gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
High-Calorific Biogas Production by Selective CO2 Retention at Autogenerated Biogas Pressures up to 20 Bar (2011)

Autogenerative high pressure digestion (AHPD) is a novel configuration of anaerobic digestion, in which micro-organisms produce autogenerated biogas pressures up to 90 bar with >90% CH(4)-content in a single step reactor. (1) The less than 10% CO(2)-content was postulated to be resulting from proportionally more CO(2) dissolution relative to CH(4) at increasing pressure. However, at 90 bar of total pressure Henry's law also predicts dissolution of 81% of produced CH(4). Therefore, in the present research we studied whether CO(2) can be selectively retained in solution at moderately high pressures up to 20 bar, aiming to produce high-calorific biogas with >90% methane. Experiments were performed in an 8 L closed fed-batch pressure digester fed with acetate as the substrate. Experimental results confirmed CH(4) distribution over gas and liquid phase according to Henry's law, but the CO(2)-content of the biogas was only 1-2%, at pH 7, that is, much lower than expected. By varying the ratio between acid neutralizing capacity (ANC) and total inorganic carbon (TIC(produced)) of the substrate between 0 and 1, the biogas CO(2)-content could be controlled independently of pressure. However, by decreasing the ANC relative to the TIC(produced) CO(2) accumulation in the aqueous medium caused acidification to pH 5, but remarkably, acetic acid was still converted into CH(4) at a rate comparable to neutral conditions.
Breast cancer, heterocyclic aromatic amines from meat and N-acetyltransferase 2 genotype (2000)

Breast cancer risk has been hypothesized to increase with exposure to heterocyclic aromatic amines (HAAs) formed from cooking meat at high temperature. HAAs require enzymatic activation to bind to DNA and initiate carcinogenesis. N-acetyltransferase 2 (NAT2) enzyme activity may play a role, its rate determined by a polymorphic gene. We examined the effect of NAT2 genetic polymorphisms on breast cancer risk from exposure to meat by cooking method, doneness and estimated HAA [2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazole[4,5-b]pyridine (PhIP), 2-amino-3,8-dimethylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoxaline (MeIQx) and 2-amino-3,4,8-trimethylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoxaline (DiMeIQx)] intake. Women were recruited with suspicious breast masses and questionnaire data were collected prior to biopsy to blind subjects and interviewers to diagnoses. For 114 cases with breast cancer and 280 controls with benign breast disease, NAT2 genotype was determined using allele-specific PCR amplification to detect slow acetylator mutations. HAAs were estimated from interview data on meat type, cooking method and doneness, combined with a quantitative HAA database. Logistic regression models controlled for known risk factors, first including all controls, then 108 with no or low risk (normal breast or no hyperplasia) and finally 149 with high risk (hyperplasia, atypical hyperplasia, complex fibroadenomas). Meat effects were examined within NAT2 strata to assess interactions. We found no association between NAT2 and breast cancer. These Californian women ate more white than red meat (control median 46 versus 8 g/day). There were no significant associations of breast cancer with red meat for any doneness. White meat was significantly protective (>67 versus <26 g/day, OR 0.46, 95% CI 0.23-0.94, P for trend = 0.02), as was chicken, including well done, pan fried and barbecued chicken. MeIQx and DiMeIQx were not associated with breast cancer. A protective effect of PhIP was confounded after controlling for well done chicken. Results were unchanged using low or high risk controls or dropping 30 in situ cases. There was no interaction between NAT2 and HAAs. These findings do not support a role for HAAs from meat or NAT2 in the etiology of breast cancer. Further research is needed to explain the white meat association.
Potential influences on optimizing long-term musculoskeletal health in children and adolescents with X-linked hypophosphatemia (XLH) (2022)

