting research on the use of bubble curtains (and more generally physical masking devices) to suppress marine noises. The research initially focussed on suppressing multiples in marine seismic acquisition by placing a bubble curtain at the bounce point of the multiple on the air-water interface. ExxonMobil conducted successful small-scale field tests of the method at its seismic test facility in Houston. ExxonMobil and Petroleum Geo-Services (PGS) conducted an offshore field test in early 2002 to establish the fundamentals of the bubble curtain
A survey of mobile and wireless technologies for augmented reality systems (2008)

Abstract Recent advances in hardware and software for mobile computing have enabled a new breed of mobile augmented reality (AR) systems and applications. A new breed of computing called ‘augmented ubiquitous computing’ has resulted from the convergence of wearable computing, wireless networking, and mobile AR interfaces. In this paper, we provide a survey of different mobile and wireless technologies and how they have impact AR. Our goal is to place them into different categories so that it becomes easier to understand the state of art and to help identify new directions of research. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.
Mineralen van Ilfeld (Harz, D): méér dan manganiet (2000)

status: Published
Design of a single-crystal piezoceramic-driven synthetic jet actuator (2004)

Synthetic-jet actuators have been intensely studied recently. The interest in these devices is elicited by their usefulness in fluid-control applications, including boundary-layer control, combustion control etc. A synthetic-jet actuator is a zero-net-mass-flux device, and is comprised of a diaphragm mounted to enclose a volume of fluid in a cavity. The diaphragm bends sinusoidally, and fluid is periodically absorbed into and ejected from the cavity through an orifice. The outflow entrains the fluid around it and establishes a mean jet flow at a distance from the source. Piezoceramic materials have been used to drive the vibrating diaphragm, where the piezoceramic is glued directly to a silicon diaphragm. In combustion systems, improved turbulent mixing of air and fuel proper can significantly improve efficiency and reduce pollution. In boundary-layer separation control applications, synthetic-jets are used to improve aerodynamic performance by delaying separation and stall over the airfoil. The current work describes the modeling and design of a single-crystal piezoceramic-driven synthetic-jet actuator, and demonstrates that the efficiency of the actuator increases when single-crystals piezoceramic materials are used instead of the more conventional polycrystalline piezoceramics.
Environmental dielectric screening effect on exciton transition energies in single-walled carbon nanotubes (2007)

Environmental dielectric screening effects on exciton transition energies in single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) have been studied quantitatively in the range of dielectric constants from 1.0 to 37 by immersing SWNTs bridged over trenches in various organic solvents by means of photoluminescence and the excitation spectroscopies. With increasing environmental dielectric constant ($ε_{\rm env}$), both $E_{11}$ and $E_{22}$ exhibited a redshift by several tens meV and a tendency to saturate at a $ε_{\rm env} \sim 5$ without an indication of significant ($n$,$m$) dependence. The redshifts can be explained by dielectric screening of the repulsive electron-electron interaction. The $ε_{\rm env}$ dependence of $E_{11}$ and $E_{22}$ can be expressed by a simple empirical equation with a power law in $ε_{\rm env}$, $E_{\rm ii} = E_{\rm ii}^{\infty} + Aε_{\rm env}^{-α}$. We also immersed a sample in sodium-dodecyl-sulfate (SDS) solution to investigate the effects of wrapping SWNTs with surfactant. The resultant $E_{11}$ and $E_{22}$, which agree well with Weisman's data [Nano Lett. {\bf 3}, 1235 (2003)], are close to those of $ε_{\rm env}$ of 2. However, in addition to the shift due to dielectric screening, another shift was observed so that the ($2n+m$)-family patterns spread more widely, similar to that of the uniaxial-stress-induced shift.
Survey of Theory and Steering Laws of Single-Gimbal Control Moment Gyros (2007)

A geometric theory regarding singularity problems of single gimbal control moment gyrosystems is outlined. Most control moment gyrosystems have impassable and inescapable singular states that obstruct continuous changes of the total angular momentum vector. The remaining problem of the theory regarding degenerate singularity is described with an unproved conjecture. Based on the theory, various steering laws such as gradient methods and singularity robust methods for the pyramid-type control moment gyrosystem, and those for variable speed control moment gyros are surveyed and analyzed. Problems of the attitude control by these steering laws are examined by geometrical analyses without numerical simulation.
Simple quad domains for field aligned mesh parametrization (2011)

We present a method for the global parametrization of meshes that preserves alignment to a cross field in input while obtaining a parametric domain made of few coarse axis-aligned rectangular patches, which form an abstract base complex without T-junctions. The method is based on the topological simplification of the cross field in input, followed by global smoothing.
Multimodal 2D+3D Facial Expression Recognition With Deep Fusion Convolutional Neural Network (2017)

This paper presents a novel and efficient deep fusion convolutional neural network (DF-CNN) for multimodal 2D+3D facial expression recognition (FER). DF-CNN comprises a feature extraction subnet, a feature fusion subnet, and a softmax layer. In particular, each textured three-dimensional (3D) face scan is represented as six types of 2D facial attribute maps (i.e., geometry map, three normal maps, curvature map, and texture map), all of which are jointly fed into DF-CNN for feature learning and fusion learning, resulting in a highly concentrated facial representation (32-dimensional). Expression prediction is performed by two ways: 1) learning linear support vector machine classifiers using the 32-dimensional fused deep features, or 2) directly performing softmax prediction using the six-dimensional expression probability vectors. Different from existing 3D FER methods, DF-CNN combines feature learning and fusion learning into a single end-to-end training framework. To demonstrate the effectiveness of DF-CNN, we conducted comprehensive experiments to compare the performance of DFCNN with handcrafted features, pre-trained deep features, finetuned deep features, and state-of-the-art methods on three 3D face datasets (i.e., BU-3DFE Subset I, BU-3DFE Subset II, and Bosphorus Subset). In all cases, DF-CNN consistently achieved the best results. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first work of introducing deep CNN to 3D FER and deep learning-based featurelevel fusion for multimodal 2D+3D FER.
Hereditary Pancreatitis in the United States: Survival and Rates of Pancreatic Cancer (2018)

We confirm prior observations on survival and pancreatic cancer SIR in PRSS1 subjects. Although risk of pancreatic cancer was significantly high in these patients, its cumulative risk was much lower than previous reports.
Reactive interdiffusion of an Al film and a CoCrFeNi high-entropy alloy (2022)

Diffusion plays a significant role in phase formation and transformation in solid-state alloys. In order to determine the influence of element diffusion on the phase formation and transition behavior in a high-entropy alloy (HEA), a systematic study on the reactive diffusion of Al and a CoCrFeNi HEA was carried out. It is demonstrated that thermodynamic and kinetic effects play a coupled role in the phase evolution in the HEA, among which the thermodynamic effect governs the evolution of major phases. The diffusion direction of the elements is controlled by the Gibbs free energy gradient in front of the interface, while the sluggish diffusion effect does not play a dominant role during reactive diffusion. At an annealing temperature of 773 K, the enthalpy of mixing dominates the total energy and therefore has a significant impact on the phase evolution during reactive diffusion.