gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Multi-Leveled Approach to Intrusion Detection and the Insider Threat (2013)

When considering Intrusion Detection and the Insider Threat, most researchers tend to focus on the network architecture rather than the database which is the primary target of data theft. It is understood that the network level is adequate for many intrusions where entry into the system is being sought however it is grossly inadequate when considering the database and the authorized insider. Recent writings suggest that there have been many attempts to address the insider threat phenomena in regards to database technologies by the utilization of detection methodologies, policy management systems and behavior analysis methods however, there appears to be a lacking in the development of adequate solutions that will achieve the level of detection that is required. While it is true that Authorization is the cornerstone to the security of the database implementation, authorization alone is not enough to prevent the authorized entity from initiating malicious activities in regards to the data stored within the database. Behavior of the authorized entity must also be considered along with current data access control policies. Each of the previously mentioned approaches to intrusion detection at the database level has been considered individually, however, there has been limited research in producing a multileveled approach to achieve a robust solution. The research presented outlines the development of a detection framework by introducing a process that is to be implemented in conjunction with information requests. By utilizing this approach, an effective and robust methodology has been achieved that can be used to determine the probability of an intrusion by the authorized entity, which ultimately address the insider threat phenomena at its most basic level.
Targeting the very important buyers VIB: A cluster analysis approach (2022)

The Pareto Principle, known as the 80/20 rule, predicts that most sales generate from a minority of buyers. Further, consumer theory stipulates certain shoppers have a preference to consume experience versus tangible goods. Some people value the consumption of experience due to lifestyle and innate factors. Following a cluster analysis approach, this paper collected survey data from 700 consumers (adults that belonged to a consumer panel) to examine these propositions. The results support the propositions and show that the e-market comprises three segments: VIB of Experience, VIB of Material, and Normals. The discriminatory analysis shows that the affluent shoppers of experience diverge from the other segments on psychological and lifestyle factors. In addition, social class helps pinpoint these shoppers. Whereas VIB of Experience primarily belong to the Upper Uppers and the Upper Middles, VIB of Material belong to the Lower Uppers and the generic Middle Class. The results are of value to practitioners that aim to target affluent shoppers of experience versus affluent shoppers of material goods. The results suggest that the affluent e-shoppers are not homogeneous according to their shopping preference and highlight the relevance of the Pareto Principle to segment and target the e-shoppers.
Applied field response of the spin glass state in amorphous NdFe2 (1985)

The magnetic correlations and the response of the spin system to an applied field have been studied in sputtered amorphous NdFe2 using high-resolution small angle neutron scattering (SANS) techniques. In zero field the line shape of the scattering is Lorentzian down to a spin freezing temperature of approximately 330 K. Below this temperature the line shape becomes increasingly non-Lorentzian and has been analyzed using a Lorentzian plus Lorentzian-squared cross section appropriate for a random anisotropy field system. The correlation length shows a broad maximum of 170 Å near 285 K (below Tc) and then decreases to a constant value of ≊80 Å for T&amp;lt; 100 K. SANS data taken in applied fields up to 18 kOe at 83 K produced constant intensity contours which are elliptically distorted with the Q∥H direction being the major axis. The overall intensity and the calculated spin correlation length both drop abruptly with increased field. This behavior is consistent with the field driving the dominant part of the spin system into an infinite cluster with the residual smaller spin clusters exhibiting a super-paramagnetic type response.
<title>Multiphoton microscopy: in depth in vivo sub cellular resolution imaging</title> (2006)

Since the advent of the optical microscope around 400 years ago there has been an increasing desire by life science researchers to image ever more deeply into samples with high resolution. More recently this desire has lead to the requirement to image three dimensional, living samples with sub-cellular resolution. The application of practical confocal microscopes partially solved this challenge but it was not until the development of multiphoton imaging methods 15 years ago that true in vivo, imaging with high resolution could take place at depth within samples. This paper reviews the basic principles behind multiphoton microscopy and the advances that have been made in the last five years with regard to real time, in depth, imaging. Consideration is given to the best design of multiphoton instruments along with recent research that has been undertaken in the use of active optical elements to enhance in vivo imaging. Some guidelines for the correct selection of the microscopy method for a range of life science challenges are also presented.
Reaction of Dichlorocarbene with Imines (1962)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTReaction of Dichlorocarbene with IminesA. G. Cook and Ellis K. FieldsCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1962, 27, 10, 3686–3687Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1962Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1962https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01057a508https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01057a508research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views229Altmetric-Citations47LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Laser cladding with scanning optics: Effect of scanning frequency and laser beam power density on cladding process (2014)

