gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of graphene nanoribbons with a defined mixed edge-site sequence by surface assisted polymerization of (1,6)-dibromopyrene on Ag(110) (2016)

By a combination of scanning tunneling microscopy, X-ray spectroscopic techniques and density functional theory calculations, we prove the formation of extended patterns of parallel, graphene nanoribbons with alternate zig-zag and armchair edges and selected width by surface-assisted Ullmann coupling polymerization and dehydrogenation of 1,6-dibromopyrene (C<sub>16</sub>H<sub>8</sub>Br<sub>2</sub>). Besides the relevance of these nanostructures for their possible application in nanodevices, we demonstrate the peculiarity of halogenated pyrene derivatives for the formation of nanoribbons, in particular on Ag(110). These results open the possibility of tuning the shape and dimension of nanoribbons (and hence the correlated electronic properties) by choosing suitably tailored or on-purpose designed molecular precursors.
Bootstrap test of ordered RIG for multiple testing in genomics of Quantitative Trait Loci in yeasts (2015)

The problem of identification of pair of loci associated with heat tolerance in yeasts is considered. Interactions of Quantitative Trait Loci (QTL) in heat selected yeast are analysed by comparing them to an unselected pool of random individuals. Data on individual F12 progeny selected for heat tolerance, which have been genotyped at 25 locations identified by sequencing a selected pool, are re-examined. 960 individuals were genotyped at these locations and multi-locus genotype frequencies were compared to 172 sequenced individuals from the original unselected pool. We use Relative Information Gain (RIG) for analysis of associations between loci. Correlation analysis in many pairs of loci requires multi testing methods. Two multi testing approaches are applied for selection of associations: False Discovery Rate (FDR) in the version suggested by J.D. Storey and R. Tibshirani and specially developed Bootstrap Test of ordered RIG (BToRIG). We show that a statistical analysis of entropy and information gain in genotypes of a selected population can reveal further interactions than previously seen. Importantly this is done in comparison to the unselected population’s genotypes to account for inherent biases in the original population.
Heat Shock Protein 60 Specific T‐Cell Response in Chlamydial Infections (2001)

Heat shock proteins (HSPs) of most pathogens, including Chlamydia, are major immune targets of both humoral- and cell-mediated immune mechanisms. During the last decade, many investigators have focused their research to elucidate the complex relationship of chlamydial HSPs, especially chlamydial HSP60, and the host immune response. A central issue is whether the pathologic mechanisms in chronic chlamydial diseases are associated with an enhanced immune response to chlamydial HSP60 which can mediate tissue destruction through cytotoxic reactions, or whether they are related to the Th2 type of response that eventually leads to partial or temporary suppression of an effective antichlamydial response. Our review highlights the available knowledge between immune responses to chlamydial HSP60 and chronic chlamydial infections in human.
Surveillance of leishmaniasis cases from 15 European centres, 2014 to 2019 (2022)

Funding Information: Funding statement: No funding was obtained for this study. GVdA is supported by DGD-Belgium. PLC is supported by the University College London Hospitals Biomedical Research Centre. Publisher Copyright: © 2022 European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC). All rights reserved.
SUCCESS IN DRUG COURT: THE OFFENDERS' PERSPECTIVE (2015)

Drug Courts have demonstrated a reduction in recidivism in comparison to traditional probation programs. Prior studies have not addressed why drug courts are effective from the participants' perspective. This study used focus groups to attempt to understand why the drug court model worked for these offenders when other approaches failed.The results suggest that avoiding jail or prison are the initial impetus to join, but individualized treatment, structure, accountability, and rewards are the factors cited as being most important for success in drug court. Many successful participants had long criminal and addiction histories. This study used eight years of drug court data to examine whether the drug court approach is appropriate for persistent offenders. Persistent offenders were more likely to graduate and had similar rates of new arrests than offenders with less prior involvement in the criminal justice system. Implication for policy makers are discussed.
Endometrial histology and bleeding patterns in menopausal women treated with estrogen and continuous or cyclic progestin. (1988)

