gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
9-Mesityl-9,10-dihydro-9-boraanthrylidene: a probe of structure and reactivity for aromatic carbenes (1984)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXT9-Mesityl-9,10-dihydro-9-boraanthrylidene: a probe of structure and reactivity for aromatic carbenesStephen C. Lapin, Beth Ellen Brauer, and Gary B. SchusterCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1984, 106, 7, 2092–2100Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1984Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1984https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00319a032https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00319a032research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views395Altmetric-Citations31LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
SIMPA: A Graphic Simulator for the CAD of Parallel Manipulators (1992)

Abstract This paper presents a graphic simulation environment which can be used as an aid for the design of parallel manipulators. Both planar and spatial parallel manipulators can be treated with the simulator. Fast algorithms for the determination of the workspace are implemented. Therefore, sections of the workspace — with their boundaries — can be plotted interactively and their volume or area estimated very accurately. Moreover, contour plots of design criteria such as dexterity, stiffness or conditioning can be superimposed on these plots in order to provide the user with a graphical representation of the behavior of these properties over the workspace. Singularity loci can also be plotted for planar manipulators. The simulator is implemented on a SUN SPARC Station and uses the SUNPHIGS graphics library. The mechanical design of parallel manipulators is a complex issue which involves a detailed mechanical analysis. Indeed, parallel manipulators generally exhibit good stiffness properties but usually have a rather limited workspace. Furthermore, they are known to suffer from singularities for which the end-effector becomes uncontrollable. Problems related to workspace optimization and stiffness are therefore crucial in the context of design of parallel manipulators and the simulation package presented here is a very useful tool for the designer.
Implantation masking technology for selective porous silicon formation (2003)

In this work, the masking technology for selective porous silicon formation by creating n-type areas on a p-type substrate by ion implantation was investigated and the optimum conditions were found. The most critical parameter in the process is the surface concentration of dopants. However, in all cases, some corrosion of the masking area was observed. The main efficiency-limiting factor of the technique is pointed out and a solution is proposed. The optimum conditions developed were used to fabricate suspended monocrystalline silicon membranes on bulk silicon.
Functional molecular masses of vacuolar membrane H+‐ATPase from Saccharomyces cerevisiae as studied by radiation inactivation analysis (1989)

The functional molecular masses of the vacuolar membrane H+-ATPase in Saccharomyces cerevisiae under two kinetic conditions for ATP hydrolysis were measured by radiation inactivation. When vacuolar membrane vesicles were exposed to gamma-rays from 60Co, the activities catalyzing a single-cycle and multi-cycles of ATP hydrolysis both decreased as single-exponential functions of the radiation dosage. By applying the target theory, the functional molecular masses for single- and multi-cycle hydrolyses of ATP were determined to be approx. 0.9-1.1 X 10(5) and 4.1-5.3 X 10(5) Da, respectively. N,N'-Dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCCD) did not inhibit the former reaction but strongly inhibited the latter. It is suggested that the ATPase with a minimal composite of subunits a and b, in which subunit c is not necessarily involved operationally, can catalyze single-cycle hydrolysis of ATP, whereas for multi-cycle hydrolysis of ATP, the ATPase requires a properly organized oligomeric structure with subunits a-c, which may direct a positive cooperative mechanism of ATP hydrolysis and coupled H+ translocation in a DCCD-sensitive manner.
Numerical simulations of femtosecond temporal solitons and spatial solitons in nonlinear optics (2002)

Experimentalists have produced all-optical switches capable of 100 femtosecond responses. Also, there are experimental observations of spatial soliton interactions. To model such effects, nonlinearities in optical materials must be included. The behavior of electromagnetic fields in nonlinear dielectrics can be determined by solving the nonlinear Maxwell's equations. However currently, the standard method for determining the fields is to solve the nonlinear Schrodinger equation (NLSE), which is an approximation that neglects the optical carrier of the pulse. For modeling small scale engineered inhomogeneities in optical devices, on the order of 0.1 to 10 optical cycles, the assumptions in the NLSE become unjustified. In this paper, solutions are presented of calculations of the 2-D vector nonlinear Maxwell's equations for propagating and scattering temporal and spatial solitons in material media having linear and nonlinear instantaneous and Lorentzian dispersive effects in the electric polarization. The optical carrier is retained in these calculations. A finite difference method is used to solve Maxwell's equations and the ordinary differential equations that determine the linear and nonlinear dispersive effects.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
A generic video analysis and segmentation system (2002)

