gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
<title>Stochastic EM algorithm for nonlinear state estimation with model uncertainties</title> (2003)

In most solutions to state estimation problems like, for example, target tracking, it is generally assumed that the state evolution and measurement models are known a priori. The model parameters include process and measurement matrices or functions as well as the corresponding noise statistics. However, there are situations where the model parameters are not known a priori or are known only partially (i.e., with some uncertainty). Moreover, there are situations where the measurement is biased. In these scenarios, standard estimation algorithms like the Kalman &#64257;lter and the extended Kalman Filter (EKF), which assume perfect knowledge of the model parameters, are not accurate. In this paper, the problem with uncertain model parameters is considered as a special case of maximum likelihood estimation with incomplete-data, for which a standard solution called the expectation-maximization (EM) algorithm exists. In this paper a new extension to the EM algorithm is proposed to solve the more general problem of joint state estimation and model parameter identi&#64257;cation for nonlinear systems with possibly non-Gaussian noise. In the expectation (E) step, it is shown that the best variational distribution over the state variables is the conditional <i>posterior distribution</i> of states given all the available measurements and inputs. Therefore, a particular type of particle filter is used to estimate and update the posterior distribution. In the maximization (M) step the nonlinear measurement process parameters are approximated using a nonlinear regression method for adjusting the parameters of a mixture of Gaussians (MofG). The proposed algorithm is used to solve a nonlinear bearing-only tracking problem similar to the one reported recently with uncertain measurement process. It is shown that the algorithm is capable of accurately tracking the state vector while identifying the unknown measurement dynamics. Simulation results show the advantages of the new technique over standard algorithms like the EKF whose performance degrades rapidly in the presence of uncertain models.
IL-10-dependent Tr1 cells attenuate astrocyte activation and ameliorate chronic central nervous system inflammation (2016)

SEE WINGER AND ZAMVIL DOI101093/BRAIN/AWW121 FOR A SCIENTIFIC COMMENTARY ON THIS ARTICLE: The innate immune system plays a central role in the chronic central nervous system inflammation that drives neurological disability in progressive forms of multiple sclerosis, for which there are no effective treatments. The mucosal immune system is a unique tolerogenic organ that provides a physiological approach for the induction of regulatory T cells. Here we report that nasal administration of CD3-specific antibody ameliorates disease in a progressive animal model of multiple sclerosis. This effect is IL-10-dependent and is mediated by the induction of regulatory T cells that share a similar transcriptional profile to Tr1 regulatory cells and that suppress the astrocyte inflammatory transcriptional program. Treatment results in an attenuated inflammatory milieu in the central nervous system, decreased microglia activation, reduced recruitment of peripheral monocytes, stabilization of the blood-brain barrier and less neurodegeneration. These findings suggest a new therapeutic approach for the treatment of progressive forms of multiple sclerosis and potentially other types of chronic central nervous system inflammation.
Surface waves from flexural and compressional resonances of beams (2020)

We present a three-dimensional model describing the propagation of elastic waves in a soil substrate supporting an array of cylindrical beams experiencing flexural and compressional resonances. The resulting surface waves are of two types. In the sagittal plane, hybridized Rayleigh waves can propagate except within bandgaps resulting from a complex interplay between flexural and compressional resonances. We exhibit a wave decoupled from the hybridized Rayleigh wave which is the elastic analogue of electromagnetic spoof plasmon polaritons. This wave with displacements perpendicular to the sagittal plane is sensitive only to flexural resonances. Similar, yet quantitatively different, physics is demonstrated in a two-dimensional setting involving resonances of plates.
Improved description of metal oxide stability: Beyond the random phase approximation with renormalized kernels (2015)

