gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Surfaces Decorated with Enantiomorphically Pure Polymer Nanohelices via Hierarchical Chirality Transfer across Multiple Length Scales (2021)

Mesoscale chiral materials are prepared by lithographic methods, assembly of chiral building blocks, and through syntheses in the presence of polarized light. Typically, these processes result in micrometer-sized structures, require complex top-down manipulation, or rely on tedious asymmetric separation. Chemical vapor deposition (CVD) polymerization of chiral precursors into supported films of liquid crystals (LCs) are discovered to result in superhierarchical arrangements of enantiomorphically pure nanofibers. Depending on the molecular chirality of the 1-hydroxyethyl [2.2]paracyclophane precursor, extended arrays of enantiomorphic nanohelices are formed from achiral nematic templates. Arrays of chiral nanohelices extend over hundreds of micrometers and consistently display enantiomorphic micropatterns. The pitch of individual nanohelices depends on the enantiomeric excess and the purity of the chiral precursor, consistent with the theoretical model of a doubly twisted LC director configuration. During CVD of chiral precursors into cholesteric LC films, aspects of molecular and mesoscale asymmetry combine constructively to form regularly twisted nanohelices. Enantiomorphic surfaces permit the tailoring of a wide range of functional properties, such as the asymmetric induction of weak chiral systems.
T Cells in Vascular Inflammatory Diseases (2014)

Inflammation of the human vasculature is a manifestation of many different diseases ranging from systemic autoimmune diseases to chronic inflammatory diseases, in which multiple types of immune cells are involved. For both autoimmune diseases and chronic inflammatory diseases several observations support a key role for T lymphocytes in these disease pathologies, but the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. Previous studies in several autoimmune diseases have demonstrated a significant role for a specific subset of CD4(+) T cells termed effector memory T (TEM) cells. This expanded population of TEM cells may contribute to tissue injury and disease progression. These cells exert multiple pro-inflammatory functions through the release of effector cytokines. Many of these cytokines have been detected in the inflammatory lesions and participate in the vasculitic reaction, contributing to recruitment of macrophages, neutrophils, dendritic cells, natural killer cells, B cells, and T cells. In addition, functional impairment of regulatory T cells paralyzes anti-inflammatory effects in vasculitic disorders. Interestingly, activation of TEM cells is uniquely dependent on the voltage-gated potassium Kv1.3 channel providing an anchor for specific drug targeting. In this review, we focus on the CD4(+) T cells in the context of vascular inflammation and describe the evidence supporting the role of different T cell subsets in vascular inflammation. Selective targeting of pathogenic TEM cells might enable a more tailored therapeutic approach that avoids unwanted adverse side effects of generalized immunosuppression by modulating the effector functions of T cell responses to inhibit the development of vascular inflammation.
Injection locked oscillators for quadrature generation at radio frequency (2005)

The design of quadrature signal generators is one of the most challenging issues in modern RF transceivers. After a brief review of conventional techniques, this paper presents injection locked oscillators as a viable alternative to achieve high performance and low power consumption. Two different architectures, realized in a 0.18 /spl mu/m CMOS technology, are presented and compared. The first shows excellent driving capability and simple design, the second lends itself to low power operation.
ChemInform Abstract: ELEKTROCHEMISCHE UNTERSUCHUNG DER LOKALISIERTEN VERFORMUNG VON METALLEN UND DER EFFEKTIVEN DUKTILITAET VON PASSIVFILMEN AUF ALUMINIUM UND SEINEN LEG. (1972)

Abstract Die Übergangsströme von präanodisiertem A1 und Al‐Legierungen in (N H4),B4O7‐ Lösung unter potentiostatischen Bedingungen bei mechanischer Dehnung wurden untersucht.
Impact of interpatient variability on organ dose estimates according to MIRD schema: Uncertainty and variance‐based sensitivity analysis (2018)

Global variance-based SA has been for the first time applied to the MIRD schema for internal dose calculation. Our findings suggest that uncertainties in computed organ doses can be substantially reduced by performing an accurate determination of TIACs in the source regions, accompanied by the estimation of individual source region masses along with the usage of an appropriate blood distribution in a patient's body and, in a few cases, the cross-fire SAFs from proximal source regions.
<title>Stray light, radiometric, and spectral characterization of UVCS/SOHO: laboratory calibration and flight performance</title> (1996)

