gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
<title>Fluorescence particle detector for real-time quantification of viable organisms in air</title> (2002)

The ability to detect viable organisms in air in real time is important in a number of applications. Detecting high levels of airborne organisms in hospitals can prevent post-operative infections and the spread of diseases. Monitoring levels of airborne viable organisms in pharmaceutical facilities can ensure safe production of drugs or vaccines. Monitoring airborne bacterial levels in meat processing plants can help to prevent contamination of food products. Monitoring the level of airborne organisms in bio-containment facilities can ensure that proper procedures are being followed. Finally, detecting viable organisms in real time is a key to defending against biological agent attacks. This presentation describes the development and performance of a detector, based on fluorescence particle counting technology, where an ultraviolet laser is used to count particles by light scattering and elicit fluorescence from specific biomolecules found only in living organisms. The resulting detector can specifically detect airborne particles containing living organisms from among the large majority of other particles normally present in air. Efforts to develop the core sensor technology, focusing on integrating an UV laser with a specially designed particle-counting cell will be highlighted. The hardware/software used to capture the information from the sensor, provide an alarm in the presence of an unusual biological aerosol content will also be described. Finally, results from experiments to test the performance of the detector will be presented.
Intimate Partner Violence and Alcohol Abuse in the Indigenous Populations of Panamá (2011)

Indigenous communities in the Chiriqui province of Panama, Central America, the Ngöbe and Buglé tribes, identified a growing problem with alcohol abuse and intimate partner violence (IPV), and invited the College of Nursing at the University of South Florida to conduct research to determine the extent of the problem. A descriptive correlational study adapting an interview-style survey from the 2005 World Health Organization’s “Multi-country study on women’s health and domestic violence against women: Summary report of initial results on prevalence, health outcomes and women’s responses” was conducted to provide baseline research that identifies the extent of IPV, its qualities and risk factors. Although data is currently in the process of analysis, preliminary results illustrate a correlation between alcohol and intimate partner violence in each population, along with strong correlations between alcohol abuse, IPV, education level, number of pregnancies, and number of living children. A strong cry for help was heard from the interviewed women themselves and identified in the preliminary results. No clear resources were identified by the women; family seems the current strongest support system. Our work to increase the awareness of this issue will impact future prevalence and development of community-based interventions for such a unique population.\n \nKeywords: abuse, alcohol, domestic violence, indigenous populations, intimate partner violence, Panama, risk factors for violence
Granulocyte-Derived Cationic Peptides (GDCPs) Present in Leucophoresis Products Enhance Homing of Hematopoietic Stem Cells (HSCs) to SDF-1 Gradient; Potential Implications for Accelerated Recovery of Hematopoiesis After Transplantation of Mobilized Peripheral Blood Stem Cells (PBSC). (2009)

