gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Maximal Inhibition of Intestinal First-Pass Metabolism as a Pragmatic Indicator of Intestinal Contribution to the Drug-Drug Interactions for CYP3A4 Cleared Drugs (2007)

For certain CYP3A4 substrates intestinal first-pass metabolism makes a substantial contribution to low oral bioavailability and extent of drug-drug interactions (DDI). In order to include the contribution of enzyme inhibition in the gut wall in the assessment of DDI potential, the ratio of the intestinal wall availability in the presence and absence of an inhibitor (F(G)(') and F(G), respectively) has been incorporated into a prediction equation based on hepatic enzyme interactions. This approach has been applied for both reversible and irreversible DDIs, involving 36 different inhibitors and 11 CYP3A4 substrates. The aim was to investigate the use of maximal (complete) inhibition of intestinal CYP3A4 (F(G)(')=1) as a pragmatic measure of the intestinal enzyme interaction and to compare this approach with observed in vivo values (where available) and predicted F(G) ratios from an intestinal model. The latter was obtained from the decrease in the intestinal intrinsic clearance in the presence of an inhibitor, using an estimated inhibitor concentration in the intestinal wall during absorption phase (I(G)) and an in vitro obtained K(i). In addition, the impact of variability in the enterocytic blood flow on the estimated I(G) and subsequently the model predicted F(G) ratio was investigated. The maximal F(G) ratios for the 11 CYP3A4 substrates investigated ranged from 1.06-7.14 for alprazolam and tacrolimus, respectively. In 91% of the studies investigated the model predicted F(G) ratio was within 40% of the maximal value. Maximal F(G) ratio is proposed as an initial indicator of the magnitude of intestinal enzyme interaction; the implications for drug elimination involving substrates cleared either by metabolism or by a combination of metabolism and efflux transporters are discussed.
Faculty Opinions recommendation of DEL-1 promotes macrophage efferocytosis and clearance of inflammation. (2019)

wrote the manuscript, X.L. designed and performed experiments, analyzed and interpreted data, I.M. designed and performed experiments, analyzed and interpreted data, D.G. generated reagents and performed experiments, T.K
Magnetic Resonance–Compatible Robotic and Mechatronics Systems for Image-Guided Interventions and Rehabilitation: A Review Study (2007)

The continuous technological progress of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), as well as its widespread clinical use as a highly sensitive tool in diagnostics and advanced brain research, has brought a high demand for the development of magnetic resonance (MR)-compatible robotic/mechatronic systems. Revolutionary robots guided by real-time three-dimensional (3-D)-MRI allow reliable and precise minimally invasive interventions with relatively short recovery times. Dedicated robotic interfaces used in conjunction with fMRI allow neuroscientists to investigate the brain mechanisms of manipulation and motor learning, as well as to improve rehabilitation therapies. This paper gives an overview of the motivation, advantages, technical challenges, and existing prototypes for MR-compatible robotic/mechatronic devices.
Conformational dynamics of polyarylbenzenes. Buttressing effects (1979)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTConformational dynamics of polyarylbenzenes. Buttressing effectsAlan Patton, Jennie Wang Dirks, and Devens GustCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1979, 44, 26, 4749–4752Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1979Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1979https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00394a001https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00394a001research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views177Altmetric-Citations22LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Conventional and alternative insecticides, including a granular formulation ofBacillus thuringiensisvar.kurstakifor the control ofBusseola fusca(Fuller) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in Kenya (1992)

Abstract The microbial insecticide, Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner var. kurstaki (Dipel 10G), was effective against larvae of the maize stalk borer, Busseola fusca (Fuller), in two separate trials in Kitale, Kenya during the 1987 growing season. In the first trial, B. thuringiensis applied at different times, was compared against DDT (5% dust), endosulfan (Thiodan 3G), trichlorphon (Dipterex 2.5G), ash, diatomaceous earth, and an untreated control. The level of suppression provided by the later B. thuringiensis treatments was equivalent to DDT and trichlorphon but inferior to endosulfan. Ash and diatomaceous earth treatments proved ineffective. In the second trial, destructive sampling of B. thuringiensis‐treated plots and untreated control plots was used to assess B. thuringiensis's Impact on the nature and degree of stalk borer infestation. Four developmental categories were assigned to larvae of various head capsule widths and pupae comprised a fifth category. Significantly (P < 0.05) fewer individuals of all but the first developmental category were found in the plants treated with B. thuringiensis. Results suggest that B. thuringiensis may have residual activity against B. fusca larvae for at least 3½ weeks after application when applied directly in whorls. Keywords: Busseola fuscaBacillus thuringiensis var. kurstakipesticidesKenyamicrobial control
Optimized reconfigurable cell array architecture for high-performance field programmable gate arrays (2002)