In recent years, much progress has been made in understanding the mechanisms of bone growth and development over a lifespan, including the crosstalk between muscle and bone, to achieve optimal structure and function. While there have been significant advances in understanding how to help improve and maintain bone health in normal individuals, there is limited knowledge on whether these mechanisms apply or are compromised in pathological states. X-linked hypophosphatemia (XLH) (ORPHA:89936) is a rare, heritable, renal phosphate-wasting disorder. The resultant chronic hypophosphatemia leads to progressive deterioration in musculoskeletal function, including impaired growth, rickets, and limb deformities in children, as well as lifelong osteomalacia with reduced bone quality and impaired muscle structure and function. The clinical manifestations of the disease vary both in presentation and severity in affected individuals, and many of the consequences of childhood defects persist into adulthood, causing significant morbidity that impacts physical function and quality of life. Intervention to restore phosphate levels early in life during the critical stages of skeletal development in children with XLH could optimize growth and may prevent or reduce bone deformities in childhood. A healthier bone structure, together with improved muscle function, can lead to physical activity enhancing musculoskeletal health throughout life. In adults, continued management may help to maintain the positive effects acquired from childhood treatment, thereby slowing or halting disease progression. In this review, we summarize the opinions from members of a working group with expertise in pediatrics, epidemiology, and bone, joint and muscle biology, on potential outcomes for people with XLH, who have been optimally treated from an early age and continue treatment throughout life.
Structure of a Drug‐Induced DNA T‐Bulge: Implications for DNA Frameshift Mutations (2002)

Eine ausgebeulte Konformation, in der die Base T3 aus der helicalen Packung der neuartigen Haarnadel-DNA H2 heraussteht, erlaubt die komplementäre Paarung downstream zur Intercalationsstelle (siehe Bild). Diese Konformation wird durch die Bindung von Nogalamycin stabilisiert, was durch detaillierte Analyse der chemischen Verschiebungen und NOE-Daten gezeigt wird.
Mechanistic studies on the biosorption of Pb(II) by Pseudomonas aeruginosa (2018)

The biosorption of Pb(II) ions from aqueous solution has been studied using both the intact and thermolyzed cells of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Further, the role of the major cell wall components, namely DNA, protein, polysaccharide, and lipid, in Pb(II) binding has been assessed using an enzymatic treatment method. The Pb(II) bioremediation capability of P. aeruginosa cells has been investigated by varying the parameters of pH, time of interaction, amount of biomass, and concentration of Pb(II). The complete bioremoval of Pb(II) using intact cells has been achieved for an initial Pb(II) concentration of 12.4 mg L<sup>-1</sup> at pH 6.2 and temperature 29 ± 1 °C. The biosorption isotherm follows Langmuirian behavior with a Gibbs free energy of -30.7 kJ mol<sup>-1</sup>, indicative of chemisorption. The biosorption kinetics is consistent with a pseudo-second-order model. The possible Pb(II) binding mechanisms of P. aeruginosa cells are discussed based on characterization using zeta potential measurements, Fourier transform infra-red spectroscopy, and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The results confirm that among the major cell wall components studied, polysaccharide shows the highest contribution towards Pb(II) binding, followed by DNA, lipid, and protein. Similar studies using thermolyzed cells show higher Pb(II) uptake compared to the intact cells both before and after enzymatic treatment.
Rational design of a survey protocol for avocado sunblotch viroid in commercial orchards to demonstrate pest freedom (2023)

Avocado sunblotch viroid (ASBVd) is a subcellular pathogen of avocado that reduces yield from a tree, diminishes the appearance of the fruit by causing unsightly scarring and impedes trade because of quarantine conditions that are imposed to prevent spread of the pathogen via seed-borne inoculum. For countries where ASBVd is officially reported, permission to export fruit to another country may only be granted if an orchard can be demonstrated to be a pest free production site. The survey requirements to demonstrate pest freedom are usually defined in export protocols that have been mutually agreed upon by the trading partners. In this paper, we introduce a flexible statistical protocol for use in optimizing sampling strategies to establish pest free status from ASBVd in avocado orchards. The protocol, which is supported by an interactive app, integrates statistical considerations of multistage sampling of trees in orchards with a RT-qPCR assay allowing for detection of infection in pooled samples of leaves taken from multiple trees. While this study was motivated by a need to design a survey protocol for ASBVd, the theoretical framework and the accompanying app have broader applicability to a range of plant pathogens in which hierarchical sampling of a target population is coupled with pooling of material prior to diagnosis.
Monitoring DNA Binding to Escherichia coli Lactose Repressor Using Quartz Crystal Microbalance with Dissipation (2011)