Abstract Abstract 371 Current strategies to accelerate hematopoietic reconstitution after transplantation, include transplantation of greater numbers of HSC or ex vivo expansion of harvested HSC before transplant. However, the number of HSC availabel for allogeneic or autologous transplantation can be low (e.g., umbilical cord blood, poor mobilizers) and strategies to expand HSC and maintain equivalent engraftment capability ex vivo are limited. We reported that some compounds present in leucopheresis products [(e.g., platelet-derived microparticles (Blood 2001, 98: 3143)] and some complement cascade cleavage fragments, e.g., anaphylatoxin C3a (Blood 2005, 101, 3784), enhance the homing responses of HSC to SDF-1 gradient. We recently noted that small cationic peptides released from activated granulocytes (beta2-defensin and cathelicidin) positively prime responsiveness of murine and human HSC to SDF-1 gradient (Leukemia 2009; in press). Accordingly, both compounds enhanced transwell migration of HSC to low threshold doses of SDF-1. This phenomenon was not receptor-dependent, as agonists of membrane receptors that may bind beta2-defensin (FPRL-1), cathelicidin (CCR6) - FPRL-1 agonist, and MIP-3alpha, respectively, did not show similar priming effects. This could be explained by affected distribution of membrane lipids by cationic peptides. In support of this notion, an inhibitor of cell membrane raft formation (methyl-b-cyclodextran) inhibited the priming effect of both compounds, indicating this effect is dependent on CXCR4 incorporation into lipid rafts. Direct confocal analysis of CXCR4 and lipid raft colocalization in the presence or absence of cationic peptides confirmed these findings. Because leucopheresis products are enriched in activated granulocytes that release beta2-defensin and cathelicidin, we tested whether this may explain why mobilized peripheral blood stem cells (PBSC) engraft faster compared to HSC isolated directly from bone marrow (BM) in a murine BM transplant model. Accordingly, syngeneic BMMNCs were exposed ex vivo to beta2-defensin or cathelicidin for 30 minutes and subsequently transplanted into lethally irradiated recipients. We noted that animals transplanted with BM cells primed by those cationic peptides showed accelerated recovery of platelets and neutrophils by ∼3-5 days compared to unprimed control cells. We envision that small cationic peptides, which primarily possess antimicrobial functions and are harmless to mammalian cells, could be clinically applied to prime human HSC before transplantation. This novel approach would be particularly important in cord blood transplantation, where the number of HSC availabel for transplantation is usually limited. We postulate that this promising strategy warrants further investigations. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
ChemInform Abstract: Corrosion of Silicon Nitride Ceramics in Aqueous Hydrogen Chloride Solutions. (1989)

Abstract The effect of processing additives such as Y 2 O 3 , Al 2 O 3 , and AlN on the corrosion behavior of Si 3 N 4 ceramics in 0.1‐10 M HCl solutions is studied at 50‐100 °C. Si 3 N 4 ceramics without additives are more resistant to corrosion attack than ceramics containing additives, which show significant degradation of the fracture strength.
On the topological stability and shadowing in zero-dimensional spaces (2018)

In this paper, we examine the notion of topological stability and its relation to the shadowing properties in zero-dimensional spaces. Several counter-examples on the topological stability and the shadowing properties are given. Also, we prove that any topologically stable (in a modified sense) homeomorphism of a Cantor space exhibits only simple typical dynamics.
p- and n-Channel Photothermoelectric Conversion Based on Ultralong Near-Infrared Wavelengths Absorbing Polymers (2019)

Organic materials absorbing near-infrared (NIR) light are very attractive for the fabrication of optoelectronic devices. In this study, we developed an ultralow energy gap copolymer TzQI-TDPP composed of thiadiazoloquinoxalinimide (TzQI) and thiophene-flanked diketopyrrolopyrrole (TDPP) repeat units. TzQI-TDPP has a nearly identical narrow energy gap (0.60 eV) to that of the p-channel thienoisoindigo-based homopolymer PTII. Both polymers exhibit broad and intense optical absorption in the NIR-II light window (1000–1700 nm). Examination of charge polarity using field-effect transistors indicates p-channel conduction for PTII and n-channel-dominant ambipolar conduction for TzQI-TDPP with moderate mobilities, in which a thin film of TzQI-TDPP displayed air-stable n-channel performance with a persistent mobility of over 0.003 cm2 V–1 s–1 after 30 days. In addition, we explored the photothermal (PT) and thermoelectric (TE) effects in the NIR-II light window by fabricating a photothermoelectric device. Both polymers exhibit PT conversion efficiencies of ∼30%, and the TE effect is observed in p-channel PTII and n-channel TzQI-TDPP. Notably, the PTII and TzQI-TDPP films display excellent photostability during on–off irradiating light cycles, indicating prominent NIR light detection. Our work not only provides a set of p-channel and n-channel-dominant ambipolar polymers with ultralow energy gaps but also demonstrates their underlying structure–property correlations based on electronic structures and their promising potential in applications utilizing NIR-II light.
CHARACTERIZATION OF THE ATMOSPHERE OF THE HOT JUPITER HAT-P-32Ab AND THE M-DWARF COMPANION HAT-P-32B (2021)

