gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
In vitro lung cancer multicellular tumor spheroid formation using a microfluidic device (2019)

The purpose of this study was to demonstrate self-organizing in vitro multicellular tumor spheroid (MCTS) formation in a microfluidic system and to observe the behavior of MCTSs under controlled microenvironment. The employed microfluidic system was designed for simple and effective formation of MCTSs by generating nutrient and oxygen gradients. The MCTSs were composed of cancer cells, vascular endothelial cells, and type I collagen matrix to mimic the in vivo tumor microenvironment (TME). Cell culture medium was perfused to the microfluidic device loaded with MCTSs by a passive fluidic pump at a constant flow rate. The dose response to an MMPs inhibitor was investigated to demonstrate the effects of biochemical substances. The result of long-term stability of MCTSs revealed that continuous perfusion of cell culture medium is one of the major factors for the successful MCTS formation. A continuous flow of cell culture medium in the in vitro TME greatly affected both the proliferation of cancer cells in the micro-wells and the sustainability of the endothelial cell-layer integrity in the lumen of microfluidic channels. Addition of MMP inhibitor to the cell culture medium improved the stability of the collagen matrix by preventing the detachment and shrinkage of the collagen matrix surrounding the MCTSs. In summary, the present constant flow assisted microfluidic system is highly advantageous for long-term observation of the MCTS generation, tumorous tissue formation process and drug responses. MCTS formation in a microfluidic system may serve as a potent tool for studying drug screening, tumorigenesis and metastasis.
Novel Approaches to the Cryopreservation of Human Spermatozoa: History and Development of the Spermatozoa Vitrification Technology (2011)

Cryobiology is very intensively applied in reproductive and veterinary medicine for preservation of gametes, embryos and reproductive tissues. Sub-zero temperatures combined with appropriate cryoprotective agents preserve the physiological and reproductive functions of the cells making long-term storage possible without loss of viability. With the use of cryoprotective agents it has become possible to develop cryopreservation techniques, such as the slow conventional freezing and vitrification that are in use in the present times. In slow controlled-rate conventional freezing extracellular ice crystals are formed whereas in vitrification no ice crystals are formed. Glass formation is compatible with the survival of the cell and the preservation of its intracellular structures provided the type(s) and concentrations of cryoprotectant used are not chemo- or osmotoxic. However, irrespective of the type of cooling method employed the cryosurvival of cells and tissues is influenced by the size and maturity of cells, amounts of intracellular water, quality and quantity of intracellular lipids, type of cells, their function and morphology. The intracellular milieu of cryopreserved cells and tissues remain less understood. The application of nanotechnology may help reveal and help advance our knowledge of the cryobiological principles involved in cryosurvival. At this moment the methods of cryopreservation that merit further investigation are vitrification and lyophilization. Vitrification is cheap if reagents are prepared in-house and the procedure can be performed rapidly. It has been successfully applied for gametes and embryos (of different stages of development), and reproductive cells/tissues, somatic cells and stem cells. However, vitrification is more demanding technically and requires operation and storage at sub-zero temperatures. On the other hand lyophilization deserves further investigation because it is a cheaper form of cryopreservation that may enable cryostorage at less demanding temperatures of 4°C and may even allow transport at ambient temperature. These possibilities are explored in this review.
Dendritic Cytoskeletal Protein Expression in Mental Retardation: An Immunohistochemical Study of the Neocortex in Rett Syndrome (2000)

