gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
PHASE FIELD MODELING OF EQUILIBRIUM SHAPES AND GROWTH MORPHOLOGIES IN Al-Zn ALLOYS (2009)

The anisotropy of the solid-liquid interfacial energy, γsl, plays a key role in the accurate prediction of growth morphologies in metallic alloys. This interfacial energy anisotropy can vary due to alloy composition, especially when that of the pure solvent is weak. Recently Gonzales and Rappaz [1] showed the influence of an increasing zinc content on the growth direction of aluminum dendrites, which varied progressively from 〈100 〉 to 〈110 〉 as the zinc composition changed from 10 to 90 wt%. At the onset and end of this dendrite orienta-tion transition (DOT), textured seaweeds were even observed. While this DOT could be simulated by phase field modeling with a change in the anisotropy of γsl, seaweed could not be reproduced [2]. In order to explain this disagreement, it is necessary to have direct access to the anisotropy parameters. A combined numerical/experimental methodology to determine the needed experimental data is presented. It is based on inverse methods applied to 3D equilibrium shapes obtained by X-ray tomography. The gained anisotropy values are evaluated in a phase field code featuring a description of the interfacial energy anisotropy by a development up to the third order of the spherical harmonics for a cubic system. The latter enables to model growth directions out of {110} planes, which was not possible with previous models.
Chondrocyte Death Precedes Structural Damage in Blunt Impact Trauma (2001)

Joint impact trauma has been shown to cause fissures, fibrillation, and other structural damage of the cartilage or subchondral bone. Previous studies used impact energies sufficient to fracture the underlying bone. Under these circumstances, the initial influence of impact trauma on cellular components and cartilage structure is unknown. The goal of this study was to determine whether an impact trauma first causes cellular or structural damage to a cartilage layer. Such damage might be the starting point of degenerative changes found in osteoarthrosis. Porcine patellas (n = 12) were subjected to standardized low-impact loading of three magnitudes with a spherical impactor attached to a drop tower device (0.06, 0.1, and 0.2 J). India ink staining and scanning electron microscopic analysis were used for analysis and showed no evidence of gross structural disruption. Chondrocyte viability assessed with thiazole blue staining and propidium iodide counterstaining was reduced significantly in the tangential and middle zones with increasing impact energy. These results indicate that chondrocyte death may precede excessive structural damage reported in earlier studies and might be a crucial factor in posttraumatic osteoarthrosis.
Tissue remodeling of rat pulmonary arteries in recovery from hypoxic hypertension (2004)

The reversibility of tissue remodeling is of general interest to medicine. Pulmonary arterial tissue remodeling during hypertension induced by hypoxic breathing is well known, but little has been said about the recovery of the arterial wall when the blood pressure is lowered again. We hypothesize that tissue recovery is a function of the oxygen concentration, blood pressure, location on the vascular tree, and time. We measured the changes of blood pressure, vessel lumen, vessel wall thicknesses, and opening angle of each segment of the blood vessel at its zero-stress state after step changes of the oxygen concentration in the breathing gas. The zero-stress state of each vessel is emphasized because it is important to the analysis of stress and strain and in morphometry. Experimental results are presented as histories of tissue parameters after step changes of the oxygen level. Tissue characteristics are examined under the hypothesis that they are linearly related to changes in the local blood pressure. Under this linearity hypothesis, each aspect of the tissue change can be expressed as a convolution integral of the blood pressure history with a kernel called the indicial response function. It is shown the indicial response function for rising blood pressure is different from that for falling blood pressure. This difference represents a major nonlinearity of the tissue remodeling process of the blood vessels.
Ortho‐Effekte in 1‐(o‐Aminomethylaryl)‐buten(1)‐3‐onen und ihren Hydrierungsprodukten, 4. Mitt. MS‐Untersuchungen an Modellsubstanzen des Alkaloids Vinceten (1981)

Abstract Zur Klärung der Elektronenstoß‐induzierten Fragmentierung des Vincetens (1) wurden die Modellsubstanzen 3 – 9 ms durch Hochauflösung, 2 H‐Markierung und Analyse metastabiler Ionen untersucht.
Atomistic theory of electronic and optical properties of InAsP/InP nanowire quantum dots (2020)

