gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Heparan sulfate 6-O-endosulfatases, Sulf1 and Sulf2, regulate glomerular integrity by modulating growth factor signaling (2016)

Glomerular integrity and functions are maintained by growth factor signaling. Heparan sulfate, the major component of glomerular extracellular matrixes, modulates growth factor signaling, but its roles in glomerular homeostasis are unknown. We investigated the roles of heparan sulfate 6-O-endosulfatases, sulfatase (Sulf)1 and Sulf2, in glomerular homeostasis. Both Sulf1 and Sulf2 were expressed in the glomeruli of wild-type (WT) mice. Sulf1 and Sulf2 double-knockout (DKO) mice showed glomerular hypercellularity, matrix accumulation, mesangiolysis, and glomerular basement membrane irregularity. Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-B and PDGF receptor-β were upregulated in Sulf1 and Sulf2 DKO mice compared with WT mice. Glomeruli from Sulf1 and Sulf2 DKO mice in vitro stimulated by either PDGF-B, VEGF, or transforming growth factor-β similarly showed reduction of phospho-Akt, phospho-Erk1/2, and phospho-Smad2/3, respectively. Since glomerular lesions in Sulf1 and Sulf2 DKO mice were reminiscent of diabetic nephropathy, we examined the effects of Sulf1 and Sulf2 gene disruption in streptozotocin-induced diabetes. Diabetic WT mice showed an upregulation of glomerular Sulf1 and Sulf2 mRNA by in situ hybridization. Diabetic DKO mice showed significant increases in albuminuria and serum creatinine and an acceleration of glomerular pathology without glomerular hypertrophy; those were associated with a reduction of glomerular phospho-Akt. In conclusion, Sulf1 and Sulf2 play indispensable roles to maintain glomerular integrity and protective roles in diabetic nephropathy, probably by growth factor modulation.
The interface orientation of perylene red and phthalocyanine molecules vapor deposited on aluminum (1982)

Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter Facebook Reddit LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Reprints and Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation Mark K. Debe; The interface orientation of perylene red and phthalocyanine molecules vapor deposited on aluminum. J. Vac. Sci. Technol. 1 May 1982; 21 (1): 74–79. https://doi.org/10.1116/1.571741 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAVS: Science & Technology of Materials Interfaces and ProcessingJournal of Vacuum Science and Technology Search Advanced Search |Citation Search
Codon usage bias in Chlamydia trachomatis and the effect of codon modification in the MOMP gene on immune responses to vaccinationThis paper is one of a selection of papers in this Special Issue, entitled International Symposium on Recent Advances in Molecular, Clinical, and Social Medicine, and has undergone the Journal's usual peer-review process. (2007)

Chlamydia trachomatis is a kind of obligate intracellular bacterial pathogen that causes ocular and sexually transmitted diseases. In this study, we analyzed the codon usage patterns of the C. trachomatis mouse pneumonitis biovar (MoPn) and Homo sapiens. We found large differences between MoPn and human codon usages. To enhance the expression of Chlamydia protein in mammalian cells, the DNA sequence encoding the major outer-membrane protein (MOMP) of MoPn was modified to substitute the human-preferred codons for rarely used codons. The huma-optimized MOMP gene was synthesized and cloned into the pcDNA3 vector, as was the wild-type MOMP gene. The protein expression levels of the human-optimized MOMP and wild-type MOMP genes were compared. The experiments showed that the human-optimized MOMP gene produced significantly higher levels of MOMP protein than the wild-type MOMP, both in vitro and in vivo, but no obvious difference was observed in the levels of modified and native MOMP mRNA expression. The immunogenicity of the 2 constructs was examined using BALB/c mice following intramuscular immunization. The results showed that the mice immunized with the human-optimized MOMP produced higher levels of antigen-specific IgG antibody and showed stronger delayed-type hypersensitivity reactions and proliferative T cell responses than those immunized with the wild-type MOMP. Antigen-specific stimulation of spleen cells obtained from human MOMP DNA immunized mice produced higher levels of interferon-gamma than those obtained from wild-type MOMP DNA immunized mice. Taken together, the data show that human-optimized codon optimization can significantly enhance the gene expression and immunogenicity of the C. trachomatis MOMP DNA vaccine.
Electroless Plated Nanodiamond Coating for Stainless Steel Passivation (2016)

Tritium gas sample bottles and manifold components require passivation surface treatments to minimize the interaction of the hydrogen isotopes with surface contamination on the stainless steel containment materials. This document summarizes the effort to evaluate electroless plated nanodiamond coatings as a passivation layer for stainless steel. In this work, we developed an electroless nanodiamond (ND)-copper (Cu) coating process to deposit ND on stainless steel parts with the diamond loadings of 0%, 25% and 50% v/v in a Cu matrix. The coated Conflat Flanged Vessel Assemblies (CFVAs) were evaluated on surface morphology, composition, ND distribution, residual hydrogen release, and surface reactivity with deuterium. For as-received Cu and ND-Cu coated CFVAs, hydrogen off-gassing is rapid, and the off-gas rates of H2 was one to two orders of magnitude higher than that for both untreated and electropolished stainless steel CFVAs, and hydrogen and deuterium reacted to form HD as well. These results indicated that residual H2 was entrapped in the Cu and ND-Cu coated CFVAs during the coating process, and moisture was adsorbed on the surface, and ND and/or Cu might facilitate catalytic isotope exchange reaction for HD formation. However, hydrocarbons (i.e., CH3) did not form, and did not appear to be an issue for the Cu and ND-Cu coated CFVAs. After vacuum heating, residual H2 and adsorbed H2O in the Cu and ND-Cu coated CFVAs were dramatically reduced. The H2 off-gassing rate after the vacuum treatment of Cu and 50% ND-Cu coated CFVAs was on the level of 10-14 l mbar/s cm2, while H2O off-gas rate was on the level of 10-15 l mbar/s cm2, consistent with the untreated or electropolished stainless steel CFVA, but the HD formation remained. The Restek EP bottle was used as a reference for this work. The Restek Electro-Polished (EP) bottle and their SilTek coated bottles tested under a different research project exhibited very little hydrogen off-gassing and unmeasurable HD formation. ND and Cu were initially chosen to develop improved passivation technology, because Cu has a lower permeability of hydrogen, and diamond is more inert than other materials under a hydrogen atmosphere. However, our tests demonstrated that even after an 8-18 day vacuum extraction heat treatment, the electroless plated Cu and ND-Cu coated stainless steel CFVAs exhibited H2 off-gassing rates that were just comparable to those for the untreated or electropolished stainless steel CFVA, and the HD formation was still observed. Thus, the Restek Electro-Polished (EP) bottle outperformed the electroless plated Cu and ND-Cu coated stainless steel CFVAs, and the electroless plated nanodiamond coating is not promising as a surface passivation technology. However, the ND-Cu coating may be beneficial to another application in which catalyzing the H2-D2 exchange reaction is desired.
Cavity enhanced absorption spectroscopy using a broadband prism cavity and a supercontinuum source (2008)

We report the design and construction of a cavity enhanced absorption spectrometer using broadband Brewster's angle prism retroreflectors and a spatially coherent 500 nm to >1.75 microm supercontinuum excitation source. Using prisms made from fused silica an effective cavity reflectivity of >99.99% at 1.064 microm was achieved. A proof of principle experiment was performed by recording the cavity enhanced absorption spectrum of the weak b-X (1?0) transition of molecular oxygen at 14529 cm-1 and the fifth overtone of the acetylene C-H stretch at 18430 cm(-1). CCD frames were integrated for 150 sec and 30 sec, with 3 frames (each 100 cm(-1) wide) and 1 frame (266 cm(-1) wide) required to observe the O(2) and C(2)H(2) spectra, respectively. A rms noise equivalent absorption (alpha(min)) of 7.21x10(-8) cm(-1) Hz(-1/2) and 1.28x10(-7) cm(-1) Hz(-1/2) with full width half maximum line widths of 0.18 cm(-1) and 0.44 cm(-1) were achieved for the molecular oxygen band and the acetylene overtone, respectively.
Wireless Energy Supply for a MAV Propulsion System (2008)

Wireless energy supply for an MAV propulsion system using microwave was developed. This system consists of three sub system; the transmitter system, the rectenna system, and the tracking system. In the transmitter system five horn antennas were used as the antenna elements for the phased array system and both the beam divergence and steering angle was about 9deg. Eight rectennas were arrayed in parallel to obtain enough power to drive the electric motor on the MAV (the voltage was 250mV and the current was 6.8mA) in rectenna system. In tracking system two units of antenna system with leaf pattern which received the linearly-polarized wave despite the MAV yaw angle were set in each axis (x, y) for tracking an MAV in a 2-Dimentional space. And three output voltages V com V 1 and V 2 were loaded in the PC to detect if the distance between transmitter and receiver was not constant. Finally when the microwave beam was steered by the phased array system the output voltage from rectenna was measured at 62cm while the MAV circled around above the transmitter system.
Investigation into the strain tolerance of BSCCO composite tapes (1994)

Intense research activity carried out worldwide has led to the development of high {Tc} superconducting tapes with electrical performances closer and closer to those required for power cables applications. In this perspective, the mechanical behavior of these tapes, which is known to be intrinsically rather poor, can turn out to be a critical factor. Mono and multifilamentary composite (silver sheathed) BSCCO tapes have been tested using a specially designed apparatus. The dependence of critical current on stress and strain has been investigated for different configurations, and possible models have been considered taking into account the structural parameters as well as the thermal history of the composite tapes. In particular, the effect of the pre-compression which is assumed to be imposed to the superconductor by the silver sheath during cool down has been analyzed. The comparison between experimentally determined maximum tolerable stress and strain of present tapes, and values typically required during cable manufacturing, handling and service conditions, is discussed. Possible ways to improve the strain tolerance of superconducting tapes are analyzed.
Forward-dynamics Simulation of Anterior Cruciate Ligament Forces Developed During Isokinetic Dynamometry (2002)

A mathematical (computer) model was developed and used to study the mechanics of the human knee during extension exercises employing an isokinetic dynamometer. All parts of the body were fixed to ground, except for the right shank and foot, which were free to move in the parasagittal plane. A linkage attached the dynamometer to the shank; tibiofemoral articulation consisted of single-point contact, allowing both sliding and rolling to occur. Physiologically based representations of ligaments and muscles imparted forces to the shank. A forward dynamics simulation was performed to calculate the forces developed in the knee for isokinetic speeds ranging from 0 (isometric exercise) to 300 degrees /s. Simulations were conducted for a constant-speed phase during isokinetic knee extension exercise. It was assumed for the duration of each simulated exercise that the quadriceps were fully activated and the other muscles were fully deactivated. The force in the anterior cruciate ligament was found to be governed by the force-velocity properties of the quadriceps; the model predicts that 300 deg/sec isokinetic exercise can reduce the force transmitted to the ACL by almost a factor of two compared with that present during isometric knee extension.
Statistical error analysis using the UDUT covariance factorization (1977)

A numerically improved covariance error analysis algorithm is derived using the matrix factorization P = UDUT. The algorithm employs computationally sound transformation techniques to ensure increased precision and stability. The advantages of this approach are demonstrated by applying the U-D and conventional evaluation algorithms to a representative orbit determination problem. Throughout the comparison study the conventional covariance method continually experiences serious accuracy degradations and often produces useless or inconsistent results. The UD algorithm, on the other hand, demonstrates its inherent stability by consistently matching the extended precision reference results. Moreover, the U-D method is found to be efficient and easy to implement, requiring no more storage or computation than the conventional covariance algorithm.
INTERNAL FRICTION STUDY OF STRESS-INDUCED MARTENSITIC TRANSFORMATION IN Cu-Zn-Al SHAPE MEMORY ALLOYS (1991)

The method of internal friction has been used for studying stress-induced martensitic transformation in Cu-Zn-A1 polycrystals. The observed internal friction spectrum for a given pseudoelastic cycle is a unique, non-linear function of the transformation rate, and is independent of the actual amount of transformed volume. The internal friction values decrease with increasing stress cycling temperature, indicating that only at sufficiently high temperatures above Ms is a perfectly oriented martensitic structure obtained.
Proteome Expression: The Subcellular Organisation of Protein Synthesis (2018)

Abstract Proteome expression is the integrated output of gene transcription, messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) stability, mRNA translation and protein stability, and varies between cells, tissues and organs. Proteome expression is dynamic and can be readily modified in response to stress, cell cycle progression, pathogenic infection and malignant transformation. With recent advances in single molecule optical imaging and high‐resolution genomic analyses, increased attention has turned to the spatiotemporal regulation of proteome expression at the subcellular level. With this interest has come a reinvestigation of a fundamental question in cell biology – the subcellular organisation of mRNA transcriptome expression. Although it is widely accepted that eukaryotic cells partition proteome expression, with soluble proteins being synthesised on cytoplasmic ribosomes and secretory/integral membrane proteins on endoplasmic reticulum (ER)‐bound ribosomes, recent data indicate a far broader role for the ER in proteome expression. Key Concepts Ribosomes, the cellular machines that perform protein synthesis, are present in the two primary protein synthesis compartments of the eukaryotic cell, the cytosol and endoplasmic reticulum (ER). mRNAs are largely partitioned between the cytosol and the ER on the basis of their encoded gene product, with cytosolic protein‐encoding mRNAs being translated by cytoplasmic ribosomes and secretory/membrane protein‐encoding mRNAs undergoing translation on ER‐bound ribosomes. The mechanisms governing mRNA and ribosome partitioning between the cytosol and ER compartments are largely unknown. Recent studies have revealed that ER‐bound ribosomes are broadly engaged in the translation of the mRNA transcriptome. A role for the ER in the expression of the cellular proteome can now be considered.
Expedient Encapsulation: Protective Structural Coatings (2004)

