gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Inertial navigation sensor integrated motion analysis for obstacle detection (2002)

A maximally passive approach to obstacle detection is described, and the details of an inertial sensor integrated optical flow analysis technique are discussed. The optical flow algorithm has been used to generate range samples using both synthetic data and real data (imagery and inertial navigation system information) obtained from a moving vehicle. The conditions under which the data were created/collected are described, and images illustrating the results of the major steps in the optical flow algorithm are provided.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Nrf2 deficiency prevents reductive stress-induced hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (2013)

Nrf2 deficiency rescues redox homeostasis, which reduces aggregation of mutant proteins, thereby delaying the proteotoxic pathological cardiac remodelling caused by RS and toxic protein aggregates.
Grammar Variational Autoencoder (2017)

Deep generative models have been wildly successful at learning coherent latent representations for continuous data such as video and audio. However, generative modeling of discrete data such as arithmetic expressions and molecular structures still poses significant challenges. Crucially, state-of-the-art methods often produce outputs that are not valid. We make the key observation that frequently, discrete data can be represented as a parse tree from a context-free grammar. We propose a variational autoencoder which encodes and decodes directly to and from these parse trees, ensuring the generated outputs are always valid. Surprisingly, we show that not only does our model more often generate valid outputs, it also learns a more coherent latent space in which nearby points decode to similar discrete outputs. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our learned models by showing their improved performance in Bayesian optimization for symbolic regression and molecular synthesis.
A spatially anchored transcriptomic atlas of the human kidney papilla identifies significant immune injury and matrix remodeling in patients with stone disease (2022)

Abstract Kidney stone disease causes significant morbidity and increases health care utilization. The pathogenesis of stone disease is not completely understood, due in part to the poor characterization of the cellular and molecular makeup of the kidney papilla and its alteration with disease. We deciphered the cellular and molecular niche of the human renal papilla in patients with calcium oxalate (CaOx) stone disease compared to healthy subjects using single nuclear RNA sequencing, spatial transcriptomics and high-resolution large-scale multiplexed 3D and Co-Detection by indexing (CODEX) imaging. In addition to identifying cell types important in papillary physiology, we defined subtypes of immune, stromal and principal cells enriched in the papilla, and characterized an undifferentiated epithelial cell cluster that was more prevalent in stone patients. Despite the focal nature of mineral deposition in nephrolithiasis, we uncovered a global injury signature involving multiple cell types within the papilla, characterized by immune activation, oxidative stress and extracellular matrix remodeling. The microenvironment of mineral deposition had features of an immune synapse with antigen presenting inflammatory macrophages interacting with T cells, and an immune repertoire ranging from inflammation to fibrosis. The expression of MMP7 and MMP9 was associated with stone disease and mineral deposition, respectively. MMP7 and MMP9 were significantly increased in the urine of patients with CaOx stone disease compared to non-stone formers, and their levels correlated with disease activity in stone formers. Our results define the spatial molecular landscape and specific pathways contributing to stone-mediated injury in the human papilla, and identify potential urinary biomarkers.
Polarimetric SAR imaging of buried landmines (1998)

If the fields incident on a buried body of revolution are polarized vertically or horizontally (relative to the ground), the backscattered fields are exclusively copolarized (i.e., there are no cross-polarized backscattered fields). After substantiating this theoretically, measured ultrawideband (UWB) synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data are used for corroboration, considering real, buried landmines that approximate bodies of revolution.
Changes in homing receptor expression on murine lymphokine-activated killer cells during IL-2 exposure. (1989)

The effects of IL-2 on the expression of homing receptors by lymphocytes of NK or lymphokine activated killer (LAK) cell derivation has not yet been evaluated. We developed a murine model to evaluate the potential of LAK cells to localize into peripheral lymph nodes since LAK cells are used to treat human cancers which have metastasized to these tissues. Using a frozen section binding assay, LAK cell adhesion to the lymph node microvasculature was easily demonstrable. Inhibition studies demonstrated that LAK cell binding to lymph nodes was mediated by mechanisms previously described in T cells. LAK cell surface expression of the 85- to 95-kDa homing receptor recognized by the antibody MEL-14 on LAK cells was assessed by indirect immunofluorescence. The percentage of cells which bound MEL-14 decreased slightly over 3 days of IL-2 exposure (from 73 to 60%), particularly in the large granular lymphocyte (cytotoxic effector) subpopulation (45% MEL-14+). The expression of another homing-related molecule, leukocyte function-associated Ag-1, markedly increased during activation of LAK cells. Despite the expression of these homing receptors, we observed almost no LAK cell localization into lymph nodes in vivo. Furthermore, IL-2 pretreatment of recipient animals did not increase the adhesion of LAK cells to lymph node microvasculature or enhance their extravasation. IL-2 activation of non-T, non-B lymphocytes results in significant changes in both the expression and function of cell surface homing receptors. Our results indicate that in vitro analysis does not always predict in vivo localization potential.
A Graph-Rewriting Paradigm for Discrete Relaxation (1998)

