gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Tetragonal–Orthorhombic Phase Transition and F-Doping Effects on the Crystal Structure in the Iron-Based High-TcSuperconductor LaFeAsO (2008)

Crystal structure refinements of undoped and 14 at.% F-doped LaFeAsO ( T c =20 K) were performed over the temperature region of 25 to 300 K by synchrotron X-ray diffraction. The electronic structures of the crystals were also examined using density functional theory (DFT). Undoped LaFeAsO was observed to undergo a crystallographic transition from the tetragonal ( P 4/ n m m ) to orthorhombic ( C m m a ) phases at ∼160 K. This crystallographic transition was accompanied with an antiferromagnetic spin ordering at ∼140 K. The DFT calculation results suggest that both transitions were caused by the “Cooperative Jahn–Teller effect”. In contrast, an F-doped sample maintains the non-magnetic tetragonal phase down to 25 K. F-ion substitutions for the O sites changed the bond length and angle in the distorted LaO tetrahedron, whereas weaker geometric effects were observed in the FeAs layer. Further, the F-doping induced large decreases in the c -axis length and the La–As distance, suggesting an enhancement of the charge polarizations in the (LaO) δ+ and (FeAs) δ- layers as a result of electron transfer between two layers. The enhanced polarization and Fe–Fe interaction in the FeAs layer are likely to suppress the transitions leading to the emergence of a superconducting phase.
Endoscopic Transsphenoidal Pituitary Surgery with Intraoperative Magnetic Resonance Imaging (2006)

Combining intraoperative endoscopy and IMRI is feasible and distortion of the cathode ray tube screen can be overcome with the use of either a plasma or liquid crystal display screen. Each technology provides complementary information, which can assist the surgeon in safely maximizing the extent of resection. In this small series using a low-field magnet, rates of residual tumor following endoscopic transsphenoidal surgery were less than have been reported following microscope-based transsphenoidal surgery.
ArTIST: Autoregressive Trajectory Inpainting and Scoring for Tracking (2020)

One of the core components in online multiple object tracking (MOT) frameworks is associating new detections with existing tracklets, typically done via a scoring function. Despite the great advances in MOT, designing a reliable scoring function remains a challenge. In this paper, we introduce a probabilistic autoregressive generative model to score tracklet proposals by directly measuring the likelihood that a tracklet represents natural motion. One key property of our model is its ability to generate multiple likely futures of a tracklet given partial observations. This allows us to not only score tracklets but also effectively maintain existing tracklets when the detector fails to detect some objects even for a long time, e.g., due to occlusion, by sampling trajectories so as to inpaint the gaps caused by misdetection. Our experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach to scoring and inpainting tracklets on several MOT benchmark datasets. We additionally show the generality of our generative model by using it to produce future representations in the challenging task of human motion prediction.
[Postrenal amuria in polycystic degeneration of a residual kidney (author's transl)]. (1976)

A case of a residual kidney and polycystic renal degeneration is reported in which postrenal anuria developed from a cluster of cysts filling the entire renal pelvis. The anuria was repired by removing the intrapelvic cysts and creating a temporary renal fistula. A sudden onset of anuria and the corresponding symptoms (e.g., acute abdominal pain) and also the familiar progressive polycystic degeneration of the kidney should arouse suspicion of an obstruction caused by cysts.
Effects of antitranspirant and leaching on medium solution osmotic potential, leaf stomatal status, transpiration, abscisic acid content and plant growth in ’Early Girl’ tomato plants (Lycopersicon esculentum) (1998)

Tomato plants (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. cv. Early Girl) were grown in a medium containing peat moss and perlite (60:40% volume). The medium was drenched with 0 or 5% of antitranspirant GLK-8924. Half of the plants were flushed daily with 250 ml water (leaching) and the other half were subirrigated capillarity. The osmotic potential of medium solution was reduced significantly 5% antitranspirant GLK-8924 treatment, then recovered gradually to the control level after 4 d with leaching and 10 d without leaching. Leaf stomatal conductance (g(s)), transpiration rate (E) and plant growth were depressed the antitranspirant GLK-8924 application, and the depression was alleviated leaching. Neither antitranspirant GLK-8924 treatment nor leaching influenced leaf abscisic acid (ABA) content. The effect of antitranspirant GLK-8924 on leaf gas exchange and plant growth was highly correlated with the reduction in the osmotic potential of medium solution but not with leaf ABA content. Younger leaves had higher g(s) and E but lower ABA content than older leaves in general.
Prosthetic Replacement of the Medial Meniscus in Cadaveric Knees (2004)