Scanning optics is an effective way to manipulate a laser beam for laser cladding. The numerical adjustment of the scanner gives a great deal of flexibility to the cladding process. However, the effect of the scanned beam on the cladding process itself has not been studied very thoroughly so far. This study concentrates on explaining how the scanning frequency and power density of the laser beam affect the stability of the cladding process. The results showed that both of these factors significantly influence the process stability and the outcome of the cladding process. If the local specific energy input was over 2.46 J/mm2, the process was noticed to be unstable. This limit was cross when scanning frequency was under 40 Hz. Power density's limit value for stable process was found to be 191 kW/cm2 and higher power densities than this was found to produce unstable process. If the cladding process was found to be unstable, dilution increased significantly and process started to resemble more laser alloying.
MOCVD of Thin Ruthenium Oxide Films: Properties and Growth Kinetics (2000)

Conducting thin films of RuO2 were grown on glass by metal–organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) at substrate temperatures down to 623 K. Tris-trifluoroacetylacetonate-rutheniumIII (Ru(tfa)3) served as the precursor. Film properties, such as resistivity, were improved by the addition of water to the reaction gas. The films were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and four-probe resistivity measurements. The growth mechanism was studied by in situ ellipsometry, and a model reaction mechanism is proposed. The electrochemical characterization by cyclic voltammetry revealed very small overpotentials for both hydrogen and oxygen evolution. The properties of the films, in particular the resistivity (ρ as low as 72 μΩ cm), are comparable to CVD and sputtered films deposited at much higher temperatures.
Towards a Neural Statistician (2016)

An efficient learner is one who reuses what they already know to tackle a new problem. For a machine learner, this means understanding the similarities amongst datasets. In order to do this, one must take seriously the idea of working with datasets, rather than datapoints, as the key objects to model. Towards this goal, we demonstrate an extension of a variational autoencoder that can learn a method for computing representations, or statistics, of datasets in an unsupervised fashion. The network is trained to produce statistics that encapsulate a generative model for each dataset. Hence the network enables efficient learning from new datasets for both unsupervised and supervised tasks. We show that we are able to learn statistics that can be used for: clustering datasets, transferring generative models to new datasets, selecting representative samples of datasets and classifying previously unseen classes. We refer to our model as a neural statistician, and by this we mean a neural network that can learn to compute summary statistics of datasets without supervision.
Personalized neoantigen viro-immunotherapy platform for triple-negative breast cancer (2023)

Our study provides a promising approach for the development of neoantigen-based immunotherapies for TNBC. By identifying immunogenic neoantigens and developing a delivery system through tumor-specific oncolytic VV, we have demonstrated that neoantigen-based vaccines could be effective in inducing neoantigen-specific CD8+T cells response with significant impact on tumor growth. Further studies are needed to determine the safety and efficacy of this approach in clinical trials.
Synthese und Reaktionen von 1,4-Bis-äthoxymethylenbutandion-(2,3) (Enoläther ; 2) (1965)

1.4-Bis-äthoxymethylen-butandion-(2.3) (II) entsteht in glatter Reaktion bei der Addition von Oxalylchlorid an Äthylvinyläther und anschließende Chlorwasserstoffabspaltung mittels Triäthylamin. II reagiert mit primären und sekundären Aminen zu Aminomethylenverbindungen VI, mit Amidinen oder Hydrazin als potentielle Tetracarbonylverbindung zu den Bipyrimidinyl-(4.4')-Derivaten VII bzw. zu Bipyrazolyl-(3.3') (VIII).
Laser Induced Liquid Phase Reaction Synthesis Assisted Joining of Metal Matrix Composites (1994)

Abstract A Laser Induced Liquid Phase Reaction Synthesis Assisted Joining technique is employed for SiC-particulate/Al-alloy composite to produce joints. Joints in SiC/Al-alloy composite are produced by synthesis of suitable material product as a result of interaction between composite and Ti (or Ti-alloy) reactive filler material induced by laser energy in the joint region. Such reaction product minimizes or eliminates the formation of deleterious aluminum carbide phase in the joint region depending upon the type and nature of die interfacial reactive filler material and also the laser processing parameters. A laser beam is utilized to both synthesize the interfacial reactant mixture and to heat the base material adjacent to the joint region to minimize the thermal stresses. The technique along with suitable filler material, further can be extended to a variety of metal matrix composite systems including combinations of Gr/Al, B/Al, B4C/Mg, Steel/Al, W/Al, Al2 O3 and Gr/Cu which are excellent for use in various automotive, aerospace and electronic applications. Preliminary observations describing the proof of concept of laser induced reaction joining of metal matrix composites are reported
Improving information retrieval system performance by combining different text-mining techniques (2000)

WordNet, a hand-made, general-purpose, and machine-readable thesaurus, has been used in information retrieval research by many researchers, but failed to improve the performance of their retrieval system. Thereby in this paper we investigate why the
Robust Direct Visual Localisation using Normalised Information Distance (2015)

