gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Stage I nonsmall cell lung carcinoma (2000)

BACKGROUND

Skepticism about the radical curability of lung carcinoma, even when diagnosed in Stage I, has been long fostered by the epidemiologists' dogma against lung cancer screening, and by official recommendations not to screen for lung carcinoma. Follow-up of patients with asymptomatic screen-detected Stage I nonsmall cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC), however, shows that patients who underwent radical resection have long term survival rates, whereas patients nonsurgically treated or undergoing suboptimal operations have much poorer prognosis. The latter clinical outcome data strongly suggest the importance of detecting lung carcinoma when it is in Stage I and cast serious doubts on the recommendation not to screen for lung carcinoma.



DATA

The scrutiny of the biology, epidemiology, and clinical features of Stage I NSCLC clarifies important aspects of the ongoing controversy concerning the value of screening for early diagnosis (Stage I) of lung carcinoma. The biologic characteristics of Stage I NSCLC (histologic types, doubling time, metastases) indicate its malignant potential. The asymptomatic screen-diagnosed Stage I carcinomas have longer doubling time than the more advanced cancers; nevertheless, they are not overdiagnosed tumors because they cause fatal outcome if they are not resected. Chest X-ray screening identifies approximately 50% of cancers in Stage I. Screening by helical low dose computed tomography scan detects greater than 80% of lung carcinomas in Stage I. The resectability, the surgical techniques (lobectomy vs. limited resections), and the influence of the extent of surgical resection of Stage I NSCLC on prognosis are reviewed. These data show that radical surgical treatment offers 5-year survival rate to 60–80% of patients with Stage I NSCLC.



SYNTHESIS.

Asymptomatic Stage I lung carcinomas, detected by screening or by incidental findings, are truly malignant, because they metastasize and cause fatal outcome if they are not radically resected. The possibility to cure lung carcinomas relies on radical resection (lobectomy or, less frequently, pneumonectomy) of early diagnosed (Stage I) disease, which is usually asymptomatic. The limited parenchymal resections (segment or wedge resections) do not fulfill the requirements of radicality because they are accompanied by higher incidence of local recurrences and shorter survival rates.



CONCLUSIONS

The documented improvement of long term survival of NSCLC, which can be achieved by early diagnosis and radical resection, strongly indicates that the current dogma against lung cancer screening is untrue. Every effort should be made to detect the disease when it is in Stage I and radically operable, by implementing screening in at risk smokers and former smokers, with the most effective screening method that is locally available. Cancer 2000;89:2334–44. © 2000 American Cancer Society.
Plasma / Serum Protein Binding Determinations (2008)

The binding of a drug to serum or plasma proteins enables the transport of drugs via the blood to sites of action throughout the body. For expediency we will use serum proteins throughout this discussion with the understanding that one can substitute the term plasma proteins in all experimental instances. Only the fraction of drug unbound from serum proteins is available to diffuse from the vascular system and accumulate in tissues thereby enabling interaction with therapeutic targets and accessibility to xenobiotic clearance pathways. Therefore, the extent of drug binding to serum proteins can have a significant impact on pharmacokinetic (PK) parameters such as clearance rates and volume of distribution. In addition, because only the unbound drug is available to interact with therapeutic targets, the extent of serum binding can have significant effects on the pharmacodynamic properties of a compound as well [1, 2] Determining the fraction of drug bound to serum proteins is a standard parameter evaluated in the process of drug discovery. Although the clinical importance of changes in serum protein binding has been questioned [3-8] the need for serum protein binding studies in the discovery and preclinical development stages is essential for the pharmacokinetic modeling of drugs [1, 3, 9]. The extent of serum protein binding is an important parameter used in many in vivo modeling calculations to estimate the volume of distribution, organ clearance, and for scale-up of pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic parameters from animal models to humans [3, 10, 11]. The convergence of several trends in the pharmaceutical industry including high speed chemical synthesis technologies, the increasing use of in silico ADME modeling together with early in vivo evaluations of lead compounds has increased the demand for serum protein binding determinations [12].
CASPer'15: The 2nd international workshop on crowd assisted sensing pervasive systems and communications, 2015 &#x2014; Welcome and committees (2015)

and Communications, 2015 -Welcome and Committees Welcome Message from the CASPer'15 Co-Chairs
Learning to Read by Spelling: Towards Unsupervised Text Recognition (2018)

