gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Relating Formulation Variables to in Vitro Dissolution Using an Artificial Neural Network (1997)

The purpose of this paper was to investigate the effect of several experimental variables on the ability of a neural network to predict in vitro dissolution rate as a function of product formulation changes. Neural network software was trained with sets of hypothetical and experimental data consisting of 4-15 formulations with known in vitro drug dissolution profiles and the ability of the trained model to recognize patterns was validated against similar formations not used to train the neural network. The effect of selected variables, e.g., number of hidden-layer nodes and iterations, as well as the use of replicate or mean data on the accuracy of the predictions was investigated. The importance of optimizing the number of hidden-layer nodes and iterations was demonstrated. The prediction error increased for validation data sets that were outside the range of the training data set. Accurate predictions were obtained with as few as four formulations in the training set, provided the formulations were carefully chosen, and the number of formulation variables were small. Also, limiting the validation set to one formulation was not sufficient to validate the neural network model. Increasing the size of the training set, or replication of the input and output data, also provided more accurate predictions. The neural network accurately predicted in vitro drug release provided the neural network variables were optimized, and the training and validation data sets were appropriately selected.
Involvement of mitochondrial proteins in yeast apoptosis (2008)

and Dr Nadine Camougrand who gave me the possibility to work in their group in Bordeaux.Thanks for sharing scientific knowledge and expertise in the mitochondrial field.I greatly benefited from this collaboration.I also want to thank everyone in the lab in Bordeaux
Molecular Nutrition Study for Inorganic Phosphate Metabolism (2011)

リンは生体に広く分布しており, 細胞内シグナル伝達, エネルギー代謝, 核酸合成および酸-塩基などに関与している。リン代謝調節機構は, その破綻が低リン血症や高リン血症から生じる病態によって明白なように生命維持に必須である。低リン血症はクル病および骨軟化症を引き起こす。一方で, 高リン血症は心血管疾患に深く関与している。血中リン濃度維持の中心臓器は腎臓であり, また腸管および骨の三つの臓器が協調してリン代謝を制御している。生体には3種類のナトリウム依存性リントランスポーター (SLC17, SLC20, SLC34) が, 腎臓に発現している。我々は, これらリントランスポーターの同定や機能解析, またノックアウトマウスを作製して, その役割を明らかにした。一方で, 低リン血症や高リン血症を示す疾患の解析から, 新しいリン代謝系 (FGF23/klotho) が明らかにされた。 FGF23/klothoの発見は, 慢性腎臓病に伴うリン代謝異常の病態を理解する上で重要な知見をもたらした。また, 早期慢性腎臓病における心血管障害と食餌性リン負荷との関係も明らかにされつつある。本総説では, 我々の知見をもとに, リントランスポーターの役割と新しいリン代謝系の発見について, 最近の進歩を概説した。
Growth, yield and yield components of dry bean as influenced by phosphorus in a tropical acid soil (2016)

Phosphorus (P) deficiency is one of the most yield limiting factors for dry bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) production in tropical acid soils. Dry beans are invariably grown as mono-crops or as inter-crops under the perennial tropical crops. Information is limited regarding the influence of phosphorus fertilization on dry bean yield and yield components and P use efficiency in tropical acid soils. A greenhouse experiment was conducted to evaluate the influence of phosphorus fertilization on dry bean growth, yield and yield components and P uptake parameters. Phosphorus rates used were 0, 50, 100, 150, 200, and 250 mg P kg−1 of soil. Soil used in the experiment was an acidic Inceptisol. Grain yield, shoot dry weight, number of pods, and 100 grain weight were significantly (P < 0.01) increased with phosphorus fertilization. Maximum grain yield, shoot dry matter, number of pods, and 100 grain weight were obtained with the application of 165, 216, 162, and 160 mg P kg−1 of soil, respectively, as calculated by regression equations. Grain yield was significantly and positively associated with shoot dry weight, number of pods, P concentration in grain and total uptake of P in shoot and grain. Phosphorus use efficiency defined in several ways, decreased with increasing P rates from 50 to 250 mg P kg−1 of soil. Maximum grain yield was obtained at 82 mg kg−1 of Mehlich 1 extractable soil P. Results suggest that dry bean yield in Brazilian Inceptisols could be significantly increased with the use of adequate rates of phosphorus fertilization.
Development and Validation of a Semiquantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire to Assess Dietary Intake in 40–65-Year-Old Mexican Women (2020)

