gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effect of inlet swirl on the performance of annular diffusers having the same equivalent cone angle (2006)

Annular diffusers are an integral component of the gas turbine engines of high-speed aircraft. These facilitate effective operation of the combustor by reducing the total pressure loss. The performance characteristics of these diffusers depend on their geometry and the inlet conditions. The present investigation attempts to select the range of the inlet swirl intensity for the best performance of annular diffusers with different geometries but having the same equivalent cone angle. This is analysed on the basis of the static pressure recovery and total pressure loss coefficients. The results show that the parallel diverging hub and casing annular diffuser produces the best performance at high-swirl intensities.
Multidimensional Access Methods: Trees Have Grown Everywhere (1997)

This paper is a survey of work and issues on multidimensional search trees. We provide a classification of such methods, we describe the related algorithms, we present performance analysis efforts, and finally outline future research directions. Multi-dimensional search trees and Spatial Access Methods, in general, are designed to handle spatial objects, like points, line segments, polygons, polyhedra etc. The goal is to support spatial queries, such as nearest neighbors queries (find all cities within 10 miles from Washington D.C.), or range queries (find all the lakes on earth, within 30 and 40 degrees of latitude), and so on. The applications are numerous, including traditional database multi-attribute indexing, Geographic Information Systems and spatial database systems, and indexing multimedia databases by content. $‘rom the spatial databases viewpoint we can dist,inguish between two major classes of access methods:
ROLE OF ORGANIC CATION TRANSPORTERS IN DRUG ABSORPTION AND ELIMINATION (1998)

Organic cation transporters are critical in drug absorption, targeting, and disposition. It has become increasingly clear that multiple mechanisms are involved in organic cation transport in the key tissues responsible for drug absorption and disposition: the kidney, liver, and intestine. In this review, we discuss current models of transepithelial flux of organic cations in these three tissues. Particular emphasis is placed on the more recent molecular studies that have paved the way for a more complete understanding of the physiological and pharmacological roles of the organic cation transporters. Such information is essential in predicting pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics and in the design and development of cationic drugs.
Burning Rate, Mechanical and Rheological Properties of HIPS-PET and Clay Nanocomposites (2008)

We analyze the effect of montmorillonite clay nanoparticles on the burning rate (BR), mechanical and rheological properties of high-impact polystyrene (HIPS) and blends of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and HIPS produced by a twin-screw extrusion process. It is found that the BR of the HIPS-PET system is considerably reduced at relatively high clay concentrations. On the other hand, the increase in clay concentration in the HIPS matrix none leads to an unexpected rise in the BR. The degradation temperature is determined by measurements of complex viscosity as a function of temperature. It is found that degradation temperature decreases with clay concentration, particularly in the HIPS-PET-clay nanocomposite, diminishing by 28°C with respect to that of HIPS at high clay contents. This low degradation temperature means that a char layer is formed at lower temperatures, so the BR decreases as well. Mechanical properties are also affected, such as the fracture strain.
Oligomers of Heat-Shock Proteins: Structures That Don’t Imply Function (2016)

Most proteins must remain soluble in the cytosol in order to perform their biological functions. To protect against undesired protein aggregation, living cells maintain a population of molecular chaperones that ensure the solubility of the proteome. Here we report simulations of a lattice model of interacting proteins to understand how low concentrations of passive molecular chaperones, such as small heat-shock proteins, suppress thermodynamic instabilities in protein solutions. Given fixed concentrations of chaperones and client proteins, the solubility of the proteome can be increased by tuning the chaperone-client binding strength. Surprisingly, we find that the binding strength that optimizes solubility while preventing irreversible chaperone binding also promotes the formation of weakly bound chaperone oligomers, although the presence of these oligomers does not significantly affect the thermodynamic stability of the solution. Such oligomers are commonly observed in experiments on small heat-shock proteins, but their connection to the biological function of these chaperones has remained unclear. Our simulations suggest that this clustering may not have any essential biological function, but rather emerges as a natural side-effect of optimizing the thermodynamic stability of the proteome.
A simpler implementation and analysis of Chazelle's Soft Heaps (2009)

Chazelle (JACM 47(6), 2000) devised an approximate meldable priority queue data structure, called Soft Heaps, and used it to obtain the fastest known deterministic comparison-based algorithm for computing minimum spanning trees, as well as some new algorithms for selection and approximate sorting problems. If n elements are inserted into a collection of soft heaps, then up to ∊n of the elements still contained in these heaps, for a given error parameter ∊, may be corrupted, i.e., have their keys artificially increased. In exchange for allowing these corruptions, each soft heap operation is performed in O(log-) amortized time. Chazelle's soft heaps are derived from the binomial heaps data structure in which each priority queue is composed of a collection of binomial trees. We describe a simpler and more direct implementation of soft heaps in which each priority queue is composed of a collection of standard binary trees. Our implementation has the advantage that no clean-up operations similar to the ones used in Chazelle's implementation are required. We also present a concise and unified potential-based amortized analysis of the new implementation.
Chemotaxis of Mouse Bone Marrow Neutrophils and Dendritic Cells Is Controlled by ADP-Ribose, the Major Product Generated by the CD38 Enzyme Reaction (2007)

