gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Power Conversion Techniques Using Multi-Phase Transformer: Configurations, Applications, Issues and Recommendations (2021)

Recently, the superiority of multi-phase systems in comparison to three-phase energy systems has been demonstrated with regards to power generation, transmission, distribution, and utilization in particular. Generally, two techniques, specifically semiconductor converter and special transformers (static and passive transformation) have been commonly employed for power generation by utilizing multi-phase systems from the available three-phase power system. The generation of multi-phase power at a fixed frequency by utilizing the static transformation method presents certain advantages compared to semiconductor converters such as reliability, cost-effectiveness, efficiency, and lower total harmonics distortion (THD). Multi-phase transformers are essential to evaluate the parameters of a multi-phase motor, as they require a multi-phase signal that is pure sine wave in nature. However, multi-phase transformers are not suitable for variable frequency applications. Moreover, they have shortcomings with regard to impedance mismatching, the unequal number of turns which lead to inaccurate results in per phase equivalent circuits, which results in an imbalance output in phase voltages and currents. Therefore, this paper aims to investigate multi-phase power transformation from a three-phase system and examine the different static multi-phase transformation techniques. In line with this matter, this study outlines various theories and configurations of transformers, including three-phase to five-, seven-, eleven-, and thirteen-phase transformers. Moreover, the review discusses impedance mismatching, voltage unbalance, and per phase equivalent circuit modeling and fault analysis in multi-phase systems. Moreover, various artificial intelligence-based optimization techniques such as particle swarm optimization (PSO) and the genetic algorithm (GA) are explored to address various existing issues. Finally, the review delivers effective future suggestions that would serve as valuable opportunities, guidelines, and directions for power engineers, industries, and decision-makers to further research on multi-phase transformer improvements towards sustainable operation and management.
MEMS Mirror Manufacturing and Testing for Innovative Space Applications (2020)

In the framework of the GLARE-X (Geodesy via LAser Ranging from spacE X) project, led by INFN and funded for the years 2019-2021, aiming at significantly advance space geodesy, one shows the initial activities carried out in 2019 in order to manufacture and test adaptive mirrors. This specific article deals with manufacturing and surface quality measurements of the passive substrate of 'candidate' MEMS (Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems) mirrors for MRRs (Modulated RetroReflectors); further publications will show the active components. The project GLARE-X was approved by INFN for the years 2019-2021: it involves several institutions, including, amongst the other, INFN-LNF and FBK. GLARE-X is an innovative R&amp;D activity, whose at large space geodesy goals will concern the following topics: inverse laser ranging (from a laser terminal in space down to a target on a planet), laser ranging for debris removal and iterative orbit correction, development of high-end ToF (Time of Flight) electronics, manufacturing and testing of MRRs for space, and provision of microreflectors for future NEO (Near Earth Orbit) cubesats. This specific article summarizes the manufacturing and surface quality measurements activities performed on the passive substrate of 'candidate' MEMS mirrors, which will be in turn arranged into MRRs. The final active components, to be realized by 2021, will inherit the manufacturing characteristics chosen thanks to the presented (and further) testing campaigns, and will find suitable space application to NEO, Moon, and Mars devices, like, for example, cooperative and active lidar scatterers for laser altimetry and lasercomm support.
ChemInform Abstract: A New Method for the Synthesis of 3‐Pyrrolin‐2‐one Derivatives. (1995)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Genetic diversity ofToxoplasma gondiiin animals and humans (2009)

Toxoplasma gondii is one of the most widespread parasites of domestic, wild, and companion animals, and it also commonly infects humans. Toxoplasma gondii has a complex life cycle. Sexual development occurs only in the cat gut, while asexual replication occurs in many vertebrate hosts. These features combine to create an unusual population structure. The vast majority of strains in North America and Europe fall into three recently derived, clonal lineages known as types I, II and III. Recent studies have revealed that South American strains are more genetically diverse and comprise distinct genotypes. These differences have been shaped by infrequent sexual recombination, population sweeps and biogeography. The majority of human infections that have been studied in North America and Europe are caused by type II strains, which are also common in agricultural animals from these regions. In contrast, several diverse genotypes of T. gondii are associated with severe infections in humans in South America. Defining the population structure of T. gondii from new regions has important implications for transmission, immunogenicity and pathogenesis.
MHD equilibrium and stability of NUWMAK (1978)

