gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Diffusive wave illumination: light-scattering study of colloidal dynamics in opaque media (1998)

Microscopic movements of latex particles in the water-filled voids of a glass bead packing are investigated with a variant of dynamic light-scattering, diffusive wave illumination. We are able to measure simultaneously diffusive and convective motion of the scatterers within the pore spaces of the completely opaque medium. The influence of increased seepage velocity on the diffusion coefficient and on the speed distribution of the particles is studied. We find an exponential distribution of the convective speed. From the average speed we determine the tortuosity of the packing. Using this investigation system as an illustration, we address the methodological aspects of diffusive wave illumination and discuss its possibilities and limitations: (1) the possibility of tuning the amount of local oscillator mixed to the dynamic signal, (2) the inclusion of residual dynamics of the porous medium into the fitting model, and (3) a study of the influence of increased particle concentration on the signal correlation function.
Benign Tracheobronchial Stenoses: Changes in Short-Term and Long-Term Pulmonary Function Testing After Expandable Metallic Stent Placement (2002)

Stent placement for benign tracheobronchial stenoses provides significant immediate improvement in airflow dynamics. Long-term improvement in airflow obstruction may be expected, and additional stent placements may further improve pulmonary function.
Occurrence of the Vir Plasmid Among Animal and Human Strains of Invasive Escherichia coli (1980)

Forty-six isolates of Escherichia coli recovered from systemic diseases in animals and persons were studied to determine which isolates possessed properties attributed to the Vir plasmid. These properties were production (i) of a chick letha toxin and (ii) of a specific surface antigen. Neither toxic activity nor surface antigen production could be detected in nine E coli strains from septicemia in chickens and 11 from human cerebrospinal fluid. Two of 8 strains from human septicemic disease and 3 of 18 isolates from calf septicemia produced the toxin, but lacked the characteristic surface antigen. Two of the 18 bovine strains had both characteristics. Several methods of screening for Vir+ transconjugants were investigated in an attempt to facilitate their recognition after mating a Vir+ donor with a suitable recipient. These methods, which included precipitation in agar plates containing antiserum, immunodiffusion tests, and fluorescent antibody tests, were unsuccessful. It was observed, however, that the pattern of growth in tryptic soy broth of the Vir+ transconjugants was usually different from that of the Vir- clones. Vir+ transconjugants grew as a heavy sediment with a clear supernatant, whereas their Vir- counterparts showed a uniform turbidity. When the Vir plasmid was transferred to an E coli strain which lacked appendages, fimbriae were observed to be associated with the presence of the plasmid. Two types of fimbriae were evident. One type appeared to be sex fimbriae and the other was probably the surface antigen associated with the Vir phenotype.
Phylogenetic Diversity Analysis of Subterranean Hot Springs in Iceland (2001)

ABSTRACT Geothermal energy has been harnessed and used for domestic heating in Iceland. In wells that are typically drilled to a depth of 1,500 to 2,000 m, the temperature of the source water is 50 to 130°C. The bottoms of the boreholes can therefore be regarded as subterranean hot springs and provide a unique opportunity to study the subterranean biosphere. Large volumes of geothermal fluid from five wells and a mixture of geothermal water from 50 geothermal wells (hot tap water) were sampled and concentrated through a 0.2-μm-pore-size filter. Cells were observed in wells RG-39 (91.4°C) and MG-18 (71.8°C) and in hot tap water (76°C), but no cells were detected in wells SN-4, SN-5 (95 to 117°C), and RV-5 (130°C). Archaea and Bacteria were detected by whole-cell fluorescent in situ hybridization. DNAs were extracted from the biomass, and small-subunit rRNA genes (16S rDNAs) were amplified by PCR using primers specific for the Archaea and Bacteria domains. The PCR products were cloned and sequenced. The sequence analysis showed 11 new operational taxonomic units (OTUs) out of 14, 3 of which were affiliated with known surface OTUs. Samples from RG-39 and hot tap water were inoculated into enrichment media and incubated at 65 and 85°C. Growth was observed only in media based on geothermal water. 16S rDNA analysis showed enrichments dominated with Desulfurococcales relatives. Two strains belonging to Desulfurococcus mobilis and to the Thermus / Deinococcus group were isolated from borehole RG-39. The results indicate that subsurface volcanic zones are an environment that provides a rich subsurface for novel thermophiles.
Magnetic Field Control of the Quantum Chaotic Dynamics of Hydrogen Analogs in an Anisotropic Crystal Field (2010)

