gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Activation of Nitriles by Metal Ligand Cooperation. Reversible Formation of Ketimido- and Enamido-Rhenium PNP Pincer Complexes and Relevance to Catalytic Design (2013)

The dearomatized complex cis-[Re(PNP(tBu)*)(CO)2] (4) undergoes cooperative activation of C≡N triple bonds of nitriles via [1,3]-addition. Reversible C-C and Re-N bond formation in 4 was investigated in a combined experimental and computational study. The reversible formation of the ketimido complexes (5-7) was observed. When nitriles bearing an alpha methylene group are used, reversible formation of the enamido complexes (8 and 9) takes place. The reversibility of the activation of the nitriles in the resulting ketimido compounds was demonstrated by the displacement of p-CF3-benzonitrile from cis-[Re(PNP(tBu)-N═CPh(pCF3))(CO)2] (6) upon addition of an excess of benzonitrile and by the temperature-dependent [1,3]-addition of pivalonitrile to complex 4. The reversible binding of the nitrile in the enamido compound cis-[Re(PNP(tBu)-HNC═CHPh)(CO)2] (9) was demonstrated via the displacement of benzyl cyanide from 9 by CO. Computational studies suggest a stepwise activation of the nitriles by 4, with remarkably low activation barriers, involving precoordination of the nitrile group to the Re(I) center. The enamido complex 9 reacts via β-carbon methylation to give the primary imino complex cis-[Re(PNP(tBu)-HN═CC(Me)Ph)(CO)2]OTf 11. Upon deprotonation of 11 and subsequent addition of benzyl cyanide, complex 9 is regenerated and the monomethylation product 2-phenylpropanenitrile is released. Complexes 4 and 9 were found to catalyze the Michael addition of benzyl cyanide derivatives to α,β-unsaturated esters and carbonyls.
Applied Calculus of Variations for Engineers (2018)

The purpose of the calculus of variations is to find optimal solutions to engineering problems whose optimum may be a certain quantity, shape, or function. Applied Calculus of Variations for Engineers addresses this important mathematical area applicable to many engineering disciplines. Its unique, application-oriented approach sets it apart from the theoretical treatises of most texts, as it is aimed at enhancing the engineer’s understanding of the topic.This Second Edition text:Contains new chapters discussing analytic solutions of variational problems and Lagrange-Hamilton equations of motion in depthProvides new sections detailing the boundary integral and finite element methods and their calculation techniquesIncludes enlightening new examples, such as the compression of a beam, the optimal cross section of beam under bending force, the solution of Laplace’s equation, and Poisson’s equation with various methodsApplied Calculus of Variations for Engineers, Second Edition extends the collection of techniques aiding the engineer in the application of the concepts of the calculus of variations.
Preparation and characterization of monoclonal antibodies to the cholera toxin (2009)

Monoclonal antibodies to cholera toxin were obtained. They do not cross-react with the termolabile toxin (LT) of Escherichia coli, ricin, diphtherial toxin, staphylococcus enterotoxins of SEA, SEB, SEI, SEG, or the lethal factor and protective antigen of the anthrax toxin. Pairs of antibodies for the quantitative measurement of the cholera toxin in sandwich enzyme immunoassay (EIA) were selected. The detection limit of the toxin is 0.2 ng/ml for plate EIA and 0.44 ng/ml for microchip EIA. The presence of milk, broth, or surface water in the toxin samples does not reduce the sensitivity of EIA.
Suppressing Glioblastoma Stem Cell Function by Aldehyde Dehydrogenase Inhibition with Chloramphenicol or Disulfiram as a New Treatment Adjunct: A Hypothesis (2009)

