gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Open-Loop Characteristics of Magnetic Suspension Systems Using Electromagnets Mounted in a Planar Array (1998)

The open-loop characteristics of a Large-Gap Magnetic Suspension System (LGMSS) were investigated and numerical results are presented. The LGMSS considered provides five-degree-of-freedom control. The suspended element is a cylinder that contains a core composed of permanent magnet material. The magnetic actuators are air core electromagnets mounted in a planar array. Configurations utilizing five, six, seven, and eight electromagnets were investigated and all configurations were found to be controllable from coil currents and observable from suspended-element positions. Results indicate that increasing the number of coils has an insignificant effect on mode shapes and frequencies.
An anthropomorphic abdominal phantom for deformable image registration accuracy validation in adaptive radiation therapy (2017)

We have designed and constructed an anthropomorphic abdominal deformable phantom with satisfactory elastic property, realistic organ density, and anatomy. This physical phantom can be used for routine validations of DIR geometric accuracy and dose accumulation accuracy in ART.
Corrosion (1993)

Corrosion is the process of the spontaneous oxidation of a metal in which the cathodic reaction also takes place on the metal or on a surface in electronic contact with it. It is ubiquitous in the world. The fact that all metals, with the exception of gold, are thermodynamically unstable with respect to oxygen in acid solution means that the writing is on the wall for all our metallic artefacts. The fact that we have to put so much energy into extracting metals from their ores would suggest that at the first opportunity they head back to the stable warmth and comfort of an oxide. The cost of this thermodynamical inevitability is great for modern society. Cars rust away; oil rigs fall over; metals, wherever they are exposed to the atmosphere and moisture, suffer eventual degradation.
Enhancing Distraction Osteogenesis With Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polyether Ether Ketone Bone Pins and a Three-Dimensional Printed Transfer Device to Permit Artifact-Free Three-Dimensional Magnetic Resonance Imaging. (2020)

OBJECTIVES: To: (1) design an artifact-free 3D-printed MR-safe temporary transfer device, (2) engineer bone-pins from carbon fiber reinforced polyether ether ketone (CFR-PEEK), (3) evaluate the imaging artifacts of CFR-PEEK, and (4) confirm the osteointegration potential of CFR-PEEK, thus enhancing 3D-planning of bony advancements in hemifacial microsomia using sequential magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). STUDY DESIGN: Engineered CRF-PEEK bone pins and a 3D printed ex-fix device were implanted into a sheep head and imaged with MRI and computed tomography . The osseointegration and bony compatibility potential of CFR-PEEK was assessed with scanning electron microscopy images of MC3T3 preosteoblast cells on the surface of the material. RESULTS: The CFR-PEEK pins resulted in a signal void equivalent to the dimension of the pin, with no adjacent areas of MR-signal loss or computed tomography artifact. MCT3 cells adhered and proliferated on the surface of the discs by forming a monolayer of cells, confirming compatibility and osseointegration potential. CONCLUSION: A 3D printed transfer device could be utilized temporarily during MRI to permit artifact-free 3D planning. CFR-PEEK pins eliminate imaging artifact permitting sequential MRI examination. In combination, this has the potential to enhance distraction osteogenesis, by permitting accurate three-dimensional planning without ionizing radiation.
Acid sphingomyelinase promotes SGK1-dependent vascular calcification (2021)

In chronic kidney disease (CKD), hyperphosphatemia is a key factor promoting medial vascular calcification, a common complication associated with cardiovascular events and high mortality. Vascular calcification involves osteo-/chondrogenic transdifferentiation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), but the complex signaling events inducing pro-calcific pathways are incompletely understood. The present study investigated the role of acid sphingomyelinase (ASM)/ceramide as regulator of VSMC calcification. In vitro, both, bacterial sphingomyelinase and phosphate increased ceramide levels in VSMCs. Bacterial sphingomyelinase as well as ceramide supplementation stimulated osteo-/chondrogenic transdifferentiation during control and high phosphate conditions and augmented phosphate-induced calcification of VSMCs. Silencing of serum- and glucocorticoid-inducible kinase 1 (SGK1) blunted the pro-calcific effects of bacterial sphingomyelinase or ceramide. Asm deficiency blunted vascular calcification in a cholecalciferol-overload mouse model and ex vivo isolated-perfused arteries. In addition, Asm deficiency suppressed phosphate-induced osteo-/chondrogenic signaling and calcification of cultured VSMCs. Treatment with the functional ASM inhibitors amitriptyline or fendiline strongly blunted pro-calcific signaling pathways in vitro and in vivo. In conclusion, ASM/ceramide is a critical upstream regulator of vascular calcification, at least partly, through SGK1-dependent signaling. Thus, ASM inhibition by repurposing functional ASM inhibitors to reduce the progression of vascular calcification during CKD warrants further study.
Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor–Mediated Stat3 Signaling Blocks Apoptosis in Head and Neck Cancer (2000)

