gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The 2000 BBN Byblos LVCSR system (2000)

This paper describes the 2000 BBN Byblos Large Vocabulary Continuous Speech Recognition (LVCSR) system. We briefly outline the training and decoding procedures used in the system, and explain in detail the new features we have added to the system in the past year. These new features include multiple adaptation stages, parallel path rescoring, and a new word confidence system. Word error rate results for all of these additions are presented for Hub-5 English test sets containing both Switchboard II and CallHome speakers. 1. Introduction The 2000 BBN Byblos LVCSR system aims for state of the art performance on decoding spontaneous, conversational telephone speech. In particular, it is explicitly designed to achieve low word error rate (WER) on the NIST sponsored Hub-5 evaluations, the test sets of which consist of equal parts of Switchboard II and CallHome conversations [1]. In the March 2000 Hub-5 evaluation, Byblos achieved a WER of 29.1%. This paper has two parts. First, we describ...
Dislocation Etch Pits on the Basal Plane of Zinc Crystals (1961)

An etch pit technique has been developed that reveals the sites of dislocations which intersect the basal plane surface of zinc crystals. Pits can be formed by either Cl2, HCl, Br2, HBr, or HI dissolved in an appropriate organic solvent. Etchants made with Cl2 or HCl produce hexagonal pyramidal pits whose edges are parallel to 〈101̄0〉 directions; but Br2, BHr, or HI etchants produce hexagonal pits whose edges are parallel to 〈112̄0〉 directions. The technique is useful for observing glide which occurs on nonbasal planes. The dislocation etch pits are seen to form a ``polygonization'' pattern in a crystal that was annealed after deformation. A discussion is presented on the mechanism of etch pit formation and the factors which might determine the shape of the pits.
Calicivirus Pathogenic for Swine: a New Serotype Isolated from Opaleye Girella nigricans , an Ocean Fish (1980)

A new calicivirus, designated San Miguel sea lion virus type 7 (SMSV-7), was isolated from fish and produced a disease condition identical to vesicular exanthema in experimentally infected swine. Serotype SMSV-7 was also isolated from four elephant seals and one sea lion trematode, whereas a second calicivirus serotype isolated from fish proved to be SMSV-6.
Simple formula to predict response to peginterferon alpha2b and ribavirin combination therapy in genotype 1 chronic hepatitis C patients with high viral loads (2011)

This simple formula can be used to roughly determine, at the patients' first/second visit, the probability of response to Peg-IFN alpha2b and RBV combination therapy for genotype 1 CH-C with high viral load.
Challenges in the development of a survivin vaccine (SurVaxM) for malignant glioma (2014)

There is growing interest in immunotherapy for malignant gliomas. This interest stems from a number of immunological observations, together with the failure of conventional therapeutic agents to produce broad and clinically meaningful improvements in survival and quality of life. The challenges faced in translating laboratory-based immunological observations to Phase I and II clinical trials for immunotherapy of gliomas are substantial. Nevertheless, as our understanding of the effects of active specific vaccination in glioma patients grows, results support optimism that such methods may eventually prove useful as an adjunctive treatment for these cancers. This paper highlights a number of barriers encountered in the translational development of a survivin-targeted peptide vaccine (SurVaxM) for patients with malignant gliomas.
Effect of hydrogen and deuterium on the microstructure of amorphous Si solar cell material (2003)

We investigate hydrogenated and deuterated amorphous Si (a-Si:H and a-Si:D) solar cell material, prepared under conditions of high hydrogen and deuterium dilution, respectively. Using cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy, we provide direct observation of the microstructure of these materials. We observe that the high hydrogen dilution results in homogeneous a-Si:H material with no evidence of microvoids. In contrast, the replacement of hydrogen with deuterium produces a heterogeneous mixture of amorphous and microcrystalline material. The amorphous phase contains significant numbers of microvoids or low-density deuterium-rich domains. The observed heterogeneity is related to the effect of the substitution of hydrogen with deuterium on the microstructure of the Si film.
Characteristics of long-term and short-term survivors of metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) treated with targeted therapy: Results from the International mRCC Database Consortium. (2012)