Strong expression of aldehyde dehydrogenase is a prominent feature of both normal and cancer stem cells, including the stem cell sub-population of glioblastoma. Aldehyde dehydrogenase function is used by cancer stem cells to repopulate a tumor mass after chemotherapy cytoreduction. Cancer stem cells tend to be chemotherapy compared to the non-stem cell majority cell population in several common human cancers. Such has been demonstrated specifically in glioblastoma. In normal hematopoietic stem cells with unimpaired high levels of aldehyde dehydrogenase, stem cells divide rarely and then asymmetrically to a daughter stem cell and a daughter cell on a path of differentiation or symmetrically with both daughter cells on a differentiated path. If a parallel situation obtains in glioblastoma stem cells, the migrating, far flung paucicellular extensions will be stem cell rich and use aldehyde dehydrogenase to generate the characteristic multiple metastases made up of mostly non-stem cells. With inhibition of aldehyde dehydrogenase, stem cell division to non-stem daughter cells tends to become blocked. We have three old yet potent aldehyde dehydrogenase inhibitors on the market- chloral hydrate, chloramphenicol, and disulfiram- they should be investigated as adjuncts in glioblastoma chemotherapy. If GBM stem cell function can be thwarted by potent aldehyde dehydrogenase inhibition, they will be less able to regenerate a stem cell derived tumor mass after primary resection or chemotherapy.
The Effects of DonorNet 2007 on Kidney Distribution Equity and Efficiency (2009)

In 2007, UNOS released DonorNet 2007 (DN07) in hope of improving allocation equity and efficiency. We hypothesized that hard-to-place organs might be less efficiently handled through this regimented process. We analyzed associations between DN07 and center-level equity, number of refusals per organ and cold ischemia time (CIT). A total of 8244 kidney transplants between 1/2006 and 12/2006 (pre-DN07) were compared with 6029 transplants between 5/2007 and 2/2008 (post-DN07). Distribution equity was assessed by the Gini coefficient, changes in the number of refusals and CIT by negative binomial regression and discard rates by logistic regression. We estimated quantile-specific differences in CIT by bootstrapping. We found no significant change in center-level distribution equity after DN07. Number of refusals per organ increased by 20% (adjusted rate ratio (1.12)1.20(1.28), p < 0.001) at the patient level and 11% (ARR (1.07)1.11(1.16), p < 0.001) at the center level. Regression models of CIT showed no global change in CIT associated with DN07, but those kidneys with the longest CIT pre-DN07 had statistically significantly longer CIT post-DN07. The discard rate also increased significantly (ARR (1.06)1.11(1.17), p < 0.001). DN07 has not improved equity or efficiency in allocation of deceased donor kidneys, and may be harming the allocation of hard-to-place kidneys.
Modeling Human Mental States with an Entity-based Narrative Graph (2021)

Understanding narrative text requires capturing characters' motivations, goals, and mental states. This paper proposes an Entity-based Narrative Graph (ENG) to model the internalstates of characters in a story. We explicitly model entities, their interactions and the context in which they appear, and learn rich representations for them. We experiment with different task-adaptive pre-training objectives, in-domain training, and symbolic inference to capture dependencies between different decisions in the output space. We evaluate our model on two narrative understanding tasks: predicting character mental states, and desire fulfillment, and conduct a qualitative analysis.
Role of CO2 in enhancing geopolymer properties formulated with fluidized bed combustion ash (2023)

Fluidized bed combustion coal ash was used together with conventional coal ash and alkaline materials to synthesize geopolymer cement. The production process was performed in a carbon dioxide-rich environment to integrate carbon dioxide into the cement. The presence of carbon dioxide was found to enhance the formation of crystalline carbonates during the hydration reaction yielding an enhanced geopolymer matrix with improved binding characteristics. The non-crystalline (metastable) carbonates formed undergo crystallization processes that complement the hydration reactions, and yield carbonate with beneficial binding effects. Experimental optimization was designed and implemented to select the desired formulation of raw materials for achieving high levels of carbon capture and engineering properties. The optimized formulation produced a geopolymer cement with 7.4 wt% CO2 content, which produced concrete materials with a flow table of 68 cm, an initial set time of 34 min, and 28-day compressive strength reaching 28.2 MPa with acceptable residual compressive strength.
FGFR3b Extracellular Loop Mutation Lacks Tumorigenicity In Vivo but Collaborates with p53/pRB Deficiency to Induce High-grade Papillary Urothelial Carcinoma (2016)

Missense mutations of fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 (FGFR3) occur in up to 80% of low-grade papillary urothelial carcinoma of the bladder (LGP-UCB) suggesting that these mutations are tumor drivers, although direct experimental evidence is lacking. Here we show that forced expression of FGFR3b-S249C, the most prevalent FGFR3 mutation in human LGP-UCB, in cultured urothelial cells resulted in slightly reduced surface translocation than wild-type FGFR3b, but nearly twice as much proliferation. When we expressed a mouse equivalent of this mutant (FGFR3b-S243C) in urothelia of adult transgenic mice in a tissue-specific and inducible manner, we observed significant activation of AKT and MAPK pathways. This was, however, not accompanied by urothelial proliferation or tumorigenesis over 12 months, due to compensatory tumor barriers in p16-pRB and p19-p53-p21 axes. Indeed, expressing FGFR3b-S249C in cultured human urothelial cells expressing SV40T, which functionally inactivates pRB/p53, markedly accelerated proliferation and cell-cycle progression. Furthermore, expressing FGFR3b-S243C in transgenic mouse urothelium expressing SV40T converted carcinoma-in-situ to high-grade papillary urothelial carcinoma. Together, our study provides new experimental evidence indicating that the FGFR3 mutations have very limited urothelial tumorigenicity and that these mutations must collaborate with other genetic events to drive urothelial tumorigenesis.
James, William II, 1904 May 13 (1904)

paper copy; Saints-Peres, Paris; Lamb House stationery; includes envelope addressed to William James
Osteochondral Autologous Transfer and Bulk Allograft for Biological Resurfacing of Large Osteochondral Lesions of the Talus (2015)

Osteochondral lesions of the talus that have previously undergone surgical management or involve the shoulder region of the talus require methods other than microfracture for treatment. For those lesions that have failed microfracture and do not involve the shoulder of the talus, osteochondral autologous transfer is our preferred treatment of choice. Perpendicular access to the lesion, often by osteotomy, is required for this technique. For those osteochondral lesions of the talus that involve the shoulder of the talus, structural allograft is indicated. This article describes our technique for osteochondral autologous transfer and structural allograft implantation. Level of Evidence: Diagnostic Level 5. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Camera calibration under optimal conditions (2011)

Different methods based on photogrammetry or self-calibration exist to calibrate intrinsic and extrinsic camera parameters and also for data pre- and post-processing. From a practical viewpoint, it is quite difficult to decide which calibration method gives accurate results and even whether any data processing is necessary. This paper proposes a set of optimal conditions to resolve the calibration process accurately. The calibration method uses several images of a 2D pattern. Optimal conditions define the number of points and the number of images to resolve the calibration accurately, as well as positions and orientations from where images should be taken.
Aggressively scaled strained silicon directly on insulator (SSDOI) FinFETs (2013)

Strain engineering has been in the heart of CMOS technology for over a decade. However, the effectiveness of conventional strain elements, such as stress liners, embedded S/D stressors, and stress memorization, is significantly reduced when device gate pitch is scaled below 100 nm as needed for 14nm node and beyond. Substrate strain engineering, where the channel itself is formed out of a strained semiconductor, e.g. in the form of strained silicon directly on insulator (SSDOI) or strained SiGe-on-insulator has the advantage that the strain is independent of the device pitch or gate length as long as the active region is made sufficiently long and the strain is maintained throughout the device processing. We have already shown that in a FinFET structure the starting biaxial strain in the SSDOI substrate is converted to a more beneficial uniaxial strain, strain can be maintained throughout typical thermal processing, and demonstrated roughly 15% increase in NFET performance in deeply scaled FinFETs. However, this is still far less than the performance gain we reported recently in ETSOI devices. In this work, for the first time we report NFET performance gain in SSDOI FinFETs fabricated with contacted gate pitch (CGP) down to 64nm.
Rational engineering of the TOLmeta-cleavage pathway (1998)

