gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
AudioVMAF: Audio Quality Prediction with VMAF (2023)

Video Multimethod Assessment Fusion (VMAF) [1], [2], [3] is a popular tool in the industry for measuring coded video quality. In this study, we propose an auditory-inspired frontend in existing VMAF for creating videos of reference and coded spectrograms, and extended VMAF for measuring coded audio quality. We name our system AudioVMAF. We demonstrate that image replication is capable of further enhancing prediction accuracy, especially when band-limited anchors are present. The proposed method significantly outperforms all existing visual quality features repurposed for audio, and even demonstrates a significant overall improvement of 7.8% and 2.0% of Pearson and Spearman rank correlation coefficient, respectively, over a dedicated audio quality metric (ViSQOL-v3 [4]) also inspired from the image domain.
Ag13OsO6: A Silver Oxide with Interconnected Icosahedral Ag134+ Clusters and Dispersed [OsO6]4− Octahedra (2003)

Die Tendenz Silber-reicher Verbindungen zur Bildung höherer Agglomerate von Silberatomen oder -ionen ist ein bekanntes Phänomen. Mit dem ternären Ag13OsO6 wurde nun das erste Beispiel des Ag/Os/O-Systems synthetisiert. Es enthält neben [OsO6]4−-Oktaedern ikosaedrische Ag134+-Cluster (siehe Bild), die erstmalig in Silberoxid-Festkörpern beobachtet werden.
Long-term outcome associated with intratumoral chemotherapy with cisplatin for cutaneous tumors in equidae: 573 cases (1995–2004) (2007)

Results confirmed the value of intratumoral chemotherapy with cisplatin for treatment of cutaneous tumors in equidae. The results cannot be extrapolated to other formulations of cisplatin or other protocols that might be used.
Bone Marrow Myelopoiesis in Rats After 10%, 20%, or 30% Thermal Injury (1989)

The high incidence of serious opportunistic infections that follow thermal injuries is well documented. Normal levels of functioning leukocytes are essential to the host's ability to resist infection. This study examined alterations in murine granulopoiesis after the inducement of a standardized, sublethal, third-degree burn covering 10%, 20%, or 30% of the dorsal body surface area. Significant alterations arose in peripheral leukocyte concentrations after inducement of uncomplicated thermal injury. In general, within the first day of injury, all three trauma levels produced a peripheral leukocytosis that lasted for 35 days or more. The leukocytoses that followed 20% and 30% injuries were similar and in numerous respects paralleled previously reported human peripheral responses after similar levels of thermal trauma. Differential examinations of peripheral blood demonstrated the peripheral leukocytosis to be due primarily to the influx of morphologically mature-appearing polymorphonuclear neutrophils. Premature bone marrow release did not appear to be a factor as immature polymorphonuclear neutrophils were seldom greater than 2% of polymorphonuclear neutrophil totals. Bone marrow granulopoietic activity was examined by in vitro clonal cell culture techniques and assessed over a period of 35 days after injury. Granulocyte-macrophage colony forming cells (GM-CFC), indicative of marrow progenitor cell concentrations, were significantly increased for 28 to 35 days after 10% injury and 11 to 14 days after 20% or 30% injury. Normal or increased progenitor cell concentrations and a lack of morphologically appearing premature forms suggest that the leukocytosis is the result of injury-induced alteration(s) in polymorphonuclear neutrophil margination or release mechanisms.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Visualization of turbulent flow with particles (1993)

In this work a new method for visualization of three-dimensional turbulent flow using particle motion animation is presented. The method is based on Reynolds decomposition of a turbulent flow field into a convective and a turbulent motion. At each step of particle path generation a stochastic perturbation is added, resulting in random-walk motions of particles. A physical relation is established between the perturbations and the eddy-diffusivity, which is calculated in a turbulent flow simulation. The flow data used is a mean velocity field, and an eddy-diffusivity field. The erratic particle motions are more than just a visual effect, but represent a real physical phenomenon. An implementation of the method is described, and an example of a turbulent channel flow is given, which clearly shows the random particle motions in their context of general fluid motion patterns. >
Neointimal hyperplasia persists at six months after sirolimus-eluting stent implantation in diabetic porcine (2007)

