gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Pressure and tone dependence of coronary diastolic input impedance and capacitance (1985)

To quantify reactive elements of the coronary circulation, we have characterized in vivo diastolic coronary input impedance by introducing sinusoidal pressure oscillations of constant amplitude and varying frequency at constant mean pressure levels during prolonged diastoles in heart-blocked dogs anesthetized with pentobarbital. The behavior of coronary input impedance is similar to that observed in other peripheral vascular beds and is a function of both mean distending pressure and vasomotor tone. The behavior of impedance modulus and phase at each pressure level could be described by a lumped resistive-capacitive (RC) parallel model over a frequency range of 1-5 Hz. At higher frequencies the phase angle response could be characterized by adding a Voigt viscoelastic element to the original RC model. Calculated coronary capacitances for both models were similar in magnitude and varied inversely with mean coronary distending pressure. Values for the RC and RC viscoelastic model in the maximally dilated coronary bed were 14.1 and 21.6 X 10(-3) ml X mmHg X 100 g-1 at 30 mmHg and 2.65 and 2.70 X 10(-3) ml X mmHg-1 X 100 g-1 at 110 mmHg. With vasomotor tone intact, calculated coronary capacitance at each pressure level was reduced by a factor of two. These results indicate that an RC parallel model with pressure- and vasomotor tone-dependent capacitance adequately describes diastolic coronary input impedance at frequencies encountered during ordinary diastoles. The addition of a viscoelastic element provides adequate fits up to frequencies of 10 Hz.
Remote-brained robots (1997)

We introduce our research approach to investigating real world intelligence by building 'Remote-Brained Robots'. The key idea is that of interfacing AI systems with real-world behaviors through wireless technology. In this approach the robot system is designed to have the brain and body separate, both conceptually and physically. It allows us to tie AI directly to the world, enabling the verification of high-level AI techniques which could previously only be used in simulation. For robotics research, this approach opens the way to the use of large-scale powerful parallel computers. For AI, this approach allows experiments with realistic agents, an essential step to the application of AI in the real world. In this presentation we introduce the remote-brained approach, describe some remote-brained robots and discuss experiments.
Excitatory Synaptic Feedback from the Motor Layer to the Sensory Layers of the Superior Colliculus (2014)

Neural circuits that translate sensory information into motor commands are organized in a feedforward manner converting sensory information into motor output. The superior colliculus (SC) follows this pattern as it plays a role in converting visual information from the retina and visual cortex into motor commands for rapid eye movements (saccades). Feedback from movement to sensory regions is hypothesized to play critical roles in attention, visual image stability, and saccadic suppression, but in contrast to feedforward pathways, motor feedback to sensory regions has received much less attention. The present study used voltage imaging and patch-clamp recording in slices of rat SC to test the hypothesis of an excitatory synaptic pathway from the motor layers of the SC back to the sensory superficial layers. Voltage imaging revealed an extensive depolarization of the superficial layers evoked by electrical stimulation of the motor layers. A pharmacologically isolated excitatory synaptic potential in the superficial layers depended on stimulus strength in the motor layers in a manner consistent with orthodromic excitation. Patch-clamp recording from neurons in the sensory layers revealed excitatory synaptic potentials in response to glutamate application in the motor layers. The location, size, and morphology of responsive neurons indicated they were likely to be narrow-field vertical cells. This excitatory projection from motor to sensory layers adds an important element to the circuitry of the SC and reveals a novel feedback pathway that could play a role in enhancing sensory responses to attended targets as well as visual image stabilization.
Reccomendations for diagnosis and treatment of patients with lung cancer (2020)

No abstract.
All-Materials-Inclusive Flash Spark Plasma Sintering (2017)

