gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Ecbalium elaterium(Squirting Cucumber)—Remedy or Poison? (2000)

Exposure to the juice of Ecbalium elaterium, mainly in its undiluted form, may cause irritation of mucous membranes, supposedly of inflammatory nature. Patients exposed orally or intranasally should be closely followed for upper airway obstruction. Patients exposed ocularly should have their eyes promptly irrigated to prevent corneal and conjunctival injury.
IP Authentication Header (2005)

This document describes an updated version of the IP Authentication
Header (AH), which is designed to provide authentication services in
IPv4 and IPv6. This document obsoletes RFC 2402 (November 1998).
[STANDARDS-TRACK]
Chromatic dispersion mapping by sensing the power distribution of four-wave mixing along the fiber using Brillouin probing (2003)

A new method for chromatic dispersion mapping in optical fibers is presented. It is based on measuring the CW four-wave mixing distribution created by two beams along the fiber using a Brillouin-OTDA. Experimental results demonstrate the feasibility of the technique.
Better isolation, proliferation and differentiation of human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells using human serum (2023)

Mesenchymal stem cells have many applications in medicine. Attention to the proliferation and differentiation of stem cell differentiation is an important issue. The aim of this study was to investigate the possibility of optimal isolation, proliferation, and differentiation of adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADSCs) using human serum. Human serum (HS) was obtained from the venous blood of eight healthy individuals. The rate of proliferation and differentiation of ADSCs and expression of surface markers was assessed by flow cytometry. Bone differentiation was assessed using Alizarin Red staining. Data were analyzed using statistical software. Over time, HS showed more proliferation than fetal bovine serum (FBS) -enriched cells (p <0.05). Differentiation of ADSCs cells ls in HS-enriched medium is faster and more pronounced than differentiation in the control group. The expression of surface markers in the medium containing HS was the same as the medium containing FBS where the expression levels of CD105 and CD95 were found to be positive and the expression of CD34 and CD45 was negative. Due to the better proliferation of adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal cells in the medium containing HS than FBS, it is suggested that human serum be used in future clinical studies. Also, HS is healthier, safer, more accessible, and more affordable than FBS.
Accuracy of an Omron (HEM-711AC) and a ReliOn (HEM-741CREL) Home Blood Pressure Monitor Compared With Standard Auscultatory Method Using Aneroid Sphygmomanometer (2013)

Home blood pressure (BP) monitoring is routinely recommended to hypertensive patients in the ambulatory care setting. Patients may choose from a variety of monitors, but the accuracy of these devices may be variable, and store brands are rarely included in comparison studies of these monitors. This study compared BP measurements obtained with the Omron Auto-Inflate Blood Pressure Monitor with Intellisense (HEM-711AC) and the ReliOn Auto-Inflate Digital Blood Pressure Monitor (HEM-741CREL) with a standard of manual readings obtained by auscultation with a stethoscope and aneroid sphygmomanometer. Participants were patients seeing the clinical pharmacist at an ambulatory clinic affiliated with a major teaching hospital and who consented to having their BPs measured using each of the 3 methods. Whereas both automatic monitors tended to overestimate systolic BP (SBP) and underestimate diastolic BP compared with the manual method, the only significant difference between the 3 devices was the Omron monitor’s 2.27–mm Hg average overestimation of SBP (95% confidence interval, 0.62–3.92 mm Hg, P = 0.007). The ReliOn monitor did not differ from manual method any more or less than did the Omron monitor in terms of SBP (Wilcoxon signed rank test, P = 0.4512), diastolic BP (P = 0.1398), or pulse (P = 0.9718). Results were robust throughout subgroup analyses for different BP levels and order of device use. Either home monitor included in this study could be recommended for patient use to compliment standard office BP readings.
Companion Protease Inhibitors to Protect Recombinant Proteins in Transgenic Plant Extracts (2009)

Summary We describe a general approach for the use of recombinant protease inhibitors as stabilizing agents for clinically useful proteins extracted from transgenic plant tissues. A procedure is first described to assess the overall (in)stability of heterologous proteins in transgenic plant crude protein extracts. Step-by-step protocols are then presented for the choice and use of companion protease inhibitors inhibiting the host plant proteases during extraction. This strategy, that reproduces the protein-stabilizing effect of low-molecular-weight protease inhibitors often added to protein extraction media, does not require the exogenous addition of such expensive and often toxic compounds. It also presents the advantage of being intrinsically scalable to the amount of biomass processed.
<title>SCIP computer simulation and laboratory verification</title> (1993)

