gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effects of Solute Carbon and Nitrogen on Room Temperature Creep of Austenitic Stainless Steels (1995)

Creep behavior at room temperature has been investigated for austenitic stainless steels (18%Cr-14%Ni) with different contents of dissolved carbon and nitrogen. Creep strains of all the specimens satisfied a logarithmic creep law. Though the additions of both carbon and nitrogen increased the proof stress, the effects on the creep behavior were different between them. Comparing the creep strain at the normalized stress (applied stress/0.2% proof stress of specimens), carbon had little influence, whereas nitrogen increased the creep strain. Since the nitrogen addition increased the strain rate dependence of the flow stress for a tensile test, nitrogen had an effect of enhancing the thermally activated movements of dislocations and increased the creep strain. From the observation of dislocation structures after creep tests using a transmission electron microscope, the nitrogen-containing steels showed marked planar dislocation structures and many dislocation pile-ups. These dislocation structures were obviously different from those of the carbon containing steels and a high purity steel. Since the nitrogen effect on the creep was recognized at the high dislocation density produced by high applied stress, it is concluded that the dislocation pile-ups in the planar structure made stress concentrations, which enhanced the thermally activated movements of dislocations. Moreover, the activation volumes, calculated from the coefficients in the logarithmic creep law and measured from the stress changes in the strain-rate change tensile tests, were remarkably reduced by nitrogen addition. These were considered as an apparent reduction caused by the effective stress increased locally by the dislocation pile-ups.
Male Homosexuality: Identity Seeking a Role (1981)

Presented at the AMCAP convention October 2, 1980.
Abstract 1831: Affinity tuned XmAb®2+1 GPC3 x CD3 bispecific antibodies demonstrate selective activity in liver cancer models (2021)

Abstract Bispecific T cell engagers simultaneously bind CD3 on T cells and tumor-associated antigens to promote T cell-mediated killing of tumor cells. These agents provide synthetic immunity by expanding, activating, and redirecting T cells against a target of interest. While targeting lineage-restricted antigens such as CD19 or CD20 have found clinical success in hematopoietic cancers, targeting solid tumors requires high expressing tumor associated antigens (TAAs) with minimal normal tissue expression. Glypican 3 (GPC3), a lipid-anchored cell surface protein, is over-expressed in the majority of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and a smaller subset of lung squamous cell carcinoma. It is considered an ideal target because its expression is not detected in adult tissues, and its function can promote tumor growth through the Wnt/beta-catenin pathway. Although GPC3 demonstrates good differential expression, bispecific T cell engagers are powerful immunomodulatory agents and careful tuning can improve the therapeutic window on all targets. Building upon the XmAb® heterodimeric Fc platform, we generated bispecific antibodies in an XmAb 2+1 Fab2-scFv-Fc format that are bivalent for GPC3 and monovalent for CD3. Reducing the affinity of GPC3 encouraged avid binding and strong killing activity only on high GPC3 expressing cell lines while minimizing reactivity on low expressing cell lines. We found modulating the CD3 affinity, either directly through mutation or indirectly by the molecular format, contributes to the selectivity of the bispecific antibodies. To ensure biologically valid antigen densities were being considered, IHC was conducted on paraffin embedded arrays of tumor tissue, normal tissue, and cell lines. Upon matching the staining intensity between the three sample types, we identified cell lines with corresponding GPC3 antigen density that could serve as proxies of tumor and normal tissue. In vitro T cell-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (TDCC) assays on the relevant cell lines confirmed selective potency on high versus low expressing cells. Citation Format: Alex Nisthal, Nargess Hassanzadeh-Kiabi, Kendra N. Avery, Rumana Rashid, Juan E. Diaz, Umesh S. Muchhal, Seung Y. Chu, Gregory L. Moore, Katrina Bykova, John R. Desjarlais. Affinity tuned XmAb®2+1 GPC3 x CD3 bispecific antibodies demonstrate selective activity in liver cancer models [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2021; 2021 Apr 10-15 and May 17-21. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2021;81(13_Suppl):Abstract nr 1831.
Bacterial lectins, cell‐cell recognition and infectious disease (1987)

