gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effects of electrolytes on the surface and micellar characteristics of Sodium dodecyl sulphate surfactant solution (2016)

The effect of some electrolytes (namely sodium acetate and calcium acetate) on their critical micelle concentration (CMC), have been determined by spectrophotometric, conductometeric and surface tension measurement method at 298K, 308K and 318K. From the surface tension data physico-chemical properties such as surface excess concentration (Γmax) and minimum area per molecule (Amin) at surface have been obtained. From the observed CMC data, free energy of micellization (∆Gmic), entropy change of micellization (∆Smic), and enthalpy change of micellizaton (∆Hmic) for the studied surfactant solutions with or without electrolyte have been obtained. The results have been interpreted in light of inter-molecular interaction.
Hepatotoxicidade de plantas medicinais. LII. Ação da Infusão de Solanum lycocarpum St. Hil. no rato (2010)

O presente trabalho teve por objetivo o estudo da hepatotoxicidade de Solanum lycocarpum St. Hil. sob a forma de infusao. Para tal, foram utilizados ratos albinos, variedade Wistar, pesando em media 185 gramas. Durante dez dias, os animais receberam no bebedouro infusao de frutos de lobeira (10 g/litro de agua) ad libitum. Apos o sacrificio pelo eter, foram colhidos fragmentos de figado, sendo estes imersos em formol a 10% e deixados a fixar durante 24 horas. Apos inclusao em parafina, as pecas foram seccionadas com 6 μm de espessura e os cortes corados com hematoxilina e eosina. A estrutura hepatica foi analisada ao microscopio de luz e avaliada cariometrica e estereologicamente. Ao exame histopatologico, os cortes mostraram hepatocitos de maior volume, alguns com citoplasma granuloso e vacuolado e outros com maior acidofilia; seus nucleos eram semelhantes aos dos controles, porem mais arredondados, sendo que alguns estavam em lise. Os vasos estavam dilatados e o espaco-porta, desorganizado. Foram observados focos de inflamacao cronica entre os hepatocitos e no espaco-porta. Cariometricamente, os nucleos dos hepatocitos mostraram-se semelhantes aos dos controles. Estereologicamente, foi possivel observar um grande aumento dos volumes celular e citoplasmatico e menor quantidade de celulas por mm3. Em suma, a infusao de frutos de lobeira provocou alteracoes significantes no figado do rato.
Diacetyl Increases Sensory Innervation and Substance P Production in Rat Trachea (2013)

Inhalation of diacetyl, a butter flavoring, causes airway responses potentially mediated by sensory nerves. This study examines diacetyl-induced changes in sensory nerves of tracheal epithelium. Rats (n = 6/group) inhaled 0-, 25-, 249-, or 346-ppm diacetyl for 6 hr. Tracheas and vagal ganglia were removed 1-day postexposure and labeled for substance P (SP) or protein gene product 9.5 (PGP9.5). Vagal ganglia neurons projecting to airway epithelium were identified by axonal transport of fluorescent microspheres intratracheally instilled 14 days before diacetyl inhalation. End points were SP and PGP9.5 nerve fiber density (NFD) in tracheal epithelium and SP-positive neurons projecting to the trachea. PGP9.5-immunoreactive NFD decreased in foci with denuded epithelium, suggesting loss of airway sensory innervation. However, in the intact epithelium adjacent to denuded foci, SP-immunoreactive NFD increased from 0.01 ± 0.002 in controls to 0.05 ± 0.01 after exposure to 346-ppm diacetyl. In vagal ganglia, SP-positive airway neurons increased from 3.3 ± 3.0% in controls to 25.5 ± 6.6% after inhaling 346-ppm diacetyl. Thus, diacetyl inhalation increases SP levels in sensory nerves of airway epithelium. Because SP release in airways promotes inflammation and activation of sensory nerves mediates reflexes, neural changes may contribute to flavorings-related lung disease pathogenesis.
Synergic silencing of costimulatory molecules prevents cardiac allograft rejection (2014)

This study demonstrates that the simultaneous silencing of CD40 and CD80 genes has synergistic effects in preventing allograft rejection, and may therefore have therapeutic potential in clinical transplantation.
A diabetes-susceptible HLA haplotype is best defined by a combination of HLA-DR and -DQ alleles. (1989)

