gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Nucleotide. XIV. Substituierte β‐Phenyläthyl‐Gruppen. Neue Schutzgruppen für Oligonucleotid‐Synthesen nach dem Phosphorsäuretriester‐Verfahren (1981)

XIV. Substituted β‐Phenyl‐ethyl Groups. New Blocking Groups for Oligonucleotide Syntheses by the Phosphotriester Approach Various o ‐ and p ‐substituted β‐phenylethanols ( 2–10 ) have been synthesized and investigated as blocking groups in the phosphotriester approach. A large number of 5′‐ O ‐tritylated thymidine‐3′‐phosphotriesters ( 13–36 ) with two different phosphate protecting groups have been prepared, characterized, and studied according to their chemical stability and usefullness for oligonucleotide syntheses. The combination of a 5′‐ O ‐monomethoxytrityl‐ and a 3′‐(2,5‐dichlorophenyl, p ‐nitrophenylethyl)‐phosphate function as in 18 turned out to possess optimal properties as a monomeric nucleotide building block due to the fact that these blocking groups can be quantitatively and selectively be removed without harming each other by trifluoroacetic acid in chloroform to 41 , by oximate to 42 , and by DBU to 43 . The base‐catalyzed removal of the monosubstituted phenylethyl groups by DBU or DBN respectively as well as the disubstituted phenylethyl groups by triethylamine in aprotic solvents is a β‐elimination process leading to phosphodiesters without attack on the P‐center.
The incorporation of radiolabelled sulphur from captan into protein and its impact on a DNA binding study (1995)

Repeated administration of high doses of captan is known to produce tumours specifically in the duodenum of mice. Captan is not carcinogenic in the rat. In this study, DNA purified from the liver, stomach, duodenum and jejenum of mice dosed with 35S radiolabelled captan was found to contain radioactivity equivalent to Covalent Binding Indices in the range 38-91; that from the bone marrow had a CBI of 2.8. The distribution of radioactivity between the various tissues did not reflect the target organ specificity of captan. Attempts to further purify the DNA samples using caesium chloride gradients resulted in partial separation of the radioactivity from the DNA suggesting that covalent binding to the DNA may not have occurred. A study of the chemical breakdown of captan showed that captan is unstable, producing a variety of potentially reactive species containing sulphur. Evidence was further obtained to show that the sulphur of captan is incorporated into endogenous amino acids and protein. Hepatic DNA from mice dosed with 35S radiolabelled N-acetylcysteine, and two thiazolidine derivatives which are analogous to known metabolites of captan, was radiolabelled to a similar extent to that from captan treated mice. Furthermore, the DNA from each of these treatments had similar properties on caesium chloride gradients. It was concluded that the radioactivity associated with DNA in the captan DNA binding study was present in the low levels of protein which are always associated with purified DNA samples.
Identification of maintener genes in Brassica napus L. for the male sterility inducing cytoplasm of Diplotaxis muralis. (1987)

International audience
Electromigration enhanced intermetallic growth and void formation in Pb-free solder joints (2006)

A kinetic analysis was formulated for electromigration enhanced intermetallic evolution of a Cu–Sn diffusion couple in the Sn-based Pb-free solder joints with Cu under bump metallurgy. The simulated diffusion couple comprised the two terminal phases, Cu and Sn, as well as the two intermetallic phases, Cu3Sn and Cu6Sn5, formed between them. The diffusion and electromigration parameters were obtained by solving the inverse problem of the electromigration enhanced intermetallic growth, and they were compatible with the literature values. Finite difference method was applied to the whole simulated domain to solve for the mass transport kinetics within the intermetallic phases and across each interface of interest. Simulation showed that, when electromigration effect was absent (zero current), intermetallic growth followed a parabolic law, suggesting a diffusion controlled mechanism for thermal aging. However, under significant current stressing (4×104A∕cm2), the growth of the dominant intermetallic Cu6Sn5 clearly followed a linear law, suggesting a reaction controlled mechanism for electromigration. Simulation results were consistent with the experimental observations. The analysis of vacancy transport was also incorporated with the model, and the results showed substantial increase in vacancy concentration at the Cu6Sn5 phase near the Cu3Sn∕Cu6Sn5 interface. The peaking of the vacancy concentration explains the substantial Kirkendall void formation under electromigration at this region.
Development of the Cantonese Hearing In Noise Test (CHINT) (2005)

