gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Temperature effects on platinum single-crystal electrodes (2012)

This work reviews three different approaches for the study of temperature effects on the platinum single-crystal | solution interphase. First, the method of analysis of temperature-dependent voltammetric data with the help of a generalized isotherm is described and illustrated for the case of adsorbed hydrogen and OH species on Pt(111) in 0.1 M HClO4. This method of analysis allows a detailed evaluation of the thermodynamic data of charge-transfer adsorbed species, namely, the standard molar Gibbs energy, enthalpy and entropy of adsorption and the magnitude of the lateral interaction between adsorbed species. However, a number of assumptions are involved in the application of a generalized isotherm, namely, the assumption of a Langmuirian configurational term and an arbitrary separation of capacitive and faradaic processes. The second approach described here overcomes these assumptions, since it employs Gibbs thermodynamic equations for interphaces to describe temperature effects on electrosorption processes including those in which charge-transfer is allowed. This approach allows evaluation of the entropy of formation of the interphase, being defined as the difference in entropy of the components of the interphase when they are forming it and when they are in the bulk phases. This method of analysis is illustrated through the evaluation of the entropy of formation of the interphase for Pt(111) in 0.1 M HClO4. Finally, it is shown that temperature effects on interfacial processes can also be studied by means of the application of a fast temperature perturbation. This approach opens the possibility to separate the effect of temperature on the different components of the interphase. The fast temperature perturbation is usually achieved with short laser pulses, and hence the method is called the laser-induced temperature jump method. This approach is illustrated here for the case of Pt(111) in 1 mM HClO4 + 0.1 M KClO4, and it is shown that the corresponding laser-induced transients provide direct evidence on the reorientation of the interfacial water network.
323 Health-Care Utilization and Bundled Payment Reimbursement for Patients Undergoing Anterior and Posterior Procedures for Degenerative Cervical Radiculopathy (2018)

Alhourani, Ahmad MD; Sharma, Mayur MD, MCh; Ugiliweneza, Beatrice MSPH; Nuno, Miriam PhD; Drazin, Doniel; Boakye, Maxwell MD Author Information
Green’s-function theory for row and periodic defect arrays in photonic band structures (1996)

The defect modes associated with a row or a periodic array of defects in a two-dimensional photonic band structure are studied using exact Green's-function methods. Specifically, we consider the above-described defect problems created in a pure photonic band-structure system that models an experimental system recently investigated by McCall et al. This is a square lattice array of cylindrical rods formed of linear dielectric material with \ensuremath{\epsilon}=9 surrounded by vacuum and of filling fraction f=0.4488. In one study a row of rods is replaced in the photonic band structure by a row of impurity rods that may be of either linear or nonlinear dielectric material, and conditions are determined for the existence of impurity modes, associated with the impurity array, in the photonic band gap. The electric fields of the impurity modes are computed for impurity modes in the gaps. In a second study, a two-dimensionally periodic array of defects is introduced into the photonic band structure such that the periodicity of the defect array may or may not coincide with the periodicity of the original photonic band structure. The defect rods are treated in the cases for which the impurities are formed from both linear and nonlinear dielectric materials, and the conditions necessary for defect modes to exist in the photonic band gaps are determined. \textcopyright{} 1996 The American Physical Society.
Lithography hotspot detection by two-stage cascade classifier using histogram of oriented light propagation (2017)

In advanced semiconductor-process technology, the ability to detect and repair lithography hotspots, which can affect printability, is essential. In this paper, we propose a two-stage cascade classifier for accurate hotspot detection. Our classifier uses a novel layout feature based on the propagation of light passing through a photomask. We performed experiments to evaluate our cascade classifier by applying it to the ICCAD-2012 CAD contest problem. The hotspot detection performance was evaluated according to two indices: (I1) the number of correctly detected hotspots over the number of actual hotspots and (I2) the number of correctly detected hotspots over the number of false hotspots. The results showed that the proposed method gained a 1.15% improvement in I1 and 24.4 times improvement in I2 on average compared to existing state-of-the-art methods, even the one with the best I1.
Magnetic and Gold-Coated Magnetic Nanoparticles as a DNA Sensor (2006)

