gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
On the Relationship Between the Signature of Close Electric Field and the Equivalent Corona Current in Lightning Return Stroke Models (2008)

<para xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> Engineering return stroke models can be categorized either as current generation (traveling current source type) models or current propagation (transmission line type) models. The current generation models are described among other parameters by a corona current distributed along the channel. Recent studies show that there is equivalence between the models of current generation and current propagation types. Due to this equivalence, any engineering return stroke model of current propagation type can be described in terms of an equivalent corona current per unit channel length. The measurements conducted within 10–500 m from triggered lightning flashes show that the electric field of subsequent return strokes at these distances flattens within 15 <formula formulatype="inline"><tex Notation="TeX">$\mu$</tex> </formula>s or so. In this paper, the constraints imposed by this feature on the temporal and spatial variation of the equivalent corona current are investigated. The results show that in order for the close fields to flatten within 15 <formula formulatype="inline"><tex Notation="TeX">$\mu$</tex></formula>s or so, the equivalent corona current, should be bipolar and the corona current wave shape at late times should be identical to that of the longitudinal current time derivative. This is in contrast to most of the engineering models of current generation type, in which the corona current is assumed to be unipolar. </para>
Aberration balancing using an image-sharpness metric (2019)

Image-sharpness metrics can be used to optimize optical systems and to control wavefront sensorless adaptive optics systems. We show that for an aberrated system, the numerical value of an image-sharpness metric can be improved by adding specific aberrations. The optimum amplitudes of the additional aberrations depend on the power spectral density of the spatial frequencies of the object.
Investigation into Application of Electrodischarge Machining as Steel Surface Modification Technique (1998)

The feasibility of surface hardfacing/alloying of tool steels using the EDM process has been studied. By this technique, material transfer from the tool electrode (made of sintered Fe–WC) to the steel substrate took place, leading to the formation of a surface alloyedlayer consisting of antiwear constituents (e.g. undissolved carbides). The parameters of the EDM process have been optimised and the microstructure and surface properties (roughness, microhardness, and wear resistance) of the treated material studied. Finally, the industrial potential of this technique is discussed.
ChemInform Abstract: TRANSMISSION OF POLAR SUBSTITUENT EFFECTS IN BICYCLOALKANE SYSTEMS. SYNTHESIS AND NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE STUDY (CARBON‐13 AND FLUORINE‐19) OF 4‐SUBSTITUTED BICYCLO(2.2.1)HEPT‐1‐YL FLUORIDES (1984)

Abstract 4‐Methoxy‐bicyclooctan‐oxo‐carbonsäure (I) liefert durch Abbau das Brom‐Derivat (II), das mit KOH zur Carbonsäure (III) reagiert.
METABOLISM OF ARACHIDONIC ACID IN THE AORTA OF SPONTANEOUSLY HYPERTENSIVE RATS (1982)

1. The metabolism of [14C]-arachidonic acid has been studied in isolated aortae from age-matched spontaneously hypertensive (SH) rats and their normotensive Wistar Kyoto (WK) controls. 2. High pressure liquid chromatography of extracts of the incubation mixture from both SH and WK rats revealed the presence of 6-oxo-prostaglandin F1 alpha, the hydration product of prostacyclin, and a single, broad peak of unknown metabolites. No thromboxane B2, or prostaglandins E2 of F2 alpha could be detected in aortic incubations. 3. The SH rats produced significantly more 6-oxo-prostaglandin F1 alpha than the WK rats, but there was no difference between the strains in the proportion of label appearing in the unknown peak of the chromatograms. 4. These data confirm that vascular tissue of SH rats has enhanced ability to transform arachidonic acid into prostacyclin. Induction of these enzymes may be an adaptive response to elevated blood pressure, but the mechanism of this effect has yet to be elucidated.
A Risk-Based Methodology For Assessing Economic Impacts From Oil Spills: A Screening Matrix Based On Habitat Features And Operational Context (2014)

Abstract Like any other industry, in the oil and gas business accidents always cost money and can adversely affect production cost. Blow Out events can be undoubtedly recognized as the most severe accident posed by exploration and production activities, and their hazardousness and severe consequences have been dramatically confirmed by the recent Macondo Disaster The new regulatory reviews of safety directives resulted from Macondo foresee that all operators will have to ensure they have access to sufficient physical, human and financial resources to minimize the impact of a major accident. In other words companies have to demonstrate to be aware of the nature and extent of the potential liabilities resulting from oil spills and provide evidence that all necessary provisions have already been or will be made, to cover them. However it is not always easy to estimate likelihood and costs associated to severe Oil spill contaminations since a number of variable enters this complex equation such as the geographical location, type of oil, complexity of operations (deep water drilling, HP HT, workover, etc), response capability, climatic conditions including extreme weather, sensitive areas of operations (arctic, sour) This paper presents a methodology to semi-quantitatively compare the Cost of the risk of Blow Out events in different parts of the world and from a range of facilities and operations, through a Screening matrix based on Habitat features and operational context (reported on one axis of the matrix and on the other respectively). The entries of the matrix at the intersection are estimated taking into account those factors that can affect the "final bill" of an oil spill as well as likelihood of occurrence of the event and the operative life of the plants. The blow out cost screening matrix could provide useful information to the operators and help to identify the greatest potential risk for Oil spills, compare assets and areas of operations, establish priorities for investments and allocate adequate resources for a timely and efficient oil spill response
P(i-PrNCH2CH2)3N as a Lewis Base Catalyst for the Synthesis of β-Hydroxynitriles Using TMSAN (2009)

