gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling cascade: from bench to bedside. (2002)

Over the past decade several related intracellular signaling pathways, collectively known as mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling cascades, have been elucidated [1±3]. These cascades play a key role in the transmission of extracellular signals to their intracellular targets and thus initiate cellular processes such as proliferation, differentiation, development, stress response, and apoptosis. Each of these signaling cascades consists of three to six tiers of protein kinases that sequentially activate each other by phosphorylation. Four distinct MAPK cascades are currently known and are named according to the subgroup of their MAPK components [Figure 1]: . The extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) cascade, which was the first MAPK cascade elucidated and is the subject of this review. . The Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) cascade, also known as stressactivated protein kinase 1 (SAPK1), is activated by various types of cellular stresses including the inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-1, osmolar stress and shear stress, but also by hormones and growth factors. . The p38MAPK cascade is another stress-activated MAPK cascade and is therefore known as SAPK2-4. . The Big MAPK (BMK also known as ERK5) cascade is the fourth MAPK cascade, so called due to the size of BMK, 110 kDa, compared to 40±45 kDa of the other MAPKs. The BMK is activated by oxidative stress and hyperosmolarity as well as by mitogens such as serum and growth factors. This review will focus on the ERK cascade and is composed of two parts. In the first part we describe the components of the ERK cascade, its activation and regulation [Figure 2]. In the second part we review the current knowledge on the involvement of the ERK cascade in various disease processes and its potential role as a target for the development of new medications.
Feature Interaction Detection in the Feature Language Extensions (2009)

One of the most difficult tasks in software development is that features are implemented by changing the code of other features. This problem cannot be solved with existing general purpose programming languages if the features interact and are executed in the same process [1]. A solution to the problem must include a method that can automatically identify where to make the changes, or in the context of interacting features, automatically detect their interaction conditions. The Feature Language Extensions (FLX) is a set of language constructs that enable the programmer to develop interacting features as separate and reusable program modules. This paper overviews the feature interaction detection method of FLX. It includes an algorithm that determines the satisfiability of quantifier free first order predicate formulas containing variables that are used in the actual software and, therefore, may have complex data structures and predicate methods. FLX provides language constructs for the programmer to specify reusable predicate combination functions so that the algorithm does not require iterations of trials and errors.
Responses of the Controlled Inverted Pendulum to Vertical Oscillations (2008)

This paper is an analysis of the investigations regarding the responses of the controlled inverted pendulum to vertical oscillations. First, the inverted pendulum is stabilized by the optimal controller. Next, with theoretical analysis and numerical simulations conjoined with experiments using the large scale vibration exciter, the effect of the vertical vibration on the stability of the inverted pendulum is examined. The results show that the system dynamics is governed by the Mathieu equation. This being so, the frequency response reaches its peak when the frequency of the forced vibration is twice as high as the natural frequency of the controlled inverted pendulum system.
Syntheses of Conjugated Polymers for Photonics (2010)

Abstract Summary: By the Suzuki coupling reaction of 9,9‐dioctyl‐2,7‐bis(1,3,2‐dioxaborinan‐2‐yl)fluorene ( I ) and 3,5‐di‐tert‐butylphenyl 2,5‐dibromobenzenesulfonate ( II ) the alternating poly{[9,9‐dioctylfluoren‐2,7‐diyl]‐ alt ‐[2‐(3,5‐di‐tert‐butyl‐phenoxysulfonyl)‐1,4‐phenylene]} ( III ) was synthesized. Alkaline hydrolysis of III gave a conjugated polyelectrolyte carrying sulfonic acid groups ( IV ). Monomers 2,5‐dibromo‐3‐[2‐(pyren‐1‐yl)vinyl]thiophene and 2,5‐dibromo‐3‐[2‐(quinolin‐4‐yl)vinyl)thiophene were prepared and copolymerized with I to afford poly{[9,9‐dioctylfluoren‐2,7‐diyl]‐ alt ‐[3‐(2‐(pyren‐1‐yl)vinyl)thiophen‐2,5‐diyl]} ( V ) and poly{[9,9‐dioctylfluoren‐2,7‐diyl]‐ alt ‐[3‐(2‐(quinolin‐4‐yl)‐vinyl)thiophen‐2,5‐diyl] ( VI ), respectively. Conjugated backbone of V contains the conjugated pyrene unit in the side chain. Similarly the side chain of VI contains the conjugated quinoline structure unit which can be for instance protonated. By the Suzuki polycondensation reaction of I and of the prepared methyl 3‐(2,7‐dibromocarbazole‐9‐yl)propionate ( VII ) the new poly{[9,9‐dioctylfluorene‐2,7‐diyl]‐ alt ‐[9‐(2‐methoxycarbonylethyl)carbazole‐2,7‐diyl]} ( VIII ) was synthesized and characterized.
Information Systems Today: Managing in the Digital World (2008)

