gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Dynamic Kernel Function for High-Speed Real-Time Fast Fourier Transform Processors (2009)

The fast Fourier transform (FFT) plays a critical role in many modern applications, such as acoustics, optics, telecommunications, wireless sensor networks, location sensing, patient monitoring, speech, signal detection, and image processing. The input dynamic range, data throughput rate, frequency resolution, bandwidth, design flexibility, hardware consumption, and power requirements for the various applications are vastly different, leading to significant research focusing on different aspects of FFT performance improvement. The proposed dynamic kernel function uses an efficient fixed-point numerical representation of the twiddle factor and replaces the cumbersome multipliers with simple shift-and-add operations to enhance the data throughput rate for high-speed wideband signal detection. Numerical representation in hardware plays a role in determining the dynamic range and bit precision of FFT processors. Variable truncation scheme dynamically scales the computation data and maximizes the use of fixed-input and inter-stage wordlength in existing hardware efficient fixed-point FFT. The above data scaling algorithm enhances the dynamic range of fixed-point fixed-precision FFT designs and emulates the precision benefits of floating-point representation without complicated design additions. Novel algorithms and performance analysis for hardware efficient representation of twiddle factors are studied for multi-tone signal detection with dynamic kernel function FFT processors. The development of hardware performance estimation models based on different number of bits used for dynamic kernel function shows the relative trade-off between kernel bits to FFT spurious-free dynamic range (SFDR) and phase performance. A 2.048 GSPS fixed-point fixed-precision dynamic kernel function FFT processor with variable truncation scheme is proposed, developed and implemented for real-time wideband signal detection. Using an Atmel 10-bit ADC, two-tone real-time signal detection is demonstrated for a bandwidth of 912 MHz with 16 MHz channelization and output throughput rates of 62.5 ns. The proposed design has an averaged single signal SFDR of 26 dB and the ability to detect a weak input signal at -42 dBm. The overall dynamic range (DR) of the system is 45 dB. This is possible for a fixed-precision FFT design due to the embedded variable truncation scheme to extend the total DR while preserving the instantaneous dynamic range (IDR) relationship. Additional case studies utilizing different dynamic kernel function and inter-stage precision shows important area and performance trade-offs when utilized in a high-speed wideband FFT processor without the use of decimators.
Far-Field Diversion in Hydraulic Fracturing and Acid Fracturing: Using Solid Particulates to Improve Stimulation Efficiency (2016)

Abstract The industry has long recognized the need to divert stimulation fluids away from a path of least resistance into one that stimulates new/more reservoir volume. However, relatively little research has been published specifically on the application of solid particulate diverters to increase fracture complexity in the far-field and to control fluid loss in acid fracturing. As the industry focuses more on well economics and increasing stage efficiency, proper engineering and application of far-field dissolvable solid particulate diversion technologies can increase overall well productivity in propped hydraulic fracturing and acid fracturing applications. To support the concept of far-field diversion in propped hydraulic fracturing and acid fracturing, laboratory studies including bridging tests, diversion efficiency through permeability reduction, and dissolution rates have been performed. To enhance these studies, operational guidelines and engineering the field application will help determine when different types of diversion can improve efficiency. Combining the information learned from laboratory testing and the new operational efficiency guidelines, a recommendation will be presented on the optimal way to run dissolvable solid particulate diverters in order to increase reservoir contact in the far-field. Multiple techniques exist to increase fracture complexity in the industry today. However, chemical diversion using solid particulates with an optimized particle size distribution enables the ability to reach more hydrocarbons in the reservoir. In addition, an advanced solid particulate diverter will be discussed for propped fracturing which includes the combination of particulate diverter material and a specially designed proppant to keep the fracture network open in the far-field.
Moral distress perspectives among interprofessional intensive care unit team members (2020)

