gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
High confinement micron-scale silicon nitride high Q ring resonator (2009)

We demonstrate high confinement, low-loss silicon nitride ring resonators with intrinsic quality factor (Q) of 3*10(6) operating in the telecommunication C-band. We measure the scattering and absorption losses to be below 0.065dB/cm and 0.055dB/cm, respectively.
Question Independent Grading using Machine Learning (2016)

Learning supervised models to grade open-ended responses is an expensive process. A model has to be trained for every prompt/question separately, which in turn requires graded samples. In automatic programming evaluation specifically, the focus of this work, this issue is amplified. The models have to be trained not only for every question but also for every language the question is offered in. Moreover, the availability and time taken by experts to create a labeled set of programs for each question is a major bottleneck in scaling such a system. We address this issue by presenting a method to grade computer programs which requires no manually assigned labeled samples for grading responses to a new, unseen question. We extend our previous work [25] wherein we introduced a grammar of features to learn question specific models. In this work, we propose a method to transform those features into a set of features that maintain their structural relation with the labels across questions. Using these features we learn one supervised model, across questions for a given language, which can then be applied to an ungraded response to an unseen question. We show that our method rivals the performance of both, question specific models and the consensus among human experts while substantially outperforming extant ways of evaluating codes. We demonstrate the system single s value by deploying it to grade programs in a high stakes assessment. The learning from this work is transferable to other grading tasks such as math question grading and also provides a new variation to the supervised learning approach.
Data from Mapatumumab, a Fully Human Agonistic Monoclonal Antibody That Targets TRAIL-R1, in Combination with Gemcitabine and Cisplatin: a Phase I Study (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Purpose:&lt;/b&gt; To evaluate the safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics, and antitumor activity of mapatumumab, a fully human monoclonal antibody targeting tumor necrosis factor–related apoptosis–inducing ligand receptor 1 (TRAIL-R1), in combination with gemcitabine and cisplatin.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Experimental Design:&lt;/b&gt; Patients with advanced solid tumors received gemcitabine 1,250 mg/m&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; i.v. on days 1 and 8 and cisplatin 80 mg/m&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; i.v. on day 1 of each 21-day cycle. Escalating mapatumumab doses were administered i.v. every 21 days. Toxicity was evaluated and pharmacokinetic analysis of plasma mapatumumab, gemcitabine, 2-difluoro-2-deoxyuridine, and unbound and total platinum was done. TRAIL-R1 tumor expression was determined immunohistochemically.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Results:&lt;/b&gt; Forty-nine patients received mapatumumab (1 mg/kg, &lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; = 4; 3 mg/kg, &lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; = 7; 10 mg/kg, &lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; = 12; 20 mg/kg, &lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; = 13; or 30 mg/kg, &lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; = 13). A median of six cycles (range, 1-48) was administered. The adverse events most commonly observed reflect the toxicity profile of gemcitabine and cisplatin. Dose-limiting toxicities were seen in 3 of 12 patients at 10 mg/kg, consisting of grade 3 transaminitis, neutropenic fever, and grade 4 thrombocytopenia. At 20 mg/kg, 2 of 12 patients had dose-limiting toxicities, including grade 4 thrombocytopenia and grade 4 fatigue. The maximum tolerated dose was not reached. Pharmacokinetic interactions have not been observed. Twelve patients had a partial response, and 25 patients showed stable disease with a median duration of 6 months.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Conclusions:&lt;/b&gt; Mapatumumab in combination with gemcitabine and cisplatin is safe and well tolerated at doses up to 30 mg/kg. Further studies on this combination are warranted. (Clin Cancer Res 2009;15(17):5584–90)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
A strategy for blood biomarker amplification and localization using ultrasound (2009)

