gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Parametric toolpath design in metal spinning (2015)

Toolpaths in metal spinning are still designed by human operators, largely by intuition: a scientific basis remains elusive. In this paper, a parameterised toolpath is proposed based on a quadratic Bezier curve. Experiments are performed varying each of four design parameters in turn, to investigate how tool force, part geometry and various failure modes evolve with key features of the tool path. Analysis of these experimental results reveals some new features of process mechanics and leads to a proposal for a set of rules that may become useful for automatic toolpath generation.
Detection of gaming in automated scoring of essays with the IEA (2013)

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Power electronics for photovoltaic energy system of an Oceanographic buoy (2011)

This paper reports on design of power electronics for photovoltaic (PV) energy system of an offshore remote sensing apparatus. Challenges in design of a PV energy system for a marine application are investigated and the design limitations compared to inland PV system are discussed. The designed system includes PV cells as the main source of energy, electric storage (battery), maximum power point tracking (MPPT) and protection circuitries. An MPPT algorithm based on measuring the slope of the PV power-voltage curves is presented which can be implemented with simple analog electronic circuits. The MPPT circuit uses Sepic converter as a core and it also includes a protection unit for maintaining the battery voltage in a safe range. The performance of the proposed MPPT algorithm in presence of measurement noises is verified using a circuit simulation software tool (PSCAD). Simulation results verify that the algorithm appropriately regulates the voltage of PV cells at MPP and it is robust against measurement noises for a signal-to-noise ratio above -2db.
Effects of Acadesine on the Incidence of Myocardial Infarction and Adverse Cardiac Outcomes after Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery (1995)

The results of this trial did not demonstrate a statistically significant difference between acadesine and placebo using the prespecified criterion for MI. Of interest are the results of the post hoc analysis, using the more specific criterion for MI, which indicate that acadesine may reduce the incidence of larger Q-wave infarctions after coronary artery bypass surgery. A second trial is underway to evaluate this contention.
Subtilisin removes the surface layer of the phage fd coat (1992)

The major coat protein of native filamentous phage fd is vulnerable to digestion by subtilisin, but not by any of a number of other proteolytic enzymes. Degradation by the non-specific protease subtilisin occurs at specific sites in the N-terminal portion of g8p. The N-terminal part of the protein is considered to be the outer layer of a two-layered coat. Thus, subtilisin treatment results in a monolayered phage particle. These particles possess the morphology and stability of native phage fd. Furthermore, subtilisin proteolysis proved to be an efficient instrument in detecting variations in the topology of the g8p of related filamentous phages.
CHEMCAM OBSERVATIONS OF THE MARKER BAND, GALE CRATER, MARS (2023)

International audience
Photoreceptor topography of the retina in the adult pigtail macaque (Macaca nemestrina) (1989)

In spite of the crucial role retinal photoreceptors play in mapping optical images into a pattern of neural excitation, there are no complete studies of photoreceptor topography in any primate retina. We have measured the spatial density and inner segment areas of cones and rods across the whole mounted retinas of three adult pigtail macaques (Macaca nemestrina) and constructed maps of photoreceptor density and inner segment diameter. These retinas contain an average of 3.1 million cones (2.8-3.3 million), with an average peak foveal cone density of 210,000 cones/mm2 (190,000-260,000 cones/mm2). Cone density falls steeply with increasing eccentricity, to 100,000 cones/mm2 at 200 microns from the fovea, and to 50,000 cones/mm2 at 750 microns. Imposed on this gradient is a "streak" of higher cone density along the horizontal meridian. At equivalent eccentricities, cone density is higher in nasal and inferior retina. Cone inner segments increase in diameter from 2.3 microns at the foveal center to 11 microns in far temporal retina and 10 microns in far nasal retina. These retinas contain an average of 60.1 million rods (44.9-75.3 million). Rod density is zero within 20 microns of the foveal center, increases to the crest of a "rod ring" at the eccentricity of the optic disk, and then declines. Central rod topography is asymmetric, with higher densities in superior retina. Density along the crest of the rod ring peaks in superior retina at 177,000 rods/mm2, dips as low as 120,000 rods/mm2 along the horizontal meridian, and increases to about 150,000 rods/mm2 in inferior retina. Far peripheral rod topography is relatively symmetric around the fovea. Rod inner segment diameter ranged from 1.5 microns in the fovea to 4 microns at the temporal edge and 3.4 microns at the nasal edge of the retina. At eccentricities exceeding 6 mm, rod inner segment diameter was greater temporally than nasally. Cone inner segments cover 85-90% of the central fovea, with extrareceptor space accounting for the remainder. Cone coverage declines with increasing eccentricity to 20% at the temporal edge and 35% at the nasal edge of the retina. In contrast, rod coverage increases from zero at the foveal center to a maximum of 65% in temporal retina and 50% in nasal retina. The photoreceptor topography of the pigtail macaque is qualitatively similar to that of other macaques and to humans. Photoreceptor topography is formed by a complex interaction between regional changes in cone and rod density and inner segment diameter.
Altering the Fat Content Affects Flavor Release in a Model Yogurt System (1999)

