gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Dynamic Metasurface Antennas for Uplink Massive MIMO Systems (2019)

Massive multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) communications are the focus of considerable interest in recent years. While the theoretical gains of massive MIMO have been established, implementing MIMO systems with large-scale antenna arrays in practice is challenging. Among the practical challenges associated with massive MIMO systems are increased cost, power consumption, and physical size. In this paper, we study the implementation of massive MIMO antenna arrays using dynamic metasurface antennas (DMAs), an emerging technology which inherently handles the aforementioned challenges. Specifically, DMAs realize large-scale planar antenna arrays and can adaptively incorporate signal processing methods such as compression and analog combining in the physical antenna structure, thus reducing the cost and power consumption. First, we propose a mathematical model for massive MIMO systems with DMAs and discuss their constraints compared to ideal antenna arrays. Then, we characterize the fundamental limits of uplink communications with the resulting systems and propose two algorithms for designing practical DMAs for approaching these limits. Our numerical results indicate that the proposed approaches result in practical massive MIMO systems whose performance is comparable to that achievable with ideal antenna arrays.
An Industrial Communication Platform for Industry 4.0 - case study (2020)

Actual trends in the industry can be described by the Industry 4.0 manifest. Characteristic features of Industry 4.0 components’ communication are interoperability and an ability of autonomous communication with other components. This article examines state-of-art technologies which could provide an environment for such communication and proposes a study of Industrial Communication Platform based on open and platform neutral communication. The Asset Administration Shell concept, which represents Industry 4.0 component, is realized by OPC Unified Architecture which already bears services which fulfill some of demanded functional requirements. Functionalities e.g. auto-discovery provided by OPC Unified Architecture Local Discovery Service with Multicast Extensions combining with an Aggregating Server are proposed for creating an asset which could automatically aggregates other assets connected to network. An innovation presented in this work is MQTT version 5 feature response topic, which could enable request-response features in publish-subscribe communication model. What could enable all valuable OPC Unified Architecture services over publish-subscribe communication. An ambition of this study is to leverage proposed structure of the Industrial Communication Platform to become a base for a testbed at Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava.
Impacts of bias nonstationarity of climate model outputs on hydrological simulations (2020)

Abstract Bias correction methods are based on the assumption of bias stationarity of climate model outputs. However, this assumption may not be valid, because of the natural climate variability. This study investigates the impacts of bias nonstationarity of climate models simulated precipitation and temperature on hydrological climate change impact studies. The bias nonstationarity is determined as the range of difference in bias over multiple historical periods with no anthropogenic climate change for four different time windows. The role of bias nonstationarity in future climate change is assessed using the signal-to-noise ratio as a criterion. The results show that biases of climate models simulated monthly and annual precipitation and temperature vary with time, especially for short time windows. The bias nonstationarity of precipitation plays a great role in future precipitation change, while the role of temperature bias is not important. The bias nonstationarity of climate model outputs is amplified when driving a hydrological model for hydrological simulations. The increase in the length of time window can mitigate the impacts of bias nonstationarity for streamflow projections. Thus, a long time period is suggested to be used to calibrate a bias correction method for hydrological climate change impact studies to reduce the influence of natural climate variability.
Construction of a machine vision system for autonomous applications (1996)

Thesis (M. Eng.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 1996.
SNM-aware power reduction and reliability improvement in 45nm SRAMs (2011)

Read stability and write ability are important factors in SRAM design. However, read stability and write ability of the 6T-cell are conflicting design requirements. It is increasingly more difficult to balance these requirements with conventional transistor sizing and V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">th</sub> optimization as technology scales. In this paper, we present a method to help reduce SRAM power consumption by deciding the optimal pull-up transistor size in 6T SRAM cell. Our experiments show that the proposed method can reduce the supply voltage as much as 7-8%. Furthermore, our method has an average 7.76% power reduction in both active and standby mode at 25°C, a 35% V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">th</sub> variation reduction, 7.78% SNM variation reduction and 11.3% NBTI degradation reduction with at most 1.95% area overhead.
P2X purinergic receptor ligands: recently patented compounds (2010)

