gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Speckle denoising based on deep learning via a conditional generative adversarial network in digital holographic interferometry (2022)

Speckle denoising can improve digital holographic interferometry phase measurements but may affect experimental accuracy. A deep-learning-based speckle denoising algorithm is developed using a conditional generative adversarial network. Two subnetworks, namely discriminator and generator networks, which refer to the U-Net and DenseNet layer structures are used to supervise network learning quality and denoising. Datasets obtained from speckle simulations are shown to provide improved noise feature extraction. The loss function is designed by considering the peak signal-to-noise ratio parameters to improve efficiency and accuracy. The proposed method thus shows better performance than other denoising algorithms for processing experimental strain data from digital holography.
Diaphragm activation with intramuscular stimulation in dogs. (1983)

We studied in 10 supine anesthetized dogs diaphragm contraction produced by electrical activation with intramuscular electrodes surgically implanted in the ventral surface of the diaphragm and compared this with activation of the ipsilateral phrenic nerve (C5, 6, and 7) before it entered the thorax. Repetitive 40-Hz pulse trains with supramaximal current stimulus were used after hyperventilation of the animals to apnea. A single intramuscular electrode within 1 to 2 cm of the site of phrenic nerve entry into the diaphragm produced a mean transdiaphragmatic pressure of 12.0 cm H2O +/- 0.97 SE and mean tidal volume of 0.27 L +/- 0.04 SE. Mean values observed with phrenic nerve stimulation were not statistically different, and both electrode systems produced equivalent outward abdominal motion and upper rib cage paradox, as monitored by inductive plethysmography. There was no difference in gas exchange during stimulation with a single hemidiaphragm electrode and mechanical ventilation compared at the same tidal volume and respiratory rate. Blockade of neuromuscular transmission with curare eliminated intramuscular and phrenic nerve stimulation proportionately, suggesting that activation of the diaphragm is dependent in both cases on the phrenic nerve. This technique does not entail manipulation of the phrenic nerve and may have clinical application as an alternative technique for diaphragm pacing.
Janus-III: speech-to-speech translation in multiple languages (2002)

This paper describes JANUS-III, our most recent version of the JANUS speech-to-speech translation system. We present an overview of the system and focus on how system design facilitates speech translation between multiple languages, and allows for easy adaptation to new source and target languages. We also describe our methodology for evaluation of end-to-end system performance with a variety of source and target languages. For system development and evaluation, we have experimented with both push-to-talk as well as cross-talk recording conditions. To date, our system has achieved performance levels of over 80% acceptable translations on transcribed input, and over 70% acceptable translations on speech input recognized with a 75-90% word accuracy. Our current major research is concentrated on enhancing the capabilities of the system to deal with input in broad and general domains.
Steam Oxidation Behavior of Advanced Steels and Ni-Based Alloys at 800 °C (2017)

This publication studies the steam oxidation behavior of advanced steels (309S, 310S and HR3C) and Ni-based alloys (Haynes® 230®, alloy 263, alloy 617 and Haynes® 282®) exposed at 800 °C for 2000 h under 1 bar pressure, in a pure water steam system. The results revealed that all exposed materials showed relatively low weight gain, with no spallation of the oxide scale within the 2000 h of exposure. XRD analysis showed that Ni-based alloys developed an oxide scale consisting of four main phases: Cr2O3 (alloy 617, Haynes® 282®, alloy 263 and Haynes® 230®), MnCr2O4 (alloy 617, Haynes® 282® and Haynes® 230®), NiCr2O4 (alloy 617) and TiO2 (alloy 263, Haynes® 282®). In contrast, advanced steels showed the development of Cr2O3, MnCr2O4, Mn7SiO12, FeMn(SiO4) and SiO2 phases. The steel with the highest Cr content showed the formation of Fe3O4 and the thickest oxide scale.
Immunomodulatory Effect of Novel Electrospun Nanofibers Loaded with Doxycycline as an Adjuvant Treatment in Periodontitis (2023)

