gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Excellent Lubricating Behavior of Brasenia schreberi Mucilage (2012)

The present work reports an excellent lubrication property of an aquatic plant called Brasenia schreberi (BS). To investigate the lubrication characteristics of the BS mucilage, a novel measuring system is designed, and an ultralow friction coefficient about 0.005 between the mucilage and glass surface has been obtained. It is found that the ultralow friction is closely related to the structure of mucilage and water molecules in the mucilage. The microstructure analysis indicates that the mucilage surrounding BS forms a kind of polysaccharide gel with many nanosheets. A possible lubrication mechanism is proposed that the formation of hydration layers among these polymer nanosheets with plenty of bonded water molecules causes the ultralow friction. The excellent lubrication property has a potential application for reducing the friction between a glossy pill coated with such layer of mucilage and people's throats.
Exploring the Relationship between Crassulacean Acid Metabolism (CAM) and Mineral Nutrition with a Special Focus on Nitrogen (2019)

Crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM) is characterized by nocturnal CO<sub>2</sub> uptake and concentration, reduced photorespiration, and increased water-use efficiency (WUE) when compared to C<sub>3</sub> and C<sub>4</sub> plants. Plants can perform different types of CAM and the magnitude and duration of CAM expression can change based upon several abiotic conditions, including nutrient availability. Here, we summarize the abiotic factors that are associated with an increase in CAM expression with an emphasis on the relationship between CAM photosynthesis and nutrient availability, with particular focus on nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and calcium. Additionally, we examine nitrogen uptake and assimilation as this macronutrient has received the greatest amount of attention in studies using CAM species. We also discuss the preference of CAM species for different organic and inorganic sources of nitrogen, including nitrate, ammonium, glutamine, and urea. Lastly, we make recommendations for future research areas to better understand the relationship between macronutrients and CAM and how their interaction might improve nutrient and water-use efficiency in order to increase the growth and yield of CAM plants, especially CAM crops that may become increasingly important as global climate change continues.
A Transient Technique to Determine Thermal Conductivity and Thermal Contact Resistance of Porous Materials (2010)

The application of a transient technique for the measurement of effective thermal conductivity and thermal contact resistance of porous media is discussed. A sensitivity analysis has proven that direct measurement of thermal contact resistance from a single temperature recording is not feasible. It requires the measurement of at least one additional sample with different height. The estimation of effective thermal conductivity is done by solving the inverse heat conduction problem (IHCP). The direct problem is treated analytically by describing the system with a quadrupole formalism in Laplace domain. The inversion procedure was found to be computational expensive. For this reason, the analytical solution of a reference case was obtained and used to validate a finite difference scheme. The indirect problem of the IHCP is solved via the Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm. Preliminary results are shown to demonstrate the method. Future actions consist of calibrating the experimental setup, benchmark with known materials and report uncertainty.
Molecular characterization of Egyptian Giardia lamblia isolates. (2004)

Six Giardia lamblia strains (4 from Egypt, one from the USA and one from Sudan) were used to study the phenotypic and genotypic variation in some Egyptian G. lamblia strains compared to other G. lamblia strains, which may be responsible for the difference in their behavioral characteristics. By using SDS-PAGE for antigenic study, E1 strain appeared different from the rest of the strains with two bands; one at 121 Kda and the other at 34 Kda which were not present in other strains, while bands at 130 and 43 Kda were present in all strains but absent in E1 strain. Another difference between E1 strain and the rest of the strains was obtained by CAE, using PGM enzyme where E1 strain gave a different zymodeme than the other strains. Based on the computerized RAPD- PCR analysis, 4 rapdemes were identified; rapdeme 1 contained E1 strain, rapdeme 2 contained E2, E3 and E4 isolates, rapdeme 3 contained Sudan strain and rapdeme 4 contained USA strain. In conclusion this study revealed diversity between G. lamblia strains especially E1 strain which showed unique characters.
Heterogeneous integration of microdisk lasers on silicon strip waveguides for optical interconnects (2005)

