gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cloud Quantum Computing of an Atomic Nucleus (2018)

We report a quantum simulation of the deuteron binding energy on quantum processors accessed via cloud servers. We use a Hamiltonian from pionless effective field theory at leading order. We design a low-depth version of the unitary coupled-cluster ansatz, use the variational quantum eigensolver algorithm, and compute the binding energy to within a few percent. Our work is the first step towards scalable nuclear structure computations on a quantum processor via the cloud, and it sheds light on how to map scientific computing applications onto nascent quantum devices.
Proteolysis in hyperthermophilic microorganisms (2002)

Proteases are found in every cell, where they recognize and break down unneeded or abnormal polypeptides or peptide-based nutrients within or outside the cell. Genome sequence data can be used to compare proteolytic enzyme inventories of different organisms as they relate to physiological needs for protein modification and hydrolysis. In this review, we exploit genome sequence data to compare hyperthermophilic microorganisms from the euryarchaeotal genus Pyrococcus, the crenarchaeote Sulfolobus solfataricus, and the bacterium Thermotoga maritima. An overview of the proteases in these organisms is given based on those proteases that have been characterized and on putative proteases that have been identified from genomic sequences, but have yet to be characterized. The analysis revealed both similarities and differences in the mechanisms utilized for proteolysis by each of these hyperthermophiles and indicated how these mechanisms relate to proteolysis in less thermophilic cells and organisms.
Bundled Care for Hip Fractures: A Machine-Learning Approach to an Untenable Patient-Specific Payment Model (2019)

Our naive Bayes machine-learning algorithm provided excellent accuracy and responsiveness in the prediction of length of stay and cost of an episode of care for hip fracture using preoperative variables. This model demonstrates that the cost of delivery of hip fracture care is dependent on largely nonmodifiable patient-specific factors, likely making bundled care an implausible payment model for hip fractures.
Nonlinear photorefractive effects in liquid crystals (2002)

In this paper, we present the first observation, to our knowledge, of orientational photorefractive [OPR] effects in nematic liquid crystal film. The effect is attributed to molecular axis reorientation caused by the combination of an applied dc field and the dc space charge field induced by the impinging optical field. The refractive index change is a Kerr-like phenomena, and is quadratically defendant on the electric field strength present, unlike the usual [linear] photorefractive effect. To generate such orientational photorefractive effect in aligned nematic liquid crystal films, the applied dc field strengths are on the order of 100 V/cm.
Free at Last: Making the Most of the Flexible Block Schedule (1998)

Click to increase image sizeClick to decrease image size Additional informationNotes on contributorsAllen SeedAllen Seed, a former middle school teacher, teaches at Northern Kentucky University, Highland Heights, Kentucky.
Amides as Non-polymerizable Catalytic Adjuncts Enable the Ring-Opening Polymerization of Lactide With Ferrous Acetate Under Mild Conditions (2019)

Sn-based catalysts are effective in the ring-opening polymerization (ROP) but are toxic. Fe(OAc)<sub>2</sub> used as an alternative catalyst is suitable for the ROP of lactide only at higher temperatures (>170°C), associated with racemization. In the ROP of ester and amide group containing morpholinediones with Fe(OAc)<sub>2</sub> to polydepsipeptides at 135°C, ester bonds were selectively opened. Here, it was hypothesized that ROP of lactones is possible with Fe(OAc)<sub>2</sub> when amides are present in the reactions mixture as Fe-ligands could increase the solubility and activity of the metal catalytic center. The ROP of lactide in the melt with Fe(OAc)<sub>2</sub> is possible at temperatures as low as 105°C, in the presence of <i>N</i>-ethylacetamide or <i>N</i>-methylbenzamide as non-polymerizable catalytic adjuncts (NPCA), with high conversion (up to 99 mol%) and yield (up to 88 mol%). Polydispersities of polylactide decreased with decreasing reaction temperature to ≤ 1.1. NMR as well as polarimetric studies showed that no racemization occurred at reaction temperatures ≤145°C. A kinetic study demonstrated a living chain-growth mechanism. MALDI analysis revealed that no side reactions (e.g., cyclization) occurred, though transesterification took place.
Large enhancement of thermoelectric performance in MoS 2 / h -BN heterostructure due to vacancy-induced band hybridization (2020)