NUWMAK is a high power density, noncircular conceptual tokamak fusion reactor design. The device is found to be magnetohydrodynamically stable except for vertical instability due to bad curvature of the external B/sub z/ field. The MHD equilibrium properties of NUWMAK are obtained by solving the Grad-Shafranov equation numerically. Only 8 equilibrium field coils are required to provide plasma equilibrium and proper shape control. The average plasma power density is about 10.1 MW/m/sup 3/ and the neutron wall loading is 4.3 MW/m/sup 2/. The plasma current is 7.2 MA, the major radius is 5.13 m, the plasma width is 1.13 m and the plasma height to width ratio is 1.64. The on-axis magnetic field is 6.05 Tesla and toroidal ..beta.. is 6% while the safety factor q at edge is found to be 2.63.
Cómo filosofar hoy (2005)

A partir de la pregunta por las posibilidades del filosofar hoy el autor realiza sucesivos desplazamientos, primero hacia el sentido del tiempo en la actualidad, posteriormente hacia los multirelatos latinoamericanos que se nos ofrecen como esquematizaciones del tiempo humano para realizar luego un ejercicio hermeneutico en torno a las relaciones entre especulacion y narracion; narracion y liberacion; lo memorable y la fuerza del prersente. No debemos olvidar que existe una memoria del futuro asi como una imaginacion del pasado. La gran narrativa latinoamerica se nos presenta ahora como ese Teatro de la Memoria que nos describe Carlos Fuentes en Terra Nostra:. Un teatro en donde las imagenes que integran todas las posibilidades del pasado, tambien representan todas las oportunidades del futuro, pues sabiendo lo que no fue sabremos lo que clama por ser.
Development of Fast CCD Cameras for in-situ Electron Microscopy (2008)

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2008 in Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA, August 3 – August 7, 2008
Long-Term Efficacy and Safety of Hizentra® in Patients with Primary Immunodeficiency in Japan, Europe, and the United States: a Review of 7 Phase 3 Trials (2018)

Many patients with primary immunodeficiency (PID) require immunoglobulin G (IgG) replacement therapy, delivered as intravenous IgG (IVIG) or subcutaneous IgG (SCIG). We aim to identify trends in efficacy and safety that would not be evident in individual studies of small patient numbers. Seven open-label, Phase 3, prospective, multicenter studies of the efficacy and safety of Hizentra® (a SCIG), conducted in Japan, Europe, and the US were summarized. Overall, 125 unique patients received 15,013 weekly infusions during a total observation period of 250.9 patient-years. Mean weekly doses of Hizentra® were 83.22-221.3 mg/kg body weight; infusion rates per patient (total body rate) were 25.2-49.3 mL/h across studies. The rates of infections and serious bacterial infections were 3.10 and 0.03 events per patient/year, respectively. Annualized rates of days hospitalized due to infection, out of work/school, and prophylactic antibiotic use were 0.95, 5.14, and 36.78 per patient, respectively. For the equivalent monthly dose, weekly Hizentra® SCIG administration resulted in expectedly-increased serum IgG trough levels in patients switching from IVIG, and maintained levels in patients switching from previous SCIG. Adverse events (AEs) totaled 5039 (events/infusion 0.094-0.773), almost all of which were mild/moderate. Three thousand one hundred ninety-seven were considered treatment-related, the most common of which were injection site reactions (2919 events; 0.001-0.592 AEs per infusion). Systemic AEs were very uncommon. The results from these seven studies indicate that Hizentra® therapy was both efficacious and well tolerated during long-term treatment. This is particularly important in patients with PID, who may require lifelong IgG replacement therapy.
Eye-irritation-test of Surface Active Agents by Experimental Animal (1972)

Irritation intensities to the rabbit eye mucosa were examined by Ogura method and Draize method on various surface active agents including linear alkylate self onate (LAS), alpha olefin selfonate (AOS), sulfate of synthetic alcohol (syn. AS) and a formulated detergent for kitchen use, and the series of different carbon chain AOS, C10-C18, and sulfates of natural alcohol (AS), 10-C18. The observation of the minimum irritation concentration, the degree of symptoms and the period of recovery were revealed that AOS was weaker than LAS or syn.AS, no difference was observed between C10-C18 AOS, and that syn.AS was feebly stronger than AS from natural alcohol.
Bis(acetone 4-phenylthiosemicarbazonato-κ2N1,S)zinc(II) (2009)

