gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Quality Improvement of an Acid Treated Fuel Oil (2008)

The work on the quality improvement of fuel oil using acid treatment was carried out. The improvement of the fuel oil was done using sulphuric acid to remove contaminants. Sulphuric acid at different concentrations were mixed with the oil and kept at 45°C for four hours in the agitator vessel to allow reaction to take place. Acidic sludge was then drained off from the agitator and the oil was neutralized with sodium hydroxide. Centrifugation operation was used to extract the sulphonate dispersed in the oil. The treated and untreated oils were characterized for various properties and the results showed that the viscosity, total sulphur of fuel oil decreased from 6.0 to before 5.0 cst after acid treatment and 2.57 to 1.2225 % w/w respectively while the flash point increased from 248 to 264°F. The water and sediment content increased from trace before to 0.6 after treatment. In addition, the calorific value increased from initial value of 44,368 to 44,805 and 44,715 kJ/kg at 50 % and 75 % conc. H2SO4 while decreasing with 85 % and 90 % conc. H2SO4. However, both carbon residue and ash content decreases with an increase in acid concentration.
Differences in clinical behaviour and immunophenotype between primary cutaneous and primary nodal anaplastic large cell lymphoma of T‐cell or null cell phenotype (1993)

The histological, immunophenotypic and clinical features of 19 primary cutaneous anaplastic large cell lymphomas (cutaneous ALCL) were compared with those of 18 primary nodal anaplastic large cell lymphomas (nodal ALCL) of T-cell or null cell type. Although cutaneous ALCL and nodal ALCL had identical morphological features, differences in surface marker expression and clinical behaviour were found. Immunophenotypical differences concerned the expression of epithelial membrane antigen (82% of the nodal ALCL were positive v. none of the cutaneous ALCL) and the cutaneous lymphocyte antigen (HECA-452), a possible skin-homing receptor on cutaneous T-lymphocytes (most tumour cells in 44% of cutaneous ALCL cases were positive, whereas nodal ALCL showed expression of HECA-452 on only few tumour cells (< 25%) in 18% of cases tested). Loss of T-cell markers was more pronounced for nodal ALCL. Patients with cutaneous ALCL were generally older (median 61 years) than patients with nodal ALCL (median 24 years) and, in contrast to the latter group, did not show bimodal age distribution. Survival after 4 years, using lymphoma-related death as an end-point, differed significantly between cutaneous ALCL and nodal ALCL; 92% for cutaneous ALCL and 65% for nodal ALCL (P = 0.04). The better survival of cutaneous ALCL patients could not be ascribed to differences in age, stage or initial mode of treatment. These data indicate that differences in immunophenotype and clinical behaviour exist between morphologically identical primary cutaneous and primary node-based ALCL. They indicate that the primary site is an important prognostic factor in predicting the clinical outcome of ALCL.
[P4–392]: NOVEL ASSAYS TO MONITOR Aβ PEPTIDES GENERATED BY THE ASPARAGATE ENDOPEPTIDASE AFTER INHIBITION OF BACE (2017)

