gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Neurosurgical approach to the cerebral cortex for acute and chronic cortical simulation and recording studies in minipigs and sheep (2014)

Comparison of the neuroanatomy of the minipig, the pig and the sheep with respect to a neurosurgical approach to the cerebral cortex.
Multiple Absolute Stereocontrol in Cascade Lactone Formation via Dynamic Kinetic Resolution Driven by the Asymmetric Transfer Hydrogenation of Keto Acids with Oxo-Tethered Ruthenium Catalysts (2019)

A straightforward asymmetric construction of chiral fused γ- and δ-lactones containing multiple contiguous stereocenters was successfully developed by either (1) the dynamic kinetic resolution-asymmetric transfer hydrogenation (DKR-ATH) reaction using oxo-tethered Ru(II) complexes followed by <i>syn</i>-selective lactonization or (2) the tandem DKR-ATH/lactonization in combination with asymmetric hydrogenation catalyzed by Ru-chiral diphosphine complexes. The expedient protocol is applicable to the enantioselective synthesis of natural wine lactone and a biologically active benzo-fused lactone with an unprecedented level of diastereo- and enantioselectivity.
Elastic Recovery of Conical Indentations (1961)

This paper discusses the changes in shape which occur when a hard conical indenter is pressed into a metal (to form a plastic indentation) and then withdrawn. It is shown that there is little change in the diameter of the indentation during withdrawal but a decrease in its depth. This may be expressed analytically in terms of the elastic constants of the metal and there is reasonable agreement between the theoretical and observed changes in depth. The elastic energy released when the indenter is withdrawn may be calculated and it is shown that this accounts quantitatively for the elastic rebound observed when a conical indenter strikes an elasto-plastic metal. The analysis is also applied to the experimental results given by Davis and Hunter in 1959.
On developing responsible leaders (2018)

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to present a methodology to develop responsible leaders through developing their response-ability within the context of their day-to-day lives that addresses the existing disconnect between the knowledge about responsible leadership and its practice. Design/methodology/approach The responsible leadership development methodology begins by helping individuals increase their awareness of their impact on others based on how they are relating and responding to them. This is facilitated through individuals engaging in self-reflexivity and reflection on relationships for which they want to be responsible. Then individuals experiment with and take responsibility for how they are relating and responding within the relationships. Finally, they engage in self-reflexivity and reflection to make sense of the experience to develop practical wisdom and the response-ability that will allow them to become more responsible leaders. Findings Students that completed an MBA leadership course that employed the responsible leadership development methodology overwhelmingly reported that their response-ability improved in ways that allowed them to become more responsible for their actions, impact on others, relationships and the reality they co-construct with others, as well as becoming a more responsible person. Research limitations/implications The research is based on an MBA class of 24 students, only a few of whom currently occupied organizational leadership positions. Originality/value The presented leadership development methodology facilitates the development of responsible leaders through developing their ability and commitment to act responsibly within the context of their day-to-day lives.
Dynamics of transfer of electron excitation in a donor-acceptor system with a carbon chain and ways of its relaxation (2017)

The optical properties and dynamics of transport of electron excitation and the ways of its relaxation in the supramolecular D--A complex on the basis of merocyanines have been investigated. There have been found two components in the transfer of charge: fast and slow, which correspond to different conformational states of the carbon chain in merocyanines. It was found that the main photoluminescence of the studied molecular solutions of merocyanines by its nature is similar to the exciplex luminescence, as a manifestation of resonant and charge transfer interaction in an excited state. The lifetime in this state is about 2000 ps.
Dental material artifacts on MR images. (1988)

Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging of the head and neck is becoming an important aid in evaluating pathologic conditions of the brain, midface, and pharynx. Certain dental materials cause artifacts during MR imaging of the lower midface. These artifacts can obscure the normal anatomy. This study describes the degree of artifact production caused by various materials commonly used in dental restorations. Of the materials tested, those causing artifacts were made of stainless steel, such as orthodontic bands used for braces, and pins or posts that are commonly drilled into teeth to provide structure or stability before filling. Materials used as temporary or permanent fillings or crowns--such as amalgam, gold alloy, aluminum, microfilled resin, and polyvinyl acrylics--did not cause artifacts in the images.
A 2.6mW 6b 2.2GS/s 4-times interleaved fully dynamic pipelined ADC in 40nm digital CMOS (2010)

