gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Potassium Ion Mediated Living and Controlled Anionic Polymerization of 2-Vinylnaphthalene (2VN). Synthesis of P2VN-b-poly(α-methylstyrene) and P2VN-b-poly(9,9-dimethyl-2-vinylfluorene) Block Copolymers (2001)

The anionic polymerization is reported of 2-vinylnaphthalene (2VN) initiated with potassium naphthalide (K-Naph), potassium 1,1,4,4,7,7,10,10-octamethyl-1,2,3,4,7,8,9,10-octahydronaphthacene (K-OMOHN), and α-methylstyryldipotassium oligomers (AMS-K2) in tetrahydrofuran at −78 °C. Narrow molecular weight distributions are obtained with good agreement of calculated and observed molecular weights. It is also possible to prepare poly(2-vinylnaphthalene) (P2VN) of very high molecular weight (as high as 90 000) and narrow polydispersity indices (PDI as low as 1.06). Under the above conditions, the P2VN-K2 has a shelf life exceeding 1 h as indicated by polymerization resumption experiments giving P2VN with statistical narrowing of the molecular weight distribution. The living character of the P2VN-K2 dianion was also demonstrated by the synthesis of narrow molecular weight distribution poly(α-methylstyrene)-b-P2VN-b-poly(α-methylstyrene), P2VN-b-poly(α-methylstyrene)-b-P2VN, and poly(9,9-dimethyl-2-vinylfluorene)-b-P2VN-b-poly(9,9-dimethyl-2-vinylfluorene) triblock copolymers and by quantitative end-functionalization with 1,4-bis(bromomethyl)benzene.
Multistage Fusion With Dissimilarity Regularization for SAR/IR Target Recognition (2018)

In this paper, we propose dissimilarity regularization with a multistage fusion stream for a synthetic aperture radar (SAR) and infrared (IR) sensor fusion using deep learning. The multistage fusion structures are composed of multiple layers for fusing all the feature maps generated by the convolutional neural networks. The proposed structure combines feature maps of equivalent levels, ensuring that the spatial information of the corresponding levels can be utilized for fusion. Dissimilarity regularization is the sum of the normalized cross-correlation between the features generated in two different single-sensor streams. The proposed regularization is added to the conventional learning problem of a single-sensor stream, and each single-sensor stream is promoted to learn the disparate types of features for fusion. To evaluate the proposed algorithm, we compare the recognition rate of the proposed algorithm with that of the conventional fusion approaches using the SAR and IR image databases. Finally, the effects of the proposed architecture and regularization on the fusion result are analyzed.
D-Dimer Measurements Unhelpful for Ruling In DIC (2000)

Physicians often use D-dimer assay results to corroborate the diagnosis of disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC). We determined whether the results of this nonspecific assay helped to diagnose DIC in a group of patients admitted to the intensive care unit (a setting in which patients are often evaluated for this condition). We defined DIC in accordance with the following findings: systemic bleeding, prothrombin time (PT) more than 3 seconds above the reference range (or both); a fibrinogen level less than 150 mg/dL (1.5 g/L); and a platelet count less than 100 × 103/μL (100 × 109/L). For each patient, we calculated the Acute Physiological and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE) II score for illness and measured the PT, fibrinogen level, platelet count, and (semiquantitative) D-dimer level. The D-dimer result was positive in 31 of 50 patients (62%); for all 50 patients, the PT, fibrinogen level, and platelet count were within the reference ranges. None of these patients had clinical or laboratory evidence of DIC. We found no correlation between D-dimer results and (1) clinically observed deep venous thrombosis or pulmonary embolus; and (2) PT, level of fibrinogen, or platelet count. The mean ± SD APACHE II scores of D-dimer–negative patients were lower than those of the D-dimer–positive patients (13.4 ± 1.4 vs 16.2 ± 1.1, P = .006) but did not correlate with the degree of D-dimer positivity. The mean ± SD fibrinogen level of the D-dimer–negative group (456 ± 295 mg/dL [4.6 ± 3.0 g/L]) was not significantly different from that of the D-dimer–positive group (393 ± 187 mg/dL [3.9 ± 1.9 g/L], P = .36). We conclude that D-dimer levels are elevated in most critically ill patients irrespective of their hemostatic or thrombotic symptoms. The D-dimer assay should not be used to diagnose DIC in this patient population because it adds no specificity; it should be used only to rule out DIC.
Inserting active delay elements to achieve wave pipelining (2003)

