gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Ultrafast dark-field surface inspection with hybrid-dispersion laser scanning (2014)

High-speed surface inspection plays an important role in industrial manufacturing, safety monitoring, and quality control. It is desirable to go beyond the speed limitation of current technologies for reducing manufacturing costs and opening a new window onto a class of applications that require high-throughput sensing. Here, we report a high-speed dark-field surface inspector for detection of micrometer-sized surface defects that can travel at a record high speed as high as a few kilometers per second. This method is based on a modified time-stretch microscope that illuminates temporally and spatially dispersed laser pulses on the surface of a fast-moving object and detects scattered light from defects on the surface with a sensitive photodetector in a dark-field configuration. The inspector's ability to perform ultrafast dark-field surface inspection enables real-time identification of difficult-to-detect features on weakly reflecting surfaces and hence renders the method much more practical than in the previously demonstrated bright-field configuration. Consequently, our inspector provides nearly 1000 times higher scanning speed than conventional inspectors. To show our method's broad utility, we demonstrate real-time inspection of the surface of various objects (a non-reflective black film, transparent flexible film, and reflective hard disk) for detection of 10 μm or smaller defects on a moving target at 20 m/s within a scan width of 25 mm at a scan rate of 90.9 MHz. Our method holds promise for improving the cost and performance of organic light-emitting diode displays for next-generation smart phones, lithium-ion batteries for green electronics, and high-efficiency solar cells.
The Serotonin Transporter Genotype and Social Support and Moderation of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and Depression in Hurricane-Exposed Adults (2007)

The low-expression variant of the 5-HTTLPR polymorphism modifies risk of postdisaster PTSD and major depression under conditions of high hurricane exposure and low social support, confirming and extending previous research.
Recent Developments on Shape Memory Applications (1997)

In this paper some recently developed applications, using all kinds of possibilities that are offered by shape memory effects, will be presented. The overview is meant to show the wide range of application fields, where a series of special properties of memory metals bring huge advantages and open new ways to develop products that normally could not be made with conventional, "non-living" materials.
MicroRNAs in Myocardial Infarction (2013)

The complexity of posttranscriptional regulation by noncoding microRNAs (miRNAs, miRs) is still not completely understood. A large fraction of the genome is under the control of miRs via (partial) complementary base pairing within the corresponding mRNA region. Myocardial infarction is characterized by strongly altered gene expression, deregulation of underlying signaling pathways, and crucial participation of several miRs in this context. Mechanistically, miR induction or repression after myocardial infarction triggers downstream events in a cell-type-specific manner, and interference with endogenous miR expression might regulate overall cardiac function. In this brief review, we (1) summarize the current knowledge about the importance of several miRs after myocardial infarction, (2) report about novel miR-based therapeutic approaches to counteract maladaptive remodeling upon cardiac ischemia, and (3) discuss briefly the use of miRs as biomarkers for cardiac ischemia.
Predicting Drug–Target Interaction Using a Novel Graph Neural Network with 3D Structure-Embedded Graph Representation (2019)

We propose a novel deep learning approach for predicting drug-target interaction using a graph neural network. We introduce a distance-aware graph attention algorithm to differentiate various types of intermolecular interactions. Furthermore, we extract the graph feature of intermolecular interactions directly from the 3D structural information on the protein-ligand binding pose. Thus, the model can learn key features for accurate predictions of drug-target interaction rather than just memorize certain patterns of ligand molecules. As a result, our model shows better performance than docking and other deep learning methods for both virtual screening (AUROC of 0.968 for the DUD-E test set) and pose prediction (AUROC of 0.935 for the PDBbind test set). In addition, it can reproduce the natural population distribution of active molecules and inactive molecules.
Finite element analysis of multilevel acoustic Fresnel lenses (1996)

Fresnel lenses have recently emerged as viable alternatives to conventional spherical lenses for focusing ultrasonic waves in acoustic microscopy systems. Although these lenses are relatively straightforward to manufacture, their bulk represents a major handicap. A remedy to this problem is to use multilevel acoustic Fresnel lenses. Multilevel lenses are surface relief structures that can be fabricated very precisely using existing VLSI semiconductor technology. However, accurate tools for designing lenses to achieve the desired efficiency and power specifications are not available. This paper presents a finite element study of multilevel acoustic Fresnel lenses. Results showing ultrasonic wave propagation through such surface relief structures together with the resulting diffraction profiles are presented. The high efficiency and focusing power of these lenses are also demonstrated. Simulation results together with a discussion on various multilevel lens design issues are presented. These results confirm the advantages of such lenses, and suggest that the finite element model can serve as a valuable tool for designing, simulating, and studying lens profiles prior to their fabrication.
PRECLINICAL INVESTIGATION OF INTERNAL LIMITING MEMBRANE STAINING AND PEELING USING INTRAVITREAL BRILLIANT BLUE G (2006)

