gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Frontotemporal Dementia and Corticobasal Degeneration in a Family with a P301S Mutation in Tau (1999)

The tau gene has been found to be the locus of dementia with rigidity linked to chromosome 17. Exonic and intronic mutations have been described in a number of families. Here we describe a P301S mutation in exon 10 of the tau gene in a new family. Two members of this family were affected. One individual presented with frontotemporal dementia, whereas his son has corticobasal degeneration, demonstrating that the same primary gene defect in tau can lead to 2 distinct clinical phenotypes. Both individuals developed rapidly progressive disease in the third decade. Neuropathologically, the father presented with an extensive filamentous pathology made of hyperphosphorylated tau protein. Biochemically, recombinant tau protein with the P301S mutation showed a greatly reduced ability to promote microtubule assembly.
The risk of infective endocarditis in the 21st century (2013)

DOAJ is a unique and extensive index of diverse open access journals from around the world, driven by a growing community, committed to ensuring quality content is freely available online for everyone.
High performance TCP/IP networking : concepts, issues, and solutions (2004)

I. BACKGROUND. 1. Introduction. 2. TCP/IP Fundamentals. II. PERFORMANCE EVALUATION. 3. Performance Measurement of TCP/IP Networks. 4. TCP/IP Network Simulation. 5. TCP Modeling. III. PERFORMANCE IN EMERGING NETWORKS. 6. TCP/IP Performance over Wireless Networks. 7. TCP/IP Performance over Mobile Networks. 8. TCP/IP Performance over Optical Networks. 9. TCP/IP Performance over Satellite Networks. 10. TCP/IP Performance over Asymmetry Networks. IV. CONGESTION CONTROL. 11. New TCP Standards and Flavors. 12. Active Queue Management in TCP/IP Networks. V. IMPLEMENTATION. 13. Software Implementation of TCP. 14. Hardware Implementation of TCP/IP.
Geometrical correction factors for heat flux meters (1974)

General formulas are derived for determining gage averaging errors of strip-type heat flux meters used in the measurement of one-dimensional heat flux distributions. The local averaging error e(x) is defined as the difference between the measured value of the heat flux and the local value which occurs at the center of the gage. In terms of e(x), a correction procedure is presented which allows a better estimate for the true value of the local heat flux. For many practical problems, it is possible to use relatively large gages to obtain acceptable heat flux measurements.
Supplementary material to "Modeling regional aerosol variability over California and its sensitivity to emissions and long-range transport during the 2010 CalNex and CARES campaigns" (2014)

Table Performance of simulated temperature (T) in terms of bias, RMSE, R, and IA for the individual G-1 aircraft flight paths.
Spatial soliton robustness against spatially anisotropic phase perturbations (1997)

We demonstrate experimentally that spatial solitons in AlGaAs waveguides are resilient against spatially anisotropic perturbations in their phase caused by introducing a wedge in the soliton propagation path. In agreement with numerical simulations, the solitons maintained their initial beam shape and width, independent of the fraction of the soliton beam intercepted by the wedge.
A Highly Regioselective Salt‐Free Iron‐Catalyzed Allylic Alkylation. (2006)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Lock-in Pixel Based Time-of-Flight Range Imagers: An Overview (2022)

Time-of-flight (TOF) range imaging is a promising technology for various applications such as touchless control, augmented reality interface, and automotive. The TOF range imagers are classified into two methods: direct TOF with single photo avalanche diodes and indirect TOF with lock-in pixels. The indirect TOF range imagers have advantages in terms of a high spatial resolution and high depth precision because their pixels are simple and can handle many photons at one time. This paper reviews and discusses principal lock-in pixels reported both in the past and present, including circuit-based and charge-modulator-based lock-in pixels. In addition, key technologies that include enhancing sensitivity and background suppression techniques are also discussed.
Optimizing current conveyors by evolutionary algorithms including differential evolution (2009)

