gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
New Drugs for the Treatment of Parkinson's Disease (2000)

Since the introduction of levodopa to treat Parkinson's disease (PD), several new therapies have been directed at improving symptom control, which can decline after a few years of levodopa therapy. Dopaminergic agents can serve as adjuncts or as alternatives to levodopa. In addition, a new class of drugs, catechol-O-methyltransferase inhibitors, can extend the duration of levodopa action. Although surgical options such as pallidotomy offer improvement of parkinsonism beyond the realm of pharmacologic treatment, judicious administration of drugs in combination can generally solve most problems of PD.
On the characterization of limit cycle modes in oversampled data converters (2010)

This paper studies the appearance of periodic and quazi-periodic modes, denoted as limit cycles, in the operation of closed-loop oversampled data converters. It demonstrates that the properties of these limit cycles are largely determined by the parameterization of the system loop filter, the amplitudes and the frequencies of the applied input signals, and the applied sampling frequency. For the analysis, quantization in amplitude and quantization in time are seen as separate functions. The quantizer is represented with sampled describing functions and a quazi-linear time-variant model for the loop operation is introduced and illustrated with simulation examples.
MKK1 and MKK2 , Which Encode Saccharomyces cerevisiae Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase-Kinase Homologs, Function in the Pathway Mediated by Protein Kinase C (1993)

The PKC1 gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae encodes a homolog of mammalian protein kinase C that is required for normal growth and division of yeast cells. We report here the isolation of the yeast MKK1 and MKK2 (for mitogen-activated protein [MAP] kinase-kinase) genes which, when overexpressed, suppress the cell lysis defect of a temperature-sensitive pkc1 mutant. The MKK genes encode protein kinases most similar to the STE7 product of S. cerevisiae, the byr1 product of Schizosaccharomyces pombe, and vertebrate MAP kinase-kinases. Deletion of either MKK gene alone did not cause any apparent phenotypic defects, but deletion of both MKK1 and MKK2 resulted in a temperature-sensitive cell lysis defect that was suppressed by osmotic stabilizers. This phenotypic defect is similar to that associated with deletion of the BCK1 gene, which is thought to function in the pathway mediated by PCK1. The BCK1 gene also encodes a predicted protein kinase. Overexpression of MKK1 suppressed the growth defect caused by deletion of BCK1, whereas an activated allele of BCK1 (BCK1-20) did not suppress the defect of the mkk1 mkk2 double disruption. Furthermore, overexpression of MPK1, which encodes a protein kinase closely related to vertebrate MAP kinases, suppressed the defect of the mkk1 mkk2 double mutant. These results suggest that MKK1 and MKK2 function in a signal transduction pathway involving the protein kinases encoded by PKC1, BCK1, and MPK1. Genetic epistasis experiments indicated that the site of action for MKK1 and MKK2 is between BCK1 and MPK1.
Does iron chelation by eumelanin contribute to the ethnic link with maternal mortality? (2022)

Significant disparities in maternal mortality between white and black mothers have been noted for over 80 years and remain an extremely serious problem. Black women are still four times more likely than white women to die in pregnancy or childbirth in the UK [1].
Tungsten Surface Modification After Irradiation at the GOL-3 (2014)

Experimental study of tungsten surface after irradiation by a hot plasma stream at the multiple-mirror trap GOL-3 was carried out. Tungsten samples were preheated up to that should emulate a first wall heating by a steady plasma flux from a confinement zone. Targets with different initial temperature (from room temperature up to 500° C) were irradiated in the magnetic field 0.1 T with plasma loads on surface 1 MJ/m per shot with sets of 10 repetitive irradiations. At the GOL-3 plasma heated up to the temperature ~1 keV by powerful e-beam. Plasma stream in exit unit used for material interaction consists of wide spectrum of electrons (up to 1 MeV) [1]. Modification of targets surfaces and transverse microsections after the irradiation was studied by SEM, optical microscopy and hardness tester. Formation of major crack networks on a tungsten surface with typical cell sizes of ~1 mm was previously demonstrated at room temperature [2], but at the preheated targets these crack networks are absent. Formation of bubbles demonstrated opposite dependence: bubbles are formed on preheated surfaces and absent at room temperature. Different targets were grinded in different direction before irradiations. Orientation of major crack nets correlates with the direction of machining of samples. Formation of craters caused by dust particle impacts was demonstrated. The work was financially supported by Russian Ministry of Education and Science, Presidium RAS Project 30.
Post-Modification of Copolymers Obtained by ATRP for an Application in Heterogeneous Asymmetric Salen Catalysis (2022)

Copolymers are valuable supports for obtaining heterogeneous catalysts that allow their recycling and therefore substantial savings, particularly in the field of asymmetric catalysis. This contribution reports the use of two comonomers: Azido-3-propylmethacrylate (AZMA) bearing a reactive azide function was associated with 2-methoxyethyl methacrylate (MEMA), used as a spacer, for the ATRP synthesis of copolymers, and then post-functionalized with a propargyl chromium salen complex. The controlled homopolymerization of MEMA by ATRP was firstly described and proved to be more controlled in molar mass than that of AZMA for conversions up to 63%. The ATRP copolymerization of both monomers made it possible to control the molar masses and the composition, with nevertheless a slight increase in the dispersity (from 1.05 to 1.3) when the incorporation ratio of AZMA increased from 10 to 50 mol%. These copolymers were post-functionalized with chromium salen units by click chemistry and their activity was evaluated in the asymmetric ring opening of cyclohexene oxide with trimethylsilyl azide. At an equal catalytic ratio, a significant increase in enantioselectivity was obtained by using the copolymer containing the largest part of salen units, probably allowing, in this case, the more favorable bimetallic activation of both the engaged nucleophile and electrophile. Moreover, the catalytic polymer was recovered by simple filtration and re-engaged in subsequent catalytic runs, up to seven times, without loss of activity or selectivity.
ChemInform Abstract: AMINOMERCURATION. XIII. ALLENE AMINATION (1976)

Abstract Durch Umsetzung des Allens (I) mit Anilin und Quecksilber(II)‐acetat sowie anschließende Entmetallierung der Organo‐Quecksilberverbindung (III) erhält man das ungesättigte Amin (IV).
Prevalence of chronic pain in opioid-maintained patients using the capture–recapture method: a nationwide population-based study (2020)

Few studies all based on classical surveys have provided prevalence estimates of chronic pain (CP) in opioid-maintained patients (OMPs) but often had a limited patient sample size and a great variability in the prevalence estimates. This study sought to assess the prevalence of CP in the exhaustive population of OMPs using the capture-recapture method applied to the French nationwide health care database. Capture-recapture methods are increasingly used to estimate the prevalence of chronic conditions but have never been used in the specific context of CP in OMPs. Three large medical-administrative sources were used: the prescription drug database (A-list), the national hospital discharge database (M-list), and the pain center database (C-list). Between 2015 and 2016, 160,429 OMPs aged 15 years and older were identified and age- and sex-matched with 160,429 non-OMPs. All patients treated with analgesic drugs for ≥6 months (A-list) or diagnosed with CP (M- and C-list) were included. Capture-recapture analyses were performed to yield CP estimates with their 95% confidence intervals using log-linear models. In 2015 to 2016, 12,765 OMPs and 2938 non-OMPs with CP were captured. Most patients were male (67%) in OMPs and non-OMPs; median ages for OMPs and non-OMPs were 46 (interquartile range: 38-51) and 48 (41-53) years, respectively. The CP prevalence estimated in OMPs and non-OMPs ranged from 23.6% (14.9-46.2) to 32.1% (28.6-36.3) and from 7.28% (3.98-18.4) to 9.32% (7.42-12.1), respectively. This first study on CP in the exhaustive population of OMPs using the capture-recapture method demonstrated a high prevalence of CP in OMPs, 3- to 4-fold than in the general population.
A model for the V-I characteristics in brick-wall-like structures (1993)

An analysis of brick-wall-like structures in high T/sub c/ polycrystalline ceramics with elongated grains is presented in order to predict and explain the voltage-current characteristics in these materials. The current path is determined by two different critical current densities in the direction of the long and short dimensions of the grains. The resistive transition and the n-values are studied in the limit of no longitudinal current transfer by using a statistical analysis of the distribution of the critical currents. This simple case illustrates the different aspects of the problem of modeling the general and more complicated structure.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
The web of knowledge: a festschrift in honor of Eugene Garfield (2000)

The web of knowledge: a festschrift in honor of Eugene Garfield , The web of knowledge: a festschrift in honor of Eugene Garfield , مرکز فناوری اطلاعات و اطلاع رسانی کشاورزی
Analysis of a Waveguide-Fed Metasurface Antenna (2017)

The waveguide-fed metasurface is an emerging concept for beam forming and wave-front shaping, with applications that include satellite and terrestrial communication, radar, rf imaging, and wireless power transfer. The present work provides in-depth analysis of metasurface antenna operation. A set of simple, closed-form analytical expressions can be used to quickly assess the radiation characteristics for a range of designs. These simple yet compelling guidelines should help to actualize the significant potential of metasurface antennas for dynamically reconfigurable apertures.
FPGA placement by graph isomorphism (abstract only) (2011)

FPGA placement and routing are still challenging problems. Given the increased diversity of logic and routing resources on FPGA chips, it seems appropriate to tackle the placement problem as a mapping between the nodes and edges in a circuit graph to compatible resources in the architecture graph. We explore utilizing graph isomorphism algorithms to perform FPGA placement. We use a hierarchical approach in which the circuit and architecture graphs are simultaneously clustered to reduce the size of the search space, and then a novel reductive graph product method is used to solve the isomorphism problem. The graph product algorithm is called reductive as it eliminates a linear number of candidates at every step of the search process, reducing the number of candidate nodes by approximately 1/3. Compared to the annealing-based placement tool VPR 5.0, we achieve approximately 40% improvement in placement runtime, while improving the critical path delay by about 7% and wire length by 5%, while demanding 1.3% more channels on average.
Rhodium Hydrogenation Catalysts Supported in Metal Organic Frameworks: Influence of the Framework on Catalytic Activity and Selectivity (2016)

The cationic rhodium complexes (dppe)Rh(COD)BF4 and (MeCN)2Rh(COD)BF4 have been supported in metal–organic frameworks bearing anionic nodes (ZJU-28) and anionic linkers (MIL-101-SO3) via ion exchange. These MOF-supported Rh species serve as recyclable catalysts for the hydrogenation of both the terminal alkene substrate 1-octene and the internal alkene substrate 2,3-dimethylbutene. The nature of the MOF support impacts various aspects of catalysis, including: (i) the rate of 1-octene hydrogenation, (ii) the activity and recyclability of the catalyst in 2,3-dimethylbutene hydrogenation, and (iii) the size selectivity of hydrogenation with alkene substrates appended to calixarenes.
Striation‐Free, Spin‐Coated Sol‐Gel Optical Films (1995)

A process for eliminating surface striations in optical films prepared by sol‐gel spin coating is described. The surface morphology of Nd‐doped SiO 2 ‐TiO 2 films, codoped with phosphorus, was investigated, using stylus profilometry, ellipsometry, and reflective optical microscopy. Compared to the conventional spin coating technique, the new process, where a saturated ethanol atmosphere is created over the spinning substrate, leads to a very low surface roughness, but to the same refractive index value. The thickness of uniform thin films prepared by this process is about half that of films made by the conventional method, at any spinning rate and for any given solution aging time.
Linear-time estimation with tree assumed density filtering and low-rank approximation (2014)

We present two fast and memory-efficient approximate estimation methods, targeting obstacle avoidance applications on small robot platforms. Our methods avoid a main bottleneck of traditional filtering techniques, which creates densely correlated cliques of landmarks, leading to expensive time and space complexity. We introduce a novel technique to avoid the dense cliques by sparsifying them into a tree structure and maintain that tree structure efficiently over time. Unlike other edge removal graph sparsification methods, our methods sparsify the landmark cliques by introducing new variables to de-correlate them. The first method projects the current density onto a tree rooted at the same variable at each step. The second method improves upon the first one by carefully choosing a new low-dimensional root variable at each step to replace such that the independence and conditional densities of the landmarks given the trajectory are optimally preserved. Our experiments show a significant improvement in time and space complexity of the methods compared to other standard filtering techniques in worst-case scenarios, with small trade-offs in accuracy due to low-rank approximation errors.
Optical second harmonic generation in crystals of organic dyes (1969)

The technique developed by Kurtz and Perry (1) to examine frequency doubling in powders was used to survey approximately 100 organic dye powders for second harmonic generation. Six new optically nonlinear materials were found. One of these dyes, a member of the family of coumarin dyes, 7-diethylamino-4-methylcoumarin, appears to be at least as good a frequency doubler as LiNbO <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</inf> . In addition, its resistance to surface damage is much higher than that of LiNbO <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</inf> and so it may prove to be a useful material.
A Flexible Quasi‐Solid‐State Asymmetric Electrochemical Capacitor Based on Hierarchical Porous V2O5 Nanosheets on Carbon Nanofibers (2015)

The development of 3D nanoarchitectures on flexible current collectors has emerged as an effective strategy for preparing advanced portable and wearable power sources. Herein, a flexible and efficient electrode is demonstrated based on electrospun carbon fibers (ECF) substrate with elaborately designed hierarchical porous V 2 O 5 nanosheets (V 2 O 5 –ECF). The unique configuration of V 2 O 5 –ECF composite film fully enables utilization of the synergistic effects from both high electrochemical performance of V 2 O 5 and excellent conductivity of ECF, endowing the films to be an excellent electrode for flexible and lightweight electrochemical capacitors (ECs). Benefiting from their intriguing structural features, V 2 O 5 –ECF and ECF films, directly used as electrodes for flexible asymmetric quasi‐solid‐state electrochemical capacitors, achieve superior flexibility and reliability, enhanced energy/power density, and outstanding cycling stability. Moreover, the ability to power light‐emitting diodes (LED) also indicates the feasibility for practical use. Therefore, it is believed that this novel design may find promising application in flexible devices in future.
Data from Calcineurin Inhibitors Activate the Proto-Oncogene Ras and Promote Protumorigenic Signals in Renal Cancer Cells (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;The development of cancer is a major problem in immunosuppressed patients, particularly after solid organ transplantation. We have recently shown that calcineurin inhibitors (CNI) used to treat transplant patients may play a critical role in the rapid progression of renal cancer. To examine the intracellular signaling events for CNI-mediated direct tumorigenic pathway(s), we studied the effect of CNI on the activation of proto-oncogenic Ras in human normal renal epithelial cells (REC) and renal cancer cells (786-0 and Caki-1). We found that CNI treatment significantly increased the level of activated GTP-bound form of Ras in these cells. In addition, CNI induced the association of Ras with one of its effector molecules, Raf, but not with Rho and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase; CNI treatment also promoted the phosphorylation of the Raf kinase inhibitory protein and the downregulation of carabin, all of which may lead to the activation of the Ras-Raf pathway. Blockade of this pathway through either pharmacologic inhibitors or gene-specific small interfering RNA significantly inhibited CNI-mediated augmented proliferation of renal cancer cells. Finally, it was observed that CNI treatment increased the growth of human renal tumors &lt;i&gt;in vivo&lt;/i&gt;, and the Ras-Raf pathway is significantly activated in the tumor tissues of CNI-treated mice. Together, targeting the Ras-Raf pathway may prevent the development/progression of renal cancer in CNI-treated patients. [Cancer Res 2009;69(23):8902–9]&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Exoskeletons and robotic prosthetics: a review of recent developments (2009)

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to review recent developments in exoskeletons and robotic prosthetics. Design/methodology/approach This paper first describes a number of recently developed exoskeletons for military, civil and medical applications. It then discusses robotic prosthetics and concludes with a brief consideration of progress in brain‐computer interface (BCI) technology. Findings Robotic exoskeletons are the topic of a major research effort, much being funded by the US military, and aims to impart superhuman strength to the wearer. Japanese research is also well advanced and concerns a range of non‐military applications, including strength enhancement and medical rehabilitation. Some products have recently been commercialised. There has also been significant progress in the development of robotic prosthetic limbs, a topic which is also attracting support from the US military. A key aim is the development of thought‐controlled prosthetics which will arise from advances in BCI technology. Originality/value This paper provides a detailed review of the latest developments in exoskeletons and robotic prosthetics.
Zur Torsionsbemessung von Stahlbeton- und Spannbetonbalken nach DIN 1045-1/ Torsion design of reinforced and prestressed concrete beams according to DIN 1045-1 (2006)

Fuer die Torsionsbemessung ist nach DIN 1045-1 neben einer Ermittlung des Druckstrebenwinkels nach der Theorie des Fachwerkmodells mit Rissreibung auch der vereinfachte Ansatz eines Neigungswinkels von 45 Grad zulaessig. Untersuchungen zeigten, dass bei bestimmten Belastungskombinationen die beiden Verfahren nicht alternativ angewandt werden sollten. Zudem zeigt sich eine generelle Ueberschaetzung der Druckstrebentragfaehigkeit unter Torsion nach DIN 1045-1. Vor dem Hintergrund dieser Ergebnisse werden ein Vorschlag zur Bestimmung des Druckstrebenwinkels fuer die Torsions- und Torsions-Interaktionsbemessung sowie ein Ansatz zur Beschreibung der Geometrie des effektiven Hohlkastens vorgestellt. Vergleichend werden die Ergebnisse einer Auswertung der Datenbank nach Eurocode 2 in seiner Neufassung vom April 2002 dargestellt. (A) ABSTRACT IN ENGLISH: The DIN 1045-1 provisions specify two different methods for torsion design regarding the concrete strut angle. The analysis of a database containing about 300 tests on reinforced and prestressed concrete beams under pure torsion or combined loading shows that under certain loading conditions the methods should not be used alternatively. In addition, the database also shows that the strength of the concrete strut according to DIN 1045-1 overestimates the torsional capacity in general. On the basis of these results a suggestion for the definition of the concrete strut angle for torsion design in relation to DIN 1045-1 is derived. Furthermore a design concept for the definition of the thickness of the shear flow zone is presented. Finally the database is analysed according to Eurocode 2 in its edition of April 2002. (A)
Stereotactic ablative body radiotherapy for inoperable primary kidney cancer: a prospective clinical trial (2017)

The study results show that SABR for primary RCC was feasible and well tolerated. We observed encouraging cancer control, functional preservation and early survival outcomes in an inoperable cohort. Baseline neutrophil:lymphocyte ratio may be predictive of immune-mediated response and warrants further investigation.
Planning Curriculum for Infants. (1999)

The clinical differentiation of parkinsonian syndromes remains challenging not only for neurologists but also for movement disorder specialists. Conventional magnetic resonance imaging (cMRI) with the visual assessment of T2- and T1-weighted imaging as well as different advanced MRI techniques offer objective measures, which may be a useful tool in the diagnostic work-up of Parkinson's disease and atypical parkinsonian disorders (APDs). In clinical practice, cMRI is a well-established method for the exclusion of symptomatic parkinsonism due to other pathologies. Over the past two decades, abnormalities in the basal ganglia and infratentorial structures have been shown especially in APDs not only by cMRI but also by different advanced MRI techniques, including methods to assess regional cerebral atrophy quantitatively such as magnetic resonance volumetry, proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy, diffusion-weighted imaging, and magnetization transfer imaging. This article aims to review recent research findings on the role of advanced MRI techniques in the differential diagnosis of neurodegenerative parkinsonian disorders.
Europeans Move On From Yeast to TB (1996)

London—Britain's Wellcome Trust has announced plans to pump $2 million into projects aimed at sequencing the genomes of two of the world's biggest killers: Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Plasmodium falciparum, the organisms responsible for tuberculosis and malaria. The announcement coincides with the completion of a European project to sequence the genome of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The entire genome of M. tuberculosis should be completed in a year; the P. falciparum project will start with chromosome 3 as a test. Both pose difficult technical challenges because the DNA tends to kink or rearrange during cloning.