gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Development and validation of an HPLC-DAD method for Rapid quantification of vasicine in Adhatoda vasica leaves and commercial products (2022)

Leaves from <i>Adhatoda vasica</i> Nees, Acanthaceae (synonym <i>Justicia adhatoda</i> L.) have been widely used in traditional medicine for their beneficial effect in the treatment of respiratory diseases. Vasicine, the main quinazoline alkaloid in <i>A. vasica</i>, has been linked to its medicinal properties. The purpose of this work was to develop and validate a reliable analytical method for the quantification of vasicine in <i>A. vasica</i> leaves and commercially available products. For this purpose, a high-performance liquid chromatography method coupled to diode array detection (HPLC-DAD) was used. After optimization of the extraction process and the HPLC conditions, linearity, precision, accuracy, and specificity were checked. During the validation, six commonly available food supplements and dosage forms were tested using the validated method. The calibration model was found to be linear in the concentration range of 5.125-205 μg/mL. The average vasicine content at different concentration levels was 0.99 g/100 g with an RSD% of 0.05%. The average recovery was found to be 102.3% with an RSD of 4.3%. Additionally, it was confirmed that the validated method was still precise and accurate for quantifying vasicine in other matrices like the tested preparations. In summary, the validated method was suitable for the determination of vasicine in leaves of <i>Adhatoda vasica</i>, as well as for investigating the quality and the prescribed intake of several commercial products.
A theory on the role of π-electrons of docosahexaenoic acid in brain function (2018)

Background : Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) has been the dominant acyl component of the membrane phosphoglycerides in neural signaling systems since the origin of the eukaryotes. In this paper, we propose, this extreme conservation, is explained by its special electrical properties. Based on the Pauli Exclusion Principle we offer an explanation on how its six methylene interrupted double-bonds provide a special arrangement of π-electrons that offer an absolute control for the precision of the energy of the signal. Precision is not explained by standard concepts of ion movement or synaptic strengthening by enhanced protein synthesis. Yet precision is essential to visual acuity, truthful recall and the exercise of a dedicated neural pathway. Concept : Synaptic membranes have been shown to actively incorporate DHA with a high degree of selectivity. During a learning process, this biomagnification will increase the proportion of membrane DHA with two consequential neuronal and synaptic enhancements which build into a David Marr type model of the real world: DHA induced gene expression resulting in enhanced protein synthesis; increased density of π-electrons which could provide memory blocks and provide for the preferential flow of a current in neural pathways. Proposal : Both the above imply memory from synaptic strengthening. We propose memory is achieved by the activation of neuronal synaptic activation with synaptic turnover resulting in enhanced membrane DHA, which in turn induces gene expression, protein synthesis and π-electron density. Repetition amplifies the process activating synapses, which form a matrix representing the memory. The electro-chemical potentials then fire the electrons as electromagnetic waves via the six methylene interrupted double bonds. These allow transmission at a specific energy level based on their quantum mechanical properties providing the precision required for faithful recall. It is difficult to conceive of protein synthesis alone providing for precision. Using the principle of the dual properties of photons and electrons we develop the idea of complex wave patterns representing the visual or auditory fields. These are likely to be non-computable. We suggest that harmonization of the electromagnetic waves can result in cohesion explaining recall and associations. The cohesion of electromagnetic flow leads to a surge above the resting level, which is recognized by the brain as, demonstrated in artificial, electrical stimulus during neurosurgery.
Histamine Release during Morphine and Fentanyl Anesthesia (1982)

