gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Beamforming, Antenna Selection, and Power Allocation Factor Design for Downlink Two-User MISO-NOMA Systems (2022)

In this paper, we consider the joint antenna selection (AS), beamforming (BF), and power allocation factor (PAF) design problem for a two-user downlink power-domain non-orthogonal multiple access (PD-NOMA) systems. Different from conventional sum-rate-oriented problems, the proposed problem is concerned about the fairness between users, which is improved by maximizing the achievable rate of the weaker user with hardware constraints such as the total power constraint (TPC), per-antenna power constraint (PAPC), and the number of activated antennas, to prevent the extremely low communication quality. To solve the problem, we divide it into two stages due to its complexity. Simulation results demonstrate that with such procedures, the proposed approach achieves better fairness performance than most sum-rate-oriented counterparts and it can be bettered if we perform the two-stage design.
Pseudorandom Maximum Length Signal Design with Bias Compensation Least Squares Estimation for System Identification (2007)

The effect of input and output noise towards the identification of the best linear approximation of a system is investigated. This leads to the problem of errors-in-variables (EIV). The effectiveness of one particular EIV method, namely the bias compensation least squares estimation method, is analyzed, with simulations carried out on a first order bilinear system. It is shown that the use of perturbation signals with carefully selected harmonic properties can lead to significant improvements in the estimation of the best linear approximation of the system. In particular, a spectrum that is sparser but having a larger magnitude at the nonzero harmonics is found to be more robust towards the effect of noise.
No association of multiple sclerosis activity and progression with EBV or tobacco use in BENEFIT (2015)

Neither increased levels of EBV IgG antibodies, including against EBNA-1, nor elevated cotinine levels indicative of tobacco use, were associated with an increased risk of CIS conversion to MS, or MS activity or progression over a 5-year follow-up.
The quantity of life for people with chronic aphasia (2003)

This study sought to examine the relationships between social activity and aphasia. Thirty-eight people with chronic aphasia and their closest relative completed a newly developed Social Network with Aphasia Profile (SNAP) and relatives completed a Communicative Effectiveness Index (CETI) during the summer months of the year 2000. The SNAP requires a record to be kept over a consecutive seven-day period of who the person with aphasia sees (e.g., doctor, brother), where they see them (e.g., hospital, gym, pub), and why (e.g., to attend group meeting, shopping). A multiple regression analysis was carried out using the number of hours people spent out of their home as the independent variable, and severity of aphasia, age, time since onset and presence of hemiplegia as dependent variables. This accounted for 30% of the variance and revealed that severity of aphasia has a particularly negative impact. Age and physical condition also have a negative impact. However, a rich social network was observed for some aphasic people. Only one participant was receiving speech-language therapy of two hours per week. Implications for reducing communication barriers, raising public awareness and service provision are discussed.
Atomic force microscopy of ultra thin amorphous silicon films deposited on various substrate surfaces (2002)

The surface morphology and interface structure of ultra-thin amorphous silicon (a-Si:H) films deposited on glass, Si, SnO/sub 2/ and graphite substrates were investigated by in-situ X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and ex-situ atomic force microscopy (AFM). The growth mode varied between two dimensional homogeneous coverage and three dimensional island formation depending on the substrate material, deposition temperature and reactive plasma treatment of the substrate. The phenomena are interpreted by taking into account the surface diffusion of adsorbed precursors and the wettability of a-Si:H with the substrate surface. Chemical modification of substrate surface is shown to exhibit a remarkable effect on the growth mode of a-Si:H.
A Randomized Trial to Determine the Influence of Laser Therapy, Monopolar Radiofrequency Treatment, and Intense Pulsed Light Therapy Administered Immediately after Hyaluronic Acid Gel Implantation (2007)