The renormalized adiabatic PBE (rAPBE) method has recently been shown to comprise a significant improvement over the random phase approximation (RPA) for total energy calculations of simple solids and molecules. Here we consider the formation energies of 19 group I and II metal oxides and a few transition-metal oxides. The mean absolute error relative to experiments is 0.21 eV and 0.38 eV per oxygen atom for rAPBE and RPA, respectively, and thus the rAPBE method greatly improves the description of metal-oxygen bonds across a wide range of oxides. The failure of the RPA can be partly attributed to the lack of error cancellation between the correlation energy of the oxide on the one hand and the bulk metal and oxygen molecule on the other hand, which are all separately predicted much too negative by the RPA. We ascribe the improved performance of the rAPBE to its significantly better description of absolute correlation energies which reduces the need for error cancellation. The rAPBE is just one out of an entire class of renormalized exchange-correlation kernels which should be further investigated.
Forces and torques on conducting particle chains (1988)

An expression for the effective dipole moment of a chain of two unequal, conducting spheres with arbitrary orientation to a uniform applied electric field is determined using the method of electrical inversion. This result is used to obtain an expression for the dielectrophoretic force and to calculate the electrical alignment torque. The effective moment of non-contacting and unequal, conducting spheres, aligned parallel to the electric field, is also calculated using the method of images. The results are applicable to the dielectrophoretic collection and alignment of chains of biological cells in electrofusion procedures.
Biomimetic Synthesis of (+)‐Aspergillin PZ (2018)

Abstract The cytochalasans are a large family of polyketide natural products with potent bioactivities. Amongst them, the aspochalasins show particularly intricate and fascinating structures. To gain insight into their structural diversity and innate reactivity, we have developed a rapid synthesis of aspochalasin D, the central member of the family. It proceeded in 13 steps starting from divinyl carbinol and utilized a high pressure Diels–Alder reaction that features high regio‐ and stereoselectivity. So far, our work has culminated in a biomimetic synthesis of aspergillin PZ, an intricate pentacyclic aspochalasan.
A neural network approach to the early detection of cancer. (1994)

Early detection of some cancers (especially of the colon) may be achieved by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy applied to whole blood samples. Analysis by conventional Fourier signal processing techniques of the data so obtained has proved to be unreliable because of noise within the associated spectrum. This paper describes a neural network approach to analysis of the NMR data. At the present time, this method has proved to be highly reliable in differentiating between patients with an without colon cancer.
Early detection of competing resistance mutations using plasma next-generation sequencing (NGS) in patients (pts) with EGFR-mutant NSCLC treated with osimertinib. (2017)

11529 Background: In pts with EGFR+ NSCLC, genotyping of plasma cell-free DNA (cfDNA) has become a routine option for non-invasive detection of EGFRT790M. We hypothesized that serial NGS of cfDNA would allow early detection of co-existent resistance mutations during osimertinib treatment. Methods: Serial plasma samples were collected from pts with advanced EGFR+ NSCLC and T790M+ acquired resistance treated with osimertinib. Up to 4 specimens were analyzed, blinded to tumor genotype: baseline, initial 2 follow-ups, and progression. Plasma NGS was performed using enhanced tagged amplicon sequencing of hotspots and coding regions from 36 genes. Diagnostic accuracy was compared to tumor genotype (including NGS when available) and droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) of cfDNA. Results: 94 specimens from 26 pts underwent plasma NGS. Studying 26 baseline specimens, plasma NGS was more sensitive than ddPCR for known EGFR driver mutations (100% vs 88.5%). In 8 pts with pretreatment tumor NGS, 5 of 6 TP53 mutations were detected; one plasma positive/tissue negative result was seen across 36 genes, a PIK3CA mutation (0.6% AF) which was confirmed using ddPCR (99.6% specificity). Quantitative concordance of AF compared to ddPCR was high (R = 0.94). 21 pts had detectable EGFR driver mutations at resistance. Among 6 pts with maintained T790M, 4 acquired C797S and 2 of these additionally acquired low level KRAS mutations (G13D, Q61K). Among 15 pts with loss of T790M, 7 had competing non- EGFR alterations identified: MET amp, PIK3CA E545K, BRAF V600E (n = 2), HER2 amp, KRAS G12S, and FGFR1 amp. Resistance mutations detected at AF &gt; 0.3% were confirmed with ddPCR. In 3 pts, a competing resistance mutation (1 KRAS, 2 BRAF) could be detected in plasma NGS pretreatment and reemerged as putative drivers at time of resistance. Conclusions: In this retrospective blinded validation, tagged amplicon-based plasma NGS was more sensitive than ddPCR with high specificity and quantitative concordance. In a subset of cases, serial plasma NGS can detect emergence of competing resistance mutations, creating an opportunity for the study of osimertinib-based targeted therapy combinations.
치오황산 암모니움을 사용하여 금광석으로 부터 금의 침출에 관한 연구 (1990)

Ammonium thiosulphate was chosen as lixiviant and various tests were performed to find optimum leaching conditions in extraction of gold from a gold ore. Parameters investigated were pH, temperature, amount of lixiviant, pulp density and stirring rate. Catalytic effect of cupric ion was evaluated. Apparent activation energy of the leaching reaction was found to be 58.4 kJ/㏖ and the rate was controlled by the chemical reaction
Synthesis and characterization of poly(N‐vinylpyrrolidone) filled by monodispersed silver clusters with controlled size (2001)

Abstract Dispersions of very small metal particles in polymeric matrixes are scientifically and technologically important. Here, poly( N ‐vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP) filled with nanometric silver particles characterized by a narrow size distribution and a controlled average dimension has been obtained using a modification of the polyol process. In particular, the nanocomposite material was prepared by reduction of silver nitrate in ethylene glycol in the presence of ultrasound and PVP as a protective agent. The final particle size was controlled by removing the silver–PVP system from the reactive mixture by addition of acetone. The UV–visible spectrum of the material shows a very strong plasmon resonance band centred at 410 nm. The band position depends on the particle size and, consequently, the control of the particle growth process allows one to modulate the nanocomposite absorption wavelength. Such an important characteristic offers the possibility to use Ag–PVP nanocomposites to produce UV‐absorbers and colour filters for advanced optical devices. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.
Craniotomy for Tumor Treatment in an Intraoperative Magnetic Resonance Imaging Unit (1999)

Intraoperative MRI is a revolutionary tool for the surgical treatment of brain tumors, providing observation of the procedure as it is being performed. With intraoperative MRI, tumor resection is safer, the extent of resection can be directly evaluated, and intraoperative complications can be noted if they occur. Outcomes after resection depend on minimizing injury to normal brain tissue and achieving maximal tumor resection. The use of intraoperative MRI directly affects these factors.
A Transcriptomic Biomarker to Quantify Systemic Inflammation in Sepsis — A Prospective Multicenter Phase II Diagnostic Study (2016)

Development of a dysregulated immune response discriminates sepsis from uncomplicated infection. Currently used biomarkers fail to describe simultaneously occurring pro- and anti-inflammatory responses potentially amenable to therapy. Marker candidates were screened by microarray and, after transfer to a platform allowing point-of-care testing, validated in a confirmation set of 246 medical and surgical patients. We identified up-regulated pathways reflecting innate effector mechanisms, while down-regulated pathways related to adaptive lymphocyte functions. A panel of markers composed of three up- (Toll-like receptor 5; Protectin; Clusterin) and 4 down-regulated transcripts (Fibrinogen-like 2; Interleukin-7 receptor; Major histocompatibility complex class II, DP alpha1; Carboxypeptidase, vitellogenic-like) described the magnitude of immune alterations. The created gene expression score was significantly greater in patients with definite as well as with possible/probable infection than with no infection (median (Q25/Q75): 80 (60/101)) and 81 (58/97 vs. 49 (27/66), AUC-ROC=0.812 (95%-CI 0.755-0.869), p<0.0001). Down-regulated lymphocyte markers were associated with prognosis with good sensitivity but limited specificity. Quantifying systemic inflammation by assessment of both pro- and anti-inflammatory innate and adaptive immune responses provides a novel option to identify patients-at-risk and may facilitate immune interventions in sepsis.
Progress in phosphors and filters for luminescent solar concentrators (2012)

