gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The origin and virulence of the 1918 "Spanish" influenza virus. (2006)

The "Spanish" influenza pandemic of 1918-19 caused acute illness in 25-30 percent of the world's population and resulted in the death of up to an estimated 40 million people. Using fixed and frozen lung tissue of 1918 influenza victims, the complete genomic sequence of the 1918 influenza virus has been deduced. Sequence and phylogenetic analysis of the completed 1918 influenza virus genes shows them to be the most avian-like among the mammalian-adapted viruses. This finding supports the hypotheses that (1) the pandemic virus contains genes derived from avian-like influenza virus strains and that (2) the 1918 virus is the common ancestor of human and classical swine H1N1 influenza viruses. The relationship of the 1918 virus with avian influenza viruses is further supported by recent work in which the 1918 hemagglutinin (HA) protein crystal structure was resolved. Neither the 1918 hemagglutinin (HA) nor the neuraminidase (NA) genes possess mutations known to increase tissue tropicity that account for the virulence of other influenza virus strains like A/WSN/33 or the highly pathogenic avian influenza H5 or H7 viruses. Using reverse genetics approaches, influenza virus constructs containing the 1918 HA and NA on a modern human influenza virus background were lethal in mice. The complete 1918 virus was even more virulent in mice. The genotypic basis of this virulence has not yet been elucidated. The complete sequence of the non-structural (NS) gene segment of the 1918 virus was deduced and also tested for the hypothesis that enhanced virulence in 1918 could have been due to type I interferon inhibition by the NS1 protein. Results from these experiments suggest that in human cells the 1918 NS1 is a very effective interferon antagonist, but the 1918 NS1 gene does not have the amino acid change that correlates with virulence in the H5N1 virus strains identified in 1997 in Hong Kong. Sequence analysis of the 1918 pandemic influenza virus is allowing us to test hypotheses as to the origin and virulence of this strain. This information should help elucidate how pandemic influenza virus strains emerge and what genetic features contribute to virulence in humans.
Structural and Soft Magnetic Properties of Nitrogen Added Iron Films Prepared by Sputter-Deposition (1989)

The effect of addition of nitrogen gas on the structural and soft magnetic properties of rf sputter-deposited iron films has been investigated. A nitrogen iron film possessing good soft magnetic properties, such as a large saturation magnetic flux density B <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">s</sub> of about 20 kG and a small coercive force H <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">c</sub> of about 1.0 Oe, was obtained by sputtering in Ar gas at a pressure of 3.0×10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-3</sup> Torr containing N <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> gas at a partial pressure of between 2.5×10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-4</sup> and 3.0×l0 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-4</sup> Torr. Iron nitrides such as Fe <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> N and Fe <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">4</sub> N were detected in this film, and the total nitrogen content was between 3 and 5%. TEM observations confirmed that the addition of nitrogen reduces the grain size of the iron film. The coercive force of this film increased sharply at about 125°C, corresponding to the Curie temperature of Fe <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> N. The decrease in the coercive force in iron film with the addition of nitrogen may be attributed to the reduction of the grain size and the existence of the magnetic iron nitrides such as Fe <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> N and Fe <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">4</sub> N.
SkrGAN: Sketching-rendering Unconditional Generative Adversarial Networks for Medical Image Synthesis (2019)

Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) have the capability of synthesizing images, which have been successfully applied to medical image synthesis tasks. However, most of existing methods merely consider the global contextual information and ignore the fine foreground structures, e.g., vessel, skeleton, which may contain diagnostic indicators for medical image analysis. Inspired by human painting procedure, which is composed of stroking and color rendering steps, we propose a Sketching-rendering Unconditional Generative Adversarial Network (SkrGAN) to introduce a sketch prior constraint to guide the medical image generation. In our SkrGAN, a sketch guidance module is utilized to generate a high quality structural sketch from random noise, then a color render mapping is used to embed the sketch-based representations and resemble the background appearances. Experimental results show that the proposed SkrGAN achieves the state-of-the-art results in synthesizing images for various image modalities, including retinal color fundus, X-Ray, Computed Tomography (CT) and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI). In addition, we also show that the performances of medical image segmentation method have been improved by using our synthesized images as data augmentation.
Adaptive Time Misalignment Compensation in Envelope Tracking Amplifiers (2008)

This paper considers the compensation of time misalignment between RF and envelope signals of envelope tracking (ET) amplifier. In particular, we propose methods to compensate the time misalignment and compare them to a previously presented method. Our simulation results indicate that the proposed methods give very accurate timing estimates. In the presence of optimal predistorter, we achieve with 90 percent probability adjacent channel power (ACP) level of -80 dB. With adaptive predistorters, we cannot see any degradation of ACP comparing to case of ideal timing. On the other hand, the proposed methods give roughly 10 dB better ACP than the previously presented method.
Vascular endothelial growth factor and Kaposi's sarcoma cells in human skin grafts. (2002)