Blood biomarkers have significant potential applications in early detection and management of various diseases, including cancer. Most biomarkers are present in low concentrations in blood and are difficult to discriminate from noise. Furthermore, blood measurements of a biomarker do not provide information about the location(s) where it is produced. We hypothesize a previously undescribed strategy to increase the concentration of biomarkers in blood as well as localize the source of biomarker signal using ultrasound energy directly applied to tumor cells. We test and validate our hypothesis in cell culture experiments and mouse tumor xenograft models using the human colon cancer cell line LS174T, while measuring the biomarker carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) before and after the use of ultrasound to liberate the biomarker from the tumor cells. The results demonstrate that the application of low-frequency ultrasound to tumor cells causes a significant release of tumor biomarker, which can be measured in the blood. Furthermore, we establish that this release is specific to the direct application of the ultrasound to the tumor, enabling a method for localization of biomarker production. This work shows that it is possible to use ultrasound to amplify and localize the source of CEA levels in blood of tumor-bearing mice and will allow for a previously undescribed way to determine the presence and localization of disease more accurately using a relatively simple and noninvasive strategy.
Plasma Confinement in a Toroidal Quadrupole (1969)

The confinement of plasma in a toroidal quadrupole configuration is studied. The plasma parameters are, ion temperature = 50 eV, electron temperature = 6 eV, and plasma density 1013-107 cm−3. The confinement times in terms of Bohm diffusion time range from 20 to 40. The loss of the plasma is to the walls. The plasma fluctuations which are present in large amplitudes are the most likely cause of plasma loss. The superposition of a toroidal field reduces the plasma loss.
<title>Intensity interpolation for branching in reconstructing three-dimensional objects from serial cross-sections</title> (1991)

Intensity interpolation is an operation that recovers the intensity information in the gaps of serial cross sections of three-dimensional objects. It is very important in object reconstruction, especially when the reconstructed object is to be further manipulated for visualization, dissection, or slicing from arbitrary angles. One of the most difficult problems in reconstruction is how to handle the branching situations. Branching occurs where one region in one slice has multiple corresponding regions in the other slice. In this paper, a method to handle branching in intensity interpolation from serial cross sections is proposed. It consists of eight major steps: (1) partial contour to contour correspondence establishment, (2) displacement field determination, (3) intermediate contour generation, (4) interior rim generation, (5) rim correspondence establishment, (6) line segment correspondence establishment, (7) intensity determination, and (8) gap filling. As a significant extension of our previous work which performs intensity interpolation for one-to-one case, the proposed method contains a novel technique to form a displacement field which is used in generating intermediate contours (steps 1 to 3), and adapts some of the previous techniques (steps 4 to 8) to select appropriate corresponding regions for intensity interpolation.
Neurosecretion competence. A comprehensive gene expression program identified in PC12 cells. (2002)

The symbols for the author affiliations and footnotes were printed incorrectly. The correct format appears below. Christophe Grundschober‡§, Maria Luisa Malosio§¶∥, Laura Astolfi**, Tiziana Giordano**, Patrick Nef‡, and Jacopo Meldolesi¶∥** From the‡Central Nervous System, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Grenzacherstrasse, Basel 4070, Switzerland, the ¶Vita-Salute San Raffaele University and Department of Neuroscience,**San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Department of Biological and Technological Research, Via Olgettina, 58, Milano 20132, Italy § Both authors contributed equally to this work. ∥ To whom correspondence may be addressed. Tel.: 39-02-2643-2770; Fax: 39-02-2643-4813; E-mail: [email protected] or Tel.: 39-02-2643-2913; Fax: 39-02-2643-2914; E-mail: [email protected]
Abstract 4372: MYB-QKI rearrangements in angiocentric glioma drive tumorigenicity through a tripartite mechanism (2016)