The meniscus prosthesis needs to be optimized to achieve a better initial function in the knee joint.
Dynamic Modeling and Slippage Analysis in Object Manipulation by Soft Fingers (2014)

In this paper, dynamic modeling and slippage analysis of a three-link soft finger manipulating a rigid object on a horizontal surface is studied. In order to integrate the dynamics of soft tip with the finger linkage, power-law model and a linear viscous damper are used to model the elastic behavior and damping effect of soft tip respectively. Because of the enlarged contact area in the soft contact, a frictional moment can be exerted at the contact interface along with the normal and tangential forces. Furthermore, because of planar motion of object, frictional forces and moment are applied in the contact of object and ground. Therefore, friction limit surface is used as a mapping between contact forces/moment and sliding motions in both contacts. Instead of using equality and inequality equations of frictional contact conditions, a method is proposed to describe different states of the contact forces and moment by a single second-order differential equation with variable coefficients. This kind of formulation of the system dynamics facilitates the design of a controller to cancel the undesired slippage occurs between the soft tip and object during the manipulation.
Adaptive methods for realistic and intuitive human-robot interaction (2010)

Due to the advancement in robotics and computer technology, having access to sophisticated robot hardware is becoming common. An increase in the number of robots allows one to achieve different kind of tasks by exploiting cooperation, such as: robot swarms, object manipulation using multiple degrees of freedom of different robots. It is quite challenging for the human operator to coordinate multiple robots to achieve a task in an efficient manner. The channels available to receive feedback information from the robot system can vary from simple encoder reading to video stream acquisition of the robot system performing tasks. It is important for us to make use of and coordinate as many sensing modalities as it is required to perform necessary tasks. On the other hand, we would want to keep the number of modalities utilized optimal just to maintain usage intuitiveness for human operators and efficiency. 
In this dissertation, we have investigated 3 different modalities of interaction with robots. Physical sensing: we present a novel approach to enhance human-robot interactivity through the use of artificial skin and the Extended Kalman filter. Visual sensing: we present a novel approach to enhance interaction of humanoid robot actor through the use of pose estimation and visual servoing. Interface devices: we present a work on combining dynamic gestures based commands from an interface device to improve the intuitiveness of control / planning of multiple degrees of freedom robot system through reinforcement learning. 
We propose an efficient way to coordinate multiple modalities sensing as generalized interface for multiple robots manipulation / planning. In addition, performance metrics are proposed so that we have the quantitative way to identify our interaction efficiency. Eventually, the outcome of this research is a reconfigurable multiple interfaces system that can be used with different multiple robots system in a way that it is easy and intuitive for the human operator to learn to operate.
Replacing tracheoesophageal voicing sources using LPC synthesis (1990)

The feasibility of using the linear predictive coding (LPC) technique to replace the voicing sources of tracheoesophageal speech was explored. Four vowels, [i], [a], [e], [u], and one diphthong [ou], produced by two male and two female tracheoesophageal speakers were analyzed by the LPC autocorrelation method. Normalized prediction error functions were used to choose the algorithm and the control parameters of the analysis. Poles of the vocal tract transfer function were selected from frames whose normalized prediction errors were close to minimum with criteria derived from transfer functions of normally produced vowels. Vowels were synthesized with the reconstructed transfer function and a synthesized excitation input. Results of an identification task indicated that the synthesized vowels were highly intelligible, and the gender of the speaker was better identified from the synthesized vowels than from the original tracheoesophageal vowels.
Combined SLM and Tone Reservation for PAPR Reduction in OFDM Systems (2013)

Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) becomes an attractive technique because it has high data rate handling capability. OFDM is used in digital audio broad-casting (DAB), digital video broadcasting (DVB) and wireless LAN. High peak to average power ratio (PAPR) is major problem in OFDM system. In this paper, combined selective mapping (SLM) and tone reservation is applied to reduce PAPR in OFDM systems, proposed technique gives better result in terms of PAPR reduction.
Avery Final Report: Identification and Cross-Directional Control of Coating Processes (1992)

Coating refers to the covering of a solid with a uniform layer of liquid. Of special industrial interest is the cross-directional control of coating processes, where the cross-direction refers to the direction perpendicular to the substrate movement. The objective of the controller is to maintain a uniform coating under unmeasured process disturbances. \n\nAssumptions that are relevant to coating processes found in industry are used to develop a model for control design. We show how to identify the model from input-output data. This model is used to derive a model predictive controller to maintain flat profiles of coating across the substrate by varying the liquid flows along the cross direction. \n\nThe model predictive controller computes the control action which minimizes the predicted deviation in cross-directional uniformity. The predictor combines the estimate obtained from the model with the measurement of the cross-directional uniformity to obtain a prediction for the next time step. A filter is used to obtain robustness to model error and insensitivity to measurement noise. The tuning of the noise filter and different methods for handling actuator constraints are studied in detail. The three different constraint-handling methods studied are: the weighting of actuator movements in the objective function, explicitly adding constraints to the control algorithm, i.e. constrained model predictive control, and scaling infeasible control actions calculated from an unconstrained control law to be feasible. \n\nActuator constraints, measurement noise, model uncertainty, and the plant condition number are investigated to determine which of these limit the achievable closed loop performance. From knowledge of how these limitations affect the performance we find how the plant could be modified to improve the process uniformity. Also, because identification of model parameters is time-consuming and costly, we study how accurate the identification must be to achieve a given level of performance. \n\nThe theory developed throughout the paper is rigorously verified though simulations and experiments on a pilot plant. The effect of interactions on the closed loop performance is shown to be negligible for this pilot plant. The measurement noise and the actuator constraints are shown to have the largest effect on closed loop performance.
Characterization and enhancement of micro brushless DC motor response (2014)

Commercially available speed controllers, motors, and propellers typically comprise the powertrains of many micro aerial robotic systems, such as quadrotor vehicles. As on board state sensing and processing improves, actuation bandwidth is becoming a significant bottleneck that limits the performance of the entire closed loop system. The performance of the commercial products can be greatly enhanced through the implementation of classical control methods directly at the powertrain level. In this paper, reduced order open loop models for three representative commercially available powertrains were estimated and were compared with closed loop equivalents. Further performance improvement is realized by the addition of a static inverse to mitigate the steady state structured uncertainty of the system.
Defined Anaerobic Growth Medium for Studying Candida albicans Basic Biology and Resistance to Eight Antifungal Drugs (2004)

The polymorphic fungus Candida albicans is one of the most versatile opportunistic pathogens in humans. Many organs of the human body are potential targets for infection by this pathogen, but infection is commonly localized in the gastrointestinal tract, an environment providing anaerobic growth conditions. We describe a chemically defined anaerobic growth medium for four strains of Candida albicans (A72, SC5314, MEN, and 10261). It is a defined liquid glucose-phosphate-proline growth medium supplemented with oleic acid, nicotinic acid, and ammonium chloride. The cells did not require or respond to added ergosterol. Oleic acid and nicotinic acid are growth factors which are required only for the anaerobic growth of C. albicans. An important technical feature of this study was the use of anaerobically grown inocula to study anaerobic growth. Anaerobically, the cells grew exclusively as mycelia at 25, 30, and 37 degrees C. The doubling time at 30 degrees C was ca. 20 h. The cells did not produce farnesol and did not respond to exogenous farnesol, and they were resistant to the highest tested levels of amphotericin B and four of the azole antifungals. We suggest that the anaerobic growth of C. albicans may contribute to the trailing end point phenomenon and the resistance of C. albicans biofilms to antifungal drugs.
Diurnal Resting Sites of Phlebotomine Sandflies in a Panamanian Tropical Forest (1972)

Journal Article Diurnal Resting Sites of Phlebotomine Sandflies in a Panamanian Tropical Forest Get access Byron N. Chaniotis, Byron N. Chaniotis Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Robert B. Tesh, Robert B. Tesh Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Manuel A. Correa, Manuel A. Correa Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Karl M. Johnson Karl M. Johnson 1 1U. S. Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Middle America Research Unit, Balboa Heights, Canal Zone. Mailing Address: Middle America Research Unit, Box 2011, Balboa Heights, Canal Zone. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Journal of Medical Entomology, Volume 9, Issue 1, 15 March 1972, Pages 91–98, https://doi.org/10.1093/jmedent/9.1.91 Published: 15 March 1972
A New Method for Performance Evaluation of Bit Decoding Algorithms Using Statistics of the Log Likelihood Ratio (2006)

This paper presents a new method for the performance evaluation of bit decoding algorithms. The method is based on estimating the Probability Density Function (pdf) of the bit Log Likelihood Ratio (LLR) by using an exponential model. It is widely known that the pdf of the bit LLR is close to the normal density. The proposed approach takes advantage of this property to present an efficient algorithm for the pdf estimation. The moment matching method is combined with the maximum entropy principle to estimate the underlying parameters. We present a simple method for computing the probabilities of the point estimates for the estimated parameters, as well as for the bit error rate. The corresponding results are used to compute the number of samples that are required for a given precision of the estimated values. It is demonstrated that this method requires significantly fewer samples as compared to the conventional Monte-Carlo simulation.
Flammability Characteristics of Chemical Treated Woven Hemp Fabric (2018)

Woven hemp fabric was treated with sodium hydroxide, commercial flame retardant chemical, and combination of both to increase its fire-retardant properties. Treatments of fire-retardant changed the properties of woven hemp fabric such as increased its fabric shrinkage and density of fibres which ranges from 0.67 to 5% and 1.43 to 1.53 g/cm 3 respectively. After the treatment, the fire retardancy of the fabric increased tremendously which was observed by the burning, thermogravimetry and limiting oxygen index tests. Some of the samples were not burnt when exposed to flame source and the burning rate needed to be measured under exaggeration of flame at longer time. The limiting oxygen index value increased from 18.6 to 51 after the treatments which explained the scenario happened in the burning tests. Nevertheless, its mechanical properties decreased slightly that ranges from 18 to 32% and 23 to 39% for warp and weft respectively compared to untreated fibre.
On the capacity and codes for the Z-channel (2003)

Let p be the 1 to 0 bit error probability and h(p)=-p log/sub 2/ p-(1-p) log/sub 2/ (1-p). The capacity of the Z-channel is given by C/sub Z/=log/sub 2/ (1+(1-p)p/sup p/(1-p)/). For small p, it is shown that C/sub Z//spl ap/1-(1/2)h(p) (vs., C/sub BS/(p)=1-h(p) for the binary symmetric channel). Coding schemes are also given that almost achieve the Z-channel capacity.
Purification of a Polyelectrolyte Sample from Complex-Forming Charged Trace Impurities by Continuous Convective Electrophoresis: Depyrogenization of Human Albumin (1994)

Abstract Using the separation of endotoxin (pyrogens) from albumin as an example, it has been verified that continuous convective electrophoresis can be applied for the purification of a polyelectrolyte sample from complex-forming charged impurities. In a one-stage process, 40% of endotoxin-contaminated albumin could be depyrogenized (<1 mg/L). A multistage process would further increase the yield of depyrogenized albumin, but a complete recovery of depyrogenized albumin is not possible because endotoxins tend to form complexes with albumin. However, the presented method demonstrates a simple way to purify a considerable amount of contaminated albumin without introducing, e.g., detergents or complex inactivation reagents.
Demonstration of spatial mode division multiplexing using Laguerre-Gaussian mode beam in telecom-wavelength (2010)

