gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Synergetic Use of the WSR-88D Radars, GOES-R Satellites, and Lightning Networks to Study Microphysical Characteristics of Hurricanes (2020)

Abstract This study analyzes the microphysics and precipitation pattern of Hurricanes Harvey (2017) and Florence (2018) in both the eyewall and outer rainband regions. From the retrievals by a satellite red–green–blue scheme, the outer rainbands show a strong convective structure while the inner eyewall has less convective vigor (i.e., weaker upper-level reflectivities and electrification), which may be related to stronger vertical wind shear that hinders fast vertical motions. The WSR-88D column-vertical profiles further confirm that the outer rainband clouds have strong vertical motion and large ice-phase hydrometeor formation aloft, which correlates well with 3D Lightning Mapping Array source counts in height and time. From the results from this study, it is determined that the inner eyewall region is dominated by warm rain, whereas the external rainband region contains intense mixed-phase precipitation. External rainbands are defined here as those that reside outside of the main hurricane circulation, associated with surface tropical storm wind speeds. The synergy of satellite and radar dual-polarization parameters is instrumental in distinguishing between the key microphysical features of intense convective rainbands and the warm-rain-dominated eyewall regions within the hurricanes. Substantial amounts of ice aloft and intense updrafts in the external rainbands are indicative of heavy surface precipitation, which can have important implications for severe weather warnings and quantitative precipitation forecasts. The novel part of this study is to combine ground-based radar measurement with satellite observations to study hurricane microphysical structure from surface to cloud top so as to fill in the gaps between the two observational techniques.
CMR measurements of myocardial infarct heterogeneity using MCLE and IR-FGRE: correlation with arrhythmia inducibility and severe ICD events in patients with ischemic heart disease (2012)

This study used CMR to evaluate patients with IHD prior to ICD implantation and correlated CMR measurements to VA inducibility and spontaneous VA events during follow-up. The results demonstrated that the gray-zone measurement using MCLE may be more sensitive in predicting appropriate ICD therapy for VA.
Flexible home care automation - adapting to the personal and evolving needs and situations of the patient (2009)

Health monitoring and healthcare provisioning at home (i.e., outside the hospital) have received increasingly attention as a possible and partial solution for addressing the problems of an aging population. There are still many technological issues that need to be solved before home healthcare syste
Dual-band passive infrared imagery for automatic clutter rejection (2000)

In a typical automatic target recognition (ATR) system, the target detection module often produces too many false alarms, which may severely inhibit the effectiveness of the subsequent target classifier module. An effective clutter rejector is therefore needed between these two modules to reduce these false alarms. We explore the potential benefits of using dual-band infrared imagery to improve the performance of an eigenneural-based clutter rejector. Individual or combined bands of images are first compressed through eigenspace transformations, such as principal component analysis. The transformed data are then fed to a neural network that decides whether the input is a target or clutter. A huge and realistic set of dual-band passive infrared images was used in a series of experiments.
Cr(III) Is Indirectly Oxidized by the Mn(II)-Oxidizing Bacterium Bacillus sp. Strain SG-1 (2006)

Manganese oxides are the only known oxidants of Cr(III) in the environment, and predictions of the fate of Cr(III) have been based on Cr(III) oxidation rates with well-characterized Mn(III,IV) oxide minerals. Our research, however, indicates that the presence of Mn(II)-oxidizing bacteria, may accelerate these rates through the production of very reactive Mn oxides or intermediates formed in the oxidation process. Experiments with the Mn(II)-oxidizing Bacillus sp. strain SG-1 show that this bacterium can accelerate Cr(III) oxidation compared to both abiotic and biologically produced Mn oxides. Initial rates of Cr(III) oxidation by biogenic oxides were approximately 7 times faster than Cr(III) oxidation rates by equivalent amounts of synthetic δ-MnO(2) and 25 times faster by SG-1 spores with Mn(II). Cr(III) oxidation by SG-1 is not direct; Mn is required, but only in small amounts, indicating that it is recycled. Cr(III) oxidation is inhibited above 5 μM dissolved Mn(II), while Mn(II) oxidation is not, suggesting that the processes are controlled by different mechanisms. These results illustrate the need to consider bacterial activity and the concentration of Mn when predicting the potential for Cr(III) oxidation.
FullHD CEST imaging in the human brain at 7T (2018)

