gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Some useful properties of Teager's energy operators (1993)

Teager's energy operators are defined in both the continuous and discrete domains and are very useful tools for analyzing single component signals from an energy point of view. A number of important properties of these operators are shown that make it possible to determine the energy functions of quite complicated functions, provided these functions can be expressed as products of simpler functions, this operation of function multiplication being typical of a modulation process. Some of the eigenfunction properties of the energy operator that illustrate the special role of the trigonometric, Gaussian, and single soliton functions are also given.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Detection of novel mutations that cause autosomal dominant retinitis pigmentosa in candidate genes by long-range PCR amplification and next-generation sequencing. (2013)

The results demonstrate that genomic LR-PCR amplification together with NGS is an effective method for analyzing individual patient samples for mutations in a monogenic heterogeneous disease such as adRP. This approach proved effective for the parallel analysis of adRP and has been introduced as routine. Additionally, this approach could be extended to other heterogeneous genetic diseases.
Metal-doped carbon nanoparticles with intrinsic peroxidase-like activity for colorimetric detection of H2O2 and glucose (2018)

Nanomaterial-based enzyme mimics (nanozymes) are attracting increasing attention because of their low production cost, high stability against denaturation, and resistance to high concentrations of substrates. Here, carbon nanoparticles doped with a small amount (<5 mol%) of Pt (denoted as PtCNPs) are synthesized via a facile, cost-effective hydrothermal treatment of p-phenylenediamine (PPD) and K<sub>2</sub>PtCl<sub>4</sub>. The obtained PtCNPs possess high aqueous stability, excellent water-dispersibility, and suitable size (∼15 nm). More interestingly, the PtCNPs exhibit an intrinsic peroxidase-like activity that can quickly catalyze 3,3',5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) in the presence of hydrogen peroxide (H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>) and produce a blue color. Importantly, since satisfactory catalytic properties were also observed when K<sub>2</sub>PtCl<sub>4</sub> was replaced with CuCl<sub>2</sub>, NiCl<sub>2</sub>, or Na<sub>2</sub>PdCl<sub>4</sub> during the synthesis, the PPD- and inorganic metal salt-involved hydrothermal synthetic approach may be developed as a general and simple way to fabricate new nanozymes. Besides, the steady-state kinetics reveals that the PtCNPs have a stronger affinity for TMB and a weaker affinity for H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> compared with horseradish peroxidase. On the basis of the color reaction, a colorimetric detection method for H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> and glucose has been successfully established with a detection limit of 0.15 and 0.30 μM, respectively. Further, the method has also been successfully applied for glucose detection in human serum samples. To sum up, this work develops a new synthetic method of metal-doped carbon nanomaterials and demonstrates their capability for the sensitive and selective detection of H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> and glucose, which may foster the development of new nanozymes for biosensing applications.
Identification and characterization of GAL4 drivers that mark distinct cell types and regions in the Drosophila adult gut (2020)

The gastrointestinal tract in the adult <i>Drosophila</i> serves as a model system for exploring the mechanisms underlying digestion, absorption and excretion, stem cell plasticity, and inter-organ communication, particularly through the gut-brain axis. It is also useful for studying the cellular and adaptive responses to dietary changes, alterations in microbiota and immunity, and systematic and endocrine signals. Despite the various cell types and distinct regions in the gastrointestinal tract, few tools are available to target and manipulate the activity of each cell type and region, and their gene expression. Here, we report 353 GAL4 lines and several split-GAL4 lines that are expressed in enteric neurons (ENs), progenitors (ISCs and EBs), enterocytes (ECs), enteroendocrine cells (EEs), or/and other cell types that are yet to be identified in distinct regions of the gut. We had initially collected approximately 600 GAL4 lines that may be expressed in the gut based on RNA sequencing data, and then crossed them to <i>UAS-GFP</i> to perform immunohistochemistry to identify those that are expressed selectively in the gut. The cell types and regional expression patterns that are associated with the entire set of GAL4 drivers and split-GAL4 combinations are annotated online at http://kdrc.kr/index.php (K-Gut Project). This GAL4 resource can be used to target specific populations of distinct cell types in the fly gut, and therefore, should permit a more precise investigation of gut cells that regulate important biological processes.
Electrode shapes for high-power diodes with non-space-charge-limited flow (1992)