We report magnetic field control of the quantum chaotic dynamics of hydrogen analogues in an anisotropic solid state environment. The chaoticity of the system dynamics was quantified by means of energy level statistics. We analyzed the magnetic field dependence of the statistical distribution of the impurity energy levels and found a smooth transition between the Poisson limit and the Wigner limit, i.e., transition between regular Poisson and fully chaotic Wigner dynamics. The effect of the crystal field anisotropy on the quantum chaotic dynamics, which manifests itself in characteristic transitions between regularity and chaos for different field orientations, was demonstrated.
Global changes of mRNA expression reveals an increased activity of the interferon-induced signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) pathway by repression of miR-221/222 in glioblastoma U251 cells (2010)

MicroRNA (miR)-221 and miR-222 are frequently upregulated in various types of human malignancy including glioblastoma. Previous studies have identified some targets of miR-221 and miR-222, such as p27 and p57. Inter-relationship between miR-221 and miR-222 expression and global mRNA expression remains elusive. Here we knocked down miR-221 and miR-222 expression and found 158 differentially expressed genes with 2-fold changes in U251 glioma cells by microarray analysis. Using the KEGG pathway databases and BioCarta, we found that the IFN-alpha signaling pathway was the most significant pathway modulated by differentially expressed genes. STAT1 and STAT2 are core proteins in the IFN-alpha signaling pathway. By Western blotting and immunofluorescence, we found that STAT1 and STAT2 expression and phosphorylation were upregulated in U251 cells with knocked-down miR-221/222. Furthermore, tyrosine phosphorylation of STAT1 and STAT2 was present in the nucleus after repression of miR-221/222 expression in U251 cells. These data indicate for the first time a mechanism involving STAT1/2 upregulation under the transcriptional control of INF-alpha signaling after knockdown of miR-221/222 cluster in U251 glioma cells.
Makyoh-topography studies of mirrorlike surfaces: toward a quantitative understanding (1998)

A quantitative approach to the Makyoh-topography image formation mechanism is presented. General relations are given on the optical settings. Then, optical ray-tracing simulations of an isolated defect (hillock or depression) and a periodic (sinusoidal) surface are presented for different optical settings. Optimum working conditions are established, and general features of the imaging are pointed out. Supporting experimental images of semiconductor samples are shown.
Sub-micro droplet reactors for green synthesis of Li3VO4 anode materials in lithium ion batteries (2021)

The conventional solid-state reaction suffers from low diffusivity, high energy consumption, and uncontrolled morphology. These limitations are competed by the presence of water in solution route reaction. Herein, based on concept of combining above methods, we report a facile solid-state reaction conducted in water vapor at low temperature along with calcium doping for modifying lithium vanadate as anode material for lithium-ion batteries. The optimized material, delivers a superior specific capacity of 543.1, 477.1, and 337.2 mAh g<sup>-1</sup> after 200 and 1000 cycles at current densities of 100, 1000 and 4000 mA g<sup>-1</sup>, respectively, which is attributed to the contribution of pseudocapacitance. In this work, we also use experimental and theoretical calculation to demonstrate that the enhancement of doped lithium vanadate is attributed to particles confinement of droplets in water vapor along with the surface and structure variation of calcium doping effect.
Viscoelastic Behavior of Alkyl Ether Sulfate Systems Containing Sodium Carbonate (2016)

