gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Overview of the cross-track infrared sounder (CrIS) (2003)

CrIS is an interferometric sounder that accurately measures upwelling earth radiances used to construct vertical profiles of atmospheric temperature, moisture and pressure for the NPOESS program. Presented is the CrIS design and performance.
Room temperature synthesis of ZnAlPO₄ nanoparticles and their catalytic applications (2013)

Here, we report a simple method for the synthesis of ZnAlPO₄ nanoparticles possessing stable structures even after the removal of the structure directing agent. The material can act as an efficient bi-functional catalyst for the alkylation of acetophenone with benzyl alcohol.
Débit irrégulier dans les systèmes d'évacuation de grande longueur (1983)

Un problème primordial dans ce domaine est l'incidence sur les systèmes d'évacuation de grande longueur, et donc sur leur calcul, d'une atténuation dans l'écoulement dans le réseau, incidence qui risque de se trouver aggravée par la tendance actuelle aux économies d'eau dans les appareils. Des travaux de recherche menés conjointement par la Brunel University (RU) et le NBS (USA), appuyés par des banos d'observation expérimentaux ont contribué à la mise au point d'un modèle mathématique prévisionnel, basé sur la « méthode des caractéristiques » qui offre des solutions aux équations relatives à l'écoulement irrégulier des canalisations partiellement remplies. John Swaffield et Sarah Bridge travaillent pour le Groupe de Recherche sur l'assainissement de la Brunel; Laurence Galowin (cf. article sur les systèmes de ventilation dans la plomberie) est au Centre for Building Technology, NBS (USA).
Low-cost flip-chip on board (1996)

For hand-held communication products, like the DECT telephone system, flip-chip on board offers minimization of both the package size and the occupied area on the boards. As a result of the reduction in interconnection lengths, the self-inductance is reduced. For high volume production, the compatibility of the flip-chip mounting technique with standard surface mount technology (SMT) reflow is essential. During reflow, the eutectic PbSn bump wets along the copper track, so the stand-off between integrated circuits (IC's) and the board is accurately defined by the layout of the board and the dimensions of the bump. The eutectic PbSn flip-chip processing is evaluated by impedance and cross-talk measurements, and in several reliability tests. For the electrical measurements, a zero-IF front-end IC is used. Wide-band measurements of the input impedance showed that the residual parasitics associated with the eutectic PbSn bumps are negligible compared with the parameters of the internal IC components. To accommodate the residual stresses from differences in coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE), the gap between the IC and the substrate is underfilled. This underfill material marginally affects the electrical behavior of the IC at frequencies up to a few GHz. As expected, a slight increase in the residual capacitance is observed. The effect of the underfill is studied by both temperature cycle and shock tests; cumulative failure distributions have been plotted. Results show that the adhesion properties and flow characteristics of the underfill material are the dominating factors for the number of cycles to failure. By selecting the proper underfill and curing conditions, the eutectic PbSn flip-chip construction can meet the test requirements for consumer communication products.
Idarucizumab for dabigatran reversal: the first 6 months in a tertiary centre (2019)

This retrospective audit reviews patients on dabigatran presenting with bleeding or requiring urgent surgery in the Wellington region, whether they received idarucizumab appropriately and the outcome of episodes. Eighty patients were identified with bleeding or need for urgent surgery, 14 of which received idarucizumab. In patients who received idarucizumab, use was safe, effective and overall appropriate. Idarucizumab was underutilised with patients who could have benefited not receiving it; however, some patients who were treated may not have required it. Increased awareness and use may improve outcomes.
DISTANCE MEASUREMENTS USING FREQUENCY STABILIZED Nd:YAG LASERS (1996)

Two diode-pumped tunable Nd:YAG lasers locked to sub-Doppler transitions of 127 I 2 and 133 Cs 2 are used as a source for two-wavelength interferometry. The synthetic wavelength, Λ=c/∆ν, is highly stable and accurate, owing to the frequency stability of the locked lasers and the precise determination of the frequency difference Δν between Cs 2 and I 2 transitions. The dense spectra of these molecules allows selection of Λ over a wide range, between 8.5 mm and several meters, thus enabling distance measurements with a large non-ambiguity range. Fringe contrast and phase-shifting methods are used to measure the phase difference. An accuracy of 70 μm is achieved for Λ~19 mm, i.e. Λ/260.
Studies on Analgesics of Aniline Series. II. Preparation and Properties of N-Alkyl or N, N-Dialkyl 3-(N'-Acyl- or N'-Benzyl-substituted anilino) propionamide Series and N-Alkyl or N, N-Dialkyl 3-(Substituted anilino) propylamine Series (1965)

