gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Middle Fossa Approach for Cochlear Implantation: Caution (2018)

University of South Florida College of Medicine, The Tampa Bay Hearing and Balance Center, Tampa, Florida [email protected] The author has had research contracts with Advanced Bionics and has served on the Advanced Bionics Surgeons’ Advisory Board.
Synthesis and properties of water soluble single‐walled carbon nanotube graft ionic polyacetylene nanocomposites (2008)

Abstract Water‐soluble single‐walled carbon nanotube‐polyacetylene [SWNT‐PA, SWNT‐P(2EPy‐MeTf)] nanocomposites have been synthesized by using the surface initiated “grafting‐from” method. The FT‐IR spectra confirmed the formation of an amide bond between the functionalized SWNTs and the initiator, 4‐(2‐Aminoethyl) pyridine, to polymerize N ‐Methyl‐2‐ethynlypyridinium triflate (2EPy‐MeTf). UV‐vis spectroscopy indicated that the degree of polymerization of P(2EPy‐MeTf) in the SWNT‐polyacetylene composites is 15, based on the Lewis‐Calvin equation. The SWNT‐polyacetylene composites have been characterized by TGA, AFM, and TEM. From TGA analysis, the loading of SWNTs in the SWNT grafted ionic polyacetylenes is estimated to be 22%. AFM and TEM images clearly showed that the nanotube is wrapped with the PA. The SWNT‐polyacetylene composites displayed high water solubility (8 mg/ml). The room temperature electrical conductivity of the doped SWNT‐polyacetylene composites was found to be in the range of 10 −3 to 10 −4 S/cm, an order of magnitude of increase over neat P(2EPy‐MeTf) and a two order of magnitude increase over Dendrimer‐polyacetylen composites. POLYM. COMPOS., 2009. © 2008 Society of Plastics Engineers
Somatostatin pretreatment increases the number of somatostatin receptors in GH4C1 pituitary cells and does not reduce cellular responsiveness to somatostatin. (1988)

The GH4C1 pituitary cell line contains specific plasma membrane receptors for the inhibitory neuropeptide somatostatin (SRIF). Unlike other peptides which bind to cell surface receptors on these cells, SRIF is not rapidly internalized via receptor-mediated endocytosis. Here we examined the effects of chronic SRIF pretreatment on the subsequent ability of GH4C1 cells to bind and respond to this hormone. Treatment of cells with 100 nM SRIF increased [125I-Tyr1]SRIF binding to a maximum value of 220% of control after 20 h. Scatchard analysis demonstrated that the number, but not the affinity, of the receptors was altered. The effect of SRIF was dose-dependent (ED50 = 2.3 +/- 0.4 nM), was not mimicked by an inactive analog, and was specific for the SRIF receptor. Furthermore, pretreatment of cells with other agents, which mimic SRIF's action to decrease intracellular cAMP and free Ca2+ concentrations, did not mimic the SRIF-induced increase in receptor number. Thus, occupancy of the SRIF receptor was required for SRIF receptor up-regulation. Inhibition of protein synthesis with cycloheximide did not prevent the SRIF-induced increase in receptors, consistent with an effect of SRIF to either reduce receptor degradation or cause slow redistribution of preexisting receptors to the plasma membrane. In contrast to the effects on receptor binding, pretreating cells with SRIF did not alter either basal cAMP levels or the potency of SRIF to inhibit cAMP accumulation (ED50 = 0.5 +/- 0.2 nM). However, the maximum cAMP produced by stimulators of adenylyl cyclase was increased. The observation that chronic SRIF exposure did not cause homologous desensitization in GH4C1 cells and increased rather than decreased SRIF receptor number is consistent with the fact that this neuropeptide is not rapidly internalized by receptor-mediated endocytosis.
A brief history of hemoglobins: plant, animal, protist, and bacteria. (1996)

