gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A high-temperature superconductor latching driver operated at 30 K for a single-flux-quantum/semiconductor interface (2003)

We report on a latching-type driver operated at 30 K for the output interface of single-flux-quantum (SFQ) circuits. Ramp-edge-type high-temperature superconductor (HTS) junctions showed only small inherent hysteresis in current–voltage characteristics at a temperature of 30 K. To have hysteresis large enough for latching operation, we chose La-doped YbBaCuO as a counter electrode of an interface modified junction, and used amorphous LaSrAlTaO to form an additional barrier to the interface modified barrier. The junction shunted with optimized capacitance showed sufficiently large hysteresis of 33%, which is as large as that of a non-shunted junction at 4.2 K. We employed 20 kA cm−2 as the critical current density (Jc) of the junction to fabricate dc/SFQ, Josephson transmission lines (JTLs) and the latching driver on the same chip. It is smaller than the optimum current density that gives the smallest punchthrough probability of the junction, which was calculated to be 10−12 for a 30 Gbps ac bias by using the junction parameters at 30 K. However, the probability for Jc of 20 kA cm−2 is still smaller than that of low-temperature semiconductor junctions because of the larger Jc of the HTS junctions. The fabricated latching driver successfully converted the SFQ pulse, which passed through several JTLs from the dc/SFQ circuit, to a 1 mV level signal at 30 K.
Dietary Inulin and Trichuris suis Infection Promote Beneficial Bacteria Throughout the Porcine Gut (2020)

The gut microbiota (GM) displays a profound ability to adapt to extrinsic factors, such as gastrointestinal pathogens and/or dietary alterations. Parasitic worms (helminths) and host-associated GM share a long co-evolutionary relationship, exerting mutually modulatory effects which may impact the health of the host. Moreover, dietary components such as prebiotic fibers (e.g. inulin) are capable of modulating microbiota toward a composition often associated with a healthier gut function. The effect of helminth infection on the host microbiota is still equivocal, and it is also unclear how parasites and prebiotic dietary components interact to influence the microbiota and host health status. Some helminths, such as <i>Trichuris suis</i> (porcine whipworm), also exhibit strong immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory effects. We therefore explored the effects of <i>T. suis</i>, alone and in interaction with inulin, both in fecal microbiota during the infection period and luminal microbiota across four intestinal segments at the end of a 4-week infection period. We observed that <i>T. suis</i> generally had minimal, but mainly positive, effects on the microbiota. <i>T. suis</i> increased the relative abundance of bacterial genera putatively associated with gut health such as <i>Prevotella</i>, and decreased bacteria such as Proteobacteria that have been associated with dysbiosis. Interestingly, dietary inulin interacted with <i>T. suis</i> to enhance these effects, thereby modulating the microbiota toward a composition associated with reduced inflammation. Our results show that administration of <i>T. suis</i> together with the consumption of prebiotic inulin may have the potential to positively affect gut health.
<title>High-performance polymer photovoltaic cells and photodetectors</title> (2001)

Polymer photovoltaic cells and photodetectors have passed their infancy and become mature technologies. The energy conversion efficiency of polymer photovoltaic cells have been improved to over 4.1% (500 nm, 10 mW/cm<SUP>2</SUP>). Such high efficiency polymer photovoltaic cells are promising for many applications including e-papers, e-books and smart- windows. The development of polymer photodetectors is even faster. The performance parameters have been improved to the level meeting all specifications for practical applications. The polymer photodetectors are of high photosensitivity (approximately 0.2 - 0.3 A/Watt in visible and UV), low dark current (0.1 - 1 nA/cm<SUP>2</SUP>), large dynamic range (&gt; 8 orders of magnitude), linear intensity dependence, low noise level and fast response time (to nanosecond time domain). These devices show long shelf and operation lives. The advantages of low manufacturing cost, large detection area, and easy hybridization and integration with other electronic or optical components make the polymer photodetectors promising for a variety of applications including chemical/biomedical analysis, full-color digital image sensing and high energy radiation detection.
Earlier Snowmelt May Lead to Late Season Declines in Plant Productivity and Carbon Sequestration in Arctic Tundra Ecosystems (2021)

