gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Transgenic cyclooxygenase-2 overexpression sensitizes mouse skin for carcinogenesis (2002)

Genetic and pharmacological evidence suggests that overexpression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) is critical for epithelial carcinogenesis and provides a major target for cancer chemoprevention by nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs. Transgenic mouse lines with keratin 5 promoter-driven COX-2 overexpression in basal epidermal cells exhibit a preneoplastic skin phenotype. As shown here, this phenotype depends on the level of COX-2 expression and COX-2-mediated prostaglandin accumulation. The transgenics did not develop skin tumors spontaneously but did so after a single application of an initiating dose of the carcinogen 7,12-dimethylbenz[ a ]anthracene (DMBA). Long-term treatment with the tumor promoter phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate, as required for tumorigenesis in wild-type mice, was not necessary for transgenics. The ratios of squamous cell carcinomas to papillomas and of sebaceous gland adenomas to papillomas plus squamous cell carcinomas were increased markedly in transgenic mice treated with DMBA alone compared with DMBA/phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate-treated transgenic and wild-type mice. Thus, COX-2 overexpression, which leads to high levels of epidermal prostaglandin E 2 , prostaglandin F 2α , and 15-deoxy Δ12,14 -PGJ 2 , is insufficient for tumor induction but transforms epidermis into an “autopromoted” state, i.e., dramatically sensitizes the tissue for genotoxic carcinogens.
Chemical Defects in the Highly Fluorescent Conjugated Polymer Dots (2010)

We present strong evidence for the oxidation of conjugated polymers in the formation of conjugated polymer dots (CPdots) using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Although recent studies show that folding of the polymer chain into a compact 3D structure is involved in the formation of these nanoparticles, the process by which these intrinsically hydrophobic nanoscale particles circumvent aggregation in water is still not well understood. Zeta potential results show that these dots have a negatively charged surface at neutral pH, with a zeta potential and surface charge density of approximately -40 mV and (1.39 - 1.70) × 10(-2) C/m(2), respectively. In addition, quantitative elemental analysis of CPdots indicates that oxygen composes 7-13% of these nanoparticles. The overall results support the presence of chemical defects in forming a hydrophilic surface of CPdots. As a consequence, the charged surface contributes to inhibiting the aggregation of CPdots in water, leading to colloidal stability.
Quantitative real‐time RT‐PCR analysis in desert locusts reveals phase dependent differences in neuroparsin transcript levels (2005)

In different parts of the world, locust swarms cause severe ecological and economic damage. However, the physiological mechanisms underlying this gregarization process remain elusive. In this study, we present a detailed quantitative analysis of two neuroparsin precursor (Scg-NPP1 and Scg-NPP2) transcripts in the brain, fat body, gut, gonads and accessory glands of male and female, gregarious and solitarious desert locusts (Schistocerca gregaria). These transcripts are generally more abundant in solitarious than in gregarious animals. In contrast to their gregarious congeners, solitarious locusts contain detectable Scg-NPP1 and Scg-NPP2 transcript levels in the fat body. Moreover, our data reveal temporal changes of neuroparsin mRNA levels in the brains and fat bodies of adult isolated-reared locusts. This paper provides the first scientific evidence for phase-dependent transcriptional regulation of neuropeptide hormone encoding genes.
Operation Mechanism of Organic Electrochemical Transistors as Redox Chemical Transducers (2021)

