gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Gender-preferential text mining of e-mail discourse (2003)

This paper describes an investigation of authorship gender attribution mining from e-mail text documents. We used an extended set of predominantly topic content-free e-mail document features such as style markers, structural characteristics and gender-preferential language features together with a support vector machine learning algorithm. Experiments using a corpus of e-mail documents generated by a large number of authors of both genders gave promising results for author gender categorisation.
Relative rates ofBmeson decays intoψ(2S)andJ/ψmesons (2009)

From Physical Review D, Vol.79(11), 111102, available online: http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.79.111102. Copyright ??2009 by American Physical Society.
ChemInform Abstract: Texture in Thin Film Silicides and Germanides: A Review (2016)

Abstract Review: 169 refs.
A crayfish molar tooth protein with putative mineralized exoskeletal chitinous matrix c properties (2015)

Some crustaceans possess exoskeletons that are reinforced with calcium carbonate. In the crayfish Cherax quadricarinatus, the molar tooth, which is part of the mandibular exoskeleton, contains an unusual crystalline enamel-like apatite layer. As this layer resembles vertebrate enamel in composition and function, it offers an interesting example of convergent evolution. Unlike other parts of the crayfish exoskeleton, which is periodically shed and regenerated during the molt cycle, molar mineral deposition takes place during the pre-molt stage. The molar mineral composition transforms continuously from fluorapatite through amorphous calcium phosphate to amorphous calcium carbonate and is mounted on chitin. The process of crayfish molar formation is entirely extracellular and presumably controlled by proteins, lipids, polysaccharides, low-molecular weight molecules and calcium salts. We have identified a novel molar protein termed Cq-M15 from C. quadricarinatus and cloned its transcript from the molar-forming epithelium. Its transcript and differential expression were confirmed by a next-generation sequencing library. The predicted acidic pI of Cq-M15 suggests its possible involvement in mineral arrangement. Cq-M15 is expressed in several exoskeletal tissues at pre-molt and its silencing is lethal. Like other arthropod cuticular proteins, Cq-M15 possesses a chitin-binding Rebers-Riddiford domain, with a recombinant version of the protein found to bind chitin. Cq-M15 was also found to interact with calcium ions in a concentration-dependent manner. This latter property might make Cq-M15 useful for bone and dental regenerative efforts. We suggest that, in the molar tooth, this protein might be involved in calcium phosphate and/or carbonate precipitation.
Hierarchical Multiscale Simulation of Electrokinetic Transport in Silica Nanochannels at the Point of Zero Charge (2006)

Effects of nanoscale confinement and partial charges that stem from quantum calculations are investigated in silica slit channels filled with 1 M KCl at the point of zero charge by using a hierarchical multiscale simulation methodology. Partial charges of both bulk and surface atoms from ab initio quantum calculations that take into account bond polarization and electronegativity are used in molecular dynamics (MD) simulations to obtain ion and water concentration profiles for channel widths of 1.1, 2.1, 2.75, and 4.1 nm. The interfacial electron density profiles of simulations matched well with that of recent X-ray reflectivity experiments. By simulating corresponding channels with no partial charges, it was observed that the partial charges affect the concentration profiles and transport properties such as diffusion coefficients and mobilities up to a distance of about 3 sigma(O)(-)(O) from the surface. Both in uncharged and partially charged cases, oscillations in concentration profiles of K(+) and Cl(-) ions give rise to an electro-osmotic flow in the presence of an external electric field, indicating the presence of an electric double layer at net zero surface charge, contrary to the expectations from classical continuum theory. I-V curves in a channel-bath system using ionic mobilities from MD simulations were significantly different for channels with and without partial charges for channel widths less than 4.1 nm.
What could have caused pre-industrial biomass burning emissions to exceed current rates? (2013)