Spectral highly resolved Z-spectra in vivo are desirable for e.g. peak assignment in quantitative CEST, identification of CEST signal substructures, machine learning approaches or sequence parameter optimization. We showed that the acquisition of densely sampled Z-spectra is possible. By applying latest developments in 3D image acquisition and post-processing including motion correction, steady state compensation and spectral denoising, we overcame limitations in measurement time.
Coding schemes for chip-to-chip interconnect applications (2006)

Increasing demand for high-speed interchip interconnects requires faster links that consume less power. The Shannon limit for the capacity of these links is at least an order of magnitude higher than the data rate of the current state-of-the-art designs. Channel coding can be used to approach the theoretical Shannon limit. Although there are numerous capacity-approaching codes in the literature, the complexity of these codes prohibits their use in high-speed interchip applications. This work studies several suitable coding schemes for chip-to-chip communication and backplane application. These coding schemes achieve 3-dB coding gain in the case of an additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) model for the channel. In addition, a more realistic model for the channel is developed here that takes into account the effect of crosstalk, jitter, reflection, inter-symbol interference (ISI), and AWGN. Interestingly, the proposed signaling schemes are significantly less sensitive to such interference. Simulation results show coding gains of 5-8 dB for these methods with three typical channel models. In addition, low-complexity decoding architectures for implementation of these schemes are presented. Finally, circuit simulation results confirm that the high-speed implementations of these methods are feasible.
Research Progress on Pt-Based Anode Catalysts in the Direct Methanol Fuel Cell (2013)

In the past decades, fuel cells have emerged as an ideal device for energy storage and conversion owing to their high-energy conversion efficiency and low pollutant emission. Among various fuel cells, direct methanol fuel cells (DMFCs) appear to be one of the most promising systems because of their low operating temperatures, high energy density and easy transportation. However, it is known that the widespread commercial application of these cells is hindered by the high cost due to the exclusive use of platinum and platinum alloy catalysts. Thus, it is of great scientific and practical importance to exploit relatively inexpensive and highly active electrocatalysts for methanol oxidation. Although the utilization of non-noble catalysts may bring cost reduction to a certain degree, the excessively low performance is far below the commercial standard. Additionally, the formation and accumulation of intermediate species, such as CO ad and CHO ad , which strongly adsorbed on the Pt surface, can substantially limit the efficience of the catalyst. Two main mechanisms are widely accepted to explain this improved tolerance to CO. As to the bifunctional mechanism model, a second metal can provide oxygenated species at lower potentials for oxidative removal of adsorbed CO. According to the intrinsic or ligand mechanism, the integrated metal modifies the electronic structure of Pt atoms, lowering the adsorption energy of CO ads and facilitating the oxidation of CO ads at a lower potential. Therefore, it seems that the modification or optimization based on monometallic Pt catalyst may be more practical. To our best understanding, the macroscopic structure of the catalyst plays a significant role in determining its intrinsic electronic construction. Hence, it is reasonable to improve the performance of the catalyst through monitoring its macroscopic properties to change the microscopic structure. In this paper, recent research progresses on the various approaches for the performance elevation of the anode catalyst have been summarized, mainly focusing on the composition, the morphology and the granularity. Especially the modification mechanisms have also been discussed.
Light Evokes Melanopsin-Dependent Vocalization and Neural Activation Associated with Aversive Experience in Neonatal Mice (2012)

