gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Compositional Dependence of Superconducting Transition Temperature and Long Range Order Parameter in A15 Type V<SUB>3</SUB>Ga (2001)

In this study the compositional dependence of Tc was investigated for A15 type V3Ga compound which shows a comparatively high value of Tc among metallic superconductors, and the results were discussed in terms of crystal structure determined by X-ray diffraction.It has been found that V3Ga compounds keep the same Tc in the V-rich compositional range as that at the stoichiometric composition. This result is quite different from the previously reported ones, and is mainly attributed to the difference in annealing time.Detailed analysis by X-ray diffraction for different compositions of V3Ga proved that the long range ordering for the V site is strongly related to the compositional dependence of Tc rather than the total long range ordering of V3Ga. About compositional dependence of lattice parameter, lattice constant a increases as Ga-composition increases. In the V-rich compositional range, a increases a little. These have been also discussed on the basis of the results of lattice spacing. It is concluded that the Tc of V3Ga is associated with both the long range ordering of V site and the atomic spacing of the V-chain.
DETECTION OF CIRCULATING UROPLAKIN-POSITIVE CELLS IN PATIENTS WITH TRANSITIONAL CELL CARCINOMA OF THE BLADDER (1999)

Uroplakin II is a highly specific marker for human TCC and the detection of uroplakin II in the peripheral blood is associated with metastatic spread of bladder cancer cells. The specific and sensitive detection of uroplakin II provides a useful adjunct for detecting bladder cancer metastasis, staging, and monitoring chemotherapeutic response.
Onset of Small-World Behavior in Topologically Evolving Networks (2003)

We evolve topology of a network of N fully-coupled nodes that interact according to repulsion-attractiondynamics within a confining wall. The dynamics portrays each node’s tendency to keep distance from itscompetitors while maintaining a lighter tendency to resist relative isolation. Each node is characterizedby two parameters: an intrinsic mobility µ and a preferred neighboring distance ρ. Onset of clustering isfound to occur at a critical variance in mobility, σµ2 = 1, and in preferred neighboring distance, σµ2 = 10.This result implies that small-world behavior manifested in clustering can be triggered by the diversity ofnode population.
Enhanced folded source-coupled logic technique for low-voltage mixed-signal integrated circuits (2000)

The advantages of CMOS differential-stack current-mode logic techniques together with the load-driving capability, switching speed, and noise immunity of bipolar devices has been exploited to develop a novel enhanced folded source coupled logic (FSCL) technique. A pair of quiet low-impedance push-pull load steering emitter followers (EF's) are implemented at the mutually complementary outputs of the CMOS FSCL (CFSCL) gate to obtain the EF/sup 2/SCL gate structure. This modification considerably improves the performance of the gate at low supply voltages for a mixed-mode environment (e.g., /spl Sigma//spl Delta/ data converters in digital audio, video, and radio frequency applications) without the cost of substantial power-supply spikes. Thorough current steering and dynamic-charge storage analysis at 100 MHz, using a 3.3-V supply voltage and BSIM process parameters was performed to evaluate the performance enhancement achievable by the EF/sup 2/SCL technique. A 4-bit carry-lookahead with carry skip was achieved in 2 ns using a single EF/sup 2/SCL logic gate, compared to 9 ns for a CFSCL gate. In addition, the deterioration of the voltage-swing (and hence the noise margin) with power-supply scaling and increased differential logic input stack-size is considerably more pronounced in a CFSCL gate compared to an EF/sup 2/SCL gate. EF/sup 2/SCL thus permits logic implementation using fewer stages compared to CFSCL, and hence reduces delay latency in a pipelined system. A tiny chip using MOSIS Orbit 2-/spl mu/m n-well analog CMOS process (which provides a p-base diffusion layer for low-cost n-p-n device option) was used for the experimental verification.
Towards physiological complexity with in vitro single-molecule biophysics (2012)

