gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Differentiating foothold attacks from strategic feints (2013)

Purpose – The purpose of this article is to broaden our understanding of the relationship between footholds and feints, particularly within a context of judo strategy, and propose a framework whereby organizational decision makers might differentiate foothold attacks from strategic feints as competitive moves. Design/methodology/approach – The paper used utilized an inductive approach to framework development using an in-depth case study for contextual explanation of firm rivalry between Nectar and Coca Cola in the Balkans region. To identify the framework dimensions, the paper integrated real options reasoning with game-theoretic and competitive dynamics perspectives. It also used a market multiples approach to conduct a retrospective valuation analysis to support our framework. Findings – The examination of the competitive interplay between Nectar and Coke in the Balkans region provides meaningful intimation of the linkages between foothold moves, feints, and judo strategy techniques. Based on insights from the case, we develop a framework for practical differentiation of foothold attacks from feints. Research limitations/implications – A limiting factor is that only a case approach to framework development was used. However, we accept that the framework dimensions could have been identified using other methods. Another limiting factor is that our analysis only considered foothold moves for the geographic markets, but not for product markets. Practical implications – The paper offers management practitioners an operative framework for differentiating foothold attacks from strategic feints. Originality/value – This unique contribution is the development of an operable framework for practical differentiation of competitive foothold attacks from feints. The extant literature offers no guidance as to how one might differentiate a true foothold attack from a feint. The ability to do so from a competitive standpoint could prove profound for firm success.
Models, Media and Motion: Using the Web to Support Multimedia Documents (1997)

The World-Wide Web has been used extensively to present hypertext documents that have a limited mixture of text and simple graphics which are distributed via the public Internet. The performance characteristics of the Internet have made the delivery of complex multimedia documents (that is, documents that include time-based components) difficult. An effort is currently underway by members of industry, research centers and user groups to define a standard document format that can be used in conjunction with time-based transport protocols over Inter- and Intranets to support rich multimedia presentations. This paper outlines the goals of the W3C’s Synchronized Multimedia working group and presents an initial description of the first version of the proposed multimedia document model and format. 1
The relationship between the Security Council and the International Criminal Court in the light of Resolution 1422 (2002) (2003)

On 12 July 2002, Security Council adopted Resolution 1422, in which it requested that International Criminal Court (ICC) not commence or proceed with investigation or prosecution of any case that may arise concerning acts or omissions relating to an operation established or authorized by United Nations involving current or former officials or personnel from a state contributing to that operation which is not a party to Statute of ICC (or the Rome Statute). This request was stated to have been made consistent with provisions of Article 16 of Rome which allows Security Council to make requests in resolutions adopted under Chapter VII of United Nations Charter deferring any investigation or prosecution at ICC for a period of twelve months. The aim of this paper is to examine compatibility of Resolution 1422 with conditions required under article 16 of Rome Statute, within broader context of relationship between Security Council and ICC.
Measurement of 25-hydroxyvitamin D in serum and its relation to sunshine, age and vitamin D intake in the Danish population (1979)

A competitive protein-binding assay for 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OHD) based upon a specific binding protein in the cytosol from rachitic rat kidneys is described. A diethyl ether extraction followed by separation by freezing was used. The extracts were chromatographed on short silicic acid columns, which separated 25-hydroxycholecalciferol from cholecalciferol, 24,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol, and 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol. A small aliquot of the 25-OHD fraction was used in the assay and free and bound vitamin were separated by dextran coated charcoal. The lower detection limit was 0.8 ng/ml (2.0 nmol/l). The levels of 25-OHD were measured in 596 healthy subjects and a seasonal variation was demonstrated. This variation, however, was only found in those without regular vitamin D intake, whereas the level of 25-OHD remained constant throughout the year in subjects with regular vitamin D supplement. The levels of 25-OHD were lower in the elderly subjects compared to younger ones, but seasonal variation was observed in both groups. In the summer months there was a significant correlation between age and the 25-OHD level. The mean levels of 25-OHD in Denmark are within the range of means found in the United States and Sweden but are higher than those reported from England, Belgium and France. This indicates a relatively high vitamin D intake in the Danish population and a low risk of nutritional vitamin D deficiency.
Differential Activation of Cysteine-Substitution Mutants of Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor 3 Is Determined by Cysteine Localization (2002)

