gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
SemEval-2017 Task 9: Abstract Meaning Representation Parsing and Generation (2017)

In this report we summarize the results of the 2017 AMR SemEval shared task. The task consisted of two separate yet related subtasks. In the parsing subtask, participants were asked to produce Abstract Meaning Representation (AMR) In the generation subtask, participants were asked to generate English sentences given AMR graphs in the news/forum domain. A total of five sites participated in the parsing subtask, and four participated in the generation subtask. Along with a description of the task and the participants' systems, we show various score ablations and some sample outputs.
Effect of Ultrasonication on Colloidal Dispersion of Al<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB> and ZrO<SUB>2</SUB> Powders in pH Controlled Suspension (1998)

Colloidal processing is well known to be an effective method to avoid the agglomeration of particles in powder processing. In this method, particles are dispersed by the electrostatic repulsion arising from their surface charge which can be controlled by the pH-value of the suspension. Since fine particles tend to agglomerate, however, additional re-dispersion treatment is necessary to obtain dispersed suspension of submicrometer-sized particles. In this study was used ultrasonication such as additional re-dispersion treatment for the dispersion of fine powders. Al2O3 and ZrO2 used in this study were high-purity fine powders and their particle sizes were 0.2 and 0.07 μm, respectively. Three types of suspensions were prepared under different conditions of mixing with ultrasonication for various treatment periods. With increasing degree of ultrasonication, the apparent viscosity of suspension decreased, the dispersion of the particles in the suspensions was promoted and the relative densities of the compacts and the sintered specimens increased, because of a decrease in both total pore volume and the pore size. The microstructure of the sintered specimen prepared from the sufficiently ultrasonicated suspension was very fine, which resulted in high superplasticity.
Optimization of Flexible Wings with Distributed Flaps at Off-Design Conditions (2016)

An efficient process to aerodynamically optimize transport wings while addressing static aeroelastic effects is presented. The process is used to assess the aerodynamic performance benefits of a full-span trailing-edge flap system on a generic transport aircraft at off-design conditions. To establish a proper baseline, a transport wing is first aerodynamically optimized at a midcruise flight condition. The optimized wing is then analyzed at several off-design cruise conditions. The aerodynamic optimization is repeated at these off-design conditions to determine how much performance is lost by the wing optimized solely for the midcruise condition. The full-span flap system is then adapted to maximize performance of the midcruise-optimized wing at each off-design condition. The improvement due to the trailing-edge flaps is quantified by examining the degree to which the flaps can recover the performance of a wing designed specifically for the off-design condition. To evaluate the repercussions of aeroelasticity on the effectiveness of the flap system, this entire process is performed on both a conventional stiff wing and a modern, more flexible wing. The impact of the choice of flap layout is also explored. The results indicate that the flap system allows for significant improvement in performance throughout cruise and that it can be advantageous even for wings with increased flexibility. Moreover, the flaps appear to provide a means for active wave drag reduction during flight.
Synthesis of a new bridgehead nitrogen heterocyclic system. Pyrrolo [2,1‐f]‐1,2,4‐triazine derivatives (1979)

Abstract 1‐Ureidopyrroles of type 6a,b prepared by the general method previously described (2), readily cyclized under basic conditions giving pyrrolo [2,1‐ f ]‐1,2,4‐triazine‐2,4(1 H , 3 H )dione derivatives.
Gene action and its control in micro-organisms (1970)

Abstract It is often assumed that the control of gene action in eukaryotic systems involves the same general principles as those that have been implicated in the homeostatic adaptation of micro-organisms. Whether such a unitary view is justified is, for the time being, impossible to assess. Unitary concepts are in general both fruitful and dangerous but a comparison between genetic control mechanisms in micro-organisms and in higher forms remains at any rate of invaluable importance from an evolutionary standpoint.
Contrôle électrique de la propagation d'ondes élastiques dans des cristaux phononiques piézoélectriques (2013)