Numerous bacterial strains produce surface lectins, commonly in the form of fimbriae that are filamentous assemblies of protein subunits. Among the best characterized of these are the type 1 (mannose specific) fimbrial lectins of Escherichia coli that consist almost exclusively of one class of subunit with a molecular mass of 17 kDa. They possess an extended combining site corresponding to a trisaccharide and preferentially bind carbohydrate units of oligomannose or hybrid type. Type 1 fimbriae also possess a hydrophobic region close to the carbohydrate-binding site, since aromatic alpha-mannosides inhibit strongly (up to 1000-times more than methyl alpha-mannoside) the agglutination of yeasts by the bacteria and the adherence of the latter to pig ileal epithelial cells. The combining sites of type 1 fimbriae of the salmonellae and of other enteric bacteria are different from those of E. coli in that they are smaller and do not possess a hydrophobic region. The various bacterial surface lectins appear to function primarily in the initiation of infection by mediating bacterial adherence to epithelial cells, e.g. in the urinary and gastrointestinal tracts. The mannose specific lectins also act as recognition molecules in lectinophagocytosis (i.e. phagocytosis of the bacteria in the absence of opsonins) by mouse, rat and human peritoneal macrophages, and human polymorphonuclear leukocytes. Affinity chromatography of membrane lysates from human polymorphonuclear leukocytes on immobilized type 1 fimbrial lectin, using methyl alpha-mannoside as eluent, showed that glycoproteins with apparent molecular masses of 70-80, 100 and 150 kDa act as receptors for the bacteria. Inhibition experiments with monoclonal antibodies suggest that the glycoprotein bands of 100 and 150 kDa may be identical with the alpha and beta subunits of leukocyte complement receptors and adhesion glycoproteins involved in complement-mediated opsonophagocytosis. The systems described serve as a fine illustration for the biological role of lectin-carbohydrate interactions. Further studies of these systems will lead to a deeper understanding of the molecular basis of infectious diseases, and perhaps also to new approaches for their prevention.
Taste and Smell (1995)

The sections in this article are: 1 Methodological Issues of Importance to Both Taste and Olfaction 1.1 Threshold vs. Suprathreshold Perception 1.2 The Scaling of Perceived Intensity: How Do We Compare Individuals or Groups? 1.3 Magnitude Matching: Another Approach to Comparisons Across Individuals or Groups 2 Taste 2.1 Thresholds 2.2 Magnitude Estimation with a Common Standard Given to all Subjects 2.3 Line Length with no Labels 2.4 Labeled Scales 2.5 Magnitude Matching 2.6 Consistency of Taste Responses 2.7 What Are Appropriate Inferences from the Suprathreshold Studies? 2.8 Sources of Taste Loss 3 Orthonasal Olfaction 3.1 Thresholds 3.2 Odor Identification 3.3 Magnitude Scales with no Labels 3.4 Labeled Scales 3.5 Magnitude Matching 3.6 Sources of Olfactory Loss 4 Retronasal Olfaction 4.1 Thresholds 4.2 Identification 4.3 Magnitude Matching 4.4 Orthonasal vs. Retronasal Perception 4.5 Sources of Retronasal Olfactory Loss 4.6 Summary 5 conclusion5 Conclusions
“Big Historical Data” Feature Extraction (2013)

