gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Different core promoters possess distinct regulatory activities in the Drosophila embryo (1998)

There are numerous examples of shared enhancers interacting with just a subset of target promoters. In some cases, specific enhancer-promoter interactions depend on promoter competition, whereby the activation of a preferred target promoter precludes expression of linked genes. Here, we employ a transgenic embryo assay to obtain evidence that promoter selection is influenced by the TATA element. Both the AE1 enhancer from the Drosophila Antennapedia gene complex (ANT-C) and the IAB5 enhancer from the Bithorax complex (BX-C) preferentially activate TATA-containing promoters when challenged with linked TATA-less promoters. In contrast, the rho neuroectoderm enhancer (NEE) does not discriminate between these two classes of promoters. Thus, certain upstream activators, such as Ftz, prefer TATA-containing promoters, whereas other activators, including Dorsal, work equally well on both classes of promoters. These results provide in vivo evidence that different core promoters possess distinct regulatory activities. We discuss the possibility that an invariant TFIID complex can adopt different conformations on the core promoter.
High-Density Defects Activating Fe-Doped Molybdenum Sulfide@N-Doped Carbon Heterostructures for Efficient Electrochemical Hydrogen Evolution (2021)

Vacancy defects caused by doping are beneficial to optimizing the regional electronic structure and increasing exposed active sites, and it is vital to improve the efficiency of hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). Herein, we constructed the Fe-doped molybdenum sulfide encapsulated with N-doped carbon (FeMoSN@NC), which with ultrathin edge-curled layer structure. Fe-doping realized with Prussian blue nanocages as the precursors, which plays a crucial role in the formation of ultrathin layer assembled microspheres. Experimental tests and theoretical calculations show that the Fe-doping can not only expand the interlayer of MoS2 (∼11 Å) to obtain ultrathin layers but also embed into the in-plane location of MoS2 to form high-density doping and vacancy defects. The regulation of regional active sites caused by Fe-doping can enhance the intrinsic catalytic activity of catalyst, including more active sites for HER, appropriate Gibbs free energy of hydrogen adsorption (−0.11 eV of Fe1Mo-VMo,S), and low resistance for carrier transfer (9 Ω). FeMoSN@NC as the HER electrocatalyst exhibits efficient activity with a Tafel slope of 67 mV dec–1 and an overpotential of 150 mV at the current density of −100 mA mg–1. The above insights provide new transition metal doping strategy for efficient molybdenum sulfide electrocatalysts with optimized active sites and increased electrochemical active area.
Chronic Hepatitis C Infection (2011)

This article reviews the evaluation and initial management of chronic hepatitis C infection, with particular attention to the use of new directly acting antiviral agents in treatment regimens.
Comparison of forward light scatter estimations using Shack-Hartmann spot patterns and a straylight meter (2015)

No author has a financial or proprietary interest in any material or method mentioned.
Benchmarking an 11-qubit quantum computer (2019)

The field of quantum computing has grown from concept to demonstration devices over the past 20 years. Universal quantum computing offers efficiency in approaching problems of scientific and commercial interest, such as factoring large numbers, searching databases, simulating intractable models from quantum physics, and optimizing complex cost functions. Here, we present an 11-qubit fully-connected, programmable quantum computer in a trapped ion system composed of 13 <sup>171</sup>Yb<sup>+</sup> ions. We demonstrate average single-qubit gate fidelities of 99.5[Formula: see text], average two-qubit-gate fidelities of 97.5[Formula: see text], and SPAM errors of 0.7[Formula: see text]. To illustrate the capabilities of this universal platform and provide a basis for comparison with similarly-sized devices, we compile the Bernstein-Vazirani and Hidden Shift algorithms into our native gates and execute them on the hardware with average success rates of 78[Formula: see text] and 35[Formula: see text], respectively. These algorithms serve as excellent benchmarks for any type of quantum hardware, and show that our system outperforms all other currently available hardware.
Opportunistic UAV Navigation With Carrier Phase Measurements From Asynchronous Cellular Signals (2019)

This article presents a framework for opportunistic unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) navigation by exploiting carrier phase measurements from ambient cellular signals of opportunity. In the proposed framework, the cellular base transceiver stations (BTSs) are not assumed to be synchronous. A complete framework that employs an extended Kalman filter (EKF) is presented, including filter initialization and process and measurement noise covariance selection. The EKF estimates the position and velocity of the UAV, as well as the differences between the UAV-mounted receiver and each of the BTSs' clock bias and clock drift. The observability of the estimation framework is analyzed, and the boundedness of the EKF's errors is studied. It is shown that the system is observable given a class of vehicle and receiver clock dynamics. A lower bound for the EKF estimation error covariance is derived, and it is shown that the covariance remains bounded. Monte Carlo simulations are conducted to study the effect of the number of BTSs, the initial UAV speed, and the receiver's oscillator quality, on the estimation performance. Two sets of experimental results are presented demonstrating UAVs navigating exclusively with cellular carrier phase measurements via the developed framework, achieving a total position root-mean-squared error of 2.94 and 5.99 m for UAV trajectories of 2.6 and 2.9 km, respectively.
2-Mercaptoimidazole Covalently Bonded to a Silica Gel Surface for the Selective Separation of Mercury(II) from an Aqueous Solution (1997)

Abstract Silica gel with a specific surface area of 365 m2·g−1 and an average pore diameter of 60 Å was chemically modified with 2-mercaptoimidazole. The degree of functionalization of the covalently attached molecule, (≡SiO)3(CH2)3—MI, where MI is the 2-mercaptoimidazole bound to the silica surface by a propyl group, was 0.58 mmol·g−1. In individual metal adsorption experiments from aqueous solutions by the batch procedure, the affinity order was HgII « CdII > CuII ∼ ZnII ∼ PbII > MnII at solution pHs between 4 and 7. Due to the high affinity by the sulfur atom, HgII is strongly bound to the functional groups. When solution containing a mixture of HgII, CdII, CuII, ZnII, PbII, and MnII ions was passed through a column packed with the adsorbent, HgII was the only one whose adsorption and elution was not affected by the presence of other ions.
VALIDACION DE DATOS DE ESTACIONES METEOROLÓGICAS AUTOMÁTICAS MEDIANTE MONITOREO DE TEMPERATURA EN HUERTOS DE MANZANOS (2021)

RESUMENEl monitoreo de datos agrometeorológicos es útil para prevenir daños a los cultivos, predecir rendimientos y tomar decisiones en beneficio de la producción agrícola.El objetivo de esta investigación fue evaluar la calidad de los datos de temperatura en huertos de manzanos Malus x domestica Borkh.generados por estaciones meteorológicas automáticas (EMAs) en la zona central de Chile.Se usó un diseño completamente al azar en tres huertos.La temperatura fue monitoreada con sensores iButton instalados en el medio de la canopia, en posición interna, central y externa del dosel del árbol, y otro cercano a la EMA del huerto.Los resultados indican que no se presentaron diferencias significativas de temperatura entre los sensores ubicados dentro del dosel del árbol (posición interna, central y externa).Así mismo, el árbol de la hilera de la orilla del huerto presentó diferencias significativas (p ≤ 0,05) con respecto al árbol dela hilera central del huerto.La distancia de la EMA con respecto a los árboles evaluados no tuvo incidencia en
Clinical Findings Predicting Posttraumatic Endophthalmitis after Repair of Open Globe Injuries (2022)

Poor initial visual acuity, rural setting of injury, contaminated wound, and lens injury increased risk of suspected posttraumatic endophthalmitis. Prophylactic intravitreal antibiotics at the time of primary repair in eyes with high-risk characteristics reduced the risk of posttraumatic endophthalmitis.
Ramelteon Phase Advanced Circadian Rhythms of Neuronal Firing in The Suprachiasmatic Nucleus (SCN) Brain Slice by Activation of Both MT 1 and MT 2 Melatonin (MLT) Receptors (2007)

Ramelteon, a high affinity MT 1 (Ki: 14 pM) and MT 2 (Ki: 104 pM) MLT receptor agonist promotes sleep and phase shifts circadian rhythms (Curr Opinion Inv Drugs 1:–121, 2005). This study determined the MLT receptor type(s) involved in ramelteon‐mediated phase shifts of spontaneous circadian rhythms of neuronal firing in SCN brain slices from C3H/HeN mice using single‐unit recordings. SCN brain slices from wild type (WT) mice showed a peak of neuronal firing at circadian time (CT) 6.1 ± 0.1 h (n=5) [CT12: activity onset for host mice], which was advanced by ramelteon (10 pM, 10 min) application on day 1 at CT 10 to CT 1.2 ± 0.7 h (n=4, p &lt; 0.0001) on day 2. Ramelteon significantly advanced the peak of neuronal firing in SCN from WT (4.9 ± 0.7 h, n=4), MT 1 KO (3.4 ± 0.15 h, n=5) and MT 2 KO (1.6 ± 0.4 h, n=3), but not from MT 1 MT 2 KO mice. Ramelteon‐mediated phase advance in SCN brain slices from WT mice was MLT receptor specific and resulted from activation of MT 2 receptors with a smaller contribution from MT 1 receptors. MLT (10 pM), however, induced phase advances of identical magnitude via activation of MT 2 receptors in SCN from WT (2.7 ± 0.15h, n=4) and MT 1 KO (3 ± 0.1h, n=4) mice, but did not affect phase in SCN from MT 2 KO or MT 1 MT 2 KO mice (Hudson et al., Neuropshychopharmacol 30:, 2005). We conclude that ramelteon uncovered a functional MT 1 melatonin receptor in the SCN also involved in phase shifting circadian rhythms. Supported by a Takeda Investigator‐Sponsored Research Grant 06‐016R.
Permeability of Soil-Geotextile Systems (1985)

A specially designed laboratory-type permeameter was used to characterize liquid flow behavior through various combinations of soils and geotextile fabrics subject to different flow rates and hydrostatic pressures of water. Spunbonded geotextiles made from two different fiber types ( e.g., polyester and polypropylene) were selected for the study. Volume flow rates were varied up to 21 cm/second by adjusting hydrostatic pressure differences from 2.5 to 76.2 cm. The results suggest single layer barriers of the geotextiles alone have small effects on flow rates of water, but sand-geotextile combinations exhibited strikingly different behavior. In prewashed soil-geotextile combinations, the permeability decreased non linearly with increasing depth of soil above the fabrics, independent of the supporting fabric. For soils that were not prewashed, however, fine particles in suspension settled at the soil-water interface to produce an almost impervious layer or cake structure. This caking was a function of time and became the controlling factor of flow throughout the composite. High clogging in even thin fabrics was observed when sand was replaced by fine material such as Kaolite. The behavior was different than that of the fine material in unwashed sand. In addition, geotextile fabrics showed low resiliency to recovery from cyclic compression. The practical interpretation of this is that the porosity of the fabric may decrease significantly with time if incorporated into structures that are subject to compressive forces.
Reduction of sulfur dioxide by syngas to elemental sulfur over iron‐based mixed oxide supported catalyst (1997)

Abstract An iron‐based supported catalyst has been developed for the reduction of SO 2 by synthesis gas to obtain more than 97% yield of elemental sulfur with a single stage reactor for 340–480°C (30–40 mesh particles), 440–580°C (d · 3 mm × h · 5 mm granules). Parametric studies on the performance of the catalyst have been conducted. The parameters studied include temperature, space velocity, molar ratio of H 2 to CO, molar ratio of syngas to SO 2 in the feed, and particle size of the catalyst. A lifetime test has been successfully performed. The mass balance of sulfur and carbon has been demonstrated.
In vivo electrical conductivity measurement of muscle, cartilage, and peripheral nerve around knee joint using MR-electrical properties tomography (2022)

This study aimed to investigate whether in vivo MR-electrical properties tomography (MR-EPT) is feasible in musculoskeletal tissues by evaluating the conductivity of muscle, cartilage, and peripheral nerve around the knee joint, and to explore whether these measurements change after exercise. This prospective study was approved by the institutional review board. On February 2020, ten healthy volunteers provided written informed consent and underwent MRI of the right knee using a three-dimensional balanced steady-state free precession (bSSFP) sequence. To test the effect of loading, the subjects performed 60 squatting exercises after baseline MRI, immediately followed by post-exercise MRI with the same sequences. After reconstruction of conductivity map based on the bSSFP sequence, conductivity of muscles, cartilages, and nerves were measured. Measurements between the baseline and post-exercise MRI were compared using the paired t-test. Test-retest reliability for baseline conductivity was evaluated using the intraclass correlation coefficient. The baseline and post-exercise conductivity values (mean ± standard deviation) [S/m] of muscles, cartilages, and nerves were 1.73 ± 0.40 and 1.82 ± 0.50 (p = 0.048), 2.29 ± 0.47 and 2.51 ± 0.37 (p = 0.006), and 2.35 ± 0.57 and 2.36 ± 0.57 (p = 0.927), respectively. Intraclass correlation coefficient for the baseline conductivity of muscles, cartilages, and nerves were 0.89, 0.67, and 0.89, respectively. In conclusion, in vivo conductivity measurement of musculoskeletal tissues is feasible using MR-EPT. Conductivity of muscles and cartilages significantly changed with an overall increase after exercise.
Performance of W/MnO2 as an Environmentally Friendly Energetic Time Delay Composition (2017)

Current fielded delay formulations face increased scrutiny due to their environmentally hazardous components (i.e., BaCrO4/KClO4), and there is an immediate need for viable replacements. In this work, the W/MnO2 composition is explored as an environmentally benign time delay replacement. Delay performance and aging characteristics are examined at diameters (6.35 and 4.7 mm) similar to those of common delay housings. Measured maximum combustion temperatures ranged from 1466 to 1670 K as a function of mixture stoichiometry. The measured combustion velocities ranged from 0.67 to 1.68 mm/s for 6.35 mm open air pellets, and from 1.62 to 4.61 mm/s when combusted in 6.35 and 4.7 mm ID Al/SS housings. When packing density was increased and decreased from the standard 60% theoretical maximum density, combustion velocity decreased. For all W/MnO2 formulations, the maximum measured gas production was 9.1 mL/g. Accelerated aging was performed for 8 weeks, and negligible changes in combustion characteristics were observed. Combustion products were characterized with powder X-ray diffraction and appear benign on the basis of known compound information. Hot, cold, and ambient combustion velocity experiments were performed in the M213/M228 fuze, with results within acceptable parameters. Therefore, the W/MnO2 system seems suitable as a relatively low-combustion-velocity, low-gas-producing, and low-toxicity-delay composition with acceptable longevity.
The CERF computer system (1899)

Multiprocessor systems are becoming increasingly popular because of the increased throughput possible and the possibility of system availability despite the failure of some of the processing units. This paper describes an innovative concept in multiprocessor system design, and suggests some of the research areas which have not yet been resolved but which can be studied on this system. The system architecture is patterned after Control Data Corporation's peripheral processor barrel except that it possesses much more powerful functional capabilities. In addition, high speed minicomputers were used to handle all of the system I/O requirements. Research areas for which this system is particularly appropriate include computer architecture-operating systems tradeoffs and multiprocessor operating systems design and implementation. The hardware system is entirely microprogrammable, allowing for increased flexibility in evaluating various research strategies.
Reduction of cogging force in slotlesslinear permanent magnet motors (1997)

There are two potential causes of cogging force in linear permanent magnet motors, resulting from the slotting and the finite length of the iron-cored armature. The paper is concerned with slotless motors, for which a technique is described for minimising the cogging force which is produced when the armature has a mild steel sleeve (yoke). By analysing the cogging-force waveform developed at one end of the sleeve and optimising its axial length so that an opposing cogging-force waveform is developed at the other end, it is possible to obtain nearly zero resultant force. The technique has been validated on a prototype motor and found to be effective and simple to implement.
Electrical model and analysis of the transition from an atmospheric pressure Townsend discharge to a filamentary discharge (2005)

International audience
Differential Synovial CGRP/RAMP1 Expression in Men and Women With Knee Osteoarthritis (2021)

