gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Morphology and optical properties of InN layers grown by molecular beam epitaxy on silicon substrates (2005)

This work reports on the morphology and photoluminescence (PL) properties of wurtzite InN layers grown by plasma assisted molecular beam epitaxy (PA-MBE) on AlN-buffered Si(111) substrates. The layer morphology can be controlled by the effective indium to nitrogen molecular flux ratio, from N-rich conditions that lead to columnar InN layers, to stoichiometric conditions leading to coalesced InN layers. X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) rocking curves around the InN (002) reflection yield a minimum value of 682 arcsec full width at half maximum (FWHM) for a coalesced InN layer. PL intensity from columnar InN samples is two orders of magnitude stronger than that corresponding to coalesced material, pointing to a much higher crystalline quality of the former. PL spectra in columnar InN layers reveal an emission at 0.75 eV (16 K) that follows the typical band-gap temperature dependence and shows a linear trend with the excitation power, suggesting a band-edge recombination that yields an estimate of the energy gap for InN around 0.72 eV at room temperature. No other emissions are observed at higher energies. (© 2005 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
A New Discipline for CMOS Design: an Architecture for Sound Synthesis (1985)

A number of logic forms and clocking schemes for cMOS integrated circuits are in common use. The most common logic form consists of two networks of transistors, the gates of which are connected to the input variables.&#13;\nAn n-channel network defines the boolean condition under which the output is connected to ground (logic zero). A p-channel network defines the complementary condition under which the output is connected to a logical one. Since in many cMOS processes the output of a single&#13;\npass transistor cannot be guaranteed to exceed the logic threshold of a typical inverter, pass transistor networks are either forbidden or a complementary transmission gate employing both p and n-channel devices is used.&#13;\n&#13;\nClocking schemes for cMOS presently offer tradeoffs over a wide range in the risk vs efficiency space. In one scheme, a single phase clock and its complement are distributed, and used to control either transmission&#13;\ngates or transistors controlling power to the p and n-channel switching networks. Proper operation in either case requires that the logic delay of the stage exceeds the skew between the two clock lines. In a much safer approach, a two-phase clock is used, both the clock and its complement&#13;\nbeing distributed for each phase. In this case risk is eliminated at the expense of doubling the clock wiring. Yet another form is popular in gate-level designs. A single clock is distributed, and locally inverted at masterslave&#13;\nstorage elements. Risk in this case is eliminated at the expense of a minimum storage element employing ten or more transistors.&#13;\n&#13;\nIn this paper we describe a logic form that retains much of the simplicity, elegance, and compactness of the familiar 2-phase nMOS form, with the added advantage of fully static operation. Formal semantics for circuits implemented in this form are easily derived without detailed&#13;\ncircuit or switch-level simulation.
Design of a Dual-Mode Planar Antenna Using a Reconfigurable Matching Network (2012)

Abstract In this paper, we propose a novel reconfigurable antenna that can change the electrical shape of the matching network using RF switches of PIN diodes. The designed antenna operates at two different modes that are Mode 1 (HSDPA band, 2.1 ～ 2.2 GHz) and Mode 2(WiBro ․ WiFi band, 2.3 ～ 2.5 GHz). The antenna is built on both sides of a polyarcylate substrate. The measured reflection coefficient shows a matching bandwidth of 547 MHz(S 11 < − 3 dB, 2.035 ～ 2.582 GHz) for Mode 1 and 600 MHz(S 11 < − 3 dB, 2.2 ～ 2.8 GHz) for Mode 2, and it shows average vertical gains of − 4.4 dBi and − 4.5 dBi in x-y plane, respectively.Key words : Reconfigurable Antenna, T-Matching Network, Parallel T-Matching Network 「본연구는지식경제부및정보통신산업진흥원의대학IT연구센터육성지원사업의연구결과로수행되었음(NIPA-2012-H0301-12-2007).」 삼성전자DMC 연구소(Samsung Electronics Digital Media & Communication R & D Center)*홍익대학교전자전기공학부(School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Hongik University)․Manuscript received May 17, 2012 ; Revised November 29, 2012 ; Accepted December 7, 2012. (ID No. 20120517-060)․Corresponding Author : Hosung Choo (e-mail : hschoo@hongik.ac.kr)
Microinterferometric Study of the Structure, Interfacial Potential, and Viscoelastic Properties of Polyelectrolyte Multilayer Films on a Planar Substrate (2004)