The immunomodulatory effect of a novel biomaterial obtained through electrospinning, based on polylactic acid (PLA) and nano-hydroxyapatite (nano-HAP), loaded with doxycycline (doxy) was evaluated in an animal model. The treatment capabilities as a local non-surgical treatment of periodontitis was investigated on the lower incisors of Wistar rats, after the induction of localized periodontitis using the ligature technique. Following the induction of the disease, the non-surgical treatment of scaling and root planing was applied, in conjunction with the application of the new material. The results of the treatment were evaluated clinically, using the tooth mobility and gingival index scores, as well as histologically. The salivary concentrations of matrix metalloproteinase 8 (MMP-8) and plasmatic concentrations of interleukin 1 (IL-1), interleukin 6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) were also monitored. Two weeks after the ligature application, the periodontal disease was successfully induced in rats. The application of the novel biomaterial obtained through electrospinning was proven to be more effective in improving the clinical parameters, while decreasing the salivary MMP-8 and plasmatic IL-1 and TNF-α concentrations, compared to the simple scaling and root planing. Thus, the novel electrospun biomaterial could be a strong candidate as an adjuvant to the non-surgical periodontal therapy.
A synthetic agonist at the orphanin FQ/nociceptin receptor ORL1: Anxiolytic profile in the rat (2000)

The biochemical and behavioral effects of a nonpeptidic, selective, and brain-penetrant agonist at the ORL1 receptor are reported herein. This low molecular weight compound [(1S,3aS)-8- (2,3,3a,4,5, 6-hexahydro-1H-phenalen-1-yl)-1-phenyl-1,3,8-triaza- spiro[4. 5]decan-4-one] has high affinity for recombinant human ORL1 receptors and has 100-fold selectivity for ORL1 over other members of the opioid receptor family. It is a full agonist at these receptors and elicits dose-dependent anxiolytic-like effects in a set of validated models of distinct types of anxiety states in the rat (i.e., elevated plus-maze, fear-potentiated startle, and operant conflict). When given systemically, the compound has an efficacy and potency comparable to those of a benzodiazepine anxiolytic such as alprazolam or diazepam. However, this compound is differentiated from a classical benzodiazepine anxiolytic by a lack of efficient anti-panic-like activity, absence of anticonvulsant properties, and lack of effects on motor performance and cognitive function at anxiolytic doses (0.3 to 3 mg/kg i.p.). No significant change in intracranial self-stimulation performance and pain reactivity was observed in this dose range. Higher doses of this compound (>/=10 mg/kg) induced disruption in rat behavior. These data confirm the notable anxiolytic-like effects observed at low doses with the orphanin FQ/nociceptin neuropeptide given locally into the brain and support a role for orphanin FQ/nociceptin in adaptive behavioral fear responses to stress.
<title>Quantitative image quality of spatially filtered x-ray fluoroscopy</title> (1999)

One potential method to lower x-ray fluoroscopy dose without compromising image quality is to acquire images at a decreased exposure rate and digitally filter to reduce noise. In both single image frames and image sequences, we investigated the effect of noise-reduction spatial filtering on the detection of stationary cylinders that mimicked arteries, catheters, and guide wires in x-ray imaging. We simulated ideal edge- preserving spatial filters by filtering the noise only and then adding targets for detection. Fitters used were three different center-weighted averagers that reduce pixel noise variance by factors of 0.75, 0.5, and 0.25. Detection performance in unfiltered and spatially filtered noisy image sequences and single frames was measured using a reference/test, 9-alternative, adaptive forced-choice method. Performance level was fixed and results were obtained in the form of signal contrast sensitivity. In single images, the effect of filtering on detection was insignificant at all filtering levels. On the other hand, filtering in image sequences improved detectability by as much as 23%, yielding a potential x-ray dose savings of 34%. Comparing results with the prewhitening matched filter model indicated that human observers have improved detection efficiency in spatially filtered image sequences, as compared to white-noise sequences. We conclude that edge-preserving spatial filtering is more effective in sequences than in single frames. Such filtering can potentially improve image quality in noisy image sequences such as x-ray fluoroscopy.
Orthogonally deconstructable and depolymerizable polysilylethers via entropy-driven ring-opening metathesis polymerization (2022)

