gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Statistical characterization and block-based modeling of motion-adaptive coded video (1993)

The statistical characteristics of full-motion video sources using motion-adaptive variable-bit-rate coding techniques is studied. Analytical models are developed to describe the behavior of the coded video signals based on the encoder structure. The video-compression algorithm used is in compliance with the general MPEG syntax and bit-stream definition. Statistical characteristics associated with each block type and their aggregate are presented. A composite model to represent the number of bits per field for the encoded video traffic that comprises multiple autoregressive models for the number of blocks per field and the number of bits in each coded block is derived. The statistics measured from a sample video sequence are compared to those obtained by the model and it is observed that the model captures the coded video behavior for each block type and their combination reasonably well. This model can be used to further study the cell-generation process of full-motion video codecs and the aggregation of such video sources at the statistical multiplexers.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
1-deoxynojirimycin inhibits glucose absorption and accelerates glucose metabolism in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice (2013)

We investigated the role of 1-deoxynojirimycin (DNJ) on glucose absorption and metabolism in normal and diabetic mice. Oral and intravenous glucose tolerance tests and labeled (13)C6-glucose uptake assays suggested that DNJ inhibited intestinal glucose absorption in intestine. We also showed that DNJ down-regulated intestinal SGLT1, Na(+)/K(+)-ATP and GLUT2 mRNA and protein expression. Pretreatment with DNJ (50 mg/kg) increased the activity, mRNA and protein levels of hepatic glycolysis enzymes (GK, PFK, PK, PDE1) and decreased the expression of gluconeogenesis enzymes (PEPCK, G-6-Pase). Assays of protein expression in hepatic cells and in vitro tests with purified enzymes indicated that the increased activity of glucose glycolysis enzymes was resulted from the relative increase in protein expression, rather than from direct enzyme activation. These results suggest that DNJ inhibits intestinal glucose absorption and accelerates hepatic glucose metabolism by directly regulating the expression of proteins involved in glucose transport systems, glycolysis and gluconeogenesis enzymes.
Mel-frequency cepstral coefficient analysis in speech recognition (2006)

Speech recognition is a major topic in speech signal processing. Speech recognition is considered as one of the most popular and reliable biometric technologies used in automatic personal identification systems. Speech recognition systems are used for variety of applications such as multimedia browsing tool, access centre, security and finance. It allows people work in active environment to use computer. For a reliable and high accuracy of speech recognition, simple and efficient representation methods are required. In this paper, the zero crossing extraction and the energy level detection are applied to the recorded speech signal for voiced/unvoiced area detection. The detected voiced signals are applied for segmentation. Further, the MFCC method is applied to all of the segmented windows. The extracted MFCC data are further used as inputs for neural network training.
Simulation study on micro-grid coordinated control under islanding operation (2012)

In view of the variation of distributed generation, load and the topology in the micro-grid, how to achieve the effective coordination and control to ensure the stability and the power quality under a variety of states, is the key problem for micro-grid under islanding operation. This paper carried out thorough analysis on the coordinated control of distributed generation in the micro-grid in order to solve this problem. A set of operation criterion has been established for different types of distributed generation, not only to maintain the voltage and frequency stability, but also to achieve optimal usage of the energy mix automatically. Simulation model has been developed and also presented in this paper, which demonstrated the feasibility and correctness of the coordinated control strategy.
REACTIONS OF PERFLUOROALKANE-SULFONYL CHLORIDES WITH SILYL ENOL ETHERS CATALYZED BY A RUTHENIUM(II) PHOSPHINE COMPLEX (1997)

Abstract Reactions of trifluoromethane- and tridecafluorohexanesulfonyl chlorides with silyl enol ethers have been investigated in the presence of a ruthenium(II) phosphine complex. Perfluoroalkylation and chlorination occurred depending on the substituent of silyl enol ether; i.e. perfluoroalkylated compound was selectively obtained in the reactions with silyl enol ether possessing an electron-withdrawing group, on the other hand, chlorinated compounds selectively formed in the reaction with a silyl enol ether possessing electron-donating group.
Effects of coarse aggregate angularity and asphalt binder on laboratory-measured permanent deformation properties of HMA (2008)

