gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Grid-Fault Control Scheme for Three-Phase Photovoltaic Inverters With Adjustable Power Quality Characteristics (2010)

The power quality of a three-phase photovoltaic (PV) inverter drastically deteriorates in the presence of grid faults with unbalanced voltages. A ripple in the injected power and an increase in the current harmonic distortion are the main noticeable adverse effects produced by this abnormal grid situation. Several grid-fault control schemes are nowadays available for operating under unbalanced grid voltage. These control schemes usually have extreme power quality characteristics. Some of them have been conceived to completely avoid power ripple during unbalanced voltage sags, but at an expense of high current harmonic distortion. With other schemes, the harmonic distortion is totally eliminated but at an expense of high ripple in the injected power. This paper further explores the performance of PV inverters under unbalanced voltage sags. It has three theoretical contributions: 1) a generalized control scheme, which includes the aforementioned grid-fault controllers as particular cases; 2) a control strategy based on the use of continuous values for the control parameters. This original approach gives adjustable power quality characteristics that cannot be achieved with the previous control schemes; 3) three different control algorithms for calculating the continuous values of the control parameters. These contributions are experimentally validated with a digital signal processor-based laboratory prototype.
Inhibition of cholesterol biosynthesis by fluorinated mevalonate analogs (1987)

The conversion of mevalonate to cholesterol in rat liver homogenates (IC50 = 0.01-1.0 mM) is inhibited by 6- (I), 6,6-di- (II), and 6,6,6-trifluoromevalonate (III), as well as 4,4-difluoromevalonate (IV). Addition of compound I, III, or IV to rat liver homogenates results in the accumulation of 5-phospho- and 5-pyrophosphomevalonate. The conversion of isopentenyl pyrophosphate to cholesterol is not inhibited by the fluorinated analogues. It thus appears likely that the decarboxylation of mevalonate 5-pyrophosphate is inhibited. Rat liver homogenates catalyze the phosphorylation of I and III. The inhibition of the decarboxylation of mevalonate 5-pyrophosphate by I and III was demonstrated directly with partially purified decarboxylase. Compound I is a remarkably effective inhibitor of the decarboxylation (Ki = 10 nM). Similar results were reported by Nave et al. [Nave, J. F., d'Orchymont, H., Ducep, J. B., Piriou F., & Jung, M. J. (1985) Biochem. J. 227, 247]. It is likely that the phosphorylated or pyrophosphorylated forms of all inhibitors tested are responsible for inhibition. We also describe a chemical method for the synthesis of mevalonate 5-pyrophosphate.
The raf kinase inhibitor sorafenib inhibits Jak-STAT signal transduction in human immune cells (2008)

1434 Sorafenib is a novel anti-cancer agent that functions through its direct effects on tumor cells, namely via its ability to inhibit Raf kinase activity. This drug has shown efficacy in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma. Recent efforts have focused on its administration in combination with immunomodulatory cytokines such as IL- 2 and interferon-alpha (IFN-a), which also have efficacy in this disease. We hypothesized that sorafenib may have inhibitory effects upon immune effector cells, thereby impacting their responsiveness to endogenous and exogenous cytokines. Phosphorylation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1) and STAT5 in response to IFN-a and IL-2 was evaluated by intracellular flow cytometry and validated via immunoblot analysis. Pre-treatment of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) with sorafenib (10 uM) resulted in decreased phosphorylation of STAT1 (pSTAT1) following treatment with 10 5 U/mL IFN-a (Mean % pSTAT1 positive cells = 9.9 ± 7.1% for sorafenib pre-treatment vs. 89 ± 0.64% for vehicle pre-treatment). Pre-treatment of PBMC with sorafenib (10 uM) resulted in reduced phosphorylation of STAT5 (pSTAT5) following treatment with 8 nM IL-2 (Mean % pSTAT5 positive cells = 3.8 ± 2.9% for sorafenib pre-treatment vs. 78 ± 6.3% for vehicle pre-treatment, p 6 U/mL could not overcome the inhibitory effects of sorafenib pre-treatment of PBMC. Pre-treatment of PBMC with sorafenib also inhibited the expression of OAS1 and IFIT2, which are IFN-a regulated genes (mean fold induction = 24 ±5.2 and 3421 ±829 respectively in sorafenib pre-treated vs. 54 ±10 and 8454 ±1253 respectively in vehicle pre-treated cells). Similar reductions in IL-2 responsive genes (IFN-gamma, CIS, PIM-1) were also observed following sorafenib pre-treatment of PBMC. PBMC obtained from patients receiving 400 mg of sorafenib twice daily also show decreased responsiveness to IL-2 and IFN-a treatment in vitro as evidenced by decreased phosphorylation of STAT1 and STAT2 compared to pretreatment levels. We conclude that sorafenib can act as a potent inhibitor of cytokine-induced signal transduction in off-target cells, such as immune effector cells. These data suggest that the order in which the combinations of sorafenib and immunomodulatory cytokines are administered will be critical to obtaining the maximum clinical benefit.
Fabrication of ZnO-nanowire-coated thin-foil targets for ultra-high intensity laser interaction experiments (2021)

