gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Exospores and Cysts Formed by Methane-utilizing Bacteria (1970)

SUMMERY: Three varieties of resting stage, an exospore and two types of cyst, were formed by methane-utilizing bacteria. Exospores were budded off by two types of organism, both of which underwent a change in morphology prior to spore formation. Exospores possessed some properties in common with endospores: staining properties, some structural features, mode of germination, desiccation and heat resistance, but contained no detectable dipicolinic acid. Some organisms formed desiccation-resistant cysts similar in morphology, staining properties and fine structure to cysts formed by Azotobacter species. Other strains formed non-desiccation-resistant bodies considered to be similar to immature azotobacter-type cysts. A desiccation-resistant cyst formed by one strain differed in structure and appearance from Azotobacter-type cysts and was referred to as a Tipid’ cyst.
Low-temperature CO2 Removal from Natural Gas (2012)

As an alternative to chemical and physical solvents, membrane technologies and PSA, process principles for CO2 removal from natural gas by low-temperature distillation are presented. A low-temperature process reducing the CO2 concentration from an initial50.6 vol-% to LNG specification (50 ppm) has been simulated in Aspen HYSYS. Main results such as product streams, power consumption for auxiliary refrigeration and steam requirements have been estimated. The process delivers the natural gas product for liquefaction at approximately 40 bar pressure and a temperature of -88 °C and should be well suited for further cooling and liquefaction.
Analysis of the Various Factors Affecting Drag Torque in Multiple-Plate Wet Clutches (2003)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Experiments were conducted to study the effects of design factors of clutch packs on drag torque. From the test results, the design factors with a large effect were facing area and wave height. At high rotational speeds, automatic transmission fluid (ATF) flow rates and the number of grooves also had a significant effect. At low rotational speeds, since drag torque increased linearly with increasing speed, the results were compared to calculated values using theoretical equations based on Newton's law of viscosity. Furthermore, it was confirmed through visualization experiments of ATF flow on the rotating facing surface that the ATF completely covered the surface at low rotational speeds and that air mixed with the ATF at high rotational speeds.&lt;/div&gt;
Development of Predictive QSAR Models of 4-Thiazolidinones Antitrypanosomal Activity Using Modern Machine Learning Algorithms (2018)

International audience
The Destruction of PDC Bits by Severe Slip-Stick Vibration (1997)

Abstract Surface mud logging systems have detected a severe form of torsional vibration that causes rapid destruction of polycrystalline diamond compact (PDC) drill bits. These failures can occur when combining a limber bottomhole assembly (BHA) with a PDC bit lacking some form of anti-whirl stabilisation. On the basis of experience to date, these vibration-induced failures occur only in larger hole sizes. This paper describes the nature of these bit failures, their dependence on operating conditions, and practical recommendations for avoiding failure. Experience from one operation, in which revised drilling practices and bit selection criteria eradicated the failures, will be presented.
Packaging the Cell Broadband Engine microprocessor for supercomputer applications (2008)

The Cell Broadband Engine™ (Cell BE) processor initially designed for high-end consumer electronics, has been enhanced by IBM for supercomputer applications. The enhancements to the chip also necessitated the design and development of a new package. The modifications to the chip included replacement of the 3.2 Gb/s XDR interface with a 800Mb/s DDR2 interface of equal bandwidth. This required the addition of several hundred chip-level connections (C4’s) and package BGA balls. Incorporating this and other enhancements to the chip resulted in a ∼20% larger chip and a larger and more complex package. Additional noise from this large memory interface also drove decoupling requirements that necessitated mounting capacitors on both the top and bottom sides of the package. This paper describes the design of this new package as well as the analysis and characterization techniques used to address the packaging concerns outlined above. It includes a comprehensive noise analysis as well as a thorough characterization of the DDR2 interface in the final prototypes. The paper also outlines the design and analysis of the power distribution to the various voltage domains on the chip. Along with electrical design and performance, the paper also includes finite element modeling of the mechanical stresses resident in this FCPBGA package. Finally, the concluding portions of the paper will discuss the trade-offs between electrical performance and mechanical stability, reliability and relative cost.
Lithium–Oxygen Battery Exploiting Highly Concentrated Glyme-Based Electrolytes (2020)