The focus of this effort is to identify and evaluate the performance of non-toxic coatings that can be readily applied to the interior of any shelter to provide a protective barrier against chemical and biological agent threats. A proof-of-concept study was performed using a commercially available water-based strippable coating applied to the interior of a portable office shed. The barrier polymer was assessed for its ability to significantly diminish the leakage rate of the structure when subjected to over-pressurization. The feasibility of the concept was clearly shown as the leakage rate was reduced by 69% over the uncoated structure.
Selective dissociation of HCl in Kr from vibrational overtones (2002)

Vibrational levels v=1, 2, and 3 of HCl in Kr matrices are populated with tunable IR radiation and the excited molecules are dissociated by UV excitation to the repulsive A 1∏ state. Cl fragments are recorded by laser induced fluorescence of Kr2Cl and dissociation rates are determined from the increase in LIF with UV dose. The enlarged UV Franck–Condon range for overtones allows the study of cage exit of H fragments with small kinetic energy Ekin. A threshold at Ekin=1.4 eV and a steep rise indicate a predominant sudden exit. Monomers, different initial rotational states and transients in the relaxation cascade are preselected with overtone excitation and the feasibility of a discrimination between isotopes, aggregates, and local structures is illustrated.
Convergence of the Algorithm of Additive Regularization of Topic Models (2021)

The problem of probabilistic topic modeling is as follows. Given a collection of text documents, find the conditional distribution over topics for each document and the conditional distribution over words (or terms) for each topic. Log-likelihood maximization is used to solve this problem. The problem generally has an infinite set of solutions and is ill-posed according to Hadamard. In the framework of Additive Regularization of Topic Models (ARTM), a weighted sum of regularization criteria is added to the main log-likelihood criterion. The numerical method for solving this optimization problem is a kind of an iterative EM-algorithm written in a general form for an arbitrary smooth regularizer as well as for a linear combination of smooth regularizers. This paper studies the problem of convergence of the EM iterative process. Sufficient conditions are obtained for the convergence to a stationary point of the regularized log-likelihood. The constraints imposed on the regularizer are not too restrictive. We give their interpretations from the point of view of the practical implementation of the algorithm. A modification of the algorithm is proposed that improves the convergence without additional time and memory costs. Experiments on a news text collection have shown that our modification both accelerates the convergence and improves the value of the criterion to be optimized.
Model-free deflectometry for freeform optics measurement using an iterative reconstruction technique (2018)

We present a novel model-free iterative data-processing approach that improves surface reconstruction accuracy for deflectometry tests of unknown surfaces. This new processing method iteratively reconstructs the surface, leading to reduced error in the final reconstructed surface. The method was implemented in a deflectometry system, and a freeform surface was tested and compared to interferometric test results. The reconstructed departure from interferometric results was reduced from 15.80 μm RMS with model-based deflectometry down to 5.20 μm RMS with the iterative technique reported here.
Residence time determines invasiveness and performance of garlic mustard ( Alliaria petiolata ) in North America (2020)

While biological invasions have the potential for large negative impacts on local communities and ecological interactions, increasing evidence suggests that species once considered major problems can decline over time. Declines often appear driven by natural enemies, diseases or evolutionary adaptations that selectively reduce populations of naturalised species and their impacts. Using permanent long-term monitoring locations, we document declines of Alliaria petiolata (garlic mustard) in eastern North America with distinct local and regional dynamics as a function of patch residence time. Projected site-specific population growth rates initially indicated expanding populations, but projected population growth rates significantly decreased over time and at the majority of sites fell below 1, indicating declining populations. Negative soil feedback provides a potential mechanism for the reported disappearance of ecological dominance of A. petiolata in eastern North America.
3D porous hybrids of defect-rich MoS2/graphene nanosheets with excellent electrochemical performance as anode materials for lithium ion batteries (2015)

3D porous hybrids of defect-rich MoS<sub>2</sub>/graphene nanosheets (dr-MoS<sub>2</sub>/GNS) exhibit extraordinary electrochemical performance as anode materials for high performance lithium ion batteries (LIBs).
RFLP detected by a genomic probe from the human X-Iinked proteolipid protein gene, PLP (1992)

Journal Article RFLP detected by a genomic probe from the human X-Iinked proteolipid protein gene, PLP Get access Wendy H. Raskind, Wendy H. Raskind 1Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of MedicianeSeattle, WA 98195 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar John Wolff, John Wolff 1Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of MedicianeSeattle, WA 98195 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Lynn D. Hudson, Lynn D. Hudson 2Laboratory of Viral and Molecular Pathogenesis, National Institute of Neurologk Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of HealthBethesda, MD Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Thomas D. Bird Thomas D. Bird 1Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of MedicianeSeattle, WA 981953Division of Neurology, Veteran's Affairs HospitalSeattle, WA, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Human Molecular Genetics, Volume 1, Issue 4, July 1992, Page 288, https://doi.org/10.1093/hmg/1.4.288-a Published: 01 July 1992