gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Modification of (S)-N,N-Dimethyl-1-[(R)-1′,2-bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocenyl]ethylamine (BPPFA) as a Ligand for Asymmetric Hydrogenation of Olefins Catalyzed by a Chiral Rhodium(I) Complex (1980)

Abstract Asymmetric homogeneous hydrogenation of prochiral olefins catalyzed by chiral rhodium(I) complexes was carried out by using several ferrocenylphosphines as ligands which play a key role of the chiral recognition. Modifications of BPPFA were made in order to examine a steric effect of the given substutient at the asymmetric center on the efficiency of the chiral ligands, indicating the parent BPPFA to be superior to the others examined for the asymmetric hydrogenation of highly functionalized olefins.
The Economic Effects of Government Expenditures (1982)

This paper discusses conceptual problems of distinguishing "expenditure" policy from "tax" policy and "deficit" policy. The paper argues that each of these concepts is ill-defined and does not provide a useful basis for examining the government's underlying fiscal policies. The fundamentals of fiscal policy involve changes in marginal incentives, inframarginal intraand intergenerational redistribution, and direct government consumption.
Selective Targeting of Matrix Metalloproteinase Inhibition in Post-Infarction Myocardial Remodeling (2006)

Selective MMP inhibition favorably affected regional myocardial geometry and decreased left ventricular dilation post-myocardial infarction. This study suggests that a strategy of selective MMP inhibition of a limited array of MMPs may be an achievable goal in preventing pathologic left ventricular remodeling post-myocardial infarction.
Characterization of the Pattern of Inflammatory Cell Influx in Chicks Following the Intraperitoneal Administration of Live Salmonella enteritidis and Salmonella enteritidis-Immune Lymphokines (1995)

We characterized the inflammatory cell influx in day-old chicks induced by the i.p. administration of live Salmonella enteritidis (SE) and lymphokines from concanavalin A-stimulated SE-immune T lymphocytes (ILK). An i.p. injection of ILK along with 5 x 10(3) cfu SE increased the survival rate of chicks 48 h later from 70% (ILK-treated controls) compared with 25% (saline-treated). The injection of both the ILK and live SE (but not formalin-killed SE) resulted in an increased influx of inflammatory heterophils into the peritoneum that peaked at 4 h after the injections with no increase in peritoneal macrophages. The heterophil accumulation was not influenced by polymyxin B, but was sensitive to heat treatment (100 C for 1 h) of the ILK, suggesting that lipopolysaccharide (LPS) did not contribute to the induced accumulation of heterophils. Treatment of the chicks with nordihydroguaiaretic acid or indomethacin did not abrogate the induced heterophil accumulation, suggesting that arachidonic acid metabolites were not involved in the SE/ILK-induced accumulation of peritoneal heterophils. The results from the current studies indicate that 1) ILK-mediated resistance to SE-induced mortality is mediated by a rapid influx of inflammatory heterophils to the site of infection; 2) live SE, during invasion, are vital for the site-directed migration of the heterophils; and 3) the mechanisms of induced heterophil accumulation are unknown but involve neither LPS nor arachidonic acid metabolites.
Design guidelines of parallel concatenated convolutional codes (2002)

A parallel concatenated convolutional coding scheme consists of two simple constituent systematic convolutional encoders linked by an interleaver. The input bits to the first encoder are scrambled by the interleaver before entering the second encoder. The codeword of the parallel concatenated code consists of the input bits to the first encoder followed by the parity check bits of both encoders. In this paper, we characterize the separate contributions that the interleaver and constituent codes give to the overall performance of the concatenated code, and present a method to "optimally" design the constituent convolutional codes.
Toll-like Receptors and their Role in the Development of Autoimmune Diseases (2004)