Various human skeletal disorders are thought to be caused by mutations in fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 (FGFR3). These result in chronic FGFR3 hyperactivation and inhibition of bone growth. One such disorder, thanatophoric dysplasia, the most common form of sporadic, lethal dwarfism, is associated frequently with cysteine substitutions (G370C, S371C, and Y373C) in the extracellular juxtamembrane region of the receptor. These mutations have been suggested to induce disulfide-mediated receptor dimerization and constitutive activation. An adjacent cysteine substitution (G375C) leads to a less severe form of human dwarfism, achondroplasia, suggesting that the intensity of FGFR3 activation by these cross-links may be position dependent. To test this hypothesis, we have sequentially replaced each amino acid at positions 370-375 of FGFR3 with cysteine. Expression of each of these mutant forms in 293T cells led to their spontaneous, ligand-independent dimerization and increased basal phosphorylation. Wild-type (WT) FGFR3 became dimerized and phosphorylated only on FGF stimulation. Among the mutants, only two (G370C and S371C) caused high basal phosphorylation with significantly increased constitutive levels of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) phosphorylation and c-fos transcription. This activity was probably caused by mutant homodimer pairs, because WT-mutant heterodimers were observed only in the presence, but not in the absence, of FGF1. The high spontaneous activity of the mutants in positions 370-371, unlike those in 372-375, affirms their known involvement with thanatophoric dysplasia. We conclude that the G370C and S371C mutant receptors spontaneously dimerize in the correct spatial orientation required for effective signal transduction, whereas the 372-5 mutants, like the WT receptor, may achieve this orientation only on ligand binding.
Signal Transduction in Hamster Fibroblasts Overexpressing the Human EGF Receptor (1989)

Human EGF receptors (HERs) were expressed in CCL39 hamster fibroblasts, a cell line responding only weakly to EGF despite the presence of 10-20,000 EGF receptors per cell. High expression of HERs (800,000 per cell) conferred EGF responsiveness. In these cells EGF is a potent mitogen, induces strong receptor autophosphorylation, phosphorylation of cellular substrates on tyrosine, activates the Na+/H+ exchanger, and weakly stimulates phosphoinositide (PI) turnover. Activation of PI turnover by a mitogen activating a receptor tyrosine kinase has not been observed previously in CCL39 cells. We present evidence, however, that the activation of this signaling pathway which is insensitive to pertussis toxin does not mediate the proliferative response. Unlike NIH 3T3 cells, CCL39 fibroblasts overexpressing HERs are not transformed nor can a transformed phenotype be observed in response to EGF or TGF alpha.
Cooling Energy Implications of Occupant Factor in Buildings under Climate Change (2017)

Occupant factor is a critical element in the overall energy consumption of buildings. This study aims to reveal how occupant factors influence the energy consumption of example buildings in Seoul, Tokyo, and Hong Kong under climate change projections, and to prioritize factors with energy saving potential for buildings in consideration of future climate change. The study finds that the cooling degree-hours base of 23.3 °C in the three cities sharply increases with future climate change by analyzing future hourly weather data produced herein. Simulations are made with EnergyPlus Runtime Language (Erl) for modeling occupant behavior. The simulation results reveal that a dynamic thermostat control based on an adaptive comfort model is an effective method to reduce cooling energy consumption under future climate change, reducing cooling energy consumption by up to 18% in some instances. In particular, we reveal that a combined application of the adaptive comfort control, nighttime ventilation, and the use of occupancy-based lighting and equipment result in reducing cooling energy consumption by 28%. The outcomes of this study are potentially useful in providing cost-effective solutions to adapt buildings for future climate change with simple modifications to occupant behavior. Also, the roles of renewable energy are briefly discussed.
A real‐time light‐scattering technique for tailings solids measurement (2021)

