gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Increased Protein Stability Causes DNA Methyltransferase 1 Dysregulation in Breast Cancer (2005)

We report that DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1) expression is dysregulated in breast cancer. The elevated protein levels are not a result of increased mRNA levels, but rather an increase in protein half-life. We found that DNMT1 protein levels were elevated in breast cancer tissues and in MCF-7 breast cancer cells relative to normal human mammary epithelial cells (HMECs) without a concomitant increase in DNMT1 mRNA or proliferative fraction. Although DNMT1 mRNA levels were properly S-phase-regulated in both cell types, DNMT1 protein levels did not follow S-phase fraction in MCF-7 cells. Rather, an increase in DNMT1 protein stability was found for MCF-7 cells relative to HMECs, and a destruction domain was mapped to the N-terminal 120 amino acids of DNMT1, which was required for its proper ubiquitination and degradation in HMECs. Furthermore, overexpression of DNMT1 with this deleted destruction domain in HMECs resulted in significantly increased genomic 5-methylcytosine levels relative to overexpression of the full-length protein. The regulation of DNMT1 destruction via this domain may be dysfunctional in cancer cells leading to subsequent cytosine hypermethylation in the genome.
Greensporone A, a Fungal Secondary Metabolite Suppressed Constitutively Activated AKT via ROS Generation and Induced Apoptosis in Leukemic Cell Lines (2019)

Greensporone A is a fungal secondary metabolite that has exhibited potential in vitro for anti-proliferative activity in vitro. We studied the anticancer activity of greensporone A in a panel of leukemic cell lines. Greensporone A-mediated inhibition of proliferation is found to be associated with the induction of apoptotic cell death. Greensporone A treatment of leukemic cells causes inactivation of constitutively activated AKT and its downstream targets, including members GSK3 and FOXO1, and causes downregulation of antiapoptotic genes such as Inhibitor of Apoptosis (IAPs) and Bcl-2. Furthermore, Bax, a proapoptotic member of the Bcl-2 family, was found to be upregulated in leukemic cell lines treated with greensporone A. Interestingly, gene silencing of AKT using AKT specific siRNA suppressed the expression of Bcl-2 with enhanced expression of Bax. Greensporone A-mediated increase in Bax/Bcl-2 ratio causes permeabilization of the mitochondrial membrane leading to the accumulation of cytochrome c in the cytoplasm. Greensporone A-induced cytochrome c accumulation causes the activation of caspase cascade and cleavage of its effector, poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP), leading to apoptosis. Greensporone A-mediated apoptosis in leukemic cells occurs through the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) due to depletion of glutathione (GSH) levels. Finally, greensporone A potentiated the anticancer activity of imatinib in leukemic cells. In summary, our study showed that greensporone A suppressed the growth of leukemic cells via induction of apoptotic cell death. The apoptotic cell death occurs by inhibition of AKT signaling and activation of the intrinsic apoptotic/caspase pathways. These results raise the possibility that greensporone A could be developed as a therapeutic agent for the treatment of leukemia and other hematological malignancies.
Association of the Vitamin D Metabolism Gene CYP27B1 With Type 1 Diabetes (2007)

The present data provide evidence that common inherited variation in the vitamin D metabolism affects susceptibility to type 1 diabetes.
Nedd4.1-mediated ubiquitination and subsequent recruitment of Tsg101 ensure HTLV-1 Gag trafficking towards the multivesicular body pathway prior to virus budding (2004)

One of the most exciting recent developments in the field of retroviruses is the finding that their Gag proteins hijack cellular proteins from the mutivesicular body (MVB) pathway during the budding process. The Gag proteins of oncoretroviruses possess a PPxY motif that recruits a ubiquitin ligase from the Nedd4 family, whereas those of the human immunodeficiency virus interact through a PTAP motif with Tsg101, a protein of the ESCRT-1 complex. It is currently assumed that Nedd4 and Tsg101 represent equivalent entry gates towards the same cellular process leading to budding, and that both partners are recruited to the plasma membrane where viral budding occurs. However, we report here that the budding of the human oncoretrovirus HTLV-1, the Gag proteins of which possess tandem PPPY/PTAP motifs, requires both Nedd4 and Tsg101. We show that Nedd4.1, but not Nedd4.2, is recruited by the PPPY motif of Gag and subsequently catalyzes Gag ubiquitination. We also demonstrate that Gag interacts first with Nedd4.1 at the plasma membrane and then with Tsg101 in late endosomes/MVBs. Consistently, we found that HTLV-1 particles mutated in the PPPY motif remain underneath the plasma membrane, blocked at an early step of the budding process, whereas PTAP-mutated viruses accumulate in intracellular vesicles, blocked at a later step. Our findings indicate that Nedd4.1 and Tsg101 act successively in the assembly process of HTLV-1 to ensure proper Gag trafficking through the endocytic pathway up to late endosomes where the late steps of retroviral release occur.
Industrial carbon dioxide capture and utilization: state of the art and future challenges (2020)

