gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Task specific eye movements understanding for a gaze-sensitive dictionary (2004)

In this paper, we study the relation between the user's degree of understanding and his/her eye movements; in an effort to realize a proactive interface that monitors the user and provides a contextual support. The application is a gaze sensitive dictionary that helps the user when reading a text in a browser's window. Not only is the user's gaze analyzed but also the context and thus the difficulty degree of the text being read. The experiment results suggest using regressions as an indicator to trigger the help process along with a context grounding approach.
Specification of Vδ and Vα Usage by Tcra/Tcrd Locus V Gene Segment Promoters (2014)

The Tcra/Tcrd locus undergoes V-Dδ-Jδ rearrangement in CD4(-)CD8(-) thymocytes to form the TCRδ chain of the γδ TCR and V-Jα rearrangement in CD4(+)CD8(+) thymocytes to form the TCRα-chain of the αβ TCR. Most V segments in the locus participate in V-Jα rearrangement, but only a small and partially overlapping subset participates in V-Dδ-Jδ rearrangement. What specifies any particular Tcra/Tcrd locus V gene segment as a Vδ, a Vα, or both is currently unknown. We tested the hypothesis that V segment usage is specified by V segment promoter-dependent chromatin accessibility in developing thymocytes. TRAV15/DV6 family V gene segments contribute to both the Tcrd and the Tcra repertoires, whereas TRAV12 family V gene segments contribute almost exclusively to the Tcra repertoire. To understand whether the TRAV15/DV6 promoter region specifies TRAV15/DV6 as a Vδ, we used gene targeting to replace the promoter region of a TRAV12 family member with one from a TRAV15/DV6 family member. The TRAV15/DV6 promoter region conferred increased germline transcription and histone modifications to TRAV12 in double-negative thymocytes and caused a substantial increase in usage of TRAV12 in Tcrd recombination events. Our results demonstrate that usage of TRAV15/DV6 family V gene segments for Tcrd recombination in double-negative thymocytes is regulated, at least in part, by intrinsic features of TRAV15/DV6 promoters, and argue that Tcra/Tcrd locus Vδ gene segments are defined by their local chromatin accessibility in CD4(-)CD8(-) thymocytes.
Analytical expressions for the concentration of nitric oxide removal in the gas and biofilm phase in a biotrickling filter (2014)

In this paper, a mathematical model of nitric oxide removal using biotrickling filter (BTF) packed with uniform ceramic particles under thermophilic condition is discussed. The model proposed here is based on the mass transfer in gas-biofilm interface and chemical oxidation in the gas phase. Analytical expressions pertaining to the nitric oxide (NO) concentration in the gas and bio-film phase have been derived using the Adomian decomposition method (ADM) for all possible values of parameters. Furthermore, in this work the numerical simulation of the problem is also reported using Matlab program to investigate the dynamics of the system. Graphical results are presented and discussed quantitatively to illustrate the solution. Good agreement between the solutions is presented in this paper and numerical data are obtained.
Enhancing the Value of Histopathological Assessment of Allograft Biopsy Monitoring (2019)

Traditional histopathological allograft biopsy evaluation provides, within hours, diagnoses, prognostic information, and mechanistic insights into disease processes. However, proponents of an array of alternative monitoring platforms, broadly classified as "invasive" or "noninvasive" depending on whether allograft tissue is needed, question the value proposition of tissue histopathology. The authors explore the pros and cons of current analytical methods relative to the value of traditional and illustrate advancements of next-generation histopathological evaluation of tissue biopsies. We describe the continuing value of traditional histopathological tissue assessment and "next-generation pathology (NGP)," broadly defined as staining/labeling techniques coupled with digital imaging and automated image analysis. Noninvasive imaging and fluid (blood and urine) analyses promote low-risk, global organ assessment, and "molecular" data output, respectively; invasive alternatives promote objective, "mechanistic" insights by creating gene lists with variably increased/decreased expression compared with steady state/baseline. Proponents of alternative approaches contrast their preferred methods with traditional histopathology and: (1) fail to cite the main value of traditional and NGP-retention of spatial and inferred temporal context available for innumerable objective analyses and (2) belie an unfamiliarity with the impact of advances in imaging and software-guided analytics on emerging histopathology practices. Illustrative NGP examples demonstrate the value of multidimensional data that preserve tissue-based spatial and temporal contexts. We outline a path forward for clinical NGP implementation where "software-assisted sign-out" will enable pathologists to conduct objective analyses that can be incorporated into their final reports and improve patient care.
<i>Ex vivo</i> Investigation of Optimal Irradiation Parameters in Endovenous Laser Ablation at Wavelengths of 980 nm and 1470 nm (2014)