The utility of metal-bound porphyrin rings for the transfer of electrons was established early in evolution, as witnessed by the ubiquitous cytochromes that pass electrons down an electrochemical gradient in the respiratory chain, eventually reducing 02 to H20 and yielding energy in the form of ATP in the process. Other hemoproteins catalyze a variety of oxidations, with roles as diverse as protecting cells from peroxides and breaking down the very stable wood polymer, lignin. Even in photosynthesis, where solar energy is used to take electrons from a low-energy donor such as H20 (evolving 02) and pass them down an ATP-yielding electron transfer chain, the porphyrin rings in chlorophylls serve to harvest the quanta of light energy and eventually feed them to the photosynthetic reaction center. Protoporphyrin IX with an iron ion coordinately bound in the middle of its flat, planar structure (known as a heme molecule when the iron is in the 2+ oxidation state) is used in proteins as diverse as cytochromes and ligninases for just such electron transfers and oxidations, with the iron switching cyclically between oxidation states. Other hemoproteins have been adapted to allow the reversible binding of oxygen to the heme, with the iron staying in its 2+ state. The proteins that carry the heme and facilitate the reversible binding of oxygen are called hemoglobins. Hemoglobins are usually thought of as the major proteins in erythrocytes circulating in the blood of vertebrates, carrying that oxygen generated by photosynthesis to the far reaches of respiring tissues in the body. Indeed, liemoglobins were first found in blood simply because they are so abundant, with a concentration in normal blood of 15 g per 100 ml. However, it has become clear that hemoglobins are very widespread in the biosphere and are found in all groups of organisms including prokaryotes, fungi, plants, and animals. Recent papers have clarified some issues about the evolution and possible functions of these hemoglobins, although many issues remain unresolved.
Klassische Verfahren zum Entwurf linearer kontinuierlicher Regelsysteme (1982)

Eine der wichtigsten Aufgaben stellt für den Regelungstechniker der Entwurf oder die Synthese eines Regelkreises dar. Diese Aufgabe, zu der streng genommen auch die komplette gerätetechnische Auslegung gehört, sei nachfolgend auf das Problem beschränkt, für eine vorgegebene Regelstrecke einen geeigneten Regler zu entwerfen, der die an den Regelkreis gestellten Anforderungen möglichst gut oder bei geringstem technischen Aufwand erfüllt.
Simultaneous determination of water‐soluble vitamins in selected food matrices by liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (2008)

A rapid, simple and sensitive method based on liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) with an electrospray ionization (ESI) source for the simultaneous analysis of fourteen water-soluble vitamins (B1, B2, two B3 vitamers, B5, five B6 vitamers, B8, B9, B12 and C) in various food matrices, i.e. maize flour, green and golden kiwi and tomato pulp, is presented here. Analytes were separated by ion-suppression reversed-phase liquid chromatography in less than 10 min and detected in positive ion mode. Sensitivity and specificity of this method allowed two important results to be achieved: (i) limits of detection of the analytes at ng g(-1) levels (except for vitamin C); (ii) development of a rapid sample treatment that minimizes analyte exposition to light, air and heat, eliminating any step of extract concentration. Analyte recovery depended on the type of matrix. In particular, recovery of the analytes in maize flour was > or =70%, with the exception of vitamin C, pyridoxal-5'-phosphate and vitamin B9 (ca 40%); with tomato pulp, recovery was > or =64%, except for vitamin C (41%); with kiwi, recovery was > or =73%, except for nicotinamide (ca. 30%).
Contents Vol 19 (1999) (1999)

Salivary glands in Svalbard reindeer (Rangifer tarandusplatyrhynchus) and in Norwegian reindeer (Rangifer tarandus tarandus) 25 Staaland, H. & Olesen, C
The Aqueous Ca2+ System, in Comparison with Zn2+, Fe3 +, and Al3 +: An Ab Initio Molecular Dynamics Study (2013)

Herein, we report on the structure and dynamics of the aqueous Ca(2+) system studied by using ab initio molecular dynamics (AIMD) simulations. Our detailed study revealed the formation of well-formed hydration shells with characteristics that were significantly different to those of bulk water. To facilitate a robust comparison with state-of-the-art X-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) data, we employ a 1st principles MD-XAFS procedure and directly compare simulated and experimental XAFS spectra. A comparison of the data for the aqueous Ca(2+) system with those of the recently reported Zn(2+), Fe(3+), and Al(3+) species showed that many of their structural characteristics correlated well with charge density on the cation. Some very important exceptions were found, which indicated a strong sensitivity of the solvent structure towards the cation's valence electronic structure. Average dipole moments for the 2nd shell of all cations were suppressed relative to bulk water.
Spontaneous Isomerization of Long-Lived Proteins Provides a Molecular Mechanism for the Lysosomal Failure Observed in Alzheimer’s Disease (2019)

