gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Automated analysis and survival selection of anchorage‐dependent cells under normal growth conditions (1985)

An instrument is described that can automatically analyze and select for a subpopulation of anchorage-dependent cells in tissue culture. Cells that label with fluorescently tagged antibodies or demonstrate structural variations are saved from exposure to a destructive high-intensity argon laser beam. The surviving population may then be cloned. The cell selection may occur in a tissue culture plate or in a microflow incubator which is designed to maintain a constant flow of media at 37 degrees C across cells growing on a glass coverslip. This incubator sits on an inverted microscope which focuses the laser beam to a diameter as small as 1 micron. A high-speed computer-controlled two-dimensional stage moves the cells past the beam for analysis, the results of which determine the fate of each cell: whether it is to be destroyed by radiant energy or selected for survival and subsequent proliferation. Another selection strategy performed by the instrument involves growing the cells on a thin, blackened polyester film which can be cut by the argon laser beam. Cells selected for cloning are then circumscribed. The heat of cutting welds the circumscribed film to a plastic coverslip surface or tissue culture chamber bottom. Nonselected cells may be removed by pulling the unattached polyester sheet from the attachment surface. The selected cells remain on polyester film disks welded to the plastic. Selections may be done automatically under computer control or manually by operator direction of stage movements. This instrument extends the art of automated cell selection and analysis to normal cell lines that must maintain cell-substratum contact (anchorage dependence) for differentiated cell function, e.g., neurons, fibroblasts, or kidney cells.
Heart failure is not a diagnosis (2008)

Heart failure (HF) is a syndrome and not a diagnosis. Aetiology and precipitants for decompensation are often not sought. Care is also often based upon protocols, with widespread prescription of drugs validated in systolic HF, for patients with other forms of HF for example HF with preserved ejection fraction which can account for almost half of patients with HF in the UK. Therefore, service design and configuration by healthcare providers should based upon quality and not only feasibility, as protocol-based treatment will inevitably diminish the quality of care for patients with HF and result in both inappropriate care in many cases as well as reduced access to advanced evidence based and NICE approved therapies. Expertise is therefore of paramount importance in managing patients with HF.
ChemInform Abstract: Photochemistry of Metal Dithio‐ and Diselenocarbonates. A New Route to Sulfido, Disulfur, and Diselenium Complexes. (1987)

Abstract The dichalcogenocarbonates (I) are stable in CH 2 Cl 2 at reflux temp. for several hours in the darkness, but decompose within two hours on exposure to light.
Distribution of beta 2-microglobulin in olfactory epithelium: a proliferating neuroepithelium not protected by a blood-tissue barrier. (1986)

The olfactory neuroepithelium is unique in adult vertebrates in that bipolar sensory neurons are constantly dying and being replaced. The sensory neurons are also unusual because they are directly exposed to the external environment via their dendritic processes in the nasal cavity. Surveillance of this tissue by major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I-restricted cytotoxic T cells would presumably serve as an important means of defense against foreign pathogens. Although adult brain shows a lack of class I molecules, it has not been reported if either proliferating neurons or sensory neurons in olfactory neuroepithelium also lack class I. To examine olfactory neuroepithelium, an antiserum against beta 2-microglobulin (beta 2-m), the invariant light chain associated with all class I molecules, was employed as a general probe in an immunocytochemical assay. beta 2-m was detected in columnar respiratory epithelium, blood vessel walls, and a small population of interstitial cells in the lamina propria, but no cell in the olfactory neuroepithelium stained for beta 2-m. Parallel patterns were obtained in the vomeronasal organ. These results suggest that lack of beta 2-m, and presumably class I, may be a general phenotype of neuronal cells regardless of their mitotic state or exposure to environmental antigens.
Two-Dimensional Protein Patterns in Heterodera glycines. (1985)

