gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Vagus nerve stimulation inhibits cytokine production and attenuates disease severity in rheumatoid arthritis (2016)

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a heterogeneous, prevalent, chronic autoimmune disease characterized by painful swollen joints and significant disabilities. Symptomatic relief can be achieved in up to 50% of patients using biological agents that inhibit tumor necrosis factor (TNF) or other mechanisms of action, but there are no universally effective therapies. Recent advances in basic and preclinical science reveal that reflex neural circuits inhibit the production of cytokines and inflammation in animal models. One well-characterized cytokine-inhibiting mechanism, termed the "inflammatory reflex," is dependent upon vagus nerve signals that inhibit cytokine production and attenuate experimental arthritis severity in mice and rats. It previously was unknown whether directly stimulating the inflammatory reflex in humans inhibits TNF production. Here we show that an implantable vagus nerve-stimulating device in epilepsy patients inhibits peripheral blood production of TNF, IL-1β, and IL-6. Vagus nerve stimulation (up to four times daily) in RA patients significantly inhibited TNF production for up to 84 d. Moreover, RA disease severity, as measured by standardized clinical composite scores, improved significantly. Together, these results establish that vagus nerve stimulation targeting the inflammatory reflex modulates TNF production and reduces inflammation in humans. These findings suggest that it is possible to use mechanism-based neuromodulating devices in the experimental therapy of RA and possibly other autoimmune and autoinflammatory diseases.
Assembly process and sub-Doppler spectroscopy of end-capped photonic micro-cell (2020)

International audience
Prolonged-release nicotinic acid for the management of dyslipidemia: an update including results from the NAUTILUS study (2007)

Low HDL-cholesterol (<1.02 mmol/L [40 mg/dL] in men or <1.29 mmol/L [50 mg/dL] in women) occurs in about one-third of European patients with dyslipidemia and is an independent cardiovascular risk factor. Simultaneous correction of low HDL-cholesterol and high total-cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol may provide reductions in cardiovascular morbidity and mortality beyond those possible with statins alone. Nicotinic acid (niacin in the US) is the most effective means of increasing HDL-cholesterol available and has been shown to reduce cardiovascular event rates significantly. Niaspan (prolonged-release nicotinic acid) provides a convenient, once-daily means of administering nicotinic acid. Clinical studies with Niaspan have demonstrated marked, long-term increases in HDL-cholesterol with additional useful benefits on triglycerides, LDL-cholesterol, and lipid sub-profiles. The NAUTILUS study demonstrated the beneficial efficacy and tolerability profiles of Niaspan in a usual-care setting. The most common side-effect of Niaspan is flushing, which infrequently causes treatment discontinuation and which usually subsides over continued treatment. The ARBITER 2 and ARBITER 3 studies showed 1-2 years of treatment with Niaspan plus a statin induced regression of atherosclerosis in patients with coronary artery disease. The effect of Niaspan-statin treatment, relative to a statin alone, on clinical cardiovascular outcomes is currently under evaluation. Niaspan represents a practical means of correcting low HDL-cholesterol, an independent risk factor for adverse cardiovascular outcomes.
Medea: a tool for workload characterization of parallel systems (1995)

The Medea (MEasurements Description, Evaluation and Analysis) software tool provides a user-friendly environment for systematically applying workload characterization techniques to raw data produced by monitoring parallel programs. Medea's models are especially useful for program tuning and performance debugging, for testing alternative system configurations and for supporting benchmarking studies.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Multiple query optimization on the D-Wave 2X adiabatic quantum computer (2016)

The D-Wave adiabatic quantum annealer solves hard combinatorial optimization problems leveraging quantum physics. The newest version features over 1000 qubits and was released in August 2015. We were given access to such a machine, currently hosted at NASA Ames Research Center in California, to explore the potential for hard optimization problems that arise in the context of databases. In this paper, we tackle the problem of multiple query optimization (MQO). We show how an MQO problem instance can be transformed into a mathematical formula that complies with the restrictive input format accepted by the quantum annealer. This formula is translated into weights on and between qubits such that the configuration minimizing the input formula can be found via a process called adiabatic quantum annealing. We analyze the asymptotic growth rate of the number of required qubits in the MQO problem dimensions as the number of qubits is currently the main factor restricting applicability. We experimentally compare the performance of the quantum annealer against other MQO algorithms executed on a traditional computer. While the problem sizes that can be treated are currently limited, we already find a class of problem instances where the quantum annealer is three orders of magnitude faster than other approaches.
Improving Graph Generation by Restricting Graph Bandwidth (2023)