This work presents a method for visual text recognition without using any paired supervisory data. We formulate the text recognition task as one of aligning the conditional distribution of strings predicted from given text images, with lexically valid strings sampled from target corpora. This enables fully automated, and unsupervised learning from just line-level text-images, and unpaired text-string samples, obviating the need for large aligned datasets. We present detailed analysis for various aspects of the proposed method, namely - (1) impact of the length of training sequences on convergence, (2) relation between character frequencies and the order in which they are learnt, (3) generalisation ability of our recognition network to inputs of arbitrary lengths, and (4) impact of varying the text corpus on recognition accuracy. Finally, we demonstrate excellent text recognition accuracy on both synthetically generated text images, and scanned images of real printed books, using no labelled training examples.
Adenosine 2A Receptor Activation Attenuates Ischemia Reperfusion Injury During Extracorporeal Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (2018)

Using a novel and clinically relevant porcine model of circulatory arrest and ECPR, we demonstrated that a selective A2AR agonist significantly attenuated systemic IRI and warrants clinical investigation.
BAF: An audio fingerprinting dataset for broadcast monitoring (2022)

Audio Fingerprinting (AFP) is a well-studied problem in music information retrieval for various use-cases e.g. content-based copy detection, DJ-set monitoring, and music excerpt identification. However, AFP for continuous broadcast monitoring (e.g. for TV &amp; Radio), where music is often in the background, has not received much attention despite its importance to the music industry. In this paper (1) we present BAF, the first public dataset for music monitoring in broadcast. It contains 74 hours of production music from Epidemic Sound and 57 hours of TV audio recordings. Furthermore, BAF provides cross-annotations with exact matching timestamps between Epidemic tracks and TV recordings. Approximately, 80% of the total annotated time is background music. (2) We benchmark BAF with public state-of-the-art AFP systems, together with our proposed baseline PeakFP: a simple, non-scalable AFP algorithm based on spectral peak matching. In this benchmark, none of the algorithms obtain a F1-score above 47%, pointing out that further research is needed to reach the AFP performance levels in other studied use cases. The dataset, baseline, and benchmark framework are open and available for research.
Monocyte and macrophage subpopulations in epithelial ovarian cancer (2004)

1259 Monocytes and macrophages (MO/MA) are a heterogeneous population of cells along a differentiation continuum. Functions of certain MO/MA, such as antibody-dependent cell mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) and phagocytosis, may depend on phenotypic expression of certain cell surface antigens. MO/MA subpopulations may shift toward more differentiated phenotypes in certain cancers and may be important contributors to the immunopathobiology of epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC). Therefore, characterization of the immunophenotype and function of MO/MA subpopulations will be important in understanding the immunopathobiology of EOC and in developing optimal immunotherapy. We hypothesized that peripheral blood and ascitic MO/MA in EOC patients would show a more differentiated surface phenotype. We therefore compared MO/MA subpopulation proportions in whole peripheral blood of healthy subjects (n=9) and EOC patients (n=7), and in ascites of EOC patients (n=6) by three-color flow cytometry. MO/MA were identified by characteristic size and granularity and by CD14 positivity. Gated MO/MA subpopulations were further identified by intensity of CD14 (lipopolysaccharide receptor) expression, as well as the presence of cell surface antigens CD16 (FcγRIII, involved in ADCC and phagocytosis) and HLA-DR (MHC-II receptor, involved in antigen presentation). Proportions were calculated based on 100% equaling total CD14+ MO/MA (i.e. CD14bright plus CD14dim). Proportions of CD14brightCD16−HLA-DR+ MO/MA in peripheral blood of EOC patients (57%) were less than in healthy subjects (88%; p
A comparison of numerical mode-matching techniques for the analysis of well-logging tools (2017)

