gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Molded Rigid Monolithic Porous Polymers:  An Inexpensive, Efficient, and Versatile Alternative to Beads for the Design of Materials for Numerous Applications (1998)

A simple molding process carried out within the confines of a closed mold has been used for the preparation of porous polymer monoliths. The polymerization is carried out using a mixture of monomers, porogenic solvent, and free-radical initiator under conditions that afford macroporous materials with through-pores or channels large enough to provide the high flow characteristics required for their applications. The versatility of the preparation technique is demonstrated by its use with both hydrophobic and hydrophilic monomers such as styrene, (chloromethyl)styrene, glycidyl methacrylate, alkyl methacrylates, 2-(acrylamido)-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid, acrylic acid, and acrylamide. Techniques have been developed that allow fine control of the porous properties of the polymers. These, in turn, determine the hydrodynamic properties of the devices that contain the molded media. Since all of the mobile phase must flow through the monolith, the mass transport within the molded material is accelerated considerably by convection, and the monolithic devices perform well even at much higher flow rates than those used with packed columns. This is particularly important for the chromatographic separations of large molecules such as proteins, for which diffusion is a serious problem that significantly slows down the separation processes. Similarly, this convection provides faster transport of substrates to active sites with immobilized enzymes, and it increases significantly the apparent activity of the conjugate. The molded separation media have been used for the chromatographic separation of biological compounds using modes such as reversed-phase, hydrophobic interaction, and ion-exchange chromatography, synthetic polymers and oligomers in reversed-phase and precipitation−redissolution mode, for electrochromatography, enzyme immobilization, and molecular recognition, and in advanced detection systems. Grafting of pores with selected polymer chains has led to “smart” materials that quickly respond to external stimuli and change the permeability and/or polarity of the monolith.
Effect of Insulin-Like Growth Factor I on Deoxyribonucleic Acid Synthesis and Galactopoiesis in Bovine Undifferentiated and Lactating Mammary Tissuein Vitro* (1988)

We have demonstrated that insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I), at physiological concentrations, is a potent mitogen of bovine undifferentiated mammary epithelial cells cultured in collagen in serum-free medium. Its activity is independent of insulin, although at pharmacological concentrations insulin may substitute for IGF-I. The maximal [3H]thymidine incorporation stimulated by either IGF-I or insulin was only 25-40% of that in medium supplemented with 10% fetal calf serum (FCS) only. Epidermal growth factor (EGF) exhibited low mitogenic activity which was not synergistic with IGF-I in serum-free medium. IGF-I and EGF had low synergistic activity when added separately to 10% FCS-supplemented medium. Strong synergism (100% or more) was observed, however, when both factors were added simultaneously, indicating that their maximum mitogenic effect is dependent on a simultaneous presence of other factors existing in FCS. The galactopoietic effect of IGF-I was tested in organ culture of bovine lactating mammary gland. Neither fatty acid synthesis nor alpha-lactalbumin secretion was stimulated by IGF-I, even at 2000 ng/ml. These results indicate that, at least in our in vitro system, galactopoiesis is not affected by IGF-I.
Light propagation and focusing in a silicon photonic crystal based negative index medium (2008)

International audience
Effects of resistance and endurance exercise on bone mineral status of young women: A randomized exercise intervention trial (1992)

A substantial body of cross-sectional data and a smaller number of intervention trials generally justify optimism that regular physical activity benefits the skeleton. We conducted an 8 month controlled exercise trial in a group of healthy college women (mean age = 19.9 years) who were randomly assigned to a control group or to progressive training in jogging or weight lifting. We measured the following variables: bone mineral density (BMD) of the spine (L2-4) and right proximal femur using dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry, dynamic muscle strength using the 1-RM method, and endurance performance using the 1.5 mile walk/run field test. A total of 31 women completed the 8 month study. For women completing the study, compliance, defined as the percentage of workout sessions attended, was 97% for the runners (range 90-100%) and 92% (range 88-100%) for the weight trainers. Body weight increased by approximately 2 kg in all groups (p less than 0.05). Weight training was associated with significant increases (p less than 0.01) in muscle strength in all muscle groups. Improvement ranged from 10% for the deep back to 54% for the leg. No significant changes in strength scores were observed in the control or running groups. Aerobic performance improved only in the running group (16%, p less than 0.01). Lumbar BMD increased (p less than 0.05) in both runners (1.3 +/- 1.6%) and weight trainers (1.2 +/- 1.8%). These results did not differ from each other but were both significantly greater than results in control subjects, in whom bone mineral did not change.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Autonomic Dysreflexia Causes Chronic Immune Suppression after Spinal Cord Injury (2013)

