gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Expression of the β-Chemokines RANTES and MIP-1β by Human Brain Microvessel Endothelial Cells in Primary Culture (2000)

The mechanisms that regulate inflammatory cell recruitment across the blood-brain barrier (BBB) during CNS inflammation have not been fully characterized. Likely players in this process include the chemokines, small secondary messengers of inflammation capable of subset-specific leukocyte activation and chemoattraction. Primary cultures of human brain microvessel endothelial cells (HBMEC) were examined for their in vitro expression of the beta chemokines RANTES and MIP-1beta. Untreated HBMEC expressed low levels of RANTES and MIP-1beta RNA that were significantly upregulated following cytokine treatment. Parallel studies performed on human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) showed induction of RANTES but not MIP-1beta RNA. Following stimulation with LPS, TNF-alpha, IFN-gamma, and IL-1beta alone or in combination, HBMEC released significant amounts of RANTES and MIP-1beta into the culture supernatants. RANTES secretion by HUVEC could be induced only with TNF-alpha/IFN-gamma. Both RANTES and MIP-1beta were detected by immunocytochemistry on the apical and basal surfaces of HBMEC, as well as bound to basal lamina-like material under the basal cell surface. Cytokine stimulation induced significant increase of RANTES and MIP-1beta molecules associated with the EC surface and subendothelial matrix. The expression of RANTES and MIP-1beta by HBMEC suggests that these chemokines may play an important role in mediating inflammatory responses and leukocyte trafficking across the BBB.
Sarcocystis Transmitted by Blood Transfusion (1979)

Merozoites were found in blood smears from calves, lambs, and pigs exhibiting signs of acute sarcocystosis after oral infection with sporocysts of Sarcocystis bovicanis, Sarcocystis ovicanis, and Sarcocystis suihominis. In each of 3 experiments, whole blood containing merozoites was transfused from an infected host to 2 uninfected recipients of the same species; 2 additional animals of the same species served as uninfected nontransfused controls. The bovine, ovine, and porcine donors all died of acute sarcocystosis. Clinical signs of sarcocystosis were not seen in any transfusion recipients or controls. All recipients and controls were killed and histologic specimens of esophagus, diaphragm, heart, skeletal muscle, and tongue were examined microscopically. Large numbers of intramuscular cysts were present in transfusion recipients, whereas few or no cysts were present in controls, indicating that S. bovicanis, S. ovicanis, and S. suihominis had been transmitted between intermediate hosts of the same species by blood transfusion.
Experimental Investigation on Multiphase Bunsen Reaction in the Thermochemical Sulfur–Iodine Cycle (2014)

The effects of SO2 flow rate, SO2 mole fraction, iodine content and water content on the Bunsen reaction were experimentally studied for the thermochemical iodine–sulfur cycle for hydrogen production. One multistage reaction mechanism on the Bunsen reaction has been hypothesized, considering the kinetic characteristics. The appearance of a liquid–liquid equilibrium (LLE) phase separation was in the range of 20–40 min in the apparatus we chose. An increase in iodine content and a decrease in water content improved LLE separation characteristics to the H2SO4 phase and HIx phase. The H2S formation side reaction easily occurred with the increase in water content and decrease in iodine content. The optimal operating condition that the inlet SO2 mole fraction exceeds 0.12 coupled with initial I2/H2O molar ratio exceeding 0.284 has been proposed based on the experimental results, for the criteria of improving the separation characteristics and preventing side reactions.
X-Ray Lithography In Japan (1991)

Integrated circuits (semiconductors) are the key components of modern computers, communication systems, consumer electronics, and the new generations of smart machines and instruments. Japan's strong position and growing influence in the manufacture of semiconductors and systems based on them is well known and well documented. Microlithography is one the most critical elements of the semiconductor manufacturing process because it determines the minimum feature size and the functional capabilities of the semiconductor. Because it is used many times in the manufacturing sequence, the quality of the microlithography process (i.e., number of defects, control for feature size, etc.) is critical in determining the yield and cost of semiconductors and hence the competitiveness of the electronics industry. At present all volume semiconductor manufacturing is done with optical UV (ultraviolet) projection lithography, twenty-year-old photographic technology which has been and is still evolving. There are many issues that limit the technical capability and cost-effectiveness of UV lithography, and thus, alternate lithographic techniques are continuously being researched and developed. X-ray lithography, which was invented in the early 1970s, holds the promise of providing higher yields in manufacturing semiconductors by virtue of enhanced process latitude, process robustness, and resolution. (Author)
SERIAL PHENOTYPIC ANALYSIS OF MOUSE PERIPHERAL BLOOD LEUKOCYTES (2002)