Two numerical mode-matching (NMM) techniques are compared for the analysis of logging-while-drilling (LWD) tools within borehole crossing in geophysical formations. The logging tools as well as the borehole and the surrounding geophysical formation are modeled as a stratified medium in cylindrical coordinates. One NMM technique perform a vertical expansion of the fields and a mode-matching is used to incorporate the radial stratifications. In the second NMM formulation, the fields are first expanded in radial direction and subsequently matched along each axial boundary. We present validation results and a preliminary analysis of the accuracy of these two NMM approaches to model typical well-logging tools used for hydrocarbon exploration.
Survival according to mutations in BRAF, KRAS, or microsatellite instability (MSI-H) after cytoreductive surgery and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) in patients with peritoneal metastases from colorectal cancer. (2019)

3565 Background: Patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) and mutations in BRAF V600E (mutBRAF) or KRAS (mutKRAS) have a worse prognosis after liver or lung surgery/ablation, whereas the impact of microsatellite instability (MSI-H) has not been well studied. Few patients with mutBRAF receive liver or lung surgery (1-4%), whereas mutBRAF is present in 5-12% of mCRC trial patients and in up to 20% of the general mCRC population. The frequency and prognostic role of mutBRAF, mutKRAS and MSI has not been well studied after cytoreductive surgery (CRS) and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) for peritoneal metastases from colorectal cancer. Methods: The Norwegian Radium Hospital is the only center offering CRS and HIPEC in Norway. From 2004 to 2015 257 patients with histology proven peritoneal metastasis from colorectal cancer, appendiceal cancer excluded, was consecutively enrolled. Molecular analyses of KRAS, BRAF and MSS/MSI in mutBRAF were done. Fourteen patients were excluded due to missing tumour blocks (7), unsuccessful analysis (4) and other malignant disease (1). Results: 180 of 243 patients obtained complete cytoreductive surgery and received HIPEC for 90 minutes with Mitomycin C (45-70mg). Median survival for the 180 patients was 47 months and 5-year survival rate 40.1%. Median disease-free survival was 10 months. mutBRAF was found in 23.4% of cases, mutKRAS 35.1% and double-wild type 41.5%. mutBRAF with MSS was found in 16.4%, mutBRAF with MSI-H in 7.0%. 3-year disease free survival (DFS) and median overall survival (OS) was 38.9% and 59 months with mutBRAF with MSI-H, significantly higher compared to 24.2% and 30 months in patients with double wild type, 13.2 % and 41 months in mutKRAS and 17.9% and 22 months in mutBRAF with MSS. Conclusions: A surprisingly high frequency of mutBRAF was seen in mCRC patients after CRS and HIPEC for peritoneal metastatic disease. Patients with mutBRAF and MSI-H had a significantly better DFS and OS after CRS and HIPEC. DFS for patients with mutBRAF and MSS was numerically lower but not statistically different from patients with mutKRAS or double wild type.
Charged colloids and proteins at an air-water interface: The effect of dielectric substrates on interaction and phase behavior (2003)

We study a two-dimensional (2D) system of macroions, trapped at the interface between air and an aqueous electrolyte solution, in the presence of a dielectric substrate approaching the air-water interface from the water side. Working within the linear Debye-Hückel theory, we investigate how the microion-averaged interaction potential between the macroions is affected by the presence of the dielectric substrate. Using these potentials in a Monte Carlo simulation, we further study the changes in the structural and phase behavior of the 2D colloidal system in response to the approaching substrate. Our scope of investigation covers two classes of colloidal particles, namely, highly charged latex particles of tens of nanometers radius, and protein particles of few nanometers radius carrying relatively small numbers of total charge. Probing the bond-orientational order parameter Phi(6) as a function of the 2D particle surface fraction phi(surf) and the air-water-substrate-water separation distance L, our simulations show that structural formations at the air-water interface are strongly influenced by the presence and the dielectric nature of the supporting substrate. Specifically, our [phi(surf): L] phase diagrams reveal that the transition from the fluid to the crystalline phase is shifted to higher surface fractions, if the approaching substrate is metallic, and to lower surface fractions, if it has a very low dielectric constant. These phase diagrams may be useful for finding materials and substrate interfaces for growing, e.g., 2D crystals of protein particles.
Relationship of pleural effusions to increased permeability pulmonary edema in anesthetized sheep. (1988)