Proteinaceous aggregation is a well-known observable in Alzheimer's disease (AD), but failure and storage of lysosomal bodies within neurons is equally ubiquitous and actually precedes bulk accumulation of extracellular amyloid plaque. In fact, AD shares many similarities with certain lysosomal storage disorders though establishing a biochemical connection has proven difficult. Herein, we demonstrate that isomerization and epimerization, which are spontaneous chemical modifications that occur in long-lived proteins, prevent digestion by the proteases in the lysosome (namely, the cathepsins). For example, isomerization of aspartic acid into l-isoAsp prevents digestion of the N-terminal portion of Aβ by cathepsin L, one of the most aggressive lysosomal proteases. Similar results were obtained after examination of various target peptides with a full series of cathepsins, including endo-, amino-, and carboxy-peptidases. In all cases peptide fragments too long for transporter recognition or release from the lysosome persisted after treatment, providing a mechanism for eventual lysosomal storage and bridging the gap between AD and lysosomal storage disorders. Additional experiments with microglial cells confirmed that isomerization disrupts proteolysis in active lysosomes. These results are easily rationalized in terms of protease active sites, which are engineered to precisely orient the peptide backbone and cannot accommodate the backbone shift caused by isoaspartic acid or side chain dislocation resulting from epimerization. Although Aβ is known to be isomerized and epimerized in plaques present in AD brains, we further establish that the rates of modification for aspartic acid in positions 1 and 7 are fast and could accrue prior to plaque formation. Spontaneous chemistry can therefore provide modified substrates capable of inducing gradual lysosomal failure, which may play an important role in the cascade of events leading to the disrupted proteostasis, amyloid formation, and tauopathies associated with AD.
Efficient and provably secure aggregation of encrypted data in wireless sensor networks (2009)

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are composed of tiny devices with limited computation and battery capacities. For such resource-constrained devices, data transmission is a very energy-consuming operation. To maximize WSN lifetime, it is essential to minimize the number of bits sent and received by each device. One natural approach is to aggregate sensor data along the path from sensors to the sink. Aggregation is especially challenging if end-to-end privacy between sensors and the sink (or aggregate integrity) is required. In this article, we propose a simple and provably secure encryption scheme that allows efficient additive aggregation of encrypted data. Only one modular addition is necessary for ciphertext aggregation. The security of the scheme is based on the indistinguishability property of a pseudorandom function (PRF), a standard cryptographic primitive. We show that aggregation based on this scheme can be used to efficiently compute statistical values, such as mean, variance, and standard deviation of sensed data, while achieving significant bandwidth savings. To protect the integrity of the aggregated data, we construct an end-to-end aggregate authentication scheme that is secure against outsider-only attacks, also based on the indistinguishability property of PRFs.
Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors: Synthesis of Water Soluble Sulfonamides Incorporating a 4-sulfamoylphenylmethylthiourea Scaffold, with Potent Intraocular Pressure Lowering Properties (2002)

Reaction of thiophosgene with 4-aminomethyl-benzenesulfonamide afforded 4-isothiocyanatomethyl-benzenesulfonamide, which by reaction with amines, amino acids and oligopeptides, lead to a series of new sulfonamides incorporating a 4-sulfamoylphenylmethylthiourea scaffold. These new thioureas showed strong affinities towards isozymes I, II and IV of carbonic anhydrase (CA, EC 4.2.1.1). In vitro inhibitory potency was good (in the low nanomolar range) for the derivatives of: amino-benzoic acids, beta-phenyl-serine, alpha-phenyl-glycine, for those incorporating hydroxy- and mercapto-amino acids (Ser, Thr, Cys and Met), hydrophobic amino acids (Val, Leu, Ile), aromatic amino acids (Phe, His, Trp, Tyr; DOPA); dicarboxylic amino acids as well as di-/tri-/tetrapeptides among others. Such CA inhibitors displayed very good water solubility (in the range of 2-3%) as sodium (carboxylate) salts, with pH values for the solutions obtained of 6.5-7.0. Furthermore, in normotensive rabbits, some of them showed an effective and prolonged intraocular pressure (IOP) lowering when administered topically, as 2% solutions.
Taxonomic relevance of fatty acids of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and related species (1993)

