gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An ontology for scientific information in a Grid environment: the earth system Grid (2003)

In the emerging world of Grid Computing, shared computational, data, other distributed resources are becoming available to enable scientific advancement through collaborative research and collaboratories. This paper describes the increasing role of ontologies in the context of Grid Computing for obtaining, comparing and analyzing data. We present ontology entities and a declarative model that provide the outline for an ontology of scientific information. Relationships between concepts are also given. The implementation of some concepts described in this ontology is discussed within the context of the Earth System Grid II (ESG)[1].
Focused ISAR Imaging of Rotating Target in Far-Field Compact Range Anechoic Chamber (2011)

A case study of a modified Inverse Synthetic Aperture Radar (ISAR) imaging technique for different target geometries in the Far Field RCS measurement Compact Range is presented. The processing applied to the experimental data is a combination of two high resolution processes: dev of High Range Resolution profile (HRR) in the down range using stepped frequency waveform covering a total band of 4GHz, and the development of high resolution profile in cross-range is achieved using ISAR technique. The manuscript shows the use of Polar reformatting algorithm with Shannon reconstruction technique for correcting migration through resolution cells to obtain a better focused image of rotating targets.
Transformation of Flavonoids by Intestinal Microorganisms (2003)

Fruit, vegetables and cereals contain a wealth of secondary plan metabolites which have been implicated in the promotion of health. To understand the mechanism of their action it is necessary to gain more information on their fate in the body following ingestion. A certain proportion of ingested secondary plant constituents may escape absorption in the small intestine and therefore undergo transformation by intestinal microorganisms or enterohepatic circulation. To study the transformation of secondary plant metabolites by bacteria, Eubacterium ramulus was isolated from human feces and incubated with selected flavonoids. E. ramulus is a strictly anaerobic bacterium which was found to be present in the gastrointestinal tract of most individuals investigated. E. ramulus cleaves the ring system of several flavonols and flavones giving rise to the corresponding hydroxyphenylacetic and hydroxyphenylpropionic acids, respectively, as well as acetate and butyrate. Degradation pathways were proposed based on the intermediates detected by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and HPLC coupled with mass spectrometry (LC-MS) and the detection of enzymes that catalyze reactions such as taxifolin isomerization, phloretin hydrolysis and phloroglucinol reduction. The dearomatizing phloroglucinol reductase, presumably part of all flavonoid degradation pathways, was purified and characterized. The gene encoding phloretin hydrolase was cloned from a E. ramulus gene library taking advantage of a newly developed fluorescence test for activity screening. Moreover, a new intermediate was discovered and identified by MS and 1H and 13C NMR analysis as alphitonin. To investigate the degradational potential of E. ramulus under in vivo conditions, germfree rats were associated with E. ramulus. Following the intragastric application of quercetin-3-glucoside, urine and feces of gnotobiotic rats were analyzed for degradational products originating from quercetin-3-glucoside. In feces of rats monoassociated with E. ramulus, 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid was found, indicating that this organism is able to cleave quercetin under in vivo conditions. To investigate in which way the dietary flavonoid content affects the cell counts of E. ramulus in the human intestinal tract, twelve human subjects consumed a flavonoid-free diet for one week and at one point during this period a large dose of flavonoids. Fecal samples from both phases of the study were analyzed by in-situ hybridization for total bacterial counts and counts of E. ramulus. Total cell counts and the cell counts of E. ramulus decreased significantly during the flavonoid-free period, while there was an increase in the E. ramulus counts of up to 10-fold during the flavonoid-rich period indicating that dietary secondary plant metabolites may have an influence on the intestinal microflora. E. ramulus is also capable of converting the isoflavonoids genistein and daidzein to the products 2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-propionic acid and O-desmethylangolensin, respectively.
Nuclei Isolation from Mouse Cardiac Progenitor Cells for Epigenome and Gene Expression Profiling at Single-Cell Resolution (2023)

