gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Hydraulic Unit Estimation From Predicted Permeability and Porosity Using Artificial Intelligence Techniques (2013)

Abstract Rock classification or assigning a type or class to a specific rock sample based on petrophysical characteristics is a fundamental technique to reduce the uncertainty in prediction of reservoir properties due to heterogeneity. One of the popular approaches is to classify a reservoir rock from the fundamentals of geology and the physics of flow at pore network scale. In this approach, rocks of similar fluid conductivity are identified and grouped into classes. Each grouping is referred to as a hydraulic flow unit (HU). HUs are estimated for the uncored section of the wells from wire line log data received from field using three popular artificial intelligence (AI) techniques such as (i) Adaptive Network Fuzzy Inference Systems (ANFIS); (ii) Functional Networks; and (iii) Support Vector Machines. HUs can either be predicted directly from wire line log data as a classification model or can be estimated indirectly from predicted permeability and porosity. In the present study, HUs were predicted employing both approaches. The comparison of the two approaches shows that it is a better practice to estimate HUs by directly relating them to well logs. Calculation of HUs from predicted permeability and porosity results in inferior accuracy. This is due to the accumulation of errors during the estimation of permeability and porosity. The Knowledge of HUs acquired from well logs can significantly help in determining ultimate hydrocarbon recovery, optimal well placement, and well stimulation. Thus, the finding of this research will impact the economy of the development and operations of a field.
An amplitude-steered, electronically despun antenna for the synchronous meteorological satellite. (1972)

Description of the design and performance of a dual-band electronically despun, high-gain, earth-coverage satellite antenna for use on the Synchronous Meteorological Satellite. The SMS satellite is designed to take high-resolution cloud cover pictures from synchronous altitude. Several unique design features are described, including a scheme for steering energy around the array in a continuous fashion to avoid 'phase jumps' caused by sudden energy switches.
Promoción del desarrollo digital en Guatemala: Retos y acciones (2019)

Existen cada vez más evidencias de la relación entre la adopción de servicios de banda ancha, la transformación digital de los sectores productivos y el incremento de la producción interna de un país. Sin duda, la incorporación de las tecnologías digitales en productos y servicios habilita el aumento de la productividad y, a su vez, el desarrollo de la sociedad y la economía. Sin embargo, Guatemala todavía tiene un camino importante por delante en el fortalecimiento de su sector de conectividad digital. Las estadísticas sobre suscripciones a servicios de banda ancha sitúan el país a la cola de la región. En un momento en que todo el mundo tiene grandes expectativas puestas en las promesas de las nuevas tecnologías, como 5G, inteligencia artificial y computación cuántica, el rezago en infraestructura habilitadora clave de las tecnologías digitales coloca a Guatemala en una posición de desventaja respecto de otros países de la región y del mundo. Esta publicación describe el estado actual y recomendaciones de mejores prácticas para el desarrollo del sector de telecomunicaciones en el país, y bosqueja un conjunto de retos y desafíos para lograrlo. Para eso, se presenta un diagnóstico de línea base sobre el estado de las telecomunicaciones y la banda ancha en Guatemala que cubre la brecha de infraestructura, adopción, asequibilidad, políticas públicas y marco legal, y se identifican aspectos que podrían ser técnica y regulatoriamente viables para que las tecnologías de la información y la comunicación (TIC) sean el aporte transversal que otros mercados y sectores necesitan.
Supplementary Table 5 from Landscape of Combination Immunotherapy and Targeted Therapy to Improve Cancer Management (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Conditional logistic regression results for {greater than or equal to}192 NsM and gene mutations comparing Stage I and II to III and IV&lt;/p&gt;
Clinical Study Results of Baricitinib (JAK1/2 Inhibitor) (2021)

中等症から重症のアトピー性皮膚炎（AD）患者にバリシチニブを経口投与した 4 つの国際共同試験が実施された。その結果，16 週間の二重盲検プラセボ対照期間の評価で，単剤投与，ステロイド外用薬との併用のいずれの場合も，バリシチニブは AD 症状全般を投与開始早期から改善し，16 週間その改善を維持した。また AD 患者での忍容性が確認され，試験期間中に認められた有害事象は関節リウマチ患者で確認されている範囲内であった。以上より，バリシチニブは，中等症から重症の AD に対する有用な治療選択肢となることが期待される。
In Silico Molecular Docking of Marine Drugs Against Cancer Proteins (2013)