In Brief Purpose: To investigate the effects of intravitreal brilliant blue G (BBG) on the morphology and functions of the retina and its possible use for staining and peeling of the internal limiting membrane (ILM). Methods: Rat eyes (n = 78) underwent gas compression vitrectomy. BBG solution was then injected into the vitreous cavity. The eyes were enucleated at 2 weeks and 2 months. Light as well as electron microscopy, terminal nick-end labeling staining, and electroretinography (ERG) were used to investigate retinal damage and function. To test the clinical potential of BBG, ILM staining was evaluated in primate eyes after pars plana vitrectomy followed by ILM peeling. Results: In the rat eyes, no pathologic changes were observed with light microscopy. Electron microscopy revealed that high doses of BBG induced vacuolization in the inner retinal cells, but apoptosis was not detected. There was no reduction in the amplitude of the ERG waves. In the primate eyes, the ILM was clearly visualized after the intravitreous injection of BBG and was peeled off easily from the retina. Conclusions: These results demonstrate that BBG, which has low potential for toxicity, high staining ability, and ease of handling, is a good candidate dye for ILM peeling. Brilliant blue G, which has low potential for toxicity, high staining ability, and ease of handling, is a good candidate dye for internal limiting membrane peeling.
Sunscreening agents: a review. (2013)

The increasing incidence of skin cancers and photodamaging effects caused by ultraviolet radiation has increased the use of sunscreening agents, which have shown beneficial effects in reducing the symptoms and reoccurrence of these problems. Many sunscreen compounds are in use, but their safety and efficacy are still in question. Efficacy is measured through indices, such as sun protection factor, persistent pigment darkening protection factor, and COLIPA guidelines. The United States Food and Drug Administration and European Union have incorporated changes in their guidelines to help consumers select products based on their sun protection factor and protection against ultraviolet radiation, whereas the Indian regulatory agency has not yet issued any special guidance on sunscreening agents, as they are classified under cosmetics. In this article, the authors discuss the pharmacological actions of sunscreening agents as well as the available formulations, their benefits, possible health hazards, safety, challenges, and proper application technique. New technologies and scope for the development of sunscreening agents are also discussed as well as the role of the physician in patient education about the use of these agents.
Study on Intrinsic Loss of Unipola Power Device due to Main Junction Capacitance (2006)

The converters with high power output density has been envisioned for next generation. The key to realize that is operation at very high switching speed and utilization of ultra low loss of power semiconductor devices in wide bandgap semiconductor e.g. Silicon Carbide and superjuction. The power loss by main junction capacitance, Coss intrinsically structured inside the device has been reported but the quantitative study is not adequate. In this study, for 3kW converters, the loss by Coss is theoretically and experimentally proved using heat measurement with resistive and inductive load chopper circuit with 500V Si-MOSFET and 600V Silicon Carbide Schottky barrier diode. Moreover since large loss remained other than already known loss factors has been quantitatively revealed, and it is suggested that this remained loss will be a next target for further reduction of switching loss.
A Quantum Algorithm for the Hamiltonian NAND Tree (2007)

We give a quantum algorithm for the binary NAND tree problem in the Hamiltonian oracle model. The algorithm uses a continuous time quantum walk with a run time proportional to sqrt N. We also show a lower bound of sqrt N for the NAND tree problem in the Hamiltonian oracle model.
Shape Generation using Spatially Partitioned Point Clouds (2017)

We propose a method to generate 3D shapes using point clouds. Given a point-cloud representation of a 3D shape, our method builds a kd-tree to spatially partition the points. This orders them consistently across all shapes, resulting in reasonably good correspondences across all shapes. We then use PCA analysis to derive a linear shape basis across the spatially partitioned points, and optimize the point ordering by iteratively minimizing the PCA reconstruction error. Even with the spatial sorting, the point clouds are inherently noisy and the resulting distribution over the shape coefficients can be highly multi-modal. We propose to use the expressive power of neural networks to learn a distribution over the shape coefficients in a generative-adversarial framework. Compared to 3D shape generative models trained on voxel-representations, our point-based method is considerably more light-weight and scalable, with little loss of quality. It also outperforms simpler linear factor models such as Probabilistic PCA, both qualitatively and quantitatively, on a number of categories from the ShapeNet dataset. Furthermore, our method can easily incorporate other point attributes such as normal and color information, an additional advantage over voxel-based representations.
Adaptable image quality assessment using meta-reinforcement learning of task amenability (2021)