BACKGROUND Hyaluronic acid-based dermal fillers, such as hyaluronic acid gel (Restylane, Q-Medical AB, Uppsala, Sweden), are widely used for tissue augmentation of the nasolabial folds. Additional dermatologic treatments using infrared light, radiofrequency (RF), and intense pulsed light (IPL) are also important tools for facial rejuvenation. This study was designed to evaluate whether these therapies could be safely administered immediately after hyaluronic acid gel treatment without compromising the effect of the dermal filler. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to confirm or refute any possible subtractive effects of augmentation of the nasolabial folds when followed by 1,320-nm Nd:YAG laser, 1,450-nm diode laser, monopolar RF, and/or IPL treatments. METHODS Thirty-six patients with prominent nasolabial folds were treated with hyaluronic acid gel implantation on one side of the face and hyaluronic acid gel followed by one of the nonablative laser/RF/IPL therapies on the contralateral side of the face. RESULTS There were no statistically significant differences between wrinkle severity or global aesthetic scores for hyaluronic acid gel implantation alone and hyaluronic acid gel with laser/RF/IPL treatment at any time point. In a small sample, histologic changes were not apparent after laser/RF/IPL treatment. CONCLUSIONS Based on this small pilot study, laser, RF, and IPL treatments can safely be administered immediately after hyaluronic acid gel implantation without reduction in overall clinical effect.
Increasing the Environmental Sustainability of Sewage Treatment by Mitigating Pollutant Pathways (2006)

The current centralized systems for sewage treatment are highly efficient with respect to the removal of COD and nutrients and the production of an effluent that can be discharged on surface water. However, from an environmental point of view the sewage treatment process is still far from being environmentally sustainable. Based on a desk study, a structural approach is given on how to achieve a more sustainable treatment process. One of the possibilities is to improve the mitigation of toxic pollutants. Using the appropriate treatment steps, including also high-temperature sludge treatment processes and membrane separation processes, it is possible to remove toxic organic pollutants completely. Heavy metals can be immobilized in a solid matrix. N- and P-containing compounds can be recovered for reuse. Other nonpolluting or slightly polluting organic compounds can be beneficially used as energy sources. Furthermore, both the emissions of the greenhouse gas CO2 and of NO2 to the atmosphere can be substantially reduced. It will be evident that further study and research is necessary to develop the mentioned sustainable treatment scenarios to practical application.
Physical modelling analysis of the New Orleans levee breaches (2011)

As part of the Interagency Performance Evaluation Task Force (IPET) investigation into levee breaches in New Orleans following Hurricane Katrina, centrifuge modelling was undertaken of representative levee cross-sections on the 17th Street, Orleans and London Avenue Canals. Two mechanisms were observed leading to breaching of the levee in the models, both of which stemmed from a water-filled crack that formed in front of the flood wall. Depending on the foundation conditions and geometry of the levee and flood wall, the crack led either to a rotation of the flood wall landwards, with uplift and sliding on the top of the sand towards the landward toe of the levee, or to a translational (sliding) failure in the clay layer commencing from the bottom or toe of the flood wall. In the Orleans models no breach ensued, although it was clear these sections were close to failure. The centrifuge model tests identified, at an early stage in the IPET investigation, the importance of the ‘gap' mechanism affecting the stability of the flood walls, and confirmed that levee geometry and flood wall depth of penetration, together with the underlying soil profile, were critical to the performance of the system under flood loading.
Effect of a radiation shield on thermal stress field during Czochralski crystal growth of silicon. (1990)

For silicon CZ crystal growth, the effect of a radiation shield inserted in a furnace on the thermal stress field was studied theoretically by the finite-element method based on thermoelastic analysis.It is found that a radiation shield lowers the maximum (thermally induced) shear stress, since it reduces the temperature gradient, especially in the radial direction, in a crystal. There is an optimum location for placement of the radiation shield so as to realize the smallest shear stress. From the viewpoint of thermal stress, a radiation shield can allow a higher pull rate of defect-free crystal.
Do specific linoleate 13‐lipoxygenases initiate β‐oxidation?1 (1997)

