gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Farnesol and farnesal dehydrogenase(s) in corpora allata of the tobacco hornworm moth, Manduca sexta. (1983)

The metabolism of [3H]farnesol was studied in cell-free preparations of corpora allata from the tobacco hornworm, Manduca sexta, to assess the role of this presumed biosynthetic precursor of juvenile hormone (JH) III. A reversed-phase ion-pair liquid chromatographic (RP-IPC) procedure was devised to separate farnesol from several potential intermediates in its presumed metabolism to JH III: farnesal, farnesoic acid, 10,11-epoxyfarnesoic acid, and methyl farnesoate. Following incubation of (2E,6E)-[1,5,9-3H]farnesol with homogenates of corpora allata from fifth instar larvae or adult female M. sexta, and analysis by RP-IPC, the major radiolabeled products corresponded to farnesoic acid, farnesal, and a polar product(s) presumably derived from the tritium on C-1 of farnesol. Inclusion of NAD+ in the incubations conducted with crude homogenates resulted in enhanced [3H]farnesol metabolism, decreased accumulation of [3H]farnesal, and increased levels of [3H]farnesoic acid. Substitution of NADP+ for NAD+ was ineffective, suggesting that farnesol and/or farnesal dehydrogenase were NAD+-dependent enzymes. Pellet fractions obtained by differential centrifugation of crude homogenates exhibited both farnesol and farnesal dehydrogenase activity but only the latter was clearly stimulated by addition of NAD+. The alcohol/aldehyde dehydrogenase(s) showed some substrate specificity for the 2E isomer; nerol and (2Z,6E)-farnesol were barely metabolized under conditions in which either geraniol or (2E,6E)-farnesol were rapidly oxidized. The identity of the [3H]farnesal zone obtained from RP-IPC was further established by normal-phase liquid chromatography and by gas-liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Itrustpage (2008)

Despite the many solutions proposed by industry and the research community to address phishing attacks, this problem continues to cause enormous damage. Because of our inability to deter phishing attacks, the research community needs to develop new approaches to anti-phishing solutions. Most of today's anti-phishing technologies focus on automatically detecting and preventing phishing attacks. While automation makes anti-phishing tools user-friendly, automation also makes them suffer from false positives, false negatives, and various practical hurdles. As a result, attackers often find simple ways to escape automatic detection.
Acquired Vancomycin Resistance in Clinically Relevant Pathogens (2008)

Acquired resistance to vancomycin is an increasing problem in pathogenic bacteria. It is best studied and most prevalent among Enterococcus and still remains rare in other pathogenic bacteria. Different genotypes of vancomycin resistance, vanA-G, have been described. The different van gene clusters consist of up to nine genes encoding proteins of different functions; their interplay leads to an alternative cell wall precursor less susceptible to glycopeptide binding. Variants of vanA and vanB types are found worldwide, with vanA predominating; their reservoir is Enterococcus faecium. Within this species a subpopulation of hospital-adapted types exists that acquired van gene clusters and which is responsible for outbreaks of vancomycin-resistant enterococci all over the world. Acquisition of vanA by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is worrisome and seven cases have been described. Nonsusceptibility to glycopeptides also occurs independently from van genes and is a growing therapeutic challenge, especially in MRSA.
Effect of molecular weight on preparation of nanoparticles by particle dissolution method from submicron-sized ionized styrene-methacrylic acid copolymer particles in nonionic emulsifier solution (1997)

Styrene–methacrylic acid copolymer [P(S-MAA)] (92/8, molar ratio) nanoparticles were prepared by a dissolution of submicron-sized P(S-MAA) particles with various molecular weights in a polyoxyethylene nonylphenylether nonionic emulsifier aqueous solution at pH 13.0 and above 90°C. The latter particles were produced by emulsion copolymerization in the presence of various concentrations of n-octyl mercaptan. The effect of molecular weight on the dissolution behavior was examined at various conditions and using various kinds of the nonionic emulsifier. It was clarified that a decrease in the molecular weight led to the production of the nanoparticles at mild treatment conditions. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 66: 1461–1464, 1997
Mitochondrial oxidative stress contributes to diastolic dysfunction through impaired mitochondrial dynamics (2022)

