gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
SU-E-T-540: Volumetric Modulated Total Body Irradiation Using a Rotational Lazy Susan-Like Immobilization System (2014)

Purpose: Traditional extended SSD total body irradiation (TBI) techniques can be problematic in terms of patient comfort and/or dose uniformity. This work aims to develop a comfortable TBI technique that achieves a uniform dose distribution to the total body while reducing the dose to organs at risk for complications. Methods: To maximize patient comfort, a lazy Susan-like couch top immobilization system which rotates about a pivot point was developed. During CT simulation, a patient is immobilized by a Vac-Lok bag within the body frame. The patient is scanned head-first and then feet-first following 180° rotation of the frame. The two scans are imported into the Pinnacle treatment planning system and concatenated to give a full-body CT dataset. Treatment planning matches multiple isocenter volumetric modulated arc (VMAT) fields of the upper body and multiple isocenter parallel-opposed fields of the lower body. VMAT fields of the torso are optimized to satisfy lung dose constraints while achieving a therapeutic dose to the torso. The multiple isocenter VMAT fields are delivered with an indexed couch, followed by body frame rotation about the pivot point to treat the lower body isocenters. The treatment workflow was simulated with a Rando phantom, and the plan was mapped to a solid water slab phantom for point- and film-dose measurements at multiple locations. Results: The treatment plan of 12Gy over 8 fractions achieved 80.2% coverage of the total body volume within ±10% of the prescription dose. The mean lung dose was 8.1 Gy. All ion chamber measurements were within ±1.7% compared to the calculated point doses. All relative film dosimetry showed at least a 98.0% gamma passing rate using a 3mm/3% passing criteria. Conclusion: The proposed patient comfort-oriented TBI technique provides for a uniform dose distribution within the total body while reducing the dose to the lungs.
Apparition d'une polymyosite dans le décours tardif d'une hépatite B (1985)

peer reviewed
Cylindrical Micelles of Wormlike Polyelectrolytes (1999)

We report on a study of the association behavior in solution of semirigid polymers consisting of a poly(p-phenylene) backbone with alternation of negatively charged and hydrophobic moieties. Small-angle X-ray scattering data of aqueous solutions of sulfonated poly(p-phenylene)s show aggregated polymer chains in the form of cylindrical micelles, in which the phenylene backbone is oriented parallel to the long axis of the micelle. The charge density and the length of the alkyl side chains influence the diameter and aggregation number of the micelles. Micelles with strand aggregation numbers between 3 and 11 are formed depending on the hydrophobic−hydrophilic balance. The observed behavior resembles the formation of supermolecular structures by biogenic semirigid polyelectrolytes.
Histological Classification and Immunohistochemical Evaluation of MDM2 and CDK4 Expression in Canine Liposarcoma (2016)

Canine liposarcoma is an uncommon soft tissue sarcoma usually arising in the subcutis. While liposarcoma classification in dogs is based solely on histology, in humans it depends on the detection of genetic abnormalities that can lead to specific protein overexpression. This study is an immunohistochemical evaluation of MDM2 and CDK4 expression in canine liposarcoma designed to assess the correlation of these proteins with histologic type, grade, mitotic index and Ki67 labeling index and evaluate their utility in improving tumor classification. Fifty-three liposarcomas were retrospectively collected: 24 were well differentiated liposarcomas (WDL), 16 of which expressed MDM2 and 21 CDK4; 7 were myxoid liposarcomas (ML), 1 of which expressed MDM2 and 5 expressed CDK4; 18 were pleomorphic liposarcomas (PL), all were MDM2 negative and 12 expressed CDK4. Four tumors were morphologically consistent with dedifferentiated liposarcoma (DDL) a subtype described only in humans: 3 expressed MDM2 and 4 expressed CDK4. MDM2 expression correlated with histotype (highly expressed in WDL and DDL) and grade (highly expressed in grade 1 tumors). Histotype correlated with the Ki67 labeling index (lowest in WDL and highest in DDL). A revised classification, considering MDM2 expression, allowed 8 WDL to be reclassified as PL and correlated significantly with mitotic and Ki67 labeling index (both significantly lower in WDL and progressively higher in ML and DDL). These results partially parallel data reported for human liposarcomas, suggesting that WDL and DDL are distinct neoplastic entities characterized by MDM2 expression, which may represent a useful diagnostic and potentially prognostic marker for canine liposarcoma.
Properties of extracellular adhesion-mediating particles in myoblast clone and its adhesion-deficient variant. (1982)

