gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Modelling the Electromechanical Impedance Method for the Prediction of the Biomechanical Behavior of Dental Implant Stability (2015)

We propose the electromechanical impedance (EMI) technique to assess the stability of dental implants. The technique consists of bonding a piezoelectric transducer to the element to be monitored. Conventionally, electromechanical admittance is used to diagnose structural damage. In this study, we created a 3D finite element model to mimic a transducer bonded to the abutment of a dental implant placed in a host bone site. We simulated the healing after surgery by changing the Young's modulus of the bone-implant interface. The results show that as the Young's modulus of the interface increases, the electromechanical characteristic of the transducer changes.
Analysis of Silicon Nanowires Grown by Combining SiO Evaporation with the VLS Mechanism (2004)

Silicon nanowires have received increasing attention as potential building blocks for nanoscale devices. We report the growth and analysis of silicon nanowires consisting of a crystalline silicon core and a thick oxide shell, which were grown by evaporation of silicon monoxide (SiO) in an inert gas atmosphere using a gold-coated silicon wafer as a substrate. This method combines SiO evaporation with the vapor-liquid-solid (VLS) nanowire growth mechanism. The resulting nanowires were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDXS). The thick oxide shell was determined to be the product of the SiO evaporation and subsequent phase separation into Si and The EDXS measurements confirmed the silicon core/oxide shell structure of the nanowires and the existence of a gold dot on the nanowire tip as required by the VLS mechanism. An explanation is proposed for growth of the nanowires by combination of the VLS mechanism and SiO disproportionation. High-resolution TEM micrographs show the crystalline structure of the nanowire silicon core. Some of the nanowires were found to show an oscillation in diameter. © 2004 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.
SYNTHESIS AND CYTOTOXIC ACTIVITY OF NOVEL 9-[HYDROXY(SUBSTITUTEDPHENYL) METHYL]-2,2- DIMETHYL-2,3,8,9-TETRAHYDRO-4H,10H-PYRANO [2,3-F ]CHROMENE-4,10-DIONES (2010)

Chromanone derivatives demonstrate remarkable cytotoxity against a varieties of cancer cell lines. Novel 9-(hydroxy(substitutedphenyl)methyl)-2,2-dimethyl-2,3,8,9- tetrahydro- 4H,10H-pyrano(2,3-f)chromene-4,10-diones as Glyasperin analogues were synthesized in four steps from known 4-chromone 1. The key step was the preparation of chromane dione 5a by regioselective intramolecular cyclization reaction in 85% yield. Condensation of 5a with substituted aromatic aldehydes afforded corresponding alpha hydroxybenzyl analogues 6a-6e. The cytotoxic study of the synthesized compounds against breast cancer human cell line (T47D) showed moderate cytotoxic activities (IC 50 =16-40 �M) compared to the positive control drug vincristin (IC 50 =2.5 �M).
Evaluating heat dissipation in edge-lit LED backlight module using Taguchi method (2014)

Flat panel displays (FPD) are becoming thinner and lighter, and edge-lit backlight modules are gradually replacing direct-lit devices. The number of LEDs is being reduced and high-power LEDs are increasingly being used for illumination. The effectiveness of free convection in the dissipation of heat generated from LEDs is limited in such constricted spaces, resulting in a loss of luminosity and a reduction in the lifespan of the LED devices. In this study, the experimental measurement and simulation of the 8-Watt edge-lit LED backlight module with 40 LEDs in 740 mm* 425 mm* 12 mm size was conducted. This study investigated heat dissipation using ANSYS simulation software, the results of which were in agreement with the experimental data, with a difference of only 1.6°C in the maximum temperature. The edge-lit LED backlight module with heat dissipation mechanism was estimated by using the proposed model. The result demonstrated that the maximum temperature of the heat sink with fins was lower 3°C than without fins. A design of heat sink with fins is contributed to reducing LED temperature. In addition, Taguchi method was introduced for seeking the optimal configurations of heat sink by using the proposed model. In the study, 4 control factors with 2 degree levels, (A) heat transfer pattern on heat sink surface, (B) the thickness of heat sink, (C) the width of heat sink and (D) fin area, were considered. The results indicated that heat sink area with 2.4 mm thick and 60 mm wide, and heat sink with a fin area of 16682 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> provided optimal heat dissipation efficiency under the given convection conditions. This study provides an effective approach with which to evaluate thermal management in edge-lit LED backlight modules, thereby reducing the time required for development.
Wastewater Treatment Using Artifical Wetlands:The Hydrology and Treatment Performance of Horizontal and Vertical Flow System (1989)