Luminescent solar concentrators would allow for high concentration if losses by reabsorption and escape could be minimized. We introduce a phosphor with close-to-optimal luminescent properties and hardly any reabsorption. A problem for use in a luminescent concentrator is the large scattering of this material; we discuss possible solutions for this. Furthermore, the use of broad-band cholesteric filters to prevent escape of luminescent radiation from this phosphor is investigated both experimentally and using simulations. Simulations are also used to predict the ultimate performance of luminescent concentrators.
Avanços e dificuldades na implantação da informática no Judiciário brasileiro (2018)

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Extracellular Vesicles: A New Source of Biomarkers in Pediatric Solid Tumors? A Systematic Review (2022)

Virtually every cell in the body releases extracellular vesicles (EVs), the contents of which can provide a "fingerprint" of their cellular origin. EVs are present in all bodily fluids and can be obtained using minimally invasive techniques. Thus, EVs can provide a promising source of diagnostic, prognostic, and predictive biomarkers, particularly in the context of cancer. Despite advances using EVs as biomarkers in adult cancers, little is known regarding their use in pediatric cancers. In this review, we provide an overview of published clinical and <i>in vitro</i> studies in order to assess the potential of using EV-derived biomarkers in pediatric solid tumors. We performed a systematic literature search, which yielded studies regarding desmoplastic small round cell tumor, hepatoblastoma, neuroblastoma, osteosarcoma, and rhabdomyosarcoma. We then determined the extent to which the <i>in vivo</i> findings are supported by <i>in vitro</i> data, and vice versa. We also critically evaluated the clinical studies using the GRADE (Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation) system, and we evaluated the purification and characterization of EVs in both the <i>in vivo</i> and <i>in vitro</i> studies in accordance with MISEV guidelines, yielding EV-TRACK and PedEV scores. We found that several studies identified similar miRNAs in overlapping and distinct tumor entities, indicating the potential for EV-derived biomarkers. However, most studies regarding EV-based biomarkers in pediatric solid tumors lack a standardized system of reporting their EV purification and characterization methods, as well as validation in an independent cohort, which are needed in order to bring EV-based biomarkers to the clinic.
Determination of a novel phosphodiesterase4 inhibitor, 3‐[1‐(3cyclopropylmethoxy‐4‐difluoromethoxybenzyl)‐1H‐pyrazol‐3‐yl]‐benzoic acid (PDE‐423) in rat plasma using liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (2014)

A method for determining a novel phosphodiesterase-4 inhibitor, 3-[1-(3cyclopropylmethoxy-4-difluoromethoxybenzyl)-1H-pyrazol-3-yl]-benzoic acid (PDE-423), in rat plasma was developed and validated using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry for further pharmacokinetic study for development as a novel anti-asthmatic drug. PDE-423 in the concentration range of 0.02-10 µg/mL was linear with a correlation coefficient of >0.99, and the mean intra- and inter-assay precisions of the assay were 7.50 and 3.86%, respectively. The validated method was used successfully for a pharmacokinetic study of PDE-423 in rats.
Electroporation: An Avenue for Transdermal Drug Delivery (2010)

The stratum corneum (SC) is a primary rate limiting barrier to permeation of drug molecules through the skin. Small molecular weight lipophilic drugs that are effective at low doses can be effectively delivered by passive transdermal delivery. The SC does not permit passage of polar/hydrophilic and macromolecules. Passive and physical penetration enhancements strategies are used to overcome this barrier property of the SC. Passive penetration enhancement techniques include use of supersaturated solutions and penetration enhancers. In general, the drug delivery potential of chemical modalities is limited. Therefore, physical permeation enhancement techniques gained a lot of focus in the recent past. Physical penetration enhancement techniques include iontophoresis, electroporation and sonophoresis. Electroporation utilizes high voltage pulses that are applied for a very short time to permeabilize the skin to facilitate transport of macromolecules and hydrophilic compounds. Several drugs have been administered via this system successfully. This review presents an overview of in-vitro and in-vivo studies demonstrating therapeutic benefits offered by electroporation assisted permeation. Factors affecting electroporation, synergism between electroporation and other penetration enhancing strategies are also discussed.
The Pathogenesis of the Antiphospholipid Syndrome (2013)

