gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Level-shifter free design of low power dual supply voltage CMOS circuits using dual threshold voltages (2005)

Usage of dual supply voltages in a digital circuit is an effective way of reducing power consumption due to the quadratic relation of supply voltage to power consumption. But the need for level shifters when a low voltage gate drives a high voltage gate has been a limiting factor preventing widespread usage of dual supply voltages in digital circuit design. The overhead of level shifters forces designers to increase the granularity of dual voltage assignment, reducing the maximum obtainable savings. We propose a method of applying dual supply voltages at gate level granularity without using level shifters. We modify the threshold voltage of the high voltage gates that are driven by low voltage gates in order to obtain the level shifting operation together with the logic operation. Using our method, we obtained an average of 20% energy savings for ISCAS'85 benchmark circuits.
Needle-tissue interaction modeling using ultrasound-based motion estimation: Phantom study (2008)

Needle insertion simulators find use in a number of medical interventions, such as prostate brachytherapy. A needle insertion simulator has three main components: the needle model, the tissue model, and the model of interaction between the needle and the tissue. In this paper, a new methodology is introduced for the joint modeling of tissue and needle-tissue interactions. The approach consists of the measurement of tissue motion using ultrasound, and of the needle position and base force. Tissue motion is determined using a correlation-based algorithm that processes the ultrasound radiofrequency data. The tissue elastic parameters and the parameters of the tissue-needle interaction model are determined by using numerical optimization to match the response of the needle insertion model to the measured data. Phantom experiments were carried out in which a brachytherapy needle was inserted into a two-layer non-homogeneous phantom mimicking a prostate and its surrounding tissue. Experimental results show good agreement with the model obtained. In particular, the parameters of a three-parameter force model were identified for each layer of the phantom to fit the measured force to the simulated one. Also, the Young's modulus of each layer was identified to match the measured and simulated nodal axial displacements. This is the first report of the use of ultrasound radiofrequency data to characterize tissue motion during needle insertion. As the method is non-invasive and does not involve ionizing radiation, its application in patient studies is feasible.
A Model for Collaborative Blockchain-Based Video Delivery Relying on Advanced Network Services Chains (2017)

The constant rise of over-the-top video consumption nowadays challenges the current Internet architecture. In this article, we propose a user-centric approach that helps the necessary reshaping of the content delivery ecosystem. We study how blockchain-powered smart contracts and network service chaining can be exploited to support such novel collaboration schemes. Finally, our findings suggest that the proposed solution can complement existing technologies by supporting a wide range of business cases while at the same time significantly reducing costs.
Biomass Treatment Strategies for Thermochemical Conversion (2017)

Biomass is among the most promising renewable resources to provide a sustainable solution to meet the world’s increasing usage of it in biochemical and thermochemical conversion technologies. Thermochemical conversion processes (pyrolysis, gasification, and combustion) thermally convert biomass into energy-dense intermediates that can be, in turn, converted to power, liquid fuels, and chemicals. The performance of the processes and quality of the intermediates are strongly affected by endogenic and technogenic inorganics. This review highlights investigations on the effect and the fate of inorganics during pyrolysis, gasification, and combustion of lignocellulosic biomass and critically and comprehensively presents pre-treatment and post-treatment approaches for inorganic removal. During pyrolysis process, the inorganic contents can have significant catalytic effects and change the thermal degradation rate, chemical pathway, and bio-oil yield. During combustion process, the inorganic contents can bring various technological problems, environmental risks, and health concerns. During gasification process, the inorganic contents cause diversified downstream hazards. In recent years, several pre-treatment (mechanical, thermal, and chemical pre-treatment) and post-treatment (gas product and liquid product post-treatment) approaches have been employed to control and diminish the impact of inorganics during thermochemical conversion. Effective pre-treatment technologies exist to remove inorganic contaminants to lower concentration limits. However, the main drawbacks of these pre-treatments are that they (i) reduce the overall efficiency due to the need of further drying process of wet biomass after pre-treatment and (ii) increase chemicals, facilities, and drying costs. Post-treatment technologies are utilized to meet the strict levels of cleanup demands for the downstream applications. A great number of technologies exist to purify the raw synthesis gas stream that is produced by thermochemical conversion of biomass.
Temporal development of the plasma composition of metal plasma streams in a reactive environment (2003)

