gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Sound design: an applied, experimental framework to study the perception of everyday sounds (2014)

Mutations in late 20th-century sound design have transformed it from an empirical know-how into a full-fledged research field, with applications in the domain of everyday sound perception. This evolution leads us to propose an updated definition and a new description of the sound design process. Our updated definition, namely ‘making intentions audible’, is based on two types of intentions, one, essential, of function, and the other of form. We describe here three types of intentions of function, able to communicate information through an artifact. We then give a new description of the overall sound design process, as a combination of three steps (analysing, creating and testing), which articulate sound perception and sound design. Our first claim here is that the sound design process should be informed by knowledge, research and exploration of everyday sound perception; several industrial examples thereof will be presented. Our second claim is that sound design should be used to inform everyday sound perception research, both by suggesting new informative experiments and raising new methodological issues, ranging from sound design tools to experimental setups that need to be implemented specifically in the framework of sonic interaction design.
The oligodendrocyte, the perinodal astrocyte, and the central node of Ranvier (1995)

Abstract The central role of Ranvier is a complex structure involves three cellular elements: the axon, the oligodendrocyte, and the perinodal astrocyte. This chapter examines the interaction of these three cell types at central node of Ranvier. It begins by examining the mechanism that regulates the development of the myelinated tracts that have properties that optimize the number of axonal functions. It then considers the molecular structure of the axon membrane, and the glial-axonal interactions that participate in the development of the axon membrane. It looks at the relationship between astrocytes and the central nervous system myelinated fibers.
Peripheral Immunization Blocks Lethal Actions of Vesicular Stomatitis Virus within the Brain (2009)

Vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) is the prototype virus for 75 or more negative-strand RNA viruses in the rhabdovirus family. Some of these viruses, including VSV, can cause neurological impairment or death upon brain infection. VSV has shown promise in the prevention and treatment of disease as a vaccine vector and an oncolytic virus, but infection of the brain remains a concern. Three VSV variants, the wild-type-related VSV-G/GFP and two attenuated viruses, VSV-CT1 and VSV-CT9-M51, were compared for neuroinvasiveness and neuromorbidity. In nonimmunized mice, direct VSV-G/GFP injection into the brain invariably resulted in lethal encephalitis; in contrast, partial survival was seen after direct injection of the attenuated VSV strains. In addition, both attenuated VSV strains showed significantly reduced neuroinvasiveness after intranasal inoculation of young postnatal day 16 mice. Of the three tested variants, VSV-CT9-M51 generated the lowest degree of neuropathology. Despite its attenuated state, peripheral inoculations of VSV-CT9-M51 targeted and killed human glioblastoma implanted into the mouse brain. Importantly, we show here that intranasal or intramuscular immunization prevents the lethal effects of subsequent VSV-G/GFP, VSV-CT1, and VSV-CT9-M51 injections into the brain. These results indicate that attenuated recombinant viruses show reduced neurovirulence and that peripheral immunization blocks the lethal actions of all VSVs tested.
Supplementary figure 4 from Tumor-Derived GM-CSF Promotes Granulocyte Immunosuppression in Mesothelioma Patients (2023)

&lt;p&gt;GM-CSF drives ROS release in granulocytes&lt;/p&gt;
Synthesis and Characterization of N-benzoyl-N′-carboxyalkyl Substituted Thiourea Derivatives (2003)

Abstract N-Benzoyl-N'-carboxyl substituted thiourea derivatives (I-X) have been synthesized by the reaction of benzoyl isothiocyanate with amino acids. Their structures are confirmed by IR, 1 HNMR, and elemental analysis. The reaction conditions are experimentally investigated, and the preliminary biological tests show that some of the compounds have excellent plant growth promotion activities. Keywords: Amino AcidN-benzoyl-N′-carboxyl Substituted ThioureaSynthesis
Capacity of wireless erasure networks (2006)

