gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Intracellular targets of moxifloxacin: a comparison with other fluoroquinolones (2000)

The in vitro activity of the novel 8-methoxyquinolone, moxifloxacin, against Streptococcus pneumoniae was evaluated, and the intracellular targets of this agent were studied. Analysis of mutant strains selected with moxifloxacin demonstrated that first-step mutants bore amino acid substitutions at position 81 in the GyrA subunit of DNA gyrase. This suggests that, unlike older fluoroquinolone agents such as ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin, but similar to other C-8 substituted quinolones like sparfloxacin and gatifloxacin, moxifloxacin targets the GyrA subunit of DNA gyrase as an initial lethal event. Such a mechanism results in high activity against increasingly common S. pneumoniae strains bearing substitutions in DNA topoisomerase IV. Moxifloxacin was active with an MIC of </= 0.25 mg/L against S. pneumoniae clinical isolates, and against mutants, selected in the laboratory with ciprofloxacin or levofloxacin, that bore a Ser-79-->Phe/Tyr substitution in ParC. The moxifloxacin MIC for strains with mutations in the structural genes for both DNA gyrase subunit GyrA and DNA topoisomerase IV subunit ParC did not exceed 2 mg/L, a level within clinically achievable serum concentrations for this agent. We also found that moxifloxacin is a poor substrate for active efflux in S. pneumoniae. Therefore, the high activity of moxifloxacin against S. pneumoniae appears to be a result of both enhanced activity against DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV, and reduced efflux from the bacterial cell.
A robust approach to the synthesis of Dolph-Chebyshev beampatterns for uniform circular arrays (2001)

The Davies transformation is a method to transform the steering vector of a uniform circular array to another vector with Vandermonde form. However, this transformation can be highly sensitive to perturbations of the underlying ideal array model. In this paper, we describe a method for deriving a more robust transformation using optimisation techniques. The effectiveness of the method is illustrated through a numerical example.
Autocorrelations ofR-Rdistributions as a measure of heart variability (1997)

We introduce an algorithm for on-line measurement of instant changes of heart dynamics. It measures the variability of $R$-$R$ segments in electrocardiagrams. The method is based on measuring the autocorrelations of the distributions of the system's dynamical variable. The algorithm has been tested on a sample of cardiac conditions.
T cell receptor peptide vaccination in rheumatoid arthritis: A placebo-controlled trial using a combination of V?3, V?14, and V?17 Peptides (1998)

IR501 therapeutic vaccine therapy was safe and well tolerated, immunogenic, and demonstrated clinical improvement in RA patients. Additional clinical trials are planned to confirm and extend these observations.
Indirect Lightning Performance of Aerial Distribution Lines Considering the Induced-Voltage Waveform (2015)

This paper shows that the wave-shape parameters of lightning-induced voltages (front-time and time-to-half value) are influenced by the ground resistivity, the line length, and the distance between the flash and the line. In general, these parameters increase with the ground resistivity, the line length, and the distance from the flash. The probabilistic distribution of the waveshape parameters are presented, considering different values of line length and ground resistivity. The effect of the induced voltage waveform on the indirect lightning performance of aerial distribution lines is evaluated using the disruptive effect (DE) method as a flashover criterion. The resulting flashover rates differ significantly from those obtained when only the peak value is used as flashover criterion. The use of a correction factor to multiply the line critical flashover when using the peak value as a flashover criterion is investigated.
Evaluation of iatrogenic lesions in 722 surgically treated cases of peripheral nerve trauma (2001)

latrogenic injuries should be corrected in a timely fashion just like any other traumatic injury to nerve.
Respiratory Gas Analysis—Technical Aspects (2017)