Diastolic dysfunction (DD) underlies heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF), a clinical syndrome associated with aging that is becoming more prevalent. Despite extensive clinical studies, no effective treatment exists for HFpEF. Recent findings suggest that oxidative stress contributes to the pathophysiology of DD, but molecular mechanisms underpinning redox-sensitive cardiac remodeling in DD remain obscure. Using transgenic mice with mitochondria-targeted NOX4 overexpression (Nox4TG618) as a model, we demonstrate that NOX4-dependent mitochondrial oxidative stress induces DD in mice as measured by increased E/E', isovolumic relaxation time, Tau Glantz and reduced dP/dt<sub>min</sub> while EF is preserved. In Nox4TG618 mice, fragmentation of cardiomyocyte mitochondria, increased DRP1 phosphorylation, decreased expression of MFN2, and a higher percentage of apoptotic cells in the myocardium are associated with lower ATP-driven and maximal mitochondrial oxygen consumption rates, a decrease in respiratory reserve, and a decrease in citrate synthase and Complex I activities. Transgenic mice have an increased concentration of TGFβ and osteopontin in LV lysates, as well as MCP-1 in plasma, which correlates with a higher percentage of LV myocardial periostin- and ACTA2-positive cells compared with wild-type mice. Accordingly, the levels of ECM as measured by Picrosirius Red staining as well as interstitial deposition of collagen I are elevated in the myocardium of Nox4TG618 mice. The LV tissue of Nox4TG618 mice also exhibited increased I<sub>CaL</sub> current, calpain 2 expression, and altered/disrupted Z-disc structure. As it pertains to human pathology, similar changes were found in samples of LV from patients with DD. Finally, treatment with GKT137831, a specific NOX1 and NOX4 inhibitor, or overexpression of mCAT attenuated myocardial fibrosis and prevented DD in the Nox4TG618 mice. Together, our results indicate that mitochondrial oxidative stress contributes to DD by causing mitochondrial dysfunction, impaired mitochondrial dynamics, increased synthesis of pro-inflammatory and pro-fibrotic cytokines, activation of fibroblasts, and the accumulation of extracellular matrix, which leads to interstitial fibrosis and passive stiffness of the myocardium. Further, mitochondrial oxidative stress increases cardiomyocyte Ca<sup>2+</sup> influx, which worsens CM relaxation and raises the LV filling pressure in conjunction with structural proteolytic damage.
Annoyance response to simulated advanced turboprop aircraft interior noise containing tonal beats (1987)

A study is done to investigate the effects on subjective annoyance of simulated advanced turboprop (ATP) interior noise environments containing tonal beats. The simulated environments consisted of low-frequency tones superimposed on a turbulent-boundary-layer noise spectrum. The variables used in the study included propeller tone frequency (100 to 250 Hz), propeller tone levels (84 to 105 dB), and tonal beat frequency (0 to 1.0 Hz). Results indicated that propeller tones within the simulated ATP environment resulted in increased annoyance response that was fully predictable in terms of the increase in overall sound pressure level due to the tones. Implications for ATP aircraft include the following: (1) the interior noise environment with propeller tones is more annoying than an environment without tones if the tone is present at a level sufficient to increase the overall sound pressure level; (2) the increased annoyance due to the fundamental propeller tone frequency without harmonics is predictable from the overall sound pressure level; and (3) no additional noise penalty due to the perception of single discrete-frequency tones and/or beats was observed.
In Vivo Distribution of Spinal Intervertebral Stiffness Based on Clinical Flexibility Tests (2010)

The identification of in vivo intervertebral stiffness may improve our understanding of scoliotic spine and the relevance of patient-specific methods for surgical planning.
Automatic extraction of model parameters from fundamental frequency contours of English utterances (2002)