Both the skeletal muscle myoblast cell line L6 and an adhesion-deficient variant of L6 released glycoprotein complexes, termed adherons, into their culture medium. The adherons from the variant, M3A, differed from those of L6 in a number of properties. M3A adherons were much less effective in promoting the cell-substratum and cell-cell adhesion of myoblasts than L6 particles. The adherons from the two cell lines also differed in their relative sedimentation velocities in sucrose gradients and had different chemical compositions. The M3A particle lacked chondroitin and contained relatively less collagen and fibronectin than the L6 adheron. Both L6 and M3A particles adhered to plastic surfaces and cells equally well in the absence of calcium ions. Neither cell-cell adhesion nor particle aggregation occurred in calcium-free medium. However, in the presence of calcium, the L6 adherons aggregated completely and M3A particles aggregated poorly. These data suggest that at least two sets of interactions are required for adheron-mediated adhesion: a calcium-independent binding of the adheron to the cell, and a calcium-dependent interaction between particles that is directly responsible for adhesion. The M3A variant is blocked at the calcium-dependent step, resulting in an adhesion deficiency.
Near-Optimal Joint Power and Rate Allocation for OFDMA Broadcast Channels (2007)

The problem of maximizing the spectral efficiency of an OFDMA broadcast channel is considered under the practical restriction of single antenna terminals. Given a total transmit power constraint and (possibly) different per-user quality of service (QoS) requirements, a subcarrier assignment and joint power and rate allocation algorithm is proposed to maximize a weighted sum of the users' rates (assuming continuous values for the rates). The proposed solution, which turns out to be a simple rate waterfilling, is very flexible since it can accommodate different scheduling criteria by tuning the users' weights involved in the maximization procedure. The output of the algorithm is quantized so as to restrict the rates to be practical values of squared QAM modulations. For small-sized systems, the comparison of the proposed algorithm with the optimal but impractical brute force search is possible and the results show excellent performance at a much lower complexity load.
Enzyme-Assisted Aqueous Extraction of Lipid from Microalgae (2012)

An improved lipid extraction process has been established for microalgal using enzyme-assisted aqueous extraction processing (EAEP), which mainly involved in sonication and enzyme treatment. As compared to cellulase, neutral protease and alkaline protease, significantly higher lipid recovery was achieved by snailase and trypsin. The highest lipid recovery of 49.82% was obtained by a combined sonication-enzyme treatment at pH 4. The enhancement mechanism of the EAEP was analyzed in terms of the particle size of cream and zeta potential. In addition, microalgal lipid recovery was also affected by lipid class composition and the type of algae. The present study demonstrates a promising alternative to conventional lipid extraction of microalgae and the quantitative information on EAEP of oleaginous alga can provide valuable data for process design at pilot and industrial scale.
1,1,n,n-Tetramethyl[n](2,11)teropyrenophanes (n = 7–9): a series of armchair SWCNT segments (2013)

A new iterative bridge formation strategy has been employed in the synthesis of a series of [n](2,11)teropyrenophanes (n = 7-9). The generation of the nonplanar teropyrene system, which is calculated to be bent through 178.7° for the smallest homologue (n = 7), is accomplished using a VID reaction of a cyclophanemonoene precursor for the first time.
Microglial activation states drive glucose uptake and FDG-PET alterations in neurodegenerative diseases (2021)