4538 Background: Patients with mRCC have variable courses in terms of survival and response to targeted therapy. The patients at the two extremes of the survival spectrum need to be characterized. Methods: 2,161 patients with mRCC treated with targeted therapy were examined. 152 patients who survived 4 years or more after the initiation of targeted therapy (long-term) were compared with 218 patients who survived 6 months or less (short-term) over the same time period (2004-2007). Results: Long-term survivors had fewer poor prognostic factors (PFs) such as Karnofsky performance status (KPS) &lt;80%, diagnosis to treatment interval&lt;1 yr, hypercalcemia, anemia, thrombocytosis and neutrophilia (all p&lt;0.0001). Patients with favorable prognosis who responded to targeted therapy were more likely to be long term survivors. For those in the intermediate risk group, patients who were long-term survivors were more likely to have only 1 poor prognostic factor (73% vs. 28%, p&lt;0.0001) and KPS≥80% (88% vs. 69%, p=0.009) compared to those in the short term survivor group. On multivariable analysis adjusting for PFs, response to targeted therapy (PR or better) significantly predicted long term survivor status (odds ratio=6.3, 95% CI: 2.3,17.4, p=0.0004). Conclusions: Long term survivors had a higher response rate to targeted therapy, a longer treatment duration and more use of second-line targeted therapy. Baseline prognostic criteria may be able to discriminate between long- and short- term survivors. [Table: see text]
Regent’s Canal Near Camden (2020)

A favorite spot to escape for relaxation and exercise is Regent's Canal in London. It is a short walk from the Crick Institute, near St. Pancras Station
Pixel level packaging for uncooled IRFPA (2011)

As packaging represents a significant part of uncooled IR detectors price, a collective packaging process would contribute to enlarge uncooled IRFPA application to very low cost camera market. Since the first proof of the pixel level packaging for uncooled IRFPA in 2008, CEA-LETI is still strongly involved in the development of an innovative packaging technology. This one aims at encapsulating each pixel under vacuum in the direct continuity of the bolometer process. Moreover, a thin film getter has been developed to be integrated in the micropackaging so as to increase the packaging lifespan. This paper presents the recent development at CEA-LETI of this pixel level packaging technology including getter integration and vacuum level measurements.
Design of a University Nano-Satellite: the PiCPoT Case (2011)

Satellites are not necessarily something huge and expensive. Small satellites have been designed (or are being designed) by several universities. These satellites must fit within tight cost constraints, for the launch and the actual satellite hardware. Success in developing these satellites, and the related technologies and methods, would enable an easier access to space, especially for small and medium enterprises (SMEs), leading to new markets and applications. We present the architecture of a small university satellite that we developed. The main design criteria were low costs and fault tolerance. To meet the first one, we chose to use commercial off the shelf (COTS) components wherever possible. For the second one, we replicated all the satellite critical functions, using different technologies and solutions, while constantly monitoring the state of the system for failures. The focus is on overall organization, design partitioning, and details of the actual hardware. We show that the development of a low-cost satellite is feasible with a limited budget.
High Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy and Selected Area Diffraction Study of Doped Zinc Oxide Thin Film (2013)

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2013 in Indianapolis, Indiana, USA, August 4 – August 8, 2013.
Über organische Katalysatoren, LVIII. Chelatkatalysen, VIII (1959)

Abstract Schiffsche Basen des Äthylendiamins mit Imidazol‐aldehyd‐(4 bzw. 5) und Pyridin‐aldehyd‐(2) aktivieren Kobaltionen in ihrer Peroxydasewirkung. Eisenionen werden durch Chelatbildung mit 4.5‐Di‐[pyridyl‐(2)]‐imidazol katalatisch aktiviert.
Phase Diagram for the SiF 4 Join in the System SiO 2 ‐Al 2 O 3 ‐SiF4 (1996)