HLA-DR4 is associated with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) in many populations. Many recent studies suggest that the DR4 effect is really due to DQ3.2, an allele of the nearby DQB1 locus. We used T cell clones, MAb, and allele-specific oligonucleotides to test IDDM and control subjects for DR4 subtypes (Dw4, Dw10, Dw13, and Dw14) and for DR4-associated DQB1 alleles (DQ3.1 and DQ3.2). We find that (a) IDDM is approximately equally associated with alleles of the DRB1 locus (Dw4 and Dw10, combined relative risk, RR = 6.4) and the DQB1 locus (DQ3.2, RR = 5.9); and (b) there is significant interaction, in a statistical sense, between these DR and DQ alleles in IDDM. The only IDDM-associated DR4 haplotypes were those carrying the IDDM-associated alleles at both loci (RR = 12.1); haplotypes with Dw4 or 10 but not DQ3.2, or vice versa, had a RR less than 1. Alternative explanations include: (a) that susceptibility requires specific allelic products of both DR and DQ loci; (b) that the combination of certain DR and DQ alleles marks haplotypes with the true susceptibility allele at a third locus; or (c) that Dw4 and 10 mark haplotypes with an allele at another locus that interacts with DQ3.2. As discussed, this third locus is unlikely to be DQA1 (DQ alpha). The data thus are not easily reconciled with an exclusive effect of HLA-DQ. This information increases our ability to predict IDDM by genetic typing: in the population studied, heterozygotes DR3/[DQ3.2, Dw4] or DR3/[DQ3.2, Dw10] had a relative risk of 38.0 and an absolute risk of 1 in 15.
Oxygen Imaging by Cerenkov-Excited Phosphorescence in Glioma Tumors during Radiation Therapy (2014)

Cherenkov photons generated during radiation therapy excite a phosphorescent agent, Platinum(II)G4, whose triplet lifetime is sensitive to pO2. Phosphorescence emission is measured at the boundary of rodent glioma subjects and beam-guided recovery is outlined for local pO2 estimation.
Case report Septal myectomy for hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy: coil, boil and the role of rescue surgery (2009)

Interventional treatment of hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy has considerably developed and primary surgical approach is nowadays considered for a minority of patients with insufficient relief of obstruction following catheter intervention. We present the history of a patient who underwent alcohol ablation and developed a life-threatening ventricular septal defect consecutively to a large myocardial infarction because of alcohol injection into the LAD. # 2009 European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Synthesis of polydicyclopentadiene using the Cp2TiCl2/Et2AlCl catalytic system and thin-layer oxidation of the polymer in air (2019)

The polymerization process of dicyclopentadiene using a multicomponent catalytic system based on bis(cyclopentadienyl)titanium dichloride and diethylaluminum chloride was studied. It was demonstrated that the application of an excess of the aluminum component leads to the formation of stable charged complexes of blue discoloration, which initiate cationic polymerization of dicyclopentadiene. Unstabilized thin layers of obtained polydicyclopentadiene undergo oxidation and structuring under atmospheric oxygen. Oxidation of polydicyclopentadiene films in air occurs slowly during several weeks and can be determined by the increase of carbonyl and hydroxyl adsorption bands in infrared spectra. Along with oxidation, cross-linking processes occur in polymers, which lead to a change in physical parameters of the layers, and more precisely to a decrease in the permeability of atmospheric oxygen through the layers. Consequently, this leads to the transition of the oxidation from a kinetic mode into a diffusive mode. Such structural changes do not occur in a polymer that was stabilized by adding an antioxidant.
Qualitative analysis of force distribution in a 3-phase Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machine (2009)

Recent research has seen an emergence of permanent magnet synchronous machines (PMSM) as strong contenders for applications requiring low torque pulsations and larger torque per (RMS) amp for the same volume of the machine. They are also highly in demand for applications requiring high fault tolerance. Owing to the advent of modern power electronics and advanced control schemes, little effort has been put into investigating the actual process of energy conversion in these machines. This paper presents a qualitative analysis of force generation in a 3-phase permanent magnet synchronous machine. Using finite element analysis, the generation of electromagnetic force in different layers of the machine has been studied. Understanding energy conversion in such an electromagnetic transducer is particularly useful for design engineers since it can be used to optimize the performance by slight variations in geometry. Applications include reduction of vibration & acoustic noise, maximizing the useful component of force and optimizing output for a given constraint in volume. Simulation results with discussion and some preliminary experimental measurements have been presented.
Supplementary Table 2 from IL32 Is Progressively Expressed in Mycosis Fungoides Independent of Helper T-cell 2 and Helper T-cell 9 Polarization (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 316K, Selected upregulated and down regulated genes of IL-32 treated MyLa and HH cells.&lt;/p&gt;
The superconvergent patch recovery and a posteriori error estimates. Part 1: The recovery technique (1992)

