gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Monodispersed Dendritic Polyesters with Removable Chain Ends: A Versatile Approach to Globular Macromolecules with Chemically Reversible Polarities. (1993)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Fractional Talbot imaging set-up for high-efficiency real-time diffractive optics (1993)

An optical configuration based on the fractional Talbot effect is proposed to improve the diffraction efficiency of dynamic diffractive optical elements written on electronically addressed liquid crystal spatial light modulators with partially opaque pixels, or on any other spatial light modulator, where a part of the pixel area is inactive. Using diffractive cover plates, the high design efficiency of a ideal multilevel diffractive optical element can almost be achieved even if 3/4 of the pixel area is blocked by drive electronics; without such cover plates, the efficiency would be limited to 1/16 of the design efficiency.
Control-Relevant Models for Glucose Control Using A Priori Patient Characteristics (2011)

One of the difficulties in the development of a reliable artificial pancreas for people with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is the lack of accurate models of an individual's response to insulin. Most control algorithms proposed to control the glucose level in subjects with T1DM are model-based. Avoiding postprandial hypoglycemia ( 60 mg/dl) while minimizing prandial hyperglycemia ( > 180 mg/dl) has shown to be difficult in a closed-loop setting due to the patient-model mismatch. In this paper, control-relevant models are developed for T1DM, as opposed to models that minimize a prediction error. The parameters of these models are chosen conservatively to minimize the likelihood of hypoglycemia events. To limit the conservatism due to large intersubject variability, the models are personalized using a priori patient characteristics. The models are implemented in a zone model predictive control algorithm. The robustness of these controllers is evaluated in silico, where hypoglycemia is completely avoided even after large meal disturbances. The proposed control approach is simple and the controller can be set up by a physician without the need for control expertise.
Monotonic Optimization Framework for Coordinated Beamforming in Multicell Networks (2012)

Intercell interference is the major limiting factor in wireless multicell networks. Recently, it has been shown that significant performance gains can be achieved by cooperation among base stations. Different degrees of cooperation are possible. In this paper, cooperation in the form of intercell interference management is considered. The base stations are equipped with multiple antennas, while the mobile terminals only have a single antenna. The base stations jointly coordinate beamforming and scheduling, and thus perform a weaker form of cooperation among base stations than suggested in recently proposed joint transmission techniques. The terminals treat intercell interference as noise. The corresponding resource allocation problem is cast as a utility maximization problem, which includes common performance objectives such as the arithmetic mean, the geometric mean, and the max-min operation of achievable user rates. The resulting utility maximization problem is a nonconvex optimization problem. After a suitable reformulation, the problem can be solved to global optimality using the framework of monotonic optimization. Although, the numerical complexity of the proposed method is exponential, the reformulation step leads to an optimization problem which only scales in the number of mobile terminals instead of the entire set of physical layer parameters. In essence, the proposed framework represents a powerful tool for computing benchmarks for certain scenarios and utility functions under jointly optimal beamforming and scheduling.
Content-Centered Collaboration Spaces in the Cloud (2009)

Emphasizing communication, collaborative work, and community, the authors envision a cloud-based platform that inverts the traditional application-content relationship by placing content rather than applications at the center, enabling users to rapidly build customized solutions around their content items. The future of collaboration will focus on building and sustaining communities around content, tasks, and ideas. Hosted entities known as content spaces will support ecosystems of users and developers around this content. To make their case, the authors review the dominant trends in computing that motivate the exploration of new approaches for content-centered collaboration and discuss ways to address certain core problems for users and organizations.
A Model of the Transient Behavior of Tractive Rolling Contacts (2008)

When an elastic body of revolution rolls tractively over another, the period from commencement of rolling until gross rolling ensues is termed the prerolling regime. The resultant tractions in this regime are characterized by rate‐independent hysteresis behavior with nonlocal memory in function of the traversed displacement. This paper is dedicated to the theoretical characterization of traction during prerolling. Firstly, a theory is developed to calculate the traction field during prerolling in function of the instantaneous rolling displacement, the imposed longitudinal, lateral and spin creepages, and the elastic contact parameters. Secondly, the theory is implemented in a numerical scheme to calculate the resulting traction forces and moments on the tractive rolling of a ball. Thirdly, the basic hysteresis characteristics are systematically established by means of influence‐parameters simulations using dimensionless forms of the problem parameters. The results obtained are consistent with the limiting cases available in literature and they confirm experimental prerolling hysteresis observations. Furthermore, in a second paper, this theory is validated experimentally for the case of V‐grooved track.
Role of Novel Drug Delivery Systems in Bioavailability Enhancement: At A Glance (2016)