Electrode shapes appropriate to diodes with non-space-charge-limited flow (e.g., laser-irradiated photocathodes) and high-power (eV0 ≳ mc2) are derived. The electrode shapes are designed to keep the electron beam rectilinear, and generalize the shapes derived by Pierce for space-charge-limited cathodes in low-power diodes.
<title>Long-range guided wave inspection of pipe using magnetostrictive sensor technology: the feasibility of defect characterization</title> (1998)

The feasibility of characterizing a defect in pipe from the defect signal detected by using the magnetostrictive sensor (MsS) technique, which utilizes longitudinal guided waves for long-range inspection of pipe, was investigated. Signals from notches of various cross-sectional areas showed that the reflection coefficient of the wave from these planar defects is insensitive to the wave frequency and increases monotonically with the increasing cross-sectional area of the defect. Signals from simulated corrosion pits, on the other hand, showed that the reflection coefficient from these volumetric defects is dependent on both the cross-sectional area and the axial extent of the defect as well as on the wave frequency. The results indicated that it is feasible to differentiate planar from volumetric defects and to determine the defect size -- namely, its cross-sectional area and axial extent if it is volumetric.
Si-Ion Implantation Doping in β-Ga2O3and Its Application to Fabrication of Low-Resistance Ohmic Contacts (2013)

We developed a donor doping technique for β-Ga2O3 by using Si-ion (Si+) implantation. For the implanted Ga2O3 substrates with Si+=1×1019–5×1019 cm-3, a high activation efficiency of above 60% was obtained after annealing in a nitrogen gas atmosphere at a relatively low temperature of 900–1000 °C. Annealed Ti/Au electrodes fabricated on the implanted Ga2O3 layers showed ohmic behavior. The Ga2O3 with Si+=5×1019 cm-3 showed the lowest specific contact resistance and resistivity obtained in this work of 4.6×10-6 Ω·cm2 and 1.4 mΩ·cm, respectively.
Mechanically programmable bend radius for fiber-reinforced soft actuators (2013)

Established design and fabrication guidelines exist for achieving a variety of motions with soft actuators such as bending, contraction, extension, and twisting. These guidelines typically involve multi-step molding of composite materials (elastomers, paper, fiber, etc.) along with specially designed geometry. In this paper we present the design and fabrication of a robust, fiber-reinforced soft bending actuator where its bend radius and bending axis can be mechanically-programed with a flexible, selectively-placed conformal covering that acts to mechanically constrain motion. Several soft actuators were fabricated and their displacement and force capabilities were measured experimentally and compared to demonstrate the utility of this approach. Finally, a prototype two-digit end-effector was designed and programmed with the conformal covering to shape match a rectangular object. We demonstrated improved gripping force compared to a pure bending actuator. We envision this approach enabling rapid customization of soft actuator function for grasping applications where the geometry of the task is known a priori.
Predictors of mortality amongst recipients of implantable cardioverter defibrillators for secondary prevention of cardiac arrest. (2007)

In this sample of ICD recipients secondary to CA, older age, elevated serum creatinine, and wider QRS duration were independent predictors of mortality. The presence of more than one risk factor in the same patient was associated with higher mortality rates. Whether interventions such as biventricular pacing can offset this increase risk of death warrants further investigation.
A Recombinant Classical Swine Fever Virus Stably Expresses a Marker Gene (1998)

