gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Donor Assistance for Investment Climate Reforms and for Direct Support to Firms: An Overview of Available Data (2004)

An investment climate consists of the location specific factors that shape opportunities and incentives for firms to invest productively, create jobs and expand their businesses. Government policies related to security of property, regulation, taxation, infrastructure, finance, labor and governance play a critical role in the investment climate by affecting the costs, risks and barriers to competition faced by firms. Bilateral donors and multilateral agencies have helped many developing countries with investment climate reforms through policy-based support, technical assistance and development assistance to fund investment in infrastructure. This paper presents data on support provided between 1998 and 2002 for investment climate reforms.
Figure S7 from The Goldilocks Window of Personalized Chemotherapy: Getting the Immune Response Just Right (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Expanded model parameter analysis for effector cell death rates. Higher death rates lead to Goldilocks Window reduction and worse treatment outcomes.&lt;/p&gt;
Use of BACTEC radiometric culture method and polymerase chain reaction for the rapid screening of faeces and tissues for Mycobacterium paratuberculosis (1995)

The BACTEC radiometric culture method for detection of Mycobacterium paratuberculosis was evaluated on faeces from cattle on a farm in quarantine for Johne's disease. A multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) based on the IS900 sequence specific for M paratuberculosis and a genus specific 16S rRNA region was developed and used to test cultures showing evidence of mycobacterial growth in the BACTEC liquid radiometric culture medium. Using the BACTEC-PCR combination, confirmation of M paratuberculosis from faeces and tissue of clinically affected animals was achieved within 2 to 4 weeks and 1 week, respectively, a substantial improvement on traditional culture and identification methods. The PCR provided rapid exclusion of M paratuberculosis when other Mycobacterium spp were grown. The radiometric culture medium proved to be very sensitive for culturing Mycobacterium spp.
Comparative Genomic Characterization of Francisella tularensis Strains Belonging to Low and High Virulence Subspecies (2009)

Tularemia is a geographically widespread, severely debilitating, and occasionally lethal disease in humans. It is caused by infection by a gram-negative bacterium, Francisella tularensis. In order to better understand its potency as an etiological agent as well as its potential as a biological weapon, we have completed draft assemblies and report the first complete genomic characterization of five strains belonging to the following different Francisella subspecies (subsp.): the F. tularensis subsp. tularensis FSC033, F. tularensis subsp. holarctica FSC257 and FSC022, and F. tularensis subsp. novicida GA99-3548 and GA99-3549 strains. Here, we report the sequencing of these strains and comparative genomic analysis with recently available public Francisella sequences, including the rare F. tularensis subsp. mediasiatica FSC147 strain isolate from the Central Asian Region. We report evidence for the occurrence of large-scale rearrangement events in strains of the holarctica subspecies, supporting previous proposals that further phylogenetic subdivisions of the Type B clade are likely. We also find a significant enrichment of disrupted or absent ORFs proximal to predicted breakpoints in the FSC022 strain, including a genetic component of the Type I restriction-modification defense system. Many of the pseudogenes identified are also disrupted in the closely related rarely human pathogenic F. tularensis subsp. mediasiatica FSC147 strain, including modulator of drug activity B (mdaB) (FTT0961), which encodes a known NADPH quinone reductase involved in oxidative stress resistance. We have also identified genes exhibiting sequence similarity to effectors of the Type III (T3SS) and components of the Type IV secretion systems (T4SS). One of the genes, msrA2 (FTT1797c), is disrupted in F. tularensis subsp. mediasiatica and has recently been shown to mediate bacterial pathogen survival in host organisms. Our findings suggest that in addition to the duplication of the Francisella Pathogenicity Island, and acquisition of individual loci, adaptation by gene loss in the more recently emerged tularensis, holarctica, and mediasiatica subspecies occurred and was distinct from evolutionary events that differentiated these subspecies, and the novicida subspecies, from a common ancestor. Our findings are applicable to future studies focused on variations in Francisella subspecies pathogenesis, and of broader interest to studies of genomic pathoadaptation in bacteria.
Spectral self-imaging of time-periodic coherent frequency combs by parabolic cross-phase modulation (2013)

