gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Facial Nerve Monitoring (2016)

Facial nerve monitoring has been increasingly routinely used as an intraoperative adjunctive method to help the head and neck surgeon to identify and minimize facial nerve injury during parotid surgery. The goals, current applications, recent technical advances, and limitations of the method are reviewed. A main focus of this chapter is a review of several prospective clinical trials that have been performed in recent years that have analyzed the benefit of electrophysiological nerve monitoring during parotid surgery. It has been demonstrated that nerve monitoring reduces the risk of early postoperative facial nerve dysfunction in primary surgery, but not in revision surgery. The effect is more pronounced in total than in superficial parotidectomy. Monitoring is associated with shorter surgical times in primary superficial parotidectomy compared to total parotidectomy. Facial nerve stimulation at the completion of parotidectomy helps to prognosticate the facial nerve functional outcome. A lower postdissection to predissection ratio of the maximal response amplitude is associated with early postoperative facial dysfunction. Facial nerve monitoring also helps the surgeon to avoid facial nerve injury when the facial nerve is not exposed during parotid surgery, such as during extracapsular dissection of a parotid neoplasm or sentinel node biopsy.
Unified address translation for memory-mapped SSDs with FlashMap (2015)

Applications can map data on SSDs into virtual memory to transparently scale beyond DRAM capacity, permitting them to leverage high SSD capacities with few code changes. Obtaining good performance for memory-mapped SSD content, however, is hard because the virtual memory layer, the file system and the flash translation layer (FTL) perform address translations, sanity and permission checks independently from each other. We introduce FlashMap, an SSD interface that is optimized for memory-mapped SSD-files. FlashMap combines all the address translations into page tables that are used to index files and also to store the FTL-level mappings without altering the guarantees of the file system or the FTL. It uses the state in the OS memory manager and the page tables to perform sanity and permission checks respectively. By combining these layers, FlashMap reduces critical-path latency and improves DRAM caching efficiency. We find that this increases performance for applications by up to 3.32x compared to state-of-the-art SSD file-mapping mechanisms. Additionally, latency of SSD accesses reduces by up to 53.2%.
Purine N-Oxides (1969)

The major metabolites found in the urine after administration of 3-hydroxyxanthine-8J4Cto rats are 3-hydroxyuric acid, uric acid, xanthine, allantoin, and unchanged starting material.These metabolites can be accounted for by either the oxidizing or the reducing actions of xanthine oxidase and are influenced in vivo by the xanthine oxidase inhibitor,allopurinol.An enzymatic synthesis of 3-hydroxyuric acid is described.Xanthine oxidase activity is observable in the subcutaneous tissues where the compound is oncogenic, but there is no evidence that a xanthine oxidase-induced product is a proximate oncogen.The purine derivatives, 3-hSdro?;ys:lllthine,' guanine 3.oxide,' and adenine l-oxide, are oncogenic in the rat.These compounds induce a high incidence and a wide variety of tumors at the site of their subcutaneous administration (3-5).Recent assays2 illdicate that the first two are about equally oncogenic and the t,hird considerably less so.This report concerns the metabolism in viva of 3.hydroxyxanthine, the oxidizing and reducing actions of xanthine oxidase on 3-hydrosyxanthine in vivo and in v&o, and a consideration of the possible role of xanthine osidnse in oncogenesis by these compounds.EXPERIMSXTAL PROCEDURE Do\ves XG-X8 ion eschange resins (200 to 400 mesh) were from Calbiochem.Column eluates were monitored for their absorption at 254 mp.Paper chromatography systems and Rr values are given in Table I.L)etennination of Radioactivity--X Packard Tri-Carb model 3003 scintillat,ion spectrometer w&h automatic external standardizat.ionwas used for radioactivity determinations.
Total synthesis of (+-)-byssochlamic acid (1972)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTotal synthesis of (+-)-byssochlamic acidGilbert Stork, Jacob M. Tabak, and John F. BlountCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1972, 94, 13, 4735–4737Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1972Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1972https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00768a055https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00768a055research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views439Altmetric-Citations23LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Identification of a humanized mouse model for functional testing of immune-mediated biomaterial foreign body response (2023)