The developing heart is a complex structure containing various progenitor cells controlled by complex regulatory mechanisms. The examination of the gene expression and chromatin state of individual cells allows the identification of the cell type and state. Single-cell sequencing approaches have revealed a number of important characteristics of cardiac progenitor cell heterogeneity. However, these methods are generally restricted to fresh tissue, which limits studies with diverse experimental conditions, as the fresh tissue must be processed at once in the same run to reduce the technical variability. Therefore, easy and flexible procedures to produce data from methods such as single-nucleus RNA sequencing (snRNA-seq) and the single-nucleus assay for transposase-accessible chromatin with high-throughput sequencing (snATAC-seq) are needed in this area. Here, we present a protocol to rapidly isolate nuclei for subsequent single-nuclei dual-omics (combined snRNA-seq and snATAC-seq). This method allows the isolation of nuclei from frozen samples of cardiac progenitor cells and can be combined with platforms that use microfluidic chambers.
Growth of Single-Crystalline ZnO Nano-/Microstructures: Vertically Aligned Nanowires on ZnO/Si Substrate and Microtubes on Al2O3 Substrate (2005)

Extract HTML view is not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button. Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2005 in Honolulu, Hawaii, USA, July 31--August 4, 2005
Immunoglobulin production in Epstein-Barr virus-induced human monoclonal lymphoblastoid cell lines. (1980)

In order to establish clonal human lymphoblastoid cell lines, human tonsillar lymphocytes infected with Epstein-Barr virus were directly seeded in semi-solid agar. After four weeks, resulting colonies were randomly isolated and transferred to suspension culture. At around three months after the initiation of the culture, immunoglobulin (Ig) production of 17 clones thus established was determined. Cytoplasmic and membrane Ig were detected by immunofluorescence staining and secretory Ig in the culture supernatants was detected by double immunodiffusion. The patterns of Ig production by these cell lines were clear-cut. Each clone produced and secreted one class of heavy chains and one type of light chains, i.e., a single Ig. Of 17 clones, 13 clones were IgM producers, 3 clones were IgA producers and one clone was an IgG producer. Membrane Ig of these clones was also identical with cytoplasmic/secretory Ig with the exceptions of three IgM producers in which membrane IgD as well as IgM was detected and the one IgG producer in which no membrane Ig was detected.
Towards experimental validation of full-wave precompensation for laser telecommunications (2011)

We designed an optical bench to demonstrate full-wave precompensation for laser telecommunications. This technique requires a device performing time reversed waves. We propose and characterize a solution to realize such a function.
Progress and perspective of metal phosphide/carbon heterostructure anodes for rechargeable ion batteries (2021)

This review summarized recent advances of metal phosphides/carbon composite as anode for rechargeable ion batteries, providing an in-depth understanding of contribution of carbon materials into the electrochemical performance in metal phosphides.
Lattice Reduction-Aided Preprocessing and Detection Techniques for MU-MIMO in Broadcast Channel (2011)

Block diagonalization (BD) is one of the most effective preprocessing techniques for multiuser multi-input multi-output (MU-MIMO) systems. By using BD the MU-MIMO broadcast channel can be decomposed into multiple parallel independent SU-MIMO channels through two singular value decomposition (SVD) operations. Complex lattice reduction (CLR) is another technique that aims to enforce orthogonality between the columns of the channel matrix and reduce its size as well. In this paper, only the first SVD is adopted to obtain parallel SU-MIMO channels with zero interference, the orthogonalization and size-reduction work are left for the CLR algorithm so that a modification of the channel matrix is carried out, resulting in a better precoding and detection performances. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm greatly outperforms conventional BD detection and linear precoding techniques.
Chemoprevention using dutasteride: the REDUCE trial (2004)

Proof of principle has been demonstrated by the Prostate Cancer Prevention Trial that a chemoprevention strategy using a hormonal agent such as a 5alpha-reductase inhibitor can be effective. The REDUCE trial will use the dual 5alpha-reductase inhibitor dutasteride in a group of men identified at increased risk of developing prostate cancer to determine if this will be an effective chemoprevention strategy.
Table S1 from Membrane-Depolarizing Channel Blockers Induce Selective Glioma Cell Death by Impairing Nutrient Transport and Unfolded Protein/Amino Acid Responses (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Small molecule screen data&lt;/p&gt;
Comparison of propranolol, diltiazem, and nifedipine in the treatment of ambulatory ischemia in patients with stable angina. Differential effects on ambulatory ischemia, exercise performance, and anginal symptoms. The ASIS Study Group. (1990)

