gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
ENHANCED PLATELET AGGREGATION IN CHRONIC RENAL FAILURE PATIENTS RECEIVING HEMODIALYSIS TREATMENT (1977)

&lt;p&gt;We describe the preparation and solution properties of Janus micelles, i.e., non-centrosymmetric nanoparticles with compartmentalized shells, via co-assembly of two fully water-soluble block copolymers. They consist of a mixed core of poly(N-methyl-2-vinyl pyridinium iodide) (P2MVP) and poly(acrylic acid) (PAA), and a shell segregated into two sides, consisting of poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) or poly(acryl amide) PAAm. These Janus particles form spontaneously and reversibly, i.e., association, dissocation, and reassociation can be carefully controlled via parameters, such as polymer mixing fraction, solution pH, and ionic strength. Dynamic (polarized and depolarized) and static light scattering, cryogenic transmission electron microscopy, small angle neutron and X-ray scattering, and two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy are used to monitor the micelle formation and to characterize the micellar structure. The Janus particles were found to be ellipsoidal, with a cigar-like overall shape and a disc-like core. This peculiar morphology is driven by the delicate interplay between two opposing forces: an attraction between the oppositely charged core blocks and a subtle repulsion between the water-soluble, neutral corona blocks.&lt;/p&gt;
Genetically Engineered Poly-γ-glutamate Producer fromBacillus subtilisISW1214 (2006)

The pgsBCA-gene disruptant from Bacillus subtilis ISW1214, i.e., MA41, does not produce poly-gamma-glutamate (PGA). We newly constructed an MA41 recombinant bearing the plasmid-borne PGA synthetic system, in which PGA production was strictly controlled by the use of xylose. Unlike the parent strain, ISW1214, the genetically engineered strain produced abundant PGA in both L-glutamate-rich and D-glutamate-rich media.
FI Catalysts for Olefin Polymerization—A Comprehensive Treatment (2011)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVReviewNEXTFI Catalysts for Olefin Polymerization—A Comprehensive TreatmentHaruyuki Makio*, Hiroshi Terao, Akihiko Iwashita, and Terunori Fujita*View Author Information Research Center, Mitsui Chemicals, Inc., 580-32 Nagaura, Sodegaura, Chiba 299-0265, Japan*E-mail: [email protected] (H.M.); [email protected] (T.F.).Cite this: Chem. Rev. 2011, 111, 3, 2363–2449Publication Date (Web):January 20, 2011Publication History Received3 September 2010Published online20 January 2011Published inissue 9 March 2011https://doi.org/10.1021/cr100294rCopyright © 2011 American Chemical SocietyRIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views11148Altmetric-Citations510LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit Read OnlinePDF (13 MB) Get e-AlertscloseSUBJECTS:Alkyls,Catalysts,Ethylene polymerization,Hydrocarbons,Ligands Get e-Alerts
Synthesis of Carbon Materials by the Short-term Mechanochemical Activation of Polyvinyl Chloride (2016)

Mechanochemical activation of PVC in a high-energy centrifugal-planetary mill was shown to increase its reactivity in dehydrochlorination under the action of bases. Thus modified PVC is capable of low-temperature carbonization and can form a carbon material even at the temperatures below 400°C.
The Kulinkovich Reaction in the Synthesis of ConstrainedN,N-Dialkyl Neurotransmitter Analogues (2007)

An intermolecular Ti(IV)-mediated cyclopropanation reaction has been used to synthesize substituted 2-phenylcyclopropylamines and constrained analogues of the neurotransmitters histamine and tryptamine. Many hydroxy- and methoxy-substituted phenylcyclopropylamines are known to inhibit monoamine oxidase and have been shown to mimic hallucinogens. These compounds were made in 1 to 5 steps from readily available starting materials.
Acidolysis of α-O-4 Aryl-Ether Bonds in Lignin Model Compounds: A Modeling and Experimental Study (2015)

