gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
HREM Study of Stress-Induced Transformation Structures in an Fe&ndash;Mn&ndash;Si&ndash;Cr&ndash;Ni Shape Memory Alloy (1993)

Transformation structures produced by extension of an Fe–14Mn–6Si–9Cr–5Ni (mass%) shape memory alloy have been studied by high resolution electron microscope, in order to know the origin of the improved shape recovery of a thermomechanically treated specimen. Nanometric substructures in the “deformation band” which is produced by stress-induced transformation are clarified by taking (00.1) and {10.0} lattice images of the h.c.p. structure of martensite and {111} lattice images of the f.c.c. structure of parent phase. It is found that a distinct difference exists between the deformation bands of the thermomechanically treated specimen and the non-thermomechanically treated specimen, namely, the minimum unit of deformation band with about 0.2μm thickness consists of lamella structures having a mixture of f.c.c. phase and h.c.p. phase with 1–10 nm widths for the former case, but, for the latter case, it mostly consists of h.c.p. phase only. This difference is discussed in relation to the difference in shape memory effect. Stacking faults in martensite are also studied by electron diffraction.
Lipoxin generation by permeabilized human platelets (1992)

Human platelets convert leukocyte-derived leukotriene (LT) A4 to lipoxins during transcellular lipoxin biosynthesis. Here, we examined lipoxin generation in intact human platelets and compared it with that elicited from permeabilized platelets. Conversion of LTA4 to lipoxins by permeabilized cells exceeded (10-15 times) that to peptidoleukotrienes, while intact cells exposed to thrombin generated similar amounts of these two series (LT/LX). Permeabilized platelets also generated 3-5 times more lipoxins than intact cells. Lipoxin A4 (LXA4), lipoxin B4 (LXB4), and their respective all-trans isomers were identified by physical methods including HPLC and GC-MS. Chiral analysis of platelet-derived all-trans-containing LXs revealed that greater than 69.5 +/- 0.5% carried alcohol groups in the R configuration at carbons 6 and 14 (e.g., 11-trans-LXA4 and 8-trans-LXB4), respectively. More than 50% of these all-trans LX were formed by isomerization of native LXA4 and LXB4 during isolation. Lipoxin formation with permeabilized platelets gave an apparent Km of 8.9 microM and Vmax of 83.3 ng/(min-10(9) platelets) with maximal conversion in pH range 7-9. In addition, permeabilized platelets converted 14,15-LTA4 and LTA5, but not LTA3, to lipoxins. Consecutive exposure to LTA4 did not alter LXA4 generation but inhibited LXB4 by 40-50%, suggesting that LXB4 formation can be regulated by suicide inactivation. Unlike platelets, human endothelial cells did not convert LTA4 to lipoxins. These results indicate that lipoxin formation is a major route of LTA4 metabolism in thrombin-activated platelets and those that have undergone a loss of membrane barriers.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Trichoderma harzianum Root Colonization in Arabidopsis (2015)

Trichoderma is a soil-borne fungal genus that includes species with a significant impact on agriculture and industrial processes. In this article we show a detailed protocol of Trichoderma harzianum (T. harzianum) root invasion procedure described by Alonso-Ramírez et al. (2014). Some Trichoderma strains exert beneficial effects in plants through root colonization. They promote growth and development, modify root architecture, facilitate efficient nutrient use, or stimulate defenses against pathogens, although little is known about how this interaction takes place. For this purpose, Trichoderma-Arabidopsis hydroponic cultures were grown inside Phytatray II boxes, using mycelia obtained from spores of T. harzianum and Arabidopsis thaliana (A. thaliana) seedlings. In this way changes in root architecture, such as callose deposition, promoted by the fungus can be analyzed.
Hybrid hierarchical clustering with applications to microarray data (2005)

In this paper, we propose a hybrid clustering method that combines the strengths of bottom-up hierarchical clustering with that of top-down clustering. The first method is good at identifying small clusters but not large ones; the strengths are reversed for the second method. The hybrid method is built on the new idea of a mutual cluster: a group of points closer to each other than to any other points. Theoretical connections between mutual clusters and bottom-up clustering methods are established, aiding in their interpretation and providing an algorithm for identification of mutual clusters. We illustrate the technique on simulated and real microarray datasets.
Critical Ligand and Salt Effects in Organomagnesiate‐Promoted 3,3‐Disubstituted Phthalides Synthesis from 2‐Iodobenzoate Derivatives (2021)

