gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Development of three types of multifocus 3D display (2011)

Three types of multi-focus(MF) 3D display are developed and possibility about monocular depth cue is tested. The multi-focus means the ability of monocular depth cue to various depth levels. By achieving multi-focus function, we developed 3D display system for each eye, which can satisfy accommodation to displayed virtual objects within defined depth. The first MF 3D display is developed via laser scanning method, the second MF 3D display uses LED array for light source, and the third MF 3D display uses slated LED array for full parallax monocular depth cue. The full parallax MF 3D display system gives omnidirectional focus effect. The proposed 3D display systems have a possibility of solving eye fatigue problem that comes from the mismatch between the accommodation of each eye and the convergence of two eyes. The monocular accommodation is tested and a proof of the satisfaction of the full parallax accommodation is given as a result of the proposed full parallax MF 3D display system. We achieved a result that omni-directional focus adjustment is possible via parallax images.
Front Cover Picture: Pyrazoleamides in Catalytic Asymmetric Reactions: Recent Advances (Adv. Synth. Catal. 14/2021) (2021)

The front cover picture, designed by Sara and Luca Meninno, illustrates poorly reactive carboxylic acids and their ester and amide derivatives transformed into pyrazoleamides super-molecules with superpowers. Where carboxylic acids, esters and amides fail pyrazoleamides succeed, allowing the transition from a world with limited possibilities to a rich and futuristic world, meeting the increasing needs of the society. The super-powers consist in: i) easy one-step synthesis from readily available carboxylic acids; ii) easy metal and H-bonding coordination with catalysts, unlocking otherwise inaccessible reactions on carboxylic acid derivatives; iii) exceptional leaving group ability which enables several post-functionalizations with different nucleophiles. Pyrazoleamides, unlike carboxylic acid derivatives have proven increasingly useful starting materials in a variety of diastereo- and enantioselective metal-, organocatalytic and photoinduced transformations, giving access to valuable intermediates, heterocycles and pharmaceuticals. Details can be found in the Review by Meninno, Franco, Benaglia, and Lattanzi. (S. Meninno, F. Franco, M. Benaglia, A. Lattanzi, Adv. Synth. Catal. 2021, 363, 3380–3410; DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202100006)
Autogenous Fat Grafting by Injection (1987)

We describe our technique of fat grafting by injection for the repair of facial contour deformities. The technique involves removal of fat by liposuction, treatment with insulin, and then injection into the area of contour deformity. The efficacy of insulin treatment remains unproven. Pre and post injected fat is examined histologically.
Order Optimal One-Shot Distributed Learning (2019)

We consider distributed statistical optimization in one-shot setting, where there are $m$ machines each observing $n$ i.i.d. samples. Based on its observed samples, each machine then sends an $O(\log(mn))$-length message to a server, at which a parameter minimizing an expected loss is to be estimated. We propose an algorithm called Multi-Resolution Estimator (MRE) whose expected error is no larger than $\tilde{O}\big(m^{-{1}/{\max(d,2)}} n^{-1/2}\big)$, where $d$ is the dimension of the parameter space. This error bound meets existing lower bounds up to poly-logarithmic factors, and is thereby order optimal. The expected error of MRE, unlike existing algorithms, tends to zero as the number of machines ($m$) goes to infinity, even when the number of samples per machine ($n$) remains upper bounded by a constant. This property of the MRE algorithm makes it applicable in new machine learning paradigms where $m$ is much larger than $n$.
Synthesis and Structure of a Cationic Platinum Borylene Complex (2007)

Making a B line: The boryl complex trans-[(Cy3P)2Pt(Br){B(Mes)Br}] was synthesized and converted into the first two-coordinate borylene complex of platinum, trans-[(Cy3P)2Pt(Br)(BMes)]+ (see picture), in which the boron atom is linearly coordinated. The bonding situation was analyzed by theoretical calculations and structural methods. Mes=2,4,6-Me3C6H2.
A Novel Table-Based Approach for Design of FinFET Circuits (2009)