In this study, we report the chemical synthesis and functionalization of magnetic and gold-coated magnetic nanoparticles and the immobilization of single-stranded biotinylated oligonucleotides onto these particles. Selected sequences specific to the BRCA1 gene were used as a test platform. The binding of oligonucleotides to these particles was achieved through a streptavidin-biotin bridge via a carbodiimide activation protocol. Particle size and oligonucleotide attachment were confirmed by transmission electron microscopy; oligonucleotide binding was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and hybridization confirmed by fluorescence emission from the fluorophore attached to the target oligonucleotide strand. The rate of hybridization was measured using a spectrofluorometer and a microarray scanner. The rate of hybridization of oligonucleotides bound to the synthesized particles depends on the inorganic support material and its surface chemistry. The rate of hybridization increased concomitantly with the concentration of the probe and the target in the reaction medium. Furthermore, exposure of probe and target oligonucleotide to a combination of target and noncomplementary DNA strand reduced the rate of hybridization, possibly because of steric crowding in the reaction medium and cross-linking between reacting oligonucleotides and the noncomplementary strands. The study undertaken opens several possibilities in bioconjugate attachment to functionalized iron and iron nanocomposite structures for controlled manipulation and handling using magnetic fields.
Antibody Epitope Specificity for dsDNA Phosphate Backbone Is an Intrinsic Property of the Heavy Chain Variable Germline Gene Segment Used (2018)

Analysis of protein sequences by the informational spectrum method (ISM) enables characterization of their specificity according to encoded information represented with defined frequency (F). Our previous data showed that F(0.367) is characteristic for variable heavy chain (VH) domains (a combination of variable (V), diversity (D) and joining (J) gene segments) of the anti-phosphocholine (PC) T15 antibodies and mostly dependent on the CDR2 region, a site for PC phosphate group binding. Because the T15 dsDNA-reactive U4 mutant also encodes F(0.367), we hypothesized that the same frequency may also be characteristic for anti-DNA antibodies. Data obtained from an analysis of 60 spontaneously produced anti-DNA antibody VH domain sequences supported our hypothesis only for antibodies, which use V gene segment in germline configuration, such as S57(VH31), MRL-DNA22, and VH11, members of the VH1 (J558) and VH7 (S107) gene families. The important finding is that out of seven V gene segments used by spontaneous anti-DNA antibodies, F(0.367) is only expressed by the germline configuration of these three V gene segments. The data suggest that antibody specificity for the phosphate group moiety delineated as F(0.367) is the intrinsic property of the V germline gene segments used, whereas paratope/epitope interaction with antigens bearing this epitope, such as PC or dsDNA, requires corresponding antibody VH conformation that is susceptible to somatic mutation(s).
Demonstration and selection of a single-transverse higher-order-mode beam with radial polarization (2010)

Single-transverse higher-order radially polarized beams with multiple rings are selectively generated from a Nd:YAG laser cavity by using a reflectivity-modified and polarization-selective photonic crystal mirror. As predicted by theoretical analysis [A. A. Tovar, J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 15, 2705 (1998)], the intensity distribution and propagation characteristics of the higher-order radially polarized beams are expressed by a Laguerre-Gaussian formula.
TWO NEW SPECIES OF SKIMMIA RUTACEAE FROM ARUNACHAL PRADESH INDIA (1989)

(Uploaded by Plazi from the Biodiversity Heritage Library) No abstract provided.
Domain Based Hierarchical Routing for Large Heterogeneous Manets (2006)

This paper proposes a domain based hierarchical routing for large ad hoc networks. Our approach is based on auto-configured optimized routing domains and an enhanced inter-domain routing scheme. The large heterogeneous ad-hoc network is divided into more scalable homogeneous domains where each domain can run the routing protocol that best suits its link and traffic characteristics. We here propose an inter-domain routing protocol that exploits existing messages needed to maintain the domain structure. To support heterogeneity, the inter-domain routing scheme is independent of the routing protocols running in each domain. We compare three different approaches to the inter-domain routing: a) based solely on the propagation of domain messages, b) border node based, and c) dynamic border node. In this paper, OPNET simulations compare the performance of the different inter-domain routing schemes and show the benefits of the proposed approach using OLSR and DSR as intra-domain routing protocols. Results show significant reduction in protocol overhead, increased route stability and increased route availability in a dynamic heterogeneous network. It is worth mentioning that the increased route stability is not only given by the isolation of more mobile nodes from the rest in a single domain, but also by limiting the cross-layer interactions (e.g. as the routing overhead increases, collisions at the MAC layer increase and therefore more routing packets get lost)
Associating microbiome composition with environmental covariates using generalized UniFrac distances (2012)

Abstract Motivation: The human microbiome plays an important role in human disease and health. Identification of factors that affect the microbiome composition can provide insights into disease mechanism as well as suggest ways to modulate the microbiome composition for therapeutical purposes. Distance-based statistical tests have been applied to test the association of microbiome composition with environmental or biological covariates. The unweighted and weighted UniFrac distances are the most widely used distance measures. However, these two measures assign too much weight either to rare lineages or to most abundant lineages, which can lead to loss of power when the important composition change occurs in moderately abundant lineages. Results: We develop generalized UniFrac distances that extend the weighted and unweighted UniFrac distances for detecting a much wider range of biologically relevant changes. We evaluate the use of generalized UniFrac distances in associating microbiome composition with environmental covariates using extensive Monte Carlo simulations. Our results show that tests using the unweighted and weighted UniFrac distances are less powerful in detecting abundance change in moderately abundant lineages. In contrast, the generalized UniFrac distance is most powerful in detecting such changes, yet it retains nearly all its power for detecting rare and highly abundant lineages. The generalized UniFrac distance also has an overall better power than the joint use of unweighted/weighted UniFrac distances. Application to two real microbiome datasets has demonstrated gains in power in testing the associations between human microbiome and diet intakes and habitual smoking. Availability: http://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/GUniFrac Contact: hongzhe@upenn.edu Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Exploring the Effectiveness of Lexical Ontologies for Modeling Temporal Relations with Markov Logic (2010)

Temporal analysis of events is a central problem in computational models of dis-course. However, correctly recognizing temporal aspects of events poses serious challenges. This paper introduces a joint modeling framework and feature set for temporal analysis of events that utilizes Markov Logic. The feature set includes novel features derived from lexical on-tologies. An evaluation suggests that in-troducing lexical relation features im-proves the overall accuracy of temporal relation models. 1
Improving flash-based disk cache with Lazy Adaptive Replacement (2013)

The increasing popularity of flash memory has changed storage systems. Flash-based solid state drive(SSD) is now widely deployed as cache for magnetic hard disk drives(HDD) to speed up data intensive applications. However, existing cache algorithms focus exclusively on performance improvements and ignore the write endurance of SSD. In this paper, we proposed a novel cache management algorithm for flash-based disk cache, named Lazy Adaptive Replacement Cache(LARC). LARC can filter out seldom accessed blocks and prevent them from entering cache. This avoids cache pollution and keeps popular blocks in cache for a longer period of time, leading to higher hit rate. Meanwhile, LARC reduces the amount of cache replacements thus incurs less write traffics to SSD, especially for read dominant workloads. In this way, LARC improves performance and extends SSD lifetime at the same time. LARC is self-tuning and low overhead. It has been extensively evaluated by both trace-driven simulations and a prototype implementation in flashcache. Our experiments show that LARC outperforms state-of-art algorithms and reduces write traffics to SSD by up to 94.5% for read dominant workloads, 11.2-40.8% for write dominant workloads.
Influence of Wheelchair Front Caster Wheel on Reverse Directional Stability (2003)

The purpose of this research was to study directional stability during reversing of rear-wheel drive, electric powered wheelchairs (EPW) under different initial front caster orientations. Specifically, the weight distribution differences caused by certain initial caster orientations were examined as a possible mechanism for causing directional instability that could lead to accidents. Directional stability was quantified by measuring the drive direction error of the EPW by a motion analysis system. The ground reaction forces were collected to determine the load on the front casters, as well as back-emf data to attain the speed of the motors. The drive direction error was found to be different for various initial caster orientations. Drive direction error was greatest when both casters were oriented 90 degrees to the left or right, and least when both casters were oriented forward. The results show that drive direction error corresponds to the loading difference on the casters. The data indicates that loading differences may cause asymmetric drag on the casters, which in turn causes unbalanced torque load on the motors. This leads to a difference in motor speed and drive direction error.
Clinical, biological, and immunophenotypical characteristics of B‐cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia with trisomy 12 by fluorescence in situ hybridization (1995)

The clinical, biological, and immunophenotypical characteristics of B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL) patients with trisomy 12 detected by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) using a chromosome 12 alpha-centromeric probe (D12Z3) were analyzed in the present study. From a total of 104 consecutive B-CLL patients, 21 (20%) displayed trisomy 12, the percentage of trisomic cells ranging from 13% to 76%. From the clinico-biological point of view, patients with trisomy 12 were associated with atypical CLL morphology (43% vs 10%, P = 0.04) and BM diffuse pattern (75% vs. 25%, P = 0.02) together with increased WBC counts (141 +/- 220 vs. 58 +/- 67 x 10(9)/L, P = 0.04). In contrast, no association was detected between the presence of trisomy 12 and other disease characteristics such as age, sex, clinical stage, hepatomegaly, lymphadenopathies, haemoglobin levels and platelet counts, and the cell cycle distribution of PB leukocytes in both groups of patients. Trisomy 12 patients had a significantly higher expression of the FMC7 antigen both in percentage (34 +/- 34% vs. 13 +/- 20%, P = 0.02) and absolute numbers (29 +/- 62 vs. 7 +/- 17 x 10(9)/L, P = 0.007). No major differences were found regarding the expression of mouse rosettes, CD19+, and CD19+/CD5+ lymphocytes. Upon analyzing the correlations between the disease characteristics of trisomy 12 cases, significant associations were found between the percentage of trisomic cells and both the WBC count (r = 0.52, P = 0.02) and the PB lymphocyte count (r = 0.60, P = 0.007).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Multi-dimensional EDFA Gain Spectrum Optimization for Increasing WDM System Capacity (2021)

A multi-dimensional EDFA gain spectrum optimization scheme based on the penalty method with gradient descent is proposed to increase the capacity of a WDM system. A gain of 5.47% on capacity is achieved in simulations.
Imidazoles-Intercalated α-Zirconium Phosphate as Latent Thermal Initiators in the Reaction of Glycidyl Phenyl Ether (GPE) and Hexahydro-4-Methylphthalic Anhydride (MHHPA) (2017)

The capabilities of imidazoles-intercalated α-zirconium phosphate (α-ZrP·imidazole): imidazol (α-ZrP·Im), 2-methylimidazole (α-ZrP·2MIm), and 2-ethyl-4-methylimidazole (α-ZrP·2E4MIm) as latent thermal initiators were examined by the copolymerization of glycidyl phenyl ether (GPE) and hexahydro-4-methylphthalic anhydride (MHHPA) with the imidazoles-intercalated α-zirconium phosphate at varying temperatures for one-hour periods. Polymerization was not observed until the reactants were heated to 100 °C or above. Increasing the temperature, polymerization in the presence of α-ZrP·Im, α-ZrP·2MIm, or α-ZrP·2E4MIm proceeded at 140 °C for 1 h with over 90% conversion. The thermal stabilities of α-ZrP·Im, α-ZrP·2MIm, and α-ZrP·2E4MIm in the reaction at 40 °C for 264 h were tested. With α-ZrP·2MIm, the conversion was less than 15% up to 96 h. In the cases of α-ZrP·Im and α-ZrP·2E4MIm, the conversion reached less than 15% at 264 h. The thermal stabilities of α-ZrP·Im, α-ZrP·2MIm, and α-ZrP·2E4MIm at 40 °C were superior to those of the commercially available thermal latent initiators: HX-3088 and HX-3722.
Effect of Electrode Position on Electrophysiological and Psychoacoustic Parameters in Cochlear Implant Patients with Lateral and Perimodiolar Electrode Arrays (2018)

