gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The importance of paraspinal muscle EMG in cervical and lumbosacral radiculopathy: review of 100 cases. (1996)

It is well known that examination of the paraspinal muscles are an important part of the electrodiagnostic (EDX) evaluation of a patient with suspected radiculopathy. However, many electromyographers hesitate to routinely include this in their study. A random retrospective chart review was performed on 49 patients with cervical radiculopathy and 51 patients with lumbosacral radiculopathy to determine the frequency of EDX abnormalities in the paraspinal muscles and limb muscles. Criteria for abnormality was the presence of spontaneous activity in two muscles in a myotomal pattern in the limb, or in the paraspinal muscles. It was found that 20 out of 49 (40.8%) of the cervical radiculopathies and 10 out of 51 (19.6%) of the lumbosacral radiculopathies had abnormalities restricted only to the paraspinal muscles. These results indicate that especially in the cervical spine, a significant percentage of patients with radiculopathy will be missed if examination of the paraspinal muscles are not part of the EDX evaluation of the patient with suspected radiculopathy.
Structure-Function of Muscarinic Receptor Coupling to G Proteins (1995)

To derive structure-function relationships for receptor-G protein coupling, libraries were created of human m5 muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (m5) randomly mutated in the C-terminal region of the third intracellular loop. Functional receptors were identified based on their ability to amplify NIH 3T3 cells in a ligand-dependent manner. These receptors either had wild-type phenotypes (Group 1) or were functionally impaired (Group 2). No "activated receptors" were identified. Tolerated substitutions in Group 2 receptors were randomly distributed and frequently included prolines and glycines. In contrast, tolerated substitutions in Group 1 receptors exhibited a periodicity proximal to transmembrane domain 6 were proline and glycine substitutions were not observed. These observations are consistent with a short alpha-helical extension of the C-terminal region of the third intracellular loop from transmembrane domain 6. Mutations at Ala-441 were most commonly associated with impaired function of Group 2 receptors. Twelve point mutations at Ala-441 were tested, and all caused marked increases in EC50 values with little effect on maximal response or agonist binding affinity. These results indicate that Ala-441 is a key determinant of m5 receptor affinity for G proteins and exists within the structural context of a short alpha-helix.
An FT-IR based instrument for measuring spectral emittance of material at high temperature (1990)

For surfaces at high temperature the emitted spectrum of electromagnetic radiation is the most convenient probe of temperature, if the spectral emittance (emissivity) of the sample at that temperature is known. A bench top instrument has been developed that, when coupled to a Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectrometer, allows for the measurements of emission, directional-hemispherical reflection, and directional-hemispherical transmission from materials at elevated temperatures. From these radiative property measurements, the temperature at the measurement point and the spectral emittance of the surface can both be obtained. The method has been applied to a variety of materials (i.e., metals, dielectrics, coal slags) with a variety of surface properties (i.e., partially transmitting and nontransmitting; specularly reflecting and diffusely reflecting) at temperatures up to 2226 K. The article describes the technique, presents the results for several materials, and compares results with those for other investigators.
Metallocenter Biosynthesis & Assembly (2005)

Abstract Metalloproteins have been characterized intensively for decades, yet only recently has progress been made in characterizing the mechanisms of biological metallocenter biosynthesis and assembly. Here, we describe how cellular synthesis of metal sites makes use of several recurring themes, often with multiple themes combined into a single pathway. In the simplest situation, binding of a metal ion to a biological ligand occurs by reversible thermodynamic control. However, the prevalence of metallocenters deeply buried within macromolecules, the exceedingly low concentrations of free metal ions within cells, and the sophisticated structures of many metal‐containing active sites and cofactors provide evidence that alternative and more complex approaches also must exist. In some cases, metallochaperones are used to deliver the metal of interest to an apoprotein. In other cases the target protein undergoes posttranslational modification at the metal‐binding site, either prior to or after the metal is bound. Many metallocenters contain additional components that are added along with the metal ion or used to form a preassembled metal‐containing cofactor. Scaffolding proteins may be used to provide a framework for construction of the cofactor. Electron transfer reactions involving the metal, an added compound, or the protein ligand can participate in activation. Finally, molecular chaperones that bind to and alter the conformation of the target apoprotein may be utilized. In many cases, the function of the molecular chaperone is coupled to nucleotide triphosphate hydrolysis.
Editorial: Proceedings of FSTP3 Congress–A Sustainable Durum Wheat Chain for Food Security and Healthy Lives (2021)

