gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Wrist Rehabilitation System Using Augmented Reality for Hemiplegic Stroke Patient Rehabilitation: A Feasibility Study (2019)

Objective: Our objective was to investigate the effect of the rehabilitation system using augmented reality (AR) on upper extremity motor performance of patients with stroke. Methods: The system using AR applying mirror therapy mechanism provides the intervention protocol for the patient with hemiplegia after stroke. The system consists of a patient positioning tool (a chair), a white surface table, an image acquisition unit, an image processing unit, an image displaying unit, an arm holder, a Velcro-strap, and two blue circle stickers. To assess the feasibility of our system in motor function recovery, a stroke patient was recruited to receive the AR intervention. The treatment was performed two times a day for ten minutes over two weeks (ten days of treating weeks), except for the time of installation, calibration, and three minute breaks. Jebsen Taylor hand function test and Arm Motor Fugl-Meyer assessment were used as primary and secondary outcome measures, respectively, to evaluate the effect of motor function recovery. Additionally, stroke impact scale, Korean version-Modified Barthel Index (K-MBI), active range of motion of wrist joint (ROM), and the grasp force in Newtons were measured. Participants’ feedback and adverse effects were recorded as well. Results: Motor function improvements were exhibited in wrist and hand subtest of Arm Motor Fugl-Meyer (baseline: 19; post-intervention: 23), proximal arm subtest of Fugl-Meyer (baseline: 31; post-intervention: 34), ROM (extending ROM: 10° and 3° for flexion and extension, repeatedly), stroke impact scale (baseline: 46; post-intervention: 54), K-MBI (baseline: 92; post-intervention: 95), nine-hole pegboard (baseline: 30 s; post-intervention: 25 s), and grasp force in Newtons (baseline: 12.7; post-intervention: 17.7). However, the adverse effects were reported after the intervention. Conclusion: The system using AR applying mirror therapy mechanism demonstrated the feasibility in motor function recovery for the stroke patient.
Fuzzy logic anti-lock brake system for a limited range coefficient of friction surface (2002)

Describes the preliminary research on and implementation of a fuzzy logic controller to control wheel slip for an antilock brake system. The dynamics of braking systems are highly nonlinear and time-variant. Simulation was used to derive an initial rule base, which was then tested on an experimental brake system. The rules were further refined by analysis of the data acquired from vehicle braking maneuvers on a surface with a high coefficient of friction. The robustness of the fuzzy logic slip regulator was further tested by varying operating conditions and external environmental variables.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Lotus Notes 4, with CD-ROM (Unleashed) (1996)

From the Publisher:
With comprehensive coverage of topics, this book is an indispensable tutorial/reference containing information on the new features anticipated in Lotus Notes 4, such as the full-fledged scripting language similiar to Microsoft's Visual Basic, the new user interface, the Lotus cc:Mail e-mail interface, agents to help users more easily sift through information, and much more.
Continuous wave–continuous wave molecular double resonance spectroscopy: Lifetimes and term energies of individual rovibronic levels of the (4pπ)K 2Π(v=2) Rydberg state of nitric oxide (1990)

The (4pπ)K 2Π(v=2)←(3sσ)A 2Σ+(v=1)←X2Π(v=0) system of NO has been studied by (2+1) optical-optical double resonance laser induced fluorescence (LIF) dip techniques. These experiments utilized two high resolution, continuous-wave lasers. The spectral resolution obtained under these conditions has provided measurements of the frequencies to an absolute accuracy of better than 0.002 cm−1, and of the widths to an average precision of 3% of the K←A(2,1) rotational transitions of interest. Term energies of individual rovibronic levels of both the Ω=0.5 and Ω=1.5 spin–orbit components of the (4pπ)K 2Π(v=2) Rydberg state of 14N16O have been determined. For values of J=2.5 to 4.5, the lifetimes of these levels range from 189 to 410 ps. These results demonstrate the potential of high resolution, cw lasers in double resonance studies of molecules. The ability to excite selectively to a single, completely specified quantum level, e.g., one hyperfine level, within the resonant intermediate state will ultimately allow studies of transition frequencies and lifetimes as functions of Ω, J, F, and parity providing a more explicit description of the structural and dynamical ramifications of complex multistate interactions.
Hole Digging in Dipolar Field Distributions of Tunneling Spins (2003)

