gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Toward an understanding of the role of glutamate in experimental parkinsonism: Agonist‐sensitive sites in the basal ganglia (1993)

Increased glutamatergic transmission in the basal ganglia is implicated in the pathophysiology of Parkinson's disease. However, the mechanisms by which activation of glutamate receptors produce parkinsonism are unknown. Therefore, we examined whether the glutamate agonists N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA), alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionate (AMPA), kainate, and trans-(+/-)-1-amino-1,3-cyclopentanedicarboxylate produce parkinsonism in rats after microapplication into different subregions of the basal ganglia. Electromyographic activity was used as a measure of parkinsonian rigidity. We found that in the rostral striatum, excitation mediated by NMDA but not by non-NMDA receptors led to parkinsonism. In the substantia nigra pars reticulata, internal pallidal segment/entopeduncular nucleus, and subthalamic nucleus, activation of AMPA/kainate and metabotropic receptors but not of NMDA receptors led to parkinsonian rigidity. Rigidity occurred also in animals bearing ibotenate-induced lesions of the posterior part of the striatum and of the external pallidal segment, but not in animals with lesions of the anterior striatum, subthalamic nucleus, internal pallidal segment/entopeduncular nucleus, or substantia nigra pars reticulata. These observations suggest that the activation of glutamate receptor subtypes in the basal ganglia may be differentially involved in the expression of parkinsonian symptoms.
Systematic review of the effectiveness of complementary and alternative medicine on nausea and vomiting in children with cancer: a study protocol (2019)

CRD42019135404.
Privacy implications of context-aware services (2009)

Personal information handling in current and anticipated context use cases is worrisome. This notwithstanding, contextual services are rapidly proliferating into most niches of society, catalysed by technological advancements in sensing, ubiquity and mobile computing. Evolving social trends, catastrophic events and the economics of personal information further escalate the frenzy. Consequently, contextual applications have propagated into personal, community, government and corporate services. Unfortunately, these services are seldom developed with onset personal information leak concerns. As a result, personal information pieces often leak in their handling, eroding the users' privacy. Privacy erosion is attributed to information leaks through covert acquisitions and re-purposing of legitimate data. Privacy loss from such erosion exposes individuals to significant harm often intractable or costly. This study identifies and sensitises information handling vulnerabilities on their privacy implications in context-aware services. We assert the need for stakeholders in contextual services to deliberate privacy implications of context throughout its life cycle as opposed to, detached focus at collection, transmission or usage points. Notably, privacy threats will intensify as computing further invades the sacred precincts of our private, public and domestic lives.
Microsomal Triacylglycerol Transfer Protein Prevents Presecretory Degradation of Apolipoprotein B‐100 (1996)

The role of microsomal triacylglycerol transfer protein (MTP) in the secretion of apolipoprotein B-100 (apoB-100) has been studied using an inhibitor of MTP: 4'-bromo-3'-methylmetaqualone. In vitro, this compound inhibits trioleoylglycerol transfer between lipid vesicles mediated by MTP with an IC50 of 0.9 microM whereas it does not inhibit the lipid transfer mediated by the cholesteryl ester transfer protein. In HepG2 cells, 4'-bromo-3'-methylmetaqualone inhibits the secretion of apoB-100 with an IC50 of 0.3 microM, without affecting the secretion of several other proteins like apoA-I or albumin. Moreover, there is no accumulation of apoB-100 in treated cells. Oleic acid, which increases apoB-100 secretion, only slightly modifies the IC50 of 4'-bromo-3'-methylmetaqualone (0.5 microM). The latter has no effect on the synthesis of major lipids within the cell, but decreases the secretion of triacylglycerol into apoB-100-containing lipoproteins. Pulse/chase experiments reveal that 4'-bromo-3'-methylmetaqualone acts on apoB-100 production either at the co-translational or post-translational level. The cysteine protease inhibitor N-acetyl-leucyl-leucyl-norleucinal does not protect apoB-100 from the 4'-bromo-3'-methylmetaqualone effect but seems to be involved in a later step of apoB-100 intracellular degradation. By contrast, dithiothreitol can totally reverse the effect of the MTP inhibitor on apoB-100 production. The mechanism of MTP-mediated lipid assembly with apoB-100 is discussed.
Normal Mitochondrial Genome in Brain from Patients with Parkinson's Disease and Complex I Defect (1990)

