gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Offshore Wind Farm Layout Optimization (OWFLO) Project: Preliminary Results (2006)

Optimizing the layout of an offshore wind farm presents a significa nt engineering challenge. Most of the optimization literature to date has focused on land -based wind farms, rather than on offshore farms. Typically, energy production is the metric by which a candidate layout is evaluated. The Offshore Wind Farm Layout Optimization (OWFLO) project instead uses the levelized production cost as the metric in order to account for the significant roles factors such as support structure cost and operation and maintenance (O&M) play in the design of an offshore wind farm. The objective of the project is to pinpoint the major economic hurdles present for offshore wind farm developers by creating an analysis tool that unites offshore turbine micrositing criteria with efficient optimization algorithms. This tool will then be use d to evaluate the effects of factors such as distance from shore and water depth on the economic feasibility of offshore wind energy. The project combines an energy production model —taking into account wake effects, electrical line losses, and turbine avai lability —with offshore wind farm component cost models. The components modeled include the rotor -nacelle assembly, support structure, electrical interconnection, as well as O&M, installation, and decommissioning costs. The models account for the key cost drivers, which include turbine size and rating, water depth, distance from shore, soil type, and wind and wave conditions. When integrated within an appropriate optimization routine, these component models work together to better reflect the real -world c onditions and constraints unique to individual offshore sites. The OWFLO project considers several optimization algorithms —including heuristic and genetic methods —to minimize the cost of energy while maximizing the energy production of the wind farm. Par ticular attention has been paid to the results of recent European studies, including the ENDOW and DOWEC projects. This paper summarizes the initial results from this project. A comparison of model results and data from the Middelgrunden offshore wind far m is presented. The overall energy and cost of energy estimations compare well with the real data, but further improvements to the models are planned. A summary of the on -going and future phases of the project is also presented.
Chemometric and Multivariate Statistical Analysis of Time-of-Flight Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry Spectra from Complex Cu–Fe Sulfides (2012)

Time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (TOF-SIMS) spectra of mineral samples are complex, comprised of large mass ranges and many peaks. Consequently, characterization and classification analysis of these systems is challenging. In this study, different chemometric and statistical data evaluation methods, based on monolayer sensitive TOF-SIMS data, have been tested for the characterization and classification of copper-iron sulfide minerals (chalcopyrite, chalcocite, bornite, and pyrite) at different flotation pulp conditions (feed, conditioned feed, and Eh modified). The complex mass spectral data sets were analyzed using the following chemometric and statistical techniques: principal component analysis (PCA); principal component-discriminant functional analysis (PC-DFA); soft independent modeling of class analogy (SIMCA); and k-Nearest Neighbor (k-NN) classification. PCA was found to be an important first step in multivariate analysis, providing insight into both the relative grouping of samples and the elemental/molecular basis for those groupings. For samples exposed to oxidative conditions (at Eh ~430 mV), each technique (PCA, PC-DFA, SIMCA, and k-NN) was found to produce excellent classification. For samples at reductive conditions (at Eh ~ -200 mV SHE), k-NN and SIMCA produced the most accurate classification. Phase identification of particles that contain the same elements but a different crystal structure in a mixed multimetal mineral system has been achieved.
Structured Saliency Fusion Based on Dempster–Shafer Theory (2015)

Visual saliency has been widely used in many applications. However, the performance of an individual saliency detection method varies with the different images. Integrating multiple methods together could compensate this shortcoming, and thus is expected to improve the performance of saliency detection. In this paper, we present an unsupervised Dempster–Shafer Theory (DST) based saliency fusion framework. DST simulates the similar reasoning logic with humans to make decision analysis, and has been proved a suitable method for data fusion. Inspired by this, our framework formalizes the saliency fusion as a statistics inference process, considering the results from several saliency methods to accomplish the fusion task. Furthermore, the proposed framework can flexibly incorporate a variety of inherent structured priors within the images (e.g., clusters and saliency voting) when leveraging the fusion rule of DST. Therefore, it is more close to the fusion mechanism. Experimental results on two benchmark datasets demonstrate the effectiveness and robustness of our framework.
Buckling of transesophageal echocardiography probe: a pitfall at insertion in an anesthetized patient. (1993)

Buckling of the transesophageal echocardiography probe was encountered in 6 of 23 patients (26.1%), although no complication occurred. When buckling occurred, acquisition of images and manipulation of the probe became difficult, resistance was felt when withdrawal of the probe was attempted, and the probe was fixed in the extreme ante- or dorsiflexion. In this situation, the probe was carefully advanced into the stomach, in which the buckled probe was unfolded, and then withdrawn to the esophagus. Buckling of the probe tip is not uncommon at insertion of the probe, especially when using a flaccid probe in an anesthetized patient. A TEE operator should be aware of the possibility of buckling. Unusual resistance associated with buldging of the submandibular region is a sign of a folded-up probe tip. Use of laryngoscopy is recommended in order to avoid inserting the buckled probe into the esophagus.
Development and Validation of a Virtual Examination Tool for Firearm Forensics, , (2017)

