gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Microcantilever Arrays for Multiplexed Biomolecular Analysis (2002)

An accurate, efficient, and quantitative method for detection of multiple biomolecules, such as DNA and proteins, would benefit many bio-medical applications. These applications include diagnostics of complex diseases such as cancer, drug discovery, and development of fundamental scientific knowledge regarding signaling pathways. We have developed a chip-level microcantilever array designed for high-throughput biomolecular analysis. In particular, biological reactions on one surface of a microcantilever beam change its surface tension due to intermolecular energetic and entropic interactions. These interactions generate sufficient torque to deflect the cantilever beam. Integration of microfluid cells on the chip allows for individual functionalization of each cantilever. Each cantilever is designed to respond uniquely to a specific target analyte allowing for simultaneous and quantitative analysis of multiple bio-molecules. Experiments testing the physical response of the microarray describe the repeatability of the cantilevers while providing information regarding the limits on the detection time for reaction-induced deflections to dominate over random drift of the cantilevers. Statistical analysis shows that the cantilevers exhibit thermomechanical sensitivity within ±7% variation. The maximum observed trend of the long-term drift is about 2.1nm/min, which suggests reactions should be completed within 10 minutes, for a reliable bioassay.
Identification of Atypical Diabetes Using Algorithms to Search the Electronic Medical Record (2020)

Background and Hypothesis: Atypical diabetes (DM) comprises phenotypically and potentially genotypically distinct forms of DM not fitting current sub-categories of classification. Understanding these rare and uncharacterized types of DM can potentially inform the application of personalized therapeutic approaches and is the emphasis of a recent NIH-funded Consortium focused on Rare and Atypical Diabetes (RADIANT). We aimed to employ informatic-based algorithms to identify potentially atypical DM cases from electronic medical records (EMR) to identify candidates for inclusion in RADIANT. Project Methods: Diabetic patients were identified based on two DM diagnostic codes, treatment with anti-diabetic medication, and two diagnostic labs elevated. We filtered for patients with BMI &lt;25 at diagnosis and normal lipid profile. Charts were reviewed manually. Demographic and clinical data were extracted from EMR and entered into a REDCap database. SPSS was used for statistical analysis. Results: A total of 21,820 individuals met criteria for DM; 208 were identified as potentially atypical. Chart review was completed for 126 cases. Fifteen were deceased and removed from the final cohort. Of those remaining, 12 (11%) exhibited features consistent with atypical diabetes. The remainder were classified as typical T2D. No significant differences regarding ethnicity or diabetes complication status were identified between typical and atypical cases. Demographics of atypical cases were, 66% female, and 33% male. The average age of diagnosis was 46.8 ± 19.3 yrs. Average BMI was 23.7 ± 4.1. Atypical diabetes individuals were more likely to present with ketoacidosis (p=0.01) exhibiting a trend towards increased insulin use (50% vs. 14%; p=0.09). Conclusion: Our study suggests that using EMR may be effective in flagging phenotypically distinct forms of DM in real world settings, associated with a high false positive rate. Data suggests this form of atypical diabetes represents a small percentage of overall DM cases (0.05%). Future studies will focus on application of algorithms to identify other atypical diabetes subsets.
Ventricular defibrillation combining DC electrical field and electrical pacing: an optical mapping study (2009)

