gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Serum hypoxanthine and xanthine concentrations in horses heterozygous for combined immunodeficiency (1994)

A group of diseases termed combined immunodeficiency (CID) results in a severe form of immunodeficiency. While CID in humans has two genetics bases, in Arabian it is inherited in an autosomal recessive manner. Kettler et al. (1989) determined that uric acid was significantly (p < .001) greater in the serum of carrier Arabian horses than in non-carrier horses. The current study measured serum levels of hypoxanthine and xanthine two other products of this pathway. There were no significant differences (p > 0.05) between carrier and non-carrier horse's serum levels of hypoxanthine or xanthine. These data, combined with our previous ones suggest that an enzymatic lesion in the purine salvage pathway may occur at the urate oxidase step. ZUSAMMENFASSUNG: Serum-Hypoxanthin- und -Xanthin-Spiegel in Pferden mit Heterozygotie für kombinierte Immundefizienz Kombinierte Immundefizienz (CID), die zu einer schweren Krankheit führt, hat beim Menschen zwei genetische Ursachen, wird aber bei Araberpferden autosomal rezessiv vererbt. Kettler u. Ma. (1989) fanden den Harnsäureserumspiegel in Überträgern signifikant höher als in freien Tieren. Hier wurden mit Hypoxanthin und Xanthin zwei andere Produkte des biochemischen Pfades bestimmt, jedoch keine statistisch signifikanten Unterschiede zu Nicht-Trägern der CID gefunden. Die Ergebnisse zusammen mit unseren früheren lassen vermuten, daß der Enzymmangel im Purinpfad auf der Harnsäureoxidationsstufe existiert.
Priming with Toll-like receptor 3 agonist or interferon-gamma enhances the therapeutic effects of human mesenchymal stem cells in a murine model of atopic dermatitis (2019)

Priming with poly I:C- or IFN-γ improved the therapeutic effects of WJ-MSCs in a murine model of AD. This study suggests that priming with poly I:C or IFN-γ enhances the immunomodulatory functions of WJ-MSCs and can be used as a novel therapeutic approach for AD.
Severity of Visual Field Loss at First Presentation to Glaucoma Clinics in England and Tanzania (2019)

<b><i>Purpose</i></b>: To compare severity of visual field (VF) loss at first presentation in glaucoma clinics in England and Tanzania.<b><i>Methods</i></b>: Large archives of VF records from automated perimetry were used to retrospectively examine vision loss at first presentation in glaucoma clinics in Tanzania (N = 1,502) and England (N = 9,264). Mean deviation (MD) of the worse eye at the first hospital visit was used as an estimate of detectable VF loss severity.<b><i>Results</i></b>: In Tanzania, 44.7% {CI<sub>95%</sub>: 42.2, 47.2} of patients presented with severe VF loss (< -20 dB), versus 4.6% {4.1, 5.0} in England. If we consider late presentation to also include cases of advanced loss (-12.01 dB to -20 dB), then the proportion of patients presenting late was 58.1% {55.6, 60.6} and 14.0% {13.3, 14.7}, respectively. The proportion of late presentations was greater in Tanzania at all ages, but the difference was particularly pronounced among working-age adults, with 50.3% {46.9, 53.7} of 18-65-year-olds presenting with advanced or severe VF loss, versus 10.2% {9.3, 11.3} in England. In both countries, men were more likely to present late than women.<b><i>Conclusions</i></b>: Late presentation of glaucoma is a problem in England, and an even greater challenge in Tanzania. Possible solutions are discussed, including increased community eye-care, and a more proactive approach to case finding through the use of disruptive new technologies, such as low-cost, portable diagnostic aids.
Reversing aggregation: direct synthesis of nanocatalysts from bulk metal. Cellulose nanocrystals as active support to access efficient hydrogenation silver nanocatalysts (2015)

