gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Polarization Quality of High-Birefringence Single-Mode Fibers (1984)

Coherent optical communications, integrated optics, and interferometric sensors require that single-mode fibers maintain a stable state of polarization. With a broadband source, wavelength averaging of the power in either orthogonally polarized HE <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">11</inf> mode permits a simple measurement of the power transfer to the cross-polarized state (the h value). Polarization-holding quality was measured on several single-mode fibers with strain birefringence that had been induced by a new preform deformation method or a gas-phase etching technique. The fibers exhibited h values from 2.3 × 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">−5</sup> m <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">−1</sup> (average polarization-holding to −24 dB) to 8.9 × 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">−4</sup> m <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">−1</sup> with beat lengths (at λ = 632.8 nm) from 1.7 to 10 mm when the power is wavelength averaged over the 800-to 1100-nm range.
The fractional quantum hall effect (1986)

A review is given of the fractional quantum Hall effect with the emphasis placed on the basic experimental facts. Only a superficial description is made of the current theoretical understanding.
Practical Preparation of Esters and Thioacetates from Alkyl Halides and Carboxylates or Thioacetate Catalyzed by PEG400 without Solvent (2006)

Abstract Carboxylic esters and thioacetates were conveniently prepared in good to excellent yields under mild conditions by the reaction of alkyl halides with sodium carboxylates or sodium thioacetate catalyzed by PEG400 in the absence of solvents.
Obesity Incrementally Increases Charges in Kidney Transplantation. (2014)

Obesity is known for poor renal allograft function but the economic burden is yet to be reported. Our objective is to determine the impact of body mass index (BMI) in living (LD) and deceased (DD) donor recipients on charges to Medicare. METHODS Retrospective analysis of USRDS and Medicare claims from 2004-2009. Subjects were categorized by WHO BMI classifications and those with multiple transplants, donor<5 yo, and payments<$15,000 were excluded. Total direct medical charges were assessed for transplant hospitalization(TXP),1,3,6,12,24,&36-month time intervals as well as 3-yr accumulated charges post-transplant. Base charge was calculated using an average of standard demographic and outcome characteristics. Univariate analyses assessed for association of covariates with log transformed charges, significant variables (p<0.05) were included in multivariate regression. RESULTS 22,616 DD and 7,373 LD recipients were evaluated. In multivariate analysis, DD BMI of 35-39.9 showed significant difference from base charges at TXP,1,3,& 6 months of $4,107 (p=0.005),$1,327 (p=0.008),$1,127(p=0.005) and $1,214(p=0.009),respectively. Similarly, DD with BMI≥40 had significantly higher charges at TXP,1,3,& 6 months of $13,662 (p<0.001),$3,061(p=0.002),$2,835(p<0.0001),$1,935(p=0.031),respectively. 3-year accumulated charges were also significantly higher for both DD BMI groups ($14,874,p=0.035;$51,922,p<0.0001). LD charges were significantly higher at TXP for BMI 30-34.9 and at 3 months in all BMI categories≥30.Table: No Caption available.CONCLUSION Obesity is a significant factor in health resource utilization within 6 months following renal transplantation leading to higher 3-year average accumulated charges than base charges. Quantifying charges allows for future cost-effective analyses and pose questions for interventions to address elevated BMI prior to transplantation.
Flexible thin-film InAs/GaAs quantum dot solar cells (2012)

Thin-film InAs/GaAs quantum dot (QD) solar cells on mechanically flexible plastic films are fabricated. A 4.1-μm-thick compound semiconductor photovoltaic layer grown on a GaAs substrate is transferred onto a plastic film through a low-temperature bonding technique. We also fabricate thin-film InAs/GaAs quantum dot solar cells on Si substrates, as alternative low-cost, lightweight, robust substrates. The open-circuit voltages of the thin-film cells on plastic and Si substrates are equal to that of the as-grown bulk cell on a GaAs substrate, indicating that no material degradation occurs during our bond-and-transfer process.
Creating Isoprenoid Diversity (1997)

Living things use isoprenoids as pigments, hormones, molecular signals, and pheromones. The many variations of isoprenoid are generated by versatile enzymes that synthesize multiple products. In their Perspective, Sacchettini and Poulter discuss what the new structures of three of these cyclases, reported on pages
 1811,
 1815, and
 1820
 of this issue, reveal about the mechanisms of isoprenoid formation.
Waterborne trash recycling plant study. volume iii: appendices. Final report, September 1978-May 1980 (1980)

The feasibility of waterborne trash recycling and energy recovery facilities was investigated for combinations of three locations and four processes. The three locations were Seattle, Washington (sheltered bay site); San Diego, California (open ocean); and St. Louis, Missouri (pierside). The four processes were production of coarse refuse-derived fuel (RDF); compressed fluff RDF; low Btu gas via the PUROX pyrolysis process; and electric power. Ferrous metal was also recovered from the waste.
Decision Support Using Simulation for Customer-Driven Manufacturing System Design and Operations Planning (2010)

Decision Support Using Simulation for Customer-Driven Manufacturing System Design and Operations Planning
A Model for Embedding and Authorizing Digital Signatures in Printed Documents (2008)

Abstract. It is a desirable feature in a public key infrastructure (PKI) to include the signature information in a printed document for anthenticity and integrity checks, in a way to bind an electronic document to the printed document. However, it is not easy to preserve the digital signature in the printed document because the digital signature is for the text code (or the whole document file), not for the text image (which can be scanned optically) in printed form. So, we propose a practical and secure method for preserving the authorized digital signatures for printed documents. We will derive a printable digital signature scheme from the Korean Certificate-based Digital Signature Algorithm (KCDSA) for secure transaction and utilize the dense two-dimensional barcode, QRcode, for printing out the signature and data in a small area within a printed document. Keywords: Computer Security, Distribute Systems Security, Practical Aspects. 1.
Low-valent cyanocobaltate chemistry. 3. Reactions of [(.eta.5-C5H5)Co(CN)(CO)]- with electrophiles, nucleophiles, and redox agents. Synthesis of new (.eta.5-cyclopentadienyl)cobalt cyanide complexes (1988)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTLow-valent cyanocobaltate chemistry. 3. Reactions of [(.eta.5-C5H5)Co(CN)(CO)]- with electrophiles, nucleophiles, and redox agents. Synthesis of new (.eta.5-cyclopentadienyl)cobalt cyanide complexesStephen J. Carter and Louis S. StuhlCite this: Organometallics 1988, 7, 9, 1909–1918Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1988Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1988https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/om00099a003https://doi.org/10.1021/om00099a003research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views183Altmetric-Citations10LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Microfabrication of an asymmetric, multi-layered microdevice for controlled release of orally delivered therapeutics (2008)

The creation of an oral drug delivery platform to administer chemotherapeutic agents effectively can not only increase patient compliance, but also potentially diminish drug toxicity. A microfabricated device offers advantages over conventional drug delivery technology. Here we describe the development of a multi-layered polymeric drug-loaded microfabricated device (microdevice) for the oral delivery of therapeutics, which offers unidirectional release of multiple therapeutics. The imaging and release of therapeutics from the multi-layered device was performed with three different fluorescently labeled albumins. The release of insulin and chemotherapeutic camptothecin was also observed to be released in a controlled manner over the course of 180 min in vitro. Furthermore, asymmetric delivery was shown to concentrate drug at the device/cell interface, wherein 10 times more drug permeated an intestinal epithelial cell monolayer, compared to unprotected drug-loaded hydrogels. The bioactivity of the released chemotherapeutic was shown with cytostasis of colorectal adenocarcinoma cells. Cytostasis of drug loaded hydrogels was significantly higher than control empty hydrogel laden microdevices. Our results conclude that microfabrication of a hydrogel laden microdevice leads to a viable oral delivery platform for chemotherapeutics.
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (2005)

Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a psychiatric illness that can be quite debilitating and historically has proven difficult to treat. Research conducted over the past decade has provided much insight into the underlying neuropathology, allowing significant advances in the treatment of these patients. Whereas psychotherapy was previously the only mode of treatment for OCD, pharmacological agents and psychosurgical procedures are proving to be effective in treating this disorder. The use of noninvasive or minimally invasive procedures to treat OCD also are currently being investigated. This chapter reviews the animal models and clinical features of OCD, as well as the neurochemicals and brain regions involved in this disorder, and the role of autoimmunity and familial inheritance. Treatment options including psychotherapy, medications, and invasive and noninvasive procedures are also discussed in detail.
Optimum seismic illumination of hydrocarbon reservoirs (1992)

Abstract A method is proposed for the design and application of a wave theory-based synthesis operator, which combines shot records (2-D or 3-D) for the illumination of a specific part of the subsurface (target, reservoir) with a predefined source wavefield.After application of the synthesis operator to the surface data, the procedure is completed by downward extrapolation of the receivers. The output simulates a seismic experiment at the target, carried out with an optimum source wavefield. These data can be further processed by migration and/or inversion.The main advantage of the proposed method is that control of the source wavefield is put at the target, in contrast with the conventional wave stack procedures, where control of the source wavefield is put at the surface. Moreover, the proposed method allows true amplitude, three-dimensional (3-D), prestack migration that can be economically handled on the current generation of supercomputers.
Acceleration of wound healing in healing‐impaired db/db mice with a photocrosslinkable chitosan hydrogel containing fibroblast growth factor‐2 (2005)

Application of ultraviolet light irradiation to a photocrosslinkable chitosan (Az-CH-LA) aqueous solution including fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2) results within 30 seconds in an insoluble, flexible hydrogel. The FGF-2 molecules retained in the chitosan hydrogel remain biologically active and are released from the chitosan hydrogel upon in vivo biodegradation of the hydrogel. To evaluate the accelerating effect on wound healing of this hydrogel, full-thickness skin incisions were made in the backs of healing-impaired diabetic (db/db) mice and their normal (db/+) littermates. The mice were later killed, and histological sections of the wound were prepared. The degree of wound healing was evaluated using several histological parameters such as the rate of contraction, epithelialization, and tissue filling. Application of the chitosan hydrogel significantly advanced the rate of contraction on Days 0 to 2 in db/db and db/+ mice. Although the addition of FGF-2 into the chitosan hydrogel in db/+ mice had little effect, application of the chitosan hydrogel-containing FGF-2 further accelerated the adjusted tissue filling rate (Days 2 to 4 and Days 4 to 8) in db/db mice. Furthermore, the chitosan hydrogel-containing FGF-2 markedly increased the number of CD-34-positive vessels in the wound areas of db/db mice on Day 4. Thus, the application of chitosan hydrogel-containing FGF-2 onto a healing-impaired wound induces significant wound contraction and accelerates wound closure and healing.
Unipolar Brush Cells of the Cerebellum Are Produced in the Rhombic Lip and Migrate through Developing White Matter (2006)