Abstract Arctic warming is affecting snow cover and soil hydrology, with consequences for carbon sequestration in tundra ecosystems. The scarcity of observations in the Arctic has limited our understanding of the impact of covarying environmental drivers on the carbon balance of tundra ecosystems. In this study, we address some of these uncertainties through a novel record of 119 site-years of summer data from eddy covariance towers representing dominant tundra vegetation types located on continuous permafrost in the Arctic.Here we found that earlier snowmelt was associated with more net CO2 sequestration and higher gross primary productivity (GPP) only in June and July, but with lower net carbon sequestration and lower GPP in August. Although higher evapotranspiration (ET) can result in soil drying with the progression of the summer, we did not find significantly lower soil moisture with earlier snowmelt, nor evidence for a water stress that affected GPP in the peak and late growing season. Our results suggest that climate change and the associated increased length in the growing season might not benefit these northern tundra ecosystems if they are not able to continue sequestering CO 2 later in the season.
Munsell reflectance spectra represented in three‐dimensional Euclidean space (2003)

Abstract In this article we describe the results of an investigation into the extent to which the reflectance spectra of 1269 matt Munsell color chips are well represented in low dimensional Euclidean space. We find that a three dimensional Euclidean representation accounts for most of the variation in the Euclidean distances among the 1269 Munsell color spectra. We interpret the three dimensional Euclidean representation of the spectral data in terms of the Munsell color space. In addition, we analyzed a data set with a large number of natural objects and found that the spectral profiles required four basis factors for adequate representation in Euclidean space. We conclude that four basis factors are required in general but that in special cases, like the Munsell system, three basis factors are adequate for precise characterization. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 28, 182–196, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/col.10144
Higher-order mode filtering by a resistive layer (2023)

A method of higher-order modes filtering in an air-filled waveguide using a resistive layer is proposed. An analogue of Cremer's criterion is discussed and used to obtain the optimal modal attenuation of the non-planar waves while the plane wave is preserved. Numerical validation of the concept is performed for a straight waveguide and an abrupt expansion in a waveguide.
Selective regional vasoconstriction underlying pressor effects of galanin in anaesthetized possums compared with cats. (1994)

1. Intravenous administration of porcine galanin (5 nmol kg-1) caused a rise in mean blood pressure in the brush-tailed possum, Trichosurus vulpecula, from 58 +/- 1.6 to 106 +/- 1.6 mmHg. This effect is in contrast to the cat, in which no significant change in blood pressure was recorded in response to galanin (88 +/- 2.3 vs. 86 +/- 2.4 mmHg). 2. Cardiac output and regional blood flow distribution were assessed by distribution of radioactive microspheres in four anaesthetized possums and four cats, before and after administration of galanin. 3. Cardiac output was 289.8 +/- 14.0 ml min-1 in the cat and 189.9 +/- 25.5 ml min-1 in the possum. Galanin administration did not significantly change cardiac output in either species. 4. In the possum, galanin administration caused large increases in resistance to flow in the spleen, gut, adrenal glands, kidney, skin and carcass. The largest increase was in the kidneys, where renal blood flow fell to 6% of control levels. 5. In the cat, changes in resistance were small. Small increases in resistance to flow in muscle and carcass were offset by small decreases in resistance in the lungs and kidneys. 6. The results suggest that the pressor effect of galanin in the possum is the result of direct vasoconstrictor action in several vascular beds, in contrast to the cat, in which such effects are few and weak.
Cross-Disorder Cognitive Impairments in Youth Referred for Neuropsychiatric Evaluation (2017)

Youth with ADHD, mood disorders, ASD, and psychosis show EF weaknesses that are not due to comorbidity. Whether such cognitive difficulties reflect genetic liability shared among these conditions requires further study. (JINS, 2018, 24, 91-103).
Changes in Hemoglobin Levels in Patients with Hiatal Hernia and Anemia Demonstrates a Durable Resolution When Surgery Utilized (2021)

