gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Segway RMP-based robotic transport system. (2002)

In the area of logistics, there currently is a capability gap between the one-ton Army robotic Multifunction Utility/Logistics and Equipment (MULE) vehicle and a soldier's backpack. The Unmanned Systems Branch at Space and Naval Warfare Systems Center (SPAWAR Systems Center, or SSC), San Diego, with the assistance of a group of interns from nearby High Tech High School, has demonstrated enabling technologies for a solution that fills this gap. A small robotic transport system has been developed based on the Segway Robotic Mobility Platform(TM) (RMP). We have demonstrated teleoperated control of this robotic transport system, and conducted two demonstrations of autonomous behaviors. Both demonstrations involved a robotic transporter following a human leader. In the first demonstration, the transporter used a vision system running a continuously adaptive mean-shift filter to track and follow a human. In the second demonstration, the separation between leader and follower was significantly increased using Global Positioning System (GPS) information. The track of the human leader, with a GPS unit in his backpack, was sent wirelessly to the transporter, also equipped with a GPS unit. The robotic transporter traced the path of the human leader by following these GPS breadcrumbs. We have additionally demonstrated a robotic medical patient transport capability by using the Segway RMP to power a mock-up of the Life Support for Trauma and Transport (LSTAT) patient care platform, on a standard NATO litter carrier. This paper describes the development of our demonstration robotic transport system and the various experiments conducted.
Accumulation-layer surface-wave convolver (1973)

A new type of coupled silicon–lithium-niobate convolver is reported, in which a known accumulation layer of electrons was produced at the silicon surface. By applying a normal electric field, the electron density was varied, and the convolution signal was a strong function of this surface charge density.
Interleukin 1 beta (IL1B) gene polymorphisms are not associated with gastric carcinogenesis in Germany. (2010)

None of the four major polymorphisms is individually or in its haplotype configuration linked to the development of GC in this Caucasian population in Germany.
Solidification Behavior and Microstructure Formation in a Cast Nickel Based Superalloy: Experiment and Modeling (1992)

The solidification behavior of a nickel based superalloy (GTD111 l/) has been determined by using a modified DTA technique which allowed us to measure the liquidus, solidus and eutectic temperatures on heating and the maximum undercooling and the local solidification time, on cooling, obtained in each sample. The concentrations of alloy elements at the center and edge of dendrite arms and in the carbide and matrix phases have been determined by WDS microanalysis, which helped us to identify the phases formed during solidification. The partitioning of each alloy element has been studied by the average ratio of concentration at the center of dendrite arm against that at the dendrite edge. The grain sizes and dendrite arm spacings at different cooling rates were measured on lightly etched sections of the samples which had been solidified in the modified DTA cooling runs while the eutectic size was measured on the polished section of the samples. An empirical relationship between the maximum undercooling and the grain size has allowed us to establish a quantitative nucleation law based on a previous analysis used in cast iron, steel, cast aluminum and aluminum aerospace alloys. A general solidification microstructure model initially developed for the binary system has been modified for a multi-component system such as nickel based superalloys. This model predicts the microstructural parameters in the castings: grain size and its distribution, and the primary and secondary dendrite arm spacings, all as functions of the cooling rate. The predictions of this model compare well with the measured results. This model should be applicable to other superalloys. t/ GTD111 is a patented nickel-based superalloy by General Electric Co. (see Ref. [ 11). Superalloys 1992 Edited by S.D. Antolovich, R.W. Stusrud, R.A. MacKay, D.L. Anton, T. Khan, R.D. Kissinger, D.L. Klarstrom The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society, 1992
Contribution of tumor necrosis factor-alpha to pulmonary cytokine expression and lung injury after hemorrhage and resuscitation (1995)

These results indicate that TNF-alpha has an important role in the development of acute inflammatory lung injury after blood loss. Blockade of TNF-alpha with monoclonal antibodies significantly reduces hemorrhage-induced lung injury.
Handedness preference and switching of peptide helices. Part II: Helices based on noncodedα‐amino acids (2015)

