gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effect of Limited Proteolysis on the Enzymatic Phosphorylation of Soy Protein (1996)

The effects of limited proteolysis on the enzymatic phosphorylation of commercial soy protein isolate were evaluated for several proteases. Proteases were chosen on the basis of their ability to hydrolyze peptide bonds between specific amino acids and included trypsin (basic), chymotrypsin (aromatic), endoproteinase Glu-C from Staphylococcus aureus, strain V8 (acidic), and Pronase E (nonspecific). Hydrolyzed soy isolate was phosphorylated with the catalytic subunit of bovine cardiac muscle protein kinase, and phosphorylation was followed by incorporation of 32P into the protein. Phosphorylation decreased with increased proteolysis for all proteases. Decreased phosphorylation was most pronounced for Pronase E-hydrolyzed protein and least pronounced for trypsin-hydrolyzed soy isolate. The solubility−pH profile of the trypsin-hydrolyzed, phosphorylated soy isolate was compared to those of both the untreated and the hydrolyzed profiles. There was no significant difference in solubility among the profiles over the pH 3−6 range. Keywords: Polypeptide; modification; functionality; hydrolysis; interaction
Application of the SPE Method to Organic Electrochemistry. VIII. The Incorporation of an Iron Redox Couple into Pt–Nafion and Its Behavior as a Mediator (1987)

Abstract Fe2+ and Fe3+ were incorporated into Pt–Nafion. The full incorporation of Fe2+ into H+-type Nafion was attained beyond 0.3 M FeSO4. The ion-exchange selectivity of Fe2+ was estimated to about 2 to H+. The incorporated ions exhibited diffusional behavior inside the composite electrode. The formal potential of the incorporated iron(III/II) redox couple was dependent on both the H2SO4 and the Fe3+ and Fe2+ concentrations. The potential shift was, however, not so large as that reported on some redox systems on polymer-coated electrodes. The incorporated redox couple was revealed to behave as a mediator in the oxidation of l-ascorbic acid.
JDP2 and ATF3 deficiencies dampen maladaptive cardiac remodeling and preserve cardiac function (2019)

c-Jun dimerization protein (JDP2) and Activating Transcription Factor 3 (ATF3) are closely related basic leucine zipper proteins. Transgenic mice with cardiac expression of either JDP2 or ATF3 showed maladaptive remodeling and cardiac dysfunction. Surprisingly, JDP2 knockout (KO) did not protect the heart following transverse aortic constriction (TAC). Instead, the JDP2 KO mice performed worse than their wild type (WT) counterparts. To test whether the maladaptive cardiac remodeling observed in the JDP2 KO mice is due to ATF3, ATF3 was removed in the context of JDP2 deficiency, referred as double KO mice (dKO). Mice were challenged by TAC, and followed by detailed physiological, pathological and molecular analyses. dKO mice displayed no apparent differences from WT mice under unstressed condition, except a moderate better performance in dKO male mice. Importantly, following TAC the dKO hearts showed low fibrosis levels, reduced inflammatory and hypertrophic gene expression and a significantly preserved cardiac function as compared with their WT counterparts in both genders. Consistent with these data, removing ATF3 resumed p38 activation in the JDP2 KO mice which correlates with the beneficial cardiac function. Collectively, mice with JDP2 and ATF3 double deficiency had reduced maladaptive cardiac remodeling and lower hypertrophy following TAC. As such, the worsening of the cardiac outcome found in the JDP2 KO mice is due to the elevated ATF3 expression. Simultaneous suppression of both ATF3 and JDP2 activity is highly beneficial for cardiac function in health and disease.
Learning Data Manipulation for Augmentation and Weighting (2019)