An optimization system based on two multi-objective evolutionary algorithms NSGA-II and MOEA/D is presented for sizing analog integrated circuits. The proposed system uses HSPICE as circuit evaluator and its usefulness is highlighted by sizing mixed-mode analog circuits composed of unity-gain cells. That way, the circuits are optimized in voltage- and current-mode in three parameters: gain, bandwidth and offset, and by including as constraint that all transistors are in saturation operation. Comparison of performances between NSGA-II and MOEA/D with and without differential evolution (DE) as genetic operator in the optimization of two current conveyors are given by using standard CMOS integrated circuit technology.
A multiterawatt laser using a high-contrast, optical parametric chirped-pulse preamplifier (2005)

A laser has been built that uses optical parametric chirped-pulse amplification and a glass booster amplifier. We review the performance of the 5-Hz, multijoule OPCPA pump laser, the 370-mJ OPCPA, and the overall laser.
Scanning cross-correlator for monitoring uniform 3D ellipsoidal laser beams (2014)

The specific features of experimental implementation of a cross-correlator with a scan rate above 1600 cm s(-1) and a spatial delay amplitude of more than 15 mm are considered. The possibility of measuring the width of femtosecond pulses propagating in a train 300 mu s in duration with a repetition rate of 1 MHz is demonstrated. A time resolution of 300 fs for the maximum time window of 50 ps is attained.The cross-correlator is aimed at testing 3D pulses of a laser driver of an electron photo-injector.
Assessment of bone metabolism in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (2009)

Objective To assess the characteristics of biochcmical parameters of bone metabolism in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and the relationship between osteoporosis and the reduction of bone mass so as to identify the risk factors for osteoporosis in IBD. Methods Sixty-nine patients with IBD[49 with Crohn disease (CD) and 20 with ulcerative colitis (UC)] and 20 sex- and age-matched healthy subjects (control group) from the medical examination centre in 2007 were enrolled in the study. The disease activity was estimated according to CD active index and Truelove-Witts score. The biochemical markers of bone metabolism including ostecalcin (OC), 25-bydroxycholecalciferol[-25 (OH)Ds-] and cross-linked N-telopeptides of type I collagen(NTX) were tested using enzyme immunoassay. The body mass index (BMI) and bone mineral density (BMD) were also measured. Results The concentration of 25(OH)D3 was significantly lower in both CD[(44.45±39.38) nmol/L] and UC patients[(34.67±23.79) nmol/L] compared with controls[(98.42±25.84) nmol/L] (P 0. 05). The T score of lumbar spine in patients treated with steroids (-1.19±0. 93) was significantly lower than that in patients untreated with steroids (-0.80±1.29) (P 0.05). Stepwise regression analysis revealed that advanced age and reduced BMI were risk factors for osteoporosis in CD patients.Conclusions The lower BMI in patients with IBS contributes to prevalence of osteoporosis, and advanced age and reduced BMI are risk factors for osteoporosis in CD patients. NTX and 25 (OH)D3are important bone metabolic markers to predict osteoporosis in patients with IBD.

Key words: 
Crohn disease;  Colitis, ulcerative;  Osteoporosis
Free‐Breathing 3D Cardiac MRI Using Iterative Image‐Based Respiratory Motion Correction (2012)

Respiratory motion compensation using diaphragmatic navigator gating with a 5 mm gating window is conventionally used for free-breathing cardiac MRI. Because of the narrow gating window, scan efficiency is low resulting in long scan times, especially for patients with irregular breathing patterns. In this work, a new retrospective motion compensation algorithm is presented to reduce the scan time for free-breathing cardiac MRI that increasing the gating window to 15 mm without compromising image quality. The proposed algorithm iteratively corrects for respiratory-induced cardiac motion by optimizing the sharpness of the heart. To evaluate this technique, two coronary MRI datasets with 1.3 mm(3) resolution were acquired from 11 healthy subjects (seven females, 25 ± 9 years); one using a navigator with a 5 mm gating window acquired in 12.0 ± 2.0 min and one with a 15 mm gating window acquired in 7.1 ± 1.0 min. The images acquired with a 15 mm gating window were corrected using the proposed algorithm and compared to the uncorrected images acquired with the 5 and 15 mm gating windows. The image quality score, sharpness, and length of the three major coronary arteries were equivalent between the corrected images and the images acquired with a 5 mm gating window (P-value > 0.05), while the scan time was reduced by a factor of 1.7.
Supplementary Figure S6 from mTOR Inhibition via Displacement of Phosphatidic Acid Induces Enhanced Cytotoxicity Specifically in Cancer Cells (2023)

&lt;p&gt;The file contains supplementary results showing that inhibition of mTORC1 by ICSN3250 is responsible for its cytotoxicity in cancer cells.&lt;/p&gt;
Nonlinear distortion analysis via linear-centric models (2003)

An efficient distortion analysis methodology is presented for analog and RF circuits that utilizes linear-centric circuit models to generate individual distortion contributions due to the various circuit nonlinearities. The per-nonlinearity distortion results are obtained via a straightforward post-simulation step that is simpler and more efficient than the Volterra series based approaches and do not require the high order device model derivatives. For this reason the order of analysis can be significantly higher than that for a Volterra series implementation while fully accounting for all nonlinearity effects. The proposed methodology is not restricted to weakly nonlinear circuits, but can also analyze per-nonlinearity distortion for active switching mixers and switch capacitor circuits when they are modeled as periodically time-varying weakly nonlinear systems. While Volterra series have also been attempted for this same class of circuits, the requirement of device models for all of the high order model derivatives makes such analysis somewhat impractical. The proposed methodology provides important design insights regarding the relationships between design parameters and circuit linearity, hence the overall system performance. Circuit examples are used to demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed approach, and interesting insights are observed for RF switching mixers in particular.
Neuropsychological Treatment of Dyslexia: Does Type of Treatment Matter? (2011)

In this study, 123 children with a diagnosis of developmental dyslexia were assigned to different treatment groups, either variations of Bakker's intervention program based on the balance model or a control, a specific reading training group. Thorough cognitive and neuropsychological assessment allowed determination of the subtype of dyslexia according to the balance model and the neuropsychological profile with respect to reading and spelling abilities, verbal memory, and phonemic awareness. Characteristics of hemisphere-specific stimulation were systematically manipulated in an effort to shed light on the bases and mechanisms of reading improvement. It was shown that the effects of treatment vary according to type of dyslexia and that the different intervention programs have differential effects on reading-related neuropsychological functions. Since opposite effects can be produced by the same type of treatment in different dyslexia subtypes, the results of the study suggest that accurate classification of subtype on the base of reading and reading-related variables is advantageous for an optimal planning of the therapy.
Acoustic analysis of turbine generator to predict overall noise using statistical energy analysis methodology (2013)

In the growing regions across the globe, products are being differentiated not only by their performance but also on characteristics like noise, aesthetics, ergonomics, etc. Noise norms are getting more and more stringent and customers are looking for quieter products. Engineers and technicians now face the challenge of developing effective products for lower noise emissions in addition to enhanced performance. As generators are a major noise source in a power plant, it is essential to contain generator noise well within the limit to meet statutory requirements. The major contributors to generator noise include cooling fan, rotor jet, electromagnetic excitation, and vibrations. These sources should be configured properly for reducing the overall noise. Therefore, it is essential to establish a robust process to predict the generator noise accurately. This paper describes the process for predicting generator noise by using Statistical Energy Analysis methodology. Correlation of the predictions with test data is also discussed.
Blood pool MR contrast agents for cardiovascular imaging (2000)

Currently available magnetic resonance (MR) contrast agents are not confined to the intravascular space because of their small molecular size. These agents produce peak vascular enhancement for only a short period. Conversely, blood pool agents have longer intravascular residence time and higher relaxivity. Therefore these agents provide MR angiography with flexibility, versatility, and accuracy. With blood pool agents, the timing of contrast injection becomes less significant because the optimal imaging window is in tens of minutes rather than seconds. In addition, larger anatomic regions can be imaged optimally. Preliminary evidence appears to support the notion that blood pool agents may play a diagnostic role in coronary, peripheral, and pulmonary angiography. Besides their ability to increase vascular contrast, blood pool agents provide physiologic information, including rate of entry, rate of accumulation, and rate of elimination. MR imaging with blood pool agents also have proven to be of significant value in the assessments of myocardial perfusion and microvascular permeability. In anticipation of broad clinical use, blood pool agents are currently being evaluated in human trails. Examples include gadolinium-chelate that binds in vivo to albumin to form blood pool agents and ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxide particles. This review discusses the applications of MR blood pool agents in the cardiovascular system. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2000;12:890–898. © 2000 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
A Simple Guide Screw Method for Intracranial Xenograft Studies in Mice (2011)

The grafting of human tumor cells into the brain of immunosuppressed mice is an established method for the study of brain cancers including glioblastoma (glioma) and medulloblastoma. The widely used stereotactic approach only allows for the injection of a single animal at a time, is labor intensive and requires highly specialized equipment. The guide screw method, initially developed by Lal et al.,1 was developed to eliminate cumbersome stereotactic procedures. We now describe a modified guide screw approach that is rapid and exceptionally safe; both of which are critical ethical considerations. Notably, our procedure now incorporates an infusion pump that allows up to 10 animals to be simultaneously injected with tumor cells. To demonstrate the utility of this procedure, we established human U87MG glioma cells as intracranial xenografts in mice, which were then treated with AMG102; a fully human antibody directed to HGF/scatter factor currently undergoing clinical evaluation2-5. Systemic injection of AMG102 significantly prolonged the survival of all mice with intracranial U87MG xenografts and resulted in a number of complete cures. This study demonstrates that the guide screw method is an inexpensive, highly reproducible approach for establishing intracranial xenografts. Furthermore, it provides a relevant physiological model for validating novel therapeutic strategies for the treatment of brain cancers.
Milk, Milk Products, and Dental Health (1987)

Among the many benefits of consumption of milk and milk products are the teeth and bone building and strengthening characteristics of certain of the nutrients. Calcium is commonly associated with strong teeth and bones.
Injectable gellan gum hydrogels with autologous cells for the treatment of rabbit articular cartilage defects (2010)

In this work, the ability of gellan gum hydrogels coupled with autologous cells to regenerate rabbit full-thickness articular cartilage defects was tested. Five study groups were defined: (a) gellan gum with encapsulated chondrogenic predifferentiated rabbit adipose stem cells (ASC + GF); (b) gellan gum with encapsulated nonchondrogenic predifferentiated rabbit adipose stem cells (ASC); (c) gellan gum with encapsulated rabbit articular chondrocytes (AC) (standard control); (d) gellan gum alone (control); (e) empty defect (control). Full-thickness articular cartilage defects were created and the gellan gum constructs were injected and left for 8 weeks. The macroscopic aspect of the explants showed a progressive increase of similarity with the lateral native cartilage, stable integration at the defect site, more pronouncedly in the cell-loaded constructs. Tissue scoring showed that ASC + GF exhibited the best results regarding tissue quality progression. Alcian blue retrieved similar results with a better outcome for the cell-loaded constructs. Regarding real-time PCR analyses, ASC + GF had the best progression with an upregulation of collagen type II and aggrecan, and a downregulation of collagen type I. Gellan gum hydrogels combined with autologous cells constitute a promising approach for the treatment of articular cartilage defects, and adipose derived cells may constitute a valid alternative to currently used articular chondrocytes.
Some observations on the structure, cation content and possible evolutionary status of dinoflagellate chromosomes (1984)

