gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Estrogens and non‐estrogenic ovarian influences combine to promote the recruitment and decrease the turnover of new neurons in the adult female canary brain (1995)

The higher vocal center (HVC) of the songbird forebrain exhibits persistent neurogenesis in adulthood, particularly in a region of the mediocaudal neostriatum that is associated with a subventricular layer of estrogen receptive cells. We asked whether estrogens might influence adult neurogenesis, by assessing the effect of ovariectomy on HVC neuronal production in the adult female canary. Fifteen 1-year-old females were separated into groups of ovariectomized, estradiol-replaced ovariectomized, and gonadally intact birds. To label dividing cells and their progeny, the birds were given [3H]thymidine for 8 days, killed 32 days later, and their brains autoradiographed. A significant rise was noted in the number of HVC neurons per section in estradiol-treated birds relative to the untreated control birds. The number of [3H]thymidine-labeled HVC neurons was also higher in the estrogen-treated birds; however, the neuronal labeling index (LI) did not vary as a function of estradiol replacement, as the total number of HVC neurons rose in parallel with the added new neurons. In contrast, the neuronal LI did rise as a result of ovariectomy, and this ovariectomy-associated increase in the LI was not reversed by estradiol. Among non-neuronal cell types, the endothelial LI was higher in estrogen-treated birds than in their untreated counterparts, suggesting estrogen-associated angiogenesis. Radioimmunoassay confirmed that serum estradiol was reduced in the castrated birds. Since estrogen appeared to promote the survival of [3H]thymidine+ neurons, we next sought to determine whether estrogen acted directly on the newly generated neurons, or rather indirectly through an intermediary cell population. To this end, we asked whether the new neurons or their precursors expressed estrogen receptor immunoreactivity (ER-IR). Five adult male canaries were given [3H]thymidine for periods ranging from 2 to 28 days, killed at varying times up to 3 weeks thereafter, then probed for ER-IR and autoradiographed. [3H]thymidine+ cells displayed no detectable ER-IR within their first 4 weeks of postmitotic life. Rather, during migration from the ventricular zone (VZ), the new neurons traversed a layer of mitotically quiescent, ER+ subventricular cells. Double labeling for ER-IR and cell-type selective antigens confirmed that these ER+ cells were neurons. These results indicate that the early survival of new neurons in the adult songbird HVC is promoted by estrogen, and may be mediated by the estrogen-stimulated paracrine release of neurotrophic agents by ER-IR subventricular neurons. Our data suggest that estrogen's promotion of neuronal survival may operate concurrently with an estrogen-independent ovarian suppression of neuronal mitogenesis.
In Vitro Evaluation of the Inhibitory Potential of Pharmaceutical Excipients on Human Carboxylesterase 1A and 2 (2014)

Two major forms of human carboxylesterase (CES), CES1A and CES2, dominate the pharmacokinetics of most prodrugs such as imidapril and irinotecan (CPT-11). Excipients, largely used as insert vehicles in formulation, have been recently reported to affect drug enzyme activity. The influence of excipients on the activity of CES remains undefined. In this study, the inhibitory effects of 25 excipients on the activities of CES1A1 and CES2 were evaluated. Imidapril and CPT-11 were used as substrates and cultured with liver microsomes in vitro. Imidapril hydrolase activities of recombinant CES1A1 and human liver microsomes (HLM) were strongly inhibited by sodium lauryl sulphate (SLS) and polyoxyl 40 hydrogenated castor oil (RH40) [Inhibition constant (Ki) = 0.04 ± 0.01 μg/ml and 0.20 ± 0.09 μg/ml for CES1A1, and 0.12 ± 0.03 μg/ml and 0.76 ± 0.33 μg/ml, respectively, for HLM]. The enzyme hydrolase activity of recombinant CES2 was substantially inhibited by Tween 20 and polyoxyl 35 castor oil (EL35) (K(i) = 0.93 ± 0.36 μg/ml and 4.4 ± 1.24 μg/ml, respectively). Thus, these results demonstrate that surfactants such as SLS, RH40, Tween 20 and EL35 may attenuate the CES activity; such inhibition should be taken into consideration during drug administration.
Uncovering the molecular basis of viable but non culturable (VBNC) cells (2019)

