gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Rhodopsin in reconstituted phospholipid vesicles. 2. Rhodopsin-rhodopsin interactions detected by resonance energy transfer (1983)

The interactions between rhodopsin molecules in a micellar detergent solution (octyl glucoside) and in reconstituted phospholipid vesicles were studied in the dark and after bleaching. Resonance energy transfer measurements were used to monitor the proximity between rhodopsin monomers conjugated with a fluorescent donor or a fluorescent acceptor. Reactive sulfhydryl groups of rhodopsin were labeled with pyrenylmaleimide (donor) or monobromobimane (acceptor), whereas amino groups were labeled with dansyl chloride (donor) or fluorescein isothiocyanate (acceptor). The results suggest that in the micellar solution rhodopsin was monomeric in the dark and aggregated after bleaching. If the aggregate were to be a dimer, the labeled sulfhydryl groups of the monomers would be approximately 40 A apart, while the labeled amino groups would be at least 68 A distant from each other. Rhodopsin reconstituted in phospholipid vesicles appeared aggregated both in the dark and after bleaching. The proximity between the sulfhydryl groups of the monomers was not influenced by illumination. In contrast, the labeled amino groups seemed to be largely separated in the dark and closer to each other once the vesicles were bleached. If the aggregate were to be a dimer, the labeled sulfhydryl groups would be approximately 40 A apart both in the dark and after bleaching, whereas the labeled amino groups would be greater than 60 A apart in the dark and approximately 44 A from each other after bleaching. These findings are discussed in the context of rhodopsin structure, its ability to regenerate after bleaching, and the light-induced events initiated by rhodopsin photoexcitation.
Transitions in Creep Behavior (1996)

Under creep conditions at constant temperature, it is well known that transitions may occur between different flow mechanisms depending upon the level of the applied stress. For example, the transitions between the viscous glide of dislocations and control by dislocation climb are now well established in the creep of solid solution alloys. However, this paper demonstrates that there are also other possible transitions where the interpretation is more complex. First, the mechanism of grain boundary sliding may exhibit different dependences on stress because of a change in the nature of the accommodation process: it is shown that this is equivalent to the occurrence of sliding under creep and superplastic conditions, respectively. Second, the high temperature flow of a superplastic ceramic, yttria-stabilized polycrystalline zirconia, is critically dependent upon the nature of the grain boundaries within the material. The methods of interpreting experimental data for these two situations are examined.
Three-material decomposition with dual-layer spectral CT compared to MRI for the detection of bone marrow edema in patients with acute vertebral fractures (2018)

Material decomposition of DLCT data substantially improved accuracy for the diagnosis of acute vertebral fractures, with a high interreader agreement. This may spare patients additional examinations and facilitate the diagnosis of vertebral fractures.
Optical tissue probing: human skin hydration detection by speckle patterns analysis (2019)

An optical approach to determine the hydration level in human skin is presented. The approach is based on temporal tracking of back-reflected secondary speckle patterns generated while illuminating the tested area with a laser and applying periodic vibrations to the surface via a controlled vibration source (CVS). This approach has already been tested successfully for other biomedical parameters such as sensing vital signs, hematology and hemodynamic processes in the body. In this paper we examine and adjust this optical technique with the aim of measuring human skin moisture. We compare the suitability and accuracy of our optical method to the commercially available device for skin moisture measurements, the Corneometer CM 825 (by Courage + Khazaka, Cologne, Germany). Preliminary experiments showing the method's suitability for hydration measurements are presented, may lead to more accurate results that may upgrade the control of the cosmetic industry as well as identifying symptoms of moisture-related skin diseases.
Sinterability and Electrical Conductivity of Variously Prepared Perovskite-Type Oxide, La<sub>0.5</sub>Sr<sub>0.5</sub>CoO<sub>3</sub> (1990)

A perovskite-type oxideLaO5SrO5CoO3wa8prepared by ceramic coprecipitation and drip pyroysis methods The pellet-shaped oxide was fired at temperatures between900and13000C for O5tp100h The
Utility of canine microsatellites in revealing the relationships of pure bred dogs (1999)

