gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Dispersion-based optical routing in photonic crystals (2004)

We present and experimentally validate self-collimation in planar photonic crystals as a new means of achieving structureless confinement of light in optical devices. We demonstrate the ability to arbitrarily route light by exploiting the dispersive characteristics of the photonic crystal. Propagation loss as low as 2.17 dB/mm is observed, and proposed applications of these devices are presented.
Effects of transiently expressed atypical (ζ, λ), conventional (α, β) and novel (δ, ɛ) protein kinase C isoforms on insulin-stimulated translocation of epitope-tagged GLUT4 glucose transporters in rat adipocytes: specific interchangeable effects of protein kinases C-ζ and C-λ (1999)

Atypical protein kinase (PK)C isoforms, ζ and λ, have been reported to be activated by insulin via phosphoinositide 3-kinase, and have been suggested to be required for insulin-stimulated glucose transport. Here, we have examined the effects of transiently expressed wild-type (WT), constitutively active (Constit) and kinase-inactive (KI) forms of atypical PKCs, ζ and λ, on haemagglutinin antigen (HAA)-tagged glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) translocation in rat adipocytes, and compared these effects with each other and with those of comparable forms of conventional (α, β) and novel (δ, ε) PKCs, which have also been proposed to be required for insulin-stimulated glucose transport. KI-PKC-ζ evoked consistent, sizeable (overall mean of 65%) inhibitory effects on insulin-stimulated, but not basal or guanosine-5´-[γ-thio]triphosphate-stimulated, HAA-GLUT4 translocation; moreover, inhibitory effects of KI-PKC-ζ were largely reversed by co-transfection of WT-PKC-ζ. Like KI-PKC-ζ, KI-PKC-λ inhibited insulin-stimulated HAA-GLUT4 translocation by approx. 40–60%, and the combination of KI-PKC-ζ and KI-PKC-λ caused nearly complete (85%) inhibition. Of particular interest is the fact that inhibitory effects of KI forms of PKC-ζ and PKC-λ were largely reversed by the opposite WT forms, i.e. PKC-λ and PKC-ζ respectively. In contrast with KI forms of atypical PKCs, KI forms of PKC-α, PKC-β2, PKC-δ and PKC-ε had little or no effect on insulin-stimulated HAA-GLUT4 translocation. Concerning the question of sufficiency, overexpression of WT-PKC-ζ enhanced insulin effects on HAA-GLUT4 translocation, whereas WT forms of PKC-α, PKC-β2, PKC-δ and PKC-ε did not affect GLUT4 translocation; furthermore, Constit PKC-ζ evoked increases in HAA-GLUT4 translocation approaching those of insulin, but Constit forms of PKC-α and PKC-β2 were without effect. Our findings suggest that, among PKCs, the atypical PKCs, ζ and λ, appear to be specifically, but interchangeably, required for insulin effects on HAA-GLUT4 translocation.
Influence of dietary energy restriction on the numbers and proportions of Ly-1+ B lymphocytes in autoimmunity-prone mice. (1989)

Chronic energy-intake restriction (CEIR) has been shown to increase life-span, delay diseases expression, and inhibit immunological perturbations in all strains of autoimmunity-prone mice studied, including NZB, (NZB x NZW)F1, MRL/Mp-lpr/lpr, BXSB, and kd/kd mice. In (NZB x NZB)F1 mice, increased percentages and increased absolute numbers of Ly-1+ B lymphocytes in spleen, mesenteric lymph nodes, thymus, and bone marrow as revealed by two-color immunofluorescence analysis were greatly reduced by CEIR with a diet high in carbohydrate and low in fat. This influence on a possibly crucial lymphocyte subpopulation was associated with delayed onset of disease and with greatly prolonged life-span. In the present investigation, the percentages and absolute number of Ly-1+ B lymphocytes in the spleen, peritoneal exudate, and peripheral blood were found to be increased in each autoimmunity-prone strain studied. CEIR decreased the absolute and relative numbers of the Ly-1+ B lymphocytes in mice of each of the autoimmunity-prone strains and returned the number and proportions of Ly-1+ B cells close to levels present in the same locations in genetically long-lived C57BL/6, DBA/2, or BALB/c mice fed a standard commercial diet ad libitum.
Gas diffusion electrode for electrochemical cells. [acidic electrolyte] (1975)