The Zn(II) atom in the title compound, [Zn(C(10)H(12)N(3)S)(2)], is N,S-chelated by the deprotonated Schiff base in a tetra-hedral environment. The metal atom lies on a twofold rotation axis that relates one anion to the other. The amino H atom forms an intermolecular N-H⋯π inter-action to an aromatic ring.
Neural network segmentation of magnetic resonance spin echo images of the brain (1993)

This paper describes a neural network system to segment magnetic resonance (MR) spin echo images of the brain. Our approach relies on the analysis of MR signal decay and on anatomical knowledge; the system processes two early echoes of a standard multislice sequence. Three main subsystems can be distinguished. The first implements a model of MR signal decay; it synthesizes a four-echo multiecho sequence, in order to add images characterized by long echo-times to the input sequence. The second subsystem exploits a priori anatomical knowledge by producing an image, in which pixels belonging to brain parenchyma are highlighted. Such anatomical information allows the following submodule to distinguish biologically different tissues with similar water content, and hence similar appearance, which might produce misclassifications. The grey levels of the reconstructed sequence and the output of the second module are processed by the third subsystem, which performs the segmentation of the sequence. Each pixel is assigned to one of five different tissue classes that can be revealed with brain MR spin echo imaging. With a suitable encoding, a five-level segmented image can then be produced. The system is based on feed-forward networks trained with the back-propagation algorithm; experiments to assess its performance have been carried out on both simulated and clinical images.
Radiofrequency Ablation of the Liver (2001)

Radiofrequency Ablation of the LiverCurrent StatusJohn P. McGahan1 and Gerald D. Dodd, III2Audio Available | Share
Acquired Immunity to Ticks (1939)

It is well known that the American dog tick, Dermacentor variabilis Say, can be reared through its entire life cycle on guinea pigs. In the course of permitting successive batches of larvae of this tick to engorge on the same guinea pig, it was repeatedly observed that, while the first batch always gave a large number of engorged larvae, the following batches gave few or none. This suggested that guinea pigs, after one infestation with larvae of D. variabilis, acquire an effective immunity against these ectoparasites. The experiments reported in this paper show that such an immunity is indeed developed, and that it may be solid enough to prevent larvae from engorging and to reduce the amount of blood taken by nymphs and adults.
Steroidogenic Enzyme Gene Expression in the Human Heart1 (2000)

Corticosteroids have specific effects on cardiac structure and function mediated by mineralocorticoid (MR) and glucocorticoid (GR) receptors. Aldosterone and corticosterone are synthesized in the rat heart. To see whether they might also be synthesized in the human cardiovascular system, we examined the expression of genes for steroidogenic enzymes as well as genes for GR, MR, and 11-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (11-HSD2; which maintains the specificity of MR). Human samples were from left and right atria, left and right ventricles, aorta, apex, intraventricular septum, and atrioventricular node as well as whole adult and fetal heart. Using RT-PCR, messenger ribonucleic acids encoding cholesterol side-chain cleavage enzyme (CYP11A), 3beta-HSD2, 21-hydroxylase (CYP21), 11beta-hydroxylase (CYP11B1), GR, MR, and 11-HSD2 were detected in all samples with the exception of the ventricles, which did not express CYP11B1. Aldosterone synthase (CYP11B2) messenger ribonucleic acid was detected in the aorta and fetal heart, but not in any region of the adult heart, and 17alpha-hydroxylase (CYP17) was not detected in any cardiac sample. Levels of steroidogenic enzyme gene expression were typically 0.1% those in the adrenal gland. These findings are consistent with autocrine or paracrine roles for corticosterone and deoxycorticosterone, but not cortisol or aldosterone, in the normal adult human heart.
Pediatric Respiratory and Enteric Virus Acquisition and Immunogenesis in US Mothers and Children Aged 0-2: PREVAIL Cohort Study (2020)

RR1-10.2196/22222.
Dynamic anisotropy in amorphous CoZrTa films (2004)