Communication in the unlicensed frequency band around 60GHz requires a very fast ADC with low resolution. We present a four-way interleaved converter, of which one channel is shown in Fig. 16.3.1, for these requirements. Dynamic pipelined conversion enables low power quantization at high speed with low input capacitance but requires calibration. A folding front-end halves the required calibration effort.
Sodorifen Biosynthesis in the Rhizobacterium Serratia plymuthica Involves Methylation and Cyclization of MEP-Derived Farnesyl Pyrophosphate by a SAM-Dependent C-Methyltransferase (2018)

The rhizobacterium Serratia plymuthica 4Rx13 releases a unique polymethylated hydrocarbon (C<sub>16</sub>H<sub>26</sub>) with a bicyclo[3.2.1]octadiene skeleton called sodorifen. Sodorifen production depends on a gene cluster carrying a C-methyltransferase and a terpene cyclase along with two enzymes of the 2- C-methyl-d-erythritol 4-phosphate (MEP) pathway of isoprenoid biosynthesis. Comparative analysis of wild-type and mutant volatile organic compound profiles revealed a C-methyltransferase-dependent C<sub>16</sub> alcohol called pre-sodorifen, the production of which is upregulated in the terpene cyclase mutant. The monocyclic structure of this putative intermediate in sodorifen biosynthesis was identified by NMR spectroscopy. In vitro assays with the heterologously expressed S. plymuthica C-methyltransferase and terpene cyclase demonstrated that these enzymes act sequentially to convert farnesyl pyrophosphate (FPP) into sodorifen via a pre-sodorifen pyrophosphate intermediate, indicating that the S-adenosyl methionine (SAM)-dependent C-methyltransferase from S. plymuthica exhibits unprecedented cyclase activity. In vivo incorporation experiments with <sup>13</sup>C-labeled succinate, l-alanine, and l-methionine confirmed a MEP pathway to FPP via the canonical glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate and pyruvate, as well as its SAM-dependent methylation in pre-sodorifen and sodorifen biosynthesis. <sup>13</sup>C{<sup>1</sup>H} NMR spectroscopy facilitated the localization of <sup>13</sup>C labels and provided detailed insights into the biosynthetic pathway from FPP via pre-sodorifen pyrophosphate to sodorifen.
Structure and dynamics of surfactant-based foams (2008)

In nearly all areas in which surfactant containing systems are used, the tailoring of the foam performance of the products according to specific demands or needs during the application plays a major role. In detergency or cleansing processes, systems with rather low or no foaming abilities are requested. On the other hand, in the cosmetics industry the foam performance of body and hair care products have to be optimized so that the consumer will subjectively experience a most positive optical and sensorial impression during the application. From the colloid chemistry or physics point of view, parameters like surface tension, surface elasticity and surface viscosity, etc. are responsible for the adjustment of the desired foam properties of the systems. For dynamic processes, e.g. the generation of foam, not only equilibrium data, but kinetic parameters like the dynamic surface tension have to be regarded. This paper will summarize the results of studies of the dynamic surface tension of different surfactants. A correlation has been found between the dynamic surface tension and results from a newly developed foam test, which is in excellent agreement with foam properties in application tests. The importance of the study will be demonstrated by two different types of product developments: —a new detergent with optimized foam properties, —hair shampoo application and correlation to the subjective consumer impression.
Kidney Function Influences Warfarin Responsiveness and Hemorrhagic Complications (2009)