Novel drug delivery systems (NDDS) are one of the most strategies which enable to overcome the problems related to drug bioavailability. It is the rate and extent to which a drug becomes available to the target tissue after its administration. Most of the new drugs used today have poor bioavailability and are required to be administered at higher doses because only a small fraction of the administered dose is absorbed in the systemic circulation and able to reach the target site. This results in the wastage of major amount of drug and lead to adverse effects. Pharmaceutical technology mainly focuses on enhancing the solubility and permeability of drugs with lower bioavailability. Nanotechnology is the concept used in NDDS that enables a weight reduction of drug particles accompanied by an increase in stability and improved functionality. Various approaches such as nanosuspensions, liposomes, niosomes, nanoemulsions, cubosomes, solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN), nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC), cyclodextrins, phytosome etc., are used for the enhancement of bioavailability. The present review focuses on the different approaches used for bioavailability enhancement along with their advantages and disadvantages.
Ultrasonic Characterization of Microstructure in Powder Metal Alloy (1990)

Abstract The ultrasonic wave propagation characteristics were measured for IN-100, a powder metallurgy alloy used for aircraft engine components. This material was selected as a model system for testing the feasibility of characterizing the microstructure of a variety of inhomogeneous media including powder metals, ceramics, castings, and composites. The data were obtained for a frequency range from about 2–20 MHz and were statistically averaged over numerous volume elements of the samples. Micrographical examination provided size and number distributions for grain and pore structure. The results showed that the predominant source for the ultrasonic attenuation and backscatter was a dense (∼100/mm3) distribution of small micropores (∼10 μm radius). Two samples with different micropore densities were studied in detail to test the feasibility of calculating from observed microstructural parameters the frequency dependence of the microstructural backscatter in the regime for which the wavelength is much larger than the size of the individual scattering centers. Excellent agreement was found between predicted and observed values so as to demonstrate the feasibility of solving the forward problem. The results suggest a way towards the nondestructive detection and characterization of anomalous distributions of micropores when conventional ultrasonics imaging is difficult. The findings are potentially significant toward the application of the early detection of porosity during the materials fabrication process and after manufacturing of potential sites for stress-induced void coalescence leading to crack initiation and subsequent failure.
Input power dividing of Doherty power amplifiers for handset applications (2009)

The input power drive of Doherty power amplifier (PA) is analyzed and a proper input dividing technique without a coupler is introduced. The efficiency and linearity are enhanced by the uneven power drive and proposed output matching circuits. The PA circuit is realized using a 2-mum InGaP/GaAs HBT process and combined using merged lumped-components for Doherty operation. For wireless broadband (WiBro) application, which has 9.54 dB crest factor and 8.75 MHz bandwidth, the PA has EVM of 3% and PAE of 40.2% at an output power of 26 dBm. This data represents that the PA has an excellent efficiency and linearity performance for handset applications, while eliminating the burden of a coupler.
Practical aspects of using IMT-advanced channel models (2009)

A geometry-based stochastic channel model was adopted for IMT-advanced evaluations. The complexity of the channel model has been under discussion within ITU-R working groups as well as in industry and academia performing system level simulations of future B3G/4G systems. The complexity reduction is a key task to improve the model usability. However, the complexity reduction should be made without reducing the model accuracy and generality too much. The large scale propagation parameters are random variables with certain distribution. One set of large scale and small scale parameters is called a ldquodroprdquo. To obtain statistical confidence, the number of drops has to be sufficient. Also in each drop, the length of simulation should be long enough. Therefore it is necessary to investigate the required number of drops and impulse responses per drop. Even more important is to study if we need multiple drops at all. This paper presents several approximation steps from full multi-drop IMT-advanced model to simple AWGN. The main message of this paper is to introduce the different approximation steps and their impact on simulation complexity. Simplification of accurate model is always possible, and the methods are known, but doing vice versa is impossible without additional information. Another result is that average channel model is not sufficient, but multiple drops are needed. Additionally, this paper discusses practical aspects on network level simulations such as network layout, user types and penetration losses.
Design of the Radiofrequency System for the 184-Inch Cyclotron (1949)

A description is given of the frequency-modulated oscillator and its associated r-f circuits, as used in the 184-inch cyclotron for accelerating deuterons to 190 million volts or alpha-particles to 380 million volts. A 9C21 water cooled tube is used in a grounded-grid circuit, which is tightly coupled to the single-dee resonant circuit so that the oscillator follows the frequency of the dee over the wide range required. During normal operation the oscillator delivers approximately 20 kw of r-f power to the dee system at an efficiency of 60 percent, giving 20 kv at the front of the dee, although the oscillator is capable of considerably more output. The frequency is swept from 12.5 mc to 9.0 mc approximately 100 times per second by a rotating condenser connected to the dee by a half-wave transmission line. Much of the history of the design, and reasons for choices made, are given, as it is felt this may be useful to others designing frequency-modulated oscillators for cyclotrons.
ChemInform Abstract: A New Cytotoxic Quinolone Alkaloid and a Pentacyclic Steroidal Glycoside from the Stem Bark of Crataeva nurvala: Study of Antiproliferative and Apoptosis Inducing Property. (2013)