The designed 136-item FFQ shows acceptable validity and reproducibility, and it is useful to be applied on 40-65-year-old Mexican women for the estimation of nutrient intakes in epidemiological studies.
Dual-Modality Imaging of Prostate Cancer with a Fluorescent and Radiogallium-Labeled Gastrin-Releasing Peptide Receptor Antagonist (2016)

<sup>68</sup>Ga-HZ220 is a promising bimodal ligand for noninvasive PET imaging and intraoperative optical imaging of GRPr-expressing malignancies. Bimodal nuclear/fluorescence imaging may not only improve cancer detection and guide surgical resections, but also improve our understanding of the uptake of GRPr ligands on the cellular level.
Anti-cancer action of metal complexes: electron transfer and oxidative stress? (1988)

Evidence is presented in support of an electron transfer mechanism for various metal complexes possessing anti-neoplastic properties. Cyclic voltammetry was performed on several metallocenes, bis(acetato)bis(imidazole)Cu(II), and coordination compounds (Cu or Fe) of the antitumor agents, bipyridine, phenanthroline, hydroxyurea, diethyldithiocarbamate, and alpha, alpha'-bis(8-hydroxyquinolin-7-yl)-4-methoxytoluene. The favorable reduction potentials ranged from +0.5 to -0.5 Electrochemical behavior is correlated in some cases with structure and physiological activity. Relevant literature data are discussed.
Guidelines for radiologically guided lung biopsy (2003)

N Operators should audit their own practice and calculate their complication rates to inform patients before consent is given.
Ion-implanted bubble circuit function design (1981)

New transfer designs for 8-μm period bubble memory devices based on ion-implanted propagation patterns are reported. Also, replication in such devices is discussed for the first time. Characterizations are given in the form of plots of bias field versus pulse parameters. These characterizations were obtained on a minicomputer controlled wafer-probe test set. All results reported here were obtained at 40°C. The transfer-in gate transfers bubbles from the high points of a "roof-topped" major line to a standard minor loop turn. The current pulse through the hairpin gates holds the bubbles for approximately one-half of a rotating field cycle, until the ends of the minor loops become attractive. With a drive field of 40 Oe and transfer current of 55 mA, a bias field range of 20 Oe has been achieved with this design. Double transfer at the read line consists of transfer-out to major line cusps followed by a second "invert" pulse to transfer the bubbles on through the unimplanted region to a second roof-topped path. The data order, on the roof-topped side after the invert pulse, is that originally present on the write line. With 40-Oe rotating field, 20 Oe of bias field operating range was obtained for transfer-out with 70 mA of current. The invert-transfer function was achieved with 18 Oe of bias field operating range, using 85 mA of current. Up to 16 Oe margin range was obtained for the invert-replication function in the same gate, but with the current increased to 100 mA. The overlap for transfer-in, transfer-out, and invert-transfer was at least 12 Oe for drive fields between 38 to 50 Oe. A bidirectional transfer gate action was achieved by pulsing a conductor to trap bubbles in 3-μm spaces between the ends of the minor loops and similar bulges incorporated into the major loop propagate path. With currents as low as 35 mA, the gate transferred bubbles in both directions over the bias range common to the minor and major loops, which was 20 Oe with a 40-Oe rotating field.
Synchronization and Reactive Current Support of PMSG-Based Wind Farm During Severe Grid Fault (2018)