Abstract. Recent studies based on trace gas mixing ratios in ice cores and charcoal data indicate that biomass burning emissions over the past millennium exceeded contemporary emissions by up to a factor of 4 for certain time periods. This is surprising because various sources of biomass burning are linked with population density, which has increased over the past centuries. We have analysed how emissions from several landscape biomass burning sources could have fluctuated to yield emissions that are in correspondence with recent results based on ice core mixing ratios of carbon monoxide (CO) and its isotopic signature measured at South Pole station (SPO). Based on estimates of contemporary landscape fire emissions and the TM5 chemical transport model driven by present-day atmospheric transport and OH concentrations, we found that CO mixing ratios at SPO are more sensitive to emissions from South America and Australia than from Africa, and are relatively insensitive to emissions from the Northern Hemisphere. We then explored how various landscape biomass burning sources may have varied over the past centuries and what the resulting emissions and corresponding CO mixing ratio at SPO would be, using population density variations to reconstruct sources driven by humans (e.g., fuelwood burning) and a new model to relate savanna emissions to changes in fire return times. We found that to match the observed ice core CO data, all savannas in the Southern Hemisphere had to burn annually, or bi-annually in combination with deforestation and slash and burn agriculture exceeding current levels, despite much lower population densities and lack of machinery to aid the deforestation process. While possible, these scenarios are unlikely and in conflict with current literature. However, we do show the large potential for increased emissions from savannas in a pre-industrial world. This is mainly because in the past, fuel beds were probably less fragmented compared to the current situation; satellite data indicates that the majority of savannas have not burned in the past 10 yr, even in Africa, which is considered "the burning continent". Although we have not considered increased charcoal burning or changes in OH concentrations as potential causes for the elevated CO concentrations found at SPO, it is unlikely they can explain the large increase found in the CO concentrations in ice core data. Confirmation of the CO ice core data would therefore call for radical new thinking about causes of variable global fire rates over recent centuries.
In vivo visualization of actin dynamics and actin interactions by BiFC (2007)

The method of bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC) enables selective visualization of protein interactions. While BiFC complex formation under in vitro conditions is considered to be essentially irreversible, there are hints that under in vivo conditions BiFC complex formation can be reversible. In the present study we used the BiFC method to visualize in vivo actin cytoskeleton dynamics. We demonstrate that in living cells formation of actin/actin BiFC complexes is reversible. Furthermore, we show heterologous binding between actin and protein kinase C delta (PKCdelta). Treatment with phorbol esters caused translocation of actin/PKCdelta complexes from the cytosol to the plasma membrane independent of an intact actin cytoskeleton. Our experiments demonstrate that the BiFC method might be a useful tool to investigate participation of the actin cytoskeleton in regulation of cell function.
Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty in Singapore General Hospital in 1995: a medical audit. (1997)

The audit confirms the importance of a high volume PTCA cases to achieve excellent results. The data serve as a useful background for future comparison of outcomes.
The Use of Iodinated RNA for Gene Localization (1973)

Carrier-free iodination of 5S RNA with (125)I yields a probe suitable for use in cytological RNA-DNA hybridization studies. The genes coding for 5S ribosomal RNA in Drosophila could be localized by autoradiography after a 2-day exposure, whereas a 2-month exposure is needed when the best available [(3)H]RNA is used. The procedure introduces one covalently bound (125)I atom per 100 nucleotides, resulting in a specific activity of over 10(8) dpm/mug of RNA. The method may be readily applied to other problems involving molecular hybridization techniques.
Understanding Node Localizability of Wireless Ad-hoc Networks (2010)

Location awareness is highly critical for wireless ad-hoc and sensor networks. Many efforts have been made to solve the problem of whether or not a network can be localized. Nevertheless, based on the data collected from a working sensor network, it is observed that the network is NOT always entirely localizable. Theoretical analyses also suggest that, in most cases, it is unlikely that all nodes in a network are localizable, although a (large) portion of the nodes can be uniquely located. Existing studies merely examine whether or not a network is localizable as a whole; yet two fundamental questions remain unaddressed: First, given a network configuration, whether or not a specific node is localizable? Second, how many nodes in a network can be located and which are them? In this study, we analyze the limitation of previous works and propose a novel concept of node localizability. By deriving the necessary and sufficient conditions for node localizability, for the first time, it is possible to analyze how many nodes one can expect to locate in sparsely or moderately connected networks. To validate this design, we implement our solution on a real-world system and the experimental results show that node localizability provides useful guidelines for network deployment and other location-based services.
The Lq$L^q$ spectrum of self‐affine measures on sponges (2023)

