gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Composite Microfiltration Membranes Imprinted with cAMP (2003)

Abstract Composite microfiltration membranes covered with a thin layer of molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) selective to adenosine 3′:5′‐cyclic monophosphate (cAMP) were obtained and their separation properties were studied. MIP layers were prepared using photoinitiated copolymerization of dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate (DMAEM) as a functional monomer and trimethylopropane trimethacrylate (TRIM) as a crosslinker in the presence of cAMP as template in ethanol/water mixture. Blank membranes were prepared under the same conditions, but without cAMP. It was found out that pH of aqueous solution of the template has an effect on the binding of cAMP with MIP membranes. It was concluded that the ability of MIP membranes to bind cAMP is a result of both ionic interactions between charged dimethylamino groups of polymer matrix and the phosphorous residue of cAMP molecule and the specific shape of recognizing sites. These sites are complementary to cAMP in terms of three dimensional shape as well as correct position of functional groups involved in the template binding. This paper shows that the binding capability of MIP membranes can be adjusted by varying the values of degree of modification (DM). Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) and Scanning Force Microscopy (SEM) were used to visualise surfaces and cross sections of membranes to gain better understanding in the analysis of MIP layer deposited on membranes.
Polynomial Root-Finding and Polynomiography (2008)

This book offers fascinating and modern perspectives into the theory and practice of the historical subject of polynomial root-finding, rejuvenating the field via polynomiography, a creative and novel computer visualization that renders spectacular images of a polynomial equation. Polynomiography will not only pave the way for new applications of polynomials in science and mathematics, but also in art and education. The book presents a thorough development of the basic family, arguably the most fundamental family of iteration functions, deriving many surprising and novel theoretical and practical applications such as: algorithms for approximation of roots of polynomials and analytic functions, polynomiography, bounds on zeros of polynomials, formulas for the approximation of Pi, and characterizations or visualizations associated with a homogeneous linear recurrence relation. These discoveries and a set of beautiful images that provide new visions, even of the well-known polynomials and recurrences, are the makeup of a very desirable book. This book is a must for mathematicians, scientists, advanced undergraduates and graduates, but is also for anyone with an appreciation for the connections between a fantastically creative art form and its ancient mathematical foundations. Contents: Approximation of Square-Roots and Their Visualizations; The Fundamental Theorem of Algebra and a Special Case of Taylor s Theorem; Introduction to the Basic Family and Polynomiography; Equivalent Formulations of the Basic Family; Basic Family as Dynamical System; Fixed Points of the Basic Family; Algebraic Derivation of the Basic Family and Characterizations; The Truncated Basic Family and the Case of Halley Family; Characterizations of Solutions of Homogeneous Linear Recurrence Relations; Generalization of Taylor s Theorem and Newton s Method; The Multipoint Basic Family and Its Order of Convergence; A Computational Study of the Multipoint Basic Family; A General Determinantal Lower Bound; Formulas for Approximation of Pi Based on Root-Finding Algorithms; Bounds on Roots of Polynomials and Analytic Functions; A Geometric Optimization and Its Algebraic Offsprings; Polynomiography: Algorithms for Visualization of Polynomial Equations; Visualization of Homogeneous Linear Recurrence Relations; Applications of Polynomiography in Art, Education, Science and Mathematics; Approximation of Square-Roots Revisited; Further Applications and Extensions of the Basic Family and Polynomiography.
Interception of Frequency-Hopping Signals for TEMPEST Attacks (2020)

International audience
Multifunctional Thermal Barrier Application Composite with SiC Nanowires Enhanced Structural Health Monitoring Sensitivity and Interface Performance (2018)