Abstract Phthalides, also called isobenzofuranones, are widespread in many biologically active compounds and natural products. To date, most of their synthetic routes are non‐convergent. Herein we report a convergent route using a metal halogen exchange (MHE) strategy. Indeed MHE of easily available 2‐iodobenzoate derivatives, using the bimetallic organomagnesiate complex ( rac )‐(BIPHEN)BuMgLi, where ( rac )‐BIPHEN is ( rac )‐5,5′,6,6′‐tetramethyl‐3,3′‐di‐ t ‐butyl‐1,1′‐biphenyl‐2,2′‐diol, followed by addition of a ketone which lead to an intramolecular cyclisation, and the formation of a series of diverse 3,3‐disubstituted isobenzofuranones in good yield. Among the several MHE agents investigated, ( rac )‐(BIPHEN)BuMgLi was the only one to make such a process possible with full tolerance of various reactive functional substituents useful for subsequent transformations. The synthetic pathway to access the magnesiate has been found to play a prominent role in its reactivity. Therefore, the bimetallic magnesiate complex has been characterized by solution‐state 1 H, 7 Li and 1 H DOSY NMR experiments.
Polymer-Grafted, Nonfouling, Magnetic Nanoparticles Designed to Selectively Store and Release Molecules via Ionic Interactions (2013)

Surface functionalization of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) was achieved by exploiting a grafting “onto” approach simultaneously with an in situ modification of the graft block copolymer. Terminal phosphonic-acid-bearing block copolymers composed of pendant-activated ester moieties, that is, poly(pentafluorophenyl acrylate) (P(PFPA)) and poly(oligoethylene glycol acrylate) (P(OEGA)), were synthesized and assembled on IONP surfaces. The assembly was performed in the presence of different primary amines to introduce different functionality to the grafted chains, followed by subsequent thiol–ene Michael additions with acrylates or maleimides to decorate the IONP surface. The aim of this “double”-click chemistry on the polymer-coated nanoparticles was to generate a library of IONPs consisting of an internal layer of functionalized polyacrylamides and an outer shell of antifouling P(OEGA) decorated with fluorescent ligands. The resultant multifunctionalized IONPs were characterized using ATR-FTIR, XPS and TGA, proving the presence of modified polymers on the IONP surfaces. The functionalized nanoparticles proved to be stable in both water and phosphate buffer containing bovine serum albumin. Zeta potentials of the functionalized nanoparticles could be tuned by the judicious choice of functional groups introduced by the primary amines, for example, spermine, 3-(dimethylamino)-1-propylamine, l-lysine, l-histidine, l-arginine, β-alanine, and taurine. Depending on the pH of IONP dispersions, the charge induced by functional groups within the polymer shell was used to encapsulate ionic dyes (methyl blue and rhodamine 6G in cationic and anionic layers, respectively), serving as models for drug loading via ionic complexation. The attachment of fluorophore through thiol–ene Michael addition was demonstrated by conjugating fluorescein-O-acrylate, as monitored by fluorescence spectroscopy. Cytotoxicity studies revealed that multifunctionalized IONPs were nontoxic to normal human lung fibroblast cell lines. Fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy was employed to demonstrate the complexation and release of rhodamine 6G dye from l-lysine-functionalized IONPs.
An overview of the synthetic strategies ofC3-symmetric polymeric materials containing benzene and triazine cores and their biomedical applications (2023)

C 3-symmetric star-shaped materials are an emerging category of porous organic polymers with distinctive appropriate functionalization properties that promote outstanding potential in various applications.
BitCube: a three-dimensional bitmap indexing for XML documents (2002)

We describe a new bitmap indexing based technique to cluster XML documents. XML is a new standard for exchanging and representing information on the Internet. Documents can be hierarchically represented by XML-elements. XML documents are represented and indexed using a bitmap indexing technique. We define the similarity and popularity operations available in bitmap indexes and propose a method for partitioning a XML document set. Furthermore, a 2-dimensional bitmap index is extended to a 3-dimensional bitmap index, called BitCube. We define statistical measurements in the BitCube: mean, mode, standard derivation, and correlation coefficient. Based on these measurements, we also define the slice, project, and dice operations on a BitCube. BitCube can be manipulated efficiently and improves the performance of document retrieval.
Abstract A290: Kinase activity in vemurafenib-sensitive and resistant BRAF-mutant melanoma cells. (2013)