We simulate the time evolution of systems of interacting dipoles that relax through quantum tunnelling. We aim to mimic tunnelling experiments on crystals of magnetic clusters, such as Mn12 and Fe8, at very small temperatures. Accordingly, we only allow spin transitions between states whose energy difference is less than some δh. (This is the energy window predicted by Prokof’ev and Stamp to come about from hyperfine interactions between the electronic spins that do the tunnelling and nuclear spins.) Starting from partially polarized but otherwise disordered initial states, as well as from completely disordered states, we obtain the time evolution of the dipolar field distribution P(H). A “hole” develops in P(H) as our simulations proceed in time. In the early stages the hole’s width W is small, as in tunnelling experiments, only if the system is not strongly polarized (below approximately 1/2 of saturation). Then, for spin temperatures T satisfying kBT ⩽ 0.5δh, the numerical results we obtain for various values of δh fulfill W ≈ 0.75δh. This result seems to be independent of sample shape. Our conclusion supports Wernsdorfer’s conjecture for obtaining the value of δh from experimental data for W.
Frequency-domain and multirate adaptive filtering (1992)

An overview is presented of several frequency-domain adaptive filters that efficiently process discrete-time signals using block and multirate filtering techniques. These algorithms implement a linear convolution that is equivalent to a block time-domain adaptive filter, or they generate a circular convolution that is an approximation. Both approaches exploit the computational advantages of the FFT. Subband adaptive filtering is also briefly described. Here the input data are first processed by a bank of narrowband bandpass filters that are approximately nonoverlapping. The transformed signals are then decimated by a factor that depends on the degree of aliasing that can be tolerated, resulting in a large computational savings. Several performance issues are considered, including convergence properties and computational complexities of the adaptive algorithms and the effects of circular convolution and aliasing on the converged filter coefficients.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
The Severe Weather Outbreak of 10 November 2002: Lightning and Radar Analysis of Storms in the Deep South (2004)

On the afternoon and evening of 10 November 2002, the Midwest and Deep South were struck by a major outbreak of severe storms that produced some 80 tornadoes. In terms of number of tornadoes, this was the largest outbreak in the United States since November 1992. Some 32 of the tornadoes occurred in Tennessee, Mississippi, Alabama and Georgia, including several long-track killers. We use the North Alabama Lightning Mapping Array (LMA) and other data sources to perform a comprehensive analysis of the structure and evolution of the outbreak. Most of the Southern tornadoes occurred in isolated, fast-moving supercell storms that formed in warm, moist air ahead of a major cold front. Storms tended to form in lines parallel to storm cell motion, resulting in many communities being hit multiple times by severe storms that evening. Supercells in Tennessee produced numerous strong tornadoes with short to medium-length track paths, while the supercells further south produced several very long-track tornadoes. Radar data indicate that the Tennessee storms tended to split frequently, apparently limiting their ability to sustain long-lived tornadoes, while storms further south split at most one time. The differences between these storms appear to be related to the presence of stronger jetstream winds in Tennessee relative to those present in Mississippi, Alabama and Georgia. LMA-derived flash rates associated with most of the supercell storm cores were about 1-2 flashes per second. Rapid increases in lightning rates (or jumps) occurred prior to tornado touchdown in many instances. Lightning holes (lightning-free regions associated with the echo-free vault) occurred in two of the Tennessee supercells. The complexity of the relationship between lightning and storm severity is revealed by the behavior of one Alabama supercell, which produced a peak flash rate of nearly 14 flashes per second, well after the end of its long-track tornado, while interacting and ultimately merging with a daughter supercell on its southwest flank. Close examination of this powerful storm indicates that its prodigious flash rate was the result of strong flash activity over an unusually large area, rather than a concentrated core of extremely high flash rate activity.
Increased Membrane-Protein Methylation in Hereditary Spherocytosis. A Marker of Cytoskeletal Disarray (1995)

