gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Corticosterone increase inhibits stress-induced gastric erosions in rats (1998)

The role of glucocorticoids released in response to stress in the pathogenesis of stress-induced gastric erosions has been reevaluated. Gastric erosions elicited in male rats by 3-h cold-restraint or water-restraint stresses were studied after acute reduction of corticosterone release or occupation of glucocorticoid receptors by the antagonist RU-38486 during stress. Stress-induced corticosterone production was reduced by creating a lesion on the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) 4 days before stress as well as by pretreatment with a rabbit antiserum to adrenocorticotropin (ACTH) 30 min before stress. RU-38486 (10 mg/kg po) was administered 20 min before and 60 min after the onset of stress. Corticosterone for replacement was injected 15 min before the onset of stress to mimic stress-induced corticosterone response. Plasma corticosterone levels were measured by fluorometry or RIA. Gastric erosions were quantitated by measuring the area of damage. Four days after PVN lesion, stress-induced corticosterone release was decreased and gastric erosions were increased. Injecting corticosterone significantly attenuated the effect of PVN lesion on gastric erosions. The ACTH antiserum inhibited corticosteroid secretion in response to stress and markedly increased gastric erosions. The administration of the glucocorticoid/progesterone antagonist RU-38486 significantly potentiated the formation of stress-induced gastric erosions. These observations support the suggestion that glucocorticoids released during stress have a gastroprotective action rather than an ulcerogenic effect as was generally accepted.
Extended preservation of non-heart-beating donor livers with normothermic machine perfusion (2002)

Warm ischaemia for 1 h and simple cold storage (UW solution) for 24 h renders the liver non-viable. Oxygenated, sanguinous perfusion as a method of preservation recovers liver function to a viable level after 24 h of preservation.
Synthesis and regulation of extracellular β (1–3) glucanase and protease by cytophaga sp. In batch and continuous culture (1986)

Lytic enzyme systems with the ability to break whole cells of yeast are a mixture of several enzymes and virtually all contain beta(1-3)glucanases and some protease. It appears that the presence of these two enzyme activities is necessary to break the two layers of the rigid cell wall. The enzyme system of Cytophaga NCIB 9497 has a high activity towards the walls of yeast and also of bacteria. This article describes the production of this extracellular lytic enzyme system in batch and continuous culture-it was found to be inducible. The synthesis and regulation of the two main constituent enzymes, beta(1-3)glucanase and protease, have been investigated. The synthesis of beta(1-3)glucanase is regulated by bothinduction (by an unknown inducer) and catabolite repression. Highbeta(1-3)glucanase activities were obtained in continuous culture at low dilution rates over a narrow range (0.05-0.10 h(-1)), and there is evidence of the presence of more than one glucanase enzyme. Proteolytic activity appears subject to catabolite repression and made up of the activities of more than one protease enzyme. Productivity and enzyme concentration were increased several fold in continuous culture when compared to batch culture.
A Fourier Approach to Cloud Motion Estimation (1978)

A Fourier phase difference technique for cloud motion estimation from pairs of pictures is described. This technique makes use of the phase of the cross-spectral density; it allows motion estimates to be made for individual spatial frequencies, which are related to cloud pattern dimensions. Results obtained using this technique are presented and are compared with the results of a Fourier-domain cross-correlation scheme, using both artificial and real cloud data. It is concluded that the phase difference technique is relatively sensitive to the presence of mixtures of motions, changes in cloud shape and edge effects. Under these circumstances, the cross-correlation scheme yields a more reliable estimate of cloud motion.
2‐Naphthylmethyl (NAP) as a Versatile Amino Protecting Group, Chemoselective Removal under Mild Conditions. (2004)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Pioneer (2005)

We propose a primitive, called Pioneer, as a first step towards verifiable code execution on untrusted legacy hosts. Pioneer does not require any hardware support such as secure co-processors or CPU-architecture extensions. We implement Pioneer on an Intel Pentium IV Xeon processor. Pioneer can be used as a basic building block to build security systems. We demonstrate this by building a kernel rootkit detector.
Dapagliflozin versus saxagliptin as add-on therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled with metformin (2018)

Dapagliflozin demonstrated greater glycemic efficacy than saxagliptin with additional benefits on weight and SBP, and the safety profile was consistent with previous studies.
Specific detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex strains by polymerase chain reaction (1990)

