gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Stimulation of mitochondrial superoxide in lung epithelial cells using a novel stretching device (869.5) (2014)

Mechanical ventilation of patients with acute lung injury can cause further damage to the lung epithelium, leading to ventilator‐associated lung injury. We and others have previously demonstrated that cyclic stretch of bronchial and alveolar epithelial cells stimulates increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and other proinflammatory cytokines, but the mechanism is not completely understood. To investigate, we designed a motor‐driven device to apply linear strains up to 20% on cells grown on an elastic substrate while imaging under a confocal microscope. We hypothesized that distention of the lung epithelium triggers an oxidative stress response of mitochondrial superoxide through deformation of the mitochondria and actin filaments. Cultures of an immortalized human airway epithelial cell line (16HBE) and human alveolar type II cell line (A549) were tonically stretched while the production of mitochondrial superoxide was measured using MitoSox. Stretch in 16HBE cells caused a significant increase in production of superoxide, while treatment with Tiron or Cytochalasin D both prevented the stretch‐induced increase in superoxide. A549 cells did not show a significant increase in production of superoxide compared to treatment with the inhibitors. A single tonic deformation of the mitochondria via actin filaments directly stimulated the release of superoxide. Grant Funding Source : Supported by NIH grant HL094366 (CMW)
A Review on the Development of the Inverted Polymer Solar Cell Architecture (2010)

The increase in energy production costs for fossil fuels has led to a search for an economically viable alternative energy source. One alternative energy source of particular interest is solar energy. A promising alternative to inorganic materials is organic semiconductor polymer solar cells due to their advantages of being cheaper, light weight, flexible and made into large areas by roll-to-roll processing. However, the conventional architecture that is typically used for fabricating solar cells requires high vacuum to deposit the top metal electrode which is not suitable for roll-to-roll processing. Recently an inverted device architecture has been investigated as a suitable architecture for developing the ideal roll-to-roll type processing of polymer-based solar cells. This review will go over the recent advances and approaches in the development of this type of inverted device architecture. We will highlight some of the work that we have done to integrate materials, device, interface, and processing of the inverted device architecture platform to produce more idealized polymer-based solar cells.
On rewriting XPath queries using views (2009)

The problem of rewriting a query using a materialized view is studied for a well known fragment of XPath that includes the following three constructs: wildcards, descendant edges and branches. In earlier work, determining the existence of a rewriting was shown to be coNP-hard, but no tight complexity bound was given. While it was argued that Σ3p is an upper bound, the proof was based on results that have recently been refuted. Consequently, the exact complexity (and even decidability) of this basic problem has been unknown, and there have been no practical rewriting algorithms if the query and the view use all the three constructs mentioned above.
Learning efficient object detection models with knowledge distillation (2017)

Despite significant accuracy improvement in convolutional neural networks (CNN) based object detectors, they often require prohibitive runtimes to process an image for real-time applications. State-of-the-art models often use very deep networks with a large number of floating point operations. Efforts such as model compression learn compact models with fewer number of parameters, but with much reduced accuracy. In this work, we propose a new framework to learn compact and fast object detection networks with improved accuracy using knowledge distillation [20] and hint learning [34]. Although knowledge distillation has demonstrated excellent improvements for simpler classification setups, the complexity of detection poses new challenges in the form of regression, region proposals and less voluminous labels. We address this through several innovations such as a weighted cross-entropy loss to address class imbalance, a teacher bounded loss to handle the regression component and adaptation layers to better learn from intermediate teacher distributions. We conduct comprehensive empirical evaluation with different distillation configurations over multiple datasets including PASCAL, KITTI, ILSVRC and MS-COCO. Our results show consistent improvement in accuracy-speed trade-offs for modern multi-class detection models.
Chemical constituents from processed seeds of Strychnos nux-vomica (2012)

Fifteen compounds were isolated from the processed seeds of Strychnos nuxvomica and were identified as follows: strychnine (1), brucine (2), pseudostrychnine (3), pseudobrucine (4), secoxyloganin (5), caffeic acid (6), phydroxybenzoic acid (7), phydroxyphenylacetic acid (8), uvaol (9), stigmasta7,22,25triene3ol (10), lupeol (11), 11oxoαamyrin palmitate (12), catechol (13), maltol (14), adenosine (15). Compounds 5-15 were isolated from genus Strychnos for the first time.
Supplementary Video 3 from RALBP1/RLIP76 Depletion in Mice Suppresses Tumor Growth by Inhibiting Tumor Neovascularization (2023)

&lt;p&gt;MOV file - 948K, 3D muCT reconstruction of the vasculature in a LLC tumor derived in a wild type mouse&lt;/p&gt;
Photovoltaic Properties of Cu2S–CdS Heterojunctions (1970)