Proazaphosphatrane 1a was found to be an efficient catalyst for synthesis of beta-hydroxynitriles via the reaction of trimethylsilylacetonitrile (TMSAN) with aldehydes under mild reaction conditions and typically low catalyst loading (ca. 2 mol %). A variety of functional groups were tolerated, and good to excellent product yields were obtained.
An Implemented System for Improving Promotion Productivity Using Store Scanner Data (1993)

“Single Source” databases based on scanner data offer new opportunities for evaluating promotions and improving their effectiveness. Decision support needs vary depending on the decision maker's organizational vantage point. Some managers require the evaluation of promotion results in the short term. Others should take a medium- to long-term focus. An implemented model and automated system for measuring short-term incremental volume due to promotions by developing baselines of store-level “normal” sales is presented using store-level scanner data. Empirical validation results and real life applications are presented and discussed, including the use of the baselines as measures of “brand health.”
Automatic tool path generation for multi-axis machining (1998)

Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, 1998.
Understanding Brand Consistency from Web Content (2019)

Brands produce content to engage with the audience continually and tend to maintain a set of human characteristics in their marketing campaigns. In this era of digital marketing, they need to create a lot of content to keep up the engagement with their audiences. However, such kind of content authoring at scale introduces challenges in maintaining consistency in a brand's messaging tone, which is very important from a brand's perspective to ensure a persistent impression for its customers and audiences. In this work, we quantify brand personality and formulate its linguistic features. We score text articles extracted from brand communications on five personality dimensions: sincerity, excitement, competence, ruggedness and sophistication, and show that a linear SVM model achieves a decent F1 score of $0.822$. The linear SVM allows us to annotate a large set of data points free of any annotation error. We utilize this huge annotated dataset to characterize the notion of brand consistency, which is maintaining a company's targeted brand personality across time and over different content categories; we make certain interesting observations. As per our knowledge, this is the first study which investigates brand personality from the company's official websites, and that formulates and analyzes the notion of brand consistency on such a large scale.
A Planar MICS Band Antenna Combined With a Body Channel Communication Electrode for Body Sensor Network (2009)

A 2.5 times 1.8 cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> medical implant communication service band antenna is combined with an electrode for body channel communication. The proposed design enables a body sensor network controller to communicate with health-care devices located on and inside a patient's body. The spiral microstrip antenna with its radiating body and ground plane placed side-by-side has the thickness of 2 mm and can be attached to human skin conveniently. The propagation loss of the body channel is measured when the proposed antenna is used as the skin interface for BCC in the 10-70-MHz band, and the results are compared with the cases of Ag/AgCl and circular dry electrodes. The equivalent-circuit model of the antenna as the electrode is also derived from the measured impedance characteristics. The <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">LC</i> resonance structure to drive the on-body antenna with its capacitance increased due to the skin contact reduces the power consumption of the TX buffer by >50%. The <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">S</i> <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">11</sub> -parameter of the on-body antenna, its radiation pattern, and the signal loss inside the human body are investigated.
Analytic Fourier-Feynman transforms via the series approximation (2019)

In this paper, we first establish an evaluation formula to calculate Wiener integrals of functionals on Wiener space. We then apply our evaluation formula to carry out very easily calculating for the analytic Fourier-Feynman transform of the functionals. Some examples are furnished to illustrate the usefulness of the evaluation formula. Finally, using the evaluation formula, we establish the series approximation for the analytic Fourier-Feynman transform.
Space-Time Models of Asynchronous CSMA Protocols for Local Area Networks (1987)

