gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Maternal Shared Reading with Toddlers Born Preterm and Full-Term (2015)

Reading aloud to children is a predictor of later language and literacy development. Children as young as 7 months of age benefit from shared reading experiences. The purpose of this study was to evaluate and compare mothers’ shared reading to their children in two groups: children born preterm and children born full-term. Sixteen mother-child dyads, 8 mothers with children born preterm and 8 mothers with children born full-term matched for child gender and maternal education participated when the children were an average of 13 months of age. The mothers were video-recorded as they shared two books with their children. The mothers’ shared book reading behaviors and use of print awareness was examined using the Toddler Emergent Literacy Checklist. There was no difference between the two groups of mothers with respect to shared book reading characteristics. Both groups of mothers used a variety of shared reading behaviors, such as labeling pictures, pointing to pictures, describing pictures, asking questions about pictures, asking the child to turn the page, and using child-directed prosody. Regarding print awareness, few of these behaviors were present in either group. Tracking print was present only in a small number of the mothers of the children born full-term. Together, these results provide new information on the early shared book reading of mothers of children born preterm and full-term.
Subnanosecond light pulses from GaAs injection lasers (1969)

Self-induced regular pulsations of the light intensity of GaAs injection lasers have been observed in pulse-driven diodes at liquid-nitrogen temperatures. The pulses occur at a repetition frequency of 500 MHz to 1 GHz, and the pulsewidth is less than 400 ps. These results are examined in the light of two theories that have been proposed to explain this kind of behavior in the GaAs laser. The basic differences between these two models are briefly described.
Multi-layer grid embeddings (1985)

In this paper we propose two new multi-layer grid models for VLSI layout, both of which take into account the number of contact cuts used. For the first model in which nodes "exist" only on one layer, we prove a tight area x (number of contact cuts) = Θ(n2) trade-off for embedding any degree 4 n-node planar graph in two layers. For the second model in which nodes "exist" simultaneously on all layers, we prove a number of bounds on the area needed to embed graphs using no contact cuts. For example we prove that any n-node graph which is the union of two planar subgraphs can be embedded on two layers in O(n2) area without contact cuts. This bound is tight even if more layers and an unbounded number of contact cuts are allowed. We also show that planar graphs of bounded degree can be embedded on two layers in O(n1.6) area without contact cuts. These results use some interesting new results on embedding graphs in a single layer. In particular we give an O(n2) area embedding of planar graphs such that each edge makes a constant number of turns, and each exterior vertex has a path to the perimeter of the grid making a constant number of turns. We also prove a tight Ω(n3) lower bound on the area of grid n-permutation networks.
Evidence for the contribution of muscle stem cells to nonhypertrophic skeletal muscle remodeling in humans (2013)

The purpose of this study was to explore the possible role of muscle stem cells, also referred to as satellite cells (SCs), in adaptation and remodeling following a nonhypertrophic stimulus in humans. Muscle biopsies were obtained from the vastus lateralis of previously untrained women (n=15; age: 27±8 yr, BMI: 29±6 kg/m(2)) before and after 6 wk of aerobic interval training. The fiber type-specific SC response to training was analyzed using immunofluorescent microscopy of muscle cross sections. Following training, the number of SCs associated with fibers expressing myosin heavy-chain type I and II isoforms (hybrid fibers) increased (pre: 0.062±0.035 SC/hybrid fiber; post: 0.38±0.063 SC/hybrid fiber; P<0.01). In addition, there was a greater number of MyoD(+)/Pax7(-) SCs, indicative of differentiating SCs, associated with hybrid fibers (0.18±0.096 MyoD(+)/Pax7(-) SC/hybrid fiber) compared to type I (0.015±0.00615 MyoD(+)/Pax7(-) SC/type I fiber) or II (0.012±0.00454 MyoD(+)/Pax7(-) SC/type II fiber) fibers (P<0.05). There was also a training-induced increase in the number of hybrid fibers containing centrally located nuclei (15.1%) compared to either type I (3.4%) or II fibers (3.6%) (P<0.01). These data are consistent with the hypothesis that SCs contribute to the remodeling of muscle fibers even in the absence of hypertrophy.
van der Pol-type Self-Excited Cantilever by Integral Controller(<Special Issue>Dynamics & Design Conference 2009) (2010)