The electrode position within the cochlea plays an important role for the interaction between electrode contacts and spiral ganglion cells. It is determined by the form of the electrode carrier. Straight electrode arrays (Nucleus™ 522 „SRA“) are pressed against the lateral wall of the cochlea, while precurved arrays (Nucleus™ 532 „SMA“ and 512 „Contour“) curl around the modiolus and ideally have no contact to the lateral wall. Recent improvements in postoperative CBCT (cone beam computational tomography) imaging resolution now allow accurate determination of the space between each electrode contact and the medial wall of the cochlea and to observe correlations between this distance and electrophysiological and psychophysical measurement values.
Airway management during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (2015)

Recent studies of airway management during CPR rely mostly on registry and observational designs. Prospective randomized trials are needed to determine the optimal approach to airway management during cardiac arrest, but have not yet been completed.
Mesh Segmentation and Global 3D Model Extraction (2012)

This paper presents a method for segmenting noisy 2-manifold meshes based on a decomposition into local shape primitives maximizing global coherence. This technique works by partitioning the input mesh into regions which can be approximated by a simple geometrical primitive such as a plane, a sphere or a cylinder. The partitioning is guided by robust shape extractions based on RANSAC sampling and the final decision to keep a 3D model into the final decomposition is based on a global graphical model which involves spatial and label cost priors. Obtained segmentations on noisy mesh models outperform other approaches in terms of region contour smoothness and consistency with mechanical object decomposition. Applications of this work are reverse engineering, mesh structure analysis, mesh feature enhancement, noise removal, mesh compression, piecewise approximation of mesh geometry (points, normals, curvatures), and remeshing.
Induced pluripotent stem cells reduce neutrophil chemotaxis via activating GRK2 in endotoxin‐induced acute lung injury (2017)

iPSCs reduce neutrophil chemotaxis in endotoxin-induced ALI. These effects are associated with an enhancement of GRK2 activity and reduction of CXCR2 expression.
Biophysical Labeling Methods in Molecular Biology (1993)

Physical labels such as stable nitroxide radicals, luminescent and photochromic chromophores, so-called Mössbauer atoms and electron-dense assemblies of heavy atoms have proved to be effective tools in solving many problems at the molecular level in biological systems. These physical labels are used as 'molecular rulers' to measure the distances between chosen groups and to measure the size, form and microrelief of objects. By providing information about these factors, the label provides information that can help the scientist to understand the structure of membranes, nucleic acids, enzymes and proteins and how they function. This 1993 volume covers all aspects of this field: the theoretical bases, the experimental techniques, and it also shows how to interpret the resulting data. It also critically discusses some recent results obtained with these techniques and gives an analysis of likely developments in the future.
Common BRCA1 Variants and Susceptibility to Breast and Ovarian Cancer in the General Population (1997)

Most multiple case families of young onset breast cancer and ovarian cancer are thought to be due to highly penetrant mutations in the predisposing genes BRCA1 and BRCA2. However, these mutations are uncommon in the population and they probably account for only a few percent of all breast cancer incidence. A much larger fraction of breast cancer might, in principle, be due to common variants which confer more modest individual risks. There are several common polymorphisms in the BRCA1 gene which generate amino acid substitutions. We have examined the frequency of four of these polymorphisms: Gln356Arg, Pro871Leu, Glu1038Gly and Ser1613Gly in large series of breast and ovarian cancer cases and matched controls. Due to strong linkage disequilibrium, these four sites generate only three haplotypes with a frequency >1.3%. The two most common haplotypes, defined by the alleles Gln356Pro871Glu1038Ser1613 and Gln356Leu871Gly1038Gly1613, have frequencies of 0.57 and 0.32 respectively, and these frequencies do not differ significantly between patient and control groups. Thus the most common polymorphisms of the BRCA1 gene do not make a significant contribution to breast or ovarian cancer risk. However, our data suggest that the Arg356 allele may have a different genotype distribution in breast cancer patients from that in controls (Arg356 homozygotes are more frequent in the control groups, P = 0.01), indicating that it may be protective against breast cancer. If this finding can be confirmed, it may provide an insight into the structural features of the BRCA1 protein that are important for its function.