The authors describe the optimized reconfigurable cell array (ORCA) field programmable gate array (FPGA) architecture, which incorporates support for large datapath circuits on a nibble wide basis, without diminishing the support for random logic control applications. This is accomplished by providing a programmable function unit which is equally adapted to both environments. The routing structure is similarly designed to allow nibbles of data to be moved around the chip efficiently, while not penalizing the individual connections that characterize typical control logic. The ORCA FPGA and its associated computer-aided design (CAD) system provide users with the opportunity of implementing datapath circuits as well as control circuits easily and efficiently.
A laser-plasma clean soft x-ray source for projection microlithography (2008)

Within a National Project on nanotechnologies, at the ENEA Research Centre in Frascati a micro-exposure tool for projection lithography at 14.4 nm has been developed. The laser-plasma soft X-ray source is equipped with a patented debris mitigation system developed in the frame of a European Integrated Project, in order to preserve the collecting optics. A 90-nm-resolution patterning has been achieved on resist by this laboratory-scale tool based on a Schwarzschildtype projection optics.
Optimization of laser stabilization via self-injection locking to a whispering-gallery-mode microresonator: experimental study (2022)

Self-injection locking of a diode laser to a high-quality-factor microresonator is widely used for frequency stabilization and linewidth narrowing. We constructed several microresonator-based laser sources with measured instantaneous linewidths of 1 Hz and used them for investigation and implementation of the self-injection locking effect. We studied analytically and experimentally the dependence of the stabilization coefficient on tunable parameters such as locking phase and coupling rate. It was shown that precise control of the locking phase allows fine-tuning of the generated frequency from the stabilized laser diode. We also showed that it is possible for such laser sources to realize fast continuous and linear frequency modulation by injection current tuning inside the self-injection locking regime. We conceptually demonstrate coherent frequency-modulated continuous wave LIDAR over a distance of 10 km using such a microresonator-stabilized laser diode in the frequency-chirping regime and measure velocities as low as sub-micrometer per second in the unmodulated case. These results could be of interest to cutting-edge technology applications such as space debris monitoring and long-range object classification, high-resolution spectroscopy, and others.
Non-negative Spectral Learning for Linear Sequential Systems (2015)

Abstract. Method of moments (MoM) has recently become an appealing al-ternative to standard iterative approaches like Expectation Maximization (EM) to learn latent variable models. In addition, MoM-based algorithms come with global convergence guarantees in the form of finite sample bounds. However, given enough computation time, by using restarts and heuristics to avoid local optima, iterative approaches often achieve better performance. We believe that this performance gap is in part due to the fact that MoM-based algorithms can output negative probabilities. By constraining the search space, we propose a non-negative spectral algorithm (NNSpectral) avoiding computing negative prob-abilities by design. NNSpectral is compared to other MoM-based algorithms and EM on synthetic problems of the PAutomaC challenge. Not only, NNSpectral outperforms other MoM-based algorithms, but also, achieves very competitive results in comparison to EM. 1
Change in hydroxyapatite coating crystallinity after culture with osteoblasts (2002)

Enhanced bone attachment to orthopaedic implants is obtained with the use of bioactive hydroxyapatite (HA) coatings. Osteoblast cells attached to both low and high crystalline HA coatings, and did not significantly change the morphology of the surfaces. Significant changes in coating chemistry took place in both low and high crystalline coatings as evidenced by the changes in the X-ray spectra of the two materials. This in vitro study had different influences on the two coating types: the low crystalline HA coating lost amorphous material and increased in crystallinity over the 14 days, while the high crystalline HA coating had a decreasing crystallinity over the same time period. The crystallographic changes taking place in the HA coatings between 7 and 14 days need to be further investigated.
ChemInform Abstract: Reaction‐Bonded Niobium Carbide on Graphite via a Novel Solution Impregnation Process. (1991)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Long-lasting CD8 T cell memory in the absence of CD4 T cells or B cells. (1996)

The cellular basis of immunological memory has been a debated issue. It is not clear whether CD8 T cell memory is maintained by long-lived cells or by specific or nonspecific restimulation. Here, we have approached the question from a different angle, asking whether the cellular interactions that are required to maintain memory are the same as those necessary to activate cytotoxic T lymphocytes. We studied the CD8 memory response to the male antigen H-Y in mice deficient in CD4 cells, or B cells and found that memory in these mice was virtually unimpaired. These results suggest that CD8 memory is CD4 independent and that there is no requirement for long term retention of immune complexes on follicular dendritic cells, nor for B cells as antigen-presenting cells.
Macula densa cells detect altered tissue metabolism via succinate and GPR91 (2008)