Although high voltage direct current (DC) shock is a standard technique to terminate ventricular fibrillation (VF), it can cause severe pain and tissue damage. The exact effect of the DC electric field, which can depolarize the heart during VF is still unknown. We hypothesized that low-energy DC field in combination with pacing (pacing+DC) could terminate VF by affecting the ventricular propagation pattern. In six Langendorff-perfused isolated rabbit hearts with the ablated sinoatrial (SA) node, the DC field was delivered to the left ventricle (cathode) and right ventricle (anode). We designed a timed protocol using LabVIEW programming that delivers pacing, DC and pacing+DC stimuli for two seconds time intervals each. The pacing pulse (with varying pacing cycle length: 300ms-30ms) was delivered to the apex. Transmembrane voltage was recorded with optical mapping technique for 16 seconds at a sampling rate of 2ms/frame. We crushed the sinoatrial node to reduce the heart rate. The baseline activation appeared to have endocardial origins with a mean escape ventricular rate of 60 ± 5bpm at baseline. The DC field (30mA-60mA) alone increased the mean heart rate to 120&plusmn;5bpm. Although DC alone terminated VF in a few cases, the rate of termination was very low (6.2%). However, when pacing+DC was applied, it was possible to terminate VF in 34 of 130 episodes in six rabbits. The rate of successful defibrillation of VF with pacing+DC was significantly higher than that with DC alone (20% vs 6.2%, p&lt;0.01). Pacing alone never terminated the VF. In conclusion, DC field may affect the conduction velocity in normal condition. Pacing+DC intervention could lead to regularization of VF propagation and eventually to termination. Further improvement of this approach may offer a higher success rate of defibrillation with lower energy requirements.
A Hierarchical Parameterisation for Elastic Orthorhombic Anisotropic Parameter Inversion (2016)

Summary We suggest the new elastic orthorhombic (ORT) parameterisation for the multi-parameter full waveform inversion (FWI). The new parameterisation includes 2 seismic velocities and 7 dimensionless parameters that allow for the continuity of the radiation patterns from isotropic to VTI to orthorhombic and elastic models. This continuation offers the possibility of a multi-stage FWI by controlling the step lengths of each parameter. Numerical examples for a simple anticline model are conducted to verify the feasibility of the new parameterisation.
Incidence and Risk Factors of Ischaemic and Haemorrhagic Stroke in Europe (1996)

EUROSTROKE is a collaborative study among ten European research centres to investigate (1) the variation in incidence of fatal and non-fatal ischaemic and haemorrhagic stroke among populations in different European countries; (2) whether the observed differences in stroke incidence across countries can be explained by differences in prevalence of established cardiovascular risk factors; (3) the relative importance of selected dietary factors (potassium intake, smoking, alcohol consumption), haemostatic disturbances (fibrinogen) and co-morbidity (rheumatic heart disease, atrial fibrillation) compared to established risk factors as determinants of the occurrence of ischaemic and haemorrhagic stroke. The EUROSTROKE database is drawn from ten European population-based prospective follow-up studies (cohorts) and is designed as a case-control study nested within these ten ongoing studies.
TRW's Slagging Combustor System tests (1983)

TRW is developing an Entrained Slagging Coal Combustor System which can be used to retrofit oil- and gas-fired boilers, furnaces and process heaters economically and with little or no derating. It can also be used to solve operating/efficiency and emissions problems in existing coal-fired equipment. The Slagging Combustor consists of a water-cooled cylinder with tangential air inlet. Powdered coal (70% through 200 mesh) is transported in a dense phase fluidized condition to an injector located in the head end of the combustor, injected and entrained by the swirling air flows, then burned substoichiometrically in flight, releasing slag which impinges on the wall. The slag is driven to a strategically located slag tap by a combination of aerodynamic and gravity forces where up to 90% of the inert ash in the coal is removed as molten slag. Additional air is mixed with the hot, relatively clean, gases exiting the combustor and entering the heat utilization equipment. Final combustion takes place in the furnace, kiln or boiler. The staged combustion thus obtained reduces NO /sub x/ emissions to values comparable to oil firing ( about250 ppm). Also, by the introduction of sorbent materials into the combustor, SO /sub x/ emissions can bemore » significantly reduced. Coal-water mixtures (70% powdered coal, 30% water) have been burned successfully in the combustor by substituting an air atomized slurry injector for the powdered coal injector.« less
TREATMENT AND DISPOSAL OF RADIOACTIVE WASTES (1961)

In Great Britain the greatest amount of radioactive waste arises from work carried out by the Atomic Energy Authority. These wastes vary considerably, ranging from highly radioactive liquids, resulting from the processing of spent nuclear fuel, to the effluents from the research centers and isotope production units. During the operation of a nuclear reactor a complex mixture of radioactive elements is formed in the fuel, collectively called fission products. The exact composition of the mixture depends on the type of fuel used and the rate of burn-up in the reactor. There are normally over 30 elements so produced ranging from Zn/sup 72/ to Dy/sup 61/. Many of the fission products have short half lives and decay very quickly so they present no major problem. Wastes containing fission products possessing long half lives and those which have the lowest allowable concentrations in the human body must be treated and disposed of without contaminating the environment. Procedures for the treatment and disposal of radioactive wastes are reviewed. General methods of concentration containment, and dispersal are discussed. Factors involved in decontamination of wastes, ion exchange processes, chemical precipitation, more » and direct dispersal methods are discussed in detail. Flow diagrams are included for a typical method which incorporates all the commonly employed processes for the treatment of radioactive liquids and a process for recycling liquid radioactive wastes. Methods for conversion of liquid wastes into solid form and for the disposal of solid wastes are discussed. (C.H.) « less
Oxygen-Reducing Biocathodes Operating with Passive Oxygen Transfer in Microbial Fuel Cells (2013)

Oxygen-reducing biocathodes previously developed for microbial fuel cells (MFCs) have required energy-intensive aeration of the catholyte. To avoid the need for aeration, the ability of biocathodes to function with passive oxygen transfer was examined here using air cathode MFCs. Two-chamber, air cathode MFCs with biocathodes produced a maximum power density of 554 ± 0 mW/m(2), which was comparable to that obtained with a Pt cathode (576 ± 16 mW/m(2)), and 38 times higher than that produced without a catalyst (14 ± 3 mW/m(2)). The maximum current density with biocathodes in this air-cathode MFC was 1.0 A/m(2), compared to 0.49 A/m(2) originally produced in a two-chamber MFC with an aqueous cathode (with cathode chamber aeration). Single-chamber, air-cathode MFCs with the same biocathodes initially produced higher voltages than those with Pt cathodes, but after several cycles the catalytic activity of the biocathodes was lost. This change in cathode performance resulted from direct exposure of the cathodes to solutions containing high concentrations of organic matter in the single-chamber configuration. Biocathode performance was not impaired in two-chamber designs where the cathode was kept separated from the anode solution. These results demonstrate that direct-air biocathodes can work very well, but only under conditions that minimize heterotrophic growth of microorganisms on the cathodes.
Lack of CCDC146, a ubiquitous centriole and microtubule-associated protein, leads to non-syndromic male infertility in human and mouse (2023)

Abstract Genetic mutations are a recurrent cause of male infertility. Multiple morphological abnormalities of the flagellum (MMAF) syndrome is a heterogeneous genetic disease, with which more than 50 genes have been linked. Nevertheless, for 50% of patients with this condition, no genetic cause is identified. From a study of a cohort of 167 MMAF patients, pathogenic bi-allelic mutations were identified in the CCDC146 gene in two patients. This gene encodes a poorly characterized centrosomal protein which we studied in detail here. First, protein localization was studied in two cell lines. We confirmed the centrosomal localization in somatic cells and showed that the protein also presents multiple microtubule-related localizations during mitotic division, suggesting that it is a microtubule-associated protein (MAP). To better understand the function of the protein at the sperm level, and the molecular pathogenesis of infertility associated with CCDC146 mutations, two genetically modified mouse models were created: a Ccdc146 knock-out (KO) and a knock-in (KI) expressing a HA-tagged CCDC146 protein. KO male mice were completely infertile, and sperm exhibited a phenotype identical to our two MMAF patient’s phenotype with CCDC146 mutations. No other pathology was observed, and the animals were viable. CCDC146 expression starts during late spermiogenesis, at the time of flagellum biogenesis. In the spermatozoon, the protein is conserved but is not localized to centrioles, unlike in somatic cells, rather it is present in the axoneme at the level of microtubule doublets. Expansion microscopy associated with the use of the detergent sarkosyl to solubilize microtubule doublets, provided evidence that the protein could be a microtubule inner protein (MIP). At the subcellular level, the absence of CCDC146 affected the formation, localization and morphology of all microtubule-based organelles such as the manchette, the head–tail coupling apparatus (HTCA), and the axoneme. Through this study, we have characterized a new genetic cause of infertility, identified a new factor in the formation and/or structure of the sperm axoneme, and demonstrated that the CCDC146 protein plays several cellular roles, depending on the cell type and the stages in the cell cycle.
ChemInform Abstract: ORTHOAMIDES. XI. PREPARATION OF 1,1,2,3,3‐PENTA‐SUBSTITUTED AND 1,1,2,2,3,3‐HEXA‐SUBSTITUTED GUANIDINIUM SALTS AND 1,1,2,3,3‐PENTAALKYLGUANIDINES (1984)

