gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Do gadolinium-based contrast agents alter 23Na T1 relaxivity in glioma? (2017)

Incomplete fluid suppression on fluid-attenuated inversion-recovery 23Na-MRI (IR-23Na-MRI) was observed in three patients undergoing IR-23Na-MRI after gadolinium contrast injection, as part of a brain tumour imaging study. To evaluate this, 23Na-MRI T1 maps were acquired before and after injection of a gadolinium-based contrast agent on a grade IV glioma (GBM) patient, which showed a statistically significant change of 23Na-MRI T1 within the peritumoral oedema (p=0.0095). Gadolinium contrast-enhanced 23Na-MRI could potentially add further applications for sodium imaging and probe tumour tissue structure in new ways to investigate proliferation and treatment response.
A 5 mm$^{2}$ 40 nm LP CMOS Transceiver for a Software-Defined Radio Platform (2010)

A 5 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> transceiver front-end suitable for a software-defined radio (SDR) platform is implemented in a 40-nm LP digital CMOS technology. Tailored for all modern communication standards relevant for a modern handheld mobile device (2G/3G/4G cellular, WLAN, Bluetooth, GPS, broadcasting, etc.), it uses radio architectures and circuits that ensure flexible performance at a minimal cost in area and power consumption. The receive section features four parallel LNAs to cover the frequency range from 100 MHz up to 6 GHz, a 25 % duty cycle passive mixer with IIP2 calibration, fifth-order baseband filtering up to 20 MHz, variable-gain amplification, and a 10-b 65 MS/s 34 fj/conv-step SAR ADC. It achieves NF down to 2.4 dB, more than 30-dB EVM and 50-dBm IIP2. In the transmit section, main emphasis is given to the out-of-band noise requirement that enables SAW-less operation in FDD systems: a flexible reconstruction filter is followed by a voltage-sampling mixer and a variable gain PPA. The TX chain achieves 3.2% EVM at 0-dBm output power, with CNR down to-156 dBc/Hz. For frequency synthesis, two dual-VCO 5.9-12.8 GHz fractional-N PLLs are implemented together with a chain of divide-by-2 circuits for quadrature generation.
Crystallographic Recognition Controls Peptide Binding for Bio-Based Nanomaterials (2011)

The ability to control the size, shape, composition, and activity of nanomaterials presents a formidable challenge. Peptide approaches represent new avenues to achieve such control at the synthetic level; however, the critical interactions at the bio/nano interface that direct such precision remain poorly understood. Here we present evidence to suggest that materials-directing peptides bind at specific time points during Pd nanoparticle (NP) growth, dictated by material crystallinity. As such surfaces are presented, rapid peptide binding occurs, resulting in the stabilization and size control of single-crystal NPs. Such specificity suggests that peptides could be engineered to direct the structure of nanomaterials at the atomic level, thus enhancing their activity.
UV-induced N-ras mutations are T-cell targets in human melanoma (1997)

Human cutaneous melanoma is heterogeneous with respect to the genetic aberrations involved and the genes altered are potential targets for the immune system. The incidence of cutaneous melanoma is known to be linked to UV peak exposure, and the N-ras oncogene is clearly one of the genes involved in the UV carcinogenesis in melanoma. It is mutated in a significant proportion of melanomas and therefore may serve as a target for T cells. Here, we report that an human leukocyte antigen-A2 binding peptide CLLDILDTAGL, encompassing the frequently found 61-Leu mutation in N-ras, induces cytotoxic T lymphocytes from healthy donor blood that lyse 61-Leu N-ras transfected melanoma cells. Furthermore, we have found an association between the presence of N-ras mutations and clinical response to immunotherapy with interleukin-2 plus interferon in a group of stage IV melanoma patients. Although the overall survival of these patients was not affected by the N-ras status of their melanomas, these studies suggest that mutated N-ras may provide a target for cytotoxic T lymphocytes in melanoma patients.
A Scade Suite to Modelica Interface (2011)