Moral distress was associated with feelings of anguish, professional intimidation, and organizational factors that impacted the delivery of ethically based patient care. Participants expressed a sense of awareness that they may experience ethical dilemmas as a consequence of the changing reality of providing healthcare within complex healthcare systems. Strategies to combat moral distress should target team and system interventions designed to improve interprofessional collaboration and support professional ethical values and moral commitments of all healthcare providers.
Automated Generation of Management Workflows for Applications Based on Deployment Models (2019)

To automate the deployment of applications several deployment technologies have been developed. However, the management of deployed applications is only partially covered by existing approaches: While management functionalities such as scaling components or changing their configurations are covered directly by cloud providers or configuration management technologies such as Chef, holistic management processes that affect multiple components probably deployed in different environments cannot be automated using these approaches. For example, testing all deployed components and their communication or backing up the entire application state that is scattered across different components requires custom management logic that needs to be implemented manually, e. g., using scripts. However, a manual implementation of such management processes is errorprone, time-consuming, and requires immense technical expertise. Therefore, we propose an approach that enables automatically generating executable management workflows based on the declarative deployment model of an application. This significantly reduces the effort for automating holistic management processes as no manual implementation is required. We validate the practical feasibility of the approach by a prototypical implementation based on the TOSCA standard and the OpenTOSCA ecosystem.
Homozygous THAP1 mutations as cause of early‐onset generalized dystonia (2011)

To identify the underlying genetic cause in a consanguineous family with apparently recessively inherited dystonia, we performed genome-wide homozygosity mapping. This revealed 2 candidate regions including the THAP1 gene, where heterozygous mutations cause dystonia 6. A homozygous missense mutation in THAP1 (c.95T>A; p.Leu32His) was found in all 3 affected siblings. Symptoms started in childhood in the legs and became generalized within a few years. Three heterozygous mutation carriers were unaffected. Because THAP1 regulates the expression of the DYT1 gene, we used reporter gene assays to show that DYT1 expression was significantly increased for Leu32His. However, this increase was less pronounced than for other THAP1 mutations that cause dystonia in the heterozygous state. Our data suggest that homozygous THAP1 mutations cause dystonia and may be associated with a less severe dysfunction of the encoded protein compared with heterozygous disease-causing mutations.
Artifacts from pulsatile flow in MR imaging. (1986)

Previous investigators have examined the effect of blood flow on the apparent blood vessel signal intensity. These studies reported flow brightening and darkening effects within vessels. In this paper we have investigated another type of flow artifact, which originates from the pulsatile nature of blood flow. These flow artifacts have characteristic bright and dark "ghosting" patterns which appear close to small vessels, usually arteries, which are bright in slow flow. Similar to the amplitude-of-motion artifacts caused by patient motion (e.g., breathing and cardiac motion) the ghosting artifacts due to pulsatile flow are best characterized as frequency modulated spectral sidebands. The pulsatile artifacts can have both dark and bright structures and usually appear close to the "moving" vessel that generates the artifact. In this paper we present a study of the chief features of these pulsatile flow artifacts, and we develop a theoretical description of their origins in terms of "accidental" velocity-encodings that occur strongly in most magnetic resonance imaging sequences.
Nutrition in Infant Allergy (2006)

In Brief The prevalence of atopic diseases, including atopic dermatitis, food allergy, gastrointestinal food allergy, asthma, and allergic rhinitis, has significantly increased in recent years. Many risk factors have been implicated and the possibility of modifying some of these factors through nutritional interventions has sparked great interest. Breast-feeding and use of hypoallergenic formulas have been shown to provide some protective effects against the development of atopy in high-risk infants. In addition, the timing of solid food introduction to infants may play a role in the development of allergy for some. Based on these findings, the American Academy of Pediatrics has established guidelines for feeding infants who are at high risk for developing allergies, including exclusive breast-feeding in the first year, use of hydrolyzed formulas if supplementation is necessary, delayed introduction of solids until 6 months of age, and consideration of maternal dietary avoidance of certain allergenic foods during pregnancy and lactation Update on where we stand with diet and other factors influencing allergy in infants
High-Temperature-Induced Shape Memory Copolyimide (2021)

