gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Between-Ride Routing for Private Transportation Services (2019)

Spurred by the growth of transportation network companies and increasing data capabilities, vehicle routing and ride-matching algorithms can improve the efficiency of private transportation services. However, existing routing solutions do not address where drivers should travel after dropping off a passenger and before receiving the next passenger ride request, i.e., during the between-ride period. We address this problem by developing an efficient algorithm to find the optimal policy for drivers between rides in order to maximize driver profits. We model the road network as a graph, and we show that the between-ride routing problem is equivalent to a stochastic shortest path problem, an infinite dynamic program with no discounting. We prove under reasonable assumptions that an optimal routing policy exists that avoids cycles; policies of this type can be efficiently found. We present an iterative approach to find an optimal routing policy. Our approach can account for various factors, including the frequency of passenger ride requests at different locations, traffic conditions, and surge pricing. We demonstrate the effectiveness of the approach by implementing it on road network data from Boston and New York City.
Rate compatible punctured turbo code scheme over optical wireless channel (2004)

Atmospheric optical wireless channel is a time-varying optical channel because of the effect of scintillation, the paper introduces rate compatible punctured turbo code (RCPTC) scheme to provide unequal error protection (UEP) for optical wireless communication. In order to use RCPTC over optical wireless channel, the paper firstly proposed a turbo decoder with iterative optical channel estimation for optical wireless channel. Simulations show that the proposed turbo decoder significantly improves the performance of the system. Based on the proposed turbo decoder, the paper compares several RCPTC schemes via simulations. In these RCPTC schemes, the non-uniformly punctured code schemes are compared with uniformly punctured code scheme. Moreover, the systematic and non-systematic puncturing schemes are both discussed.
The Ocular Fundus in Neurologic Disease: A Diagnostic Manual and Stereo Atlas. (1966)

This atlas contains a superb text on the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of fundus lesions as related to neurological diseases. It is brief, apt, and unencumbered by irrelevant case material and tedious detail as is the usual atlas. It could only have been written by someone who has a wide and practical experience in the field and is accustomed to teaching the subject. The material will probably be easily retained by the reader since it is well-organized with the most important facts placed first and properly emphasized. The book is divided into five sections: papilledema, anomalies of the disc confused with papilledema, local and systemic causes of disc swelling, pallor of the optic disc, and combined disorders of the retina and brain. Certain statements are worth repeating and posting in bold letters in prominent places in the neurologic and ophthalmic examining rooms. To give one example, "No judgement of pallor
Preparation and functional evaluation of cell aggregates incorporating gelatin microspheres with different degradabilities (2012)

The objective of this study was to investigate the viability and biological functions of cells in their aggregates incorporating gelatin microspheres with different degradabilities. After being prepared by a water-in-oil emulsion procedure, the gelatin microspheres were dehydrothermally crosslinked at 140°C for various time periods. In vitro degradation tests showed that the gelatin microspheres were slowly degraded slowly with an increase in the crosslinking time. When MC3T3-E1 cells were cultured with the gelatin hydrogel microspheres in the round U-bottom wells of 96-well microplates which had been coated with poly(vinyl alcohol), cell aggregates with homogeneously distributed gelatin microspheres were formed. A large amount of slowly degraded gelatin microspheres remained in the cell aggregates for long time periods, while a higher proliferation of MC3T3-E1 cells was observed. When evaluated as a measure of aerobic glycolysis, the ratio of l-lactic acid production:glucose consumption of MC3T3-E1 cells was lower for MC3T3-E1 cells in the cell aggregates incorporating slowly degraded gelatin microspheres than for aggregates incorporating rapidly degraded ones. The alkaline phosphatase activity and calcium content of MC3T3-E1 cells were higher for cell aggregates incorporating slowly degraded gelatin microspheres. It is possible that the incorporation of gelatin hydrogel microspheres with slow degradability enabled the permeation of oxygen and nutrients into the cell aggregates for longer time periods, resulting in better culture conditions for the survival, proliferation and differentiation of the cells.
Integrated Motional Measurement for a Flexible Structure (2006)

Abstract Integrated navigation systems based on gyros and accelerometers are well established devices for vehicle guidance. The system design is traditionally based on the assumption that the vehicle is a rigid body. However, generalizing such integrated systems to flexible structures is possible. The example of the motion of a simple beam being considered here is meant to be a first approach to obtain sophisticated motional measurements of a wing of a large airplane during flight. The principle of integrated navigation systems consists of combining different measuring methods by using their specific advantages. Gyros and accelerometers are used to obtain reliable signals within a short period of time. On the other hand, aiding sensors like radar units and strain gauges are used because of their long‐term accuracy. The kernel of the integrated system consists, however, of an extended Kalman filter that estimates the motion state of the structure. Besides the sensor signals, the basis for the filter is an additional kinematical model of the structure. By means of a model reduction, a kinematical model of the beam was developed. Based on simulation the paper presents this approach, the appropriate sensor set, and first estimated motion results. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH &amp; Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
[The prune belly syndrome]. (1989)