Abstract This is the first of two papers concerning superconvergent recovery techniques and a posteriori error estimation. In this paper, a general recovery technique is developed for determining the derivatives (stresses) of the finite element solutions at nodes. The implementation of the recovery technique is simple and cost effective. The technique has been tested for a group of widely used linear, quadratic and cubic elements for both one and two dimensional problems. Numerical experiments demonstrate that the recovered nodal values of the derivatives with linear and cubic elements are superconvergent. One order higher accuracy is achieved by the procedure with linear and cubic elements but two order higher accuracy is achieved for the derivatives with quadratic elements. In particular, an O ( h 4 ) convergence of the nodal values of the derivatives for a quadratic triangular element is reported for the first time. The performance of the proposed technique is compared with the widely used smoothing procedure of global L 2 projection and other methods. It is found that the derivatives recovered at interelement nodes, by using L 2 projection, are also superconvergent for linear elements but not for quadratic elements. Numerical experiments on the convergence of the recovered solutions in the energy norm are also presented. Higher rates of convergence are again observed. The results presented in this part of the paper indicate clearly that a new, powerful and economical process is now available which should supersede the currently used post‐processing procedures applied in most codes.
S Table 3 from Sleeping Beauty Transposon Mutagenesis Identifies Genes Driving the Initiation and Metastasis of Uterine Leiomyosarcoma (2023)

&lt;p&gt;gCIS analysis of metastases screen&lt;/p&gt;
Regulation of Escherichia coli aspartate transcarbamylase synthesis by guanosine tetraphosphate and pyrimidine ribonucleoside triphosphates (1983)

The effects of guanosine tetraphosphate (ppGpp) and pyrimidine ribonucleoside triphosphates on Escherichia coli aspartate transcarbamylase (ATCase) synthesis were examined. To determine the effect of ppGpp, a stringent (relA+) and relaxed (relA) isogenic pair of E. coli K-12 strains was starved for isoleucine, and the residual rate of synthesis of this enzyme was measured. It was necessary to starve the strains for uracil before the isoleucine limitation to maintain similar, low levels of UTP, the putative pyrimidine effector of ATCase synthesis. The isoleucine starvation of the stringent strain caused an immediate 10-fold increase in the intracellular concentration of ppGpp, which was coincident with the cessation of the synthesis of the enzyme. The elevated level of ppGpp then decayed until it reached an intracellular concentration similar to that found in unstarved cells. Enzyme synthesis resumed at this time. In the relaxed strain, the intracellular concentration of ppGpp did not increase upon isoleucine starvation and synthesis of the enzyme was not repressed. These experiments strongly indicated that ppGpp acts as a negative effector of ATCase synthesis. The repression of ATCase synthesis by ppGpp was demonstrated directly by using a Salmonella typhimurium (relA) in vitro coupled transcription-translation system with a lambda specialized transducing phage carrying the E. coli K-12 operon encoding the subunits of this enzyme (pyrBI) as a source of DNA. This in vitro system was also used to measure the effects of UTP and CTP on ATCase synthesis. Increasing the concentration of UTP in the in vitro reaction mixture resulted in strong repression of this synthesis, whereas increasing the CTP concentration did not affect synthesis significantly. Possible mechanisms for the regulation of pyr gene expression, including attenuation control, are discussed.
SHIMMER on STS-112: Development and Proof-of-Concept Flight (2003)

Abstract : The Spatial Heterodyne Imager for Mesospheric Radicals (SHIMMER), which is based on a new interferometric technique called Spatial Heterodyne Spectroscopy (SHS), flew on the Space Shuttle Atlantis mission STS-112 in October 2002. SHS has the advantages of high throughput, high spectral resolution, small size, low mass, all in a rugged instrument with no moving optical components. The SHS proof-of-principal flight successfully demonstrated the suitability of SHS for spaceflight applications where high spectral resolution measurements over a relatively narrow spectral band are required. In addition, the highest spectral resolution measurement of middle atmospheric hydroxyl (OH) solar resonance fluorescence ever achieved was made by SHIMMER during this mission.
Early Forecasting of Rice Blast Disease Using Long Short-Term Memory Recurrent Neural Networks (2017)