The gene coding for bacterial chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) was inserted in frame into the viral Npro gene of the full-length cDNA clone pA187-1 of the classical swine fever virus (CSFV) strain Alfort/187. RNA transcribed in vitro from the resulting plasmid was transfected into SK-6 porcine kidney cells. Infectious progeny virus vA187-CAT recovered from transfected cells had growth characteristics indistinguishable from those of parental virus vA187-1. In cells infected with vA187-CAT the predicted fusion protein, CAT-Npro, was detected, and it retained the enzymatic activities of both CAT and Npro. The CAT gene remained stably inserted in the viral genome after 10 virus passages. Thus, marker virus vA187-CAT represents a useful tool for quantitative analysis of viral replication and gene expression.
Development of a Plasma Screening Panel for Pediatric Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Using Metabolomics (2019)

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common chronic liver disease in children, but diagnosis is challenging due to limited availability of noninvasive biomarkers. Machine learning applied to high-resolution metabolomics and clinical phenotype data offers a novel framework for developing a NAFLD screening panel in youth. Here, untargeted metabolomics by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry was performed on plasma samples from a combined cross-sectional sample of children and adolescents ages 2-25 years old with NAFLD (n = 222) and without NAFLD (n = 337), confirmed by liver biopsy or magnetic resonance imaging. Anthropometrics, blood lipids, liver enzymes, and glucose and insulin metabolism were also assessed. A machine learning approach was applied to the metabolomics and clinical phenotype data sets, which were split into training and test sets, and included dimension reduction, feature selection, and classification model development. The selected metabolite features were the amino acids serine, leucine/isoleucine, and tryptophan; three putatively annotated compounds (dihydrothymine and two phospholipids); and two unknowns. The selected clinical phenotype variables were waist circumference, whole-body insulin sensitivity index (WBISI) based on the oral glucose tolerance test, and blood triglycerides. The highest performing classification model was random forest, which had an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) of 0.94, sensitivity of 73%, and specificity of 97% for detecting NAFLD cases. A second classification model was developed using the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance substituted for the WBISI. Similarly, the highest performing classification model was random forest, which had an AUROC of 0.92, sensitivity of 73%, and specificity of 94%. <i>Conclusion:</i> The identified screening panel consisting of both metabolomics and clinical features has promising potential for screening for NAFLD in youth. Further development of this panel and independent validation testing in other cohorts are warranted.
Hydrodeoxygenation of fatty acids and triglycerides by Pt-loaded Nb2O5 catalysts (2014)

Pt/Nb<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub> shows more than 60 times higher TON than non-SMSI Pt catalysts and previous catalysts for the hydrodeoxygenation of stearic acid to <italic>n</italic>-octadecane at 180 °C in 8 bar H<sub>2</sub>. Nb<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub> can act as an activation site of carbonyl groups.
Information comptable des collectivités locales et évaluation du risque financier : une comparaison européenne (2001)

L'information comptable publiée par une collectivité locale contribue à l'évaluation de son risque de défaillance en tant que vecteur de réduction de l'asymétrie d'information entre la collectivité locale et ses pourvoyeurs de fonds. Contrairement à l'entreprise, la gestion de l'information comptable par la collectivité locale est limitée en raison de l'existence d'un cadre réglementaire strict. C'est ici le législateur qui dispose d'un pouvoir déterminant pour réduire l'asymétrie d'information, d'où la pleine légitimité de l'analyse institutionnelle dans le processus d'évaluation du risque de défaillance locale. Cet article présente une comparaison européenne du cadre institutionnel qui régit l'information comptable des collectivités locales dans l'optique de son utilisation par les pourvoyeurs de fonds à des fins d'évaluation de risque. L'objectif est de répondre à la question : peut-on pratiquer une analyse financière locale de détection du risque dans un contexte européen au vu du niveau d'harmonisation des politiques comptables ?
Intraresonator generation of second optical harmonic under wave mismatch conditions (1976)

