gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Carbon-Hydrogen Bond Functionalization Catalyzed by Transition Metal Systems (2012)

Alkanes are our most abundant organic resource but are highly resistant to selective chemical transformations. Alkenes (olefins) by contrast are the single most versatile class of molecules for selective transformations, and are intermediates in virtually every petrochemical process as well as a vast range of commodity and fine chemical processes. Over the course of this project we have developed the most efficient catalysts to date for the selective conversion of alkanes to give olefins, and have applied these catalysts to other dehydrogenation reactions. We have also developed some of the first efficient catalysts for carbonylation of alkanes and arenes to give aldehydes. The development of these catalysts has been accompanied by elucidation of the mechanism of their operation and the factors controlling the kinetics and thermodynamics of C-H bond activation and other individual steps of the catalytic cycles. This fundamental understanding will allow the further improvement of these catalysts, as well as the development of the next generation of catalysts for the functionalization of alkanes and other molecules containing C-H bonds.
Moderate instability of the trinucleotide repeat in spino bulbar muscular atrophy (1992)

Increased length of a protein-coding CAG repeat within the androgen receptor gene appears to be the only type of mutation responsible for spino-bulbal muscular atrophy (SBMA or Kennedy disease). We have analysed a large 4-generation SBMA family and found that the mutant allele was unstable upon transmission from parent to child, with a documented variation from 46 to 53 repeats and a tendancy to increase in size (7 increases and a single decrease in 17 events), which appeared stronger upon transmission from a male than from a female. Our results suggest also limited somatic instability of the abnormal allele, with observable variation of up to 2–3 repeats. This indicates that the behavior of the CAG repeat is similar to that observed for small premutations in the fragile X syndrome, or small abnormal alleles in myotonic dystrophy, two diseases which are caused by expansion of an unstable trinucleotide repeat.
The RODbaffle Heat Exchanger (1979)

The RODbaffle exchanger offers a solution to the vexing problem of tube failures in shell-and-tube exchangers resulting from tube vibration. Additional benefits are good heat transfer rates, low pressure drop, and lower fouling rates. The ratio of heat transfer rate to pressure drop can be more than double that of the conventional plate-type baffle in a comparable application.
Incidence and Prevalence of Childhood Epilepsy: A Nationwide Cohort Study (2017)

Approximately 1 out of 150 children is diagnosed with epilepsy during the first 10 years of life, with the highest incidence rate observed during infancy. Validation of epilepsy diagnoses in administrative data and cohort studies is crucial because reported diagnoses may not meet diagnostic criteria for epilepsy.
SUMO targets the APC/C to regulate transition from metaphase to anaphase (2018)

Signal transduction by small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO) regulates a myriad of nuclear processes. Here we report on the role of SUMO in mitosis in human cell lines. Knocking down the SUMO conjugation machinery results in a delay in mitosis and defects in mitotic chromosome separation. Searching for relevant SUMOylated proteins in mitosis, we identify the anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C), a master regulator of metaphase to anaphase transition. The APC4 subunit is the major SUMO target in the complex, containing SUMO acceptor lysines at positions 772 and 798. SUMOylation is crucial for accurate progression of cells through mitosis and increases APC/C ubiquitylation activity toward a subset of its targets, including the newly identified target KIF18B. Combined, our findings demonstrate the importance of SUMO signal transduction for genome integrity during mitotic progression and reveal how SUMO and ubiquitin cooperate to drive mitosis.
Analysis of pump-to-signal noise transfer in two-stage ultra-broadband optical parametric chirped-pulse amplification (2021)

