gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Growth inhibitory properties of endothelin-1 in activated human hepatic stellate cells: a cyclic adenosine monophosphate-mediated pathway. Inhibition of both extracellular signal-regulated kinase and c-Jun kinase and upregulation of endothelin B receptors. (1996)

During chronic liver diseases, hepatic stellate cells (HSC) acquire an activated myofibroblast-like phenotype, proliferate, and synthetize fibrosis components. We have shown that endothelin-1 (ET-1) inhibits the proliferation of activated human HSC via endothelin B (ETB) receptors. We now investigate the transduction pathway involved in the growth inhibitory effect of ET-1 in activated HSC. Endothelin-1 and the ETB receptor agonist, sarafotoxin-S6C, increased synthesis of PGI2 and PGE2, leading to elevation of cAMP. The cyclooxygenase inhibitor ibuprofen and the adenylyl cyclase inhibitor SQ22536 both blunted the growth inhibitory effect of ET-1. Analysis of early steps associated with growth inhibition indicated that: (a) similar to ET-1, forskolin decreased c-jun mRNA induction without affecting c-fos and krox 24 mRNA expression; (b) ET-1, sarafotoxin-S6C, as well as forskolin, reduced activation of both c-Jun kinase and extracellular signal-regulated kinase. Finally, forskolin, PGI2, and PGE2 raised by fivefold the number of ET binding sites after 6 h, and increased the proportion of ETB receptors from 50% in control cells to 80% in treated cells. In conclusion, ET-1 inhibits proliferation of activated HSC via ETB receptors, through a prostaglandin/cAMP pathway that leads to inhibition of both extracellular signal-regulated kinase and c-Jun kinase activities. Upregulation of ETB receptors by prostaglandin/cAMP raises the possibility of a positive feedback loop that would amplify the growth inhibitory response. These results suggest that ET-1 and agents that increase cAMP might be of interest to limit proliferation of activated HSC during chronic liver diseases.
Dismantling the bacterial virulence program (2019)

In the face of rising antimicrobial resistance, there is an urgent need for the development of efficient and effective anti-infective compounds. Adaptive resistance, a reversible bacterial phenotype characterized by the ability to surmount antibiotic challenge without mutation, is triggered to cope in situ with several stressors and is very common clinically. Thus, it is important to target stress-response effectors that contribute to in vivo adaptations and associated lifestyles such as biofilm formation. Interfering with these proteins should provide a means of dismantling bacterial virulence for treating infectious diseases, in combination with conventional antibiotics.
Interferon Tau: A Novel Pregnancy Recognition Signal (1997)

We propose that IFNtau affects endometrial gene expression by activating the Jak/Stat pathway, which results in formation of the ISGF3alpha transcription factor complex. ISGF3alpha binds to interferon-stimulated response elements and activates transcription of interferon-responsive genes such as interferon regulatory factor-1 (IRF-1) which, in turn, activates expression of the negative-acting transcription factor IRF-2. Pregnancy (or intrauterine injection of roIFNtau) results in a transient increase in endometrial IRF-1 expression followed 36-48 hr later by a sustained increase in IRF-2. We propose that IRF-2, or an IFNtau-induced negative regulatory factor like IRF-2, suppresses expression of the estrogen receptor gene and directly or indirectly blocks expression of the gene for oxytocin receptor to abrogate the uterine luteolytic mechanism and ensure the establishment of pregnancy.
Evaluation of a novel procedure for rapid detection of carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (CPE) using the LightMix ® modular carbapenemase kits (2016)

The LightMix<sup>®</sup> modular carbapenemase kits are highly reliable and utilizable assays for both colonized and septic patients, and can help in the improvement of infection control. Their modular design facilitates cost-effective detection of CPE in hospital settings.
Synapsin III is a key component of α‐synuclein fibrils in Lewy bodies of PD brains (2018)