Cells of the macula densa (MD) can sense changes in tubular fluid composition and regulate glomerular filtration rate and renin release from the juxtaglomerular apparatus (JGA). MD control of renin release and renin‐angiotensin system (RAS) activation involve MD p38, ERK1/2, COX‐2, synthesis and release of PGE2 acting on JG cells. Diabetes mellitus (DM) is characterized by MD p38 and RAS activation. We hypothesized that MD cells sense a tubular metabolic factor in DM which directly triggers renin release. Using RT‐PCR and immunohistochemistry (IHC), GPR91, a novel metabolic receptor activated by the Krebs‐cycle intermediate succinate, was detected in the mouse MD cell line MMDD1and at the apical plasma membrane of MD cells. Succinate caused a rapid activation of p38and ERK1/2 in MMDD1 cells within 7.5 min detected by immunoblot, which was abolished by GPR91 siRNA. Renal cortical pp38 and renin content increased 2‐fold in STZ‐DM GPR91+/+, but not in GPR91−/− mice. IHC also confirmed the abundance of COX‐2 in the MD in STZ‐DM which was absent in GPR91−/− mice. Confocal microscopy utilizing a PGE2 biosensor technique detected succinate‐induced PGE2 release from MMDD1 cells. In summary, the metabolic receptor GPR91 is expressed in the MD apical membrane and activates p38 and ERK1/2. MD GPR91 activation, most likely through succinate accumulation in the tubular fluid is involved in renin signaling and RAS activation in early DM.
University of Minnesota, Twin Cities Final Scientific/Technical Report Small Scale Ammonia Synthesis Using Stranded Wind Energy (2021)

Ammonia absorber columns offer an alternative separation unit to replace condensation in the Haber-Bosch synthesis loop. Metal halide salts can selectively separate ammonia from the reactor outlet gas mixture and incorporate it into their crystal lattice with remarkably high thermodynamic capacity. While the salts’ working capacity can be limited and unstable when they are in their pure form, the capacity is stable and can be high when using a porous ceramic support. In this project, we found optimal conditions for sorbent fabrication, we demonstrated benchmark levels of uptake and release of ammonia, and we fabricated and demonstrated a prototype at a scale of 1 kg/day ammonia. This task allowed us to assess improvement in the techno-economic prospects for this new separation approach, making viable more distributed production of green ammonia from geographically dispersed renewable energy sources.
A microfabricated wedge-shaped adhesive array displaying gecko-like dynamic adhesion, directionality and long lifetime (2009)

Gecko adhesion has become a paradigmatic example of bio-inspired engineering, yet among the many gecko-like synthetic adhesives (GSAs), truly gecko-like performance remains elusive. Many GSAs have previously demonstrated one or two features of the gecko adhesive. We present a new wedge-shaped GSA that exhibits several gecko-like properties simultaneously: directional features; zero force at detachment; high ratio of detachment force to preload force; non-adhesive default state; and the ability to maintain performance while sliding, even after thousands of cycles. Individual wedges independently detach and reattach during sliding, resulting in high levels of shear and normal adhesion during drag. This behaviour provides a non-catastrophic failure mechanism that is desirable for applications such as climbing robots where sudden contact failure would result in serious falls. The effects of scaling patch sizes up to tens of square centimetres are also presented and discussed. Patches of 1 cm(2) had an adhesive pressure of 5.1 kPa while simultaneously supporting 17.0 kPa of shear. After 30 000 attachment/detachment cycles, a patch retained 67 per cent of its initial adhesion and 76 per cent of its initial shear without cleaning. Square-based wedges of 20 mum and 50 mum are manufactured in a moulding process where moulds are fabricated using a dual-side, dual-angle lithography process on quartz wafers with SU-8 photoresist as the mould material and polydimethylsiloxane as the cast material.
Mossbauer spectroscopy studies in supersaturated Fe/sub x/Co/sub 50-x/Cu/sub 50/ solid solutions (1997)

Local structural change in mechanically alloyed Fe/sub x/Co/sub 50-x/Cu/sub 50/ (x=10, 20, 30, 40 and 50) powders has been investigated by Mossbauer spectroscopy and X-ray diffractometry at room temperature. Mossbauer spectra from mechanically alloyed Fe/sub x/Co/sub 50-x/Cu/sub 50/ samples consist of three different subspectra: a sextet, a broad sextet and a doublet corresponding to an /spl alpha/-Fe phase, to a disordered ferromagnetic phase of fcc solid solution, and to a non-ferromagnetic phase, respectively. With increasing processing time, the disordered ferromagnetic phase becomes dominant, indicating a formation of fcc solid solution during mechanical alloying. With increasing Co content, the hyperfine field of the disordered magnetic phase increases from about 20 to 25 T.
RIoT - A Foundation for Trust in the Internet of Things (2016)