In this paper, a special class of wireless networks, called wireless erasure networks, is considered. In these networks, each node is connected to a set of nodes by possibly correlated erasure channels. The network model incorporates the broadcast nature of the wireless environment by requiring each node to send the same signal on all outgoing channels. However, we assume there is no interference in reception. Such models are therefore appropriate for wireless networks where all information transmission is packetized and where some mechanism for interference avoidance is already built in. This paper looks at multicast problems over these networks. The capacity under the assumption that erasure locations on all the links of the network are provided to the destinations is obtained. It turns out that the capacity region has a nice max-flow min-cut interpretation. The definition of cut-capacity in these networks incorporates the broadcast property of the wireless medium. It is further shown that linear coding at nodes in the network suffices to achieve the capacity region. Finally, the performance of different coding schemes in these networks when no side information is available to the destinations is analyzed
An Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Sorbents in the Remediation of Soil Contaminated with Zinc (2018)

Zinc exerts negative effects on soil and contributing to the degradation of soil ecosystems. New solutions for restoring healthy soil activity are therefore needed. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of sorbents in the biological remediation of soil contaminated with zinc. A pot experiment was conducted on loamy sand. The tested plant was maize (<i>Zea mays</i>). Soil was contaminated with zinc chloride doses of 0, 100, 300, and 900 mg Zn<sup>2+</sup> kg<sup>-1</sup> DM soil (dry matter of soil). Alginate, biochar, sepiolite, calcined halloysite, and a molecular sieve were added to soil in amounts corresponding to 2.5% of soil weight to minimize zinc's potentially toxic effects on the biological properties of soil. The application of zinc stimulated the proliferation of all analyzed microbial groups. Zinc exerted negative effects on the ecophysiological diversity (EP) of fungi and the activity of dehydrogenases, catalase, and acid phosphatase. The applied sorbents modified the microbiological and biochemical properties of soil. In zinc-contaminated soil, alginate, biochar, and molecular sieve increased the counts of organotrophic, oligotrophic, and actinobacteria. Sorbents were not highly effective in promoting fungal growth and exerted varied effects on the activity of soil enzymes. The molecular sieve stimulated the activity of all soil enzymes, excluding β-glucosidase. Alginate minimized the negative influence of zinc on dehydrogenases and acid phosphatase, and biochar-on catalase, sepiolite, and calcined halloysite -on acid phosphatase. By modifying the biological properties of soil, the tested sorbents contributed to an increase in maize yields and a decrease in zinc uptake by maize plants.
Multi-Qubit Registers of Individually Addressable Solid-State Defect Centers (2019)

Mesoscopic ensembles of qubits offer a platform for near-term applications in quantum technologies, as well as for studying many-body physics. Key in exploiting these systems is the ability to coherently control constituent qubits in a manner that leaves the quantum states of neighboring qubits unperturbed. Atom-like emitters in solids [1] have emerged as a promising platform for computing, communications, and sensing. In particular, their long coherence times, coherent optical transitions, and the ability to couple to nearby long-lived nuclear spins make them excellent candidates for building medium-scale registers of coupled qubits.
Why Are Some Properties More Difficult To Predict than Others? A Study of QSPR Models of Solubility, Melting Point, and Log P (2008)

This paper attempts to elucidate differences in QSPR models of aqueous solubility (Log S), melting point (Tm), and octanol-water partition coefficient (Log P), three properties of pharmaceutical interest. For all three properties, Support Vector Machine models using 2D and 3D descriptors calculated in the Molecular Operating Environment were the best models. Octanol-water partition coefficient was the easiest property to predict, as indicated by the RMSE of the external test set and the coefficient of determination (RMSE = 0.73, r2 = 0.87). Melting point prediction, on the other hand, was the most difficult (RMSE = 52.8 degrees C, r2 = 0.46), and Log S statistics were intermediate between melting point and Log P prediction (RMSE = 0.900, r2 = 0.79). The data imply that for all three properties the lack of measured values at the extremes is a significant source of error. This source, however, does not entirely explain the poor melting point prediction, and we suggest that deficiencies in descriptors used in melting point prediction contribute significantly to the prediction errors.
Supplementary Figure 2 from Erlotinib Resistance in Lung Cancer Cells Mediated by Integrin β1/Src/Akt-Driven Bypass Signaling (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF - 163K, A, Establishment of stable integrinβ1-overexpressing cell lines (PC9/ITG2 and PC9/ITG11) or control cDNA transfected cell line (PC9/Mock) from PC9 cells by transfection with integrinβ1 cDNA. B, The effect of integrinβ1 overexpression on erlotinib sensitivity. Transfectants were treated with erlotinib for 3 days, and the IC50 values (μM) for erlotinib were 0.04 (PC9/Mock), 0.09 (PC9/ITG2), and 0.10 (PC9/ITG11). C, Western blots showing the expression and phosphorylation of EGFR, integrinβ1, Akt, and Erk1/2 following exposure to erlotinib for 5 hr.&lt;/p&gt;
Evaluation of toxicity effects of asafetida on biochemical, hematological, and histological parameters in male wistar rats (2015)