We propose a van der Pol-type self-excited cantilever beam by positive velocity feedback and nonlinear feedback. Self-excited oscillation keeps the resonant condition independent of the modulation of system parameters and the resonance characteristic of self-excited oscillation is suitable to realize auto-resonance machines such as AFM micro-cantilever proble. Because the amplitude of self-excited oscillation grows with time, a special control method is required for the amplitude control. To this end, we propose the application of the nonlinear dynamics of van der Pol oscillator. Making use of the characteristic of a stacked-type piezoelectric actuator, we demonstrate that the amplitude control of a cantilever beam by using only integral controller without differential controller. We show the equation of motion in which the nonlinear effect is taken into account and the averaged equation which is derived by applying the method of multiple scales. The bifurcation diagram is theoretically described. Then, it is clarified that the amplitude of the cantilever beam can be controlled by setting the nonlinear feedback gain. Furthermore, a van der Pol-type self-excited cantilever beam is realized by using a simple apparatus and the validity of amplitude control method by integral control is experimentally confirmed.
Design and Construction of High Magnetic Field Traveling Wave Lines (1963)

A pulsed, capacitively loaded helical line capable of generating 5000-G pulses is described. The line velocity is 15 cm/μsec. Titanate ceramics are used as the dielectric elements. The analysis and design take into account the often overlooked effect of inductive coupling between line elements. A formalism suitable for numerical computation of complicated systems is illustrated. The design can be extended to give a variable velocity 9-kG line.
The potential impacts of climate variability and change on air pollution-related health effects in the United States. (2001)

Climate change may affect exposures to air pollutants by affecting weather, anthropogenic emissions, and biogenic emissions and by changing the distribution and types of airborne allergens. Local temperature, precipitation, clouds, atmospheric water vapor, wind speed, and wind direction influence atmospheric chemical processes, and interactions occur between local and global-scale environments. If the climate becomes warmer and more variable, air quality is likely to be affected. However, the specific types of change (i.e., local, regional, or global), the direction of change in a particular location (i.e., positive or negative), and the magnitude of change in air quality that may be attributable to climate change are a matter of speculation, based on extrapolating present understanding to future scenarios. There is already extensive evidence on the health effects of air pollution. Ground-level ozone can exacerbate chronic respiratory diseases and cause short-term reductions in lung function. Exposure to particulate matter can aggravate chronic respiratory and cardiovascular diseases, alter host defenses, damage lung tissue, lead to premature death, and possibly contribute to cancer. Health effects of exposures to carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, and nitrogen dioxide can include reduced work capacity, aggravation of existing cardiovascular diseases, effects on pulmonary function, respiratory illnesses, lung irritation, and alterations in the lung's defense systems. Adaptations to climate change should include ensuring responsiveness of air quality protection programs to changing pollution levels. Research needs include basic atmospheric science work on the association between weather and air pollutants; improving air pollution models and their linkage with climate change scenarios; and closing gaps in the understanding of exposure patterns and health effects.
New Technique for Ultra-thin Serial Brain Section Imaging Using Scanning Electron Microscopy (2007)

Extract Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2007 in Ft. Lauderdale, Florida, USA, August 5 – August 9, 2007
System, method and computer-readable medium for locating physical phenomena (2023)

A method, system and computer product for detecting the location of a deformation of a structure includes baselining a defined energy transmitting characteristic for each of the plurality of laterally adjacent conductors attached to the structure. Each of the plurality of conductors includes a plurality of segments coupled in series and having an associated unit value representative of the defined energy transmitting characteristic. The plurality of laterally adjacent conductors includes a plurality of identity groups with each identity group including at least one of the plurality of segments from each of the plurality of conductors. Each of the plurality of conductors are monitored for a difference in the defined energy transmitting characteristic when compared with a baseline energy transmitting characteristic for each of the plurality of conductors. When the difference exceeds a threshold value, a location of the deformation along the structure is calculated.
Wide association study of radiological features that predict future knee OA pain: data from the OAI (2014)

