gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cytotoxic Antibodies to Adipocytes: Agricultural and Clinical Potential (2006)

Hormonal growth promoters (growth hormone (GH), β-adrenergic agonists, steroids) which improve growth rate and/or lean: fat ratios in the carcass have received considerable adverse publicity and are either banned or have no licence for their use in the EC. This has led to the development of a number of techniques, involving the use of antibodies, aimed at regulating metabolic processes involved in determining growth and body composition. A different approach to the problem of excess fat deposition involves the use of antibodies directed against the plasma membranes of adipocytes in order to elicit their destruction and thereby limit the storage capacity for fat. This technique has been demonstrated in rats, sheep and pigs in both passive and active immunization techniques. Once again, however, this promising approach is limited by the lack of a commercially suitable vaccine. The identification of individual membrane proteins which are antigenic has been achieved and this provides the prospect of producing recombinant DNA-derivedvaccines. Whether these new approaches will be perceived as acceptable to the general public remains a serious concern and a potential limitation to their development as many would-be sponsors cut back their support for research in these areas.
Application of Probabilistic Linkage: Compare Health Care Costs among Menopausal Women with Different Symptoms by Linking Womenâ€™s Registry & Claims Data (2013)

Abstract: Objectives : Menopause symptoms are a good disease severity proxy for menopausal women, but are not available in claims database. We applied probabilistic linkage to add symptoms recorded in a registry database to claims data, and compare the healthcare costs among women with various symptoms. Methods : Women age 45 or older who used estrogen only hormone therapy (HT) were selected from a large U.S. claims database (04/01/2005-09/30/2008). Another group who used estrogen only HT with a menopause diagnosis was selected from the University of Michigan Womenâ€™s Registry Database. Logistic regression was used to calculate the propensity score for each patient controlling for osteoporosis, gynecological disorders/procedures, genital infection, gynecology system cancer, breast condition, gut condition, hormone disorder, nerve problem, and other individual comorbidities such as rheumatoid disease, depression, and blood clotting. Patients with the closest propensity score from each group were matched, and menopause symptoms for registry patients were added to the claims database records. After repeating probabilistic linkage 250 times, the mean and 95% confidence interval (CI) of healthcare costs during the follow-up period were calculated. Results : 80 patients from each population were matched after probabilistically linking 20,020 claims database patients with 83 registry database patients. The average cost of patients with at least one symptom was much higher than for patients without symptoms ($13,570 [95% CI: $13,459-$13,680] vs. $3,391 [95%CI: $3,345-$3,436], p-value<0.001). (1 US Dollar= 0.75 Euro) Cost differences were mainly from inpatient, physician visit, and pharmacy costs. Among patients with menopause symptoms, those with hot flashes had the highest costs ($10,127), followed by memory loss ($1,653), vaginal dryness ($864), reduced libido ($568), and mood swings ($358). Conclusions : Women with menopause symptoms incur higher healthcare costs than those without This study suggests symptoms are important determinants of healthcare expenses and their impact can be assessed by linking registry and claims databases.
Relativistic torques induced by currents in magnetic materials: physics and experiments (2018)

In this review article, an insight of the physics that explains the phenomenon of torques induced by currents in systems comprising ferromagnetic (FM)-non-magnetic (NM) materials has been provided with particular emphasis on experiments that concern the observation of such torques. An important requirement of systems that enables observation of such relativistic torques is that the material needs to possess large spin-orbit coupling (SOC). In addition, the FM/NM interface should be of high quality so that spin angular momentum can be transferred across the interface. Under such conditions, the magnetization of a magnetic material experiences a torque, and can be reversed, thanks to the phenomenon of the spin Hall effect in the NM layer with large SOC. A reciprocal process also occurs, in which a changing magnetization orientation can produce spin current, <i>i.e.</i> current that supports spin angular momentum. It is important to know how these processes occur which often tells us about the close connection between magnetization and spin transport. This paves the way to transform technologies that process information <i>via</i> magnetization direction, namely in magnetic recording industry. This field of physics being relatively young much remains to be understood and explored. Through this review we have attempted to provide a glimpse of existing understanding of current induced torques in ferromagnetic thin film heterostructures along with some future challenges and opportunities of this evolving area of spintronics. Specifically, we have discussed the state-of-the art demonstrations of current-induced torque devices that show great promise for enhancing the functionality of magnetic memory devices.
Statistical verification of upper and lower bounds for the security performance of wiretap channels (2023)