Spectral self-imaging effects are induced on infinite-duration periodic frequency combs using cross-phase modulation with a parabolic pulse train. Free-spectral-range tuning or wavelength-shifting can be achieved by changing the parabolic pulse peak power or repetition rate.
Clonal immunoglobulin light chain variable region germline gene use in AL amyloidosis: association with dominant amyloid‐related organ involvement and survival after stem cell transplantation (1999)

AL (primary or immunoglobulin light chain) amyloidosis (AL) differs from myeloma per se in that tissue deposits of amyloid are found, typically in association with small numbers of clonal plasma cells producing λ light chains, and also in that AL patients typically present with a predominantly dysfunctional organ‐system. This constellation of features — fibrillar deposits comprised of light chains, λ light chain predominance, and organ‐system tropism and dysfunction — remains unexplained. Select patients with AL respond to haemopoietic stem cell transplantation (SCT) with clinical improvement and extended survival, particularly those who do not have cardiac involvement. In order to ascertain whether the organ‐system tropism of AL was associated with immunoglublin light chain variable region (Ig V L ) germline gene utilization, we attempted to clone, sequence and assign germline donors to the clonal Ig V L genes of 62 AL patients, all of whom were treated with SCT. We succeeded in 39 cases, identifying clonal AL genes derived from donors of the λI ( n = 10), λII ( n = 5), λIII ( n = 6), λVI ( n = 11) and KI ( n = 7) subtypes. The majority of the donors ( IGLV6S1, DPL5, DPL2, DPL23 and LFVK431 ) were genes that appear in the expressed repertoire &lt;5% of the time, suggesting an intrinsic propensity to form amyloid under certain conditions. Patients whose clones derived from the λVI IGLV6S1 donor uniformly presented with dominant renal involvement while those with other V λ or unknown donors often had dominant cardiac or other organ involvement, particularly patients whose clones derived from the λI DPL2 donor. In addition, both early (&lt;3 months) and overall post‐SCT survival were significantly better in λVI IGLV6S1 patients compared to patients with other V λ donors. These findings indicate that there are important associations in AL amyloidosis among Ig V L gene utilization, organ‐system tropism and post‐SCT survival.
lontophoretic Assistance of 5-lodo-2'-Deoxyuridine Penetration into Neonatal Mouse Skin and Effects on DNA Synthesis (1977)

These experiments indicate that iontophoresis of IdUrd into neonatal mouse skin may be as effective as ip administration in blocking TdR metabolism including its incorporation into DNA of the skin. Also, IdUrd appeared to be incorporated into DNA. These results suggest that antiviral chemotherapy in surface tissues may be better accomplished by using ionto-phoretic assistance of penetration since the drug is delivered specifically at the desired site and the overall dose to the animal is small compared to systemic administration. We would expect that the drug which is administered by iontophoresis would probably act similarly on active virus-producing cells to prevent viral multiplication.
Parallel Recording Array Head of Nano-Aperture Flat-Tip Probes for High-Density Near-Field Optical Data Storage (2001)

Increasing the memory capacity and data transfer rate of optical data storage to match the market requirements is now a challenging task. To realize a more effective and simple memory system, a parallel near-field optical system has been proposed using vertical cavity surface emitting laser (VCSEL) microprobe array heads. The concept, structure and fabrication process of new flat-tip microprobe arrays have been discussed and realized by the preparation of a silicon probe array in this research. Flat-tip probes are advantageous for improving optical properties since they are prepared from materials of high refractive index and the array shows good structural design for the contact head system with good uniformity of the probe height. We have successfully prepared Si nano-aperture probe arrays with the aperture size of 150 to 500 nm using microfabrication techniques, including photolithography, wet chemical etching, and a newly developed aperture formation process which uses a SiO 2 mask layer. The microstructural observation of Si flat-tip probe arrays is in good agreement with our design concepts and supports the strong possibility of their application to actual recording heads. We are now developing a monolithic nano-aperture VCSEL probe to complete our parallel near-field optical system with high memory capacity and fast transfer rates in the near future.
Acute myeloid leukemia: Treatment and research outlook for 2021 and the MD Anderson approach (2021)