In this work a case-control study was done using available data form participates in OAI databases. All case-control subjects present no evidence of pain, no medication for pain, and no symptomatic status, case subjects developed pain in some time point of the study. Radiological information was evaluated with a quantitative and a semi-quantitative score by OAI radiologist groups. The multivariate models obtained in the Bioinformatics study suggest that can exist an association between some of the early joint changes and the presence of future pain.
DNA methylation affects nuclear organization, histone modifications, and linker histone binding but not chromatin compaction (2007)

DNA methylation has been implicated in chromatin condensation and nuclear organization, especially at sites of constitutive heterochromatin. How this is mediated has not been clear. In this study, using mutant mouse embryonic stem cells completely lacking in DNA methylation, we show that DNA methylation affects nuclear organization and nucleosome structure but not chromatin compaction. In the absence of DNA methylation, there is increased nuclear clustering of pericentric heterochromatin and extensive changes in primary chromatin structure. Global levels of histone H3 methylation and acetylation are altered, and there is a decrease in the mobility of linker histones. However, the compaction of both bulk chromatin and heterochromatin, as assayed by nuclease digestion and sucrose gradient sedimentation, is unaltered by the loss of DNA methylation. This study shows how the complete loss of a major epigenetic mark can have an impact on unexpected levels of chromatin structure and nuclear organization and provides evidence for a novel link between DNA methylation and linker histones in the regulation of chromatin structure.
Generation of an induced pluripotent stem cell line from a patient with Stargardt disease caused by biallelic c.[5461–10T>C;5603A>T];[6077T>C] mutations in the ABCA4 gene (2021)

Mutations in ABCA4 gene are causative for autosomal recessive Stargardt disease (STGD1), the most common inherited retinal dystrophy. Here, we report the generation of an induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) line from a STGD1 patient carrying biallelic c.[5461-10T>C;5603A>T];[6077T>C] mutations in the ABCA4 gene. Episomes carrying OCT4, SOX2, KLF4, L-MYC, LIN28 and mp53DD were employed for the reprogramming of patient-derived fibroblasts. This iPSC line expressed comparable pluripotency markers as in a commercially available human iPSC line, displayed normal karyotype and potential for trilineage differentiation, and were negative for both reprogramming episomes and mycoplasma test.
Sum-frequency generation of continuous-wave sodium D_2 resonance radiation (1997)

Sum-frequency generation utilizing two cw single-mode Nd:YAG lasers and a congruent lithium niobate crystal yielded 3.4 mW of very narrow-band (10 kHz over 1 ms) tunable 589-nm cw radiation. This simple solid-state light source is well suited for high-resolution spectroscopy of the sodium D(2) line, as was demonstrated with both conventional and FM-modulated saturation spectroscopy.
Spectral properties of a 2D scalar wave equation with 1D-periodic coefficients: application to SH elastic waves (2011)

The paper provides a rigorous analysis of the dispersion spectrum of SH (shear horizontal) elastic waves in periodically stratified solids. The problem consists of an ordinary differential wave equation with periodic coefficients, which involves two free parameters $ω$ (the frequency) and $k$ (the wavenumber in the direction orthogonal to the axis of periodicity). Solutions of this equation satisfy a quasi-periodic boundary condition which yields the Floquet parameter $K$. The resulting dispersion surface $ω(K,k)$ may be characterized through its cuts at constant values of $K, k$ and $ω$ that define the passband (real $K$) and stopband areas, the Floquet branches and the isofrequency curves, respectively. The paper combines complementary approaches based on eigenvalue problems and on the monodromy matrix $\mathbf{M}$. The pivotal object is the Lyapunov function $Δ(ω^{2},k^{2}) \equiv 1/2\mathrm{trace}\mathbf{M}=\cos K$ which is generalized as a function of two variables. Its analytical properties, asymptotics and bounds are examined and an explicit form of its derivatives obtained. Attention is given to the special case of a zero-width stopband. These ingredients are used to analyze the cuts of the surface $ω(K,k).$ The derivatives of the functions $ω(k)$ at fixed $K$ and $ω(K)$ at fixed $k$ and of the function $K(k)$ at fixed $ω$ are described in detail. The curves $ω(k)$ at fixed $K$ are shown to be monotonic for real $K,$ while they may be looped for complex $K$ (i.e. in the stopband areas). The convexity of the closed (first) real isofrequency curve $K(k)$ is proved thus ruling out low-frequency caustics of group velocity. The results are relevant to the broad area of applicability of ordinary differential equation for scalar waves in 1D phononic (solid or fluid) and photonic crystals.
Improved coefficient coding for adaptive transforms in HEVC (2016)

