gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Serum cathepsin H as a potential prognostic marker in patients with colorectal cancer (2004)

Cathepsin H is a lysosomal cysteine protease that may participate in tumor progression. In order to evaluate its potential as a prognostic marker, its protein levels were measured by ELISA in preoperative sera from 324 patients with colorectal cancer. The level of cathepsin H was significantly increased in patient sera, the median level was 8.4 ng/mL versus 2.1 ng/mL in 90 healthy blood donors (p < 0.0001). A weak association of cathepsin H levels was found with patient age (p = 0.02) but not with Dukes' stage, sex, or the level of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA). In survival analysis a significant difference was found between the group of patients with low cathepsin H (first tertile) who had a poor prognosis and the remaining patients (p = 0.03). The risk of patients was further stratified when cathepsin H levels were combined with CEA. Patients with high CEA and low cathepsin H had the highest risk of death with a hazard ratio of 2.72 (95% CI 1.73-4.28), p < 0.0001. Our results show that the prognostic information of cathepsin H differs from that of the related cathepsins B and L and suggest different roles during the progression of malignant disease.
Epigenetics in Food Allergy and Immunomodulation (2021)

Food allergy (FA) is an increasing problem worldwide and, over recent years, its prevalence is rising in developed countries. Nowadays, the immunological and cellular processes that occur in the allergic reactions are not fully understood, which hampers the development of in vitro diagnostic tools and further treatment options. Moreover, allergic diseases could be reinforced by environmental exposure and genetic modifications. Gene expression can be controlled by different epigenetic mechanisms like DNA methylation, histone modifications, and microRNAs. In addition, several environmental factors such as dietary components (vitamin D, butyrate, folic acid) are able to regulate this epigenetic mechanism. All these factors produce modifications in immune genes that could alter the development and function of immune cells, and therefore the etiology of the disease. Furthermore, these epigenetic mechanisms have also an influence on immunomodulation, which could explain sustained responsiveness or unresponsiveness during immunotherapy due to epigenetic modifications in key genes that induce tolerance in several FA. Thus, in this review we focus on the different epigenetic mechanisms that occur in FA and on the influence of several dietary components in these gene modifications.
Quantifying the destructive power of hurricanes with naturally occurring undersea sound (2007)

A passive ocean-acoustic method for quantifying the destructive power of a hurricane with accuracy similar to that of in situ aircraft measurements is presented. The method has been demonstrated by comparing underwater acoustic data with aircraft wind speed data. Both the acoustic and wind speed data were obtained in 1999, when hurricane Gert passed over an autonomous underwater hydrophone in the North Atlantic. The implications of this relatively safe and inexpensive ocean acoustic method for hurricane classification and disaster planning are discussed. A new experimental initiative between Mexico and the United States on ocean acoustic hurricane quantification will be described. [This work is supported by the Office of Naval Research and Seagrant.]
CCTG BR.34: A randomized trial of durvalumab and tremelimumab +/- platinum-based chemotherapy in patients with metastatic (Stage IV) squamous or nonsquamous non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). (2020)