In the 1930s, the Home Owners’ Loan Corporation (HOLC), a New Deal federal agency, surveyed hundreds of U.S. cities, producing a national map collection that documented the demographic, economic, infrastructural, and ethnic status of tens of thousands of neighborhoods across the country. The resulting collection of so-called redlining maps is one of the preeminent urban and racial surveys conducted in the history of the United States. We at the Digital Innovation Lab of the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill are building a national digital collection of these paper maps, currently housed at the National Archives in Washington D.C., and using this collection to explore the use of semiautomated feature extraction techniques on large historical content. Our methodology is based on supervised, classification image processing techniques. We use a commercial tool called ArcScan, an extension to the popular ESRI ArcGIS software, to extract tens of thousands of neighborhood boundaries that can then be saved as vector overlays and used to drive the development of new types of research interfaces. We conclude the paper with examples of these new types of interfaces. Finally, we describe the potential impact of linking vectorized national collections together and the need for further research in this area, including using hybrid approaches that involve large-scale crowdsourcing.
Confirmation of paternity suggests a new mutation in the factor VII gene: ‘Pater certus quouque est’ ‐ Response to Girolami et al (2005)

Thank you for giving us the opportunity to respond to the comments made by Dr Girolami and colleagues concerning our paper describing a patient with severe factor VII deficiency (Hewitt et al, 2005). In our paper, we proposed that the severe deficiency arose from a previously undetected maternal deletion of a region of chromosome 13 (including the factor VII and factor X genes) together with a new paternal point mutation. Dr Girolami and colleagues suggested that (i) germinal mosaicism in the father and (ii) different paternity could also explain the results in our paper. Concerning the paternity, we did state in our paper that paternity was confirmed using the commercially available AmpFlSTR Identifiler polymerase chain reaction Amplification Kit (Applied Biosystems). In addition, this kit was used to verify relationships between all familial samples and rule out any possibility of sample mis-identification. However, Dr Girolami and colleagues are correct in pointing out that we did not give details of the results in our paper. In fact, the short tandem repeat (STR) analysis confirmed paternity by using 16 different STR alleles including the amelogenin allele that distinguishes between the X- and Y-chromosomes. The proband's family is Caucasian, so using the statistics supplied with the kit (for the US Caucasian population), the STR analysis had a power of discrimination of 1 in 2·00 × 1017, giving an average probability of paternity exclusion of 0·9999992. For this reason, we suggested that the g.3907G > A change represented a new paternal mutation that changes the codon for Glu29 to Lys (E29K). We agree with Dr Girolami and colleagues that the mechanism that gave rise to this mutation could be germinal mosaicism in the father. In this case, the mutation occurs postzygotically in the parent, rather than during meiosis. Germinal mosaicism has been described in many conditions including Duchenne muscular dystrophy (Bakker et al, 1987; Bunyan et al, 1994; van Essen et al, 2003), osteogenesis imperfecta (Raghunath et al, 1995) and pseudoachondroplasia (Hall et al, 1987; Ferguson et al, 1997). Typically, it is observed in dominant (and X-linked recessive) disorders, and is much less common in autosomal recessive diseases (Cserhalmi-Friedman et al, 2002). This may partially reflect ascertainment bias because of the rarity of a mating occurring between a carrier of an autosomal recessive disorder and a germline mosaic for the same disorder. We agree that germinal mosaicism indeed could be investigated by sperm analysis. In summary, because paternity was confirmed, we believe that we have identified a new mutation in the factor VII gene that may have arisen either (i) postzygotically in the father, (ii) during meiosis in the father, or (iii) postzygotically in the proband, but at such a moment and cell type that her factor VII-producing cells (liver hepatocytes) and leucocytes harbour the mutation.
A biomass estimate over the harvard forest using field measurements with radar and lidar data (2010)

The National Research Council's decadal survey recommended DESDynI as one of the high priority missions for NASA. The mission envisions an InSAR/Lidar instrument for observing ecosystem structures on global scales with high spatial resolutions. Consistent and highly resolved global maps of biomass and carbon stocks require highly accurate observations of vegetation, in fact it is expected that such accuracies would require a combination of the high vertical precision of Lidar observations and the large spatial extent of SAR/InSAR measurements. Here we analyze radar backscatter data along with biomass estimates from a field campaign conducted in the Harvard forest in Massachusetts, USA.
Plant electrical signal prediction based on LSTM Neural Network (2019)