During the screening of a Mycobacterium tuberculosis lambda gt-11 gene library with monoclonal antibodies, we detected a recombinant clone, lambda PH7311, which contained a mycobacterial DNA insert that hybridized specifically with DNA of M. tuberculosis complex strains. Part of this insert was sequenced and used for the development of an M. tuberculosis complex-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Only strains belonging to species of the M. tuberculosis complex group contained an amplifiable fragment of 158 base pairs (bp). This fragment was absent in all strains tested belonging to 15 other mycobacterial species. After amplification by PCR and dot blot hybridization with a digoxigenin-labeled oligonucleotide, the limit of detection of purified genomic M. tuberculosis DNA amounted to a quantity corresponding to 20 bacterial cells. By this technique about 10(3) M. tuberculosis bacteria were detectable in sputum. Using PCR, we were also able to detect M. tuberculosis cells in clinical material such as pleural fluid, bronchial washings, and biopsies, and these results were comparable with those obtained by classical bacterial culture. Of 34 M. tuberculosis strains, 5 did not carry the amplifiable 158-bp fragment, which occurs usually as a single copy in the chromosome. Evidence is presented that the 158-bp fragment is located near a repeated sequence in the chromosome. We presume that strains which did not carry the 158-bp fragment have lost a chromosomal segment by a genetic rearrangement induced by the repetitive DNA element.
Potentiation of Forskolin-Induced Increase of cAMP by Diamide and N-Ethylmaleimide in Rat Pancreatic Islets (1990)

In isolated rat pancreatic islets, the effect of diamide and N-ethylmaleimide (NEM) on forskolin- as well as on glucagon-induced elevation of cAMP was studied. Forskolin and glucagon increased cAMP levels in batch-incubated islets. Diamide and NEM further augmented forskolin-induced increase of cAMP levels, whereas glucagon-stimulated elevation of cAMP was not affected. From our data it is likely that under the conditions of the present study, the thiols related to the Ns-protein and the catalytic unit are insensitive to oxidation and alkylation. The potentiation of forskolin-induced cAMP production in intact islet cells by diamide and NEM may be due to inactivation of the thiols related to the Ni-protein.
Plans for the Swiss Light Source (SLS) at PSI (1992)

The feasibility of constructing an intense VUV to x-ray synchrotron light Kurchatov Institute. A status report is given on the SIBERIA. (AIP) source at the Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI) is being investigated. Under study is a machine design with very flexible parameters and which is capable of providing very low emittance and short pulse lengths.
Über methylenierte Metallhalogenide, V. Cyclopropanierungen von Olefinen mit Benzoyloxymethylzink‐Derivaten (1967)

Abstract Bei der Unterschung anionisch substituierter Methylzink‐Verbindungen auf ihre Fähigkeit zur Cyclopropanbildung mit Olefinen wurde im Bis‐benzoyloxymethyl‐zink ( 1 ) der erste kristalline Vertreter dieser Verbindungsklasse aufgefunden. Die Methylenübertragung von 1 auf Olefine erfolgte nur in Gegenwart von Metallhalogeniden. Mit Benzoyloxymethylzink‐jodid ( 3 ) konnten Olefine in guten Ausbeuten cyclopropaniert werden. Methyl‐substituierte Cyclopropane ließen sich durch Umsetzungen mit 1‐Benzoyloxy‐äthylzinkjodid ( 9 ) gewinnen. Die Argumentation zugunsten eines Mehrzentren‐Mechanismus wurde weiter gestützt.
Drilling and microfracture lead to different bone structure and necrosis during bone‐marrow stimulation for cartilage repair (2009)

