gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Recent progress in functional materials from lyotropic chromonic liquid crystals (2020)

Abstract Research on lyotropic chromonic liquid crystals has grown tremendously from fundamental studies to designing functional materials for applications in biological fields and other technological areas. The majority of the research has centered on utilizing chromonic small molecules predominantly dissolved in aqueous solvents. But these often present processing difficulties and a host of other unattractive features including poor mechanical and chemical stabilities. Mesophase properties of chromonic liquid crystals as characterized using X‐ray diffraction and scattering techniques, spectroscopy and light microscopy are explored. We review potential applications and future perspectives of this subfield where methods of transforming chromonic molecules into functional materials are highlighted. © 2020 Society of Industrial Chemistry
Delivery systems of CRISPR/Cas9-based cancer gene therapy (2018)

CRISPR/Cas9 (Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats) is today one of the most reliable method for gene-editing, supporting previous gene therapies technologies such as TALEN, Meganucleases and ZFNs. There is a growing up number of manuscripts reporting several successful gene-edited cancer cell lines, but the real challenge is to translate this technique to the clinical practice. While treatments for diseases based on a single gene mutation is closer, being possible to target and repair the mutant allele in a selective way generating specific guide RNAs (gRNAs), many steps need to be done to apply CRISPR to face cancer. In this review, we want to give a general overview to the recent advancements in the delivery systems of the CRISPR/Cas9 machinery in cancer therapy.
Laterally-Doped Channel(LDC) Structure for Sub-Quarter Micron MOSFETs (1991)

Hot carrier generation, short channel effect and current drivability degradation are major problems for designing "sub-quarter micron" MOSFECTs. LDD structures have been adopted for "sub-micron" MOSFETs to decrease the lateral channel electric field near the drain edge for reducing the hot carrier degradation.
Quadrupole and Octopole Moments of Heteroaromatic Rings (1999)

Ab initio, second-order, Møller−Plesset perturbation theory calculations of quadrupole and octopole moments are reported for 36 different 6π-electron monocycles: benzene, 12 azines, pyrrole, 9 azoles, furan, 9 oxazoles, borazine, boroxine, and 1,2,4,3,5-trioxadiborole. Agreement with the limited experimental and computational data available is generally good.
Emerging DNA topoisomerase inhibitors as anticancer drugs (2004)

Drugs that inhibit or poison the function of topoisomerase (topo) enzymes are one of the mainstays of cancer chemotherapy, and include some of the most widely used anticancer drugs. A major effort is going into improving the broad deficiencies of established agents: for topo I inhibitors, this includes better lactone stability than for camptothecin; for topo II inhibitors lower cardiotoxicity than for existing anthracycline/anthraquinone analogues and for both classes, ways to counteract cell efflux mechanisms. At the same time, new types of structures are also being explored and developed. This review covers 24 drugs (6 topo I inhibitors, 12 topo II inhibitors and 6 dual topo I/II inhibitors) at various stages of clinical development. Although many of the latter class are at an early stage of development, despite a lack of detailed structural biology on the target enzymes, the research area is vigorous and has the potential to open up specific new drug design approaches.
China’s coal mine methane regulations have not curbed growing emissions (2019)

Anthropogenic methane emissions from China are likely greater than in any other country in the world. The largest fraction of China's anthropogenic emissions is attributable to coal mining, but these emissions may be changing; China enacted a suite of regulations for coal mine methane (CMM) drainage and utilization that came into full effect in 2010. Here, we use methane observations from the GOSAT satellite to evaluate recent trends in total anthropogenic and natural emissions from Asia with a particular focus on China. We find that emissions from China rose by 1.1 ± 0.4 Tg CH<sub>4</sub> yr<sup>-1</sup> from 2010 to 2015, culminating in total anthropogenic and natural emissions of 61.5 ± 2.7 Tg CH<sub>4</sub> in 2015. The observed trend is consistent with pre-2010 trends and is largely attributable to coal mining. These results indicate that China's CMM regulations have had no discernible impact on the continued increase in Chinese methane emissions.
Computational design of mixers and pumps for microfluidic systems, based on electrochemically-active conducting polymers (2011)