These findings provide evidence that constitutively activated Stat3 is linked to EGFR signaling in SCCHN in vivo, which contributes to the loss of growth control by an anti-apoptotic mechanism.
THE ROLE OF NATURAL CONVECTION DURING MELTING AND SOLIDIFICATION OF PCM IN A VERTICAL CYLINDER (1989)

Abstract Measurements of heat transfer during melting and solidfkation of n-eicosane and rt-hexadecane were performed in vertical cylinders with two different lengths and diameters. Radial temperature distibutions were measured with lime at different heights in all the tests. To evaluate the rate of heat charged and discharged from the cylinder at different heights, the data were recorded and processed directly usinj; on-line computer. A theoretical model was developed based on solving the one-dimensional unsteady heat conduction equation in both phases. Convection in the liquid was included using an effective thermal conductivity; a lumped parameter that includes also the effect of the two-dimensional heat transfer during melting. The model, which may be used for the prediction of both melting and solidfkation experiments, takes into account the effect of initial subcooling or superheating and includes the heat capacity of the cylinder containing the PCM. The agreement of the model was good not only with the experimental results of this work, but also with the published work of the others.
Lead-free solders for ribbon interconnection of crystalline silicon PERC solar cells with infrared soldering (2019)

We report about the analysis of Pb-free, low-temperature solders for the ribbon-interconnection of PERC solar cells with an industrial infrared stringer. Five solders (SnPb, SnBi-A, SnBi-B, SnBiAg and a proprietary lead-free, low-temperature (PLFLT) alloy) are characterized with differential scanning calorimetry to determine the melting and solidification temperature. It is found that SnBi-B, SnBiAg, and the PLFLT composition melt in a temperature range between 137 °C to 171 °C instead of a single temperature. Solidification occurs at a 3 K to 11 K lower temperature (undercooling). Mono-crystalline silicon PERC cells are contacted using an industrial stringer. The microstructure of the solder bonds is investigated with scanning electron microscopy. For the SnBi-A-solder, large and brittle Bi-phases are identified. The SnBi-B, SnBiAg and PLFLT solder show a finer grain structure. The added Ag in SnBiAg forms an intermetallic compound of Ag3Sn close to the Cu-core of the ribbon. The peel strength of the connected solar cells with the Pb-free solders is on average 1 N mm−1 or slightly higher. Some bonds show low adhesion. The observed fracture mode is mainly failure at the busbar metallization to solar cell irrespective of the solder type. However, the occasionally observed solder residues on the metallization clearly reveal brittle fracture for the Pb-free solders, which is not observed for SnPb. First reliability tests show similar degradation of 1 % to 2 % for all solders.
[Contact photoallergic eczema caused by ketoprofen]. (1996)

Ketoprofen is the predominant nonsteroid anti-inflammatory drug responsible for allergic and/or photoallergic contact dermatitis resulting from topic applications. Its prevalence is probably underestimated in France in light of the number of cases reported in certain Mediterranean countries. Cross reactive photoallergy to ketoprofen and fenofibrate can be explained by the common benzoly-ketone structure of these compounds. In case of skin reaction, the other drug should not be prescribed and benzophenone-containing cosmetics discouraged.
Oral Induction of the Secretory Antibody Response by Soluble and Particulate Antigens (1984)