Concentrated solutions of lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (LiTFSI) and lithium nitrate (LiNO3) salts in either diethylene-glycol dimethyl-ether (DEGDME) or triethylene-glycol dimethyl-ether (TREGDME) are herein characterized in terms of chemical and electrochemical properties in view of possible applications as the electrolyte in lithium-oxygen batteries. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy at the lithium metal surface upon prolonged storage in lithium cells reveals the complex composition and nature of the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) formed through the reduction of the solutions, while thermogravimetric analysis shows a stability depending on the glyme chain length. The applicability of the solutions in the lithium metal cell is investigated by means of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), chronoamperometry, galvanostatic cycling, and voltammetry, which reveal high conductivity and lithium transference number as well as a wide electrochemical stability window of both electrolytes. However, a challenging issue ascribed to the more pronounced evaporation of the electrolyte based on DEGDME with respect to TREGDME actually limits the application of the former in the Li/O2 battery. Hence, EIS measurements reveal a very fast increase in the impedance of cells using the DEGDME-based electrolyte upon prolonged exposure to the oxygen atmosphere, which leads to a performance decay of the corresponding Li/O2 battery. Instead, cells using the TREGDME-based electrolyte reveal remarkable interphase stability and much more enhanced response with specific capacity ranging from 500 to 1000 mA h g-1 referred to the carbon mass in the positive electrode, with an associated maximum practical energy density of 450 W h kg-1. These results suggest the glyme volatility as a determining factor for allowing the use of the electrolyte media in a Li/O2 cell. Therefore, electrolytes using a glyme with sufficiently high boiling point, such as TREGDME, which is further increased by the relevant presence of salts including a lithium protecting sacrificial one (LiNO3), can allow the application of the solutions in a safe and high-performance lithium-oxygen battery.
ChemInform Abstract: POTENTIAL LONG‐ACTING ANTICONVULSANTS. 1. SYNTHESIS AND ACTIVITY OF SUCCINIMIDES CONTAINING AN ALKYLATING GROUP AT THE 2 POSITION (1977)

Abstract Aus Phensuximid (Ia) erhält man über das Natriumenolat mit entsprechenden Acylhalogeniden Substitutionsprodukte der Art (Ib).
Machine Learning based IoT Edge Node Security Attack and Countermeasures (2019)

Advances in technology have enabled tremendous progress in the development of a highly connected ecosystem of ubiquitous computing devices collectively called the Internet of Things (IoT). Ensuring the security of IoT devices is a high priority due to the sensitive nature of the collected data. Physically Unclonable Functions (PUFs) have emerged as critical hardware primitive for ensuring the security of IoT nodes. Malicious modeling of PUF architectures has proven to be difficult due to the inherently stochastic nature of PUF architectures. Extant approaches to malicious PUF modeling assume that a priori knowledge and physical access to the PUF architecture is available for malicious attack on the IoT node. However, many IoT networks make the underlying assumption that the PUF architecture is sufficiently tamper-proof, both physically and mathematically. In this work, we show that knowledge of the underlying PUF structure is not necessary to clone a PUF. We present a novel non-invasive, architecture independent, machine learning attack for strong PUF designs with a cloning accuracy of 93.5% and improvements of up to 48.31% over an alternative, two-stage brute force attack model. We also propose a machine-learning based countermeasure, discriminator, which can distinguish cloned PUF devices and authentic PUFs with an average accuracy of 96.01%. The proposed discriminator can be used for rapidly authenticating millions of IoT nodes remotely from the cloud server.
Raman study of AgTa1−xNbxO3system and the influence of Nb ions on the phase transition sequence (1990)

Abstract Raman scattering measurements were performed on AgTa1−xNbxO3 single crystals with x=0.01 and 0.02 in a wide temperature range. Results obtained indicated the existence of a critical niobium concentration above which the phase transitions sequence is modified. The primary role of Nb ions in the appearance of the central peak and the nature of phase transitions is pointed out.
Immunoglobulin and T-cell receptor gene rearrangement and expression in human lymphoid leukemia cells at different stages of maturation. (1986)