The variability of 19 canine microsatellite loci was examined within and between three pure breeds of dog. Their phylogenetic relationships were estimated by microsatellite and conventional genetic distances which indicated that greyhounds and German shepherds had longer diverse evolutionary histories, whereas Labrador retrievers were established much later. Our three breeds differ mainly in the relative frequencies of alleles at a locus and in distribution of alleles across loci. As a consequence of sampling strategy, greyhounds express significantly lower polymorphism than the other two breeds. However, some highly polymorphic microsatellite loci were common to all three breeds. High exclusion power of such loci made them valuable for parentage testing. Although the exclusion probability at a single locus is relatively low, it increases by every added microsatellite. The six most polymorphic ones sufficed to reach the exclusion probability of 99% in all three breeds tested here. As the majority of pedigree dogs have similar population structures, the data presented can be used to estimate the probability of biological paternity for any dog breed, despite the absence of appropriate population data. Polymorphic canine microsatellites proved to be valuable descriptors of population structure, and evolutionary and filial relationships.
Induction of protective immunity against Schistosoma mansoni by a non‐living vaccine. V. Effects of varying the immunization and infection schedule and site (1987)

Intradermal (i.d.) injection with non-living schistosome antigens plus bacterial adjuvant protects mice against subsequent infection with Schistosoma mansoni. This protection became apparent within 2 weeks after a single inoculation and persisted for at least 8 weeks. Administration of one or more booster immunizations enhanced the level of protection but never produced complete resistance to cercarial challenge under the conditions tested. All immunized mice recognized the Sm 97 antigen in adult worms, as measured by antibody reactivity in ELISA, although the level of reactivity did not correlate with the level of resistance. Significant protection was observed when mice were immunized in the skin of the chest, the footpad or at the base of the tail if challenge infection was administered percutaneously either on the abdomen or back. However, when mice were infected by cercarial exposure of the tail skin, the level of resistance was consistently lower regardless of the immunization site. Vaccinated mice were not resistant to infection with lung stage parasites. These results demonstrate that the i.d. vaccine induces significant and persistent resistance in mice, the level of which is strengthened by booster immunization. The resistance is unrelated to inflammation at the site of immunization. However, immune response at the challenge site may play a critical role in the effector mechanism of resistance in this model.
Physical Activity Guidelines for Health and Prosperity in the United States (2018)

This Viewpoint from the US Assistant Secretary for Health discusses the Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans, 2nd edition, and proposes ways in which the medical care system, new technologies, workplace initiatives, and enhanced youth participation in sports can promote physical activity.
Active Education: Lessons for Integrating Physical Activity With Language Arts, Math, Science and Social Studies (2009)

Introduction: Physical Activity in Today's World-Where are We? An Ecological Perspective to Promote Wellness What Is In It For Me (The Teacher)? What Current Research Tells Us About Movement Integrating Movement in the Classroom is Not a Replacement for Physical Education Helping the Kinesthetic Learner Movement for the ADD and ADHD Child Standards and No Child Left Behind Integrating Movement with Language Arts Integrating Movement with Math Integrating Movement with Science Integrating Movement with Social Studies Index.
Electron mobility within 100 nm of the Si/sapphire interface in double-solid-phase epitaxially regrown SOS (1986)

Field-effect electron mobility within 100 nm of the sapphire substrate in double-solid-phase epitaxially regrown silicon on sapphire has been measured. Electron mobility in the range of 500 cm2/Vs has been observed in this near-interfacial region, consistent with previously reported reductions in the crystal defect concentration.
Outcomes after first relapse of childhood intracranial ependymoma (2021)

Relapsed intracranial ependymoma has a poor prognosis despite multimodal therapy. Novel therapeutic strategies are desperately needed for this disease.
Third-party CD4+ invariant natural killer T cells protect from murine GVHD lethality (2015)

Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) is driven by extensive activation and proliferation of alloreactive donor T cells causing significant morbidity and mortality following allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT). Invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells are a potent immunoregulatory T-cell subset in both humans and mice. Here, we explored the role of adoptively transferred third-party CD4(+) iNKT cells for protection from lethal GVHD in a murine model of allogeneic HCT across major histocompatibility barriers. We found that low numbers of CD4(+) iNKT cells from third-party mice resulted in a significant survival benefit with retained graft-versus-tumor effects. In vivo expansion of alloreactive T cells was diminished while displaying a T helper cell 2-biased phenotype. Notably, CD4(+) iNKT cells from third-party mice were as protective as CD4(+) iNKT cells from donor mice although third-party CD4(+) iNKT cells were rejected early after allogeneic HCT. Adoptive transfer of third-party CD4(+) iNKT cells resulted in a robust expansion of donor CD4(+)CD25(+)FoxP3(+) regulatory T cells (Tregs) that were required for protection from lethal GVHD. However, in vivo depletion of myeloid-derived suppressor cells abrogated both Treg expansion and protection from lethal GVHD. Despite the fact that iNKT cells are a rare cell population, the almost unlimited third-party availability and feasibility of in vitro expansion provide the basis for clinical translation.
Relation between left ventricular systolic resistance and contractile rate processes (1990)

To test the hypothesis that left ventricular (LV) systolic resistance is determined by the intrinsic rate processes of the contractile system, we studied 40 spontaneously hypertensive male rats (SHR). Thyroid hormone manipulation was used to alter isomyosin composition and consequently the rate processes of the contractile system. Seven groups of rats were studied: control (SHRC, n = 9); propylthiouracil (PTU) treated for 10 days (SHRP-10, n = 5), 20 days (SHRP-20, n = 5), and 30 days (SHRP-30, n = 6); and thyroxine treated for 5 days (SHRT-05, n = 5), 10 days (SHRT-10, n = 5), and 15 days (SHRT-15, n = 5). In situ (n = 40) and isolated (n = 14; 5 SHRP-30, 5 SHRC, and 4 SHRT-15) heart experiments were performed. In comparison to SHRC, we observed the following: 1) LV pump performance was not different in any of the thyroxine-treated groups, whereas with PTU, pump performance was significantly depressed in rats with greater than 80% slow myosin. 2) Normalized LV peak elastance (Emaxn) was significantly increased in the SHRP-30, whereas it was not altered after thyroxine. These observations were further confirmed in the isolated heart on the basis of peak isovolumetric stress-strain relations. 3) Thyroxine increased and PTU decreased theoretical maximum flow (Qmax; a measure of LV resistance); thus an inverse relation between Qmax and percent slow myosin was observed (r2 = 0.86). 4) The time to peak isovolumetric pressure was increased in SHRP-30 and decreased in SHRT-15. The relaxation process was significantly slower for SHRP-30 group and was unchanged for SHRT-15 group. These observations support our hypothesis that LV systolic resistance quantifies an intrinsic rate-dependent property of the myocardium and that isomyosin composition is one of its determinants. In addition, with changes in isomyosin composition toward predominantly slow myosin, the responses in Emaxn and Qmax are discordant, which may be responsible for the preservation of pump performance. This underscores the importance of quantifying both LV systolic resistance and elastance in the assessment of the functional status of the LV as a mechanical pump.
Off‐resonance Raman analysis of wurtzite CdS ground to the nanoscale: structural and size‐related effects (2011)

Abstract Different techniques were used to follow the transformation of CdS platelets during grinding and under hydrostatic pressure. X‐ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy revealed that the platelets included zinc blende (cubic) CdS nanodomains dispersed in a wurtzite (hexagonal) single‐crystalline matrix. Extended grinding led to a decrease of the grain size and to a progressive transformation of the hexagonal stacking into a cubic one. The same phase transition was observed up to 9 GPa under hydrostatic pressure. Off‐resonance Raman spectra collected at different stages of the transition led us to connect band groups that were usually overlooked (in resonance conditions) or considered separately. They all probe the stacking disorder and their intensity can be related to the density of stacking faults. Off‐resonance Raman spectroscopy offers a way of probing the optical properties of CdS (and, more generally, layered semiconductors) as a function of the structure and of the confinement of vibrations by structural defects. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.
Development of an Enantioselective Synthesis of (−)-Euonyminol (2021)