The performance of many medical image analysis tasks are strongly associated with image data quality. When developing modern deep learning algorithms, rather than relying on subjective (human-based) image quality assessment (IQA), task amenability potentially provides an objective measure of task-specific image quality. To predict task amenability, an IQA agent is trained using reinforcement learning (RL) with a simultaneously optimised task predictor, such as a classification or segmentation neural network. In this work, we develop transfer learning or adaptation strategies to increase the adaptability of both the IQA agent and the task predictor so that they are less dependent on high-quality, expert-labelled training data. The proposed transfer learning strategy re-formulates the original RL problem for task amenability in a meta-reinforcement learning (meta-RL) framework. The resulting algorithm facilitates efficient adaptation of the agent to different definitions of image quality, each with its own Markov decision process environment including different images, labels and an adaptable task predictor. Our work demonstrates that the IQA agents pre-trained on non-expert task labels can be adapted to predict task amenability as defined by expert task labels, using only a small set of expert labels. Using 6644 clinical ultrasound images from 249 prostate cancer patients, our results for image classification and segmentation tasks show that the proposed IQA method can be adapted using data with as few as respective 19.7% and 29.6% expert-reviewed consensus labels and still achieve comparable IQA and task performance, which would otherwise require a training dataset with 100% expert labels.
Synthesis of the Two Isomeric Benzo Derivatives of 1‐Hydroxy‐7‐azabenzotriazole and Preliminary Studies of Their Effectiveness as Coupling Reagents (2003)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Effect of solvation on the thermodynamics of the formation of molecular complexes of 18-crown-6 ether with glycine in water-dimethylsulfoxide solutions (2011)

Complexation of the 18-crown-6 ether (18C6) with glycine (Gly) in mixed H2O-DMSO solvents with the composition of 0.1, 0.2, and 0.25 mole fraction of DMSO (T = 298.15 K) was studied calorimetrically. Thermodynamic characteristics of the reaction of the formation of the molecular Gly18C6 complex (Δr G°, Δr H°, TΔr S°) were calculated from the calorimetric data. It was established that the change in the stability of the Gly18C6 complex is mainly determined by the predominance of the enthalpy component of the Gibbs energy over the entropy component. It was shown during the analysis of the enthalpy contributions of the reagents to the enthalpy of the reaction of the formation of Gly18C6 that the change in the enthalpy of the reaction upon a change the solvent composition was due to changes in the solvation state of 18C6.
FinCACTI: Architectural Analysis and Modeling of Caches with Deeply-Scaled FinFET Devices (2014)

This paper presents FinCACTI, a cache modeling tool based on CACTI which also supports deeply-scaled FinFET devices as well as more robust SRAM cells. In particular, FinFET devices optimized using advanced device simulators for 7nm process serve as the case study of the paper. Based on this 7nm FinFET process, characteristics of 6T and 8T SRAMs are calculated, and comparison results show that under the same stability requirements the 8T cell has smaller area and leakage power. SRAM and technological parameters of the 7nm FinFET are then incorporated into FinCACTI. According to architecture-level simulations, the 8T SRAM is suggested as the choice of memory cell for 7nm FinFET. Moreover, a 4MB cache in 7nm FinFET compared with 22nm (32nm) CMOS under same access latencies achieves 5x (9x) and 11x (24x) reduction in read energy and area, respectively.
The analysis and compensation of dead-time effects in PWM inverters (1991)

The quantitative prediction of the dead-time effect in pulse width modulated (PWM) inverters is addressed. Through analysis and simulation it is shown that the effect results in a decrease of the fundamental component and an increase in the low-order harmonics in the output voltage of the inverter. To compensate the effect, two simple methods, which are adequate for sinusoidal PWM and memory-based PWM, respectively, are presented. Experimental results show the validity of the analysis and the usefulness of the compensation methods.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
First case of chancroid in 14 years at the largest STI clinic in Paris, France (2015)

We report the first case of chancroid seen at our clinic in 14 years. It was diagnosed by nuclear acid amplification test in a male patient returning from Madagascar. Although the disease is considered on the verge of disappearance even in tropical countries, its real potential for reemergence - due to new strains of Haemophilus ducreyi, underreporting and a lack of widespread use of molecular testing - could be underestimated.
Investigation of topology candidates for 48 V VRM (2003)

In future applications, it will be impractical for voltage regulator modules (VRMs) to draw power from the 12 V output of the silver box because the voltage bus will be too low to deliver more power. Therefore, distributed power systems (DPSs) with buses of 48 V will be more feasible solutions for future high-end PCs. This paper focuses primarily on the investigation and comparison of 48 V VRM candidates. Six 48 V VRM prototypes are built and compared: the active clamp forward, asymmetrical half bridge, symmetrical half bridge, push-pull, push-pull forward and integrated-filter push-pull forward topologies.
Amplification and overexpression of CMET is a common event in brain metastases of non‐small cell lung cancer (2014)

CMET overexpression and CMET amplification are commonly found in NSCLC BM and may represent a promising therapeutic target.
Thick silicon strip detector Compton imager (2004)

