gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
5-Gb/s performance of integrated light source consisting of lambda /4-shifted DFB laser and EA modulator with SI InP BH structure (1990)

The fabrication process and characteristics, including 5-Gb/s transmission, of an integrated light source consisting of a lambda /4-shifted distributed feedback laser and an electroabsorption (EA) modulator are discussed. By introducing a semi-insulating (SI) InP on the butt-joint region, both the large electrical isolation resistance (>10 M Omega ) between the laser and the modulator and a high optical coupling efficiency (>80%) between them are achieved. A typical threshold current was 50-70 mA, and single-mode operation at 1.576 mu m was maintained up to 5.5-mW output power. The modulation voltage to swing between 90% transmission and 10% transmission was 6.2-12 V, depending on the modulator length in the range 1000-400 mu m. The 3-dB bandwidth is 7.7 GHz and a linewidth enhancement factor ( alpha ) of 0.9 is estimated from the sideband-to-carrier ratio of the spectra.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
608. Unsymmetrical dialkylphosphinic acids (1958)

P. C. Crofts and I. S. Fox, J. Chem. Soc., 1958, 2995 DOI: 10.1039/JR9580002995
Continuous Chemical Synthesis in Flow (2013)

Synthetic organic chemistry is a complex art, science, craft and to many a pure religion. As a scientific discipline it continues to undergone considerable change and evolution. Indeed, over the past couple of centuries our understanding of the fundamentals methodologies applied to bond forming and breaking including how to exert control over these processes has progressed at a stunning pace. It is probably fair to say synthetic chemists can sufficient time could prepare any required molecule imaginable. However, throughout this constant change the basic approach and apparatus available to the bench chemist has remained relatively constant. The prevalence of test tubes, round bottom flasks and beakers are historically synonymous with chemistry laboratories. This image remains essential identical today in that our approach to synthesis is mainly still a batch based practice following well defined iterative sequence of discrete reaction steps, work-ups and purifications using historically recognizable glassware. An alternative approach currently being explored is flow chemical processing which makes use of small volume reactors and packed bed columns as dynamic vessels for performing chemical transformations. This more holistic approach also attempts to integrate other aspects of the synthesis such as work-up and purification into the overall processing sequence aiming to deliver a clean product stream as one single integrated operation. Consequently the ability to further telescope and assimilate these individual transformations into more elaborate sequences enables the generation of advanced multi-step product outputs. This presentation will detail some of the achievements from our laboratory in the area of flow chemistry with emphasis being placed on the application of these techniques to synthetic organic chemistry. By way of exemplification a selection of small molecule building blocks and pharmaceutical libraries will be illustrated.
Fluoxetine is a safer alternative to fenfluramine in the medical treatment of obesity (1997)

T combination of phentermine and fenfluramine hydrochloride is widely used for the treatment of exogenous obesity even though there has been only 1 full published study.<sup>1</sup>The therapy is cheap, highly successful, and well tolerated. Nevertheless, experience in Europe suggests that there is a grave risk of primary pulmonary hypertension (PPH) from fenfluramine, whether dispensed as the racemic mixture or the pure D-isomer.<sup>2</sup>Even though the risk for PPH is small, the mortality is high, the results of treatment are uncertain, and there is no proven screening method. I have treated 557 patients with a variation of the "phen-fen" combination, in which fenfluramine was replaced with fluoxetine hydrochloride. The chemical structure of fluoxetine is similar to that of fenfluramine; both drugs are serotonin-promoting agents, and fluoxetine acts on the cerebral appestat as well as fenfluramine. My patients have lost 3645 kg in 2 years. Only 7 patients failed
ACUTE CENTRAL SEROUS CHORIORETINOPATHY AND FUNDUS AUTOFLUORESCENCE (2005)

In this group of patients, the acute focal RPE leaks seen with FA corresponded precisely to an area of hypo-autofluorescence imaged with FAF. This observation supports the concept that a mechanical defect or absence of the RPE accounts for the leakage from the inner choroid to the sub-neurosensory space in CSC. FAF is also a useful noninvasive diagnostic adjunct to identify the focal RPE leak in patients with acute CSC.
[Lidocaine action on the ion currents of normal and depolarized myocardial fibers in membrane potential fixation]. (1981)