At present, the criteria used to select optimal new anticancer drug candidates include inhibitors of cell proliferation, essential reaction and pathways in cancerous cells. In silico approach resulting in the identification of essential reactions and pathways spreads across several parts of metabolism. The aim of our study is to study the interaction of broad spectrum antibiotic squalamine and LAQ824 with 4 selected anticancer drug target enzymes in Silico molecular docking approach. The ligand squalamine showed minimum binding energy −6.88 kcal/mol with promyleocytic leukemia (PDB ID1BOR) and − 5.68 kcal/mol with estrogen related receptor α (PDB ID-1XB7). Similarly, the compound LAQ824 showed minimum binding energy -6.77 kcal/mol with BRCA2 (PDB ID-1NOW). The compound squalamine interacted with several amino acid residues, of which glutamate was found to be common among all the target enzymes for protein and hydrogen bond formation. Likewise, lysine was found to be common among all the target enzymes for protein and hydrogen bond formation with LAQ824. Results of our study suggested that molecular docking approach could be a potential tool to identify the hydrogen bond interactions and the molecular mechanisms of diseases. It was concluded that squalamine and LAQ824 ligands would be of potent drug targets to treat various cancers based on the docking
Ironing out Parkinson's disease: is therapeutic treatment with iron chelators a real possibility? (2002)

Levels of iron are increased in the brains of Parkinson's disease (PD) patients compared to age-matched controls. This has been postulated to contribute to progression of the disease via several mechanisms including exacerbation of oxidative stress, initiation of inflammatory responses and triggering of Lewy body formation. In this minireview, we examine the putative role of iron in PD and its pharmacological chelation as a prospective therapeutic for the disease.
Ultra‐High Modulus Hydrogels Mimicking Cartilage of the Human Body (2022)

The human body is comprised of numerous types of cartilage with a range of high moduli, despite their high hydration. Owing to the limitations of cartilage tissue healing and biological grafting procedures, synthetic replacements have emerged but are limited by poorly matched moduli. While conventional hydrogels can achieve similar hydration to cartilage tissues, their moduli are substantially inferior. Herein, triple network (TN) hydrogels are prepared to synergistically leverage intra-network electrostatic repulsive and hydrophobic interactions, as well as inter-network electrostatic attractive interactions. They are comprised of an anionic 1<sup>st</sup> network, a neutral 2<sup>nd</sup> network (capable of hydrophobic associations), and a cationic 3<sup>rd</sup> network. Collectively, these interactions act synergistically as effective, yet dynamic crosslinks. By tuning the concentration of the cationic 3<sup>rd</sup> network, these TN hydrogels achieve high moduli of ≈1.5 to ≈3.5 MPa without diminishing cartilage-like water contents (≈80%), strengths, or toughness values. This unprecedented combination of properties poises these TN hydrogels as cartilage substitutes in applications spanning articulating joints, intervertebral discs (IVDs), trachea, and temporomandibular joint disc (TMJ).
750: Molecular Sub-Classification of Kidney Tumors by CDNA Microarray and the Discovery of New Diagnostic Markers (2004)

diagnosis. This tumor occurs exclusively in young patients with sickle cell trait or disease. To date, very little is known about the underlying molecular basis, nor is there effective treatment for patients with this tumor.
The Roles of Prolactin, Growth Hormone, Insulin-Like Growth Factor-I, and Thyroid Hormones in Lymphocyte Development and Function: Insights from Genetic Models of Hormone and Hormone Receptor Deficiency* (2000)

An extensive literature suggesting that PRL, GH, IGF-I, and thyroid hormones play an important role in immunity has evolved. Because the use of one or more of these hormones as immunostimulants in humans is being considered, it is of critical importance to resolve their precise role in immunity. This review addresses new experimental evidence from analysis of lymphocyte development and function in mice with genetic defects in expression of these hormones or their receptors that calls into question the presumed role played by some of these hormones and reveals unexpected effects of others. These recent findings from the mutant mouse models are integrated and placed in context of the wider literature on endocrine-immune system interactions. The hypothesis that will be developed is that, with the exception of a role for thyroid hormones in B cell development, PRL, GH, and IGF-I are not obligate immunoregulators. Instead, they apparently act as anabolic and stress-modulating hormones in most cells, including those of the immune system.
Crystal Structure of the Clathrate Form of Syndiotactic Poly(p-methylstyrene) Containing Benzene (2001)