High doses of morphine produced peripheral vasodilation and frequently significant hypotension. These effects are thought to be due, in part, to the release of histamine. One putative advantage of high-dose fentanyl anesthesia is its relatively small effect on peripheral vascular resistance. In a randomized study, the authors examined the possibility that the hemodynamic differences between morphine and fentanyl might be attributable to histamine release. Fifteen patients were studied prior to coronary artery bypass surgery. Subjects received in infusion of morphine (1 mg . kg-1, iv at 100 micrograms . kg-1 . min-1 [n = 8]) or fentanyl (50 micrograms . kg-1 at 5 micrograms . kg-1 . min-1 [n = 7]). Patients in the morphine group had an average 750 per cent peak increase in plasma histamine accompanied by a significant decrease in mean arterial pressure (-27 mmHg- and systemic vascular resistance (-520 dyne . s . cm-5). The greatest decrease in systemic vascular resistance occurred in those patients with the highest levels of plasma histamine (r = -0.81). Patients in the fentanyl group had no change in plasma histamine and no decrease in arterial pressure or systemic vascular resistance. Cardiac output and heart rate were comparable between the two groups. Differences in the release of histamine account for most, if not all, of the different effects of morphine and fentanyl on the peripheral vasculature.
Quantum Spatial Superresolution by Optical Centroid Measurements (2011)

Quantum lithography (QL) has been suggested as a means of achieving enhanced spatial resolution for optical imaging, but its realization has been held back by the low multiphoton detection rates of recording materials. Recently, an optical centroid measurement (OCM) procedure was proposed as a way to obtain spatial resolution enhancement identical to that of QL but with higher detection efficiency (M. Tsang, Phys. Rev. Lett. 102, 253601 (2009)). Here we describe a variation of the OCM method with still higher detection efficiency based on the use of photon-number-resolving detection. We also report laboratory results for two-photon interference. We compare these results with those of the standard QL method based on multiphoton detection and show that the new method leads to superresolution but with higher detection efficiency.
Neuromonitoring in Neuromuscular Scoliosis (2016)

Neuromuscular disease was first described in 1836 by Conte and is accompanied by spine deformity in 60% to 75% of quadriplegic cerebral palsy children, 90% of spina bifida children (above the sacral level), and nearly 100% of Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) children, who have not been treated with long term deflazacort glucocorticoid. Neuromuscular scoliosis (NMS) presents earlier than idiopathic scoliosis (IS), and is progressive because of the abnormal biomechanical loading of the spine due to muscular imbalance and asymmetrical, Heuter-Volkmann induced growth of immature spinal vertebrae. Anticipation is regarded by DiMeglio as a very successful method of managing NMS scoliosis, and while orthoses may be used indefinitely to treat children with mild cerebral palsy or alternatively to maximize the nonoperative management of sitting ability and postural care in children with severe scoliosis, bracing does not alter progressive neuromuscular deformities that are ≥ 20°. Iatrogenic spinal cord injury remains one of the most devastating complications of neuromuscular spine deformity surgery. The incidence of neurological complications in NMS scoliosis, varies from 0.5% to 4.6%, and is higher than that in IS (0.5% to 0.72%). Higher intraoperative blood loss that compromises spinal cord vascularity, in combination with distraction techniques, that are occasionally adopted to address the severest and stiffest n neuromuscular deformities, may account for this discrepancy.
TK-PUL, a pullulan hydrolase type III from Thermococcus kodakarensis, a potential candidate for simultaneous liquefaction and saccharification of starch (2020)

Abstract TK-PUL, a novel thermo-acidophilic pullulanase from Thermococcus kodakarensis and a unique member of glycoside hydrolase family GH13 was successfully produced in Escherichia coli grown by fed batch culture in a fermenter and partially purified by simple heat treatment. Specific activity of partially purified TK-PUL was 28 U/mg. Corn starch was successfully liquefied and saccharified using this single enzyme at pH 4.2. Simultaneous liquefaction and saccharification of corn starch by TK-PUL was comparable to Termamyl, a commercially available starch-hydrolyzing industrial enzyme. Both enzymes efficiently hydrolysed corn starch into sugar syrups having major proportions of maltose. TK-PUL performs efficiently at the natural pH of starch (~4.5) in the absence of any metal ions, hence is a potential candidate for starch industry.
Current use of myocardial protection during coronary artery bypass surgery: results of a survey. (1983)