Autonomic dysreflexia (AD), a potentially dangerous complication of high-level spinal cord injury (SCI) characterized by exaggerated activation of spinal autonomic (sympathetic) reflexes, can cause pulmonary embolism, stroke, and, in severe cases, death. People with high-level SCI also are immune compromised, rendering them more susceptible to infectious morbidity and mortality. The mechanisms underlying postinjury immune suppression are not known. Data presented herein indicate that AD causes immune suppression. Using in vivo telemetry, we show that AD develops spontaneously in SCI mice with the frequency of dysreflexic episodes increasing as a function of time postinjury. As the frequency of AD increases, there is a corresponding increase in splenic leucopenia and immune suppression. Experimental activation of spinal sympathetic reflexes in SCI mice (e.g., via colorectal distension) elicits AD and exacerbates immune suppression via a mechanism that involves aberrant accumulation of norepinephrine and glucocorticoids. Reversal of postinjury immune suppression in SCI mice can be achieved by pharmacological inhibition of receptors for norepinephrine and glucocorticoids during the onset and progression of AD. In a human subject with C5 SCI, stimulating the micturition reflex caused AD with exaggerated catecholamine release and impaired immune function, thus confirming the relevance of the mouse data. These data implicate AD as a cause of secondary immune deficiency after SCI and reveal novel therapeutic targets for overcoming infectious complications that arise due to deficits in immune function.
Understanding the Adsorption Mechanism of C2H2, CO2, and CH4 in Isostructural Metal–Organic Frameworks with Coordinatively Unsaturated Metal Sites (2013)

An computational study using density functional theory and grand-canonical Monte Carlo simulation that explore the adsorption mechanism of C2H2, CO2, and CH4 to metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) with coordinatively unsaturated metal sites (M-MOF-74, M = Mg and Zn) has been carried out. The theoretical studies reveal that open metal sites have important roles in adsorption. The high CO2 adsorption ability of M-MOF-74 is due to the strong Lewis acid and base interactions between metal ions and oxygen atom of CO2, as well as carbon atom of CO2 with oxygen atoms in organic linkers. Meanwhile, the high C2H2 adsorption for M-MOF-74 is contributed by the strong complexation between the metal ions and the π orbital of C2H2. The different adsorption mechanisms of CO2, C2H2, and CH4 in M-MOF-74 can qualitatively explain the high CO2 selectivity in CO2/CH4 mixture and high C2H2 selectivity in C2H2/CH4 mixture. Energy decomposition analysis reveals that electrostatic energy, exchange energy, and repulsive energy are key factors in the binding strength of gas molecules on M-MOF-74. The preferential adsorption sites are confirmed to be located near the five-coordinate metal ions decorating the edges of the hexagonal channels. The elucidation of the adsorption mechanism at the molecular level provides key information for designing novel MOFs with high capacity and selectivity for CO2 from light hydrocarbon mixtures.
Intra- and inter-nanocrystal charge transport in nanocrystal films (2018)

The exploitation of semiconductor nanocrystal (NC) films in novel electronic and optoelectronic applications requires a better understanding of charge transport in these systems. Here, we develop a model of charge transport in NC films, based on a generalization of the concept of transport energy level ET to nanocrystal assemblies, which considers both intra- and inter-NC charge transfer processes. We conclude that the role played by each of these processes can be probed from temperature-dependent measurements of charge carrier density n and mobility μ in the same films. The model also enables the determination of the position of the Fermi energy level EF with respect to ET, an important parameter of charge transport in semiconductor materials, from the temperature dependence of n. Moreover, we provide support to an essentially temperature-independent intra-NC charge carrier mobility, considered in the transport level concept, and consequently the frequently observed temperature dependence of the overall mobility μ in NC films results from a temperature variation of the inter-NC charge transport processes. Importantly, we also conclude that the temperature dependence of conductivity in NC films should result in general from a combination of temperature variations of both n and μ. By applying the model to solution-processed Si NC films, we conclude that transport within each NC is similar to that in amorphous Si (a-Si), with charges hopping along band tail states located below the conduction band edge. For Si NCs, we obtain values of ET - EF of ∼0.25 eV. The overall mobility μ in Si NC films is significantly further reduced with respect to that typically found in a-Si due to the additional transport constraints imposed by inter-NC transfer processes inherent to a nanoparticulate film. Our model accounting for inter- and intra-NC charge transport processes provides a simple and more general description of charge transport that can be broadly applied to films of semiconductor NCs.
Phase Tomography by X-ray Talbot Interferometry for Biological Imaging (2006)