In this second part of our review article on the preferred screw sense and interconversion of peptide helices, we discuss the most significant computational and experimental data published on helices formed by the most extensively investigated categories of noncoded α-amino acids. They are as follows: (i) N-alkylated Gly residues (peptoids), (ii) C(α) -alkylated α-amino acids, (iii) C(α,β) -sp(2) configurated α-amino acids, and (iv) combinations of residues of types (ii) and (iii). With confidence, the large body of interesting papers examined and classified in this editorial effort will stimulate the development of helical peptides in many diverse areas of biosciences and nanosciences.
Effects of Combination of Air Temperature and Soil Moisture Contents on Growth, Clove Initiation, Physiological Disorders, and Yield of Garlic (2018)

The objective of this study was to determine the effects of combination of air temperature and soil water contents on growth, physiological disorder rate, and yield of garlic. This experiments has been carried out in the typical plastic house (one side open and other side installed ventilation fans) which was maintained gradient air temperature (maximum different value of air temperature : 6 o C). The excessive irrigation (EI) set at 0.34 m 3 /m 3 soil moisture contents. The significant differences found in the growth parameters of garlics as affected by air temperature and soil moisture conditions. The plant height of garlic with combination of ambient (A)+6 o C and optimal irrigation (OI; set at 0.22 m 3 /m 3 soil moisture contents) treatments represented 47.4 cm/plant, which was the highest among all the tested treatments. The leaf length and width showed the greatest, which were 16.1 and 2.4 cm/plant, respectively, in A+6 o C-OI. The physiological disorder ratio was higher as 12.9% at A+6 o C-OI and was not occurred at ambient temperature with EI compared with OI treatment. The bulb and clove weight were dramatically decreased at A+6 o C temperature treatment. The yields were decreased by 51% in OI at A+6 o C and A+3 o C temperature treatment. Those results indicated that yields were decreased and ratio of physiological disorders was increased by high temperature treatments.
The increase of the global donor inventory is of limited benefit to patients of non-Northwestern European descent (2016)

Between 2001 and 2012, the number of unrelated donors registered worldwide increased from 7 to 21 million, and the number of public cord blood units increased to over 500,000. We addressed the question of whether this expansion resulted in higher percentages of patients reaching transplantation. Unrelated donor searches were evaluated for 3,124 eligible patients in the Netherlands in two cohorts (2001-2006, n=995; 2007-2012, n=2129), comparing results for patients of Northwestern European and non-Northwestern European origin. Endpoints were 'donor found' and 'transplantation reached'. The substantial growth of the donor inventory over the period studied did not increase the median number of potential unrelated donors (n=7) for non-Northwestern European patients, but almost doubled the number for Northwestern European patients from 42 to 71. Before and after 2007, an unrelated donor or cord blood was identified for 91% and 95%, respectively, of Northwestern European patients and for 65% and 82% of non-Northwestern European patients (P<0.0001). Non-Northwestern European patients more often needed a cord blood transplant. The degree of HLA matching was significantly lower for non-Northwestern European patients (P<0.0006). The time needed to identify a donor decreased for both populations. The percentage of Northwestern European patients reaching transplantation increased from 77% to 83% and for non-Northwestern European patients from 57% to 72% (P=0.0003). The increase of the global inventory resulted in more transplants for patients lacking a family donor, although the quality and quantity of (potential) haematopoietic cell grafts for patients of a non-Northwestern European descent remained inferior, indicating the need for adaptation of recruitment.
Abstract 3358: Multibiomarker Approach Predicts Adverse Cardiovascular Outcomes in Women Evaluated for Suspected Ischemia without Obstructive CAD Better than Traditional Risk Predictors: Results from the NHLBI-sponsored Women’s Ischemia Syndrome Evaluation (WISE) (2006)

Background Inflammatory markers and low hemoglobin (Hgb) levels predict adverse cardiovascular (CV) outcomes in selected populations. The evaluation of traditional risk predictors in this context i...
ChemInform Abstract: A Practical Titanium‐Catalyzed Synthesis of Bicyclic Cyclopentenones and Allylic Amines. (1996)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Electromigration comparison of selective CVD cobalt capping with PVD Ta(N) and CVD cobalt liners on 22nm-groundrule dual-damascene Cu interconnects (2013)