Viable but non-culturable (VBNC) cells are cells that are metabolically active, but are unable to form colonies on standard culture media. Following environmental stimuli, such as temperature upshift, some VBNC cells can ‘resuscitate’ restoring their ability to grow on media. Currently, over 80 bacterial species are reported to enter the VBNC state. The ability of VBNC cells to go undetected by conventional microbiological practices could lead to an underestimation of total viable cells in environmental and clinical samples. Furthermore, their capacity to retain virulence potential and their ability for renewed metabolic activity means the VBNC state in pathogens may pose a risk to human health and thus warrants further investigation. This research project has investigated the ability of the human pathogen Vibrio parahaemolyticus to form VBNC cells when exposed to stressful conditions. V. parahaemolyticus is a bacterium that is present in the marine environment and can be found in seawater, shellfish (such as oysters and mussels) and in crustacea (such as crab). This bacterium is the leading cause of seafood associated gastroenteritis worldwide and often results in watery/bloody diarrhea and vomiting. We have developed robust models to generate V. parahaemolyticus VBNC cells in the laboratory and report that different sub populations of VBNC cells can occur based upon their metabolic activity, cell shape and the ability to grow and cause disease in Galleria mellonella. Using mass spectrophotometry we have identified several proteins which may play roles in VBNC formation and resuscitation in V. parahaemolyticus .
Raman Spectroscopic Studies of the Thermal Decomposition of Molybdenum Oxide/2,2′-Bipyridine Compounds (1999)

The thermal decompositions of [MoO 3 (2,2′-bipy)], [Mo 2 O 6 (2,2′-bipy)], and [Mo 3 O 9 (2,2′-bipy) 2 ] have been studied by Raman spectroscopy. Upon heating, [MoO 3 (2,2′-bipy)] loses 2,2′-bipyridine and converts to MoO 3 through a stable intermediate, [Mo 2 O 6 (2,2′-bipy)], whereas [Mo 3 O 9 (2,2′-bipy) 2 ] loses 2,2′-bipyridine and transforms to MoO 3 directly. Vibrational assignments for [MoO 3 (2,2′-bipy)], [Mo 2 O 6 (2,2′-bipy)], and [Mo 3 O 9 (2,2′-bipy) 2 ] are proposed.
Relative localization with symmetry preserving observers (2014)

Symmetry preserving observer design is a recently developed approach for deriving estimators which exploits the invariant properties of nonlinear systems. Multi-robot localization is inherently a system operating on SE(3), thereby posing an interesting problem for application of the filter. This paper presents an invariant extended Kalman filter design for the problem of multi-robot relative localization in 2.5D, for application in ground and aerial mobile platforms. A detailed derivation of the invariant filter is presented with numerical results analyzing its performance against a traditional EKF approach to the problem. The tracking errors, stability to random initialization and robustness to changing noise characteristics are evaluated. The strong geometric basis of the filter results in linear Kalman like gain convergence behavior which is desirable for numerical stability and applicability as a low cost scheduled gain observer to the problem.
Pseudomonas aeruginosa activates the quorum sensing LuxR response regulator through secretion of 2-aminoacetophenone (2015)

In this study we identify a volatile compound produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa, which can specifically activate the LuxR quorum-sensing response regulator of Vibrio fischeri. Comparative gas-chromatography analysis between P. aeruginosa wild type and a ΔlasR mutant strain implied that the active volatile is 2-aminoacetophenone. The use of synthetic 2-aminoacetophenone and in silico docking analyses verified the activity of the molecule and provided putative interacting residues within the binding site.
A general constrained shortest path approach for virtual path embedding (2016)

Network virtualization has become a fundamental technology to deliver services for emerging data-intensive applications in fields such as bioinformatics and retail analytics hosted at multi-data center scale. To create and maintain a successful virtual network service, the problem of generating a constrained path manifests both in the management plane with a physical path creation -chains of virtual network functions or virtual link embedding - and in the data plane with on-demand path adaptation - traffic steering with Service Level Objective (SLO) guarantees. In this paper, we define the virtual path embedding problem to subsume the virtual link embedding and the constrained traffic steering problems, and propose a new scheme to solve it optimally. Specifically, we introduce a novel algorithm viz., `Neighborhood Method' (NM) which provides an on-demand path with SLO guarantees while reducing expensive over provisioning. We show that by solving the Virtual Path Embedding problem in a set of diverse topology scenarios we gain up to 20% in network utilization, and up to 150% in energy efficiency, compared to the existing path embedding solutions.
61.5L: Late‐News Paper : Latest Developments in 3D Projection Mapping Systems (2014)