A series of polyimide (PI) films with a high-temperature-induced shape memory effect and tunable properties were prepared via the facile random copolymerization of 4,4'-oxydianiline (ODA) with 4,4'-(hexafluoroisopropyl)diphthalic anhydride (6FDA) and 4,4'-oxydiphthalic anhydride (ODPA). The trigger temperature can be controlled from 294 to 326 °C by adjusting the ratio of monomers. The effects of monomer rigidity on the chain mobility, physical properties, and shape memory performance of as-prepared copolyimide were systematically investigated. The introduction of ODPA could enhance the mobility of PI macromolecular chains, which made chain entanglement more likely to occur and increased the physical crosslinking density, thereby improving the PI's shape recovery up to 97%. Meanwhile, the existence of 6FDA enabled PI films to set quickly at low temperatures with a shape fixation of 98%. The shape memory cycling characteristics of the polyimide films are also studied, and the relationship between the PI chemical structure and the film properties are further discussed.
A Model-Based Autonomous Engine for Application Runtime Environment Configuration and Deployment in PaaS Cloud (2014)

Cloud Computing is evolving as a key computing paradigm for sharing resources. One type of Cloud, which provides platform resources including all the elements of application runtime environment, is regarded as PaaS Cloud. The management of PaaS Cloud is a complex task, up to the point, where manual operation is hard to be cost effective. As the application runtime environment is supported by a set of dynamically composed, distributed elements. What is more, in order to achieve a management target, multiple operations have to be applied over the distributed and heterogeneous elements of PaaS Cloud. To improve the management of PaaS Cloud, this paper proposes to support the configuration and deployment of application runtime environment in PaaS Cloud with an autonomous engine. The automation is enabled by the definition of a domain-specific information model, which captures all the related information with the same abstractions, describing the application runtime environment, PaaS Cloud infrastructure and management targets. On top of that, a technique based on Satisfiability is described, which automatically analyses the state of the managed objects and plans required operations for maintaining it. The result from a case study is provided to validate the feasibility of this approach.
Methane CH Activation by Palladium Complexes with Chelating Bis(NHC) Ligands: A DFT Study (2013)

Palladium bis(NHC) complexes are able to catalytically activate and to promote the oxidation of methane. The conversion of methane to methyl trifluoroacetate catalyzed by the palladium bis(NHC) complex dibromido(1,1′-dimethyl-3,3′-methylenediimidazolin-2,2′-ylidene)palladium(II) was investigated by a DFT study on the B3LYP/6-311++G(d,p)//B3LYP/6-31G(d) level of theory in combination with solvent and dispersion corrections. According to the DFT calculations the reaction proceeds by a palladium(II–II–IV) pathway without formation of palladium(0). A second redox cycle via a bromide–bromine shuttle, which mediates the oxidation of palladium(II) to palladium(IV), is proposed. Although CH activation by palladium(0) is predicted to be a very facile process, this pathway is very unlikely, due to the extraordinarily high reaction barrier for reductive elimination. CH activation by palladium(IV) has been investigated as well and might be a viable pathway comparable in energy to an activation by palladium(II) with other ligand systems.
A Cluster-Based Random Key Revocation Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks (2008)