A gas diffusion electrode for an electrochemical cell having an acidic electrolyte is discussed. It includes a metal net; a corrosion-resistant, electrolyte- and gas-impervious, graphite-foam coating on the net; sunken canals on the graphite-foam coating for conducting electrolyte; a porous catalyzing layer conforming with the net and in contact with the graphite-foam coating; and an electrically insulating coating on the graphite-foam coating. (auth)
In vitro dynamic model simulating the digestive tract of 6-month-old infants (2017)

The M.I.D.A. system was able to digest simple starches and a more complex food in the correct compartments. In this study, better digestibility of the premium product was revealed.
List of Notation (2013)

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Role of charged defects on the electrical and electromechanical properties of rhombohedralPb(Zr,Ti)O3with oxygen octahedra tilts (2016)

Oxygen octahedra tilting is a common structural phenomenon in perovskites and has been subject of intensive studies, particularly in rhombohedral $\mathrm{Pb}(\mathrm{Zr},\mathrm{Ti}){\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ (PZT). Early reports suggest that the tilted octahedra may strongly affect the domain switching behavior as well as the dielectric and piezoelectric properties of PZT ceramics. In a way similar to that proposed for tilts, however, charged defects, associated with oxygen vacancies, may also inhibit the motion of the domain walls, resulting macroscopically in pinched hysteresis loops and reduced piezoelectric response. Here, we revisit the early studies on rhombohedral PZT ceramics with tilted octahedra by considering a possible role of both tilts and charged defects on domain-wall motion. We show that the observed pinched hysteresis loops are likely associated with the presence of defect complexes containing charged oxygen vacancies, and not tilts, as suggested in some cases. Regardless of the presence or absence of long-range ordered tilts in rhombohedral PZT, the effect of charged defects is also prominent in weak-field permittivity and piezoelectric properties, particularly at sub-Hertz driving conditions where the conductivity, related to the motion of oxygen vacancies, gives rise to strong frequency dispersion.
Characterization of biological structures with nonlinear chemical imaging nanomicroscopy (2002)

Techniques of coherent nonlinear spectroscopy (second harmonic generation and third harmonic generation) are combined with near-field scanning optical microscopy for imaging selected chemical and physical environments in biological matter on a nanoscopic scale. Resonant enhancement of nonlinear signals is utilized as a method of producing chemically selective contrast while the order of the process provides environmental selectivity. Systems studied include natural killer cells and erythrocytes.
P‐191: Out Coupling Efficiency Enhancement of Organic Light Emitting Devices with Novel Periodic Nanostructures using Nanoimprint Lithography (2006)

Abstract Novel periodic nanostructures at the air‐glass interface are proposed to cope with the low out‐coupling efficiency of OLEDs. Nanoimprint lithography using sol‐gel material including glass components has been applied to periodic nanostructure formation. Luminance characteristics with new structures are improved more than 60 % compared to those without nanostructures.
Detection of Age-Induced Makeup Attacks on Face Recognition Systems Using Multi-Layer Deep Features (2019)

Makeup is a simple and easy instrument that can alter the appearance of a person's face, and hence, create a presentation attack on face recognition (FR) systems. These attacks, especially the ones mimicking ageing, are difficult to detect due to their close resemblance with genuine (non-makeup) appearances. Makeups can also degrade the performance of recognition systems and of various algorithms that use human face as an input. The detection of facial makeups is an effective prohibitory measure to minimize these problems. This work proposes a deep learning-based presentation attack detection (PAD) method to identify facial makeups. We propose the use of a convolutional neural network (CNN) to extract features that can distinguish between presentations with age-induced facial makeups (attacks), and those without makeup (bona-fide). These feature descriptors, based on shape and texture cues, are constructed from multiple intermediate layers of a CNN. We introduce a new dataset AIM (Age Induced Makeups) consisting of 200+ video presentations of old-age makeups and bona-fide, each. Our experiments indicate makeups in AIM result in 14% decrease in the median matching scores of a recent CNN-based FR system. We demonstrate accuracy of the proposed PAD method where 93% presentations in the AIM dataset are correctly classified. In additional testing, it also outperforms existing methods of detection of generic makeups. A simple score-level fusion, performed on the classification scores of shape- and texture-based features, can further improve the accuracy of the proposed makeup detector.
Pars plana cysts (1996)