Sheared Coherent Interferometric Photography (SCIP) is an active imaging technique that allows near-diffraction limited imaging of objects through turbulent media. This paper presents computer simulation and laboratory results that illustrate the viability of the technique.
Effects of crosslinking on the physical solid-state and dissolution properties of 3D-printed theophylline tablets (2021)

Crosslinking is an established treatment to alter the physicochemical and functional properties of polymers through the creation of bonds between the polymer chains. Polymers can be crosslinked via radiation in the presence of photo-initiator. The aim of the present study was to formulate 3D-printed theophylline (THEO) tablets using polyethylene oxide (PEO) as a carrier polymer, and to study the influence of crosslinking on the drug release behavior. The tablets were 3D-printed using the aqueous solution of PEO and THEO (80:20 w/w) with a micro-extrusion-based printing setup. A photo-initiator (4-hydroxybenzophenone) was added into the printing solutions, and the injectability of the solutions was investigated prior to printing. The 3D-printed tablets were crosslinked after printing using ultraviolet (UV) or gamma-radiation, and crosslinking was verified by means of Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The maximum injection force of aqueous printing solutions of PEO and THEO was close to that observed with the pure PEO solution. Increasing the number of printing layers in the 3D-printed tablets resulted in a slower drug release in vitro. Gamma-radiation in a nitrogen environment and UV-crosslinking made the carrier polymer (PEO) less water-soluble, but such crosslinking did not affect the release rate of the tablets. Surprisingly, even faster drug release behavior was found with the crosslinked 3D-printed tablets compared to that of non-crosslinked tablets. More research work is needed on the impact of 3D-printed tablet layering thickness and crosslinking for tailoring drug release behavior.
Muskuläre Sarkozystose nach Malaysiareise: eine Fallserie aus Deutschland (2014)

Muscular sarcocystosis develops in a biphasic pattern with initial fever and later prolonged myalgia, eosinophilia, and CK-elevation. Steroids achieve symptomatic relief in the late phase. Early cotrimoxazole-therapy could possibly prevent parasitic muscle invasion. In fever after travel to Malaysia differential diagnosis should include sarcocystosis. The source of infection appears to be located in North-West of Tioman. Further studies are needed, including addressing early diagnosis and treatment.
Glucocorticoid Receptor Mediated Inhibition of Interleukin-1 Stimulated Neutral Metalloprotease Synthesis in Normal Human Chondrocytes* (1991)

Glucocorticoids play an important role in the therapy of arthritic diseases. We sought, firstly, to identify, characterize and localize glucocorticoid receptors (GR) in normal human chondrocytes and, secondly, to determine whether glucocorticoid suppression of human recombinant interleukin-1 beta (rhIL-1 beta)-stimulated metalloproteases (MPs) synthesis by chondrocytes requires GR occupancy. Radioligand binding studies with cultured chondrocytes revealed the presence of high affinity-low capacity [3H]dexamethasone (DEX) binding sites with the following kinetic parameters: Kd = 12.5 +/- 1.4 nmol/L, Nmax = 57,560 +/- 3,960 sites per cell. Competition studies indicated that the DEX binding site was glucocorticoid specific and the competitive hierarchy established was: DEX greater than RU-26988 greater than RU-486 greater than cortisol greater than progesterone much greater than testosterone greater than estradiol-17 beta. Immunocytochemical studies using a specific anti-human GR antiserum identified immunoreactive material primarily in the cytoplasm with cells cultured in the absence of glucocorticoids. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis-Western immunoblotting analysis of chondrocyte cytosol detected the presence of a macromolecular species comigrating with a standard protein possessing a molecular weight of 94 kilodalton. rhIL-1 beta provoked the synthesis and secretion of the MPs stromelysin and collagenase from human chondrocytes in a saturable, coordinate, and dose-dependent fashion. DEX and cortisol inhibited the cytokine-stimulated MP synthesis in similar dose-dependent fashions: DEX, IC50 for stromelysin and collagenase suppression was 1.12 X 10(-8) mol/L and 1.26 X 10(-9) mol/L, respectively and the IC50 for cortisol was 6.3 X 10(-7) mol/L and 4.9 X 10(-8) mol/L, respectively. rhIL-1 beta failed to stimulate metalloprotease synthesis and release from chondrocytes pretreated with 10 nmol/L DEX, even after 20 days of incubation. The antiglucocorticoid, RU-486 completely reversed the DEX induced suppression of MP synthesis at 10(-7) mol/L. RU-486 alone had no effect on MP synthesis. We believe there is a biochemical rationale for the therapeutic efficacy of glucocorticoid administration in the management of arthritic diseases such as osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis, and cytokines such as IL-1 are likely to be involved in the increase in MP synthesis.
Investigation of Phonon Deformation Potentials in Si$_{1-x}$Ge$_{x}$ by Oil-Immersion Raman Spectroscopy (2012)