Lactose repressor protein (LacI) functions as a negative transcription regulator in Escherichia coli by binding to the operator DNA sequence. Our understanding of the immobilized LacI function and the effect of ligand binding on the conformation of LacI-DNA complexes remains poorly understood. Here, we have examined the difference in functionality of wild-type and mutant LacI binding to the target DNA using quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation (QCM-D). To direct the orientation of LacI binding to the gold surface, residue 334 was substituted with cysteine (T334C) to generate a sulfur-gold linkage. Position 334 is located on the surface opposite the DNA-binding domain and remote from the site for inducer binding. With T334C immobilized on the gold surface, our sensors successfully detect operator binding as well as the release of the operator DNA from the repressor in the presence of inducer isopropyl-β-D-thiogalactoside (IPTG). Besides the natural operator DNA sequence (O(1)), a symmetric high-affinity DNA sequence (O(sym)), and a non-specific DNA (O(ns)) sequence with low affinity were also used. In addition, the impact of anti-inducer o-nitrophenyl-beta-d-fucoside (ONPF), which stabilizes LacI operator binding, was examined. The results from immobilized mutant LacI are in good agreement with known solution parameters for LacI-ligand interactions, demonstrating that QCM-D provides a rapid and efficient measurement of DNA binding and impact of ligands upon binding for this complex oligomeric protein.
Whole program compilation for embedded software: the ADSL experiment (2002)

The increasing complexity and decreasing time-to-market of embedded software forces designers to write more modular and reusable code, using for example object-oriented techniques and languages such as C++. The resulting memory and runtime overhead cannot be removed by traditional optimizing compilers; a global, whole program analysis is required. To evaluate the potential of whole program optimization techniques, we have manually optimized the embedded software of a commercial ADSL modem. Using only techniques that can be automated, a memory footprint reduction of newly 60% has been achieved. We conclude that a consistent and aggressive use of whole system optimization techniques is feasible and worthwhile, and that the implementation of such techniques in a compiler for embedded software will allow software designers to write more modular and reusable code without suffering the associated implementation overhead.
Sliding Banyan network (1996)

The sliding Banyan network is described and evaluated. The novel three-dimensional (3-D) multistage network topology employs a macro-lenslet array in a retroreflective configuration to effect the required shuffle link patterns across a single two-dimensional (2-D) multichip array of "smart pixels". An electronic deflection routing scheme, based on simple destination tag self-routing, is employed within the smart pixels, Internal packet blocking is efficiently avoided because deflected packets are routed through individualized banyan networks that have "slid" in the time dimension to accommodate each packet's routing needs. Simulations show that this self-routing approach reduces the number of stages, and hence the number of switching and interconnection resources necessary to achieve a specified blocking probability. Experimental focusing and registration results, using arrays of vertical cavity surface emitting lasers, show that conventional optical imaging technology is suitable for this architecture. The results indicate that the sliding banyan approach will overcome the current performance constraints of conventional metallic interconnections and be scalable to ATM switching applications with aggregate throughputs in the Tb/s regime.
Simulation of 3-Staged MPC Using Custom Characteristics of Magnetic Cores (2007)

A low inductance circuit has been fabricated in order to obtain shorter time to saturation during core unsaturation and current pulses with shorter widths during core saturation. B-H curves have been derived from the measured voltage and current waveforms. Characteristics of the magnetic core for pulsed-power generators have been investigated and the Electromagnetic Transient Program (EMTP) simulation has been carried out in order to determine the effects of leakage current on the energy efficiency of a 3-staged magnetic pulse compressor (MPC). As results, the derived B-H curves show the following characteristics: a high ratio of unsaturated to saturated permeability (mu <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">un</sub> /mu <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">sat</sub> ), a maximum flux swing of about 2.55 T, a high ratio of remanent flux density to saturation magnetic flux density (B <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">r</sub> /B <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">s</sub> ) and low core loss. And, it is found that mu <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">un</sub> increases with time to saturation and that mu <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">sat</sub> is strongly influenced by the stray inductances of the core. By applying custom characteristics to each stage in EMTP simulation, more practical energy transfer in MPC is obtained.
Three-Component Synthesis of Pyridylacetic Acid Derivatives by Arylation/Decarboxylative Substitution of Meldrum’s Acids (2022)

A convenient and simple three-component synthesis of substituted pyridylacetic acid derivatives is reported. The approach centres on the dual reactivity of Meldrum’s acid derivatives, initially as nucleophiles to perform substitution on activated pyridine-N-oxides, then as electrophiles with a range of nucleophiles to trigger ring-opening and decarboxylation.
Long-term outcome of patients with Marfan syndrome with previous aortic surgery but native aortic roots (2020)