Lignocellulosic biomass offers a vast, renewable resource for the sustainable production of fuels and chemicals. To date, a commonly employed approach to depolymerize the polysaccharides in plant cell walls employs mineral acids, and upgrading strategies for the resulting sugars are under intense development. Although the behavior of cellulose and hemicellulose is reasonably well characterized, a more thorough understanding of lignin depolymerization mechanisms in acid environments is necessary to predict the fate of lignin under such conditions and ultimately to potentially make lignin a viable feedstock. To this end, dilute acid hydrolysis experiments were performed on two lignin model compounds containing the α-O-4 ether linkage at two temperatures concomitant with dilute acid pretreatment. Both primary and secondary products were tracked over time, giving insight into the reaction kinetics. The only difference between the two model compounds was the presence or absence of a methyl group on the α-carbon, with the former being typical of native lignin. It was found that methylation of the α-carbon increases the rate of reaction by an order of magnitude. Density functional theory calculations were performed on a proposed mechanism initiated by a nucleophilic attack on the α-carbon by water with a commensurate protonation of the ether oxygen. The values for the thermodynamics and kinetics derived from these calculations were used as the basis for a microkinetic model of the reaction. Results from this model are in good agreement with the experimental kinetic data for both lignin model compounds and provide useful insight into the primary pathways of α-O-4 scission reactions in acid-catalyzed lignin depolymerization. The distribution of primary and secondary products is interpreted as a function of two barriers of formation exhibiting opposite trends upon methylation of the α-carbon (one barrier is lowered while the other is increased). Such insights will be needed to construct a comprehensive model of how lignin behaves in a common deconstruction approach.
Synthetic approaches towards avibactam and other diazabicyclooctane β-lactamase inhibitors (2020)

Avibactam is a non β-lactam β-lactamase inhibitor that has recently been approved in association with a β-lactam antibiotic for the treatment of severe infections caused by otherwise resistant bacteria. Its therapeutic success encouraged the development of many congeners based on its particular diazabicyclooctane scaffold. This review presents a detailed overview of the synthetic strategies that have been implemented to acces these complex bicyclic compounds with a particular focus on those that are currently on the market or in clinical trials.
Application of iPS cell technologies to regenerate articular cartilage damage and model skeletal dysplasia (2018)

Primordial cartilage serves as the skeletal template during development. It gives rise to two types of cartilage, growth cartilage and articular cartilage, after birth. Growth cartilage is where the bone grows in children, and its dysfunction due to genetic mutations causes short stature and skeletal malformation, conditions called skeletal dysplasia. Articular cartilage covers the ends of bones and provides shock absorption and lubrication to diarthrodial joints. Injury and degeneration of articular cartilage cause joint pain during motion, leading to osteoarthritis in adults. The conditions that compromise growth cartilage or articular cartilage are poorly understood, and curative drugs are not available. iPSC technologies have been used to study cartilage diseases. Cartilage consists of chondrocytes embedded in abundant extracellular matrix that the chondrocytes produce. We have developed a method in which human iPSCs (hiPSCs) are differentiated toward chondrocytes that produce extracelluar matrix to prepare cartilage (hiPSC-derived cartilage).
[Medical questionnaire, sleep diary, actigraphy]. (2015)

Sleep disorders, including insomnia are common in older people. Since the sleep problems are generally subjective, intensive medical interviews using various sleep questionnaires are critical in the diagnosis and assessment. As an objective examination of sleep quality, an overnight polysomnography at a hospital is the gold standard, but sleep diary and actigraphy, which record sleep for a prolonged period at home, are useful to examine the sleep habit and sleep phase. In older people, the discrepancy between sleep diary and actigraphy sometimes become broader, and the prevalence of comorbidity increase. Thus, the systematic assessment using both subjective and objective measurements becomes more important.
The Eccentric:Concentric Strength Ratio of Human Skeletal Muscle In Vivo: Meta-analysis of the Influences of Sex, Age, Joint Action, and Velocity (2023)

