gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Concerted loss of TGFβ-mediated proliferation control and E-cadherin disrupts epithelial homeostasis and causes oral squamous cell carcinoma (2014)

Although the etiology of squamous cell carcinomas of the oral mucosa is well understood, the cellular origin and the exact molecular mechanisms leading to their formation are not. Previously, we observed the coordinated loss of E-cadherin (CDH1) and transforming growth factor beta receptor II (TGFBR2) in esophageal squamous tumors. To investigate if the coordinated loss of Cdh1 and Tgfbr2 is sufficient to induce tumorigenesis in vivo, we developed two mouse models targeting ablation of both genes constitutively or inducibly in the oral-esophageal epithelium. We show that the loss of both Cdh1 and Tgfbr2 in both models is sufficient to induce squamous cell carcinomas with animals succumbing to the invasive disease by 18 months of age. Advanced tumors have the ability to invade regional lymph nodes and to establish distant pulmonary metastasis. The mouse tumors showed molecular characteristics of human tumors such as overexpression of Cyclin D1. We addressed the question whether TGFβ signaling may target known stem cell markers and thereby influence tumorigenesis. From our mouse and human models, we conclude that TGFβ signaling regulates key aspects of stemness and quiescence in vitro and in vivo. This provides a new explanation for the importance of TGFβ in mucosal homeostasis.
Improving the understanding for meibomian gland dysfunction Paying attention to the management of meibomian gland dysfunction associated-dry eye (2012)

Meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD)is a common ocular surface disease in clinic and characterized by terminal duct obstruction and/or qualitative/quantitative changes in the glandular secretion.Meibomian gland obstruction may decrease superficial lipid element of the tear film,resulting in evaporative dry eye.Inflammation of lid margin and meibomian gland may result in conjunctival and corneal disease.Diagnosis of MGD depends on symptom and sign.Symptom of MGD is similar to dry eye,so MGD is nonspecific in diagnosis.Signs of MGD include the changes in morphology of lid margin,quantification of meibum expressibility/quality and dropout of meibomian gland.The managing regimes for MGD are warm,clean compresses and lid massage to increase secretion of meibomian,meanwhile,anti-infection and anti-inflammation and artificial lubricants also are available.Antiinflammation is essential for moderate to severe cases,and the treating medicines include steroid,nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)and immunosuppressive agents.Evaluation of meibomian gland function is very important when ophthalmologist check ocular surface with slit-lamp,especially for the patients going to perform refractive and intro-operation,so that avoid severe ocular surface complications and evade medical risks.

Key words: 
Meibomian gland dysfunction;  Dry eye;  Diagnosis;  Treatment
Reducing Soot Emissions from Diesel Engines Using One Atmosphere Uniform Glow Discharge Plasma (2003)

Although the diesel engine is an energy-efficient machine, its exhaust emissions present serious health and environmental problems. The call for drastic reductions of exhaust soot has been heard throughout the world including the recent U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) mandate to reduce smog-causing nitrogen oxides from diesel powered vehicles by 95% and particulate matter (soot) by 90%. A regenerative diesel soot filter based on the patented One Atmosphere Uniform Glow Discharge Plasma (OAUGDP) technology has been developed with a goal of meeting the standards and regulations as identified. This filter system consists of a porous metal filter, designed to capture the soot particles, and a plasma generating supply for soot destruction. The operation of the regenerative filter system includes trapping the soot particles, then destroying them by oxidation using the OAUGDP technology. The performance and estimated cost of a commercially manufactured, plasma-cleaned, soot filtration system is shown as competitive with alternative methods of soot control.
Complexes of Cu(II) with polyvinyl alcohol as precursors for the preparation of CuO/SiO2nanocomposites (2000)

Cupric oxide (CuO) nanoparticles have been prepared in amorphous SiO2 matrix using a novel variant of sol-gel technique. The method is based on the poly-condensation of a silica source (sodium silicate) in the presence of an aqueous solution containing complex of Cu(II) with polyvinyl alcohol (CuPVA). After gelation, polymeric complexes containing several thousands Cu atoms each are incorporated into the silica network forming a precursor, which is then annealed in oxygen to get rid of organic components. The formation of CuO nano-particles was confirmed by electron diffraction studies. The size of nanoparticles can be controlled by varying [Cu2+]/[PVA] ratio in the precursor. Thus prepared CuO/SiO2 nanocomposites are characterized by high specific surface area as measured by capillary adsorption of nitrogen, suggesting their possible use in catalysis.
Characteristics of the Fields and Particle Acceleration During Rapidly Induced Tail Thinning and Reconnection (2011)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Simulation Model Conditions for Compression and Tearing Numerical Results Summary
Dynamic, risk informed decision support systems and methods (2023)