A new lookup-table (LUT) approach, based on normalization of the drain current with an <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">I</i> <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">D</sub> - <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">V</i> <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">G</sub> template, is proposed for simulation of MOS transistor circuits. The LUT approach is validated by considering two examples and by comparing the LUT results with mixed-mode (device-circuit) simulation results. This approach is implemented in a circuit simulator and integrated, for the first time, with an optimizer to enable efficient design of circuits, particularly those involving novel technologies for which compact models are not fully developed. Three FinFET-based circuits are designed to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed environment. Furthermore, it is shown that the table-based platform can take into account variations in process, supply voltage, and temperature during the design.
A multiple level set method for modeling grain boundary evolution of polycrystalline materials (2008)

In this paper, we model grain boundary evolution based on a multiple level set method. Grain boundary migration under a curvature-induced driving force is considered and the level set method is employed to deal with the resulting topological changes of grain structures. The complexity of using a level set method for modeling grain structure evolution is due to its N-phase nature and the associated geometry compatibility constraint. We employ a multiple level set method with a predictor-multicorrectors approach to reduce the gaps in the triple junctions down to the grid resolution level. A ghost cell approach for imposing periodic boundary conditions is introduced without solving a constrained problem with a Lagrange multiplier method or a penalty method. Numerical results for both uniform and random grain structures evolution are presented and the results are compared with the solutions based on a front tracking approach (Chen and Kotta et al. 2004b).
Living Cell Factories ‐ Electrosprayed Microcapsules and Microcarriers for Minimally Invasive Delivery (2015)

Minimally invasive delivery of "living cell factories" consisting of cells and therapeutic agents has gained wide attention for next generation biomaterial device systems for multiple applications including musculoskeletal tissue regeneration, diabetes and cancer. Cellular-based microcapsules and microcarrier systems offer several attractive features for this particular purpose. One such technology capable of generating these types of systems is electrohydrodynamic (EHD) spraying. Depending on various parameters, including applied voltage, biomaterial properties (viscosity, conductivity) and needle geometry, complex structures and arrangements can be fabricated for therapeutic strategies. The advances in the use of EHD technology are outlined, specifically in the manipulation of bioactive and dynamic material systems to control size, composition and configuration in the development of minimally invasive micro-scaled biopolymeric systems. The exciting therapeutic applications of this technology, future perspectives and associated challenges are also presented.
Concentration Field Evolution during the Drying of a Thin Polymer Solution Film near the Contact Line (2015)

An experimental study is performed for polymer concentration field measurements during the drying of an aqueous poly(vinyl alcohol) solution inside a shallow cavity near a vertical side wall. The measurements are based on optical techniques such as 3D confocal microscopy for laser-induced fluorescence analysis. The results reveal a significant concentration heterogeneity across the film near the meniscus during the drying process. The concentration at the solution-air interface remains higher compared to the bulk, and it increases toward the pinned contact line and also over time. A skin layer starts forming as the surface concentration reaches the glass-transition concentration, after which the evaporation rate starts decreasing. Regardless of the cavity depth and the initial polymer concentration, the drying film undergoes a similar concentration evolution during the evaporation process, although minor differences can be recognized. For instance, a low local capillary number at the surface is associated with a wavy surface concentration profile while at higher capillary numbers disturbances are damped and a much more uniform concentration profile is observed.
Direct assessment of foot kinematics during human gait using a dynamic cadaver simulator and a biplane X‐ray fluoroscopy (2014)

Figure Automatic method to register bone surface models with the two fluoroscopic images recorded by a biplanar dynamic X-ray fluoroscopic system (B).
Estimated proportion of Macrosomia and NICU/SCBU admission which could potentially be avoided if all obese mothers in this population were of normal BMI. (2015)

&lt;p&gt;Estimated proportion of Macrosomia and NICU/SCBU admission which could potentially be avoided if all obese mothers in this population were of normal BMI.&lt;/p&gt;
Rab11a Mediates Vascular Endothelial-Cadherin Recycling and Controls Endothelial Barrier Function (2015)

Rab11a/Rab11 family-interacting protein 2-mediated VE-cadherin recycling is required for formation of adherens junctions and restoration of VE barrier integrity and hence a potential target for clinical intervention in inflammatory disease.
Plasmatic ADAMTS-13 metalloprotease and von Willebrand factor in children with cyanotic congenital heart disease (2013)

Changes in plasma von Willebrand factor concentration (VWF:Ag) and ADAMTS-13 activity (the metalloprotease that cleaves VWF physiologically) have been reported in several cardiovascular disorders with prognostic implications. We therefore determined the level of these proteins in the plasma of children with cyanotic congenital heart disease (CCHD) undergoing surgical treatment. Forty-eight children were enrolled (age 0.83 to 7.58 years). Measurements were performed at baseline and 48 h after surgery. ELISA, collagen-binding assays and Western blotting were used to estimate antigenic and biological activities, and proteolysis of VWF multimers. Preoperatively, VWF:Ag and ADAMTS-13 activity were decreased (65 and 71% of normal levels considered as 113 (105-129) U/dL and 91 ± 24% respectively, P < 0.003) and correlated (r = 0.39, P = 0.0064). High molecular weight VWF multimers were not related, suggesting an interaction of VWF with cell membranes, followed by proteolytic cleavage. A low preoperative ADAMTS-13 activity, a longer activated partial thromboplastin time and the need for cardiopulmonary bypass correlated with postoperative bleeding (P < 0.05). Postoperatively, ADAMTS-13 activity increased but less extensively than VWF:Ag (respectively, 2.23 and 2.83 times baseline, P < 0.0001), resulting in an increased VWF:Ag/ADAMTS-13 activity ratio (1.20 to 1.54, respectively, pre- and postoperative median values, P = 0.0029). ADAMTS-13 consumption was further confirmed by decreased ADAMTS-13 antigenic concentration (0.91 ± 0.30 to 0.70 ± 0.25 µg/mL, P < 0.0001) and persistent proteolysis of VWF multimers. We conclude that, in pediatric CCHD, changes in circulating ADAMTS-13 suggest enzyme consumption, associated with abnormal structure and function of VWF.
Hyperglycemia Independently Increases the Risk of Perioperative Stroke, Myocardial Infarction, and Death after Carotid Endarterectomy (2006)

Neurosurgery is truly an international discipline. Indeed, participation by members of the neurosurgery community from every corner of the globe is evident in most major scientific meetings. At many academic institutions in the United States and abroad, many foreign scientists can be found both established and in training. This would of course include U.S. nationals in foreign countries as well as foreign nationals in the United States. In addition, while the disorders relevant to neurosurgery have some distinct geographical and local characteristics due to genetic and environmental factors, the general issues are usually universal. While support for neurosurgical research is myriad, the NINDS and the NIH continue to be a major source of research funding in both scope and amount. These resources are not limited to U.S. scientists. In general, foreign institutions and inter-national organizations, including public or private non-profit or for-profit organizations, are eligible to receive research project grants from NINDS. There are limitations, however. For example, foreign institutions and international organizations are not eligible to receive Institutional National Research Service Awards, Career Development Awards, program project grants, center grants, resource grants, SBIR/STTR grants, or construction grants. Foreign applications for NINDS grants are reviewed according to the usual criteria. In addition, the review process also considers whether or not special talents are circumstances at foreign locales are particularly important to the proposed research, as well as whether the research has a particularly important impact to U.S. healthcare. More information about NINDS grants for non- U.S. scientists and U.S. scientists at foreign institutions can be found at: http://www.ninds.nih.gov/funding/grants_eligibility.htm. CHARLES Y. LIU, M.D., PH.D. Grants AND RESEARCH FUNDING
Plasmodium inui Infection Reduces the Efficacy of a Simian Immunodeficiency Virus DNA Vaccine in a Rhesus Macaque Model Through Alteration of the Vaccine-Induced Immune Response (2012)