The use of probes to genes (IG and TCRB) encoding immunoglobulins (IG) and the beta chain of the T-cell antigen receptor (TCRB), respectively, have become a sensitive means to assess clonality and lineage in lymphoid malignancies. It has become apparent that some individual cases show rearrangements of both IG and TCRB genes. In an attempt to more accurately define cell lineage we have analyzed cells from patients with B- or T-cell leukemia (n = 26) at various stages of maturation with probes to two additional TCR genes, TCRG and TCRA (encoding the TCR gamma and alpha chains, respectively), as well as the IG heavy chain joining region (IGHJ) and TCRB genes. On Southern blot analysis, the mature T-cell leukemia cells studied had rearranged TCRG and TCRB while IGHJ remained as in the germ line. The mature B-cell leukemia cells studied had rearranged IGHJ with germ-line TCRG and TCRB. These data suggest that, in the majority of more mature leukemias, cells have rearranged IG or TCR genes but not both. In contrast, cells from five of nine precursor B-cell leukemia patients and cell lines from one of four precursor T-cell leukemia patients had rearranged both IGHJ and TCR genes. TCRG and TCRB mRNAs were expressed in the cells of precursor T- but not B-cell leukemia patients studied. The spectrum of leukemia cells studied within the T-cell series permitted an assessment of the order of TCR gene rearrangements. Two of 13 patients had cells with germ-line TCRG and TCRB, 2 patients had cells with rearranged TCRG alone, and the remainder had cells with rearranged TCRG and TCRB. TCRG and TCRB mRNAs were expressed in precursor T-cell leukemia cells, whereas TCRB and TCRA were expressed in mature T-cell leukemia cells. These results parallel observations from mouse studies on gene expression and support the view of a hierarchy of TCR gene rearrangements in T-lymphocyte ontogeny. TCRG genes are rearranged first, subsequently TCRB genes are rearranged, followed by TCRA gene activation.
Structure and Complete Nucleotide Sequence of the Gene Encoding Chicken Cytosolic Adenylate Kinase1 (1988)

The gene encoding cytosolic adenylate kinase (AK1) was isolated from a chicken genomic DNA library by using its cDNA as a hybridization probe. The chicken AK1 gene spanned about 6 kilobase pairs and consisted of 7 exons. Analyses of the 5'-flanking region sequence and S1 nuclease mapping revealed that the transcription initiation site is located at 84 base pairs upstream from the ATG initiation codon. The TATA box and the putative CAT box were located 29 base pairs and 97 base pairs upstream from the transcription initiation site, respectively. A total of 7 GC boxes were found in the 5'-flanking region, the exon 1, and the intron 1. The GC boxes were surrounded by the sequences with extremely high G+C contents. When projected on the three-dimensional structure of the AK1 protein molecule, introns fell either between or near the ends of alpha-helices and beta-strands, and most of the coding exons encoded at least one alpha-helix and one beta-strand. The dot matrix plot analysis between chicken AK1 and bovine mitochondrial adenylate kinase (AK2) suggested that the AK1 gene might have evolved from the AK2 gene by deletion of one or more exon(s).
Expression flow for 3D-aware face component transfer (2011)

We address the problem of correcting an undesirable expression on a face photo by transferring local facial components, such as a smiling mouth, from another face photo of the same person which has the desired expression. Direct copying and blending using existing compositing tools results in semantically unnatural composites, since expression is a global effect and the local component in one expression is often incompatible with the shape and other components of the face in another expression. To solve this problem we present Expression Flow, a 2D flow field which can warp the target face globally in a natural way, so that the warped face is compatible with the new facial component to be copied over. To do this, starting with the two input face photos, we jointly construct a pair of 3D face shapes with the same identity but different expressions. The expression flow is computed by projecting the difference between the two 3D shapes back to 2D. It describes how to warp the target face photo to match the expression of the reference photo. User studies suggest that our system is able to generate face composites with much higher fidelity than existing methods.
Combination of Gas Plasma and Radiotherapy Has Immunostimulatory Potential and Additive Toxicity in Murine Melanoma Cells in Vitro (2020)