The etiology and pathogenesis of PBS are still quite vague, despite very intensive investigations performed in that field. Numerous data can be found in the literature that contribute to the knowledge of PBS and to the explanation of this condition. Taking into consideration the data available (case descriptions, embryology, experimental embryology, genetics), PBS is meant to occur due to the disturbance of inductive interaction of tissues which leads to a deficient cell differentiation and to the disturbances of the primary field, resulting in multiple malformations which developmentally belong to the primary field in question. The causes inducing deficient tissue differentiation and the impediments disturbing inductive interaction are numerous and various. According to data in the literature, disturbances responsible for the occurrence of PBS can be induced by chemical agents (exposition to Tigan and Bendectin), mechanical agents (intrauterine edema), gene disturbances (described occurrence of PBS in a Nigerian family), and cases of PBS associated with chromosomal anomalies. The condition similar to PBS has been induced experimentally in animals by gene mutation (Danforth's short-tailed rats). If it is accepted that PBS is in a certain number of cases hereditary, it can be presumed that, according to the Nigerian authors, X related recessive transfer is involved here. As males suffering from PBS are sterile, they cannot transfer pathological genes, that is to say the disease itself. The only theoretical possibility for a female child whose karyotype is 46, XX, to be affected by PBS, would be when it inherits one affected X chromosome from its mother, while the second X chromosome has a mutation de novo. This could be an explanation for an extremely rare occurrence of PBS in female persons. The other explanation, according to McKusick, is that PBS can be also autosomally dominantly inherited (de novo mutation). The incidence of PBS in the female population is probably somewhat increased by "non-genic" etiological factors (chemical and mechanical agents). It is very difficult to say how strong is the influence of a certain factor on the occurrence of PBS. Therefore, it could be concluded that the etiology of PBS is heterogeneous, chromosomal, genic, and multifactorial, but regardless of the factor, it is always the primary field that is affected (in this case the ability of inductive interaction of the mesenchyme) leading to all other disturbances. Everything mentioned so far indicates that according to valid criteria, PBS can be regarded as a malformation, that is, a primary developmental disturbance.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
HybridPose: 6D Object Pose Estimation under Hybrid Representations (2020)

We introduce HybridPose, a novel 6D object pose estimation approach. HybridPose utilizes a hybrid intermediate representation to express different geometric information in the input image, including keypoints, edge vectors, and symmetry correspondences. Compared to a unitary representation, our hybrid representation allows pose regression to exploit more and diverse features when one type of predicted representation is inaccurate (e.g., because of occlusion). Different intermediate representations used by HybridPose can all be predicted by the same simple neural network, and outliers in predicted intermediate representations are filtered by a robust regression module. Compared to state-of-the-art pose estimation approaches, HybridPose is comparable in running time and accuracy. For example, on Occlusion Linemod dataset, our method achieves a prediction speed of 30 fps with a mean ADD(-S) accuracy of 47.5%, representing a state-of-the-art performance. The implementation of HybridPose is available at https://github.com/chensong1995/HybridPose.
Control logic generation for machining systems using Petri net formalism (2002)

The logic controller for a machining system is a discrete event supervisory system. In high volume transfer lines, it consists of three control modes: auto, hand, and manual. A logic controller can achieve the goal of a machining system by its control logic. The paper addresses a formal Petri net representation of the control logic and its implementation. The control logic is represented by two Petri net models: one for the mode decision control logic and the other for the sequence control logic. Because the Petri net models are live, safe, and reversible, the actual logic control program can be generated directly from the Petri net models by using IEC1131-3 programming languages.
Development of an evidence-based clinical pathway for patients undergoing pancreaticoduodenectomy. (2014)

