gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Quality Measurement of Two Phase Flow with Plug Flow (2018)

In order to control refrigeration cycles employing an injection system properly, it is important to detect quality of gas–liquid two-phase refrigerant in a two-phase region of the cycle. Although there are some techniques such as using a capacitance sensor or a X-ray beam scanning to measure a cross-sectional void fraction of the gas-liquid two-phase flow in a pipe, the measurement of the quality or flow rate of each phase is quite difficult since the liquid phase and gas phase of two-phase flow flowing in a pipe have different velocities in most cases. Meanwhile, the flow through a narrow tube becomes plug flow and the velocities of gas plug and liquid plug are almost the same. Therefore, the void fraction or quality of two-phase flow with plug flow in the narrow tube can be measured by detecting each plug length. Authors have examined the quality measurement of two-phase flow in the refrigeration cycle based on the plug flow characteristics. In previous studies, it was confirmed that the quality can be measured with an accuracy of about ±10% when the flow regime is plug flow in the narrow tube. However, the quality range where the flow regime becomes the plug flow is limited to the quality less than 0.1. In this study, multiple narrow tubes are installed with a gas bypass line to extend the quality range to be measured. Consequently, the measurable range of quality up to 0.8 was achieved with an accuracy of ±10%.
A Vitamin B12 Binder with Transcobalamin I Characteristics Synthesized and Released by Human Granulocytes in Vitro (1974)

S ummary . In‐vitro synthesis and release of a vitamin‐B 12 binding protein by peripheral leucocytes derived from healthy subjects and patients with chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML), acute promyelocytic leukaemia (APL) and acute myeloblastic leukaemia (AML) were investigated. Myeloid cells, incubated in a nutrient medium containing [ 3 H]leucine, incorporated labelled amino‐acid into the vitamin‐B 12 binding protein with an increase of the unsaturated vitamin‐B 12 binding capacity (UBBC) of the cells. The increase in the UBBC of the medium was due to the presence of the newly produced leucocyte binder which was released into the medium by the cells during incubation. On chromatography the newly synthesized binder was similar to transcobalamin I. The incorporation of [ 3 H]leucine into the leucocyte binder by mature granulo‐cytes and undifferentiated myeloblasts was very limited and reached a maximum after 60 min of incubation. Cells from CML and APL patients showed a higher rate of incorporation of the labelled amino‐acid which reached a plateau after 40 hr. The increase in the UBBC of the leucocyte binder was paralleled by the incorporation of [ 3 H]leucine. The percentage of immature myeloid cells in the incubation mixture (promyelocytes to stab forms) was correlated with both the incorporation of [ 3 H]leucine and with the increase in UBBC.
The Genome of the North American Brown Bear or Grizzly: Ursus arctos ssp. horribilis (2018)

The grizzly bear (<i>Ursus arctos</i> ssp. <i>horribilis</i>) represents the largest population of brown bears in North America. Its genome was sequenced using a microfluidic partitioning library construction technique, and these data were supplemented with sequencing from a nanopore-based long read platform. The final assembly was 2.33 Gb with a scaffold N50 of 36.7 Mb, and the genome is of comparable size to that of its close relative the polar bear (2.30 Gb). An analysis using 4104 highly conserved mammalian genes indicated that 96.1% were found to be complete within the assembly. An automated annotation of the genome identified 19,848 protein coding genes. Our study shows that the combination of the two sequencing modalities that we used is sufficient for the construction of highly contiguous reference quality mammalian genomes. The assembled genome sequence and the supporting raw sequence reads are available from the NCBI (National Center for Biotechnology Information) under the bioproject identifier PRJNA493656, and the assembly described in this paper is version QXTK01000000.
Evolution of multilocus genetic structure in an experimental barley population. (1992)

Data from 311 selfed families isolated from four generations (F8, F13, F23, F45) of an experimental barley population were analyzed to determine patterns of change in character expression for seven quantitative traits, and in single-locus allelic frequencies, and multilocus genetic structure, for 16 Mendelian loci that code for discretely recognizable variants. The analyses showed that large changes in single-locus allelic frequencies and major reorganizations in multilocus genetic structure occurred in each of the generation-to-generation transitions examined. Although associations among a few traits persisted over generations, dynamic dissociations and reassociations occurred among several traits in each generation-transition period. Overall, the restructuring that occurred was characterized by gradual decreases in the number of clusters of associated traits and increases in the number of traits within each cluster. The observed changes in single-locus frequencies and in multilocus genetic structure were attributed to interplay among various evolutionary factors among which natural selection acting in a temporally heterogeneous environment was the guiding force.
Effect of an Electric Field on the Growth and Optoelectronic Properties of Quasi-One-Dimensional Organic Single Crystals of 1-(Phenylazo)-2-naphthol (1997)

Organic single-crystal thin films (2−10 μm thick) of 1-(phenylazo)-2-naphthol (Sudan I) were grown by capillary filling from its molten state (∼133 °C) into cells constructed of two parallel pieces of indium tin oxide (ITO) coated glass followed by slow cooling to room temperature. The solidified crystals were needle-shaped, a few tens of micrometers in diameter, and were aligned parallel to both ITO surfaces. Needle-shaped crystals of Sudan I were also grown from solution. X-ray diffraction analysis revealed a monoclinic crystal with space group, P21/c (No. 14), having a = 5.8225(15), b = 17.377(5), c = 24.598(5) Å, β = 92.37(2)°, V = 2486.7(11) Å3, Z = 8, ρ = 1.33 g cm-3. The planar molecules are stacked parallel to one another to form molecular columns along the needle axis. The pattern of crystal growth can be changed by the application of an electric field between the two ITO electrodes during solidification to produce crystal needles tilted at an angle relative to the ITO surface. The electrical conductivity parallel to the crystal needle axis is over 100 times higher than that perpendicular to it due to the better π−π overlap among the molecules along the needle. The electric-field-induced reorientation of the quasi-one-dimensional molecular crystals increased the conductivity of the ITO/Sudan I/ITO cells by 8−9 times. Moreover, the short-circuit photocurrent generated from these cells was enhanced by 14 times, indicating that the interfacial separation power of photon-produced electron/hole pairs was also improved substantially. This is the first example of optimization of the optoelectronic properties of molecular crystal-based devices through the manipulation of crystal orientation by an electric field.
Solution Structures of the Actuator Domain of ATP7A and ATP7B, the Menkes and Wilson Disease Proteins (2009)

ATP7A and ATP7B are two human P(1B)-type ATPases that have a crucial role in maintaining copper(I) homeostasis. Among the various domains of these enzymes, one, called the Actuator or A-domain, has a regulatory function and is required for the phosphatase step of the catalytic cycle (dephosphorylation of the intermediate formed during ATP hydrolysis). Here we report the solution structures of the A-domain of both proteins, solved by heteronuclear NMR spectroscopy and a characterization of the dynamics of the A-domain of ATP7A. We observed that the catalytically important TGE loop protrudes from the structure ready for interaction with the phosphorylated site in the ATP-binding domain. The loop is rigid, suggesting that the catalytic step does not require substantial structural flexibility or rearrangements. The present structures were useful to rationalize the molecular effects of disease-causing mutations. In particular, it can be concluded that mutations occurring in the A-domain either destabilize the fold of the domain (such as Gly860Val in ATP7A) or affect the network of communication within the domain (such as Leu873Arg in ATP7A) or with the other domains of the enzyme (such as Gly853Arg in ATP7A).
COUPLING REACTION BETWEEN METHYLPROPIONATE AND METHANOL TO FORM METHYLMETHACRYLATE OVER METAL ION-CONTAINED MAGNESIUM OXIDE CATALYSTS (1985)

Abstract Solid-base catalyst, MgO modified by metal ion promoted the cross-coupling reaction between methylpropionate and methanol to give methylmethacrylate. 65% selectivity to methylmethacrylate was attained by using 16.7 wt% Mn–MgO catalyst at 400 °C.
A?? does not induce oxidative stress in human cerebrovascular smooth muscle cells (2002)

We investigated whether oxidative stress participates in the pathogenic Abeta-induced degenerative mechanism of cultured human cerebrovascular smooth muscle (HCSM) cells, which are intimately involved in cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA). Studies using the cell-permeable dye dichlorofluorescein diacetate suggested that free radicals were not robustly detected in HCSM cells exposed to pathogenic Abeta. Furthermore, examination for oxidatively modified proteins, indicated by the presence of dinitrophenylhydrazone and dityrosine moieties, demonstrated no appreciable difference between pathogenic Abeta-treated and untreated HCSM cells. These findings support the notion that pathogenic Abeta-induced toxicity in HCSM cells and neuronal cells occurs by different mechanisms.
Membranes and Membrane Operations in Functional Food Production (2020)

This chapter focuses on the recent advances in the use of membrane processes for the recovery of biologically active compounds (BACs) from agro-food products and by-products. The fundamentals of typical membrane operations, as well as of membrane preparation, are firstly presented. Then, typical case studies for the recovery of polyphenols, peptides, carotenoids and tocopherols are presented and discussed. Multistep membrane processes for the separation, purification and concentration of BACs from their original sources are specifically designed based on laboratory experimental data. These processes provide concentrated fractions for the formulation of functional foods within a biorefinery strategy, with significant economic and environmental advantages over conventional methodologies.
Polymer through-hole membrane fabricated by nanoimprinting using metal molds with high aspect ratios (2007)