We detail the development of the first enantioselective synthetic route to euonyminol (<b>1</b>), the most heavily oxidized member of the dihydro-β-agarofuran sesquiterpenes and the nucleus of the macrocyclic alkaloids known as the cathedulins. Key steps in the synthetic sequence include a novel, formal oxyalkylation reaction of an allylic alcohol by [3 + 2] cycloaddition; a tandem lactonization-epoxide opening reaction to form the <i>trans</i>-C2-C3 vicinal diol residue; and a late-stage diastereoselective trimethylaluminum-mediated α-ketol rearrangement. We report an improved synthesis of the advanced unsaturated ketone intermediate <b>64</b> by means of a 6-<i>endo</i>-dig radical cyclization of the enyne <b>42</b>. This strategy nearly doubled the yield through the intermediate steps in the synthesis and avoided a problematic inversion of stereochemistry required in the first-generation approach. Computational studies suggest that the mechanism of this transformation proceeds via a direct 6-<i>endo</i>-trig cyclization, although a competing 5-<i>exo</i>-trig cyclization, followed by a rearrangement, is also energetically viable. We also detail the challenges associated with manipulating the oxidation state of late-stage intermediates, which may inform efforts to access other derivatives such as 9-<i>epi</i>-euonyminol or 8-<i>epi</i>-euonyminol. Our successful synthetic strategy provides a foundation to synthesize the more complex cathedulins.
A fluid analysis of a utility-based wireless scheduling policy (2006)

In this paper, we consider packet scheduling for the downlink in a wireless network, where each packet's service preferences are captured by a utility function that depends on the total delay incurred. The goal is to schedule packet transmissions to maximize the total utility. In this setting, we examine a simple gradient-based scheduling algorithm called the U/spl dot/R-rule, which is a type of generalized c/spl mu/-rule (Gc/spl mu/) that takes into account both a user's channel condition and derived utility when making scheduling decisions. We study the performance of this scheduling rule for a draining problem, where there is a given set of initial packets and no further arrivals. We formulate a "large system" fluid model for this draining problem where the number of packets becomes large while the packet-size decreases to zero, and give a complete characterization of the behavior of the U/spl dot/R scheduling rule in this limiting regime. Comparison with simulation results show that the fluid limit accurately predicts the corresponding behavior of finite systems of interest. We then give an optimal control formulation for finding the optimal scheduling policy for the fluid draining model. Using Pontryagin's minimum principle, we show that, when the user rates are chosen from a TDM-type of capacity region, the U/spl dot/R rule is in fact optimal in many cases. Sufficient conditions for optimality are also given. Finally, we consider a general capacity region and show that the U/spl dot/R rule is optimal only in special cases.
High-Pressure Preparation, Crystal Structure, Magnetic Properties, and Phase Transitions in GdNiO3 and DyNiO3 Perovskites (1999)

Strongly distorted RNiO3 (R = Gd, Dy) perovskites, containing Ni3+, have been prepared under high-pressure conditions: 90 MPa of O2 pressure (R = Gd) or 2 GPa of hydrostatic pressure in the presence of KClO4 (R = Dy). These materials have been characterized by X-ray diffraction, neutron powder diffraction (NPD) (for DyNiO3), DSC, magnetic measurements, and specific heat measurements. In contrast with the next member of the series, HoNiO3, which shows a subtle monoclinic distortion at room temperature, DyNiO3 exhibits orthorhombic symmetry, as shown by NPD data. A noticeable distortion is observed in NiO6 octahedra, at variance with the almost regular octahedra exhibited by the first members (R = La, Pr, Nd) of the series: it is interpreted as a manifestation of the Jahn−Teller character of the Ni3+ cation, enhanced in the RNiO3 perovskites with heavier rare earths, showing weaker, less covalent Ni−O bonds. DSC measurements show sharp endothermic peaks at 510.9 K (Gd) and 564.1 K (Dy) in the heating run, which have been assigned to the corresponding metal−insulator transitions of both charge-transfer perovskites, based on the analogous behavior observed for the precedent members of the RNiO3 series. Subtle slope variations in the susceptibility vs T curves, highly dominated by the strong paramagnetic signal of Gd3+ and Dy3+, indicate the onset of antiferromagnetic ordering of the Ni3+ sublattice, confirmed by specific heat measurements, below TN values of 185 and 154 K, respectively. Additionally, the Dy3+ sublattice becomes ordered below 8 K.
LEADER-BASED MULTIFRACTAL ANALYSIS FOR EVI fMRI TIME SERIES: ONGOING vs TASK-RELATED BRAIN ACTIVITY (2007)

