gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cancer Chemotherapy — Present Status and Prospects (1967)

A REALISTIC appraisal of today's subject might appropriately, if regrettably, begin with the statement that with but 2 possible exceptions chemotherapy does not now eradicate cancer in man. We are therefore led to the generalization that this mode of treatment should not presently be employed as primary therapy when cure seems possible by surgery or radiation. (In my use of the term chemotherapy, I shall refer to chemicals, including hormones, employed in attempts to control cancer; I shall not in this discussion consider the role of radioactive chemicals.)In presenting the basis for my conviction that in the undefined future . . .
An Extended Kalman filter for sensorless direct torque controlled IPM synchronous motor drive (2008)

This paper investigates the application of an Extended Kalman Filter (EKF) for closed-loop flux, torque and speed estimation of a direct torque controlled (DTC) IPMSM drive over a wide speed range. The EKF provides a recursive optimum state estimation for IPMSMs using terminal signals that may be polluted by noise. Furthermore, the EKF has robustness to parameter variations, disturbance rejection capabilities and accurate estimation abilities. Experimental results verify the effectiveness of the proposed EKF observer for DTC of IPMSMs.
Angular variation of remote-sensing reflectance and the influence of particle phase functions (2004)

Using three different particle phase functions, subsurface remote-sensing reflectance (r <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">rs</sub> ) are simulated by Hydrolight, with the Sun positioned at 10deg, 30deg, and 60deg from zenith, respectively. The values of r <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">rs</sub> at six angles are compared with that at nadir, so do the spectral ratios of r <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">rs</sub> (440)/r <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">rs</sub> (560). It is found that, generally, r <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">rs</sub> values differ the most when the Sun is at 60deg and the sensor is partially facing the Sun. For all sun angles, observation angles, and particle phase functions in this study, however, the ratios of r <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">rs</sub> (440)/r <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">rs</sub> (560) only show limited variations. These results suggest that remote-sensing algorithms based on such kind of ratios are generally applicable to r <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">rs</sub> observed in the remote-sensing domain
An Oxidative Decarboxylation of 7-Oxopodocarpic Acid Derivatives (1990)

Treatment of the 7-oxopodocarpic acid derivatives (1) and (3) with 2,3-dichloro-5,6-dicyanobenzoquinone affords the conjugated dienones (5) and (6) directly. The latter compounds have potential as optically active relays for the synthesis of 3-oxygenated diterpenoids . The stereochemistry of an epoxide (7) formed from the dienone (5) has been confirmed by X-ray crystallography.
Heuristics for scheduling I/O operations (1997)

The I/O bottleneck in parallel computer systems has recently begun receiving increasing interest. Most attention has focused on improving the performance of I/O devices using fairly low level parallelism in techniques such as disk striping and interleaving. Widely applicable solutions, however, will require an integrated approach which addresses the problem at multiple system levels, including applications, systems software, and architecture. We propose that within the context of such an integrated approach, scheduling parallel I/O operations will become increasingly attractive and can potentially provide substantial performance benefits. We describe a simple I/O scheduling problem and present approximate algorithms for its solution. The costs of using these algorithms in terms of execution time, and the benefits in terms of reduced time to complete a batch of I/O operations, are compared with the situations in which no scheduling is used, and in which an optimal scheduling algorithm is used. The comparison is performed both theoretically and experimentally. We have found that, in exchange for a small execution time overhead, the approximate scheduling algorithms can provide substantial improvements in I/O completion times.
Potential metabolites of tricyclic neuroleptics: 2,8-Dihydroxy and 3,8-dihydroxy derivatives of 10-(4-methylpiperazino)-10,11-dihydrodibenzo[b,f]thiepin (1979)

