gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Investigation of radiant millimeter wave/terahertz radiation from low-infrared signature targets (2017)

Millimeter (mm) and sub-mm wave radiation is increasingly becoming a region of interest as better methods are developed to detect in this wavelength range. The development of sensitive focal plane array (FPA) architectures as well as single pixel scanners has opened up a new field of passive detection and imaging. Spectral signatures of objects, a long standing area of interest in the Short Wave Infrared (SWIR), Mid-Wave (MWIR) and Long Wave-IR (LWIR) bands can now be assessed in the mm-wave/terahertz (THz) region. The advantage is that this form of radiation is not as adversely affected by poor atmospheric conditions compared to other bands. In this study, a preliminary experiment in a laboratory environment is performed to assess the radiance from targets with low infrared signatures in the millimeter wave/terahertz (THz) band (&lt;1 THz). The goal of this approach is to be able to model the experimental results to better understand the mm-wave/THz signature of targets with low observability in the IR bands.
Human isoprenoid synthase enzymes as therapeutic targets (2014)

In the human body, the complex biochemical network known as the mevalonate pathway is responsible for the biosynthesis of all isoprenoids, which consists of a vast array of metabolites that are vital for proper cellular functions. Two key isoprenoids, farnesyl pyrophosphate (FPP) and geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate (GGPP) are responsible for the post-translational prenylation of small GTP-binding proteins, and serve as the biosynthetic precursors to numerous other biomolecules. The down-stream metabolite of FPP and GGPP is squalene, the precursor to steroids, bile acids, lipoproteins, and vitamin D. In the past, interest in prenyl synthase inhibitors focused mainly on the role of the FPP in lytic bone diseases. More recently pre-clinical and clinical studies have strongly implicated high levels of protein prenylation in a plethora of human diseases, including non-skeletal cancers, the progression of neurodegenerative diseases and cardiovascular diseases. In this review, we focus mainly on the potential therapeutic value of down-regulating the biosynthesis of FPP, GGPP, and squalene. We summarize the most recent drug discovery efforts and the structural data available that support the current on-going studies.
Realization of n-channel and p-channel high-mobility (Al,GA)As/GaAs heterostructure insulating gate FET's on a planar wafer surface (1985)

Self-aligned gate by ion implantation n-channel and p-channel high-mobility (Al,Ga)As/GaAs heterostructure insulated-gate field-effect transistors (HIGFET's) have been fabricated on the same planar wafer surface for the first time. Enhancement-mode n-channel (Al,Ga)As/GaAs HIGFET's have demonstrated extrinsic transconductances of 218 mS/mm at room temperature and 385 mS/mm at 77 K. Enhancement-mode p-channel (Al,Ga)As/GaAs HIGFET's have demonstrated extrinsic transconductances of 28 mS/mm at room temperature and 59 mS/mm at 77 K. There are the highest transconductance values ever reported on a p-channel FET device.
Methods for Feature Detection in Point Clouds (2011)

This paper gives an overview over several techniques for detection of features, and in particular sharp features, on point-sampled geometry. In addition, a new technique using the Gauss map is shown. Given an unstructured point cloud, this method computes a Gauss map clustering on local neighborhoods in order to discard all points that are unlikely to belong to a sharp feature. A single parameter is used in this stage to control the sensitivity of the feature detection.
Metalorganic Chemical Vapor Deposition Gallium Nitride with Fast Growth Rate for Vertical Power Device Applications (2021)

The development of high‐quality gallium nitride (GaN) epitaxy with thick drift layer, low controllable doping, and high mobility is key for vertical high‐power devices. Herein, the effect of increasing trimethylgallium (TMGa) molar flow rate on the growth rate, impurity incorporation, charge compensation, surface morphology, and carrier mobility is systematically studied. An optimized metalorganic chemical vapor deposition GaN growth condition with a typical growth rate of 2 μm h −1 is used as the baseline. With significant suppression of background Si, other impurity concentrations, and a precise control of the doping precursor SiH 4 flow, an electron concentration as low as 4 × 10 15 cm −3 in n − ‐GaN is achieved. Through increasing the TMGa flow rate, the GaN growth rate is increased to 5.2 μm h −1 . Secondary ion mass spectroscopy results show that the background H, O, and Mg remain below detection limit, but C level is increased to 2 × 10 16 cm −3 . GaN growth on Mn‐doped semi‐insulating GaN substrate is performed to probe the transport properties of film with low dislocation densities. Hall measurement shows that an electron mobility decreases from 852 to 604 cm 2 V −1 s −1 as the growth rate increases. Results from this work reveal the challenge and guidance for achieving GaN vertical high power devices.
Supplementary Figures from Predictive Biomarkers of Sensitivity to the Phosphatidylinositol 3′ Kinase Inhibitor GDC-0941 in Breast Cancer Preclinical Models (2023)