Artificial wetlands for wastewater treatment have mostly been based on horizontal flow systems, either the longitudinal flow trench design, or the transverse flow rootzone method design. An alternative system is described which uses a vertical (up-flow) hydrological design. The hydrology and treatment performance of systems with vertical and horizontal hydrological formats are compared. Experimental up-flow systems provide a high level of treatment with percentage load reductions greater than 75, 95 and 95 for COD, TN and TP respectively. The performance of longitudinal flow trench systems is shown to be generally well below this level of treatment, particularly for TP. It is suggested that wastewater-rootzone contact is responsible for the differences in treatment performance between vertical and horizontal flow systems. Simple horizontal flow systems are by design prone to short-circuiting, particularly of the critical rootzone area, and consequently wastewater-rootzone contact time is reduced. Vertical flow systems minimize short-circuiting and thus increase wastewater-rootzone contact.
Strain-induced enhancement of free-carrier effects in SiGe for optical modulator and VOA applications (2014)

Enhanced free-carrier effects in strained SiGe enable high-efficiency VOA, exhibiting 1/3 of power consumption of Si. The broadband operation from 1.34 to 1.64 μm and error-free operation for 18-dBm 12.5 Gb/s optical signal are obtained.
The Value of Torque Teno Virus (TTV) as a Marker for the Degree of Immunosuppression in Adult Patients after Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation (HSCT) (2019)

Torque teno virus (TTV) is a nonenveloped, single-stranded, circular DNA virus of the family of Anelloviridae. The first contact with TTV usually occurs in early childhood, followed by persistent infection in bone marrow and lymphocytes. Increased levels of TTV-DNA are found in the serum in various states of immune deficiency. The objective of this study was to assess if monitoring of TTV viremia after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) is a predictive marker for immune-related clinical complications. In a retrospective study, 2054 whole-blood samples from 123 patients were tested for viral loads of TTV-DNA by real-time PCR within 345 days after allo-HSCT. We enrolled all patients who underwent allo-HSCT between September 2015 and April 2018. Clinical and laboratory data were collected and statistically analyzed. Patients with an underlying lymphatic malignancy had significantly higher torque teno (TT) viral loads compared with patients with an underlying malignant myeloid disease (P < .05). Complete remission before allo-HSCT correlated significantly with higher TT viral loads after allo-HSCT (P < .05). Myeloablative conditioning regimens led to significantly higher TT viral loads than reduced-intensity conditioning regimens (P < .05). A higher anti-thymocyte globulin (ATG) dose was associated with a significantly higher TT viral load. We did not observe any significant differences of TT viral load correlating with accompanying clinically relevant events such as virus reactivations (cytomegalovirus, Epstein-Barr virus, Adenovirus), acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD), relapse, or death. TT viral load after allo-HSCT did weakly correlate with T cell, T suppressor cell, T helper cell, and natural killer and B cell count. Although statistically significant differences between study groups were observed, virus reactivations, aGVHD, and clinical outcomes could not be predicted by monitoring TTV viremia. Therefore, TTV seems not to be suitable as a marker for the degree of immunosuppression or as a prognostic marker for clinically critical events in patients after allo-HSCT.
On transmission over deletion channels (2001)

In this paper, we develop lower bounds on the achievable rate for deletion channels. Deletion channels occur when symbols are randomly dropped, and a subsequence of the transmitted symbols is received. In deletion channels, unlike erasure channels, there is no side-information about which subsequence is received. We show that the achievable rate in deletion channels differs from that of erasure channels by at ¢¤£¦¥¨§�©�����§�©��¨�¦��� most bits, where §� © is the deletion probability, � is the alphabet size and ¢¤£�¥��� � is the binary entropy function. We also develop lower bounds for the binary deletion channel that improve the bounds reported in the literature. 1
Induction of mixed lymphocyte reaction nonresponsiveness after chimeric thymus transplantation (1990)