Thirty-six postmenopausal women were randomized to three groups in a double-blind, prospective study. All were treated for three months with conjugated estrogens (Premarin), 0.625 mg daily, and three different doses of a progestin (Provera), 2.5 mg daily, 5 mg daily or 5 mg during the last 12 days of a 28-day cycle. We found that the endometrium was maintained in an inactive phase in 100% of the women given continuous daily progestin but in only 25% of those given cyclic progestin. Bleeding occurred in 100% of subjects given cyclic progestin and in 50% of those given continuous progestin; however, bleeding episodes diminished with time in those on continuous progestin. A hormonal regimen that leads to reduced or absent bleeding and an inactive endometrium is preferable for postmenopausal women if estrogen therapy is to be used for the long term after menopause.
Safety and efficacy of P2X3 antagonist BAY 1902607 in refractory chronic cough (2020)

<b>Background:</b> ATP activates purinergic P2X receptors and is considered an important mediator in refractory chronic cough (RCC). We report a Phase 2a trial of BAY 1902607, a P2X3 receptor antagonist with high selectivity, in RCC. <b>Methods:</b> This double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized study included a two-way crossover of oral BAY 1902607 (20, 80, 150, or 250 mg BID, 4 days each) and placebo BID in adult non-smokers with RCC lasting for ≥1 year (NCT03535168). The primary endpoints were VitaloJak-monitored 24-hour cough frequency and frequency/severity of AEs; other endpoints included cough severity measured by VAS at baseline and in each dosing period. <b>Results:</b> 23 patients were randomized (female, n=18 [78%]; Caucasian, n=22 [96%]; median [range] age: 60 [43–77] years; never-smokers, n=14 [61%]). BAY 1902607 doses ≥80 mg significantly decreased geometric mean 24-hour cough counts per hour vs placebo after 4 days of treatment: 80 mg, 17% (p=0.015); 150 mg, 28% (p&lt;0.001); and 250 mg, 37% (p&lt;0.001). Taste-related AEs occurred in 4%, 13%, 43%, and 57% of patients with BAY 1902607 20, 80, 150, and 250 mg, respectively, and in 12% with placebo. Taste-related AEs were mild-to-moderate in severity. BAY 1902607 improved cough severity at doses ≥80 mg; point estimates (90% CI) for VAS score change vs placebo: 80 mg, -8.1 (−14.3 to −1.9, p=0.017); 150 mg, −14.3 (−20.7 to −8.0, p&lt;0.001); and 250 mg, −20.8 (−27.0 to −14.7, p&lt;0.001) mm. <b>Conclusions:</b> BAY 1902607 significantly reduced 24-hour cough frequency and severity at doses ≥80 mg. Despite high P2X3 receptor selectivity of BAY 1902607, dose-related AEs of taste disturbance were observed in many patients.
RateOptimal scheduling schemes for asynchronous InputQueued packet switches (2012)

The performance of input-queued packet switches critically depends on the scheduling scheme that connects the input ports to the output ports. We show that, when packets are switched asynchronously, simple scheduling schemes where contention is solved locally at each input or output can achieve rate optimality, without any speed-up of the internal transmission rate.
FC040: Kidney Transplantation in Childhood-Onset ANCA-Associated Vasculitis: Outcomes in a Multicentre Cohort (2022)