The ability of gastric intubation of a soluble or a particulate form of dinitrophenylated bovine gamma-globulin (DNP-BGG) to induce salivary IgA antibody was examined. Gastric intubation of the particulate form of the antigen tended to induce a greater response than did equivalent doses of the soluble form. However, systemic immunization with the soluble form of the antigen prior to gastric intubation of antigen increased the salivary IgA response. Prior systemic injection of the particulate form did not increase the salivary IgA response. Immunoreactivity of the particulate moiety of the particulate antigen did not seem to be a factor in the observed differences, since three different synthetic particulate antigens with identical hapten-protein moieties produced the same results (i.e. prior injection with the synthetic particulate antigens did not increase the salivary IgA response).
Synthesis of Carbon Nanotube - Metal Nanowire Hybrid Structures for High Power Supercapacitor Applications (2008)

Abstract not Available.
Impact of Lattice Strain on Evolving Structure and Growth Process of Quaterrylene Thin Films (2011)

We investigated the growth of quaterrylene thin films on substrates with different surface energy: silicon dioxide (SiO2) and an octadecyltrichlorosilane self-assembled monolayer (OTS-SAM). We clearly elucidated that a lattice strain induced by the molecular-substrate interaction was essential factor for determining overall growth process and evolving structures. Surface modification by SAMs drastically changed the overall growth process from a Stranski-Krastanov (S-K) mode (layer-plus-island) on the SiO2 surface to a Frank-van der Merwe (F-M) mode (layer-by-layer) on the OTS surface. Detailed structural analysis by X-ray diffraction techniques revealed that the S-K mode was induced by lattice strain in the initial wetting layers on the SiO2 surface. On the other hand, strain-free initial layers were already formed at the beginning of growth on the OTS surface, thereby suppressing island formation. Moreover, the films on the SiO2 surface were found to incorporate high microstrain driven by crystal defects such as dislocations and a mosaic structure. In contrast, few crystal defects were present in the films on OTS surface, demonstrating that OTS treatment efficiently improves the molecular alignment.
Bifurcation phenomena in Taylor–Couette flow with buoyancy effects (1988)

A numerical study has been conducted to determine the various modes of Taylor–Couette flow that exist between concentric vertical cylinders, as the aspect ratio Γ (height to gap width, H / d ) and the Reynolds number Re (based on the inner cylinder speed) are varied. Furthermore, the effects of the introduction of buoyancy on the development of the flow are examined. This is accomplished by considering both cylinders to be isothermal, with the rotating inner cylinder at a higher temperature than the stationary outer cylinder. Results are presented for a wide range of the Grashof number Gr (based on the temperature difference Δ T across the annular gap). The structure of the Taylor vortices is observed to be distorted considerably with the buoyant flows, and the nature of the onset and subsequent development of the vortices is altered. The hysteresis between the different modes of cellular flow, characteristic of the bifurcation phenomena, is also substantially modified.
World image matching as a technique for degraded text recognition (2003)

A technique is presented that determines equivalences between word images in a passage of text. A clustering procedure is applied to group visually similar words. Initial hypotheses for the identities of words are then generated by matching the word groups to language statistics that predict the frequency at which certain words will occur. This is followed by a recognition step that assigns identifications to the images in the clusters. This paper concentrates on the clustering algorithm. A clustering technique is presented and its performance on a running text of 1062 word images is determined. It is shown that the clustering algorithm can correctly locate groups of short function words with better than a 95 percent correct rate.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Transcaval Valve-in-Valve-in-Valve Aortic Valve Replacement for Bioprosthetic Valve Degeneration (2018)

A 74-year-old man presented with progressive dyspnea on exertion. History included peripheral arterial disease and coronary artery bypass grafting with aortic valve replacement 12 years ago. Subsequently, the surgical valve developed severe stenosis and moderate insufficiency. He underwent a transapical valve-in-valve transcatheter aortic valve replacement 5 years before presentation. This second valve developed a mean gradient of 66 mm Hg with mild insufficiency. The patient was treated with a third aortic valve using an alternative transcaval approach, significantly alleviating his symptoms.
CO2 Foam: Results From Four Developmental Field Trials (1995)

