gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
What is new in the treatment of eosinophilic eosophagitis? (2011)

In November 2009, in the beautiful city of Venice, Italy, at the first EAACI Pediatric Allergy and Asthma Meeting, I discussed Eosinophilic Esophagitis (EoE) as an emerging disorder. I discussed the diagnosis of the disorder based on histopathologic findings of esophageal eosinophilia of >15 cells per high power field, after 3 months of treatment with a proton pump inhibitors. I discussed several therapeutic modalities that are used in practice, some with good evidence, others without: dietary interventions: elimination diets, six food elimination diet and elemental diets; medical management: topically administered steroids, aerosolized fluticasone or budesonide; and experimental therapies: anti-IL5 and anti-IgE antibodies. Now in 2011, I am pleased to return to the beautiful city of Venice to present at the first EAACI Food Allergy and Anaphylaxis Meeting (FAAM) on exciting new advances in the treatment of EoE. The advances are a translation from the bench to the bedside of much work on the pathogenesis and genetics of EoE. I am also pleased to see, that while reports of EoE had been mostly from the USA and Switzerland, and mostly on pediatric patients, there is ample literature now from several additional European countries and emerging expertise on adult patients. I will be presenting new data on the use of topical budesonide both in pediatrics and adults, the continuing debate on the effect of proton pump inhibitors in differentiating EoE from reflux eosophagitis and in treatment of EoE. Several studies with biologic agents, anti-IL 5 antibodies, mepolizumab and reslizumab, have been completed and yielded interesting data on the disorder, its course and its response to treatment. Finally, I will present data on novel mechanisms of EoE, from mast cell and B cell involvement and local IgE production to a role of IL-13. The recently elucidated role of IL-13 in EoE has resulted in an ongoing clinical trial of anti-IL-13 antibody in patients with EoE. I am looking forward to hearing from you, FAAM attendees on your own experiences with patients with EoE and your innovation in further elucidating the triggers for EoE and the successes of your management.
Permeability model for a woven fabric (1996)

Abstract The resin transfer molding (RTM) method is used to manufacture composite parts. The reinforcing fibers are placed in a mold cavity and the resin is injected to fill up the empty spaces. After the resin cures, the mold is opened and the part ejected. To predict necessary pressures and filling times and the proper locations for the inlet ports for resin injection and vents for air ejection it is necessary to model the resin infiltration process. A key to this modeling is permeability which characterizes the resistance of fibers to the flow of infiltrating resin. A simplified model for in‐plane permeability of fabric reinforcement (preform) is developed here. This model uses lubrication theory for modeling the flow through open pores and Darcy's law for the transverse flow through the reinforcement. Scaling analysis is provided to justify the simplification and to estimate the range of validity for resulting expressions. Extension of the model to cover multi‐layered preforms is derived. Boundary conditions and the data necessary to specify the problem geometry are discussed. A numerical experiment is conducted to estimate the influence of the transverse permeability of the preform on the solution. A calculation is provided for the permeability of a plain weave fabric.
Conductance of polymer nanowires fabricated by a combined electrodeposition and mechanical break junction method (2001)

We electrochemically deposit conducting polymer to bridge two closely placed electrodes, and then form a polymer nanowire by stretching the polymer bridge with the electrodes. During stretching, the conductance increases initially as the polymer chains are aligned in parallel, and then decreases in a stepwise fashion, due to abrupt changes in the nanowire thickness. We study the current–voltage (I–V) characteristics of the nanowire as a function of its electrochemical potential in an analogous fashion to the control of the gate voltage in semiconductor devices. Depending on the potential, the I–V curves vary from ohmic to rectifying characteristics.
Towards an interoperable mobile wallet service (2013)

Advancement in mobile technology, coupled with a market wide growth in mobile subscriber base, is encouraging financial, telecom and even third party operators to offer mobile payment services. In presence of a plethora of such services, an imminent problem is lack of interoperability across them. In this work, we address the challenge of interoperability by designing a wallet service built upon a concept of token. A token encapsulates a payment instruction, which can be of different types, such as instant, dated or installment payment. A token is represented by a Info-Matrix code, viz. Quick-Response (QR) code, thereby bringing in additional advantages in terms of user interactions with the wallet service. We present the lifecycle management of a token, beginning with token generation on user request, transfer of token, and acknowledged receipt and encashment of a token. This work presents an architecture for interoperable wallet service, along with the implementation of a system that demonstrates the use of QR-codes as standardized tokens for transactions.
Point Transformer for Shape Classification and Retrieval of 3D and ALS Roof PointClouds (2020)