In this paper we show a way to check semantic security for AWGN wiretap channels. We introduce low complexity decoding methods that provide upper and lower bounds to the performance of an attack strategy that closely resembles the best attack strategy, which has the problem of large computational complexity. We show the assumptions under which these methods can be applied and compare simulation results of the bounds to the performance of the best attack strategy. We use a seeded modular coding scheme, which consists of a coding layer and a security layer. For the coding layer we use polar codes, but the method is neither restricted to the seeded modular coding scheme nor to the polar codes.
Effects of cerebral air embolism on brain metabolism in pigs (2003)

Cerebral air embolism has a deleterious effect on ICP and brain metabolism. Therefore, this model may be suitable for testing therapeutic regimens in cerebral air embolism.
Phylogenetic analysis of global hepatitis E virus sequences: genetic diversity, subtypes and zoonosis (2005)

Nucleotide sequences from a total of 421 HEV isolates were retrieved from Genbank and analysed. Phylogenetically, HEV was classified into four major genotypes. Genotype 1 was more conserved and classified into five subtypes. The number of genotype 2 sequences was limited but can be classified into two subtypes. Genotypes 3 and 4 were extremely diverse and can be subdivided into ten and seven subtypes. Geographically, genotype 1 was isolated from tropical and several subtropical countries in Asia and Africa, and genotype 2 was from Mexico, Nigeria, and Chad; whereas genotype 3 was identified almost worldwide including Asia, Europe, Oceania, North and South America. In contrast, genotype 4 was found exclusively in Asia. It is speculated that genotype 3 originated in the western hemisphere and was imported to several Asian countries such as Japan, Korea and Taiwan, while genotype 4 has been indigenous and likely restricted to Asia. Genotypes 3 and 4 were not only identified in swine but also in wild animals such as boar and a deer. Furthermore, in most areas where genotypes 3 and 4 were characterised, sequences from both humans and animals were highly conserved, indicating they originated from the same infectious sources. Based upon nucleotide differences from five phylogenies, it is proposed that five, two, ten and seven subtypes for HEV genotypes 1, 2, 3 and 4 be designated alphabetised subtypes. Accordingly, a total of 24 subtypes (1a, 1b, 1c, 1d, 1e, 2a, 2b, 3a, 3b, 3c, 3d, 3e, 3f, 3g, 3h, 3i, 3j, 4a, 4b, 4c, 4d, 4e, 4f and 4g) were given.
Eruptions at Lone Star Geyser, Yellowstone National Park, USA: 1. Energetics and eruption dynamics (2013)

Geysers provide a natural laboratory to study multiphase eruptive processes. We present results from a 4 day experiment at Lone Star Geyser in Yellowstone National Park, USA. We simultaneously measured water discharge, acoustic emissions, infrared intensity, and visible and infrared video to quantify the energetics and dynamics of eruptions, occurring approximately every 3 h. We define four phases in the eruption cycle (1) a 28±3 min phase with liquid and steam fountaining, with maximum jet velocities of 16–28 m s −1 , steam mass fraction of less than ∼0.01. Intermittently choked flow and flow oscillations with periods increasing from 20 to 40 s are coincident with a decrease in jet velocity and an increase of steam fraction; (2) a 26±8 min posteruption relaxation phase with no discharge from the vent, infrared (IR), and acoustic power oscillations gliding between 30 and 40 s; (3) a 59±13 min recharge period during which the geyser is quiescent and progressively refills, and (4) a 69±14 min preplay period characterized by a series of 5–10 min long pulses of steam, small volumes of liquid water discharge, and 50–70 s flow oscillations. The erupted waters ascend from a 160–170°C reservoir, and the volume discharged during the entire eruptive cycle is 20.8±4.1 m 3 . Assuming isentropic expansion, we calculate a heat output from the geyser of 1.4–1.5 MW, which is &lt;0.1 % of the total heat output from Yellowstone Caldera.
The Influence of Overloads on the Fatigue Life of Nylon Tire Cord (1975)

Laboratory studies were carried out to investigate the effect of single overloads on subsequent fatigue life of typical nylon tire cord. A simplified method was developed for fabricating end grips for tensile load ing of tire cords. Test results showed little influence of significantly large overloads on the subsequent fatigue life of nylon tire cord.
Applications of Internet of Things on smart grid in China (2011)

Smart grid can apply Internet of Things (IoT) technologies for creating various intelligent services. In this paper, the basic requirements of the smart grid in China are reviewed. The development of most aspects of the smart grid would be enhanced by the applying the technologies of IoT. The architecture of IoT for the smart grid in China is introduced, which can be expressed as three layers: the perception layer, the network layer and the application layer. Various information and communication techniques of IoT applied on smart grid is discussed. Particularly, the IoT application solutions are provided in detail for power transmission line monitoring, smart patrol, smart home and electric vehicle management.
Incidence and management of diarrhea in patients with HER2-positive breast cancer treated with pertuzumab (2018)

Ann Oncol 2017; 28: 761–768 (doi: 10.1093/annonc/mdw695) In the original article, the following funding information was omitted: This research was funded in part through the NIH/NCI Cancer Center Support Grant P30 CA008748. This has now been added. Incidence and management of diarrhea in patients with HER2-positive breast cancer treated with pertuzumabAnnals of OncologyVol. 28Issue 4PreviewPertuzumab disrupts heterodimerization between human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), HER3, and HER4. Thus, pertuzumab could result in adverse events similar to those observed with EGFR antagonists, such as diarrhea. We report the incidence and severity of diarrhea observed with pertuzumab in the CLEOPATRA, NeoSphere, and TRYPHAENA studies. Full-Text PDF Open Archive
Evolution of microstructure in nanocrystalline Mo-Cu thin films during thermal annealing (1995)

The evolution of microstructure in Mo-Cu thin films during annealing has been investigated by in situ sheet resistance measurements, ex situ x-ray diffraction, and in situ hot-stage as well as conventional transmission electron microscopy. Mo-Cu thin films, deposited on various glass substrates by magnetron sputtering at ∼30 °C, were supersaturated solid solutions of Cu in Mo with a nanocrystalline microstructure. The as-deposited films had large compressive residual stresses owing to the low homologous deposition temperature and low Ar pressure during deposition. Annealing results showed two distinct sets of microstructural changes occurring in the temperature ranges between ∼300 and 500 °C, and ∼525 and 810 °C. In the lower-temperature range, anisotropic growth of nanocrystallites was accompanied by stress relaxation without any observable phase separation. At temperatures greater than ∼525 °C, the metastable solid solution collapsed and Cu precipitated at the grain boundaries. Increasing temperature resulted in the coarsening of Cu precipitates and simultaneous growth of Mo grains. At temperatures greater than ∼700 °C, phase separation and grain growth approached completion.
Effects of Unilateral Loss of Vestibular Function on the Vestibulo-Ocular Reflex and Postural Control (1989)

