gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Photoinduced Degradation of Polymer and Polymer–Fullerene Active Layers: Experiment and Theory (2010)

Abstract As organic photovoltaic efficiencies steadily improve, understanding degradation pathways becomes increasingly important. In this paper, the stability under prolonged illumination of a prototypical polymer:fullerene active layer is studied without the complications introduced by additional layers and interfaces in complete devices. Combining contactless photoconductivity with spectroscopy, structural characterization at the molecular and film level, and quantum chemical calculations, the mechanism of photoinduced degradation in bulk heterojunctions of poly (3‐hexylthiophene) (P3HT) and [6,6]‐phenyl C61‐butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) is studied. Bare films are subjected to four conditions for 1000 h with either constant illumination or dark and either ambient or inert atmosphere. All samples are found to be intrinsically stable for 1000+ h under inert conditions, in contrast to complete devices. While PCBM stabilizes P3HT films exposed to air, its fullerene cage is found to undergo a series of oxidations that are responsible for the deterioration of the photoconductivity of the material. Quantum chemical calculations show that PCBM oxides have deeper LUMO levels than pristine PCBM and therefore act as traps for electrons in the PCBM domains.
A Facile Synthesis of Organotin(IV) Carboxylates: Application as Single Source Precursor for Deposition of Tin Oxide Thin Films and Evaluation of Biological Activities (2018)

Abstract Herein, we report synthesis of novel organotin(IV) carboxylates i.e; [(C 6 H 5 ) 3 Sn(C 10 H 14 NO 3 )] B1 and [(C 4 H 9 ) 3 Sn(C 10 H 14 NO 3 )] B2 by reacting triphenyltin hydroxide and bis (tributyltin) oxide with as‐prepared ligand 3‐cyclohexylcarbamoyl‐acrylic acid A under inert atmosphere. The as‐synthesized complexes were characterized by elemental analysis (CHNS), fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy( 1 H‐NMR, 13 C‐NMR) and mass spectrometry (EI‐MS). The structures of both as‐prepared tin complexes B1 and B2 were determined by single crystal X‐ray crystallography. Thermogravimetric analysis has shown single step decomposition of both these complexes. The as‐prepared complexes were used as single source precursor for the deposition of tin oxide thin films at 350 °C and 400 °C by aerosol assisted chemical deposition (AACVD) on bare and at 400 °C on carbon nanodots pre‐coated glass substrate. The as‐deposited thin films were characterized by powdered X‐rays diffraction (pXRD), field emission scanning electron microscope (FE‐SEM) and energy dispersive X‐rays spectroscopy (EDX). Furthermore, antimicrobial, anti‐oxidant and cytotoxicity studies of both complexes showed moderate to good biological activities. Thus, as‐prepared novel complexes have potential applications in materials as‐well as in medicinal chemistry.
Systems-Genetics-Based Inference of a Core Regulatory Network Underlying White Fat Browning (2019)

Recruitment of brite/beige cells, known as browning of white adipose tissue (WAT), is an efficient way to turn an energy-storing organ into an energy-dissipating one and may therefore be of therapeutic value in combating obesity. However, a comprehensive understanding of the regulatory mechanisms mediating WAT browning is still lacking. Here, we exploit the large natural variation in WAT browning propensity between inbred mouse strains to gain an inclusive view of the core regulatory network coordinating this cellular process. Combining comparative transcriptomics, perturbation-based validations, and gene network analyses, we present a comprehensive gene regulatory network of inguinal WAT browning, revealing up to four distinct regulatory modules with key roles for uncovered transcriptional factors, while also providing deep insights into the genetic architecture of brite adipogenesis. The presented findings therefore greatly increase our understanding of the molecular drivers mediating the intriguing cellular heterogeneity and plasticity of adipose tissue.
Patient Management in the Emergency Department by Advanced Care Paramedics (2012)

We describe an emergency department process using Advanced Care Paramedics in the management of patients identified as ambulatory and low acuity, or those able to be managed without an emergency nurse. Patients streamed in this way had shorter stays than other emergency patients, without affecting the care of the latter. The process was associated with improved patient flow indicators in spite of an increased patient burden.
ASSESSMENT OF THE IDENTITY AND BIODEGRADATION POTENTIAL OF HYDROCARBONS IN AN OIL SANDS PIT LAKE (2018)

Efforts are underway to develop effective methods to manage tailings and reclaim the land impacted by the mining and extraction of bitumen from the Alberta oil sands. Syncrude Canada Ltd. has undertaken the first full scale demonstration of water-capped Fluid Fine Tailings (FFT) via the development of Base Mine Lake (BML), an oil sands pit lake commissioned in 2012. A key component of this reclamation technology is the maintenance of an oxic water column which is required to support ecosystem functioning within the lake and provides the most effective conditions for the biodegradation of any toxic organics. However, the oxidation of dissolved methane released from the underlying tailings can reduce dissolved oxygen levels in the water column and impede EPL function. Methane is produced primarily via fermentation of organic residues within the tailings. Understanding the character, abundance, and variability of these organics will enable assessment of methane generation potential from the tailings and inform future management decisions. In this study, fluid fine tailings (FFT) samples were collected from 2 depths at 3 locations, and two time points from BML. Gravimetric analysis of total lipid extracts (TLEs) indicated that the total solvent extractable material was present at 25-42 mg/g. After fractionation on silica gel it was found that the TLE was dominated by the polar fraction (30- 52 %) while the saturates and aromatics ranged between 21-43 % each. Subsequently, these fractions were analyzed using multidimensional gas chromatography (GC-GC) in order to resolve the individual compound families that could have the greatest role in methane generation. GCGC based analysis of the TLEs showed that the primary group of compounds present are well resolved groups of C1-C5alkylated aromatics, branched and cyclic branched alkanes in addition to steranes and hopanes. These compounds were present in all of the samples, however the abundance of the alkylated aromatics and alkanes compared to the internal standard showed a variability spatially and temporally while the steranes and hopanes were invariant. Ongoing research will further assess the distribution patterns and variability of these compounds in order to determine their biodegradation potential and role in methane generation.
Fabrication and Feasibility of Through Silicon Via for 3D MEMS Resonator Integration (2019)

In this study, development of a wafer level, void free TSV fabrication process flow and feasibility study of TSV integration to MEMS piezoelectric resonator devices have been presented. TSV structures with 100 μm diameter and 350 μm depth were copper filled with via sealing and bottom-up electroplating process which is a two-step technique. Four-point Kelvin measurements showed 0.8 mΩ TSV resistance on fabricated TSVs. Furthermore, TSV frames were epoxy bonded to MEMS acoustic transducers, which showed 90% to the resonator signal from the TSV.
In-vitro activity of D0870, a new triazole antifungal drug, in comparison with fluconazole and itraconazole against Aspergillus fumigatus and Candida krusei (1997)

The activity of the new triazole antifungal D0870 was compared with those of itraconazole and fluconazole against Candida krusei and Aspergillus fumigatus, two fungi showing inherent tolerance of fluconazole. The activity of D0870 resembled that of itraconazole against whole cells of C. krusei, but it was less effective against A. fumigatus. However, the effect on sterol biosynthesis, in terms of the sterol type accumulating and IC50 for in-vitro biosynthesis, appeared similar in both species. The superior antifungal effect of D0870 over fluconazole appeared related to better inhibition of ergosterol biosynthesis in A. fumigatus, but in C. krusei this did not account for the entire difference which may result mainly from reduced efflux of drug.
A reinvestigation of the Meerwein‐Ponndorf‐Verley reduction A highly efficient variation using zirconium catalysts (1995)

Abstract A new variation of the Meerwein‐Ponndorf‐Verley reduction based on mechanistic considerations is presented. Under optimized conditions 1‐(4‐dimethylaminophenyl)ethanol was used as the reducing alcohol (2–4 equiv.), Zr(O‐ t Bu) 4 as the catalyst (0.2 equiv.), and toluene or cyclohexane as the solvent. Aldehydes and ketones (if not extremely sterically hindered) were reduced to the corresponding alcohols at room temperature mostly within 2–4 h in essentially quantitative yield. α,β‐Unsaturated carbonyl compounds cleanly react in a 1,2‐mode to afford the corresponding allylic alcohols.
Mechanical properties of polycaprolactone (PCL) scaffolds for hybrid 3D-bioprinting with alginate-gelatin hydrogel (2022)

The generation of artificial human tissue by 3D-bioprinting has expanded significantly as a clinically relevant research topic in recent years. However, to produce a complex and viable tissue, in-depth biological understanding and advanced printing techniques are required with a high number of process parameters. Here, we systematically evaluate the process parameters relevant for a hybrid bioprinting process based on fused-deposition modeling (FDM) of thermoplastic material and microextrusion of a cell-laden hydrogel. First, we investigated the effect of the printing temperature of polycaprolactone (PCL), on the junction strength between individual fused filaments and on the viability of immortalized mesenchymal stem cells (iMSC) in the surrounding alginate-gelatin-hydrogel. It was found that a printing temperature of 140 °C and bonds with an angle of 90° between the filaments provided a good compromise between bonding strength of the filaments and the viability of the surrounding cells. Using these process parameters obtained from individual fused filaments, we then printed cubic test structures with a volume of 10 × 10 × 10 mm<sup>3</sup> with different designs of infill patterns. The variations in mechanical strength of these cubes were measured for scaffolds made of PCL-only as well as for hydrogel-filled PCL scaffolds printed by alternating hybrid bioprinting of PCL and hydrogel, layer by layer. The bare scaffolds showed a compressive modulus of up to 6 MPa, close to human hard tissue, that decreased to about 4 MPa when PCL was printed together with hydrogel. The scaffold design suited best for hybrid printing was incubated with cell-laden hydrogel and showed no degradation of its mechanical strength for up to 28 days.
Insulin and the Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (1996)

The cardinal clinical manifestations of the polycystic ovary syndrome are hirsutism and anovulation, oligomenorrhea, or amenorrhea. About half the women with this syndrome are obese, and some have diabetes mellitus. Underlying these clinical abnormalities is an array of biochemical abnormalities that have defied simple explanation. Among them, the most important are increased serum concentrations of total and free testosterone, decreased serum sex hormone–binding globulin concentrations, increased serum luteinizing hormone concentrations, and hyperinsulinemia. Not all affected women have all these biochemical abnormalities, but in the aggregate, these findings, along with the clinical abnormalities, are characteristic of the syndrome.1 Anatomically, most of . . .
Supplementary Materials and Methods from HSPB1 Inhibits the Endothelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition to Suppress Pulmonary Fibrosis and Lung Tumorigenesis (2023)

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Arriving on time: estimating travel time distributions on large-scale road networks (2013)

Most optimal routing problems focus on minimizing travel time or distance traveled. Oftentimes, a more useful objective is to maximize the probability of on-time arrival, which requires statistical distributions of travel times, rather than just mean values. We propose a method to estimate travel time distributions on large-scale road networks, using probe vehicle data collected from GPS. We present a framework that works with large input of data, and scales linearly with the size of the network. Leveraging the planar topology of the graph, the method computes efficiently the time correlations between neighboring streets. First, raw probe vehicle traces are compressed into pairs of travel times and number of stops for each traversed road segment using a `stop-and-go' algorithm developed for this work. The compressed data is then used as input for training a path travel time model, which couples a Markov model along with a Gaussian Markov random field. Finally, scalable inference algorithms are developed for obtaining path travel time distributions from the composite MM-GMRF model. We illustrate the accuracy and scalability of our model on a 505,000 road link network spanning the San Francisco Bay Area.
High-power, continuous-wave, singly resonant, intracavity optical parametric oscillator (1998)