Abstract: The mitochondrial genome codes for 13 proteins which are located in the respiratory chain. In postmortem brain of patients with Parkinson's disease, decreased activity of complex I of the respiratory chain could be demonstrated. Because seven subunits of complex I are coded by the mitochondrial genome, we analyzed the mitochondrial DNA of human postmortem substantia nigra, putamen, and frontal cortex by the Southern blot technique. No deletions of the mitochondrial genome could be demonstrated, thus indicating that either subunits which are encoded by the nuclear genome are decreased or enzyme activity is diminished by metabolites, toxins, or increase of Fe 3+ .
Step-Controlled Epitaxial Growth of High-Quality SiC Layers (1997)

The growth mechanism in chemical vapor deposition (CVD) of silicon carbide (SiC) on off-oriented SiC{0001} substrates (step-controlled epitaxy) is reviewed. In step-controlled epitaxy, SiC growth is controlled by the diffusion of reactants in a stagnant layer. Critical growth conditions where the growth mode changes from step-flow to two-dimensional nucleation are predicted as a function of growth conditions using a model describing SiC growth on vicinal {0001} substrates. Step bunching on the surfaces of SiC epilayers is also investigated. Dominant step heights correspond to the half or full unit cell of SiC polytypes. The high quality of the SiC epilayers has been elucidated through Hall effect and deep level measurements. Excellent doping controllability in a wide range has been obtained by in-situ doping of a nitrogen donor and an aluminum acceptor.
Neurologic Complications of Cancer (Contemporary Neurology Series, 45) (1995)

by JEROME B. POSNER, 500 pp., ill., Philadelphia, F.A. Davis, 1995. $99.00

Dr. Posner is the founder of neuro-oncology and has been its driving force for more than 20 years. He has trained the vast majority of prominent neuro-oncologists. This text is an encyclopedic summary of one aspect of neuro-oncology, the impact of systemic cancer on the nervous system. This is a rare treasure of a textbook. Most texts are multiauthored and provide a description of a field through many, often conflicting, voices. This text provides a …
Reversal by Two Dihydropyridine Compounds of Resistance to Multiple Anticancer Agents in Mouse P388 Leukemiain vivoandin vitro (1990)

We investigated whether two representative 1,4-dihydropyridine derivatives, NK-250 and NK-252, could potentiate the antitumor activity of multiple anticancer agents including vincristine (VCR), vinblastine, vindesine and actinomycin D in drug-resistant tumor cells and their parental drug-sensitive tumor cells. NK-250 and NK-252 at 5-10 microM almost completely reversed VCR resistance in cultured VCR-resistant P388/VCR cells derived from the mouse drug-sensitive P388/S leukemia cell line and also potentiated the cytocidal activity of VCR in drug-sensitive P388/S cells. NK-250 and NK-252 at 1-10 microM inhibited the photoaffinity labeling by [3H]azidopine of the cell-surface 170,000-molecular-weight P-glycoprotein. In chemotherapeutic experiments with leukemia-bearing mice, NK-250 or NK-252 was orally administered in combination with different drugs of the MDR phenotype administered intraperitoneally. The antitumor activity of the various combinations was found to be augmented in mice bearing P388/S- and P388/VCR-leukemia. Among the combinations examined, the combination of NK-250 and VCR was the most effective. These two 1,4-dihydropyridines, NK-250 and NK-252, are unique compounds because they were effective not only in circumventing the drug resistance, but also in potentiating the action of antitumor drugs against drug-sensitive tumors.
Detection of IDH1 R132H Mutation in Acute Myeloid Leukemia by Mutation-specific Immunohistochemistry (2011)

IDH1 mutations are present but are uncommon in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and although prognostically favorable in gliomas their clinical significance in AML is unclear. Some have associated IDH1 mutations with inferior outcome, whereas others found no association with prognosis. Complicating these analyses is the need to sequence IDH1 from leukemic blasts, which is technically challenging and not yet routine. Mutation-specific antibodies enable robust, cost-effective detection of mutations in routine biopsy samples. Immunohistochemistry for the R132H mutation-specific antibody was performed in a tissue microarray containing 159 cases of AML, detecting the R132H mutation in 7 cases (4.4%). Positivity was associated with intermediate risk cytogenetics. Our results demonstrate an association between the R132H IDH1 mutation and intermediate risk cytogenetics in AML, suggesting that R132H IDH1 mutation may be associated with improved clinical outcome and demonstrate the feasibility of using mutation-specific antibodies to genotype and subclassify AML.
Cover Picture: Reversible Redox Reactions in an Extended Polyoxometalate Framework Solid (Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 36/2008) (2008)