The effect of lidocaine on the transmembrane ion currents of normal and partially depolarized atrial trabecula was studied in the frog by fixation of membrane potential with duoble sucrose bridge. Lidocaine in a concentration below 12 X 10(-4) g/ml produced no effect on the slow input current. Lidocaine decreased the potassium conduction at the membrane potential values below--45 mW, and increased at--30 mW. Kinetic parameters of the rapid input sodium current and its amplitude significantly changed under the action of lidocaine in normal cardiac tissue, and its effect increased in the depolarized tissue. It is suggested that depolarization is a factor increasing sensitivity to lidocaine of rapid sodium canals, while the capacity of lidocaine to inhibit effectively the rapid sodium current in the partially depolarized myocardium determine its antiarrhythmic activity.
Caspase-3-Generated Fragment of Gelsolin: Effector of Morphological Change in Apoptosis (1997)

The caspase-3 (CPP32, apopain, YAMA) family of cysteinyl proteases has been implicated as key mediators of apoptosis in mammalian cells. Gelsolin was identified as a substrate for caspase-3 by screening the translation products of small complementary DNA pools for sensitivity to cleavage by caspase-3. Gelsolin was cleaved in vivo in a caspase-dependent manner in cells stimulated by Fas. Caspase-cleaved gelsolin severed actin filaments in vitro in a Ca2+-independent manner. Expression of the gelsolin cleavage product in multiple cell types caused the cells to round up, detach from the plate, and undergo nuclear fragmentation. Neutrophils isolated from mice lacking gelsolin had delayed onset of both blebbing and DNA fragmentation, following apoptosis induction, compared with wild-type neutrophils. Thus, cleaved gelsolin may be one physiological effector of morphologic change during apoptosis.
Synthesis of Unsaturated Organosilicon Compounds via Alkene Metathesis and Metathesis Polymerization (2003)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Quantifying and improving dns availability (2010)

The Domain Name System (DNS) is one of the components most critical to Internet functionality. Nearly all Internet applications rely on the DNS for name-to-address translation. The ubiquity of the DNS necessitates both the accuracy and availability of responses. In this dissertation we present a model of DNS name resolution from which the availability of a domain name can be quantified in the context of its deployment. Using this model, DNS administrators will better understand the complex processes required to resolve domain names and quantitatively improve the robustness of their DNS configurations, from a perspective of availability.
We begin our analysis by providing relevant background on the DNS. We summarize protocol details surrounding name resolution, protocol and implementation vulnerabilities, and security extensions (DNSSEC).
Next we formalize a model for identifying DNS dependencies, based on DNS specification and server implementation. Using this model we introduce metrics to quantify the diversity of the namespace affecting the name resolution of a domain name. We observe that out of the set of zones influencing resolution of a domain name an average of 92% were explicitly configured by DNS administrators. However, certain resolver caching behaviors increase the likelihood that a domain name is influenced by third parties.
We further our DNS dependency model to describe DNS availability, a measure of the resolvability of a domain name. We derive a model and metrics for measuring availability and identify weaknesses in deployments. We identify specific misconfigurations that degrade the availability of a domain name and quantify their impact. In our analysis of production DNS data we observe that 14% of domain names exhibit lower redundancy than that which administrators have explicitly configured. We also observe that 6.7% of domain names required queries to more than an optimal number of servers to obtain an answer.
Our final analysis pertains to misconfigurations affecting availability in DNSSEC deployments. Because DNSSEC deployment is still new to administrators, many deployments have suffered from server misconfiguration or maintenance neglect which ultimately render a domain name unresolvable, even if servers are responsive. We introduce metrics for improving availability, and we present methodology for increased name resolution robustness in the presence of DNSSEC misconfiguration. In our survey of production signed zones, we observe that 31% of the validation errors detected might be mitigated using the technique proposed in our research.
The models and metrics presented in this dissertation can assist DNS administrators in better understanding their DNS deployments and avoiding name resolution failure through proper design and maintenance of DNS.
The structure of sickle hemoglobin fibers within fascicles (1987)