Local impurity states arising from atomic vacancies in two-dimensional (2D) nanosheets are predicted to have a profound effect on charge transport due to resonant scattering and can be used to manipulate thermoelectric properties. However, the effects of these impurities are often masked by external fluctuations and turbostratic interfaces; therefore, it is challenging to probe the correlation between vacancy impurities and thermoelectric parameters experimentally. In this work, we demonstrate that n-type molybdenum disulfide (MoS<sub>2</sub>) supported on hexagonal boron nitride (<i>h</i>-BN) substrate reveals a large anomalous positive Seebeck coefficient with strong band hybridization. The presence of vacancies on MoS<sub>2</sub> with a large conduction subband splitting of 50.0 ± 5.0 meV may contribute to Kondo insulator-like properties. Furthermore, by tuning the chemical potential, the thermoelectric power factor can be enhanced by up to two orders of magnitude to 50 mW m<sup>-1</sup> K<sup>-2</sup> Our work shows that defect engineering in 2D materials provides an effective strategy for controlling band structure and tuning thermoelectric transport.
No Secrets in the Church: The Implications of the Data Protection Act 1998 (2003)

The Data Protection Act 1998 came into force on 1 March 2000. It replaced the Data Protection Act 1984, and implements the EU Data Protection Directive 95/46/EC. This paper examines its implications for the Church.
The Viscosity of Dilute Solutions of Long-Chain Molecules. IV. Dependence on Concentration (1942)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Viscosity of Dilute Solutions of Long-Chain Molecules. IV. Dependence on ConcentrationMaurice L. HugginsCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1942, 64, 11, 2716–2718Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1942Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1942https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01263a056https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01263a056research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views3504Altmetric-Citations1671LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Whales, lifespan, phospholipids, and cataracts (2017)

This study addresses the question: why do rats get cataracts at 2 years, dogs at 8 years, and whales do not develop cataracts for 200 years? Whale lens lipid phase transitions were compared with the phase transitions of other species that were recalculated. The major phospholipids of the whale lens were sphingolipids, mostly dihydrosphingomyelins with an average molar cholesterol/phospholipid ratio of 10. There was a linear correlation between the percentage of lens sphingolipid and lens lipid hydrocarbon chain order until about 60% sphingolipid. The percentage of lens sphingolipid correlated with the lens lipid phase transition temperature. The lifespan of the bowhead whale was the longest of the species measured and the percentage of whale lens sphingolipid fit well in the correlation between the percentage of lens sphingolipid and lifespan for many species. In conclusion, bowhead whale lens membranes have a high sphingolipid content that confers resistance to oxidation, allowing these lenses to stay clear relatively longer than many other species. The strong correlation between sphingolipid and lifespan may form a basis for future studies, which are needed because correlations do not infer cause. One could hope that if human lenses could be made to have a lipid composition similar to whales, like the bowhead, humans would not develop age-related cataracts for over 100 years.
Evaluation of Cerebral Hemodynamics With Computed Tomography Perfusion Using Gadolinium as an Alternative to Iodinated Contrast (2006)

Computed tomography (CT) perfusion is traditionally performed using iodinated contrast, but this can be problematic in patients with impaired renal function or contrast allergy. We report a case of a 63-year-old man whose medical history was complicated by chronic renal failure, which was exacerbated after placement of a left cervical internal carotid artery stent by 70% stenosis and left hemisphere perfusion deficit. On a follow-up clinic visit, because of the patient s chronic renal failure, CT perfusion was performed successfully using gadolinium without further renal complications.
Visible light-induced surface grafting polymerization of perfluoropolyether brushes as marine low fouling materials (2023)