The crystal structure of the β class clathrate of syndiotactic poly(p-methylstyrene) containing benzene is presented and compared to that of the clathrate containing tetrahydrofuran, also belonging to the β class. The structure is characterized by polymer chains, in s(2/1)2 helical conformation, and benzene molecules packed in an orthorhombic unit cell with axes a = 19.5 Å, b = 13.3 Å, and c = 7.7 Å, according to the space group C2221. The calculated crystalline density is 1.05 g/cm3 for two polymer chains (eight monomer units) and four benzene molecules included in the unit cell. Our analysis affords an insight into the structural features typical of the β class clathrates. As in the packing model proposed for the crystal structure of the s-PPMS clathrate containing tetrahydrofuran, the guest molecules occupy cavities delimited by isomorphic helices along the b axis and are related by the crystallographic 2-fold screw axis of the unit cell. The packing of the helices along the a axis is, instead, completely different in the two structures. bc layers of isochiral chains alternate with bc layers of chains having opposity chirality in the model proposed for the tetrahydrofuran clathrate. A new and unusual example of chiral crystalline phase, in which all the polymer helices assume the same chirality in the lattice, is proposed for the crystal structure of the benzene clathrate.
Subwavelength probing of surface plasmons in magnetoplasmonic crystals (2021)

Abstract In this work, we report on near-field studying of propagating surface plasmons (SPs) in one-dimensional magnetoplasmonic crystals (MPCs) by aperture type scanning near-field optical microscopy (SNOM). Optical near-field around the aperture probe is used to drive SPs in the MPC locally. The SNOM signal represents the scattered intensity caused by the interaction of the SNOM probe near-field with the MPC. Scanning the MPC surface with polarization resolving of the scattered radiation shows decreasing of the intensity due to the SP excitation. The observed polarization dependence of the scattered SNOM signal is associated with the selective coupling of the near-field components of the SNOM probe with SPs. Finite-difference time-domain simulations reproduce the experimental SNOM signal. It is shown the excitation of SPs with symmetric (even parity) field distribution, which is forbidden for plane wave source at normal incidence.
Efficiency Properties of Cerium-Doped Lanthanum Chloride (LaCl3:Ce) Single Crystal Scintillator under Radiographic X-ray Excitation (2022)

The aim of this study is to evaluate the suitability of crystalline scintillator LaCl3:Ce for possible use in hybrid medical imaging systems, such as PET/CT and SPECT/CT scanners. For this purpose, a single crystal (10 × 10 × 10 mm3) was irradiated by X-rays within the tube voltage range from 50 to 150 kVp, and the absolute efficiency (AE) was measured experimentally. The energy absorption efficiency (EAE), quantum detection efficiency (QDE), and the spectral compatibility with various optical detectors were also calculated with the use of mathematical formulas. The results were compared with published data for Bi4Ge3O12 (BGO), Lu2SiO5:Ce (LSO), and CdWO4 single crystals of equal dimensions, commonly used in medical imaging applications. The luminescence efficiency values of the examined crystal were found to be higher than those of LSO, BGO, and CdWO4 crystals, within the whole X-ray tube voltage range. In the matter of EAE, LaCl3:Ce demonstrated reduced performance with respect to LSO and CdWO4 crystals. The emission spectrum of LaCl3:Ce was found to be compatible with various types of photocathodes and silicon photomultipliers (SiPMs). Considering these properties, LaCl3:Ce crystal could be considered suitable for use in hybrid medical imaging systems.
Atomization of high viscosity liquid by a diesel nozzle. (1985)

ディーゼル機関での燃料の粗悪化,高粘度化に対処するため,噴射燃料の基礎となる噴射に及ぼす粘度の影響について,レーザ回折による粒径測定および噴射角の測定を行った。ふん囲気圧力,噴射力,液体の粘度を変化させて,その影響を調べ,粘度に及ぼす微粒化の限界を示した。高圧噴射を行うと粘度が高いほど平均粒径は増加するが,噴霧角はその影響を受けないことなどがわかった。
Characterization of Delivery Systems for Intensity Modulated Radiation Therapy Using a Step-and-Shoot Approach (2004)

