gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Tumor Cells Resistant to a Microtubule-Depolymerizing Hemiasterlin Analogue, HTI-286, Have Mutations in α- or β-Tubulin and Increased Microtubule Stability (2004)

Hemiasterlins are sponge-derived tripeptides that inhibit cell growth by depolymerizing existing microtubules and inhibiting microtubule assembly. Since hemiasterlins are poor substrates for P-glycoprotein, they are attractive candidates for cancer therapy and have been undergoing clinical trials. The basis of resistance to a synthetic analogue of hemiasterlin, HTI-286 (HTI), was examined in cell populations derived from ovarian carcinoma (A2780/1A9) cells selected in HTI-286. 1A9-HTI-resistant cells (1A9-HTI(R) series) were 57-89-fold resistant to HTI. Cross-resistance (3-186-fold) was observed to other tubulin depolymerizing drugs, with collateral sensitivity (2-14-fold) to tubulin polymerizing agents. Evaluation of the percentage of polymerized and soluble tubulin in 1A9 parental and 1A9-HTI(R) cells corroborated the HTI cytotoxicity data. At 22 degrees C or 37 degrees C, in the absence of any drug, the percentage of polymerized microtubules for each of the 1A9-HTI(R) populations was greater than that in the 1A9 parental cells, consistent with more stable microtubules. Furthermore, microtubules in the 1A9-HTI(R) populations were also more resistant to depolymerization at 4 degrees C and had more acetylated and detyrosinated (Glu-tubulin) alpha-tubulin, all characteristic of more stable microtubules. The 1A9-HTI(R) cell populations exhibited either a single nucleotide change in the M40 beta-tubulin isotype, S172A, or in two cell populations where no beta-tubulin mutation was detected, mutations in the Kalpha-1 alpha-tubulin isotype, S165P and R221H in one resistant cell population and I384V in another. Unlike reports of mutations resulting in reduced drug affinity, the experimental data and location of mutations are consistent with resistance to HTI-286 mediated by microtubule-stabilizing mutations in beta- or alpha-tubulin.
Cytoplasmic activation of ISGF3, the positive regulator of interferon-alpha-stimulated transcription, reconstituted in vitro. (1989)

The signal transduction pathway through which interferon-alpha (IFN alpha) stimulates transcription of a defined set of genes involves activation of DNA-binding factors specific for the IFN alpha-stimulated response element (ISRE). IFN-stimulated gene factor-3 (ISGF3), the positive regulator of transcription, was derived in response to IFN alpha treatment from preexisting protein components that were activated first in the cell cytoplasm prior to appearance in the nucleus. Nuclear translocation of ISGF3 required several minutes and could be inhibited by NaF. Formation of active ISGF3 was mimicked in vitro by mixing cytoplasmic extracts from IFN alpha-stimulated cells with extracts of cells treated to contain high amounts of the unactivated factor. Active ISGF3 was found to be formed from association of two latent polypeptide precursors that were distinguished biochemically by differential sensitivity to N-ethyl maleimide. One precursor was modified in response to IFN alpha occupation of its cell-surface receptor, thus enabling association with the second subunit. The resulting complex then was competent for nuclear translocation and binding to ISRE. Cytoplasmically localized transcription factor precursors thus serve as second messengers to translate directly an extracellular signal into specific transcriptional activity in the nucleus.
Evidence that the [3H]thymidine-induced adaptive response of human lymphocytes to subsequent doses of X-rays involves the induction of a chromosomal repair mechanism (1986)