Human cancer cells often produce tumors in animal models that incompletely reproduce the histology of the parental tumor. Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) cells, in particular, have not produced durable angiogenic lesions in animal models that resemble those of KS in humans. We investigated the contribution of transformed KS cells, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and human skin tissue on tumor development in a human skin graft/mouse model. High levels of serum VEGF (322 pg/ml) were seen in HIV-1-infected persons with KS compared with HIV-1-infected persons without KS (115 pg/ml). Human KS lesions expressed VEGF in the spindle cells. Transformed KS cells expressed the mitogenically active 121-amino acid and 165-amino acid isoforms of VEGF. Tumors induced by KS cells implanted in the SCID mice grew preferentially in human skin grafts rather than in ungrafted murine skin. Tumors induced in the presence of human skin grafts developed numerous lumens expressing alpha(v)beta(3) integrin. KS cells inoculated with neutralizing anti-VEGF antibody did not form tumors. This study supports an important role for VEGF in tumor development and shows how a human tissue can preferentially promote tumor growth.
SEROLOGIC SURVEY FOR SELECTED VIRAL PATHOGENS IN FREE-RANGING ENDANGERED EUROPEAN MINK (MUSTELA LUTREOLA) AND OTHER MUSTELIDS FROM SOUTH-WESTERN FRANCE (2008)

To investigate the possible role of selected pathogens in the decline of endangered European mink (Mustela lutreola) populations and the potential for these pathogens to affect mink survival, a serologic survey was conducted using serum samples collected from March 1996 to March 2003 in eight departments of south-western France. In total, 481 free-ranging individuals of five mustelid species (including the European mink) were tested. Sympatric mustelids can serve as sentinels to determine the presence of antibodies to viruses in the study area that could potentially infect mink. Antibodies to Canine distemper virus (CDV) were detected in all species; 9% of 127 European mink, 20% of 210 polecats (Mustela putorius), 5% of 112 American mink (Mustela vison), 33% of 21 stone marten (Martes foina) and 5% of 20 pine marten (Martes martes). Antibody prevalence was significantly higher in stone marten and polecats, possibly because their ranges overlap more closely with that of domestic species than that of the other species tested. Antibodies to Canine adenovirus were detected in all species but the pine marten; antibody prevalence estimates ranging from 2% to 10%. Antibodies to canine parainfluenza virus were detected in 1% of European mink, 1% of American mink and 5% of tested polecats but were not detected in Martes species. Antibodies to Rabies virus (RV) were detected in three animals, possibly because of interspecies transmission of bat lyssaviruses as the sampling area is considered to be free of RV, or to a lack of test specificity, as antibody titers were low. The high antibody prevalence to potentially lethal CDV suggests that this pathogen could have significant effects on the free-ranging populations and has implications for the conservation efforts for the endangered European mink.
What can we expect from precision asteroseismology? (2013)

Abstract Precision asteroseismology is the determination of accurate stellar parameters from oscillation data. At first successful for pulsating white dwarf stars, it is now applied to more and more types of stars. We give a number of selected examples where precision asteroseismology, but also asteroseismology based on few observables may lead to considerable improvement of stellar astrophysics in the near future.
A parallel Gauss-Seidel algorithm for sparse power system matrices (1994)

We describe the implementation and performance of an efficient parallel Gauss-Seidel algorithm that has been developed for irregular, sparse matrices from electrical power systems applications. Although, Gauss-Seidel algorithms are inherently sequential, by performing specialized orderings on sparse matrices, it is possible to eliminate much of the data dependencies caused by precedence in the calculations. A two-part matrix ordering technique has been developed -- first to partition the matrix into block-diagonal-bordered form using diakoptic techniques and then to multi-color the data in the last diagonal block using graph coloring techniques. The ordered matrices often have extensive parallelism, while maintaining the strict precedence relationships in the Gauss-Seidel algorithm. We present timing results for a parallel Gauss-Seidel solver implemented on the Thinking Machines CM-5 distributed memory multi-processor. The algorithm presented here requires active message remote procedure calls in order to minimize communications overhead and obtain good relative speedup.
Global mRNA selection mechanisms for translation initiation (2015)

Overall, we show that mRNA selection for translation initiation is not as uniformly regimented as previously anticipated. Components of the closed loop complex are highly relevant for many mRNAs, but some heavily translated mRNAs interact poorly with this machinery. Therefore, alternative, possibly Pab1p-dependent mechanisms likely exist to load ribosomes effectively onto mRNAs. Finally, these studies identify and characterize a complex self-regulatory circuit for the yeast 4E-BPs.
Unique features of selenocysteine incorporation function within the context of general eukaryotic translational processes (2005)