9502 Background: First-line therapy for advanced NSCLC includes PD-1 checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) monotherapy, and in combination with chemotherapy. Combination ICI have also demonstrated better survival compared to chemotherapy (CM-227). In CCTG BR.34, we compared overall survival (OS) in patients with advanced NSCLC receiving first-line durvalumab plus tremelimumab (DT) with or without platinum doublet chemotherapy (CT). Methods: This international, open-label, randomized trial accrued 301 participants from Canada and Australia, with stage IV NSCLC, EGFR/ALK wildtype, ECOG PS 0/1. Patients were randomized to DT for 4 cycles or DT+CT (pemetrexed- or gemcitabine-platinum), with ongoing D or D + pemetrexed (non-squamous) maintenance until disease progression. Stratification factors included histology, stage IVA v. IVB and smoking status. The primary endpoint was OS; secondary endpoints included progression-free survival (PFS), objective response rate (ORR = CR + PR) and adverse events (AEs). Results: At a median follow up of 16.6 months, no significant difference in OS was seen between the two treatment arms, with a median OS of 16.6 months with DT+CT v. 14.1 months with DT, (estimated HR 0.88, 90% CI 0.67-1.16). PFS was significantly improved in the DT+CT arm (stratified HR 0.67, 95% CI 0.52-0.88; medians 7.7 v. 3.2 months). ORR was higher in the DT+CT arm, 28% v. 14%, (odds ratio 2.1, p=0.001). Preplanned subgroup analysis demonstrated no significant differences in treatment outcomes by plasma TMB (&lt;20 v. ≥20 mut/Mb, Guardant OMNI), age, sex, or smoking status. There was a trend to improved OS with DT+CT in the subgroup with PD-L1 TPS≥50%, (HR 0.64, 95% CI 0.40-1.04, p=0.07). Plasma TMB&lt;20 mut/Mb was associated with shorter survival in both treatment groups (HR 1.99, 95% 1.3-3.1). Toxicity was greater in the DT+CT arm, with grade≥3 adverse events in 82% v. 70%, (p=0.02), most commonly dyspnea, nausea and cough. The incidence of immune-related adverse events was similar between arms (colitis 11%, pneumonitis 6%, endocrinopathy 21%). Grade 5 events occurred in 2.7%, (5 with DT+CT, 3 with DT). Conclusions: The addition of CT to first-line DT did not improve OS in advanced NSCLC. CT+DT improved ORR and PFS, and was associated with greater toxicity. No differential effects were seen by PD-L1 TPS nor bTMB. These data suggest that adding chemotherapy to ICI may be beneficial in those with PD-L1 TPS &gt;=50%, and warrant further analysis in independent datasets. Clinical trial information: NCT03057106 .
Novel Palladium(II) Complex Containing a Chelating Anionic N−O Ligand:  Efficient Carbonylation Catalyst (1999)

[reaction: see text] A novel palladium(II) complex containing chelating anionic pyridine-2-carboxylato and labile tosylato ligands is a highly efficient catalyst for the carbonylation of organic alcohols and olefins to carboxylic acids/esters. Carbonylation of primary, secondary, and tertiary alcohols as well as linear and functionalized terminal olefins was studied. In all cases remarkable activity and selectivity were observed. The catalyst is stable under reaction conditions even in the absence of excess phosphine ligands.
LTE and IEEE 802.11p for vehicular networking: a performance evaluation (2014)

Various wireless communication systems exist, which enable a wide range of applications and use cases in the vehicular environment. These applications can be grouped into three types, namely, road safety, traffic efficiency, and infotainment, each with its own set of functional and performance requirements. In pursuance of assisting drivers to travel safely and comfortably, several of these requirements have to be met simultaneously. While the coexistence of multiple radio access technologies brings immense opportunities towards meeting most of the vehicular networking application requirements, it is equally important and challenging to identify the strength and weaknesses of each technology and understand which technology is more suitable for the given networking scenario. In this paper, we evaluate two of the most viable communication standards, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.11p and long-term evolution (LTE) by 3rd Generation Partnership Project for vehicular networking. A detailed performance evaluation study of the standards is given for a variety of parameter settings such as beacon transmission frequency, vehicle density, and vehicle average speed. Both standards are compared in terms of delay, reliability, scalability, and mobility support in the context of various application requirements. Furthermore, through extensive simulation-based study, we validated the effectiveness of both standards to handle different application requirements and share insight for further research directions. The results indicate that IEEE 802.11p offers acceptable performance for sparse network topologies with limited mobility support. On the other hand, LTE meets most of the application requirements in terms of reliability, scalability, and mobility support; however, it is challenging to obtain stringent delay requirements in the presence of higher cellular network traffic load.
Carboxyhemoglobin Concentration as an Index of Bilirubin Production in Neonates with Birth Weights Less Than 1,500 Grams (1987)

A randomized double-blind study of the efficacy of oral vitamin E supplementation as a prophylactic treatment for hyperbilirubinemia was undertaken in preterm infants weighing less than 1,500 g. Hemoglobin (Hb) levels, blood carboxyhemoglobin saturation (HbCOc), end-tidal carbon monoxide concentration (ETCO), and serum total bilirubin levels were determined in each subject on the first and third days of the study. We found no differences between the vitamin E-treated and placebo-treated groups with respect to Hb, HbCOc, ETCO, or serum bilirubin levels on day 1 or 3. In addition, we reanalyzed our data to compare those infants who had low vitamin E levels at birth with those who had vitamin E levels greater than 0.4 mg/dl on day 1. We still observed no differences in Hb, HbCOc, ETCO, or serum bilirubin levels on day 1 or 3. The results of our study suggest that supplemental oral vitamin E therapy has no major effect on bilirubin production during the first 3 days of life in premature infants weighing less than 1,500 g at birth.
Effect of MR Field Strength on the Texture Features of Cerebral T2-FLAIR Images: A Pilot Study (2020)