Grid codes require wind farm to remain on-grid and inject specific reactive current when grid fault occurs. To satisfy the requirements, reactive power devices, such as the static synchronous compensator (STATCOM), are usually used in modern wind farms. In order to produce reactive currents, the wind energy generation system (WECS) and the STATCOM are normally controlled with the phase-locked loop (PLL) oriented vector control methods. Due to the active power imbalance between the generation and consumption, the wind farm has the risk of losing synchronization with the grid under severe fault conditions. This paper analyzes the dynamic synchronization mechanism and stability criteria of the wind farm and proposes a coordinated current control scheme for the WECS and the STATCOM during severe grid-fault period. The synchronization stability of both the WECS and the STATCOM is remained by the active power balancing control of the wind farm. The control objectives of the generator- and grid-side converters for the WECS are swapped to avoid the interaction between the dc-link voltage control loop and the synchronization loop. The synchronized STATCOM produces additional reactive currents to help the wind farm meet the requirements of the grid code. Effectiveness of the theoretical analyses and the proposed control method is verified by simulations.
MAC protocols and transport capacity in ad hoc wireless networks: aloha versus PR-CSMA (2004)

Ad hoc wireless networks represent a new communication paradigm and could be an important means of providing ubiquitous communication in the future. Based on a recently developed communication-theoretic framework, in which the interaction between the medium access control (MAC) layer and the physical layer is taken into account, we investigate the performance of circuit switched ad hoc wireless networks. Upon the introduction of the concept of effective transport capacity, which represents the "actual" rate-distance product carried by the network and the maximum of which is the transport capacity of the network, an intuitive and simple approach for the evaluation of this quantity is proposed. In particular, two MAC protocols are considered: Aloha and perroute carrier sense multiple access (PR-CSMA). Numerical results indicate that for low values of the network traffic load the effective transport capacity achievable with Aloha is almost equal to that obtained in the ideal case without internode interference (INI). We also show the existence of a threshold value of the traffic load below which Aloha outperforms PR-CSMA, and above which the opposite is true.
Multispectral optics designs using expanded glass map (2014)

We report new materials that transmit from 0.9 to &gt; 14 &mu;m in wavelength and fill up the glass map for multispectral optics having refractive index from 2.38 to 3.17. They show a large spread in dispersion (Abbe number) and offer some unique solutions for multispectral optics designs. The new IR glasses can be easily molded and also fused together to make bonded doublets. We present the benefits of these new materials through dual-band optics designs and compare to designs using currently available crystalline materials.
Tea tree oil inhalations modify immunity in mice (2005)

Tea tree oil (TTO) is well known as an anti-microbial and immunomodulatory agent and the latter property was examined in this study. Male, C57BI10 x CBA/H (F1), mice were exposed to TTO vapour three times a day, for one week. During this period, half of the mice also received naltrexone (endogenous opioid receptor antagonist) in their drinking water. A day before the end of the TTO inhalation treatment a number of the mice were intra-peritoneally injected with Zymosan or PBS. Spleens and peritoneal exudates were collected 24 h after the injections. Cultured splenocytes were used in in vitro proliferation assays with PHA, and LPS mitogens and peritoneal leukocytes (PTLs) were used for cytofluorimetric ROS level measurement.The results obtained confirmed the anti-inflammatory properties of TTO, expressed as an inhibition of the increase in the PTL number stimulated by Zymosan. This effect was reversed by naltrexone, suggesting that TTO acts via the endogenous opioid system. TTO also stopped the proliferation of splenocytes in response to mitogens and the activity of PTLs was equivalent to that seen in the control (without inflammation) groups.
Tracking radical migration in large hydrogen deficient peptides with covalent labels: Facile movement does not equal indiscriminate fragmentation (2009)