Neointimal hyperplasia persisted at least up to 6 months after SES implantation in diabetic porcine, which may be partly related to an exaggerated inflammatory response within the blood vessel wall. Our results provide theoretical support for potential direct beneficial effects of anti-diabetic and anti-inflammation medications in reducing the risk of restenosis after stenting.
Liver: Hepatocellular carcinoma (2011)

Eastern Asia and sub-Saharan Africa are the most prevalent regions. Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a major risk factor. In some geographic areas (e.g. Asia, Southern Africa), aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is also considered to be a significant etiologic factor. Exposure to dietary AFB1 and chronic HBV infection are synergistic risk factors in chinese areas of high-HCC incidence. HCC is also a late complication of Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection as observed in Western countries and Japan. The prevalence of cirrhosis in individuals with HCC and chronic hepatitis B or C is reported to be 80 and 75 % respectively. Other etiologic factors include being male (sex ratio M/F = 4/1), the use of sex hormones (both androgens and progestins) and conditions associated with chronic necroinflammatory liver disease and cirrhosis such as alcohol consumption or metabolic disorders of the liver (i.e. hemochromatosis, Wilson's disease, citrullinemia or tyrosinemia).
A voice processing and control module for cable telephony applications (2003)

An IF-baseband multi-chip module, fabricated in 3.3V 0.35/spl mu/m mixed-signal and 1.8V 0.18 /spl mu/m digital CMOS provides OQPSK demodulation with carrier recovery, memory and control, voice-companding codecs, and SLIC interfaces (SIs) for a CATV telephony distribution system. The die area of the mixed-signal IC is 84.9mm/sup 2/ and 15.2mm/sup 2/ for the digital IC. The power dissipation is 660mW.
Chemistry of heterometallic carbidocarbonyl clusters. Synthesis and oxidation of the cluster (octahedro-Fe/sub 5/Ni(. mu. /sub 6//sup in/-C)(CO)/sub 15/)/sup 2 -/ (1987)

The synthesis of the iron-nickel clusters (Fe/sub 5/NiC(CO)/sub 15/)/sup 2 -/ and (HFe/sub 3/Ni(CO)/sub 12/)/sup -/ by reacting the carbonyl-containing complexes of iron Fe(CO)/sub 5/), (Fe/sub 5/C(CO)/sub 14/)/sup 2 -/, and (Fe/sub 6/C(CO)/sub 10/)/sup 2 -/ with nickel chloride, which undergoes reduction and carbonylation and participates in the cluster-formation process, has been examined. The variation of the direction of the oxidation of the cluster (Fe/sub 5/NiC(CO)/sub 15/)/sup 2 -/ as a function of the conditions under which it is carried out, where either elimination of the heteroatom, i.e., (Fe/sub 5/NiC(CO)/sub 15/)/sup 2 -/ ..-->.. Fe/sub 5/C(CO)/sub 15/, or its retention in the cluster skeleton, i.e., (Fe/sub 5/NiC(CO)/sub 15/)/sup 2 -/ ..-->.. Fe/sub 5/NiC(CO)/sub 16/, as a result of the replacement of two electrons by a CO molecule liberated upon the partial decomposition of the original cluster is observed, has been investigated. The possibility of the replacement of one heteroatom in a cluster polyhedron by another heteroatom with maintenance of the main cluster-forming element Fe has also been demonstrated for the first time in the example of the reaction of (Fe/sub 5/NiC(CO)/sub 15/)/sup 2 -/ with (Rh(CO)/sub 2/Cl)/sub 2/.
Characterizing Nanoscale Topography of the Aortic Heart Valve Basement Membrane for Tissue Engineering Heart Valve Scaffold Design (2006)

