gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Effects of Copper and Copper-Tin Additions on the Corrosion of Molybdenum-Containing Austenitic Stainless Steel in Dilute Sulphuric Acid (1971)

Effects of less than 0.2 percent copper alone and in combination with tin on the active corrosion behaviour of Fe-18 Cr-20 Ni-2 Mo in boiling five percent sulphuric acid were evaluated by measuring the weight loss at various potentials and at its rest potential.The addition of 0.2 percent copper decreased the critical current density for passivation to about one half of that for the alloy without copper. Copper suppressed the metal dissolution at relatively noble potentials in the active state, increased the cathodic reaction rate, and shifted the corrosion potential in the noble direction.The addition of copper in combination with tin was particularly beneficial to decreasing the corrosion rate in the above medium and in boiling 0.5 percent hydrochloric acid. The corrosion ratepotential curve in sulphuric acid showed that the corrosion rate of the copper-tin-containing alloy was lower than that of the alloy containing either copper or tin alone at relatively noble potentials in the active state (about-200- +50mV, Eh). Its corrosion rate was particularly low between -80 and -30mV. The corrosion potential of this system stays in this potential range. As to the corrosion rate at less noble potentials in the active state, the copper-tin-containing alloy ranks between the tin-containing alloy and the copper-containing alloy.The relatively low corrosion rate of the commercially produced molybdenum-containing austenitic stainless steel in boiling five percent sulphuric acid, compared with that of the steel melted in the laboratory, was attributed to the presence of both copper and tin as residual elements in the former.
Revelation of the Susceptibility of Microcapsule by the Control of Polymer Structure (II) -Preparation of polyurethane microcapsules with different chemical structures- (1997)

Polyurethane microcapsules were synthesized by interfacial polymerization in an aqueous poly(ethylene glycol) dispersion with ethylenediamine as chain extender of toluene diisocyanate in perfume oil using poly(vinyl alcohol) as the stabilizing agent. The effect of chemical structure on the average particle size and distributions, morphologies, and thermal properties to design microcapsules for the sustained release system was investigated. It came to be known that polyurethane microcapsules with ethylene diamine as chain extender had a rounder, more permeable and controlled release membranes. And the release test of polyurethane microcapsules with different soft segment content was done to certify the effect of long methylene chain. According to the higher molecular weight of polyether polyol, the release rate of microencapsulated disperse dye molecular was faster.
Room-Temperature Operation of a Lateral Tunneling Transistor Fabricated by Plane-Dependent Silicon Doping in Nonplanar Epitaxy (1997)

Room-temperature operation of a lateral tunneling transistor fabricated by a plane-dependent Si-doping technique is demonstrated for the first time. In this technique the amphoteric nature of the Si dopant in GaAs growth by molecular beam epitaxy is utilized. Through use of this technique, a lateral p + - n + interband tunneling junction was formed by the single growth of a heavily Si-doped GaAs layer on a GaAs(411)A patterned substrate and a quasi-planar process for device fabrication was made available. The transistor has gate-controlled negative differential resistance characteristics. By varying the gate voltage from -1.5 to 4.5 V, the peak drain current density and the peak-to-valley ratio are modulated from 161 to 251 mA/cm 2 and from 3.1 to 4.4, respectively. These results indicate that this transistor successfully operates as a tunneling transistor.
Efficient and Rapid Synthesis of a Solvent and Ion-Responsive Luminescent Copper 2-Aminoterephthalate Thin Film (2023)

Metal–organic coordination polymers are promising optical sensing materials due to their tunable physical and chemical properties, which can be controlled through careful selection of metal centers, organic linkers, and/or reaction conditions. The fabrication of coordination polymers in thin film form is particularly desirable for sensor development because it facilitates integration with sensing platforms such as optical fibers, enables sensing material recovery and regeneration, and can enhance analyte uptake during analysis. However, many thin film fabrication techniques are tedious and require high temperatures and/or expensive equipment, creating a significant barrier toward scalable production. Here, coordination polymer thin films comprised of copper and 2-aminoterepthalic acid are selectively grown within 30 min at room temperature and under ambient atmosphere using an aluminum-doped zinc oxide template, circumventing the long time and high equipment costs typically associated with thin film production. The films luminesce in the presence of polar protic solvents and exhibit enhanced emission in the presence of aluminum(III) ions, an economically critical metal according to the 2022 United States Geological Survey. The “turn on” luminescent response to aluminum is selective against 15 other metal ions commonly found in environmental streams, and is highly sensitive, with estimated detection limits down to 120 parts-per-billion in water. As a proof-of-concept, the films were evaluated on diluted fly ash streams, with luminescent signals that qualitatively correlate with inductively coupled plasma mass-spectrometry analysis. Taken together, this work presents a promising route toward the scalable production of optically active coordination polymer films.
A recursive multi-scale correlation-averaging algorithm for synchronization and fusion of independent pavement roughness measurements (2009)