A new flash (ultra-rapid) spark plasma sintering method applicable to various materials systems, regardless of their electrical resistivity, is developed. A number of powders ranging from metals to electrically insulative ceramics have been successfully densified resulting in homogeneous microstructures within sintering times of 8-35 s. A finite element simulation reveals that the developed method, providing an extraordinary fast and homogeneous heating concentrated in the sample's volume and punches, is applicable to all the different samples tested. The utilized uniquely controllable flash phenomenon is enabled by the combination of the electric current concentration around the sample and the confinement of the heat generated in this area by the lateral thermal contact resistance. The presented new method allows: extending flash sintering to nearly all materials, controlling sample shape by an added graphite die, and an energy efficient mass production of small and intermediate size objects. This approach represents also a potential venue for future investigations of flash sintering of complex shapes.
Ligand and Structure Based Virtual Screening Strategies for Hit-Finding and Optimization of Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) Inhibitors (2011)

Virtual Screening (VS) has experienced increased attention into the recent years due to the large datasets made available, the development of advanced VS techniques and the encouraging fact that VS has contributed to the discovery of several compounds that have either reached the market or entered clinical trials. Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) nonstructural protein 5B (NS5B) has become an attractive target for the development of antiviral drugs and many small molecules have been explored as possible HCV NS5B inhibitors. In parallel with experimental practices, VS can serve as a valuable tool in the identification of novel effective inhibitors. Different techniques and workflows have been reported in literature with the goal to prioritize possible potent hits. In this context, different virtual screening strategies have been deployed for the identification of novel Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) inhibitors. This work reviews recent applications of virtual screening in an effort to identify novel potent HCV inhibitors.
Probiotic buttermilk‐like fermented milk product development in a semiindustrial scale: Physicochemical, microbiological and sensory acceptability (2009)

Probiotic buttermilk‐like fermented milk in different flavors in versions with sucrose and sucralose were processed in a pilot plant. The Mesophilic Aromatic Culture CHN‐22 and Bifidobacterium animalis Bb12 were the cultures employed for fermentation. Physicochemical composition, apparent viscosity, diacetyl content, viability of cultures during storage, and acceptance of product via sensorial analysis were assessment factors. The high viability of the probiotic culture was observed (average 8.08 log cfu/ml) during refrigerated storage (28 days) of buttermilk and good acceptance of the product via sensory test. However, the probiotic culture might have been responsible for the loss of diacetyl, a volatile compound that is a characteristic feature of the product.
Design of a Micro‐Structured System for the Homogenization of Dairy Products at High Fat Content – Part III: Influence of Geometric Parameters (2009)

Abstract Partial homogenization using a microstructured SHM (Simultaneous Homogenizing and Mixing) valve (as presented in part I) significantly reduces aggregation of fat globules during their homogenization by feeding the continuous phase directly into the droplet disruption zone. It allows homogenizing cream up to at least 42 vol.‐% of fat, thus reducing processing costs significantly without loss in product quality (process intensification). In contrary to conventional milk technology, droplet sizes can be reduced at high fat contents with increasing pressure or increasing temperature of the homogenized stream (as presented in part II). This breaks new ground in dairy product design. In part III our focus is set on the influence of the SHM valve geometry on the homogenization results. No significant influence was found for the shape of the flow channels. In contrast, the distance at which the mixing streams enter has a significant impact on the homogenization results. For standard SHM valves with a T‐shaped mixing unit we found an optimal distance at around 5 mm behind the valve outlet. In order to separate the tasks of implying a counter‐pressure and instant diluting, an SHM2 double‐valve configuration is suggested combining a double homogenization valve with a mixing unit. This offers the possibility to profit from counter‐pressure just as well as in full‐stream homogenization and gives more freedom in the mixing inlet design. Optimal distances for the mixing stream inlet are between 0 and 5 mm.
185 Use of 3T Functional MRI in Evaluation of Eugonadal Men with Normal Erections But Persistent Delayed Ejaculation or Anejaculation: A Pilot Study (2018)

Anorgasmia (AO) and delayed orgasm (DO) is both prevalent and very bothersome among men. Several centrally acting neurotropic medications such as selective serotonin inhibitors have been associated with DO. The mechanisms underlying AO and DO are poorly understood, however, the associations to centrally acting medications provide a strong rationale for aberrant neural signalling being a potential mechanism. Neuroimaging studies have characterized normal sexual function but little data exists among pathologic conditions such as DO and AO. The objective of this study is to use neuroimaging techniques to investigate differential neural signalling among men with DO and AO. One subject with a history of normal erectile function but DO was compared to two men with normal erectile, ejaculatory and orgasmic function that served as controls. Subjects were given an international index of erectile function (IIEF), and male sexual health questionnaire – ejaculatory domain questionnaires. Subjects underwent a 3 Tesla functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study while watching 3 video conditions: a neutral control, a positive (comedy) emotional control, and a sexual condition. Each condition was played for 50seconds, and each condition was presented using 5 unique clips in a pseudorandomized fashion. fMRI data was then analysed using SPM12 software in a block-designed analysis.
2P166 Direct observation of functioning myosin VI by high-speed AFM(11. Molecular motor,Poster,The 52nd Annual Meeting of the Biophysical Society of Japan(BSJ2014)) (2014)

Myosin VI physiologically functions as transporter and anchor in a cell. Recent single molecule high accuracy nano imaging (Nishikawa et al., 2010) revealed myosin VI has inchworm-like steps and hand-over-hand steps. These diverse stepping mode may relate to the switch between transporter and anchor, however, there's no evidence for that. Here, we examined the relashionship by a direct observation of stepping dynamics under tension, because tension triggers the switching between transporter and anchor. We achieved FIONA under tension by constructing nano sized spring using DNA nanotechnology (DNA origami). We found, during anchoring, myosin VI does not only prolong dwell time but repeats inchworm-like step and back steps to keep the anchoring state.
Simulations of an RF inductively coupled reactor (1992)

Several types of plasma sources are being considered for implementation in etching reactors. The desired characteristics for these sources include ion flux uniformity and low ion impact energy at the water surface. The authors are performing particle-in-cell simulations of a simple RFI coupled reactor using the 2-1/2 code, MERLIN. The exciting coil is approximated by a set of concentric current carrying coils having rectangular cross-sections. The vacuum fields for a specified current are analytically calculated and introduced into the particle push routine in MERLIN. Preliminary results pertaining to the electron and ion energy distribution functions in an argon discharge will be presented. Future work will be described.
N-gram analysis of a Mongolian text (2008)

We present n-gram analysis results of a Mongolian text. The methodology requires only unlabeled text. We describe basic statistical data which are important for further stages.
Effect of blanching on volatile compounds and structural aspects of Cordyceps militaris dried by microwave-assisted pulse-spouted bed freeze-drying (MPSFD) (2018)

Effect of low temperature blanching at 50°C (for 15, 30, and 60 min) and high temperature blanching at 100°C (30, 60, and 120 s) on volatile compounds and structural properties of Cordyceps militaris dried by microwave-assisted pulse-spouted bed freeze-drying were investigated. A total of 83 volatile compounds were identified. Blanching at 100°C remarkably decreased the ketones and alcohols while contributed to the formation of alkanes. The absence at 993 cm−1 and the appearance near 1548 cm−1 in samples blanched at 100°C were observed, indicating blanching at high temperature would cause the loss of polysaccharides and the degradation of proteins. Principal component analysis and cluster analysis suggested that volatile compounds in untreated samples and those blanched at 50°C for 15 min were similar. In general, blanching at 50°C for 15 min is recommended regarding the retention of flavor components and structural properties of dried C. militaris.
Small renal masses: Toward more rational treatment (2011)

Managing small renal masses poses a common and controversial problem. Although radical nephrectomy is still the most common treatment, partial nephrectomy is the new gold standard, and thermal ablation or active surveillance are reasonable for some patients. Renal mass biopsy with molecular profiling will likely allow for more rational treatment in the near future.
Effects of Source and Load Impedance on the Insertion Loss of Expansion Chamber Hydraulic Noise Suppressors (2023)