Deep graph generative modeling has proven capable of learning the distribution of complex, multi-scale structures characterizing real-world graphs. However, one of the main limitations of existing methods is their large output space, which limits generation scalability and hinders accurate modeling of the underlying distribution. To overcome these limitations, we propose a novel approach that significantly reduces the output space of existing graph generative models. Specifically, starting from the observation that many real-world graphs have low graph bandwidth, we restrict graph bandwidth during training and generation. Our strategy improves both generation scalability and quality without increasing architectural complexity or reducing expressiveness. Our approach is compatible with existing graph generative methods, and we describe its application to both autoregressive and one-shot models. We extensively validate our strategy on synthetic and real datasets, including molecular graphs. Our experiments show that, in addition to improving generation efficiency, our approach consistently improves generation quality and reconstruction accuracy. The implementation is made available.
Sedimentation and Actinomycin D Binding Studies of Partially Denatured Crab dAT* (1966)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSedimentation and Actinomycin D Binding Studies of Partially Denatured Crab dAT*Jack M. Widholm and James BonnerCite this: Biochemistry 1966, 5, 5, 1753–1759Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1966Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1966https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/bi00869a044https://doi.org/10.1021/bi00869a044research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views16Altmetric-Citations6LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
An estimate for the number of integers without large prime factors (2003)

$\Psi (x,y)$ denotes the number of positive integers $\leq x$ and free of prime factors $>y$. Hildebrand and Tenenbaum provided a good approximation of $\Psi (x,y)$. However, their method requires the solution $\alpha =\alpha (x,y)$ to the equation $\sum _{p \leq y} \log p/(p^{\alpha } - 1) = \log x$, and therefore it needs a large amount of time for the numerical solution of the above equation for large $y$. Hildebrand also showed $1-\xi _u/\log y$ approximates $\alpha$ for $1 \leq u \leq y/(2 \log y)$, where $u=(\log x)/\log y$ and $\xi _u$ is the unique solution to $e^{\xi _u}=1+ u\xi _u$. Let $E(i)$ be defined by $E(0)=\log u; E(i)=\log u+\log ( E(i-1)+1/u )$ for $i>0$. We show $E(m)$ approximates $\xi _u$, and $1-E(m)/\log y$ also approximates $\alpha$, where $m=\lceil (\log u+\log \log y)/\log \log u \rceil +1$. Using these approximations, we give a simple method which approximates $\Psi (x,y)$ within a factor $1+O(1/u+1/\log y)$ in the range $(\log \log x)^{5/3+\epsilon }<\log y<(\log x)/e$, where $\epsilon$ is any positive constant.
The histone H1 complements of dividing and nondividing cells of the mouse. (1983)

In liver, kidney, and lung of the mouse, two of the major H1 subtypes present at 1 week after birth, H1a and H1b, decline to nearly undetectable levels by 8-16 weeks, and a third subtype, H1d, also diminishes. The amounts of two other H1 subtypes, H1e and H1 degrees, increase markedly and that of another, H1c, also increases. The disappearance of H1a is almost complete by the age of 4 weeks, whereas the decline in H1b occurs largely between 4 and 16 weeks, when most cells are nondividing. A decline in H1a was observed also in cultured mouse embryo fibroblasts after they became quiescent. Furthermore, in the quiescent fibroblasts, the synthesis of H1a and H1b was preferentially reduced. In the thymus, newly formed nondividing cells have as much H1a and H1b as the dividing cells from which they are derived, but circulating lymphocytes have less H1a and H1b and more H1e, indicating that molecules of H1a and H1b are removed from chromatin, and H1e deposited, after cell division ceases. H1 degrees, however, is not present in thymocytes or peripheral blood lymphocytes. Our results indicate that 1) there are no tissue-specific H1 subtypes among the somatic tissues examined; 2) H1a and H1b are synthesized in large amounts only in dividing cells, whereas H1c, H1d, and H1e are synthesized in both dividing and nondividing cells; 3) different H1 subtypes are degraded at different rates in nondividing cells; and 4) H1e always, and H1 degrees sometimes, accumulates in nondividing somatic cells. We conclude that alterations of the H1 composition of chromatin are a general feature of nondividing cell formation; that such alterations are made, in large part, after the nondividing cells are formed and are accomplished both by changes in the pattern of synthesis of the various H1 subtypes and by differential loss of subtypes; and that each H1 subtype differs from the others in some or all of the properties that we have examined, supporting the idea that the individual H1 subtypes differ from each other in some of their functions.
The role of the density profile in the ASDEX-Upgrade pedestal structure (2016)

Experimental evidence for the impact of a region of high density localised in the high-field side scrape-off layer (the HFSHD) on plasma confinement is shown in various dedicated experiments on ASDEX Upgrade (AUG). Increasing main ion fuelling is shown to increase the separatrix density and shift the density profile outwards. Predictive pedestal modelling of this shift indicates a 25% decrease in the attainable pedestal top pressure, which compares well with experimental observations in the gas scan. Since the HFSHD can be mitigated by applying nitrogen seeding, a combined scan in fuelling rate, heating power, and nitrogen seeding is presented. Significant increases in the achievable pedestal top pressure are observed with seeding, in particular at high heating powers, and are correlated with inward shifted density profiles and a reduction of the HFSHD and separatrix density. Interpretive linear stability analysis also confirms the impact of a radially shifted pressure profile on peeling-ballooning stability, with an inward shift allowing access to higher pressure gradients and pedestal widths.
Histological subclassification of cirrhosis based on histological–haemodynamic correlation (2008)

Small nodularity and thick septa are independent predictors of the presence of clinically significant portal hypertension.
Role of Glycoprotein V in the Formation of the Platelet High-Affinity Thrombin-Binding Site (1997)

The glycoprotein (GP) Ib-IX-V complex contains a high-affinity binding site for thrombin on the platelet surface with a poorly defined role in platelet activation by this agonist. Four polypeptides comprise the complex: GP Ib alpha, GP Ib beta, GP IX, and GP V. The site within the complex that binds thrombin has been localized to a 45-kD region at the amino terminus of GP Ib alpha, which also contains the site through which the complex interacts with von Willebrand factor. A GP Ib-IX complex that lacks GP V can be efficiently expressed on the surface of transfected cells. We examined the ability of L cells expressing the GP Ib-IX complex (L2H cells) to bind thrombin at high affinity, and found no increase over the level of thrombin binding to control L cells. Because it is one of the few substrates for thrombin on the platelet surface, GP V has also been implicated as possibly participating in thrombin's actions on the platelet. To examine the role of GP V in forming the high-affinity thrombin-binding site, we compared the binding of thrombin to L2H cells versus cells that express the entire GP Ib-IX-V complex (L2H/V cells). Surface expression of GP Ib alpha was equivalent in these two stable cell lines. Thrombin binding to L2H/V cells was detectable at 0.25 nmol/L thrombin and reached a plateau at 1 nmol/L. No binding to L2H cells was detectable at these concentrations. Comparable results were obtained when thrombin binding to L2H cells transiently expressing GP V was compared with its binding to sham-transfected L2H cells. Again, only cells transiently expressing GP V bound thrombin specifically. As with the platelet polypeptide, thrombin cleaved GP V from the surface of L2H/V cells. To test whether GP V cleavage was required for enhancing thrombin binding to the complex, we tested the binding of enzymatically inactive D-phenylalanyl-L-prolyl-L-arginine chloromethylketone (PPACK)-thrombin to L2H and L2H/V cells. Like native thrombin, PPACK-thrombin at 1 nmol/L bound only to L2H/V cells, indicating that GP V cleavage is not a prerequisite for the formation of the high-affinity thrombin receptor. These data provide the first indication of a physiologic function for GP V, and suggest that formation of the high-affinity thrombin receptor on the platelet surface has complex allosteric requirements.
Quaternary Ammonium Compounds. III. Antiacetylcholinesterase Activity and Charge Distribution in Aromatic Quaternary Ammonium Compounds (1963)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTQuaternary Ammonium Compounds. III. Antiacetylcholinesterase Activity and Charge Distribution in Aromatic Quaternary Ammonium CompoundsJ. Thomas and W. MarlowCite this: J. Med. Chem. 1963, 6, 2, 107–111Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1963Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1963https://doi.org/10.1021/jm00338a005RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views226Altmetric-Citations13LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (601 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A noise-robust ASR back-end technique based on weighted viterbi recognition (2003)

The performance of speech recognition systems trained in quiet degrades signicantly under noisy conditions. To address this problem, a Weighted Viterbi Recognition (WVR) algorithm that is a function of the SNR of each speech frame is proposed. Acoustic models trained on clean data, and the acoustic front-end features are kept unchanged in this approach. Instead, a condence/rob ustness factor is assigned to the output observation probability of each speech frame according to its SNR estimate during the Viterbi decoding stage. Comparative experiments are conducted with Weighted Viterbi Recognition with different front-end features such as MFCC, LPCC and PLP. Results show consistent improvements with all three feature vectors. For a reasonable size of adaptation data, WVR outperforms environment adaptation using MLLR.
Calcium-Channel Drugs (1991)

Calcium channels are ubiquitously distributed in excitable cells. The calcium-channel antagonists interact specifically at the L subclass of channels to mediate cardiovascular effects. These channels may be considered as pharmacologic receptors with specific drug binding sites and subject to a variety of regulatory influences. Each site is specific for agents of the three principal structural classes--the phenylalkylamines, the 1,4-dihydropyridines, and the benzothiazepines--and each exhibits defined structure-activity relationships. The 1,4-dihydropyridine structure exhibits both potent antagonistic and activator properties. The calcium channel antagonists exhibit considerable selectivity of action in the cardiovascular system, both between and within structural groups. This selectivity has a variety of causes including voltage dependence of the interaction, whereby the apparent affinity of the antagonist is determined by the membrane potential and stimulus pattern. Experimental evidence underlying the structure-activity relationships and the voltage-dependent behavior of 1,4-dihydropyridines is reviewed.
Growth and electric field-enhanced properties of SBN (1989)

