gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Articulatory model for the study of speech production (1973)

Study of midsagittal x-ray tracings reveals that the vocal-tract outline can be accurately represented by means of variables specifying the positions of the jaw, tongue body, tongue tip, lips, velum, and hyoid. As the articulators move, they modify the vocal-tract cross-sectional area and the vocal-tract transfer function computed thereform. The speech signal may be synthesized by concatenating the responses to repeated excitation of the quasistatic vocal tract. Vowels are specified in terms of variables denoting the positions of the jaw, tongue body, lips, and velum. Consonants are implemented as transformations on the underlying vowel-derived articulatory states that satisfy given constraints on the position of an articulator relative to the fixed structures. The set of states which satisfy the given constraint corresponds to the allowed productions of the consonant. Coarticulation effects control the selection of the underlying state and thus determine the particular consonant produced. Vowel-consonant-vowel sequences generated with the aid of rules for articulator movement and the articulator-position to vocal-tract cross-sectional-area transformation are intelligible and exhibit coarticulation in agreement with acoustic measurements.
CryoEM structure of the type IVa pilus secretin required for natural competence in Vibrio cholerae (2020)

Natural transformation is the process by which bacteria take up genetic material from their environment and integrate it into their genome by homologous recombination. It represents one mode of horizontal gene transfer and contributes to the spread of traits like antibiotic resistance. In Vibrio cholerae, a type IVa pilus (T4aP) is thought to facilitate natural transformation by extending from the cell surface, binding to exogenous DNA, and retracting to thread this DNA through the outer membrane secretin, PilQ. Here, we use a functional tagged allele of VcPilQ purified from native V. cholerae cells to determine the cryoEM structure of the VcPilQ secretin in amphipol to ~2.7 Å. We use bioinformatics to examine the domain architecture and gene neighborhood of T4aP secretins in Proteobacteria in comparison with VcPilQ. This structure highlights differences in the architecture of the T4aP secretin from the type II and type III secretion system secretins. Based on our cryoEM structure, we design a series of mutants to reversibly regulate VcPilQ gate dynamics. These experiments support the idea of VcPilQ as a potential druggable target and provide insight into the channel that DNA likely traverses to promote the spread of antibiotic resistance via horizontal gene transfer by natural transformation.
Alkaline Sodium Hypochlorite Irrigant and Its Chemical Interactions (2017)

Endodontic irrigating solutions may interact chemically with one another. This is important, because even when solutions are not admixed, they will come into contact with one another during an alternating irrigation technique, forming unwanted by-products, which may be toxic or irritant. Mixing or alternating irrigants can also reduce their ability to clean and disinfect the root canal system of teeth by changing their chemical structure with subsequent loss of the active agent, or by inducing precipitate formation in the root canal system. Precipitates occlude dental tubules, resulting in less penetration of antimicrobials and a loss of disinfection efficacy. Sodium hypochlorite is not only a very reactive oxidizing agent, but is also the most commonly used endodontic irrigant. As such, many interactions occurring between it and other irrigants, chelators and other antimicrobials, may occur. Of particular interest is the interaction between sodium hypochlorite and the chelators EDTA, citric acid and etidronate and between sodium hypochlorite and the antimicrobials chlorhexidine, alexidine, MTAD and octenisept.
Ferroelectricity and negative piezoelectric coefficient in orthorhombic phase pure ZrO2 thin films (2022)

A new approach for epitaxial stabilisation of ferroelectric orthorhombic (o-) ZrO2 films with negative piezoelectric coefficient in ∼ 8nm thick films grown by ion-beam sputtering is demonstrated. Films on (011)-Nb:SrTiO3 gave the oriented o-phase, as confirmed by transmission electron microscopy and electron backscatter diffraction mapping, grazing incidence x-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy. Scanning probe microscopy techniques and macroscopic polarization-electric field hysteresis loops show ferroelectric behavior, with saturation polarization of ∼14.3 µC/cm2, remnant polarization of ∼9.3 µC/cm2 and coercive field ∼1.2 MV/cm. In contrast to the o-films grown on (011)-Nb:SrTiO3, films grown on (001)-Nb:SrTiO3 showed mixed monoclinic (m-) and o-phases causing an inferior remnant polarization of ∼4.8 µC/cm2, over 50% lower than the one observed for the film grown on (011)-Nb:SrTiO3. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations of the SrTiO3/ZrO2 interfaces support the experimental findings of a stable polar o-phase for growth on (011) Nb:SrTiO3, and they also explain the negative piezoelectric coefficient.
Reactively loaded adaptive circular arrays for wireless communications (2002)