Flavored yogurts differing in fat content were eaten, and the release of flavor volatiles was measured by monitoring the volatile composition of air from the nose in real time by atmospheric pressure ionization mass spectrometry. Low-fat yogurts (0.2%) were found to release volatiles more quickly and at higher intensity but with less persistence than yogurts containing fat at 3.5 and 10% fat. Yogurts with increasing fat content had higher viscosity and lower relative particle size. Lipophilic compounds were more affected by fat for maximum volatile intensity, but not time-to-maximum intensity or persistence. Sensory assessment of the yogurts found significant differences in intensity and speed of onset of flavor, but not overall length of perception.
Prevalence, Predictors, and Disease Activity of Sacroiliitis Among Patients with Crohn’s Disease (2020)

Sacroiliitis is a common comorbid condition in CD. With limited clinical clues and disease characteristics to suggest sacroiliitis, physicians may utilize MRE to identify sacroiliitis, especially in CD patients with back pain.
PMOS body-tied FinFET (Omega MOSFET) characteristics (2004)

In this paper, we introduce PMOS body-tied FinFet characteristics. For this work, the 0.1/spl mu/m design ruled SRAM technology was used. I/sub D/-V/sub DS/ characteristics show that /spl Omega/ MOSFET apparently has lower DIBL characteristics than conventional PMOS transistor. On current of the /spl Omega/ MOSFET is higher than that of conventional device and can be improved by optimising unit processes.
Sub-grouping and sub-functionalization of the RIFIN multi-copy protein family (2008)

These results question the general trend of clustering large antigenically variant protein groups into homogenous families. Assigning functions to protein families requires their subdivision into meaningful groups such as we have shown for the RIFIN protein family. Using phylogenetic and function shift analysis methods, we identify new directions for the investigation of this broad and complex group of proteins.
Multi-criteria hotspot detection using pattern classification (2019)

Lithography hotspot detection using lithography simulation (LCC) in a design stage is one of important techniques in order to avoid yield loss caused by the hotspots. Conventional LCC should detect all hotspots observed on wafer and reduce false errors which are not hotspots on wafer. However, the conventional LCC is not enough to meet the requirement. In this paper, we propose a multi-criteria hotspot detection method with a pattern classification technique. The proposed method uses a peak intensity value as the criterion and different criteria are used for different pattern categories. The categories are created based on K-means algorithm. Experimental results show our proposed method can reduce a number of false errors by 75% without any overlooking of hotspots.
Mortality associated with oral contraceptive use: 25 year follow up of cohort of 46 000 women from Royal College of General Practitioners' oral contraception study (1999)

Oral contraceptives seem to have their main effect on mortality while they are being used and in the 10 years after use ceases. Ten or more years after use ceases mortality in past users is similar to that in never users.
HIV-1 Superinfection — A Word of Caution (2002)

Acute human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection is typically associated with an influenza-like syndrome, with levels of virus in the bloodstream during the initial symptomatic period typically in excess of 10 million particles per milliliter.1 These acute symptoms usually resolve within one to two weeks, and there is a gradual reduction in viremia to a mean of about 30,000 particles per milliliter one year after infection.2 This dramatic drop in viremia is thought to be due to the induction of partially effective immune responses against the virus, although without treatment, viremia slowly rises over time. The conclusion that the . . .
Seismic Response of Precast Concrete Frames with Hybrid Connections (1998)

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7.5 MHz Dual-Layer Transducer Array for 3-D Rectilinear Imaging (2011)

The difficulties associated with fabrication and interconnection have limited the development of 2-D ultrasound transducer arrays with a large number ofelements (>5000). In previous work, we described a 5 MHz center frequency PZT-P[VDF-TrFE] dual-layer transducer that used two perpendicular 1-D arrays for 3-D rectilinear imaging. This design substantially reduces the channel count as well as fabrication complexity, which makes 3-D imaging more realizable. Higher frequencies (>5 MHz) are more commonly used in clinical applications or imaging targets near transducers, such as the breast, carotid and musculoskeletal tissue. In this paper, we present a 7.5 MHz dual-layer transducer array for 3-D rectilinear imaging. A modified acoustic stack model was designed and fabricated. PZT elements were sub-diced to eliminate lateral coupling. This sub-dicing process made the PZT into a 2-2 composite material, which could help improve transducer sensitivity and bandwidth. Full synthetic-aperture 3-D data sets were acquired by interfacing the transducer with a Verasonics data-acquisition system (VDAS). Offline 3-D beamforming was then performed to obtain volumes of a multiwire phantom and a cyst phantom. The generalized coherence factor (GCF) was applied to improve the contrast of cyst images. The measured -6 dB fractional bandwidth of the transducer was 71% with a center frequency of 7.5 MHz. The measured lateral beamwidths were 0.521 mm and 0.482 mm in azimuth and elevation, respectively, compared with a simulated beamwidth of 0.43 mm.
Propellant Charring in Pulsed Plasma Thrusters (2004)

