gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Several lines of evidence demonstrating that Plasmodium falciparum, a parasitic organism, has distinct enzymes for the phosphorylation of choline and ethanolamine (1986)

In Plasmodium falciparum-infected erythrocyte homogenates, the specific activity of ethanolamine kinase (7.6 +/- 1.4 nmol phosphoethanolamine/10(7) infected cells per h) was higher than choline kinase specific activity (1.9 +/- 0.2 nmol phosphocholine/10(7) infected cells per h). The Km of choline kinase for choline was 79 +/- 20 microM, and ethanolamine was a weak competitive inhibitor of the reaction (Ki = 92 mM). Ethanolamine kinase had a Km for ethanolamine of 188 +/- 19 microM, and choline was a competitive inhibitor of ethanolamine kinase with a very high Ki of 268 mM. Hemicholinium 3 inhibited choline kinase activity, but had no effect on ethanolamine kinase activity. In contrast, D-2-amino-1-butanol selectively inhibited ethanolamine kinase activity. Furthermore, when the two enzymes were subjected to heat inactivation, 85% of the choline kinase activity was destroyed after 5 min at 50 degrees C, whereas ethanolamine kinase activity was not altered. Our results indicate that the phosphorylation of choline and ethanolamine was catalyzed by two distinct enzymes. The presence of a de novo phosphatidylethanolamine Kennedy pathway in P. falciparum contributes to the bewildering variety of phospholipid biosynthetic pathways in this parasitic organism.
Catagenic ankerite replacing biogenic calcite in the Marhøgda Bed (Jurassic), Sassenfjorden, Spitsbergen (2002)

The Marhogda Bed occurring at base of the Adventdalen Group in Sassen− fjorden, Spitsbergen contains common ankerite-replaced belemnite skeletons. Petrographic, major element geochemical, and stable carbon and oxygen isotopic data indicate that the ankerite originated in a catagenic environment associated with thermal degradation of kerogenand hydrocarbongenerationinthe sequence. It formed at maximum temperature of 150°C under burial of approx. 2 000 m, most probably during Paleogene filling and subsi− dence of the Central Spitsbergen Basin. Dissolution of biogenic calcite and precipitation of ankerite reflect extensive heat flow through the Adventdalen Group sequence related to the Cretaceous and Paleogene magmatic and orogenic activity in Svalbard.
ChemInform Abstract: THERMAL DECOMPOSITION OF (TRIPHENYLPHOSPHORANEDIYL)AMINOCYCLOTRITHIAZENE AND (TRIPHENYLARSORANEDIYL)AMINOCYCLOTRITHIAZENE, PH3E = NS3N3(E = PHOSPHORUS, ARSENIC). PREPARATION AND STRUCTURE OF (TRIPHENYLPHOSPHORANEDIYL)AMINE(THIOSULFINYL)AMINE SULFIDE, PH3P = NSN = S = S, AND A NOVEL SYNTHESIS OF DISULFUR DINITRIDE (1981)

Abstract Die Thermolyse des Triazens (IIa) liefert das offenkettige Derivat (I), das mit Z=4 in der Raumgruppe P2 1 /c kristallisiert.
Mother-to-infant transmission of hepatitis-C virus (HCV) - A prospective study (1994)

Mother-to-infant transmission of hepatitis-C virus (HCV) - A prospective study. 95. Annual meeting of the American Gastroenterological Association
Laser purification of silane: impurity reduction to the sub-part-per-million level (1980)

Selective ultraviolet photolysis of AsH3 and PH3 impurities in SiH4 has been employed to photochemically purify the SiH4. At ambient temperature, initial impurity levels of 50 ppm each of AsH3 and PH3 in SiH4 were reduced to less than 0.5 ppm upon irradiation with a 193-nm ArF excimer laser. Lowering the temperature at which the photolysis is carried out to below ambient results in a substantial reduction in the laser energy required for impurity removal.
Abstract #1852: Valproic acid causes growth inhibition in oral cancer by inducing terminal differentiation (2009)

