gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Viking Orbiter Visual Imaging Subsystem (1976)

Two Viking spacecraft each consisting of an Orbiter and a Lander are on trajectories toward Mars with arrival dates in June and August 1976. A Visual Imaging Subsystem consisting of two slow-scan television cameras forms part of the scientific payload of each Orbiter. These cameras will be used to evaluate the potential landing sites on Mars and to conduct other scientific investigations of the planet. The camera system described in this paper was subjected to an extensive test and calibration program prior to launch. Based on this calibration and subsequent analyses, absolute photometric accuracies of 8.0% may be achieved. Surface resolution exceeding 100 meters will be achieved from the periapsis portion of the Viking orbits. The inherent geometric accuracies of the Orbiter cameras supersede those of previous planetary missions. The analyses of images acquired during the cruise phase of the mission confirms that the cameras have survived the rigors of launch and are performing in a manner consistent with the prelaunch calibrations.
Deletion of the carbonic anhydrase-like geneNCE103 of the yeastSaccharomyces cerevisiae causes an oxygen-sensitive growth defect (1999)

The yeast protein Nce103p encoded by the gene NCE103 (YNL036w) was described by Cleves et al. (1996) as a substrate of the non-classical export pathway which acts independently of the classical pathway through the ER and the Golgi compartments. However, the predicted amino acid sequence of Nce103p shows high levels of identities to carbonic anhydrases of pro- and eukaryotes. A nce103-Delta deletion strain did not grow on a rich peptone-yeast extract-glucose medium under normal aerobic conditions at pH values of 3.0-8.0, but grew like wild-type in an oxygen-free nitrogen or oxygen-reduced atmosphere over this pH range, and was more sensitive to H(2)O(2) than wild-type. No carbonic anhydrase activity could be detected in crude extracts prepared from wild-type, nce103-Delta mutants or in strains transformed with a multicopy plasmid carrying the NCE103 gene. Expression of the Medicago sativa carbonic anhydrase gene (Coba de la Peña et al., 1997), in a yeast expression cassette on a multicopy plasmid, complemented the growth defects caused by the nce103-Delta deletion and carbonic anhydrase activity could be readily detected in the crude extract. The ability of the nce103-Delta deletion strain to grow like wild-type under anaerobic conditions suggests that the protein encoded by NCE103 is required for protection against certain products of an oxidative metabolism and can be replaced in this function by the Medicago sativa carbonic anhydrase. A NCE103 promoter-LacZ fusion in a wild-type background showed that NCE103 is poorly transcribed under aerobic conditions and at an undetectable level under anaerobic conditions.
High-Risk (HPV16) Human Papillomavirus E7 Oncoprotein Is Highly Stable and Extended, with Conformational Transitions that Could Explain Its Multiple Cellular Binding Partners (2002)

High-risk papillomaviruses are known to exert their transforming activity mainly through E7, one of their two oncoproteins. Despite its relevance, no structural information has been obtained that could explain the apparent broad binding specificity of E7. Recombinant E7 from HPV-16 purified to near homogeneity showed two species in gel filtration chromatography, one of these corresponding to a dimer with a molecular weight of 22 kDa, determined by multiangle light scattering. The E7 dimer was isolated for characterization and was shown to undergo a substantial conformational transition when changing from pH 7.0 to 5.0, with an increase in helical structure and increased solvent accessibility to hydrophobic surfaces. The protein was resistant to thermal denaturation even in the presence of SDS, and we show that persistent residual structure in the monomer is responsible for its reported anomalous electrophoretic behavior. The dimer also displays a nonglobular hydrodynamic volume based on gel filtration experiments and becomes more globular in the presence of 0.3 M guanidinium chloride, with hydrophobic surfaces becoming accessible to the solvent, as indicated by the large increase in ANS binding. At low protein concentration, dissociation of the globular E7 dimer was observed, preceding the cooperative unfolding of the structured and extended monomer. Although E7 bears properties that resemble natively unfolded polypeptides, its far-UV circular dichroism spectrum, cooperative unfolding, and exposure of ANS binding sites support a folded and extended, as opposed to disordered and fluctuating, conformation. The large increase in solvent accessibility to hydrophobic surfaces upon small pH decrease within physiological range and in mild denaturant concentrations suggests conformational properties that could have evolved to enable protein-protein recognition of the large number of cellular binding partners reported.
Polarization-maintaining 1064 nm fiber MOPA system with narrow bandwidth for wavelength conversion (2007)

