gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The nature and regulation of actin filament turnover in cells. (1991)

Actin filaments in mammalian cells form a number of different architectures in conjunction with a number of different actin-binding proteins. In motile cells these complex architectural arrangements of actin filaments and associated proteins continuously adjust their 3-dimensional organisation to modify the shape and behaviour of cells in response to external information. Microinjection experiments with fluorescently-labelled actin monomers suggest that there is a continual exchange of monomers between the actin filaments and a soluble pool such that individual monomers exist for only a few minutes within polymers. These data suggest that remodelling of the actin filament architectures occurs by the continuous assembly of new filaments which is balanced by the disassembly of obsolete structures. The mechanisms driving and regulating the assembly and disassembly cycle are not yet clearly understood. The properties of the actin assembly ATPase in vitro suggest that the intrinsic exchange of monomers between polymers and the monomer pool is driven by the stoichiometric ATP hydrolysis which is uncoupled from monomer addition and leads to both treadmilling and to the potential for mechanisms analogous to the dynamic instability models proposed for microtubules. Because of the relatively rapid rate of ATP hydrolysis by monomers in the filament (k = 0.05-0.02/s), it is assumed that most of the F-actin in cells is in its ADP form. ADP-F-actin binds inorganic phosphate with a Kd close to that of cytoplasmic concentrations to form an ADP.Pi-F-actin form which has different kinetic, structural and behavioural properties to ADP-F-actin.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Numerical Study on Dynamic Resistance of an HTS Switch Made of Series-Connected YBCO Stacks (2021)

When a superconductor is exposed to an AC magnetic field whilst carrying a constant DC transport current, a DC electrical resistance can be observed, commonly referred to as “dynamic resistance”. This dissipative effect can play a critical role in many potential high-temperature superconducting (HTS) applications, especially for the AC-field-actuated HTS switch, which is the key component in the HTS transformer-rectifier flux pump (TRFP). The characteristics of the HTS switch determine the performance and reliability of TRFP. In this paper, we report a numerical study of a new HTS switch design made of series-connected YBCO stacks. This study aims to obtain insights into the characteristics of dynamic resistance and power loss, including their relationships with the amplitude and the frequency of the AC magnetic field. The energy conversion efficiency of the HTS switch is also investigated. This work will help design a high-performance AC-field-actuated HTS switch.
Evaluation of sulphonamide derivatives acting as inhibitors of human carbonic anhydrase isoforms I, II andMycobacterium tuberculosisβ-class enzyme Rv3273 (2018)

A series of novel sulphonamide derivatives was obtained from sulphanilamide which was N4-alkylated with ethyl bromoacetate followed by reaction with hydrazine hydrate. The hydrazide obtained was further reacted with various aromatic aldehydes. The novel sulphonamides were characterised by infrared, mass spectrometry, <sup>1</sup>H- and <sup>13</sup>C-NMR and purity was determined by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Human (h) carbonic anhydrase (CA, EC 4.2.1.1) isoforms hCA I and II and Mycobacterium tuberculosis β-CA encoded by the gene Rv3273 (mtCA 3) inhibition activity was investigated with the synthesised compounds which showed promising inhibition. The K<sub>I</sub>s were in the range of 54.6 nM-1.8 µM against hCA I, in the range of 32.1 nM-5.5 µM against hCA II and of 127 nM-2.12 µM against mtCA 3.
Immersion und Interaktion (2007)

Digitale Kunst ist offen, fluchtig, interdisziplinar, multimedial, prozessual, diskursiv, konzept- und kontextbezogen und zielt daneben immer haufiger auf Interaktion mit dem Rezipienten ab. Innerhalb der Evolution der Gattungen hat die Virtuelle Kunst begonnen, das tradierte Tableau weiter, diesmal zugunsten eines prozessualen Kunstmodells aufzulosen.
Computational Modeling of Wave Propagation in a Geophysical Domain (2008)