Objective To investigate effect of MR field strength on texture features of cerebral T2 fluid attenuated inversion recovery (T2-FLAIR) images. Methods We acquired cerebral 3D T2-FLAIR images of thirty patients who were diagnosed with ischemic white matter lesion (WML) with MR-1.5T and MR-3.0T scanners. Histogram texture features which included mean signal intensity (Mean), Skewness and Kurtosis, and gray level co-occurrence matrix (GLCM) texture features which included angular second moment (ASM), Contrast, Correlation, Inverse difference moment (IDM) and Entropy, of regions of interest located in the area of WML and normal white matter (NWM) were measured by ImageJ software. The texture parameters acquired with MR-1.5T scanning were compared with MR-3.0T scanning. Results The Mean of both WML and NWM obtained with MR-1.5T scanning was significantly lower than that acquired with MR-3.0T (<i>P</i><0.001), while Skewness and Kurtosis between MR-1.5T and MR-3.0T scanning showed no significant difference (<i>P</i>>0.05). ASM, Correlation and IDM of both WML and NWM acquired with MR-1.5T revealed significantly lower values than those with MR-3.0T (<i>P</i><0.001), while Contrast and Entropy acquired with MR-1.5T showed significantly higher values than those with MR-3.0T (<i>P</i><0.001). Conclusion MR field strength showed no significant effect on histogram textures, while had significant effect on GLCM texture features of cerebral T2-FLAIR images, which indicated that it should be cautious to explain the texture results acquired based on the different MR field strength.
A new sequential detector for short-duration signals (2002)

For quickest detection of a permanent change in distribution of otherwise i.i.d. observations Page's test provides the optimal processor. Page's test has also been applied to the detection of transient (i.e. temporary) changes in distribution: it is easy to implement and has reliable performance, but as applied to the transient problem its optimality is questionable. In this paper we offer an alternative to the Page procedure which we call the iterated generalized sequential probability ratio test, or IGSPRT. While Page's test is itself an IGSPRT, its form and performance are constrained by its reliance on constant thresholds and biases. We demonstrate that with these time-varying, markedly increased detection probabilities are possible. The IGSPRT is easiest to understand and motivate in the Gaussian shift-in-mean problem, and we discuss this in detail, but since that problem is of limited practical interest, we also examine the effect of the IGSPRT in a more realistic situation.
Determination of catecholamines in human urine by ion-exchange chromatography on weakly acidic ion exchanger with hydrophilic matrix. (1986)

Determination of catecholamines in human urine was tried by ion-exchange chromatography on a weakly acidic ion exchanger with hydrophilic matrix (Asahipak ES-502 C, 0.76 mm i. d. × 10 cm) using Buffer A (pH 6.7, sodium succinate-borate-e thylenediaminetetraacetate 0.05mol⋅dm-3- 0.015mol⋅dm-3- 0.5 mol⋅dm-3) or Buffer B (pH 6.7, sodium succinate-ethylenediaminetetraacetate 0.04 mol⋅dm-3- 0.5 mol⋅dm-3) as the mobile phase at 55°C, or 30°C (Buffer A) or 70°C (Buffer B). Elution with Buffer A at 30°C gave the best separation and diluted urine samples could be analyzed without prepurification. The results agreed well with those obtained by the method using internal standard.
Implementation issues in the development of a real-time, Windows-based system to study spatial hearing (1999)

As a tool to study spatial hearing, a customizable real-time 3-D-audio and virtual acoustic environment rendering system, Sound Laboratory (SLab), was developed. Design goals for this system included flexibility, extensibility, maintainability, and a fast development cycle per experiment. SLab is a Windows application composed of five distinct software layers: Application programming interface (API), 3D projection, signal flow translation, signal routing and processing, and digital signal processing library. The acoustic scene, including listener, source, and environment characteristics, is specified in the API layer and translated in the 3-D projection layer to geometric quantities, such as range and arrival angle, for each path rendered between the source and listener. The geometry and head-related transfer function coefficients are rendered using a set of parallel finite impulse response filters and delay lines built on Intel’s Signal Processing Library. This rendering architecture provides the flexibility and the extensibility required for psychoacoustic experimentation, while the modular nature of the programming interface ensures maintainability and quick development of new experiments. The psychoacoustic parameters to be manipulated, the signal flow diagram, and the five software layers are discussed in detail, and various implementation issues are examined.
Super-enhancers in transcriptional regulation and genome organization (2019)

Gene expression is precisely controlled in a stage and cell-type-specific manner, largely through the interaction between cis-regulatory elements and their associated trans-acting factors. Where these components aggregate in promoters and enhancers, they are able to cooperate to modulate chromatin structure and support the engagement in long-range 3D superstructures that shape the dynamics of a cell's genomic architecture. Recently, the term 'super-enhancer' has been introduced to describe a hyper-active regulatory domain comprising a complex array of sequence elements that work together to control the key gene networks involved in cell identity. Here, we survey the unique characteristics of super-enhancers compared to other enhancer types and summarize the recent advances in our understanding of their biological role in gene regulation. In particular, we discuss their capacity to attract the formation of phase-separated condensates, and capacity to generate three-dimensional genome structures that precisely activate their target genes. We also propose a multi-stage transition model to explain the evolutionary pressure driving the development of super-enhancers in complex organisms, and highlight the potential for involvement in tumorigenesis. Finally, we discuss more broadly the role of super-enhancers in human health disorders and related potential in therapeutic interventions.
The effect of proton radiation on the EMCCD for a low Earth orbit satellite mission (2016)

We report on the proton radiation effects on a 1k x 1k e2v EMCCD utilized in the Nüvü EM N2 1024 camera. Radiation testing was performed at the TRIUMF Proton Irradiation Facility in Canada, where the e2v CCD201-20 EMCCD received a 105 MeV proton fluence up to 5.2x10<sup>9</sup> protons/cm<sup>2</sup>, emulating a 1 year’s radiation dose of solar protons in low earth orbit with nominal shielding that would be expected from a small or microsatellite. The primary space-based application is for Space Situational Awareness (SSA), where a small telescope images faint orbiting Resident Space Objects (RSOs) on the EMCCD, resulting in faint streaks at the photon level of signal in the images. Of particular concern is the effect of proton radiation on low level CTE, where very low level signals could be severely impaired if not lost. Although other groups have reported on the characteristics of irradiated EMCCDs, their CTE results are not portable to this application. To understand the real impact of proton irradiation the device must be tested under realistic operating conditions with representative backgrounds, clock periods, and signal levels. Testing was performed both in the laboratory and under a night sky on the ground in order to emulate a complex star background environment containing RSOs. The degradation is presented and mitigation techniques are proposed. As compared to conventional CCDs, the EMCCD with high gain allows faint and moving RSOs to be detected with a relatively small telescope aperture, at improved signal to noise ratio at high frame rates. This allows the satellite platform to take sharp images immediately upon slewing to the target without the need for complex and relatively slow attitude stabilization systems.
A Generalized Klosterboer-Rutledge Model for Photothermographic Silver-Carboxylate Media (1999)

Klosterboer and Rutledge developed a mathematical model for photothermographic systems consisting of silver halide grains, silver carboxylates, development chemistry and binder. The Klosterboer-Rutledge (K-R) model incorporates several simplifying assumptions, the most limiting of which is the assumption that the spheres of influence do not overlap. This assumption effectively restricts the validity of the model to low grain-number densities. The model has now been modified to remove this restriction resulting in a more general model that resolves the discrepancy between the Klosterboer-Rutledge model and the observed dependence of DMAX, contrast and speed on grain-number density. The Klosterboer-Rutledge model also treats the spheres of influence as spheres with perfectly sharp boundaries. The generalized model was derived with an arbitrarily shaped region of influence thereby extending the validity to more realistic model films. In addition, other simplifying assumptions were addressed to complete the generalization of the K-R model.
Studies on Anti-MRSA Parenteral Cephalosporins. III. Synthesis and Antibacterial Activity of 7.BETA.-[2-(5-Amino-1,2,4-thiadiazol-3-yl)-2(Z)-alkoxyiminoacetamido]-3-[(E)-2-(1-alkylimidazo[1,2-b]pyridazinium-6-yl)thiovinyl]-3-cephem-4-carboxylates and Related Compounds. (2001)

