gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An adjustable fetal weight standard (1995)

The monitoring of fetal weight is an important aspect of antenatal care. To construct an individually adjustable standard, we developed a model to link the predicted birth weight to a fetal weight curve which outlines how this weight is to be reached in an uncomplicated pregnancy. A formula was derived which describes the median fetal weight at each gestation as a proportion of the optimal term weight, and also defines the 90th and 10th centile curves as normal limits. We analyzed a birth weight database of 38,114 singleton, routine ultrasound-dated pregnancies resulting in term deliveries. By stepwise multiple regression analysis, we derived coefficients for the factors that act as variables on term birth weight in our population. Apart from gestational age and sex, the maternal height, weight at first visit, ethnic group, parity and smoking all have significant and independent effects on birth weight. The variation due to ethnic group appears to be physiological in this population. Smoking is associated with a reduction in birth weight, which is independent of maternal physique and related to the number of cigarettes per day as reported at the first visit. We have developed a software program which calculates, on the basis of pregnancy variables entered at the first visit, an adjusted normal range for fetal size. This can be printed out as a chart and used for antenatal surveillance of growth.
Structural Studies of Novel Polydiyne Materials (1987)

The structure analyses of two special types of diacetylene "monomers," diyne dimers and polydiyne macromonomers, are reviewed and preliminary results on the conversion and chromic behavior of one specific system, poly(1,8-nonadiyne) (P18N) are presented. Structure analyses of these materials before and after solid state polymerization allows a qualitative understanding of the diacetylene polymerization. Crosspolymerized P18N has been shown to display solvatochromic and thermochromic behavior, even though this material is insoluble and infusible. Examination of initial optical spectroscopic data of the chromic behavior as a function of conversion, as well as consideration of the chromic behavior of conventional diacetylenes, leads to a possible explanation of the chromic behavior of crosspolymerized P18N.
Improved Training Method for Rapid Rehabilitation of Amputees (2015)

The U.S. military is providing state-of-the-art prosthetic devices to warfighters with amputations so that they may more easily adapt to the different surfaces and environments they are face in the free-living environment. In addition to walking and changing direction, amputee patients must be able to manage uneven terrain, crowded environments, stairs, ramps, and hills. The largest problem for a person with lower extremity amputation is falls. Even with the newer technologies, falls and injuries due to falling are still an issue. Falling history and decreased balance confidence are associated with reduced mobility capability and social activity.
High quality surface passivation and heterojunction fabrication by VHF-PECVD deposition of amorphous silicon on crystalline Si: theory and experiments (2008)

PV-LAB
Proceedings of the 1976 Heat Transfer and Fluid Mechanics Institute. Conference held in Davis, California, June 21--23, 1976 (1976)

Thirty-six papers and lectures are presented on fundamental research in heat transfer and fluid flow. A separate abstract was prepared for 13 of the papers. Two of the papers were previously processed for the data base and may be located under CONF-760621 in the Report Number Index. (HDR)
Broadband discrimination studies. Final technical report 1 June 1973--30 September 1977 (1978)

The broadband recording capabilities of the Seismographic Station of the University of California have been expanded to three stations, Berkeley (BKS), Jamestown (JAS), and Whiskeytown Dam (WDC). These stations provide ground motion data at two gain levels in the spectral range of 10 Hz to 100 sec. A library of broadband data is accumulating which is very useful in a wide variety of investigations. A body-wave surface wave discriminant at regional distances separates nuclear explosions from natural earthquakes, explosion collapses, and explosion aftershocks down to magnitude 3.5 in the western United States. The reason why this discriminant works is still not completely understood.
Autoignition of Isooctane beyond RON and MON Conditions (2018)