We present an information-theoretic approach for direct localisation of a monocular camera within a 3D appearance prior. In contrast to existing direct visual localisation methods based on minimising photometric error, an information-theoretic metric allows us to compare the whole image without relying on individual pixel values, yielding robustness to changes in the appearance of the scene due to lighting, camera motion, occlusions and sensor modality. Using a low-fidelity textured 3D model of the environment, we synthesise virtual images at a candidate pose within the model. We use the Normalised Information Distance (NID) metric to evaluate the appearance match between the camera image and the virtual image, and present a derivation of analytical NID derivatives for the SE(3) direct localisation problem, along with an efficient GPGPU implementation capable of online processing. We present results showing successful online visual localisation under significant appearance change both in a synthetic indoor environment and outdoors with real-world data from a vehicle-mounted camera.
Functional and structural analysis of VLA-4 integrin alpha 4 subunit cleavage. (1992)

The cell surface heterodimer VLA-4 (alpha 4 beta 1), a member of the integrin family of adhesion receptors, is involved in both cell-extracellular matrix and cell-cell adhesion. Unlike any other integrin alpha subunit, the intact (150 kDa) alpha 4 subunit of VLA-4 can sometimes be cleaved into two noncovalently associated fragments (80 and 70 kDa). Using biosynthetic and mixing experiments, we found that human alpha 4 cleavage is a regulated, compartmentalized event, occurring soon after maturation of the beta 1-associated alpha 4 subunit. Cleavage of alpha 4, which is increased following T cell activation, has been suggested to correlate with altered VLA-4 functions. To address directly the functional importance of alpha 4 cleavage, we have studied VLA-4-mediated adhesion functions in cells expressing intact alpha 4 in comparison with cells expressing cleaved alpha 4. For this purpose, we first sequenced the N terminus of the endogenously produced 70-kDa alpha 4 fragment and identified the alpha 4 cleavage site between Lys557-Arg558 and Ser559. To abolish cleavage, we converted Arg558 to Leu or Lys557 to Gln by site-directed mutagenesis of the alpha 4 cDNA and then transfected both mutant and wild type alpha 4 cDNAs into VLA-4-negative K562 cells. Whereas transfection with wild type alpha 4 cDNA yielded predominantly cleaved alpha 4 subunit, the Leu558-alpha 4 yielded only intact alpha 4 subunit, and Gln557-alpha 4 yielded mostly intact alpha 4 subunit. Transfectants with the intact or the cleaved alpha 4 were equally capable of engaging in VLA-4-dependent adhesion to vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 and to the Hep II fragment of fibronectin (40 kDa) and aggregated equally well in response to anti-alpha 4 antibodies. Thus, cleavage of the alpha 4 subunit in these transfectants did not alter any of the known VLA-4-mediated adhesion functions.
Fluid Flow and Thermodynamic Analysis of a Wing Anti-Icing System (2005)

In this paper, a Navier-Stokes analysis is presented for a thermal aircraft wing anti-icing system. A three-dimensional (3-D) wing leading edge bay model and its two-dimensional (2-D) bay-slice approximation models are simulated using computational fluid dynamics (CFD). The numerical results and their comparative study address the 2-D approximation for the benefit of computational efficiency. Furthermore, the bay skin temperature distributions are obtained by an integrated interior-exterior thermodynamic analysis. It takes into account the skin heat transfer and conductivity. The 2-D CFD results may overestimate the heat transfer, but the surface temperature near the wing leading edge is within the flight test data range.
The First Spiroconjugated TTF- and TCNQ-Type Molecules:  A New Class of Electroactive Systems? (2004)

[Structure: see text] Spiroconjugated TTF-type electron donors (13a-c) and TCNQ-type electron acceptors (10, 11) have been prepared from spiroquinone 9. Cyclic voltammetry reveals a relatively weak accepting ability for 10 and 11, and a strong electron-donor character for 13a-c. Whereas the spiroconjugation introduces a destabilization of the LUMO for compounds 9-11, the opposite is observed for compound 13, thus justifying the redox potential values.
A wireless single-chip telemetry-powered neural stimulation system (2003)

This fully-integrated single-chip inductively-powered microsystem is capable of providing milliwatts for wireless operation. The chip is for an implantable multichannel neural microstimulator, but can be also used in other emerging applications for sensing and actuation microsystems. The fully-integrated neuromuscular electrical stimulation system (FINESS) is for use in peripheral nerve stimulation and will be attached to cuff electrodes that interface to the nerve for delivery of a bi-phasic stimulation pulse. FINESS receives all power and data through inductive coupling with an integrated, on-chip coil.
Ion Collector (2016)