Alternate metallization schemes for copper interconnect using selective CVD Co capping at the 22nm technology node are investigated. Control splits fabricated with PVD Ta(N) barrier/liner layers and CuMn alloy seedlayers are compared against interconnects fabricated using a PVD TaN barrier/CVD Co liner scheme with selective CVD Co capping. Secondary ion mass spectroscopy (SIMS) studies of PVD TaN barrier/CVD Co liner structures indicates that top-surface segregation of the Mn-dopant in alloy seedlayers is suppressed in the presence of the CVD Co Liner. Alternate metal capping in the form of selective CVD Co layers is evaluated in combination with CVD Co liners. Good electrical yields are obtained in-line with the Co liner/Co cap scheme. The PVD TaN/Co-Liner/Selective CVD Co cap combination is seen to have greatly enhanced electromigration performance over PVD Ta(N)/PVD CuMn controls, with T50 fail times for the former being ~100x longer than the controls. Kinetics studies of the CVD Co liner/selective Co cap samples show electromigration activation energies of 1.7 eV, a substantial enhancement over the 1.0 eV obtained for the PVD Ta(N)/CuMn controls.
Data from Diminished Immune Surveillance during Histologic Progression of Intraductal Papillary Mucinous Neoplasms Offers a Therapeutic Opportunity for Cancer Interception (2023)

&lt;div&gt;AbstractPurpose:&lt;p&gt;Intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms (IPMN) are bona fide precursors to pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). While genomic alterations during multistep IPMN progression have been well cataloged, the accompanying changes within the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) have not been comprehensively studied. Herein, we investigated TIME-related alterations during IPMN progression, using multiplex immunofluorescence (mIF) coupled with high-resolution image analyses.&lt;/p&gt;Experimental Design:&lt;p&gt;Two sets of formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue samples from surgically resected IPMNs were analyzed. The training set of 30 samples consisted of 11 low-grade IPMN (LG-IPMN), 17 high-grade IPMN (HG-IPMN), and 2 IPMN with PDAC, while a validation set of 93 samples comprised of 55 LG-IPMN and 38 HG-IPMN. The training set was analyzed with two panels of immuno-oncology–related biomarkers, while the validation set was analyzed with a subset of markers found significantly altered in the training set.&lt;/p&gt;Results:&lt;p&gt;Cell types indicative of enhanced immune surveillance, including cytotoxic and memory T cells, and antigen-experienced T cells and B cells, were all found at higher densities within isolated LG-IPMNs compared with HG-IPMNs. Notably, the TIME of LG-IPMNs that had progressed at the time of surgical resection (progressor LGD) resembled that of the synchronous HG-IPMNs, underscoring that attenuated immune surveillance occurs even in LG-IPMNs destined for progression.&lt;/p&gt;Conclusions:&lt;p&gt;Our findings provide a basis for interception of cystic neoplasia to PDAC, through maintenance of sustained immune surveillance using vaccines and other prevention approaches.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Finding Optimal Controls for Helicopter Maneuvers Using the Direct Multiple-Shooting Method (2010)

The purpose of this paper deals with direct multiple-shooting method (DMS) to resolve helicopter maneuver problems of helicopters. The maneuver problem is transformed into nonlinear problems and solved DMS technique. The DMS method is easy in handling constraints and it has large convergence radius compared to other strategies. When parameterized with piecewise constant controls, the problems become most effectively tractable because the search direction is easily estimated by solving the structured Karush-Kuhn-Tucker (KKT) system. However, generally the computation of function, gradients and Hessian matrices has considerably time-consuming for complex system such as helicopter. This study focused on the approximation of the KKT system using the matrix exponential and its integrals. The propose method is validated by solving optimal control problems for the linear system where the KKT system is exactly expressed with the matrix exponential and its integrals. The trajectory tracking problem of various maneuvers like bob up, sidestep near hovering flight speed and hurdle hop, slalom, transient turn, acceleration and deceleration are analyzed to investigate the effects of algorithmic details. The results show the matrix exponential approach to compute gradients and the Hessian matrix is most efficient among the implemented methods when combined with the mixed time integration method for the system dynamics. The analyses with the proposed method show good convergence and capability of tracking the prescribed trajectory. Therefore, it can be used to solve critical areas of helicopter flight dynamic problems.
Fast second-order statistical static timing analysis using parameter dimension reduction (2007)

