gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Engineered Human Skin Fabricated Using Electrospun Collagen–PCL Blends: Morphogenesis and Mechanical Properties (2009)

Engineered human skin is commonly fabricated using collagen scaffolds that often have poor mechanical properties. To improve the strength of collagen-based scaffolds, poly(caprolactone) (PCL) was blended with collagen and formed into submicron fibers using electrospinning. At concentrations < 10% PCL (M(PCL)/[M(Collagen) + M(PCL)] x 100), the PCL component was evenly distributed within the collagen matrix. Increasing the PCL component to 30% caused separation of the collagen and PCL phases forming local domains of PCL within the collagen matrix. Tensile testing indicated that 10-100% PCL concentrations significantly improved the strength and stiffness of the acellular scaffolds. Engineered skin (ES) made with blended collagen-PCL at a concentration of up to 10% PCL did not significantly alter the stratification of the cells, cell proliferation, or epidermal differentiation compared to the 100% collagen group. Ultimate tensile strength of ES fabricated with the collagen-PCL blends was not significantly greater than that of ES made with 100% collagen scaffolds (0% PCL). The 30% PCL group had the least amount of mechanical strength likely caused by poor epidermal formation and reduced cell viability. These results indicate that minimal additions of PCL can be blended with collagen to produce scaffolds suitable for tissue engineering of human skin. However, the increase in scaffold strength with higher PCL concentrations did not result in significantly stronger ES, indicating that high cell viability and proper development of the epidermis are important factors for developing ES with high strength.
Periosteal structure and development in a rat caudal vertebra. (1988)

Female Sprague-Dawley rats from birth to 300 days were used to study the bone/soft tissue interrelationships of the 14th caudal vertebra with particular emphasis on the periosteum throughout growth, development and maturation. The growth of the rats follows a sigmoid curve with three phases, a developmental, a rapid growth and a maturation phase. The width/length ratio of the bone and the thickness of the periosteum are closely concurrent, with a rapid decrease during the developmental phase and a levelling off during the rapid growth phase. SEM studies established that the caudal vertebra has symmetrical lateral sides and a pronounced concavity on the ventral surface where the main vascular plexus is located. Morphological changes in the periosteum cna be described as occurring in three layers and reflect the stages seen in general somatic growth. The inner cambial layer initially contains elongated but functional osteoblasts; these become cuboidal during the rapid growth phase and ultimately are flattened and quiescent. The mid-zone with its vessels, undifferentiated and mononuclear phagocytic cells also attains its maximum development in the rapid growth period and then gradually involutes. The fibrous periosteum consists of a syncytial arrangement of fibroblasts in a collagenous matrix which becomes increasingly dense although reduced in width. Sharpey fibre bundles connect the bone with the fibrous periosteum and these become thicker with age. The mid-zone of the periosteum has not been described previously. Besides having a nutritive role and providing progenitor cells it is thought to act as a buffer modulating the interaction between bone and the covering soft tissues. With age and the deletion of the mid-zone a less sensitive periosteal response to stress can be expected.
An Efficient Circuit for Pulsed Magnetic Neural Stimulation (2023)