The unraveling of the pathophysiology of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) has resulted in rapid translation of the information into clinical practice. After more than 40 years of slow progress in AML research, the US Food and Drug Administration has approved nine agents for different AML treatment indications since 2017. In this review, we detail the progress that has been made in the research and treatment of AML, citing key publications related to AML research and therapy in the English literature since 2000. The notable subsets of AML include acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL), core-binding factor AML (CBF-AML), AML in younger patients fit for intensive chemotherapy, and AML in older/unfit patients (usually at the age cutoff of 60-70 years). We also consider within each subset whether the AML is primary or secondary (therapy-related, evolving from untreated or treated myelodysplastic syndrome or myeloproliferative neoplasm). In APL, therapy with all-trans retinoic acid and arsenic trioxide results in estimated 10-year survival rates of ≥80%. Treatment of CBF-AML with fludarabine, high-dose cytarabine, and gemtuzumab ozogamicin (GO) results in estimated 10-year survival rates of ≥75%. In younger/fit patients, the "3+7" regimen (3 days of daunorubicin + 7 days of cytarabine) produces less favorable results (estimated 5-year survival rates of 35%; worse in real-world experience); regimens that incorporate high-dose cytarabine, adenosine nucleoside analogs, and GO are producing better results. Adding venetoclax, FLT3, and IDH inhibitors into these regimens has resulted in encouraging preliminary data. In older/unfit patients, low-intensity therapy with hypomethylating agents (HMAs) and venetoclax is now the new standard of care. Better low-intensity regimens incorporating cladribine, low-dose cytarabine, and other targeted therapies (FLT3 and IDH inhibitors) are emerging. Maintenance therapy now has a definite role in the treatment of AML, and oral HMAs with potential treatment benefits are also available. In conclusion, AML therapy is evolving rapidly and treatment results are improving in all AML subsets as novel agents and strategies are incorporated into traditional AML chemotherapy. LAY SUMMARY: Ongoing research in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is progressing rapidly. Since 2017, the US Food and Drug Administration has approved 10 drugs for different AML indications. This review updates the research and treatment pathways for AML.
Variation in egg yolk cholesterol concentration between and within breeds of the domestic fowl (1992)

1. The pattern of variation for egg yolk cholesterol concentration between 5 commercial egg layer lines and a cross of Gallus domesticus is described. 2. Yolk cholesterol concentration in the cross was lower than in the lines, and 6.7% lower than the midparent value. 3. It is proposed that the reduced yolk cholesterol concentration of the cross may be a consequence of heterosis, although sex-linkage and/or maternal effects cannot be discounted. 4. The difference between the cross and parental lines is consistent with a physiological relationship between yolk cholesterol concentration and rate of egg production, but not between yolk cholesterol concentration and yolk weight.
Cutaneous T-cell lymphomas with pathogenic somatic mutations and absence of detectable clonal T-cell receptor gene rearrangement: two case reports (2020)

These cases highlight how detection of pathogenic somatic mutations can confirm a diagnosis of lymphoma in a clinically and histopathologically suspicious cutaneous lymphoid proliferation without detectable TCR clonality.
How many copies are needed for gate discrimination (2013)