This article presents implementation and utilization details of the currently developed interface from Scade Suite to Modelica. By a few clicks one can generate a Modelica block from Scade Suite models that can be directly used and simulated in Modelica. This block calls an external function periodically, where the Ccode generated by Scade Suite is invoked. The main purpose of the interface is to test the generated C-code within a simulated environment which is also known as Software in the Loop (SIL).
Wetting of Solid Iron, Nickel and Platinum by Liquid MnO–SiO2 and CaO–Al2O3–SiO2 (2009)

Wetting of solid metals—iron, nickel and platinum, by molten MnO–SiO2 (MS) and CaO–Al2O3–SiO2 (CAS) oxide systems was studied by the sessile drop method at 1350–1450°C in reducing atmosphere. Terminal contact angles (after 240 min) for MS system were: for iron substrates—5±2 deg at 1350°C, 9±2 deg at 1390°C, 6±2 deg at 1450°C; platinum—15±2 deg at 1350°C and 1390°C, and 12±2 deg at 1450°C. Contact angle for the Ni–MS system was close to zero—3±2 deg at 1350°C and 1390°C. Contact angles with CAS system were: iron—55±2 deg (1350°C), 60±2 deg (1390°C), 44±2 deg (1450°C); nickel—59±2 deg (1350°C), 60±2 deg (1390°C); and platinum—15±2 deg (1350°C, 1390°C and 1450°C). Work of adhesion for all substrates with MS system was 910 to 930 mJ/m2. Interfacial tension with MS system was 1480 mN/m for Ni at 1350 to 1390°C, and 1880 to 1890 mN/m for Pt in the temperature range 1350 to 1450°C. For iron, interfacial tension was 1720 mN/m at 1350°C; 1580 mN/m at 1390°C and 1450°C. Lower work of adhesion and higher interfacial tension were found for metals with CAS system. Reduction of MnO from MS system was observed, leading to Mn dissolution in metal substrates. Degree of silica reduction from MS system was much smaller in comparison with MnO reduction (negligible for Pt); it was very minor from CAS system. Reduction of oxides and adsorption of oxygen modify the metal–oxide interface, making wetting dynamic and profoundly affecting interfacial properties.
Iron Loss Analysis of the Permanent-Magnet Synchronous Machine Based on Finite-Element Analysis Over the Electrical Vehicle Drive Cycle (2016)

Fast methods to estimate iron losses of the permanent magnet traction motor during the drive cycle of the electrical vehicle are compared. The methods use the iron loss information calculated by a finite-element analysis as a function of rotational speed both at no load and with a short-circuited stator to take into account the variable frequency and field weakening of the traction motor. The effect of iron losses on the optimal current components, providing the maximum efficiency, is studied. Several methods yield a good accuracy even based on the no-load iron loss only, but the accuracy can be improved especially in deep field weakening by including the short-circuit iron loss information in the analysis.
The Elusive Seven-Membered Cyclic Imino Ether Tetrahydrooxazepine (2018)

Cyclic imino ether heterocycles are used as ligands in transition metal catalysis, in various drugs and as reactive monomers in living cationic ring-opening polymerization (CROP). While five- and six-membered cyclic imino ethers, i.e. 2-oxazolines and 4,5-dihydro-1,3-oxazines, have extensively been studied in these areas, their seven-membered ring counterparts have remained unexplored. Herein, we report the synthesis of 2-phenyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1,3-oxazepine allowing reassignment of the earlier, incorrectly reported 4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1,3-oxazepines as their N-acylated pyrrolidine isomers. Finally, we also report a comparison of the CROP reactivity of a homologous series of cyclic imino ethers with a 2-carbon, 3-carbon, and 4-carbon methylene bridge, revealing a remarkable ring size effect.
Confecção de sensores de vidro poroso sinterizado para medida do potencial mátrico (2013)

