gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Angiotensin II type 1 receptor blocker attenuates the activation of ERK and NADPH oxidase by mechanical strain in mesangial cells in the absence of angiotensin II (2009)

It has been reported that mechanical strain activates extracellular signal-regulated protein kinases (ERK) without the involvement of angiotensin II (Ang II) in cardiomyocytes. We examined the effects of mechanical strain on ERK phosphorylation levels in the absence of Ang II using rat mesangial cells. The ratio of phosphorylated ERK (p-ERK) to total ERK expression was increased by cyclic mechanical strain in a time- and elongation strength-dependent manner. With olmesartan [Ang II type 1 receptor (AT1R) antagonist] pretreatment, p-ERK plateau levels decreased in a dose-dependent manner (EC(50) = 1.3 x 10(-8) M, maximal inhibition 50.6 +/- 11.0% at 10(-5) M); a similar effect was observed with RNA interference against Ang II type 1A receptor (AT(1A)R) and Tempol, a superoxide dismutase mimetic. In addition to the inhibition of p-ERK levels, olmesartan blocked the increase in cell surface and phosphorylated p47(phox) induced by mechanical strain and also lowered the mRNA expression levels of NADPH oxidase subunits. These results demonstrate that mechanical strain stimulates AT1R to phosphorylate ERK in mesangial cells in the absence of Ang II. This mechanotransduction mechanism is involved in the oxidative stress caused by NADPH oxidase and is blocked by olmesartan. The inverse agonistic activity of this AT1R blocker may be useful for the prevention of mesangial proliferation and renal damage caused by mechanical strain/oxidative stress regardless of circulating or tissue Ang II levels.
ChemInform Abstract: ((2‐(Dimethylamino)ethyl)cyclopentadienyl)trichlorotitanium: A New Type of Olefin Polymerization Catalyst. (1995)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Synthesis of α-d-Galp-(1→3)-β-d-Galf-(1→3)-d-Man, a Terminal Trisaccharide of Leishmania Type-2 Glycoinositolphospholipids (2002)

The synthesis of alpha-D-Galp-(1-->3)-beta-D-Galf-(1-->3)-D-Man, present in the type-2 glycoinositolphospholipids and in the core of the lipophosphoglycan of Leishmania, is described. The glycosyl aldonolactone approach, followed by reduction of the lactone with diisoamylborane, was utilized for the introduction of the internal galactofuranosyl unit and the trichloroacetimidate method for the O-glycosidation reaction. A high-yield synthesis of the beta-D-Galf-(1-3)-D-Man unit, also present in the lipopeptidophosphoglycan of Trypanosoma cruzi, is reported.
Metabolic derangements in the gastrocnemius and the effect of Compound A therapy in a murine model of cancer cachexia (2013)

The findings in the present manuscript enumerate the metabolic consequences of cachexia in the gastrocnemius and demonstrate that NF-kB targeted treatment only partly rescues the cachectic metabolic phenotype. These data strengthen the previous findings from metabolomic characterization of serum in cachectic animals, suggesting that many of the metabolic alterations observed in the blood originate in the diseased muscle. These findings provide significant insight into the complex pathophysiology of cancer cachexia and provide objective criteria for evaluating future therapeutics.
HLA-DR associates with specific stress proteins and is retained in the endoplasmic reticulum in invariant chain negative cells. (1992)

The major histocompatibility complex class II molecules are composed of two polymorphic chains which, in cells normally expressing them, transiently associate with a third, nonpolymorphic molecule, the invariant chain (Ii). To determine differences in the biology of class II molecules synthesized in the presence or absence of Ii, a comparative study was performed of BALB/c 3T3 cells that had been transfected with human class II HLA-DR molecules with or without cotransfection with human Ii. It was observed that in the absence of Ii, at least three high molecular weight proteins coimmunoprecipitate with HLA-DR molecules. These proteins did not coimmunoprecipitate with HLA-DR from cells cotransfected with Ii, nor did they coimmunoprecipitate with class I molecules from any of the transfectants. NH2-terminal sequence and/or Western blot analysis revealed the identity of two of the proteins as the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) resident stress proteins GRP94 and ERp72. Neither of these proteins was found to have an increased level of synthesis in the Ii- versus the Ii+ transfectants, indicating that their synthesis was not induced over constitutive levels. Fluorescence microscopy revealed that in the Ii- transfectants, the majority of the HLA-DR molecules were present in the ER, whereas in the Ii+ transfectants, the HLA-DR molecules were found in vesicular structures. We hypothesize that in the absence of Ii, ER resident stress proteins bind to class II molecules and retain them in the ER. This process, in turn, could prevent class II molecules from exiting the ER with endogenous peptides bound in their peptide binding cleft, and therefore could minimize autoimmune responses to endogenously processed self-peptides.
Identification of a Cryptococcus neoformans Cytochrome P450 Lanosterol 14α-Demethylase (Erg11) Residue Critical for Differential Susceptibility between Fluconazole/Voriconazole and Itraconazole/Posaconazole (2011)