A non-conventional approach is presented for the adaptivity of antennas dedicated to indoor wireless communications. It is based on the adaptive choice of reactances connected to peripheral monopoles in a circular array, allowing efficient control of the radiation pattern in both elevation and azimuth. The antenna capability to reject spurious signals has been tested by electromagnetic computations and measurements, according to various adaptivity algorithms. The results are surprisingly good, even for a very small number (4) of adjusted reactances.
The reaction of stock market returns to unemployment (2017)

Abstract We empirically investigate the short-run impact of anticipated and unanticipated unemployment rates on stock prices. We particularly examine the nonlinearity in the stock market’s reaction to the unemployment rate and study the effect at each individual point (quantile) of the stock return distribution. Using nonparametric Granger causality and quantile regression-based tests, we find that only anticipated unemployment rate has a strong impact on stock prices. Quantile regression analysis shows that the causal effects of anticipated unemployment rate on stock returns are usually heterogeneous across quantiles. For the quantile range 0.35, 0.80, an increase in the anticipated unemployment rate leads to an increase in stock market prices. For other quantiles, the impact is generally statistically insignificant. Thus, an increase in the anticipated unemployment rate is, in general, good news for stock prices. Finally, we offer a reasonable explanation for the reason, and manner in which, the unemployment rate affects stock market prices. Using the Fisher and Phillips curve equations, we show that a high unemployment rate is followed by monetary policy action of the Federal Reserve (Fed). When the unemployment rate is high, the Fed decreases the interest rate, which in turn increases the stock market prices.
Image libraries and the Internet (1999)

Digital imaging is becoming a major information resource within the Internet. Although image access tools are primitive today, they are evolving rapidly. We look at content descriptor-based and pixel-based image queries for accessing large image libraries. The access methods will be combined and enhanced in future retrieval systems.
Lariatins, Antimycobacterial Peptides Produced by Rhodococcus sp. K01−B0171, Have a Lasso Structure (2006)

Two antimycobacterial agents, lariatins A and B, were isolated from the culture broth of Rhodococcus sp. K01-B0171. Their structures were elucidated by spectral analysis and advanced protein chemical methods to be unique cyclic peptides, which consist of 18 and 20 L-amino acid residues with an internal linkage between the gamma-carboxyl group of Glu8 and the alpha-amino group of Gly1. The three-dimensional structure of lariatin A deduced from NMR data by dynamical simulated annealing method indicates that the tail segment (Trp9-Pro18) passes through the ring segment (Gly1-Glu8) to form a 'lasso' structure.
Reply (2020)