This document contains recommendations for terminology in mass spectrometry. Development of standard terms dates back to 1974 when the IUPAC Commission on Analytical Nomenclature issued recommendations on mass spectrometry terms and definitions. In 1978, the IUPAC Commission on Molecular Structure and Spectroscopy updated and extended the recommendations and made further recommendations regarding symbols, acronyms, and abbreviations. The IUPAC Physical Chemistry Division Commission on Molecular Structure and Spectroscopy’s Subcommittee on Mass Spectroscopy revised the recommended terms in 1991 and appended terms relating to vacuum technology. Some additional terms related to tandem mass spectrometry were added in 1993 and accelerator mass spectrometry in 1994. Owing to the rapid expansion of the field in the intervening years, particularly in mass spectrometry of biomolecules, a further revision of the recommendations has become necessary. This document contains a comprehensive revision of mass spectrometry terminology that represents the current consensus of the mass spectrometry community.
ChemInform Abstract: 3‐HYDROXY‐17‐ARALKYLMORPHINANS AS POTENTIAL OPIATE RECEPTOR‐SITE‐DIRECTED ALKYLATING AGENTS (1977)

Abstract Durch Umsetzung mit entsprechenden Aralkylbromiden werden aus (I) die Nitrophenyl‐alkyl‐Verbindungen (II) hergestellt und zu den Aminen (III) reduziert.
Plasma Panel Sensors as Scintillation Detectors (2006)

A new type of highly-pixelated, photon counting radiation detector is described based on the integration of a photocathode into a plasma panel sensor (PPS). This device called a plasma panel photosensor (or PPPS) should be low cost as it can directly leverage off of the fabrication and materials technologies employed in plasma display panels (PDP's) and photomultiplier tubes (PMT's). When optically coupled to a scintillator, the device becomes a PPPS-scintillation detector. The PPS, PPPS and PPPS-scintillation detector all hold promise for high sensitivity with gains on the order of 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">11</sup> , high positional and pixel resolutions approaching 10 mum, and fast picosecond to nanosecond response times. Although the PPPS in some ways resembles a flat-PMT or a micropattern detector, it is not an analog device as it does not operate in the proportional region and in this sense resembles an avalanche photodiode. The PPS and PPPS, as plasma panel devices operating in the Geiger region, are digital detectors with the potential to expand beyond the capability of micropattern detector technology for a host of applications covering ionizing particles and photons, as well as non-ionizing photons. Key applications include medical imaging, homeland security and nuclear physics. Because of its thin form-factor (~1 mm) and highly-pixelated structure, the PPPS-scintillation detector should be capable of both good spectral and high directional/angular resolution.
Physical, Biochemical, and Immunological Properties of Coliphage MS-2 Particles (1970)

H (heavy) and L (light) MS-2 particles differ in density, absorption spectrum, and infectivity. Studies on their sedimentation, ribonucleic acid (RNA) content and infectivity, appearance under the electron microscope, ribonuclease sensitivity, and A-protein content failed to demonstrate any difference between the two particle types. Studies on the size, RNA content, and density of the capsid and two smaller coat protein components were also conducted. The antigenic relatedness of five different viral and subviral particles of MS-2 were studied by using immunodiffusion and neutralization. Capsids and the H and L viral particles were shown to be antigenically related, whereas the coat protein monomers and dimers were shown to be unrelated to the higher-molecular-weight particles.
The endocannabinoid system as a target for the treatment of motor dysfunction (2009)

There is evidence that cannabinoid-based medicines that are selective for different targets in the cannabinoid signalling system (e.g. receptors, inactivation mechanism, enzymes) might be beneficial in basal ganglia disorders, namely Parkinson's disease (PD) and Huntington's disease (HD). These benefits not only include the alleviation of specific motor symptoms [e.g. choreic movements with cannabinoid receptor type 1 (CB(1))/transient receptor potential vanilloid type 1 agonists in HD; bradykinesia with CB(1) antagonists and tremor with CB(1) agonists in PD], but also the delay of disease progression due to the neuroprotective properties demonstrated for cannabinoids (e.g. CB(1) agonists reduce excitotoxicity; CB(2) agonists limit the toxicity of reactive microglia; and antioxidant cannabinoids attenuate oxidative damage). In addition, extensive biochemical, anatomical, physiological and pharmacological studies have demonstrated that: (i) the different elements of the cannabinoid system are abundant in basal ganglia structures and they are affected by these disorders; (ii) the cannabinoid system plays a prominent role in basal ganglia function by modulating the neurotransmitters that operate in the basal ganglia circuits, both in healthy and pathological conditions; and (iii) the activation and/or inhibition of the cannabinoid system is associated with important motor responses that are maintained and even enhanced in conditions of malfunctioning and/or degeneration. In this article we will review the available data regarding the relationship between the cannabinoid system and basal ganglia activity, both in healthy and pathological conditions and will also try to identify future lines of research expected to increase current knowledge about the potential therapeutic benefits of targeting this system in PD, HD and other basal ganglia disorders.