Objective: In the step-and-shoot intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT), the superposition of many small area of distribution of short duration could potentially have a significant impact on the accuracy and precision of dose delivery. The purposes of our study were to evaluate the stability of dose delivery per monitor unit (MU) and the flatness and symmetry of the beams and relative output factor when applied to IMRT, and to realize the geometric and dosimetric characteristics of the multileaf collimator (MLC) system. Materials and Methods: The ion chambers and electrometer were used to measure the dose delivered per MU for 1 to 100 MU exposures. Relative output factors were measured using a 0.015 cm^3 pinpoint ion chamber for a series of square field with side lengths of 1, 2, 5, and 10 cm. The radiographic films were used for measuring the beam flatness, the beam symmetry, and the study of the MLC characteristics. Measurements included a determination of the penumbra width, leaf transmission, and tongue-and- groove effect. Films were analyzed using a scanner laser densitometer. Results: For 1 x 1 cm^2 field, a 2 mm deviation can lead to measured output that vary by as much as 10%. The dose delivered per MU was within ±2% for exposures more than 5 MU relative to a 100 MU exposure. The dose reduction of the tongue-and-groove effect at the depth of dmax (31.6%) was more serious than at the depth of 10 cm (29.3%). Measurements of 80%-20% penumbra widths at the depth of drnax (5.1-7.8 mm) were smaller than those at the 10 cm depth (7.8-9.6 mm). Conclusions: The exposure for each segment is recommended to be more than 5 MU to reach stability, and the characterization of the MLC system is necessary for clinical practice. We found that the performance of our accelerator is well suited to the delivery of step-and-shoot IMRT.
Expression and biological effect of urodele fibroblast growth factor 1: Relationship to limb regeneration (2002)

Fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) have been previously implicated in urodele limb regeneration. Here, we examined expression of FGF-1 by blastema cells and neurons and investigated its involvement in wound epithelial formation and function and in the trophic effect of nerves. Neurons innervating the limb and blastema cells in vivo and in vitro expressed the FGF-1 gene. The peptide was present in blastemas in vivo. Wound epithelium thickened when recombinant newt FGF-1 was provided on heparin-coated beads, demonstrating that the FGF-1 was biologically active and that the wound epithelium is a possible target tissue of FGF. FGF-1 did not stimulate accessory limb formation. FGF-1 was as effective as 10% fetal bovine serum in maintaining proliferative activity of blastema cells in vitro but was unable to maintain growth of denervated, nerve-dependent stage blastemas when provided on beads or by injection. FGF-1 had a strong stimulating effect on blastema cell accumulation and proliferation of limbs inserted into the body cavity that were devoid of an apical epithelial cap (AEC). These results show that FGF-1 can signal wound epithelium cap formation and/or function and can stimulate mesenchyme accumulation/proliferation in the absence of the AEC but that FGF-1 is not directly involved in the neural effect on blastema growth.
Real‐time demonstration of 30 Gbit/s hierarchical star 8‐QAM passive optical network employing fractionally‐spaced signed‐error radius directed equalisation (2016)

Real‐time demonstration of 30 Gbit/s hierarchical star 8‐quadrature amplitude modulation optical access system is presented. By incorporating a novel signed‐error radius directed equalisation algorithm with a fractionally‐spaced filter structure, the receiver supports high‐speed hierarchically‐modulated signals. The feasibility of the proposal is confirmed by demonstrating downlink coexistence in a 10 gigabit Ethernet passive optical network that conforms to IEEE 802.3av standards.
Comparison of colour emotions between designers and general customers (2001)

When we are viewing a colour, an associate feeling or emotion is induced in our brains. This feeling or emotion is termed as colour emotion. Conventionally, the selection of the colours for the products to be designed is based on the judgment of the designers. As different colours evoke different feelings or convey different meanings, their selection may not match the tastes of the target customer group. This study aims at comparing the colour emotions of designers and general customers, and investigating the similarity or difference in colour emotions between them. The observers in the visual assessments were all native Hong Kong Chinese and the colour emotion words were written in Chinese language in order to eliminate the cultural influence because different nationalities usually have different feelings to colours.
Moving Horizon Scheduling of an Air Separation Unit under Fast-Changing Energy Prices (2016)