The structure of HbS fibers has been analyzed from electron micrographs of negatively stained particles using three-dimensional reconstruction techniques. Fibers are composed of the same structural unit as crystals, namely the Wishner-Love double strand, but the arrangement of the double strands in fibers and crystals is quite different. This raises questions regarding the manner in which such structures might fuse to form crystals. The crystallization must be accompanied by a considerable rearrangement of the double strands and the fibers, which have net polarity, must combine in such a way as to form a non-polar crystal. It is of interest in this regard to consider whether the structure of fibers associated into ordered bundles, or fascicles, differs from the structure of individual fibers. The structure and interaction of fibers within large arrays may have clinical significance as it is the formation of bundles of fibers within the red blood cell which leads to the clinical manifestations of sickle cell disease.
Nanomechanics of Poly(catecholamine) Coatings in Aqueous Solutions (2016)

Mussel-inspired self-polymerized catecholamine coatings have been widely utilized as a versatile coating strategy that can be applied to a variety of substrates. For the first time, nanomechanical measurements and an evaluation of the contribution of primary amine groups to poly(catecholamine) coatings have been conducted using a surface-forces apparatus. The adhesive strength between the poly(catecholamine) layers is 30-times higher than that of a poly(catechol) coating. The origin of the strong attraction between the poly(catecholamine) layers is probably due to surface salt displacement by the primary amine, π-π stacking (the quadrupole-quadrupole interaction of indolic crosslinks), and cation-π interactions (the monopole-quadrupole interaction between positively charged amine groups and the indolic crosslinks). The contribution of the primary amine group to the catecholamine coating is vital for the design and development of mussel-inspired catechol-based coating materials.
Fluorinated Johnson Reagent for Transfer‐Trifluoromethylation to Carbon Nucleophiles (2008)

Abstract A novel reagent, [(oxido)phenyl(trifluoromethyl)‐λ 4 ‐sulfanylidene]dimethylammonium tetrafluoroborate has been developed for the electrophilic trifluoromethylation of carbon nucleophiles. The reagent was designed as a trifluorinated version of a Johnson‐type methyl‐transfer reagent. The firstexample of vinylogous trifluoromethylation of dicyanoalkylidenes is also demonstrated.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH &amp; Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)
Micromirror array for multiobject spectroscopy in ground-based and space telescopes (2008)

We are developing single-crystalline silicon micromirror arrays (MMA) for future generation infrared multiobject spectroscopy (IR MOS). The micromirrors are 100&mu;m &times; 200&mu;m in size and can be tilted by electrostatic actuation yielding a tilt-angle of 20&deg;. Arrays of 5x5 micromirrors were gold-coated and tested at below 100K. The coated and uncoated micromirrors are optically flat (peak-to-valley deformation &lt; &lambda;/20 for &lambda; &gt; 1&mu;m) at room temperature and in cryogenic environment. Successful actuation has been done at room temperature and at temperatures below 100K. Large arrays of 200x100 micromirrors are being fabricated and an actuation scheme for extremely large arrays has been developed.
Optimization of Hyaluronate-Based Liposomes to Augment the Oral Delivery and the Bioavailability of Berberine (2021)

Various perspectives had been utilized to enhance the poor intestinal permeability and bioavailability of drugs with low water solubility. Berberine (Brb) is a unique molecule that possesses multiple therapeutic activities such as antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and anti-hyperglycemic effects. To improve Brb permeability and bioavailability, this study presents a newly developed formulation, namely Brb hyaluronate-based liposomes, prepared by using film hydration method and characterized by dynamic light scattering measurements, entrapment efficiency percentage (EE%), transmission electron microscope (TEM), in vitro drug release and physical stability. The bioavailability of the selected formulations was assessed in vivo after oral administration to rats. The results revealed an enhanced effect of hyaluronic acid on the entrapment efficiency, reaching 78.1 ± 0.1% with mean size 520.7 ± 19.9 nm. Sustained release of Brb was recorded up to 24 h in comparison to Brb solution. Physical stability was maintained for three months at refrigeration temperature. Results of pharmacokinetics studies indicated the potential of the liposomal formulation to increase the oral bioavailability of Brb and to accelerate its entry into the bloodstream. The obtained results are accredited to the lipophilic nature of the prepared system, resembling the structural features of bio-membrane, in addition to their small size that enhances intestinal penetration.
Multi-stack ensemble for job recommendation (2016)

This paper describes the approach that team PumpkinPie adopted in the 2016 Recsys Challenge. The task of the competition organized by XING is to predict which job postings the user has interacted with. The team's approach mainly consists in generating a set of models using different techniques, and then combining them in a multi-stack ensemble. This strategy granted the fourth position in the final leader-board to the team, with an overall score of 1.86M.
Physicians’ communication with a cancer patient and a relative : A randomised study assessing the efficacy of consolidation workshops (2004)

info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Nano-CT Scanning (2008)

Tomography is a non-destructive research technique which allows investigating the internal structure of objects in 3D . The "centre for X-ray tomography (UGCT)" of the Ghent University has developed a modular X-ray micro/nanoCT scanner which is used for multi-disciplinary research. In this paper we give an overview of the different components of the UGCT scanner with special attention to the X-ray imaging detectors. Also the software tools for data reconstruction and analysis and some obtained results are discussed.
Online Active Inference and Learning (2011)

We present a generalized framework for active inference, the selective acquisition of labels for cases at prediction time in lieu of using the estimated labels of a predictive model. We develop techniques within this framework for classifying in an online setting, for example, for classifying the stream of web pages where online advertisements are being served. Stream applications present novel complications because (i) at the time of label acquisition, we don’t know the set of instances that we will eventually see, (ii) instances repeat based on some unknown (and possibly skewed) distribution. We combine ideas from decision theory, costsensitive learning, and online density estimation. We also introduce a method for on-line estimation of the utility distribution, which allows us to manage the budget over the stream. The resulting model tells which instances to label so that by the end of each budget period, the budget is best spent (in expectation). The main results show that: (1) our proposed approach to active inference on streams can indeed reduce error costs substantially over alternative approaches, (2) more sophisticated online estimations achieve larger reductions in error. We next discuss simultaneously conducting active inference and active learning. We show that our expected-utility active inference strategy also selects good examples for learning. We close by pointing out that our utility-distribution estimation strategy can also be applied to convert pool-based active learning techniques into budget-sensitive online active learning techniques.
Modulation of Spin-Orbit Torque and Large Enhancement of Perpendicular Magnetic Anisotropy in W/Co20Fe60B20/MgO by Ir Insertion Layer (2023)

Iridium ($\mathrm{Ir}$) is a 5d heavy metal with strong spin-orbit coupling (SOC), which introduces various intriguing phenomena when interacting with a ferromagnetic layer. In this study, we utilize $\mathrm{Ir}$ as an insertion layer in $\mathrm{W}/\mathrm{Ir}({t}_{\mathrm{Ir}})/{\mathrm{Co}}_{20}{\mathrm{Fe}}_{60}{\mathrm{B}}_{20}/\mathrm{Mg}\mathrm{O}$ heterostructures to tune SOC and study its influence on the spin-orbit torque (SOT), perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (PMA), and Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction (DMI). The SOT efficiency decreases first and then increases with an increase of $\mathrm{Ir}$ insertion layer thickness because of the opposite spin Hall angle between $\mathrm{W}$ and $\mathrm{Ir}$, and the sign changes when the thickness of $\mathrm{Ir}$ is 1.5 nm, which is close to the spin diffusion length of $\mathrm{Ir}$ of 1.35 nm. Importantly, a 0.25-nm-thick $\mathrm{Ir}$ layer enhances largely the effective PMA by 140%--350% under different annealing temperatures compared with that of a sample without insertion. Meanwhile, the DMI constant is also enhanced. The enhancement of PMA and DMI is likely due to the enhancement of interfacial SOC when $\mathrm{Ir}$ diffuses into ${\mathrm{Co}}_{20}{\mathrm{Fe}}_{60}{\mathrm{B}}_{20}$ and leads to the formation of ${\mathrm{Fe}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}{\mathrm{Ir}}_{x}$. These results provide an effective method to tune SOC by inducing a dusting layer with strong SOC to meet different requirements in spintronic devices like small magnetic tunnel junctions.
Utility of P19 Gene-Silencing Suppressor for High Level Expression of Recombinant Human Therapeutic Proteins in Plant Cells (2016)