Among all diseases affecting rice production, rice blast disease has the greatest impact. Thus, monitoring and precise prediction of the occurrence of this disease are important; early prediction of the disease would be especially helpful for prevention. Here, we propose an artificial-intelligence-based model for rice blast disease prediction. Historical data on rice blast occurrence in representative areas of rice production in South Korea and historical climatic data are used to develop a region-specific model for three different regions: Cheolwon, Icheon and Milyang. A rice blast incidence is then predicted a year in advance using long-term memory networks (LSTMs). The predictive performance of the proposed LSTM model is evaluated by varying the input variables (i.e., rice blast disease scores, air temperature, relative humidity and sunshine hours). The most widely cultivated rice varieties are also selected and the prediction results for those varieties are analyzed. Application of the LSTM model to the accumulated rice-blast disease score data confirms successful prediction of rice blast incidence. In all regions, the predictions are most accurate when all four input variables are combined. Rice blast fungus prediction using the proposed LSTM model is variety-based; therefore, this model will be more helpful for rice breeders and rice blast researchers than conventional rice blast prediction models.
Isolation and Characteristics of Mesenchymal Stromal Cells from Different Parts of Placenta (2017)

Placenta performs the following functions: protection, nutrition, respiration, hormone production and excretion. As it is a great source of different cells, we are more and more interested to isolate them from the placenta. Cells can be harvested by non-invasive methods and without any ethical concerns. Due to its structure placenta contains Mesenchymal Stromal Cells (MSCs) of maternal and fetal origin. To make the selection easy, in our experiment we only used placentas from women who gave birth to boys. We used two methods to isolate MSCs (CD -collagenase digestion and MC -mechanical cut) from different parts of the placenta: amnion, chorion, villi and deciduae basalis.
Response of blood pressure and cardiac myosin polymorphism to swimming training in the spontaneously hypertensive rat (1982)

Cardiac muscle can adapt to different functional demands, as evidenced by polymorphism of myosin. Pressure load in spontaneously hypertensive rats induced a shift of the myosin isoenzymes towards myosin V3 (18% V1, 27% V2, 55% V3) relative to normotensive Wistar rats (49% V1, 29% V2, 22% V3). A swimming routine with Wistar rats resulted in a shift towards myosin V1 (72% V1, 18% V2, 10% V3). The training effect is not restricted to normotensive rats, since spontaneously hypertensive rats subjected to the same swimming routine exhibited a myosin isoenzyme pattern (38% V1, 31% V2, 31% V3) approaching that of the sedentary Wistar rats. Swimming training can, therefore, prevent the myosin isoenzyme redistribution towards myosin V3 found in sedentary spontaneously hypertensive rats. Furthermore, systolic blood pressure was significantly reduced (130 +/- 8 mmHg (1 mmHg = 133.322 Pa) ) in the swim-trained compared with the sedentary spontaneously hypertensive rats (157 +/- 12 mmHg). The training-induced changes in myosin polymorphism and systolic blood pressure are, at least partially, attributed to substantially normalized sympathetic activity. The functional relevance of swimming training in the spontaneously hypertensive rat is seen in the increased potential of coping with situations requiring fast contraction which may occur during sudden physical exertion or emotional stress.
Super-Resolution Reconstruction of 3D PET Images Using Two Respiratory-Phase Low-Dose CT Images (2016)