&lt;div class="section abstract"&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;The present study experimentally examines the low-temperature autoignition area of isooctane within the in-cylinder pressure-in-cylinder temperature map.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Experiments were run with the help of a Cooperative Fuel Research (CFR) engine. The boundaries of this engine were extended so that experiments could be performed outside the domain delimited by research octane number (RON) and motor octane number (MON) traces. Since homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) combustion is governed by kinetics, the rotation speed for all the experiments was set at 600 rpm to allow time for low-temperature heat release (LTHR). All the other parameters (intake pressure, intake temperature, compression ratio, and equivalence ratio) were scanned, such as the occurrence of isooctane combustion.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;The principal results showed that LTHR for isooctane occurs effortlessly under high intake pressure (1.3 bar) and low intake temperature (25 °C). Increasing the intake temperature leads to the loss of the LTHR and therefore to a smaller domain on the pressure-temperature trace. In such a case, the LTHR domain is restricted from 20 to 50 bar in pressure and from 600 to 850 K in temperature. By slightly decreasing the intake pressure, the LTHR domain remains unchanged, but the LTHR tends to disappear, and finally, at 1.0 bar, the LTHR domain ceases to exist. When the equivalence ratio is moved from 0.3 to 0.4, the LTHR domain is delimited in the same range of pressure and temperature, but the start of combustion occurs slightly earlier for the same pressure-temperature trace. Similar conclusions were drawn regarding the variation of both intake pressure and temperature, except that few LTHR points were observed under 1.0 bar intake.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Malawi - Sovereign debt management, cash management, and domestic market development (2000)

This case study provides policy makers and officials with a tool to assist them improve their understanding of the issues involved in sovereign debt and cash management and domestic debt market development. The case study format permits a focus on practical issues in a real- life context. Studying the situation of other countries may cast light on issues relevant to policy makers and officials in their own countries. The case study covers debt management, cash management and developing the domestic debt market in order to allow policy makers and officials to better understand the inter-relationships between these areas and the need for coordination of the Government's activity. Due to the short maturities issued by Malawi, a situation common to many countries in the region, the discussion of debt market development is more accurately termed money market development.
<title>Radar waveform requirements for reliable detection of an aircraft-launched missile</title> (1996)

When tracking a manned aircraft with a phase array radar, detecting a missile launch (i.e., a target split) is particularly important because the missile can have a very small radar cross section (RCS) and drop below the horizon of the radar shortly after launch. Reliable detection of the launch is made difficult because the RCS of the missile is very small compared to that of the manned aircraft and the radar typically revisits a manned aircraft every few seconds. Furthermore, any measurements of the aircraft and missile taken shortly after the launch will be merged until the two targets are resolved in range, frequency, or space. In this paper, detection of the launched missile is addressed through the detection of the presence of target multiplicity with the in-phase and quadrature monopulse measurements. The probability of detecting the launch using monopulse processing will be studied with regard to the tracking signal-to-noise ratio and the number of pulses n the radar waveform.
Molecular Design of Superabsorbent Polymers for Organic Solvents by Crosslinked Lipophilic Polyelectrolytes (2008)

Abstract Molecular design of lipophilic polyelectrolyte gels as superabsorbent polymers that exhibit a high degree of swelling in less‐polar and nonpolar organic solvents is demonstrated. A small amount of tetraalkylammonium tetraphenylborate with long alkyl chains as a lipopholic ion pair is incorporated into crosslinked polyacrylates with variable alkyl chain lengths to provide novel lipophilic polyelectrolyte gels. Their swelling degree becomes more than 100 times as much as their dried weights in various organic solvents. The high effectiveness of the swellable solvents shifts to the polar ones by decreasing the length of the alkyl chain. Swelling or collapsing of the lipophilic polyelectrolyte gels originates from both incompatibility of the polymer chains in the media and dissociation of ionic groups. Thus, a unique superabsorbency is observed when the polymer chains have good compatibility with the solvents and the solvents have relatively high polarities enough to dissociate the ionic groups. By varying the polarity of the neutral monomer in these polyelectrolyte gels, the design of gels that can absorb solvents of nearly any polarity is demonstrated.
Tissue distribution of a dynorphin-processing endopeptidase (1993)

