gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Observation of Light Emission in Silent Discharge Using Piezoelectric Transformer (2002)

Piezoelectric transformer (PT) is a high voltage generating device which is small-sized and high efficiency energy conversion. Because of these features, the PT is used as power supply of back-light for liquid crystal display (LCD) and has promoted to the recent development in information technology (IT). On the other hand, we discovered that the PT does not only act as a high voltage generating device but also a silent discharge exciter. This paper describes the experimental result of luminous phenomena of the silent discharge using the PT. Spatial and temporal variations of the luminous intensity were observed by CCD camera systems. Spatial and temporal variations of electric potential at the surface of the PT are also measured using a probe electrode. As results, it was obtained that the luminous intensity distribution appeared around the PT corresponds to the electric field intensity distribution occurred by the polarization charge induced on the surface of PT which vibrates elastically. Moreover, it is also found that the place of light emission over the PT surface was determined by the polarity of potential induced on the PT surface. These results mean that the light emission around the PT occurs by excitation and ionization collision between electrons and N2 molecules.
A general framework for concurrent simulation on neural network models (1992)

The analysis of complex neural network models via analytical techniques is often quite difficult due to the large numbers of components involved and the nonlinearities associated with these components. The authors present a framework for simulating neural networks as discrete event nonlinear dynamical systems. This includes neural network models whose components are described by continuous-time differential equations or by discrete-time difference equations. Specifically, the authors consider the design and construction of a concurrent object-oriented discrete event simulation environment for neural networks. The use of an object-oriented language provides the data abstraction facilities necessary to support modification and extension of the simulation system at a high level of abstraction. Furthermore, the ability to specify concurrent processing supports execution on parallel architectures. The use of this system is demonstrated by simulating a specific neural network model on a general-purpose parallel computer.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Electronic quenching, fluorescence lifetime, and spectroscopy of the A 3Πu state of NCN (1989)

Laser-induced fluorescence of the NCN radical was observed downstream of a microwave discharge of N2 and CF4 in He via the A 3Πu–X 3Σ−g transition near 329 nm. The zero-pressure fluorescence lifetime of the 000 vibrational level of the A state was measured from the time-resolved laser-induced fluorescence to be 183±6 ns. Other spectral features were observed both to the blue and red of the 000–000 band. The blue-shifted features are tentatively assigned to the 020–000, 100–000, 030–010, and 110–010 vibrational bands. Quenching cross sections were determined for NCN (A 3Πu, 000) at 300 K for Ar, Kr, Xe, O2, CO, CO2, N2O, SF6, NO, and NO2. The molecules He, N2, and CF4 are inefficient quenchers and upper limits only were obtained. The large variation in cross section among the colliders does not correlate with predictions of simple electronic quenching models.
Pneumococcal Colonization and Virulence Factors Identified Via Experimental Evolution in Infection Models (2021)

Streptococcus pneumoniae is a commensal of the human nasopharynx and a major cause of respiratory and invasive disease. We examined adaptation and evolution of pneumococcus, within nasopharynx and lungs, in an experimental system where the selective pressures associated with transmission were removed. This was achieved by serial passage of pneumococci, separately, in mouse models of nasopharyngeal carriage or pneumonia. Passaged pneumococci became more effective colonizers of the respiratory tract and we observed several examples of potential parallel evolution. The cell wall-modifying glycosyltransferase LafA was under strong selection during lung passage, whereas the surface expressed pneumococcal vaccine antigen gene pvaA and the glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase gene gpsA were frequent targets of mutation in nasopharynx-passaged pneumococci. These mutations were not identified in pneumococci that were separately evolved by serial passage on laboratory agar. We focused on gpsA, in which the same single nucleotide polymorphism arose in two independently evolved nasopharynx-passaged lineages. We describe a new role for this gene in nasopharyngeal carriage and show that the identified single nucleotide change confers resistance to oxidative stress and enhanced nasopharyngeal colonization potential. We demonstrate that polymorphisms in gpsA arise and are retained during human colonization. These findings highlight how within-host environmental conditions can determine trajectories of bacterial evolution. Relative invasiveness or attack rate of pneumococcal lineages may be defined by genes that make niche-specific contributions to bacterial fitness. Experimental evolution in animal infection models is a powerful tool to investigate the relative roles played by pathogen virulence and colonization factors within different host niches.
Plasma Cell Myeloma: Biology and Treatment (1991)

Plasma cell myeloma results from malignant transformation in an early hemopoietic precursor cell. The disease progresses from an asymptomatic stable phase through a symptomatic phase to a terminal acute phase marked by aggressive cell growth and marrow failure. The activation of a series of oncogenes may govern the initiation and stepwise progression of these neoplasms. Chemotherapy causes the tumor to regress in about 50% of patients and improves survival, but it does not alter the course of the disease. Interferon maintenance therapy prolongs remission durations and appears to alter the course of the disease.
Threshold for lead damage to heme synthesis in urban children. (1982)

Although lead has no physiological function and is present in only negligible amounts in the blood of remote populations, it has become customary to accept the usual blood Pb level(s) (BPb) observed in industrialized society as "normal." Pb interferes with many biochemical systems, among them the heme biosynthetic pathway; this is reflected by an exponential increase in erythrocyte protoporphyrin concentration (EP) as PBb increases. The present study estimated the threshold PBb at which an increase of EP occurs in a population of urban children. In the 2,004 children studied, BPbs ranged from 2 to 98 micrograms/dl, with 1,852 having a BPb of less than or equal to 30 micrograms/dl, a value presently considered normal. Preliminary analysis suggested that an exponential increase in the concentration of EP occurred after a threshold BPb (apparently between 12 and 20 micrograms/dl) was reached. Precise definition of the threshold BPb for an increase of EP was next determined by two approaches: segmented line techniques and probit analysis. Whether the entire population was analyzed or only the subset of samples with "normal" BPb (less than or equal to 30 micrograms/dl), both methods yielded a threshold BPb of 15-18 micrograms/dl (average value, 16.5). These studies indicate that the heme synthetic pathway is affected by Pb at a level of exposure commonly observed in urban children, which is well below the limit that is presently too easily accepted as normal.
Expression of the Newcastle Disease Virus (NDV) Fusion Glycoprotein and Vaccination against NDV Challenge with a Recombinant Baculovirus (1994)

The hybrid baculovirus constructed from Autographa california nuclear polyhedrosis virus (NPV) and Bombyx mori (silkworm) NPV was used for expression of fusion glycoprotein (F) of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) strain D26. The gene encoding F protein was introduced into the improved baculovirus expression vector derived from the host-range-expanded baculovirus. In Spodoptera frugiperda (fall armyworm) cells infected with a recombinant baculovirus, HyF121, the expressed F protein was properly located onto the cell surface. After silkworm pupae were infected with HyF121, a subunit vaccine against NDV was prepared from the HyF121-infected pupae. Chickens inoculated with the subunit vaccine were protected against virulent NDV challenge.
Improving Affinity Matrices by Modified Mutual kNN-Graphs (2009)

The recent progress in describing affinities between images or objects by means of shape, appearance or texture allows the exploitation of inherently emerging redundancies for improvement of retrieval tasks. We propose a two-way normalization and analysis scheme which aims on (a) modeling object interdependence by neighborhood incorporation and (b) retrieval improvement by subsequent analysis from a modified mutual k nearest neighbor graph. We provide a general and flexible approach which may be either applied for improving retrieval quality or as base for semi-supervised classification, clustering or dimensionality reduction methods. The presented experiments demonstrate that our approach yields to significant improvements on a broad variety of data sets, including the highest ever reported bullseye score of 93.40 % on the MPEG-7 database. 1
Tailoring Microstructure and Superconducting Properties in Thick BaHfO3 and Ba2 Y(Nb/Ta)O6 Doped YBCO Films on Technical Templates (2016)

The current transport capability of YBa <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> Cu <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">7-x</sub> (YBCO) based coated conductors (CCs) is mainly limited by two features: the grain boundaries of the used textured template, which are transferred into the superconducting film through the buffer layers, and the ability to pin magnetic flux lines by incorporation of defined defects in the crystal lattice. By adjusting the deposition conditions, it is possible to tailor the pinning landscape in doped YBCO in order to meet specific working conditions (T, B) for CC applications. To study these effects, we deposited YBCO layers with a thickness of about 1-2 μm using pulsed laser deposition on buffered rolling-assisted biaxially textured Ni-W substrates as well as on metal tapes having either an ion-beam-textured YSZ buffer or an MgO layer textured by inclined substrate deposition. BaHfO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> and the mixed double-perovskite Ba <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> Y(Nb/Ta)O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">6</sub> were incorporated as artificial pinning centers in these YBCO layers. X-ray diffraction confirmed the epitaxial growth of the superconductor on these templates as well as the biaxially oriented incorporation of the secondary phase additions in the YBCO matrix. A critical current density J <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">c</sub> of more than 2 MA/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> was achieved at 77 K in self-field for 1-2 μm thick films. Detailed TEM (transmission electron microscopy) studies revealed that the structure of the secondary phase can be tuned, forming c-axis aligned nanocolumns, ab-oriented platelets, or a combination of both. Transport measurements show that the J <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">c</sub> anisotropy in magnetic fields is reduced by doping and the peak in the J <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">c</sub> (θ) curves can be correlated to the microstructural features.
Fretting Fatigue of Nickel Based Superalloys at Elevated Temperature (2009)