The meta-cleavage pathway of Pseudomonas putida mt-2 was simulated using a biochemical systems simulation developed by Regan (1996). A non-competitive inhibition term for catechol-2,3-dioxygenase (C23O) by 2-OH-pent-2,4-dienoate (Ki = 150 μM) was incorporated into the model. The simulation predicted steady state accumulation levels in the μM range for metabolites pre-meta-cleavage, and in the mM range for metabolites post-meta-cleavage. The logarithmic gains L[V-i, Xj] and L[X-i, Xj] clearly indicated that the pathway was most sensitive to the concentration of the starting substrate, benzoate, and the first enzyme of the pathway, toluate-1, 2-dioxygenase (TO). The simulation was validated experimentally; it was found that the amplification of TO increased the steady state flux from 0.024 to 0.091 (mmol/g cell dwt)/h. This resulted in an increased accumulation of a number of the pathway metabolites (intra- and extracellularly), especially cis-diol, 4-OH-2-oxovalerate, and 4-oxalocrotonate. Metabolic control analysis indicated that C23O was, in fact, the major controling enzymic step of the pathway with a scaled control coefficient of 0.83. The amplification of TO resulted in a shift of some of the control away from C23O. Catechol-2,3-dioxygenase, however, remained as the major controling element of the pathway. Copyright 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
BIFF: A Blockchain-based IoT Forensics Framework with Identity Privacy (2018)

The ubiquitous deployment of Internet of Things (IoT) devices enhances connectivity and communication, and benefits almost every aspect of our lives from manufacturing to retail to smart homes. However, low levels of security protection in these devices due to their limited resources open opportunities for malicious users. An IoT forensics system collecting, processing, analyzing and reporting evidence of attack is required to mitigate the IoT security issues. Although such system has been studied over the past decade and solutions such as cloud-based IoT forensic were proposed, limitation still exist. In this paper, leveraging on the blockchain technology, we propose a per-missioned blockchain-based IoT forensics framework to enhance the integrity, authenticity and non-repudiation properties for the collected evidence. We formally define the system architecture, provide framework details, and propose a cryptographic-based approach to mitigate identity privacy concern.
Advanced tokamak research in DIII-D (2004)

Advanced tokamak (AT) research in DIII-D seeks to provide a scientific basis for steady-state high performance operation in future devices. These regimes require high toroidal beta to maximize fusion output and high poloidal beta to maximize the self-driven bootstrap current. Achieving these conditions requires integrated, simultaneous control of the current and pressure profiles and active magnetohydrodynamic stability control. The building blocks for AT operation are in hand. Resistive wall mode stabilization by plasma rotation and active feedback with non-axisymmetric coils allows routine operation above the no-wall beta limit. Neoclassical tearing modes are stabilized by active feedback control of localized electron cyclotron current drive (ECCD). Plasma shaping and profile control provide further improvements. Under these conditions, bootstrap supplies most of the current. Steady-state operation requires replacing the remaining inductively driven current, mostly located near the half radius, with non-inductive external sources. In DIII-D this current is provided by ECCD, and nearly stationary AT discharges have been sustained with little remaining inductive current. Fast wave current drive is being developed to control the central magnetic shear. Density control, with divertor cryopumps, of AT discharges with ELMing H-mode edges facilitates high current drive efficiency at reactor relevant collisionalities. An advanced plasma control system allows integrated control of these elements. Close coupling between modelling and experiment is key to understanding the separate elements, their complex nonlinear interactions, and their integration into self-consistent high performance scenarios. This approach has resulted in fully non-inductively driven plasmas with βN ≤ 3.5 and βT ≤ 3.6% sustained for up to 1 s, which is approximately equal to one current relaxation time. Progress in this area, and its implications for next-step devices, will be illustrated by results of these and other recent experiment and simulation efforts.
High Capacity Transmission Systems Using Homogeneous Multi-Core Fibers (2017)