Human Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are crucial for the recognition of invading pathogens and for the activation of both innate and adaptive immunity. Upon stimulation, TLRs recruit various protein kinases via several adaptor molecules, such as MyD88, leading to the activation of NFkB. The identification of TLR signaling pathways may unravel molecular mechanisms of self-tolerance and the means underlying the development of autoimmunity. The maturation of antigen-presenting cells (APCs), in response to signals received by the innate immune system, may lead to the breakdown of tolerance. This process is mainly activated by TLRs that have been triggered by self-antigens. Auto-reactive B cells are present in the lymphoid tissues of healthy individuals, but since they are subject to self-tolerance mechanisms, they remain silent. However, when tolerance to self-antigens fails, a complex of self-reactive antibodies against self- or cross-reactive DNA co-engages the antigen receptor and the TLRs, leading to a continuous activation of these auto-reactive B cells and the development of autoimmune diseases. The contribution of TLRs to the production of auto antibodies by such dual-engagement suggests that this signaling pathway may become a target for new therapeutic approaches in autoimmune diseases.
In Vivo Capture of Circulating Tumor Cells Based on Transfusion with a Vein Indwelling Needle (2015)

Detection of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) could be used as a "liquid biopsy" for tracking the spread of cancer. In vitro detection methods based on blood sampling and in vitro CTC capture often suffer from the small sampling volume and sampling error. Here, the in vivo capture of CTCs based on transfusion with a surface-modified vein indwelling needle is proposed. When the needle was applied to transfusion in the vein, the simultaneous capture of CTCs was performed. To investigate the actual capture efficiency of the in vivo capture method, labeled MCF-7 cells were directly injected into the veins of rabbits, wild type mice, and nude mice and could be successfully captured. Two of 5 MCF-7 cells injected into the veins of nude mice were successfully captured. To investigate the CTC capture of mouse tumor model and compare with the in vitro method, mice were subcutaneous inoculated with metastatic 4T1 cells. Seven and 21 days after inoculation, CTCs were captured for the first time using in vivo and in vitro methods, respectively. This predicted that the in vivo method could be more suitable for use of early diagnosis of cancer than the in vitro method. As CTC capture can be performed at the same time as transfusion and does not cause further bodily harm, it would be easily accepted by patients. This efficient, simple, and less damaging method involving the use of a vein indwelling needle could be popularized easily in the clinic.
Effect of patient thickness and scan duration on lesion detectability in PET oncology imaging (2005)

A dominant component of image quality for whole-body positron emission tomography (PET) imaging is attenuation, which is determined by patient thickness. This can be partially compensated for by adjusting scan duration. We evaluate the effect of changes in patient thickness and scan duration on lesion detection with model observers. We simulated 2D PET acquisitions of an anthropomorphic phantom with spherical target lesions. Three different anthropomorphic phantoms were used, with effective abdominal diameters of 20 cm, 27 cm, and 35 cm. The diameters of the lesions were varied from 1.0 to 3.0 cm, and the contrast ratios of the lesions were varied from 1.5 to 4.0. Noise-free scans were simulated with an analytical simulator. Poisson noise was added to simulate scan durations ranging from 1 to 10 minutes per bed position, using noise equivalent count rates previously measured using a modified NEMA NU2 countrate phantom. The average detectability of each target lesion under each condition was calculated using a non-prewhitening matched filter from 25 noisy realizations for each combination of parameters. Our results demonstrate the variation of the minimum scan duration required to detect a target of a given size and contrast ratio, for any fixed threshold of detectability. For image quality to remain constant for patients with larger cross-sectional areas, acquisition times should be increased accordingly, although in some cases this may not be possible due to practical constraints.
A 10MHz 80μW 67 ppm/°C CMOS reference clock oscillator with a temperature compensated feedback loop in 0.18μm CMOS (2009)

A 10MHz, 80μW CMOS reference clock oscillator is presented in 0.18μm CMOS. The proposed oscillator employs a supply-regulated ring-oscillator in a temperature compensated feedback loop, which minimizes the frequency sensitivity to supply and temperature variations. The clock oscillator achieves frequency variation of less than ±0.05% against supply variation of 1.2V ~ 3V and ±0.4% against temperature variation of −20°C ~ 120°C. In addition, low power consumption is achieved by using sub-threshold bias circuits.
Interactions at a Reprographics Store (2011)