A new approach is proposed to realize an optical link for intrachip optical interconnects. This link includes III-V compound-based laser sources and photodetectors, and silicon-on-insulator-based strip waveguides. The heterogeneous integration of an InP-based microdisk laser with a silicon waveguide using SiO/sub 2/-SiO/sub 2/ molecular bonding and nanofabrication procedures is emphasized. The technological procedure is described and first experimental results show that, with an adequate configuration, 35% of light could be coupled from the optically pumped microlaser to the waveguide, as a result of the vertical evanescent coupling.
Modeling Nonlinear Dark Current Behavior in CCDs (2012)

A model explaining nonlinear time dependence of pixels in charge-coupled device (CCD) pixels is presented. The model describes the movement of the pixel's depletion edge based on varying quantities of signal charge. Dynamic depletion edges will affect dark current collected by pixels with impurities located in the region of movement of the edge. The model attempts to address nonlinear behavior of dark current with respect to exposure time well below the saturation level seen in some CCD imagers. Modeling an imager by giving pixels varying number of impurities and depths of those impurities, assuming a uniform distribution, leads to characteristic behavior observed in the imagers.
Determinants of universal adolescent hepatitis B vaccine uptake (2004)

The UK is currently considering the introduction of universal hepatitis B vaccination. This study of determinants of vaccine uptake among school based adolescents shows that living in areas of high deprivation, commonly associated with injecting drug risk behaviours, was the most important factor, with statistically significant lower odds of receiving three doses. This was less pronounced for receipt of two doses. Thus, there are implications for future policy; if universal vaccination is approved, a licensed two dose schedule would be most appropriate in this setting.
Genome-wide identification and evaluation of constitutive promoters in streptomycetes (2015)

This work identified and evaluated a set of constitutive promoters with different strengths in streptomycetes, and it enriched the presently available promoter toolkit in this genus. These promoters should be valuable in current platforms of metabolic engineering and synthetic biology for the activation of cryptic biosynthetic clusters and the optimization of pathways for the biosynthesis of important natural products in Streptomyces species.
Gene therapy in the clinic: human trials of gene therapy (2023)

Broadly speaking, in the 1970s, ever-increasing attention was paid to the biochemical alterations underlying human disorders such as hereditary diseases, cancer and degenerative disorders. The origin of more and more diseases was traced to the molecular level. In the 1980s a number of molecular tools for detecting genetic alterations have become available and widely used, such as gene mapping, sequence determination, the Southern blot technique, and the polymerase chain reaction. Clinical gene therapy is in its infancy. In the late 1980s a new form of human therapy, based on the administration of genetic material, had become a real possibility. The first protocol for human somatic transgenesis was approved in the USA by the Recombinant DNA Advisory Committee on 3 October 1988 and by the National Institutes of Health on 2 February 1989. Monogenic diseases were the first targets considered for gene therapy.
Laser Ablation Synthesis and Optical Characterization of Silicon Carbide Nanowires (2000)

Silicon carbide (SiC) nanowires were synthesized at 900°C by the laser ablation technique. The growth morphology, microstructure, and defects in SiC nanowires were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). The Raman scattering study indicated that the Raman peaks corresponding to the TO and LO phonon modes of the SiC nanowires had larger red shifts compared to those of bulk SiC material. The red shift, broadening peak, and the asymmetry of the Raman peak could be explained by the size confinement effect in the radial and growth directions. The growth mechanism of SiC nano‐wires was discussed based on the vapor–liquid–solid reaction.
Selective Immunophenotyping for Diagnosis of B-cell Neoplasms (2012)

Determining the immunophenotype of hematologic malignancies is now an indispensable part of diagnostic classification, and can help to guide therapy, or to predict clinical outcome. Diagnostic workup should be guided by morphologic findings and evaluate clinically important markers, but ideally should avoid the use of overly broad panels of immunostains that can reveal incidental findings of uncertain significance and give rise to increased costs. Here, we outline our approach to diagnosis of B-cell neoplasms, combining histologic and clinical data with tailored panels of immunophenotyping reagents, in the context of the 2008 World Health Organization classification. We present data from cases seen at our institution from 2004 through 2008 using this approach, to provide a practical reference for findings seen in daily diagnostic practice.
A Guide for Measuring, Analyzing, and Evaluating Accelerations Recorded During Seakeeping Trials of High-Speed Craft (2016)

