gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Characterization and catalytic activity study of SBA-15-supported MoO 3 , MoS 2 , Ni or Co promoted MoS 2 and Co promoted WS 2 (2008)

Hydrodesulfurization (HDS) catalysts supported on SBA-15 (6 and 9 nm) were prepared by thermal decomposition of (alkyl)ammonium thiomolybdate and ammonium thiotungstate using Co(Ni) acetate or Co(Ni) thiocarbamate (cobalt dimethyldithiocarbamate and nickel diethyldithiocarbamate) as the promoter atom sources. Prior to the catalytic test, the activations of the catalysts were carried out either under H2/N2 gas flow at 773 K (ex-situ activation) or during the catalytic tests (in-situ activation). The nature of the thiosalt precursor, the impregnation method as well as the activation mode show a strong influence on the MoS2 morphology, which is of great importance for the HDS catalytic activity. Despite the high MoS2 stacking, the ex-situ activated catalysts derived from ammonium thiomolybdate (ATM) at high Mo-loading exhibit higher HDS activity compared to a commercial-Al2O3-supported HDS catalyst. One important result of the studies is that the MoS2 stacking is not a prerequisite for a good HDS performance and also not a sign for the deactivation or lower HDS activity. The presence of large amounts of coordinatively unsaturated sites (CUS) could be responsible for the high HDS activity. The experiments clearly show that the ex-situ activation is not beneficial for the preparation of HDS active phases when a carbon-containing Mo source like tetramethyl-ammonium thiomolybdate (TMATM) is employed. During the activation process MoS2 particles with an unfavorable morphology are generated and big needle-like aggregates and closed shell structures are seen in the HRTEM pictures. The in-situ activation is found to be beneficial for the preparation of NiMo/SBA-15 catalysts with high activity. For CoMo/SBA-15 catalysts, the in-situ activation also results in an enhanced synergetic effect of Co by using TMATM. In this case, the improved HDS performance could be associated with the positive carbon effect. In contrast, the nature of the thiosalt precursor and the activation mode have only a negligible influence on the catalytic selectivity. MoO3 supported on SBA-15 was prepared by impregnation of SBA-15 with ammonium heptamolybdate followed by calcination at 773 K for 3 h in air. Interestingly, the presence of the hexagonal MoO3 modification was unequivocally identified by evaluation of the EXAFS data. In addition, the catalytic behavior of the hex-MoO3/SBA-15 in the propene oxidation reaction was investigated in the temperature range from 293 K to 773 K. The stabilized hex-MoO3-SBA-15 is shown to be capable of directly oxidizing propene to acrylic acid without the addition of further metal atoms as promoters. Intriguingly, the stabilized structure of hexagonal MoO3 supported on SBA-15 possesses an open channel structure similar to that of the highly active Mo5O14 or MoVNbTe catalysts. Hence, structural complexity of molybdenum oxides is sufficient to improve functional molybdenum sites for the activation of oxygen and alkene followed by selective oxidation of the alkene.
Continuous roll-to-roll serpentine deposition for high throughput a-Si PV manufacturing (2002)

In order to improve further the economies of scale which are inherent in continuous roll-to-roll amorphous silicon alloy solar cell manufacturing processes, the authors have developed a concept for a serpentine web plasma CVD deposition process to maximize throughput while keeping the size of the deposition chambers small. When this technique is incorporated into a continuous roll-to-roll PV manufacturing process, it will maximize the throughput for a high volume production plant, reduce the machine cost, improve gas utilization, reduce power consumption, and improve the solar cell stability. To demonstrate the serpentine web deposition concept, the authors have constructed a single loop serpentine deposition chamber to deposit an a-Si for n-i-p structure solar cells. During the initial process of optimization, the authors have produced single-junction a-Si solar cells with an 8.6% efficiency, and triple-junction a-Si solar cells with a 9.5% initial efficiency, where the top cell intrinsic layer was deposited in the serpentine deposition chamber.
Aharonov-Bohm effect and broken valley degeneracy in graphene rings (2007)

