gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Tolerance of Seedling Bermudagrass to Postemergence Herbicides (2004)

The introduction of improved seeded cultivars of bermudagrass [ Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.] has generated significant interest from the turfgrass industry. An important component of successfully establishing these new cultivars will be to develop effective weed control strategies for the critical establishment period. A field study and a greenhouse study were conducted to evaluate the tolerance of several seeded bermudagrasses to commonly used postemergence herbicides at different periods of establishment. In a field study, ‘Princess’ bermudagrass was seeded at a rate of 48 kg ha −1 during the early summer of 2000 and 2001. Postemergence herbicides were applied at either 1, 2, or 4 wk after emergence (WAE). Herbicide treatments included MSMA (monosodium salt of methylarsonic acid) at 1.12 kg ha −1 , metsulfuron (2[[[[(4‐methoxy‐6‐methyl‐1,3,5‐triazin‐2yl] amino] carboxyl] amino] sulfonyl]‐2‐benzoic acid) at 0.021 kg ha −1 , diclofop ((±)‐2‐[4‐(2,4‐dichlorophenoxy) phenoxy]propanoic acid) at 1.12 kg ha −1 , clopyralid (3,6 dichloro‐2‐pyridinecarboxylic acid) at 0.56 kg ha −1 , dicamba (3,6‐dichloro‐2‐methoxybenzoic acid) at 0.56 kg ha −1 , 2,4‐D amine D [(2,4‐ dichlorophenoxy) acetic acid at 0.56 kg ha −1 , and quinclorac (3, 7‐dichloro‐8‐quinolinecarboxylic acid) at 0.842 kg ha −1 Visual injury ratings were recorded at 3, 5, 7, 15, and 30 d after treatment (DAT) and percent turfgrass cover was recorded at 30 and 60 DAT. In the greenhouse study, the same herbicides and treatments were used with the cultivars Princess, Yukon, NuMex Sahara, Jackpot, and Mirage. In both the field and greenhouse studies, there was no clear effect of application timing on the tolerance of seedling bermudagrass to herbicides. Diclofop and metsulfuron caused the highest levels of injury in both years of the field study and in the greenhouse study. The other herbicides tested caused less injury. The bermudagrass recovered from all herbicide injury by 30 d after treatment. The results from this study indicate that seedling bermudagrass is relatively tolerant of many commonly used postemergence herbicides as soon as 1 WAE. These results will be useful to turfgrass managers who are considering use of improved cultivars in various turf situations.
Coulomb Blockade in the Fractional Quantum Hall Effect Regime (2000)

We use chiral Luttinger liquid theory to study transport through a quantum dot in the fractional quantum Hall effect regime and find rich non-Fermi-liquid tunneling characteristics. In particular, we predict a remarkable Coulomb-blockade-type energy gap that is quantized in units of the noninteracting level spacing, new power-law tunneling exponents for voltages beyond threshold, and a line shape as a function of gate voltage that is dramatically different than that for a Fermi liquid. We propose experiments to use these unique spectral properties as a new probe of the fractional quantum Hall effect.
Effects of cellular parameters on thein vitroosteogenic potential of dual-gelling mesenchymal stem cell-laden hydrogels (2016)

This work investigated the effects of cellular encapsulation density and differentiation stage on the osteogenic capacity of injectable, dual physically and chemically gelling hydrogels comprised of thermogelling macromers and polyamidoamine crosslinkers. Undifferentiated and osteogenically predifferentiated mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) were encapsulated within 20 wt% composite hydrogels with gelatin microparticles at densities of six or 15 million cells/mL. We hypothesized that a high encapsulation density and predifferentiation would promote increased cellular interaction and accelerate osteogenesis, leading to enhanced osteogenic potential in vitro. Hydrogels were able to maintain the viability of the encapsulated cells over a period of 28 days, with the high encapsulation density and predifferentiation group possessing the highest DNA content at all time points. Early alkaline phosphatase activity and mineralization were promoted by encapsulation density, whereas this effect by predifferentiation was only observed in the low seeding density groups. Both parameters only demonstrated short-lived effects when examined independently, but jointly led to greater levels of alkaline phosphatase activity and mineralization. The combined effects suggest that there may be optimal encapsulation densities and differentiation periods that need to be investigated to improve MSCs for biomaterial-based therapeutics in bone tissue engineering.
Neoproterozoic origin and multiple transitions to macroscopic growth in green seaweeds (2020)

