gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Composition of heavy petroleums. 1. Molecular weight, hydrogen deficiency, and heteroatom concentration as a function of atmospheric equivalent boiling point up to 1400.degree.F (760.degree.C) (1987)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTComposition of heavy petroleums. 1. Molecular weight, hydrogen deficiency, and heteroatom concentration as a function of atmospheric equivalent boiling point up to 1400.degree.F (760.degree.C)Mieczyslaw M. BoduszynskiCite this: Energy Fuels 1987, 1, 1, 2–11Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1987Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1987https://doi.org/10.1021/ef00001a001Request reuse permissionsArticle Views1518Altmetric-Citations203LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (992 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Breakage of transgenic tobacco roots for monoclonal antibody release in an ultra‐scale down shearing device (2013)

Transgenic tobacco roots offer a potential alternative to leaves for monoclonal antibody (MAb) production. A possible method for extraction of MAbs from roots is by homogenization, breaking the roots into fragments to release the antibody. This process was assessed by shearing 10 mm root sections ("roots") in a 24 mL ultra-scale down shearing device, including an impeller with serrated blade edges, intended to mimic the action of a large-scale homogenizer. Size distributions of the remaining intact roots and root fragments were obtained as a function of shearing time. The data suggest that about 36% of the roots could not be broken under the prevailing conditions and, beyond these unbreakable roots, the fragmentation was approximately first order with respect to intact root number. It was postulated that root breakage in such a high shearing device was due to root-impeller collisions and the particle size data suggest that roots colliding with the impeller were completely fragmented into debris particles of the order of 0.1 mm in length. IgG release normalized to release by grinding appeared to lag behind the number of roots that had fragmented, suggesting that a process of leakage followed fragmentation in the ultra-scale down shearing device.
Anaerobic thin-layer electrochemical cell for planar optically transparent electrodes (1982)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAnaerobic thin-layer electrochemical cell for planar optically transparent electrodesEdmond F. Bowden, David J. Cohen, and Fred M. HawkridgeCite this: Anal. Chem. 1982, 54, 6, 1005–1008Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1982Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1982https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac00243a040https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00243a040research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views110Altmetric-Citations13LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Tertiary Alkyl Amines from Terminal Alkenes: Copper‐Catalyzed Amination of Alkyl Boranes. (2012)

Abstract The one‐pot reaction involves the hydroboration of the alkenes, followed by a novel amination of the formed alkylboranes with O‐benzoyl hydroxylamines in the presence of a copper‐carbene catalyst to give the tertiary amines exclusively as anti‐Markovnikov products.
Intelligent Bio-Plastic Performing Shape-Memory and Recycling (2008)

We developed a new intelligent poly(lactic acid) (PLA) derivative that performs recyclable shape-memory by cross-linking with a thermo-reversible bonding. This bonding based on a DielsAlder reaction provides the PLA derivative with excellent shape-memory due to its cross-linked structure below the bond-association temperature and enables it to be recycled by melting it above the bond-dissociation temperature.
Proteoglycans from experimental osteoarthritic cartilage: degradation by neutral metalloproteases. (1987)

This study deals with the analysis of the structure of cartilage proteoglycans in experimental osteoarthritis. We have demonstrated that chondrocytes in osteoarthritic cartilage synthesize proteoglycans which have the same functional characteristics as those of normal cartilage. Osteoarthritic cartilage contains metallodependent proteoglycan degrading enzymes, in both active and latent forms. These enzymes degrade both synthesized and endogenous proteoglycan macromolecules, as indicated by the reduced hydrodynamic size found in both proteoglycan populations in osteoarthritic cartilage treated with APMA. Our results also suggest the possibility that proteolytic degradation can occur at both the hyaluronate-binding region and in the chondroitin-sulfate-rich region of the proteoglycan core protein.
Gold–Platinum Bimetallic Nanoclusters for Oxidase-like Catalysis (2020)