We thank Drs Li and Li for their comments on our paper1. Early prenatal diagnosis has been a longstanding objective in fetal medicine, and its acceptability inevitably depends on safety and accuracy. We would like to highlight the following points: First, regarding safety, the fetal loss rate following celocentesis in women continuing the pregnancy was 2.3% (7/307). This study did not have a control group and therefore the procedure-related fetal loss rate cannot be calculated. However, it was demonstrated in a Greek population that, in pregnancies with a live fetus, the incidence of fetal loss decreases from about 8% at 7 weeks to 3% at 9 weeks of gestation2. In addition, in a recently published meta-analysis examining the rate of fetal loss following chorionic villus sampling, which was performed beyond 10 weeks of gestation, it was reported that the risk for miscarriage in the group of women who did not have the procedure was 1.23%3, and it is therefore highly unlikely that celocentesis is associated with a significant risk for miscarriage. Second, regarding laboratory failure in our study, we reported on procedures performed over a long period of time (from April 2006 until October 2017). During this period, there were no cases of a false-positive or false-negative result. Although initially the laboratory failure rate was very high, improvements in the techniques used resulted in obtaining accurate and reliable results in all cases4. Therefore, the 10% rate of either miscarriage due to the procedure or failure in obtaining results is erroneous. Third, regarding non-invasive prenatal diagnosis, we agree that non-invasive prenatal diagnosis would be the most appropriate method since it is not associated with any risks for the pregnancy. However, for the time being, these techniques examining cell-free DNA in maternal blood are used for screening (and not diagnosis) for aneuploidy, with a very high detection rate for trisomy 21 but being less effective for other trisomies5. Regarding hemoglobinopathy, diagnosis is often difficult or even incorrect with a false-positive or false-negative result, and further improvements are needed before they can be used in clinical practice, especially when both parents carry the same trait6, 7. Additionally, these techniques are generally applied beyond 10 weeks of gestation and, therefore, any possibility of intrauterine treatment is lost.
A Flat and Thin Wideband Antenna with Band-Notch and Monopole-like Radiation Characteristics (2020)

A low profile wideband circular patch antenna with monopole-like radiation patterns and band-notch characteristics is presented. The proposed antenna covers from 3.8 to 9.3 GHz with a band rejection in 5 to 6.2 GHz. This is achieved by loading the antenna with two rectangular slots and two parasitic rings. By combination of two modes of TM <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">01</sub> and TM <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">02</sub> , the monopole-like radiation patterns are achieved over the entire bandwidth. The profile of the proposed planar antenna is only 0.04λ <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">min</sub> height.
Welding of Thin Glass Plates with a CO<SUB>2</SUB> Laser Beam (2006)

This paper describes a method of welding two plates of glass together using a CO2 laser with a laser power of 15.2 W and a wavelength of 10.6×10-6m. The experiment is conducted using plates of borosilicate glass and borosilicate kron glass (BK7). The thicknesses of glass plates are 1.0×10-3m. The glass plates are preheated at above 400°C in an electric furnace and then exposed to a laser beam of a power density of 7.34×106 W/m2 with a welding speed of 0.6 ×10-3 m/s. The welding is successful for a number of trials without failure. The welding of cover glasses with a thickness of 0.12×10-3m is also successfully carried out.
Environmental Methods Review: Retooling Impact Assessment for the New Century (1998)

Abstract : During the 1960s, there was an upsurge of concern among advanced industrialized nations over Unforeseen adverse effects of technological innovation. The concern led to adoption of methods for estimating and forecasting the impacts of technology and development on public health and safety, social and economic stability, and the environment. Among these were technology assessment, risk assessment, cost benefit analysis, and environmental impact assessment. In the United States, the assessment of the effects of public projects or proposals having a major foreseeable impact on the environment became statutory law under the National Environmental Policy Act of 1969. This statute, and the methods it stimulated, has possibly had the greatest international impact of any American legislation.
Coke Selection Criteria for Abrasion Resistant Graphitized Cathodes (2011)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Selection of Cokes Experimental Testing Results Discussion Conclusion
Endotoxemia Following Multiple Trauma (2015)

It is the first study to detect increasing levels of endotoxemia following multiple trauma. Shock and early surgery predict the development of endotoxemia; endotoxemia is particularly associated with cardiovascular dysfunction. However, Gram-negative infections are uncommon in these patients, suggesting that the gastrointestinal tract is the dominant reservoir of endotoxin. Endotoxin may be an appropriate therapeutic target in patients who have sustained severe multiple trauma.
Comprehensive studies of the Li+ effect on NaYF4:Yb/Er nanocrystals: morphology, structure, and upconversion luminescence (2017)

