gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Capacity Recovery Effect in Lithium Sulfur Batteries for Electric Vehicles (2018)

Lithium sulfur batteries have a promisingly high theoretical specific energy density of about 2600 Wh/kg and an expected practical specific energy density of about 500–600 Wh/kg. Therefore, it is a highly promising future energy storage technology for electric vehicles. Beside these advantages, this technology shows a low cell capacity at high discharge currents. Due to the capacity recovery effect, up to 20 % of the total cell capacity becomes available again with some rest time. This study shows a newly-developed capacity recovery model for lithium sulfur batteries. Due to the long rest periods of electric vehicles, this effect has an important influence on the usable cell capacity and depth of discharge in lithium sulfur batteries.
Comparison of Bioimpedance Techniques to Detect Changes in Fluid Status in Hemodialysis Patients (2014)

CNR is more sensitive than whole-body BIS for detecting differences in fluid status.
Investigation of forward transient characteristics of vertical GaN-on-GaN p-n diodes (2016)

Transient characteristics of vertical GaN diodes fabricated on bulk GaN substrates are investigated. When forward biasing the diodes using discrete pulses, the results yield quasi-static I-V curves with two different on-resistances and two turn-on stages. Transient waveforms measured at different voltages are then used to explain the observed behavior and underlying physics. A relatively large overshoot voltage is also observed at the very beginning of the transient voltage waveform, indicating that a relatively long time is required to transition the GaN diode from the high to low resistance state.
Vehicle License Plate Character Segmentation (2008)

Vehicle license plate (VLP) character segmentation is an important part of the vehicle license plate recognition system (VLPRS). This paper proposes a least square method (LSM) to treat horizontal tilt and vertical tilt in VLP images. Auxiliary lines are added into the image (or the tilt-corrected image) to make the separated parts of each Chinese character to be an interconnected region. The noise regions will be eliminated after two fusing images are merged according to the minimum principle of gray values.Then, the characters are segmented by projection method (PM) and the final character images are obtained. The experimental results show that this method features fast processing and good performance in segmentation.
Environmental High Frequency Characterization of Fabrics Based on a Novel Surrogate Modelling Antenna Technique (2013)

Wearable antennas are mostly constructed from fabric or foam, whereas e-textiles are often used as conductive parts. A design obstacle is the lack of knowledge about the electromagnetic properties of these materials. Moreover, most of these fabrics exhibit electromagnetic properties that depend on prevailing atmospheric conditions. In this work, we present a dedicated characterization method to determine the complex permittivity of fabrics or foams, as well as the effective conductivity of e-textiles, and this as a function of relative humidity. The method extracts the constitutive parameters by comparing measured and simulated antenna figures of merit such as input impedance and antenna efficiency. This inverse problem is solved using a surrogate-based optimization technique as implemented in the Surrogate Modeling Toolbox, yielding a fast and accurate characterization. The method is evaluated by characterizing six materials which are exposed to relative humidity levels ranging from 10% to 90%. From the extracted complex permittivities of the six materials, two-phase dielectric mixing models based on the volumetric fractions of the absorbed moisture in the substrates are developed and evaluated in terms of accuracy. For the materials exhibiting a high sensitivity to moisture, the model is observed to be less accurate. However, the worst model accuracy is shown to be comparable with the estimated accuracy of the characterization procedure. For materials with low sensitivity to moisture, the model fits the measured values very well.
Copolymerization of ethylene and α-olefins with combined metallocene catalysts. III. Production of polyolefins with controlled microstructures (2000)