For decades, researchers have observed that eccentric (ECC) muscle strength is greater than concentric (CON) muscle strength. However, knowledge of the ECC:CON strength ratio is incomplete and might inform resistance exercise prescriptions. Our purposes were to determine the magnitude of the ECC:CON ratio of human skeletal muscle in vivo and explore if sex, age, joint actions/exercises, and movement velocity impact it. A total of 340 studies were identified through searches. It was possible to analyse 1516 ECC:CON ratios, aggregated from 12,546 individuals who made up 564 groups in 335 of the identified studies. Approximately 98% of measurements occurred on isokinetic machines. Bayesian meta-analyses were performed using log-ratios as response variables then exponentiated back to raw ratios. The overall main model estimate for the ECC:CON ratio was 1.41 (95% credible interval [CI] 1.38-1.44). The ECC:CON ratio was slightly less in men (1.38 [CI 1.34-1.41]) than women (1.47 [CI 1.43-1.51]), and greater in older adults (1.62 [CI 1.57-1.68]) than younger adults (1.39 [CI 1.36-1.42]). The ratio was similar between grouped upper-body (1.42 [CI 1.38-1.46]) and lower-body joint actions/exercises (1.40 [CI 1.37-1.44]). However, heterogeneity in the ratio existed across joint actions/exercises, with point estimates ranging from 1.32 to 2.61. The ECC:CON ratio was most greatly impacted by movement velocity, with a 0.20% increase in the ratio for every 1°/s increase in velocity. The results show that ECC muscle strength is ~ 40% greater than CON muscle strength. However, the ECC:CON ratio is greatly affected by movement velocity and to lesser extents age and sex. Differences between joint actions/exercises likely exist, but more data are needed to provide more precise estimates.
Combinations of Biomechanical Metrics Involving Single and Multi Level Lumbar Posterior Dynamic Spinal Treatments (2012)

The subtle effects of motion preservation devices are comparatively more difficult to detect based wholly on the range of motion (RoM) parameter, despite the historical success in characterizing fixation devices. Additional approaches such as descriptive facet techniques, i.e., facet translations analysis, and newly defined metrics, i.e., interpedicular displacement (ID) must first be established, verified and standardized. Ideally, more complete biomechanical parameters would facilitate clinical understanding of specific new devices. The recent focus in our lab has been to measure the RoM in conjunction with other parameters, including ID, to more completely characterize a lumbar spine treated with a posterior dynamic systems (PDS). Furthermore, understanding the construct and which components dominate overall tissue response is important for PDS systems.
Array Detector (2016)

This document contains recommendations for terminology in mass spectrometry. Development of standard terms dates back to 1974 when the IUPAC Commission on Analytical Nomenclature issued recommendations on mass spectrometry terms and definitions. In 1978, the IUPAC Commission on Molecular Structure and Spectroscopy updated and extended the recommendations and made further recommendations regarding symbols, acronyms, and abbreviations. The IUPAC Physical Chemistry Division Commission on Molecular Structure and Spectroscopy’s Subcommittee on Mass Spectroscopy revised the recommended terms in 1991 and appended terms relating to vacuum technology. Some additional terms related to tandem mass spectrometry were added in 1993 and accelerator mass spectrometry in 1994. Owing to the rapid expansion of the field in the intervening years, particularly in mass spectrometry of biomolecules, a further revision of the recommendations has become necessary. This document contains a comprehensive revision of mass spectrometry terminology that represents the current consensus of the mass spectrometry community.
Photoelectron-photofragment coincidence studies of I3− using an electrospray ionization source and a linear accelerator (2019)

New insights into the dissociative photodetachment and the charge-symmetric three-body photodissociation of I<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup> are provided by photoelectron-photofragment coincidence spectroscopy.
Design to Achieve Fault Tolerance and Resilience (2012)

The purpose of this report is to provide initial scoping for follow on work designed to improve nuclear plant operation. The focus of this report is twofold. Selected trips over the last five years are examined to determine if there are potential opportunities to automate tasks that are currently performed manually. The second area is to evaluate the potential for avoiding reactor trips by reducing power in a controlled manner upon the loss of turbine generator load. Some candidate opportunities to reduce the frequency on reactor trips identified in this report are redundant feedwater controls, automated response to a feedwater or condensate pump trip reducing power vice a reactor trip, and elimination of air operators for the feedwater control valves or providing redundant air supplies.
The role of subchondral insufficiency fracture in rapid destruction of the hip joint: A preliminary report (2000)