Abstract Relaxation behaviors in systems containing sodium alkyl ether sulfate and sodium carbonate were studied. The anionic surfactants were commercial grade systems with average chain lengths of twelve carbons and either one, two, or three ethoxy (EO) groups. It was found that viscosity maxima in the three systems were achieved at particular salt levels that increased with an increase in the number of EO groups. Relaxation of the optimized systems was studied by measuring the complex, storage and loss moduli as a function of frequency. Temperature was varied between 5 and 45 °C. While characterization of relaxation in terms of the Maxwell model adequately described data below the threshold of ωτ &lt; 1, the model failed to adequately describe behavior at higher frequencies. A modified expression with an additional Rouse relaxation mode adequately described relaxation throughout the frequency range studied. Temperature dependencies provided estimates of activation energies which were consistent with literature values for reptation modes of relaxation. No temperature dependencies were seen for the second relaxation mode of the model. Studies of ultrasonic attenuation in the surfactant system determined that attenuation increased in systems with higher EO content. Relaxation times were additionally found to decrease with increased EO content. This implied that diffusion in the compressive relaxation modes was more dependent on the sizes of the micellar structures as opposed to the sizes of the individual surfactant molecules.
Antiproliferative and antimetastatic characterization of an exo-heterocyclic androstane derivative against human breast cancer cell lines (2021)

Cancer in general, and specifically gynaecological neoplasms, represents a major public health issue worldwide. Based on the effect of sex hormones on breast tumorigenesis and prognosis, as well as on the development of breast cancer metastases, modification of the steroid skeleton is a hotspot of research for novel anticancer agents. Numerous recent studies support that minor modifications of the androstane skeleton yield potent antiproliferative and antimetastatic drug candidates. The aim of the present study was to assess the antitumor and antimetastatic properties, as well as the mechanism of action of a D-ring-modified exo-heterocyclic androstadiene derivative named 17APAD. The test compound was found to be highly selective towards human breast cancer-derived cell lines (MCF-7, T47D, MDA-MB-361, MDA-MB-231) compared to non-cancerous fibroblast cells (NIH/3T3), and exerted superior effect compared to the clinically applied reference drug cisplatin. Changes in MCF-7- and MDA-MB-231 cell morphology and membrane integrity induced by the test substance were assessed by fluorescent double staining. Cell cycle disturbances were analyzed by flow cytometry, and concentration-dependent alterations were detected on breast cancer cell lines. Mitochondrial apoptosis induced by the test compound was demonstrated by JC-1 staining. Inhibitory effects on metastasis formation, including the inhibition of migration, invasion and intravasation were investigated in 2D and 3D models. Significant anti-migratory and anti-invasive effects on MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells were detected after 24 h exposure in 2D wound healing and Boyden-chamber assays. The anti-intravasative properties of 17APAD were evident after 4 h of incubation in a co-culture 3D circular chemorepellent-induced defects (CCID) assay, and the level of inhibition at concentrations ≥2 µM was comparable to that exerted by the focal adhesion kinase inhibitor defactinib. Single cell mass cytometry revealed that chemosensitive subpopulations of MDA-MB-231 cells engaged to apoptosis were less positive for EGFR, CD274, and CD326, while the percentage of cells positive for GLUT1, MCT4, Pan-Keratin, CD66(a,c,e), Galectin-3 and TMEM45A increased in response to 17APAD treatment. Finally, the novel androstane analogue 17APAD had an outstanding inhibitory effect on tumour growth in the 4T1 orthotopic murine breast cancer model in vivo after 2 weeks of intraperitoneal administration. These findings support that substitution of the androsta-5,16-diene framework with a N-containing heterocyclic moiety at C17 position yields a molecular entity rational to be considered for design and synthesis of novel, effective antitumor agents, and 17APAD is worth further investigation as a promising anticancer drug candidate.
High Temperature Corrosion of Fire Grid Materials (Fe-Cr-Al and Fe-Cr-Ni Alloys) by Na<SUB>2</SUB>SO<SUB>4</SUB>+NaCl Mixtures (1975)