The high-frequency response of amorphous CoZrTa thin films was measured by using a pulsed inductive microwave magnetometer. The anisotropy of the magnetic films was varied by magnetic field annealing. Static anisotropy field values ranging from Hk=100 to 1920 A/m were obtained. The dynamically determined anisotropy field is shifted to higher values compared to the static anisotropy by an additional isotropic internal field Hadd. This internal field is independent of the strength of the static anisotropy field. We determined a value of about Hadd=510 A/m.
Magnetic properties ofLa2Cu1−xMxO4withM=Zn and Ni (1992)

The temperature (1.8\ensuremath{\le}T\ensuremath{\le}400 K) and concentration (0\ensuremath{\le}x\ensuremath{\le}0.10) dependence of the magnetization and magnetic susceptibility of ${\mathrm{La}}_{2}$${\mathrm{Cu}}_{1\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}\mathit{x}}$${\mathit{M}}_{\mathit{x}}$${\mathrm{O}}_{4}$ with M=Zn and Ni have been measured. The results are compared with the recent measurements of the concentration (0\ensuremath{\le}x\ensuremath{\le}0.10) dependence of the muon spin rotation of ${\mathrm{La}}_{2}$${\mathrm{Cu}}_{1\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}\mathit{x}}$${\mathrm{Zn}}_{\mathit{x}}$${\mathrm{O}}_{4}$. The antiferromagnetic order present in ${\mathrm{La}}_{2}$${\mathrm{CuO}}_{4}$, which is very sensitive to the introduction of impurities which create mobile holes (such as Sr substitution of the La site), is much less sensitive to impurities which do not create mobile holes in the ${\mathrm{CuO}}_{2}$ planes. The Ne\ifmmode\acute\else\textasciiacute\fi{}el temperature ${\mathit{T}}_{\mathit{N}}$ is depressed rapidly with Zn doping and the width of the peak in the susceptibility increases with x, and thus the peak becomes less well defined. The depression of ${\mathit{T}}_{\mathit{N}}$ in Ni-doped ${\mathrm{La}}_{2}$${\mathrm{CuO}}_{4}$ and the increase in the width of the susceptibility peak are less rapid compared to those in the Zn-doped material. We also study the influence of doping on the metamagnetic behavior which is concomitant with the antiferromagnetism in these systems.
A plasma membrane redox system in human retinoblastoma cells. (1993)

Y79 human retinoblastoma cells have a high capacity to reduce ascorbate autooxidation rates through the reduction of the ascorbate free radicals generated in the oxidation process. Responsible of this capacity is a plasma membrane redox system, which might be functionally related to the Na+/H+ antiporter. Ascorbate has cytotoxic effect on Y79 cells in long-term incubations in the presence of limited amounts of serum in the medium.
Prion disease is accelerated in mice lacking stress-induced heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) (2019)

Prion diseases are a group of incurable neurodegenerative disorders that affect humans and animals via infection with proteinaceous particles called prions. Prions are composed of PrP<sup>Sc</sup>, a misfolded version of the cellular prion protein (PrP<sup>C</sup>). During disease progression, PrP<sup>Sc</sup> replicates by interacting with PrP<sup>C</sup> and inducing its conversion to PrP<sup>Sc</sup> As PrP<sup>Sc</sup> accumulates, cellular stress mechanisms are activated to maintain cellular proteostasis, including increased protein chaperone levels. However, the exact roles of several of these chaperones remain unclear. Here, using various methodologies to monitor prion replication (<i>i.e.</i> protein misfolding cyclic amplification and cellular and animal infectivity bioassays), we studied the potential role of the molecular chaperone heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) in prion replication <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i> Our results indicated that pharmacological induction of the heat shock response in cells chronically infected with prions significantly decreased PrP<sup>Sc</sup> accumulation. We also found that HSP70 alters prion replication <i>in vitro</i> More importantly, prion infection of mice lacking the genes encoding stress-induced HSP70 exhibited accelerated prion disease progression compared with WT mice. In parallel with HSP70 being known to respond to endogenous and exogenous stressors such as heat, infection, toxicants, and ischemia, our results indicate that HSP70 may also play an important role in suppressing or delaying prion disease progression, opening opportunities for therapeutic intervention.
Modelisation d'une relaxation diélectrique de type charges d'espace dans les ferrites NiZn à couches d'arrět (1991)