Alumina reacts with 1 atm of SiF 4 below 660°± 7°C to form A1F 3 and SiO 2 . At higher temperatures the product is a mixture of fluorotopaz and AIF 3 . Mixtures of fluorotopaz and AIF3 decompose in 1 atm of SiF 4 at 973°± 8°C and form tabular α‐alumina. The equilibrium vapor pressure of SiF 4 above mixtures of fluorotopaz and AlF 3 is log p (atm) = 9.198 – 11460/ T (K). Fluorotopaz itself decomposes at 1056°± 5°C in 1 atm of SiF 4 to give acicular mullite, 2Al 2 O 3 . 1.07SiO 2 . Alumina and mullite are stable in the presence of 1 atm of SiF 4 above 973° and 1056°C, respectively. The phase diagram of the system SiO 2 ‐Al 2 O 3 ‐SiF 4 shows only gas‐solid equilibria.
Continuous Droplet Removal upon Dropwise Condensation of Humid Air on a Hydrophobic Micropatterned Surface (2014)

Combination of two physical phenomena, capillary pressure gradient and wettability gradient, allows a simple two-step fabrication process that yields a reliable hydrophobic self-cleaning condenser surface. The surface is fabricated with specific microscopic topography and further treatment with a chemically inert low-surface-energy material. This process does not require growth of nanofeatures (nanotubes) or hydrophilic-hydrophobic patterning of the surface. Trapezoidal geometry of the microfeatures facilitates droplet transfer from the Wenzel to the Cassie state and reduces droplet critical diameter. The geometry of the micropatterns enhances local coalescence and directional movement for droplets with diameter much smaller than the radial length of the micropatterns. The hydrophobic self-cleaning micropatterned condenser surface prevents liquid film formation and promotes continuous dropwise condensation cycle. Upon dropwise condensation, droplets follow a designed wettability gradient created with micropatterns from the most hydrophobic to the least hydrophobic end of the surface. The surface has higher condensation efficiency, due to its directional self-cleaning property, than a plain hydrophobic surface. We explain the self-actuated droplet collection mechanism on the condenser surface and demonstrate experimentally the creation of an effective wettability gradient over a 6 mm radial distance. In spite of its fabrication simplicity, the fabricated surface demonstrates self-cleaning property, enhanced condensation performance, and reliability over time. Our work enables creation of a hydrophobic condenser surface with the directional self-cleaning property that can be used for collection of biological (chemical, environmental) aerosol samples or for condensation enhancement.
An improved U-shape neural network for soft exudate segmentation (2022)

Diabetic Retinopathy (DR) is a complication with a high blindness rate caused by diabetes. The diagnosis of DR requires examining the patient's fundus several times a year, which is a heavy burden for a patient and consumes a lot of medical resources. Since soft exudate is an early indicator for detecting the presence of DR, an automated and exact segmentation method for soft exudate is helpful for making a rapid diagnosis. Despite recent advances in medical image processing, the segmentation method of soft exudate is still unsatisfactory due to the limited amount of soft exudate data, imbalanced categories, varying scales and so on. In this work, an improved U-shape neural network (IUNet) was proposed according to the characteristic of soft exudate, which consisted of a contracting path and a symmetric expanding path. Both were composed of convolutional layers, multi-scale modules, and shortcut connections. In training process, a data enhancement strategy was used to generate more training data and a weighted cross-entropy loss function to suppress positive and negative sample imbalance. The proposed method had excellent performance on soft exudate task in Indian Diabetic Retinopathy Image Dataset (IDRiD). The area under precision-recall (AUPR) curve score was 0.711, which was superior to the state-of-the-art models.
Effects of aminobenzyl penicillin (AB-PC), methylchlorophenyl isoxazolyl penicillin (MCI-PC) and 6-Aminopenicillanic acid (6-APA) on the contractile response of guinea-pig urinary bladder. (1984)