A signal processing approach is proposed to jointly filter and fuse spatially-indexed measurements captured from many vehicles. It is assumed that these measurements are corrupted by both sensor noise and GPS positioning uncertainties. Measurements from low-cost vehicle-mounted sensors (e.g., accelerometers and GPS receivers) are properly combined to produce higher quality road roughness data for cost-effective road surface condition monitoring. The proposed algorithms are recursively implemented and thus require only moderate computational power and memory space. These algorithms are important for future road management systems, which will use on-road vehicles as a distributed network of sensing probes gathering spatially-indexed measurements for condition monitoring in addition to other applications such as environmental monitoring. Our method and the related signal processing algorithms are tested using field data.
Convergent Synthesis of the BCDE-Ring Part of Ciguatoxin (2002)

The BCDE-ring part of ciguatoxin has been convergently synthesized by a sequence of reactions involving coupling of the E-ring part having a Z-enal group with the B-ring part as an acyl anion equivalent, selective removal of a p-bromobenzyl protective group using Miyaura’s conditions, and reductive cyclization.
Re-evaluation of the status of the genus Oerskovia, reclassification of Promicromonospora enterophila (Jáger et al. 1983) as Oerskovia enterophila comb. nov. and description of Oerskovia jenensis sp. nov. and Oerskovia paurometabola sp. nov. (2002)

Phylogenetic analysis of Promicromonospora enterophila indicates that this taxon clusters with Cellulomonas species, adjacent to Cellulomonas turbata (basonym Oerskovia turbata). 16S rDNA analysis, DNA-DNA reassociation, riboprinting, peptidoglycan analysis and determination of phenotypic properties of various strains of P. enterophila and C turbata reveal that they form a cluster that can be distinguished unambiguously from other Cellulomonas species by morphology, amino acid composition of the cell wall and 16S rDNA signatures. As a result of thispolyphasic study, it appears taxonomically reasonable to re-establish the genus Oerskovia for C turbata and to reclassify P. enterophila as Oerskovia enterophila comb. nov.; two novel species, Oerskovia jenensis sp. nov. (type strain DSM 46000T = CIP 100330T) and Oerskovia paurometabola sp. nov. (type strain DSM 14281T = LMG 20385T), are also proposed.
Furnace Carbon Black Characterization: Continuing Saga (1996)

Abstract A summary of the latest efforts to characterize carbon black and the latest findings using state-of-the-art scientific instrumentation is presented. Over the years, advanced studies of furnace carbon black formation and characterization have helped the rubber technologist to better predict the performance of the end product ( i.e. , a tire) but still today these characteristics are not totally sufficient and more work is necessary to better define and describe the exact nature of carbon black produced using the furnace process.
A distinct immune response in steroid-refractory severe asthma and its modeling in mice (HYP7P.288) (2014)

Abstract Severe asthma (SA) constitutes only 5-10% of all asthmatics but accounts for 50% of the healthcare costs and morbidity associated with the disease. SA patients remain symptomatic despite treatment with high doses of corticosteroids (CS), the mainstay of asthma therapy. The presence of neutrophils in asthma has been correlated with refractoriness to CS, fatal exacerbations and severity. To date, our understanding of the pathological mechanisms central to neutrophil-prominent SA is minimal primarily because of the lack of a suitable animal model, limiting the development and testing of new therapeutics. Studies in our lab have shown that unlike patients with milder disease, SA patients consistently have a mixed Th1/Th2/Th17 immune phenotype in their airways despite high dose CS treatment. With the association of viral and bacterial infections with severity and frequency of asthma exacerbations, we hypothesized that the combination of an allergen with agents that mimic infection would induce a SA phenotype in mice. As in human severe asthmatics, the immune response in this mouse model elicits mixed granulocytic airway inflammation and airway hyperresponsiveness that are poorly responsive to CS. Using RNA sequencing and bioinformatics analysis tools, we have identified molecules that may play a central role in the pathogenesis of SA that can be targeted for developing novel therapies for this disease.
Deformation, Stretching, and Relaxation of Single‐Polymer Chains: Fundamentals and Examples (2003)