Adaptive transform learning schemes have been extensively studied in the literature with a goal to achieve better compression efficiency compared to extensively used Discrete Cosine Transforms (DCT) inside a video codec. These transforms are learned offline on a large training set and are tested either in competition with or in place of the core transforms i.e. DCT. In our previous work, we proposed an alternative approach where a set of non-separable content-adaptive transforms are learned on-the-fly on a sequence and then tested on the same sequence in competition with the core transforms. In this paper, we propose to further improve the previously proposed learning scheme by improving the coding of transformed coefficients in context to the online learning of transforms. The first proposed method improves the convergence of the learning scheme by re-ordering the transformed coefficients at each iteration. The second proposed method improves the compression efficiency by modifying the coding of last significant coefficient position in context to adaptive transforms. The results shows that by combining the above proposed methods, one can achieve 1.2% gain on top of the previously proposed scheme.
Section Review Central & Peripheral Nervous Systems: New anti-epileptic drugs (1995)

Standard anti-epileptic drugs (AEDs) are unable to control seizures in as many as 30 - 50% of patients with epilepsy. The overall incidence of unacceptable side-effects, necessitating withdrawal of the drug, is approximately 10%. Furthermore, most of the standard AEDs only possess anti-seizure effects and do not prevent the progression of the epileptic process, i.e., they have no anti-epilepto-genic or neuroprotective effects. The clinical need for new AEDs is, therefore, clear and during the past decade approximately twenty to thirty agents have reached various stages of clinical evaluation. Whereas previously most AEDs were developed by empiric screening, development of many of the newer AEDs has been based upon rational consideration of the pathophysiologic mechanisms underlying seizures. Generally, many of the newer AEDs can be categorised as those that reduce excitaiory transmission or enhance inhibitory transmission. However, despite the growing trend towards rational drug design, the mechanisms of action for several new AEDs remain uncertain. Seven newer AEDs (felbamate, gabapentin. lamotrigine, oxcarbazepine, piracetam, vigabatrin and zonisamide) have been licensed around the world during the last few years. The objective of this review is to evaluate the place of recently licensed AEDs in the therapy of epilepsy and to present some of the newer, promising AEDs that are in various stages of development.
Periquito-de-colar (2018)

O periquito-de-colar (nome científico: <em>Psittacula krameri</em> (Scopoli, 1769), família: <em>Psittacidae</em>) é uma espécie de origem africana e sul asiática, proveniente de fugas de cativeiro ou libertações deliberadas.
Sentient sketchbook : computer-assisted game level authoring (2013)

This paper introduces Sentient Sketchbook, a tool which supports a designer in the creation of game levels.Using map sketches to alleviate designer effort, the tool automates playability checks and evaluations and visualizes significant gameplay properties.Most importantly, this paper introduces constrained novelty search via a two-population paradigm for generating, in real-time, alternatives to the author's design and evaluates its potential against current approaches.The paper concludes with a small-scale user survey during which industry experts interact with Sentient Sketchbook to design game levels.Results demonstrate the tool's potential and provide directions for its improvement.
Mining Twitter Data for Landslide Events Reported Worldwide (2018)

