gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Binding Site of Loperamide: Automated Docking of Loperamide in Human μ‐ and δ‐Opioid Receptors (2008)

Loperamide is a piperidine analogue, acting as agonist on peripheral opioid receptors, exhibiting affinity and selectivity for the cloned mu human opioid receptor compared with the delta human opioid receptor. Automatic docking studies of loperamide, using AutoDock, on human mu- and delta-opioid receptors is described. Whilst no meaningful difference was detected concerning the docking of the arylpiperidine moiety, mu/delta selectivity could be explained as a different accommodation of the two phenyl groups in two lipophylic pockets of receptors.
1A23 Experimental Measurement of Thrombus Formation under Fluid Flow in Micro Channel : Effect of Wall Shear Rate (2016)

A clot of enzyme-activated milk in a low flow region was observed as a model of a venous thrombus. The milk was perfused in a micro channel with a custom made perfusion system A wall shear rate was controlled in the range of 10 to 22500 s^<-1>. A straight channel with a square cross section of which an edge length was 400 μm or 1200 μm was used. As a result of experiment, a milk clot formed along a channel wall. An amount of a clot increased with a decreasing wall shear rate when it was smaller than 10000 s^<-1>. On the other hand, an amount of a clot increased with a wall shear rate when it was greater than 10000 s^<-1>. A total mass of milk clot per wall surface area was greater in a wider channel.
Optimal Trajectories With Respect to a Sthenic Criterion for Three Quadruped Walking Gaits (2001)

Abstract In this paper, optimal cyclic reference trajectories are designed for three walking gaits of a quadruped robot, the curvet, the amble, the trot, taking into account the actuators characteristics and for a given motion robot velocity. The objectives of this study are multiple: • Automatic design of admissible reference trajectories, • Definition of the maximal speed of the robot for given actuators, • Study of the evolution of the torque cost for various motion velocities, • Comparison of three different gaits with respect to a sthenic criterion. For the gaits studied, during some phases the system is underactuated. The design of the cyclic gaits takes this fact into account. The optimization problem is solved with an algebraic optimization technique. The actuated joint evolution is chosen as a polynomial function of time. The coefficients of the polynomial functions are optimization parameters. The evolution of the passive joint is defined using the dynamic model to have admissible trajectory. During the optimization process, the constraints on the ground reactions, the validity of impact, the torques, the joints velocities of the robot are taken into account. Simulation results are presented for the three gaits. All motions are realistics. Curvet is the less efficient gait with respect to the criterion studied. For slow motion, trot is the more efficient gait. But amble permits the fastest motion with the same actuators.
Convection-induced enhancement of mass transfer through an interface separating two immiscible liquids in a two-layer horizontal annulus (2003)

Two-fluid natural-convection flow in the horizontal cylindrical annulus and its effect on mass transfer through the liquid-liquid interface of two immiscible fluids are studied numerically. The liquids are stratified by gravity, with the denser one occupying the lower part of the annulus. The convective motion is driven by heating of the inner or outer cylindrical boundary. It is shown that the mass transfer of a passive scalar (say, a protein) through the interface can be significantly enhanced by the convective flow. Varying the radii ratio from 0.1 to 0.5, it is found that the mass transfer is more intensive in annuli with smaller radii ratio. No significant difference in the mass transfer rates was found between the heating of either inner or outer cylinder. A possibility of further mass transfer enhancement using more complicated temperature distribution on the boundaries is demonstrated. The problem is related to the search for novel bioseparator devices.
Doubly-armed short sutures are useful for microsurgical hepatic artery reconstruction in living-related liver transplantation. (2001)