Summary Four pattern-scale CO2-foam field trials were conducted to determine the effectiveness of foam in reducing CO2 channeling, to evaluate the economic potential of the process, and to develop application criteria and procedures. The trials were conducted under various process and geologic conditions so that the resulting technology would be applicable in a number of different CO2 floods. Two different surfactants, Rhodapex (formerly Alipal) CD-128 and Chaser CD-1045, and two injection methods, alternating vs. coinjection of CO2 and surfactant, were tested in San Andres (west Texas) and platform carbonate (southeast Utah) reservoirs. In all, 161,000 Ibm of active surfactant was injected in the four field trials, with one well undergoing foam treatment for as long as 18 months. The treatments resulted in a significant reduction in gas production and indications of increased oil production. The total cost of the four treatments (excluding labor and overhead) was $700,000.
Deep Vein Thrombosis Prevention in Orthopaedic Trauma Patients (1991)

s Presented at the Sixth Annual Meeting of the Orthopaedic Trauma Association: Toronto, Canada, November 7–10, 1990: PDF Only
Effective bandwidth based scheduling for streaming media (2005)

We propose a class of rate-distortion optimized packet scheduling algorithms for streaming media by generating a number of nested substreams, with more important streams embedding less important ones in a progressive manner. Our goal is to determine the optimum substream to send at any moment in time, using feedback information from the receiver and statistical characteristics of the video. To do so, we model the streaming system as a queueing system, compute the run-time decoding failure probability of a group of picture in each substream based on effective bandwidth approach, and determine the optimum substream to be sent at that moment in time. We evaluate our scheduling scheme with various video traffic models featuring short-range dependency (SRD), long-range dependency (LRD), and/or multifractal properties. From experiments with real video data, we show that our proposed scheduling scheme outperforms the conventional sequential sending scheme.
Multi trigger responsive, surface active lipid nanovesicle aerosols for improved efficacy of paclitaxel in lung cancer (2012)

The present study focuses on the development of multi-trigger responsive surface active lipid nanovesicles encapsulating paclitaxel with the hypothesis that pulmonary surfactant mimetic lipid vesicles sensitive to temperature and enzyme simultaneously will offer synergistic advantage towards improved therapeutic efficacy of paclitaxel via aerosol administration. The nanovesicles showed a unimodal size distribution of the particles (100-150 nm) and high encapsulation efficiency of paclitaxel (82%). Triggered release of paclitaxel was observed at ∼42 °C in the presence of secretory phospholipase A(2) enzyme with maximum release observed with both the triggers used simultaneously. Since these nanovesicles are intended for aerosol administration in the treatment of lung cancer, they were engineered to have high surface activity and airway patency, in order to mimic pulmonary surfactant functions. High deposition of nanovesicles in the lower impingement chamber of a twin impinger upon nebulization suggested them to be capable of reaching the terminal regions of the lungs. Nanovesicles showed facilitated and ATP dependent active uptake by A549 cells. The cytotoxic potential of the nanovesicles was significantly increased upon simultaneous use of both the triggers with an IC(50) of 49.3 nM. Overall, these studies suggest the therapeutic potential and advantages of multi trigger responsive lipid nanovesicles with encapsulated paclitaxel over that of the commercially available form of paclitaxel namely Taxol, and suggests the feasibility of aerosol administration in the treatment of lung cancer and pulmonary metastasis.
Computer-generated holographic optical elements on photopolymers (1994)

This work is devoted to the development of diffractive and quasidiffractive optical elements characterized by the microrelief height ranging from several microns up to 180 (mu) k. The technology of the synthesis is based on a novel physical phenomenon of the substance mass- transfer taking place in liquid photopolymerizable compositions (LPC). Using the proposed method, we fabricated and tested the focusators of laser radiation with a microrelief height of 7.5 (mu) k and the raster elements with quasidiffractive microlenses for the white light.
<title>Folded-cavity surface-emitting distributed feedback 1.39-um wavelength InGaAsP/InP laser diodes for gas-sensing applications</title> (1996)