Wave pipelining is a technique for pipelining digital systems that can increase the clock frequency without increasing the number of storage elements. Due to limits and variations in fabrication, the clock frequency can be increased by a factor of 2 to 3 by using the best available design methods. The authors present algorithms that will equalize delays automatically by inserting a minimal number of active delay elements to lengthen short paths. This method can be combined with delay balancing by adjusting gate speeds to design wave-pipelined circuits.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
A preliminary evaluation of in vivo response to a filament‐wound macroporous collagen midurethral sling in an ovine model (2022)

Stress urinary incontinence (SUI) impacts ~1/3 of women over age 50. Negative publicity around PP meshes used in pelvic prolapse repair drives the need for identifying alternative biomaterials for SUI repair. Our study evaluated in vivo response to collagen sling implanted in an ovine model. Electrocompacted collagen threads were filament wound as slings and crosslinked in genipin. Collagen slings were implanted suburethrally mimicking the transvaginal tape technique. Main study groups were: Collagen sling (n = 3, 6 months) and PP sling (n = 3, 6 months). Collagen sling was also tested at 3-weeks (n = 1) to observe early-stage tissue response and 1-year (n = 2) to assess biomaterial longevity in a preliminary capacity. Collagen slings healed to a fibrous ligament texture at 6 months and maintained such texture to 1 year. Histological scoring indicated biocompatible responses to collagen slings with no adverse events. All study groups exhibited complete tissue ingrowth and interstitial de novo collagen deposition at all time points. Collagen threads induced orderly de novo collagen deposition that was aligned along long axes of threads. Tissue infiltrated collagen slings that were explanted at 6 and 12 months presented similar structural strength with native tissues such as vagina and fascia, and PP (Lynx) slings (p > .05). With the limitation of low number of animals per time point in hindsight, this preliminary study justifies evaluation of collagen slings in a larger sample size of animals, particularly to assess persistence of ligamentous tissue response over longer durations than 1-year.
Effects of inducible glial fibrillary acidic protein on glioma cell motility and proliferation (2000)

We have studied the effect of induced glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) on motility, cell morphology, and proliferation of two originally GFAP-negative human glioma cell lines. Glioma cell lines U-1242 MG and U-251 MG sp subclone 3A were transfected with a vector system that allows for an inducible GFAP expression. This experimental system creates an "on/off" situation in which GFAP expression is suppressed by tetracycline. Inducible expression of GFAP in the absence of tetracycline was confirmed by immunofluorescence staining and Northern and Western blotting. The study showed that forced GFAP expression resulted in an inhibition of cell motility measured as the phagokinetic track area of individual cells seeded sparsely on a surface covered with gold particles. It also resulted in a change in cell morphology, with extended cell processes, and it was associated with a low fraction of cells in S-phase. We conclude that the down-regulation of GFAP expression that is often seen in gliomas in vivo may be an important parameter of tumor progression related mainly to the motile and thereby invasive properties of malignant glioma cells.
Reduced density operators and the N‐particle problem (1978)

Abstract An historical review of the theory of reduced density operators is given emphasizing the key role of the second order reduced matrix and related new concepts for understanding systems of many interacting fermions.
A new era for InP-based Photonic Integration (2011)

The prospects for InP-based Photonic Integration are rapidly increasing after a few difficult\nyears that followed the telecom turndown in the beginning of the century. Main drivers are the\nevolution of the network towards 100 Gb/s and beyond, and the emergence of Generic\nPhotonic Integration Technologies. In the presentation an overview of the development of\nInP-based photonic integration will be given and the future prospects will be discussed.
Fluorescence lifetime and time-resolved polarization anisotropy studies of acyl chain order and dynamics in lipid bilayers (1981)