Abstract : This report is a guide for measuring and analyzing acceleration data recorded during trials of full-scale high speed craft. Minimum requirements for instrumentation systems are summarized, and standardized data processing methods are presented to foster commonality and comparability between different organizations. Examples of recorded data are shown to illustrate data processing and data analysis methods. Numerous approaches to comparing and evaluating data sets are summarized.
Sexual, Psychological, and Marital Impact of Self-Injection of Papaverine and Phentolamine: A Long-Term Prospective Study (1991)

This prospective study assessed the long-term effects of self-injection of papaverine hydrochloride and phentolamine mesylate along several critical domains for 42 men and 26 partners. Over the course of one year, men were, on average, injecting themselves five times monthly, with 84% of these injections producing satisfactory erections. Treatment resulted in statistically significant improvements in quality of erection, sexual satisfaction, frequency of intercourse, and coital orgasm. The women also demonstrated significant improvement in sexual satisfaction, arousal, frequency of intercourse, and coital orgasm. Decreases in general psychiatric symptomatology were apparent for men but not for partners. The dropout rate was 57%. The common side effects of treatment were development of fibrotic nodules (26%), abnormal liver function values (30%), and bruising (19%). We conclude that self-injection should be considered among the accepted treatments for erectile dysfunction. It does appear to enhance the sexual lives of men and women when the treatment is efficacious and the couple is motivated to utilize it.
Assessment of Heart Rate Variability and Respiratory Sinus Arrhythmia via Doppler Radar (2009)

<para xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> An investigation of heart rate variability (HRV) and respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) indices using data obtained from Doppler radar cardiopulmonary remote sensing is presented in this paper. High accuracy in extracting the HRV and RSA indices was achieved using a direct-conversion quadrature radar system with linear demodulation method. This method was validated using data obtained from 12 human subjects in seated and supine positions. For supine position measurements, all standard deviation of normal beat-to-beat interval indices from Doppler radar and electrocardiogram reference differed less than <formula formulatype="inline"><tex Notation="TeX">$\pm$</tex></formula>9 ms of each other, while all the root mean square of differences of successive normal beat-to-beat interval indices differed less than <formula formulatype="inline"> <tex Notation="TeX">$\pm$</tex></formula>76 ms. The measurements from subjects in seated and supine positions with normal RSA demonstrated that the results from radar correlated well with both respiratory piezoresistor chest belts. Higher level of HRV and RSA was detected in seated position, as expected. </para>
Supplementary Figure S1 from Mechanism of Oncogenic Signal Activation by the Novel Fusion Kinase FGFR3–BAIAP2L1 (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Sanger sequence of FGFR3-TACC3 fusion&lt;/p&gt;
Hydrodesulfurization of Thiophene on Activated Carbon Fiber Supported NiMo Catalysts (2017)

Activated carbon microfiber (ACF)-supported NiMo-based catalysts were prepared for the hydrodesulfurization (HDS) of thiophene. The catalysts were characterized for their physicochemical properties, using the Brunauer–Emmett–Teller, scanning electron microscopy, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, temperature-programmed reduction, and temperature-programmed desorption analysis. The effects of the NiO (promoter)-to-MoO3 (active metal oxide) ratios were experimentally determined on the HDS of thiophene (3% v/v in hydrogen) over the temperature range of 300–370 °C. The catalytic activity tests showed the optimum reaction temperature and weight ratio of NiO to the binary oxide mixture to be 350 °C and 0.25 at 12% (w/w) loading of MoO3, respectively. The pseudo-first order rate constant and activation energy for the HDS reaction were determined to be 980 × 10–6 mole thiophenes/gram catalyst min–1 and 46.3 kJ/mol, respectively, which were greater and smaller, respectively, than those for most of the supported metal catalysts discussed in literature for the HDS of thiophene. The prepared NiMo-based catalyst was found to be stable, with negligible loss of activity observed up to 30 h of the test run.
Copolymerization of ethylene with cycloolefins or cyclodiolefins by a constrained‐geometry catalyst (2005)