Discussion still continues regarding whether self-tolerance is imparted within the thymus by the thymic epithelial cells (TEC) or by the bone marrow-derived (BMD) dendritic cells and macrophages. Many experiments suggest that BMD cells may be the major cells responsible for inducing tolerance within the thymus. In order to address this question and to see whether thymus chimerism could play a role in establishing transplantation tolerance, we looked in the present experiments at the induction of in vitro tolerance after transplantation of chimeric thymuses. Chimeric thymuses were constructed by injecting T-depleted C3H (H2k) bone marrow into lethally irradiated BALB/c (H2d) mice and were thus composed of TEC of BALB/c and BMD cells of C3H origin, something which was verified with immunoperoxidase staining. Subsequently, chimeric thymuses were transplanted into thymectomized BALB/c mice that were lethally irradiated and reconstituted with T-depleted syngeneic BALB/c bone marrow. In 8 out of 11 BALB/c mice this procedure was successful, and in all chimeric thymus graft-bearing mice, specific tolerance for C3H (H2k) antigens was documented in the mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR). These experiments thus show that: (1) immunological tolerance can be imparted by BMD cells in the thymus and (2) the presence of chimerism within the thymus could be one of the mechanisms involved in the establishment or maintenance of transplantation tolerance.
Pitching Ethical Resonance: Andrew McGahan’s The White Earth (2013)

In presenting Andrew McGahan with the Miles Franklin Award in 2005 for his novel The White Earth, the judges note that the author “subjects postcolonial Australia to a searing analysis”. As they go on to say the work “draws on the full resources of the novel as an imaginative form to explore some of the most urgent social and political issues haunting Australians today”. In the short paragraph published on the Award’s website, they mention the two main characters—nine year old William and his patron, his great uncle John McIvor. Throughout the novel the boy carries a festering, almost numbing wound in his ear. “William’s disease”, the judges observe, “is literally the burden of the past”. This essay traces an ethical register in McGahan’s novel, and argues that the historical index entwined in the novel relates not so much to “the burden of the past”, but rather to the burden of a present.
Distribution of MIMO Mutual Information: a Large Deviations Approach (2009)

International audience
Rational targeted therapies to overcome microenvironment-dependent expansion of mantle cell lymphoma (2016)

Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) accumulates in lymphoid organs, but disseminates early on in extranodal tissues. Although proliferation remains located in lymphoid organs only, suggesting a major role of the tumor ecosystem, few studies have assessed MCL microenvironment. We therefore cocultured primary circulating MCL cells from 21 patients several weeks ex vivo with stromal or lymphoid-like (CD40L) cells to determine which interactions could support their proliferation. We showed that coculture with lymphoid-like cells, but not stromal cells, induced cell-cycle progression, which was amplified by MCL-specific cytokines (insulin-like growth factor-1, B-cell activating factor, interleukin-6, interleukin-10). Of interest, we showed that our model recapitulated the MCL in situ molecular signatures (ie, proliferation, NF-κB, and survival signatures). We further demonstrated that proliferating MCL harbored an imbalance in Bcl-2 family expression, leading to a consequent loss of mitochondrial priming. Of interest, this loss of priming was overcome by the type II anti-CD20 antibody obinutuzumab, which counteracted Bcl-x<sub>L</sub> induction through NF-κB inhibition. Finally, we showed that the mitochondrial priming directly correlated with the sensitivity toward venetoclax and alkylating drugs. By identifying the microenvironment as the major support for proliferation and drug resistance in MCL, our results highlight a selective approach to target the lymphoma niche.
Plant peptide deformylase: a novel selectable marker and herbicide target based on essential cotranslational chloroplast protein processing (2007)