Despite continuous advances in therapy, malignant melanoma is still among the deadliest types of cancer. At the same time, owing to its high plasticity and immunogenicity, melanoma is regarded as a model tumor entity when testing new treatment approaches. Cold physical plasma is a novel anticancer tool that utilizes a plethora of reactive oxygen species (ROS) being deposited on the target cells and tissues. To test whether plasma treatment would enhance the toxicity of an established antitumor therapy, ionizing radiation, we combined both physical treatment modalities targeting B16F10 murine melanoma cell in vitro. Repeated rather than single radiotherapy, in combination with gas plasma-introduced ROS, induced apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in an additive fashion. In tendency, gas plasma treatment sensitized the cells to subsequent radiotherapy rather than the other way around. This was concomitant with increased levels of TNFα, IL6, and GM-CSF in supernatants. Murine JAWS dendritic cells cultured in these supernatants showed an increased expression of cell surface activation markers, such as MHCII and CD83. For PD-L1 and PD-L2, increased expression was observed. Our results are the first to suggest an additive therapeutic effect of gas plasma and radiotherapy, and translational tumor models are needed to develop this concept further.
A Global Compact to End Poverty (2005)

Brian Snowdon presents the text of a two-hour interview conducted with Jeffrey D. Sachs of Columbia Universityâ€”a wide-ranging discussion relating to Professor Sachs's work over the past thirty years on macroeconomic stabilisation, the economics of transition, and several important issues in the field of international economic development. First, Snowdon provides some background to the debate relating to Professor Sachs's most recent work that has helped focus international attention on the growth tragedy of sub-Saharan Africa. This key humanitarian issue has received enormous coverage in the media throughout 2005 and has been highlighted in particular at the G8 meetings in Gleneagles and worldwide Live 8 Concerts in July 2005, and the UN World Summit in September.
FM response of InGaAsP buried heterostructure distributed feedback lasers and their applications in incoherent FSK systems (1990)

Measurements are reported of the frequency modulation (FM) response of InGaAsP buried heterostructure distributed feedback (DFB) lasers and the system performance of a 1.7-Gb/s and 622-Mb/s incoherent frequency-shift-keyingn (FSK) system using these lasers. The measured lasers include 1.55- mu m conventional DFB lasers and quarter-wave shifted DFB lasers. The thermal dips in the FM response of quarter-wave shifted DFB lasers usually occur at the lower frequencies, compared with that of conventional (250- mu m-long) DFB lasers. A receiver sensitivity of -32.5 dBm (-39.5 dBm) for a 1.7-GB/s (622-Mb/s) incoherent frequency-shift-keying (FSK) system was achieved using a quarter-wave shifted DFB laser.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Method to Assemble Genomic DNA Fragments or Genes on Human Artificial Chromosome with Regulated Kinetochore Using a Multi-Integrase System (2017)

The production of cells capable of carrying multiple transgenes to Mb-size genomic loci has multiple applications in biomedicine and biotechnology. In order to achieve this goal, three key steps are required: (i) cloning of large genomic segments; (ii) insertion of multiple DNA blocks at a precise location and (iii) the capability to eliminate the assembled region from cells. In this study, we designed the iterative integration system (IIS) that utilizes recombinases Cre, ΦC31 and ΦBT1, and combined it with a human artificial chromosome (HAC) possessing a regulated kinetochore (alphoid<sup>tetO</sup>-HAC). We have demonstrated that the IIS-alphoid<sup>tetO</sup>-HAC system is a valuable genetic tool by reassembling a functional gene from multiple segments on the HAC. IIS-alphoid<sup>tetO</sup>-HAC has several notable advantages over other artificial chromosome-based systems. This includes the potential to assemble an unlimited number of genomic DNA segments; a DNA assembly process that leaves only a small insertion (<60 bp) scar between adjacent DNA, allowing genes reassembled from segments to be spliced correctly; a marker exchange system that also changes cell color, and counter-selection markers at each DNA insertion step, simplifying selection of correct clones; and presence of an error proofing mechanism to remove cells with misincorporated DNA segments, which improves the integrity of assembly. In addition, the IIS-alphoid<sup>tetO</sup>-HAC carrying a locus of interest is removable, offering the unique possibility to revert the cell line to its pretransformed state and compare the phenotypes of human cells with and without a functional copy of a gene(s). Thus, IIS-alphoid<sup>tetO</sup>-HAC allows investigation of complex biomedical pathways, gene(s) regulation, and has the potential to engineer synthetic chromosomes with a predetermined set of genes.
Source mechanisms of micro-earthquakes induced in a fluid injection experiment at the HDR site Soultz-sous-Forêts (Alsace) in 2003 and their temporal and spatial variations (2010)

