gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Laterally injected light-emitting diode and laser diode (2023)

A p-type superlattice is used to laterally inject holes into an III-nitride multiple quantum well active layer, enabling efficient light extraction from the active area. Laterally-injected light-emitting diodes and laser diodes can enable brighter, more efficient devices that impact a wide range of wavelengths and applications. For UV wavelengths, applications include fluorescence-based biological sensing, epoxy curing, and water purification. For visible devices, applications include solid state lighting and projection systems.
One Bit Imperfect Feedback Based Antenna Cluster Selection for MIMO System over Nakagami-m Fading Channels (2020)

In this paper, we analyze the performance of the cluster selection scheme employing one-bit feedback for multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) wireless communication system. The selected cluster of transmit antennas will encode the input symbol-stream with the help of generalized orthogonal space-time block codes to provide full diversity order. The channel between the transmitter and receiver are assumed to follow Nakagami-m distribution to accurately characterize different fading scenarios in the practical wireless systems. It is not always possible to have perfect feedback information over an unguided feedback link and since the imperfect information deteriorates the overall performance of the system. Therefore, the error-tolerant optimized power allocation scheme is proposed. The closed-form expressions of exact and asymptotic symbol-error-rate (SER) are derived for the considered MIMO system under erroneous feedback bit employing M-quadrature amplitude modulation (M-QAM) constellation. The optimized transmit weights are obtained by minimizing the derived SER expression. Further, the exact closed-form expression of the outage probability of the considered system is also derived under imperfect feedback bit over the considered MIMO system. Simulation results validate the derived mathematical expressions of the investigated performance metrics.
Analysis of SAR monitoring capabilities in coastal areas (2012)

Microwave signals emitted by SAR are not able to penetrate sea surface and to reach seabed. Nonetheless bathymetric measurements can be retrieved from SAR images and potentially used to support the monitoring of geomorphological risks in coastal areas and marine pollution. This paper presents the preliminary results of SAR4BAT project, aimed at the development of SAR-based products for coastal area bathymetry. (6 pages)
A Pseudo-Bayesian Approach to Sign-Compute-Resolve Slotted ALOHA (2017)

Access reservation based on slotted ALOHA is commonly used in wireless cellular access. In this paper we investigate its enhancement based on the use of physical-layer network coding and signature coding, whose main feature is enabling simultaneous resolution of up to K users contending for access, where K &gt;= 1. We optimise the slot access probability such that the expected throughput is maximised. In particular, the slot access probability is chosen in line with an estimate of the number of users in the system that is obtained relying on the pseudo-Bayesian approach by Rivest, which we generalise for the case that K &gt; 1. Under the assumption that this estimate reflects the actual number of users, we show that our approach achieves throughput 1 in the limit of large K.
<title>Scalable video compression using longer motion compensated temporal filters</title> (2003)

Three-dimensional (3-D) subband/wavelet coding using a motion compensated temporal filter (MCTF) is emerging as a very effective structure for highly scalable video coding. Most previous work has used two-tap Haar filters for the temporal analysis/synthesis. To make better use of the temporal redundancies, we are proposing an MCTF scheme based on longer biorthogonal filters. We show a lifting based coder capable of subpixel accurate motion compensation. If we retain the fixed size GOP structure of the Haar filter MCTFs, we need to use symmetric extensions at both ends of the GOP. This gives rise to loss of coding efficiency at the GOP boundaries resulting in significant PSNR drops there. This performance can be considerably improved by using a 'sliding window,' in place of the GOP block. We employ the 5/3 filter and its non-orthogonality causes PSNR variation, which can be reduced by employing filter-based weighting coefficients. Overall the longer filters have a higher coding gain than the Haar filters and show significant improvement in average PSNR at high bit rates. However, a doubling in the number of motion vectors to be transmitted, translates to a drop in PSNR at the lower video bit rates.
Fixed-rate entropy-coded vector quantization using linear (zero-one) programming (2002)