Positron emission tomography (PET) images usually suffer from incorrect quantification of the radioactive uptake of small lesions due to low spatial resolution. To improve the spatial resolution, we previously proposed super-resolution (SR) algorithms based on wobble scanning. The proposed algorithms, however, require mechanical motion of the patient bed or a system gantry for wobble scanning. In this paper, we propose a framework for SR reconstruction of 3D PET images based on the use of respiratory motion rather than wobble motion. As in the conventional protocol of PET imaging, gated list-mode PET data are acquired in a free breathing condition. In addition, we acquire two low-dose CT images in a breath-hold manner at exhale and inhale phases, without increasing the radiation burden to a patient. Using the two low-dose CT images, we estimate the 4D motion vector field (MVF) and correspondingly generate a virtual 4D CT image that are matched to the 4D PET image. The 3D CT images have much better spatial resolution than PET images and therefore the corresponding estimated 3D MVFs can be considered reliable for PET SR reconstruction. We then estimate space-variant point spread functions (PSFs) in the imaging field of view using a minimum number of PSFs obtained through Monte-Carlo simulations. Finally, SR reconstruction is performed by incorporating the estimated 3D MVFs and space-variant PSFs. In the SR reconstruction, to avoid the resolution degradation in the evenly spaced parallel-beam rebinning and to reduce the computational time on the graphics processing unit, we introduce a parallel-friendly spanned line of response reconstruction technique based on fan-beam reordering. The proposed framework is evaluated via Monte-Carlo simulations with the digital XCAT phantom and via experiments with several patient datasets including moving lung lesions. Both the simulation and experiment results show that the proposed framework provides much clearer organ boundaries as well as more accurate quantitative lesion information than the conventional methods, with a considerable reduction of computational time.
A zip code with a creek (1993)

Angiogenesis is essential for both primary and metastatic tumor growth. Tumor blood vessel formation is complex and regulated by many factors. Ovarian carcinomas have a poor prognosis, often associated with multifocal intraperitoneal dissemination accompanied by intense neovascularization. To examine tumor angiogenesis in the tumor microenvironment, we studied malignant ascites of patients with untreated ovarian carcinoma. We observed high numbers of plasmacytoid dendritic cells (PDCs) and significant stromal-derived factor (CXCL-12/SDF)-1 in their malignant ascites, attracting PDCs into the tumor environment. We now show that tumor-associated PDCs induced angiogenesis in vivo through production of tumor necrosis factor alpha and interleukin 8. By contrast, myeloid dendritic cells (MDCs) were absent from malignant ascites. MDCs derived in vitro suppressed angiogenesis in vivo through production of interleukin 12. Thus, the tumor may attract PDCs to augment angiogenesis while excluding MDCs to prevent angiogenesis inhibition, demonstrating a novel mechanism for modulating tumor neovascularization. Because dendritic cells (DCs) have long been known to affect tumor immunity, our data also implicate DCs in regulation of tumor neoangiogenesis, suggesting a novel role of DCs in tumor pathology.
Methanol Oxidation on Carbon Supported Pt and Ru – Modified Pt Nanoparticles: a Comparison with Single Crystal and Polycrystalline Electrodes (2006)

Abstract The rate of methanol adsorption and oxidation on carbon supported Pt nanoparticles and polycrystalline Pt has been studied by differential electrochemical mass spectrometry (DEMS) under continuous flow. At room temperature, the maximum adsorption rate at polycrystalline Pt is about 0.06 monolayer per second, whereas at Pt nanoparticles it is 0.04 monolayer per second. On polycrystalline Pt it amounts to 56% of a full CO monolayer, obtained by adsorbing CO from a CO saturated electrolyte. On the nanoparticles only 28% of a full CO monolayer can be obtained. The oxidation rate of the adsorbate is of zero order at polycrystalline Pt, whereas at nanoparticles it is of first order with respect to the coverage. Oxidation of methanol starts below the onset of CO 2 formation. At polycrystalline Pt and Pt(111), the rate of CO 2 formation is determined by the oxidation rate of the adsorbate. At Pt(332) and the nanoparticle electrodes, the rate of CO 2 formation from bulk methanol is higher than that from methanol adsorbate, due to the heterogenity of these electrodes. Similarly to Ru modified Pt single crystal electrodes, Ru modified polycrystalline Pt and Pt nanoparticles offer different adsorption sites for CO, which can be selectively populated.
Responsible Expertise (2007)

Viewing biotechnology as a lens through which to analyse new ways of governing populations, in this article we consider how the United Nations has globally communicated biotechnology’s risks, uncertainties and opportunities to develop and expand what we refer to as ‘responsible expertise’. We specifically examine the activities of UNESCO and the FAO to show how these organizations operate as agencies of rule by, on the one hand, marshalling expertise about biotechnology to identify populations ‘at risk’ and, on the other, capturing the imagination of people as responsible subjects with appropriate expertise to manage their own uncertain futures. As an orientation that engages both expert knowledge and moral judgement, the promotion of responsible expertise around the world signals a strategic shift in the UN’s efforts to tame bio-technology for the everyday decision-maker.