In optical parametric chirped-pulse amplification (OPCPA), pump temporal intensity modulation is transferred to the chirped-signal spectrum via instantaneous parametric gain and results in contrast degradation of the recompressed signal. We investigate, for the first time to our knowledge, the pump-to-signal noise transfer in a two-stage ultra-broadband OPCPA pumped by a single laser and show the dependence of pump-induced signal noise, characterized both before and after pulse compression, on the difference in pump-seed delay in the two stages. We demonstrate an up-to-15-dB reduction of the pump-induced contrast degradation via pump-seed delay optimization. Experiments and simulations show that, even when parametric amplifiers are operated in saturation, the pump-seed delay can be used to minimize the pump-induced contrast degradation that is attributed largely to the noises from the unsaturated edges of the pulse and that of the beam.
Balloon Kyphoplasty Versus Conservative Treatment for Acute Osteoporotic Vertebral Fractures With Poor Prognostic Factors (2018)

4.
Cognitive variables in tinnitus annoyance (1988)

Two new questionnaires were devised to investigate dimensions of complaint about tinnitus. Following a factor analysis of data provided by a sample of tinnitus patients who were administered the first questionnaire, the second questionnaire was developed. This included questions concerning coping attitudes and beliefs about tinnitus. The results of the two analyses were similar and they indicated the presence of three main dimensions of complaint (emotional distress, auditory perceptual difficulties, and sleep disturbance). However several smaller factors suggested that complaint was more complex than originally predicted. The second questionnaire successfully discriminated complaining from non-complaining patients.
Committed to work but vulnerable: self‐perceptions and mental health in NEET 18‐year olds from a contemporary British cohort (2015)

Our findings indicate that while NEET is clearly an economic and mental health issue, it does not appear to be a motivation issue. Alongside skills, work-related self-perceptions and mental health problems may be targets for intervention and service provision among this high-risk population.
MgSO4 + zeolite-based composite thermo-chemical energy stores (TCES) integrated with vacuum flat plate solar thermal collectors (VFPC) for seasonal thermal energy storage (2015)

MgSO4 + zeolite-based composite thermo-chemical energy stores (TCES) MgSO4 + zeolite-based composite thermo-chemical energy stores (TCES) integrated with vacuum flat plate solar thermal collectors (VFPC) for integrated with vacuum flat plate solar thermal collectors (VFPC) for seasonal thermal energy storage seasonal thermal energy storage
Neutralizing and haemagglutination-inhibiting antibodies to yellow fever 17 years after vaccination with 17D vaccine. (1962)

The duration of immunity conferred by yellow fever vaccine is as yet undetermined. In this study the neutralizing and haemagglutination-inhibiting antibodies to yellow fever were investigated in 108 persons living in Pouso Alegre, Brazil, where yellow fever has never been reported. These persons had been vaccinated with 17D yellow fever vaccine between 27 December 1940 and 5 February 1941, but not again; and their antibody pattern was compared with that of 78 controls who had never been vaccinated. In the vaccinated group the majority had neutralizing and haemagglutination-inhibiting antibodies present in the serum, whereas in the unvaccinated group antibodies were all but completely absent. Heterologous antibodies to other viruses of Casal's Group B were also found, and the significance of this finding is discussed.
Inorganic derivatives of iron sulfide thiolate dimers and tetramers: synthesis and properties of the halide series [Fe2S2X4]2- and [Fe4S4X4]2- (X = chlorine, bromine, iodine) (1978)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTInorganic derivatives of iron sulfide thiolate dimers and tetramers: synthesis and properties of the halide series [Fe2S2X4]2- and [Fe4S4X4]2- (X = chlorine, bromine, iodine)Geoffrey B. Wong, M. A. Bobrik, and R. H. HolmCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1978, 17, 3, 578–584Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1978Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1978https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic50181a012https://doi.org/10.1021/ic50181a012research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1624Altmetric-Citations102LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A Review on Scaling Up Perovskite Solar Cells (2020)