N-Alkyl or N, N-dialkyl 3-(N'-acyl-, N'-alkyl- or N'-benzylsubstituted anilino)propionamide derivatives were prepared from corresponding N-alkyl or N, N-dialkyl 3-(substituted anilino) propionamides by treating with acid anhydride, alkylhalide, or formaldehyde, formic acid and benzyl chloride, respectively. N, N-Dialkyl 3-(substituted anilino) propylamines were also prepared by condensation of 3-(substituted anilino) propyl chlorides with secondary amines. N, N-Dialkyl 3-(N'-acyl-substituted anilino) propylamines were obtained by treatment of 3-(substituted anilino) propylamines with acid anhydrides. Some of these compounds were found to possess analgetic activities.
Potential Applications of Microwave Energy to the Baking industry* (1968)

AbstractThe literature relating to applications of microwave energy in the baking field is reviewed. Three specific applications, proof-baking, thawing, and in-package pasteuriza tion, are discussed in some detail. The economics of microwave proof-baking are compared with those of conventional baking, and certain precautions to be taken in microwave thawing are suggested. An existing in-package pasteurization system for cakes has demonstrated the favourable economics of this process. Notes* Paper received May 16, 1968.
SAR tomographic imaging technique based on fusion of the Prony-inspired parametric and MVDR-inspired non-parametric DOA spatial spectral estimators (2015)

In this paper, the synthetic aperture radar tomography (SARTom) vertical distribution estimation problem is treated within the direction of arrival (DOA) estimation framework. Super-resolution parametric DOA estimation methods improve the vertical resolution and mitigate the effect of sidelobes. Nevertheless, these techniques have the main drawback related to the assumption that the scene is composed by a finite number of point-type backscattering sources. On the other hand, the minimum variance distortionless response (MVDR) inspired non-parametric DOA estimation methods are better suited to cope with scenarios characterized by the presence of distributed scatterers. In this work, we propose to decompose the SARTom vertical distribution estimation problem into two paradigms: parametric DOA estimation for point-type scatterers and non-parametric recovery of the spatial spectrum pattern (SSP) of the spatially distributed scattering components. The principal innovative contribution of this study relates to the proposition for fusion of the Prony-inspired parametric and MVDRinspired non-parametric DOA estimation paradigms through the use of the spectral positional invariance property of the point-type targets, which holds with the extended Prony model.
Granular Leidenfrost effect in microgravity (2020)

Abstract When a container filled with granular material is subjected to vertical vibration in the presence of gravity, under certain conditions a non-monotonous density profile can be observed. This effect which is characteristic for dissipative granular gases, was termed “floating cluster regime” or “granular Leidenfrost effect”. Here, we study the behavior of vibro-agitated granular matter in the absence of gravity and identify a corresponding stationary state of the granulate, that is, we provide experimental evidence of the granular Leidenfrost effect under conditions of weightlessness.
VTrust: A Robust Trust Framework for Relay Selection in Hybrid Vehicular Communications (2014)

As one of the essential components of Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS), Vehicular Ad Hoc Network (VANET) plays a significant role in enabling various on-road applications, most of which primarily rely on two-top Vehicle-To-Vehicle communications. To make such communications reliable and secure, it is significant to ensure that the trustworthy vehicles are selected as relays. To tackle this challenge, this paper proposes a robust trust framework, called VTrust, which systematically integrates a set of unique features of VANET, e.g., hybrid architecture, high dynamics, social attributes, into the traditional reputation system, with an objective to effectively differentiate the trust levels of the vehicles meanwhile preserve high scalability and robustness. The digital signature and multisignature techniques are also applied to enhance the security of VTrust. To validate the performance of the framework, an in-depth security analysis is conducted, which shows that it is secure and robust against several sophisticated attacks in VANETs. Also, a set of extensive simulations is carried out, demonstrating its effectiveness, accuracy, and scalability.
Antiproliferative effects of cembranoid derivatives obtained from Red Sea soft coral Sarcophyton glaucum on human colorectal cancer cell lines (2015)

