gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Hearing-Aid Audio Quality Index (HAAQI) (2015)

This paper presents an index designed to predict music quality for individuals listening through hearing aids. The index is "intrusive", that is, it compares the degraded signal being evaluated to a reference signal. The index is based on a model of the auditory periphery that includes the effects of hearing loss. Outputs from the auditory model are used to measure changes in the signal time-frequency envelope modulation, temporal fine structure, and long-term spectrum caused by the hearing aid processing. The index is constructed by combining a term sensitive to noise and nonlinear distortion with a second term sensitive to changes in the long-term spectrum. The index is fitted to an existing database of music quality judgments made by listeners having normal or impaired hearing. The data comprise ratings for three music excerpts (classical orchestra, jazz trio, and jazz singer), each processed through 100 conditions representative of hearing-aid processing and listening situations. The overall accuracy of the index is high, with a correlation coefficient of 0.970 when computed over all of the processing conditions and averaged over the combined groups of listeners having normal and impaired hearing.
Modular and Orthogonal Post-PEGylation Surface Modifications by Insertion Enabling Penta-Functional Ultrasmall Organic-Silica Hybrid Nanoparticles (2017)

Multifunctional nanoparticles (NPs) combining different functional components into a single NP platform are of great interest in the fields of nanobiotechnology and nanomedicine. Here, we report a versatile surface modification approach to modularly and orthogonally functionalize Cornell prime dots (C′ dots), ultrasmall sub-10 nm PEGylated fluorescent core–shell silica nanoparticles that have been translated into the clinic, with up to four types of different functional ligands on the NP surface. It enables the synthesis of penta-functional C′ dots integrating a variety of properties into a single NP, i.e., fluorescence detection, specific cell targeting, radioisotope chelating/labeling, ratiometric pH sensing, and drug delivery, while the overall NP size remains below 7 nm. This is achieved by taking advantage of the fact that the PEG layer of C′ dots is penetrable to small molecules. Amine- and/or thiol-functionalized silane molecules can be inserted between PEG chains and onto the silica surface of C′ dots, to which additional functional ligands can subsequently be attached. This post-PEGylation surface modification by insertion (PPSMI) approach only requires a few extra steps sandwiched between C′ dot PEGylation and purification in the one-pot type water-based synthesis without diminishing high-quality NP generation. The resulting C′ dots with additional functionalities exhibit physicochemical properties like their size and PEG density close to clinically translated C dots, opening a gate to the diversification of their clinical applications. We further demonstrate a modification of the C′ dot synthesis enabling large numbers of targeting peptides per particle as well as a facile and versatile spectroscopic approach to quantitatively assess the specific numbers of the different surface ligands by deconvolution of absorption spectra into individual components. Insights gained from this study of synthetic PEGylation and post-PEGylation surface modification methods may be transferred to the development of other PEGylated NP platforms for biomedical applications and clinical translation.
Structure of Tm@C82(I) Metallofullerene by Single-Crystal X-ray Diffraction Using the 1:2 Co-Crystal with Octaethylporphyrin Nickel (Ni(OEP)) (2013)

The molecular structure of Tm@C82 (isomer I) is revealed by single-crystal X-ray diffraction of the 1:2 cocrystal with nickel octaethylporphyrin (Ni(OEP)). A rotational movement of Tm@C82(I) molecule in the 1:1 cocrystal is dramatically suppressed by the coordination of two Ni(OEP) ligands in the 1:2 cocrystal. The structure of Tm@C82(I) in the crystal is explained by the orientation disorder with two different orientations. The so-obtained carbon cage structure is Cs(6)–C82. The restricted molecular orientations of Tm@C82(I) in the 1:2 cocrystal are achieved by the molecular dipole moment of Tm@C82(I) that interacts with two Ni(OEP) ligands. The present study suggests that the intermolecular interactions can reduce the degree of freedom in the orientation of spherical metallofullerene molecules in the crystals and complexes.
Innate lymphoid cells: A new paradigm in immunology (2015)

Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are a growing family of immune cells that mirror the phenotypes and functions of T cells. However, in contrast to T cells, ILCs do not express acquired antigen receptors or undergo clonal selection and expansion when stimulated. Instead, ILCs react promptly to signals from infected or injured tissues and produce an array of secreted proteins termed cytokines that direct the developing immune response into one that is adapted to the original insult. The complex cross-talk between microenvironment, ILCs, and adaptive immunity remains to be fully deciphered. Only by understanding these complex regulatory networks can the power of ILCs be controlled or unleashed in order to regulate or enhance immune responses in disease prevention and therapy.
Adaptive Complexity Equalization for the Downlink in WCDMA Systems (2006)

We consider the issue of terminal reconfigurability in the downlink of WCDMA. For the purpose of optimizing power consumption in mobile terminals, we propose an adaptive- complexity equalization algorithm, which adapts the equalization length to the environment. A simple approach in WCDMA systems consists of computing the equalizer coefficients in frequency domain, and carry out channel equalization in time domain. The equalizer can be easily computed in frequency domain from channel estimates, which are generally obtained through pilot symbols. In our work, we decouple the task of adaptive complexity equalization in two parallel operations: variable length equalization and equalization length control. We propose a practical scheme to reduce equalization complexity by prewindowing in frequency domain and performing IFFT of variable length. An element of length control monitors the equalizer coefficients, updating the equalizer length at each stage. Both simulation and experimental results in outdoor-to- indoor scenarios show good performance and significant power savings with respect to full length equalization.
The State of the Art of Nanobioscience in Japan (2006)

This paper reviews a part of the state of the art of nanobioscience in Japan. The importance of combination and integration of interdisciplinary principles is emphasized for the development of nanobioscience. Biomagnetics, biomechanics, nanomachining, self-replicating cell model, neuronal network, drug delivery system, and tissue engineering are discussed.
1,6- and 1,7-Regioisomers of Asymmetric and Symmetric Perylene Bisimides: Synthesis, Characterization and Optical Properties (2013)

The 1,6- and 1,7-regioisomers of dinitro- (1,6-A and 1,7-A) and diamino-substituted perylene bisimides (1,6-B and 1,7-B), and 1-amino-6-nitro- and 1-amino-7-nitroperylene bisimides (1,6-C and 1,7-C) were synthesized. The 1,6-A and 1,7-A regioisomers were successfully separated by high performance liquid chromatography and characterized by 500 MHz 1H-NMR spectroscopy, and subsequently, their reduction which afforded the corresponding diaminoperylene bisimides 1,6-B and 1,7-B, respectively. On the other hand, the monoreduction of 1,6-A and 1,7-A, giving the asymmetric 1-amino-6-nitro (1,6-C) and 1-amino-7-nitroperylene bisimides (1,7-C), respectively, can be performed by shortening the reaction time from 6 h to 1 h. This is the first time the asymmetric 1,6-disubstituted perylene bisimide 1,6-C is obtained in pure form. The photophysical properties of 1,6-A and 1,7-A were found to be almost the same. However, the regioisomers 1,6-C and 1,7-C, as well as 1,6-B and 1,7-B, exhibit significant differences in their optical characteristics. Time-dependent density functional theory calculations performed on these dyes are reported in order to rationalize their electronic structure and absorption spectra.
Stem cell pluripotency: A cellular trait that depends on transcription factors, chromatin state and a checkpoint deficient cell cycle (2009)

Embryonic stem (ES) and induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells self-renew and are pluripotent. Differentiation of these cells can yield over 200 somatic cell types, making pluripotent cells an obvious source for regenerative medicine. Before the potential of these cells can be maximally harnessed for clinical applications, it will be necessary to understand the processes that maintain pluripotentiality and signal differentiation. Currently, three unique molecular properties distinguish pluripotent stem cells from somatic cells. These include a unique transcriptional hierarchy that sustains the pluripotent state during the process of self-renewal; a poised epigenetic state that maintains chromatin in a form ready for rapid cell fate decisions; and a cell cycle characterized by an extremely short gap 1 (G1) phase and the near absence of normal somatic cell checkpoint controls. Recently, B-MYB (MYBL2) was implicated in the gene regulation of two pluripotency factors and normal cell cycle progression. In this article, the three pluripotency properties and the potential role of B-Myb to regulate these processes will be discussed.
Genome‐Wide Association Study Using Historical Breeding Populations Discovers Genomic Regions Involved in High‐Quality Rice (2018)