A fully effective prosthetic heart valve has not yet been developed. A successful tissue-engineered valve prosthetic must contain a scaffold that fully supports valve endothelial cell function. Recently, topographic features of scaffolds have been shown to influence the behavior of a variety of cell types and should be considered in rational scaffold design and fabrication. The basement membrane of the aortic valve endothelium provides important parameters for tissue engineering scaffold design. This study presents a quantitative characterization of the topographic features of the native aortic valve endothelial basement membrane; topographical features were measured, and quantitative data were generated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and light microscopy. Optimal conditions for basement membrane isolation were established. Histological, immunohistochemical, and TEM analyses following decellularization confirmed basement membrane integrity. SEM and AFM photomicrographs of isolated basement membrane were captured and quantitatively analyzed. The basement membrane of the aortic valve has a rich, felt-like, 3-D nanoscale topography, consisting of pores, fibers, and elevations. All features measured were in the sub-100 nm range. No statistical difference was found between the fibrosal and ventricular surfaces of the cusp. These data provide a rational starting point for the design of extracellular scaffolds with nanoscale topographic features that mimic those found in the native aortic heart valve basement membrane.
SRAM delay fault modeling and test algorithm development (2004)

With the advent of deep-submicron VLSI technologies, the working speed of SRAM circuits has grown to a level that at-speed testing of SRAM has become an important issue. In this paper, we present delay fault models for SRAM, i.e., the faults that affect the access time of the SRAM circuit. We also develop the test algorithm that detects these faults. The proposed SRAM delay-fault test algorithm has a complexity of Read/Write operations, where is the number of words and is the word count in a row.
A Strategy for the Selective Imaging of Glycans Using Caged Metabolic Precursors (2010)

Glycans can be imaged by metabolic labeling with azidosugars followed by chemical reaction with imaging probes; however, tissue-specific labeling is difficult to achieve. Here we describe a strategy for the use of a caged metabolic precursor that is activated for cellular metabolism by enzymatic cleavage. An N-azidoacetylmannosamine derivative caged with a peptide substrate for the prostate-specific antigen (PSA) protease was converted to cell-surface azido sialic acids in a PSA-dependent manner. The approach has applications in tissue-selective imaging of glycans for clinical and basic research purposes.
COMBINATORIAL CARBOHYDRATES (1998)

RETURN TO ISSUEPREVNewsNEXTCOMBINATORIAL CARBOHYDRATESProspects are looking sweet for use of sugar-based combinatorial libraries to find novel bioactive substancesSTU BORMANView Author Information C&EN WashingtonCite this: Chem. Eng. News 1998, 76, 29, 49–52Publication Date (Print):July 20, 1998Publication History Published online16 November 2010Published inissue 20 July 1998https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cen-v076n029.p049https://doi.org/10.1021/cen-v076n029.p049newsACS PublicationsCopyright © 1998 American Chemical SocietyArticle Views4Altmetric-Citations1LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options SUBJECTS:Molecules Get e-Alerts
Gradient Alignment in Deep Neural Networks. (2020)

One cornerstone of interpretable deep learning is the high degree of visual alignment that input-gradients, i.e.,the gradients of the output w.r.t. inputs, exhibit with the input data. This alignment is assumed to arise as a result of the model's generalization, justifying its use for interpretability. However, recent work has shown that it is possible to 'fool' models into having arbitrary gradients while achieving good generalization, thus falsifying the assumption above. This leaves an open question: if not generalization, what causes input-gradients to align with input data? 
In this work, we first show that it is simple to 'fool' input-gradients using the shift-invariance property of softmax, and that gradient structure is unrelated to model generalization. Second, we re-interpret the logits of standard classifiers as unnormalized log-densities of the data distribution, and find that we can improve this gradient alignment via a generative modelling objective called this http URL show this, we derive a novel approximation to the score-matching objective that eliminates the need for expensive Hessian computations, which may be of independent interest.Our experiments help us identify one factor that causes input-gradient alignment in models, that being the approximate generative modelling behaviour of the normalized logit distributions.
Excellent Corrosion Resistance of Dual‐Phase Bimodal Stainless Steel (2019)