Abstract The current state of the art in projection mapping can produce impressive results, but the workflow processes is quite primitive and complex. The goal was to set out to create a new workflow that is entirely constructed in a 3D environment, to make the 3D projection mapping experience more powerful, flexible, and easier to execute.
2′-5′ Oligoadenylate like (OASL) inhibits interferon induction by inhibiting cGAS activity during DNA virus infection. (2017)

Abstract Oligoadenylate Synthetases-like (OASL) is a type I interferon (IFN)-stimulated gene (ISG). During RNA virus infection OASL promotes IFN induction by augmenting RIG-I activation and inhibits virus replication. Here we report a completely new role of OASL in the context of DNA virus infection. Unlike RNA viruses, human OASL or mouse Oasl2 knockout cells showed reduced replication when infected with DNA viruses such as Vaccinia (VV) and Herpes simplex virus (HSV). Consequently, Oasl2 knockout mice showed delayed and reduced VV spread and mortality as opposed to enhanced virus multiplication and spread with RNA virus such as Vesicular Stomatitis virus. Mechanistically, OASL negatively regulates DNA-sensor-mediated IFN induction in vitro and in vivo. Stimulation of both mouse and human OASL-deficient cells with intracellular DNA showed increased induction of IFN and ISG compared to the Wt cells. However, OASL-deficient cells did not exhibit any difference in IFN induction compared to Wt cells when stimulated with the STING ligand cGAMP, indicating the upstream effect of OASL on cGAS and not on STING stimulation. In vitro immunoprecipitation experiments showed OASL specifically interacted with cGAS, and this interaction is mediated by the OAS domain of OASL protein. Furthermore, this OASL-cGAS interaction led to the inhibition of cGAS enzyme activity and reduced cGAMP production. Together these results establish the unique ability of OASL to differentially modulate RNA and DNA virus replication and IFN induction.
Seakeeping Analysis of a Turret-Moored FPSO by Using Artificial Neural Networks (2003)

Floating offshore structures, particularly floating oil production, storage and offloading systems (FPSOs) are still in great demand, both in small and large reservoirs, for deployment in deep water. The prediction of such vessels’ responses to her environmental loading over her lifetime is now often undertaken using response-based design methodology, although the approach is still in its early stages of development. Determining the vessel’s responses to hydrodynamic loads induced by long term sea environments is essential for implementing this approach effectively. However, it is often not practical to perform a complete simulation for every 3-hour period of environmental data being considered. Therefore, an Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) modelling technique has been developed for the prediction of FPSO’s responses to arbitrary wind, wave and current loads that alleviates this problem. Comparison of results obtained from a conventional mathematical model with those of the ANN-based technique for the case of a 200,000 tdw tanker demonstrates that the approach can successfully predict the vessel’s responses due to arbitrary loads.
On the use of atmospheric pressure plasmas as electromagnetic reflectors and absorbers (1990)

Tenuous man-made plasmas in the Earth's atmosphere from sea level to 100 km are discussed. An ionization source generates a tenuous plasma with an electron number density n/sub e/ that is high near the source and diminishes with distance from the source. After the source shuts off, n/sub e/ decreases as a function of time as electrons recombine with positive ions or attach to negative ions. The electromagnetic properties that are essential to an understanding of these plasmas, which can be modeled as cold collisional plasmas, is discussed. Gas and plasma characteristics, such as momentum-transfer collision rate, plasma lifetime, recombination kinetics, and the effect of noble gases, are presented. Typical collision rates and plasma lifetimes at atmospheric pressure are quantified. Applications for a plasma with a gradient are discussed. They include a high-altitude plasma that can reflect or absorb from HF to VHF and a broadband atmospheric pressure absorber. The generation and use of plasma, including electron impact ionization with a high-energy electron-beam source and UV photoionization of an alkali vapor or an organic vapor such as tetrakis (dimethylamino)ethylene (TMAE), is described. The power required to sustain a plasma is quantified, and properties such as maximum absorption and bandwidth are discussed. Tradeoffs among maximum absorption, absorption bandwidth, duty ratio, and applied power permit optimization of absorption primarily at VHF.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Expression of the renal 25-hydroxyvitamin D-24-hydroxylase gene: regulation by dietary phosphate (1996)