A synthesis of the title compounds II and III , potential metabolites of the neuroleptic agent perathiepin I , was carried out. A reaction of (2-iodo-5-methoxyphenyl)acetic acid with 4-methoxythiophenol afforded the acid VI . The isomeric acid XI was obtained from 2-iodo-4-methoxybenzoic acid by reaction with 4-methoxythiophenol and via intermediates VIII-X . Both acids ( VI,XI ) were cyclized with polyphosphoric acid to dimethoxydibenzo[ b,f ]thiepin-10(11 H )-ones XIIab which were transformed via the alcohols XIIIab to the chloro compounds XIVab . Substitution reactions with 1-methylpiperazine gave the piperazine derivatives IV and V and dimethoxydibenzo[ b,f ]thiepins XVab . The dimethoxy compounds IV and V were demethylated with boron tribromide to the diaminodiphenols II and III . The central depressant and cataleptic activity of compounds II-V is lower than that of the unsubstituted substance I .
Structure of LiquidY3Al5O12(YAG) (2000)

The total structure factor S(Q) and the radial distribution function G(r) of liquid Y3Al5O12 (YAG) were measured at 1770-2230 K by x-ray scattering from samples under containerless conditions in Ar and O2. Nominal coordination numbers are 4 for Al3+ and 6 for Y3+ ions. The G(r) has peaks at r approximately 1.8 A for Al-O, r approximately 2. 25 A for Y-O, and r approximately 3.3-3.6 A assigned to metal ions in adjacent AlO5-4 and YO9-6 polyhedral ions. Relative to the pure oxides, G(r) for molten YAG has smaller half-widths for the Al-O and Y-O peaks, and an increased sensitivity to temperature and the ambient gas composition.
LC–MS/MS method validation for the quantitation of 1-kestose in wheat flour (2021)

Fructan analysis is challenging due to several mono-, di-, and oligosaccharides as well as starch and proteins present in wheat grains which interfere with the analysis. So far, a sensitive and fully validated LC–MS/MS method is missing although even small amounts of short-chain fructans such as 1-kestose are suggested to elicit gastrointestinal symptoms in patients suffering from irritable bowel syndrome. Therefore, the aim of this study was to validate a LC–MS/MS method for the detection of 1-kestose in a complex wheat matrix according to international guidelines. The chromatographic separation was performed on a C18 column coupled with a triple quadrupole MS in MRM mode using the transition m/z 503 → m/z 119 for the quantitation of 1kestose. Accuracy of 1-kestose quantitation in an aqueous solution was 105.5 %. However, the poor recovery of 64.1 % in a complex wheat matrix demonstrated the great impact of proteins and other constituents present in wheat. Nevertheless, the proposed method allows precise quantification of 1-kestose amounts ≥0.1 ppm. The robustness of the method was confirmed by the results being within 6.03 % of the target value. The validated method was successfully applied for the measurement of 10 different wheat samples with 1-kestose amounts between 7.0 and 50.2 ppm.
ChemInform Abstract: Troublesome Alkoxythiophenes. A Highly Efficient Synthesis via Cyclization of γ‐Keto Esters. (2002)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
A Hybrid Classification Method for High Spatial Resolution Remote Sensing Image (2019)

As the spatial resolution being higher than before, pixel-wise classification method cannot satisfy the demanding of remote sensing image classification. object-based image analysis (OBIA) is introduced into remote sensing image classification. Here, we, first, applied the vector field model (VFM) and phase congruency model to obtain the multiple edge strength. Second, watershed transform is employed to get the image segmentation. Finally, support vector machine (SVM) that is proved to be a stable model to handle high-dimensional data analysis, is used to classify the land cover. Finally, voting principle is used to get the final object-wise land cover classification by combining the pixel-wise classification and image segmentation. The experimental results shows that our proposed method can be used into land cover classification efficiently.
The Sustainable Inorganic Materials Management (SIM2) Consortium at KU Leuven (2013)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Context of the Interdisciplinary Collaboration Initiatives Recycling of Rare Earths ‘Technospheric Mining of Critical Metals’: A Crucial Theme within the Future Eit Kic ‘raw Materials’? Conclusions
A real time, FEM based optimal control algorithm and its implementation using parallel processing hardware (transistors) in a microprocessor environment (1989)

There is an evident need to discover a means of establishing reliable, implementable controls for systems that are plagued by nonlinear and, or uncertain, model dynamics. The development of a generic controller design tool for tough-to-control systems is reported. The method utilizes a moving grid, time infinite element based solution of the necessary conditions that describe an optimal controller for a system. The technique produces a discrete feedback controller. Real time laboratory experiments are now being conducted to demonstrate the viability of the method. The algorithm that results is being implemented in a microprocessor environment. Critical computational tasks are accomplished using a low cost, on-board, multiprocessor (INMOS T800 Transputers) and parallel processing. Progress to date validates the methodology presented. Applications of the technique to the control of highly flexible robotic appendages are suggested.
The enantiocontrolled total synthesis of natural (–)-goniomitine (1991)