We have demonstrated distributed-feedback, 1.39 micrometer wavelength InGaAsP/InP, multiple-quantum-well, folded-cavity surface-emitting, laser diodes with a low threshold current of 25 mA. These devices have greater than 45 dB side-mode suppression. Their wavelength tunes continuously with current over an interval of 1.5 angstrom at a rate of 0.11 angstrom/mA (-1.7 GHz/mA). These devices are useful for two-dimensional spectroscopic gas-sensing applications. Employing these compact lasers, we have detected atmospheric water-vapor at 1.3925 micrometer.
Investigation of thermal transport in composites and ion beam irradiated materials for nuclear energy applications (2016)

Abstract
ChemInform Abstract: Towards Intelligent Engineering of SOFC Electrodes: Advanced Microstructural Characterization Techniques (2012)

Abstract Review: 134 refs.
Electron microscope observations on LH-induced oocyte maturation in Japanese quail ( Coturnix coturnix japonica ) (1993)

The aim of this study was to describe the temporal sequence of ultrastructural changes in the boundary between the preovulatory oocyte and its surrounding follicular wall during maturation induced by injection of LH. Female Japanese quail were injected with ovine LH (20 micrograms per bird) 10-12 h before the expected time of ovulation. The largest and second largest follicles were excised before or 1, 2, 4 or 6 h after injection. The oocyte and the surrounding follicular wall were processed for observations using light and electron microscopy. Before injection of LH, cytoplasmic projections of granulosa cells interdigitated with microvilli on the surface of the oocyte and formed spot desmosomes and gap junctions with the oolemma. Two hours after injection of LH, the germinal vesicles in the largest but not in the second largest follicles began to break down and membrane-bound vesicles increased in number and size in the surrounding germinal disc. The junctions between the oocyte surface and the granulosa cell projections started to dissociate and a perivitelline space began to develop, possibly as the result of an accumulation of fluids transported from the capillary sinus in the theca interna. The first maturation spindle was formed 4 h after injection of LH, whereas the first polar body and the second maturation spindle were formed 6 h after LH stimulation. These observations suggest that the dissociation of connections between the oocyte and granulosa cells 2 h after exposure to increased concentration of LH is the first process of oocyte maturation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Ventricular Reconstruction Results in Improved Left Ventricular Function and Amelioration of Mitral Insufficiency (2002)

We conclude that the Dor procedure results in improvement in the left ventricular function. Furthermore, we also note that this procedure ameliorates mitral regurgitation in a majority of these patients even in the absence of associated mitral valve procedures, probably due to reduction in the size of the ventricle and improved orientation of the papillary muscles.
Zur Metallierung von Benzylphosphinen (1978)

Abstract Es werden Umsetzungen verschieden substituierter Benzylphosphine mit vorzugsweise n‐Butyllithium beschrieben, wobei in Abhängigkeit der Susbstituenten o‐ und α‐Metallierungen sowie nucleophile Substitution am phosphor beobachtet werden. Die erhaltenen, bifunktionellen Organometallderivate werden chemisch und spektroskopisch näher charakterisiert.
Hybrid Si-GaAs photonic crystal cavity for lasing and bistability (2023)

The heterogeneous integration of silicon with III-V materials provides a way to overcome silicon's limited optical properties toward a broad range of photonic applications. Hybrid modes are a promising way to integrate such heterogeneous Si/III-V devices, but it remains unclear how to utilize these modes to achieve photonic crystal cavities. Herein, using 3D finite-difference time-domain simulations, we propose a hybrid Si-GaAs photonic crystal cavity design that operates at telecom wavelengths and can be fabricated without requiring careful alignment. The hybrid cavity consists of a patterned silicon waveguide that is coupled to a wider GaAs slab featuring InAs quantum dots. We show that by changing the width of the silicon cavity waveguide, we can engineer the hybrid modes and control the degree of coupling to the active material in the GaAs slab. This provides the ability to tune the cavity quality factor while balancing the device's optical gain and nonlinearity. With this design, we demonstrate cavity mode confinement in the GaAs slab without directly patterning it, enabling strong interaction with the embedded quantum dots for applications such as low-power-threshold lasing and optical bistability (156 nW and 18.1 µW, respectively). This heterogeneous integration of an active III-V material with silicon via a hybrid cavity design suggests a promising approach for achieving on-chip light generation and low-power nonlinear platforms.