A seeded pulsed diode oscillator and fiber amplifiers are used to obtain a polarized single-mode output with 750 MHz linewidth and over 1 kW peak power with low-nonlinearity for wavelength conversion applications.
Evaluation of gold layer configuration for plasmonic fiber grating biosensors (2018)

Gold-coated fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs) are nowadays a mature technology for lab-on-fiber sensing based on surface plasmon resonance (SPR) excitation. Tilted FBGs bring valuable assets such as easy light injection, remote operation in very small volumes of analytes and immunity to temperature fluctuations. Different gold configurations have been reported to date, without considering their relative performances in terms of biochemical sensing. In this work, we experimentally study the impact of the gold coating on the cladding mode distribution in the tilted FBG amplitude spectrum and subsequently on its sensitivity to cytokeratins used as biomarkers for cancer diagnosis. Some relevant configurations of gold coatings are produced and tested, relying on both the sputtering and electroless plating (ELP) processes. The obtained results confirm that the coating thickness and its roughness drive the biosensing performances. The experimental limit of detection for cytokeratins 17 sensing reaches 14 fM for the most sensitive configurations.
Spin dependent electron absorption in Fe(001)-p(1×1)O: A new candidate for a stable and efficient electron polarization analyzer (1998)

The low energy electron absorption by a p(1×1) ordered oxygen overlayer on magnetized Fe(001) depends on the spin polarization of the primary beam. The peak value of the spin asymmetry is 12.5% at 6 eV electron kinetic energy, where the percentage absorption is 65%. The presence of the surface oxide prevents the system from contamination, so that an almost negligible asymmetry deterioration is observed after prolonged operation in vacuum. After exposure to atmosphere followed by heat-cleaning a peak value still larger than 7% is achieved. These results suggest spin dependent current absorption from Fe(001)-p(1×1)O as a very promising candidate for an efficient and extremely stable electron polarization analyzer.
Impact and Prevention of Far‐Field Sensing in Fallback Mode Switches (2003)

A 9% rate of ventricular FFOS was observed in an unselected population, easily and automatically diagnosed using the internal memory function and the automatic analysis provided by the programmer. Prolongation of the atrial refractory period was more effective than resetting of the atrial sensitivity in eliminating FFOS.
Abstract 11559: Determination of Cardiac Troponin with a Single-Molecule High-Sensitivity Assay and Outcomes in Patients with Stable Coronary Artery Disease: Analysis from PROVE IT-TIMI 22 (2012)

Cardiac troponin (cTn), an established biomarker in acute coronary syndromes (ACS), is also an emerging risk predictor in patients (pts) with stable ischemic heart disease (SIHD). We assessed the p...
Simultaneous Delivery of siRNA and Paclitaxel via a “Two-in-One” Micelleplex Promotes Synergistic Tumor Suppression (2011)

Combination of two or more therapeutic strategies with different mechanisms can cooperatively prohibit cancer development. Combination of chemotherapy and small interfering RNA (siRNA)-based therapy represents an example of this approach. Hypothesizing that the chemotherapeutic drug and the siRNA should be simultaneously delivered to the same tumoral cell to exert their synergistic effect, the development of delivery systems that can efficiently encapsulate two drugs and successfully deliver payloads to targeted sites via systemic administration has proven to be challenging. Here, we demonstrate an innovative "two-in-one" micelleplex approach based on micellar nanoparticles of a biodegradable triblock copolymer poly(ethylene glycol)-b-poly(ε-caprolactone)-b-poly(2-aminoethyl ethylene phosphate) to systemically deliver the siRNA and chemotherapeutic drug. We show clear evidence that the micelleplex is capable of delivering siRNA and paclitaxel simultaneously to the same tumoral cells both in vitro and in vivo. We further demonstrate that systemic administration of the micelleplex carrying polo-like kinase 1 (Plk1) specific siRNA and paclitaxel can induce a synergistic tumor suppression effect in the MDA-MB-435s xenograft murine model, requiring a thousand-fold less paclitaxel than needed for paclitaxel monotherapy delivered by the micelleplex and without activation of the innate immune response or generation of carrier-associated toxicity.
Removal of creosote from soil by bioslurry reactors (1992)

