gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effects of silk fibroin in murine dry eye (2017)

The study aimed to investigate the effects of silk fibroin in a mouse model of dry eye. The experimental dry eye mouse model was developed using more than twelve-weeks-old NOD.B10.H2<sup>b</sup> mice exposing them to 30-40% ambient humidity and injecting them with scopolamine hydrobromide for 10 days. Tear production and corneal irregularity score were measured by the instillation of phosphate buffered saline or silk fibroin. Corneal detachment and conjunctival goblet cell density were observed by hematoxylin and eosin or periodic acid Schiff staining in the cornea or conjunctiva. The expression of inflammatory markers was detected by immunohistochemistry in the lacrimal gland. The silk group tear production was increased, and corneal smoothness was improved. The corneal epithelial cells and conjunctival goblet cells were recovered in the silk groups. The expression of inflammatory factors was inhibited in the lacrimal gland of the silk group. These results show that silk fibroin improved the cornea, conjunctiva, and lacrimal gland in the mouse model of dry eye. These findings suggest that silk fibroin has anti-inflammatory effects in the experimental models of dry eye.
Network technology for multimedia (1992)

Many multimedia applications need telecoms networks to provide wide area connectivity. The author gives an overview of how packet mode technology; and frame relay in particular may meet these needs. Frame relay is a technique which exploits the block-structured nature of modern computer communications protocols. At a switching node, frames of data are 'relayed' from an incoming to an outgoing line on the basis of unique identifiers contained within the frames themselves. A minimal amount of protocol support is given by the switch. Frame relay is also the definition of a service provided by a network at the user-network interface. Frame relay as a service arose out of work done in the CCITT to define packet mode services within the emerging Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN). The technique has the potential to make a big impact in the LAN interconnect market. >
Outcome of liver transplantation for hepatitis B in the United States (2004)

Important innovations, such as hepatitis B immune globulin (HBIG) and lamivudine, have been introduced to the care of patients undergoing liver transplantation (OLT) for viral hepatitis B (HBV) (over the last 15 years). We analyzed survival of OLT recipients with HBV in the United States to examine the effect of these innovations. A retrospective analysis was conducted based on data collected prospectively by the United Network for Organ Sharing in all adult (older than 18) patients undergoing primary OLT in the United States between 1987 and 2002. OLT recipients with HBV were identified by the principal diagnosis of acute or chronic HBV or positive results on HBV markers. Patients were divided into Era 1 (1987-1991), Era 2 (1992-1996), and Era 3 (1997-2002). Era 1 consisted of 6,708 patients (675 with HBV), Era 2 consisted of 13,995 patients (1,005 with HBV), and Era 3 consisted of 20,730 patients (1,723 with HBV). More recent patients were older and had less advanced liver disease and shorter ischemic time. The survival of patients with HBV was significantly better for Era 2 than for Era 1 (P <.01) and for Era 3 than for Era 2 (P <.01). There was no difference in survival between patients with HBV and all other diagnoses for Era 3 (P =.14). In the multivariable analysis, the effect of these eras persisted when other variables such as recipient and donor age, warm ischemic time, pre-OLT disease severity, and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) were taken into account. Unlike previous reports, fulminant disease and Asian race had no effect on patient survival. In conclusion, these data underscore the effectiveness of therapeutic innovations that have occurred in the past two decades and indicate timely and widespread adoption of these measures by transplant centers nationwide.
Connecting the Dots: Multivariate Time Series Forecasting with Graph Neural Networks (2020)