Single-molecule biology has matured in recent years, driven to greater sophistication by the development of increasingly advanced experimental techniques. A progressive appreciation for its unique strengths is attracting research that spans an exceptionally broad swath of physiological phenomena--from the function of nucleosomes to protein diffusion in the cell membrane. Newfound enthusiasm notwithstanding, the single-molecule approach is limited to an intrinsically defined set of biological questions; such limitation applies to all experimental approaches, and an explicit statement of the boundaries delineating each set offers a guide to most fruitfully orienting in vitro single-molecule research in the future. Here, we briefly describe a simple conceptual framework to categorize how submolecular, molecular and intracellular processes are studied. We highlight the domain of single-molecule biology in this scheme, with an emphasis on its ability to probe various forms of heterogeneity inherent to populations of discrete biological macromolecules. We then give a general overview of our high-throughput DNA curtain methodology for studying protein-nucleic acid interactions, and by contextualizing it within this framework, we explore what might be the most enticing avenues of future research. We anticipate that a focus on single-molecule biology's unique strengths will suggest a new generation of experiments with greater complexity and more immediately translatable physiological relevance.
Geometry of the Sample Frequency Spectrum and the Perils of Demographic Inference (2017)

The sample frequency spectrum (SFS), which describes the distribution of mutant alleles in a sample of DNA sequences, is a widely used summary statistic in population genetics. The expected SFS has a strong dependence on the historical population demography and this property is exploited by popular statistical methods to infer complex demographic histories from DNA sequence data. Most, if not all, of these inference methods exhibit pathological behavior, however. Specifically, they often display runaway behavior in optimization, where the inferred population sizes and epoch durations can degenerate to zero or diverge to infinity, and show undesirable sensitivity to perturbations in the data. The goal of this article is to provide theoretical insights into why such problems arise. To this end, we characterize the geometry of the expected SFS for piecewise-constant demographies and use our results to show that the aforementioned pathological behavior of popular inference methods is intrinsic to the geometry of the expected SFS. We provide explicit descriptions and visualizations for a toy model, and generalize our intuition to arbitrary sample sizes using tools from convex and algebraic geometry. We also develop a universal characterization result which shows that the expected SFS of a sample of size <i>n</i> under an arbitrary population history can be recapitulated by a piecewise-constant demography with only [Formula: see text] epochs, where [Formula: see text] is between [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] The set of expected SFS for piecewise-constant demographies with fewer than [Formula: see text] epochs is open and nonconvex, which causes the above phenomena for inference from data.
Beyond Melanoma: Inhibiting The PD-1/PD-L1 Pathway in Solid Tumors (2016)

Immune checkpoint inhibitors have been identified as breakthrough treatment in melanoma given its dramatic response to PD-1/PD-L1 blockade. This is likely to extend to many other cancers as hundreds of clinical trials are being conducted or proposed using this exciting modality of therapy in a variety of malignancies. While immune checkpoint inhibitors have been extensively studied in melanoma and more recently in lung cancer, little is known regarding immune checkpoint blockade in other cancers. This review will focus on the tumor immune microenvironment, the expression of PD-1/PD-L1 and the effect of immune modulation using PD-1 or PD-L1 inhibitors in patients with head and neck, prostate, urothelial, renal, breast, gastrointestinal and lung cancers.
A modified cuckoo search algorithm for dynamic optimization problems (2016)

This paper proposes a simple modification of the Cuckoo Search called CS for a dynamic environment. In this paper, we consider a dynamic optimization problem where the global optimum can be cyclically changed depending on time. Our modified CS algorithm holds good candidates in order to effectively explore the search space near those candidates with an intensive local search. Our first experiment tests the prosed method on a set of static optimization problems, which aims at evaluating the potential performance of the proposed method. Then, we apply it to a dynamic optimization problem. Experimental results on the static problems show that the proposed method derives a better performance than the conventional method, which suggest the proposed method potentially has a good capability of finding a good solution. On the dynamic problem, the proposed method also performs well while the conventional method fails to find a better solution.
Tuning Interior Nanogaps of Double-shelled Au/Ag Nanoboxes for Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering (2015)

Double-shelled Au/Ag hollow nanoboxes with precisely controlled interior nanogaps (1 to 16 nm) were synthesized for gap-tunable surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS). The double-shelled nanoboxes were prepared via a two-step galvanic replacement reaction approach using Ag nanocubes as the templates, while 4-aminothiolphenol (4-ATP) as SERS probe molecules were loaded between the two shells. More than 10-fold enhancement of SERS is observed from the double-shelled nanoboxes than Ag nanocubes. In addition, the SERS of the double-shelled nanoboxes increase significantly with the decrease of gap size, consistent with the theoretical prediction that smaller gap size induces larger localized electromagnetic enhancement.
Equivalence of time and frequency domain modeling for lithium ion batteries (2021)