Asafetida did not show any acute toxicity, but chronic administration could have undesirable effects on hepatocytes and hematological factors.
SATURN - Software Deobfuscation Framework Based On LLVM (2019)

The strength of obfuscated software has increased over the recent years. Compiler based obfuscation has become the de facto standard in the industry and recent papers also show that injection of obfuscation techniques is done at the compiler level. In this paper we discuss a generic approach for deobfuscation and recompilation of obfuscated code based on the compiler framework LLVM. We show how binary code can be lifted back into the compiler intermediate language LLVM-IR and explain how we recover the control flow graph of an obfuscated binary function with an iterative control flow graph construction algorithm based on compiler optimizations and satisfiability modulo theories (SMT) solving. Our approach does not make any assumptions about the obfuscated code, but instead uses strong compiler optimizations available in LLVM and Souper Optimizer to simplify away the obfuscation. Our experimental results show that this approach can be effective to weaken or even remove the applied obfuscation techniques like constant unfolding, certain arithmetic-based opaque expressions, dead code insertions, bogus control flow or integer encoding found in public and commercial obfuscators. The recovered LLVM-IR can be further processed by custom deobfuscation passes that are now applied at the same level as the injected obfuscation techniques or recompiled with one of the available LLVM backends. The presented work is implemented in a deobfuscation tool called SATURN.
Current-phase relation and phase-dependent conductance of superconducting point contacts from rf impedance measurements (1976)

The rf impedance of superconducting point contacts has been measured as a function of the quantum-mechanical phase difference $\ensuremath{\varphi}$ across the point contact. By representing the point contact as a parallel combination of an inductor $\mathfrak{L}(\ensuremath{\varphi})=(\frac{\ensuremath{\hbar}}{2e}){(\frac{\ensuremath{\partial}{I}_{p}}{\ensuremath{\partial}\ensuremath{\varphi}})}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ and a resistor $R\ensuremath{\equiv}\frac{1}{G(\ensuremath{\varphi})}$ the current-phase relation ${I}_{p}(\ensuremath{\varphi})$ and the phase-dependent conductance $G(\ensuremath{\varphi})$ have been determined from measurements at 30 MHz on phase-biased niobium point contacts. For point contacts with sufficiently small critical current ${I}_{c}$, the inductance was $\mathfrak{L}(\ensuremath{\varphi})=\frac{\ensuremath{\hbar}}{2e{I}_{c}cos\ensuremath{\varphi}}$ yielding the expected negative inductance branch for $\frac{\ensuremath{\pi}}{2}\ensuremath{\le}\ensuremath{\varphi}\ensuremath{\le}\ensuremath{\pi}$ and a sinusoidal current-phase relation. For larger critical currents there were departures from the sinusoidal form for the measured ${I}_{p}(\ensuremath{\varphi})$. There was a phase-dependent conductance that is an increasing function of $\ensuremath{\varphi}$ corresponding to a negative coefficient for the $cos\ensuremath{\varphi}$ term in the Josephson current.
Structure of the lymphatic microcirculation in the human urinary bladder with different intraluminal pressure and distension. (1996)

