gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Direct C2 Indole Trifluoromethylation Using Togni’s Reagent (2010)

Reported is the trifluoromethylation of substituted indoles via copper catalysis employing Togni’s reagent as CF3 source. Solvent and catalyst screens are described. Indole C3 EWG substitution leads to lower yields of products; however, benzene ring substitution is well tolerated. N-Acyl indoles lead to inefficient transformations.
Fatty Acid Synthesis De Novo in Human Adipose Tissue (1974)

1. Homogenates of subcutaneous adipose tissue from obese subjects contained sufficient citrate cleavage enzyme (EC 4.1.3.8: ATP—citrate oxaloacetate lyase), acetyl-CoA carboxylase (EC 6.4.1.2: acetyl-CoA—carbon dioxide ligase) and fatty acid synthetase to account for the rates of fatty acid synthesis reported in the literature for intact tissues in vitro. 2. The distribution of label in fatty acids after incubations of adipose tissue with [1-14C]acetate was consistent with fatty acid synthesis de novo, not chain elongation. 3. The activities of citrate cleavage enzyme and fatty acid synthetase in subcutaneous adipose tissue were reduced by short periods of starvation. 4. These findings indicate that human adipose tissue is capable of fatty acid synthesis de novo and that two of the enzymes concerned adapt to starvation.
사교육 수요 분석 : 학습보충론과 미래투자론 (2008)

이 연구에서는 사교육 수요를 심층적으로 분석하기 위해서 다음과 같은 연구문제를 설정하였다. 첫째, 사교육 수요를 결정하는 주된 요인은 무엇인가? 둘째, 사교육 수요는 어떠한 속성(현재지향적 학습보충, 미래지향적 투자)을 갖는 가? 셋째, 사교육 수요결정 요인은 학생과 학부모에 따라 차이가 있는가? 이 연구를 위해서 5개...
Socially intelligent task and motion planning for human-robot interaction. (2019)

As social beings, much human behavior is predicated on social context - the ambient social state that includes cultural norms, social signals, individual preferences, etc. In this paper, we propose a socially-aware task and motion planning algorithm that considers social context to generate appropriate and effective plans in human social environments (HSEs). The key strength of our proposed approach is that it explicitly models how potential actions not only affect objective cost, but also transform the social context in which it plans and acts. We investigate strategies to limit the complexity of our algorithm, so that our planner will remain tractable for mobile platforms in complex HSEs like hospitals and factories. The planner will also consider the relative importance and urgency of its tasks, which it uses to determine when it is and is not appropriate to violate social expectations to achieve its objective. This social awareness will allow robots to understand a fundamental rule of society: just because something makes your job easier, does not make it the right thing to do! 
To our knowledge, the proposed work is the first task and motion planning approach that supports socially intelligent robot policy for HSEs. Through this ongoing work, robots will be able to understand, respect, and leverage social context accomplish tasks both acceptably and effectively in HSEs.
The YouTube video recommendation system (2010)

We discuss the video recommendation system in use at YouTube, the world's most popular online video community. The system recommends personalized sets of videos to users based on their activity on the site. We discuss some of the unique challenges that the system faces and how we address them. In addition, we provide details on the experimentation and evaluation framework used to test and tune new algorithms. We also present some of the findings from these experiments.
B-Alkylcatecholboranes as a Source of Radicals for Efficient Conjugate Additions to Unsaturated Ketones and Aldehydes (1999)

Selective generation of radicals from organoboranes is reported. A simple one-pot procedure involving a hydroboration with catecholborane followed by a radical reaction has been developed (see equation).
The Cav3–Kv4 Complex Acts as a Calcium Sensor to Maintain Inhibitory Charge Transfer during Extracellular Calcium Fluctuations (2013)