A highly atom-economical synthetic method to access nanocatalysts from bulk metal is described.
Airflow Simulation of an Automotive Blower for a HVAC Unit (1996)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;In Valeo Thermique, HVAC unit design involves now currently the computation process. However, special care must be taken in order to apply this technique to the blower part. This work has been undertaken in order to check ability of a CFD code, to predict fluid flow behavior in the blower part.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Therefore, parallel to the computations, an experimental bench has been set up in oder to perform 2D laser beam visualization on streamlines in the scroll, completed by 3D laser doppler velocimetry measurements.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;The velocity field at the convergence state is analysed in order to check our computational assumptions, according to 3D velocity measurements. Velocity magnitudes enable us to characterize experimental and numerical discrepancies.&lt;/div&gt;
Lever family (1881)

Journal Article Lever family Get access W. F. Lever W. F. Lever 1Salford Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Notes and Queries, Volume s6-IV, Issue 89, 10 September 1881, Page 209, https://doi.org/10.1093/nq/s6-IV.89.209g Published: 10 September 1881
Comparing humans to automation in rating photographic aesthetics (2015)

Computer vision researchers have recently developed automated methods for rating the aesthetic appeal of a photograph. Machine learning techniques, applied to large databases of photos, mimic with reasonably good accuracy the mean ratings of online viewers. However, owing to the many factors underlying aesthetics, it is likely that such techniques for rating photos do not generalize well beyond the data on which they are trained. This paper reviews recent attempts to compare human ratings, obtained in a controlled setting, to ratings provided by machine learning techniques. We review methods to obtain meaningful ratings both from selected groups of judges and also from crowd sourcing. We find that state-of-the-art techniques for automatic aesthetic evaluation are only weakly correlated with human ratings. This shows the importance of obtaining data used for training automated systems under carefully controlled conditions.
Building Programs to Eradicate Toxoplasmosis Part II: Education (2022)

Educational programs for high school students, pregnant women, medical students and professionals, scientists, and lay personnel were created. In most settings, short-term effects were evaluated. In Panama, Colombia, and USA, all materials showed short-term utility in transmitting information to learners. These educational materials can serve as a component of larger public health programs to lower disease burden from congenital toxoplasmosis. Future priorities include conducting robust longitudinal studies of whether education correlates with reduced adverse disease outcomes, modifying educational materials as new information regarding region-specific risk factors is discovered, and ensuring materials are widely accessible.
Stability-certified reinforcement learning control via spectral normalization (2022)

In this study, two types of methods from different perspectives based on spectral normalization (SN) are described for ensuring the stability of a feedback system controlled by a neural network (NN). The first one is that the L2 gain of the feedback system is bounded less than 1 to satisfy a stability condition derived from the small-gain theorem. When explicitly including the stability condition, the first type of method may provide an insufficient performance on the NN controller due to its strict stability condition. To overcome this difficulty, the second type of method is proposed, ensuring local stability with a larger region of attraction. In this second type, the stability is ensured by solving linear matrix inequalities after training the NN controller. SN improves the feasibility of the a posteriori stability test by constructing tighter local sectors. Numerical experiments show that the second type of method provides sufficient performance compared with the first one and ensures sufficient stability compared with existing reinforcement learning algorithms.1
Grain size dependence of dielectric and electrostriction of Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3-based ceramics (1987)

The dielectric and electrostrictive properties of relaxor ferroelectric Pb (Mg1/3Wb2/3)O3-based ceramics are strongly affected by the microstructure with emphasis on the grain size. Both the dielectric constant K and electrostrictive field coefficient (M) were found to increase with increasing grain size whereas the electrostrictive polarization coefficient Q was essentially independent of preparation. It was observed, however, that factors other than grain size, such as diffuseness of the phase transition, must also be taken into account to explain microstructural effects on various properties of relaxor dielectrics.
Prior based state reduction in backprojection type imaging algorithms for electrical tomography (2018)

Electrical tomography systems are imaging based measurement systems, which draw information about an inner state of an object from electrical impedance systems. Among them are electrical impedance tomography, electrical capacitance tomography or electrical resistance tomography. For imaging reconstruction a highly dimensional, ill-posed inverse problem has to be solved. Back-projection type reconstruction methods mark a class of algorithms of low computational complexity. Still, the high dimensionality causes restrictions with respect to the quality and the robustness of these methods. In this work we show the incorporation of a state reduction technique to reduce the high dimensional state vector within different backprojection type reconstruction methods. We demonstrate the usefulness of this approach e.g. with respect to its enhanced robustness and show its application for measurements in non-stationary industrial flow monitoring.
Mitochondrial-Targeted Drug and DNA Delivery (2003)