Spatial mode division multiplexing was performed by using Laguerre-Gaussian mode beam (Optical vortex). We demonstrated multiplexing of two channels of 10Gbit/s signal. Error free condition was successfully achieved. This technique can be utilized for free space and multi-mode fiber transmission.
Distinguishing the language of ciphered texts (2008)

We address the problem of distinguishing the language of a ciphered file. We consider texts in Russian, English, German and French which are encrypted by the block ciphers. We consider the ECB (electronic code book) mode and ciphers with block length 64, 96 and 128 bits. It is shown that the language of the encrypted text can be effectively determined, for instance Russian and English texts can be distinguished with the error around 5% when the block length is 64 bits and the file length is 800 kbytes and more and with mistake around 25% when the block length is 128 bits and the length of file is 2500 kbytes and more. In addition, English and German texts can be distinguished with the mistake around 13% in the case when the block length is 64 bits and file length is not less than 800 kbytes. Also the results of experiments to distinguish texts in natural and artificial languages (e.g., source codes in C++ or Java) are presented.
Combinatorial Data Augmentation for Real-Time Indoor Positioning: Concepts and Experiments (2022)

Precise positioning has become one core topic in wireless communications by facilitating candidate techniques of beyond 5G and 6G. Nevertheless, most existing positioning algorithms, categorized into geometry-driven and data-driven approaches, fail to simultaneously fulfill diversified requirements for practical use, e.g., accuracy, real-time operation, scalability, maintenance, etc. This article aims at introducing a new principle, called combinatorial data augmentation (CDA), a catalyst for tightly integrating geometry and data-driven approaches. We first explain the concept of CDA and its critical advantages over the two standalone approaches, followed by validating its effectiveness by field experiments with WiFi round-trip time and inertial measurement units.
Experimental Characterization of a Cantilever Beam With a Fluidic Flexible Matrix Composite Vibration Treatment (2014)

Fluidic flexible matrix composite (F2MC) tubes can add damping to and absorb vibrations from a host structure. Transverse structural vibration couples with F2MC tube strain to pump fluid through an external circuit that can be tailored to provide vibration damping and/or absorption. In this paper, an F2MC-cantilever system, consisting of two F2MC tubes attached to a uniform cantilever beam, is designed, fabricated, and experimentally tested. The F2MC tubes are connected in parallel to one of two fluidic circuits. The first circuit uses an orifice to dissipate energy, reducing the first mode resonant response by over 20 dB and providing 5% damping. The second circuit uses an inertia track and an accumulator to produce a tuned absorber that replaces the first mode resonance peak with a valley, reducing the resonant response by 27 dB.
334 A Functional Screen Identifies miRNAs that Induce Radioresistance in Glioblastomas (2016)

INTRODUCTION: The efficacy of radiotherapy in many tumor types is limited by normal tissue toxicity and by intrinsic or acquired radioresistance. METHODS: An unbiased functional microRNA screen identified 4 miRNAs (miR1, miR125a, miR150, and miR425) that induced glioblastoma radioresistance. We employed gain and loss of function approaches to validate the critical importance of these miRNAs as determinants of glioblastoma radiation resistance. RESULTS: Overexpression of miR1, miR125a, miR150, and/or miR425 in glioblastoma promotes radioresistance through upregulation of the cell-cycle checkpoint response. Conversely, antagonizing with antagomiRs sensitizes glioblastoma cells to irradiation, suggesting their potential as targets for inhibiting therapeutic resistance. Analysis of glioblastoma data sets from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) revealed that these miRNAs are expressed in glioblastoma patient specimens and correlate with transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) signaling. Finally, it is demonstrated that expression of miR1 and miR125a can be induced by TGFβ and antagonized by a TGFβ receptor inhibitor. Together, these results identify and characterize a new role for miR425, miR1, miR125, and miR150 in promoting radioresistance in glioblastomas and provide insight into the therapeutic application of TGFβ inhibitors in radiotherapy. CONCLUSION: Systematic identification of miRs that cause radioresistance in gliomas is important for uncovering predictive markers for radiotherapy or targets for overcoming radioresistance.