The photovoltaic properties of Cu2S–CdS heterojunctions have been compared before and after short heat treatment, using measured I-V characteristics, junction capacitance, and spectral response. After heat treatment slow transients in the photoresponse and effects of secondary illumination were investigated. Optical quenching of the photocurrent was observed in two ir bands corresponding to transitions at 0.8 and 1.1 eV, and enhancement of the photocurrent was seen for hv&amp;gt;1.5 eV. Long persistence of the enhancement effect was observed, which thermally quenched with an activation energy of 0.95 eV. A model for the heterojunction is proposed in which hole trapping in deep imperfection centers in the CdS near the junction is the key mechanism. A conduction band spike is assumed to exist at the Cu2S–CdS interface. The transparency of this spike to photoexcited electrons diffusing from the Cu2S is modulated by variations in the CdS depletion width caused by the deep trapping.
Research on measurement method of ship’s liquid cargo tank capacity based on real-scene replication technology (2019)

As one of the measurement instruments for petrochemical trade handover, the accuracy of ship's liquid cargo tank capacity measurement is particularly important. Aiming at the shortcomings of traditional measurement methods, such as fewer feature points, low efficiency and large errors, a method of measuring ship's liquid cargo tank based on scene replication technology is proposed. This method uses 3D laser scanning system to acquire and process massive point cloud data of ship's liquid cargo tank, and generates capacity table. Two tanks are selected as the research object for the testing. Compared with the traditional capacity measurement method, the testing proves that the maximum capacity difference between the two methods is 0.18% (bottom), and the minimum is 0.04%. The validity of the method is verified.
ChemInform Abstract: THE INTRAMOLECULAR NITRILE OXIDE CYCLOADDITION (INOC) ROUTE TO THE ERGOT ALKALOIDS: USE OF THE ISOXAZOLINE TO Γ‐AMINO ALCOHOL CONVERSION IN THE TOTAL SYNTHESIS OF (+)‐PALICLAVINE (1984)

Abstract Ausgehend von der Reaktion zwischen dem lndolaldehyd (I) und dem Phosphoniumsalz (II) wird die Titelverbindung (XII) auf dem vorgegebenen Weg synthetisiert.
Assessing the Irradiation Defect Induced Changes using Dislocation Based Crystal Plasticity Model for BCC Materials (2017)

Radiation effects lead to significant reduction in ductility of nuclear reactor components. Body Centered Cubic (BCC) materials exhibits better thermal properties as compared to Face Centered Cubic (FCC) materials, in addition to excellent resistance to helium embrittlement and void swelling under higher dpa levels, making them the promising materials for future nuclear applications. Fracture toughness in BCC has a well defined temperature dependent transition as compared to FCC materials, which is a major concern restricting their application to high dose conditions. In the present paper such strong temperature dependence of strain rate and flow stress in BCC materials is investigated numerically for both non-irradiated and irradiated conditions. In view of dislocations mobility being a fundamental property to determine the plastic behavior, a dislocation based material model is proposed which is based on physical approach rather than phenomenological.
Experimental characterization of a wall-less TEPC for nanodosimetric measurements (2021)

Anna A. Oleshkevich, Specific features of change in enzymate activity in
Magnetic field profiles in depressed collector region for small-orbit gyrotrons with axial or radially extracted spent beam (1992)

Abstract Feasibility studies for the design of multiple depressed collectors for small-orbit gyrotrons are presented. Particular attention is paid to the effect of profiles of magnetic field on the electron trajectories. Two cases are considered involving alternative approaches to separating the paths of the spent beam and the output radiation. In the first example the beam proceeds axially while the radiation is coupled out radially. A magnetic field profile that is neither purely adiabatic nor purely non-adiabatic is shown to give energy sorting and collection of beamlets without reflection of the particles, while keeping the outermost radius of the collector within reasonable limits. Studies are also presented of electron trajectories of a radially directed beam in the collector region. It is seen that the magnetic field must have a very low value and its configuration must be tailored over a wide region, A magnetic circuit consisting of a shield and a number of independently controlled coils is described which can produce such a field configuration. Results of trajectory tracing are presented showing energy sorting and collection without reflection.
Sensitivity Comparison of Macro- and Micro-Electrochemical Biosensors for Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (hCG) Biomarker Detection (2019)