The antiphospholipid syndrome is a prothrombotic disorder associated with autoantibodies. It is associated with obstetrical complications (mainly spontaneous abortion) as well as venous and arterial thrombotic risks. Insights into disease mechanisms have led to new therapies.
Serologic control against hepatitis B virus among dental students of the University of Granada, Spain (2015)

About 70% of dental students vaccinated as pre-adolescents had serologic evidence of protection against HBV. Administering a booster is associated with the presence of an excellent immune memory. There is clearly a need to reinforce control of the antibody levels in groups at risk, such as Dentistry students.
Impact of new technologies and experience on procedural aspects of surgical aortic valve replacement – a process analysis (2017)

Placing and tying sutures in the prostheses accounts for over half (50.8%) of AOx during isolated SAVR. Experienced surgeons have significantly reduced AOx. This shortening is equally distributed between all five procedural steps.
The Description and Laboratory Cultivation of Arcyria Elaterensis , A New Species of Myxomycetes (1977)

SUMMARYArcyria elaterensis was obtained from horse dung in a moist chamber culture and is described as a new species. It is characterized by the presence of both elaters and netted capillitium with faint spiral ornamentations. The species is only the third known in the genus to have completed its life cycle in agar culture.
Experimental and clinical study of the figure-of-eight wiring for fracture of the olecranon, patella and other bones. Crossed double figure-of-eight wiring. (1985)

The authors have designed the crossed, double figure-of-eight wiring (CD-8 wiring), which was compared physically with other types of wiring, and it was confirmed that the method designed was the strongest. Operative procedure is as simple as the ordinary figure-of-eight wiring and a firm fixation of the fragments is secured. The authors recommend CD-8 wiring for treatment of fractures, for which figure-of-eight wiring would originally be indicated.
Ultrahigh sensitivity and layer-dependent sensing performance of phosphorene-based gas sensors (2015)

Two-dimensional (2D) layered materials have attracted significant attention for device applications because of their unique structures and outstanding properties. Here, a field-effect transistor (FET) sensor device is fabricated based on 2D phosphorene nanosheets (PNSs). The PNS sensor exhibits an ultrahigh sensitivity to NO2 in dry air and the sensitivity is dependent on its thickness. A maximum response is observed for 4.8-nm-thick PNS, with a sensitivity up to 190% at 20 parts per billion (p.p.b.) at room temperature. First-principles calculations combined with the statistical thermodynamics modelling predict that the adsorption density is ∼10(15) cm(-2) for the 4.8-nm-thick PNS when exposed to 20 p.p.b. NO2 at 300 K. Our sensitivity modelling further suggests that the dependence of sensitivity on the PNS thickness is dictated by the band gap for thinner sheets (<10 nm) and by the effective thickness on gas adsorption for thicker sheets (>10 nm).
Closed-loop ultrasonic power and communication with multiple miniaturized active implantable medical devices (2017)

Networks of miniaturized implantable medical devices (IMDs) capable of operating deep in the body are crucial for many novel diagnostic and therapeutic applications. An external portable base station to power, coordinate, and communicate with IMDs can enable these networks. Ultrasonic (US) wireless power transfer is utilized to shrink device dimensions, raise available power, and increase operation depth due to its small wavelength and low attenuation in the body. Building on previous demonstrations of US-powered IMDs for neuromodulation and active communication, we investigate and design an US linear array base station to interface with multiple implants. This allows for programmable focusing for multi-access control and higher power transfer efficiency (PTE), as well as bidirectional communication for closed-loop operation.