A technology-focused review of respiratory gas analysis, with an emphasis on carbon dioxide analysis, is presented. The measurement technologies deployed commercially are highlighted, and the basic principles and technical concerns of infrared spectroscopy and mainstream versus sidestream gas sampling are discussed. The specifications of particular interest to the clinician, accuracy and response time, and the related standard, with typical values for a capnometer, are presented. Representative time and volumetric capnograms are shown with the clinically relevant parameters described. Aspects of the terminology in present-day use and the need for clarity in defining what is a breath and an end-tidal value are reviewed. The applications of capnography of particular interest to the anesthesiologist are noted, and key references are provided. Ongoing developments with respect to respiratory gas analysis, and those that will impact it, are noted.
Next-Generation Personalized Medicine: Implementation of Variability Patterns for Overcoming Drug Resistance in Chronic Diseases (2022)

Chronic diseases are a significant healthcare problem. Partial or complete non-responsiveness to chronic therapies is a significant obstacle to maintaining the long-term effect of drugs in these patients. A high degree of intra- and inter-patient variability defines pharmacodynamics, drug metabolism, and medication response. This variability is associated with partial or complete loss of drug effectiveness. Regular drug dosing schedules do not comply with physiological variability and contribute to resistance to chronic therapies. In this review, we describe a three-phase platform for overcoming drug resistance: introducing irregularity for improving drug response; establishing a deep learning, closed-loop algorithm for generating a personalized pattern of irregularity for overcoming drug resistance; and upscaling the algorithm by implementing quantified personal variability patterns along with other individualized genetic and proteomic-based ways. The closed-loop, dynamic, subject-tailored variability-based machinery can improve the efficacy of existing therapies in patients with chronic diseases.
The force on a body moving in an inviscid fluid (2020)

This paper presents some novel contributions to the theory of inviscid flow regarding the forces exerted on a body moving through such a fluid in two dimensions. It is argued that acceleration of the body corresponds to vorticity generation that is independent of the instantaneous velocity of the body and thus the boundary condition on the normal velocity. The strength of the vortex sheet representing the body retains a degree of freedom that represents the net effect of the tangential boundary condition associated with the viscous flow governed by the higher-order Navier-Stokes equations. This degree of freedom is the circulation of the vorticity generated by the acceleration of the body. Equivalently, it is the net circulation around a contour enclosing the body and any shed vorticity. In accordance with Kelvin's circulation theorem, a non-zero value of the circulation around this system is necessarily communicated to infinity. This contrasts with the usual acceptance of the theorem as requiring this circulation to be zero at all times; a condition that is incapable of capturing the effect of newly generated vorticity on the body surface when it accelerates. Additionally, the usual boundary condition of continuity of normal velocity is relaxed to allow for fluid entrainment into surfaces of discontinuity that represent the mass contained within the viscous layers of the physical problem. The generalized force calculation is presented in detail. The importance of the vorticity generation due to body acceleration is demonstrated on some modeled problems relevant to biological propulsion.
Linear signal synthesis using the Radon-Wigner transform (1994)

Thresholding the Radon-Wigner transform (RWT) followed by filtered backprojection to the time-frequency plane reduces noise and cross-term power for multicomponent linear-FM signals. Although the RWT is bilinear, it may be calculated as the magnitude-squared of two linear functions. In this paper, we derive a linear synthesis algorithm from the RWT and demonstrate its efficacy.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Progress on Xe-DPP source development for alpha phase (2008)

EUVL source development at XTREME technologies benefits from the learning gained in previous developments for EUV Micro Exposure and Alpha Tools. Field data available from operation of these tools represent the basis for continuous improvement in core technology areas such as plasma generation and forming, component reliability, debris mitigation and optical performance. Results from integration and first operation of alpha tool sources are presented in the areas power performance, component lifetime and debris mitigation efficiency. The analysis results and simulation work of the realized EUV source concept are discussed and innovative concepts for component and module improvements are introduced. In term of intermediate focus power, 4W has been achieved. Moreover the factor of 1.6 higher IF power to previous results has been implied to demonstrate capability for the achievement of more than 5W. For the Beta-tool and HVM source generations a joint development work between XTREME technologies and Philips EUV is introduced. The related work is content of another presentation of this conference.
GantryMate: A Modular MR-Compatible Assistance System for MR-Guided Needle Interventions (2019)