Carbon fiber (CF)-reinforced ceramic composites show the attractive potential for next generation thermal protection materials because of their outstanding reliability and excellent high-temperature resistance but are facing great challenges in the combination of the engineering practicality and versatility. Herein, it is demonstrated that silicon carbide nanowires can be grown on the surface of CF to create a multifunctional thermal barrier application composite. The embedding of the silicon carbide nanowires in the interface of CF and ceramic matrix significantly increased the structural health monitoring sensitivity and interface strength of the composites. Compared to the conventional CF/ZrC composites, the structural health monitoring sensitivity of the composites with SiC nanowires is greatly elevated with a 14-fold improvement. Additional investigations revealed that the multifunctional SiC<sub>nws</sub>-CF/ZrC nanocomposites enjoyed a low thermal conductivity of 0.49 W/(m·K), a light weight (0.76-1.85 g/cm<sup>3</sup>), and a relative high compressive strength of 23.64 MPa, which is favorite in applying as a thermal barrier material. Furthermore, the interface design strategy could be extended as a universal method in fabricating various fiber-reinforced composites for a wide range of other applications.
Kinetics of Absorption of CO2 in Concentrated Aqueous Methyldiethanolamine Solutions in the Range 296 K to 343 K (1997)

The kinetics of CO2 absorption by aqueous solutions of methyl diethanol amine (MDEA) were measured in the temperature range (296−343) K and MDEA concentration range (830−4380) mol·m-3 (10−50 mass %). A thermoregulated constant interfacial area Lewis-type cell was operated by recording the pressure drop during batch absorption. The kinetic results are in agreement with a fast regime of absorption according to film theory. MDEA depletion at the interface has a significant effect on the kinetics at the CO2 pressures (100 to 200 kPa) studied in this work, especially at low temperatures and low MDEA concentrations. Considering only the reaction between CO2 and MDEA, the CO2 absorption appears as a first-order reaction with respect to MDEA. The activation energy found for the reaction between CO2 and MDEA is 45 kJ·mol-1, but this value depends significantly (by about 10% in the worst case) on the vapor−liquid equilibrium data used.
Measurement of temperature coefficient of photovoltaic modules in field and comparison with laboratory measurements (2015)

The performance of photovoltaic modules depends on temperature and irradiance. It is necessary to translate the measured I-V characteristics to standard test condition for assessing degradation, and such translations require temperature coefficients for voltage and current. Prediction of the annual energy yield also requires knowledge of the temperature coefficients. IEC 60891 provides a standard procedure for measurement of temperature coefficients and this methodology has been utilized to obtain the temperature coefficients of modules of different PV technologies, both in laboratory and in the field. Comparison of the values obtained in the field with those of the laboratory show good conformance. Also the variation of the temperature coefficients with change in irradiance has been investigated.
Better reliability assessment and prediction through data clustering (2002)

This paper presents a new approach to software reliability modeling by grouping data into clusters of homogeneous failure intensities. This series of data clusters associated with different time segments can be directly used as a piecewise linear model for reliability assessment and problem identification, which can produce meaningful results early in the testing process. The dual model fits traditional software reliability growth models (SRGMs) to these grouped data to provide long-term reliability assessments and predictions. These models were evaluated in the testing of two large software systems from IBM. Compared with existing SRGMs fitted to raw data, our models are generally more stable over time and produce more consistent and accurate reliability assessments and predictions.
High-Performance WSe2 Field-Effect Transistors via Controlled Formation of In-Plane Heterojunctions (2016)

Monolayer WSe2 is a two-dimensional (2D) semiconductor with a direct band gap, and it has been recently explored as a promising material for electronics and optoelectronics. Low field-effect mobility is the main constraint preventing WSe2 from becoming one of the competing channel materials for field-effect transistors (FETs). Recent results have demonstrated that chemical treatments can modify the electrical properties of transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs), including MoS2 and WSe2. Here, we report that controlled heating in air significantly improves device performance of WSe2 FETs in terms of on-state currents and field-effect mobilities. Specifically, after being heated at optimized conditions, chemical vapor deposition grown monolayer WSe2 FETs showed an average FET mobility of 31 cm(2)·V(-1)·s(-1) and on/off current ratios up to 5 × 10(8). For few-layer WSe2 FETs, after the same treatment applied, we achieved a high mobility up to 92 cm(2)·V(-1)·s(-1). These values are significantly higher than FETs fabricated using as-grown WSe2 flakes without heating treatment, demonstrating the effectiveness of air heating on the performance improvements of WSe2 FETs. The underlying chemical processes involved during air heating and the formation of in-plane heterojunctions of WSe2 and WO3-x, which is believed to be the reason for the improved FET performance, were studied by spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy. We further demonstrated that, by combining the air heating method developed in this work with supporting 2D materials on the BN substrate, we achieved a noteworthy field-effect mobility of 83 cm(2)·V(-1)·s(-1) for monolayer WSe2 FETs. This work is a step toward controlled modification of the properties of WSe2 and potentially other TMDCs and may greatly improve device performance for future applications of 2D materials in electronics and optoelectronics.
Pixel Art with Refracted Light by Rearrangeable Sticks (2012)

Abstract Pixel art is a kind of digital art that through per‐pixel manipulation enables production of a diverse array of artistic images. In this paper, we present a new way for people to experience and express pixel art. Our digital art consists of a set of sticks made of acrylate resin, each of which refracts light from a parallel light source, in certain directions. Artistic users are able to easily rearrange these sticks and view their digital art through the refracted light projection on any planar surface. As we demonstrate in this paper, a user can generate various artistic images using only a single set of sticks. We additionally envision that our pixel art with rearrangeable sticks would have great entertainment appeal, e.g., as an art puzzle.
Steam Reforming of Hydrocarbons and Water Gas Shift Reaction Through a Wall of Stabilized Zirconia Used as Hydrogen Separator (1984)

Abstract Steam reforming of CH4 and C2H4 or water gas shift reaction was allowed to occur through a wall of stabilized zirconia acting as hydrogen separator. The reactions proceed via transport of oxygen ions in the zirconia lattice from cathode to anode of the wall, accompanying an electron transfer in the reverse direction through the outer lead wire. Hydrogen without CO2, CO, or hydrocarbons can be obtained directly by each reaction at the cathode side. The rate of hydrogen production increases exponentially with a rise in applied potentials via chromel-constantan thermocouples. The presence of reducing gas such as CO, CH4, or H2 at the anode side will decrease considerably the applied potential required to produce hydrogen at the same rate. A tentative reaction mechanism is proposed on the basis of kinetic information of the reaction.
Control and imaging of ferroelectric domains over large areas with nanometer resolution in atomically smooth epitaxial Pb(Zr0.2Ti0.8)O3 thin films (1998)

We have investigated the possibility afforded by epitaxial ferroelectric oxide thin films to control and image locally the polarization field of ferroelectrics over large areas with submicron resolution, using the metallic tip of an atomic force microscope as a mobile top electrode and local probe of the ferroelectric properties. Atomically smooth films of Pb(Zr0.2Ti0.8)O3, showing a root-mean-square roughness of typically a few angstroms, could be uniformly polarized and imaged over areas as large as 2500 μm2 without introducing any topographic disorder. Regular arrays of 100 nm wide lines and circular domains with a diameter less than 100 nm were written in arbitrary areas of the uniformly polarized regions.
Perceptual image quality assessment using a normalized Laplacian pyramid (2016)

We present an image quality metric based on the transformations associated with the early visual system: local luminance subtraction and local gain control. Images are decomposed using a Laplacian pyramid, which subtracts a local estimate of the mean luminance at multiple scales. Each pyramid coefficient is then divided by a local estimate of amplitude (weighted sum of absolute values of neighbors), where the weights are optimized for prediction of amplitude using (undistorted) images from a separate database. We define the quality of a distorted image, relative to its undistorted original, as the root mean squared error in this &#x201C;normalized Laplacian&#x201D; domain. We show that both luminance subtraction and amplitude division stages lead to significant reductions in redundancy relative to the original image pixels. We also show that the resulting quality metric provides a better account of human perceptual judgements than either MS-SSIM or a recently-published gain-control metric based on oriented filters.
Controlled Drug Release and Chemotherapy Response in a Novel Acoustofluidic 3D Tumor Platform (2016)

Overcoming transport barriers to delivery of therapeutic agents in tumors remains a major challenge. Focused ultrasound (FUS), in combination with modern nanomedicine drug formulations, offers the ability to maximize drug transport to tumor tissue while minimizing toxicity to normal tissue. This potential remains unfulfilled due to the limitations of current approaches in accurately assessing and quantifying how FUS modulates drug transport in solid tumors. A novel acoustofluidic platform is developed by integrating a physiologically relevant 3D microfluidic device and a FUS system with a closed-loop controller to study drug transport and assess the response of cancer cells to chemotherapy in real time using live cell microscopy. FUS-induced heating triggers local release of the chemotherapeutic agent doxorubicin from a liposomal carrier and results in higher cellular drug uptake in the FUS focal region. This differential drug uptake induces locally confined DNA damage and glioblastoma cell death in the 3D environment. The capabilities of acoustofluidics for accurate control of drug release and monitoring of localized cell response are demonstrated in a 3D in vitro tumor mode. This has important implications for developing novel strategies to deliver therapeutic agents directly to the tumor tissue while sparing healthy tissue.
High-sensitivity 25μm and 50μm pitch microcantilever IR imaging arrays (2007)

This paper reports on the development of small pixel pitch infrared FPAs based on the capacitively read bimorph microcantilever sensor technology. The heat sensing bimorph microcantilever structures are fabricated directly onto the CMOS control and amplification electronics to produce a high performance, low cost imager that is compatible with standard silicon IC foundry processing and materials. Positional responsivities of greater than 0.3 &#956;m/K have been modeled and measured for 50 &#956;m pitch pixels, corresponding to a temperature coefficient of capacitance, &Dgr;C/C, (equivalent to TCR for microbolometers) above 30%/K. This responsivity, along with noise capacitances in the sub-attofarad range and nominal sensor capacitances of 15 fF, give modeled NEDT < 20 mK for these devices. At smaller pixel pitches, the positional responsivity decreases rapidly with feature size resulting in increased system NEDTs. Modeling the performance of microcantilever based IR sensors with innovative sensor structures and pixel pitches down to 17 &#956;m indicates NEDTs < 20 mK and thermal time constants in the 5 msec range, are feasible with this technology. Results from detailed thermo-electro-opto-mechanical modeling of the operation of the 25 &#956;m pitch pixels are presented.
Exercise Frequency As a Determinant of Healthy Lifestyle Characteristics Among U.S. Adults (2011)

Individual participation in recommended amounts of regular exercise can improve health and prevent disease. However, little is known about whether exercise can improve a group of healthy lifestyle characteristics (HLC). PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between exercise frequency and the prevalence rate of a single healthy lifestyle indicator. METHODS: Researchers used data from the 1998 and 2000 BRFSS. Logistic regression analysis was conducted with covariates (age, gender, race, education, income, and general health) and exercise frequency selected as the predictor variable. The criterion variable (single healthy lifestyle indicator), was calculated by a defining pattern of four HLC (healthy weight, fruit and vegetable consumption, non-smoking, and leisure time physical activity) for each respondent. The covariates and predictor variable were entered as a block of predictor variables. RESULTS: Gender (OR = 2.56, 95% CI = 2.41-2.71, p <.0001), general health (OR = 1.57, 95% CI = 1.52-1.62, p <.0001), and exercise frequency (OR = 1.37, 95% CI = 1.36-1.38, p <.0001) had the largest effect on the single healthy lifestyle indicator. Education (OR = 1.35, 95% CI = 1.30-1.39, p <.0001), race (OR = 1.12, 95% CI = 1.04-1.21, p <.0001), income (OR = 1.06, 95% CI = 1.05-1.08, p <.0001), and age (OR = 1.01, 95% CI = 1.00-1.01) were also statistically significant, but had a smaller effect on the single healthy lifestyle indicator. For every one unit increase in exercise frequency, the odds of meeting the single healthy lifestyle indicator increased by a factor of 1.41 while holding all other variables constant. Based on pseudo-R-squared values, when exercise frequency was excluded from the model, the remaining variables only explained 6% of the variance in the single healthy lifestyle indicator. When exercise frequency was reintroduced, the model accounted for 17% of the variance in the single healthy lifestyle indicator. Exercise frequency was able to exclusively explain 11% of the variance in the single healthy lifestyle indicator. CONCLUSION: An increase in exercise frequency was positively related to an increase in the single healthy lifestyle indicator. Future research should examine causal relationships between exercise frequency and other healthy lifestyle indicators.
Metabolism of propionyl erythromycin lauryl sulfate. II. Fate of the lauryl sulfate moiety in the rat and man. (1975)