A number of peptide hormones and neurotransmitters require post-translational processing at monobasic cleavage sites. An enzymatic activity capable of processing prodynorphin at a monobasic processing site has been previously reported in rat brain and bovine pituitary. This dynorphin (Dyn)-converting enzyme (DCE) activity is capable of converting Dyn-B-29 (leumorphin) to Dyn-B-13 (rimorphin). The tissue distribution of the DCE activity in the adult rat shows that the activity is present at high levels in the brain, ileum, neurointermediate pituitary, and adrenal. Lower levels of activity are found in the anterior pituitary, liver, heart, ovary, kidney, lung, and serum. In the rat pituitary, the anterior lobe has 10-fold lower specific activity than the neurointermediate lobe. The protease inhibitor profile shows that the activity in various tissues is considerably inhibited by the thiol protease inhibitor p-chloromercuriphenyl sulfonic acid (PCMPS), suggesting that the Dyn-converting activity is due to a putative thiol protease. The Dyn-converting activity in the rat ileum and brain was subjected to ion exchange chromatography on diethylaminoethyl-cellulose; the majority of activity eluted around 0.3 M NaCl, as did bovine pituitary DCE. This chromatography behavior, peptide inhibitor profile, and pH optima are consistent with those of the previously reported enzyme activity from bovine pituitary and pituitary-derived cell lines. In the bovine brain, the distribution of activity generally matches that of Dyn-B-13. In the bovine adrenal medulla, the activity is localized to secretory vesicles that also contain carboxypeptidase-E activity, an enzyme thought to be involved with peptide processing. Taken together, the tissue distribution and enzyme properties support the possibility that the DCE is involved in the maturation of Dyn as well as many peptide hormones and neuropeptides.
Anti-Lacerative Windshields-An Overview (1984)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Libbey-Owens-Ford has been involved in the study and production of safer windshields for several years. These developments have continued to be provided to the industry. Work on anti-lacerative windshields was begun in the late'60's and early'70's. Over the ensuing years, various windshield configurations were evaluated. A number of polymeric materials were studied to determine if their combination with safer windshields would result in improved anti-lacerative properties. This paper provides an overview of the studies that have been conducted.&lt;/div&gt;
Correction: The CARD9 Polymorphisms rs4077515, rs10870077 and rs10781499 Are Uncoupled from Susceptibility to and Severity of Pulmonary Tuberculosis (2016)

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0163662.].
Absence of Nonshivering Thermogenesis in Anesthetized Adult Humans (1993)

The authors concluded that nonshivering thermogenesis is not an important thermoregulatory response in adults anesthetized with isoflurane. Afterdrop and delayed core temperature recovery during rewarming reflect the large heat storage capacity of peripheral tissues.
Italian Diaspora (2016)

From 1876, when the first data on emigration became available, up to the 1970s, when the cycle was virtually closed, 26 million Italians emigrated abroad. These figures make Italy by far the greatest European exporter of labor. The first great exodus took place between the 1880s and World War I, whe
EXTRACTION OF SOLUBLE PHOSPHORUS FROM SWINE WASTEWATER (2003)

Manure phosphorus (P) in excess of the assimilative capacity of land available on farms is an environmentalconcern often associated with confined livestock production. A wastewater treatment process was developed for removal ofphosphorus from livestock wastewater. It includes nitrification of wastewater to remove ammonia and carbonate buffers, andincreasing the pH of the nitrified wastewater by adding an alkaline earth metal-containing compound to precipitatephosphorus. Since ammonia nitrogen has been mostly converted to nitrate, increased pH does not result in significant gaseousnitrogen loss. The amount of phosphorus removed, and consequently the N:P ratio of the effluent, can be adjusted in thisprocess to match specific crop needs or remediate sprayfields. In addition to the phosphorus removal aspect, the high pH usedin the process destroys pathogens in liquid swine manure. The final product is calcium phosphate, which has the potentialto be reused as fertilizer or processed to produce phosphate concentrates.
Transfer Learning with Ensembles of Deep Neural Networks for Skin Cancer Classification in Imbalanced Data Sets. (2021)