Abstract Biological slurry reactors were tested for removal of polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from creosote contaminated soil. Five bioslurry reactors, operated in parallel, kept the soil aerated, partially suspended and well mixed. The reactors were inoculated with indigenous microbes of the Genus Pseudomonas. Nutrients were added to maintain the optimum ratio of carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus. Temperature within the reactors was approximately 25°C. The slurry consisted of approximately 30% contaminated soil. Results of pilot studies showed that approximately 90% of the total PAHs were removed in the first two weeks. Total PAH concentration in the soil was reduced from approximately 10,973 mg/kg to 1,097 mg/kg. Two and three ring PAHs, such as naphthalene, fluorene, and phenanthrene were approximately 96% removed in the first two weeks and higher ring compounds such as chrysene, benzo‐a‐pyrene, and benzo(b) fluoranthene were approximately 83% removed in the first two weeks.
APP family member dimeric complexes are formed predominantly in synaptic compartments (2023)

Together, we suggest that loss of full-length APP dimers might correlate with loss of synapses in the process of AD.
Proximal "Tube" Realignment of the Patella for Chondromalacia Patellae (1979)

In young people complaining of patellar pain there is often an anatomic basis (an increased quadriceps angle or a high-riding patella). Forty-eight knees with one or other of these abnormalities underwent proximal quadriceps realignment. The results were excellent or good in 94%. Shaving of chondromalacic cartilage was also done in 11 knees but did not seem to improve the results, and is not now recommended except for "blister" lesions. Extensor mechanism dysplasia is an etiologically correct name for the disorder and therefore preferable to "chondromalacia patellae."
Nuclear Factor kappa B p65 Expression in Mouse Cochlea (2007)

Nuclear factor kappa B(NF-κB) is one of the best-characterized transcription factors playing important roles in many cellular responses to a large variety of stimuli, including inflammatory cytokines, phorbol esters, growth factors, and bacterial and viral products. The aim of this study is to demonstrate NF-κB expression in the mouse cochlea and its enhancement in response to lipopolysaccharides(LPS) and kanamycin(KA) treatment. KA treatment consisted of subcutaneous KA injections at 700 mg/kg twice a day with an eight-hour interval between the two injections for 3 or 7 days. For animals in the LPS treatment group, a single dose of 0.3 mg LPS dissolved in 0.2 ml sterile saline were injected into both bullae through the tympanic membrane and kept there for 3 hours. Animals in the control group received subcutaneous saline injection for 7 days. Following immmunohistochemichal processing with rabbit polyclonal anti-NF-κB p65 antibodies, cryosections of the cochlea were examined for expression of NF-κB p65 in various structures in the cochlea. NF-κB p65 expression, identified by presence of brown reaction products characteristic of DAB immunohistochemistry, was visible in the spiral ligament, spiral prominence, tectorial membrane(TM), spiral ganglion and nerve fibers. Relatively weak NF-κB p65 expression was also visualized in the organ of Corti. Within the organ of Corti, the inner hair cells (IHC), outer hair cells (OHC), inner pillar cells (IP), outer pillar cells (OP), Deiter’s cells(DC), and Böettcher’s cells exhibited stronger staining than the inner sulcus cells, Hensen’s cells(HC) and Claudius’cells. No NF-κB p65 expression was seen in the nucleus of the IHC and OHC. NF-κB p65 expression was increased in animals exposed to LPS or KA, demonstrating significant differences in the staining between control animals and LPS/KA-treated animals. NF-κB p65 expression was not significantly different between LPS treated and KA treated animals or between 3 and 7 days in KA-treated animals. LPS and KA exposure increases expression of NF-κB p65 in the mouse cochlea.
Über fluorhaltige Verbindungen der Elemente der V. Hauptgruppe. III. Tetrachlorphosphorfluorid, PCl4F (1956)