In the course of our exploration for a novel cephalosporin derivative having excellent antibacterial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), we modified the C-3 linked spacers of cephem derivatives bearing a 1-methylimidazo[1,2-b]pyridazinium-6-yl group at the C-3' position and 2-(5-amino-1,2,4-thiadiazol-3-yl)-2(Z)-cyclopentyloxy-iminoacetyl group at the C-7 position. The optimal spacers were the (E)-2-vinyl and (E)-2-thiovinyl groups seen in 19a and 29aa, respectively. Their anti-MRSA activity was 16 to 32 times as potent as that of cefozopran (CZOP). Focusing on the (E)-2-vinyl and (E)-2-thiovinyl spacers, we further modified the alkoxyimino groups in the C-7 acyl moiety and the 1-alkylimidazo[1,2-b]pyridazinium moieties at the C-3' position and investigated the structure-activity relationships (SAR) of the derivatives. Consequently, we selected 7beta-[2-(5-amino-1,2,4-thiadiazol-3-yl)-2(Z)-fluoromethoxyiminoacetamido]-3-[(E)-2-(1-methylimidazo[1,2-b]pyridazinium-6-yl)thiovinyl]-3-cephem-4-carboxylate (29ca) as a new anti-MRSA parenteral cephalosporin candidate for further biological evaluation. The selected 29ca showed anti-MRSA activity comparable to that of vancomycin (VCM) both in vitro and in vivo, high affinity (IC50)=2.7 microg/ml) for penicillin binding protein 2' (PBP2') of MRSA and potent activity against Gram-negative bacteria as well.
Enhanced Turbo Codes for NR: Implementation Details: R1-167413 (2016)

The first part of this document (sections 2 to 5) describes the implementation of the enhanced Turbo Coding scheme proposed in R1-164635 at RAN1#85 meeting. The second part of the document (sections 6 and 7) provides the puncturing patterns and the interleaving parameters used to obtain the error rate performance curves presented in R1-164635 (section 6) and in R1-167414 (section 7).
Action learning: bridging academic and workplace domains (1996)

Addresses the need to interrelate academic and workplace domains from the perspective of management development. To address either domain in relative exclusion from the other risks creating a workplace context where learners are able to grasp real‐world problems but lack the underlying academic knowledge to solve them. Outlines how action learning can be used to bridge the two domains and provides actual examples from the USA, Australia and the UK. Provides an overview of action learning as a methodology.
Pruriception and neuronal coding in nociceptor subtypes in human and nonhuman primates (2020)

Abstract In human, intradermal administration of β-alanine (ALA) and bovine adrenal medulla peptide 8-22 (BAM8-22) evokes the sensation of itch. Currently, it is unknown which human dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons express the receptors of these pruritogens, MRGPRD and MRGPRX1 respectively, and which cutaneous afferents these pruritogens activate in primate. In situ hybridization studies revealed that MRGPRD and MRGPRX1 are co-expressed in a subpopulation of TRPV1+ human DRG neurons. In electrophysiological recordings in nonhuman primates (Macaca nemestrina), subtypes of polymodal C-fiber nociceptors are preferentially activated by ALA and BAM8-22, with significant overlap. When pruritogens ALA, BAM8-22 and histamine, that activate different subclasses of C-fiber afferents, are administered in combination, human volunteers report itch and nociceptive sensations similar to those induced by a single pruritogen. Our results provide evidence for differences in pruriceptive processing between primates and rodents, and do not support the spatial contrast theory of coding of itch and pain.
Realization of Bound state In the Continuum induced by vertical symmetry\n breaking in photonic lattice (2019)

We demonstrate experimentally a new type of Bound state In the Continuum\n(BIC) which is induced by the vertical symmetry breaking of a photonic crystal\nslab. Such BIC emerges from the hybridization between Bloch resonances of\nopposite parities once the vertical symmetry is broken, and is observed in the\nvicinity of the anticrossing point at the lower hybrid band of the\nenergy-momentum diagram. All experimental results are nicely reproduced by\nnumerical simulations, and in good agreement with an analytical model based on\nFriedrich-Wintgen framework. Together with the possibility of dispersion\nengineering by vertical symmetry breaking, our results open the way to tailor\nphotonic states in the entire complex plane to study non-hermitian photonics.\n