We present results obtained with double-sided, thick (2 mm) silicon strip detectors used as a Compton imager. Reconstructed images and spectra from /sup 137/Cs and /sup 60/Co gamma-ray sources have been produced at room temperature using the multiple Compton technique. Multiple Compton interactions allow the energy and Compton scattering angle to be reconstructed without having to absorb the energy of the incident gamma ray completely. This extends our work on multiple Compton imagers using germanium strip detectors to silicon detectors that operate at higher temperatures. The energy resolution of the detectors for 60 keV gamma rays is 3-4 keV at room temperature and 2.1 keV at -20/spl deg/C. Simulations of the imager have been performed in GEANT4, including Doppler broadening and accidental coincidences, and show agreement with the measured data. Reconstructing the energy spectrum for 662 keV gamma rays that did not deposit their full energy in the instrument shows a peak at 662 keV with a full-width at half-maximum (FWHM) of 27.6 keV. The reconstructed image of the source shows an angular resolution of 3.3/spl deg/ FWHM.
Allergy to oxidized limonene and linalool is frequent in the U.K. (2014)

This large, multicentre U.K. audit shows a significant rate of allergy to the hydroperoxides of limonene and linalool plus a high rate of irritant reactions. Testing to the oxidized forms alone captures the majority (97·0%; 411 of 422) of positive reactions; testing to nonoxidized terpenes appears to be less useful. We recommend that the hydroperoxides of limonene and linalool be added to an extended baseline patch test series.
An Access Control Framework for WS-BPEL Processes (2012)

Business processes –the next generation workflows- have attracted considerable research interest in the last fifteen years. More recently, several XML-based languages have been proposed for specifying and orchestrating business processes, resulting in the WS-BPEL language. Even if WS-BPEL has been developed to specify automated business processes that orchestrate activities of multiple Web services, there are many applications and situations requiring that people be considered as additional participants that can influence the execution of a process. Significant omissions from WS-BPEL are the specification of activities that require interactions with humans to be completed, called human activities, and the specification of authorization information associating users with human activities in a WS-BPEL business process and authorization constraints, such as separation of duty, on the execution of human activities. In this chapter, we address these deficiencies by introducing a new type of WS-BPEL activity to model human activities and by developing RBAC-WS-BPEL, a role based access control model for WS-BPEL and BPCL, a language to specify authorization constraints.
Electron shock-surfing acceleration in the presence of magnetic field (2018)

The effect of perpendicular (to the direction of shock propagation) magnetic fields on electron shock-surfing acceleration (ESSA) is investigated. Two-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations show that the strength of background magnetic fields can significantly affect the shock formation process and the electrostatic field structure near the leading edge of the shock. It is found that ESSA is most efficient when the ratio of electron cyclotron frequency to plasma frequency is about 0.1. In this case, there are two types of electrostatic field structures near the shock edge, namely, small-scale filamentary and large-scale dipole electric fields, induced by the Buneman instability and fluid compression, respectively. In such a mixed field structure, the affected electrons can undergo multiple accelerations and gain much higher energies than that under weaker or stronger background magnetic fields.
High-frequency reactive diode sputtering of magnetite films on the sapphire surface (2014)

The conditions (oxygen partial pressure and growth rate) for the deposition of magnetite (iron oxide) Fe3O4 on the r plane of the single-crystalline sapphire using the high-frequency reactive diode sputtering of the Fe target are determined. The resulting ferromagnetic layers exhibit polycrystalline structure with a typical block size of 100–200 nm. The X-ray analysis is used to demonstrate that the textured phase of magnetite that is normally oriented with respect to the substrate dominates in the blocks and Fe and Fe2O3 impurities are almost absent.
A practical approach to forging optimization (2000)

The design of gas turbine disk forgings is a complicated and highly iterative process. There are many design constraints including bounds on strain, temperature, strain rate, press tonnage, dwell time, sonic coverage, fillet radius, draft angles, and die-fill. The analysis involves thermal-mechanical coupling, nonlinear material behavior, friction modeling, very large deformation, time-dependency, and multiple operations. Furthermore, the die-designers in today's cost-competitive environment have to produce a design as near-net-shape as possible, i.e., a design that requires the least amount of forging material and yet simultaneously meets all of the design specifications. It is a challenge for a manual design process to generate a good forging design, let alone an optimal one. By automating the design and analysis tools involved and also incorporating optimization techniques, it is possible to significantly reduce the lead time and engineering cost as well as to achieve a design that is not just acceptable but optimal with respect to user-defined criteria such as weight, cost, and performance.
Outdoor clinical testing with reference sunscreens to determine differences in skin response between populations of different ethnicity: A combined data analysis from 128 subjects (2023)

Differences in skin response to sun influenced by ethnicity should be taken into account when making recommendations on sun safety.