gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effect of Central Cholinergic Neurotransmission Enhancement by Pyridostigmine on the Growth Hormone Secretion Elicited by Clonidine, Arginine, or Hypoglycemia in Normal and Obese Subjects* (1990)

Obesity is associated with an impairment of the GH secretion elicited by all stimuli known to date, but the basic mechanism of this alteration is unknown. To determine whether obesity is associated with a chronic state of tonic somatostatin secretion, several tests with GH stimuli with or without pyridostigmine were undertaken in both obese subjects and matched controls. Pyridostigmine reduces somatostatin release from the hypothalamus by increasing central cholinergic neurotransmission. The administration of clonidine (300 micrograms, orally) to obese subjects did not modify basal GH values (1.9 +/- 0.7 micrograms/L at 90 min), while in control subjects the clonidine-induced GH peak was 13.1 +/- 1.6 micrograms/L. Pretreatment with pyridostigmine (120 mg, orally) notably increased clonidine-stimulated GH secretion in both the obese (6.9 +/- 1.8 micrograms/L) and control (17.6 +/- 2.7 micrograms/L) subjects. Since clonidine acts by releasing endogenous GHRH, similar studies were undertaken employing arginine, which presumably enhances GH release by reducing somatostatin discharge. Arginine administration in obese subjects induced an increase in GH levels of 5 +/- 2.3 micrograms/L, which was significantly smaller than that in the matched control subjects (13.3 +/- 2.4 micrograms/L). Pretreatment with pyridostigmine increased the arginine action toward a GH peak of 12.2 +/- 2.2 micrograms/L in the obese and 21.6 +/- 2.5 micrograms/L in control subjects. As a third hypothalamic stimulus of GH secretion, trials of insulin-induced hypoglycemia were carried out. Hypoglycemia induced an increase in GH levels in obese subjects of 12.2 +/- 1.8 micrograms/L, which was higher than that produced by any other stimulus, but lower than that in control subjects (28.4 +/- 5.5 micrograms/L). In contrast with the previous two GH stimuli, pretreatment with pyridostigmine did not modify the hypoglycemia-induced GH release in either obese or normal subjects. Our results lend support to the view that clonidine acts through GH-releasing hormone release and arginine by reducing somatostatin discharge from the hypothalamus. In addition, they seem to indicate that hypoglycemia acts by a combination of both mechanisms, mainly through a reduction in somatostatin release. These findings support the idea that obesity is associated with a state of chronic somatostatin hypersecretion as the basis for the derangements in GH secretion.
Layer-by-layer deposition and photovoltaic property of Ru-based metal–organic frameworks (2014)

In the present work, thin films of ruthenium based metal–organic frameworks are synthesized using a layer-by-layer (LbL) technique and the film is characterized using XRD, FE-SEM, UV/visible spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry and photoluminance spectroscopy. Further, the feasibility of the MOF film as a sensitizer in a solar cell is investigated. The HOMO–LUMO level of the frameworks is estimated and is found to be suitable to allow the use of the frameworks as a sensitizer for TiO2. When TiO2 mesoporous film is sensitized with the LBL thin film of the frameworks and a Grätzel type liquid junction solar cell is constructed, it demonstrates the cell performance of Isc = 2.56 mA cm−2, Voc = 0.63 V, FF = 0.63, and Eff = 1.22%. Photoluminescence spectroscopy and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy show that iodine doping into the frameworks is essential to facilitate the photogenerated electron transfer from the frameworks to TiO2.
The Characterization of Low Renin Hypertension by Plasma Renin Activity and Plasma Aldosterone Concentration* (1978)

Low renin hypertension (LRH) is characterized by suppression of plasma reninactivity (PRA) in the absence of demonstrable hypersecretion of aldosterone. We have investigated the dynamics of PRA and plasma aldosterone (PA) in 10 normal subjects and 12 LRHpatients during 6 h of upright posture on both normal and low sodium diets. Angiotensin Irecovery experiments excluded an inhibitor of either angiotensin I generation or binding to specific antibody which could account for low PRA. LRH patients could be divided into two groups on the basis of their PRA response to sodium depletion and upright posture. Those patients whose PRA never exceeded 3.0 ng/ml/h were assigned to group I. Those whose PRA achieved this level at any time were assigned togroup II. Whereas PRA and PA levels were lower in both group I and group II patients thanin the normal subjects, the ratio ofPA to PRA was consistently higher in LRH group I patients than in normal subjects; this ratio was not significantly different from normal in group II patients. When normal subjects were placed on a high sodium diet (210 mEq), theirPRA and PA levels fell into the range of LRH group II patients on a 110-mEq sodium diet, suggesting that sodium loading can reproduce the hormonalpattern seen in LRH group II patients on a 110-mEq sodium diet. However, PRA in normal subjects was not suppressed to the level of group I patients by this level of sodium intake. These data indicate that whenLRH patients are arbitrarily divided into two groupson the basis of the degree of PRA suppression, a difference in the ratio of PA to PRA is seen between them. In those patientscharacterized by only moderate suppression of PRA, PA concentrations are appropriate to the level of PRA. When the suppression of PRA ismore marked, PA levels are inappropriately elevated. (J Clin Endocrinol Metab46: 189, 1977)
The Intergranular Oxynitride Microstructure in Silicon Nitride Based Ceramics (2007)

This DOI is not currently attached to any metadata records. DOIs can’t actually ever be deleted (they’re persistent), but sometimes our members create DOIs in error. We do have a process to approximate deletion which we follow only in rare cases where the DOI has been genuinely created in error, and most crucially, if the DOI has never been published anywhere online or in print and never otherwise distributed to or communicated with anyone (authors, readers, reviewers, etc.
A model of synchronization over quantum networks (2017)

We investigate a non-Abelian generalization of the Kuramoto model proposed by Lohe and given by $N$ quantum oscillators ("nodes") connected by a quantum network where the wavefunction at each node is distributed over quantum channels to all other connected nodes. It leads to a system of Schr\"odinger equations coupled by nonlinear self-interacting potentials given by their correlations. We give a complete picture of synchronization results, given on the relative size of the natural frequency and the coupling constant, for two non-identical oscillators and show complete phase synchronization for arbitrary $N>2$ identical oscillators. Our results are mainly based on the analysis of the ODE system satisfied by the correlations and on the introduction of a quantum order parameter, which is analogous to the one defined by Kuramoto in the classical model. As a consequence of the previous results, we obtain the synchronization of the probability and the current densities defined via the Madelung transformations.
High intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) for prostate cancer: Current clinical status, outcomes and future perspectives (2010)

Two devices are currently available for the treatment of prostate cancer with HIFU: Sonablate® and Ablatherm®. The outcomes achieved for primary-care patient are very promissing with mid- and long-term progression-free survival rates around 70%, negative postoperative prostate biopsies almost 85%, and an excellent morbidity profile. Moreover, HIFU has a considerable potential for local recurrence after radiation failure. Recently, some early experiences on focal therapy suggest that HIFU could be an excellent option for highly selected patient.
6 Cases of Transient Hyperphosphatasemia of Infancy and Early Childhood (2000)

Sometimes physicians and clinical pathologists find very high levels of alkaline phosphatase(ALP) activity in their patients. This condition is associated with transient, marked increase in serum ALP in healthy infants and children. It has also been described in adults. Clinical and biochemical features of transient hyperphosphatasemia in infancy and early childhood are reviewed in six patients that we have studied. The diagnosis is suggested by findings of increased activity of alkaline phosphatase in plasma, typically more than fivefold the upper reference value for adult, in a child under five years of age, without evidence of liver or bone disease. The condition is confirmed by the presence of a characteristic pattern of alkaline phosphatase isoenzymes and by the normalization of enzyme activity in plasma within approximately six months after the original observation. The etiology of the condition and possible mechanism of the elevated ALP is discussed. (J Korean Pediatr Soc 2000;43:105-110)
A separated feature learning based DBN structure for classification of SSMVEP signals (2017)

Signal processing is one of the key points in brain computer interface (BCI) application. The common methods in BCI signal classification include canonical correlation analysis (CCA), support vector machine (SVM) and so on. However, because BCI signals are very complex and valid signals often come with confounded background noise, many current classification methods would lose meaningful information embedded in human EEGs. Otherwise, due to the huge inter-subject variability with respect to characteristics and patterns of BCI signals, there often exists large difference of classification accuracy among different subjects. Since BCI signals have high dimensionality and multi-channel properties, this paper proposes a novel structure of deep belief neural (DBN) network stacked by restricted boltsman machine (RBM) to extract efficient features from steady-state motion visual evoked potential signals and implement further classification. Here DBN extracts local feature from BCI data of each channel separately and fuses the local features, and then input the fused features to the output classifier which is consist of softmax units. Results proved that the proposed algorithm could achieve higher accuracy and lower inter-subject variability in short response time when compared to conventional CCA method.
Fine morphology of the cuticle surface of Chordodes anthophorus and reinterpretation of C. aquaeductus, C. ferganensis and C. oscillatus (Gordiida Nematomorpha) (2007)

We reinvestigate four species of the genus Chordodes from Central Asia and one from Georgia (Transcaucasian part of former USSR) in order to certify the taxonomic descriptions and verify the species status. By scanning electron microscopy, we demonstrate characteristic cuticular patterns for Chordodes anthophorus. The other three species, C. aquaeductus, C. ferganensis and C. oscillatus are synonymized with C. anthophorus because no differences were detected.
Molecular Electronics: The Drive Force of Electrical Breakdown of Large‐Area Molecular Tunnel Junctions (Adv. Funct. Mater. 28/2018) (2018)

In article number 1801710, Christian A. Nijhuis and co-workers investigate the mechanism of electrical breakdown of molecular tunnel junctions with self-assembled monolayers sandwiched between ultra-flat metal surfaces and liquid metal EGaIn (eutectic alloy of Ga and In). The process of breakdown is dominated by the electromigration of metallic atoms from the electrodes induced by wind force. (Image credit: Harshini V. Annadata).
Microelectrode Recording for Pallidotomy: Mandatory, Beneficial or Dangerous? (2001)

There is an active debate regarding whether pallidotomy should be performed with microelectrode recording or macroelectrode stimulation. A meta-analysis was performed on the published reports (1992-2000) of unilateral pallidotomy for Parkinson's disease to determine if the outcome or complications of this procedure significantly differed between these two techniques. Papers were excluded if they followed a cohort of less than ten patients, had follow-up less than three months, or included previously reported patients. There were no significant differences between the two techniques in improvement of dyskinesia (p = 0.66) or UPDRS motor score (p = 0.62). Microelectrode recording had a significantly higher (p = 0.012) intracerebral hemorrhage rate (1.3 +/- 0.4%) compared to macroelectrode stimulation (0.2 +/- 0.2%).
P‐5: Reduction of Mura Defects by Controlling the Mechanism of NBTIS of Amorphous‐Oxide TFTs (2017)

The experiment results demonstrated that the shift of threshold voltage (Vth), which happened during the NBTIS, can induce the dot mura. Then the mechanism and the improvement of dot mura was discussed. Because the light leakage irradiating onto the active layer would affect the Vth, so the mura can be improved by optimizing the process and the design structure.
Micrometer Scale Adhesion on Nanometer-Scale Patchy Surfaces:  Adhesion Rates, Adhesion Thresholds, and Curvature-Based Selectivity (2007)

Using a model system based on electrostatics, we probe interactions between spherical particles (negative silica) and planar surfaces that present randomly placed discrete attractive regions, 10 nm in size, in a repulsive background (silica flats carrying cationic surface constructs). Experiments measure the adhesion rates of particles onto the patchy collecting surfaces from flowing dispersions, as a function of the surface loading of the attractive patches, for different particle sizes (0.5 and 1 mum diameter spheres) and different ionic strengths. Surfaces densely populated with patches, such that they present net electrostatic attractions to approaching particles, capture particles at the transport-limited (maximum) rate. Surfaces sparsely loaded with attractive patches (which present a repulsive mean field to approaching particles) are usually still adhesive, but the particle adhesion rate depends on particle size, ionic strength, and patch loading. Most significant is an adhesion threshold, a critical density of patches needed to capture particles. This threshold, which occurs at average patch spacings of 30 nm and larger and which can be tuned through ionic strength, comprises the ability of the patchy surfaces to selectively distinguish particles of different sizes or objects of different local curvature or roughness. The observation of such an adhesion threshold implicates spatial fluctuations in patch arrangement. In addition to experiments, this paper develops arguments for lengthscales that govern adhesion rate behavior, comparing particle geometry and fluctuation lengthscales, and then demonstrating qualitative consistency with the localized colloidal potentials involved.
Implementation and performance evaluation of a broadband digital harmonic vector voltmeter (1998)

A broadband digital harmonic vector voltmeter proposed previously and studied theoretically by the authors was implemented using a special-purpose, random sampling strategy, to avoid the bandwidth limitations due to the finite conversion time of the sample-and-hold and analog-to-digital-conversion (S/H-ADC) devices. The experimental results have shown that the bandwidth of the instrument is not limited by the finite conversion time of S/H-ADC devices, since good accuracy can be achieved even when the average sampling frequency is much lower than the signal bandwidth. The amplitude and phase uncertainty, with sinusoidal test signals up to 1 MHz and an average sampling rate of 10 kHz, was found to be lower than 3% and 0.03 rad, respectively. For more careful testing of the broadband performance of our instrument, we also carried out two-frequency, variable order harmonic measurements, which showed good accuracy (amplitude error less than 1.5% and phase error less than 0.03 rad) with harmonics up to 300 kHz. Reasonable accuracy (i.e., sufficient to correctly reconstruct the actual signal waveform) was also found with a highly distorted square-wave signal.
Impermeable Atomic Membranes from Graphene Sheets (2008)

We demonstrate that a monolayer graphene membrane is impermeable to standard gases including helium. By applying a pressure difference across the membrane, we measure both the elastic constants and the mass of a single layer of graphene. This pressurized graphene membrane is the world's thinnest balloon and provides a unique separation barrier between 2 distinct regions that is only one atom thick.
Coevolutionary Analysis Implicates Toll-Like Receptor 9 in Papillomavirus Restriction (2022)

Upon infection, DNA viruses can be sensed by pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), leading to the activation of type I and III interferons to block infection. Therefore, viruses must inhibit these signaling pathways, avoid being detected, or both. Papillomavirus virions are trafficked from early endosomes to the Golgi apparatus and wait for the onset of mitosis to complete nuclear entry. This unique subcellular trafficking strategy avoids detection by cytoplasmic PRRs, a property that may contribute to the establishment of infection. However, as the capsid uncoats within acidic endosomal compartments, the viral DNA may be exposed to detection by Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9). In this study, we characterized two new papillomaviruses from bats and used molecular archeology to demonstrate that their genomes altered their nucleotide compositions to avoid detection by TLR9, providing evidence that TLR9 acts as a PRR during papillomavirus infection. Furthermore, we showed that TLR9, like other components of the innate immune system, is under evolutionary selection in bats, providing the first direct evidence for coevolution between papillomaviruses and their hosts. Finally, we demonstrated that the cancer-associated human papillomaviruses show a reduction in CpG dinucleotides within a TLR9 recognition complex. <b>IMPORTANCE</b> Viruses must avoid detection by the innate immune system. In this study, we characterized two new papillomaviruses from bats and used molecular archeology to demonstrate that their genomes altered their nucleotide compositions to avoid detection by TLR9, providing evidence that TLR9 acts as a PRR during papillomavirus infection. Furthermore, we demonstrated that TLR9, like other components of the innate immune system, is under evolutionary selection in bats, providing the first direct evidence for coevolution between papillomaviruses and their hosts.
A Control Method for Bridgeless Cuk/Sepic PFC Rectifier to Achieve Power Decoupling (2017)