The generation process model of the fundamental frequency contours (F0 contours) of speech is known to be capable of generating F0 contours quite close to observed ones. The extraction of model parameters from an observed contour, however, requires an iterative process starting from a set of initial parameter values. In order to guarantee a rapid convergence to an optimum solution, the values should be appropriate ones. We already have developed a method of automatically extracting these from given F0 contours, and applied it to Japanese sentences with good results. The method is based on approximating an observed contour by a continuous curve differentiable everywhere. In the present paper, it was applied to English utterances. Experiments were conducted for 4 native speakers’ utterances with 14.5% and 17.5% of average miss and false alarm rates for the accent commands, and 35.7% and 15.5% for the phrase commands.
Activation and biomechanical assessment of an injectable hybrid osteoconductive - osteogenic bone substitute (2006)

INTRODUCTION: Current research is focusing on injectable osteoconductive materials. Injectable CaP cements offer a minimal-invasive use, but lack osteogenic properties. In order to create a combined osteoconductive / osteogenic bone substitute we used in this study a synthetic, injectable and resorbable Brushite / s-tricalciumphosphate (β-TCP) scaffold (chronOS Inject) and impregnated it with a transglutaminase (plasmatransglutaminase – F XIII). We evaluated the activity of the osteogenic protein and the biomechanics of the mixture. METHODS: Activation study: In order to evaluate the reaction of the osteogenic protein F XIII to the fluid phase of chronOS Inject (sodium hyaluronate), different pH solutions (pH 4 – 7), sodium hyaluronate and chronOS Inject were mixed with F XIII and the protein activity and F XIII release was detected with ELISA. Biomechanical study: The injectability of the chronOS Inject / F XIII mixture was assessed measuring the force required to inject the mixture through a 1 ml standard syringe without a cannula. 3 repeats were preformed with and without F XIII. RESULTS: Activation study: F XIII is not influenced by low pH and the sodium hyaluronate. The release of F XIII from chronOS Inject could not be measured due to clouding of the liquid. Biomechanical study: We saw an increase of the injection force in the presence of F XIII which increased with time after mixture.
M-Shell Dielectronic Recombination: Theoretical Study (2009)

Dielectronic recombination (DR) is an important atomic physics process that is relevant to astrophysical plasma modeling. DR is responsible for the charge state balance as well as the cooling of plasmas, and it is the dominant electron‐ion recombination process for most ions in both photoionized and collisionally‐ionized plasmas. Accurate and reliable calculations for DR rate coefficients are needed to analyze the spectra obtained from astrophysical observations. Over the past few years, our group has computed reliable DR and radiative recombination (RR) data for all isoelectronic sequences up through Mg‐like ions using a state‐of‐the‐art multi‐configuration Breit‐Pauli (MCBP) approach. Recently, we have focused our work on the complex third‐row M‐shell isoelectronic sequences, especially Al‐like. Although there exist some DR calculations for S3+, those calculations were performed only within a non‐relativistic LS‐coupling approximation and for electron‐ionized, higher temperatures. Fe13+ DR calculations have been completed and tested against the Heidelberg heavy‐ion Test Storage Ring facility measurements. Semi‐relativistic DR cross section and rate coefficient calculations for Al‐like S3+ using the level‐resolved distorted‐wave AUTOSTRUCTURE program will be presented. The effect of ground‐state fine structure on the DR rates will be discussed. These calculations include final‐state‐resolved partial DR and RR rate coefficients from the initial ground and metastable levels spanning a temperature range of 10 z2 K–107 z2 K, where z is the initial ionic charge. Our computed Maxwellian DR rate coefficients are fitted into a simple formula for efficient dissemination of data and ease of use in plasma modeling codes, and comparisons to existing data will be shown.
MRA-based Statistical Learning from Incomplete Rankings Stéphan Clémençon (2015)

International audience
Further studies of the kinetic template effect in the metal ion-catalysed reactions of ortho-donor-substituted aryl halides with tertiary phosphines. Structural requirements of the template (1986)