Although microsurgical hepatic artery reconstruction has become the essential technique in pediatric and living-related liver transplantation, it remains a technical challenge. We describe here our microsurgical hepatic artery reconstruction technique in living-related liver transplantation using a doubly-armed short suture. From August 1998 to March 1999, 8 patients underwent living-related liver transplantation at the Kyushu University. For these 8 patients, microsurgical reconstruction with doubly-armed short sutures were undertaken. After preparing the operative field for microsurgery, operative microscopy with a continuous zoom magnification is introduced. Interrupted sutures using doubly-armed short sutures are performed in a biangular stay-sutured method with a double clip. None of the 8 patients developed hepatic artery thrombosis. We conclude that the use of doubly-armed sutures allows safe and reliable in microsurgical hepatic artery reconstruction in living related liver transplantation.
Oncornavirus‐like particles in malignant melanoma and control biopsies (1976)

Tests for the presence of oncornavirus-like particles in human biopsies were made by the Spiegelman simultaneous assay for 70S RNA and RNA-dependent DNA polymerase and by detection of 600-900S particles, incorporating 3H-uridine, produced by cultured biopsy cells. Thirty-one malignant melanoma biopsies from 29 patients were studied. Using the simultaneous assay, evidence of virus-like particles was found in 15/26 (58%) of melanoma biopsies, 0/3 naevi pools, 1/4 samples of skin adjacent to melanoma, 0/3 samples of normal adult skin and 0/3 prepuces. The velocity sedimentation technique was shown to be a useful screening test for oncornaviruses in studies of two virus-producing mouse cell lines (TKL-5 and WEHI-22), and was positive with 7/9 melanoma biopsies. Overall, these results are compatible with the earlier findings of similar virus-like particles in malignant melanoma cell lines, but the exact nature of the particles remains to be defined.
HYBRID IN CONSTRUCTION MACHINERY (2008)

After second oil shock in 1978, fuel consumption cost has become an important evaluation factor for construction machinery, many improvements have been made to increase machine efficiency [1]. Recent year, as the Kyoto Protocol get effective, further effort on fuel consumption cut or CO2 cut is required for all machine makers. As the success of the hybrid system in automobile, construction machinery makers also put a lot of force on research to apply the hybrid concept in their own machines. This paper introduced the research and development of hybrid machinery in Hitachi Construction Machinery Co. Ltd, and also discussed the problems in this field.
Draft Architectural Framework (2009)

This public deliverable describes at a first stage the 4WARD Architecture Framework to support the Network Architect in the design of new network architectures. Firstly, it provides the concepts, terms and basic framework constructs to model networks. Then a design process has been defined. It represents the workflow ranging from a business idea as a starting point to the design of network architecture models and software architecture models. The document also presents some best practices to be followed by the network architect. In this context the composition of functionalities is studied as a way to meet multiple requirements and some interoperability scenarios have been studied to infer best practices to assure the interoperability between different network domains. Finally, a set of use cases have defined to support and validate the Architecture Framework.
Region Mutual Information Loss for Semantic Segmentation (2019)

Semantic segmentation is a fundamental problem in computer vision. It is considered as a pixel-wise classification problem in practice, and most segmentation models use a pixel-wise loss as their optimization riterion. However, the pixel-wise loss ignores the dependencies between pixels in an image. Several ways to exploit the relationship between pixels have been investigated, \eg, conditional random fields (CRF) and pixel affinity based methods. Nevertheless, these methods usually require additional model branches, large extra memories, or more inference time. In this paper, we develop a region mutual information (RMI) loss to model the dependencies among pixels more simply and efficiently. In contrast to the pixel-wise loss which treats the pixels as independent samples, RMI uses one pixel and its neighbour pixels to represent this pixel. Then for each pixel in an image, we get a multi-dimensional point that encodes the relationship between pixels, and the image is cast into a multi-dimensional distribution of these high-dimensional points. The prediction and ground truth thus can achieve high order consistency through maximizing the mutual information (MI) between their multi-dimensional distributions. Moreover, as the actual value of the MI is hard to calculate, we derive a lower bound of the MI and maximize the lower bound to maximize the real value of the MI. RMI only requires a few extra computational resources in the training stage, and there is no overhead during testing. Experimental results demonstrate that RMI can achieve substantial and consistent improvements in performance on PASCAL VOC 2012 and CamVid datasets. The code is available at https://github.com/ZJULearning/RMI.
Mapping the distribution of zero-dose children to assess the performance of vaccine delivery strategies and their relationships with measles incidence in Nigeria (2022)