Many syndromes associated with mental retardation (MR) are characterized by cortical dendritic anomalies. Despite their morphological similarity, these changes appear to involve different stages of dendritic development. The neuronal cytoskeleton, which includes microfilaments, neurofilaments and microtubules, is essential for these developmental processes. Levels and phosphorylation of microtubule-associated proteins (MAPs), which stabilize microtubules, seem to determine different stages of dendritic formation with certain MAPs (e.g. MAP-2) appearing to mediate the effects of external modulators upon these processes. Early studies on neuronal cytoskeleton in MR, which have shown a selective reduction in MAP-2 expression, have focused on Rett syndrome (RS). Here, by a semiquantitative immunohistochemical analysis of the pericentral cortex, we examine the contribution of specific neuronal populations to these changes in cytoskeletal proteins. Decreased MAP-2 staining in RS was more marked in layers V-VI, while increased nonphosphorylated neurofilament immunoreactivity was found in layers II-III in RS. Age-related increases in dendritic MAP-2 immunoreactivity in layers V-VI were also absent in RS. The specificity of these cytoskeletal protein changes, their significance for RS pathogenesis and plasticity, as well as their implications for other MR-associated disorders, are also discussed.
Area-speed tradeoffs for hierarchical field-programmable gate arrays (1996)

No abstract available.
Novel Classification of Ischemic Heart Disease Using Artificial Neural\n Network (2020)

Ischemic heart disease (IHD), particularly in its chronic stable form, is a\nsubtle pathology due to its silent behavior before developing in unstable\nangina, myocardial infarction or sudden cardiac death. Machine learning\ntechniques applied to parameters extracted form heart rate variability (HRV)\nsignal seem to be a valuable support in the early diagnosis of some cardiac\ndiseases. However, so far, IHD patients were identified using Artificial Neural\nNetworks (ANNs) applied to a limited number of HRV parameters and only to very\nfew subjects. In this study, we used several linear and non-linear HRV\nparameters applied to ANNs, in order to confirm these results on a large cohort\nof 965 sample of subjects and to identify which features could discriminate IHD\npatients with high accuracy. By using principal component analysis and stepwise\nregression, we reduced the original 17 parameters to five, used as inputs, for\na series of ANNs. The highest accuracy of 82% was achieved using meanRR, LFn,\nSD1, gender and age parameters and two hidden neurons.\n
An Automatic Network Travel Time System - ANTTS (1991)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Organizations responsible for road systems and the management of traffic, require comprehensive information concerning the traffic carrying performance of their networks. Link travel time is an essential parameter required to effectively pin-point trouble spots both for immediate use and for planning and reporting purposes. Until recently, travel time has been measured on an ad hoc basis, usually manually by measuring travel time from a moving vehicle.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;The Roads and Traffic Authority of New South Wales, Australia (RTA), decided that more reliable and comprehensive data was needed to fulfil its minimum requirements. A design and development program was put in place to evolve a system to provide the required data in the most economical way. The paper describes the alternatives considered and details the reasons for selection of the chosen technology. The ANTTS system elements are described and some results of a pilot study are presented.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;While ANTTS was designed primarily to do its main function well, its communication capability allows easy enhancement to cover other IVHS functions such as position specific incident and congestion information broadcasting. These proposed enhancements to the system are described.&lt;/div&gt;
Trafficking of ThermoTRP Channels (2014)

ThermoTRP channels (thermoTRPs) define a subfamily of the transient receptor potential (TRP) channels that are activated by changes in the environmental temperature, from noxious cold to injurious heat. Acting as integrators of several stimuli and signalling pathways, dysfunction of these channels contributes to several pathological states. The surface expression of thermoTRPs is controlled by both, the constitutive and regulated vesicular trafficking. Modulation of receptor surface density during pathological processes is nowadays considered as an interesting therapeutic approach for management of diseases, such as chronic pain, in which an increased trafficking is associated with the pathological state. This review will focus on the recent advances trafficking of the thermoTRP channels, TRPV1, TRPV2, TRPV4, TRPM3, TRPM8 and TRPA1, into/from the plasma membrane. Particularly, regulated membrane insertion of thermoTRPs channels contributes to a fine tuning of final channel activity, and indeed, it has resulted in the development of novel therapeutic approaches with successful clinical results such as disruption of SNARE-dependent exocytosis by botulinum toxin or botulinomimetic peptides.
How to use and assess qualitative research methods (2020)