Consider two sets of points X, A and their n-fold cartesian products {A}/sup n/, {X}n. A non-negative cost is associated with each element of A. A measure of distance is defined between an element of A and an element of X. It is assumed that the cost and also the distance in the n-fold space has an additive property. The shaped set is composed of a subset of elements of {A}/sup n/ of the least cost. Decoding of an element x/spl isin/{X}/sup n/ is the process of finding the element of the shaped set which has the minimum distance to x. Using the additivity property of cost and distance measures, the decoding problem is formulated as a linear program. Using the generalized upper bounding technique of linear programming in conjunction with some special features of the problem, we present methods to substantially reduce the complexity of the corresponding simplex search. The proposed method is used for the fixed-rate entropy-coded vector quantization of a Gaussian source. For n=128 (space dimensionality) using 8 points per dimension and for a rate of 2.5 bits/dimension, we need about 52 additions, 87 comparisons, 0.2 divisions, and 0.4 multiplications per dimension to achieve SNR=13.31 dB (the bound obtained from the rate-distortion curve is 13.52 dB). This is substantially less complex than the traditional methods based on the dynamic programming.
W-band Radio-over-fiber Link Based on Self-oscillating Optical Frequency Comb Generator (2018)

A 94.8 GHz radio-over-fiber link was implemented with a self-oscillating frequency comb. An LTE Advanced OFDM FDD 64-QAM signal of 20 MHz bandwidth was transmitted over 1.3 m wireless distance with an EVM of 2.23%.
Growth factor messenger RNA expression by human breast fibroblasts from benign and malignant lesions. (1991)

Breast tumors are a complex mix of epithelial, stromal, and vascular elements. We examined primary cultures of breast fibroblasts derived from benign and malignant lesions for expression of various growth factors. All fibroblast cultures, regardless of whether they were derived from benign or malignant lesions, expressed platelet-derived growth factor A chain, basic fibroblast growth factor, fibroblast growth factor 5, and transforming growth factor beta 1 mRNA. None expressed platelet-derived growth factor B chain or transforming growth factor alpha mRNA. However, examination of mRNA expression for the insulin-like growth factors revealed that 7 of 8 fibroblasts derived from benign lesions expressed insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) mRNA, while only 1 of 9 fibroblasts derived from malignancies expressed IGF-I mRNA. The opposite picture was seen for insulin-like growth factor II (IGF-II) mRNA expression, in which 1 of 9 benign-derived fibroblasts expressed IGF-II mRNA, while 5 of 9 malignant-derived fibroblasts expressed IGF-II. This correlated with previous in situ hybridization data, which showed IGF-I mRNA expression confined to the stroma of benign breast tissue. PDGF treatment of tumor fibroblasts resulted in a 3-fold increase in IGF-II mRNA. Thus there was an apparent dichotomy between IGF-I mRNA expression in the majority of fibroblasts derived from benign lesions and IGF-II mRNA expression in the majority of tumor-derived fibroblasts. Since the insulin-like growth factors are potent mitogens for breast tumor epithelial cells, this further supports the notion of a paracrine growth-promoting role for the insulin-like growth factors in breast lesions and suggests that IGF-II may be the more important growth promoter in malignant lesions.
Human and mouse hemoglobin association with the transgenic mouse erythrocyte membrane (2006)

Transgenic mouse models of hemoglobinopathies unravel pathophysiological mechanisms; yet the validity of the red blood cell (RBC) model of human hemoglobin (hHb) enveloped by a mouse (m) membrane has been questioned. Isoelectric focusing of hHb and mHb from transgenic mRBC shows a greater association of mHb to the mouse membrane compared to normal hHbA, supporting a species-specific Hb-mRBC membrane interaction. Enhanced hmutant Hb (HbE, HbS and HbC)-mRBC membrane affinities correlates with enhanced membrane lipid peroxidation and parallel those reported in hRBC, lending support to transgenic mRBC as models of hemoglobinopathies. Species-specific Hb-membrane interaction may be overridden by Hb charge and conformational alterations.
Crucial Positively Charged Residues for Ligand Activation of the GPR35 Receptor (2013)

GPR35 is a G protein-coupled receptor expressed in the immune, gastrointestinal, and nervous systems in gastric carcinomas and is implicated in heart failure and pain perception. We investigated residues in GPR35 responsible for ligand activation and the receptor structure in the active state. GPR35 contains numerous positively charged amino acids that face into the binding pocket that cluster in two distinct receptor regions, TMH3-4-5-6 and TMH1-2-7. Computer modeling implicated TMH3-4-5-6 for activation by the GPR35 agonists zaprinast and pamoic acid. Mutation results for the TMH1-2-7 region of GPR35 showed no change in ligand efficacies at the K1.32A, R2.65A, R7.33A, and K7.40A mutants. However, mutation of arginine residues in the TMH3-4-5-6 region (R4.60, R6.58, R3.36, R(164), and R(167) in the EC2 loop) had effects on signaling for one or both agonists tested. R4.60A resulted in a total ablation of agonist-induced activation in both the β-arrestin trafficking and ERK1/2 activation assays. R6.58A increased the potency of zaprinast 30-fold in the pERK assay. The R(167)A mutant decreased the potency of pamoic acid in the β-arrestin trafficking assay. The R(164)A and R(164)L mutants decreased potencies of both agonists. Similar trends for R6.58A and R(167)A were observed in calcium responses. Computer modeling showed that the R6.58A mutant has additional interactions with zaprinast. R3.36A did not express on the cell surface but was trapped in the cytoplasm. The lack of surface expression of R3.36A was rescued by a GPR35 antagonist, CID2745687. These results clearly show that R4.60, R(164), R(167), and R6.58 play crucial roles in the agonist initiated activation of GPR35.
Fully Printed Flexible Chemiresistors with Tunable Selectivity Based on Gold Nanoparticles (2020)

This study presents a method for printing flexible chemiresistors comprising thin film transducers based on cross-linked gold nanoparticles (GNPs). First, interdigitated silver paste electrodes are printed onto polyimide (PI) foil via dispenser printing. Second, coatings of GNPs and dithiol/monothiol blends are inkjet-printed onto these electrode structures. 1,9-Nonanedithiol (9DT) is used as cross-linking agent and a variety of monothiols are added to tune the sensors’ chemical selectivity. When dosing these sensors with different analyte vapors (n-octane, toluene, 4-methyl-2-pentanone, 1-butanol, 1-propanol, ethanol, water; concentration range: 25–2000 ppm) they show fully reversible responses with short response and recovery times. The response isotherms follow a first-order Langmuir model, and their initial slopes reveal sensitivities of up to 4.5 × 10−5 ppm−1. Finally, it is demonstrated that arrays of printed sensors can be used to clearly discern analytes of different polarity.
The Two Sides of Change: How General Managers and PR Specialists Can Lead Companies Together Through Communication (Die zwei Seiten des Change: Wie General Manager und PR-Verantwortliche gemeinsam Unternehmen durch Kommunikation führen können) (2006)

Communication is more important than ever for firms during periods of change, but the relationship between PR specialists and general managers has not been extensively researched. This essay gives an overview of the research in this area and presents the results of a survey in which 265 communication managers and 235 heads of other disciplines were quizzed. The result is an analytical comparison of their attitudes to change and the linked theme of qualification.
Quantitative Monoclonal Antibody Determination of Estrogen and Progesterone Receptors in Human Breast Cancer: Correlation with the Radioligand Method (1994)

To assess the possibility of substituting our routine method (dextran-coated charcoal, DCC) of determining estrogen (ER) and progesterone receptors (PR) for an enzyme immunoassay technique (EIA), we compared the two methods for determination of the two types of receptor in breast cancer specimens. In terms of sample positivity or negativity, the two techniques agreed in 76 of the 82 samples analyzed for ER (92.7%; p < 0.001), and in 65 out of 75 samples assayed for PR (86.6%; p < 0.001). Quantitative analysis of the data showed a significant correlation between DCC and EIA for both ER (r = 0.84; p < 0.0001) and PR (r = 0.77; p < 0.0001). The results suggest the usefulness of EIA in substituting DCC, although further clinical studies are required to fully evaluate this new method.
Enhanced Flux-Pinning in Dy-Doped, MOD YBCO Films on RABiTS (2007)

Significant enhancements in flux-pinning were obtained for Dy-doped, YBCO films via a metalorganic deposition (MOD) process on rolling-assisted biaxially textured substrates (RABiTS). It has been reported previously that incorporation of excess rare-earth ions during the MOD process, results in improvement of J <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">c</sub> for H//c, however, a decrease in J <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">c</sub> for H//ab is observed. We report here that by altering the processing conditions the reduction in the magnitude of the current peak for H//ab can be minimized while significantly enhancing the random pinning at all field orientations. The result is a YBCO film with significantly reduced anisotropy compared to the typical YBCO films prepared by the MOD process. This is accomplished by incorporating both a high density of stacking faults and (Dy, Y) <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> nanoparticles which result in the strong pinning for H//ab and a broad pinning peak for H//c respectively.
A numerical study of the genesis of concentric eyewalls in hurricanes (2003)