We have inverted the peak amplitudes of direct P waves of 45 micro-earthquakes with magnitudes between M = 1.4 and 2.9, which occurred during and after the 2003 massive fluid injection in the GPK3 borehole of the Soultz-sous-Forets Hot Dry Rock facility. These events were recorded by a surface seismic network of 15 stations operated by the Ecole et Observatoire des Sciences de la Terre, University of Strasbourg. The unconstrained moment tensor (MT) expression of the mechanism was applied, allowing the description of a general system of dipoles, that is, both double-couple (DC) and non-DC sources, as tensile fractures. The mechanisms of all but one event are dominantly DCs with a few per cent additional components at the most.
Invited: High Efficiency V/V Redox Flow Battery Stack Utilizing Mixed Acid Electrolyte Chemistry (2014)

The demand for large-scale electrical energy storage (EES) devices has been growing for both improved efficiency and flexibility of the current grid infrastructure and to enable a higher penetration of stochastic renewable sources such like solar and wind onto the grid. Among the most promising technologies for the grid-scale EES are redox flow batteries (RFBs), which are capable of storing a large quantity of electricity (multi-MWs/MWhs) in a relatively simple and straightforward design. With support from the Department of Energy-Office of Electricity’s Energy Storage Program, PNNL developed a mixed-acid electrolyte (hydrochloric and sulfuric acid) for the all vanadium redox flow battery that offers significant improvements in thermal stability and solubility over the conventional, sulfate only system. PNNL has incorporated the mixed acid electrolyte into kW scale systems in order to determine the optimal system efficiency at various flow, temperature, and current density conditions. A 15-cell stack utilizing Nafion ® 115 was successfully operated at more 160 mA/cm 2 over a 10 % - 90% SOC range with a stack energy efficiency of 74 %. At a flow rate of 6 lpm for both the catholyte and anolyte, the system obtained an overall efficiency (stack - pumping power) of 65%. With no active cooling the system reached a maximum temperature of 47 ° C. Replacing the 5 mil Nafion ® 115 membrane with a 2 mil Nafion ® 212, the energy efficiency increased to 79% while the operating temperature decreased to 43 ° C for the same 6 lpm flowrate. Further development was done on the catholyte and anolyte flow field to reduce the pressure drop through the stack. A new interdigitated flow field was designed and incorporated into the 15-cell stack. With the interdigitated flow field and the Nafion ® 212 membrane, the stack efficiency remained at 79% but the system efficiency improved to 72% due to the lower pressure drop in the system. At 6 lpm flow rate, the interdigitated design resulted in ~ 3X decrease in the pressure drop across the cell (from an average of 6.5 psi to 2.5 psi for the interdigitated design). The operating temperature under these conditions was 40 ° C. Further testing of the interdigitated flow field and the Nafion ® 212 membrane at 240mA/cm 2 and the same electrolyte flow rate netted a stack energy efficiency of 71%, a system efficiency of 67%, and an operating temperature of 46 ° C.
Lowering the threshold SNR of singular value decomposition based methods (2003)

The author examines the performance of singular value decomposition (SVD) based methods for estimating the frequencies of multiple sinusoids. The concept of angle between subspaces is used to derive a criterion for determining when SVD-based procedures fail. The signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) at which a method breaks down is termed the threshold SNR of the method. It is shown that existing SVD based methods have a higher threshold SNR than predicted by this criterion. A method that utilizes the singular vectors and directly minimizes the angle between subspaces is developed. The method is shown to have better performance at low SNRs. The procedure lowers the threshold SNR thereby extending the range of SNR for which SVD can be used.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>