Several machine learning techniques for accurate detection of skin cancer from medical images have been reported. Many of these techniques are based on pre-trained convolutional neural networks (CNNs), which enable training the models based on limited amounts of training data. However, the classification accuracy of these models still tends to be severely limited by the scarcity of representative images from malignant tumours. We propose a novel ensemble-based CNN architecture where multiple CNN models, some of which are pre-trained and some are trained only on the data at hand, along with auxiliary data in the form of metadata associated with the input images, are combined using a meta-learner. The proposed approach improves the model's ability to handle limited and imbalanced data. We demonstrate the benefits of the proposed technique using a dataset with 33126 dermoscopic images from 2056 patients. We evaluate the performance of the proposed technique in terms of the F1-measure, area under the ROC curve (AUC-ROC), and area under the PR-curve (AUC-PR), and compare it with that of seven different benchmark methods, including two recent CNN-based techniques. The proposed technique compares favourably in terms of all the evaluation metrics.
Exacerbation of Mild Hypoxia on Acute Radiation Syndrome and Subsequent Mortality (2017)

Mild hypoxia induced by 20% hemorrhage results in increases in few cytokine concentrations and sclerostin levels in blood, but shows no changes in bone formation, bone marrow cellularity, and gastrointestinal (GI) integrity and no systemic bacterial infection as well as no subsequent mortality. On the other hand, severe hypoxia induced by 40% hemorrhage causes significant increases in most cytokine concentrations, GI injury, lung injury, systemic bacterial infection, cellular ATP reduction and subsequent mortality. The severe hypoxia drastically damages GI and lung morphology, elevates cytokine concentrations in blood and increases inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression in cells that is mediated by transcription factors NF-κB/NF-IL6, subsequently producing free radicals that disrupt mitochondria. ATP depletion, p53 phosphorylation, and caspase-3 activation are found, suggesting cell apoptosis. As a result, mortality occurs. However, when mild hypoxia follows ionizing radiation, the mild hypoxia significantly enhances radiation-induced mortality and acute radiation syndrome, including injury of bone marrow, GI, kidney, and lung. The synergism also occurs at the molecular level, resulting in alteration of microRNAs, amplification of iNOS expression, cytokine increases, sepsis, and ATP depletion. This is the first demonstration of synergistic effects between mild hypoxia and ionizing radiation.
Multi-Pixel Frequency Domain Photon Migration Imaging of a Fluorescent Contrast Agent (1998)

An RF phase sensitive camera is used to acquire frequency domain photon migration images of the fluorescent contrast agent indocyanine green (ICG) in diseased canine mammary tissue both in vivo and ex vivo. Using this system, images of 100 MHz modulation amplitude and phase are obtained for 128×128 pixels.
Fluid-bed microencapsulation of ascorbic acid (1998)

Ascorbic acid has been fluidized and microencapsulated with three different hydrophobic coating materials by the top-spray method. The experiments were conducted with polymethacrylate coating material formulated as a water dispersion, and ethyl-cellulose and waxy coating material both formulated as organic solutions. Characteristics of the fluidized bed procedure in conical geometry have been determined by estimation of two parameters: bed porosity and total pressure drop. A satisfactory agreement between experimental and calculated values has been reached. The following properties of the microencapsulated ascorbic acid have been determined: core content, bulk and tapped density, crystal size distribution prior and after microencapsulation, surface morphology and release profile. The comparison and evaluation of different hydrophobic coating materials have been performed on the basis of these findings.
Absolute peripheral monocyte count at diagnosis predicts central nervous system relapse in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (2014)

