gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Mediation Challenges and Socio-Technical Gaps for Explainable Deep Learning Applications (2019)

The presumed data owners' right to explanations brought about by the General Data Protection Regulation in Europe has shed light on the social challenges of explainable artificial intelligence (XAI). In this paper, we present a case study with Deep Learning (DL) experts from a research and development laboratory focused on the delivery of industrial-strength AI technologies. Our aim was to investigate the social meaning (i.e. meaning to others) that DL experts assign to what they do, given a richly contextualized and familiar domain of application. Using qualitative research techniques to collect and analyze empirical data, our study has shown that participating DL experts did not spontaneously engage into considerations about the social meaning of machine learning models that they build. Moreover, when explicitly stimulated to do so, these experts expressed expectations that, with real-world DL application, there will be available mediators to bridge the gap between technical meanings that drive DL work, and social meanings that AI technology users assign to it. We concluded that current research incentives and values guiding the participants' scientific interests and conduct are at odds with those required to face some of the scientific challenges involved in advancing XAI, and thus responding to the alleged data owners' right to explanations or similar societal demands emerging from current debates. As a concrete contribution to mitigate what seems to be a more general problem, we propose three preliminary XAI Mediation Challenges with the potential to bring together technical and social meanings of DL applications, as well as to foster much needed interdisciplinary collaboration among AI and the Social Sciences researchers.
LncBook: a curated knowledgebase of human long non-coding RNAs (2018)

Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have significant functions in a wide range of important biological processes. Although the number of known human lncRNAs has dramatically increased, they are poorly annotated, posing great challenges for better understanding their functional significance and elucidating their complex functioning molecular mechanisms. Here, we present LncBook (http://bigd.big. ac.cn/lncbook), a curated knowledgebase of human lncRNAs that features a comprehensive collection of human lncRNAs and systematic curation of lncRNAs by multi-omics data integration, functional annotation and disease association. In the present version, LncBook houses a large number of 270 044 lncR-NAs and includes 1867 featured lncRNAs with 3762 lncRNA-function associations. It also integrates an abundance of multi-omics data from expression, methylation, genome variation and lncRNA-miRNA interaction. Also, LncBook incorporates 3772 experimentally validated lncRNA-disease associations and further identifies a total of 97 998 lncRNAs that are putatively disease-associated. Collectively, LncBook is dedicated to the integration and curation of human lncRNAs as well as their associated data and thus bears great promise to serve as a valuable knowledgebase for worldwide research communities.
Preconcentrator-based sensor Âµ-system for low-level benzene detection (2008)

In this paper, a preconcentrator-based sensor &mgr;-system for low level benzene detection is presented. It consists of a spiral-shaped &mgr;-reconcentrator with dimensions of 10cm × 300&mgr;m × 300&mgr;m, followed by a &mgr;-hotplate sensor matrix. The &mgr;-preconcentrator was fabricated on a silicon wafer by means of DRIE and anodic bonding techniques. To obtain the concentration factor of the fabricated devices, a GC/MS: Shimadzu-QP5000 equipment was used. The results obtained showed excellent repeatability and preconcentration factors up to 286. A considerable improvement (1500%) in the sensor responses was achieved with Pd doped SnO2 sensors. The small size of the manufactured devices enables their incorporation in an integrated GC/MS gas sensor system.
Trial in progress abstract phase I trial of 5-aza-4’-thio-2’-deoxycytidine (Aza-TdC) in patients with advanced solid tumors. (2019)