The β-secretase enzyme BACE cleaves amyloid precursor protein (APP) and is crucial for Aβ production. Thus, BACE is a key target for disease-modifying treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Recently we demonstrated by mass spectrometry that several APP/Aβ peptides, starting before the β-secretase cleavage site and ending at amino acid 15 in the Aβ sequence, increases in response to inhibition of BACE. In addition, new data have shown that asparagine endopeptidase (AEP) cleaves APP 11 amino acids before the BACE cleavage site (APP/Aβ -11). Our aim was to develop immunoassays that specifically measure APP/Aβ(-11to15), APP/Aβ(-11toX), and APP/Aβ(-11to-1) to investigate how these APP/Aβ species are affected in response to inhibition of BACE. Three novel ELISA:s were developed and validated to measure APP/Aβ(-11to15), APP/Aβ(-11toX), and APP/Aβ(-11to-1). Immunoprecipitation was combined with mass spectrometry to assess the specificity of the end-specific antibody for the -11 cleavage. SH-SY5Y cells were treated with vehicle or 0.5, 1, 2 or 4 μM of the BACE inhibitor BACE IV. Cell media were collected after 24 hours of treatment and the three ELISAs were used to quantify Aβ peptides starting at -11. sAPPα/β concentrations were measured using ELISA (IBL) Aβ38/40/42 concentrations were measured using the Abeta Triplex assay (Meso Scale Discovery). Assays to measure APP/Aβ(-11to15), APP/Aβ(-11toX), and APP/Aβ(-11to-1) were successfully validated with calibration curves ranging between 15.6–1000pg/mL, 12.5–800pg/mL and 0.625–40ng/mL, respectively. Mass spectrometric data confirmed the specificity of the end-specific antibody. At the different concentrations of BACE inhibitor and relative to vehicle, APP/Aβ(-11to15) and APP/Aβ(-11toX) increased up to 106% and 78%, respectively. For APP/Aβ(-11to-1) we found a 75% decrease at the high dose treatment. Aβ38/40/42 and sAPPβ decreased in response to treatment while levels of sAPPα increased. We show that BACE inhibition is associated with increased levels of APP/Aβ(-11to15) and APP/Aβ(-11toX). These findings further strengthen that BACE inhibition drives APP processing towards a BACE independent pathway. APP/Aβ(-11to-1) decreases in response to inhibition of BACE showing that the cleavage between amino acids M (-1) and D (1) is BACE-dependent. These novel APP/Aβ species may be useful markers to assess biochemical effects in the central nervous system in clinical trials of BACE inhibitors.
Network performance management using application-centric key performance indicators (2007)

The Internet and intranets are viewed as capable of supplying “Anything, Anywhere, Anytime” and e-commerce, e-government, e-community, and military C4I are now deploying many and varied applications to serve their needs. Network management is currently centralized in operations centers. To assure customer satisfaction with the network performance they typically plan, configure and monitor the network devices to insure an excess of bandwidth, that is overprovision. If this proves uneconomical or if complex and poorly understood interactions of equipment, protocols and application traffic degrade performance creating customer dissatisfaction, another more application-centric, way of managing the network will be needed. 
This research investigates a new qualitative class of network performance measures derived from the current quantitative metrics known as quality of service (QOS) parameters. The proposed class of qualitative indicators focuses on utilizing current network performance measures (QOS values) to derive abstract quality of experience (QOE) indicators by application class. These measures may provide a more user or application-centric means of assessing network performance even when some individual QOS parameters approach or exceed specified levels. 
The mathematics of functional analysis suggests treating QOS performance values as a vector, and, by mapping the degradation of the application performance to a characteristic lp-norm curve, a qualitative QOE value (good/poor) can be calculated for each application class. A similar procedure could calculate a QOE node value (satisfactory/unsatisfactory) to represent the service level of the switch or router for the current mix of application traffic. 
To demonstrate the utility of this approach a discrete event simulation (DES) test-bed, in the OPNET telecommunications simulation environment, was created modeling the topology and traffic of three semi-autonomous networks connected by a backbone. Scenarios, designed to degrade performance by under-provisioning links or nodes, are run to evaluate QOE for an access network. The application classes and traffic load are held constant. 
Future research would include refinement of the mathematics, many additional simulations and scenarios varying other independent variables. Finally collaboration with researchers in areas as diverse as human computer interaction (HCI), software engineering, teletraffic engineering, and network management will enhance the concepts modeled.
Hoortoestellen en implantologie (2018)

Slechthorenden ervaren als belangrijkste probleem niet zozeer het feit dat ze niet langer de zachtere geluiden horen, maar vooral dat ze meer moeite hebben met het verstaan van spraak. Omdat gehoorverlies een beperking is die van persoon tot persoon verschilt, zijn aan de persoon aangepaste oplossingen vereist. De oplossingen hiervoor zijn hoortoestellen, gehoorverbeterende chirurgie, en de laatste jaren ook actieve implantaten. Bij hoortoestellen wordt tegenwoordig het vaakst gekozen voor digitale toestellen, die geavanceerde berekeningen en bewerkingen op het binnengekomen geluid kunnen uitvoeren. Met ruisonderdrukkingsmethoden en zichzelf instellende, richtinggevoelige microfoons is gericht horen beter mogelijk. Er zijn verschillende typen hoortoestellen, elk met bepaalde eigenschappen. Omdat hoortoestellen meestal maar een gedeeltelijke oplossing van iemands gehoorproblemen kunnen bieden, geniet een blijvend (heelkundig) herstel van gehoorverlies, waar mogelijk, de voorkeur. De chirurgische mogelijkheden voor gehoorproblemen zijn onder andere paracentese en trommelvliesbuisjes, stapedotomie bij otosclerose, trommelvliessluiting en gehoorbeenketenreconstructies, (semi-)implanteerbare hoortoestellen en cochleaire implantatie (elektrische binnenoorprothesen).
Simulations of laser diodes with nonpolar InGaN multi‐quantum‐wells (2010)