Abstract BACKGROUND AND AIMS ANCA-associated vasculitis (AAV) is rare among children but leads to kidney failure (KF) in almost 30% of cases with renal involvement [1]. Kidney transplantation (KT) is the treatment of choice in adults with AAV and KF, while data among children are limited to small case series [2, 3]. We report the outcomes of KT in a multicentre cohort of patients with childhood-onset AAV. METHOD Patients with AAV diagnosed before the age of 18 years who had undergone KT were identified at one Canadian and 20 European centres. We analysed patient and graft survival and the rates of rejection, AAV relapse and infections. Eighteen patients from this cohort had already been reported in previous articles [1, 2]; their follow-up was extended and further relevant data were retrieved. RESULTS We included 55 patients, of whom 38 (69%) had microscopic polyangiitis (MPA) and 17 (31%) granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA). Their median age at diagnosis and transplantation was, respectively, 12 (interquartile range, IQR 9–14) and 14 (IQR 12–16) years (Table 1). Living donor transplantation was performed in 20 cases (36%) and deceased donor transplantation in 35 (64%). At the time of transplantation, all patients were in clinical remission and ANCA was positive in 14/54 (26%). As immunosuppressive therapy, 46 patients (84%) received glucocorticoids, tacrolimus and either mycophenolate mofetil or azathioprine. The median follow-up after transplantation was 54 months (IQR 21–91). Acute rejection was reported in 22 patients (40%), 12 of whom experienced it during the first post-transplant year, while chronic rejection was established in two (4%). AAV relapsed in five cases (9%) and involved the graft in 4/5. Positive ANCA at transplantation was significantly associated with relapse (29% versus 2%; P = 0.02). Infections occurred in 34 patients (62%), and were mainly bacterial infections of the urinary tract or viral infections due to CMV (8/34), EBV (5/34) and BK virus (4/34). No patient developed malignancy. At last visit, all patients were alive and 48 (87%) had a functioning graft. Graft function impairment (eGFR &amp;lt;60 mL/min/1.73 m2) developed in 21 patients and seven (13%) of these lost their graft due to acute (6/7) and chronic rejection (1/7). Outcomes and complication rates did not differ significantly between the MPA and the GPA group (Table 1). Graft function impairment was associated with rejection and positive ANCA at transplantation, but not with age at diagnosis and at transplantation, ANCA specificity, the type of donor or the immunosuppressive regimen (Figure. 1). CONCLUSION KT in childhood-onset AAV has a relatively good graft and patient survival, while the rate of complications and the risk of vasculitis relapse appear low. Positive ANCA at the time of transplantation may be a risk factor for both AAV relapse and graft function impairment.
Maturation of knowledge transfer and clinical reasoning throughout the medical curriculum (2007)

Since 2000, the Faculty of Medicine at the University of Liege has introduced Problem-Based Learning (PBL) in the curriculum of medical studies (7 years). This contextualized learning raises the issue oc capacity of knowledge transfer and generalization, and maturation of clinical reasoning, troughout the curriculum. Two tests were administered to 108 students (year three to six) and to reference panel. The selected topic was endocrinology. We adapted the script concordance test (i.e., the SCT, see http://cme.umontreal.ca/tcs/) with 60 questions asking for evaluation of the impact of a new information, in a context (short clinical scenario) that was written similar versus different of the original learning context. A True/False test was used to assess factual knowledge. Progress throughout the curriculum was associated with increase in clinical reasoning performance together with a decrease in factual knowledge scores. Early capacity of knowledge transfer was observed, with no difference between the 4 years studied. Overall, the SCT score obtained out of the original context were unexpectedly higher than in such a context. We hypothesize that a new information may result in greater activation of reasoning in a new and realistic context than in a known and possibly factitious context.
Abstract 16080: A Comparison of the Prevalence and Severity of Coronary Artery Calcium Scoring Among Asymptomatic Korean and Chinese Adults (2016)

Introduction: Cardiovascular disease is a prominent cause of morbidity and mortality among east Asian countries. Yet, available epidemiologic studies assessing the ethnic disparity in cardiovascular risk within east Asian nations are suboptimal at present. Hypothesis: To explore differences, if any, in the burden of CAD among asymptomatic Korean and Chinese adults, based on coronary artery calcium scoring (CACS) as a marker of subclinical CAD. Methods: Data pertaining to two separate cohorts were utilized, consisting of asymptomatic Korean (n=11,494) and Chinese (n=928) adults, for whom CACS was performed as part of a broad health screening examination during 2012 and 2013. Propensity score matching was performed according to: age, gender, hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia, and current smoking status, which generated 2 cohorts of 817 matched pairs. CACS was categorized as >0, >100 and >400. Multivariate conditional logistic regression models reporting odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (95%...
E‐cadherin mediated adhesion system in cancer cells (1996)