The Ultraviolet Coronagraph Spectrometer is one of the instruments on board the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory spacecraft, which was launched in December, 1995. The instrument is designed to make ultraviolet spectrometric measurements and visible polarimetric measurements of the extended solar corona. Prior to launch laboratory measurements were carried out to determine system level values for many of the key performance parameters. Further measurements on instrument performance have been carried out since launch. Presented are descriptions of measurement techniques and representative results.
Urine biomarkers of acute kidney injury in noncritically ill, hospitalized children treated with chemotherapy (2017)

Urine NGAL and IL-18 show promise as early AKI diagnostic tests in children treated with ifosfamide and may have a potential role in drug toxicity monitoring.
Middle ear gas exchange in isobaric counterdiffusion (1979)

Nitrous oxide entry into the middle ear gas space was studied in cats in relation to anesthesia and the vestibular dysfunction caused by isobaric inert gas counter-diffusion in diving. A catheter implanted in the auditory bulla was used for direct gas sampling and pressure measurements. Experiments were designed to evaluate the participation of the eustachian tube, mucosal blood vessels, and tympanic membrane in middle ear gas exchange. The eustachian tube did not contribute to N2O entry and the mucosal blood supply only contributed about one-third of the total N2O accumulation. Diffusion across the tympanic membrane accounted for most of the N2O entering the middle ear from ambient and respiratory environments containing N2O.
Evidence for perceptual learning with repeated stimulation after partial and total cortical blindness. (2012)

Lesions of occipital cortex result in loss of sight in the corresponding regions of visual fields. The traditional view that, apart from some spontaneous recovery in the acute phase, field defects remain permanently and irreversibly blind, has been challenged. In patients with partial field loss, a range of residual visual abilities in the absence of conscious perception (blindsight) has been demonstrated (Weiskrantz, 1986). Recent findings (Sahraie et al., 2006, 2010) have also demonstrated increased visual sensitivity in the field defect following repeated stimulation. We aimed to extend these findings by systematically exploring whether repeated stimulation can also lead to increased visual sensitivity in two cases with total (bilateral) cortical blindness. In addition, for a case of partial blindness, we examined the extent of the recovery as a function of stimulated region of the visual field, over extended periods of visual training. Positive auditory feedback was provided during the training task for correct detection of a spatial grating pattern presented at specific retinotopic locations using a temporal two alternative forced-choice paradigm (Neuro-Eye Therapy). All three cases showed improved visual sensitivity with repeated stimulation. The findings indicate that perceptual learning can occur through systematic visual field stimulation even in cases of bilateral cortical blindness.
π-Extended fluorophores based on 5-aryl-2,2 ’ -bipyridines: synthesis and photophysical studies (2017)

A straightforward and convenient synthesis of new fluorescent 5-aryl-2,2’-bipyridines with the extended conjugation system involves the ‘1,2,4-triazine’ methodology followed by Pd- catalyzed cross-coupling or Wittig reactions using 5-(4-bromo- phenyl)- or 5-(4-bromomethylphenyl)-2,2’-bipyridines as the starting materials. For these compounds, a pronounced bathochromic shift was observed in both absorption and emission spectra compared to previously reported 5-phenyl- 2,2’-bipyridine. For the one of the products, adsorption and fluorescent titrations were fulfilled, fluorescent response on the addition of metal cations was examined.
Low Cost Convolutional Neural Network Accelerator Based on Bi-Directional Filtering and Bit-Width Reduction (2018)

This paper presents a low-area and energy-efficient hardware accelerator for the convolutional neural networks (CNNs). Based on the multiply-accumulate-based architecture, three design techniques are proposed to reduce the hardware cost of the convolutional computations. First, to reduce the computational cost of convolutions, an adaptive bit-width reduction combined with near-zero skipping is proposed based on differential input method (DIM). The DIM-based design technique can reduce 62.5% of operation bit-width and improve 17.0% of activation sparsity with almost ignorable CNN accuracy degradation. Second, it has been found that adopting a bi-directional filtering window in a CNN accelerator can considerably reduce the energy for data movement with a much smaller number of memory accesses. To expedite the bi-directional filtering operations, we also propose a bi-directional first-input-first-output (bi-FIFO). With SRAM bit-cell layout manner, the proposed bi-FIFO facilitates fast data re-distribution with area and energy efficiency. To verify the effectiveness of the proposed techniques, the AlexNet accelerator has been designed. The numerical results show that the proposed adaptive bit-width reduction scheme achieves 34.6% and 58.2% of area and energy savings, respectively. The bi-FIFO-based accelerator also achieves 32.8% improved processing time.
Intrinsic antiproliferative activity of the innate sensor STING in T lymphocytes (2017)