Guanosine monophosphate (GMP)-protected bimetallic nanoclusters of gold and platinum, Au–PtNCs-GMP, were prepared through an improved hydrothermal method under basic conditions, which show high catalytic activity for the oxidation of 3,3′,5,5′-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) and 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) under ambient conditions. Further systematic optimization of synthesis provides the best catalyst by feeding the materials 0.8 mM HAuCl4, 0.2 mM H2PtCl6, 4.0 mM NaOH, and 3.0 mM GMP, which reacted at 120 °C for 30 min, which show an initial maximum velocity (Vmax) of 253.8 × 10–8 M s–1 for TMB as the substrate. Such a value is at the top among the oxidase mimetics reported, which is essentially attributed to the synergistic effect between two metals in the small nanocluster. Moreover, the achieved Au–PtNCs-GMP show a short reaction time of 60 s for the oxidation of substrates, which is much faster than the previously reported ones. The in-depth mechanistic studies by 1H and 31P NMR spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy of the optimized Au–PtNCs-GMP reveal them to be of ultrasmall size with a unique ligand structure, particularly the synergistic effect between the two metals endow the product with a high catalytic performance. Therefore, the present study not only provides a novel bimetallic nanocluster as a good catalyst with highly efficient oxidase mimetics but also opens a way for the development of other oxidase mimetics.
A study on the post-radiotherapy changes of temporomandibular joint in nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients (2017)

The TMJ in post-RT NPC patients showed reduction of disc thickness, increase of CI and JV. Patients with trismus demonstrated thinner disc thickness and higher JV than those without trismus. Advances in knowledge: Our study was the first cross-sectional comparative study involving over 100 patients and normal subjects that used ultrasound to assess the radiation-induced morphological changes of TMJ. Post-RT TMJ changes characterized by the reduction of disc thickness, increase of CI and JV were detected in the NPC patients. The parameters used in this study were able to detect the morphological differences between the patient group and control group, and therefore can be effectively used to monitor the TMJ condition of post-RT NPC patients.
VASCULARIZED FIBULAR OSTEOCUTANEOUS GRAFT: SURGICAL TECHNIQUE AND CLINICAL STUDY (1990)

This paper presents a detailed description of the dissection of the vascularized fibular osteocutaneous graft. The fibular graft is vascularized by the peroneal artery. A cutaneous vessel takes origin from the peroneal artery within 2 cm of the fibular midpoint in more than 90% of legs. The reliability of this vessel allows a skin island to be transferred with bone, to act as a monitor of vascularity and provide for skin loss. Ten clinical cases confirmed the reliability of the surgical dissection when centred at the midpoint of the fibula.
Sigmatropic Rearrangement of Uronic Acid Derived Saccharide Allyl Ketene Acetals. A Study of Stereochemistry and Structural Limitations (1999)

Allyl ketene acetal Claisen rearrangement of urinoc acid derivatives with furanoside structure was studied. Reproducibility of the observed stereodiscrimination was confirmed in the conversion of enantiomeric starting materials. From X-ray structural data of the major reaction product obtained from a cis-pentenyl uronate, the transition state was proven to preferentially adopt a chair-like geometry. Alterations in the protecting group pattern led to a significant decrease in total yields. Use of β-deoxygenated starting material allowed a greater extent of variation, but was accompanied by the total loss of stereodiscrimination. For the first time, the reaction was applied to pyranoid starting material structures. The conversion of a gluco-configurated compound remaining unsuccessful, with the corresponding galacto and 4-deoxy derivatives an interesting stereoselectivity could be observed. This was lost by further structural simplification to a 1,4-dideoxypyranoid ring. This way, however, a substantial improvement in yield could be achieved.
High Dynamic Range and Wide Color Gamut Video Coding in HEVC: Status and Potential Future Enhancements (2015)

As the video industry begins deployment of ultrahigh-definition TV in both professional and consumer markets, including support for higher dynamic range and wider color gamut services is considered essential within the industry. Higher dynamic range and wider color gamut offer end users a significantly enhanced viewing experience by supporting intensity ranges and colors unattainable in existing distribution ecosystems. In response to this trend, several standardization organizations have launched efforts to better enable these features in both short term and midterm. In this paper, we provide a survey of these standardization activities, with the specific goal of providing a summary of the underlying technologies. Our emphasis is on both existing and potential extensions to the High Efficiency Video Coding standard.
Nano-SiC added Ag paste sintering die-attach for SiC power devices (2014)

Low temperature and low pressure sintering Ag paste composed by sub-micro Ag particle and organic solvent was presented. The apparent improvement of bonding strength was realized by adding small amount of nano thickness Ag flake. Optimum proportion of sub-micro particle and nano thickness flake was determined. Nano-SiC particles were added into the optimized paste for sake of the possibility of properties advancement. The electrical property of newly developed Ag paste was measured by an improved test method. SiC die attachment and DBC (Direct Bonding Cu) substrate was conducted to test the practical application prospect of newly developed Nano-SiC added Ag paste.
An internal resistance estimation method of lithium-ion batteries with constant current tests considering thermal effect (2017)

This paper proposes a method for estimating internal resistance (R) of lithium-ion batteries considering R is a function of state of charge (SOC), current rate (I) and battery temperature (T <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">bat</sub> ). Based on electrochemical mechanism of the batteries and general tests with a general testbed, the method designs a set of parameter estimation algorithm to estimate R. Compared with other methods such as Hybrid Power Pulse Characterization (HPPC) method with discrete R-SOC results and constant current test (CCT) method with no consideration of T <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">bat</sub> influence, this method can provide continuous R-SOC results with more R-SOC information and more accuracy by considering thermal effects. The algorithm details are discussed and test results verify the advantages.
Effect of 3′‐azido‐3′‐deoxythymidine on replication of duck hepatitis B virus in vivo and in vitro (1989)

3'-Azido-3'-deoxythymidine (AZT) inhibits the replication of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) by blocking the formation of the phosphodiester bond and has been used clinically for the treatment of HIV infection. To assess the effect of AZT on the replication of hepadnaviruses, which replicate through reverse transcription, both the liver tissue and primary cultured hepatocytes from ducklings previously infected with duck hepatitis B virus (DHBV) were examined for DHBV DNA before and after the treatment with AZT. We did not observe suppression of DHBV replication at any doses in our system as measured by viral DNA synthesis in infected duck hepatocytes. The data strongly suggest that AZT has no inhibitory effect on DHBV reverse transcriptase.
Sorption properties of cation-exchanged beta zeolites (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSorption properties of cation-exchanged beta zeolitesK. S. N. Reddy, M. J. Eapen, H. S. Soni, and V. P. ShiralkarCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1992, 96, 20, 7923–7928Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100199a020https://doi.org/10.1021/j100199a020research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views192Altmetric-Citations20LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Variable low‐mass filtering using an electrodynamic ion funnel (2005)

An adjustable low-mass filter has been developed for an electrospray ionization (ESI) source to block ions associated with unwanted background species from entering the mass spectrometer. The low-mass filter is made by using an adjustable potential energy barrier from the conductance-limiting plate of an electrodynamic ion funnel, which prohibits species with higher ion mobilities from exiting the ESI source. We show that this arrangement provides a linear voltage adjustment for low-mass filtering from m/z 0 to 500. Mass filtering above m/z 500 is also performed; however, higher-mass species are attenuated. The mass filter was tested with a liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS) analysis of a bovine serum albumin (BSA) tryptic digest and resulted in the ability to block low-mass, background species, which accounted for 40-70% of the total ion current immediately behind the ESI source during peak elution and detection.
White-light interference fringe detection using color CCD camera (2009)

We describe in this paper a pilot experiment of a white-light fringe analysis with a low-cost color CCD camera. The used detection technique employs the phase-crossing algorithm which identifies the zero optical path difference as the point where the phase difference between the red, green and blue part of the white-light interference fringe becomes equal to zero. An experimental arrangement is based on superluminescent LED diode. The experimental setup is designed to be a crucial part of the complex system for automatic contactless diagnostic and calibration of gauge blocks.
Nutritional management for enteric methane abatement: a review (2008)

A variety of nutritional management strategies that reduce enteric methane (CH4) production are discussed. Strategies such as increasing the level of grain in the diet, inclusion of lipids and supplementation with ionophores (&gt;24 ppm) are most likely to be implemented by farmers because there is a high probability that they reduce CH4 emissions in addition to improving production efficiency. Improved pasture management, replacing grass silage with maize silage and using legumes hold some promise for CH4 mitigation but as yet their impact is not sufficiently documented. Several new strategies including dietary supplementation with saponins and tannins, selection of yeast cultures and use of fibre-digesting enzymes may mitigate CH4, but these still require extensive research. Most of the studies on reductions in CH4 from ruminants due to diet management are short-term and focussed only on changes in enteric emissions. Future research must examine long-term sustainability of reductions in CH4 production and impacts on the entire farm greenhouse gas budget.
Why cells need intramembrane proteases – a mechanistic perspective (2015)

Intramembrane proteases (IMPRs) cleave transmembrane proteins inside the lipid bilayer. They regulate a growing number of biological processes, and our knowledge about the evolutionary and functional niches these unusual enzymes have filled is slowly unravelling. Although structures of representative members of four IMPR families have been solved, the mechanism of substrate recognition and cleavage is still poorly understood. Here I offer a view on substrate recognition by IMPRs from the angle of their biological functions. Zooming in on rhomboid proteases I delineate the emerging principles and areas of contention, and argue that by studying the mechanisms, specificity and natural substrate repertoires of IMPRs we can understand the properties for which they have been selected in evolution.
Noise reduction of honeycomb sandwich panels with acoustic mesh caps. (2009)

The noise reduction effectiveness of acoustic mesh septa caps in composite honeycomb sandwich panels was evaluated. The acoustic mesh in the cells acted as a lightweight resonator in weight-critical aerospace structures. Nylon mesh was inserted into the honeycomb cells of the sandwich panels, and the acoustic absorption (AA) and transmission loss (TL) of the panels were measured using a normal incidence impedance tube. Single septa inserted into each cell yielded consistent improvements of 2 dB in TL over low- to mid-frequencies (50–1600 Hz). A double layer of septa further increased these acoustic properties in the mid-frequency range by an additional 2 dB. Varying the size of the mesh-weave had a significant effect. AA of the panels improved by a factor of 2 for the single septa and was further increased by perforating the panel facesheet. Results of the facesheet perforation were consistent with predicted values. Over low- to mid-frequencies, septa yielded measurable sound-mitigating results for a small weight addition with no change to the mechanical performance of the panels.
Experimental conditions affecting ribonucleic acid polymerase in isolated rat liver nuclei. Effect of nucleoside triphosphate concentration, temperature, ammonium sulphate and heparin (1969)

1. The conditions affecting the activity of RNA polymerase in isolated rat liver nuclei were studied with Mg(2+) or Mn(2+) as activating ions. 2. The enzyme assayed with Mg(2+) and at low ionic strength is saturated by a lower concentration of nucleotide substrates than if assayed with Mn(2+) at low ionic strength or with either ion at high ionic strength. 3. At low and at high ionic strength the incorporation of AMP is affected in a similar way by variations in the temperature of incubation. Preincubation at 37 degrees impairs the AMP incorporation. 4. Heparin stimulates the RNA polymerase activity in the presence of Mn(2+). 5. Both ammonium sulphate and heparin ;restart' the reaction if added after 15min., the effect being more marked with ammonium sulphate than with heparin, and also more marked in the presence of Mn(2+) than of Mg(2+). 6. alpha-Amanitin abolishes the effect of ammonium sulphate and of heparin.
Comprehensive mutational analysis of BRCA1/BRCA2 for Korean breast cancer patients: evidence of a founder mutation (2009)

The BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes are the strongest susceptibility genes identified for breast cancer worldwide. However, BRCA1/BRCA2 have been incompletely investigated due to their large size and the genomic rearrangements that occasionally occur within them. Here we performed a comprehensive mutational analysis for BRCA1/BRCA2 in 206 Korean patients with breast cancer. We analyzed all exons and flanking regions of BRCA1/BRCA2 by direct sequencing and screened deletions or duplications involving BRCA1/BRCA2 by multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification. We reconstructed haplotypes using intragenic single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) to investigate the possibility of a founder effect among recurrent mutations. In our series, 38 patients (18.4%) had one or more BRCA1/BRCA2 mutations including 10 novel ones. Three additional patients carried novel distinct unclassified variants with potentially harmful effects. No large deletions or duplications involving BRCA1/BRCA2 were identified in our series. Haplotype analyses and allele separation suggested that the most frequent mutation in Koreans, BRCA2:c.7480C>T, might have originated from a common ancestor. BRCA1/BRCA2 mutations were more frequent in a group with family history, bilateral cancer or multiple site cancer than in a group without the risk factors described or an unknown risk group. In contrast, mutation frequencies in the early-onset cancer group were not higher than in the unknown risk group. Our results will be helpful to understand the mutation spectrum in BRCA1/BRCA2 genes and establish a genetic screening strategy. In addition, this study suggests the possibility of the first true founder mutation of BRCA1/BRCA2 identified in the Korean population.