Synaptic transmission and neuronal excitability depend on the concentration of extracellular calcium ([Ca](o)), yet repetitive synaptic input is known to decrease [Ca](o) in numerous brain regions. In the cerebellar molecular layer, synaptic input reduces [Ca](o) by up to 0.4 mm in the vicinity of stellate cell interneurons and Purkinje cell dendrites. The mechanisms used to maintain network excitability and Purkinje cell output in the face of this rapid change in calcium gradient have remained an enigma. Here we use single and dual patch recordings in an in vitro slice preparation of Sprague Dawley rats to investigate the effects of physiological decreases in [Ca](o) on the excitability of cerebellar stellate cells and their inhibitory regulation of Purkinje cells. We find that a Ca(v)3-K(v)4 ion channel complex expressed in stellate cells acts as a calcium sensor that responds to a decrease in [Ca]o by dynamically adjusting stellate cell output to maintain inhibitory charge transfer to Purkinje cells. The Ca(v)3-K(v)4 complex thus enables an adaptive regulation of inhibitory input to Purkinje cells during fluctuations in [Ca](o), providing a homeostatic control mechanism to regulate Purkinje cell excitability during repetitive afferent activity.
BOP: Benchmark for 6D Object Pose Estimation (2018)

We propose a benchmark for 6D pose estimation of a rigid object from a single RGB-D input image. The training data consists of a texture-mapped 3D object model or images of the object in known 6D poses. The benchmark comprises of: i) eight datasets in a unified format that cover different practical scenarios, including two new datasets focusing on varying lighting conditions, ii) an evaluation methodology with a pose-error function that deals with pose ambiguities, iii) a comprehensive evaluation of 15 diverse recent methods that captures the status quo of the field, and iv) an online evaluation system that is open for continuous submission of new results. The evaluation shows that methods based on point-pair features currently perform best, outperforming template matching methods, learning-based methods and methods based on 3D local features. The project website is available at bop.felk.cvut.cz.
Macrophage Colony‐Stimulating Factor (M‐CSF), As Well As Granulocyte Colony‐Stimulating Factor (G‐CSF), Accelerates Neovascularization (2005)

It has been reported that bone marrow cells (BMCs) differentiate into endothelial cells of blood vessels, and that granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) mobilizes progenitors in the BMCs to the peripheral blood, while macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) augments the production of monocytes. We examined whether M-CSF augments the differentiation of BMCs into endothelial cells of blood vessels using a hindlimb-ischemic model. Either G-CSF or M-CSF, or both, was administered to the hindlimb-ischemic mice for 3 days. Both M-CSF and G-CSF augmented the differentiation of BMCs into endothelial cells of blood vessels through vascular endothelial cell growth factor (VEGF), resulting in early recovery of blood flow in the ischemic limbs.
Dipalladium Catalyst for Olefin Polymerization: Introduction of Acrylate Units into the Main Chain of Branched Polyethylene (2014)

Abstract A dipalladium complex with a double‐decker structure catalyzes ethylene–acrylate copolymerization to produce the branched polymer containing the acrylate units in the polymer chain, not at the branch terminus. The cooperation of the two palladium centers, which are fixed in a rigid framework of the macrocyclic ligand, is proposed to have a significant dinuclear effect on the copolymerization.
A novel immune cell signature predicts pathological complete response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in triple negative breast cancer patients in the Q-CROC3 trial. (2022)

e12614 Background: Tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) have been associated with good prognosis and response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Several reports have shown that the heterogeneity of tumor infiltrating immune cells affects the response to chemotherapy, with for example low levels of FOXP3 expressing T cells associated with good prognosis and pathological complete response (pCR) to chemotherapy. Methods: We examined different immune cell markers on 52 pre-chemotherapy biopsy specimens obtained from triple negative breast cancer patients undergoing neo-adjuvant chemotherapy from the Q-CROC-03 trial. Slides were stained for CD8, CD3,PD-1, PDL-1, FOXP-3 and Granzyme B using multi-colour immunohistochemistry and automated cell counting of stroma and epithelial counts was conducted using the Vectra/inForm image analysis platform. We had total of 39 variables for analysis and we performed Penalized logistic regression for variable selection. Results: Nine variables were found statistically significant to predict response to chemotherapy, PD1+ stroma counts being the one with the highest probability of association with response. A tree algorithm was then used on all 9 variables to identify the best variable and threshold combination to identify patients who respond to chemotherapy. We separated our cohort in test (25% of samples n = 13) and training (75% of samples n = 39) sets for this analysis. Restricting the tree depth to 2 variables for clinical interpretability identified the combination of average counts of stromal PD1+ and average density of stromal FOXP3+ as predictors of chemo response (accuracy 0.82). Both stromal average PD1+ counts and average stromal FOXP3+ density positively correlated with the levels of TILS. Conclusions: Combining FOXP3 and PD1 protein expression in the stroma of pre-treatment biopsies of triple negative breast cancers receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy is highly predictive of pCR.
Simple models for assessing migration from food-packaging films (2002)