Carrier sense multiple-access (CSMA) protocols are widely used in local area networks (LAN's) to control access to a shared communications channel such as a coaxial cable or radio frequency band. CSMA protocols are designed to exploit the property that the signal propagation time across the LAN is much smaller than the packet transmission time. Consequently, their performance depends on the exact timing of a sequence of asynchronous events originating at different points in the network. Previous models of CSMA protocols have not captured this essential space-time characteristic. Instead, the system has been reduced to a 1-dimensional model (i.e., a sequence of events on a single time line) by assuming either that events are synchronous (i.e., "slotted" operation of the protocol) or that all stations are mutually equidistant (so it can be assumed that each station's time line is identical). The novelty in our work is to describe the system state in terms of an ( <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">N + 1</tex> )-dimensional "ribbon" of space-time, allowing us to faithfully model the exact timings of events for LAN's where the stations are distributed over a fully connected region in <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">N</tex> -space. For example, an Ethernet-like "bus" network can be viewed as a 1-dimensional LAN, a terrestrial packet radio network can be viewed as a 2dimensional LAN, and so on. First we highlight some of the key properties exhibited by such a model in the general case, including the notion of an embedded Markovian sequence of "idle points," and the decomposition of the space-time ribbon into cycles (each of which can be further decomposed into a number of "regions"). Then we present extensive results for the interesting special case of a 1-dimensional LAN, i.e., an Ethernet-like "bus" network. Our results show that previous models of bus LAN's can significantly underestimate their performance.
The application of electron/ion beam technology to microelectronics (1971)

The use of electron and ion beams in the field of microelectronics has grown rapidly over the past ten years. For example, fine-focused electron beams, which initially were employed in diagnostic tests on integrated circuits and semiconductor devices, now are being utilized in the laboratory for creating devices and circuits with resolutions considerably higher than the values achievable by photolithography, and ion beams are being employed in the production of integrated circuits. It is seen that the beam approach offers a number of advantages compared with contemporary techniques. This article describes some of the devices that can be fabricated with electron beams, thus indicating the state of the art, discusses the advantageous features of ion implantation doping, and points out the limitations on beam processes imposed by fundamental electron/ion optical effects.
On Direction of Arrival Estimation with 1-bit Quantizer (2019)

Designing and implementing analog front-end circuits is a complex problem and thus, is the cornerstone of any radar system design. We propose removing the gain control block, as well as reducing the complexity by introducing a 1-bit analog to digital converter (ADC) at the receiving path. Nevertheless, this nonlinear quantization operation distorts the signal in a way that does not preserves its Gaussianity, rendering the common Maximum Likelihood (ML) based Direction of Arrival (DOA) estimation methods non-optimal. We derive the ML optimal DOA estimator for the 1-bit ADC and propose suboptimal, yet, effective estimator to reduce the complexity of the ML estimator. We benchmark the performance of the proposed estimators derived in this paper against the derived Cramér-Rao lower bound and investigate the case of a known and unknown transmitted signals. We show that the proposed algorithms attain the bound under various conditions as well as outperform a naïve ML approach for the 1-bit ADC problem.
Low‐Profile Flexible UHF RFID Tag Design for Wristbands Applications (2018)

In this study, a low‐profile ultrahigh frequency (UHF) radio‐frequency identification (RFID) tag antenna designed for wristbands in healthcare applications is proposed. The radiator is based on the open‐slot cavity technique that is composed of a slotted patch (double‐T slots) loaded onto a flexible open cavity. The proposed slotted design can easily allow the tag’s input impedance to be tuned to the complex impedance of typical UHF RFID chips. The proposed tag antenna has a size of 86 mm × 25 mm × 1.6 mm (0.26 λ 0 × 0.07 λ 0 × 0.004 λ 0 ) at 915 MHz, and it can yield a maximum reading range of 8 m (stand alone in free‐space condition), 6.6 m (when placed on the human wrist in free‐space condition), and up to 3 m (when placed on the human wrist in a crowded condition).
Regional variations in longitudinal pulmonary function: A comparison of Hispanic and non‐Hispanic subjects with cystic fibrosis in the United States (2019)

In CF, Hispanic subjects have lower pulmonary function than non-Hispanic white subjects in all geographic regions with the largest difference in occurring in the West.
Quality of Lettuce as Affected by Refrigeration and Controlled Atmosphere Systems During Transportation (1970)

Abstract : A shipping test from Oakland, California to Japan was conducted to determine the effect of a low oxygen controlled atmosphere system (Oxytrol) as well as a new refrigeration system (Cooltainer) on the shelf life of lettuce shipped to military organizations overseas. The Oxytrol system is a complete, self-contained atmosphere control system designed to be used as an adjunct to normal refrigeration equipment in conventional transport vehicles. Results indicated that lettuce shipped under the low oxygen controlled atmosphere system (oxygen level ranged from 2.2 to 4 percent) gave significantly higher edible yields than lettuce shipped in conventional or Cooltainer vans regardless of the packaging (wrapping versus no wrapping) and packing (wirebound wooden boxes versus cardboard wax impregnated boxes). All wrapped lettuce exhibited significantly higher edible yields than unwrapped lettuce regardless of packing and shipping vans. However, no significant difference was shown between lettuce packed in wirebound wooden boxes and that packed in cardboard wax impregnated boxes regardless of the shipping vans.
Persistence of Space Radiation-Induced Cytogenetic Damage in the Blood Lymphocytes of Astronauts and the Effects of Repeat Long Duration Space Missions (2009)