We describe the temporal development of the plasma composition in a pulsed plasma stream generated by a cathodic arc. Cathode materials used were Zr and Cr at various nitrogen pressures. The time resolved plasma composition for the cathode materials was analyzed with time-of-flight charge-to-mass spectrometry, and was found to be a strong function of the nitrogen pressure. Large plasma composition gradients were found within the first 70 microseconds of the pulse, the nitrogen concentration increasing when increasing pressure. The results are explained by the formation and erosion of a compound layer at the cathode surface in the presence of a reactive gas. The average charge state was also found to be affect by the reactive gas pressure as well as by the time after ignition. The charge states were highest in the beginning of the pulse at low nitrogen pressure, decreasing down to a steady-state value at high pressure. The results are of importance for reactive plasma processing and for controlling of the evolution of thin film composition and microstructure. This is obtained from an increased understanding of plasma composition and distribution of energetic species (resulting from the distribution of charge states).
Monodisperse Cylindrical Micelles of Controlled Length with a Liquid‐Crystalline Perfluorinated Core by 1D “Self‐Seeding” (2016)

Precise control over the morphology and dimensions of block copolymer (BCP) micelles has attracted interest due to the potential of this approach to generate functional nanostructures. Incorporation of liquid crystalline (LC) block can provide additional ways to vary micellar morphologies, but the formation of uniform micelles with controllable dimensions from LC BCPs has not yet been realized. Herein, we report the preparation of monodisperse cylindrical micelles with a LC poly(2-(perfluorooctyl)ethyl methacrylate (PFMA) core via a fragmentation-thermal annealing (F-TA) process, resembling the "self-seeding" process of crystalline BCP micelles. The average length of the cylinders increases with annealing temperature, with a narrow length distribution (Lw /Ln <1.1). We also demonstrate the potential application of the cylinders with LC cores as a cargo-carrier by the successful incorporation of a hydrophobic fluorescent dye tagged with a fluorooctyl group.
Highly Efficient Solid-State Electrochemically Generated Chemiluminescence from Ester-Substituted Trisbipyridineruthenium(II)-Based Polymers (1998)

A polymerizable ester-substituted trisbipyridine complex of ruthenium(II) has been synthesized and the solid-state electrochemiluminescence (ECL) properties of its polymer evaluated. A collection of 12 “sandwich-type” solid-state cells were investigated each having a ∼0.3 μm thick film of the polymer sandwiched between a transparent indium/tin oxide (ITO) anode and a porous Au cathode. The ECL of these devices was evaluated in the solid state. Despite considerable variability in performance, the most efficient of these devices exhibited ECL quantum yields matching the efficiency of the best organic polymer based light-emitting devices.
Novel Algorithms Reveal Streptococcal Transcriptomes and Clues about Undefined Genes (2007)

Bacteria-host interactions are dynamic processes, and understanding transcriptional responses that directly or indirectly regulate the expression of genes involved in initial infection stages would illuminate the molecular events that result in host colonization. We used oligonucleotide microarrays to monitor (in vitro) differential gene expression in group A streptococci during pharyngeal cell adherence, the first overt infection stage. We present neighbor clustering, a new computational method for further analyzing bacterial microarray data that combines two informative characteristics of bacterial genes that share common function or regulation: (1) similar gene expression profiles (i.e., co-expression); and (2) physical proximity of genes on the chromosome. This method identifies statistically significant clusters of co-expressed gene neighbors that potentially share common function or regulation by coupling statistically analyzed gene expression profiles with the chromosomal position of genes. We applied this method to our own data and to those of others, and we show that it identified a greater number of differentially expressed genes, facilitating the reconstruction of more multimeric proteins and complete metabolic pathways than would have been possible without its application. We assessed the biological significance of two identified genes by assaying deletion mutants for adherence in vitro and show that neighbor clustering indeed provides biologically relevant data. Neighbor clustering provides a more comprehensive view of the molecular responses of streptococci during pharyngeal cell adherence.
Derived mammographic masking measures based on simulated lesions predict the risk of interval cancer after controlling for known risk factors: a case‐case analysis (2019)