The reactions of a series of Schiff's bases, derived from ortho-chloro-, bromo- or iodo-benzaldehydes and p-anisidine, with tertiary phosphines in the presence of nickel(II) bromide in refluxing ethanol proceed with displacement of the ortho-halogen to form the related ortho-substituted aryl-phosphonium salts. These reactions appear to be examples of a kinetic template effect in which the Schiff's base moiety aids the catalytic role of the metal ion in promoting the substitution reaction. Introduction of a second donor atom into the substituent group present at the nitrogen of related Schiff's bases inhibits the reactions due to diversion of the metal ion in other modes of co-ordination. The reactions are also inhibited by steric crowding at the imino-nitrogen. A range of other aryl halides bearing ortho-substituents having the potential to act as co-ordination templates has been prepared and their reactions with phosphines in the presence of metal ions studied enabling the rather critical nature of effective template groups to be defined. Detailed 13C n.m.r. data are also reported for the Schiff's bases and related arylphosphonium salts.
Improvements to the Rf Characteristics of a Pulsed X-band Magnetron (2007)

This paper describes the computer modeling that was used to improve the rf characteristics of an existing pulsed x-band magnetron.
Identification of HLA‐DPA1*01:03:01:57 and HLA‐DPA1*02:01:01:29 from a case–control study of atopic dermatitis (2022)

DPA1*01:03:01:57 and DPA1*02:01:01:29 differ by a single nucleotide from their closest references, DPA1*01:03:01:02 and DPA1*02:01:01:06.
Recent progress using the Staudinger ligation for radiolabeling applications (2017)

The increasing application of positron emission tomography and single-photon emission computer tomography in radiopharmacy and nuclear medicine has stimulated the development of a multitude of novel and versatile bioorthogonal conjugation techniques. Currently, there is particular interest in radiolabeling biologically active, high molecular weight compounds like peptides, proteins, or antibodies, but also for the labeling of small organic compounds. An enormous challenge in radiolabeling these biologically active molecules is that the introduction of radiohalogens like fluorine-18 as well as various radiometals proceeds under harsh conditions, which could destroy the biomolecule. The Staudinger ligation is one of the most powerful bioorthogonal conjugation techniques. The reaction proceeds over wide temperature and pH ranges; an amide (peptide) bond is formed as the ligation unit, which minimizes distortion of the structure; no isomers are obtained; and the reaction proceeds without any metal catalyst. Due to this adaptability, this robust ligation type is a perfect candidate with a high potential for various applications in the field of radiopharmacy for the labeling of biomolecules under mild conditions. This review summarizes recent research concerning the implementation of the Staudinger ligation for radiolabeling applications.
Long-term Clinical and Angiographic Results of Coronary Stenting in Diabetic Patients (2001)

Background:Diabetes is a major risk factor for restenosis and high mortality after percutaneous coronary intervention. The impact of coronary stenting on the clinical outcome of diabetic patients remains controversial. Method:The in-hospital and long-term clinical outcomes of 104 consecutive diabetic (60±8 year-old, 74 male) and age-matched 193 control (57±10 year-old, 162 male) patents underwent coronary stenting between January 1998 and March 1999 at Chonnam National University Hospital were compared. Results:1) Coronary stenting was successful in 98% of diabetic patients and 97% of non-diabetic patients. Post-procedural minimal luminal diameter (MLD) was not different between two groups (2.89±0.42 vs. 2.95±0.62 mm), but follow-up MLD was lower in diabetics than that in non-diabetics (1.70±0.96 vs. 2.05±0.72 mm, p<0.05). 2) Restenosis rate on follow-up coronary angiograpy was not different between two groups (40.7% in diabetics and 32.0% in non-diabetics. 3) In-hospital outcome was not different between two groups. Long-term clinical follow-up (16±11 months) revealed higher overall major adverse cardiac events in diabetics than in non-diabetics (38.7 vs. 30.7%, p<0.05). Conclusion:Coronary stenting in diabetics can be performed with acceptable short-term results. However, long-term clinical outcome in diabetic patients was worse than in non-diabetics. (Korean Circulation J 2001;31(1):24-30)
An 8-b 650-MHz folding ADC (1992)