The present disclosure is directed to a decision support system or tool based on a Bayesian Network (BN) framework. The diagnostic support tool is created by using advanced Probabilistic Risk Assessment (PRA) method(s) to construct Bayesian Networks (BNs) that form a Bayesian Decision Support Process (BDSP) to provide science-based decision support for understanding and managing events in complex systems. In an embodiment, the PRA method(s) may include Discrete Dynamic Event Trees (DDETs) and simulations.
Calcium involvement in the stimulation of sex pheromone production by PBAN in the European corn borer, Ostrinia nubilalis (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) (1995)

An in vitro assay was used to study the stimulation of sex pheromone production by pheromone biosynthesis activating neuropeptide (PBAN) in female European corn borer (ECB), Ostrinia nubilalis. Synthetic Bom-PBAN was active at 0.25 nM and maximally stimulated in vitro pheromone production at 2.5 nM. With 2.5 nM Bom-PBAN, maximum pheromone production was reached within 90 min of incubation. The calcium ionophore, A23187, stimulated pheromone production independent of PBAN. Both Bom-PBAN-stimulated and ionophore-stimulated pheromone production are dependent on the presence of calcium in the incubation medium. A calcium-free incubation medium and a medium with calcium replaced by 5 mM magnesium did not support Bom-PBAN-stimulated and ionophore-stimulated pheromone production. Furthermore, a potent calcium blocker, lanthanum, inhibits Bom-PBAN stimulated pheromone production at 0.5 mM. These results suggest that the activation of sex pheromone production by PBAN in ECB is mediated, in part, by calcium ion.
INHERITED DEFECTSOF PLATELET FUNCTION (2001)

Inherited platelet defects bleeding syndromes underlie of varying severity. The Bernard-Soulier syndrome and Glanzmann thrombasthenia are disorders of membrane glycoproteins. In the former, a deficiency of the GPIb-IX-V complex leads to defective platelet adhesion, while in thrombasthenia, platelet aggregation does not occur in the absence of the integrin alphaIIbbeta3. Defects of primary receptors for stimuli are increasingly being described, and include a defect of a newly cloned Gi-protein-linked, seven transmembrane domain, ADP receptor. These lead to agonist-specific deficiencies in the platelet function response, as do abnormalities in the many intracellular signaling pathways of platelets. Defects affecting secretion from dense bodies and alpha-granules, of ATP production and generation of procoagulant activity, are also encountered. Some disorders are exclusive to megakaryocytes and platelets, while in others, such as the Chediak-Higashi, Hermansky-Pudlak and Wiskott-Aldrich syndromes; the molecular lesion extends to other cell types. Disorders affecting platelet morphology, the so-called "giant platelet" syndromes should also be considered. In familial thrombocytopenias, platelets are produced in insufficient quantities to assure hemostasis. Platelet disorders are examples of rare diseases; nevertheless they have provided essential information in the elucidation of the molecular basis of platelet function.
mRNA-directed biosynthesis of α subunit of thyrotropin: Translation in cell-free and whole-cell systems (1979)