The absorption, excretion, and metabolism of [1-14C]lauryl sulfate as either the sodium or propionyl erythromycin salt has been studied in the rat and man. In the rat 88% of the radiolabel from propionyl erythromycin [1-14C]lauryl sulfate was excreted in the urine in the 24-hr period following a single oral dose. More than 95% of the radiolabel was excreted as the metabolite butyric acid 4-sulfate. This metabolite was shown to be derived from carbons 1-4 of the lauryl sulfate moiety. There was no evidence of sulfate cleavage in the rat. In man 51-59% of the administered ratioactivity was recovered in the urine. The major excretion product was butyric acid 4-sulfate accounting for approximately 95% of urinary radioactivity. The remainder was unchanged lauryl sulfate. A significant portion of the radiolabeled propionyl erythromycin lauryl sulfate was converted to 14CO2 indicating that the sulfate linkage was cleaved. A minimum value of 9-16% of the dose was metabolized in this manner.
The conformational analysis of saturated heterocycles. Part XLIX. The conformation of ring NH-groups in piperazines, hexahydropyrimidines, tetrahydro-1,3-oxazines, and tetrahydro-1,3-thiazines (1973)

Infrared spectral measurements of the νNH first overtone and electric dipole moment measurements indicate that N–H in a piperazine ring prefers the equatorial position by about the same amount as in piperidine. However, where another heteroatom is in the β-position, as in tetrahydro-1,3-oxazines, tetrahydro-1,3-thiazines, and hexahydropyrimidines, there is a strong preference for NH to become axial. The reasons for this behaviour are discussed
Immunomodulatory dietary polysaccharides: a systematic review of the literature (2010)

Taken as a whole, the oral polysaccharide literature is highly heterogenous and is not sufficient to support broad product structure/function generalizations. Numerous dietary polysaccharides, particularly glucans, appear to elicit diverse immunomodulatory effects in numerous animal tissues, including the blood, GI tract and spleen. Glucan extracts from the Trametes versicolor mushroom improved survival and immune function in human RCTs of cancer patients; glucans, arabinogalactans and fucoidans elicited immunomodulatory effects in controlled studies of healthy adults and patients with canker sores and seasonal allergies. This review provides a foundation that can serve to guide future research on immune modulation by well-characterized polysaccharide compounds.
Tactile Haptics: A Study of Roughness Perception in Virtual Environments (2009)

This thesis presents the design of a tactile device that can be used to display varying magnitudes of roughness. The device is designed to be attached to an existing force feedback device in order to create a package that is able to display both macro-level (force feedback) and micro-level (tactile feedback) information to the users. This device allows the users to feel a simulated texture by placing an index finger on an aperture. The stimulus is created with a spiral brush made of nylon bristles. The brush is attached to a DC motor and the speed and direction of rotation of the brush are used to generate textures at the fingertip through the aperture. &#13;\n&#13;\nThree psychophysical experiments are conducted to study the effects of speed and direction on the roughness perception. The first experiment is designed to investigate the sensitivity to a change in the speed of the brush. This experiment is conducted for two levels of base speed and it is found that as the base speed increases, the just noticeable difference (JND) with respect to speed decreases. &#13;\n&#13;\nIn the second experiment, it is found that this tactile device is able to represent textures of rough nature, such as sandpaper. It is also found that the human roughness perception cannot be described in a unique manner. Two opposite definitions of rough textures are identified in this experiment. While some users relate an increase in the speed of the brush to increasing roughness, others relate it to decreasing roughness. Further, the results show that the effects of direction are insignificant on the roughness perception for both groups of users. &#13;\n&#13;\nIn the third experiment, the effects of direction are studied more closely by presenting the two directions successively with a time gap of $0.5s$. It is found that with this small time gap, the users are able to discriminate between directions, unlike in the previous experiment. The roughness perception is affected by the change in direction when the time gap is small. &#13;\n&#13;\nThese findings open further areas that need to be investigated before a robust tactile device can be designed.