gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Bark as feedstock for dual fluidized bed gasifiers-Operability, efficiency, and economics (2019)

The demand for biofuels and biochemicals is expected to increase in the future, which will in turn increase the demand for biomass feedstock. Large gasification plants fueled with biomass feedstock are likely to be a key enabling technology in a resource-efficient, bio-based economy. Furthermore, the costs for producing biofuels and biochemicals in such plants could potentially be decreased by utilizing inexpensive low-grade residual biomass as feedstock. This study investigates the usage of shredded tree bark as a feedstock for the production of biomethane in the GoBiGas demonstration plant in Gothenburg, Sweden, based on a 32 MWth industrial dual fluidized bed gasification unit. The plant was operated with bark feedstock for 12 000 hours during the period 2014 to 2018. Data from the measurement campaign were processed using a stochastic approach to establish the plant's mass and energy balances, which were then compared with operation of the plant with wood pellets. For this comparison, an extrapolation algorithm was developed to predict plant performance using bark dried to the same moisture content as wood pellets, ie, 8%w.b. Plant operation with bark feedstock was evaluated for operability, efficiency, and feedstock-related cost. The gas quality achieved during the test period was similar to that obtained for operation with wood pellets. Furthermore, no significant ash sintering or agglomeration problems were observed more than 750 hours of operation. The calculated biomass-to-biomethane efficiency is 43% to 47% (lower heating value basis) for operation with wet bark. However, the predicted biomass-to-biomethane efficiency can be increased to 55%–65% for operation with bark feedstock dried to 8% moisture content, with corresponding feedstock costs in the range of 24.2 to 32.7 EUR/MWh; ie, a cost reduction of about 40% compared with wood pellets.
Growth and metal–oxide–semiconductor field-effect transistors of corundum-structured alpha indium oxide semiconductors (2015)

The growth of corundum-structured α-In2O3, showing an X-ray diffraction (0006) rocking curve full-width at half maximum of 185 arcsec and electron Hall mobility of 130 cm2 V−1 s−1, was demonstrated on a sapphire substrate with an α-Ga2O3 buffer layer. An MOSFET of α-In2O3 exhibited pinch-off characteristics and an on–off ratio of drain current of 106. The use of mist chemical vapor deposition for the insulator-semiconductor structure was advantageous for low-cost devices.
Adolescent growth in height and its relation to menarche in contemporary American girls (1983)

Height measurements at frequent intervals, from age six to adulthood, of 338 middle-class American girls are used to examine contemporary height and height velocity at specified ages, the characteristics of the adolescent growth spurt and its relation to menarche. These data, analysed by fitting to a mathematical model (Preece and Baines 1978), are presented as tables of means and standard deviations, percentiles and correlations. There is no evidence of a trend towards increased or accelerated growth in height; in the United States and Western Europe, girls have been the same height at specified ages, and have grown at the same rate, for the past 45 years, at least. Examination of the data plots and the growth statistics of all 338 girls revealed a group of 67 girls (designated E) who are different from the remaining 271 girls (designated S). Plots of the E girls show no discernible growth spurt. Compared with the S girls, they are significantly taller at specified ages; velocities are greater at ages 6 and 9 but less at age 12. During the growth spurt, and at menarche, they are taller but not older. Their adult height is greater and is reached later. Their velocity at takeoff is greater but, at peak, smaller; spurt intensity is much lower. Their adolescent growth spurt contributes less to adult height. For all 338 girls (the E as well as the S subgroup), adult height is correlated only with height during the growth spurt and is virtually independent of spurt timing, whereas menarche is strongly correlated with spurt timing and very little with height. Additional indications that menarche is unrelated to size are that E girls at menarche are significantly taller but not older than the S girls, and that 19 prematurely-born girls at menarche are shorter than girls born at full term but the same age.
Histopathological diagnosis of tumour deposits in colorectal cancer: a Delphi consensus study (2021)