Protein carboxyl methyltransferase of type II selectively recognizes L‐isoaspartyl and D‐aspartyl residues spontaneously occurring in proteins and peptide substrates. Membrane protein methylation levels increase with erythrocyte aging in circulation, in parallel with the spontaneous formation of abnormal aspartyl sites, due to protein intrinsic instability. We found that enzymic methyl esterification of erythrocyte membrane proteins in hereditary spherocytosis, a model of cytoskeletal disarray, is significantly increased compared to normal red blood cells. This cannot be explained by an increase in mean age of spherocytes, which are on the contrary significantly younger than control cells. No differences in cytosolic methyltransferase specific activity, as well as in the intracellular concentrations of the methyl donor adenosylmethionine and/or of the methylation inhibitor adenosylhomocysteine were observed. We identified bands 2.1, 4.1 and 4.2 as the main targets for increased methylation, whose levels were correlated with the degree of spectrin deficiency associated with this anemia. Our findings indicate that membrane‐protein methyl esterification represents a marker of membrane structural alteration in vivo in spherocytosis. We hypothesize that either an increased accessibility of methylation sites normally not available to the methyltransferase, or accelerated formation of methyl‐accepting sites in membrane proteins are present in spherocytosis.
CoSyne (2011)

Wikis allow a large base of contributors easy access to shared content, and freedom in editing it. One of the side-effects of this freedom was the emergence of parallel and independently evolving versions in a variety of languages, reflecting the multilingual background of the pool of contributors. For the Wiki to properly represent the user-added content, this should be fully available in all its languages. Working on parallel Wikis in several European languages, we investigate the possibility to "synchronize" different language versions of the same document, by: i) pinpointing topically related pieces of information in the different languages, ii) identifying information that is missing or less detailed in one of the two versions, iii) translating this in the appropriate language, iv) inserting it in the appropriate place. Progress along such directions will allow users to share more easily content across language boundaries.
Comparison of the Protective Effects of Three Phosphorothioate Radioprotectors in the RIF-1 Tumor (1986)

Three aminoalkyl phosphorothioates, WR-2721, WR-3689, and WR-77913, were compared as radioprotectors of RIF-1 tumors irradiated in vivo and assayed for cell survival in vitro. The protector doses were 50% of the acute drug LD50. The radiation dose modifying factors for the three drugs were nearly equal, ranging from 1.5 to 1.7 at surviving fractions of 0.1 and 0.05. Using biodistribution data obtained with 35S labeled drugs, the uptake in tumors was calculated as micromoles drug per gram of tumor. On this basis, tumor levels of WR-77913 were 4.5-fold those of WR-2721, and WR-3689 uptake was 2.7-fold greater than uptake of WR-2721. Thus, on a molar basis, WR-2721 appears to be the most effective protector, but all three phosphorothioates protect this tumor moderately well. In diffusible substance autoradiographs of 3H WR-3689 labeled tumors, label was generally distributed over cells with no evidence of preferential localization over nuclei.
Extreme Response Prediction of Steel Risers Using a Four Parameter Distribution (2017)

Recently, a four-parameter distribution known as the shifted generalized lognormal distribution (SGLD) has been presented in the literature. One of its main advantages is that it covers regions of skewness-kurtosis not covered by other distributions of common use in engineering. In this paper, the performance of this distribution is evaluated in the extreme values’ estimation of the utilization ratios of steel riser sections. Three alternatives for using SGLD are investigated in two case studies of different dynamic behavior. The first one is a SLWR (steel-lazy wave riser) connected to a turret-moored FPSO in 914m water depth, and the second is a SLWR connected to a spread-mooring FPSO in a water depth of 1400m. The results obtained by the SGLD-based analysis, which considered several simulation lengths, are compared to those obtained by means of an extreme value distribution fitted to episodical extremes obtained from many distinct realizations. The results of a traditional Weibull-fitting approach to the response peaks and those obtained with and Hermite transformation-based model are also presented for comparison.
On the Use of Auxiliary Receive Channels for Clutter Mitigation With Phased Array Weather Radars (2008)