Biomedical devices comprise a major component of modern medicine, however immune-mediated fibrosis and rejection can limit their function over time. Here, we describe a humanized mouse model that recapitulates fibrosis following biomaterial implantation. Cellular and cytokine responses to multiple biomaterials were evaluated across different implant sites. Human innate immune macrophages were verified as essential to biomaterial rejection in this model and were capable of cross-talk with mouse fibroblasts for collagen matrix deposition. Cytokine and cytokine receptor array analysis confirmed core signaling in the fibrotic cascade. Foreign body giant cell formation, often unobserved in mice, was also prominent. Last, high-resolution microscopy coupled with multiplexed antibody capture digital profiling analysis supplied spatial resolution of rejection responses. This model enables the study of human immune cell-mediated fibrosis and interactions with implanted biomaterials and devices.
Processing of laser joined aluminum-steel tailored blanks in overlap and butt joint configuration (2002)

The formability is an essential requirement for future applications of laser joined aluminum - steel tailored blanks in the automotive industry e.g. for the deep drawing of floor panels. A laser joining process for aluminum-zinc-coated steel tailored blanks was developed and improved in recent years at BIAS. Generally, tailored blanks can be joined in butt and overlap configuration. However, the formation of intermetallic phases during the thermal joining of dissimilar materials has a significant influence on the mechanical properties of the joint and therefore also on the formability of the tailored blanks. The phase formation results in a deterioration of the mechanical properties of the joint. With locally restricted energy input and high joining speeds by application of the laser technology, the thickness of such phases can be minimized in both butt and overlap joining techniques below 2 µm. For the characterization of the seam morphology, optical and electron microscopy have been carried out in addition to the mechanical and formability characterization. Thereby fracture stresses of 166 N/mm2 at butt joints and 180 N/mm2 at overlap joints in combination with a promising forming behavior have been achieved. Within this paper both butt and overlap techniques will be presented. This includes the process technologies, the problems of the intermetallic phase formation and the resulting formability of the tailored blanks.
Microemulsion-Mediated Solvothermal Synthesis and Morphological Evolution of MnCO<SUB>3</SUB> Nanocrystals (2006)

The morphology- and size-controlled synthesis of MnCO3 nanocrystals was successfully achieved by cationic surfactant-CTAB-microemulsion-mediated solvothermal method. Various comparison experiments with different reactant concentrations and molar ratios between water and CTAB, showed the evolvement law of the morphology and size of the as-synthesized MnCO3 nanocrystals. With slowly increasing the concentration of reactants and/or molar ratio between water and CTAB, the morphology of MnCO3 nanocrystals changed gradually from cube to parallelepiped, and then rhombohedron, whereas the size decreased a little. The effect of the experimental parameters on the shapes and sizes of samples, such as the source of carbonate salts, reaction time, and temperature, were also discussed. X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), selected area electron diffraction (SAED), and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) were used to characterize the products.
Supplemental Figure 4 from Inhibition of Fatty Acid Oxidation Modulates Immunosuppressive Functions of Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells and Enhances Cancer Therapies (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplemental Figure 4: FAO inhibitors do not affect the growth of tumor cells, cancer stem cells (spheres) or the expression of cancer stem-cell markers.&lt;/p&gt;
The Influence of Retention on the Plate Height in Ion‐Exchange Chromatography (2004)

Abstract The plate heights for the amino acid tyrosine (anion exchange) and the polypeptide aprotinin (cation exchange) were determined on a porous media (Resource 15) and a gel filled media (HyperD 20) at salt concentrations ranging from weak to strong retention. At a constant velocity, measurements showed that the plate height increase with increasing retention, went through a maximum, and finally, decreased as the retention increased, i.e., when the salt concentration was lowered further. The band broadening of a chromatographic peak in the column was caused by the axial dispersion and mass transfer. In this article, the rate of mass transfer in the particles is described by three different rate mechanisms, pore diffusion, solid diffusion, and parallel diffusion. The van Deemter equation was used to model the data to determine the mass‐transfer properties. The development of the plate height with increasing retention revealed a characteristic behavior for each rate mechanism. In the pore diffusion model, the plate height increased toward a constant value at strong retention, while the plate height in the solid diffusion model decreased, approaching a constant value at strong retention. In the parallel diffusion model, both pore and solid diffusion took place. Therefore, the parallel diffusion model coincides with the pore diffusion model at weak retention and with the solid diffusion model at strong retention, while a maximum is reached at intermediate retention, resulting in a bell‐shaped curve. This behavior corresponds to the observed variation of the plate height at constant velocity. Neither the pore nor the solid diffusion model can describe the experimental data while a satisfactory fit was obtained using the parallel diffusion model.
<title>Video segmentation in the wavelet domain</title> (1998)

