gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The hypoxic microenvironment: A determinant of cancer stem cell evolution (2015)

Tumors are often viewed as unique entities with specific behaviors. However, tumors are a mixture of differentially evolved subpopulations of cells in constant Darwinian evolution, selecting the fittest clone and allowing it to outgrow the rest. As in the natural environment, the niche defines the properties the fittest clones must possess. Therefore, there can be multiple fit clones because of the various microenvironments inside a single tumor. Hypoxia is considered to be a major feature of the tumor microenvironment and is a potential contributor to the cancer stem cell (CSC) phenotype and its enhanced tumorigenicity. The acidic microenvironment around hypoxic cells is accompanied by the activation of a subset of proteases that contribute to metastasis. Because of aberrant angiogenesis and the inaccessibility of their locations, hypoxic cells are less likely to accumulate therapeutic concentrations of chemotherapeutics that can lead to therapeutic resistance. Therefore, the targeting of the hypoxic CSC niche in combination with chemotherapy may provide a promising strategy for eradicating CSCs. In this review, we examine the cancer stem cell hypothesis and its relationship to the microenvironment, specifically to hypoxia and the subsequent metabolic switch and how they shape tumor behavior.
Medication Errors (2019)

In Brief Peel-off label conceals key information on a vial of rocuronium...don't confuse migalastat and miglustat
Compression of ECG as a Signal with Finite Rate of Innovation (2005)

Compression of ECG (electrocardiogram) as a signal with finite rate of innovation (FRI) is proposed in this paper. By modelling the ECG signal as the sum of bandlimited and nonuniform linear spline which contains finite rate of innovation (FRI), sampling theory is applied to achieve effective compression and reconstruction of ECG signal. The simulation results show that the performance of the algorithm is quite satisfactory in preserving the diagnostic information as compared to the classical sampling scheme which uses the sinc interpolation.
A Framework for Ergonomics Design of Transport Category Airplane Cockpit (2014)

The ergonomics design of transport category airplane cockpit is of great importance to the efficiency of flight crew operation and has a major impact on the flight safety. In this work, the ergonomics design elements in the cockpit are analyzed. The elements are collected from airworthiness regulations, industry standards, features of new generation airplane cockpit and the interaction process analysis results. Using hierarchical cluster approach, the ergonomics design elements are clustered, and the ergonomics design elements for transport category airplane cockpit are determined. The cockpit design process is presented on the basis of axiomatic design theory and a framework for ergonomics design of transport category airplane cockpit.
Rhodium carbonyl complexes containing pyridine; crystal structure of an unusual octahedral rhodium(I) complex [Rh2(μ-CO)3Cl2(py)4] (1998)

The products resulting from the progressive addition of pyridine (py) to a solution of [Rh2(µ-Cl)2(CO)4] 1 have been found to depend both upon the solvent and the atmosphere (CO or N2). In CH2Cl2 under N2, cis-[Rh(CO)2Cl(py)] 2, [Rh(CO)2Cl(py)2] 3 and [Rh2(µ-CO)3Cl2(py)4] 4 were obtained successively; under CO, 4 was converted into 3 and under N2 disproportionation of 4 slowly occurred to give 3 and trans-[Rh(CO)Cl(py)2] 5 which reacted with CO to give 3. In more polar solvents (thf or MeOH), 1 reacted under N2 to give the lightly solvent-stabilised complex [Rh(CO)2Cl(solv)] 6 (solv = thf a or MeOH b) and, in the presence of AgClO4, cis-[Rh(CO)2(solv)2]+ 7 (solv = thf a or MeOH b); additionally, when solv = MeOH there was spectroscopic evidence for the formation of [Rh2(µ-CO)x(MeOH)y]2+ 8 (x = 2, y = 4 or x = 3, y = 6) which reacted with CO to give [Rh(CO)2(MeOH)2]+. Complex 7 reacted with py to give successively cis-[Rh(CO)2(py)2]+ 9 and [Rh(CO)(py)3]+ 10; under CO 10 was converted into 9. The stereochemistry of all the above complexes has been established through a combination of IR and multinuclear (13C, 15N, 103Rh) NMR measurements and X-ray crystallography for 2 and 4. Analogous reactions have been carried out using trans-[Rh2(µ-Cl)2(CO)2(CxHy)2] 11 (CxHy = C2H4 a or C8H14 b) under a nitrogen atmosphere and spectroscopic measurements on the reaction of 11a with pyridine were consistent with the successive formation of [Rh2(µ-Cl)2(CO)2(C2H4)2(py)2] 12, which lost ethylene and rearranged to give [Rh2(µ-CO)2Cl2(py)2] 13. Reaction of 11b with pyridine gave immediately trans-[Rh2(µ-Cl)2(CO)2(py)2] 14 and both 13 and 14 further reacted with pyridine to give 5.
Two classes of slowly adapting mechanoreceptor fibres in reptile cutaneous nerve (1971)

