gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Nucleolar specific acidic phosphoprotein C23 is highly methylated. (1982)

Protein C23 (Mr = 110,000; pI, 5.5) is the major phosphoprotein in the nucleolus of Novikoff hepatoma cells and comprises 9.5% of the total nucleolar protein. In addition to being highly phosphorylated (1.2 mol % of phosphoserine), it is also highly methylated. Protein C23 contains 1.3 mol % of NG,NG-dimethylarginine and a trace of NG-monomethylarginine.
Spaser Action, Loss Compensation, and Stability in Plasmonic Systems with Gain (2011)

We demonstrate that the conditions of spaser generation and the full loss compensation in a dense resonant plasmonic-gain medium (metamaterial) are identical. Consequently, attempting the full compensation or overcompensation of losses by gain will lead to instability and a transition to a spaser state. This will limit (clamp) the inversion and lead to the limitation on the maximum loss compensation achievable. The criterion of the loss overcompensation, leading to the instability and spasing, is given in an analytical and universal (independent from system's geometry) form.
Genetics of Type 1 Diabetes (2003)

Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is an autoimmune disease arising through a complex interaction of both genetic and environmental factors. Similar to the majority of autoimmune diseases, T1DM is characterized by both humoral and cellular immunological abnormalities, which precede the clinical onset of the disease process (1,2). In T1DM, the presence of multiple antibodies to islet autoantigens can serve as a surrogate marker of disease in primary intervention strategies among first-degree relatives (3–5). As a general rule, in the bulk of chronic autoimmune disorders, antibody laboratory testing in addition to genetic typing can facilitate decision-making for disease management based on the identification of disease activity (6).
[Retracted] Predictive Model and Analysis of Psychological Depression Based on College Students’ Behavior Data Mining (2022)

Contemporary college students face all kinds of pressure and are easy to cause psychological problems. In order to make students and schools do a good job in preventing psychological depression, this paper proposes a student depression prediction model based on college students’ behavior data mining. Due to the shortcomings of large error and low reliability of prediction results in the traditional psychological depression prediction model, it is impossible to carry out large‐scale psychological depression data analysis. In order to solve the defects of traditional psychological depression prediction model and improve the reliability of psychological depression prediction results, a psychological depression prediction model based on data mining technology is proposed. Firstly, the sensor is used to collect the signals related to psychological depression, and the signals are denoised to obtain high‐quality psychological depression signals; then, the features are extracted from the psychological depression signals, and the support vector machine in data mining technology is used to train and learn the relationship between the features and the types of psychological depression, so as to construct the prediction model of psychological depression; finally, the simulation experiment of psychological depression prediction is carried out on MATLAB platform. The results show that the prediction accuracy of psychological depression of the traditional model is less than 85%, the prediction accuracy of psychological depression of the proposed model is more than 90%, and the time of psychological depression prediction modelling is reduced, which can meet the development trend of modern psychological depression prediction and analysis.
Methionine Biosynthesis in Enterobacteriaceae: Biochemical, Regulatory, and Evolutionary Aspect (1988)

The genes coding for the enzymes involved in methionine biosynthesis and regulation are scattered on the Escherichia coli chromosome. All of them have been cloned and most have been sequenced. From the information gathered, one can establish the existence (upstream of the structural genes coding for the biosynthetic genes and the regulatory gene) of "methionine boxes" consisting of two or more repeats of an octanucleotide sequence pattern. The comparison of these sequences allows the extraction of a consensus operator sequence. Mutations in these sequences lead to the constitutivity of the vicinal structural gene. The operator sequence is the target of a DNA-binding protein--the methionine aporepressor--which has been obtained in the pure state, for which S-adenosylmethionine acts as the corepressor. Mutations in the corresponding gene lead to the constitutive expression of all the methionine structural genes. The physicochemical properties of the methionine aporepressor are being investigated.
Theoretical basis of polarization mode dispersion equalization up to the second order (2000)

We introduce a theoretical basis of polarization mode dispersion (PMD) equalizers based on the operator representation of PMD using Taylor's expansion. The two types of configuration of PMD equalizers are derived as the inverse of diagonalization operators and delay time difference compensation. One is a type using physical rotation of quarter wave phase plates. The other is a type using variable phase shifters suitable for PLC integration. Waveform comparison algorithm was simulated to show the existence of multiple equivalent optimum points due to the symmetry and periodicity of optical circuits. The second order PMD equalization is discussed briefly on the case of cascading the first and the second PMD equalizing circuits with two different polarization state converters.
Chronopharmaceuticals: Hype or Future of Pharmaceutics (2011)