Objective: To describe the patterns of care of patients presenting with anemia and a hiatal hernia and to document hemoglobin levels at each stage of care. Background data: Anemia may be associated with hiatal hernia. Current medical guidelines recommend iron supplements and proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) as initial steps, but not surgical repair is not routinely recommended despite evidence of cure. Methods: Retrospective review of patients with anemia and hiatal hernia who underwent surgical repair. Hemoglobin, PPI use, and symptoms were assessed at diagnosis, preoperatively, and postoperatively. Results: We identified 116 predominantly female patients with type 3 hernias with 52.6% (n = 61) having Cameron ulcers. At baseline, 24.1% (n = 28) were transfused, 52% (n = 60) started on iron supplements, 72% (n = 84) on PPIs, and 10% (n = 12) on H2-blockers. Referral to surgery occurred 454 days (IQR: 129-1332) after anemia diagnosis. The mean Hgb at diagnosis was 9.79 (range: 4.8-12.7) in females and 10.9 (range: 7.7-12.9) in males, increasing to 11.1 (range: 5.4-15) and 11.4 (range: 5.8-15.9) with medical management. After laparoscopic repair, it increased to 12.3 (range: 8.1-14.8) and 13.4 (range: 8.9-16.8) at short term follow up. This was sustained at 12.8 (range: 8.8-17.7) and 14.2 (8.1-17) long term. Medical management normalized Hgb in 36% (n = 40/111); whereas surgery normalized Hgb in 62% (n = 64/104) short term and 74% (n = 69/93) long term. Cameron’s ulcers were associated with normalization in 85% (38/45) but only 62% (n = 21/34) when not present. Conclusion: Anemia associated with a hiatal hernia improves with medication, but the addition of surgery normalizes Hgb, appears durable, allows cessation of medication, and improves quality of life.
Data transmission through polarization domain walls in standard telecom optical fibers (2015)

We report the generation and propagation of polarization domain walls in a standard Telecom optical fiber in the normal dispersion regime. These vectorial structures are then implemented in order to transmit optical data at 1550 nm at a 10 GBits/s and 40 GBits/s bit-rate.
Chemical Carcinogen-Induced Changes in tRNA Metabolism in Human Cells. (1981)

Abstract : It was proposed that changes in tRNA metabolism are required for cells to progress through the stages of carcinogenesis, and a comprehensive hypothesis was formulated to describe tRNA-mediated endogenous promotion of carcinogenesis. This hypothesis offers a viable explanation for the lengthy time frame observed between carcinogen exposure and neoplastic transformation. A role was defined for 7-methylguanine as an endogenous promoting agent, whereby this natural RNA catabolite induces queuine hypomodification in the tRNA anticodon by inhibiting the queuine insertion enzyme tRNA-guanine ribosyltransferase. Subsequently, 7-methylguanine induces neoplastic transformation. A cell culture system was developed which allows the study of tumor promoter-induced mimicry of transformation with normal human cells, and using this system, phorbol ester tumor promoters were also demonstrated to induce queuine hypomodification of TRNA. However, in this case, the hypomodification occurred due to a specific phorbol ester inhibition of queuine transport into the cells. Most importantly, overcoming the tumor promoter-induced hypomodification of tRNA by supplying the cells with excess queuine, blocked the expression of a transformed phenotype by the human cells. Therefore, queuine may be an anti-promoting compound, and a role for queuine hypomodification in the expression (promotion) of carcinogenesis appears likely.
SCTA-a rad-hard BiCMOS analogue readout ASIC for the ATLAS Semiconductor Tracker (1997)

Two prototype chips for the analogue readout of silicon strip detectors in the ATLAS Semiconductor Tracker (SCT) have been designed and manufactured, in 32 channel and 128 channel versions, using the radiation hard BiCMOS DMILL process. The SCTA chip comprises three basic blocks: front-end amplifier, analogue pipeline and output multiplexer. The front-end circuit is a fast transresistance amplifier followed by an integrator, providing fast shaping with a peaking time of 25 ns, and an output buffer. The front end output values are sampled at 40 MHz rate and stored in a 112-cell deep analogue pipeline. The delay between the write pointer and trigger pointer is tunable between 2 /spl mu/s and 2.5 /spl mu/s. The chip has been tested successfully and subsequently irradiated up to 10 Mrad. Full functionality of all blocks of the chip has been achieved at a clock frequency of 40 MHz both before and after irradiation. Noise figures of ENC=720 e/sup -/+33 e/sup -//pF before irradiation and 840 e/sup -/+33 e/pF after irradiation have been obtained.
Unifying structural signature of eukaryotic α-helical host defense peptides (2019)