Abstract We use two axisymmetric numerical models to explore the dynamics of concentric eyewalls in hurricanes. The first is a simple two‐layer model using balanced dynamics and parametrized convection, while the second is a cloud‐resolving non‐hydrostatic model. In the case of the balanced model, infinitesimal disturbances amplify into secondary eyewalls provided the lower troposphere is sufficiently moist; otherwise, finite‐amplitude perturbations are necessary to initiate amplifying structures. But experiments with the full‐physics model show that finite‐amplitude disturbances are always necessary to initiate secondary eyewalls, regardless of the initial humidity of the lower troposphere. Experiments with both models, in which the surface wind is held constant in the surface flux formulations, fail to develop secondary eyewalls, demonstrating that in these models the disturbances, once initiated, grow through the wind‐induced surface heat exchange (WISHE) mechanism. Based on this work, we hypothesize that real secondary eyewalls result from a finite‐amplitude WISHE instability, triggered by external forcing, such as interaction of the tropical cyclone with baroclinic eddies, topography, or local perturbations in sea surface temperature. Copyright © 2003 Royal Meteorological Society
Effect of warm‐rearing and heat acclimation on pituitary‐gonadal axis in male rats (2007)

Summary Plasma gonadotrophic and testicular hormones concentrations in both immature and adult male rats exposed to 34 °C of ambient temperature were determined. In vitro steroidogenic ability of interstitial cells from experimental rats was also studied. Four groups of rats ( n = 45) were used. Warm‐reared (WR) males were housed in 34 °C and control‐reared rats in 20 °C from birth to adulthood. The other groups were acclimated to 34 °C [warm‐acclimated (WA) group] or 20 °C [deacclimated (DA) group] as adults. Decreased body weight and testis weight ( p &lt; 0.05) was found in heat‐exposed groups, but relative testis weight was unchanged in WA and increased ( p &lt; 0.05) in WR and DA males. Plasma luteinizing hormone (LH) concentration increased in WA and DA males. Increased ( p &lt; 0.05) follicle‐stimulating hormone (FSH) and prolactin plasma levels were found in DA and WR groups respectively. WA males had decreased testosterone (T) and WR rats androstenedione (A 4 ) plasma concentration ( p &lt; 0.05). Interstitial cells (43% of them were Leydig cells by 3β‐hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity) from heat‐exposed males secreted less ( p &lt; 0.05) T compared with the control group when incubated without LH (basal conditions). Androstenedione secretion decreased ( p &lt; 0.05) in WA rats. Secretion of estradiol‐17β (E 2 ) was higher in WR and lower in DA cells under basal conditions. Weaker responsiveness to LH was observed in WR cells. Androgen synthesis from pregnenolone by interstitial cells increased ( p &lt; 0.05) in the WA group. We concluded that heat exposure of neonatal and adult male rats caused different pituitary‐testicular axis adjustments. It seemed that long‐term heat exposure of neonatal rats is less deleterious concerning the activity of pituitary‐testicular axis than heat acclimation of adults.
Src and Pyk2 Mediate G-protein-coupled Receptor Activation of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) but Are Not Required for Coupling to the Mitogen-activated Protein (MAP) Kinase Signaling Cascade (2001)

The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and the non-receptor protein tyrosine kinases Src and Pyk2 have been implicated in linking a variety of G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCR) to the mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase signaling cascade. In this report we apply a genetic strategy using cells isolated from Src-, Pyk2-, or EGFR-deficient mice to explore the roles played by these protein tyrosine kinases in GPCR-induced activation of EGFR, Pyk2, and MAP kinase. We show that Src kinases are critical for activation of Pyk2 in response to GPCR-stimulation and that Pyk2 and Src are essential for GPCR-induced tyrosine phosphorylation of EGFR. By contrast, Pyk2, Src, and EGFR are dispensable for GPCR-induced activation of MAP kinase. Moreover, GPCR-induced MAP kinase activation is normal in fibroblasts deficient in both Src and Pyk2 (Src-/-Pyk2-/- cells) as well as in fibroblasts deficient in all three Src kinases expressed in these cells (Src-/-Yes-/-Fyn-/- cells). Finally, experiments are presented demonstrating that, upon stimulation of GPCR, activated Pyk2 forms a complex with Src, which in turn phosphorylates EGFR directly. These experiments reveal a role for Src kinases in Pyk2 activation and a role for Pyk2 and Src in tyrosine phosphorylation of EGFR following GPCR stimulation. In addition, EGFR, Src family kinases, and Pyk2 are not required for linking GPCRs with the MAP kinase signaling cascade.
Transgenic Mice with a Constitutively Active AHR: A Model for Human Exposure to Dioxin and other AHR Ligands (2011)