The ability to account for the growing impacts of multiple process variations in modern technologies is becoming an integral part of nanometer VLSI design. Under the context of timing analysis, the need for combating process variations has sparkled a growing body of statistical static timing analysis (SSTA) techniques. While first-order SSTA techniques enjoy good runtime efficiency desired for tackling large industrial designs, more accurate second-order SSTA techniques have been proposed to improve the analysis accuracy, but at the cost of high computational complexity. Although many sources of variations may impact the circuit performance, considering a large number of inter-die and intra-die variations in the traditional SSTA analysis is very challenging. In this paper, we address the analysis complexity brought by high parameter dimensionality in static timing analysis and propose an accurate yet fast second-order SSTA algorithm based upon novel parameter dimension reduction. By developing reduced-rank regression based parameter reduction algorithms within block-based SSTA flow, we demonstrate that accurate second order SSTA analysis can be extended to a much higher parameter dimensionality than what is possible before. Our experimental results have shown that the proposed parameter reduction can achieve up to 10X parameter dimension reduction and lead to significantly improved second-order SSTA analysis under a large set of process variations.
Silver- and Indium-Free Silicon Heterojunction Solar Cell (2020)

Currently about 2000 tons of silver are consumed for 100 GW PV production per year and this are 10% of the entire world annual silver supply. Annual production volumes in the terawatt range are predicted by renowned experts already for 2030 and replacement of expensive and rare elements becomes imperative to sustain PV production on such a large scale. Replacement of silver has already been demonstrated and several process options for copper plating on heterojunction cells exist. With our plating sequense, comprising a PVD seed layer and hotmelt inkjet patterning and compatible with chemically resistant thin conductive oxides such as ITO or IWO, high efficiency of 24.7% has been achieved on industrial heterojunction cell precursors and excellent module reliability confirmed in extended aging tests. This process has been modified for cells having an aluminum zinc oxide layer. In the first cell experiment the efficiency was 0.6% lower than the screen printed reference, because of lower Jsc. This is caused by remaining minor attact on the AZO during processing and optimization of the etch-back solution is ongoing.
Smooth muscles are frequent components of endometriotic lesions (2000)

Deep infiltrating endometriosis (deeper than 5 mm under the peritoneum) often takes the form of a nodular lesion (or 'adenomyotic nodule') consisting of smooth muscles and fibrosis with active glands and scanty stroma. Thus, among endometriotic lesions, a certain distinction is drawn between musculo-glandular lesions and glandular lesions composed of endometrial-like epithelium surrounded by a cell-producing (cytogenous) stroma. The aim of this study was to detect by immunohistochemistry, with a monoclonal antibody against muscle-specific actin, the presence of smooth muscles in 54 endometriotic lesions originating from four different pelvic locations (peritoneum, ovary, rectovaginal septum and uterosacral ligaments) and to quantify the smooth muscle content. Smooth muscles were frequent components of endometriotic lesions in pelvic locations. In addition, smooth muscles were significantly (P < 0. 001) more abundant in endometriotic lesions than in their respective unaffected sites. This finding supports, at least partially, the occurrence of a metaplastic phenomenon in the pathogenesis of endometriotic lesions. The definition of distinct endometriotic entities based on the difference in the tissue composition of the lesions (endometriotic nodules versus adenomyotic nodules) is inconsistent with the very frequent presence of smooth muscle cells in endometriosis irrespective of its localization.
Single-Cell Analysis of Growth and Cell Division of the Anaerobe Desulfovibrio vulgaris Hildenborough (2015)