Lewy bodies (LB) and Lewy neurites (LN), which are primarily composed of α-synuclein (α-syn), are neuropathological hallmarks of Parkinson's disease (PD) and dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB). We recently found that the neuronal phosphoprotein synapsin III (syn III) controls dopamine release via cooperation with α-syn and modulates α-syn aggregation. Here, we observed that LB and LN, in the substantia nigra of PD patients and hippocampus of one subject with DLB, displayed a marked immunopositivity for syn III. The in situ proximity ligation assay revealed the accumulation of numerous proteinase K-resistant neuropathological inclusions that contained both α-syn and syn III in tight association in the brain of affected subjects. Most strikingly, syn III was identified as a component of α-syn-positive fibrils in LB-enriched protein extracts from PD brains. Finally, a positive correlation between syn III and α-syn levels was detected in the caudate putamen of PD subjects. Collectively, these findings indicate that syn III is a crucial α-syn interactant and a key component of LB fibrils in the brain of patients affected by PD.
The application of association rules algorithm on web search engine (2009)

Aiming at the prevalently concerned mining problem about constructing concept search in current Web search engine area, especially applying the Vector Space Model VSM to Web search mining based on the association rules, this paper provides a highly efficient mining algorithm EARS. The EARS algorithm implements the association rules pruning based on VSM via constructing association library and computing similarity. The EARS stores the frequent itemsets via multi-dimensional linked lists and utilizes the recurrence relation among the frequent itemsets in order to effectively obtain the association rules. We verify the extended function of retrieving and querying on the Web and the results of these experiments indicate that our method is effective and feasible.
Long-term patency of the ductus arteriosus after balloon dilatation: an experimental study. (1984)

Balloon dilatation of the ductus arteriosus was carried out in vivo in eight piglets that were 12 to 16 days old. The ductus was functionally closed in all animals before dilatation. Long-term patency for periods of up to 6 months after the procedure was demonstrated in six animals by angiography, Doppler ultrasound examination, and at autopsy. The presence of hemodynamically significant shunts was indicated by clinical development of heart failure, pulmonary infections, and left ventricular hypertrophy. These results confirm the value of this laboratory preparation to create left-to-right shunts at the ductus level.
The CXCR4–CXCL12-Axis Is of Prognostic Relevance in DLBCL and Its Antagonists Exert Pro-Apoptotic Effects In Vitro (2019)

In tumor cells of more than 20 different cancer types, the <i>CXCR4-CXCL12</i>-axis is involved in multiple key processes including proliferation, survival, migration, invasion, and metastasis. Since data on this axis in diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) are inconsistent and limited, we comprehensively studied the <i>CXCR4-CXCL12</i>-axis in our DLBCL cohort as well as the effects of CXCR4 antagonists on lymphoma cell lines in vitro. In DLBCL, we observed a 140-fold higher <i>CXCR4</i> expression compared to non-neoplastic controls, which was associated with poor clinical outcome. In corresponding bone marrow biopsies, we observed a correlation of <i>CXCL12</i> expression and lymphoma infiltration rate as well as a reduction of <i>CXCR4</i> expression in remission of bone marrow involvement after treatment. Additionally, we investigated the effects of three CXCR4 antagonists in vitro. Therefore, we used AMD3100 (Plerixafor), AMD070 (Mavorixafor), and WKI, the niacin derivative of AMD070, which we synthesized. WK1 demonstrated stronger pro-apoptotic effects than AMD070 in vitro and induced expression of pro-apoptotic genes of the BCL2-family in CXCR4-positive lymphoma cell lines. Finally, WK1 treatment resulted in the reduced expression of JNK-, ERK1/2- and NF-κB/BCR-target genes. These data indicate that the <i>CXCR4-CXCL12</i>-axis impacts the pathogenesis of DLBCL and represents a potential therapeutic target in aggressive lymphomas.
1H NMR studies of the high-affinity Rev binding site of the Rev responsive element of HIV-1 mRNA: base pairing in the core binding element (1994)