Two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoretic protein patterns of H. glycines from southern Indiana (Posey County) and northern Indiana (Pulaski County) were largely similar, but many differences existed. The pattern of the Posey isolate was similar to patterns from isolates collected in other areas of the United States. Unique dense protein spots in the pattern of an isolate from Hokkaido, Japan, distinguished it from patterns of six U.S. isolates.
Copoly(imide-amides) containing hexafluoroisopropylidene (1990)

The incorporation of the hexafluoroisopropylidene (HFIP or 6F) group into polymer backbones brings about important and useful changes in properties. These differences include increased thermal and environmental resistance and solubility and decreased dielectric constant and color. Several types of backbones have been substrates for the inclusion of HFIP and all results have reflected impressive property benefits. This project involved the incorporation of 6F groups into a poly(imide-amide) backbone by the condensation of a 6F-containing dianhydride with 4-aminobenzoic acid to yield a diimide terminated with two carboxylic acid groups. This diacid trimer was then polymerized with various diamines. The polymers were obtained in yields of 86-94 percent and with viscosities of 0.90-2.26 dL/g. They were stable to above 500 C and clear, colorless films could be cast from DMAc.
Occurrence of protein structure elements in conserved sequence regions. (2007)

These results can be understood in light of the structural constraints on different secondary structure elements, and their role in protein structural stabilization and topology. Strands can tolerate fewer sequence changes and nonetheless keep their specific shape and function. They thus tend to be more conserved than helices, which can keep their shape and function with more changes. Loop behavior can be explained by the presence of both constrained and freely changing loops in proteins. Our detailed statistical analysis of diverse proteins links protein evolution to the biophysics of protein thermodynamic stability and folding. The basic structural features of conserved sequence regions are also important determinants of protein structure motifs and their function.
Research Progress on Resveratrol (2013)

Resveratrol has excellent physiological activities.Its antioxidant role is important to have multiple mechanisms of biological effects.With the resveratrol extraction and purification technology research deepening,resveratrol as food additives and drugs in functionality has broad development prospects.
Time‐Domain Signals and Systems (2006)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Time-Domain Digital Signals Introduction to Digital Systems Nonlinear Filters More Hands-On Experiments Implementation of Moving-Average Filters with Blackfin Simulator Implementation of Moving-Average Filters with BF533/BF537 EZ-KIT Moving-Average Filter in LabVIEW Embedded Module for Blackfin Processors More Exercise Problems
Autophagy Driven by a Master Regulator of Hematopoiesis (2011)

Developmental and homeostatic remodeling of cellular organelles is mediated by a complex process termed autophagy. The cohort of proteins that constitute the autophagy machinery functions in a multistep biochemical pathway. Though components of the autophagy machinery are broadly expressed, autophagy can occur in specialized cellular contexts, and mechanisms underlying cell-type-specific autophagy are poorly understood. We demonstrate that the master regulator of hematopoiesis, GATA-1, directly activates transcription of genes encoding the essential autophagy component microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3B (LC3B) and its homologs (MAP1LC3A, GABARAP, GABARAPL1, and GATE-16). In addition, GATA-1 directly activates genes involved in the biogenesis/function of lysosomes, which mediate autophagic protein turnover. We demonstrate that GATA-1 utilizes the forkhead protein FoxO3 to activate select autophagy genes. GATA-1-dependent LC3B induction is tightly coupled to accumulation of the active form of LC3B and autophagosomes, which mediate mitochondrial clearance as a critical step in erythropoiesis. These results illustrate a novel mechanism by which a master regulator of development establishes a genetic network to instigate cell-type-specific autophagy.
Plasma atrial natriuretic peptide and natriuretic peptide receptor gene expression in adipose tissue of normotensive and hypertensive obese patients (1997)

Our data suggest that in obese hypertensives compared to obese normotensives, the lower NPr-A: NPr-C ratio might determine decreased biological activity and/or an increased clearance of natriuretic peptide in adipose tissue, suggesting that the natriuretic peptide and its receptor system may be important in obesity-related hypertension where ANP levels are lower.
Tandem chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells targeting EGFRvIII and IL-13Rα2 are effective against heterogeneous glioblastoma (2022)

We demonstrate that TanCART is effective against heterogeneous tumors in the brain. These data lend further credence to the development of multi-specific CAR T cells in the treatment of GBM and other cancers.
Increased levels of stromelysin‐1 and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases–1 in sera from patients with rheumatoid arthritis (1995)

Our results support the notion that levels of both MMP-3 and TIMP-1 in RA patient sera are increased in association with inflammation. Furthermore, the level of MMP-3 in serum provides a particularly useful marker of inflammatory activity in the joints of patients with RA.
Fatty acid distribution in lipids and32P incorporation into phospholipids during early amphibian development (1974)

Abstract Several aspects of lipid composition and 32 P incorporation were studied during early embryogenesis of the toad, Bufo arenarum , Hensel. The surveyed stages ranged from unfertilized oocyte to neural tube formation. The fatty acid distribution in polar and neutral lipids, as well as in acetone eluate from Unisil columns was similar in unfertilized oocyte and late blastula stage. There was no significant effect of cell cleavage on the fatty acid composition of these lipid fractions. Neutral lipids represent ca. 67% of the total lipids. The main components of the phospholipids were phosphatides of choline and ethanolamine. The total lipid and phospholipid content does not change through the studied stage of neurula. However a large increment in the phospholipid's specific radioactivity occurs when 32 P is injected along with the hormone to induce ovulation. It is suggested that this may reflect changes in turnover rates rather than net biosynthesis. Since a large amount of cell membranes is being formed during the early development and because the level of phospholipids remains constant, an explanation is offered regarding membranogenesis. Active phospholipid biosynthesis may take place during oogenesis. These lipids may be stored in the yolk platelet, and fertilization may regulate the functioning of a transport mechanism to corresponding membrane sites. The increased incorporation of 32 P may reflect changes in the activity of new membranes.
Associations between a hydrophobically modified, degradable, poly(malic acid) and a β‐cyclodextrin polymer in solution (2001)

Abstract A new associating system has been elaborated from mixing a degradable polymer, poly(β‐malic acid‐ co ‐β‐ethyladamantyl malate), and a β‐cyclodextrin polymer in aqueous solution. Viscosity and dynamic light scattering measurements have been made on solutions of the single copolyester and of mixtures of both polymers. Studies on copolyesters with different percentages of hydrophobic groups (0–7.5%) show that a small proportion of the chains (less than 5% in weight) are aggregated in large structures (100 nm) which dominate the scattering intensity. The mixtures exhibit slow diffusive relaxation modes which correlate with a large viscosity enhancement at low concentration. These effects, which depend sensitively on pH, are attributed to the presence of polydisperse complexes of copolyester and β‐cyclodextrin polymer. The influence of pH, ionic strength, medium composition, and concentration were examined on the mixture of copolymers. It was found that the association properties are controlled by the net charge on the amphiphilic copolyester. © 2001 Society of Chemical Industry
Improved receiver for cooperative wireless communication systems using QAM and Galois Field network coding (2012)

In this paper, we study a network coding in high order Galois Field (GF) compatible with Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM) applied to the multiple-access relay channel (MARC). Our proposal is described in the context of orthogonal Rayleigh fading plus Gaussian noise channels. The proposed decoder takes into account possible decoding errors at the relay, which are expressed as cross-transition probability of network-coded symbols in the constellation. It is shown by simulation that the proposed decoder significantly outperforms the mismatched decoder, which does not take care of decoding error at the relay, for both coding gain and diversity order. In addition, compared with a recently cooperative maximum ratio combining (C-MRC) decoder, the proposed decoder improves the performance by 1.5dB for 16-QAM and 2dB for 64-QAM at bit error rate (BER) of 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">−4</sup> .
Energy Consumption Analysis and Optimization of BER-Constrained Amplify-and-Forward Relay Networks (2013)

In this paper, we first develop an analytical framework for the total energy consumption of an amplify-and-forward (AF) multihop network employing M-ary quadrature amplitude modulation (MQAM) while satisfying an average bit error rate (BER) requirement at the destination over Rayleigh fading channels. Based on this framework, we then establish the conditions under which a dual-hop relay network is always more energy efficient when compared with a reference single-hop network. Moreover, the impact of the relay's location and the energy resource allocation between the relay and the source on the possible energy savings is also analyzed. Since a realistic power consumption model is considered, it is shown that there exists an optimal number of relays for the linear multihop relay network and that the maximum energy efficiency (EE) is obtained through the joint optimization of the number of relays and the constellation size. Considering this fact, we first formulate the optimization problem, and then, this problem is transformed into a convex form by relaxing constraints to be defined over the real numbers (instead of taking only discrete values). The new closed-form optimal solution that involves only elementary functions is derived for this relaxed problem. It is also demonstrated that the optimized multihop network has the potential not only to reduce the total energy consumption but to satisfy the peak-power constraint simultaneously at the expense of more delay as well. Finally, our analysis shows that significant energy savings are possible through joint optimization not only for delay-tolerant networks but for delay-limited networks as well, and up to about 55% energy savings are achievable over the optimized single-hop system.
Relay selection for modulation-adaptive opportunistic DF relaying using mixed channel knowledge (2012)

Recently developed adaptive modulation schemes for opportunistic decode-and-forward (DF) relaying require knowledge of instantaneous channel-state-information (CSI) of all links. This paper aims at reducing signalling overhead of modulation-adaptive opportunistic DF relaying through exploitation of mixed channel knowledge. A novel semi-deterministic approach is proposed for performing joint rate-adaptation and best-relay selection. The selection process employs two criteria using mixed channel knowledge. A new metric namely the probability of missing the best relay (PMBR) is introduced, as only when the best relay is selected, the full diversity order can be achieved. It is shown that the proposed approach can achieve a good trade-off between the spectral efficiency and signalling overhead.
Some Recent Observations on the Burning of Isolated N-Heptane and Alcohol Droplets (1999)

In a joint program involving Prof. F.A. Williams of the University of California, San Diego and Dr. V. Nayagam of the National Center for Microgravity Research on Combustion and Fluid Dynamics, the combustion of liquid fuel droplets of n-heptane, n-decane, methanol, methanol-water, ethanol and ethanol-water having initial diameters between about 1 mm and 6 mm continues to be studied. The objectives of the work are to improve fundamental knowledge of droplet combustion dynamics for pure fuels and fuel-water mixtures through microgravity experiments and theoretical analyses. The Princeton contributions to the collaborative program supports the engineering design, data analysis, and data interpretation requirements for the study of initially single component, spherically symmetric, isolated droplet combustion studies through experiments and numerical modeling. The complementary UCSD contributions apply asymptotic theoretical analyses and are described in the published literature and in a companion communication in this conference. The combined program continues to focus on analyses of results obtained from Fiber Supported Droplet Combustion (FSDC) experiments (FSDC-2, STS- 94) conducted with the above fuels in shuttle cabin air and Droplet Combustion Experiment (DCE) data obtained for unsupported and fiber supported droplets of n-heptane in Helium-Oxygen mixtures and cabin air (STS-83, STS-94). The program is preparing for a second DCE experimental mission using methanol/methanol-water as fuels and helium-oxygen-nitrogen environments. DCE-2 is to be conducted aboard the International Space Station. Emphases of recent Princeton work are on the study of simple alcohols (methanol, ethanol) and alcohol/water mixtures as fuels, with time-dependent measurements of drop size, flame-standoff, liquid-phase composition, and finally, extinction. Ground based experiments have included bench-scale studies at Princeton and collaborative experimental studies in the 2.2 second drop tower at NASA-Glenn Research Center.
A vision-based system for display interaction (2009)

This paper presents a system for interaction with a display via hand pointing, where a single CCD camera on top of the screen is directed towards the viewers. An attention mechanism based on face and hand detection allows one user to take control of the interface. Face recognition is used for identification and customisation. The system allows the user to control the screen pointer by tracking their fist. On-screen items can be selected using one of four activation mechanisms. Current sample applications include browsing image and video collections as well as viewing a gallery of 3D objects. In experiments we demonstrate the performance of the vision components in challenging conditions.
Multiscale nonlinear microscopy and widefield white light imaging enables rapid histological imaging of surgical specimen margins (2018)

The ability to histologically assess surgical specimens in real-time is a long-standing challenge in cancer surgery, including applications such as breast conserving therapy (BCT). Up to 40% of women treated with BCT for breast cancer require a repeat surgery due to postoperative histological findings of close or positive surgical margins using conventional formalin fixed paraffin embedded histology. Imaging technologies such as nonlinear microscopy (NLM), combined with exogenous fluorophores can rapidly provide virtual H&E imaging of surgical specimens without requiring microtome sectioning, facilitating intraoperative assessment of margin status. However, the large volume of typical surgical excisions combined with the need for rapid assessment, make comprehensive cellular resolution margin assessment during surgery challenging. To address this limitation, we developed a multiscale, real-time microscope with variable magnification NLM and real-time, co-registered position display using a widefield white light imaging system. Margin assessment can be performed rapidly under operator guidance to image specific regions of interest located using widefield imaging. Using simulated surgical margins dissected from human breast excisions, we demonstrate that multi-centimeter margins can be comprehensively imaged at cellular resolution, enabling intraoperative margin assessment. These methods are consistent with pathology assessment performed using frozen section analysis (FSA), however NLM enables faster and more comprehensive assessment of surgical specimens because imaging can be performed without freezing and cryo-sectioning. Therefore, NLM methods have the potential to be applied to a wide range of intra-operative applications.
Premixed Flames (2011)

Our interest in this chapter is to look inside the thermochemical reactors discussed in the previous chapter. Inside the reactors, the formation of a visible flame is one obvious phenomenon. Flames are of two types, (a) premixed flames and (b) nonpremixed, or diffusion flames. A Bunsen burner, shown in Figure 8.1, is a very good example in which both types of flames are produced. In this burner, air and fuel are mixed in the mixing tube; this premixed mixture burns, forming a conical flame of finite thickness (typically, blue in color). This is called the premixed flame. It is so called because the oxygen required for combustion is obtained mainly from air, which is mixed with the fuel. This premixed combustion releases a variety of species, stable and unstable. Principally, the carbon monoxide resulting from the fuel-rich combustion burns in the outer diffusion flame. The oxygen required for combustion in this part of the flame is obtained from the surrounding air by diffusion (or by entrainment). The overall flame shape is determined by the magnitude of the mixture velocity and its profile as it escapes the burner tube, coupled with the extent of heat losses from the tube wall.
Towards a fully-parallel 6 DOF robot for high-speed applications (2002)

Two parallel robots are presented. The first is a three-degree-of-freedom lightweight robot called DELTA. The equations corresponding to different models of this robot (forward and inverse kinematics as well as inverse dynamics) are given. The important feature of the method used in deriving these models is the use of a 'good' set of parameters to simplify the equations. These models have been employed to control a real DELTA with a low-cost controller. An attempt was also made to extend the principle of the DELTA mechanical structure to a six-degree-of-freedom parallel robot. A design called the HEXA has been developed. The authors present this robot and show that it should have the same dynamic capabilities as the DELTA because, like the later, it can be built with light material and can be easily modeled.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Quadratic Surface Rendering on a Logic-Enhanced Frame-Buffer Memory (1986)

A new system, Pixel-powers, has been designed for the rapid rendering of curved surfaces. This system is a generalization of the design of our logic-enhanced framed buffer memory system, Pixel-planes. Our new design can directly evaluate quadratic expressions of the form Ax2 + Bxy + Cy2 + Dx + Ey + F for every pixel (x,y) in the image in parallel. Sample images generated by a high-level simulation of the new system are shown.