The Neoproterozoic Era records the transition from a largely bacterial to a predominantly eukaryotic phototrophic world, creating the foundation for the complex benthic ecosystems that have sustained Metazoa from the Ediacaran Period onward. This study focuses on the evolutionary origins of green seaweeds, which play an important ecological role in the benthos of modern sunlit oceans and likely played a crucial part in the evolution of early animals by structuring benthic habitats and providing novel niches. By applying a phylogenomic approach, we resolve deep relationships of the core Chlorophyta (Ulvophyceae or green seaweeds, and freshwater or terrestrial Chlorophyceae and Trebouxiophyceae) and unveil a rapid radiation of Chlorophyceae and the principal lineages of the Ulvophyceae late in the Neoproterozoic Era. Our time-calibrated tree points to an origin and early diversification of green seaweeds in the late Tonian and Cryogenian periods, an interval marked by two global glaciations with strong consequent changes in the amount of available marine benthic habitat. We hypothesize that unicellular and simple multicellular ancestors of green seaweeds survived these extreme climate events in isolated refugia, and diversified in benthic environments that became increasingly available as ice retreated. An increased supply of nutrients and biotic interactions, such as grazing pressure, likely triggered the independent evolution of macroscopic growth via different strategies, including true multicellularity, and multiple types of giant-celled forms.
THE RESILIENCE OF ONCOLOGISTS DURING THE EARLY TIME OF THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC (2021)

With the emergence of COVID-19, Oncologists have had to face up to the challenge of continuing active treatments without compromising patients and healthcare personnel’s safety. We introduced a double-step triage strategy (by phone and on site) for cancer patients in order to identify patients at risk of COVID-19 and to avoid their admission to … Continued
EFFECTS OF FASTING AND WATER RESTRICTION ON CARCASS SHRINK AND PORK QUALITY (1985)

One hundred and twenty market weight (90 kg) pigs were allocated at random to one of three treatments: immediate slaughter and 24 h or 48 h without feed or water after arrival at an abattoir. All pigs were removed from feed 17 h before arrival at the abattoir. Weights of body organs and the digestive tract full and emptied of digesta were recorded along with warm carcass weight. After chilling for 24 h a pork chop 25 mm thick was removed along with the commercial ham and belly from the left carcass side and frozen for later quality determinations. Live weight shrink over 48 h amounted to 6.8 kg with 75% (5.1 kg) of this loss being attributed to loss in carcass weight. The 24-h holding period also resulted in a significant loss in carcass weight (3 kg). Approximately 20% of the total shrink over 48 h was due to a reduction in digestive tract contents. Body organs showed little change in weight over the 48-h holding period apart from the liver which was reduced in weight by 14.6%. Final longissimus muscle pH was increased and muscle luminosity (fresh longissimus, cured m. semimembranosus and m. biceps femoris) decreased for both the 24-h and 48-h holding treatments but did not result in any dark, firm and dry meat. Drip loss in pork chops decreased with increased ante-mortem holding time. However, processed yields for hams and bacon were not significantly influenced by the holding period pre-slaughter. It was concluded that the time from last feeding to slaughter should be minimized to avoid losses in carcass weight and slightly darker fresh and processed meat. Key words: Fasting, carcass shrink, carcass quality, processed yield
A clinical study of the lupus anticoagulant (1976)