Experiments are conducted to characterize the fretting fatigue behavior of advanced nickel based alloys common to turbine disk and blade applications. The experiments address the effects of different materials, loading types, and surface treatments. Block loading experiments show that minor cycles reduce fretting fatigue life. Accurate friction coefficient data necessary to develop fretting fatigue life prediction is also reported. Background Fretting refers to the small scale relative tangential motion that occurs at the edge of nominally clamped contacts subjected to oscillatory loading. The formation and propagation of cracks in the presence of fretting induced stresses is known as fretting fatigue. Blade/disk attachments in gas turbine engines are susceptible to fretting fatigue. This paper describes experiments that characterize fretting fatigue in advanced nickel based alloys subjected to contact stresses similar to those that occur at blade/disk contacts. The experimental apparatus used for these experiments has been described elsewhere. 1 A schematic defining the applied loads is given in Figure 1. The experiments are designed to address the influence of different loading types, surface treatments, contact geometries, and contact materials on the fretting fatigue performance of advanced nickel based alloys. An initial set of experiments establishes baseline fretting fatigue life parameters. The baseline cyclic experiments are used to determine the applied load levels to produce a nominal fretting fatigue life. The desired fretting fatigue life is 100,000 cycles to failure. The normal load is held constant for the eight tests, and the applied bulk stress amplitude is varied to produce the desired life. These baseline experiments are for the contact of polycrystalline nickel alloys. The specimen material is Rene’ 95 and the pad material is a directionally solidified Rene’ 80. The contact pad geometry is flat with rounded edges depicted in Figure 2. Both the specimen and pad were shot peened. The baseline results are shown in Figure 3. Note, one experiment went to runout at approximately one million cycles. This runout experiment had the standard axial load ratio of approximately 0, but the shear load ratio was -3. Table 1 lists the experiments, with the appropriately measured experimental loads. The measured and controlled loads are identified separately as the tangential load (Q) is the difference between the loads measured by the top and bottom load cells (Figure 1). The final 3 experiments (test numbers 6-8) given in Table 2 are approximate repeats of the nominal loading profile for the Rene’ 95/Rene’ 80 flat shot-peened experiments. These baseline results form the basis of comparison to assess the effect of shot peening and material on fretting fatigue life. The difference between the loads given in Tables 1 and 2 is the inclusion of the prestress (as measured by the bottom load cell) that is applied to the specimen before application of the normal load.
Glaucoma and Driving Risk under Simulated Fog Conditions (2016)

By investigating the relationship between driving risk and disease severity breakpoint, this study may provide guidance to clinicians in recognizing glaucoma patients who may be unfit to drive in complex situations such as fog.
A 1-Mbit BiCMOS DRAM using temperature-compensation circuit techniques (1989)