This Special Issue of Frontiers in Plant Science collects 14 manuscripts presented at the Congress ‘From Seed to Pasta 3' (www.fromseedtopasta.com/). The papers highlight some of the most recent achievements in durum wheat (Triticum turgidum ssp. durum) research, toward a sustainable durum wheat chain able to enhance food security and healthier grain production. A timely update that gauges the impressive progress achieved since the publication of the first Special Issue on durum wheat genomics (Tuberosa and Pozniak, 2014).
Measurement of short-chain fatty acids in low concentration using detector tube (2014)

畜産現場で利用可能な低濃度低級脂肪酸の測定方法を開発した．検知管の測定感度を向上させるため，吸着剤に一旦試料ガスを濃縮し，加熱脱着したガスを検知管で測定する方法とした．検討の結果，1）吸着剤に石英担体を用いることにより，加熱脱着時に通気するガスに浄化空気を使用して，300℃で全量を脱着できること，2）吸着剤と検知管の間にU字管を挟むことにより，加熱脱着ガスの温度の変動や結露の影響に対応できること，3）石英捕集管を用いることにより，検知管の干渉ガスであるNO2，SO2およびアンモニアを99％以上除去でき，干渉ガスを含有する試料ガスに対しても使用できること，を明らかにした．そこで，U字管を接続した石英捕集管を製作し，実試料への適用可能性を評価した結果，試料ガスの濃縮量と検知管指示値には比例関係が得られ，定量的に測定できることがわかった．
Eu2Si5N8and EuYbSi4N7. The First Nitridosilicates with a Divalent Rare Earth Metal (1997)

The crystal structures of dieuropium penta siliconocta­nitride, Eu2Si5N8, and europium ytterbium tetrasiliconheptanitride, EuYbSi4N7, are based on three-dimensional networks of corner-sharing SiN4 tetrahedra. Eu2Si5N8 is isotypic with the previously reported Sr and Ba analogues; EuYbSi4N7 is isotypic with SrYbSi4N7 and BaYbSi4N7.
A Novel Phenomenological Ligament Modeling Approach Utilizing Robotic Calibration (2012)

While total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is a successful procedure to mitigate joint pain, there remain improvement opportunities with respect to restoring natural joint feeling and function [1]. It has been shown that prosthesis geometry and the retention of ligaments can have an influence on patient perception of how normal a TKA feels [2]. Numerical knee modeling offers the possibility to improve outcomes of feel and function by comparing the predicted behavior of TKAs using various designs and surgical variables with the behavior of intact knees. The TKA development process also benefits as these analyses and resulting optimizations can be performed in an early design stage.
[Chronic kidney disease and sudden death]. (2016)

Cardiovascular disease represents the major cause of death in chronic kidney disease patients accounting for about 43% of all mortality causes among hemodialysis patients. Sudden cardiac death (SCD) is one of the most frequent and dangerous clinical syndrome occurring in end stage renal disease (ESRD) patients. Hemodialysis patients present a great number of non traditional risk factors for cardiovascular disease such as left ventricular hypertrophy, coronary artery disease, rapid electrolyte shifts, QT dispersion, sympathetic hyperactivity and hyperphosphatemia. The aim of the following review is to summarize epidemiological aspects and pathophysiological pathways of SCD in CKD patients, defining prevention and treatment guidelines.
Low temperature high voltage analog devices in a 3D sequential integration (2020)

We built an original stackable 2.5V device on FDSOI with analog performance comparable to high temperature reference and passing the PBTI reliability criteria. In depth characterization of low temperature (LT) gate stack devices with thick EOT are investigated, enabling to draw guidelines for future optimization. This paper demonstrates the feasibility of LT high V <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">DD</inf> analog devices, which can be used for sensor read out operation, paving the way to ultraminiaturized smart sensor arrays.
IPv6 Backbone Router (2020)