In image analysis, recognition of the primitives plays an important role. Subsequent analysis is used to interpret the arrangement of primitives. This subsequent analysis must make allowance for errors or ambiguities in the recognition of primitives. In this paper, we assume that the primitive recognizer produces a set of possible interpretations for each primitive. To reduce this primitive-recognition ambiguity, we use contextual information in the image, and apply constraints from the image domain. This process is variously termed constraint satisfaction, labeling or discrete relaxation. Existing methods for discrete relaxation are limited in that they assume a priori knowledge of the neighborhood model: before relaxation begins, the system is told (or can determine) which sets of primitives are related by constraints. These methods do not apply to image domains in which complex analysis is necessary to determine which primitives are related by constraints. For example, in music notation, we must recognize which notes belong to one measure, before it is possible to apply the constraint that the number of beats in the measure should match the time signature. Such constraints can be handled by our graph-rewriting paradigm for discrete relaxation: here neighborhood-construction is interleaved with constraint-application. In applying this approach to the recognition of simple music notation, we use approximately 180 graph-rewriting rules to express notational constraints and semantic-interpretation rules for music notation. The graph rewriting rules express both binary and higher-order notational constraints. As image-interpretation proceeds, increasingly abstract levels of interpretation are assigned to (groups of) primitives. This allows application of higher-level constraints, which can be formulated only after partial interpretation of the image.
Silazane Precursors to Silicon Nitride. (1984)

Pyrolysis of the liquid, organic-soluble ammonolysis product of dichlorosilane in a nitrogen atmosphere gives silicon nitride in 70% yield. Ammonia and disilylamine are the volatile products which are given off. Also studied has been the ammonolysis of methyldichlorosilane. Preliminary studies of the conversion of the CH3SiHCl2 ammonolysis product to ceramic materials are reported. (Author)
Oh music, where art thou? (2011)

We propose a novel concept for navigation for bicyclists based on 3D-audio. The concept has been implemented in a prototype and evaluated in a small user test. The results indicate a hopeful future for audio-based navigation for bicyclists.
Antisense Apolipoprotein B-100 As Novel Treatment For Hypercholesterolemia: Focus On Isis 301012 (2007)

Antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) are single-stranded DNA-like molecules, which can effectively limit the availability of specific mRNA, resulting in less translation of the encoded protein. Since these antisense drugs largely distribute to hepatic cells, liver targets are preferred candidates for antisense strategies. ISIS 301012 is an ASO that inhibits the production of apolipoprotein (Apo)B-100, the major Apo of atherogenic lipids that is produced predominantly in the liver. Since adequate lowering of atherogenic lipoproteins cannot be achieved in all patients at increased cardiovascular risk, the use of ApoB antisense has emerged as a promising, novel modality to reduce hepatic ApoB secretion
Small Ubiquitin-like Modifier (SUMO) Modification of Natively Unfolded Proteins Tau and α-Synuclein (2006)

Sumoylation is an important post-translational modification that provides a rapid and reversible means for controlling the activity, subcellular localization, and stability of target proteins. We have examined the covalent attachment of the small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO) proteins to tau and alpha-synuclein, two natively unfolded proteins that define several neurodegenerative diseases. Both brain proteins were preferentially modified by SUMO1, as compared with SUMO2 or SUMO3. Tau contains two SUMO consensus sequences, and mutational analyses identified Lys(340) as the major sumoylation site. Although both tau and alpha-synuclein are targets for proteasomal degradation, only tau sumoylation was affected by inhibitors of the proteasome pathway. Tau is a microtubule-associated protein, whose ability to bind and stabilize microtubules is negatively regulated by phosphorylation. Treatment with the phosphatase inhibitor, okadaic acid, or the microtubule depolymerizing drug, colchicine, up-regulated tau sumoylation. This suggests that SUMO modification may preferentially target a free soluble pool of the substrate. These findings revealed a new, possibly regulatory, modification of tau and alpha-synuclein that may also have implications for their pathogenic roles in neurodegenerative diseases.
Erythrocyte insulin‐like growth factor‐I binding in younger and older males (1998)

Erythrocyte IGF binding was increased in older compared with younger subjects. Surprisingly, the mechanism of the increase may not be a simple up regulation of IGF-l receptors in response to reduced circulating IGF-l, but possibly by an increase in the levels of as yet unidentified erythrocyte membrane-associated IGF binding proteins.
Elucidating negative thermal expansion in metal-organic frameworks (2008)