Aims Tumour deposits (TDs) are an important prognostic marker in colorectal cancer. However, the classification, and inclusion in staging, of TDs has changed significantly in each tumour–node–metastasis (TNM) edition since their initial description in TNM‐5, and terminology remains controversial. Expert consensus is needed to guide the future direction of precision staging. Methods and results A modified Delphi consensus process was used. Statements were formulated and sent to participants as an online survey. Participants were asked to rate their agreement with each statement on a five‐point Likert scale and also to suggest additional statements for discussion. These responses were circulated together with anonymised comments, and statements were modified prior to carrying out a second online round. Consensus was set at 70%. Overall, 32 statements reached consensus. There were concerns that TDs were currently incorrectly placed in the TNM system and that their prognostic importance was being underestimated. There were concerns regarding interobserver variation and it was felt that a clearer, more reproducible definition of TDs was needed. Conclusions Our main recommendations are that the number of TDs should be recorded even if lymph node metastases (LNMs) are also present and that nodules with evidence of origin [extramural venous invasion (EMVI), perineural invasion (PNI), lymphatic invasion (LI)] should still be categorised as TDs and not excluded, as TNM‐8 specifies. Whether TDs should continue to be included in the N category at all is controversial, and did not achieve consensus; however, participants agreed that TDs are prognostically worse than LNMs and the N1c category is suboptimal, as it does not reflect this.
A 0.2-mW 2-Mb/s Digital Transceiver Based on Wideband Signaling for Human Body Communications (2007)

This paper presents a low-power wideband signaling (WBS) digital transceiver for data transmission through a human body for body area network applications. The low-power and highspeed human body communication (HBC) utilizes a digital transceiver chip based on WBS and adopts a direct-coupled interface (DCI) which uses an electrode of 50-Omega impedance. The channel investigation with the DCI identities an optimum channel bandwidth of 10 kHz to 100 MHz. The WBS digital transceiver exploits a direct digital transmitter and an all-digital clock and data recovery (CDR) circuit. To further reduce power consumption, the proposed CDR circuit incorporates a low-voltage digitally-controlled oscillator and a quadratic sampling technique. The WBS digital transceiver chip with a 0.25-mum standard CMOS technology has 2-Mb/s data rate at a bit error rate of 1.1 times 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-7</sup> , dissipating only 0.2 mW from a 1-V supply generated by a 1.5-V battery.
Steganography in Modern Smartphones and Mitigation Techniques (2014)

By offering sophisticated services and centralizing a huge volume of personal data, modern smartphones changed the way we socialize, entertain and work. To this aim, they rely upon complex hardware/software frameworks leading to a number of vulnerabilities, attacks and hazards to profile individuals or gather sensitive information. However, the majority of works evaluating the security degree of smartphones neglects steganography, which can be mainly used to: i) exfiltrate confidential data via camouflage methods, and ii) conceal valuable or personal information into innocent looking carriers. Therefore, this paper surveys the state of the art of steganographic techniques for smartphones, with emphasis on methods developed over the period 2005 to the second quarter of 2014. The different approaches are grouped according to the portion of the device used to hide information, leading to three different covert channels, i.e., local, object and network. Also, it reviews the relevant approaches used to detect and mitigate steganographic attacks or threats. Lastly, it showcases the most popular software applications to embed secret data into carriers, as well as possible future directions.
Clinical Evaluation of Propatylnitrate in Angina Pectoris (1961)

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~MEDICAL JOURNAL as an adjuvant to ganglion and adrenergic blocking drugs in the treatment of premalignant and malignant hypertension.
Impact of Post-Transplant Response and Minimal Residual Disease on Survival in Myeloma with High-Risk Cytogenetics (2017)

The impact of depth of response and minimal residual disease (MRD) status on survival is not well defined in multiple myeloma (MM) with high-risk (HR) cytogenetics because of the low representation of such patients in clinical trials. We have evaluated the impact of post-transplant stringent complete response (sCR) and MRD status on progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) in 185 consecutive MM patients with HR fluorescence in situ hybridization cytogenetics undergoing upfront autologous stem cell transplantation between 2007 and 2015 in our institution. The median age at transplant was 61 years. Post-transplant sCR was achieved by 42 patients (23%). Patients achieving sCR had a superior PFS (median, 38 versus 21 months) compared with those who did not (P = .002). One hundred three patients (56%) were MRD negative on day 100 by 6- or 7-color flow cytometry. Patients achieving MRD negativity had a superior PFS (median, 26 versus 17 months; P < .001) and superior OS (5-year OS rate, 64% versus 41%; P = .023) compared with MRD-positive patients. In the subgroups with deletion(17p) (n = 84) and those with ≥2 HR cytogenetic abnormalities (n = 32), sCR and MRD negativity did not translate into a superior PFS or OS. In patients with t(4;14) (n = 65), sCR post-transplant led to a trend toward superior PFS and MRD negativity translated into significantly superior PFS and OS. Depth of response and MRD status are important surrogate markers for survival in patients with HR cytogenetics, except in the subgroups with deletion(17p) and ≥2 HR abnormalities, where sCR and MRD negativity post-transplant did not translate into a superior survival.
An approach for functional safety improvement of an existing automotive system (2015)

Safety of automotive systems is becoming more involved, specially for the case of autonomous vehicles. The ISO 26262 standard offers a systematic approach for designing a safe road vehicle (or subsystems of a car) from design phase through its production. However, providing functional safety (according to ISO 26262) for an existing system is a challenge which needs further effort. This research addresses the problem of applying ISO 26262 to a system which has already been developed using conventional safety methods. We suggest a methodology for the process of systematically applying the ISO 26262 standard to an existing system.
Effects of Calcium Hydroxide and Tumor Growth Factor-β on Collagen Synthesis in Subcultures I and V of Osteoblasts (2000)

Collagen protein synthesis by osteoblasts is influenced by transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta 1) and is essential to bone formation. The effectiveness of TGF-beta 1 depends on efficient delivery of the growth factor to target cells, adequate binding to cell surface receptors, and an optimum environment for promotion of collagen synthesis. The effects of calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2), TGF-beta 1, and Ca(OH)2/TGF-beta 1 co-administration on total protein, collagen protein, and noncollagen protein synthesis by early (subculture I) and late (subculture V) osteoblast cultures were tested. TGF-beta 1 significantly increased all protein synthesis in subculture I osteoblasts (p = 0.001; p < 0.001; p = 0.019). Ca(OH)2/TGF-beta 1 co-administration significantly increased total protein and collagen protein levels in subculture I osteoblasts as well (p = 0.048; p = 0.012). TGF-beta 1 increased total protein and collagen protein synthesis significantly in subculture V cells (p = 0.025; p = 0.01). These data indicate that co-administration of Ca(OH)2 and TGF-beta 1 enhances collagen synthesis by osteoblasts and may have implications for the clinical setting.
TunaGAN: Interpretable GAN for Smart Editing (2019)

In this paper, we introduce a tunable generative adversary network (TunaGAN) that uses an auxiliary network on top of existing generator networks (Style-GAN) to modify high-resolution face images according to user's high-level instructions, with good qualitative and quantitative performance. To optimize for feature disentanglement, we also investigate two different latent space that could be traversed for modification. The problem of mode collapse is characterized in detail for model robustness. This work could be easily extended to content-aware image editor based on other GANs and provide insight on mode collapse problems in more general settings.
Radar Reflected Signal Process of High Spinning Rate Projectiles (2007)

By slotting at the bottom of the projectiles, the target characteristics such as the spinning rate and the attitude can be obtained by Doppler radar. The reflection of spin projectile is a nonstationary AM-FM signal. The index of AM represents the attitude of the projectile. And the modulation frequency shows the spinning rate. The model of the reflected waveform is given. Chirp-Z transform (CZT) is adopted to improve the measurement precision. The process approach and the complexity of CZT are present. Its time cost is in the same grade to FFT Simulation results and perspective are also given.
Synthesis of an N-3-guanidinopropylglycine (Narg) derivative as a versatile building block for solid-phase peptide and peptoid synthesis. (1995)

N-(2,2,5,7,8-Pentamethylchroman-6-sulfonyl)-N'-3- (N-9-fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl-glycinyl)propylguanidine (1) was prepared and utilized as an arginine surrogate (Narg) building block compatible with solid-phase synthesis according to the Fmoc methodology. Narg is potentially useful in the assembly of combinatorial compound libraries or in the preparation of modified peptides. The applicability of this building block was demonstrated by its incorporation into an analogue of Thr-Arg-Ser-Ala-Trp, a pentapeptide for which inhibition of osteoclastic bone resorption was claimed. The modified pentapeptide showed an increased proteolytic stability when compared to the original inhibitor.
Motion control of a two-link underactuated manipulator without state feedback of unactuated link (utilization of bifurcations under high-frequency excitation) (2005)

A motion control technique for a two-link underactuated manipulator without state feedback control of the unactuated link is proposed; the manipulator can be moved in the vertical plane and the first and second links are actuated and unactuated, respectively. The usual control methods of the underactuated manipulators are based on the feedback of states of not only active link but also unactuated link. On the other hand, the proposed method does not require the information with respect to the motion of the unactuated link and not utilize the state feedback control of the unactuated link. The various bifurcation phenomena are emerged in the unactuated link by high-frequency excitation of the actuated first link. By using the nonlinear characteristics it is carried out to swing up to the upright position which is statically unstable and to stabilize the position. Experimental results indicate the validity of the proposed method for the underactuated manipulator.
Studies on Mannan in Wood Pulp (1957)

β-Cellulose extracted from dissolving pulp with 10% aqueous sodium hydroxide, and γ-cellulose from hard sulphite pulp were fractionated into mannan, xylan and cellulose fractions according to the procedure of Hess and Lüdtke. From the results obtained it was found that the repeating fractionations caused no increase in the mannan content being more over 40% in β-mannan fraction and 50% in γ-mannan fraction, while xylan and cellulose fractions were isolated with satisfactory results. The purified β-mannan contained mannose, glucose and xylose at the ratio of 10:15:0.8, and the γ-mannan consisted of these sugars at the ratio of 10:9:1. These two mannan fractions were differed from each other in the properties of their copper complex, resistances to acid hydrolysis, and degree of polymerizations. The β-mannan was considered to consist of two parts, one of which was the degraded cellulose and the other the easily hydrolyzable γ-mannan.
Ultrasonic manipulation of particles and cells. Ultrasonic separation of cells. (1994)

Cells or particles suspended in a sonic standing wave field experience forces which concentrate them at positions separated by half a wavelength. The aims of the study were: (1) To optimise conditions and test theoretical predictions for ultrasonic concentration and separation of particles or cells. (2) To investigate the scale-up of experimental systems. (3) To establish the maximum acoustic pressure to which a suspension might be exposed without inducing order-disrupting cavitation. (4) To compare the efficiencies of techniques for harvesting concentrated particles. The primary outcomes were: (1) To design of an acoustic pressure distribution within cylindrical containers which led to uniformly repeating sound pressure patterns throughout the containers in the standing wave mode, concentrated suspended eukaryotic cells or latex beads in clumps on the axis of wide containers, and provided uniform response of all particle clumps to acoustic harvesting regimes. Theory for the behaviour (e.g. movement to different preferred sites) of particles as a function of specific gravity and compressibility in containers of different lateral dimensions was extended and was confirmed experimentally. Convective streaming in the container was identified as a variable requiring control in the manipulation of particles of 1 micron or smaller size. (2) Consideration of scale-up from the model 10 ml volume led to the conclusion that flow systems in intermediate volume containers have more promise than scaled up batch systems. (3) The maximum acoustic pressures applicable to a suspension without inducing order-disrupting cavitation or excessive conductive streaming at 1 MHz and 3 MHz induce a force equivalent to a centrifugal field of about 10(3) g. (4) The most efficient technique for harvesting concentrated particles was the introduction of a frequency increment between two transducers to form a slowly sweeping pseudo-standing wave. The attractive inter-droplet ultrasonic standing wave force was employed to enhance the rate of aqueous biphasic cell separation and harvesting. The results help clarify the particle size, concentration, density and compressibility for which standing wave separation techniques can contribute either on a process engineering scale or on the scale of the manipulation of small particles for industrial and medical diagnostic procedures.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of a New Phospholipase A2 Inhibitor of an Aldehyde Terpenoid and Its Possible Inhibitory Mechanism. (1998)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
[Benzalkonium chloride--a relevant contact allergen or irritant? Results of a multicenter study of the German Contact Allergy Group]. (1993)

At eight dermatological clinics, a total of 2146 patients were tested between May 1990 and December 1991 to determine the significance of the preservative benzalkonium chloride in inducing allergic contact dermatitis and to evaluate recommendations for patch testing. In 225 cases an allergic reaction was proven, with 258 irritant reactions in addition. Only 12 cases were clinically relevant. Therefore, benzalkonium chloride is considered a weak allergen. A doubtful (erythema) or an incipient positive (with occasional papules) reaction may be regarded as an irritant reaction. In isolated cases a "repeated open application test" (ROAT) should be applied to determine clinical relevance. Our recommendation for patch testing is 0.1% benzalkonium chloride in vaseline, and also in water for special cases.
A Call to Action to Bring Safer Parenteral Micronutrient Products to the U.S. Market (2015)

The American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition (A.S.P.E.N.) started an intensive review of commercially available parenteral vitamin and trace element (TE) products in 2009. The chief findings were that adult multi-TE products currently available in the United States (U.S.) provide potentially toxic amounts of manganese, copper, and chromium, and neonatal/pediatric multi-TE products provide potentially toxic amounts of manganese and chromium. The multivitamin products appeared safe and effective; however, a separate parenteral vitamin D product is needed for those patients on standard therapy who continue to be vitamin D depleted and are unresponsive to oral supplements. The review process also extended to parenteral choline and carnitine. Although choline and carnitine are not technically vitamins or trace elements, choline is an essential nutrient in all age groups, and carnitine is an essential nutrient in infants, according to the Food and Nutrition Board of the Institute of Medicine. A parenteral choline product needs to be developed and available. Efforts are currently under way to engage the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the parenteral nutrient industry so A.S.P.E.N.'s recommendations can become a commercial reality.
Supplementary Table 2 from A Candidate Molecular Biomarker Panel for the Detection of Bladder Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 29K, A 43‐gene model generated by applying a feature selection algorithm that performs multivariate data analyses on high‐dimensional data without making any assumptions about the underlying data distribution&lt;/p&gt;
Biotransformation of the Mycotoxin Deoxynivalenol in Fusarium Resistant and Susceptible Near Isogenic Wheat Lines (2015)

In this study, a total of nine different biotransformation products of the Fusarium mycotoxin deoxynivalenol (DON) formed in wheat during detoxification of the toxin are characterized by liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS). The detected metabolites suggest that DON is conjugated to endogenous metabolites via two major metabolism routes, namely 1) glucosylation (DON-3-glucoside, DON-di-hexoside, 15-acetyl-DON-3-glucoside, DON-malonylglucoside) and 2) glutathione conjugation (DON-S-glutathione, "DON-2H"-S-glutathione, DON-S-cysteinyl-glycine and DON-S-cysteine). Furthermore, conjugation of DON to a putative sugar alcohol (hexitol) was found. A molar mass balance for the cultivar 'Remus' treated with 1 mg DON revealed that under the test conditions approximately 15% of the added DON were transformed into DON-3-glucoside and another 19% were transformed to the remaining eight biotransformation products or irreversibly bound to the plant matrix. Additionally, metabolite abundance was monitored as a function of time for each DON derivative and was established for six DON treated wheat lines (1 mg/ear) differing in resistance quantitative trait loci (QTL) Fhb1 and/or Qfhs.ifa-5A. All cultivars carrying QTL Fhb1 showed similar metabolism kinetics: Formation of DON-Glc was faster, while DON-GSH production was less efficient compared to cultivars which lacked the resistance QTL Fhb1. Moreover, all wheat lines harboring Fhb1 showed significantly elevated D3G/DON abundance ratios.