Long-term recovery from surgically induced unilateral loss of vestibular function was studied in 14 patients. Seven patients underwent surgical extirpation or section of the vestibular nerve, and seven patients underwent labyrinthectomy without vestibular nerve section. The vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) and postural control were evaluated preoperatively and monitored for up to 4 years postoperatively with use of pseudorandom rotation (combined sinusoidal frequencies from 0.009 to 1.5 Hz) and moving platform posturography. Immediately following surgery all patients showed minimal reductions in the VOR gain constant, but marked reduction in the time constant, and marked increase in slow eye velocity bias. Bias returned to normal values within about 10 days, but time constants never returned to normal values. Results of standard Romberg tests in these patients were normal throughout the preoperative and postoperative periods. However, all patients showed marked postural control abnormalities in tests of the ability to maintain balance in unusual sensory environments in the immediate postoperative period. Seventy-five percent of the patients eventually recovered normal postural control. Postural control returned to near baseline performance with a time course similar to that of the VOR bias. However, postural control also continued to improve after the recovery of VOR bias was complete.
Identifying distributed and overlapping clusters of hemodynamic synchrony in fMRI data sets (2010)

Natural sensory stimuli elicit complex brain responses that manifest in fMRI as widely distributed and overlapping clusters of hemodynamic responses. We propose a statistical signal processing method for finding synchronous hemodynamic activity that directly or transiently reflects information about the experimental condition. When applied to fMRI data, the method searches for voxels with activation patterns exhibiting high coherence and simultaneously high variance across brain scans. The crux of the method is functional principal component analysis (fPCA) of activation patterns stored in a two-dimensional data matrix, with rows and columns representing voxels and scans, respectively. Without external information, fPCA is performed directly on this data matrix. Otherwise, the data matrix is first transformed to highlight a specific source of variation, enabling fully or partially supervised fPCA with a single parameter determining the degree of supervision. We evaluated our method on a public benchmark of fMRI scans of subjects viewing natural movies. Our method turns out to be very suitable for flexibly uncovering distributed and overlapping hemodynamic patterns that distinguish well between experimental conditions or cognitive states.
The effect of interferences and calbiration design on accuracy: Implications for sensor and sample selection (1988)

Abstract Methods of multivariate calibration use models that relate spectral data or sensor array responses to the concentrations of analytes. The goal is to insure that the calibration model can accurately estimate analyte concentrations in unknown samples not contained in the calibration set. The sensors or spectral channels (e.g. wavelengths) selected for incorporation in the model, as well as the samples selected for the calibration step, are known to have an effect on the accuracy of analysis for unknown samples. This work provides a fundamental treatment of this effect and derives criteria for optimal selection. Additionally, a proof is given for the advantage of having more sensors and calibration samples than analytes—the overdetermined case.
Active line scan with spatial gating for sub-diffuse reflectance imaging of scatter microtexture (2020)

We examine the value of an active line scan with spatial gating for imaging sub-diffuse, wide-field reflectance microtexture. Line scanning combined with spatial gating and linear translation can be used for localized detection of features in the surface layer of a turbid target. The line scan provides broadband spatial frequency modulation, and the spatial gating effectively high-pass filters the reflectance. The major benefit of this approach is that of high dynamic range (70%-90%) signal preservation and high contrast to noise when imaging at high spatial frequencies. Alternative approaches, such as spatial frequency domain imaging, are degraded by low dynamic range in demodulated images, making it nearly impossible to image over a wide field of view at frequencies over 1.5<i>m</i><i>m</i><sup>-1</sup> using commercial technology. As such, active line scanning with spatial gating presents as an inherently high sensitivity and high dynamic range method of imaging microscopic scattering features in only the surface layer of a turbid medium.
Vibrotactile Feedback for Industrial Telemanipulators (1997)

Abstract Industrial applications of haptic feedback systems that add dexterity to telemanipulators have been limited due to their complexity, low reliability, and high cost. A promising and attractive alternative technology for industry is vibrotactile feedback. These systems are simple and can be added at low cost to existing telerobotic systems to provide robust contact information. We have developed a single channel prototype vibrotactile sensor and display system for a high capacity deep sea remote manipulator, the Schilling Robotic Systems TITAN-II. The vibration sensor consists of a pair of steel plates machined to fit inside the gripper jaws. Embedded between the plates are piezoelectric film strips molded into a rugged silicone rubber layer. Impact and frequency response tests indicate the sensor is durable to the extreme loading and sensitive to a large range of vibration frequencies of the industrial setting. Tests of the prototype system on the TITAN-II again proved the sensor to be rugged and durable while also being sensitive. In informal tests, operators found the system enhanced operation of the robot.
Managing interdisciplinary research clusters (2015)