The localization, morphology and fine structure of initial lymphatic vessels in the mucosa of the empty and distended urinary bladder were studied. Endoscopic transurethral biopsies of the empty (collapsed) bladder showed under light and electron microscopy numerous intramural lymphatics with a dilated lumen and thin profile. Contacts between endothelial cells were single, overlapping, interlocking, and open while the perivascular connective tissue was filled by fascicles of collagen fibers. In the most superficial layer (subepithelial mucosa), lymphatics were not seen. Biopsies obtained under elevated intraluminal pressure and distension showed on light and electron microscopy lymphatic vessels with small lumens characteristically reduced to irregular slits. Endothelial cell contacts were simple or overlapping; open junctions were rare. The perivascular connective tissue was dense and collagen and elastic fibers often abutted one another. These findings support that with a distended or expanded urinary bladder, the effect of increased intraluminal pressure on the superficial (mucosal) layer radially pulls on the connective tissue that in turn compresses the initial lymphatics thereby restricting lymph transport.
Abstract 624: A case control study of benign breast disease and breast cancer among indigenous African women (2019)

Purpose: To determine the association between benign breast disease (BBD) and breast cancer and if BBD is a mediator of the association between established risk factors and breast cancer among native African womenMethods: We analysed data from 5154 women who participated in a case control study (2405 cases and 2749 controls) between March 1998 and December 2014 in three sub Saharan African countries: Nigeria (n= 4233), Uganda (n=477) and Cameroon (n=444). Breast cancer cases aged 18 years and older were enrolled in two tertiary hospitals in the two countries, unselected for age at diagnosis and family history. Controls who were free of breast cancer were enrolled in the same hospitals. Interviews were conducted to obtain data on potential epidemiological risk factors for breast cancer. We determined the association between breast cancer, history of BBD, age at diagnosis and types of BBD using logistic regression, while adjusting for socio-demographic characteristics and established risk factors. In addition, we estimated the proportion of the effects of other established risk factors mediated by BBD in the etiology of breast cancer.Results: Less than a tenth (8.1%, 420) of the study participants reported having a history of BBD, 87 of the 420 reported a biopsy diagnosed BBD. Among breast cancer cases, the proportions of BBD and biopsy-confirmed BBD were 10.4% and 3.8%, respectively, compared to 6.3% and 1.3% among controls (both p<0.001). Fibroadenoma (n=100, 45.2%) was the most commonly reported type of benign breast disease, followed by breast cyst (n=31, 15.2%) and fibrocystic diseases (n=19, 10.1%). Overall, the adjusted odds ratio of having breast cancer for those with benign breast disease relative to those without was 1.42 (95% CI 1.13-1.79). The odds ratios were also significantly higher among premenopausal (OR = 1.45, 95% CI: 1.07-1.95) and postmenopausal women (OR = 1.49, 95% CI 1.02-2.19). The proportion mediated by BBD in the association between age at menarche and breast cancer was 13.7%. Less than 1% of the effects of other risk factors that we examined was mediated by BBD.Conclusions: Benign breast disease is a risk factor for breast cancer among women in SSA. The mediator role of BBD in the effects of established risk factors on breast cancer risk appears very minimal.Citation Format: BABATUNDE ADEDOKUN, Stella Odedina, Oladosu Ojengbede, Adeyinka Ademola, Temidayo Ogundiran, Dezheng Huo, Olufunmilayo Olopade, Imaria Agwai, Timothy Makumbi, Paul Ndom, Antony Gakwaya. A case control study of benign breast disease and breast cancer among indigenous African women [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 624.
A multi-step continuous flow synthesis of the cystic fibrosis medicine ivacaftor (2018)

A continuous flow ozonolysis method combined with a multi-step flow sequence is developed for the synthesis of the drug ivacaftor for the first time.
Steroid Receptors in the Pregnant Uterus* (2020)

In this chapter, the author briefly reviews current theories of the mechanism of steroid hormone action. The distribution of estrogen (E) and progesterone (P) receptors in the pregnant uterus, cervix, and placenta is described, followed by a discussion of the changes in E and P receptor concentrations during pregnancy and the initiation of labor. Evidence for the presence of glucocorticoid receptor systems in the uterus and feto-placental unit is described in the context of the possible role of glucocorticoids in the onset of parturition. The hormone-receptor complexes undergo a process termed “activation” that results in an enhanced affinity for chromatin. The binding of the activated receptor to the chromatin leads, through a process that is as yet poorly understood, to the initiation of new nucleic acid and protein synthesis. The methods for measurement and analysis of steroid receptors depend on the reversible binding of radiolabeled ligands to the receptors, with subsequent determination of the macromo-lecular-bound radioactivity.
Next Generation Respiratory Viral Vaccine System: Advanced and Emerging Bioengineered Human Lung Epithelia Model (HLEM) Organoid Technology (2010)