Classical within-subject analysis in functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) relies on a detection step to localize which parts of the brain are activated by a given stimulus type. This is usually achieved using model-based approaches. Here, we propose an alternative exploratory scaling analysis. By nature, scaling analysis requires the use of long enough signals, with high frequency sampling rates. Recently, 3D echo volumar imaging (EVI) techniques have emerged in fMRI allowing the very fast acquisition of successive brain volumes. The originality of this contribution is twofold: A new scaling analysis based on multifractal models instead of self-similarity ones and on wavelet Leaders instead of wavelet coefficients is introduced; it is applied to high temporal resolution EVI data acquired both in resting state and during a visual paradigm. We estimate voxel-based multifractal attributes for both kinds of data and bring evidence confirming the existence of true scaling as opposed to superimposed non- stationaries. Also, combining these estimates together with paired statistical tests, we observe significant scaling parameter changes between ongoing and evoked brain activity, which clearly validate an increase in long memory and suggest a global multifractality decrease effect.
Experimental and Numerical Investigation of Installed Ducted Propulsor Aeroacoustics (2023)

View Video Presentation: https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2023-0792.vid NASA’s Advanced Air Transport Technology project has spurred development of novel transport aircraft configurations with the goal of reducing noise and greenhouse gas emissions. To this end, a subscale model of a low-solidity electric ducted fan propulsor originally designed for the Ampaire Tailwind aircraft concept was tested in the Virginia Tech Anechoic Wind Tunnel in three installation configurations: isolated, close-coupled to an upstream airfoil, and planar boundary layer-ingesting. Three aeroacoustic CFD simulations matching the test conditions for a select run of each configuration were conducted using the PowerFLOW lattice-Boltzmann method solver. Acoustic levels from these simulations were compared against microphone measurements from the experiment, and duct modal analysis was performed at the duct inlet plane of the simulations.
Low-Band-Gap Conjugated Polymers. Improved Model Compounds for the Structural Analysis of Poly(isothianaphthene) (1995)

The simulation of the structure of aromatic and quinoid poly(isothianaphthene) (PITN) has been improved, by the synthesis of new model compounds. The C-13 NMR investigation confirms our previous results that the geometric structure of this low-band-gap conducting polymer shows a strong quinoid character. For the aromatic structure, 1,3-dithienylisothianaphthene and a series of disilylated isothianaphthene oligomers were synthesized. trans-3,3'-Bibenzo[c]thienylidene was prepared in order to model the quinoid structure. All these new model compounds simulate better neighboring S-atom effects, a structural feature which was not accounted for in the previously reported model compounds.
Reaction Acceleration in Thin Films with Continuous Product Deposition for Organic Synthesis (2017)

Thin film formats are used to study the Claisen-Schmidt base-catalyzed condensation of 6-hydroxy-1-indanone with substituted benzaldehydes and to compare the reaction acceleration relative to the bulk. Relative acceleration factors initially exceeded 10<sup>3</sup> and were on the order of 10<sup>2</sup> at steady state, although the confined volume reaction was not electrostatically driven. Substituent effects were muted compared to those in the corresponding bulk and microdroplet reactions and it is concluded that the rate-limiting step at steady state is reagent transport to the interface. Conditions were found that allowed product deposition from the thin film to occur continuously as the reaction mixture was added and as the solvent evaporated. Yields of 74 % and production rates of 98 mg h<sup>-1</sup> were reached in a very simple experimental system that could be multiplexed to greater scales.