The CHINT is the first standardized Cantonese sentence speech intelligibility test. The CHINT was developed using the same rationale as the English HINT, allowing norm reference results from the two tests to be compared directly across languages. Results showed the CHINT is a reliable test. The CHINT would benefit from further evaluation of validity.
Cold field emission from HfC(310) (2008)

Single crystal HfC was evaluated as a cold field emission (T=300K, &amp;lt;1×10−9Torr) electron source for high-resolution scanning electron microscopy∕transmission electron microscopy applications and it is shown to be an excellent candidate for this use. Single crystal HfC was produced and fabricated into a cold field emitter. Angular intensity and reduced brightness were determined from experimental I(V) data. A software program was written to calculate from first principles the full width at half maximum of the emitted electron total energy distribution over a range of geometrical and tunneling parameters, including a component for space charge effects. Experimental energy distribution data are in good agreement with the modeling results. The reduced brightness, energy distribution, and emission stability of HfC are compared with commercially available sources. HfC produced a higher brightness and a lower energy spread than a W cold field source or a ZrO∕W Schottky emitter. HfC maintains its emission level for 1h in moderate UHV condition, which shows a dramatic improvement over the long-term stability of W. This stability combined with a durability that allows for frequent flash cleaning without degradation of the emitter end form makes HfC a highly promising cold field emission source.
Large-eddy simulation of mixing in a recirculating shear flow (2010)

The flow field and mixing in an expansion-ramp geometry is studied using large-eddy simulation (LES) with subgrid scale (SGS) modelling. The expansion-ramp geometry was developed to investigate enhanced mixing and flameholding characteristics while maintaining low total-pressure losses. Passive mixing was considered without taking into account the effects of chemical reactions and heat release, an approximation that is adequate for experiments conducted in parallel. The primary objective of the current work is to validate the LES–SGS closure in the case of passive turbulent mixing in a complex configuration and, if successful, to rely on numerical simulation results for flow details unavailable via experiment. Total (resolved-scale plus subgrid contribution) probability density functions (p.d.f.s) of the mixture fraction are estimated using a presumed beta-distribution model for the subgrid field. Flow and mixing statistics are in good agreement with the experimental measurements, indicating that the mixing on a molecular scale is correctly predicted by the LES–SGS model. Finally, statistics are shown to be resolution-independent by computing the flow for three resolutions, at twice and four times the resolution of the coarsest simulation.
PSME4 determines mesenchymal stem cell fate towards cardiac commitment through YAP1 degradation (2023)

The regeneration of myocardium following acute circulatory events remains a challenge, despite numerous efforts. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) present a promising cell therapy option, but their differentiation into cardiomyocytes is a time-consuming process. Although it has been demonstrated that PSME4 degrades acetyl-YAP1, the role of PSME4 in the cardiac commitment of MSCs has not been fully elucidated. Here we reported the novel role of PSME4 in MSCs cardiac commitment. It was found that overnight treatment with apicidin in primary-cultured mouse MSCs led to rapid cardiac commitment, while MSCs from PSME4 knock-out mice did not undergo this process. Cardiac commitment was also observed using lentivirus-mediated PSME4 knockdown in immortalized human MSCs. Immunofluorescence and Western blot experiments revealed that YAP1 persisted in the nucleus of PSME4 knockdown cells even after apicidin treatment. To investigate the importance of YAP1 removal, MSCs were treated with shYAP1 and apicidin simultaneously. This combined treatment resulted in rapid YAP1 elimination and accelerated cardiac commitment. However, overexpression of acetylation-resistant YAP1 in apicidin-treated MSCs impeded cardiac commitment. In addition to apicidin, the universal effect of histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibition on cardiac commitment was confirmed using tubastatin A and HDAC6 siRNA. Collectively, this study demonstrates that PSME4 is crucial for promoting the cardiac commitment of MSCs. HDAC inhibition acetylates YAP1 and facilitates its translocation to the nucleus, where it is removed by PSME4, promoting cardiac commitment. The failure of YAP1 to translocate or be eliminated from the nucleus results in the MSCs' inability to undergo cardiac commitment.
Discovering and Aligning Discriminative Mid-level Features for Image Classification (2014)