We analyze theoretically the electronic properties of Aharonov-Bohm rings made of graphene. We show that the combined effect of the ring confinement and applied magnetic flux offers a controllable way to lift the orbital degeneracy originating from the two valleys, even in the absence of intervalley scattering. The phenomenon has observable consequences on the persistent current circulating around the closed graphene ring, as well as on the ring conductance. We explicitly confirm this prediction analytically for a circular ring with a smooth boundary modeled by a space-dependent mass term in the Dirac equation. This model describes rings with zero or weak intervalley scattering so that the valley isospin is a good quantum number. The tunable breaking of the valley degeneracy by the flux allows for the controlled manipulation of valley isospins. We compare our analytical model to another type of ring with strong intervalley scattering. For the latter case, we study a ring of hexagonal form with lattice-terminated zigzag edges numerically. We find for the hexagonal ring that the orbital degeneracy can still be controlled via the flux, similar to the ring with the mass confinement.
A Novel Joint-in-Via Flip-Chip Chip-Scale Package (2006)

It is believed that the slower-than-expected adoption of flip-chip (FC) packages is due to the lagging advancement in substrate designs and technologies with front-end processes. This lag has also resulted in the need for a costly redistribution layer (RDL), which fans out the die pads to meet the substrate design rule. This paper reviews the photographic metallization limitation of organic substrates and proposes an innovative joint-in-via architecture using existing substrate technologies to improve the pad pitch resolutions. The joint-in-via architecture consolidates the landing pads, the microvias, and the flip-chip joint into one common element, thereby saving valuable substrate real estate for high-density routing. It has been successfully conceptualized on a flex laminate at a pad pitch of 70 /spl mu/m and a receiving pad size of 50 /spl mu/m, potentially enabling the removal of the RDL layer for packaging. Robustness in flip-chip assembly is improved by the joint-in-via architecture as it prevents solder bridging and allows the use of existing packaging infrastructure. A new flip-chip chip-scale package (FC-CSP) has evolved with the implementation of the joint-in-via architecture. With material optimization, the FC-CSP passes standard reliability tests, further demonstrating the robustness of the joint-in-via technology.
Apolipoprotein E isotype-dependent modulation of microRNA-146a in plasma and brain (2016)

The Apolipoprotein E (ApoE) isotype ApoE4 is a prevalent genetic risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD) that can modulate systemic and central inflammation, independent of amyloid accumulation. Although disruption of innate immune toll receptor signaling is modulated by ApoE and observed in AD, ApoE isotype-specific effects remain poorly understood. Therefore, we examined the effect of the ApoE isotype on the brain levels of major regulators of TLR signaling including miR146a, a microRNA enriched in the brain. We used 6-month-old ApoE3 or ApoE4 targeted replacement mice with and without mutant familial AD transgenes. ApoE4 reduced the levels of miR146a compared with ApoE3, both in the brain (29%; P<0.0001) and in plasma (47%; P<0.05), which correlated with each other (r=0.74; P<0.05). The presence of 5xFAD transgenes increased brain miR146a in both ApoE3 (E3FAD) and ApoE4 (E4FAD) mice; however, miR146a levels in E4FAD mice remained lower than those in E3FAD mice (62%; P<0.05), despite increased amyloid and inflammation. Supporting these observations, ApoE4 brains showed increased expression of interleukin receptor-associated kinase-1 (160%; P<0.05) (normally downregulated by miR146) that correlated inversely with miR146a levels (r=0.637; P<0.0001). Reduced negative feedback of toll-like receptor signaling (by miRNA146a) can explain early-life hypersensitivity to innate immune stimuli (including Aβ) in ApoE4 carriers. Thus, ApoE4 causes early dysregulation of a central controller of the innate immune system both centrally and systemically. This defect persists with familial AD pathology and may be relevant to ApoE4 AD risk.
Recent Advances in Immunotherapy of Lung Cancer (2012)

Immunotherapy was long considered as an attractive modality in the treatment of lung cancer. However, clinical successes were hampered by the inability to achieve potent activation of the antitumor immune system and effectively overcome the immune suppressive environment associated with lung cancer. Recent advances in cancer immunotherapy demonstrate that these limitations can be surmounted. In this review, we discuss the recent advances in immunotherapy of lung cancer and their potential implication for management of this disease. (
Effects of oleic and ricinoleic acids on net jejunal water and electrolyte movement. Perfusion studies in man. (1974)