1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1,25(OH)2D3] plays a key role in phosphate (Pi) homeostasis through its phosphatemic actions on intestine and bone. In turn, dietary Pi restriction increases serum 1,25(OH)2D3 by stimulating its production, but its effect on vitamin D catabolism is less clear. Here we have examined the effects of dietary Pi on the expression of the renal vitamin D-24-hydroxylase (24-OHase), the first enzyme in the catabolic pathway for vitamin D compounds. Rats fed a low Pi (0.02% P) diet showed a fivefold decrease in renal 24-OHase mRNA compared with rats fed a normal Pi (0.67% P) diet. 24-OHase mRNA and 24-OHase activity decreased within 24 h of Pi restriction, reached a minimum by 48 h, and remained low through 14 days. Decreased 24-OHase mRNA was observed with more moderate Pi restriction (0.2% P), but higher Pi (1.2% P) did not increase 24-OHase mRNA over the 0.8% P diet. 24-OHase mRNA correlated well with plasma Pi (r = 0.862, P < 0.001). In conclusion, renal 24-OHase expression is regulated by dietary phosphate at the mRNA level.
A code division multiplexing scheme for satellite digital audio broadcasting (1999)

Several systems are being considered for digital audio broadcasting (DAB) and some of these systems will be deployed for commercial use. In this paper, we consider a code division multiplex (CDM) scheme for satellite DAB. For diversity purposes, this system makes use of at least two satellites, and in urban areas, where the satellite signals are shadowed by large structures, a terrestrial network is employed. We present a forward error protection (FEC) scheme that is robust under a variety of channel conditions, especially in cases where the received signal is severely attenuated because of highway underpasses and tunnels. This FEC scheme makes use of time diversity, and this introduces a large delay. Such delays will not affect the performance of broadcast systems; however, the delay will be an issue during tuning when a switch to another channel occurs. We introduce a separate low-delay low-rate tuning channel to facilitate tuning. Extensive simulation results are given to examine the performance of the system, and it is shown that about 70 audio channels, each with a rate of 96 kbit/s, can be satisfactorily supported in a bandwidth of approximately 12.5 MHz in most of the channel conditions considered.
Compression function design of secure hash algorithm based on block cipher (2012)

The basic criteria of a secure hash algorithm were analyzed for resisting the brute-force and cryptanalysis attacks. The finite field operations and the structures of the strong symmetric block cipher were studied. The applications for compression function in secure hash algorithm were also explored and a secure hash algorithm based on it was designed. According to the structure of strong symmetric block cipher, the irreversible iterated compression function based on the operations of finite fields and bit was designed, and the hash value of 256 bits was used in the algorithm.
Metal chelating crosslinkers form nanogels with high chelation stability (2013)

We present a series of hydrogel nanoparticles (nanogels) incorporating either acyclic or cyclic metal chelates as crosslinkers. These crosslinkers are used to formulate polyacrylamide-based nanogels (diameter 50 to 85 nm) yielding contrast agents with enhanced relaxivities (up to 6-fold greater than Dotarem®), because this nanogel structure slows the chelator's tumbling frequency and allows fast water exchange. Importantly, these nanogels also stabilize Gd<sup>3+</sup> within the chelator thermodynamically and kinetically against metal displacement through transmetallation, which should reduce toxicity associated with release of free Gd<sup>3+</sup>. This chelation stability suggests that the chelate crosslinker strategy may prove useful for other applications of metal-chelating nanoparticles in medicine, including other imaging modalities and radiotherapy.
Modelling H.264/AVC sensivitity for error protection in wireless transmissions (2006)