1 Abstract RIoT (Robust Internet-of-Things) is an architecture for providing foundational trust services to computing devices. The trust services include device identity, sealing, attestation, and data integrity. The term “Robust” is used because the minimal trusted computing base is tiny, and because RIoT capabilities can remotely re-establish trust in devices that have been compromised by malware. The term IoT is used because these services can be provided at low cost on even the tiniest of devices.
Optical Performance of Carbon-Nanotube Electron Sources (2005)

The figure of merit for the electron optical performance of carbon-nanotube (CNT) electron sources is presented. This figure is given by the relation between the reduced brightness and the energy spread in the region of stable emission. It is shown experimentally that a CNT electron source exhibits a highly stable emission process that follows the Fowler-Nordheim theory for field emission, fixing the relationship among the energy spread, the current, and the radius. The performance of the CNT emitter under realistic operating conditions is compared with state-of-the-art electron point sources. It is demonstrated that the reduced brightness is a function of the tunneling parameter, a measure of the energy spread at low temperatures, only, independent of the geometry of the emitter.
Isomeric Furanosesquiterpenes from the Portuguese Marine Sponge Fasciospongia sp. (2008)

This paper reports the chemical study of a sample of Fasciospongia sp. collected along the Atlantic Portuguese coast. Three new isomeric furanosesquiterpenes, isomicrocionin-3 (1), (−)-microcionin-1 (2), and (−)-isomicrocionin-1 (3), were isolated along with the known (−)-ent-pallescensin A (4) and (−)-pallescensin-1 (5) from the ethyl acetate-soluble portion of the methanolic extract. The structures of the new compounds were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic studies. (−)-Microcionin-1 (2) tested positive against several Gram-negative bacteria.
Data from Inhibiting the Hypoxia Response for Cancer Therapy: The New Kid on the Block (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;The hypoxia-inducible transcription factor (HIF)-1α inhibitor KC7F2 described in this issue of &lt;i&gt;Clinical Cancer Research&lt;/i&gt; is the newest addition to an emerging class of antitumor agents targeting the hypoxia response. Here, we discuss the proposed mechanism of action of KC7F2 and its potential strengths and limitations in comparison with other promising HIF-1α inhibitors. (Clin Cancer Res 2009;15(19):5945–6)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Why neurons die: Cell death in the nervous system (1998)

It is likely that humans are born with all of the nerve cells (neurons) that will serve them throughout life. For all practical purposes, when our neurons die, they are lost forever. During nervous system development, about one-and-a-half times the adult number of neurons are created. These "extra" neurons are then destroyed or commit suicide. This process of programmed cell death occurs through a series of events termed apoptosis and is an appropriate and essential event during brain development. Later in life, inappropriate neuronal cell death may result from pathological causes such as traumatic injury, environmental toxins, cardiovascular disorders, infectious agents, or genetic diseases. In some cases, the death occurs through apoptosis. In other cases, cell death is random, irreversible, and uncontrollable; to distinguish it from the controlled, planned cell death of apoptosis, we call this necrotic cell death. Understanding the difference between apoptotic and necrotic cell death is essential for designing therapies which will prevent or limit inappropriate cell death in the nervous system.
Syntax-oriented evaluation measures for machine translation output (2009)

We explored novel automatic evaluation measures for machine translation output oriented to the syntactic structure of the sentence: the Bleu score on the detailed Part-of-Speech (pos) tags as well as the precision, recall and F-measure obtained on pos n-grams. We also introduced F-measure based on both word and pos n-grams. Correlations between the new metrics and human judgments were calculated on the data of the first, second and third shared task of the Statistical Machine Translation Workshop. Machine translation outputs in four different European languages were taken into account: English, Spanish, French and German. The results show that the new measures correlate very well with the human judgements and that they are competitive with the widely used BLEU, METEOR and TER metrics.
Feasibility study of seasonal solar thermal energy storage in domestic dwellings in the UK (2018)

Seasonal solar thermal energy storage (SSTES) has been investigated widely to solve the mismatch between majority solar thermal energy in summer and majority heating demand in winter. To study the feasibility of SSTES in domestic dwellings in the UK, eight representative cities including Edinburgh, Newcastle, Belfast, Manchester, Birmingham, Cardiff, London and Plymouth have been selected in the present paper to study and compare the useful solar heat available on dwelling roofs and the heating demand of the dwellings. The heating demands of space and hot water in domestic dwellings with a range of overall heat loss coefficients (50 W/K, 150 W/K and 250 W/K) in different cities were calculated; then the useful heat obtained by the heat transfer fluid (HTF) flowing through tilted flat-plate solar collectors installed on the dwelling roof was calculated with varied HTF inlet temperature (30 °C, 40 °C and 50 °C). By comparing the available useful heat and heating demands, the critical solar collector area and storage capacity to meet 100% solar fraction have been obtained and discussed; the corresponding critical storage volume sizes using different storage technologies, including sensible heat water storage, latent heat storage and various thermochemical sorption cycles using different storage materials were estimated.