gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Comparison of structural and hemostatic properties of the poly‐N‐acetyl glucosamine Syvek Patch with products containing chitosan (2004)

Polysaccharides are becoming increasingly developed as therapeutics and medical products, as the new field of Glycomics expands. Glycosaminoglycans that contain N-acetyl glucosamine constituents have been the focus of research leading to medical devices. A new hemostatic bandage, the Syvek Patch, has been introduced in the recent past for the control of bleeding at vascular access sites in interventional cardiology and radiology procedures. This product consists of poly-N-acetyl glucosamine (pGlcNAc) isolated in a unique fiber crystalline structural form from the large-scale culture and processing of a marine diatom. The Syvek pGlcNAc fiber material has chemical, physical, and biological properties that result in its favorable performance as a hemostat. Two new products, the Clo-Sur PAD and ChitoSeal, have recently become available also as patch hemostats. These two products both use chitosan, another N-acetyl glucosamine containing glycosaminoglycan, as their active ingredient. Structural, chemical, and biological comparisons of Syvek pGlcNAc and chitosan reveal a number of important differences. Syvek pGlcNAc fibers contain approximately 50 fully acetylated, high molecular weight pGlcNAc molecules in a crystalline, three-dimensional beta structure array, and are insoluble. Chitosan is a low molecular weight mixed amorphous cationic polymer with no regular structure as a solid, and is water-soluble taking on a random coil configuration when in solution. These structural dissimilarities result in differences in the hemostatic properties of the two materials. Syvek pGlcNAc is able to significantly reduce the in vitro fibrin clot formation time of platelet-rich plasma samples and has the ability to cause aggregation of red blood cells in vitro. Chitosan is no better than gauze or other controls in these in vitro assays. The Syvek Patch is able to control the bleeding and cause hemostasis in a coagulopathic swine spleen-bleeding animal model 100% of the time, whereas Clo-Sur PAD was completely unsuccessful (0%) and ChitoSeal (25%) was worse than a gauze pad control (50%) in the same model. Syvek pGlcNAc fibers have structural and chemical properties that provide a unique basis for their ability to interact with blood components to cause hemostasis. Chitosan does not have the same properties and capabilities.
Epidural Spinal Cord Stimulation Plus Quipazine Administration Enable Stepping in Complete Spinal Adult Rats (2007)

We hypothesized that epidural spinal cord stimulation (ES) and quipazine (a serotonergic agonist) modulates the excitability of flexor and extensor related intraspinal neural networks in qualitatively unique, but complementary, ways to facilitate locomotion in spinal cord-injured rats. To test this hypothesis, we stimulated (40 Hz) the S(1) spinal segment before and after quipazine administration (0.3 mg/kg, ip) in bipedally step-trained and nontrained, adult, complete spinal (mid-thoracic) rats. The stepping pattern of these rats was compared with control rats. At the stimulation levels used, stepping was elicited only when the hindlimbs were placed on a moving treadmill. In nontrained rats, the stepping induced by ES and quipazine administration was non-weight bearing, and the cycle period was shorter than in controls. In contrast, the stepping induced by ES and quipazine in step-trained rats was highly coordinated with clear plantar foot placement and partial weight bearing. The effect of ES and quipazine on EMG burst amplitude and duration was greater in flexor than extensor motor pools. Using fast Fourier transformation analysis of EMG bursts during ES, we observed one dominant peak at 40 Hz in the medial gastrocnemius (ankle extensor), whereas there was less of dominant spectral peak in the tibialis anterior (ankle flexor). We suggest that these frequency distributions reflect amplitude modulation of predominantly monosynaptic potentials in the extensor and predominantly polysynaptic pathways in the flexor muscle. Quipazine potentiated the amplitude of these responses. The data suggest that there are fundamental differences in the circuitry that generates flexion and extension during locomotion.
Vertical profiles of environmental parameters measured from physical, optical and imaging sensors during station TARA_038 of the Tara Oceans expedition 2009-2013 (2014)