mRNA from mouse thyrotropic pituitary tumors was translated in frog oocytes (a whole-cell system) and in wheat germ extract and reticulocyte lysate (cell-free systems) in the presence of [(35)S]methionine. Synthesized peptides related to thyrotropin were identified in the three systems by immunoprecipitation with subunit-specific antisera developed against the alpha subunit of ovine lutropin (luteinizing hormone) and the beta subunit of bovine thyrotropin. In wheat germ extract and reticulocyte lysate, a single immunoprecipitable form of the alpha subunit of thyrotropin was synthesized with an apparent molecular weight of 14,000 by sodium dodecyl sulfate/polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. In the frog oocyte, three forms of immunoprecipitable alpha subunit of thyrotropin were synthesized with apparent molecular weights of 20,000, 14,000, and 10,000. The 20,000 form is similar to unlabeled rat pituitary standard alpha subunit and (35)S-labeled mouse tumor alpha subunit in cell cultures (20,000-21,000); thus, it may represent a precursor-cleaved and glycosylated form. The 14,000 form synthesized in all three systems probably represents the pre-alpha subunit of thyrotropin; the 10,000 form, synthesized only in the frog oocyte, could be a proteolytically cleaved but unglycosylated form. Because only the alpha subunit of thyrotropin was identified and no larger molecular weight immunoprecipitable form of either subunit was detected in any of the translation systems, alpha and beta subunits of thyrotropin appear to be translated from separate mRNAs.
Value Delivery Architecture Modeling – A New Approach for Business Modeling (2015)

Complexity and uncertainty have evolved as important challenges for entrepreneurship in many industries. Value Delivery Architecture Modeling (VDAM) is a proposal for a new approach for business modeling to conquer these challenges. In addition to the creation of transparency and clarity, our approach supports the operationalization of business model ideas. VDAM is based on the combination of a new business modeling language called VDML, ontology building, and the implementation of a level of cross-company abstraction. The application of our new approach in the area of electric mobility in Germany, an industry sector with high levels of uncertainty and a lack of common understanding, shows several promising results: VDAM enables the development of an unambiguous and unbiased view on value creation. Additionally it allows for several applications leading to a more informed decision towards the implementation of new business models.
Die Kristallstrukturen von 1,4-Dimethylpiperazinium-tetrabromocobaltat(II) und -zinkat(II), (dmpipzH2) [MIIBr4] (M = Co, Zn) / The Crystal Structures of 1,4-Dimethylpiperazinium Tetrabromocobaltate(II) and -Zincate(II), (dmpipzH2) [MIIBr4] (M = Co, Zn) (1996)

Abstract The compounds (dmpipzH 2 )[M II Br 4 ] (M = Co, Zn) crystallize at room temperature from equimolar solutions of 1,4-dimethylpiperazine and MBr 2 · n H 2 O in 3M HBr. (dmpipzH 2 )[CoBr 4 ] is isotypic with the homologous chlorometalates of Co and Zn and crystallizes in the mono­ clinic space group P2 1 /m with a = 6.424(3), b = 14.588(6), c = 7.102(6) Å, β = 90.87(6)°, Z = 2. (dmpipzH 2 )[ZnBr 4 ], however, crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P2 1 /c with a = 7,605(5), b = 13,760(9), c = 13,286(7) Å, β = 93,03(6)°, Z = 4. Both structures contain centrosymmetric cations (dmpipzH 2 ) 2+ in the chair form and slightly distorted tetrahedra [MBr 4 ] 2- with a mirror plane in the case of M = Co. Several distances N···Br in both structures are interpreted in terms of N-H···Br hydrogen bonds which are favoured by the packing in the case of M = Zn.
Nationalism, Nationhood and Identity in Virtual Worlds and MMORPG's (2010)

This dissertation examines both Virtual Worlds and Massively Multiplayer Online Role Playing Games (MMORPG) and ideas of Nationalism, Nationhood and Identity. These two subjects are examined in order to establish whether or not it is possible to identify a potential link between them. The ambition of establishing the possibility of this link is an effort to move towards gaining an increased understanding that is the social phenomenon of the growth of Virtual Worlds. The discussion will outline the existing models and ideas relating to Nationalism, Nationhood and Identity before moving on to give a history of the development of Virtual Worlds. From here Virtual Worlds will be explored to see what characteristics are present that can allow us to establish whether or not a link between the ideas of Nationalism can be established, in order to further our understanding of why these behaviours are manifesting themselves in Virtual Worlds and MMORPG‟s.
Internet Technology Adoption and Transition (2014)

The Internet Technology Adoption and Transition (ITAT) Workshop took
place on December 4th and 5th of 2013. The focus of the workshop was
on models to facilitate adoption of Internet protocols, with
particular emphasis at the waist of the hourglass. This report
summarizes contributions and discussions. As the topics were wide
ranging, there is no single set of recommendations for IETF
participants to pursue at this time. Instead, in the classic sense of
early research, we note areas that deserve further exploration.
Packet communication in delta and related networks (1981)