Repeated phenotypic analysis of mouse peripheral blood leukocytes over short periods of time (2 weeks) has been difficult because of the very limited volumes of blood available under guidelines of the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee. The loss of leukocytes and variations among laboratories during conventional flow cytometry sample preparation based on lysing and repeated washing have been limiting factors when measuring multiple parameters in small samples. We describe a method of phenotypic analysis using a no-lyse, no-wash staining technique combined with fluorescent triggering for data collection that can be performed on volumes of 20 muL or less of whole blood per set of markers in one tube. This method allows repeated phenotypic analysis of peripheral whole blood from mice. Fluorescent triggering with anti-CD45-PE/Cy5 antibody allows high-quality phenotypic data to be collected for CD4, CD8, TcR- beta, CD45R (B220), CD11b, and Gr-1 epitopes on leukocytes from mouse peripheral blood without lysis. The markers selected cover the major populations in peripheral mouse blood. Reproducibility and time-course data are presented for sampling periods as long as 4 weeks. Data produced by flow cytometers manufactured by two different companies show well-correlated results. An instrument equipped with a gated amplifier or a photomultiplier tube suitable for Cy7 conjugates could measure additional parameters. Because of interference from unlysed erythrocytes, scatter parameters are not useful for identifying cell populations with this method.
Unterstützung des Menschen in der Arbeitswelt der Zukunft (2014)

Kurzzusammenfassung Der Begriff der human centered assistance applications (HCAA) wurde am Lehrstuhl fur Ergonomie an der Technischen Universitat Munchen gepragt und vereint mehrere industrielle Anwendungen unter einem gemeinsamen Forschungsschwerpunkt. Ziel ist es, die in zukunftigen Produktionssystemen auftretenden Belastungen zu minimieren, wahrend die Effizienz der einzelnen Tatigkeiten optimiert wird. Derzeit sind drei solcher Ansatze im Fokus des Instituts. Eine korpergetragene Hebehilfe (Lifting Aid), ein kollaboratives Robotersystem (Cobot) und ein Montagehandschuh (Assembly Glove). Wahrend die Hebehilfe hauptsachlich fur die Anwendung im Bereich der Logistik konzipiert wird, befindet sich das Einsatzgebiet des Cobots und des Montagehandschuhs im Bereich der Produktion. Abstract The term human centered assistance applications (HCAA) for production was introduced by the Institute of Ergonomics at the Technische Universitat Munchen. Several devices are consolidated with the common research objective to facilitate work while increasing the efficiency of the process in production environments and logistics. The three approaches Lifting Aid, Cobot and Assembly Glove treat the topic in different perspectives and areas. While the Lifting Aid addresses logistics, the Cobot and the Assembly Glove are located in material handling and assembly in production lines. 1 Problembeschreibung: Aktio anstatt Reaktio Der demografische Wandel in der Belegschaft stellt heutige Produktionssysteme zunehmend vor grosse Herausforderungen. Aufgrund der steigenden Anzahl an Muskel-Skelett-Erkrankungen (MSE) mit zunehmendem Alter wird eine ergonomische und alternsgerechte Arbeitsplatzgestaltung immer wichtiger. Automobilhersteller wie beispielsweise die BMW Group oder VW sind sich des Problems bereits sehr bewusst, da vier von zehn Mitarbeitern in maximal zehn Jahren uber 50 sein werden. Da M-S-E mit 26,5 Unterstutzung des Menschen in der Arbeitswelt der Zukunft (PDF Download Available). Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/278939423_Unterstutzung_des_Menschen_in_der_Arbeitswelt_der_Zukunft [accessed May 2, 2016].
Catalytic Dimerization of Propene with Bis(phenoxyimine) Ni(II) Complexes and Phosphine Ancillary Ligands (2008)