We address the problem of finding the minimum number of queries needed to perfectly identify an unknown gate within a finite set of alternatives. We provide a series of upper and lower bounds, by establishing a connection with the task of unambiguous discrimination, where one does not tolerate errors but allows for an inconclusive result. Our bounds show that the minimum number of queries needed for perfect discrimination is significantly smaller than the number required by the best known strategy based on pairwise tests.
High resolution detection of chromosome abnormalities with single copy fluorescence in situ hybridization (2005)

Precise delineation of rearranged chromosomes in genetic diseases and cancer by fluorescence in situ hybridization can identify the primary etiologies of these disorders. We present a novel approach for defining these abnormalities based on sequential fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) of arrays of single copy genomic probes. These arrays consist of sequence-defined synthetic DNA products that can be produced at significantly higher genomic densities than recombinant probes used in conventional FISH. Single copy FISH (scFISH) probes are 50-100 fold shorter than those used for conventional FISH. With scFISH, chromosome abnormalities can be determined at a resolution equivalent to molecular genetic approaches such as Southern analysis. We show how line minimization and bracketing techniques can be used to select probes to optimize strategies for translocation breakpoint determination.
Semantic multicast (1999)

We introduce the concept of semantic multicast to implement a large-scale shared interaction infrastructure providing mechanisms for collecting, indexing, and disseminating the information produced in collaborative sessions. This infrastructure captures the interactions between users (as video, text, audio and other data streams) and promotes a philosophy of filtering, archiving, and correlating collaborative sessions in user and context sensitive groupings. The semantic multicast service efficiently disseminates relevant information to every user engaged in the collaborative session, making the aggregated streams of the collaborative session available to the correct users at the right amount of detail. This contextual focus is accomplished by introducing proxy servers to gather, annotate, and filter the streams appropriate for specific interest groups. Users are subscribed to appropriate proxies, based on their profiles, and the collaborative session becomes a multi-level multicast of data from sources through proxies and to user interest groups.
Neuron-intrinsic NF-κB Signaling Mediates Reovirus Virulence (2020)

ABSTRACT Pathological effects of apoptosis associated with viral infections of the central nervous system are an important cause of morbidity and mortality. Reovirus is a neurotropic virus that causes apoptosis in neurons, leading to lethal encephalitis in newborn mice. Reovirus-induced encephalitis is diminished in mice with germline ablation of NF-κB subunit p50. It is not known whether the pro-apoptotic function of NF-κB is mediated by neuron-intrinsic processes, NF-κB-regulated cytokine production by inflammatory cells, or a combination of both. To determine the contribution of cell type-specific NF-κB signaling in reovirus-induced neuronal injury, we established mice that lack NF-κB p65 expression in neurons using the Cre/loxP recombination system. Following intracranial inoculation of reovirus, 50% of wild-type (WT) mice succumbed to infection, whereas more than 90% of mice lacking neural NF-κB p65 (Nsp65 −/− ) mice survived. While viral loads in brains of WT and Nsp65 −/− were comparable, histological analysis revealed that reovirus antigen-positive areas in the brain of WT mice displayed enhanced cleaved caspase-3 immunoreactivity, a marker of apoptosis, compared with Nsp65 −/− mice. These data suggest that neuron-intrinsic NF-κB-dependent factors are essential mediators of reovirus neurovirulence. RNA sequencing analysis of reovirus-infected cortices of WT and Nsp65 −/− mice suggests that NF-κB activation in neurons upregulates genes involved in innate immunity, inflammation, and cell death following reovirus infection. A better understanding of the contribution of cell type-specific NF-κB-dependent signaling to viral neuropathogenesis could inform development of new therapeutics that target and protect highly vulnerable cell populations
Estrogen receptor characterization in a transplantable mouse mammary tumor. (1977)