Drugs for several diseases are still given without regard to the time of the day. Variation in dosing time is generally related with the effectiveness and toxicity of many drugs. On the other hand, several drugs affect the circadian clock. The knowledge of interactions between the circadian clock and drugs is valuable in clinical practice. The pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of the medication influence the chronopharmacological phenomena and recent advances in it have made the traditional goal of pharmaceutics rather outdated. Enhanced progress in chronopharmacotherapy can be achieved if an identification of a rhythmic marker for selecting dosing time is done. However, technology involved in development of drug delivery systems (DDS) that match the circadian rhythm, and the unraveling of the relationship between circardian clock and pathology may be the hindrance in its prosperity for now. The Chronopharmaceutical Drug Delivery System (CDDS) has emerged during the last decade as a possible drug delivery system against several diseases, which may lead to the creation of a sub-disciple of pharmaceutics to be explored called 'chronopharmaceutics'. The review addresses the approaches to this sub-discipline, call attention to potential disease-targets, identifies existing technologies, hurdles and future of chropharmaceuticals. Chronopharmaceuticals coupled with nanotechnology could be the future of DDS, and lead to safer and more efficient disease therapy in the future.
Pointes liquides (2007)

Nous décrivons ici ce qui se passe lorsqu’un liquide visqueux est amené à se rencontrer lui-même, comme quand on verse de l’huile dans un verre qui en contient déjà, ou quand on bat des œufs en neige. Si l’impact n’est pas trop violent, on fabrique à l’endroit de la rencontre des liquides une zone remarquable, parfaitement pointue à l’œil nu. Si le choc est plus fort, ces pointes montrent leur fragilité en cédant : de l’air est entraîné avec le liquide en mouvement, conduisant à la formation d’une mousse.
Состояние энергетического обмена у новорожденных в норме и при развитии нарушений адаптации в раннем постнатальном периоде (2013)

The article deals with the prospective complex approach to laboratory analysis of energetic metabolism under states of newborns. The approach provides simultaneous detection of content of main energy substrates, activity of adenosinetriphosphatases and succinate dehydrogenases in umbilical blood, characterized by high sensitivity to hypoxia.
Vinyl azides in heterocyclic synthesis. Part 7. Synthetic studies on the cytotoxic marine alkaloid amphimedine (1987)

In an approach to the synthesis of the pentacyclic alkaloid amphimedine (1), a key tetracyclic structure (6) is readily constructed from 2-methoxyacridine-9-carbaldehyde in three steps. Condensation of the aldehyde (2) with methyl azidoacetate gives the vinyl azide (3) which on thermolysis in xylene gives the pyridoacridines (4) and (5) in high yield (78% and 19% respectively); this represents the first cyclisation of a vinyl nitrene to a peri-position. Oxidation of the major pyridoacridine (4), or of the mixed pyridoacridines (4) and (5), with manganese dioxide gives the pyridoacridone (6), but neither (6) nor the analogous isopropyl ester (9) undergoes Diels–Alder reaction with the azadiene (7).
Specificity of isozymes of murine hepatic glutathione S-transferase for the conjugation of glutathione with L-phenylalanine mustard. (1991)

Glutathione S-transferase (GST) isozymes play a central role in the protection of cells from cytotoxic chemicals and have a putative role in the intrinsic and acquired resistance of tumors to cytotoxic drugs. We have isolated and purified GST isozymes from mouse liver (M. Warholm et al., Biochemistry, 25: 4119-4125, 1986) and analyzed the metabolic products of the reaction of L-phenylalanine mustard (L-PAM) with glutathione in the presence of GST isozymes, using reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography. At pH 6.5, the spontaneous conjugation of L-PAM and glutathione is suppressed and the major product at 60 min is the monochloro, monohydroxyl derivative of L-PAM. Addition of neither class mu nor class pi isozymes to the reaction has any effect on the metabolism of L-PAM. Only isozymes of the alpha GST class catalyze the conjugation of L-PAM with glutathione. In this case, the major metabolite at 1 h is the monochloro, monoglutathionyl conjugate. Increasing the amount of mu or pi isozyme in the reaction mixture has no effect on the metabolism of L-PAM, whereas increasing the amount of alpha isozyme completely supplants hydrolysis with conjugation. Thus, increased levels of class alpha GST isozyme may represent a specific mechanism whereby cells can acquire resistance to nitrogen mustards.
Tankyrase 1 and Tankyrase 2 Are Essential but Redundant for Mouse Embryonic Development (2008)