Abstract Power conversion efficiency of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) has been boosted to 25.5% among the highest efficiency for single‐junction solar cells, making PSCs extremely promising to realize industrial production and commercialization. Scaling up PSCs to fabricate efficient perovskite solar modules (PSMs) is the fundamental for applications. Here, present progresses on scaling up PSCs are reviewed. The structure design for PSMs is discussed. Various scalable methods and related morphology control strategies for large‐area uniform perovskite films are summarized. Potential charge transport materials and electrode materials together with their scalable methods for low‐cost, efficient, and stable PSMs are also summarized. Besides, current attempts on encapsulation for improving stability and reducing lead leakage are introduced, and the calculated cost and environment influence of PSMs are also outlined.
STOPping peanut allergy: the saga of food oral immunotherapy (2014)

ISN also supports about 50 continuing medical education programmes a year in LMICs, providing international experts who supplement local speakers and also meet with local health-care leaders—sometimes health ministers—to assess needs and opportunities for nephrology and work out how ISN can contribute. The global outreach programmes are continuously assessed and improved using survey data and local feedback. They are oversubscribed, and selection for funding is based on objective criteria for the relevance of the proposal to the needs of the individual, the centre, and the country. In 2012, worldwide, ISN supported 48 fellows, 37 sister centres, 48 continuing medical education programmes, 16 educational ambassadors, and six research and prevention grants at an aggregate cost of just US$1·5 million, representing, in line with its mission, every spare dollar in the ISN budget (after running costs of the society were covered). The low costs are a result of reduced costs of staff and services in LMICs: ISN members gladly volunteer their time as teachers and trainers, travel in economy class, and stay in low-cost local accommodation, and sister centres and centres hosting fellows make creative use of their own budgets to benefi t their partners. The distribution of these ISN programmes funded in 2012 in Africa is shown in the fi gure. ISN will continue to develop these programmes as its top priority and will partner with any organisation with the same respect for the achievements in nephrology care of our colleagues in developing countries, and with the same commitment to supporting sustainable, transformational capacity building as the ISN. The results that the ISN aim for happen when committed LMIC leaders work with ISN leaders and volunteers, and when everyone involved understands that, although progress might be slow, patience and perseverance are rewarded. The ISN's model and achievements provide a meaningful answer to how medical care in developing countries might be improved. We recommend our model to other professional medical societies and to individuals who want to help make a real and lasting diff erence in health care in developing regions of the world.
Semantic data models (1988)

Semantic data models have emerged from a requirement for more expressive conceptual data models. Current generation data models lack direct support for relationships, data abstraction, inheritance, constraints, unstructured objects, and the dynamic properties of an application. Although the need for data models with richer semantics is widely recognized, no single approach has won general acceptance. This paper describes the generic properties of semantic data models and presents a representative selection of models that have been proposed since the mid-1970s. In addition to explaining the features of the individual models, guidelines are offered for the comparison of models. The paper concludes with a discussion of future directions in the area of conceptual data modeling.
Investigation of ion charge composition and energy distribution of laser ablation plasma from liquid metal (2010)

The use of recoil momentum from a laser ablation flare is found to be one of promising way for development of low-propulsion thrusters (LPT) for launching of micro and nano-satellites. The present work suggests using the liquid Ga-In alloy as the ablated body instead of a solid-state one. A Nd:YAG laser with output of 0.25 mJ and pulse duration of 2.5 ns (FWHM) was used for ablation. Charge-resolved ion energy distributions of the laser-ablation plasma were studied by means of an energy-mass analyzer EQP Hiden Analytical. Angular distribution of laser plasma density and plasma flow velocity were retrieved from measurement of ion saturation currents on a set of collectors placed at different axial and azimuthal angles relative to the target surface normal. It was found that the thrust from the liquid-metal target remains very stable during a long operation time while life-time of the target is limited only by the working body supply.
Scaffold architecture and fibrin gels promote meniscal cell proliferation (2014)