We conclude that computer vision methods using model observers may improve quantifying the probability of breast cancer detection beyond using breast density alone.
Vulcanization of Carboxylic Rubbers (1963)

Abstract 1. A study of a series of substances contributing to structure formation was carried out. The most active of these materials were shown to be aluminum chloride, caustic soda, caustic potash, calcium oxide, magnesium oxide and calcium hydroxide. 2. It was shown that the quantity of chemical crosslinks in metal oxide vulcanizates of carboxylic rubbers was significantly less than in corresponding sulfur vulcanizates. 3. The number of crosslinks in the steric network of the vulcanizates depend on the form of the vulcanizing agent. Magnesium oxide gave the densest three dimensional structure. 4. It was shown that nonchemical intermolecular bonds play a significant role in the formation of structures of carboxylic rubbers. The assumption that these bonds could be of the hydrogen, van der Waals and coordination types was expressed.
Behandlung einer lebensbedrohlichen Digoxin-Intoxikation mit heterologen digoxinspezifischen Antikörperfragmenten (2008)

A 72-year-old woman was admitted to hospital four hours after taking, with suicidal intent, 20 mg digoxin (100 tablets Novodigal) and 50 mg nitrazepam (10 tablets Mogadan). No digoxin tablet residues were found on gastroscopic gastric lavage. A pacemaker was placed transvenously into the apex of the right ventricle. Multifocal ventricular premature systoles and recurrent ventricular fibrillation, which was difficult to terminate, alternating with extreme bradycardia quickly responded to the administration of heterologous digoxin-specific antibodies. Five hours after treatment had been started (total dose 800 mg antibody fragments) the patient again had a stable sinus rhythm of normal rate.
From Rough Consensus to Automated Reasoning (2015)

Unwritten languages today often have no official grammar, and are rather governed by "unspoken rules". Similarly, we argue that the young discipline of networking is still a practice that lacks a deep understanding of the rules that govern it. This situation results in a tremendous loss of time and efforts. First, since the rules are unspoken, they are not systematically reused. Second, since there is no grammar, it is impossible to assert if a sentence is correct. Comparing two networking approaches or solutions is sometimes a synonym of endless religious debates. Drawing the proper conclusion from this claim, we advocate that networking research should spend more efforts on better understanding its rules as a first step to automatically reuse them. To illustrate our claim, we focus in this paper on one specific networking problem, and show how different instances of this same problem were solved in parallel, resulting in different solutions, and no explicit knowledge reuse.
ChemInform Abstract: Controlling Macro‐ and Mesostructures with Hierarchical Porosity Through Combined Hard and Soft Templating (2013)

Abstract Review: tutorial review; 60 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Plant Cell Walls to Ethanol (2012)

Abstract Review: 194 refs.
Écoulements diphasiques aux petites échelles – Application au refroidissement d’une Pile à Combustible (PEMFC) (2010)

This study is devoted to boiling flows in mini-channels of small dimensions (hydraulic diameter between 0.727 mm and 1.45 mm). The objective was the enhancement of the thermal performance of PEM fuel cells. In our study, Forane 365 HX was selected to be used as the working fluid for the purpose of cooling. In comparison with single-phase flows, an important amount of energy can be extracted in forced boiling conditions while keeping a moderate wall temperature gradient. We especially studied the influence of the aspect ratio and hydraulic diameter We found that the heat flux necessary to the onset of nucleate boiling or the critical heat flux are dependent on the geometric dimensions of the mini-channel in our experiments. For the saturated boiling flow conditions, the pressure drop is also related to the channel cross-section area whereas the heat transfer coefficients seem to be nearly independent of the mini-channels.
m6A Methylation of Precursor-miR-320/RUNX2 Controls Osteogenic Potential of Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells (2019)