TPS3148 Background: The nucleoside analog 5-aza-4’-thio-2’-deoxycytidine (Aza-TdC) inhibits DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1), a methyltransferase involved in methylation-mediated silencing of tumor suppressor genes. Attenuation of DNA methylation via DNMT1 inhibitors results in reactivation of silenced tumor suppressor genes and can lead to tumor growth arrest and apoptosis. The DNMT1 inhibitors decitabine and 5-azacytdine are currently FDA-approved for use in myelodysplastic syndromes and are also used in patients with acute myeloid leukemia. Relative to these compounds, Aza-TdC exhibits enhanced stability and incorporation into DNA and has shown improved preclinical antitumor activity in both leukemia and solid tumor xenograft models. This study seeks to evaluate the safety and maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of oral Aza-TdC in patients with advanced solid tumors. Secondary study objectives include assessing objective response by RECIST 1.1, pharmacokinetic (PK) analysis, and examining re-expression of tumor suppressor genes inhibited by methylation in circulating tumor cells (CTCs). Methods: Patients are treated with Aza-TdC on days 1-5 and 8-12 of each 21-day cycle. The study follows Simon accelerated titration design 3, with 100% dose increments and 1 patient per dose level. Accelerated titration will continue until 1 patient experiences a dose-limiting toxicity (DLT) or 2 patients experience drug-related grade 2 toxicity at any dose level, after which, a 3 + 3 dose escalation design will be used. Blood samples are collected for PK and CTC analyses. An MTD expansion cohort is planned, in which tumor biopsies will be collected for further pharmacodynamic assessments. Patients included in this study must be ≥18 years old and have histologically documented solid tumors that have progressed on standard therapy and for which there is no other standard therapy available. Dose level 3 has been completed without any DLTs; enrollment to dose level 4 began in February 2019. Funded by NCI Contract No. HHSN261200800001E. Clinical trial information: NCT03366116.
Maternal Utero-Placental Perfusion Discordance in Monochorionic-Diamniotic Twin Pregnancies with Selective Growth Restriction Assessed by Three-Dimensional Power Doppler Ultrasound (2020)

BACKGROUND:The aim of this study was to assess the correlation between selective growth restriction (sGR) and co-twin utero-placental perfusion discordance by using three-dimensional power Doppler (3DPD). MATERIAL AND METHODS:We prospectively recruited 60 sGR and 64 normal monochorionic-diamniotic (MCDA) twin pregnancies. Vascularization index (VI), flow index (FI), and vascularization flow index (VFI) were assessed by 3DPD, while umbilical artery pulsatility index (UA-PI), middle cerebral artery peak systolic velocity (MCA-PSV), pulsatility index (MCA-PI), and cerebroplacental ratio (CPR) were assessed by conventional Doppler imaging. RESULTS:In sGR co-twins, the VI, FI, VFI, MCA-PI, and CPR were significantly lower, while the UA-PI and MCA-PSV were significantly greater, in the smaller fetuses compared with the larger fetuses; significant differences were also observed in the VI, FI, VFI, CPR, and UA-PI in normal co-twins. Compared with the appropriately grown twins, the discordances of the VI, FI, VFI, UA-PI, MCA-PI, and CPR were increased in the sGR cohort. The discordances of the VI, FI, VFI, UA-PI, MCA-PI, and CPR were associated with birthweight discordance, and the FI discordance and CPR discordance were independently associated with sGR. The combination of the FI and CPR discordance showed a higher predictive accuracy for sGR, with an area under the ROC curve of 0.813, and a sensitivity and specificity of 68.33% and 85.94%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS:MCDA twin pregnancies with birthweight discordance presented utero-placental perfusion deterioration assessed by 3DPD prior to sGR diagnosis. Co-twin utero-placental perfusion discordance was significantly correlated with growth discordance, and this correlation was more predictive of sGR when 3DPD was combined with conventional Doppler imaging.
Nitrite-induced protein polymerization : some evidence for tyrosine contribution to the formation of intermolecular bonds in bovine serum albumin treated with nitrite (1992)

Dans des milieux comme la viande, le nitrite participe a une multiplicite de reactions chimiques. Seule une faible proportion des produits de reaction a pu etre identifiee. Les etudes sur des modeles nitrite-acides amines ont mis en evidence la formation de derives transitoires qui donnent naissance a des produits de consensation. Le travail a pour but de rechercher si les reactions de condensation observees avec les acides amines peuvent se produire egalement entre chaines peptidiques. Realisees sur la SAB, les reactions sont conduites a pH 5,6 et 1 et a des temperatures de 20°C et 70°C. Les modifications sont recherchees par electrophorese et chromatographie d'exclusion
Preparation, degradation, and calcification of biodegradable polyurethane foams for bone graft substitutes (2003)

