gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Impact of the Central Polypurine Tract on the Kinetics of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Vector Transduction (2003)

Lentiviral vectors derived from human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) show great promise as gene carriers for future gene therapy. Insertion of a fragment containing the central polypurine tract (cPPT) in HIV-1 vector constructs is known to enhance transduction efficiency drastically, reportedly by facilitating the nuclear import of HIV-1 cDNA through a central DNA flap. We have studied the impact of the cPPT on the kinetics of HIV-1 vector transduction by real-time PCR. The kinetics of total HIV-1 DNA, two-long-terminal-repeat (2-LTR) circles, and, by an Alu-PCR, integrated proviral DNA were monitored. About 6 to 12 h after transduction, the total HIV-1 DNA reached a maximum level, followed by a steep decrease. The 2-LTR circles peaked after 24 to 48 h and were diluted upon cell division. Integration of HIV-1 DNA was first detected at 12 h postinfection. When HIV-1 vectors that contained the cPPT were used, DNA synthesis was similar but a threefold higher amount of 2-LTR circles was detected, confirming the impact on nuclear import. Moreover, a 10-fold increase in the amount of integrated DNA was observed in the presence of the cPPT. Only in the absence of the cPPT was a saturation in 2-LTR circle formation seen at a high multiplicity of infection, suggesting a role for the cPPT in overcoming a barrier to the nuclear import of HIV-1 DNA. A major effect of the central DNA flap on the juxtaposition of both LTRs is unlikely, since transduction with HIV-1 vectors containing ectopic cPPT fragments resulted in increased amounts of 2-LTR circles as well as integrated DNA. Inhibitors of transduction by cPPT-containing HIV vectors were also studied by real-time PCR. The reverse transcriptase inhibitor azidothymidine (AZT) and the nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor alpha-APA clearly inhibited viral DNA synthesis, whereas integrase inhibitors such as the diketo acid L-708,906 and the pyranodipyrimidine V-165 specifically inhibited integration.
Initiator structure influence on thermal and rheological properties of oligo(ε-caprolactone) (2006)

Biodegradable thermoplastic oligomers have potential as biomaterials for tissue augmentation and drug-delivery applications. One means of obtaining such a biomaterial is through the ring-opening polymerization of epsilon-caprolactone using an alcohol initiator. In this paper we continue to examine the influence of the structure of the initiator used on the thermal and rheological properties of oligo(epsilon-caprolactone). Specifically, primary and secondary pentanol, and cis- and trans-pentenol were studied as initiators in the preparation of oligomers of constant molecular weight. In agreement with previous work, the secondary conformer yielded higher melt viscosities, lower degrees of crystallinity and lower glass transition temperatures. The cis conformer produced the lowest melt viscosity; however, the activation energy for flow was higher than obtained previously with oleyl alcohol. This result was attributed to the alkane chain lengths on either side of the cis double bond in the initiator. The order of melt viscosity increased with initiator conformer as follows: cis, trans, primary and secondary. The results were explained in terms of oligomer chain flexibility in the melt.
A new boundary correction method for lung parenchyma (2017)

In order to repair the boundary depressions caused by juxtapleural nodules and improve the lung segmentation accuracy, we propose a new boundary correction method for lung parenchyma. Firstly, the top-hat filter is used to enhance the image contrast; Secondly, we employ the Ostu algorithm for image binarization; Thirdly, the connected component labeling algorithm is utilized to remove the main trachea; Fourthly, the initial mask image is obtained by morphological region filling algorithm; Fifthly, the boundary tracing algorithm is applied to extract the initial lung contour; Afterwards, we design a sudden change degree algorithm to modify the initial lung contour; Finally, the complete lung parenchyma image is obtained. The novelty is that sudden change degree algorithm can detect the inflection points more accurately than other methods, which contributes to repairing lung contour efficiently. The experimental results show that the proposed method can incorporate the juxtapleural nodules into the lung parenchyma effectively, and the precision is increased by 6.46% and 2.72% respectively compared with the other two methods, providing favorable conditions for the accurate detection of pulmonary nodules and having important clinical value.
Image segmentation by histogram thresholding using fuzzy sets (2002)