Pulse stimulation of peripheral nerves (PNS) is extensively used in the diagnosis of nerve abnormalities and can be applied for pain mitigation and to promote nerve regrowth. Nerve stimulation via magnetic pulses can provide advantages over conventional electrical stimulation; it obviates the need for electrode contact with the skin and is typically less painful. This work contributes to the development of compact and portable systems for magnetic PNS (M-PNS). To date, M-PNS has largely employed pulse generation systems developed for repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS). A new circuit is demonstrated to generate pulsed magnetic fields that increases induced electric (E) field intensities over those attainable in conventional rTMS systems. The resultant E-field has a shortened duration. The required external voltage input is below 300 V. A compact circuit implementation produced peak E-fields of 280 V/m at 1.5 cm distance from the magnetic coil, in 23 μs pulses (while 70-280 μs pulses are typically used for rTMS). Although threshold E fields for neural excitation increase with shorter pulse widths, neural excitation is demonstrated in human subjects via ulnar nerve stimulation and electromyography. This circuit technique may facilitate greater feasibility and flexibility in the design of miniaturized and portable PNS medical devices.
Correction to Luminescence Quantum Yield of Single Gold Nanorods (2012)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVAddition/CorrectionORIGINAL ARTICLEThis notice is a correctionCorrection to Luminescence Quantum Yield of Single Gold NanorodsMustafa Yorulmaz, Saumyakanti Khatua, Peter Zijlstra, Alexander Gaiduk, and Michel Orrit*Cite this: Nano Lett. 2012, 12, 9, 5059Publication Date (Web):August 20, 2012Publication History Published online20 August 2012Published inissue 12 September 2012https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/nl303041ehttps://doi.org/10.1021/nl303041ecorrectionACS PublicationsCopyright © 2012 American Chemical Society. This publication is available under these Terms of Use. Request reuse permissions This publication is free to access through this site. Learn MoreArticle Views1129Altmetric-Citations2LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail PDF (114 KB) Get e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Use of CD137 up-regulation to identify T cell receptors specifically reactive with mutated tumor associated antigens from tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (2015)

Meeting abstracts The adoptive transfer of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) can mediate the regression of metastatic melanoma. In addition, the adoptive transfer of lymphocytes genetically modified to express tumor reactive T cell receptors (TCRs) can mediate tumor regression. Many T cells from
Bioactive substances in food: identification and potential uses (1994)

Bioactive substances in foods can represent "extranutritional" constituents naturally present in small quantities in the food matrix, produced upon either in vivo or industrial enzymatic digestion, the latter being a result of food-processing activities. Bioactive constituents of food evoke physiological, behavioral, and immunological effects. Evidence from both epidemiological and animal studies has suggested chemopreventative roles for phytochemicals in certain forms of cancers and in the control of hyperlipidemia. Secondary products of plant metabolism can modulate xenobiotic metabolizing and cholesterol synthetic enzymes. Unique physicochemical properties of food-derived peptides with characteristic amino acid composition and sequences have been reported to influence intestinal transit, modify nutrient absorption and excretion, and exhibit immunostimulating and antihypertensive activity. Biologically active peptides derived from casein, fish muscle, and plant protein hydrolysates have been isolated, purified, and identified in peptide sequence studies. Therapeutic proteins (e.g., specific antibodies) derived from animal products such as milk may offer the potential for developing specialized food products with prophylactic as well as nutritive quality. This paper discusses the physicochemical mechanism of action of specific bioactive substances naturally present in or derived from foods. The biotechnologies employed to develop these products and the issues concerning acceptance by consumer and regulatory bodies are also addressed.
Understanding workfare in western and East Asian welfare states (2011)

This chapter explains how the implementation of workfare measures in Western welfare states resulted from their declining manufacturing sectors, a large number of households in which no one had paid employment and politicians’ perceptions of welfare dependence.
Regulated Expression of a Drosophila melanogaster Heat Shock Locus after Stable Integration in a Drosophila hydei Cell Line (1985)

DNA-mediated cotransformation has been used to transfer a Drosophila melanogaster heat shock locus into cultured Drosophila hydei cells by use of the copia-based selectable vector pCV2gpt and of pMH10A, a cloned 87A7 heat shock locus encoding a mutant heat shock protein (hsp). Transformed lines contain between 50 and 200 copies of both plasmids, each separately organized as a head-to-tail concatemer which is stably maintained in the transformed lines. Exposure of the cotransformants to heat shock temperatures induces the regulated expression of the hsp RNA and the mutant hsp in all the lines analyzed.
GAN Dissection: Visualizing and Understanding Generative Adversarial Networks (2018)

Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) have recently achieved impressive results for many real-world applications, and many GAN variants have emerged with improvements in sample quality and training stability. However, they have not been well visualized or understood. How does a GAN represent our visual world internally? What causes the artifacts in GAN results? How do architectural choices affect GAN learning? Answering such questions could enable us to develop new insights and better models. In this work, we present an analytic framework to visualize and understand GANs at the unit-, object-, and scene-level. We first identify a group of interpretable units that are closely related to object concepts using a segmentation-based network dissection method. Then, we quantify the causal effect of interpretable units by measuring the ability of interventions to control objects in the output. We examine the contextual relationship between these units and their surroundings by inserting the discovered object concepts into new images. We show several practical applications enabled by our framework, from comparing internal representations across different layers, models, and datasets, to improving GANs by locating and removing artifact-causing units, to interactively manipulating objects in a scene. We provide open source interpretation tools to help researchers and practitioners better understand their GAN models.
Phosphorylation of the flagellar regulatory protein FlrC is necessary for Vibrio cholerae motility and enhanced colonization (2000)

The human pathogen Vibrio cholerae specifically expresses virulence factors within the host, including cholera toxin (CT) and the toxin co-regulated pilus (TCP), which allow it to colonize the intestine and cause disease. V. cholerae is a highly motile organism by virtue of a polar flagellum, and motility has been inferred to be an important aspect of virulence, yet the exact role of motility in pathogenesis has remained undefined. The two-component regulatory system FlrB/FlrC is required for polar flagellar synthesis; FlrC is a sigma54-dependent transcriptional activator. We demonstrate that the transcriptional activity of FlrC affects both motility and colonization of V. cholerae. In a purified in vitro reaction, FlrB transfers phosphate to the wild-type FlrC protein, but not to a mutant form in which the aspartate residue at amino acid position 54 has been changed to alanine (D54A), consistent with this being the site of phosphorylation of FlrC. The wild-type FlrC protein, but not the D54A protein, activates sigma54-dependent transcription in a heterologous system, demonstrating that phospho-FlrC is the transcriptionally active form. A V. cholerae strain containing a chromosomal flrCD54A allele did not synthesize a flagellum and had no detectable levels of transcription of the critical sigma54-dependent flagellin gene flaA. The V. cholerae flrCD54A mutant strain was also defective in its ability to colonize the infant mouse small intestine, approximately 50-fold worse than an isogenic wild-type strain. Another mutation of FlrC (methionine 114 to isoleucine; M114I) confers constitutive transcriptional activity in the absence of phosphorylation, but a V. cholerae flrCM114I mutant strain, although flagellated and motile, was also defective in its ability to colonize. The strains carrying D54A or M114I mutant FlrC proteins expressed normal levels of CT and TCP under in vitro inducing conditions. Our results show that FlrC 'locked' into either an inactive (D54A) or an active (M114I) state results in colonization defects, thereby demonstrating a requirement for modulation of FlrC activity during V. cholerae pathogenesis. Thus, the sigma54-dependent transcriptional activity of the flagellar regulatory protein FlrC contributes not only to motility, but also to colonization of V. cholerae.
TWENTIETH-CENTURY THEMES (2010)

This book provides a critical overview of rural change over the eighty years since the outbreak of the Great War, making clear the historical origins of present-day policy. It also provides a structural integration for the many diverse themes which must be interwoven in order to understand current conditions in the countryside.
[Effect of wash-active substances in hair-washing preparations]. (1977)

Standardized hair washes have been carried out at weekly intervals over a period of four weeks in a total of 35 male subjects. A standard surfactant solution was applied in all subjects for the first two washes. For the third and fourth wash three different surfactant solutions were used in three groups of subjects. It was observed that the microbial splitting of the triglycerides into fatty acids can be inhibited by surfactants. We think that in this way a seborrhoea oleosa can be changed into a seborrhoea sicca. Moreover some but not all surfactants have a strong "keratolytic" action when they are used in shampoos.
Viral antigens act as helper determinants for antibody responses to cell surface antigens. (1982)