Autogenous cancellous bone graft is used to heal critical-size segmental long bone defects and defects in the maxillofacial skeleton. Harvesting of bone graft is traumatic, causes morbidity of the donor site, and often results in complications. Thus, there is a need for new biologically functional bone graft substitutes that, instead of autogenous bone graft, could be used to facilitate bone regeneration in critical-size defects. Porous biodegradable elastomeric polyurethane scaffolds combined with the patient's own bone marrow could potentially be such bone substitutes. The elastomeric bone substitute prevents shear forces at the interface between bone and rigid, e.g., ceramic bone substitutes and establishes an intimate contact with the native bone ends, thus facilitating the proliferation of osteogenic cells and bone regeneration. Crosslinked 3D biodegradable polyurethane scaffolds (foams) with controlled hydrophilicity for bone graft substitutes were synthesized from biocompatible reactants. The scaffolds had hydrophilic-to-hydrophobic content ratios of 70:30, 50:50, and 30:70. The reactants used were hexamethylene diisocyanate, poly(ethylene oxide) diol (MW = 600) (hydrophilic component), and poly(epsilon-caprolactone) diol (M(w) = 2000), amine-based polyol (M(w) = 515) or sucrose-based polyol (M(w) = 445) (hydrophobic component), water as the chain extender and foaming agent, and stannous octoate, dibutyltin dilaurate, ferric acetylacetonate, and zinc octoate as catalysts. Citric acid was used as a calcium complexing agent, calcium carbonate, glycerol phosphate calcium salt, and hydroxyapatite were used as inorganic fillers, and lecithin or solutions of vitamin D(3) were used as surfactants. The scaffolds had an open-pore structure with pores whose size and geometry depended on the material's chemical composition. The compressive strengths of the scaffolds were in the range of 4-340 kPa and the compressive moduli in the range of 9-1960 kPa, the values of which increased with increasing content of polycaprolactone. Of the two materials with the same amount of polycaprolactone the compressive strengths and moduli were higher for the one containing inorganic fillers. The scaffolds absorbed water and underwent controlled degradation in vitro. The amount of absorbed water and susceptibility to degradation increased with the increasing content of the polyethylene oxide segment in the polymer chain and the presence in the material of calcium complexing moiety. All polyurethane scaffolds induced the deposition of calcium phosphate crystals, the structure and calcium:phosphorus atomic ratio of which depended on the chemical composition of the polyurethane and varied from 1.52-2.0.
Release of Liposome-Encapsulated Calcein from Liposome Entrapping Gelatin-Carboxymethylcellulose Films: A Presentation of Different Possibilities (2008)

Liposome entrapment in films consisting of gelatin (GEL) or GEL/sodium carboxymethylcellulose (NaCMC) mixtures, as a method to alter drug release kinetics from polymeric films and/or incorporate sensitive bioactive molecules in solid films, was investigated. Bulk or thin complex (liposome trapping) films were formed by crosslinking (with glutaraldehyde) solutions of GEL or GEL/NaCMC in presence of calcein-encapsulating or rhodamine-labeled liposomes (Rho-Lip). Rho-Lip were observed by confocal microscopy to be homogenously distributed in the films. Calcein release from films was evaluated for periods up to 25 d, and it was found that several possibilities, concerning the release of the liposome-encapsulated molecule from the films, are offered; (i) Release can be sustained, if large liposomes are entrapped in the films. In this case the liposome-encapsulated molecules are released from the films only after they have been released from the vesicles, and the release can be controlled by modifying the film composition, the network density and/or the film geometry. (ii) Intact small unilamellar liposomes (SUV) can be released from the polymeric films depending on their swelling degree. The later can be controlled by modulating the film composition and amount of crosslinker. Film composition also affects the integrity of the film-entrapped liposomes during the crosslinking process, possibly due its effect on the density of the polymeric network of the film.
O contexto escolar dialogando com microterritorialidades urbanas: possibilidades includentes (2012)

This article discusses some thoughts about two important conceptual approaches within the context of school: daily life and micro territoriality.Those concepts can be used to understand the socio-spatial organization in and with the space and how they contribute to the development and construction of knowledge as well as practices of individuals and social spaces.It presents a discussion about the school role and Geography teaching following the logic which tries to confront the standardization and generalization of contents, practices and concepts.This research aims to place, from students' eyes, other perspectives on the spatial dynamics, specifi cally under different forms of urban space sociability, from their own experience with and in the space, all in an attempt of a dialogue with their own knowledge and to enable different forms of participation in society.
Characterization of coreless printed circuit board (PCB) transformers (2000)

In this paper, coreless printed-circuit-board transformers are characterized. A range of coreless printed circuit board (PCB) transformers with different geometric parameters have been fabricated and tested. Based on a recently reported analytic method, the self inductance of these transformers is calculated. This analytical method is also extended to cover the prediction of the transformers' mutual inductance. All calculated parameters have been confirmed with measurements for the frequency range from 100 kHz to 30 MHz. These results provide useful information for the optimal design of coreless PCB transformers.
Control of posture and trajectory for a rat-like robot interacting with multiple real rats (2014)

In the past we achieved to use a rat-like robot and a single rat to develop Animal Models of Mental Disorder (AMMDs) through stress exposure. However, to simulate the real social environment, we use a rat-like robot composed of multiple links to chase a specific rat (target) in a group of rats (outside observers). In this paper, we aim to develop a real-time control system for a multi-link robot surrounded by multiple rats. A virtual impedance model was adopted to generate posture and trajectory for a multi-link robot named WR-5. With the analysis of virtual forces/moments acting on WR-5 based on the model, corresponding dynamic equations can be obtained to control the motion of WR-5. Simulation results show that the head of WR-5 can accurately direct a target object in the following test. After conducting experiments with three rat subjects (a target rat, two outside observers), the output results suggest that the head and body gesture of WR-5 achieves to follow the target in real-time. Meanwhile, the control system allows real-time avoidance of the moving outside observers during interaction.
Randomised trial of first-line bronchial artery embolisation for non-severe haemoptysis of mild abundance (2021)

NCT01278199.
Flowering Phenology and Pollination Systems Diversity in the Seasonal Dry Forest (2004)

This chapter focuses on plant reproduction in the seasonal dry forest of Costa Rica. It discusses flowering phenology and pollination systems in the dry forest and compares the diversity with that of other tropical forests. It also discusses future studies and applications to conserve pollinator populations.
Bounded latency scheduling scheme for ATM cells (2003)

Scheduling ATM cells schemes for an (optical) ATM switch can dramatically influence the performance of the ATM communication network. We present an efficient scheduling that is based on perfect bipartite matching. The algorithm ensures fairness, providing a guaranteed latency bound for each arriving cell.
Effects of vatinoxan on cardiorespiratory function and gastrointestinal motility during constant‐rate medetomidine infusion in standing horses (2019)

Vatinoxan administered i.v. with a loading dose of medetomidine improved cardiovascular function and gastrointestinal motility during medetomidine CRI in healthy horses. Sedation was slightly yet significantly reduced during the first 20 min.. The Summary is available in Portuguese - see Supporting Information.
Antibodies to Coronavirus OC 43 strain in the population of North-Eastern Hungary. (1983)

Monthly 120 serum samples were collected from healthy and clinically ill residents of North-Eastern Hungary in the years 1980 and 1981. Haemagglutination-inhibiting antibody to the strain Coronavirus OC 43 was detected in 58% of the 2881 samples. The rate of positive sera was the lowest, 23%, between 7 and 11 months of age and reached the peak of 70% between 15 and 19 years. It did not rise further with age. Paired sera was tested from 405 patients suffering from various diseases. A titre rise was shown in 23 patients; 12 of these were suffering from acute respiratory disease, another 7 showed simultaneous exacerbation of bronchial asthma or spastic bronchitis.
Origins of recently gained introns in Caenorhabditis (2004)