Thin films of polyelectrolyte multilayers composed of alternating layers of poly(styrene sulfonate) and poly(allylamine hydrochloride) were characterized in terms of their structure, surface potential, and viscosity, by monitoring the Brownian height fluctuations of colloidal beads placed on the films using dual wavelength−reflection interference contrast microscopy (DW−RICM). Special attention was directed toward characterizing the surface properties of the probe beads. The effect of coating the beads with differently charged polymers and of having differently charged polymers as the topmost layer of the film was investigated. It was found that, unless the coated beads and the topmost layer were similarly charged, the beads were present at a lower height than expected and did not exhibit any Brownian fluctuations. In the case of well-fluctuating beads, the film thickness obtained by DW−RICM agreed well with that obtained by optical waveguide lightmode spectroscopy. The height fluctuations of the beads were analyzed to yield information about the bead/film interaction potential and the viscosity of the films. Both the viscosity and the stiffness of the potential decrease as the film thickness increases. We also report an unexpected power law dependence of the stiffness of the bead/substrate interaction potential on the height of the beads.
Non-vacuum chalcopyrite solar cell absorbers: The Spray-ILGAR approach (2008)

In this report, solar cells based on CuInS <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> absorber films, which were prepared by the Spray-ILGAR method, are presented for the first time. All solar cells had a glass/Mo/CuInS <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> /CdS/i-ZnO/n-ZnO/Ni-Al structure. Solar cells were produced from Spray-ILGAR CuInS <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> absorber films using various deposition parameters. To date, a maximum efficiency of 4.1 % has been achieved. The CuInS <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> absorber films consist of two layers of different crystalline quality. The origin as well as the influence of this structure on the photovoltaic performance is discussed. Therefore, scanning electron microscopy and Raman spectroscopy were applied, in order to characterize the Spray-ILGAR CuInS <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> absorber films.
ChemInform Abstract: Neo‐Clerodane Diterpenoids from Roots of Linaria saxatilis var. saxatilis. (1996)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
TeleSign: a sign language telecommunication system (2003)

TeleSign is a natural language telecommunication system for deaf and other users of a sign language (such as American Sign Language). It enables real-time telephone sign language communication. It operates on a 32-bit portable computer system with standard modem communication capabilities. TeleSign consists of an instrumented glove worn on the dominant hand of each signing participant. The glove measures the position and motion of the fingers. In addition, an absolute position and orientation sensor is worn on both wrists of each signer. The finger, hand, and wrist data from one signer are used to construct a corresponding dynamic three-dimensional graphic image of the hand and arm (in second-person perspective) on the computer screen of a second signer. On the screen the graphic hands and arms move in front of a graphic image of a human head and torso to provide position reference.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
An Amino Acid Region at the N-Terminus of Rat Hepatoma α1→2 Fucosyltransferase Modulates Enzyme Activity and Interaction with Lipids:  Strong Preference for Glycosphingolipids Containing Terminal Galβ1→3GalNAc- Structures (2001)

A GDP-fucose:GM1 alpha1-->2 fucosyltransferase (FucT) is induced during early stages of chemical hepatocarcinogenesis in parenchymal cells of Fischer 344 rats fed a diet supplemented with 0.03% N-2-acetylaminofluorene (AAF). This enzyme is undetectable in normal rat liver tissues but is highly expressed in many rat hepatoma cell lines, including rat hepatoma H35 cells. Enzymatic properties and acceptor specificity of native rat hepatoma H35 cell alpha1-->2FucT, expressed recombinant full-length H35 cell alpha1-->2FucT, and a truncated form missing the first 27 amino acid residues from the N-terminus, comprising the cytoplasmic and transmembrane domains of the enzyme, were studied. The results indicate that the recombinant full-length enzyme has a specific activity over 80-fold higher than the truncated enzyme. Both the native and recombinant full-length enzymes display significant activity in the absence of detergent or phospholipid and optimal activity in the presence of Triton CF-54 detergent. The truncated enzyme is optimally activated by CHAPSO, showing little activity in its absence. These findings are in agreement with previous studies demonstrating a requirement of a lipidic environment for optimal activity with this enzyme and suggest that the N-terminal transmembrane domain is important either in the maintenance of an active conformation or in allowing efficient interaction with acceptor glycolipids. Both the full-length and truncated enzymes transfer fucose not only to GM1 and asialo-GM1 (Gg4) but also to galactosyl globoside (Gb5) as well. Weak or undetectable transfer to lacto- and neolacto-series acceptors was observed, demonstrating a strong preference for terminal Galbeta1-->3GalNAc- structures. The structures of two reaction products generated by expressed recombinant full-length alpha1-->2FucT, which are known to be important tumor-associated antigens (fucosyl-GM1 and fucosyl-Gb5), were unambiguously confirmed by 1H-NMR spectral analysis.
ANSWER: APPROXIMATE NAME SEARCH WITH ERRORS IN LARGE DATABASES BY A NOVEL APPROACH BASED ON PREFIX-DICTIONARY (2006)

The obvious need for using modern computer networking capabilities to enable the effective sharing of information has resulted in data-sharing systems, which store, and manage large amounts of data. These data need to be effectively searched and analyzed. More specifically, in the presence of dirty data, a search for specific information by a standard query (e.g., search for a name that is misspelled or mistyped) does not return all needed information, as required in homeland security, criminology, and medical applications, amongst others. Different techniques, such as soundex, phonix, n-grams, edit-distance, have been used to improve the matching rate in these name-matching applications. These techniques have demonstrated varying levels of success, but there is a pressing need for name matching approaches that provide high levels of accuracy in matching names, while at the same time maintaining low computational complexity. In this paper, such a technique, called ANSWER, is proposed and its characteristics are discussed. Our results demonstrate that ANSWER possesses high accuracy, as well as high speed and is superior to other techniques of retrieving fuzzy name matches in large databases.
Abstract 4867: High-throughput LanthaScreen® cellular assays for interrogating post-translational modifications of p53 and histones (2010)

Abstract Post-translational modifications such as phosphorylation, acetylation and ubquitination play important roles in regulating the structure and functions of histones and transcription factors such as p53, which in turn regulate essential gene expression. Dysregulation of these post-translational modifications has been linked to cancer and metabolic diseases. In particular, histone deacetylases (HDACs) have been pursued as valuable targets for various therapeutic interventions. However, detection of these enzymatic activities in a cell-based format has remained intractable using HTS-compatible technologies. To enable the drug discovery for these post-translational modification enzymes, we have developed and validated high-throughput compatible LanthaScreen® cellular assays for the analysis of histone and/or p53-specific acetylation, ubquitination and phoshorylation in cell backgrounds of interest. The cell cycle-dependent acetylation of histone H3 at Lys9 and the phosphorylation of histone H3 at Ser10 can be detected with terbium-labeled anti-Histone H3 acetyl-lys 9 and anti-phospho-Ser10 specific antibodies, respectively. In addition, poly-ubiquitination of Histone H2B can be measured with terbium-labeled anti-poly-ubiquitin antibody. We have also applied this technology and developed cellular assays for measuring DNA-damage induced phosphorylation at Ser15 and acetylation at Lys382 of p53. These assays were further validated with both small molecule inhibitor and siRNA against specific HDAC family members. Our results suggest that the deacetylation of Histone H3 Lys 9 is mediated by type I/II HDACs, whereas the deacetylation of p53 at Lys382 is mediated synergistically by both SIRT1 and type I/II HDAC activities. Together, these assays enable interrogation of multiple enzymatic activities responsible for post-translational modifications of challenging targets such as histones and p53. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4867.
A Discriminative Lexicon Model for Complex Morphology. (2010)

This paper describes successful applications of discriminative lexicon models to the statistical machine translation (SMT) systems into morphologically complex languages. We extend the previous work on discriminatively trained lexicon models to include more contextual information in making lexical selection decisions by building a single global log-linear model of translation selection. In offline experiments, we show that the use of the expanded contextual information, including morphological and syntactic features, help better predict words in three target languages with complex morphology (Bulgarian, Czech and Korean). We also show that these improved lexical prediction models make a positive impact in the end-to-end SMT scenario from English to these languages.
Designing Novel Food Functionality Through Controlled Biopolymer Phase Separation (2010)

Consumption of nutritionally beneficial lipids, such as ï·-3 fatty acids, is currently limited because of difficulties in incorporating these oxidatively unstable components into foods. Successful completion of this project would help overcome this problem through development of innovative delivery systems for encapsulating, protecting and delivering bioactive lipids. In particular, this project would lead to the development of structural design principles that could be used by the food industry to produce bioactive lipid-loaded biopolymer particles suitable for application in a wide range of foods. Successful completion of this project could therefore have major health and economic benefits for the nation. The approach used in this project could also be adapted to encapsulate other types of food components, such as flavors, minerals and vitamins. Improved knowledge of the controlled phase separation and gelation of mixed biopolymer systems could also be used to create novel physicochemical properties and functional performances in other types of food products, e.g., viscous solutions, suspensions or gels.
Selective Hydrogenation of Citral on Pt-Containing Catalysts at Room Temperature and Atmospheric Pressure (2019)

It is shown that the 1% Pt/CeO2–ZrO2 (1% Pt/CZ) catalytic system allows selective hydrogenation of citral with a 94% conversion and a selectivity towards unsaturated alcohols of 59% at room temperature and atmospheric pressure. The effect of addition of alkali to the reaction mixture on the yield of the target products is studied, and the optimum conditions of the reaction are determined.
Genetic and Physical Mapping of the Rat agu Locus (1998)

Rats homozygous for a mutation in the agu gene display reduced ability to initiate movement and slow movement. The phenotype of these rats is of particular interest as they display the closest available non-human phenotype to Parkinson's Disease and other neurodegenerative diseases. The rats show rigidity of the hindlimbs resulting in a staggering gait and a tendency to fall over every few steps. The major characteristic of the disorder, which is progressive, is difficulty in initiating movement. The mutation leading to this phenotype is a recessive mutation in single autosomal gene, and displays full penetrance in backcross progeny. AS/AGU rats have a 30-35% reduction of neostriatal dopamine when compared to control AS rats. These animals respond well to L-Dopa treatment. This thesis presents progress towards the positional cloning of the agu gene. Since few informative markers were available in the region where agu is found to map in rat, new microsatellite markers were isolated from P1 clones identified to contain rat genes from the interval or from regions of synteny in mouse and man. These novel microsatellite markers were used to refine the genetic interval containing agu. The 3' UTR of rat genes mapped to the interval containing the agu locus were also investigated for SSCPs. Microsatellite markers from the region of synteny in mouse were also investigated for strain differences between the rat strains used, to allow mapping. Novel markers identified from the P1 clones were used in conjunction with published markers to position the agu gene within a region of approximately 10 cM. A marker was identified which maps less than 0.1 cM from the agu locus. This marker was identified within the 3' UTR of a rat gene and was used in a screen of rat genomic PI and YAC libraries. Another probe designed to the 5' UTR of this gene was also used in a screen of a rat PAC library. One PI clone, seven YAC and three PAC clones were isolated in this initial screen using the closest marker. The cloned end sequences of one of these PACs were then used in a further screen of the PAC library, resulting in seven PAC clones. All of these clones have been used to establish a genomic contig spanning at least 750 kb, thought to contain the agu gene.
Methodology for the Energy Need Assessment to Effectively Design and Deploy Mini-Grids for Rural Electrification (2019)

In order to successfully deploy a large number of decentralized energy systems in developing countries, it is necessary to standardize effective methodologies and procedures to develop off-grid/mini-grid systems. Considering that the energy need assessment provides inputs and assumptions used in business modelling and mini-grid design, the accuracy of its results directly affects the technical and financial feasibility studies. Thus, the approach for applying a proven methodology for the energy need assessment of rural communities is aimed at obtaining reliable input data for the mini-grid development. This helps in reducing both the financial challenges by mitigating the uncertainties in electricity demand and the technical challenges by contributing to adequately size off-grid power generation systems, with a view to boost toward a common overall objective of mini-grid’s optimization methods and tools. Hence, taking into consideration that target communities differ in terms of needs and context conditions, the proposed paper describes an inclusive methodology that can be adapted case-by-case. It provides an effective applied solution the lack of proven guidelines from project developers or literature, giving priority to data collection methods able to achieve a large sample representative of the market, with high accuracy in estimating the energy consumptions from electricity substitutes.
A cross-sectional study of functional and metabolic changes during aging through the lifespan in male mice (2021)

Aging is associated with distinct phenotypical, physiological, and functional changes, leading to disease and death. The progression of aging-related traits varies widely among individuals, influenced by their environment, lifestyle, and genetics. In this study, we conducted physiologic and functional tests cross-sectionally throughout the entire lifespan of male C57BL/6N mice. In parallel, metabolomics analyses in serum, brain, liver, heart, and skeletal muscle were also performed to identify signatures associated with frailty and age-dependent functional decline. Our findings indicate that declines in gait speed as a function of age and frailty are associated with a dramatic increase in the energetic cost of physical activity and decreases in working capacity. Aging and functional decline prompt organs to rewire their metabolism and substrate selection and toward redox-related pathways, mainly in liver and heart. Collectively, the data provide a framework to further understand and characterize processes of aging at the individual organism and organ levels.
Supplementary Figure Legends from ONC201 Targets AR and AR-V7 Signaling, Reduces PSA, and Synergizes with Everolimus in Prostate Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Figure 1. UPR genes in DU145 cells. Supplementary Figure 2. ONC201 does not inhibit translocation of AR-GFP to the nucleus upon DHT treatment and does not induce AR degradation. Supplementary Figure 3. ONC201 partly synergizes with docetaxol. Supplementary Figure 4. ONC201 partly synergizes with crizotinib. Supplementary Figure 5. Biweekly measurements of mouse weights after the indicated treatments in different prostate cancer xenograft models.&lt;/p&gt;
Transcriptional regulation by STAT1 and STAT2 in the interferon JAK-STAT pathway (2013)

STAT1 and STAT2 proteins are key mediators of type I and type III interferon (IFN) signaling, and are essential components of the cellular antiviral response and adaptive immunity. They associate with IFN regulatory factor 9 (IRF9) to form a heterotrimeric transcription factor complex known as ISGF3. The regulation of IFN-stimulated gene (ISG) expression has served as a model of JAK-STAT signaling and mammalian transcriptional regulation, but to date has primarily been analyzed at the single gene level. While many aspects of ISGF3-mediated gene regulation are thought to be common features applicable to several ISGs, there are also many reports of distinct cases of non-canonical STAT1 or STAT2 signaling events and distinct patterns of co-regulators that contribute to gene-specific transcription. Recent genome-wide studies have begun to uncover a more complete profile of ISG regulation, moving toward a genome-wide understanding of general mechanisms that underlie gene-specific behaviors.