gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Skip graphs (2003)

Skip graphs are a novel distributed data structure, based on skip lists, that provide the full functionality of a balanced tree in a distributed system where elements are stored in separate nodes that may fail at any time. They are designed for use in searching peer-to-peer networks, and by providing the ability to perform queries based on key ordering, they improve on existing search tools that provide only hash table functionality. Unlike skip lists or other tree data structures, skip graphs are highly resilient, tolerating a large fraction of failed nodes without losing connectivity. In addition, constructing, inserting new elements into, searching a skip graph and detecting and repairing errors in the data structure introduced by node failures can be done using simple and straight-forward algorithms.
Improving the Robustness of Ring Oscillator TRNGs (2010)

A ring oscillator-based true-random number generator design (Rings design) was introduced in Sunar et al. [2007]. The design was rigorously analyzed under a simple mathematical model and its performance characteristics were established. In this article we focus on the practical aspects of the Rings design on a reconfigurable logic platform and determine their implications on the earlier analysis framework. We make recommendations for avoiding pitfalls in real-life implementations by considering ring interaction, transistor-level effects, narrow signal rejection, transmission line attenuation, and sampler bias. Furthermore, we present experimental results showing that changing operating conditions such as the power supply voltage or the operating temperature may affect the output quality when the signal is subsampled. Hence, an attacker may shift the operating point via a simple noninvasive influence and easily bias the TRNG output. Finally, we propose modifications to the design which significantly improve its robustness against attacks, alleviate implementation-related problems, and simultaneously improve its area, throughput, and power performance.
Mathematical model and characteristics of parametric transformers (1982)

The paper introduces the operational characteristics and inherent protection properties of the parametric transformer. The concept of parametric transformation is generalised through the use of parametric coupling functions, derived from the physical arrangement of the magnetic circuit of the transformer, enabling a mathematical model to be developed for devices using any form of saturable reactor. The theory is based on the parametric coupling which results from flux interaction in a magnetically nonlinear region, and is shown to lead to equations which are used to explain the characteristics provided by an experimental unit.
An unmanned aerial vehicle optimal selection methodology for object tracking (2018)

In this article, an optimal method of unmanned aerial vehicle selection for following a moving ground target is presented. The most suitable unmanned aerial vehicle from an aircraft operating fleet is selected for tracking task. The aircraft choice is done taking regarding the unmanned aerial vehicle distribution in the mission zone, individual performance of fleet platforms, and maneuverability of a ground platform. The unmanned aerial vehicle fleet members’ flying qualities are various, so an optimization process is used to assign an aircraft to follow the ground target. A target trajectory prediction is embedded in tracking algorithm. The simulation results demonstrated the effectiveness of algorithms developed, and in-flight demonstration proved the possibility of realization of computed trajectories by the unmanned aerial vehicle.
A Virtual Reality-Cycling Training System for Lower Limb Balance Improvement (2016)

Stroke survivors might lose their walking and balancing abilities, but many studies pointed out that cycling is an effective means for lower limb rehabilitation. However, during cycle training, the unaffected limb tends to compensate for the affected one, which resulted in suboptimal rehabilitation. To address this issue, we present a Virtual Reality-Cycling Training System (VRCTS), which senses the cycling force and speed in real-time, analyzes the acquired data to produce feedback to patients with a controllable VR car in a VR rehabilitation program, and thus specifically trains the affected side. The aim of the study was to verify the functionality of the VRCTS and to verify the results from the ten stroke patients participants and to compare the result of Asymmetry Ratio Index (ARI) between the experimental group and the control group, after their training, by using the bilateral pedal force and force plate to determine any training effect. The results showed that after the VRCTS training in bilateral pedal force it had improved by 0.22 (p = 0.046) and in force plate the stand balance has also improved by 0.29 (p = 0.031); thus both methods show the significant difference.
Increased expression of GLUT-4 and hexokinase in rat epitrochlearis muscles exposed to AICAR in vitro (2000)

Exercise acutely stimulates muscle glucose transport and also brings about an adaptive increase in the capacity of muscle for glucose uptake by inducing increases in GLUT-4 and hexokinase.(1) Recent studies have provided evidence that activation of AMP protein kinase (AMPK) is involved in the stimulation of glucose transport by exercise. The purpose of this study was to determine whether activation of AMPK is also involved in mediating the adaptive increases in GLUT-4 and hexokinase. To this end, we examined the effect of incubating rat epitrochlearis muscles in culture medium for 18 h in the presence or absence of 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleoside (AICAR), which enters cells and is converted to the AMP analog ZMP, thus activating AMPK. Exposure of muscles to 0.5 mM AICAR in vitro for 18 h resulted in an approximately 50% increase in GLUT-4 protein and an approximately 80% increase in hexokinase. This finding provides strong evidence in support of the hypothesis that the activation of AMPK that occurs in muscle during exercise is involved in mediating the adaptive increases in GLUT-4 and hexokinase.
Polymeric Toughening of Particle Filled Cyanate Ester Composites (2005)