Endovenous laser ablation (EVLA) has become a minimally-invasive treatment of varicose veins. EVLA with the Japanese clinical trial was approved by the Japanese health and welfare ministry on January, 2011. However, there remain still some unsolved problems, such as pain and bruising of the treated vein. To our knowledge, there are few reports on the comparison of EVLA effects between the irradiation conditions to evaluate safety and efficacy quantitatively. The purpose of this study is to estimate the optimal irradiation conditions by ex vivo investigation. An ex vivo laser irradiation experiment was set up for various laser wavelengths, fiber types, and irradiation powers. The optical properties of samples were determined. Absorption coefficient of vein tissue at the wavelength of 1470 nm was 7 times larger than 980 nm. From the result of absorption coefficient, the laser with a wavelength at 1470 nm is more efficiency than the laser with a wavelength at 980 nm. A 2ring fiber gives rise to a sufficiently high shrinkage rate with less variability at each laser power. From the results of histological analysis, extensive necrosis from the tunica intima to tunica externa due to laser irradiation was observed. EVLA with a laser wavelength of 1470 nm and a 2ring fiber offers advantages.
Detector Light Response Modeling for a Thick Continuous Slab Detector (2008)

We investigate a method to improve the position decoding for thick crystal versions (i.e., ≥8 mm) of the continuous miniature crystal element (cMiCE) PET detector by more accurately modeling the detector light response function (LRF). The LRF for continuous detectors varies with the depth of interaction (DOI) of the detected photon. This variation in LRF can result in a positioning error for two-dimensional positioning algorithms. We explore a method to improve positioning performance by deriving two lookup tables, corresponding to the front and back regions of the crystal. The DETECT2000 simulation package was used to investigate the light response characteristics for a 48.8 mm by 48.8 mm by 10 (8) mm slab of LSO coupled to a 64-channel, flat-panel PMT. The data are then combined to produce the two-dimensional light collection histograms. Light collection histograms that have markedly non-Gaussian distributions are characterized as a combination of two Gaussian functions, where each Gaussian function corresponds to a DOI region of the crystal. The results indicate that modest gains in positioning accuracy are achieved near the central region of the crystal. However, significant improvements in spatial resolution and positioning bias are achieved for the corner section of the detector.
Cervical Cancer Screening in HIV-Positive Women (2012)

For HIV-seronegative women, recent cervical cancer screening guidelines have incorporated human papillomavirus (HPV) testing with screening intervals
The use of T-DNA insertional mutagenesis to improve cellulase production by the thermophilic fungus Humicola insolens Y1 (2016)

Humicola insolens is an excellent producer of pH-neutral active, thermostable cellulases that find many industrial applications. In the present study, we developed an efficient Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation system for H. insolens. We transformed plasmids carrying the promoter of the glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase gene of H. insolens driving the transcription of genes encoding neomycin phosphotransferase, hygromycin B phosphotransferase, and enhanced green fluorescent protein. We optimized transformation efficiency to obtain over 300 transformants/10(6) conidia. T-DNA insertional mutagenesis was employed to generate an H. insolens mutant library, and we isolated a transformant termed T4 with enhanced cellulase and hemicellulase activities. The FPase, endoglucanase, cellobiohydrolase, β-glucosidase, and xylanase activities of T4, measured at the end of fermentation, were 60%, 440%, 320%, 41%, and 81% higher than those of the wild-type strain, respectively. We isolated the sequences flanking the T-DNA insertions and thus identified new genes potentially involved in cellulase and hemicellulase production. Our results show that it is feasible to use T-DNA insertional mutagenesis to identify novel candidate genes involved in cellulase production. This will be valuable when genetic improvement programs seeking to enhance cellulase production are planned, and will also allow us to gain a better understanding of the genetics of the thermophilic fungus H. insolens.
Ultrahigh temperature and ultrahigh speed operationof1.3 µm strain-compensated AlGaInAs/InP uncooled laser diodes (1995)