Abstract Die Reaktion des Thioharnstoffs (I) mit dem Chlorid (II) bzw. dem Amin (III) ergibt die Guanidiniumsalze (IV).
Real-world performance of SARS-Cov-2 serology tests in the United States, 2020 (2023)

Although the EUA requirement was not consistently met, more investigation is needed to understand how serology and molecular tests are used, including indication and protocol fidelity. Improved data interoperability of test and clinical/demographic data are needed to enable rapid assessment of the real-world performance of in vitro diagnostic tests.
Inferring neural population dynamics from multiple partial recordings of the same neural circuit (2013)

Simultaneous recordings of the activity of large neural populations are extremely valuable as they can be used to infer the dynamics and interactions of neurons in a local circuit, shedding light on the computations performed. It is now possible to measure the activity of hundreds of neurons using 2-photon calcium imaging. However, many computations are thought to involve circuits consisting of thousands of neurons, such as cortical barrels in rodent somatosensory cortex. Here we contribute a statistical method for stitching'' together sequentially imaged sets of neurons into one model by phrasing the problem as fitting a latent dynamical system with missing observations. This method allows us to substantially expand the population-sizes for which population dynamics can be characterized---beyond the number of simultaneously imaged neurons. In particular, we demonstrate using recordings in mouse somatosensory cortex that this method makes it possible to predict noise correlations between non-simultaneously recorded neuron pairs.
Radiofrequency Ablation of Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Correlation Between Local Tumor Progression After Ablation and Ablative Margin (2007)

An ablation zone with an ablative margin of 5 mm or greater was the most important factor for local control of hepatocellular carcinoma.
Covalently Immobilized Lipase on a Thermoresponsive Polymer with an Upper Critical Solution Temperature as an Efficient and Recyclable Asymmetric Catalyst in Aqueous Media (2017)

Abstract A thermoresponsive lipase catalyst with an upper critical solution temperature (UCST) of about 26 °C was exploited by covalent immobilization of an enzyme, Pseudomonas cepacia lipase (PSL), onto poly(acrylamide‐ co ‐acrylonitrile) by glutaraldehyde coupling. The experimental conditions for the PSL immobilization were optimized. The immobilized PSL was much more stable for wide ranges of temperature and pH than free PSL. The material was also evaluated as an asymmetric catalyst in the kinetic resolution of racemic α‐methylbenzyl butyrate at 55 °C in an aqueous medium and exhibited high catalytic performance and stability. Up to 50 % conversion and 99.5 % product enantiomeric excess were achieved, thus providing highly pure enantiomers. This biocatalyst could be easily recovered by simple decantation for reuse based on temperature‐induced precipitation. It showed good reusability and retained 80.5 % of its original activity with a well reserved enantioselectivity in the 6th cycle. This work would shed light on the future development of new UCST‐type enzyme catalysts.
No improvement noted in overall or cause‐specific survival for men presenting with metastatic prostate cancer over a 20‐year period (2013)

In this analysis of men presenting with de novo metastatic prostate cancer, no consistent improvement in overall or disease-specific survival could be demonstrated over time. These data suggest that improvements in survival for patients with advanced disease have not contributed substantially to the observed drop in prostate cancer mortality over the PSA era and that stage migration secondary to PSA screening plays a more prominent role.
Performance modeling from software components (2004)