Introduction: Oral cancer is a major medical problem in many countries in Asia. These cases are often presented at late stages of the disease where treatment options are limited. Histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACIs) are a class of drugs shown to be able to regulate the acetylation of histones and histone proteins to inhibit the growth of cancer in vitro and in vivo. Valproic acid (VPA), classically used in the treatment of epilepsy have been shown to be a HDACI, and is currently undergoing Phase II clinical trials for the treatment of cancer. VPA has been shown to be effective in inhibiting cell proliferation and inducing differentiation. In addition, it has been shown to enhance the efficacy of other drugs including all-trans-retinoic acid (ATRA). In this study, we evaluated the effects of VPA in oral cancer cell lines and determined if a combination of VPA and ATRA could be used to control oral cancer. Materials and Methods: Five oral cancer cell lines were used in this study: ORL-48, 166, 215, 156 and SCC-15. Cytotoxicity and growth inhibition was evaluated with MTT and clonogenic assays respectively. The mechanism of cellular growth inhibition was investigated by looking at the expression of cell cycle genes and markers of terminal differentiation and senescence. Results: We demonstrate that VPA is cytotoxic to ORL-215, and SCC-15 with IC50 of 1.38 and 1.28 mM respectively. In addition, via clonogenic assays, we show that VPA also has cytostatic effects on ORL-215, 166 and SCC-15 where IC50 values were 1.79, 0.46 and 1.06 mM respectively. By comparing cell lines that were responsive and resistant to VPA, we demonstrate that the cytostatic response to VPA was associated with an increase in p21 expression and up-regulation of terminal differentiation markers involucrin and SPRR1b. These data suggest that the growth inhibition was at least partly due to the induction of terminal differentiation. We also investigated if a combination of VPA and ATRA could induce cytotoxicity in oral cancer cells particularly those that were resistant to VPA treatment alone. Although VPA could restore the expression of retinoic acid receptor-\#946; we did not see an increase in cell killing when both VPA and ATRA were used consecutively. Conclusion: We demonstrate that VPA has cytotoxic and cytostatic effects on oral cancer cell lines. We further demonstrate that this is due to an increase in p21 expression and the induction of terminal differentiation. We suggest that VPA could be a relevant drug for the treatment of oral cancer in patients who have minimal residual disease after curative attempt by surgery, chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy particularly in oral cancer where secondary or recurrent tumours are frequent. Citation Information: In: Proc Am Assoc Cancer Res; 2009 Apr 18-22; Denver, CO. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; 2009. Abstract nr 1852.
On k-coverage in a mostly sleeping sensor network (2004)

Sensor networks are often desired to last many times longer than the active lifetime of individual sensors. This is usually achieved by putting sensors to sleep for most of their lifetime. On the other hand, surveillance kind of applications require guaranteed k-coverage of the protected region at all times. As a result, determining the appropriate number of sensors to deploy that achieves both goals simultaneously becomes a challenging problem. In this paper, we consider three kinds of deployments for a sensor network on a unit square - a √n x √n grid, random uniform (for all n points), and Poisson (with density n). In all three deployments, each sensor is active with probability p, independently from the others. Then, we claim that the critical value of the function npπr2/log(np) is 1 for the event of k-coverage of every point. We also provide an upper bound on the window of this phase transition. Although the conditions for the three deployments are similar, we obtain sharper bounds for the random deployments than the grid deployment, which occurs due to the boundary condition. In this paper, we also provide corrections to previously published results for the grid deployment model. Finally, we use simulation to show the usefulness of our analysis in real deployment scenarios.
Dose-escalated salvage radiotherapy after radical prostatectomy in high risk prostate cancer patients without hormone therapy: outcome, prognostic factors and late toxicity (2013)

Dose-escalated SRT achieves high biochemical control. The data strongly support the application of at least 70 Gy rather than 66 Gy. They do not prove positive effects of doses >70 Gy but do not disprove them as these doses were only applied to an unfavorable patients selection.
Flexible IP cores for the k-NN classification problem and their FPGA implementation (2010)