An 8-b 650-MHz folding analog-to-digital converter (ADC) with analog error correction in the comparators is presented. With an input frequency of 150 MHz, 7.8 effective bits are obtained. The ADC is implemented in a 1- mu m 13-GHz triple-level interconnect bipolar process, requiring 850 mW from a single -4.5 V supply. The die size is 4.2 mm/sup 2/.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Half-life ofTi44 (1983)

The half-life of $^{44}\mathrm{Ti}$ has been measured to be ${T}_{\frac{1}{2}}=54.2\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}2.1$ yr, somewhat higher than previously published values of 46.4\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}1.7 and 48.2\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.9 yr. The present value was obtained from the specific activity and the radioisotope concentration of several Ti${\mathrm{O}}_{2}$ samples, each spiked with a $^{44}\mathrm{Ti}$ activity of about 1.2 \ensuremath{\mu}Ci. The specific activity was measured via the 1157 keV $\ensuremath{\gamma}$ line from the decay of the $^{44}\mathrm{Sc}$ daughter. $^{44}\mathrm{Ti}$/Ti concentrations were measured with the Argonne FN tandem accelerator in conjunction with an Enge split-pole magnetic spectrograph using the technique of accelerator mass spectrometry. An overall sensitivity of ${10}^{\ensuremath{-}10}$ was achieved which proves accelerator mass spectroscopy to be a powerful tool for radioisotope detection also in a region of rather heavy ion masses. A detailed description of the subtleties of accelerator mass spectroscopy when applied to measure absolute radioisotope concentrations in this heavy mass region is presented.RADIOACTIVITY Measured half-life of $^{44}\mathrm{Ti}$ via accelerator mass spectroscopy.
Nonpoint source pollution management models for regional groundwater quality control (1988)

Nonpoint source pollution threatens the quality of enormous reservoirs of groundwater. Limits on distributed source densities, effluent quality standards for sources, and regulations on land use activities can be effective components of strategies to protect groundwaters. To facilitate the formulation or evaluation of strategies to protect groundwaters from nonpoint source pollution, groundwater quality management models have been developed. Decision makers can use these models to obtain estimates of regional subsurface wasteload allocations than can in turn be used to obtain tangible estimates of desirable distributed source densities (i.e., septic tank densities) or identify land use patterns that will maintain acceptable subsurface water quality. Several steady-state groundwater quality management models useful for investigating regional groundwater wasteload allocation from nonpoint sources are presented. These management models are constructed as linear programming optimization models. Equations from a finite difference, steady-state, two-dimensional horizontal, unconfined, advective contaminant transport model are used as part of each optimization problem constraint set. The management models were applied over the Sole Source aquifer of Barnstable County, Massachusetts. Barnstable County is incurring widespread nitrate contamination from distributed septic systems which serve 88 percent of the population. The modeling approach requires general data normally available through state geological surveys, regional planning commissions, and the census bureau. The optimal regional nonpoint source groundwater wasteload allocations are generated from this data as are resultant contaminant distributions, boundaries of critical recharge areas, and the associated water quality tradeoffs for changes in existing and proposed land use (or source) management schemes. The optimal wasteload allocations were translated into estimates of distributed source densities and land use development patterns. The results of these groundwater quality management models, used in conjunction with additional field and planning information, provide additional insight that is essential for consideration of groundwater resource protection in the planning of regional land use activities.
Sarcopenia and Variation in the Human Leukocyte Antigen Complex (2019)

Autoimmune diagnoses are strongly associated with sarcopenia in 60- to 70-year olds. Variation in specific HLA types and non-coding single nucleotide polymorphisms is also associated with sarcopenia in older carriers free of diagnosed autoimmune diseases. Patients with sarcopenia might benefit from targeted treatment of autoimmune processes.