A series of 56 bis(phenoxyimine) metal (II) complexes was prepared and used as catalyst precursors for dimerization reactions of propene. The complexes were activated with methylaluminoxane (MAO) or other aluminum compounds like aluminum alkyls or aluminum halides in the presence of different phosphines. The influence of the ligand frameworks, the phosphine additives and the co-catalysts was studied.
Application-Based Targeted Advertisement System for ATSC 3.0 UHD Service (2020)

This study introduces a targeted advertisement service in the terrestrial UHD transmission environment by proposing a method to control advertisement exposure in real-time with minimal impact on current systems. The suggested system uses advertisement management information that can be accessed by broadcaster applications. Thus, this article describes the changes that need to be applied in the current UHD system, which provides only linear services, in order to support targeted advertisements. These changes include broadcast applications, non-real-time and hybrid delivery, event delivery, communication between primary device and companion device, and service usage reporting. Laboratory testing of the proposed system confirmed that the receiver changes the order of advertisement exposure according to the advertisement management information delivered in real-time. Furthermore, testing confirmed that the receiver sends service usage reporting data to the server-side that can be monitored by the broadcaster to determine whether viewers are exposed to the advertisement. The proposed system also ensures compatibility with legacy terrestrial UHD receivers and provides seamless synchronization when replacing targeted advertisements.
The suprabasal expression of alpha 6 beta 4 integrin is associated with a high risk for malignant progression in mouse skin carcinogenesis. (1993)

Enhanced expression of the alpha 6 beta 4 integrin complex has been linked to malignant progression in mouse skin carcinogenesis. To determine if alpha 6 beta 4 expression can predict risk for malignant conversion among populations of benign skin tumors, we analyzed the distribution of alpha 6 beta 4 and other markers of progression in papillomas at high and low risk for malignant progression. After initiation with 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene, mice were promoted with 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate to induce predominantly low risk tumors or promoted with mezerein to produce predominantly high risk tumors. When tumors first appeared at 8 weeks after promotion, high risk papillomas demonstrated basal and suprabasal alpha 6 beta 4 expression, loss of keratin 1, and aberrant expression of keratin 13. In these tumors alpha 6 beta 4 expression coincided with an expansion of the proliferating compartment as indicated by suprabasal bromodeoxyuridine labeling. In contrast, alpha 6 beta 4 immunostaining was confined to basal cells in low risk tumors, keratin 1 was abundant, and keratin 13 was absent in the majority of this group, while proliferating cells were largely in the basal compartment. By 33 weeks, alpha 6 beta 4 suprabasal expression continued to distinguish groups at higher risk for malignant conversion, but keratin 13 was expressed in all groups. At this time, high risk tumors displayed focal expression of keratin 8 and gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase, markers also found in chemically induced carcinomas. Keratin 8 and gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase were expressed only in alpha 6 beta 4 positive cells. These results indicate that expression of alpha 6 beta 4 integrin in suprabasal strata serves as an early predictive marker to identify benign squamous tumors at high risk for malignant progression.
Radioecological and geochemical peculiarities of cryoconite on Novaya Zemlya glaciers (2021)

In recent years, cryoconite has received growing attention from a radioecological point of view, since several studies have shown that this material is extremely efficient in accumulating natural and anthropogenic radionuclides. The Novaya Zemlya Archipelago (Russian Arctic) hosts the second largest glacial system in the Arctic. From 1957 to 1962, numerous atmospheric nuclear explosions were conducted at Novaya Zemlya, but to date, very little is known about the radioecology of its ice cap. Analysis of radionuclides and other chemical elements in cryoconite holes on Nalli Glacier reveals the presence of two main zones at different altitudes that present different radiological features. The first zone is 130-210 m above sea level (a.s.l.), has low radioactivity, high concentrations of lithophile elements and a chalcophile content close to that of upper continental crust clarkes. The second zone (220-370 m a.s.l.) is characterized by high activity levels of radionuclides and "inversion" of geochemical behaviour with lower concentrations of lithophiles and higher chalcophiles. In the upper part of this zone (350-370 m a.s.l.), <sup>137</sup>Cs activity reaches the record levels for Arctic cryoconite (5700-8100 Bq/kg). High levels of Sn, Sb, Bi and Ag, significantly exceeding those of upper continental crust clarkes, also appear here. We suggest that a buried layer of contaminated ice that formed during atmospheric nuclear tests serves as a local secondary source of radionuclide contamination. Its melting is responsible for the formation of this zone.
Retention of cellulose, xylan and lignin in kraft pulping of eucalyptus studied by multivariate data analysis: influences on physicochemical and mechanical properties of pulp (2004)

Effects of pulping variables on the retention of carbohydrates and lignin in fast kraft pulping of eucalyptus were investigated using a complete factorial design. Influences of pulp chemical composition on physicochemical and mechanical properties were evaluated using Principal Component Analysis. Active alkali (AA) significantly affected the macromolecular degradation of cellulose and retention of xylan and lignin. Cellulose retention was unaffected. The use of low AA in pulping improved all mechanical properties, but increased the kappa number and reduced ISO brightness. The degree of polymerization of cellulose was related to tensile index and elastic modulus while xylan affected the apparent sheet density. Tear index had a positive influence of fiber length and uronic acid groups, which were preserved in xylan by a combination of low AA, thin wood chips and a short pulping cycle. The characteristics, rather than the content of xylan, were suggested to be relevant to tear index.
Development of a Model of Status epilepticus in Pigtailed Macaque Infant Monkeys (1999)

Seizures, particularly multiple episodes and/or status epilepticus (SE) are prevalent in pediatric patients. Pediatric SE is associated with brain changes that have been hypothesized to contribute to the onset of temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). In order to gain insight into the effects of seizures on the immature brain and the risk for later TLE, we have developed a model of limbic SE in the pigtailed macaque monkey. In separate studies, bicuculline methiodide or a bicuculline 'cocktail' was infused into three regions of the brain (area tempestas, hippocampus, entorhinal cortex) to induce seizures. Measures included MRI, electrophysiology, behavior and morphology. Our results suggest that monkey models of SE may provide useful tools for understanding the effects of prolonged seizures during infancy and the origins of TLE in humans.
Research on VLAN Division of Cloud Data Center Based on SDN (2013)

Network virtualization is an effective way to solve the stiffness, uncontrollability and integration of network, theoretical and applied research on which is the focus of computer science nowadays. In this paper, after exploring several key technologies of network virtualization, based on SDN (Software Defined Network), VM isolation and interoperability are achieved by dividing the VLAN with Open vSwitch. And the work is verified by VM migration.
A Well-Controlled Experimental System to Study Interactions of Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes with Tumor Cells (2016)

While T cell-based immunotherapies are steadily improving, there are still many patients who progress, despite T cell-infiltrated tumors. Emerging evidence suggests that T cells themselves may provoke immune escape of cancer cells. Here, we describe a well-controlled co-culture system for studying the dynamic T cell - cancer cell interplay, using human melanoma as a model. We explain starting material, controls, and culture parameters to establish reproducible and comparable cultures with highly heterogeneous tumor cells. Low passage melanoma cell lines and melanoma-specific CD8+ T cell clones generated from patient blood were cultured together for up to 3 days. Living melanoma cells were isolated from the co-culture system by fluorescence-activated cell sorting. We demonstrate that the characterization of isolated melanoma cells is feasible using flow cytometry for protein expression analysis as well as an Agilent whole human genome microarray and the NanoString technology for differential gene expression analysis. In addition, we identify five genes (ALG12, GUSB, RPLP0, KRBA2, and ADAT2) that are stably expressed in melanoma cells independent of the presence of T cells or the T cell-derived cytokines IFNγ and TNFα. These genes are essential for correct normalization of gene expression data by NanoString. Further to the characterization of melanoma cells after exposure to CTLs, this experimental system might be suitable to answer a series of questions, including how the affinity of CTLs for their target antigen influences the melanoma cell response and whether CTL-induced gene expression changes in melanoma cells are reversible. Taken together, our human T cell - melanoma cell culture system is well suited to characterize immune-related mechanisms in cancer cells.
Analysis of the Borrelia burgdorferi Cyclic-di-GMP-Binding Protein PlzA Reveals a Role in Motility and Virulence (2011)