We discuss optical transmission using homogeneous, single-mode, multicore fibers. We first describe the key fiber properties that can affect transmission, such as intercore crosstalk and the variation of propagation delay between cores, and the consequences of these properties on spatial super-channel transmission. We then describe a series of experiments and demonstrations of system features including self-homodyne detection and joint spatial superchannel modulation before discussing their suitability to high-capacity transmission.
[Computer-assisted occlusal finishing]. (2003)

The finishing of a fixed appliance case is one of the greatest challenges in our specialty and is playing an ever-increasing role in treatment considerations as patients become more demanding. The quality of the finishing is, in fact, often seen as an indicator of the orthodontist's skills. The finishing of a lingual case is subject to exceptionally exacting requirements. This often leads not only to longer chair times towards the end of the treatment but to longer treatment times overall. The procedure described in this article permits high-quality finishing with no greater clinical resource input than with conventional labial appliances. Five essential factors are presented and discussed.
Striking differences of distinct endothelial progenitor cell subtypes in coronary collateral formation and ischemia-mediated neovascularization: implications for therapeutic angiogenesis (2014)

Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) are strongly implicated in angiogenesis. However, results from EPC clinical trials have been underwhelming and contradictory, possibly due to the use of unselected cell populations. Two distinct EPC subtypes (early EPCs and late-outgrowth endothelial cells, OECs) have been found to exhibit different angiogenic properties in vitro but have rarely been compared in vivo. To investigate, we compare EPC properties in patients with CAD and murine models. In patients with single-vessel CAD involving the left anterior descending artery (n=26, age=63±10, male=81%) a positive correlation was found between the extent of coronary collateralization (invasively assessed) and OEC numbers (r=0.405,p=0.045), migration (r=0.578,p=0.006) and tubulogenesis (r=0.65,p=0.005). Patients with adequate vs inadequate collateralization (CFI≥0.25 vs <0.25) had better OEC characteristics (p<0.02). No correlation was found with early EPCs. Consistent with this, xenotransplantation of human OECs enhan...
Analysis of Muscle Contraction by Tritium Incorporation (1973)

The incorporation of tritium into proteins of frog muscles in various functional states was determined. No difference was found in the labile (easily exchangeable) tritium content of these muscles as compared with the resting state. However, the rate of incorporation of tritium into the peptide N-H proton (slowly exchangeable tritium) of myofibrils decreased as a result of muscle stimulation. The most pronounced difference was found during isotonic contraction. A significant decrease also occurred during isometric contraction, and a decrease was even detectable in stretched and stimulated muscle. On the other hand, iodoacetate treatment of muscle at rest length or at 140% length increased the rate of tritium incorporation into the peptide N-H of myofibrils; the rate was greater in the stretched muscle than in the nonstretched one. A procedure was worked out for fractionation of myofibrillar proteins in anhydrous media. With this method the following observations were made. (a) During isotonic and isometric contractions the rate of tritium incorporation in peptide N-H of actin decreased. However, no change was found in this incorporation when the muscle was stretched and stimulated. (b) During isotonic and isometric contractions the rate of incorporation in peptide N-H of tropomyosin-troponin increased, but there was no change in incorporation in stretched and stimulated muscle. (c) For myosin light chains, the incorporation remained the same regardless of the functional state of the muscle. (d) On the basis of these results, it was concluded that the rate of incorporation of tritium into peptide N-H of myosin heavy chains decreased in muscles contracted isotonically or isometrically or stretched and stimulated. The results indicate conformational changes in the backbone of myosin and a weakening of binding between reguatory proteins and actin during muscle activity.