Pars plana cysts are found in up to 18 per cent of eyes and are more prevalent in the older population. These cysts typically appear as ovoid elevations with a smooth, taut surface. Pars plana cysts are usually acquired, representing a normal ocular senescent change. While the cysts themselves are benign they may occur secondary to ocular or systemic pathology, most notably retinal detachment, posterior uveitis and multiple myeloma. Two cases of pars plana cysts are presented.
G151055 Multilateral Control for Enhancing Force Sence Transmission Performance under Communication Delay (2013)

This paper proposes a novel method to enhance force sensation transmission ability in multilateral control system.A realization of the multimedia which transmits force information can be used in broadcasting haptic information or education system.The multimedia can be practicalized by making use of a control system which is called multilateral control enables to share haptic information between several subsystems.However,unlike visual and audio information,information of the haptic information is bilateral.Therefore the information tends to deteriorate since the control system inevitably includes delay time.Conventional multilateral control connects all subsystems for communicating,making the quality of the communication worse.In this paper,communication path is selected in order to prevent the deterioration of the haptic information by quantifying the strength of each communication paths.The proposed method is effective to a situation where all the delay time in every communication path is different.The validity of the proposed method is verified through the experiment.
Consistent loss of the wild type allele in breast cancers from a family linked to the BRCA2 gene on chromosome 13q12-13. (1995)

A small proportion of breast cancer is attributable to the inheritance of dominant, high penetrance susceptibility genes. One of these genes, BRCA2, has recently been localised by genetic linkage analysis to chromosome 13q12-13. This is a region known to exhibit loss of heterozygosity in 20-40% sporadic breast cancers. In this study, we have examined cancers from a family showing strong evidence of linkage to BRCA2. LOH was seen in seven out of eight informative cancers. In all cases the allele lost was the wild type allele that does not segregate with the disease in the family. The data suggest that both alleles of BRCA2 are inactivated in cancers, the pattern expected of a recessive oncogene or tumour suppressor gene.
Hereditary alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency and its clinical consequences (2008)

Alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency (AATD) is a genetic disorder that manifests as pulmonary emphysema, liver cirrhosis and, rarely, as the skin disease panniculitis, and is characterized by low serum levels of AAT, the main protease inhibitor (PI) in human serum. The prevalence in Western Europe and in the USA is estimated at approximately 1 in 2,500 and 1 : 5,000 newborns, and is highly dependent on the Scandinavian descent within the population. The most common deficiency alleles in North Europe are PI Z and PI S, and the majority of individuals with severe AATD are PI type ZZ. The clinical manifestations may widely vary between patients, ranging from asymptomatic in some to fatal liver or lung disease in others. Type ZZ and SZ AATD are risk factors for the development of respiratory symptoms (dyspnoea, coughing), early onset emphysema, and airflow obstruction early in adult life. Environmental factors such as cigarette smoking, and dust exposure are additional risk factors and have been linked to an accelerated progression of this condition. Type ZZ AATD may also lead to the development of acute or chronic liver disease in childhood or adulthood: prolonged jaundice after birth with conjugated hyperbilirubinemia and abnormal liver enzymes are characteristic clinical signs. Cirrhotic liver failure may occur around age 50. In very rare cases, necrotizing panniculitis and secondary vasculitis may occur. AATD is caused by mutations in the SERPINA1 gene encoding AAT, and is inherited as an autosomal recessive trait. The diagnosis can be established by detection of low serum levels of AAT and isoelectric focusing. Differential diagnoses should exclude bleeding disorders or jaundice, viral infection, hemochromatosis, Wilson's disease and autoimmune hepatitis. For treatment of lung disease, intravenous alpha-1-antitrypsin augmentation therapy, annual flu vaccination and a pneumococcal vaccine every 5 years are recommended. Relief of breathlessness may be obtained with long-acting bronchodilators and inhaled corticosteroids. The end-stage liver and lung disease can be treated by organ transplantation. In AATD patients with cirrhosis, prognosis is generally grave.
<title>Near-infrared assay for glucose determination</title> (1999)

A new glucose sensing system based on near infra-red fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) from CocanavalinA-allophycocyanin to dextran labelled malachite green is demonstrated. Single-photon timing fluorescence lifetime measurements have enabled us to investigate and understand the quenching kinetics in terms of the dimensionality of energy transfer.
Argasid Ticks as Possible Vectors of West Nile Virus in Israel (2005)