Manipulating data, such as weighting data examples or augmenting with new instances, has been increasingly used to improve model training. Previous work has studied various rule- or learning-based approaches designed for specific types of data manipulation. In this work, we propose a new method that supports learning different manipulation schemes with the same gradient-based algorithm. Our approach builds upon a recent connection of supervised learning and reinforcement learning (RL), and adapts an off-the-shelf reward learning algorithm from RL for joint data manipulation learning and model training. Different parameterization of the "data reward" function instantiates different manipulation schemes. We showcase data augmentation that learns a text transformation network, and data weighting that dynamically adapts the data sample importance. Experiments show the resulting algorithms significantly improve the image and text classification performance in low data regime and class-imbalance problems.
DIFFERENTIAL EFFECT OF 2-AMINOETHYL-ISOTHIOUREA, AN INHIBITOR OF THE INDUCIBLE NITRIC OXIDE SYNTHASE, ON MICROVASCULAR BLOOD FLOW AND ORGAN INJURY IN MODELS OF HEPATIC ISCHEMIA-REPERFUSION AND ENDOTOXEMIA (1998)

The vasodilator nitric oxide (NO) is involved in the regulation of systemic blood pressure and local organ blood flow. Inhibitors of the constitutively expressed nitric oxide synthase in endothelial cells (eNOS), e.g., Nomega-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester hydrochloride (L-NAME), aggravated liver injury in a variety of models. On the other hand, inhibitors of the inducible NOS (iNOS), e.g., 2-aminoethyl-isothiourea (AET), were found to be beneficial during endotoxemia. The aim of this investigation was to study the effect of AET compared with L-NAME on liver microvascular blood flow and injury in more complex models with multiple insults, i.e., ischemia (20 min)-reperfusion (8 h) in combination with .5 mg/kg endotoxin (IRE). Male Fisher rats were treated with 10 mg/kg AET or L-NAME and subjected to IRE. At 8 h, liver injury (plasma ALT: 1320+/-164 U/L) was significantly increased in AET-treated (5,018+/-1,379 U/L) and L-NAME-treated groups (2,429+/-228 U/L). Each inhibitor attenuated microvascular blood flow (assessed by laser Doppler flowmetry) to a similar degree. In striking contrast, AET completely reversed the endotoxin-induced impairment of the microvascular blood flow and significantly protected against an endotoxin-induced liver injury (plasma ALT: 3,007+/-268 U/L (ET); 460+/-39 U/L (ET+AET)). Infusion of endothelin-1 reduced microvascular blood flow by 50-60% and caused liver injury. Our data demonstrated that an inhibitor of eNOS (L-NAME) has a consistent detrimental effect on liver injury during ischemia-reperfusion and endotoxemia mainly because it can cause additional ischemia by reducing the microvascular blood flow. However, selective inhibitors of iNOS (AET) can impair hepatic blood flow and aggravate the injury or improve blood flow and attenuate organ injury depending on the experimental model. These results suggest that iNOS inhibitors may not be universally beneficial and should be tested in a variety of experimental models of sepsis/endotoxemia before used in clinical settings.
Real Driving Emissions: 2017 Assessment of PEMS measurement uncertainty (2017)

Regulation 2016/427 introduced on-road testing with Portable Emissions Measurement Systems (PEMS) to complement the laboratory Type I test for the type approval of light-duty vehicles in the European Union. A NOx conformity factor of 1.5 will apply from January 2020/2021. This conformity factor includes a margin of 0.5 to account for the additional measurement uncertainty of PEMS relative to standard laboratory equipment. Said margin (and also the PN margin, initially set at 0.5 by Regulation (EU) 2017/1154 (RDE3), has to be reviewed annually (Recital 10 of Regulation 2016/646). This report summarizes the first review of the NOx margin and lays out the framework for future margin reviews. Since the PN margin was first set in 2017, it was not included in the 2017 review exercise.\nBased on experimental data received by the stakeholders, technical improvements of PEMS and assumptions of possible zero drift during the tests, a NOx margin of 0.24 to 0.43 was calculated.
Suppl Fig. S2 from Neuromedin U: A Candidate Biomarker and Therapeutic Target to Predict and Overcome Resistance to HER-Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Suppl Fig. S2&lt;/p&gt;
Minor malformations and physical measurements in autism: Data from Nova Scotia (1997)

