gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Constitutive expression of AP-1 transcription factors in the rat adrenal. Effects of nicotine. (1992)

The AP-1 proteins (c-fos and fos-related antigens and jun proteins) are transcription factors that are induced in most cells by various stimuli, but the expression of these proteins is low or undetectable in the basal state. Our data indicate that the rat adrenal gland contains a basally expressed elevated level of AP-1 proteins and mRNAs (40- and 35-kDa fos-related antigens, a 39-kDa c-jun protein, c-jun, junB, and junD mRNA), as well as high basal AP-1 DNA binding activity. Both the medulla and cortex contained equivalent levels of fos-related antigens and c-jun protein; however, the majority of AP-1 DNA binding was detected in the medulla. Handling of rats for several days prior to sacrifice failed to affect protein expression or binding; on the other hand, repeated injections of nicotine increased AP-1 DNA binding. A single nicotine injection 60 min prior to removing the adrenals caused a significant reduction in AP-1 DNA binding without any detectable changes in AP-1 protein expression. Pretreatment of adrenal nuclear extracts with alkaline phosphatase prior to incubation with the AP-1 oligomer decreased binding activity. Thus, unlike most tissues where AP-1 DNA binding activity is controlled by increased expression of AP-1 proteins, DNA binding in the rat adrenal gland appears to be controlled at the post-translational level, possibly through dephosphorylation.
Error control using retransmission schemes in multicast transport protocols for real-time media (1996)

We analyze different retransmission (ARQ) schemes for error control in multicast protocols geared toward real-time, multimedia applications. We discuss why retransmission schemes are not inappropriate for such applications, but in fact can be quite effective. We present a quantitative analysis of such schemes, as well as simulation results, taking into account four different parameters (and not just the source throughput): (1) the probability of dropping a packet due to limited time for retransmissions; (2) the average time required to deliver a packet correctly to end receivers; (3) the number of times a packet will be retransmitted; and (4) the cost to the network, in terms of packet duplications, of retransmitting a packet. We reach the counter-intuitive conclusion that the optimum scheme, in terms of all four of the above parameters, in the most general scenarios (where several hosts with widely varying propagation delays and 'quality of connections' are participating in the session) is to immediately retransmit packets-preferably multicast-upon reception of a NACK from any receiver. We also demonstrate, again through quantitative analysis, the circumstances under which it would be beneficial (as well as those under which it would be counter-productive) to multicast control messages in the hope of suppressing duplicates and preventing the source from being overwhelmed by control messages.
Towards the Development of Oxadiazinanones as Chiral Auxiliaries: Synthesis and Application of N3‐Haloacetyloxadiazinanones. (2006)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Ezetimibe Inhibits Expression of Acid Sphingomyelinase in Liver and Intestine (2009)

Ezetimibe inhibits cholesterol absorption in the intestine. Sphingomyelin has strong interactions with cholesterol. We investigated the effects of ezetimibe on Sphingomyelinase (SMase) expression in intestine and liver. After feeding rats with ezetimibe (5 mg/kg per day) for 14 days, acid SMase activities in the liver and in the proximal part of small intestine were reduced by 34 and 25%, respectively. Alkaline SMase (alk-SMase) was increased in the proximal part of the small intestine. Administration of lower doses of ezetimibe reduced acid SMase only in the liver by 14% (P < 0.05). In cell culture studies, ezetimibe decreased acid SMase activity in Hep G2 and Caco-2 cells dose-dependently. The reductions were more rapid for Hep G2 cells than for Caco-2 cells. Western blot showed that acid SMase protein was decreased in both Hep G2 and Caco-2 cells by 100 microM ezetimibe. The SM content was increased in Hep G2 cells but not Caco-2 cells, and total cholesterol content was increased in both cell lines 24 h after stimulation with 100 microM ezetimibe. Mevastatin, the inhibitor of cholesterol synthesis, induced a mild increase in acid SMase activity in Hep G2 cells but not Caco-2 cells. Following the reduction of acid SMase, ezetimibe at high dose slightly increased alk-SMase activity. In conclusion, the study demonstrates an inhibitory effect of ezetimibe on acid SMase activity and expression in both liver and intestine.
Volume reconstruction and parallel rendering algorithms: a comparative analysis (1993)