Methods for histogram thresholding based on the minimization of a threshold-dependent criterion function might not work well for images having multimodal histograms. We propose an approach to threshold the histogram according to the similarity between gray levels. Such a similarity is assessed through a fuzzy measure. In this way, we overcome the local minima that affect most of the conventional methods. The experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach for both bimodal and multimodal histograms.
Digital Fabrication in Catalytic Technology (2017)

This chapter introduces a more chemical dimension in the discussion of digital fabrication technologies by giving an overview of selected recent achievements and indicating future perspectives. It also gives a brief introduction on the technical aspects of the relevant digital fabrication tools. In the context of digital fabrication, mainly “drop-on-demand” inkjet printing is of importance. The application of inkjet printing as a fabrication tool is a more recent development, mainly driven by the noncontact, data-driven, and scalable nature of the method. Inkjet printing has been used to deposit thin layers of catalytically active oxides. Several research groups investigated printing TiO2 photocatalyts based on oxide suspensions or sol-gel processing. 3D printing enables to fabricate geometrically complex reaction vessels. The shape of conventional reactors is to a large extent determined by their manufacturing cost and/or the limitations of conventional manufacturing methods.
Rethinking Wireless Internet with Smart Media (2001)

Abstract—Third-generation mobile networks (3G) will support the end-to-end delivery of IP to wireless end-devices. The cost of this infrastructure and the moderate data-rates that can be expected have lead to proposals for a mixed 3G and wireless LAN (WLAN) approach. WLAN delivers much higher data-rates, currently up to 11 Mbps (IEEE 802.11b). Field trials with public WLAN extensions to Gigabit Ethernet networks show outdoor coverage of several hundred meters. Our previous work demonstrated smart delivery of multimedia involving agents running in the mobile, the access point, and the content provider. This allowed us to dynamically adapt both the application and network behavior (to each other) in order to meet the criteria for specific applications. In this paper, we extend this approach by adding service knowledge meta-data to the multimedia content (creating so-called Smart Media) to take advantage of the fact that for non real-time media content, which needs ample bandwidth to deliver, there does not need to be a coupling between transfer rate and playout rate. This approach enables the agent to further free resources for the delivery of streaming media to mobile users. In light of this approach, we propose novel network topologies with WLAN access using Smart Media Packets, for which we examine the minimal requirements for delivering the services. Index terms — smart, wireless, mobile, media
Extreme Damping of Single-Particle Wave Functions in the Nuclear Interior (1967)

Single-particle wave functions which describe the elastic scattering of low-energy neutrons have been calculated from nonlocal optical potentials constructed in terms of the fundamental nucleon-nucleon interaction and the ground-state wave function of the target. It has been found that these single-particle wave functions are greatly reduced in the nuclear interior in comparison with those generated from equivalent phenomological local and nonlocal optical potentials.
Larger Scale Syntheses of Surfactant-Templated Nanoporous Silica Spherical Particles by the Stoeber Method (2007)

The larger scale production of nanoporous silica spherical particles was investigated. The particles formed from aqueous solution containing cetyltrimethylammonium chloride, tetraethoxysilane (TEOS), methanol, and ammonia at room temperature and subsequent calcination in air at 550°C led the transformation of the particles to be nanoporous with retaining the original particle morphology. The increase in the TEOS amount in the starting solution was effective for larger scale synthesis without significant loss of particle size distribution. Average particle size varied from 50 nm to 320 nm and the BET surface area varied from 240 to 850 m2 g-1. Maximum product weight achieved was ca. 1 g from 100 g of starting solution; the value is one order greater than those obtained by previously reported starting solutions, where TEOS amount is much smaller. The particle size (to 1721 nm) and surface area (up to 1020 m2 g-1) were changed by the surfactant amount in the starting solutions.
Rectal Cancer (2013)

This chapter presents a case discussion which includes an expert opinion on optimal management along with alternatives from a second academic expert’s perspective and from a community practitioner’s perspective. It offers comparisons of treatment approaches to difficult situations, allowing the reader to compare their current treatment approach to that of experts and others in the community. Expert authors provide evidence assessment and management summaries through presentation of relevant cases. Community practitioner reviewers ensure real-world relevance of each discussion. For localized rectal cancer, the standard of care is neoadjuvant chemoradiation (CRT) followed by a low anterior resection (LAR) or abdominoperineal resection (APR). For distal, well-lateralized T2 lesions, local excision (LE) alone, with or without CRT, may result in higher local and distant recurrence rates, and is therefore controversial. The chapter provides residents, fellows, and clinicians with a practical, evidence-based guide to the current management of difficult cases in radiation oncology.
A Scheme to Classify Clouds with the Depolarization Ratio andBackscattering Coeffcient Measured by Lidar (2005)