The transition from 2D imaging to 3D scanning in the discipline of firearms and toolmark analysis is likely to provide examiners an unprecedented view of microscopic surface topography. The digital examination of measured 3D surface topographies has been referred to as virtual microscopy (VM). The approach offers several potential advantages over traditional comparison microscopy. Like any new analytic method, VM must be validated prior to its use in a crime laboratory. This paper describes one of the first validation studies of virtual microscopy. Fifty-six participants at fifteen laboratories used virtual microscopic tools to complete two proficiency-style tests for cartridge case identification. All participating trained examiners correctly reported 100% of the identifications (known matches) while reporting no false positives. The VM tools also allowed examiners to annotate compared surfaces. These annotations provide insight into the types of marked utilized in comparative analysis. Overall, the results of the study demonstrate that trained examiners can successfully use virtual microscopy to conduct firearms toolmark examination and support the use of the technology in the crime laboratory.
ATXN2 antisense therapy improves SCA2 mouse motor and Purkinje cell electrophysiological phenotypes. (S17.001) (2017)

Testing of antisense oligonucleotide (ASO) therapy for lowering ATXN2 expression and modification of the motor and electrophysiological phenotypes of two SCA2 mouse models.
Supplementary Table 3 from Analyses of PD-L1 and Inflammatory Gene Expression Association with Efficacy of Nivolumab ± Ipilimumab in Gastric Cancer/Gastroesophageal Junction Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Gene expression levels by cohort&lt;/p&gt;
ChemInform Abstract: LITHIUM TUNGSTEN DIOXIDE PROMOTED CLAISEN‐TISHCHENKO CONDENSATION OF AROMATIC AND ALIPHATIC ALDEHYDES (1983)

Abstract Mit Lithiumwo lframdioxid kann die Claisen‐Tishchenko‐ Kondensation durchgeführt werden.
In vivo multiphoton imaging of immune cell dynamics (2016)

Multiphoton imaging has been utilized to analyze in vivo immune cell dynamics over the last 15 years. Particularly, it has deepened the understanding of how immune responses are organized by immune cell migration and interactions. In this review, we first describe the following technical advances in recent imaging studies that contributed to the new findings on the regulation of immune responses and inflammation. Improved multicolor imaging of immune cell behavior has revealed that their interactions are spatiotemporally coordinated to achieve efficient and long-term immunity. The use of photoactivatable and photoconvertible fluorescent proteins has increased duration and volume of cell tracking, even enabling the analysis of inter-organ migration of immune cells. In addition, visualization of immune cell activation using biosensors for intracellular calcium concentration and signaling molecule activities has started to give further mechanistic insights. Then, we also introduce recent imaging analyses of interactions between immune cells and non-immune cells including endothelial, fibroblastic, epithelial, and nerve cells. It is argued that future imaging studies that apply updated technical advances to analyze interactions between immune cells and non-immune cells will be important for thorough physiological understanding of the immune system.
ChemInform Abstract: REAKTIONEN AN ALUMINIUMOXIDEN 5. MITT. UMSETZUNGEN VON CYCLOHEXANON AN ALUMINIUMOXID (1974)

Abstract Cyclohexanon (I) wird an verschiedenen Aluminiumoxiden in die Verbindungen (II)‐(VII) übergeführt.
Rumbos de la lingüística. Lenguas amerindias; adquisición del lenguaje: relación lenguaje-cerebro; filología. Alejandro de la Mora Ochoa (coord.) (2012)

Rumbos de la linguistica es un libro editado en 2010 por la Biblioteca de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades de la Universidad Autonoma Metropolitana, campus
Azcapotzalco. Expone los trabajos presentados en la conferencia Rumbos de la linguistica, cuya organizacion estuvo a cargo de la Facultad de Filosofia y Letras
de la Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico y tuvo como objetivo mostrar a los estudiantes de licenciatura los ultimos avances en algunas de las ramas de la
investigacion linguistica.
Electrochemical Synthesis of Hindered Primary and Secondary Amines via Proton-Coupled Electron Transfer (2019)

Accessing hindered amines, particularly primary amines α to a fully substituted carbon center, is synthetically challenging. We report an electrochemical method to access such hindered amines starting from benchtop-stable iminium salts and cyanoheteroarenes. A wide variety of substituted heterocycles (pyridine, pyrimidine, pyrazine, purine, azaindole) can be utilized in the cross-coupling reaction, including those substituted with a halide, trifluoromethyl, ester, amide, or ether group, a heterocycle, or an unprotected alcohol or alkyne. Mechanistic insight based on DFT data, as well as cyclic voltammetry and NMR spectroscopy, suggests that a proton-coupled electron-transfer mechanism is operational as part of a hetero-biradical cross-coupling of α-amino radicals and radicals derived from cyanoheteroarenes.
Measurement of polydispersity of ultra‐narrow polymer fractions by thermal field‐flow fractionation (1987)

Abstract In this paper we demonstrate that the polydispersity µ = M̄ w / M̄ N of narrow polymer fractions can be readily obtained by measuring band broadening and its velocity dependence in a thermal field–flow fractionation (thermal FFF) system. The thermal FFF method is shown to be more accurate than size exclusion chromatography for the determination of polymer polydispersities due to the simpler band dispersion function and the higher selectivity inherent to the technique. The polydispersities of a series of four narrow polystyrene samples prepared by anionic polymerization were consequently determined by thermal FFF and found to be much smaller (1.003–1.006) than the ceiling values (1.06) suggested by the suppliers. As part of this investigation, an experimental study of band dispersion in thermal FFF is used to examine current theory. The data show nonequilibrium to be the dominant factor, whereas relaxation effects are insignificant at lower flow rates and can be subdued at higher flow rates. A high correlation between nonequilibrium theory and experiment allows for the estimation of diffusion coefficients from plate height–velocity data.
Voltage-gated Na+ currents in human dorsal root ganglion neurons (2017)

Available evidence indicates voltage-gated Na<sup>+</sup> channels (VGSCs) in peripheral sensory neurons are essential for the pain and hypersensitivity associated with tissue injury. However, our understanding of the biophysical and pharmacological properties of the channels in sensory neurons is largely based on the study of heterologous systems or rodent tissue, despite evidence that both expression systems and species differences influence these properties. Therefore, we sought to determine the extent to which the biophysical and pharmacological properties of VGSCs were comparable in rat and human sensory neurons. Whole cell patch clamp techniques were used to study Na<sup>+</sup> currents in acutely dissociated neurons from human and rat. Our results indicate that while the two major current types, generally referred to as tetrodotoxin (TTX)-sensitive and TTX-resistant were qualitatively similar in neurons from rats and humans, there were several differences that have important implications for drug development as well as our understanding of pain mechanisms.
Generalized Langevin equation for an oscillator (1986)

A central oscillator coupled to a bath of harmonic oscillators with a two-dimensional Debye spectrum is set up as a model for the dynamics of strongly coupled linear systems. The bath oscillators are eliminated from the central oscillator's equation of motion, other than for initial conditions. The resulting Langevin equation is solved analytically for two different initial conditions for the bath. In one case, the bath oscillators are started at finite temperature and the coupling is turned on suddenly, and in the other they are adiabatically heated with constant coupling. The problem of equipartitioning of the kinetic energy, the velocity autocorrelation function of the central oscillator, and its spectral distribution are examined for various values of the physical parameters. The analytical results of the sudden case are compared with molecular-dynamics calculations and excellent agreement is found.
The Use of a Simulation Model to Optimize Reservoir Management in a Very Mature 24Z Reservoir, Elk Hills, California (2001)

Abstract The 24Z Reservoir is a very mature field located on the western nose of the 29R anticline in the Elk Hills Field (Figs. 1,2 and 3). It has already produced almost 50% of its OOIP therefore, any additional development potential appears very limited. A comprehensive reservoir study was begun in late 1999 with a new geological and petrophysical interpretation to generate an improved reservoir description. As part of this reservoir study, a simulation model was also prepared. The purpose of this model was to better understand and improve the performance of this reservoir; to assist in evaluating any additional development potential and to compare alternative operating policies in formulating an optimized depletion strategy. The results of this simulation model indicate that there is enough potential to justify additional infill development wells. The reactivation of some shut-in down-dip wells and a blowdown of the gas cap were also evaluated.
"Smart" multivalent fluorescent nanoparticles for cell imaging and drug delivery (2006)

We have synthesized geldanamycin (GA)-polyacrylate coated CdSe/ZnS nanocrystal (NC) conjugates with well-controlled NC/polymer/GA ratios and studied their uptake by HCT116 colon cancer cells. NC-GA conjugates were readily transported into living HCT116 cells with a strong correlation to the GA/NC ratio, while other examined NCs were not, indicating the crucial role of the geldanamycin in the uptake event. This is the first example of dose-responsive drug-mediated uptake of NCs by living cells.
Highly convenient electrolysis procedure for the preparation of .alpha.-halogenated ketones and acetals from enol acetates, enol ethers, and silyl enol ethers (1980)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTHighly convenient electrolysis procedure for the preparation of .alpha.-halogenated ketones and acetals from enol acetates, enol ethers, and silyl enol ethersSigeru Torii, Tsutomu Inokuchi, Seiji Mishima, and Takesi KobayashiCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1980, 45, 13, 2731–2735Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1980Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1980https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01301a044https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01301a044research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views428Altmetric-Citations27LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Recinto ferial de Alicante: 1991-1995, en colaboración con Miguel Marín, arquitecto (1997)

In a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind study, we tested a 4-week program in normobaric hypoxia that is commercially offered for the prevention of acute mountain sickness (AMS). Twenty-two male and 18 female healthy subjects [mean age 33 +/- 7 (SD) years] exercised 70 min, 3 x /week for 3 weeks on a bicycle ergometer at workloads of 60% VO2max either in normoxia (normoxia group, NG) or in normobaric hypoxia (hypoxia group, HG), corresponding to altitudes of 2500, 3000, and 3500 m during weeks 1, 2, and 3, respectively. Four passive exposures of 90 min in normoxia (NG) or hypoxia corresponding to 4500 m (HG) followed in week 4. Five days after the last session, subjects ascended within 24 h from sea level to 4559 m (one overnight stay at 3611 m) and stayed there for 24 h. AMS was defined as LL (Lake Louise score) > or =5 and AMS-C > or =0.70. The AMS incidence (70% in NG vs. 60% in HG, p = 0.74), LL scores (7.1 +/- 4.3 vs. 5.9 +/- 3.4, p = 0.34), and AMS-C scores (1.50 +/- 1.22 vs. 0.93 +/- 0.81, p = 0.25) at the study endpoint were not significantly different between the groups. However, the incidence of AMS at 3611 m (6% vs. 47%, p = 0.01) and the functional LL score at 4559 m were lower in HG. SpO2 at 3611 m, heart rate during ascents, and arterial blood gases at 4559 m were not different between groups. We conclude that the tested program does not reduce the incidence of AMS within a rapid ascent to 4559 m, but our data show that it prevents AMS at lower altitudes. Whether such a program would prevent AMS at higher altitudes, but with slower ascent, remains to be tested.
MOUSE BLADDER CARCINOGENICITY OF CERTAIN TRYPTOPHAN METABOLITES AND OTHER AROMATIC NITROGEN COMPOUNDS SUSPENDED IN CHOLESTEROL. (1964)

Summary The carcinogenicity of seven metabolites of the essential amino acid tryptophan and nine other nitrogen-containing aromatic compounds was studied by the individual suspension of these chemicals in cholesterol pellets and the surgical implantation of the pellets into the bladders of mice. Pellets consisting of the 8-methyl ether of xanthurenic acid, xanthurenic acid, 8-hydroxyquinaldic acid, 3-hydroxy-l-kynurenine, and 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid—all metabolites of tryptophan—and N-hydroxy-2-acetylaminofluorene, N-acetyl-2-naphthylhydroxylamine, and 2-naphthylhydroxylamine suspended in this medium induced a statistically greater number of bladder carcinomas than did cholesterol pellets alone. Pellets of 4,8-quinolinediol, kynurenic acid, 8-hydroxyquinoline-N-oxide, 2,8-quinolinediol, 2,6-quinolinediol, 2-naphthylacetamide, 2-nitronaphthalene, and 2-amino-1-naphthol hydrochloride mixed with cholesterol were not significantly more active than were the pellets of cholesterol. The significance of the data is discussed and related to the abnormalities of tryptophan metabolism observed in some patients with urinary bladder cancer.
Cloning and Characterization of a Member of theXanthomonas avr/pthGene Family That Evades All Commercially Utilized CottonRGenes in the United States (1997)

ABSTRACT The highly virulent African strains of Xanthomonas campestris pv. malvacearum are quarantined pathogens in the United States and can evade or overcome all commercially utilized resistance (R) genes in cotton grown in the United States including the entire set of host differential lines used to distinguish 19 races of the pathogen. Nevertheless, the African strains carry multiple DNA fragments that strongly hybridize with members of the Xanthomonas avirulence (avr)/pathogenicity (pth) gene family. Since all previously tested members of the gene family confer avirulence against one or more R genes in cotton, strains carrying multiple members might not be expected to evade so many different R genes. The hybridizing DNA fragments were cloned from African strain XcmN and found to confer water-soaking ability to a nearly asymptomatic mutant strain of the pathogen. Restriction mapping, Southern hybridization, and DNA sequencing of the cloned fragments from XcmN were used to identify two water-soaking genes, pthN and pthN2, as new members of the Xanthomonas avr/pth gene family. The complete DNA sequence of pthN was obtained, and it is >94% identical with all other sequenced members of the gene family. Gene fusions of pthN with avrb6 (another family member) and other experiments revealed that the ability of African strain XcmN to water-soak cotton and avoid recognition by commercially used cotton R genes is determined by the specific repeats of multiple functional members of the Xanthomonas avr/pth gene family.