Subchondral insufficiency fracture resulting from osteopenia may lead to a rapid breakdown of the hip joint.
Undirected and Interpretable Continuous Topic Models of Documents (2007)

We propose a new type of undirected graphical model suitable for topic modeling and dimensionality reduction for large text collections. Unlike previous Boltzmann machine and harmonium based methods, this new model represents words using Discrete distributions akin to traditional `bag-of-words' methods. However, in contrast to directed topic models such as latent Dirichlet allocation, each word is drawn from a distribution that takes into account all possible topics, as opposed to a topic-specific distribution. Furthermore, our models use positive continuous valued latent variables and learn more interpretable latent topic spaces than previous undirected techniques. As other undirected models, once such models have been learned, inference required for representing a document in the latent space is fast. We present document retrieval experiments showing the benefits of our new approach.
On the Inherent Sequentiality of Concurrent Objects (2012)

We present $\Omega(n)$ lower bounds on the worst case time to perform a single instance of an operation in any nonblocking implementation of a large class of concurrent data structures shared by n processes. Time is measured by the number of stalls a process incurs as a result of contention with other processes. For standard data structures such as counters, stacks, and queues, our bounds are tight. The implementations considered may apply any primitives to a base object. No upper bounds are assumed on either the number of base objects or their size.
Dynamic Simulations of the Post-combustion CO2 Capture System of a Combined Cycle Power Plant (2017)

Dynamic process models of the capture unit of a 600 MW combined cycle power plant with postcombustion CO2 capture were developed in the Modelica language. The process models were utilized to understand the transient response of the capture unit when the plant was initially operated at steady-state conditions at different power plant's loads. Simulations to characterize the open-loop response of main process variables of the process to step-change disturbances in flue gas mass flow rate, solvent circulation mass flow rate and reboiler duty were performed. It was found that the plant was slower when operated at lower loads, i.e., it required longer total stabilization times for the most relevant variables of the process. Simulations revealed that the PCC unit responded significantly faster to an increase in exhaust gas mass flow rate than to a reduction in exhaust gas mas flow rate.
First-moment distinguishability bounds (2011)

Massachusetts Institute of Technology(Dated: October 10, 2011)The usual quantum uncertainty bounds are based on second moments of the quantum amplitudedistribution. Here we present similar bounds based on rst moments, in which average energy andmomentum de ne the maximum average temporal and spatial rates of distinguishable state change.INTRODUCTION
Stability and ionic mobility in argyrodite-related lithium-ion solid electrolytes (2015)

In the search for fast lithium-ion conducting solids for the development of safe rechargeable all-solid-state batteries with high energy density, thiophosphates and related compounds have been demonstrated to be particularly promising both because of their record ionic conductivities and their typically low charge transfer resistances. In this work we explore a wide range of known and predicted thiophosphates with a particular focus on the cubic argyrodite phase with a robust three-dimensional network of ion migration pathways. Structural and hydrolysis stability are calculated employing density functional method in combination with a generally applicable method of predicting the relevant critical reaction. The activation energy for ion migration in these argyrodites is then calculated using the empirical bond valence pathway method developed in our group, while bandgaps of selected argyrodites are calculated as a basis for assessing the electrochemical window. Findings for the lithium compounds are also compared to those of previously known copper argyrodites and hypothetical sodium argyrodites. Therefrom, guidelines for experimental work are derived to yield phases with the optimum balance between chemical stability and ionic conductivity in the search for practical lithium and sodium solid electrolyte materials.
Reliable femoral frame construction on MRI images (2013)

Click to increase image sizeClick to decrease image sizeKeywords:: MRIfemurframereliability AcknowledgementThe authors thank Bertrand Moal for his contribution.
A network audit system for host-based intrusion detection (NASHID) in Linux (2002)

