gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Flexible Three Phase Brushless DC Motor Driver for medium radiation level (2017)

Robotic systems can provide an excellent on-site or remote support for astronauts during routine tasks and perform even autonomous tasks during exploration missions. New systems like the robotic arm CAESAR, the fourfingered robotic hand Spacehand, small exploration systems like MASCOT or several Pan-Tilt-Units on rovers emphasize the need for a highly integrated, high performance motor controller with a small foot print. This paper presents a three Phase brushless DC Motor Driver for medium radiation levels which was developed at the Institute of Robotics and Mechatronics of the German Aerospace Center (DLR). This module is able to withstand 120W of continuous motor power, offers interfaces for analogue and digital motor position measurements as well as a standard high level communication interface on a single board with an extremely small footprint. Due to its small footprint, multiple boards could be used within a robotic system to drive multiple motors synchronously. Simulations have been performed to show the increase in performance that can be achieved through the simultaneous motion of multiple actuators. A potential application is MASCOT-2 (Mobile Asteroid Surface sCOuT), which is analyzed as a case study to present the benefits of a multi-actuator system for relocation and attitude control in low-gravity environments.
Mercury in organic chemistry. 29. An improved, stereospecific approach to vinylmercurials via hydroboration-mercuration of alkynes (1984)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMercury in organic chemistry. 29. An improved, stereospecific approach to vinylmercurials via hydroboration-mercuration of alkynesRichard C. Larock and Krishnaswamy NarayananCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1984, 49, 18, 3411–3413Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1984Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1984https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00192a042https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00192a042research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views122Altmetric-Citations12LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Extradomain-B Fibronectin is a molecular marker of invasive breast cancer cells (2019)

Abstract Breast tumor heterogeneity is a major impediment to oncotherapy. Tumor cells undergo rapid clonal evolution, thereby acquiring significant growth and invasive advantages. The absence of specific markers of these high-risk tumors precludes efficient therapeutic and diagnostic management of breast cancer. Given the critical function of tumor microenvironment in the oncogenic circuitry, we sought to determine the role of the extracellular matrix oncoprotein, extradomain-B fibronectin (EDB-FN), as a molecular marker of aggressive cancers. High-risk invasive cell lines generated from relatively less invasive MCF7 and MDA-MB-468 breast cancer cells by long-term TGF-β treatment and chemoresistance demonstrated hybrid epithelial-mesenchymal phenotype, enhanced motility, and significantly elevated EDB-FN levels in 2D- and 3D-cultures. To determine if EDB-FN could serve as a therapy-predictive marker, the invasive cell lines were treated with MK2206-HCl, a pan-AKT inhibitor. Phospho-AKT depletion reduced EMT and invasion of the populations, with a concomitant decrease in EDB-FN expression, partly through the phosphoAKT-SRp55 pathway, demonstrating that EDB-FN expression is strongly associated with high-risk breast cancer. EDB-FN is a promising molecular marker for accurate detection, differential diagnosis, and non-invasive therapeutic surveillance of aggressive breast cancer. Summary Statement Dynamic changes in invasive properties of breast cancer cells directly influence extradomain-B fibronectin levels, suggesting its potential role as a molecular marker for active surveillance and therapeutic monitoring of breast cancer.
The stroke navigator: meaningful use of the electronic health record to efficiently report inpatient stroke care quality (2018)

To facilitate high-quality inpatient care for stroke patients, we built a system within our electronic health record (EHR) to identify stroke patients while they are in the hospital; capture necessary data in the EHR to minimize the burden of manual abstraction for stroke performance measures, decreasing daily time requirement from 2 hours to 15 minutes; generate reports using an automated process; and electronically transmit data to third parties. Provider champions and support from the EHR development team ensured that we balanced the needs of the hospital with those of frontline providers. This work summarizes the development and implementation of our stroke quality system.
Doping Control Analysis of 16 Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs in Equine Plasma Using Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry (2014)

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are classified as Class 4 agents by the Association of Racing Commissioners International and are banned in racehorses during competition in Pennsylvania (PA). To control the abuse of these agents in racehorses competing in PA, a forensic method for screening and confirmation of the presence of these agents is needed. Equine plasma (0.5 mL) was acidified with 75 μL 1M H3PO4 to increase recovery of the analytes by liquid-liquid extraction using methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE). Extracted analytes were separated by reversed-phase liquid chromatography using a C8 column under gradient condition. All 16 analytes were detected, quantified and confirmed using a triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry with selected reaction monitoring (SRM) in both negative and positive electrospray ionization modes. The limit of detection, quantification and confirmation of the analytes were 1.0 - 5.0 ng/mL, 1.0 - 5.0 ng/mL and 1.0 - 20 ng/mL, respectively. The linear dynamic range of quantification was 5.0 - 200 ng/mL. The method is routinely used in anti-doping analysis to control the abuse of NSAIDs in racehorses competing in PA.
Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Tanzawaic Acid Derivatives from a Marine-Derived Fungus Penicillium steckii 108YD142 (2016)