Les cristaux phononiques permettent d’obtenir des propriétés inhabituelles de propagation des ondes élastiques à l'échelle de la longueur d'onde comme l’apparition de bandes de fréquences interdites où l’onde est évanescente. Malgré le grand nombre d’applications potentielles, (isolation acoustique, filtrage et le démultiplexage en fréquence, guidage d'onde, 'cape d'inaudibilité', réfraction négative, super-résolution…) peu de cristaux phononiques ont été intégrés dans des dispositifs fonctionnels, partiellement à cause de leur manque de flexibilité : le contrôle de l'onde élastique, souvent obtenu dans une gamme de fréquence réduite, est complètement déterminé par la géométrie et les propriétés des matériaux constitutifs lors de l'étape de fabrication. L’intégration de matériaux piézoélectriques dans ces structures permet d’envisager le développement de cristaux phononiques dont les propriétés de propagation sont contrôlées électriquement. La géométrie considérée dans ce travail est un cristal phononique à une dimension constitué par une alternance de couches élastiques et de couches piézoélectriques dont chaque surface est recouverte d’une électrode. Le contrôle électrique est obtenu en modifiant l’impédance électrique reliant les électrodes de chaque couche piézoélectrique (court-circuit, circuit ouvert ou capacité). Les courbes de dispersion calculées à partir d’un modèle analytique montrent que ce contrôle électrique permet d’ajuster la position en fréquence et la largeur des bandes de fréquence interdites.
3-D element generation for multi-connected complex dental and mandibular structure (2002)

This paper presents a novel three-dimensional finite element generation method for assessing the biomechanical behavior of multi-connected complex teeth and mandible structure. A tetrahedron was chosen as the basic element type for its adaptability to structures with different geometrical complexities. The element generation was implemented by combining two tetragons in adjacent image slices. By examining all combinations of tetragons and their degradations, a software system was developed for interactive element generation, which results in a series of tetrahedrons based on the principle that each combination should lead to elements with exact and close connection. Extensive validation was performed to ensure the accuracy of the algorithm. The method was applied to an occlusive functional analysis of dental prosthetics, generating 4762 nodes and 18534 tetrahedral elements with 9 different materials.
Interactive Foreground Extraction: Using Graph Cut (2011)

Note, this is an extended version of chapter 7 from the book:Markov Random Fields for Vision and Image Processing, MIT Press [6].In this Technical Report, references to other chapters are with respect to the book.The differences are, a new section 4.3 and extra details in section 3.2 and 3.3The topic of interactive image segmentation has received considerable attention inthe computer vision community in the last decade. Today, this topic is very mature andcommercial products exist which feature advanced research solutions. This means thatinteractive image segmentation is today probablyone of the most used computer visiontechnologies world-wide. In this chapter we review one class of interactive segmen-tation techniques, which use discrete optimization and a regional selection interface.We begin the chapter by explaining the seminal work of Boykov and Jolly [9]. Afterthat the GrabCuttechnique [36] is introduced, which improves on [9]. GrabCutis theunderlying algorithm for the Background Removal tool in the Microsoft Ofﬁce 2010product. In the third part of the chapter many interesting features and details are ex-plained which are part of the product. In this process several recent research articlesare reviewed. Finally, the BackgroundRemoval tool, as well as [9, 36], are evaluatedindifferent ways on publicly available databases. This includes static and dynamic userinputs.
Negative bias temperature instabilities in HfSiON/TaN-based pMOSFETs (2005)

Negative bias temperature instabilities (NBTI) in devices with SiO/sub x//HfSiON stacks and TaN gates is reported, for different SiO/sub 2//HfO/sub 2/ compositions, for stacks with same physical thickness (t/sub phys/) and same equivalent oxide thickness (EOT). It is shown that V/sub th/ shifts increase with time like power laws, /spl Delta/V/sub th/=At/sup /spl alpha//, like in SiO/sub 2/ and SiON-based devices. When comparing AV/sub th/ shifts for same t/sub phys/, it is found that NBTI increases with increased HfO/sub 2/ content. On the other hand, comparison of V/sub th/ shifts for devices with comparable EOT indicates that an optimal HfO/sub 2/ content, around 53%, results in minimal NBTI. These results can be qualitatively explained by the reaction-diffusion model. The power law exponent /spl alpha/ is shown to decrease with increasing amount of HfO/sub 2/. This finding has an important impact on the extrapolation of the device lifetime at operating conditions, which is found to be similar for layers with HfO/sub 2/ compositions in the range 53-100 %.
G2 checkpoint abrogation and checkpoint kinase-1 targeting in the treatment of cancer (2008)