Modeling multivariate time series has long been a subject that has attracted researchers from a diverse range of fields including economics, finance, and traffic. A basic assumption behind multivariate time series forecasting is that its variables depend on one another but, upon looking closely, it is fair to say that existing methods fail to fully exploit latent spatial dependencies between pairs of variables. In recent years, meanwhile, graph neural networks (GNNs) have shown high capability in handling relational dependencies. GNNs require well-defined graph structures for information propagation which means they cannot be applied directly for multivariate time series where the dependencies are not known in advance. In this paper, we propose a general graph neural network framework designed specifically for multivariate time series data. Our approach automatically extracts the uni-directed relations among variables through a graph learning module, into which external knowledge like variable attributes can be easily integrated. A novel mix-hop propagation layer and a dilated inception layer are further proposed to capture the spatial and temporal dependencies within the time series. The graph learning, graph convolution, and temporal convolution modules are jointly learned in an end-to-end framework. Experimental results show that our proposed model outperforms the state-of-the-art baseline methods on 3 of 4 benchmark datasets and achieves on-par performance with other approaches on two traffic datasets which provide extra structural information.
Analysis of periodic 3D viscous flows using a quadratic discrete Galerkin boundary element method (1994)

Abstract A discrete Galerkin boundary element technique with a quadratic approximatión of the variables was developed to simulate the three‐dimensional (3D) viscous flow established in periodic assemblages of particles in suspensions and within a periodic porous medium. The Batchelor's unit‐cell approach is used. The Galerkin formulation effectively handles the discontinuity in the traction arising in flow boundaries with edges or corners, such as the unit cell in this case. For an ellipsoidal dilute suspension over the range of aspect ratio studied (1 to 54), the numerical solutions of the rotational velocity of the particles and the viscosity correction were found to agree with the analytic values within 0.2% and 2% respectively, even with coarse meshes. In a suspension of cylindrical particles the calculated period of rotation agreed with the experimental data. However, Burgers' predictions for the correction to the suspension viscosity were found to be 30% too low and therefore the concept of the equivalent ellipsoidal ratio is judged to be inadequate. For pressure‐driven flow through a fixed bed of fibres, the prediction on the permeability was shown to deviate by as much as 10% from the value calculated based on approximate permeability additivity rules using the corresponding values for planar flow past a periodic array of parallel cylinders. These applications show the versatility of the technique for studying viscous flows in complicated 3D geometries.
CO2 Capture by Accelerated Carbonation of Alkaline Wastes: A Review on Its Principles and Applications (2012)

CO2 capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS) is a promising technology wherein CO2 is captured and stored in solid form for further utilization instead of being released into the atmosphere in high concentrations. Under this framework, a new process called accelerated carbonation has been widely researched and developed. In this process, alkaline materials are reacted with high-purity CO2 in the presence of moisture to accelerate the reaction to a timescale of a few minutes or hours. The feedstock for accelerated carbonation includes natural silicate-minerals (e.g., wollastonite, serpentine, and olivine) and industrial residues (e.g., steelmaking slag, municipal solid waste incinerator (MSWI) ash, and air pollution control (APC) residues). This research article focuses on carbonation technologies that use industrial alkaline wastes, such as steelmaking slags and metalworking wastewater. The carbonation of alkaline solid waste has been shown to be an effective way to capture CO2 and to eliminate the contents of Ca(OH)2 in solid residues, thus improving the durability of concrete blended with the carbonated residues. However, the operating conditions must be further studied for both the economic viability of the technology and the optimal conditions for CO2 reaction.
Reduced Complexity Content-Based Image Retrieval Using Vector Quantization (2006)

We present a low complexity approach for content-based image retrieval (CBIR) using vector quantization (VQ). The VQ codebooks serve as generative image models and are used to represent images while computing their similarity. The hope is that encoding an image with a codebook of a similar image will yield a better representation than when a codebook of a dissimilar image is used. Experiments performed on a color image database support this hypothesis, and retrieval based on this method compares well with previous work. Our basic method "tags" each image with a thumbnail and a small VQ codebook of only 8 entries, where each entry is a 6 element color feature vector. In addition, we consider augmenting feature vectors with x-y coordinates associated with the entry
Gallium Lanthanum Sulphide Fibers for Infrared Transmission (2000)