This study presents the concept of an economic in situ light-scattering sensor for real-time measurement of the solid content in tailings facilities. An experimental setup using a blue (405 nm wavelength) laser diode and silicon photodiodes was constructed to measure the angular distribution of the intensity of scattered light. It was found that the angular intensity of scattered light for tailing samples follows a cos<sup>n</sup> (θ) relation with n ≈ 1.5, where θ is the angle between the laser beam and the photodiode. An angular value of θ = 20° was chosen for the sensor design based on a high signal-to-noise ratio. The setup was used to determine the relation between scattered light intensity and solids content using a thickened tailings underflow from an oil sands facility and Kaolin as a model material. It was observed that the intensity of scattered light tends to increase with an increase in solids content, with qualitatively similar settling behavior for the two materials but at largely different time scales. An insertion-based prototype was built and tested in a large (2.7 m height) settling column with treated mature fine tailings, and the light-scattering data were verified by standard gravimetric method and gamma-ray measurements. In general, good agreement was established between these measurements in the absence of optical fouling, which demonstrates the potential of the sensor as an effective tool for tailings management.
Factors for Glaucoma Progression and the Effect of Treatment (2003)

Patients treated in the EMGT had half of the progression risk of control patients. The magnitude of initial IOP reduction was a major factor influencing outcome. Progression was also increased with higher baseline IOP, exfoliation, bilateral disease, worse mean deviation, and older age, as well as frequent disc hemorrhages during follow-up. Each higher (or lower) millimeter of mercury of IOP on follow-up was associated with an approximate 10% increased (or decreased) risk of progression.
ChemInform Abstract: Water as an Efficient Medium for the Synthesis of Cyclic Carbonate. (2009)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Transcription co‐activator Arabidopsis ANGUSTIFOLIA3 (AN3) regulates water‐use efficiency and drought tolerance by modulating stomatal density and improving root architecture by the transrepression of YODA (YDA) (2015)

One goal of modern agriculture is the improvement of plant drought tolerance and water-use efficiency (WUE). Although stomatal density has been linked to WUE, the causal molecular mechanisms and engineered alternations of this relationship are not yet fully understood. Moreover, YODA (YDA), which is a MAPKK kinase gene, negatively regulates stomatal development. BR-INSENSITIVE 2 interacts with phosphorylates and inhibits YDA. However, whether YDA is modulated in the transcriptional level is still unclear. Plants lacking ANGUSTIFOLIA3 (AN3) activity have high drought stress tolerance because of low stomatal densities and improved root architecture. Such plants also exhibit enhanced WUE through declining transpiration without a demonstrable reduction in biomass accumulation. AN3 negatively regulated YDA expression at the transcriptional level by target-gene analysis. Chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis indicated that AN3 was associated with a region of the YDA promoter in vivo. YDA mutation significantly decreased the stomatal density and root length of an3 mutant, thus proving the participation of YDA in an3 drought tolerance and WUE enhancement. These components form an AN3-YDA complex, which allows the integration of water deficit stress signalling into the production or spacing of stomata and cell proliferation, thus leading to drought tolerance and enhanced WUE.
Polymerization of tau peptides into fibrillar structures. The effect of FTDP‐17 mutations (1999)

The peptides corresponding to the four repeats found in the microtubule binding region of tau protein were synthesized and their ability for self-aggregation in presence of heparin or chondroitin sulfate was measured. Mainly, only the peptide containing the third tau repeat is able to form polymers in a high proportion. Additionally, the peptide containing the second repeat aggregates with a very low efficiency. However, when this peptide contains the mutation (P301L), described in a fronto temporal dementia, it is able to form polymers at a higher extent. Finally, it is suggested to have a role for the first and fourth tau repeats. It could be to decrease the ability of the third tau repeat for self-aggregation in the presence of heparin.
Operational strategies for a portfolio of wind farms and CHP plants in a two-price balancing market (2016)