Current data suggest that 10% of patients with Marfan syndrome with previous aortic surgery will be free from aortic root replacement until the sixth decade of life.
Improving wordspotting performance with limited training data (1995)

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 1995.
Integratable sige phototransistor with high speed (BW = 3 GRz) and extremely-high avalanche responsivity (2004)

In this paper, we discuss about the SiGe phototransistors (HPT) with SiGe/Si multiple quantum well (MQW) absorption layers and integratable SiGe phototransistor with high speed (BW=3 GHz) and extremely-high avalanche responsivity have been demonstrated. The properly designed non-ideal (nkT) base current can increase the speed of HPT, and have an avalanche bias with extremely high gain. The bandwidth of 3 GHz at normal bias is obtained with transistor's f/sub T/ of /spl sim/ 70 GHz. The integrated photoreceiver using commercial SiGe/Si HBT foundry is feasible.
Cytoplasmic triacylglycerols and cholesteryl esters are degraded in two separate catabolic pools in cultured human fibroblasts (1993)

The sources and the catabolic pathways of cytoplasmic pools of triacylglycerols and cholesteryl esters have been comparatively investigated in cultured fibroblasts from normal subjects and from patients affected with neutral lipid storage disease (NLSD) and Wolman disease (WD). (i) Endogenously biosynthesized triacylglycerols and cholesteryl esters were degraded extra-lysosomally since they were catabolized at similar rates in normal and in WD fibroblasts. In NLSD fibroblasts, the degradation of endogenous triacylglycerols was severely deficient, whereas that of endogenous cholesteryl esters was in the normal range. (ii) Reconstituted high density lipoproteins (HDL) containing radiolabelled [3H]triolein and cholesteryl [14C]oleate were taken up by cultured fibroblasts and rapidly degraded in a non-lysosomal compartment. In NLSD fibroblasts the degradation of HDL-[3H]triolein was blocked whereas that of HDL-[14C]cholesteryl oleate was in the normal range. These data suggest that: (i) the cytoplasmic pools of triacylglycerols and cholesteryl esters originate from HDL uptake and from endogenous biosynthesis as well; (ii) cytoplasmic (non-lysosomal) triacylglycerols and cholesteryl esters are degraded by two separate catabolic pathways.
Ethylene and Styrene Carbon Monoxide Copolymerization Catalyzed by Pyrazolyl Palladium(II) Complexes (2013)

The pyrazolyl pyridylimine ligands [2-(3,5-dimethylpyrazol-1-yl)ethyl]pyridin-2-ylmethyleneimine (L1) and [2-(3,5-di-tert-butylpyrazol-1-yl)ethyl]pyridin-2-ylmethyleneimine (L2) and pyrazolyl thienylimine ligands [2-(3,5-dimethylpyrazol-1-yl)ethyl]thiophen-2-ylmethyleneimine (L3), [2-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-pyrazol-1-yl)ethyl]thiophen-2-ylmethyleneimine (L4), [2-(3,5-dimethylpyrazol-1-yl)ethyl]-2-bromothiophen-2-ylmethyleneimine (L5), and [2-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-pyrazol-1-yl)ethyl]-2-bromothiophen-2-ylmethyleneimine (L6) were synthesized by condensation of the appropriate pyrazolylamine and the corresponding aldehyde. Reactions of L1–L6 with [PdCl(Me)(cod)] gave the corresponding palladium(II) complexes [PdCl(Me)(L)] (where L = L1 (1a), L2 (2a), L3 (3a), L4 (4a), L5 (5a), L6 (6a)) in very good yields. The pyridylimine ligands L1 and L2 were found to coordinate via the imine and pyridine nitrogen atoms, while the thienylimine ligands L3–L6 coordinate via imine and pyrazolyl nitrogen atoms to the palladium. The cationic complexes [Pd(Me)(A)]+ (where A = L1 (1b), L2 (2b), L3 (3b), L4 (4b), L5 (5b), L6 (6b)) were synthesized from 1a–6a, respectively, using Na[BAr4] (Ar = 3,5-(CF3)2C6H3) in a 1:1 ratio. The cationic palladium complexes 1b and 2b were stabilized by the pyrazolyl nitrogen atom of ligands L1 and L2, respectively, while complexes 3b–6b were stabilized by NCMe. Attempts to activate 1a–6a with Na[BAr4] to produce active catalysts for ethylene/CO and styrene/CO led to the formation of palladium black. Using the cationic complexes 1b–6b, only 2b and 3b were active in the copolymerization of ethylene/CO and styrene/CO.
Nitric oxide mediates immunologic injury to kidney mesangium in experimental glomerulonephritis. (1995)