Recently, elevated peripheral blood monocyte counts at diagnosis have been shown to be an independent marker associated with poor prognosis in patients with both non-Hodgkin and Hodgkin lymphoma. In this study, we retrospectively analyzed the data from a total of 550 patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma and evaluated the relationship between central nervous system relapse and absolute monocyte counts at diagnosis. Twenty-six patients developed central nervous system relapse. The central nervous system relapse-free survival rate was significantly lower in patients with the absolute monocyte counts ≥ 0.51 × 10(9)/L (87.8% versus 96.4%; P<0.001). This association was independently significant after adjusting for other significant factors, including systemic relapse as a time-dependent covariate by multivariate analysis (hazard ratio 2.46; 95% confidence intervals 1.05-5.75; P=0.039). These results suggest that the absolute monocyte count at diagnosis is an independent significant risk factor for central nervous system relapse in patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma.
Fabrication of Organic Spin-on-Glass Microring Resonator with a Narrow Gap between a Microring Resonator and a Waveguide Using Nanoimprint Lithography (2010)

A microring resonator with a narrow gap between a waveguide and a microring resonator has been fabricated by using nanoimprint lithography. An organic spin-on-glass has been used as the material for the microring resonator. The outer diameter of the microring resonator is 20 µm and the coupling gap between the straight waveguide and the microring resonator is 40 nm. The filtering characteristics of the microring resonator have been evaluated using a metal halide lamp. The free spectral range is 3.9 nm and the Q -factor is 310. The structure of the microring resonator with a narrow gap can be used as a fundamental component of optical devices.
Rotamer strain as a determinant of protein structural specificity (1999)

We present direct evidence for a change in protein structural specificity due to hydrophobic core packing. High resolution structural analysis of a designed core variant of ubiquitin reveals that the protein is in slow exchange between two conformations. Examination of side-chain rotamers indicates that this dynamic response and the lower stability of the protein are coupled to greater strain and mobility in the core. The results suggest that manipulating the level of side-chain strain may be one way of fine tuning the stability and specificity of proteins.
Nephrogenic systemic fibrosis after exposure to gadolinium in patients with renal failure (2007)

Gadolinium exposure is associated with nephrogenic systemic fibrosis in patients on chronic renal replacement therapy at a low rate. This association appears to increase with repeated exposure to gadolinium. Since nephrogenic systemic fibrosis may be clinically occult, its prevalence may be higher than reported. Despite this association, it is unclear if gadolinium is the sole or most important factor in the pathogenesis of the disease.
Biological Effect Evaluation of Glutathione-Responsive Cyclodextrin-Based Nanosponges: 2D and 3D Studies (2020)

This study aims to evaluate the bioeffects of glutathione-responsive β-cyclodextrin-based nanosponges (GSH-NSs) on two- (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) cell cultures. The bioeffects of two types of GSH-NS formulations, with low (GSH-NS B) and high (GSH-NS D) disulfide-bond content, were evaluated on 2D colorectal (HCT116 and HT-29) and prostatic (DU-145 and PC3) cancer cell cultures. In particular, the cellular uptake of GSH-NS was evaluated, as their effects on cell growth, mitochondrial activity, membrane integrity, cell cycle distribution, mRNA expression, and reactive oxygen species production. The effect of GSH-NSs on cell growth was also evaluated on multicellular spheroids (MCS) and a comparison of the GSH-NS cell growth inhibitory activity, in terms of inhibition concentration (IC)<sub>50</sub> values, was performed between 2D and 3D cell cultures. A significant decrease in 2D cell growth was observed at high GSH-NS concentrations, with the formulation with a low disulfide-bond content, GSH-NS B, being more cytotoxic than the formulation with a high disulfide-bond content, GSH-NS D. The cell growth decrease induced by GSH-NS was owing to G<sub>1</sub> cell cycle arrest. Moreover, a significant down-regulation of mRNA expression of the cyclin genes <i>CDK1</i>, <i>CDK2</i>, and <i>CDK4</i> and up-regulation of mRNA expression of the cyclin inhibitor genes <i>CDKN1A</i> and <i>CDKN2A</i> were observed. On the other hand, a significant decrease in MCS growth was also observed at high GSH-NS concentrations, but not influenced by the nanosponge disulfide-bond content, with the MCS IC<sub>50</sub> values being significantly higher than those obtained on 2D cell cultures. GSH-NSs are suitable nanocarries as they provoke limited cellular effects, as cell cycle arrest only occurred at concentrations significantly higher than those used for drug delivery.