gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Phosphate Glasses for Vitrification of Waste with High Sulfur Content (2002)

The low solubility of sulfate in silicate-based glasses, approximately 1 mass% as SO3, limits the loading of high-level waste (HLW) and low-activity waste (LAW) containing high concentrations of sulfur. Based on crucible melting studies, we have shown that the phosphate glasses may incorporate more than 5 mass% SO3; hence, the waste loading can be increased until another constraint is met, such as glass durability. A high-sulfate HLW glass has been formulated and tested to demonstrate the advantages of phosphate glasses. The effect of waste loading on the chemical durability of quenched and slow-cooled phosphate glasses was determined using the Product Consistency Test.
Mucopolysaccharidosis IVA: four new exonic mutations in patients with N-acetylgalactosamine-6-sulfate sulfatase deficiency. (1996)

We report four new mutations in Japanese patients with mucopolysaccharidosis IVA (MPSIVA) who were heterozygous for a common double gene deletion. A nonsense mutation of CAG to TAG at codon 148 in exon 4 was identified, resulting in a change of Q to a stop codon and three missense mutations. V (GTC) to A (GCC) at codon 138 in exon 4, P (CCC) to S (TCC) at codon 151 in exon 5, and P (CCC) to L (CTC) at codon 151 in exon 5. Introduction of these mutations into the normal GALNS cDNA and transient expression in cultured fibroblasts resulted in a significant decrease in the enzyme activity. V138A and Q148X mutations result in changes of restriction site, which were analyzed by restriction-enzyme assay. P151S and P151L mutations that did not alter the restriction site were detected by direct sequencing or allele specific oligohybridization. Detection of the double gene deletion was initially done using Southern blots and was confirmed by PCR. Haplotypes were determined using seven polymorphisms to the GALNS locus in families with the double gene deletion. Haplotype analysis showed that the common double gene deletion occurred on a single haplotype, except for some variation in a VNTR-like polymorphism. This finding is consistent with a common founder for all individuals with this mutation.
Functional properties of soy proteins (1979)

Abstract Soy protein ingredients must possess appropriate functional properties for food applications and consumer acceptability. these are the intrinsic physicochemical characteristics which affect the behavior of protein in food systems during processing, manufacturing, storage and preparation, e.g., sorption, solubility, gelation, surfactancy, ligand‐binding, and film formation. These properties reflect the composition and conformation of the proteins, their interactions with other food components, and they are affected by processing treatments and the environment. Because functional properties are influenced by the composition, structure and conformation of ingredient proteins, systematic elucidation of the physical properties of component protein is expedient for understanding the mechanism of particular functional traints. The composition and properties of the major components of soy proteins are summarized, and the functional properties of soy proteins of importance in current applications (e.g., hydration, gelation, emulsifying, foaming and flavorbinding characteristics) are briefly reviewed.
Very Deep Self-Attention Networks for End-to-End Speech Recognition (2019)

Recently, end-to-end sequence-to-sequence models for speech recognition have gained significant interest in the research community. While previous architecture choices revolve around time-delay neural networks (TDNN) and long short-term memory (LSTM) recurrent neural networks, we propose to use self-attention via the Transformer architecture as an alternative. Our analysis shows that deep Transformer networks with high learning capacity are able to exceed performance from previous end-to-end approaches and even match the conventional hybrid systems. Moreover, we trained very deep models with up to 48 Transformer layers for both encoder and decoders combined with stochastic residual connections, which greatly improve generalizability and training efficiency. The resulting models outperform all previous end-to-end ASR approaches on the Switchboard benchmark. An ensemble of these models achieve 9.9% and 17.7% WER on Switchboard and CallHome test sets respectively. This finding brings our end-to-end models to competitive levels with previous hybrid systems. Further, with model ensembling the Transformers can outperform certain hybrid systems, which are more complicated in terms of both structure and training procedure.
Tumor-imaging potential of liposomes loaded with In-111-NTA: biodistribution in mice. (1983)