Supplementary Figures from Predictive Biomarkers of Sensitivity to the Phosphatidylinositol 3′ Kinase Inhibitor GDC-0941 in Breast Cancer Preclinical Models
Biosynthetic studies of marine lipids. 9. Stereochemical aspects and hydrogen migrations in the biosynthesis of the triply alkylated side chain of the sponge sterol strongylosterol (1986)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTBiosynthetic studies of marine lipids. 9. Stereochemical aspects and hydrogen migrations in the biosynthesis of the triply alkylated side chain of the sponge sterol strongylosterolIvan L. Stoilov, Janice E. Thompson, Jin Ho. Cho, and Carl. DjerassiCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1986, 108, 26, 8235–8241Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1986Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1986https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00286a021https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00286a021research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views145Altmetric-Citations22LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Urinary 19-Nor-Deoxycorticosterone Excretion in the Spontaneously Hypertensive Rat* (1982)

Urinary free 21-hydroxy-19-nor-4-pregnen-3,20-dione (19-nor-DOC) excretion in male and female spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and the normotensive Wistar Kyoto (WKY) strain of rat was measured at weekly intervals from weaning (at 3 weeks of age) to 7 weeks of age. Excretion of this steroid was found to be elevated in both male and female SHR compared to WKY rats before the development of hypertension at 8 weeks of age. Urinary levels of 19-nor-DOC returned to WKY at levels 1 week earlier in the male SHR than in the female SHR The levels of 19-nor-DOC in female SHR returned to the level in the female WKY rat just before the onset of hypertension.
ChemInform Abstract: δ,.epsilon.‐Unsaturated β,β‐Difluoro‐α‐keto Esters: Novel Synthesis and Utility as Precursors of β,β‐ Difluoro‐α‐amino Acids. (1996)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Imaging Characteristics of a Highly Integrated MillimeterWave MIMO Radar (2018)

In this paper the influence of antenna radiation pattern on the imaging performance of a highly integrated Millimeter Wave Radar is presented. For evaluation of the MIMO imaging performance the implemented antenna array topology is shown and using an analytical antenna model the simulated point spread function is given for different antenna half-power beamwidths. Simulated and measured characterization of a circularly polarized cavity backed patch antenna on a Rogers <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">®</sup> RT/duroid 5880 substrate implemented in a compact radar system is presented. The experimental evaluation of the imaging performance is carried out by comparing simulation and measurement of a scenario with multiple point-like scatterer using the realized antenna element.
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia and radiation therapy. (1962)

One hundred and fifty cases of chronic lymphocytic leukemia seen from 1922 through 1960 were analyzed. The average age of the males was 56 years and of the females 58.4 years, giving a general age of 56.7 years. The amount of roentgen radiation delivered and the various survival times were studied, and it is definitely shown that those patients who survive longest need less therapy and have a more chronic type of disease or a greater natural resistance to its effects. The results of external regional roentgen therapy in 117 patients with active disease are presented both as to long term survival time and as to response at the end of 3 and 12 month periods. These results are compared with those of similar series treated with other modalities as reported in the literature. The survival rate was found to be similar whether radiation was given to the whole body by external means or P/sup 32/, or whether regional external irradiation was used. Median survival times for living and deceaseo patient; are also presented. No increase in longevity was found in patients having received maintenance therapy. An attempt was also made to compare the short term patient response to radiationmore » therapy with that to the chemotherapeutic agents, particularly chlorarubucil. No advantage was noted over that obtained with radiation therapy. In the case of chemotherapy it will be necessary to judge the long term results at a later date. (auth)« less
Regioselective zincation of indazoles using TMP2Zn and Negishi cross-coupling with aryl and heteroaryl iodides (2012)

The metalation of various SEM-protected functionalized indazoles with TMP(2)Zn provides 3-zincated indazoles which undergo palladium-catalyzed Negishi cross-couplings in good yields.
Performance of PMASynRM With Ferrite Magnets for EV/HEV Applications Considering Productivity (2014)

Although motors that use rare-earth permanent magnets typically exhibit high performance, their cost is high, and there are concerns about the stability of the raw material supply. This paper proposes a permanent-magnet-assisted synchronous reluctance motor (PMASynRM) with a ferrite magnet that does not use rare-earth materials considering productivity. The performance of the proposed PMASynRM is evaluated based on the finite-element method and an experiment using a prototype machine. The analysis results reveal that the proposed PMASynRM has the same power density and an equivalent efficiency as rare-earth permanent-magnet synchronous motors for hybrid electric vehicles (2003 Toyota Prius). Furthermore, some experimental results are presented in order to validate the analytical results. As a result, the proposed PMASynRM was found to achieve high-power-density and high-efficiency performance.
Publicly Auditable Privacy Revocation in Practice (2021)

