gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
VerifyNet: Secure and Verifiable Federated Learning (2019)

As an emerging training model with neural networks, federated learning has received widespread attention due to its ability to update parameters without collecting users' raw data. However, since adversaries can track and derive participants' privacy from the shared gradients, federated learning is still exposed to various security and privacy threats. In this paper, we consider two major issues in the training process over deep neural networks (DNNs): 1) how to protect user's privacy (i.e., local gradients) in the training process and 2) how to verify the integrity (or correctness) of the aggregated results returned from the server. To solve the above problems, several approaches focusing on secure or privacy-preserving federated learning have been proposed and applied in diverse scenarios. However, it is still an open problem enabling clients to verify whether the cloud server is operating correctly, while guaranteeing user's privacy in the training process. In this paper, we propose VerifyNet, the first privacy-preserving and verifiable federated learning framework. In specific, we first propose a double-masking protocol to guarantee the confidentiality of users' local gradients during the federated learning. Then, the cloud server is required to provide the Proof about the correctness of its aggregated results to each user. We claim that it is impossible that an adversary can deceive users by forging Proof, unless it can solve the NP-hard problem adopted in our model. In addition, VerifyNet is also supportive of users dropping out during the training process. The extensive experiments conducted on real-world data also demonstrate the practical performance of our proposed scheme.
Mycobacterium kubicae sp. nov., a slowly growing, scotochromogenic Mycobacterium. (2000)

A previously uncharacterized, slowly growing, scotochromogenic Mycobacterium species was detected by HPLC analysis of the cell-wall-bound mycolic acids. The mycolic acid pattern standard was shown to be a late-eluting, contiguous peak cluster occurring at approximately 8-9 min. The mycolic acid pattern was noted to be most similar in number of peaks and range of elution to that reported previously for Mycobacterium asiaticum. However, the relative distribution of peaks within the elution range demonstrated a pattern with prominent peaks that started to emerge later than the characteristic M. asiaticum pattern. Standard biochemical identification test results were similar to those of the photochromogenic species M. asiaticum. Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis confirmed the genetic uniqueness of the strains and demonstrated the unclassified mycobacteria to be in a unique, intermediate position between slow and rapid growers in the phylogenetic tree of Mycobacterium. The name Mycobacterium kubicae sp. nov. is proposed for this taxon. The type strain is CDC 941078T (= ATCC 700732T = CIP 106428T).
Fire (2008)

Abstract This chapter describes the spate of church arsons during the mid-1990s, focusing on the summer of 1996, when a large number of predominantly African-American churches burned, dominating headlines for a number of weeks.
THE EFFECT OF PHOTON IRRADIANCE ON THE BEHAVIORAL ECOLOGY AND POTENTIAL NICHE SEPARATION OF FRESHWATER PHYTOPLANKTONIC FLAGELLATES1 (2003)

Photoresponsive behavior in phytoplanktonic flagellates potentially controls depth regulation, vertical migration, and the accumulation of cells in preferred conditions and hence has major implications for photosynthesis, growth, and species competition. This study used microscale laboratory chambers with cell track analysis and mesoscale lake studies to investigate the responses of five phylogenetically contrasting freshwater flagellates to gradients of light. Laboratory results demonstrated that these species differed in their light preferences despite being grown at the same photon irradiance. Preferred photon irradiances were 20–120, 20, 65–120, 4–20, and&gt;200 μmol photons·m −2 ·s −1 , respectively, for Ceratium furcoides (Levander) Langhans, Chlamydomonas moewusii Gerloff, Dinobryon sertularia Ehrenberg, Euglena gracilis Klebs, and Plagioselmis nannoplanctica (Skuja) Novarino. Analysis of the response of individual cells showed that in all species, photoresponsive preference was the result of positive and negative phototaxis combined with step‐up and step‐down photophobic reactions. There was no evidence for photokinesis or cell memory. Only in C. furcoides did the preferred photon irradiance alter with growth conditions. In C. furcoides , D. sertularia , and P. nannoplanctica , irradiance preference matched the optimal irradiance for growth, whereas in the two remaining species a lower than optimal irradiance was preferred, suggesting that light may be used as an indicator of other ecological conditions. Mesoscale experiments in a lake demonstrated that the laboratory microscale measurements provide information relevant to understanding ecological distributions. Behavioral responses to light contribute to the delineation of vertical niche separation and provide a method for predicting the spatial and temporal distribution of flagellates.
Septal-lateral annular cinching ('SLAC) reduces mitral annular size without perturbing normal annular dynamics. (2002)