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 and malaria are co-endemic in many areas. We evaluated the effects of Plasmodium inui infection on the performance of a simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) DNA vaccine. Rhesus macaques were infected with P. inui by transfusion of whole blood from a persistently infected animal. Animals with and animals without P. inui infection were then vaccinated 4 times with an SIV DNA vaccine encoding SIVgag, SIVpol, and SIVenv. Animals were subsequently challenged with thirty 50% rhesus monkey infectious doses of SIVmac251 6 weeks after the last vaccination. P. inui-infected immunized animals showed a significantly higher viral load than animals without P. inui infection (P = .010, by the Wilcoxon rank sum test). The higher viral loads in the P. inui-infected animals were durable and were observed at all sampling time points across the study (P = .00245, by the Wilcoxon rank test). The P. inui-infected animals also had correspondingly lower CD4(+) cell counts. There were fewer vaccine-specific CD4(+) and CD8(+) cells in the P. inui-infected animals, compared with uninfected animals. Of importance, P. inui infection seemed to decrease the number of CD8(+) cells that could proliferate or secrete interferon γ, although the number of CD8(+) cells capable of secreting tumor necrosis factor α following in vitro stimulation was increased. This study demonstrated that P. inui infection had an influence on the immune response to an SIV DNA vaccine and decreased the vaccine's efficacy.
Realizing Stable p-Type Transporting in Two-Dimensional WS2 Films (2017)

Two-dimensional (2D) semiconductors have become promising candidates for nanoelectronics applications due to their unique layered structure and rich physical properties. However, the significant lack of reproducible p-type doping methods that can avoid the instability induced by the widely used charge transfer doping method greatly limits the applications of these semiconductors in complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) integrated digital circuits. This work presents a new scheme to realize stable p-type doping for WS<sub>2</sub> with excellent layer controllability, wafer-level uniformity, and high reproducibility at the same time. The p-type WS<sub>2</sub> was produced by introducing substitutional doping of sulfur with nitrogen atoms during the sulfurization of WO<sub>x</sub>N<sub>y</sub> film. Nitrogen atoms acted as acceptors moving the Fermi level of WS<sub>2</sub> toward the valance band. Both experimental and theoretical investigations were designed to study the physical properties of the films fabricated. The WS<sub>2</sub> based field-effect transistors exhibited a well-defined p-type behavior with a large on/off current ratio of ∼10<sup>5</sup> and a high hole mobility of ∼18.8 cm<sup>2</sup> V<sup>-1</sup> s<sup>-1</sup>. This opens up a promising method to realize stable p-type doping of 2D materials, which is very attractive for future large-scale 2D CMOS device applications.
Pine Rosin as a Toxic Cannabis Extract Adulterant (2020)

Pine rosin (colophony) has been identified as a new adulterant in cannabis oil for vaping. Its inhalation toxicity is a significant health concern. For example, pine rosin fumes are released during soldering, and have been cited as a causative agent of occupational asthma. Symptoms also include desquamation of bronchial epithelium, which has been observed in EVALI patients. The sample analyzed herein also contains medium chain triglycerides and oleamide, the latter of which is found in the synthetic marijuana product Spice, or K2. A combination of NMR and HPLC-ESIMS was used to unambiguously identify major pine rosin ingredients such as abietic and other resin acids. Comparison to commercial samples of pure pine rosin confirmed the assignment.
The behavior of sonicated albumin microbubbles within the microcirculation: a basis for their use during myocardial contrast echocardiography. (1989)

The purpose of this study was to determine whether the behavior of sonicated albumin microbubbles accurately mimics red blood cell flow in the microcirculation and is thus consistent with their use as in vivo tracers of red blood cell flow during myocardial contrast echocardiography. Accordingly, microbubbles prepared from fluorescein-conjugated albumin and fluorescently labeled red blood cells were injected intravascularly in eight golden hamsters. Their intravascular distribution, velocities, arteriolar-to-venular transit and flux ratios at branch points were determined in the microcirculation of the cheek pouch. Albumin microbubbles (mean diameter, 4.9 +/- 3.6 microns) and red blood cells displayed a similar frequency of distribution across the arteriolar lumen (33% in the central 20% of the arterioles), and their arteriolar velocities were also similar (2.5 +/- 0.7 mm/sec and 2.3 +/- 0.7 mm/sec,p = NS). The mean velocities of microbubbles correlated well with those of red blood cells at baseline and after adenosine application (r = 0.97 and r = 0.89, respectively), as did the calculated maximum velocity (r = 0.98 and r = 0.80, baseline and adenosine, respectively). The velocity profiles across the lumen of the vessels for albumin microbubbles and red blood cells were similar at baseline and after adenosine-induced velocity changes. The flux ratios at branch points also correlated well (r = 0.92, p less than 0.001). Arteriolar-to-venular transit times of albumin microbubbles were similar to those of red blood cells in vessels ranging in size from 22 microns to 45 microns. We conclude that the behavior of albumin microbubbles in the microcirculation mimics that of red blood cells and supports their use as intravascular tracers of red blood cell flow during myocardial contrast echocardiography.
Choosing replica placement heuristics for wide-area systems (2004)