The ectoenzyme CD38 catalyzes the production of cyclic ADP-ribose (cADPR) and ADP-ribose (ADPR) from its substrate, NAD(+). Both products of the CD38 enzyme reaction play important roles in signal transduction, as cADPR regulates calcium release from intracellular stores and ADPR controls cation entry through the plasma membrane channel TRPM2. We previously demonstrated that CD38 and the cADPR generated by CD38 regulate calcium signaling in leukocytes stimulated with some, but not all, chemokines and controls leukocyte migration to inflammatory sites. However, it is not known whether the other CD38 product, ADPR, also regulates leukocyte trafficking In this study we characterize 8-bromo (8Br)-ADPR, a novel compound that specifically inhibits ADPR-activated cation influx without affecting other key calcium release and entry pathways. Using 8Br-ADPR, we demonstrate that ADPR controls calcium influx and chemotaxis in mouse neutrophils and dendritic cells activated through chemokine receptors that rely on CD38 and cADPR for activity, including mouse FPR1, CXCR4, and CCR7. Furthermore, we show that the calcium and chemotactic responses of leukocytes are not dependent on poly-ADP-ribose polymerase 1 (PARP-1), another potential source of ADPR in some leukocytes. Finally, we demonstrate that NAD(+) analogues specifically block calcium influx and migration of chemokine-stimulated neutrophils without affecting PARP-1-dependent calcium responses. Collectively, these data identify ADPR as a new and important second messenger of mouse neutrophil and dendritic cell migration, suggest that CD38, rather than PARP-1, may be an important source of ADPR in these cells, and indicate that inhibitors of ADPR-gated calcium entry, such as 8Br-ADPR, have the potential to be used as anti-inflammatory agents.
A Mouse Model of Amyloid β Oligomers: Their Contribution to Synaptic Alteration, Abnormal Tau Phosphorylation, Glial Activation, and Neuronal Loss In Vivo (2010)

Although amyloid beta (Abeta) oligomers are presumed to cause synaptic and cognitive dysfunction in Alzheimer's disease (AD), their contribution to other pathological features of AD remains unclear. To address the latter, we generated APP transgenic mice expressing the E693Delta mutation, which causes AD by enhanced Abeta oligomerization without fibrillization. The mice displayed age-dependent accumulation of intraneuronal Abeta oligomers from 8 months but no extracellular amyloid deposits even at 24 months. Hippocampal synaptic plasticity and memory were impaired at 8 months, at which time the presynaptic marker synaptophysin began to decrease. Furthermore, we detected abnormal tau phosphorylation from 8 months, microglial activation from 12 months, astrocyte activation from 18 months, and neuronal loss at 24 months. These findings suggest that Abeta oligomers cause not only synaptic alteration but also other features of AD pathology and that these mice are a useful model of Abeta oligomer-induced pathology in the absence of amyloid plaques.
Immune Response as a Biomarker for Cancer Detection and a Lot More (2005)

In 2000, the American Cancer Society inaugurated a yearly report on guidelines for cancer detection. The latest update, published in 2005,1 is identical to the previous versions in its recommendation regarding screening techniques that have not changed in decades. An especially striking feature of the recommendations is the continued absence of any mention of laboratory tests that should be readily available, considering the explosion of knowledge in cancer biology, molecular biology, genetics, and immunology. The scientific literature is full of articles heralding the potential of genomics,2 proteomics,3 metabolomics,4 and other “omics” for the improvement of the diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis . . .
Field Application of a Newly Developed Personal Nanoparticle Sampler to Selected Metalworking Operations (2013)

A personal nanoparticle sampler (PENS) that simultaneously collects respirable particles (< 4 μm) and nanoparticles (< 0.1 μm) has recently been developed and calibrated in the laboratory. This study aims to evaluate the performance of the PENS in the workplace, and to determine the exposure characteristics during selected metalworking operations. Metal polishing/buffing, spot welding, and milling operations were selected to represent sources of solid metal particles, fume aggregates and metalworking fluid mists, respectively. In each operation, personal samples of a side-by-side PENS and SKC respirable dust aluminum cyclone were taken concurrently with ambient particle number size distribution measurements. The PENS-measured respirable particle mass concentrations (PM4) showed remarkable accuracy with respect to the reference SKC cyclone, regardless of particle type. The PENS-derived nanoparticle effective densities agreed reasonably well with the bulk densities expected for the substrate and materials in use. During the metalworking operations, the nanoparticle mass concentrations (PM0.1) were poorly associated with the PM4 but strongly correlated with the ambient nanoparticle number concentrations (PN0.1), due to the persistent, elevated levels of nanoparticles formed during the operations. Overall, these results suggest that the PENS is applicable for use in the workplace to assess respirable and nanoparticle personal exposure, and that metal polishing/buffing, welding and milling generate a considerable amount of nanoparticles.
Active gateway: a facility for video conferencing traffic control (2002)