Fatty acid analyses were conducted on the spores of ten Zygomycetes species including seven arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) of the genus Glomus, a saprobic zygosporic species, Endogone pisiformis, and species of the genera Acaulospora and Scutellospora.Eighty percent of the total fatty acids of these fungi consisted of C16:0, C18:0, C:18:1 and C:18:2.Alpha and gamma isomers of linolenic acid were only present in E. pisiformis spores.The trans configuration of the monounsaturated fatty acids (C16:1 and C:18:1) is, for the first time, reported for AMF.Taxonomic aspects of the fatty acid distribution in AMF spores and related species are discussed.Des analyses d'acides gras ont t effectues sur les spores de dix espces de Zygomycetes dont sept endomycorhiziennes a arbuscules (MA) du genre Glomus, une espce zygosporique saprophyte Endogone pisiformis, et deux espces des genres Acaulospora et Scutellospora.Les acides gras en C16:0, C18:0, C:18:1 et C:18:2 constituent 80% des acides gras totaux.Les isomres alpha et gamma de l'acide linolnique n'ont t dtects que chez E. pisiformis.On rapporte pour la premiere fois chez les MA la prsence d'acides gras monoinsaturs (C:16:1 et C:18:1) de configuration rans.Quelques aspects taxonomique de la distribution des acides gras chez les MA sont discuts.
Microwave irradiation - a closer look at heating efficiencies (2008)

Microwave irradn. is rapidly evolving into a common heat source in different areas of chem. including medicinal and org. chem. as well as polymer chem. The major advantages of the use of microwave irradn. are the often obsd. faster and cleaner reactions and sometimes changes in selectivity. Although the majority of beneficial effects might be explained by the faster heating, higher attainable temps. due to closed reaction vessels and the more homogeneous heat profile, in some cases selective heating results under microwave irradn. results in changes in selectivity or it allows chem. that cannot be performed with conventional heating. Besides these well-documented advantages of the use of microwave irradn., it is often claimed that microwave irradn. is a fast and efficient heat source. To investigate the validity of the claimed efficient heating under microwave irradn., we examd. the efficiency of microwave heating various solvents under microwave irradn. using a monomode microwave reactor. Examples of temp.-time profiles and the corresponding efficiency curves are shown in the Figure. In addn., the effects of adding salt or passive heating elements on the heating efficiency were studied. The heating efficiency for water was further examd. using different reaction vols. as well as monomode and multimode microwave synthesizers. [on SciFinder (R)]
Fitting a spectral model for component analysis in diffuse optical tomography (2019)

Time Domain Diffuse Optical Tomography (TD-DOT) at different wavelengths can be used to retrieve tissue &#13;\nreconstructing the components of a two-region system starting from self-normalized time-dependent measurements &#13;\nperformed in reflectivity geometry over multiple wavelengths. The proposed method performs a fit of a limited number &#13;\nof tissues parameters providing a good quantification of the components’ concentrations by applying a FEM-based &#13;\nDiffusion approximation of the TD-DOT direct model.
3D-printable tools for developmental biology: Improving embryo injection and screening techniques through 3D-printing technology (2018)

ABSTRACT Developmental biology requires rapid embryo injections and screening. We applied new affordable high-resolution 3D-printing to create five easily modifiable stamp-mold tools that greatly increase injection and screening speed, while simultaneously reducing the harmful aspects of these processes. We designed two stamps that use different approaches to improve the injection efficiency for two different types of embryo, first for embryos from the snail Crepidula fornicata , and second, for those from the spider Parasteatoda tepidariorum . Both drastically improved injection speeds and embryo survival rates, even in novice hands. The other three tools were designed for rapid side-by-side organism orientating and comparison. The first screening tool allows for optimal imaging in Xenopus laevis tadpoles, while the second and third facilitate rapid high-throughput screening of Xenopus tropicalis tadpoles and Danio rerio juveniles, respectively. These designs can act as templates for many injection or screening applications.
Dual Nafion/Polyaniline Nanofibers Architecture for Applications in Fuel Cells Electrodes (2015)

Nanostructured non-woven fiber mats of Nafion, polyaniline (PANI) and dual Nafion/polyaniline nanofibers were fabricated via electrospinning technique. Nafion/PANI nanofibers composite was prepared by simultaneous electrospinning of Nafion and PANI solutions onto a single collector. Poly (ethylene oxide) (PEO) was added to enhance chain entanglements and therefore, the electrospinnability of both polymer solutions. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy was used to characterize the conductivity of the nanofiber mats. The proton and electron conductivities of the Nafion/PANI composite mats were decoupled using equivalent circuit. Dual nanofibers mat with Nafion/PANI weight composition of 61/39 showed a proton conductivity of 0.032 S/cm and electron conductivity of 0.041 S/cm. Such dual nanofiber mats with percolating phases of electron and proton conductors and three-dimensional through–connected inter-fiber pore structure can potentially serve as excellent catalyst supports for PEMFCs.
L'oeuvre ou la vie ?: Balzac au prisme de Proust (2015)