Recent development of a computer-controlled Czochralski crystal growth system at Stanford University has allowed us to produce large single-crystal Sr 0.6 Ba 0.4 Nb 2 O 6 boules. Since this material is grown in a solid solution, striations are normally present and difficult to suppress. We discuss the nature of the striations and a simple scattering measurement that provides quantitative information about the degree of compositional variation in our samples. The results show that the effect of striations on laser beam propagation is negligible over a wide range of input angles.
Effect of Hemodialysis on Intraocular Pressure (1984)

Intraocular pressure (IOP) was determined in 13 dialysis patients before, during, and after dialysis. The values were compared with those obtained in an age-, sex-, and time-matched normal control group. The IOP values obtained in dialysis patients were significantly lower than those in the control group. An insignificant decrease in IOP was noted during the first 2 h of dialysis. This was followed by a slight rise above the base line by the end of dialysis. Although the middialysis IOP was significantly lower than the postdialysis value, the latter was not significantly different from the predialysis value. Our results are at variance with several earlier studies demonstrating marked increase in IOP during dialysis. Lack of significant rise in IOP during dialysis in our study seems to be due to improved dialytic technique and better uremia control employed here as compared with the earlier studies.
Structure‐based studies on the metal binding of two‐metal‐dependent sugar isomerases (2014)

BHRI and BHRI bind by x-ray crystallography (View interaction).
Differential Effects of Glucose and Glyburide on Energetics and Na+ Levels of βHC9 Cells (2003)

In the present study, noninvasive (31)P and (23)Na(+)-nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) technology and respirometry were used to compare the effect of high glucose (30 mmol/l) with the effect of the antidiabetic sulfonylurea (SU) compound glyburide (GLY) on energy metabolism, Na(+) flux, insulin, and cAMP release of continuously superfused beta-HC9 cells encapsulated in microscopic agarose beads. Both high glucose and GLY increased oxygen consumption in beta-HC9 cells (15-30%) with a maximal effect at 8 mmol/l for glucose and at 250 nmol/l for GLY. At the same time, insulin release from beta-cells increased by 15- and 25-fold with high glucose or GLY, respectively. The P-creatine (PCr) level was greatly increased and inorganic phosphate (P(i)) was decreased with 30 mmol/l glucose in contrast to the decreased level of PCr and increased P(i) with GLY. ATP levels remained unchanged during both interventions. Studies on isolated mitochondria of beta-HC9 cells showed that GLY added to mitochondria oxidizing glutamine or glutamate abolished the stimulation of respiration by ADP (state 3) meanwhile leaving state 3 respiration unchanged during oxidation of other substrates. Exposure of beta-HC9 cells to 5 mmol/l glucose decreased intracellular Na(+) levels monitored by (23)Na(+)-NMR spectroscopy and 30 mmol/l glucose resulted in a further decrease in cytosolic Na(+). In contrast, Na(+) increased when 1 micro mol/l GLY was added to the perfusate containing 5 mmol/l glucose. These data support the hypothesis that glucose activates the beta-cell through a "push mechanism" due to substrate pressure enhancing fuel flux, energy production, and extrusion of Na(+) from the cells in contrast to SU receptor (SUR)-1 inhibitors, which may modify intermediary and energy metabolism secondarily through a "pull mechanism" due to higher energy demand resulting from increased ion fluxes and the exocytotic work load.
Defect-GAN: High-Fidelity Defect Synthesis for Automated Defect Inspection (2021)

Automated defect inspection is critical for effective and efficient maintenance, repair, and operations in advanced manufacturing. On the other hand, automated defect inspection is often constrained by the lack of defect samples, especially when we adopt deep neural networks for this task. This paper presents Defect-GAN, an automated defect synthesis network that generates realistic and diverse defect samples for training accurate and robust defect inspection networks. Defect-GAN learns through defacement and restoration processes, where the defacement generates defects on normal surface images while the restoration removes defects to generate normal images. It employs a novel compositional layer-based architecture for generating realistic defects within various image backgrounds with different textures and appearances. It can also mimic the stochastic variations of defects and offer flexible control over the locations and categories of the generated defects within the image background. Extensive experiments show that Defect-GAN is capable of synthesizing various defects with superior diversity and fidelity. In addition, the synthesized defect samples demonstrate their effectiveness in training better defect inspection networks.