This paper aims to provide an overview of the use and assessment of qualitative research methods in the health sciences. Qualitative research can be defined as the study of the <i>nature</i> of phenomena and is especially appropriate for answering questions of <i>why</i> something is (not) observed, assessing complex multi-component interventions, and focussing on intervention improvement. The most common methods of data collection are document study, (non-) participant observations, semi-structured interviews and focus groups. For data analysis, field-notes and audio-recordings are transcribed into protocols and transcripts, and coded using qualitative data management software. Criteria such as checklists, reflexivity, sampling strategies, piloting, co-coding, member-checking and stakeholder involvement can be used to enhance and assess the quality of the research conducted. Using qualitative in addition to quantitative designs will equip us with better tools to address a greater range of research problems, and to fill in blind spots in current neurological research and practice.
Design of a large heat lift 40 K to 80 K pulse tube cryocooler for space applications (2007)

A Large heat lift Pulse Tube Cooler (LPTC) is under development in partnership with AL/\nDTA, CEA/SBT and THALES Cryogenics. The engineering model is expected to provide 2.3 W at 50 K at a 10 °C rejection temperature and 160 watts of electrical input power to the compressor. The split coaxial design of the pulse tube cold finger and the moving magnet linear motor compressor design will be presented. The expected thermal and mechanical performances will be also discussed. The engineering model will be delivered to ESA/ESTEC in October 2006 after completion of a qualification test program. This work is funded by the European Space Agency (ESA/ESTEC Contract N° 8433/04/NL/AR) for future earth observation instrument missions.
Reaction Mechanism of Human DNA Repair Excision Nuclease (1996)

Nucleotide excision repair consists of removal of the damaged nucleotide(s) from DNA by dual incision of the damaged strand on both sides of the lesion, followed by filling of the resulting gap and ligation. In humans, 14-16 polypeptides are required for the dual incision step. We have purified the required proteins to homogeneity and reconstituted the dual incision activity (excision nuclease) in a defined enzyme/substrate system. The system was highly efficient, removing >30% of the thymine dimers under optimal conditions. All of the six fractions that constitute the excision nuclease were required for dual incision of the thymine dimer substrate. However, when a cholesterol-substituted oligonucleotide was used as substrate, excision occurred in the absence of the XPC-HHR23B complex, reminiscent of transcription-coupled repair in the XP-C mutant cell line. Replication protein A is absolutely required for both incisions. The XPG subunit is essential to the formation of the preincision complex, but the repair complex can assemble and produce normal levels of 3'-incision in the absence of XPF-ERCC1. Kinetic experiments revealed that the 3'-incision precedes the 5'-incision. Consistent with the kinetic data, uncoupled 5'-incision was never observed in the reconstituted system. Two forms of TFIIH were used in the reconstitution reaction, one containing the CDK7-cyclin H pair and one lacking it. Both forms were equally active in excision. The excised oligomer dissociated from the gapped DNA in a nucleoprotein complex. In total, these results provide a detailed account of the reactions occurring during damage removal by human excision nuclease.
2A2-A07 Walking Support by Vibrotactile Stimuli against Lower Limb Joints : First Report:Development of Recording and Reproducing Equipment of Vibration Propagation on Legs during Gait(Tactile and Force Sensing (2)) (2013)

Humans control their movement based on the environmental information obtained from various sensory systems. Although it is generally known that deep sensation coordinates the control of the movement, it is assumed that cutaneous sensation also has some functions on the motor control. This means that decline of cutaneous sensation can be a possible cause of fall of walking capability. Our objective is to develop a new walking support technology using vibrotactile simulations on the lower limbs. In this paper, we developed a wearable recording and reproducing equipment of vibration propagation on legs during gait.
Use of Quinclorac Plus 2,4-D for Controlling Field Bindweed (Convolvulus arvensis) in Fallow (1999)