We report secondary eclipse photometry of the hot Jupiter HAT-P-32Ab, taken with Hale/WIRC in H and Ks bands and with Spitzer/IRAC at 3.6 and 4.5 micron. We carried out adaptive optics imaging of the planet host star HAT-P-32A and its companion HAT-P-32B in the near-IR and the visible. We clearly resolve the two stars from each other and find a separation of 2.923" +/- 0. 004" and a position angle 110.64 deg +/- 0.12 deg. We measure the flux ratios of the binary in g' r' i' z' and H & Ks bands, and determine Teff = 3565 +/- 82 K for the companion star, corresponding to an M1.5 dwarf. We use PHOENIX stellar atmosphere models to correct the dilution of the secondary eclipse depths of the hot Jupiter due to the presence of the M1.5 companion. We also improve the secondary eclipse photometry by accounting for the non-classical, flux-dependent nonlinearity of the WIRC IR detector in the H band. We measure planet-to-star flux ratios of 0.090 +/- 0.033%, 0.178 +/- 0.057%, 0.364 +/- 0.016%, and 0.438 +/- 0.020% in the H, Ks, 3.6 and 4.5 micron bands, respectively. We compare these with planetary atmospheric models, and find they prefer an atmosphere with a temperature inversion and inefficient heat redistribution. However, we also find that the data are equally well-described by a blackbody model for the planet with Tp = 2042 +/- 50 K. Finally, we measure a secondary eclipse timing offset of 0.3 +/- 1.3 min from the predicted mid-eclipse time, which constrains e = 0.0072 +0.0700/-0.0064 when combined with RV data and is more consistent with a circular orbit.
SU‐E‐J‐85: Landmark‐Driven Interactive Deformable Image Registration (2013)

Purpose: To build a framework for deformable B‐spline image registration with user controlled accuracy by using the positions of point landmarks as guidance. Methods: Manually identified point landmarks are placed on the reference image and their corresponding locations on the test image. An intensity‐based similarity measure is optimized under the constraint of minimizing the distance between the corresponding landmarks. After the Result of registration is visually inspected, the positions of the landmarks may be manually adjusted to improve matching accuracy. Each landmark adjustment operation triggers a re‐optimization routine, which can be repeated until the desired accuracy is reached. Results: We have tested the method on medical use cases to register CT images of the upper body, common in radiotherapy of head and neck cancer. The registration of these images compensates for position error, including pitch and yaw of the head, and flexion of the spine. Deformable registration of these images is very challenging when there is a large spatial shift of the head position. Placing landmarks on a single cross‐section and running optimization one or two times leads to a satisfactory Result . Conclusion: We have developed a practical method of interactive, intuitive correction of deformable registration of medical images. The method integrates both intensity and landmark matching. Our results prove the feasibility of the method and demonstrate potential of the tool for clinical applications.
Data from Detection of <i>BRCA1</i>, <i>BRCA2</i>, and <i>ATM</i> Alterations in Matched Tumor Tissue and Circulating Tumor DNA in Patients with Prostate Cancer Screened in PROfound (2023)