The success of deep learning methods led to significant breakthroughs in 3-D point cloud processing tasks with applications in remote sensing. Existing methods utilize convolutions that have some limitations, as they assume a uniform input distribution and cannot learn long-range dependencies. Recent works have shown that adding attention in conjunction with these methods improves performance. This raises a question: can attention layers completely replace convolutions? This paper proposes a fully attentional model - {\em Point Transformer}, for deriving a rich point cloud representation. The model's shape classification and retrieval performance are evaluated on a large-scale urban dataset - RoofN3D and a standard benchmark dataset ModelNet40. Extensive experiments are conducted to test the model's robustness to unseen point corruptions for analyzing its effectiveness on real datasets. The proposed method outperforms other state-of-the-art models in the RoofN3D dataset, gives competitive results in the ModelNet40 benchmark, and showcases high robustness to various unseen point corruptions. Furthermore, the model is highly memory and space efficient when compared to other methods.
Challenges in the Fabrication of Biodegradable and Implantable Optical Fibers for Biomedical Applications (2021)

The limited penetration depth of visible light in biological tissues has encouraged researchers to develop novel implantable light-guiding devices. Optical fibers and waveguides that are made from biocompatible and biodegradable materials offer a straightforward but effective approach to overcome this issue. In the last decade, various optically transparent biomaterials, as well as different fabrication techniques, have been investigated for this purpose, and in view of obtaining fully fledged optical fibers. This article reviews the state-of-the-art in the development of biocompatible and biodegradable optical fibers. Whilst several reviews that focus on the chemical properties of the biomaterials from which these optical waveguides can be made have been published, a systematic review about the actual optical fibers made from these materials and the different fabrication processes is not available yet. This prompted us to investigate the essential properties of these biomaterials, in view of fabricating optical fibers, and in particular to look into the issues related to fabrication techniques, and also to discuss the challenges in the use and operation of these optical fibers. We close our review with a summary and an outline of the applications that may benefit from these novel optical waveguides.
Multidimensionality of the Contact Potential Difference at the Nanoscale in Inorganic Oxides (2022)

Inorganic-oxide-based sample systems are popular for applications in catalysis, sensing, renewable energy, and fuel cells, in which electronic properties play important roles. Environmental conditions, e.g., temperature, can greatly impact the electronic properties and thereby the performance. The lack of basic knowledge of the local variation of electronic properties as a function of temperature limits the fundamental understanding of systems and hampers their robustness. Here, we present temperature-dependent scanning probe microscopy experiments to reveal the variation of contact potential difference (CPD) across different length scales. Our measurements demonstrate that the CPD of inorganic perovskites (e.g., SrTiO3) and metal-oxide semiconductors (e.g., TiO2) evolves significantly with temperature. We show that CPD variation depends on the locality of the measurement and originates from a thermodynamically driven intrinsic doping state. These results will facilitate a fundamental understanding of the electronic properties of oxides and thus ease emerging technologies, rationalized by engineering temperature-dependent electronic properties.
A Benchmark for Interpretability Methods in Deep Neural Networks (2018)

We propose an empirical measure of the approximate accuracy of feature importance estimates in deep neural networks. Our results across several large-scale image classification datasets show that many popular interpretability methods produce estimates of feature importance that are not better than a random designation of feature importance. Only certain ensemble based approaches---VarGrad and SmoothGrad-Squared---outperform such a random assignment of importance. The manner of ensembling remains critical, we show that some approaches do no better then the underlying method but carry a far higher computational burden.
Frontiers in medicine: New aspects of asthma (1992)

It has now become apparent that asthma, even in its mildest clinical manifestation, is a chronic inflammatory condition of the airways. There have been important advances in understanding the special features of inflammation in asthmatic airways and the role of critical inflammatory cells such as mast cells (important in the acute inflammatory response) and eosinophils, macrophages and T-lymphocytes (involved in the chronic inflammatory response). Many inflammatory mediators have been implicated in asthma, and the development of mediator antagonists suggests that sulphidopeptide leukotrienes may play an important role in bronchoconstrictor responses. Cytokines released from many different cells in the airways are likely to be important in orchestrating and perpetuating the chronic inflammatory response. Chronic inflammation has effects on airway vessels, mucus secretion, smooth muscle and nerves, with evidence to suggest that there are structural changes which may lead to persistent airway abnormalities. The therapeutic implication of these new discoveries is that much earlier use of anti-inflammatory treatments (such as inhaled steroids) is preferable to reliance on bronchodilators which do not control the underlying inflammatory process.
Breaking citrus juvenility by modulating endogenous miR156 and miR172 levels (2014)