Currently, the acoustical performance of hydraulic noise attenuators is usually measured in terms of insertion loss (IL) and transmission loss (TL). Compared with the TL, experimental measurements of IL appear to be easier, however, the acquisition of source and load impedance for theoretical IL seems to be time-consuming and costly. Considering that the analogy between electrical system variables and fluidic ones is complete, well-established electrical circuit representations could be used for hydraulic systems using expansion chamber configurations as the hydraulic suppressors. Utilizing the Thevenin theorem and Norton theorem in the electrical network theory, two types of pressure oscillation source representations are equivalent insofar as the suppressors are concerned and then the expression for IL could be simplified. Finally, through the experimental measurements of the IL, the most suitable electrical representation would be selected. By implementing this method, the measurements of source impedance and load impedance tend to be avoided, which appears to be an attractive approach.
Unusual anti-Selective Reduction of α-Methyl β-Alkylketo Esters by Organotin Hydride-Titanium Tetrachloride (1995)

The highly stereoselective reduction of α-methyl β-keto esters is achieved by use of organotin hydride in the presence of titanium tetrachloride to give the anti β-hydroxy esters.
A Feasibility Study of Guided Wave Technique for Rail Monitoring (2006)

The critical subject of transverse crack detection in a rail head is treated in this paper. Conventional bulk wave ultrasonic techniques oftenfail because of shelling and other surface imperfections that shield the defects that lie below the shelling. A guided wave inspection technique is introduced here that can send ultrasonic energy along the rail under the shelling with a capability of finding the deleterious transverse crack defects. Dispersion curves are generated via a semi analytical finite element technique along with a hybrid guided wave finite element technique to explore the most suitable modes and frequencies for finding these defects. Sensor design and experimental feasibility experiments are also reported.
Biosynthesis of azaphilones: a review (2021)

Covering up to 2020 Azaphilones are fungal polyketide pigments bearing a highly oxygenated pyranoquinone bicyclic core; they are receiving a great deal of increasing research interest for their applications in the agroalimentary, dyeing, cosmetic, printing and pharmaceutical industries. Their biosynthetic pathways are not fully elucidated; however, thanks to recent genomic approaches combined with the increasing genome sequencing of fungi, some of these pathways have been recently unveiled. This is the first review on the biosynthesis of azaphilonoids adressed from a genomic point of view.
Radiation-Induced Enhancement of Antioxidant Contents of Soybean (Glycine maxMerrill) (2004)

Soybean samples were treated with gamma-radiation doses between 0.5 and 5 kGy for achieving insect disinfestation and microbial decontamination. Nutritional quality of soybeans with respect to antioxidant isoflavone content was tested in radiation-treated and untreated samples. Changes in major isoflavones such as genistein, diadzein, glycetein, and their glycosides were monitored by high-performance liquid chromatography. Interestingly, a decrease in content of glycosidic conjugates and an increase in aglycons were noted with increasing radiation dose. Antioxidant potential measured as percent 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl scavenging activity showed an increasing trend with dose, indicating that radiation processing as a method of food preservation has a positive nutritional implication.
Novel Iron(III)-Based Metal–Organic Gels with Superior Catalytic Performance toward Luminol Chemiluminescence (2017)

Novel metal-organic gels (MOGs) consisting of iron (Fe<sup>3+</sup>) as the central ion and 1,10-phenanthroline-2,9-dicarboxylic acid (PDA) as the ligand were synthesized by a mild facile strategy. The Fe(III)-containing metal-organic xerogels (Fe-MOXs), obtained after removing the solvents in MOGs, were found to exhibit outstanding performance in the catalysis of luminol chemiluminescence (CL) for the first time even in the absence of extra oxidants such as hydrogen peroxide. The possible CL mechanism was discussed according to the electro/optical measurements, including electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), UV-vis absorption, and CL spectra, as well as the effects of radical scavengers on Fe-MOXs-catalyzed luminol CL system, suggesting that the CL emission of luminol might originate from the intrinsic oxidase-like catalytic activity of Fe-MOXs on the decomposition of dissolved oxygen. Additionally, the potential practical application of the resulting luminol-Fe-MOXs system was evaluated by the quantitative analysis of dopamine. Good linearity over the range from 0.05 to 0.6 μM was obtained with the limit of detection (LOD, 3σ) of 20.4 nM and acceptable recoveries ranging from 98.6 to 105.4% in human urine. These results may open up the promising application of novel metal-organic gels as highly effective catalysts in the field of chemiluminescence.
New Proline Mimetics:  Synthesis of Thrombin Inhibitors Incorporating Cyclopentane- and Cyclopentenedicarboxylic Acid Templates in the P2 Position. Binding Conformation Investigated by X-ray Crystallography (2000)