This study strongly implicates NO as a mediator in immune-mediated mesangial cell lysis. The data suggest that limiting NO production by limiting arginine intake might decrease glomerular injury and subsequent glomerulosclerosis.
Stereoselective α-glycosidation using FeCl3 as a Lewis acid catalyst (1998)

A simplified procedure for the stereoselective α-glycosidation of peracetylated sugars, carrying a participating group at C2, with aliphatic alcohols in the presence of FeCl3 as a Lewis acid is described.
Speech and sound for in-car infotainment systems (2009)

In a hands-busy and eyes-busy activity such as driving, spoken language technology is an important component of the multimodal human-machine interface (HMI) of an in-car infotainment system. Adding speech to the HMI introduces two distinct challenges: accurately acquiring the user’s speech in a noisy car environment, and creating a spoken dialog system that does not require the driver’s full attention.
ChemInform Abstract: Ultradispersed Supported Silver Catalysts: Effect of Preparation and Reduction Procedures on Dispersion and Unusual Oxygen Adsorption Properties at High O2 Pressures. (1986)

Abstract Mit den getesteten Ausgangsmaterialien AgNO 3 , AgO 2 CCH 3 , AgO 2 CCF 3 und AgO 3 C 3 H 5 werden hinsichtlich der Dispersion auf TiO 2 als Träger material für den Katalysator nahezu identische Ergebnisse gefunden.
Managing Sets of Flying Base Stations Using Energy Efficient 3D Trajectory Planning in Cellular Networks (2022)

Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) in cellular networks have garnered considerable interest. One of their applications is as flying base stations (FBSs), which can increase coverage and quality of service (QoS). Because FBSs are battery-powered, regulating their energy usage is a vital aspect of their use; and therefore the appropriate placement and trajectories of FBSs throughout their operation are critical to overcoming this challenge. In this paper, we propose a method of solving a multi-FBS 3D trajectory problem that considers FBS energy consumption, operation time, flight distance limits, and inter-cell interference constraints. Our method is divided into two phases: FBS placement and FBS trajectory. In taking this approach, we break the problem into several snapshots. First, we find the minimum number of FBSs required and their proper 3D positions in each snapshot. Then, between every two snapshots, the trajectory phase is executed. The optimal path between the origin and destination of each FBS is determined during the trajectory phase by utilizing a proposed binary linear problem (BLP) model that considers FBS energy consumption and flight distance constraints. Then, the shortest path for each FBS is determined while taking obstacles and collision avoidance into consideration. The number of FBSs needed may vary between snapshots, so we present an FBS set management (FSM) technique to manage the set of FBSs and their power. The results demonstrate that the proposed approach is applicable to real-world situations and that the outcomes are consistent with expectations.
Renal sympathetic denervation after Symplicity HTN-3 and therapeutic drug monitoring in severe hypertension (2015)

Renal sympathetic denervation (RDN) has been and is still proposed as a new treatment modality in patients with apparently treatment resistant hypertension (TRH), a condition defined as persistent blood pressure elevation despite prescription of at least 3 antihypertensive drugs including a diuretic. However, the large fall in blood pressure after RDN reported in the first randomized study, Symplicity HTN-2 and multiple observational studies has not been confirmed in five subsequent prospective randomized studies and may be largely explained by non-specific effects such as improvement of drug adherence in initially poorly adherent patients (the Hawthorne effect), placebo effect and regression to the mean. The overall blood-pressure lowering effect of RDN seems rather limited and the characteristics of true responders are largely unknown. Accordingly, RDN is not ready for clinical practice. In most patients with apparently TRH, drug monitoring and improvement of drug adherence may prove more effective and cost-beneficial to achieve blood pressure control. In the meantime, research should aim at identifying characteristics of those patients with truly TRH who may respond to RDN.