This document updates RFC 6775 and RFC 8505 in order to enable proxy
services for IPv6 Neighbor Discovery by Routing Registrars called
Backbone Routers. Backbone Routers are placed along the wireless edge
of a Backbone, and federate multiple wireless links to form a single
Multi-Link Subnet.
An Essential Role for the IL-7 Receptor During Intrathymic Expansion of the Positively Selected Neonatal T Cell Repertoire (2000)

Intrathymic T cell development is a multistage process involving discrete phases of proliferation as well as differentiation. From studies on IL-7 or IL-7Ralpha-deficient mice, it is clear that the IL-7 receptor (IL-7R) plays a critical role during the initial stages of intrathymic CD4-8- precursor development. In contrast, the role of IL-7R in later stages of thymocyte development are unclear. Here, we have used various approaches to investigate directly the role of the IL-7R in thymocyte positive selection and the recently described phase of postselection proliferation. First, we show that positive selection involves selective up-regulation of IL-7Ralpha- and IL-7Rgamma-chains, with the majority of CD4+ and CD8+ cells being IL-7R+. Second, MHC class II+ thymic epithelium-which drives postselection proliferation-expresses IL-7 mRNA. Finally, analysis of positive selection and postselection proliferation in thymocytes from IL-7Ralpha-/- neonates shows that positive selection occurs normally, whereas postselection expansion is drastically reduced. Thus, our data provide the first evidence that, as well as playing a role during early phases of thymic development, IL-7R mediates intrathymic expansion of positively selected thymocytes, which may aid in establishment of the neonatal peripheral T cell pool.
Design and prototyping of DSP custom circuits based on a library of arithmetic components (2002)

In this paper, the development and design of a library of arithmetic components is presented. The library contains different types of adders and multipliers operating in fixed and floating-point arithmetic. The architecture of the modules and other features (word size, number of pipeline stages, etc.) can be selected among a large number of choices. The result is a synthesizable VHDL description that can be mapped to different target technologies, which makes the library elements reusable. The main field of application of this library is DSP applications. The use of this library proposes a new method for designing DSP custom circuits, mainly ASICs and FPGAs.
Ueber die medicinische und chemische Anwendung und die vortheilhafte Darstellung der Ameisensäure (1832)

A meisenslure;
Data-Parallel Computing: The Language Dimension (1996)

Increasingly, research in parallel computing is focused on how high-level language constructs can be implemented. Through the introduction of a language, EVAL, the authors show how such languages can help to develop a better understanding of the nature of data parallelism and consequently produce more elegant and portable programs.
Needle type CMOS imaging device for fluorescence imaging of deep brain activities with low invasiveness (2013)

We propose a thin type CMOS image sensor for measuring neural activities. The sensor is designed very thin shape for low invasiveness to a mouse brain. We demonstrate fluorescence imaging with the sensor.
A digital array radar with a hierarchical system architecture (2009)

A digital array radar system prototype is presented that makes use of a hierarchical digital backend coupled with highly-integrated, multi-channel RF transceivers. The general benefits of using such a hierarchical architecture are briefly discussed, along with how this prototype is in line with a vision for future radars that fully embrace the concept of low-cost integration in a panelized platform. A target tracking example is given using the prototype that illustrates some specific advantages to using a hierarchical digital backend.
A hybrid microdevice with a thin PDMS membrane on the detection window for UV absorbance detection (2007)

We exploited a PDMS-quartz hybrid microchip with a thin PDMS membrane on the concave detection window for UV absorbance detection. The thickness of the PDMS membrane is about 100 mum, with high UV transmittance. As compared to a PDMS-quartz hybrid chip with a common detection window, the proposed one exhibited over an one order of magnitude sensitivity enhancement, and an about two orders of magnitude S/N increase for gastrodin (p-hydroxymethylphenyl-beta-D-glucopyranoside). In addition, the limit of the detection wavelength has been extended from 240 to 210 nm, which is otherwise impossible for a traditional PDMS-quartz hybrid microchip. This kind of microchip has the potential for a large range of applications in an integrated microfluidic system with UV detection.
Model Maturation - Perhaps we Should Talk? (2013)