The distributions of the molecular weight (MWD) and chemical composition of polyolefins can be controlled by the combination of two or more metallocenes from the knowledge of the behavior of each individual metallocene. Polyolefins with bimodal MWDs and a higher comonomer content in high molecular weight chains have physical properties suitable for advanced applications such as pipes for gas and water distributions. With conventional Ziegler–Natta catalysts, this type of polymer resin is produced only by tandem reactor technology in which two or more polymerization reactors are used in series. With combined metallocene catalysts, similar polymer resins can be produced in a single reactor. The versatility of these combined metallocene catalysts is investigated in this article. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci A: Polym Chem 38: 1427–1432, 2000
Proteomic strategies in the search for novel pancreatic cancer biomarkers and drug targets: recent advances and clinical impact (2016)

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the deadliest cancers; despite a low incidence rate it is the fourth leading cause of cancer-related death in the world. Improvement of the diagnosis, prognosis and treatment remains the main focus of pancreatic cancer research. Rapid developments in proteomic technologies has improved our understanding of the pancreatic cancer proteome. Here, the authors summarise the recent proteomic strategies undertaken in the search for: novel biomarkers for early diagnosis, pancreatic cancer-specific proteins which may be used for novel targeted therapies and proteins which may be useful for monitoring disease progression post-therapy. Recent advances and findings discussed here provide great promise of having a significant clinical impact and improving the outcome of patients with this malignancy.
The evolution of functional complexity within the β-amylase gene family in land plants (2019)

BAM proteins originated sometime more than 400 million years ago and expanded together with the differentiation of plants into organisms of increasing complexity. Our phylogenetic analyses provide essential insights for future functional studies of this important class of storage glucan hydrolases and regulatory proteins.
Total Suspended Solids: Is It for Real? (2008)

Stormwater treatment device selection is largely governed by regulatory compliance. Often stormwater management strategies are selected to comply with a regulatory performance requirement rather than being designed based upon actual performance characteristics of the systems. While technical performance evaluation of stormwater treatment devices is an evolving science, regulatory guidelines struggle to keep in step with regional demands for information. A discussion of the origin of a TSS performance standard and its potential limitations is presented against a comprehensive statistical analysis of pollutant relationship patterns of influent and effluent water quality across a range of stormwater management practices. Complex pollutant relationships, or lack-there-of, suggest that In the future we will need to integrate our stormwater designs into the building blocks of regional watershed improvement strategies with careful attention to altered hydrology. One effective means for addressing this is by implementing innovative BMPs employing some form of filtration or infiltration mechanisms. Selection criteria that possess a foundation in regional watershed protection objectives need to be advanced using standards of performance that examine the fundamental causes of watershed impairment, namely altered hydrology.
A divide and conquer deformable contour method with a model based searching algorithm (2003)

A divide and conquer deformable contour method is presented with an initial inside closed contour being divided into arbitrary segments, and these segments are allowed to deform separately preserving the segments' connectivity. A maximum area threshold, A/sub max/, is used to stop these outward contour segments' marching. Clear and blur contour points are then identified to partition the whole contour into clear and blur segments. A bi-directional searching method is then recursively applied to each blur segment including a search for contour-within-contour segment to reach a final close contour. Further improvements are provided by a model based searching algorithm. It is a two-step process with step 1 being a linked contour model matching operation where landmarks are extracted, and step 2 being a posteriori probability model matching and correction operation where large error segments are fine tuned to obtain the final results. The experiments include ultrasound images of pig heart, MRI brain images, MRI knee images having complex shapes with or without gaps, and inhomogeneous interior and contour region brightness distributions. These experiments have shown that the method has the capability of moving a contour into the neighboring region of the desired boundary by overcoming inhomogeneous interior, and by adapting each contour segment searching operation to different local difficulties, through a contour partition and repartition scheme in searching for a final solution.
Effect of Field Triage Training on Emergency Medical Technicians in Taipei City. (2021)