Episodes of transient myocardial ischemia during ambulatory activities are common in patients with stable coronary artery disease and who are often asymptomatic. Selection of therapy for episodes of asymptomatic ischemia is limited by a lack of direct comparative studies. To determine the most effective monotherapy for patients with stable angina and a high frequency of asymptomatic ischemic episodes, propranolol-LA (mean daily dose, 293 mg), diltiazem-SR (mean daily dose, 350 mg), nifedipine (mean daily dose, 79 mg) were each compared with placebo, each for 2 weeks, in a randomized, double-blinded, crossover trial. Entry criteria were a positive exercise treadmill test during placebo therapy characterized by 1.0 mm or more ST segment depression and angina pectoris, and six or more episodes of transient ST segment depression of 1.0 mm or more on a 48-hour ambulatory electrocardiogram. One hundred ninety-four patients were screened, 63 were eligible and received randomized therapy, of which 56 patients completed at least two of the four treatment periods and were included in an intent-to-treat analysis. Fifty patients completed all four treatment phases and were included in the protocol-completed analysis. Anti-ischemia efficacy was assessed by 48-hour ambulatory electrocardiographic monitoring, exercise treadmill tests, and anginal diaries. Ninety-four percent of all episodes of ambulatory ischemia were asymptomatic. Compared with placebo, only propranolol was associated with a marked reduction in all manifestations of asymptomatic ischemia during ambulatory electrocardiographic monitoring (2.3 versus 1.0 episodes/24 hr; mean duration of ischemia per 24 hours, 43.6 versus 5.7 minutes; both p less than 0.0001). Diltiazem's reduction of the frequency of episodes compared with placebo (2.3 versus 1.9 episodes/24 hr) was associated with a trend (p = 0.08) in the protocol-completed analysis and with a significant reduction in the intent-to-treat analysis (p = 0.03). Nifedipine had no significant effect on any measured variable of ambulatory ischemia. The dosages of medication used may have been excessive for some patients, and a more beneficial effect may have been evident at a lower dose. In contrast to the marked effects of the active agents on ambulatory asymptomatic ischemia, the effects on exercise performance and angina pectoris were slight. The active agents modestly improved treadmill exercise duration time until 1 mm ST segment depression (3%), and only propranolol and diltiazem had significant effects. Only diltiazem significantly prolonged the total exercise time. Anginal frequency was significantly decreased by both propranolol and diltiazem.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Fractal dimension: analyzing its potential as a neuroimaging biomarker for brain tumor diagnosis using machine learning (2023)

<b>Purpose:</b> The main purpose of this study was to comprehensively investigate the potential of fractal dimension (FD) measures in discriminating brain gliomas into low-grade glioma (LGG) and high-grade glioma (HGG) by examining tumor constituents and non-tumorous gray matter (GM) and white matter (WM) regions. <b>Methods:</b> Retrospective magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data of 42 glioma patients (LGG, n = 27 and HGG, n = 15) were used in this study. Using MRI, we calculated different FD measures based on the general structure, boundary, and skeleton aspects of the tumorous and non-tumorous brain GM and WM regions. Texture features, namely, angular second moment, contrast, inverse difference moment, correlation, and entropy, were also measured in the tumorous and non-tumorous regions. The efficacy of FD features was assessed by comparing them with texture features. Statistical inference and machine learning approaches were used on the aforementioned measures to distinguish LGG and HGG patients. <b>Results:</b> FD measures from tumorous and non-tumorous regions were able to distinguish LGG and HGG patients. Among the 15 different FD measures, the general structure FD values of enhanced tumor regions yielded high accuracy (93%), sensitivity (97%), specificity (98%), and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) score (98%). Non-tumorous GM skeleton FD values also yielded good accuracy (83.3%), sensitivity (100%), specificity (60%), and AUC score (80%) in classifying the tumor grades. These measures were also found to be significantly (<i>p</i> < 0.05) different between LGG and HGG patients. On the other hand, among the 25 texture features, enhanced tumor region features, namely, contrast, correlation, and entropy, revealed significant differences between LGG and HGG. In machine learning, the enhanced tumor region texture features yielded high accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, and AUC score. <b>Conclusion:</b> A comparison between texture and FD features revealed that FD analysis on different aspects of the tumorous and non-tumorous components not only distinguished LGG and HGG patients with high statistical significance and classification accuracy but also provided better insights into glioma grade classification. Therefore, FD features can serve as potential neuroimaging biomarkers for glioma.
DANPOS: Dynamic analysis of nucleosome position and occupancy by sequencing (2012)