Dramatically increased CO<sub>2</sub> concentration from several point sources is perceived to cause severe greenhouse effect towards the serious ongoing global warming with associated climate destabilization, inducing undesirable natural calamities, melting of glaciers, and extreme weather patterns. CO<sub>2</sub> capture and utilization (CCU) has received tremendous attention due to its significant role in intensifying global warming. Considering the lack of a timely review on the state-of-the-art progress of promising CCU techniques, developing an appropriate and prompt summary of such advanced techniques with a comprehensive understanding is necessary. Thus, it is imperative to provide a timely review, given the fast growth of sophisticated CO<sub>2</sub> capture and utilization materials and their implementation. In this work, we critically summarized and comprehensively reviewed the characteristics and performance of both liquid and solid CO<sub>2</sub> adsorbents with possible schemes for the improvement of their CO<sub>2</sub> capture ability and advances in CO<sub>2</sub> utilization. Their industrial applications in pre- and post-combustion CO<sub>2</sub> capture as well as utilization were systematically discussed and compared. With our great effort, this review would be of significant importance for academic researchers for obtaining an overall understanding of the current developments and future trends of CCU. This work is bound to benefit researchers in fields relating to CCU and facilitate the progress of significant breakthroughs in both fundamental research and commercial applications to deliver perspective views for future scientific and industrial advances in CCU.
Dynamics of hepatitis C virus infection (2002)

Viremia shows only minor fluctuations in untreated patients chronically infected with hepatitis C virus. The steady state situation of balanced viral production and clearance in untreated patients can be disturbed by active antiviral treatment. After initiating interferon- alpha therapy, a typical biphasic decline of viremia can be observed and analyzed. Evaluation of mathematical models of viral dynamics during the initial phase of antiviral treatment shows high turnover rates of pre-treatment viral production and clearance of about 10(11) -10(13) virions each day and in-vivo half-lives of a few hours for free hepatitis C virions. During the first 24 to 48 hours of therapy, a dose-dependent first phase of interferon-alpha induced viral kinetics is characterized by a rapid exponential decline of serum viral load. Then viral decline enters a second phase of a relatively slow exponential decay during the following weeks of therapy which mainly reflects the death rate of infected hepatocytes. This second phase decay is predictive for the virologic end-of-treatment and even more the sustained response. Non-responding patients typically show constant viremia or even a rebound during this second phase.
Reconstruction of Axisymmetric Temperature and Gas Concentration Distributions by Combining Fan-Beam TDLAS With Onion-Peeling Deconvolution (2014)

Fan-beam tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy (TDLAS) system was combined with onion-peeling deconvolution to reconstruct axisymmetric temperature and gas concentration distributions. The fan-beam TDLAS system consists of two tunable distributed feedback diode lasers at 7185.597 and 7444.36 cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-1</sup> , a cylindrical lens and multiple photodiode detectors in a linear detector array. When a well-collimated laser beam penetrates through a cylindrical lens, a fan-beam laser was formed. Then, the fan-beam laser penetrates through the target region and is detected by the photodiode detectors in the detector array. After transforming the fan-beam geometry to equivalent parallel-beam geometry, axisymmetric temperature and gas concentration distributions can be reconstructed using the onion-peeling deconvolution. To obtain the reconstruction results with higher accuracy, a revised Tikhonov regularization method was adopted in the onion-peeling deconvolution. In this paper, numerical simulation and experimental verification were carried out to validate the feasibility of the proposed methods. The results show that the proposed methods can be used to on-line monitor the axisymmetric temperature and gas concentration distributions with higher accuracy and robustness in combustion diagnosis.
Targeting EGFR and HER‐2 Receptor Tyrosine Kinases for Cancer Drug Discovery and Development (2006)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Characterization of a Methanogenic Community within an Algal Fed Anaerobic Digester (2012)