The field of mitochondrial research is currently among the fastest growing disciplines in biomedicine. Approximately 12,000 articles on mitochondria have been published since the beginning of the new millennium. What brings mitochondria into the limelight of the scientific community? Since the end of the 1980s, a series of key discoveries has been made that have rekindled the scientific interest in this long-known cell organelle. It has become increasingly evident that mitochondrial dysfunction contributes to a variety of human disorders, ranging from neurodegenerative and neuromuscular diseases, obesity, and diabetes to ischemia-reperfusion injury and cancer. Moreover, since the middle of the 1990s, mitochondria, the "power houses" of the cell, have also become accepted as the cells' "arsenal," reflecting their increasingly acknowledged key role during apoptosis. Based on these recent developments in mitochondrial research, increased pharmacological and pharmaceutical efforts have lead to the emergence of mitochondrial medicine" as a new field of biomedical research. Targeting of biologically active molecules to mitochondria in living cells will open avenues for manipulating mitochondrial functions, which may result in the selective protection, repair, or eradication of cells. This review gives a comprehensive overview of current strategies of mitochondrial targeting and their possible therapeutic applications.
Improvement on the Channel Estimation of Pilot Cyclic Prefixed Single Carrier (PCP-SC) System (2009)

The pilot cyclic prefixed single carrier (PCP-SC) system has the ability to achieve channel estimation in a fast-fading environment. It also enables symbol recovery even when the frequency domain of the channel has nulls. This letter proposes a simple but effective way of improving the performance of channel estimation. Regardless of the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and the pilot type, the receiver can achieve about a 1.72 dB performance gain for the mean squared error (MSE) of channel estimation if it implements the proposed method with slightly additional computational complexity. The proposed method can also be utilized in any type of pilot in PCP-SC and MIMO systems.
Scalable Optical Coupling between Silicon Photonics Waveguides and Polymer Waveguides (2016)

We present a silicon photonics optical I/O interfacing solution based on adiabatic optical coupling between silicon waveguides in a silicon photonics chip and polymer waveguides. Three different assembly methods were investigated for the evaluation of the coupling loss. A coupling loss as low as 0.9 dB was found at 1310 nm.
Temperature programmed static secondary ion mass spectrometric study of phosphate chemical modifiers in electrothermal atomizers (1991)

Temperature programmed static secondary ion mass spectrometry is used to investigate surface chemical reactions of phosphate chemical modifiers used for the determination of Cd and Ag in electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry. Cadmium–oxyphosphorus reactions are initiated on the surface at dry cycle temperatures, with further stabilizing reactions occurring on the surface in the char cycle temperature range. This leads to a delay in the atomization of Cd to a higher appearance temperature. However, for the determination of Ag, addition of phosphate results in an attenuation in the atomic absorption spectrometric signal intensity with no change in appearance temperature. Similar Ag–oxyphosphorus surface reactions are not observed.
Safety and efficacy of Feedlyve AXC (endo‐1,4‐β‐xylanase) as a feed additive for chickens for fattening (2016)

Feedlyve AXC is a feed additive that is available in liquid and solid formulations and contains endo-1,4-bxylanase which is produced by a strain of Trichoderma longibrachiatum. The tolerance trial submitted did not comply with the requirements of tolerance trials, and therefore, the EFSA Panel on Additives and Products or Substances used in Animal Feed (FEEDAP) could not conclude on the safety of the additive for the target species. The enzyme concentrate gave negative results in a bacterial reverse mutation assay and in an in vitro chromosome aberration assay. Moreover, the substance was negative in an in vivo micronucleus test in the rat bone marrow and the results of the subchronic oral toxicity study showed no adverse effects. However, the correspondence of the test item used and the fermentation product that is currently used to prepare the additive was not established. Therefore, the FEEDAP Panel was not in a position to conclude on the safety for the consumer of the additive. The tests conducted in order to address the safety for the user indicated that the test items were not toxic by inhalation, not irritant to the eyes or skin but showed a dermal sensitisation potential. However, the relationship between the test items and the additive for which re-evaluation is sought were not fully established. The additive is considered as a potential respiratory sensitiser. No risks to the environment are expected. The results of five trials showed that 100 AXC U/kg feed increased the content of apparent metabolisable energy of the diets in one trial, and 80 AXC U/kg feed improved the feed to gain ratio in two other trials. The trials providing evidence of efficacy at 80 AXC U/kg feed showed some limitations, and therefore, the Panel considered that there is not sufficient data to conclude on the efficacy of the additive.
A Fast 3-D Free-surface Topography Method for Acoustic Full-waveform Inversion (2016)