In the context of an epidemiological study of autism in Nova Scotia, subjects were evaluated for minor physical anomalies and physical measurements. Normal control children, children with autism and their siblings, and children with developmental disabilities and their siblings were compared. Posterior rotation of the external ears was found to be a characteristic related to autism specifically, rather than to developmental disabilities in general. Small feet and normal-to-large hands also were observed in the autism group. Children with autism had a significant reduction in interpupillary distance, but not intercanthic distance or head circumference. In contrast, children with other developmental disabilities were notable for general small stature, which affected the hands, feet, eyes, and head size, as well as height. Abnormal ear configuration was the minor malformation most characteristic of the developmental disability group, and the subset of Down syndrome children had single transverse creases of the palm and epicanthic folds that resulted in significantly increased rates of these anomalies in the developmentally disabled controls. Siblings of the two disabled groups were not significantly different from normal controls on any of the measures that characterized children with autism or other developmental disabilities. The results agree with those of several previous studies, which have suggested that abnormalities of the ears are the general category of minor anomalies most associated with autism. Recent evidence regarding the embryological origin of autism suggests that the ear effects may be an important marker of the initiating events that lead to the disorder. Teratology 55:319–325, 1997. © 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
1P1-J07 Analysis of the solar array paddle's vibration when a satellite goes through the eclipse(Space Engineering and Robotics and Mechatronics (2)) (2012)

This paper presents analysis of vibration of a low Earth orbiting satellite's solar array paddle induced by the thermal shock. It is known for years that the satellite attitude stability is disturbed when a satellite goes into the eclipse. Several ways of trials to measure the vibration of the solar array paddle were conducted in the past. However those trials were unsuccessful. We are trying to measure this vibration using the camera mounted on a Greenhouse gases Observing SATellite (GOSAT) launched by JAXA in 2009. Using images from this CMOS camera, we found that the very slow vibration is occurred in the solar array paddle when the satellite goes into the eclipse. Simulation analysis using the thermal / structural models of the solar array paddle show that the rapid change of the thermal environment when the satellite goes into the eclipse caused the vibration.
Size, shape, and flexibility of RNA structures (2006)

Determination of sizes and flexibilities of RNA molecules is important in understanding the nature of packing in folded structures and in elucidating interactions between RNA and DNA or proteins. Using the coordinates of the structures of RNA in the Protein Data Bank we find that the size of the folded RNA structures, measured using the radius of gyration R(G), follows the Flory scaling law, namely, R(G)=5.5N(1/3) A, where N is the number of nucleotides. The shape of RNA molecules is characterized by the asphericity Delta and the shape S parameters that are computed using the eigenvalues of the moment of inertia tensor. From the distribution of Delta, we find that a large fraction of folded RNA structures are aspherical and the distribution of S values shows that RNA molecules are prolate (S>0). The flexibility of folded structures is characterized by the persistence length l(p). By fitting the distance distribution function P(r), that is computed using the coordinates of the folded RNA, to the wormlike chain model we extracted the persistence length l(p). We find that l(p) approximately 1.5N(0.33) A which might reflect the large separation between the free energies that stabilize secondary and tertiary structures. The dependence of l(p) on N implies that the average length of helices should increase as the size of RNA grows. We also analyze packing in the structures of ribosomes (30S, 50S, and 70S) in terms of R(G), Delta, S, and l(p). The 70S and the 50S subunits are more spherical compared to most RNA molecules. The globularity in 50S is due to the presence of an unusually large number (compared to 30S subunit) of small helices that are stitched together by bulges and loops. Comparison of the shapes of the intact 70S ribosome and the constituent particles suggests that folding of the individual molecules might occur prior to assembly.
Safety of famciclovir in patients with herpes zoster and genital herpes (1994)

