gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Systematic study of nuclear effects in p+Al, p+Au, d+Au, and He3+Au collisions at sNN=200 GeV using π0 production (2022)

The PHENIX Collaboration presents a systematic study of inclusive ${\ensuremath{\pi}}^{0}$ production from $p+p, p+\mathrm{Al}, p\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}+\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}\mathrm{Au}, d\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}+\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}\mathrm{Au}$, and $^{3}\mathrm{He}\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}+\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}\mathrm{Au}$ collisions at $\sqrt{{s}_{{}_{NN}}}=200\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}\mathrm{GeV}$. Measurements were performed with different centrality selections as well as the total inelastic, 0--100%, selection for all collision systems. For 0--100% collisions, the nuclear-modification factors, ${R}_{xA}$, are consistent with unity for ${p}_{T}$ above $8\phantom{\rule{4pt}{0ex}}\mathrm{GeV}/c$, but exhibit an enhancement in peripheral collisions and a suppression in central collisions. The enhancement and suppression characteristics are similar for all systems for the same centrality class. It is shown that for high-${p}_{T}\text{\ensuremath{-}}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{0}$ production, the nucleons in the $d$ and $^{3}\mathrm{He}$ interact mostly independently with the Au nucleus and that the counterintuitive centrality dependence is likely due to a physical correlation between multiplicity and the presence of a hard scattering process. These observations disfavor models where parton energy loss has a significant contribution to nuclear modifications in small systems. Nuclear modifications at lower ${p}_{T}$ resemble the Cronin effect---an increase followed by a peak in central or inelastic collisions and a plateau in peripheral collisions. The peak height has a characteristic ordering by system size as $p\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}+\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}\mathrm{Au}\phantom{\rule{4pt}{0ex}}&gt;\phantom{\rule{4pt}{0ex}}d\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}+\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}\mathrm{Au}\phantom{\rule{4pt}{0ex}}&gt;\phantom{\rule{4pt}{0ex}}^{3}\mathrm{He}\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}+\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}\mathrm{Au}\phantom{\rule{4pt}{0ex}}&gt;p+\mathrm{Al}$. For collisions with Au ions, current calculations based on initial-state cold nuclear matter effects result in the opposite order, suggesting the presence of other contributions to nuclear modifications, in particular at lower ${p}_{T}$.
Probing Cell-Surface Carbohydrate Binding Proteins with Dual-Modal Glycan-Conjugated Nanoparticles (2015)

Dual-modal fluorescent magnetic glyconanoparticles have been prepared and shown to be powerful in probing lectins displayed on pathogenic and mammalian cell surfaces. Blood group H1- and Le(b)-conjugated nanoparticles were found to bind to BabA displaying Helicobacter pylori, and Le(a)- and Le(b)-modified nanoparticles are both recognized by and internalized into DC-SIGN and SIGN-R1 expressing mammalian cells via lectin-mediated endocytosis. In addition, glyconanoparticles block adhesion of H. pylori to mammalian cells, suggesting that they can serve as inhibitors of infection of host cells by this pathogen. It has been also shown that owing to their magnetic properties, glyconanoparticles are useful tools to enrich lectin expressing cells. The combined results indicate that dual-modal glyconanoparticles are biocompatible and that they can be employed in lectin-associated biological studies and biomedical applications.
Complex-pattern evoked somatosensory responses in the study of multiple sclerosis (1977)

Three approaches are described for investigation of human somatosensory evoked responses in normal subjects and in multiple sclerosis patients. To median-nerve stimulation, the cortical evoked response (SER) reveals components whose shapes and latencies may be altered as a consequence of the disease. The use of periodic trains of stimuli (SERT) demonstrates that the oscillatory response of the nervous system deteriorates with advancing disease. Finally, the use of functional power series to characterize the somatosensory modality shows that responses to temporally interactive stimuli are nonlinear, decrease with increasing rate, and degenerate in the advanced state of the disease.
Influence of Process Parameters on SOEC Performance (2023)