Sensores de contato apropriados para a avaliação do potencial hidrostático do apoplasma ou do potencial mátrico foram processados por técnicas cerâmicas. Os sensores propostos são formados por uma interface porosa e um capilar de vidro preenchido com água e um fluido imiscível. A sucção da água através da interface causa a deformação elástica de um dos fluidos e o conseqüente deslocamento do menisco, que é a base da medida. A interface porosa foi produzida por sinterização sob ação de chama a partir de pós de vidro pelo princípio de preenchimento (filler principle). Empregou-se mistura de pó de vidro e sal (NaCl) na proporção de 70-30% e com dimensões médias de 17 µm. Testes de absorção de água destilada foram realizados indicando uma maior capilaridade nos sensores com a presença da matriz porosa, refletindo no aumento da velocidade do deslocamento do menisco ao longo do capilar.
Stereospecific synthesis of alkenyl fluorides (with retention) via organometallic intermediates (1986)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStereospecific synthesis of alkenyl fluorides (with retention) via organometallic intermediatesSeung Han. Lee and Jeffrey. SchwartzCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1986, 108, 9, 2445–2447Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1986Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1986https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00269a052https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00269a052research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views832Altmetric-Citations94LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Depth-Wise Neural Architecture Search (2020)

Modern convolutional networks such as ResNet and NASNet have achieved state-of-the-art results in many computer vision applications. These architectures consist of stages, which are sets of layers that operate on representations in the same resolution. It has been demonstrated that increasing the number of layers in each stage improves the prediction ability of the network. However, the resulting architecture becomes computationally expensive in terms of floating point operations, memory requirements and inference time. Thus, significant human effort is necessary to evaluate different trade-offs between depth and performance. To handle this problem, recent works have proposed to automatically design high-performance architectures, mainly by means of neural architecture search (NAS). Current NAS strategies analyze a large set of possible candidate architectures and, hence, require vast computational resources and take many GPUs days. Motivated by this, we propose a NAS approach to efficiently design accurate and low-cost convolutional architectures and demonstrate that an efficient strategy for designing these architectures is to learn the depth stage-by-stage. For this purpose, our approach increases depth incrementally in each stage taking into account its importance, such that stages with low importance are kept shallow while stages with high importance become deeper. We conduct experiments on the CIFAR and different versions of ImageNet datasets, where we show that architectures discovered by our approach achieve better accuracy and efficiency than human-designed architectures. Additionally, we show that architectures discovered on CIFAR-10 can be successfully transferred to large datasets. Compared to previous NAS approaches, our method is substantially more efficient, as it evaluates one order of magnitude fewer models and yields architectures on par with the state-of-the-art.
Intermittent Hypoxia Selects for Genotypes and Phenotypes That Increase Survival, Invasion, and Therapy Resistance (2015)

Hypoxia in tumors correlates with greater risk of metastases, increased invasiveness, and resistance to systemic and radiation therapy. The evolutionary dynamics that links specific adaptations to hypoxia with these observed tumor properties have not been well investigated. While some tumor populations may experience fixed hypoxia, cyclical and stochastic transitions from normoxia to hypoxia are commonly observed in vivo. Although some phenotypic adaptations to this cyclic hypoxia are likely reversible, we hypothesize that some adaptations may become fixed through mutations promoted by hypoxia-induced genomic instability. Here we seek to identify genetic alterations and corresponding stable phenotypes that emerge following cyclic hypoxia. Although these changes may originate as adaptations to this specific environmental stress, their fixation in the tumor genome may result in their observation in tumors from regions of normoxia, a condition known as pseudohypoxia. We exposed several epithelial cell lines to 50 cycles of hypoxia-normoxia, followed by culture in normoxia over a period of several months. Molecular analyses demonstrated permanent changes in expression of several oncogenes and tumor-suppressors, including p53, E-cadherin, and Hif-1α. These changes were associated with increased resistance to multiple cytotoxins, increased survival in hypoxia and increased anchorage-independent growth. These results suggest cycles of hypoxia encountered in early cancers can select for specific and stable genotypic and phenotypic properties that persist even in normoxic conditions, which may promote tumor progression and resistance to therapy.
Cellular and synaptic localization of the neuronal glutamate transporters excitatory amino acid transporter 3 and 4 (1997)