Owing to their simplicity, two migration models based on Fick's Second Law have been frequently used for the assessment of migration of additives and contaminants from food-packaging films. While the two models are known to provide accurate estimates of diffusion coefficients for complete migration, they could generate considerable estimation errors for significantly partitioned migration. In this paper, the applicability of the two models to partitioned migration is defined by examining the assumptions and derivations of the two models as well as their errors in estimating diffusion coefficients. Furthermore, a simple migration model, based on more realistic assumptions than the two models, is proposed. The proposed model can provide far better estimates of diffusion coefficients for partitioned migration than the two models.
Mapping Local Photocurrents in Polymer/Fullerene Solar Cells with Photoconductive Atomic Force Microscopy (2007)

The performance of organic solar cells is highly dependent on film morphology. However, directly correlating local film structures with device performance remains challenging. We demonstrate that photoconductive atomic force microscopy (pcAFM) can be used to map local photocurrents with 20 nm resolution in donor/acceptor blend solar cells of the conjugated polymer poly[2-methoxy-5-(3',7'-dimethyloctyl-oxy)-1,4-phenylene vinylene] (MDMO-PPV) with the fullerene (6,6)-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) spin-coated from various solvents. We present photocurrent maps under short-circuit conditions (zero applied bias) as well as under various applied voltages. We find significant variation in the short-circuit current between regions that appear identical in AFM topography. These variations occur from one domain to another as well as on larger length scales incorporating multiple domains. These results suggest that the performance of polymer-fullerene blends can still be improved through better control of morphology.
<title>Passive and active bistatic target and background studies at 95 GHz</title> (1995)

Recently, the Naval Research Laboratory conducted 95 GHz passive and active measurements of a variety of targets on land and water backgrounds. The 95 GHz receiver system used stepped vertical raster scans to acquire images at both vertical and horizontal polarizations in passive mode, and at VV (vertical transmit/vertical receive), VH, HV, and HH polarizations in the active bistatic mode. Since the system operated in either passive or bistatic modes, the vertical and horizontal passive images are time-coincident, and with a single polarization source, the VV and VH bistatic images are time-coincident, as are the HV and HH images. Thus, comparisons among the various type of millimeter wave data are obtained by revisiting a given scene, and comparing areas within an image. The targets used were trihedral corner reflectors ranging in size from 20 to 60 cm, metal spheres, flat plates and sheets of microwave absorber. With 0.5 meter resolution at a range of 100 meters, and a 0.25 degree kelvin noise temperature for 0.1 seconds averaging, the system imaged these small targets floating on the water, and viewed scenes behind tree foliage. Initial analysis of the data using one-dimensional Fourier theory has enhanced the detection of the small targets. Further, additional spatial information obtained using polarization contrasts suggests the presence of sub-resolution elements within the images that may be enhanced using beam-shaping techniques.
Molecular characterisation of two paralogous SPO11 homologues in Arabidopsis thaliana (2000)