Melanopsin-expressing intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs) are the only functional photoreceptive cells in the eye of newborn mice. Through postnatal day 9, in the absence of functional rods and cones, these ipRGCs mediate a robust avoidance behavior to a light source, termed negative phototaxis. To determine whether this behavior is associated with an aversive experience in neonatal mice, we characterized light-induced vocalizations and patterns of neuronal activation in regions of the brain involved in the processing of aversive and painful stimuli. Light evoked distinct melanopsin-dependent ultrasonic vocalizations identical to those emitted under stressful conditions, such as isolation from the litter. In contrast, light did not evoke the broad-spectrum calls elicited by acute mechanical pain. Using markers of neuronal activation, we found that light induced the immediate-early gene product Fos in the posterior thalamus, a brain region associated with the enhancement of responses to mechanical stimulation of the dura by light, and thought to be the basis for migrainous photophobia. Additionally, light induced the phosphorylation of extracellular-related kinase (pERK) in neurons of the central amygdala, an intracellular signal associated with the processing of the aversive aspects of pain. However, light did not activate Fos expression in the spinal trigeminal nucleus caudalis, the primary receptive field for painful stimulation to the head. We conclude that these light-evoked vocalizations and the distinct pattern of brain activation in neonatal mice are consistent with a melanopsin-dependent neural pathway involved in processing light as an aversive but not acutely painful stimulus.
Automated Generation of Requirements for the Highly Fault-Tolerant System Behaviour of a Distributed and Integrated Avionics Platform (2022)

International audience
A computer‐controlled closed anaesthetic breathing system (1993)

We describe the design and working of a computer-controlled, closed anaesthetic breathing system which rapidly achieves and maintains a prescribed end-tidal concentration of isoflurane in oxygen. The system is simple to set up and not expensive; the only nonstandard component is a modified glass syringe. We have demonstrated that gas analysers may contribute as much as the patient to the accumulation of nitrogen within the breathing system. Details of our clinical experience with the system are presented in an accompanying article.
Load-deformation behaviour of a deformable rockbolt and accessories under dynamic loading (2014)

This paper presents the results of investigation into the capacity of a deformable support system (D-Bolt) to handle various types of dynamic events. Instrumented D-Bolts and plates were subjected to drop tests, providing insights into the effects of dynamic loading onto dynamically resistant bolting systems. Strain measurements are taken during and after the impacts on the bolt. A correlation is drawn from the static performance of the components and their dynamic resilience. A discussion on the reaction of a support system to various forms of dynamic events is presented and suggestions on further requirements of dynamic support system are put forward. Comparison to design methods and support system calculation are offered. Suggestions on dynamic testing protocols are also offered.
HUMAN ATRIAL NATRIURETIC PEPTIDE (1987)

Atrial peptides have been the subject of increasing attention since de Bold demonstrated that atrial extracts, when administered to anaethetized rats, induced a potent natriuretic and diuretic response (de Bold, 1979; de Bold et al., 198 1). Within 3 years, specific peptides with natriuretic and vasorelaxant activities were isolated, identified and synthesized (Flynn et al., 1983; Kangawa & Matsuo, 1984) to allow studies in experimental animals, including man. These studies have lead to the concept that atrial peptides, secreted in response to increased atrial pressure, are specific hormones with a wide range of renal, haemodynamic and endocrine actions which serve to regulate circulatory volume and blood pressure. Since many aspects of atrial peptide chemistry and physiology in experimental animals have been recently reviewed (Cantin & Genest, 1985; Ballerman & Brenner, 1985; Flynn & Davies, 1985; Needleman et al., 1985; Needleman & Greenwald, 1986), the focus of this review is atrial natriuretic peptide in man.
Presence of STRA-STRB linked streptomycin-resistance genes in clinical isolate of Escherichia coil 2418. (2010)

The streptomycin resistance of Escherichia coli 2418 strain has been shown to be associated with a 1.2-kb DNA fragment found in the naturally occurring plasmid R2418S. Here, nucleotide sequence analysis of the 1.2-kb DNA fragment revealed the presence of the strB gene which is located immediately downstream of the strA gene. Both sequences are identical to those of strA and strB genes in plasmid RSF1010. Thus, the observed resistance in the clinical isolate is due to the presence of strA-strB genes encoding streptomycin-modifying enzymes. The sequence downstream of strB gene showed a perfect homology with that of RSF1010. In addition, it contained the right inverted repeat of the transposon Tn5393 that has been suggested to be a relic of this transposon found in DNA plasmids isolated from human- and animal-associated bacteria.
Towards Full-Body Gesture Analysis and Recognition (2005)