130 Background: Pancreas cancer is the 4th cause of cancer death. Surgical resection is the optimal treatment. But pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) is complex with high perioperative morbidity. Complications following PD have a negative effect on quality of life and survival. Clinical pathways (CPW) are quality improvement (QI) tools that standardize the processes of care. Our aim was to develop and implement an evidence-based CPW for PD in the province of Ontario, Canada. Methods: A CPW following PD was developed using the Knowledge-to-Action framework. All 9 high volume Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary (HPB) centers in Ontario were invited to participate in a needs assessments workshop to promote awareness and early agreement for a CPW. Enthusiasm for a CPW was confirmed. End user input was incorporated into a multidisciplinary CPW. Barriers and enablers to implementation were assessed. Evidentiary support for CPW elements was integrated into the final product. An active implementation strategy that addressed key barriers was developed to promote CPW adoption and adherence. Pilot testing was undertaken. CPW uptake, compliance, and impact on clinical outcomes were evaluated. Pilot results were used to design the final CPW product and implementation strategy. Results: The needs assessment confirmed variability of perioperative processes at all sites. Participants expressed interest for a CPW and consensus was obtained on essential CPW components. During a 15 month pilot phase, 83/122 (68%) of eligible patients were initiated on CPW. Subjects able to achieve the goals of the CPW had a shorter length of stay (7 vs 11 days), lower in-hospital complications (9, 22% vs 19, 45%) and readmission (6, 15% vs 11, 26%) compared to those who were unable to achieve CPW targets. The majority of CPW users reported that the CPW was easy to use (26, 93%) and did not adversely affect workload (20, 71%). Pilot data were used to finalize the strategy used to implement the CPW at all Ontario HPB centers. Conclusions: We report that introduction of a standardized CPW for complex cancer surgery is possible with early engagement of stakeholders. Initial results suggest that this standardized approach is safe and positively impact quality of surgical care.
Self-Sustaining Smouldering Combustion as a Novel Disposal Destruction Method for Waste Water Biosolids (2015)

Managing biosolids, the major by-product from wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), persists as a major global challenge that often constitutes the majority of WWTP operating costs. Self-sustained smouldering is a new approach for organic waste treatment, in which the waste (i.e., the fuel) is destroyed in an energy efficient manner after mixing it with sand. Smouldering has never been applied to biosolids. Column experiments, using biosolids obtained from a WWTP, were employed to identify if - and under what conditions - smouldering could be used for treating biosolids. The parameter space in which smouldering was self-sustaining was mapped as a function of key system metrics: (1) sand/biosolids mass fraction, (2) biosolids moisture content, and (3) forced air flux. It was found that a self-sustaining reaction is achievable using biosolids with water content as high as 80% (with a biosolids lower heating value greater than 1.6 MJ/kg). Moreover, results suggest that operator-controlled air flux can assist in keeping the reaction self-sustaining in response to fluctuations in biosolids properties. An economic analysis suggests that smouldering could be a cost-effective management approach for WWTP biosolids in a number of scenarios by providing on site destruction with minimal energy input and limited preliminary dewatering.
Radio Access Technologies for Fifth Generation Mobile Communications System: Review of Recent Research and Developments in Japan (2016)

As the demand for higher transmission rates and spectral efficiency is steadily increasing, the research and development of novel mobile communication systems has gained momentum. This paper focuses on providing a comprehensive survey of research and development activities on fifth generation mobile communication systems in Japan. We try to survey a vast area of wireless communication systems and the developments that led to future 5G systems.
Uncontrolled Generation of Traciton Motors in Hybrid Electric Vehicles (2011)

Interior permanent magnet synchronous motor (IPMSM) systems are vulnerable to uncontrolled generation (UCG) when the inverter switches loss their drive signals suddenly during flied weakening high speed operation. At this point, uncontrolled rectifier is composed by freewheel diodes in the inverter, the current comes from the motor through the rectifier, and then charges the battery. This paper develops a simple analytical model of this system firstly, and then carries out the simulation of UCG transient process to investigate the impact of the motor speed, battery capacity and other factors on UCG and feedback-power obtained throughout the process. Moreover, circuit improvement is presented in order to avoid destruction risk of the battery, motor, inverter and other relevant components during UCG.
Laser-enhanced ionization spectrometry (1982)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTLaser-enhanced ionization spectrometryJ. C. Travis, G. C. Turk, and R. G. GreenCite this: Anal. Chem. 1982, 54, 9, 1006A–1018APublication Date (Print):August 1, 1982Publication History Published online21 September 2008Published inissue 1 August 1982https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac00246a001https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00246a001research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views117Altmetric-Citations72LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Screening and verification of miRNAs differentially expressed in traumatic femoral head necrosis (2017)

Objective
To identify the plasma miRNAs which are differentially expressed in the patients with traumatic avascular necrosis of the femoral head by means of high-throughput screening so as to provide data for further research into the pathogenesis of traumatic avascular necrosis of the femoral head.