1H NMR studies of a 30-nucleotide RNA oligonucleotide (RBE3), which contains a high-affinity binding site for Rev of the HIV-1 Rev responsive element (RRE), two derivatives of RBE3 (RBE3AA and RBE3-A), and the complex of RBE3 with peptides derived from the RNA binding domain of HIV-1 Rev, are presented. The high-affinity binding site of the RRE consists of an asymmetric internal loop and surrounding Watson-Crick base pairs. In the wild-type RRE, one of the stems is closed by a loop; this is replaced in REB3 by the stable UUCG tetraloop. NOE data suggest that the internal loop of the free RNA contains structural features that have been predicted on the basis of in vitro selection experiments [Bartel, D.P., et al. (1991) Cell 67, 529-536]. The structural features include a Gsyn.Ganti base pair, a Ganti.Aanti base pair, and a looped out U. When the Rev peptide is bound to the RNA, the base pairs in the internal loop appear to be stabilized, although the RNA chemical shifts indicate that the RNA conformation undergoes some changes when bound by Rev peptide.
New approach to aqueous gel permeation chromatography of nonderivatized cellulose (1980)

Abstract A novel approach to the gel permeation chromatography (GPC) of nonderivatized cellulose is reported using Sepharose CL‐6B as the column packing material, 0.5 N NaOH as the eluent, and cadoxen as the cellulose solvent. The traditional approach to GPC of cellulose has been to convert the cellulose to its nitrate thereby making it soluble in the solvent tetrahydrofuran. The circumvention of the need to derivatize the cellulose in the new system results in considerable saving of time. The new system gives good fractionation for cellulose. It also provides excellent separation of polystyrene sulfonate and dextran standards thereby making the system amenable to calibration. The effect of the particle size distribution of the column packing material on the efficiency of separation is discussed. Potential applications for this new method include studies on both acidic and enzymatic hydrolysis as well as fine structure of cellulose, starch, and other polymers capable of forming stable alkaline solutions.
LASER THERAPY WAS VOTED THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL FOR JAPANESE SOCIETY FOR LASER REPRODUCTION (JaSLaR) AT THE 2ND MEETING IN MARCH, 2007. (2008)

Infertility treatment is currently attracting a lot of attention in Japan as a countermeasure to the falling birthrate which has been declining since 2006. Very worthy of note is the recent evolution of the combination use in many clinical specialities of traditional treatment and low reactive-level laser therapy (LLLT), reports on which have demonstrated significantly enhanced effects compared with the conventional treatment approach on its own. This has also proved true in the field of female infertility.
Effects of Active Sting Damping on Common Research Model Data Quality (2011)

Recent tests using the Common Research Model (CRM) at the Langley National Transonic Facility (NTF) and the Ames 11-foot Transonic Wind Tunnel (11' TWT) produced large sets of data that have been used to examine the effects of active damping on transonic tunnel aerodynamic data quality. In particular, large statistically significant sets of repeat data demonstrate that the active damping system had no apparent effect on drag, lift and pitching moment repeatability during warm testing conditions, while simultaneously enabling aerodynamic data to be obtained post stall. A small set of cryogenic (high Reynolds number) repeat data was obtained at the NTF and again showed a negligible effect on data repeatability. However, due to a degradation of control power in the active damping system cryogenically, the ability to obtain test data post-stall was not achieved during cryogenic testing. Additionally, comparisons of data repeatability between NTF and 11-ft TWT CRM data led to further (warm) testing at the NTF which demonstrated that for a modest increase in data sampling time, a 2-3 factor improvement in drag, and pitching moment repeatability was readily achieved not related with the active damping system.
Difference triangle sets from affine planes (2002)

This article obtains new difference triangle sets using affine planes. Difference triangle sets have a number of interesting applications in data communications. In these applications, it is desirable to have difference triangle sets with small scopes.
Probing in Vivo Metabolism by Stable Isotope Labeling of Storage Lipids and Proteins in Developing Brassica napus Embryos (2002)