SLAC substantially reduced S-L annular size, but without perturbing normal MA contraction dynamics, MA flexion, or anterior leaflet excursion. This novel surgical method might represent an alternative to mitral annuloplasty for patients with certain types of mitral pathology.
Concealed Antidromic Re‐entrance During Rapid Atrial Pacing in the Wolff‐Parkinson‐White Syndrome (1983)

In a patient with Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome, rapid atrial pacing up to rates of 140/min resulted in A-H prolongation; increases in rate up to 200/min, however, failed to lengthen A-H further. The delta-H interval increased as rate rose to 120/min, but remained stable thereafter. These and other findings suggest retrograde activation of the His bundle via the accessory pathway at rates greater than 140/min. Such a phenomenon: 1) prevents initiation of PSVT with atrial pacing; 2) prevents one from determining the anterograde block rate of the AV node; 3) represents concealed antidromic re-entrance, which may theoretically lead to antidromic re-entrant PSVT.
Spectral Convergence of Large Block-Hankel Gaussian Random Matrices (2017)

This paper studies the behaviour of the empirical eigenvalue distribution of large random matrices W_N W_N* where W_N is a ML x N matrix, whose M block lines of dimensions L x N are mutually independent Hankel matrices constructed from complex Gaussian correlated stationary random sequences. In the asymptotic regime where M \rightarrow \infty, N \rightarrow +\infty and ML/N \rightarrow c &gt; 0, it is shown using the Stieltjes transform approach that the empirical eigenvalue distribution of W_N W_N* has a deterministic behaviour which is characterized.
Updated Global Burden of Cholera in Endemic Countries (2015)

The global burden of cholera remains high. Sub-Saharan Africa accounts for the majority of this burden. Our findings can inform programmatic decision-making for cholera control.
Synthetische Analoga des Corticotropins Veränderung der N‐terminalen Amino‐Gruppe des Corticotropin‐(1–23)‐trikosipeptid‐amids (1969)

Abstract Vier Analoge 1c – f des Corticotropin‐(1–23)‐trikosipeptids (1b) , das eine physiologische Aktivität von etwa 100 i. E./mg besitzt, werden beschrieben. In Verbindung 1c ist 1‐ L ‐Serin durch L ‐Prolin ersetzt; die physiologische Aktivität sinkt dadurch auf etwa die Hälfte ab, während sie beim Austausch von 1‐ L ‐Serin gegen β‐Alanin in 1d auf das Fünffache ansteigt. Ersatz von 4‐ L ‐Methionin durch das nicht‐isostere L ‐Leucin in 1e vermindert die physiologische Wirkung gegenüber 1b . In der entsprechenden 1‐β‐Alanin‐Verbindung 1f erbringt der gleichzeitige Austausch von 1‐ L ‐Serin gegen β‐Alanin überraschenderweise keine wesentliche Wirkungssteigerung. – Die Peptide der Sequenz 1 – 10 werden nach dem neuen Aufbauschema 1+(3+6) hergestellt; der Effekt verschiedener Zusätze bei der Kupplung dieser Decapeptide mit dem Tridecapeptid‐amid 10 wird diskutiert.
A Simple Method for Classification of Cell Death by Use of Thin Layer Collagen Gel for the Detection of Apoptosis and/or Necrosis after Cancer Chemotherapy (2001)