As an important part of facility agriculture, plant factories can directly reflect the level of agricultural development in China, and plant electrical signals are an important physical signal that plants reflect on external stimuli. In view of the complexity of plant growth environment, this paper can not consider the temporal correlation of growth state. It proposes the treatment of plant electrical signals based on long-short-term memory neural network, so that the plants can change under the external environment. The signal is predicted. In this paper, after introducing BP neural network, RNN neural network and LSTM neural network respectively, taking the electric signal prediction of the tiger Piran plant as an example, the parameters such as temperature, humidity and light intensity of the plant are screened, and the constructed LSTM neural network model is used. Training is carried out to compare the measured actual values with the predicted values. The results show that the prediction of plant electrical signals based on long-term and short-term memory neural networks is feasible. This method can be used as a new artificial intelligence method in greenhouses. Or an important indicator of the establishment of a plant factory.
Predictive model for the preoperative assessment and prognostic modeling of lymph node metastasis in endometrial cancer (2022)

Abstract Lymph node metastasis (LNM) is a well-established prognostic factor in endometrial cancer (EC). We aimed to construct a model that predicts LNM and prognosis using preoperative factors such as myometrial invasion (MI), enlarged lymph nodes (LNs), histological grade determined by endometrial biopsy, and serum cancer antigen 125 (CA125) level using two independent cohorts consisting of 254 EC patients. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of the constructed model was 0.80 regardless of the machine learning techniques. Enlarged LNs and higher serum CA125 levels were more significant in patients with low-grade EC (LGEC) and LNM than patients without LNM, whereas deep MI and higher CA125 levels were more significant in patients with high-grade EC (HGEC) and LNM than patients without LNM. The predictive performance of LNM in the HGEC group was higher than that in the LGEC group (AUC = 0.84 and 0.75, respectively). Patients in the group without postoperative pathological LNM and positive LNM prediction had significantly worse relapse-free and overall survival than patients with negative LNM prediction (log-rank test, P &lt; 0.01). This study showed that preoperative clinicopathological factors can predict LNM with high precision and detect patients with poor prognosis. Furthermore, clinicopathological factors associated with LNM were different between HGEC and LGEC patients.
Genetics and molecular mechanisms of resistance to powdery mildews in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) and its wild relatives (2013)

Powdery mildews (PMs) cause disease in a wide range of plant species including important crops. Taking tomato as an example, here we review findings on the genetic basis and mechanisms of plant resistance to PMs. First, we present a summary of our research on tomato resistance to two PM species, with the focus on Oidium neolycopersici. We discuss the genetics of resistance to this pathogen in tomato. Then, we compare different forms of resistance mediated by different resistance genes based on molecular and cytological data. Also, we provide a comparison between these resistance genes in tomato with those in barley, Arabidopsis and wheat, in order to present a model for the genetic basis of resistance to PMs in plants. We try to accommodate these resistance mechanisms in the current model of plant innate immunity. At the end we discuss possibilities to translate these findings to practical approaches in breeding for resistance to PMs in crops.
Distributed MAC protocol for networks with multipacket reception capability and spatially distributed nodes (2007)

The physical layer of future wireless networks will be based on novel radio technologies such as Ultra-Wideband (UWB) and Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO). One of the important capabilities of such technologies is the ability to capture a few packets simulta-neously. This capability has the potential to improve the performance of the MAC layer. However, we show that in networks with spatially distributed nodes, reusing MAC pro-tocols originally designed for narrow-band systems (e.g., CSMA/CA) is inefficient. It is well known that when networks with spatially distributed nodes operate with such MAC protocols, the channel may be captured by nodes that are near the destination. We show that when the physical layer enables multi-packet reception, the negative implications of reusing the legacy protocols include not only such unfairness but also a significant through-put reduction. We present a number of simple alternative backoff mechanisms that attempt to overcome the throughput reduction phenomenon. We evaluate the performance of these mechanisms via exact analysis, approximations, and simulation, thereby demonstrating
Geographic Distribution of Staphylococcus aureus Causing Invasive Infections in Europe: A Molecular-Epidemiological Analysis (2010)