Like a revolving door that can easily open, close, and return to the start, the first framework material that can undergo reversible electron-transfer reactions is described by L. Cronin et al. in their Communication on page 6881 ff. The solid contains large pockets in which the redox reagents can reside; the manganese(II)/(III)-containing framework is able to move between these oxidation states and is the first in a new class of redox solids.
Joint Random Pilot and Multi-Slot Access in Massive MIMO for Space Information Networks (2018)

Space information networks (SINs) is viewed as an effective solution to provide broadband access in a seamless and cost-effective manner for future machine-to-machine communications. Moreover, massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) technology over satellites has received a great deal of interests. To solve the problem of pilot collision in the crowded massive MIMO system for SIN, a joint random pilot and multi-slot access (JRPMSA) protocol is proposed. Our JRPMSA protocol allows the failed user equipments (UEs) to reselect a pilot from the remaining pilots in multi-slots, i.e., the pilots that are not selected by any UE or selected by more than one UE in the initial step. The random access satellite estimates and buffers the channel response on each pilot of each UE in multi-slots. By utilizing the and-or tree theory, we analyzed the performance of the JRPMSA protocol, mainly focus on the access failure probability and uplink throughput. Simulation results shows that the proposed JRPMSA protocol can obviously decrease the access failure probability and increase the peak throughput.
Two affinities for a single antagonist at the neuronal NK1 tachykinin receptor: evidence from quantitation of receptor endocytosis (1999)

1. In smooth muscle contractility assays, many NK1 receptor (NK1r) antagonists inhibit responses to the neurotransmitter, substance P (SP), and its analogue, septide, with markedly different potency, leading to the proposal that there is a septide-preferring receptor related to the NK1r. 2. We used fluorescence immunohistochemistry and confocal microscopy to visualize agonist-induced NK1r endocytosis and analyse agonist/antagonist interactions at native NK1r in neurons of the myenteric plexus of guinea-pig ileum. 3. SP and septide gave sigmoid log concentration-response curves and were equipotent in inducing NK1r endocytosis. 4. The NK1r antagonists, CP-99994 (2S,3S)-3-(2-methoxybenzyl)amino-2-phenylpiperidine dihydrochloride and MEN-10581, cyclo(Leu,[CH2NH]Lys(benzyloxycarbonyl)-Gln-Trp-Phe-betaAla) were both more potent in inhibiting endocytosis (50 x and 8 x greater respectively) against septide than against SP. 5. The results suggest that SP and septide interact differently with the NK1r, and that a single antagonist can exhibit different affinities at a single NK1r population, depending on the agonist with which it competes. Thus it may not be necessary to posit a separate septide-preferring tachykinin receptor.
Ceramic coated rigid rod polymer fibers (1992)

Previous work has shown a linear increase in fiber axial compressive strength with the thickness of a high modulus ceramic surface coating: an 8000 Angstrom thick coating approximately doubles the U.C.S. of an experimental Poly-Paraphenylene Benzobisoxazole (PBO) fiber. A rule of mixtures explanation for this effect appears not valid. More probable is constraint against compressive buckling of the fibrillar structure provided by the coating. Either tensile loading or temperature excursions can crack the ceramic coating, circumferentially or axially. If well adhered, the cracked coating still improves the axial compressive strength. The crack gaps are smaller than the length of the buckling fibril elements, and narrower than their diameter.
Targeted Genomic Profiling Reveals Recurrent KRAS Mutations in Mesonephric-like Adenocarcinomas of the Female Genital Tract (2017)