The complexity and dynamicity of interdisciplinary research clusters requires an efficient management in order to ensure a good performance. Therefore, this paper presents an iterative regulatory process for managing interdisciplinary research clusters which has been implemented at the two clusters of excellence at RWTH Aachen University. Thereby, an annual evaluation of the cluster performance through a cluster-specific employee survey forms the basis for the derivation and implementation of different measures. By evaluating the performance again, the loop of organizational learning starts anew. As one example of these measures, the colloquia of employees are described in further details because the adaptation and optimization of concepts illustrate the effects of the continuous improvement. Furthermore, the general performance development of the cluster was analyzed to show the comprehensive effects of the regulatory process.
ID4: a new player in the cancer arena (2010)

Id proteins (Id-1 to 4) are dominant negative regulators of basic helix-loop-helix transcription factors. They play a key role during development, preventing cell differentiation while inducing cell proliferation. They are poorly expressed in adult life but can be reactivated in tumorigenesis. Several evidences indicate that Id proteins are associated with loss of differentiation, unrestricted proliferation and neoangiogenesis in diverse human cancers. Recently, we identified Id4 as a transcriptional target of the protein complex mutant p53/E2F1/p300 in breast cancer. Id4 protein binds, stabilizes and enhances the translation of mRNAs encoding proangiogenic cytokines, such as IL8 and GRO-alpha, increasing the angiogenic potential of cancer cells. We present here an overview of the current experimental data that links Id4 to cancer. We provide evidence also of the induction of Id4 following anticancer treatments in mutant p53- carrying cells. Indeed, mutant p53 is recruited to a specific region of the Id4 promoter upon DNA damage. Our findings indicate that Id4, besides its proangiogenic role, might also participate in the chemoresistance associated to mutant p53 proteins exerting gain of function activities.
Modern approaches in modeling of mobile radio systems propagation environment (2000)

In this article a review of popular propagation models for wireless communication channels is given. Macrocell, microcell, and indoor prediction methods are considered separately. Advantages and disadvantages of these models are discussed. Also, some practical improvements of the existing models as well as some new models are given.
Visible Light Communication with Multicarrier Modulation Utilizing a Buck-Converter Circuit as Efficient LED Driver (2018)

This paper deals with the problem of how to drive an LED in visible light communication (VLC) systems in an efficient way employing high-order modulation schemes. A circuit known from power electronics, the so-called buck converter, is evaluated. Buck converters are frequently used power supplies in LED illumination systems, and provide high efficiencies at low complexity. To demonstrate the ability of this type of converter for the purpose of data modulation, discrete multitone transmission (DMT) is used in numerical results. The circuit has been simulated in LTSpice. The bit error rate (BER) is determined for different system parameters.
Study of the impact of resonant magnetic perturbation fields on gross tungsten erosion using DiMES samples in DIII-D (2017)

An experiment was conducted in DIII-D to compare gross tungsten (W) erosion on samples exposed to outer strike point (OSP) sweeps in L-mode plasmas for three conditions. These included two phases of resonant magnetic perturbations (RMPs), and a set with no perturbations. Upon RMP application, lobe structures indicative of strike point splitting of the OSP were evident in divertor camera data and on Langmuir probes. Gross W erosion flux, GW, inferred spectroscopically using the S/XB method applied to the 400.9 nm W-I line, was generally in the range Gamma(W)/Gamma(D+),(perpendicular to) = 2 x 10(-4) referenced to incident deuterium ion flux Gamma(D+),(perpendicular to) and was increased in the RMP cases by no more than 30% of the level observed in unperturbed discharges. A large reduction in gross erosion (50%) was observed in the private flux region at the W sample for one specific toroidal phase of the RMP field.