Rigorous quality control steps, termed checkpoints, tightly regulate progression through the cell cycle. DNA-damaging chemotherapy and radiation activate functional cellular checkpoints. These checkpoints can facilitate DNA repair and promote cell death in unrepaired cells. There are at least three DNA damage checkpoints - at G1/S, S, and G2/M - as well as a mitotic spindle checkpoint. Most cancer cells harbour mutations in tumour suppressors and/or oncogenes, which impair certain cell checkpoints. Inhibiting the remaining cell checkpoints - particularly after exposure of cancer cells to chemotherapy and/or radiation - allows cell death, a strategy now being employed in cancer therapeutics. With our increasing knowledge of cell cycle regulation, many compounds have been developed to inhibit specific checkpoint components, particularly at the G2/M transition. One such target is checkpoint kinase-1 (Chk1). We review here the molecular framework of the cell cycle, the rationale for targeting Chk1, the preclinical concepts related to the development of Chk1 inhibitors, and the efficacy and safety results from Chk1 inhibitors now in phase I/II trials.
Crosstalk measurements of integrated high-speed Ti:LiNbO/sub 3/ Delta beta -reversal switching circuits (1989)

Directional coupler crosstalk was measured at multigigahertz frequencies using an optical sampling method for improved sensitivity. At both 2- and 4-GHz switching frequency, the crosstalk in both switch states of the coupler was <or=-19 dB for an element of a 1*4 switch array intended for time-division-multiplexing applications. The authors also report measurements of intercoupler crosstalk for this switch array.<<ETX>>
Bone mineral metabolism in T lymphocyte–deficient and –replete strains of rat (1995)

Abstract The immune and skeletal systems are known to interact. We have repeatedly shown that in contrast to in vitro data, the administration of T lymphocyte immunosuppressants, such as cyclosporin A, leads to an increase in bone resorption and a high turnover osteopenia. The purpose of this study was to characterize the bone metabolism of the T lymphocyte deficient Rowett athymic homozygous (rnu/rnu) nude rat. We wished to determine whether these rats share the bone abnormalities of cyclosporin A–treated rats. Eleven 10-week-old Sprague–Dawley rats and 12 similarly aged nude rats were studied over a 4-week period. Metaphyseal cancellous bone histomorphometry was similar in the two groups of rats and only differed with regard to percentage eroded perimeter (lower in nude rats, p = 0.008) and longitudinal growth rate (49% lower in nude rats, p &amp;lt; 0.001). The nude rats had less body mass (p &amp;lt; 0.001) but nevertheless gained the same percentage of their body weight over the study period. The athymic rats had lower levels of serum 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (p &amp;lt; 0.014) and serum osteocalcin (p &amp;lt; 0.009), and at the age of 14 weeks the nude rats had lower concentrations of serum creatinine (p = 0.001) and blood ionized calcium (p = 0.0002), yet serum PTH was similar throughout. RNA isolated from the contralateral tibias revealed that the nude group had lower steady-state levels of osteocalcin mRNA despite similar rates of bone formation. In its entirety, the data suggest that T cell deficiency per se is not necessarily associated with high turnover osteopenia.
Growth Performance, Antioxidant Capacity, Lipid-Related Transcript Expression and the Economics of Broiler Chickens Fed Different Levels of Rutin (2018)