The cyclic-dimeric-GMP (c-di-GMP)-binding protein PilZ has been implicated in bacterial motility and pathogenesis. Although BB0733 (PlzA), the only PilZ domain-containing protein in Borrelia burgdorferi, was reported to bind c-di-GMP, neither its role in motility or virulence nor it's affinity for c-di-GMP has been reported. We determined that PlzA specifically binds c-di-GMP with high affinity (dissociation constant [K(d)], 1.25 μM), consistent with K(d) values reported for c-di-GMP-binding proteins from other bacteria. Inactivation of the monocistronically transcribed plzA resulted in an opaque/solid colony morphology, whereas the wild-type colonies were translucent. While the swimming pattern of mutant cells appeared normal, on swarm plates, mutant cells exhibited a significantly reduced swarm diameter, demonstrating a role of plzA in motility. Furthermore, the plzA mutant cells were significantly less infectious in experimental mice (as determined by 50% infectious dose [ID(50)]) relative to wild-type spirochetes. The mutant also had survival rates in fed ticks lower than those of the wild type. Consequently, plzA mutant cells failed to complete the mouse-tick-mouse infection cycle, indicating plzA is essential for the enzootic life cycle of B. burgdorferi. All of these defects were corrected when the mutant was complemented in cis. We propose that failure of plzA mutant cells to infect mice was due to altered motility; however, the possibility that an unidentified factor(s) contributed to interruption of the B. burgdorferi enzootic life cycle cannot yet be excluded.
Following the Science (2021)

More and more frequently we are hearing the words "follow the science" spoken by those who believe that they are right and are frustrated by those who disagree with them. To what degree is this a legitimate effort to avoid rehashing incorrect ideas compared to a way to stifle questions about weakly-supported concepts?
Automatic segmentation of nine retinal layer boundaries in OCT images of non-exudative AMD patients using deep learning and graph search (2017)

We present a novel framework combining convolutional neural networks (CNN) and graph search methods (termed as CNN-GS) for the automatic segmentation of nine layer boundaries on retinal optical coherence tomography (OCT) images. CNN-GS first utilizes a CNN to extract features of specific retinal layer boundaries and train a corresponding classifier to delineate a pilot estimate of the eight layers. Next, a graph search method uses the probability maps created from the CNN to find the final boundaries. We validated our proposed method on 60 volumes (2915 B-scans) from 20 human eyes with non-exudative age-related macular degeneration (AMD), which attested to effectiveness of our proposed technique.
Noninvasive in Vivo Measurement of Natural Moisturizing Factor Content in Stratum Corneum of Human Skin by Attenuated Total Reflection Infrared Spectroscopy (2012)

Water-soluble components in the outermost layer of human skin are called natural moisturizing factor (NMF). NMF is one of the most important factors of skin moisturizing mechanisms. It is known that individuals with psoriasis, atopic dermatitis, and ichthyosis possess skin with lower-than-normal NMF content. Therefore, a noninvasive method for NMF content measurement of the human skin would be very useful to both dermatologists and cosmetic chemists. We attempted to measure the NMF content by focusing on the infrared wavelengths that are commonly absorbed by most NMF components. In order to estimate the intensity of absorption that is common to NMF components, we simulated the attenuated total reflection (ATR)-infrared (IR) spectrum of human skin by the combination of multiple Gaussian peaks. The spectroscopic signal of NMF linearly correlated with the actual NMF content measured by chromatographic methods. Therefore, we concluded that we can determine the skin surface NMF content from the ATR-IR spectrum of skin. This noninvasive and simple method is useful for studying NMF in a wide variety of skin regions and under various skin conditions.