1. The myelinated fibre spectrum of the plantar nerve of reptile consists of a unimodal distribution corresponding approximately to the delta elevation in mammalian nerve and contains a variety of receptor categories similar to those of mammals except for the obvious absence of structures related to hairs.2. The various receptor types of reptilian skin do not fall into discrete groups on the basis of conduction velocity.3. Only a few thermoreceptor fibres were identified but a large proportion of slowly adapting mechanoreceptors responded to rapid temperature transients.4. Two distinct categories of slowly adapting receptors whose discharge is related to the amplitude of skin displacement have been identified and studied in detail. These two receptors can be distinguished by their patterns of discharge, and display several distinctive features including differences in resting discharge, receptive field size, threshold, response to DC polarization, etc.5. The mathematical functions describing the response to stimuli of varying magnitude for one receptor type is markedly affected by the sequence of stimulus presentation.
Galaptin-mediated adhesion of human ovarian carcinoma A121 cells and detection of cellular galaptin-binding glycoproteins. (1993)

Previously, we have shown that galaptin, an endogenous beta-galactoside-binding lectin, is present in extracellular matrix where it may participate in the adhesion of A121 human ovarian carcinoma cells to extracellular matrix via interaction with specific cell surface carbohydrate receptors. We now report that A121 cells adhere to polystyrene plates coated with polymerized human splenic galaptin. The carbohydrate-mediated specificity of this adhesive interaction was demonstrated by inhibition with lactose. Additionally, treatment of A121 cells with neuraminidase increased cellular adherence by 30%, while beta-galactosidase treatment of cells decreased adherence by 65%. These findings prompted us to isolate and identify the cell surface galaptin receptor. In a Western blot of A121 cell extracts separated by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, 125I-labeled polymerized galaptin bound [corrected] to a unique cellular protein having a molecular mass of 110 kDa. This receptor was enriched by affinity chromatography using polymerized galaptin-Sepharose. Treatment of this material with N-glycanase ablated its galaptin-binding activity. In related studies, A121 cells metabolically labeled with [3H]glucosamine demonstrated a radiolabeled polymerized galaptin-binding protein with an identical molecular mass of 110 kDa. These studies confirmed the glycoprotein nature of this putative endogenous cellular galaptin receptor. Further studies with antibodies directed against two lysosomal associated membrane proteins, lamp-1 and lamp-2, demonstrated specific reactivity in Western blots with the 110-kDa glycoprotein. Additionally, 125I-polymerized galaptin recognized a 110-kDa protein in Western blots of material immunoprecipitated from A121 cell lysates by lamp-1 and lamp-2 antibodies. Finally, indirect immunofluorescence using antibodies directed against lamps detected cell surface antigenicity. Therefore, lamp-1 and/or lamp-2 appear to be the putative cell surface receptors involved in the adhesion of ovarian carcinoma cells to extracellular matrix mediated by galaptin.
A Channel Switching Scheme for Avoiding Interference of between IEEE 802.15.4 and Other Networks (2008)

The key features of low-rate wireless personal area networks (LR-WPAN) are low data rate, low cost, and low power consumption. The LR-WPAN is very useful in many applications such as detection, remote control, tracking and monitoring. But, there are many different networks (WLAN, Bluetooth, HR-WPAN, LR-WPAN ) in the same unlicensed 2.4 GHz ISM band. So, much interference happens. In this paper, we propose a cognitive radio based channel switching mechanism for avoiding interference of between IEEE802.15.4 and other networks.
Understanding immunogenicity assessments for meningococcal serogroup B vaccines (2020)

