gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The effect of liquid bridge model details on the dynamics of wet fluidized beds (2017)

Wet fluidized beds of particles in small periodic domains are simulated using the CFD‐DEM approach. A liquid bridge is formed upon particle‐particle collisions, which then ruptures when the particle separation exceeds a critical distance. The simulations take into account both surface tension and viscous forces due to the liquid bridge. We perform a series of simulations based on different liquid bridge formation models: (1) the static bridge model of Shi and McCarthy, (2) a simple static version of the model of Wu et al., as well as (3) the full dynamic bridge model of Wu et al. We systematically compare the differences caused by different liquid bridge formation models, as well as their sensitivity to system parameters. Finally, we provide recommendations for which systems a dynamic liquid bridge model must be used, and for which application this appears to be less important. © 2017 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J , 64: 437–456, 2018
Wavefront Investigation of a Fourier Transform Lens with the Fan Trace Interferometer (1973)

The performance of a Fourier transform lens is analyzed with the help of a new interferometric device that records the aberration function along any selected section of the wavefront. These interferometric plots, which carry an automatic calibration, are analogous to the familiar geometric-optical fan ray traces and thus provide the means to compare the performance of completed lens systems with the design criteria. The interferometer is particularly well suited to test Fourier transform lenses; however, it is readily modified to investigate imaging systems as well. Therefore, photographic objectives or microscopes may also be analyzed with this interferometer, which also provides considerable freedom from alignment requirements.
5′-O-Fluorosulfonylbenzoyl Esters of Purine Nucleosides as Potential Inhibitors of NTPase/Helicase and Polymerase ofFlaviviridaeViruses (2003)

Synthesis and interactions of guanosine, inosine and ribavirin 5'-fluorosulfonylbenzoyl esters with hepatitis C virus (HCV) and Flaviviruses NTPase/helicase and polymerase are described.
Effect of Backup Ratio on Root Stresses in Spur Gear Design (2004)

Abstract This article studies the effect of backup ratio in spur gear root stress analysis and design. Backup ratio is important in understanding rim failures that start at the tooth root. Such failures can become the critical failure mode in gears with low rim thickness such as those used in turboprops, helicopters, and other applications where compact size and low weight are important design considerations. Here an analytical approach, based on theory of elasticity, is used to provide a computational formulation for root stress calculations in spur gears based on their bending capacity both as a function of tooth strength as well as rim strength. Sensitivity analysis is then applied (due to the analytic nature of the formulation) to evaluate the effect of backup ratio on root stresses as well as on the American Gear Manufacturers Association's (AGMA) geometry factor used in standardized design methods. It is shown that there exists an optimal backup ratio that would minimize root stresses. The sensitivity analysis leads to a simple design rule for spur gears based on the backup ratio consideration.
Expression of myc, fos, and ha‐ras in the livers of furan‐treated f344 rats and b6c3f1 mice (1994)

Furan administered by gavage for 2 yr has been reported to induce hepatocellular carcinomas in male and female B6C3F1 mice and in male but not female F344 rats. Chronic exposure studies in our laboratory using bioassay conditions showed extensive hepatocellular toxicity and sustained increases in regenerative cell proliferation after 1, 3, and 6 wk of treatment in male and female rats and male mice. Altered expression of growth-control genes associated with this hyperproliferative state may enhance the susceptibility of these genes to mutation or may provide a selective growth advantage to preneoplastic cells. Quantitative northern blot analysis of mRNA was used to examine the expression of the oncogenes myc, fos, and Ha-ras in the livers of animals treated with furan. In male rats, a single administration of 30 mg/kg furan produced necrosis and a subsequent wave of cell proliferation 48 h after treatment and induced transient peaks in the expression of myc, fos, and Ha-ras 6-24 h after treatment. In male rat liver from our cell proliferation studies, only a slight increase in myc expression was seen at the end of week 1 of treatment. However, beginning at week 3 and increasing at week 6, up to a 15-fold increase over control values was observed in the expression of myc in the treated animals. The only other notable increase in expression observed in any animals from the cell proliferation study was a threefold increase in myc at week 6 in treated female rats. The absence of an increase in Ha-ras expression in the male mouse liver suggests that the unique pattern of Ha-ras mutations previously reported in furan-induced mouse liver tumors is not due to increased mutational susceptibility related to overexpression of this gene. The lack of sustained expression of myc, fos, and Ha-ras in rapidly proliferating liver suggests that continuous expression of these genes is not necessary to maintain increased rates of cell replication. The large increase in myc expression in male but not female rats suggests an adaptive change that may be related to the sex-specific incidence of furan-induced hepatocellular carcinomas in rats.
Analyzing Mobile Application Software Power Consumption via Model-Driven Engineering (2013)