High performance 1.3 µm uncooled lasers with excellent high temperature and high speed characteristics are reported. A CW characteristic temperature of 105 K between 25 and 85°C, a maximum CW operating temperature above 170°C, and an intrinsic 3 dB modulation bandwidths estimated at ≥ 23 GHz at 25°C and 15 GHz at 85°C, have been achieved. These values are among the best obtained for 1.3 µm AlGaInAs laser devices.
Webb, Murray, 1947- :Russell Crowe. [ca 12 December 2003] (2003)

Caricature of Russell Crowe, New Zealand born actor and Academy Award winner. 
Quantity: 1 digital image(s).
Energy-efficient communication system based on nonlinear scattering of standard OFDM signals (2014)

Development of miniaturized communication systems for exchanging data over short distances with little power consumption is an actual problem. This problem is solved by such standards as Bluetooth, ZigBee etc. Nowadays for extra size devices with power supply from external electromagnetic field are considered. In the paper we propose using nonlinear scattering effect for reusing energy radiated with standard wireless devices such as mobile phones, access points etc. For proposed solution link budget estimation is given. Performance of different types of receivers in communications system is investigated with both theoretical analysis and simulation.
Dielectric Properties of Ba(Zr,Ti)O 3 ‐Based Ferroelectrics for Capacitor Applications (2001)

The purpose of the present investigation is to describe the influence of the processing parameters on the dielectric behavior of manganese‐doped Ba(Ti 1− x Zr x )O 3 ceramics, particularly variations in the small‐signal aging rate, temperature characteristic, and hysteresis. In this paper, the aging behavior of base‐metal electrode materials above the temperature of the permittivity maximum ( T M ), including the influence of the zirconium content and annealing conditions, is described for the first time. The aging rate at temperatures greater than T M decreases as the oxygen partial pressure increases during annealing and the zirconium content increases, whereas the aging rate exhibits a maximum at temperatures much less than T M . The behavior is explained in terms of a diffuse phase transition. Hysteresis‐loop deformation is observed during aging.
Fate and Toxicity of 2-(Fluoromethoxy)-1,1,3,3,3-pentafluoro-1-propene (Compound A)-derived Mercapturates in Male, Fischer 344 Rats (1998)

Compounds 3 and 5 underwent little metabolism. Compound 5, but not compound 3, was mildly nephrotoxic. These results indicate that compound A-derived mercapturate formation constitutes a detoxication pathway for compound A.
VELOCITY-VORTICITY FORMULATION WITH VORTEX PARTICLE-IN-CELL METHOD FOR INCOMPRESSIBLE VISCOUS FLOW SIMULATION, PART I: FORMULATION AND VALIDATION (1999)

Abstract A new velocity-vorticity formulation along with a vortex particle-in-cell method (PIC) is developed to solve the incompressible viscous steady and unsteady flow problems for a closed domain. The article demonstrates that the vortex PIC method has some of the advantages of Lagrangian particle methods for computing convection, while the use of a Eulerian grid to compute the diffusion enables viscous flows to be computed. The solution procedure that is described takes advantage of fast Poisson solvers for computational efficiency. Two-dimensional driven cavity flows with impulsively started and oscillating lids are chosen to test the method. The computation results are in good agreement with those of the numerical literature.
ChemInform Abstract: TETRAGONAL VS. TRIGONAL COORDINATION IN COPPER(II) COMPLEXES WITH TRIPOD LIGANDS: STRUCTURES AND PROPERTIES OF (CU(C21H24N4)CL)PF6 AND (CU(C18H18N4)CL)PF6 (1983)

Abstract Röntgenanalytisch bestimmte Strukturdaten, elektronen‐ und ESR‐spektroskopische Daten sowie das cyclisch‐voltammetrisch ermittelte unterschiedliche Redoxverhalten der beiden Cu(II)‐Komplexe (I) und (II) bestätigen, daß abhängig von der Anzahl der Methylengruppen zwischen den Donator‐Atomen der vierzähnigen Tripodliganden diese eine tetragonale oder trigonale Koordinationsumgebung besitzen können.
Understanding the atomistic origin of hydration effects in single and mixed bulk alkali‐silicate glasses (2018)