Abstract In advanced melanoma, therapeutic targeting of the MAPK signaling pathway with vemurafenib, a potent inhibitor of the BRAFV600E-encoded signaling molecule, commonly results in rapid and substantial tumor responses, but limited durability of the clinical benefit. Therapy resistance inevitably develops either via reactivation of the MAPK (RAF/MEK/ERK) pathway or via bypass mechanisms, such as PI3K/AKT/mTOR-mediated signaling; however, no one mechanism of resistance has been consistently observed on disease progression. In preclinical models, dual inhibition of the MAPK pathway (by MEK inhibitors) and PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling has shown to be an effective strategy at overcoming this type of resistance, and clinical studies are ongoing. Hypothesizing that different patterns of composite kinase signaling activities in BRAF-mutant melanoma may reflect the response of vemurafenib and other inhibitors (e.g. MEK and AKT inhibitors), we analyzed the tyrosine kinase activity profiles generated by a vemurafenib sensitive melanoma cell line to a vemurafenib resistant melanoma cell line, both harbouring the BRAFV600E mutation. Of note, both cell lines were derived from metastatic tumor biopsies sampled from a patient with disseminated melanoma disease, participating in the BRIM-2 trial, before commencing vemurafenib treatment and at six weeks on treatment. The patient experienced partial therapy response lasting for 15 weeks before disease progression. Interestingly, overall kinase activity was lower in the vemurafenib-resistant cell line, and the phosphorylation levels of a number of array substrates representing mediators of the MAPK and PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathways were different in the cell lines sensitive and resistant to vemurafenib. Whilst treatment with vemurafenib, the MEK inhibitor U0126 and the AKT inhibitor M2266 resulted in limited effect in the vemurafenib-resistant cells, the drugs caused decreased in vitro cell viability in the vemurafenib-sensitive cell line. Citation Information: Mol Cancer Ther 2013;12(11 Suppl):A290. Citation Format: Karianne Risberg, Kathrine Røe, Anne H. Ree. Kinase activity in vemurafenib-sensitive and resistant BRAF-mutant melanoma cells. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR-NCI-EORTC International Conference: Molecular Targets and Cancer Therapeutics; 2013 Oct 19-23; Boston, MA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Mol Cancer Ther 2013;12(11 Suppl):Abstract nr A290.
Hydrothermal Synthesis and Thermoelectric Transport Properties of Impurity‐Free Antimony Telluride Hexagonal Nanoplates (2008)

Impurity-free single-crystalline antimony telluride hexagonal nanoplates (see figure) are synthesized by a facile and quick hydrothermal treatment without any organic additives or templates. The inherent crystal structure is the driving force for the growth of these Sb2Te3 hexagonal nanoplates. Films of these nanoplates shows p-type behavior, and exhibit a promisingly high Seebeck coefficient of 125 µV K−1 at room temperature.
Structural characterization of a peptoid with lysine-like side chains and biological activity using NMR and computational methods (2012)

N-substituted glycine oligomers or peptoids with charged side chains are a novel class of cell penetrating peptide mimetics and have been shown to serve as drug delivery agents. Here, we investigated by NMR spectroscopy and quantum chemical calculations whether a Rhodamine B labelled peptoid [RhoB(Spiro)-Ahx]-[But](6A)NH(2) with lysine-like side chains adopts structural motifs similar to regular peptides. Due to a low chemical shift dispersion, high resolution structure determination with conventional NMR-derived distance restraints and J-couplings was not possible. Instead, a combined assignment and structure refinement strategy using the QM/MM force field COSMOS-NMR was developed to interpret the highly ambiguous chemical shift and distance constraints and obtain a medium resolution three-dimensional structural model. This allowed us to select for the all cis-amide conformation of the peptide with a pseudo-helical arrangement of extended side chains as a faithful representative structure of [RhoB(Spiro)-Ahx]-[But](6A)NH(2). We tested the biological activity of the peptoid by live-cell imaging, which showed that the cellular uptake of the peptoid was comparable to conventional cell-penetrating peptides.
Integrated optical circuitry (1972)