Solid oxide electrolysis cells (SOECs) are highlighted as promising power-to-gas (P2G) devices that can provide a reliable supply of hydrogen gas to store renewable energy. Despite the potential of SOECs, there are many challenges facing their commercialization. In this work, the influence of process parameters and fuel electrode optimization on initial SOEC performance (500 hours) is investigated. Electrolysis experiments were performed with both GDC (gadolinia doped ceria)-infiltrated and uninfiltrated Ni-YSZ (yttria stabilized zirconia) fuel electrodes under various hydrogen flow rates with different ratios of H 2 -H 2 O and current densities. All cells marginally improve in performance initially, then undergo a brief period of rapid performance degradation followed by stabilization. The observed three stages of cell performance, in terms of length of time and rate of change, are found to be dependent on the type of fuel electrode and experimental process parameters used.
Sequence-Independent Targeting of Transmembrane Proteins Synthesized within Vaccinia Virus Factories to Nascent Viral Membranes (2006)

The primary membrane of vaccinia virus, as well as those of other poxviruses, forms within a discrete cytoplasmic factory region. We recently determined the existence of an operative pathway from the endoplasmic reticulum within the virus factory to nascent viral membranes and demonstrated that a viral protein could be diverted from this pathway to Golgi membranes by the addition of COPII-binding sites (M. Husain, A. S. Weisberg, and B. Moss, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 103:19506-19511, 2006). Here we describe an investigation of the structural features that are required for transit of proteins to the viral membrane. Deletion of either the N-terminal domain or the C-terminal cytoplasmic tail from the conserved A9 protein did not prevent its incorporation into viral membranes, whereas deletion of the transmembrane domain resulted in its distribution throughout the cytoplasm. Nevertheless, replacement of the A9 transmembrane domain with the corresponding region of a nonpoxvirus transmembrane protein or of a vaccinia virus extracellular envelope protein allowed viral membrane targeting, indicating no requirement for a specific amino acid sequence. Remarkably, the epitope-tagged A9 transmembrane domain alone, as well as a heterologous transmembrane domain lacking a poxvirus sequence, was sufficient for viral membrane association. The data are consistent with a sequence-independent pathway in which transmembrane proteins that are synthesized within the virus factory and lack COPII or other binding sites that enable conventional endoplasmic reticulum exiting are incorporated into nascent viral membranes.
Decreased Circulating Progenitor Cell Number and Failed Mechanisms of Stromal Cell-Derived Factor-1α Mediated Bone Marrow Mobilization Impair Diabetic Tissue Repair (2010)

Successful ischemia-induced bone marrow PC mobilization is mediated by a switch in bone marrow SDF-1alpha levels. In diabetes, this switch fails to occur. Plerixafor represents a potential therapeutic agent for improving ischemia-mediated pathology associated with diabetes by reducing bone marrow SDF-1alpha, restoring normal PC mobilization and tissue healing.
Mediated Drug Release from Nanovehicles by Black Phosphorus Quantum Dots for Efficient Therapy of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (2020)

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is an intractable disease involving a sticky mucus layer and nanoagents with mucus-penetrating capability offer a new way to deliver drugs. However, drug release from nanovehicles requires optimization to enhance the therapeutic effects of COPD therapy. Herein, black phosphorus quantum dots (BPQDs) are combined with PEGylated chitosan nanospheres containing the antibiotic amikacin (termed PEG@CS/BPQDs-AM NPs). As a drug-delivery system, the hydrophilicity of PEG and positive charge of CS facilitate the penetration of nanovehicles through the mucus layer. The nanovehicles then adhere to the mucous membrane. Furthermore, the BPQDs degrade rapidly into nontoxic PO<sub>4</sub><sup>3-</sup> and acidic H<sup>+</sup> , thereby promoting the dissociation of PEGylated CS nanospheres, accelerating the release of AM, decreasing the vitality of biofilms for ease of eradication. Our results reveal that drug delivery mediated by BPQDs is a feasible and desirable strategy for precision medicine and promising for the clinical therapy of COPD.
<title>Comparison of surface contour measurements based on speckle pattern sampling and coordinate measuring machines</title> (1997)