Injury is a leading cause of death among young adults. An accurately implemented fi led triage scheme (FTS) by emergency medical technicians (EMTs) is the first step for delivering right patients to the right hospital. However, the training effect of FTS on EMTs with different levels and backgrounds has scarcely been reported. We evaluated training effects of FTS among EMTs in Taipei. Standard FTS contains physiologic status, anatomical sites of injury, and mechanism of injury criteria. The intervention was a 30-minute lecture and pre-and-post tests, each containing five questions about trauma severity judgment (i.e., mechanism of injury [2 questions], anatomic sites of injury [2 questions], and physiological status [1 question]). The change in EMT accuracy was measured before and after training. Subgroup analyses were performed across EMTs with different levels and seniorities. From September 1, 2015 to March 31, 2016, 821 EMTs were enrolled, including 740 EMT-intermediates and 81 paramedics. Overall, EMT accuracy improved after the intervention in the intermediate (73.2% vs. 85.5%, p < 0.05) and paramedic (76.0% vs. 85.7%, p <0.01) groups. All trainees showed improvements in physiology and mechanism criteria, but paramedics showed decreased accuracy in anatomic criteria. The subgroup analysis showed that accuracy positively associated with prehospital care experience for major trauma cases 1 year before the training course, and the anatomical criterion accuracy was adversely associated with paramedic seniority. Field triage training can improve EMT accuracy for FTS. The anatomical aspect is more diffi cult to improve and should be emphasized in FTS training courses.
Bone Morphogenetic Protein-4 Regulation in Fibrodysplasia Ossificans Progressiva (2003)

Fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva is a rare genetic disorder in which connective tissues are replaced with heterotopic bone through an endochondral process. Bone morphogenetic protein-4 messenger ribonucleic acid and protein levels are elevated in the cells of patients with fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva, but the molecular mechanism of this steady-state elevation is unknown. Nuclear run-on assays and messenger ribonucleic acid stability assays were done to examine the molecular mechanisms of increased bone morphogenetic protein-4 messenger ribonucleic acid. The bone morphogenetic protein-4 transcription rate in patient cells was found to be enhanced fivefold to sevenfold over normal control cells, suggesting that elevated steady-state levels of this transcript were attributable at least in part to an enhancement in transcription initiation. The stability of bone morphogenetic protein-4 messenger ribonucleic acid was found to be similar for patient and control cells and to have an extremely brief half-life, with bone morphogenetic protein-4 messenger ribonucleic acid almost completely decayed (75%) by 40 minutes. This unusually brief half-life suggests that a high fidelity control over temporal expression of the bone morphogenetic protein 4-message can be maintained. The data document that enhanced transcription rather than increased messenger ribonucleic acid stability is responsible for the elevation in steady-state levels of bone morphogenetic protein-4 messenger ribonucleic acid, and suggest that an inappropriate enhancement of the rate of bone morphogenetic protein-4 transcription plays a critical role in the molecular pathophysiology of fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva.
Continuously regulated series capacitor (1993)

A new method for the continuous regulation of series reactive power compensation is presented. The two control circuits proposed consist of capacitor banks inserted in a transmission line and are controlled by bidirectional gate turn-off switches. The level of compensation is controlled by varying the on and off time of the GTO switch. To avoid current surges the switch is turned on before the capacitor voltage is zero. The feasibility of this method is verified by transient analysis and by measurements on a small-scale model. The advantage of the proposed method is the fast and continuous regulation of series compensation. A circuit can be built with available components and can be used for impedance control and oscillation reduction.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Integration of Protein Abundance and Structure Data Reveals Competition in the ErbB Signaling Network (2013)

The mechanisms of context-specific differences in signal transduction, such as those that occur among different cell types, are not fully understood. One possibility is that differences in the abundance of proteins change signaling outputs because these proteins compete for binding to hub proteins at critical network branch points. Focusing on the ErbB signaling, we created a protein interaction network that included information about protein domains and analyzed the role of competing protein interactions. By leveraging three-dimensional protein structures to infer steric interactions among binding partners for a common binding domain or linear motif (node) and including information about protein abundance and interaction affinities, we identified a large number of competitive, mutually exclusive (XOR) protein interactions. Modeling changes in protein abundance with different patterns of partner proteins and XOR nodes (XOR motifs) revealed that each motif conferred a different response. We experimentally investigated the XOR motif containing the hub protein Ras and its binding partners RIN1 (Ras and Rab interactor 1) and CRAF (v-raf-leukemia viral oncogene 1). Consistent with the computational prediction, overexpression of RIN1 in cultured cells decreased the phosphorylation of CRAF and its downstream targets. Thus, our analyses provide evidence that variation in the abundance of proteins that compete for binding to XOR nodes could contribute to context-specific signaling plasticity.
Genome-Wide Analysis of Basic/Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factor Family in Rice and Arabidopsis (2006)

The basic/helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factors and their homologs form a large family in plant and animal genomes. They are known to play important roles in the specification of tissue types in animals. On the other hand, few plant bHLH proteins have been studied functionally. Recent completion of whole genome sequences of model plants Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) and rice (Oryza sativa) allows genome-wide analysis and comparison of the bHLH family in flowering plants. We have identified 167 bHLH genes in the rice genome, and their phylogenetic analysis indicates that they form well-supported clades, which are defined as subfamilies. In addition, sequence analysis of potential DNA-binding activity, the sequence motifs outside the bHLH domain, and the conservation of intron/exon structural patterns further support the evolutionary relationships among these proteins. The genome distribution of rice bHLH genes strongly supports the hypothesis that genome-wide and tandem duplication contributed to the expansion of the bHLH gene family, consistent with the birth-and-death theory of gene family evolution. Bioinformatics analysis suggests that rice bHLH proteins can potentially participate in a variety of combinatorial interactions, endowing them with the capacity to regulate a multitude of transcriptional programs. In addition, similar expression patterns suggest functional conservation between some rice bHLH genes and their close Arabidopsis homologs.
Review: Embodiment, Ego-Space and Action Carnegie Mellon Symposia on Cognition Series (2009)

Keywords: Perception Note: Book Review: Embodiment, ego-space and action (Klatzky RL, MacWhinney B; Behrmann M, Eds) Reference EPFL-REVIEW-154801doi:10.1068/p3805rvwView record in Web of Science Record created on 2010-11-12, modified on 2016-08-08
Interactive Granular Synthesis of Haptic Contact Sounds (2002)

The goal of this project is to automatically synthesise contact sounds that can be easily added to existing and future haptic applications without the need for extensive sound design, sampling or programming. Contact sounds are caused by interactions with objects such as scraping a surface. This continuous information about the surface is much richer than simply triggering a sound sample. In this paper we investigate an “ecological” granular synthesis algorithm that has been used to simulate the sounds of objects made of different materials breaking, bouncing and being scraped. Granular synthesis algorithms can generate a wide range of complex sounds from a pool of sampled grains. We implemented granular synthesis on a Windows PC using the OpenAL API and hardware acceleration on the soundcard to achieve 1000 grains per second. The algorithm was integrated into the Reachin API and rendered from the 1kHz haptics thread with latency between haptics and sound below the 2ms threshold of perception. We developed an initial simple mapping of haptic interaction parameters to the excitement of grains based on tests with four distinct types of haptic surfaces. We found we could hear information such as the force, rate and timing of scraping gestures on the surface as well as properties of the surface such as stiffness, friction, roughness and bumpiness.
Textile Display for Electronic and Brain‐Interfaced Communications (2018)

Abstract Textile displays are poised to revolutionize current electronic devices, and reshape the future of electronics and related fields such as biomedicine and soft robotics. However, they remain unavailable due to the difficulty of directly constructing electroluminescent devices onto the textile‐like substrate to really display desired programmable patterns. Here, a novel textile display is developed from continuous electroluminescent fibers made by a one‐step extrusion process. The resulting displaying textile is flexible, stretchable, three‐dimensionally twistable, conformable to arbitrarily curved skins, and breathable, and can dynamically display a series of desired patterns, making it useful for bioinspired electronics, soft robotics, and electroluminescent skins, among other applications. It is demonstrated that these displaying textiles can also communicate with a computer and mouse brain for smart display and camouflage applications. This work may open up a new direction for the integration of wearable electroluminescent devices with the human body, providing new and promising communication platforms.
Halothane metabolism (1992)