The current state-of-the-art in integrated optical circuitry based on optical guided waves in thin films will be reviewed. Sources, couplers, passive elements and modulators, which are basic components for integrated optics, will be discussed.
Rapid surveillance platforms for key SARS-CoV-2 mutations in Denmark (2021)

Abstract Multiple mutations in SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (VOCs) may increase, transmission, disease severity, immune evasion and facilitate zoonotic or anthoprozoonotic infections. Four such mutations, ΔH69/V70, L452R, E484K and N501Y, occur in the SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein in combinations that allow detection of the most important VOCs. Here we present two flexible RT-qPCR platforms for small-and large-scale screening to detect these mutations, and schemes for adapting the platforms for future mutations. The large-scale RT-qPCR platform, was validated by pair-wise matching of RT-qPCR results with WGS consensus genomes, showing high specificity and sensitivity. Detection of mutations using this platform served as an important interventive measure for the Danish public health system to delay the emergence of VOCs and to gain time for vaccine administration. Both platforms are valuable tools for WGS-lean laboratories, as well for complementing WGS to support rapid control of local transmission chains worldwide.
A genetic algorithm for multicasting routing problem (2002)

A developed genetic algorithm (GA) for the multicasting routing problem is presented. The algorithm is based on bit string encoding of selected Steiner vertices and the corresponding Steiner tree is computed using a deterministic heuristic. The scheme ensures that every bit string corresponds to a valid solution and eliminates the need for penalty terms in the cost measure, thereby avoiding potential problems of assigning a suitable cost value to an invalid solution. It is possible that the initial tree may be dynamically reorganized in response to changes in the multicast group set in a way that is minimally disruptive to the multicast session.
Multi-Resonant Compensation Control for Terminal Capacitance Reduction in Resonant Switched-Capacitor Converters (2021)

In resonant switched-capacitor (ReSC) converters with the conventional two-phase control, input and output capacitors (C <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">in</inf> and C <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">out</inf> ) need to be sufficiently large to ensure ideal input and output behaviors. However, the bulky terminal capacitors dramatically increase the overall converter volume and significantly limit the potential of ReSC converters for achieving higher power density. This paper proposes a multi-resonant compensation control (MRCC) technique for ReSC converters that can adaptively compensate for the negative effects of finite terminal capacitances by ensuring multi-resonant and full zero current switching (ZCS) operation with adjusted duty ratio and switching frequency. The proposed technique is verified experimentally in a 2-to-1 ReSC converter prototype, demonstrating a more than 5 times terminal capacitance reduction without harming the overall efficiency compared to the conventional control technique.
Application of SHM using an autonomous sensor network: (2013)

Assessment of the condition of a structure in operation and subsequently its remaining maintenance free service time, is of increasing importance for various fields of engineering. The main drivers for this are cost effectiveness, increased system reliability, system safety and reduced environmental impact. The current generation of monitoring systems relies on active, power intensive excitation and wired communication. Systems based on operational vibrations of the structure and employing a network of smart, autonomously operating and wireless sensors offer new possibilities, but also pose new constraints. Damage identification methods are therefore sought that combine local low power usage and low data transmission with a high reliability. The focus of this paper is on operational vibrations and modal based Structural Health Monitoring damage identification methods, applied in large civil structures such as wind turbine towers and bridge decks and, to a lower extent, in large composite structures. Three methods are compared, both experimentally and numerically: Peak Picking (PP), Random Decrement â Frequency Domain Decomposition (RDâFDD) and Random Decrement â covariance based Stochastic Subspace Identification (RDâSSIcov). The RDâFDD method is found to be a suitable method for modal based damage identification, given the restrictions on smart wireless sensor networks
ChemInform Abstract: Unusual Directive Effects in the Hydroboration of β,β‐ Disubstituted Enamines. Conversion of α‐Substituted Aldehydes to the Corresponding Alkenes and β‐Amino Alcohols. (1992)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Missense mutations in the human glutathione synthetase gene result in severe metabolic acidosis, 5-oxoprolinuria, hemolytic anemia and neurological dysfunction (1997)