Abstract New quinolone alkaloid, crataemine (I), and new pentacyclic steroidal glycoside, crataenoside (II), show cytotoxic activities against HeLa, PC‐3 and MCF‐7 cell lines.
China's futures market to internationalise (2015)

Following the success of the Stock Connect, the country is now seeking more international participation - and influence - in the global futures markets
Efficient charge-transport in hybrid lead iodide perovskite solar cells (2015)

Recently, highly efficient solar cells based on organic-inorganic perovskites have been intensively studied for developing fabricating methods and device structures. To improve the performance of perovskite film devices, delicate control of charge transfer material interconnectivity is required. Here, controlling the mesoporous TiO2 structure improves their charge collection and injection rate, and allows substantial enhancement of the corresponding device performance. We found that increasing the TiCl4 processing time deteriorates the device performance by introducing a large amount of excessively large perovskite particles, surface roughness and charge recombination. Proper TiCl4 processing dramatically improves the charge transport within the electron transfer layer, explaining the efficient performance of meso-superstructured solar cells.
Aerodynamics, Aeronautics, and Flight Mechanics (1979)

Fluid Mechanics Lift Drag Lift and Drag at High Mach Numbers The Production of Thrust Airplane Performance Helicopters and V/STOL Aircraft Static Stability and Control Open-Loop Dynamic Stability and Control Controlled Motion and Automatic Stability.
Assessing the Performance of Water and Sanitation Tariffs: The Case of Nairobi, Kenya (2021)

Abstract Policymakers and utility managers can use a variety of tariff structures to calculate customers' bills for water and sanitation services, ranging from a simple fixed monthly fee to complicated multi‐part tariffs with seasonal pricing based on metered water use. This study examines the performance of several alternative tariff structures for water and wastewater services in Nairobi, Kenya using a dynamic tariff simulation model applied to a complete set of billing records from Nairobi City Water and Sewer Company. Simulations show that a uniform volumetric price tariff structure performs as well as or better than several increasing block tariff (IBT) structures across the six performance metrics considered (customer welfare, social welfare, cost recovery, the subsidy delivered through the tariff, subsidy incidence, and water conservation). These findings are robust to changes in the level of cost recovery. This finding challenges the wisdom of the widespread use of IBTs in low‐ and middle‐income countries and current perceptions of best practice in tariff design.
Complex Networks as Nash Equilibria of Navigation Games. (2014)

The common sense suggests that networks are not random mazes of purposeless connections, but that these connections are organised so that networks can perform their functions. One common function that many networks perform is targeted transport or navigation. Here with the help of game theory we show that minimalistic networks designed to maximise the navigation efficiency at minimal cost share basic structural properties of real networks. These idealistic networks are Nash equilibria of a network construction game whose purpose is to find an optimal trade-off between the network cost and navigability. They are navigation skeletons that we show are present in the Internet, {\it E. coli} metabolic network, English word network, US airport network, and the Hungarian road network. The knowledge of these skeletons allows one to identify the minimal number of edges by altering which one can dramatically improve or paralyse the navigation in the network.
The effect of force and electrode material on electrode-to-skin impedance (2012)

This paper studies the influence of electrode coating material and contact force on the electrical contact impedance between such electrodes and skin. The electrical interface that exists between the electrode and the skin was modeled, and the modeling parameters as a function of force and material were derived. Increasing force from 80g to 350g decreased the overall resistance from 342k to 75k for AgCl and from 9.6MΩ to 0.9MΩ for gold electrodes, while capacitance increased from 2.3μF to 18μF and from 1.1μF to 5.1μF, respectively. By increasing force the variance of estimated resistance and capacitance values is reduced. This demonstrated that the AgCl electrodes are the preferred candidate for EEG recordings due to better properties in the lower end of the frequency range of interest (0.1 - 100Hz), and that with the higher contact force they can lead to stable and reproducible EEG measurements.
[Heparin inhibits metastatization of experimental melanoma]. (2004)

Heparin treatment, at human equivalent doses, modulates coagulation parameters in mice similarly to the human situation. Heparins were tested in various melanoma metastasis models for their antimetastatic activity. Heparins were active against melanoma metastasis without influencing the primary tumor. Tumor cell-induced platelet aggregation was not the primary target of heparins, since melanoma cells were not active in this respect. Our results support the notion that heparins have antimetastatic activity.
Input Stimuli for Obtaining Frequency Responses of Automatic Gain Control Hearing Aids (1989)