A new source for 2S*,11S*,12R*-isosarcophytoxide (1), along with six known metabolites; 7R,8S-dihydroxydeepoxy-ent-sarcophine (2), sarcophytolol (3), sarcotrocheliol acetate (4), ent-sarcophine (5), guaiacophine (6) and gorgosten-5(E)-3β-ol (7), was identified as Sarcophyton glaucum. The chemical structures were determined based on spectroscopic measurements (NMR, UV, IR and MS). The total extract and isolated compounds were evaluated against four cancer cell lines; HCT116 (human colorectal cancer), HT29 (human colon cancer), CACO-2 (colonic adenocarcinoma) and HepG-2 (human hepatocarcinoma). All tested compounds exhibited cytotoxicity against two cancer cell lines with IC50 in range 8.9–500 µmol/L. Compounds (3) and (4) had significant cytotoxic effects towards HCT116, IC50 = 8.9 ± 0.092 µmol/L and 17.5 ± 0.0.067 µmol/L, respectively and against HepG-2, IC50 20.0 ± 0.032 µmol/L and 19.9 ± 0.062 µmol/L, respectively. The antiproliferative activities of compounds (3) and (4) can be attributed, at least partly, to their ability to induce cell cycle arrest, particularly in G0/G1 and S phases.
A Hybrid Time Domain Protection Scheme for Series Compensated Lines (2022)

In this paper, a hybrid time-domain protection scheme for series compensated lines using incremental quantity combined with traveling wave principle is proposed. Each principle is assigned a zone of the protected section of the line to achieve fast protection. The incremental quantity-based method is assigned for close-in faults up to 35% and the traveling wave from 33.33% to 66.67% of the line from the relay end. The incremental quantity-based method compares a dynamic restraining quantity obtained from voltage and current to the operating quantity using current for the protection decision. The traveling wave-based method derives a decision by comparing the calculated line length, obtained using the first three arrival times measured at the relay location, to the actual line length. The proposed hybrid approach exploits the advantages of both principles to achieve better reliability and speed of protection for series compensated transmission lines. The proposed scheme is verified for a 400-kV, 300 km series compensated transmission line and results are compared with traditional impedance and incremental quantity-based methods.
Efficient Resolution of Enantiomers by Coupling Preferential Crystallization and Dissolution. Part 1: Experimental Proof of Principle (2012)

The resolution of enantiomers can be achieved by preferential crystallization as soon as they crystallize as a conglomerate. However, several successive and alternate crystallizations of each enantiomer as well as seeds of both enantiomers are required for this process to be efficient. The performance can be increased by using two tanks coupled via the liquid phase. In one subcooled tank, the crystallization of a single enantiomer is carried out by enantioselective seeding, while a suspension of racemic mixture in equilibrium at the saturation temperature with the liquid phase is present in a second tank. Over the course of the crystallization, the concentration of the seeded enantiomer decreases. Because of the liquid exchange, the crystallizing enantiomer becomes undersaturated in the second tank, leading to its selective dissolution. Crystallization and dissolution continue simultaneously in both tanks until the solid phase in the second tank becomes enantiopure. At this point, both suspensions can be filtrated, and each tank yields a pure enantiomer. The proof of principle has been successfully given for the resolution of dl-threonine. Besides reducing the number of steps needed to access both pure enantiomers, this process was found to be more productive than conventional alternatives of resolution by preferential crystallization.
Scanning Kelvin Probe Microscopy Reveals That Ion Motion Varies with Dimensionality in 2D Halide Perovskites (2020)