Developing embryos of Brassica napus accumulate both triacylglycerols and proteins as major storage reserves. To evaluate metabolic fluxes during embryo development, we have established conditions for stable isotope labeling of cultured embryos under steady-state conditions. Sucrose supplied via the endosperm is considered to be the main carbon and energy source for seed metabolism. However, in addition to 220 to 270 mM carbohydrates (sucrose, glucose, and fructose), analysis of endosperm liquid revealed up to 70 mM amino acids as well as 6 to 15 mM malic acid. Therefore, a labeling approach with multiple carbon sources is a precondition to quantitatively reflect fluxes of central carbon metabolism in developing embryos. Mid-cotyledon stage B. napus embryos were dissected from plants and cultured for 15 d on a complex liquid medium containing (13)C-labeled carbohydrates. The (13)C enrichment of fatty acids and amino acids (after hydrolysis of the seed proteins) was determined by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Analysis of (13)C isotope isomers of labeled fatty acids and plastid-derived amino acids indicated that direct glycolysis provides at least 90% of precursors of plastid acetyl-coenzyme A (CoA). Unlabeled amino acids, when added to the growth medium, did not reduce incorporation of (13)C label into plastid-formed fatty acids, but substantially diluted (13)C label in seed protein. Approximately 30% of carbon in seed protein was derived from exogenous amino acids and as a consequence, the use of amino acids as a carbon source may have significant influence on the total carbon and energy balance in seed metabolism. (13)C label in the terminal acetate units of C(20) and C(22) fatty acids that derive from cytosolic acetyl-CoA was also significantly diluted by unlabeled amino acids. We conclude that cytosolic acetyl-CoA has a more complex biogenetic origin than plastidic acetyl-CoA. Malic acid in the growth medium did not dilute (13)C label incorporation into fatty acids or proteins and can be ruled out as a source of carbon for the major storage components of B. napus embryos.
Crystal structure of Sar1-GDP at 1.7 A resolution and the role of the NH2 terminus in ER export (2001)

The Sar1 GTPase is an essential component of COPII vesicle coats involved in export of cargo from the ER. We report the 1.7-A structure of Sar1 and find that consistent with the sequence divergence of Sar1 from Arf family GTPases, Sar1 is structurally distinct. In particular, we show that the Sar1 NH2 terminus contains two regions: an NH2-terminal extension containing an evolutionary conserved hydrophobic motif that facilitates membrane recruitment and activation by the mammalian Sec12 guanine nucleotide exchange factor, and an alpha1' amphipathic helix that contributes to interaction with the Sec23/24 complex that is responsible for cargo selection during ER export. We propose that the hydrophobic Sar1 NH2-terminal activation/recruitment motif, in conjunction with the alpha1' helix, mediates the initial steps in COPII coat assembly for export from the ER.
Dog immunoglobulins. I. immunochemical characterization of dog serum, parotid saliva, colostrum, milk and small bowel fluid. (1975)

The levels of immunoglobulins A, M and G were measured in dog serum, colostrum, milk, parotid saliva and small bowel fluid using the single radial immunodiffusion method. All the external secretions except early colostrum, by contrast with serum, were found to be rich in IgA with small quantities of IgM and IgG. Exocrine immunoglobulins were partially characterized by gel filtration.
Energy Cost of Advertisements in Mobile Games on the Android Platform (2012)

Advertisements (ads) are a common source of revenue for monetizing free mobile applications, but increase the energy consumption of a mobile device because the advertisement have to be fetched and displayed. In particular, the radio communication needed for the data transfer is power hungry and therefore advertisement sponsored free applications consume more energy than paid apps. This energy cost can be justified for Internet and social-applications but not for standalone games where always-on Internet connectivity is not necessarily required. In this paper, we analyze the energy consumed by mobile advertisements in an Android Phone. We measure the energy consumption by comparing the power usage of mobile phone games with and without advertisements. Our results show that advertisements in general consume significant amount of energy, but the consumption depends on how frequently advertisements are requested from the advertisement server(Ad Mob Server). In applications where advertisements are fetched frequently the energy consumed is higher, while in applications where advertisements are fetched rarely, it is lower. Moreover, we observe that the Ad Mob Server does not always send a new advertisement for each request but responds with a HTTP 304 (Resource Not Modified) leading to unnecessary usage of network and energy.
Preparing MEF-cultured hPSCs for nucleofection v1 (2022)

This protocol describes the procedure or preparing MEF-cultured human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) for the delivery of plasmids, mRNA or ribonucleoprotein (RNP) using nucleofection. General notes 1. Throughout this protocol, the term hPSC is used to collectively refer to both hiPSCs and hESCs. All described procedures have been tested and work equally well for hiPSCs and hESCs. 2. This protocol is to prepare cells for protocol nucleofection of hPSCs. Before starting, familiarize yourself with the protocol and the required preparations. A detailed protocol on maintaining MEF-cultured hPSCs can be found in the collection "Maintenance and inactivation of mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) as feeder cells for human pluripotent stem cell culture;" doi: 3. Detailed protocols for preparing plasmids, RNA, and RNP for nucleofection can be found in the collection "Nucleofection (Amaxa) and electroporation (Biorad) of hPSCs." A link to this collection can be found in the title section of this protocol, located above
Evaluating standard-based self-virtualizing devices: A performance study on 10 GbE NICs with SR-IOV support (2010)