Summary We propose a finite-difference scheme for the simulation of seismic waves interacting with 3-D free-surface topography. The intended application is velocity model building by acoustic full-waveform inversion (FWI). The scheme follows an immersed boundary approach for wave equations in the first-order stress-velocity formulation, discretized on a standard staggered grid. Our scheme employs modified 1-D stencils rather than a full 3-D field wavefield extension at the free surface. Although this decreases the accuracy, it improves the scheme’s simplicity and robustness. To avoid stability problems, points close to the zero-pressure boundary must be excluded. The scheme, and its adjoint, have been tested by tilted geometry tests and by comparison to a finite-element method. We present a first test result of full-waveform inversion with the new scheme.
Opportunities and Threats of Interactions Between Humans and Cyber–Physical Systems – Integration and Inclusion Approaches forCPHS (2023)

The design of cyber–physical and human systems (CPHS) relates to user-centered automation and system engineering processes. This chapter discusses these integration and inclusion approaches. It proposes an inclusive solution which is applicable for a large class of CPHS. Opportunities and threats of resulting CPHS are interpreted in terms of dissonances with positive or negative impacts, respectively. The chapter discusses the principles about human-in-the-loop based CPHS. It details “tailor-made” approaches based on the human–systems integration concept. The chapter presents “all-in-one” conceptual contributions about human–systems inclusion. A framework for human–CPS inclusion process based on dissonances between humans and CPS is developed, and the chapter finishes with results about practical examples to illustrate the feasibility of such a framework. Further studies about the management of dissonances between human and CPS are needed for a deeper analysis of the proposed human–CPS inclusion framework.
Prototype Continuous Flow Ventricular Assist Device Supported on Magnetic Bearings (1996)

This article describes a prototype continuous flow pump (CFVAD2) fully supported in magnetic bearings. The pump performance was measured in a simulated adult human circulation system. The pump delivered 6 L/min of flow at 100 mm Hg of differential pressure head operating at 2,400 rpm in water. The pump is totally supported in 4 magnetic bearings: 2 radial and 2 thrust. Magnetic bearings offer the advantages of no required lubrication and large operating clearances. The geometry and other properties of the bearings are described. Bearing parameters such as load capacity and current gains are discussed. Bearing coil currents were measured during operation in air and water. The rotor was operated in various orientations to determine the actuator current gains. These values were then used to estimate the radial and thrust forces acting on the rotor in both air and water. Much lower levels of force were found than were expected, allowing for a very significant reduction in the size of the next prototype. Hemolysis levels were measured in the prototype pump and found not to indicate damage to the blood cells.
Stimulation of murine T cell subsets with anti-CD3 antibody. Age-related defects in the expression of early activation molecules. (1989)