Data replication is used extensively in wide-area distributed systems to achieve low data-access latency. A large number of heuristics have been proposed to perform replica placement. Practical experience indicates that the choice of heuristic makes a big difference in terms of the cost of required infrastructure (e.g., storage capacity and network bandwidth), depending on system topology, workload and performance goals. We describe a method to assist system designers choose placement heuristics that meet their performance goals for the lowest possible infrastructure cost. Existing heuristics are classified according to a number of properties. The inherent cost (lower bound) for each class of heuristics is obtained for given system, workload and performance goals. The system designer compares different classes of heuristics on the basis of these lower bounds. Experimental results show that choosing a heuristic with the proposed methodology results in up to 7 times lower cost compared to using an "obvious " heuristic, such as caching.
Regulation of Expression of Stromal-Derived Factor-1 Receptors: CXCR4 and CXCR7 in Human Rhabdomyosarcomas (2010)

Rhabdomyosarcomas (RMS) express CXCR4 and CXCR7 receptors that bind prometastatic alpha-chemokine stromal-derived factor-1 (SDF-1). In this report, we analyzed the activity of both promoters in a model of less metastatic human embryonal-RMS cell line (RD) and more metastatic alveolar-like RMS (RD cells transduced with paired box gene 3/forkhead homologue; PAX3-FKHR fusion gene). First, CXCR4 is barely detectable in RD and becomes upregulated in RD/PAX3-FKHR cells. In contrast, CXCR7 highly expressed in RD becomes downregulated in RD/PAX3-FKHR cells. Next, promoter deletion and mutation studies revealed that whereas (a) expression of CXCR4 in RD and RD/PAX3-FKHR cells required nuclear respiratory factor-1 (NRF-1) binding site and (b) was additionally upregulated by direct interaction of NRF-1 with PAX3-FKHR, CXCR7 promoter activity required a proximal nuclear factor-kappaB-binding motif. The requirement of these factors for CXCR4 and CXCR7 promoter activities was additionally supported after blocking NRF-1 and nuclear factor-kappaB. Furthermore, CXCR4 expression in PAX3-FKHR(+) RMS cells seems to be enhanced because of the interaction of PAX3-FKHR and NRF-1 proteins in the proximal part of the promoter that prevents access of the negative regulator of transcription YY1 to its binding site. Finally, although hypoxia enhances CXCR4 and CXCR7 promoter activity and receptor expression in RD cells, it inhibits CXCR7 expression in RD/PAX3-FKHR cells. In conclusion, SDF-1 binding receptors CXCR4 and CXCR7 are differently regulated in RMS cells. The upregulation of CXCR4 and downregulation of CXCR7 expression by PAX3-FKHR or hypoxia may give SDF-1 an advantage to better engage the CXCR4 receptor, thus increasing RMS motility.
Service Mobility with SIP, SDP and MPEG-21 (2007)

The ubiquitous access to multimedia services anywhere and at any time requires flexible service accommodation to user requirements and to device capabilities. At mobility of persons and devices, it is possible to enforce not only terminal-based adaptations, but also the media sessions can migrate from device to device to optimize the user experience. As the capabilities of mobile hand-held devices are limited, migrating sessions to close-by high-performance terminals like wall displays or in-home entertainment systems will indeed contribute to optimized device application and to more satisfactory media consumption. The current SIP/SDP framework can partially enable a session-migration process. However, SIP/SDP lacks advanced client-search and description capabilities. On the other hand, MPEG-21 DI can support sophisticated service descriptions but it misses a control-data exchange approach. Therefore, this paper proposes to merge concepts from IMS using SIP/SDP(ng) with MPEG-21 DI to implement a novel session migration concept based on standardized mechanisms.