We present here an atomistic theory of the electronic and optical properties of hexagonal InAsP quantum dots in InP nanowires in the wurtzite phase. These self-assembled quantum dots are unique in that their heights, shapes, and diameters are well known. Using a combined valence-force-field, tight-binding, and configuration-interaction approach we perform atomistic calculations of single-particle states and excitonic, biexcitonic, and trion complexes as well as emission spectra as a function of the quantum dot height, diameter, and As versus P concentration. The atomistic tight-binding parameters for InAs and InP in the wurtzite crystal phase were obtained by ab initio methods corrected by empirical band gaps. The low energy electron and hole states form electronic shells similar to parabolic or cylindrical quantum confinement, only weakly affected by hexagonal symmetry and As fluctuations. The relative alignment of the emission lines from excitons, trions, and biexcitons agrees with that for InAs/InP dots in the zincblende phase in that biexcitons and positive trions are only weakly bound. The random distribution of As atoms leads to dot-to-dot fluctuations of a few meV for the single-particle states and the spectral lines. Due to the high symmetry of hexagonal InAsP nanowire quantum dots the exciton fine structure splitting is found to be small, of the order a few $\ensuremath{\mu}\mathrm{eV}$ with significant random fluctuations in accordance with experiments.
Robust incentive techniques for peer-to-peer networks (2004)

Lack of cooperation (free riding) is one of the key problems that confronts today's P2P systems. What makes this problem particularly difficult is the unique set of challenges that P2P systems pose: large populations, high turnover, a symmetry of interest, collusion, zero-cost identities, and traitors. To tackle these challenges we model the P2P system using the Generalized Prisoner's Dilemma (GPD),and propose the Reciprocative decision function as the basis of a family of incentives techniques. These techniques are fullydistributed and include: discriminating server selection, maxflow-based subjective reputation, and adaptive stranger policies. Through simulation, we show that these techniques can drive a system of strategic users to nearly optimal levels of cooperation.
Pleiotrophin Regulates Normal and Leukemic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Fate (2012)

We recently demonstrated the cytokine pleiotrophin (PTN) is a growth factor for hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) in vitro and systemic administration of PTN is sufficient to accelerate HSC regeneration following injury in vivo (Himburg, Nat Med 2010). To determine whether PTN signaling is necessary for maintenance of the HSC pool in vivo, we characterized the HSC content of mice bearing a constitutive deletion of PTN. PTN-/- mice have significantly decreased phenotypic HSC content and competitive repopulating transplantation assays confirmed a 7-fold reduction in long-term HSCs. Transplantation of wild type BM cells into PTN+/+ versus PTN-/- mice and analysis of these chimeric mice (WT;PTN-/-) demonstrated that decrease in HSC content was dependent upon the BM microenvironment. The WT:PTN-/- mice had 5-fold less competitive repopulating ability compared to WT:PTN+/+ controls, thus confirming the role of the microenvironment in PTN signaling. Since PTN was not previously known to be produced within the HSC niche, we next sought to identify which cells within the BM produce PTN using a PTN-GFP reporter mouse. We determined that PTN is discretely produced throughout the bone marrow by VEGFR3+ endothelial cells, CXCL12+ cells, but is absent on osterix+ pre-osteoblasts. These data suggest that PTN is an important physiologic regulator of HSC fate in the HSC niche. Since PTN regulates normal hematopoiesis, we hypothesized that it might also be important in the regulation of leukemic stem cell fate. We induced a blast crisis CML phenotype in PTN-/- and WT HSCs using a retrovirus to introduce the Nup98/HoxA9 and BCR/ABL genetic mutations (Neering, Blood 2007; Ito T, Nature 2010). The BC-CML cells generated from PTN-/- cells had significantly reduced leukemic colony formation in a methylcellulose assay compared to transformed WT cells. Additionally, PTN-/- mice transplanted with PTN-/- leukemic cells demonstrated prolonged median survival compared to WT mice transplanted with WT BC-CML cells. Secondary mice transplanted with the BC-CML cells isolated from the primary spleens demonstrated significantly increased survival in the PTN-/- group compared to the control group. The PTN-/- mice had significantly reduced phenotypic leukemia stem cell (LSC) content (CD150-sca1+lin-) in the bone marrow as well as significantly smaller spleens than the WT transplanted mice. These data suggest that PTN is an important regulator of both normal and leukemic stem cell fate in vivo.
Flavin coenzymes: at the crossroads of biological redox chemistry (1980)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTFlavin coenzymes: at the crossroads of biological redox chemistryChristopher WalshCite this: Acc. Chem. Res. 1980, 13, 5, 148–155Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1980Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1980https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ar50149a004https://doi.org/10.1021/ar50149a004research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1812Altmetric-Citations360LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A Comparison of Two Current Transformer Calibration Systems at NRC Canada (2016)

A comparison of two systems based on different methods for calibration of current transformers at several different transformation ratios, burdens, and power frequencies of 60 Hz and 50 Hz is performed at the National Research Council of Canada. The obtained discrepancies in ratio and phase errors are within 5 μA/A and μrad, respectively, for small test currents and less for larger test currents.
Breast Cancer: Current Developments in Molecular Approaches to Diagnosis and Treatment (2014)