A high-power continuous-wave optical parametric oscillator based on the nonlinear material KTiOAsO4 and pumped internal to a tunable Ti:sapphire laser is described. The use of the intracavity pumping approach has enabled operation of a singly resonant oscillator (SRO), resulting in the generation of as much as 1.46 W of infrared power in a 11.5-mm-long crystal. Amplitude-stable signal and idler outputs, each in excess of 500 mW, over the respective wavelength ranges of 1.11–1.20 and 2.44–2.86 μm have been extracted from the SRO. We demonstrate up to 90% down-conversion of the optimum Ti:sapphire output power to the SRO, confirming our recent theoretical predictions. The performance characteristics of the device demonstrate that practical, stable, and efficient operation of continuous-wave SROs at watt-level output power can be readily achieved in conventional birefringent materials by exploiting the intracavity pumping approach.
Effect of electrolyte properties on current efficiency of bipolar packed bed electrodes. (1984)

Electric current densities via different pathways and current efficiencies were evaluated in a bipolar packed bed electrode cell of 0.1m × 0.1m in cross section and 0.2m in height. The particulate electrodes were cylindrical ferrite pellets 6mm in diameter and 6mm long. The bypass current density was dependent on electrical conductivity of electrolyte, solid holdup, cell configuration and cell voltage. The Faradaic current density under the mass transfer-controlling condition was simulated with the mass transfer coefficient in packed bed, the ratio of effective area to surface area of each pellet, solid holdup and depolarizer concentration. The overall current efficiency was expressed as a function of bypass current density, Faradaic current density and actual current efficiency. Introduction of inert gas bubbles increased the maximum current efficiency by about 15%.
Timing driven gate duplication (2004)

In the past few years, gate duplication has been studied as a strategy for cutset minimization in partitioning problems. This paper addresses the problem of delay optimization by gate duplication. We present an algorithm to solve the gate duplication problem. It traverses the network from primary outputs(PO) to primary inputs(PI) in topologically sorted order evaluating tuples at the input pins of gates. The tuple's first component corresponds to the input pin required time if that gate is not duplicated. The second component corresponds to the input pin required time if that gate were duplicated. After tuple evaluation the algorithm traverses the network from PI to PO in topologically sorted order, deciding the gates to be duplicated. The last and final traversal is again from PO to PI, in which the gates are physically duplicated. Our algorithm uses the dynamic programming structure. We report delay improvements over other optimization methodologies. Gate duplication, along with other optimization strategies, can be used for meeting the stringent delay constraints in today's ultra complex designs.
Induction and quantification of γ-H2AX foci following low and high LET-irradiation (2006)

Gamma-radiation and alpha-radiation induced the phosphorylation of H2AX in response to DSB at low doses; the variation in the rate of dephosphorylation of induced foci are dependent both on radiation quality and cell characteristics.
Ab initio study of the low-temperature phases of lithium imide (2010)

We present a low-temperature structural model for lithium imide (Li[subscript 2]NH) that is consistent with experimental studies. Using the cluster expansion formalism and density-functional theory, we have identified a low-energy crystal structure for lithium imide with 96 atoms per unit cell. This low-energy structure is consistent with experimental diffraction patterns, and we propose that the symmetry of the structure may be increased at finite temperature due to thermal fluctuations. In addition, our results suggest that lithium motion is relatively facile between octahedral and tetrahedral sites, which may help explain how lithium diffuses through this material.
Development of Automatic Identification for Color Coded Targets (2010)