Abstract The copolymerization of ethylene and cycloolefins [cyclopentene (CPE), cyclohexene (CHX), cycloheptene (CHP), cyclooctene (COT), cyclododecene (CDO), norbornene (NB), and 5,6‐dihydrodicyclopentadiene HDCPD] and cyclodiolefins [1,3‐cyclopentadiene (CPD), 1,4‐cyclohexadiene (CHD), 1,5‐cyclooctadiene (COD), 2,5‐norbornadiene (NBD), and dicyclopentadiene (DCPD)] was investigated with a constrained‐geometry catalyst, dimethylsilylene(tetramethylcyclopentadienyl)( N ‐ tert ‐butyl)titanium dichloride, with methyl isobutyl aluminoxane as a cocatalyst. In the copolymerization with cycloolefins, the olefins, except for CHX, CDO, and HDCPD, were copolymerized via the 1,2‐insertion mode with the following reactivity: NB &gt; CHP &gt; COT &gt; CPE. In the copolymerization with cyclodiolefins, corresponding copolymers, except for copolymerization with CHD, were obtained. A crosslinking fraction was detected in the copolymers with COD and NBD. The reactivity of the cyclodiolefins, except for COD, was higher than that of the cycloolefins. CPD was copolymerized via 1,2‐insertion, 1,4‐insertion or 1,2‐insertion of dimerized DCPD. The copolymerization with COD showed peculiar behavior under the copolymerization condition of a high COD concentration in the feed. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 43: 1285–1291, 2005
Quantitative X-Ray Imaging of Intraplaque Hemorrhage in Aortas of ApoE???/???/LDL???/??? Double Knockout Mice (2007)

Detection and quantification of iron deposits in hemorrhaged atherosclerotic lesions is feasible by dual-energy CT imaging.
Phagocytosis and lymphocyte migration: evidence that lymphocyte trapping in the spleen following carbon injection is not due to direct lymphocyte-macrophage adherence. (1980)

The localization of intravenously injected labelled syngeneic lymphoid cells was studied in the spleen of mice and compared with the localization of Indian-ink-containing macrophages. To distinguish between Indian-ink-containing lysosomes of macrophages and silver grains formed in the autoradiographs over the radiolabelled cells, the latter grains were stained blue by a colour-coupling process. Labelled cells were injected 2 h after the Indian ink. Two hours after their injection the bulk of the labelled cells in the spleen was already localized in the white pulp. At this time the Indian ink had been ingested by macrophages in the marginal zone and to a somewhat lesser extent in the red pulp. Twenty-four hours after injection of the cells their concentration in the white pulp appeared constant or had decreased markedly, dependent on the source of the injected cells (spleen, lymph nodes or thymus). At this time carbon-containing macrophages were also found in the white pulp although they contained less carbon than macrophages in the marginal zone and red pulp. A positive correlation between labelled cells and carbon-containing macrophages was never seen in any part of the spleen. It is concluded that, if carbon-containing macrophages induce lymphocyte trapping, as has been supposed by other authors, this trapping must be mediated by the macrophages in an indirect way, e.g. by soluble mediator molecules released in the circulation.
MIRI spectrometer optical design (2018)

MIRI (the Mid InfraRed Instrument) is one of the focal plane instruments of the James Webb Space Telescope. The instrument comprises a camera and a spectrometer module. The instrument plays the following key roles in the JWST science program. - Discovery of the “first light”. - Assembly of galaxies: history of star formation, growth of black holes, production of heavy elements. - Formation of stars and planetary systems. - Evolution of planetary systems and conditions for life. The MIRI spectrometer covers the spectral range from 5 – 28.3 &mu;m with a spectral resolution better than 2000. The spectral module is an imaging spectrometer with a field of view &ge; 3 arcsec. The spectrometer consists of 4 spectral channels that share 2 detectors of 1024 &times; 1024 pixels each. In a single measurement one third of the wavelength range of the channels is imaged onto the detectors. By changing gratings the whole spectral range is covered in 3 measurements. In this paper the optical design of the MIRI spectrometer is described.
Finite Element Analysis and Test Correlation of a 10-Meter Inflation-Deployed Solar Sail (2005)

