gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Abstract IA01: Molecular basis of T cell exhaustion: Insights for immunotherapy (2015)

Abstract T cell exhaustion is common during chronic infections, cancer and prevents optimal immunity. Exhausted T cells are defined by the loss of ability to perform effector functions efficiently, low proliferative capacity and poor survival following antigen stimulation. In addition, it has become clear that exhausted T cells co-express multiple inhibitory receptors that negatively regulate their function. Indeed, receptors such as PD-1 have become major targets of clinical immunotherapies in cancer and infectious disease aimed at re-invigorating exhausted T cells. Our work has recently defined transcriptional networks of T cell exhaustion and has focused on the role of key transcription factors, including T-bet and Eomesodermin (Eomes) in controlling the sustainability and terminal differentiation of exhausted T cell populations. We have found a key role for T-bet in sustaining a progenitor pool of exhausted CD8 T cells during chronic infection, while the related transcription factor Eomes governs terminal differentiation. Our new data indicates that PD-1, the major current target of immunotherapy approaches dramatically regulates these subsets of exhausted T cells and modulating PD-1 signals may have long-term impact on lineage dynamics of exhausted T cell populations. One key observation from these studies is that a key surrogate of reivingoration of exhausted CD8 T cell responses is a population of EomesHi PD-1Hi exhausted CD8 T cells. The use of this subset of CD8 T cells as a biomarker is explored. Ultimately, a more precise molecular understanding of T cell exhaustion should lead to novel and more robust clinical interventions to reverse exhaustion in settings of persisting infections and cancer. Citation Format: E. John Wherry. Molecular basis of T cell exhaustion: Insights for immunotherapy. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference: Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy: A New Chapter; December 1-4, 2014; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Immunol Res 2015;3(10 Suppl):Abstract nr IA01.
Research Project EMPIR 19ENG02 Future Energy (2020)

Pre-print of a paper presented at the VDE Hochspannungstechnik conference, Berlin, Nov 9-11 2020
Thermodynamic Modeling of Solvent-Impact on Phase Separation in Amorphous Solid Dispersions during Drying (2020)

Understanding and prevention of unwanted changes of a pharmaceutical formulation during the production process is part of the critical requirements for the successful approval of a new drug product. Polymer-based formulations, so-called amorphous solid dispersions (ASDs), are often produced via solvent-based processes. In such processes, active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) and polymers are first dissolved in a solvent or solvent mixture, then the solvent is evaporated, for example, via spray drying or rotary evaporation. During the drying step, unwanted liquid-liquid phase separation may occur, leading to polymer-rich and API-rich regions with crystallization potential, and thus, heterogeneities and a two-phasic system in the final ASD. Phase separation in ASDs may impact their bioperformance because of the locally higher degree of API supersaturation. Although it is known that the choice of the solvent plays an important role in the formation of heterogeneities, solvent-impact on ASD drying and eventual product quality is often neglected in the process design. This study aims to investigate for the first time the phase behavior and drying process of API/polymer/solvents systems from a thermodynamic perspective. Unwanted phase changes during the drying process of the ASD containing hydroxypropyl methylcellulose acetate succinate and naproxen prepared from acetone/water or ethanol/water solvent mixtures were predicted using the thermodynamic model PC-SAFT. The predicted phase behavior and drying curves were successfully validated by confocal Raman spectroscopy.
Comparison of Clinical Presentations and Outcomes Between Patients With TGFBR2 and FBN1 Mutations in Marfan Syndrome and Related Disorders (2009)

Clinical outcomes appear similar between treated patients with TGFBR2 mutations and individuals with FBN1 mutations. Prognosis depends on clinical disease expression and treatment rather than simply the presence of a TGFBR2 gene mutation.
Use of a glycerol-limited, long-term chemostat for isolation of Escherichia coli mutants with improved physiological properties (1997)