Glutamate transport is a primary mechanism for the synaptic inactivation of glutamate. Excitatory amino acid transporter 4 (EAAT4) is a novel glutamate transporter with properties of a ligand-gated chloride channel that was recently cloned from human brain. The present study was an investigation of the protein expression and cellular localization of EAAT4 in human and rat brain, and comparison with another neuronal glutamate transporter, EAAT3 (rabbit excitatory amino acid carrier 1; EAAC1). Regional immunoblot analysis of EAAT4, using a monospecific oligopeptide (carboxy-terminal) affinity-purified polyclonal antibody, revealed that the protein was restricted to the central nervous system. The EAAT4 protein was largely expressed in cerebellum, with a much lower expression in hippocampus, neocortex, striatum, brain stem and thalamus. Immunohistochemical studies showed intense EAAT4 immunoreactivity in the human and rat cerebellar Purkinje cells with a somatodendritic localization. Other brain regions including neocortex, hippocampus, striatum showed faint neuropil staining of EAAT4. Immunogold localization identified EAAT4 protein at plasma membranes of Purkinje cell dendrites and spines. In the hippocampus and neocortex, EAAT4 immunoreactivity was found mainly at small calibre dendrites. Rarely, EAAT4 immunoreactivity was found in astrocytic cell processes of forebrain. In the cerebellum, EAAT4 localization partly overlapped with the neuronal localization of EAAT3 (EAAC1). Immunoreactivity for EAAT3 was enriched in the somatodendritic compartment of the Purkinje cells like EAAT4, but EAAT3 was also found in Purkinje cell axons and in boutons in deep cerebellar nuclei, as well as in granular cells and stellate cells. Our results indicate that EAAT4 protein is largely localized to cerebellar cortex and lower levels of EAAT4 protein are present in forebrain by immunoblot and immunohistochemistry. Both neuronal glutamate transporter EAAT3 (EAAC1) and EAAT4 are located at somatodendritic compartment of Purkinje cells, and probably contribute to glutamate re-uptake mechanisms at Purkinje cell synapses.
RF-sputtering of iridium oxide to be used as stimulation material in functional medical implants (2006)

This paper describes the reactive RF-powered sputter deposition of iridium oxide (IrOx) to be used as the active stimulation layer in functional medical implants. Using an approach based on generic curves, the amount of oxygen gettered by the film is determined for various carrier gas flows and pumping speeds. It is shown that under certain conditions the getter effect peaks in the shape of a plateau when increasing the oxygen supply to the chamber. Films deposited along this curve show strong differences in electrochemical behaviour. At the beginning of the plateau, stable films with high electrochemical activity are deposited, and impedance measurements link the increase in charge delivery to a higher active surface area. On depositing at the far side of the plateau, the maximum deposition rate is recorded; however, unstable films are formed. These films predominantly contain unstable iridium oxide species, with iridium atoms in higher valence states. Protein adsorption, as is known to occur at implanted electrodes, was tested on some samples, and does not deteriorate the IrOx characteristics.
Illumination-Based Color Reconstruction for the Dynamic Vision Sensor (2022)

This work demonstrates a novel, state of the art method to reconstruct colored images via the Dynamic Vision Sensor (DVS). The DVS is an image sensor that indicates only a binary change in brightness, with no information about the captured wavelength (color), or intensity level. We present a novel method to reconstruct a full spatial resolution colored image with the DVS and an active colored light source. We analyze the DVS response and present two reconstruction algorithms: Linear based and Convolutional Neural Network Based. In addition, we demonstrate our algorithm robustness to changes in environmental conditions such as illumination and distance. Finally, comparing with previous works, we show how we reach the state of the art results.
Supplementary Figures 1-2, Table 1 from The Human WRN and BLM RecQ Helicases Differentially Regulate Cell Proliferation and Survival after Chemotherapeutic DNA Damage (2023)

Supplementary Figures 1-2, Table 1 from The Human WRN and BLM RecQ Helicases Differentially Regulate Cell Proliferation and Survival after Chemotherapeutic DNA Damage
Long-Chain Branched Polypropylenes by Electron Beam Irradiation and Their Rheological Properties (2004)