Due to the high heterogeneity of breast cancers, numerous recent patents describe improved methods of detection and classification which promise better patient prognosis and treatment. In particular, there has been a shift towards more effective genetic screening to identify specific mutations associated with breast tumours, which may lead to "personalised medicine" with improved outcomes. Two challenging areas of breast cancer research involve the development of treatments for the highly aggressive triple negative breast cancer subtype as well as the chemotherapy-resistant cancer stem cell subpopulation. In addition, despite numerous recent advances in breast cancer treatment in woman, male breast cancer remains poorly understood and there are limited therapies available which are developed specifically for men. This review serves to report on important developments in the treatment of breast malignancies patented in the past two years as well as to highlight the current gaps in the field of breast cancer therapeutics and areas which require further study.
Effects of Short Photoperiod on ATPase Activities in the Testis of the Immature Siberian Hamster (1992)

The effects of changes in photoperiod length upon body weight; spleen, thymus, and testis weights; testis protein content; testis cation pump enzyme activities; and plasma testosterone were studied in the developing Siberian hamster, Phodopus sungorus. Male hamsters were exposed to a cycle of 16L:8D (long-day), until Day 18 when half were switched to a 10L:14D (short-day) cycle, until killed 0, 2, 4, 7, 10, 12, or 15 days later. Body weight and relative testis weight (expressed as percentage of body weight) increased steadily during the first week of exposure. After 10 days, the long-day hamsters consistently weighed more (p less than 0.05). Relative testis weights in the short-day group began to decrease (p less than 0.005) within 10 days and continued to decline. Testis homogenate K(+)-pNPPase- (as a measure of Na+,K(+)-ATPase) and Mg(2+)-pNPPase-specific activities closely paralleled testis weight, with the short-day animals (p less than 0.05) differing after 10 days. Plasma testosterone levels remained below adult levels through exposure Day 15, but were relatively lower (p less than 0.05) in the short-day group after 10 days. Spleen weights were similar for the long- and short-day groups. The short-day group had larger thymus weights after 12 days (p less than 0.05), but thymus enzyme activities did not differ between the two groups. We conclude that cation pump activities in the Siberian hamster testis are significantly affected by changes in photoperiod length.
Focused beam powder diffraction with polycapillary and curved crystal optics (2008)

Focusing x-ray optics can be used to increase the intensity onto small samples, greatly reducing the data collection time for powder diffraction. Typically, the beam convergence is restricted to avoid loss of resolution since the focused beams broaden the resulting powder diffraction rings. However, the resolution, as defined by the uncertainty in peak location, can be much less than the peak width. Two types of x-ray optics, polycapillary and doubly curved crystals, were used to focus x rays onto standard inorganic powder diffraction samples. Comparisons were made of system resolution and diffracted beam intensity using low power microfocus sources.
Variations in the Amounts of 3', 5'-Cyclic AMP in Plant Tissues5 (1973)

Journal Article Variations in the Amounts of 3', 5'-Cyclic AMP in Plant Tissues5 Get access N. J. BREWIN, N. J. BREWIN Department of Biochemistry, University of CambridgeCambridge, England, CB2 1QW Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar D. H. NORTHCOTE D. H. NORTHCOTE Department of Biochemistry, University of CambridgeCambridge, England, CB2 1QW Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Journal of Experimental Botany, Volume 24, Issue 5, October 1973, Pages 881–888, https://doi.org/10.1093/jxb/24.5.881 Published: 01 October 1973 Article history Received: 01 April 1973 Published: 01 October 1973
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and 5HT‐Receptors Affinity of Some 4‐Phenylquinoline Derivatives. (1990)

Abstract The chloromethylquinolines (III), synthesized from 2‐aminobenzophenones (I) and ethyl 4‐chloroacetoacetate (II), are converted into the amino acid esters (V).
49.2: Rotating‐Wheel Braille Display for Continuous Refreshable Braille (2000)

Abstract Refreshable Braille provides a critical path to display accessibility. High cost and reliability issues severely limit the market for existing Braille displays. A novel wheel‐based design addresses reliability issues, and provides continuous Braille text with many‐fold reduction in cost.
Air‐Stable n‐Channel Organic Transistors Based on a Soluble C84 Fullerene Derivative (2006)

Air-stable n-channel organic transistors are fabricated using a newly synthesized soluble fullerene derivative. The air-stable nature of this molecule allows the realization of complementary circuits under ambient conditions without encapsulation. As shown in the figure, the I–V characteristics of the devices are retained even after exposure to air for a week. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first demonstration of an air-stable electron-transporting fullerene-based molecule.
Data-Based Optimal Synchronization of Heterogeneous Multiagent Systems in Graphical Games via Reinforcement Learning (2023)