The X-ray phase tomography of biological samples is reported, which is based on X-ray Talbot interferometry. Its imaging principle is described in detail, and imaging results obtained for a cancerous rabbit liver and a mouse tail with synchrotron radiation are presented. Because an amplitude grating is needed to construct an X-ray Talbot interferometer, a high-aspect-ratio grating pattern was fabricated by X-ray lithography and gold electroplating. X-ray Talbot interferometry has an advantage that it functions with polychromatic cone-beam X-rays. Finally, the compatibility with a compact X-ray source is discussed.
A practical sequential lexicographic approach for derivative-free black-box constrained optimization (2011)

Many engineering optimization problems involve models that might not exhibit the necessary smoothness to warrant efficient use of gradient algorithms. Many of these problems are also subject to constraints that might be simulation-based and as costly to compute as the objective function. Traditionally, such problems are solved using either penalty methods or lexicographic ordering that evaluates aggregate constraints prior to computing objective values. This study describes a cost-effective approach to performing such optimizations. After classifying all constraints depending on their computational cost, points not satisfying linear constraints are feasibilized, and a suitable penalty term constructed. A sequential lexicographic ordering is then applied in which inexpensive nonlinear constraints take precedence over expensive ones, which in turn take precedence over objective function values. The performance advantage of the proposed method over traditional ones is demonstrated with a set of analytical test problems, and with oilfield-production optimization examples that use ‘black-box’ simulators.
Goat Bone Tissue Engineering: Comparing an Intramuscular with a Posterolateral Lumbar Spine Location (2009)

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of implant location on bone formation in goats using autologous bone marrow-derived stromal cells in porous calcium phosphate scaffolds. Intramuscular locations were compared to posterolateral spine fusion locations in eight goats. As scaffolds, we used biphasic calcium phosphate porous blocks of 5 x 5 x 5 mm. Cell-seeded implants were compared to empty controls. Bone marrow-derived stromal cells were seeded at 8 million cells per cm(3) scaffold and cultured for 1 week. The follow-up time was 12 weeks. Fluorochromes were administered intravenously at 4, 6, and 8 weeks. Ectopic implants showed 21 +/- 3.6% bone formation for the cell seeded and 2.0 +/- 3.0% for the controls (p < 0.001). Paraspinal implants, however, showed 0.10 +/- 0.13% in the cell seeded compared to 0.023 +/- 0.027% in the control group (p = 0.09). A benefit of the cells was only found in the area closest to the paraspinal muscles (p < 0.01). Bone formation in the control samples was of later onset compared to the cell-seeded implants. In conclusion, cell-based bone tissue engineering in an ectopic environment was clearly effective. Similar constructs implanted in a posterolateral spine fusion location hardly showed any effect.
Hypotensive Principles of Phytolacca Roots (1979)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTHypotensive Principles of Phytolacca RootsShinji Funayama and Hiroshi HikinoCite this: J. Nat. Prod. 1979, 42, 6, 672–674Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1979Publication History Published online1 July 2004Published inissue 1 November 1979https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/np50006a015https://doi.org/10.1021/np50006a015research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views102Altmetric-Citations9LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Kidney Perfusion in Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound (CEUS) Correlates with Renal Function in Living Kidney Donors (2022)

Contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) is a widely used diagnostic tool for analyzing perfusion and characterizing lesions in several organs. However, to date, it has not been sufficiently investigated whether there is an association between CEUS findings and kidney function. This study aimed at identifying the potential relationship between kidney function and the renal perfusion status determined by CEUS in living kidney donors. A total of 30 living kidney donors examined between April 2018 and March 2020 were included in the study. All patients underwent various diagnostic procedures for evaluation of renal function. CEUS was performed in all 30 donors one day before nephrectomy. Kidney perfusion was quantified using a postprocessing tool (VueBox, Bracco Imaging). Various perfusion parameters were subsequently analyzed and compared with the results of the other methods used to evaluate kidney function. Of all parameters, mean signal intensity (MeanLin) had the strongest correlation, showing significant correlations with eGFR (CG) (r = -0.345; <i>p</i> = 0.007) and total kidney volume (r = -0.409; <i>p</i> = 0.001). While there was no significant correlation between any perfusion parameter and diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA), we detected a significant correlation between MeanLin and DTPA (r = -0.502; <i>p</i> = 0.005) in the subgroup of normal-weight donors. The results indicate that signal intensity in CEUS is associated with kidney function in normal-weight individuals. Body mass index (BMI) may be a potential confounder of signal intensity in CEUS. Thus, more research is needed to confirm these results in larger study populations.
Cases where finding the minimum entropy coloring of a characteristic graph is a polynomial time problem (2010)