Splenocytes from young (3 to 4 mo) and aged (24 to 26 mo) C57BL/6 mice were stimulated with anti-CD3 epsilon mAb in vitro. At the time of peak DNA synthesis (day 2), cells from aged mice incorporated congruent to 60% less [3H]TdR than cells from young mice. This age-related defect was not attributable to gross differences in anti-CD3 does optima, response kinetics, accessory cell function, numbers of T cells cultured, CD4+:CD8+ cell ratios or surface levels of CD3 epsilon molecules. In an attempt to analyze pre-S phase events in these responses, we monitored CD4+ and CD8+ cells in splenocyte cultures for the time-dependent expression of three T cell activation markers: RL388 Ag and IL-2R and transferrin R. Parallel analyses of mean T cell size and cell cycle phase distributions were performed. Non-activated T cells from both age groups similarly expressed moderate levels of RL388 Ag, low levels of transferrin R, and undetectable levels of IL-2R. Analysis of stimulated T cells revealed, in both age groups: 1) detectable increases in expression of all three markers by 6 h of culture, and continued increases associated with blastogenesis and G1 phase transit and 2) a preferential stimulation of the CD8+ subset to a state of high level marker expression. Age group comparisons of activation marker expression over time suggested that the age-related defect reflects proportionally smaller fractions of CD4+ and CD8+ cells that respond normally, rather than a general defect in all T cells or a subset-specific defect. Finally, we found that supernatants from aged donor cell cultures stimulated with anti-CD3 contained less Il-2 than those of young controls. Addition of an IL-2 containing supernatant to aged donor cell cultures increased, but did not restore, the S phase response on day 2; however, the response on day 3 was comparable to the peak (day 2) response of young controls. These data suggest that exogenous IL-2 can improve the aged response, perhaps by expanding the fraction of normally reactive T cells.
The Effect of Citrus Peel Extracts on Cytokines Levels and T Regulatory Cells in Acute Liver Injury (2014)

Our findings represent the primary preclinical data indicating that the CPE in vivo could ameliorate Con A induced hepatitis. The low dose of CPE most likely can be used for the treatment of the T cell-mediated liver injury as in autoimmune hepatitis, alcoholic hepatitis, and chronic viral hepatitis.
Merged swing-muscle synergies and their relation to walking characteristics in subacute post-stroke patients: An observational study (2022)

In post-stroke patients, muscle synergy (the coordination of motor modules during walking) is impaired. In some patients, the muscle synergy termed module 1 (hip/knee extensors) is merged with module 2 (ankle plantar flexors), and in other cases, module 1 is merged with module 4 (knee flexors). However, post-stroke individuals with a merging pattern of module 3 (hip flexor and ankle dorsiflexor) and module 4, which is the swing-muscle synergy, have not been reported. This study aimed to determine the muscle-synergy merging subtypes of post-stroke during comfortable walking speed (cws). We also examined the effect of experimental lower-limb angle modulation on the muscle synergy patterns of walking in each subtype. Forty-one participants were assessed under three conditions: cws, long stepping on the paretic side (p-long), and long stepping on the non-paretic side (np-long). Lower-limb flexion and extension angles and the electromyogram were measured during walking. Subtype classification was based on the merging pattern of the muscle synergies, and we examined the effect of different lower-limb angles on the muscle synergies. We identified three merging subtypes: module 1 with module 2 (subtype 1), module 1 with module 4 (subtype 2), and module 3 with module 4 (subtype 3). In the cws condition, the lower-limb flexion angle was reduced in subtype 3, and the lower-limb extension angle was decreased in subtype 1. A more complex muscle synergy was observed only in subtype 3 in the p-long condition versus cws (p = 0.036). This subtype classification of walking impairments based on the merging pattern of the muscle synergies could be useful for the selection of a rehabilitation strategy according to the individual's particular neurological condition. Rehabilitation with increased lower-limb flexion may be effective for the training of patients with merging of modules 3 and 4 in comfortable walking.
Supplemental Table 2 from Analysis of Molecular Markers by Anatomic Tumor Site in Stage III Colon Carcinomas from Adjuvant Chemotherapy Trial NCCTG N0147 (Alliance) (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplemental Table 2. Multivariate Cox Models (DFS, OS, and TTR)&lt;/p&gt;
ChemInform Abstract: MECHANISMS OF PHOTOOXYGENATION. 2. FORMATION OF 1,2‐DIOXETANES VIA 9,10‐DICYANOANTHRACENE‐SENSITIZED ELECTRON‐TRANSFER PROCESSES (1980)

Abstract Die Photooxidation von Olefinen wie z.B. (I), (IV) oder (V) in trockenem Acetonitril bei 0 °C in Gegenwart des Sensibilisators 9,10‐Dicyan‐anthracen (DCA) oder dessen 2‐Methylderivats führt zu Dioxetanen wie z.B. (II), die teils zu den Ketonen (IIIa) weiterreagieren, teils stabil sind (wie das aus (IV)) und teils die entsprechenden Glykoldibenzoate bilden wie das aus (Va) abgeleitete (Ausb. 5%).