Peer Reviewed
Design Space Exploration for Quantifying and Improving the Reliability of System Models (2011)

A major challenge in system design, especially for multidisciplinary systems, is to predict the e ects of design decisions at the point these decisions are being made. This challenge is aggravated because decisions at the beginning of system design, when the least is known about the new system, have the greatest impact on the system. Predicting system behavior using compositional system models created from discipline-speci c models enables design decisions to be validated throughout system design. Compositional system models, however, add many additional failure modes, which decreases their reliability as compared to stand-alone system models. In addition, these compositional system models change frequently as component and system designs are re ned, increasing the likelihood of system model failure. To be relied upon for design validation, compositional system models must reliably compute results even through design changes. This paper 1) formulates system model reliability for compositional system models, 2) develops a design space exploration algorithm to quantify the reliability of system models and identi es their primary failure modes, and 3) illustrates this algorithm using a solar-powered unmanned aerial vehicle model.
JNK pathway is involved in the inhibition of inflammatory target gene expression and NF-kappaB activation by melittin (2008)

These data show that melittin and bee venom prevent LPS and SNP-induced NO and PGE2 production via JNK pathway dependent inactivation of NF-kappaB, and suggest that inactivation of JNK pathways may also contribute to the anti-inflammatory and anti-arthritis effects of melittin and bee venom.
The optical absorption edge of diamond-like carbon: A quantum well model (1998)

This article presents an analysis of the optical absorption edge of diamond-like carbon, based on transitions between confined electronic states in quantum wells. This theory is proposed to replace the commonly-used Tauc and Urbach expressions. It uses the cluster model of sample structure: the wells correspond to islands of graphitic, sp2-bonded material embedded in a diamond-like, sp3-bonded skeleton. A percolation model is used to give the cluster size distribution. Near-edge optical absorption coefficients are determined approximately for macroscopic thin films that have low fractions of sp2 bonding. Experimental results provide preliminary confirmation of the approach.
Two-dimensional phased array probe shape corrections (2002)

The availability of non-destructive testing hardware capable of controlling large numbers of elements has made possible forays into two-dimensional ultrasonic arrays. Here, we explore two such arrays. The first is a conical matrix array for three-dimensional imaging of fastener holes in aircraft wing structures, and the second is an annular-sectorial array with a compound radius of curvature for the inspection of aircraft engine grade billets. In both prototypes, significant departures of the true shape of the probe face from its ideal value are observed. Since the shape aberrations are many wavelengths in magnitude, it is impossible to arrive at the desired beam profile using the beamforming parameters for the ideal probe shape. We detail our approach for correcting the beamforming process. It is based on a combination of parametric representations of probe shape families and experimental measurements with specially designed targets. While exposing current limitations in the probe manufacturing process, our results demonstrate that complicated probe malformations of many wavelengths in magnitude can easily be corrected and that the spatially disjoint nature of two-dimensional arrays becomes an opportunity for such corrections.
Evidence for the intrinsic ferromagnetism of semiconductor (Ga,Cr)As revealed by magnetic circular dichroism (2007)

To clarify whether or not (Ga,Cr)As is an intrinsic diluted magnetic semiconductor, a systematic study of the magnetic circular dichroism (MCD) was carried out for a series of (Ga,Cr)As epilayers grown by the low-temperature molecular-beam epitaxy technique. The present work provides unambiguous evidence for the intrinsic ferromagnetism of the (Ga,Cr)As epilayers with all the necessary properties in accordance with that of a diluted magnetic semiconductor, especially the hysteresis characteristics, which is opened up in the magnetic field dependence of MCD.
Effect of altered intestinal water transport on rabbit ileal blood flow. (1979)