The yield of chromosome damage in astronauts blood lymphocytes has been shown to increase after long duration space missions of a few months or more. This provides a useful in vivo measurement of space radiation induced damage that takes into account individual radiosensitivity and considers the influence of microgravity and other stress conditions. We present our latest follow-up analyses of chromosome damage in astronauts blood lymphocytes assessed by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) chromosome painting and collected at various times, from directly after return from space to several years after flight. For most individuals the analysis of individual time-courses for translocations revealed a temporal decline of yields with different half-lives. Dose was derived from frequencies of chromosome exchanges using preflight calibration curves, and estimates derived from samples collected a few days after return to earth lie within the range expected from physical dosimetry. However, a temporal decline in yields may indicate complications with the use of stable aberrations for retrospective dose reconstruction, and the differences in the decay time may reflect individual variability in risk from space radiation exposure. Limited data on three individuals who have participated in repeat long duration space flights indicates a lack of correlation between time in space and translocation yields, and show a possible adaptive response to space radiation exposure.
Non-competitive resource exploitation within mosquito shapes within-host malaria infectivity and virulence (2018)

Abstract Malaria is a fatal human parasitic disease transmitted by a mosquito vector. Although the evolution of within-host malaria virulence has been the focus of many theoretical and empirical studies, the vector’s contribution to this process is not well understood. Here, we explore how within-vector resource exploitation would impact the evolution of within-host Plasmodium virulence. By combining within-vector dynamics and malaria epidemiology, we develop a mathematical model, which predicts that non-competitive parasitic resource exploitation within-vector restricts within-host parasite virulence. To validate our model, we experimentally manipulate mosquito lipid trafficking and gauge within-vector parasite development and within-host infectivity and virulence. We find that mosquito-derived lipids determine within-host parasite virulence by shaping development (quantity) and metabolic activity (quality) of transmissible sporozoites. Our findings uncover the potential impact of within-vector environment and vector control strategies on the evolution of malaria virulence.
Coherence Multiplex System Topologies (2007)

Coherence multiplexing is a potentially inexpensive form of optical code-division multiple access, which is particularly suitable for short-range applications with moderate bandwidth requirements, such as access networks, LANs, or interconnects. Various topologies are known for constructing an optical transmission system in which several channels are coherence-multiplexed in one optical fiber. In this paper, the parallel array, the intrinsic reference ladder (IRL), and the discontinuous series system topologies will be further considered and compared with respect to code orthogonality requirements, theoretical performance, and some practical implementation aspects. A modification to the IRL system is proposed, resulting in a significant improvement in the theoretical performance.
Effects of major coronary artery stenosis on the pressure-flow relationship of an adjacent intact coronary artery branch in isolated supported canine left ventricle. (1986)

We investigated whether the relationship between the mean left anterior descending and septal coronary blood flow and the mean perfusion pressure varies with left circumflex coronary stenosis. We used excised, perfused canine heart preparations (n = 10), in which variables to influence the myocardial oxygen demand and supply relation can be fairly well controlled. The results showed that coronary blood flow in the adjacent, non-stenosed coronary artery increased significantly following LCX stenosis; this increased flow was found at the same values of heart rate, left ventricular end-diastolic pressure and perfusion pressure, as those in the preischemic state. Moreover, this increased flow was also observed when the values of peak left ventricular pressure and pressure-length loop area were similar between the pre-ischemic and ischemic states. Thus, contributions of neurohumoral factors or alterations in mechanical factors determining the myocardial oxygen demand and supply relation are negligible. This increased flow may be important in maintaining overall cardiac function in cases of acute coronary stenosis or coronary occlusion.
The nanomorphology of cell surfaces of adhered osteoblasts (2020)

Functionality of living cells is inherently linked to subunits with dimensions on the nanoscale. In case of osteoblasts the cell surface plays a particularly important role for adhesion and spreading which are crucial properties with regard to bone implants. Here we present a comprehensive characterization of the 3D nanomorphology of living as well as fixed osteoblastic cells using scanning ion conductance microscopy (SICM) which is a nanoprobing method largely avoiding forces. Dynamic ruffles are observed, manifesting themselves in characteristic membrane protrusions. They contribute to the overall surface corrugation which we systematically study by introducing the relative 3D excess area as a function of projected adhesion area. A clear anticorrelation is found upon analysis of ~40 different cells on glass as well as on amine covered surfaces. At the rim of lamellipodia characteristic edge heights between 100 nm and ~300 nm are observed. Power spectral densities of membrane fluctuations show frequency-dependent decay exponents in excess of -2 on living osteoblasts. We discuss the capability of apical membrane features and fluctuation dynamics in aiding assessment of adhesion and migration properties on a single-cell basis.