This work focuses on two issues of concern to designers and implementers of volume-rendering applications--finding the most efficient rendering method that provides the best image possible, and efficiently parallelizing the computation on multicomputers to render images as quickly as possible.
Three volume rendering methods: ray casting, splatting, and volume shearing, are compared with respect to their reconstruction accuracy and computational expense. The computational expense of the rendering methods is modeled and measured on several workstations. The most-efficient rendering method of the three is found to be splatting. Three reconstruction-filter kernels are evaluated for their accuracy. Two error measurement methods are used. The first is image-based and uses a heuristic metric for measuring the difference between rendered images and reference images. The second method is analytical and uses a scale-space measure of feature size to compute an error bound as a function of feature size and sampling density. Of the three filter kernels tested, the separable cubic filter to found to produce the most-accurate reconstruction of the volume function.
Parallel volume-rendering algorithms may be classified and described by the partitioning of tasks and data within the system. A taxonomy of algorithms is presented and the members are analyzed in terms of their communication requirements. Three optimal algorithm-classes are revealed: image partitions with both static and dynamic data distributions, and object partitions with contiguous dynamic block data distributions. Through analysis and experimental tests, a 2D mesh network-topology is shown to be sufficient for scalable performance with an object-partition algorithm when the image size is kept constant. Furthermore, the network-channel bandwidth-requirement actually decreases as the problem is scaled to a larger system and volume data size.
Implementations on Pixel-Planes 5 and the Touchstone Delta demonstrate and verify the scalability of object partitions. As part of these implementations, a new load balancing approach is demonstrated for object-partition algorithms.
- Activation of TRP Channels in Mammalian Systems (2016)

Cation channels encoded by the gene superfamily of transient receptor potentials (TRPs) are characterized by a wide variety of activation triggers that act from outside and inside the cell., Because of the molecular identification of Drosophila TRP, functional characterizations of recombinant TRP homologues and gene knockout mice have indeed revealed a plethora of stimuli that activate TRP channels (Table 3.1). In addition, respective TRP homologues are susceptible to multiple activation triggers and can function as multimodal sensors. This diversity in activation properties likely contributes to widening the body’s ability to react and adapt to different forms of environmental change by sensing and integrating information. In this chapter, we provide an overview of the activation triggers for mammalian TRP channels and discuss the physiological significance of activation sensitivity. Because we concentrate on “mammalian” TRPs here, readers who are interested in activation of invertebrate TRPs are referred to Chapters 20 and 21 of this book and other excellent reviews.–
Devenir de la crème Tho-Radia. Lefebvre (Thierry), Raynal (Cécile), Les Métamorphoses de Tho-Radia : Paris-Vichy. Paris, Éditions Glyphe, 2013 (2014)

Bonnemain Bruno. Devenir de la crème Tho-Radia. Lefebvre (Thierry), Raynal (Cécile), Les Métamorphoses de Tho-Radia : Paris-Vichy. Paris, Éditions Glyphe, 2013. In: Revue d'histoire de la pharmacie, 101e année, N. 381, 2014. pp. 137-138.
Collagen and Elastin Biomaterials for the Fabrication of Engineered Living Tissues (2016)

Collagen and elastin represent the two most predominant proteins in the body and are responsible for modulating important biological and mechanical properties. Thus, the focus of this review is the use of collagen and elastin as biomaterials for the fabrication of living tissues. Considering the importance of both biomaterials, we first propose the notion that many tissues in the human body represent a reinforced composite of collagen and elastin. In the rest of the review, collagen and elastin biosynthesis and biophysics, as well as molecular sources and biomaterial fabrication methodologies, including casting, fiber spinning, and bioprinting, are discussed. Finally, we summarize the current attempts to fabricate a subset of living tissues and, based on biochemical and biomechanical considerations, suggest that future tissue-engineering efforts consider direct incorporation of collagen and elastin biomaterials.
Entecavir treatment in kidney transplant recipients infected with hepatitis B (2014)