Information Systems Today, 3e, speaks directly to WHY IS MATTERS today by focusing on what every business student needs to know about IS including its leading role in the globalization of business.
Camelina sativa, A Montana Omega-3 and Fuel Crop * (2007)

Camelina sativa (L.) Crantz, (Brassicaceae), commonly known as false flax, leindotter and gold of pleasure, is a fall or spring planted annual oilcrop species (Putman et al. 1993). This versatile crop has been cultivated in Europe since the Bronze Age. Camelina seed was found in the stomach of Tollund man, a 4th century bce mummy recovered from a peat bog in Denmark (Glob 1969). Anthropologists postulate that the man’s last meal had been a soup made from vegetables and seeds including barley, linseed, camelina, knotweed, bristle grass, and chamomile. The Romans used camelina oil as massage oil, lamp fuel, and cooking oil, as well as the meal for food or feed. Camelina, like many Brassicaceae, germinates and emerges in the early spring, well before most cereal grains. Early emergence has several advantages for dryland production including efficient utiliza-tion of spring moisture and competitiveness with common weeds. In response to the resurgent interest in oil crops for sustainable biofuel production, the Montana State Uni-versity (MSU) Agricultural Research Centers have conducted a multi-year, multi-specie oilseed trial. This trial included nine different oilseed crops (sunflower, safflower, soybean, rapeseed, mustard, flax, crambe, canola, and camelina). Camelina sativa emerged from this trial as a promising oilseed crop for production across Montana and the Northern Great Plains. Evaluation parameters included input costs, production costs, harvest costs, and yield. Camelina sativa was not always the highest yielding oilseed crop but it was the most economical crop to produce due to minimal input requirements. GREAT NORTHERN GROWER COOPERATIVE MSU worked with Montana Producers to establish a grower cooperative to produce, process, and distribute camelina. As a result of this collaboration camelina production in Montana rapidly escalated from 0 commercial
Charançons, silvains, capucins, triboliums... : ces insectes fréquentent les silos français (2013)

National audience
Combined workspace monitoring and collision avoidance for mobile manipulators (2015)

For safe human-robot interaction and co-existence, collision avoidance is a fundamental prerequisite. Therefore, in this contribution a Nonlinear Model Predictive Control approach for fixed-base and mobile manipulators is presented that allows for avoiding self-collisions and collisions with static and dynamic obstacles while performing tasks defined in the Cartesian space. The collision avoidance takes not only the end-effector but the complete robot consisting of both platform and manipulator into account and relies on a 3D obstacle representation obtained by fusing information from multiple depth sensors. The obstacle representation is applicable to all kinds of objects. It considers occlusions behind the obstacles and the robot to make a conservative assumption on the obstacle size. In order to achieve realtime reactions to obstacles, the obstacle information used in one control step is restricted to the most relevant obstacles determined by distance computation. The method is validated by means of simulation and by application to an omnidirectional mobile manipulator with 10 degrees of freedom.
Compact dualmode microwave electroporation and dielectrometry tool (2017)

In this paper, a novel tool is introduced for microwave assisted electroporation at 18 GHz, suitable for the integration in a lab-on-a-chip. In contrast to conventional electroporation, microwave electroporation has the advantage of lower field strengths, and can therefore, provide higher cell viability rates. Moreover, with this applicator it is possible to monitor the membrane poration process in situ optically, and by obtaining broadband dielectric spectroscopy at the same time. The concept of microwave assisted electroporation is proofed with SF9 insect cells. After an exposure of 25 minutes with an input power of 24 dBm at 18 GHz, successful uptake was detected due to microwave membrane poration. Thereby, the heating was kept below 30 °C, which results in a high viability.
An Incentive Mechanism Integrating Joint Power, Channel and Link Management for Social-Aware D2D Content Sharing and Proactive Caching (2017)