Abstract : The propagation of shear (S) and compression (P) waves within the earth allows geologists to track seismic events and to identify subterranean structure. Highly specialized geological based computer programs developed have been instrumental in determining the location and characteristics of natural phenomena (e.g., earthquakes) and man-made activity (e.g., nuclear-blast tests). Use of these internally developed programs requires regular maintenance, and the reliance on supercomputers limits broad accessibility. This paper seeks to demonstrate that commercially available software running on desktop computational resources can provide accurate solutions to an important subset of problems associated with wave propagation in the geophysical domain. The work presented here uses COMSOL Multiphysics to solve the equilibrium equations for a time-varying system using the finite element method. This work focuses on developing a benchmark solution of a homogeneous half-space loading with an impact and develops a general closed-form solution against which to compare the computational results. These results show the ability to resolve both S and P wave across the computational domain. Thus, COMSOL Multiphysics running on desktop computational resources provides sufficiently accurate results for critical geophysical wave propagation problems.
Efficacy of Certain Essential Oils, Copper Oxide, Copper Oxide Nanoparticle, Imazalil and Bacillus subtilis to Control Fruit Rot of Avocado (2021)

Disease incidence and disease severity of avocado fruit rot were assessed on cv. Hass and cv. Fuerte during 2019 and 2020 growing seasons. The highest percentages of disease incidence and disease severity were recorded in cv. fuerte in the market at El-Qanater El-Khayria, Qaliobia Governorate. On the other hand, the lowest percentages of disease incidence and disease severity were recorded in cv. Hass in the field at El- Rahawy, Giza Governorate during the two growing seasons. Four different fungi, i.e., Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, Lasiodiplodia theobromae, Fusarium moniliforme and Penicillium expansum were isolated from the naturally infected avocado fruits in the surveyed regions. Pathogenicity tests showed that the maximum percentage of disease severity on cv. Hass and cv. Fuerte resulted from infection by L. theobromae, followed by C. gloeosporioides, while the lowest percentage of disease severity was incited byP. expansum. The efficacy of alternative products namely essential oils of Lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus L.), Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) and Thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.) and Serenade ASO (Bacillus subtilis QST713) was evaluated in in vitro and in vivo as well as under ﬁeld conditions for controlling fruit rot of avocado comparing with Imazalil, Copper oxide and Copper oxide nanoparticles. Complete inhibition of colony growth and protection from fruit rot was recorded with essential oils and Copper oxide at concentration of 3 ml or g/L of each. Meanwhile, the same effect was recorded at concentration of 1 ml/ L in case of Imazalil, Copper oxide nanoparticles and Serenade ASO. However, under field conditions, Copper oxide nanoparticles and Imazalil gave the highest efficacy for controlling avocado fruit rot disease, followed by Serenade ASO, Copper oxide and Thyme, while the lowest efficacy was recorded when trees sprayed with Lemongrass and Rosemary, respectively. The results indicated that avocado fruit rot disease could be controlled using suitable concentration of the tested treatments.
Ethernet Bridging Architecture [Standards Topics] (2007)

A review of the guiding principles of the IEEE 802 architecture is presented followed by the origin and goals of the ITU-T functional architecture. The applicability of these architectures to Ethernet bridging standards is shown, specifically, how these architectures enabled 802.1Q to evolve from the enterprise to the carrier. Further, the application of ITU-T modeling to Ethernet bridging enabled simplified management for operators but also has exposed the limitations of using only a connection-oriented model.
Anion Currents and Predicted Glutamate Flux through a Neuronal Glutamate Transporter (1998)

Kinetic properties of a native, neuronal glutamate transporter were studied by using rapid applications of glutamate to outside-out patches excised from Purkinje neurons. Pulses of glutamate activated anion currents associated with the transporter that were weakly antagonized by the transporter antagonist kainate. In addition, kainate blocked a resting anion conductance observed in the absence of glutamate. Transporter currents in response to glutamate concentration jumps under a variety of conditions were used to construct a cyclic kinetic model of the transporter. The model simulates both the anion conductance and the glutamate flux through the transporter, thereby permitting several predictions regarding the dynamics of glutamate transport at the synapse. For example, the concentration-dependent binding rate of glutamate to the transporter is high, similar to binding rates suggested for ligand-gated glutamate receptors. At saturating glutamate concentrations, transporters cycle at a steady-state rate of 13/sec. Transporters are predicted to have a high efficiency; once bound, a glutamate molecule is more likely to be transported than to unbind. Physiological concentrations of internal sodium and glutamate significantly slow net transport. Finally, a fixed proportion of anion and glutamate flux is expected over a wide range of circumstances, providing theoretical support for using net charge flux to estimate the amount and time course of glutamate transport.
A new embedded inductor for ZVS DC-DC converter applications (2012)