When human lymphocytes are treated with [3H]thymidine ([ 3H]dThd), the observed number of chromosomal aberrations induced by [3H]dThd and subsequent doses of X-rays is less than the number induced by X-rays alone. Experiments in which cells were examined at various times after exposure to the X-rays showed that this phenomenon, termed an adaptive response to the endogenous radiation from tritium, is not an artefact caused by radiation-induced mitotic delays, which could result in the sampling of metaphase cells that were irradiated in different parts of the G2 phase of the cell cycle, where sensitivity to X-rays changes dramatically. Reconstruction experiments in which labelled female cells were co-cultured with unlabelled male cells now show that labelled and unlabelled cells progress to metaphase equally, and therefore that the adaptive response is not the result of selection against a radiosensitive population of cells that have incorporated [3H]dThd. Measurements of chromosomal aberrations induced in the labelled female cells and unlabelled male cells that had been co-cultured show that the adaptive response is restricted to those cells exposed to radiation from the incorporation of [3H]dThd and that diffusible factors are not involved. The results are consistent with the proposal that this adaptive response is the result of the induction of a hitherto unknown chromosomal repair mechanism. It has now been found that this repair mechanism is induced at levels of radiation from [3H]dThd that in themselves are too low to induce any discernible chromosomal aberrations and that its activity is dependent on the enzyme poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase, because 3-aminobenzamide, an inhibitor of poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation, prevents the adaptive response.
Disc morphogenesis in vertebrate photoreceptors (1980)

Electron microscopic examination of the bases of adult rod and cone outer segments (rhesus monkey, ground squirrel, and grey squirrel) has led to a new model of disc morphogenesis. In this model the disc surfaces and disc rims develop by separate mechanisms and from separate regions of the membrane of the inner face of the cilium. This membrane is alternately specified into regions that will form either the disc surfaces or the disc rims. The disc surfaces develop by an evagination or outpouching of the ciliary membrane. The two surfaces of an evagination, scleral and vitreal, each form one of the surfaces of adjacent discs. The disc rim is initially specified as a region of ciliary membrane between adjacent disc-surface evaginations. This region grows bilaterally around the circumferences of adjacent discs, zippering together the apposed surfaces to form the rim and completed disc. At the same time it seals the plasma-membrane edges of the evaginations, which have become detached from the surfaces. Incisures form in rod discs by infolding of the rim and surfaces together, and they begin to form before the rim is completed around the disc perimeter. When a number of new discs are developing simultaneously the ciliary membrane at the base of an outer segment consists of a stack of rim forming and surface forming growth points. This model provides, in addition, for the continuous renewal of outer-segment plasma membrane. It also establishes a developmental basis for the structural uniqueness of the disc rim. Finally, it indicates an evolutionary relationship between the discs of vertebrate visual cells and the membrane specializations of invertebrate visual cells.
Supplementary Figure 1 from The HPV and p63 Status in Penile Cancer Are Linked with the Infiltration and Therapeutic Availability of Neutrophils (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Figure 1&lt;/p&gt;
Optical Network Synthesis Using Birefringent Crystals III Some General Properties of Lossless Birefringent Networks* (1966)

Part I of this series described a procedure for synthesizing birefringent networks having arbitrarily prescribed amplitude transmittance. The network resulting from that procedure consists of a series of identical cascaded birefringent crystals between an input and output polarizer. We refer to such a network as a “lossless birefringent network” since it contains no internal polarizers. The variables determined by the synthesis procedure of Part I are the angles to which the crystals and the output polarizer are rotated. This paper proves several general theorems concerned with lossless birefringent networks. These theorems deal with (1) uniqueness; (2) the effect upon the transmittance of changing the sign of the angles of the crystals and output polarizer; (3) the effect upon the transmittance of turning the network end for end; and (4) the symmetry relations which the crystal and polarizer angles must satisfy when certain restrictions are imposed upon the desired amplitude transmittance.
Synthesis and solution decomposition kinetics of flash-vaporizable liquid Barium Beta-diketonates (2000)

The first room-temperature liquid, flash-vaporizable barium compounds were prepared by reacting barium beta-diketonates with alkyl-substituted triamine and tetramine ligands. For example, barium bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethylheptane-3,5-dionate) (Ba(thd)2) reacts with N,N′,N′′-triamyldiethylenetriamine (tadeta) to form a viscous liquid that is miscible with additional amine and organic solvents, forming low-viscosity solutions. Thermal decomposition studies showed that Ba(thd)2·tadeta is more stable than a similar amine complex of barium 2,2,6-trimethylheptane-3,5-dionate (Ba(3hd)2). This difference in thermal stability can possibly be explained by a beta-hydrogen elimination mechanism operating only in the latter barium compound. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Magneto-chromatic effects of tunable magnetic fluid grating (1998)