When software products are assembled from pre-defined components, performance prediction should be based on the components also. This supports rapid model-building, using previously calibrated sub-models or "performance components", in sync with the construction of the product. The specification of a performance component must be tied closely to the software component specification, but it also includes performance related parameters (describing workload characteristics and demands), and it abstracts the behaviour of the component in various ways (for reasons related to practical factors in performance analysis). A useful set of abstractions and parameters are already defined for layered performance modeling. This work extends them to accommodate software components, using a new XML-based language called Component-Based Modeling Language (CBML). With CBML, compatible components can be inserted into slots provided in a hierarchical component specification based on the UML component model.
Maintenance of a gas breakdown in argon using 10.6-μ cw radiation (1975)

An experimental study on a sustained optical discharge in argon was made. The discharge was initiated by using the high-power radiation from a pulsed CO2 laser and was maintained by using the 10.6-μ radiation from a low-power cw laser. An extensive pressure range, where the discharge can be maintained indefinitely, is found to exist. The discharge exhibits four distinct characteristics in the pressure range 2–17 atm. It is also found that the minimum cw power required to maintain the discharge is several orders of magnitude smaller than the power to initiate it and has a p−2 dependence on the gas pressure at low pressures. This dependence came from the ambipolar diffusion losses. An electron production and loss rate balance equation is found to adequately describe this minimum maintenance power dependence on the gas pressure.
Clinical characteristics, response to therapy, and survival of African American patients diagnosed with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (2013)

The current results indicated that AA patients with CLL have more unfavorable prognostic characteristics and shorter survival compared with their NB counterparts.
Passive phase shifters and their applications in RF front-end circuits (2007)

This paper describes a recently developed two-port chip-component which provides a specified phase shift at a given frequency for an RF signal as it passes between the ports of the component. This chip phase shifter has a range of potential applications in RF front-end circuits for cellular and wireless devices, such as optimising the output power of the PA, and improving the linearity of the RF front-end circuit. Experimental results demonstrating the importance of phase matching within RF front-end circuits for GSM and UMTS are presented and discussed. The chip phase shifters are fabricated in multi-layer LTCC, where the chip has outer dimensions of 1.0 times 0.5 times 0.5 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> . A first generation line-up of chip phase shifters has been developed and mass production has already commenced. A range of positive and negative phase shifts are available, where the phase shift is nominally specified at the centre frequency of one of the cellular GSM bands.
ChemInform Abstract: Practical Synthesis of the High‐Quality Antitumor Agent KW‐2189 from Duocarmycin B2 Using a Facile One‐Pot Synthesis of an Intermediate. (1999)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Supplementary Table from ICBatlas: A Comprehensive Resource for Depicting Immune Checkpoint Blockade Therapy Characteristics from Transcriptome Profiles (2023)

Supplementary Table from ICBatlas: A Comprehensive Resource for Depicting Immune Checkpoint Blockade Therapy Characteristics from Transcriptome Profiles
Synthesen in der Purinreihe, II. Mitteil.: Über die Einwirkung von Essigsäureanhydrid auf Harnsäure (1953)

Abstract Die Darstellung von Mono‐, Di‐ und Triacetyl‐diaminouracil aus Harnsäure wird beschrieben. Die Konstitutionen der Verbindungen werden durch zahlreiche Umsetzungen bewiesen. Es wird über eine glatte Darstellungsmethode von Diaminouracil‐sulfat bzw. ‐hydrochlorid sowie der freien Base berichtet.
Mesoporous Metal Complex–Silica Aerogels for Environmentally Friendly Amination of Allylic Alcohols (2014)

Abstract Two series of mesoporous hybrid iron(III) complex–silica aerogels were prepared in one‐pot synthesis by using the sol–gel coordination chemistry approach. The use of the ligands 3‐(2‐aminoethylamino)propyltrimethoxysilane and 2‐(diphenylphosphino)ethyltriethoxysilane, both with terminal triethoxysilyl groups, were used to incorporate metal complexes in situ into the framework of silica, through their co‐condensation with a silicon alkoxide during the aerogel formation. This methodology yielded optically translucent hybrid mesoporous gels with homogeneous metal incorporation and excellent textural properties. The catalytic performance of these materials was tested in the direct amination of allylic alcohols in water as a target reaction, with activities comparable or even higher than those corresponding to the homogeneous iron(III) complex. Furthermore, these catalysts were stable and maintained their catalytic activity after six reaction cycles.