Impurity doping plays a critical role in altering the properties of target nanomaterials in terms of designed morphologies, crystal structures, and functionalities. In this work, we have performed a comprehensive investigation of the effect of Li<sup>+</sup> doping on the morphology, crystal structure, and upconversion luminescence of NaYF<sub>4</sub>:Yb/Er nanocrystals. Different Li<sup>+</sup> sources, e.g., LiOA and LiOH, were used and the Li<sup>+</sup> doping concentration varied from 0 to 100 mol%. The final product changes from hexagonal NaYF<sub>4</sub>:Yb/Er to the mixture of cubic NaYF<sub>4</sub>:Yb/Er and tetragonal LiYF<sub>4</sub>:Yb/Er, and finally to pure tetragonal LiYF<sub>4</sub>:Yb/Er. More importantly, at an ultra-low concentration of 0.5 mol% Li<sup>+</sup> doping, as high as 34 times green and 101 times red emission enhancements are achieved.
Comparison of Transmission Electron Microscope Cross Sections of Amorphous Regions in Ion Implanted Silicon with Point‐Defect Density Calculations (1992)

The width of the amorphous zone in the near‐surface region of (100) silicon and polycrystalline silicon formed during high‐dose silicon, phosphorus, or arsenic implantation is measured by cross‐sectional transmission electron microscopy. Various technologically important examples were selected for this study. Comparison with point‐defect density calculations yields a critical point‐defect density for the crystalline‐to‐amorphous transition of for all implantations. The width of the amorphous zone may be predicted for Si+, P+, and As+ implants with an accuracy of less than 5%. The calculations reproduce perfectly the two‐dimensional shape of the amorphous/crystalline interface below an implantation mask edge.
Cross-Elicitation to Spiramycin in a Patient with Airborne Allergic Contact Dermatitis to Tylosin (2021)

From the ∗Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University †Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA. Address reprint requests to Aditi Kale, BS, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, 19 Bentley Lane, Ocean, NJ 07712. E-mail: [email protected]. The authors have no funding or conflicts of interest to declare.
Exploiting the Nitrilotriacetic Acid Moiety for Biolabeling with Ultrastable Perylene Dyes (2008)

Fluorescent probes are essential for the exploration of protein function, detection of molecular interactions, and conformational changes. The nitrilotriacetic acid derivatives of different chromophores were successfully used for site-selective noncovalent fluorescence labeling of histidine-tagged proteins. All of them, however, suffer from the same drawback--loss of the fluorescence upon binding of the nickel ions. Herein we present the solution and solid phase synthesis of water-soluble perylene(dicarboximide) functionalized with a nitrilotriacetic acid moiety (PDI-NTA). The photophysical properties of PDI-NTA revealed an exceptional photostability and fluorescence quantum yield that remained unchanged upon addition of nickel ions. The F1 complex of F0F1-ATP synthase from Escherichia coli, containing three hexahistidine tags, was labeled and the suitability for site-specific labeling of the new chromophore demonstrated using fluorescence correlation spectroscopy.
Hepatic triglyceride lipase promotes low density lipoprotein receptor-mediated catabolism of very low density lipoproteins in vitro (1999)

We demonstrate here that hepatic triglyceride lipase (HTGL) enhances VLDL degradation in cultured cells by a LDL receptor-mediated mechanism. VLDL binding at 4 degrees C and degradation at 37 degrees C by normal fibroblasts was stimulated by HTGL in a dose-dependent manner. A maximum increase of up to 7-fold was seen at 10 microg/ml HTGL. Both VLDL binding and degradation were significantly increased (4-fold) when LDL receptors were up-regulated by treatment with lovastatin. HTGL also stimulated VLDL degradation by LDL receptor-deficient FH fibroblasts but the level of maximal degradation was 40-fold lower than in lovastatin-treated normal fibroblasts. A prominent role for LDL receptors was confirmed by demonstration of similar HTGL-promoted VLDL degradation by normal and LRP-deficient murine embryonic fibroblasts. HTGL enhanced binding and internalization of apoprotein-free triglyceride emulsions, however, this was LDL receptor-independent. HTGL-stimulated binding and internalization of apoprotein-free emulsions was totally abolished by heparinase indicating that it was mediated by HSPG. In a cell-free assay HTGL competitively inhibited the binding of VLDL to immobilized LDL receptors at 4 degrees C suggesting that it may directly bind to LDL receptors but may not bind VLDL particles at the same time. We conclude that the ability of HTGL to enhance VLDL degradation is due to its ability to concentrate lipoprotein particles on HSPG sites on the cell surface leading to LDL receptor-mediated endocytosis and degradation.
Digital correction of lens aberrations in light field photography (2006)