Although nucleotide/side analogs improve the clinical outcome of hepatitis B surface antigen-positive (HBsAg+) kidney transplant recipients (KTR), a significant proportion of subjects have developed resistance to lamivudine (LAM). We retrospectively analyzed the efficacy and tolerability of entecavir (ETV) in HBsAg+ KTR at Queen Mary Hospital during 2005-2013. Twenty-one patients (10 treatment-naïve, 11 with LAM resistance) were included (duration of ETV treatment 34.7 ± 22.9 months, range 6-75 months). ETV treatment led to a decline of hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA titer compared to baseline and is more significant in the treatment-naïve group (treatment-naïve: p = 0.028, <0.001 and <0.001; LAM-resistant p = 0.273, 0.180, and 0.109 after 12, 24, and 36 months). The cumulative rate of HBV DNA undetectability at 12, 24, and 36 months was 60%, 100%, and 100% for treatment-naïve group, and 27%, 45%, and 45% for LAM-resistant group, respectively. Time-to-HBV DNA undetectability and time-to-alanine transaminase (ALT) normalization were 15.7 ± 4.6 and 12.6 ± 3.7 months for treatment-naïve patients, and 24.5 ± 4.2 and 28.2 ± 3.5 months for those with LAM resistance. Genotypic resistance to ETV emerged after 20.0 ± 3.5 months with increase in ALT and HBV DNA in two patients with LAM resistance, but was not observed in the treatment-naïve group. Allograft dysfunction, de novo cirrhosis, or hepatocellular carcinoma did not occur during follow-up.
Retinoic acid metabolizing factor xCyp26c is specifically expressed in neuroectoderm and regulates anterior neural patterning in Xenopus laevis (2008)

Anterior-posterior neural patterning is determined during gastrulation when head structure is induced. Induction of anterior neural structures requires inhibition of Wnt signaling by several Wnt antagonists. We performed microarray analysis to isolate genes regulated by canonical Wnt signaling and abundantly expressed in the anterior neuroectoderm at the early neurula stage. We identified xCyp26c, a Cyp26 (RA-metabolizing protein)-family gene. In situ hybridization showed xCyp26c expression restricted to the anterior region of neurula, while xCyp26a was expressed in both anterior and posterior regions. At the tadpole stage, xCyp26c was also expressed in restricted sets of cranial nerves. Microarray, RT-PCR and in situ hybridization analyses revealed decreased xCyp26c expression with overexpression of beta-catenin, suggesting regulation by Wnt/beta-catenin signaling. We also assessed the effects of retinoic acid (RA) on xCyp26c expression. Embryos treated with 10(-7) M RA showed an anterior shift in the spatial expression of xCyp26c, reflecting a posteriorization effect. Conversely, expression patterns in embryos treated with more than 10(-6) M RA were less affected and remained restricted to the most anterior region. Moreover, injection of xCyp26c mRNA into animal poles caused head defects, and exogenous expression of xCyp26c rescued the posteriorizing effect of RA treatment. Taken together, these results implicated a role for xCyp26c in anterior patterning via RA signaling.
Immunogenicity of Nef Protein of SIV SMM-PBj14 Expressed in a Live Vaccine Strain of Salmonella Species (1994)

The nef gene of an infectious molecular clone of SIVSMM isolate PBj14 was fused to the glutathione S-transferase gene of Schistosoma japonicum to generate plasmid pEMC100. The recombinant plasmid was placed in an aroA live vaccine Salmonella dublin strain, and the production of GST-Nef protein was induced by exposure to IPTG. The fusion protein was purified and administered as vaccine to BALB/c mice by i.p. injection. Several doses of the purified fusion protein produced an earlier anti-GST-Nef response, without an anti-GST response, than did IPTG-induced Salmonella live vaccine containing an equal amount (0.1 microgram) of fusion protein, apparently because of the transient immunosuppressive effect of live vaccine given by injection. The highest anti-GST-Nef titers were obtained by a third immunization schedule in which mice were treated with a priming inoculum of induced live vaccine followed, after the predicted immunosuppressed interval, by two i.p. doses of 1 microgram of purified GST-Nef protein with Ribi adjuvant. The data presented here demonstrate that SL5928 aroA, an attenuated S. dublin strain, can be used as a live vaccine carrier to express Nef protein of SIVSMM-PBj14, one of the most acutely pathogenic primate lentiviruses so far described.
Bio‐Inspired Carbon Monoxide Sensors with Voltage‐Activated Sensitivity (2017)