Percutaneous minimally invasive interventions are difficult to perform in closed-bore high-field magnetic resonance systems owing to the limited space between magnet and patient. To enable magnetic resonance–guided needle interventions, we combine a small, patient-mounted assistance system with a real-time instrument tracking sequence based on a phase-only cross-correlation algorithm for marker detection. The assistance system uses 2 movable plates to align an external passive marker with the anatomical target structure. The targeting accuracy is measured in phantom experiments, yielding a precision of 1.7 ± 1.0 mm for target depths up to 38 ± 13 mm. In in vivo experiments, the possibility to track and target static and moving structures is demonstrated.
Characterization of an acquired inhibitor to coagulation factor V. Antibody binding to the second C-type domain of factor V inhibits the binding of factor V to phosphatidylserine and neutralizes procoagulant activity. (1992)

Coagulation Factor V is an essential component of the prothrombinase complex, which activates the zymogen prothrombin to thrombin. A patient was described who developed a Factor V inhibitor that neutralized the procoagulant activity of Factor V and resulted in a fatal hemorrhagic diathesis (Coots, M. C., A. F. Muhleman, and H. I. Glueck. 1978. Am. J. Hematol. 4:193-206). This inhibitor was shown to be an IgG antibody that bound to the light chain of Factor V. Using a series of light chain deletion mutants, we have found that this antibody binds to the second C-type domain of the light chain. Both inhibitor IgG and Fab fragments rapidly neutralized the procoagulant activity of Factor Va, implying that the neutralization resulted from specific binding to the C2 domain. We have previously demonstrated that deletion of the C2 domain results in loss of procoagulant activity, as well as loss of phosphatidylserine-specific binding. Confirming these results, both inhibitor IgG and Fab fragments interfered with phosphatidylserine-specific binding of Factor V. Conversely, preincubation of Factor Va with procoagulant phospholipids protected the cofactor from inactivation by the inhibitor. Our results suggest that this inhibitor neutralizes the procoagulant activity of Factor Va by interfering with the C2-mediated interaction with phospholipid surfaces, thereby disrupting formation of the prothrombinase complex.
Transgenic mice overexpressing the shortest human tau isoform develop a progressive tauopathy (2001)

Tau is an abundant microtubule-associated protein in the CNS that is implicated in the pathogenesis of frontotemporal dementia with parkinsonism linked to chromosome 17 (FTDP17), progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis/parkinsonismdementia complex (ALS/PDC) of Guam, Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and a number of other neurodegenerative diseases known as tauopathies [1–4].Tauopathies are characterized neuropathologically by numerous inclusions formed by aggregated paired helical filaments (PHFs) and/or straight filaments composed of aberrantly phosphorylated tau proteins (PHFtau) in selectively vulnerable neurons and glial cells throughout widespread regions of the CNS [1–4].
TH‐D‐VaIB‐03: Unified Algorithm for KV and MV Scatter and Beam‐Hardening Correction Using the Convolution‐Superposition Method (2006)

Purpose: Quantitative cone beam CT (CBCT) is essential for advanced radiation oncology (RO) applications such as portal image‐based 3D dose reconstruction. Quantitative CT requires accurate modeling of scatter, beam‐hardening and detector response. Scatter correction methods are typically semi‐empirical in nature and are designed to reduce visible artifacts while incurring low computational cost. In contrast, Monte Carlo (MC) methods are accurate but impractically slow. Convolution‐superposition (CS) scatter models offer a good balance between accuracy and computational complexity. We show how CS can be employed to implement a unified correction method that enables quantitative kV and MV imaging. Method and Materials: (1) We perform detailed MC modeling of the kV and MV cone beam imaging systems. (2) Using MC, we generate calibration data that map intensities recorded on the flat panel imagers to water‐equivalent thicknesses (WETs). (3) The MC models are used to generate pencil beam kernels for water cylinders of varying thickness. (4) Scattergrams are generated from acquired projection images via the CS method using these kernels indexed by the WET at each pixel. (5) Scattergrams are iteratively refined using a multiplicative correction formula that ensures that the estimated primary image remains non‐negative even when scatter‐to‐primary ratios are very high. (6) The FDK reconstruction algorithm is applied directly to the thickness maps corresponding to the estimated primary images. Results: The algorithm is able to reduce maximum non‐uniformity in the reconstruction of a 16cm cylindrical homogeneous tissue equivalent phantom from 11.7% to 1.5%. When applied to a challenging 35cm × 22.5cm oblong water phantom, a non‐uniformity reduction in from 36% to 2.5% is achieved. A dataset of 200 1024×1024 projections can be processed in 25 seconds. Conclusions: CS methods can be used at both kV and MV energies to enable reconstruction of quantitative CBCT images. Conflict of Interest: Supported by Siemens.
A hemoglobin from plants homologous to truncated hemoglobins of microorganisms (2001)

We have identified a nuclear-encoded Hb from plants (GLB3) that has a central domain similar to the "truncated" Hbs of bacteria, protozoa, and algae. The three-dimensional structure of these Hbs is a 2-on-2 arrangement of alpha-helices, distinct from the 3-on-3 arrangement of the standard globin fold [Pesce, A., Couture, M., Dewilde, S., Guertin, M., Yamauchi, K., Ascenzi, P., Moens, L. & Bolognesi, M. (2000) EMBO J. 19, 2424-2434]. GLB3-like genes are not found in animals or yeast, but our analysis reveals that they are present in a wide range of Angiosperms and a Bryophyte. Although cyanobacteria and Chlamydomonas have 2-on-2 Hbs (GLBN), GLB3 is more likely related to GLBO-type 2-on-2 Hbs from bacteria. Consequently, GLB3 is unlikely to have arisen from a horizontal transfer between the chloroplast and nuclear genomes. Arabidopsis thaliana GLB3 protein exhibits unusual concentration-independent binding of O(2) and CO. The absorbance spectrum of deoxy-GLB3 is unique; the protein forms a transient six-coordinate structure after reduction and deoxygenation, which slowly converts to a five-coordinate structure. In A. thaliana, GLB3 is expressed throughout the plant but responds to none of the treatments that induce plant 3-on-3 Hbs. Our analysis of the sequence, ligand interactions, and expression profile of GLB3 indicates that this protein has unique biochemical properties, evolutionary history, and, most likely, a function distinct from those of other plant Hbs.
Utility of interferons in clinical radiotherapy. (1982)

Interferons are being tested in the treatment of a wide range of malignancies. Clinical experience has indicated that interferons may have relatively few side effects compared to other commonly used antineoplastic agents. In addition, they have shown activity as radiation response modifiers in various experimental systems. Thus, as natural biological compounds, interferons may prove to be superior to other radiation response modifiers now on clinical trial in radiotherapy. In this paper radiation-interferon interactions are reviewed and the evaluation of the usefulness of interferons as an adjuvant in radiotherapy is discussed.
A Cross-Environment Study of Routing Protocols for Wireless Multi-hop Networks (2007)

Abstract—We study ad hoc routing protocol mechanisms that impact the performance during and after periods of connectivity change. Our evaluation procedure is facilitated by using a structured and tool-supported approach, combining real world experiments with simulation and emulation. This method enables us to find performancecritical time regions in our traces. Our analysis shows that performance is largely determined by how accurately a protocol senses connectivity in these regions. Inaccurate sensing can seriously affect the performance of the protocol, even after the critical regions. We identify three significant problems with sensing that we call Selfinterference, TCP backlashing and Link cache poisoning. We discuss their effect on the design of sensing mechanisms in routing protocols and suggest how the protocols can be made more robust. I.
Aquaporins and Neurodegenerative Diseases (2010)

Aquaporins (AQPs) are a family of widely distributed membrane-inserted water channel proteins providing a pathway for osmotically-driven water, glycerol, urea or ions transport through cell membranes and mechanisms to control particular aspects of homeostasis. Beside their physiological expression patterns in Central Nervous System (CNS), it is conceivable that AQPs are also abnormally expressed in some pathological conditions interesting CNS (e.g. neurodegenerative diseases) in which preservation of brain homeostasis is at risk.The purpose of this review was to take in consideration those neurodegenerative diseases in whose pathogenetic processes it was possible to hypothesize some alterations in CNS AQPs expression or modulation leading to damages of brain water homeostasis.
Integrated Injury Prevention Program Improves Balance and Vertical Jump Height in Children (2010)

Implementing an injury prevention program to athletes under age 12 years may reduce injury rates. There is limited knowledge regarding whether these young athletes will be able to modify balance and performance measures after completing a traditional program that has been effective with older athletes or whether they require a specialized program for their age. The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of a pediatric program, which was designed specifically for young athletes, and a traditional program with no program in the ability to change balance and performance measures in youth athletes. We used a cluster-randomized controlled trial to evaluate the effects of the programs before and after a 9-week intervention period. Sixty-five youth soccer athletes (males: n = 37 mass = 34.16 +/- 5.36 kg, height = 143.07 +/- 6.27 cm, age = 10 +/- 1 yr; females: n = 28 mass = 33.82 +/- 5.37 kg, height = 141.02 +/- 6.59 cm) volunteered to participate and attended 2 testing sessions in a research laboratory. Teams were cluster-randomized to either a pediatric or traditional injury prevention program or a control group. Change scores for anterior-posterior and medial-lateral time-to-stabilization measures and maximum vertical jump height and power were calculated from pretest and post-test sessions. Contrary with our original hypotheses, the traditional program resulted in positive changes, whereas the pediatric program did not result in any improvements. Anterior-posterior time-to-stabilization decreased after the traditional program (mean change +/- SD = -0.92 +/- 0.49 s) compared with the control group (-0.49 +/- 0.59 s) (p = 0.003). The traditional program also increased vertical jump height (1.70 +/- 2.80 cm) compared with the control group (0.20 +/- 0.20 cm) (p = 0.04). There were no significant differences between control and pediatric programs. Youth athletes can improve balance ability and vertical jump height after completing an injury prevention program. Training specificity appears to affect improvements and should be considered with future program design.
Thermomorphic Polyethylene-Supported Olefin Metathesis Catalysts (2011)

The preparation of polyethylene-oligomer (PE(olig))-supported N-heterocyclic carbene ligands (NHCs) and their Ru complexes is described. These complexes are structurally analogous to their low molecular weight counterparts and can serve as thermomorphic, recoverable/recyclable ring-closing metathesis (RCM) catalysts. Because of the insolubility of PE(olig)-supported species at 25 °C, such complexes can perform homogeneous RCM reactions at 65 °C and, upon cooling, precipitate as solids. This allows for their quantitative separation from solutions of products.
The Non-Coherent Ultra-Dense C-RAN Is Capable of Outperforming Its Coherent Counterpart at a Limited Fronthaul Capacity (2018)

The weighted sum rate maximization problem of ultra-dense cloud radio access networks (C-RANs) is considered, where realistic fronthaul capacity constraints are incorporated. To reduce the training overhead, pilot reuse is adopted and the transmit beamforming is designed to be robust to the channel estimation errors. In contrast to the conventional C-RAN where the remote radio heads (RRHs) coherently transmit their data symbols to the user, we consider their non-coherent transmission, where no strict phase synchronization is required. By exploiting the classic successive interference cancellation technique, we first derive the closed-form expressions of the individual data rates from each serving RRH to the user and the overall data rate for each user that is not related to their decoding order. Then, we adopt the reweighted l <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sub> -norm technique to approximate the l <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0</sub> -norm in the fronthaul capacity constraints as the weighted power constraints. A low-complexity algorithm based on a novel sequential convex approximation (SCA) algorithm is developed to solve the resultant optimization problem with convergence guarantee. A beneficial initialization method is proposed to find the initial points of the SCA algorithm. Our simulation results show that in the high fronthaul capacity regime, the coherent transmission is superior to the non-coherent one in terms of its weighted sum rate. However, significant performance gains can be achieved by the non-coherent transmission over the coherent one in the low fronthaul capacity regime, which is the case in ultradense C-RANs, where mmWave fronthaul links with stringent capacity requirements are employed.