Mites and soft ticks collected directly from wild and domestic birds and their nests were tested for the presence of West Nile virus (WNV). The cattle egret argas, Argas arboreus, was collected from the nests of seven cattle egret colonies. Out of 1,000 A. arboreus pools examined, 16 were positive for WNV based on RT-PCR technique. The positive pools were from four nesting colonies of birds. Out of 37 cattle egret squabs examined, 37.8% had serum-neutralizing antibodies to WNV. WNV RNA was also detected in one out of 15 pools of R. turanicus, in one out of 21 pools of O. sylviarum, and in one out of 18 pools of D. gallinae, while 63 pools of A. reflexus, 11 of R. sanguineus, and 30 of Hyalomma spec. were negative. The role of mites and ticks in maintaining the endemic state of WNV in Israel is discussed.
Three cases of sialorrhea in pregnant women (2011)

Sialorrhea in pregnant women is of unknown origin. Sialorrhea in pregnant women is defi ned as an excessive secretion of saliva, common in pregnant women with hyperemesis gravidarum who might have diffi culty in swallowing their saliva. Sialorrhea usually begins with hyperemesis gravidarum and ceases after delivery. We have experienced three cases Sialorrhea in pregnant women which started from the early pregnant period and then ceased after delivery. So we report three cases with a brief review of the literature.
A Dynamic Theory of Piston-Ring Lubrication : 3rd Report, Measurement of Oil Film Thickness (1961)

Some experimental studies are made on the oil film thickness of the piston-ring which was obtained theoretically in the 1 st Report. The same apparatus as in the 2 nd Report is used, and the 1 st method of this work is a measurement of the electric resistance between the cylinder and whole body of the piston-ring or its certain local parts, and the 2 nd method is a measurement of the circumferential displacement of the gap of ring. From these experiments, it is shown that the appearance of variation and the absolute value of the thickness of oil film measured against the phase of a stroke and a μU/W which is determined by the running condition coincide approximately with the result of theoretical calculation.
Kardiale MRT zur Risikostratifizierung bei Leistungssportlern im Hinblick auf nicht-ischämische Kardiomyopathien (2012)

In der Genese von plötzlichem Herztod bei Leistungssportlern spielen neben der hypertrophen Kardiomyopathie (HCM) auch die Myokarditis und ischämische Herzerkrankung eine wichtige Rolle. Ziel dieser Studie war die Abklärung dieser potentiellen Risikofaktoren sowie die quantitative Ermittlung von Funktionsparametern und Myokardmasse (MM) mittels kardiale Magnetresonanztomografie (MRT).
YieldStar: a new metrology platform for advanced lithography control (2011)

As leading edge lithography is moving to 2x-nm design rules, lithography control complements resolution as one of the main drivers and enablers to meet the very stringent overlay, focus and CD requirements. As part of ASML's holistic lithography roadmap, ASML is developing several application-specific optimization and control applications, such as LithoTuner Pattern Matcher and BaseLiner. These applications are all explicitly designed to improve the scanner process window (overlay, focus, CDU and matching). All these applications have in common that they require vast amounts of precise, accurate and process robust wafer data (either taken on product stacks or on so-called monitor wafers). To provide such essential data in a cost-effective manner, ASML developed a metrology platform, called YieldStar. This platform is based on an angle-resolved high-NA scatterometer. It is versatile, as YieldStar's sensor can measure overlay, CD and focus in a single measurement. Thanks to its high speed, large amounts of measurements can be quickly collected. In this paper the latest generation YieldStar is presented, the so-called 200 platform. This YieldStar 200 can be used in a stand-alone configuration (S-200) or as an integrated module in a lithography track (T-200). First overlay results show good TMU results without comprising speed. Furthermore, data is shown that demonstrate YieldStar's capability to reconstruct 3D CD patterns as well.
Scratch & vote (2006)

We present Scratch & Vote; (S&V), a cryptographic voting system designed to minimize cost and complexity: (1) ballots are paper-based and can be printed using today's technology, (2) ballots are universally verifiable without electionofficial intervention, and (3) tallying requires only one trustee decryption per race, thanks to homomorphic aggregation. Scratch & Vote combines the multi-candidate election techniques of Baudron et al. with the ballot-casting simplicity of Chaum and Ryan's paper-based techniques. In addition, S&V allows each voter to participate directly in the audit process on election day, prior; to casting their own ballot.
Magnetic ion Fe and Ni doping in the Cu-O chain and the CuO/sub 2/ plane in YBa/sub 2/Cu/sub 3/O//sub 7-γ/: a positron study (2003)