A generic video analysis system for supervised and unsupervised segmentation is described. The idea behind the presented concept is to integrate different advanced segmentation techniques to obtain a robust, efficient and modular segmentation system for natural video and still images. The system entails several independent modules. Each one of these modules encapsulates a complete video processing technique The intermediate results obtained from each single module are merged and further processed by a set of intelligent rules to achieve a highly accurate final segmentation. The modular structure of the system allows it to be extended continuously and with ease by adding new independent modules. The intermediate segmentation results of newly added modules are linked to the other system results via the rule processor. A user friendly graphical interface (GUI) is also provided. The functionality of the GUI is twofold: it serves as input interface to pass processing parameters to the system and as semi-automatic segmentation tool for user interaction and manually refinement of automatically generated segmentation masks. Selected results obtained with the current version of the video analysis system are reported.
Studies on the Acid-stable Digestive Enzyme. I (1960)

Digestive enzyme preparations like pancreatin and diastase are generally sensitive to gastric juice and their major portion is destroyed on contact with gastric juice. In order to obtain acid-stable digestive enzyme, which would fully exhibit its digestive power in gastric juice, approximately 170 strains of Aspcrgillus sp. were isolated from natural source, submitted to wheat bran culture, and potency assay was carried out on their culture extract. One of the strain isolated, belonging to Aspergillus oryzae morphologically, had stronger proteinolytic activity at pH 3-6 than Aspergillus niger and was named Aspergillus oryzae TPR-18.
Inhibition of Chloroplast-Mediated Reactions by Quizalofop Herbicide (1988)

A mechanism of action of the ethyl ester of quizalofop was determined in monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous plants. Quizalofop inhibited electron transport in both cucumber and corn chloroplasts. In corn, inhibition of electron transport was more pronounced under phosphorylating conditions. Half-maximal inhibition (I 50 ) of ATP synthesis was achieved with a 75-μM concentration of quizalofop in coupled corn chloroplasts. Cucumber chloroplast ATP synthesis was not inhibited at herbicide concentrations up to 100 μM. Corn chloroplast fractions contained greater quantities of bound [U- 14 C] quizalofop ester following incubation in light and dark assays. Thin-layer radiochromatograms of 14 C-labeled quizalofop showed no metabolism or degradation of parent ester incubated in light and dark chloroplast-mediated reactions. In our studies, it is apparent that the inhibitory action of quizalofop was due to the parent ester. The ester formulation of quizalofop appears to exhibit multiple activity in susceptible plant chloroplasts.
Distribution of 14C-Latanoprost Following a Single Intracameral Administration Versus Repeated Topical Administration (2020)

Intracameral delivery resulted in more selective target tissue drug exposure. Intracameral drug delivery has potential to reduce ocular surface and periocular adverse effects associated with topical administration of prostaglandin analogues, such as eyelash growth and periorbital fat atrophy.
Polyamines in Eukaryotes, Bacteria, and Archaea (2016)

Polyamines are primordial polycations found in most cells and perform different functions in different organisms. Although polyamines are mainly known for their essential roles in cell growth and proliferation, their functions range from a critical role in cellular translation in eukaryotes and archaea, to bacterial biofilm formation and specialized roles in natural product biosynthesis. At first glance, the diversity of polyamine structures in different organisms appears chaotic; however, biosynthetic flexibility and evolutionary and ecological processes largely explain this heterogeneity. In this review, I discuss the biosynthetic, evolutionary, and physiological processes that constrain or expand polyamine structural and functional diversity.
Fast Evaluation of Herbal Substance Class Composition by Relative Mass Defect Plots (2020)

A holistic, nontargeted mass spectrometric analysis of any herbal material and preparation is intimately connected to fast chemical profiling and visualization of secondary plant metabolite classes or single compounds. High-resolution mass spectral data enable a broad variety of analytical possibilities. Often a fast and comprehensive overview on compound classes (phytochemical profiling) is needed before single-substance considerations. We present a fast approach for the initial characterization and substance class profiling using relative mass defect plots for the visualization of herbal compositions. From a dataset of 1160 common plant metabolites that represent a varied mixture of molecular classes in polarity, glycosylation, and alkylation, manually annotated for substance classes, the relative mass defects were calculated using theoretical molecular masses. For the calculation of the relative mass defect, a new approach incorporating two correction functions to obtain correct relative mass defect results also for large hydrocarbons, and a multitude of polyhalogenated molecules was developed. Using the Khachyan algorithm, elliptical areas clustering substance classes within the relative mass defect plots were calculated. The resulting novel relative mass defect plots provide a quick way of two-dimensional substance class mapping directly from high-resolution mass spectral data and may be considered as a unique fingerprint for herbals, part of them or herbal preparations. We show that adding the retention time as a third dimension improves the resolution power of the two-dimensional relative mass defect plot and offers the possibility for a more detailed substance class mapping.
Low-dose bleomycin induces targeted gene repair frequency in cultured melan-c cells using chimeric RNA/DNA oligonucleotide transfection (2003)

We attempted to raise the frequency of targeted gene repair attained by RNA/DNA chimeraplasty through activation of endogenous DNA recombination/repair system in cultured melan-c cells. For elevating the repair activity, either gamma-ray irradiation at 2 Gy or bleomycin addition at 5 nM to the culture medium was done. Subsequently, the tyrosinase-targeted chimeric RNA/DNA oligonucleotides were transfected. The frequency of targeted gene repair was assessed by three means, i.e., changes in cell color from transparent to dark black, restriction fragment band patterns, and DNA sequencing analysis. The results indicated that the gamma-ray irradiation did not improve the efficiency at all. In contrast, the low-dose bleomycin addition induced the frequency of targeted base conversion, compared with transfection with chimeric RDOs alone, although the frequency was still insufficient and varied from 0.1 to 10% of the total cultured cells.
Observation of inhibited spontaneous emission and stimulated emission of rhodamine 6G in polymer replica of synthetic opal (1998)

We report the observation of inhibited spontaneous emission of organic dye rhodamine 6G infiltrated in a polymer replica of synthetic opal as a photonic crystal. The morphology-dependent resonances, superimposed on the broadband emission of rhodamine 6G due to spherical wavelength-sized microcavity enhancement of dye emission, have also been observed.
Performance evaluation of asynchronous random access CDMA with block FEC coding (2003)

The authors present an analysis of asynchronous random access packet CDMA (code-division multiple-access) channels with block FEC (forward error correction) coding. A procedure for calculating the error probability of an L bit packet in the variable message length, multiuser CDMA environment is presented. This procedure is used in conjunction with appropriate flow equilibrium traffic models to compute performance measures such as throughput and delay. Using as an example a direct sequence spread-spectrum multiple-access system with BCH block coding for FEC, the analytical model is used to obtain throughput vs. channel traffic curves over a range of code rates, leading to an assessment of maximum achievable throughput and the associated optimum FEC code rate. The results show that the use of block FEC coding provides a significant improvement in the normalized net channel throughput, approach values which are competitive with those for nonspread-spectrum ALOHA-type random access channels.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Downward Harmonization (2015)

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Protodeboronation of ortho- and para-Phenol Boronic Acids and Application to ortho and meta Functionalization of Phenols Using Boronic Acids as Blocking and Directing Groups (2013)

The first metal-free thermal protodeboronation of ortho- and para-phenol boronic acids in DMSO was developed. The protodeboronation was successfully applied to the synthesis of ortho- and meta-functionalized phenols using the boronic acid moiety as a blocking group and a directing group, respectively. Mechanistic studies suggested that this protodeboronation proceeds through the coordination of water to the boron atom followed by σ-bond metathesis.
Universities and information technologies for instructional programmew issues and potential impacts (1996)

Abstract Information technologies will haw an increasing impact on many components of post-secondary education. lhese new technologies, will drive major changes in instructional progammes and learning environments; both on and off campuses. Recent publications on current applications and possible future transformations in the instructional areal are reviewed in this paper. Creative utilization of infirmation technologies can help with many of the issues currenth facing universities—finances, educational content, outreach, retention, time-to-degree, delivery options, assessment, internationalization and K-12 (pre-college) interactions. Paradigm that are possible with educational technologies have generated and will continue to generate increased competition in the education market-place. Those who choose to ignore the new players will do so at their peril.
Accuracy of phase‐contrast flow measurements in the presence of partial‐volume effects (1993)

The accuracy of volume flow rate measurements obtained with phase-contrast methods was assessed by means of computer simulation and in vitro experiments. Factors studied include (a) the partial-volume effect due to voxel dimensions relative to vessel dimensions and orientation and (b) intravoxel phase dispersion. It is shown that limited resolution (partial-volume effect) is the major obstacle to accurate flow measurement for both laminar and plug flow. The results show that at least 16 voxels must cover the cross section of the vessel lumen to obtain a measurement accuracy to within 10%. Measurement accuracy also greatly depends on the relative signal intensity of stationary tissue and is better for laminar flow than plug flow.
Reverse-Engineering and Exploiting the Frontend Bus of Intel Processor (2022)

The frontend of modern Intel processors will decode instructions into <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mu$</tex-math></inline-formula> ops and stream them to the backend by the frontend bus, which is shared between two logical cores to maximize utilization without sharing mechanism fully disclosed. Taking Haswell as an example, we reverse the bus from Decoded ICache to Instruction Decode Queue and the bus from Instruction Decode Queue to backend. We find that they are dynamically shared between two logical cores, which makes it possible for observable timing differences in one another through different instructions. Based on these differences, we propose the Synthetical bus covert channel for LSD-enabled architectures like Haswell and the DI bus covert channel for LSD-disabled architectures like Cometlake. We test our covert channels in physical machines and virtual machines. The bandwidth of Synthetical bus covert channel achieves 870 Kbps with 95.69% accuracy in physical machines and 145 Kbps with 92.83% accuracy in virtual machines. The bandwidth of DI bus covert channel reaches 1450 Kbps with 97.2% accuracy in physical machines and 70.33 Kbps with 92.3% accuracy in virtual machines. We further demonstrate a new Spectre variant. Finally, we propose two possible mitigations against our covert channels due to the limitations of existing protection strategies.
Comparison of Antibacterial Adhesion When Salivary Pellicle Is Coated on Both Poly(2-hydroxyethyl-methacrylate)- and Polyethylene-glycol-methacrylate-grafted Poly(methyl methacrylate) (2018)

Although poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (pHEMA) and polyethylene glycol methacrylate (PEGMA) have been demonstrated to inhibit bacterial adhesion, no study has compared antibacterial adhesion when salivary pellicle is coated on polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) grafted with pHEMA and on PMMA grafted with PEGMA. In this study, PMMA discs were fabricated from a commercial orthodontic acrylic resin system (Ortho-Jet). Attenuated total reflection-Fourier transform infrared spectra taken before and after grafting confirmed that pHEMA and PEGMA were successfully grafted on PMMA. Contact angle measurements revealed PMMA-pHEMA to be the most hydrophilic, followed by PMMA-PEGMA, and then by PMMA. Zeta potential analysis revealed the most negative surface charges on PMMA-PEGMA, followed by PMMA-pHEMA, and then by PMMA. Confocal laser scanning microscopy showed green fluorescence in the background, indicating images that influenced the accuracy of the quantification of live bacteria. Both the optical density value measured at 600 nm and single plate-serial dilution spotting showed that pHEMA was more effective than PEGMA against <i>Escherichia coli</i> and <i>Streptococcus mutans</i>, although the difference was not significant. Therefore, the grafting of pHEMA and PEGMA separately on PMMA is effective against bacterial adhesion, even after the grafted PMMA were coated with salivary pellicle. Surface hydrophilicity, bactericidality, and Coulomb repulsion between the negatively charged bacteria and the grafted surface contributed to the effectiveness.
The Cleavage within the Farmers' Alliance Movement (1928)

The Cleavage Within the Farmers' Alliance Movement Get access Herman Clarence Nixon Herman Clarence Nixon Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Journal of American History, Volume 15, Issue 1, June 1928, Pages 22–33, https://doi.org/10.2307/1891665 Published: 01 June 1928
High Throughput Mutagenesis for Identification of Residues Regulating Human Prostacyclin (hIP) Receptor Expression and Function (2014)

The human prostacyclin receptor (hIP receptor) is a seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) that plays a critical role in vascular smooth muscle relaxation and platelet aggregation. hIP receptor dysfunction has been implicated in numerous cardiovascular abnormalities, including myocardial infarction, hypertension, thrombosis and atherosclerosis. Genomic sequencing has discovered several genetic variations in the PTGIR gene coding for hIP receptor, however, its structure-function relationship has not been sufficiently explored. Here we set out to investigate the applicability of high throughput random mutagenesis to study the structure-function relationship of hIP receptor. While chemical mutagenesis was not suitable to generate a mutagenesis library with sufficient coverage, our data demonstrate error-prone PCR (epPCR) mediated mutagenesis as a valuable method for the unbiased screening of residues regulating hIP receptor function and expression. Here we describe the generation and functional characterization of an epPCR derived mutagenesis library compromising >4000 mutants of the hIP receptor. We introduce next generation sequencing as a useful tool to validate the quality of mutagenesis libraries by providing information about the coverage, mutation rate and mutational bias. We identified 18 mutants of the hIP receptor that were expressed at the cell surface, but demonstrated impaired receptor function. A total of 38 non-synonymous mutations were identified within the coding region of the hIP receptor, mapping to 36 distinct residues, including several mutations previously reported to affect the signaling of the hIP receptor. Thus, our data demonstrates epPCR mediated random mutagenesis as a valuable and practical method to study the structure-function relationship of GPCRs.