Abstract Die thermische Zersetzung von [PCl 4 ] + [PF 6 ] − führt zur Bildung von PF 5 und einer neuen Verbindung PCl 4 F. PCl 4 F kommt in einer flüssigen unpolaren und in einer festen, polar gebauten Form [PCl 4 ] + F − vor. Die chemischen und physikalischen Eigenschaften der beiden Formen des PCl 4 F werden beschrieben.
Electromagnetically tracked placement of a peripherally inserted central catheter (2004)

This paper describes a computer program to utilize electromagnetic tracking guidance during insertion of peripherally inserted central catheters. Placement of a Peripherally Inserted Central Catheter (PICC) line is a relatively simple, routine procedure in which a catheter is inserted into the veins of the lower arm and threaded up the arm to the vena cava to sit just above the heart. However, the procedure requires x-ray verification of the catheter position and is usually done under continuous fluoroscopic guidance. The computer program is designed to replace fluoroscopic guidance in this procedure and make PICC line placement a bedside procedure. This would greatly reduce the time and resources dedicated to this procedure. The physician first goes through a quick registration procedure to register the patient space with the computer screen coordinates. Once registration is completed, the program provides a continuous, real-time display of the position of the catheter tip overlaid on an x-ray image of the patient on an adjacent computer screen. Both the position and orientation of the catheter tip is shown. The display is very similar to that shown when using fluoroscopy.
Structure and Interfacial Properties of Human Apolipoprotein A-V (2003)

Apolipoprotein A-V (apoA-V), the newest member of the plasma apolipoprotein family, was recently discovered by comparison of the mouse and human genomes. Studies in rodents and population surveys of human apoA-V polymorphisms have noted a strong effect of apoA-V on plasma triglyceride levels. Toward the elucidation of the biologic function of apoA-V, we used spectroscopic and surface chemistry techniques to probe its structure and interfacial activity. Computer-assisted sequence analysis of apoA-V predicts that it is very hydrophobic, contains a significant amount of alpha-helical secondary structure, and probably is composed of discrete structural regions with varying degrees of lipid affinity. Fluorescence spectroscopy of recombinant human apoA-V provided evidence of tertiary folding, and light scattering studies indicated that apoA-V transforms dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine vesicles into discoidal complexes with an efficiency similar to that of apoA-I. Surface chemistry techniques revealed that apoA-V displays high affinity, low elasticity, and slow binding kinetics at hydrophobic interfaces, properties we propose may retard triglyceride-rich particle assembly. Metabolic labeling and immunofluorescence studies of COS-1 cells transfected with human apoA-V demonstrated that apoA-V is poorly secreted, remains associated with the endoplasmic reticulum, and does not traffic to the Golgi. Given that overexpression of the apoA-V gene lowers plasma triglycerides in mice, these data together suggest that apoA-V may function intracellularly to modulate hepatic VLDL synthesis and/or secretion.
Vibrational spectrum of Granular packings with random matrices (2024)

Abstract The vibrational spectrum of granular packings can be used as a signature of the jamming transition, with the density of states at zero frequency becoming nonzero at the transition. It has been proposed previously that the vibrational spectrum of granular packings can be approximately obtained from random matrix theory. Here, we show that the autocorrelation function of the density of states shows good agreement between dynamical numerical simulations of frictionless bead packs near the jamming point and the analytic predictions of the Laguerre orthogonal ensemble of random matrices; there is clear disagreement with the Gaussian orthogonal ensemble, establishing that the Laguerre ensemble correctly reproduces the universal statistical properties of jammed granular matter and excluding the Gaussian orthogonal ensemble. We also present a random lattice model which is a physically motivated variant of the random matrix ensemble. Numerical calculations reveal that this model reproduces the known features of the vibrational density of states of frictionless granular matter, while also retaining the correlation structure seen in the Laguerre random matrix theory. Graphic abstract
DC characteristics of pnp AlGaAs/GaAs narrow-base heterojunction bipolar transistors (1989)