Transgenic tobacco plants expressing three different forms of Arabidopsis plant peptide deformylase (AtDEF1.1, AtDEF1.2 and AtDEF2; EC 3.5.1.88) were evaluated for resistance to actinonin, a naturally occurring peptide deformylase inhibitor. Over-expression of either AtDEF1.2 or AtDEF2 resulted in resistance to actinonin, but over-expression of AtDEF1.1 did not. Immunological analyses demonstrated that AtDEF1.2 and AtDEF2 enzymes were present in both stromal and thylakoid fractions in chloroplasts, but AtDEF1.1 was localized to mitochondria. The highest enzyme activity was associated with stromal AtDEF2, which was approximately 180-fold greater than the level of endogenous activity in the host plant. Resistance to actinonin cosegregated with kanamycin resistance in Atdef1.2-D and Atdef2-D transgenic plants. Here, we demonstrate that the combination of plant peptide deformylase and peptide deformylase inhibitors may represent a native gene selectable marker system for chloroplast and nuclear transformation vectors, and also suggest plant peptide deformylase as a potential broad-spectrum herbicide target.
A validated spectrophotometric method for quantification of prenylated flavanones in pacific propolis from Taiwan (2009)

The proposed spectrophotometric procedure is useful for routine analyses of Macaranga-type propolis, because of its simplicity, repeatability and acceptable accuracy. Its application to a number of commercial samples could be used as a basis for standardisation and quality control of Pacific propolis.
Isolation of Light-Enhanced cDNAs of Cercospora kikuchii (1991)

Cercospora kikuchii is a fungal pathogen of soybeans which produces a photosensitizing phytotoxic polyketide metabolite, cercosporin. Cercosporin synthesis in culture is modulated by several environmental factors. In addition to the light requirement for toxin action, cercosporin biosynthesis is also highly light regulated. As a first step towards identifying genes involved in cercosporin regulation and biosynthesis, we have used subtractive hybridization to isolate light-enhanced cDNA clones. Six distinct cDNA clones representing genes from a wild-type C. kikuchii strain for which transcript accumulation is positively regulated by light were isolated. To assess the relationship of these light-enhanced cDNAs to cercosporin biosynthesis, we compared corresponding steady-state RNA levels in the wild type and in three mutant strains altered in toxin biosynthesis. Two of the mutant C. kikuchii strains which fail to accumulate cercosporin in response to light also fail to exhibit light-enhanced accumulation of transcripts corresponding to all six light-enhanced cDNAs. Cercosporin accumulation in the third mutant strain, S2, is regulated by medium composition as well as light. S2 fails to accumulate cercosporin in complete medium, a medium which allows significant cercosporin accumulation by the wild-type strain. When cultured in complete medium, this mutant strain also fails to show the wild-type, light-enhanced accumulation of transcripts corresponding to five of the six light-enhanced cDNAs. Kinetic analysis demonstrated that transcript accumulation for two of the six light-enhanced cDNAs strongly paralleled cercosporin accumulation in light-grown wild-type culture.
Supercontinuum Multiple Frequency Channel Generation for WDM System (2004)

The coherent multiple-frequency channels generation is experimentally demonstrated using two time-delayed, 120 fs pump pulses at 1560 nm. When the pump wavelength is in the anomalous dispersion region far from the zero-dispersion wavelength, stable variable-frequency channels generation using two time delayed pump pulses is achieved.
Base-Catalyzed Depolymerization of Biorefinery Lignins (2016)

Lignocellulosic biorefineries will produce a substantial pool of lignin-enriched residues, which are currently slated to be burned for heat and power. Going forward, however, valorization strategies for residual solid lignin will be essential to the economic viability of modern biorefineries. To achieve these strategies, effective lignin depolymerization processes will be required that can convert specific lignin-enriched biorefinery substrates into products of sufficient value and market size. Base-catalyzed depolymerization (BCD) of lignin using sodium hydroxide and other basic media has been shown to be an effective depolymerization approach when using technical and isolated lignins relevant to the pulp and paper industry. Moreover, to gain insights in the application of BCD to lignin-rich, biofuels-relevant residues, here we apply BCD with sodium hydroxide at two catalyst loadings and temperatures of 270, 300, and 330 °C for 40 min to residual biomass from typical and emerging biochemical conversion processes. We obtained mass balances for each fraction from BCD, and characterized the resulting aqueous and solid residues using gel permeation chromatography, NMR, and GC–MS. When taken together, these results indicate that a significant fraction (45–78%) of the starting lignin-rich material can be depolymerized to low molecular weight, water-soluble species. The yield of the aqueous soluble fraction depends significantly on biomass processing method used prior to BCD. Namely, dilute acid pretreatment results in lower water-soluble yields compared to biomass processing that involves no acid pretreatment. We also find that the BCD product selectivity can be tuned with temperature to give higher yields of methoxyphenols at lower temperature, and a higher relative content of benzenediols with a greater extent of alkylation on the aromatic rings at higher temperature. Our study shows that residual, lignin-rich biomass produced from conventional and emerging biochemical conversion processes can be depolymerized with sodium hydroxide to produce significant yields of low molecular weight aromatics that potentially can be upgraded to fuels or chemicals.
Endothelial function and clinical outcome (2005)