<para xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> Phased array radars (PARs) are attractive in weather surveillance primarily because of their capability to electronically steer. When combined with the recently developed beam multiplexing (BMX) technique, these radars can obtain very rapid update scans that are useful in monitoring severe weather. A consequence is that the small number of contiguous samples of the time series obtained can be a challenge for temporal/spectral filters used for clutter mitigation. As a result, the accurate extraction of weather signals can become the limiting performance barrier for PARs that employ BMX in clutter-dominated scattering fields. By exploiting the spatial correlation of the auxiliary channel signals, the effect of clutter contamination can be reduced in these conditions. In this paper, three spatial filtering techniques that used low-gain auxiliary receive channels are presented. The effect of clutter mitigation was studied using numerical simulations of a tornadic environment for changes in signal-to-noise ratio, clutter-to-signal ratio, number of time series samples, varying clutter spectral widths, and maximum weight constraints. Since such data are not currently available from a horizontally pointed phased array weather radar, experimental validation was applied to an existing data set from the turbulent eddy profiler, which is a vertically pointed PAR. Although preliminary, the results show promise for clutter mitigation with extremely short nonuniform sampling. </para>
Sodium Ions Template the Formation of Rotaxanes from BPX26C6 and Nonconjugated Amide and Urea Functionalities (2013)

Picking up the thread: The macrocycle bis-p-xylyl[26]crown-6 is capable of forming pseudorotaxane-like structures with single, nonconjugated urea or amide moieties when assisted by templating Na+ ions (see example). By using this approach, rotaxanes were synthesized with glycine residues or the repeating unit of nylon-6,6 as key components in the threadlike units. As a service to our authors and readers, this journal provides supporting information supplied by the authors. Such materials are peer reviewed and may be re-organized for online delivery, but are not copy-edited or typeset. Technical support issues arising from supporting information (other than missing files) should be addressed to the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
A Novel Synthesis of 2-Aryl-2H-indazoles via a Palladium-Catalyzed Intramolecular Amination Reaction (2000)

[reaction: see text] A variety of 2-aryl-2H-indazoles were synthesized by the palladium-catalyzed intramolecular amination of the corresponding N-aryl-N(o-bromobenzyl)hydrazines. Of several sets of reaction conditions surveyed, the combination of Pd(OAc)2/dppf/tBuONa gave the best results. This method applies to a wide scope of substrates containing electron-donating and electron-withdrawing substituents.
Expression of Concern: Th17 and Treg cells function in SARS‐CoV2 patients compared with healthy controls (2020)

In the course of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), raising and reducing the function of Th17 and Treg cells, respectively, elicit hyperinflammation and disease progression. The current study aimed to evaluate the responses of Th17 and Treg cells in COVID-19 patients compared with the control group. Forty COVID-19 intensive care unit (ICU) patients were compared with 40 healthy controls. The frequency of cells, gene expression of related factors, as well as the secretion levels of cytokines, were measured by flow cytometry, real-time polymerase chain reaction, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay techniques, respectively. The findings revealed a significant increase in the number of Th17 cells, the expression levels of related factors (RAR-related orphan receptor gamma [RORγt], IL-17, and IL-23), and the secretion levels of IL-17 and IL-23 cytokines in COVID-19 patients compared with controls. In contrast, patients had a remarkable reduction in the frequency of Treg cells, the expression levels of correlated factors (Forkhead box protein P3 [FoxP3], transforming growth factor-β [TGF-β], and IL-10), and cytokine secretion levels (TGF-β and IL-10). The ratio of Th17/Treg cells, RORγt/FoxP3, and IL-17/IL-10 had a considerable enhancement in patients compared with the controls and also in dead patients compared with the improved cases. The findings showed that enhanced responses of Th17 cells and decreased responses of Treg cells in 2019-n-CoV patients compared with controls had a strong relationship with hyperinflammation, lung damage, and disease pathogenesis. Also, the high ratio of Th17/Treg cells and their associated factors in COVID-19-dead patients compared with improved cases indicates the critical role of inflammation in the mortality of patients.
Sensitivity to Threshold Voltage Variations of Exact and Incomplete Prefix Addition Trees (2022)