The ability to either transform mature citrus directly or to transform juvenile citrus and also induce it to flower and set fruit within a few years is critical for evaluation of fruit quality, quantity and of horticultural performance of any transgenic trees.&nbsp; In plants, the transition from juvenile to adult stage is regulated by the sequential and complementary action of microRNAs miR156 and miR172.&nbsp; miR156 suppresses the expression of specific transcriptional factors that would otherwise promote the juvenile to adult phase transition, including factors that activate miR172, which directly promotes the transition.&nbsp; Here, we created a target mimic for miR156 to attempt to sequester miR156 and reduce its levels in juvenile citrus.&nbsp; We cloned the nonprotein coding gene IPS1 from Arabidopsis and replaced its native microRNA target with the predicted citrus target of citrus miR156, resulting in a citrus miR156 mimic gene, cMIM156.&nbsp; Five sweet orange (Hamlin) seedling transgenic plants expressing cMIM156 were produced and the endogenous miR172 levels were monitored over time.&nbsp; All five transgenic plants showed enhanced expression levels of miR172 (two exhibited 10X higher levels) compared to non-transgenic control plants regenerated from explants at the same time as transformants.&nbsp; By 1 year after transformation, miR172 levels were still 5X less than that observed using mature sweet orange, and no flowering has yet been observed.&nbsp; The levels of miR172 expression have increased over time, and we are attempting to establish a timeline for flowering of 3 years after transformation.
Vertical GAAFETs for the Ultimate CMOS Scaling (2015)

In this paper, we compare the performances of FinFETs, lateral gate-all-around (GAA) FETs, and vertical GAAFETs (VFETs) at 7-nm node dimensions and beyond. Comparison is done at ring oscillator level accounting not only for front-end of line devices but also for interconnects. It is demonstrated that FinFETs fail to maintain the performance at scaled dimensions, while VFETs demonstrate good scalability and eventually outperform lateral devices both in speed and power consumption. Lateral GAAFETs show better scalability with respect to FinFETs but still consume 35% more energy per switch than VFETs if made under 5-nm node design rules.
Design and Control of a Small-Clearance Driving Simulator (2008)

This paper presents a driving simulation whose aim is twofold: (1) to investigate the possibility of reducing motion clearance to achieve compact and low-cost driving simulators and (2) to evaluate multimodal and immersive virtual reality motion restitution in platooning driving. The choice has been made for a driving simulator having at least two degrees of freedom (DOF). These consist of the longitudinal displacement and seat rotations. The simulator is also equipped with a force feedback steering wheel for virtual drive assistance. These components are gathered on a serial kinematics-type platform to facilitate a control scheme and avoid the architecture complexity. A comparative study was made to devise a motion cueing strategy, taking into account both the psychophysical and technological constraints. Experimentations were carried out for several case combinations of the longitudinal displacement and seat rotations.
Negotiating Two Cultures: Hmong American College Women's Experiences of Being a Daughter (2015)

Phenomenological analysis was used to explore 14 Hmong American college women’s perceptions of their relationships with their parents. Participants perceived they had become more psychologically close to their parents as well as becoming more independent from them.&#13;\nParticipants also identified an important developmental task for them at this stage of their lives which was to balance two cultures, their culture of origin and U.S. culture. Implications for counselors are discussed.
An Oxidatively Releasable Caging Group that Senses Lipid Peroxidation. (2006)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
In VivoExpansion of Regulatory T Cells with IL-2/IL-2 Antibody Complex Protects against Transient Ischemic Stroke (2018)

Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are known to protect against ischemic stroke. However, the low frequency of Tregs restricts their clinical utility. This study investigated whether expanding the number of Tregs in vivo with the IL-2/IL-2 antibody complex (IL-2/IL-2Ab) could improve stroke outcomes and further elaborated the mechanisms of protection in male mice. C57BL/6 mice received IL-2/IL-2Ab or isotype IgG (IsoAb) intraperitoneally for 3 d before (pretreatment) or starting 2 h after (posttreatment) 60 min middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). IL-2/IL-2Ab selectively increased the number of Tregs in the blood, spleen, and lymph nodes. The IL-2/IL-2Ab treatment significantly reduced infarct volume, inhibited neuroinflammation, and improved sensorimotor functions, as manifested by rotarod test and foot fault test, compared with IsoAb-treated stroke mice. Treg depletion was then achieved by diphtheria toxin (DT) injection into transgenic mice expressing the DT receptor under the control of the Foxp3 promoter (DTR mice). The depletion of Tregs completely eliminated IL-2/IL-2Ab-afforded neuroprotection. Interestingly, adoptive transfer of Tregs collected from IL-2/IL-2Ab-treated mice demonstrated more potent neuroprotection than an equal number of Tregs prepared from IsoAb-treated mice, suggesting that IL-2/IL-2Ab not only elevated Treg numbers, but also boosted their functions. Mechanistically, IL-2/IL-2Ab promoted the expression of CD39 and CD73 in expanded Tregs. CD73 deficiency diminished the protective effect of IL-2/IL-2Ab-stimulated Tregs in stroke mice. The results show that IL-2/IL-2Ab expands Tregs in vivo and boosts their immunomodulatory function. The activation of CD39/CD73 signaling in Tregs may participate as a potential mechanism underlying IL-2/IL-2Ab-afforded neuroprotection against ischemic brain injury. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are known to protect against ischemic stroke. However, the low frequency of Tregs restricts their clinical utility. This study reported that systemic administration of the IL-2/IL-2 antibody complex (IL-2/IL-2Ab) robustly and selectively expanded the number of Tregs after stroke. IL-2/IL-2Ab pretreatment or posttreatment significantly improved stroke outcomes in a rodent model of ischemic stroke. We further discovered that IL-2/IL-2Ab not only elevated Treg numbers, but also boosted their functions and enhanced the expression of CD39 and CD73. Using CD73-deficient mice, we confirmed the importance of CD73 in the protective effect of IL-2/IL-2Ab-stimulated Tregs in stroke mice. These results shed light on IL-2/IL-2Ab as a clinically feasible immune therapy to boost endogenous Treg responses and ameliorate ischemic brain injury.
Supplementary Figures 1-2 from Growth Properties of Colonic Tumor Cells Are a Function of the Intrinsic Mitochondrial Membrane Potential (2023)