This article studies the optimal synchronization of linear heterogeneous multiagent systems (MASs) with partial unknown knowledge of the system dynamics. The object is to realize system synchronization as well as minimize the performance index of each agent. A framework of heterogeneous multiagent graphical games is formulated first. In the graphical games, it is proved that the optimal control policy relying on the solution of the Hamilton-Jacobian-Bellmen (HJB) equation is not only in Nash equilibrium, but also the best response to fixed control policies of its neighbors. To solve the optimal control policy and the minimum value of the performance index, a model-based policy iteration (PI) algorithm is proposed. Then, according to the model-based algorithm, a data-based off-policy integral reinforcement learning (IRL) algorithm is put forward to handle the partially unknown system dynamics. Furthermore, a single-critic neural network (NN) structure is used to implement the data-based algorithm. Based on the data collected by the behavior policy of the data-based off-policy algorithm, the gradient descent method is used to train NNs to approach the ideal weights. In addition, it is proved that all the proposed algorithms are convergent, and the weight-tuning law of the single-critic NNs can promote optimal synchronization. Finally, a numerical example is proposed to show the effectiveness of the theoretical analysis.
A Novel Class Noise Detection Method for High-Dimensional Data in Industrial Informatics (2020)

The data in industrial informatics may be high-dimensional and mislabeled. Irrelevant or noisy features pose a significant challenge to the detection of high-dimensional mislabeling. The traditional method usually adopts a two-step solution, first finding the relevant subspace and then using it for mislabeling detection. This two-step method struggles to provide the optimal mislabeling detection performance, since it separates the procedures of feature selection and label error detection. To solve this problem, in this article, we integrate the two steps and propose a sequential ensemble noise filter (SENF). In the SENF, relevant features are selected and used to generate a noise score for each instance. Continuously, these noise scores guide feature selection in the regression learning. Thus, the SENF falls in the scope of sequential ensemble learning. We evaluate our approach on several benchmark datasets with high dimensionality and much label noise. It is shown that the SENF is significantly better than other existing label noise detection methods.
Visualization of regional tau deposits using 3H-THK5117 in Alzheimer brain tissue (2015)

This study supports that new tau PET tracers will provide further understanding on the role of tau pathology in the diversity of the clinical presentation in AD.
Quantization effects and limit cycling in digitally controlled single-phase PFC rectifiers (2008)

This paper examines quantization effects and limit cycling in the voltage control loop of digitally controlled single-phase power factor correction (PFC) rectifiers. Low-frequency limit cycling in the voltage loop can result in undesirable DC components, even harmonics in the AC line current and flicker. It is shown that two mechanisms can result in low-frequency limit-cycling: nonsynchronous sampling of the output voltage and quantization of the power command signal. Conditions for avoiding limit cycling are presented and verified in simulations and experiments on digital average current mode (DACM) and digital non-linear carrier (DNLC) [1] controlled PFCs.
Aortic Spoon-Jaw Clamp for Aorto-Saphenous Vein Anastomosis (1995)

In the course of coronary bypass operations the proximal anastomosis of the saphenous vein to the aorta is commonly done either with the aorta clamped completely or by using a partially occluding clamp. While under usual circumstances, either method is feasible; under other conditions, such as in the presence of partial calcification, heavy atherosclerotic deposits, or in reoperations, it is preferable not to perform either of the above methods. The purpose of this article is to present an instrument designed to allow performance of the proximal anastomosis without application of any aortic clamping in the following manner. A relatively healthy spot on the ascending aorta is selected. Under protection of a mattress suture, a stab wound is made on the aortic wall, and the lower jaw of the instrument is inserted through it into the aortic lumen. A spot is selected for the anastomotic site, the instrument is placed to that area, and its handle is closed. This effectively isolates a 10 x 8 mm area of the aortic wall from the blood flow. An opening is made in the area protected by the clamp. With the jaws of the clamp closed the vein-to-aorta anastomosis is completed as usual.
Multiplexing single electron transistors for application in scalable solid-state quantum computing (2007)

Single electron transistors (SETs) are nanoscale electrometers of unprecedented sensitivity, and as such have been proposed as readout devices in a number of quantum computer architectures. The authors show that the functionality of a standard SET can be multiplexed so as to operate as both readout device and control gate for solid-state qubit systems based on charge localization and spin-charge transduction. Such multiplexing offers new possibilities for gate density reduction in nanoscale devices, and may therefore play a role in scalable quantum computer architectures.