Abstract Carbon monoxide (CO) outcompetes oxygen when binding to the iron center of hemeproteins, leading to a reduction in blood oxygen level and acute poisoning. Harvesting the strong specific interaction between CO and the iron porphyrin provides a highly selective and customizable sensor. We report the development of chemiresistive sensors with voltage‐activated sensitivity for the detection of CO comprising iron porphyrin and functionalized single‐walled carbon nanotubes (F‐SWCNTs). Modulation of the gate voltage offers a predicted extra dimension for sensing. Specifically, the sensors show a significant increase in sensitivity toward CO when negative gate voltage is applied. The dosimetric sensors are selective to ppm levels of CO and functional in air. UV/Vis spectroscopy, differential pulse voltammetry, and density functional theory reveal that the in situ reduction of Fe III to Fe II enhances the interaction between the F‐SWCNTs and CO. Our results illustrate a new mode of sensors wherein redox active recognition units are voltage‐activated to give enhanced and highly specific responses.
Pairwise $T_S$ - Spaces (2012)

The aim of this paper is to introduce the concept of pairwise $T_ S$ - space and study its basic properties in bitopological spaces.
Meta-implementation of vectorized logarithm function in binary floating-point arithmetic (2018)

Besides scalar instructions, modern micro-architectures also provide support for vector instructions. They enable to treat packed inputs (typically 4 or 8) in a single instruction. The challenge is now to write vector programs to support mathematical functions like sin, cos, exp, log, ... which efficiently exploit those vector instructions. This article focuses on the design of vectorized implementation of log(x) function, and more particularly on its automation for different formats and micro-architectures. First it rewrites a classic range reduction in a branchless fashion so as to use at best recent micro-architecture features, like rcp (reciprocal) instruction, and to treat all inputs in the same flow. Second it details rigorously how to achieve “faithfully rounded” implementations. Third it shows how to automate this implementation process using the MetaLibm framework, on SSE/AVX and AVX2 supporting micro-architectures. Finally we illustrate that this process enables to achieve high throughput implementations for the binary32 and binary64 formats in a fully automated way.
Lingual striated muscle hamartoma or herniation? (2004)

Three grouped, small polypoid lesions were removed from the right lateral border of tongue of a healthy male aged 12 years. They were composed of packed, mature striated muscle fibres covered by oral epithelium and thinned lamina propria. Hamartomatous growth of striated muscle, or herniation through underdeveloped lamina propria is postulated to explain the exceedingly rare clinicopathological features.
Sensor Composite Faults Estimation and Control for Hypersonic Flight Vehicle (2018)

This study presents a sensor composite faults estimation and fault-tolerant control (FTC) for a nonlinear Takagi-Sugeno (T-S) fuzzy model of hypersonic flight vehicle (HFV). A novel generalized fuzzy observer is designed to estimate sensor cascading faults integrating constant offset and time-varying gain faults. Then, a fault accommodation is addressed to compensate the faults through estimation results. The sufficient condition for the existence of the fuzzy observer and controller is derived based on Lyapunov theory. Simulation results illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed fault estimation and FTC scheme.
Supplementary Data from Serial Profiling of Circulating Tumor DNA Identifies Dynamic Evolution of Clinically Actionable Genomic Alterations in High-Risk Neuroblastoma (2023)

Supplementary Data from Serial Profiling of Circulating Tumor DNA Identifies Dynamic Evolution of Clinically Actionable Genomic Alterations in High-Risk Neuroblastoma
Temperature Impact on Surface Roughness Modeling for On-Package High Speed Interconnects (2018)