Abstract In this paper, a sponge in is the attractor of an iterated function system consisting of finitely many strictly contracting affine maps whose linear part is a diagonal matrix. A suitable separation condition is introduced under which a variational formula is proved for the spectrum of any self‐affine measure defined on a sponge for all . Apart from some special cases, even the existence of their box dimension was not proved before. Under certain conditions, the formula has a closed form which in general is an upper bound. The Frostman and box dimension of these measures is also determined. The approach unifies several existing results and extends them to arbitrary dimensions. The key ingredient is the introduction of a novel pressure function which aims to capture the growth rate of box counting quantities on sponges. We show that this pressure satisfies a variational principle which resembles the Ledrappier–Young formula for Hausdorff dimension.
Faculty Opinions recommendation of An important role for type III interferon (IFN-lambda/IL-28) in TLR-induced antiviral activity. (2008)

Type III IFNs (IFN-lambda/IL-28/29) are cytokines with type I IFN-like antiviral activities, which remain poorly characterized. We herein show that most cell types expressed both types I and III IFNs after TLR stimulation or virus infection, whereas the ability of cells to respond to IFN-lambda was restricted to a narrow subset of cells, including plasmacytoid dendritic cells and epithelial cells. To examine the role of type III IFN in antiviral defense, we generated IL-28Ralpha-deficient mice. These mice were indistinguishable from wild-type mice with respect to clearance of a panel of different viruses, whereas mice lacking the type I IFN receptor (IFNAR(-/-)) were significantly impaired. However, the strong antiviral activity evoked by treatment of mice with TLR3 or TLR9 agonists was significantly reduced in both IL-28RA(-/-) and IFNAR(-/-) mice. The type I IFN receptor system has been shown to mediate positive feedback on IFN-alphabeta expression, and we found that the type I IFN receptor system also mediates positive feedback on IFN-lambda expression, whereas IL-28Ralpha signaling does not provide feedback on either type I or type III IFN expression in vivo. Finally, using bone-marrow chimeric mice we showed that TLR-activated antiviral defense requires expression of IL-28Ralpha only on nonhemopoietic cells. In this compartment, epithelial cells responded to IFN-lambda and directly restricted virus replication. Our data suggest type III IFN to target a specific subset of cells and to contribute to the antiviral response evoked by TLRs. PMID: 18250457
Rate-Compatible LDPC Codes Based on Puncturing and Extension Techniques for Short Block Lengths (2014)

In this paper, we investigate novel strategies for generating rate-compatible (RC) irregular low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes with short/moderate block lengths. We propose three puncturing and two extension schemes, which are designed to determine the puncturing positions that minimize the performance degradation and the extension that maximize the performance. The first puncturing scheme employs a counting cycle algorithm and a grouping strategy for variable nodes having short cycles of equal length in the Tanner Graph (TG). The second scheme relies on a metric called Extrinsic Message Degree (EMD) and the third scheme is a simulation-based exhaustive search to find the best puncturing pattern among several random ones. In addition, we devise two layer-structured extension schemes based on a counting cycle algorithm and an EMD metric which are applied to design RC-LDPC codes. Simulation results show that the proposed extension and puncturing techniques achieve greater rate flexibility and good performance over the additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channel, outperforming existing techniques.
Measurement of the CKM angle $\gamma$ using $B^0 \rightarrow D K^{*0}$ with $D \rightarrow K^0_S \pi^+ \pi^-$ decays (2016)

A model-dependent amplitude analysis of the decay $B^0\rightarrow D(K^0_S\pi^+\pi^-) K^{*0}$ is performed using proton-proton collision data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 3.0fb$^{-1}$, recorded at $\sqrt{s}=7$ and $8 TeV$ by the LHCb experiment. The CP violation observables $x_{\pm}$ and $y_{\pm}$, sensitive to the CKM angle $\gamma$, are measured to be \begin{eqnarray*} x_- &=& -0.15 \pm 0.14 \pm 0.03 \pm 0.01, \\y_- &=& 0.25 \pm 0.15 \pm 0.06 \pm 0.01, \\x_+ &=& 0.05 \pm 0.24 \pm 0.04 \pm 0.01, \\y_+ &=& -0.65^{+0.24}_{-0.23} \pm 0.08 \pm 0.01, \end{eqnarray*} where the first uncertainties are statistical, the second systematic and the third arise from the uncertainty on the $D\rightarrow K^0_S \pi^+\pi^-$ amplitude model. These are the most precise measurements of these observables. They correspond to $\gamma=(80^{+21}_{-22})^{\circ}$ and $r_{B^0}=0.39\pm0.13$, where $r_{B^0}$ is the magnitude of the ratio of the suppressed and favoured $B^0\rightarrow D K^+ \pi^-$ decay amplitudes, in a $K\pi$ mass region of $\pm50 MeV$ around the $K^*(892)^0$ mass and for an absolute value of the cosine of the $K^{*0}$ decay angle larger than $0.4$.
Mechanical Properties of Brittle Materials and Their Single Fracture under Dynamic Loading (1973)