Digital light field photography consists of recording the radiance along all rays (the 4D light field) flowing into the image plane inside the camera, and using the computer to control the final convergence of rays in final images. The light field is sampled with integral photography techniques, using a microlens array in front of the sensor inside a conventional digital camera. Previous work has shown that this approach enables refocusing of photographs after the fact. This paper explores computation of photographs with reduced lens aberrations by digitally re-sorting aberrated rays to where they should have terminated. The paper presents a test with a prototype light field camera, and simulated results across a set of 35mm format lenses.
Lipopolysaccharide induces activation of CD14-associated protein tyrosine kinase p53/56lyn. (1993)

Bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induces a pleiotropic activation of the immune system which might subsequently result in septic shock. One of the cell surface receptors for LPS is the glycophosphatidylinositol-anchored protein CD14. Binding of LPS to CD14 induces production of lymphokines such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin-1 (IL-1), IL-6, and IL-8, and CD14 is subsequently released from the cell surface. However, the mechanism of signaling via CD14 is still not known. We report here that protein tyrosine kinase (PTK) p56lyn is coupled to the LPS receptor CD14 in human monocytes. LPS rapidly activates CD14-associated p56lyn simultaneously with PTKs p58hck and p59c-fgr. Inhibition of PTKs by herbimycin A completely blocks LPS-induced down-modulation of CD14 and production of TNF-alpha and IL-1. These data suggest a critical role of PTKs in the LPS/CD14-mediated signal transduction pathway in human monocytes.
An Optimization Study of an Evaporator in a Fuel Cell System Adopting Oxygen as a Fuel (2010)

This study aims to analyze the effect of an evaporator in a fuel cell system which uses oxygen as a fuel. The oxygen from a liquid storage tank flows to the evaporator in order to supply gaseous oxygen fuel to the fuel cell stack. The design of the evaporator has an effect on the temperature and mass flow rate of the gaseous oxygen being supplied to the stack, which results in a change in the performance of the fuel cell system. In order to evaluate the characteristics, several components such as an oxygen storage tank, evaporator, stack, etc. were modeled and the parameters of the evaporator simulated. Increasing the heat exchange area in an evaporator enhances the effect of heat transfer, but its cost and overheated supplying oxygen gas may have a negative effect on the performance of the system. It is important to evaluate the optimization of the evaporator in a fuel cell system to ensure the better performance of the system.
Opposing effects by glucocorticoid and bone morphogenetic protein‐2 in fetal rat bone cell cultures (1997)

Glucocorticoid in excess produces bone loss in vivo. Consistent with this, it reduces the stimulatory effect of transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) on collagen synthesis in osteoblast-enriched cultures in vitro, where it also suppresses TGF-β binding to its type I receptors. Analogous studies with bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) show directly opposite results. These findings prompted us to assess the effect of glucocorticoid on BMP-2 activity in cultured bone cells, and whether either agent had a dominant influence on TGF-β binding or function. BMP-2 activity was retained in part in osteoblast-enriched cultures pre-treated or co-treated with cortisol, and was fully evident when glucocorticoid exposure followed BMP-2 treatment. In addition, BMP-2 suppressed the effects of cortisol on TGF-β activity, on TGF-β binding, and on gene promoter activity directed by a glucocorticoid sensitive transfection construct. While BMP-2 also alters the function of less-differentiated bone cells, it only minimally prevented cortisol activity in these cultures. Our studies indicate that BMP-2 can oppose certain effects by cortisol on differentiated osteoblasts, and may reveal useful ways to diminish glucocorticoid-dependent bone wasting. J. Cell. Biochem. 67:528–540, 1997. © 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Femtochemistry: Chemical Reaction Dynamics and their Control (1997)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introductory Remarks Concept of Coherence and the Evolution to Ferntochemistry Prototype Systems: Uni- and Bimolecular Reactions Scope of Reactions Studied Concluding Remarks