gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Proposed kinetic mechanism of biodiesel production through lipase catalysed interesterification with a methyl acetate acyl acceptor and ionic liquid [BMIM][PF6] co‐solvent (2010)

Abstract The production of biodiesel was investigated using a lipase‐catalysed (Novozym 435) reaction involving methyl acetate and ionic liquid [BMIM][PF 6 ] as a co‐solvent to produce an environmentally friendly, “green” process. Experiments were conducted at various amounts of ionic liquid. The reaction mechanism was examined through use of kinetic modelling and the effect of ionic liquid was studied for the first time. Studies indicated that the reaction followed a Ping–Pong Bi–Bi mechanism, and that the ionic liquid present in the system led to reduced initial reaction rates due to mass transfer limitations.
A Modified Sequence-Domain Impedance Definition and Its Equivalence to the dq-Domain Impedance Definition for the Stability Analysis of AC Power Electronic Systems (2016)

Representation of ac power systems by frequency-dependent impedance equivalents is an emerging technique in the dynamic analysis of power systems including power electronic converters. The technique has been applied for decades in dc-power systems, and it was recently adopted to map the impedances in ac systems. Most of the work on ac systems can be categorized into two approaches. One is the analysis of the system in the dq domain, whereas the other applies harmonic linearization in the phase domain through symmetric components. Impedance models based on analytical calculations, numerical simulation, and experimental studies have been previously developed and verified in both domains independently. The authors of previous studies discuss the advantages and disadvantages of each domain separately, but neither a rigorous comparison nor an attempt to bridge them has been conducted. This paper attempts to close this gap by deriving the mathematical formulation that shows the equivalence between the dq-domain and the sequence-domain impedances. A modified form of the sequence-domain impedance matrix is proposed, and with this definition the stability estimates obtained with the generalized Nyquist criterion become equivalent in both domains. The second contribution of this paper is the definition of a mirror frequency decoupled (MFD) system. The analysis of MFD systems is less complex than that of non-MFD systems because the positive and negative sequences are decoupled. This paper shows that if a system is incorrectly assumed to be MFD, this will lead to an erroneous or ambiguous estimation of the equivalent impedance.
Could vesicular transport of Na+ and Cl– be a feature of salt tolerance in halophytes? (2018)

There is strong evidence in favour of vesicular transport in plants and circumstantial evidence in favour of the movement of ions in vesicles. Estimated rates of vesicle turnover could account for ion transport at the lower reported fluxes (around 20 nmol m-2 s-1), but the higher fluxes may require vesicles of the order of 1 μm or more in diameter. The very high fluxes reported in some salt glands might be an artefact of the way they were measured.
Diastereoselective Oxidative Addition of Dihydrogen to IrI(CO)((R)-BINAP) and [Ir(CO)2((R)-BINAP)][SbF6] (2007)

Two chiral iridium(I) (R)-BINAP complexes, IrI(CO)((R)-BINAP) (1) and [Ir(CO)2((R)-BINAP)][SbF6] (2), have been synthesized and characterized, and their reactivity with dihydrogen has been studied. Complex 1 is formed on the addition of (R)-BINAP to [Bu4N][IrI2(CO)2] in toluene, and 2 is generated by the addition of AgSbF6 to a solution of 1 in dichloromethane under CO. A structure determination of complex 2 confirms a square planar coordination geometry, while that of 1 reveals a significant tetrahedral distortion from the expected planar coordination. Additionally, the structure of 1 shows a disorder between iodide and CO ligands. The reaction of 1 with H2 proceeds under kinetic control and shows a high degree of kinetic and thermodynamic selectivity; the kinetic product is formed by H2 addition across the P-Ir-CO axis of IrI(CO)((R)-BINAP) and yields two diastereomers which then convert over time to two more stable diastereomers which correspond to oxidative addition across the P-Ir-I axis. The kinetically favored diastereomers are formed in an initial ratio of 8.6:1, corresponding to a DeltaDeltaG* of 1.27 kcal/mol. The reaction of H2 with the C2-symmetric complex 2 also leads to the formation of two diastereomers, with one favored over the other kinetically by a 9.9:1 ratio on extrapolation to t = 0. When these reactions are followed using parahydrogen NMR methods, only one of the initially formed diastereomers in each case is found to exhibit substantial parahydrogen-induced polarization in the hydride resonances at room temperature.
Characteristics of Dynamic Thrust on an Unsteady Airfoil in Pitching and Heaving Motions (2007)

The unsteady flow at low Reynolds number regions has been attracted significant attentions in recent years. However, detailed vortex flow structures and characteristics of dynamic forces acting on an unsteady airfoil at a low Reynolds number region have not been clarified sufficiently. In this study, the detailed vortex flow structures behind an unsteady airfoil in pitching and heaving motions at low Reynolds number regions have been measured by PIV measurement. Moreover, the dynamic thrust measurements on an airfoil have been performed by a six-axes sensor in a water tunnel. An unsteady airfoil in pitching and heaving motions forms thrust producing vortex streets with vortices accompanied with large vorticities, without disturbing flow around an airfoil, comparing to airfoils with independent pitching and heaving motions. In the wake of an unsteady airfoil in pitching and heaving motions, jet flow is generated at φ = π/3, π/2, π and 3π/2. In particular, jet velocity becomes over 2.0 at φ = π/3 and π and the values are greater than those of the heaving airfoil. For φ = π/3 and π/2, large dynamic thrusts are produced. The thrust efficiency increases drastically with increase of Strouhal numbers and reaches its maximum value at around St = 0.2, then decreases gradually. At φ = π/3, 2π/3, 5π/6, π, 7π/6 and 4π/3, significantly large thrusts are produced on an unsteady airfoil however at the same time large lifts and moments are generated therefore thrust efficiency becomes small. The maximum thrust efficiency is φ = π/2 and is approximately 0.40.
Spectral efficiency limit of bipolar signaling in incoherent optical CDMA systems (2002)

A universal scheme is developed to reproduce the effect of bipolar signaling in a unipolar optical channel. Without any hardware modification, the electro-optic/opto-electronic (EOE) system proposed enables the transmission of any bipolar code sequence through the unipolar optical channel while maintaining the correlation properties of the codes. The bit error rate performance of the EOE system is shown to be identical to that of an optimal baseband bipolar phase shift keying code-division multiple access (CDMA) system. Hence, the maximum spectral efficiency of an incoherent optical CDMA system using bipolar codes is the same as that of an optimal bipolar baseband CDMA system.
Influence of nasal mask choice for continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) therapy in patients with obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) (2014)

Aim: Relatively few trials have investigated the influence of mask choice on CPAP therapy for OSA. This French multicentre study compared outcomes during CPAP therapy using different nasal masks in patients with OSA. Methods: Newly-diagnosed OSA patients were randomised to receive CPAP via different nasal masks (Group 1: ResMed Mirage FX®; Group 2: Fisher&amp;Paykel Zest® or HC407®, or Philips EasyLife®). Mask acceptability (defined as patients' continued use of randomised mask), CPAP compliance, and Home Care Provider (HCP) interventions were compared at 3-months in the intent-to-treat (ITT) and on-treatment (OT; CPAP adherent) populations. Logistic regression analysis was used to determine factors associated with nasal mask acceptance. Results: 285 patients were enrolled; 90 required a full-face mask due to mouth leaks and were excluded. 195 (ITT) and 151 (OT) patients were included in the analyses. More patients in group 1 vs group 2 showed mask acceptance (ITT 79% vs 68%, p=0.067; OT 90% vs 76%, p=0.022). Compliance with CPAP was better in group 1 vs group 2 (5.9±1.8 vs 5.1±1.6 h/night, p=0.011).The number of HCP visits as a result of nasal mask issues was lower in group 1 vs group 2 (3% vs 17%, p=0.006); time for initial training was similar. In the ITT population, nasal mask acceptance was significantly associated with fewer mask leaks (OR 0.85, 95%CI 0.76,0.94, p=0.002) and higher pressure therapy (OR 1.21, 95%CI 1.01,1.44, p=0.042). Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that acceptance of various first-line nasal masks is not equivalent, and that initial nasal mask choice may influence compliance and subsequent CPAP therapy management.
Contemporary Mouse Models in Glioma Research (2021)

Despite advances in understanding of the molecular pathogenesis of glioma, outcomes remain dismal. Developing successful treatments for glioma requires faithful in vivo disease modeling and rigorous preclinical testing. Murine models, including xenograft, syngeneic, and genetically engineered models, are used to study glioma-genesis, identify methods of tumor progression, and test novel treatment strategies. Since the discovery of highly recurrent isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) mutations in lower-grade gliomas, there is increasing emphasis on effective modeling of IDH mutant brain tumors. Improvements in preclinical models that capture the phenotypic and molecular heterogeneity of gliomas are critical for the development of effective new therapies. Herein, we explore the current status, advancements, and challenges with contemporary murine glioma models.
IR.‐spektroskopische Untersuchungen in der Imidazol‐Reihe (1965)

Abstract Es wurden einige «Benzoylen»‐, «Naphtoylen»‐ und «Diphenoylen»‐imidazole bzw.‐perimidine hergestellt und IR.‐spektroskopisch mit einer Anzahl ähnlich gebauter neuer Farbstoffe verglichen.
Fast optical discharge propagation through optical fibres under kW-range laser radiation (2005)

The fast mode of optical discharge propagation in optical fibres has been discovered. In contrast to the known fibre fuse effect such optical discharge propagation is accompanied by fibre cracks and velocity reaches = 3 km/s under the intensity ≈40 W/m2. (2 pages)
Thermo-electrochemical cells for waste heat harvesting – progress and perspectives (2017)

Thermo-electrochemical cells (also called thermocells) are promising devices for harvesting waste heat for the sustainable production of energy. Research into thermocells has increased significantly in recent years, driven by advantages such as their ability to continuously convert heat into electrical energy without producing emissions or consuming materials. Until relatively recently, the commercial viability of thermocells was limited by their low power output and conversion efficiency. However, there have lately been significant advances in thermocell performance as a result of improvements to the electrode materials, electrolyte and redox chemistry and various features of the cell design. This article overviews these recent developments in thermocell research, including the development of new redox couples, the optimisation of electrolytes for improved power output and high-temperature operation, the design of high surface area electrodes for increased current density and device flexibility, and the optimisation of cell design to further enhance performance.
Two distinct T-cell receptor alpha-chain transcripts in a rabbit T-cell line: implications for allelic exclusion in T cells. (1986)

Information relevant to allelic exclusion in T cells has been obtained by a study of cDNA clones corresponding to alpha-chain genes of the T-cell receptor in the rabbit T-cell line RL-5. One clone contains a variable-joining-constant (VJC) sequence encoding a complete alpha chain of the T-cell receptor. A second has an identical constant region and includes a distinct variable-joining (VJ) sequence. However, a single-base deletion in the variable region places the remainder of the second transcript out-of-phase and appears to be the product of a rearrangement involving a variable region of the T-cell receptor alpha-chain pseudogene. Presence of two variable-joining-constant (VJC) transcripts in the same cell line indicates that alpha-chain gene rearrangement is not affected by transcription of a complete alpha-chain mRNA and suggests that steps after mRNA synthesis are involved in the allelic exclusion process for alpha-chain genes. Comparison of rabbit alpha-chain sequences with those of man and mouse revealed interspecies conservation in constant and variable regions. Genomic Southern blot analyses using a rabbit constant region of the T-cell receptor alpha-chain probe revealed the presence of a single constant region gene. Hybridization with variable region probes defined two distinct multigenic subfamilies. Homology between certain rabbit and murine variable regions of the T-cell receptor alpha-chain sequences suggests that the existence of subfamilies predated divergence of these species.
Frontiers in Thermionic Cathode Research (2018)