Corrosion tests of Fe-30 wt%Cr-5 wt%Al, Fe-25 wt%Cr-4 wt%Ni, and Fe-27 wt%Cr-1 wt%Ni alloys were made in 90%Na2SO4+10%NaCl for 96 and 240 hr at 500, 700 and 800°C. The latter two alloys are currently in service as fire grid materials.\ oindentThe experimental results are as follows:(1) Fe-30 wt%Cr-5 wt%Al alloy was most corrosion-resistant in the 90%Na2SO4+10%NaCl enviroment at 800°C. Fe-25 wt%Cr-4 wt%Ni and Fe-27 wt%Cr-1 wt%Ni alloys melted in this environment at 800°C. No significant differences in corrosion resistance between the alloys were found at 500 and 700°C.(2) From X-ray diffraction, α-NiS was detected in Fe-25 wt%Cr-4 wt%Ni alloy corroded for 240 hr at 800°C.(3) Sigma phase was detected in Fe-25 wt%Cr-4 wt%Ni alloy corroded for 240 hr at 700°C.
Treatment of hairy cell leukemia with alpha-interferon and splenectomy. (1987)

A typical case of hairy cell leukemia, very rare in Japan, is described. The biological characteristics of the disease and histological features of liver and spleen are also reported. Treatment with alpha-interferon and splenectomy was successfully performed, and the patient is now in good health.
Activation of peripheral cannabinoid CB1and CB2receptors suppresses the maintenance of inflammatory nociception: a comparative analysis (2006)

Cannabinoids act locally through distinct CB(1) and CB(2) mechanisms to suppress mechanical hypersensitivity after the establishment of chronic inflammation, at doses that produced modest changes in thermal hyperalgesia. Additive antihyperalgesic effects were observed following prophylactic co-administration of the CB(1)- and CB(2)-selective agonists. Our results suggest that peripheral cannabinoid antihyperalgesic actions may be exploited for treatment of inflammatory pain states.
Practical application and validation of the 2018 ATS/ERS/JRS/ALAT and Fleischner Society guidelines for the diagnosis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (2021)

CT UIP and Probable UIP have high specificity for histopathologic UIP, and CT UIP has high PPV for histopathologic UIP. PPV of CT Probable UIP was 46% for combined histopathologic UIP/Probable UIP. Our results indicate that additional studies are needed to further assess and refine the guideline criteria to improve classification performance.
Urinary Glycosaminoglycan Excretion Following Experimentally Induced Cystitis in Monkeys (1987)

No AccessJournal of Urology1 Jun 1987Urinary Glycosaminoglycan Excretion Following Experimentally Induced Cystitis in Monkeys David T. Uehling, Edward L. Kelley, Walter J. Hopkins, and Edward Balish David T. UehlingDavid T. Uehling More articles by this author , Edward L. KelleyEdward L. Kelley More articles by this author , Walter J. HopkinsWalter J. Hopkins More articles by this author , and Edward BalishEdward Balish More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5347(17)75277-9AboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail "Urinary Glycosaminoglycan Excretion Following Experimentally Induced Cystitis in Monkeys." The Journal of Urology, 137(6), p. 135A © 1987 by The American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 137Issue 6June 1987Page: 135A Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 1987 by The American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.MetricsAuthor Information David T. Uehling More articles by this author Edward L. Kelley More articles by this author Walter J. Hopkins More articles by this author Edward Balish More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF downloadLoading ...
High-energy high-luminosity e+e− collider using energy-recovery linacs (2020)