History matching in reservoir modeling is done increasingly with the help of (semi-) automated computer techniques. Although such techniques will lead to accelerated estimation of the values of reservoir model parameters, they will not, by themselves, solve the often occurring problem of conceptual reservoir model inadequacies (missing faults, unidentified aquifers, etc.). Closing the loop between the various disciplines cannot - should not! - be automated. Over the past years, we have developed a workflow called “Model Maturation”, where we use a forced history match to flag inadequacies in the dynamic model, and subsequently address those in an interdisciplinary dialogue (between reservoir engineer, geologist, petrophysicist, geophysicist). Such a forced history match is not limited to production data, but can also include data from 4D seismic, saturation logs and RFT measurements. The “matured” reservoir model is subsequently subjected to a standard Assisted History Match, using, for example, DoE to optimize the values of the revised set of reservoir parameters. In this presentation, we show the concepts and a few (of many) field cases worldwide where we have successfully applied abovementioned workflow, thereby significantly improving the reservoir models in question, which in turn has a direct impact on the business decisions depending on those models.
I653, A NEW INHALATION ANESTHETIC, DOES NOT SENSITIZE SWINE MYOCARDIUM TO EXOGENOUS EPINEPHRINE (1988)

Weiskopf, Richard B. M.D.; Brown, Joanna M.D.; Rampil, Ira J. M.D.; Eger, Edmond I. II M.D.; Holmes, Margot A. B.S.; Johnson, Brynte H. M.S. Author Information
Effects Of An Overhead Goal On A Drop Vertical Jump Maneuver (2005)

This study examined whether an extrinsic motivator, such as an overhead goal, during a plyometric jump may alter movement biomechanics. To maximize plyometric training efficiency it has been suggested that feedback through the use of targets or force plate analysis be incorporated. PURPOSE The purpose was to examine the effects of an overhead goal on vertical jump height and lower extremity biomechanics during a drop vertical jump (DVJ) and compare the effects on female versus male athletes. METHODS 2 collegiate soccer teams, 18 female (ht 165 ± 5 cm, wt 66 ± 10 kg, age 20.0 ± 1.2 yrs) and 17 male athletes (ht 177 ± 6 cm, wt 74 ± 7 kg, age 21.1 ± 1.6 yrs), participated in this study. DVJ was performed both with (OG) and without (NOG) the use of an overhead goal. Motion and force data was collected with 8 cameras (Motion Analysis Corporation, 240Hz) and 2 forceplates (AMTI, 1200Hz). A 2-way mixed design ANOVA was used to determine the main effects and interaction of overhead goal and gender(P < 0.05). RESULTS Vertical jump height was greater (P=0.002) with the overhead goal for both male (NOG 48.3±1.1cm, OG 49.4±1.2cm) and female athletes (NOG 36.8±1.1cm, OG 37.3±1.0). A main group effect for gender was found in vertical jump height (p<0.001) with males jumping 32% higher than females. In addition, males had 19% greater maximum takeoff vertical force (P=0.009). Males had 18% greater maximum takeoff hip extensor moment than females regardless of whether the overhead goal was used or not (P=0.02). The knee moment was significantly greater with the overhead goal indicative of increased knee extensor recruitment. A main effect for the OG was found for the maximum takeoff knee extensor moment (P=0.04). Males and females performed the DVJ differently with the overhead goal. A significant goal × gender interaction was found for stance time (P=0.02) and maximum ankle (P=0.04) and knee flexion angles (P=0.04). Stance times were significantly shorter in males (P=0.02) with the overhead goal, while females showed no difference in stance time between OG and NOG conditions (P=0.51). Knee angle in females was not different between goal conditions, but kinematic analysis did show a trend (P=0.09) toward increased knee range of motion with the overhead goal. In addition, maximum ankle angle in women showed a similar trend (P=0.08), with increased range of motion during the overhead goal condition. Maximum ankle (P=0.31) and knee (P=0.20) angles were not significantly different in males with and without the goal. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that overhead goals may be incorporated during training and testing protocols to alter lower extremity biomechanics that can increase performance.
Magnetization-Induced Reduction in Dynamic Modulus of Polyurethane Elastomers Loaded with Ferrite (2007)