The first enantiocontrolled total synthesis of (–)-goniomitine, a new structural type of indole alkaloid of the Aspidosperma family isolated from the root bark of Gonioma malagasy, has been completed starting from a chiral cyclopentadienone synthon and establishes the absolute stereochemistry as 20R, 21S.
Application of structural topology optimisation to perforated steel beams (2015)

This paper focuses on the application of structural topology optimisation technique to design steel perforated I-sections as a first attempt to replace the traditional cellular beams and better understand the mechanisms involved when subjected to bending and shear actions. An optimum web opening configuration is suggested based on the results of parametric studies. A FE analysis is further employed to determine the performance of the optimised beam in comparison to the conventional widely used cellular type beam. It is found that the optimised beam overperforms in terms of load carrying capacities, deformations, and stress intensities. Barriers to the implementation of the topology optimisation technique to the routine design of beam web are highlighted.
Standardization of MHC Tetramer and ELISPOT Assays To Quantitate Antigen-Specific T Cell Expansion after CTLA4 Blockade (2004)

s for the 19th Annual Scientific Meeting of the International Society for Biological Therapy of Cancer, San Francisco, California, November 4-7, 2004: Immune Monitoring
Grünblaue Emitter: NHC‐basierte cyclometallierte [Pt(C^C*)(acac)]‐Komplexe (2010)

Weiße organische Leuchtdioden sind das Ziel der hier vorgestellten Forschung: Platin(II)-Komplexe mit cyclometallierten 1-Phenylimidazolliganden, wie der im Bild gezeigte (R=2,3-OC6H4), weisen interessante photophysikalische Eigenschaften auf und haben das Potenzial als blaue Komponente in weißen LEDs. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Bacillomycin Lc, a New Antibiotic of the Iturin Group: Isolation, Structures, and Antifungal Activities of the Congeners. (1995)

Bacillomycin Lc, a new antifungal antibiotic of the iturin class, was isolated from a strain of Bacillus subtilis as a set of five congeners. The structure as determined by chemical and spectrometric analyses has been shown to differ from that of bacillomycin L by sequence changes from aspartate-1 to asparagine-1 and from glutamine-5 to glutamate-5. The five congeners differ from each other only in the structure of the aliphatic side chain of the constituent beta-amino acid. The hydrophobicity of the beta-amino acid affects the antifungal activity of the congener, as activity increased in the order of increased congener retention on a reversed-phase HPLC column.
Role of Oxidative Stress in Persister Tolerance (2012)

Persisters are dormant phenotypic variants of regular cells that are tolerant to antibiotics and play an important role in recalcitrance of chronic infections to therapy. Persisters can be produced stochastically in a population untreated with antibiotics. At the same time, a deterministic component of persister formation has also been documented in a population of cells with DNA damaged by fluoroquinolone treatment. Expression of the SOS response under these conditions induces formation of persisters by increasing expression of the TisB toxin. This suggests that other stress responses may also contribute to persister formation. Of particular interest is oxidative stress that pathogens encounter during infection. Activated macrophages produce reactive oxygen and nitrogen species which induce the SoxRS and OxyR regulons. Genes controlled by these regulons deactivate the oxidants and promote repair. We examined the ability of oxidative stress induced by paraquat (PQ) to affect persister formation. Preincubation of cells with PQ produced a dramatic increase in the number of persisters surviving challenge with fluoroquinolone antibiotics. PQ did not affect killing by kanamycin or ampicillin. Persisters in a culture treated with PQ that survived a challenge with a fluoroquinolone were also highly tolerant to other antibiotics. PQ induces SoxRS, which in turn induces expression of the AcrAB-TolC multidrug-resistant (MDR) pump. Fluoroquinolones are extruded by this MDR pump, and the effect of PQ on antibiotic tolerance was largely abolished in a mutant that was defective in the pump. It appears that PQ, acting through AcrAB-TolC, reduces the concentration of fluoroquinolones in the cells. This allows a larger fraction of cells to become persisters in the presence of a fluoroquinolone. Analysis of a lexA3 mutant indeed showed a dependence of persister induction under these conditions on SOS. These findings show that induction of a classical resistance mechanism, MDR efflux, by oxidative stress leads to an increase in multidrug-tolerant persister cells.
ICAN: The Next Laser Powerhouse (2013)