Rice ( L.) is one of the most important staple food crops in the world; however, there has recently been a shift in consumer demand for higher grain quality. Therefore, understanding the genetic architecture of grain quality has become a key objective of rice breeding programs. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) using large diversity panels have successfully identified genomic regions associated with complex traits in diverse crop species. Our main objective was to identify genomic regions associated with grain quality and to identify and characterize favorable haplotypes for selection. We used two locally adapted rice breeding populations and historical phenotypic data for three rice quality traits: yield after milling, percentage of head rice recovery, and percentage of chalky grain. We detected 22 putative quantitative trait loci (QTL) in the same genomic regions as starch synthesis, starch metabolism, and cell wall synthesis-related genes are found. Additionally, we found a genomic region on chromosome 6 in the population that was associated with all quality traits and we identified favorable haplotypes. Furthermore, this region is linked to the gene that codes for a starch branching enzyme I, which is implicated in starch granule formation. In , we also found two putative QTL linked to , , and . Our study provides an insight into the genetic basis of rice grain chalkiness, yield after milling, and head rice, identifying favorable haplotypes and molecular markers for selection in breeding programs.
Development of high-density ceramic composites for ballistic applications (1993)

The application of ceramic composites for ballistic application has been generally developed with ceramics of low density, between 2.5 and 4.5 g/cm{sup 2}. These materials have offered good performance in defeating small-caliber penetrators, but can suffer time-dependent degradation effects when thicker ceramic tiles are needed to defeat modem, longer, heavy metal penetrators that erode rather than break up. This paper addresses the ongoing development, fabrication procedures, analysis, and ballistic evaluation of thinner, denser ceramics for use in armor applications. Nuclear Metals Incorporated (NMI) developed a process for the manufacture of depleted uranium (DU) ceramics. Samples of the ceramics have been supplied to the US Army Research Laboratory (ARL) as part of an unfunded cooperative study agreement. The fabrication processes used, characterization of the ceramic, and a ballistic comparison between the DU-based ceramic with baseline Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} will be presented.
Primary B-cell immunoblastic lymphoma of pancreas. (1991)

Extranodal lymphoma may present as an abdominal mass without evidence of disease elsewhere. Predominant pancreatic involvement with lymphoma is rare. Presenting as a pancreatic mass, it may be difficult to differentiate if from carcinoma. Ultrasound-guided fine needle biopsy and immunocytochemistry are helpful in establishing a histological diagnosis. It is important to differentiate lymphoma from carcinoma, because lymphoma is treated differently and has a better prognosis.
Delay-optimal technology mapping by DAG covering (1998)

We propose an algorithm for minimal-delay technology mapping for library-based designs. We show that subject graphs need not be decomposed into trees for delay minimization; they can be mapped directly as DAGs. Experimental results demonstrate that significant delay improvement is possible by this new approach.
Laser-Induced Electron Emission from Au Nanowires: A Probe for Orthogonal Polarizations (2018)

Photoelectron field emission, induced by femtosecond laser pulses focused on metallic nanotips, provides spatially coherent and temporally short electron pulses. The properties of the photoelectron yield give insight into both the material properties of the nanostructure and the exciting laser focus. Ultralong nanoribbons, grown as a single crystal attached to a metallic taper, are sources of electron field emission that have not yet been characterized. In this report, photoemission from gold nanoribbon samples is studied and compared to emission from tungsten and gold tips. We observe that the emission from sharp tips generally depends on one transverse component of the exciting laser field, while the emission of a blunted nanoribbon is found to be sensitive to both components. We propose that this property makes photoemission from nanoribbons a candidate for position-sensitive detection of the longitudinal field component in a tightly focused beam.
High frequency locality embodied in terms of Fresnel zone number for matrix size reduction in method of moments (2011)