A. theoretical analysis is made of the steady-state single-frequency Intraresonator generation of second optical harmonic under wave mismatch conditions. It is assumed that at the fundamental frequency both resonator mirrors are totally reflecting but the second harmonic escapes without hindrance from the resonator. The process of wave amplification in the active medium is described by a system of rate equations and the interaction of waves in the nonlinear medium by a system of reduced equations for the real and imaginary parts of the complex amplitudes. It is assumed that the transverse structure of the waves is homogeneous. An analytic solution of the problem is obtained near the threshold. Numerical solutions are obtained for the case of strong pumping in a wide range of parameters of the problem. It is shown that, in particular, the optimal harmonic generation conditions can be achieved even in the presence of a wave mismatch provided it does not exceed a certain critical value; it is also demonstrated that there is a multitude of optimal regimes. The nonmonotonic nature of the dependence of the optimal length of the nonlinear crystal on the pump rate is established. The results of an experimental investigation of the harmonic generation are in agreement with the theoretical predictions.
Sterilizing Activity of Fully Oral Intermittent Regimens against Mycobacterium Ulcerans Infection in Mice (2016)

These results open the door for a fully intermittent oral drug regimen for BU treatment avoiding intramuscular injections and facilitating supervision by health care workers.
Hydride vapor phase epitaxy for gallium nitride substrate (2019)

Abstract Due to the remarkable growth rate compared to another growth methods for gallium nitride (GaN) growth, hydride vapor phase epitaxy (HVPE) is now the only method for mass product GaN substrates. In this review, commercial HVPE systems and the GaN crystals grown by them are demonstrated. This article also illustrates some innovative attempts to develop homebuilt HVPE systems. Finally, the prospects for the further development of HVPE for GaN crystal growth in the future are also discussed.
Dual Circular-Polarized SIW-Fed High-Gain Scalable Antenna Array for 60 GHz Applications (2018)

In this paper, a dual circularly polarized high-gain scalable antenna array is proposed for the 60 GHz applications. The array consists of cross-slot-coupled cavity-backed square patch antenna elements fed by a novel substrate-integrated waveguide network. In our design, the two polarizations share the common radiating element and feed network so that they exhibit similar performance in terms of bandwidth, gain, and radiation patterns for both polarizations. An 8×8 element array is designed to demonstrate its function, and the simulated data exhibit an overlapped bandwidth (SWR <; 2, 3 dB down gain bandwidth and AR <; 3 dB) of approximately 23%, a gain up to 25.8 dBic for both ports, and a port-to-Port isolation larger than 14 dB. Good unidirectional and symmetrical radiation patterns are observed. A prototype is fabricated, and the measured results agree with the simulated ones with acceptable disparities. The reported structure is built by the conventional printed circuit board technology which is cost effective. With these advantages, the proposed scalable antenna design is a good candidate for millimeter-wave wireless communications.
New Chlamydia trachomatis L2 Strains Identified in a Recent Outbreak of Lymphogranuloma Venereum in Vienna, Austria (2008)

This outbreak of LGV represents the further spread of C. trachomatis L2 infection. Sequence analysis of ompA regions shows heterogeneity of L2 variants, suggesting more than 1 source of the LGV infections diagnosed in Vienna.
Notes on Uniqueness of Meromorphic Functions (2006)

Abstract. In this paper, we study the problem of uniqueness on mero-morphic functions involving in differential polynomials and obtain some results which extend and improve the theorems of M. Fang and W. Hong et al. 1. Introduction and
Efficiency of capturing a phase image using cone-beam x-ray Talbot interferometry (2008)

We assesses the efficiency of x-ray Talbot interferometry (XTI), a technique based on the Talbot effect for measuring a wavefront gradient, in terms of how quickly it can capture a high-quality phase image with a large signal-to-noise ratio for a given incident photon number. Photon statistics cause errors in the phase of the moiré fringes and impose a detection limit on the wavefront gradient. The relation between the incident photon number and the detection limit is determined, and a figure of merit of XTI for a monochromatic cone beam is then defined. The dependence of the figure of merit on optical system parameters, such as grating pitch and position, is then discussed. The effects of varying the pattern height and linewidth of the second grating are shown for rectangular and trapezoidal teeth. Finally, we show how to design a practical cone-beam Talbot interferometer for certain boundary conditions.
L’iconographie ortodoxe du Sommeil de l’Enfant Jésus, endormi comme un lion, et ses variantes roumaines (2012)