Abstract Simulations of the characteristics of laser diodes (LD) with non‐polar and InGaN multi‐quantum‐wells (MQW) have been conducted in multi‐dimensional drift‐diffusion model. The strain coefficients of the QWs of arbitrary crystal‐orientations are obtained by minimizing the total strain energy. Electronic structure and optical gain of non‐polar InGaN QWs are calculated by the 6x6 k.p theory. Finally by integrating the gain and effective mass models of non‐polar InGaN QW into our LASTIP software package, we simulated the performance of the laser diodes with non‐polar MQWs, and the results are compared with the experiments. (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH &amp; Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Protecting the Brachial Plexus During Median Sternotomy (1988)

Injury to the brachial plexus was prospectively assessed in 335 patients undergoing median sternotomy for cardiac operation. All patients were placed in the hand-up position (elbows elevated, arms abducted 90 degrees, and elbows flexed) after right internal jugular vein cannulation (23 cannulation attempts were bilateral). Twenty-eight patients had new upper extremity complaints after the operation, of whom 16 (4.8%) had symptoms considered related to injury of the brachial plexus: one with generalized weakness of the left arm, six with localized weakness, pain, or paresthesia plus objective hypesthesia or weakness, and nine with paresthesias but no objective signs. Four injuries were right sided, four left sided, and eight bilateral. At the time of discharge, 15 of 16 were symptom free and the patient with generalized weakness was rapidly improving. Postoperative plexopathy was not related to degree of sternal retraction, dissection of the internal mammary artery, or cannulation of the internal jugular vein. We believe the low incidence and benign course of brachial plexus problems in these patients resulted from careful sternal retraction and use of the hands-up position. Finally, our data do not support internal jugular cannulation as a major cause of plexus injuries after median sternotomy.
LifeSeeker 4.0: An Interactive Lifelog Search Engine for LSC'22 (2022)

In this paper, we introduce LifeSeeker 4.0 - an interactive lifelog retrieval system developed for the fifth annual Lifelog Search Challenge (LSC'22). In LifeSeeker 4.0, we focus on enhancing our previous system to allow users who have little to no knowledge of underlying system functioning and lifelog data to use it with ease by employing a Contrastive Language-Image Pre-training (CLIP) model. Furthermore, we have exploited the music metadata to facilitate searches that may incorporate emotion. Event clustering is also improved in this version to increase user experience by reducing the occurrence of repeated images, and hence decreasing the search time.
Microaerobic conditions caused the overwhelming dominance of Acinetobacter spp. and the marginalization of Rhodococcus spp. in diesel fuel/crude oil mixture-amended enrichment cultures (2019)

The aim of the present study was to reveal how different microbial communities evolve in diesel fuel/crude oil-contaminated environments under aerobic and microaerobic conditions. To investigate this question, aerobic and microaerobic bacterial enrichments amended with a diesel fuel/crude oil mixture were established and analysed. The representative aerobic enrichment community was dominated by Gammaproteobacteria (64.5%) with high an abundance of Betaproteobacteriales (36.5%), followed by Alphaproteobacteria (8.7%), Actinobacteria (5.6%), and Candidatus Saccharibacteria (4.5%). The most abundant alkane monooxygenase (alkB) genotypes in this enrichment could be linked to members of the genus Rhodococcus and to a novel Gammaproteobacterium, for which we generated a high-quality draft genome using genome-resolved metagenomics of the enrichment culture. Contrarily, in the microaerobic enrichment, Gammaproteobacteria (99%) overwhelmingly dominated the microbial community with a high abundance of the genera Acinetobacter (66.3%), Pseudomonas (11%) and Acidovorax (11%). Under microaerobic conditions, the vast majority of alkB gene sequences could be linked to Pseudomonas veronii. Consequently, results shed light on the fact that the excellent aliphatic hydrocarbon degrading Rhodococcus species favour clear aerobic conditions, while oxygen-limited conditions can facilitate the high abundance of Acinetobacter species in aliphatic hydrocarbon-contaminated subsurface environments.
Influence of the hydrophilic–hydrophobic contrast of porous surfaces on the enzymatic performance (2015)

