gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Factors affecting the abundance of selected fishes near oil and gas platforms in the northern Gulf of Mexico (1991)

A logbook program was initiated to determine the relative abundance of selected fish species around oil and gas platforms off the Louisiana coast. Logbooks were maintained by 55 anglers and 10 charterboat operators from March 1987 to March 1988. A total of 36,839 fish were caught representing over 46 different species. Principal component analysis (PCA) grouped the seventeen most abundant species into reef fish, pelagic fish, bluefish-red drum, Atlantic croaker-silver/sand seatrout, and cobia-shark-blue runner associations. Multiple regression analyses were used to compare PCA groupings to physical platform, temporal, geological, and angler characteristic variables and their interactions. Reef fish, Atlantic croaker, and silver/sand seatrout abundances were highest near large, structurally complex platforms in relatively deep water. High spotted seatrout abundances were correlated with small, unmanned oil and gas platforms in shallow water. Pelagic fish, bluefish, red drum, cobia, and shark abundances were not related to the physical parameters of the platforms.
Evaluating of path-dependent securities with low discrepancy methods (2004)

The objective of this thesis is the implementation of Monte Carlo and quasi-Monte Carlo methods for the valuation of financial derivatives. Advantages and disadvantages of each method are stated based on both the literature and on independent computational experiments by the author. Various methods to generate pseudo-random and quasi-random sequences are implemented in a computationally uniform way to enable objective comparisons. Code is developed in VBA and C++, with the C++ code converted to a COM object to make it callable from Microsoft Excel and Matlab. From the simulated random sequences Brownian motion paths are built using various constructions and variance-reduction techniques including Brownian Bridge and Latin hypercube. The power and efficiency of the methods is compared on four financial securities pricing problems: European options, Asian options, barrier options and mortgage-backed securities. In this paper a detailed step-by-step algorithm is given for each method (construction of pseudo- and quasi-random sequences, Brownian motion paths for some stochastic processes, variance- and dimension- reduction techniques, evaluation of some financial securities using different variance-reduction techniques etc).
Nanorod engineering by reinforcing hexagonally self-assembled PS–b–P4VP(DDP) with PPE (2005)

Nanorods consisting of a polystyrene core and a poly(4-vinylpyridine) shell produced the self-assembly route of comb-shaped supramolecules exhibit very poor mechanical properties. Adding a sufficient amount of poly(2,6-dimethyl-1,4-diphenyl oxide) introduces entanglements to the PS-core resulting in nanorods with much better properties, which can be used as templates for transition metal oxide tubes.
Extended-State-Observer-Based Double-Loop Integral Sliding-Mode Control of Electronic Throttle Valve (2015)

An extended-state-observer-based double-loop integral sliding-mode controller for electronic throttle (ET) is proposed by factoring the gear backlash torque and external disturbance to circumvent the parametric uncertainties and nonlinearities. The extended state observer is designed based on a nonlinear model of ET to estimate the change of throttle opening angle and total disturbance. A double-loop integral sliding-mode controller consisting of an inner loop and an outer loop is presented based on the opening angle and opening angle change errors of ET through Lyapunov stability theory. Numerical experiments are conducted using simulation. The results show that the accuracy and the response time of the proposed controller are better than those of the back-stepping and sliding mode control.
Synthesis and Characterization of C- and N-Bound Isomers of Transition Metal α-Cyanocarbanions (2000)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTSynthesis and Characterization of C- and N-Bound Isomers of Transition Metal α-CyanocarbanionsTakeshi Naota, Akio Tannna, and Shun-Ichi MurahashiView Author Information Department of Chemistry Graduate School of Engineering Science Osaka University, Machikaneyama Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2000, 122, 12, 2960–2961Publication Date (Web):March 10, 2000Publication History Received16 December 1999Published online10 March 2000Published inissue 1 March 2000https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja994387lhttps://doi.org/10.1021/ja994387lrapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 2000 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views636Altmetric-Citations36LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Group 15 compounds,Isomerization,Molecular structure,Nitrogen compounds,Transition metals Get e-Alerts
Optimal Segmented Compression Characteristic for Speech (1980)

The minimax optimization criterion for the segmented compression characteristic is formulated. For speech signal, the optimal seven segment compression characteristic is given.
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient Syntheses of Ethyl 2‐Methylthio‐ and Ethyl 2‐Benzylthio‐6‐methyl(aryl)pyrimidine‐4‐carboxylates and Their Carboxylic Acid Derivatives. (2015)