Rutting has been identified as one of the primary distresses in asphalt pavements. Rutting in hot-mix asphalt (HMA) mixtures can be attributed to either the lack of interlocking of aggregate structure or insufficient bonding between aggregate and asphalt binder, or both. In the present study, efforts have been made to identify the contributions of aggregate structure and asphalt binder to the rutting characteristics of a dense-graded surface HMA mixture. Coarse gravels at five different angularity levels (100, 85, 70, 50 and 35% of aggregate with two or more fractured surfaces) were used to produce mixtures with similar aggregate gradations. Three different asphalt binders (PG 64-22, PG 76-22 and PG 82-22) were used to make mixtures for laboratory rut evaluations. The aggregate imaging system (AIMS), uncompacted voids in coarse aggregate (VCA) and tri-axial shear tests were conducted to evaluate the coarse aggregate angularity (CAA). The US Army Corps of Engineers' gyratory testing machine (GTM), creep and the asphalt pavement analyser (APA) tests were selected to characterise the rut resistance of asphalt mixtures. The results from this study indicated that coarse aggregate AIMS, VCA and tri-axial tests were related to the CAA and laboratory-measured rutting indices. At temperatures close to the binder's upper grade limit, aggregate structures played a critical role in the rut resistance of HMA mixtures; whereas, at temperatures below the binder's upper grade limit, the stiffness of the asphalt binder played a more important role in the rut resistance of asphalt mixtures evaluated in this study.
Antipodal gray codes for structured light (2008)

A Gray code and its variants are popular code-patterns for a structured light system. An n-bit Gray code is a kind of binary code whose adjacent code-strings differ only in one bit position. We introduce a specified Gray code, called an 'antipodal Gray code.' Since the n-bit antipodal Gray code has the additional property that the complement of any code-string appears exactly n steps away in the list, the spatial frequency (the width between the white and black stripes) of the antipodal Gray code-pattern is similar along frames. In this paper, we describe the limitations of structured light and the criteria for robust codes. We evaluate the original and antipodal Gray codes, and the experimental results show that the antipodal Gray code provides more robust and accurate results than original Gray codes.
Mapping Local Nucleotide Flexibility by Selective Acylation of 2‘-Amine Substituted RNA (1999)

2‘-Amine substitutions in single-stranded oligoribonucleotides react more rapidly with activated esters than 2‘-amine positions in mismatched or duplex RNA substrates. Reactivity does not reflect static solvent accessibility or electrostatics. We infer that acylation of 2‘-amine substituted RNA is sensitive to local nucleotide flexibility. Selective acylation was used to map the structure and magnesium ion dependent conformational changes in tRNAAsp transcripts containing single 2‘-amine substitutions per transcript. Under denaturing conditions, all 2‘-amine substituted RNA positions show similar reactivity. When tRNAAsp transcripts are refolded under strongly native conditions (10 mM Mg2+, 100 mM NaCl), positions involved in base pairing and known tertiary interactions, including base triples and loop−loop interactions, are protected from modification. In the absence of magnesium ion the acceptor, T- and anticodon stems form stable helices as judged by their low relative 2‘-amine reactivity. In contrast, the D-stem and most tertiary interactions require greater than 1 mM MgCl2 for stable folding. These results emphasize an interdependence between formation of the D-stem helix and tertiary structure folding for yeast tRNAAsp transcripts. This chemical approach for mapping local RNA flexibility yields results consistent with prior biophysical and biochemical studies emphasizing its utility for mapping local nucleotide environments on small quantities of RNA molecules of any size.
In Situ Observation on Hierarchical Actin Bundle Networks(Poster session 1, New Frontiers in Colloidal Physics : A Bridge between Micro- and Macroscopic Concepts in Soft Matter) (2007)

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Do's and Don'ts of Cryo-electron Microscopy: A Primer on Sample Preparation and High Quality Data Collection for Macromolecular 3D Reconstruction (2015)

Cryo-electron microscopy (cryoEM) entails flash-freezing a thin layer of sample on a support, and then visualizing the sample in its frozen hydrated state by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). This can be achieved with very low quantity of protein and in the buffer of choice, without the use of any stain, which is very useful to determine structure-function correlations of macromolecules. When combined with single-particle image processing, the technique has found widespread usefulness for 3D structural determination of purified macromolecules. The protocol presented here explains how to perform cryoEM and examines the causes of most commonly encountered problems for rational troubleshooting; following all these steps should lead to acquisition of high quality cryoEM images. The technique requires access to the electron microscope instrument and to a vitrification device. Knowledge of the 3D reconstruction concepts and software is also needed for computerized image processing. Importantly, high quality results depend on finding the right purification conditions leading to a uniform population of structurally intact macromolecules. The ability of cryoEM to visualize macromolecules combined with the versatility of single particle image processing has proven very successful for structural determination of large proteins and macromolecular machines in their near-native state, identification of their multiple components by 3D difference mapping, and creation of pseudo-atomic structures by docking of x-ray structures. The relentless development of cryoEM instrumentation and image processing techniques for the last 30 years has resulted in the possibility to generate de novo 3D reconstructions at atomic resolution level.
Copper Inverse Opal Surfaces for Enhanced Boiling Heat Transfer (2017)

Enhanced boiling is one of the popular cooling schemes in thermal management due to its superior heat transfer characteristics. This study demonstrates the ability of copper inverse opal (CIO) porous structures to enhance pool boiling performance using a thin CIO film with a thickness of ∼ 10 μm and pore diameter of 5 μm. The microfabricated CIO film increases microscale surface roughness that in turn leads to more active nucleation sites thus improved boiling performance parameters such as heat transfer coefficient and critical heat flux compared to those of smooth Si surfaces. The experimental results for CIO film show a maximum critical heat flux of 225 W/cm2 (at 16.2°C superheat) or about 3 times higher than that of smooth Si surface (80 W/cm2 at 21.6°C superheat). Optical images showing bubble formation on the microporous copper surface are captured to provide detailed information of bubble departure diameter and frequency.
Effects of the Antidiabetic Drugs on the Age-Related Atrophy and Sarcopenia Associated with Diabetes Type II. (2014)

The skeletal muscle atrophy and sarcopenia are negative prognostic factors in the treatment of the diabetic aged-population. Insulin therapy stimulated protein anabolism in younger but not older patients and failed to prevent atrophy. The insulin- sensitizer glitazones are promising agents against atrophy but the un-favorable benefit/risk profile limits their use. Metformin is an AMPK agonist potentiating insulin actions in the adult human muscle, but not in the aged individuals. The AMPK agonists have the potential to induce atrophy. The KATP channel blockers such as the sulfonylureas and glinide may induce atrophy. Glibenclamide indeed induces atrophy in rat and in human. Within the glinides, repaglinide is the most potent atrophic agent "in vitro" in animals. The GLP-1 and incretins showed beneficial effects in skeletal muscle but their effects on the age-dependent muscle atrophy in human and animals are not known. The novel sodium glucose co-transporter inhibitors may not have been recognized as drug-induced atrophic/anti-atrophic effects. Here we reviewed the effects of the anti-diabetic drugs on the age-related muscle atrophy.
High Temperature Thermal Energy Storage Utilizing Metallic Phase Change Materials and Metallic Heat Transfer Fluids (2013)

Cost and volume savings are some of the advantages offered by the use of latent heat thermal energy storage (TES). Metallic phase change materials (PCMs) have high thermal conductivity, which relate to high charging and discharging rates in TES system, and can operate at temperatures exceeding 560 °C. In the study, a eutectic aluminium–silicon alloy, AlSi12, is identified as a good potential PCM. AlSi12 has a melting temperature of 577 °C, which is above the working temperature of regular heat transfer fluids (HTFs). The eutectic sodium–potassium alloy (NaK) is identified as an ideal HTF in a storage system that uses metallic PCMs. A concept is presented that integrates the TES-unit and steam generator into one unit. As NaK is highly reactive with water, the inherently high thermal conductivity of AlSi12 is utilized in order to create a safe concept. As a proof of concept, a steam power-generating cycle was considered that is especially suited for a TES using AlSi12 as PCM. The plant was designed to deliver 100 MW with 15 h of storage. Thermodynamic and heat transfer analysis showed that the concept is viable. The analysis indicated that the cost of the AlSi12 storage material is 14.7 US$per kWh of thermal energy storage.
Human RioK3 is a novel component of cytoplasmic pre-40S pre-ribosomal particles (2012)