The genomes of the nematodes Caenorhabditis elegans and Caenorhabditis briggsae both contain approximately 100,000 introns, of which >6,000 are unique to one or the other species. To study the origins of new introns, we used a conservative method involving phylogenetic comparisons to animal orthologs and nematode paralogs to identify cases where an intron content difference between C. elegans and C. briggsae was caused by intron insertion rather than deletion. We identified 81 recently gained introns in C. elegans and 41 in C. briggsae. Novel introns have a stronger exon splice site consensus sequence than the general population of introns and show the same preference for phase 0 sites in codons over phases 1 and 2. More of the novel introns are inserted in genes that are expressed in the C. elegans germ line than expected by chance. Thirteen of the 122 gained introns are in genes whose protein products function in premRNA processing, including three gains in the gene for spliceosomal protein SF3B1 and two in the nonsense-mediated decay gene smg-2. Twenty-eight novel introns have significant DNA sequence identity to other introns, including three that are similar to other introns in the same gene. All of these similarities involve minisatellites or palindromes in the intron sequences. Our results suggest that at least some of the intron gains were caused by reverse splicing of a preexisting intron.
Abnormal Colon Polyp Image Synthesis Using Conditional Adversarial Networks for Improved Detection Performance (2018)

One of the major obstacles in automatic polyp detection during colonoscopy is the lack of labeled polyp training images. In this paper, we propose a framework of conditional adversarial networks to increase the number of training samples by generating synthetic polyp images. Using a normal binary form of polyp mask which represents only the polyp position as an input conditioned image, realistic polyp image generation is a difficult task in a generative adversarial networks approach. We propose an edge filtering-based combined input conditioned image to train our proposed networks. This enables realistic polyp image generations while maintaining the original structures of the colonoscopy image frames. More importantly, our proposed framework generates synthetic polyp images from normal colonoscopy images which have the advantage of being relatively easy to obtain. The network architecture is based on the use of multiple dilated convolutions in each encoding part of our generator network to consider large receptive fields and avoid much contractions of a feature map size. An image resizing with convolution for upsampling in the decoding layers is considered to prevent artifacts on generated images. We show that the generated polyp images are not only qualitatively realistic, but also help to improve polyp detection performance.
Brief Report: Progression of Atherosclerosis in HIV-Infected Individuals—Prospective Data From an Asian Cohort (2017)

Asian HIV-infected individuals had atherosclerosis progression. Limb fat percentage, LDL cholesterol particle size, and adiponectin level may identify at-risk Asian HIV-infected individuals for early intervention.
Conductive interconnections through thick silicon substrates for 3D packaging (2003)

We have developed key technologies to form conductive interconnections through a thick silicon substrate, which are potentially applied for 3D device fabrication or packaging of optical MEMS devices. In this paper, we demonstrate to form metal filled Through-Holes (THs) in thick Silicon (Si) substrates (t=/spl sim/500 /spl mu/m) mainly using Photo Assisted Electro-Chemical Etching (PAECE) and Molten Metal Suctioned Method (MMSM). The THs that we experimentally made with these technologies had 15 /spl mu/m in the diameter and the aspect ratio of 35. And the maximum density was 500 THs/cm/sup 2/. The dielectric breakdown voltage of the THs was more than 500 V. In the result of a radioisotope leak test using Kr-85, the leakage rate of THs between the front and the back of the substrate was lower than the detection limit (1 /spl times/ 10/sup -15/ Pa/spl middot/m/sup 3//sec.).
Interactive theatre experience in embodied + wearable mixed reality space (2003)

This paper presents an interactive theatre based on an embodied mixed reality space and wearable computers. Embodied computing mixed reality spaces integrate ubiquitous computing, tangible interaction and social computing within a mixed reality space, which enables intuitive interaction with physical world and virtual world. We believe it has potential advantages to support novel interactive theatre experiences. Therefore, we explored the novel interactive theatre experience supported in the embodied mixed reality space, and implemented live 3D characters to interact with user in such a system.
Unattended Dual Current Monitor (UDCM) Unattended Multiplicity Shift Register (UMSR) FY19 Summary Report (2019)

In FY19 LANL was funded to complete the user manuals for both the UDCM and the UMSR. LANL was also funded to add auto-ranging functionality to the UDCM. At mid-year, additional funding was obtained to modify the firmware to run an on board server making it compatible with the IAEA RAINSTORM data communications protocol.