Controlled grafting of perfluoropolyether brushes from polymer substrates as low fouling marine coatings. ITX coupled to OTS-monolayers was used as dormant group and activated by visible light to induce the polymerization reaction.
Environmentally benign batteries based on organic radical polymers Paper based on a presentation at the 2nd International Conference on Green Chemistry (ICGC-2), 14–20 September 2008, Moscow, Russia. Other presentations are published in this issue, pp. 1961–2129. (2018)

A radical polymer is an aliphatic organic polymer bearing densely populated unpaired electrons in the pendant robust radical groups per repeating unit. These radicals' unpaired electrons are characterized by very fast electron-transfer reactivity, allowing reversible charging as the electrode-active materials for secondary batteries. Organic-based radical batteries have several advantages over conventional batteries, such as increased safety, adaptability to wet fabrication processes, easy disposability, and capability of fabrication from less-limited resources, which are described along the fashion of green chemistry.
A real-time monitoring method for power system steady state angle stability based on WAMS (2005)

In this paper, a mathematical model for analyzing power system steady state angle stability based on WAMS (wide area measurement system) is established. By adopting a practical simplified methodology, we may obtain real-time information related to the steady state angle stability of power system. The results of the example illustrated in the paper justify the feasibility of the proposed method. And it is proved that the method has great potential for practical use
Preoperative Evaluation of Patient Anatomy to Increase Success of Robotics-Assisted Bypass Surgery (2010)

The lateral distance of the left anterior descending coronary artery from the midline divided by the transverse thoracic width of a female patient shows a significant correlation with procedure success. No significant correlations were found for male patients.
The consequences of inbreeding for recognizing competitors (2000)

Extreme inbreeding will compromise an animal's ability to discriminate between individuals and, thus, assess familiarity and kinship with conspecifics. In rodents, a large component of individual recognition is mediated through chemical communication. The counter-marking of competitor males' scent marks provides a measure of discrimination between their own scent and that from other individuals. We investigated whether males in common outbred (ICR(CD-1) and TO) and inbred (BALB/c) strains of laboratory mice could recognize the urinary scents of other individuals by measuring their investigation and counter-marking responses. Dominant males of outbred strains investigated and counter-marked scents from other males, whether of the same or another strain. Dominant inbred BALB/c males investigated but did not counter-mark their own strain scents, counter-marking only those from another strain. They did not use environmentally induced status differences in odours to recognize scents from other males. The inability of the inbred mice to discriminate between their own scent marks and those of other males is likely to alter their competitive behaviour, which could influence responses in experiments and the welfare of caged laboratory mice.
Magnetic dipole and electric dipole resonances in TiO2 microspheres at terahertz frequencies. (2016)

Abstract not provided.
Synthesis of Some New Flurbiprofen Analogues as Anti-inflammatory Agents (2013)

A series of new α-aryl propionic acid derivatives had been synthesized through different synthetic routes from the readily available 2-fluoronitrobenzene as key starter. The synthesized compounds were screened for their antiinflammatory activity using rat paw edema method. Azoles (6c, 6h and 6i) have showed considerable good antiinflammatory activity. The present series with some modification may serve as important core for the development of new anti-inflammatory agents.
4D Pre-stack Time Migration - Application to Thermal EOR Monitoring (2015)

Summary In 4D seismic, the velocity model used for imaging and reservoir characterization can change over calendar time as the reservoir is produced. This is particularly true for heavy-oil reservoir produced by steam simulation (EOR). We propose an automatic 4D update of the 3D velocity model using an efficient technique based on 4D pre-stack time migration (4D-PSTM) that describes the pre-stack differential kinematic effects by matching the 4D dataset. On real continuous 4D seismic data, the 4D-PSTM allows us to quantify interval velocity variations that can be used to map temperature changes in the reservoir in agreement with petro-elastic model expectations.
TH‐C‐220‐02: Development of Binary Micro MLCs for an Open Source Small Animal Imaging and Therapy System with IMRT Capability (2011)