AlGaAs/GaAs pnp narrow-base heterojunction bipolar transistors (NBHBTs) exhibiting low collector cut in voltages (0.25–0.3 V) and operation at collector current densities of &gt; 1.5 × 104A/cm2 have been fabricated. Devices with a base width of 50 Å and nominal base doping densities of 3, 6, and 9 × 1018cm−3 exhibit maximum common-emitter DC current gains of 105, 21 and 5, respectively.
Demonstration of locomotion with the powered prosthesis AMPRO utilizing online optimization-based control (2015)

This demonstration presents an unimpaired subject walking with a custom built self-contained powered transfemoral prosthesis: AMPRO, which is controlled by a novel nonlinear real-time optimization based controller. To achieve the behaviors that will be demonstrated, controllers that have been successfully implemented on bipedal walking robots are translated to the prosthesis with the goal of achieving natural human-like walking while minimizing power consumption. To achieve this goal, we begin by collecting reference human locomotion data via Inertial measurement Units (IMUs). This data forms the basis for an optimization problem that generates virtual constraints for the prosthesis that provably yields walking in simulation. Utilizing methods that have proven successful in generating stable robotic locomotion, control Lyapunov function (CLF) based Quadratic Programs (QPs) are utilized to optimally track the resulting desired trajectories. The parameterization of the trajectories is determined through a combination of on-board sensing on the prosthesis together with IMU data, thereby coupling the actions of the user with the controller. Finally, impedance control is integrated into the QP yielding an optimization based control law that displays remarkable tracking and robustness, outperforming traditional PD and impedance control strategies.
Considerations for development of specifications for subsurface waste-handling equipment (1979)

Reserpine evokes transsynaptic impulse activity by depleting catecholaminergic neurotransmitters in the rat brain. Previous studies suggest a relationship between catecholaminergic activity and calmodulin concentration. In this report we employ Northern blot analysis to examine the effect of a single subcutaneous injection of reserpine on levels of calmodulin mRNA species which are preferentially expressed in neurons of the rat brain. Regional differences in mRNA levels were also investigated by in situ hybridization and drug-induced changes were noted particularly in specific regions of the rat brain stem. The riboprobe used in the in situ hybridization study recognized a 4.0 kilobase neuronal calmodulin mRNA species (NGB1), which was derived from the rat CaM1 gene. A calmodulin radio-immunoassay was utilized to demonstrate a drug-induced increased in calmodulin protein levels in a region which included the brain stem.
Inosine Triphosphate Pyrophosphohydrolase Expression: Decreased in Leukocytes of HIV-Infected Patients Using Combination Antiretroviral Therapy (2016)

HIV-infection seems to be interfering with the nucleotide metabolism in leukocytes, including CD4 lymphocytes, by decreasing ITPase expression, independently of ITPA genotype. Given that active metabolites of purine-analogue reverse transcriptase inhibitors are potential substrates for ITPase, these results warrant further research towards effectiveness and adverse events of purine analogues and ITPase activity.
Liquid/solid phase transfer activation of Grubbs-type alkene metathesis catalysts; application of silver salts of sulfonated polystyrene (2014)

An analog of Grubbs' second generation catalyst with a tetralkylammonium chloride containing phosphine exhibits faster rates in the presence of polystyrene-SO<sub>3</sub>Ag.
ChemInform Abstract: Approach to Trisubstituted 3‐Aminopyrrole Derivatives by Yb(OTf)3‐Catalyzed [4 + 1] Annulation of 2‐Azadiene with Me3SiCN. (2010)

Abstract In addition to the novel synthesis of 3‐aminopyrroles, the transformation of pyrroles bearing the isoxazole group into pyrrolo[3,4‐b]pyridin‐4‐ones through a reductive ring‐opening reaction and subsequent intramolecular cyclization is reported.