Recent work has shown that conventional operating system audit trails are insufficient to detect low-level network attacks. Because audit trails are typically based upon system calls or application sources, operations in the network protocol stack go unaudited. Earlier work has determined the audit data needed to detect low-level network attacks. We describe an implementation of an audit system which collects this data and analyze the issues that guided the implementation. Finally, we report the performance impact on the system and the rate of audit data accumulation in a test network.
FORTUITOUS ESTABLISHMENT OF AGENIASPIS CITRICOLA (HYMENOPTERA: ENCYRTIDAE) IN JAMAICA ON THE CITRUS LEAFMINER (LEPIDOPTERA: GRACILLARIIDAE) (2007)

These data indicate that the population of A. citricola in Jamaica probably originated from the Australian (Thailand), rather than from the Taiwan, population. This is consistent with what is currently known about the origin of the established Ageniaspis population in Florida (Alvarez 2000). It is not known when, or how, A. citricola arrived in Jamaica, although the CLM was detected there in 1994. The fortuitous establishment of A. citricolaon the CLM in Jamaica is not the only such establishment of a natural enemy discovered during this 2004 survey of citrus. The parasitoid Lipolexis oregmae Gahan (Hymenoptera: Aphidiidae) was found attacking the brown citrus aphid, Toxoptera citricida Kirkaldy (Hemiptera: Aphididae) (Hoy et al., unpublished data), and the eulophid parasitoid Tamarixia radiata Waterston was found attacking the Asian citrus psyllid, Diaphorina citri Kuwayama (Hemiptera: Psyllidae). The fact that 3 natural enemies of 3 invasive citrus pests were found in Jamaica, none of which were purposefully imported and released, suggests that pest-infested citrus trees were imported into Jamaica without going through appropriate quarantine procedures. Because each pest arrived at different times, the parasitoids probably arrived at different times, as well. This indicates that an analysis is needed to identify the critical control pointsmore » within those services in Jamaica that support border protection, and that procedures may require strengthening. (author)« less
SINGLE DOSE TOXICITY STUDIES OF CALCIPOTRIOL (MC903) IN RATS AND DOGS (1996)

A single dose toxicity of calcipotriol (MC903), an anti-psoriasic agent, administered subcutaneously (s.c.) and percutaneously (p.c.) was studied in Slc:SD rats (s.c. and p.c.) and beagle dogs (s.c.). The LD50 values of MC903 were as follows: rats, 2.19 mg/kg in males and 2.51 mg/kg in females by s.c., and more than 15 mg/kg in both sexes by p.c.; dogs, more than 1.5 mg/kg in males by p.c. No sexual difference was noted in LD50 values of rats. Death of rats was observed from 1 to 3 days after administration by both routes. Dead animals showed decreases in body weight and locomotor activity, reddish tear, abnormal gait and dirty hair by both routes. Furthermore, dead animals administered by s.c. showed salivation, nasal discharge, piloerection, ptosis, diarrhea, urorrhea, nasal and vaginal bleeding, subnormal temperature, loose stool, cyanosis, irregular and deep respirations, clonic and tonic convulsions. Survival of rats showed similar signs to those of dead animals except for nasal discharge, nasal and vaginal bleeding, cyanosis, agonal respiration and convulsion. Discoloration of the kidney, white patch of the heart and a dilatation of the stomach wall were observed on macroscopic examinations. No mortalities were observed in dogs which showed vomiting, conjunctival congestion, circumoral and auricular reddenings, periblepharal purplish reddening, decreases in locomotor activity and defecation, emaciation, eye discharge, skin desquamation of treated area and an increase in respiration. On macroscopic examination, desquamation of the skin, reddening of the circumoral mucosa, pale gray yellow striations in renal tubules of the cortex and discoloration of the thyroid were observed. Histopathological findings revealed epidermal thickening with parakeratosis, fibrocytes, hypertrophy and hypersecretion of the sebaceous and sweat glands, formation of epitheloid glanulomas and infiltration of neutrophils in the subcutaneous tissues. Furthermore, moderate calcium deposits in the renal tubules, fatty cells and slight calcium deposits in interstitial tissues of the thyroid, and a cystic nest of an ectopic intestinal epithelium between muscle layers of the duodenum were observed at the highest dose. On the basis of results obtained in the present study, rats administered MC903 by s.c. or p.c. died probably due to the circulatory and renal disturbance resulted from effects of this drug on the heart and kidney.