The synthesis of novel polysilylethers <i>via</i> entropy-driven ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ED-ROMP) of cyclic bifunctional silyl ether-based monomers is reported. These polymers display good thermal stability and ultra-low <i>T</i><sub>g</sub> (-88 °C). Moreover, they are rapidly deconstructable <i>via</i> the cleavage of the silicon-oxygen linkages with acid or fluoride triggers, and they were partially depolymerizable by the addition of exogenous metathesis catalyst. Analysis of the deconstructed polymer products provided insight into the polymer microstructure, showing that the ED-ROMP process was regiorandom. Altogether, this work offers a new class of deconstructable polymers with a range of potential applications.
Self-Monitoring of Capillary Blood Glucose: Changing the Performance of Individuals with Diabetes (1985)

Standard reflectance meters were modified by the addition of memory chips capable of storing 440 glucose determinations with corresponding time and date. These modified reflectance meters (MR) were given to 20 individuals with type I diabetes in an effort to determine the level of reliability and accuracy they could achieve on a self-monitoring regimen. During a 6-wk period these subjects measured their capillary blood glucose and recorded the results in a logbook (LB). At 2-wk intervals they visited the clinic. Data from the MR was offloaded onto an Apple IIe microcomputer (Apple Computer, Inc., Cupertino, California) and presented to the subjects in a graphic format, depicting the level of metabolic control over the previous 2 wk. The performance of subjects for the 6-wk period showed that they averaged 7 omissions from the LB for every 100 MR recordings; 1 added value in the LB for every 200 MR recordings; and 1 error in accurately copying the test value for every 100 determinations. In comparison with subjects who participated in an earlier study in which they were unaware of the memory function of the reflectance meter, performance during the current study improved in all categories. It was also observed that consistency in reliable and accurate record keeping did not diminish throughout the study period. Despite these positive changes in performance, no alteration in glycemic control was found.
Detection of a Higher Energy Conformer of 2-Phenylethanol by Millimeter-Wave Spectroscopy (2000)

We have detected a second conformer of 2-phenylethanol and determined its shape using Stark-modulated free jet microwave spectroscopy with an elevated preexpansion temperature of 300 °C. By comparison of observed and ab initio predicted spectroscopic rotational constants and hydroxyl-deuteration isotopic substitution coordinates the species has been identified with the Cs trans conformer, designated as 5. This is in agreement with the previously published results from pulsed-jet UV−IR laser spectroscopy. These workers identified 5 together with the lower energy conformer 1 that also was detected by us in an earlier microwave study. Stark effect measurements on 5 yielded electric dipole moment values of μa = 0.3282(6) D, μb = 0.0 D (assumed), μc = 1.33(7) D, and hence μtotal = 1.37(7) D. Previously published large-basis MP2 level ab initio calculations predicted that, because of conformational relaxation, just two conformers should be present following argon jet cooling. However, the C1 trans conformer 4 was predicted to be more stable than 5. New ab initio calculations which include radially diffuse basis functions at the MP2/6-311++G(d,p) level now indicate that 5 is more stable than 4.
<title>Software structure and its performance on FOCAS instrument control, a MOS design, and an analyzing package</title> (2000)

Faint Object Camera And Spectrograph (FOCAS) is completed and now waiting for a commissioning run on the Subaru Telescope atop Mauna Kea. We have developed a software system that includes the control of FOCAS instruments, Multiple Object Slits (MOS) design, and an analyzing package especially for evaluating performances of FOCAS. The control software system consists of several processes: a network interface process, user interface process, a central control engine process, a command dispatcher process, local control units, and a data acquisition system. These processes are mutually controlled by passing messages of commands and their status each other. The control system is also connected to Subaru Observation Software System to achieve high efficiency and reliability of observations. We have two off-line systems: a MOS design program, MDP, and an analyzing package. The MDP is a utility software to select spectroscopy targets in the field of view of FOCAS easily through its GUI and to design MOS plates efficiently. The designed MOS parameters are sent to a laser cutter to make a desirable MOS plate. A special package enables prompt performance check and evaluation of the FOCAS itself during a commissioning period. We describe the overall structure of FOCAS software with some GUI samples.
Single-Chip Laser Source with Linear FMCW LiDAR Chirp (2023)