Chemical investigation of a marine-derived fungus, Penicillium steckii 108YD142, resulted in the discovery of a new tanzawaic acid derivative, tanzawaic acid Q (1), together with four known analogues, tanzawaic acids A (2), C (3), D (4), and K (5). The structures of tanzawaic acid derivatives 1-5 were determined by the detailed analysis of 1D, 2D NMR and LC-MS data, along with chemical methods and literature data analysis. These compounds significantly inhibited nitric oxide (NO) production and the new tanzawaic acid Q (1) inhibited the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) proteins and mRNA expressions in RAW 264.7 macrophages. Additionally, compound 1 reduced the mRNA levels of inflammatory cytokines. Taken together, the results of this study demonstrated that the new tanzawaic acid derivative inhibits LPS-induced inflammation. This is the first report on the anti-inflammatory activity of tanzawaic acid Q (1).
A Chemically Intelligent Antimicrobial Coating for Urologic Devices (2000)

Contact biocides are a relatively new form of infection-resistant materials. Surfacine is a silver based antimicrobial coating that can be immobilized on the surface of most alloplastic materials used to fabricate devices. It exhibits broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity exclusively at the surface without elution and does not induce antimicrobial activity in contacting fluids such as urine regardless of volume. Because it is permanently immobilized on the material surface, the coating is nontoxic to cells and is not anticipated to exhibit immunogenicity, teratogenicity, or carcinogenicity.
Theoretical and Empirical Studies on the Catalytic Partial Oxidation of Methane Promoted by FeY and Fe(piperazine)Y Complexes (Y = Y-zeolite) (2011)

In this study, we synthesized and characterized zeolite-encapsulated Fe(III) complexes containing piperazine-derived ligands. The catalytic activity of these complexes was tested in the partial oxidation of methane to methanol using O2 as a low-pressure oxidant. Values for methane conversion of up to 1.2% with methanol selectivity of up to 6.7% were obtained. The experimental data were compared with thermodynamic simulation results for the reaction that takes place as a basic principle, the minimization of Gibbs free energy.
Controlled source audio-magnetotelluric (CSAMT) resistivity measurements for in situ combustion (1982)

The resistivity changes of an oil bearing formation as a firefront sweeps through were investigated. This information is important to an understanding of the CSAMT apparent resistivity maps made of thermal fronts associated with enhanced oil recovery processes. Resistivity measurements were made in a combustion tube used to simulate in situ combustion recovery. It was found that the resistivity of the formation increased by two decades as the firefront passed through the medium.
Antibodies against human heat-shock protein (hsp) 60 and mycobacterial hsp65 differ in their antigen specificity and complement-activating ability (1999)

Although complement activation appears to have an important role both in the early and late phases of atherosclerosis, the exact mechanism of the initiation of this activation is still unknown. Since injuries of the endothelial cells are known to result in increased stress-protein expression we tested the complement-activating ability of recombinant human 60 kDa heat-shock protein (hsp60). Human hsp60 was found to activate the complement system in normal human serum in a dose-dependent manner. Activation took place through the classical pathway. The lack of complement activation in agammaglobulinemic serum indicates that the classical pathway is triggered by anti-hsp60 antibodies. Hsp60 activated complement in the sera of 74 patients with coronary heart disease as well, and a strong positive correlation (r = 0.459, P < 0.0001) was found between the extent of complement activation and the level of anti-hsp60 IgG antibodies but there was no correlation to the level of anti-hsp65 IgG antibodies. Further distinction between anti-hsp60 and anti-hsp65 antibodies was obtained from competitive ELISA experiments: binding of anti-hsp60 antibodies to hsp60-coated plates was inhibited only by recombinant hsp60 and vice versa. Our present findings indicate that anti-hsp60 and anti-hsp65 antibodies are distinct, showing only partial cross-reactivity. Since complement activation plays an important role in the development of atherosclerosis and the levels of complement-activating anti-hsp60 antibodies are elevated in atherosclerosis-related diseases, our present findings may have important pathological implications.
Computational Fluid Dynamics Analysis of Hydrodynamic Bearings of the VentrAssist Rotary Blood Pump (2000)