Thy-1 alloantigens on murine thymus cells are weak immunogens in vivo for PFC responses in the absence of other antigenic disparities between the donor and recipient. Our previous work showed that non-H-2 alloantigens acted as helper determinants to augment anti-Thy-1 PFC responses. In this report we demonstrate that strong helper antigens are also produced by infection of donor thymus cells with viruses such as HSV-1, NDV, or vaccinia. This helper effect (as much as 30-fold) for a cellular antigen, requires linked recognition (expression of Thy-1 and virus in the same cell membrane), is T-dependent, antigen- (virus) specific, and is Thy-1-specific. The recognition of the viral helper sites is not restricted by the MHC genotype of the thymus cell donor, indicating that host reprocessing of antigen occurs. These are the first results that show that adventitious antigens may function as helper determinants for antibody responses to native membrane antigens and may be the mechanism that initiates several forms of acute post-viral autoimmune disease.
Progression of Proteinuria in Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes (1988)

A longitudinal study evaluating the time course of the transition from normal to microalbuminuria, and then on to macroalbuminuria, was made over a mean period of 7 years in a cohort of 52 patients with Type 1 diabetes and 61 patients with Type 2 diabetes. Transient episodes of micro- and macroalbuminuria were often observed before the ultimate development of persistent Albustix-positive proteinuria. The transition from normal to microalbuminuria and from micro- to macroalbuminuria was characterized by rises in renal albumin clearance accompanied by lesser rises in total proteinuria. Seven patients with Type 1 and 12 with Type 2 diabetes showed evidence of progression, the interval for the transition from normal to macroalbuminuria varying from 3 to 5 years. In Type 1 diabetic patients, the development of micro- and macroalbuminuria was associated with a decline in renal function and a rise in systolic blood pressure without a significant change in blood glucose control. In Type 2 diabetic patients, the development of microalbuminuria was associated with a small decline in renal function but no change in blood pressure or blood glucose control. It is concluded that the transition from normal to micro- and on to macroalbuminuria may be more rapid then previously reported and varies considerably among individuals.
Synthesis and Characterization of Bidentate Isonitrile Iron Complexes (2021)

Divalent iron complexes trans-[FeBr2(BINC)2], [Cp*FeCl(BINC)] (Cp* = Me5C5) and [FeBr2(CNAr3NC)2] with chelat-ing bis(isonitrile) ligands BINC (bis(2-isocyanophenyl)phenylphosphonate) and CNAr3NC (2,2’’-diisocyano-3,5,3’’,5’’tetramethyl-1,1’:3’,1’’-terphenyl) have been prepared and characterized. Their subsequent reduction yields di- and trinuclear compounds [Fe3(BINC)6], [Cp*Fe(BINC)]2, [Fe(CNAr3NC)2]2 and [K(Et2O)]2[Fe(CNAr3NC)2]2. The molecular structures of all new species were determined by X-ray crystallography. The molecular structures are compared to related iron carbonyl complexes. The complexes were further characterized by NMR and IR spectroscopy, and the electrochemical properties of selected compounds were analyzed by UV-Vis-NIR spectroelectrochemistry.
Respiratory Depression Following Use of Antibiotics in Pleural and Pseudocyst Cavities (1966)

IN A RECENT REVIEW, Emery documented 22 cases in which the intraperitoneal use of neomycin sulfate or streptomycin sulfate during surgery was implicated as the cause of severe respiratory depression.<sup>1</sup>On the other hand, few examples of this complication have been reported following the intrapleural use of these drugs.<sup>2-4</sup>During a six-month period at Jackson Memorial Hospital, severe respiratory depression has been observed in three patients following the use of neomycin and bacitracin solution during surgery. In two patients, the antibiotics were instilled into the pleural cavity and in the third into a pancreatic pseudocyst and sinus tract. <h3>Report of Cases</h3><h3>Case 1.—</h3> A 46-year-old, 75 lb (34 kg) white woman with pulmonary emphysema and a recurrent spontaneous pneumothorax on the right was treated with a thoracotomy tube connected to underwater drainage. Both lungs were clinically expanded and a chest x-ray film showed bilateral fibroemphysematous lung disease. Results
Frequency Doubler Based Outphasing System for Millimeter Wave Vector Signal Generation (2018)