An international team of researchers is looking toward the next frontier of high-energy laser physics: building efficient, high–average-power lasers. With a revolutionary architecture that combines thousands of coherent fibers, the laser being developed under the ICAN project could transform nuclear medicine, detect nuclear waste and form the basis for the next great particle accelerator.
The concordance between the volume hotspot and the grade hotspot: a 3-D reconstructive model using the pathology outputs from the PROMIS trial (2016)

Guiding one biopsy needle to the maximum cancer diameter would lead to correct Gleason grade attribution in 94% of all lesions and 79% of heterogeneous ones if a true hit was obtained. Further correlation of histological lesions, their MRI appearance and the detectability of these hotspots on MRI will be undertaken once PROMIS results are released.
FCO-10 : Quality Characteristics and Optimization of Sweet Rice Muffin Prepared with Chinese artichoke (Stachy sieboldii MIQ) Powder using Response Surface Methodology (2013)

This study was conducted to develop an optimal composite recipe of nutritional muffin containing Chinese artichoke (Stachy sieboldii MIQ) powder and sweet rice flour that has a high preference score. As a results, the optimal sensory ratio of Sweet Rice Muffin Prepated with Chinese artichoke (Stachy sieboldii MIQ) powder was determined to be Chinese artichoke (Stachy sieboldii MIQ) powder 8.28 g. Brown sugar 66.20 g. Egg 59.37 g.
CANFAR: the Canadian Advanced Network for Astronomical Research (2010)

The Canadian Advanced Network For Astronomical Research (CANFAR) is a 2 1/2-year project that is delivering a network-enabled platform for the accessing, processing, storage, analysis, and distribution of very large astronomical datasets. The CANFAR infrastructure is being implemented as an International Virtual Observatory Alliance (IVOA) compliant web service infrastructure. A challenging feature of the project is to channel all survey data through Canadian research cyberinfrastructure. Sitting behind the portal service, the internal architecture makes use of high-speed networking, cloud computing, cloud storage, meta-scheduling, provisioning and virtualisation. This paper describes the high-level architecture and the current state of the project.
P4‐071: Progression rates to incident mild cognitive impairment by biomarker and memory thresholds (2015)

Amyloid load, hippocampal atrophy and memory impairment are factors associated with increased risk for progression to incident MCI. Concrete estimates of the risk conferred by each of these factors, alone and in combination, would be useful for researchers and clinicians. Data from 341 elderly cognitively normal subjects (CN) with amyloid PET and brain MRI scans, followed for up to 4 years (mean=1.9±1.0yrs), were downloaded from the ADNI database (adni.loni.usc.edu) on 27Jan2015. At the baseline visit, subjects were classified as amyloid positive (Amy+) or negative (Amy-), ERC positive (ERC+) or negative (ERC-), or memory impaired (Mem+) or unimpaired (Mem-). Thresholds were an AV-45 SUVR≥1.1 for Amy+, a normalized ERC volume (R+L)/ICV≤ 0.256% for ERC+, and an ADAS13 score ≥15 for Mem+. Cox regression analyses were used to determine predictors of initial progression to MCI/Dementia and Kaplan-Meier estimates of progression rates were computed. Amy +/-: 22% (12-38%) / 12% (7-19%) ERC +/- :22% (13-45%) / 12% (7-20%) Mem+/-: 38% (16-72%) / 12% (8-19%) Amy- and ERC-: 6% (3-12%) Amy- and ERC+: 24% (12-42%) Amy+ and ERC-: 25% (11-49%) Amy+ and ERC+: 20% (8-44%) Amy- and ERC- and Mem-: 6% (3-13%) Among CN subjects in ADNI, the likelihood of progression to MCI in a two-year period is as low as 6%, and as high as 25%, based on the combinations of biomarkers and memory scores above or below a threshold. In this population, these tests may be more useful in identifying subjects at low risk of progression.
Analytical study of rectifier circuit for wireless power transfer systems (2016)