A noncontact 3D imaging technique based on tunable lasers is investigated to assess its performance compared to commercially available methods. In this technique, an object is flood illuminated by an external cavity tunable diode laser. As the laser frequency is scanned, the time-varying speckle-intensity pattern provides information about the depth of the scattering object. The patterns are recorded with a CCD camera, and the object's height profile is then extracted from the 3D fast Fourier transform. This paper presents the first quantitative comparison of results using this technique with those from a well-known standard instrument--the coordinate measuring machine. The object used for the comparison is a pressed sheet-metal part with dimensions of approximately 1-- by 100 by 20 mm. We found the standard deviation (sigma) of the difference between the two profiles to be less than 0.2 (Delta) z, where (Delta) z is the raw range resolution of the speckle-pattern-sampling technique.
Regulated deficit irrigation effects on yield, nut quality and water-use efficiency of mature pistachio trees (2004)

SummaryRegulated deficit irrigation (RDI) was evaluated on deep rooted, mature pistachio trees grown under high evaporative demand in the low rainfall southern San Joaquin Valley of California. The focus of this work was to assess the impact of deficit irrigation during various parts of the season with the goal of determining which period was most stress tolerant in terms of nut production. Pistachio nuts have a unique fruit growth pattern in which rapid kernel growth does not begin until about six weeks after full shell size has been attained. Our hypothesis was that irrigation could be reduced during this period with limited negative effects on production. The season was divided into three preharvest periods: leafout to full shell expansion (Stage 1), full shell expansion to the onset of rapid kernel growth (Stage 2), and rapid kernel growth to harvest (Stage 3). Water deprivation during Stage 1 applied 7.2% less water than the near-fully irrigated Control without any yield loss, based on mean values for the last “on” and “off” alternate bearing years of this study. Shell splitting (endocarp dehiscence) at harvest (a positive impact) was significantly higher (10.4% relative to the Control) but this was offset by a nut weight reduced by 9.4%. Stage 3 water deprivation (53% less applied water than the Control) significantly reduced nut size, shell splitting, mechanical nut removal by tree shaking, and yield, while increasing kernel blanking and abortion. Postharvest water deprivation (5.0% less applied water than the Control) had no significant negative effects on yield components. Six irrigation regimes that applied water at various rates were used to investigate Stage 2 behaviour. While there were no significant differences in yield components among these regimes, the best production occurred with deficit irrigation during Stage 2 at 50% of near-potential ETc during Stage 2 and 25% of near-potential ETc after harvest. This RDI regime saved about 180 mm of water (23.2% of the Control) and water use efficiency was significantly higher (4.69 versus 3.61 kg marketable fruit per mm water, for this RDI regime and the Control, respectively). We believe RDI during Stage 2 and postharvest is a viable irrigation strategy to save water while maintaining top yields of high quality pistachio nuts. Further work is needed to determine if the improved shell splitting harvest that occurred with Stage 1 stress can be exploited to improve grower profits.
Comparison of Preoperative Standard Angiography with Preoperative Balloon Occlusion Femoral Angiography of the Lower Extremity (1993)

The use of saphenous vein in situ bypass for limb salvage has increased the need for adequate visualization of distal lower extremity vessels. Preoperative angiographic techniques are often inadequate, requiring multiple films, extensive patient manipulation, or excessive dye loads. Intraoperative prereconstructive angiography permits adequate distal vessel visualization, but at a significant waste of time and expense if no usable distal vessels are found. There is a need for a reliable means of preoperative angiography in patients being evaluated for saphenous vein in situ bypass. Preoperative balloon occlusion femoral angiography was compared to preoperative standard angiography of the lower extremity in 39 patients referred to the University of Minnesota for limb salvage. Balloon occlusion femoral angiography significantly improved the preoperative ability to visualize lower extremity vessels distal to the superficial femoral artery in this group of patients.
Postgenomic approaches to cholera vaccine development (2006)