Gallium lanthanum sulphide (GLS) glass and fiber have potential for use in both active and passive infrared applications. In this paper the optical, thermal, and other key properties, which are essential for understanding the applications and crucial in the quest for practical fibres, are discussed. Glass preparation by melt-quenching and subsequent fibre fabrication is described using both rod-in-tube and extruded preforms. Absorptive and scattering losses are explored as they could represent a fundamental limitation to successful device fabrication. Potential passive and active applications are reported and the prospects for a future generation of sulphide fiber-based devices examined.
The Human Brain Project: Neurowissenschaftliche Perspektiven und Beiträge aus Deutschland (2014)

Die Erforschung des menschlichen Gehirns gilt als eine der grosen wissenschaftlichen Herausforderungen. Ein umfassendes Verstandnis der strukturellen und funktionellen Hirnorganisation wird nicht nur fur die Grundlagenwissenschaft von groser Bedeutung sein, sondern auch neue Ansatze fur Diagnose und Therapie neurologischer und psychiatrischer Erkrankungen ermoglichen. Vor diesem Hintergrund hat das Human Brain Project (HBP) im Oktober 2013 seine Arbeit aufgenommen mit dem Ziel, eine europaische ICT-Infrastruktur fur die Neurowissenschaften aufzubauen. Die ungeheure Komplexitat des Gehirns
Trp2313-His2315 of Factor VIII C2 Domain Is Involved in Membrane Binding (2010)

Factor VIII (FVIII) plays a critical role in blood coagulation by forming the tenase complex with factor IXa and calcium ions on a membrane surface containing negatively charged phospholipids. The tenase complex activates factor X during blood coagulation. The carboxyl-terminal C2 domain of FVIII is the main membrane-binding and von Willebrand factor-binding region of the protein. Mutations of FVIII cause hemophilia A, whereas elevation of FVIII activity is a risk factor for thromboembolic diseases. The C2 domain-membrane interaction has been proposed as a target of intervention for regulation of blood coagulation. A number of molecules that interrupt FVIII or factor V (FV) binding to cell membranes have been identified through high throughput screening or structure-based design. We report crystal structures of the FVIII C2 domain under three new crystallization conditions, and a high resolution (1.15 A) crystal structure of the FVIII C2 domain bound to a small molecular inhibitor. The latter structure shows that the inhibitor binds to the surface of an exposed beta-strand of the C2 domain, Trp(2313)-His(2315). This result indicates that the Trp(2313)-His(2315) segment is an important constituent of the membrane-binding motif and provides a model to understand the molecular mechanism of the C2 domain membrane interaction.
First field tests with the fiber optic high-temperature borehole seismometer (1997)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text W. Ecke, J. Schauer, R. Willsch, K. -. Jaeckel, R. Stecher, and E. Unterreitmeier, "First field tests with the fiber optic high-temperature borehole seismometer," in 12th International Conference on Optical Fiber Sensors, Vol. 16 of 1997 OSA Technical Digest Series (Optica Publishing Group, 1997), paper OFB3. Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
An accurate rotary table of simple construction, suitable for optical calibration purposes (1967)

A table is positioned by the vernier scale of a micrometer from accurate steps provided by the positions of bearing balls fitted in an annular groove in the base. There is calibrated levelling. The method of construction makes the table relatively portable, although it is of large diameter.
Slip Casting of Silicon Nitride and Mechanical Properties of Sintered Body (Part 2) (1992)