The optical properties of clouds were measured with a polarization Mie lidar during April, 2004 and investigated to categorize the particles detected by the lidar. The cloud layers were categorized into five types according to the depolarization ratios, as follows: (I) constant and small (less than 5%); increasing with height (II) nearly from 0% and (III) from about 50%; (IV) large and varying with the backscattering coefficient; and (V) sharply decreasing. This categorization of clouds enabled us to separate aerosols from clouds in a lidar signal. Comparison of the backscattering coefficients between clouds of types (I) and (II) suggested that the depolarization ratio induced by multiple scattering in dense clouds does not depend on the particle density. Estimation of the particle phase for the five cloud categories was also examined.
A Novel Low-Temperature Ceramic Binder for Fabricating Value -Added Products from Ordinary Wastes and Stabilizing Hazardous and Radioactive Wastes (1997)

(1997). A Novel Low-Temperature Ceramic Binder for Fabricating Value -Added Products from Ordinary Wastes and Stabilizing Hazardous and Radioactive Wastes. Materials Technology: Vol. 12, No. 5-6, pp. 149-153.
Structure of longitudinal vortices shedding periodically from two cylinders in a cruciform arrangement (1996)

It was reported in earlier papers by the present authors that longitudinal vortices shed periodically from two cylinders in a cruciform arrangement with a gap s between them, placed in otherwise uniform flow. The longitudinal vortices can cause a strong vibration of the upstream cylinder. When the gap-to-diameter ratio s/d≤0.25, trailing vortices are shed periodically, and when 0.25≤s/d≤0.5, necklace vortices are shed periodically.In this work, the structure and the shedding process of the two types of the longitudinal vortices were investigated through flow visualization in a water tunnel. The vortex shedding frequency fv was obtained by a hot-film anemometer. Results concerning St-Re (St :Strouhal number, Re :Reynolds number) relationship for the longitudinal vortices obtained by the water tunnel measurements were found to correlate well with those by wind tunnel measurements.
Design of a Biologically Inspired Directional Acoustic Sensor (2002)

Abstract : The development of a novel, biologically inspired acoustic sensor will be presented. The primary goal of this effort is to construct a miniature device that is capable of detecting the orientation of an incident sound source with an accuracy of 2 deg. The design approach follows from our investigation of the mechanics of directional hearing in the parasitoid fly, Ormia ochracea. This animal has been shown to be able to detect changes in the line of bearing as small as 2 deg A. Mason, M. Oshinsky, and R. Hoy, Hyperacute directional hearing in a micro-scale auditory system, Nature 4/5/01. The tympanal structures of the ears of this animal suggest a novel approach to designing very small directionally sensitive microphones. Candidate microphone diaphragm designs are presented that are being fabricated using silicon microfabrication technology. Model results indicate that the design can achieve significant performance improvements over the conventional approach of making directional microphones. This includes a nearly 20 dB reduction in self-noise, and roughly a factor of 10 improvement in low frequency sensitivity.
Potential SPECT imaging radiotracers targeting necroptosis: I-123 labeled necrostatin-1 and necrostatin-3 derivatives (2014)