Cryptococcus neoformans strains resistant to azoles due to mutations causing alterations in the ERG11 gene, encoding lanosterol 14α-demethylase, have rarely been reported. In this study, we have characterized a C. neoformans serotype A strain that is resistant to high concentrations of fluconazole (FLC). This strain, which was isolated from an FLC-treated patient, contained five missense mutations in the ERG11 gene compared to the sequence of reference strain H99. Molecular manipulations of the ERG11 gene coupled with susceptibility to triazole revealed that a single missense mutation resulting in the replacement of tyrosine by phenylalanine at amino acid 145 was sufficient to cause the high FLC resistance of the strain. Importantly, this newly identified point mutation in the ERG11 gene of C. neoformans afforded resistance to voriconazole (VRC) but increased susceptibility to itraconazole (ITC) and posaconazole (PSC), which are structurally similar to each other but distinct from FLC/VRC. The in vitro susceptibility/resistance of the strains with or without the missense mutation was reflected in the therapeutic efficacy of FLC versus ITC in the animals infected with the strains. This study shows the importance of the Y145F alteration of Erg11 in C. neoformans for manifestation of differential susceptibility toward different triazoles. It underscores the necessity of in vitro susceptibility testing for each FLC-resistant C. neoformans clinical isolate against different groups of azoles in order to assist patient management.
Effect of Microcapsule Content on Diels-Alder Room Temperature Self-Healing Thermosets (2020)

A furan functionalized epoxy-amine thermoset with an embedded microcapsule healing system that utilizes reversible Diels-Alder healing chemistry was used to investigate the influence of microcapsule loading on healing efficiency. A urea-formaldehyde encapsulation technique was used to create capsules with an average diameter of 150 µm that were filled with a reactive solution of bismaleimide in phenyl acetate. It was found that optimum healing of the thermoset occurred at 10 wt% microcapsule content for the compositions investigated. The diffusion of solvent through the crack interface and within fractured samples was investigated using analytical diffusion models. The decrease in healing efficiency at higher microcapsule loading was attributed partially to solvent-induced plasticization at the interface. The diffusion analysis also showed that the 10% optimum microcapsule concentration occurs for systems with the same interfacial solvent concentration. This suggests that additional physical and chemical phenomena are also responsible for the observed optimum. Such phenomena could include a reduction in surface area available for healing and the saturation of interfacial furan moieties by reaction with increasing amounts of maleimide. Both would result from increased microcapsule loading.
Development of Commercially Viable High-[Tc] Bi-2223 Superconductor Tapes (1993)

Long lengths of flexible Ag-clad Bi-2223 Superconductors have been fabricated by the powder-in-tube technique using prereacted, poly-phase, Pb-doped Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-O powders. At liquid helium (4.2 K) temperature, improved process conditions yielded transport critical current density (J[sub c]) values greater than 10[sup 5] A/cm[sup 2] at zero field; at liquid nitrogen (77K) temperature, the J[sub c] values of short tape samples exceeded 4 [times] 10[sup 4] A/cm[sub 2]. Rolled tapes are cut into lengths up to 2 - meters long and are used in parallel to fabricate small superconducting pancake coils by the wind-and-react'' technique. The cots are characterized at 77K and 4.2 K. The J[sub c] of the coils are up to 80% of the short, rolled sample result at 77 K. The coils exhibited these results even after being cooled and warmed several times between ambient, 77 K and 4.2 K, indicating their stability following thermal cycling.
A framework for the development of information appliances (1995)