Cholera remains an important public health threat. A cholera vaccine that provides durable protection at the mucosal surface, especially among children in endemic settings, is urgently needed. The availability of the complete genome sequence of a clinical isolate of Vibrio cholerae O1 El Tor has allowed for comparative and functional genomic approaches in the study of cholera. This work holds promise for the identification of bacterial targets of protective human immune responses and may contribute to the development of a new generation of cholera vaccines.
Changing roles in the cochlea: Bandpass filtering by the organ of Corti and additive amplification on the basilar membrane (1992)

The classical role of the basilar membrane in cochlear sound analysis is being reassessed on the basis of quantitative models of cochlear nonlinear responses and biophysical evidence for tonotopically organized tuning by outer hair cells. It is hypothesized that the primary function of cochlear bandpass filtering is performed by the organ of Corti, whose nonlinear responses to stapes signals are collected by the basilar membrane. Bilateral nonlinear signal processing characteristics for the organ-of-Corti filters are quantified with a new feedback reconfiguration of the multiple-bandpass nonlinearity (MBPNL) model [J. Goldstein, Hear. Res. 49, 39–60 (1990)]. The basilar membrane is modeled classically, but its role is hypothesized to be analogous to the transmission-line collector of a distributed amplifier. Traveling waves on the basilar membrane provide a means for coherent addition of responses to a given tone from different organ-of-Corti filters. Computations with the model using biophysical knowledge of the density of outer hair cells and the tonotopic map yield a maximum distributed gain of 43 dB, which agrees with known data. Bilateral nonlinear transduction in the cochlear model is responsible for an I/O response versus level for tones that compresses at much lower sound levels than the isolated organ-of-Corti filter, also consistent with data. These results encourage further modeling research with our working hypothesis that redefines the roles of basilar membrane and organ of Corti in cochlear function. [Work supported by NIDCD Grant No. DC00737.]
Nanotechnology-Based Strategy to Upgrade the Performances of Plastic Flexible Film Waste (2019)

The aim of this work was to improve the performances of Fil-s (film-small), a recycled material obtained from plastic flexible film waste that is made of polyethylene and a minor amount of polypropylene, with traces of polar contaminants (polyamides, maleic anhydride, etc.). The idea was to upgrade the material's mechanical properties by applying a nanotechnology-based strategy that takes advantage of the composition of Fil-s. In particular, different amounts of copolyamide (CoPA) and its masterbatch with an organic-modified nanosilicate were melt compounded with Fil-s in a twin-screw extruder. The good affinity between Fil-s and CoPA, proved by means of spectroscopic and rheological analysis, allowed for the obtaining of a well-refined morphology for the neat and hybrid blends. This resulted in very interesting increments of the strain at break, which was particularly impressive (10 times higher) in the case of the blend with the lower amount of copolyamide masterbatch, but without sacrificing the stiffness and strength of Fil-s.
Stereoselectivity of the cyclooctene ring‐opening polymerization (1979)

Abstract The stereoselectivity of the cyclooctene ring‐opening polymerization in the presence of the tungsten hexachloride–tetraisobutylalumoxane (TBAO) catalyst system has been studied. The reaction conditions have been established in which the polymer chain isomerization is reduced to a minimum. Under these conditions the stereoselectivity is determined by an individual act of the monomer molecule insertion. The dependence of stereoselectivity on monomer concentration, number of active sites, and temperature has been investigated. The results obtained suggest that the cyclooctene polymerization is selective in favor of the geometrical configuration of the starting cycloolefin (the “retention” effect) by analogy with the previously reported metathesis of acyclic olefins. Considerations which support the idea that cis and trans units are reproduced by the same type of active sites are discussed. The experimental evidence indicates that in this case the stereoselectivity is determined by the difference in kinetics of two reaction paths of the monomer molecule insertion that lead to the formation of cis and trans units.
Chinese Rose Beetle Control on Cacao, 1988 (1989)