The literature suggests that certain methods of myocardial protection employed during coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery may significantly affect postoperative recovery. A retrospective study comparing the use of different cardioplegia solutions during CABG surgery at our institution failed to show significant differences in perioperative ischemic events or in patient survival. A subsequent survey was conducted among 140 surgeons worldwide to determine the influence of myocardial protection on perioperative ischemic events and patient survival.
[A case of the limited from of Wegener's granulomatosis without c-ANCA]. (2003)

A 46-year-old woman was admitted to our hospital because of fever, cough and headache in December 2001. Although she had been treated for nasal obstruction and epistaxis by an otorhinolaryngologist in our hospital since 1996, no accurate diagnosis had been made despite repeated biopsies of the nasal mucosa. A chest CT taken in 1999 showed ground-glass opacities in both upper lobes. On admission, chest radiography and CT showed mass shadows without cavitation, corresponding to the lesions causing the ground-glass opacities. In addition, paranasal sinus MRI showed a deformity of the nasal septum accompanied by a space-occupying lesion, suggesting Wegener's granulomatosis. However, the cytoplasmic-antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (c-ANCA) test was negative. To achieve a definitive diagnosis, we performed an open lung biopsy. The specimen, obtained from the right upper lobe, showed the typical findings of a Wegener's granulomatosis including necrotizing vasculitis. Oral prednisolone treatment initiated at 20 mg daily, combined with oral cyclophosphamide at 50 mg daily markedly improved not only the clinical symptoms, but also the mass shadows in the left upper lobe. Patients with the limited form of Wegener's granulomatosis are occasionally seronegative and respond well to therapy. However, the natural course and the changes in chest radiographs are not understood well in such cases. In this paper, we report a case of the limited form of Wegener's granulomatosis that progressed slowly over a period of 6 years.
Secure Transmission with Artificial Noise over Fading Channels: Achievable Rate and Optimal Power Allocation (2010)

We consider the problem of secure communication with multi-antenna transmission in fading channels. The transmitter simultaneously transmits an information bearing signal to the intended receiver and artificial noise to the eavesdroppers. We obtain an analytical closed-form expression of an achievable secrecy rate, and use it as the objective function to optimize the transmit power allocation between the information signal and the artificial noise. Our analytical and numerical results show that equal power allocation is a simple yet near optimal strategy for the case of non-colluding eavesdroppers. When the number of colluding eavesdroppers increases, more power should be used to generate the artificial noise. We also provide an upper bound on the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) above which the achievable secrecy rate is positive and show that the bound is tight at low SNR. Furthermore, we consider the impact of imperfect channel state information (CSI) at both the transmitter and the receiver and find that it is wise to create more artificial noise to confuse the eavesdroppers than to increase the signal strength for the intended receiver if the CSI is not accurately obtained.
Optimisation of a Mashing Program for 100% Malted Buckwheat (2006)

The objective of this study was to develop a temperature programmed mashing profile for 100% buckwheat malt. Both standard brewing methods and a rheological tool (Rapid Visco Analyser) were used to characterise worts and mashes. An optimal grist: liquor ratio of 1:4 was observed. At this ratio, buckwheat malt showed a gelatinisation temperature of 67°C and barley malt 62°C. A one hour stand at 65°C exhibited higher FAN levels, fermentable extracts and lower viscosity values than stands at 67°C or 69°C, and was therefore used in further mashing trials. An extra mashing step of 30 min, at any of the tested temperatures, increased extract values a minimum of 4%, decreased viscosities a minimum of 0.20 mPas, and increased fermentable extracts 12%. Best results were obtained when a mashing-in temperature was used in the range of 35°C to 45°C. These mashing-in temperatures were used to design an optimal mashing procedure: 15 min at 35°C; 15 min at 45°C; 40 min at 65°C; 30 min at 72°C; 10 min at 78°C. This program showed higher extract values and fermentable extract values (72.7% and 49.9%) than obtained by congress mashing (65.3% and 40.0%), thus successfully optimising the mashing program.
A genome-wide study of common SNPs and CNVs in cognitive performance in the CANTAB (2009)

Psychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia are commonly accompanied by cognitive impairments that are treatment resistant and crucial to functional outcome. There has been great interest in studying cognitive measures as endophenotypes for psychiatric disorders, with the hope that their genetic basis will be clearer. To investigate this, we performed a genome-wide association study involving 11 cognitive phenotypes from the Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery. We showed these measures to be heritable by comparing the correlation in 100 monozygotic and 100 dizygotic twin pairs. The full battery was tested in approximately 750 subjects, and for spatial and verbal recognition memory, we investigated a further 500 individuals to search for smaller genetic effects. We were unable to find any genome-wide significant associations with either SNPs or common copy number variants. Nor could we formally replicate any polymorphism that has been previously associated with cognition, although we found a weak signal of lower than expected P-values for variants in a set of 10 candidate genes. We additionally investigated SNPs in genomic loci that have been shown to harbor rare variants that associate with neuropsychiatric disorders, to see if they showed any suggestion of association when considered as a separate set. Only NRXN1 showed evidence of significant association with cognition. These results suggest that common genetic variation does not strongly influence cognition in healthy subjects and that cognitive measures do not represent a more tractable genetic trait than clinical endpoints such as schizophrenia. We discuss a possible role for rare variation in cognitive genomics.
A comparative study of ricin and diphtheria toxin-antibody-conjugate kinetics on protein synthesis inactivation. (1984)

Kinetic data on toxin and antibody-toxin-conjugate inactivation of protein synthesis have been used to assess the variables which affect the transport of these toxins into the cytosol compartment. First-order inactivation rate constants of protein synthesis (ki) are compared under conditions of known receptor occupancy. The effect of inclusion of toxin B chains, both homologous and heterologous, in antibody-toxin conjugates is observed, and factors which affect toxin lag periods are studied. The results show that the inclusion of B chains in conjugates increases ki values 3-10-fold, but only if the B chain is homologous with the A chain. In spite of the augmentation of antibody-toxin-conjugate ki values by homologous toxin B chain, these ki values are only 1/20 those observed with unmodified toxins on sensitive cells. A further difference noted between toxins and antibody-toxin conjugates is the presence of a dose-dependent lag when toxins, but not antibody-toxin conjugates, effect sensitive cell types. This lag period for ricin can be shortened by alkalinizing the cell medium. The kinetic data can be fit by assuming a processing step interposed between the binding of ricin to surface receptors and the interaction of the A chain with ribosomes which is first-order in toxin concentration and pH-dependent. The time constant of this event is reflected in the dose-dependent lag period. It is proposed that antibody-toxin conjugates do not participate in this processing event and therefore fail to achieve the high entry levels exhibited by unmodified toxins.
Hysteresis Loss in NdFeB Permanent Magnets in a Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machine (2021)

Most permanent magnet (PM) loss studies consider only eddy current loss and neglect hysteresis. In this article, the hysteresis behavior of two NdFeB PM grades with different magnetic properties is assessed when applied in a PMSM. Data from vibrating sample magnetometer measurements and hysteresis modeling are used as a base. In addition to the main magnetic phase, the samples contained magnetic phases with reduced coercivity. Such phases may contribute to hysteresis losses in a PM material. A new model is introduced to simulate the hysteresis of rare-earth magnets of any geometric shape in the second and first quadrants of the intrinsic <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">BH</i> -plane. The magnetic field strength distribution in the PM material of an electrical motor is analyzed by two-dimensional finite-element method. The results are used as the input data for an analytical hysteresis model. The results indicate that the hysteresis loss resulting from the structural imperfections and geometry of the magnet may introduce a considerable loss in NdFeB PMs applied in rotating electrical machines.
Civil Procedure in the USA and Civil Law Countries (2002)