The ordered structures in Fe3O4 kerosene-based magnetic fluid films were discovered and the magneto-chromatic effects were also observed under various magnetic fields. In this report, we studied the relationship between the ordered structures and the magneto-chromatic effects theoretically and experimentally. The nearly perfect hexagonal structures with the distance between two columns d in μm range for our magnetic fluid thin films offer a two-dimensional tunable magnetic fluid grating in the visible light region. By using a grating model, the diffraction patterns for visible lights at certain incident angle θ, wavelength λ, and column distance d, were calculated. Experimentally, it was found that the conditions of the observed light around the direction perpendicular to the plane of film coincide with the calculated results. Therefore, the magneto-chromatic effects resulting from the ordered structures of the tunable magnetic fluid grating were confined.
Composition and Buffer Capacity of Pooled Starved Plaque Fluid from Caries-free and Caries-susceptible Individuals (1988)

The composition of pooled starved plaque fluid from six population samples, grouped according to age (8-11, 12-16, 8-17, 18-22 years) and caries status (caries-free, CF, DMFS = 0; caries-susceptible, CS, DMFS greater than 10), was determined by means of ion chromatography. Prior to plaque collection, all subjects abstained from oral hygiene for 48 hours and fasted overnight. In addition, selected subjects also received a dental prophylaxis one week prior to plaque collection. Plaque samples from each group were pooled under mineral oil and centrifuged at 15,000 g (ambient temperature) for 45 minutes. Supernatants were then analyzed for organic acids, inorganic anions, and mono- and divalent cations. Plaque fluid samples from CF and from the CS subgroups were also titrated with standard HCl for exploration of the inherent buffer capacity. The ions Na+ NH4+, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+, Cl-, phosphate, and carbonate were present in all samples analyzed. Formic, acetic, propionic, butyric, and trace amounts of isobutyric and isovaleric acids were detected, with acetic and propionic acids comprising between 85 and 94% of the total acids. Little (less than 1 mmol/L) to no succinic or lactic acid was detected in starved plaque fluid. No apparent difference was detected in the composition and saturation status of pooled starved plaque fluid from CF and CS individuals. These results suggest that caries susceptibility is not necessarily correlated with the plaque fluid composition of pooled starved plaque. In addition, no apparent difference in the inherent buffer capacities of these samples could be detected, consistent with the noted similarities in composition.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
How the quality of third parties' settlement solutions is affected by the relationship between negotiators. (2000)

Observers watched videotapes of people negotiating. In half of the videotapes, the negotiators had a negative relationship; in the other half, the negotiators had a positive relationship. Some observers believed that the relationship was a genuine reflection of how the parties felt about one another; others were told that the behavior of negotiators was strategic (i.e., used by parties to gain advantage). Following the tape, observers recommended a settlement. Observers' suggestions were most efficient when the negotiators' relationship was positive and genuine; observers proposed significantly worse solutions when negotiators' relationships were negative and genuine. The authors advise mediators to focus on the issues rather than the emotional tone and to avoid the correspondence bias when observing conflicts among parties with negative relationships.
Effect of a Low-Glycemic Index or a High-Cereal Fiber Diet on Type 2 Diabetes (2017)

Results In the intention-to-treat analysis, HbA1c decreased by �0.18% absolute HbA1c units (95% confidence interval [CI], �0.29% to �0.07%) in the high–cereal fiber diet compared with �0.50% absolute HbA1c units (95% CI, �0.61% to �0.39%) in the low–glycemic index diet (P.001). There was also an increase of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol in the low–glycemic index diet by 1.7 mg/dL (95% CI, 0.8-2.6 mg/ dL) compared with a decrease of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol by �0.2 mg/dL (95% CI, �0.9 to 0.5 mg/dL) in the high–cereal fiber diet (P=.005). The reduction in dietary glycemic index related positively to the reduction in HbA1c concentration (r=0.35, P.001) and negatively to the increase in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (r=�0.19, P=.009). Conclusion In patients with type 2 diabetes, 6-month treatment with a low– glycemic index diet resulted in moderately lower HbA1c levels compared with a high– cereal fiber diet.
<title>Sozzy: a hormone-driven autonomous vacuum cleaner</title> (1994)