In recent years, several random key pre- distribution schemes have been proposed to bootstrap keys for encryption, but the problem of key and node revocation has received relatively little attention. In this paper, based on a random key pre-distribution scheme using clustering, we present a novel random key revoca- tion protocol, which is suitable for large scale networks greatly and removes compromised information efficiently. The revocation protocol can guarantee network security by using less memory consumption and communication load, and combined by centralized and distributed revoca- tion, having virtues of timeliness and veracity for revoca- tion at the same time. protocol, which is unsuitable for random key pre-distribution schemes. In this paper, we present a novel random key revocation protocol based on a random key pre-distribution scheme using clustering. The revocation protocol is suitable for large scale networks greatly and removes compromised informa- tion efficiently. Because the network topology is a two-level hierarchical, we consider the revocation protocol from two aspects: in a cluster and between clusters. In a cluster, the revocation protocol is combined by centralized and distri- buted revocation with virtues of timeliness and veracity. Between clusters, the revocation protocol can guarantee network security by using less memory consumption and communication load. In addition, we also propose a special method to set up secure links for any two clusters, which is a high point in the paper, except for the revocation protocol. The remainder of the paper is organized as follows. A random key pre-distribution scheme is described in Section 2. Section 3 details the cluster-based random key revocation protocol from two aspects: in a cluster and between clusters. Finally, our concluding remark is exposed in Section 4.
Correlation between dose rate and T1 in blood at gd-enhanced MR angiography (1998)

A Gd dose rate of 0.01 ml.kg b.w.-1.s-1 gives a T1 in blood of 100 ms. This can be used to calculate the optimal pulse sequence for contrast-enhanced MRA.
Production of thaxtomin A by Streptomyces scabies strains in plant extract containing media (1999)

Thaxtomin A production by Streptomyces scabies is induced by plant extracts in culture media. We compared the production of thaxtomin A by three Streptomyces scabies strains (EF-35, CG1, and ATCC 49173) in different culture media in a first attempt to identify the plant molecules required for the biosynthesis of thaxtomin A. Thaxtomin A production varied greatly among media and among S. scabies strains. Strain CG1 presented a higher production than the other strains in all complex media. Oat bran broth is the best thaxtomin A production medium, and suberin is the only plant polymer allowing the production of thaxtomin A in minimal medium. The three S. scabies strains had extracellular esterase activities when grown in the presence of potato suberin or oat bran. We suggest that extracellular esterases allow the release from lipid polymers of plant molecules that may act as inducers for thaxtomin A biosynthesis genes or as precursors in the biosynthetic pathway of thaxtomin A.Key words: common scab, phytotoxin, suberin, esterase.
Atypical Melanosis of the Foot (1994)

To the best of our knowledge, similar lesions with the clinical appearance of melanoma in situ and completely lacking histologic evidence of malignancy have not been reported. We, therefore, prefer to designate these lesions as atypical melanosis of the foot to highlight the clinically apparent atypical findings and to distinguish them from malignant melanoma in situ of the foot.
Marangoni convection in weld pools with a free surface (1989)

Abstract A steady‐state two‐dimensional model of heat transfer and fluid flow was developed to describe Marangoni convection in the weld pool. Both the pool surface and the fusion boundary were calculated. The validity of the model was verified against an asymptotic solution for Marangoni‐convection‐induced free surface geometry. Two different cases were studied, i.e. a negative surface tension temperature coefficient ∂γ/∂ T a positive one, and the resultant shapes of the weld pool surface were compared.
A comparison of three rapid D‐dimer methods for the diagnosis of venous thromboembolism (2001)

We compared three rapid D-dimer methods for the diagnosis of venous thromboembolism. Patients presenting to four teaching hospitals with the possible diagnosis of deep vein thrombosis or pulmonary embolism were investigated with a combination of clinical likelihood, D-dimer (SimpliRED) and initial non-invasive testing. Patients were assigned as being positive or negative for deep vein thrombosis or pulmonary embolism based on their three-month outcome and initial test results. The three D-dimer methods compared were: (a) Accuclot D-dimer (b) IL-Test D-dimer (c) SimpliRED D-dimer. Of 993 patients, 141 had objectively confirmed deep vein thrombosis or pulmonary embolism. The sensitivity of SimpliRED, Accuclot and IL-Test were 79, 90 and 87% respectively. All three D-dimer tests gave similar negative predictive values. The SimpliRED D-dimer was found to be less sensitive than the Accuclot or IL-Test. When combined with pre-test probability all three methods are probably acceptable for use in the diagnosis of venous thromboembolism.
Ovarian Antibodies Detected by Immobilized Antigen Immunoassay in Patients with Premature Ovarian Failure* (1990)