A method is described for measuring ileal blood flow in the anesthetized (pentobarbital sodium) rabbit by the intraventricular injection of microspheres (15 micrometer) labeled with cerium-141 or chromium-51; with this method the amount of labeled microspheres lodging in the tissue is proportional to the blood flow. Blood flow to the ileal mucosa plus submucosa could be separated from flow to the ileal muscularis propria plus serosa by this technique. Simultaneous and sequential injections of radiolabeled microspheres gave similar measurements of ileal blood flow and did not affect ileal water absorption. Increasing ileal water absorption by treatment with the glucocorticoid methylprednisolone (3 mg/100 g per day for 3 days) increased blood flow to both compartments of the ileum and also to the colon, liver, and kidneys; methylprednisolone treatment did not alter blood flow when studies were performed before the methylprednisolone-induced increase in ileal water absorption had occurred. In contrast, intestinal secretagogues that induced both active ileal secretion (purified cholera toxin and serotonin) and passive ileal secretion (hypertonic mannitol) did not affect ileal blood flow. These studies indicate that increased ileal water absorption is associated with increased ileal blood flow, whereas intestinal secretion is not necessarily associated with an alteration in ileal blood flow.
Development and Implementation of a High Throughput Screen for the Human Sperm-Specific Isoform of Glyceraldehyde 3-Phosphate Dehydrogenase (GAPDHS) (2011)

Glycolytic isozymes that are restricted to the male germline are potential targets for the development of reversible, non-hormonal male contraceptives. GAPDHS, the sperm-specific isoform of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, is an essential enzyme for glycolysis making it an attractive target for rational drug design. Toward this goal, we have optimized and validated a high-throughput spectrophotometric assay for GAPDHS in 384-well format. The assay was stable over time and tolerant to DMSO. Whole plate validation experiments yielded Z' values >0.8 indicating a robust assay for HTS. Two compounds were identified and confirmed from a test screen of the Prestwick collection. This assay was used to screen a diverse chemical library and identified fourteen small molecules that modulated the activity of recombinant purified GAPDHS with confirmed IC50 values ranging from 1.8 to 42 µM. These compounds may provide useful scaffolds as molecular tools to probe the role of GAPDHS in sperm motility and long term to develop potent and selective GAPDHS inhibitors leading to novel contraceptive agents.
Nonradioactive Assay of DNA Hybridization by DNA‐Template‐Mediated Formation of a Ternary TbIII Complex in Pure Liquid Phase (1990)

Abstract No Absract.
Sex difference in the association among nutrition, muscle mass, and strength in peritoneal dialysis patients (2022)

Many peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients are malnourished, which leads to weakening owing to a decrease in muscle mass. However, this straightforward association could differ based on the sex of individuals. Further, studies on the sex-based association among nutrition, muscle mass, and strength would be helpful in choosing optimal interventions to improve the strength of patients on dialysis. The study aimed to assess the association between these three variables using mediation analysis. This retrospective study included prevalent PD patients (n = 199). Mediation analysis was conducted to investigate the effect of the appendicular lean mass (ALM) index on the association between the geriatric nutritional risk index (GNRI) and handgrip strength (HGS). The numbers of PD patients with a low ALM index, low HGS, or low GNRI score were 121 (60.8%), 109 (54.8%), and 70 (35.2%), respectively. The proportion of patients with a low ALM index was lower in females than in males, and those with a low HGS were less in patients without diabetes than that in those with diabetes. Patients ≥ 65 years old had a higher proportion of low ALM index or HGS than those < 65 years old. Low HGS was significantly associated with mortality in both sexes. In males, the HGS was correlated with the GNRI and ALM index; however, in females, partial correlation did not demonstrate an association among the GNRI, ALM index, and HGS. Mediation analysis showed that, in males, the GNRI was associated with HGS, and the association was partially mediated through the ALM index. These data reveal that the ALM index accounts for some, but not all, of the relationship between GNRI and HGS. There is not only a significant relationship between the ALM index and HGS, but also some direct relationship between GNRI and HGS. In females, there was no significant association between the GNRI or ALM index and HGS. These suggest that, for both sexes, nutritional supplementation and exercise should be recommended as the primary intervention for improving strength; however, other interventions for improving muscle quality could be considered as alternatives for maintaining strength in women undergoing PD.
An Economic Approach to Hierarchical Routing in Resource Rationed Ad Hoc Networks (2007)

In this paper, we focus on the problem of routing in resource rationed ad hoc networks. We exemplify the concept of resource rationing in a military scenario where the allocated resources are rationed to prolong the mission. By modeling the network as a directed weighted graph, we propose an economic approach to address the routing issue, namely HR <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> . Our approach begins with a hierarchical bidding process, through which nodes in the network bid for virtual currency. The winning bids use the granted virtual currency to pay the intermediate nodes for packet forwarding. After successful delivery, nodes get rewards. We study the truthfulness of HR <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> with rational nodes and propose security extension to identify and isolate the malicious nodes. Through simulations on ns-2, HR <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> shows performance gains in data throughput and energy consumption.