Recent developments in next-generation sequencing have enabled whole-genome profiling of nucleosome organizations. Although several algorithms for inferring nucleosome position from a single experimental condition have been available, it remains a challenge to accurately define dynamic nucleosomes associated with environmental changes. Here, we report a comprehensive bioinformatics pipeline, DANPOS, explicitly designed for dynamic nucleosome analysis at single-nucleotide resolution. Using both simulated and real nucleosome data, we demonstrated that bias correction in preliminary data processing and optimal statistical testing significantly enhances the functional interpretation of dynamic nucleosomes. The single-nucleotide resolution analysis of DANPOS allows us to detect all three categories of nucleosome dynamics, such as position shift, fuzziness change, and occupancy change, using a uniform statistical framework. Pathway analysis indicates that each category is involved in distinct biological functions. We also analyzed the influence of sequencing depth and suggest that even 200-fold coverage is probably not enough to identify all the dynamic nucleosomes. Finally, based on nucleosome data from the human hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and mouse embryonic stem cells (ESCs), we demonstrated that DANPOS is also robust in defining functional dynamic nucleosomes, not only in promoters, but also in distal regulatory regions in the mammalian genome.
Advances in genosensor research (1995)

Abstract Microfabricated devices containing arrays of nucleic acid hybridization sites, known as genosensors, are being developed for a variety of uses in genomic analysis. A great deal of the overall genosensor development effort involves optimization of experimental conditions in the actual use of genosensors. Here we describe a "low-tech" form of genosensor technology, involving arrays of oligonucleotides on glass microscope slides, which can be used to define optimal operating conditions and to develop applications of hybridization arrays in genome mapping and sequencing. In addition, we describe a porous silicon genosensor, which can be operated in a flowthrough mode, and discuss its advantages over current flat-surface designs. Porous silicon genosensors containing arrays of DNA fragments offer several unique capabilities in genome analysis.
High carbon-resistant nickel supported on yttria–zirconia catalysts for syngas production by dry reforming of methane: The promoting effect of cesium (2023)

Dry reforming of methane (DRM) is a highly researched process for conversion of methane into syngas that consumes the greenhouse gas (CO2). In this work, the promotional effect of cesium on yttria-zirconia-supported nickel catalysts is studied, for the first time, in DRM. Cs loading was varied from 0.5 to 4.0 wt% and fresh materials were characterized by N2 sorption, XRD, TPR, and TEM, while spent catalysts were examined by TEM, Raman spectroscopy, and TGA after catalytic testing. Interestingly, cesium improved carbon resistance of the catalysts. It was shown that addition of up to 1.0 wt% Cs resulted in formation of 13–14 nm nanoparticles in strong interaction with the support, which prevented their sintering during reaction. In this case, hydrogen yield exceeded 75% after 420 min on stream, and this value was higher than those reported in literature for the same loading of other promoters like cerium and barium. However, as the amount of cesium surpassed 1.0 wt%, catalytic performance was lowered, even below that of Cs-free sample and this can be assigned to a possible coverage of active sites by excess cesium. An optimum range of 0.5–1.0 wt% was thus determined for a good performance in dry reforming of methane.
Solid Reaction in the MgO Excess Region of the System MgO-TiO<sub>2</sub>-Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> (1992)