Field studies were conducted in Colorado, Kansas, and Wyoming to compare the use of quinclorac plus 2,4-D with picloram plus 2,4-D, dicamba plus 2,4-D, a glyphosate plus 2,4-D premix, and 2,4-D alone for control of field bindweed ( Convolvulus arvensis ) in a winter wheat ( Triticum aestivum )-fallow rotation. Treatments were applied in late summer or fall each year for two, three, or four consecutive years at the beginning and end of each fallow period. Evaluations were taken 10 to 12 mo after treatment each year. Quinclorac plus 2,4-D and picloram plus 2,4-D consistently performed as well as or better than 2,4-D, dicamba plus 2,4-D, and glyphosate plus 2,4-D. Wheat yields increased when field bindweed was controlled during the fallow period. Strong correlations ( r &gt; −0.85) were obtained among visual field bindweed evaluation, biomass, and stand count data.
Association between lymphoma and melanoma: report of a single-center series of eight patients and a review of the literature (2006)

Epidemiologic studies have reported an association between lymphoid neoplasia and melanoma. However, the clinical characteristics, medical history and outcome of patients presenting both diseases have not been clearly described. Patients who developed both lymphoma and melanoma at the Institut Curie between 1970 and 2005 were included in this retrospective study. Patient characteristics were analysed and a review of all previously published cases was then performed. The eight patients of our series and those derived from a review of the literature resulted in a population of 70 patients. The male/female sex ratio was greater than 1. Patients were older than 50 years. The mean interval to the second malignancy was 5 years and 13 years for lymphoma and melanoma, respectively. Most patients had an indolent B-cell lymphoma and localized melanoma. Frequent skin involvement was reported for T-cell lymphoma. Chemotherapy or external radiation therapy frequently preceded the second malignancy. Patients with lymphoma and melanoma should be closely monitored to detect the appearance of a second malignancy. Further studies are therefore warranted to elucidate this peculiar association.
My“魏”决战35天 (2012)

终于又哭又笑又唱又跳地欣赏完了魏晨4.30演唱会,当晚的精彩自不必多说,大家肯定已经用尽各种方法一睹舞王风采了。殊不知,当谢幕的那一刻,晨晨才是真正的万般思绪涌上心头,2年的准备,三个月的备战,35天的冲刺……也许,你只有看过我们魏晨演唱会集训35天的影像回放,才能真正地感受这一场My Way盛宴。
The effect of acute hemiplegia on intercostal muscle activity (1988)

We recorded the EMG of parasternal intercostal muscles in 25 patients with flaccid hemiplegia during quiet spontaneous breathing, voluntary hyperventilation, and CO2-induced hyperventilation. The respiratory drive was abnormal on the hemiplegic side and the function of the intercostal muscles was affected specifically during voluntary hyperventilation.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Langmuir Isotherms of Difluorostearic Acids. (1998)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
The electronic business card: an experiment in half-dead hypertext (1995)

Abstract Half-dead hypertext has links where the user has to do some work to retrieve the destination nodes (for example mount a CD-ROM or send an email message). Also, response times may be so slow that users do not have the normal hypertext feeling of freely navigating an information space. This is in contrast to normal live hypertext where the nodes appear immediately upon activation of a link anchor and dead hypertext where the links are simple cross-references to material that is not available on the computer and thus cannot be retrieved at all. Half-dead hypertext can be used in cases where live links are technically difficult or impossible to support. One example is the electronic business card, which is a link to further information about its owner. Electronic business cards can be transmitted between personal digital assistants and will allow the recipient to link to much more extensive information than can be transmitted and stored on a PDA platform. Also, electronic business card links can be printed in brochures, research papers, and other non-electronic media from which access to the server can be made with human intervention.
Si/SiGe electron resonant tunneling diodes (2000)

Resonant tunneling diodes have been fabricated using strained-Si wells and strained Si0.4Ge0.6 barriers on a relaxed Si0.8Ge0.2 n-type substrate, which demonstrate negative differential resistance at 298 K. Peak current densities of 5 kA/cm2 with peak-to-valley current ratios of 1.1 have been achieved. Theoretical modeling of the structure demonstrates that the major current peak results from the tunneling of light-mass electrons from the relaxed substrate and not from the heavy-mass electrons in the emitter accumulation layer.
Human-system behavioral gaps (2009)