To assess the efficacy of cancer chemotherapy, an important index is apoptosis of the target cells, which can usually be confirmed by electron microscopy (EM). We established a new experimental technique, whereby cancer cells (MKN45) were distributed in thin collagen gel as one or two cell layers, and cultured with anti-cancer drugs (5-FU and CDDP). The cells were stained with fluorescent Hoechst 33258 (Ho) and photographed, then with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and again photographed, and processed for EM. This approach allowed us to characterize the patterns of death of single cells in detail. There were six patterns of cell damage: two patterns of apoptosis, early peripheral condensation of chromatin and late apoptotic bodies, two patterns of necrosis, cytoplasmic swelling and washed-out images, and two further patterns, with morphological features of both apoptosis and necrosis, neither classified into necrosis nor apoptosis. The results show that cell death patterns can be mostly determined by combining observations of Ho and H&E-stained cells without the necessity for EM observation.
An energy storage technique for gearless wind power systems (2013)

Hydraulic wind power transfer systems allow collecting of energy from multiple wind turbines into one generation unit. They bring the advantage of eliminating the gearbox as a heavy and costly component. The hydraulically connected wind turbines provide variety of energy storing capabilities to mitigate the intermittent nature of wind power. This paper introduces the hydraulic circuitry and control algorithm for a novel wind energy electrical energy storage technique. The simulation results demonstrate successful operation of the storage to maintain the fluid in the system and control the generator speed at a reference.
Formal Concept Analysis for the Identification of Molecular Fragment Combinations Specific for Active and Highly Potent Compounds (2008)

We introduce fragment formal concept analysis (FragFCA) to study complex relationships between fragments in active compounds taking potency information into account. Fragment combinations that are unique to active or highly potent compounds or that are shared by molecules having different or overlapping activity profiles are systematically identified using chemically intuitive queries of varying complexity. The methodology is applied to analyze fragment distributions in antagonists of seven G protein coupled receptor targets and identify signature fragments. Pairs or triplets of molecular fragments are found to be most specific for different activity profiles and compound potency levels. In addition, we demonstrate the ability of FragFCA to identify selective hits in high-throughput screening data sets.
Biomechanical Characterization of Mouse Sclera in Myopia (2019)

Myopia, or near-sightedness, is a common ocular condition in which the eye elongates excessively. Development of myopia is associated with, and thought to be facilitated by, changes in the biomechanical properties of the sclera (the white part of the eye). We characterized scleral biomechanics in a mouse model of myopia using unconfirmed compression testing and biphasic theory to extract scleral permeability, in- plane scleral tensile modulus, and through-plane scleral compressive modulus. We find that myopia reduces in-plane tensile modulus and permeability, consistent with scleral tissue remodeling. Such biomechanical outcome measures may offer advantages over more traditional assessments of myopia-associated changes in the small mouse eye.
Bartonella henselaein Porpoise Blood (2005)

We report detection of Bartonella henselae DNA in blood samples from 2 harbor porpoises (Phocoena phocoena). By using real-time polymerase chain reaction, we directly amplified Bartonella species DNA from blood of a harbor porpoise stranded along the northern North Carolina coast and from a pre-enrichment blood culture from a second harbor porpoise. The second porpoise was captured out of habitat (in a low-salinity canal along the northern North Carolina coast) and relocated back into the ocean. Subsequently, DNA was amplified by conventional polymerase chain reaction for DNA sequencing. The 16S-23S intergenic transcribed spacer region obtained from each porpoise was 99.8% similar to that of B. henselae strain San Antonio 2 (SA2), whereas both heme-binding phage-associated pap31 gene sequences were 100% homologous to that of B. henselae SA2. Currently, the geographic distribution, mode of transmission, reservoir potential, and pathogenicity of bloodborne Bartonella species in porpoises have not been determined.
ChemInform Abstract: New Trends in Solvothermal Crystal Growth at the Macro‐ and Nanoscale (2010)

Abstract Review: 92 refs.
Featherweight Java (2001)