Abstract Treatments were applied to cacao seedlings approximately 15 months old (0.5-1.0 m tall) located in Kunia, on Oahu, Hawaii. Plants within rows were spaced 4 ft apart. Row spacing followed a pattern of 2 rows, 42 inches apart, with the next set of 2 rows 10 ft away. A windbreak of Sudex grass was adjacent (within 1 ft) to the northwest row of each set of 2 rows. Treatment assignments followed a randomized complete block design consisting of 10 plants/treatment/block for 8 blocks. Treatments were applied on 10 Feb using a CO2-pressurized backpack sprayer with a single hollow-cone nozzle that delivered approximately 70 gal/acre at 35 psi. Weekly evaluations were based on the mean percent damage/leaf of the 5 most damaged leaves/plant using a pretransformed scale (5 increments). Ratings were obtained from 5 plants/treatment/block.
Deconvolution and background subtraction by least-squares fitting with prefiltering of spectra (1977)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDeconvolution and background subtraction by least-squares fitting with prefiltering of spectraPeter J. StathamCite this: Anal. Chem. 1977, 49, 14, 2149–2154Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1977Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1977https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac50022a014https://doi.org/10.1021/ac50022a014research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views694Altmetric-Citations110LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Factors Influencing the Response of Silver Iodide Emulsions (1980)

Contrary to the conclusions of previous authors, it is shown that silver iodide emulsions may be sulphur sensitized. Additional large increases of speed for exposures at moderate and low intensity may be achieved by bathing in water, solutions of halogen acceptors, or silver nitrate before exposure, or by coating at low pAg. In agreement with the observations of some authors, a silver iodide emulsion can form an internal image. In conformity with this capacity to form an internal image. the emulsion exhibits solarization.
Age of puberty in school-age girls living in Isfahan (2007)

Background: Due to geographical, racial, nutritional and socio-economical effective factors 
in pubertal age, assessment of pubertal stages should always be based on native, up-to-
date and reliable references data from the same background population. This study is 
conducted to determine the age of different pubertal stages in school-age girls of Isfahan. 
Methods: This was a cross-sectional study of 5.5 to 17 years-old girls of Isfahan among 3204 
population in 2006. The data was collected through the multistage cluster probability ...
High levels of HPV-16 DNA are associated with high-grade cervical lesions in women at risk or infected with HIV (2005)

Higher HPV-16 DNA loads are associated with cervical lesions detected by either histology or cytology. No additional information is gained by measuring integrated or episomal over total HPV-16 DNA loads.
Phenotypic characterization of osteoblasts from the sclerotic zones of osteoarthritic subchondral bone (2008)

These findings contribute to a better understanding of the mechanisms involved in subchondral bone sclerosis and identify osteoblasts with an altered phenotype as a potential target for future OA therapies.
Photovoltaics: Post‐Deposition Activation of Latent Hydrogen‐Bonding: A New Paradigm for Enhancing the Performances of Bulk Heterojunction Solar Cells (Adv. Funct. Mater. 47/2014) (2014)

On page 7410, L. Beverina, S. Brovelli, and co-workers demonstrate a new paradigm for fine tuning the phase segregation in small-molecule solar cells based on the post-deposition exploitation of latent hydrogen bonding. Thermally activating latent conjugated pigments fine-tunes and stabilizes the nanoscale film connectivity, thereby simultaneously optimizing charge generation and transport processes, resulting in over 20-fold increase of the photovoltaic efficiency.
Isotope Effects as Mechanistic Probes in Solution and in Intrazeolite Photooxygenations. The Formation of a Hydroperoxysulfonium Ylide (2003)

The reactions of singlet oxygen with 2,2,6,6-tetradeuterio-1,4-dithiane have been examined in acetone and methanol, and in the interior of the zeolite NaY. The product isotope effects k(H)/k(D) have been measured for sulfoxide and, when possible, for sulfone formation. The results provide evidence for a hydroperoxysulfonium ylide intermediate in acetone, a hydrogen bonded or sulfurane intermediate in methanol, and an interesting equilibrium between two complexed forms of the substrate in NaY.