Purpose: Current micro‐RT systems use either stationary collimators or dynamic hexagonal collimators. Even though dynamic multileaf collimators (MLCs) offer superior target conformity and beam modulation, no such system is currently available for small animal systems. This study aims to develop binary micro MLCs (bmMLCs) to be incorporated into an open source combined micro‐PET/CT/RT system with IMRT capability. Methods: A bmMLC system was designed using Flexinol actuator wire which features muscle‐like contraction when electrically driven. An assembly was constructed by attaching brass leaves to supporting steel tubes with springs which can translate within larger concentric steel tubes on a customized collimator support structure. The actuator wires were connected to the inner steel rods. When electricity was passed through the wire, it contracted pulling the assembly against the spring on supporting rod to open the leaves. Individual collimator leaves were arranged to move in opposing directions and stacked in an interleaved position. Results: A proof of concept prototype has been successfully tested using a two leaf‐system. In order to get a treatment width of 0.25cm at isocenter, brass leaves that are 2cm long, 0.05cm wide and 2.4cm thick (for 99.99% attenuation of 250kVp X‐ray) were used. The full scale collimation system was designed using 20 leaves on each side. Leaves were designed to translate 1cm producing a maximum field size of 5×10cm2 at the isocenter of the RT system. Opening and closing time of collimator leaves was less than a second which is sufficient for the expected low dose rate from the X‐ray source. Conclusions: The first dynamic bmMLC system for a micro‐RT system is being developed to enable IMRT applications. The mechanical characteristics of the bmMLC system are currently being evaluated and optimized. Future work will include development of software to drive the collimator movement for use in treatment planning.
Chlorophyll a/b-Binding Protein Gene Expression in Cotton (1993)

To investigate the regulation of genes encoding CAB proteins in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) and identify potentially useful promoters, we determined the structure and expression of two genes (Lhcbl*Z and Lhcb3*l) encoding type I and type 111 proteins of the LHCII subfamily (Table
Pistachios Reduce Blood Pressure and Vascular Responses to Acute Stress in Healthy Adults (2007)

Exaggerated blood pressure (BP) reactivity to psychological stress is a risk factor for CVD. We designed a randomized, controlled, crossover feeding study to evaluate the effects of pistachios on responses to standardized stressors in 28 hypercholesterolemic adults with normal BP. Subjects were fed 3 isoenergetic diets for 4 wk each after a 2-wk run-in diet (35% total fat, 11% SFA). Diets studied were: a Step-1 diet without pistachios (25% total fat, 8% SFA), Step-1 plus 1.5 oz/d pistachios (1.5oz diet; 30% total fat, 8% SFA) and a similar diet containing 3.0 oz/d pistachios (3oz diet; 34% total fat, 8% SFA). At the end of each diet, BP and total peripheral vascular resistance (TPR) were measured at rest and during a math task and the cold pressor. Both pistachio diets reduced mean systolic BP (P < 0.05), although the magnitude of this effect was larger on the 1.5oz diet (change in SBP = −2.4 vs −4.7 mm Hg). The 3oz diet had larger effects on systemic hemodynamics (see Figure). The 3oz diet significantly reduced TPR and heart rate, and these changes were offset by increases in cardiac output. This shift in systemic hemodynamics would be expected to reduce cardiac workload if maintained long term. Our results suggest a novel dose-dependent mechanism for the cardioprotective effects of pistachios. Supported by: California Pistachio Commission Partial support by: GCRC, PSU (NIH grant M01RR10732) Fellowship support by NSERC
T and B lymphocyte depletion has a marked effect on the fibrosis of dystrophic skeletal muscles in the scid/mdx mouse (2007)