The introduction of new dielectrics and adhesion promotion techniques for future interconnect technology generations is one of the key enablers for lower loss and higher bandwidth. However, temperature increase due to active die or environmental factors can cause variations in material properties and loss, which is required to be included in modeling assumptions to be able to set realistic specifications. High temperature can account for significant increase in dielectric loss and decrease in bulk conductivity. The former becomes less critical considering today's on-package high speed interconnect loss is largely dominated by conductors due to thinner substrate. The latter has a loss impact only at low frequencies due to skin effect, and high frequency conductor loss is considerably influenced by surface roughness. This paper presents a systematic methodology to show temperature impact on surface roughness modeling for on-package high speed interconnects. Correlation to high fidelity insertion loss measurements at different temperatures indicates the roughness correction factor extracted at one temperature does not fit all, necessitating an explicit temperature dependence for surface roughness models.
A 7-channel level generator chip for a VLSI digital tester (2002)

The automatic test equipment (ATE) level generator chip integrates all the per-pin analog levels required in a VLSI digital tester. This system chip was specified and defined at an architectural level by ATE engineers and implemented using a building block approach by the semicustom supplier working from standard function cells. The chip is integrated on an n-well junction-isolated merged bipolar-CMOS process build on a p wafer with a p epitaxial layer. BiCMOS has self-aligned polysilicon gate PMOS and NMOS devices and n-p-n, lateral, and vertical p-n-p devices. The process includes laser-trimmed thin film resistors and two-layer metal interconnect.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
VISCOELASTICITY OF GELATINIZED STARCH DISPERSIONS (1992)

ABSTRACT Data are presented for the elastic moduli of gelatinised dispersions of a range of starch types, including native and chemically modified starches, over a much wider concentration range than examined heretofore. As found previously, there is a threshold concentration for measurable elasticity, near the close‐packing point, and a concentration region above this over which elasticity increases roughly linearly with concentration. A second, higher, “threshold” concentration at which a fairly sharp slope change occurred was also found. Three types of behaviour were found, apparently corresponding to the distinction between chemically modified starches, root and tuber starches, and cereal starches. At the second threshold concentration these, respectively, showed a significant fall in slope, little or no slope change and a marked slope increase. A recent study (Evans and Lips 1990) has provided a useful description of the elastic properties of concentrated dispersions of model deformable particles. Comparison between the behaviour of the “baseline” model dispersions with that of the starch dispersions examined here reveals significant similarities, especially when considering the behaviour of the chemically modified starches. There are some noteworthy differences which raise important questions about the structural origins of the rheological properties of starches and we briefly speculate about these.
Mutation Ala171Thr Stabilizes the Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Receptor in Its Inactive Conformation, Causing Familial Hypogonadotropic Hypogonadism (2003)

Mutations of the GnRH receptor have been recognized as a cause of familial gonadotropin deficiency. We here identify and functionally characterize a novel human GnRH receptor variant bearing an Ala(171)Thr substitution located at transmembrane helix 4 (TMH4). The affected kindred displays severe hypogonadotropic hypogonadism. After in vitro expression in human embryonic kidney 293T cells, the Ala(171)Thr mutant GnRH receptor exhibited a lack of phospholipase C activity in signal transduction. Specific receptor binding of (125)I-labeled GnRH ligand was undetectable in Ala(171)Thr GnRH receptor-transfected cells. Molecular modeling and dynamic simulation of the Ala(171)Thr GnRH receptor suggests the introduction of a stable hydrogen bond between residue Thr(171) and Tyr(119) side-chains at a distance of 2 A. Although spatially distant from the GnRH ligand-binding site, this hydrogen bond impedes conformational mobility of the TMH3 and TMH4 domains required for sequential ligand binding and receptor activation, thus stabilizing the GnRH receptor in its inactive conformation. Receptor structure modeling and functional data provide a comprehensive molecular view of how mutation Ala(171)Thr causes a complete loss of GnRH receptor function.
Effective interaction potential and ordered structures of dust particles in a gas-discharge plasma (1999)

An effective potential is proposed for the interaction between dust particles in a gas-discharge plasma which takes account of the following physical factors: the spatial dependence of the particle charges on the floating potential of the plasma, anisotropy of the interaction, resulting from focusing of the negatively charged particles of the drift ion current, and aspects of screening of the dust particles by plasma electrons and ions which interact strongly with them and recombine faster in their vicinity and on their surface. Monte Carlo calculations explain the formation of threadlike structures of dispersed particles, and also “transverse crystallization” of these “threads” in a stratified gas-discharge plasma.