With computers being embedded in every walk of our life, there is an increasing demand forintuitive devices for human-computer interaction. As human beings use gestures as importantmeans of communication, devices based on gesture recognition systems will be effective for humaninteraction with computers. However, it is very important to keep such a system as non-intrusive aspossible, to reduce the limitations of interactions. Designing such non-intrusive, intuitive, camerabasedreal-time gesture recognition system has been an active area of research research in the fieldof computer vision.Gesture recognition invariably involves tracking body parts. We find many research works intracking body parts like eyes, lips, face etc. However, there is relatively little work being done onfull body tracking. Full-body tracking is difficult because it is expensive to model the full-body aseither 2D or 3D model and to track its movements.In this work, we propose a monocular gesture recognition system that focuses on recognizing a setof arm movements commonly used to direct traffic, guiding aircraft landing and for communicationover long distances. This is an attempt towards implementing gesture recognition systems thatrequire full body tracking, for e.g. an automated recognition semaphore flag signaling system.We have implemented a robust full-body tracking system, which forms the backbone of ourgesture analyzer. The tracker makes use of two dimensional link-joint (LJ) model, which representsthe human body, for tracking. Currently, we track the movements of the arms in a video sequence,however we have future plans to make the system real-time. We use distance transform techniquesto track the movements by fitting the parameters of LJ model in every frames of the video captured.The tracker's output is fed a to state-machine which identifies the gestures made. We haveimplemented this system using four sub-systems. Namely1. Background subtraction sub-system, using Gaussian models and median filters.2. Full-body Tracker, using L-J Model APIs3. Quantizer, that converts tracker's output into defined alphabets4. Gesture analyzer, that reads the alphabets into action performed.Currently, our gesture vocabulary contains gestures involving arms moving up and down which canbe used for detecting semaphore, flag signaling system. Also we can detect gestures like clappingand waving of arms.
Barrier Sprays to Control Argentine Ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) (1996)

Insecticide was applied to the perimeter of homes and adjacent areas likely to be visited by Argentine ants, Iridomyrmex humilis (Mayr). Treatment configuration consisted of a 1.8- to 2.4-m-wide band of spray around the exterior of the structure. Margins of sidewalks and pathways and around stepping stones, bases of trees, potted plants, and garbage cans were sprayed with 1.2-to 1.8-m-wide bands. Based on monitoring with traps, significant and relevant control was achieved when the number of ants trapped post treatment declined at least 80%. Barrier sprays of 237 mg (AI)/m2 chlorpyrifos, 14.5 mg (AI)/m2 cyfluthrin and 67.2 mg (AI)/m2 cypermethrin provided >80% reductions in the number of ants trapped at 7 d. Chlorpyrifos provided >82% reductions for at least 30 d. The combination of cyfluthrin spray + granules provided >85% reductions in ant trap counts at day 7. Only the combination treatment provided >80% reductions at 60 d. Cypermethrin and permethrin sprays failed to provide >80% reductions for 30 d. Factors that likely contribute to decreased performance of barrier sprays against ants include heavy irrigation, dense ground cover, exposure to direct sunlight, alkaline nature of the stucco and concrete surfaces, and extremely high temperatures.
Significance of P2X7 Receptor Variants to Human Health and Disease (2011)

The human P2X7 receptor is a trimeric ligand-gated cation channel coded by the P2XR7 gene located at chromosome position 12q24. P2X7 is expressed in a wide variety of normal and disease-associated cell types. Activation of this receptor by extracellular adenosine 5'-triphosphate results in numerous downstream events including the release of pro-inflammatory mediators, cell proliferation or death, and killing of intracellular pathogens. As a result, P2X7 plays important roles in inflammation, immunity, bone homeostasis, neurological function and neoplasia. The P2XR7 gene encodes a P2X7 subunit 595 amino acids in length, however splice isoforms that can alter receptor expression and function, and modify the signaling properties downstream of receptor activation also exist. Moreover, the relative amount of P2X7 function varies between human individuals due to numerous single nucleotide polymorphisms resulting in either loss- or gain-of-function. Combinations of these polymorphisms give rise to various haplotypes that can also modify P2X7 function. Collectively, P2X7, and its splice and polymorphic variants are attracting considerable interest in relation to human health and disease, including the development and publication of a number of patents.
Solution Structure of Human Intestinal Fatty Acid Binding Protein with a Naturally-Occurring Single Amino Acid Substitution (A54T) that Is Associated with Altered Lipid Metabolism, (2003)