Lithium-ion batteries are common energy sources for electric vehicles, energy storage systems, and require characterization techniques to evaluate the states and performance. The low frequency dynamics of lithium-ion batteries are rarely described accurately in existing models, which leads to the inability to establish the equivalence relationship between the time-domain model and the frequency-domain model. In this study, the equivalence of time and frequency domain modeling of lithium-ion batteries is illustrated based on a comparison between the parameter values of the equivalent circuit model (ECM) obtained from the time domain and those of the same ECM from the frequency domain. The time-domain parameters are extracted from the Hybrid Pulse Power Characterization (HPPC), and the frequency-domain ECM is fitted by the Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The equivalence is verified by theoretical derivation and experiments.
Short latency somatosensory evoked potentials during active hand movements. (1985)

This study was designed to investigate the effect of active movement on spinal and cortical evoked responses. During voluntary hand movements the cervical and cortical short latency somatosensory evoked potentials (SEP) elicited by stimulation of the median nerve at the wrist were studied in nine healthy subjects. The latencies of the SEPs were not affected by active movements whereas the peak to peak amplitudes of the main cervical (N13-P15) and the main cortical (N20-P25) deflections were significantly reduced. The cortical subcomponents (N16 and N17), probably reflecting thalamic and thalamocortical activity, were not significantly affected by movements. The amplitude reductions in the cervical and cortical recordings might be related to proprioceptive feedback from the muscle afferents.
A novel allophycocyanin gene (apcD) fromCyanophora paradoxacyanelles (1990)

Journal Article A novel allophycocyanin gene (apcD) from Cyanophora paradoxa cyanelles Get access Christine B. Michalowski, Christine B. Michalowski 1Department of Biochemistry, The University of ArizonaTucson, AZ 85721, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Hans J. Bohnert, Hans J. Bohnert * 1Department of Biochemistry, The University of ArizonaTucson, AZ 85721, USA3Departments of Molecular and Cellular Biology and of Plant Sciences, The University of ArizonaTucson, AZ 85721, USA * To whom correspondence should be addressed at Departments of Molecular and Cell Biology and of Plant Sciences, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Wolfgang Löffelhardt Wolfgang Löffelhardt 2Institut für Allgemeine Biochemie und Ludwig-Boltzmann-Forschungsstelle für Biochemie, Universität WienA-1090 Wien, Austria Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Nucleic Acids Research, Volume 18, Issue 8, 25 April 1990, Page 2186, https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/18.8.2186 Published: 25 April 1990 Article history Received: 05 March 1990 Published: 25 April 1990
The Transfer of Polystyrene Microspheres from the Gastrointestinal Tract to the Circulation after Oral Administration in the Rat (1995)

Factors relating to the transfer of latex microspheres of 0.87 micron mean diameter from the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) to the circulation have been investigated. The rapidity of appearance and the number of particles increased when the volume of water used as a suspending vehicle was increased. This was probably due to barrier cell integrity being compromised so that the movement of particles across the enterocytes would be enhanced. Particles were swept into these channels by the waterflow. The tonicity of the fluid was important as isotonic and hypertonic saline were not as effective as water in transferring particles. Particles were transferred from GIT segments adjacent to the stomach which may in part explain the rapid appearance of particles in the circulation. Particle uptake was blocked by cytochalasin B which suggests an active component may also be involved.
Development of squamous cell carcinomas in Darier disease: a new model for skin carcinogenesis? (2008)

Journal Article Development of squamous cell carcinomas in Darier disease: a new model for skin carcinogenesis? Get access D.T. Alexandrescu, D.T. Alexandrescu Georgetown Dermatology, Washington, DC 20017, U.S.A. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar C.A. Dasanu, C.A. Dasanu GrupHealth Oncology, Seattle, WA, U.S.A. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar H. Farzanmehr, H. Farzanmehr Department of Pathology, Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC, U.S.A. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar C.L. Kauffman C.L. Kauffman Georgetown Dermatology, Washington, DC 20017, U.S.A. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 159, Issue 6, 1 December 2008, Pages 1378–1380, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.2008.08855.x Published: 01 December 2008
Reaction of Organoboranes with iodine (1982)