The evolution of Escherichia coli MG1655 mutants was followed over 126 d in a glycerol-limited chemostat at a dilution rate of 0.05 h-1. This corresponds to a total of 217 generations at a doubling time of 13.9 h. After this time, nearly 90% of the chemostat population consisted of evolved mutant strains as determined by their altered colony morphologies on plates. Two mutants were isolated that exhibited generally improved growth phenotypes in batch cultivations on glycerol, glucose or the gluconeogenic substrate acetate. Higher specific growth rates and increased biomass yields were found for both mutants. For one mutant, this behaviour was combined with significantly reduced secretion of overflow metabolites when either glycerol or glucose was the carbon source. Additionally, during all growth phases of a batch cultivation, this mutant exhibited increased resistance to a variety of adverse conditions including heat shock, osmotic stress and nutrient deprivation. It also displayed significantly shorter lag phases.
Why Did ZIKV Perinatal Outcomes Differ in Distinct Regions of Brazil? An Exploratory Study of Two Cohorts (2021)

The Zika virus (ZIKV) epidemic in Brazil occurred in regions where dengue viruses (DENV) are historically endemic. We investigated the differences in adverse pregnancy/infant outcomes in two cohorts comprising 114 pregnant women with PCR-confirmed ZIKV infection in Rio de Janeiro, Southeastern Brazil (<i>n</i> = 50) and Manaus, in the north region of the country (<i>n</i> = 64). Prior exposure to DENV was evaluated through plaque reduction neutralizing antibody assays (PRNT 80) and DENV IgG serologies. Potential associations between pregnancy outcomes and Zika attack rates in the two cities were explored. Overall, 31 women (27%) had adverse pregnancy/infant outcomes, 27 in Rio (54%) and 4 in Manaus (6%), <i>p</i> < 0.001. This included 4 pregnancy losses (13%) and 27 infants with abnormalities at birth (24%). A total of 93 women (82%) had evidence of prior DENV exposure, 45 in Rio (90%) and 48 in Manaus (75%). Zika attack rates differed; the rate in Rio was 10.28 cases/10,000 and in Manaus, 0.6 cases/10,000, <i>p</i> < 0.001. Only Zika attack rates (Odds Ratio: 17.6, 95% Confidence Interval 5.6-55.9, <i>p</i> < 0.001) and infection in the first trimester of pregnancy (OR: 4.26, 95% CI 1.4-12.9, <i>p</i> = 0.011) were associated with adverse pregnancy and infant outcomes. Pre-existing immunity to DENV was not associated with outcomes (normal or abnormal) in patients with ZIKV infection during pregnancy.
Image Attributes and Quality for Evaluation of Tone Mapping Operators (2006)

The problem of reproducing high dynamic range images on devices with restricted dynamic range has gained a lot of interest in the computer graphics community. There ex-ist various approaches to this issue, which span several re-search areas including computer graphics, image process-ing, color science, physiology, neurology, psychology, etc. These approaches assume a thorough knowledge of both the objective and subjective attributes of an image. However, no comprehensive overview and analysis of such attributes has been published so far. In this paper, we present an overview of image qual-ity attributes of different tone mapping methods. Further-more, we propose a scheme of relationships between these attributes, leading to the definition of an overall image qual-ity measure. We present results of subjective psychophysical tests that we have performed to prove the proposed relation-ship scheme. We also present the evaluation of existing tone mapping methods with regard to these attributes. Our effort is not just useful to get into the tone mapping field or when implementing a tone mapping operator, but it also sets the stage for well-founded quality comparisons between tone mapping operators. By providing good defi-nitions of the different attributes, user-driven or fully auto-matic comparisons are made possible at all. 1
Dielectric relaxation properties of PMN-PT single crystals under hydrostatic pressure (2009)

The influences of hydrostatic pressure on the relation between dielectric constant (er) and temperature of PMN-PT single crystals have been studied. Dielectric frequency dispersion phenomenon of poled single crystals was observed under high hydrostatic pressure. It has been found from experimental results that the dielectric constant decreases quickly and the dielectric frequency dispersion is more notable when the hydrostatic pressure is higher.
Wound Healing Applications of Nanomaterials (2016)

This chapter first provides an overview of skin structure and its biological response to the tissue loss in wound healing process and reviews the classical and next‐generation scaffolds and materials that are used to minimize scar formation while accelerating the healing process. The chapter also provides a snapshot of the natural and synthetic biomaterials currently in clinical use in this field. Wound healing occurs in nearly all tissue types, and the order of events during the healing process is similar across different tissues. Natural materials are required to exhibit certain characteristics to be considered suitable for use as wound dressings. A large number of natural materials, such as collagen, gelatin, laminin, and chitin/chitosan, have been used as electrospun scaffolds for tissue engineering. Salient features of these materials are designed in an attempt to provide a desired niche for robust wound healing process.
Electron capture negative ion and positive ion chemical ionization mass spectrometry of polychlorinated phenoxyanisoles (1985)

Abstract Several polychlorinated phenoxyphenols with three to nine chlorine atoms were examined as their methyl ethers by electron capture negative ion and positive ion chemical ionization and electron impact mass spectrometry. In chemical ionization studies methane, hydrogen, nitrogen, helium and argon were used as reagent gases. Selected compounds were also examined with deuteriomethane, ammonia and deuterioammonia as reagent gases. Utilization of chemical ionization spectra in conjuction with electron impact spectra provides substantial structural information about these compounds. Chemical ionization spectra provide information about chlorine atom substitution. The position of phenoxy substitution can be established from electron capture negative ion and positive ion spectra.
Mesophotic Ecosystems: The Link between Shallow and Deep-Sea Habitats (2020)

Mesophotic ecosystems (MEs) are characterized by the presence of light-dependent organisms, found at depths ranging from ~30 to 150 m in temperate, subtropical and tropical regions. These communities occasionally create massive reef structures with diverse but characteristic morphologies, which serve as the framework builders of those ecosystems. In many localities, MEs are physically linked with shallow and deep-sea habitats, and while taxa from both environments share this space, a unique and endemic biodiversity is also found. The main MEs studied to date are the mesophotic coral ecosystems (MCEs) and the temperate mesophotic ecosystems (TMEs), which have received increased attention during the last decade. As shallow coral reef ecosystems are among the most threatened habitats on Earth, the potential of MEs to act as refugia and contribute to the resilience of the whole ecosystem has been a subject of scrutiny. New technologies and methods have become more available to study these deeper parts of the reef ecosystems, yielding many new discoveries. However, basic gaps in knowledge remain in our scientific understanding of the global diversity of MEs, limiting our ability to recognize biogeographic patterns and to make educated decisions for the management and conservation of these ecosystems.
Modulating substrate specificity of histone acetyltransferase with unnatural amino acids (2011)

Controlling the substrate specificity of enzymes is a major challenge for protein engineers. Here we explore the effects of residue-specific incorporation of ortho-, meta- and para-fluorophenylalanine (oFF, mFF, pFF) on the selectivity of human histone acetyltransferase (HAT) protein, p300/CBP associated factor (PCAF). Varying the position of the fluorine group in the phenylalanine ring confers different effects on the ability of PCAF to acetylate target histone H3 as well as non-histone p53. Surprisingly, pFF-PCAF exhibits an increase in activity for non-histone p53, while mFF-PCAF is selective for histone H3. These results suggest that global incorporation of unnatural amino acids may be used to re-engineer protein specificity.
Development and Characterization of Soy-Based Epoxy Foams (2006)

Epoxy foams have been developed using soy-based resin system synthesized at University of Missouri – Rolla. The soy-based resin system was developed by the process of transesterfication and epoxidation of soybean oil. A physical blowing agent was used to foam the soy-based resin. The performance of foams was evaluated by testing for compression in both parallel and perpendicular to rise direction. The tests were carried out at room temperature and at the elevated temperature. The compression properties showed a decreasing trend for increasing amounts of soy resin. The density and the thermal properties of the epoxy foams were also evaluated. The relation between the composition, density and properties of the foam was analyzed. Soy-based epoxy foams are potential low cost and environmentally benign materials for structural applications.
ChemInform Abstract: CARBANIONEN IN DER KOHLENHYDRAT‐CHEMIE, EINE NEUE METHODE ZUR KETTENVERLAENGERUNG (1971)

Abstract Die Ringöffnung terminaler Epoxide mit Carbanionen stellt eine neue und stereospezifische Methode zur Kettenverlängerung von Zuckern dar.
Design and Implementation of a Service-Oriented Architecture for the Optimization of Industrial Applications (2013)