Invasive meningococcal disease (IMD) is a potentially devastating infection associated with high mortality and long-term sequelae; however, vaccines are available to protect against the five common disease-causing serogroups (A, B, C, W, and Y). Because traditional field efficacy clinical trials were not feasible due to low IMD incidence that necessitates a very large number of participants, serum bactericidal antibody (SBA) assays using rabbit (rSBA) or human (hSBA) complement were established as <i>in vitro</i> surrogates of meningococcal vaccine efficacy and are now routinely used to support vaccine licensure. Specifically, rSBA assays have been used to evaluate responses to meningococcal capsular polysaccharide-protein conjugate vaccines against serogroups A, C, W, and Y; the accepted correlate of protection for rSBA assays is a titer ≥1:8. Importantly, because the bacterial capsular polysaccharide antigen is conserved across strains, only one test strain that expresses an invariant polysaccharide capsule for each serogroup is required to assess coverage. rSBA assays are unsuitable for subcapsular protein-based serogroup B (MenB) vaccines, and therefore, hSBA assays have been used for licensure; titers ≥1:4 are considered the correlate of protection against IMD for hSBA. In contrast to MenACWY vaccines, because bacterial surface proteins are antigenically variable, MenB vaccines must be tested with hSBA assays using multiple test strains that represent the antigenic diversity of disease-causing isolates. As this complexity regarding SBA assessment methods can make data interpretation difficult, herein we describe the use of hSBA assays to evaluate MenB vaccine efficacy and to support licensure. In addition, we highlight how the two recently approved MenB vaccines differ in their use of hSBA assays in clinical studies to demonstrate broad protection against MenB IMD.
Involvement of imidazoline receptors in the baroreflex effects of rilmenidine in conscious rabbits (2001)

These findings suggest that in conscious rabbits, both imidazoline receptors and alpha2-adrenoceptors are involved in the central antihypertensive and baroreflex actions of rilmenidine, but that activation of imidazoline receptors is more important for its renal sympathoinhibitory action.
Sulfated zirconia: an efficient solid acid catalyst for esterification of myristic acid with short chain alcohols (2012)

Sulfated zirconia (SZ) catalysts prepared by a two-step sol–gel method and calcined at 600–700 °C were evaluated for esterification of myristic acid with methanol using varied acid to alcohol ratio, reaction temperature and catalyst concentration. An exceptionally small concentration of SZ catalysts (0.125–0.5 wt% to acid) exhibited 98–100% conversion of myristic acid with methanol at 60 °C after 5 h. The conversion was decreased with an increase in the alkyl chain of alcohol from methanol to butanol, however, similar conversion was achieved by increasing the reaction temperature to 90 °C. The ester formation was selective, irrespective of alcohol and other reaction variables. The calcination temperature has strong influence on the structural, textural and acidic features and thus on the activity and re-usability of SZ catalysts. The reaction is sensitive to moisture present in methanol or reaction mixture. The studied reaction is Brönsted acid catalyzed and the SZ catalyst having higher number of Brönsted acid sites was re-used successfully without significant loss in activity; whereas the SZ catalyst having lower number of Brönsted acid sites showed a decrease in activity (∼28%) after five reaction cycles. The results clearly indicated the necessity of higher number of Brönsted acid sites for better performance and recycling of the SZ catalysts for esterification of myristic acid with methanol under the conditions studied.
Non-rigid motion compensation in free-breathing myocardial perfusion magnetic resonance imaging (2008)

Breathing movements during the image acquisition of first-pass gadolinium enhanced, Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) hinder a direct automatic analysis of the myocardial perfusion. In addition, a qualitative readout by visual tracking is also more difficult as well. Non-rigid registration can be used to compensate for these movements in the image series. Because of the local contrast and intensity change over time, the registration method needs to be chosen carefully. We propose to make use of the periodicity of the breathing movement when patients are allowed to breath freely during image acquisition. Specifically, we propose to first identify a subset of the images that corresponds to the same phase of the breathing cycle and register these to compensate for the residual differences. By using a combination of Normalised Gradient Fields and the Sum of Squared Differences we circumvent the problems arising from the change of intensity. Then, for each of the remaining images, reference images of a similar intensity distribution are created by a linear combination of images from the align subset. In the last step, registration is achieved by minimising the Sum of Squared Differences. Our first experiments show that this approach is well suited to compensate for the breathing movements.
Link reliability for IS-54/136 handsets with different receiver structures (1999)