Abstract The reaction of organoboranes with iodine is an efficient method for synthesizing alkyl iodides.1–3 Unfortunately the earlier methods employed sodium methoxide as a reactant which is a potential problem when the organoborane contians reactive functional groups. We recently reported that organoboranes readily react with iodine monochloride in the presence of sodium acetate, a mild base.4,5.
EPOXYEICOSATRIENOIC ACIDS AND ACTIVATORS OF THE MAXI-POTASSIUM CHANNEL DISPLAY ANTIPLATELET ACTIVITIES AND INHIBIT EXPERIMENTAL THROMBOSIS (2019)

Objective: Epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) act as vasodilators activating high conductance calcium-operated potassium (K) channels (Kca1.1, also named BK, MAXI-K). We found expression of MAXI-K channel in platelets. The present study aimed at defining its functionality in platelet using an in vitro model of platelet thrombosis. Design and method: We tested the effects of 5 μmol/L 11,12-EET and the pharmacological modulation of MAXI-K channel (agonists: 5 and 20 μmol/L BMS 191011, 5 μmol/L NS1619, 5 μmol/L NS11021). Platelet rich plasma was used to assess adhesion-induced thrombi formation under flow by microfluidics technology with collagen-coated microchips mimicking arterial blood flow. The kinetic of platelet responses to scalar doses of 0.3–10 μmol/L ADP, 0.05–2 μmol/L U46619 0.5–10 μg/mL collagen was determined by paired analysis using Born aggregometry. Flow-cytometry was used to analyse the expression of active fibrinogen receptor and P-selectin in stimulated platelets. The effects of 100 μmol/L aspirin and 1 μmol/L ticagrelor were also assessed. Results: In vitro thrombi formation was halved (expressed as platelet-covered area) by pre-treatment with either 11,12-EET (−45 ± 11%, n = 5, P < 0.001 vs control, Mean ± SD), aspirin (−66 ± 8%, n = 4, P < 0.001) or ticagrelor (−55 ± 8%, n = 4, P < 0.001). Similar results were obtained using BMS 5 μmol/L (−54 ± 17%, n = 6, P < 0.001), NS1619 (−50 ± 19%, n = 9, P < 0.001), NS11021 (−60 ± 21%, n = 6, P < 0.001). The addition of 20 μmol/L BMS191011 prior to platelet aggregation (EC50: 2.67 μmol/L, 95%CI: 0.97–7.29, n = 36) significantly shifted to the right the dose response-curve to ADP (EC50: 0.91 μmol/L, 0.43–1.92, n = 36). Platelet aggregation was further blunted by the addition of aspirin to BMS191011 (EC50: 6.18 μmol/L, 2.11–18.09, n = 36). U46619- and collagen-induced aggregation was not altered. ADP-induced activation of the fibrinogen receptor (−48 ± 14% to −62 ± 10%, n = 7, P < 0.05) and P-selectin expression (−37 ± 15% to −41 ± 13%, n = 7, P < 0.01) were blunted by the activators of MAXI-K channel. Conclusions: Activation of the MAXI-K channel by 11,12-EET and all the tested synthetic compounds is associated with reduced sensitivity to ADP and reduced thrombus generation through the inhibition of the amplificatory phase of platelet activation. The present results reveal new mechanisms of platelet activation and suggest that targeting MAXI-K might be of potential pharmacological interest for the prevention of atherothrombosis.
Adjuvant radiotherapy in stage 1 seminoma: Evaluation of prognostic factors and results of survival (2015)

Adjuvant RT resulted in excellent long-term survival and local control in patients with stage-1 seminoma after orchiectomy. During a short follow-up, secondary malignancy (SM) and late cardiovascular morbidity were not observed. Despite those results, concern of SM and late cardiovascular morbidity remains.
ChemInform Abstract: An Efficient Method for Chemoselective Thioacetalization of Aldehydes in the Presence of a Catalytic Amount of Acidic Ionic Liquid under Solvent‐Free Conditions. (2009)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Triplex- and Duplex-Forming Abilities of Oligonucleotides Containing 2′-Deoxy-5-trifluoromethyluridine and 2′-Deoxy-5-trifluoromethylcytidine (2017)

