gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Luminal factors stimulate intestinal repair during the refeeding of malnourished infant rabbits (1993)

We examined the role of luminal versus systemic factors in promoting intestinal recovery during the refeeding of previously malnourished infant rabbits. Malnutrition was induced by litter expansion at 7 days of age. A 20-cm Thirty-Vella (T-V) loop was created in the intestine of each malnourished and dietary control animal at 21 days of age. Beginning on day 28, controls and one half of the malnourished group (malnourished-refed) were fed chow ad libitum, whereas the remainder of the malnourished group received half the amount of chow given to the malnourished-refed group. On day 35, proximal and distal segments from the intact intestine that remained in continuity as well as segments from the excluded T-V loops were examined. Malnutrition severely reduced mucosal mass and disaccharidase activities in the intact distal intestine. A brief period of refeeding led to a rapid recovery of these parameters. In contrast, the excluded T-V loop segments of the control, malnourished, and malnourished-refed groups all displayed decreased mucosal mass and impaired function to a degree similar to that observed in the intact distal segment from the malnourished group. These results indicate that luminal factors are essential for (i) the maintenance of normal intestinal structure and function in infant rabbits and (ii) the promotion of mucosal repair following nutritional rehabilitation of malnourished animals.
Measurements of long-wavelength spin waves for the magnetic field in the Damon-Eshbach, backward-volume and forward-volume geometries of an yttrium iron garnet film (2018)

We report systematic measurements of the dispersion of long wavelength spin waves for a wide range of wave vectors for the magnetic field along the three principal directions defining the forward volume, backward volume and Damon-Eshbach modes of a 9.72 μm thick film of an yttrium iron garnet obtained using lithographically patterned, multi-element, spatially resonant, antennas. Overall good agreement is found between the experimental data for the backward volume and Damon-Eshbach modes and the magnetostatic theory of Damon and Eshbach. Also, good agreement is found between the experimental data for the forward volume mode and the theory of Damon and van de Vaart.
AhR Ligands Differentially Regulate miRNA-132 Which Targets HMGB1 and to Control the Differentiation of Tregs and Th-17 Cells During Delayed-Type Hypersensitivity Response (2021)

Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), is a transcription factor and an environmental sensor that has been shown to regulate T cell differentiation. Interestingly, AhR ligands exert varying effects from suppression to exacerbation of inflammation through induction of Tregs and Th-17 cells, respectively. In the current study, we investigated whether the differential effects of AhR ligands on T cell differentiation are mediated by miRNA during delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) reaction against methylated Bovine Serum Albumin (mBSA). Treatment of C57BL/6 mice with TCDD attenuated mBSA-mediated DTH response, induced Tregs, decreased Th-17 cells, and caused upregulation of miRNA-132. TCDD caused an increase in several Treg subsets including inducible peripheral, natural thymic, and Th3 cells. Also, TCDD increased TGF-β and Foxp3 expression. In contrast, treating mice with FICZ exacerbated the DTH response, induced inflammatory Th17 cells, induced IL-17, and RORγ. Analysis of miRNA profiles from draining lymph nodes showed that miR-132 was upregulated in the TCDD group and downregulated in the FICZ group. Transfection studies revealed that miRNA-132 targeted High Mobility Group Box 1 (HMGB1). Downregulation of HMGB1 caused an increase in FoxP3+ Treg differentiation and suppression of Th-17 cells while upregulation of HMGB1 caused opposite effects. Moreover, TCDD was less effective in suppressing DTH response and induction of Tregs in mice that were deficient in miR-132. In summary, this study demonstrates that TCDD and FICZ have divergent effects on DTH response and T cell differentiation, which is mediated through, at least in part, regulation of miRNA-132 that targets HMGB1.
Comparative modelling of human β tubulin isotypes and implications for drug binding (2006)