The precisely defined interior cavities of porous metal-organic frameworks with a high degree of chemical diversity are attractive for selective sorption. We describe a family of amino-acid based open frameworks (1) which display chirally selective sorption that is highly specific to the functional group disposition within the sorbed molecules. The nature of the interaction between the framework and sorbate is revealed by computational approaches used in proteinligand docking. The cavities within metal-organic framework materials are also attractive hosts for the observation of chemical reactions with atomic-scale resolution by crystallography, permitting the observation of co-operative involvement of the surrounding solid in accommodating the changes at the reacting centre. (2)
A systematic review on the effects of local antimicrobials as adjuncts to subgingival debridement, compared with subgingival debridement alone, in the treatment of chronic periodontitis (2012)

The scientific evidence supports the adjunctive use of local antimicrobials to debridement in deep or recurrent periodontal sites, mostly when using vehicles with proven sustained release of the antimicrobial.
1-(Alkylsulfinyl- and -alkylsulfonyl)-2-(F-alkyl)ethynes − Applications in Cycloaddition Reactions and Synthesis of Aromatic Derivatives (2001)

Syntheses and cycloaddition reactions of 1-(alkylsulfinyl- and -alkylsulfonyl)-2-(F-alkyl)ethynes are described. These alkynes are strong dienophiles and produce the corresponding F-alkylated sulfinyl- and sulfonylbenzenes in two high-yielding steps. When treated under basic conditions, the (F-alkyl)cyclohexadienyl adducts were converted into a mixture of the same aromatic compounds and the corresponding α-defluorinated derivatives, by way of a competitive oxidation/(HF) elimination on the deprotonated intermediates.
Low Sound Velocity and Acoustic Attenuation Silicone Rubber Lens Based on Nano-Powder-Composite for Medical Echo Ultrasound Array Probes (2007)

Effects of fine nano-powder ceramic powders on the acoustic properties of silicone rubber have been investigated, in order to develop an acoustic lens material with a low sound velocity (c) and a low acoustic attenuation (α). Silicone rubber doped with Yb <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> powders having nanopowder size of 16 nm showed lower α than silicone rubber doped with other powders. The silicone rubber doped with Yb <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> powder showed a density of 1.54 × 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> kg/m <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> , c=919 m/s, an acoustic impedance Z= 1.42 × 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">6</sup> kg/m <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> s, α = 1.08 dB/mm/MHz at 25°C. The low c and α of the lens material contributes to realize a low loss acoustic lens for medical array probes for diagnostic application.
A Study of the Context(s) in a Specific Type of Texts: Car Accident Reports (1995)

This paper addresses the issue of defining context, and more specifically the different contexts needed for understanding a particular type of texts. The corpus chosen is homogeneous and allows us to determine characteristic properties of the texts from which certain inferences can be drawn by the reader. These characteristic properties come from the real world domain (K-context), the type of events the texts describe (F-context) and the genre of the texts (E-context). Together, these three contexts provide elements for the resolution of anaphoric expressions and for several types of disambiguation. We show in particular that the argumentation aspect of these texts is an essential part of the context and explains some of the inferences that can be drawn.
The fibrotic tumor stroma (2018)

Intratumoral fibrosis results from the deposition of a cross-linked collagen matrix by cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs). This type of fibrosis has been shown to exert mechanical forces and create a biochemical milieu that, together, shape intratumoral immunity and influence tumor cell metastatic behavior. In this Review, we present recent evidence that CAFs and tumor cells are regulated by provisional matrix molecules, that metastasis results from a change in the type of stromal collagen cross-link, and that fibrosis and inflammation perpetuate each other through proteolytic and chemotactic mediators released into the tumor stroma. We also discuss aspects of the emerging biology that have potential therapeutic value.
Effect of n-Alkane Precipitants on Aggregation Kinetics of Asphaltenes (2015)

The effect of different n-alkane precipitants on the kinetics of asphaltene aggregation is investigated in this study. When the chain length of the n-alkane precipitant, i.e., the carbon number, is increased, both the viscosity and solubility parameter of the solution increase and, as a result, the aggregation rate is expected to decrease. However, the actual behavior of the system is more subtle, and the aggregation rate can remain constant, increase, or pass through a maximum as the carbon number, n, increases. This behavior can be explained by the polydispersity of asphaltenes and the weaker precipitating power of longer chain n-alkanes. The polidispersity of asphaltenes is successfully characterized using their solubility parameter and the model developed in our previous study (Haji-Akbari, N., Masirisuk, P., Hoepfner, M. P., and Fogler, H. S. Energy Fuels 2013, 27, 2497−2505), where a universal relationship between the detection time and the differences in solubility parameters was established. The solubility parameter of the precipitated asphaltenes is shown to increase with increasing the chain length of the n-alkane precipitants and is successfully used to predict the aggregation rate of asphaltenes in blends of up to five different n-alkane precipitants.
Role of mononuclear phagocytes in expression of resistance and susceptibility to Mycobacterium avium infections in mice (1986)