Smartphones are mobile devices that travel with their owners and provide increasingly powerful services. The software implementing these services must conserve battery power since smartphones may operate for days without being recharged. It is hard, however, to design smartphone software that minimizes power consumption. For example, multiple layers of abstractions and middleware sit between an application and the hardware, which make it hard to predict the power consumption of a potential application design accurately. Application developers must therefore wait until after implementation (when changes are more expensive) to determine the power consumption characteristics of a design. This chapter provides three contributions to the study of applying model-driven engineering to analyze power consumption early in the lifecycle of smartphone applications. First, it presents a model-driven methodology for accurately emulating the power consumption of smartphone application architectures. Second, it describes the System Power Optimization Tool (SPOT), which is a model-driven tool that automates power consumption emulation code generation and simplifies analysis. Third, it empirically demonstrates how SPOT can estimate power consumption to within ~3-4% of actual power consumption for representative smartphone applications.
Robotically assisted MRgFUS system (2010)

Magnetic resonance imaging guided focus ultrasound surgery (MRgFUS) is a highly precise method to ablate tissue non‐invasively. The objective of this ongoing work is to establish an MRgFUS therapy unit consisting of a specially designed FUS applicator as an add‐on to a commercial robotic assistance system originally designed for percutaneous needle interventions in whole‐body MRI systems. The fully MR compatible robotic assistance system InnoMotion™ (Synthes Inc., West Chester, USA; formerly InnoMedic GmbH, Herxheim, Germany) offers six degrees of freedom. The developed add‐on FUS treatment applicator features a fixed focus ultrasound transducer (f = 1.7 MHz; f′ = 68 mm, NA = 0.44, elliptical shaped −6‐dB‐focus: 8.1 mm length; O/ = 1.1 mm) embedded in a water‐filled flexible bellow. A Mylar® foil is used as acoustic window encompassed by a dedicated MRI loop coil. For FUS application, the therapy unit is directly connected to the head of the robotic system, and the treatment region is targeted from above. A newly in‐house developed software tool allowed for complete remote control of the MRgFUS‐robot system and online analysis of MRI thermometry data. The system’s ability for therapeutic relevant focal spot scanning was tested in a closed‐bore clinical 1.5 T MR scanner (Magnetom Symphony, Siemens AG, Erlangen, Germany) in animal experiments with pigs. The FUS therapy procedure was performed entirely under MRI guidance including initial therapy planning, online MR‐thermometry, and final contrast enhanced imaging for lesion detection. In vivo trials proved the MRgFUS‐robot system as highly MR compatible. MR‐guided focal spot scanning experiments were performed and a well‐defined pattern of thermal tissue lesions was created. A total in vivo positioning accuracy of the US focus better than 2 mm was estimated which is comparable to existing MRgFUS systems. The newly developed FUS‐robotic system offers an accurate, highly flexible focus positioning. With its access to the patient from above, it provides a wide range of flexibility for acoustic target access. In the next step, motion correction unit should be integrated.
The Groove-Guide Oscillator (2011)

The groove guide is a low-loss waveguide that was proposed by Tischer in 1963 as an alternative to classic waveguides. Its basic structure, can be divided into an inner and two outer region. The inner region exhibits a lower phase velocity. Hence, the electromagnetic field is concentrated in the inner region and propagates along the groove. In the outer regions, the electromagnetic field is eavnescent.
ChemInform Abstract: STUDIES ON THERMODECOMPOSITION OF 4‐ISOQUINOLINECARBONITRILE 2‐OXIDE IN DIMETHYL SULFOXIDE (1975)