Diversity of α-helical host defense peptides (αHDPs) contributes to immunity against a broad spectrum of pathogens via multiple functions. Thus, resolving common structure-function relationships among αHDPs is inherently difficult, even for artificial-intelligence-based methods that seek multifactorial trends rather than foundational principles. Here, bioinformatic and pattern recognition methods were applied to identify a unifying signature of eukaryotic αHDPs derived from amino acid sequence, biochemical, and three-dimensional properties of known αHDPs. The signature formula contains a helical domain of 12 residues with a mean hydrophobic moment of 0.50 and favoring aliphatic over aromatic hydrophobes in 18-aa windows of peptides or proteins matching its semantic definition. The holistic α-core signature subsumes existing physicochemical properties of αHDPs, and converged strongly with predictions of an independent machine-learning-based classifier recognizing sequences inducing negative Gaussian curvature in target membranes. Queries using the α-core formula identified 93% of all annotated αHDPs in proteomic databases and retrieved all major αHDP families. Synthesis and antimicrobial assays confirmed efficacies of predicted sequences having no previously known antimicrobial activity. The unifying α-core signature establishes a foundational framework for discovering and understanding αHDPs encompassing diverse structural and mechanistic variations, and affords possibilities for deterministic design of antiinfectives.
The Impact of Peripheral Venous Catheter Procedural Kits on Improving Clinical Outcomes in Hospitalised Patients (2019)

Introduction: Peripheral Venous Catheters (PVC) are an essential component in modern healthcare and their inclusion into a Clinical Procedure Pack has been identified as an area of healthcare where an enhancement in design and implementation could improve practitioner performance and associated patient outcomes.
CSF-1 and Interferon-γ Act Synergistically to Promote Differentiation of FDC-P1 Cells into Macrophages (1998)

FDC-P1 cells expressing the wildtype CSF-1 receptor, FDwtfms, differentiate into macrophages during incubation with CSF-1. This response is amplified in the presence of interferon-gamma. Cells expressing the 807F mutant receptor, 807F cells, proliferate in response to CSF-1 and do not differentiate. However, in response to CSF-1 and interferon-gamma they differentiate as well. CSF-1 causes the activation of STAT proteins in FDwtfms cells, but not in 807F cells. Cellular differentiation correlates with a sustained activation of STAT1 and STAT3 in response to interferon-gamma over at least 40 hours. However, interferon-gamma alone did not cause differentiation of cells expressing either receptor. Other defects in response to CSF-1 of the 807F cells, such as lack of PLC gamma 2 activation, were not complemented by co-incubation of the cells with CSF-1 and interferon-gamma. It appears that a combination of signaling pathways are activated by CSF-1 and interferon-gamma which caused the shift of response from proliferation to differentiation in the 807F cells and an enhanced differentiation in the FDwtfms cells.
Screening and optimization of some inorganic salts for the production of ergot alkaloids from Penicillium species using surface culture fermentation process. (2016)

The present study deals with the production of ergot alkaloids from Penicillium commune and Penicillium citrinum, using surface culture fermentation process. Impact of various inorganic salts was tested on the production of ergot alkaloids during the optimization studies of fermentation medium such as impact of various concentration levels of succinic acid, ammonium chloride, MgSO4, FeSO4, ZnSO4, pH and the effect of various incubation time periods was also determined on the production of ergot alkaloids from Penicillium commune and Penicillium citrinum. Highest yield of ergot alkaloids was obtained when Penicillium commune and Penicillium citrinum that were grown on optimum levels of ingredients such as 2 g succinic acid, 1.5 and 2 g NH4Cl, 1.5 g MgSO4, 1 g FeSO4, 1 and 1.5 g ZnSO4 after 21 days of incubation time period using pH 5 at 25(°)C incubation temperature in the fermentation medium. Ergot alkaloids were determined using Spectrophotometry and Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) techniques.
Book Reviews Genetic Instability in Cancer. Cancer Surveys, Vol. 28. Edited by Thomas Lindahl. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, 1996. 353 pages. Price $90.00. ISBN 0 87969 485 8. (1997)