A temperature-compensation circuit technique for a dynamic random-access memory (DRAM) with an on-chip voltage limiter is evaluated using a 1-Mb BiCMOS DRAM. It was found that a BiCMOS bandgap reference generator scheme yields an internal voltage immune from temperature and V/sub cc/ variation. Also, bipolar-transistor-oriented memory circuits, such as a static BiCMOS word driver, improve delay time at high temperatures. Furthermore, the BiCMOS driver proves to have better temperature characteristics than the CMOS driver. Finally, a 1-Mb BiCMOS DRAM using the proposed technique was found to have better temperature characteristics than the 1-Mb CMOS DRAM which uses similar techniques, as was expected. Thus, BiCMOS DRAMs have improved access time at high temperatures compared with CMOS DRAMs.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Lewis Acid Catalyzed Solid-Phase Synthesis of Flavonoids Using Selenium-Bound Resin (2005)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVReportNEXTLewis Acid Catalyzed Solid-Phase Synthesis of Flavonoids Using Selenium-Bound ResinXian Huang, E. Tang, Wei-Ming Xu, and Jian CaoView Author Information Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University (Xixi Campus), Hangzhou 310028, P. R. China, and State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 354 Fenglin Lu, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China Cite this: J. Comb. Chem. 2005, 7, 6, 802–805Publication Date (Web):September 27, 2005Publication History Received22 November 2004Published online27 September 2005Published inissue 1 November 2005https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cc0498231https://doi.org/10.1021/cc0498231brief-reportACS PublicationsCopyright © 2005 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1268Altmetric-Citations54LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsSupporting Info (2)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Anions,Cyclization,Flavonoids,Organic polymers,Solid phase synthesis Get e-Alerts
Nominal referential values of semantic classifiers and role shift in signed narratives (2018)

Bringing together the areas of dynamic semantics and signed discourse, this article focuses on the dynamic potential of referring expressions, such as semantic and limb classifiers, and role shift constructions. On the basis of the Catalan Sign Language version of the Aesop’s fables, a qualitative analysis is presented, which focuses on the interaction between referring expressions and the accessibility scale. While the incorporation of semantic and limb classifiers constructions into the accessibility hierarchy leads to a more fine-grained analysis, role shift also reveals itself as an essential mechanism to associate the classifier handshape to the corresponding discourse referent. Dynamic operations are taken into account with the main aim of offering a novel proposal on discourse accessibility structure in signed narrative discourse.
Non-Gaussian Extensions for the Detection of Persistent Scatterers: Addressing the Limitations of Gaussian Models for InSAR Imagery (2021)

It is well-known that the backscatter of high-resolution Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) imagery is non-Gaussian in nature. As a result, corresponding heavy-tailed models have been successfully incorporated for the design of improved SAR target detectors. However, Gaussian-based detectors are largely still applied for selection of persistent scatterers (PS) in Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) imagery, and implications for the performance of PS techniques have not been well-studied. Here, we extend an existing Gaussian model for PS to incorporate non-Gaussian behavior. We then implement the model for PS detection and compare its performance to its Gaussian counterpart, finding that the non-Gaussian model finds a slightly denser network of PS. Further work will focus on analyzing the characteristics of this disparity, including its relationship with terrain and system parameters such as wavelength and bandwidth, and compare the estimated deformation from the non-Gaussian detector compared to an existing Gaussian-based model. Understanding the limitations of Gaussian models will inform the design of improved PS detectors to produce more complete deformation maps and enable the broader application of InSAR for challenging applications, such as observing small strain rates in natural terrain.
Comment on “New Ground-State Crystal Structure of Elemental Boron” (2017)

No abstract provided.
Orbital angular momentum beam excitation using an all-fiber weakly fused mode selective coupler (2017)

Orbital angular momentum beam excitation through direct phase-matched coupling is experimentally demonstrated using an all-fiber weakly fused mode selective coupler consisting of a single-mode fiber and a ring-core fiber. Experimental results showing the excited OAM mode purity of up to 75% measured through the standard ring technique not only demonstrate the proof of concept but also provide a baseline for further improvement.
Planar edge termination for 4H-silicon carbide devices (1996)

In this paper, it is demonstrated that the edge termination for 6H-SiC based upon self-aligned implantation of a neutral species on the edges of devices to form an amorphous layer can also be applied to 4H-SiC inspite of differences in their band structures. With this termination formed using argon implantation on Schottky barrier diodes, breakdown voltages were found to exceed those reported for mesa edge terminated diodes. Based upon this, it can be concluded that nearly ideal breakdown voltage is also achievable in 4H-SiC devices by using this planar edge termination.
Investigation of Drug Release From Biodegradable PLG Microspheres: Experiment and Theory (2007)

Piroxicam containing PLG microspheres having different size distributions were fabricated, and in vitro release kinetics were determined for each preparation. Based on the experimental results, a suitable mathematical theory has been developed that incorporates the effect of microsphere size distribution and polymer degradation on drug release. We show from in vitro release experiments that microsphere size has a significant effect on drug release rate. The initial release rate decreased with an increase in microsphere size. In addition, the release profile changed from first order to concave-upward (sigmoidal) as the system size was increased. The mathematical model gave a good fit to the experimental release data.