&lt;p&gt;There is intense interest in utilizing the redox activity of Organic Mixed Ionic Electronic Conductors for faradaic chemical sensing. In particular, the investigation of organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs) as biosensors due to their low operational potentials, ease of fabrication (e.g. by inkjet printing), biocompatibility, and large transconductance. &lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;It has become common practice in the OECT community to combine both chemical detection and transistor function within the same compartment, assuming that the sensor signal is amplified seamlessly by the sensing OECT. These devices however routinely encounter several challenges whose origins often remained unclear. Some of these challenges are 1) small changes in drain current, contradicting OECT’s oft-touted current-amplifying abilities. 2) Irreversible chemical changes to the semiconducting polymer electrodes. 3) Parasitic side reactions convoluting the sensing signal, exacerbated by applied voltages.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;In this manuscript, we show that optimization of OECT-based sensors requires more rigorous characterization of electrode potentials to elucidate electrochemical phenomena, a practice that is often largely absent in current reports. Our analysis of fundamental device physics of various OECT architectures shows that despite what a large fraction of the organic bioelectronics community still believes, amperometric OECTs either 1) do not display any transistor behavior, and in fact operate merely as electrodes or 2) Undergo irreversible changes and are extremely complex to calibrate, or both 1) and 2). &lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Indeed, to fully utilize the OECT’s large transconductance, a separate 2-electrode Reaction Cell which is utilized to gate a separate OECT is needed (RC-OECT). In this manuscript, in addition to showing that the RC-OECT resolves the fundamentally and irreconcilably contradicting design principles of amperometric OECTs, we demonstrate that it provides great device and materials design flexibility. Finally, we elucidate the basic principles on how to further optimize the RC-OECT.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;We believe that our findings will be of great interest to researchers in the fields of bioelectronics as a call to action to re-evaluate present approaches of utilizing OECTs for chemical detection and to help practitioners select materials and designs to optimize redox sensors based on organic semiconductors. &lt;/p&gt;
Immunocompetence of leukemic murine lymphoblasts: ultrastructure, virus and globulin production. (1970)

Direct and indirect immunofluorescence studies of a mouse lymphoma cell line with antisera specific for the 5 major classes of mouse immunoglobulins demonstrated the capacity of the cells to produce immunoglobulins γ1 and γ2a. Similar studies with specific monkey and rabbit anti-Rauscher sera demonstrated the presence of Rauscher viral antigens in the same cell line. Ultrastructural investigations confirmed the viral infection and showed the presence of typical murine leukemia virus. These results indicate that the murine lymphoma cell line 818 has the capacity both to produce immunoglobulins and to carry or replicate a leukemogenic virus at the same time. Implications of these findings regarding the known association between immunological diseases and neoplasias of the reticuloendothelial tissue are discussed.
<title>Recent multiwave Cherenkov generator experiments</title> (1994)

The initial operating characteristics of the North Star Research Corporation multiwave generator experiment are discussed.
PLZF, a Tumor Suppressor Genetically Lost in Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer, Is a Mediator of Resistance to Androgen Deprivation Therapy (2015)

Whole-exome sequencing of metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) reveals that 5% to 7% of tumors harbor promyelocytic leukemia zinc finger (PLZF) protein homozygous deletions. PLZF is a canonical androgen-regulated putative tumor suppressor gene whose expression is inhibited by androgen deprivation therapy (ADT). Here, we demonstrate that knockdown of PLZF expression promotes a CRPC and enzalutamide-resistant phenotype in prostate cancer cells. Reintroduction of PLZF expression is sufficient to reverse androgen-independent growth mediated by PLZF depletion. PLZF loss enhances CRPC tumor growth in a xenograft model. Bioinformatic analysis of the PLZF cistrome shows that PLZF negatively regulates multiple pathways, including the MAPK pathway. Accordingly, our data support an oncogenic program activated by ADT. This acquired mechanism together with the finding of genetic loss in CRPC implicates PLZF inactivation as a mechanism promoting ADT resistance and the CRPC phenotype.
"I know what you did last summer" (2007)

We investigate the subtle cues to user identity that may be exploited in attacks on the privacy of users in web search query logs. We study the application of simple classifiers to map a sequence of queries into the gender, age, and location of the user issuing the queries. We then show how these classifiers may be carefully combined at multiple granularities to map a sequence of queries into a set of candidate users that is 300-600 times smaller than random chance would allow. We show that this approach remains accurate even after removing personally identifiable information such as names/numbers or limiting the size of the query log.
The mouse model is suitable for the study of viral factors governing transmission and pathogenesis of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) viruses in mammals (2010)

Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) viruses of the H5 and H7 subtype pose a major public health threat due to their capacity to cross the species barrier and infect mammals, for example dogs, cats and humans. In the present study we tested the capacity of selected H7 and H5 HPAI viruses to infect and to be transmitted from infected BALB/c mice to contact sentinels. Previous experiments have shown that viruses belonging to both H5 and H7 subtypes replicate in the respiratory tract and central nervous system of experimentally infected mice. In this study we show that selected H7N1 and H5N1 HPAI viruses can be transmitted from mouse-to-mouse by direct contact, and that in experimentally infected animals they exhibit a different pattern of replication and transmission. Our results can be considered as a starting point for transmission experiments involving other influenza A viruses with alpha 2-3 receptor affinity in order to better understand the viral factors influencing transmissibility of these viruses in selected mammalian species.
Lösungsmöglichkeiten nach fehlgeschlagenen Osteosynthesen: Calcaneus (2004)

Fehlgeschlagene Osteosynthesen am Calcaneus sind in den meisten Fällen durch eine unzureichende anatomische Rekonstruktion, besonders der subtalaren Gelenkfacette, bedingt. Nur gelegentlich kommt es durch die Wahl eines falschen Zugangs, des ungeeigneten Implantates, mangelhafter Fixationstechnik oder am seltensten durch die fehlende Compliance des Patienten in der Nachbehandlung zu Fehlschlägen. Lösungsmöglichkeiten zur Frühkorrektur von fehlgeschlagenen Osteosynthesen am Calcaneus, insbesondere mit dem Ziel der Gelenkerhaltung innerhalb der ersten 3 bis 6 Wochen postoperativ sind sehr begrenzt. Dies hat mehrere Gründe wie die rasche Fehlverheilung, die postoperative Inaktivitätsosteoporose und das erhöhte Infektrisiko.
A space vector modulation for a low zero-sequence voltage output (2003)

A space vector PWM (SVM) algorithm is designed to prevent zero-sequence currents between tandem inverters in three phase applications. The development is motivated and illustrated by a GTO/IGBT inverter system, feeding a large three phase motor. In applications where harmonic emissions are highly undesirable, the low power/fast switching IGBT is used to cancel the GTO low frequency current ripple. Stray zero-sequence currents between inverters may saturate the IGBT and should thus be prevented. This requires a customized SVM in the GTO, which is presented here.
High-throughput enzymology and combinatorial mutagenesis for mining cytochrome P450 functions (2008)

A method to measure HT kinetics is presented. The proposed statistical approach is illustrated with tri- and tetracyclic substrates and artificial variant enzymes of the CYP1A subfamily.
CHARACTERIZATION OF INTERACTIONS BETWEEN BUBBLES AND FLUID TURBULENCE UTILIZING PTV-BASED SGS (2009)

The mechanisms of turbulence modification by dispersed bubbles in an upward bubbly pipe flow were investigated. The liquid-phase velocity was measured by particle tracking velocimetry with Sub-Kolmogorov time and spatial resolution. Sub-Kolmogorov resolution is high enough to obtain small scale structures of the modified turbulence by bubbles. Gas-phase behaviors were measured by a shape projection imaging technique. Two different bubble diameters at the void fraction up to 1.5% were examined. The profiles of mean streamwise velocity of water were flattened in the pipe middle region, because the bubbles accumulated near the pipe wall accelerated the fluid. The flattened mean flow profiles suppressed the shear-induced turbulence intensities. In the present study, we introduced a scaling method by expanding the spatial filtering techniques applied for measured velocity fields to characterize length scales that govern the energy transfer between bubbles and turbulence. Large energy transport from bubbles to the fluids was clearly observed at the scale of from 2 to 3 times the bubble diameter. The findings above give guidance on the physics and modeling of multiphase turbulence.
Sizing of a Fully Integrated Hypersonic Commercial Airliner (2011)

A study was conducted to demonstrate an approach to sizing of a fully integrated hypersonic commercial airliner, which was based on the parametric sizing methodology. It consisted of defining a set of equations that relates mission requirements to geometry, aerodynamic, and propulsion efficiencies, which were solved simultaneously. The next step involved identifying the final configuration of a wholly integrated hypersonic vehicle with trimming, control surfaces, and an integrated propulsion system. Vehicle weights, along with volumes and aerodynamic efficiencies were iterated until all weights converge and the thrust required to climb and cruise was met by engines specification.
Phenotipage racinaire, cas d'étude des légumineuses (2012)

National audience
Oil Recovery Performance Of Pattern Gas Or Water Injection Operations From Model Tests (1955)

Published in Petroleum Transactions, AIME, Vol. 204, 1955, pages 7–15. Paper presented at Petroleum Branch Fall Meeting in San Antonio, Oct. 17–20, 1954. Abstract A series of both water and gas pattern floods was made in the laboratory to study the oil recovery performances of such operations. These tests were conducted on consolidated sandstone models, using oil, water, and gas. The model floods were scaled to reproduce field performance under gas and water five-spot injection, X-ray shadowgraphs permitted observation of the gross fluid movement within the models. A method was developed for applying the mobility ratio concept to water flooding and dispersed gas drives in a five-spot well pattern. The areal sweep efficiency at breakthrough for dispersed gas drives is much higher than previously expected, lying in the range of 50 to 100 per cent. A method is presented for predicting the water-oil ratio performance of five-spot pattern water floods in uniform sands. This method is verified experimentally for the condition of no free gas initially present and for values of gas saturation normally encountered in fields following depletion operations. Production performance for pattern gas injection is also predictable by this method.
On the poverty of theory: natural hazards research in context (2019)

A proper starting point for the study of environmental hazards is the epistemology and conception of nature itself. A great deal of the conceptual and theoretical questions posed by the natural hazard paradigm emerges from the broad epistemological context in which such work is ultimately grounded. This should come as no surprise because, as Gregory Bateson pointed out long ago, epistemological premises which predicate all intellectual labour are notoriously sticky and colour all theoretical practice. The chapter considers basic arguments with respect to the general body of environmental research of which hazards specifically part. Although geographic work on hazards has often been seen as a separate realm of enquiry associated with decision-making models, it is clearly aligned with the phalanx of work which broadly falls under the title of human-cultural ecology or ecological anthropology. Largely under the auspices of Gilbert White, a field of geographic natural hazards research was conceived.
Neuropsychiatric thalamocortical dysrhythmia: surgical implications (2003)

Neuropsychiatric surgery has had a long and complex history with examples of less than optimal surgical procedures implemented in wrong settings. Such past errors have raised important philosophical and ethical issues that remain with us for good reasons. However, the existence of enormous suffering due to chronic therapy-resistant disabling neuropsychiatric disorders compels a search for alternative surgical approaches based on a sound understanding of the underlying physiopathological mechanisms. We bring evidence, from single cell physiology and magnetoencephalography, for the existence of a set of neuropsychiatric disorders characterized by localized and protracted low frequency spontaneous recurrent activation of the thalamocortical system. This condition, labeled thalamocortical dysrhythmia, underlies certain chronic psychotic, affective, obsessive compulsive, anxiety and impulse control disorders. Considering the central role of recurrent oscillatory thalamocortical properties in the generation of normal hemispheric functions, we propose a surgical approach that provides a reestablishment of normal thalamocortical oscillations without reduction of cortical tissue and its specific thalamic connectivity. It consists of small strategically placed pallidal and medial thalamic lesions that serve to make subcritical the increased low frequency thalamocortical recurrent network activity. This result is attained via reduction of both thalamic overinhibition and low frequency over-synchronization. Thalamic disinhibition is obtained by a lesion in the anterior medial paralimbic pallidum. The medial thalamic lesion is localized in the posterior part of the central lateral nucleus, where a large majority of cells have been shown to be locked in low frequency production and to have lost their normal activation patterns. We present here our experience with 11 patients, including clinical follow ups and pre- and postsurgical magnetoencephalographic studies. The evidence speaks (1) for a benign and efficient surgical approach, and (2) for the relevance of the patient’s presurgical cognitive and social settings, making them more or less prone to postoperative psychoreactive manifestations upon rekindling of personal goals and social reentry.
Fructose 1,6-diphosphate aldolase-catalysed stereoselective C–C bond formation (1991)

Fructose 1,6-diphosphate aldolase has been used as a catalyst for the synthesis (1–15 mmol scales) of several unusual sugar derivatives, including 5-deoxy-D-fructose, 6-deoxy-6-chloro-D-fructose, 6-deoxy-6-vinyl-D-fructose, 5,7-dideoxy-7-azido-L-xylo-heptulose, 5-deoxy-L-xylo-heptulose, 5,7-dideoxy-7-amino-L-xylo-heptulose and 5-deoxy-5-acetamido-L-xylo-hexulose.
Transmission of Murine Cytomegalovirus in Breast Milk: a Model of Natural Infection in Neonates (2011)

ABSTRACT Vertical transmission of viruses in breast milk can expose neonates to infectious pathogens at a time when the capacity of their immune system to control infections is limited. We developed a mouse model to study the outcomes of acquisition of murine cytomegalovirus (MCMV) when neonates are breastfed by mothers with acute or latent infection. Breast milk leukocytes collected from lactating mice were examined for the presence of MCMV IE-1 mRNA by reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR) with Southern analysis. As determined by this criterion, breast milk leukocytes from both acute and latent mothers were positive for MCMV. This mimics the outcome seen in humans with latent cytomegalovirus infection, where reactivation of virus occurs specifically in the lactating mammary gland. Interestingly, intraperitoneal injection of breast milk collected from mothers with latent infection was sufficient to transfer MCMV to neonatal mice, demonstrating that breast milk was a source of virus. Furthermore, we found that MCMV was transmitted from infected mothers to breastfed neonates, with MCMV IE-1 mRNA or infectious virus present in multiple organs, including the brain. In fact, 1 day of nursing was sufficient to transmit MCMV from latent mothers to breastfed neonatal mice. Together, these data validate this mouse model of vertical transmission of MCMV from mothers with acute or latent MCMV infection to breastfed neonates. Its relevance to human disease should prove useful in future studies designed to elucidate the immunological and pathological ramifications of neonatal infection acquired via this natural route.
Continuous-curvature paths for autonomous vehicles (2003)

The paths followed by autonomously guided vehicles (AGVs) are generally made up of line and circular-arc segments. For most AGVs, the steering functions required to keep the position and heading of the cart continuously aligned with such paths have discontinuities at the line-arc-line transitions points, because the curvature of the path is discontinuous at these points. For applications where continuous-curvature paths are desired, two types of curves are proposed; polar polynomials in place of circular-arc segments, and Cartesian polynomials in place of arc-arc or arc-line-arc segments for lane change maneuvers. Both curves have computationally simple, closed-form expressions that provide continuous curvature and precise matching of the boundary conditions at the line-curve junctions on the paths. The use of these curves in place of circular arcs for the reference-path generator on an experimental AGV has improved its tracking accuracy during the following turns, particularly at higher speeds.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Laser recanalization of peripheral arteries (2005)

The aim of this study was to assess safety and efficacy of excimer laser (XeCl, 308 nm) recanalization of diseased peripheral arteries not amenable to conventional balloon dilatation. In 21 patients (ages 44–77) with multiple vascular lesions, laser recanalization of 43 calcified occlusions (2–5 per patient) of 0.5–17.5 cm in length; iliac (21 iliac lesions in 9 patients: group I, 31 femoropopliteal lesions in 12 patients: group II) was attempted. Laser irradiation (60–80 mJ io:/mm2 and 120 ns per pulse, 20 Hz) was applied via concentric and excentric multifiber 4.5–9.0 Fr catheters. In group I, perforation of the aortic wall occurred in one, long-term patency, and normal pain-free walking distances were achieved in all nine patients. In group II, perforation/dissection occurred in four, successful recanalization resulted in peripheral embolization in three, and late reocclusion occurred in two patients. However, clinical improvement (Fontaine class 0–II) could be verified in 7 (60%) of the 12 patients in a follow-up of 9–34 months. Excimer laser recanalization is an alternative to surgical revascularization in patients with peripheral artery occlusions not amenable to conventional percutaneous angioplasty procedures.
An Interaction between β-Phenylethylamine and Noradrenaline: An Iontophoretic Study in the Rat Cerebral Cortex (1988)

The trace amines are a group of endogenous aromatic amines found in low concentrations in the nervous systems of many invertebrate and vertebrate species. They are a diverse group of compounds and it seems likely that they have diverse functions. It has been postulated that trace amines may act as neuromodulators (Boulton, 1976, 1980), false transmitters (Baldessarini, 1974), co-transmitters (Axelrod and Saavedra, 1977), or that they may be neurotransmitters in their own right (Jones, 1982b, Stoof et al. 1976).