Importance of the field: P2X channels are ionotropic purinergic receptors that are currently under scrutiny as attractive targets for novel therapeutics in areas including chronic inflammation, pain and depression. Their wide expression in the CNS, recent advances in the biochemical and pharmacological properties as well as increasing numbers of patents published in this research domain demand a review in this field.Areas covered in this review: The patent literature covering novel drug-like antagonists for each P2X receptor subtype (P2X1R to P2X7R) up to December 2009 is described in this review article together with their recent highlights in pharmacology.What the reader will gain: Readers will gain an up-to-date overview of patents covering drug-like antagonists for seven P2X receptor subtypes within the last 4 years.Take home message: P2X7R antagonists and other P2X inhibitors will probably be on the market for combating rheumatoid arthritis and other diseases. Some P2X7R antagonists are already in Phase I and II clinical trials.
Abstract B58: Gasdermin E suppresses tumor growth by activating antitumor immunity (2020)

Abstract The gasdermins (GSDM) are a family of homologous pore-forming proteins that cause pyroptosis, an inflammatory death associated with loss of cell membrane integrity and release of inflammatory mediators. Gasdermin E (GSDME, also known as DFNA5) as the most ancient member of the GSDM family has been implicated as a tumor suppressor. GSDME is epigenetically inactivated by promoter DNA methylation in a number of cancers and mutated in some other cancers. Worse 5-year survival and an increase in lymph node metastases are associated with reduced GSDME in breast cancer. During classic apoptosis, caspase-3 activates GSDME by cleaving after Asp270. GSDME activation converts noninflammatory apoptotic death to an inflammatory pyroptotic death. This switch could have a profound effect on the ability of tumor cells to survive intrinsic cellular stresses and extrinsic challenges, such as ER stress, chemotherapy drugs, or immune attack by cytotoxic lymphocytes. Here we show reduced GSDME function of 7 of 8 tested cancer-associated mutations. By manipulating GSDME expression in diverse cancer cell lines, we show that Gsdme knockout in GSDME-expressing tumors enhances, while ectopic expression in Gsdme-repressed tumors inhibits, tumor growth. Our data demonstrate that GSDME tumor-suppressive effect is cell-extrinsic, mediated by cytotoxic lymphocyte killing and abrogated in perforin-deficient mice or mice lacking lymphocytes. Tumor suppression depended on GSDME’s ability to form cell membrane pores that cause inflammatory pyroptosis, since it was completely blocked by mutating the GSDME cleavage site for pore formation. Using different cancer models, we further show that GSDME expression enhances tumor-associated macrophage phagocytosis and the number and functions of tumor-infiltrating NK and CD8+ T lymphocytes. Importantly, we identify that immune killer cells could activate GSDME-mediated pyroptosis independently of caspase activation, when killer cell cytotoxic protease granzyme B directly cleaves and activates GSDME at the same site as caspase-3 (Asp270). Therefore, immune killer cells induce pyroptosis in target GSDME-expressing cancer cells, creating an inflammatory tumor microenvironment that further facilities immune cell tumor infiltration and forms a positive feedback loop. Thus, GSDME suppresses tumor growth by activating antitumor immunity. Citation Format: Zhibin Zhang, Ying Zhang, Shiyu Xia, Qing Kong, Shunying Li, Xing Liu, Caroline Junqueira, James Ansara, Satyaki Sengupta, Yandan Yao, Hao Wu, Judy Lieberman. Gasdermin E suppresses tumor growth by activating antitumor immunity [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy; 2019 Nov 17-20; Boston, MA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Immunol Res 2020;8(3 Suppl):Abstract nr B58.
A compact model for Single Event Effects in PD SOI sub-micron MOSFETs (2011)

