gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Oxygen Depletion in Corroded Steel Vessels (1987)

Although steel treated with MgCl2 has shown high corrosion rates when in a warm humid atmosphere, the rapid and extensive oxygen depletion observed in a MgCl2 evaporator was much greater than expected. A plant test of a MgCl2 evaporator showed the oxygen content decreased from normal (20.95%) to approximately 1% in 24 hr. The reason for this unexpected O2 depletion was investigated in the laboratory by enclosing test samples in a simulation chamber and monitoring O2 and N2 with a mass spectrometer interfaced to the chamber with a silicone hollow fiber membrane probe. The tests show that the surface scale (magnetite) increases O2 depletion by more than ten fold over that of clean metal. The tests also show that the formation of Fe2O3 is not a factor in the first 24 hr but that the formation of an iron-magnesium compound, Iowaite [Mg4Fe(OH)8OCl·XH2O], which contains a high percentage of oxygen, was observed in the exposed samples. The study has shown that the corrosion process during equipment downtime can rapidly cause oxygen concentrations to fall to hazardous levels in closed or inadequately ventilated steel equipment.
Standardizing the Isolation, Culture‐Expansion, and Cryopreservation of Canine Umbilical‐Cord Derived Mesenchymal Stromal Cells (2018)

Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) hold great promise in the field of regenerative medicine due to their ability to enable functional recovery in inflammatory injuries such as Crohn's disease and osteoarthritis. Currently, the MSC literature is focused on rodents for preclinical models of disease or clinical testing in human patients. We are interested in using the canine as a large animal model of human diseases. In this regard, the canine MSC literature lags behind human and rodent MSC, and most work on canine MSCs has focused upon bone marrow and adipose tissue‐derived with wide variation in isolation techniques. From surveying the literature and our pilot work, canine MSCs are more difficult to culture than human or rodent MSCs, have longer population doubling times, and earlier senesce. Here, a reproducible protocol for isolation and expansion of canine umbilical cord MSCs is provided. This method produces 10× greater yield per gram of tissue than other published methods. Gelatin‐coating of tissue culture plates greatly increases colony‐forming units‐fibroblast efficiency and decreases population doubling times. In addition, MSCs were able to be cultured longer before senescing, thereby increasing their cumulative population doublings. In summary, our understanding of the culture conditions needed for canine MSCs lags behind that of other species. Gelatin‐coating of tissue culture plates appears to be important for reproducible canine MSC culture. Currently, we are testing differentiation and characterization protocols to offer as standardized methods for the field. This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2018 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal .
Optimization of fed-batch fermentation for organic solvent tolerant and thermostable lipase production from recombinant E. coli (2013)

Objective: Lipases are industrially important enzymes especially the thermostable and organic solvent tolerant lipases.This study was planned to enhance the production using fed batch fermentation technique.Materials and Methods: The possibility of using fed-batch for improvement of organic solvent tolerant and thermostable lipase production by recombinant E.coli BL21 was studied in 2 L stirred tank bioreactor.Exponential fed-batch fermentations were operated at different specific growth rates (μ).The effect of antibiotics addition in feed medium, on the number of plasmid bearing cells was also investigated.Kinetics of the fed-batch fermentation was evaluated for the generation of kinetic parameter values.Effect of yeast extract in feed medium was also investigated.Results: The number of plasmid bearing cells was increased from 13 % to 91 % with the addition of antibiotics (2 g/L ampicillin and 1.4 g/L chloramphenicol) in the feed medium.Among the different μ investigated (0.05, 0.10 and 0.15 h-1), the highest cell concentration (30.32 g/L) and lipase production (130.5 IU/mL) were obtained in exponential fed-batch fermentation, where μ was controlled at 0.10 h-1 with 800 g/L glucose in the feed medium.No significant improvement was achieved on growth and lipase production in fed-batch fermentation with addition of yeast extract in feed medium, though μ was controlled at 0.10 h-1.Conclusion: Fed-batch was found a good technique for enhancement of lipase production from recombinant E.coli BL21 on the cost of increasing time of fermentation (fermentation time for batch fermentation was 16 h and for fed-batch was 26 h) and quantity of some medium ingredients as compared to the batch mode.
Tensile strength and surface hardness of Pt-Rh alloys at elevated temperatures. (1999)