Mesonephric adenocarcinoma most commonly arises in the cervix and is presumed to be derived from normal or hyperplastic mesonephric remnants. It is characterized by recurrent KRAS mutations and lack of PIK3CA/PTEN alterations. Adenocarcinomas of the uterine corpus and ovary characterized by morphologic and immunophenotypic similarities to mesonephric adenocarcinoma have been reported. The pathogenesis of these tumors, which have been designated "mesonephric-like adenocarcinomas" is unknown, and it has been debated whether these represent mesonephric adenocarcinomas that arise in the endometrium/ovary or endometrioid adenocarcinomas that closely mimic mesonephric adenocarcinoma. The relationship at the molecular level between mesonephric adenocarcinomas and mesonephric-like adenocarcinomas is unknown. The aim of this study was to examine the molecular alterations in mesonephric-like adenocarcinomas to identify driver mutations and potential therapeutically targetable mutations, and to determine the relationship between mesonephric-like adenocarcinomas and mesonephric adenocarcinomas using targeted next-generation sequencing. Seven mesonephric-like adenocarcinomas (4 ovarian, 3 uterine corpus) underwent targeted next-generation sequencing to detect mutations, copy number variations and structural variants in exonic regions of 300 cancer genes, and 113 selected intronic regions across 35 genes. All 7 tumors (100%) harbored canonical activating KRAS mutations (4 G12D, 3 G12V). PIK3CA activating mutations were identified in 3 of 7 (43%) cases. There were no alterations in PTEN, ARID1A, or TP53 in any of the tumors. In copy number analysis, 5 of 7 (71%) tumors exhibited 1q gain, which was accompanied by 1p loss in 2 cases. In addition, 4 of 7 (57%) tumors had chromosome 10 gain, which was accompanied by gain of chromosome 12 in 3 cases. Mesonephric-like adenocarcinomas, similar to mesonephric adenocarcinomas, are characterized by recurrent KRAS mutations, gain of 1q, lack of PTEN mutations, and gains of chromosomes 10 and 12. PIK3CA mutations, which have not previously been identified in mesonephric adenocarcinoma, were found in 3 of 7 (43%) mesonephric-like adenocarcinomas in our study. Mesonephric-like adenocarcinomas exhibit strikingly similar molecular aberrations to mesonephric adenocarcinomas, but also frequently harbor PIK3CA mutations, demonstrating biological overlap with carcinomas of both mesonephric and Mullerian (endometrioid) differentiation. Given the previously documented association with endometriosis (ovarian neoplasms) and the prominent endometrial involvement (uterine corpus neoplasms), we believe these are best regarded as of Mullerian origin and representing adenocarcinomas which differentiate along mesonephric lines; as such, we propose the term mesonephric-like Mullerian adenocarcinoma.
Light scattering, CD, and ligand binding studies of ferrihemoglobin-polyelectrolyte complexes (1999)

Quasi-elastic light scattering (QELS), electrophoretic light scattering (ELS), CD spectroscopy, and azide binding titrations were used to study the complexation at pH 6.8 between ferrihemoglobin and three polyelectrolytes that varied in charge density and sign. Both QELS and ELS show that the structure of the soluble complex formed between ferrihemoglobin and poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) [PDADMAC] varies with protein concentration. At fixed 1.0 mg/mL polyelectrolyte concentration, protein addition increases complex size and decreases complex mobility in a tightly correlated manner. At 1.0 mg/mL of greater protein concentration, a stable complex is formed between one polyelectrolyte chain and many protein molecules (i.e., an intrapolymer complex) with apparent diameter approximately 2.5 times that of the protein-free polyelectrolyte. Under conditions of excess polyelectrolyte, each of the three ferrihemoglobin-polyelectrolyte solutions exhibits a single diffusion mode in QELS, which indicates that all protein molecules are complexed. CD spectra suggest little or no structural disruption of ferrihemoglobin upon complexation. Azide binding to the ferrihemoglobin-poly(2-acrylamide-2-methylpropanesulfonate) [PAMPS] complex is substantially altered relative to the polyelectrolyte-free protein, but minimal change in induced by complexation with an AMPS-based copolymer of reduced linear charge density. The change in azide binding induced by PDADMAC is intermediate between that of PAMPS and its copolymer.
A Randomized Comparison of Permanent Septal Versus Apical Right Ventricular Pacing: Short‐Term Results (2006)

In contrast to RV apical pacing, chronic RV septal pacing preserved LVEF in patients with baseline LVEF < or = 45%.
Effects of Lowering Symmetry on the ESR Spectra of Radical Anions of Fullerene Derivatives and the Reduction Potentials (2000)