The germination process of oilseed plants is characterized by a mobilization of the storage lipids which constitute the major carbon source for the growing seedling. Despite the physiological importance of the lipid mobilization, the mechanism of this process is not well understood. Recently, it was found that a specific linoleate 13-lipoxygenase is induced during the stage of lipid mobilization in various oilseed plants and that this enzyme is translocated to the membranes of the lipid storage organelles, the so called lipid bodies. Lipoxygenase expression was paralleled by the occurrence of enantiospecific hydro(pero)xy polyenoic fatty acid derivatives in the storage lipids suggesting the in vivo action of the enzyme. Furthermore, it was reported that oxygenated polyenoic fatty acids, in particular as 13(S)-hydro(pero)xy-9(Z),11(E)-octadecanoic acid [13(S)-H(P)ODE], are cleaved preferentially from the storage lipids when compared with their non-oxygenated linoleate residues. These findings may suggest that 13(S)-H(P)ODE may constitute the endogenous substrate for beta-oxidation during lipid mobilization of oilseed plants.
A Hybrid Model for Monthly Precipitation Time Series Forecasting Based on Variational Mode Decomposition with Extreme Learning Machine (2018)

The matter of success in forecasting precipitation is of great significance to flood control and drought relief, and water resources planning and management. For the nonlinear problem in forecasting precipitation time series, a hybrid prediction model based on variational mode decomposition (VMD) coupled with extreme learning machine (ELM) is proposed to reduce the difficulty in modeling monthly precipitation forecasting and improve the prediction accuracy. The monthly precipitation data in the past 60 years from Yan’an City and Huashan Mountain, Shaanxi Province, are used as cases to test this new hybrid model. First, the nonstationary monthly precipitation time series are decomposed into several relatively stable intrinsic mode functions (IMFs) by using VMD. Then, an ELM prediction model is established for each IMF. Next, the predicted values of these components are accumulated to obtain the final prediction results. Finally, three predictive indicators are adopted to measure the prediction accuracy of the proposed hybrid model, back propagation (BP) neural network, Elman neural network (Elman), ELM, and EMD-ELM models: mean absolute error (MAE), root mean squared error (RMSE), and mean absolute percentage error (MAPE). The experimental simulation results show that the proposed hybrid model has higher prediction accuracy and can be used to predict the monthly precipitation time series.
Applicable Scene Text Detection Based on Semantic Segmentation (2020)

Abstract In the past few years, scene text detection problem has attracted much attention and widely studied for many applications. Segmentation based methods are quite popular in this filed, it was not only for the simple post-processing procedure, but also for the ability of handle the various shape of text. In this manuscript, a method named CFPM-IDB was proposed which based on a new decoder module Consolidated Feature Pyramid Module (CFPM) and a light weight segmentation head Improved Differentiable Binarization (IDB). The CFPM module originated from Feature Pyramid Networks and achieved an idea trade-off between local details and macro semantic information. IDB module performed binarization process by threshold map and probability map. Combining them results in CFPM-IDB, which improved the performance of scene text detection, both precision and efficiency. Experimental results on two different datasets proved the promising advance in the accuracy and speed of this model.
Ion ring propagation in a magnetized plasma (1993)

The propagation of an ion ring in a 2.5 m long, 0.30 m diam magnetized plasma column was studied using an axial array of magnetic probes and fast proton detectors, a microwave interferometer, and a grating spectrometer. The ring propagated with an initial axial velocity 3×106 m/sec, about four times the Alfvén speed in the plasma, and excited damped magnetosonic waves whose peak amplitude depended on the plasma return current. The plasma electrons were heated by about 1 eV in response to the ring, as measured by the Hγ line-to-continuum intensity ratio. This heating is primarily attributed to classical Coulomb collisions, although about 1%–10% can be attributed to the collective ring–plasma interaction. The collective interaction had no measurable effect on the dynamics of the ion ring, consistent with theoretical models, given the beam, plasma, and magnetic-field parameters in the experiment.
Patterns of atrophy in pathologically confirmed dementias: a voxelwise analysis (2017)

Pathologically distinct dementias exhibit characteristic patterns of regional volume loss compared with controls and other dementias. Voxelwise differences identified in these cohorts highlight imaging signatures that may aid in the differentiation of dementia subtypes during life. The results of this study are available for further examination via NeuroVault (http://neurovault.org/collections/ADHMHOPN/).
The Accuracy of Urinary Cotinine Immunoassay Test Strip as an Add-on Test to Self-Reported Smoking Before Major Elective Surgery (2013)