National audience
Neurocognitive Impairment Related to HIV Infection in Nigeria (P01.259) (2012)

Objective: To examine outcomes on neuropsychological (NP) testing among individuals at risk for developing HIV-related neurocognitive impairment (NCI) in Nigeria. Background With 3.3 million infected, Nigeria has the 2 nd highest burden of HIV/AIDS. In the pre-antiretroviral therapy (ART) era up to 50% of infected individuals manifested NCI. In the context of expanded ART access in Nigeria and other low income countries understanding the prevalence and longitudinal impacts of NCI on patient outcomes is vital to sustainable programs. Design/Methods: ART-naive seropositive (SP) and seronegative (SN) control subjects are recruited at two antiretroviral treatment clinics in Nigeria. NP test data obtained at the time of study enrollment were analyzed. Multiple regression analyses were performed with HIV serological status, education, and ethnicity included as covariates. Effect sizes were determined by estimation of the Cohen9s d statistic. Results: 30 SP (23 in WHO stage I, four in stage II, three in stage III and one in stage IV) and 51 SN subjects were enrolled. The mean age and sex ratios were similar for the two groups; however, the SP group had a lower level of education (p=0.03). Significant relationships were found for HIV serostatus with performance on the overall NP battery (p=0.0096) and on tests of learning (p=0.0085), speed of information processing (p=0.01); executive function (p=0.01); and memory (p=0.02). Effect sizes for these analyses ranged between 0.34-0.36. On the full battery, 14 SP (46%) had scores >1 SD below the mean of the controls; of these, 7 (23%) had scores >2 SD below the mean. Ethnicity and education did not impact performance on the tests. Conclusions: HIV- related neurocognitive abnormalities were frequent in this patient group, who overall presented in the earlier stages of infection. Additional studies are underway to further define the clinical and virological associations for NCI with HIV infection in Nigeria. Supported by: National Institute of Mental Health, NIH. Disclosure: Dr. Royal has received personal compensation for activities with MedImpact Healthcare Systems, Inc.Dr. Royal received research support from EMD-Serono, Inc., Genzyme, Teva Neuroscience, Biogen and Novartis. Dr. Blattner has nothing to disclose. Dr. Cherner has nothing to disclose. Dr. Abimiku has nothing to disclose. Dr. Adebamowo has nothing to disclose. Dr. Johnson has nothing to disclose. Dr. Alabi has nothing to disclose. Dr. Alkali has nothing to disclose. Dr. Mamadu has nothing to disclose. Dr. Okwuasaba has nothing to disclose. Dr. Agala has nothing to disclose. Dr. Gupta has nothing to disclose. Dr. Hendrix has nothing to disclose. Dr. Eyzaguirre has nothing to disclose. Dr. Aragbada has nothing to disclose. Dr. Ojo has nothing to disclose. Dr. Adebiyi has nothing to disclose.
The Effects of a Natural Antibiotic Alternative and a Natural Growth Promoter Feed Additive on Broiler Performance and Carcass Quality (2008)

The use of subtherapeutic levels of antibiotics in poultry feed improves performance and morbidity in broiler chickens. However, consumer pressure related to the potential development of antibiotic-resistant bacteria has resulted in the development of nonantibiotic feed additives that may also improve broiler performance. Essential oils, organic acids, and phytogenic compounds enhance production of gastric secretions, stimulate blood circulation, and reduce levels of pathogenic bacteria. The objective of the current study was to assess the use of Biostrong 505+ and Biostrong 510 as natural growth promoters in broiler chickens. Assessment was based on the performance and carcass quality of broilers fed either a maximum-yield or a least-cost commercial broiler diet. The maximum-yield diet improved broiler performance and carcass quality. Biostrong 505+ can be used to improve feed conversion and breast yield when incorporated into diets devoid of antibiotics. This improvement in feed conversion and breast yield was accentuated when Biostrong 505+ was used in conjunction with a maximum-yield diet. Biostrong 510 improved feed conversion when used in poultry diets containing antibiotics.