The k-nearest neighbor (k-NN) is a popular non-parametric benchmark classification algorithm to which new classifiers are usually compared. It is used in numerous applications, some of which may involve thousands of data vectors in a possibly very high dimensional feature space. For real-time classification a hardware implementation of the algorithm can deliver high performance gains by exploiting parallel processing and block pipelining. We present two different linear array architectures that have been described as soft parameterized IP cores in VHDL. The IP cores are used to synthesize and evaluate a variety of array architectures for a different k-NN problem instances and Xilinx FPGAs. It is shown that we can solve efficiently, using a medium size FPGA device, very large size classification problems, with thousands of reference data vectors or vector dimensions, while achieving very high throughput. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first effort to design flexible IP cores for the FPGA implementation of the widely used k-NN classifier.
Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services Measure Stewards’ Assessment of the Infectious Diseases Society of America’s Position Paper on SEP-1 (2020)

Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services Measure Stewards’ Assessment of the Infectious Diseases Society of America’s Position Paper on SEP-1 Sean R Townsend, Sean R Townsend Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care Medicine, California Pacific Medical Center, San Francisco, California, USAUniversity of California San Francisco School of Medicine, San Francisco, California, USA Correspondence: S. R. Townsend, California Pacific Medical Center, 11th Floor, Executive Administration, 1101 Van Ness Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94109 (townsesr@sutterhealth.org). Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Emanuel P Rivers, Emanuel P Rivers Department of Emergency Medicine and Surgery, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan, USAWayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Reena Duseja Reena Duseja Center for Clinical Standards and Quality, Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services, Baltimore, Maryland, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 72, Issue 4, 15 February 2021, Pages 553–555, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaa458 Published: 06 May 2020 Article history Received: 13 February 2020 Editorial decision: 16 April 2020 Accepted: 17 April 2020 Published: 06 May 2020 Corrected and typeset: 22 August 2020
Non-volatile translation layer for PCM+NAND in wearable devices (2017)

Recently, there have been approaches of using phase change memory (PCM) for the wearable devices. PCM can prolong the lifetime of the wearable devices, because it can endure approximately 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">8</sup> writes per cell. Unfortunately, because previous well-known software translation algorithms were designed to use DRAM as the main memory, they execute frequent write operations on the PCM. As a solution, this paper proposes a software layer called “load-balancing flash translation layer (Load-FTL)” that enhances the performance of the PCM-based wearable devices by efficiently identifying the hot data and managing them in the PCM. Furthermore, Load-FTL prolongs the durability of the PCM using a window-based wear-leveling algorithm.
Initial Results From the Oman Drilling Project Multi‐Borehole Observatory: Petrogenesis and Ongoing Alteration of Mantle Peridotite in the Weathering Horizon (2021)

Abstract The Oman Drilling Project “Multi‐Borehole Observatory” (MBO) samples an area of active weathering of tectonically exposed peridotite. This article reviews the geology of the MBO region, summarizes recent research, and provides new data constraining ongoing alteration. Host rocks are partially to completely serpentinized, residual mantle harzburgites, and replacive. Dunites show evidence for “reactive fractionation,” in which cooling, crystallizing magmas reacted with older residues of melting. Harzburgites and dunites are 65%–100% hydrated. Ferric to total iron ratios vary from 50% to 90%. In Hole BA1B, alteration extent decreases with depth. Gradients in water and core composition are correlated. Serpentine veins are intergrown with, and cut, carbonate veins with measurable 14 C. Ongoing hydration is accompanied by SiO 2 addition. Sulfur enrichment in Hole BA1B may result from oxidative leaching of sulfur from the upper 30 m, coupled with sulfate reduction and sulfide precipitation at 30–150 m. Oxygen fugacity deep in Holes BA3A, NSHQ14, and BA2A is fixed by the reaction 2H 2 O = 2H 2 + O 2 combined with oxidation of ferrous iron in serpentine, brucite, and olivine. fO 2 deep in Holes BA1A, BA1D, and BA4A is 3–4 log units above the H 2 O‐H 2 limit, controlled by equilibria involving serpentine and brucite. Variations in alteration are correlated with texture, with reduced, low SiO 2 assemblages in mesh cores recording very low water/rock ratios, juxtaposed with adjacent veins recording much higher ratios. The proportion of reduced mesh cores versus oxidized veins increases with depth, and the difference in fO 2 recorded in cores and veins decreases with depth.
Structure-Property Relationships for Pearlite-Reduced Mo-Nb Steels Finish-Rolled Moderately Below Ar3 (1979)

A study of five laboratory steels was conducted to determine the relative effects of ferrite grain refinement, dislocation substructure, and niobium (carbon, nitrogen) [Nb(C,N)] precipitation strengthening on the as-rolled strength and toughness properties of 19-mm (0.75-in.) plates finish rolled in the two-phase region, moderately below the Ar3 temperature. The steels were molybdenum-niobium (Mo-Nb) pearlite-reduced steels having a nominal composition range of 0.08C, 1.4Mn, 0.1Si, 0.2/0.4Mo and 0/0.6Nb. The amount of ferrite formed prior to the last pass and the percent reduction imparted on the last pass were varied while the finishing temperature was held constant at 745°C (1375°F). It was found that the introduction of deformed ferrite into the structure brought two strengthening effects: dislocation substructure and, in the niobium-containing steels, strain-enhanced precipitation. The combined effect of these mechanisms reached a maximum in plates containing approximately 30 to 40 percent deformed ferrite that had experienced a 20 percent reduction on the final pass. The impact toughness was not impaired by this method of upgrading strength. Regarding grain refinement, the 0.2Mo-0.035Nb steel experienced increases in yield strength of up to 85 MPa (12.4 ksi) due to the additional grain refinement produced by rolling below the Ar3 temperature instead of finishing just above the Ar3. This type of strengthening was smaller in the 0.2Mo-0.06Nb steel and absent in the 0.4Mo-0.06Nb steel, because the initial grain sizes of these steels were finer, and lowering the finish-rolling temperature produced little or no further refinement.
Monophyletic origin of beta-division proteobacterial endosymbionts and their coevolution with insect trypanosomatid protozoa Blastocrithidia culicis and Crithidia spp. (1994)

Some trypanosomatid protozoa (order Kinetoplastida) are well known to harbor bacterial endosymbionts. Their phylogenetic positions and evolutionary relationships with the hosts were deduced by comparing the rRNA gene sequences. Earlier, we observed that these symbionts from three Crithidia spp. are identical and are closely related to Bordetella bronchiseptica. We have now sequenced the genes of another endosymbiont and the host protozoan Blastocrithidia culicis. The 16S rRNA genes of the Blastocrithidia and Crithidia symbionts share approximately 97% identity and form a distinct group, branching off the B. bronchiseptica lineage in the beta-division of Proteobacteria. Comparison of their secondary structures in the stem regions suggests compensatory mutations of the symbiont sequences, contributing to their biased base transitions from G to A and C to T. Two putative genes encoding tRNA(Ile) and tRNA(Ala) are highly conserved in the otherwise variable internal transcribed spacer region. Comparisons of the host rRNA gene sequences suggest that the symbiont-containing Crithidia and Blastocrithidia are more akin to each other than to other trypanosomatids. The evidence suggests that Blastocrithidia and Crithidia symbionts descend from a common ancestor, which had presumably entered an ancestral host and thence coevolved with it into different species. We therefore propose naming the symbionts Kinetoplastibacterium blastocrithidii and Kinetoplastibacterium crithidii.
Blockade of Cochlear NMDA Receptors Prevents Long-Term Tinnitus during a Brief Consolidation Window after Acoustic Trauma (2007)

Tinnitus, the perception of sound in the absence of external acoustic stimulation, is a common and devastating pathology. It is often a consequence of acoustic trauma or drug toxicity. The neuronal mechanisms of tinnitus are neither yet fully understood nor are effective treatments available. Using a novel behavioral paradigm for measuring tinnitus in the rat based on tone-guided navigation, we show here that the development of long-term noise-induced tinnitus, the most prevalent and clinically important form of human tinnitus, can be abated by local administration of the NMDA antagonist "ifenprodil" into the cochlea in the first 4 days following the noise insult but not afterwards. This suggests that long-term tinnitus undergoes a consolidation-like process, resembling the ontogeny of items in long-term memory. Furthermore, this finding paves the way to potential therapeutic strategies for the prevention of chronic tinnitus once the noise insult had taken place.
Video summarization and scene detection by graph modeling (2005)

We propose a unified approach for video summarization based on the analysis of video structures and video highlights. Two major components in our approach are scene modeling and highlight detection. Scene modeling is achieved by normalized cut algorithm and temporal graph analysis, while highlight detection is accomplished by motion attention modeling. In our proposed approach, a video is represented as a complete undirected graph and the normalized cut algorithm is carried out to globally and optimally partition the graph into video clusters. The resulting clusters form a directed temporal graph and a shortest path algorithm is proposed to efficiently detect video scenes. The attention values are then computed and attached to the scenes, clusters, shots, and subshots in a temporal graph. As a result, the temporal graph can inherently describe the evolution and perceptual importance of a video. In our application, video summaries that emphasize both content balance and perceptual quality can be generated directly from a temporal graph that embeds both the structure and attention information.
Deprotection of carboxylic esters of .beta.-lactam homologs. Cleavage of p-methoxybenzyl, diphenylmethyl, and tert-butyl esters effected by a phenolic matrix (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDeprotection of carboxylic esters of .beta.-lactam homologs. Cleavage of p-methoxybenzyl, diphenylmethyl, and tert-butyl esters effected by a phenolic matrixSigeru Torii, Hideo Tanaka, Masatoshi Taniguchi, Yutaka Kameyama, Michio Sasaoka, Takashi Shiroi, Ryo Kikuchi, Ichiro Kawahara, Akihiro Shimabayashi, and Shigemitsu NagaoCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1991, 56, 11, 3633–3637Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1991https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00011a034https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00011a034research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1943Altmetric-Citations34LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Facile Stem Cell Delivery to Bone Grafts Enabled by Smart Shape Recovery and Stiffening of Degradable Synthetic Periosteal Membranes (2016)

Delivering stem/progenitor cells via a degradable synthetic membrane to devitalized allogenic tissue graft surfaces presents a promising allograft‐mediated tissue regeneration strategy. However, balancing degradability and bioactivity of the synthetic membrane with physical characteristics demanded for successful clinical translation is challenging. Here, well‐integrated composites of hydroxyapatite (HA) and amphiphilic poly(lactide‐ co ‐glycolide)‐ b ‐poly(ethylene glycol)‐ b ‐poly(lactide‐ co ‐glycolide) (PELGA) with tunable degradation rates are designed that stiffen upon hydration and exhibit excellent shape recovery ability at body temperature for efficiently delivering skeletal progenitor cells around bone grafts. Unlike conventional degradable polymers that weaken upon wetting, these amphiphilic composites stiffen upon hydration as a result of enhanced polyethylene glycol (PEG) crystallization. HA‐PELGA composite membranes support the attachment, proliferation, and osteogenesis of rat periosteum‐derived cells in vitro, as well as the facile transfer of confluent cell sheets of green fluorescent protein‐labeled bone marrow stromal cells. With efficient shape memory behaviors around physiological temperature, the composite membranes can be programmed with a permanent tubular configuration, deformed into a flat temporary shape desired for cell seeding/cell sheet transfer, and triggered to wrap around a femoral bone allograft upon 37 °C saline rinse and subsequently stiffen. These properties combined make electrospun HA‐PELGA promising smart synthetic periosteal membranes for augmenting allograft healing.