With the aim to prepare nonpeptidic thrombin inhibitors, the amino acids of the thrombin-inhibiting tripeptide chain D-Phe-Pro-Arg were replaced with isosteres. Arg was replaced with the more rigid P1 truncated p-amidinobenzylamine (Pab), Pro with either cyclopentane-1, 2-dicarboxylic acid or cyclopentene-1,5-dicarboxylic acid, and D-Phe with a series of readily available lipophilic amines. One of the most potent compounds (25, pIC(50) = 6.01) in these series was cocrystallized with thrombin where the X-ray crystal structure provide insight to the structure-activity relationship (SAR).
Membrane Durability in a PEM Fuel Cell Studied Using PVDF Based Radiation Grafted Membranes (2003)

Abstract The durability testing of membranes for use in a polymer electrolyte fuel cell (PEFC) has been studied in situ by a combination of galvanostatic steady‐state and impedance measurements. The PEFC measurements, which are time consuming, have been compared to fast ex situ testing in 3% H 2 O 2 solution. For the direct assessment of membrane degradation micro‐Raman spectroscopy and determination of ion exchange capacity (IEC) have been used. PVDF based membranes, radiation grafted with styrene and sulfonated, were used as model membranes. By using low degrees of grafting, below about 35%, the durability of this type of membrane can be increased. Degradation in the fuel cell was found to be highly localised. It was found that in situ measurements in the PEFC alone are not sufficient. Measurement of the cell resistance via impedance is not always a reliable indicator of changes in membrane resistance because other resistance changes in the cell can easily interfere and cannot be separated from those caused by the membrane. Micro‐Raman is an ideal complementary method to in situ testing, but it is time consuming. For fast pre‐screening of membrane durability mass loss measurements during exposure to 3% H 2 O 2 solution combined with the determination of changes in the IEC can be performed.
On the Development History of Arch Stone Bridges, and it's Engineer IWANAGA Sangoro, Chief of Stonemason, and ASO Tetsuya, Master Carpenter (1997)

Late in the Edo era, the construction works have been promoted in parallel with the TENPOU reforms in the SATSUMA clan, and these successes have produced a factor of the modernization of Japan. ZUSHO Hirosato, principal of the clan, have actively promoted infrastructures, such as river improvement, drought countermeasure and transportation preparation. Both IWANAGA Sangorou, chief of stonemason, and ASO Tetsuya, master carpenter, have played important parts in these construction works.The construction techniques of arch stone bridge that came down from China early in the Edo era, have made rapid progress with the numbers of construction works and structure plans, under the step-up in the agricultural production and the economy of the clan late in the Edo era. Both the five stone bridges of multiple spans that crossed Kotsuki river and IWANAGA who produced the five bridges are monumental values in the development history of arch stone bridges.
Morphing aspects (2004)

Weaving is one of the fundamental mechanisms of aspect-oriented systems. A weaver composes different aspects with the base system by determining and adapting all parts where aspect specific elements are needed eventually. At runtime, timeconsuming join point checks are necessary to determine if at a certain join point aspect-specific code needs to be executed. Current technologies enforce such checks even in locations that only temporarily or under restrictive conditions (or even never) execute aspect-specific code. In more complex applications, a large number of these checks fail and just cause a substantial runtime overhead without contributing to the system's overall behavior. The main reason for this flaw is complete weaving, the way how aspects are woven to an application using current technologies. In this paper we discuss the problem of unnecessary join point checks caused by complete weaving. We introduce morphing aspects - incompletely woven aspects in combination with continuous weaving - to overcome the problem of futile join point checks.