Phonon deformation potentials (PDPs) in Si1-xGex were investigated by oil-immersion Raman spectroscopy. Transverse optical (TO) and longitudinal optical (LO) phonon modes were separately excited for strained Si1-xGex as well as strained Si. PDPs p and q were derived with the use of the Raman wavenumber shifts of TO and LO. The obtained PDPs for Si, SiGe0.153, and SiGe0.297 were compared with one another. Furthermore, the strain-shift coefficient was also obtained and compared with the previously reported values. The p and q values allow us to precisely evaluate anisotropic biaxial stress states in Si and Si1-xGex by oil-immersion Raman spectroscopy.
PTEN regulates IGF‐1R‐mediated therapy resistance in melanoma (2015)

Inhibition of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway is a major advance in the treatment of metastatic melanoma. However, its therapeutic success is limited by the rapid emergence of drug resistance. The insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF-1R) is overexpressed in melanomas developing resistance toward the BRAF(V) (600) inhibitor vemurafenib. Here, we show that hyperactivation of BRAF enhances IGF-1R expression. In addition, the phosphatase activity of PTEN as well as heterocellular contact to stromal cells increases IGF-1R expression in melanoma cells and enhances resistance to vemurafenib. Interestingly, PTEN-negative melanoma cells escape IGF-1R blockade by decreased expression of the receptor, implicating that only in melanoma patients with PTEN-positive tumors treatment with IGF-1R inhibitors would be a suitable strategy to combat therapy resistance. Our data emphasize the crosstalk and therapeutic relevance of microenvironmental and tumor cell-autonomous mechanisms in regulating IGF-1R expression and by this sensitivity toward targeted therapies.
Scalable Manufacturing Processes for Solid Lipid Nanoparticles (2019)

Using this method, protein-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles containing a low (1%) and high (16%) Pegylation were manufactured, purified and monitored for particle size using an at-line system demonstrating a scalable process for the manufacture of these nanoparticles.
A Seed Specific Δ‐12 Oleate Desaturase Gene Is Duplicated, Rearranged, and Weakly Expressed in High Oleic Acid Sunflower Lines (1998)

The seed oils of wild‐type sunflower ( Helianthus annuus L.) germplasm typically contain 140 to 350 g kg −1 oleic acid (18:1). Sunflower germplasm with 800 to 950 g kg −1 18:1 (high oleic germplasm) has been developed with a dominant mutation ( Ol ) originating from the cultivar ‘Pervenets’. We speculated that this mutation reduced the activity or expression of a Δ‐12 ol eate d esaturase (OLD) gene. This was tested by cloning OLD genes expressed in developing seeds and comparing nucleotide sequences, OLD transcript concentrations, and OLD restriction fragment lengths among wild‐type (low oleic) and backcross‐derived mutant (high oleic) lines fixed for ol or Ol alleles, respectively. An Arabidopsis thaliana L. OLD (At OLD) cDNA probe was used to isolate a full‐length cDNA clone (OLD‐7) from a developing seed cDNA library of sunflower. OLD‐7 was strongly expressed in developing seeds, but was not expressed in the other tissues sampled. The nucleotide sequences for OLD‐7 0RFs from partially isogenic low and high oleic acid lines (HA89 and HA341) were 100% identical. High oleic lines had substantially lower OLD‐7 transcript concentrations than low oleic lines. Restriction fragment analyses showed that OLD‐7 is duplicated and rearranged in mutant lines and linked to the Ol locus; thus, increased oleic acid content seems to be caused by DNA changes affecting OLD‐7 cis regulatory sequences. OLD‐7 RFLPs distinguish between Ol locus genotypes and can be used to accelerate the development of high oleic lines in sunflower.
Path diversity for LEO satellite-PCS in the urban environment (1997)