Polymer through-hole membranes were fabricated by nanoimprinting using metal molds with high aspect ratios, which were prepared by a replication process using an anodic porous alumina template. The introduction of a two-layer structure of polymers and the selective removal of underlying polymer layer allows the formation of polymer through-hole membranes. The obtained polymer through-hole membranes will be used for various applications that require highly ordered hole array structures with sufficient chemical stability.
Kinetics and mechanism of the ene reaction of dimethyl mesoxalate with alkenes (1980)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTKinetics and mechanism of the ene reaction of dimethyl mesoxalate with alkenesOsman Achmatowicz Jr. and Jan SzymoniakCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1980, 45, 7, 1228–1232Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1980Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1980https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01295a013https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01295a013research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views237Altmetric-Citations19LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
<title>Integrated ion beam milling and coating for precision optical fabrication</title> (1994)

An ion beam milling system, used for precision optical fabrication, was modified to easily allow deposition of thin films onto the same optics within a single vacuum operation. A series of coating experiments was performed to assess this approach to integrated ion milling and optical coating. Attempts were made to maximize the deposition rates while maintaining a narrow distribution of coating material to provide the optimum total process time. A series of shaped sputter targets was found to maintain high deposition rates similar to those of a flat target but without having the desired effect of narrowing the material distribution. Apertured shields produced narrow material distributions but at the expense of significantly lowering the deposition rates. Despite these limitations, analysis shows that thin optical films can be produced in a reasonable time by this approach.
High‐Mobility Air‐Stable Solution‐Shear‐Processed n‐Channel Organic Transistors Based on Core‐Chlorinated Naphthalene Diimides (2011)

Abstract High charge carrier mobility solution‐processed n‐channel organic thin‐film transistors (OTFTs) based on core‐chlorinated naphthalene tetracarboxylic diimides (NDIs) with fluoroalkyl chains are demonstrated. These OTFTs were prepared through a solution shearing method. Core‐chlorination of NDIs not only increases the electron mobilities of OTFTs, but also enhances their air stability, since the chlorination in the NDI core lowers the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) levels. The air‐stability of dichlorinated NDI was better than that of the tetrachlorinated NDIs, presumably due to the fact that dichlorinated NDIs have a denser packing of the fluoroalkyl chains and less grain boundaries on the surface, reducing the invasion pathway of ambient oxygen and moisture. The devices of dichlorinated NDIs exhibit good OTFT performance, even after storage in air for one and a half months. Charge transport anisotropy is observed from the dichlorinated NDI. A dichlorinated NDI with −CH 2 C 3 F 7 side chains reveals high mobilities of up to 0.22 and 0.57 cm 2 V −1 s −1 in parallel and perpendicular direction, respectively, with regard to the shearing direction. This mobility anisotropy is related to the grain morphology. In addition, we find that the solution‐shearing deposition affects the molecular orientation in the crystalline thin films and lowers the d(001)‐spacing (the out‐of‐plane interlayer spacing), compared to the vapor‐deposited thin films. Core‐chlorinated NDI derivatives are found to be highly suitable for n‐channel active materials in low‐cost solution‐processed organic electronics.
Fast CELP coding based on the Barnes-Wall lattice in 16 dimensions (2003)

The authors present an algebraic code-excited linear prediction (CELP) speech coder where the innovation codebook comes from the first spherical code of the Barnes-Wall lattice in 16 dimensions. Novel fast optimal algorithms for finding the best sequence in this Barnes-Wall shell innovation codebook are described. This algebraic codebook makes it possible to design a CELP coder at 9.6 kb/s with good quality and still implementable on a current digital-signal-processing chip.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Effect of Gender on Postoperative Morbidity and Mortality Outcomes: A Retrospective Cohort Study (2018)

Full extent of gender differences on postoperative outcomes has never been studied on large scale, specifically postoperative complications. This study aims to assess the effect of gender on 30-day morbidity and mortality after major surgery. A retrospective cohort study was carried out using data of patients undergoing major surgeries from the American College of Surgeons' National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database between 2008 and 2011. Demographics, pre- and perioperative risk factors, as well as 30-day morbidities, both overall and specific, were reviewed. The 30-day mortality data were also assessed. Multivariate logistic regression analyses, basic (Adj1) and extended (Adj2), were used to assess the association between gender and outcomes. Out of 1,409,131 patients, 57.2 per cent were females. Females had lower prevalence of most system-specific risk variables. Overall morbidities were also lower in females versus males, even after adjustment for variables [total overall morbidity: ORadj2 = 0.9 (0.89-0.92), P < 0.0001] except in some cases such as after cardiac surgeries [ORadj2 = 1.29 (1.14-1.44), P < 0.0001] and vascular surgeries [ORadj2 = 1.14 (1.10-1.18), P < 0.0001], where overall morbidities of females were higher. Specific morbidities were also lower in females than in males in all types of complications except central nervous system-related postoperative complications [ORadj2 = 1.15 (1.08-1.22), P < 0.0001] and return to the operating room [ORadj2 = 1.06 (1.04-1.08), P < 0.0001]. The 30-day mortality rate for females was lower than males [ORadj2 = 0.99 (0.96-1.03), P = 0.94]. Female gender was associated with less perioperative morbidity and mortality versus males, but they did worse after cardiovascular procedures and had more central nervous system-related complications. These outcomes should be taken into consideration by surgeons and should be evaluated further in future studies.
Memory Fusion Network for Multi-view Sequential Learning (2018)