Abstract Die N‐Oxide (I) und (III) reagieren mit Kaliumcyanid in Dimethylsulfoxid zu den i Nitrilen (II) bzw. (IV).
Supplementary Figure Legends 1-2 from VEGF and c-Met Blockade Amplify Angiogenesis Inhibition in Pancreatic Islet Cancer (2023)

Supplementary Figure Legends 1-2 from VEGF and c-Met Blockade Amplify Angiogenesis Inhibition in Pancreatic Islet Cancer
Influence of dietary spices and their active principles on pancreatic digestive enzymes in albino rats (2000)

A few common spices or their active principles were examined for their possible influence on digestive enzymes of pancreas in experimental rat. Groups of animals were maintained for 8 weeks on the following spice diets: curcumin (0.5%), capsaicin (15 mg%), piperine (20 mg%), ginger (50 mg%), cumin (1.25%), fenugreek (2%), mustard (250 mg%) and asafoetida (250 mg%). Dietary curcumin, capsaicin, piperine, ginger, fenugreek and asafoetida prominently enhanced pancreatic lipase activity. Curcumin, capsaicin, piperine, ginger, cumin and asafoetida also stimulated pancreatic amylase. Trypsin was significantly stimulated by curcumin, capsaicin, piperine, ginger and cumin, while chymotrypsin was stimulated by all the spices tested except mustard. This stimulatory influence of test spices on the pancreatic digestive enzymes was however not observed when their intake was restricted to a single oral dose. The positive influences on the pancreatic digestive enzymes exerted by a good number of spices consumed in diet could be a factor contributing to the well recognised digestive stimulant action of spices.
Efficient Sensitivity Analysis of Mortgage Backed Securities (2001)

Because of the complicated behavior of their cash flows, mortgage-backed securities (MBS) are almost always priced using Monte Carlo simulation. Sensitivity analysis is a critical component of these simulations. Risk managers need these numbers to hedge their exposure to interest risk and prepayment risk. In order to carry this out in a computationally efficient manner, we derive perturbation analysis (PA) gradient estimators in a general setting, without restrictions to any specific interest rate model or prepayment model. Then we apply the estimators to the Hull-White interest rate model and a common prepayment model to derive the corresponding specific PA gradient estimators, assuming the shock of interest rate term structure takes the form of a Fourierlike harmonic series. Numerical experiments comparing finite difference (FD) gradient estimators with our PA estimators indicate that the PA estimators can provide better accuracy than FD estimators while using much lower computational cost. In the test case of 5 duration and 25 convexity estimators, the computational time is reduced by 97.2%. Using the estimators, we analyze the impact of term structure shifts on various mortgage products. Based on insights gained from the analysis, we propose a new product that could potentially benefit mortgage borrowers and investors.
CO2 Synergistic Reduction in a Photoanode-Driven Photoelectrochemical Cell with a Pt-Modified TiO2 Nanotube Photoanode and a Pt Reduced Graphene Oxide Electrocathode (2016)

CO2 synergistic reduction in a photoanode-driven photoelectrocatalytic (PEC) cell was conducted with a Pt-modified TiO2 nanotube (Pt-TNT) photoanode and a Pt-modified reduced graphene oxide (Pt-RGO) electrocathode to reduce energy consumption and increase CO2 PEC reduction efficiency. The carbon atom conversion rate of CO2 reduction under PEC conditions was 2.3 times higher than that of the total rate under photocatalytic and electrocatalytic conditions. Synergistic CO2 reduction in the PEC cell was mainly due to the use of the photoanode, which played a dual role during CO2 reduction: (1) anode photovoltage compensated and conferred more negative cathode potential for CO2 reduction and (2) anode water decomposition provided protons and electrons for cathode CO2 reduction. System current density, product generation rate of CO2 reduction, and carbon atom conversion rate increased first and then decreased with increasing deposition amount of Pt on TNT. The optimal photocatalytic activity of the Pt-TNT anode was obtained with a Pt loading amount of 5%, which resulted in the highest system current density of 4 mA/cm2 and carbon atom conversion rate of 1250 nmol/(h cm2) under the catalysis of the Pt-RGO cathode.
Complications of laser dermatologic surgery (2006)