This paper provides a framework for the design and development of personal information appliances -interactive technologies which aim to assist users in managing personal information in organisational, group and environmental contexts. The emphasis is on integration, both in terms of the development of integrated families of appliances and in terms of way in which appliances provide an integration of the diverse media necessary to support the management of personal information.
Fixation and cryopreservation of whole blood and isolated mononuclear cells: Influence of different procedures on lymphocyte subset analysis by flow cytometry (2004)

Freezing of fixed WB and PBMCs before or after cell surface staining is a reliable method for preserving specimens in field sites for later determination of lymphocyte subset percentages, which are commonly assessed in immunodeficient and cancer patients.
Assignment of absolute configurations from the circular dichroism spectra of cyclic η4-diene complexes of Fe(CO)3 (1991)

The circular dichroism spectra of a set of 1-substituted tricarbonyl(η4-cyclohexadiene)iron(0) complexes with comparable absolute configurations reveal a pattern of bands that correlates with the absolute stereochemistry of the complexes; the nature of the substituents attached at C-1 of the diene is important in the interpretation of the CD spectra of these compounds, since the sign of the highest wavelength band can be reversed for a particular absolute configuration, depending on whether electron-donating or electron-withdrawing substituents are present.
International New Crop Development Incentives, Barriers, Processes and Progress: an Australian Perspective (2002)

...a new crop industry’s most valuable resource is its people... ...too often, new crop products are those that consumers do not need... ...incentives...often bear little relationship to the creation of value... ...windfall profits...a strong motivation behind much new crop participation... ...we will never hit a target unless we aim at it... ...the purpose of the purpose of the purpose... ...new crop development creates difficulties in managing risk... ...knowledge has context... ...everyone involved in a solution needs to participate in finding it... ...crops rarely attract support when they need it most... ...the commercialization of new crop products is chaotic... ...successful outcomes are unpredictable... ...there are no experts in new crops... ...new crop participants will benefit more from cooperation than competition... ...primary producers...production dominates their minds... ...participants...want to do better through designing their own future...
Self-demodulation of high-frequency ultrasound (2010)

High-frequency (>10 MHz) ultrasound is used in, e.g., small animal imaging or intravascular applications. Currently available ultrasound contrast agents (UCAs) have a suboptimal response for high frequencies. This study therefore investigates the nonlinear propagation effects in a high-frequency ultrasound field (25 MHz) and its use for standard UCA and diagnostic frequencies (1-3 MHz). Nonlinear mixing of two high-frequency carrier waves produces a low-frequency wave, known as the self-demodulation or parametric array effect. Hydrophone experiments showed that the self-demodulated field of a focused 25 MHz transducer (850 kPa source pressure) has an amplitude of 45 kPa at 1.5 MHz in water. Such pressure level is sufficient for UCA excitation. Experimental values are confirmed by numerical simulations using the Khokhlov-Zabolotskaya-Kuznetsov equation on a spatially convergent grid.
Adaptive Membrane Fluidity Modulation: A Feedback Regulated Homeostatic System and Target for Pharmacological Intervention (2021)

Azelates represent a new class of drugs, membrane active immunomodulators, which target an innate homeostatic mechanism, adaptive membrane fluidity modulation.
Catalytic consequences of experimental evolution. Part 3. Construction of reaction profiles for hydrolysis of lactose by ebg°, ebga, and ebgbenzymes via measurement of the enzyme-catalysed exchange ofD-[1-18O]galactose by13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1983)

Rate-constants at 37°C for the exchange of D-[1-18O]galactose with solvent, catalysed by the wild-type second β-galactosidase of E. coli, ebg°, and the experimental evolvants ebga and ebgb have been measured. These have been used with other data to construct substantially complete free-energy profiles for the wild-type enzyme and the two evolvants selected for catalytic efficiency on lactose. The consequences of the ebg°→ebga change are not simple, but the ebg°→ebgb change can be regarded as largely a stabilisation of the galactosyl-enzyme intermediate, considered to be the second most likely evolutionary change in a free-energy profile by W. J. Albery and J. R. Knowles, Biochemistry, 1976, 15, 5631.
Mechanism Investigation of p-i-n ZnO-Based Light-Emitting Diodes (2009)