ガラス質試料と天然産試料8種類を用いて力学的性質を調べたととろ, 1) 圧縮強度, ヤング率は荷重速度と共に増大レ, ポアソン比は減少する。また高速荷重下における球圧壊試験により, 2) 球圧壊強度, 増加比表面積も荷重速度と共に増大するが, 破砕表面エネルギーは荷重速度の増大に伴い減少してその値は104ergs/cm2のオーダ-であり, 3) 球形試験片の破砕産物の粒度分布はG-M-H分布関数によって表しうることがわかった。
Topological localization based on key-frames selection and vocabulary tree for mobile robots (2013)

It is significant to realize topological localization for improving the ability of autonomous navigation for mobile robots in the unstructured environment. In this paper, we introduce vocabulary tree technique, which is popular and has been applied successfully in pattern recognition community, to the topological self-localization for mobile robots, and propose a topological localization algorithm based on key-frames selection and vocabulary tree. In the off-line phase for building robot's topological map, we firstly propose a key-frames selection algorithm based on vocabulary tree, and pick up distinctive and discriminative keyframes. Then we extract local visual features from key-frames to build a vocabulary tree again, and obtain feature vectors which can sparsely represent local visual features of key-frames through vocabulary tree. These vectors are considered as the nodes of the topological map. In the on-line localization phase, we draw on a method of image retrieval based on vocabulary tree to realize robot self-localization. Finally, we use the COLD database to perform topological localization experiments, choose the local visual feature which is robust and can be run in real-time, and determine the best algorithm parameters. The effectiveness of the proposed algorithm is validated by the experimental results.
Methods of Summing Crosstalk From Mixed Sources— Part II: Performance Results (2002)

In free-space optical communication links, atmospheric tur- bulence causes fluctuations in both the intensity and the phase of the re- ceived light signal, impairing link performance. In this paper, we describe several communication techniques to mitigate turbulence-induced log-am- plitude fluctuations (i.e., signal intensity fading) in the regime in which the receiver aperture is smaller than the turbulence coherence diameter , and the observation interval is smaller than the turbulence coher- ence time . We assume that the receiver has no knowledge of the in- stantaneous fading state. When the receiver knows only the marginal sta- tistics of the fading, a symbol-by-symbol maximum-likelihood (ML) de- tector can be used to improve detection performance. If the receiver has knowledge of the joint temporal statistics of the fading, maximum-likeli- hood sequence detection (MLSD) can be employed, yielding a further per- formance improvement, but at the cost of very high complexity. Spatial diversity reception with multiple receivers can also be used to overcome turbulence-induced fading. We describe the use of ML detection in spatial diversity reception to reduce the diversity gain penalty caused by coher- ence among the multiple receivers. In a companion paper, we describe two reduced-complexity implementations of the MLSD, which make use of a single-step Markov chain model for the fading correlation in conjunction with per-survivor processing. Abstract—In this paper, a novel robust noncoherent receiver for min- imum mean-squared error (MMSE) interference suppression for direct se- quence code-division multiple access (DS-CDMA) is proposed. The receiver consists of a linear MMSE filter and a decision-feedback differential de- tector (DF-DD). The performance of the proposed scheme is investigated analytically and by computer simulations. It is shown that the loss com- pared to coherent MMSE interference suppression is limited and can be made arbitrarily small by increasing the observation window used for cal- culation of the reference symbol of the DF-DD. Hence, the regarded non- coherent receiver is near-far resistant. For adjustment of the MMSE filter coefficients, three noncoherent adaptive algorithms are proposed. In con- trast to coherent adaptive algorithms, these noncoherent algorithms have the important advantage that they also converge if the channel phase is time-variant.
Cycloadditionen mit Azabenzolen, XII. Reaktionen von 1,2,4‐Triazinen mit Acetylendicarbonsäuredimethylester (1977)