To examine the effects of oleic acid and ricinoleic acid on jejunal absorption, steady-state jejunal perfusions were performed in healthy volunteers. Taurocholate, used to solubilize the fatty acids, did not influence absorption. Both fatty acids (concentration, 10 mM) reversed electrolyte and water net movement; that is, they induced fluid secretion; this effect was rapidly reversible. Ricinoleic acid (the active principle of castor oil) was the more potent, producing fluid secretion when perfused at concentrations at which oleic acid was without effect. However, ricinoleic acid was absorbed more slowly than was oleic acid, and hence was associated with higher intraluminal concentrations. Addition of lecithin and monoolein did not diminish the secretory effect of ricinoleic acid; addition of a secretory bile acid (taurodeoxycholate) did not enhance the effect. The response of the jejunal mucosa to a known cathartic provides observations pertinent to the pathophysiology of steatorrheal diseases in man. Dietary fatty acid also has secretory properties with respect to the human intestine; bacterial hydration, to hydroxy fatty acids, is not required to induce fluid secretion.
Performance Portability in Accelerated Parallel Kernels (2013)

Heterogeneous architectures, by definition, include multiple processing components with very different microarchitectures and execution models. In particular, computing platforms from supercomputers to smartphones can now incorporate both CPU and GPU processors. Disparities between CPU and GPU processor architectures have naturally led to distinct programming models and development patterns for each component. Developers for a specific system decompose their application, assign different parts to different heterogeneous components, and express each part in its assigned component’s native model. But without additional effort, that application will not be suitable for another architecture with a different heterogeneous component balance. Developers addressing a variety of platforms must either write multiple implementations for every potential heterogeneous component or fall back to a “safe ” CPU implementation, incurring a high development cost or loss of system performance, respectively. The disadvantages of developing for heterogeneous systems are vastly reduced if one source code implementation can be mapped to either a CPU or GPU architecture with high performance. A convention has emerged from the OpenCL community defining how to write kernels for performance portability among different GPU architectures. This paper demonstrates that OpenCL programs written according to this convention contain enough abstract performance information to enable effective translations to CPU architectures as
Global navigation of Lithium in water bodies and emerging human health crisis (2023)

Abstract The production of lithium (Li) increased by 256% in recent years due to unprecedented demands from technological industries. Intensive harvesting poses serious impacts on the sustainability of Li production. Herein, we address the global Li cycle and predict the peak production to reach 740000 million tons in 2041. Global Li accumulation in water bodies is mapped, and the consequences on human health of a wide range (&lt;0.06–&gt;20 mg L −1 ) of Li concentrations in drinking water are explored. The implications to human health of Li exposure remains unresolved and needs further investigation. There are still no recommendations on safe limits of Li in drinking water for humankind. In conclusion, there is an emergency call to health governing bodies, environmental protection agencies and scientific communities for urgent efforts on sustainable production of Li and identify their thresholds levels in drinking water to minimize the emerging consequences of Li on humans.
Intron-mediated enhancement is not limited to introns (2018)

Abstract Certain introns strongly increase mRNA accumulation by a poorly understood mechanism known as Intron-Mediated Enhancement (IME). Introns that boost expression by IME have no effect when located upstream of or more than ~1 Kb downstream from the start of transcription. The sequence TTNGATYTG, which is over-represented in promoter-proximal introns in Arabidopsis thaliana , can convert a non-stimulating intron into one that strongly increases mRNA accumulation. We tested the ability of an intron containing this motif to stimulate expression from different locations and found that it had the same positional requirements as naturally occurring IME introns. The motif also stimulated gene expression from within the 5’-UTR and coding sequences of an intronless construct. Furthermore, the 5’-UTR of another gene increased expression when inserted into an otherwise non-stimulating intron in coding sequences. These results demonstrate that splicing is not required for intron-mediated enhancement, and suggest that other sequences downstream of the transcription start site in addition to introns may stimulate expression by a similar mechanism.
Adhesion-dependent cell cycle progression linked to the expression of cyclin D1, activation of cyclin E-cdk2, and phosphorylation of the retinoblastoma protein. (1996)