Several recent studies have introduced lightweight versions of Java: reduced languages in which complex features like threads and reflection are dropped to enable rigorous arguments about key properties such as type safety. We carry this process a step further, omitting almost all features of the full language (including interfaces and even assignment) to obtain a small calculus, Featherweight Java, for which rigorous proofs are not only possible but easy. Featherweight Java bears a similar relation to Java as the lambda-calculus does to languages such as ML and Haskell. It offers a similar computational "feel," providing classes, methods, fields, inheritance, and dynamic typecasts with a semantics closely following Java's. A proof of type safety for Featherweight Java thus illustrates many of the interesting features of a safety proof for the full language, while remaining pleasingly compact. The minimal syntax, typing rules, and operational semantics of Featherweight Java make it a handy tool for studying the consequences of extensions and variations. As an illustration of its utility in this regard, we extend Featherweight Java with generic classes in the style of GJ (Bracha, Odersky, Stoutamire, and Wadler) and give a detailed proof of type safety. The extended system formalizes for the first time some of the key features of GJ.
Sizing of an Energy Storage System for Grid Inertial Response and Primary Frequency Reserve (2015)

Large-scale integration of renewable energy sources in power system leads to the replacement of conventional power plants (CPPs) and consequently challenges in power system reliability and security are introduced. This study is focused on improving the grid frequency response after a contingency event in the power system with a high penetration of wind power. An energy storage system (ESS) might be a viable solution for providing inertial response and primary frequency regulation. A methodology has been presented here for the sizing of the ESS in terms of required power and energy. It describes the contribution of the ESS to the grid, in terms of inertial constant and droop. The methodology is applied to a 12-bus grid model with high wind power penetration. The estimated ESS size for inertial response and primary frequency regulation services are validated through real-time simulations. Moreover, it is demonstrated that the ESS can provide the response similar to that provided by the CPPs.
Mechanisms of placental invasion of the uterus and their control (1992)

Trophoblast cells of the placenta in many species have acquired mechanisms to invade the uterus, inclusive of its blood vessels, to establish efficient fetomaternal exchange of molecules. This invasion is strictly controlled both spatially and temporally and, in humans, usually continues until midgestation. Key mechanisms underlying various steps in trophoblast invasion are: (i) the attachment to the basement membrane, most likely by binding to laminin; (ii) the detachment from the basement membrane matrix, a process requiring the presence of complex-type oligosaccharides on the cell surface; and (iii) the breakdown of basement membrane components, mediated by secretion of metalloproteases (such as type IV collagenases) and serine proteases (plasminogen activator). Activation of trophoblast-derived metalloproteases appears to be plasmin dependent. Trophoblast invasiveness in situ is controlled by the microenvironment, owing to local production of anti-invasive factors by the decidual tissue of the uterus. One of these factors is TIMP (tissue inhibitor of metalloproteases), which neutralizes metalloproteases in an equimolar ratio. Another is TGF-beta (transforming growth factor-beta), which has a dual effect: it induces TIMP-1 secretion by the trophoblast and decidual cells and promotes differentiation of invasive trophoblast cells into multinucleated giant cells, which are presumably noninvasive. Thus, TGF-beta provides the key control of trophoblast invasiveness in situ. This control is lost in certain choriocarcinomas. In contrast to the response shown by the normal trophoblast, JAR and JEG-3 choriocarcinoma cell invasiveness does not seem to be inhibited by TGF-beta. In fact, in preliminary studies, JAR cells responded to TGF-beta by increased invasiveness.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Effect of Cimetidine Premedication on Morphine-Induced Ventilatory Depression (1984)

Obstetric Anesthesia Digest provides timely summaries of the world literature in obstetric anesthesia. Each quarterly issue features dozens of clear, concise summaries of the most significant recent articles, frequently accompanied by insightful commentary by one of the Digest's renowned editorial consultants. The comprehensive coverage includes editorials and reviews, special articles, case reports, and "Short Takes"—abbreviated abstracts of secondary papers
ChemInform Abstract: ASYMMETRIC 1,4‐ADDITIONS OF COORDINATED MECU.BF3 TO CHIRAL ENOATES: ENANTIOSELECTIVE SYNTHESES OF (S)‐(‐)‐CITRONELLIC ACID (1984)

Abstract Ungesättigte Ester (I) addieren das koordinativ gebundene Methylkupfer (II) stereospezifisch zu Methylierungsprodukten (III) bzw. (IV).
Trust-Preserving Mechanism for Blockchain Assisted Mobile Crowdsensing (2023)