Abstract Diffuse pediatric low-grade gliomas (PLGGs) are among the most common solid tumors in children. While BRAF mutations and MYBL1 rearrangements have recently been identified as diagnostic and treatment related oncogenic drivers in pediatric gangliogliomas and diffuse astrocytomas, respectively, for the majority of diffuse PLGGs the oncogenic driver(s) remain unknown. Recent efforts to identify new oncogenic drivers lack sufficient power to determine the true frequency of alterations in genes or to associate specific alterations with rare histological subtypes, such as Angiocentric gliomas (AGs). To address this issue, we performed genomic analysis of new and published data from 249 PLGGs including 19 AGs. We identified MYB-QKI fusions as a specific, recurrent, single candidate driver event in AGs. Although MYB is expressed during early brain development in a subset of progenitor cells, it is not known to play a role in normal cortical brain where AGs frequently occur. In vitro functional studies show MYB-QKI rearrangements promote tumorigenesis in mouse neural stem cells (mNSCs) through three mechanisms: MYB activation by truncation, enhancer translocation driving aberrant MYB-QKI expression, and hemizygous loss of the tumor suppressor QKI. Expression of the MYB-QKI fusion increases mNSC proliferation and activates known MYB target genes including KIT and CDK6. H3K27ac enhancer profiling of AG tumors demonstrate active enhancer elements are translocated proximally to the MYB promoter while in vitro promoter assays confirmed that QKI enhancer sequences activate the MYB promoter. Together with functional studies demonstrating that MYB-QKI can also bind and activate the MYB promoter, these data support a positive auto-regulatory feed-back loop model in which active MYB-QKI is able to drive its own expression through enhanced MYB-promoter-activation. Furthermore, when injected orthotopically into immunodeficient mice, expression of truncated MYB or MYB-QKI is sufficient to induce tumor formation that recapitulate histologic and immunophenotypic characteristics of AGs. Analysis of AG specific MYB-QKI fusion represents the first example of how a single driver rearrangement simultaneously transforms cells via three genetic and epigenetic mechanisms in a cancer. Citation Format: Lori Ramkissoon, Pratiti Bandopadhayay, Payal Jain, Guillaume Bergthold, Adam Resnick, Rameen Beroukhim, Keith Ligon. MYB-QKI rearrangements in angiocentric glioma drive tumorigenicity through a tripartite mechanism. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr 4372.
Type I and type II interferons delay human neutrophil apoptosis via activation of STAT3 and up-regulation of cellular inhibitor of apoptosis 2 (2005)

We have recently demonstrated that granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) delays human neutrophil apoptosis via up-regulation of cellular inhibitor of apoptosis 2 (cIAP2), which is dependent on activation of Janus kinase 2 (JAK2) and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3). Here, we show that type I and type II interferons (IFNs), which bind to the distinct receptors, exert the antiapoptotic effect on human neutrophils through the similar mechanism. IFN-alpha (type I IFN) and IFN-gamma (type II IFN), like G-CSF, delayed human neutrophil apoptosis through the protein synthesis-dependent mechanism. Stimulation of neutrophils with IFN-alpha or IFN-gamma resulted in tyrosine phosphorylation of STAT1 and STAT3 but not phosphorylation of STAT5, Akt, extracellular signal-regulated kinase, and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase. IFN-alpha and IFN-gamma induced the expression of transcripts of cIAP2 and suppressor of cytokine signaling 1 and 3, but not cIAP1, Mcl-1, and A1. IFN-alpha- and IFN-gamma-induced up-regulation of cIAP2 mRNA and protein, phosphorylation of STAT3, and antiapoptotic effect were inhibited significantly by pretreatment of cells with AG490, a specific inhibitor of JAK2. These findings suggest that cIAP2 expression is up-regulated by IFN-alpha and IFN-gamma through, at least in part, activation of the JAK2-STAT3 pathway, and increased expression of the cIAP2 protein may contribute to an IFN-alpha- and IFN-gamma-mediated antiapoptotic effect on human neutrophils.
Deep Sketch Hashing: Fast Free-hand Sketch-Based Image Retrieval (2017)

Free-hand sketch-based image retrieval (SBIR) is a specific cross-view retrieval task, in which queries are abstract and ambiguous sketches while the retrieval database is formed with natural images. Work in this area mainly focuses on extracting representative and shared features for sketches and natural images. However, these can neither cope well with the geometric distortion between sketches and images nor be feasible for large-scale SBIR due to the heavy continuous-valued distance computation. In this paper, we speed up SBIR by introducing a novel binary coding method, named \textbf{Deep Sketch Hashing} (DSH), where a semi-heterogeneous deep architecture is proposed and incorporated into an end-to-end binary coding framework. Specifically, three convolutional neural networks are utilized to encode free-hand sketches, natural images and, especially, the auxiliary sketch-tokens which are adopted as bridges to mitigate the sketch-image geometric distortion. The learned DSH codes can effectively capture the cross-view similarities as well as the intrinsic semantic correlations between different categories. To the best of our knowledge, DSH is the first hashing work specifically designed for category-level SBIR with an end-to-end deep architecture. The proposed DSH is comprehensively evaluated on two large-scale datasets of TU-Berlin Extension and Sketchy, and the experiments consistently show DSH's superior SBIR accuracies over several state-of-the-art methods, while achieving significantly reduced retrieval time and memory footprint.
Best conditioned parametric identification of transfer function models in the frequency domain (1995)