PAPR Credentials is the name of a not yet published credential scheme that provides conditional privacy for its users. This means that an administrator can choose to revoke a user's anonymity. Doing so, however, the administrator must broadcast her intention, as the success of the privacy revocation depends on the help of other users, since the administrator does not have access to sufficient information to do it alone. In this thesis, we provide a PAPR Credentials implementation that we use to examine system characteristics. We focus on how different system parameters impact three properties: the computational load for an arbitrary user, revocation delay, and when revocations begin to fail due to the number of previous revocations. On top of PAPR, we construct an example application called PAPR Money, in which the users can transfer bitcoin to one another pseudonymously. In case of suspected money laundering or terrorist financing, the underlying PAPR Credentials scheme facilitates the ability to revoke anonymity. We have also produced the first implementations of Schoenmakers' Publicly Verifiable Secret Sharing scheme (PVSS) in Python that we are aware of. Schoenmakers' PVSS is a crucial component of PAPR Credentials. Our results show how the computational load changes with different sets of system parameters and how the system parameters are key to determining both revocation delay and revocation failure.
Insulin receptor substrate 1 may play divergent roles in human colorectal cancer development and progression (2020)

This study suggests that IRS-1 is co-expressed with both pro- and antiapoptotic markers and all these proteins are more prevalent in more differentiated CRC than in poorly differentiated CRC.
Purification, structure, and properties of hybrid beta-galactosidase proteins. (1983)

Structural studies are reported on seven hybrid proteins produced by gene fusions that contain a "foreign" amino acid sequence substituting for part of the NH2-terminal region of the beta-galactosidase polypeptide. All of these hybrid proteins retain beta-galactosidase enzyme activity. A simple and rapid purification scheme for the hybrid beta-galactosidase is described, involving ammonium sulfate fractionation, DEAE-Bio-Gel, and Bio-Gel A-1.5 chromatography. The proteins are tetramers and have activity equivalent to that of wild type enzyme. Their amino acid sequences were determined by isolation and sequence determination of the cyanogen bromide peptide containing the joining site. The subunit sizes vary from 1009 to 1355 residues compared to 1023 for wild type. Up to 26 amino acid residues at the NH2 terminus of beta-galactosidase can be substituted by the new sequence. The nature of the new sequence apparently has no influence on stability or activity of the hybrid, but those hybrids with more of the beta-galactosidase sequence deleted are less stable to heat or urea treatment and tend to dissociate to dimeric form. All hybrids are less stable to heat and urea than wild type. Antipeptide antibodies raised against peptides derived from the NH2-terminal region of wild type beta-galactosidase were found to bind to the hybrid proteins, although they do not bind to the normal enzyme. These results indicate that the quaternary structure is disturbed but not disrupted by substitution of the different sequence, and these results help to localize one of the intersubunit contact regions in beta-galactosidase.
Molecular Engineering of an Alkaline Naphthoquinone Flow Battery (2019)

Aqueous organic redox\nflow batteries (AORFBs) have recently gained\nsignificant attention as a potential candidate for grid-scale electrical\nenergy storage. Successful implementation of this technology will\nrequire redox-active organic molecules with many desired properties.\nHere we introduce a naphthoquinone dimer, bislawsone, as the redox-active\nmaterial in a negative potential electrolyte (negolyte) for an AORFB.\nThis dimerization strategy substantially improves the performance\nof the electrolyte versus that of the lawsone monomer in terms of\nsolubility, stability, reversible capacity, permeability, and cell\nvoltage. An AORFB pairing bislawsone with a ferri/ferrocyanide positive\nelectrolyte delivers an open-circuit voltage of 1.05 V and cycles\nat a current density of 300 mA/cm&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; with a negolyte concentration\nof 2 M electrons in alkaline solution. We determined the degradation\nmechanism for the naphthoquinone-based electrolyte using chemical\nanalysis and predicted theoretically electrolytes based on naphthoquinones\nthat will be even more stable.
Factors Influencing the Ball Milling of Si3N4 in Water (2008)

A statistical study of the ball milling of Si3N4 powder in Si3N4 hardware was undertaken to understand how the resulting increase in specific surface area is related to solids loading and mill speed. An attempt to optimize milling conditions was also made. The degree of comminution was more dependent upon solids loading than mill speed. A practical grinding limit between 0.5 and 0.75 μm was achieved in 144 h, independent of solids loading. Ball mill wear and media wear were independent of both solids loading and mill speed.
Gastric Adenocarcinomas Express the Glycosphingolipid Gb3/CD77: Targeting of Gastric Cancer Cells with Shiga Toxin B-Subunit (2016)