Abstract Summary: The present study examines the effect of polymeric tougheners on the performance of silica filled cyanate ester composites. The polymeric tougheners used have been shown to enhance cyanate ester tougheners in binary toughener/matrix systems. Tougheners that were able to form a favourable phase‐separated morphology resulted in the greatest increase in crack resistance. The addition of these tougheners resulted in minimal loss of strength, and a slight decrease in modulus. Importantly the viscosity of the compounded systems was low enough for them to be readily processable. Whilst conserving most secondary properties, toughener addition did result in a slight increase in composite hydrolytic degradation. This issue was linked to the additive/ additive compounding processes. Removal of this extra moisture should eliminate this concern, permitting the used of these composites in electronic applications. Effect of ETBN content on the crack resistance of particle filled cyanate ester composites and SEM image of 15 matrix wt.‐% ETBN. magnified image Effect of ETBN content on the crack resistance of particle filled cyanate ester composites and SEM image of 15 matrix wt.‐% ETBN.
Development of a novel molecular probe for the detection of liver mitochondrial redox metabolism (2020)

Redox status influences the course of the inflammatory, metabolic, and proliferative liver diseases. Oxidative stress is thought to play a crucial and sustained role in the pathological progression of early steatosis to severe hepatitis, fibrosis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. Oxidative stress induced by reactive oxygen species which are generated in the mitochondria can lead to chronic organelle damage in hepatocytes. Currently, the diagnosis of liver disease requires liver biopsy, which is invasive and associated with complications. The present report describes the development of a novel molecular probe, EDA-PROXYL, with higher reactivity and mitochondrial selectivity than standard carboxyl-PROXYL and carbamoyl-PROXYL probes. The membrane permeability of our probe improved in aqueous environments which led to increased accumulation in the liver and interaction of EDA-PROXYL with the carnitine transporter via the amine (NH<sub>3</sub><sup>+</sup>) group further increased accumulation. This increased mitochondrial sensitivity and enhanced accumulation highlight the potential of EDA-PROXYL as a molecular probe for determining metabolic reactions of the mitochondria. Thus, this novel probe could be a tool for the evaluation of redox status of the mitochondria to assess the degree of liver injury and, ultimately, the response to pharmacological therapy.
Digital Decoding and Encoding of the NTSC Signal at 912 Samples per Line (1981)

In order to investigate the technical feasibility of a digital composite/component interface using a line-locked sampling frequency, a set consisting of an experimental NTSC digital decoder with a nonadaptive two-dimensional comb filter and an encoder operating at a data rate of 912 samples per line was realized as a part of the component-coded digital VTR system which was demonstrated at the First SMPTE Demonstration of Component-Coded Digital Video. Some technical aspects and experimental results are given. Other technical aspects are still under investigation.
Peptide immunogen mimicry of putative E1 glycoprotein-specific epitopes in hepatitis C virus (1994)

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) accounts for most cases of acute and chronic non-A and non-B hepatitis with serious consequences that may lead to hepatocellular carcinoma. The putative envelope glycoproteins (E1 and E2) of HCV probably play a role in the pathophysiology of the virus. In order to map the immunodominant domains of the E1 glycoprotein, two epitopes from amino acid residues 210 to 223 (P1) and 315 to 327 (P2) were predicted from the HCV sequence. Immunization of mice with the synthetic peptides conjugated to bovine serum albumin induced an antibody response, and the antisera immunoprecipitated the E1 glycoprotein (approximately 33 kDa) of HCV expressed by recombinant vaccinia virus. A panel of HCV-infected human sera was also tested with the synthetic peptides by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for epitope-specific responses. Of 38 infected serum samples, 35 (92.1%) demonstrated a spectrum of reactivity to the P2 peptide. On the other hand, only 17 of 38 (44.7%) serum samples were reactive to the P1 peptide. Strains of HCV exhibit a striking genomic diversity. The predicted P1 epitope showed localization in the sequence-variable region, and the P2 epitope localized in a highly conserved domain. Results from this study suggest that the E1 glycoprotein of HCV contains at least two potential antigenic epitopes. Synthetic peptides corresponding to these epitopes and antisera to these peptides may serve as the monospecific immunological reagents to further determine the role of E1 glycoprotein in HCV infection.
Least‐Squares Estimation: Model Errors and Model Order (2011)