Eighty-three patients with circulating anticoagulants were studied at The New York Hospital. The lupus-type anticoagulant, an inhibitor of the prothrombin activator complex, was demonstrated in 58 patients. The inhibitor was identified using the blood and tissue thromboplastin inhibition tests. Inhibition by the lupus anticoagulant was augmented in 67% of these patients by a cofactor present in normal plasma. The lupus inhibitor was detected primarily because of an unsuspected abnormal coagulation test. One-half of the patients with the lupus-type anticoagulant did not have systemic lupus erythematosus.
TanDEM-X: MIssion and Science Exploration during the Phase A Study (2006)

TanDEM-X (TerraSAR-X Add on for Digital Elevation Measurements) is a national mission proposal for a new generation SAR satellite operating at X-band in single pass SAR interferometry. The single pass SAR interfer-ometric constellation is realised by two independent X-band satellites flying in formation and has the goal to de-liver a global digital elevation model in a HRTI-3 specification. In this paper the scientific exploration will be presented. TanDEM-X has been accepted for realisation in March 2006 following a successful demonstration.
Epidemiology of BK Virus in Renal Allograft Recipients: Independent Risk Factors for BK Virus Replication (2008)

Steroid maintenance therapy and induction with antithymocyte globulin are independent risk factors for BKV replication in renal allograft recipients treated with tacrolimus and mycophenolate mofetil.
Fast, higher-order direct/iterative hybrid solver for scattering by Inhomogeneous media -- with application to high-frequency and discontinuous refractivity problems (2019)

This paper presents a fast high-order method for the solution of two-dimensional problems of scattering by penetrable inhomogeneous media, with application to high-frequency configurations containing (possibly) discontinuous refractivities. The method relies on a combination of a differential volumetric formulation and a boundary integral formulation. Thus, in the proposed approach the entire computational domain is partitioned into large numbers of volumetric spectral approximation patches which are then grouped into patch subsets for local direct solution; the interactions with the exterior domain are handled by means of a boundary integral equation. The resulting algorithm can be quite effective: after a modestly-demanding precomputation stage (whose results for a given frequency can be repeatedly used for arbitrarily chosen incidence angles), the proposed algorithm can accurately evaluate scattering by configurations including large and complex objects and/or high refractivity contrasts, including possibly refractive-index discontinuities, in fast single-core runs.
Strategic plan for pediatric respiratory diseases research: An NHLBI working group report (2008)

The Division of Lung Diseases of the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute (NHLBI) recently held a workshop to identify gaps in our understanding and treatment of childhood lung diseases and to define strategies to enhance translational research in this field. Leading experts with diverse experience in both laboratory and patient-oriented research reviewed selected areas of pediatric lung diseases, including perinatal programming and epigenetic influences; mechanisms of lung injury, repair, and regeneration; pulmonary vascular disease (PVD); sleep and control of breathing; and the application of novel translational methods to enhance personalized medicine. This report summarizes the proceedings of this workshop and provides recommendations for emphasis on targeted areas for future investigation. The priority areas identified for research in pediatric pulmonary diseases included: (1) epigenetic and environmental influences on lung development that program pediatric lung diseases, (2) injury, regeneration, and repair in the developing lung, (3) PVD in children, (4) development and adaptation of ventilatory responses to postnatal life, (5) nonatopic wheezing: aberrant large airway development or injury? (6) strategies to improve assessment, diagnosis, and treatment of pediatric respiratory diseases, and (7) predictive and personalized medicine for children.
Correction: Corrigendum: Stage of Breast Cancer Progression Influences Cellular Response to Activation of the WNT/Planar Cell Polarity Pathway (2015)

Planar cell polarity (PCP) signaling has been shown in different studies to either promote or inhibit the malignancy of breast cancer. Using the 21T cell lines, which were derived from an individual patient and represent distinct stages of progression, we show that the prototypical PCP ligand, WNT5A, is expressed highest in 21MT-1 cells (invasive mammary carcinoma) and lowest in 21PT (atypical ductal hyperplasia) and 21NT (ductal carcinoma in situ) cells. Overexpression of WNT5A decreased spherical colony formation and increased invasion and in vivo extravasation only in 21NT cells; whereas overexpression increased migration of both 21PT and 21NT cells. WNT5A overexpression also increased RHOA expression of both cell lines and subsequent RHOA knockdown blocked WNT5A-induced migration, but only partially blocked WNT5A-induced invasion of 21NT cells. PCP can signal through VANGL1 to modulate AP-1 target genes (e.g. MMP3) and induce invasion. VANGL1 knockdown inhibited WNT5A-induced invasion of 21NT cells, but had no effect on WNT5A-induced migration of either 21PT or 21NT cells. WNT5A-induced MMP3 expression was seen only in 21NT cells, an effect that was VANGL1 dependent, but independent of AP-1. We thus provide evidence that PCP signaling can act in a context dependent manner to promote breast cancer progression.
Effects of early experiences on shock‐and illness‐induced passive avoidance behaviors (1973)

Abstract Rats were either handled, shocked, or unmanipulated during the preweaning period or during the 21 days immediately following weaning. At maturity animals were tested in 2 passive avoidance situations. Half the animals were first tested in an illness‐induced taste aversion situation using sour water as the CS and different doses of cyclophosphamide as the US. The remaining animals were first tested in a 1‐trial passive avoidance situation using a “step‐through” apparatus and a single electric shock. Early experience had no effect on the development of a taste aversion at any dosage of cyclophosphamide. Prior conditioning of a taste aversion did influence performance in the step‐through avoidance situation. Fewer of these previously conditioned animals attained the training criterion and, within this previously conditioned population, the handled groups displayed less “emotional” behavior than the controls. Response latencies in the shock‐induced passive avoidance test did not differentiate between handled and shocked animals. Animals manipulated prior to weaning had consistently shorter latencies than the unmanipulated controls.
Influence of unbound materials on flexible pavement performance: A comparison of the AASHTO and MEPDG methods (2009)

Flexible pavements rely upon the contributions of all layers toward the overall structural capacity of the section. For pavements designed according to the AASHTO design procedure, the granular base and subbase layers may contribute as much as 50% of the total structural number for the section. Clearly, the performance or service life of flexible pavements will therefore be quite sensitive to the thickness and properties (resilient modulus/layer coefficient) of the unbound layers as well as to the stiffness of the underlying unbound subgrade.
Method to Regenerate Ammonia for the Capture of Carbon Dioxide (2002)

Compared to the conventional MEA process for the capture of carbon dioxide from flue gas, the ammonia scrubbing technique provides advantages of lower material costs and less corrosion to absorber, as well as the potential for saving energy, which will eventually make the process less expensive. However, in addition to the highly volatile nature of ammonia, the lack of a method to separate ammonia from CO2 after thermal decomposition of ammonium bicarbonate also hinders the ammonia scrubbing technique from being applied in practice. This paper investigates a method to regenerate ammonia so as to allow for the ammonia scrubbing technique to be practical in the capture of CO2. In the new method, a weakly basic ion-exchange resin containing amine functional groups is used to regenerate ammonia through absorbing carbonic acid at ambient temperatures from ammonium bicarbonate, the main product formed after the absorption of CO2 by ammonia. The resin can then be regenerated when it is heated by water at temperatures equal to or greater than 50 °C. A 50% energy saving can be expected of the new method when compared to the energy requirement of the MEA process. Also, through several runs of a resin absorption−desorption experiment, the sustainability of the resin for the regeneration of ammonia from ammonium bicarbonate was evidently demonstrated. The regeneration capability of the resin can be maintained consistently at 87% of the original regeneration capability of the resin. The issue of the volatility of ammonia is also addressed.
Abstract 16153: Exercise Stress Testing Triggers Immediate Changes in Cardiac Troponin I Levels in Patients With Advanced Heart Failure (2011)

Background: Recent studies have shown that cardiac troponin (cTn) has prognostic implications throughout its range in patients with and without CAD. Elevations of cTn occur in heart failure and cor...
Bending Property of Braided Composite Pipe (2003)

Braided fabric is one of the textiles which have long history, and in present it has been applied to the reinforcement for composite materials. The most interesting characteristic of braided fabric is variable braiding angle, which is a design parameter of composite materials. In this study, the influence of the braiding angle on bending property of CFRP braided composite pipe was evaluated. In the bending tests, although bending modulus was almost same irrespective of the braiding angle, CFRP pipe with the braiding angle of 30 degrees showed longer fracture deflection than ones with the braiding angle, CFRP pipe with the braiding angle of 30 degrees showed longer fracture deflection than ones with the braiding angle of 45 and 60 degrees.
Supplementary Figure S1 from Functional Homologous Recombination Assay on FFPE Specimens of Advanced High-Grade Serous Ovarian Cancer Predicts Clinical Outcomes (2023)

&lt;p&gt;The effects of long time-to-fixation on DNA damage markers&lt;/p&gt;
A Three-Layer Privacy Preserving Cloud Storage Scheme Based on Computational Intelligence in Fog Computing (2018)

Recent years witness the development of cloud computing technology. With the explosive growth of unstructured data, cloud storage technology gets more attention and better development. However, in current storage schema, user's data is totally stored in cloud servers. In other words, users lose their right of control on data and face privacy leakage risk. Traditional privacy protection schemes are usually based on encryption technology, but these kinds of methods cannot effectively resist attack from the inside of cloud server. In order to solve this problem, we propose a three-layer storage framework based on fog computing. The proposed framework can both take full advantage of cloud storage and protect the privacy of data. Besides, Hash-Solomon code algorithm is designed to divide data into different parts. Then, we can put a small part of data in local machine and fog server in order to protect the privacy. Moreover, based on computational intelligence, this algorithm can compute the distribution proportion stored in cloud, fog, and local machine, respectively. Through the theoretical safety analysis and experimental evaluation, the feasibility of our scheme has been validated, which is really a powerful supplement to existing cloud storage scheme.
Laser beam welding at NIROP, a navy manufacturing technology program (1982)

A laser beam welding system has been installed at the Naval Industrial Reserve Ordnance Plant (NIROP), Minneapolis. The laser and the work station will be described. The economic advantage of using the laser as opposed to the prior welding process will be stated. The mechanical properties of laser beam weldments of A36 structural steel will be presented.
Neurofibrosarcoma-derived Schwann cells overexpress platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) receptors and are induced to proliferate by PDGF BB (1998)

Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) is characterized by the formation of neurofibromas, benign tumors of the peripheral nerve consisting essentially of Schwann cells, which can sometimes turn malignant to form neurofibrosarcomas. The mechanism of progression toward a malignant phenotype remains largely unknown. In this report, we show that platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) BB, and to a lesser extent fibroblast growth factor 2, are mitogenic for two neurofibrosarcoma-derived Schwann cell lines, but not for a Schwann cell line derived from a schwannoma (from a non-NF1 patient) or for transformed rat Schwann cells. Levels of expression of both PDGF receptor alpha and beta are significantly increased in the two neurofibrosarcoma-derived cell lines compared to the non-NF1 Schwann cell lines. The level of tyrosyl-phosphorylated PDGF receptor beta is strongly increased upon stimulation by PDGF BB. In comparison, only modest levels of tyrosyl-phosphorylated PDGF receptor alpha are observed, upon stimulation by PDGF AA or PDGF BB. Accordingly, PDGF AA is only a weak mitogen for the neurofibrosarcoma-derived cells by comparison to PDGF BB. These results indicate that the mitogenic effect of PDGF BB for the neurofibrosarcoma-derived Schwann cell lines is primarily transduced by PDGF receptor beta. Neu differentiation factor beta, a potent mitogen for normal Schwann cells, was unable to stimulate proliferation of the transformed Schwann cell lines, due to a dramatic down-regulation of the erbB3 receptor. Therefore, aberrant expression of growth factor receptors by Schwann cells, such as the PDGF receptors, could represent an important step in the process leading to Schwann cell hyperplasia in NF1.