Tensile strength of platinum alloys containing 5-20 mass% Rh were measured in temperature range of 300-873K. Both tensile strength and elongation decreased gradually with increasing temperature. The hardness was also measured using a micro hardness test, which decreased from HV103 at 373K to HV43 at 1273K. At the hardness of HV=50 and at the higher temperature, strongly increased brittleness was observed from the shape of indentation.
Compact AC Modeling and Performance Analysis of Through-Silicon Vias in 3-D ICs (2010)

This paper introduces the first comprehensive and accurate compact resistance-inductance-capacitance-conductance ( <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">RLCG</i> ) model for through-silicon vias (TSVs) in 3-D ICs valid from low- to high-frequency regimes, with consideration of the MOS effect in silicon, the alternating-current (ac) conduction in silicon, the skin effect in TSV metal, and the eddy currents in the silicon substrate. The model is verified against electrostatic measurements as well as a commercial full-wave electromagnetic simulation tool and subsequently employed for various performance (delay) analyses. The compact model is also applicable to TSVs made of carbon nanotube (CNT) bundles, once a slight modification (making the effective conductivity complex) is made. Various geometries (as per the International Technology Roadmap for Semiconductors) and prospective materials (Cu, W, and single-walled/multiwalled CNTs) are evaluated, and a comparative performance analysis is presented. It is shown that CNT-bundle-based TSVs can offer smaller or comparable high-frequency resistance than those of other materials due to the reduced skin effect in CNT bundle structures. On the other hand, the performance (delay) analysis indicates that the performance differences among different TSV materials are rather small. However, it is shown that CNTs provide an improved heat dissipation path due to their much higher thermal conductivity. In addition, the improved mechanical robustness and thermal stability of CNTs also favor their selection as TSV materials in emerging 3-D ICs.
English Text Classification by Authorship and Date (2010)

We performed two experiments with statistical tech-niques for classifying documents by date and author, using large bodies of publicly-available texts. In one experiment, we produced a Markov chain of every United States Supreme Court opinion ever written, and evaluated its ability to classify American judicial opinions by decade of authorship. In the other, we ex-amined the performance of two sets of quasi-linguistic features in classifying op-ed articles from The New York Times among four authors with a support-vector machine. The results in each case were en-couraging. With the Markov chain, we could cor-rectly identify the decade of authorship of a Supreme Court opinion within one decade 85 percent of the time. With the two quasi-linguistic feature sets, we were able to measure the equivocation between pairs of authors and observe some interesting effects when more features were collected. 1
RAD: On-line Anomaly Detection for Highly Unreliable Data (2019)

Classification algorithms have been widely adopted to detect anomalies for various systems, e.g., IoT, cloud and face recognition, under the common assumption that the data source is clean, i.e., features and labels are correctly set. However, data collected from the wild can be unreliable due to careless annotations or malicious data transformation for incorrect anomaly detection. In this paper, we present a two-layer on-line learning framework for robust anomaly detection (RAD) in the presence of unreliable anomaly labels, where the first layer is to filter out the suspicious data, and the second layer detects the anomaly patterns from the remaining data. To adapt to the on-line nature of anomaly detection, we extend RAD with additional features of repetitively cleaning, conflicting opinions of classifiers, and oracle knowledge. We on-line learn from the incoming data streams and continuously cleanse the data, so as to adapt to the increasing learning capacity from the larger accumulated data set. Moreover, we explore the concept of oracle learning that provides additional information of true labels for difficult data points. We specifically focus on three use cases, (i) detecting 10 classes of IoT attacks, (ii) predicting 4 classes of task failures of big data jobs, (iii) recognising 20 celebrities faces. Our evaluation results show that RAD can robustly improve the accuracy of anomaly detection, to reach up to 98% for IoT device attacks (i.e., +11%), up to 84% for cloud task failures (i.e., +20%) under 40% noise, and up to 74% for face recognition (i.e., +28%) under 30% noisy labels. The proposed RAD is general and can be applied to different anomaly detection algorithms.
Production of Chimeric Hamsters by Transfer of Aggregated Eight-Cell Embryos. (1996)