We study ion migration in 2D lead halide perovskites of varying dimensionality using scanning Kelvin probe microscopy (SKPM). We perform potentiometry on micrometer-scale lateral junctions in the absence of injected charge, and we compare how ion motion varies between prototypical two-dimensional n-butylammonium lead iodide perovskites (BA2PbI4, n = 1), and methylammonium-incorporated quasi-2D perovskites (BA2MA3Pb4I13, ∼⟨n⟩ = 4) under the effects of illumination and temperature. We attribute the observed slow dynamics to relaxation of the bias-induced ionic charge distributions at different temperatures, and we extract the activation energies associated with the ionic motion in each case. Finally, we propose an explanation for these phenomena by hypothesizing that ion motion in purely-2D BA2PbI4 perovskite films is dominated by paired halide and halide vacancy, whereas for quasi-2D BA2MA3Pb4I13 perovskites, the ion motion is a combination of both halide and methylammonium (vacancy) migration. These data show that dimensionality in these systems plays a critical role in ion dynamics.
Factors associated with the presence of circulating active tissue factor and activated factor XI in stable angina patients (2012)

Circulating active tissue factor (TF) and activated factor XI (FXIa) have been detected in subgroups of acute coronary syndromes (ACSs) and stable angina patients. We sought to evaluate the determinants of active TF and FXIa in stable angina patients. We studied 124 consecutive stable angina patients. Recent ACS, atrial fibrillation, and anticoagulant therapy were the exclusion criteria. Plasma active TF and FXIa were determined by measuring the response to inhibitory antibodies. T helper 1 lymphocyte (Th1) and Th2 responses were assessed in plasma by interleukin (IL)-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-18, interferon-γ, and tumor necrosis factor-α, oxidative stress by 8-isoprostaglandin F(2α) (8-iso-PGF(2α)), and coagulation by prothrombin fragments F1+2 (F1+2) and free TF pathway inhibitor (f-TFPI). TF and FXIa activity were detected in 25 (20.2%) and 49 (39.5%) stable angina patients, respectively. Both factors were found in 23 (18.5%) patients. Patients with detectable TF or FXIa had higher F1+2, 8-iso-PGF(2α), IL-6, but not other cytokines, and lower f-TFPI (all P < 0.001) compared with the remainder. There were no intergroup differences with regard to cardiovascular risk factors or medication. Multivariate analysis showed that F1+2 and f-TFPI were the only independent predictors of the TF presence, whereas 8-iso-PGF(2α) and F1+2 predicted the presence of FXIa in stable angina patients. In stable angina patients, circulating active TF and FXIa are associated with enhanced thrombin formation, with a minor effect of inflammatory mediators. Moreover, FXIa is also related to oxidative stress, indicating additional links between coagulation and free radical generation in stable angina.
Ubiquitinated Proteins in Exosomes Secreted by Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells (2014)

We provide evidence at the molecular level that ubiquitinated proteins are present in exosomes shed by myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC). Ubiquitin was selected as a post-translational modification of interest because it is known to play a determinant role in the endosomal trafficking that culminates in exosome release. Enrichment was achieved by two immunoprecipitations, first at the protein level and subsequently at the peptide level. Fifty ubiquitinated proteins were identified by tandem mass spectrometry filtering at a 5% spectral false discovery rate and using the conservative requirement that glycinylglycine-modified lysine residues were observed in tryptic peptides. Thirty five of these proteins have not previously been reported to be ubiquitinated. The ubiquitinated cohort spans a range of protein sizes and favors basic pI values and hydrophobicity. Five proteins associated with endosomal trafficking were identified as ubiquitinated, along with pro-inflammatory high mobility group protein B1 and proinflammatory histones.
Applications of Electrified Dust and Dust Devil Electrodynamics to Martian Atmospheric Electricity (2016)

Atmospheric transport and suspension of dust frequently brings electrification, which may be substantial. Electric fields of 10 kV m−1 to 100 kV m−1 have been observed at the surface beneath suspended dust in the terrestrial atmosphere, and some electrification has been observed to persist in dust at levels to 5 km, as well as in volcanic plumes. The interaction between individual particles which causes the electrification is incompletely understood, and multiple processes are thought to be acting. A variation in particle charge with particle size, and the effect of gravitational separation explains to, some extent, the charge structures observed in terrestrial dust storms. More extensive flow-based modelling demonstrates that bulk electric fields in excess of 10 kV m−1 can be obtained rapidly (in less than 10 s) from rotating dust systems (dust devils) and that terrestrial breakdown fields can be obtained. Modelled profiles of electrical conductivity in the Martian atmosphere suggest the possibility of dust electrification, and dust devils have been suggested as a mechanism of charge separation able to maintain current flow between one region of the atmosphere and another, through a global circuit. Fundamental new understanding of Martian atmospheric electricity will result from the ExoMars mission, which carries the DREAMS (Dust characterization, Risk Assessment, and Environment Analyser on the Martian Surface)—MicroARES (Atmospheric Radiation and Electricity Sensor) instrumentation to Mars in 2016 for the first in situ electrical measurements.
Integrated Lane and Vehicle Detection, Localization, and Tracking: A Synergistic Approach (2013)