This report shows that even experts, with extensive experience using light-based therapies, can and do have patients who develop complications. Sound clinical judgment, and knowing how to avoid complications and their timely post-operative management, is essential to insure optimal therapeutic outcome.
Review of Specific Features and Challenges in the Current Internet of\n Things Systems Impacting their Security and Reliability (2021)

The current development of the Internet of Things (IoT) technology poses\nsignificant challenges to researchers and industry practitioners. Among these\nchallenges, security and reliability particularly deserve attention. In this\npaper, we provide a consolidated analysis of the root causes of these\nchallenges, their relations, and their possible impacts on IoT systems' general\nquality characteristics. Further understanding of these challenges is useful\nfor IoT quality engineers when defining testing strategies for their systems\nand researchers to consider when discussing possible research directions. In\nthis study, twenty specific features of current IoT systems are discussed,\ndivided into five main categories: (1) Economic, managerial and organisational\naspects, (2) Infrastructural challenges, (3) Security and privacy challenges,\n(4) Complexity challenges and (5) Interoperability problems.\n
Enhancement of lycopene extraction from tomatoes using pulsed electric field (2013)

A study was conducted to evaluate the effect of pulsed electric field (PEF) treatment for enhancing lycopene extraction. Tomato pulp was obtained by blending fresh tomato fruit. Approximately 5 g of the pulp was subjected to PEF. The parameters of the treatments were: electric field 4, 8, 16, 20 and 24 kV/cm, capacity of discharge capacitor 0.02, 0.06, 1, 2 and 3 μF and number of pulses 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50. Lycopene content was determined using spectrophotometric method at the wavelength of 503 nm after low volume hexane extraction. PEF treatment increased lycopene extraction from fresh tomato fruit generally. A maximum of 68.8% was obtained using 16 kV/cm, 2 μF, and 50 pulses compared to untreated samples, however 20 kV/cm, 0.06μF, 50 pulses was shown to be more energy efficient.
Bloch line propagation with Co-Pt bit patterns in stripe domains confined by grooves (1992)

Bloch Line (BL) pair propagation using a field-access scheme has been investigated in the straight pair of stripe domains stabilized around completely etched grooves. Potential wells to define the bit position for the BL pairs were produced by the stray field from Co-Pt thin-film patterns with high coercivity. By applying a series of asymmetric triangular bias pulsed fields, a BL pair was propagated at 500 kHz with a 14% bias field margin. At 1 MHz, however, the bias field margin was only 7%. This reduction was due to the long relaxation time of the domain walls. The drive field margins depended on the orientation of the propagation direction relative to the magnetized direction of the Co-Pt bit patterns. This dependence became small when the in-plane bias field was decreased.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
RADIomic Spatial TexturAl Descriptor (RADISTAT): Quantifying Spatial Organization of Imaging Heterogeneity Associated With Tumor Response to Treatment (2022)

Localized disease heterogeneity on imaging extracted via radiomics approaches have recently been associated with disease prognosis and treatment response. Traditionally, radiomics analyses leverage texture operators to derive voxel- or region-wise feature values towards quantifying subtle variations in image appearance within a region-of-interest (ROI). With the goal of mining additional voxel-wise texture patterns from radiomic "expression maps", we introduce a new RADIomic Spatial TexturAl descripTor (RADISTAT). This was driven by the hypothesis that quantifying spatial organization of texture patterns within an ROI could allow for better capturing interactions between different tissue classes present in a given region; thus enabling more accurate characterization of disease or response phenotypes. RADISTAT involves: (a) robustly identifying sub-compartments of low, intermediate, and high radiomic expression (i.e. heterogeneity) in a feature map and (b) quantifying spatial organization of sub-compartments via graph interactions. RADISTAT was evaluated in two clinically challenging problems: (1) discriminating nodal/distant metastasis from metastasis-free rectal cancer patients on post-chemoradiation T2w MRI, and (2) distinguishing tumor progression from pseudo-progression in glioblastoma multiforme using post-chemoradiation T1w MRI. Across over 800 experiments, RADISTAT yielded a consistent discriminatory signature for tumor progression (GBM) and disease metastasis (RCa); where its sub-compartments were associated with pathologic tissue types (fibrosis or tumor, determined via fusion of MRI and pathology). In a multi-institutional setting for both clinical problems, RADISTAT resulted in higher classifier performance (11% improvement in AUC, on average) compared to radiomic descriptors. Furthermore, combining RADISTAT with radiomic descriptors resulted in significantly improved performance compared to using radiomic descriptors alone.
Activin-A regulates follistatin secretion from cultured rat anterior pituitary cells (1993)