An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to detect ovarian and oocyte antibodies in serum from 45 patients with premature ovarian failure (POF). Control sera were obtained from a similar group of normally cycling women without POF. A specific antibody reaction was found when POF sera were tested against human ovary (47%) or oocytes (47%). A combined total of 69% of the sera were positive for either ovary or oocytes. Fewer sera were positive for antibodies against human thyroid (18%) or human placenta (22%), and virtually no reaction with human liver (4%) was seen. LH antibodies were detected by ELISA against LH in only 3 POF sera that also contained ovarian antibodies. Therefore, gonadotropin antibodies alone do not appear to account for POF. In addition, 2 patients were treated by immunosuppression and became pregnant coincident with a decline in the serum concentration of ovarian antibodies. In summary, the results of this study are consistent with previous immunohistochemical data which indicate that ovarian and oocyte antibodies are common in patients with POF. This supports the concept that some forms of POF are associated with an autoimmune process. Furthermore, detection of ovarian and oocyte antibodies by ELISA may permit routine diagnosis of autoimmune POF and provide a basis for therapy.
ACE2 expression in adipose tissue is associated with COVID-19 cardio-metabolic risk factors and cell type composition (2020)

COVID-19 severity has varied widely, with demographic and cardio-metabolic factors increasing risk of severe reactions to SARS-CoV-2 infection, but the underlying mechanisms for this remain uncertain. We investigated phenotypic and genetic factors associated with subcutaneous adipose tissue expression of Angiotensin I Converting Enzyme 2 ( <i>ACE2</i> ), which has been shown to act as a receptor for SARS-CoV-2 cellular entry. In a meta-analysis of three independent studies including up to 1,471 participants, lower adipose tissue <i>ACE2</i> expression was associated with adverse cardio-metabolic health indices including type 2 diabetes (T2D) and obesity status, higher serum fasting insulin and BMI, and lower serum HDL levels (P<5.32x10 <sup>-4</sup> ). <i>ACE2</i> expression levels were also associated with estimated proportions of cell types in adipose tissue; lower <i>ACE2</i> expression was associated with a lower proportion of microvascular endothelial cells (P=4.25x10 <sup>-4</sup> ) and higher macrophage proportion (P=2.74x10 <sup>-5</sup> ), suggesting a link to inflammation. Despite an estimated heritability of 32%, we did not identify any proximal or distal genetic variants (eQTLs) associated with adipose tissue <i>ACE2</i> expression. Our results demonstrate that at-risk individuals have lower background <i>ACE2</i> levels in this highly relevant tissue. Further studies will be required to establish how this may contribute to increased COVID-19 severity.
Large area scanning probe microscope in ultra-high vacuum demonstrated for electrostatic force measurements on high-voltage devices (2015)

We present Kelvin probe force microscopy (KPFM) measurements before and after sputtering of a copper alloy with chromium grains used as electrical contact surface in ultra-high power switches. In addition, we discuss KPFM measurements on cross sections of cleaved silicon carbide structures: a calibration layer sample and a power rectifier. To demonstrate the benefit of surface photo voltage measurements, we analysed the contact potential difference of a silicon carbide p/n-junction under illumination.
Fenfluramine Treatment Improves Everyday Executive Functioning in Patients with Lennox-Gastaut Syndrome: Analysis from a Phase 3 Clinical Trial (2021)

Background/Purpose: Fenfluramine reduced frequencies of drop seizures and generalized tonic-clonic seizures in a recent Lennox-Gastaut syndrome (LGS) RCT. Purpose was to determine whether fenfluramine improves everyday executive function in a randomized clinical trial (RCT) of LGS patients.