Bone marrow stimulation is performed using several surgical techniques that have not been systematically compared or optimized for a desired cartilage repair outcome. In this study, we investigated acute osteochondral characteristics following microfracture and comparing to drilling in a mature rabbit model of cartilage repair. Microfracture holes were made to a depth of 2 mm and drill holes to either 2 mm or 6 mm under cooled irrigation. Animals were sacrificed 1 day postoperatively and subchondral bone assessed by histology and micro-CT. We confirmed one hypothesis that microfracture produces fractured and compacted bone around holes, essentially sealing them off from viable bone marrow and potentially impeding repair. In contrast, drilling cleanly removed bone from the holes to provide access channels to marrow stroma. Our second hypothesis that drilling would cause greater osteocyte death than microfracture due to heat necrosis was not substantiated, because more empty osteocyte lacunae were associated with microfracture than drilling, probably due to shearing and crushing of adjacent bone. Drilling deeper to 6 mm versus 2 mm penetrated the epiphyseal scar in this model and led to greater subchondral hematoma. Our study revealed distinct differences between microfracture and drilling for acute subchondral bone structure and osteocyte necrosis. Additional ongoing studies suggest these differences significantly affect long-term cartilage repair outcome.
Sectors of nonexistence of surface acoustic waves in potassium niobate (2003)

Large sectors of azimuthal directions (up to 17.6/spl deg/) are numerically revealed for the free surface of potassium niobate where normal (that is, nonleaky) surface acoustic waves (SAWS) could not be propagated. The computed maps of such sectors show the cases when a common definition of effective electromechanical coupling coefficient for SAWS, /spl Delta//spl nu///spl nu/, is invalid and should be revisited. In contrast to previous studies.. the true regions of the existence of pure shear Bleustein-Gulyaev (BG) waves on the free surface of the rotated cuts of potassium niobate are found to be very small and are restricted to the orientations very close to the X- and Y-cuts. In the intermediate range of rotated cuts, BG waves transform into an unphysical solution rather than leaky waves that prevents the estimation of electromechanical coupling factor using the /spl Delta//spl nu///spl nu/ definition. Applicability of the method of first integrals to derive an explicit secular equation for BG waves on the rotated cuts of piezoelectric crystals is demonstrated. This equation, as found, is bicubic. A comparison of analytical and numerical results is still in progress.
Hepatitis C Virus (HCV)-Related Arthritis and Arthralgia: The Epidemiologic and Economic Burden in the United States (2015)

Figure 1Introduction: Although arthralgia is a common symptom of HCV, a non-destructive inflammatory arthritis [similar to rheumatoid arthritis RA)] is also seen as an extrahepatic manifestation of HCV. The purpose of this study was to use a meta-analytic approach to determine the prevalence of HCV-related arthritis and its associated costs. Methods: Each study was considered after strict inclusion and exclusion criteria. The diagnosis was made by ICD-9, clinical diagnosis with exams and/or blood work. All studies were reviewed by three reviewers before study inclusion. When applicable, the reporting followed the recommendations of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement. Random-effects model was used because statistical heterogeneity was found to be high. We performed random-effects univariate meta-regression when possible to explore the role of potential sources of heterogeneity related to the participant demographics (i.e. age, gender, country, and study design). The annual cost of the HCV-related arteritis in the U.S. (per-patient costs and utilization included inpatient, outpatient, pharmacy) was determined by Medicare billing data (2005-2010, inflated to 2014) multiplied by the number of HCV-infected individuals in the U.S. as determined by meta-analysis. Results: Thirteen studies included HCV-related arthralgia and four studies included data on HCVrelated arthritis. These studies included 1102 cases of arthralgia among 5015 HCV-infected individuals and 33 cases of arthritis among 10,970 HCV-infected individuals. The pooled prevalence of arthralgia among HCV was 24.7% (95% CI: 17.5% - 31.8%). The pooled prevalence of RA-like arthritis among HCV infected individuals was 1% (95% CI: 0-2%) whereas the prevalence in non-HCV controls was 0.09% similar to a population-based study results where the prevalence of rheumatoid arthritis for 2005 was 9.8 per 1000 among women and 4.1 per 1000 among men (Myasoedova et al. Arthritis and rheumatism 2010). The total direct medical burden caused by HCV-associated arthritis in the United States was estimated to be $11.0 million per year (from $1.0 mln to $21.9 mln in sensitivity analysis). Conclusion: The prevalence of arthralgia and RA-like arthritis is higher among the HCV patients than general population. These extrahepatic manifestations of HCV are associated with both a clinical and economic burden.
Atomic Transport in Au-Ge Droplets: Brownian and Electromigration Dynamics (2019)