Abstract The simple preparation of the title compounds succeeds in moderate to good yields via cyclocondensation of 4‐substituted ethyl 4‐alkoxy‐2‐oxobut‐3‐eneoates with 2‐methyl or 2‐benzylisothiourea.
The bootstrapped matched filter and its accuracy (2000)

We use Edgeworth expansions to show the higher-order accuracy of the bootstrapped matched filter (MF). Specifically, the bootstrapped MF has a probability of false alarm of order n/sup -1/ distant from the preset level, where n is the sample size. We also show that the order is n/sup -3/2/ for sinusoidal signals. Simulation results compare the bootstrapped MF with the classical MF. We briefly discuss the bootstrapping approach when the noise variance is unknown and when signal parameters are unknown.
Immunological dynamics after subcutaneous immunization with a squalene‐based oil‐in‐water adjuvant (2020)

The clinically successful adjuvant MF59 is used in seasonal influenza vaccines, which is proposed to enhance immunity by creating an immune-competent microenvironment in the muscle that allows recruitment of immune cells that drive adaptive immune responses. Here, we examined whether the clinically successful adjuvants MF59/AddaVax could be used for subcutaneous use and how antigen delivery can be synergized with cellular dynamics at the vaccination site. Subcutaneous injection of AddaVax leads to thickening of the skin, characterized by a neutrophil-monocyte recruitment sequence. Skin-infiltrating CCR2<sup>+</sup>Ly6C<sup>high</sup> monocytes showed differentiation to CD11b<sup>+</sup>Ly6C<sup>+</sup>MHCII<sup>+</sup>CD11c<sup>+</sup>CD64<sup>+</sup> monocyte-derived DCs over time in the hypodermal layers of the skin, expressing high levels of CD209a/mDC-SIGN. Surprisingly, skin thickening was accompanied with increased white adipose tissue highly enriched with monocytes. Analysis of the skin-draining lymph nodes revealed early increases in neutrophils and moDCs at 12 hours after injection and later increases in migratory cDC2s. Subcutaneous vaccination with AddaVax enhanced antigen-specific CD8<sup>+</sup> and CD4<sup>+</sup> T cell responses, while moDC targeting using antigen-coupled CD209a antibody additionally boosted humoral responses. Hence, oil-in-water emulsions provide an attractive immune modulatory adjuvants aimed at increasing cellular responses, as well as antibody responses when combined with moDC targeting.
Demonstration of all-optical self-clocked demultiplexing of TDM data at 250 Gb/s (2002)

Reports the first demonstration of all-optical self-clocked demultiplexing of TDM data at 250 Gb/s. The demultiplexer, called a "TOAD", is compact and requires sub-picojoule switching energy. Cross-talk measurements of pseudorandom data in adjacent, 4 ps-width time slots exhibit a BER of less than 10/sup /spl minus/9/ with strong jitter immunity.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
A procedure for observing rocky exoplanets to maximize the likelihood\n that atmospheric oxygen will be a biosignature (2018)

Here we advocate an observational strategy to help prioritize exoplanet\nobservations. It starts with more easily obtained observational data, and ranks\nexoplanets for more difficult follow-up observations based on the likelihood of\navoiding planets for which oxygen is a false positives or even an inconclusive\nsignature of life. We find that for oxygen to be a robust biosignature, both\nland and surface water must be present. Landless exoplanets have much slower\nbiogeochemical cycles, so while oxygenic photosynthesizing life could exist on\nsuch planets, it could not produce oxygen at a rate competitive with abiotic\nrates such as photolysis. These habitable planets, whose life would not be\ndetectable, should be avoided.\n
Modeling of RNA-seq fragment sequence bias reduces systematic errors in transcript abundance estimation (2015)

RNA-seq technology is widely used in biomedical and basic science research. These studies rely on complex computational methods that quantify expression levels for observed transcripts. We find that current computational methods can lead to hundreds of false positive results related to alternative isoform usage. This flaw in the current methodology stems from a lack of modeling sample-specific bias that leads to drops in coverage and is related to sequence features like fragment GC content and GC stretches. By incorporating features that explain this bias into transcript expression models, we greatly increase the specificity of transcript expression estimates, with more than a four-fold reduction in the number of false positives for reported changes in expression. We introduce alpine, a method for estimation of bias-corrected transcript abundance. The method is available as a Bioconductor package that includes data visualization tools useful for bias discovery.
Several schemes of alleviating bus voltage stress in single stage power factor correction converters (1999)