The aim of this paper is to investigate how the molecular structure of linear polypropylenes can be modified by electron beam irradiation. For this purpose a linear precursor was irradiated with different doses. The samples were analyzed by size-exclusion chromatography coupled with a light scattering detector. With increasing doses, a reduction of molar mass and an increasing number of long-chain branches were found. Moreover, conclusions with respect to the topography of the long-chain branches obtained were drawn from the molar mass dependence of the zero shear viscosity of the irradiated samples, which deviates significantly from that of linear polypropylenes. The experimental results can be interpreted in a way that at low doses very few but long branches occur. At higher doses more and shorter branches per molecule exist. The elongational experiments clearly exhibit a change of the strain-hardening behavior with irradiation dose, which is in agreement with the structural changes concluded from the shear measurements. The results from rheology and their interpretation demonstrate two features. First, rheological experiments conducted on irradiated polypropylenes are much more sensitive with respect to long-chain branching than the classical characterization methods based on size-exclusion chromatography coupled with light scattering. Second, from a comparison of the rheological behavior of linear and irradiated polypropylenes some conclusions can be drawn regarding the topography of the long-chain branches generated.
Astroglia Induce Cytotoxic Effects on Brain Tumors via a Nitric Oxide-Dependent Pathway Both in Vitro and in Vivo (2004)

These findings suggest that NO may have an important role as a defense mechanism molecule against brain tumors; stimulation or modification of this mechanism may represent a new approach to the treatment of primary and metastatic brain tumors.
Ultrasound-assisted solvent extraction of swainsonine from Oxytropis ochrocephala Bunge (2011)

Swainsonine is an indolizidine alkaloid with anticancer and antiviral potency. Extracting from locoweeds is one of strategies to produce swainsonine currently. Here, ultrasound-assisted solvent extraction was reported to significantly promote isolation and purification of swainsonine from Oxytropis ochrocephala Bunge, a popular locoweed in northwestern China. The extracted swainsonine was identified by thin layer chromatography, melting point, gas chromatographic and mass spectrometric analysis. The straightforward and simple method described here would make swainsonine more readily available and aid in medical studies.

	 

	Key words: Swainsonine, ultrasound, solvent extraction, Oxytropis ochrocephala Bunge.
Analysis of Latent Fingerprint Deposits by Infrared Microspectroscopy (2004)

We report the use of infrared (IR) microspectroscopy for the analysis of fingerprint residues. The advantage of using an IR microscope lies in the ability to visualize and obtain spectra of individual particles and droplets that make up fingerprint ridge deposits at a spatial resolution of approximately 10 microm. Our initial results suggest that infrared microspectroscopy in reflection-absorption mode provides reproducible spectral analysis of fingerprint residue. Since infrared microspectroscopy is nondestructive to the sample, we will be able to study the changes in fingerprint ridge deposits as a function of time. The method holds promise for probing the difference between latent fingerprints of adults and children.
Coccidial infections in commercial broilers: epidemiological aspects and comparison ofEimeriaspecies identification by morphometric and polymerase chain reaction techniques (2008)

The objective of this study was to add to existing knowledge of the epidemiology and the aetiology of coccidial infections in commercial broiler flocks. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and morphometric identification of the Eimeria species were compared as means of differentiation in the field samples of faeces and litter. For morphometry, the Eimeria species were categorized into three groups based on lengths of the oocysts. Two random samples of commercial broilers were studied, one during 2000/01 and the other during 2003/04. The prophylactic regime (in-feed narasin), husbandry and methods applied were broadly the same for both subpopulations. Coccidial infection prevalence increased from approximately 45% to approximately 75% during this period, but infection levels (oocysts per gram of faeces) did not significantly change. There were substantial geographical differences in both prevalence and infection levels. A change in Eimeria species profile occurred during the study period. Five Eimeria species were identified at slaughter, by PCR targeting the ITS-1 region of the genome; Eimeria acervulina (100%), Eimeria tenella (77%), Eimeria maxima (25%), Eimeria praecox (10%) and Eimeria necatrix (2%). PCR and morphometric tentative identification were in complete agreement in only 49% of the cases.