To develop a complicated shape forming method for the fabrication of Si3N4 engineering ceramic parts the vacuum-pressure assisted slip casting was studied. A well-dispersed and high solids containing slurry (77wt% solids) was prepared, and the consolidation kinetics of the slurry using the vacuum-pressure assisted slip casting system with a porous polymer resin mold and the mechanical properties of the sintered body were investigated. From the slurry containing 77wt% solids (92wt% α-Si3N4, 4wt% α-Al2O3, 4wt% Y2O3), 0.01wt% deflocculant, 0.1wt% defoamer, 4wt% binder, the high-density green body (2.01-2.07g/cm3) was formed in the pressure range of 0.1-0.7MPa. The rate of filter cake buildup (κ) was experimentally determined to be 2.25×10-13P[m2/s]. On the other hand, the k was calculated to be 4.61×10-13P[m2/s] using the Adcock and McDowall's equation. The difference between the experimental and calculated values of κ seemed to be mainly due to that the calculation of κ using the BET-surface area of α-Si3N4 powder in place of the “permeability surface area” resulted in the overestimation of κ although the actual solids had the wide particle size distribution. The green density was mostly independent on the forming pressure in the range of 0.2-0.7MPa. The Si3N4 sintered at 1770°C for 4h at about 0.9MPa N2 with the addition of 4wt% binder showed a density of 3.22g/cm3, a flexural strength of 612MPa and a Weibull modules of 7.4. It was found that the vacuum-pressure assisted slip casting was useful for the forming of silicon nitride.
First-principles investigation of methanethiol adsorption and dissociation mechanisms on the high-Miller-index vicinal surface Cu(4 1 0) (2016)

In this work, we present detailed investigations of methanethiol adsorption on a Cu(4 1 0) surface within the framework of the self-consistent first-principles calculations as implemented in the Vienna ab initio simulation package (VASP). In particular, the adsorption sites, the surface coverage rate and electronic properties have been determined and compared to experimental values. The results indicate that the favorable adsorption site in the case of low coverage rate is a bridge on the step followed by the hollow site on the terrace. The adsorption significantly affects the outermost layer of the surface mainly for a higher coverage rate in a (2 × 2) supercell. The nature of the chemisorption process on the surface is analyzed by means of the density of states which, combined with charge density difference and atomic charge calculations, confirms the ionic character of the S-Cu bond. The specific effect of the presence of steps is highlighted by comparing the adsorption on the (1 0 0) terrace to the adsorption on the extended Cu(1 0 0) surface. Compared to the flat Cu(1 0 0), it is found here that while the stability is almost the same at p(2 × 2) coverage, the CH3S/Cu(4 1 0) becomes more stable than CH3S/Cu(1 0 0) at c(2 × 2) coverage with 0.30 eV per molecule. The mechanism of methanethiol dissociation is explored by the nudged elastic band method and demonstrates that the most favorable path is dissociation followed by migration of hydrogen from the step to its most stable position (hollow on the terrace) with energy barriers less than 0.5 eV.
SHORT TERM FAT FEEDING ALTERS PLASMA CHOLESTEROL ESTER AND CERAMIDE PROFILES IN NEW ZEALAND WHITE RABBITS (2010)

SHORT TERM FAT FEEDING ALTERS PLASMA CHOLESTEROL ESTER AND CERAMIDE PROFILES IN NEW ZEALAND WHITE RABBITS
Dose Response to Ipratropium as a Nebulized Solution in Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (1989)

"Dose Response to Ipratropium as a Nebulized Solution in Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease." American Review of Respiratory Disease, 140(4), p. 1174
3D Menagerie: Modeling the 3D shape and pose of animals (2016)

There has been significant work on learning realistic, articulated, 3D models of the human body. In contrast, there are few such models of animals, despite many applications. The main challenge is that animals are much less cooperative than humans. The best human body models are learned from thousands of 3D scans of people in specific poses, which is infeasible with live animals. Consequently, we learn our model from a small set of 3D scans of toy figurines in arbitrary poses. We employ a novel part-based shape model to compute an initial registration to the scans. We then normalize their pose, learn a statistical shape model, and refine the registrations and the model together. In this way, we accurately align animal scans from different quadruped families with very different shapes and poses. With the registration to a common template we learn a shape space representing animals including lions, cats, dogs, horses, cows and hippos. Animal shapes can be sampled from the model, posed, animated, and fit to data. We demonstrate generalization by fitting it to images of real animals including species not seen in training.
The Plant Plasma Membrane Ca2+ Pump ACA8 Contains Overlapping as Well as Physically Separated Autoinhibitory and Calmodulin-binding Domains (2005)