Bimodal microstructures in metals are attractive because they help in achieving high strength and good ductility simultaneously thereby circumventing the strength‐ductility paradox. However, there are few reports and limited understanding of the surface degradation behavior of bimodal alloys. Here, the authors report on the exceptional corrosion resistance of bimodal stainless steel developed using a simple single‐step processing route. The microstructure of bimodal steel comprises of fine martensite (≈200–400 nm) in a matrix of coarse austenitic grains (≈10 μm). The bimodal steel shows significantly lower corrosion rate of 0.001 mm/year in 3.5 wt% NaCl solution compared to 0.088 mm/year for commercially available SS316L stainless steel. The exceptional corrosion behavior of bimodal steel is attributed to favorable electronic properties of its passive layer. Formation of a depletion zone in the passive layer and higher chromium fraction limits the charge transport across metal‐oxide‐solution interface. The current microstructural design strategy is potentially transformative for developing high‐performance structural materials with superior corrosion resistance.
ChemInform Abstract: FK041, a Novel Orally Active Cephalosporin: Synthesis and Biological Properties. (1998)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Trap assisted avalanche instability and safe operating area concerns in AlGaN/GaN HEMTs (2017)

This work reports the very first systematic study on the physics of avalanche instability and SOA concerns in AlGaN/GaN HEMT using sub-μs pulse characterization, post stress degradation analysis, well calibrated TCAD simulations and failure analysis by SEM and TEM. Impact of electrical, as well as thermal effects on SOA boundary and avalanche instability are investigated. Trap assisted cumulative nature of degradation is studied in detail, which was discovered to be the root cause for avalanche instability in AlGaN/GaN HEMTs. Post failure SEM/TEM analysis reveal distinct failure modes in presence and absence of carrier trapping.
(Poly)phenols of apples contribute to in vitro antidiabetic properties: Assessment of Canada's Apple Biodiversity Collection (2022)

Societal Impact Statement Apples are affordable and accessible fruit with tremendous biodiversity. Among over 10,000 identified apple cultivars, only a few are commercially available. Habitual fruit consumption is correlated with the prevention of Type 2 diabetes and related complications. Particularly, (poly)phenols found in apples are major contributors to their antidiabetic properties. Here, we have screened (poly)phenol‐rich extracts of 476 apple accessions in Canada's Apple Biodiversity Collection for antidiabetic properties. The results of this work provide insights into the prevention and management of Type 2 diabetes by identifying high (poly)phenol‐containing specialty apples for use in fresh fruit form or value‐added functional food ingredients. Summary The recent trend in sedentary lifestyles and nutritionally‐imbalanced diets has elevated the prevalence of Type 2 diabetes in many parts of the world. Some pharmacological glycemic management can cause undesirable gastrointestinal side effects or hypoglycemia. Thus, there is a growing interest in safe glycemic management using dietary (poly)phenols. In this study, (poly)phenol‐rich extracts of 476 apple accessions from Canada's Apple Biodiversity Collection (ABC) and six major apple (poly)phenols were assessed for in vitro antidiabetic properties against the activities of α‐glucosidase, α‐amylase, and dipeptidyl peptidase‐4 (DPP‐4) and the formation of advanced glycation end products (AGE). Apple (poly)phenol extracts varied in their antidiabetic activities in a dose‐dependent manner. High (poly)phenol‐containing apples demonstrated that their total phenolic contents (TPC) were inversely correlated with the IC 50 values of α‐glucosidase, α‐amylase, and AGE formation, but not DPP‐4. Concentrations of major (poly)phenol compounds such as procyanidin B2, phloridzin, and epicatechin in apples were significantly inversely correlated with IC 50 values of α‐glucosidase in the high (poly)phenol‐containing apples. High TPC apples are not suitable for marketing for fresh fruit consumption due to bitterness and astringency; however, these apples show potential to use in the development of value‐added functional food ingredients or nutraceuticals for blood glucose management. The high TPC apple, “S23‐03‐749,” an advanced breeding line of dessert apple, presents a novel option as a specialty apple cultivar for the dietary management of glycemia.
Effect of reduced cardiac output on blood stasis on transcatheter aortic valve leaflets: implications for valve thrombosis (2017)