In this paper we propose a compensation technique for millimeter wave (mm-wave) frequency doubler based outphasing system adopted to generate wideband vector modulated signals. The compensation technique utilizes multi-tone test signals to detect the system's distortions. These include the frequency doubler's unavoidable non-linearity due to the band limitation of the phase modulated outphasing signals and the gain and phase mismatch between the two outphasing signal paths. For that, an interleaved multi-tone modulated signal is used to characterize these non-idealities and synthesize a memoryless predistorter and a linear outphasing mismatch compensation filter to mitigate their effects. These blocks are subsequently applied for generating digitally modulated signals at 25 GHz with modulation bandwidths of 80 and 160 MHz with improved quality of signal.
Does Reducing Sedentarity With Standing Desks Hinder Cognitive Performance? (2019)

Our results simplify recommendations for workers as they do not need to worry about the type of work they are performing when using a standing desk.
Photosynthesis and conductance of spring wheat ears: field response to free‐air CO2 enrichment and limitations in water and nitrogen supply (2000)

ABSTRACT The mid‐day responses of wheat ear CO 2 and water vapour exchange to full‐season CO 2 enrichment were investigated using a Free‐Air CO 2 Enrichment (FACE) apparatus. Spring wheat [ Triticum aestivum (L). cv. Yecora Rojo] was grown in two experiments under ambient and elevated atmospheric CO 2 (C a ) concentrations (approximately 370 μ mol mol − 1 and 550 μ mol mol − 1 , respectively) combined first with two irrigation (Irr) schemes (Wet: 100% and Dry: 50% replacement of evapotranspiration) and then with two levels of nitrogen (N) fertilization (High: 350, Low: 70 kg ha − 1 N). Blowers were used for C a enrichment. Ambient C a plots were exposed to blower induced winds as well the C a × N but not in the C a × Irr experiment. The net photosynthesis for the ears was increased by 58% and stomatal conductance ( g s ) was decreased by 26% due to elevated C a under ample water and N supply when blowers were applied to both C a treatments. The use of blowers in the C a ‐enriched plots only during the C a × Irr experiment (blower effect) and Low N supply restricted the enhancement of net photosynthesis of the ear due to higher C a . In the latter case, the increase of net photosynthesis of the ear amounted to 26%. The decrease in g s caused by higher C a was not affected by the blower effect and N treatment. The mid‐day enhancement of net photosynthesis due to elevated C a was higher for ears than for flag leaves and this effect was most pronounced under ample water and N supply. The contribution of ears to grain filling is therefore likely to increase in higher C a environments in the future. In the comparison between Wet and Dry, the higher C a did not alter the response of net photosynthesis of the ear and g s to Irr. However, C a enrichment increased the drought tolerance of net photosynthesis of the glume and delayed the increase of the awn portion of net photosynthesis of the ear during drought. Therefore, the role of awns for maintaining high net photosynthesis of the ear under drought may decrease when C a increases.
Energy Efficient PWM Controllers (1996)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;This paper describes the development of two integrated circuits (ICs) designed to provide pulse width modulation (PWM) control of direct current permanent magnet (DCPM) motors such as those used in automotive vehicles. One of the ICs is for low side driving of the load. The other IC is for high side driving of the load. The development of these ICs was undertaken because of the growing problem of providing adequate electrical power for the ever-increasing electrical loads in today's and tomorrow's automobiles.. Calculations, lab tests and vehicle applications indicate increases of vehicle electrical power efficiencies were achieved. This paper contains the rationale for development of the ICs, a brief definition of PWM application and the control methods, a description of the control systems and a discussion of the IC architecture. Each IC contains most of the functions required for the PWM control tasks including the system oscillator, voltage regulation, driver output circuit, and load current monitoring. For the high side driver IC a charge pump control circuit is also included. With the IC, and a few external components, control and protection of the MOSFET power control circuit and the load is achieved.&lt;/div&gt;