Safety reporting from individual ongoing and completed clinical studies has demonstrated that famciclovir, the well-absorbed oral form of the antiherpesvirus agent penciclovir, has been well tolerated by more than 3,000 individuals worldwide. An integrated safety evaluation has been performed and includes over 1,600 patients from 11 completed, randomized, double-blind clinical trials and 2 open trials. The famciclovir population consisted of 816 herpes zoster patients (four trials), 409 patients with acute genital herpesvirus infections (seven trials), and 382 patients from two genital herpes suppression studies. Overall, the famciclovir-treated patient population was 57.7% female and ranged in age from 15 to 102 years (mean, 42.6 years), with 31.2% aged 50 years or more and 15.7% aged 65 years or more. The mean duration of exposure to famciclovir was 28.8 days (5.8 days excluding suppression studies). The total daily doses ranged from 125 mg to 2.25 g. The most common adverse experiences reported as related to study medication (famciclovir and placebo) were headache, nausea, and diarrhea. The frequencies of adverse experiences and laboratory abnormalities (hematology, clinical chemistry, and urinalysis parameters) were similar in both famciclovir and placebo recipients. Thus, safety data from the analysis of 13 completed clinical studies demonstrate that famciclovir is tolerated well by patients with either herpes zoster or genital and has a safety profile comparable to that of placebo.
II. Cultural Myopia (1970)

The controversy resulting from the Jensen Report is viewed in terms of the questionable usefulness and applicability of standardized tests in measuring personality attributes of minority group subjects. A moratorium on testing minority group members with existing standardized measuring instruments, accompanied by a reassessment of the validity of standardized tests and an ethical appraisal of testing practices with minority groups whose cultural backgrounds vary significantly from that of the middle class white norm, is recommended. Also recommended are lessened emphasis on the predictive aspects of cognitively based tests, increased emphasis on their diagnostic value, and greater professional attention to researching nonintellectual predictors of behavior.
Local Dexamethasone Therapy Conserves Hearing in an Animal Model of Electrode Insertion Trauma-Induced Hearing Loss (2007)

The results from immediate local treatment of the cochlea with DXM in an animal model of EIT-induced HL suggest a novel therapeutic strategy for hearing conservation by attenuating the progressive HL that can result from the process of electrode array insertion during cochlear implantation.
Interactive Teaching for Conversational AI (2020)

Current conversational AI systems aim to understand a set of pre-designed requests and execute related actions, which limits them to evolve naturally and adapt based on human interactions. Motivated by how children learn their first language interacting with adults, this paper describes a new Teachable AI system that is capable of learning new language nuggets called concepts, directly from end users using live interactive teaching sessions. The proposed setup uses three models to: a) Identify gaps in understanding automatically during live conversational interactions, b) Learn the respective interpretations of such unknown concepts from live interactions with users, and c) Manage a classroom sub-dialogue specifically tailored for interactive teaching sessions. We propose state-of-the-art transformer based neural architectures of models, fine-tuned on top of pre-trained models, and show accuracy improvements on the respective components. We demonstrate that this method is very promising in leading way to build more adaptive and personalized language understanding models.
A new approach to plan manual assembly (2018)

Today’s methods for planning manual assembly processes have been developed for many decades. Besides technical advances, organisational innovations such as concurrent engineering have made a major contribution to both cost and quality of the final product. However, mass customisation and personalisation of products have imposed additional requirements. Planning should be performed for many different product variants while at the same time planning cost and time to market should be kept at a minimum level. The objective of this paper is to present a new approach for planning of manual assembly processes that goes beyond established industry practices, which has the potential to provide planning teams with tools to evaluate different assembly process scenarios faster, eliminating the need for physical prototypes. The approach is based on controlled natural language textual descriptions of assembly tasks, automatic generation human motions from the textual descriptions based on data-driven, statistical motion models and interactive process optimisation. The proposed method is evaluated in a pilot case from automotive industry regarding ease of use, extensibility, adaptability, motion realism and motion diversity. Results suggest that while the approach addresses practical needs of production planning, technical challenges remain in order to make it ready to be implemented into digital planning environments.
lncRNA and gene looping (2014)

Recent functional studies have unveiled the significant role chromatin topology plays in gene regulation. Several lines of evidence suggest genes access necessary factors for transcription by forming chromatin loops. A clearer picture of the players involved in chromatin organization, including lncRNA, is emerging.
Radiation Stress in Propagating Elastic Waves (1982)