The paper describes the authors' work of applying active network technology to videoconferencing (VC) research. They present the architecture and features of an application-level facility, called active gateway, for videoconferencing traffic and quality of service (QoS) control. It is shown through experiments that this facility enables more control functions that are not seen in conventional videoconferencing tools.
Power and performance of read-write aware hybrid caches with non-volatile memories (2009)

Caches made of non-volatile memory technologies, such as Magnetic RAM (MRAM) and Phase-change RAM (PRAM), offer dramatically different power-performance characteristics when compared with SRAM-based caches, particularly in the areas of static/dynamic power consumption, read and write access latency and cell density. In this paper, we propose to take advantage of the best characteristics that each technology has to offer through the use of read-write aware Hybrid Cache Architecture (RWHCA) designs, where a single level of cache can be partitioned into read and write regions, each of a different memory technology with disparate read and write characteristics. We explore the potential of hardware support for intra-cache data movement within RWHCA caches. Utilizing a full-system simulator that has been validated against real hardware, we demonstrate that a RWHCA design with a conservative setup can provide a geometric mean 55% power reduction and yet 5% IPC improvement over a baseline SRAM cache design across a collection of 30 workloads. Furthermore, a 2-layer 3D cache stack (3DRWHCA) of high density memory technology with the same chip footprint still gives 10% power reduction and boost performance by 16% IPC improvement over the baseline.
Class AB amplifier with noise reduction, speed boost, gain enhancement, and ultra low power (2018)

This paper presents an approach that improves the cost-performance of an amplifier whose output noise (Vonoise) is lowered by narrow-banding filtering it, while slew rate (SR) and settling time (ts) are enhanced, when an imbalance is detected at the amplifier's input (V <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">IN</inf> ) via a rail-to-rail (RR) minimum-current-selector (MCS). The contributions of the proposed circuit are (1) increasing the amplifier's gain without impeding its dynamic response by implementing a boot-strapped gain stage in a folded cascode transconductance amplifier, or FCTA (2) lowering V <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">ONOISE</inf> and enhancing the amplifier's dynamic response, with a smaller size suppression capacitor, or C <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">S</inf> , which lowers die cost and reduces the boost current consumption, or IDD (3) enhancing the amplifier's SR and ts, lowering the dynamic I <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">DD</inf> , and improving the amplifier's power supply rejection, during the boost cycles, by utilizing a complementary MCS and a floating current summation, or FCS, circuits. Worst case simulations (WC), and Monte Carlo simulations (MC) simulations demonstrate the following: gain (Av) ∼ 120dB, ts ∼ 7μs to +/− 10mV with a rail-to-rail (RR) 1.5V step at V <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">IN</inf> , V <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">ONOISE</inf> at 1kHz ∼ 9μV/√Hz, unity gain band-width (fu) ∼5kHz, phase margin (PM) ∼ 80 degrees, current consumption (I <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">DD</inf> ) ∼180nA, minimum operating V <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">DD</inf> ∼1.2V, power supply rejection ratio (PSRR) ∼ 94dB, common mode rejection ratio (CMRR) ∼ 125dB. Approximate amplifier area is ∼70 μm/side in 0.18μm digital CMOS.
Identification of novel SNPs of ABCD1, ABCD2, ABCD3, and ABCD4 genes in patients with X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy (ALD) based on comprehensive resequencing and association studies with ALD phenotypes (2010)

Adrenoleukodystrophy (ALD) is an X-linked disorder affecting primarily the white matter of the central nervous system occasionally accompanied by adrenal insufficiency. Despite the discovery of the causative gene, ABCD1, no clear genotype-phenotype correlations have been established. Association studies based on single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) identified by comprehensive resequencing of genes related to ABCD1 may reveal genes modifying ALD phenotypes. We analyzed 40 Japanese patients with ALD. ABCD1 and ABCD2 were analyzed using a newly developed microarray-based resequencing system. ABCD3 and ABCD4 were analyzed by direct nucleotide sequence analysis. Replication studies were conducted on an independent French ALD cohort with extreme phenotypes. All the mutations of ABCD1 were identified, and there was no correlation between the genotypes and phenotypes of ALD. SNPs identified by the comprehensive resequencing of ABCD2, ABCD3, and ABCD4 were used for association studies. There were no significant associations between these SNPs and ALD phenotypes, except for the five SNPs of ABCD4, which are in complete disequilibrium in the Japanese population. These five SNPs were significantly less frequently represented in patients with adrenomyeloneuropathy (AMN) than in controls in the Japanese population (p=0.0468), whereas there were no significant differences in patients with childhood cerebral ALD (CCALD). The replication study employing these five SNPs on an independent French ALD cohort, however, showed no significant associations with CCALD or pure AMN. This study showed that ABCD2, ABCD3, and ABCD4 are less likely the disease-modifying genes, necessitating further studies to identify genes modifying ALD phenotypes.
Model Performance Improvement (2018)