Growth factors and cell anchorage jointly regulate transit through G1 in almost all cell types, but the cell cycle basis for this combined requirement remains largely uncharacterized. We show here that cell adhesion and growth factors jointly regulate the cyclin D1- and E-dependent kinases. Adhesion to substratum regulates both the induction and translation of cyclin D1 mRNA. Nonadherent cells fail to phosphorylate the retinoblastoma protein (Rb), and enforced expression of cyclin D1 rescues Rb phosphorylation and entry into S phase when G1 cells are cultured in the absence of substratum. Nonadherent cells also fail to activate the cyclin E-associated kinase, and this effect can be linked to an increased association of the cdk inhibitors, p21 and p27. These data describe a striking convergence in the cell cycle controls used by the two major signal transduction systems responsible for normal and abnormal cell growth. Taken together with our previous studies showing adhesion-dependent expression of cyclin A, they also establish the cell cycle basis for explaining the combined requirement for growth factors and the extracellular matrix in transit through the Rb checkpoint, entry into S phase, and anchorage-dependent growth.
Measuring the Size of the Shadow Economy (1986)

Early issues of Economic Affairs contained an exchange of views on the size and development of the black economy, concentrating chiefly on the UK. Friedrich Schneider and Markus Hofreither, of the University of Linz, continue the debate with an examination of the methods used to analyse the underground or ‘shadow’ economy in many Western countries.
“Grown‐ups” with congenital heart disease (1996)

The careful transfer of patients with complex cardiac lesions from paediatric to adult services is vital
Enterprise context (2013)

We introduce the domain of enterprise context, as opposed to personal or execution context, and we present requirements for context-oriented programming technology arising out of this broader notion of context.
Contactless Angle Measurement By Cmos Magnetic Sensor With On Chip Read-out Circuit (2005)

We report the implementation of a two-dimensional magnetic vector probe with an industrial CMOS process. The device is intended to be used for miniaturized, contactless and therefore wear-free, angle measurements in automotive and industrial applications, in combination with a permanent magnet. The sensing element is a lateral magnetotransistor with suppressed-sidewall injection and four collectors. On the basis of extensive temperature measurements we integrated an interface circuit including temperature and offset compensation.
OBSTACLE DETECTION SYSTEM INVOLVING FUSION OF MULTIPLE SENSOR TECHNOLOGIES (2017)

Abstract. Obstacle detection is a fundamental task for Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) as a part of a Sense and Avoid system. In this study, we present a method of multi-sensor obstacle detection that demonstrated good results on different kind of obstacles. This method can be implemented on low-cost platforms involving a DSP or small FPGA. In this paper, we also present a study on the typical targets that can be tough to detect because of their characteristics of reflectivity, form factor, heterogeneity and show how data fusion can often overcome the limitations of each technology.
Placebo manipulations reduce hyperalgesia in neuropathic pain (2012)

Several studies have shown that placebo analgesia effects can be obtained in healthy volunteers, as well as patients suffering from acute postoperative pain and chronic pain conditions such as irritable bowel syndrome. However, it is unknown whether placebo analgesia effects can be elicited in chronic pain conditions with a known pathophysiology such as a nerve injury. Nineteen patients who had developed neuropathic pain after thoracotomy were exposed to a placebo manipulation in which they received either open or hidden administrations of lidocaine. Before the treatment, the patients rated their levels of spontaneous pain and expected pain and completed a questionnaire on their emotional feelings (Positive Affect Negative Affect Schedule) and went through quantitative sensory testing of evoked pain (brush and cold allodynia, heat pain tolerance, area of pinprick hyperalgesia, wind-up-like pain after pinprick stimulation). The placebo manipulation significantly reduced the area of pinprick hyperalgesia (P=.027), and this placebo effect was significantly related to low levels of negative affect (P=.008; R(2)=0.362) but not to positive affect or expected pain levels. No placebo effect was observed in relation to spontaneous pain or evoked pain, which is most likely due to low pain levels resulting in floor effects. This is the first study to demonstrate a placebo effect in neuropathic pain. The possible mechanisms underlying the placebo effects in hyperalgesia are discussed, and implications for treatment are outlined.
On the Dynamic Response of Electrostatic MEMS Switches (2008)