The activin-binding protein, follistatin (FS), was immunoprecipitated from metabolically labeled rat anterior pituitary cells or their media using a specific antiserum to purified porcine FS (anti-FS). Several immunoreactive proteins, including one that had a mobility in the range of 42-44 kilodaltons (kDa), were detected in the cell lysates. When immunoprecipitates of the culture medium were subjected to sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, a broad 35- to 46-kDa or 39- to 53-kDa band was visualized under unreducing or reducing conditions, respectively. Upon deglycosylation by treatment with N-glycosidase-F, the secreted product migrated as a sharp protein band with an apparent size of 35 kDa. The identity or the relatedness of the immunoprecipitated proteins to FS was verified by the ability of the C-terminally truncated form of recombinant human FS (rhFS288) to compete for binding to anti-FS. When the cultured rat anterior pituitary cells were treated with either forskolin or 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol acetate, the accumulation of FS in the culture medium was stimulated by approximately 2.5-fold. These observations suggest that the activation of either the protein kinase A or the protein kinase C signaling pathway has a stimulatory effect on anterior pituitary FS production. A more dramatic stimulation of FS secretion (up to 7-fold) was observed when the rat anterior pituitary cells were treated with activin-A. The concentration dependence for this effect was within the same range that has been reported for most of the actions of activin-A. Inhibin-A suppressed basal FS secretion and blocked its stimulation by activin-A. To determine if locally produced FS exerts an influence on the response of gonadotropes to activins, the effects of anti-FS on FSH secretion were monitored. The ability of this FS antiserum to immunoneutralize the activity of FS was initially confirmed; anti-FS attenuated the inhibitory action of exogenous follistatin on FSH secretion. Treatment of cells with the antiserum increased the apparent sensitivity of gonadotropes to submaximal concentrations of activin-A. Moreover, the presence of the antiserum lowered the concentration of activin-A that was required to produce the maximum amount of FSH secretion, without changing the magnitude of the response. These results suggested that locally produced FS interferes with the secretory response of gonadotropes to activins. Changes in locally secreted FS may, therefore, represent a mechanism by which the response of rat anterior pituitary cells to incoming stimuli are tightly regulated.
Effect of log size and juvenile wood on drying (1990)

As the forest products industry uses more small logs it is increasingly important to understand their drying characteristics if product quality is to be maintained. This is particularly true as the consumer demands a perfect product, in both the domestic and export markets. The objectives of this study were: 1) to determine if log size has an effect on the drying characteristics, 2) determine if drying at elevated or conventional temperatures affects warp, 3) determine if, at a given dry-bulb schedule, the rate of drying affects warp, and 4) determine the degree to which warp is associated with wood factors such as juvenile wood, ring count, density, board thickness, and out-of-kiln moisture content. Meeting these objectives will enable green sorts and drying schedules to he tailored to the type of product to be dried. Eight 160-board charges of 2x6 lumber from large and small logs were dried using f our different kiln schedules. Two dry-bulb temperature schedules were used, each with two wet-bulb temperature schedules. For each board, the percentage of juvenile wood, out-of-kiln moisture content, green thickness, density, and ring count were measured so their effect on bow, crook, and twist could be determined.
A 115-bp MethyLight assay for detection of p16 (CDKN2A) methylation as a diagnostic biomarker in human tissues (2011)

The 115-bp MethyLight assay is a useful and practical assay with very high specificity for the detection of p16 methylation clinically.