In this paper, we consider the problem of finding the minimum entropy coloring of a characteristic graph under some conditions which allow it to be in polynomial time. This problem arises in the functional compression problem where the computation of a function of sources is desired at the receiver. The rate region of the functional compression problem has been considered in some references under some assumptions. Recently, Feizi et al. computed this rate region for a general one-stage tree network and its extension to a general tree network. In their proposed coding scheme, one needs to compute the minimum entropy coloring (a coloring random variable which minimizes the entropy) of a characteristic graph. In general, finding this coloring is an NP-hard problem (as shown by Cardinal et al.). However, in this paper, we show that depending on the characteristic graph's structure, there are some interesting cases where finding the minimum entropy coloring is not NP-hard, but tractable and practical. In one of these cases, we show that, having a non-zero joint probability condition on RVs' distributions, for any desired function f, makes characteristic graphs to be formed of some non-overlapping fully-connected maximal independent sets. Therefore, the minimum entropy coloring can be solved in polynomial time. In another case, we show that if f is a quantization function, this problem is also tractable.
Positive Oral Contrast Material for Abdominal CT: Current Clinical Indications and Areas of Controversy (2020)

<b>OBJECTIVE.</b> The use of positive oral contrast material for abdominal CT is a frequent protocol issue. Confusion abounds regarding its use, and practice patterns often appear arbitrary. Turning to the existing literature for answers is unrewarding, because most studies are underpowered or not designed to address key endpoints. Even worse, many decisions are now being driven by nonradiologists for throughput gains rather than patient-specific considerations. Herein, the current indications for positive oral contrast material are discussed, including areas of controversy. <b>CONCLUSION.</b> As radiologists, we owe it to our patients to drive the appropriate use of positive oral contrast material. At the very least, we should not allow nonradiologists to restrict its use solely on the basis of throughput concerns; rather, we should allow considerations of image quality and diagnostic confidence to enter into the decision process. Based on differences in prior training and practice patterns, some radiologists will prefer to limit the use of positive oral contrast material more than others. However, for those who believe (as I do) that it can genuinely increase diagnostic confidence and can sometimes (rather unpredictably) make a major impact on diagnosis, it behooves us to keep fighting for its use.
Advances in the development of simulation tools for integrated optics devices: FDTD, BPM, and mode-solving techniques (2001)

In the present paper we review the state of the art of two complementary propagation techniques with applications for integrated optics device modeling: the Finite-Difference Time-Domain and the Beam Propagation Method. In both cases we focus on their main features such as the types of propagation schemes and the material effects that can be modeled. In addition, we also consider a 2D mode solver based on a complex root finding procedure - a representative mode solving technique that is of significant interest for design and modeling of leaky mode based devices. Each of the methods is illustrated with appropriate simulation examples of devices and waveguide structures being of current research interest: photonic band gap structures, waveguide gratings, ARROW waveguides etc. The selected examples show the power of the methods as well as the consistency and the complementarity of their results when applied together.
Multiway Cut, Pairwise Realizable Distributions, and Descending\n Thresholds (2013)

We design new approximation algorithms for the Multiway Cut problem,\nimproving the previously known factor of 1.32388 [Buchbinder et al., 2013].\n We proceed in three steps. First, we analyze the rounding scheme of\nBuchbinder et al., 2013 and design a modification that improves the\napproximation to (3+sqrt(5))/4 (approximately 1.309017). We also present a\ntight example showing that this is the best approximation one can achieve with\nthe type of cuts considered by Buchbinder et al., 2013: (1) partitioning by\nexponential clocks, and (2) single-coordinate cuts with equal thresholds.\n Then, we prove that this factor can be improved by introducing a new rounding\nscheme: (3) single-coordinate cuts with descending thresholds. By combining\nthese three schemes, we design an algorithm that achieves a factor of (10 + 4\nsqrt(3))/13 (approximately 1.30217). This is the best approximation factor that\nwe are able to verify by hand.\n Finally, we show that by combining these three rounding schemes with the\nscheme of independent thresholds from Karger et al., 2004, the approximation\nfactor can be further improved to 1.2965. This approximation factor has been\nverified only by computer.\n
Detachment of ciliary body--anatomical and physical considerations. (1965)

The scleral attachments of the ciliary body and choroid were found to be densest from the equator to the posterior pole, less dense at the ora serrata, and practically nonexistent under the ciliary body and between the ora and equator. The elasticity of the choroid is such that in the excised human eye about 2 mm. Hg pressure is necessary to distend the uvea against the sclera. The tensile strength of the choroid was found to be greater than 5 Gin. per centimeter. It was concluded that although the interciliary zomdes are under stress in vivo the elastic behavior of the ciliary body could not be entirely attributed to these zomdes. It is suggested that, since pressure in the suprachoroidal space is lower than intraocular pressure due to the elasticity of ciliary body and choroid, in the presence of ocular hypotony the suprachoroidal pressure may fall below atmospheric pressure, encouraging transudation into the space. The distribution of the transudate is explained by the distribution of the suprachoroidal lamellae.