A novel architecture for the field of industrial automation is described, the goals of which are: 1) computation of optimal production plans; 2) automated usage of the optimized plans; 3) flexibility and reusability at development and maintenance; and 4) seamless transition from current practice to the approach introduced herein. The architecture consists of three main components: 1) a set of OPC unified architecture (UA) servers, which are used to model the information from the device level; 2) a set of services organized into two layers (basic and complex services), which act as a link between the first and the third layer; and 3) a constraint satisfaction problem (CSP) layer for the computation of production plans. Extensive performance tests motivate the choice of the service development framework, and prove the effectiveness of the special adapter software solution for the integration of current devices and the ability of the UA server to manage a high number of UA connections. As a proof-of-concept, the architecture has been tested for a real manufacturing problem composed of four flexible manufacturing systems. The results show that the architecture is able to efficiently control and monitor a real manufacturing process according to an optimized schedule with over 99% of the time spent on the manufacturing.
Mechanism of dewatering porous structures with supercritical carbon dioxide (2021)

Wet porous structures such as coal, paper, wood and sludge are dewatered by supercritical carbon dioxide (sCO2) by a combination of two processes. The free water is physically displaced by the CO2 whereas the bound water is solubilized by it. The degree of displacement is exclusively dictated by the viscosity of sCO2, which is strongly dependent on temperature. Displacement is the most efficient means of dewatering possible, and the relatively mild temperatures used in this application should lead to favorable industrial economics.
Small Head-to-Tail Macrocyclic α-Peptoids (2014)

A convenient and efficient methodology for the head-to-tail macrocyclization of small 3-mer, 4-mer, and 5-mer α-peptoid acids (9-, 12-, and 15-atom N-substituted glycine oligomers) is described. The cyclic trimer has a ccc amide sequence in the crystal structure, whereas the tetramer has ctct and the pentamer has ttccc stereochemistry. NMR analysis reveals rigid structures in solution. These synthetic macrocycles may prove useful in medicinal and materials applications.
Immune response to Shigella sonnei in U.S. Marines (1996)

Pre- and postdeployment serum samples obtained from U.S. marines in Operations Desert Shield and Desert Storm were tested for antibodies to Shigella sonnei. High predeployment levels of immunoglobulin A (IgA) and/or IgG antibodies to S. sonnei lipopolysaccharide antigen in serum and seroconversions were accompanied by higher IgA and/or IgG antibody response to Shigella invasion plasmids (Ipa). The results suggest exposure to S. sonnei in predeployment troops and frequent exposure to this bacterial agent during deployment.
Direct identification of human tumor-associated peptide antigens and a preclinical model to evaluate their use. (2000)

Although the arsenal of a healthy immune system includes both circulating antibodies and cellular components such as T cells, the latter seem to be particularly important in tumor immunology. Under normal conditions, the immune system does not react to the body's cells, which may be described as expressing "self" antigens on the cell surface. When a cell becomes cancerous, however, novel antigens are expressed on the cell surface. These novel "tumor" antigens are recognized as foreign by the body's immune system, and the cells that express them are destroyed or incapacitated. Whereas antibodies may react directly with protein antigens, T cells instead recognize peptide antigens presented by class I and class II molecules of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC). All cells normally break down proteins that they have made. The class I antigen-processing pathway has evolved to display peptides produced by this breakdown process as a way to provide information to cytotoxic T cells about what the cell is making. The display of new peptides as a result of infection or transformation can stimulate cytotoxic T cells to kill the cell. In addition, antigen-processing cells such as dendritic cells engulf dead or dying cells and degradeproteins into peptide fragments. These peptides are then displayed by the MHC class II molecules and presented to T helper cells, which augment the activity of the cytotoxic T cells. Cytotoxic T lymphocytes have recently been isolated from human tumors (especially melanoma) and are critical to the development of promising immunotherapeutic agents. As we shall discuss, these cells can recognize antigens that are common to tumors from different patients. We shall also explore how advances in instrumentation and the use of transgenic mice have increased our understanding of tumor-associated peptides to the point where we can begin to strive for a peptide-based therapeutic vaccine. The caveats for such therapy will also be addressed.
Clinical Evaluation of Lumiward Immunoassay System for Detection of Specific IgE Associated with Allergic Rhinitis (1998)