Delta networks are a class of multistage interconnection networks that can be used to interconnect a large number of modules in a modular computing system. In a packet communication environment, the modules in a system communicate asynchronously using fixed size packets. In this environment, delta networks exhibit a large parallelism in packet transfer leading to good performance. They also allow for local control in packet routing, extensibility, clean interfaces, speed independence, and simple proofs of correctness.\nThey can be augmented to improve reliability, and pruned to have different numbers of input and output links. Feedback paths can be added to provide a range of performance.\n Special extreme cases of (N x N) delta networks are the full crossbar switch, which has O(N('2)) gates and O(N) ideal bandwidth, and the single bus, which has O(N) gates and 0(1) bandwidth. Delta networks constructed from fixed size basic switches have O(N log N) gates and O(N) ideal bandwidth. The performance of delta networks with fixed size basic switches is comparable to that of the full crossbar switch in realistic environments as well. The class of delta networks includes several other networks that have been proposed in the literature. Thus, this study applies to these networks as well.\nUnbuffered delta networks have no internal buffers within the network. A simple model for network operation can be used to obtain a network characteristic that can then be used to obtain good estimates of performance for other models and environments. Using priority schemes in arbitrating between conflicting packets (that require passage through the same link at the same time) leads to a deterioration in performance as compared to arbitration with equiprobable selection from conflicting packets.\nInserting a buffer between the stages of a delta network leads to a considerable improvement in performance, making its performance better than that of the (same size) unbuffered crossbar switch. However, as the number of buffers between stages is increased, the network bandwidth saturates quickly to a constant, while the delay that a packet encounters in the network increases almost linearly with buffer size. Thus, the buffer size for most practical applications should be limited to one or two. The performance obtained is also sensitive to precisely how the switches in the network operate. The switch operation policy needs to be chosen depending on the values of certain network parameters in an implementation. There are many ways of pruning delta networks. Optimal pruned delta networks, with buffers between stages, have a nonintuitive topology.\nIntroducing feedback paths leads to a range of performance and cost. However, packets can deadlock in such networks. It is possible to detect and recover from deadlocks. For good performance to be obtained, it is necessary to prevent the frequent occurrence of deadlocks. This can be achieved by controlling the flow of packets into the networks.
Effect of concentrate type (starch vs. fiber) and bicarbonate addition in grass silage-based diets on performance, diet digestibility and enteric methane emissions in lactating dairy cows (2016)

International audience
Folic Acid Conjugated Chitosan Nanoparticles for Tumor Targeting of Therapeutic and Imaging Agents (2013)

Anticancer drugs are typically distributed non-specifically in the body, where they affect both cancerous and normal cells. This limits the drug level achievable within the tumor, compromising the therapeutic efficacy, and results in potential toxic effects on normal tissues. Targeted delivery of chemotherapeutics exclusively to cancer cells is the focus of intensive research for improvement of anticancer therapy. Various drug delivery systems have been investigated for this purpose, with therapeutic-carrying polymeric nanoparticulate systems designed for specific targeting of tumor cells receiving special interest. Chitosan, a natural polymer derived from crustacean shells, has attracted particular attention as a drug carrier. The simple and mild preparation methods, low toxicity, good stability, controlled drug release and the ability to overcome biological barriers have made chitosan-based nanoparticles popular in drug and gene delivery applications. Chitosan nanoparticles have been fabricated with optimal size and surface characteristics in order to tailor the behavior within the biological system, including circulation time, as well as passive and active cancer targeting. Folic acid is widely employed as a ligand targeting cancerous cells as its receptor which ‘shuttles’ folic acid into the cells via endocytosis is over-expressed on the surface of many human epithelial cancer cells. Incorporating folic acid into chitosan-based drug and gene delivery formulations renders the systems with an efficient targeting capacity. Furthermore, it is possible to formulate chitosan nanocarriers that display multiple useful characteristics extending beyond targeted delivery. The versatility of these systems is also being exploited in nanotheranostics. Keywords: Chitosan, diagnostic and therapeutic imaging, drug and gene delivery, folic acid.
Acoustic Spin Waves (2019)