Acute respiratory infections, including pneumonia and influenza, are the S t leading cause of United States and worldwide deaths. Newly emerging pathogens signaled the need for an advanced generation of vaccine technology.. Human bronchial-tracheal epithelial tissue was bioengineered to detect, identify, host and study the pathogenesis of acute respiratory viral disease. The 3-dimensional (3D) human lung epithelio-mesechymal tissue-like assemblies (HLEM TLAs) share characteristics with human respiratory epithelium: tight junctions, desmosomes, microvilli, functional markers villin, keratins and production of tissue mucin. Respiratory Syntial Virus (RSV) studies demonstrate viral growth kinetics and membrane bound glycoproteins up to day 20 post infection in the human lung-orgainoid infected cell system. Peak replication of RSV occurred on day 10 at 7 log10 particles forming units per ml/day. HLEM is an advanced virus vaccine model and biosentinel system for emergent viral infectious diseases to support DoD global surveillance and military readiness.
Contrast administration in pediatric cardiac catheterization: Dose and adverse events (2008)

A large volume pediatric cardiac catheterization lab administered >or= 6 cm(3)/kg of contrast in a quarter of cases; however, AE related to contrast exposure were exceedingly rare.
Application and assessment of a GPU-based LES method for predicting dynamic wind loads on buildings (2021)

This study presents the assessment of a fast Large Eddy Simulation method for estimating dynamic wind loads on buildings using a GPU-based CFD software, which produces statistically converged results on a nine-million-cell mesh in approximately 6 hours. The surface pressure distribution of a cuboid building model was validated with experimental data obtained in an atmospheric boundary layer wind tunnel and compared with field measurements. Although due to the applied equidistant Cartesian grid the large gradients near the edges are not fully resolved, good overall agreement was found for the mean and fluctuating pressure distributions (correlation coefficient: 0.90/0.73, FAC2: 0.92/0.98, FB: −/0.06, MG: −/0.95, NMSE: −/0.10, VG: −/1.08). It was shown that the numerical model is able to produce matching turbulent spectra in an intermediate frequency range within the inertial subrange, limited by the domain size and the spatial resolution. Mesh refinement for capturing large gradients as well as for expanding the frequency limits can be achieved by using a GPU with higher VRAM capacity for the simulation. The continuing advancement of the presented model is a promising development for estimating dynamic wind loads on buildings and identifying design problems fast enough for the engineering practice, without high-performance computing.
Seed Size, Ginning Rate, and Net Ginning Energy Requirement in Upland Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) (2021)

Nine diverse Upland cotton cultivars and germplasm lines differing in seed size were planted at two locations at Stoneville, MS in 2015, 2016, and 2017. ‘AR 9317-26’ and ‘DP 555 BG/RR’ were classified as small with a seed index (SI) &lt; 10 g. ‘FM 832’, ‘FM 966’, and ‘MD 15’ had SI ranging from 10 to 12 g and were classified as intermediate seed size. ‘TAM 182-34 ELS’ and three other breeding lines: ‘201-2’, ‘107-1’, and ‘152-1’ had large seeds with SI &gt; 12 g. The seeds were planted in three replications at two sites at Stoneville, MS. Data were collected on ginning energy requirement (Wh kg-1 lint), ginning rate (g lint s-1), and other agronomic and quality traits. The objectives of the test were to determine the effect of seed size on the above parameters. Statistical analyses were performed using Proc GLM. Simple Pearson’s correlation tests and regression analyses were conducted to test the relationships between SI and these traits. Covariance estimates were calculated using Proc GLIMMIX to determine the direction of linear relationships. Differences in SI were highly significant among cultivars. SI was positively and significantly correlated with ginning rate but significantly and negatively correlated with ginning energy requirement. Significant and negative relationships were observed between SI and fiber uniformity, lint yield, lint turnout, and number of seeds per kg. Significant and positive relationships were observed between SI and fiber strength, fuzz percentage, and seed surface area. Relationships among SI and micronaire, fineness, and fiber length were minor.