In this paper, we explore the portfolio effect of a system consisting of a combined heat and power (CHP) plant and a wind farm. The goal is to increase the overall profit of the portfolio by reducing imbalances and, consequently, their implicit penalty in a two-price balancing market for electricity. We investigate two different operational strategies, which differ in whether the CHP plant and the wind farm are operated jointly or independently, and we evaluate their economic performance on a real case study based on a CHP-wind system located in the western part of Denmark. We present a comprehensive mathematical model for describing the different heat and power production units of the CHP plant and suggest different ways of determining its operation in a setup with two trading floors: a day-ahead market and a balancing market. We build a simulation framework that runs in a rolling-horizon fashion, so that forecasts for heat demand, wind power production, and market prices are updated at each iteration. We conclude that the portfolio strategy is the most profitable due to the two-price structure of the balancing market. This encourages producers to handle their imbalances outside the market.
Safety, Immunogenicity, and Hemostatic Efficacy of Nonacog Gamma in Patients With Severe or Moderately Severe Hemophilia B: A Continuation Study (2020)

This phase 3, prospective, open-label, multicenter, continuation study (NCT01286779) investigated the use of a recombinant factor IX (FIX), nonacog gamma (BAX 326, RIXUBIS<sup>®</sup>) in patients with severe or moderately severe hemophilia B. The study population included 85 patients transitioning from a phase 1/3 pivotal study (NCT01174446), a pediatric study (NCT01488994), and 30 newly recruited patients, naïve to nonacog gamma. Patients received nonacog gamma as prophylaxis treatment (standard, modified or PK-tailored) or on-demand, as determined by the investigator. Treatment was assessed for safety, immunogenicity, hemostatic efficacy and consumption. In this study, after ≥100 exposure days, nonacog gamma resulted in no treatment-related serious adverse events, and no patients developed inhibitory antibodies to FIX. Nonacog gamma was efficacious at controlling bleeding episodes, with an 89.1% overall hemostatic efficacy rating of excellent or good, and 56% of bleeds resolved with one infusion. The annualized bleeding rate was considerably lower during prophylactic treatment (median ABR of 1.3 in 108 patients) than during on-demand treatment (median ABR of 16.5 in 13 patients). These results show that in previously treated patients and nonacog gamma-naïve patients, long-term use of nonacog gamma had acceptable safety and tolerability, and was efficacious as a prophylactic treatment for the management of bleeding episodes.NCT01286779, EudraCT: 2010-022726-33.
Simultaneous Identification of Soyasaponins and Isoflavones and Quantification of Soyasaponin Bb in Soy Products, Using Liquid Chromatography/Electrospray Ionization-Mass Spectrometry (2003)

A method has been developed for simultaneous identification of soyasaponins and soy isoflavones in soy products, based on liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (LC/ESI-MS). Soy-based nutraceutical products were analyzed by LC/ESI-MS with detection of protonated and sodiated molecular ions, as well as characteristic fragment ions for these compounds. Soy isoflavones were characterized by a strong protonated molecular ion in addition to corresponding [aglycone + H]+ ions. Monitoring the soyasaponin-specific protonated aglycone and dehydrated aglycone ions throughout the chromatogram provided a unique fingerprint for soyasaponin content in the samples. This mass spectrometric fingerprint also allowed immediate classification of the soyasaponin analytes as group A or B soyasaponins, based on the unique masses of aglycone ions observed for each class. Quantification of soyasaponin Bb in soy-derived materials, based on the use of a purified soyasaponin Bb standard and a glycyrrhizin internal standard, has been accomplished. Keywords: Bioactive; diet; Glycine max; isoflavones; natural product; nutrition; saponins
Application of simple chromatographic methods for the diagnosis of defects in pyrimidine degradation (1993)