The NicAlert® add-on test strategy had excellent diagnostic test performance for identifying current smokers who are expected to have a high risk of perioperative complications.
New Internal Capacity Control for Reciprocating Compressors (1986)

For several applications of reciprocating compressors, the instantaneous matching of the working fluid flow rate with load variations is needed, the compressor flow rate being variable thanks to external or internal parameters and characteristics.The performances of both compressor and prime mover strictly depend on the capacity control system characteristics, that, in their turn, are deeply affected by the operating conditions of the overall plant itself.The suitability of such capacity control devices shall be evaluated referring to the overall efficiency variations.
Biomedical relation extraction with pre-trained language representations and minimal task-specific architecture (2019)

This paper presents our participation in the AGAC Track from the 2019 BioNLP Open Shared Tasks. We provide a solution for Task 3, which aims to extract "gene -function change -disease" triples, where "gene" and "disease" are mentions of particular genes and diseases respectively and "function change" is one of four pre-defined relationship types. Our system extends BERT (Devlin et al., 2018), a state-of-the-art language model, which learns contextual language representations from a large unlabelled corpus and whose parameters can be fine-tuned to solve specific tasks with minimal additional architecture. We encode the pair of mentions and their textual context as two consecutive sequences in BERT, separated by a special symbol. We then use a single linear layer to classify their relationship into five classes (four pre-defined, as well as 'no relation'). Despite considerable class imbalance, our system significantly outperforms a random baseline while relying on an extremely simple setup with no specially engineered features.
1020-1064 nm wavelength-tunable all polarization maintaining mode-locked fiber laser with a programmable optical filter (2020)

We report an all-polarization maintaining fiber laser operating at central wavelength of 1020-1064 nm with pulse duration of 2-8 ps and the repetition rate of 6.12 MHz. The laser is mode-locked using a nonlinear amplifying loop mirror, and the wavelength can be tuned continuously by installing an electrically programmable optical filter into the cavity. Our ultrafast fiber laser will be attractive for various applications such as bio-imaging, laser micro-processing, optical measurements, medical treatment, and supercontinuum generation.
Establishment of a Reverse Genetics System for Influenza D Virus (2020)

Influenza D virus (IDV) was initially isolated in the United States in 2011. IDV is distributed worldwide and is one of the causative agents of the bovine respiratory disease complex (BRDC), which causes high morbidity and mortality in feedlot cattle. The molecular mechanisms of IDV pathogenicity are still unknown. Reverse genetics systems are vital tools not only for studying the biology of viruses, but also for use in applications such as recombinant vaccine viruses. Here, we report the establishment of a plasmid-based reverse genetics system for IDV. We first verified that the 3'-terminal nucleotide of each 7-segmented genomic RNA contained uracil (U), contrary to previous reports, and we were then able to successfully generate recombinant IDV by cotransfecting 7 plasmids containing these genomic RNAs along with 4 plasmids expressing polymerase proteins and nucleoprotein into human rectal tumor 18G (HRT-18G) cells. The recombinant virus had a growth deficit compared to the wild-type virus, and we determined the reason for this growth difference by examining the genomic RNA content of the viral particles. We found that the recombinant virus incorporated an unbalanced ratio of viral RNA segments into particles compared to that of the wild-type virus, and thus we adjusted the amount of each plasmid used in transfection to obtain a recombinant virus with the same replicative capacity as the wild-type virus. Our work here in establishing a reverse genetics system for IDV will have a broad range of applications, including uses in studies focused on better understanding IDV replication and pathogenicity, as well as in those contributing to the development of BRDC countermeasures.<b>IMPORTANCE</b> The bovine respiratory disease complex (BRDC) causes high mortality and morbidity in cattle, causing economic losses worldwide. Influenza D virus (IDV) is considered to be a causative agent of the BRDC. Here, we developed a reverse genetics system that allows for the generation of IDV from cloned cDNAs and the introduction of mutations into the IDV genome. This reverse genetics system will become a powerful tool for use in studies related to understanding the molecular mechanisms of viral replication and pathogenicity and will also lead to the development of new countermeasures against the BRDC.
Sex ratio of births in Ireland in 1978. (1981)