Bulky electrolytic capacitor is usually needed in bridgeless power factor correction rectifiers to buffer the double-frequency ripple power (DFRP). However, it reduces the system reliability and power density significantly. This letter proposed a control method to divert DFRP to the small energy transfer capacitor. Then, the bulky electrolytic capacitor can be replaced with a small film capacitor. The proposed method is realized by making the best of the existing switching states. Therefore, it needs no extra switches or energy storage components, which are usually required in other active power decoupling methods. The operating principle is explained, and a closed-loop control strategy is proposed. Finally, the effectiveness is verified by experimental results.
Multidisciplinary Care for Critical Limb Ischemia: Current Gaps and Opportunities for Improvement (2019)

Critical limb ischemia (CLI), defined as ischemic rest pain or nonhealing ulceration due to arterial insufficiency, represents the most severe and limb-threatening manifestation of peripheral artery disease. A major challenge in the optimal treatment of CLI is that multiple specialties participate in the care of this complex patient population. As a result, the care of patients with CLI is often fragmented, and multidisciplinary societal guidelines have not focused specifically on the care of patients with CLI. Furthermore, multidisciplinary care has the potential to improve patient outcomes, as no single medical specialty addresses all the facets of care necessary to reduce cardiovascular and limb-related morbidity in this complex patient population. This review identifies current gaps in the multidisciplinary care of patients with CLI, with a goal toward increasing disease recognition and timely referral, defining important components of CLI treatment teams, establishing options for revascularization strategies, and identifying best practices for wound care post-revascularization.
A growing family of Notch ligands (1998)

Signaling through Notch-like receptors is an evolutionarily well-conserved mechanism for cell-cell communication. Transmembrane ligands of the DSL (Delta, Serrate, LAG-2) family signal to Notch receptors on a neighboring cell, which results in an intracellular signaling cascade, influencing cellular differentiation. Recently published data shed new light on the repertoire of ligands and on processing of Notch receptors. One report provides evidence for a novel, more distantly related ligand of the Delta-type in mouse, Dll3 (Delta-like 3)1. Ectopic expression of Dll3 perturbs primary neurogenesis in frog embryos in a manner expected for a bona fide Notch ligand. Two reports provide new information about processing of Notch receptors. A novel protease, Kuzbanian, is identified, which cleaves the Notch receptor at the extracellular side2. Biochemical experiments show that the cleavage probably occurs during intracellular trafficking, and that only processed Notch receptors appear at the cell surface3. Taken together, these reports extend our knowledge about an important event in cell-cell communication—how Notch ligands and receptors meet and interact. BioEssays 20:103–107, 1998. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Optically pumped laser oscillation from GaSb/Al0.4Ga0.6Sb grown by molecular beam heteroepitaxy on Si (1986)

Recent developments in heteroepitaxy have made possible the growth of high quality III–V semiconductors on Si substrates offering the possibility of monolithic integration of III–V devices with Si integrated circuits. We report the first heteroepitaxial growth of device-quality strained layer GaSb on 3-in. diam (100) oriented n-doped Si wafers by MBE and describe the operation of optically pumped GaSb lasers having a performance level that is similar to that obtained from layers grown on GaSb substrates.1,2 The layer growth is shown schematically in Fig. 1. A 150-A thick AlSb nucleation layer was grown on the Si with a Sb2 stabilized surface condition at ~ 4 monolayers/min to initiate the growth of the polar III–V on the nonpolar Si. This was followed by a 0.6-μm thick AlSb buffer layer and a 50-period superlattice of alternating 100-Å thick GaSb and AlSb layers grown at rates of 1.0 and 0.6 μm/h, respectively. These layers block or bend away from the surface the dislocations resulting from ~12 % lattice mismatch, leaving the subsequent layers essentially free of dislocations. The lattice dimensions of the GaSb and Al0.4Ga0.6Sb normal to the layers are less than for bulk crystals indicating the layers are strained in the plane of the layers. It is largely due to the difference in thermal contraction of the III–V relative to Si on cooling from the growth temperature. Parts of the wafer were thinned to ~75 μm and cleaved into 254-μm long bars. A Nd:YAG laser emitting 250-ns long pulses at a 100-Hz repetition rate was used as the optical pump.