The present study was undertaken to investigate the effects of aminobenzyl penicillin (AB-PC), methylchlorophenyl isoxazolyl penicillin (MCI-PC), and 6-aminopenicillanic acid (6-APA) on the contractile response of guinea-pig urinary bladder. AB-PC, MCI-PC, and 6-APA, respectively, diminished the intramural electrical stimulation-induced contractile response. AB-PC had almost no effect on the contractile response to exogenous acetylcholine, while MCI-PC remarkably reduced it. The reducing effect of MCI-PC was greater on the intramural electrical stimulation-induced contractile response than it is on the exogenous acetylcholine-induced contractile response. 6-APA slightly reduced the exogenous acetylcholine-induced contractile response. The reducing effect of 6-APA was a little weaker on the exogenous acetylcholine-induced contractile response than it is on the intramural electrical stimulation-induced contractile response. By the addition of AB-PC, the amplitude of spontaneous contractile response of the tissue was reduced gradually with light lowering of the tonus level of the tissue was almost prevented with a little lowering of the tonus level of the tissue. The effects of AB-PC and MCI-PC on the spontaneous contractile response of the tissue mentioned above were also observed in the presence of tetrodotoxin. On the other hand, by the addition of 6-APA, the reducing effect on the amplitude of spontaneous contractile response of the tissue and increasing effect on its frequency were recognized with remarkable raise of the tonus level of the tissue. These phenomena which were induced by 6-APA were also observed in the presence of tetrodotoxin. From these results, the conclusion comes as follows: 1) AB-PC may affect not only on the muscle but also on the intramural cholinergic nerves. 2) MCI-PC may affect on the muscle, but its effect on the intramural nerves is also not likely to be negligible at this time. 3) 6-APA may affect mainly on the muscle.
Stabilization of Na-ion battery anode materials by aluminum oxide coatings (2016)

In this thesis work, hard-carbon anodes with a coating of Al2O3 in sodium-ion batteries have been investigated and compared with uncoated hard-carbon anodes. The Al2O3 coating on carbon particles was synthesized by a sol-gel method. The coating was characterized by SEM, XRD and XPS analysis. Electrochemical cells with hard-carbon anodes were assembled. The different electrolytes used were NaPF6 in EC:DEC (50:50), NaPF6 in EC:DEC:FEC (45:45:10) and NaPF6 in PC. The electrochemical behavior and the capacity of the cells were then characterized by cyclic voltammetry and galvanostatic cycling. Results from the galvanostatic cycling showed that the battery with the electrolyte NaPF6 in EC:DEC:FEC had a lower reversible capacity compared to the NaPF6 in EC:DEC electrolyte. Cyclic voltammetry results for the Al2O3 coated battery with the NaPF6 in PC electrolyte indicated that the aluminum from the coating reacted with the electrolyte. NaPF6 in EC:DEC was thus considered to be the most suitable electrolyte for coated hard-carbon anodes. The discharge capacity for the coated electrode in the NaPF6 in EC:DEC electrolyte during the first 5 cycles is slightly higher than for the uncoated electrode, but the capacity fading is also higher.
1.3 μm CW GaInNAs VCSEL giving 4.1 mW single transverse mode power (2004)

In this paper, we have demonstrated fibre coupled-diode pumping operation of a six QW GaInNAs/GaAs VCSEL showing performance of up to 4.1 mW output coupled into a single-mode fibre at 10/spl deg/C at 1290.7 nm. Laser emission was observed up to a temperature of 95/spl deg/C, and the temperature shift is 0.1 nm/K. The VSCEL structure was grown by solid-source MBE using a nitrogen plasma.
Branch and track (2011)

We present a new paradigm for tracking objects in video in the presence of other similar objects. This branch-and-track paradigm is also useful in the absence of motion, for the discovery of repetitive patterns in images. The object of interest is the lead object and the distracters are extras. The lead tracker branches out trackers for extras when they are detected, and all trackers share a common set of features. Sometimes, extras are tracked because they are of interest in their own right. In other cases, and perhaps more importantly, tracking extras makes tracking the lead nimbler and more robust, both because shared features provide a richer object model, and because tracking extras accounts for sources of confusion explicitly. Sharing features also makes joint tracking less expensive, and coordinating tracking across lead and extras allows optimizing window positions jointly rather than separately, for better results. The joint tracking of both lead and extras can be solved optimally by dynamic programming and branching is quickly determined by efficient subwindow search. Matlab experiments show near real time performance at 5-30 frames per second on a single-core laptop for 240 by 320 images.
Equilibrium and Dynamic Processes at Interfaces by Second Harmonic and Sum Frequency Generation (1992)