The deposition of Au on Ge(111)-sqrt[3]×sqrt[3]-Au above the eutectic temperature results in the formation of AuGe liquid droplets that reach the liquidus composition by digging a hole in the Ge substrate. The combination of low-energy electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy measurements shows that AuGe droplets randomly migrate or electromigrate under an applied electric current dragging their underneath hole. The droplet motion is due to a mass transport phenomenon based on Ge dissolution at the droplet front and Ge crystallization at its rear. At high temperature the mass transport is limited by attachment or detachment at the solid-liquid interface and the activation energy is 1.05±0.3 eV. At low temperature the effective activation energy increases as a function of the droplet radius. This behavior is attributed to the nucleation of 2D layers at the faceted liquid-solid interface.
Scoliosis Follow-Up Using Noninvasive Trunk Surface Acquisition (2013)

Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) is a musculoskeletal pathology. It is a complex spinal curvature in a 3-D space that also affects the appearance of the trunk. The clinical follow-up of AIS is decisive for its management. Currently, the Cobb angle, which is measured from full spine radiography, is the most common indicator of the scoliosis progression. However, cumulative exposure to X-rays radiation increases the risk for certain cancers. Thus, a noninvasive method for the identification of the scoliosis progression from trunk shape analysis would be helpful. In this study, a statistical model is built from a set of healthy subjects using independent component analysis and genetic algorithm. Based on this model, a representation of each scoliotic trunk from a set of AIS patients is computed and the difference between two successive acquisitions is used to determine if the scoliosis has progressed or not. This study was conducted on 58 subjects comprising 28 healthy subjects and 30 AIS patients who had trunk surface acquisitions in upright standing posture. The model detects 93% of the progressive cases and 80% of the nonprogressive cases. Thus, the rate of false negatives, representing the proportion of undetected progressions, is very low, only 7%. This study shows that it is possible to perform a scoliotic patient's follow-up using 3-D trunk image analysis, which is based on a noninvasive acquisition technique.
The intramolecular ene reactions of some unsaturated acyloins (1986)

A Doctoral Thesis. Submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the award of Doctor of Philosophy of Loughborough University.
Energy loss mechanisms in SMR-type BAW devices (2005)

Bulk Acoustic Wave (BAW) filters owe their performance advantages particularly to the excellent Q-values of the acoustic resonators. Solidly Mounted Resonator (SMR) type BAW devices achieve Q-values greater than 1500 when acoustic mirror layers with a large impedance ratio and, hence, a high reflectivity are used. Tungsten and Silicon Oxide are the materials of choice for low loss BAW resonators. This paper describes the loss mechanism still present in low loss BAW resonators and presents comprehensive methods to acquire quantitative data about energy losses. These methods are based on electrical measurements, 1D transmission line models and higher dimensional FEM simulations, and laser interferometer measurements. The lateral currents across the electrodes and the resulting ohmic power dissipation are derived from surface vibration measurements and an inverse calculation of local charge distribution. It is demonstrated that combining these methods allows to detect acoustic leaks and to analyze resistive losses and, thus, the major energy losses in the respective operating conditions can be identified.
Thoracostomy Tube Insertion (2019)

Strict antiseptic precautions and personal protective equipment should be used during the procedure. A single dose of prophylactic antibiotics with Cefazolin should be administered before the procedure. There is no need for further prophylaxis.
Comparison between two methods of optical profilometry on micro-PTC (2019)

The development of a new prototype of micro-PTC (Parabolic Trough Collector) system requests to study the optical characteristics of the mirrors in use. Two techniques were developed for this purpose. The first one is based on the projection of a Moiré pattern on the mirror surface covered with an opaque material. It provides a reconstruction of the profile from which it is possible to calculate focus position, vertex position and hence the focal length. This method represents a very fast estimation of the macroscopic defects of parabolic collectors, which is useful to determine the quality of the product. The second method is based on the analysis of the reflection of a laser beam, scanning the surface of the parabolic mirror. Despite this latter method is more time consuming, it is a more accurate technique that allows measuring both position and slope of each point of the mirror. In addition, this second method permits to estimate the intercept factor of the concentrator.
Graphene-Coated Carbon Nanotube Aerogels Remain Superelastic while Resisting Fatigue and Creep over −100 to +500 °C (2017)