In this paper, a downlink cellular traffic offloading framework with social-aware device-to-device (D2D) content sharing and proactive caching is studied. In the considered system model, each user equipment (UE) is intelligent to determine which content(s) to request/cache and to share according to its own preference. As the central controller, the base station (BS) can establish cellular transmissions and/or incentivize D2D communications for content dissemination (including proactive caching). By taking into account wireless features, social characteristics, and device intelligence, we formulate a welfare maximization problem integrating power control, channel allocation, link scheduling, and reward design. To solve this complicated problem, we propose a novel mechanism which consists of a newly developed optimization approach, called basis transformation method, for the joint resource management, and a specially devised pricing scheme for the reward determination. Theoretical and simulation results examine the desired properties of our proposed mechanism, and demonstrate its superiority in improving social welfare, network capacity, and utility of the BS.
Vast potential for using the piggyBac transposon to engineer transgenic plants at specific genomic locations (2016)

The acceptance of bioengineered plants by some nations is hampered by a number of factors, including the random insertion of a transgene into the host genome. Emerging technologies, such as site-specific nucleases, are enabling plant scientists to promote recombination or mutations at specific plant loci. Off target activity of these nucleases may limit widespread use. Insertion of transgenes by transposases engineered with a specific DNA binding domain has been accomplished in a number of organisms, but not in plants. The piggyBac transposon system, originally isolated from an insect, has been utilized to transform a variety of organisms. The piggyBac transposase is amendable to structural modifications, and was able to insert a transgene at a specific human locus through fusion of a DNA binding domain to its N-terminus. Recent developments demonstrating the activity of piggyBac transposase in plants is an important first step toward the potential use of engineered versions of piggyBac transposase for site-specific transgene insertion in plants.
Conformation change of tRNAGlu in the complex with glutamyl-tRNA synthetase is required for the specific binding of L-glutamate (1986)

The binding of Thermus thermophilus glutamyl-tRNA synthetase (GluRS) with T. thermophilus tRNAGlu, Escherichia coli tRNAGlu, and amino acids was studied by fluorescence measurements. In the absence of tRNAGlu, GluRS binds with D-glutamate as well as L-glutamate. However, in the presence of E. coli tRNAGlu, GluRS binds specifically with L-glutamate. The KCl effects on the Michaelis constants (Km) for tRNAGlu, L-glutamate, and ATP were studied for the aminoacylation of the homologous tRNAGlu and heterologous tRNAGlu species. As the KCl concentration is raised from 0 to 100 mM, the Km value for L-glutamate in the heterologous system is remarkably increased whereas the Km value for L-glutamate in the homologous system is only slightly increased. The circular dichroism analyses were made mainly of the bands due to the 2-thiouridine derivatives of tRNAGlu in the complex. The conformation change of T. thermophilus tRNAGlu upon complex formation with GluRS is not affected by addition of KCl. In contrast, the heterologous tRNAGlu X GluRS complex is in an equilibrium of two forms that depends on KCl concentration. The predominant form at low KCl concentration is closely related to the small Km value for L-glutamate. In this form of the complex, the conformation of tRNAGlu is appreciably different from that of free molecule. Accordingly, such a conformation change of tRNAGlu in the complex with GluRS is required for the specific binding of L-glutamate as the substrate.
Degradation by Oxidation of Squalene. (1997)

流通型反応器を用いてスクアレンの酸化反応挙動を追跡した。反応初期から過酸化物の分解反応が起こる反応後期までの酸化生成物を紫外線吸収および化学発光検出器を付設した高速液体クロマトグラフィーおよびヨウ素滴定法によって測定した。反応初期の酸化挙動は回分反応器で求めた酸化速度挙動の結果と同様であった。酸化反応は, 速度の遅い誘導期と速度が誘導期の103倍以上の加速期の2段階で進行する。スクアレンは, 誘導期を過ぎると, 非常に早い速度で連鎖的に酸化され, 6種の過酸化物が生成することが分かった。6種の過酸化物が生成することが分かった。6種の過酸化物は高速液体クロマトグラフィーで分離後, 化学発光検出器にて検出した。過酸化物は, さらに分解および重合反応によって直ちに有機酸, ケトン, アルデヒドおよび四量体程度の重合体に変化することが分かった。
Phonophoresis and the absorption of dexamethasone in the presence of an occlusive dressing. (2008)

We found that a phonophoretic effect occurred with dexamethasone when its application saturated the skin.
1.5-μm-band wavelength conversion based on cascaded second-order nonlinearity in LiNbO3waveguides (1999)