Methods
We selected 10 patients with femoral neck fracture who had been treated from January to April 2015 for traumatic avascular necrosis of the femoral head following manual reduction and internal fixation with percutaneous hollow screws (necrosis group) and another contemporary age-matched 10 patients with femoral neck fracture who had been treated in the similar way but did not develop traumatic avascular necrosis of the femoral head for over 2 years (control group). After the peripheral blood was obtained from the 20 patients, Axon GenePix 4000B chip scanner was used for peripheral blood chip screening to identify the miRNAs which were differentially expressed. QPCR technique was used to verify the top 5 miRNAs which were significantly up-regulated and the top 5 miRNAs which were significantly down-regulated.


Results
The Harris score for the necrosis group was significantly lower than that for the control group while the Visual Analog Scale score for the former significantly higher than that for the latter (P 0.05). In comparison of the 2 groups, the chip screening identified 95 miRNAs which were significantly up-regulated and 413 miRNAs which were sig-nificantly down-regulated. The ＂volcano＂ analysis screened out 147 miRNAs differentially expressed of which 35 were up-regulated genes and 112 down-regulated genes. Of the 10 genes selected, 8 were found in line with the results of microarray screening: hsa-miR-93-5p, hsa-let-7i-5p, hsa-miR-320a, hsa-miR-25-3p, hsa-miR-16-2-3p, hsa-miR-122-5p, hsa-miR-4711-3p and hsa-miR-3191-5p.


Conclusion
This study indentified 8 differentially expressed miRNAs associated with traumatic osteonecrosis of the femoral head, providing data for further study.


Key words: 
Femur head necrosis; Femoral neck fractures; miRNA; Gene chip
BCI to Potentially Enhance Streaming Images to a VR Headset by Predicting Head Rotation (2018)

While numerous studies show that brain signals contain information about an individual's current state that are potentially valuable for smoothing man-machine interfaces, this has not yet lead to the use of brain computer interfaces (BCI) in daily life. One of the main challenges is the common requirement of personal data that is correctly labeled concerning the state of interest in order to train a model, where this trained model is not guaranteed to generalize across time and context. Another challenge is the requirement to wear electrodes on the head. We here propose a BCI that can tackle these issues and may be a promising case for BCI research and application in everyday life. The BCI uses EEG signals to predict head rotation in order to improve images presented in a virtual reality (VR) headset. When presenting a 360° video to a headset, field-of-view approaches only stream the content that is in the current field of view and leave out the rest. When the user rotates the head, other content parts need to be made available soon enough to go unnoticed by the user, which is problematic given the available bandwidth. By predicting head rotation, the content parts adjacent to the currently viewed part could be retrieved in time for display when the rotation actually takes place. We here studied whether head rotations can be predicted on the basis of EEG sensor data and if so, whether application of such predictions could be applied to improve display of streaming images. Eleven participants generated left- and rightward head rotations while head movements were recorded using the headsets motion sensing system and EEG. We trained neural network models to distinguish EEG epochs preceding rightward, leftward, and no rotation. Applying these models to streaming EEG data that was withheld from the training showed that 400 ms before rotation onset, the probability "no rotation" started to decrease and the probabilities of an upcoming right- or leftward rotation started to diverge in the correct direction. In the proposed BCI scenario, users already wear a device on their head allowing for integrated EEG sensors. Moreover, it is possible to acquire accurately labeled training data on the fly, and continuously monitor and improve the model's performance. The BCI can be harnessed if it will improve imagery and therewith enhance immersive experience.
AttaNet: Attention-Augmented Network for Fast and Accurate Scene Parsing (2021)

Two factors have proven to be very important to the performance of semantic segmentation models: global context and multi-level semantics. However, generating features that capture both factors always leads to high computational complexity, which is problematic in real-time scenarios. In this paper, we propose a new model, called Attention-Augmented Network (AttaNet), to capture both global context and multilevel semantics while keeping the efficiency high. AttaNet consists of two primary modules: Strip Attention Module (SAM) and Attention Fusion Module (AFM). Viewing that in challenging images with low segmentation accuracy, there are a significantly larger amount of vertical strip areas than horizontal ones, SAM utilizes a striping operation to reduce the complexity of encoding global context in the vertical direction drastically while keeping most of contextual information, compared to the non-local approaches. Moreover, AFM follows a cross-level aggregation strategy to limit the computation, and adopts an attention strategy to weight the importance of different levels of features at each pixel when fusing them, obtaining an efficient multi-level representation. We have conducted extensive experiments on two semantic segmentation benchmarks, and our network achieves different levels of speed/accuracy trade-offs on Cityscapes, e.g., 71 FPS/79.9% mIoU, 130 FPS/78.5% mIoU, and 180 FPS/70.1% mIoU, and leading performance on ADE20K as well.