A new method for analyzing the propagation aspects of mobile satellite systems is introduced. It consists of: (1) taking fisheye lens images at potential user locations; (2) extracting path state information (clear, shadowed, or blocked) as a function of look angles from the images; and (3) combining each path state for single or multiple satellites in a specific constellation with frequency-appropriate statistical fade models to predict overall performance measures such as fade dependence with elevation angle or path-diversity gain. The advantage of the method is that it minimizes the need for expensive propagation campaigns. The importance of including specular reflections and diffraction under urban blockage conditions is established. From images obtained in urban Japan, a fade-lapse rate with elevation of 0.2 dB/degree is deduced for fades exceeded about 10% of the time. Path-diversity gain for combining and hand-off diversity is found for up to four-fold diversity at a high-, mid-, and low-latitude location for the Globalstar constellation. With two-fold diversity and neglecting implementation losses, the fade margin required for 80% and 95% coverage at mid-latitude urban locations is reduced from 16 to 6 dB and from 25 to 16 dB, respectively.
U-model based depth control of underwater glider (2015)

Controlling underwater glider brings a unique challenge for control engineers and academic researcher. The dynamics, nonlinearity and multivariable nature of glider plus the highly turbulent underwater disturbances has disregarded many effective control techniques. The Internal Model Control (IMC) structure, where the controller implementation includes explicit model of the plant has shown to be very effective for control of stable plants in process industries. The inherent capabilities of IMC to perform robustly and reject disturbances make it attractive to be used in applications like underwater robotics. In this paper adaptive IMC based on U-model is investigated for controlling depth of underwater Glider. U-model is an adaptive modeling framework that models system based on current control term only. This implies that the control law can be synthesized simplistically using Internal Model Control (IMC). Hence inverse of polynomial expression based on u(t-1) is computed using Newton-Raphson method. The effectiveness of U-model based IMC is illustrated with aid of simulation for depth control of glider. Furthermore, performance of proposed controller is compared with PID. Results show that U-model methodology performs better than PID in terms of settling time.
Metal Water: A Metamaterial for Acoustic Cloaking (2011)

A generic metamaterial is described that is suitable for making acoustic cloaking devices. The fundamental property is that it mimics the acoustic properties of water, yet can be modified to display anisotropic elastic properties suitable for cloaking. It has the important property that the amount of void space is conserved: a conservation of cloaked space. Acoustic cloaking can, in theory, be achieved using widely different material properties. The reason is that for a given mapping function the transformed version of the original scalar wave equation can be interpreted in terms of different material constitutive theories 1 . In this sense acoustic cloaking is distinct from its counterpart for electromagnetic waves, for which the material corresponding to the transformed Maxwell equations is uniquely defined by the transformation function. The first mechan- ism proposed for acoustic cloaking 2,3 was based on the concept of anisotropic density, and a single bulk modulus. Compressible fluids with anisotropic density are physically permissible 4 , by layering homogeneous fluids, for instance. The range of inertial properties required for achieving cloaking is great, however, and could be very difficult to achieve by layering. Significant cloaking of a cylinder was shown to be possible 5 using hundreds of homogeneous fluids to reproduce the smoothly varying properties of the transformed fluids. The number of independent fluids can be reduced to three 6 but
Transparent and Flexible Films of Thermoplastic Polyurethanes Incorporated by Nano-SiO2Modified With 4,4′-Methylene Diphenyl Diisocyanate (2014)