Magnetization effects on the dynamic modulus of a magnetic elastomer consisting of polyurethane and barium ferrite have been investigated. The complex modulus was measured before and after magnetization by dynamic viscoelastic measurements with a compressional strain. Giant reductions in storage modulus of ∼105 Pa and in loss modulus of ∼104 Pa were observed after magnetizing the elastomer at 1 T. The magnetic elastomer also showed a deformation with a strain of ∼10-4 caused by the magnetization. The observed giant reduction in dynamic modulus can be ascribed to the large nonlinear viscoelastic response of the magnetic elastomer and the magnetization-induced deformation. Nonlinear viscoelastic responses, morphologies of magnetic particles, and deformation for the magnetic elastomer are discussed.
Fast‐fourier transform beam‐propagation method using Fadé approximant operators (1995)

Abstract The (1, 1) Fadé approximant operator is applied to the fast Fourier transform beam‐propagation method (FFT‐BPM). The Fadé operator for FFT‐BPM is derived, and its relation to the wide‐angle and paraxial operators is investigated. Next, the propagation error of the fundamental mode of a straight step‐index waveguide is evaluated by the mode mismatch loss. It is proved that, in contrast to the wide‐angle operator, Fadé operator does cot exhibit loss, even at small transverse grid‐widths. Finally, as an example of when transverse propagating waves cannot be neglected, the problem of fundamental mode propagation in a tilt waveguide is investigated. It is clarified that the Paé operator preserves an accuracy comparable to that of the wide‐angle operator, even if the tilt angle is widened up to 25 degrees.
Fiber type composition of articular branches of the tibial nerve at the knee joint in man (1996)

The percentage of unmyelinated fibers is comparable to that found in articular nerves in other species. We discovered that the main articular branch of the tibial nerve contains a branch projecting distal to the knee joint capsule; therefore, the best location for placement of a neural recording interface to record from capsular afferents appears to be the well-defined ramifications of the articular branch that penetrate the joint capsule. Branches that contain only these ramifications are 0.5-1.0 mm in diameter and, on average, have 658 myelinated axons, which should be a sufficient number from which to record.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTH. VON GRAMICIDIN S DURCH NEUE VARIANTEN DER FESTPHASENSYNTH. (1970)

Abstract Das in bekannter Weise hergestellte Furfuryl‐2,4,5‐trichlorphenyl‐carbonat (I) kann zur Einführung der Furfuryloxycarbonylgruppe (II) in Aminosäuren dienen; es werden z.B. die geschützten Aminosäuren (III)‐(VI) hergestellt.
Hole concentration and thermoelectric figure of merit for Pb1−x SnxTe:Te solid solutions (2000)

The maximum densities of holes generated by cation vacancies, as well as thermoelectric parameters of (Pb1−x Snx)1−y Tey solid solutions with tin content x in the range from 0.4 to 0.6, were investigated. It is shown that each vacancy produces four holes in the valence band and that only for small x can the concept of doubly charged vacancy be used. The maximum thermoelectric figure of merit Z is (1.0−1.1)×10−3 K−1 at T=800–850 K. The relatively high value of Z achieved without doping is due to the high electrical conductivity provided, first, by the small effective mass of holes and, second, by the high electrical activity of the vacancies.
Research and implementation of file security mechanisms based on file system filter driver (2017)

First of all, from the aspect of key component in the Windows kernel, using the related tools of operating system kernel, to analyze and debug each kernel component by combining with the verification procedures, and objects of individual component in executable level is analyzed deeply, to be familiar with the internal principles of each executable component, and learn to use the kernel debugger, laying the foundations for subsequent in-depth kernel development. Then, this paper studied the techniques commonly used by malicious programs, including the hidden process, images, files and various hook techniques. On this basis, for all kinds of malicious behavior, this paper gives the principle of counter-measures, which is taken by file system filter driven. A file system filter driver module is designed and implemented in this paper. This module realizes the basic encryption and decryption, however a simple XOR operation is used in encryption operation. Because it does not affect research ideas through developing file system filter driver to study the Windows kernel. In the implement of transparent encryption and decryption modules, mainly introduce how to achieve each core routine problem according to the custom data structure combining with the kernel file operation process. The detailed logic flow diagrams and text description are given for each core processing routine. This paper explains basic data structure which is developed by the Windows kernel driver, combing this with the knowledge of the Windows kernel components and the understanding of functional needs permits the customization of a number of important data types. These customized data types include description disk file encryption identification, as well as the process control block in memory that is used to safeguard legitimate processes. The core of this paper is to sort out the processing of files operating the in the kernel, and using this to achieve a core based processing flow of transparent encryption and decryption of code modules.