The computational fluid dynamics (CFD) package CFX-TASCflow was applied to simulate the flows through the blood pump hydrodynamic bearings. The three-dimensional flow patterns through the bearings were predicted and the hydraulic performance analyzed. The computations were carried out at 3 axial positions of the pump impeller. Net lift force away from the nearer part of the housing increased when the impeller moved closer to this part. Radial force and drag force were also found. Separated flows were observed at the leading and trailing edge of the bearing gap. To test the CFD package, a series of two-dimensional computations were also carried out for various bearing geometries. The results were compared with published experimental data.
Crystallization: Particle Size Control (2013)

Crystallization is the main separation and purification step for the manufacturing of drug substances. This entry first describes product characterization for pharmaceutical crystals in terms of particle size control, then explains the significance of metastable zones for the operation of crystallization and describes an automated method for the determination of metastable zones, and lastly it discusses the direct design approach for the development of cooling and antisolvent batch crystallization.
Electrochemical Engineering Fundamentals (2011)

This chapter contains sections titled: Electrical Current/Voltage, Faraday's Laws, Electric Ef.ciency, and Mass Balance Electrode Potentials and Electrode–Electrolyte Interfaces Electrode Kinetics (Charger Transfer (Butler–Volmer Equation) and Mass Transfer (Diffusion Laws)) Porous Electrode Theory (Kinetic and Diffusion) Structure, Design, and Fabrication of Electrochemical Devices Nanomaterials in Electrochemical Applications References
Applying Change, (Social) Network and PR Theories to Introduce Social Media-Based Internal Communication (2012)

Global, fast-moving societies also require organizations to provide increasingly flexible structures and thinking patterns. This not only applies to commercial corporations and companies, but also ministries, such as the German Federal Foreign Office (FFO).Referring first to Change, Network and PR Theories (section 1), this paper presents results of a new study on internal communication done in 2010 within this ministry (section 2). This comprised a content analysis of the ministry's internal communications, an online employee survey distributed to 1500 employees, and some face-to-face interviews on particular issues.The findings of the research show very clearly that leadership and communication are amongst the decisive indicators in the change process, and that building networks in these situations is a core success factors for modern internal PR. They also indicate that the role of internal communication will shift its focus in the future from a top-down communication to real interaction less controlled by management, e.g. using social media. The conclusion (section 3) shows that this is the only way in which internal communication will be quick and flexible enough to deal with rapidly changing environments.
ChemInform Abstract: 5‐(Z)‐Oct‐2‐enyltetrahydrofuran‐2‐one as a Key Intermediate in the Synthesis of Leukotriene B4. (1989)

Abstract The title compound (I) is used for the preparation of the known LTB4 intermediate (VIII).
Outcome of VATS Lobectomy for Elderly Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: A Propensity Score-Matched Study (2015)

VATS lobectomy for non-small-cell lung cancer in patients ≥75 years were feasible with increased morbidity but similar mortality. The resected elderly patients were more frequently associated with non-cancer-specific death.
Augmentor: An Image Augmentation Library for Machine Learning (2017)

Augmentor is an image augmentation library for machine learning. It provides a stochastic, pipeline-based API for the generation of image data by effectively allowing new image data to be sampled at runtime according to a user-defined set of operations and parameters. Common operations include arbitrary rotations, mirroring, shearing, skewing, and random crops, as well as less frequently implemented operations such as randomised elastic distortions or random erasing (Simard et al.
Bias in Data-driven AI Systems - An Introductory Survey (2020)

AI-based systems are widely employed nowadays to make decisions that have far-reaching impacts on individuals and society. Their decisions might affect everyone, everywhere and anytime, entailing concerns about potential human rights issues. Therefore, it is necessary to move beyond traditional AI algorithms optimized for predictive performance and embed ethical and legal principles in their design, training and deployment to ensure social good while still benefiting from the huge potential of the AI technology. The goal of this survey is to provide a broad multi-disciplinary overview of the area of bias in AI systems, focusing on technical challenges and solutions as well as to suggest new research directions towards approaches well-grounded in a legal frame. In this survey, we focus on data-driven AI, as a large part of AI is powered nowadays by (big) data and powerful Machine Learning (ML) algorithms. If otherwise not specified, we use the general term bias to describe problems related to the gathering or processing of data that might result in prejudiced decisions on the bases of demographic features like race, sex, etc.
M68000 8-/16-/32-BIT microprocessors user's manual (1991)