Fe and Ni substitutions in the Cu-O chain and the CuO/sub 2/ plane are studied by positron lifetime experiment. Change of lifetime parameters is given and local electron density is evaluated as a function of substitution content. The results show fantastic and opposite behaviors for Fe and Ni substitutions. A strengthen effect of the localized carriers in the CuO/sub 2/ planes for Ni substitution and electronic weak localization in the Cu-O chains for Fe substitution are found in YBa/sub 2/Cu/sub 3/O/sub 7-/spl delta// superconducting systems. The positron distribution and the annihilation mechanism are also discussed.
Electric field dependence of ferroelectric phase transition in epitaxial SrTiO3 films on SrRuO3 and La0.5Sr0.5CoO3 (2000)

We report on the electric field dependence of ferroelectric phase transition in epitaxial SrTiO3 (STO) thin films grown by the pulsed-laser ablation deposition method. Metallic oxides SrRuO3 (SRO) and La0.5Sr0.5CoO3 (LSCO) were used as the bottom electrodes, and the bottom electrodes influence the dielectric properties of STO films. The change in the dielectric properties originates from the different work functions and the lattice mismatches among STO film, the bottom electrode, and the substrate. However, the field-induced ferroelectric phase transition temperatures of the STO/SRO/(100) STO and the STO/LSCO/(100) LaAlO3 systems are proportional to the applied electric field, indicating a field-induced first-order ferroelectric phase transition.
Bacteriorhodopsin's M412 intermediate contains a 13-cis,14-s-trans,15-anti-retinal Schiff base chromophore (1989)

The structure of the retinal chromophore about the C = N and C14-C15 bonds in bacteriorhodopsin's M412 intermediate has been determined by analyzing resonance Raman spectra of 2H and 13C isotopic derivatives. Normal mode calculations on 13-cis-retinal Schiff bases demonstrate that the C15-D rock and N-CLys stretch are strongly coupled for C = N-syn chromophores and weakly coupled for C = N-anti chromophores. When the Schiff base geometry is anti, the C15-D rock appears as a localized resonance Raman active mode at approximately 980 cm-1, which is moderately sensitive to 13C substitution at positions 14 and 15 (approximately 7 cm-1) and insensitive to 13C substitution at the epsilon position of lysine. When the Schiff base geometry is syn, in-phase and out-of-phase combinations of the C15-D rock and N-CLys stretch are predicted at approximately 1060 and approximately 910 cm-1, respectively. The in-phase mode is more sensitive to 13C substitution at positions 14 and 15 (approximately 15 cm-1) and at the epsilon position of lysine (approximately 4 cm-1). Calculations and comparison with experimental data on dark-adapted bacteriorhodopsin indicate that the in-phase mode at approximately 1060 cm-1 carries the majority of the resonance Raman intensity. M412 exhibits a C15-D rock at 968 cm-1 that shifts 8 cm-1 when 13C is added at positions 14 and 15 and is insensitive to 13C substitution at the epsilon-position of lysine. This demonstrates that M412 contains a C = N-anti Schiff base.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Neuroimaging and neuropsychological assessment of freezing of gait in Parkinson's disease (2018)

A study using a combined approach longitudinally evaluating cognitive dysfunction and underlying neural networks in FOG is needed. We introduce the framework of a study which demonstrates the use of establishing an infrastructure for studying neurodegenerative disorders using the National Institutes of Health/National Institute of General Medical Science Center of Biomedical Research Excellence grant mechanism.
Cerebral adenosine triphosphate in rats with ammonia-induced coma (1964)

Current hypotheses of the pathogenesis of ammonia intoxication postulate an intracerebral adenosine triphosphate (ATP) depletion as a result of: 1) decreased ATP synthesis due to inhibitory effect of ammonia on cerebral oxidative metabolism; and 2) increased ATP utilization during ammonia detoxication. In this investigation net cerebral cortical ATP concentration of ammonium acetate-injected precomatose and comatose, as well as control rats, was determined using the luciferin-luciferase-luminescence assay. The normal mean cerebral cortical ATP level was 2.43 ± .50 µm/g of brain. No alteration from normal of cerebral cortical ATP was found in rats with ammonium acetate-induced precomatose and comatose states. These findings, which do not exclude ATP deficiency in some circumscribed vital cerebral site(s), indicate absence of generalized cerebral ATP depletion in experimental ammonia intoxication.