A simple method is proposed to optimise the protection levels on the different parts of an H.264/AVC bitstream for transmission over an error-prone channel. This method relies on a semi-analytical model of the video stream sensitivity, that allows to predict the resulting distortion depending on the channel errors viewed by the video decoder. Valid for a frame, a partition or a group of pictures (GOP) by taking into account the dependencies existing between partitions and frames, the model allows to set the adapted protection for each partition or frame to minimise the overall sequence distortion for a given erroneous context by joint source channel optimisation of the compression and protection mechanisms. The method is then applied to determine the best trade-off of channel and source coding rates for a given operating point or protection rate, with equal or unequal error protection
Technical Design Report for the Upgrade of the ALICE Inner Tracking System (2014)

ALICE (A Large Ion Collider Experiment) is preparing a major upgrade of its experimental apparatus, planned for installation in the second long LHC shutdown (LS2) in the years 2018-2019. These plans are presented in the ALICE Upgrade Letter of Intent submitted to the LHCC in September 2012. A key element of the upgrade is the construction of a new, ultra-light, high-resolution Inner Tracking System based on monolithic pixel detectors. This Technical Design Report is an update of the Conceptual Design Report for the Upgrade of the ALICE Inner Tracking System, which was presented to the LHCC in September 2012. The primary focus of the ITS upgrade is on the improved performance for detection of heavy-flavour hadrons, and of thermal photons and low-mass di-electrons emitted by the QGP. The Conceptual Design Report demonstrated that it is possible to build a new silicon tracker with greatly improved features in terms of determination of the distance of closest approach to the primary vertex, tracking efficiency at low transverse momenta, and read-out rate capabilities. This document presents an update of R&amp;D activities, with particular focus on the technical implementation of the main detector components, and detector and physics performance. The detector performance and physics studies are based on Monte Carlo simulations that include the transport of particles in a detailed model of the new detector.
High-resolution frequency detection with multiple AWGs and post-processing for multi-channel fiber sensors (2017)

We propose two kinds of simple frequency detection methods. One consists of cascaded AWGs with different frequency intervals. The other consists of frequency-shifted two kinds of A WGs and a post processing circuit.
Glutathione and the Regulation of Apoptosis in the Nervous System (2018)

Introduction An in Vitro Model of Glutathione-Depletion-Induced Death in Primary Neurons and Neuroblastoma Cells Oxidative Stress, Glutathione, and the Nervous System Glutathione and Apoptosis in the Nervous System Glutathione Depletion Leads to Apoptotic Neuronal Death in Embryonic Cortical Neurons Macromolecular Synthesis Inhibitors Prevent Glutathione-Depletion-Induced Apoptosis in Embryonic Cortical Neurons by Shunting Cysteine from Protein Synthesis to Glutathione Glutathione Depletion and Oxidative Stress: A Common Pathway of Apoptotic Death in the Nervous System? Sindbis Virus Induces Neuronal Apoptosis in a Bcl-2-Sensitive Manner Structure and Replication of Sindbis Virus The Antioxidant N-Acetylcysteine Blocks Glutathione-Depletion-Induced Death and Sindvis Virus-Induced Death N-Acetylcysteine Inhibits Sindbis-Virus-Induced and Growth-Factor-Deprivation-Induced Apoptosis Independent of Glutathione Synthesis Summary References
Clinical decision-support systems for intensive care units using case-based reasoning (2000)

The artificial intelligence approach used in this work focusses on case-based reasoning techniques for the estimation of medical outcomes and resource utilization. The systems were designed with a view to help medical and nursing personnel to assess patient status, assist in making a diagnosis, and facilitate the selection of a course of therapy. The initial prototype provided information on the closest-matching patient cases to the newest patient admission in an adult intensive care unit (ICU). The system was subsequently re-designed for use in a neonatal ICU. The results of a short clinical pilot evaluation performed in both adult and neonatal units are reported and have led to substantial improvement of the prototype. Future work will include longer-term clinical trials for both adult and neonatal ICUs, once all the software changes have been made to both prototypes in response to the comments of the users made during the preliminary evaluations. To date, the results are very encouraging and physician interest in the potential clinical usefulness of these two systems remains high, and particularly so in the new testing environment in Ottawa.