Geographically precise identification and targeting of populations at risk of vaccine-preventable diseases has gained renewed attention within the global health community over the last few years. District level estimates of vaccination coverage and corresponding zero-dose prevalence constitute a potentially useful evidence base to evaluate the performance of vaccination strategies. These estimates are also valuable for identifying missed communities, hence enabling targeted interventions and better resource allocation. Here, we fit Bayesian geostatistical models to map the routine coverage of the first doses of diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis vaccine (DTP1) and measles-containing vaccine (MCV1) and corresponding zero-dose estimates in Nigeria at 1x1 km resolution and the district level using geospatial data sets. We also map MCV1 coverage before and after the 2019 measles vaccination campaign in the northern states to further explore variations in routine vaccine coverage and to evaluate the effectiveness of both routine immunization (RI) and campaigns in reaching zero-dose children. Additionally, we map the spatial distributions of reported measles cases during 2018 to 2020 and explore their relationships with MCV zero-dose prevalence to highlight the public health implications of varying performance of vaccination strategies across the country. Our analysis revealed strong similarities between the spatial distributions of DTP and MCV zero dose prevalence, with districts with the highest prevalence concentrated mostly in the northwest and the northeast, but also in other areas such as Lagos state and the Federal Capital Territory. Although the 2019 campaign reduced MCV zero-dose prevalence substantially in the north, pockets of vulnerabilities remained in areas that had among the highest prevalence prior to the campaign. Importantly, we found strong correlations between measles case counts and MCV RI zero-dose estimates, which provides a strong indication that measles incidence in the country is mostly affected by RI coverage. Our analyses reveal an urgent and highly significant need to strengthen the country's RI program as a longer-term measure for disease control, whilst ensuring effective campaigns in the short term.
Genetic and clinical patterns of heritable cerebellar ataxias in adults. II. Clinical manifestations. (1981)

Clinical data on 244 probands with spinocerebellar types, 163 with late cortical cerebellar atrophies (LCCA), and 180 with olivopontocerebellar atrophies (OPCA) were analysed. Spinocerebellar cases were divided into three according to their estimated genetic mechanisms: recessive, dominant, or sporadic. Ages of onset were identical in sporadic spinocerebellar types, LCCA, and OPCA, the average being about 50. They showed highly correlated clinical patterns. In the light of other evidence, these diseases may represent a premature aging process in the central nervous system, probably determined multifactorially. Recessive spinocerebellar cases were very few. There were 127 cases of spinocerebellar types with dominant inheritance, characterised by age of onset around 33, colourful ocular signs, and spasticity. A large family with this disease was described in which 34 patients were affected through five generations. The computed tomograms showed an almost normal cerebellum and electronystagmograms indicated patterns of vestibulocular impairment. No necropsied case was available among the present material, but in pathological reports of similar cases, major lesions were found in the ventral and the dorsal spinocerebellar tracts, Clarke's columns, and the posterior columns in the spinal cord. This disease, or hereditary spastic ataxia, represented a fairly well-defined entity inherited dominantly among a group of cases with spinocerebellar types, and it was separable from LCCA or OPCA, not only on clinical and genetic grounds, but by a predominantly spinal involvement.
Genitourinary syndrome of menopause (2014)

Members of the consensus conference agreed that the term genitourinary syndrome of menopause (GSM) is a medically more accurate, all-encompassing, and publicly acceptable term than vulvovaginal atrophy. GSM is defined as a collection of symptoms and signs associated with a decrease in estrogen and other sex steroids involving changes to the labia majora/minora, clitoris, vestibule/introitus, vagina, urethra and bladder. The syndrome may include but is not limited to genital symptoms of dryness, burning, and irritation; sexual symptoms of lack of lubrication, discomfort or pain, and impaired function; and urinary symptoms of urgency, dysuria and recurrent urinary tract infections. Women may present with some or all of the signs and symptoms, which must be bothersome and should not be better accounted for by another diagnosis. The term was presented and discussed at the annual meeting of each society. The respective Boards of NAMS and ISSWSH formally endorsed the new terminology--genitourinary syndrome of menopause (GSM)--in 2014.
The Material Properties of Bone-Particle Impregnated PMMA (1986)

The elastic Young's modulus and shear modulus of bone-particle impregnated polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) has been measured experimentally at room temperature as a function of bone particle concentration. It was found that the moduli increased with increasing bone particle content. This increase was less than the stiffness increase predicted by higher-order composite theory [1, 2] under the assumption of perfect bonding between particles and matrix. It was concluded that a bond existed but that it was not a perfect bond.
Bioactive Sol‐Gel Hybrids (2003)

Introduction Sol-gel Encapsulation The Alkoxide Route The Aqueous Route Enzymes Glucose Biosensors Bioreactors, Lipases Antibody-based Affinity Biosensors Whole Cells Yeast and Plant Cells Bacteria Biomedical Applications Immunoassays in Sol-gel Matrices Cell Transplantation The Future of Sol-gel Bioencapsulation
Sinapic acid phenethyl ester as a potent selective 5‐lipoxygenase inhibitor: Synthesis and structure–activity relationship (2018)

Given the hepatotoxicity and an unfavorable pharmacokinetic profile of zileuton (Zyflo<sup>®</sup> ), currently the only approved and clinically used 5-Lipoxygenase (5-LO) inhibitor, the search for potent and safe 5-LO inhibitors is highly demanded. The action of several phenolic acid phenethyl esters as potential 5-Lipoxygenase (5-LO) inhibitors has been investigated. For this purpose, a series of 14 phenethyl esters was synthesized and their impact on 5-LO inhibition was evaluated. The effects of position and number of hydroxyl and methoxy groups on the phenolic acid were investigated. The shortening of the linker between the carbonyl and the catechol moiety as well as the presence of the α,β-unsaturated carbonyl group was also explored. The sinapic acid phenethyl ester (10), which can be named SAPE (10) by analogy to caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE), inhibited 5-LO in a concentration-dependent manner and outperformed both zileuton (1) and CAPE (2). With an IC<sub>50</sub> of 0.3 μm, SAPE (10) was threefold more potent than CAPE (2) and 10-fold more potent than zileuton (1), the only 5-LO inhibitor approved for clinical use. Unlike CAPE (2), SAPE (10) had no effect on 12-lipoxygenase (12-LO) and less effect on cyclooxygenase 1 (COX-1) which makes it a more selective 5-LO inhibitor.
Crosslinking reaction of poly(vinyl alcohol) with poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) by heat treatment: Effect of neutralization of PAA (2003)

Abstract The crosslinking reaction of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) by esterification using poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) as a crosslinking reagent was investigated to obtain highly insoluble PVA materials. Blend films of PVA and PAA (PVA/PAA = 8/2) were prepared to examine the effect of degree of neutralization (DN) in PAA and heat‐treatment conditions on the degree of crosslinking reaction. The degree of crosslinking reaction varied significantly when the DN of PAA changed. The optimum DN for the crosslinking reaction was in the range of 5 to 10 mol %. In the case of unneutralized PAA, the degree of crosslinking reaction was at most 15 mol % by heat treatment for 20 min at 200°C. Applying partially neutralized PAA (DN = 10 mol %) raised the degree to about 40 mol % under the same heat‐treatment conditions. FTIR analysis revealed that the hydroxyl group of PVA in the film blended with unneutralized PAA was degraded to a greater degree than that with partially neutralized PAA as a result of heat treatment. It was found that heat treatment at a low pH condition enhances the degradation of the hydroxyl group of PVA, resulting in a decrease of the number of crosslinking sites by esterification. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 90: 2420–2427, 2003
Organ-Cultured Corneal Endothelium In Vivo (1977)

We used the clinical specular microscope to examine the endothelium of 14 clear penetrating corneal grafts that ranged from 4 days to 2 1/2 years posttransplantation. All the donor corneas had been preserved in organ culture at 37 C for up to five weeks before grafting. Ten of the transplants were aphakic. The graft endothelial cell density, although less than that of normal corneas of the same age, was similar to that of other transplants done by the same two surgeons using alternate methods of donor preservation. We found a significant inverse correlation between graft endothelial cell density and the age of the corneal donor.
Affinity Labeling of the Active Sites of Antibodies to the 2,4-Dinitrophenyl Hapten* (1963)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAffinity Labeling of the Active Sites of Antibodies to the 2,4-Dinitrophenyl Hapten*Henry Metzger, Leon Wofsy, and S. J. SingerCite this: Biochemistry 1963, 2, 5, 979–988Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1963Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1963https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/bi00905a014https://doi.org/10.1021/bi00905a014research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views66Altmetric-Citations49LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Development of All Position YAG Laser Butt Welding Process with Filler Wire (2004)

In the construction sites of chemical and electric power plants etc., many pipes are welded with conventional MIG/TIG arc welding methods in these days. Nevertheless, much time should be necessary to weld thick pipes with these welding methods because of their slow welding speed and multiple paths welding to fill up their joints. On the other hand, laser welding which can weld thick plate with low distortion at high speed needs small tolerance of gap. From these backgrounds, the development of a new welding process with a YAG laser where the accurate adjustment of a joint before welding is not necessary has been expected. In this research, therefore, we developed an all position filler addition YAG laser welding process for stainless steel butt joint with large gap. As a result of the observation of the droplets from the filler wire during welding and the compositional analysis of the distribution of the filler wire in the welded bead, it was revealed that the droplets were scattered to the opposite direction of an irradiated laser beam and transported to the back side of the work piece due to the melted metal flow along a keyhole by evaporation recoil force of plasma/plume even if the welding was performed in overhead position. As the result of applying this welding process to a SUS304 stainless steel pipe joint, which was 267.4 mm in diameter and 5 mm in thickness and 1 mm in gap tolerance, class 1 weld was attained in the radiographic test of JIS.
Optimization of switching transient waveform to reduce EMI noise in a selective frequency band (2009)

Recently, high performance power switching devices realize high performance power converters. High speed turn-on and turn-off however cause electromagnetic interference (EMI). EMI filters composed of inductors and capacitors are widely used to reduce EMI. Inductor is heavy and large so that it is better to reduce use of passive filters. There are several studies to reduce harmonics by modifying switching transient slope. In this paper, a new method of modifying switching transient slope is proposed using optimization of performance index derived from amplitude of harmonics.
Assessment of the compatibility of repair mortars in restoration projects (2010)

In restoration works compatibility requirements of repair mortars are defined based on the original mortar characteristics, but the efficiency and the performance of the repair mortars after application on masonry are not generally evaluated. From this perspective, original mortars and repair mortars from two historic masonry structures were analyzed for their characterization. Compatibility of the repair mortars with the historic mortars is investigated in terms of chemical, mineralogical, and physical point of view. The efficiency of the analytical techniques used for the mortar characterization is discussed. A methodology relying on a basic approach for a mortar analysis is adopted taking into account the added values and the basic requirements from both practical and scientific point of view. This study will contribute to the existing knowledge on mortar analysis and will provide new insights on the assessment of the compatibility of the repair mortars.