Stability of the knee relies on the meniscus, a complex connective tissue with poor healing ability. Current meniscal tissue engineering is inadequate, as the signals for increasing meniscal cell proliferation have not been established. In this study, collagen scaffold structure, isotropic or aligned, and fibrin gel addition were tested. Metabolic activity was promoted by fibrin addition. Cellular proliferation, however, was significantly increased by both aligned architectures and fibrin addition. None of the constructs impaired collagen type I production or triggered adverse inflammatory responses. It was demonstrated that both fibrin gel addition and optimized scaffold architecture effectively promote meniscal cell proliferation.
Spare receptors and intrinsic activity: Studies with D1 dopamine receptor agonists (1995)

The intrinsic activities of selected dopamine D1 receptor agonists were compared in three distinct molecular expression systems, C-6, Ltk, and GH4 cells transfected with primate D1A receptors. The influence of the cell expression system on intrinsic activity varied markedly among agonists. Dihydrexidine (DHX), a potent full agonist with dramatic antiparkinsonian actions, displayed intrinsic activity similar to dopamine in all three cell lines. In contrast, SKF82958 and SKF38393 (full and partial agonists, respectively, in rat striatum) had intrinsic activities equal to dopamine in GH4 cells that expressed a high density of D1 receptors, yet were of lower intrinsic activity in C-6 cells having 15-fold fewer receptors. The idea that spare receptors are one important determinant of observed intrinsic activity was explored directly by "receptor titration," in which ca. 90% of D1 receptors in Ltk cells were inactivated using EEDQ, an irreversible antagonist. Whereas EEDQ pretreatment decreased the potency of all agonists, it changed the intrinsic activity of some, but not all, drugs. A 40% decrease was seen with the partial agonist SKF38393, and, surprisingly, a 30% decrease was seen with the purported full agonist SKF82958. Conversely, the intrinsic activity of DHX and A68930 were unaffected by the EEDQ treatment. The data demonstrate that significant and biologically meaningful differences in intrinsic efficacy (e.g., DHX vs. SKF82958) may be obscured in test systems that have sufficient receptor reserve (e.g., the striatum). Such differences in intrinsic efficacy may be an important predictor of the clinical utility of D1 agonists.
“To Be or Not to Be...” Cancer Stem Cells or Not Cancer Stem Cells.. (2013)

Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are defined as cancer cells with self-renewal capacity. These cells represent a small subpopulation endowed with the ability to form new tumors when injected in mice. Membrane markers and cancer stem cell assays have been used to identify and characterize these cells. The selfrenewal ability of cancer stem cells has suggested that this population could be responsible for new tumor formation and cancer relapse. The identification of the cells responsible for the initiation and maintenance of a tumor is a main goal of research as such identification would present opportunities to design more specific therapies. In this article we will critically review these points with emphasis on the assays that the scientific community has in its arsenal to characterize and identify breast cancer stem cells, exposing the divergent literature.
Figure S5 from Combination Therapy with NHS-muIL12 and Avelumab (anti-PD-L1) Enhances Antitumor Efficacy in Preclinical Cancer Models (2023)

&lt;p&gt;NHS-muIL12 and avelumab combination treatment enhanced the necrotic fraction in EMT-6 tumors.&lt;/p&gt;
Experimental Investigation of Molten Salt Nanofluid for Solar Thermal Energy Application (2011)