Radical anions of dibenzyl adducts of C60, 1,4-(C6H5CH2)2C60•- and 1,2-(C6H5CH2)2C60•-, give ESR spectra which have larger g values (2.0004 and 2.0001, respectively) and much smaller line widths (ΔHmsl = 2.5 and 3.3 G, respectively, at 213 K) than the g value (1.9984) and the ΔHmsl value (30.9 G at 213 K) of C60•-. An even smaller ΔHmsl value (0.17 G) and a larger g value (2.0011) are observed for the tetrabenzyl C60 adduct radical anion, 1,4,10,24-(C6H5CH2)4C60•- and this is ascribed to a large splitting of the degenerate t1u orbitals caused by introduction of four benzyl groups to C60. In this case, a hyperfine structure, due to two nonequivalent protons of only one benzyl group (aH1 = 0.31 G, aH2 = 0.11 G), is observed and this is consistent with the predicted localized spin density at the C2 position next to the C1 carbon to which a benzyl group is attached. The radical anions of the mono- and bisadducts formed in the Diels−Alder cycloaddition reaction of C60 with 9,10-dimethylanthracene show ESR signals at different g values (2.0003 for the monoadduct and 2.0009 for the bisadduct). The relationship between lower symmetry and the ESR spectra of radical anions of various C60 derivatives is discussed in terms of the g values and the line widths. The energy gap (δ) between the singly occupied orbital and the two other orbitals which had a t1u symmetry prior to introduction of addends to C60 is derived from differences in the g values of various C60•- derivatives from the free spin value (2.0023). A linear correlation is shown to exist between log ΔHmsl and −δ. The δ values are also obtained from Arrhenius plots of ln ΔHmsl vs T-1 and they agree well with the values derived from the g values and the reduction potentials.
The stanford mobile visual search data set (2011)

We survey popular data sets used in computer vision literature and point out their limitations for mobile visual search applications. To overcome many of the limitations, we propose the Stanford Mobile Visual Search data set. The data set contains camera-phone images of products, CDs, books, outdoor landmarks, business cards, text documents, museum paintings and video clips. The data set has several key characteristics lacking in existing data sets: rigid objects, widely varying lighting conditions, perspective distortion, foreground and background clutter, realistic ground-truth reference data, and query data collected from heterogeneous low and high-end camera phones. We hope that the data set will help push research forward in the field of mobile visual search.
CD26+ Fibroblasts Increase in Abundance in Breast Capsule Tissue Surrounding Irradiated Breasts (2019)

Borrelli, Mimi R. MBBS; Patel, Ronak A. BA; Nguyen, Dung MD; Momeni, Arash MD; Longaker, Michael T. MD, MBA, FACS; Wan, Derrick C. MD, FACS Author Information
Synthesis and physical properties of isostearic acids and their esters (2010)

Abstract Saturated branched‐chain fatty acids (sbc‐FAs) are found as minor constituents in several natural fats and oils. Sbc‐FAs are of interest since they have lower melting points than their linear counterparts and exhibit good oxidative stability; properties that make them ideally suited in a number of applications. We (and others) have previously synthesized sbc‐FAs by clay‐ or zeolite‐catalyzed isomerization of unsaturated linear‐chain fatty acids (ulc‐FAs) to unsaturated branched‐chain fatty acids (ubc‐FAs) that were subsequently hydrogenated to the desired sbc‐FAs. These acid‐catalyzed isomerization reactions, however, proceed in moderate conversion and selectivity. Recently, our group found that H‐Ferrierite zeolite catalyst isomerized ulc‐FAs to their branched‐chain counterparts in high conversion (&gt;95%) and selectivity (85%). This paper reports the use of this type of catalyst for the preparation of a series of sbc‐FAs and their ester derivatives. Selected physical properties of these branched acids and esters such as cloud point (CP) and pour point (PP), cold filter plugging point (CFPP), viscosity index (VI), thermo‐oxidation stability, iodine value, and lubricity are also reported.
Agricultural pesticide exposure and the molecular connection to lymphomagenesis (2009)

The t(14;18) translocation constitutes the initiating event of a causative cascade leading to follicular lymphoma (FL). t(14;18) translocations are present in blood from healthy individuals, but there is a trend of increased prevalence in farmers exposed to pesticides, a group recently associated with higher risk of t(14;18)(+) non-Hodgkin's lymphoma development. A direct connection between agricultural pesticide use, t(14;18) in blood, and malignant progression, however, has not yet been demonstrated. We followed t(14;18) clonal evolution over 9 yr in a cohort of farmers exposed to pesticides. We show that exposed individuals bear particularly high t(14;18) frequencies in blood because of a dramatic clonal expansion of activated t(14;18)(+) B cells. We further demonstrate that such t(14;18)(+) clones recapitulate the hallmark features of developmentally blocked FL cells, with some displaying aberrant activation-induced cytidine deaminase activity linked to malignant progression. Collectively, our data establish that expanded t(14;18)(+) clones constitute bona fide precursors at various stages of FL development, and provide a molecular connection between agricultural pesticide exposure, t(14;18) frequency in blood, and clonal progression.