gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Redirection of the course of a Cope rearrangement by co-ordination; the thermolysis of endo-6-vinylbicyclo[3,1,0]hex-2-enerhodium(I) acetylacetonate (1972)

V. Aris, J. M. Brown and B. T. Golding, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., 1972, 1206 DOI: 10.1039/C39720001206
Enclavado femoral a través del trocánter: La vía del fresado indica una forma helicoidal del clavo (2006)

Ehmke, Larry W MS; Polzin, Britton M. I MD; Madey, Stephen M MD; Bottlang, Michael PhD Author Information
Characterization and Comparison of Chloramphenicol Acetyltransferase Variants (1979)

1. Variants of chloramphenicol acetyltransferase from a variety of bacterial species have been isolated and purified to homogeneity. They constitute a heterogeneous group of proteins as judged by analytical affinity and hydrophobic ('detergent') chromatography, native and sodium dodecyl sulfate electrophoresis, sensitivity to sulfhydryl specific reagents, steady state kinetic analysis, and reaction with antisera. 2. The most striking observation is that three variants of chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (R factor type III, Streptomyces acrimycini, and Agrobacterium tumefaciens) possess an apparent subunit molecular weight (24,500) which is significantly greater than that of all other variants examined (22,500). The three atypical variants are not identical since they show marked differences in a number of important parameters. 3. Although the fundamental mechanism of catalysis may prove to be identical for all chloramphenicol acetyltransferase variants, there is a wide range of sensitivity to thiol-directed inhibitors among the enzymes studied. 4. Amino acid sequence analysis of the N-termini of selected variants suggests that the qualitative differences among chloramphenicol acetyltransferase variants is a reflection of structural heterogeneity which is most marked in comparisons between variants from Gram-positive and Gram-negative species.
Effect of weed interference period on yield of transplanted tomato (Lycopersicon Esculentum M.) in Guder West Shewa-Oromia, Ethiopia (2015)

A field experiment was conducted for two consecutive cropping seasons (2013 and 2014) to estimate effect of weed interference period on transplanted tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum M.) in Guder West Shewa, Ethiopia. The experiment consisted of 14 treatments laid out in RCBD with three replications. From the total weed species, 81.81% were broadleaved weeds whereas 9.09 and 9.1% were sedges and grass weeds, respectively. During 2014 cropping season of the total weed flora, 83.3% were broad leaved weeds, 8.33 and 8.33% were sedges and grass weeds, respectively. Two years pooled data revealed that, density, weed dry biomass, tomato yield and relative yield loss were observed in all the two years. The lowest weed density was recorded in plot kept weed free, plot harvest (0.0 and 0.0 m-2) whereas the highest was recorded in no-weeded up to harvest (146.51, 161.33 m-2) in 2013 and 2014, respectively. Similarly, lowest (0.0, 0.0 gm-2) dry weight of weeds was recorded in weed free, whereas the highest was recorded in no-weeded up to harvest (1127.2, 1093.2 gm-2) in 2013 and 2014, respectively. The highest yield (32.04, 29.57 tons ha-1) was recorded in weed free plot which is not statistically significant with weed free up to 90 days after transplanting (DAT) (28.336, 31.511 tons ha-1) and no-weeded up to 15 DAT (29.894, 27.484 tons ha-1), whereas the lowest (4.00, 2.59 tons ha-1) was recorded from no-weeded up to harvest, respectively. Uninterrupted weed growth caused a reduction of (87.5, 90.8%), in tomato yield as compared to complete weed free in 2013 and 2014, respectively. 