Unlike other essential dietary trace elements, selenium exerts its biological actions through its direct incorporation into selenoproteins, as a part of the 21st amino acid, selenocysteine. Fundamental studies have elucidated the unique structures and putative functions of multiple co-translational factors required for the incorporation of selenocysteine into selenoproteins. The current challenge is to understand how these selenocysteine incorporation factors function within the framework of translation. In eukaryotes, co-ordinating nuclear transcription with cytoplasmic translation of genes is a challenge involving complex spatial and temporal regulation. Selenoproteins utilize the common cellular machinery required for synthesis of non-selenoproteins. This machinery includes the elements involved in transcription, mRNA splicing and transport, and translational processes. Many investigators have emphasized the differences between the expression of selenoproteins and other eukaryotic proteins, whereas this review will attempt to highlight common themes and point out where additional interactions may be discovered.
[Psychological problems of patients who survived cardiac arrest out of hospital]. (2019)

Out-of-hospital circulatory arrest is a major challenge of current medicine. Circulatory arrest survivors bear increased risk of developing anxiety disorders and depressions both during hospitalization and after discharging to the home care. Circulatory arrest survivors are not provided routinely with psychological care. Patients included in our pilot research were identified in the register of surviving circulatory arrest. The survey was carried out using a non-standardized questionnaire. A total of 28 patients surviving the circulatory arrest were included in the pilot research. The average age of respondents was 54 years. There were 20 men and 8 women. The project showed that 18 (64.3 %) people, since they went through the critical status, have suffered from negative and bothering symptoms, such as: fear of a repeated cardiac arrest, sleeping disorders, persistent tiredness etc. Despite the fact that our group of patients was relatively small and larger studies addressing the issue are needed, our finding is alarming - the patients after the cardiac arrest suffer from many anxious and depressive symptoms as well as from cognitive deficit. In the situation when the common psychological intervention by a specialist is not provided, it seems that an early psychological invention is highly desirable and may have a beneficial effect on return of the patients to their everyday life.
Overlay improvement by zone alignment strategy (2008)

It is evident that DRAM ground rule continues to shrink down to 90nm and beyond, overlay performance has become more and more critical and important. Wafer edge shows different behavior from center by processes, e.g. a tremendous misalignment at wafer edge makes yield loss . When a conventional linear model is used for alignment correction, higher uncorrectable overlay residuals mostly happen at wafer edge. Therefore, it's obviously necessary to introduce an innovational alignment correction methdology to reduce unwanted wafer edge effect. In this study, we demonstrate the achievement of moderating poor overlay in wafer edge area by a novel zone-dependent alignment strategy, the so-called "Zone Alignment (ZA)". The main difference between the conventional linear model and zone alignment strategy is that the latter compensates an improper averaging effect from first modeling through weighting all surrounding marks with a nonlinear model. In addition, the effects of mark quantity and sampling distribution from "Zone Alignment" are also introduced in this paper. The results of this study indicate that ZA can reduce uncorrectable overlay residual and improve wafer-to-wafer variation significantly. Furthermore, obvious yield improvement is verified by ZA strategy. In conclusion, Zone alignment is the noteworthy strategy for overlay improvement. Moreover, suitable alignment map and mark numbers should be taken into consideration carefully when ZA is applied for further technology node.
Passage from Quantum to Classical Molecular Dynamics in the Presence of Coulomb Interactions (2010)

We present a rigorous derivation of classical molecular dynamics (MD) from quantum molecular dynamics (QMD) that applies to the standard Hamiltonians of molecular physics with Coulomb interactions. The derivation is valid away from possible electronic eigenvalue crossings.
UV‐Curable Cycloaliphatic Epoxide Based on Modified Linseed Oil: Synthesis, Characterization and Kinetics (2005)

Abstract Summary: Linseed oil was derivitized with 1,3‐butadiene via a Diels‐Alder reaction. The cycloaddition adduct was then epoxidized using a hydrogen peroxide/quaternary ammonium tetrakis(diperoxotungsto) phosphate system. The cyclohexene derivitized linseed oil (CLO) and the epoxidized cyclohexene derivatized linseed oil (ECLO) were characterized by 1 H NMR, 13 C NMR, and FT‐IR. In addition, 2D NMR measurements (COSY) were performed on CLO and ECLO to identify the cyclohexyl structures. Molecular weight was determined by ESI‐MS and GPC. The ECLO was photo‐polymerized using UV‐light, and the kinetics of the photo‐curing reactions was evaluated by real‐time FT‐IR and photo‐DSC. All the characterizations supported the successful introduction of cyclohexyl structure to the backbone of linseed oil directly and indirectly. Real‐time FT‐IR and photo‐DSC indicated the slightly improved reactivity of ECLO. Ideal structure of cyclohexene linseed oil (CLO). image Ideal structure of cyclohexene linseed oil (CLO).
Multitarget Strategies to Reduce Myocardial Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury (2019)