Chimeric hamsters were produced by the aggregation of eight-cell embryos obtained from two stains (golden and albino) of Syrian hamster. Eight-cell embryos were collected by flushing of oviduct and uterus using HEPES-HECM-3 medium. The aggregated embryos by PHA were cultured in HECM-3 medium for 20 h under 10%O2-10%CO2-80%N2 at 37.5°C. Of 354 aggregated embryos, 87 (25%) and 234 (66%) had developed into morulae and blastocysts, respectively. Total 90 aggregates (morulae and blastocysts) were transferred to 3 recipients at Day 3 of pseudopregnancy. Of 3 recipients, 2 became pregnant. Seven pups were born from the two recipients. Of 7 pups born, 6 were determined as chimeric hamsters by coat color (agouti). Of 6 chimeras, 5 were phenotypic males, and 1 was a phenotypic female. All chimeric hamsters had normal external genitalia.
Prediction of protein orientation upon immobilization on biological and nonbiological surfaces (2006)

We report on a rapid simulation method for predicting protein orientation on a surface based on electrostatic interactions. New methods for predicting protein immobilization are needed because of the increasing use of biosensors and protein microarrays, two technologies that use protein immobilization onto a solid support, and because the orientation of an immobilized protein is important for its function. The proposed simulation model is based on the premise that the protein interacts with the electric field generated by the surface, and this interaction defines the orientation of attachment. Results of this model are in agreement with experimental observations of immobilization of mitochondrial creatine kinase and type I hexokinase on biological membranes. The advantages of our method are that it can be applied to any protein with a known structure; it does not require modeling of the surface at atomic resolution and can be run relatively quickly on readily available computing resources. Finally, we also propose an orientation of membrane-bound cytochrome c, a protein for which the membrane orientation has not been unequivocally determined.
Exposures to Carbon Monoxide from Off-Gassing of Bulk Stored Wood Pellets (2014)

There has been a significant increase in use of wood pellets in residential and commercial scale boiler systems within New York State, such an increase will lead to increased storage of bulk pellets in homes and buildings. Serious accidents in Europe have been reported over the past decade in which high concentrations of carbon monoxide (CO) have been found in bulk pellet storage bins. Thus, additional exposure data for CO in pellet bin storage areas are needed to assess the potential hazards. Using calibrated CO sensors, continuous CO measurements were made from the spring 2013 to spring 2014 in a number of wood pellet storage bins in New York State. The CO sensors, in some cases, in conjunction with sensors for CO2, O2, relative humidity, and temperature, were installed in a residential basement, an external storage silo, and several boiler room storage areas in schools and a museum. Peak concentrations in these pellet storage locations ranged from 14 ppm in the basement residence to 155 ppm inside the storage silo at a school. One-hour CO concentrations in the boiler rooms were typically 10–15 ppm. The measured concentrations were compared to regulatory standards of 50 ppm and recommended guidelines of 35 and 9 ppm for work and nonworking environments, respectively. The concentrations at the three locations in the middle school never exceeded the 35 ppm guideline. At the museum, the CO concentrations after pellets delivery did reach a maximum of 55 ppm for a 1-h average. However, high concentrations remained for only 4 days due to natural ventilation in this storage location. Storage areas for pellets must be considered confined spaces and require appropriate entry procedures. As the biomass heating with pellets becomes more prevalent, improved designs for storage bins must be considered to minimize the risk of exposure to CO to building occupants.
Topological Photonic Crystal Fiber (2022)

Despite recent progress in topological photonics, a challenge remains to realise topological states in a scalable platform. Here we fabricate optical fiber characterized by a topological invariant and demonstrate protected supermode propagation over 10 6 wavelengths.
A Study on the Vulnerabilities of Mobile Apps associated with Software Modules (2017)