Abstract Silica‐water interaction plays an essential role for the mechanical strength and chemical durability of alkali‐doped‐silicate glasses. A comprehensive study of single and mixed alkali‐silicate glasses with 30% molar content of Li 2 O, Na 2 O, and K 2 O, and half‐half mixture of Li 2 O–Na 2 O, Li 2 O–K 2 O, and Na 2 O–K 2 O in hydrated models is carried out using density functional theory methods. Information on atomic geometry, electronic structure, interatomic bonding, partial charge distribution, mechanical, and optical properties are obtained and compared. It confirms that water in the solvated and confined bulk models can be either dissociated or remains as H 2 O molecule depending on the distribution and specific alkali elements. A quantum mechanical metric, the total bond order density is used to unravel the atomistic origin of the internal cohesion and strength of glasses in different environments. In particular, we show that the mechanical strength of bulk alkali‐silicate glasses is enhanced by hydration with some evidence that mixing of alkali ions tends to degrade the strength of the hydrated glasses. These results are discussed in the context of experimental observations and a few existing simulations using classical molecular dynamics.
ChemInform Abstract: Structure and Reactivity of 2‐Hydroxyiminobenzyl‐2‐oxo‐4,4,5,5‐tetramethyl(1,3,2)dioxaphospholanes. (1989)

Abstract The benzoylphospholane (I) reacts with hydroxylamine (II) to produce the E‐oxime (III) and benzonitrile (VI).
Asymptotics for Risk Measures of Extreme Risks (2013)

This thesis focuses on measuring extreme risks in insurance business. We mainly use extreme value theory to develop asymptotics for risk measures. We also study the characterization of upper comonotonicity for multiple extreme risks. Firstly, we conduct asymptotics for the Haezendonck–Goovaerts (HG) risk measure of extreme risks at high confidence levels, which serves as an alternative way to statistical simulations. We split the study of this problem into two steps. In the first step, we concentrate on the HG risk measure with a power Young function, which yields certain explicitness. Then we derive asymptotics for a risk variable with a distribution function that belongs to one of the three max-domains of attraction separately. We extend our asymptotic study to the HG risk measure with a general Young function in the second step. We study this problem using different approaches and overcome a lot of technical difficulties. The risk variable is assumed to follow a distribution function that belongs to the max-domain of attraction of the generalized extreme value distribution and we show a unified proof for all three max-domains of attraction. Secondly, we study the firstand second-order asymptotics for the tail distortion risk measure of extreme risks. Similarly as in the first part, we develop the first-order asymptotics for the tail distortion risk measure of a risk variable that follows a distribution function belonging to the max-domain of attraction of the generalized extreme value distribution. In order to improve the accuracy of the first-order
Molecular Orientation Control of Liquid Crystal Organic Semiconductor for High-Performance Organic Field-Effect Transistors (2021)

The control of molecular orientation and ordering of liquid crystal (LC) organic semiconductor (OSC) for high-performance and thermally stable organic thin-film transistors is investigated. A liquid crystalline molecule, 2-(4-dodecyl thiophenyl)[1]dibenzothiopheno[6,5-<i>b</i>:6',5'-<i>f</i>]-thieno[3,2-<i>b</i>]thiophene (C12-Th-DBTTT) is synthesized, showing the highly ordered smectic X (SmX) phase, demonstrating molecular reorganization via thermal annealing. The resulting thermally evaporated polycrystalline film and solution-sheared thin film show high charge carrier mobilities of 9.08 and 27.34 cm<sup>2</sup> V<sup>-1</sup> s<sup>-1</sup>, respectively. Atomic force microscopy and grazing-incidence X-ray diffraction analyses prove that the random SmA<sub>1</sub>-like structure (smectic monolayer) is reorganized to the highly ordered SmA<sub>2</sub>-like structure (smectic bilayer) of C12-Ph-DBTTT at the crystal-SmX transition temperature region. Because of the strong intermolecular interactions between rigid DBTTT cores, the thin film devices of C12-Th-DBTTT show excellent thermal stability up to 300 °C, indicating that LC characterization of conventional OSC materials can obtain high electrical performance as well as superior thermal durability.
BMA-kosteusanalysaattorin hyödynnettävyys biopolttoainejakeiden ja hakkeiden kosteusmäärityksissä (2013)