Many treatments have been identified that confer robust cardioprotection in experimental animal models of acute ischemia and reperfusion injury. However, translation of these cardioprotective therapies into the clinical setting of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) for patient benefit has been disappointing. One important reason might be that AMI is multifactorial, causing cardiomyocyte death via multiple mechanisms, as well as affecting other cell types, including platelets, fibroblasts, endothelial and smooth muscle cells, and immune cells. Many cardioprotective strategies act through common end-effectors and may be suboptimal in patients with comorbidities. In this regard, emerging data suggest that optimal cardioprotection may require the combination of additive or synergistic multitarget therapies. This review will present an overview of the state of cardioprotection today and provide a roadmap for how we might progress towards successful clinical use of cardioprotective therapies following AMI, focusing on the rational combination of judiciously selected, multitarget therapies. This paper emerged as part of the discussions of the European Union (EU)-CARDIOPROTECTION Cooperation in Science and Technology (COST) Action, CA16225.
Impact of renewable distributed generation on power systems (2005)

The traditional approach in electric power generation is to have centralized plants distributing electricity through an extensive transmission & distribution network. Distributed generation (DG) provides electric power at a site closer to the customer, eliminating the unnecessary transmission and distribution costs. In addition, it can reduce fossil fuel emissions, defer capital cost, reduce maintenance investments and improve the distribution feeder voltage conditions. In the case of small residential photovoltaic (PV) and wind systems, the actual generator locations and DG penetration level are usually not apriori known. The following study attempts to calculate the boundaries of the impact of randomly placed distributed generators on a distribution feeder. Monte Carlo simulations are performed, and boundaries for overall improvements are determined. The study shows that the knowledge of total penetration of small PV systems is sufficient to estimate the effects of DG on the feeder.
Principes de base des Technologies à Membranes (2005)

La filtration membranaire est de plus en plus utilisée comme procédé de séparation dans de nombreux domaines notamment dans le cycle de l'eau (potabilisation de l'eau, traitement des effluents, réutilisation de l'eau, adoucissement, dessalement ...). La filtration membranaire est basée sur l'application d'une différence de pression qui permet le transfert du solvant à travers une membrane dont la taille des pores assure la rétention de solutés. Ces opérations, classées selon une taille des pores décroissantes, sont : la microfiltration, l'ultrafiltration, la nanofiltration et l'osmose inverse. Ce sont des procédés mature technologiquement (une bonne part du développement technologique est déjà réalisé) mais encore en plein développement industriel. A titre d'exemple, dans le domaine de la potabilisation de l'eau, la capacité de production des plus grosses usines est multipliée par dix tous les 5 ans.
Elongational dynamics of multiarm polystyrene (2009)

Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter Facebook Reddit LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Reprints and Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation Henrik Koblitz Rasmussen, Anne Ladegard Skov, Jens Kromann Nielsen, Philippe Laillé; Elongational dynamics of multiarm polystyrene. J. Rheol. 1 March 2009; 53 (2): 401–415. https://doi.org/10.1122/1.3059575 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentThe Society of RheologyJournal of Rheology Search Advanced Search |Citation Search
Polyethylene glycol (PEG)-dendron phospholipids as innovative constructs for the preparation of super stealth liposomes for anticancer therapy (2014)

Pegylation of nanoparticles has been widely implemented in the field of drug delivery to prevent macrophage clearance and increase drug accumulation at a target site. However, the shielding effect of polyethylene glycol (PEG) is usually incomplete and transient, due to loss of nanoparticle integrity upon systemic injection. Here, we have synthesized unique PEG-dendron-phospholipid constructs that form super stealth liposomes (SSLs). A β-glutamic acid dendron anchor was used to attach a PEG chain to several distearoyl phosphoethanolamine lipids, thereby differing from conventional stealth liposomes where a PEG chain is attached to a single phospholipid. This composition was shown to increase liposomal stability, prolong the circulation half-life, improve the biodistribution profile and enhance the anticancer potency of a drug payload (doxorubicin hydrochloride).
ChemInform Abstract: SPURIOUS INFRARED ABSORPTION BANDS OF PHOSPHORUS PENTASULFIDE (P4S10) AND RELATED PHOSPHORUS SULFIDES (1985)

Abstract Bei mit getrocknetem KBr verriebenem P4S", werden u.a. verstärkte IR‐Banden bei 470 und 640 cm ‐1 beobachtet, die dem Hydrolyseprodukt H 3 PO 3 S zugeordnet werden ( 31 P‐NMR‐Analysen).