In high frequency, due to the locality of the scattering, the importance of currents is localized near the scattering centers, which correspond the stationary phase points and the edge diffraction points, as is defined by the GTD. This localization would provide the reduction of unknowns in the method of moments (MoM), though the area of importance moves with the location of the source and the observer. If this concept is extended for the observer on the surface of scatterer, the reaction matrix is transformed into the sparse band matrix. Authors have proposed the use of Fresnel zone number as the threshold for the truncation of the scatterers or the reaction matrix. This talk reviews the concept and the advancement of the high frequency technique based upon the locality of scattering in terms of Fresnel zone number.
Evolutionary and efficient context management in heterogeneous environments (2005)

Mobile computing and pervasive environments are mainly characterized by heterogeneity of devices, with different capabilities, resources, operating systems and applications. In a realistic scenario for context-aware computing, middleware should be deployable in the whole distributed system, despite device's resource limitations, and the developer should be able to evolve the context model when new context-aware applications or context providers are introduced. This paper discusses how context modeling and design of middleware architecture can impact on the efficiency of provision, distribution and access of context information in heterogeneous environments. This paper describes a middleware architecture and design strategies in order to address such requirements.
Electrostatic generators (1965)

The steady progress in particle accelerators, supervoltage X-rays, electrostatic painting and spraying, nuclear physics, electron microscopy and high-voltage testing equipment calls for a generator of smooth direct current in the 50 kV-10 MV range. The electrostatic generator offers a possible solution to this demand.
Sensorless On-line Rotor Parameter Detection of Induction Machines Based on Inverter Excitation (2018)

This study presents a new online rotor resistance/temperature detection technique for utilization in speed sensorless control. The technique proposed is based on analysis and exploitation of inherent machine saliencies. For exploitation of the machine saliencies, a transient voltage pulse excitation method was accomplished. Influence of temperature on saliency parameters are utilized to adjust rotor parameters in order to establish accurate control performance. Measurement results presented, verify the accuracy of the proposed method by comparing estimated and sensor-based values of torque and slip.
Epigenetically mediated gene silencing: a companion to genetic alterations in driving tumorigenesis (2007)

Click to launch & play an online audio visual presentation by Prof. Stephen Baylin on Epigenetically mediated gene silencing: a companion to genetic alterations in driving tumorigenesis, part of a collection of multimedia lectures.
Acute Neonatal Infections ‘Lock-In’ a Suboptimal CD8+ T Cell Repertoire with Impaired Recall Responses (2013)

Microbial infection during various stages of human development produces widely different clinical outcomes, yet the links between age-related changes in the immune compartment and functional immunity remain unclear. The ability of the immune system to respond to specific antigens and mediate protection in early life is closely correlated with the level of diversification of lymphocyte antigen receptors. We have previously shown that the neonatal primary CD8+ T cell response to replication competent virus is significantly constricted compared to the adult response. In the present study, we have analyzed the subsequent formation of neonatal memory CD8+ T cells and their response to secondary infectious challenge. In particular, we asked whether the less diverse CD8+ T cell clonotypes that are elicited by neonatal vaccination with replication competent virus are 'locked-in' to the adult memory T cell, and thus may compromise the strength of adult immunity. Here we report that neonatal memory CD8+ T cells mediate poor recall responses compared to adults and are comprised of a repertoire of lower avidity T cells. During a later infectious challenge the neonatal memory CD8+ T cells compete poorly with the fully diverse repertoire of naïve adult CD8+ T cells and are outgrown by the adult primary response. This has important implications for the timing of vaccination in early life.
The resistance to PWSCC of explosively expanded Alloy 600 tube-to-tubesheet joints (1992)