This article focuses on an often-encountered gap between the assumptions of the engineer that designs "something," versus how the users handle this "something" when it is deployed in the users' own context. In an effort to investigate end-users' perspectives relating to this gap, Ericsson Research conducted a user-centered study in collaboration with Augur Marknadsanalys, a Swedish company specializing in qualitative consumer insights. The user study was performed in Stockholm, Sweden, within a project looking at future TV and media experiences. One important thing we can learn from this study is that there is no such thing as a perfect system design because the users themselves create and complete the system when they eventually figure out how the new tools fit into their existing behavior.
Karyological evidence for meiosis in the three different types of life cycles existing in Agaricus bisporus (2006)

In Agaricus bisporus all cytological studies performed until now concerned the pseudohomothallic and bisporic var. bisporus. In the past 12 y two tetrasporic varieties have been described, the heterothallic var. burnettii and the homothallic var. eurotetrasporus. Our aim was to compare the behavior of the nuclei in the vegetative and reproductive cells of the three varieties with light microscopy (Feulgen and DAPI staining) and transmission electron microscopy. Most of the vegetative cells contained 3-5 nuclei in the three varieties. Nuclear migrations through the septum were detected. In the basidia relative locations of nuclei and vacuoles, meiotic spindle alignments, relative content of nuclear DNA and synaptonemal complexes were measured or observed. From the observation of numerous asynchronous second division of meiosis within basidia of var. bisporus and var. burnettii a new hypothesis emerges to explain the nonrandom distribution of the four meiotic products in the two spores of the bisporic basidia. Karyogamy and meiosis similarly occurred in the three varieties. In the case of A. bisporus var. eurotetrasporus this implies that the reproductive mode is sexual and therefore homothallic in the strict sense. The three different types of life cycles are described.
The effect of internal package delaminations on the thermal performance of PQFP, thermally enhanced PQFP, LOC, and BGA packages (2002)

Plastic IC packages rely on a contiguous structure for efficient heat conduction from the chip to the surrounding environment. Any discontinuity within the package, such as an interfacial separation or delamination, degrades the thermal efficiency of the package. Four package types have been studied with respect to the thermal impact of interfacial delaminations; a 240 pin plastic Quad-Flat-Pack (PQFP), a thermally enhanced 240 PQFP, a 28 pin Lead-on-Chip (LOC) package, and a plastic overmolded 388 Ball-Grid-Array (PBGA) package. Modeling found wide variation in the sensitivity of the package to thermal degradation based on package type and delamination location. The largest shifts (50%) were found in thermally enhanced packages. The results identify interfaces critical to thermal integrity. In addition to studying the thermal impact of delaminations, practices to thermally enhance the PBGA package will be discussed.
Tumor growth, doubling times, and the inability of the radiologist to diagnose certain cancers. (1983)

In the absence of prevention, the control of breast cancer demands that it be discovered as soon as possible after it reaches threshold size, but before it disseminates. This optimal detection time is known as the "cancer control window." The actual doubling time of a cancer is a major determinant of the length of time available for effective discovery. Data are presented showing the enormous variance possible for this interval, ranging from very short times to extremely long times. With refined mammographic techniques and conscientious, aggressive mammographers, this threshold size continues to shrink and now approaches 2 mm. Many factors, however, continue to influence effective detection in this size range including cancer type, breast parenchymal density, proper applications of examination techniques, and the duration of the cancer control window for different cancers. Our own experience and review of the literature indicate that a certain percentage of cancers will be missed in the symptomatic and screened populations. With some adjustments of technique and interpretation and careful attention to them, many of these overlooked cancers can be recognized. However, data support the presence of a subset of acute breast cancers below threshold size at examination but that can grow to clinically detectable and symptomatic size within weeks to months of the breast evaluation showing no abnormality. These cancers will surface under any contemporarily available screening or detection program through no physician error. Under optimal conditions, this group of cancers can neither be prevented nor recognized and account for the inability of the radiologist to diagnose some breast cancers.