Abstract #From the forthcoming book, Soft Materials: Structure, and Dynamics, Marangoni, A. G. and Dutcher, J., Eds., Marcel Dekker, Inc., in press. Notes #From the forthcoming book, Soft Materials: Structure, and Dynamics, Marangoni, A. G. and Dutcher, J., Eds., Marcel Dekker, Inc., in press.
Immunodominant proteins of Sarcocystis cruzi bradyzoites isolated from cattle affected or nonaffected with eosinophilic myositis (1990)

Sarcocystis cruzi sarcocysts were isolated from eosinophilic myositis (EM)-affected and nonaffected bovine hearts. Isolates were ruptured and used to prepare a bradyzoite antigen extract from each heart. The nonaffected heart from one newborn calf contained no apparent sarcocysts when examined histologically and was used to prepare Sarcocystis-negative control antigen. Blood samples were taken from the heart approximately 20 minutes after slaughter. Serum was obtained and evaluated, using a radioimmunoassay to measure Sarcocystis-specific IgG and IgE titers. Sarcocystis cruzi extract from a heart without EM lesions was used for antigen in the radioimmunoassay. Sarcocystis-specific IgG titer ranged between 1:1,280 and 1:2,560 in EM-affected cattle and was 1:640 in non-affected cattle. Sarcocystis-specific IgE titer ranged between 1:640 and 1:1,280 in EM-affected and nonaffected cattle. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and protein (western) immunoblot analysis were used to compare antigen extracts and serum samples from EM-affected vs nonaffected cattle. Twenty protein bands, ranging from approximately 22 to 215 kD, were detected consistently on bradyzoite blots probed with anti-bovine IgG after incubation with serum samples. Seven of these bands, 37, 44, 53, 57, 94, 113, and 215 kD, were also detected consistently on bradyzoite blots probed with monoclonal anti-bovine IgE. One additional band, 61 kD, was detected consistently on bradyzoite blots probed for IgE, but was seldom recognized when probed for IgG. Sixteen protein bands were evident in silver-stained gels of S cruzi-negative, newborn calf antigen, but none were recognized by antisera on western blots.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
DOC: Deep OCclusion Estimation From a Single Image (2015)

Recovering the occlusion relationships between objects is a fundamental human visual ability which yields important information about the 3D world. In this paper we propose a deep network architecture, called DOC, which acts on a single image, detects object boundaries and estimates the border ownership (i.e. which side of the boundary is foreground and which is background). We represent occlusion relations by a binary edge map, to indicate the object boundary, and an occlusion orientation variable which is tangential to the boundary and whose direction specifies border ownership by a left-hand rule. We train two related deep convolutional neural networks, called DOC, which exploit local and non-local image cues to estimate this representation and hence recover occlusion relations. In order to train and test DOC we construct a large-scale instance occlusion boundary dataset using PASCAL VOC images, which we call the PASCAL instance occlusion dataset (PIOD). This contains 10,000 images and hence is two orders of magnitude larger than existing occlusion datasets for outdoor images. We test two variants of DOC on PIOD and on the BSDS occlusion dataset and show they outperform state-of-the-art methods. Finally, we perform numerous experiments investigating multiple settings of DOC and transfer between BSDS and PIOD, which provides more insights for further study of occlusion estimation.
De‐crosslinkable networks (1991)

Abstract Recent extensive studies have distinguished a special class of polymers which are able to form thermotropic mesophases despite the absence of mesogenes in their chemical structure [1]. In the most striking form the tendency to form such mesophases is displayed by polymers with flexible inorganic backbone, such as poly(diethylsiloxane)/PDES/. In this presentation recent results concerning mechanical and thermomechanical behaviour of a series of PDES mesophase elastomers are considered. Three types of PDES elastomers were studied: crosslinked samples prepared by peroxide vulcanization [2,3], crosslinked samples vulcanized by a multifunctional siloxane resin [4] and block copolymers with ladder polysilsesquioxane as the hard block and PDES as the soft block [5].
Noninvasive measurement of the effect of lifetime exposure to the sun on the aged skin. (1994)