Model performance is a broad term generally used to measure how the model performs on a new dataset, usually a test dataset. The performance metrics also play the role of thresholds to decide whether the model can be put into actual decision making systems or needs improvements. In the previous chapter, we discussed some performance metrics for our continuous and discrete cases. In this chapter, we discuss how changing the modeling process can help us improve model performance on the metrics.
Direct kinematic solution of a Stewart platform (1990)

The Stewart platform is a fully parallel, six-degree-of-freedom manipulator mechanism. Although its inverse kinematics have been extensively studied, no solutions to the direct position kinematics problem have been previously presented in the literature. A solution of the direct kinematics problem of the case in which the six limbs form three concurrent pairs at either the base or the hand member is presented. Even though it is not the most general possible configuration, this case does include many arrangements that have been used in practical robot mechanisms.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
DETECTION OF PHYCOBILIN PIGMENTS AND THEIR SEASONAL CHANGE IN LAKE KASUMIGAURA USING A SENSITIVE IN SITU FLUOROMETRIC SENSOR (2001)

A two-channel fluorometric sensor system for the detection of the water bloom phytoplankton Microcystis aeruginosa has been developed. Excitation wavelengths of 620 nm and 440 nm were used; the former for detecting the cyanobacteria themselves, and the latter for subtracting the interference due to eukaryotic algae present in the sample. The fluorescence of the cyanobacteria and eukaryotic algae was measured at 645 nm and 680 nm, respectively. Applied to real samples from Lake Kasumigaura, Japan, after ultrasonication, this fluorometric method is capable of the rapid determination of phycocyanin. We used this sensor system for monitoring surface water in Lake Kasumigaura in 9 months in laboratory experiments. Moreover, an automatic device based on this system was used for the continuous in situ monitoring of phycocyanin in lakewater. As expected, higher levels of phycocyanin due to cyanobacteria were observed, compared to chlorophyll a due to eukaryotic algae in summer.
Functional expression of a vacuolar-type H+-ATPase in the plasma membrane and intracellular vacuoles of Trypanosoma cruzi (1998)

Acid-loaded Trypanosoma cruzi amastigotes and trypomastigotes regained normal cytoplasmic pH (pHi), as measured in cells loaded with 2',7'-bis-(2-carboxyethyl)-5(6)-carboxyfluorescein (BCECF), by a process that was sensitive to bafilomycin A1 at concentrations comparable to those that inhibited vacuolar (V) H+-ATPases from different sources. Steady-state pHi was also decreased by similar concentrations of bafilomycin A1 in a concentration-dependent manner. The efflux of H+ equivalents from amastigotes and trypomastigotes was measured by following changes in the fluorescence of extracellular BCECF. Basal H+ extrusion in the presence of glucose was 15.4+/-2.8 (S.D.) nmol of H+/min per 10(8) amastigotes and 6. 37+/-0.8 nmol of H+/min per 10(8) trypomastigotes. Bafilomycin A1 treatment significantly decreased the efflux of H+ equivalents by amastigotes (8.9+/-2.2 nmol of H+/min per 10(8) cells), but not by trypomastigotes (5.1+/-1.7 nmol of H+/min per 10(8) cells). The localization of the V-H+-ATPase of T. cruzi was investigated by immunocytochemistry. Confocal and electron microscopy indicated that, in addition to being located in cytoplasmic vacuoles, the V-H+-ATPase of different stages of T. cruzi is also located in the plasma membrane. However, no labelling was detected in the plasma membrane lining the flagellar pocket of the different developmental stages. Surface localization of the V-H+-ATPase was confirmed by experiments involving the biotinylation of cell surface proteins and immunoprecipitation with antibodies against the V-H+-ATPase. Taken together, the results are consistent with the presence of a functional V-H+-ATPase in the plasma membrane of amastigotes and with an important role for intracellular acidic compartments in the maintenance of pHi in different stages of T. cruzi.
Potential Purine Antagonists. XV. Preparation of Some 6,8-Disubstituted Purines1 (1958)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPotential Purine Antagonists. XV. Preparation of Some 6,8-Disubstituted Purines1Roland K. RobinsCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1958, 80, 24, 6671–6679Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1958Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1958https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01557a051RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views493Altmetric-Citations64LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (1 MB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts