gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Online Collaborative Learning for Open-Vocabulary Visual Classifiers (2016)

We focus on learning open-vocabulary visual classifiers, which scale up to a large portion of natural language vocabulary (e.g., over tens of thousands of classes). In particular, the training data are large-scale weakly labeled Web images since it is difficult to acquire sufficient well-labeled data at this category scale. In this paper, we propose a novel online learning paradigm towards this challenging task. Different from traditional N-way independent classifiers that generally fail to handle the extremely sparse and inter-related labels, our classifiers learn from continuous label embeddings discovered by collaboratively decomposing the sparse image-label matrix. Leveraging on the structure of the proposed collaborative learning formulation, we develop an efficient online algorithm that can jointly learn the label embeddings and visual classifiers. The algorithm can learn over 30,000 classes of 1,000 training images within 1 second on a standard GPU. Extensively experimental results on four benchmarks demonstrate the effectiveness of our method.
Strontium and quantal release of transmitter at the neuromuscular junction (1969)

1. Previous work has shown that in calcium-free solutions nerve impulses invade the motor nerve terminals at the neuromuscular junction, but fail to release transmitter. In these conditions, strontium ions applied iontophoretically to a minute part of a junction, or to the whole muscle by bath application, restore to the nerve impulse its ability to release transmitter.2. As with calcium, the transmitter released in the presence of strontium is in the form of packages (quanta) whose release can be predicted from Poisson's Theorem.3. The mean number of quanta released by a nerve impulse increases with the concentration of strontium. Strontium is much less effective than calcium in equimolar concentrations.4. Transmitter quanta released in the presence of strontium evoke larger unit potentials than quanta released in the presence of calcium. The larger size of the Sr-unit potentials is caused by a prolongation of transmitter action, presumably due to a post-synaptic effect of strontium.5. Neuromuscular transmission was blocked in some fibres when the concentration of strontium was raised beyond 10 mM. This junctional block was presumably due to a failure in the propagation of nerve impulses.6. The post-stimulation increase in the frequency of miniature end-plate potentials, which is normally seen in calcium solutions, is also observed when calcium is substituted by strontium. The post-stimulation effect increases with the concentration of strontium.7. It is concluded that strontium can substitute for calcium in the process of quantal release of transmitter. The physico-chemical mechanism of this substitution remains unknown.
Taking multicalixarenes into the nanoworld: first third-generation calixarene dendrimer (2010)

We report the first synthesis of a dendritic multicalixarene, featuring twenty-one calixarene units, which when adsorbed onto mica, forms regular assemblies which can then further aggregate to form larger clusters.
A MEMS-based oscillator with synchronous amplitude control (2013)

This paper describes the design and simulation of a MEMS-based oscillator with a silicon tuning fork as frequency selective element. The interface electronics include a synchronous amplitude control circuit that allows for precise control of oscillation amplitude. The nominal oscillation frequency is 1.8 MHz. The structure has been implemented using a 0.35 μm High Voltage CMOS process and operates with a nominal supply of 3.3V.
Identification of a covalent .alpha.-D-glucopyranosyl enzyme intermediate formed on a .beta.-glucosidase (1988)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTIdentification of a covalent .alpha.-D-glucopyranosyl enzyme intermediate formed on a .beta.-glucosidaseStephen G. Withers and Ian P. StreetCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1988, 110, 25, 8551–8553Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1988Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1988https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00233a045https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00233a045research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views343Altmetric-Citations110LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Supplementary Figures S1-S8 from Epigenetically Regulated Chromosome 14q32 miRNA Cluster Induces Metastasis and Predicts Poor Prognosis in Lung Adenocarcinoma Patients (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Figure S1. Expression of 14q32 miRNAs in tumor samples from lung adenocarcinoma patients according to EGFR, KRAS and TP53 mutation status. Figure S2. Methylation analysis of imprinting control regions of the 14q32 cluster in lung adenocarcinoma patients. Figure S3. Association of disease-free survival and N stage in never-smoker lung adenocarcinoma patients. Figure S4. Cell viability of lung adenocarcinoma cells after increasing 14q32 miRNA levels by CRISPR activation technology. Figure S5. Differential expression of genes adjacent to the 14q32 miRNA cluster activated by CRISPR activation technology. Figure S6. Association of genes modulated by 14q32 miRNAs with disease-free survival in lung adenocarcinoma patients. Figure S7. Cell viability of lung adenocarcinoma cells after increasing levels of 14q32 miRNAs by transfection of specific miRNA mimics. Figure S8. Validation of the migratory and invasive effects of miR-323b, miR-487a, and miR-539 on lung adenocarcinoma cells with different genetic background.&lt;/p&gt;
PP-based Model Compounds as Tools for the Development of High-impact-ethylene-propylene Copolymers (2002)

Abstract The development of heterophasic PP-copolymers, which are necessary in many applications because of their specific property profile, requires large capacities in pilot plants (or at least in bench-scale reactors) for a systematic variation of the matrix and elastomer properties. A possible alternative are model compounds, where the different components are blended in an extruder. The possibility to evaluate three main influence factors on mechanics of such systems, namely the viscosity ratio between matrix and elastomer phase, the phase compatibility and the composition of the elastomer phase, is demonstrated in a series of investigations. Morphology investigations based on transmission electron micrographs have proven to be an indispensable tool for obtaining systematic information about such blend systems, which can be further used for the development of reactor-based systems.
Isolation of volatile components from a model system (1977)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTIsolation of volatile components from a model systemThomas H. Schultz, Robert A. Flath, T. Richard Mon, Sue B. Eggling, and Roy TeranishiCite this: J. Agric. Food Chem. 1977, 25, 3, 446–449Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1977Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1977https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jf60211a038https://doi.org/10.1021/jf60211a038research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views894Altmetric-Citations263LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Research Update: Conductivity and beyond at the LaAlO3/SrTiO3 interface (2016)

In this review, we focus on the celebrated interface between two band insulators, LaAlO3 and SrTiO3, that was found to be conducting, superconducting, and to display a strong spin-orbit coupling. We discuss the formation of the 2-dimensional electron liquid at this interface, the particular electronic structure linked to the carrier confinement, the transport properties, and the signatures of magnetism. We then highlight distinctive characteristics of the superconducting regime, such as the electric field effect control of the carrier density, the unique tunability observed in this system, and the role of the electronic subband structure. Finally we compare the behavior of Tc versus 2D doping with the dome-like behavior of the 3D bulk superconductivity observed in doped SrTiO3. This comparison reveals surprising differences when the Tc behavior is analyzed in terms of the 3D carrier density for the interface and the bulk.
T cell growth and differentiation induced by interleukin-HP1/IL-6, the murine hybridoma/plasmacytoma growth factor. (1988)

Interleukin-HP1 (HP1)/IL-6 is a 25-30-kD protein produced by macrophages, fibroblasts, and certain T cell lines. It was originally identified as a mouse growth factor for B cell hybridomas and plasmacytomas, and was recently shown to stimulate growth and differentiation of normal B cells. Here we demonstrate that, in the presence of lectins or anti-T cell receptor antibodies, HP1/IL-6 has a growth factor activity equivalent to that of IL-2 for mature thymic and peripheral T cells of both the L3T4+ and Lyt-2+ subsets. Contrary to IL-2 and IL-4, HP1/IL-6 was, however, not capable of supporting the growth of established T cell lines. In addition to its effects on T cell proliferation, HP1/IL-6 also enhanced the differentiation of mouse cytolytic T cell precursors in primary allogeneic mixed lymphocyte cultures. Fractionation of responding cell populations indicated that HP1/IL-6 was capable of restoring the response of accessory cell-depleted T cells to Con A. This observation suggests that the production of HP1/IL-6 by macrophages could, at least partly, explain their role in polyclonal T cell activation.
Rate of prefix-free codes in LQG control systems (2016)