The microbial diversity and metabolic potential of a methanogenic consortium residing in a 3785-liter anaerobic digester, fed with wastewater algae, was analyzed using 454 pyrosequencing technology. DNA was extracted from anaerobic sludge material and used in metagenomic analysis through PCR amplification of the methyl-coenzyme M reductase α subunit (mcrA) gene using primer sets ML, MCR, and ME. The majority of annotated mcrA sequences were assigned taxonomically to the genera Methanosaeta in the order Methanosarcinales. Methanogens from the genus Methanosaeta are obligate acetotrophs, suggesting this genus plays a dominant role in methane production from the analyzed fermentation sample. Numerous analyzed sequences within the algae fed anaerobic digester were unclassified and could not be assigned taxonomically. Relative amplicon frequencies were determined for each primer set to determine the utility of each in pyrosequencing. Primer sets ML and MCR performed better quantitatively (representing the large majority of analyzed sequences) than primer set ME. However, each of these primer sets was shown to provide a quantitatively unique community structure, and thus they are of equal importance in mcrA metagenomic analysis.
Modeling of agglomeration in a fluidized bed (1988)

A fluidized bed containing a central jet was operated with low-temperature melting materials to obtain the rate of agglomeration as well as to measure the temperature distribution within the fluidized bed. The rate of agglomeration was obtained as a function of operating parameters such as temperature and velocity. The agglomeration rate defined, as the rate of change in the number of particles of a particular size, was determined from the particle population balance using the experimental data. The agglomeration model developed to predict the agglomeration rate constant based on the temperature distribution in the fluidized bed and the rate of entrainment of particles into the jet yielded values for the rate constants similar to the experimental values.
Causal binary mask estimation for speech enhancement using sparsity constraints (2013)

While most single-channel noise reduction algorithms fail to improve speech intelligibility, the ideal binary mask (IBM) has demonstrated substantial intelligibility improvements for both normal- and impaired-hearing listeners. However, this approach exploits oracle knowledge of the target and interferer signals to preserve only the time-frequency regions that are target-dominated. Single-channel noise suppression algorithms trying to approximate the IBM using locally estimated signal-to-noise ratios without oracle knowledge have had limited success. Thought of in another way, the IBM exploits the disjoint placement of the target and interferer in time and frequency to create a time-frequency signal representation that is more sparse (i.e., has fewer non-zeros). In recent work (submitted to ICASSP 2013) we have introduced a novel time-frequency masking algorithm based on a sparse approximation algorithm from the signal processing literature. However, the algorithm employs a non-causal estimator. The present work introduces an improved de-noising algorithm that uses more realistic frame-based (causal) computations to estimate a binary mask.
Outcomes of Three Patients With Intracranially Invasive Sino-orbital Aspergillosis (2007)

Invasive sino-orbital aspergillosis with intracranial invasion often may resemble inflammatory conditions. Early diagnosis and surgical intervention are required to improve vision and survival. Repeated biopsies often are necessary to rule out fungal sinus infection before considering steroid use, especially in diabetic patients.
Radix 16 SRT dividers with overlapped quotient selection stages: A 225 nanosecond double precision divider for the S-1 Mark IIB (1985)

This paper compares the three simplest SRT division methods by using them to design a divider that produces four quotient bits per cycle (radix 16). The three methods are distinguished by the number of bits found per stage of quotient selection logic: (a) one bit per stage (radix 2) with quotient digits chosen from the set {−1, 0, 1} (b) two bits per stage (radix 4) with quotient digits {−2, −1, 0, 1, 2}, or (c) two bits per stage (radix 4) with quotient digits {−3, −2, −1, 0, 1, 2, 3}. For each method, we compare several ways to overlap multiple stages of quotient selection logic and we consider both irredundant and redundant (carry-save) representations for the remainder. The cost and performance of each alternative is evaluated in terms a specific ECL gate array technology. We find that we can build a 15% faster divider with radix four stages than with radix two stages, for about the same amount of hardware. Between the two radix 4 alternatives, method (c) offers 5% more speed than method (b) at the cost of 20% more hardware. A radix 16 divider using method (b) has been built for the S-1 Mark IIB computer under development at Lawrence Livermore Laboratory. This divider consists of eight ECL gate arrays and has a 12.5 nanosecond cycle time. It performs IEEE single and double precision floating point division in 150 and 225 nanoseconds, respectively, the shortest times reported for any general purpose computer.
ChemInform Abstract: The Use of o‐Nitroarylacetonitriles in the Mitsunobu Reaction: Mechanistic Implications and Synthetic Applications. (1993)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
CCDC 211934: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination (2003)