The explosion of user generated content in social media published from mobile devices has led to the concept known as “citizen sensing.” Although English has been adopted by many as a de facto standard international language, reports about events, such as disasters, are frequently provided by citizens in their local language in addition to English. Attempting to integrate citizen reports from many languages is a significant challenge. This article describes the tools that address this challenge to enable the support of citizen-sensing of landslide events reported worldwide. Multilingual support is based on the first unified cross-lingual dataset of word vectors for representing texts in multiple languages. The classification model based on the proposed cross-lingual word vectors outperforms the “native” and “translated” approaches based on monolingual word vectors. Furthermore, it does not require the creation of a separate training set in a local language or its translation to English.
A multicenter phase II study of pazopanib in patients with unresectable or recurrent dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans (DFSP). (2018)

11557 Background: DFSP is a tumor accounting for 6% of soft-tissue sarcoma, with a high risk of local infiltrative dissemination. Wide local excision is the standard treatment. The identification of the COL1A1-PDGFB translocation activating the PDGF pathway in > 90% of DFSP had led to the use of the kinase inhibitor imatinib in locally advanced or metastatic DFSP, with a response rate of 36-57%. Pazopanib (pazo) is a multitargeted tyrosine kinase inhibitor (VEGF, PDGF, KIT) approved in severe pretreated soft-tissue sarcomas. We sought to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pazo in the treatment of DFSP. Methods: We conducted an open-label phase II trial in patients with histologically proven unresectable primary, recurrent or metastatic DFSP. Patients received pazo 800 mg qd. The primary study endpoint was the objective response rate defined as the reduction of the biggest diameter of the tumor ≥ 30%(RECIST) at 6 months(mo) or at surgery if performed before 6 mo. Pharmacodynamics analyses were performed on tumor biopsies and blood samples at baseline, month 1-3-6 and progression (PDGF, PDGFR, VEGF, VEGFR mRNA and downstream signaling pathway components). Results: 23 patients were included from Jul 2010 to Feb 2014 (9 centers, France). 18 had primary, 4 recurrent and 1 metastatic DFSP. The median follow up was 6.2 mo (interquartile range 5.6-7.8). 5 patients (22%, 95% CI: 7-22%) among 23 evaluable had response according to the primary endpoint. The best objective response rate was 30% (7/23, 95%CI 13-53%). 18 patients had surgery, including 12 with free margins. One patient with metastatic DFSP died. Median treatment duration was 3.8 mo (2.1-6.0); 9/23 patients discontinued for AEs; 11(48%) patients had dose reduction. Grade 3-4 AEs were transaminitis(5), cholestasis(3), hemolytic and uremic syndrome(1), nephrotic syndrome(1). No drug-related death occurred. Using FISH the COL1A1-PDGFB translocation was identified in 18 patients(5 not evaluable). High plasma level of soluble VEGFR2 was associated with tumor response (p = 0.01). Conclusions: Our results suggest that pazo is a therapeutic option in DFSP. As compared to previous studies with imatinib, we did not observe an improved response rate. Clinical trial information: NCT01059656.
Wetpaint (2009)

We introduce a technique for exploring multi-layered images by scraping arbitrary areas to determine meaningful relationships. Our system, called Wetpaint, uses perceptual depth cues to help users intuitively navigate between corresponding layers of an image, allowing a rapid assessment of changes and relationships between different views of the same area. Inspired by art diagnostic techniques, this tactile method could have distinct advantages in the general domain as shown by our user study. We propose that the physical metaphor of scraping facilitates the process of determining correlations between layers of an image because it compresses the process of planning, comparison and annotation into a single gesture. We discuss applications for geography, design, and medicine.
A global address space framework for locality aware scheduling of block-sparse computations (2007)

In this paper, we present a mechanism for automatic management of the memory hierarchy, including secondary storage, in the context of a global address space parallel programming framework. The programmer specifies the parallelism and locality in the computation. The scheduling of the computation into stages, together with the movement of the associated data between secondary storage and global memory, and between global memory and local memory, is automatically managed. A novel formulation of hypergraph partitioning is used to model the optimization problem of minimizing disk I/O. Experimental evaluation using a sub-computation from the quantum chemistry domain shows a reduction in the disk I/O cost by up to a factor of 11, and a reduction in turnaround time by up to 49%, as compared to alternative approaches used in state-of-the-art quantum chemistry codes.