This chapter discussed practical usage of least - squares techniques. Specific topics included solution validation, model error analysis, confidence bound calculations, and optimal selection of states to be estimated. There are many reasons why a least - squares solution may not be valid. Some of the more common problems include incorrect model structure, incorrect model assumptions, incorrect selection of model states or order, poor state observability, and anomalous measurements. Hence it is very important that solutions be validated. Two examples were given to demonstrate the concepts. The first was a fourth - order polynomial model. The second example was a case study of GOES - 13 performance that demonstrated many of the analysis steps. Controlled Vocabulary Terms error analysis; least squares approximations
ChemInform Abstract: Redox‐Coupled Linkage Isomerizations with η2‐Coordinated Anilines. (1988)

Abstract In solution, the complex (I) undergoes a linkage isomerization from its N‐bound form to one in which the metal center engages the aromatic ring (→ (II)).
A guide to the removal of heavy silicone oil (2008)

The use of shorter and smaller gauge cannula for removal of Densiron obviates the need to enlarge the sclerotomy beyond 20G or to apply suction in close proximity to disc and fovea. This potentially reduces the risk of iatrogenic damage such as entry site tears or postoperative hypotony.
Recent Progress on the Key Materials and Components for Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells in Vehicle Applications (2016)

Fuel cells are the most clean and efficient power source for vehicles. In particular, proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) are the most promising candidate for automobile applications due to their rapid start-up and low-temperature operation. Through extensive global research efforts in the latest decade, the performance of PEMFCs, including energy efficiency, volumetric and mass power density, and low temperature startup ability, have achieved significant breakthroughs. In 2014, fuel cell powered vehicles were introduced into the market by several prominent vehicle companies. However, the low durability and high cost of PEMFC systems are still the main obstacles for large-scale industrialization of this technology. The key materials and components used in PEMFCs greatly affect their durability and cost. In this review, the technical progress of key materials and components for PEMFCs has been summarized and critically discussed, including topics such as the membrane, catalyst layer, gas diffusion layer, and bipolar plate. The development of high-durability processing technologies is also introduced. Finally, this review is concluded with personal perspectives on the future research directions of this area.
‘Liquid litmus’: chemosensory pH-responsive photonic ionic liquids (2011)

We report on the founding member of a unique class of luminescent ionic liquids integrating a photoacidic anion that responds to the presence of both condensed- and gas-phase basicity; the analytical response is ratiometric in nature, visible to the naked eye, and offers fascinating prospects in smart photofluids, liquid logic gates, electronic noses, and sensory inks.
Optimal Structural Design of Compliant Mechanisms. Consideration of Quantitative Displacement Constraint. (1999)

Structural optimization using the homogenization method which was introduced by Bendsφe and Kikuchi in 1988 is established as a theory of optimal design of layout (topology and shape). This theory has been applied to the various kind of problems, especially in meso-micro-scale desing, for example in the microstructure of composite and piezo-ceramic material. Frecker and Nishiwaki studied the possibility of the extension of the homogenization design method for topology/shape optimization for elastic structures into the design of flexible structures such as compliant mechanisms. Compliant mechanisms is a relatively new breed of jointless mechanism in which elastic deformation is intended to be a source of motion. In the past, most flexible structural design optimization was considered only for the direction of the flexible point, by using the material density or equivalent homogenization method to identify the optimum layout. Here we shall extend it to the case of a two dimensional design for compliant mechanism which control the deflection of the flexible point. Moreover we also applied the image based design method to extract a FE model for prototype from the optimal layout and propose the integrated structural design methodology.
Enhancing the Performance of Propagation Model-Based Positioning Algorithms (2009)

Object localization in wireless networks through Received Signal Strength (RSS) measurements requires a precise estimation of the signal attenuation model in order to produce meaningful results. The popular lognormal channel model, widely adopted to describe the signal strength attenuation as a function of the distance between nodes, turns out to be too simplistic when applied to a real scenario. In this paper, we analyze two possible improvements to this model: on one hand, we build a different channel model for each reference node in the network, with the aim of tackling the anisotropy of the environment. On the other hand, we explicitly append to the lognormal model a term to account for walls attenuation. A thorough experimental testbed demonstrates the potentials of the two approaches, with the second one being especially useful to counteract the effect of the limited sensitivity of practical wireless receivers.
Interaction between hormonal and mitochondrial signalling during growth, development and in plant defence responses (2016)

Mitochondria play a central role in plant metabolism as they are a major source of ATP through synthesis by the oxidative phosphorylation pathway and harbour key metabolic reactions such as the TCA cycle. The energy and building blocks produced by mitochondria are essential to drive plant growth and development as well as to provide fuel for responses to abiotic and biotic stresses. The majority of mitochondrial proteins are encoded in the nuclear genome and have to be imported into the organelle. For the regulation of the corresponding genes intricate signalling pathways exist to adjust their expression. Signals directly regulate nuclear gene expression (anterograde signalling) to adjust the protein composition of the mitochondria to the needs of the cell. In parallel, mitochondria communicate back their functional status to the nucleus (retrograde signalling) to prompt transcriptional regulation of responsive genes via largely unknown signalling mechanisms. Plant hormones are the major signalling components regulating all layers of plant development and cellular functions. Increasing evidence is now becoming available that plant hormones are also part of signalling networks controlling mitochondrial function and their biogenesis. This review summarizes recent advances in understanding the interaction of mitochondrial and hormonal signalling pathways.
Extraction and fingerprint analysis of simian virus 40 large and small T-antigens (1978)

A study of simian virus 40 (SV40) T-antigens isolated from productively infected CV1 cells using a variety of different extraction procedures showed that under some conditions the highest molecular weight form of T-Ag (large-T) isolated comigrated on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis with large-T from SV40-transformed H65-90B cells. Other faster-migrating forms of large-T are probably generated during the extraction procedure by a protease which is active at low pH, and such forms are probably experimental artifacts. After extraction under conditions which minimize proteolytic degradation of large-T, a further form of T-antigen was isolated; this has an apparent molecular weight in the range 15,000 to 20,000 and is referred to as small-t. Fingerprint analysis of [35S]methionine-labeled SV40 proteins showed that small-t has 10 to 12 methionine peptides whereas large-T has 15 to 18 methionine peptides. All but two of the methionine tryptic peptides present in small-t are also present in large-T. The fingerprint data also showed that T-antigens have no peptides in common with SV40 VP1. Experiments using reagents which inhibit posttranslational cleavage of encephalomyocarditis virus polyproteins showed that these reagents do not affect the synthesis of small-t and suggest that it is not made by proteolytic cleavage of large-T in vivo. An alternative model, which proposes that large-T and small-t are synthesized independently, is discussed in terms of the fingerprint data and the number of methionine tryptic peptides predicted from the primary sequence of SV40 DNA.
Cross-resistance of platinum derivatives in H-1R, a cisplatin-resistant cell line (1994)

We previously established H-1R cells, a cisplatin (CDDP)-resistant cell line, from H-1 cells, a CDDP-sensitive oral carcinoma cell line. The aim of this study was to identify the molecular mechanism of cross-resistance to antitumor drugs containing a platinum agent in H-1R cells. The 3-(3,4-dimethyl-thiazol-2-yl) 2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay and clonogenecity assay indicated that H-1R cells showed strong cross-resistance to carboplatin, nedaplatin and oxaliplatin. The expression status of the copper transporter and organic cation transporters was confirmed by real-time quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. The transporters ATP7A, ATP7B, hCtr1, hOCT1 and hOCT2 were up-regulated, whereas hOCT3 was down-regulated. The cellular glutathione level was elevated 2-fold in H-1R cells compared with H-1 cells. Our results suggested that H-1 and H-1R cells may be useful in searching for candidate genes responsible for cross-resistance to platinum derivatives and for further studies to understand the mechanism of platinum resistance.
THE PHOTOLYSIS OF 4,4-DIMETHYLANDROST-5-EN-17β-OL-3-ONE (1966)

The photolysis of 4,4-dimethylandrost-5-en-17β-ol-3-one (I) in aqueous tetrahydrofuran has been shown to give products of reduction, adducts with tetrahydrofuran, and 5-isopropyllactones VI and VII.
Tratamiento de la diplopia (2000)

La mayoria de las desviaciones oculomotoras que se ven en una consulta de optometria general son estables, de larga duracion y benignas. Sin embargo, hay un grupo significativo de pacientes con problemas adquiridos o congenitos que requieren una evaluacion adicional en la que se determine su etiologia antes de comenzar el tratamiento. Estas anomalias pueden ser idiopaticas, deberse a disfunciones neurologicas o restrictivas. La queja mas frecuente en estos pacientes es tal vez la diplopia. Tras el tratamiento medico del problema base de estos pacientes, aun queda el problema de la afectacion de su calidad de vida. El tratamiento eficiente de la diplopia puede mejorar en gran medida el confort del paciente y su funcionamiento diario.