In this paper, we consider a discrete time linear quadratic Gaussian (LQG) control problem in which state information of the plant is encoded in a variable-length binary codeword at every time step, and a control input is determined based on the codewords generated in the past. We derive a lower bound of the rate achievable by the class of prefix-free codes attaining the required LQG control performance. This lower bound coincides with the infimum of a certain directed information expression, and is computable by semidefinite programming (SDP). Based on a technique by Silva et al., we also provide an upper bound of the best achievable rate by constructing a controller equipped with a uniform quantizer with subtractive dither and Shannon-Fano coding. The gap between the obtained lower and upper bounds is less than 0:754r + 1 bits per time step regardless of the required LQG control performance, where r is the rank of a signal-to-noise ratio matrix obtained by SDP, which is no greater than the dimension of the state.
The Reaction of Grignard Reagents with 3,4-Epoxy-1-Butene. II. Ethylmagnesium Bromide and Diethylmagnesium (1951)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Reaction of Grignard Reagents with 3,4-Epoxy-1-Butene. II. Ethylmagnesium Bromide and DiethylmagnesiumRobert W. Freedman and Ernest I. BeckerCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1951, 16, 11, 1701–1711Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1951Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1951https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo50005a007https://doi.org/10.1021/jo50005a007research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views162Altmetric-Citations9LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
History of immunology in Australia: events and identities* (2006)

Immunology originated in Europe during the latter 1900s, and applications can be discerned in colonial Australia. The actual beginnings of immunology in Australia followed Burnet's enunciation of two fundamental principles: natural immune tolerance as an acquired characteristic in 1948 and clonal selection theory in 1957. Laboratory and clinical immunology flourished at various centres from the 1950s. The Australian Society of Immunology was founded in 1971. The merger of clinical immunology with allergy in 1991 created the Australian Society of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, exemplary for the reamalgamation of these related specialties. Australian immunology over the past 50 years has become recognized nationally and abroad as a highly visible component of the academic, research and biomedical scene and is still on a rising trajectory.
Optical trapping with structured light (2021)

Optical trapping describes the interaction between light and matter to manipulate micro-objects through momentum transfer. In the case of 3D trapping with a single beam, this is termed optical tweezers. Optical tweezers are a powerful and non-invasive tool for manipulating small objects, which have become indispensable in many fields, including physics, biology, soft condensed matter, amongst others. In the early days, optical trapping were typically used with a single Gaussian beam. In recent years, we have witnessed the rapid progress in the use of structured light beams with customized phase, amplitude and polarization in optical trapping. Unusual beam properties, such as phase singularities on-axis, propagation invariant nature, have opened up novel capabilities to the study of micromanipulation in liquid, air and vacuum. In this review, we summarize the recent advances in the field of optical trapping using structured light beams.
Polarization of 9 MeV Protons Elastically Scattered from C and Al (1961)

The polarization of 9 MeV protons, elastically scattered from C and Al, has been measured using a double scattering technique. The polarization was obtained from the left-right scattering asymmetry from helium as recorded in photographic emulsions. Angular distributions from the polarization and elastic scattering cross section are compared with predictions of optical model calculations. The general features of the scattering from aluminium are described by the optical model calculation, while the scattering from carbon appears to have strong contributions from sources other than the shape-elastic scattering.
Randomized Clinical Trial on the Long-Term Efficacy and Safety of Lumasiran in Patients With Primary Hyperoxaluria Type 1 (2021)

Long-term lumasiran treatment enabled sustained lowering of UOx levels with acceptable safety and encouraging results on clinical outcomes.
Application of reinforcement learning in synchrotron power supply synchronization correction (2021)

As a powerful tool, machine learning has promoted the development of natural science in many fields and it also has helped engineers make many remarkable achievements in industry. Recently, using machine learning has already emerge in control of heavy ion accelerators. By studying synchronization of heavy ion accelerators, a method based on reinforcement learning is proposed. It’s a method that can make automatic synchronization correction. The action of power supply is simulated to interact with agent. As a precondition of synchronization correction processing, a novel approach is proposed to identify the slower power supply. Experimental results have show that our method can automatically identify the slower power between power supplies and it can make power supply complete synchronization through interaction. Compared with the past method, our algorithm not only saves manpower but also increaing the accuracy of synchronization.
A secure lightweight upload protocol for single-use RFID (2008)