High DC bus voltage stress is an important issue for the single stage PFC converters in practical application. This paper analyzes the inherent reason of the high bus voltage stress of single-stage power-factor-correction (PFC) AC/DC converters. Four possible resolving schemes are analyzed and discussed, and some of practical implementation circuits topologies are also given. Theoretical analysis and simulation results show that the both series-charging, parallel-discharging capacitors (SCPDC) scheme and bus-voltage-feedback (BVF) method are deemed to be more viable than the other two methods.
Development of Dibenzothiazepine Derivatives as Multifunctional Compounds for Neuropathic Pain (2022)

Neuropathic pain is a chronic and sometimes intractable condition caused by lesions or diseases of the somatosensory nervous system. Many drugs are available but unfortunately do not provide satisfactory effects in patients, producing limited analgesia and undesirable side effects. Thus, there is an urgent need to develop new pharmaceutical agents to treat neuropathic pain. To date, highly specific agents that modulate a single target, such as receptors or ion channels, never progress to the clinic, which may reflect the diverse etiologies of neuropathic pain seen in the human patient population. Therefore, the development of multifunctional compounds exhibiting two or more pharmacological activities is an attractive strategy for addressing unmet medical needs for the treatment of neuropathic pain. To develop novel multifunctional compounds, key pharmacophores of currently used clinical pain drugs, including pregabalin, fluoxetine and serotonin analogs, were hybridized to the side chain of tianeptine, which has been used as an antidepressant. The biological activities of the hybrid analogs were evaluated at the human transporters of neurotransmitters, including serotonin (hSERT), norepinephrine (hNET) and dopamine (hDAT), as well as mu (μ) and kappa (κ) opioid receptors. The most advanced hybrid of these multifunctional compounds, <b>17</b>, exhibited multiple transporter inhibitory activities for the uptake of neurotransmitters with IC<sub>50</sub> values of 70 nM, 154 nM and 2.01 μM at hSERT, hNET and hDAT, respectively. Additionally, compound <b>17</b> showed partial agonism (EC<sub>50</sub> = 384 nM) at the μ-opioid receptor with no influence at the κ-opioid receptor. In in vivo pain animal experiments, the multifunctional compound <b>17</b> showed significantly reduced allodynia in a spinal nerve ligation (SNL) model by intrathecal administration, indicating that multitargeted strategies in single therapy could considerably benefit patients with multifactorial diseases, such as pain.
He self-pumping by tokamak pump limiter materials: Al, V, Ni, and Ni/Al alloys (2002)

An ECR (electron cyclotron resonance) plasma and Colutron ion gun were used to study He self-pumping by several possible pump-limiter materials: Ni, V, Al, and Ni/Al multilayers. Ni and V exhibited similar pumping capacities (6*10/sup 15/ He/cm/sup 2/, 200 eV), whereas Al showed a reduced capacity (6*10/sup 14/ He/cm/sup 2/, 200 eV) due to increased sputtering. An He retention model based on ion implantation ranges and sputtering rates agreed with the experimental data. The pumping efficiency increased significantly with ion energy. A novel multilayer/bilayer pumping concept showed improved pumping above that for single-element films. D/He trapping site competition is more important in V than in Ni. However, D/He site competition in V was shown to be less important above 400 degrees C where hydride decomposition is enhanced.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Combined Stimulation of Toll-Like Receptor 5 and NOD1 Strongly Potentiates Activity of NF-κB, Resulting in Enhanced Innate Immune Reactions and Resistance to Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium Infection (2013)

Pathogen recognition receptors (PRRs) are essential components of host innate immune systems that detect specific conserved pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) presented by microorganisms. Members of two families of PRRs, transmembrane Toll-like receptors (TLRs 1, 2, 4, 5, and 6) and cytosolic NOD receptors (NOD1 and NOD2), are stimulated upon recognition of various bacterial PAMPs. Such stimulation leads to induction of a number of immune defense reactions, mainly triggered via activation of the transcription factor NF-κB. While coordination of responses initiated via different PRRs sensing multiple PAMPS present during an infection makes clear biological sense for the host, such interactions have not been fully characterized. Here, we demonstrate that combined stimulation of NOD1 and TLR5 (as well as other NOD and TLR family members) strongly potentiates activity of NF-κB and induces enhanced levels of innate immune reactions (e.g., cytokine production) both in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, we show that an increased level of NF-κB activity plays a critical role in formation of downstream responses. In live mice, synergy between these receptors resulting in potentiation of NF-κB activity was organ specific, being most prominent in the gastrointestinal tract. Coordinated activity of NOD1 and TLR5 significantly increased protection of mice against enteroinvasive Salmonella infection. Obtained results suggest that cooperation of NOD and TLR receptors is important for effective responses to microbial infection in vivo.
A Preliminary Investigation of the Effect of Acute Alcohol on Dopamine Transmission as Assessed by [11C]-(+)-PHNO (2017)