Herein we report the dependency of the performance (uptake, activity, stability) of hydrophilic glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH) onto mesoporous cellular foams (MCF) grafted with aminosilanes of different chain length. The resulting hydrophobic-hydrophilic contrast was carefully evaluated by combined argon and water sorption and quantified with a newly developed hydrophilicity index suitable for the characterization of large-pore materials. The enzymatic behaviour was influenced by electrostatic and hydrophobic interactions between both reaction partners due to the creation of specific microenvironments inside the pore system. The microenvironment created by the materials with high hydrophobicity did not contribute to the beneficial electrostatic interactions of the charged amine groups by increased hydrophobic forces instead a competition of both forces was present. Thus an improved biocatalytic performance was not observed for materials with high hydrophobicity but short-chain functionalized MCFs led to highly stable and active biocatalysts.
A 5 V MEMS gyroscope with 3 aF/&#x00B0;/s sensitivity, 0.6 &#x00B0;/&#x221A;hr mechanical noise and drive-sense crosstalk minimization (2011)

A MEMS bulk micromachined vibratory gyroscope is designed and fabricated in a commercial and low-cost SOI technology - MEMSCAP SOIMUMPs. The device was carefully designed to mitigate micro-fabrication limitations, while achieving high performance. Theoretical analysis of the drive and sense modes was performed in order to reduce the crosstalk between them, while still using a simple gyro structure. The device was simulated using COMSOL taking into account the anisotropic elastic properties of the `100' single-crystalline silicon device layer for added accuracy. The gyroscope operates at 35 kHz with a 5 V DC bias voltage. The relatively low bias voltage leads to significant simplifications in the design of the biasing circuitry, and results in lower power consumption and electrical noise, while ensuring compatibility with standard integrated circuits technologies. The device exhibits a simulated rate sensitivity of ~ 3 aF/°/s, and its theoretical mechanical noise is calculated to be 0.6 °/√hr. Measurements show a resonance frequency of 27.5 kHz and a quality factor of 120,000 at a 10 mTorr level of vacuum.
Chloromethanesulfonylethene and Dichloromethanesulfonylethene:  New Reagents for Tandem Diels−Alder/Ramberg−Bäcklund Reactions (2004)

[reaction: see text] Chloromethanesulfonylethene (3a) and dichloromethanesulfonylethene (3b) were prepared by oxidation of the adducts of ethylene and ClCH(2)SCl or Cl(2)CHSCl, respectively, followed by NaHCO(3) dehydrochlorination. With dienes, 3a gave Diels-Alder adducts that, with base, underwent Ramberg-Bäcklund reaction, giving products corresponding to the adducts of the dienes and allene. Similarly, 3b gave Diels-Alder adducts that, with base in the presence of the novel chlorine source MeSO(2)CCl(3), cleanly afforded products corresponding to the adducts of the dienes and 1,1-dichloropropa-1,2-diene.
Type Of Supply Waveform, Partial Discharge Behavior And Life Of Rotating Machine Insulation Systems (2018)

This paper highlights the effects voltage supply waveform can have on partial discharge, PD, characteristics in insulation systems of rotating machines fed by power electronics drives. While standards allow both sinusoidal and repetitive voltage impulse waveforms to be used for insulation design and type tests, the dependence of PD on the voltage waveform implies that the machine design and performance can be affected significantly by the waveform. Partial discharge inception voltage, partial discharge patterns and insulation life are, in fact, dependent on the type of test waveform. This can affect significantly the design of machine insulation system.
Hf O 2 and Al2O3 gate dielectrics on GaAs grown by atomic layer deposition (2005)

High-performance metal-oxide-semiconductor field effect transistors (MOSFETs) on III–V semiconductors have long proven elusive. High-permittivity (high-κ) gate dielectrics may enable their fabrication. We have studied hafnium oxide and aluminum oxide grown on gallium arsenide by atomic layer deposition. As-deposited films are continuous and predominantly amorphous. A native oxide remains intact underneath HfO2 during growth, while thinning occurs during Al2O3 deposition. Hydrofluoric acid etching prior to growth minimizes the final interlayer thickness. Thermal treatments at ∼600°C decompose arsenic oxides and remove interfacial oxygen. These observations explain the improved electrical quality and increased gate stack capacitance after thermal treatments.
Luminiscencia en compuestos de oro(III): desde el rojo al azul (2015)

Resumen del póster presentado a la XXXV Reunión Bienal de la Real Sociedad Española de Química celebrada en A Coruña del 19 al 23 de julio de 2015.
Pattern transfer using block copolymers (2013)

To meet the increasing demand for patterning smaller feature sizes, a lithography technique is required with the ability to pattern sub-20 nm features. While top-down photolithography is approaching its limit in the continued drive to meet Moore's law, the use of directed self-assembly (DSA) of block copolymers (BCPs) offers a promising route to meet this challenge in achieving nanometre feature sizes. Recent developments in BCP lithography and in the DSA of BCPs are reviewed. While tremendous advances have been made in this field, there are still hurdles that need to be overcome to realize the full potential of BCPs and their actual use.
Integration of hand-written address interpretation technology into the United States Postal Service Remote Computer Reader system (2002)

Hand-written address interpretation (HWAI) technology has been recently incorporated into the processing of letter mail by the US Postal Service. The Remote Bar Coding System, which is an image management system for assigning bar codes to mail that has not been fully processed by postal OCR equipment, has been retrofitted with a Remote Computer Reader (RCR), into which the HWAI technology is integrated. A description of the HWAI technology, including its algorithms for the control structure, recognizers and databases, is provided. Its performance on more than a million hand-written mail-pieces in a field deployment of the integrated RCR-HWAI system is indicated. Future enhancements for a nationwide deployment of the system are indicated.
Characterization of altered myocardial fatty acid metabolism in patients with inherited cardiomyopathy (2001)

Inherited defects in myocardial long-chain fatty acid metabolism are increasingly recognized as a cause of cardiomyopathy and sudden death in children. To evaluate whether the phenotypic expression of these genetic diseases could be delineated using positron emission tomography (PET), 11 patients with inherited defects in fatty acid metabolism were evaluated and results were compared with those of 6 nonaffected siblings. Myocardial perfusion, myocardial oxygen consumption (MVO2), and long-chain fatty acid metabolism were determined noninvasively with PET using quantitative mathematical models. There were no differences in haemodynamics, perfusion, MVO2 or plasma substrate levels between groups. Patients with defects in enzymes of fatty acid beta-oxidation (acyl-CoA dehydrogenase and 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiencies) (n = 5) had diminished myocardial palmitate oxidation compared with healthy siblings (3.2 +/- 3.0 vs. 13.0 +/- 5.6 nmol/g per min, p < 0.03) and a decrease in the percentage of MVO2 accounted for by palmitate (2% +/- 3% vs. 9% +/- 5%, p < 0.04). In these patients, extracted palmitate was shunted into a slow-turnover compartment (predominantly reflecting esterification to triglycerides) with expansion of palmitate in that pool (185 +/- 246 compared with 27 +/- 67 nmol/g in healthy siblings,p < 0.02). In contrast, myocardium of patients with carnitine deficiency (n = 6) (all on oral carnitine therapy) had normal palmitate extraction but expansion of the interstitial/cytosolic fatty acid pool (617 +/- 399 vs. 261 +/- 73 nmol/g in healthy siblings, p < 0.04), suggesting different mechanisms for handling upstream fatty acyl intermediates. Thus, PET can be used to noninvasively assess abnormal myocardial handling of fatty acids in patients with inherited defects of metabolism. This approach should be useful in the assessment of altered myocardial fatty acid metabolism associated with cardiomyopathy as well as for evaluating the efficacy of therapeutic interventions in affected patients.
Geometry and scaling of tangled vortex lines in three-dimensional random wave fields (2014)

The short-and long-scale behaviour of tangled wave vortices (nodal lines) in random three-dimensional wave fields is studied via computer experiment.The zero lines are tracked in numerical simulations of periodic superpositions of threedimensional complex plane waves.The probability distribution of local geometric quantities such as curvature and torsion are compared to previous analytical and new Monte Carlo results from the isotropic Gaussian random wave model.We further examine the scaling and self-similarity of tangled wave vortex lines individually and in the bulk, drawing comparisons with other physical systems of tangled filaments.