It is shown that rational transfer function models based on orthogonal Forsythe polynomials minimize the condition number of the Jacobian of estimators in a least-squares framework. As a result, very high order linear time-invariant systems can be identified. The numerical stability of the estimation of the parameters and their derived quantities (zeros, poles, ...) are obtained. Statistical uncertainty bounds are provided. The method is illustrated on a 100th order simulated system and a 120th order measured beam-structure.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
All Inorganic Cesium Lead Iodide Perovskite Nanowires with Stabilized Cubic Phase at Room Temperature and Nanowire Array-Based Photodetectors (2017)

Alluring optical and electronic properties have made organometallic halide perovskites attractive candidates for optoelectronics. Among all perovskite materials, inorganic CsPbX<sub>3</sub> (X is halide) in black cubic phase has triggered enormous attention recently owing to its comparable photovoltaic performance and high stability as compared to organic and hybrid perovskites. However, cubic phase stabilization at room temperature for CsPbI<sub>3</sub> still survives as a challenge. Herein we report all inorganic three-dimensional vertical CsPbI<sub>3</sub> perovskite nanowires (NWs) synthesized inside anodic alumina membrane (AAM) by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method. It was discovered that the as-grown NWs have stable cubic phase at room temperature. This significant improvement on phase stability can be attributed to the effective encapsulation of NWs by AAM and large specific area of these NWs. To demonstrate device application of these NWs, photodetectors based on these high density CsPbI<sub>3</sub> NWs were fabricated demonstrating decent performance. Our discovery suggests a novel and practical approach to stabilize the cubic phase of CsPbI<sub>3</sub> material, which will have broad applications for optoelectronics in the visible wavelength range.
DESIGN AND EVALUATION OF REINFORCED CONCRETE BRIDGES FOR SEISMIC RESISTANCE (1997)

In this report, seismic design approaches for reinforced concrete bridges are reviewed and uncertainties in seismic design and evaluation are discussed. The modeling of bridge components and systems is discussed, and analytical studies of the response series of simple bridges are made. The relative utility of several design approaches and stiffness assumptions for controlling seismic demands is assessed. Modeling of column and wall pier flexural and shear strengths is examined in detail, and available models for the inelastic shear strength of columns are compared with test data. Displacement-based design approaches are shown to be effective for controlling displacement ductility demands, particularly for short period structures for which conventional, strength-based design approaches are often less effective. Relations are presented for modeling columns common in California bridge construction. It is shown that plastic flexural strength can be estimated accurately as the nominal moment strength calculated using amplified material strengths. Effective stiffness is defined, and the variation of effective stiffness with axial load ratio and longitudinal reinforcement is presented. Expressions for the variation of nominal flexural strength and effective stiffness with longitudinal reinforcement content are provided for a column with axial load equal to 0.05Agfc'. A simple trilinear representation of the analytically-derived moment -displacement is presented for such columns; the trilinear representation can be constructed using simple expressions that make use of quantities readily available to the practitioner.
Lightweight Directory Access Protocol (LDAP): The Protocol (2006)

This document describes the protocol elements, along with their semantics and encodings, of the Lightweight Directory Access Protocol (LDAP).LDAP provides access to distributed directory services that act in accordance with X.500 data and service models.These protocol elements are based on those described in the X.500 Directory Access
ChemInform Abstract: AMINOCYCLITOLS PART 31, SYNTHESIS OF DIDEOXYSTREPTAMINES (1975)