Severe glutathione synthetase (GS) deficiency is a rare genetic disorder with neonatal onset. The enzymatic block of the gamma-glutamyl cycle leads to a generalized glutathione deficiency. Clinically affected patients present with severe metabolic acidosis, 5-oxoprolinuria, increased rate of hemolysis and defective function of the central nervous system. The disorder is inherited in an autosomal recessive mode and, until recently, the molecular basis has remained unknown. We have sequenced 18 GS alleles associated with enzyme deficiency and we detected missense mutations by direct sequencing of cDNAs and genomic DNA. In total, 13 different mutations were identified. Four patients were found to be compound heterozygotes and two individuals were apparently homozygous. Reduced enzymatic activities were demonstrated in recombinant protein expressed from cDNAs in four cases with different missense mutations. The results from biochemical analysis of patient specimens, supported by the properties of the expressed mutant proteins, indicate that a residual activity is present in affected individuals. Our results suggest that complete loss of function of both GS alleles is probably lethal. It is postulated that missense mutations will account for the phenotype in the majority of patients with severe GS deficiency.
Nivel de corte de los ELISAs para cuantificación de anticuerpos inducidos por la vacuna antimeningocócica VA-MENGOC-BC (2001)

"Para medir el grado de protección inducido por vacunas antimeningocócicas se ha establecido el Ensayo Bactericida en Suero (EBS) y se perfeccionan otros ensayos inmunobiológicos, sin embargo, es necesario contar con pruebas sencillas como el ELISA, capaz de evaluar un gran número de muestras. Se estimó el nivel de corte de los ELISAs para la cuantificación de IgG humana contra los antígenos de VA-MENGOC-BC, vacuna antimeningocócica compuesta por vesículas proteicas de membrana externa de meningococo B y polisacárido capsular de meningococo C, con respecto a un panel de muestras de suero de lactantes, caracterizado por Ensayo Bactericida en Sangre Total (EBST). Los valores correspondientes a la máxima sensibilidad y especificidad fueron respectivamente; 2 &amp;#956;g/mL y 12 &amp;#956;g/mL para antipolisacárido C, y 1000 U/mL y 7000 U/mL para antiproteínas de membrana externa. La mayor coincidencia se obtuvo con 6 &amp;#956;g/mL y 2500 U/mL. Se evaluó otro panel de muestras de suero de adolescentes entre 14 y 18 años, por ELISA y EBS para Neisseria meningitidis serogrupos B y C, alcanzándose una buena concordancia. Doce años después de la inmunización con VA-MENGOC-BC persiste una importante concentración de anticuerpos contra los antígenos vacunales en los sueros estudiados."
Nanoscale Control of Morphology in Fullerene-Based Electron-Conducting Buffers via Organic Vapor Phase Deposition (2016)

Small molecular weight organic thin film mixtures of the electron-conducting C60 in a wide energy gap matrix, 3,5,3',5'-tetra(m-pyrid-3-yl)phenyl[1,1']biphenyl (BP4mPy) forms a high efficiency electron filtering buffer in organic photovoltaics (OPV). Electrons are conducted via percolating paths of C60 whereas excitons are blocked by the BP4mPy. We find that the conductivity and exciton blocking efficiency of the blends are strongly dependent on film morphology that can be precisely controlled by the conditions used in the organic vapor phase deposition (OVPD). Specifically, we find that a background carrier gas pressure of 0.28 Torr leads to extended and highly conductive crystalline C60 domains. Furthermore, the structure is strongly influenced by carrier gas pressure. Via a combination of morphological measurements and molecular dynamics simulations, we find that this dependence is due to kinetically induced structural annealing at the growth interface. The highest electron mobility of (6.1 ± 0.5) × 10(-3) (cm(2)/V·s) is obtained at 0.28 Torr, which is approximately 2 orders of magnitude higher than for amorphous C60 films. The fill factors and power conversion efficiencies of vacuum deposited tetraphenyldibenzoperiflanthene (DBP):C70 planar mixed heterojunction OPVs using an OVPD-grown buffer layer are (8.0 ± 0.2)% compared to (6.6 ± 0.2)% using amorphous buffers grown by vacuum thermal evaporation.