This paper reports a large-scale study that aims to understand how mobile application (app) vulnerabilities are associated with software libraries. We analyze both free and paid apps. Studying paid apps was quite meaningful because it helped us understand how differences in app development/maintenance affect the vulnerabilities associated with libraries. We analyzed 30k free and paid apps collected from the official Android marketplace. Our extensive analyses revealed that approximately 70%/50% of vulnerabilities of free/paid apps stem from software libraries, particularly from third-party libraries. Somewhat paradoxically, we found that more expensive/popular paid apps tend to have more vulnerabilities. This comes from the fact that more expensive/popular paid apps tend to have more functionality, i.e., more code and libraries, which increases the probability of vulnerabilities. Based on our findings, we provide suggestions to stakeholders of mobile app distribution ecosystems.
Handbook of Research on Advances and Applications in Refrigeration Systems and Technologies (2015)

In recent years, the sustainability and safety of perishable foods has become a major consumer concern, and refrigeration systems play an important role in the processing, distribution, and storage of such foods. To improve the efficiency of food preservation technologies, it is necessary to explore new technological and scientific advances both in materials and processes. The Handbook of Research on Advances and Applications in Refrigeration Systems and Technologies gathers state-of-the-art research related to thermal performance and energy-efficiency. Covering a diverse array of subjects-from the challenges of surface-area frost-formation on evaporators to the carbon footprint of refrigerant chemicals-this publication provides a broad insight into the optimization of cold-supply chains and serves as an essential reference text for undergraduate students, practicing engineers, researchers, educators, and policymakers.
Isolation of waxes from asphalts and the influence of waxes on asphalt rheological properties (1995)

The objective of the current study is to relate properties of defined chemical fractions of asphalts to performance-related physical properties of asphalts. From such investigations it is hoped to relate asphalt pavement failure modes to specific chemical makeup, and thereby develop useful predictive tests and suggest ameliorative measures to interrupt or decelerate mechanisms of pavement deterioration. In order to accomplish these goals, waxes have been isolated from seven different asphalts, including five conventional asphalts and two solvent precipitated asphalts, and the properties of the waxes have been compared. The waxes then were mixed with some of the asphalts, and changes in asphalt rheological properties were measured
Predicting the linear optical response ofJ-aggregate microcavity exciton-polariton devices (2008)

We demonstrate that linear dispersion theory accurately predicts the linear optical response of strongly coupled microcavity exciton-polariton devices containing thin films of $J$ aggregates of the cyanine dye [5,6-dichloro-2-[3-[5,6-dichloro-1-ethyl-3-(3-sulfopropyl)-2(3H)-benzimidazolidene]-1-propenyl]-1-ethyl-3-(3-sulfopropyl) benzimidazolium hydroxide, inner salt, sodium salt] (TDBC) when a spectrally resolved complex index of refraction derived by model-free quasi-Kramers-Kronig regression is used for the $J$-aggregate thin film. We show that the Rabi splitting can be finely tuned through the $J$-aggregate film thickness, and we estimate that the minimum linewidth of lower branch exciton polaritons at room temperature in TDBC $J$-aggregate-based structures is 8.4 meV.
Super-Resolution Orthogonal Deterministic Imaging Technique for Terahertz Subwavelength Microscopy (2020)