This paper proposes a new algorithm for image recognition, which consists of (i) modeling categories as a set of distinctive parts that are discovered automatically, (ii) aligning them across images while learning their visual model, and, finally (iii) encode images as sets of part descriptors. The so-obtained parts are free of any appearance constraint and are optimized to allow the distinction between the categories to be recognized. The algorithm starts by extracting a set of random regions from the images of different classes, and, using a soft assign-like matching algorithm, simultaneously learns the model of each part and assigns image regions to the model's parts. Once the model of the category is trained, it can be used to classify new images by first finding image's regions similar to learned parts and encoding them by the fisher-on-parts encoding, which is another contribution of this paper. The proposed framework is experimentally validated on two publicly available datasets, on which state-of-the-art performance is obtained.
1st Workshop on Quantum Software Architecture (QSA) (2021)

Quantum computing is becoming real: Several vendors offer quantum computers in the cloud or on premise, companies invest to become familiar with this technology and its potentials, several software companies build corresponding software tools, and many consulting companies offer services to build solutions. However, software to be run on a quantum computer is quite different from software for classical computers. Thus, the current state of the art is that solutions are hand-crafted in an ad-hoc manner.
New interpretation of Iczkowski-Margrave model of chemical potential (2011)

Abstract Not Provided
Applying painterly concepts in a CG film - Bolt (2009)

The leadership of the animated film Bolt set out to bring back the textural warmth found in classic Disney animated movies, something not usually found in CG generated images. CG algorithms characteristically produce hard clean geometric solutions and can also often generate unlimited amounts of detail. We analyzed paintings from masters and also stepped back and thought about how a painter approached a painting here at Disney. We focused on fundamental ideas such as massing, a term in painting which refers to the process of editing detail into bigger shapes, and also edge quality, the use of the painter's brush to vary edges of shapes which can bring emphasis to the image and/or direct the eye. This lead to the development of new algorithms and tools for the film Bolt. It also required a change in the mind set and work flows for the CG artist. We will discuss things such as "raypainting" and painterly "normals" which were part of the toolbox created on Bolt. These concepts mixed with photographic ideas such as exposure and film response lead to the rich and unique look of Bolt.
Selective Cleavage of Isopropyl Aryl Ethers by Aluminum Trichloride† (1998)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVNoteNEXTSelective Cleavage of Isopropyl Aryl Ethers by Aluminum Trichloride†Martin G. Banwell, Bernard L. Flynn, and Scott G. StewartView Author Information Research School of Chemistry, Institute of Advanced Studies, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia Cite this: J. Org. Chem. 1998, 63, 24, 9139–9144Publication Date (Web):November 11, 1998Publication History Received6 May 1998Published online11 November 1998Published inissue 1 November 1998https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo9808526https://doi.org/10.1021/jo9808526brief-reportACS PublicationsCopyright © 1998 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2264Altmetric-Citations68LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Aromatic compounds,Chemical reactions,Crystal cleavage,Ethers,Hydrocarbons Get e-Alerts
Durability Improvements in PBI Membranes (2015)