The coupling of ultra-intense, ultra-short laser pulses with solid targets is heavily dependent on the properties of the vacuum–solid interface and is usually quite low. However, laser absorption can be enhanced via micro or nanopatterning of the target surface. Depending on the laser features and target geometry, conditions can be optimized for the generation of hot dense matter, which can be used to produce high-brightness radiation sources or even to accelerate particles to relativistic energies. In this context, ZnO nanowires were grown on metallic, thin-foil targets. The use of a thin-foil substrate was dictated by the need to achieve proton acceleration via target normal sheath acceleration at the rear side. The chemical process parameters were studied in-depth to provide control over the nanowire size, shape, and distribution. Moreover, the manufacturing process was optimized to provide accurate reproducibility of key parameters in the widest possible range and good homogeneity across the entire foil area.
Simple Cubic Packing of Gold Nanoparticles through Rational Design of Their Dendrimeric Corona (2011)

The first simple-cubic liquid crystal was obtained by coating monodisperse Au nanoparticles (NPs) with a thick corona of amino-substituted organic dendrons. This unusual structure was determined by grazing-incidence diffraction and electron density reconstruction and explained by analyzing the radial density profile of the corona. Another novel structure is proposed for the phase preceding the cubic one: a hexagonal superlattice composed of alternating dense and sparse strings of Au NPs.
In vivo biocompatibility evaluation of nickel-titanium shape memory metal alloy: Muscle and perineural tissue responses and encapsule membrane thickness (1998)

Nickel-titanium shape memory alloy (Nitinol) has properties that could be very useful in surgical applications. Thermal shape memory, superelasticity, and high damping properties make such alloys behave differently compared to other implant metals. There has previously been a lack of sufficient evidence on the biocompatibility of Nitinol. The purpose of this study was to evaluate general soft tissue response and biocompatibility to Nitinol in vivo, and to clarify neural and perineural responses, previously unreported. Seventy-five rats were randomized into three groups. Test specimens were implanted into paravertebral muscle and near the sciatic nerve. A comparison was made between Nitinol, stainless steel, and Ti-6Al-4V. The animals were euthanized at 2, 4, 8, 12, and 26 weeks after implantation. General morphologic and histologic observations were made under light microscopy. Semiautomatic computerized image analysis was used to measure the encapsule membrane thickness around the implants. The muscular tissue response to Nitinol was clearly nontoxic, regardless of the time period. The overall inflammatory response to Nitinol was very similar to that of stainless steel and Ti-6Al-4V alloy. There were no necroses, granulomas, or signs of dystrophic soft tissue clacification. The immune cell response to Nitinol remained low. Only a few foreign-body giant cells were present. The detected neural and perineural responses were also clearly nontoxic and nonirritating with Nitinol. No qualitative differences in histology between the different test materials could be seen. At 8 weeks, the encapsule membrane of Nitinol was thicker than that of stainless steel (mean 62 +/- 25 microns vs. 41 +/- 8 microns). At the end of the study, the encapsule thickness was equal to all the materials tested. We concluded that Nitinol had good in vivo biocompatibility after intramuscular and perineural implantation in rats in the 26-week follow-up. Based on the results of the present study, Nitinol appears to have good potential for clinical use.
Fabrication of Superhydrophobic Surface on Magnesium Alloy (2007)