Abstract 4,4′-Methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (MDI) played a dual role for preparing thermoplastic polyurethanes (TPU)/silica nanocomposites; both as monomer to synthesize MDI-capped poly(tetramethylene oxide) (PTMO) and as surface modifier of nano-SiO2 particles. Untreated and/or MDI-treated SiO2 were homogeneously incorporated into the resulting TPU polymer after extension of the chains by 1,4-butanediol (BDO). To modify silica nanoparticles, MDI was grafted to the surface silanol groups of the nanoparticles by forming urethane links. MDI-treated SiO2 (SiO2-MDI) nanoparticles, as well as TPU/untreated SiO2 (TPU/SiO2) and TPU/MDI-treated SiO2 (TPU/SiO2-MDI) nanocomposites were characterized by FT-IR, UV-vis DRS, XRD, SEM, mechanical, and thermal analyses. Keywords: Nanosilicapolyurethane-based nanocompositesurface modificationUV-vis DRS Notes Color versions of one or more of the figures in the article can be found online at www.tandfonline.com/gpom.
Fluorescence lifetimes of nucleotide oligomers containing the cytosine analogue pyrrolocytosine (2007)

Introduction The natural nucleobases found in DNA: guanine (G), adenine (A), thymine (T) and cytosine (C) exhibit only extremely weak fluorescence. However, slight changes to the structure of the natural bases can lead to fluorescent compounds. Pyrrolocytosine (PC), shown in figure 1, is a fluorescent base structurally similar to the natural nucleobase cytosine and like cytosine pyrrolocytosine can base pair with guanine in double-stranded DNA. As the fluorescence of pyrrolocytosine is quenched upon helix formation the base can be used as a marker for the local structure and dynamics of nucleic acids. [1]
[Construction of hybrid plasmids containing the yeast replicator]. (1983)

In Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain 6-1G-P188 about 10 per cent of rRNA genes exist as extrachromosomal copies of rDNA repeating units. These extrachromosomal copies can be isolated as covalently closed molecules with lengths around 3mu. We have constructed a set of hybrid plasmids containing the bacterial vector pBR325, the LEU2 gene of yeast encoding beta-isopropylmalatedehydrogenase and various EcoRI restriction fragments of the 3mu DNA. We have tested the ability of our hybrid plasmids to transform LEU2 strain DC5 to leucine prototrophy. One of the plasmids Rcp21/11 transforms DC5 at the frequency comparable with that obtained with YEp13, containing the 2mu DNA replication origin. The 2400 bp EcoRI-B fragment of the 3mu DNA in Rcp21/11 carries a gene for 5S rRNA and two spacers. Our results on transformation experiments allow un to suggest that this EcoRI fragment also carries the 3mu DNA replication origin. Yeast transformants containing this plasmid are highly unstable but during the prolonged growth in selective conditions the stabilization of the LEU+ phenotype is observed being most likely a result of integration of Rcp21/11 into the yeast chromosome.
Moment analysis of near-equilibrium binding interactions during electrophoresis (2007)

The electrophoretic transport of three chemically reacting species, two of which can bind reversibly to form the third, is analyzed mathematically. The species are assumed to move horizontally through a long channel with different electrophoretic mobilities and diffusion coefficients. By considering small perturbations of the system about equilibrium or when one of the two binding species is much more abundant than the other, the governing advection-reaction-diffusion equations can be linearized and studied via the method of moments. The result is a set of coupled ordinary differential equations for the moments that can be solved analytically. Analysis of the long-time evolution of the moments yields mean velocities and dispersion coefficients for each species. The results provide a method for measuring the rate and equilibrium constants of binding reactions using capillary electrophoresis.
Adding Intelligibility to Machine Learning-Based Interactive Systems (2008)

Current interactive systems that rely on machine learning techniques have little, if any, support for intelligibility. That is, users are unable to ask why a machine learning system made a particular prediction or classification, or why it suggested a particular action be taken. In our work, we look at the need for intelligibility in machine learning (and other complex) systems, and mechanisms for providing support for intelligibility.
Concentration of paramagnetic centers in boron doped polycrystalline diamond films (1996)

Though no boron signal is identified, with respect to their boron content the narrow and broad components of the electron spin resonance signal in boron doped polycrystalline film decrease from 1018 to 1016 cm−3. This is ascribed to two different structural defects with concentration decreasing with the boron content, in agreement with theoretical predictions. Finally, we suggest a spatial location for these defects.
Impact of molecular weight on film morphology and optical properties of the conjugated polymer MEH-PPV (2004)

We show that the molecular weight of the typical model polymer MEH-PPV has major impact on every optical property of thin films, e.g. on birefringence, cubic optical nonlinearities, and propagation loss of slab waveguides.