Lightweight, superelastic foams that resist creep and fatigue over a broad temperature range are being developed as structural and functional materials for use in numerous diverse applications. Unfortunately, conventional foams display superelasticity degradation, undergo considerable creep, show fatigue under repeated usage, or fracture over large strains, particularly under significant temperature variations. We report that graphene-coated single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) aerogels remain superelastic, and resist fatigue and creep over a broad temperature range of −100–500 °C. The microstructure of these ultralow density (≈14 mg/mL; corresponding volume fraction ≈9 × 10–3) aerogels is composed of a three-dimensional network of randomly oriented SWCNTs with junctions between SWCNTs coated with 2–5 layers of ≈3 nm long graphene nanoplatelets. Compressive stress (σ) versus compressive strain (ε) curves show that the aerogels fully recover their shapes even when strained by at least 80% over −100–300 °C and 20% at 500 °C, whereas the Young’s modulus remains similar over the temperature (−100–500 °C) and strain rate ε̇ (0.01–0.16 1/s) ranges. We suggest that under compression, the graphene layers hinder free rotation and irreversible sliding of the SWCNTS about the junctions, leading to bending of the graphene layers, while the struts form new junctions stabilized via van der Waals interactions. When the compressive load is removed, the bent graphene layers provide a restoring force that breaks the junctions created during compression, accounting for full aerogel shape recovery, albeit with hysteresis. The storage (E′) and loss (E″) moduli measured in the linear regime show ultralow damping ratio (tan δ = E″/E′) ≈0.02, and these viscoelastic properties remain constant over three decades of frequencies (0.628–628 rad/s) and across −100–500 °C. The low loss in these aerogels is corroborated by exceptional fatigue resistance for 2000 (5 × 105) cycles at ε = 60% (1%) from −100–300 °C (−100–500 °C) and creep resistance at least under σ = 20 kPa, for a minimum of 1 min from −100–500 °C. Furthermore, these aerogels retain their exceptional creep resistance under the same creep test conditions but for much longer time of 30 min at all tested temperatures except at 500 °C where they show small creep ε of ≈0.7% with ≈0.8% residual ε. The emergent thermomechanical stability of these aerogels that arises from, in part, microscopic deformations of the graphene-coated junctions, motivate junction modification as a means to control the mechanical properties of CNT foams in general. Furthermore, the temperature-invariant mechanical properties of these aerogels combined with their facile fabrication method, which is readily applicable to other nanotube foams, make this class of aerogels a strong alternative to conventional foams, particularly in environments with large temperature variations.
Quantitation of Morphine, Morphine-3-Glucuronide, and Morphine-6-Glucuronide in Plasma and Cerebrospinal Fluid Using Solid-Phase Extraction and High-Performance Liquid Chromatography with Electrochemical Detection (1994)

An original, sensitive, and specific high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) assay was developed for the quantitation of morphine and its two major metabolites, morphine-3-glucuronide (M3G) and morphine-6-glucuronide (M6G), in human plasma and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and in rat plasma, using hydromorphone as the internal standard. Solid-phase extraction was used to separate morphine and its glucuronide metabolites from plasma constituents. Extraction efficiencies of morphine, M3G, and M6G from human plasma samples (0.5 ml) were 84, 87, and 88%, respectively. Extraction efficiencies of morphine, M3G, and M6G did not differ significantly (p > 0.05) between human plasma and CSF or rat plasma. Morphine, M3G, M6G, and hydromorphone were separated on a 10 mu C8 Resolve radially compressed cartridge using a mobile phase comprising methanol:acetonitrile:phosphate buffer, (0.0125M pH 7.5; 10:10:80), in which 11 mg/L of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (cetrimide) was dissolved. Quantitation was achieved using a single electrochemical detector at ambient temperature (23 degrees C). Standard curves were linear over the ranges 0.020-2.190, 0.027-2.709, and 0.027-0.542 microM for morphine, M3G, and M6G, respectively. Lower limits of detection for morphine, M3G, and M6G in human plasma and CSF samples (0.5 ml) were 0.020, 0.027, and 0.027 microM, respectively. Corresponding lower limits of detection in rat plasma (0.1 ml) were 0.102, 0.135, and 0.135 microM, respectively. Intraassay precision for low and high concentrations of morphine, M3G, and M6G were < 23 and < 8% respectively. Similarly, interassay accuracy for low and medium concentrations of morphine, M3G, and M6G were < 17% and were < 9% for high concentrations.