The growth of Mycobacterium avium 702 in the spleens and livers of four inbred strains of mice varied such that the mice could be separated into naturally susceptible (BALB/c and C57BL/6) and naturally resistant (A/Tru and DBA/2) strains. This phenomenon was independent of the size of the infecting inoculum of bacteria in that both low (10(4))- and high (10(7))-dose inocula of M. avium grew progressively in susceptible strains and were eliminated from the target organs of resistant strains. Resistance and susceptibility were also demonstrated in in vitro preparations of macrophages from these strains of mice. Over a 7-day period, replication of M. avium in susceptible mouse macrophages was far greater than that in resistant macrophages. Evidence was obtained to suggest that toxic oxygen metabolites were not responsible for this difference. Though no difference was found in the rate of clearance of M. avium from the blood of susceptible or resistant mice, resident macrophages from susceptible mice ingested more M. avium in vitro than did resident macrophages from resistant animals. Growth of M. avium in spleens of susceptible mice induced a large influx of phagocytes, whereas this was not observed in resistant mice. In contrast to this it was found that, after injection of a variety of inflammatory agents, influx of leukocytes into the peritoneal cavity could not be used to distinguish susceptible and resistant strains of mice.
Morphing of image represented objects using a physical methodology (2004)

This paper presents a methodology to do morphing between image represented objects, attending to their physical properties. It can be used amongst images of different objects, or otherwise, between different images of the same object.According to the used methodology the given objects are modelled by the Finite Element Method, and some nodes are matched by Modal Analysis. Then, by solving the Dynamic Equilibrium Equation the displacement field is determined, which allows the simulation of the objects' deformation.This physical approach also allows the computation of the involved strain energy, therefore the estimated morphing can be represented by the local or global strain energy values.This paper also describes the solution used to simulate only the non-rigid components of the involved deformation.
A Robust Surveillance and Optimization Workflow for Offshore Gas Lifted Wells (2017)

Abstract In this paper we present an automated surveillance and optimization system for gas lifted wells. The system integrates flow instability diagnostics, steady-state flow models, and transient multiphase flow models to provide engineers and operators with a complete solution for well flow surveillance and optimization. This system is a significant enhancement to the Gas Lift Optimization Workflow (GLOW™) that was developed and deployed to multiple assets including a platform in the Gulf of Mexico. The system calibrates the models to match flowrates and pressures from multiple well tests. The calibrated models are then used to produce operational maps that provide accurate and robust flow instability recovery recommendations and stability constraints for optimization routines. We will show an example implementation of the system for a gas lifted well from an offshore platform. In most cases, the calibrated transient flow models accurately replicated the amplitude and frequency of pressure and flowrate oscillations for two types of flow instability: casing heading and hydrodynamic slugging. We also compare transient flow and steady-state models, and discuss the use of both to maximize computing efficiency. The developed system uses multiphase flow transient models, in an automated way, to produce operational maps that can aid either asset staff or the GLOW™ system to optimize production while steering away from unstable flow. In summary, the system provides a comprehensive, robust, and integrated set of tools for the surveillance and optimization needs of asset staff.
Operational, user and legal requirements across eu member states for roadside drug testing equipment within the eu project rosita (2000)

To gain a representative overview of their legal, user and operational requirements concerning Driving under the Influence of Drugs (DUID), within the EU project ROSITA a questionnaire was designed and distributed to 21 European countries (15 EU countries, 6 not-EU countries) to be answered by forensic experts with the help of suitable representatives of the police force according to each country. In total, 26 completed questionnaires from 19 different countries were returned. Results: Legal provisions on DUID are in force in all 19 countries, but drug test devices are used in police routine very rarely; in few countries the application is prohibited by regulations, but as main reasons for non-use their low level of validation or unavailability were given. The preferred drug test configuration is a single-use, multi-parameter test, which is able to provide a clear, unambiguous test result on cannabis, benzodiazepines, amphetamines, cocaine, opiates within 5 minutes. Preferred test specimen for roadside testing is saliva, due to its good availability, the low invasiveness of sampling and the good correlation with impairment. Sweat was considered as an acceptable alternative to saliva. For the covering abstract see ITRD E106992.
HAEMATURIA VESICALIS (1930)

Analysis of the blood of cattle affected with Haematuria vesicalis shows its composition, with few exceptions, to be within the normal range. Two remedies have been found to have a beneficial effect upon cattle suffering from this disease; first, a change of drinking water from surface water to Artesian well water, second, the administration of ground coral rock. The surface water, the Artesian well water and the coral rock from the affected areas have been analysed, and from these analyses certain possible causes for the improvement above noted have been drawn; further field experiments are outlined to test these suggestions.