Around the turn of the century, the Knowledge Interaction and Practice Area was a newly formed group of social scientists at PARC with a background in conversation analysis and ethnomethodology aiming to conduct workplace studies for Xerox (see Sharrock and Button, this volume for an overview of the theoretical underpinnings of this approach to studying work). We were keen to pursue a team project so that we could create synergies among our different backgrounds and research interests. Our goal was to secure a business fieldsite for a long-term research project that provided opportunities for interesting research and value to our parent company.
A generic strategy for pharmacological caging of growth factors for tissue engineering (2013)

The caging of small molecules has revolutionized biological research by providing a means to regulate a wide range of processes. Here we report on a generic pharmacological method to cage proteins in a similar fashion. The present approach is of value in both fundamental and applied research, e.g. in tissue engineering.
TCR mimic compounds for pHLA targeting with high potency modalities in oncology (2022)

pHLA complexes represent the largest class of cell surface markers on cancer cells, making them attractive for targeted cancer therapies. Adoptive cell therapies expressing TCRs that recognize tumor specific pHLAs take advantage of the unique selectivity and avidity of TCR: pHLA interactions. More recently, additional protein binding domains binding to pHLAs, known as TCR mimics (TCRm), were developed for tumor targeting of high potency therapeutic modalities, including bispecifics, ADCs, CAR T and -NK cells. TCRm compounds take advantage of the exquisite tumor specificity of certain pHLA targets, including cell lineage commitment markers and cancer testis antigens (CTAs). To achieve meaningful anti-tumor responses, it is critical that TCRm compounds integrate both, high target binding affinities and a high degree of target specificity. In this review, we describe the most advanced approaches to achieve both criteria, including affinity- and specificity engineering of TCRs, antibodies and alternative protein scaffolds. We also discuss the status of current TCRm based therapeutics developed in the clinic, key challenges, and emerging trends to improve treatment options for cancer patients treated with TCRm based therapeutics in Oncology.
Synthetic studies with carbonates. Part 10. Reactions of ethylene carbonate with some active methylene compounds catalysed by quaternary ammonium or alkali metal halides (1977)

The reaction of ethylene carbonate (1) with pentane-2,4-dione (2) was carried out in the presence of a series of halides as catalysts. As examples, the reaction catalysed by sodium iodide gave 4-oxopentyl acetate (3), and that catalysed by tetraethylammonium chloride gave 2-methyl-2-(2-oxopropyl)-1.3-dioxolan (4), as the predominant product in high yield. Reactions with 1,3-diphenylpropane-1,3-dione (11) in place of (2) showed the same trend. However, reactions with 2-alkyl-1,3-diphenylprop-ane-1,3-diones, (20) and (25), gave no oxoalkyl esters corresponding to (3), but other types of product [(21), (22), and (26)]. In reactions with 3,3-dibenzylpentane-2,4-dione (30), which has no proton dissociable under the conditions used, were obtained 3-benzyl-4-phenylbutan-2-one (31), 2-(2-acetoxyethoxy)-3-benzyl-4-phenylbut-2-ene (32), and 2-hydroxy-ethyl acetate (33). Reaction mechanisms are discussed.Moreover, ethyl acetoacetate (34) anddiethyl malonate (35) gave lactone derivatives, (37) and (39), respectively, but diethyl 2-acetamidomalonate (36) gave ethyl 2-acetamidobutyrate (40), in reactions with (1). Furthermore, the reactions of (1) with the diones (2) and (11) in the presence of 1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane (DABCO) gave the corresponding ethylene acetals (4) and (16), respectively.
Visual location system based on Bumblebee2 (2011)

In order to satisfy the robot assisted surgery requirment to automatic identify the object in high precision. Regard the ellipse and the circle as a template. The ellipse and the circle are all contained the black block and the white block interactively. The corners in the image are detected by the Shi and Tomasi' algorithm. After the image enhanced for improving the contrast of the image, using the symmetric properties of the black block and white block in the templates, the corners in the templates are found. Then the corners in the ellipse and in the circle will be extracted. At last using verctor vertical relationship, the target corners in the ellipse will be found. That is, the template will be detected. Finally, the experiments show that positioning error of the corner are less than one pixel, which satisfy the requirement of the surgery.
Design of a planar periodic lossy magnetic surface to improve active array patterns with enhanced isolation (2018)