Law without enforcement is naked law. The real value of substantive law depends crucially on the system by which it is implemented. Each country has developed its own body of civil procedure, but there are nevertheless many common properties which permit the analysis of civil procedure systems in general terms. It is useful to distinguish between the different procedural systems of countries with civil law traditions, such as most European states, and the Anglo-Saxon system, as in most of the US states. This essay discusses the fundamental properties of both systems and compares the different procedural roles of the main players, their incentives and their influence on the law.
Low‐profile wideband dual‐circularly polarized orbital angular momentum antenna array using metasurface (2020)

Abstract A novel wideband dual‐circularly polarized orbital angular momentum (OAM) antenna array using metasurface is proposed. The proposed antenna array composed of four antenna elements generates OAM beams in a simple configuration. Each antenna element is placed perpendicularly to the adjacent one, and fed by an in‐phase excitation with equal amplitude. Each antenna element is based on corner‐truncated polarization‐rotation metasurface (PRMS) cells and excited by a dual‐feeding structure through a cross‐like slot, which can realize wideband dual circular polarization (RHCP, LHCP). The proposed antenna array produces dual‐mode OAM mode waves (l = ±1) and exhibits good dual‐circularly polarized performances in a low profile of 0.068 λ 0 . The measured results show wide impedance bandwidths of 30% for LHCP and 26.6% for RGCP. Also, the large axial ratio bandwidths ARBWs of the OAM antenna array are 20% for LHCP and 14% for RHCP.
Modulation of K+channels by arachidonic acid in T84 cells. I. Inhibition of the Ca2+-dependent K+channel (1998)

The Cl − secretory response of colonic cells to Ca 2+ -mediated agonists is transient despite a sustained elevation of intracellular Ca 2+ . We evaluated the effects of second messengers proposed to limit Ca 2+ -mediated Cl − secretion on the basolateral membrane, Ca 2+ -dependent K + channel (K Ca ) in colonic secretory cells, T84. Neither protein kinase C (PKC) nor inositol tetrakisphosphate (1,3,4,5 or 3,4,5,6 form) affected K Ca in excised inside-out patches. In contrast, arachidonic acid (AA; 3 μM) potently inhibited K Ca , reducing NP o , the product of number of channels and channel open probability, by 95%. The apparent inhibition constant for this AA effect was 425 nM. AA inhibited K Ca in the presence of both indomethacin and nordihydroguaiaretic acid, blockers of the cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase pathways. In the presence of albumin, the effect of AA on K Ca was reversed. A similar effect of AA was observed on K Ca during outside-out recording. We determined also the effect of the cis-unsaturated fatty acid linoleate, the trans-unsaturated fatty acid elaidate, and the saturated fatty acid myristate. At 3 μM, all of these fatty acids inhibited K Ca , reducing NP o by 72–86%. Finally, the effect of the cytosolic phospholipase A 2 inhibitor arachidonyltrifluoromethyl ketone (AACOCF 3 ) on the carbachol-induced short-circuit current ( I sc ) response was determined. In the presence of AACOCF 3 , the peak carbachol-induced I sc response was increased ∼2.5-fold. Our results suggest that AA generation induced by Ca 2+ -mediated agonists may contribute to the dissociation observed between the rise in intracellular Ca 2+ evoked by these agonists and the associated Cl − secretory response.
[The change in the plasma contents of adrenomedullin and endothelin in burn patients during early postburn stage]. (2001)

There were evident postburn changes in plasma ADM and ET contents, and the results implied that ADM and ET played some roles in the development of postburn physiological disturbance.
Tracking Camera Calibration In Multi-Camera Sequences Through Automatic Feature Detection And Matching (1998)

Publication in the conference proceedings of EUSIPCO, Rhodes, Greece, 1998
Increase in confidence? (1991)

As less than 5 per cent of the total membership of the RCN bothered to express an opinion on the rise in the cost of their annual subscription, Council must surely be wondering whether the proposed increase was large enough.
Supplementary Methods, Figures 1 - 18 from Mechanochemical Disruption Suppresses Metastatic Phenotype and Pushes Prostate Cancer Cells toward Apoptosis (2023)

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