L’image du Sommeil de Jésus porte des noms différents dans les Balkans et en Russie, sans se distinguer fondamentalement du point de vue iconographique. En Grèce l’image s’appelle Anapeson (gr. ό Άναπέσων: fr. Celui qui se couche – Genèse, 49 : 9) et porte parfois en titre le verset entier « Il ploie les genoux, il se couche, comme un lion, comme une lionne : qui le fera lever ?», alors que les icônes et les fresques russes du même type sont intitulées L’OEil qui veille et l’on y ajoute parfois l’inscription : « Le gardien d’Israël ne tombera pas en somnolence, il ne s’endormira pas» (Psaume 120 : 4) ». Le but de la présente étude est de relever l’importance des sources littéraires (y compris des textes liturgiques chantés aux matines du Samedi saint) dans la constitution du type iconographique de l’image du Sommeil de Jésus et de faire une description des ses variantes roumaines.
Random Noise in an Attenuating Fluid Medium (1951)

It is assumed that acoustic background noise is caused by a distribution of random white noise sources, whose physical mechanism is unspecified. A law expressing the amplitude-distance attenuation characteristic of the medium is also assumed. Several distributions of noise sources are considered: uniform volume distributions, uniform surface dipole distributions, and two mixed cases. The noise drop-off with frequency at a point below the surface is found for each case. For an infinite volume of noise sources, this drop-off is 6 db/octave at all frequencies. It is shown how this simple model can be generalized to other attenuation laws and other spatial and amplitude distributions of noise sources.
Case of acne conglobata successfully treated by CO2 laser combined with topical tretinoin therapy (2007)

Acne conglobata is an uncommon disorder characterized by the presence of nodulocystic lesions. Conservative therapy with oral and topical antibiotics is of limited efficacy in many cases, and surgical excision is often needed for removal of the cystic lesions. Treatment is particularly difficult in cases with lesions located in aesthetically sensitive areas, such as the face. We successfully treated a case of acne conglobata by CO(2) laser ablation to remove the top of the sinuses and their tracts. In addition, topical tretinoin therapy was also initiated simultaneously to prevent the appearance of new acne lesions. Based on the results, we propose that the use of CO(2) laser for opening the cysts, combined with topical tretinoin therapy to prevent the appearance of new lesions, is a powerful treatment option for acne conglobata.
Sulfonium Ion Adducts from Quasiliving Polyisobutylene and Mono- or Disulfides (2009)

Low-temperature-stable sulfonium ion adducts were generated by addition of mono- and disulfides to TiCl4-catalyzed quasiliving polyisobutylene (PIB). The adducts were studied in situ via low temperature NMR in 50/50 (v/v) CS2/CD2Cl2 using the initiator 2-chloro-2,4,4-trimethylpentane (TMPCl) and C16 and C20 tert-chloride oligo-isobutylenes as models for the PIB chain end. At temperatures less than or equal to −60 °C, quantitative 1:1 adducts were formed between the (di)sulfides and TMPCl or the oligo-isobutylenes. Adduct formation prevented further homopolymerization of isobutylene, but when a more reactive nucleophile such as an alcohol or amine was added to the reaction, the adducts were destroyed. Both elimination and substitution products were obtained at the PIB chain end. With PIB−monosulfide adducts, elimination was the principle decomposition pathway, and near-quantitative formation of exo-olefin PIB was achieved upon termination by a hindered tertiary amine, such as proton trap, 2,6-di-tert-butylpyridine. For PIB−disulfide adducts, decomposition was observed to occur principally through sulfur−sulfur cleavage, yielding useful thioether end groups, e.g., when terminated with triethylamine, the PIB−bis(2-bromoethyl) disulfide adduct yielded near-quantitative primary bromide-terminated PIB.