Using hybrid piezoelectric/magnetic systems we have generated large amplitude magnetization waves mediated by magneto-elasticity with up to 25 degrees variation in the magnetization orientation. We present direct imaging and quantification of both standing and propagating acoustomagnetic waves with different wavelengths, over large distances up to several millimeters in a nickel thin film.
Enantio‐ and Diastereoselective Ir‐Catalyzed Allylic Substitutions for Asymmetric Synthesis of Amino Acid Derivatives (2003)

Einfach nur die Base austauschen, und man erhält entweder 3 oder 4 als Produkt der enantioselektiven allylischen Substitution von 1 mit 2, die durch einen Ir-Komplex des chiralen Phosphits 5 katalysiert wird. Lineare Nebenprodukte fallen bei dieser Reaktion nur in geringsten Mengen an.
Supplementary Figures 1 - 8, Tables 1 - 2 from <i>mda-</i>7/IL-24 Expression Inhibits Breast Cancer through Upregulation of Growth Arrest-Specific Gene 3 (<i>gas3</i>) and Disruption of β1 Integrin Function (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 5906K, Supplemental Table I - Inhibition of mammary carcinogenesis in Wistar-Furth rats by mda-7/IL-24 Supplemental Table II - Microarray analysis of differential gene expression in FE1.2 + IL-24S compared to FE1.2 + IL-24AS cells. Supplemental Figure 1: Serum starvation induces GAS3 expression in both FE1.2 and FE1.3 cells. Supplemental Figure 2: GAS3 downregulation decreases the growth of cells in soft agar. Supplemental Figure 3: STAT3 inhibition reduced attachment of attaches cells to culture plates. Supplemental Figure 4: GAS3 expression reduced attachment of confluent cells to culture plates. Supplemental Figure 5: Binding of GAS3 to β1 integrin using immunoprecipitation assay. Supplemental Figure 6: GAS3 expression inhibits attachment to and proliferation on fibronectin coated culture plates. Supplemental Figure 7: GAS3 expression increases attachment to laminin coated culture plates. Supplemental Figure 8: GAS3 expression by immunohistochemistry.&lt;/p&gt;
Plasmodium falciparum SURFIN4.1 forms an intermediate complex with PTEX components and Pf113 during export to the red blood cell (2021)

Plasmodium falciparum malaria parasites export several hundred proteins to the cytoplasm of infected red blood cells (RBCs) to modify the cell environment suitable for their growth. A Plasmodium translocon of exported proteins (PTEX) is necessary for both soluble and integral membrane proteins to cross the parasitophorous vacuole (PV) membrane surrounding the parasite inside the RBC. However, the molecular composition of the translocation complex for integral membrane proteins is not fully characterized, especially at the parasite plasma membrane. To examine the translocation complex, here we used mini-SURFIN<sub>4.1</sub>, consisting of a short N-terminal region, a transmembrane region, and a cytoplasmic region of an exported integral membrane protein SURFIN<sub>4.1</sub>. We found that mini-SURFIN<sub>4.1</sub> forms a translocation intermediate complex with core PTEX components, EXP2, HSP101, and PTEX150. We also found that several proteins are exposed to the PV space, including Pf113, an uncharacterized PTEX-associated protein. We determined that Pf113 localizes in dense granules at the merozoite stage and on the parasite periphery after RBC invasion. Using an inducible translocon-clogged mini-SURFIN<sub>4.1</sub>, we found that a stable translocation intermediate complex forms at the parasite plasma membrane and contains EXP2 and a processed form of Pf113. These results suggest a potential role of Pf113 for the translocation step of mini-SURFIN<sub>4.1</sub>, providing further insights into the translocation mechanisms for parasite integral membrane proteins.
Engineering Protein Particles for Pulmonary Drug Delivery (2008)

Pulmonary delivery of proteins requires particles for delivery to be in the aerodynamic size range 1-5 microm for deep lung deposition. However, the traditional particle size reduction technique of jet-milling normally used for inhalation is not suitable for processing these protein particles because of their lability brought about by the weak physical interactions making up their higher order structures. Advanced techniques such as spray drying, spray freeze drying and the use of supercritical fluid technology have been developed to produce particles in the suitable size range and morphology for deep long deposition without altering the native conformation of these biomolecules. Judicious use of excipients and operating conditions are some of the factors needed for a successful particle design.