Multi-view sequential learning is a fundamental problem in machine learning dealing with multi-view sequences. In a multi-view sequence, there exists two forms of interactions between different views: view-specific interactions and cross-view interactions. In this paper, we present a new neural architecture for multi-view sequential learning called the Memory Fusion Network (MFN) that explicitly accounts for both interactions in a neural architecture and continuously models them through time. The first component of the MFN is called the System of LSTMs, where view-specific interactions are learned in isolation through assigning an LSTM function to each view. The cross-view interactions are then identified using a special attention mechanism called the Delta-memory Attention Network (DMAN) and summarized through time with a Multi-view Gated Memory. Through extensive experimentation, MFN is compared to various proposed approaches for multi-view sequential learning on multiple publicly available benchmark datasets. MFN outperforms all the multi-view approaches. Furthermore, MFN outperforms all current state-of-the-art models, setting new state-of-the-art results for all three multi-view datasets.
The presence of herpes simplex virus DNA in hamster embryo cells transformed by a temperature sensitive mutant, TS-4. (1979)

Frank Harper has been responding to requests from publishers by sending extracts from Theodore Roosevelt's speeches and articles. He does not understand why Charles R. Flanagan has sent $50 as he has never ordered an article to be published or requested money for sending an article for publication.
On design of free-form refractive beam shapers, sensitivity to figure error, and convexity of lenses (2008)

The problem of design of a two-lens optical system for reshaping the irradiance distribution of a laser beam in a prescribed manner is considered in the geometrical optics approximation. The presented design equations are derived in a rigorous manner and are applicable to free-form two-lens optical systems without any a priori symmetry assumptions on radiance profiles and beam cross sections. The obtained equations are applied to derive an equation defining sensitivity of the output radiation intensity to figure errors. This equation is applied to analyze sensitivity in several cases, including rotationally symmetric reshapers with nonrotationally symmetric figure error. The presented approach shows also that even in the general case two different designs are available for the same data. In one of these designs one lens is always concave or convex and the second is convex or concave, while in the second design the lenses may be neither convex nor concave. Since, in general, the surface lenses are aspherical, the availability of a design with convex/concave lenses is particularly important for fabrication.
Adaptive hybrid precoding and combining in MmWave multiuser MIMO systems based on compressed covariance estimation (2015)

In this paper we propose an adaptive multi user (MU) single-cell hybrid precoding strategy that iteratively designs the precoders/combiners exploiting the reciprocity of time division duplex (TDD) millimeter wave systems. The minimum mean square error (MMSE) criterion is considered to design the combiners, which relies on second order statistics of the channel. The covariance of the received signal at the antenna array is estimated online from compressed measurements, leveraging the sparse nature of mmWave channels. The proposed method avoids the explicit estimation of the channel matrix associated to each user, reducing the training overhead, and achieving sum spectral efficiencies comparable to the ones obtained with block diagonalization.
Measuring and modelling a microwave amplifier by means of the LSNA (2005)

A measurement based model for a microwave system operating in a power range up to several dB’s of compression over its full operation frequency band is proposed. The measurements of the nonlinear behavior of the amplifier are performed with the Large Signal Network Analyzer. The model uses a limited amount of parameters, is easy to implement in an existing simulator, does not require the publishing of internal schematics, and predicts the response of the component over its whole working area. This model is hence a candidate for inclusion in data sheets.
Basic Considerations with Cell Sheets (2011)

The foundation of cell sheet engineering is to harvest cells in a minimally destructive way. This way, the cells that retain their cell-to-cell contact show a higher expression of surface proteins, and retain their more highly developed functions than cells harvested enzymatically. In contrast to using biodegradable scaffolds for tissue engineering, cell sheets triggers a significantly lower immune response and do not cause an excess of extracellular matrix to be secreted around the transplanted cells. Cell sheets also tend to integrate more easily with host tissue. In this chapter, the basic concept and history of cell sheet engineering are discussed, including some of our own studies. This chapter focuses on using cell sheets for constructing corneas, minimizing postoperative complications after esophageal surgery, and transplantation of hormone-producing endocrine tissues.