Tankyrases are proteins with poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase activity. Human tankyrases post-translationally modify multiple proteins involved in processes including maintenance of telomere length, sister telomere association, and trafficking of glut4-containing vesicles. To date, however, little is known about in vivo functions for tankyrases. We recently reported that body size was significantly reduced in mice deficient for tankyrase 2, but that these mice otherwise appeared developmentally normal. In the present study, we report generation of tankyrase 1-deficient and tankyrase 1 and 2 double-deficient mice, and use of these mutant strains to systematically assess candidate functions of tankyrase 1 and tankyrase 2 in vivo. No defects were observed in development, telomere length maintenance, or cell cycle regulation in tankyrase 1 or tankyrase 2 knockout mice. In contrast to viability and normal development of mice singly deficient in either tankyrase, deficiency in both tankyrase 1 and tankyrase 2 results in embryonic lethality by day 10, indicating that there is substantial redundancy between tankyrase 1 and tankyrase 2, but that tankyrase function is essential for embryonic development.
Development and Testing of Two Novel and Vitrification Compatible Classes of Ion Specific Media for Application on the Hanford Waste Treatment Plant Supplemental Pretreatment and Secondary Waste Streams - 11001 (2011)

Having developed a two phase technology platform consisting of Ion Specific Media (ISM), and an Advanced Stabilization Technology (AST) featuring the Modular Vitrification System (MVS ® ) to enhance and promote safe, clean and secure nuclear power, the ISMs have been further tested for the primary isotopes at Hanford that require Supplemental Treatment prior to vitrification. It is further planned that, in addition to surrogate testing and spiked surrogate testing, that actual waste testing will be carried out in hot-cells (e.g., at the 222S Labs at Hanford). While the primary focus of this paper is on the development of two novel classes of Ion Specific Media, it is important to note that these exclusively inorganic media were selectively designed to be compatible with advanced stabilization technologies (e.g., solidification and vitrification) and act as the final, stabilized waste forms required for storage or disposal on site. The purpose of developing such a class of high capacity and high specificity ISMs is to remove the recalcitrant isotopes (e.g., Cs-137, Sr-90,Tc-99 and I-129) during supplemental treatment (including Pretreatment, Off-Spec Tanks and Secondary Waste Treatment) and place them into very small packages for on-site storage or HLW vitrification. These ISMs must also be a very stable form themselves for such potentially long-term, in-tank or dry storage (i.e., inorganic in nature, leach resistant, nonhydrogen generating, sluiceable and amenable to future stabilization by thermal, or other, means). This driving to higher waste classification and smaller waste volumes allows the Waste Treatment Plant (WTP) the flexibility to minimize the in-tank HLW (for subsequent HLW vitrification) and maximize the lower level supernatant feed to further supplemental treatment and vitrification of the Low Active Waste, LAW. Having done a full spectrum of ISMs with these qualifications and ones that will selectively handle the prominent class drivers and recalcitrant isotopes in Commercial Nuclear Power Plants (NPPs), a down select was done at our licensed facility, Materials and Chemistry Laboratories (MCL), in Oak Ridge, Tennessee for DOE specific isotope removal. This down select has been carried out on batch reactors and columns at an analytical- and bench-scale on 1) near neutral pH surrogates and actual feeds, 2) WTP secondary waste stream surrogates, pH ~8-9, 3) strontium (Sr 90) removal from chelated tanks (e.g., AN 102 and AN 107), pH 12-13, and 4) high alkali WTP Cs pretreatment, pH ~14. To further the efficacy testing here, prior to on-site hot-cell studies, testing was also successfully carried out on actual Commercial Nuclear Power Plant, NPP, waste streams, in both our Oak Ridge Lab as well as independently on site at the Seabrook Nuclear Power Station by the Electric Power Research Institute, EPRI, (including fuel pool and Boron Waste Storage Tank, BWST) waste waters.
Hair growth stimulated by conditioned medium of adipose-derived stem cells is enhanced by hypoxia: evidence of increased growth factor secretion (2010)

Adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) and their secretomes mediate diverse skin-regeneration effects, such as wound-healing and antioxidant protection, that are enhanced by hypoxia. We investigated the hair-growth-promoting effect of conditioned medium (CM) of ADSCs to determine if ADSCs and their secretomes regenerate hair and if hypoxia enhances hair regeneration. If so, we wanted to identify the factors responsible for hypoxia-enhanced hair-regeneration. We found that ADSC-CM administrated subcutaneously induced the anagen phase and increased hair regeneration in C(3)H/NeH mice. In addition, ADSC-CM increased the proliferation of human follicle dermal papilla cells (HFDPCs) and human epithelial keratinocytes (HEKs), which are derived from two major cell types present in hair follicles. We investigated the effect of hypoxia on ADSC function using the same animal model in which hypoxia increased hair regrowth. Forty-one growth factors in ADSC-CM from cells cultured under hypoxic or normoxic conditions were analyzed. The secretion of insulin-like growth factor binding protein (IGFBP)-1, IGFBP-2, macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF), M-CSF receptor, platelet-derived growth factor receptor-beta, and vascular endothelial growth factor was significantly increased by hypoxia, while the secretion of epithelial growth factor production was decreased. It is reasonable to conclude that ADSCs promote hair growth via a paracrine mechanism that is enhanced by hypoxia.
Anisotropy of critical current density inc-axis-orientedMgB2thin films (2002)

The critical current density ${(J}_{c})$ has been measured in c-axis oriented ${\mathrm{MgB}}_{2}$ thin films as a function of applied magnetic field (H) and angle $(\ensuremath{\theta})$ between H and the $\mathrm{ab}$ plane. The measurements have been carried out at various temperatures between 32 and 38 K. The field and angular dependence of ${J}_{c}$ indicates pinning by point pinning centers and is in a good agreement with the predictions of anisotropic Ginzburg-Landau model. Anisotropy parameter $(\ensuremath{\gamma})$ of 2.55 was determined from scaling behavior of ${J}_{c}.$
Direct Catalytic Asymmetric Aldol Reactions of Aldehydes with Unmodified Ketones (1997)

Up to 94% ee can be achieved in the title reaction [Eq. (a)], which was previously only possible with enzymes. In this reaction LaLi3 tris(binaphthoxide) (LLB) imitates the function of enzymes by displaying both Lewis acidity and Brønsted basicity.
Characterization of Wood Chars Produced at Different Temperatures Using Advanced Solid-State 13C NMR Spectroscopic Techniques (2012)

Temperature is one of the controlling factors determining the chemical structure of char. We employed advanced solid-state 13C NMR techniques to characterize maple wood and its chars produced under N2 at temperatures from 300 to 700 °C. Our results indicated that 300 °C char was primarily composed of residues of biopolymers such as lignin and cellulose. Carbohydrates are completely lost for char prepared at 350 °C. At 400 °C, the char lost most of the ligno-cellulosic features and consisted predominantly of aromatic structures. By 500 °C, sp3-hybridized carbon had all but disappeared. Protonated aromatic carbons increased up to 400 °C chars but then decreased. Aromatic C–O groups decreased, whereas nonprotonated aromatic carbons, especially bridgehead carbons, increased as temperature increased. The minimum aromatic cluster sizes estimated from spectral analysis increased from 8 carbons in 300 °C char, to 20, 18, 40, 64, and 76 carbons, respectively, in 350 °C, 400 °C, 500 °C, 600 °C, and 700 °C chars. 1H–13C long-range dipolar dephasing displayed the same increasing trend of aromatic cluster sizes of wood chars with increasing temperature. We show for the first time quantitative changes of different aromatic C forms and aromatic cluster size as a function of heat treatment temperature.
Accelerometer-based system for the detection of lameness in horses. (2002)