Automatic video indexing is an important feature in the design of a video databases. Recently, compressed domain techniques have become popular due their inherent advantages of efficiency and reduced complexity. Wavelet transform is emerging as a powerful tool for efficient compression of visual information. A variety of wavelet based video compression techniques have been reported in the literature. However, there has been little work done in the area of video indexing in the wavelet domain. In this paper, we present video segmentation techniques in a wavelet based compression framework. These techniques employ wavelet coefficients, their distribution, and the motion vectors estimated by the associated video coder. Simulation result shows that the proposed techniques provide a good indexing performance at a low complexity.
Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy in children: Results and short‐term complications (2007)

In children, extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy proved to be able to eliminate 75.8% of the treated calculi and 83.7% of the patients presented a complete or partial response. Complications were observed in 23.7% of patients, and pain was the most frequent symptom.
QuakeSim: Efficient Modeling of Sensor Web Data in a Web Services Environment (2008)

QuakeSim is a project to develop a modeling environment for studying earthquake processes using a Web services environment. In order to model interseismic processes multiple data types must be ingested including spaceborne GPS and InSAR data, geological fault data, and seismicity data. QuakeSim federates data from these multiple sources and integrates the databases with modeling applications. Because the models are complex and compute intensive we are using the Columbia computer located at NASA Ames to integrate and run software programs to improve our understanding of the solid Earth and earthquake processes. The complementary software programs are used to simulate interacting earthquake fault systems, model nucleation and slip on faults, and calculate run-up and inundation from tsunamis generated by offshore earthquakes. QuakeSim also applies pattern recognition techniques to real and simulated data to elucidate subtle features in the processes.
A technique for determining the deuterium/hydrogen contrast map in neutron macromolecular crystallography (2015)

A difference in the neutron scattering length between hydrogen and deuterium leads to a high density contrast in neutron Fourier maps. In this study, a technique for determining the deuterium/hydrogen (D/H) contrast map in neutron macromolecular crystallography is developed and evaluated using ribonuclease A. The contrast map between the D2O-solvent and H2O-solvent crystals is calculated in real space, rather than in reciprocal space as performed in previous neutron D/H contrast crystallography. The present technique can thus utilize all of the amplitudes of the neutron structure factors for both D2O-solvent and H2O-solvent crystals. The neutron D/H contrast maps clearly demonstrate the powerful detectability of H/D exchange in proteins. In fact, alternative protonation states and alternative conformations of hydroxyl groups are observed at medium resolution (1.8 Å). Moreover, water molecules can be categorized into three types according to their tendency towards rotational disorder. These results directly indicate improvement in the neutron crystal structure analysis. This technique is suitable for incorporation into the standard structure-determination process used in neutron protein crystallography; consequently, more precise and efficient determination of the D-atom positions is possible using a combination of this D/H contrast technique and standard neutron structure-determination protocols.
[Lipid peroxides, antiperoxidase and the progressive course of experimental atherosclerosis]. (1992)

Rabbits were fed on cholesterol-rich (CHO) diet first for 60 days, and serum cholesterol, serum lipid peroxides (LPO) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities were measured at various periods after the withdrawal of the CHO-rich diet. The correlation of the above figures and the initiation, progression and regression of atherosclerotic lesion were studied. Results showed that: (1) when rabbits were fed on a CHO-rich diet for 60 days, the serum CHO and LPO increased significantly. Anyhow, the SOD activity was only slightly elevated when tiny atherosclerotic lesions developed in the aortae. (2) right after withdrawal of the CHO diet, serum CHO decreased significantly, but atherosclerotic lesion became even more severe than before. (3) after withdrawal of the CHO diet for 120 days, serum CHO, LPO content and SOD activity all returned to normal range and the atheromatous lesion became less severe except calcification and fibrosis developed in certain areas.
The human homolog of a candidate mouse t complex responder gene: conserved motifs and evolution with punctuated equilibria (1993)

The mouse Tcp-10 gene has been established as a molecular candidate for the t complex responder locus which plays a central role in the transmission ratio distortion phenotype expressed by males heterozygous for a t haplotype. Here we describe a comparison of the mouse and human TCP10 coding sequences. The results show that whole exons have been added or eliminated from the transcripts expressed in each species, suggesting an evolutionary process of punctuated equilibria for this gene. Two of the polypeptide regions that are most conserved between the two species contain specific peptide motifs. The conserved C-terminal region contains a unique nonapeptide repeat of unknown function and the conserved N-terminal region contains a pair of leucine zippers within a region that shows additional similarity to the coiled-coil regions of various cytosolic polypeptides. These results are discussed in terms of the possible function of the TCP10 protein.
Availability to pigs of amino acids in cereal grains (1981)