Methyltransferase-like 3 (METTL3) is the main enzyme for N<sup>6</sup>-methyladenosine (m<sup>6</sup>A)-based methylation of RNAs and it has been implicated in many biological and pathophysiological processes. In this study, we aimed to explore the potential involvement of METTL3 in osteoblast differentiation and decipher the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms. We demonstrated that METTL3 is downregulated in human osteoporosis and the ovariectomized (OVX) mouse model, as well as during the osteogenic differentiation. Silence of METTL3 by short interfering RNA (siRNA) decreased m<sup>6</sup>A methylation levels and inhibited osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) and reduced bone mass, and similar effects were observed in METTL3<sup>+/-</sup> knockout mice. In contrast, adenovirus-mediated overexpression of METTL3 produced the opposite effects. In addition, METTL3 enhanced, whereas METTL3 silence or knockout suppressed, the m<sup>6</sup>A methylations of runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2; a key transcription factor for osteoblast differentiation and bone formation) and precursor (pre-)miR-320. Moreover, downregulation of mature miR-320 rescued the decreased bone mass caused by METTL3 silence or METTL3<sup>+/-</sup> knockout. Therefore, METTL3-based m<sup>6</sup>A modification favors osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs through m<sup>6</sup>A-based direct and indirect regulation of RUNX2, and abnormal downregulation of METTL3 is likely one of the mechanisms underlying osteoporosis in patients and mice. Thus, METTL3 overexpression might be considered a new approach of replacement therapy for the treatment of human osteoporosis.
Physiological factors affecting O2 transport by hemoglobin in an in vitro capillary system (1987)

O2 transport was examined by measuring the fractional saturation of concentrated hemoglobin solutions flowing through an artificial capillary that was approximately 27 micron in diameter and embedded in a silicone rubber film approximately 170 micron thick. The effects of pH, hemoglobin concentration, O2 tension, temperature, and organic phosphate were measured and analyzed quantitatively by a rigorous mathematical model that included the geometry of the capillary in the silicone film, parabolic flow velocity distributions inside the lumen, and cooperative O2 binding by hemoglobin. The rates of both oxygenation and deoxygenation were limited by diffusion and governed by the magnitude of the O2 gradient between the intracapillary fluid phase and the external gas space. In uptake experiments, O2 flux is determined primarily by the external O2 tension (16-160 mmHg in our experiments) because the internal O2 pressure is kept small due to chemical combination with hemoglobin. In release experiments, the external O2 tension is maintained at zero, and the transport rate is determined by the intracapillary partial pressure of O2 that is proportional to the O2 half-saturation pressure of hemoglobin value of the hemoglobin sample. As a result, factors that change the affinity of hemoglobin for O2, such as pH, temperature, and organic phosphate concentration, influence strongly the rate of O2 release but have little effect on the rate of O2 uptake. These properties are physiologically advantageous, since a decrease in pH or an increase in temperature during exercise increases both the rate and extent of deoxygenation while not altering the kinetics of oxygenation.
Power-limiting phenomena in a magnetoelectric transducer for wireless power transfer (2020)

In this paper, we provide insights to distinguish between the impact of the piezoelectric and the magnetostrictive layers on the electromechanical behavior of a magnetoelectric transducer for wireless power transfer. We estimate the main parameters of interest for the nonlinear behavioral description. The variability of these parameters in the presence or absence of load and at several actuation voltages allows us to differentiate where the main power limitation phenomena take place. The theoretical developments are supported by experimental measurements.
THE SHORT-TERM IMPACT OF GOVERNMENT BUDGETS ON PRICES: EVIDENCE FROM MACROECONOMETRICS MODELS (2004)

This paper reviews the existing empirical evidence on the short term impact on prices of fiscal variables and assesses it against new results from harmonised simulations, conducted with six well established econometric models used by the ECB and five national central banks (NCBs) of the Eurosystem. The outcome is also compared with results from the European Commission and the OECD models. Overall, a broad consensus appears on the impact on prices of changes in individual government budget items in the euro area. In all cases, changes in government demand and in direct taxes paid by households have a limited impact on prices in the first year while, in contrast, changes in indirect taxes and employers? social security contributions have a relatively large impact. The second year results show that the effects on prices usually take some time to materialise fully; in particular, they often become large for the public consumption shock.
1200 V trench gate NPT-IGBT (IEGT) with excellent low on-state voltage (2002)

A new 1200 V-rating trench gate NPT-IGBT (nonpunchthough-insulated gate bipolar transistor) and NPT-IEGT (NPT-injection enhancement gate transistor) have been developed. Previous works have reported the IE (carrier injection enhancement) effect with regard to relatively high voltage devices (Kitagawa et al., 1993; Udrea and Amaratunga, 1995; Horz et al., 1995; Omura et al., 1997). In this paper, the IE-effect was employed in a 1200 V-rating trench gate NPT-IGBT for the first time. The IE-effect was adopted mainly by fabrication of some p-base regions not contacted to the emitter electrode. By numerical simulation, it is found that the IE-effect is effective in reducing on-state voltage for 1200 V-rating NPT-IGBT. On the basis of these investigations, a 150 A-rating IGBT chip was fabricated. The on-state voltage for this new device is as low as 1.8 V at 85 A/cm/sup 2/ without sacrificing its ruggedness to withstand destruction and its blocking voltage margin.
Visual Relationship Detection With A Deep Convolutional Relationship Network (2020)

Visual relationship is crucial to image understanding and can be applied to many tasks (e.g., image caption and visual question answering). Despite great progress on many vision tasks, relationship detection remains a challenging problem due to the complexity of modeling the widely spread and imbalanced distribution of {subject - predicate - object} triplets. In this paper, we propose a new framework to capture the relative positions and sizes of the subject and object in the feature map and add a new branch to filter out some object pairs that are unlikely to have relationships. In addition, an activation function is trained to increase the probability of some feature maps given an object pair. Experiments on two large datasets, the Visual Relationship Detection (VRD) and Visual Genome (VG) datasets, demonstrate the superiority of our new approach over state-of-the-art methods. Further, ablation study verifies the effectiveness of our techniques.
Correlative Fine Specificity of Several Thomsen-Friedenreich Disaccharide-Binding Proteins with an Effect on Tumor Cell Proliferation (2001)

Epithelial cancer cells show increased cell surface expression of mucin antigens with aberrant O-glycosylation, notably type I core (Galbeta1-3GalNAcalpha), termed Thomsen-Friedenreich disaccharide (TFD), a chemically well-defined carbohydrate antigen with a proven link to malignancy. Several TFD-binding proteins influence the proliferation of cells to which they bind. We studied the fine specificity of TFD-binding proteins and its relationship with epithelial tumor cell proliferation. Competitive binding assays against asialoglycophorin showed that Agaricus bisporus lectin (ABL) and human anti-TFD monoclonal antibody (mAb) TF1 were inhibited only by TFD and its alpha-derivatives. Peanut agglutinin (PNA), mAb TF2, and mAb TF5 were also inhibited by other carbohydrates such as lacto-N-biose (Galbeta1-3GlcNAc), lactose, and (Mealpha or beta) Gal, indicating lower recognition of the axial C-4 hydroxyl group position of GalNAc from TFD, and the major relevance of the terminal Gal on interaction of these three TFD-binding proteins. In the direct glycolipid-binding assay, ABL bound mostly to alpha-anomeric TFD-bearing glycolipids, whereas PNA interacted mainly with beta-linked TFD. Of the three anti-TFD mAbs analyzed, all bound N5b (terminal beta-TFD), but only TF2 interacted with N6 (terminal alpha-TFD). These findings indicate that TFD-binding proteins that stimulate the proliferation of epithelial tumor cell lines recognize mainly a terminal beta-Gal region of beta-linked TFD, whereas ABL, which inhibits the proliferation of these tumor cells, binds mainly to subterminal GalNAc of alpha-anomeric TFD.