Background Female patients with osteoarthritis report more severe knee pain compared to men. However, the mechanism underlying sex differences in pain remains unclear. We previously found that calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) was expressed in synovial tissue and that this localization may play a role in pain associated with knee osteoarthritis (KOA). Several animal studies have shown that the expression of CGRP and its receptor (receptor activity modifying protein 1, RAMP1) differs by sex. Here, we investigated synovial CGRP and RAMP1 expression in male and female patients with KOA. Methods Synovial tissue (ST) was harvested from male and female subjects (n=30 each) with radiographically confirmed unilateral Kellgren/Lawrence grade 3-4 KOA during total knee arthroplasty. Patients' subjective pain severity was scored on a 0 to 10 cm visual analog scale (VAS). We compared the expression of CGRP and RAMP1 in ST from men and women and examined the correlation between mRNA levels of CGRP and RAMP1 and pain severity. Results Synovial expression of CGRP and RAMP1 was significantly elevated in women compared to men (CGRP, P=0.017; RAMP1, P=0.028). While CGRP expression was positively correlated with pain severity in females (ρ=0.443, P=0.014), no correlation was observed in men (ρ=-0.021, P=0.913). RAMP1 expression was not correlated with pain severity in either men or women (male, ρ=-0.114, P=0.939; female, ρ=-0.047, P=0.807). Conclusion CGRP and RAMP1 expression levels differ between men and women. Differential CGRP levels may suggest the presence of different pain mechanisms in men and women with KOA.
Electrophysiological population dynamics reveal context dependencies during decision making in human frontal cortex (2022)

Abstract During economic choice, evidence from monkeys and humans suggest that activity in the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) encodes the subjective values of options under consideration. Monkey data further suggests that value representations in the OFC are context dependent, representing subjective value in a way influenced by the decision makers’ recent experience. Using stereo electroencephalography (sEEG) in human subjects, we investigated the neural representations of both past and present subjective values in the OFC, insula, cingulate and parietal cortices, amygdala, hippocampus and striatum. Patients with epilepsy (n=20) reported their willingness to pay—a measure of subjective value—for snack food items in a Becker-DeGroot-Marschack (BDM) auction task. We found that the high frequency power (gamma and high-gamma bands) in the OFC positively correlated with the current subjective value but negatively correlated with the subjective value of the good offered on the last trial – a kind of temporal context dependency not yet observed in humans. These representations were observed at both the group level (across electrode contacts and subjects) and at the level of individual contacts. Noticeably, the majority of significant contacts represented either the present or past subjective value, but not both. A dynamic dimensionality-reduction analysis of OFC population trajectories suggested that the past trial begin to influence activity early in the current trial after the current offer was revealed, and that these two properties—current and past subjective values—dominate the electrophysiological signals. Together, these findings indicate that information about the value of the past and present rewards are simultaneously represented in the human OFC, and offer insights into the algorithmic structure of context-dependent computation during human economic choice.
Improving Diagnosis of Primary Prostate Cancer With Combined 68Ga–Prostate-Specific Membrane Antigen–HBED-CC Simultaneous PET and Multiparametric MRI and Clinical Parameters (2018)

Gallium-68-PSMA PET combined with multiparametric MRI showed high diagnostic accuracy for prostate cancer diagnosis compared with either multiparametric MRI or PET alone or with clinical factors (e.g., digital rectal examination or prostate-specific antigen level) alone, and the combination further improves characterization of prostatic lesions.
Evaluation of Effect of Heat-Adhesive Emulsions for Tack Coats with Shear Test: From the Road Research Laboratory of Barcelona (2006)

The use of conventional emulsions for tack coats can cause problems since they frequently stick to the tires of construction vehicles. Consequently the bond between the asphalt layers is inadequate. The importance of tack coats in pavement performance means that bituminous emulsions are constantly being improved. Recently new types of emulsions have been developed from low penetration bitumen that contains no flux. These emulsions are known as heat-adhesive emulsions, and they are resistant to construction vehicles. The purpose of this study is to analyze the effect of different heat-adhesive emulsions and to verify their performance in service in comparison with the response of a conventional emulsion. For this reason a new shear test was developed in the Road Research Laboratory [Laboratorio de Caminos de Barcelona (LCB)] of the Technical University of Catalonia, in Barcelona, Spain. The LCB test is carried out at different temperatures, both on laboratory specimens and on cores extracted from recently constructed pavements, in which the same emulsions and dosages have been used. The application of the LCB test shows that the performance of the different heat-adhesive emulsions mainly depends on the characteristics of the base bitumen and the kind of modifier used. At low temperatures, heat-adhesive emulsions reach, in general terms, lower shear resistances than those of conventional emulsions; however, at intermediate temperatures there are heat-adhesive emulsions with both higher and lower strengths than those of the conventional emulsions.