1. Pigs prepared with re-entrant ileal cannulas were used to determine the ileal availability of amino acids in nine cereal grains including five wheats, sorghum (Sorghum vulgare Pers.), maize, barley and Triticale. 2. The average true availability of amino acids in these grains was 0.88 but there were consistent differences in availability among amino acids. Generally, lysine and threonine were among the least available amino acids while glutamic acid and arginine were among the most available amino acids in cereal protein. 3. There was much variation in amino acid availability within a grain species (wheat) as among the other grains.
On the data complexity of consistent query answering (2012)

The framework of database repairs is a principled approach to managing inconsistency in databases. In particular, the consistent answers of a query on an inconsistent database provide sound semantics and the guarantee that the values obtained are those returned by the query on every repair of the given inconsistent database. In this paper, we carry out a systematic investigation of the data complexity of the consistent answers of conjunctive queries for set-based repairs and with respect to classes of constraints that, in recent years, have been extensively studied in the context of data exchange and data integration. Our results, which range from polynomial-time computability to undecidability, complement or improve on earlier work, and provide a fairly comprehensive picture of the data complexity of consistent query answering. We also address the problem of finding a "representative" or "useful" repair of an inconsistent database. To this effect, we introduce the notion of a universal repair, as well as relaxations of it, and then apply it to the investigation of the data complexity of consistent query answering.
A tentative mathematical model to describe the evolution of the aerobic and anaerobic respiration rates of golden delicious apples with temperature, PO2 and PCO2 (2006)

A mathematical model describing the evolution of aerobic and anaerobic respiration of Golden Delicious apples stored in refrigerated and controlled atmosphere, as a function of temperature, PO 2 and PCO 2 is presented and discussed. This paper reports: the hypothesis utilised to formulate the model; the kinetic equations used; the identification of the best values to be assigned to the functional parameters of the mathematical equations introduced; the model validation carried out by using an independent experimental data set. Despite the low number of functional parameters utilised, this model appears able to suitably describe the evolution of aerobic respiration and alcoholic fermentation rates of Golden Delicious apples stored at different temperatures, PO 2 and PCO 2 .
Thermal Performance of Natural Graphite Heat Spreaders (2005)

Heat spreaders can be made from natural graphite sheet materials. These spreaders take advantage of the anisotropic thermal properties of natural graphite. Natural graphite exhibits a high thermal conductivity in the plane of the sheet combined with a much lower thermal conductivity through the thickness of the sheet. As a result, a natural graphite sheet can function as both a heat spreader and an insulator and can be used to eliminate localized hot spots in electronic components. In some cases, a natural graphite heat spreader can replace a conventional thermal management system consisting of a heat sink and cooling fan. This paper examines the properties of natural graphite heat spreaders and the application of these spreaders to thermal management problems in laptop computers. The thermal and mechanical properties of natural graphite heat spreaders are presented along with a discussion of how those properties are measured. The use of a natural graphite heat spreader to reduce the touch temperature in a laptop computer is presented. Both experimental techniques and numerical models are used to examine performance of the heat spreader in this application.
Fgf20 governs formation of primary and secondary dermal condensations in developing hair follicles (2013)

In hair follicle development, a placode-derived signal is believed to induce formation of the dermal condensation, an essential component of ectodermal organs. However, the identity of this signal is unknown. Furthermore, although induction and patterning of hair follicles are intimately linked, it is not known whether the mesenchymal condensation is necessary for inducing the initial epithelial pattern. Here, we show that fibroblast growth factor 20 (Fgf20) is expressed in hair placodes and is induced by and functions downstream from epithelial ectodysplasin (Eda)/Edar and Wnt/β-Catenin signaling to initiate formation of the underlying dermal condensation. Fgf20 governs formation of primary and secondary dermal condensations in developing hair follicles and subsequent formation of guard, awl, and auchene hairs. Although primary dermal condensations are absent in Fgf20 mutant mice, a regular array of hair placodes is formed, demonstrating that the epithelial patterning process is independent of known histological and molecular markers of underlying mesenchymal patterns during the initial stages of hair follicle development.