2-Deoxy-2-[<sup>18</sup>F]fluoro-d-glucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) is widely used to study cerebral glucose metabolism. Here, we investigated whether the FDG-PET signal is directly influenced by microglial glucose uptake in mouse models and patients with neurodegenerative diseases. Using a recently developed approach for cell sorting after FDG injection, we found that, at cellular resolution, microglia displayed higher glucose uptake than neurons and astrocytes. Alterations in microglial glucose uptake were responsible for both the FDG-PET signal decrease in <i>Trem2</i>-deficient mice and the FDG-PET signal increase in mouse models for amyloidosis. Thus, opposite microglial activation states determine the differential FDG uptake. Consistently, 12 patients with Alzheimer’s disease and 21 patients with four-repeat tauopathies also exhibited a positive association between glucose uptake and microglial activity as determined by <sup>18</sup>F-GE-180 18-kDa translocator protein PET (TSPO-PET) in preserved brain regions, indicating that the cerebral glucose uptake in humans is also strongly influenced by microglial activity. Our findings suggest that microglia activation states are responsible for FDG-PET signal alterations in patients with neurodegenerative diseases and mouse models for amyloidosis. Microglial activation states should therefore be considered when performing FDG-PET.
Effect of Trasina ® , an Ayurvedic Herbal Formulation, on Experimental Models of Alzheimer's Disease and Central Cholinergic Markers in Rats (1997)

Trasina is a herbal formulation of some Indian medicinal plants classified in Ayurveda, the classic Indian system of medicine, as Medhyarasayanas or drugs reputed to improve memory and intellect. Earlier experimental and clinical investigations have indicated that the formulation has a memory-facilitating action. In this investigation, the effect of Trasina, after subchronic administration for 21 days, was assessed on two rodent models simulating some biochemical features known to be associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD). The models, in rats, included intracerebroventricularly (i.c.v.) administered colchicine (15 micrograms/rat) and lesioning of nucleus basalis magnocellularis (nbm) by ibotenic acid (10 micrograms/rat). Retention of an active avoidance response was used as the memory parameter. In addition, the effect of Trasina was evaluated on i.c.v. colchicine-induced depletion of acetylcholine (ACh) concentrations, reduction in choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) activity, and decrease in muscarinic cholinergic receptor (MCR) binding in rat brain frontal cortex and hippocampus. The behavioral and biochemical investigations were done 7, 14, and 21 days after colchicine or ibotenic acid lesioning. Trasina (200 and 500 mg/kg) was administered orally (p.o.) once daily for 21 days, the first drug administration being given just prior to lesioning. Colchicine and ibotenic acid induced marked retention deficit of active avoidance learning that was attenuated in a dose-dependent manner by Trasina after 14 and 21 days of treatment. Frontal cortical and hippocampal ACh concentrations, ChAT activity and MCR binding was significantly reduced after colchicine treatment. Trasina (200 and 500 mg/kg) reversed these deficits after 14 and 21 days of treatment. The findings indicate that the herbal formulation exerts a significant nootropic effect after subchronic treatment that may be due to reversal of perturbed cholinergic function.
Neuropsychiatric Characteristics Associated with Primary Biliary Cirrhosis (1985)

Patients suffering from primary biliary cirrhosis and a control group of patients with Crohn's disease were compared with respect to neuropsychological, psychiatric and psychosocial functioning. While the two groups did not differ on tests of intelligence, the primary biliary cirrhosis patients evidenced significant deficits on certain measures of functional neuropsychological capacity, including attentional, visuospatial and perceptual-motor abilities. These patients also reported several behavioral impairments consequential to their illness, although their emotional and psychiatric status were relatively unimpaired. In addition, the similarities in neuropsychological functioning of primary biliary cirrhosis patients and individuals suffering from chronic alcoholic cirrhosis are discussed. The results of this investigation underscore the importance of a neuropsychiatric evaluation as part of a comprehensive diagnostic workup and medical management program for patients with chronic liver disease.
Tribological evaluation of passenger car engine oil: Effect of friction modifiers (2022)

The tribo-performance of passenger car engine oil with three friction modifiers (organic and inorganic) has been experimentally evaluated using benchtop tribometers. Friction coefficient traces and wear and contact potential (qualitative measurement of lubricating film formation) were reported at varying contact pressures, speeds, and temperatures. The in situ film-forming characteristics of friction modifier in engine oil were also investigated and reported using SLIM (Spacer layer imaging) in a Mini traction tribometer. Overall, inorganic friction modifiers (MoDTC) yielded better tribological performances than organic friction modifiers. Typically, thicker protective tribo-film (180 nm) formed at the worn surface by MoDTC than organic friction modifiers (80–120 nm). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Raman spectroscopy and Atomic force microscopy (AFM) have been utilised to characterise the worn surfaces and understand the mechanism behind the protective tribo-film formation.
Gut microbiome diversity is an independent predictor of survival in cervical cancer patients receiving chemoradiation (2020)