Recent findings suggest that inborn errors of pyrimidine catabolism are less rare than generally assumed. We propose a complete set of diagnostic methods for these disorders, suitable for the clinical chemistry laboratory, and present relevant reference data. Applications of thin-layer chromatography, high-performance liquid chromatography, and conventional cation-exchange amino acid analysis lead to detection of various defects in pyrimidine degradation, including the recently described deficiencies of dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase and dihydropyrimidinase. We also illustrate the potential of the methods to analyze for the catabolites expected to be increased in the urine of patients with ureidopropionase deficiency. Possible pitfalls in the diagnosis and ways to prevent misdiagnosis are demonstrated. The methods offer possibilities for clinical chemistry laboratories to extend their diagnostic capacity to the new area of pyrimidine degradation defects.
Cellular active transport along lipid nanotube networks. (2019)

Abstract not provided.
Electromigration analysis of peripheral ultra fine pitch C2 flip chip interconnection with solder capped Cu pillar bump (2011)

In this report, the electromigration behavior of 80μm pitch C2 (Chip Connection) interconnection is studied and discussed. C2 is a peripheral ultra fine pitch flip chip interconnection technique with Cu pillars and Sn/Ag capped solder bumps formed on Al pads for wirebonding. The technique was reported in ECTC 2009. It allows an easy control of the space between dies and substrates just by varying the Cu pillar height. The control of the collapse of the solder bumps is not necessary, hence the technology is called the “C2 (Chip Connection)”. C2 bumps are connected to OSP surface treated Cu substrate pads on an organic substrate by reflow and no-clean process. C2 is a low cost ultra fine pitch Flip Chip interconnection. However, the electromigration behavior for such a small flip chip interconnection is still an open issue. The electromigration tests were performed on 80μm pitch C2 flip chip interconnection. The interconnections with two different solder materials were tested: Sn/2.5Ag and pure Sn. The effect of Ni barrier layer on the test is also studied. The tests showed that the presence of IMC layers reduce the atomic migration of Cu. The test also showed that the Ni barrier is also effective in reducing the migration of Cu atoms into Sn solder. The under bump metals (UBMs) are formed by sputtered Ti/Cu layers. The electro-plated Cu pillar height is 45μm and the solder height is 25μm for 80μm pitch. The die size is 7.3 mm square and the organic substrate is 20 mm square with 4 layers laminated prepreg with 310μm thickness. Electromigration test condition is 7-10 kA/cm2 at 125-170°C. Intermetallic compounds (IMCs) were formed prior to the test by aging process which is 2,000 hr at 150°C and then the electromigration tests were performed. We have studied the effect of IMCs thickness on electro-migration induced failure mechanism in C2 flip chip interconnection on an organic substrate.
Blockade of myeloid differentiation primary response gene 88 (myd88) pathway prevents total parenteral nutrition (TPN)-associated loss of epithelial barrier function (EBF) in a mouse model (2011)

Journal of the American College of Surgeons: September 2011 - Volume 213 - Issue 3 - p S19 doi: 10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2011.06.025
Microscopic origins of the induced χ(2) in thermally poled phosphate glasses (2009)

We have investigated the microscopic origins of the induced χ(2) in two phosphate glasses: a self-prepared lanthanum phosphate glass with molar composition 0.2La2O3 0.8P2O5 and a commercial sodium alumino phosphate glass (IOG-1, Schott Glass Technologies, Inc.) with molar composition 0.6P2O5 0.24Na2O 0.13Al2O3 0.03Ce2O3. The drastic difference in alkali content in these two phosphate glass systems results in different origins of their induced χ(2). For the poled lanthanum phosphate glass, the origin of the induced χ(2), which is directly proportional to the dc field established inside the glass, is the result of charge migration. A model that uses a single-positive-charge carrier with a nonblocking cathode describes the anodic surface χ(2) of 30μm thickness. For the poled sodium alumino phosphate glass, two mechanisms—dipole reorientation via the applied field and charge migration—are responsible for the origin of the bulk and the surface χ(2). Dipole reorientation via the applied field is suggested for the bulk contribution, while a charge migration model that involves multiple-charge carriers with nonblocking electrodes is appropriate for the surface χ(2).