gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Spatial Optical Solitons in Mexico (2016)

From resonant solitons introduced in México at 1980 decade by prof. Lujbo Matulic, we show that Mexican optical solitons school suffer just started at the beginning of 1990 years because of Prof. George Stegeman.
Concurrent Aerobic Plus Resistance Training Elicits Different Effects on Short-Term Blood Pressure Variability of Hypertensive Patients in Relation to Their Nocturnal Blood Pressure Pattern (2022)

<i>Background and Objectives</i>: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of a 12-week concurrent training (CT) (i.e., aerobic plus resistance exercise) on short-term blood pressure variability (BPV) and BP values in hypertensive patients with non-dippper BP nocturnal pattern and underlying coronary artery disease. <i>Material and Methods</i>: The study included 72 consecutive patients who were divided into two groups according to the nocturnal BP pattern: dipping pattern (33 pts) and non-dipping (39 pts). Before starting CT and at 12 weeks, patients underwent the six minute walk test, ergometric test, assessment of 1-repetiton maximum (1 RM), and 24/h BP monitoring (24-h ABPM). <i>Results</i>: After CT, exercise capacity increased in both groups in a similar fashion. Twenty-four/h systolic BPV and daytime systolic BPV decreased significantly in the dipping group while they were unchanged in the non-dipping group (between groups changes: -1.0 ± 0.4 mmHg and -1.3 ± 0.9 mmHg; <i>p</i> = 0.02 and <i>p</i> = 0.006, respectively). Twenty-four/h systolic BP and daytime systolic BP decreased significantly in the dipping group while they were unchanged in the non-dipping group (between groups changes: -7.1 ± 2.6 mmHg and -7.8 ± 2.4 mmHg; <i>p</i> = 0.004 and <i>p</i> = 0.002, respectively). Nighttime systolic BP and BPV was unchanged in both groups. Twenty-four/h diastolic BP presented small but not significant changes in both groups. <i>Conclusions</i>: The effects of CT on BPV and BP were blunted in hypertensive subjects with a non-dipping BP pattern.
Effects of <i>L</i>-Arginine on 7-Nitroindazole-Induced Reference and Working Memory Performance of Rats (2009)

7-NI impaired reference memory but not working memory in the three-panel runway test. Moreover, nitric oxide played an essential role in the development of reference memory and the negative effects of 7-NI on memory were counteracted by L-arginine.
α 2-Adrenergic receptor subtypes in rat dorsal root and superior cervical ganglion neurons (1997)

To determine which alpha 2-adrenergic receptor subtypes are present in primary afferent and sympathetic postganglionic neurons we have performed in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry experiments on rat dorsal root and superior cervical ganglia. Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction was used as a preliminary screen for the presence of mRNA encoding alpha 2-adrenergic subtypes in dorsal root and superior cervical ganglia; polymerase chain reaction primers amplified distinct regions of the rat alpha 2A-(RG20), alpha 2B-(RNG) and alpha 2C-(RG10) adrenergic receptor subtypes in mRNA extracted from lumbar dorsal root and superior cervical ganglia. To localize receptors to cell types in the ganglia, in situ hybridization was performed on cryosections of dorsal root and superior cervical ganglia with oligonucleotide probes designed to distinguish between mRNA encoding for alpha 2-adrenergic receptor subtypes. Immunohistochemistry was performed with a polyclonal antibody against the alpha 2A-adrenergic receptor subtype. Our results with reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction indicate that all three alpha 2-adrenergic receptor subtypes are expressed in dorsal root and superior cervical ganglia. Data from the in situ hybridization experiments indicated that the mRNA detected with the reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction was present in neuronal cell bodies, except for the mRNA encoding the alpha 2A-adrenergic receptor which was not detectable in dorsal root ganglia. The distribution of mRNA encoding alpha 2B- and alpha 2C-adrenergic receptor subtypes among dorsal root ganglion neurons and alpha 2A-, alpha 2B- and alpha 2C-adrenergic receptor subtypes among superior cervical ganglion neurons suggests that multiple adrenergic receptor subtypes are present in a single neuron. Neuronal cell bodies in both the dorsal root and superior cervical ganglion consistently demonstrated alpha 2A-adrenergic receptor-like immunoreactivity. The apparent co-expression of multiple alpha 2-adrenergic receptor subtypes in dorsal root and superior cervical ganglion neurons enables a single transmitter to produce a number of effects in the same neuron; which receptors are functionally active may vary with the presence of nerve injury, inflammation or other physiological and pathophysiological conditions.
Hydrogen Fuel Cells for Unmanned Undersea Vehicle Propulsion (2016)

The high efficiency of fuel cells combined with the high energy of hydrogen can be used to create energy systems for long endurance vehicles. As the automotive sector has developed fuel cells for this purpose, the same technology might enable long endurance unmanned undersea vehicles (UUVs). This paper describes fuel cell technologies for long endurance UUVs and issues related to integrating hydrogen fuel cells into large UUVs. We also describe an Office of Naval Research program with the U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, Naval Surface Warfare Center Carderock Division, University of Hawaii, and General Motors (GM) to integrate an automotive fuel cell from GM into a UUV. Hydrogen and oxygen storage technologies are also discussed.
Genetic deletion of Cyp26b1 negatively impacts limb skeletogenesis by inhibiting chondrogenesis (2011)

Cyp26b1 , a retinoic acid (RA)-metabolising enzyme, is expressed in the developing limb bud, and Cyp26b1 −/− mice present with severe limb defects. These malformations might be attributable to an RA-induced patterning defect; however, recent reports suggest that RA is dispensable for limb patterning. In this study, we examined the role of endogenous retinoid signalling in skeletogenesis using Cyp26b1 −/− mice and transgenic mice in which Cyp26b1 is conditionally deleted under control of the Prrx1 promoter beginning at ~E9.5 ( Prrx1Cre + /Cyp26b1 fl/fl ). We found that the limb phenotype in Prrx1Cre + /Cyp26b1 fl/fl mice was less severe than that observed in Cyp26b1 −/− animals and that a change in retinoid signalling contributed to the difference in phenotypes. We systematically examined the role of endogenous RA signalling in chondrogenesis and found that Cyp26b1 −/− cells and limb mesenchymal cells treated with a CYP inhibitor, are maintained in a pre-chondrogenic state, exhibit reduced chondroblast differentiation and have modestly accelerated chondrocyte hypertrophy. Furthermore, Cyp26b1 −/− mesenchyme exhibited an increase in expression of genes in a closely related tendogenic lineage, indicating that retinoid signals in the limb interfere with differentiation and maintain progenitor status. Together, these findings support an important function for RA in regulating the behaviour of mesenchymal progenitors, and their subsequent differentiation and maturation.
The tuatara genome reveals ancient features of amniote evolution (2020)

The tuatara (Sphenodon punctatus)-the only living member of the reptilian order Rhynchocephalia (Sphenodontia), once widespread across Gondwana<sup>1,2</sup>-is an iconic species that is endemic to New Zealand<sup>2,3</sup>. A key link to the now-extinct stem reptiles (from which dinosaurs, modern reptiles, birds and mammals evolved), the tuatara provides key insights into the ancestral amniotes<sup>2,4</sup>. Here we analyse the genome of the tuatara, which-at approximately 5 Gb-is among the largest of the vertebrate genomes yet assembled. Our analyses of this genome, along with comparisons with other vertebrate genomes, reinforce the uniqueness of the tuatara. Phylogenetic analyses indicate that the tuatara lineage diverged from that of snakes and lizards around 250 million years ago. This lineage also shows moderate rates of molecular evolution, with instances of punctuated evolution. Our genome sequence analysis identifies expansions of proteins, non-protein-coding RNA families and repeat elements, the latter of which show an amalgam of reptilian and mammalian features. The sequencing of the tuatara genome provides a valuable resource for deep comparative analyses of tetrapods, as well as for tuatara biology and conservation. Our study also provides important insights into both the technical challenges and the cultural obligations that are associated with genome sequencing.
WS2/Graphitic Carbon Nitride Heterojunction Nanosheets Decorated with CdS Quantum Dots for Photocatalytic Hydrogen Production (2018)

Two-dimensional/two-dimensional (2D/2D) stacking heterostructures are highly desirable in fabricating efficient photocatalysts because face-to-face contact can provide a maximized interfacial region between the two semiconductors; this largely facilitates the migration of charge carriers. Herein, a WS<sub>2</sub> /graphitic carbon nitride (CN) 2D/2D nanosheet heterostructure decorated with CdS quantum dots (QDs) has been designed, for the first time. Optimized CdS/WS<sub>2</sub> /CN without another cocatalyst exhibits a significantly enhanced photocatalytic H<sub>2</sub> evolution rate of 1174.5 μmol h<sup>-1</sup> g<sup>-1</sup> under visible-light irradiation (λ>420 nm), which is nearly 67 times higher than that of the pure CN nanosheets. The improved photocatalytic activity can be primarily attributed to the highly efficient charge-transfer pathways built among the three components, which effectively accelerate the separation and transfer of photogenerated electrons and holes, and thus, inhibit their recombination. Moreover, the extended light-absorption range also contributes to excellent photocatalytic efficiency. In addition, the CdS/WS<sub>2</sub> /CN photocatalyst shows excellent stability and reusability without apparent decay in the photocatalytic H<sub>2</sub> evolution within 4 cycles in 20 h. It is believed that this work may shed light on specifically designed 2D/2D nanosheet heterostructures for more efficient visible-light-driven photocatalysts.
Study of viscosity and thermal conductivity effects on condensation characteristics of some new alternative refrigerant mixtures (2002)

In this paper, a numerical study of the impact of the transport properties on the condensation characteristics of certain refrigerant mixtures is presented. New correlations have been developed to calculate the thermal conductivity and viscosity of some alternative refrigerant mixtures such as R-507, R-404A, R-407C, and R-410A. In addition, new improved condensation correlations have been developed and presented for predicting the heat transfer coefficient and pressure drop. The results clearly showed that the condensation characteristics were well predicted using the newly proposed correlations with mean deviation of ±10 and 20% for the heat transfer coefficient and pressure drop respectively. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Patterns of antihistone antibody specificity in systemic rheumatic disease. I. Systemic lupus erythematosus, mixed connective tissue disease, primary sicca syndrome, and rheumatoid arthritis with vasculitis (1985)

A new fluorimetric assay was used to measure the relative amounts of antibodies to individual nuclear histones in sera from 102 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), mixed connective tissue disease, primary sicca syndrome, and rheumatoid arthritis with vasculitis. In SLE sera, the predominant responses were to histones H-1, H-2B, and H-3, with marked elevations of binding to H-1 and H-2B in one-third of the patients, and to H-3 in one-fourth; antibodies of both the IgG and IgM classes were also detected. In a few SLE sera, the pattern of histone response differed or was restricted to 1 immunoglobulin class. In mixed connective tissue disease, only 2 of 9 sera showed elevated histone binding activity, the response being predominantly to H-3 in 1 patient and to H-1 and H-2B in the other. Binding to H-2B was also prominent in 2 of 3 patients with primary sicca syndrome. The highest antihistone reactivity and the most heterogeneous response patterns were observed in patients who had rheumatoid arthritis with vasculitis; 6 of 8 of those sera had elevated histone reactivity. In SLE, the highest histone binding results were found among patients with a history of photosensitivity. Histones are closely associated with DNA in the nucleosome, and we speculate that antihistone antibodies could arise as a result of damage to DNA, induced by drugs or irradiation.
Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Brayton Power Conversion Cycle Design for Optimized Battery-Type Integral Reactor System (2006)

Supercritical carbon dioxide (SCO{sub 2}) promises a high power conversion efficiency of the recompression Brayton cycle due to its excellent compressibility reducing the compression work at the bottom of the cycle and to a higher density than helium or steam decreasing the component size. Therefore, the high SCO{sub 2} Brayton cycle efficiency as high as 45 % furnishes small sized nuclear reactors with economical benefits on the plant construction and maintenance. A 23 MWth BORIS (Battery Optimized Reactor Integral System) is being developed as a multipurpose reactor. BORIS, an integral-type optimized fast reactor with an ultra long life core, is coupled to the SCO{sub 2} Brayton cycle needing less room relative to the Rankine steam cycle because of its smaller components. The SCO{sub 2} Brayton cycle of BORIS consists of a 16 MW turbine, a 32 MW high temperature recuperator, a 14 MW low temperature recuperator, an 11 MW pre-cooler and 2 and 2.8 MW compressors. Entering six heat exchangers between primary and secondary system at 19.9 MPa and 663 K, the SCO{sub 2} leaves the heat exchangers at 19.9 MPa and 823 K. The promising secondary system efficiency of 45 % was calculated by a theoretical method in whichmore » the main parameters include pressure, temperature, heater power, the turbine's, recuperators' and compressors' efficiencies, and the flow split ratio of SCO{sub 2} going out from the low temperature recuperator. Test loop SOLOS (Shell-and-tube Overall Layout Optimization Study) is utilized to develop advanced techniques needed to adopt the shell-and-tube type heat exchanger in the secondary loop of BORIS by studying the SCO{sub 2} behavior from both thermal and hydrodynamic points of view. Concurrently, a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) code analysis is being conducted to develop an optimal analytical method of the SCO{sub 2} turbine efficiency having the parameters of flow characteristics of SCO{sub 2} passing through buckets of the turbine. These simultaneous experimental and analytical methods for designing the secondary loop of BORIS can supply an optimal solution to developing a new battery-type integral nuclear power reactor system. (authors)« less
Transition Metal Dichalcogenide Atomic Layers for Lithium Polysulfides Electrocatalysis (2016)

Lithium-sulfur (Li-S) chemistry is projected to be one of the most promising for next-generation battery technology, and controlling the inherent "polysulfide shuttle" process has become a key research topic in the field. Regulating intermediary polysulfide dissolution by understanding the metamorphosis is essential for realizing stable and high-energy-density Li-S batteries. As of yet, a clear consensus on the basic surface/interfacial properties of the sulfur electrode has not been achieved, although the catalytic phenomenon has been shown to result in enhanced cell stability. Herein, we present evidence that the polysulfide shuttle in a Li-S battery can be stabilized by using electrocatalytic transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs). Physicochemical transformations at the electrode/electrolyte interface of atomically thin monolayer/few-layer TMDs were elucidated using a combination of spectroscopic and microscopic analysis techniques. Preferential adsorption of higher order liquid polysulfides and subsequent conversion to lower order solid species in the form of dendrite-like structures on the edge sites of TMDs have been demonstrated. Further, detailed electrochemical properties such as activation energy, exchange current density, rate capabilities, cycle life, etc. have been investigated by synthesizing catalytically active nanostructured TMDs in bulk quantity using a liquid-based shear-exfoliation method. Unveiling a specific capacity of 590 mAh g<sup>-1</sup> at 0.5 C rate and stability over 350 cycles clearly indicates yet another promising application of two-dimensional TMDs.
Asterix/Gtsf1 links tRNAs and piRNA silencing of retrotransposons (2020)

Abstract The piRNA pathway safeguards genomic integrity by silencing transposable elements in the germline. While Piwi is the central piRNA factor, others including Asterix/Gtsf1 have also been demonstrated to be critical for effective silencing. Here, using eCLIP with a custom informatic pipeline, we show that Asterix/Gtsf1 specifically binds tRNAs in cellular contexts. We determined the structure of mouse Gtsf1 by NMR spectroscopy and identified the RNA binding interface on the protein’s first zinc finger, which was corroborated by biochemical analysis as well as cryo-EM structures of Gtsf1 in complex with co-purifying tRNA. We further show that LTR retrotransposons are preferentially de-repressed in Asterix mutants. Given the role of tRNAs as LTR retrotransposon primers, our work implicates Asterix/Gtsf1 as exploiting tRNA dependence to identify transposon transcripts and promote piRNA silencing.
Remus: A Web Application for Prioritization of Regulatory Regions and Variants in Monogenic Diseases (2021)

Remus facilitates the identification of regulatory regions potentially associated with a monogenic disease and can supplement classical analysis of coding variations with the aim of improving the diagnostic yield in whole-genome sequencing experiments.
Dynamic instrumentation of threaded applications (1999)

The use of threads is becoming commonplace in both sequential and parallel programs. This paper describes our design and initial experience with non-trace based performance instrumentation techniques for threaded programs. Our goal is to provide detailed performance data while maintaining control of instrumentation costs. We have extended Paradyn's dynamic instrumentation (which can instrument programs without recompiling or relinking) to handle threaded programs.Controlling instrumentation costs means efficient instrumentation code and avoiding locks in the instrumentation. Our design is based on low contention data structures. To associate performance data with individual threads, we have all threads share the same instrumentation code and assign each thread with its own private copy of performance counters or timers. The asynchrony in a threaded program poses a major challenge to dynamic instrumentation. To implement time-based metrics on a per-thread basis, we need to instrument thread context switches, which can cause instrumentation code to interleave. Interleaved instrumentation can not only corrupt performance data, but can also cause a scenario we call self-deadlock where an instrumentation code deadlocks a thread. We introduce thread-conscious locks to avoid self-deadlock, and per-thread virtual CPU timers to reduce the chance of interleaved instrumentation accessing the same performance counter or timer, and to reduce the number of expensive timer calls at thread context switches.Our initial implementation is on SPARC Solaris 2.5 and 2.6 including multiprocessor Sun UltraSPARC Enterprise machines. We tested our tool on large multithreaded applications, including the Java Virtual Machine (JVM). We show how our new techniques helped us to speed up a Java graphics native method by 42% and consequently increase by 24% the amount of work that can be done in unit time in a game applet.
Spontaneous pauses in firing of external pallidum neurons are associated with exploratory behavior (2022)

Spontaneous pauses in firing are the hallmark of external pallidum (GPe) neurons. However, the role of GPe pauses in the basal ganglia network remains unknown. Pupil size and saccadic eye movements have been linked to attention and exploration. Here, we recorded GPe spiking activity and the corresponding pupil sizes and eye positions in non-human primates. We show that pauses, rather than the GPe discharge rate per se, were associated with dilated pupils. In addition, following pause initiation there was a considerable increase in the rate of spontaneous saccades. These results suggest that pauses are a powerful mechanism by which the GPe may influence basal ganglia downstream structures and play a role in exploratory behavior.
Regulation of FcεRI-mediated degranulation by an adaptor protein 3BP2 in rat basophilic leukemia RBL-2H3 cells (2002)

Aggregation of high-affinity IgE receptor FcepsilonRI induces sequential activation of nonreceptor-type protein-tyrosine kinases and subsequent tyrosine phosphorylation of cellular proteins, leading to degranulation in mast cells. A hematopoietic cell-specific adaptor protein, 3BP2, that was originally identified as an Abl SH3-binding protein was rapidly tyrosine phosphorylated by the aggregation of FcepsilonRI on rat basophilic leukemia RBL-2H3 cells. Tyrosine phosphorylation of 3BP2 did not depend on calcium influx from external sources. To examine the role of 3BP2 in mast cells, we overexpressed the SH2 domain of 3BP2 in the RBL-2H3 cells. Overexpression of 3BP2-SH2 domain resulted in a suppression of antigen-induced degranulation as assessed by beta-hexosaminidase release. Even though overall tyrosine phosphorylation of cellular protein was not altered, antigen-mediated tyrosine phosphorylation of phospholipase C-gamma (PLC-gamma) and calcium mobilization were significantly suppressed in the cells overexpressing the 3BP2-SH2 domain. Furthermore, antigen stimulation induced the association of 3BP2-SH2 domain with LAT and other signaling molecule complexes in the RBL-2H3 cells. FcepsilonRI-mediated phosphorylation of JNK and ERK was not affected by the overexpression of 3BP2-SH2 domain. These data indicate that 3BP2 functions to positively regulate the FcepsilonRI-mediated tyrosine phosphorylation of PLC-gamma and thereby the signals leading to degranulation.
An attempt to detect stable N- ions from a sputter ion source and some implications of the results for the design of tandems for ultra-sensitive carbon analysis (1977)

The present paper discusses an experiment, using a Middleton sputter ion source, where a sensitive search was made for 14N- ions in the presence of an intense carbon beam. It was found that negative nitrogen ions, capable of withstanding acceleration fields of 1.5 MV/m, were not produced in detectable intensities. The paper also points out some design requirements of tandem facilities that must be satisfied if full advantage is to be taken of this negative result to permit the measurement of very weak 14C beams.