We estimate link reliabilities for IS-54/136 digital cellular handsets operating with or without an equalizer in urban, suburban, rural, and mountainous environments. We define the reliability of a user's receiver as the probability that the bit error rate (BER) is less than some specified value. The probability is taken over all mobile positions in a cell area and the BER is averaged over multipath fading. Using a range of tools for modeling and simulation of the digital cellular link (transmitter, channel, and receiver), we present an extensive set of results showing the influence of: (1) receiver structures (differential detection with no equalizer, differential detection with selection diversity, or coherent detection with a medium-complexity equalizer); (2) joint distribution of the channel's RMS delay spread and average signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) (this distribution is based on an environment-specific model reported previously); and (3) vehicle speed (0-200 km/h). In all simulations, we assumed a two-path Rayleigh fading channel characterized by: (1) the delay between paths and (2) the ratio of power received from the first path to that from the second path (the RMS delay spread relates to these two parameters). For typical cell sizes, we find that imposing an equalization requirement in IS-54/136 handsets is overly stringent in all environments, except mountainous areas. For these environments, achieving high reliability requires either equalization or other measures, such as smaller cells, directional base-station antennas, or dual-diversity handsets.
Human chorionic gonadotrophin regulates FGF2 and other cytokines produced by human endometrial epithelial cells, providing a mechanism for enhancing endometrial receptivity (2011)

These findings clearly support roles for hCG and FGF2 in the blastocyst-endometrial cross-talk important for endometrial receptivity and blastocyst implantation.
Agonist-Induced Activation of Matrix Metalloproteinase-7 Promotes Vasoconstriction Through the Epidermal Growth Factor–Receptor Pathway (2003)

Matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-dependent shedding of heparin-binding epidermal growth factor (HB-EGF) and subsequent activation of the EGF receptor (EGFR) in the cardiovasculature is emerging as a unique mechanism signaling growth effects of diverse G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). Among these GPCRs are adrenoceptors and angiotensin receptors that contribute to the pathogenesis of hypertension through their vasoconstrictive and growth effects. Focusing on alpha(1b)-adrenoceptors, we suggest here that MMP-dependent activation of the EGFR promotes vasoconstriction as well as growth. We identified MMP-7 as a major HB-EGF sheddase in rat mesenteric arteries and alpha(1b)-adrenoceptors, angiotensin receptors, and hypertension-stimulated MMP-7 activity. Adrenoceptors stimulated EGFR autophosphorylation in arteries, and this transactivation was opposed by the MMP-7 inhibitor GM6001 as well as MMP-7-specific antibodies. In isolated microperfused arteries, blockade of EGFR transactivation with inhibitors of the EGFR (AG1478 and PD153035), HB-EGF (CRM197 and neutralizing antibodies), or MMPs (doxycycline) inhibited adrenergic vasoconstriction. In spontaneously hypertensive rats but not in normotensive rats, the inhibition of MMPs with doxycycline (19.2 mg/d from week 7 until week 12) reduced systolic blood pressure and attenuated HB-EGF shedding in the mesenteric arteries. These findings suggest a previously unknown mechanism of vasoregulation whereby agonists of certain GPCRs (such as adrenoceptors and angiotensin receptors) activate MMPs (such as MMP-7) that shed EGFR ligands (such as HB-EGF), which then activate the EGFR, thereby promoting vasoconstriction as well as growth. Because this mechanism is triggered by agonists typically overexpressed in hypertension, its blockade may have therapeutic potential for simultaneously inhibiting pathological vasoconstriction and growth in hypertensive disorders.
Rationale for Minimally Invasive Interventional Techniques in Urological Cancer (2011)