In this letter we present a novel approach for a high-energy high-luminosity electron-positron collider. Present designs for high-energy electron-positron colliders are either based on two storage rings with 100 km circumference with a maximum CM energy of 365 GeV or two large linear accelerators with a high energy reach but lower luminosity, especially at the lower initial CM energies. A shortcoming of the collider based on storage rings is the high electric power consumption required to compensate for the beam energy losses from the 100 MW of synchrotron radiation power [1]. We propose to use an Energy Recovery Linac (ERL) located in the same-size 100 km tunnel to mitigate this drawback. We show in this letter that using an ERL would allow large reduction of the beam energy losses while providing higher luminosity in this high-energy collider operating at or above 140 GeV center-of-mass energy. Furthermore, our approach allows for extending the CM energy to 500 GeV, which would enable double-Higgs production, and even to 600 GeV for tt‾H production.
Abnormal expression of laminin suggests disturbance of sarcolemma-extracellular matrix interaction in Japanese patients with autosomal recessive muscular dystrophy deficient in adhalin. (1994)

Dystrophin is associated with several novel sarcolemmal proteins, including a laminin-binding extracellular glycoprotein of 156 kD (alpha-dystroglycan) and a transmembrane glycoprotein of 50 kD (adhalin). Deficiency of adhalin characterizes a severe autosomal recessive muscular dystrophy prevalent in Arabs. Here we report for the first time two mongoloid (Japanese) patients with autosomal recessive muscular dystrophy deficient in adhalin. Interestingly, adhalin was not completely absent and was faintly detectable in a patchy distribution along the sarcolemma in our patients. Although the M and B2 subunits of laminin were preserved, the B1 subunit was greatly reduced in the basal lamina surrounding muscle fibers. Our results raise a possibility that the deficiency of adhalin may be associated with the disturbance of sarcolemma-extracellular matrix interaction leading to sarcolemmal instability.
A Distinct QscR Regulon in the Pseudomonas aeruginosa Quorum-Sensing Circuit (2006)

The opportunistic pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa possesses two complete acyl-homoserine lactone (acyl-HSL) signaling systems. One system consists of LasI and LasR, which generate a 3-oxododecanoyl-homoserine lactone signal and respond to that signal, respectively. The other system is RhlI and RhlR, which generate butanoyl-homoserine lactone and respond to butanoyl-homoserine lactone, respectively. These quorum-sensing systems control hundreds of genes. There is also an orphan LasR-RhlR homolog, QscR, for which there is no cognate acyl-HSL synthetic enzyme. We previously reported that a qscR mutant is hypervirulent and showed that QscR transiently represses a few quorum-sensing-controlled genes. To better understand the role of QscR in P. aeruginosa gene regulation and to better understand the relationship between QscR, LasR, and RhlR control of gene expression, we used transcription profiling to identify a QscR-dependent regulon. Our analysis revealed that QscR activates some genes and represses others. Some of the repressed genes are not regulated by the LasR-I or RhlR-I systems, while others are. The LasI-generated 3-oxododecanoyl-homoserine lactone serves as a signal molecule for QscR. Thus, QscR appears to be an integral component of the P. aeruginosa quorum-sensing circuitry. QscR uses the LasI-generated acyl-homoserine lactone signal and controls a specific regulon that overlaps with the already overlapping LasR- and RhlR-dependent regulons.
HC1-4 The Impact of Injection Timing on Mixture Preparation and Chemical Kinetics in Low-Temperature Diesel Combustion(HC: HCCI Combustion,General Session Papers) (2012)

Mixture formation and the chemical kinetics of combustion are examined in an automotive diesel engine operating at 1500 rpm and a fuel quantity corresponding to 3 bar gross IMEP. Laser-induced fluorescence of a toluene fuel tracer is used to obtain quantitative in-cylinder distributions of the fuel-air equivalence ratio, and homogeneous reactor simulations employing detailed chemistry are used to examine the impact of kinetics. With advanced combustion timing, losses in combustion efficiency and work output are found to be dominated by deficiencies in the mixture preparation process. With retarded injection, however, the chemical kinetics of combustion is the limiting factor. Trends in engine-out emissions are consistent with the measured mixture distributions and the results of the simulations.