The 3 Dimensional Measuring System is a device to obtain the 3 dimensional coordinates of an object, using its numerous photo-images taken from different angles. This method basically requires the exact identification of the same corresponding points of all the obtained photo-images. But the more numerous are the images, the longer and harder it becomes if we depend on the manual work. To solve this problem we have developed colour-coded targets and a special algorithm with software, which automatically identifies the corresponding targets. The color code target that we developed has several features. The kinds of the color used for the code is six. On each target the same color should be used only in one place. Thus we could obtain 720 different combinations for the codes. However, in every actual situation, the condition of light, photo-taking and printing varies or is different and this create color-shift. To solve this problem, we added the sections to the target as a standard color reference or criterion parts. Thus by comparing the color in code-color section with these reference parts the correct identification of the color is always guaranteed and the color shift can be completely ignored. We made careful experiments and verified its efficiency with the very satisfactory result.
Isolation and characterization of a cDNA encoding a Xenopus 70-kDa heat shock cognate protein, Hsc70.I (1996)

We isolated a full-length cDNA clone encoding a Xenopus laevis 70-kDa heat shock cognate protein, hsc70.I. The protein coding region exhibits a high degree of identity with a number of mammalian hsc70 proteins, such as rat hsc71 (92%), whereas the identity to Xenopus hsp70 is only 80%. These data suggest that the inducible and constitutive forms of hsp70 diverged long before the emergence of amphibians. The Xenopus hsc70.I contains a number of conserved elements, including the ATP-binding domain, a nuclear localization signal and the carboxy-terminal EEVD motif, which has been implicated in several activities associated with chaperonin function. Northern blot analyses revealed that maternal hsc70.I mRNA is present in cleavage and early blastula stages of Xenopus development. After the onset of zygotic transcription at the midblastula stage, the levels of hsc70.I message increase through to the tadpole stages. Furthermore, in contrast to hsp70 mRNA, the relative levels of hsc70.I mRNA are not enhanced after heat shock in embryos and in the kidney epithelial cell line, A6. The levels of hsc70.I mRNA are high in adult spleen and testis, with moderate levels in eye, heart, liver and brain and comparatively low levels in hindlimb muscle.
Changes in fecal short‐chain fatty acids following fecal microbiota transplantation in patients with irritable bowel syndrome (2020)

FMT increases the fecal SCFA levels in IBS patients. The increase in the butyric acid level is inversely correlated with symptoms in IBS patients following FMT, suggesting that SCFAs might play a role in the pathophysiology of IBS. www.clini​caltr​ials.gov (NCT03822299).
[Serum hemopexin: suppressive effect on neutrophil functions and prospect of clinical application to autoimmune diseases]. (2004)

Hemopexin is a serum glycoprotein with a high binding affinity for heme, and is known as a scavenger/transporter of heme. Recent studies indicated that purified hemopexin suppresses neutrophil adhesion and phagocytosis by a mechanism unrelated to heme-binding, suggesting a novel activity of hemopexin. Unidentified serum factor in combination with Ca2+ dampens the effect of hemopexin. So, hemopexin in peripheral blood may not act as an inhibitor of neutrophil function. However, because hemopexin is synthesized in injured peripheral nerves, it may be hypothesized that hemopexin has an anti-inflammatory role in nerve repair by suppressing phagocyte accumulation/phagocytosis. Further studies of hemopexin may provide new therapeutic strategies aimed at suppressing neutrophil functions to control inflammation and tissue injury, especially in autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis.
Low temperature magnetic cores and a preamp for low impedance cryogenic sources (1981)

The permeabilities at 10 KHz of a number of commercial magnetic materials have been measured at 293, 77, and 4.2 K. Supermalloy and Metglas 2826 (a metallic glass) were measured from 100 Hz to 5 MHz at these temperatures, and the complex permeability vs frequency of Matglas at 4.2 K is presented. These measurements show that Metglas has very little temperature variation in its permeability, but possesses slightly less permeability at 4.2 K than Supermalloy, at all frequencies, in spite of annealing and careful handling. Using Metglas, a matching transformer was fabricated to couple low impedance, cryogenic sources to a low noise JFET. This resulted in a 5-dB noise figure from 20 to 60 KHz for a 10-Ω source at 4.2 K.