Omega-oxidation of leukotrienes is the initial step of hepatic degradation and thus inactivation of these proinflammatory mediators. Omega-oxidation is followed by beta-oxidation of leukotrienes from the omega-end. After exposure of rats to a single dose of the anesthetic agent halothane, a transient decrease in leukotriene omega-oxidation was induced both in vivo and in vitro. In untreated rats, 44.1 +/- 6.0% of N-[3H]acetylleukotriene E4 injected intravenously was recovered unchanged in bile collected for 60 min in vivo; 46.5 +/- 3.0% was recovered as omega-/beta-oxidation products, of which 24.7 +/- 4.5% were associated with beta-oxidation products only (mean +/- SEM; n = 5). In rats receiving a single dose of halothane 18 h before the experiment, recovery of unchanged N-[3H]acetylleukotriene E4 was significantly increased to 79.8 +/- 4.8%, while the fraction of omega-/beta-oxidation products decreased to 9.0 +/- 1.7% (n = 5); 90 h after exposure to halothane, N-[3H]acetylleukotriene E4 recovery decreased to 30.0 +/- 3.0% and omega-/beta-oxidation products amounted to 49.1 +/- 3.8%; the fraction of beta-oxidation products was significantly increased to 43.1 +/- 3.4% (n = 5). Ten days after exposure of rats to halothane, the recoveries of N-[3H]acetylleukotriene E4, of omega-/beta-oxidation products, and of beta-oxidation products alone, returned to almost normal values. Microsomal fractions obtained from rat hepatocytes catalyzed the NADPH- and O2-dependent leukotriene omega-oxidation in vitro. The formation of omega-hydroxy-metabolites of leukotriene B4, leukotriene E4, and N-acetylleukotriene E4 was decreased by 50% in microsomal fractions obtained from rats 18 h and 90 h after halothane treatment, and returned back to control levels in microsomal fractions obtained 10 days after halothane treatment. The Km value of leukotriene B4 omega-oxidation revealed no significant change in enzyme affinity towards leukotriene B4; in contrast, as reflected by the reduction of the Vmax value by 65%, a decrease in the amount of the active enzyme in microsomes obtained from rats 18 h after halothane treatment was observed. Halothane-metabolism-dependent trifluoroacetylation of hepatic proteins may mediate this process. Thus, the time course of the density on immunoblots of trifluoroacetylated protein adducts paralleled that of the transient decrease in leukotriene omega-oxidation. In contrast to its omega-oxidation, leukotriene B4 synthesis from 5-hydroperoxyeicosatetraenoate was not inhibited in hepatocyte homogenates obtained from rats pretreated with halothane. The data suggest that metabolism of halothane causes a transient derangement of hepatic leukotriene homeostasis in vivo.
The Influence of Stimulus Array on Training of a Speeded Response (2005)

We conducted two experiments to study the training of speeded responses to stimuli in a clock face array. Participants were trained on one clock face and later tested on either the same or a different clock face. The clock faces varied along 3 dimensions of change (left-right flip, up-down flip, and 180 degrees rotation). Skill acquisition was reflected in decreases in overall, initiation, and movement response times in the training and test phases except that movement time reached an asymptote during training and did not decrease further during test. Test performance was best when training and test used the same clock face and worst when the training to test change involved an up-down flip. The transition to different clock faces was consistent with an interpretation based on the violation of expectations about target positions acquired during training. Consistent trial-by-trial feedback led to better initiation time but not movement time during training than periodic feedback, but this effect did not persist into the test phase.