The overall efficiency of a Concentrated Solar Power (CSP) system is critically dependent on the thermo-physical properties of the Thermal Energy Storage (TES) components and the Heat Transfer Fluid (HTF). Higher operating temperatures in CSP result in enhanced thermal efficiency of the thermodynamic cycles that are used in harnessing solar energy (e.g., using Rankine cycle or Stirling cycle). Particlularly, high specific heat capacity (Cp) and high thermal conductivity (k) of the HTF and TES materials enable reduction in the size and overall cost of solar power systems. However, only a limited number of materials are compatible for the high operating temperature requirements (exceeding 400°C) envisioned for the next generation of CSP systems. Molten salts have a wide range of melting point (200°C∼500°C) and are thermally stable up to 700°C. However, thermal property values of the molten salts are typically quite low (Cp is typically less than ∼2J/g-K and k is typically less than ∼1 W/m-K). To obviate these issues the molten salts can be doped with nanoparticles — resulting in the synthesis / formation of nanomaterials (nanocomposites and nanofluids). Nanofluids are colloidal suspensions formed by doping with minute concentration of nanoparticles. Nanofluids were reported for anomalous enhancement in their thermal conductivity values. In this study, molten salt-based nanofluids were synthesized by liquid solution method. A differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) was used to measure the specific heat capacity values of the proposed nanofluids. The observed enhancement in specific heat is then compared with predictions from conventional thermodynamic models (e.g. thermal equilibrium model or “simple mixing rule”). Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) is used to verify that minimal aggregation of nanoparticles occurred before and after the thermocycling experiments. Thermocycling experiments were conducted for repeated measurements of the specific heat capacity by using multiple freeze-thaw cycles of the nanofluids/ nano-composites, respectively. This study demonstrates the feasibility for using novel nanomaterials as high temperature nanofluids for applications in enhancing the operational efficiencies as well as reducing the cost of electricity produced in solar thermal systems utilizing CSP in combination with TES.
Bioproduction of High-Concentration 4-Vinylguaiacol Using Whole-Cell Catalysis Harboring an Organic Solvent-Tolerant Phenolic Acid Decarboxylase From Bacillus atrophaeus (2019)

The compound 4-vinyl guaiacol (4-VG) is highly valued and widely applied in the pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and food industries. The bioproduction of 4-VG from ferulic acid (FA) by non-oxidative decarboxylation using phenolic acid decarboxylases is promising but has been hampered by low conversion yields and final product concentrations due to the toxicities of 4-VG and FA. In the current study, a new phenolic acid decarboxylase (BaPAD) was characterized from <i>Bacillus atrophaeus</i>. The BaPAD possessed excellent catalytic activity and stability in various organic solvents. Whole <i>Escherichia coli</i> cells harboring intracellular BaPAD exhibited greater tolerances to FA and 4-VG than those of free BaPAD. A highly efficient aqueous-organic biphasic system was established using 1-octanol as the optimal organic phase for whole-cell catalysis. In this system, a very high concentration (1580 mM, 237.3 g/L) of 4-VG was achieved in a 2 L working volume bioreactor, and the molar conversion yield and productivity reached 98.9% and 18.3 g/L/h in 13 h, respectively.
Micorrizas arbusculares em cafeeiro coffea arabica l.: Revisão e meta-análise (2017)

O cafeeiro, planta de importância econômica mundial, apresenta elevado grau de micotrofia para a absorção de nutrientes, em especial de fósforo, cujas fontes são escassas, requeridas em grande quantidade em solos tropicais. Os fungos micorrízicos arbusculares (FMAs) e a cultura do cafeeiro (Coffea arabica) têm sido objeto de estudo há mais de três décadas e, por isso, é relevante analisar e reunir esses estudos de maneira quantitativa e qualitativa, empregando-se meta-análise e revisão crítica dos avanços e tendências. Nesta revisão foi discutido aspecto de distribuição geográfica, ecologia, efeitos no crescimento vegetal, nutrição mineral, micotrofismo, eficiência simbiótica e suas aplicações, com ênfase nas pesquisas realizadas no Brasil. Empregando as bases de dados eletrônicas Cab Abstracts, Springerlink, Science Direct, Scielo, Scopus, ISI, Lilascs, Woldcat, foram 73 estudos analisados entre artigos, dissertações e teses. A meta-análise mostrou a importância dos FMAs para o crescimento, nutrição de plantas e produção de grãos. No entanto, fica evidente ainda uma lacuna na avaliação dos diferentes manejos adotados na cultura do cafeeiro e seus efeitos nos FMAs e a necessidade de ampliar as pesquisas, em condições de campo, para se conferir a contribuição real dos FMAs como biofertilizantes e bioestimulantes e no biocontrole para o cafeeiro.