The cumulative and comparative effects of chronological and actinic changes to the skin were studied in an elderly population. Two adjacent sites with different degrees of exposure to the sun were examined to distinguish the contribution of each factor, by means of noninvasive measurements. The following parameters were measured on the skin of the low neck (an exposed site), as well as on the adjacent clothes-protected skin of 30 elderly women: electrical conductance, color, microrelief, biomechanical properties and the thickness of both the full skin and the subepidermal nonechogenic band (SENEB), using ultrasound measurements. Persistent exposure to the sun accentuated most of the age-induced modifications. The following changes were significantly more marked in exposed skin: SENEB thickening, full-skin thinning, loss of extensibility and elasticity, and color heterogeneity. The cumulative effects of sun exposure and chronological aging lead to atrophy in elderly people. These results suggest that, if there is an autoprotective skin reaction, such as thickening in young adults, it is eliminated in old people.
Estimation of significance of Holter in diagnosis of children with myocarditis (2000)

目的探讨动态心电图监测24小时在心肌炎诊断中的应用价值.方法对63例心肌炎或疑似心肌炎患儿3天内做动态心电图24小时监测及常规12导联心电图描记,两项结果做对比分析.结果①常规心电图显示正常或窦性心律不齐的26例患儿中,动态监测检出各种心律失常22例;②常规心电图显示单源早搏,动态监测显示多源多型早搏或早搏白天多于夜间的现象;③动态心电图监测发现常规心电图正常的患儿有间歇性房室传导阻滞等一过性心电图改变.结论动态心电图24小时监测提高了心律失常的检出率,对评价早搏的性质起决定性作用,可捕捉到一过性心电图改变,为心肌炎诊断提供可靠的依据.
Valence Band Splitting in Wurtzite InGaAs Nanoneedles Studied by Photoluminescence Excitation Spectroscopy (2014)

We use low-temperature microphotoluminescence and photoluminescence excitation spectroscopy to measure the valence band parameters of single wurtzite InGaAs nanoneedles. The effective indium composition is measured by means of polarization-dependent Raman spectroscopy. We find that the heavy-hole and light-hole splitting is ∼95 meV at 10 K and the Stokes shift is in the range of 35-55 meV. These findings provide important insight in the band structure of wurtzite InGaAs that could be used for future bandgap engineering.
Mechanical design, calibration, and environmental protection of the REXIS DAM (2013)

Thesis: S.M., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, 2013.
Exploiting a patch antenna for strain measurements (2008)

The feasibility of applying patch antennas for strain measurement is investigated. The resonance frequency of a patch antenna is determined by the size of its metallic patch. An applied strain changes the dimensions of the metallic patch, resulting in a shift in the antenna resonant frequency. Therefore, the applied strains can be measured from the changes in antenna resonant frequency. A dual-frequency patch antenna was designed and fabricated using conventional photolithography techniques. The application of the patch antenna for strain measurement was evaluated by bonding the patch antenna to an aluminum cantilever beam and applying loads at the free end of the cantilever beam. The shifts of the return loss S11 curves under loads were correlated to the strains experienced by the patch antenna. The strain sensitivity of the antenna obtained from experimental measurements agreed well with the analytical prediction.
Prostaglandin Stimulation of Rat Corticosteroidogenesis (1969)

Prostaglandins and their C20:(omega)6 fatty acid precursors are present in rat adrenal glands. Small doses of prostaglandins (PGE(1), PGE(2), or PGF(1infinity) 1.4 to 2.4 micromolar) increased steroidogenesis in the superfused adrenal glands obtained from hypophysectomized rats. This effect was mimicked in part by both adrenocorticotropin and its postulated intracellular intermediate adenosine 3', 5'-cyclic monophosphate; all three responses were inhibited by cycloheximide.
Influence of Cell Density on the Acridine Orange Binding to Deoxyribonucleoprotein Complex in Leucocytes from Patients with Infectious Mononucleosis and Acute Leukaemia (1972)