Under pro-atherosclerotic conditions, endothelial cells lose the ability to produce bioactive nitric oxide and demonstrate increased expression of vasoconstrictor, pro-inflammatory, and pro-thrombotic factors. The available evidence suggests that these alterations in endothelial phenotype contribute to the formation, progression, and rupture of atherosclerotic lesions. There currently is great interest in understanding the mechanisms and clinical relevance of these changes in endothelial cell biology, because they could lead to new approaches for the management of patients with atherosclerosis. While it is clear that the endothelium regulates many aspects of vascular homeostasis, current approaches to evaluate local “endothelial function” in humans have been limited to assessment of endothelium dependent vasodilation. In addition, investigators have the ability to measure blood concentrations of various endothelium derived thrombotic and inflammatory factors and, most recently, numbers of endothelial progenitor cells.

The clinical relevance of endothelial dysfunction for cardiovascular disease events is strongly supported by studies in the human coronary circulation showing that impaired endothelium dependent vasodilation in response to acetylcholine or shear stress predicts clinical outcome. For example, more severe impairment of the vasomotor response to intracoronary acetylcholine infusion identifies individuals with increased risk for acute coronary syndromes, cardiovascular death, and stroke.1–4 Impaired flow mediated dilation2 and a more severe constrictor response to the cold pressor test2,5 also predict future cardiovascular events. These findings apply to patients with advanced coronary artery disease2,3 and to individuals with angiographically normal or nearly normal coronary arteries.1,3,5

Although studies in the coronary circulation have the greatest clinical relevance, it is interesting that measures of endothelial function in peripheral arteries also have predictive value for coronary heart disease. For example, impaired endothelium dependent …
Chemerin activates fibroblast-like synoviocytes in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (2011)

The interaction of chemerin and ChemR23 may play an important role in the pathogenesis of RA through the activation of FLSs.
Distal Anastomotic Intimal Hyperplasia: Histocytomorphology, Pathophysiology, Etiology, and Prevention (1999)

The ubiquitous relationship of late graft occlusion, particularly the nonautogenous bypasses and distal anastomotic intimal hyperplasia (DAIH), has been extensively investigated. After having established the specific location of DAIH in human autogenous, biologic and prosthetic late graft occlusion, canine models were designed to elucidate the role of compliance mismatch between graft and the host artery and the configuration of the distal end to side versus end to end anastomosis using autogenous artery. DAIH occurred in all end to side anastomosis but not in side matching end to end anastomosis. Compliance mismatched is not the cause of DAIH development, but it enhances the pathogenesis. Further study using pharmacologic agents to modulate the activities of vascular myoblasts was successful in attenuating DAIH development and progression. Since DAIH occurs through a cascade of events initiated by endothelial lifting of the overlapping processes at the gap junction to allow blood borne elements to enter the subendothelial space, then incites myoblast proliferation and matrix synthesis leading to DAIH formation at the heel and toe where oscillatory flow exists. Control of myoblast activity is needed on a permanent basis to prevent DAIH development and progression. Cessation of treatment allows resurgence of DAIH biogenesis. Direct regulation of vascular myoblast activity preclude the need of inhibiting other source of stimuli that increases as our knowledge of the subject grows. Without the participation of myoblast, there will be no DAIH irrespective of the potency and numbers of enzymatic, hormonal, or mechanical inciting factors.