Terahertz subwavelength imaging aims at developing THz microscopes able to resolve deeply subwavelength features. To beat the diffraction limit, the current trend is to use various subwavelength probes to convert the near-field to the far-field. These techniques offer significant gains in spatial resolution but suffer from low light throughput and are slow due to the necessity of a slow pixel-by-pixel raster scan. In parallel, in the visible spectral range, super-resolution imaging techniques enhance the image resolution by statistically correlating multiple frames of an object backlit by stochastically blinking fluorophores. In this work, we develop a super-resolution imaging technique for the THz range, that we name super-resolution orthogonal deterministic imaging (SODI). Since there are no natural THz fluorophores, we design artificial fluorophores in the form of optimal mask sets brought close to the object. By deterministically controlling the blinking, we avoid statistical averages and reconstruct high resolution images using very few frames. After developing the theoretical basis of SODI, we experimentally demonstrate the second-order resolution improvement using only eight phase and binary amplitude masks. We then show how to extend the SODI technique to higher orders to further improve the resolution. Our methodology can be readily adapted with existing THz phase-sensitive single-pixel imaging systems or any THz amplitude imaging arrays. Finally, this work can be of interest to the optical community in other wavelengths, as our technique can be used to deterministically structure light at a subwavelength scale in order to improve the image resolution with few frames and achieve real-time super-resolution microscopy.
Silicon-directed Norrish type I cleavage of β-trimethylsilyl cycloalkanones (1990)

The Me3Si group in β-trimethylsilyl cycloalkanones was able to direct the Norrish type I cleavage by providing regioselectivity in the C-1-C-2 bond cleavage and by increasing the quantum yield and the reaction rate.
Urolithiasis, Endourology and Laparoscopy (2006)

No AccessJournal of UrologyAdult urology1 Nov 2006Urolithiasis, Endourology and Laparoscopy Ralph ClaymanM.D. Ralph ClaymanRalph Clayman More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.juro.2006.07.117AboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail © 2006 by American Urological AssociationFiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 176Issue 5November 2006Page: 2068-2071 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2006 by American Urological AssociationMetricsAuthor Information Ralph Clayman More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF downloadLoading ...
Chlorosilanes and 3,5‐Dimethylpyrazole: Multinuclear Complexes, Acetonitrile Insertion and 29Si NMR Chemical‐Shift Anisotropy Studies (2013)

Abstract The multinuclear silicon complexes [{H 2 ClSi(μ‐pz*) 2 } 2 SiH 2 ] ( 1 ) and [Cl 2 Si(μ‐pz RR ) 2 SiCl 2 ] ( 2 , R = Me; 3 , R = Ph) were formed by the reaction of dichlorosilane (for 1 ) or hexachlorodisilane with 1‐trimethylsilyl‐3,5‐dimethylpyrazole (for 1 and 2 ) and the 3,5‐diphenyl analogue (for 3 ). The reaction of trichlorosilane with 3,5‐dimethylpyrazole (Hpz*) in MeCN resulted in the formation of two MeCN insertion products of 2 ( 4 , 5 ). From different samples of synthesis products of this work a preferred hydrolysis product was obtained: [{(μ‐pz*) 2 SiH} 3 –μ 3 ‐O] + Cl – ( 6 ). The structural and electronic features of the compounds synthesised in this work were analysed with single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction and 29 Si cross‐polarisation (CP)/magic‐angle spinning (MAS) NMR spectroscopy combined with quantum chemical computations to investigate their 29 Si chemical‐shift anisotropy principal tensor components.
Parametric estimation of ocean waves using distributed source modeling (2002)

There have been several methods for estimation of directional power spectral density (DPSD) of ocean waves. The roll and pitch buoy (RPB) was proposed by Longuit-Higgins in 1963. All the classical methods are only usable when the arriving waves from different directions are point uncorrelated sources. Otherwise their robustness is in doubt and these algorithms would fail. The authors present a solution which is based on distributed source (DS) theory. They examined the RPB sensors as the array and prove that the array is free of ambiguity for all frequencies. A generalization of the MUSIC algorithm as an example is applied for parametric estimation of ocean waves. Most of high resolution array processing techniques could be thus modified for parameter estimation of ocean DS waves. Two extremum cases, i.e. coherent distributed (CD) and incoherent distributed (ID) ocean waves with different distribution models have been considered. All models have two special parameters to be estimated: the mean wave direction (MWD) and the angular width (AW). The efficiency of the method is confirmed by simulation. In addition, the estimation of MWD is unbiased and the SNR effect on the estimation is negligible, when the number of snapshots is large.