This study indicates an association between reduced CO and increased blood stasis on the TAV leaflets which can be regarded as a precursor of valve thrombosis.
Unreduced Chronic Dislocation of the Humeral Head With Ipsilateral Humeral Shaft Fracture (2005)

The purpose of reporting this case is to illustrate a treatment plan for a chronically anteriorly dislocated shoulder associated with an ipsilateral humerus fracture, a condition heretofore not addressed in the literature to our knowledge. An 18-year-old female, left hand dominant, injured her left upper extremity and liver in a motor vehicle accident. X-rays at time of injury revealed a diaphyseal facture of her left humerus. No x-rays of the shoulder were taken at time of injury. Treatment consisted of a plaster cast application and discharge at 1 week. The patient was seen again 4 weeks postinjury, at which time only humerus films were taken and the immobilization was continued. At 45 days postinjury, the patient complained of left shoulder pain, and shoulder x-rays at that time revealed an anterior subcoracoid dislocation of the left humeral head. At surgery 52 days postinjury, the humeral shaft fracture was found to be unstable and external fixation of both the fracture (2 pins above and below the fracture) and the reduced but still unstable humeral head was performed (a pin through the humeral head into the glenoid). The external fixator was removed at 3 weeks, and at a 3-year follow-up, the patient had acquired nearly full range of motion of her shoulder without pain and no significant limitations of her arm movements or activities. In conclusion, given a patient with a chronic anteriorly dislocated shoulder and a healing ipsilateral shaft fracture, an external fixation stabilization of both the fracture and the relocated repaired dislocation is a viable treatment option.
An Automatic Tool for Quantification of Nerve Fibers in Corneal Confocal Microscopy Images (2016)

CCM is a novel in vivo imaging modality that has the potential to be a noninvasive and objective image biomarker for peripheral neuropathy. Automatic quantification of nerve morphology is a major step forward in the early diagnosis and assessment of progression, and, in particular, for use in clinical trials to establish therapeutic benefit in diabetic and other peripheral neuropathies.
Bench-Top Method for Fabricating Glass-Sealed Nanodisk Electrodes, Glass Nanopore Electrodes, and Glass Nanopore Membranes of Controlled Size (2007)

A simple benchtop method of fabricating glass-sealed nanometer-sized Au and Pt disk electrodes, glass nanopore electrodes, and glass nanopore membranes is reported. The synthesis of all three structures is initiated by sealing the tips of electrochemically sharpened Au and Pt microwires into glass membranes at the end of a soda lime or lead glass capillary. Pt and Au nanodisk electrodes are obtained by hand polishing using a high-input impedance metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor (MOSFET)-based circuit to monitor the radius of the metal disk. Proper biasing of the MOSFET circuit, based on a numerical analysis of the polishing circuit impedance, allows for the reproducible fabrication of Pt disk electrodes of radii as small as 10 nm. Significantly smaller background currents in voltammetric measurements are obtained using lead glass capillaries, a consequence of the lower mobility of Pb(2+) (relative to Na(+)) in the glass matrix. Glass nanopore electrodes and glass nanopore membranes are fabricated, respectively, by removal of part or all of the metal sealed in the glass membranes. The nanostructures are characterized by atomic force microscopy, steady-state voltammetry, and ion conductivity measurements.