We report wavelength conversion and spectral inversion using cascaded second-order nonlinearity in periodically poled LiNbO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> waveguides pumped at 1.5 μm. The converter has an internal conversion efficiency of -8 dB, a conversion bandwidth of 76 nm, and a constant conversion efficiency for the 50-dB range of signal powers tested.
Baseline Meningococcal Carriage in Burkina Faso before the Introduction of a Meningococcal Serogroup A Conjugate Vaccine (2011)

The serogroup A meningococcal conjugate vaccine MenAfriVac has the potential to confer herd immunity by reducing carriage prevalence of epidemic strains. To better understand this phenomenon, we initiated a meningococcal carriage study to determine the baseline carriage rate and serogroup distribution before vaccine introduction in the 1- to 29-year old population in Burkina Faso, the group chosen for the first introduction of the vaccine. A multiple cross-sectional carriage study was conducted in one urban and two rural districts in Burkina Faso in 2009. Every 3 months, oropharyngeal samples were collected from >5,000 randomly selected individuals within a 4-week period. Isolation and identification of the meningococci from 20,326 samples were performed by national laboratories in Burkina Faso. Confirmation and further strain characterization, including genogrouping, multilocus sequence typing, and porA-fetA sequencing, were performed in Norway. The overall carriage prevalence for meningococci was 3.98%; the highest prevalence was among the 15- to 19-year-olds for males and among the 10- to 14-year-olds for females. Serogroup Y dominated (2.28%), followed by serogroups X (0.44%), A (0.39%), and W135 (0.34%). Carriage prevalence was the highest in the rural districts and in the dry season, but serogroup distribution also varied by district. A total of 29 sequence types (STs) and 51 porA-fetA combinations were identified. The dominant clone was serogroup Y, ST-4375, P1.5-1,2-2/F5-8, belonging to the ST-23 complex (47%). All serogroup A isolates were ST-2859 of the ST-5 complex with P1.20,9/F3-1. This study forms a solid basis for evaluating the impact of MenAfriVac introduction on serogroup A carriage.
Insertional mutagenesis in yeasts using T‐DNA from Agrobacterium tumefaciens (2002)

Insertional mutagenesis is a powerful tool for the isolation of novel mutations. The gene delivery system of the bacterium Agrobacterium tumefaciens, which mediates transfer not only to plants but also to yeasts and fungi, could be exploited to generate collections of yeasts containing insertional mutations if there were no bias towards particular integration sites, as is the case in plants. To test this, we have analysed a small collection of Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains with T-DNA copies integrated in the S. cerevisiae genome. The position of 54 of these T-DNAs was determined. The T-DNA showed no clear preference for certain DNA sequences or genomic regions. We have isolated insertions in the coding regions of the genes YGR125w, YDR250c, YGR141w, YGR045c, YPL017c, YGR040w, YDL052c, YJL148w, YCL033c, YFL061w, YJR033c, YDR175c and YLR309c confirming that these genes are non-essential for S. cerevisiae haploid growth on minimal medium. Given the advantages of T-DNA, we propose its use as an ideal mobile DNA element for insertional mutagenesis in yeasts.
On the Filling in of the Visual Blind Spot: Some Rules of Thumb (1995)

In monocular viewing there is a region in the peripheral visual field that is blind owing to the absence of photoreceptors at the site where the optic nerve exits the eye. This region, like certain other blind spots, nonetheless appears filled in. Several novel demonstrations of filling in at the blind spot have recently been reported. Here the implications of many of these effects are critically reevaluated. Specifically, it is argued that many blind-spot phenomena taken to support early filling in (eg pop out and alteration in apparent motion) are actually consistent with the thesis that the visual blind spot is treated by early perceptual processing as a region of reduced or absent information. In support of this, it is shown that many perceptual effects observed in blindspot completion are similar in detail to the amodally perceived completion of partly occluded objects viewed somewhat peripherally. The goals were to point out striking similarities between blind-spot completion and the amodal completion of occluded parts of surfaces, and to provide a common theoretical framework for understanding these phenomena in the context of surface segregation and perceptual interpolation.
Activation of the β-Catenin/T-Cell–Specific Transcription Factor/Lymphoid Enhancer Factor-1 Pathway by Plasminogen Activators in ECV304 Carcinoma Cells (2005)