The detection of specific IgE is a critical prerequisite for both the definitive diagnosis and the therapeutic strategy of allergic rhinitis and other allergic disorders. The aim of the present study was thus to evaluate the clinical significance of the solid phase capture system (CAP) and the lumiward immunoassay system (LMD) in the diagnosis of allergic rhinitis due to Dermatophagoides farinae (D. farinae) and Japanese cedar (Cryptomeria japonica) pollens. The specificity of both the CAP and the LMD in the detection of D. farinae-specific IgE and Japanese cedar pollen-specific IgE was 100%. The sensitivity to detect D. farinae-specific IgE was 95.76% in the skin test, 86.53% in the CAP and 88.53% in the LMD, respectively. The combination of the nasal provocation test and the CAP substituted for the skin test resulted in correct diagnoses for 98.25% of the patients, and the combination of the nasal provocation test and the LMD substituted for the skin test resulted in correct diagnoses for 98.00% of the patients. Therefore, the diagnostic significance of the LMD for perennial allergic rhinitis is likely to be equal to that of the CAP. The sensitivity to detect Japanese cedar pollen-specific IgE was 94.50% in the skin test, 84.47% in the CAP, and 96.76% in the LMD, respectively. The sensitivity of the CAP in the detection of Japanese cedar pollen-specific IgE was inferior to that of the skin test, but the sensitivity of the LMD in the detection of pollen-specific IgE was somewhat superior to that of the skin test. In addition, the combination of the nasal provocation test and the CAP substituted for the skin test resulted in correct diagnoses for 98.38% of the patients, whereas the combination of the nasal provocation test and the LMD substituted for the skin test resulted in correct diagnoses for 100% of the patients. Therefore, the diagnostic significance of the LMD for seasonal allergic rhinitis due to Japanese cedar pollens is probably larger than that of the CAP. In conclusion, the LMD may be a better "gold standard" for the detection of Japanese cedar pollen-specific IgE than the skin test, and the combination of the nasal provocation test and the LMD is a better diagnostic tool for the detection of Japanese cedar pollen-induced seasonal allergic rhinitis than the combination of the nasal provocation test and the skin test or the CAP.
Beutetiere des Uhus Bubo bubo aus Karpaten und Lappland (1971)

(Uploaded by Plazi from the Biodiversity Heritage Library) No abstract provided.
ChemInform Abstract: A Remarkably Simple Hybrid Surfactant‐NHC Ligand, Its Gold‐Complex, and Application in Micellar Catalysis. (2015)

Abstract A combination of a NHC ligand and a structurally simple surfactant allows efficient Au‐Catalyzed hydration of alkenes in water.
Steric effects at C-20 and C-24 on the metabolism of sterols by Tetrahymena pyriformis. (1981)

Cultures of Tetrahymena pyriformis were incubated with various sterols and the extent of dehydrogenation at C-7 and C-22 was determined. The sterols incubated were desmosterol, 22-dehydrodesmosterol, 24-methyldesmosterol, 24 alpha-methylcholesterol (campesterol), 24-methylene-cholesterol, isohalosterol (26,27-bisnorcampesterol, also known as 24,24-dimethylchol-5-en-e beta-ol, a naturally occurring C26-sterol), and 20-isohalosterol. 20-Isohalosterol was not metabolized, while products with delta 7- and delta 22-bonds were formed from isohalosterol and all of the other sterols studied. This confirms an earlier conclusion, based on results with 20-isocholesterol and cholesterol, that inversion of the configuration from 20(R) to 20(S) completely prevents metabolism both in the nucleus and the side chain. On the other hand, changes in the electronics or stereochemistry at C-24 had a direct affect only on metabolism in the side chain. The presence of a methyl group at C-24 reduced the yield of metabolites with a delta 22-bond relative to those with a delta 7-bond producing an accumulation of 7-dehydro metabolite. A double bond at position-24 counteracted this steric effect, presumably by enhancing the rate of dehydrogenation, and a delta 24(28)-bond was more effect than was a delta 24(25)-bond.
Impact of an intratracheally applied recombinant Surfactant Apoprotein C on anaphylactic shock reactions in a guinea pig model of acute lung hypersensitivity (2005)

The effect of the intratracheal administration of the recombinant SP-C surfactant apoprotein (rSP-C) with phospholipids (PL) in comparison to an ovalbumin induced anaphylactic shock reaction was studied in guinea pigs lungs.