Unipolar brush cells (UBCs) are glutamatergic interneurons in the cerebellar cortex and dorsal cochlear nucleus. We studied the development of UBCs, using transcription factor Tbr2/Eomes as a marker for UBCs and their progenitors in embryonic and postnatal mouse cerebellum. Tbr2+ UBCs appeared to migrate out of the upper rhombic lip via two cellular streams: a dorsal pathway into developing cerebellar white matter, where the migrating cells dispersed widely before entering the internal granular layer, and a rostral pathway along the cerebellar ventricular zone toward the brainstem. Ablation of the rhombic lip in organotypic slice cultures substantially reduced the production of Tbr2+ UBCs. In coculture experiments, Tbr2+ UBCs migrated from rhombic lip explants directly into the developing white matter of adjacent cerebellar slices. The origin of Tbr2+ UBCs was confirmed by colocalization with beta-galactosidase expressed from the Math1 locus, a molecular marker of rhombic lip lineages. Moreover, the production of Tbr2+ UBCs was Math1 dependent, as Tbr2+ UBCs were severely reduced in Math1-null cerebellum. In reeler mutant mice, Tbr2+ UBCs accumulated near the rhombic lip, consistent with impaired migration through developing white matter. Our results suggest that UBCs arise from the rhombic lip and migrate via novel pathways to their final destinations in the cerebellum and dorsal cochlear nucleus. Our findings support a model of cerebellar neurogenesis, in which glutamatergic and GABAergic neurons are produced from separate progenitor pools located mainly in the rhombic lip and the cerebellar ventricular zone, respectively.
Direction coding method and its application to scene analysis (1975)

In order to cope with image signal variations in imaging devices, a direction coding method is proposed for stable scene analysis and object recognition. This method makes extensive use of macroscopic processing of direction-coded images to achieve noise-free analysis. Examples showing recognition of obliquely-imaged box-like objects whose surfaces are rather complicated are included. Additional efforts are made to recognize surface information of objects by spatially transforming the surface image as if it were viewed from a vertical direction. This method also involves position-invariant and rotation-invariant image data transformation techniques, thus raising the possibility of more effective image analysis in actual application.
Structure and tie strengths in mobile communication networks (2007)

Electronic databases, from phone to e-mails logs, currently provide detailed records of human communication patterns, offering novel avenues to map and explore the structure of social and communication networks. Here we examine the communication patterns of millions of mobile phone users, allowing us to simultaneously study the local and the global structure of a society-wide communication network. We observe a coupling between interaction strengths and the network's local structure, with the counterintuitive consequence that social networks are robust to the removal of the strong ties but fall apart after a phase transition if the weak ties are removed. We show that this coupling significantly slows the diffusion process, resulting in dynamic trapping of information in communities and find that, when it comes to information diffusion, weak and strong ties are both simultaneously ineffective.
Muscle Edema (2010)

Muscle EdemaColm J. McMahon1, Jim S. Wu and Ronald L. EisenbergAudio Available | Share
Resolving ambiguities in regulations (2018)

According to Kohlberg, the final stage of morality is characterized by viewing laws as a means to an end by upholding values such as human dignity and fairness as guiding principles for complying with the essence of the law. Given that purpose of compliance is indeed wellbeing of citizens, software systems should, by design, incorporate these values so that laws are followed in spirit. How can we build software systems that incorporate these values? We present our work on disambiguating Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) so as to reduce the potential incidents of breach, thereby upholding of the aforesaid guiding principles of morality. We have employed deep learning based approaches to emulate the human process of disambiguation by integrating information from multiple sources, summarizing it, and augmenting the regulatory text with the additional information. This augmented regulatory text can be used by policy makers and software engineers to achieve compliance in spirit.
Nitrogenases—A Tale of Carbon Atom(s) (2016)

Named after its ability to catalyze the reduction of nitrogen to ammonia, nitrogenase has a surprising rapport with carbon-both through the interstitial carbide that resides in the central cavity of its cofactor and through its ability to catalyze the reductive carbon-carbon coupling of small carbon compounds into hydrocarbon products. Recently, a radical-SAM-dependent pathway was revealed for the insertion of carbide, which signifies a novel biosynthetic route to complex bridged metalloclusters. Moreover, a sulfur-displacement mechanism was proposed for the activation of carbon monoxide by nitrogenase, which suggests an essential role of the interstitial carbide in maintaining the stability while permitting a certain flexibility of the cofactor structure during substrate turnover.
Integra in Lower Extremity Reconstruction after Burn Injury (2008)

The use of a bioengineered, cell-free dermal matrix expands reconstructive options and allows salvage of extremities that might otherwise have been amputated or required prolonged, staged procedures. The authors' experience shows that Integra provides a sound alternative option for providing durable coverage of vital lower extremity structures. It should be considered as part of the lower extremity wound coverage algorithm.
Synthesis of (±)-Communiol E (2011)

Communiol E is a bicyclic poly­ketide isolated from the coprophilous fungus Podospora communis, originally obtained from horse dung. Here an iodolactonization, followed by a recently developed radical carbonylation-­reduction reaction provide efficient access to the core of the molecule. An oxy-Favorskii reaction stereoselectively provides the tetrahydrofuran ring.
Cocktails of Tb3+ and Eu3+ Complexes:  A General Platform for the Design of Ratiometric Optical Probes (2007)

Fluorescent and luminescent reporters that signal molecular events of interest by modulating the ratio of peaks in their emission profile have advantages over reporters that simply modulate their emission intensity, since ratiometric measurement is concentration-independent and allows them to be effective in complex contexts, such as living cells or sensor microarrays. We herein describe a general platform for the design of ratiometric probes based on a heterometallic Tb(3+)/Eu(3+) bis-lanthanide ensemble, consisting of a mixture, or "cocktail", of otherwise identical heterometalated chelates. The chelate contains an organic photon antenna that sensitizes the Tb(3+)/Eu(3+) luminescence. The contributions of the two metals to the composite luminescence spectrum can be tuned to the same relative scale by adjusting the stoichiometry of the cocktail, allowing subtle changes in their ratio to be accurately measured. Importantly, the ratio responds to chemical and environmental changes experienced by the photon antenna, making the system an ideal platform for the design of chemical and enzymatic probes. As proofs of concept, we describe a ratiometric probe for esterase activity and a polarity-responsive ratiometric sensor.
Evaluation of river pollution of neonicotinoids in Osaka City (Japan) by LC/MS with dopant-assisted photoionisation (2012)

An atmospheric pressure photoionisation (APPI) source for liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS) was applied to determine neonicotinoid pesticides in the aquatic environment. Dopant-assisted APPI was very effective in the ionisation of neonicotinoids. Neonicotinoids generated protonated molecules in APPI with high sensitivity, while adduct ions, such as sodiated molecules, were predominantly generated in conventional electrospray ionisation. The ionisation of neonicotinoids was confirmed by ultra-high-resolution MS. An analytical method coupled with solid phase extraction was developed for acetamiprid, clothianidin, dinotefuran, imidacloprid, nitenpyram, and thiamethoxam. Method detection limits were 0.47 to 2.1 ng L(-1) for six neonicotinoids. Dinotefuran was the most frequent and highest among the neonicotinoids examined in the aquatic environment in Osaka, Japan. The maximum concentration of dinotefuran was 220 ng L(-1). Given the toxicity of neonicotinoids for aquatic creatures, the concentrations observed here were substantially low. The change in concentrations was temporally coincident with the period of the neonicotinoid application. Although rapid photodegradation and some degradation products have been elucidated, the degradation products in the aquatic environment were not identified in the present study.
Data fusion in the transferable belief model (2000)

When Shafer introduced his theory of evidence based on the use of belief functions, he proposed a rule to combine belief functions induced by distinct pieces of evidence. Since then, theoretical justifications of this so-called Dempster's rule of combination have been produced and the meaning of distinctness has been assessed. The author presents practical applications where the fusion of uncertain data is well achieved by Dempster's rule of combination. It is essential that the meaning of the belief functions used to represent uncertainty be well fixed, as the adequacy of the rule depends strongly on a correct understanding of the context in which they are applied. Missing to distinguish between the upper and lower probabilities theory and the transferable belief model can lead to serious confusion, as Dempster's rule of combination is central in the transferable belief model whereas it hardly fits with the upper and lower probabilities theory.