We present a single-chip hybrid integrated laser source that contains an on-chip delay line for linear FMCW LiDAR chirp. The demonstrations shows the feasibility of chirp linearization without the need for long external optical delays.
Preface (2008)

International Ophthalmology Clinics: Winter 2009 - Volume 49 - Issue 1 - p xv doi: 10.1097/01.iio.0000342975.50125.00
Thermostable Esterase estUT1 from Ureibacillus thermosphaericus: Effect of TrxA Tag on the Enzyme Properties (2020)

The thermostable esterase from the bacterium Ureibacillus thermosphaericus was expressed with Trx tag from plasmid pET32b-estUT1 under T7 promoter in E. coli BL21(DE3). The specific activity and relative thermal stability of the tagged enzyme increased from 45.2 to 65.8% (1 h at 70°С). The additional TrxA tag does not affect the pH optimum of enzyme activity and substrate specificity. At the same time, the absence of the TrxA tag resulted in a significant increase in the stability of estUT1 in during incubation with various chemicals, including ethanol and methanol. The maximum catalytic efficiency (kcat/KM) for esterase was observed in the absence of the TrxA tag and was 280.0 s−1 mM−1. Thereby fusion with TrxA tag promotes the enzyme secretion in the dissolved form, but reduces its thermal stability.
Imaging and Estimation of Tissue Elasticity by Ultrasound (2007)

Ultrasound (US) elasticity imaging is an extension of the ancient art of palpation and of earlier US methods for viewing tissue stiffness such as echopalpation. Elasticity images consist of either an image of strain in response to force or an image of estimated elastic modulus. There are 3 main types of US elasticity imaging: elastography that tracks tissue movement during compression to obtain an estimate of strain, sonoelastography that uses color Doppler to generate an image of tissue movement in response to external vibrations, and tracking of shear wave propagation through tissue to obtain the elastic modulus. Other modalities may be used for elasticity imaging, the most powerful being magnetic resonance elastography. With 4 commercial US scanners already offering elastography and more to follow, US-based methods may be the most widely used for the near future. Elasticity imaging is possible for nearly every tissue. Breast mass elastography has potential for enhancing the specificity of US and mammography for cancer detection. Lesions in the thyroid, prostate gland, pancreas, and lymph nodes have been successfully imaged using elastography. Evaluation of diffuse disease including cirrhosis and transplant rejection is also possible using both imaging and nonimaging methods. Vascular imaging including myocardium, blood vessel wall, plaque, and venous thrombi has also shown great potential. Elasticity imaging may also be important in assessing the progress of ablation therapy. Recent work in assessing porous materials using elastography suggests that the technique may be useful in monitoring the severity of lymphedema.
Adenosine acts as a chemoprotective agent by stimulating G-CSF production: A role for A1 and A3 adenosine receptors (2000)

Adenosine, a ubiquitous nucleoside, is released into the extracellular environment from metabolically active or stressed cells. It binds to cells through specific A1, A(2A), A(2B), and A3 G-protein-associated cell-surface receptors, thus acting as a signal-transduction molecule by regulating the levels of adenylyl cyclase and phospholipase C. In this study, we showed that adenosine stimulates the proliferation of murine bone marrow cells in vitro. Pharmacological studies, using antagonists to the adenosine receptors, revealed that this activity was mediated through the binding of adenosine to its A1 and A3 receptors. This result was further corroborated by showing that the two selective A1 and A3 receptor agonists, N-cyclopentyladenosine (CPA) and 1-deoxy-1-[6-[[(3-iodophenyl)methyl]amino]-9H-purin-9-yl]-N-methyl-be ta-D-ribofuranuronamide (IB-MECA) respectively, induced bone marrow cell proliferation in a manner similar to adenosine. Adenosine's interaction with its A1 and A3 receptors induced G-CSF production, which led to its stimulatory effect on bone marrow cells. These results were confirmed in vivo when we demonstrated that low-dose adenosine (0.25 mg/kg) acted as a chemoprotective agent. When administered after chemotherapy, it restored the number of leukocytes and neutrophils to normal levels, compared with the decline in these parameters after chemotherapy alone. It is suggested that low-dose adenosine, already in clinical use, may also be applied as a chemoprotective agent.
Surgery for Pelvic Organ Prolapse (2010)

: In addition to recommendations within the report, the committee reaffirms that in planning surgery, the individual patient's risk for surgery, risk of recurrence, previous treatments, and surgical goals are all considered in deciding on obliterative versus reconstructive procedures, and in deciding whether the vaginal or the abdominal approach will be used for reconstructive repairs.
Investigations into the Mechanism of Adsorption of Carbon Nanotubes onto Aminopropylsiloxane Functionalized Surfaces (2005)

The factors that control carbon nanotube (CNT) adsorption onto aminopropyl siloxane (APS)-derivatized surfaces were investigated using two distinct types of well-characterized films with significant differences in their detailed structures. Both types of APS films showed a marked increase in CNT adsorption relative to untreated SiO2 surfaces but differed in the amount of CNTs adsorbed. To gain insight into the factors governing adsorption, the surface coverage of the CNTs was monitored as a function of the pH during the deposition, the surfactant used to suspend the CNTs, and the type and amount of salt added to the deposition solution. The adsorption is shown to be governed by electrostatic and VDW forces. In the case of complimentarily charged surfaces, the adsorption is proposed to occur through an ion exchange mechanism.
A Case of First Trimester Prenatal Diagnosis of 21-Hydroxylase Deficiency with Human Complement C4 cDNA Probe. (1990)

Early prenatal diagnosis of 21-hydroxylase (21-OHase) deficiency would enable treatment to be done to protect the fetus from masculinization and/or life-threatening adrenal crisis at birth. We report here the prenatal diagnosis of 21-OHase deficiency with human complement component C4 cDNA to probe DNA from chorionic villi at 10 weeks of gestation. Southern analysis with human C4 cDNA identified TaqI restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs) in the family. Family analysis with these RELPs showed that the fetus was not affected at greater than 99% probability, because the frequency of recombination between the 21-OHase B gene and the C4 gene would be extremely low.
Consensus statements on the approach to patients in a methanol poisoning outbreak (2019)

<b>Background:</b> Methanol poisoning is an important cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide. Although it often occurs as smaller sporadic events, epidemic outbreaks are not uncommon due to the illicit manufacture and sale of alcoholic beverages.<b>Objective:</b> We aimed to define methanol poisoning outbreak (MPO), outline an approach to triaging an MPO, and define criteria for prioritizing antidotes, extracorporeal elimination treatments (i.e., dialysis), and indications for transferring patients in the context of an MPO.<b>Methods:</b> We convened a group of experts from across the world to explore geographical, socio-cultural and clinical considerations in the management of an MPO. The experts answered specific open-ended questions based on themes aligned to the goals of this project. This project used a modified Delphi process. The discussion continued until there was condensation of themes.<b>Results:</b> We defined MPO as a sudden increase in the number of cases of methanol poisoning during a short period of time above what is normally expected in the population in that specific geographic area. Prompt initiation of an antidote is necessary in MPOs. Scarce hemodialysis resources require triage to identify patients most likely to benefit from this treatment. The sickest patients should not be transferred unless the time for transfer is very short. Transporting extracorporeal treatment equipment and antidotes may be more efficient.<b>Conclusion:</b> We have developed consensus statements on the response to a methanol poisoning outbreak. These can be used in any country and will be most effective when they are discussed by health authorities and clinicians prior to an outbreak.
Hyperspectral Infrared Images of Terrain (1986)

Images at 128 wavelengths allow direct identification of many earth surface materials. Two reports describe advanced airborne spectrometer that creates images of terrain at many wavelengths. Airborne imaging spectrometer (AIS) produces two-dimensional images in 128 spectral bands in 1.2-to-2.4-micrometer wavelength region. Images created by 32-by-32 array of mercury cadmium telluride detector elements. Array views swath of Earth below moving aircraft. Used for agricultural, geological, and other surveys.