Phosphoric acid (PA) doped polybenzimidazole membranes made by the PPA process have been the main focus of our research efforts for more than a decade. 1 These membranes exhibit an excellent combination of properties including high proton conductivities, excellent fuel cell performance, and long-term durability. For both fuel cell and hydrogen pump devices, the improvement in membrane mechanical properties at high temperatures could lead to further increases in durability and lifetimes of the membranes and resulting devices. We have been particularly interested in membrane compressive creep properties and have developed test protocols which are being used to understand the compressive creep properties and develop structure-property relationships for PPA processed membranes. In this work, we have investigated PBI copolymer membranes that showed higher mechanical properties (in particular, creep resistance) than homo-para-PBI membranes, and still possessed good proton conductivities at 180˚C under anhydrous conditions. Membrane electrode assemblies were prepared and tested in single cells to demonstrate long-term durability at different current densities and low phosphoric acid leaching rates. We will also discuss recent investigations in terms of hydrogen pumping applications, which may have broad applications in both emerging energy applications and current industrial gas markets. 1. L. Xiao; H. Zhang; E. Scanlon; L.S.Ramanathan; E.-W. Choe; D. Rogers; T. Apple; B.C. Benicewicz. Chem. Materials , 2005 , 17 , 5328-5333.
IP Packet Delay Variation Metric for IP Performance Metrics (IPPM) (2002)

This document refers to a metric for variation in delay of packets across Internet paths. The metric is based on the difference in the One-Way-Delay of selected packets. This difference in delay is called IP Packet Delay Variation (ipdv).
Interpretations of Voltammetry in the Striatum Based on Chromatography of Striatal Dialysate (1983)

Abstract A comparison is made of chronoamperometric data recorded from the striatum and chromatographic data obtained from extracellular striatal perfusate. Three specific cases are considered: the initial sampling period in which a decline in the observed oxidation current occurs; the effect of haloperidol, a dopamine receptor blocker; and the effect of amphetamine. The perfusate is analyzed for ascorbic acid (AA), the dopamine metabolites dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) and homovanillic acid (HVA), and the serotonin metabolite 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA). Using the relative response of these compounds at a carbon epoxy or carbon paste electrode, and the relative concentration of each in the extracellular fluid, the expected changes in oxidation currents for the three cases mentioned above are calculated. It is shown that the decline in oxidation current during the initial sampling period is due primarily to a decrease in ascorbic acid. It is also shown that different electroactive components of the extracellular fluid are the cause of changing oxidation currents under different stimulus conditions.
Evidence of Airborne Transmission of the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Virus (2004)

Airborne spread of the virus appears to explain this large community outbreak of SARS, and future efforts at prevention and control must take into consideration the potential for airborne spread of this virus.
SFLA with PSO Local Search for detection sonar image (2016)

To obtain accurate detection results, SFLA (Shuffled Frog Leaping Algorithm, SFLA) with PSO (Particle Swarm Optimization, PSO) local search is proposed to detect sonar image in this paper. K-means block clustering and clustering validity index SBWP (Simple Between-Within Proportion, SBWP) are integrated to determine the optimal clustering number of sonar image. And the encoding method based on cluster center is used to complete the initialization of the population. On this basis, in order to make full use of search experience in the past and information of related individuals, the updating method of PSO is introduced into local search of SFLA. At the same time, the individuals of sub-population all participate in the local search, not only the worst frog. Through the comparative analysis of the detection results, it can demonstrate that the proposed detection method can more accurately complete underwater object detection, relative to the traditional SFLA. Meanwhile, the proposed detection method has relatively high effectiveness and adaptability.
Biodistribution, dosimetry and imaging of 225Ac-DOTA-anti-PD-L1-BC in a murine immunocompetent transgenic breast cancer model (2017)