We propose an upload protocol for single-use RFID for achieving wireless single-use applications such as notification of an opened envelope. The single-use RFID proposed here has the following features: an RFID to work actively, a limited number of data transfers, low-bit data transfer, and long-range radio-communication by VHF/UHF frequency. For single-use RFID applications, the upload protocol should be implementable on a small circuit and secure from remote attacks. Therefore, we propose pre-computation of transmitting/receiving frames and integration of message exchanges to reduce computation and communication without losing security. An evaluation showed that the amount of computation and communication of RFID was reduced by the proposed protocol.
Reaction Rates and Mechanisms for Radical, Photoinitated Addition of Thiols to Alkynes, and Implications for Thiol−Yne Photopolymerizations and Click Reactions (2010)

Because of its utility in network polymerization, dendrimer synthesis, and monomer development, the photoinitiated addition of thiols to alkynes has rapidly become an important tool for polymer scientists. Yet, because this chemistry has only recently been applied to cross-linked polymer development, understanding of the nature of how the yne structure affects the reactions and information on the relative reactivities of alkynes bearing various substituents is unavailable as is the relative addition rate of the thiol to the yne as compared to the vinyl sulfide. Herein, the photoinitiated addition of octanethiol to various alkynes is explored. The most rapid addition of thiols to alkynes is that to cyclooctyne, although the resulting vinyl sulfide does not permit subsequent thiol addition. Furthermore, in the absence of radical initiators and light, thiols add spontaneously to cyclooctynes, suggesting limitations to the orthogonality of the strain-promoted copper-less azide, alkyne cycloadditions. In order of decreasing reaction rates, the consecutive addition of two thiols occurs with the aliphatic 1-octyne > propargyl acetate > methyl propargyl ether > 2-octyne. Ethyl propiolate and methyl propargylamine exhibit very small reaction rates with thiols, and no consecutive addition is observed.
Implementing a digitally synthesized adaptive pre-emphasis algorithm for use in a high-speed backplane interconnection (2004)

This paper presents a novel implementation technique using simple digital ASIC synthesis to generate a silicon layout of a multi-level PAM modulation circuit that incorporates a digitally adaptive pre-emphasis scheme. While computationally complex, the actual VLSI implementation is relatively simple, requires minimal power and generates a layout that minimizes the footprint. The results of the digital synthesis of several comparable adaptive circuits are detailed and compared. Several devices have been submitted for fabrication, via CMC, using the TSMC 0.18 /spl mu/m CMOS generic standard cell process.
Multicenter Comparison of the Digene Hybrid Capture CMV DNA Assay (Version 2.0), the pp65 Antigenemia Assay, and Cell Culture for Detection of Cytomegalovirus Viremia (1999)

We compared the Digene Hybrid Capture CMV DNA Assay version 2.0, the pp65 antigenemia assay, traditional tube culture, and shell vial culture for the detection of cytomegalovirus (CMV) viremia in several patient populations at three centers. Of 561 blood specimens collected from 402 patients, complete clinical and laboratory data were available for 489. Using consensus definitions for true positives and true negatives, the sensitivities of the Hybrid Capture assay, antigenemia, shell vial, and tube culture were 95, 94, 43, and 46%, respectively. The specificities of the Hybrid Capture assay and antigenemia were 95 and 94%, respectively. At all three study sites, the detected level of CMV viremia was significantly higher with the Hybrid Capture assay or antigenemia than with shell vial and tube culture. In a group of 131 healthy nonimmunosuppressed volunteers, the Hybrid Capture assay demonstrated a specificity of over 99%. The Hybrid Capture assay is a standardized assay that is simple to perform and can utilize whole blood specimens that have been stored for up to 48 h. The high sensitivity and specificity of the Hybrid Capture assay along with its simplicity and flexibility make it a clinically useful assay for the detection of CMV viremia in immunocompromised or immunosuppressed patients. Further evaluation to determine its role in predicting CMV disease and for monitoring the therapeutic response to anti-CMV therapy is needed.
Investigation on UWB printed monopole antenna with rectangular slitted groundplane (2007)

Abstract An optimized design for the rectangular printed monopole antenna with a slitted groundplane is presented. A parametric study of antenna parameters, including the length and width of the ground plane, the length and width of the rectangular plate, and the gap between the patch and ground plane is presented. A slit in the ground plane is shown to reduce the lower‐edge frequency and improve the bandwidth. A parametric study of the slit is given.© 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 49: 1585–1587, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.22524