In contrast to MSSA, MRSA spa types have a predominantly regional distribution in Europe. This finding is indicative of the selection and spread of a limited number of clones within health care networks, suggesting that control efforts aimed at interrupting the spread within and between health care institutions may not only be feasible but ultimately successful and should therefore be strongly encouraged.
ESL design approach of Hw/Sw wireless devices based on a Virtual Platform/Network Simulator co-simulation environment (2014)

National audience
Prevalence and serovar distribution of asymptomatic cervical Chlamydia trachomatis infections as determined by highly sensitive PCR (1995)

The prevalence rates and serovar distributions of Chlamydia trachomatis cervical infections were investigated in two different groups of women. Group I consisted of 393 asymptomatic young women (aged 17 to 30 years) who were invited to participate in a C. trachomatis screening program. Group II consisted of 734 randomly selected patients (aged 17 to 68 years) attending an inner-city gynecological outpatient clinic. C. trachomatis was detected in cervical scrapes by PCR specific for endogenous plasmid. These plasmid PCR-positive samples were subsequently subjected to genotyping by C. trachomatis-specific omp1 PCR-based restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis (J. Lan, J. M. M. Walboomers, R. Roosendaal, G. J. van Doornum, D. M. MacLaren, C. J. L. M. Meijer, and A. J. C. van den Brule, J. Clin. Microbiol. 31:1060-1065, 1993). The overall prevalence rates of C. trachomatis found in patients younger than 30 years were 9.2 and 11.8% in groups I and II, respectively. A clear age dependency was seen in group II, with the highest prevalence rate (20%) found in patients younger than 20 years, while the rate declined significantly after 30 years of age (5.9%). In women younger than 30 years, the genotyping results showed that serovars E, I, and D (in decreasing order) were frequent in group I, while serovars F, E, and G (in decreasing order) were predominantly found in group II. The study shows that C. trachomatis infections are highly prevalent in asymptomatic young women. The different serovar distributions found most likely reflect the different compositions of the study groups, but additional analysis of the case histories of individual patients suggests that certain serovars might be associated with symptomatic (i.e., serovar G) or asymptomatic (i.e., serovars D and I) infections.
P‐7: A New 3‐TFT Current Scaling Pixel Circuit for AMOLED Displays (2012)

Abstract A new current scaling pixel circuit using three low‐temperature polycrystalline‐silicon (LTPS) thin‐film transistors (TFTs) for Active Matrix Organic Light Emitting Diodes (AMOLEDs) is presented. The proposed circuit with simplified components can enhance the aperture ratio, accelerate the pixel programming time, as well as compensate for the variations of TFT threshold voltage.
Variational calculus, functionals and the Rayleigh-Ritz procedure (2000)

A number of the calculations on the ridge waveguide described in this book amount to obtaining the eigenvalues and eigenvectors of the related planar problem region by using the finite element method. It is therefore appropriate to include a chapter on this technique. A property of a typical eigen solution of any problem region is that it must satisfy both the wave equation and the boundary conditions of the region. Solutions of the wave equation based on a separation of variables technique, however, only exist for regular geometries such as rectangular and circular structures. For irregular structures, a variational approach based on the fact that the stationary values of the energy functional of the problem region also satisfy the related scalar homogeneous Helmholtz differential equation must be employed. The stored energy of the circuit when integrated over the problem region is known as the functional of the problem region. If the region consists of top and bottom electrical walls then this quantity automatically satisfies a magnetic boundary condition on the side-wall of the problem region. If the problem region has top and bottom magnetic walls then it automatically satisfies an electric wall at its side-walls. If the former structure contains an electric wall or segments of such walls then these have to be separately catered for. A dual statement applies to the latter problem region. The process of obtaining a solution to a Helmholtz differential equation by extremising a functional is called a variational method. The use of the word &apos;functional&apos; in this context serves as a reminder that it is not in itself a function but rather a function of functions. The stationary values obtained in this way satisfy, as will be demonstrated, the homogeneous Helmholtz differential equation.