Summary The estrogen receptor was characterized in a new transplantable mammary tumor line (MXT) which was induced by urethan treatment in C57BL × DBAf F1 mice. The tumor is a ductal papillary carcinoma that is ovarian dependent. Treatment of ovariectomized mice with estradiol benzoate results in rapid growth of the tumor. Cytoplasmic and nuclearbound estrogen receptors were measured by the charcoal adsorption exchange assay and by the [3H]estradiol exchange assay, respectively. Tumor cytosol contained relatively large quantities of receptors, 8 to 9 fmoles/mg wet weight, which were depleted from the cytoplasmic compartment after an injection of 2 µg of estradiol. This depletion was accompanied by concomitant and stoichiometric accumulation of receptors by the nuclear fraction. Thus an apparent cytoplasmic-to-nuclear translocation was demonstrated. The affinity of both cytoplasmic and nuclear receptors was similar to that reported by others (∼ 1 nm). Receptor binding was specific for estrogens, and other steroids showed no competitive inhibition at concentrations up to 10−7m. These results demonstrate that this tumor line contains relatively large quantities of estrogen receptors that are similar to those found in normal tissue. This finding in a tumor that is transplantable makes it an ideal model system for the study of growth control by estrogens in neoplastic tissue.
Dynamic Along‐Wind Response of Buildings: Comparative Study (1993)

This paper presents a comparative study of current methods for the calculation of along‐wind response of buildings. The methods used in the analysis are based on the National Building Code of Canada, the American National Standard ASCE 7‐88, and the state‐of‐the‐art procedures devised independently by Solari and Simiu. The last version of the method proposed by Engineering Science Data Unit has also been considered. Eight buildings were analyzed. Five buildings were examined in parametric study, whereas the responses of the other three buildings were compared with published experimental data. Satisfactory agreement between the methods has been found for calculated forces and mean displacements of the buildings considered. However, discrepancies in the resonant component of displacements and accelerations have been found. These have mainly been attributed to the different wind velocity spectra, pressure correlation functions, and the mode shapes assumed in the calculations. Uncertainty associated with the measured values has also been considered. The Solari and NBS revised methods show consistency for all computed quantities.
Ultraviolet resonance Raman studies of N-methylacetamide (1985)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTUltraviolet resonance Raman studies of N-methylacetamideL. C. Mayne, L. D. Ziegler, and B. HudsonCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1985, 89, 15, 3395–3398Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1985Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1985https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100261a047https://doi.org/10.1021/j100261a047research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views224Altmetric-Citations50LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
DEVELOPMENT OF THE VETERANS AFFAIRS (VA) LOW VISION (LV) VISION FUNCTIONING QUESTIONNAIRE (VFQ) TO MEASURE LOW VISION OUTCOMES. (2001)

Monday, December 10, 2001. Posters: Academy Information, Public Health, Ocular Disease, Low Vision, Cornea and Contact Lenses: PDF Only
The impact of comorbidity burden on the cardiovascular risk in the Peripheral Arteriopathy and Cardiovascular Events study (2008)

Our findings indicate that overall comorbidity, and not only cardiovascular comorbidity, must be considered for prediction of myocardial infarction and stroke in PAD.
Least squares surface reconstruction from measured gradient fields (2008)

This paper presents a new method for the reconstruction of a surface from its x and y gradient field, measured, for example, via Photometric Stereo. The new algorithm produces the unique discrete surface whose gradients are equal to the measured gradients in the global vertical-distance least-squares sense. We show that it has been erroneously believed that this problem has been solved before via the solution of a Poisson equation. The numerical behaviour of the algorithm allows for reliable surface reconstruction on exceedingly large scales, e.g., full digital images; moreover, the algorithm is direct, i.e., non-iterative. We demonstrate the algorithm with synthetic data as well as real data obtained via photometric stereo. The algorithm does not exhibit a low-frequency bias and is not unrealistically constrained to arbitrary boundary conditions as in previous solutions. In fact, it is the first algorithm which can reconstruct a surface of polynomial degree two or higher exactly. It is hence the first viable algorithm for online industrial inspection where real defects (as opposed to phantom defects) must be identified in a robust manner.