	 

	Key words: Weed interference period, tomato yield, weed growth, yield loss.
ANOMALOUS RING CLEAVAGE DURING LITHIUM ALUMINUM HYDRIDE – ALUMINUM CHLORIDE REDUCTION OF 2,2,4,4-TETRAALKYLATED-1,3-DIOXOLANES (1964)

The anomalous reductive cleavage by LiAlH 4 –AlCl 3 of 2,2,4,4-tetramethyl-1,3-dioxolane in ether solution has been examined. Evidence supports the view that this unexpected direction of ring cleavage is due to steric repression of the formation of the intermediate oxocarbonium leading to cleavage of the C 2 —O 1 bond of the dioxolane ring.
Proposed Radiographic Parameters to Guide Selection of Surgical Approach for Olfactory Groove Meningioma (2022)

Objective: Olfactory groove (OG) meningiomas have traditionally been treated with transcranial approaches. With improvement in instrumentation, endoscopic endonasal approaches (EEA) have gained popularity for the resection of these tumors. Although skull base surgeons have become more facile with EEAs, there do not exist clear guidelines to favor EEA versus open resection. We propose considerations based on preoperative radiographic tumor characteristics and its relation to surrounding bony and neurovascular structures to guide surgical approach decision-making.
Chemistry and aging of organosiloxane and fluorocarbon films grown from hyperthermal polyatomic ions (2001)

Polyatomic ions can be used to deposit thin films, modify the phases of interfaces, dope trace elements into interface regions, impact specific chemical functionalities to a surface, and create micron- and nanometer-scale interface structures. This article demonstrates the broad flexibility over the modified surface properties allowed by variation of the incident ion chemical structure and kinetic energy. Organosiloxane (OS) films are deposited here on Al from mass-selected 15–100 eV Si2O(CH3)5+ ions. Monochromatic x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry are used to determine the OS film chemistry. The OS films vary from essentially organic (lightly cross-linked network) at 15 eV deposition to a more inorganic (highly cross-linked “silica like”) at 100 eV. XPS is also used to examine the aging of fluorocarbon films deposited on polystyrene by 25–100 eV CF3+ and C3F5+ ions. These films undergo only minor changes during aging, forming only a few percent oxygen on the surface. Surface restructuring and other processes are also observed in these fluorocarbon films during aging for up to 8 weeks.
Coamplification of the CDK4 gene with MDM2 and GLI in human sarcomas. (1993)

The 34-kilodalton cyclin-dependent kinase, p34cdk4, is a major catalytic subunit of mammalian D-type cyclins, which act during the G1 phase of the cell cycle to enforce the decision of cells to enter S phase. A murine complementary DNA clone was used to clone the cognate human CDK4 gene, which was localized to human chromosome 12, band q13, by fluorescence in situ hybridization. Because this chromosomal band contains the GLI and MDM2 genes, which are frequently amplified in human sarcomas, we analyzed CDK4 copy number and expression in a panel of sarcoma cell lines. An osteosarcoma cell line, OsACL, manifested a 25-fold increased copy number of CDK4, amplified concordantly with both GLI and MDM2, whereas a rhabdomyosarcoma cell line, SJRH30, was found to have an amplicon that included CDK4 and GLI but not MDM2. CDK4 mRNA and protein were overexpressed in both cell lines, and nucleotide sequencing analysis indicated that the gene had not sustained mutations. These observations provide the first evidence for amplification of a gene encoding a cell division cycle protein kinase, complement recent data indicating that genes encoding D-type cyclins are targets of chromosomal rearrangement and gene amplification in tumor cells, and suggest that CDK4 amplification might contribute to oncogenesis.
Clinical manifestations of focal segmental glomerulosclerosis in Japan from the Japan Renal Biopsy Registry: age stratification and comparison with minimal change disease (2021)

Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) is a serious condition leading to kidney failure. We aimed to investigate the clinical characteristics of FSGS and its differences compared with minimal change disease (MCD) using cross-sectional data from the Japan Renal Biopsy Registry. In Analysis 1, primary FSGS (n = 996) were stratified by age into three groups: pediatric (< 18 years), adult (18-64 years), and elderly (≥ 65 years), and clinical characteristics were compared. Clinical diagnosis of nephrotic syndrome (NS) was given to 73.5% (97/132) of the pediatric, 41.2% (256/622) of the adult, and 65.7% (159/242) of the elderly group. In Analysis 2, primary FSGS (n = 306) and MCD (n = 1303) whose clinical diagnosis was nephrotic syndrome (NS) and laboratory data were consistent with NS, were enrolled. Logistic regression analysis was conducted to elucidate the variables which can distinguish FSGS from MCD. On multivariable analysis, higher systolic blood pressure, higher serum albumin, lower eGFR, and presence of hematuria associated with FSGS. In Japanese nationwide registry, primary FSGS patients aged 18-64 years showed lower rate of NS than those in other ages. Among primary nephrotic cases, FSGS showed distinct clinical features from MCD.
Structural Analysis of fMRI Data Revisited: Improving the Sensitivity and Reliability of fMRI Group Studies (2007)

Group studies of functional magnetic resonance imaging datasets are usually based on the computation of the mean signal across subjects at each voxel (random effects analyses), assuming that all subjects have been set in the same anatomical space (normalization). Although this approach allows for a correct specificity (rate of false detections), it is not very efficient for three reasons: i) its underlying hypotheses, perfect coregistration of the individual datasets and normality of the measured signal at the group level are frequently violated; ii) the group size is small in general, so that asymptotic approximations on the parameters distributions do not hold; iii) the large size of the images requires some conservative strategies to control the false detection rate, at the risk of increasing the number of false negatives. Given that it is still very challenging to build generative or parametric models of intersubject variability, we rely on a rule based, bottom-up approach: we present a set of procedures that detect structures of interest from each subject's data, then search for correspondences across subjects and outline the most reproducible activation regions in the group studied. This framework enables a strict control on the number of false detections. It is shown here that this analysis demonstrates increased validity and improves both the sensitivity and reliability of group analyses compared with standard methods. Moreover, it directly provides information on the spatial position correspondence or variability of the activated regions across subjects, which is difficult to obtain in standard voxel-based analyses.
Gain enhancement of microstrip antennas with overlaying parasitic directors (1988)

The gain characteristics of rectangular microstrip antennas with one and two overlaying parasitic directors have been investigated experimentally. Results indicate that, when properly spaced, the parasitic directors can enhance the gain (dB) and reduce the beamwidth of the antenna by a factor of two or better.
Review article: microscopic colitis - lymphocytic, collagenous and ‘mast cell’ colitis (2011)

In patients with microscopic colitis, a systematic approach to therapy often leads to satisfactory control of symptoms. The role of mast cells in chronic diarrhoea represents an evolving field, with the potential to offer alternative treatment pathways in patients with otherwise unexplained functional diarrhoea.
ABC of transfusion. Infectious complications of blood transfusion: bacteria and parasites. (1990)

Long before the transmission of HIV became a prominent potential hazard Bacteria of blood transfusion, considerable skill in preventing the transmission of * Treponema pallidum (syphilis) infection by transfusion had already been developed in the Blood * Brucellosis (donors giving a history are Transfusion Service. The first and most important step in maintaining a not accepted in the United Kingdom)
Interference canceling characteristics of diversity reception with least‐squares combining—MMSE characteristics and ber performance (1992)

Abstract This paper discusses theoretically several characteristics of diversity reception with least‐squares combining. Least‐squares combining minimizes the combined signal error from a reference signal by the least‐squares method. Values of complex coefficients and resulting minimum mean‐square error (MMSE) are derived first on the assumption that the desired and interference signals are mutually independent. The general solutions are applied to two‐branch diversity reception, and an explicit formula that determines the CNR of the combined signal is obtained. The diversity performance is discussed from two aspects: signal combining and interference canceling. The discussions show that: (i) maximal ratio combining is achieved if there is no interference; (ii) if there is a single interference source, the interference can be canceled completely and one branch signal reception performance is obtained; and (iii) if there are two or more interference sources, the interference cannot be canceled completed and the diversity performance degrades severely. Furthermore, computer simulations determined the instantaneous CNR distribution functions and average BER performance characteristics.
Abstract 362: G Protein-Linked Receptor Kinase 4 is Palmitoylated and Acetylated and Regulates Subcellular Localization in Human Renal Proximal Tubule Cells (2012)