This paper presents a compact model implemented in Verilog-A for PD SOI sub-micron MOSFETs, which allows for describing the Single Events Effects (SEE) produced by heavy ions. This Verilog-A module can be coupled with Spice simulator in order to have faster (time-efficient) circuit simulations with good agreement. Due to the physical aspects considered in the model, better flexibility than the standard current source method is achieved. Experimental data for 0.15 and 0.13 μm technology nodes are used to validate our model. Robustness of the model to reproduce experimental results is demonstrated on three datasets available in literature: 1) single event transient current in stand-alone n-FET from 0.13μm PD SOI process hinted by heavy ions at different positions; 2) SEE propagation in path delay with ten inverters realized in 0.13μm PD SOI process; 3) 6T SRAMs with active element delay on SEE-rad-hardened 0.15μm PD SOI process.
Non-Invasive monitoring of diaphragmatic timing by means of surface contact sensors: An experimental study in dogs (2004)

The technique presented in this work provides a non-invasive method to assess the timing of diaphragmatic contraction in canines, using a piezoelectric contact sensor placed on the costal wall.
Structural imaging of the cervical spinal cord with suppressed CSF signal using DANTE pulse trains (2014)

DANTE prepared imaging techniques for moving CSF signal attenuation are promising tools for cervical spinal cord imaging.
Rapid Detection of Avian Influenza A Virus (H7N9) by Lateral Flow Dipstick Recombinase Polymerase Amplification (2018)

Avian influenza A (H7N9) virus has caused several epidemics and infection in both human and poultry. With mutation, the H7N9 virus gained its fifth endemic in China. Early diagnosis is crucial for the control of viral spread in poultry and prognosis of infected patients. In this study, we developed and evaluated a lateral flow dipstick recombinase polymerase amplification (LFD-RPA) assay for rapid detection of both hemagglutinin and neuraminidase gene of H7N9. Our H7-LFD-RPA and N9-LFD-RPA assay were able to detect 32 fg H7N9 nucleic acid which is more convenient and rapid than previous methods. Through detecting 50 influenza positive samples, cross-reaction was not found with other subtypes of influenza virus. The 100% analytical specificity and sufficient analytical sensitivity results agreed the real time RT-PCR assay. The results data demonstrated that our method performed well and could be applied to the detection of H7N9 virus. This LFD-RPA assay provides a candidate method for rapid point-of-care diagnosis of H7N9.
Learning natural coding conventions (2014)

Every programmer has a characteristic style, ranging from preferences about identifier naming to preferences about object relationships and design patterns. Coding conventions define a consistent syntactic style, fostering readability and hence maintainability. When collaborating, programmers strive to obey a project’s coding conventions. However, one third of reviews of changes contain feedback about coding conventions, indicating that programmers do not always follow them and that project members care deeply about adherence. Unfortunately, programmers are often unaware of coding conventions because inferring them requires a global view, one that aggregates the many local decisions programmers make and identifies emergent consensus on style. We present NATURALIZE, a framework that learns the style of a codebase, and suggests revisions to improve stylistic consistency. NATURALIZE builds on recent work in applying statistical natural language processing to source code. We apply NATURALIZE to suggest natural identifier names and formatting conventions. We present four tools focused on ensuring natural code during development and release management, including code review. NATURALIZE achieves 94 % accuracy in its top suggestions for identifier names. We used NATURALIZE to generate 18 patches for 5 open source projects: 14 were accepted.
Discrimination Amongst Various Degrees of Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction in CAD Patients Using Circadian Heart Rate Variability Features (2020)

This study explored how 24-hour Heart Rate Variability (HRV) features differentiate amongst Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) patients with “at risk”, “borderline”, and “normal” Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction (LVEF). Hourly segmentation of heart rate signals was completed by Cosinor Analysis fitting. Time, frequency, and non-linear HRV features were estimated for each hour and averaged across all CAD patients for each group. Statistical analysis to identify differences between the groups was based on one-way ANOVA test, followed by a multiple comparison analysis (Tukey test). The results showed a statistically significant difference between the three groups when using as discriminative features the normalized low frequency (0.04 to 0.15 Hz) HRV (LF-HRV) power and the sample entropy (SE) occurring only between 2:00-3:00, 18:00-19:00, and 19:00-20:00. In addition, the averaged normal-to-normal values show variation during the night time (from 23:00 to 5:00) between the three groups. These results pave the way for further investigation of the interaction of the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems (as reflected in LF - HRV) and the cardiovascular autonomic regulation (as reflected in SE) in LVEF.
New Automated Control System Manages Pressure and Return Flow While Drilling and Cementing Casing in Depleted Onshore Field (2010)