The B-subunit of the bacterial Shiga toxin (STxB), which is nontoxic and has low immunogenicity, can be used for tumor targeting of breast, colon, and pancreatic cancer. Here, we tested whether human gastric cancers, which are among the most aggressive tumor entities, express the cellular receptor of Shiga toxin, the glycosphingolipid globotriaosylceramide (Gb3/CD77). The majority of cases showed an extensive staining for Gb3 (36/50 cases, 72%), as evidenced on tissue sections of surgically resected specimen. Gb3 expression was detected independent of type (diffuse/intestinal), and was negatively correlated to increasing tumor-node-metastasis stages (P = 0.0385), as well as with markers for senescence. Gb3 expression in nondiseased gastric mucosa was restricted to chief and parietal cells at the bottom of the gastric glands, and was not elevated in endoscopic samples of gastritis (n = 10). Gb3 expression in established cell lines of gastric carcinoma was heterogeneous, with 6 of 10 lines being positive, evidenced by flow cytometry. STxB was taken up rapidly by live Gb3-positive gastric cancer cells, following the intracellular retrograde transport route, avoiding lysosomes and rapidly reaching the Golgi apparatus and the endoplasmic reticulum. Treatment of the Gb3-expressing gastric carcinoma cell line St3051 with STxB coupled to SN38, the active metabolite of the topoisomerase type I inhibitor irinotecan, resulted in >100-fold increased cytotoxicity, as compared with irinotecan alone. No cytotoxicity was observed on gastric cancer cell lines lacking Gb3 expression, demonstrating receptor specificity of the STxB-SN38 compound. Thus, STxB is a highly specific transport vehicle for cytotoxic agents in gastric carcinoma. Mol Cancer Ther; 15(5); 1008-17. ©2016 AACR.
Learning Higher-Order Dynamics in Video-Based Cardiac Measurement (2021)

Computer vision methods typically optimize for first-order dynamics (e.g., optical flow). However, in many cases the properties of interest are subtle variations in higher-order changes, such as acceleration. This is true in the cardiac pulse, where the second derivative can be used as an indicator of blood pressure and arterial disease. Recent developments in camera-based vital sign measurement have shown that cardiac measurements can be recovered with impressive accuracy from videos; however, most of the research has focused on extracting summary statistics such as heart rate. Less emphasis has been put on the accuracy of waveform morphology that is necessary for many clinically meaningful assessments. In this work, we provide evidence that higher-order dynamics are better estimated by neural models when explicitly optimized for in the loss function. Furthermore, adding second-derivative inputs also improves performance when estimating second-order dynamics. We illustrate this, by showing that incorporating the second derivative of both the input frames and the target vital sign signals into the training procedure, models are better able to estimate left ventricle ejection time (LVET) intervals.
Investigation of Primary Recovery in Tight Oil Formations: A Look at the Cardium Formation, Alberta (2011)

Abstract Tight oil formations (permeability &amp;lt;1 mD) in Western Canada have recently emerged as a reliable source of light oil supply owing to the use of multi-fractured horizontal wells. The Cardium Formation, which contains 25% of Alberta’s total discovered light oil (according to Alberta Energy Resources Conservation Board), consists of conventional and unconventional (low-permeability or tight) play areas. The conventional play areas have been developed since 1957. Contrarily, the development of unconventional play areas is relatively recent. The lag in development of the unconventional play is due to considerably poorer reservoir properties which increases the risk associated with capital investment. This in turn implies the need for a comprehensive and critical study of the area before planning any development strategy. This paper presents performance results from the low permeability portions of the Cardium Formation where new horizontal wells have been drilled and stimulated in multiple stages to promote transverse hydraulic fractures. Development of the tight Cardium Formation using primary recovery is considered. The production data of these wells was first matched using a black oil simulator. The calibrated model presented was used for performance perditions based on sensitivity studies and investigations that encompassed design factors such as well spacing, fracture properties, and operational constraints. These simulation sensitivities were used to make economic predictions to assist with optimal design. In conclusion, based on our simulation results, we provide the operators of the Cardium tight portion with some recommendations to optimize both short and long-term profit.
A peptide hormone required for Casparian strip diffusion barrier formation in Arabidopsis roots (2017)

Plants achieve mineral ion homeostasis by means of a hydrophobic barrier on endodermal cells called the Casparian strip, which restricts lateral diffusion of ions between the root vascular bundles and the soil. We identified a family of sulfated peptides required for contiguous Casparian strip formation in Arabidopsis roots. These peptide hormones, which we named Casparian strip integrity factor 1 (CIF1) and CIF2, are expressed in the root stele and specifically bind the endodermis-expressed leucine-rich repeat receptor kinase GASSHO1 (GSO1)/SCHENGEN3 and its homolog, GSO2. A mutant devoid of CIF peptides is defective in ion homeostasis in the xylem. CIF genes are environmentally responsive. Casparian strip regulation is not merely a passive process driven by root developmental cues; it also serves as an active strategy to cope with adverse soil conditions.