Abstract A stable biomimetic superhydrophobic surface on magnesium alloy was fabricated by microarc oxidation pretreatment and followed by chemical modification based on lotus effect. The as-prepared surface showed an interesting micro- and nanoscale binary structure, exhibiting a good superhydrophobic property with a water contact angle larger than 150° and a water sliding angle less than 8°.
Ecological sustainability and personal behaviour: Relations demonstrated by the decision-making process of selecting a certain transportation mean (1998)

Up to now strategies and approaches of solving environmental problems facing the aim of sustainability have been primarily focussed on improving the ecological qualitiy of products, processes and technologies and on the discussion of structural changes in ecologically relevant sectors such as energy use, industry, tourism and traffic policy. Only few emphasis has been placed on the fact that the extent of environmental demands and ecological stresses is not only a consequence of certain factual or structural conditions but it is also essentially determined by varying human behavior patterns. Technologies and structures are not ecologically effective by themselves; their environmental relevance strongly depends on the persons way of acting within the prevailing systems. Accordingly it should become more evident in the political discussion and even in environmental research activities, that apart from technical and structural changes also changes of personal behavior patterns play an important role on the way to sustainability. Recognizing the importance of that perspective psychological and social theories about the generation of personal behavior als well as theoretical models of learning can offer useful indications concerning the intrapersonal and extrapersonal preconditions of environmentally orientated sustainable acting. With reference to the decision-making process of selecting a certain transportation mean the influences of rational and emotional factors and obstacles to ecologically sustainable personal acting should be examplary demonstrated. At the same time very effective points of departure for behavior changing can be identifed.
Characterization of Fibers Produced from Blends of Polybutylene and Polypropylene (2007)

Blends of polybutylene (PB-1) and polypropylene were used to produce fibers at spinning speeds of 800–2100 m/min. Concentrations ranged from 0% PP to 100% PP. The stress-strain behavior of the resultant fibers was examined, and the fibers were analyzed for crystallinity via DSC (differential scanning calorimetry). Fibers produced from blends of PB-1/PP show mechanical properties that are in between the properties of the pure polymers. The tensile strength of 50% PB-1 fibers is comparable to the tensile strength of pure PP fibers. Fibers produced from blend compositions of 25 and 75% have higher tensile strengths than pure PP fibers, although these blend compositions have lower tensile strengths than pure PB fibers.
SHORT-TERM EFFECTS OF OESTRADIOL BENZOATE IN NORMAL, HYPOPHYSECTOMIZED AND ALLOXAN-DIABETIC MALE RATS (1974)

SUMMARY Studies were undertaken to determine the effects and possible mode of action of 17β-oestradiol benzoate (OEB) in alloxan-diabetic male rats. Adlibitum or pair-fed normal, diabetic, and hypophysectomized rats received daily subcutaneous injections of 10 μg OEB for 10 days. In normal rats, OEB decreased plasma glucose, increased plasma immunoreactive insulin, growth hormone and corticosteroid levels, increased pancreatic β-cell granulation, and enhanced glucose stimulation of insulin release in vitro . In alloxan-diabetic rats, OEB treatment decreased urinary glucose excretion, increased plasma growth hormone and corticosteroid levels and slightly enlarged the pancreatic islets of Langerhans. In hypophysectomized rats, OEB decreased plasma glucose, increased plasma insulin levels, and slightly enlarged the pancreatic islets of Langerhans. These results suggest that OEB affects experimental diabetes by a direct action on the pancreas, promoting insulin formation, and possibly by an indirect action mediated through hypophysial secretions.
Correlation-based motion vector processing for motion compensated frame interpolation (2008)