Photodissociation of iodo-tyrosine modified peptides yields localized radicals on the tyrosine side chain, which can be further dissociated by collisional activation. We have performed extensive experiments on model peptides, RGYALG, RGYG, and their derivatives, to elucidate the mechanisms underlying backbone fragmentation at tyrosine. Neither acetylation nor deuteration of the tyrosyl phenolic hydrogen significantly affects backbone fragmentation. However, deuterium migration from the tyrosyl beta carbon is concomitant with cleavage at tyrosine. Substitution of tyrosine with 4-hydroxyphenylglycine, which does not have beta hydrogens, results in almost complete elimination of backbone fragmentation at tyrosine. These results suggest that a radical situated on the beta carbon is required for a-type fragmentation in hydrogen-deficient radical peptides. Replacement of the alphaH of the residue adjacent to tyrosine with methyl groups results in significant diminution of backbone fragmentation. The initial radical abstracts an alphaH from the adjacent amino acid, which is poised to "rebound" and abstract the betaH of tyrosine through a six-membered transition-state. Subsequent beta-scission leads to the observed a-type backbone fragment. These results from deuterated peptides clearly reveal that radical migration in peptides can occur and that multiple migrations are not infrequent. Counterintuitively, close examination of all experimental results reveals that the probability for fragmentation at a particular residue is well correlated with thermodynamic radical stability. A-type fragmentation therefore appears to be most likely when favorable thermodynamics are combined with the relevant kinetic control. These results are consistent with ab initio calculations, which demonstrate that barriers to migration are significantly smaller in magnitude than probable dissociation thresholds.
Doxorubicin resistance in P388 leukemia—evidence for reduced drug influx (1989)

Multi-drug resistance (MDR) in cancer cells is associated with reduced drug accumulation. Although intensively studied, the mechanism of this process remains ill-defined. We have now developed a new, rapid and quantitative method of measuring uptake of doxorubicin by these cells, in which the fluorescence of accumulated drug is rapidly quenched by DNA in the cell nucleus. Pre-treatment of cells with deoxyribonuclease eliminates DNA from non-viable, permeable cells, and this obviates the spurious fluorescence quenching that made previous application of this technique useless. Our data strongly suggest that the drug passively diffuses into cells. The rate of this diffusion into drug-resistant cells is considerably lower than that found in drug-sensitive cells. The ratio of the rates of drug entry in these cell types could fully account for the differences between the cell lines in doxorubicin growth-inhibitory activity. In these experiments no evidence for the previously proposed active efflux mechanism was found in either cell line.
Decreased functional connectivity in the fronto-parietal network in children with mood disorders compared to children with dyslexia during rest: An fMRI study (2018)

Reading difficulties involve abnormalities in different cognitive control networks in children with dyslexia compared to children with mood disorders. Findings of the current study suggest increased functional connectivity of one cognitive control network may compensate for reduced functional connectivity in the other network in children with mood disorders. These findings provide guidance to clinical professionals for design of interventions tailored for children suffering from reading difficulties originating from different pathologies.
고성(固城) 송학동(松鶴洞) 제1호분(第1號墳) 축조수법(築造手法)과 내부구조(內部構造) (2005)