This study proposes the design of the periodic lossy magnetic (PLM) surface with a low profile for enhanced array characteristics. The proposed PLM surface consists of multiple rectangular grooves with equal spacing, and the grooves are filled with lossy magnetic materials to increase the surface impedance between array elements to mitigate the mutual coupling. To verify its feasibility, the authors fabricate a two‐element circularly‐polarised patch antenna array with the PLM surface inserted into the ground plane and measure antenna characteristics in a fully anechoic chamber. The results demonstrate that the PLM surface is capable of reducing the mutual coupling so that the active array patterns can be improved with higher front‐to‐back ratios and lower active reflection coefficients for large steering angles.
ASSOCIATION OF INTERSTITIAL PNEUMONIA AND DIMINISHED IN VITRO LYMPHOCYTE BLASTOGENESIS IN HUMAN MARROW GRAFT RECIPIENTS (1979)

The lymphocyte responses of 51 human marrow graft recipients were tested in vitro 18 to 45 days after marrow grafting by stimulation with lymphocytes from unrelated individuals or phytohemagglutinin (PHA). Fourteen of the 51 patients subsequently developed interstitial pneumonia (IP). The relative responses of the lymphocytes of patients who developed IP were significantly lower than those of individuals not developing IP (P less than 0.01 for allogeneic cells, P = 0.02 for PHA). These nonspecific in vitro tests of cell-mediated immunity are of value in identifying patients at risk of developing IP.
Study on ultra low loop copper wire bonding process using 0.8mils Cu wire for low profile package applications (2015)

In recent years, as IC packaging development has moved towards higher power, smaller size, thinner dimensions, denser circuits and higher reliability, wire bonding is still the most commonly used bonding interconnection technique in first level microelectronic packages [1]. Gold wire is usually used for bonding to connect the chip and lead frame/substrate metallization because of its easy handling and strong bond with the bond pad metal. However, recently copper wire emerged as an alternative to gold wire due to mainly huge merit in cost saving, higher electrical and thermal conductivities than gold wire, which will contribute to higher signal speed, less heat generation and better heat dissipation[2]. Copper wire has been used in low pin count ICs, high pin count products and stacked die. In high I/O applications, copper wire with smaller diameter is required and wire sweep performance is critical as even small wire sweep may cause wire short. Wire short can be prevented with having low loop height specification for the high I/O application and to achieve thinner and smaller packaging. In this paper, heat-affected zone (HAZ) for three types of Cu wire material of 0.8mils wire diameter were studied to achieve the ultra-low loop height range of 75.0μm. The ultra-low loop wire bonding process optimization for three different Cu wires and bond quality were assessed. The advantages and disadvantages of individual 0.8mils Cu wire types were discussed by comparing the wire pull measurements for three types of 0.8mils Cu wire. The surface of silicon chip after bonding was checked to confirm whether peeling or crack on bond pad surface occurred after the wire pull test for each wire types using high power optical microscope.
Figure S3 from Immunogenomic Landscape of Neuroendocrine Prostate Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Suppl Figure 3. Identification of gene modules associated with NEPC T-cell immune classes.&lt;/p&gt;
Methods for Assessing the Maintained and Initial Detection Performance of Occupancy Sensors (1994)

(1994). Methods for Assessing the Maintained and Initial Detection Performance of Occupancy Sensors. Journal of the Illuminating Engineering Society: Vol. 23, No. 2, pp. 108-115.
Differing Anti-Proteinuric Action of Candesartan and Losartan in Chronic Renal Disease (2003)