Process variations have emerged as a severe performance bottleneck for advanced technology nodes. This paper investigates the delay behavior of a range of exact and incomplete parallel-prefix addition trees under variations, including speculative/approximate trees and trees with duplicated prefix nodes. The performance of a range of incomplete adder variants is investigated comparatively with conventional exact architectures at a 16-nm technology node. In order to capture variations generated from a range of process-dependent sources and their impact on delay characteristics, the analysis considers threshold voltage variations employing Spice-level simulations. Under nominal voltage and in the presence of threshold variations, incomplete architectures are found to still offer a smaller worst-case delay than their exact counterparts; similarly for a low-voltage scenario, where the supply voltage is reduced to 0.8 V. However, focusing on normalized delay variation, it is here found that incomplete-tree adders are more susceptible to variations as they show a wider delay spread than exact architectures around their respective mean values. As a remedy, it is shown that the number of stages in an incomplete adder can be used as a design parameter to investigate accuracy vs. variability-tolerance trade-offs. Furthermore, by duplicating delay-critical paths of prefix trees, worst-case delay and standard deviation reduce compared to the exact architectures.
Sr Substituted La2−xSrxNi0.8Co0.2O4+δ (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.8): Impact on Oxygen Stoichiometry and Electrochemical Properties (2022)

Lanthanide nickelate Ln2NiO4+δ (Ln = La, Pr, or Nd) based mixed ionic and electronic conducting (MIEC) materials have drawn significant attention as an alternative oxygen electrode for solid oxide cells (SOCs). These nickelates show very high oxygen diffusion coefficient (D*) and surface exchange coefficient (k*) values and hence exhibit good electrocatalytic activity. Earlier reported results show that the partial substitution of Co2+ at B-site in La2Ni1−xCoxO4+δ (LNCO) leads to an enhancement in the transport and electrochemical properties of the material. Herein, we perform the substitution at A-site with Sr, i.e., La2−xSrxNi0.8Co0.2O4+δ, in order to further investigate the structural, physicochemical, and electrochemical properties. The structural characterization of the synthesized powders reveals a decrease in the lattice parameters as well as lattice volume with increasing Sr content. Furthermore, a decrease in the oxygen over stoichiometry is also observed with Sr substitution. The electrochemical measurements are performed with the symmetrical half-cells using impedance spectroscopy in the 700–900 °C temperature range. The total polarization resistance of the cell is increased with Sr substitution. The electrode reaction mechanism is also studied by recording the impedance spectra under different oxygen partial pressures. Finally, the kinetic parameters are investigated by analyzing the impedance spectra under polarization. A decrease in exchange current density (i0) is observed with increasing Sr content.
Optical Photogenerated Traps in Semi-Insulating GaAs Bulk Material (1984)

We report in this paper on a photogeneration of traps in semi-insulating GaAs (Horizontal Bridgman and Czochralski) under YAG excitation. We have experimentally observed this phenomenon from TSC (Thermally Stimulated Current) and near intrinsic (1.42 eV) photoconductivity after YAG excitation. The results provide evidence that YAG excitation introduces changes in the distribution of the band gap levels.
Advanced Laparoscopic Techniques Significantly Improve Function of Peritoneal Dialysis Catheters (2010)

These data clearly show a significant improvement in CAPD catheter function using omentopexy and rectus sheath tunneling. These advanced laparoscopic techniques should become the preferred method of CAPD catheter insertion.