The human intestinal fatty acid binding protein (I-FABP) belongs to a family of intracellular lipid binding proteins. This 15 kDa protein binds dietary long-chain fatty acids in the cytosol of enterocytes. A naturally-occurring nucleotide polymorphism at codon 54, which produces either an alanine-containing (A54) or a threonine-containing (T54) protein, has been identified. These two I-FABP forms display differential binding and transport of fatty acids across cells, and their alleles are associated with in vivo insulin resistance and/or altered lipid metabolism in several human populations. The three-dimensional solution structure of the more common A54 form was previously determined in our lab. A direct comparison between human A54 and T54 I-FABP has now been performed to help elucidate the structural origins of their physiological distinctions. The solution structure of T54 I-FABP is highly homologous to that of A54 I-FABP, with the same overall three-dimensional fold that includes an antiparallel beta-clam motif. Chemical shift differences between the two proteins suggest only minor local structural changes within the "portal region" and no significant alterations elsewhere. Hence, the slightly stronger binding of fatty acids to T54 I-FABP does not originate from residues in direct contact with the bound fatty acid. Instead, it appears that the larger Thr(54) side chain affects the passage of the ligand through the entry portal. Structural details of this portal region will be discussed in view of the influence residue 54 exerts on the functional properties of human I-FABP.
International Legal Approaches to Neurosurgery for Psychiatric Disorders (2021)

Neurosurgery for psychiatric disorders (NPD), also sometimes referred to as psychosurgery, is rapidly evolving, with new techniques and indications being investigated actively. Many within the field have suggested that some form of guidelines or regulations are needed to help ensure that a promising field develops safely. Multiple countries have enacted specific laws regulating NPD. This article reviews NPD-specific laws drawn from North and South America, Asia and Europe, in order to identify the typical form and contents of these laws and to set the groundwork for the design of an optimal regulation for the field. Key challenges for this design that are revealed by the review are how to define the scope of the law (what should be regulated), what types of regulations are required (eligibility criteria, approval procedures, data collection, and oversight mechanisms), and how to approach international harmonization given the potential migration of researchers and patients.
Power losses estimation platform for power converters (2004)

A power losses analysis platform integrating powerful analysis software Pspice/sup /spl trade//, MathCAD/sup /spl trade// and Maxwell/sup /spl trade// capable of calculating losses on the key components in converters is presented. The operational block diagram and the analysis principle, as well as the technical issue, are discussed. One analysis example is given and the prototype is built. The validity of the analysis is verified by the experimental results.
Aus der Chemie der hochquellfähigen Tone (Bentonite) (1956)

Abstract Die hochquellfähigen Tone oder Bentonite enthalten als entscheidendes Tonmineral den Montmorillonit, der in vielen durch die chemische Zusammensetzung unterscheidbaren Varietäten auftritt. Allen gemeinsam ist, daß sie Schichtgitter bilden, die innerkristallin quellen können und im Zusammenhang damit ein sehr hohes Kationenaustausch‐Vermögen besitzen. Innerkristalline Quellung und Kationenaustausch‐Vermögen sind die Ursachen für die technische Anwendung dieser Mineralien im Gießereisand, in der Keramik, in der Bohrspülung und in der Bauindustrie, zur Stabilisierung von Wein und Bier und zur Herstellung von Isoliermitteln.
Preventing Harm From Thimerosal in Vaccines (2000)

To the Editor: The editorial by Dr Halsey1 presents a positive picture of the events surrounding the new recommendations for vaccines containing thimerosal; in my view, what happened was nothing less than a public health disaster.