Domestic robots are promising examples of the application of robotics to personal life. There have been many approaches in this field, but no successful results exist. The problem is that domestic environments are more difficult for robots than other environments, such as factory floors or office floors. Consequently, conventional approaches using a model of human intelligence to design robots have not been successful. In this paper, we report on a prototyped domestic vacuum-cleaning robot that is designed to be able to handle complex environments. The control software is composed of two layers, both of which are generally inspired by behaviors of living creatures. The first layer corresponds to a dynamically reconfigurable system of behaviors implemented in the subsumption architecture. The ability of the robot to support alternate configurations of its behaviors provides the robot with increased robustness. We have conveniently labeled particular configurations as specific `emotions' according to the interpretation of observers of the robot's behavior. The second layer simulates the hormone system. The hormone system is modeled using state variables, increased or decreased by stimuli from the environment. The hormone condition selects the robot's most suitable emotion, according to the changing environments. The robot hardware is built of off-the-shelf parts, such as an embedded CPU, inexpensive home-appliance sensors, and small motors. These parts keep the total building cost to a minimum. The robot also has a vacuum cleaning function to demonstrate its capability to perform useful tasks. We tested the robot in our laboratory, and successfully videotaped its robust behaviors. We also confirmed the hormone system to enhance the robot's plasticity and lifelike quality.
Pyramiding of Meloidogyne hapla Resistance Genes in Potato Does Not Result in an Increase of Resistance (2009)

High levels of resistance against Meloidogyne hapla have been identified in wild species of tuber-bearing potatoes, but only QTL with partial effects have been identified so far in back crosses with cultivated potato. This study was designed to test if pyramiding of two previously identified resistance genes, R Mh-tar and R Mh-chc A, will result in improved or even an absolute level of resistance. R Mh-tar and R Mh-chc A introgressed from the wild tuber-bearing potato species Solanum tarijense and Solanum chacoense were combined in a segregating diploid Solanum tuberosum population. With the aid of AFLP markers, descendants from this segregating population were classified into four groups, carrying no R gene, with only R Mh-tar , with only R Mh-chc A and a group with the pyramided R Mh-tar and R Mh-chc A. Upon inoculation with M. hapla isolate Bovensmilde, the group containing only R Mh-chc A showed a decline of 88% in average number of developed egg masses compared to the group without R Mh-chc A and R Mh-tar . The group of genotypes containing only R Mh-tar , but not R Mh-chc A, showed a decline of 55% in the number of developed egg masses compared to the group without R Mh-chc A and R Mh-tar . Unfortunately, the latter effect of R Mh-tar was not significant. The effect of both loci, R Mh-tar and R Mh-chc A combined, did not further reduce the number of egg masses compared to the level of R Mh-chc A alone.
Synthesis of N‐(Fluorosulfonyl)iminosulfur Difluoride (1967)

Abstract For corrigendum see DOI: 10.1002/anie.196705711
Somatostatin induces translocation of the beta-adrenergic receptor kinase and desensitizes somatostatin receptors in S49 lymphoma cells. (1987)