The Tara Oceans Expedition (2009-2013) sampled the world oceans on board a 36 m long schooner, collecting environmental data and organisms from viruses to planktonic metazoans for later analyses using modern sequencing and state-of-the-art imaging technologies. Tara Oceans Data are particularly suited to study the genetic, morphological and functional diversity of plankton. The present data set includes properties of seawater, particulate matter and dissolved matter from physical, optical and imaging sensors mounted on a vertical sampling system (Rosette) used during the 2009-2013 tara Oceans Expedition. It comprised 2 pairs of conductivity and temperature sensors (SEABIRD components), and a complete set of WEtLabs optical sensors, including chrorophyll and CDOM fluorometers, a 25 cm transmissiometer, and a one-wavelength backscatter meter. In addition, a SATLANTIC ISUS nitrate sensor and a Hydroptic Underwater Vision Profiler (UVP) were mounted on the rosette. In the Arctic Ocean and Arctic Seas (2013), a second oxygen sensor (SBE43) and a four frequency Aquascat acoustic profiler were added. The system was powered on specific Li-Ion batteries and data were self-recorded at 24HZ. Sensors have all been factory calibrated before, during and after the four year program. Oxygen was validated using climatologies (WOA09). Nitrate and Fluorescence data were adjusted with discrete measurements from Niskin bottles mounted on the Rosette, and optical darks were performed monthly on board. A total of 839 quality checked vertical profiles were made during the tara Oceans expedition 2009-2013.
Supplementary Figure 1 from Phase I Study of Pazopanib in Patients with Advanced Solid Tumors and Hepatic Dysfunction: A National Cancer Institute Organ Dysfunction Working Group Study (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF - 36K, Structure of pazopanib and metabolites.&lt;/p&gt;
Incoherent image reconstruction from multiple-laser-speckle patterns (1987)

By averaging over the power spectra of many far-field speckle intensity patterns scattered by a laser-illuminated rough object, one can, after subtraction of a dc term, estimate the autocorrelation of an incoherent image of the object. Equivalently, by averaging the autocorrelations of the many speckle patterns, one can, after subtraction of a bias term, estimate the squared modulus of the Fourier transform of the incoherent image. Then one can reconstruct the incoherent image, or equivalently retrieve the Fourier phase, using a phase retrieval algorithm such as the iterative transform algorithm. Image reconstruction is facilitated by the non-negativity constraint that is valid for incoherent images.
Poly(1,2,4‐oxadiazolidin‐5‐one)s Synthesized by Polycycloaddition of Bisoxaziridines and Diisocyanate (2012)

A premier in polymer chemistry: the cycloaddition of bisoxaziridines with 4,4'-methylene diphenyl diisocyanate yields novel linear poly(1,2,4-oxadiazolidin-5-one) derivatives. The polymers are relatively stable (>200 °C) and model reactions show that the reaction rate strongly depends on the electronic properties of the oxaziridine unit; electron-donating substituents on the C atom of the heterocyclic ring promote the cycloaddition.
Allocation dynamics of photosynthetic product in Artemisia ordosica (1996)

In the different periods of growth, there are different allocation proportions of substance and energy accumulated by Artemisia odorsica in the stems, leaves and flowers of the same year. So there are different growing centres: the leaves are growing centers from Apirl to May. The stems are growing centers in June. The flowers are growing centers in July. The stems become growing centers again from August to September.
Reactions of hexafluorobut-2-yne with alkylgold(I) complexes. Properties of intermediate binuclear gold(I)–gold(III) complexes (1978)

Reactions of alkylgold(I) complexes [AuRL](R = Me, L = PMe3, PMe2Ph, or PMePh2; R = Et, L = PMePh2) with hexafluorobut-2-yne give first the mixed-oxidation-state complexes [LAu{(F3C)CC(CF3)}AuR2L], which react further to give either the binuclear gold(I) complexes [LAu{(F3C)CC(CF3)}AuL] or the products of cis in-sertion of the alkyne into the original Au–C bond, [AuL{(F3C) CCR (CF3)}]. The course of this subsequent reaction is dependent on the nature of L and R and on the solvent, and the reaction mechanisms have been investigated. Hydrogen chloride reacts with [LAu{(F3C)CC(CF3)}AuMe2L](L = PMe3) to cleave the vinylgold(I) bond and give [AuCIL] and [AuMe2L{(F3C)CCH(CF3)}], while metal halides {HgCl2, [PtX2(PMePh2)2]} react initially to cleave a methylgold (III) bond. Both electrophilic-cleavage and reductive-elimination reactions involving the vinylgold bond occur with retention of stereochemistry about the CC bond. Gold-197 Mössbauer spectra of many of the complexes are reported, and show the presence of both AuI and AuIII in some complexes.
Second Harmonic Generation in AlGaAs/AlOx Random Structures. (2007)