In plant Ca(2+) pumps belonging to the P(2B) subfamily of P-type ATPases, the N-terminal cytoplasmic domain is responsible for pump autoinhibition. Binding of calmodulin (CaM) to this region results in pump activation but the structural basis for CaM activation is still not clear. All residues in a putative CaM-binding domain (Arg(43) to Lys(68)) were mutagenized and the resulting recombinant proteins were studied with respect to CaM binding and the activation state. The results demonstrate that (i) the binding site for CaM is overlapping with the autoinhibitory region and (ii) the autoinhibitory region comprises significantly fewer residues than the CaM-binding region. In a helical wheel projection of the CaM-binding domain, residues involved in autoinhibition cluster on one side of the helix, which is proposed to interact with an intramolecular receptor site in the pump. Residues influencing CaM negatively are situated on the other face of the helix, likely to face the cytosol, whereas residues controlling CaM binding positively are scattered throughout. We propose that early CaM recognition is mediated by the cytosolic face and that CaM subsequently competes with the intramolecular autoinhibitor in binding to the other face of the helix.
3-D Motion Estimation, Understanding, and Prediction from Noisy Image Sequences (1987)

This paper presents an approach to understanding general 3-D motion of a rigid body from image sequences. Based on dynamics, a locally constant angular momentum (LCAM) model is introduced. The model is local in the sense that it is applied to a limited number of image frames at a time. Specifically, the model constrains the motion, over a local frame subsequence, to be a superposition of precession and translation. Thus, the instantaneous rotation axis of the object is allowed to change through the subsequence. The trajectory of the rotation center is approximated by a vector polynomial. The parameters of the model evolve in time so that they can adapt to long term changes in motion characteristics. The nature and parameters of short term motion can be estimated continuously with the goal of understanding motion through the image sequence. The estimation algorithm presented in this paper is linear, i.e., the algorithm consists of solving simultaneous linear equations. Based on the assumption that the motion is smooth, object positions and motion in the near future can be predicted, and short missing subsequences can be recovered. Noise smoothing is achieved by overdetermination and a leastsquares criterion. The framework is flexible in the sense that it allows both overdetermination in number of feature points and the number of image frames.
A Mixture of the “Antiandrogens” Linuron and Butyl Benzyl Phthalate Alters Sexual Differentiation of the Male Rat in a Cumulative Fashion1 (2004)

Prenatal exposure to environmental chemicals that interfere with the androgen signaling pathway can cause permanent adverse effects on reproductive development in male rats. The objectives of this study were to 1) determine whether a documented antiandrogen butyl benzyl phthalate (BBP) and/or linuron (an androgen receptor antagonist) would decrease fetal testosterone (T) production, 2) describe reproductive developmental effects of linuron and BBP in the male, 3) examine the potential cumulative effects of linuron and BBP, and 4) investigate whether treatment-induced changes to neonatal anogenital distance (AGD) and juvenile areola number were predictive of adult reproductive alterations. Pregnant rats were treated with either corn oil, 75 mg/kg/day of linuron, 500 mg/kg/day of BBP, or a combination of 75 mg/kg/day linuron and 500 mg/kg/day BBP from gestational Day 14 to 18. A cohort of fetuses was removed to assess male testicular T and progesterone production, testicular T concentrations, and whole-body T concentrations. Male offspring from the remaining litters were assessed for AGD and number of areolae and then examined for alterations as young adults. Prenatal exposure to either linuron or BBP or BBP + linuron decreased T production and caused alterations to androgen-organized tissues in a dose-additive manner. Furthermore, treatment-related changes to neonatal AGD and infant areolae significantly correlated with adult AGD, nipple retention, reproductive malformations, and reproductive organ and tissue weights. In general, consideration of the dose-response curves for the antiandrogenic effects suggests that these responses were dose additive rather than synergistic responses. Taken together, these data provide additional evidence of cumulative effects of antiandrogen mixtures on male reproductive development.