Abstract Development efforts by Shell in South Texas have focused on technology solutions to eliminate the often encountered troubles drilling through significantly depleted sands to get to over pressured reservoirs below. The limits imposed by those conflicting conditions create narrow windows in which the difference between equivalent circulating density (ECD) and static bottom hole pressure (BHP) can be the difference between lost circulation and influx. Liner drilling with statically underbalance (SUB) mud is one solution Shell uses in low permeability reservoirs to eliminate lost circulation in part because it eliminates swab and surge effects and heavy trip margins. But by itself that solution doesn't work everywhere. In the McAllen and Pharr fields the amount by which the risk of losses can be reduced with liner drilling is limited because the sands can be more permeable and more likely to flow with SUB mud. For that reason Shell turned to automated managed pressure drilling (MPD) as a solution to drill more permeable reservoirs with SUB mud without influx. For the past two years Shell has used those complementary solutions in the McAllen-Pharr fields to improve drilling efficiency and reduce costs with mud statically less than pore pressure and constant bottom hole pressure (BHP). Recently, Shell drilled the Bales #7 well in the McAllen Field Wide Unit using a new scaled-down automated MPD system. The lower 700 feet of the 6½ hole was drilled in with 3½ production tubing with 15.7 ppg static mud into a target sand with an expected pore pressure of 15.8 ppg. In that interval the ECD was 16.2 ppg and the fracture gradient was 16.5 ppg which was the narrowest window that Shell has drilled in the McAllen-Pharr area to date. During casing drilling operations there was a steady flow of drill gas that varied between 1100 and 1400 units. Even with the drill gas the MPD system managed the BHP at a 16.2 ppg set point, +/− 0.18 ppg, without the use of an automated back pressure pump. That allowed Shell to avoid losses and the cost of a 5½ contingency liner drilling operation. In addition, and in the first of its kind application, Shell used the system to manage the BHP while cementing the drilled-in production tubing. With its smaller footprint, more efficient automated control, and proven ability to manage constant BHP this new MPD system can provide onshore and offshore operators a solution to improve drilling and cementing operations in mature depleted fields.
Activation of calcineurin by limited proteolysis. (1983)

Calcineurin, a heterodimer of calcineurin B, a 19,000 Mr Ca2+-binding subunit, and calcineurin A, a 61,000 Mr calmodulin-binding subunit, was previously proposed to be a calmodulin- and Ca2+-regulated protein phosphatase. Like other calmodulin-stimulated enzymes, calcineurin can be activated and rendered calmodulin- and Ca2+-independent by limited proteolysis. By glycerol gradient centrifugation, the native enzyme has a s20,w of 4.5 S in EGTA and 5 S in the presence of Ca2+-calmodulin. Under the same conditions, the s20,w of the trypsin-activated enzyme (4.3 S) is not affected by Ca2+ and calmodulin. The trypsin-treated enzyme is a heterodimer of calcineurin B and a 45,000 Mr fragment of calcineurin A that has lost its ability to interact with calmodulin. Phosphatase activity sediments with calcineurin or its proteolytic fragments, providing further evidence that calcineurin is indeed a protein phosphatase. Calmodulin protects calcineurin against tryptic digestion; proteolysis occurs more slowly, yielding fragments with Mr 57,000, 55,000, and 54,000 that have preserved their ability to interact with calmodulin. After trypsin treatment in the presence of calmodulin, the protein phosphatase activity of calcineurin is still regulated by calmodulin. Prolonged trypsin treatment in the presence of calmodulin produces a 46,000 Mr fragment. Unlike the fragments generated in the absence of calmodulin, this 46,000 Mr fragment still interacts weakly with calmodulin. Thus, calcineurin, like other calmodulin-regulated enzymes, consists of a catalytic domain resistant to proteolysis and a calmodulin-binding regulatory domain susceptible to protease action in the absence of calmodulin but not in its presence. In the absence of calmodulin, the regulatory domain exerts an inhibitory effect on the catalytic domain; the inhibition is relieved upon calmodulin binding to or tryptic degradation of the regulatory domain.
Data from Distinct Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha Receptors Dictate Stem Cell Fitness versus Lineage Output in <i>Dnmt3a</i>-Mutant Clonal Hematopoiesis (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;Clonal hematopoiesis resulting from the enhanced fitness of mutant hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) associates with both favorable and unfavorable health outcomes related to the types of mature mutant blood cells produced, but how this lineage output is regulated is unclear. Using a mouse model of a clonal hematopoiesis–associated mutation, &lt;i&gt;DNMT3A&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sup&gt;R882/+&lt;/sup&gt; (&lt;i&gt;Dnmt3a&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sup&gt;R878H/+&lt;/sup&gt;), we found that aging-induced TNFα signaling promoted the selective advantage of mutant HSCs and stimulated the production of mutant B lymphoid cells. The genetic loss of the TNFα receptor TNFR1 ablated the selective advantage of mutant HSCs without altering their lineage output, whereas the loss of TNFR2 resulted in the overproduction of mutant myeloid cells without altering HSC fitness. These results nominate TNFR1 as a target to reduce clonal hematopoiesis and the risk of associated diseases and support a model in which clone size and mature blood lineage production can be independently controlled to modulate favorable and unfavorable clonal hematopoiesis outcomes.&lt;/p&gt;Significance:&lt;p&gt;Through the identification and dissection of TNFα signaling as a key driver of murine &lt;i&gt;Dnmt3a&lt;/i&gt;-mutant hematopoiesis, we report the discovery that clone size and production of specific mature blood cell types can be independently regulated.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;a href="https://aacrjournals.org/cancerdiscovery/article/doi/10.1158/2159-8290.CD-22-1022" target="_blank"&gt;See related commentary by Niño and Pietras, p. 2724&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;a href="https://aacrjournals.org/cancerdiscovery/article/doi/10.1158/2159-8290.CD-12-12-ITI" target="_blank"&gt;This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 2711&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
A Bayesian computational model for online character recognition and disability assessment during cursive eye writing (2013)

This research involves a novel apparatus, in which the user is presented with an illusion inducing visual stimulus. The user perceives illusory movement that can be followed by the eye, so that smooth pursuit eye movements can be sustained in arbitrary directions. Thus, free-flow trajectories of any shape can be traced. In other words, coupled with an eye-tracking device, this apparatus enables &quot;eye writing&quot;, which appears to be an original object of study. We adapt a previous model of reading and writing to this context. We describe a probabilistic model called the Bayesian Action-Perception for Eye On-Line model (BAP-EOL). It encodes probabilistic knowledge about isolated letter trajectories, their size, high-frequency components of the produced trajectory, and pupil diameter. We show how Bayesian inference, in this single model, can be used to solve several tasks, like letter recognition and novelty detection (i.e., recognizing when a presented character is not part of the learned database). We are interested in the potential use of the eye writing apparatus by motor impaired patients: the final task we solve by Bayesian inference is disability assessment (i.e., measuring and tracking the evolution of motor characteristics of produced trajectories). Preliminary experimental results are presented, which illustrate the method, showing the feasibility of character recognition in the context of eye writing. We then show experimentally how a model of the unknown character can be used to detect trajectories that are likely to be new symbols, and how disability assessment can be performed by opportunistically observing characteristics of fine motor control, as letter are being traced. Experimental analyses also help identify specificities of eye writing, as compared to handwriting, and the resulting technical challenges.