Virtual machine (VM) technologies have made much progress in improving the efficiency of virtualizing CPU and memory. However, achieving high performance for I/O virtualization remains a challenge, especially for high speed networking devices such as 10 Gigabit Ethernet (10GbE) NICs, and commonly used software-based I/O virtualization approaches usually suffer significant performance degradation compared with native hardware. One promising approach to address the performance issue of I/O virtualization is to use single root I/O virtualization (SR-IOV) devices which have been standardized by the PCI-SIG. With SR-IOV, a PCI Express (PCIe) device can present itself as multiple virtual devices. By dedicating a virtual device to a single VM, it is possible for the VM to access the virtual device hardware directly, thus reducing overheads such as context/control switches and extra memory copies. However, SR-IOV comes with its limitations such as requiring special hardware support and increased complexity in achieving VM tasks such as checkpointing, migration, and record/reply. Therefore, it is very important for us to fully understand the performance benefit of SR-IOV before adopting it. Unfortunately, there exists little previous work which provides such information. In this paper, we present a detailed performance evaluation of a 10 GbE SR-IOV PCIe device from Neterion in the KVM (Kernelbased Virtual Machine) virtualization environment. Our focus is not just performance metrics such as bandwidth and latency, but also other aspects of the system such as CPU utilization, memory access, VM exits, and host/guest interrupts. We have also studied several important factors that affect networking performance in both virtualized and native systems. These include issues such as the MTU size, the use of a single processor versus multiple processors, IRQ affinity, and IRQ distribution. Our experiments show that the hardware-based SR-IOV approach provides superior performance to the software-based approach in KVM. SR-IOV can achieve close to line rate TCP communication (9.3 Gbps) for both transmitting (Tx) and receiving (Rx) with the standard 1500 byte Ethernet MTU, although it does consume more CPU cycles than the native (non-virtualized) case. Overall, our evaluation demonstrates that the SR-IOV approach has great potential to achieve high performance I/O in a virtualized environment.
Fault tolerant design of multimedia servers (1995)

Recent technological advances have made multimedia on-demand servers feasible. Two challenging tasks in such systems are: a) satisfying the real-time requirement for continuous delivery of objects at specified bandwidths and b) efficiently servicing multiple clients simultaneously. To accomplish these tasks and realize economies of scale associated with servicing a large user population, the multimedia server can require a large disk subsystem. Although a single disk is fairly reliable, a large disk farm can have an unacceptably high probability of disk failure. Further, due to the real-time constraint, the reliability and availability requirements of multimedia systems are very stringent. In this paper we investigate techniques for providing a high degree of reliability and availability, at low disk storage, bandwidth, and memory costs for on-demand multimedia servers.
Multiple Audio Spots Design Based on Separating Emission of Carrier and Sideband Waves (2014)

The parametric loudspeaker has sharper directivity and it can an achieve audio spot which can represent the audible sound to a narrow spatial area. However, the parametric loudspeaker has problems caused by reflections and intercepts because they become noise to other listeners except a target listener. Here, we focus on that principle of the parametric loudspeaker. It can be formulated as non-linear interaction of carrier and sideband waves in emitted ultrasonic sounds on the air. This suggests that we can design audio spot by individually emitting the carrier and sideband waves. Thus, we have proposed the design method of audio spot with separating emission of the carrier and sideband waves. The former proposed method has designed a single audio spot using multiple parametric loudspeakers. In the present paper, we propose the design method of multiple audio spots based on separating emission of the carrier and sideband waves using multiple parametric loudspeakers. More specifically, the audible sound is demodulated at multiple audible areas where the single carrier and sideband waves individually emitted from each parametric loudspeaker are overlapped. As a result of evaluation experiments with the sound energy distribution, we confirmed the effectiveness of the proposed method.