332 Objectives Comparing with the two well-established biochemical cell death pathways apoptosis and necrosis, necroptosis is a relatively novel concept. Our goals are to develop radiolabeled necrostatin (Nec) derivatives, which act as imaging agents targeting necroptosis, to help diagnose diseases and monitor their treatment. Methods 7-123I-Nec-1 was synthesized by Cu(I) catalyzed halogen exchange reaction with precursor 7-Br-Nec-1. Three 123I labeled Nec-3 derivatives (R isomers, 8-123I-Nec-3R, 3’-123I-Nec-3R, and 4’-123I- Nec-3R) were prepared by iodo-destannylation reactions through tributyltin precursors. The stability of the tracers was tested in rat serum at 37 °C for 1 day. In vitro cellular uptake of 7-123I-Nec-1was assessed in h9c2 cardiomyocytes, treated with TNFα and zVAD to stimulate necroptosis. The biodistribution properties of 7-123I-Nec-1and 3’-123I-Nec-3R were evaluated in normal rats at 2 hr post injection (p.i.). Results 7-123I-Nec-1 and three 123I labeled Nec-3 derivatives were synthesized and purified by RP-HPLC to achieve > 95% radiochemical purity. All tracers were stable in rat serum for 1 day. 7-123I-Nec-1 showed higher uptake in stimulated necroptotic h9c2 cardiomyocytes compared with control cells. 39-123I-Nec-3R was mainly excreted through liver and intestine, while 7-123I-Nec-1was mostly cleared through kidney and urine, which may related to the higher lipophilicity of the Nec-3 compound. The stomach and thyroid uptake of 39-123I-Nec-3R was significantly lower than 7-123I-Nec-1, indicating its better in vivo stability. 39-123I-Nec-3R also showed faster blood clearance, which may be beneficial for in vivo SPECT vascular imaging studies. Conclusions Four Nec compounds were successfully labeled with 123I. 7-123I-Nec-1 was taken by necroptotic h9c2 cardiomyocytes. 39-123I-Nec-3R showed less deiodination and a more favorable biodistribution profile than 7-123I-Nec-1. These 123I-Nec tracers are potential SPECT imaging agents targeting necroptosis.
Depth extraction method with subpixel matching for light‐coding‐based depth camera (2018)

Depth images extracted by light‐coding‐based depth cameras are widely used to reconstruct three‐dimensional scenes in recent years. However, the retrieved depth accuracy greatly influences the reconstruction quality. Here, the authors present an appropriate depth extraction method based on subpixel matching to improve the depth accuracy. The proposed method utilises nearest neighbour interpolation to the projector's image plane to obtain depth values at subpixel accuracy, thereby better preserving the important depth information without changing any inner structure of the depth camera. Experimental results show that the proposed method improves the depth images both on image quality and depth accuracy.
Functional modification of agarose: Synthesis of nanosize half-esters of succinic, phthalic and maleic acids (2015)

A facile synthetic method for preparing new half-esters of agarose (Ag) with succinic (SA), phthalic (PA) and maleic (MA) acids has been described. The half-esters (Ag-SA, Ag-PA and Ag-MA) wherein the acid moieties are attached to the backbone of the agarose are characterized. Dynamic light scattering measurements show that nano-sized polymeric vesicles (32-124 nm) are formed in aqueous solution. A series of Ag-SA, Ag-PA and Ag-MA derivatives have been prepared with degrees of substitution ranging from 0.36 to 0.89 using varying molar ratios of Ag/SA, Ag/PA and Ag/MA (1:1–1:5). The highest degrees of substitution are found to be 0.89, 0.69 and 0.39 for Ag-SA (1:4), Ag-PA (1:3) and Ag-MA (1:2) respectively. The aqueous solution of sodium salts of these esters exhibit enhanced electrical conductivity (ca. 17.5 mS/cm at 40 °C) as compared to those of the parent half-esters (ca. 0.3 mS/cm at 40 °C). These new agarose based nanosized materials may have potential applications in electrochemical devices, sensors and as drug carriers.
Pol-InSAR scenarios for surface parameter estimation (2003)

It is suggested that patients with the haemolytic-uraemic syndrome and related disorders (such as thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura) lack a plasma factor which stimulates prostacyclin (P.G.I2) activity. Normal plasma would supply the missing factor and is a rational treatment for some life-threatening symptoms (thrombocytopenia, haemolytic anaemia, hypertension) of this syndrome.
NEEDLE CATHODES FOR HIGH-BRIGHTNESS BEAMS (2007)

At the tips of sharp needles, the surface electric field is enhanced by many orders of magnitude. This intensifies thermionic emission and photoemission of electrons through the Schottky effect, and reduces the effect of space charge. The increased current density improves the brightness of electron sources by orders of magnitude. In addition, at very high fields (&gt;10 9 V/m ), field emission and photo-field emission produce very high current density. Arrays of needles can be used to achieve high total current.
Role of high pressures in semiconductor research (1994)

Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter Facebook Reddit LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Reprints and Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation William Paul, John H. Burnett, Hyeonsik M. Cheong; Role of high pressures in semiconductor research. AIP Conf. Proc. 10 July 1994; 309 (1): 545–548. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.46094 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAIP Publishing PortfolioAIP Conference Proceedings Search Advanced Search |Citation Search
Appendix A: Summary of Experimental Details (2010)

This appendix contains sections titled: Adu-Wusu and Wilcox (1991b) Baumann et al. (2005) Essington and Anderson (2008) Farrah et al. (1987) Fukushi and Sverjensky (2007) Givrin et al. (1996) Goldberg et al. (1993a) Goldberg et al. (1993b) Goldberg et al. (1996) Goldberg (2005) Guan et al. (2005) Guan et al. (2006) Helyar et al. (1976a) Helyar et al. (1976b) Hiemstra et al. (1987) Hiemstra et al. (1999) Hingston et al. (1971) Hingston et al. (1972) Jepson et al. (1976) Jodin et al. (2005) Kavanagh et al. (1975) Kinniburgh et al. (1975) Li and Xu (2008) Liu et al. (2006) Manning and Goldberg (1996) Masue et al. (2009) McBride (1982) McBride et al. (1984) McKinley et al. (1995) Meng and Letterman (1993a) Meng and Letterman (1993b) Micera et al. (1986) Mishra et al. (2007) Music (1986) Okazaki et al. (1986) Okazaki et al. (1989) Parfitt et al. (1977) Peak (2006) Pokrovsky et al. (2008) Roberts et al. (2003) Rosenqvist et al. (2002) Saeki (2004) Sarkar et al. (1999) Tochiyama et al. (1996) Van Emmerik et al. (2007) Weerasooriya et al. (2000) Weerasooriya et al. (2001) Weerasooriya et al. (2002) Weerasooriya et al. (2003) Weerasooriya et al. (2004) Weerasooriya et al. (2006) Weerasooriya et al. (2007b) Wiesner et al. (2006) Xu et al. (2008) Yang et al. (2007a) Zachara et al. (1994) Zhang et al. (2005) Zhang et al. (2006)
Effectiveness of self-supervised pre-training for speech recognition (2019)

We compare self-supervised representation learning algorithms which either explicitly quantize the audio data or learn representations without quantization. We find the former to be more accurate since it builds a good vocabulary of the data through vq-wav2vec [1] to enable learning of effective representations in subsequent BERT training. Different to previous work, we directly fine-tune the pre-trained BERT models on transcribed speech using a Connectionist Temporal Classification (CTC) loss instead of feeding the representations into a task-specific model. We also propose a BERT-style model learning directly from the continuous audio data and compare pre-training on raw audio to spectral features. Fine-tuning a BERT model on 10 hour of labeled Librispeech data with a vq-wav2vec vocabulary is almost as good as the best known reported system trained on 100 hours of labeled data on testclean, while achieving a 25% WER reduction on test-other. When using only 10 minutes of labeled data, WER is 25.2 on test-other and 16.3 on test-clean. This demonstrates that self-supervision can enable speech recognition systems trained on a near-zero amount of transcribed data.
Maximizing performance in a striped disk array (1990)

Improvements in disk speeds have not kept up with improvements in processor and memory speeds. One way to correct the resulting speed mismatch is to stripe data across many disks. In this paper, we address how to stripe data to get maximum performance from the disks. Specifically, we examine how to choose the striping unit, i.e. the amount of logically contiguous data on each disk. We synthesize rules for determining the best striping unit for a given range of workloads. We show how the choice of striping unit depends on only two parameters: 1) the number of outstanding requests in the disk system at any given time, and 2) the average positioning time × data transfer rate of the disks. We derive an equation for the optimal striping unit as a function of these two parameters; we also show how to choose the striping unit without prior knowledge about the workload.
Phenological features of spring rapeseed depending on the seeding rates (2022)

The article presents the results of studies of the duration of the phases of development of spring rape at different seeding rates.It was found that the seeding rate had an impact on the growing season of spring rape: with an increase in the seeding rate, a more accelerated passage of the development phases was observed.