Machine learning (ML) is transforming all areas of science. The complex and time-consuming calculations in molecular simulations are particularly suitable for an ML revolution and have already been profoundly affected by the application of existing ML ...Read More
Blind equalization of non-irreducible channels driven by MPSK signals (2006)

\n\t\t\t\t\tThis paper deals with the problem of blind equalization of finite-impulse-response (FIR) and multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) channels excited by M-ary phase shift keying (MPSK) signals. It is known that the algorithms based on the constant modulus (CM) criterion can equalize an FIR MIMO channel that is irreducible. The irreducible condition is restrictive since it requires that all source signals arrive at the receiving antennas simultaneously. In this paper, we show that the CM criterion can also be used to construct a zero-forcing equalizer for a channel that is non-irreducible. We also derive a lower bound for the order of the equalizer. The proposed result is validated by numerical simulations. &lt;br /&gt;\n\t\t\t\t
Capacity Value of Wind Power (2010)

Power systems are planned such that they have adequate generation capacity to meet the load, according to a defined reliability target. The increase in the penetration of wind generation in recent years has led to a number of challenges for the planning and operation of power systems. A key metric for generation system adequacy is the capacity value of generation. The capacity value of a generator is the contribution that a given generator makes to generation system adequacy. The variable and stochastic nature of wind sets it apart from conventional energy sources. As a result, the modeling of wind generation in the same manner as conventional generation for capacity value calculations is inappropriate. In this paper a preferred method for calculation of the capacity value of wind is described and a discussion of the pertinent issues surrounding it is given. Approximate methods for the calculation are also described with their limitations highlighted. The outcome of recent wind capacity value analyses in Europe and North America, along with some new analysis, are highlighted with a discussion of relevant issues also given.
Large dynamic range wavefront control of micromachined deformable membrane mirrors (2005)

Micromachined deformable membrane mirrors (MDMMs) are currently being integrated into or proposed for numerous space-based imaging applications, including systems that utilize phase diversity, foveated imaging, and active or adaptive optical zoom. In stark contrast to applications that require only a few waves of optical stroke, such as atmospheric turbulence correction, these applications often require that the mirrors operate over much larger dynamic ranges. In order to obtain near diffraction-limited performance, these mirrors must be capable of producing wavefronts with accurate figures to within a quarter-wave (P-V). Recent experimental results will be discussed, in which MDMMs produced focal lengths as low as 2.5m with near diffraction-limited performance.
138 Electrical Impedance Spectroscopy of a Pig Odorant Binding Protein immobilized onto gold interdigited microelectrodes: an ab-initio study (2009)

In this work, an ab-initio study of the electrical response to odorants of a self-assembled monolayer of a pig OBP immobilized onto a miniaturized Si-substrate equipped with gold interdigitated electrodes (IDE), was started. Electrical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) was used as electrical characterization technique and a dedicated experimental set-up was arranged in order to carry out EIS measurements in controlled environment. The EIS data was fitted by using a fitting software based on Levenberg-Marquardt (LEVM) algorithm to determine the equivalent circuit of the system. © 2009 American Institute of Physics.
2-(Diphenylphosphinoylmethyl)pyrrole–2-(diphenylphosphinomethyl)pyrrole (0.43/0.57) and tetrachlorido(5-diphenylphosphinomethyl-2H-pyrrole-κ2N,P)titanium(IV) (2010)

The title phosphine oxide-phosphine, 0.43C(17)H(16)NOP.0.57C(17)H(16)NP, (I)/(II), was obtained as a 0.861 (6):1.139 (6) cocrystallized mixture. Hydrogen bonding between the two constituents leads to the formation of 2:2 solid-state assemblies. Instead of forming the expected simple N,P-chelated system via loss of the N-bound H atom, reaction of 2-(diphenylphosphinomethyl)pyrrole, (II), with TiCl(4) leads to the formation of the title titanium(IV) complex, [TiCl(4)(C(17)H(16)NP)], (IV), containing a rearranged neutral ligand in which the N-bound H atom moves to one of the pyrrole C atoms, giving a partially unsaturated ring.