Using a cosputtering technique to deposit P-ZnO : AlN film and using a vapor cooling condensation system to deposit n-ZnO : In and i-ZnO films on sapphire substrates, thin-film-type ZnO-based light-emitting diodes (LEDs) were fabricated. A Nd : YAG laser with a wavelength of 413 nm is utilized to identify the defect-related emissions of p-ZnO, i-ZnO, and n-ZnO films. The characteristics of i-ZnO layer of ultraviolet (UV) emissions were analyzed using temperature-dependent photoluminescence. The mechanism of the UV electroluminescence emission peak at 3.20 eV observed from the p-i-n ZnO-based LEDs were attributed to the low deep-level defects and the radiative recombination occurred in the i-ZnO layer.
Is Equilibrium Point Control Feasible for Fast Goal-Directed Single-Joint Movements? (2006)

Several types of equilibrium point (EP) controllers have been proposed for the control of posture and movement. EP controllers are appealing from a computational perspective because they do not require solving the "inverse dynamic problem" (i.e., computation of the torques required to move a system along a desired trajectory). It has been argued that EP controllers are not capable of controlling fast single-joint movements. To refute this statement, several extensions have been proposed, although these have been tested using models in which only the tendon compliance, force-length-velocity relation, and mechanical interaction between tendon and contractile element were not adequately represented. In the present study, fast elbow-joint movements were measured and an attempt was made to reproduce these using a realistic musculoskeletal model of the human arm. Three types of EP controllers were evaluated: an open-loop alpha-controller, a closed-loop lambda-controller, and a hybrid open- and closed-loop controller. For each controller we considered a continuous version and a version in which the control signals were sent out intermittently. Only the intermittent hybrid EP controller was capable of generating movements that were as fast as those of the subjects. As a result of the nonlinear muscle properties, the hybrid EP controller requires a more detailed representation of static muscle properties than generally assumed in the context of EP control. In sum, this study shows that fast single-joint movements can be realized without explicitly solving the inverse dynamics problem, but in a less straightforward manner than implied by proponents of conventional EP controllers.
Using the lens haptic plane concept and thick-lens ray tracing to calculate intraocular lens power (2004)

The methodology developed allows for IOL power calculation from first principles (ie, using true physical distances, radii, and refractive indices as input for the optical calculation).
CoMP-Based Dynamic Handover for Vehicular VLC Networks (2020)

Visible light communication (VLC) has emerged as a potential wireless connectivity solution for infrastructure-to-vehicle networks where street lights can be configured to serve as access points. In this letter, we propose dynamic soft handover algorithm based on coordinated multipoint (CoMP) transmission. The proposed algorithm takes the rate of change in the received power as an input and accordingly revises the handover margin and time-to-trigger value without explicit information of the vehicle velocity. Our simulation results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm outperforms conventional CoMP and hard handover and maintains a stable signal quality regardless of vehicle velocity.
Cavernosal Alpha-Blockade: A New Technique for Investigating and Treating Erectile Impotence (1983)

Intravacernosal injection of phenoxybenzamine, in a dose too small to have significant general effects, caused full erection lasting between half an hour and 30 hours in 30 of 4 potent men (2 normal, 2 anorgasmic) and in 6 of 11 impotent men. In the remaining potent man and 3 of the remaining eleven impotent men have had sexual intercourse, for the first time for months or years, while under the drug. The practical implications of this new discovery are discussed.
Resource Allocation for NOMA-based LPWA Networks Powered by Energy\n Harvesting (2020)

In this paper, we explore perpetual, scalable, Low-powered Wide-area networks\n(LPWA). Specifically we focus on the uplink transmissions of non-orthogonal\nmultiple access (NOMA)-based LPWA networks consisting of multiple self-powered\nnodes and a NOMA-based single gateway. The self-powered LPWA nodes use the\n"harvest-then-transmit" protocol where they harvest energy from ambient sources\n(solar and radio frequency signals), then transmit their signals. The main\nfeatures of the studied LPWA network are different transmission times-on-air,\nmultiple uplink transmission attempts, and duty cycle restrictions. The aim of\nthis work is to maximize the time-averaged sum of the uplink transmission rates\nby optimizing the transmission time-on-air allocation, the energy harvesting\ntime allocation and the power allocation; subject to a maximum transmit power\nand to the availability of the harvested energy. We propose a low complex\nsolution which decouples the optimization problem into three sub-problems: we\nassign the LPWA node transmission times (using either the fair or unfair\napproaches), we optimize the energy harvesting (EH) times using a\none-dimensional search method, and optimize the transmit powers using a\nconcave-convex (CCCP) procedure. In the simulation results, we focus on Long\nRange (LoRa) networks as a practical example LPWA network. We validate our\nproposed solution and we observe a $15\\%$ performance improvement when using\nNOMA.\n
Incidence and causes of blindness among the under 5 age group in Malawi. (1977)