The effects of rutin on growth performance, hematological and biochemical profiles, antioxidant capacity, economics and the relative expression of selected antioxidants and lipid-related genes were studied in broiler chickens over 42 days. A total of 200 one-day-old female Ross-308 broiler chickens were distributed into four groups, with five replicates of 10 individuals per replicate. They were fed with 0 (control), 0.25, 0.5 or 1 g rutin/kg supplementation in their basal diet. Dietary rutin supplementation, especially the 1 g/kg diet, increased body weight gain, the protein efficiency ratio (<i>p</i> < 0.001) and both white blood cell and lymphocyte counts (<i>p</i> < 0.001). However, it had no effect on total protein, albumin, globulin, or alanine transaminase. A high concentration of rutin (0.5 and 1 g/kg) also significantly reduced serum total cholesterol, triacylglycerol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations (<i>p</i> < 0.001), as well as malondialdehyde concentrations (<i>p</i> = 0.001). A high concentration diet also increased the activity of superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase. Of the lipid-related genes examined, acetyl CoA carboxylase and fatty acid synthase were significantly down-regulated in the livers of rutin-fed individuals, whereas carnitine palmitoyl transferase 1 and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha were significantly up-regulated. Therefore, rutin supplementation at 1 g/kg has the potential to improve the productive performance and health status of broiler chickens.
DEVELOPMENT OF AEROBIC GRANULES IN SEQUENCING BATCH REACTOR SYSTEM FOR TREATING HIGH TEMPERATURE DOMESTIC WASTEWATER (2019)

The application of aerobic granular sludge (AGS) in treating real domestic wastewater at high temperature is still lacking. In this study, the microstructure and morphology of the granules, as well as bioreactor performance, were investigated during the treatment of real domestic wastewater at high temperature (50 °C). The experiment was executed in a sequencing batch reactor (SBR) with a complete cycle time of 3 hours for the treatment of low-strength domestic wastewater at an organic loading rate (OLR) of 0.6 kg COD m−3 d−1. Stable mature granules with average diameters between 2.0 and 5.0 mm, and good biomass concentration of 5.8 g L−1 were observed in the bioreactor. AGS achieved promising results in the treatment of domestic wastewater with good removal rates of 84.4 %, 99.6 % and 81.7 % for chemical oxygen demand (COD), ammoniacal nitrogen (NH3−N), and total phosphorus (TP), respectively. The study demonstrated the formation capabilities of AGS in a single, high and slender column type-bioreactor at high temperature which is suitable to be applied in hot climate condition areas especially countries with tropical and desert-like climates.
Flow of Electric Current Through Lubricated Contacts (1967)

A study is made of the passage of current, both DC and AC, through elastohydro-dynamically lubricated contacts using a 4-ball machine running at 175 rpm with 1 in Steel balls. At small applied voltages ∼15mV, when there is a coherent oil film, (i.e., when it is not short circuited by metallic contact) it behaves as an ohmic resistance. The resistance of the oil film varies from >101 ohms down to 1 ohm. This has important implications for the concept of percentage metallic contact, and for the statistical contact method of assessing oil film thickness. At high currents (∼1 amp.) the current flows by the voltage discharge mechanism. The transition from ohmic resistance to discharge is discussed. Using the resistance of the oil film the lubricating quality of long chain acids in cetane is compared. A brief study is also mode of Fein's temperature correlation.
Modeling of Soft Pneumatic Actuators with Different Orientation Angles Using Echo State Networks for Irregular Time Series Data (2022)

Modeling of soft robotics systems proves to be an extremely difficult task, due to the large deformation of the soft materials used to make such robots. Reliable and accurate models are necessary for the control task of these soft robots. In this paper, a data-driven approach using machine learning is presented to model the kinematics of Soft Pneumatic Actuators (SPAs). An Echo State Network (ESN) architecture is used to predict the SPA's tip position in 3 axes. Initially, data from actual 3D printed SPAs is obtained to build a training dataset for the network. Irregular-intervals pressure inputs are used to drive the SPA in different actuation sequences. The network is then iteratively trained and optimized. The demonstrated method is shown to successfully model the complex non-linear behavior of the SPA, using only the control input without any feedback sensory data as additional input to the network. In addition, the ability of the network to estimate the kinematics of SPAs with different orientation angles θ is achieved. The ESN is compared to a Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) network that is trained on the interpolated experimental data. Both networks are then tested on Finite Element Analysis (FEA) data for other θ angle SPAs not included in the training data. This methodology could offer a general approach to modeling SPAs with varying design parameters.
Analysis of the radical hydrogen transfer pathway for cleaving strong bonds in coal (1993)