The Spo11 protein of yeast has been found to be covalently bound to double-strand breaks in meiosis, demonstrating a unique role of the protein in the formation of these breaks. Homologues of the SPO11 gene have been found in various eukaryotes, indicating that the machinery involved in meiotic recombination is conserved in eukaryotes. Here we report on SPO11 homologues in plants. In contrast to what is known from other eukaryotes, Arabidopsis thaliana carries in its genome at least two SPO11 homologues, AtSPO11-1 and AtSPO11-2. Both genes are not more closely related to each other than to other eukaryotic SPO11 homologues, indicating that they did not arise via a recent duplication event during higher plant evolution. For both genes three different poly-adenylation sites were found. AtSPO11-1 is expressed not only in generative but also to a lesser extent in somatic tissues. We were able to detect in different organs various AtSPO11-1 cDNAs in which introns were differently spliced-a surprising phenomenon also reported for SPO11 homologues in mammals. In the case of AtSPO11-2 we found that the 3' end of the mRNA is overlapping with a mRNA produced by a gene located in inverse orientation next to it. This points to a possible antisense regulation mechanism. Our findings hint to the intriguing possibility that, at least for plants, Spo11-like proteins might have more and possibly other biological functions than originally anticipated for yeast.
The U.S. National Reference Preparation for alpha-fetoprotein in mid-pregnancy maternal serum. (1982)

Journal Article The U.S. National Reference Preparation for alpha-fetoprotein in mid-pregnancy maternal serum. Get access C B Reimer, C B Reimer Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar S J Smith, S J Smith Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar T W Wells T W Wells Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Clinical Chemistry, Volume 28, Issue 4, 1 April 1982, Pages 709–716, https://doi.org/10.1093/clinchem/28.4.709 Published: 01 April 1982
A prospective longitudinal study to assess psychological changes following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction surgery (2008)

During rehabilitation there are significant psychological differences regarding sport resumption between athletes who do, and do not, resume competitive sport 12 months following ACL reconstruction. These differences occur as early as 6 months postoperatively and highlight the importance of addressing all aspects of an athlete's recovery in order to help facilitate the athlete returning to sport.
Laser pulser for a time-of-flight laser radar (1997)

A laser pulser for a pulsed time-of-flight laser radar is presented. The pulser is constructed using a single avalanche transistor in order to keep the schematic simple and to avoid the problems encountered when connecting several avalanche transistors in parallel. The schematic of the laser pulser was optimized and it was noticed that the optical peak pulse power of the laser can be increased significantly by adding a parallel capacitor to the laser. The measured increase of the optical power was up to 26%. The simulations show that the parallel capacitor and also the serial inductances of the components in the laser pulser play a significant role in adjusting the shape of the current pulse. In order to find the transistor, which gives the highest current, the properties of several transistor types were compared. It was noticed that there can be a great difference between the avalanche properties of a group of transistors even if they are of the same type.
Applications of the NIST ROBOCRANE. (1994)

The Robot Systems Division of the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) has recently been experimenting with a variety of applications for the NIST ROBOCRANE. The ROBOCRANE design utilizes the basic idea of the Stewart Platform parallel link manipulator. The unique feature of the NIST approach is to use cables as the parallel links and to use winches as the actuators. Depending on what is suspended from its work platform, the ROBOCRANE has land, air, water, and space applications. A 2-meter version and a 6-meter version of the ROBOCRANE have been built and critical performance characteristics analyzed. Through these and other conceptual models, example applications for ROBOCRANE are: flexible-structure mobility, heavy material handling, and flexible fixturing on land; rescue and personnel/ equipment maneuverability in air; subsea pipe-laying/removal, lifting, and salvage from stable or unstable references on water; and lightweight, long distance lunar rover capabilites in space. All applications of ROBOCRANE include a large work volume, six degree-of-freedom control, precision maneuverability, and enhanced crane capabilities. This paper describes ROBOCRANE's present and future performance measurements, control system designs, and the conceptual designs for a multitude of applications.
An ESR study of the reaction of silver atoms with B2F4 under matrix isolation conditions (2002)