Diversity of the gut microbiome is associated with higher response rates for cancer patients receiving immunotherapy but has not been investigated in patients receiving radiation therapy. Additionally, current studies investigating the gut microbiome and outcomes in cancer patients may not adjusted for established risk factors. Here, we sought to determine if diversity and composition of the gut microbiome was independently associated with survival in cervical cancer patients receiving chemoradiation. Our study demonstrates that the diversity of gut microbiota is associated with a favorable response to chemoradiation. Additionally, compositional variation among patients correlated with short term and long-term survival. Short term survivor fecal samples were significantly enriched in Porphyromonas, Porphyromonadaceae, and Dialister, whereas long term survivor samples were significantly enriched in Escherichia Shigella, Enterobacteriaceae, and Enterobacteriales. Moreover, analysis of immune cells from cervical tumor brush samples by flow cytometry revealed that patients with a high microbiome diversity had increased tumor infiltration of CD4+ lymphocytes as well as activated subsets of CD4 cells expressing ki67+ and CD69+ over the course of radiation therapy. The modulation of gut microbiota before chemoradiation might provide an alternative way to enhance treatment efficacy and improve treatment outcomes in cervical cancer patients.
Effect of Hepatic or Renal Impairment on the Pharmacokinetics, Safety, and Tolerability of Ponesimod, a Selective S1P1 Receptor Modulator (2015)

Ponesimod, a selective S1P1 receptor modulator, is a potential therapeutic agent for autoimmune disorders. The impact of hepatic or renal impairment on the pharmacokinetics, safety and tolerability of ponesimod and its inactive metabolites, ACT-204426 and ACT-338375, was evaluated. Two separate single-centre, open-label studies with 32 (hepatic study) and 24 (renal study) male and female individuals were conducted. Hepatic impairment was based on the Child-Pugh classification, and renal impairment was determined by creatinine clearance using the Cockcroft-Gault equation. Individuals with severe hepatic or renal impairment were to be matched (sex and body mass index) with healthy individuals. All individuals received a single dose of 10 mg ponesimod. For ponesimod, the ratio of geometric means of AUC0-∞ for individuals with severe hepatic impairment versus healthy individuals was 3.07 (90% CI: 2.19, 4.32). For severely renally impaired individuals versus healthy individuals, this ratio was 1.14 (0.82, 1.58). Cmax and tmax values of ponesimod were comparable across all groups in both studies. Exposure to metabolites was increased in individuals with moderate or severe hepatic impairment as compared to healthy individuals. During the course of these studies, there were no clinically relevant abnormalities related to vital signs, 12-lead electrocardiograms and clinical laboratory values. Sixteen adverse events (AEs) were reported, 12 of them of mild intensity. No AEs were considered to be treatment related. Overall, ponesimod was well tolerated. In individuals with renal function impairment, dose adjustment is not warranted, whereas the dose should be reduced in individuals with moderate and severe hepatic impairment.
Observation of Interband Two-Photon Absorption Saturation in CdS Nanocrystals (2005)

We report the observation of interband two-photon absorption (TPA) saturation in cadmium sulfide nanocrystals (CdS NCs) under intense femtosecond laser excitation with 1.6 eV photon energy. The observation has been compared to interband TPA saturation in bulk CdS under the same experimental conditions. By using both Z-scan techniques and transient absorption measurements, the saturation intensity has been determined to be 190 GW/cm2 for CdS NCs of 4-nm diameter, which is 2 orders of magnitude greater than that for CdS bulk crystal. The results are in agreement with an inhomogeneously broadened, saturated TPA model.
Adaptation to organic dust exposure: a potential role of l-selectin shedding? (2002)