The recent development of immunomodulatory agents have brought immunotherapy up as a possible treatment against various types of cancers. This treatment approach is based on tumors avoiding immune system recognition by co-opting immune checkpoints intended to prevent autoimmunity. One of the immune checkpoint mediators is the Programmed Cell Death protein 1 (PD-1) receptor. PD-1 interacts with Programmed cell Death Ligand 1 (PD-L1). PD-L1 is expressed on a variety of tumor cells, tumor associated macrophages and other cells in the tumor microenvironment. Clinical trials of anti-PD-L1 antibodies have yielded promising results in patient populations, which have exhausted all other conventional therapeutic options. In addition a number of studies have shown the potential of combined immune checkpoint inhibition therapy and external beam radiotherapy. In this study we examine the feasibility of a 225Ac-labeled anti-PD-L1 antibody to deliver an alpha-particle emitting radionuclide in a murine immunocompetent transgenic breast cancer model.
Cutting Corners: Quick Square Roots and Trig Functions (1993)

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Enhancement of Carboplatin-Mediated Lung Cancer Cell Killing by Simultaneous Disruption of Glutathione and Thioredoxin Metabolism (2011)

These results show in vitro and in vivo that simultaneous inhibition of GSH and Trx metabolism can effectively inhibit lung cancer cell growth and induce chemosensitization by a mechanism that involves thiol-mediated oxidative stress.
Visualizing World-Wide Web search engine results (2003)

Most of the popular WWW search engines show the documents that match the users' queries as pages of scrolled lists. If lots of information is retrieved, this is not very user friendly. Moreover, there is no mechanism to easily determine documents linked to the retrieved documents or keywords related to the query terms. The paper presents a system that allows the user to visualize various related information for the search results. We also introduce a focus+context visualization technique for the search space of WWW queries.
Histopathologic classification of small cell carcinoma of the lung. Comments based on an interobserver examination (1982)

In order to evaluate the consistency in diagnosing the morphologic subtypes of small cell carcinoma of the lung (SCCL), 93 microscopic slides were blindly classified by three panelists according to the World Health Organization's (WHO) Lung Tumor Classifications of 1967 and 1981. Unanimity in the diagnosis of SCCL as the main cell type was obtained in 91 and 94% respectively. With regard to the diagnosis of the various morphologic subtypes unanimity among the three panelists was achieved in 38% according to the WHO 1967 classification and in 54% using the 1981 classification. It is concluded that the criteria used for SCCL as a distinct histopathologic entity were reproducible among the different panelists. However, different criteria were applied in the diagnosis of the morphologic subtypes of SCCL. This fact could explain the contradictory results of clinical studies reported in the literature concerning subtyping of SCCL.
Biomass assessment in commercial catfish ponds (2005)

With increasing seafood demand aquaculture is poised to become a major growth industry in the United States in the 21st century. In particular channel catfish represent an approximately $260 million industry in Mississippi with strong growth potential. A major portion of the costs associated with raising channel catfish are related to the cost of feed and aeration which are directly related to the total number of fish being raised in each pond. Crop insurance and bank loans are also contingent upon accurate population estimates. A high frequency, horizontally scanning, active pulse echo sonar system, the Aquascanner, has been developed to estimate pond populations. Commercial catfish ponds are typically 2 to 10 acres and, unlike many offshore fisheries, have fairly shallow depths of 1 to 2 m. The system components and its use will be presented along with results from field tests. [Work supported by US Dept. of Agriculture.]
Nonlinear analysis of pretwisted rods using 'principal curvature transformation'. II - Numerical results (1987)

This, the second part of a two-part paper, makes use of the method developed in the first part to investigate the nonlinear behavior of rods. A first example illustrates the complexity of the nonlinear relative to the linear case. A second example examines such aspects as convergence of the iterative solution, the number of generalized coordinates needed, and four different levels of nonlinearity. A comparison of the results calculated using the theory for the second example with existing experimental results shows good agreement. A third example deals with the resulting moment distribution along the rod. Three methods for calculating the components of this resultant moment are presented, compared, and discussed. The fourth example involves the nonlinear behavior of a pretwisted rod.