We present a theoretical description of the propagation of composition waves along a strip of electrochemically-active conducting polymer, upon electrochemical stimulation. We develop an efficient solution of the electro-neutral Nernst-Plank equations in 2-D for electromigration and diffusional transport in the solution based on an extension of the methods of Scharfetter and Gummel [D. L. Scharfetter and H. K. Gummel, IEEE Trans. Electron Devices, 1969, ED16, 64-77.] and of Cohen and Cooley [H. Cohen and J. W. Cooley, Biophys. J., 1965, 5, 145-162.], and demonstrate important effects of the geometry of the cell. Under some circumstances, waves reflecting back from the end of the strip are predicted. We then demonstrate theoretically how such waves, associated as they are with expansion of the polymer, could be employed to enhance mixing or induce pumping in microfluidic systems.
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and complicated diverticular disease: A case-control study (1991)

Extended lymph node dissection for rectal cancer, is it still under debate
Assessing the structural properties of graphitic and non-graphitic carbons by Raman spectroscopy (2020)

We study the transformation from molecular to crystalline of (non-)graphitic carbons synthesized from organic precursors by heat-treatment. Easy assessment of structural properties resulting from heat-treatment protocols is mandatory for industrial process monitoring. We demonstrate that Raman spectroscopy, in particular, the Raman lineshape analysis of G and D mode, offers quick assessment of the average sheet size of such carbons. We validate this method by performing Raman, WAXS and EPR measurements of series of resin and pitch-based carbons synthesized. The crystallite sizes of the WAXS analysis for the individual samples are related to corresponding positions and linewidths of G and D Raman modes and show excellent agreement between experiment and modelling from large sizes down to 4 nm. The theoretical master curves are independent of the precursor used in the synthesis, in contrast to models for the intensity ratio of D and G band versus size. We show that the latter are not universally valid and differ for each class of precursors. For sizes below 4 nm, our lineshape model fails as it is based on the bandstructure and phonon dispersions of ideal graphene. Thus, 4 nm corresponds to the fundamental transition from molecular to crystalline character for non-graphitic carbons.
Prospective and randomized evaluation of ACL reconstruction with three techniques: a clinical and radiographic evaluation at 5 years follow‐up (2006)

A variety of graft sources have been used for ACL reconstruction to improve functions and kinematics in ACL deficient knees. The two most commonly used autogenous grafts are the central third of the patellar tendon and the hamstring tendon constructs. The choice of different grafts and different construct influence the final clinical outcome of ACL reconstruction. The 3 groups, of 25 patients each, were generated by choosing the technique (PT tendon, 4 strand hamstring, and single hamstring plus extraarticular plasty) to utilize and followed for 5 years, with an alternate systematic sampling. Our comparison has shown significant kneeling pain in the patellar tendon with respect to the groups with hamstrings techniques. Single hamstring plus extraarticular plasty achieved subjective score significantly higher with respect to the other two groups as well as for the time to resume sport. The study confirms that patellar tendon and hamstring can be equivalent options for ACL reconstruction. This study demonstrated that a superior outcome as far as subjective clinical findings were concerned, was obtained in group III. Patients in the latter group were also able to return to sports sooner than those in the bone-patellar tendon graft group and the four-strand hamstring group.
Teoria fenomenológica do processo de relaxação dielétrica (2004)

O objetivo deste trabalho é introduzir o conceito de não simultaneidade entre causa e efeito, o que não é muito comum em diversos problemas de física e biologia, mostrando como tratá-los e verificando em que condições os dois modelos conduzem a resultados similares. Para este estudo usaremos os dielétricos. A teoria de Pellat-Debye para a relaxação dielétrica é modificada introduzindo-se uma atraso de resposta (polarização) à ação de um estímulo (campo elétrico), de modo a tornar válido o princípio de causalidade.
Physical and electrical properties of a Si3N4/Si/GaAs metal–insulator–semiconductor structure (2001)

We simulated capacitance–voltage (C–V) curves of Si3N4/GaAs, Si3N4/Si and also Si3N4/Semi* (virtual semiconductor) metal–insulator–semiconductor (MIS) capacitors and compared them with experimental C–V curves of a Si3N4/Si/GaAs structure. The experimental C–V curves of the Si3N4/Si/GaAs MIS capacitors are not in agreement with the simulated C–V curves of the Si3N4/GaAs and Si3N4/Si MIS capacitors, but are in agreement with those of the Si3N4/Semi* MIS capacitors, where Semi* is a virtual semiconductor with ni=7×1011 cm−3 or EG=0.88 eV. This indicates that the Si3N4/Si/GaAs structure is somewhat like a narrow band gap material with EG=0.88 eV. The comparison yields strong support for our theoretical energy band of the Si3N4/Si/GaAs MIS structure based on quantum well confinement. A depletion mode MIS field-effect-transistor (MISFET) is successfully fabricated with transconductance of 85 mS/mm, and an inversion mode MISFET is fabricated with transconductance of 0.05 mS/mm. The small transconductance for the inversion mode MISFET is ascribed to strong scattering due to confinement of electrons in the Si quantum well.
Potential COVID-19 therapeutics from a rare disease: weaponizing lipid dysregulation to combat viral infectivity (2020)

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV)-2 has resulted in the death of more than 328,000 persons worldwide in the first 5 months of 2020. Herculean efforts to rapidly design and produce vaccines and other antiviral interventions are ongoing. However, newly evolving viral mutations, the prospect of only temporary immunity, and a long path to regulatory approval pose significant challenges and call for a common, readily available, and inexpensive treatment. Strategic drug repurposing combined with rapid testing of established molecular targets could provide a pause in disease progression. SARS-CoV-2 shares extensive structural and functional conservation with SARS-CoV-1, including engagement of the same host cell receptor (angiotensin-converting enzyme 2) localized in cholesterol-rich microdomains. These lipid-enveloped viruses encounter the endosomal/lysosomal host compartment in a critical step of infection and maturation. Niemann-Pick type C (NP-C) disease is a rare monogenic neurodegenerative disease caused by deficient efflux of lipids from the late endosome/lysosome (LE/L). The NP-C disease-causing gene (NPC1) has been strongly associated with viral infection, both as a filovirus receptor (e.g., Ebola) and through LE/L lipid trafficking. This suggests that NPC1 inhibitors or NP-C disease mimetics could serve as anti-SARS-CoV-2 agents. Fortunately, there are such clinically approved molecules that elicit antiviral activity in preclinical studies, without causing NP-C disease. Inhibition of NPC1 may impair viral SARS-CoV-2 infectivity via several lipid-dependent mechanisms, which disturb the microenvironment optimum for viral infectivity. We suggest that known mechanistic information on NPC1 could be utilized to identify existing and future drugs to treat COVID-19.
Traditionella flygbolag och Lågprisflygbolag : En jämförande studie av fem europeiska flygbolags operativa effektivitet och finansiella strategier (2008)

Frågeställning: Hur skiljer sig lågprisflygbolagens strategier jämfört med de traditionella, vilken är den vinnande strategin? Huvudsyfte: Genom utvalda teorier och nyckeltal jämföra och se skillnader mellan flygbolagens strategier och hur det påverkar lönsamhet och utveckling. Metoder: En jämförande studie baserad på sekundärdata på fem stora flygbolag för att hitta olikheter i strategier. Främst används bolagens årsredovisningar, vetenskapliga artiklar och relevanta teorier för insamlandet av data. Slutsatser: Biljettpriset inom flygindustrin blir en allt viktigare faktor att anpassa sig efter för överlevnad på marknaden. Lågprisflygen har genom kostnadsreduceringar genom enklare bokningssystem, mindre personalstyrka, avlägsna flygplatser och enhetlig flotta kunnat sätta lägre priser än de traditionella. Detta innebär att effektiviteten har ökat och detta sätter press på de traditionella flygbolagen att kostnadsreducera och utveckla servicen ytterligare för att ha en chans att klara konkurrensen. Marginalerna har blivit mindre vilket pressar ner lönsamheten inom industrin. Traditionella flygbolag behöver anpassa sig efter de nya kraven och omstruktureringar är nödvändigt.
Self-location of a mobile robot with uncertainty by cooperation of a heading sensor and a CCD TV camera (1996)

Goal-oriented navigation of a mobile robot by landmark based techniques is a straightforward and suitable approach. Most of the methods would normally give an estimation of the position and orientation of the vehicle, but often they are not able to provide a good estimate of the uncertainty in the measurement. That information is useful in application where multisensor fusion is requested. Our method permits to determine the vehicle location and relative uncertainty, when its orientation is obtained by a heading sensor, using a visual landmark based method. The approach is straightforward and suitable for real time performance on general purpose hardware. Experimental results are provided by implementation on our autonomous mobile vehicle SAURO.
Identification of risk factors for short breastfeeding duration in Mexico city through survival analysis12 (1997)

The objectives of these analyses are to identify in Mexico City recent: a) infant feeding policies in maternity wards, b) infant feeding patterns, and c) socio‐economic, cultural, behavioral and biomedical determinants of breastfeeding. Subjects (n = 518) were recruited in two large public hospitals and followed‐up in their homes at one and four months post‐partum (pp). Breastfeeding rates at four months ranged from 49% to 60%. The main reason given for stopping breastfeeding was insufficient milk. Multivariate survival analyses showed that delivery in a nursery (vs. rooming‐in) ward, maternal employment, having a refrigerator in the household, being a teenaged mother and low maternal motivation for breastfeeding were risk factors for shorter breastfeeding duration. These results may be useful for improving breastfeeding promotion policies in Mexico.
Regulation of Antigenic Variation inGiardia lamblia (2010)

Antigenic variation, a clonal phenotypic variation developed by microorganisms, involves the permanent switching of homologous, antigenically different cell surface molecules. In pathogenic microorganisms, antigenic variation is often described as a mechanism to evade the host immune system and therefore is responsible for the generation of chronic and/or recurrent infections. However, antigenic variation has also been involved in expanding host diversity and differential courses of the diseases. The intestinal protozoan parasite Giardia lamblia undergoes antigenic variation through the continuous exchange of approximately 200 variant-specific surface proteins. Here we review the principal issues regarding the significance of antigenic variation during Giardia infections, the particular features of the variant-specific surface proteins, and the current knowledge on the mechanisms that regulate this process, as well as the relevance of disrupting antigenic variation as a novel approach to design effective antiparasitic vaccines.
ROOM TEMPERATURE MEASUREMENTS OF ELECTRICAL RESISTIVITY AND THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY OF VARIOUS GRAPHITES. (1971)

Room temperature thermal conductivity measurements were completed on 10 graphite samples selected from the lot of 120 to uniformly span the range of electrical resistivity values. From these data and other measurements a thermal conductivity-electrical conductivity correlation was established to predict room temperature thermal conductivity values for the graphite samples. The correlation, expressed by a parabolic equation, represents available thermal and electrical conductivity data to about + or - 8%.
ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering Appoints New Associate Editors Gathergood, Gong, Meier, and Qiu (2018)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEEditorialNEXTACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering Appoints New Associate Editors Gathergood, Gong, Meier, and QiuDavid T. AllenDavid T. AllenThe University of Texas at Austin, United StatesMore by David T. Allenhttp://orcid.org/0000-0001-6646-8755Cite this: ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng. 2018, 6, 7, 8063Publication Date (Web):July 2, 2018Publication History Received19 June 2018Published online2 July 2018Published inissue 2 July 2018https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acssuschemeng.8b02899https://doi.org/10.1021/acssuschemeng.8b02899editorialACS PublicationsCopyright © 2018 American Chemical Society. This publication is available under these Terms of Use. Request reuse permissions This publication is free to access through this site. Learn MoreArticle Views806Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail PDF (247 KB) Get e-AlertscloseSUBJECTS:Chemical engineering and industrial chemistry Get e-Alerts
Synthesis of Raspberry-Like Poly(styrene–glycidyl methacrylate) Particles via a One-Step Soap-Free Emulsion Polymerization Process Accompanied by Phase Separation (2013)

We herein report a facile method to prepare raspberry-like poly(styrene-glycidyl methacrylate) [P(S-GMA)] particles with controllable structure via a one-step soap-free emulsion polymerization process accompanied by phase separation. In this method, corona particles with a size of 10-20 nm were produced in situ in the later polymerization stage by the migrating of S-enriched polymers from GMA-enriched core particles. The size of the corona particles and the roughness of the raspberry-like particles can be easily controlled by adjusting the amount of styrene (S), glycidyl methacrylate (GMA), and divinylbenzene (DVB). The structure of raspberry-like P(S-GMA) particles was confirmed by transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and atomic force microscopy. A possible mechanism of the formation of raspberry-like particles was proposed.
Photoelectrochemical Analysis of Allowed and Forbidden Multipole Plasmon Modes of Polydisperse Ag Nanorods (2012)

Resonant wavelengths of multipole (i.e., higher-order) plasmon resonance of polydisperse Ag nanorods (NRs) and their dependence on incident angle are analyzed by a photoelectrochemical means coupled with spectroscopy. It also allows us to observe nanostructures of multipole-resonant Ag NRs. Multiple dip formation in extinction spectra is caused by selective oxidation of multipole-resonant NRs on the basis of multipole plasmon-induced charge separation on a TiO2 substrate. The dip wavelengths are the dipole resonant wavelengths of the NRs that are dipole- or multipole-resonant at the irradiation wavelength. Even order plasmon modes (mode index number m = 2, 4) of the NRs are forbidden at perpendicular incidence (θ = 0°), and in the present system, the third-order plasmon mode (m = 3) is also forbidden at a specific incident angle, θ = 37.5°.
A novel technique for nonvolatile data storage using avalanche degradation (2002)

A novel technique for nonvolatile data storage is presented. Data storage is achieved by inducing avalanche degradation in bipolar junctions. The resulting change in junction characteristics can be determined, and the stored value recovered. This technique can operate at lower voltages than conventional standard-CMOS EEPROM devices, but it is slower, and requires more power. Such devices could be ideal for implementation in embedded systems, where small amounts of embedded memory are required, but the cost of the additional EEPROM processing steps is prohibitive.
Adaptive Moving-Target Tracking Control of a Vision-Based Mobile Robot via a Dynamic Petri Recurrent Fuzzy Neural Network (2012)

In this study, an adaptive moving-target tracking control (AMTC) scheme via a dynamic Petri recurrent fuzzy neural network (DPRFNN) is constructed for a vision-based mobile robot with a tilt camera. In this study, the dynamic model of a vision-based mobile robot system, including a nonholonomic mobile robot and a tilt camera based on the concepts of mechanical geometry and motion dynamics, is developed first. Then, a continuously adaptive mean shift algorithm is adopted for the moving-object detection, and a model-based conventional sliding-mode control (CSMC) strategy is introduced. In order to relax the control design dependent on detailed system information and alleviate chattering phenomena caused by the inappropriate selection of uncertainty bounds, it further designs a model-free AMTC scheme with a DPRFNN to imitate the CSMC strategy. In the DPRFNN, the concept of a Petri net and the recurrent frame of internal feedback loops are incorporated into a traditional fuzzy neural network to alleviate the computation burden of parameter learning and to enhance the dynamic mapping of network ability. This five-layer DPRFNN is utilized for the major role in the proposed AMTC scheme. The corresponding adaptation laws of network parameters are established in the sense of projection algorithm and Lyapunov stability theorem to ensure the network convergence, as well as robust control performance without detailed system information and the compensation of auxiliary controllers. In addition, the effectiveness of the proposed AMTC scheme is verified by numerical simulations under different target tracking, and its superiority is indicated in comparison with the CSMC system. Furthermore, experimental results are also provided to verify the validity of the proposed AMTC scheme in practical applications.