G protein-linked receptor kinase 4 (GRK4) is a kinase expressed in human renal proximal tubule cells (RPTC). Three single nucleotide polymorphisms in this gene are associated with hyper-phosphorylation and inactivation of the dopamine-1 receptor (D1R), and are associated with both hypertension and salt sensitivity. GRK4 is a prime therapeutic target for hypertension so we sought to discover potential post-translational modifications that could affect both localization and function. We identified two unique posttranslational modifications of GRK4 that we hypothesize are associated with protein localization. GRK4 is found at the plasma membrane (PM), in the cytoplasm and in the nucleus. We determined that GRK4 is both acetylated and palmitoylated. Using cell fractionation and immunoprecipitation, we determined that GRK4 was found in the nucleus, but acetylated GRK4 was only found in the cytoplasmic fraction using six different human RPTC cell lines (&gt;10 fold n=6, p&lt;0.01). We previously reported that PM GRK4 internalized following fenoldopam (FEN, dopamine agonist) stimulation, but the internalization only occurred in normally coupled human renal proximal tubule cells (nRPTC), not uncoupled cells (uRPTC). GRK4 is palmitoylated at the C-Terminal end of the protein (cystein 563, GGCPalmLTMVP). Using the palmitic acid tracer, 17-octadecynoic acid (17-ODYA) and Huisgen’s cycloaddition reaction (Click Reaction Chemistry) and biotin-azide for detection, we determined that GRK4 is depalmitoylated in a FEN (1μM, 30 min) and cAMP (forskolin, 10 μM, 30 min.) dependent manner. The amount of palmitoylated GRK4 was decreased following treatment with FEN (28.4%±3.6, n=3, p&lt;0.01 vs VEH) or forskolin (35.3%±6.7, n=3, p&lt;0.05 vs VEH) in nRPTC. No significant change in GRK4 palmitoylation was observed in uRPTC. The depalmitoylation of GRK4 correlates with its change in plasma membrane localization in both nRPTC and uRPTC. In conclusion we have determined for the first time that GRK4 is acetylated and the acetylated GRK4 is found only in the cytoplasmic fraction. In addition we have determined for the first time that GRK4 is depalmitoylated in nRPTC (not in uRPTC) when stimulated with FEN and this effect was mimicked by increasing intracellular cAMP using forskolin.
Direct and synergistic inhibition of hepatitis C virus replication by cyclosporin a and myocophenolic acid. (2005)

van der Laan, LJW; Henry, SD; Bartenschlager, R; Tilanus, HW; Metselaar, HJ Author Information
CDC Group O-3: Phenotypic Characteristics, Fatty Acid Composition, Isoprenoid Quinone Content, and In Vitro Antimicrobic Susceptibilities of an Unusual Gram-Negative Bacterium Isolated from Clinical Specimens (1998)

Between 1983 and 1994, 13 phenotypically similar unidentified clinical isolates were received by the Special Bacteriology Reference Laboratory, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Sources included blood (four strains), lung (three strains), knee fluid and duodenal tissue (one strain each), bone, and lymph node tissue (two strains each). All were aerobic glucose-oxidizing, slender, long, curved gram-negative rods that utilized xylose, sucrose, and maltose; did not grow on MacConkey agar in 1 to 2 days; were oxidase positive; hydrolyzed esculin; and grew on Campylobacter selective medium. All were negative for urease, indole, nitrate reduction, and gelatin hydrolysis. All were motile by means of a single polar flagellum with a noticeably short wavelength; however, motility was sometimes difficult to demonstrate. The cellular fatty acid compositions of these strains, as analyzed by gas-liquid chromatography, were unique, characterized by relatively large amounts of 16:1omega7c, 16:0, and 18:1omega7c with smaller amounts of 12:0, 3-OH-12:1, 14:0, 15:0, 18:0, Br-19:1, and 19:0cyc11-12. High-performance liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry of the quinone extracts of three representative strains showed ubiquinone-10 as the major component. Based on the breakpoints for the family Enterobacteriaceae, all the strains were susceptible in vitro to aminoglycosides, sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim, and chloramphenicol but were resistant to most beta-lactams except imipenem. The MICs of amoxicillin-clavulanate and ciprofloxacin for these strains clustered around the breakpoints, which makes it difficult to predict the strains' response in vivo to these agents. This group has been designated CDC oxidizer group 3 (O-3).
Positive response to galcanezumab following treatment failure to onabotulinumtoxinA in patients with migraine: post hoc analyses of three randomized double‐blind studies (2019)