The undamped dynamic response of electrostatic MEMS switches that are driven by a step-function voltage is investigated. A systematic analysis using energy methods is presented. An analytic expression for switching time is derived and this expression may be used as a design rule for electrostatic switches. The analytic predictions are validated experimentally using test structures with parallel-plates actuators. It is shown that the analysis is also applicable for switches with more general geometry.
CARM-klystron amplifier for accelerator applications (2001)

We consider the possibility of a cyclotron-autoresonance-maser (CARM) klystron configuration for accelerator applications as an alternative to the gyroklystron amplifier. The potential advantages, compared to gyroklystrons, include: 1) comparable efficiencies at lower values of the electron beam pitch ratio α, which should improve the beam quality and make the device substantially more stable against the excitation of parasitic mode, 2) operation far from cutoff, which should reduce the fields at cavity walls, allowing higher power operation, and 3) operation at lower magnetic fields for the same cyclotron harmonic number. However, there are two significant issues associated with the design of efficient, high-power CARMs. First, because of the higher value of kZ, compared to gyroklystrons, CARMs are substantially more sensitive to parallel velocity spread (pitch-angle spread). Second, conventional cavities support a variety of near-cutoff modes, which can compete with the CARM interaction. Therefore, one must consider either Bragg resonators or quasioptical cavity configurations.
Revisiting adaptively sampled distance fields (2002)

Implicit surfaces are a powerful shape description for many applications in computer graphics. An implicit surface is defined by a function f:R/sup 3//spl rarr/R as the set of points satisfying f(p)=0. Implicit representation becomes more effective when f is a signed distance function, i.e., when |f| gives the distance to the closest point on the surface and f is negative inside the object and positive outside the object bounded by the surface. The distance function to an arbitrary surface does not have a simple analytic description, and we must resort to approximations. One simple solution is to use a volumetric representation, constructed by sampling f uniformly, but such models are very large and their resolution is limited by the sampling rate. Frisken et al. (2000) proposed adaptively sampled distance fields (ADFs) as a way to overcome these problems. The authors revisit the ADFs and make two contributions to the original framework. First, we analyse the ADF representation and discuss some possible improvements. Second, we show how to compute ADFs more efficiently.
Time-restricted feeding induces Lactobacillus- and Akkermansia-specific functional changes in the rat fecal microbiota (2021)

Diet is a key factor influencing gut microbiota (GM) composition and functions, which in turn affect host health. Among dietary regimens, time-restricted (TR) feeding has been associated to numerous health benefits. The impact of TR feeding on the GM composition has been mostly explored by means of metagenomic sequencing. To date, however, little is known about the modulation of GM functions by this dietary regimen. Here, we analyzed the effects of TR feeding on GM functions by evaluating protein expression changes in a rat model through a metaproteomic approach. We observed that TR feeding has a relevant impact on GM functions, specifically leading to an increased abundance of several enzymes involved in carbohydrate and protein metabolism and expressed by Lactobacillus spp. and Akkermansia muciniphila. Taken together, these results contribute to deepening our knowledge about the key relationship between diet, GM, and health.
Development of a prototype heat engine for energy conservation. Progress report, April-June 1979 (1979)

The goals of this program are to produce a 1 hp Nitinol heat engine, to obtain a set of performance measurements over a range of operating conditions, and to establish design relations between performance and hardware configurature, engine dimensions, and Nitinol characteristics. During the preceding three month period, the engine module (MOD) and hysteresis brake control system were fabricated and Nitinol element conditioning studies were continued. Nitinol wire required for the module and for the engine has not yet been delivered. Conditioning studies have progressed to the point where bounding limits for several variable parameters have been identified. Within these limits, Nitinol elements have been mechanically and thermodynamically cycled to approx. 10/sup 5/ cycles without failure.