Changes in the sex ratio of live births registered in the six counties and two county boroughs of Northern Ireland are examined over the period 1913 to 1978 using official data. Comparisons are made with the rest of the United Kingdom and with the rest of Ireland. (ANNOTATION)
A Memory Capacity-Aware Algorithm for Fast Clustering of Disk-Resident Big Datasets (2017)

Clustering is one of the most commonly used data mining techniques. The K-means and its variants are popular clustering methods. The simplistic Lloyd K-means algorithm, with randomly chosen initial cluster centers, suffers from poor clustering quality and high iteration numbers, especially unsuitable for clustering large datasets. Successful methods that choose a good set of initial cluster centers include the algorithm of Bradley and Fayyad using sampled data subsets, and the bisecting K-means algorithm of Steinbach, Karypis, and Kumar. Recently, it was discovered that iterations in the two-means algorithm used in bisecting K-means to bisect a subset can be limited to small numbers while still maintaining the final clustering quality for the bisecting K-means algorithm. In this paper, for datasets larger than memory capacity, we develop an iteration limiting strategy for bisecting K-means which adaptively determines the number of iterations for each call of the two-means bisecting subroutine based on the memory capacity of a computer and the size of the data subset to be partitioned. The strategy has been incorporated into the bisecting K-means algorithm, applied to the large challenge-response datasets of Physical Unclonable Functions that the authors are investigating, with comparison with the sampled-subsets algorithm of Bradley and Fayyad. Testing results show high computing efficiency for the bisecting K-means algorithm incorporated with the iteration limiting strategy while exhibiting almost identical clustering quality.
Verdeckte Rechteck-Hohlprofil-Verbindungen unter Zugbelastung / Hidden rectangular hollow section connections under tensile loading (2003)

Die geschlossene Querschnittsform von Hohlprofilen ermoeglicht besonders aesthetische Bauwerke, in denen die Konstruktion offen gezeigt wird. Eine frei sichtbare Dachkonstruktion fasziniert und weckt das Interesse des Betrachters an den Zusammenhaengen von Konstruktion und Kraeftefluss. Architekten wollen durch eine gleichmaessige Struktur eine elegante Gesamtkonstruktion erreichen. Hierbei sind typische Stossverbindungen meist stoerend, da sie eine Unterbrechung der eigentlichen Struktur darstellen. Im Gegensatz zu den typischen Stossverbindungen, wie Kopfplatten- oder Laschenverbindungen mit geschlitztem Hohlprofil, ermoeglichen die so genannten verdeckten Knotenverbindungen ein von Aussen unsichtbares Stossen des Hohlprofils. Die nicht-konstruktive Abdeckung ueber der eigentlichen Verbindung ermoeglicht die optische Fortsetzung der Struktur. Eine versuchstechnische und numerische Studie zu dieser Verbindungsart bei Zugbelastung ist durchgefuehrt worden. Der Hauptaugenmerk dieser Studie lag auf dem ploetzlichen Bruch des Hohlprofils durch die oertlich begrenzte Lasteinleitung am Schweissnahtende. Neben einer Literaturstudie zu dieser im Eurocode 3 bisher nicht beruecksichtigten Versagensart wird ein Nachweisbeispiel zu einer verdeckten Knotenverbindung gegeben. (A) ABSTRACT IN ENGLISH: The closed shape of hollow sections allows particularly aesthetic buildings, in which the construction is visibly shown. A clearly visible roof structure fascinates the viewer and awakens interest in the relationship between construction and the flow of forces. Architects wish to achieve an elegant construction by having a uniform structure. In this case, typical splices are usually disturbing, as they represent a discontinuity in the original structure. In contrast to the typical splices such as flange-plate or gusset plate connections with slotted hollow sections, hidden joint connections allow an invisible splicing of members. The non-structural cover around the actual connection represents an optical continuation of the member. An experimental and numerical study on this connection type under tensile loading has been carried out. The main objective of this research has been to study the shear lag failure of the hollow section at the weld end. In addition to a literature study on this failure mode, which is not considered by Eurocode 3 so far, a design example on a hidden joint connection is provided. (A)