Activation of the cyclic dinucleotide sensor stimulator of interferon (IFN) genes (STING) is critical for IFN and inflammatory gene expression during innate immune responses. However, the role of STING in adaptive immunity is still unknown. In this study, we show that STING activation reduces the proliferation of T lymphocytes. This activity was independent of TBK1 and IRF3 recruitment and of type I IFN but required a distinct C-terminal domain of STING that activates NF-κB. Inhibition of cell proliferation by STING required its relocalization to the Golgi apparatus and caused mitotic errors. T lymphocytes from patients carrying constitutive active mutations in <i>TMEM173</i> encoding STING showed impaired proliferation and reduced numbers of memory cells. Endogenous STING inhibited proliferation of mouse T lymphocytes. Therefore, STING, a critical innate sensor, also functions intrinsically in cells of the adaptive immune system to inhibit proliferation.
Inducible Overexpression of sFlt-1 in Podocytes Ameliorates Glomerulopathy in Diabetic Mice (2008)

Podocyte-specific sFlt-1 overexpression ameliorates diabetic glomerular injury, implicating VEGF-A in the pathogenesis of this complication.
African-specific alleles modify risk for asthma at the 17q12-q21 locus in African Americans (2022)

Previously unknown genetic variation at the 17q12-21 childhood-onset asthma locus contributes to asthma severity in individuals with African ancestries. We suggest that many other population-specific variants that have not been discovered in GWAS contribute to the genetic risk for asthma and other common diseases.
Effects of Permanent Focal Cerebral Ischemia in Transgenic Mice which Overexpress HSP70. (1998)

Giffard, R. G.; Yenari, M. A.; Lee, J. E.; Sun, G. H.; Emond, M. A.; K, G. Author Information
Ion spectra of vacuum arc plasma with compound and alloy cathodes (1989)

We have carried out an experimental investigation of the charge state distribution of ions produced in the vacuum arc plasma for the case when the cathode is a compound or alloy. The plasma was generated in a metal vapor vacuum arc ion source, and the charge state spectra were measured using a time-of-flight method. We have compared these spectra to the spectra obtained from cathodes of the constituent elements. The cathode materials used and reported on here were the following groups: SiC/Si/C [i.e., we have compared the spectra obtained using a cathode of silicon carbide with the spectra obtained using (a) a silicon cathode and (b) a carbon cathode], TiC/TiN/TiO2/Ti/C, WC/W/C, (UC-ZrC)/UN/U/Zr/C, brass/Cu/Zn, and stainless steel/Fe/Cr/Ni. The arc current employed throughout was approximately 100 A. We find that the charge state distributions change depending on the elemental composition of the alloy or compound of which the cathode is fabricated.
Depth Dependence of Nearshore Currents and Eddies (2017)

Abstract The three‐dimensional (across‐shore, alongshore, and vertical) structure of hourly mean currents and &lt;0.01 Hz eddies was measured on a natural beach using 12 Acoustic Doppler Profilers. Both eddies and alongshore currents became relatively depth‐uniform inside the surfzone. Eddies showed greater depth dependence than alongshore currents. A two‐layer model, derived by scaling of the wave‐averaged shallow water equations, yielded separate equations for depth‐averaged and depth‐dependent velocity components. Scaling suggests, and observations confirm, only a small role for lateral advection in most surfzone cases, leading to one‐dimensional vertical models for depth dependence. For alongshore currents, depth dependence is generated by opposite forcing on lower and upper layers, respectively by bottom friction (quantified by time scale ) and waves or wind. This generation is balanced by mixing between upper and lower layers (time scale ), so the ratio between depth‐dependent and depth‐averaged alongshore currents equals . Established models for bottom friction and breaker‐induced mixing predicted a surfzone reduction in consistent with the observed reduction in alongshore current depth dependence. Scatter around trends was considerable. Alongshore variability was significant for depth‐dependence of currents and eddies. Inside (but not outside) the surfzone, the mixing time scale was shorter than the eddy period, so a quasi‐steady balance was predicted between forcing and mixing of eddy depth dependence. Observed eddy depth dependence exceeded predictions for barotropic eddies generated by shear production (i.e., shear instabilities), possibly indicating generation of eddies by random breaking waves in the surfzone, or indicating baroclinic effects outside the surfzone.
High-resolution imaging of NGC 7027. (1993)

We performed narrow band, optical line imaging of the planetary nebula NGC 7027 in sub-arcsecond seeing conditions. In all our filters, centered on Hα 6563, Hβ 4861, [NII] 6583, [OIII] 5007 lines and in a 6670/80 Hα continuum band, the nebula shows a complex clumpy structure whereas the central star is well resolved in the continuum band. Image analysis allows us to obtain a very accurate map of the local extinction down to A V = 5 and to estimate for the exciting source m V = 16.60 ± 0.15, leading to T * ≃ 220 000 K and L * ≃ 4 700L○.. Correcting our images for the extinction, the true annular structure of the planetary nebula is for the first time revealed at optical wavelengths. We can definitively confirm that the optical maximum corresponds to a hole in the dust distribution
Beyond RFID: The Ubiquitous Near-Field Distributed Memory. (2009)

Treatment decisions in UTUC should take molecular tumour characteristics into account. The currently most therapy-relevant molecular alterations in UTUC comprise FGFR3 mutational status and mutations in DNA mismatch repair genes with concomitant microsatellite instability.
Effects of timings of inoculation with Mycosphaerella pinodes on yield and seed infection of field pea (1997)

Inoculated field experiments were carried out in 1994 and 1995 to study the effect of the timing of inoculation with Mycosphaerella pinodes (Berk. &amp; Bloxam) Vestergren on disease development, yield reduction and seed infection, in three field pea (Pisum sativum L.) cv. Bohatyr, cv. Scorpio and cv. Triumph. The greatest impact of inoculation on all disease and yield parameters was at the 8–10 node stage in 1994, and at the mid-flowering stage in 1995. The lowest impact of inoculation was at the pod swell stage for both years. When inoculated at 8–10 nodes, mid-flowering and pod swell stages, M. pinodes reduced yield by 31, 24 and 19%, respectively, in 1994 and 33, 43 and 30%, respectively, in 1995. The 1000-seed weight was not affected by the timing of inoculation; however, all inoculations reduced seed weight in both years. Plant-to-seed transmission of M. pinodes was affected by the timing of inoculation in 1994, but not in 1995. Results of this study suggest that prevention of early infection by M. pinodes will provide the best economic return in a mycosphaerella blight control program on field pea. Key words: Mycosphaerella blight, Mycosphaerella pinodes, field pea, Pisum sativum, yield reduction
Multiple Myeloma: EHA-ESMO Clinical Practice Guidelines for Diagnosis, Treatment and Follow-up. (2021)

status: Published
Receptor-mediated Catabolism of Low Density Lipoprotein in Man. QUANTITATION USING GLUCOSYLATED LOW DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN (1983)

Low density lipoprotein (LDL) catabolism occurs by LDL receptor-dependent and LDL receptor-independent pathways. We have shown previously that nonenzymatic glucosylation of LDL in the presence of cyanoborohydride irreversibly blocks the lysine residues of LDL. Glucosylated LDL (GLC-LDL) was not degraded by the LDL receptor of fibroblasts, and its degradation by macrophages was similar to that of native LDL. This suggested that GLC-LDL should be a good tracer of LDL receptor-independent catabolism, and if combined with a tracer of total LDL catabolism, should enable one to calculate the extent of LDL receptor-dependent catabolism. To determine the contribution of each pathway in man, we prepared (125)I-GLC-LDL and (131)I-control LDL and simultaneously determined the fractional catabolic rate (FCR) of each tracer in four subjects. In preliminary experiments, we showed that the conditions for glucosylation did not affect LDL turnover. In the four subjects, the FCR for total LDL catabolism ranged from 0.345 to 0.724 d(-1) with a mean of 0.57+/-0.16 d(-1). The FCR of GLC-LDL varied from 0.071 to 0.141 d(-1) with a mean of 0.11+/-0.03 d(-1). The latter is similar to the FCR reported for native LDL in subjects with homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia, supporting the interpretation that GLC-LDL traces only the receptor-independent pathway. Despite the wide range of total LDL catabolism in these subjects. LDL receptor-independent catabolism accounted for only 19.5-20.6% of total catabolism. In turn, LDL receptor-dependent catabolism accounted for 80% of total clearance in each person. Furthermore, while the decay curve of LDL showed the usual biphasic pattern, the decay curve of GLC-LDL was monoexponential in each subject even when followed for as long as 48 d. This suggests that LDL receptor activity is responsible for the biphasic nature of LDL decay. These studies emphasize the central role of LDL receptor activity in normal LDL metabolism in man.
Brivanib, a novel dual VEGF-R2/bFGF-R inhibitor. (2010)