It has becoming clear that angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) show varying levels of angiotensin II type 1 (AT1) receptor blocking activity. Although the duration of activity and the efficacy on blood pressure of ARB are reported to vary, depending on the agents used, it has not been examined whether the effects on proteinuria and urinary nitrite/nitrate (NOx) excretion differ in hypertensive patients with chronic renal disease. In the present study, patients with hypertension (> 140 and/or 90 mmHg) and chronic renal disease (proteinuria > 0.5g/day; serum creatinine < 265 micromol/l or creatinine clearance > 30 ml/min/1.72 m2) were randomly assigned to perindopril- (n = 15), trandolapril- (n = 15), candesartan- (n = 17), and losartan-treated groups (n = 15), and were followed up for 96 weeks. All agents decreased blood pressure to the same level, and none of them had any effect on creatinine clearance. Candesartan, perindopril, and trandolapril reduced proteinuria markedly (from 3.0 +/- 0.6 to 1.8 +/- 0.5 g/day, 2.7 +/- 0.5 to 1.6 +/- 0.4 g/day, and 2.7 +/- 0.5 to 1.7 +/- 0.4 g/day, respectively) at 12 weeks, and the beneficial effect persisted throughout the study. The effect of losartan, however, diminished over the study period. Whereas perindopril, trandolapril, and candesartan markedly increased urinary NOx excretion (from 257 +/- 23 to 1,011 +/- 150 micromol/day, 265 +/- 70 to 986 +/- 130 micromol/day, and 260 +/- 62 to 967 +/- 67 micromol/day at 12 weeks, respectively), a relatively blunted increase was observed with losartan (from 309 +/- 42 to 596 +/- 64 micromol/day). In conclusion, renal action of ARB varies, with relatively less proteinuria-sparing, as well as NOx-enhancing, effects observed with candesartan showing the greatest reduction of proteinuria and greatest enhancement of NOx. Furthermore, renal nitric oxide may contribute to the renal protective action of these agents when administered to patients with chronic renal disease.
Crystallization and preliminary X-ray diffraction data ofMycobacterium tuberculosisFbpC1 (Rv3803c) (2003)

The heterotrimeric antigen 85 complex (Ag85) is a major component of the cell wall of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and consists of three abundantly secreted proteins (FbpA, FbpB and FbpC2). These play key roles in the pathogenesis of tuberculosis and in maintaining cell-wall integrity. A homologue of the Ag85 subunits ( approximately 40% identity) was recently annotated in the M. tuberculosis genome as FbpC1. Unlike the Ag85-complex components, FbpC1 lacks mycolyltransferase activity and its function remains to be established. In order to aid functional characterization, FbpC1 has been crystallized. At room temperature, tetragonal crystals of FbpC1 were obtained belonging to space group P4(1)2(1)2 (unit-cell parameters a = b = 109.9, c = 61.8 A), yet when frozen the crystals underwent a phase transition to orthorhombic symmetry, space group P2(1)2(1)2(1) (a = 59.9, b = 108.9, c = 109.9 A). Diffraction data complete to 1.7 A resolution were recorded at 100 K at the synchrotron.
Conjugation Approaches for Construction of Aptamer-Modified Nanoparticles for Application in Imaging (2013)

The development of imaging probes based on advances in nanotechnology aims to substantially improve specificity and sensitivity of diagnostic imaging through non-invasive and quantitative detection of specific biomolecules in living subjects. A promising class of molecular imaging probes consists of nanoparticles (NPs) functionalized with a certain targeting agent. Such targeting agents can, for instance, be selected to recognize disease-related biomarkers located on the cell surface. Among the possible agents that direct the NPs to the target site, aptamers, being single-stranded DNA or RNA molecules that can be designed to bind preselected targets such as proteins and peptides with high affinity and specificity, play an increasingly important role. Indeed, aptamers selected against proteins or whole cells have been conjugated to a variety of nanomaterials (NMs) such as Au NPs, quantum dots (QD), and superparamagnetic iron oxide NPs (SPIONs). These probes have successfully been used for cell imaging, both in vitro and in vivo, by optical imaging, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), computed tomography (CT), and positron-emission tomography (PET). This review presents an overview of the commonly used techniques involved in conjugating aptamer to NPs and their application as probes in cellular or in vivo imaging.
Predominance of Chlamydia trachomatis Serovars Associated with Urogenital Infections in Females in New Delhi, India (2003)

Screening for Chlamydia trachomatis was done for 280 endocervical swab samples by PCR specific for endogenous plasmid. Age dependency was seen in symptomatic patients, with a high chlamydial prevalence rate (28%) found in younger women. Genotyping by restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of omp1 PCR-positive samples showed serovars D, E, and F to be the most prevalent.