The beta-adrenergic receptor kinase is a cytosolic enzyme that specifically phosphorylates the agonist-occupied form of the beta-adrenergic receptor (beta AR). Beta AR kinase appears to be translocated from the cytosol to the plasma membrane when kin- S49 lymphoma cells are incubated with either beta-adrenergic agonists or prostaglandin E1, both of which act through receptors which stimulate adenylate cyclase. We report here that brief (approximately 20 min) exposure of wild type S49 lymphoma cells to somatostatin (which inhibits adenylate cyclase) promotes the translocation of beta AR kinase to an extent comparable to that observed in the presence of the beta agonist isoproterenol or prostaglandin E1. Beta AR kinase activity can be measured using either beta AR or rhodopsin, the retinal receptor for light, as a substrate. The translocation process triggered by somatostatin is rapid, reversible, and is associated with somatostatin receptor desensitization. The latter is apparent as an attenuation of the inhibition by somatostatin of forskolin-stimulated adenylate cyclase activity in membranes of S49 cells preincubated in the presence of the peptide. These results strongly suggest that beta AR kinase is able to phosphorylate and desensitize both stimulatory and inhibitory adenylate cyclase-coupled receptors, thus emerging as a general kinase that regulates the function of different receptors in an agonist-specific fashion.
Chemical Treatment of Wheat Straw (1980)

An in vitro digestion study, a lamb growth trial and a lamb digestion trial were conducted to evaluate the effect of different NaOH and Ca(OH)2 treatments on the energy availability of wheat straw. In vitro dry matter disappearance (IVDMD) of wheat straw was increased 29% by chemical treatment with 1% NaOH plus 3% Ca(OH)2 and by as much as 86% by a 4% NaOH plus 1% Ca(OH)2 treatment. A significant amount of hemicellulose was solubilized by chemical treatment with NaOH and Ca(OH)2, but little cellulose was solubilized. Rate and extent of both hemicellulose and cellulose digestion of treated wheat straw were increased significantly in comparison to corresponding measures for untreated wheat straw. Lambs fed chemically-treated wheat straw gained significantly faster and more efficiently and consumed more dry matter per day than those fed untreated wheat straw diets. Chemical treatment of wheat straw significantly increased dry matter, organic matter cellulose and hemicellulose digestibilities in the lamb digestion trial. Organic matter digestibility was increased from 51.3% for untreated wheat straw to 65.3% for 4% NaOH-treated wheat straw.
Fundamental niche prediction of the pathogenic yeasts Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii in Europe (2017)

Fundamental niche prediction of Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii in Europe is an important tool to understand where these pathogenic yeasts have a high probability to survive in the environment and therefore to identify the areas with high risk of infection. In this study, occurrence data for C. neoformans and C. gattii were compared by MaxEnt software with several bioclimatic conditions as well as with soil characteristics and land use. The results showed that C. gattii distribution can be predicted with high probability along the Mediterranean coast. The analysis of variables showed that its distribution is limited by low temperatures during the coldest season, and by heavy precipitations in the driest season. C. neoformans var. grubii is able to colonize the same areas of C. gattii but is more tolerant to cold winter temperatures and summer precipitations. In contrast, the C. neoformans var. neoformans map was completely different. The best conditions for its survival were displayed in sub-continental areas and not along the Mediterranean coasts. In conclusion, we produced for the first time detailed prediction maps of the species and varieties of the C. neoformans and C. gattii species complex in Europe and Mediterranean area.
Enhanced tactile feedback (tele-taction) using a multi-functional sensory system (2002)

The safe and economic exploitation of remote manipulation techniques is dependent upon accurate, responsive handling abilities. This usually means the use of teleoperation. However, the construction and control of effective general purpose end-effectors remains complex, and tactile data collection by, and feedback from, these devices is at best primitive. This work studies the development of an advanced instrumented finger with multimodal tactile sensations ranging from contact pressure/force, to hardness, texture, temperature, slip, surface profile/shape, and thermal conductivity. This is integrated with a portable gloved tactile feedback unit providing the operator with directly stimulated feedback of tactile data (tele-taction) on the pressure, vibrational and thermal effects of the handling operation.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Advancement in CFB Technology: A Combination of Excellent Environmental Performance and High Efficiency (2005)

The CFB technology achieved its commercial breakthrough in the field of power generation in the late eighties as a result of: • very low emissions levels, without secondary measures, that allows the fulfillment of the more stringent environmental legislation; • and the capability to burn a wide range of fuels, that allows the utilization of opportunity fuels.