An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world’s repository for small molecule crystal structures. The entry contains experimental data from a crystal diffraction study. The deposited dataset for this entry is freely available from the CCDC and typically includes 3D coordinates, cell parameters, space group, experimental conditions and quality measures.
Sifat Terma dan Kerintangan Api Poliuretana Berasaskan Minyak Isirung Sawit dan Minyak Kacang Soya (Thermal and Fire Resistant Properties of Palm Kernel Oil and Soybean Oil-Based Polyurethanes) (2010)

ABSTRAK Sifat terma dan pembakaran busa poliuretana minyak isirung sawit dan minyak soya dibandingkan. Monoester berkumpulan hujung hidroksil dihasilkan melalui tindak balas minyak isirung sawit (PKO) dan minyak kacang soya (SBO) dengan sebatian polihidrik yang mengandungi dietanolamina/etilena glikol dan mangkin kalium asetat. Tindak balas esterifikasi dan kondensasi ini dijalankan dengan nisbah minyak sayuran kepada sebatian polihidrik adalah 80:20. Monoester ini kemudiannya ditindakbalaskan dengan 2,4-difenilmetana diisosianat untuk menghasilkan poliuretana melalui tindak balas pempolimeran penambahan. Sifat termanya dibandingkan melalui analisis kalorimetri imbasan kebezaan (DSC), analisis termogravimetri (TGA), bom kalorimetri, ujian kestabilan dimensi dan ujian kerintangan api. Busa poliuretana SBO mempunyai nilai entalpi yang rendah daripada busa poliuretana PKO iaitu 7151 kal.g -1 berbanding 7223 kal.g -1 manakala analisis TGA menunjukkan peratus kehilangan jisim busa poliuretana SBO yang rendah (91.0%) berbanding busa poliuretana PKO (92.3%) dengan suhu kestabilan T stabil adalah masing-masing 196°C dan 198°C. Kadar kebakaran busa poliuretana SBO ialah 0.6-1.2 mm.s -1 , rendah daripada kadar kebakaran busa poliuretana PKO iaitu 1.1-1.6 mm.s -1 . Menerusi ujian kestabilan dimensi, didapati nilai pengecutan dan pengembangan busa poliuretana SBO adalah kurang daripada busa poliuretana PKO. Kata kunci: Entalpi; minyak isirung sawit; minyak kacang soya; poliuretana
An MMI-based Tunable Laser for Integrated Photonic Circuits (2018)

A single mode, tunable semiconductor laser is presented for the L band. This facetless, regrowth-free laser shows a tuning range extending from 1564nm to 1611nm, with side-mode suppression ratio values over 30dB.
Nanostructured Pt-γ-Al2O3-CeO2 catalytic materials and coatings (2007)

A new process is described for the suspension synthesis of polycrystalline Pt-γ-Al2O3-CeO2 catalytic materials and coatings, with maltose, C12H22O11, as a reductant and structure former. The process parameters have been optimized in terms of the dispersion medium composition and the way in which Pt is introduced. The coatings are highly uniform in chemical and phase composition, as evidenced by quantitative analysis, optical microscopy, and x-ray microanalysis results. Characteristically, the coatings have a highly porous structure and good adhesive properties. Catalysts prepared by the proposed process show high activity for the oxygen oxidation of CO. The process can be used to fabricate Pt-Pd-Rh catalysts on block supports for the purification of vehicle exhaust gases and industrial off-gases. It has the advantage that high-porosity multicomponent catalytic coatings can be produced on cordierite block supports in a single step.
Recent trends in the tuning of polymersomes’ membrane properties (2011)

"Polymersomes" are vesicular structures made from the self-assembly of block copolymers. Such structures present outstanding interest for different applications such as micro- or nano-reactor, drug release or can simply be used as tool for understanding basic biological mechanisms. The use of polymersomes in such applications is strongly related to the way their membrane properties are controlled and tuned either by a precise molecular design of the constituting block or by addition of specific components inside the membrane (formulation approaches). Typical membrane properties of polymersomes obtained from the self-assembly of "coil coil" block copolymer since the end of the nineties will be first briefly reviewed and compared to those of their lipidic analogues, named liposomes. Therefore the different approaches able to modulate their permeability, mechanical properties or ability to release loaded drugs, using macromolecular engineering or formulations, are detailed. To conclude, the most recent advances to modulate the polymersomes' properties and systems that appear very promising especially for biomedical application or for the development of complex and bio-mimetic structures are presented.
Soliton-self-frequency-shift effects and pulse compression in an anomalously dispersive high nonlinearity lead silicate holey fiber (2003)

We report the fabrication of a single-mode lead silicate glass holey fiber with anomalous dispersion and a record nonlinearity of /spl gamma/=640 W/sup -1/km/sup -1/ at 1550nm. We report what we believe to be the first soliton and pulse compression experiments in this new class of fibers.
Cellular effects of deoxynojirimycin analogues: uptake, retention and inhibition of glycosphingolipid biosynthesis (2004)

Deoxynojirimycin (DNJ) analogues are inhibitors of ceramide glucosyltransferase (CGT), which catalyses the first step in the glucosphingolipid (GSL) biosynthetic pathway. We have synthesized a series of DNJ analogues to study the contribution of N-alk(en)yl side chains (C4, C9 or C18) to the behaviour of these analogues in cultured HL60 cells. When cells were treated for 16 h at non-cytotoxic concentrations of inhibitor, a 40-50% decrease in GSL levels was measured by HPLC analysis of GSL-derived oligosaccharides following ceramide glycanase digestion of GSL and 2-aminobenzamide labelling of the released oligosaccharides. Using a novel technique for short-term [14C]galactose labelling of cellular GSL, we used compound inhibition of GSL biosynthesis as a marker for compound uptake into cells. Surprisingly, the uptake of all three of the DNJ analogues was extremely rapid and was not dependent upon the length of the N-alk(en)yl moiety. Compound uptake occurred in less than 1 min, as shown by the complete inhibition of GSL labelling in cells treated with all the DNJ analogues. Greatly increased cellular retention of N-cis-13-octadecenyl-DNJ was observed relative to the shorter-chain compounds, N-butyl-DNJ and N-nonyl-DNJ, as indicated by complete inhibition of CGT 24 h after removal of inhibitor from the culture medium. The present study further characterizes the properties of N-alk(en)ylated DNJs, and demonstrates that increasing the length of the side chain is a simple way of improving imino sugar retention and therefore inhibitory efficacy for CGT in cultured cells.
Normal and Self-Dual Normal Bases from Factorization of $cx^{q + 1} + dx^q - ax - b$ (1994)

The present paper is interested in a family of normal bases, considered by Sidel’nikov [Math. USSR-Sb., 61 (1988), pp. 485–494], with the property that all the elements in a basis can be obtained from one element by repeatedly applying to it a linear fractional function of the form $\varphi ( x ) = ( ax + b )/( cx + d ),a,b,c,d \in F_q $. Sidel’nikov proved that the products for such a basis $\{ \alpha _i \}$ are of the form $\alpha _i \alpha _j = e_{i - j} \alpha _i + e_{j - i} \alpha _j + \gamma ,i = j$, where $e_k ,\gamma \in F_q $. It is shown that every such basis can be formed by the roots of an irreducible factor of $F( x ) = cx^{q + 1} + dx^q - ax - b$. The following are constructed: (a) a normal basis of $F_{q^n } $ over $F_q $ with complexity at most $3n - 2$ for each divisor n of $q - 1$ and for $n = p$, where p is the characteristic of $F_q$; (b) a self-dual normal basis of $F_{q^n } $ over $F_q $ for $n = p$ and for each odd divisor n of $q - 1$ or $q + 1$. When $n = p$, the self-dual normal basis constructed of $F_{q^p } $ over $F_q$ also has complexity at most $3p - 2$. In all cases, the irreducible polynomials and the multiplication tables are given explicitly.