Tämän opinnäytetyön lähtökohtana oli Oy Metsä-Botnia Ab:n mielenkiinto uutta BMA-kosteusanalysaattoria kohtaan. Tarkoituksena oli arvioida BMA-kosteusanalysaattorin hyödynnettävyyttä ja luotettavuutta biopolttoainejakeiden ja hakkeiden kosteusprosentin määrityksessä. Analysoitavina biopolttoainejakeina käytettiin erikseen koivu- ja havukuorta sekä kuoren ja lietteen yhteisnäytettä. Analysaattorin hyödynnettävyyttä testattiin lisäksi turpeella. Sellutehtaalta puun kuorinnasta saatava kuori ja vedenpuhdistamolta tuleva liete myydään biopolttoainejakeena eteenpäin kuiva-aineen määrän mukaan, joten kosteusprosentin määritys on tärkein tekijä kaupassa. Koivu- ja havuhakkeen kosteusprosentin määritys on olennainen tekijä keiton neste-puusuhteen säädössä.&#13;\n&#13;\nBMA-kosteusanalysaattori hyödyntää mikro- ja radioaaltotekniikkaa. Analysaattorilla voidaan määrittää muutamassa sekunnissa periaatteessa kaikkien biomateriaalien kosteusprosentti tietyissä kosteusrajoissa. Analysaattorin mittauskammio muodostaa onteloresonaattorin, jonka muuttuvataajuuksinen sähkökenttä antaa eri taajuuksia vedelle ja orgaaniselle materiaalille. Muuttuvista taajuuksista ja muutamasta muusta muuttujasta analysaattori määrittää kosteusprosentin. BMA-kosteusanalysaattori toimii yhdessä PC-käyttöliittymän kanssa. Referenssimenetelmänä BMA-menetelmälle käytettiin standardien mukaista uunikuivausmenetelmää.&#13;\n&#13;\nSeurantatulokset osoittavat, että BMA-kosteusanalysaattoria voidaan hyödyntää parhaiten hakkeille. Kuorille ja turpeelle tulokset olivat vähän heikommat. Kuoren ja lietteen yhteisnäytteelle analysaattori ei antanut luotettavia tuloksia. Toistettavuusmittauksissa BMA-menetelmä osoittautui menetelmänä yhtä luotettavaksi referenssimenetelmän kanssa hakkeille ja turpeelle. Kuorille menetelmä oli luotettavuuden rajoilla. Yhteisnäytteille menetelmä ei ollut soveltuva.&#13;\n&#13;\nHyödynnettävyyden kannalta tulokset eivät olleet vielä kohdillaan, koska analysaattorin kalibrointisuorat vaativat viritystä kaikille näytetyypeille. Virityksen tarve johtui suurimmaksi osaksi näytetyyppien epähomogeenisuudesta ja valituista kalibrointipisteistä. Laboratorioanalysaattorina menetelmää voidaan käyttää hakkeille päivittäisiin mittauksiin, mutta kuorille ja turpeelle korkeintaan kuukausittaisten keskiarvojen mittaamiseen. Tulevaisuudessa menetelmä antaa parhaan hyödynnettävyyden on-lineanalysaattorilla sekä keittoon menevälle hakkeelle että biopolttoainejaekaupassa kuorille.
Valorization of Olive Processing By-Products : Characterization, Investigation of Chemico-Biological Activities and Identification of Active Compounds (2012)

The valorization of food processing by-products, wastes and effluents is a challenging opportunity for the sustainable and competitive development of several relevant industrial sectors. One of the best examples of a biorefinery applied to plant processing wastes is that of the olive oil sector by-products including leaves and olive mill wastewaters (OMW). Management of OMW, in particular, has received much attention over recent years including all possible strategies, i.e. treatment, disposal, recovery and reuse. Besides being a serious environmental problem, OMW can also represent a precious resource of potentially valuable molecules. This later approach appears to be the new frontier in olive processing by-products valorization. The present paper will review the scientific works done in our laboratory concerning the valorization of olive processing by-products mainly OMW and olive leaves through the recovery of valuable molecules. Analytical chemical techniques such as solvent extractions and characterization of extracts in respect with their phenolic content were performed. Different methods were also used to investigate the activities of different extracts and fractions. Therefore, the antioxidant assays using DPPH (1,1'-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl), beta-carotene, ABTS (2,2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid)) and bioassays including anti-tumoral activity, and in vivo activities in animal models were carried out. Besides, analytical chromatography and spectroscopic techniques were used by our group either for a deep characterization of active fractions or for the identification of new