The radiation pressure (actually stress) of a propagating elastic wave is found to depend directly on the acoustic nonlinearity parameters of the solid and the energy density of the wave. The nonlinearity parameters are dependent upon the lattice vibrational properties of the solid and are a measure of the anharmonicity of the interatomic potential. interatomic anharmonicity in generating the acoustic radiation pressure is established. The dominant role of
The Large Fiber Array Spectroscopic Telescope: fiber feed and spectrometer conceptual design (2022)

The Large Fiber Array Spectroscopic Telescope, LFAST, will use optical fibers to combine light from thousands of small telescopes at centrally located high-resolution spectrometers. LFAST aims to use mass replication of small, self-contained telescope systems to provide ELT sized collecting area and spectroscopic capabilities at a drastically reduced price. However, fundamental constraints such as étendue, fiber modal noise, and focal-plane sampling that affect the size and complexity of spectrometers for single telescope ELTs also impact LFAST. We are carrying out a three year study to tackle these challenges. In this paper, we describe the conceptual designs for the fiber feed assemblies that carry light from the individual telescopes to a centralized location, and the high-resolution spectrometer that accepts this light.
Regulating the Market for Corporate Control: Some UK Evidence (1991)

This paper presents an analysis of UK merger policy based upon the allocative effects of Monopoly and Mergers Commission (MMC) decisions. For some time now evidence has been available concerning the ineffectiveness of MMC decisions in reducing product market concentration (see Simpson and Shaw 1986, 1989). So, if the reduction of market concentration is not a systematic result of decisions of the MMC, it is interesting to ask what have been the discernible effects of the MMC's activities and what revised objectives might be formulated for that body?
Reverse transcription and long distance enterovirus specific polymerase chain reaction (LDE-PCR) generates complete and infectious enterovirus cDNA genomes (1996)

Reverse transcription and long distance enterovirus specific polymerase chain reaction (LDE-PCR) generates complete and infectious enterovirus cDNA genomes
Developmental Programming of eNOS Uncoupling and Enhanced Vascular Oxidative Stress in Adult Rats After Transient Neonatal Oxygen Exposure (2012)

The authors have previously shown that neonatal hyperoxic stress leads to high blood pressure, impaired endothelium-mediated vasodilatation, and increased vascular production of superoxide anion by NAD(P)H oxidase in adulthood. However, it is unknown whether changes in nitric oxide (NO) production and/or bioinactivation prevail and whether NO synthase (NOS) is also a source of superoxide. The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether adult animals exposed to neonatal hyperoxic stress have impaired vascular NO production associated with NOS uncoupling participating to vascular superoxide production and vascular dysfunction. In adult male rats exposed to 80% oxygen from day 3 to 10 of life (H, n = 6) versus room air controls (CTRL, n = 6), vascular (aorta) NO production is decreased at baseline (CTRL: 21 ± 1 vs. H: 16 ± 2 4,5-diaminofluorescein diacetate fluorescence intensity arbitrary units; P < 0.05) and after carbachol stimulation (acetylcholine analog; CTRL: 26 ± 2 vs. H: 18±2; P < 0.05). Pretreatment with L-arginine (CTRL: 32 ± 4 vs. H: 31 ± 5) and L-sepiapterine [analog of key NOS cofactor tetrahydro-L-biopterin (BH4)] (CTRL: 30 ± 3 vs. H: 29 ± 3) normalizes NO production after carbachol. L-Sepiapterine also normalizes impaired vasodilatation to carbachol. Vascular endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) immunostaining is reduced, whereas total eNOS protein expression is increased in H (CTRL: 0.76 ± 0.08 vs. H: 1.76± 0.21; P < 0.01). The significantly higher superoxide generation (CTRL: 20 ± 2 vs. H: 28 ± 3 hydroethidine fluorescence intensity arbitrary units; P < 0.05) is prevented by pretreatment with the eNOS inhibitor N-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (CTRL: 21 ± 4 vs. H: 22 ± 4). Taken together, the current data indicate a role for eNOS uncoupling in enhanced vascular superoxide, impaired endothelium-mediated vasodilatation, and decreased NO production in adult animals with programmed elevated blood pressure after a brief neonatal oxygen exposure.