The protein tubulin is a target for several anti-mitotic drugs, which affect microtubule dynamics, ultimately leading to cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Many of these drugs, including the taxanes and Vinca alkaloids, are currently used clinically in the treatment of several types of cancer. Another tubulin binding drug, colchicine, although too toxic to be used as a chemotherapeutic agent, is commonly used for the treatment of gout. The main disadvantage that all of these drugs share is that they bind tubulin indiscriminately, leading to the death of both cancerous and healthy cells. However, the broad cellular distribution of several tubulin isotypes provides a platform upon which to construct novel chemotherapeutic drugs that could differentiate between different cell types, reducing the undesirable side effects associated with current chemotherapeutic treatments. Here, we report an analysis of ten human β tubulin isotypes and discuss differences within each of the previously characterized paclitaxel, colchicine and vinblastine binding sites.
Forecasting Progressive Trends in Keratoconus by Means of a Time Delay Neural Network (2021)

Early and accurate detection of keratoconus progression is particularly important for the prudent, cost-effective use of corneal cross-linking and judicious timing of clinical follow-up visits. The aim of this study was to verify whether a progression could be predicted based on two prior tomography measurements and to verify the accuracy of the system when labelling the eye as stable or suspect progressive. Data from 743 patients measured by Pentacam (Oculus, Wetzlar, Germany) were available, and they were filtered and preprocessed to data quality needs. The time delay neural network received six features as input, measured in two consecutive examinations, predicted the future values, and determined the classification (stable or suspect progressive) based on the significance of the change from the baseline. The system showed a sensitivity of 70.8% and a specificity of 80.6%. On average, the positive and negative predictive values were 71.4% and 80.2%. Including data of less quality (as defined by the software) did not significantly worsen the results. This predictive system constitutes another step towards a personalized management of keratoconus. While the results obtained were modest and perhaps insufficient to decide on a surgical procedure, such as cross-linking, they may be useful to customize the timing for the patient's next follow-up.
Comparative Studies on Protective Effect of Various Sulfhydryl Compounds Against Cell Death and DNA Strand Breaks Induced by X-Rays in Cultured Mouse L Cells (1978)

Ten sulfhydryl (SH) compounds including cysteamine could be divided into three classes according to their radioprotective action and toxicity as measured by colony forming ability in irradiated and unirradiated mouse L cells. Cysteamine, 2-aminoethylisothiuronium bromide hydrobromide (AET) and 2-mercaptopropionylglycine (MPG) were chosen respectively from each class and their protective abilities against the formation of single and double-strand breaks in cellular DNA induced by X-rays were tested. The X-ray-induced single and doublestrand breaks were protected effectively by cysteamine and to a lesser extent by AET, but significant radioprotective action was not observed with MPG. These results are in good agreement with those obtained for cell survival.
Cultural dimensions and materialism: comparing Canada and China (2011)

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine levels of materialism in Canada and China and how they vary with differences in culture. Design/methodology/approach Data were gathered from students and the general public with self‐completed surveys using measures for materialism and culture. Findings In the first stage of analysis, levels of materialism were examined across countries. Overall, materialism was higher for the Chinese than the Canadians on all Richins and Dawson's dimensions except acquisition centrality. To investigate these unexpected results, levels of Hofstede's cultural dimensions were compared across country, age, and gender and it was seen that the Chinese outscored Canadians on all dimensions except uncertainty avoidance. Finally, the association between the components of materialism and dimensions of culture was examined and a cultural explanation for at least part of the difference in level of materialism between the two countries found. Research limitations/implications Data were collected in specific regions of the countries. Owing to the characteristics of the two regions, a more general approach to data sampling would likely produce even more pronounced differences than those noted here. Practical implications A better understanding of the nature of materialism and how it varies across cultures should enable marketers, policy makers, and social planners to act more effectively. Originality/value This paper finds some unexpected differences in materialism and goes on to find that the cultural differences between Canada and China have changed since the original Hofstede data were collected.
Inferring Fine-grained Control Flow Inside SGX Enclaves with Branch\n Shadowing (2016)