Abstract Reaktion der 1,2,4‐Triazine 1b—1e mit Acetylendicarbonsäure‐dimethylester ( 2 ) ergibt die Pyrrolo[2.1‐ f ][1,2,4]triazine 5b—5f . Bei der Umsetzung von 1b mit 2 ohne Lösungsmittel wurden neben 5b auch das Pyrido[2.1‐ f ][1,2,4]triazin 7c und das [1,3]Oxazino[2,3‐ f ][1,2,4]‐triazin 11 erhalten.
The matricellular protein CCN1 controls retinal angiogenesis by targeting VEGF, Src homology 2 domain phosphatase-1 and Notch signaling (2015)

Physiological angiogenesis depends on the highly coordinated actions of multiple angiogenic regulators. CCN1 is a secreted cysteine-rich and integrin-binding matricellular protein required for proper cardiovascular development. However, our understanding of the cellular origins and activities of this molecule is incomplete. Here, we show that CCN1 is predominantly expressed in angiogenic endothelial cells (ECs) at the leading front of actively growing vessels in the mouse retina. Endothelial deletion of CCN1 in mice using a Cre-Lox system is associated with EC hyperplasia, loss of pericyte coverage and formation of dense retinal vascular networks lacking the normal hierarchical arrangement of arterioles, capillaries and venules. CCN1 is a product of an immediate-early gene that is transcriptionally induced in ECs in response to stimulation by vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). We found that CCN1 activity is integrated with VEGF receptor 2 (VEGF-R2) activation and downstream signaling pathways required for tubular network formation. CCN1-integrin binding increased the expression of and association between Src homology 2 domain-containing protein tyrosine phosphatase-1 (SHP-1) and VEGF-R2, which leads to rapid dephosphorylation of VEGF-R2 tyrosine, thus preventing EC hyperproliferation. Predictably, CCN1 further brings receptors/signaling molecules into proximity that are otherwise spatially separated. Furthermore, CCN1 induces integrin-dependent Notch activation in cultured ECs, and its targeted gene inactivation in vivo alters Notch-dependent vascular specification and remodeling, suggesting that functional levels of Notch signaling requires CCN1 activity. These data highlight novel functions of CCN1 as a naturally optimized molecule, fine-controlling key processes in physiological angiogenesis and safeguarding against aberrant angiogenic responses.
Comparative histological and immunohistochemical changes of dry type cutaneous leishmaniasis after administration of meglumine antimoniate, imiquimod or combination therapy. (2011)

Meglumine antimoniate decreases parasite load with considerable effect on up-regulation of T-cells, which demonstrates that meglumine antimoniate works as parasitocidal and immunomodulator, which could be a first line of treatment. Imiquimod accentuates the host immune response and reduces granuloma size which could be effective immunomodulator for combination therapy. Monotherapy of imiquimod is less effective than the two other regimens in decreasing parasite load, inflammation and congestion at the inoculated site.
[Cloning and expression of a biotinylated multiple-epitope HCV fusion antigen gene]. (2004)

The aim was to develop a single multiple-epitope fusion antigen which incorporates all of the major immunodominant epitopes from the six functional regions of the HCV genome. A nucleic acid sequence consisting of viral core, E1, E2, NS3, NS4, and NS5 regions was constructed and inserted into the Promega Pinpoint Xa-1 T vector for inducing expression. The protein was expressed in JM109 (DE3) as a fusion protein with a 13 kD biotinlated tag to be used for detection and affinity purification. Immunogenicity and biotinylated tag of the fusion protein were detected by Western blot analysis with positive anti-HCV serum and streptavidin alkaline phosphatase. After purified by Promega SoftLink Soft Release Avidin Resin, the protein was pre-coated on microwell and detected with anti-core, anti-NS3, anti-NS4 and anti-NS5 positive sera by EIA, respectively. The results indicated that the recombinant soluble protein was expressed and labelled with biotin successfully, it reacted with anti-HCV positive serum, and exposed all of the major immunogenic epitopes chosen. In conclusion, this recombinant antigen may be used to design an double antigen sandwich anti-HCV immunoassay.