BACKGROUND Cadherins are the family of functionally related transmembrane glycoproteins responsible for the Ca2+-dependent cell–cell adhesion mechanism that is crucial for the mutual association of vertebrate cells. Because cell dissociation and acquisition of cell motility occur in cancer invasion and metastasis, it is important to study the possible involvement of mutual cell adhesion of cancer cells. METHODS The results and observations reported in the literature on the involvement of cadherin-mediated adhesion in the behavior of cancer cells are reviewed and compared with the authors’ experimental and clinical studies. RESULTS In the initial studies, E-cadherin and α-catenin or β-catenin expression have been investigated immunohistochemically. Although these molecules showed strong expression in noncancerous epithelial tissues without exception, the reduction of the immunoreactivities of cancer cells has been observed. These observations suggest that the impaired E-cadherin mediated adhesion system is a characteristic of cells with malignant transformation. The impaired expression of E- cadherin is frequently observed in tumors with aggressive histopathologic characteristics that are defined by morphologic degree of invasiveness and metastasis. Three mechanisms of the inactivation of cadherin action could be proposed in human cancers by in vivo and in vitro studies. The first is downregulation of E-cadherin expression and its gene mutation. The second is abnormality or deletion of catenins, including the absence of α-catenin. The third abnormality of this adhesion system is biochemical modification of catenins such as the phosphorylation of β-catenin. CONCLUSIONS Numerous studies have suggested that the E-cadherin adhesion system is disturbed in cancer cells through various mechanisms and these impaired functions of E-cadherin contribute to the release of cancer cells from the primary lesion and to cell dedifferentiation. Cancer 1996;77:1605-13.
QSAR Model for Drug Human Oral Bioavailability (2000)

The quantitative structure−bioavailability relationship of 232 structurally diverse drugs was studied to evaluate the feasibility of constructing a predictive model for the human oral bioavailability of prospective new medicinal agents. The oral bioavailability determined in human adults was assigned one of four ratings and analyzed in relation to physicochemical and structural factors by the ORMUCS (ordered multicategorical classification method using the simplex technique) method. A systematic examination of various physicochemical parameters relating primarily to absorption, and structural elements which could influence metabolism, was carried out to analyze their effects on the bioavailabilty classification of drugs in the data set. Lipophilicity, expressed as the distribution coefficient at pH 6.5, was found to be a significant factor influencing bioavailability. The observation that acids generally had better bioavailability characterizitics than bases, with neutral compounds between, led to the formulation of a new parameter, Δ log D (log D6.5 − log D7.4), which proved to be an important contributor in improving the classification results. The addition of 15 structural descriptors relating primarily to well-known metabolic processes yielded a satisfactory QSAR equation which had a correct classification rate of 71% (97% within one class) and a Spearman rank correlation coefficient (Rs) of 0.851, despite the diversity of structure and pharmacological activity in the compound set. In leave-one-out tests, an average of 67% of drugs were correctly classified (96% within one class) with an Rs of 0.812. The relationship formulated identified significant factors influencing bioavailability and assigned them quantitative values expressing their contribution. The predictive power of the model was evaluated using a separate test set of 40 compounds, of which 60% (95% within one class) were correctly classified. Since the necessary physicochemical parameters can be calculated or estimated and the structural descriptors are obtained from an inspection of the structure, the model enables a rough estimate to be made of the prospective human oral bioavailability of unsynthesized compounds. Also, the model has the advantage of transparency in that it indicates which factors may affect bioavailabilty and the extent of that effect. This could be useful in designing compounds which are more bioavailable. Refinement of the model is possible as more bioavailability data becomes available. Potential uses are in drug design, prioritization of compounds for synthesis, and selection for detailed studies of early compound leads in drug discovery programs.
Asymmetrische Synthese von Aminen: eine allgemeine und effiziente eisenkatalysierte enantioselektive Transferhydrierung von Iminen (2010)

Moderne Eisenzeit: Ein einfach gebildeter aktiver Eisenkatalysator und eine simple Durchführung der Katalysereaktion unter sicheren und milden Reaktionsbedingungen sind die besonderen Merkmale der im Schema gezeigten Umsetzung, die mit einer Reihe von Iminen mit sehr guten Enantioselektivitäten und hohen Ausbeuten gelungen ist. Das macht die Methode interessant für viele Anwendungen im Labormaßstab. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Multi-Task Learning for Classification with Dirichlet Process Priors (2007)