Although management of warfarin is challenging for patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), no prospective studies have compared response to warfarin among patients with minimal, moderate, and severe CKD. This secondary analysis of a prospective cohort of 578 patients evaluated the influence of kidney function on warfarin dosage, anticoagulation control, and risk for hemorrhagic complications. We adjusted all multivariable regression and proportional hazard analyses for clinical and genetic factors. Patients with severe CKD (estimated GFR <30 ml/min per 1.73 kg/m2) required significantly lower warfarin dosages (P = 0.0002), spent less time with their international normalized ratio within the target range (P = 0.049), and were at a higher risk for overanticoagulation (international normalized ratio >4; P = 0.052), compared with patients with no, mild, or moderate CKD. Patients with severe CKD had a risk for major hemorrhage more than double that of patients with lesser degrees of renal dysfunction (hazard ratio 2.4, 95% confidence interval 1.1 to 5.3). In conclusion, patients with reduced kidney function require lower dosages of warfarin, have poorer control of anticoagulation, and are at a higher risk for major hemorrhage. These observations suggest that warfarin may need to be initiated at a lower dosage and monitored more closely in patients with moderate or severe CKD compared with the general population. Diminished renal function may have implications for a larger proportion of warfarin users than previously estimated.
New Product Forecasting Tools Find a Home in Telecommunications Credit Scoring (1998)

In a recent February address before the Freedom Forum at Georgetown University, Federal Communications Commission Chairman Reed E. Hunt gave a concise summary for the impact of recent events within the telecommunication industry. He said, biggest change over the last several years has been a massive acceleration in the movement from a monopoly based communications policy to a competition based policy. He further added that competition has completely changed the operating environment within the telecommunication industry in recent years citing long-distance statistics (prices down by 70% since 1984) as well as those for wireless (the average monthly cellular bill down by 61% since 1988). The news is both good and bad. For the consumer, the news is good. Competition means lower prices making more products affordable. For example, products like additional phone lines for the PC have skyrocketed. Caller ID services have experienced increased penetration in recent years. However, a competitive market with falling prices means lower revenue for telecom firms. Although battling back by seeking new geographic markets oversees and implementing significant downsizing strategies, telecommunication companies are now putting more pressure on their risk managers to get the most out of their portfolios. One solution that is finding increasing acceptance is credit scoring - a toolbox of statistical procedures, very similar to those used by market researchers in forecasting the demand for a new product. In the world of new product forecasting, mathematical techniques such as linear regression and discrete choice models have been historically popular because of their flexibility, ease of understanding, and relatively inexpensive way of extracting useful information about consumer preferences and behavior. These types of forecasts typically involve using intent to purchase surveys or data from product trials to obtain penetration rates and create simulation tools for target marketing. In the credit and risk management world, much is the same. A credit score is a measure of the likelihood that a customer will become delinquent in paying their bills within a certain period of time, given knowledge of their past credit behavior. Statistical techniques incorporate a variety of predictive information into a single measure capable of rank ordering a portfolio by risk of delinquency, or in the world of a new product forecaster-the likelihood of product purchase. By using a single measure, telecommunications credit managers can quickly evaluate their portfolios and determine which customers are more risky than others. TOOLS AND TECHNIQUES Given recent increases in computing power, a number of tools and techniques are now available at the desktop level to examine credit information in a quick and understandable framework. SAS, SPSS, SHAZAM, LIMDEP, SPLUS, and other statistical software packages offer a variety of statistical techniques covering a wide range of applications. …
A Joint Network-Channel Coding Technique for Single-Hop Wireless Networks (2008)

Reliable transmission over an error-prone channel is typically accomplished via channel coding or retransmission of the lost information. In this paper, we investigate a joint network-channel coding technique to increase the bandwidth efficiency of wireless networks. In particular, we show that the proposed joint network-channel coding approach which combines the recent network coding (NC) concept with the traditional forward error correction (FEC) technique, can increase the bandwidth efficiency in single-hop wireless networks such as WLAN or WiMAX networks. We present some analytical results on the bandwidth efficiency for both broadcast and unicast scenarios. Based on these theoretical results, we provide a heuristic algorithm that dynamically selects the optimal level of FEC to be used with network coding technique for given channel conditions. For typical channel characteristics, both simulations and theoretical results confirm that the proposed joint network channel coding approach can reduce the bandwidth usage up to five times over the automatic repeat request (ARQ) technique and up to two times over the HARQ technique.
3-D image reconstruction with veiling glare correction to improve the contrast of 3-D reconstructed vascular images (1996)

The authors are developing an imaging system for three-dimensional (3-D) image analysis of vascular images. The purpose is to enhance the performance of clinicians in assessing anatomical information such as the orientation of blood vessels, cross-sectional area, surface shape and volume of vascular disease. The prototype system takes measurements in a short period of time by an X-ray rotational angiographic system using a CT gantry equipped with a cone-beam X-ray source and an image intensifier. The 3-D image reconstruction from two-dimensional (2-D) projections is performed by a short scan cone-beam filtered backprojection algorithm. The preprocessing of the 3-D image reconstruction includes the correction of the geometrical distortions and the shading artifact introduced by the image intensifier. Here, the authors present the short scan cone-beam filtered backprojection with scatter and veiling glare correction to improve the contrast sensitivity of 3-D reconstructed images. From results of the application to a patient's abdominal blood vessels, the authors show the effectiveness of these methods.
P1‐140: Targeting Early Calcium‐Mediated Pathology for AD Therapuetics (2016)

Intracellular calcium dysregulation mediated through ER channels is an early feature of AD, and is coupled to many of the later stage pathological features that drive cognitive impairments. Thus, normalizing the proximal calcium dyshomeostasis may be an effective strategy to prevent AD. Novel and existing ryanodine-receptor targeted compounds were tested on model cells and in AD mouse models for their ability to suppress excess calcium release from intracellular stores, and to prevent downstream neuropathological effects. A combination of 2-photon calcium imaging, patch clamp recording, and immunoassays were used in mice, while automated fluorescent cell plate assays were used in cultured cells. Several RyR-targeted compounds were able to selectively inhibit the abnormal ER calcium responses in model cells and in neurons from AD mouse models. These compounds also demonstrated good pharmacological properties in vitro and in vivo. Suppressing pathogenic intracellular calcium signaling during early disease stages is strategic and effective therapeutic approach to prevent the progression of AD.
Building Block Synthesis of Self-Supported Three-Dimensional Compliant Elements for Metallic Additive Manufacturing (2020)

Abstract Compliant mechanisms gain motion through the elastic deformation of the monolithic flexible elements. The geometric design freedom of metallic additive manufacturing enables the fabrication of complex and three-dimensional (3D) compliant elements within mechanisms previously too complicated to produce. However, the design of metallic additive manufactured mechanisms faces various challenges of manufacturing restrictions, such as avoiding critical overhanging geometries and minimizing the amount of support structure, which has been reported in a few cases. This paper presents a synthesis approach for translational compliant elements, involving building blocks based on leaf-type springs and covering building orientations between 0 deg and 90 deg. In particular, this range is approached by the synthesis of self-supported 3D building blocks with orientations of 0 deg, 45 deg and 90 deg. The compliant elements are built based on linear and circular plane curves and compared numerically according to their mechanical performance to create preferable building blocks. The applicability of the presented procedure and the manufacturability of the compliant mechanisms are proven by printing individual 3D building blocks and their serial aggregation with laser-based powder bed fusion. Consequently, several prototypes are demonstrated, including a bistable switch mechanism and a large displaceable rotational spring joint. In addition, a small-scale highly maneuverable segment of a surgical instrument with a grasping mechanism at the distal end is proposed.
Essential functions of the Williams-Beuren syndrome-associated TFII-I genes in embryonic development (2008)

GTF2I and GTF2IRD1 encoding the multifunctional transcription factors TFII-I and BEN are clustered at the 7q11.23 region hemizygously deleted in Williams-Beuren syndrome (WBS), a complex multisystemic neurodevelopmental disorder. Although the biochemical properties of TFII-I family transcription factors have been studied in depth, little is known about the specialized contributions of these factors in pathways required for proper embryonic development. Here, we show that homozygous loss of either Gtf2ird1 or Gtf2i function results in multiple phenotypic manifestations, including embryonic lethality; brain hemorrhage; and vasculogenic, craniofacial, and neural tube defects in mice. Further analyses suggest that embryonic lethality may be attributable to defects in yolk sac vasculogenesis and angiogenesis. Microarray data indicate that the Gtf2ird1 homozygous phenotype is mainly caused by an impairment of the genes involved in the TGFbetaRII/Alk1/Smad5 signal transduction pathway. The effect of Gtf2i inactivation on this pathway is less prominent, but downregulation of the endothelial growth factor receptor-2 gene, resulting in the deterioration of vascular signaling, most likely exacerbates the severity of the Gtf2i mutant phenotype. A subset of Gtf2ird1 and Gtf2i heterozygotes displayed microcephaly, retarded growth, and skeletal and craniofacial defects, therefore showing that haploinsufficiency of TFII-I proteins causes various developmental anomalies that are often associated with WBS.
A Water‐Soluble, NIR‐Absorbing Quaterrylenediimide Chromophore for Photoacoustic Imaging and Efficient Photothermal Cancer Therapy (2018)

Precision phototheranostics, including photoacoustic imaging and photothermal therapy, requires stable photothermal agents. Developing such agents with high stability and high photothermal conversion efficiency (PTCE) remains a considerable challenge. Herein, we introduce a new photothermal agent based on water-soluble quaterrylenediimide (QDI) that can self-assemble into nanoparticles (QDI-NPs) in aqueous solution. Incorporating polyethylene glycol (PEG) into the QDI core significantly enhances both physiological stability and biocompatibility of QDI-NPs. The highly photostable QDI-NPs offer advantages including intense absorption in the near-infrared (NIR) and high PTCE of up to 64.7±4 %. This is higher than that of commercial indocyanine green (ICG). Their small size (ca. 10 nm) enables sustained retention in deep tumor sites and also proper clearance from the body. QDI-NPs allow high-resolution photoacoustic imaging and efficient 808 nm laser-triggered photothermal therapy of cancer in vivo.
Dysfunctional gene splicing as a potential contributor to neuropsychiatric disorders (2011)

Alternative pre-mRNA splicing is a major mechanism by which the proteomic diversity of eukaryotic genomes is amplified. Much akin to neuropsychiatric disorders themselves, alternative splicing events can be influenced by genetic, developmental, and environmental factors. Here, we review the evidence that abnormalities of splicing may contribute to the liability toward these disorders. First, we introduce the phenomenon of alternative splicing and describe the processes involved in its regulation. We then review the evidence for specific splicing abnormalities in a wide range of neuropsychiatric disorders, including psychotic disorders (schizophrenia), affective disorders (bipolar disorder and major depressive disorder), suicide, substance abuse disorders (cocaine abuse and alcoholism), and neurodevelopmental disorders (autism). Next, we provide a theoretical reworking of the concept of "gene-focused" epidemiologic and neurobiologic investigations. Lastly, we suggest potentially fruitful lines for future research that should illuminate the nature, extent, causes, and consequences of alternative splicing abnormalities in neuropsychiatric disorders.
Analysis of Energy Conservation Opportunities in Glass Manufacturing Facilities (2001)

ABSTRACT This article describes the nature of the energy conservation opportunities (ECOs) found in glass manufacturing facilities. The most significant ECOs are related to insulation of heat generating surfaces, preheating the combustion air in boilers, and heat recovery and distribution. The nature of the manufacturing activities found in the glass manufacturing facilities in the states of West Virginia and Pennsylvania range from glass decorating using purchased glass to manufacturing glass from basic raw materials using the hand blown or machine based processes. The Industrial Assessment Center at West Virginia University has conducted the energy assessments at the glass manufacturing facilities between 1996 and 1999 [22,23]. The nature of the glass manufacturing plants where these ECOs were determined are described based on plant groupings reported in [10]. It is interesting to note that energy savings of 280,000 MMBtu, and a cost savings of $ 1,080,000 were determined, resulting in a payback on investment of less than 6 months. The assessment methodologies and tools are discussed.