In this paper, a new tapered silicon-embedded coreless power inductor is proposed and demonstrated. The width and depth for the different turns of the inductor are designed with different values to reduce the proximity effect. An 18.6 nH inductance and a peak Q factor of 12.1 are achieved at 23 MHz within a chip area of 0.8 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> . The AC power loss of the inductor is reduced by a maximum of 56% using the novel design. The inductor shows a peak efficiency of 91% in ZVS conversion applications, and is the highest in monolithic ZVS DC-DC converters reported so far.
Conformance test of simple profile MPEG-4 texture decoding (2002)

The <i>Journal of Electronic Imaging</i> (JEI), copublished bimonthly with the Society for Imaging Science and Technology, publishes peer-reviewed papers that cover research and applications in all areas of electronic imaging science and technology.
An Efficient Stereoselective Total Synthesis of Bioactive (3R,5R)‐1‐(4‐Hydroxyphenyl)‐7‐phenylheptane‐3,5‐diol via Asymmetric Aldol Reaction (2016)

Abstract An efficient stereoselective total synthesis of (3 R ,5 R )‐1‐(4‐hydroxyphenyl)‐7‐phenylheptane‐3,5‐diol ( 1 ) is reported based on the Mukaiyama aldol reaction. The total synthesis of compound 1 was accomplished with 30% overall yield in simple eight steps from commercially available trans ‐cinnamaldehyde.
<title>Restoring excited particle interaction potentials from laser spectroscopy data: Na broadened by CO2 as an example</title> (1996)

Preliminary results of restoring potentials of interactions Na(3s, 3p)-CO<SUB>2</SUB>(X<SUP>1</SUP>(Sigma) <SUB>g</SUB><SUP>+</SUP>) from measured far wing spectra of sodium resonance line Na-D perturbed by CO<SUB>2</SUB> are presented. The spectra in the range of (Delta) (sigma) approximately equals 10-3500 cm<SUP>-1</SUP> are considered following the quasi-static theory of line broadening by inert gases as continua and due to the A $ARLR X and B $ARLR X transitions of Na-CO<SUB>2</SUB> quasi-molecules. The reduced absorption coefficient K((sigma) ) at frequency (sigma) equals (sigma) <SUB>0</SUB> + (Delta) (sigma) is calculated as corresponding to the radiation from molecules with internuclear separation R, where hc(sigma) equals V<SUP>A,B</SUP> - V<SUP>X</SUP>. As a first approximation, all the three potentials are presented in the shape of a (6,12)-Lennard-Jones potential. The constants C<SUB>6</SUB> and C<SUB>12</SUB> are determined as independent variables by minimization of the sum of squared deviations between measured and calculated K((sigma) ). Four versions of minimization were considered successively: (1) only red wing, (2) only blue wing (3) both blue and red wings with 6 independent variables (C<SUB>6</SUB> and C<SUB>12</SUB>), and (4) both wings with fixed C<SUB>6</SUB>. The calculated K((Delta) (sigma) ) are compared to the measured ones.
Pregnancy: Induction of abortion in the second trimester by a combination of misoprostol and mifepristone: a randomized comparison between two misoprostol regimens (1995)

The combination of mifepristone (RU486) and prostaglandin is effective in the induction of abortion in the second trimester. The optimal regimen is still under development, but is likely to be characterized by a short induction-to-abortion interval, low incidence of side-effects and high acceptability. We have investigated further whether misoprostol, a synthetic prostaglandin E1 analogue, can reliably induce second trimester abortion in 70 women pre-treated with mifepristone, and whether different routes of administration affect the induction-to-abortion interval. Abortion was achieved in 97% [95% confidence interval (CI) 90-100%] of cases without resort to other prostaglandin agents. The mean induction abortion time for the studied population was 6.4 h (95% CI 5.6-7.0 h). No significant difference was found between two different routes of administration, namely vaginal versus a combination of vaginal and oral. Misoprostol has a number of advantages over other prostaglandin preparations. We recommend that, following pre-treatment with mifepristone, misoprostol is used as the prostaglandin of choice to induce abortion in the second trimester.
SU‐E‐J‐130: ViewRay Real‐Time Imaging of a Motion Phantom and In‐Vivo Canine Patients (2014)

Purpose: To test the sub‐second imaging achieved with ViewRay for accuracy and ability to track real‐time target motion during treatment delivery. Methods: A motion phantom incorporating MR compatibility was designed using the QUASAR Respiratory Motion Phantom. A silicon di‐electric gel poured into a cylindrical shape was used as the target, connected to the motor via a rod. The target was driven with a sinusoidal trajectory of 20 mm amplitude. The cycle length was varied from 3 to 9 seconds per cycle. Images were acquired in the sagittal plane every 0.25 seconds and processed in MATLAB. Morphological‐based automatic contouring identified the target through intensity thresholds and smoothing via erosion and dilation on each frame. The trajectory, y(n), was plotted using the centroid of each contour as an estimate of position and was fitted to a sinusoidal curve with four fitting parameters. The resultant amplitude, angular frequency, and cross‐sectional area were compared with the expected quantity. Motion tracking was also tested in canine patients. Both automatic and manual contouring on each frame was used to obtain a trajectory. Results: The average measured amplitude over each trajectory was 20.3±0.1mm, within 2% of the known amplitude. The expected angular frequency, calculated from 2 π /T, agreed with the measured value within 2% for each trajectory. The average recorded cross‐sectional area was 3.9±0.2 cm². which matches with the expected 3.9 cm². Finally, the cine images from the canine study had sufficient image quality to quantify motion and track target trajectories. Conclusion: Over the range of cycle lengths representing a wide range of breathing rates in patients, very good agreement was observed between the expected and measured target trajectory. Clinically relevant quantitative motion data can be extracted from the cine images.
Untersuchungen zur Bedeutung erhöhter IgG4 Serumspiegel in zwei großen unabhängigen europäischen Kohorten mit 345 Patienten mit primär sklerosierender Cholangitis (PSC) (2012)

Einleitung: PSC-Patienten mit erhöhten IgG4 Serumspiegeln (PSC-IgG4+) zeigen nach neueren US- amerikanischen Studien einen aggressiveren Verlauf als Patienten mit „klassischer“ PSC ohne erhöhte IgG4 Serumspiegel. Vergleichbare europäische Daten existieren bisher nicht.
Prevalence of Carbapenemase-Producing Organisms at the Kidney Center of Rawalpindi (Pakistan) and Evaluation of an Advanced Molecular Microarray-Based Carbapenemase Assay (2018)

Our prevalence data from Pakistan show that - as in other parts of the world - carbapenemase-producing organisms with different underlying resistance mechanisms are emerging, and this warrants intensified and constant surveillance.
Ku is a 5′-dRP/AP lyase that excises nucleotide damage near broken ends (2020)

Mammalian cells require Nonhomologous end joining (NHEJ) for efficient repair of chromosomal DNA double-strand breaks1. A key feature of biological sources of strand breaks is associated nucleotide damage, including base loss (abasic or AP sites)2. At single strand breaks, 5' terminal abasic sites are excised by pol β's 5'dRP lyase activity3,4,5,6: we show here in vitro and in cells that accurate and efficient repair by NHEJ of double-strand breaks with such damage similarly requires 5'dRP/AP lyase activity (Figure 1a). Classically defined NHEJ is moreover uniquely effective at coupling this end-cleaning step to joining in cells, helping distinguish this pathway from otherwise robust alternate NHEJ pathways. Surprisingly, the NHEJ factor Ku can be identified as an effective 5'dRP/AP lyase. Similar to other lyases7, Ku nicks DNA 3' of an abasic site by a mechanism involving a Schiff base covalent intermediate with the abasic site. We demonstrate using cell extracts that Ku is essential for efficient removal of AP sites near double-strand breaks and, consistent with this result, joining of such breaks is specifically reduced in cells complemented with a lyase-attenuated Ku mutant. Ku had previously been presumed only to recognize ends and recruit other factors that processed ends; our data supports an unexpected direct role for Ku in end processing steps as well.
Mesenchymal-Stromal Cell-like Melanoma-Associated Fibroblasts Increase IL-10 Production by Macrophages in a Cyclooxygenase/Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase-Dependent Manner (2021)

Melanoma-associated fibroblasts (MAFs) are integral parts of melanoma, providing a protective network for melanoma cells. The phenotypical and functional similarities between MAFs and mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) prompted us to investigate if, similarly to MSCs, MAFs are capable of modulating macrophage functions. Using immunohistochemistry, we showed that MAFs and macrophages are in intimate contact within the tumor stroma. We then demonstrated that MAFs indeed are potent inducers of IL-10 production in various macrophage types in vitro, and this process is greatly augmented by the presence of treatment-naïve and chemotherapy-treated melanoma cells. MAFs derived from thick melanomas appear to be more immunosuppressive than those cultured from thin melanomas. The IL-10 increasing effect is mediated, at least in part, by cyclooxygenase and indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase. Our data indicate that MAF-induced IL-10 production in macrophages may contribute to melanoma aggressiveness, and targeting the cyclooxygenase and indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase pathways may abolish MAF-macrophage interactions.
Asymptotic Optimality of Constant-Order Policies for Lost Sales Inventory Models with Large Lead Times (2016)

Lost sales inventory models with large lead times, which arise in many practical settings, are notoriously difficult to optimize due to the curse of dimensionality. In this paper, we show that when lead times are large, a very simple constant-order policy, first studied by Reiman, performs nearly optimally. The main insight of our work is that when the lead time is very large, such a significant amount of randomness is injected into the system between when an order for more inventory is placed and when the order is received, that “being smart” algorithmically provides almost no benefit. Our main proof technique combines a novel coupling for suprema of random walks with arguments from queueing theory.
Whole exome sequencing identifies mutations in 10% of familial non-syndromic cleft lip and/or palate patients in genes mutated in well-known syndromes (2019)

51st Conference of the European-Society-of-Human-Genetics (ESHG) in conjunction with the European Meeting on Psychosocial Aspects of Genetics (EMPAG), Milan, ITALY, JUN 16-19, 2018
A fatal yellow fever virus infection in China: description and lessons (2016)

Yellow fever (YF) is a viral disease endemic to the tropical regions of Africa and South America. An outbreak of YF has been occurring in Angola, since the beginning of 2016. In March 2016, a 32-year-old Chinese man who returned from Angola was hospitalized and diagnosed with the first case of imported YF in China. Clinical observations, blood viral RNA detection, serological testing and treatments for the patient were performed daily. The virus was isolated in Vero cells, and the complete viral genome was sequenced and analyzed using the next-generation genomic sequencing platform. The patient presented with hemorrhagic fever, jaundice and oliguria at day 3 after onset, which rapidly progressed to multisystem organ failure with extremely elevated liver, pancreatic and myocardial enzymes. The patient died despite the intensive supportive treatments that were performed. A liver biopsy showed severe and multilobular necrosis. Viral RNA was detectable throughout the clinical course of the disease. Whole-genomic sequence analysis revealed that the virus belongs to the Angola71 genotype. Although the virus has been circulating in Angola for 45 years, only 14 amino-acid substitutions and no amino-acid changes were observed in the membrane and envelope proteins compared with the virus collected in 1971. The presence of this imported YF case in China indicated that with the increase in business travel among countries, YF outbreaks in Africa can lead to the international spread of the disease. The production and use of YF vaccines is, therefore, an urgent issue.
FNIT: the fast neutron imaging telescope for SNM detection (2006)

We report on recent progress in the development of the <i>Fast Neutron Imaging Telescope</i> (FNIT), a detector with both imaging and energy measurement capabilities, sensitive to neutrons in the 2-20 MeV range. FNIT was initially conceived to study solar neutrons as a candidate design for the Solar Sentinels program under formulation at NASA. This instrument is now being configured to locate fission neutron sources for homeland security purposes. By accurately identifying the position of the neutron source with imaging techniques and reconstructing the energy spectrum of fission neutrons, FNIT can locate problematic amounts of Special Nuclear Material (SNM), including heavily shielded and masked samples. The detection principle is based on multiple elastic neutron-proton (n-p) scatterings in organic scintillators. By reconstructing the n-p event locations and sequence and measuring the recoil proton energies, the direction and energy spectrum of the primary neutron flux can be determined and neutron point sources identified. The performance of FNIT is being evaluated through a series of Monte Carlo simulations and lab tests of detector prototypes. The Science Model One (SM1) of this instrument was recently assembled and is presently undergoing performance testing.