Des céramiques à couches d'arrět de type spinelle et de composition Ni0.50Zn0.50Fe2.15O4+δ ont été élaborées. Un modéle de charges d'espace, contrairement aux relations de Maxwell-Wagner, permet d'expliquer que la fréquence de relaxation diélectrique reste la raěme, que la céramique soit imprégnée au non. La valeur de la fréquence de relaxation augmente par ailleurs quand la taille des grains diminue. Ferrite type grain boundary layer ceramics with composition Ni0.50Zn0.50Fe2.15O4+δ are elaborated. A space charge model unlike the Maxwell-Wagner relations allows to explain the relaxation frequency to be the same for impregnated or not impregnated materials. The relaxation frequency increases when the grain size decreases.
Bidirectional and two-channel transmission system measurements using a semiconductor-laser-amplifier repeater (1987)

Measured bit-error-rate performance is reported for two-channel bidirection and single-direction transmission systems operating at 565 Mbit/s and 280 Mbit/s and incorporating an amplifier repeater. Acceptable levels of crosstalk were seen on these systems, which were constructed to address problems likely to be seen in a practical implementation.
Energy Assurance: Essential Energy Technologies for Climate Protection and Energy Security (2009)

We present and apply a new method for analyzing the significance of advanced technology for achieving two important national energy goals: climate protection and energy security. Quantitative metrics for U.S. greenhouse gas emissions in 2050 and oil independence in 2030 are specified, and the impacts of 11 sets of energy technologies are analyzed using a model that employs the Kaya identity and incorporates the uncertainty of technological breakthroughs. The goals examined are a 50% to 80% reduction in CO2 emissions from energy use by 2050 and increased domestic hydrocarbon fuels supply and decreased demand that sum to 11 mmbd by 2030. The latter is intended to insure that the economic costs of oil dependence are not more than 1% of U.S. GDP with 95% probability by 2030. Perhaps the most important implication of the analysis is that meeting both energy goals requires a high probability of success (much greater than even odds) for all 11 technologies. Two technologies appear to be indispensable for accomplishment of both goals: carbon capture and storage, and advanced fossil liquid fuels. For reducing CO2 by more than 50% by 2050, biomass energy and electric drive (fuel cell or battery powered) vehicles also appear to be necessary. Every one of the 11 technologies has a powerful influence on the probability of achieving national energy goals. From the perspective of technology policy, conflict between the CO2 mitigation and energy security is negligible. These general results appear to be robust to a wide range of technology impact estimates; they are substantially unchanged by a Monte Carlo simulation that allows the impacts of technologies to vary by 20%.
Evaluating the New Japanese Civil Rehabilitation Law (2000)

Japan's new Civil Rehabilitation Law (Minji saisei ho Law No 225, 1999) is the first component in a comprehensive reform of its insolvency law regime. The law was passed by the Diet (Japanese Parliament) on 14 December 1999 and came into effect on 1 April 2000. It will replace the Composition Law (Wagi ho Law No 72, 1922). This commentary compares the new provisions of the Civil Rehabilitation Law with those they are designed to improve. A full translation of the law will be published in volume 2(2) of Asian Law. The pressure created by Japan's financial crisis has meant that the new reforms are not revolutionary; they are largely a response to long-standing deficiencies in existing laws and represent a codification of current practice and judicial precedent evolved to bridge the gaps in existing law. However, the introduction of new business transfer provisions and a security interest extinguishing scheme (tampo sh metsu seikyu seido) are two innovations which may lead to the civil rehabilitation procedure being used to facilitate the expanding mergers and acquisitions market in Japan.
The National Cancer Data Base report on cutaneous and noncutaneous melanoma (1998)

Treatment of early stage cutaneous melanoma resulted in excellent patient outcomes. In addition to conventional prognostic factors, socioeconomic factors were found to be associated with survival.
Double-signal mode based on metal–organic framework coupled cascaded nucleic acid circuits for accurate and sensitive detection of serum circulating miRNAs (2020)

The tough challenges for the sensitive and accurate detection of circulating miRNAs (cmiRNAs) in the peripheral blood are low abundance, and high interference from environmental or background factors or other molecules. Here, we developed a double-signal mode based on metal-organic framework coupled cascaded nucleic acid circuits for the accurate and sensitive detection of serum circulating miRNAs.