Video-based kinematic analysis of gait in horses is accurate for quantification of lameness and reliable for identification of the affected limb. Algorithms for the measurement of the vertical head and pelvic displacement and phase correlation with vertical displacement of one forelimb and hindlimb foot have been developed for this purpose. However, because of camera field-of-view limitations, video-based analysis of gait can only be reliably accomplished with the horse constrained to move on a treadmill. This paper describes the use of 2 single-axis accelerometers and 2 gyroscopic transducers as a measurement system for the identification and quantification of forelimb and hindlimb lameness in horses. Vertical head and pelvic acceleration are converted to displacement, lameness is quantified from previously developed algorithms, and affected limb is determined by correlation of head and pelvic signals with gyroscopic signals from the right forelimb and hindlimb feet. Signals from the 4 transducers are telemeterized at 200 Hz and collected to a receiver connected to a lap top computer, freeing the horse from the constraints of a treadmill laboratory setting. In this paper we describe the reliability of this new accelerometer-based system in horses with induced lameness while trotting on a treadmill and freely outside overground.
Necroptosis in health and diseases (2014)

Necroptosis is a form of regulated necrosis that can be activated by ligands of death receptors and stimuli that induce the expression of death receptor ligands under apoptotic deficient conditions. Activation of necroptosis by ligands of death receptors requires the kinase activity of RIP1, which mediates the activation of RIP3 and MLKL, two critical downstream mediators of necroptosis. Blocking the kinase activity of RIP1, a key druggable target in the necroptosis pathway, by necrostatins inhibits the activation of necroptosis and allows cell survival and proliferation in the presence of death receptor ligands. The activation of necroptosis is modulated by different forms of ubiquitination, including K63, linear and K48 ubiquitination, as well as phosphorylation of RIP1, RIP3 and MLKL. Necroptosis is suppressed by caspase-8/FADD-mediated apoptosis. Deficiency in caspase-8 and FADD leads to embryonic lethality, tissue degeneration and inflammation which can be suppressed by inhibition of RIP1 kinase and RIP3. On the other hand, the lack of RIP3 kinase activity leads to early embryonic lethality which can be suppressed by the loss of caspase-8, suggesting that although the kinase activity of RIP3 is involved in mediating necroptosis, the basal activity of RIP3 kinase may be required for suppressing caspase-8 mediated apoptosis. Necroptosis as well as RIP1- and RIP3-mediated inflammatory response have been implicated in mediating multiple human diseases including TNF-mediated hypothermia and systemic inflammation, ischemic reperfusion injury, neurodegeneration, Gaucher's disease, progressive atherosclerotic lesions, etc. Targeting RIP1 kinase may provide therapeutic benefits for the treatment of human diseases characterized by necrosis and inflammation.
A non-enzymatic electrochemical approach for l-lactic acid sensor development based on CuO·MWCNT nanocomposites modified with a Nafion matrix (2020)

Copper oxide decorated multi-walled carbon nanotube nanocomposites (CuO·MWCNT NCs) were prepared using a simple wet-chemical technique in basic medium.
Epoxidation of α,β-Unsaturated Ketones Using Hydrogen Peroxide in the Presence of Basic Hydrotalcite Catalysts (2000)

The basic layered hydrotalcites have been used as catalysts for the epoxidation of alpha,beta-unsaturated ketones in heterogeneous reaction media using hydrogen peroxide as an oxidant. A wide variety of alpha,beta-unsaturated ketones were oxidized to the corresponding epoxyketones in excellent yields under mild reaction conditions. For example, 2-cyclohexen-1-one gave 2,3-epoxycyclohexanone in 91% yield at 40 degrees C for 5 h with high efficiency in hydrogen peroxide. The catalytic activity of the hydrotalcites increased as the basicity of their surfaces increased. In the case of the epoxidation of less reactive substrates, adding a cationic surfactant such as n-dodecyltrimethylammonium bromide (DTMAB) to the above oxidation system accelerated the epoxidation reaction. These hydrotalcite catalysts were easily separated from the reaction mixture and were reusable.
Surface segregation of a Pt–Au alloy: An atom-probe field ion microscope investigation (1980)

An absolute composition depth profile of a dilute gold alloy of platinum is obtained with a true atomic layer depth resolution. At 600±20 °C, the top {001} layer Au concentration is found to be as high as 99±20% for a sample with a bulk gold concentration of 4.1±0.7%. The Au concentration decreases monotonically into the bulk, with a characteristic depth of about three atomic layers.