In this paper, we introduce a synergistic approach to integrated lane and vehicle tracking for driver assistance. The approach presented in this paper results in a final system that improves on the performance of both lane tracking and vehicle tracking modules. Further, the presented approach introduces a novel approach to localizing and tracking other vehicles on the road with respect to lane position, which provides information on higher contextual relevance that neither the lane tracker nor vehicle tracker can provide by itself. Improvements in lane tracking and vehicle tracking have been extensively quantified. Integrated system performance has been validated on real-world highway data. Without specific hardware and software optimizations, the fully implemented system runs at near-real-time speeds of 11 frames per second.
Antibodies to Signaling Molecules and Receptors in Alzheimer’s Disease are Associated with Psychomotor Slowing, Depression, and Poor Visuospatial Function (2017)

Antibody levels to VEGFR1, serotonergic receptors, and receptors in the immune system were increased in AD. Antibodies at similar levels as in controls were associated cognitive dysfunction and depression in AD.
Comparison of homologous recombination frequencies in somatic cells of petunia and tobacco suggest two distinct recombination pathways (1992)

Summary Homologous recombination in plants was studied using an extrachromosomal recombination assay in which intermolecular homologous recombination between two complementary plasmids restored a selectable marker gene. Several vectors containing an insertion into or deletions within the coding region of the neomycin phosphotransferase (NPT‐II) gene were designed. Plasmids were introduced, in pairwise combinations, into protoplasts and homologous recombination events were measured by counting the number of NPT‐ll‐resistant colonies. A 10‐fold increase in recombination frequency was observed in Petunia hybrids RL01 compared to Nicotiana tabacum SRI. This difference occurred when one or both of the co‐transferred recombination plasmids was offered in a circular form. Apart from such specific differences between two cultivars from different species, a two‐to fivefold increase in recombination frequencies was observed when the genomic TBS (transformation booster sequence) fragment from P. hybrids was added onto one of the transferred plasmids. TBS‐specific stimulation of recombination was observed in Petunia RL01. These data suggest that two different recombination pathways may be present in plants.
Improved Resilience and Uniformity in Polysulfone Blends from an Accelerated Grafting Ring-Opening Polymerization Reaction with Benzoxazine (2021)

BPA-based benzoxazine monomer (BA-a) solubilized in end-group ditosylated poly(ether sulfone) [α,ω-PSU(OTs)2] undergoes an accelerated grafting ring-opening polymerization (ROP) to afford unique graft copolymer hybrids with predictable thermal properties and improved uniformity and superior mechanical properties. The α,ω-PSU(OTs)2 was synthesized from the parent α,ω-dihydroxy poly(ether sulfone) with the conversion of end-groups quantified by 1H NMR and GPC. The two polymers were used to create two blend series with a BPA-based benzoxazine monomer (BA-a) and heated to the polybenzoxazine-based products. The grafting ROP reaction of tosylated poly(ether sulfone) with the resulting polybenzoxazine network was studied by using DSC, FT-IR, SEM, and UV–vis and indicated that tosylated end-groups accelerate BA-a polymerization and afford products that are composed of P(BA-a)-graft-PSU with excess but well-mixed PSU. The approach allows for the fabrication of free-standing films that had higher tensile modulus, greater resiliency, and less mechanical property variation compared to their α,ω-dihydroxy poly(ether sulfone) analogues. The properties of the tosylated poly(ether sulfone) blend films and the accelerated cure of included benzoxazine allowed for the preparation of thin films on millimeter-scaled metal rods where the mechanically robust films do not undergo significant melt flow when cured by inductive heating.