In this paper, we develop an analytical model of a rectifier circuit that is used in wireless power transfer (WPT) systems, considering the switching timing, ON/OFF resistance, and load characteristics of the rectifier. The model enables us to estimate the performance of the rectifier and optimum load resistance that maximizes the output power and the power efficiency. The model can be extended into Y parameter, which is useful when we consider to develop multi-stage rectifier circuit. By comparing the derived model with the circuit simulation, we confirmed that the performance of the rectifier can be estimated with high accuracy.
Improved contrast of enhancing brain lesions using contrast-enhanced T1-weighted fast spin-echo MR imaging. (1997)

Contrast-enhanced T1-weighted fast spin-echo MR imaging showed a statistically significant improvement in contrast-to-noise ratios at much shorter scan times than those used in conventional contrast-enhanced T1-weighted spin-echo MR imaging.
The relevance of kinin B1receptor upregulation in a mouse model of colitis (2008)

These results provide convincing evidence on the role of B1 receptors in the pathogenesis of colitis. Therefore, the blockade of kinin B1 receptors might represent a new therapeutic option for treating inflammatory bowel diseases.
Hepatic reactive lymphoid hyperplasia in a patient with primary biliary cirrhosis (2010)

Reactive lymphoid hyperplasia (RLH) of the liver is an extremely rare lesion characterized by the proliferation of non-neoplastic lymphocytes forming follicles. Hepatic RLH is known to be associated with gastrointestinal carcinoma and autoimmune diseases including primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC). We report a case of hepatic RLH in a patient with PBC and gastric cancer. A 68 year old Japanese woman with a 10 year history of liver enzyme abnormality was admitted. Laboratory testing revealed that her anti-mitochondrial antibody was markedly elevated. Five mo after the diagnosis of PBC, she was found to have gastric cancer. Abdominal computed tomography disclosed a liver nodule in S8, suggesting metastatic gastric carcinoma. Histopathologically, the resected liver lesion comprised of a nodular proliferation of small lymphocytes with lymphoid follicles. This is the first reported case of hepatic RLH in a patient with both PBC and gastric cancer. Pre-operative diagnosis of hepatic RLH by clinical imaging is extremely difficult. Therefore, a needle biopsy could be useful to make a diagnosis of hepatic RLH, especially to differentiate from metastatic gastrointestinal carcinoma.
Nucleophilic displacement reactions in aromatic systems. Part IV. Kinetics of the reactions of o- and p-halogenonitrobenzenes with piperidine and with morpholine (1954)

N. B. Chapman, R. E. Parker and P. W. Soanes, J. Chem. Soc., 1954, 2109 DOI: 10.1039/JR9540002109
RETRACTED ARTICLE: AKT3-mediated IWS1 phosphorylation promotes the proliferation of EGFR-mutant lung adenocarcinomas through cell cycle-regulated U2AF2 RNA splicing (2021)

AKT-phosphorylated IWS1 regulates alternative RNA splicing via a pathway that is active in lung cancer. RNA-seq studies in lung adenocarcinoma cells lacking phosphorylated IWS1, identified a exon 2-deficient U2AF2 splice variant. Here, we show that exon 2 inclusion in the U2AF2 mRNA is a cell cycle-dependent process that is regulated by LEDGF/SRSF1 splicing complexes, whose assembly is controlled by the IWS1 phosphorylation-dependent deposition of histone H3K36me3 marks in the body of target genes. The exon 2-deficient U2AF2 mRNA encodes a Serine-Arginine-Rich (RS) domain-deficient U2AF65, which is defective in CDCA5 pre-mRNA processing. This results in downregulation of the CDCA5-encoded protein Sororin, a phosphorylation target and regulator of ERK, G2/M arrest and impaired cell proliferation and tumor growth. Analysis of human lung adenocarcinomas, confirmed activation of the pathway in EGFR-mutant tumors and showed that pathway activity correlates with tumor stage, histologic grade, metastasis, relapse after treatment, and poor prognosis.