Selectivity and sensitivity are important figures of merit in the design and optimization of electrochemical biosensors. The efficiency of a fabricated immunosensing surface can easily be influenced by several factors, such as the detection limit, non-specific binding, and type of sensing platform. Here, we demonstrate the effects of macro- and micro-sized planner working electrodes (4 mm and 400 μm diameter, respectively) on electrochemical behavior and the ability of the developed biosensor to detect human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), which is a biomarker of several tumors. The fabricated screen-printed sensor was constructed by modifying the carbon macroand micro-electrodes with a linker, 1-pyrenebutyric acid-N-hydroxy-succinimide ester (PANHS), and immobilization of anti-hCG antibodies to specifically detect the hCG protein. The characterization of the developed electrodes was performed by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and square wave voltammetry (SWV). Each immunosensing system showed unique electrochemical behavior, which might be attributed to the arrangement of particles on the surface. However, a smaller microelectrode surface area was found to show higher sensitivity (1 pg/mL) compared to the macro-electrode sensor with a lower detection limit of 100 pg/mL. Further, Raman spectroscopy analysis confirmed that the micro-electrode had a relatively low density of defects and disorder compared to the macro-electrode. The proposed assay represents a promising approach that is highly effective for specific detection of an analyte and can be exploited to target biomarkers for a variety of point-of-care diagnostic applications.
Coronary Magnetic Resonance Angiography in Chronic Coronary Syndromes (2021)

Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of mortality worldwide, with atherosclerotic coronary artery disease (CAD) accounting for the majority of cases. X-ray coronary angiography and computed tomography coronary angiography (CCTA) are the imaging modalities of choice for the assessment of CAD. However, the use of ionising radiation and iodinated contrast agents remain drawbacks. There is therefore a clinical need for an alternative modality for the early identification and longitudinal monitoring of CAD without these associated drawbacks. Coronary magnetic resonance angiography (CMRA) could be a potential alternative for the detection and monitoring of coronary arterial stenosis, without exposing patients to ionising radiation or iodinated contrast agents. Further advantages include its versatility, excellent soft tissue characterisation and suitability for repeat imaging. Despite the early promise of CMRA, widespread clinical utilisation remains limited due to long and unpredictable scan times, onerous scan planning, lower spatial resolution, as well as motion related image quality degradation. The past decade has brought about a resurgence in CMRA technology, with significant leaps in image acceleration, respiratory and cardiac motion estimation and advanced motion corrected or motion-resolved image reconstruction. With the advent of artificial intelligence, great advances are also seen in deep learning-based motion estimation, undersampled and super-resolution reconstruction promising further improvements of CMRA. This has enabled high spatial resolution (1 mm isotropic), 3D whole heart CMRA in a clinically feasible and reliable acquisition time of under 10 min. Furthermore, latest super-resolution image reconstruction approaches which are currently under evaluation promise acquisitions as short as 1 min. In this review, we will explore the recent technological advances that are designed to bring CMRA closer to clinical reality.
High-quality sheet metal production using a model-based adaptive approach. (2020)

Abstract Automatic panel benders of Salvagnini Maschinenbau GmbH enable high-quality and high-efficient production of sheet metal components. To achieve the steadily increasing requirements on precision, a model-based adaptive concept has been developed controlling the complete production process as a digital twin, from CAD data to the final sheet metal part. First, an overview of the underlying simulation models with different levels of detail is given. The models consider the elastoplastic deformation of the metal sheets as well as the elastic machine components and mechatronic models of the powertrain. Secondly, an overview is given of the adaptive production concept allowing the real-time adaption of the machine to changing process parameters like material properties. Finally, all production steps are controlled by a digital twin based on this model-based adaptive strategy. The paper demonstrates the successful transfer of scientific results to an industrial application.
Estimating the Biological Validity of the DSM for Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Using Multivariate Analysis for Small Samples (2017)

Abstract Background. Psychiatric nosology lacks objective biological foundation, as well as typical biomarkers for diagnoses, which raises questions about its validity. The problem is particularly evident concerning Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). The objective of this study is to estimate whether the “Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders” (DSM) is biologically valid for ADHD diagnosis using a multivariate analysis for small samples from a large dataset concerning neurophysiological, behavioral, and psychological variables. Methods: Twenty typically developing boys and 19 boys diagnosed with ADHD, aged 10-13 years, were examined using the Attentional Network Test (ANT) with records of event-related potentials (ERPs). From 815 variables, a reduced number of latent variables (LVs) were extracted with a clustering method, for further reclassification of subjects using the k-means method. This approach allowed multivariate analysis to be applied to a significantly larger number of variables than the number of cases (E. Wigneau et al., 2003, 2015) Results: From datasets including ERPs from the mid-frontal, mid-parietal, right frontal, and central channels, only seven subjects were miss-reclassified by the LVs. An estimated specificity of 75.00% and sensitivity of 89.47% for DSM were found in the reclassification. The kappa index between DSM and behavioral/psychological/neurophysiological data was 0.75, which is regarded as a “substantial level of agreement”. Discussion: Results showed that CLV is a useful method for diagnostic classification using a large dataset of small samples, suggesting the biological validity of DSM for ADHD diagnosis, in accordance to alterations in fronto-striatal networks previously related to ADHD.
Influence of connection stub parameters and valve closure time on transient measurement accuracy of a pressure transducer (2018)