The expected incidence of blindness among children under 5 years of age in Malawi is 34 cases per 100 000 children. Direct ocular infections were responsible for the blindness in 32% of the cases (bacterial infections 20% and measles 12%). The instillation of traditional medicine in these cases worsened the ocular condition and induced in all of the cases a "hopeless" situation of total melting of the cornea and protrusion of the uvea. Congenital factors (excluding retinoblastomas) were responsible for 30-8% of the blind cases. Among these, 11 cases of congenital cataracts were successfully treated and will not appear as blind in future. A high incidence (9-3%) of cortical blindness was recorded. Trauma was implicated in 5-3%, while retinoblastoma was found in 8%. It is believed that adequate preventive measures should be able to lower the incidence of blindness among this age group to 5 cases instead of 34 per 100 000 children.
7-Heteroaryl-1,2,3,5-tetrahydroimidazol[2,1-b]quinazolin-2(1H)-one derivatives with cardiac stimulant activity (1989)

A series of 7-heteroaryl-1,2,3,5-tetrahydroimidazo[2,1-b]quinazolin++ +-2 (1H)-ones was synthesized and evaluated in dogs for cardiac stimulant activity. Compounds were obtained by a palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling reaction between a heteroarylzinc chloride and a 7-iodo-1,2,3,5-tetrahydroimidazo [2,1-b]quinazolin-2(1H)-one or by cyclization of an N-[(2-aminophenyl)methyl]glycinate with cyanogen bromide. Compared to the parent ring system (3), introduction of a 2,6-dimethylpyridin-3-yl (6), 2,4-dimethylimidazol-1-yl (7), or 1,2,4-triazol-1-yl (8) moiety at the 7-position led to a 13-17-fold increase in positive inotropic activity (percentage increase in dP/dtmax) in anesthetized dogs. Potency could be further enhanced with a 9-methyl substituent (10-12). The most potent member of the series, 7-(2,4-dimethylimidazol-1-yl)-9-methyl-1,2,3,5-tetrahydroimidaz o [2,1-b]quinazolin-2(1H)-one (11) (23% increase in dP/dtmax, 2 micrograms/kg), was 80 times more active than 3 and displayed a 5-fold advantage over milrinone. In conscious dogs, 6 elicited marked and sustained positive inotropic activity (decrease in QA interval) after oral administration (1 mg/kg), whereas 10-12 were 10 times more potent. 11 produced an obvious increase in cardiac contractility (20% increase in dP/dtmax) at low dose levels (25 micrograms/kg) while, after 100 micrograms/kg, the marked response (50% increase in dP/dtmax) was maintained for the whole 7-h test period. In these experiments, 11 had no effect on heart rate, and the compound also displayed exceptional selectivity for increasing the force rather than the rate of cardiac contraction (greater than 150% increase in dP/dtmax) in the Starling heart-lung preparation. These studies demonstrate that the tetrahydroimidazoquinazolinone nucleus is an effective bioisostere for the 2(1H)-quinolinone system and that 11 displays improved cardiac stimulant activity and duration of action when compared to milrinone.
How does lesion size affect the pooled effect of traction-assisted endoscopic submucosal dissection on procedure time? A meta-regression (2019)

The purpose of this letter was to explore how lesion size affects the pooled effect of traction-assisted endoscopic submucosal dissection on procedure time. Our meta-regression showed that lesion size negatively associated with the effect of traction-assisted endoscopic submucosal dissection on procedure time (estimate point = - 1.02; 95% confidence interval, from - 1.58 to - 0.46). We also confirmed this result in different statistical models including fixed effect regression and two mixed effects regression models.