Unlike conventional potentiometric goniometers, flexible electrogoniometers do not suffer from any alignment problems with respect to the joint axis. We hypothesized that flexible goniometers provide more valid measurements in that they avoid some biomechanical pitfalls. With both devices simultaneously we measured the movements of dorsal flexion of the ankle and flexion of the knee in three healthy subjects. In the various subjects, this comparison showed that the flexible goniometers signalled ankle excursion greater by 19-40% with the foot remaining in neutral position or being simultaneously pronated, and lower by 10-21% with the foot being simultaneously supinated. At the knee the flexible goniometers signalled a flexion greater by 24-32%, with respect to potentiometric goniometers. Biomechanical considerations support the validity of records taken with flexible goniometers, potentiometric measures being biased by (a) multijoint, multiplane motions underlying foot dorsal flexion, and (b) multiaxis motion underlying knee flexion RELEVANCE: In measurements of angles between adjacent body segments, flexible goniometers should be preferred to potentiometric goniometers despite their higher cost. Flexible goniometers not only are more practical: more importantly, they provide a valid measure of relative orientations in one plane, regardless of the number and different concurrent motions of the underlying joints.
Reliable Detection of Causal Asymmetries in Dynamical Systems (2020)

Knowledge about existence, strength, and dominant direction of causal influences is of paramount importance for understanding complex systems. With limited amounts of realistic data, however, current methods for investigating causal links among different observables from dynamical systems suffer from ambiguous results. Missing is a statistically well defined approach that avoids false positive detections while being sensitive for weak interactions. Ideally, it should be able to infer directed causal influences also when synchronizations occur. The proposed method exploits local inflations of manifolds to obtain estimates of upper bounds on the information loss among state reconstructions from two observables. It comes with a test for the absence of causal influences. Simulated data demonstrate that it is robust to intrinsic noise, copes with synchronizations, and tolerates also measurement noise.
Ras Transgene Expression in TG-AC Mice Treated with Benzo[a]pyrene (2003)

Transgene expression and skin tumorigenicity were investigated in transgenic TG-AC mice carrying the v-Ha-ras after treatment with benzo[a]pyrene (BP). Animals treated with 40 microg BP (x2/week/mouse) showed 100% tumor response after 25 weeks, as did 40% of the mice treated with 20 microg BP but 10 microg BP did not produce a tumor response. In the case of animals treated with 40 microg BP for 25 weeks, most of the tumors were proven to be carcinomas (80%, 4 out of 5 mice), and all tumors were shown to be positive in terms of transgene expression detected by in situ hybridization. These data suggest that BP was tumorigenic in a dose-dependent manner in TG-AC mice and that TG-AC mice were dependent on transgene expression during BP carcinogenesis.
Transient Impairment of Islet Architectural Development in Pancreas-Specific Bmpr1a- Deleted Prenatal Mice Involves Reduced Expression of E-Cadherin (2017)

Bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling plays critical roles on the development of a large array of embryonic organs and promotes the in vitro formation of pancreatic cystoid colonies containing insulin-producing cells. However, this signaling and its underlying mechanism on in vivo development of prenatal pancreas have not been clearly understood. To address these questions, we analyzed, with a variety of techniques, the prenatal mouse pancreas after Pdx1 (the pancreas and duodenum homeobox factor 1 gene)-driving deletion of the BMP receptor type 1a gene (Bmpr1a). In this study, we report that the Pdx1-driving deletion of Bmpr1a transiently disrupted only the assembly of architectural structure of prenatal islets. The differentiation of endocrine lineage cells and the development of pancreatic acinar tissue were comparable between Bmpr1a-deleted fetuses and -undeleted Controls throughout the period examined. Molecular studies revealed that among many proteins surveyed, the key cell-cell interaction molecule E-cadherin (E-cad) only was expressed significantly less at both messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein levels in Bmpr1a-deleted than Control fetal endocrine cells. We thus conclude that BMP signaling transiently regulates the expression of E-cad and the establishment of prenatal islet architecture.
Distance Estimation Between Wireless Sensor Nodes Using RSSI and CSI with Bounded-Error Estimation and Theory of Evidence for a Landslide Monitoring System (2021)

The wireless sensor network (WSN) deployed in a landslide-prone area is equipped with sensors capturing environmental parameters, e.g., rainfall, moisture, etc. Among them, the ground displacement rate is essential. However, measuring it requires additional sensors such as an extensometer and their installation by the specialist. This study aims to utilize some information available in the WSN without addition to do the task. The received signal strength indicator (RSSI) and the channel state information (CSI) are used in this work since they relate to the distance between nodes. However, both are sensitive to environmental noise, resulting in an inaccurately estimated displacement. Therefore, a new information fusion framework based on bounded-error estimation is proposed to improve the accuracy. Under this framework, the theory of evidence is used to model variable uncertainties. Experimental results showed that the accuracy of the proposed method was increased by at least approximately 4.5% compared to conventional ones.