In this paper, we explore a new, yet critical, side-channel attack against\nIntel Software Guard Extension (SGX), called a branch shadowing attack, which\ncan reveal fine-grained control flows (i.e., each branch) of an enclave program\nrunning on real SGX hardware. The root cause of this attack is that Intel SGX\ndoes not clear the branch history when switching from enclave mode to\nnon-enclave mode, leaving the fine-grained traces to the outside world through\na branch-prediction side channel. However, exploiting the channel is not so\nstraightforward in practice because 1) measuring branch\nprediction/misprediction penalties based on timing is too inaccurate to\ndistinguish fine-grained control-flow changes and 2) it requires sophisticated\ncontrol over the enclave execution to force its execution to the interesting\ncode blocks. To overcome these challenges, we developed two novel exploitation\ntechniques: 1) Intel PT- and LBR-based history-inferring techniques and 2)\nAPIC-based technique to control the execution of enclave programs in a\nfine-grained manner. As a result, we could demonstrate our attack by breaking\nrecent security constructs, including ORAM schemes, Sanctum, SGX-Shield, and\nT-SGX. Not limiting our work to the attack itself, we thoroughly studied the\nfeasibility of hardware-based solutions (e.g., branch history clearing) and\nalso proposed a software-based countermeasure, called Zigzagger, to mitigate\nthe branch shadowing attack in practice.\n
Ruthenium-Catalyzed Amine Alkylation with Alcohols Via the Borrowing Hydrogen Methodology: Scope, Mechanism, and Application (2014)

Ph.D.
FaaS execution models for edge applications (2022)

In this paper, we address the problem of supporting stateful workflows following a Function-as-a-Service (FaaS) model in edge networks. In particular we focus on the problem of data transfer, which can be a performance bottleneck due to the limited speed of communication links in some edge scenarios and we propose three different schemes: a <em>pure FaaS</em> implementation, <em>StateProp</em>, i.e., propagation of the application state throughout the entire chain of functions, and <em>StateLocal</em>, i.e., a solution where the state is kept local to the workers that run functions and retrieved only as needed. We then extend the proposed schemes to the more general case of applications modeled as Directed Acyclic Graphs (DAGs), which cover a broad range of practical applications, e.g., in the Internet of Things (IoT) area. Our contribution is validated via a prototype implementation. Experiments in emulated conditions show that applying the data locality principle reduces significantly the volume of network traffic required and improves the end-to-end delay performance, especially with local caching on edge nodes and low link speeds.
Annulation of Ketones with Vinamidinium Hexafluorophosphate Salts:  An Efficient Preparation of Trisubstituted Pyridines (2000)

alpha-Aryl ketones react with vinamidinium hexafluorophosphate salts to give access to the corresponding 3-arylpyridines. The annulation reactions proceed in good to excellent yields with vinamidinium salts containing electron-withdrawing groups at the beta-position (R(2)). The reaction was applied to the preparation of the COX-2 specific inhibitor 5-chloro-3-(4-methylsulfonyl)phenyl-2-(2-methyl-5-pyridinyl)pyridine (1), as well as a series of analogues.
ERS statement on standardisation of cardiopulmonary exercise testing in chronic lung diseases (2019)

The objective of this document was to standardise published cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) protocols for improved interpretation in clinical settings and multicentre research projects. This document: 1) summarises the protocols and procedures used in published studies focusing on incremental CPET in chronic lung conditions; 2) presents standard incremental protocols for CPET on a stationary cycle ergometer and a treadmill; and 3) provides patients' perspectives on CPET obtained through an online survey supported by the European Lung Foundation. We systematically reviewed published studies obtained from EMBASE, Medline, Scopus, Web of Science and the Cochrane Library from inception to January 2017. Of 7914 identified studies, 595 studies with 26 523 subjects were included. The literature supports a test protocol with a resting phase lasting at least 3 min, a 3-min unloaded phase, and an 8- to 12-min incremental phase with work rate increased linearly at least every minute, followed by a recovery phase of at least 2-3 min. Patients responding to the survey (n=295) perceived CPET as highly beneficial for their diagnostic assessment and informed the Task Force consensus. Future research should focus on the individualised estimation of optimal work rate increments across different lung diseases, and the collection of robust normative data.
Sensorimotor Cortex Reorganization in Alzheimer's Disease and Metal Dysfunction: A MEG Study (2013)