The time-resolved fluorescence intensity and anisotropy decays of cis- and trans-parinaric acids and phosphatidylcholines labeled with trans-parinaric acid have been characterized in bilayers formed by several phosphatidylcholines and by dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine-cholesterol mixtures, at several temperatures. Both a conventional free-running nitrogen flashlamp and the novel synchrotron source at the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center (SLAC) were used as excitation sources for a modified single photon counting fluorescence lifetime apparatus. The measured emission decay kinetics of both isomers of parinaric acid were biexponential in all but one of the lipid systems examined. The fluorescence anisotropy of parinaric acid was large and constant in gel phase lipids, but showed a very rapid (approximately 2 GHz) decay of large amplitude in fluid lipids. In all lipid systems studied, the fluorescence anisotropy decayed to a nonzero asymptote, in striking contrast to the behavior observed in viscous solvent solutions. The asymptotic anisotropy was used to calculate an "order parameter" of the emission transition dipole. The value of the order parameter is quite close to that obtained by deuterium NMR. Cholesterol increased the order parameter measured in fluid dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine but did not substantially affect the rate of angular relaxation. Experiments conducted with trans-parinaroylphosphatidylcholines yielded results virtually identical with those obtained with trans-parinaric acid.
ChemInform Abstract: Beyond Polygodial: New Drimane Sesquiterpenes from a Southern Australian Marine Sponge, Dysidea sp. (1993)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
MOBILITY DEVICE USE IN THE UNITED STATES: DISABILITY STATISTICS REPORT (2000)

Assistive devices--such as wheelchairs, scooters, canes, crutches, and walkers--are effective ways to alleviate the impact of mobility limitations for many people, allowing improved ambulation and independence. Because the U.S. population is aging, the use of assistive devices by people with mobility impairments is of increasing importance. Assistive technology may be responsible for the observed reduction in the level of activity limitation at older ages. For mobility devices to be used effectively, the environments in which they are used must be accessible. Yet, there is little data on the extent of accessibility barriers faced by people who use these devices. This report focuses on the population using devices, providing a detailed profile of their demographic characteristics; health and disability status, including diagnoses and impairments, physical functioning, and activities of daily living; and health insurance status. More significantly, the report addresses the accessibility of mobility device users' homes and larger environments (including public transit accessibility), demonstrating that improvements in physical accessibility remain a priority for millions of mobility device users who still experience accessibility barriers.
Preparation of Sensitive and Specific Oligonucleotide Probes Tailed Using Terminal Transferase and dITP (2000)

An oligonucleotide probe tailed with deoxyadenosine-5'-triphosphate or deoxythymine-5'-triphosphate is detectable with high sensitivity, but has a major drawback--the tail co-hybridizes specifically to complementary sequences. This can be a problem when screening cDNA clones that contain poly(dA) sequences. While it is possible to mask the cDNA tail with unlabeled poly(dA) or poly(A) oligonucleotides, false-positive clones are still produced because complete masking of extremely long (dA) tails is difficult. As a result, only cDNA clones that have extremely long poly(dA) sequences are often obtained by hybridization screening using tailed probes. In this report, we describe an oligonucleotide probe tailed with DIG-labeled nucleotide in combination with deoxyinosine-5'-triphosphate that was highly specific and sensitive to cDNAs. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase efficiently adds dI nucleotides to the 3'-end. The dI of the tails did not pair with any nucleotides under stringent hybridization so that the specificity of hybridization assays remained high without affecting the sensitivity of the test. Colony hybridization experiments demonstrated that there were very few (1 of 80 tested) false positives using this technique. Its use may increase the accuracy of cDNA screening.
New varistor material (1988)

A composite varistor material containing silicon carbide, a conductor, and an insulator has been developed. The material has rubberlike flexibility and is easily formed. A higher leakage resistivity (∼1012 Ω cm) and greater nonlinearity (∼10) than for silicon carbide varistors permit the material to be used as a gapless surge suppressor. The breakdown voltage (1–10 kV/cm) and other properties of the material vary with composition. High current capability (&amp;gt;200 A/cm2) and good energy absorption (&amp;gt;40 J/cm3) are obtained. Also, the material exhibits a low-temperature coefficient (∼4×10−3/K) and a low dielectric constant (∼10) with no observed loss peak.
Cloud-to-ground lightning detector (1979)

Device senses electric-field changes and hf radiation to distinguish cloud-to-ground flashes from cloud-to-cloud flashes.
Naïve Realism in Terrain Appreciation (2007)

Previously, we have shown that shaded perspective view (“3-D”) displays are better for understanding the shape and rough layout of terrain than conventional 2-D views. We have coined the term Naïve Realism for users' misplaced, blanket faith in these 3-D displays (Smallman &amp; St. John, 2005). There are hints in the individual difference literature that those of low spatial ability may be particularly prone to Naïve Realism. Here, we integrate these notions to test several theoretical predictions and to develop a new terrain simplification concept. Thirty-three participants had their spatial ability and problem-solving style measured. Then participants predicted which displays would, and then did, best support them in performing a task of threading a concealed route through realistic terrain. Depth relief (shading vs. topographic lines), viewing angle (90° vs. 45°) and terrain fidelity (high/unfiltered sharp vs. low/spatially smoothed) were all varied. Of the eight display combinations, Naïve Realism correctly predicted the greatest preference for the highest fidelity, realistic 3-D view (sharp, shaded, 45°). Yet the routing task was best performed with lower fidelity views. Spatially filtering terrain unmasks canyons and other gross terrain features, enabling them to pop-out more easily. Individuals of high spatial ability had better task performance and better calibrated their post-task display preferences, suggesting they are generally more savvy about the ways that display format affects their performance.
The Microflora of the Gastric Juice after Billroth I and Billroth II Partial Gastrectomy (1986)

Detailed analyses of biochemical and microbiological variables such as pH, nitrite concentration, total viable counts (TVC), nitrate reductase-positive bacterial counts (NRPBC), and identification of microorganisms were carried out on 76 fasting gastric juice samples obtained at endoscopy from 64 patients previously submitted to partial gastrectomy (22 end-to-end Billroth I, 42 Billroth II/Reichel-Polya) and from 12 normal controls. Samples from normal controls were sterile, but bacteria were detected in the juice from all the operated patients. Significantly higher mean pH values and nitrite levels (p less than 0.001) were found in partial gastrectomies than in normal controls. In relation to surgical methods, higher mean pH values (p less than 0.005), nitrite levels (p less than 0.01), TVC (p less than 0.01), and NRPBC (p less than 0.005) were observed in the juice of patients with Billroth II as compared with Billroth I gastrectomies. Anaerobic bacteria, typical of faecal flora, and particularly Escherichia coli (p less than 0.05) characterized Billroth II samples. All these data suggest that the presence of bacteria in the gastric juice of gastroresected patients can be considered a risk factor of gastric neoplasia and that the type of operation used for the reconstruction of digestive continuity may influence the magnitude of this risk.
Immunohistochemical study of Human Papilloma Virus and Epstein–Barr virus in patients with lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma of the uterine cervix (2019)

Introduction. Lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma (LELC) of the uterine cervix is a rare type of squamous cell carcinoma (SSC). It differs from the usual SSC of the cervix in its morphology and clinical behavior and shows a better prognosis than the more common SSC of the cervix. It is considered that LELC is associated with Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) infection in Asian and with human papilloma virus (HPV) or no infection in Caucasian patients. The aim of the study was to confirm whether or not LELC is more common in Caucasian patients with EBV/HPV infection or whether there is no correlation to the previous viral exposure. Material and methods. A retrospective research has been done on 775 female patients for a period of 8 years, who have been operated for cervical cancer in the Onco-gynecological Department of UMHAT “Doctor Georgi Stranski”-Pleven, Bulgaria. A group of 16 women with LELC has been identified by clinical data. Morphologically, 13 of them have been examined by routine histological and immunohistochemical tests, for assessment of the viral status, with monoclonal antibodies against EBV/HPV by DAKO protocol. Results. Two of the women have been proven to have EBV, tree-HPV infection and two – both viruses. In the other six cases no viral infections have been identified. Conclusion. Our results show a stronger correlation between LELC in Caucasian women and a previous HPV infection or no viral infection, rather than association with EBV infection.
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient and Productive Asymmetric Michael Addition: Development of a Highly Enantioselective Quinidine‐Based Organocatalyst for Homogeneous Recycling via Nanofiltration. (2013)

Abstract A series of enlarged quinidine‐derived organocatalysts are synthesized based on the concept of polyalkylation.
Chitosan nanoparticles to encapsulate a biofilm degrading enzyme for treatment of CRBSI. (2010)

Catheters represent an essential part of the management of critically and chronically ill patients. However, their use is often plagued by catheter related blood stream infections (CRBSIs), which are associated with increased morbidity, hospital stay and medical costs. Treatment for CRBSIs is often difficult due to the microorganism’s development of resistance to the drug being used. Development of the resistance has been directly correlated with the formation of biofilms, caused when bacteria adhere to the surface of the catheters in community-like complexes. In order, to overcome antibiotic resistance, chitosan nanoparticles encapsulating a biofilm degrading enzyme, ß-N-Acetylglucosaminidase (NAGase) were fabricated through an ionic gelation method. Chitosan nanoparticle parameters; including, size, zeta potential, morphological characteristics, swelling properties, encapsulation efficiencies and release profiles were optimized for use as a biofilm degrading enzyme carrier. We hypothesize that sustained release of NAGase for biofilm degradation can reduce the formation of biofilms and increase the effectiveness of antibiotics to aid in reducing CRBSIs.
Reactivity of water vapor in an atmospheric pressure DBD -Application to\n LDPE surfaces (2016)

The reactivity of water vapor introduced in an atmospheric dielectric barrier\ndischarge supplied in argon is investigated through optical emission\nspectroscopy measurements. This discharge is also used for the treatment of\nLDPE surfaces. Water contact angles measurements, XPS and AFM techniques are\nused to study the grafting of oxygen functions on the LDPE surface and increase\nits hydrophilicity.\n
Chiral quantum spin solitons (1996)

The concept of chirality is introduced in the quantum dynamics of spin solitons. For half-integer spin chains we find as universal properties that the Brillouin zone is halved and that two subsequent band minima have opposite chirality. This effect occurs in quasi-one-dimensional (1D) magnets in the semiclassical limit, in anisotropic spin-1/2 chains and for holes propagating in a two-dimensional (2D) antiferromagnetic background.
Direct liquid thermal management of 3D chip stacks (2009)

Chip stacks are a crucial building block in advanced 3D microsystem architectures and can accommodate shorter interconnect distances between devices, reduced power dissipation, and improved electrical performance. Although enhanced conduction can serve to transfer the dissipated heat to the top and sides of the package and/or down to the underlying PCB, effective thermal management of stacked chips remains a most difficult challenge. Immersion cooling techniques, which provide convective and/or ebullient heat transfer, along with buoyant fluid flow, in the narrow gaps separating adjacent chips, are a most promising alternative to conduction cooling of three-dimensional chip stacks. Application of the available theories, correlations, and experimental data are shown to reveal that passive immersion cooling-relying on natural convection and/or pool boiling - could provide the requisite thermal management capability for 3D chip stacks anticipated for use in much of the portable equipment category. Alternatively, pumped flow of dielectric liquids through the microgaps in 3D stacks, providing single phase and/or flow boiling heat absorption, could meet many of the most extreme thermal management requirements for high-performance 3D microsystems. Use of deionized water is shown to provide an order of magnitude improvement in heat dissipation relative to the available dielectric fluids.
Hospital-acquired pneumonia is associated with deficient γc-cytokine gene expression (2011)

Lymphocyte homeostasis is dependent on the γc cytokines. We hypothesised that infection in humans is associated with differential gene expression of the γc cytokines and their associated apoptosis mediators.