Summary form only given. Our aim is to study the nonlinear properties of micro-structured devices, and focus on second harmonic generation in random dielectric structures. We recently proposed[2006] a new method to achieves highly efficient second harmonic generation in random structures. This method does not rely on phase matching, is insensitive to fabrication tolerances, and it provides excellent tunability in both incident angle and wavelength. While overall performance maybe not as high as in high-Q, doubly-resonant devices, yet we find an enha ncement factor that is four orders of magnitude larger than what can be obtained from an unprocessed, nonlinear material, and in excess of one order of magnitude with respect to an ideally phase-matched, nonlinear material. We applied our theoretical results to design, realize and experimentally test a sample made of AlGaAs/AlOx layers grown in a GaAs substrate.
Quantitative predictions of cavitation presence and erosion-prone locations in a high-pressure cavitation test rig (2017)

Experiments and numerical simulations of cavitating flow inside a single-orifice nozzle are presented. The orifice is part of a closed flow circuit, with diesel fuel as the working fluid, designed to replicate the main flow pattern observed in high-pressure diesel injector nozzles. The focus of the present investigation is on cavitation structures appearing inside the orifice, their interaction with turbulence and the induced material erosion. Experimental investigations include high-speed shadowgraphy visualization, X-ray micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) of time-averaged volumetric cavitation distribution inside the orifice as well as pressure and flow rate measurements. The highly transient flow features that are taking place, such as cavity shedding, collapse and vortex cavitation (also known as ‘string cavitation’), have become evident from high-speed images. Additionally, micro-CT enabled the reconstruction of the orifice surface, which provided locations of cavitation erosion sites developed after sufficient operation time. The measurements are used to validate the presented numerical model, which is based on the numerical solution of the Navier–Stokes equation, taking into account compressibility of both the liquid and liquid–vapour mixture. Phase change is accounted for with a newly developed mass transfer rate model, capable of accurately predicting the collapse of vaporous structures. Turbulence is modelled using detached eddy simulation and unsteady features such as cavitating vortices and cavity shedding are observed and discussed. The numerical results show agreement within validation uncertainty with the obtained measurements.
Development of an intelligent decision support system for benchmarking assessment of business partners (2001)

In today’s competitive industrial environment, it is essential that companies are able to focus on their core activities and collaborate with business partners to achieve the common objective of meeting the best satisfaction of customer demands. However, selecting partners based on accumulated experience may not be effective due to subjective judgement and lack of systematic analysis. This paper attempts to propose a partners benchmarking assessment system (PBAS) which incorporates computational intelligence technologies into partners’ benchmarking process to support decision making. Evidence suggests that the undesirables occur in companies such as extensive delays in the planned schedule, serious quality problems and cost overruns are, to a certain extent, related to the unfulfilled promises of business partners. In this paper, the PBAS is designed to propose an alternative approach to benchmark the business partners based on case‐based reasoning and neural network. To validate the proposed system, a prototype has been developed and tested in an emulated industrial environment. The case example is outlined with analysis of the feasibility of this proposed system based on test results.
Quasistatic formation of the spheromak plasma configuration (1980)

A novel method for creating the spheromak configuration has been proposed and verified experimentally. The scheme is based on a transfer of poloidal and toroidal magnetic fluxes into a plasma from a flux core. In this paper we present the first experimental verification of this quasistatic (tau/sub Alf/ much less than tau/sub form/ < tau/sub diff/) formation scheme, which is suitable for future scale-up to fusion-reactor parameters.
Heme Oxygenase-1 Induction and Organic Nitrate Therapy: Beneficial Effects on Endothelial Dysfunction, Nitrate Tolerance, and Vascular Oxidative Stress (2012)