Developing a family of frequency response curves for AGC types of hearing instruments using swept pure tones at varying input levels often produces erroneous results. This problem is caused by exceeding the threshold for activating the AGC circuit at some frequencies but not at other frequencies during the pure-tone sweep, thereby producing a different frequency response from that which would be obtained with a complex input signal such as speech-shaped noise. This measurement artifact may be minimized by ensuring that the threshold for activating the AGC circuit is either always exceeded or never exceeded during the development of a frequency response curve. Three input signals are compared for developing a family of frequency responses for an AGC hearing aid: (1) swept pure tone, (2) swept pure tone with bias tone added, and (3) shaped broad-band noise. The shaped broad-band noise appears to be the input signal of choice.
Apolipoprotein E: Remarkable Protein Sheds Light on Cardiovascular and Neurological Diseases (2016)

Apolipoprotein E (apoE)6 is a relatively small protein (34 kDa, 299 amino acids) that has been slowly revealing its biologic secrets in cardiovascular and neurological diseases over the past 45 years since it was first observed as a protein constituent of plasma lipoproteins. ApoE is encoded by a single gene on chromosome 19 [apolipoprotein E ( APOE )]. Its seemingly complex isoform polymorphism involves 3 isoforms that differ by single amino acid interchanges at residues 112 and 158, resulting from single base changes in the APOE gene. ApoE3, the most common isoform (e3 prevalence 65%–70% in the population), differs from apoE4 (e4 prevalence 15%–20%) at residue 112, where cysteine in apoE3 is substituted for arginine. ApoE3 differs from apoE2 (e2 prevalence 8%–10%) at residue 158, where arginine in apoE3 is substituted for cysteine. ApoE4 increases the risk of cardiovascular disease and is associated with increased concentrations of LDL; it also increases risk for Alzheimer disease (AD) and decreases the age of onset and is associated with increased severity or progression of numerous other neurodegenerative disorders. ApoE2 is associated with the genetic disorder type III hyperlipoproteinemia and accelerated atherosclerosis and is “protective” against the development of AD. The structure of apoE and its function in cardiovascular and neurological diseases were elucidated with my distinguished long-term colleagues: Thomas Innerarity, Karl Weisgraber, Stanley Rall, Robert Pitas, Thomas Bersot, and Yadong Huang (Fig. 1) [for reviews, see (1–3)].



Fig. 1. Dr. Robert Mahley and his colleagues at the Gladstone Institutes.

My first encounter with the protein that would eventually be known as apoE was at Vanderbilt University Medical School during my MD–PhD studies in 1970. My thesis project was to demonstrate that the liver was the source of plasma VLDL by showing that the particles seen in the rat liver Golgi apparatus were nascent VLDL (the Golgi apparatus is now routinely isolated but then …
Analysis of Biosensor Chips for Identification of Nucleic Acids (1997)

Two novel DNA-sequencing methods are described that use DNA hybridization biosensor chips. These two techniques involve either labeling the free nucleic acid with enriched stable isotopes or hybridizing DNA without labels to immobilized peptide nucleic acid (PNA) and detecting the phosphorus present in the DNA but not in the PNA. Sputter-initiated resonance ionization microprobe analysis was used to detect the presence of enriched tin isotope-labeled DNA and of phosphorus in natural DNA as a means to identify the presence of DNA after hybridization to oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs) or PNAs, respectively, immobilized on a biosensor chip. The data clearly demonstrate that excellent discrimination between complementary and noncomplementary sequences can be obtained during hybridization of DNA to either ODNs or PNAs. The capability to detect different enriched stable isotope-labeled DNAs simultaneously allows high degrees of multiplexing which may be very advantageous for hybridization kinetics studies in complex systems, as well as significantly increasing the speed of analysis. Alternatively, by using natural DNA with PNA biosensor chips, discrimination for single-point mutation could be increased because of improved hybridization kinetics and direct analysis of genomic DNA may become possible without amplification. Both methods have the potential to provide a rapid method for DNA/RNA sequencing, diagnostics, and mapping.
Facile Fabrication of Porous Nickel Films with Tunable Colors (2012)

Metal-based photonic structures have extraordinary potentials in many applications. However, the processing difficulty of metals remains a major obstacle in this field. Here we report a facile method for constructing of porous Ni films by templating porous Si (P-Si) photonic structures. The P-Si templates were fabricated by a facile electrochemical etching method and feature periodically varied porosities along the film thickness direction. Metallic Ni was successfully electrodeposited into the mesoporous structure of the P-Si templates. After removal of the P-Si template by chemical dissolution, the nickel replica thus obtained exhibited a periodic multilayered nanoporous structure. Moreover, by changing the electrochemical etching parameters used for constructing the P-Si template, the structure of the Ni replica can be conveniently adjusted. The fabricated nickel films show distinct optical responses in the visible spectra which is dependent on their structural periodicities. Furthermore, optical sensing capability is demonstrated on the fabricated porous nickel films.