Utility of P19 Gene-Silencing Suppressor for High Level Expression of Recombinant Human Therapeutic Proteins in Plant Cells
ChemInform Abstract: REACTIONS OF SODIUM PERFLUOROTERTIARY ALKOXIDES WITH REACTIVE HALIDES (1975)

Abstract Die nach bekanntem Verfahren dargestellten Verbindungen (I) und (II) reagieren mit mit Säurechloriden (IIIa)‐(IIIc) zu den entsprechenden Estern (IVa)‐(IVc), mit den Chlorsilanen (Va)‐(Vd) zu den Alkoxy‐silanen (VIa)‐(VIe).
Hydrophobic n-Alkyl-N-isoquinolinium Salts: Ionic Liquids and Low Melting Solids (2007)

A series of hydrophobic n-alkyl-N-isoquinolinium ionic liquids (ILs) with a linear alkyl-chain substituent containing from 4-18 carbon atoms in combination with hexafluorophosphate, bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)amide, and bis- (perfluoroethylsulfonyl)amide have been synthesized and characterized (water content, density, DSC, TGA, and LSER). The crystal structures of [C2isoq][PF6] (prepared and isolated only for the comparative X-ray diffraction study), [C4isoq]- [PF6], and [C10isoq] [PF6] illustrate the underlying interactions in the higher melting salts. The isoquinolinium-based ILs studied here are interesting due to their highly aromatic nature and physical and solvent properties.
Position detection of guidewire tip emitting ultrasound by using a Kalman filter (2021)

Abstract Echo-guided intervention is a promising minimally invasive surgery in the ultrasound (US) image guide because of its non-invasiveness and the high visuality of blood vessels. However, detecting the position of an intervascular device is difficult under an echo-guided intervention. To overcome this problem, we proposed a novel position detection method for an echo-guided intervention with a small photoacoustic transmitter. The method detects the position of the intervascular device by receiving the US that the transmitter at the device tip emits. Because its accuracy decreases under weak signal conditions, this paper proposes a Kalman filter-based filtering method to improve the accuracy of the position detection. The proposed filter reduces the detection error based on a linear approximation of the system. Our experiment shows the filter reduces 52% of the root mean squared error during position detection in an elevation direction.
4-Hydroxy-2,5-dimethyl-3(2H)-furanone Formation by Zygosaccharomyces rouxii:  Effect of the Medium (2003)

The formation of 4-hydroxy-2,5-dimethyl-3(2H)-furanone (HDMF) by Zygosaccharomyces rouxii was studied in yeast-peptone-dextrose medium containing d-fructose 1,6-diphosphate under various culture conditions. Cell growth and HDMF production was heavily dependent on medium pH and sodium chloride concentration. Higher pH values of the nutrient medium had a positive effect on HDMF formation but retarded cell growth resulting in an optimal pH value of 5.1 with regard to the yield of HDMF. Salt stress stimulated HDMF formation by Z. rouxii as increasing sodium chloride concentration led to higher amounts of HDMF. The HDMF concentration in the culture supernatant and HDMF formation per yeast cell peaked at 20% sodium chloride in the nutrient medium. The nonutilizable carbohydrate d-xylose displayed a weak effect on HDMF formation, and the addition of glycerol to salt-stressed cells had no effect on the production of HDMF.
Temperature and composition profile during double-track laser cladding of H13 tool steel (2009)

Multi-track laser cladding is now applied commercially in a range of industries such as automotive, mining and aerospace due to its diversified potential for material processing.\nThe knowledge of temperature, velocity and composition distribution history is essential for a better understanding of the process and subsequent microstructure evolution and properties. Numerical simulation not only helps to understand the complex physical phenomena and underlying principles involved in this process, but it can also be used in the process prediction and system control. The double-track coaxial laser cladding with H13 tool steel powder\ninjection is simulated using a comprehensive three-dimensional model, based on the mass, momentum, energy conservation and solute transport equation. Some important physical phenomena, such as heat transfer, phase changes, mass addition and fluid flow, are taken into account in the calculation. The physical properties for a mixture of solid and liquid phase are defined by treating it as a continuum media. The velocity of the laser beam during the\ntransition between two tracks is considered. The evolution of temperature and composition of different monitoring locations is simulated.