Using the agonist radiotracer, [<sup>11</sup> C]-(+)-PHNO, our preliminary findings suggest that alcohol is not associated with robust changes in tracer binding in striatal or extra-striatal regions. However, we found that changes in [<sup>11</sup> C]-(+)-PHNO binding following alcohol are dependent on blood alcohol levels suggesting that increases in DA may occur at lower stimulating doses. The effect of lower doses of alcohol on DA warrants further investigation in a larger study.
Bivalent Transition-State Analogue Inhibitors of Human Glyoxalase I (2003)

A new class of competitive inhibitors of homodimeric human glyoxalase I has been created by cross-linking two molecules of the transition-state analogue S-(N-4-chlorophenyl-N-hydroxycarbamoyl)glutathione (CHG) through their gamma-glutamyl-NH(2) groups with poly-beta-alanyl tethers of differing length: [CHG(beta-ala)n](2) suberate diamide (n = 1-7). The strongest inhibitors of this antitumor target enzyme likely bind simultaneously to the active site on each subunit to give K(i) values as small as 0.96 nM (n = 6). [structure: see text]
Cyclometalated Platinum Complexes with Aggregation-Induced Phosphorescence Emission Behavior and Highly Efficient Electroluminescent Ability (2018)

Aggregation-induced emission (AIE) materials can exhibit intense luminescence in the aggregated or solid state, which are highly desirable for OLED application. However, only limited research results on developing AIE-active PtII complexes in electroluminescence (EL) application have been reported so far. Herein, a series of AIE-active PtII(C^N)(N-donor ligand)Cl complexes have been developed. Their chemical structures have been determined by NMR, MS, and X-ray crystallography characterization. Theoretical results including the frontier molecular orbitals, the simulated UV–vis spectra, and natural transition orbitals (NTO) have been employed to insightfully interpret their photophysical properties. It has also been found that a much higher degree of molecular aggregation in these PtII complexes should be required to induce phosphorescent AIE than that for the fluorescent AIE behavior. These AIE-active PtII complexes can exhibit very strong emission in poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) films with the phosphorescence quantum yield (Φp) of ∼72.0%, while that in dilute solution is just about 4.7%. Accordingly, on the basis of these AIE-active PtII complexes, the optimized OLEDs fabricated by the simple solution-processed strategy can achieve high EL efficiencies with a maximal external efficiency (ηext) of 28.4%, a maximal current efficiency (ηL) of 75.9 cd A–1, and a maximal power efficiency (ηP) of 62.7 lm W–1. Considering the rarity for EL investigations of the AIE-active PtII complexes, the concerned results realized by these PtII(C^N)(N-donor ligand)Cl complexes should provide valuable clues for exploring AIE-active PtII phosphorescent complexes with high EL performance.
Atom Probe Study of Aging Embrittlement of Cast Duplex Stainless Steel. (1993)

Nanometer-scale microstructural change that occurs during thermal aging of the ferritic phase of duplex stainless steel was analyzed with a pulsed-laser-atom probe. In addition, changes in electrochemical behavior and the magnetic hysteresis loop were examined and an attempt was made to correlate them to the microstructural change. In this study Fe-19% Cr-10% Ni-2% Mo cast duplexstainless steel was aged at 475°C for 443h. Important conclusions are as follows. (1) Aging promotes the phase separation of the steel into a Cr-rich region (α') and a Fe-rich region, which form a possible 3D modulated structure with a wavelength on the 10 nm order. (2) The electrochemical reactivation peak in the aged steel may result from the Fe-rich region with Cr concentration below 14 at%. (3) The nanometer-scale microstructural change causes hardening and increases hysteresis loss.
The Penna model for biological aging and speciation (2004)

Results obtained by the application of the Penna model to problems of evolutionary theory are reviewed. The genesis of diploid organisms is studied and compared to other forms of polyploidity. The addition of phenotype-dependent selection and its consequences, considering ecological and/or sexual selection traits, are discussed. This addition made possible the analysis of the mechanism through which sympatric speciation may be driven by changes in the ecology, and the microscopic validation of the handicap principle.
Colloidal Silica-Bearing Hydrosilane Groups (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTColloidal Silica-Bearing Hydrosilane GroupsHoward A. M. Ketelson, Michael A. Brook, and Robert H. PeltonCite this: Chem. Mater. 1995, 7, 7, 1376–1383Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cm00055a016https://doi.org/10.1021/cm00055a016research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views518Altmetric-Citations25LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts