gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Serial micropuncture analysis of glomerular function in two rat models of glomerular sclerosis. (1988)

We have recently developed a micropuncture technique to assess repeatedly function of the same nephrons in chronic renal disease and subsequently examine the morphology of their glomeruli by serial thin-section histological analysis. Using this approach, a potential causal linkage between early functional patterns and late structural abnormalities was examined in glomeruli of two established rat models of glomerular sclerosis. The models are (a) puromycin aminonucleoside (PAN) administration in unilaterally nephrectomized Munich-Wistar rats and (b) adriamycin (ADM) treatment in nonnephrectomized Munich-Wistar rats. Single nephron GFR (SNGFR) and glomerular capillary hydraulic pressure (PGC) were measured repeatedly for 8 (PAN rats) or 31 wk (ADM rats). In all animals studied, values for PGC remained at, or slightly below, levels measured before PAN or ADM administration. SNGFR values declined progressively in all glomeruli in PAN rats. Although some glomeruli in ADM rats had an increase in SNGFR above levels observed in nonnephrectomized control rats, these hyperfiltering glomeruli did not have abnormally high PGC nor did they exhibit glomerular sclerosis at the completion of the study. Histological analysis revealed the existence of a significant inverse correlation between the degree of sclerosis and SNGFR assessed at the time of sacrifice in both PAN and ADM groups. Chronic administration of captopril, an angiotensin I converting enzyme inhibitor, in PAN rats substantially attenuated development of glomerular sclerosis without affecting PGC in earlier stages. The observations in these models indicate that glomerular hyperfiltration and hypertension are not required for the development of glomerular sclerosis in renal diseases, and angiotensin I converting enzyme inhibitor can exert its protective effect independently of its effect on glomerular capillary pressure.
Volume of rat lungs measured throughout the respiratory cycle using 19F NMR of the inert gas SF6 (2002)

The lung volumes of mechanically ventilated rats were measured over the course of the respiratory cycle using the NMR signal strength from inhaled sulfurhexafluoride. Rats with elastase-induced emphysema showed larger lung volumes and slower exhalation than control rats. For humans the technique should be able to provide lung volume measurements at least 20 times a second.
Effects of transcutaneous electrical stimulation combined with locomotion-like movement in the treatment of post-stroke gait disorder: a single-case study. Short report (2008)

These findings suggest that ES/LM is a feasible treatment method for impaired ambulatory function in stroke patients at the subacute stage after the event.
Rapid engineering of natural shaped objects with field data capture (2005)

In this work, a system is introduced to rapidly engineer natural shaped objects by means of a passive optical three-dimensional digitizer that uses little operator intervention to scan whole bodies. The scanning process is based on the principle of photogrammetry, in which objects are observed from two or more viewpoints and depth information is calculated with the help of triangulation. One of the main objectives is the flexibility of the scanner to allow its use in a variety of circumstances, for example in remote locations. This leads to the division of the actual scanning part from the data processing part, which makes the use of the scanner possible almost anywhere. The main focus is on the retrieval of accurate two-dimensional information from images taken with a standard digital camera, which can then be used in commercially available photogrammetry software for three-dimensional calculations. A system is developed in which the object is covered with a reference system that allows the recognition of individual reference marks and their correlation between pictures. The scanning of a foot for possible orthopaedic applications illustrates the use of the system. The subsequent cloud of points in the shape of the object allows further processing, such as rapid prototyping. This makes the scanner an ideal tool for modern manufacturing methodologies such as mass customization, in which customers can be supplied with a tailor-made version of a particular product, at the same costs as the mass produced version.
Tomographic Imaging of an Ultrasonic Field in a Plane Using a Linear Array (2004)

A method is presented based on tomographic reconstruction techniques for the visualization of an ultrasonic field. The tall, narrow piezoelectric elements of a one‐dimensional receiving array, rotated about its central axis, provide parallel projection input data for tomographic reconstruction of the field. The technique is demonstrated using simulated ultrasonic beams and experimental measurements of an ultrasonic beam propagated through a stitched woven composite.
An Application Server Approach for Integration of Clinical Systems (1999)

Platelet-endothelial cell adhesion molecule 1 (PECAM-1, CD31) is a 130-kDa member of the immunoglobulin gene superfamily expressed on endothelial cells, platelets, neutrophils, and monocytes and plays a role during endothelial cell migration. Phosphoamino acid analysis and Western blot analysis with anti-phosphotyrosine antibody show that endothelial PECAM-1 is tyrosine-phosphorylated. Phosphorylation is decreased with endothelial cell migration on fibronectin and collagen and with cell spreading on fibronectin but not on plastic. Cell adhesion on anti-integrin antibodies is also able to specifically induce PECAM-1 dephosphorylation while concurrently inducing pp125 focal adhesion kinase phosphorylation. Inhibition of dephosphorylation with sodium orthovanadate suggests that this effect is at least partially mediated by phosphatase activity. Tyr-663 and Tyr-686 are identified as potential phosphorylation sites and mutated to phenylalanine. When expressed, both mutants show reduced PECAM-1 phosphorylation but Phe-686 mutants also show significant reversal of PECAM-1-mediated inhibition of cell migration and do not localize PECAM-1 to cell borders. Our results suggest that beta 1-integrin engagement can signal to dephosphorylate PECAM-1 and that this signaling pathway may play a role during endothelial cell migration.
Review of failures and condition monitoring in wind turbine generators (2010)

Increasing wind power generation quantity in power systems needs obviously reliable operation. Therefore, accurate condition monitoring and fault diagnosis are almost mandatory. This paper aims to report recent works on condition monitoring and fault diagnosis for wind turbine generators. Wind turbines are subjected to different sort of failures, thus before stating condition monitoring and fault diagnosis methods it is necessary to identify what kind of failures can be found in the real world. As a result, the gearbox is one of the most critical components of the wind turbine in which failures could stop generation for a long time. Recently, several condition monitoring and fault diagnosis techniques have been introduced in order to minimize downtime and maintenance cost while increasing energy availability and life time service of the wind farms. Vibration sensors have been used for long time in wind turbine condition monitoring systems to collect data of the generator health. Actually, using such sensors is expensive, difficult to install and sometimes impossible to be implemented in already installed wind turbines. Therefore, researchers have been focused on using electrical signature analysis from sensors in order to detect wind turbines faults and generator health in a cheap, easy to install and accessible way.
Value of the pneumonia severity index in assessment of community-acquired pneumonia. (2005)

The PSI provided a useful prediction of medical outcome in patients with community-acquired pneumonia. To decrease unnecessary admission, further prospective studies are needed to determine whether outpatient therapy is appropriate for class I or class II patients with community-acquired pneumonia.
Optimized Cell Survival and Seeding Efficiency for Craniofacial Tissue Engineering Using Clinical Stem Cell Therapy (2014)

Traumatic injuries involving the face are very common, yet the clinical management of the resulting craniofacial deficiencies is challenging. These injuries are commonly associated with missing teeth, for which replacement is compromised due to inadequate jawbone support. Using cell therapy, we report the upper jaw reconstruction of a patient who lost teeth and 75% of the supporting jawbone following injury. A mixed population of bone marrow-derived autologous stem and progenitor cells was seeded onto β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP), which served as a scaffold to deliver cells directly to the defect. Conditions (temperature, incubation time) to achieve the highest cell survival and seeding efficiency were optimized. Four months after cell therapy, cone beam computed tomography and a bone biopsy were performed, and oral implants were placed to support an engineered dental prosthesis. Cell seeding efficiency (>81%) of the β-TCP and survival during the seeding process (94%) were highest when cells were incubated with β-TCP for 30 minutes, regardless of incubation temperature; however, at 1 hour, cell survival was highest when incubated at 4°C. Clinical, radiographic, and histological analyses confirmed that by 4 months, the cell therapy regenerated 80% of the original jawbone deficiency with vascularized, mineralized bone sufficient to stably place oral implants. Functional and aesthetic rehabilitation of the patient was successfully completed with installation of a dental prosthesis 6 months following implant placement. This proof-of-concept clinical report used an evidence-based approach for the cell transplantation protocol used and is the first to describe a cell therapy for craniofacial trauma reconstruction.
Scratch Test for Measuring Adherence of Thin Films to Oxide Substrates (1964)

The adherence of films on oxide substrates is measured by a scratch-test technique using a commercially available hardness tester. Test results viewed by transmitted light on transparent substrates show (1) how contamination can cause failure of potentially-adherent film and (2) how a potential adherence (on a well-cleaned substrate) is related to the free energy of formation of the metal oxide.
Early steps in the biosynthesis of mycobactins P and S (1970)

1. Lysine is readily incorporated into mycobactins P and S. Incorporation is into the hydroxamic acid moieties only and is equal in the mycobactic acid and cobactin portions of the molecule. 2. 2-Amino-6-hydroxyaminohexanoic acid is not taken up by cells of Mycobacterium phlei and is not detectable in extracts of cells actively synthesizing mycobactin. 3. The most abundant material derived from lysine that can be detected in such cell extracts is an N(6)-acyl-lysine. Cells grown in the presence of iron contain markedly less of this material than do those grown under conditions of iron deficiency. 4. When added to growing cultures of M. phlei the N(6)-acyl-lysine is readily incorporated into mycobactin. 5. The hydroxy acid of cobactin P is derivable from propionate.
A note on the influence of added relaxin on the fertility of aged boar semen (1994)

Two experiments were performed to evaluate the influence of relaxin on the fertility of gilts inseminated with aged boar semen. For experiment 1, oestrus was induced in 43 Yorkshire × Landrace gilts by injection of 400 i.u. PMSG plus 200 i.u. hCG. At 24 h after oestrus detection, gilts were inseminated with fresh semen (1 to 2 day old; no. = 15), aged semen (5 to 6 days old; no. = 15) or aged semen containing 400 fig/l of relaxin added at the time of semen extension (no. = 13). Pregnancy rates 24 days after insemination were lower in gilts receiving aged semen ( P &lt; 0·05), an effect not prevented by added relaxin. There was no effect of either semen age or relaxin on numbers of embryos. In experiment 2, the ejaculates of eight boars were extended with or without the addition of 400 fig/I relaxin and motility monitored for 7 days. Fresh sperm motility decreased from 87-5 (s.e. 2·5)% at collection to 71-2 (s.e. 3·3)% after 7 days. The attenuation of sperm motility was not affected by relaxin.
High-Porosity Titanium, Stainless Steel, and Superalloy Parts (2000)

The production of highly porous parts from titanium, stainless steel, and nickel-based superalloys is of increasing interest in lightweight constructions. A new space-holder method uses carbamide (urea) and ammonium hydrogen carbonate to produce samples with porosities between 60 and 80 %. Depending on the shape and size distribution of the space holder, spherical and angular pores in the range of 0.1–2.5 mm were obtained.
High capacity gas storage in corrugated porous graphene with a specific surface area-lossless tightly stacking manner (2012)

We report for the first time an experimental investigation of gas storage in porous graphene with nanomeshes. High capacity methane storage (236 v(STP)/v) and a high selectivity to carbon dioxide adsorption were obtained in the nanomesh graphene with a high specific surface area (SSA) and a SSA-lossless tightly stacking manner.
Stability of histone post-translational modifications in samples derived from liver tissue and primary hepatic cells (2018)

Chromatin structure, a key contributor to the regulation of gene expression, is modulated by a broad array of histone post-translational modifications (PTMs). Taken together, these "histone marks" comprise what is often referred to as the "histone code". The quantitative analysis of histone PTMs by mass spectrometry (MS) offers the ability to examine the response of the histone code to physiological signals. However, few studies have examined the stability of histone PTMs through the process of isolating and culturing primary cells. To address this, we used bottom-up, MS-based analysis of histone PTMs in liver, freshly isolated hepatocytes, and cultured hepatocytes from adult male Fisher F344 rats. Correlations between liver, freshly isolated cells, and primary cultures were generally high, with R2 values exceeding 0.9. However, a number of acetylation marks, including those on H2A K9, H2A1 K13, H3 K4, H3 K14, H4 K8, H4 K12 and H4 K16 differed significantly among the three sources. Inducing proliferation of primary adult hepatocytes in culture affected several marks on histones H3.1/3.2 and H4. We conclude that hepatocyte isolation, culturing and cell cycle status all contribute to steady-state changes in the levels of a number of histone PTMs, indicating changes in histone marks that are rapidly induced in response to alterations in the cellular milieu. This has implications for studies aimed at assigning biological significance to histone modifications in tumors versus cancer cells, the developmental behavior of stem cells, and the attribution of changes in histone PTMs to altered cell metabolism.
Development of Water Dispersible Powder (WDP) Formulation of Bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki and evaluation against Helicoverpa armigera (Hubner) (2006)

Thirty two recipes of 7% WDP formulation of Bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki (HD-1) were prepared in the laboratory using eight carriers viz barium sulphate, bentonite, dolomite, fuller's earth, kaolinite, precipitate of silica, pyrophyllite and talc, two dispersing agents viz lignosulphonate (LS) and naphthalene sulphonate condensate (NSC) and two wetting agents viz sodium lauryl sulphate (SLS) and linear alkyl benzene sulphonate (LABS). The LC50 values ranged from 0.025–0.154% against neonates of Helicoverpa armigera. Recipe containing grecipitata of silica was found more effective (LC50 0.025%) compared to commercial formulation Halt 5%WP (LC50 0.043). Physico chemical properties of the carriers influenced the bioactivity of Bacillus thuringiensis in WDD formulation.
Dysregulation through the NF-κB Enhancer and TATA Box of the Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Subtype E Promoter (1998)

The global diversity of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) genotypes, termed subtypes A to J, is considerable and growing. However, relatively few studies have provided evidence for an associated phenotypic divergence. Recently, we demonstrated subtype-specific functional differences within the long terminal repeat (LTR) region of expanding subtypes (M. A. Montano, V. A. Novitsky, J. T. Blackard, N. L. Cho, D. A. Katzenstein, and M. Essex, J. Virol. 71:8657-8665, 1997). Notably, all HIV-1E isolates were observed to contain a defective upstream NF-kappaB site and a unique TATA-TAR region. In this study, we demonstrate that tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) stimulation of the HIV-1E LTR was also impaired, consistent with a defective upstream NF-kappaB site. Furthermore, repair of the upstream NF-kappaB site within HIV-1E partially restored TNF-alpha responsiveness. We also show, in gel shift assays, that oligonucleotides spanning the HIV-1E TATA box displayed a reduced efficiency in the assembly of the TBP-TFIIB-TATA complex, relative to an HIV-1B TATA oligonucleotide. In transfection assays, the HIV-1E TATA, when changed to the canonical HIV-1B TATA sequence (ATAAAA-->ATATAA) unexpectedly reduces both heterologous HIV-1B Tat and cognate HIV-1E Tat activation of an HIV-1E LTR-driven reporter gene. However, Tat activation, irrespective of subtype, could be rescued by introducing a cognate HIV-1B TAR. Collectively, these observations suggest that the expanding HIV-1E genotype has likely evolved an alternative promoter configuration with altered NF-kappaB and TATA regulatory signals in contradistinction with HIV-1B.
Computer Aids to Clinical Treatment Evaluation (1967)

The growing abundance of therapeutic alternatives can present exceedingly complex sequences of medical treatment decisions and treatment plans. Extensive and systematic clinical treatment evaluation, which necessarily involves the aid of electronic computers, is indicated in the solution to these problems. The primary purpose of this paper is to discuss precise mathematical formulations of these problems and to describe computer aids to their solution. First, the use of dynamic programming is discussed as an approach to the mathematical formulation of the diagnostic-treatment cycle. Then the use of Bayes’ formula will be discussed as an aid to the collection of treatment-evaluation data. Finally, a computer system for an outpatient clinic is described. It is important to note that although we suggest basic mathematical characterizations of these problems, each particular medical specialty, and frequently each particular treatment, requires specific adaptations of the methods in order to take care of special problems that frequently arise.
Synthesis of tert‐butylcalix[4]arenes modified with germanium‐containing side‐chains at the lower rim (2003)

Abstract Bis‐, tris‐, and tetrakis‐trimethylgermylpropanoyl esters of p‐tert‐butylcalix[4]arenes 5, 7 , and 8 were synthesized and their conformations in solution were determined by 1 H and 13 C NMR spectroscopy. The characteristic pair of doublets from the ArCH 2 Ar methylene protons was observed, indicating that all the prepared calixarenes were in the cone conformation. These germylated calixarenes failed to exhibit any appreciable cation‐capturing ability, indicating that further modification is required to make these compounds to be effective ditopic hosts. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 14:365–373, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/hc.10164
Demonstration of low temperature CMOS devices on SiOG and SOI substrates (2009)

The fabrication and analysis of CMOS devices fabricated on Silicon-on-Glass (SiOG) and compared to SOI (SIMOX) substrates are presented. Key aspects of the low temperature (< 600degC) fabrication process are described. The devices from the SiOG substrate were observed to be comparable to those fabricated on SOI (SIMOX) with respect to carrier mobility and off-state leakage current. SiOG is viewed as a platform with potential applications in advanced flat panel mobile display modules as well as low-cost, medium performance ASICs.
Adaptive Semi-structured Information Extraction (2003)

The number of domains and tasks where information extraction tools can be used needs to be increased. One way to reach this goal is to construct user-driven information extraction systems where novice users are able to adapt them to new domains and tasks. To accomplish this goal, the systems need to become more intelligent and able to learn to extract information without need of expert skills or time-consuming work from the user. The type of information extraction system that is in focus for this thesis is semistructural information extraction. The term semi-structural refers to documents that not only contain natural language text but also additional structural information. The typical application is information extraction from World Wide Web hypertext documents. By making effective use of not only the link structure but also the structural information within each such document, user-driven extraction systems with high performance can be built. The extraction process contains several steps where different types of techniques are used. Examples of such types of techniques are those that take advantage of structural, pure syntactic, linguistic, and semantic information. The first step that is in focus for this thesis is the navigation step that takes advantage of the structural information. It is only one part of a complete extraction system, but it is an important part. The use of reinforcement learning algorithms for the navigation step can make the adaptation of the system to new tasks and domains more user-driven. The advantage of using reinforcement learning techniques is that the extraction agent can efficiently learn from its own experience without need for intensive user interactions. An agent-oriented system was designed to evaluate the approach suggested in this thesis. Initial experiments showed that the training of the navigation step and the approach of the system was promising. However, additional components need to be included in the system before it becomes a fully-fledged user-driven system.
Polynomial liveness* (2004)

Important properties of many protocols are liveness or availability, i.e., that something good happens now and then. In asynchronous scenarios, these properties depend on the scheduler, which is usually considered to be fair in this case. The standard definitions of fairness and liveness are based on infinite sequences. Unfortunately, this cannot be applied to most cryptographic protocols since one must restrict the adversary and the runs as a whole to length polynomial in the security parameter. We present the first general definition of polynomial fairness and liveness in asynchronous scenarios which can cope with cryptographic protocols. Furthermore, our definitions provide a link to the common approach of simulatability which is used throughout modern cryptography: We show that polynomial liveness is maintained under simulatability. As an example, we present an abstract specification and a secure implementation of secure message transmission with reliable channels, and prove them to fulfill the desired liveness property, i.e., reliability of messages.
Supplementary figure 3 from Decoy Receptor DcR1 Is Induced in a p50/Bcl3–Dependent Manner and Attenuates the Efficacy of Temozolomide (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary figure 3. A, annexin V binding in U251 cells treated with vehicle or temozolomide (TMZ, 100 μM) following transfection with the indicated siRNA. B, clonogenic assay in A172 cells transfected with the indicated siRNA following treatment with the indicated concentration of TMZ. C, clonogenic assay in U251 cells transfected with si-RNA and treated with TMZ. *, P &lt; 0.05.&lt;/p&gt;