Abstract Die vier Stellungsisomeren des Didesoxystreptamins (Ia)‐(IVa) werden hergestellt.
Divergent Cortical Tau Positron Emission Tomography Patterns Among Patients With Preclinical Alzheimer Disease (2022)

This study suggests that early tau deposition may follow multiple trajectories during preclinical AD and may involve several cortical regions. Staging procedures, especially those based on neuropathology, that assume a uniform trajectory across individuals are insufficient for disease monitoring with tau imaging.
Transmission of Infection by Gastrointestinal Endoscopy and Bronchoscopy (1993)

The most common agents of infection transmitted by endoscopy are Salmonella, Pseudomonas, and Mycobacterium species. To prevent endoscopic transmission of infections, recommended disinfection guidelines must be followed, the effectiveness of automatic washers must be carefully monitored, and improvements in endoscope design are needed to facilitate effective cleaning and disinfection.
Probabilistic fault diagnosis for IT services in noisy and dynamic environments (2009)

The modern society has come to rely heavily on IT services. To improve the quality of IT services it is important to quickly and accurately detect and diagnose their faults which are usually detected as disruption of a set of dependent logical services affected by the failed IT resources. The task, depending on observed symptoms and knowledge about IT services, is always disturbed by noises and dynamic changing in the managed environments. We present a tool for analysis of IT services faults which, given a set of failed end-to-end services, discovers the underlying resources of faulty state. We demonstrate empirically that it applies in noisy and dynamic changing environments with bounded errors and high efficiency. We compare our algorithm with two prior approaches, Shrink and Maxcoverage, in two well-known types of network topologies. Experimental results show that our algorithm improves the overall performance.
Will Ocean Fertilization Work? (2003)

Iron fertilization of the ocean is widely discussed as a possible strategy for extracting COfrom the atmosphere. In their Perspective,
 Buesseler and Boyd
 analyze the results from recent fertilization experiments in the Southern Ocean. They conclude that sequestration of 30% of the carbon released annually as a result of human activities would require a region more than an order of magnitude larger than the entire area of the Southern Ocean. Iron fertilization may not be a commercially attractive option if impacts on sequestration are as low as observed to date.
Guided noise reduction with streak removal for high speed flat detector CT perfusion (2013)

Tissue perfusion measurement using C-arm angiography systems capable of CT-like imaging (flat detector CT (FD-CT)) is a novel technique with high potential benefit for catheter-guided treatment of stroke in the interventional suite. New high speed protocols (HSP) with increased C-arm rotation speed enable fast acquisitions of FD-CT volumes and allow for sampling the contrast flow with improved temporal resolution. However, the peak contrast attenuation values of brain tissue typically lie in a range of 5-30 HU. Thus perfusion imaging is very sensitive to noise. Recently we introduced the FDK-JBF denoising technique based on Feldkamp (FDK) reconstruction followed by denoising in volume space using joint bilateral filtering (JBF). In the evaluation FDK-JBF achieved comparable results to algebraic techniques, but is computationally less costly. Yet the angular sampling of the projection data in the HSP is coarse, which leads to streak artifacts in the reconstructed volumes. Mask volumes are subtracted from the contrast agent enhanced (bolus) volumes and the streak artifacts are subtracted out if the patient does not move during the acquisition. However, in case of motion the streak artifacts will not be identical in the mask and bolus volumes. We show that these streaks can lead to severe artifacts in the perfusion maps and describe a novel technique for streak removal (SR), which is based on streak detection by using time-contrast curve analysis.We evaluated the FDK-SR-JBF algorithm in a phantom and a patient study and show that noise and streaks can be reduced within a short computation time.
Acquiring Explicit User Goals from Search Query Logs (2008)

Knowledge about user goals is crucial for realizing the vision of intelligent agents acting upon user intent on the web. In a departure from existing approaches, this paper proposes a novel approach to the problem of user goal acquisition: The utilization of search query logs for this task. The paper makes the following contributions: (a) it presents an automatic method for the acquisition of user goals from search query logs with useful precision/recall scores (b) it provides insights into the nature and some characteristics of these goals and (c) it shows that the goals acquired from query logs exhibit traits of a long tail distribution.