The process of neo-vascularisation from pre-existing blood vessels (angiogenesis) plays a critical role in both tumour growth and dissemination in multiple cancer types. Tumour angiogenesis is an attractive target for cancer treatment, and the VEGF/VEGF-R and FGF/FGF-R systems have been identified as key factors for neo-angiogenesis. Several active compounds have been developed so far and some of them are already widely used in clinical protocols. However, currently, only very few drugs have been shown to act synergistically with VEGF. Brivanib (BMS-582664) is a novel, orally available and selective receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor that targets the key angiogenesis receptors VEGF-R2 and FGF-R1 and -2. The drug is currently under clinical evaluation and published data as well as data on biomarker studies with brivanib are reviewed and discussed.
Development of Carbohydrate-Based Scaffolds for Restricted Presentation of Recognition Groups. Extension to Divalent Ligands and Implications for the Structure of Dimerized Receptors (2003)

The solution structure of glycosyl amides has been studied by using NMR. A strong preference is displayed by tertiary aromatic glycosyl amides for E-anti structures in contrast with secondary aromatic glycosyl amides where Z-anti structures predominate. The structural diversity displayed by these classes of molecules would seem to be important as the directional properties of the aromatic ring, or groups attached to the aromatic ring, would be determined by choosing to have either a secondary or tertiary amide at the anomeric center and could be considered when designing bioactive molecules with carbohydrate scaffolds. The structural analysis was also carried out for related divalent secondary and tertiary glycosyl amides and these compounds display preferences similar to that of the monovalent compounds. The constrained divalent compounds have potential for promoting formation of clusters that will have restricted structure and thus have potential for novel studies of mechanisms of action of multivalent ligands. Possible applications of such compounds would be as scaffolds for the design and synthesis of ligands that will facilitate protein-protein or other receptor-receptor interactions. The affinity of restricted divalent (or higher order) ligands, designed to bind to proteins that recognize carbohydrates which would facilitate clustering and concomitantly promote protein-protein interactions, may be significantly higher than monovalent counterparts or multivalent ligands without these properties. This may be useful as a new approach in the development of therapeutics based on carbohydrates.
Chlamydia Trachomatis Infections: A Hidden Cause of Meibomian Gland Dysfunction (2019)

Purpose: Meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD) is a common eye problem, which is asymptomatic in the early stage, but if left untreated for a prolonged period can exacerbate to dry eye syndrome. Role of bacteria in the pathophysiology of MGD is always controversial. This pilot study was undertaken to find the association of Chlamydia trachomatis apart from the normal biota of the eyelid with MGD in a tertiary care hospital in India.
Consensus on the role of human cytomegalovirus in glioblastoma (2012)

The human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) and glioma symposium was convened on April 17, 2011 in Washington, DC, and was attended by oncologists and virologists involved in studying the relationship between HCMV and gliomas. The purpose of the meeting was to reach a consensus on the role of HCMV in the pathology of gliomas and to clarify directions for future research. First, the group summarized data that describe how HCMV biology overlaps with the key pathways of cancer. Then, on the basis of published data and ongoing research, a consensus was reached that there is sufficient evidence to conclude that HCMV sequences and viral gene expression exist in most, if not all, malignant gliomas, that HCMV could modulate the malignant phenotype in glioblastomas by interacting with key signaling pathways; and that HCMV could serve as a novel target for a variety of therapeutic strategies. In summary, existing evidence supports an oncomodulatory role for HCMV in malignant gliomas, but future studies need to focus on determining the role of HCMV as a glioma-initiating event.