Supplementary Figures 1-2 from Growth Properties of Colonic Tumor Cells Are a Function of the Intrinsic Mitochondrial Membrane Potential
Tunable SIW Cavity-Based Dual-Mode Diplexers With Various Single-Ended and Balanced Ports (2017)

This paper presents, for the first time, tunable dual-mode substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) diplexers with various single-ended (SE) or balanced (BAL) ports. Dual-mode diplexing reduces the required volume by half while signal routing is achieved by proper coupling sections. Furthermore, the SIW resonators result in low loss and wide tunability. This paper experimentally demonstrates three designs with SE–SE, SE–BAL, and BAL–BAL port configurations. The SE–SE, SE–BAL, and BAL–BAL diplexers can be tuned starting from 2.07, 2.2, and 2 GHz, respectively, with a tuning range of 45%, 57.2%, and 63.5%, respectively. The average measured insertion loss is 1.32 dB for the SE–SE, 1.95 dB for the SE–BAL, and 2.15 dB for the BAL–BAL. The average size of the diplexer is <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$55{\times} 55$ </tex-math></inline-formula> mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> . For the proposed SE–BAL and BAL–BAL diplexers, the measured in-band common-mode rejection is better than 40 dB throughout the tuning range.
Predicting human gaze using low-level saliency combined with face detection (2007)

Under natural viewing conditions, human observers shift their gaze to allocate processing resources to subsets of the visual input. Many computational models try to predict such voluntary eye and attentional shifts. Although the important role of high level stimulus properties (e.g., semantic information) in search stands undisputed, most models are based on low-level image properties. We here demonstrate that a combined model of face detection and low-level saliency significantly outperforms a low-level model in predicting locations humans fixate on, based on eye-movement recordings of humans observing photographs of natural scenes, most of which contained at least one person. Observers, even when not instructed to look for anything particular, fixate on a face with a probability of over 80% within their first two fixations; furthermore, they exhibit more similar scanpaths when faces are present. Remarkably, our model’s predictive performance in images that do not contain faces is not impaired, and is even improved in some cases by spurious face detector responses.
Conformational requirements for inhibition of the pheromone catabolism in Spodoptera littoralis (1998)

In the present work we report the results of a molecular modeling study aimed at assessing the conformational requirements for binding to the Spodoptera littoralis antennal esterase. Comparative conformational analysis of the aliphatic chains of a selected group of trifluoromethyl ketone inhibitors, including good and poor analogs (compounds 1‐3 and poor 4‐5, respectively) resulted in a unique bioactive conformation, common to all active analogs. The conformation is open and exhibits its hydrophobic moiety distant from the carbonyl group. The present study also reports the results of an ab initio study on the relative strength of the intramolecular hydrogen bond between the hydrate and the function (O, S, SO and SO2 )i n b position to the carbonyl of some model compounds. The results correlate well with the relative inhibitory effect displayed by the parent trifluoromethyl ketones.
Hybridization and Polyploidization of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Strains by Transformation-Associated Cell Fusion (1985)

Hybrid or polyploid clones of Saccharomyces cerevisiae produced by protoplast fusion were easily isolated by selecting transformants with the plasmid phenotype because the transformation was directly associated with cell fusion. When haploid cells were used as the original strain, the transformants were mostly diploids with a significant fraction of polyploids (triploids or tetraploids). Repeated transformation after curing the plasmid gave rise to clones with higher ploidy, but the frequency of cell fusion was severely reduced as ploidy increased.