The acridine orange (AO) binding to the deoxyribonucleoprotein (DNP) complex of individual normal lymphocytes, infectious mononucleosis (IM) lymphoid cells and leukaemic blast cells was determined by microfluorometry. Increased AO binding to DNP was found with increasing cell density on the slide and was similar in the different cell populations. staining Only in exceptional cases of IM, the AO binding was high irrespective of cell density. The increased AO binding was due to changes in the DNP complex, which might be induced by the release of macromolecular substances from the cells. The results show that in clinical cytological studies, the fluorescence intensities cannot be used for the discrimination between normal and malignant cells.
Low-dose, phase-contrast mammography with high signal-to-noise ratio (2016)

Differential phase-contrast X-ray imaging using a Talbot-Lau interferometer has recently shown promising results for applications in medical imaging. However, reducing the applied radiation dose remains a major challenge. In this study, we consider the realization of a Talbot-Lau interferometer in a high Talbot order to increase the signal-to-noise ratio for low-dose applications. The quantitative performance of π and π/2 systems at high Talbot orders is analyzed through simulations, and the design energy and X-ray spectrum are optimized for mammography. It is found that operation even at very high Talbot orders is feasible and beneficial for image quality. As long as the X-ray spectrum is matched to the visibility spectrum, the SNR continuously increases with the Talbot order for π-systems. We find that the optimal X-ray spectra and design energies are almost independent of the Talbot order and that the overall imaging performance is robust against small variations in these parameters. Discontinuous spectra, such as that from molybdenum, are less robust because the characteristic lines may coincide with minima in the visibility spectra; however, they may offer slightly better performance. We verify this hypothesis by realizing a prototype system with a mean fringe visibility of above 40% at the seventh Talbot order. With this prototype, a proof-of-principle measurement of a freshly dissected breast at reasonable compression to 4 cm is conducted with a mean glandular dose of only 3 mGy but with a high SNR.
Cyclopropane Hydrogenation vs Isomerization over Pt and Pt–Sn Intermetallic Nanoparticle Catalysts: A Parahydrogen Spin-Labeling Study (2020)

Hyperpolarized propane produced by heterogeneous hydrogenation of cyclopropane with parahydrogen has been proposed as a safe inhalant for sensitivity-enhanced in vivo magnetic resonance imaging. The present studies were initially motivated by the possibility to improve the pairwise selectivity of hydrogenation using Pt–Sn intermetallic nanoparticle catalysts which achieved a record high pairwise selectivity in the hydrogenation of propene. The performance of the Pt3Sn catalysts is found to be comparable to that of the Rh/TiO2 catalyst employed in a recent publication. However, significant amounts of propene are also produced by isomerization over the Pt–Sn catalysts. The isomerization is promoted by weakening of the propene–surface binding energy and depletion of the H adatom density. While this is a remarkable finding from the perspective of catalysis science, the isomerization to propene over the Pt–Sn catalysts negates the advantages of using cyclopropane rather than propene as the safer reactant for in vivo use.
Imagerie toute-optique en temps réel pour l’étude de phénomènes ultra-courts (2018)

International audience
Chimeras of Human Complement C9 Reveal the Site Recognized by Complement Regulatory Protein CD59 (1995)

CD59 antigen is a membrane glycoprotein that inhibits the activity of the C9 component of the C5b-9 membrane attack complex, thereby protecting human cells from lysis by human complement. The complement-inhibitory activity of CD59 is species-selective and is most effective toward C9 derived from human or other primate plasma. By contrast, rabbit C9, which can substitute for human C9 in the membrane attack complex, mediates unrestricted lysis of human cells. To identify the peptide segment of human C9 that is recognized by CD59, rabbit C9 cDNA clones were isolated, characterized, and used to construct hybrid cDNAs for expression of full-length human/rabbit C9 chimeras in COS-7 cells. All resulting chimeras were hemolytically active, when tested against chicken erythrocytes bearing C5b-8 complexes. Assays performed in the presence or absence of CD59 revealed that this inhibitor reduced the hemolytic activity of those chimeras containing human C9 sequence between residues 334-415, irrespective of whether the remainder of the protein contained human or rabbit sequence. By contrast, when this segment of C9 contained rabbit sequence, lytic activity was unaffected by CD59. These data establish that human C9 residues 334-415 contain the site recognized by CD59, and they suggest that sequence variability within this segment of C9 is responsible for the observed species-selective inhibitory activity of CD59.