Book Reviews Genetic Instability in Cancer. Cancer Surveys, Vol. 28. Edited by Thomas Lindahl. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, 1996. 353 pages. Price $90.00. ISBN 0 87969 485 8. - Volume 70 Issue 2
Implementation Issues and Challenges for Computerized Clinical Protocols for Management of Mechanical Ventilation in ARDS Patients. (1989)

In the process of implementing complex computerized protocols for the management of ventilation in ARDS patients several unique problems were encountered in the areas of temporal dependency, testing, decision making architecture, data integrity, user interaction and order generation. The protocols are different from many of the applications previously developed in that they depend not only on the current status of the patient but the temporal sequence of events that led up to the present time. This necessitated timely charting which was not a small requirement in the demanding ICU environment. New testing tools had to be developed to simulate a temporal sequence of events so that all branches of the protocols could be thoroughly tested. The blackboard control architecture originally implemented had to be abandoned for the sake of data integrity. The inability to have interactive communication, during execution of the protocols required a thorough re-evaluation of the data which was routinely charted. The mechanism for triggering execution of the protocols had to be redesigned to provide shorter response time for the ICU environment. This new version of the protocols has been used in 16 patients for a total of 3553 therapy suggestions. It is now being generally accepted in the ICU and routinely used to treat a wide variety of respiratory failure patients.
Mathematical Word Problem Solver System Using Deep Learning (2022)

Since the introduction of the idea of Math Word Problem(MWP) solver, platforms like Intelligent tutoring systemand computer based training have gained much popularity and hence the development of MWP proves to be anessential part. As many types of word problems exist we primarily tend to have our focus on arithmetic singleoperation word problems of elementary grade level. We add our contribution to this open research by working onan already existing model which uses word cues and patterns to understand the semantics of the word problem.Hence we also add our ideas to introduce the model of inference so as to make the system in-sync with basic worldknowledge.
Dual-metal-gate-integration complementary metal oxide semiconductor process scheme using Ru positive-channel metal oxide semiconductor and TaC negative-channel metal oxide semiconductor gate electrodes (2007)

This article presents the development of a wet removal process on the integration of complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) dual metals with Ru for positive-channel metal oxide semiconductor and TaC for negative-channel metal oxide semiconductor on high-k HfO2 gate dielectric. The integration scheme focused on the wet etching capability for the first metal and the selectivity control on the high-k dielectrics under the metal gate. Using the developed chemical, ceric ammonium nitrate and nitric acid mixture used for Ru metal removal and HfO2 treated with Ar∕O2 plasma by selective diluted hydrofluoric wet etching, a CMOS dual-metal-gate structure was achieved with satisfactory device fabrication.
The yield of surveillance endomyocardial biopsies as a screen for cellular rejection in pediatric heart transplant patients (2004)

Endomyocardial biopsy is commonly used to screen for cellular rejection in pediatric heart transplant patients. The yield of EMBs when combined with newly developed immunohistochemical techniques and modern immunosuppression in pediatric heart transplant patients is unknown. After OHT, surveillance biopsies were performed on a routine basis on all pediatric patients. EMBs were also performed on symptomatic OHT patients suspected to have rejection. All positive results (greater than ISHLT grade 1B) were confirmed with immunohistochemical staining. A retrospective review of consecutive EMBs performed in this institution from January 1995 to January 2003 was performed. The echocardiographic results, clinical history and treatment changes at the time of every biopsy were also catalogued. Of the 1093 EMB results from 136 pediatric heart transplant grafts (127 patients, 64 male) reviewed, 825 biopsies were performed on patients managed with tacrolimus and 268 were performed on patients managed with cyclosporine. The patients managed with tacrolimus had an incidence of 0.85% (7/825) for significant rejection (greater than ISHLT grade 1B rejection) vs. an incidence of 4.1% (11/268) for the patients on cyclosporine (p < 0.0005). In the asymptomatic tacrolimus patients, only two screening biopsies (0.26%) manifest significant rejection, and both of these were performed within the first month after transplantation. Of the symptomatic tacrolimus patients, 9.1% (n = 5) had findings on biopsy consistent with significant cellular rejection. There were 25 patients with grade 1B rejection. Twenty-two of these patients were not treated, and all cases of grade 1B rejection resolved without clinical sequelae. For pediatric patients more than 30 days after OHT, EMB has failed to reveal significant episodes of cellular rejection in asymptomatic patients managed with tacrolimus.