Maximizing the benefits of time-of-use pricing for industrial electricity consumers requires varying production rates, such that energy use is shifted from peak price periods to off-peak times during the day. Assuming that excess capacity and product storage are available, production of energy intensive processes can be increased at off-peak times beyond nominal rates, and the stored product can be used at peak times when the production rate is lowered. Under these rapidly changing circumstances, scheduling calculations must take into consideration explicitly the dynamic model of the process, often rendering the scheduling problem intractable in practical amounts of time. To address this challenge, we introduce a class of scheduling-relevant low-order process models, which capture the closed-loop input-output behavior of a plant. We use these models to close the scheduling loop, whereby the scheduling problem is formulated over a moving horizon with feedback. We apply the theoretical concepts to an industrial-scale air separation unit model, demonstrating that variable production rate operation with product storage has the potential for significant operating cost savings while abiding by product quality and safety constraints.
345 Deletion of the baff receptor taci fully protects against sle without reduction of b cell numbers and function (2017)

<h3>Background and aims</h3> B cell-activating factor of the TNF family (BAFF) is an essential B cell survival factor. However, high levels of BAFF promote systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in mice and humans. Belimumab (anti-human BAFF) limits B cell survival and is approved for use in patients with SLE. Surprisingly, the efficacy of rituximab in SLE remains controversial, despite depleting B cells more potently than belimumab. This raises the question of whether B cell depletion is really the mechanism of action of belimumab. In BAFF transgenic (BAFF-Tg) mice , SLE development is T cell-independent but relies on innate activation of B cells in cooperation with the BAFF receptor TACI. Therefore, in this study we tested whether TACI, a BAFF receptor dispensable for B cell survival may have a role in the pathogenesis of SLE. <h3>Methods</h3> To test the role of TACI in driving BAFF-mediated autoimmunity, we reconstituted BAFF Tg mice with a TACI-deficient bone marrow and also crossed BAFF Tg mice onto TACI<sup>-/-</sup> mice. <h3>Results</h3> We show that loss of TACI on B cells protected against BAFF-mediated autoimmune manifestations while preserving B cells, suggesting that loss of BAFF signalling through TACI, rather than loss of B cells, may underpin the effect of belimumab in the clinic. Moreover, a multimeric form of BAFF, is very effective at activating TACI, suggesting that this abnormal form of BAFF may also be a pathogenic factor in SLE. <h3>Conclusions</h3> B cell-sparing blockade of TACI may offer a more specific and safer therapeutic alternative to broad B cell depletion in SLE.
Effect of gravity on brain structure as indicated on upright computed tomography (2021)

We aimed to use upright computed tomography (CT) to depict posture-related changes in the brain tissue under normal gravity. Thirty-two asymptomatic volunteers underwent upright CT in the sitting position and conventional CT in the supine position on the same day. We compared the shift of the pineal body, cerebellar tonsil, the length of pituitary stalk, optic nerve sheath area and perimeter (ONSA and ONSP, respectively), and lateral ventricular volume between the supine and sitting positions. We also compared shape changes of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) spaces at different sites between both positions. In the sitting position, the pineal body shifted 0.68 ± 0.27 mm in the ventral direction and 0.76 ± 0.24 mm in the caudal direction, the length of pituitary stalk decreased by 1.23 ± 0.71 mm, the cerebellar tonsil descended by 2.10 ± 0.86 mm, the right ONSA decreased by 15.21 ± 6.54%, the left ONSA decreased by 15.30 ± 7.37%, the right ONSP decreased by 8.52 ± 3.91%, the left ONSP decreased by 8.20 ± 4.38%, and the lateral ventricular volume decreased by 5.07 ± 3.24% (all P < 0.001). We also observed changes in the shape of CSF spaces with changes in posture. We concluded that the intracranial structure of healthy subjects and volume of ventricles changed according to posture on Earth.
Efficiency as a measure of size of a phased-array antenna (1973)

This communication addresses the problem of estimating the minimum size a phased-array antenna must have in order that analyses based on simple infinite-array models yield meaningful results. The measure of array size proposed herein is an efficiency parameter defined for an infinite array with truncated excitations. Numerical results are presented for arrays of slots and dipoles, showing the rate of convergence of the efficiency parameter for various spacings and scan angles. The conclusions deduced from this analysis as to the minimum array size are in substantial agreement with exact computations dealing with finite arrays published in the literature.