Swine confinement workers, exposed to high levels of organic dust, present a high prevalence of respiratory symptoms but show only mild lung inflammation. This contrasts with the intense inflammatory response observed when naive subjects are exposed to the same environment. Shedding of L-selectin may regulate the recruitment of inflammatory cells and explain this discrepancy. Soluble L-selectin (sL-selectin) levels were measured in sera of 36 workers, 35 control subjects and eight healthy volunteers briefly and repeatedly exposed to swine confinement buildings. White blood cell counts (WBC) and serum interleukin (IL)-6 levels were measured as markers of systemic inflammation. Higher concentrations of sL-selectin were found in the sera of workers than in controls (1452+/-62 ng x mL(-1) and 872+/-25 ng x mL(-1), respectively) whereas no differences were detected before and after acute repeated exposures of exposed volunteers. WBC were increased after exposure in exposed volunteers but not in workers. Both workers and exposed volunteers had increased IL-6 serum levels, although it was more pronounced for the exposed volunteers. These results support the hypothesis that shedding of L-selectin may downregulate the inflammatory response to organic dust-contaminated environments and constitute one mechanism of adaptation to the farm environment.
Surfactant-Loaded Halloysite Clay Nanotube Dispersants for Crude Oil Spill Remediation (2015)

The toxicity of oil spill dispersants could be greatly reduced by using environmentally benign materials as surfactant-carrier. In this work, we report halloysite clay nanotubes (HNTs) loaded with different surfactants for crude oil spill remediation. The effectiveness of HNT loaded with the surfactants Tween 80, dioctyl sodium sulfosuccinate (DOSS, D), Span 80 (S) and modified soybean lecithin phosphatidylinositol (Lecithin FPI, LFPI) in crude oil spill remediation was examined with the U.S. EPA's baffled flask test. The release kinetics of the surfactants from the HNT were studied. Ternary diagrams (Span 80–DOSS–Tween 80, Lecithin FPI–DOSS–Tween 80 and Lecithin FPI–Tween 80–Span 80) for the dispersion effectiveness of the surfactant-loaded HNT were then generated. 99 vol % dispersion effectiveness was attained by HNT loaded with ternary food grade surfactants Span 80, Tween 80 and Lecithin FPI. An environmentally friendly oil spill dispersant was therefore formulated using naturally occurring HNT and FDA approved food grade surfactants.
Cylindrically shaped zinc-blende semiconductor quantum dots do not have cylindrical symmetry: Atomistic symmetry, atomic relaxation, and piezoelectric effects (2005)

Self-assembled quantum dots are often modeled by continuum models (effective mass or $\mathbf{k}∙\mathbf{p}$) that assume the symmetry of the dot to be that of its overall geometric shape. Lens-shaped or conical dots are thus assumed to have continuous cylindrical symmetry ${C}_{\mathrm{\ensuremath{\infty}}v}$, whereas pyramidal dots are assumed to have ${C}_{4v}$ symmetry. However, considering that the III--V dots are made of atoms arranged on the (relaxed) positions of a zinc-blende lattice, one would expect the highest possible symmetry in these structures to be ${C}_{2v}$. In this symmetry group all states are singly degenerate and there are no a priori reason to expect, e.g., the electron $P$ states (usually the second and third electron levels of dominant orbital $P$ character) to be degenerate. Continuum models, however, predict these states to be energetically degenerate unless an irregular shape is postulated. We show that, in fact, the true (atomistic) symmetry of the dots is revealed when the effects of (i) interfacial symmetry, (ii) atomistic strain, and (iii) piezoelectricity are taken into account. We quantify the contributions of each of these effects separately by calculating the splitting of electron $P$ levels for different dot shapes at different levels of theory. We find that for an ideal square-based pyramidal InAs/GaAs dot the interfacial symmetry of the unrelaxed dot splits the $P$ level by 3.9 meV, atomistic relaxation adds a splitting of 18.3 meV (zero if continuum elasticity is used to calculate strain) and piezoelectricity reduces the splitting by \ensuremath{-}8.4 meV, for a total splitting of 13.8 meV. We further show that the atomistic effects (i) and (ii) favor an orientation of the electron wave functions along the $[1\overline{1}0]$ direction while effect (iii) favors the [110] direction. Whereas effects (i) + (ii) prevail for a pyramidal dot, for a lens shaped dot, effect (iii) is dominant. We show that the 8--band $\mathbf{k}∙\mathbf{p}$ method, applied to pyramidal InAs/GaAs dots describes incorrectly the splitting and order of $P$ levels (--9 meV instead of 14 meV splitting) and yields the orientation [110] instead of $[1\overline{1}0]$.