In this paper, a novel correlation-based motion vector processing method is proposed for motion compensated frame interpolation. We first address the problem of unreliable motion vectors due to low correlation. Unlike other motion vector processing methods using vector median filter, we proposed using bidirectional prediction difference to select the best motion vectors with constraint on increasing motion vector correlation. Furthermore, to reduce the blockiness artifacts while maintaining edges, we use an adaptive vector averaging filter to obtain a finer motion field by taking motion vector correlation into account. Experimental results show that the proposed scheme outperforms other methods in terms of visual quality and PSNR performance.
Neurodegenerative Differences in the Retinas of Male and Female Patients with Type 2 Diabetes (2012)

Neuroretinal function is more abnormal in males than in females for adults with type 2 diabetes and no retinopathy. These results suggest that, relative to males, females may have some protection from, or resistance to, neurodegenerative changes that precede the development of background retinopathy in type 2 diabetes.
Experimental study of a stationary laser−sustained air plasma (1975)

An experiment was performed to determine the temperature distribution within a stationary plasma in atmospheric air produced by a continuously operating CO2 laser. A peak temperature of 17000 °K (±5%) was found to exist at a point 1.1 cm ahead of the focal point. The radiation surrounding the hot plasma core was found to consist primarily of the first negative system of nitrogen.
Synthesis of Polyenes. III. Prototropic Rearrangements in β-Ionols and Related Compounds (1953)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis of Polyenes. III. Prototropic Rearrangements in β-Ionols and Related CompoundsWilliam Oroshnik, Alexander D. Mebane, and George KarmasCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1953, 75, 5, 1050–1058Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1953Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1953https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01101a013https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01101a013research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views121Altmetric-Citations27LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Energy-efficient cluster-head selection with fuzzy logic for robotic fish swarm (2015)

Saving energy is an imperative problem in the design and operation of robotic fish swarm because each fish has limited power source and cannot be conveniently replaced in aquatic environment. A novel method is proposed for energy conservation. This is to make use of cluster structure to group the fish into clusters. Therefore, it is essential to elect part of robotic fish swarm to turn into cluster heads in order to group clusters though selecting these cluster heads is not easy due to the characteristics of robotic fish swarm. An energy-saving cluster head method with fuzzy logic is proposed, aiming to intelligently appoint cluster heads in robotic fish swarm for saving energy and extending the network lifetime. Three input linguistic variables are employed, which include residual energy of fish, fish mobility and position. The fish which has higher residual energy, less mobility and appropriate position will get more opportunity to turn into the cluster heads. Simulation results displays that this method can prolong the robotic fish swarm lifetime, reduce energy consumption, and outperform LEACH-M.
Data from Steroid Hormone Receptor and Infiltrating Immune Cell Status Reveals Therapeutic Vulnerabilities of <i>ESR1</i>-Mutant Breast Cancer (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;Mutations in &lt;i&gt;ESR1&lt;/i&gt; that confer constitutive estrogen receptor alpha (ER) activity in the absence of ligand are acquired by ≥40% of metastatic breast cancers (MBC) resistant to adjuvant aromatase inhibitor (AI) therapy. To identify targetable vulnerabilities in MBC, we examined steroid hormone receptors and tumor-infiltrating immune cells in metastatic lesions with or without ER mutations. ER and progesterone receptor (PR) were significantly lower in metastases with wild-type (WT) ER compared with those with mutant ER, suggesting that metastases that evade AI therapy by mechanism(s) other than acquiring ER mutations lose dependency on ER and PR. Metastases with mutant ER had significantly higher T regulatory and Th cells, total macrophages, and programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1)-positive immune-suppressive macrophages than those with WT ER. Breast cancer cells with CRISPR-Cas9–edited ER (D538G, Y537S, or WT) and patient-derived xenografts harboring mutant or WT ER revealed genes and proteins elevated in mutant ER cells, including androgen receptor (AR), chitinase-3-like protein 1 (CHI3L1), and IFN-stimulated genes (ISG). Targeting these proteins blunted the selective advantage of ER-mutant tumor cells to survive estrogen deprivation, anchorage independence, and invasion. Thus, patients with mutant ER MBC might respond to standard-of-care fulvestrant or other selective ER degraders when combined with AR or CHI3L1 inhibition, perhaps with the addition of immunotherapy.&lt;/p&gt;Significance:&lt;p&gt;Targetable alterations in MBC, including AR, CHI3L1, and ISG, arise following estrogen-deprivation, and ER-mutant metastases may respond to immunotherapies due to elevated PD-L1&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt; macrophages.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;i&gt;See related article by Arnesen et al., p. 539&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Implementing the decoy state protocol in a practically oriented Quantum Key Distribution system-level model (2017)

Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) is an emerging cybersecurity technology that exploits the laws of quantum mechanics to generate unconditionally secure symmetric cryptographic keying material. The unique nature of QKD shows promise for high-security environments such as those found in banking, government, and the military. However, QKD systems often have implementation non-idealities that can negatively impact their performance and security. This article describes the development of a system-level model designed to study implementation non-idealities in commercially available decoy state enabled QKD systems. Specifically, this paper provides a detailed discussion of the decoy state protocol, its implementation, and its usage to detect sophisticated attacks, such as the photon number splitting attack. In addition, this work suggests an efficient and repeatable systems engineering methodology for understanding and studying communications protocols, architectures, operational configurations, and implementation tradeoffs in complex cyber systems.
Automatic View Synthesis by Image-Domain-Warping (2013)

Today, stereoscopic 3D (S3D) cinema is already mainstream, and almost all new display devices for the home support S3D content. S3D distribution infrastructure to the home is already established partly in the form of 3D Blu-ray discs, video on demand services, or television channels. The necessity to wear glasses is, however, often considered as an obstacle, which hinders broader acceptance of this technology in the home. Multiviewautostereoscopic displays enable a glasses free perception of S3D content for several observers simultaneously, and support head motion parallax in a limited range. To support multiviewautostereoscopic displays in an already established S3D distribution infrastructure, a synthesis of new views from S3D video is needed. In this paper, a view synthesis method based on image-domain-warping (IDW) is presented that automatically synthesizes new views directly from S3D video and functions completely. IDW relies on an automatic and robust estimation of sparse disparities and image saliency information, and enforces target disparities in synthesized images using an image warping framework. Two configurations of the view synthesizer in the scope of a transmission and view synthesis framework are analyzed and evaluated. A transmission and view synthesis system that uses IDW is recently submitted to MPEG's call for proposals on 3D video technology, where it is ranked among the four best performing proposals.
Tailoring Permeability of Microporous Copper Structures through Template Sintering (2018)

Microporous metals are used extensively for applications that combine convective and conductive transport and benefit from low resistance to both modes of transport. Conventional fabrication methods, such as direct sintering of metallic particles, however, often produce structures with limited fluid transport properties due to the lack of control over pore morphologies such as the pore size and porosity. Here, we demonstrate control and improvement of hydraulic permeability of microporous copper structures fabricated using template-assisted electrodeposition. Template sintering is shown to modify the fluid transport network in a manner that increases permeability by nearly an order of magnitude with a less significant decrease (∼38%) in thermal conductivity. The measured permeabilities range from 4.8 × 10<sup>-14</sup> to 1.3 × 10<sup>-12</sup> m<sup>2</sup> with 5 μm pores, with the peak value being roughly 5 times larger than the published values for sintered copper particles of comparable feature sizes. Analysis indicates that the enhancement of permeability is limited by constrictions, i.e., bottlenecks between connecting pores, whose dimensions are highly sensitive to the sintering conditions. We further show contrasting trends in permeability versus conductivity of the electrodeposited microporous copper and conventional sintered copper particles and suggest these differing trends to be the result of their inverse structural relationship.