Recent years have seen significant progress in understanding basic bacterial cell cycle properties such as cell growth and cell division. While characterization and regulation of bacterial cell cycle is quite well-documented in the case of fast growing aerobic model organisms, no data has been so far reported for anaerobic bacteria. This lack of information in anaerobic microorganisms can mainly be explained by the absence of molecular and cellular tools such as single cell microscopy and fluorescent probes usable for anaerobes and essential to study cellular events and/or subcellular localization of the actors involved in cell cycle. In this study, single-cell microscopy has been adapted to study for the first time, in real time, the cell cycle of a bacterial anaerobe, Desulfovibrio vulgaris Hildenborough (DvH). This single-cell analysis provides mechanistic insights into the cell division cycle of DvH, which seems to be governed by the recently discussed so-called incremental model that generates remarkably homogeneous cell sizes. Furthermore, cell division was reversibly blocked during oxygen exposure. This may constitute a strategy for anaerobic cells to cope with transient exposure to oxygen that they may encounter in their natural environment, thereby contributing to their aerotolerance. This study lays the foundation for the first molecular, single-cell assay that will address factors that cannot otherwise be resolved in bulk assays and that will allow visualization of a wide range of molecular mechanisms within living anaerobic cells.
Supplementary Figure 2 from Lowering Bone Mineral Affinity of Bisphosphonates as a Therapeutic Strategy to Optimize Skeletal Tumor Growth Inhibition <i>In vivo</i> (2023)

Supplementary Figure 2 from Lowering Bone Mineral Affinity of Bisphosphonates as a Therapeutic Strategy to Optimize Skeletal Tumor Growth Inhibition &lt;i&gt;In vivo&lt;/i&gt;
Crinamine from Crinum asiaticum var. japonicum Inhibits Hypoxia Inducible Factor-1 Activity But Not Activity of Hypoxia Inducible Factor-2 (2006)

In a search for natural product inhibitors of hypoxia inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) function, crinamine (1), a crinane type alkaloid, showed potent dose dependent inhibition (IC50 = 2.7 microM) of HIF-1alpha in a cell-based reporter gene assay. Crinamine (1) was isolated from the aerial parts of Crinum asiaticum var. japonicum together with lycorine (2), norgalanthamine (3) and epinorgalanthamine (4). The other components (2-4) showed no significant inhibition of HIF-1alpha induced transcriptional activity.
COMMERCIAL EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX SCAFFOLDS FOR ROTATOR CUFF TENDON REPAIR (2006)

Background: We are not aware of any in vitro study comparing the biomechanical, biochemical, and cellular properties of commercial extracellular matrix materials marketed for rotator cuff tendon repair. In this study, the properties of GraftJacket, TissueMend, Restore, and CuffPatch were quantified and compared with each other. The elastic moduli were also compared with that of normal canine infraspinatus tendon. Methods: Samples were tested from different manufacturing lots of four materials: GraftJacket (ten lots), TissueMend (six), Restore (ten), and CuffPatch (six). The Kruskal-Wallis test was used to compare thickness, stiffness, and modulus as well as hydroxyproline, chondroitin/dermatan sulfate glycosaminoglycan, hyaluronan, and DNA contents among these matrices. The moduli of the extracellular matrices were also compared with those of normal canine infraspinatus tendon. Results: All four extracellular matrices required 10% to 30% stretch before they began to carry substantial load. Their maximum moduli were realized in their linear region at 30% to 80% strain. The elastic moduli of all four commercial matrices were an order of magnitude lower than that of canine infraspinatus tendon. TissueMend had significantly higher DNA content than the other three matrices (p < 0.0001), although both Restore and GraftJacket also had measurable amounts of DNA. Conclusions: Our data demonstrate chemical and mechanical differences among the four commercial extracellular matrices that we evaluated. Probably, the source (dermis or small intestine submucosa), species (human, porcine, or bovine), age of the donor (fetal or adult), and processing of these matrices all contribute to the unique biophysical properties of the delivered product. The biochemical composition of commercial extracellular matrices is similar to that of tendon. However, the elastic moduli of these materials are an order of magnitude lower than that of tendon, suggesting a limited mechanical role in augmentation of tendon repair. Clinical Relevance: These data will help inform and guide the clinical community with regard to the appropriate use of commercially available extracellular matrix products for augmentation of rotator cuff tendon repair. Knowledge of the biophysical properties of these materials is fundamental to making an educated decision about whether a given matrix might provide mechanical augmentation and/or enhance the biology of tendon-to-bone healing.