Galcanezumab is an option for prevention of migraine in patients who have previously failed onabotulinumtoxinA preventive therapy.
Performance of Fast AMC in E-UTRAN Uplink (2008)

Evolved (E-) UTRA is currently being standardized as a long term evolution (LTE) of the 3GPP radio access technology. One of the goals of E-UTRA is to achieve 2-4 times the spectral efficiency and user throughputs compared to HSUPA/HSDPA. Support for fast link adaptation based on adaptive modulation & coding (AMC) is one of the features being introduced in the E-UTRA specifications to enhance the uplink spectral efficiency. This paper focuses on the performance evaluation of fast AMC in E-UTRA uplink compared to link adaptation schemes that only slowly adapt to the varying channel and interference conditions. It is shown that despite measurement errors and the high variability of uplink inter-cell interference, fast AMC can boost the capacity of E-UTRA uplink by approximately 20% to 25%.
PYRAMIR: a near-infrared pyramid wavefront sensor for the Calar Alto adaptive optics system (2003)

The objective of the PYRAMIR project is to complement the Calar Alto Adaptive Optics System - ALFA - with a new pyramid wavefront sensor working in the near IR, replacing the previous tip-tilt tracker arm. Here we describe the Science as well as the Technical motivation for such a system. The optical design will be presented, discussing the particular requirements posed by sensing the wavefronts in the infrared like a cooling system for the opto-mechanical components, etc. We will also talk about the components, like the IR detector we plan to use - PICNIC, as one option, the sucessor of NICMOS3 from Rockwell, together with the AO-Multiplexer. It is described how we expect to integrate the system into the optical, machanical, electronical and control architecture of ALFA.
How Large Is the Metabolome? A Critical Analysis of Data Exchange Practices in Chemistry (2009)

We conclude that present databases are not capable of comprehensively retrieving all known metabolites. Metabolome lists are yet mostly restricted to genome-reconstructed pathways. We suggest that providers of (bio)chemical databases enrich their database identifiers to PubChem IDs and InChIKeys to enable cross-database queries. In addition, peer-reviewed journal repositories need to mandate submission of structures and spectra in machine readable format to allow automated semantic annotation of articles containing chemical structures. Such changes in publication standards and database architectures will enable researchers to compile current knowledge about the metabolome of species, which may extend to derived information such as spectral libraries, organ-specific metabolites, and cross-study comparisons.
Base Catalysed Condensation of Acetone with Uracil Derivatives: One Step Synthesis of Pyranopyrimidines (1987)

Abstract Condensation of uracil derivatives (1,3,4) with acetone in the presence of triethylamine gave pyranopyrimidines (2,5,6).
Ray Differentials and Multiresolution Geometry Caching for Distribution Ray Tracing in Complex Scenes (2003)

Abstract When rendering only directly visible objects, ray tracing a few levels of specular reflection from large, low‐curvaturesurfaces, and ray tracing shadows from point‐like light sources, the accessed geometry is coherentand a geometry cache performs well. But in many other cases, the accessed geometry is incoherent and a standardgeometry cache performs poorly: ray tracing of specular reflection from highly curved surfaces, tracing rays thatare many reflection levels deep, and distribution ray tracing for wide glossy reflection, global illumination, widesoft shadows, and ambient occlusion. Fortunately, less geometric accuracy is necessary in the incoherent cases.This observation can be formalized by looking at the ray differentials for different types of scattering: coherentrays have small differentials, while incoherent rays have large differentials. We utilize this observation to obtainefficient multiresolution caching of geometry and textures (including displacement maps) for classic and distributionray tracing in complex scenes. We use an existing multiresolution caching scheme (originally developed forscanline rendering) for textures and displacement maps, and introduce a multiresolution geometry caching schemefor tessellated surfaces. The multiresolution geometry caching scheme makes it possible to efficiently render scenesthat, if fully tessellated, would use 100 times more memory than the geometry cache size.