Experimental evaluations were performed to determine the approximate magnitude of the residual stresses associated with explosively expanded steam generator tubing, and to assess the resistance to primary water stress corrosion cracking (PWSCC) of these expansions. Indexing of residual stresses was performed by means of magnesium chloride exposures of surrogate stainless steel mockups. The PWSCC resistance was evaluated by the testing of pressurized mockups of explosively expanded mill annealed Alloy 600 tubing in a highly accelerated Alloy 600 tubing in a highly accelerated steam test environment. Shot peening of the inside tube surfaces was demonstrated to be effective in modifying the residual stresses, providing additional resistance to PWSCC.
Different adaptive strategies in E. coli populations evolving under macronutrient limitation and metal ion limitation (2018)

Our results show two different forms of adaptive strategies under limitation of nutrients that effect cellular physiology in different ways. Adaptation to nitrogen starvation proceeds by upregulation of transcriptional regulator glnG and subsequently of transporter protein amtB, both of which results in increased nitrogen scavenging ability of the cell. On the other hand, adaptation to magnesium starvation proceeds via the restructuring of the cell outer-membrane, allowing magnesium to be redistributed to other biological processes. Also, adaptation to the chemostat environment involves selection for loss of function mutations in genes that under nutrient-limiting conditions interfere with continuous growth.
Human mouse chimeric CD7 monoclonal antibody (SDZCHH380) for the prophylaxis of kidney transplant rejection (1993)

Abstract mAb directed against CD7 have been shown to inhibit T cell proliferation in the allogeneic mixed lymphocyte reaction suggesting that CD7 may be an appropriate target for in vivo immunotherapy. We performed a prospective randomized clinical trial with a human-mouse chimeric CD7 mAb (SDZCHH380) and compared it with murine OKT3 for the prophylaxis of kidney transplant rejection. Twenty recipients of first cadaveric renal allografts were randomized to receive either SDZCHH380 or OKT3. SDZCHH380 was well tolerated. Rejection was delayed to day 35. No patients were sensitized to SDZCHH380. In contrast 7/10 OKT3 patients made anti-OKT3 antibodies. SDZCHH380 coated peripheral blood and lymph node T cells and, in contrast to OKT3, induced minimal release of IL-2, IL-6, TNF-alpha, and IFN-gamma. In addition, we showed that CD7-negative T cells mediated rejection in one of the SDZCHH380-treated patients. We conclude that the human-mouse chimeric CD7 mAb SDZCHH380 is well tolerated, is not immunogenic, and merits further study in the prophylaxis of transplant rejection.
Simultaneous determination of iodine, bromine, selenium and arsenic in geological samples by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (2002)

The feasibility of determining trace iodine, bromine, selenium and arsenic simultaneously in geological samples by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) was investigated. The samples were mixed with flux (sodium carbonate and zinc oxide), sintered at 650 °C for 40 min in a muffle furnace and then dissolved in hot water. The cations were separated from the sample solution by using a cation-exchange resin. The analyte anions were determined by ICP-MS directly. The signal responses for the different anion species in different solution media were assessed. The sintering temperature, holding time, and amounts of flux and cation-exchange resin were optimised. The ion signal intensity of I− in nitric acid was much higher than that of IO3− and IO4−. In addition, the observed I− signal in nitric acid was not stable. Weak acid solution or dilute ammonia solution was found to be a suitable medium for determination of these elements. Ammonia solution is also effective in eliminating the memory effect of iodine and bromine. The method was applied to the determination of trace Br, I, Se and As in a series of Chinese geological reference materials (GRM, soils and stream sediments). Most of the results were found to be in reasonable agreement with the certified values. The limits of quantitation for Br, I, Se and As were 0.15, 0.03, 0.004 and 0.04 µg g−1, respectively. Precision was between 0.8 and 2.8% RSD. It was shown that the method has great potential for the routine determination of total iodine, bromine, selenium and arsenic in geological samples.
ChemInform Abstract: Diversity‐Oriented Synthesis of Bicyclic and Tricyclic Alkaloids. (2010)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.