SICEE, D. C., 1984. Some observations on the structure, cation content and possible evolutionary status of dinoflagellate chromosomes. Dinoflagellate chromosomes have a well-ordered structure, as observed in living cells, glutaraldehyde/osmium tetroxide-fixed cells, ultrathin cryosections and freeze-etch preparations. It is suggested that the stabilization of this chromatin in the living cell is largely mediated by divalent cations, acting as bridging molecules between the DNA superstructure and the protein matrix. Studies using X-ray micro-analysis and autoradiography have shown that these chromosomes have high levels of bound Ca and transition metals, and that these are associated with both the DNA and surrounding proteins. The organization and stabilization of chromatin in dinoflagellate chromosomes is quite different from that of the cells of other eukaryotes, but shows some resemblance to the dispersed chromatin of bacteria. The evolution of dinoflagellate chromosomes from a prokaryote-like ancestral genome is attributed to two main factors–the retention of a primitive cationic non-histone stabilization system, and a pronounced evolutionary trend towards high DNA values. On this theory, dinoflagellate chromosomes are phylogenetically distinct from all other eukaryote chromosomes, and provide a separate evolutionary route for the attainment of high DNA levels and increased cell size.
FMSP-Nanoparticles Induced Cell Death on Human Breast Adenocarcinoma Cell Line (MCF-7 Cells): Morphometric Analysis (2018)

Currently, breast cancer treatment mostly revolves around radiation therapy and surgical interventions, but often these treatments do not provide satisfactory relief to the patients and cause unmanageable side-effects. Nanomaterials show promising results in treating cancer cells and have many advantages such as high biocompatibility, bioavailability and effective therapeutic capabilities. Interestingly, fluorescent magnetic nanoparticles have been used in many biological and diagnostic applications, but there is no report of use of fluorescent magnetic submicronic polymer nanoparticles (FMSP-nanoparticles) in the treatment of human breast cancer cells. In the present study, we tested the effect of FMSP-nanoparticles on human breast cancer cells (MCF-7). We tested different concentrations (1.25, 12.5 and 50 µg/mL) of FMSP-nanoparticles in MCF-7 cells and evaluated the nanoparticles response morphometrically. Our results revealed that FMSP-nanoparticles produced a concentration dependent effect on the cancer cells, a dose of 1.25 µg/mL produced no significant effect on the cancer cell morphology and cell death, whereas dosages of 12.5 and 50 µg/mL resulted in significant nuclear augmentation, disintegration, chromatic condensation followed by dose dependent cell death. Our results demonstrate that FMSP-nanoparticles induce cell death in MCF-7 cells and may be a potential anti-cancer agent for breast cancer treatment.
ReMatch: a web-based tool to construct, store and share stoichiometric metabolic models with carbon maps for metabolic flux analysis (2008)

Summar y ReMatch is a web-based, user-friendly tool that constructs stoichiometric network models for metabolic flux analysis, integrating user-developed models into a database collected from several comprehensive metabolic data resources, including KEGG, MetaCyc and CheBI. Particularly, ReMatch augments the metabolic reactions of the model with carbon mappings to facilitate The construction of a network model consisting of biochemical reactions is the first step in most metabolic modelling tasks. This model construction can be a tedious task as the required information is usually scattered to many separate databases whose interoperability is suboptimal, due to the heterogeneous naming conventions of metabolites in different databases. Another, particularly severe data integration problem is faced in ReMatch has been developed to solve the above data integration problems. First, ReMatch matches the imported user-developed model against the internal ReMatch database while considering a comprehensive metabolite name thesaurus. This, together with wild card support, allows the user to specify the model quickly without having to look the names up manually. Second, ReMatch is able to augment reactions of the model with carbon mappings, obtained either from the internal database or given by the user with an easy-touse tool. The constructed models can be exported into 13C-FLUX and SBML file formats. Further, a stoichiometric matrix and visualizations of the network model can be generated. The constructed models of metabolic networks can be optionally made available to the other users of ReMatch. Thus, ReMatch provides a common repository for metabolic network models with carbon mappings for the needs of metabolic flux analysis community. ReMatch is freely available for academic use at http://www.cs.helsinki.fi/group/sysfys/software/rematch/.
Chip-level substrate noise analysis with network reduction by fundamental matrix computation (2002)

The fundamental matrix (F-matrix) based substrate mesh reduction technique is incorporated in a chip-level substrate noise simulation methodology. A system-level equivalent circuit model of a 0.6 /spl mu/m CMOS substrate noise evaluation chip demonstrates simulation errors of less than 15% by comparing it with 100 ps 100 /spl mu/V substrate noise waveform measurements.