Hydrogen transfer processes involving radical intermediates are of key importance in the liquefaction of coal. While the primary function of donor solvents is to transfer H{lg_bullet} to coal-derived radicals that form when weak bonds are cleaved thermolytically, growing evidence suggests that the donor solvent can play a role in promoting cleavage of strong {alpha}-bonds. McMillen and Malhotra have explained the results in terms of a single-step mechanism referred to as radical H-transfer (RHT). Mechanistic kinetic models have been used to suggest the importance of RHT pathways in anthracene- and pyrene-based solvent systems. However, we question the reliability of these approaches because little experimental data exists to support the 16.5 kcal/mol intrinsic barriers they assume for RHT reactions. Unambiguous evidence for RHT is very difficult to obtain experimentally because at the temperatures required to activate the RHT reaction, a suite of multistep reactions can occur, which yield the same products, i.e. H-elimination from hydroaryl radicals followed by ipso addition. For this reason, we have sought to gain insight to barrier heights for RHT from theory. This paper reports our use of Marcus theory in combination with ab initio and semiempirical molecular orbital methods to show how the intrinsic barriers for RHT reactions depend on structural and thermodynamic properties of the reacting partners. In addition, reactions thought to be mediated by RHT are reexamined using mechanistic kinetic modeling (MKM) to determine the extent to which these reactions can be explained by conventional pathways.
Polarity and Conformational Analysis of Secondary Phosphine Selenides (2012)

Abstract The polarities of bis(2-phenylethyl) and bis(2-phenylpropyl) phosphine selenides were determined and conformational analysis of these phosphine selenides was carried out by the method of dipole moments, IR spectroscopy, and quantum chemical calculations. They exist as an equilibrium of several conformers, and the preferred conformers have gauche orientation of the P = Se and Csp3 – Csp3 bonds.
Pancreatic secretory trypsin inhibitor acts as an effective inhibitor of cysteine proteinases gingipains from Porphyromonas gingivalis (2007)

This finding is the first demonstration of the inhibitory potency of the Kazal-type specific trypsin inhibitors against cysteine proteinases. These discoveries open new possibilities for the use of naturally occurring inhibitors, displaying activity across enzyme families, as a model in designing new molecules of therapeutic significance.
Supplementary Figure 5 from Pericentromeric Instability and Spontaneous Emergence of Human Neoacrocentric and Minute Chromosomes in the Alternative Pathway of Telomere Lengthening (2023)

Supplementary Figure 5 from Pericentromeric Instability and Spontaneous Emergence of Human Neoacrocentric and Minute Chromosomes in the Alternative Pathway of Telomere Lengthening
Behavioral detection of malware on mobile handsets (2008)

A novel behavioral detection framework is proposed to detect mobile worms, viruses and Trojans, instead of the signature-based solutions currently available for use in mobile devices. First, we propose an efficient representation of malware behaviors based on a key observation that the logical ordering of an application's actions over time often reveals the malicious intent even when each action alone may appear harmless. Then, we generate a database of malicious behavior signatures by studying more than 25 distinct families of mobile viruses and worms targeting the Symbian OS - the most widely-deployed handset OS - and their variants. Next, we propose a two-stage mapping technique that constructs these signatures at run-time from the monitored system events and API calls in Symbian OS. We discriminate the malicious behavior of malware from the normal behavior of applications by training a classifier based on Support Vector Machines (SVMs). Our evaluation on both simulated and real-world malware samples indicates that behavioral detection can identify current mobile viruses and worms with more than 96% accuracy. We also find that the time and resource overheads of constructing the behavior signatures from low-level API calls are acceptably low for their deployment in mobile devices.
Assessment of spectral indices for crop residue cover estimation (2010)

The quantification of surficial crop residue (nonphotosynthetic vegetation) cover is important for assessing agricultural tillage practices, rangeland health, and brush fire hazards. The Cellulose Absorption Index (CAI) and the Shortwave Infrared Normalized Difference Residue Index (SINDRI) are two spectral indices that have shown promise for remote estimation of crop residue cover. CAI and SINDRI utilize three and two spectral bands, respectively, rendering the latter less expensive to implement in future satellite sensors. This study shows that while CAI always contrasts well among soils, crop residues, and live vegetation, this is not always the case for SINDRI. A small number of surficial soil samples had positive SINDRI values that have reduced contrasts among crop residues. Some of these soils were biased by SINDRI-positive component minerals. As such, SINDRI is less applicable for remote crop residue cover estimation, even with reduced implementation costs.