Diboron tetrafluoride has been found by ESR to complex with silver atoms when the species are deposited together in hydrocarbon matrices at 77 K in a rotating cryostat. The major feature in the ESR spectra of the deposit in adamantane and cyclohexane matrices (Ag ∶ B2F4 ∶ matrix ratio of ∼1 ∶ 5 ∶ 500) was an almost isotropic set of two doublets of 13 (or possibly 15)-line multiplets. The two sets of doublets arise from the almost equally abundant 107Ag and 109Ag isotopes with I = 1/2. The multiplets on each silver line indicate hyperfine interaction with either four equivalent 11B nuclei (I = 3/2) or two equivalent 11B nuclei and four equivalent 19F nuclei. Multiplets from the less abundant 10B isotope (19.8%, I = 3) were not resolvable. The almost isotropic multiplets are best simulated as axial spectra with |A∥|(11B) = 17.5 MHz and |A⊥|(11B) = 14.1 MHz and Aiso(107Ag) = 1371.0 MHz. The complex is either [Ag(B2F4)2] or [Ag(B2F4)]. Assuming that A∥ and A⊥ are both positive, the total spin density is calculated to be 0.85 in [Ag(B2F4)2] and 0.80 in [Ag(B2F4)]. The most likely structures together with density function calculations on these two possibilities are discussed.
Compensation of a sensory deficit inflicted upon newborn and adult animals. A behavioural study (1993)

Somatosensory deprivation (bilateral vibrissa clipping) was performed on newborn (P1) and adult (P80) rats and, on 10 successive days starting on day 81, the effect of sensory deprivation was tested in a rectangular maze versus controls. The maze performance (the time to reach the goal-box with food reward) of the P80 animals was significantly poorer than that of P1 animals. The tests repeatedly demonstrated, however, that the maze performance achieved by the P1 animals was better than that of the controls. This behavioural study clearly revealed that early sensory deprivation induced (probably cross-modal) compensatory changes in other sensory systems.
PI3Kγ (Phosphoinositide 3-Kinase γ) Regulates Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Phenotypic Modulation and Neointimal Formation Through CREB (Cyclic AMP-Response Element Binding Protein)/YAP (Yes-Associated Protein) Signaling (2019)

Objective- Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) phenotype modulation is critical for the resolution of vascular injury. Genetic and pharmacological inhibition of PI3Kγ (phosphoinositide 3-kinase γ) exerts anti-inflammatory and protective effects in multiple cardiovascular diseases. This study investigated the role of PI3Kγ and its downstream effector molecules in the regulation of VSMC phenotypic modulation and neointimal formation in response to vascular injury. Approach and Results- Increased expression of PI3Kγ was found in injured vessel wall as well in cultured, serum-activated wild-type VSMCs, accompanied by a reduction in the expression of calponin and SM22α, 2 differentiation markers of VSMCs. However, the injury-induced downregulation of calponin and SM22α was profoundly attenuated in PI3Kγ<sup>-/-</sup> mice. Pharmacological inhibition and short hairpin RNA knockdown of PI3Kγ (PI3Kγ-KD) markedly attenuated YAP (Yes-associated protein) expression and CREB (cyclic AMP-response element binding protein) activation but improved the downregulation of differentiation genes in cultured VSMCs accompanied by reduced cell proliferation and migration. Mechanistically, activated CREB upregulated YAP transcriptional expression through binding to its promoter. Ectopic expression of YAP strikingly repressed the expression of differentiation genes even in PI3Kγ-KD VSMCs. Moreover, established carotid artery ligation and chimeric mice models demonstrate that deletion of PI3Kγ in naïve PI3Kγ<sup>-/-</sup> mice as well as in chimeric mice lacking PI3Kγ either in bone marrow or vascular wall significantly reduced neointimal formation after injury. Conclusions- PI3Kγ controls phenotypic modulation of VSMCs by regulating transcription factor CREB activation and YAP expression. Modulating PI3Kγ signaling on local vascular wall may represent a new therapeutic approach to treat proliferative vascular disease.
Opportunities and Challenges for Development of a Mature Concentrating Photovoltaic Power Industry (Revision) (2008)

This report summarizes the current status of the CPV industry and is updated from previous versions to include information from the last year. New information presented at the CPV-8 conference is included along with the addition of new companies that have announced their interest in CPV, and estimates of production volumes for 2011 and 2012.
Structural features in aminoacyl-tRNAs required for recognition by elongation factor Tu. (1987)

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