gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Expected Performance of Traversal Algorithms in Binary Trees (1985)

The paper compares expected performance measures for common traversal algorithms operating on threaded and unthreaded binary trees, under the assumption that the trees are selected from the distribution induced by random insertions. The results are shown to be similar to those derived in an earlier paper for binary trees selected from the uniform distribution.
Factors from the Paraventricular Nucleus Mediate Inhibitory Effect of Alpha-2-Adrenergic Drugs on ACTH Secretion (1993)

The controversy about putative stimulatory and inhibitory functions of catecholamines in regulation of ACTH secretion has been recently shifted towards a consensus that during stress catecholamines stimulate corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF-41) containing neurons through alpha 1-adrenoreceptors, while inhibiting their own secretion acting on presynaptic alpha 2-receptors. In this study the effect of the alpha 2-agonist clonidine and the antagonist CH-38083 was studied on exogenous CRF-41/AVP-induced ACTH secretion in rats with/without paraventricular nucleus lesion. Clonidine (30 micrograms/kg) attenuated CRF-41/AVP (1 pmol/10 pmol)-induced ACTH secretion in sham-operated rats, but was ineffective in reducing CRF-41/AVP-induced ACTH secretion in rats with paraventricular nucleus lesion. In sham-operated rats, alpha 2-receptor antagonist CH-38083 slightly elevated the basal, and significantly potentiated the CRF-41/AVP-induced ACTH secretion, while it had no effect on the hypophyseotropic cocktail-induced ACTH response in paraventricular-lesioned rats. Neither the agonist nor the antagonist affected CRF-41/AVP-induced ACTH release from pituitary fragments in vitro. These results suggest that in response to activation of alpha 2-adrenoreceptors a corticotropin release-inhibiting substance is released from the paraventricular nucleus.
On the security of pairing-based non-interactive designated verifier proofs of undeniable signature schemes (2012)

Since the introduction of undeniable signature schemes, various proof systems with different properties and features have been introduced to be incorporated in the structure of undeniable signature schemes. Nonetheless, the non-interactive designated verifier proof system of Jakobsson et al. with its distinguishing properties and features was recognized as the most practical proof system. Due to its interesting features, a variation of Jakobsson et al. proof system has been employed in all of the proposed identity-based and certificateless undeniable signature schemes. We analyze the security of the variation of such proof system in the identity-based setting, and present a secure pairing-based non-interactive proof system with complete set of security proofs.
On multiplicative update with forgetting factor adaptive step size for least mean-square algorithms (2018)

This paper deals with a new adaptive step-size overlay dedicated to Least Mean-Square (LMS) algorithms for noise cancellation with reference. LMS algorithms are often used in real-time estimations due to their robustness and simplicity, and are guided by their constant step size. Their transient and asymptotic performances are both linked to the step size, which leads to the well-known trade-off between speed and accuracy. In this paper, we propose a LMS algorithm with a new self-adaptive overlay based on a Multiplicative Update with Forgetting Factor (LMS-MUFF). The adaptive overlay improves the speed and the reactivity of the algorithm. In order to tune the algorithm parameters, we express the scalar case semi-analytical relationship between the LMS-MUFF parameters and a false-alarm probability, as defined from unwanted variations in the step-size during the asymptotic mode. We compare our method to reference methods in the literature and show that it offers better speed and reactivity with the same asymptotic performance.
Quantitative Analysis of Dislocations in 4H-SiC Wafers Using Synchrotron X-Ray Topography with Ultra-High Angular Resolution (2022)

The wide band gap semiconductor, 4H-SiC, is a promising material for high-power and high-temperature devices due to its outstanding physical properties. Unlike Silicon, defects in 4H-SiC still cannot be completely eliminated even using the latest crystal growth techniques. These defects can be detrimental to the devices and it is important to investigate their properties. The non-destructive characterization technique, X-ray topography (XRT), has been developed over several decades and widely applied to study the crystallographic features of various materials. The utilization of a Si (331) beam conditioner together with a Si (111) double-crystal monochromator (DCM) enables the angular resolution of XRT to be increased by an order of magnitude compared to grazing incidence topography (GIT) or back reflection topography conducted with the DCM alone. This improved technique with extremely small beam divergence is referred to as synchrotron X-ray plane-wave topography (SXPWT). In this study, we will show that the rocking curve width of 4H-SiC 0008 in PWT is only 2.5ʹʹ and thus the lattice distortion at the scale of 1ʹʹ will significantly affect the diffracted intensity. Herein, we report the ultra-high angular resolution in SXPWT enables the detailed probe of the lattice distortion outside the dislocation core in 4H-SiC where the sign of the Burgers vector can be readily determined (Fig. 1). Additionally, dynamical theory of X-ray diffraction was applied to calculate the rocking curve (reflectivity) in SXPWT, and the ray tracing simulation was modified accordingly to calculate the dislocation images under any diffraction conditions. Figure 1
Advanced NGS-mode control in NFIRAOS using split-tomography (2011)

Controllers based on simple and double integrators are compared to Linear-Quadratic-Gaussian controllers for the Natural-Guide Star loop of NFIRAOS, the 1st light multi-conjugate Adaptive Optics facility for the Thirty Meters Telescope.
Quantitative Tradeoffs between Spatial, Temporal, and Thermometric Resolution of Nonresonant Raman Thermometry for Dynamic Experiments (2014)

The ratio of Stokes to anti-Stokes nonresonant spontaneous Raman can provide an in situ thermometer that is noncontact, independent of any material specific parameters or calibrations, can be multiplexed spatially with line imaging, and can be time resolved for dynamic measurements. However, spontaneous Raman cross sections are very small, and thermometric measurements are often limited by the amount of laser energy that can be applied without damaging the sample or changing its temperature appreciably. In this paper, we quantitatively detail the tradeoff space between spatial, temporal, and thermometric accuracy measurable with spontaneous Raman. Theoretical estimates are pinned to experimental measurements to form realistic expectations of the resolution tradeoffs appropriate to various experiments. We consider the effects of signal to noise, collection efficiency, laser heating, pulsed laser ablation, and blackbody emission as limiting factors, provide formulae to help choose optimal conditions and provide estimates relevant to planning experiments along with concrete examples for single-shot measurements.
Internal Erosional Behaviour of Lignosulfonate Treated Dispersive Clay (2009)

Internal erosional behaviour of lignosulfonate treated dispersive clay has been studied using the Process Simulation Apparatus for Internol Crack Erosion (PSAICE) designed and built at UOw. Effectiveness of Iignosulfonate treated dispersive clay on the erosion resistance has been investigated and its advantage over traditional admixtures is presented. Test results show that the hydraulic shear stress increases with increase in the amount of lignosulfonate. In addition, the micro-chemical analysis has been carried out using FTIR. Based on the Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectroscopy results a stabilization mechanism has been proposed for lignosulfonate treated dispersive soil.
Tissue plasminogen activator improved function at 6 and 12 months after ischemic stroke (2000)

Source Citation Kwiatkowski TG, Libman RB, Frankel M, et al. Effects of tissue plasminogen activator for acute ischemic stroke at one year. National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke Recombinant Tissue Plasminogen Activator Stroke Study Group. N Engl J Med. 1999;340:1781-7. 10362821
Carrageenan nasal spray may double the rate of recovery from coronavirus and influenza virus infections: re-analysis of randomized trial data (2020)

Abstract Carrageenan is a sulfated polysaccharide that has been extensively used in food products. Since the 1980s, carrageenan has been shown to prevent infections due to several viruses in cell cultures, including rhinoviruses which cause the common cold. In animal studies it prevented mortality caused by influenza A. Carrageenan is generally regarded as safe by the FDA. This individual patient data meta-analysis examined the datasets of two randomized placebo-controlled trials which investigated the effect of carrageenan separately on children and adults. In both trials, iota-carrageenan was administered nasally 3 times per day for 7 days for patients with the common cold and follow-up lasted for 21 days. Nasal carrageenan increased the recovery rate from all colds by 54% (95% CI 15% to 105%; P = 0.003). The increase in recovery rate was 140% in coronavirus infections, 119% in influenza A infections, and 70% in rhinovirus infections. We used quantile regression to calculate the effect of carrageenan on colds of differing lengths, by dividing the distribution into 5 quintiles. The mean duration of colds in the placebo groups of the first four quintiles were 4.0, 6.8, 8.8 and 13.7 days, respectively. The fifth quintile contained patients with censored data. The 13.7-day colds were shortened by 3.8 days (28% reduction), and 8.8-day colds by 1.3 days (15% reduction). Carrageenan had no meaningful effect on shorter colds. In the placebo group, 21 patients had colds that lasted over 20 days, compared with 6 patients in the carrageenan group. This corresponds to a 71% (P = 0.003) reduction in the risk of longer colds. Finally, in the placebo group, 37 patients had recurring cold symptoms after first being cured, compared with 16 in the carrageenan group. This corresponds to a 56% (P = 0.002) reduction in the risk of recurring symptoms. Given that carrageenan has an effect on diverse virus groups, and its demonstrated effects on two old coronaviruses, it seems plausible that nasal carrageenan may also have an effect on the new coronavirus SARS-CoV-2. Further research on nasal iota-carrageenan is warranted.
Investigations of the bonding mechanism at the joining region of a steel sandwich sheet (2002)

A steel sandwich sheet was produced by a high temperature dipping process. An unalloyed steel was used as substrate and an alloyed steel as coating. At the interface of the sandwich sheet a good bonding between the two different steels could be achieved by a bonding process, which was caused by the formation of a diffusion induced liquid phase. Since the bonding is connected to the formation of the liquid phase at the interface, this is similar to a conventional welding process. This welding process was investigated at the interface of well and partially bonded specimens. Based on these investigations the bonding mechanism could be explained.
Proliferation of ramified microglia on an astrocyte monolayer: Characterization of stimulatory and inhibitory cytokines (1997)

Proliferation of ramified microglia is a common phenomenon in brain pathology, but little is known about how this is regulated. In the current study, we examined the effect of different cytokines on the proliferation of ramified microglia in vitro using a combination of autoradiography for [3H]-thymidine and immunocytochemical techniques. Ramified microglia were obtained using a 10-day co-culture on top of a confluent astrocyte monolayer. Addition of macrophage colony-stimulating factor (MCSF), granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GMCSF), and interleukin-3 (IL3), stimulated the proliferation of ramified microglia, with a 7.2-fold, 3.5-fold, and 1.5-fold increase, respectively. Of all the other cytokines tested (IL1, IL2, IL4, IL6, IL10, interferon-γ (IFNγ), leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα) only IL1 strongly enhanced proliferation. However, this effect of IL1 was indirect and could be neutralized by antibodies against MCSF and GMCSF. IL2, IL4, IL10, TNFα, and IFNγ inhibited microglial proliferation. The great number of inhibitory cytokines could point to the importance of containing microglial proliferation in the central nervous system. J. Neurosci. Res. 49:248–254, 1997. © 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Incorporation of nano-sized zeolites in membranes (2000)

The first incorporation of nano-sized zeolites in membranes is reported and polydimethylsiloxane membranes filled with colloidal silicalite-1 are applied in the pervaporation of ethanol–water mixtures.
The first successful direct metallation of ethene (1986)

Vinyl potassium was formed directly from ethene by use of a new butyl-lithium–potassium t-butoxide–tetramethylethylenediamine metallating reagent; typical products were obtained with 1-bromo-octane and, after addition of LiBr in tetrahydrofuran, with benzaldehyde and diphenyl disulphide.
On the Failure of Upscaling the Single-Collector Efficiency to the Transport of Colloids in an Array of Collectors (2017)

Defining the removal efficiency of a filter is a key aspect for colloid transport in porous media. Several efforts were devoted to derive accurate correlations for the single-collector removal efficiency, but its upscaling to the entire porous medium is still a challenging topic. A common approach involves the assumption of deposition being independent of the history of transport, that is, the collector efficiency is uniform along the porous medium. However, this approach was shown inadequate under unfavorable deposition conditions. In this work, the authors demonstrate that it is not adequate even in the simplest case of favorable deposition. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations were run in a vertical array of 50 identical spherical collectors. Particle transport was numerically solved by analyzing a broad range of parameters. The results evidenced that when particle deposition is not controlled by Brownian diffusion, nonexponential concentration profiles are retrieved, in contrast with the assumption of uniform efficiency. If sedimentation and interception dominate, the efficiency of the first sphere is significantly higher compared to the others, and then declines along the array down to an asymptotic value. Finally, a correlation for the upscaled removal efficiency of the entire array was derived
Nanotechnology of Metal Quantum Dots Epitaxial Structures for Semiconductor Based Solar Cells (2014)

It is proposed to utilize liquid phase epitaxy for GaAs and GaP structures with metal quantum dots by the pulse cooling and heating of the solution-melt. Metals such as ytterbium and calcium are evaluated as potential candidate for a material that experienced metal-semiconductor transition due to stress caused by the difference in thermal expansion between substrate and metal.
ChemInform Abstract: THE RING CLOSURE OF 5‐METHYLCYCLOPENTA‐1,3‐DIEN‐5‐YLCARBENE TO 1‐METHYLBENZVALENE. AN INTRAMOLECULAR 1,4 CHELETROPIC CARBENE ADDITION (1980)

Abstract Bei der Behandlung mit tert.‐Butylat und Butyllithium erhält man aus dem 5‐Methyl‐5‐chlormethyl‐cyclopentadien (Ib), das aus dem Carbinol (Ia) zugänglich ist, das Carben (II), das zu Toluol (IV) und Methyl‐benzvalen (III) reagiert.
Kinetic Theory of Wave Propagation. II. Binary Gas Mixtures (1971)

Solutions to the problems of forced and free wave propagation in binary gas mixtures are presented which were obtained using the discrete ordinate method. The governing equations for the mixtures are the model equations proposed by Hamel. The solution is in excellent agreement with existing experimental data.
Advances in prostate-specific membrane antigen PET of prostate cancer (2018)

Molecular imaging with PSMA PET continues to pave the way for personalized medicine in PCa.However, large prospective clinical studies are still needed to fully evaluate the role of PSMA PET/CT and PET/MRI in the clinical workflow of PCa.
Simultaneous Application of Alloderm, Split-Thickness Skin Graft, and Negative Pressure Dressing at Radial Forearm Free Flap Donor Sites (2006)

The radial forearm free flap is still one of the most popular flaps of choice for head and neck reconstruction. It is thin, easy to handle, and has a reliable vascular anatomy and supply. Donor sites may be closed primarily with small-sized flaps, leaving an acceptable scar. But in cases where donor sites are not closed primarily, skin graft is inevitable. This may lead to problems such as scars, delayed healing of the graft when tendons are exposed, and prolonged immobilization of the wrist after the skin graft procedure. This paper introduced a method combining the use of dermal allograft, split-thickness skin graft, and negative pressure to address the problems mentioned.
ChemInform Abstract: Organic Chemistry in Water. Part 2. Nucleophilic Addition of Water‐Soluble Phosphines on Activated Olefins. (1989)

Abstract The triphenylphosphine trisulfonate (I) reacts in D 2 O with the unsaturated acids (II) to yield the hydrosoluble phosphonium salts (III), which may serve as precursors of the water‐soluble deuterated phosphine oxides (IV).
Transcriptional regulation of proline biosynthesis in Medicago truncatula reveals developmental and environmental specific features (2004)

The model legume plant Medicago truncatula accumulates free proline in response to hyperosmotic stress as do many other organisms. In order to analyse the transcriptional regulation of proline biosynthesis in M. truncatula, three cDNAs encoding Delta(1)-pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthetase (P5CS1, P5CS2; EC not assigned) and ornithine delta-aminotransferase (OAT; EC 2.6.1.13) were isolated. The cDNAs shared high homologies with the other plant sequences and genomic organization analysis indicated the presence of two P5CS and two putative OAT genes. The two P5CS genes showed differing transcript level regulation according to organs and in response to osmotic stress. MtP5CS1 steady-state transcript levels in the different plant organs were correlated with proline levels but transcript abundance was unaffected by osmotic stresses. MtP5CS2 transcripts were poorly detected in all organs but were strongly accumulated in shoots of salt-stressed plants. We suggest a specific of MtP5CS1 and MtP5CS2 as a housekeeping product and as a stress specific isoform, respectively. MtOAT transcripts were predominantly detected in roots and shoots of unstressed plants. Salt-stress treatment induced the accumulation of MtOAT transcripts in the whole plant whatever the developmental stage. In salt-stressed roots, a positive correlation was found between proline and MtOAT transcript accumulation. These results suggest that both ornithine and glutamate biosynthesis pathways contribute to the osmotic stress-induced proline accumulation in M. truncatula.
Synthesis of Ultra-Thin Single Crystal MgO/Ag/MgO Multilayer for Controlled Photocathode Emissive Properties (2015)

Photocathode emission properties are critical for electron beam applications such as photoinjectors for free electron lasers (FEL) and energy recovery Linacs (ERL). We investigate whether emission properties of photocathodes can be manipulated through the engineering of the surface electronic structure. The multilayers described here have been predicted to have emission properties in correlation with the film thickness. This paper describes how ultra-thin multilayered MgO/Ag/MgO films in the crystallographic orientations (001) and (111) multilayers were synthesized and characterized. Preliminary results of work function measurements are provided. Films were grown by pulsed laser deposition at 130 °C for the (001) orientation and 210 °C for the (111) orientation at a background pressure of ~ 5×10⁻⁹ Torr. Epitaxial growth was monitored in-situ using reflection high-energy electron diffraction, which showed single crystal island growth for each stage of the multilayer formation. Photoelectron spectroscopy was used to track the chemical state transition from Ag to MgO during the deposition of successive layers. The Kelvin probe technique was used to measure the change in contact potential difference, and thus work function, for various MgO layer thicknesses in comparison with bare single crystal Ag(001)and Ag(111) thin films. The work function was observed to reduce with increasing thickness of MgO from 0 to 4 monolayers as much as 0.89 eV and 0.72 eV for the (001) and (111) orientations, respectively. Photoelectron spectra near the Fermi level revealed electron density shifts toward zero binding energy for the multilayered surfaces with respect to the clean Ag surfaces.
Abstract 17966: First In Man Transendocardial Injection of Autologous AdiPose-deRived StEm Cells in Patients with Non RevaScularizable IschEmic Myocardium (PRECISE) (2010)

Background: Stem cells from various origins have been tested in patients with IHD ranging from AMI to ischemic heart failure, including those from bone marrow, skeletal muscle, and blood. We present the first-in-man study to assess the safety and feasibility of autologous adipose-derived regenerative cells (ADRCs) delivered transendocardialy in patients with non revascularizable ischemic myocardium. Methods: 27 patients with no option for revascularization were randomized (3:1) to receive 44±17 × 106 of ADRCs or placebo. Up to 540 mL of subcutaneous adipose tissue was harvested from the abdomen using minimally invasive liposuction procedures, and ADRCs were obtained by Cytori's proprietary extraction, washing and concentration methods (the CelutionTM system). Feasibility endpoints (infarct size measured by MRI as percent of LV infracted and peak VO2) were evaluated at baseline and 6 months. Post-hoc comparisons were made using Student's t-test or repeated measures ANOVA. Results: There were no adverse eve...
Rational Development of a Carrier-Free Dry Powder Inhalation Formulation for Respiratory Viral Infections via Quality by Design: A Drug-Drug Cocrystal of Favipiravir and Theophylline (2022)

Formulating pharmaceutical cocrystals as inhalable dosage forms represents a unique niche in effective management of respiratory infections. Favipiravir, a broad-spectrum antiviral drug with potential pharmacological activity against SARS-CoV-2, exhibits a low aqueous solubility. An ultra-high oral dose is essential, causing low patient compliance. This study reports a Quality-by-Design (QbD)-guided development of a carrier-free inhalable dry powder formulation containing a 1:1 favipiravir-theophylline (FAV-THP) cocrystal via spray drying, which may provide an alternative treatment strategy for individuals with concomitant influenza infections and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease/asthma. The cocrystal formation was confirmed by single crystal X-ray diffraction, powder X-ray diffraction, and the construction of a temperature-composition phase diagram. A three-factor, two-level, full factorial design was employed to produce the optimized formulation and study the impact of critical processing parameters on the resulting median mass aerodynamic diameter (MMAD), fine particle fraction (FPF), and crystallinity of the spray-dried FAV-THP cocrystal. In general, a lower solute concentration and feed pump rate resulted in a smaller MMAD with a higher FPF. The optimized formulation (F1) demonstrated an MMAD of 2.93 μm and an FPF of 79.3%, suitable for deep lung delivery with no in vitro cytotoxicity observed in A549 cells.