Maturation of the 40S ribosomal subunit precursors in mammals mobilizes several non-ribosomal proteins, including the atypical protein kinase RioK2. Here, we have investigated the involvement of another member of the RIO kinase family, RioK3, in human ribosome biogenesis. RioK3 is a cytoplasmic protein that does not seem to shuttle between nucleus and cytoplasm via a Crm1-dependent mechanism as does RioK2 and which sediments with cytoplasmic 40S ribosomal particles in a sucrose gradient. When the small ribosomal subunit biogenesis is impaired by depletion of either rpS15, rpS19 or RioK2, a concomitant decrease in the amount of RioK3 is observed. Surprisingly, we observed a dramatic and specific increase in the levels of RioK3 when the biogenesis of the large ribosomal subunit is impaired. A fraction of RioK3 is associated with the non ribosomal pre-40S particle components hLtv1 and hEnp1 as well as with the 18S-E pre-rRNA indicating that it belongs to a bona fide cytoplasmic pre-40S particle. Finally, RioK3 depletion leads to an increase in the levels of the 21S rRNA precursor in the 18S rRNA production pathway. Altogether, our results strongly suggest that RioK3 is a novel cytoplasmic component of pre-40S pre-ribosomal particle(s) in human cells, required for normal processing of the 21S pre-rRNA.
Enhanced tubuloglomerular feedback in mice with vascular overexpression of A 1 adenosine receptors (2009)

Adenosine 1 receptors (A1AR) in the kidney are expressed in the vasculature and the tubular system. Pharmacological inhibition or global genetic deletion of A1AR causes marked reductions or abolishment of tubuloglomerular feedback (TGF) responses. To assess the function of vascular A1AR in TGF, we generated transgenic mouse lines in which A1AR expression in smooth muscle was augmented by placing A1AR under the control of a 5.38-kb fragment of the rat smooth muscle alpha-actin promoter and first intron (12). Two founder lines with highest expression in the kidney [353 +/- 42 and 575 +/- 43% compared with the wild type (WT)] were used in the experiments. Enhanced expression of A1AR at the expected site in these lines was confirmed by augmented constrictor responses of isolated afferent arterioles to administration of the A1AR agonist N6-cyclohexyladenosine. Maximum TGF responses (0-30 nl/min flow step) were increased from 8.4 +/- 0.9 mmHg in WT (n = 21) to 14.2 +/- 0.7 mmHg in A1AR-transgene (tg) 4 (n = 22; P < 0.0001), and to 12.6 +/- 1.2 mmHg in A1AR-tg7 (n = 12; P < 0.02). Stepwise changes in perfusion flow caused greater numerical TGF responses in A1AR-tg than WT in all flow ranges with differences reaching levels of significance in the intermediate flow ranges of 7.5-10 and 10-15 nl/min. Proximal-distal single-nephron glomerular filtration rate (SNGFR) differences (free-flow micropuncture) were also increased in A1AR-tg, averaging 6.25 +/- 1.5 nl/min compared with 2.6 +/- 0.51 nl/min in WT (P = 0.034). Basal plasma renin concentrations as well as the suppression of renin secretion after volume expansion were similar in A1AR-tg and WT mice, suggesting lack of transgene expression in juxtaglomerular cells. These data indicate that A1AR expression in vascular smooth muscle cells is a critical component for TGF signaling and that changes in renal vascular A1AR expression may determine the magnitude of TGF responses.
Hydration of Several Sesquiterpene Hydrocarbons with Water or Formic acid in the Presence of Synthetic Zeolites (1992)

The Hydration of longicyclene (1), longipinene (2), and ledene (3) with water or formic acid in the presence of several synthetic zeolites was investigated.The hydration of (1) with water-formic acid (pH=1) in the presence of 2020 AH zeolite gave longicamphene hydrate (6) and longiborneol (8) as the main products.The hydration of (2) with weter in the presence of HSZ-600 HOA zeolite and alkari ion [Al(OH)3 or Cu(OH)3] afforded predominantly longiverbenone (9).The hydration of (3) with Ni(OH)2 in the presence of several synthetic zeolites gave 3-iso-propyl-6, 10-dimethyl bicyclo [5.3.0] deca-6-en-5-one (12) with high selectivity.
A Study of Pay Satisfaction and Work-to-Family Conflict (2014)

The authors suggest that employees offset their work–family conflict (WFC) levels with their pay satisfaction levels, on the basis of exchange and justice theories. Data was randomly collected from public sector teachers working in 95 public sector primary and secondary schools located in Islamabad and Rawalpindi cities, Pakistan. Results indicate that satisfaction with pay has a negative relationship with WFC. An analysis of the dimensions of pay satisfaction indicate that satisfaction with pay level, benefits level and pay structure was negatively related to WFC, but pay raises were not. Age moderate the relationship between satisfaction with pay and WFC such that higher pay satisfaction decreases WFC more for younger employees than the older employees.
Phosphorylation of Src mutants at Tyr 527 in fibroblasts does not correlate with in vitro phosphorylation by CSK. (1993)

In normal fibroblasts, the product of the cellular src gene, p60c-src or Src, is repressed by phosphorylation at its C-terminal tyrosine residue, Tyr 527. Mutations in Src that prevent phosphorylation cause enzymatic activation and malignant transformation. The tyrosine kinases that phosphorylate Src at Tyr 527 in vivo have not been identified, but a tyrosine kinase known as CSK is an excellent candidate. CSK has the unusual ability to phosphorylate Src in vitro only at Tyr 527. To examine whether CSK has the appropriate sequence specificy to explain the phosphorylation of Src at Tyr 527 in fibroblasts, we have made use of a set of C-terminal substitution mutants of Src. These mutants were previously characterized for their levels of Tyr 527 phosphorylation when expressed in Rat2 fibroblasts. The ability of CSK to phosphorylate selected mutants has now been tested, using both in vitro phosphorylation assays and co-expression of CSK with the Src mutants in a heterologous organism, Saccharomyces cerevisiae. We also tested whether the mutant Src molecules could autophosphorylate at Try 527, by examining the phosphorylation state of catalytically active forms expressed in the absence of CSK in yeast cells. The results show that CSK has strict sequence specificity for the normal Src sequence, although it can also phosphorylate the Lck sequence. The other mutant Src molecules tested were not phophorylated by CSK, even though some of these mutants are highly phosphorylated at Tyr 527 in Rat 2 cells. All the mutants that are phosphorylated at Tyr 527 in Rat2 cells are also able to autophosphorylate at Tyr 527. The results suggest that CSK, autophosphorylation, and phosphorylation by kinases other than CSK, may all contribution to repressing Src catalytic activity in fibroblasts.
Transition-metal silicides lattice-matched to silicon (1985)

We have used a systematic search to determine all the possible transition-metal silicides that are geometrically lattice-matched to either the (100), (110), or the (111) face of silicon. A short table with the best possible matches is presented here, and a more comprehensive table including slightly worse matches is deposited with the editor.
A Microfluidic Platform for High-Throughput Multiplexed Protein Quantitation (2015)

We present a high-throughput microfluidic platform capable of quantitating up to 384 biomarkers in 4 distinct samples by immunoassay. The microfluidic device contains 384 unit cells, which can be individually programmed with pairs of capture and detection antibody. Samples are quantitated in each unit cell by four independent MITOMI detection areas, allowing four samples to be analyzed in parallel for a total of 1,536 assays per device. We show that the device can be pre-assembled and stored for weeks at elevated temperature and we performed proof-of-concept experiments simultaneously quantitating IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α, PSA, and GFP. Finally, we show that the platform can be used to identify functional antibody combinations by screening 64 antibody combinations requiring up to 384 unique assays per device.