Under the direction of the NASA In-Space Propulsion Technology Office, the team of L Garde, NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Ball Aerospace, and NASA Langley Research Center has been developing a scalable solar sail configuration to address NASA's future space propulsion needs. Prior to a flight experiment of a full-scale solar sail, a comprehensive phased test plan is currently being implemented to advance the technology readiness level of the solar sail design. These tests consist of solar sail component, subsystem, and sub-scale system ground tests that simulate the vacuum and thermal conditions of the space environment. Recently, two solar sail test articles, a 7.4-m beam assembly subsystem test article and a 10-m four-quadrant solar sail system test article, were tested in vacuum conditions with a gravity-offload system to mitigate the effects of gravity. This paper presents the structural analyses simulating the ground tests and the correlation of the analyses with the test results. For programmatic risk reduction, a two-prong analysis approach was undertaken in which two separate teams independently developed computational models of the solar sail test articles using the finite element analysis software packages: NEiNastran and ABAQUS. This paper compares the pre-test and post-test analysis predictions from both software packages with the test data including load-deflection curves from static load tests, and vibration frequencies and mode shapes from vibration tests. The analysis predictions were in reasonable agreement with the test data. Factors that precluded better correlation of the analyses and the tests were uncertainties in the material properties, test conditions, and modeling assumptions used in the analyses.
Measuring properties of superposed light beams carrying different frequencies (2003)

When two electromagnetic fields of different frequencies are physically superposed, the linear superposition equation implies that the fields readjust themselves into a new mean frequency whose common amplitude undulates at half their difference frequency. Neither of these mathematical frequencies are measurable quantities. We present a set of experiments underscoring that optical fields do not interfere with each other or modify themselves into a new frequency even when they are physically superposed. The multi-frequency interference effects are manifest only in materials with broad absorption bands as their constituent diploes attempt to respond collectively and simultaneously to all the optical frequencies of the superposed fields. Interference is causal and real since the dipoles carry out the operation of summation dictated by their quantum mechanical properties.
Pneumocystis Cell Wall β-Glucans Stimulate Alveolar Epithelial Cell Chemokine Generation through Nuclear Factor-κB–Dependent Mechanisms (2005)

Exuberant inflammatory responses are associated with respiratory failure during Pneumocystis pneumonia. Alveolar epithelial cells (AECs) promote Pneumocystis attachment and proliferation, but also contribute prominently to host cytokine-mediated inflammation during pneumonia. Recent investigations indicate that AECs produce macrophage inflammatory protein-2 (MIP-2) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) following challenge with Pneumocystis carinii. Nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) is a ubiquitous transcription factor critical for regulation of proinflammatory cytokine expression. Herein, we assess rat AEC NF-kappaB responses to challenge with a P. carinii beta-glucan cell wall component (PCBG). Prominent nuclear translocation of p65 NF-kappaB was demonstrated following PCBG challenge. NF-kappaB activation was in part mediated through Protein Kinase C (PKC) signaling pathways. PCBG challenge of AECs was also shown to induce MIP-2 and TNF-alpha mRNA production, a response that was ameliorated by NF-kappaB inhibition. MIP-2 protein expression was also dramatically increased by PCBG challenge, in a manner that was significantly attenuated by both PKC and NF-kappaB inhibition. The data further demonstrate that AEC chemokine responses were not mediated by the recently described dectin-1 receptor, but instead involved participation of cell surface lactosylceramide. These data support a significant role for AECs in host responses during Pneumocystis pneumonia, and further indicate that beta-glucan induces inflammatory cytokine production through NF-kappaB-dependent mechanisms.