Abstract Besides its involvement in clot lysis, the plasminogen activator (PA) system elicits various cellular responses involved in cell migration, adhesion, and proliferation and plays a key role in the progression of cancers. β-Catenin interacts with E-cadherins and functions as transcriptional coactivator of the Wnt-signaling pathway, which is implicated in tumor formation when aberrantly activated. We report that tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA) elicited tyrosine phosphorylation and cytosolic accumulation of an active (non–serine-threonin phosphorylated, nonubiquitinated) form of β-catenin in ECV304 carcinoma cells. tPA-dependent β-catenin activation is mediated through epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) transactivation (via Src), suggested by the inhibitory effects of AG1478 and PP2 (specific inhibitors of EGFR and Src, respectively) and by the lack of β-catenin activation in EGFR-negative B82 fibroblasts. EGFR phosphorylation and β-catenin activation were inhibited by plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 and pertussis toxin, two inhibitors of the urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA)/uPA receptor system. β-Catenin activation was correlated with the phosphorylation of glycogen synthase kinase-3β through a phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt-dependent mechanism. Gel shift experiments revealed the activation of β-catenin/T-cell–specific transcription factor (Tcf)/lymphoid enhancer factor-1 (Lef) transcriptional complex, evidenced by an increased binding of nuclear extracts to oligonucleotides containing the cyclin D1 Lef/Tcf site. β-Catenin silencing through small interfering RNA and antisense oligonucleotides inhibited both the tPA-mediated cyclin D1 expression and cell proliferation. A similar activation of the β-catenin pathway was triggered by amino-terminal fragment, the NH2-terminal catalytically inactive fragment of tPA, thus suggesting that this effect was independent of the proteolytic activity of plasminogen activators. In conclusion, the β-catenin/Lef/Tcf pathway is activated by tPA and is involved in cell cycle progression and proliferation.
Emission Enhancement and Energy Transfers in YV0.5P0.5O4 Nanoparticles Codoped with Eu3+ and Bi3+ Ions (2022)

In this study, solid-state solutions of yttrium orthovanadate-phosphate with varying concentrations of codopants (Eu<sup>3+</sup>, Bi<sup>3+</sup>) have been obtained via coprecipitation. An ionic radii mismatch between V<sup>5+</sup> and P<sup>5+</sup> substituents is manifested in broad XRD lines. The sharpening of the XRD lines is observed with increasing bismuth ions concentration in the Eu<sup>3+</sup> codoped YV<sub>0.5</sub>P<sub>0.5</sub>O<sub>4</sub> matrix. The difference in the number of the Stark components for the <sup>5</sup>D<sub>0</sub> → <sup>7</sup>F<sub>J</sub> transitions indicates changes in the lattice and a number of possible Eu<sup>3+</sup> sites. A thorough, systematic spectroscopic analysis of YV<sub>0.5</sub>P<sub>0.5</sub>O<sub>4</sub>: <i>x</i> mol % Eu<sup>3+</sup>, <i>y</i> mol % Bi<sup>3+</sup> was conducted at room temperature and 5 K. Metal-to-metal energy transfers occurring between Eu<sup>3+</sup>, V<sup>5+</sup>, and Bi<sup>3+</sup> optically active ions have been investigated. Additionally, efficiency of the Bi<sup>3+</sup>-Eu<sup>3+</sup> energy transfer (ET) was calculated.
Is the Host Viral Response and the Immunogenicity of Vaccines Altered in Pregnancy? (2020)

The intricacy of the maternal immune system arises from its ability to prevent a maternal immune response against a semi-allogenic fetus, while protecting the mother against harmful pathogens. However, these immunological adaptations may also make pregnant women vulnerable to developing adverse complications from respiratory viral infections. While the influenza and SARS pandemics support this theory, there is less certainty regarding the clinical impact of SARS-CoV-2 in pregnancy. In the current COVID-19 pandemic, vaccine development is key to public preventative strategies. Whilst most viral vaccines are able to induce a seroprotective antibody response, in some high-risk individuals this may not correlate with clinical protection. Some studies have shown that factors such as age, gender, and chronic illnesses can reduce their effectiveness and in this review, we discuss how pregnancy may affect the efficacy and immunogenicity of vaccines. We present literature to support the hypothesis that pregnant women are more susceptible to respiratory viral infections and may not respond to vaccines as effectively. In particular, we focus on the clinical implications of important respiratory viral infections such as influenza during pregnancy, and the pregnancy induced alterations in important leukocytes such as TFH, cTFH and B cells, which play an important role in generating long-lasting and high-affinity antibodies. Finally, we review how this may affect the efficacy of vaccines against influenza in pregnancy and highlight areas that require further research.