In a permeable MgO ceramic containing TiO2 and Al2O3 as matrix MgO⋅Al2O3-2MgO⋅TiO2 solid solutions were detected and no Al2O3⋅TiO2 was observed. Therefore, the solid state reaction among MgO, TiO2 and Al2O3 with excess MgO was studied at various firing temperatures. The formation mechanism of MgO⋅Al2O3-2MgO⋅TiO2 solid solutions was studied from the results of interface reactions between MgO-TiO2 and MgO-Al2O3. MgO⋅Al2O3-2MgO⋅TiO2 solid solutions were detected at 1573-1673K and increased with the firing temperature. 2MgO⋅TiO2 was formed in the system MgO-TiO2, but was not produced in the system MgO-TiO2-Al2O3, because the amount of Mg diffusion at the interface of aggregate and matrix additives was not enough due to the large aggregate size of MgO. MgO⋅Al2O3 and 2MgO⋅TiO2 formed at the interface between MgO-TiO2 and MgO-Al2O3 decreased with the firing time at 1873K. On the other hand, MgO⋅Al2O3-2MgO⋅TiO2 solid solutions increased. Mg was recognized in the matrix without addition of MgO as a matrix. Al diffused in the layer of MgO-TiO2, in opposition Ti diffused in the layer of MgO-Al2O3 by EPMA analysis. From the above results, the formation mechanism of a MgO⋅Al2O3-2MgO⋅TiO2 solid solution was proposed; (1) Mg diffusion at the interface of MgO aggregate and matrix additives, (2) formation of MgO⋅TiO2 and MgO⋅Al2O3, (3) formation of 2MgO⋅TiO2 due to the reaction with MgO⋅TiO2 and MgO, (4) reaction of the solid solution with MgO⋅Al2O3 and 2MgO⋅TiO2. In the reactions between MgO-TiO2 and MgO-Al2O3 the product layer of MgO⋅Al2O3-2MgO⋅TiO2 solid solution increased as the firing time increased. The diffusion coefficient of Mg was about 4.8×10-7(cm2/s), in a good agreement with that of Mg which was reported.
Licensing e-content and OA: results and perspectives from the South of Europe. (2005)

World is global, and licensing e- content is an activity with a lot of similarities among different countries, but (world is also local) with some dissimilarities. The model prices made in US or UK could be not applicable in other countries and the effects of the 'Big Deal' can differ. The briefing will present how licensing e- content in Portugal, Spain, Italy, Greece and Turkey is evolving.
Validation of the French version of the Amsterdam preoperative anxiety and information scale (APAIS) (2013)

The French version of the APAIS is valid and reliable. The availability of this tool enables the evaluation of anxiety in French patients undergoing anaesthesia.
From tools to theories: A heuristic of discovery in cognitive psychology. (1991)

The study of scientific discovery--where do new ideas come from? has long been denigrated by philosophers as irrelevant to analyzing the growth of scientific knowledge. In particular, little is known about how cognitive theories are discovered, and neither the classical accounts of discovery as either probabilistic induction (e.g., Reichenbach, 1938) or lucky guesses (e.g., Popper, 1959), nor the stock anecdotes about sudden eureka moments deepen the insight into discovery. A heuristics approach is taken in this review, where heuristics are understood as strategies of discovery less general than a supposed unique logic of discovery but more general than lucky guesses. This article deals with how scientists' tools shape theories of mind, in particular with how methods of statistical inference have turned into metaphors of mind. The tools-to-theories heuristic explains the emergence of a broad range of cognitive theories, from the cognitive revolution of the 1960s up to the present, and it can be used to detect both limitations and new lines of development in current cognitive theories that investigate the mind as an intuitive statistician.
ChemInform Abstract: CADMIUM‐111, CADMIUM‐113 AND MERCURY‐199 NMR STUDIES OF TETRAHALOMETALLATE COMPLEXES (1981)

Abstract Die Cd‐ und Hg‐NMR‐Spektren werden für Lösungen der Komplexe (I) und Mischungen der Tetrahalometallatkomplexe mit gleichem Übergangsmetall aber verschiedenen Halogenliganden in Dichlormethan aufgenommen.
Optimal scheduling algorithm for distributed-memory machines (1998)

Task Scheduling is one of the key elements in any distributed-memory machine (DMM), and an efficient algorithm can help reduce the interprocessor communication time. As optimal scheduling of tasks to DMMs is a strong NP-hard problem, many heuristic algorithms have been introduced in the literature. This paper presents a Task Duplication based Scheduling (TDS) algorithm which can schedule directed acyclic graphs (DAGs) with a complexity of O(|V|/sup 2/), where |V| is the number of tasks in the DAG. This algorithm generates an optimal schedule for a class of DAGs which satisfy a simple cost relationship. The performance of the algorithm has been observed by its application to some practical DAGs, and by comparing it with other existing scheduling schemes in terms of the schedule length and algorithm complexity.