Abstract Consider that a transient pressure measurement occurs at the end of the connection stub attached to a pipeline. The question arises as to whether the pressure being recorded at the end of the stub is an accurate representation of pressure in the pipeline. In this study, the influence of three parameters, including pressure transducer connection stub length, stub diameter and valve closure time, on the measurement accuracy of transient pressure is investigated through numerical simulation on a reservoir-pipe-valve-reservoir system. The results show that the larger the diameter of stub, the larger its influence both on the transient in the pipe and on measurement error; the measurement accuracy increases with an increase of the length of the stub only when the closure time of the end valve is less than the time for the water hammer wave to travel back and forth between the measurement point and the end point of stub. In contrast, when the closure time of the end valve is greater than the water hammer wave return time, the measurement accuracy will decrease with an increase of the stub length; the measurement accuracy is improved as the closure time of the end valve increases. As a result, in practice, diameter and length of connection stub for the pressure-transducer should both be selected to be as small as possible.
Tunable Capillary-Induced Attraction between Vertical Cylinders (2015)

Deformation of a fluid interface caused by the presence of objects at the interface can lead to large lateral forces between objects. We explore these fluid-mediated attractive force between partially submerged vertical cylinders. Forces are experimentally measured by slowly separating cylinder pairs and cylinder triplets after capillary rise is initially established for cylinders in contact. For cylinder pairs, numerical computations and a theoretical model are found to be in good agreement with measurements. The model provides insight into the relative importance of the contributions to the total force. For small separations, the lateral force is dominated by the fluid pressure acting over the wetted cylinder surfaces. At large separations, the surface tension acting along the contact line dominates the lateral force. A crossover between the two regimes occurs at a separation of around half of a capillary length. The experimentally measured forces between cylinder triplets are also in good agreement with numerical computations, and we show that pairwise contributions account for nearly all of the attractive force between triplets. For cylinders with an equilibrium capillary rise height greater than the height of the cylinder, we find that the attractive force depends on the height of the cylinders above the submersion level, which provides a means to create precisely controlled tunable cohesive forces between objects deforming a fluid interface.
Selective-area atomic layer epitaxy growth of ZnO features on soft lithography-patterned substrates (2001)

Templated ZnO thin-film growth from the vapor phase is achieved on docosyltrichloro- silane-patterned Si substrates using atomic layer epitaxy (ALE) combined with soft lithography. Patterned hydrophobic self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) are first transferred to single-crystal Si surfaces by hot microcontact printing. Using diethylzinc and water as ALE precursors, crystalline ZnO layers are then grown selectively on the SAM-free surface regions where native hydroxy groups nucleate growth from the vapor phase. High-resolution ZnO patterns with 1.0–40 μm feature sizes are readily achieved, demonstrating that soft lithography combined with ALE is a simple and promising methodology for selective area in situ vapor phase fabrication of patterned oxide thin films.
Thin Films: Organic Vapor Passivation of Silicon at Room Temperature (Adv. Mater. 14/2013) (2013)

Initiated chemical vapor deposition is used to achieve air-stable organic passivation of silicon, as reported by Karen K. Gleason and co-workers on page 2078. This layer also functions as an anti-reflection coating. Resistively heated wires produce reactive gas phase species, including methyl radicals, while the silicon surface below remains near room temperature. Photoshop enhanced image by Felice C. Frankel.
Changes in Brain Metallome/Metabolome Pattern due to a Single i.v. Injection of Manganese in Rats (2015)

Exposure to high concentrations of Manganese (Mn) is known to potentially induce an accumulation in the brain, leading to a Parkinson related disease, called manganism. Versatile mechanisms of Mn-induced brain injury are discussed, with inactivation of mitochondrial defense against oxidative stress being a major one. So far, studies indicate that the main Mn-species entering the brain are low molecular mass (LMM) compounds such as Mn-citrate. Applying a single low dose MnCl2 injection in rats, we observed alterations in Mn-species pattern within the brain by analysis of aqueous brain extracts by size-exclusion chromatography--inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (SEC-ICP-MS). Additionally, electrospray ionization--ion cyclotron resonance-Fourier transform-mass spectrometry (ESI-ICR/FT-MS) measurement of methanolic brain extracts revealed a comprehensive analysis of changes in brain metabolisms after the single MnCl2 injection. Major alterations were observed for amino acid, fatty acid, glutathione, glucose and purine/pyrimidine metabolism. The power of this metabolomic approach is the broad and detailed overview of affected brain metabolisms. We also correlated results from the metallomic investigations (Mn concentrations and Mn-species in brain) with the findings from metabolomics. This strategy might help to unravel the role of different Mn-species during Mn-induced alterations in brain metabolism.
The unmet treatment need for moderate to severe psoriasis: results of a survey and chart review (2006)

This survey highlights the unmet need for safe and effective therapies for moderate to severe psoriasis.