This chapter contains sections titled: Background The CA-AHR Mice Conclusions References
A fair resource allocation algorithm for peer-to-peer overlays (2005)

Over the past few years, peer-to-peer (P2P) systems have become very popular for constructing overlay networks of many nodes (peers) that allow users geographically distributed to share data and resources. One non-trivial question is how to distribute the data in a fair and fully decentralized manner among the peers. This is important because it can improve resource usage, minimize network latencies and reduce the volume of unnecessary traffic incurred in large-scale P2P systems. In this paper we present a technique for fair resource allocation in unstructured peer-to-peer systems. Our technique uses the fairness index of a distribution as a measure of fairness and shows how to optimize the fairness of the distribution using only local decisions. Load balancing is achieved by replicating documents across multiple nodes in the system. Our experimental results demonstrate that our technique is scalable, has low overhead and achieves good load balance even under skewed demand.
The effect of P2O5 on the viscosity of haplogranitic liquid (1993)

The effect of P2O5 on the viscosity of a haplogranitic (K2O-Na2O-Al2O3-SiO2) liquid has been determined at 1 atm pressure in the temperature interval of 700 - 1650°C. Viscosity measurements of a haplogranite, haplogranite + 5.1 wt.% P2O5 and haplogranite + 9.5 wt.% P2O5 have been performed using the concentric cylinder and micropenetration methods. The viscosity of haplogranite liquid decreases with the addition of P2O5 at all temperatures investigated. The viscosity decrease is nonlinear, with the strongest decrease exhibited at low P2O5 concentration. The temperature-dependence of the viscosity of all the investigated liquids is Arrhenian, as is the case for P2O5 liquid. The Arrhenian activation energy is slightly lower in the P2O5-bearing liquids than in the P2O5-free haplogranite with the result that the effect of P2O5 on viscosity is a (weak) function of temperature. At temperatures corresponding to the crystallization of phosphorus-rich granitic and pegmatitic systems the addition of 1 wt.% of P2O5 decreases the viscosity 0.2 log10 units. The effect of P2O5 on haplogranitic melt viscosity is much less than that for B2O3, F2O−1 on the same melt composition (Dingwell et al., 1992 and this study). This implies that P2O5 concentration gradients in high-silica melts during, for example, phosphate mineral growth or dissolution in granitic magmas, will not significantly influence melt viscosity.
Bist ability in molecular chemistry: A step towards built in memory-devices (1992)

Spin Transition compounds exhibit an outstanding bistability (magnetic and optical), that makes them usable in memory devices. The origin of the hysteresis is under investigation; the macroscopic cooperative effect has already been well documented, but the phenomenon could also occur at the molecular scale, so that a model is proposed to take that point into account.
Dielectric and Mechanical Properties of MoSi 2 /Al 2 O 3 Composites Prepared by Hot Pressing (2010)

High‐density MoSi 2 /Al 2 O 3 ceramic composites were prepared by hot‐press sintering using MoSi 2 powders and α‐Al 2 O 3 powders as starting materials. The mechanical and dielectric properties of these composites were studied. The results showed that both the real part and the imaginary part of the complex permittivity increased with the increasing MoSi 2 content over the frequency range of 8.2–12.4 GHz, which means that the dielectric performance of the composites can be adjusted mainly by controlling the MoSi 2 content. On the other hand, high strength and high hardness were also obtained in these composites with MoSi 2 as the reinforcing phase. These results indicated that the MoSi 2 /Al 2 O 3 composite was a promising material with both the electromagnetic wave absorbing and the load‐bearing abilities.