&lt;div&gt;AbstractPurpose:&lt;p&gt;Not all patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) have sufficient tumor tissue available for multigene molecular testing. Furthermore, samples may fail because of difficulties within the testing procedure. Optimization of screening techniques may reduce failure rates; however, a need remains for additional testing methods to detect cancers with alterations in homologous recombination repair genes. We evaluated the utility of plasma-derived circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) in identifying deleterious &lt;i&gt;BRCA1&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;BRCA2&lt;/i&gt; (BRCA), and &lt;i&gt;ATM&lt;/i&gt; alterations in screened patients with mCRPC from the phase III PROfound study.&lt;/p&gt;Patients and Methods:&lt;p&gt;Tumor tissue samples were sequenced prospectively at Foundation Medicine, Inc. (FMI) using an investigational next-generation sequencing (NGS) assay based on FoundationOne®CDx to inform trial eligibility. Matched ctDNA samples were retrospectively sequenced at FMI, using an investigational assay based on FoundationOne®Liquid CDx.&lt;/p&gt;Results:&lt;p&gt;81% (503/619) of ctDNA samples yielded an NGS result, of which 491 had a tumor tissue result. BRCA and &lt;i&gt;ATM&lt;/i&gt; status in tissue compared with ctDNA showed 81% positive percentage agreement and 92% negative percentage agreement, using tissue as reference. At variant-subtype level, using tissue as reference, concordance was high for nonsense (93%), splice (87%), and frameshift (86%) alterations but lower for large rearrangements (63%) and homozygous deletions (27%), with low ctDNA fraction being a limiting factor.&lt;/p&gt;Conclusions:&lt;p&gt;We demonstrate that ctDNA can greatly complement tissue testing in identifying patients with mCRPC and BRCA or &lt;i&gt;ATM&lt;/i&gt; alterations who are potentially suitable for receiving targeted PARP inhibitor treatments, particularly patients with no or insufficient tissue for genomic analyses.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
A Neural Model for Language Identification in Code-Switched Tweets (2016)

Language identification systems suffer when working with short texts or in domains with unconventional spelling, such as Twitter or other social media. These challenges are explored in a shared task for Language Identification in Code-Switched Data (LICS 2016). We apply a hierarchical neural model to this task, learning character and contextualized word-level representations to make word-level language predictions. This approach performs well on both the 2014 and 2016 versions of the shared task.
Enzyme histochemical reactions at the demarcation line in frostbite: an experimental study on rabbits. (1992)

Eleven frostbites were induced on the ears of seven New Zealand White rabbits and specimens were taken from the lesion after 1, 4 and 8 hours, and from ten further frostbites on the ears of six rabbits for examination 1, 3 and 7 days later. The specimens were taken at the border between the frozen and non-frozen skin. NADH-diaphorase, alkaline phosphatase and esterase were demonstrated histochemically in the sample, which was also studied by haematoxylin and eosin staining. Five ears served as controls. Some granulocytes could be seen accumulating in the vessels and in the dermis at the border of the frostbite area after only 1 hour, and other enzyme rich cells (macrophages) also began to appear. After 4 hours the inflammation was quite obvious with the enzyme reactions clearly observable in the sections. After 8 hours there was no marked difference compared with the 4-hour picture. It was only after 3 days that the line of demarcation between the normal and frostbite tissue could be seen clearly. This was oblique in some specimens and vertical in others. The degeneration in the lesion could best be demonstrated by the NADH-diaphorase and esterase reactions and the early inflammation by the alkaline phosphatase reaction.
Cyclooxygenase-1 Orchestrates Germinal Center Formation and Antibody Class-Switch via Regulation of IL-17 (2009)

The cyclooxygenase (COX) enzymes are known modulators of innate immune cell function; however, their contributions to adaptive immunity are relatively unknown. We investigated the roles of COX-1 and COX-2 in the humoral immune response to infection with the Lyme disease pathogen Borrelia burgdorferi. We report that in vitro, murine B cells constitutively expressed COX-1 and up-regulated expression of both COX-1 and COX-2 as well as their products PGE(2), PGF(2alpha), and thromboxane B(2) and their receptors following stimulation with B. burgdorferi or anti-CD40. In vitro inhibition of COX-1 and/or COX-2 in murine B cells resulted in decreased eicosanoid production and altered Ab production. Importantly, infection of mice lacking COX-1, but not COX-2, activity resulted in a defect in Ig class-switching and a lack of Borrelia-specific IgG production. This defect correlated with decreased germinal center formation and IL-6 and IL-17 production, and it could be partially recovered by restoration of IL-6, but fully recovered by IL-17. Furthermore, sera from COX-1 inhibitor-treated mice were dramatically less effective in killing B. burgdorferi, but borreliacidal activity was restored in COX-1 inhibitor-treated mice administered IL-17. We conclude that IL-17 plays a role in Ab production and Ig class-switching in response to infection and that COX-1 is a critical, previously unrecognized regulator of this response.
Vertical Gaa Silicon Nanowire Transistor With Impact Of Temperature On Device Parameters (2010)