The high electron emission resulting from low-work-function scandate-added dispenser cathodes has generated a great deal of interest and research since the late 1970s. Despite the reported high current density at low temperatures, scandate cathodes have not yet seen wide-scale industrial adoption due to poor emission uniformity, inadequate reproducibility, and short lifetimes. This lack of industrial adoption stemming from the above issues is likely due to insufficient fundamental understanding of the role that scandium plays in the emission process. Recent work by five research teams under the U.S. Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency Innovative Vacuum Electronics Science and Technology Program aims at advancing this fundamental understanding and the cathode manufacturing processing. Emission microscopy of model surfaces of adsorbed Ba-Sc-O on single crystal tungsten and detailed characterization techniques, such as Wulff shape analysis, are being used to understand the morphology, composition and phase of each of the species that comprise the cathode emitting surfaces. The structure of tungsten grains at the cathode surface of activated and unactivated scandate cathodes and the resulting emission performance are observed. 3-D printing is being investigated as an advanced manufacturing method to meet the demanding requirements of modern vacuum electron devices. Finally, density functional theory is being employed to study the work function of perovskite oxides as a novel class of alternative materials to tungsten dispenser cathodes.
Immunophenotypic Characterization of Peripheral Blast Cells in a Leukemic Miniature Pig (2006)

The health status of a 4-year-old female, dd-haplotype miniature pig deteriorated rapidly, so the animal finally had to be euthanized because of poor clinical condition. Necropsy revealed a massive leukocytic infiltration in the parenchymatous organs of the abdominal cavity. On hematologic cell counting, severe leukocytosis (69.3 x 10(9) cells/liter) and high-grade basophilia (6.9 x 10(9) cells/liter) were evident. Cytologic examination, as well as analysis of expression of leukocyte differentiation antigens by means of flow cytometry, classified blasts, which accounted for about 22% of leukocytes, as biphenotypic cells co-expressing the myeloid marker SWC3 (CD172a) and the lymphoid markers CD5 and CD25. Hematologic features resembled those seen in humans with chronic myeloid leukemia at blast phase.
GABAA Receptors in Astrocytes Are Targets for Commonly Used Intravenous and Inhalational General Anesthetic Drugs (2022)

<b>Background:</b> Perioperative neurocognitive disorders (PNDs) occur commonly in older patients after anesthesia and surgery. Treating astrocytes with general anesthetic drugs stimulates the release of soluble factors that increase the cell-surface expression and function of GABA<sub>A</sub> receptors in neurons. Such crosstalk may contribute to PNDs; however, the receptor targets in astrocytes for anesthetic drugs have not been identified. GABA<sub>A</sub> receptors, which are the major targets of general anesthetic drugs in neurons, are also expressed in astrocytes, raising the possibility that these drugs act on GABA<sub>A</sub> receptors in astrocytes to trigger the release of soluble factors. To date, no study has directly examined the sensitivity of GABA<sub>A</sub> receptors in astrocytes to general anesthetic drugs that are frequently used in clinical practice. Thus, the goal of this study was to determine whether the function of GABA<sub>A</sub> receptors in astrocytes was modulated by the intravenous anesthetic etomidate and the inhaled anesthetic sevoflurane. <b>Methods:</b> Whole-cell voltage-clamp recordings were performed in astrocytes in the stratum radiatum of the CA1 region of hippocampal slices isolated from C57BL/6 male mice. Astrocytes were identified by their morphologic and electrophysiologic properties. Focal puff application of GABA (300 μM) was applied with a Picospritzer system to evoke GABA responses. Currents were studied before and during the application of the non-competitive GABA<sub>A</sub> receptor antagonist picrotoxin (0.5 mM), or etomidate (100 μM) or sevoflurane (532 μM). <b>Results:</b> GABA consistently evoked inward currents that were inhibited by picrotoxin. Etomidate increased the amplitude of the peak current by 35.0 ± 24.4% and prolonged the decay time by 27.2 ± 24.3% (<i>n</i> = 7, <i>P</i> < 0.05). Sevoflurane prolonged current decay by 28.3 ± 23.1% (<i>n</i> = 7, <i>P</i> < 0.05) but did not alter the peak amplitude. Etomidate and sevoflurane increased charge transfer (area) by 71.2 ± 45.9% and 51.8 ± 48.9% (<i>n</i> = 7, <i>P</i> < 0.05), respectively. <b>Conclusion:</b> The function of astrocytic GABA<sub>A</sub> receptors in the hippocampus was increased by etomidate and sevoflurane. Future studies will determine whether these general anesthetic drugs act on astrocytic GABA<sub>A</sub> receptors to stimulate the release of soluble factors that may contribute to PNDs.
Adherence of human polymorphonuclear leukocytes to endothelial monolayers: effects of temperature, divalent cations, and chemotactic factors on the strength of adherence measured with a new centrifugation assay (1985)

Polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) adhere to endothelial cells at sites of acute inflammation. To examine this phenomenon in vitro, we have developed a new assay to measure adherence of PMNs to cultured endothelial cells. Human PMNs were labeled with 111indium-oxine and incubated in microtiter wells with monolayers of either human umbilical vein or bovine aortic endothelial cells. Following incubation, the wells were sealed, inverted, and centrifuged at varying speeds. Results are expressed as the percentage of PMNs added initially that remained attached to the monolayers after being subjected to dislodgment forces (ie, relative centrifugal forces) ranging from 1 to 1,200 g. Adherence of PMNs to endothelial monolayers was temperature dependent, dependent on the concentration of extracellular Mg2+ (but not Ca2+), and enhanced significantly by the chemotactic peptides, N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (fMLP) and human C5a. It was found that fMLP and C5a not only increased the number of PMNs that adhered to endothelial cells, but also increased the strength of adherence.
ELECTROPHYSIOLOGIC DETECTION OF CHOROIDAL DETACHMENT IN EYES WITH RHEGMATOGENOUS RETINAL DETACHMENT (1993)

The base values of electrooculograms (EOGs) of 39 patients with new, unilateral rhegmatogenous retinal detachment and clear media were studied. None of the patients had a history of ocular surgery. Ophthalmoscopic examinations revealed choroidal detachment in 11 eyes. The mean (+/- SD) amplitude, expressed as a percentage of the amplitude recorded for unaffected fellow eyes, was 116 +/- 31% in the 28 eyes without choroidal detachment, and 39 +/- 10% in the 11 eyes with choroidal detachment. This difference was statistically significant (P < 0.0001). There was no significant correlation in either group between baseline value and extent of retinal detachment or intraocular pressure. These results indicate that choroidal detachment associated with rhegmatogenous retinal detachment can be revealed electrophysiologically by the baseline value of an EOG.
Nucleotide sequence of a 23S and a 5S-like rRNA gene from the thermophilicBacillussp. strain PS3 (1991)

Journal Article Nucleotide sequence of a 23S and a 5S-like rRNA gene from the thermophilic Bacillus sp. strain PS3 Get access Pamela S Fink, Pamela S Fink Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Yanming Zhao, Yanming Zhao Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Lawrence J. Prochaska, Lawrence J. Prochaska 1Biochemistry, Wright State UniversityDayton, OH 45435, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Michael Leffak Michael Leffak 1Biochemistry, Wright State UniversityDayton, OH 45435, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Nucleic Acids Research, Volume 19, Issue 19, 11 October 1991, Page 5437, https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/19.19.5437 Published: 11 October 1991 Article history Received: 22 August 1991 Published: 11 October 1991
Analysis of the chemically activated CH2Cl/CH2Cl and CH3/CH2Cl recombination reactions at elevated temperatures using the bimolecular Quantam Rice-Ramsperger-Kassel (QRRK) method (1988)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAnalysis of the chemically activated CH2Cl/CH2Cl and CH3/CH2Cl recombination reactions at elevated temperatures using the bimolecular Quantam Rice-Ramsperger-Kassel (QRRK) methodSankaram B. Karra and Selim M. SenkanCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 1988, 27, 3, 447–451Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1988Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1988https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie00075a014https://doi.org/10.1021/ie00075a014research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views60Altmetric-Citations17LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Mammalian TIMELESS Is Required for ATM-dependent CHK2 Activation and G2/M Checkpoint Control (2009)

Timeless (Tim), a core circadian clock gene in Drosophila, is retained in mammals but has no apparent mammalian circadian clock function. Mammalian TIM is essential for ATR-dependent Chk1 activation and S-phase arrest. We report that TIM is likewise essential for ATM-dependent Chk2-mediated signaling of doxorubicin-induced DNA double strand breaks. TIM depletion attenuates doxorubicin-induced G(2)/M cell cycle arrest and sensitizes cancer cells to doxorubicin-induced cytotoxicity. TIM is, thereby, a potential novel anticancer drug target whose inhibition may enhance the therapeutic cytotoxicity of agents that activate DNA damage pathways as part of their mechanism.