Consider the problem of learning logistic-regression models for multiple classification tasks, where the training data set for each task is not drawn from the same statistical distribution. In such a multi-task learning (MTL) scenario, it is necessary to identify groups of similar tasks that should be learned jointly. Relying on a Dirichlet process (DP) based statistical model to learn the extent of similarity between classification tasks, we develop computationally efficient algorithms for two different forms of the MTL problem. First, we consider a symmetric multi-task learning (SMTL) situation in which classifiers for multiple tasks are learned jointly using a variational Bayesian (VB) algorithm. Second, we consider an asymmetric multi-task learning (AMTL) formulation in which the posterior density function from the SMTL model parameters (from previous tasks) is used as a prior for a new task: this approach has the significant advantage of not requiring storage and use of all previous data from prior tasks. The AMTL formulation is solved with a simple Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) construction. Experimental results on two real life MTL problems indicate that the proposed algorithms: (a) automatically identify subgroups of related tasks whose training data appear to be drawn from similar distributions; and (b) are more accurate than simpler approaches such as single-task learning, pooling of data across all tasks, and simplified approximations to DP.
Nuevos ensayos para la caracterización de ligantes y mezclas asfálticas (2002)

El Laboratorio de Caminos de la Universidad Politecnica de Cataluna, Espana, ha desarrollado un metodo funcional para la caracterizacion de betunes basado en las propiedades mecanicas que el ligante proporciona a la mezcla, y que puede analizar y comparar, al mismo tiempo, betunes convencionales y modificados: el metodo Universal de Caracterizacion de Ligantes (metodo UCL). Por otra parte, para la caracterizacion de las mezclas se ha desarrollado el ensayo simple de traccion directa (ensayo BTD). En este articulo se exponen de forma resumida estos dos procedimientos junto con la aplicacion del ensayo de traccion indirecta para el control de calidad de la ejecucion de mezclas bituminosas con el fin de presentar de forma conjunta la labor realizada por dicho laboratorio en el desarrollo de nuevos ensayos para la caracterizacion de ligantes y mezclas asfalticas.
CYTOPLASMIC INHERITANCE IN EPILOBIUM (1965)

Journal Article CYTOPLASMIC INHERITANCE IN EPILOBIUM: Intraclone Variation of Cytoplasmic Hereditary Determinants Get access C. M. JONES, C. M. JONES Professor of Horticulture, University of WisconsinMadison Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar W. H. GABELMAN W. H. GABELMAN *Assistant Professor of Horticulture, Purdue UniversityLafayette, Indiana Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Journal of Heredity, Volume 56, Issue 3, May 1965, Pages 144–148, https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.jhered.a107395 Published: 01 May 1965
White-Opaque Switching of Candida albicans Allows Immune Evasion in an Environment-Dependent Fashion (2012)

Candida albicans strains that are homozygous at the mating type locus can spontaneously and reversibly switch from the normal yeast morphology (white) to an elongated cell type (opaque), which is the mating-competent form of the fungus. White-opaque switching also influences the ability of C. albicans to colonize and proliferate in specific host niches and its susceptibility to host defense mechanisms. We used live imaging to observe the interaction of white and opaque cells with host phagocytic cells. For this purpose, we generated derivatives of the switching-competent strain WO-1 that express green fluorescent protein from a white-specific promoter and red fluorescent protein from an opaque-specific promoter or vice versa. When mixed populations of these differentially labeled white and opaque cells were incubated with human polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) on a glass slide, the neutrophils selectively phagocytosed and killed white cells, despite frequent physical interaction with opaque cells. White cells were attacked only after they started to form a germ tube, indicating that the suppression of filamentation in opaque cells saved them from recognition by the PMNs. In contrast to neutrophils, dendritic cells internalized white as well as opaque cells. However, when embedded in a collagen matrix, the PMNs also phagocytosed both white and opaque cells with similar efficiency. These results suggest that, depending on the environment, white-opaque switching enables C. albicans to escape from specific host defense mechanisms.