Objective. To verify whether systemic biometals dysfunctions affect neurotransmission in living Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients. Methods. We performed a case-control study using magnetoencephalography to detect sensorimotor fields of AD patients, at rest and during median nerve stimulation. We analyzed position and amount of neurons synchronously activated by the stimulation in both hemispheres to investigate the capability of the primary somatosensory cortex to reorganize its circuitry disrupted by the disease. We also assessed systemic levels of copper, ceruloplasmin, non-Cp copper (i.e., copper not bound to ceruloplasmin), peroxides, transferrin, and total antioxidant capacity. Results. Patients' sensorimotor generators appeared spatially shifted, despite no change of latency and strength, while spontaneous activity sources appeared unchanged. Neuronal reorganization was greater in moderately ill patients, while delta activity increased in severe patients. Non-Cp copper was the only biological variable appearing to be associated with patient sensorimotor transmission. Conclusions. Our data strengthen the notion that non-Cp copper, not copper in general, affects neuronal activity in AD. Significance. High plasticity in the disease early stages in regions controlling more commonly used body parts strengthens the notion that physical and cognitive activities are protective factors against progression of dementia.
El estudio del control social en Foucault: lectura y discusión en el aula desde la metodología participativa y la formación reflexiva (2019)

El presente articulo recoge los puntos basicos sobre la actividad de evaluacion continua desarrollada en la asignatura Derecho penitenciario, obligatoria del Doble Grado en Derecho y Criminologia, impartido en la Universitat de Valencia. La propuesta consiste en la lectura dirigida del libro Vigilar y castigar, escrito por Michel Foucault, asi como en la adaptacion de las tesis del autor frances al contexto propio de la revolucion digital por el filosofo coreano Byung Chul-Han en su libro La sociedad de la transparencia.A partir de las lecturas propuestas, se organizaron en el aula una serie de sesiones presenciales, siguiendo distintas metodologias de ensenanza participativa, para discutir las principales tesis de estos autores, poniendolas en relacion con el estudio de los instrumentos de control social propios del sistema penal, como lo es el Derecho penitenciario. Se pretende asi profundizar en aspectos transversales a la asignatura objeto de estudio, a partir de un proceso reflexivo de formacion, ofreciendo al alumnado una aproximacion critica al estudio del control social, indispensable para garantizar su formacion como juristas y criminologos.
A Study on the Evaluation Method of the Freeway Traffic Accidents Forewarning System (2010)

Evaluation method is a core technology in the freeway traffic accidents forewarning system. This paper used the Fuzzy Comprehensive Evaluation Model based on Analytic Hierarchy Process which integrated the advantages of both Fuzzy Comprehensive Evaluation and AHP. Based on the Fuzzy Theory, some evaluation factors that are difficult to quantify and whose boundaries are unclear have been quantified. In actual evaluations, Delphi Method is used to quantify the qualitative factors. The establishment of the criteria weight sets uses AHP. According to the principal of the forewarning system, the evaluation criteria system was established. Finally, an illustration is given to show how this method works. The result shows that Fuzzy comprehensive evaluation based on AHP is an effective method to evaluate the safety condition of a freeway system in the freeway traffic accidents forewarning system.
Improvement of Resistance to SSC Initiation and Propagation of High Strength OCTG through Microstructure and Precipitation Control (2001)

Abstract The effect of different material variables on Sulfide Stress Cracking (SSC) resistance of oil country tubular goods (OCTG) was analyzed. Several Cr-Mo-Nb microalloyed steels with different contents of Ti and B and different quenching and tempering conditions were used in order to obtain 110122 ksi yield strength. The SSC performances were evaluated by means of tensile tests and Double Cantilever Beam tests, NACE methods A and D, respectively. Factors such as the microstructural features (e.g. the presence of upper and lower bainite, type and distribution of precipitates), the inclusion content and morphology were correlated to SSC initiation and propagation. Initiation of SSC cracks is mainly related to the steel cleanliness, i.e. content of non-metallic inclusions and TiN particles, and hardness. Propagation of SSC mainly depends on steel microstructure and strength. Materials having a refined austenite grain and tempered martensite microstructure (&amp;gt;95%) showed the best performance in sour conditions. Improvement of SSC resistance was obtained through microalloying adjustment combined with multiple heat treatment process.
New Facets of Universal Fluid Usage: Reduction of Hole Wash-Out and Solidification for Environmentally Safe Drilling Waste Disposal (1998)

Abstract Two new benefits derived from the use of a Universal Fluid (UF) have been demonstrated:reduction of the hole washout volume andsolidification of excess drilling fluid and drill cuttings for environmentally acceptable on-site waste disposal. A UF containing about 30 lb/bbl blast furnace slag was used as a drilling fluid while drilling a recent south Louisiana well in an effort to reduce hole washout and to demonstrate that the solidification of the UF and drill cuttings would provide an environmentally safe material which remains on-site and can be used for location maintenance, road construction, and land fill or other uses. The UF was used while drilling a 9 7/8-in. hole from 3,125 ft to the casing depth of 10,600 ft. The slag content ranged between 25 and 30 lb/bbl, while the UF weight was increased slowly from 9.4 lb/gal to 12.2 lb/gal. Caliper logs indicated that the average diameter of the UF-drilled section was 10.88 in., considerably better than the 12.85 in. of the same section of a previously drilled offset well. Of the total 147,000 lb of slag used, about 30% remained in the UF, about 22% was deposited as filtercake, and about 21% was discharged with the cuttings through solids control equipment. A concept of rig-site drilling waste management involving solidification of the UF wastes is elaborated and related lab and field data are presented. The necessary amount of slag for solidification is already in the UF and solid wastes, but additional slag can be added depending on the final product firmness desired. To demonstrate the waste solidification process, an additional 20 lb/bbl slag was mixed with a 40-barrel batch of the excess waste in a "V," -bottomed auger tank. The UF mixture was allowed to harden on location and successfully used for land fill. This paper shows that the UF can protect the drilled wellbore and can be economically treated and used for on-site disposal. P. 785
Considerations for Numerical Modeling of the Pulmonary Circulation—A Review With a Focus on Pulmonary Hypertension (2013)

Both in academic research and in clinical settings, virtual simulation of the cardiovascular system can be used to rapidly assess complex multivariable interactions between blood vessels, blood flow, and the heart. Moreover, metrics that can only be predicted with computational simulations (e.g., mechanical wall stress, oscillatory shear index, etc.) can be used to assess disease progression, for presurgical planning, and for interventional outcomes. Because the pulmonary vasculature is susceptible to a wide range of pathologies that directly impact and are affected by the hemodynamics (e.g., pulmonary hypertension), the ability to develop numerical models of pulmonary blood flow can be invaluable to the clinical scientist. Pulmonary hypertension is a devastating disease that can directly benefit from computational hemodynamics when used for diagnosis and basic research. In the present work, we provide a clinical overview of pulmonary hypertension with a focus on the hemodynamics, current treatments, and their limitations. Even with a rich history in computational modeling of the human circulation, hemodynamics in the pulmonary vasculature remains largely unexplored. Thus, we review the tasks involved in developing a computational model of pulmonary blood flow, namely vasculature reconstruction, meshing, and boundary conditions. We also address how inconsistencies between models can result in drastically different flow solutions and suggest avenues for future research opportunities. In its current state, the interpretation of this modeling technology can be subjective in a research environment and impractical for clinical practice. Therefore, considerations must be taken into account to make modeling reliable and reproducible in a laboratory setting and amenable to the vascular clinic. Finally, we discuss relevant existing models and how they have been used to gain insight into cardiopulmonary physiology and pathology.