Abnormal connective tissue proliferation following muscle degeneration is a major pathological feature of Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), a genetic myopathy due to lack of the sarcolemmal dystrophin protein. Since this fibrotic proliferation is likely to be a major obstacle to the efficacy of future therapies, research is needed to understand and prevent the fibrotic process in order to develop an effective treatment. Murine muscular dystrophy (mdx) is genetically homologous to DMD, and histopatological alterations are comparable to those of the muscles of patients with DMD. To investigate the development of fibrosis, we bred the mdx mouse with the scid immunodepressed mouse and analysed fibrosis histologically; we used ELISA analysis to determine TGF-beta1 expression. Significant reduction of fibrosis and TGF-beta1 expression was found in the muscles of the scid/mdx mice. However, we observed similar centrally located nuclei, necrosis, muscle degeneration and muscle force compared to the mdx animals. These data demonstrate a correlation between the absence of B and T lymphocytes and loss of fibrosis accompanied by reduction of TGF-beta1, suggesting the importance of modulation of the immune system in DMD.
A Method of Risk Assessment for Multi-Factor Authentication (2011)

User authentication refers to user identification based on something a user knows, something a user has, something a user is or something the user does; it can also take place based on a combination of two or more of such factors. With the increasingly diverse risks in online environments, user authentication methods are also becoming more diversified. This research analyzes user authentication methods being used in various online environments, such as web portals, electronic transactions, financial services and e-government, to identify the characteristics and issues of such authentication methods in order to present a user authentication level system model suitable for different online services. The results of our method are confirmed through a risk assessment and we verify its safety using the testing method presented in OWASP and NIST SP800-63.
Diffusion-weighted imaging of the liver: an update (2013)

Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DW-MRI) is now widely used as a standard imaging sequence for evaluation of the liver. The technique is easy to implement across different MRI platforms, and results in enhanced disease detection and characterization. With careful implementation, the quantitative apparent diffusion coefficient derived shows good measurement reproducibility, which can be applied for tissue characterization, the assessment of tumour response and disease prognostication. There is now a body of evidence that highlights the relative strengths and limitations of the technique for the assessment of liver diseases. The potential for more sophisticated analysis of DW-MRI data is currently being widely investigated.
Heterozygous knockout of neuregulin-1 gene in mice exacerbates doxorubicin-induced heart failure (2005)

Neuregulins and their erbB receptors are essential for cardiac development and postulated to be cardioprotective in the presence of injury in the postnatal heart. We tested the hypothesis that the development of doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity in vivo is more severe in mice with heterozygous knockout of the neuregulin-1 gene (NRG-1(+/-)) compared with wild-type mice (WT). Three-month old NRG-1(+/-) and WT mice were injected with a single dose of doxorubicin (20 mg/kg ip). Survival was analyzed by the Kaplan-Meier approach. Left ventricular (LV) function and signaling pathways were analyzed 4 days after treatment. Fifteen days after treatment, survival was significantly lower in doxorubicin-treated NRG-1(+/-) mice (NRG-1(+/-)-Dox) compared with doxorubicin-treated WT mice (WT-Dox) (15% vs. 33%, P < 0.01). LV mass was significantly lower in NRG-1(+/-)-Dox but not in WT-Dox compared with nontreated animals. LV systolic pressure and LV midwall fractional shortening were significantly lower in NRG-1(+/-)-Dox compared with WT-Dox mice. LV protein levels of NRG-1, erbB2, and erbB4 receptors were similar in WT-Dox and NRG-1(+/-)-Dox mice. However, levels of phosphorylated erbB2, Akt, and ERK-1/2 were significantly decreased in NRG-1(+/-)-Dox compared with WT-Dox mice. A significant decrease in phosphorylated P70S6K levels was also observed in NRG-1(+/-)-Dox compared with nontreated NRG-1(+/-) mice. These results demonstrate that heterozygous knockout of the neuregulin-1 gene worsens survival and LV function in the presence of doxorubicin-induced cardiac injury in vivo. This is associated with the depression of activation of the erbB2 receptor as well as Akt, p70S6K, and ERK-1/2 pathways.