We studied anesthetized sheep to determine the relationship between increased permeability pulmonary edema and the development and mechanism of pleural effusion formation. In 12 sheep with intact, closed thoraces, we studied the time course of pleural liquid formation after 0.12 ml/kg i.v. oleic acid. After 1 h, there were no pleural effusions, even though extravascular lung water increased 50% to 6.0 +/- 0.7 g/g dry lung. By 3 h pleural effusions had formed, they reached a maximum at 5 h (48.5 +/- 16.9 ml/thorax), and at 8 h there was no additional accumulation of pleural liquid (45.5 +/- 16.9 ml). Morphologic studies by light and electron microscopy demonstrated subpleural edema but no detectable injury to the visceral pleura, suggesting that the pleural liquid originated from the lung and not the pleura. In nine sheep, we quantified the rate of formation of pleural liquid by enclosing one lung in a plastic bag. By comparing in the same sheep the volume of pleural liquid collected from the enclosed lung to the volume found in the opposite intact chest, we estimated the rate of liquid absorption from the intact chest to be 0.32 ml/(kg.h); we had previously reported a liquid absorption rate of 0.28 ml/(kg.h) in normal sheep. These studies also supported the conclusion that the majority of the pleural liquid originated from the lung because we could account for all of the pleural liquid that was formed and cleared. The volume of pleural liquid collected from the enclosed lungs was equal to 21% of the excess lung liquid that formed after oleic acid-induced lung injury. Thus, the pleural space and parietal pleural lymphatic pathways are important pathways for the clearance of pulmonary edema liquid after experimentally induced increased permeability pulmonary edema.
ChemInform Abstract: A NEW ROUTE TO AMINONITRILES VIA CYANOSILYLATION OF SCHIFF BASES AND OXIMES (1975)

Abstract Die Imine (I) ergeben in Anwesenheit von katalytischen Mengen einer Lewis‐Säure wie AlCl 3 mit Trimethylsilylcyanid (II) die N‐Trimethylsilyl‐α‐aminonitrile (III), aus denen durch Hydrolyse die α‐Aminonitrile (IV) in guten Ausbeuten zugänglich sind.
A high-speed driver for silicon photonics Mach-Zehnder modulator for high data-rate transfer of particle collision images in high-energy physics and in medical physics (2018)

All the High Energy Physics (HEP) experiments in modern accelerators can be seen as real-time imaging devices whose main target is the reconstruction of the trajectories of the particles generated directly in the beam interactions - e.g. interaction between proton-proton beams in the Large Hadron collider (LHC) at CERN – or in the decay of other particles. Silicon imaging sensors are segmented in pixel arrays (50 &mu;m x 50 &mu;m) and they are bonded to custom Front-End (FE) ASICs. The data rate generated amounts to hundreds of Gbps for each FE ASIC. Similar scenario characterized the array of detectors in nuclear medicine systems such as PET (Positron Emission Tomography) scanners. Within this scenario, the paper presents the L1-trigger processor, which acts as an image compression processor with a compression factor 40:1. The paper also presents the silicon photonic Mach Zehnder Modulator with the relevant high-speed driver to transfer the multi-Gbps data rate with a tolerance to radiation damage up to 1 Grad.
When Emergency Is Permanent (2022)

For almost half a century, emergency regulations have been used in Egypt for the purpose of allowing the executive authorities to repress any form of opposition. Therefore, when a ‘real’ emergency took place in the form of the COVID-19 pandemic, Egypt was unable to develop alternative tools to deal with it. The historic reliance on emergency powers as the default way of governing for decades has affected the whole legal culture of Egypt. The only kind of emergencies that informed Egyptian practice in the use of emergency powers were related to security concerns. Nevertheless, legislative amendments to existing emergency law and other procedures were introduced to respond to the economic damage and public health concerns arising from COVID-19. Legal interventions by civil society organisations played an essential role in enhancing the right to health during the pandemic. Further, Egypt conducted the Senate and House elections during the time of the COVID-19 crisis. While the House elections were not possible to be delayed because of the tight constitutional deadline, the Senate elections could have been postponed to minimise health risks. In summary, Egypt’s approach to the COVID-19 crisis was the adoption of the minimum possible actions, while not changing the way the system functions and aiming to quickly return to the ‘normal’ mode of governing.
Cyborg eyes: Microfabricated neural interfaces implanted during the development of insect sensory organs produce stable neurorecordings in the adult (2012)

We present the design, fabrication, characterization and neural recordings with flexible microfabricated neural interfaces that are implanted into developing insect sensory organs. During metamorphosis, the neuronal processes extending from the insect sensory organ grow through the implant resulting in an adult insect with a stable and fused organ-interface assembly. We present neural recordings from adult eyes and antennas taken with these interfaces. We believe this work will have impact as a method for obtaining stable chronic insect sensory recordings.
Validation and Flight Testing of a Wireless Load Distribution Measuring System (2015)

Parachute systems design requires an extensive flight testing regimen, because of the inherent difficulties in modeling the parachute behavior. Traditionally, circular parachutes are assumed to have symmetric loading upon inflation and during terminal descent. Recently, a preliminary study found asymmetric canopy loading of Orion parachute systems with a wired bridle load measuring system. The research presented here expands upon the bridle measuring system to include a wireless load measurement system that can be readily applied to a wide variety of aerodynamic decelerator systems. Custom strain gauge load cells with mounted custom circuitry to calibrate, amplify, and transmit the load data were fixed to canopy suspension lines. Drop testing was performed with a 1.2m (4.0ft) quarterspherical cross based canopy with a payload of 2.0kg (4.4lbs). A 12m (39ft) guide-line based drop rig was implemented to prevent canopy rotational movement that could hinder testing repeatability. Load distribution data was first verified via both static calibration and in-flight total canopy load measurements. Drop testing was then conducted to identify loading asymmetry during both inflation and terminal descent. Maximum asymmetric loading factors exceeded twice the average suspension line load for a 0m static line drop testing, which is much higher than the standard asymmetric loading factor of 1.1 used in current parachute design. Additionally, the average asymmetric loading factor during descent exceeded the standard asymmetric loading factor for every scenario tested. Finally, flight testing was conducted to quantify the effects of the suspension line measurement systems on the overall parachute behavior. Results indicate the custom load cells have a negligible effect on the small-scale parachute used in this study.
High gain and broadband cylindrical dielectric resonator antenna with annular patch (2015)

A new high-gain cylindrical dielectric resonator antenna (DRA) with a large bandwidth is proposed. A cylindrical dielectric resonator (DR), a double-annular patch and a metallic cylinder are used to obtain a large bandwidth and a high gain. The mode TM12 excited in the patch is used to enhance the gain of the DRA, and the cavity formed by the metallic cylinder provides a further higher gain and a larger bandwidth. The results demonstrate that the proposed DRA achieves a large bandwidth of 23% from 5.4 to 6.8 GHz with VSWR less than two and a high gain around 12 dBi.
Detection and Monitoring of Microparticles Under Skin by Optical Coherence Tomography as an Approach to Continuous Glucose Sensing Using Implanted Retroreflectors (2013)

We demonstrate the feasibility of using optical coherence tomography (OCT) to image and detect 2.8 <i>μ</i>m diameter microparticles (stationary and moving) on a highly-reflective gold surface both in clear media and under skin <i>in vitro</i>. The OCT intensity signal can clearly report the microparticle count, and the OCT response to the number of microparticles shows a good linearity. The detect ability of the intensity change (2.9% ± 0.5%) caused by an individual microparticle shows the high sensitivity of monitoring multiple particles using OCT. An optical sensing method based on this feasibility study is described for continuously measuring blood sugar levels in the subcutaneous tissue, and a molecular recognition unit is designed using competitive binding to modulate the number of bound microparticles as a function of glucose concentration. With further development, an ultra-small, implantable sensor might provide high specificity and sensitivity for long-term continuous monitoring of blood glucose concentration.
Tuber melosporumsmooth spores: an anomalous feature in the genusTuber (2016)

This paper adds new insights on ecology and micromorphology of Tuber melosporum, a rare species with smooth spores. Eight T. melosporum ascomata collected in a 50 y old Pinus halepensis and Quercus ilex plantation in Sardinia, Italy, represent the first recovery of this species outside Spain. In comparison to the T. melosporum holotype, Italian specimens revealed differences in the number of spores in asci and spore shape. We propose an emended description of Tuber to include species without spore ornamentation.