In this paper, we present a vertical wire NMOS device fabricated using CMOS compatible processes. The impact of temperature on various device parameters is investigated in view of usual increase in surrounding temperature with device density.
Biofunctional micellar nanoparticles from peptide-b-polymer chimeras (2013)

We describe the precision synthesis and characterization of amphiphilic peptide-b-polymer chimeras encoding, at the molecular level, self-assembly properties and biological functions, presently cell membrane penetrating motifs (Tat peptide). Self-assembled micellar nanoparticles obtained from a series of Tat-b-poly(trimethylene carbonate) (Tat-b-PTMC) chimeras with tunable hydrophilic fractions were finely characterized in order to establish chimera–nanoparticle structure relationships. Well-defined nanoparticles with diameters ranging from 22 to 40 nm could be obtained by direct self-assembly in buffer.
Electrochemical Polarization (1957)

At low overvoltage values, deviations from Tafel behavior for a noncorroding electrode are due primarily to the reverse reaction of the oxidation‐reduction system, and at high overvoltages to concentration and/or resistance polarization. It is shown further that the practice of placing straight lines through a few experimental points is extremely hazardous, while the indiscriminate introduction of "breaks" is contrary to the electrode kinetics described.
Development of a Cruise Controller Based on Current Road Load Information with Integrated Control of Variable Velocity Set-Point and Gear Shifting (2017)

&lt;div class="section abstract"&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Road topography has a remarkable impact on vehicle fuel consumption for both passenger and heavy duty vehicles. In addition, erroneous or non-optimized scheduling of both velocity set-point and gear shifting may be detrimental for fuel consumption and performance. Recent technologies have made road data, such as elevation or slope, either available or measurable on board, thus making possible the exploitation of this additional information in innovative controllers.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;The aim of this paper is the development of a smart, fuel-economy oriented controller adapting cruising speed and engaged gear to current road load (i.e. local slope). Unlike traditional cruise controllers, the velocity set-point is not constant, but it is set by applying a mathematical transformation of the current slope, accounting for the mission time duration as well. A smart shifting logic operation has also been implemented according to the following rules: i) avoid excessive shifting; ii) choose suitable gear to deal with road load while iii) respecting engine operation constraints and iv) keep the engine speed in its maximum efficiency range. Furthermore, in order to enhance fuel economy, the opportunity to decouple the engine from the driveline (i.e. using the neutral gear), when resistant load is below a given threshold, has been explored.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;The proposed controller is assessed in terms of both fuel savings and travel time through an exhaustive simulation analysis carried out for a heavy duty truck running on different test routes and for multiple payload configurations.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
NMR solution conformation of heparin-derived hexasaccharide (1997)

The solution conformation of homogeneous, heparin-derived hexasaccharide (residues A, B, C, D, E, F) has been investigated by using 1H-NMR spectroscopy. Intra-ring conformations have been defined by J-coupling constants and inter-proton nuclear Overhauser effects (NOEs), and the orientation of one ring with respect to the other has been defined by inter-ring NOEs. NOE-based conformational modelling has been done by using the iterative relaxation matrix approach (IRMA), restrained energy minimization to refine structures and to distinguish between minor structural differences and equilibria between various intra-ring forms. All glucosamine residues B, D and F are in the 4C1 chair conformation. The uronate (A) residue is mostly represented by the 1H2 form, whereas internal iduronates (C and E) exist in equilibrium between the chair and skewed boat forms. Deviations in some NOEs indicate a minor contribution of the 2H1 form to the A ring. Glycosidic dihedral angles, which define the overall oligosaccharide conformation, were further refined by combining in vacuo energy map calculations and restrained energy minimization in explicit solvent water. Conformational stability was further assessed by subjecting NOE and IRMA-derived structures to 600 ps of unrestrained molecular dynamics in explicit solvent.