A facile synthesis of 2'-deoxy-5-trifluoromethyluridine and 2'-deoxy-5-trifluoromethylcytidine phosphoramidites from commercially available 2'-deoxyuridine and 2'-deoxycytidine was achieved, respectively. The obtained phosphoramidites were incorporated into oligonucleotides, and their binding affinity to double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) and single-stranded RNA (ssRNA) was evaluated by UV-melting experiments. The triplex-forming abilities of oligonucleotides including 5-trifluoromethylpyrimidine nucleobases with dsDNA were decreased. Especially, the stability of the triplex containing a trifluoromethylcytosine (<sup>CF3</sup>C)-GC base triplet was low, likely due to the low pK<sub>a</sub> of protonated <sup>CF3</sup>C by the electron-withdrawing trifluoromethyl group. A slight decrease in stability of the duplex formed with ssRNA by oligonucleotides including 5-trifluoromethylpyrimidine nucleobases was only observed, suggesting that they might be applicable to various ssRNA-targeted technologies using features of fluorine atoms.
Ultrahigh‐Quality Silicon Carbide Single Crystals. (2004)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Correction to: Eculizumab: A Review in Generalized Myasthenia Gravis (2018)

The article Eculizumab: A Review in Generalized Myasthenia Gravis, written by Sohita Dhillon, was originally published Online First without open access.
Electro-optic response of a cell with two liquid crystalline layers (1998)

A significant jump of bias voltage as well as an increase of a steepness parameter of a VTC in a thicker LC layer was calculated theoretically and observed experimentally in a cell consisting of two nematic layers with different thickness.
Improved hematopoiesis in anemic Sl/Sld mice by splenectomy and therapeutic transplantation of a hematopoietic microenvironment (1989)

The ability of a clonal hematopoiesis-supportive bone-marrow stromal cell line GBlneor to engraft and alter the microenvironment-induced anemia of Sl/Sld mice was studied. Prior to stromal cell transplantation, Sl/Sld mice received 1 Gy total body irradiation (TBI) and 13 Gy to the right hind limb. Two months after intravenous (IV) injection of 5 x 10(5) GBlneor cells, 54.4% +/- 17.0% donor origin (G418r) colony-forming cells were recovered from the right hind limb of Sl/Sld mice. Long-term bone marrow cultures (LTBMCs) established from GBlneor-transplanted mice produced 189.5 CFU-GEMM-forming progenitors/flask over 10 weeks compared with 52.7 +/- 6.2 CFU-GEMM forming progenitors/flask from irradiated nontransplanted Sl/Sld mice. A partial correction of macrocytic anemia was detected 2 months after GBlneor transplantation in splenectomized, irradiated Sl/Sld mice (HgB 7.2 +/- 0.4 g/dL; MCV 68.3 +/- 7.0 fL) compared to splenectomized, irradiated, nontransplanted Sl/Sld mice (HgB 5.5 +/- 1.1 g/dL; MCV 76 +/- 8.5 fL) or control Sl/Sld mice (HgB 5.4 +/- 0.5 g/dL; MCV 82.4 +/- 1.3 fL). Mean RBC volume distribution analysis showed a 2.5-fold increase in percentage of peripheral blood RBCs with MCV less than or equal to 45 fL and confirmed reduction of the MCV in splenectomized-GBlneor-transplanted mice compared to control Sl/Sld mice. A hematopoiesis-suppressive clonal stromal cell line derived from LTBMCs of Sl/Sld mice (Sldneor) engrafted as effectively (43.5% +/- 1.2% G418r CFU-F/limb) as did GBlneor cells (38.3% +/- 0.16% G418r CFU-F/limb) to the irradiated right hind limbs of C57Bl/6 mice. LTBMCs established after 2 or 6 months from Sldneor-transplanted mice showed decreased hematopoiesis (182 +/- 12 [2 months] and 3494.3 +/- 408.1 [6 months] CFU-GEMM forming progenitors/flask over 10 weeks) compared to those established from GBlneor-transplanted mice (5980 +/- 530 [2 months] and 7728 +/- 607, [6 months] CFU-GEMM progenitors forming/flask). Thus, transplantation of clonal bone-marrow stromal cell lines in vivo can stably transfer their physiologic properties to normal or mutant mice.