Blockchain is envisioned as one of the promising technologies to address trust concern brought by mobile crowdsensing (MCS), due to its auditability, immutability and decentralization. Nevertheless, blockchain cannot fundamentally guarantee that the valuable sensed data outside the chain can enter the chain, although data integrity and consistency can be ensured once it is confirmed inside the chain. In addition, simply applying blockchain in MCS while ignoring possible abnormal saboteurs hidden in numerous devices may mislead the normal operation of blockchain, resulting in untrustworthy interactions. Consequently, it is highly desirable to build a trust-preserving mechanism (TPM) to fully enjoy the benefits of using blockchain in MCS. To this end, we first resort to a probabilistic trust assessment inferred from the interaction outcomes in blockchain, to incentivize participants to maintain the trustworthiness of interactions. By inferring trust to aid decision-making, trust decision is further made, including leader election and transaction data generation, to filter untrusted nodes from participating in blockchain process. Finally, extensive simulations are conducted to validate the effectiveness and efficiency of TPM, and improve the performance in terms of contribution rate, consensus accuracy and system stability.
The Silicone Syndrome (2006)

In Brief Silicone syndrome results from migration of free liquid silicone into the pulmonary capillaries following subcutaneous injection. Such injections are often performed illegally by nonmedical personnel for cosmetic reasons, such as breast and gluteal augmentation. Once the free silicone reaches the pulmonary circulation, it induces interstitial inflammation, increased capillary permeability, alveolar edema, and alveolar hemorrhage, and produces a syndrome that clinically resembles fat embolization syndrome. Patients with silicone syndrome usually present with cough, fever, dyspnea, and chest pain, although a minority of patients primarily present with severe neurologic symptoms; mortality is usually high for this latter subset of patients. Thoracic imaging studies in patients with silicone syndrome usually show bilateral patchy areas of consolidation and ground-glass opacity, which is characteristically and often strikingly subpleural. These radiographic findings are suggestive of silicone syndrome in the proper clinical context. Silicone syndrome is a rare complication of subcutaneous injection of free liquid silicone that produces alveolar hemorrhage and respiratory distress and characteristically manifests on thoracic imaging studies as bilateral, peripheral ground-glass opacity, and consolidation.
Sites of predicted stress-induced DNA duplex destabilization occur preferentially at regulatory loci. (1993)

This paper describes a computational method to predict the sites on a DNA molecule where imposed superhelical stresses destabilize the duplex. Several DNA sequences are analyzed in this way, including the pBR322 and ColE1 plasmids, bacteriophage f1, and the polyoma and bovine papilloma virus genomes. Superhelical destabilization in these molecules is predicted to occur at small numbers of discrete sites, most of which are within regulatory regions. The most destabilized sites include the terminator and promoter regions of specific plasmid operons, the LexA binding sites of genes under SOS control, the intergenic control region of bacteriophage f1, and the polyadenylylation sites in eukaryotic viruses. These results demonstrate the existence of close correspondences between sites of predicted superhelical duplex destabilization and specific types of regulatory regions. The use of these correspondences to supplement string-matching techniques in the search for regulatory loci is discussed.
Properties of sodium silicate bonded sand hardened by microwave heating (2009)

The sodium silicate bonded sand hardened by microwave heating has many advantages,such as low sodium silicate adding quantity,fast hardening speed,high room temperature strength,good collapsibility and certain surface stability. However,it has big moisture absorbability in the air,which would lead to the compression strength and the surface stability of the sand molds being sharply reduced. In this study,the moisture absorbability of the sodium silicate bonded sand hardened by microwave heating in different humidity conditions and the effect factors were investigated. Meanwhile,the reasons for the big moisture absorbability of the sand were analyzed.Some measures to overcome the problems of high moisture absorbability,bad surface stability and sharply reducing strength in the air were discussed. The results of this study establish the foundation of green and clean foundry technology based on the microwave heating hardening sodium silicate sand process.
Exploring the spatio-temporal correlation of twin photons via sum frequency generation (2011)

We describe the X-shaped geometry, non-factorable in space and time, of the spatio-temporal correlation of biphotons, and the temporal localization thereby achievable. We discuss a scheme where the X-correlation is revealed by the inverse process of sum frequency generation