The goals of cancer therapy are either to cure or con-trol disease while minimizing side effects to the pa-tient.Onemustbalancethenumberoflifeyearsgained(quantity) with the risk of morbidity and mortality ofa given treatment technique (quality). The ultimategoal is to match treatment type with the biological ag-gressiveness of the disease in an individual patient. Adifﬁcult initial hurdle is predicting disease aggressive-ness.Radiographicstaginghasbeenthecornerstoneinrenal cancer prediction, while nomograms incorporat-ing multiple pathologic, laboratory, and clinical mea-sures have become the basis for prostate cancer pre-diction. The predictions made from this informationhave, to a substantial extent, guided modern treat-ment. In modern urologic oncology practice, a con-tinuing movement toward maximizing survival whileminimizing morbidity has been seen.This movement is seen clearly when examiningthe increasing use of laparoscopic and, more re-cently, robot-assisted laparoscopic techniques in thetreatment of renal and prostate cancers as well asconformal and intensity-modulated radiation therapy(IMRT), cryotherapy, high-intensity focused ultra-sound (HIFU), and brachytherapy in the treatment ofprostate cancer. More recent interest in focal, percuta-neous techniques (i.e., radiofrequency or cryotherapy)reﬂects this evolution in management.Minimally invasive interventional techniques areattractive since the risks of local progression andthus metastasis are, in theory, decreased comparedto surveillance, while the morbidity associated withradical (partial or complete) resection are also de-creased. Other advantages regarding localized renaltumor management include technical ease comparedto minimally invasive partial nephrectomy, no renalischemia requirement, relative ease in locating endo-phytic lesions, the unique opportunity for retreatmentwith no signiﬁcant increased morbidity of a secondprocedure and, ﬁnally, decreased convalescence.The morbidity associated with radical prostatec-tomyandradiotherapyiswelldescribedandisprimar-ily a result of treatment effects on adjacent structures[1]. Therefore, minimally invasive interventional tech-niques stand to have the greatest impact with respectto cavernosal nerve preservation, and limitation of ex-traprostatic radiation leading to advantages in erectilefunction preservation, improved continence, as wellas hospital stay and return to normal daily activitiesand work. These techniques hold similar advantagesto those for renal cell carcinoma with the added ben-eﬁts of relatively easy access to the gland and discreteablation that could facilitate less than whole-glandtreatment.Renal and prostate tumors are biologically uniqueand demand individual consideration for possiblesurveillance, local tumor treatment, or radical tumor
Paper #96: Does Obesity Affect Functional Outcomes after Rotator Cuff Repair? (2017)

There were no significant differences between obese and non-obese subjects in functional outcome or pain scores following rotator cuff repair surgery.
Light- and mechanic field controlled dynamic soft matter materials (2022)

A photochemical reaction system that fuses photo- and mechanochemistry into one macromolecular design for light- and mechano-reversible modification of polymer endgroups is introduced.
Synthesis, structure, and ionic conductivity of solid solution, Li10+δM1+δP2−δS12 (M = Si, Sn) (2014)

Solid solutions of the silicon and tin analogous phases of the superionic conductor Li(10)MP(2)S(12) (M = Si, Sn) were synthesized by a conventional solid-state reaction in an evacuated silica tube at 823 K. The ranges of the solid solutions were determined to be 0.20 < δ < 0.43 and -0.25 < δ < -0.01 in Li(10+δ)M(1+δ)P(2-δ)S(12) (0.525 ≤k≤ 0.60 and 0.67 ≤k≤ 0.75 in Li(4-k)M(1-k)PkS(4)) for the Si and Sn systems, respectively. The ionic conductivity of these systems varied as a function of the changing M ions: the Si and Sn systems showed lower conductivity than the Ge system, Li(10+δ)Ge(1+δ)P(2-δ)S(12). The conductivity change for different elements might be due to the lattice size and lithium content affecting the ionic conduction. The relationship between ionic conduction, structure, and lithium concentration is discussed based on the structural and electrochemical information for the silicon, germanium, and tin systems.
Organometallic Nanoparticles of Metals or Metal Oxides (2007)

This paper presents an overview of the results obtained in the synthesis of metal or metal oxide nanoparticles using hydrocarbyl complexes as metal source. The main advantage of using such metal precursors is their easy decomposition that can be achieved in solution and mild conditions. This allows the control of the particles size, shape and surface state in order to reach a monodisperse assembly of particles having the desired property. The results are reported taking into account the nature of the metal as well as in some cases the stabilizing mode (polymers, ligands, ionic liquids). Some results obtained in the deposition of metal nanoparticles within the channels of templates such as alumina membranes and mesoporous silica through a classsical impregnation method are also reported. The last part concerns the preparation of metal nanoparticles supported on a porous support using a fluidized bed.