송학동고분의 분구는 구릉위에 점질토와 산토를 이용하여 조산한 다음 그 속을 파서 유구를 배치하고 가장자리에는 단절형 주구를 배치하는 공통적인 특징을 가지고 있다. 그러나 유구의 형태나 구조에 있어서는 개별적인 차이를 보이고 있다. 즉 1A호분은 다곽식으로서 가야지역 고유의 전통묘제라고 할 수 있는 수혈식석곽 11기가 축조시기를 각각 달리하면서 설치되어 있는데 개중에는 장벽을 연장해서 추가장이 행해진 흔적을 남기기도 하고, 석곽 내부에 구유형 목관을 설치한 흔적도 있다. 따라서 1A호분은 가야지역 묘제의 전통을 비교적 잘 지킨 보수성이 강한 것이라고 평가될 수 있으며 동일 분구 내에 설치된 다곽식고분이라는 점에서 그 축조 시기는 대략 5세기 후반에서 6세기 전반에 해당할 것으로 추정된다. 물론 유구에 따라서 그 선후관계는 분명하게 나타나고 있다. 그리고 1B호분은 전기한 1A호분과 동일 구릉상의 묘역 내에 근접해서 위치하지만 묘제는 당시 가야지역에서는 생소한 새로운 묘제인 석실 서쪽에 묘도, 연도, 양수식 현문을 가진 횡혈식 석실 유구가 설치되어있다. 그리고 석실과 연도 내부는 붉게 도장되고 석실에는 목재선반과 휘장용 철 못이 설치되는 등 재지적인 요소보다는 외래적인 요소가 강하게 작용된 듯한 느낌을 갖는 것이다. 특히 분구 바깥의 가장자리 부분에 설치된 주구 속에 배치된 적갈색 원통형토기는 더욱 외래적임을 시사케 하고 있다. 이런 외래적인 요소는 인근한 전남지방과 일본 구주지방에서 그 원류를 찾을 수가 있어서 당시 남해연안을 통로를 삼아 상호 교류한 결과의 산물이라고 할 수 있으며 시기적으로는 5세기 말엽에서 6세기 초엽에 해당하는 것으로 추정된다. 그리고 분구 내에 추가장된 수혈식 석곽도 시기적으로 대차가 없을 것으로 생각된다. 또 1C호분은 전기한 두 고분의 분구 속에 중복해서 설치된 것으로서 6세기 전반에서 중반대로 편년되는 고분이다. 역시 서쪽에 묘도·연도·양수식 현문을 가진 횡혈식 석실이지만 현문에 문비를 비롯한 문주석·문지방석을 갖추지 않은 신식으로 천정은 궁륭상으로 추정되며 상면에 목제 상자를 배치하고 있는 것이 특징이다. 마지막 1E호분 3세기 말엽에서 4세기 초엽으로 그 축조시기가 추정되는 목곽분이다. 송학동 대형고분군 축조이전의 재지세력집단의 분묘로 생각되는데 상호간 약 2세기정도 공백기를 예상할 수 있는 것이다. 원형 봉토와 목곽상부에 유물을 부장하는 방법이 주목된다. 이상의 결과를 종합하면 송학동 제1호분은(1E호 유구를 제외한 나머지 고분) 5세기 중반이후부터 6세기 중반 사이 약 1세기간에 걸쳐 축조하여 사용된 고자국 또는 소가야의 왕이나 수장급에 해당하는 자의 무덤으로 추정되지만 각 유구의 특징에 따라 차이를 보이고 있는 것이 사실이다. 즉 1A호분과 1C호분은 재지적인 소가야의 정체성이 강조되는 요소가 대부분인 반면 1B호분은 재지적이라기 보다는 오히려 외래적인 요소가 대부분을 차지하는 것이다. 따라서 1B-1호 유구의 경우 피장자의 신분이나 당시 장례절차 등에 대한 어떤 궁금증이 생기는 것은 당연하다. 그것은 이렇게 외래적인 요소가 농후한 고분이 재지적인 요소를 가진 고분군 속에 함께 포함되어 나타나게 된 배경을 당장 파악할 수 없기 때문이다. 그리고 송학동1호분이 형태상으로는 전방후원분이 아니지만 그 축조수법이나 유구의 구조와 내부에서 출토된 유물의 특징은 전방후원분이 분포하는 우리나라 전남 해안지방과 일본 구주지방의 고분들과 매우 유사함을 알 수 있다. 따라서 앞으로 이런 의문점은 상호 유사한 특징을 가지고 있는 지역 즉 고성지역을 비롯해서 전남지방 그리고 일본 구주지방에 대한 고분의 분석을 통해서 해결하는 것이 가능할 것으로 생각된다.
Rapid Access to Multicolor Three-Dimensional Printed Chemistry and Biochemistry Models Using Visualization and Three-Dimensional Printing Software Programs (2017)

Use of color 3D printers as a visualization tool is described in this paper. Starting from any file depicting a chemical structure, multicolor 3D printed chemical structures can be produced. Most structures were printed in hours, making the entire process from file preparation to tangible model quickly achievable. Chemical structure examples are showcased from organic chemistry, organometallic chemistry, and biochemistry. This paper presents a method of producing multicolor chemistry and biochemistry tangible models using Chimera and Magics molecular visualization and 3D printing software.
Targeting PD-L1 Protein: Translation, Modification and Transport (2018)

Programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) is a cell membrane protein that binds to programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) on the effector T cells and transduces immunosuppressive signals. It is now clear that the expression of the PD-L1 protein on the tumor cell surface is critical for tumor cells to escape immunosuppression. At present, more attention is focused on the transcriptional regulation of PDL1 mRNA. However, PD-L1 protein is the functional unit involved in immunotherapy response. It is essential to deeply understand how this membrane protein is regulated post-transcriptionally in tumors and immune cells. In this review, we summarize the recent progress on the translation, modification and transport of PD-L1 protein.
Expression and function of Fas (CD95) on human renal tubular epithelial cells. (1997)

Renal transplant rejection is characterized by an influx of mononuclear cells in the tubulointerstitial area. Recent studies indicate that tubular damage during graft rejection is dependent, at least in part, on apoptosis. It is thought that apoptosis may be induced by the mononuclear cell infiltrate via the perforin/granzyme or the Fas/Fas ligand pathway. Fas is a 43-kD member of the tumor necrosis factor receptor family, and ligation results in apoptosis of the Fas-bearing cell. The present study analyzes whether Fas is expressed on human tubular epithelial cells in situ and in vitro. It was found that 50 to 70% of the tubules in renal tissue exhibited a positive staining for Fas. To further study the occurrence of Fas on tubular cells, eight different primary proximal tubular epithelial cell (PTEC) lines were analyzed for Fas expression. More than 90% of the PTEC were positive for Fas, and treatment with IFN-gamma resulted in an even higher expression. To determine whether Fas ligation resulted in apoptosis of PTEC in culture, PTEC were incubated with two different anti-Fas antibodies, which were able to induce apoptosis in Jurkat cells. No apoptotic PTEC were observed after Fas ligation, as determined by morphological staining and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling analysis. Simultaneous CD40 and Fas ligation, or treatment with IFN-gamma before Fas ligation, also did not result in the induction of apoptosis. Fas ligation did not result in proliferation or activation of PTEC, as measured by interleukin-8 production. Apoptotic PTEC could only be detected when the cells were incubated with both anti-Fas antibodies and cycloheximide, resulting in up to 92% apoptotic cells. This study demonstrates that although renal tubular epithelial cells express Fas, they appear to be resistant to Fas-mediated apoptosis, suggesting that Fas-mediated apoptosis does not play a role in the induction of apoptosis during renal transplant rejection.
Production loss due to new subclinical mastitis in Dutch dairy cows estimated with a test-day model (2009)

Milk, fat, and protein loss due to a new subclinical mastitis case may be economically important, and the objective of this study was to estimate this loss. The loss was estimated based on test-day (TD) cow records collected over a 1-yr period from 400 randomly selected Dutch dairy herds. After exclusion of records from cows with clinical mastitis, the data set comprised 251,647 TD records from 43,462 lactations of 39,512 cows. The analysis was carried out using a random regression test-day modeling approach that predicts the cow production at each TD based on the actual production at all previous TD. The definition of new subclinical mastitis was based on the literature and assumed a new subclinical case if somatic cell count (SCC) was >100,000 cells/mL after a TD with SCC <50,000 cells/mL. A second data set was created by applying an adjustment to correct low SCC for the dilution effect when determining if the previous test-day SCC was <50,000 cells/ mL. Thereafter, the loss was estimated for records with SCC >100,000 cells/mL. The production (milk, fat, or protein) losses were modeled as the difference between the actual and predicted production (milk, fat, or protein) at the TD of new subclinical mastitis, for 4,382 cow records, and 2,545 cow records after dilution correction. Primiparous cows were predicted to lose 0.31 (0.25-0.37) and 0.28 (0.20-0.35) kg of milk/d at an SCC of 200,000 cells/mL, for unadjusted and adjusted low SCC, respectively. For the same SCC increase, multiparous cows were predicted to lose 0.58 (0.54-0.62) and 0.50 (0.44-0.56) kg of milk/d, respectively. Moreover, it was found that the greater the SCC increase above 100,000 cells/mL, the greater the production losses. The estimated production losses were more precise than previously reported estimates.