Organic nitrates are a group of very effective anti-ischemic drugs. They are used for the treatment of patients with stable angina, acute myocardial infarction, and chronic congestive heart failure. A major therapeutic limitation inherent to organic nitrates is the development of tolerance, which occurs during chronic treatment with these agents, and this phenomenon is largely based on induction of oxidative stress with subsequent endothelial dysfunction. We therefore speculated that induction of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) could be an efficient strategy to overcome nitrate tolerance and the associated side effects. Indeed, we found that hemin cotreatment prevented the development of nitrate tolerance and vascular oxidative stress in response to chronic nitroglycerin therapy. Vice versa, pentaerithrityl tetranitrate (PETN), a nitrate that was previously reported to be devoid of adverse side effects, displayed tolerance and oxidative stress when the HO-1 pathway was blocked pharmacologically or genetically by using HO-1(+/-) mice. Recently, we identified activation of Nrf2 and HuR as a principle mechanism of HO-1 induction by PETN. With the present paper, we present and discuss our recent and previous findings on the role of HO-1 for the prevention of nitroglycerin-induced nitrate tolerance and for the beneficial effects of PETN therapy.
Supersensitive odor discrimination is controlled in part by initial transient interactions between the most sensitive dorsal olfactory receptors and G-proteins (2016)

Pairs of enantiomeric odor ligands are difficult to resolve by instrumental analyses because compounds with mirror-image molecular structures have almost identical physicochemical properties. The olfactory system, however, discriminates (–)-forms of enantiomers from their (+)-forms within seconds. To investigate key olfactory receptors for enantiomer discrimination, we compared behavioral detection and discrimination thresholds of wild-type mice with those of ΔD mice that lack all dorsal olfactory receptors. Surprisingly, wild-type mice displayed an exquisite “supersensitivity” to enantiomeric pairs of wine lactones and carvones in both detection and discrimination tasks using odor plume-like flows in a Y-maze. In contrast, ΔD mice showed >10 10 -fold reductions in enantiomer discrimination sensitivity compared to wild-type mice. ΔD mice detected one or both of the (–)- and (+)-enantiomers over a wide concentration range, but were unable to discriminate them. This “enantiomer odor discrimination paradox” indicates that the most sensitive dorsal receptors play a critical role in hierarchical odor coding for enantiomer identification. In addition, to identify residues responsible for the rapid and robust response of murine olfactory receptor S6 ( mOR-S6 ) via chimeric Gα 15_olf , mutations of the C-terminal helix 8 were analyzed in a heterologous functional expression system. The N-terminal hydrophobic core between helix 8 and TM1−2 of mOR-S6 is important for Gα activation. A point mutation of a helix 8 N-terminal acidic residue eliminated the improved response dynamics via the chimeric Gα 15_olf . This result suggests that an N-terminal acidic residue of helix 8 is responsible for rapid Gα activation. Supersensitive odor discrimination is thus largely governed by signals from the most sensitive dorsal olfactory receptors with the shortest onset latencies, which are controlled in part by initial transient interactions between the receptor C-terminal helix 8 and the Gα C-terminal region.
A generalized algorithm for constrained power control with capability of temporary removal (2001)

The distributed constrained power control algorithm (DCPC) (Grandhi et al. 1995) has become one of the most widely accepted quality-based power control algorithms by the academic community. The DCPC has a property that the power may reach the maximum level when a user is experiencing degradation of channel quality. Unfortunately, using maximum transmitter power may not lead to sufficient improvement of channel quality and will thereto generate severe interference, affecting other users. This undesirable phenomenon happens more often when the system is congested. In this paper, we revisit and generalize the DCPC algorithm in order not to necessarily utilize the maximum power when the channel quality is poor. Under poor quality conditions, rather than combating the interference by maximizing power, we propose the concept of reducing the powers and temporarily removing users from the channel. We show that the energy consumption can be reduced through our generalized algorithm and we prove its convergence properties. Because of the decreased interference power, the capacity of the system is expected to increase. To validate this, we made computational experiments suggesting that the proposed algorithm can support more users in a congested system as compared to the previously suggested distributed removal algorithm gradual removals restricted (GRR)-DCPC (Andersin et al. 1996).
Inverse Rendering from a Single Image (2002)

In this paper, we present a new method to recover an approximation of the bidirectional reflectance distribution function (BRDF) of the surfaces present in a real or synthetic scene. This is done from a single photograph and a 3D geometric model of the scene. The result is a full model of the reflectance properties of all surfaces, which can be rendered under novel illumination conditions with, for example, viewpoint modification and the addition of new synthetic objects. Our technique produces a reflectance model using a small number of parameters. These parameters nevertheless approximate the BRDF and allow the recovery of the photometric properties of diffuse, specular, isotropic or anisotropic textured objects. The input data are a geometric model of the scene including the light source positions and the camera properties, and a single captured image. We present several synthetic images that are compared to the original ones, and some possible applications in augmented reality such as novel lighting conditions and addition of synthetic objects.
Microstructure and phase transformation of Ti3AC2 (A = Al, Si) in hydrofluoric acid solution (2014)

In this paper, Ti 3 AC 2 (A = Al, Si) were prepared by pressureless argon shielding synthesis technique. The microstructure and phase transformation of as‐prepared Ti 3 AC 2 (A = Al, Si) in hydrothermal hydrofluoric acid (HF) solution were investigated systematically. Results showed that the obtained Ti 3 AlC 2 and Ti 3 SiC 2 were closely aligned layered structure. In hydrothermal HF solution, Al or Si element was preferentially etched from the layered structure, inducing obvious transformation of microstructure and phase composition. For Ti 3 AlC 2 , Al atoms diffused out of the structure and reacted with HF to form AlF 3 •H 2 O, which induced the rearrangement of the Ti and C atoms, and finally resulted in the formation of TiC x cubic phase. With the hydrothermal temperature and reaction time increasing, the TiC x phase gradually disappeared and the grain size of AlF 3 •H 2 O gradually increased. When Ti 3 SiC 2 was immersed in hydrothermal HF solution, the main products were TiC and SiC. Interestingly, with the hydrothermal treatment temperature and reaction time increasing, TiC gradually disappeared, while SiC nearly kept unchanged. This can be explained that SiC was covalently bonded carbide, while TiC was metallically bonded, having relatively weak bond energy and consequently being unstable in hydrothermal HF solution.
ChemInform Abstract: AN ENANTIOSPECIFIC SYNTHESIS OF ESTRONE (1985)

Abstract Ausgehend vom Camphenderivat (I) wird Estron (VII) enantiospezifisch auf dem angegebenen Weg erhalten.
Faculty Opinions recommendation of Primary prophylaxis of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis delays hepatorenal syndrome and improves survival in cirrhosis. (2007)

BACKGROUND & AIMS: Norfloxacin is highly effective in preventing spontaneous bacterial peritonitis recurrence in cirrhosis, but its role in the primary prevention of this complication is uncertain.METHODS: Patients with cirrhosis and low protein ascitic levels (< 15 g/L) with advanced liver failure (Child-Pugh score > or = 9 points with serum bilirubin level > or = 3 mg/dL) or impaired renal function (serum creatinine level > or = 1.2 mg/dL, blood urea nitrogen level > or = 25 mg/dL, or serum sodium level < or = 130 mEq/L) were included in a randomized controlled trial aimed at comparing norfloxacin (35 patients) vs placebo (33 patients) in the primary prophylaxis of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis. The main end points of the trial were 3-month and 1-year probability of survival. Secondary end points were 1-year probability of development of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis and hepatorenal syndrome.RESULTS: Norfloxacin administration reduced the 1-year probability of developing spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (7% vs 61%, P < .001) and hepatorenal syndrome (28% vs 41%, P = .02), and improved the 3-month (94% vs 62%, P = .003) and the 1-year (60% vs 48%, P = .05) probability of survival compared with placebo.CONCLUSIONS: Primary prophylaxis with norfloxacin has a great impact in the clinical course of patients with advanced cirrhosis. It reduces the incidence of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis, delays the development of hepatorenal syndrome, and improves survival. PMID: 17854593