EMT6 tumors in BALB/c mice have been successfully imaged with small (less than 0.1 mu), unilamellar lipid vesicles (SUVs) loaded with In-111 nitrilotriacetic acid (In-111 NTA). Neutral SUVs prepared from distearoyl phosphatidylcholine (DSPC) and cholesterol (CH) (ratio 2:1) delivered sufficient radioactivity to allow tumor visualization 24 hr after i.v. injection; so did positively and negatively charged SUVs with the ratio 4:1:1 for DSPC:CH:X, were X was stearylamine or dicetyl phosphate. Other SUVs containing a 6-aminomannose or 6-aminomannitol derivative of cholesterol did not cause significant tumor accumulation of In-111 NTA, and tumor images were not readily discernible. The maximum tumor-associated radioactivity, 18.5% of injected dose per gram of tissue, was achieved with neutral SUVs. This level of tumor-associated In-111 was over 4 times that observed when unencapsulated In-111 NTA was injected. Neutral SUVs also gave the lowest specific activities in the liver and spleen (14.6% and 18.8% of dose respectively).
ChemInform Abstract: Cleavage of the Oxygen Bridge in 8‐Oxabicyclo(3.2.1)octan‐3‐ones and ‐oct‐6‐en‐3‐ones by Trimethylsilyl Trifluoromethanesulfonate. (1987)

Abstract Treatment of the title compounds (I) and (V) with (IV) results in cleavage of the oxygen bridge to afford the monocyclic products (II) and (VI).
On the localized superluminal solutions to the maxwell equations (2003)

The various experimental sectors of physics in which superluminal motions seem to appear are briefly mentioned. In particular, a bird's-eye view is presented of the experiments with evanescent waves (and/or tunneling photons) and with the "localized superluminal solutions" (SLS) to the wave equation, like the so-called X-shaped beams. The authors also present a series of new SLSs to the Maxwell equations, suitable for arbitrary frequencies and arbitrary bandwidths, some of them endowed with finite total energy. Among the others, the authors set forth an infinite family of generalizations of the classical X-shaped wave and show how to deal with the case of a dispersive medium. Results of this kind may find application in other fields in which an essential role is played by a wave equation (like acoustics, seismology, geophysics, gravitation, elementary particle physics, etc.).
Adulteration or natural variability? enantioselective gas chromatography in purity control of essential oils (1997)

Abstract The potential of enantioselective capillary gas chromatography with modified cyclodextrins as chiral stationary phases for authenticity control is demonstrated for a selection of economically important essential oils. Adulteration can be easily detected in cases where enantiomerically pure constituents are present in natural oils. In cases of (naturally) varying enantiomeric compositions of chiral constituents, enantioselective gas chromatography may prove insufficient.
Modification of Polylactide Surfaces with Lactide-Ethylene Oxide Functional Block Copolymers: Accessibility of Functional Groups (2009)

Feasibility of using amphiphilic block copolymers composed of polylactide (PLA) and poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) blocks for biomimetic surface modification of polylactide-based biomaterials for tissue engineering was investigated. PEO-b-PLA copolymers were deposited on the PLA surface from a solution in PEO-selective solvent. Copolymers with a neutral omega-methoxy end group of the PEO block (mPEO-b-PLA) were used to provide hydrophilic surface of PLLA, which exhibited suppressed nonspecific protein adsorption. Their analogues, containing biotin group at the end of PEO block (bPEO-b-PLA), were used as a model of functional copolymers, carrying a biomimetic group, for example, a cell-adhesion fibronectine-derived peptide sequence. The surface topography of functional groups on the modified surface and their accessibility for interaction with a protein receptor was investigated, taking advantage of specific biotin-avidin interaction, on surfaces modified with a combination of mPEO-b-PLA and bPEO-b-PLA copolymers. The accessibility of model biotin groups for interaction with their protein counterpart was proven through visualization of avidin or avidin-labeled nanospheres with atomic force microscopy.
Lung cancer surgical practice guidelines. Society of Surgical Oncology practice guidelines. (1997)

The Society of Surgical Oncology surgical practice guidelines focus on the signs and symptoms of primary cancer, timely evaluation of the symptomatic patient, appropriate preoperative evaluation for extent of disease, and role of the surgeon in
Integrating Intramolecular Hydrogen Bonding (IMHB) Considerations in Drug Discovery Using ΔlogP As a Tool (2013)

This study demonstrates that ΔlogP(oct-tol) (difference between logP(octanol) and logP(toluene)) describes compounds propensity to form intramolecular hydrogen bonds (IMHB) and may be considered a privileged molecular descriptor for use in drug discovery and for prediction of IMHB in drug candidates. We identified experimental protocols for acquiring reliable ΔlogP(oct-tol) values on a set of compounds representing IMHB motifs most prevalent in medicinal chemistry, mainly molecules capable of forming 6-, 7-member IMHB rings. Furthermore, computational ΔlogP(oct-tol) values obtained with COSMO-RS software provided a good estimate of experimental results and can be used prospectively to assess IMHB. The proposed interpretation method based on ΔlogP(oct-tol) data allowed categorization of the compounds into 2 groups: with high propensity to form IMHB and poor propensity or poor relevance of IMHB. The relative (1)H NMR chemical shift of an exchangeable proton was used to verify presence of IMHB and to validate the IMHB interpretation scheme.
Targeting p38 Mitogen-activated Protein Kinase to Reduce the Impact of Neonatal Microglial Priming on Incision-induced Hyperalgesia in the Adult Rat (2015)

Neonatal incision primes spinal neuroglial signaling, and reincision in adult rats unmasks centrally mediated increases in functional microglial reactivity and persistent hyperalgesia. After early life injury, p38 inhibitors may have specific benefit as part of multimodal analgesic regimes to reduce the risk of persistent postsurgical pain.
Supplementary Table 2 from EZH2 Protein Expression Associates with the Early Pathogenesis, Tumor Progression, and Prognosis of Non–Small Cell Lung Carcinoma (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file 68K, C-index of Cox proportional hazard models of outcome of lung adenocarcinoma patients&lt;/p&gt;
Central Venous Catheter Placement in Hemodialysis: Evaluation of Electrocardiography using a Guide-Wire (2001)

Internal jugular vein cannulation has become a routine and clinically important aspect of medical care in hemodialysis patients. Mismanagement in the location of a central venous catheter may occur in up to 20% of cases. The aim of the study was to evaluate the utility of endocavitary electrocardiography in right internal jugu-lar vein placement of central venous catheters. We examined 327 central venous catheterizations performed in two Dialysis Units; all catheters were positioned using intra-atrial ECG monitoring by guide-wire and after, by catheter filled with NaCl solution. EC-ECG via guide-wire was successful on 321 occasions (98.1%). Correct placement of the catheter was confirmed by EC-ECG via catheter in each case, and by plain chest-X-ray only in the first hundred cases. In 314 patients (98.1%), insertion of the catheter was successful at the first attempt. In 6 catheterizations, no atrial trace was obtained due to atrial fibrillation in 4 cases, and in 2 cases technical error and guide-wire looping into a right jugular vein. Complications as a direct result of guide-wire or catheter placement were not observed. In our opinion this method can be used safely and makes radiological control usually unnecessary. (The Journal of Vascular Access 2001; 2: 45-50).
Advanced Single-Mode 850 nm VCSELs for Record NRZ and PAM4 Data Rate on SMF-28 Fiber up to 1 km (2021)

Temperature-stable single-mode 850 nm VCSELs with integrated mode-selective filters are developed and demonstrated record NRZ 38 Gb/s (25 °C), NRZ 32 Gb/s (70 °C) and PAM4 32 GBaud (25 °C) on 1 km standard single-mode fiber (SMF-28).
Reflex effects of lung inflation on tracheomotor tone observed during apnea produced by the Hering-Breuer reflex (1994)

Reflex effects of static pressure lung inflation (SLI) on tracheomotor tone (TT) were studied during apnea produced by the Hering-Breuer expiratory-facilitatory reflex. Anesthetized dogs were placed on cardiopulmonary bypass, and diaphragm electromyogram was used as an indicator of central nervous system inspiratory output. Tracheomotor tone (TT) was reflexly produced by chemoreceptor stimulation. The volume and frequency of the ventilator [phasic lung inflation (PLI)] were adjusted to produce nearly a maximum reflex decrease in TT. The increase in TT observed while PLI was withheld (0 mmHg tracheal pressure) for 1-2 min was used as the control response. SLIs were interspersed among sets of PLIs. Although SLI produced apnea, TT returned toward the control TT recorded during 0 mmHg tracheal pressure. TT observed during apnea was reflexly sensitive to further increases in SLI and to changes in chemoreceptor stimulation, which also affected the time course of the tracheomotor responses. These results suggest that the reflex decrease in TT produced by SLI and the Hering-Breuer expiratory-facilitatory reflex are mediated by different central mechanisms but may be from the same or different pulmonary receptors.
Filter-Feeding Bivalves Store and Biodeposit Colloidally Stable Gold Nanoparticles (2011)

Nanoparticles resistant to salt-induced aggregation are continually being developed for biomedical and industrial applications. Because of their colloidal stability these functionalized nanoparticles are anticipated to be persistent aquatic contaminants. Here, we show that Corbicula fluminea, a globally distributed clam that is a known sentinel of aquatic ecosystem contamination, can uptake and biodeposit bovine serum albumin (BSA) stabilized gold nanoparticles. Nanoparticle clearance rates from suspension were dictated by diameter and concentration, with the largest particles cleared most quickly on a mass basis. Particle capture facilitates size-selective 'biopurification' of particle suspensions with nanoscale resolution. Nanoparticles were retained either within the clam digestive tract or excreted in feces. Our results suggest that biotransformation and biodeposition will play a significant role in the fate and transport of persistent nanoparticles in aquatic systems.
Antioxidants protect against gingival overgrowth induced by cyclosporine A (2021)

We concluded that CsA repetitively stimulating the production of ROS is the cause of CsA-GO which is ameliorated by treating antioxidants, including vitamin E and sulforaphane. Furthermore, the immunosuppressive effect of CsA is not interfered by antioxidant treatments in rats. This finding may thus help the clinician devise better prevention strategies in patients susceptible to GO.
A history of cesareans is a risk factor in vaginal hysterectomies (2003)

In vaginal hysterectomy, a history of single or multiple cesareans increases the peroperative risk for hysterectomies by the vaginal route. The surgeon must take into account the history of cesareans and be attentive to the previous operating time of the bladder and uterine region especially at the time of opening the anterior peritoneal cul de sac. Nevertheless, uterine scarring as a sequel to cesareans must not be a contraindication for the vaginal route.
Sequential detection of abrupt changes in spectral characteristics of digital signals (1983)

The problem of sequential detection of abrupt changes in the spectral behavior of a digital signal is addressed. This problem arises, for example, in the sequential segmentation of nonstationary digital signals such as speech, (EEG) electroencepholograms, (ECG) electrocardiogram, and geophysical signals. The limitations of a classical test will be emphasized, and some new algorithms will be presented and compared via a simulation study and from a theoretical point of view.
Configuratively Stable Dipeptide Aldehydes from D‐Glucosamine Hydrochloride (1992)

Chiral N-benzyloxycarbonyl-protected amino acids and D-glucosamine hydrochloride are the starting materials for the two-step synthesis of configuratively stable dipeptide aldehydes 1 and their subsequent products, peptide Michael acceptors 2. These compounds may serve as synthetic building blocks and as potential protease inhibitors. Z = CO2CH2Ph; representative R and R′ groups are iPr and OtBu, respectively.
Steric effects in bicyclic systems. IV. Base-catalyzed enolization of bicyclo[2.2.2]octan-2-one, bicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-2-one, and bicyclo[2.1.1]hexan-2-one (1973)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSteric effects in bicyclic systems. IV. Base-catalyzed enolization of bicyclo[2.2.2]octan-2-one, bicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-2-one, and bicyclo[2.1.1]hexan-2-oneGuillermo A. Abad, Satya P. Jindal, and Thomas T. TidwellCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1973, 95, 19, 6326–6331Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1973Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1973https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00800a028https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00800a028research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views351Altmetric-Citations20LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Demographics of UK contact lens prescribing (2008)

To assess the demographics of UK contact lens prescribing, data gathered from annual contact lens fitting surveys conducted over the past 12 years were mined for clinically useful information. Significant gender differences in age, lens design, wearing modality and wearing frequency are putatively explained in terms of cosmetic and lifestyle factors.
Examination of Complementary Medicine for Treating Urinary Tract Infections Among Pregnant Women and Children (2022)

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are a significant clinical problem that pregnant women and children commonly experience. <i>Escherichia coli</i> is the primary causative organism, along with several other gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. Antimicrobial drugs are commonly prescribed to treat UTIs in these patients. Conventional treatment can range from using broad-spectrum antimicrobial drugs for empirical or prophylactic therapy or patient-tailored therapy based on urinary cultures and sensitivity to prospective antibiotics. The ongoing emergence of multi-drug resistant pathogens has raised concerns related to commonly prescribed antimicrobial drugs such as those used routinely to treat UTIs. Consequently, several natural medicines have been explored as potential complementary therapies to improve health outcomes in patients with UTIs. This review discusses the effectiveness of commonly used natural products such as cranberry juice/extracts, ascorbic acid, hyaluronic acid, probiotics, and multi-component formulations intended to treat and prevent UTIs. The combination of natural products with prescribed antimicrobial treatments and use of formulations that contained high amounts of cranberry extracts appear to be most effective in preventing recurrent UTIs (RUTIs). The incorporation of natural products like cranberry, hyaluronic acid, ascorbic acid, probiotics, Canephron<sup>®</sup> N, and Cystenium II to conventional treatments of acute UTIs or as a prophylactic regimen for treatment RUTIs can benefit both pregnant women and children. Limited information is available on the safety of natural products in these patients' populations. However, based on limited historical information, these remedies appear to be safe and well-tolerated by patients.
Enzymatic Production of Melibiose from Raffinose by the Levansucrase from Leuconostoc mesenteroides B-512 FMC (2017)

Melibiose, which is an important reducing disaccharide formed by α-1,6 linkage between galactose and glucose, has been proven to have beneficial applications in both medicine and agriculture. In this study, a characterized levansucrase from Leuconostoc mesenteroides B-512 FMC was further used to study the bioproduction of melibiose from raffinose. The reaction conditions were optimized for melibiose synthesis. The optimal pH, temperature, substrate concentration, ratio of substrates, and units of enzymes were determined as pH 6.0, 45 °C, 210 g/L, 1:1 (210 g/L:210 g/L), and 5 U/mL, respectively. The transfructosylation product of raffinose was determined to be melibiose by FTIR and NMR. A high raffinose concentration was found to strongly favor the production of melibiose. When 210 g/L raffinose and 210 g/L lactose were catalyzed using 5 U/mL purified levansucrase at pH 6.0 and 45 °C, the maximal yield of melibiose was 88 g/L.
Metalloadsorption by Escherichia coli Cells Displaying Yeast and Mammalian Metallothioneins Anchored to the Outer Membrane Protein LamB (1998)

Yeast (CUP1) and mammalian (HMT-1A) metallothioneins (MTs) have been efficiently expressed in Escherichia coli as fusions to the outer membrane protein LamB. A 65-amino-acid sequence from the CUP1 protein of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (yeast [Y] MT) was genetically inserted in permissive site 153 of the LamB sequence, which faces the outer medium. A second LamB fusion at position 153 was created with 66 amino acids recruited from the form of human (H) MT that is predominant in the adipose tissue, HMT-1A. Both LamB153-YMT and LamB153-HMT hybrids were produced in vivo as full-length proteins, without any indication of instability or proteolytic degradation. Each of the two fusion proteins was functional as the port of entry of lambda phage variants, suggesting maintenance of the overall topology of the wild-type LamB. Expression of the hybrid proteins in vivo multiplied the natural ability of E. coli cells to bind Cd2+ 15- to 20-fold, in good correlation with the number of metal-binding centers contributed by the MT moiety of the fusions.