gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Tomato Glycoalkaloids:  Role in the Plant and in the Diet (2002)

Tomatoes, a major food source for humans, accumulate a variety of secondary metabolites including phenolic compounds, phytoalexins, protease inhibitors, and glycoalkaloids. These metabolites protect against adverse effects of hosts of predators including fungi, bacteria, viruses, and insects. Because glycoalkaloids are reported to be involved in host-plant resistance, on the one hand, and to have a variety of pharmacological and nutritional properties in animals and humans, on the other, a need exists to develop a better understanding of the role of these compounds both in the plant and in the diet. To contribute to this effort, this integrated review presents data on the history, composition, and nutrition of tomatoes, with special focus on the assessment of the chemistry, analysis, composition, nutrition, microbiology, and pharmacology of the tomato glycoalkaloids comprising alpha-tomatine and dehydrotomatine; their content in different parts of the tomato plant, in processed tomato products, and in wild and transgenic tomatoes; their biosynthesis, inheritance, metabolism, and catabolism; plant-microbe relationships with fungi, bacteria, viruses, insects, and worms; interactions with ergosterol and cholesterol; disruption of cell membranes; tomatine-induced tomatinases, pantothenate synthetase, steroid hydroxylases, and cytokines; and inhibition of acetylcholinesterase. Also covered are tomato-human pathogen relationships and tomatine-induced lowering of plasma cholesterol and triglycerides and enhancement of the immune system. Further research needs in each of these areas are suggested. The overlapping aspects are discussed in terms of general concepts for a better understanding of the impact of tomato glycoalkaloids in the plant in general and in food in particular. Such an understanding can lead to the creation of improved tomatoes and to improved practices on the farm and in the consumption of tomatoes.
Organotin speciation in environmental samples by capillary gas chromatography and pulsed flame photometric detection (PFPD) (1997)

Pulsed flame photometric detection (PFPD) for gas chromatography was applied to organotin compounds as standards and in environmental samples. Ethylated organotin species (n-propyl-, n-butyl- and phenyl-) were extracted from spiked artificial seawater and from an environmental sample. Selectivity towards tin is shown in the analysis of highly polluted seawater samples from a commercial port where no significant interferences are found. The self-cleaning capability and long-term stability of PFPD is shown in this work during 140 days of continuous operation. The absolute limit of detection for this capillary GC–PFPD technique ranged from 0.2 to 0.4 pg (Sn) for tetraethyl- to tetraphenyl-tin, allowing determination of sub-nanogram/litre concentrations of organotin compounds. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Associated conditions and clinical significance of awake bruxism (2009)

This study suggests that awake bruxism is encountered not infrequently in various diseases in geriatric hospitals. It is frequently observed in FTD and normal pressure hydrocephalus, which characteristically shows frontal lobe dysfunction. These facts and SPM analysis show that awake bruxism can be regarded as a frontal neurological sign of various neurological disorders.
Disco Operation Considering DG Units and Their Goodness Factors (2009)

This paper presents a new paradigm for distribution system operation in the presence of distributed generation (DG) sources taking into consideration the goodness factor of the DG units. The proposed concept of goodness factor of DG units is based on the computation of the incremental contribution of a DG unit to distribution system losses. The incremental contributions of a DG unit to active and reactive power losses in the distribution system are termed as the active/reactive incremental loss indices (ILI). The goodness factors are integrated directly into the distribution system operations model, which is based on an optimal power flow (OPF) framework. This model seeks to minimize the distribution company's (disco's) energy costs in the short term taking into account the contribution (goodness factor) of each DG unit. Two scenarios are considered in the paper: the first scenario considers the disco to be the owner of the DG units and hence is responsible for their scheduling and dispatch, and the second scenario considers the DG units to be investor-owned. The analysis was carried out considering an 18-bus distribution network extracted from the well-known IEEE 30-bus system and a 69-bus distribution system.
Advances in Fluid Mechanics Measurements. Edited by M. GAD-EL-HAK. Springer-Verlag, 1989. 608 pp. £53 Frontiers in Experimental Fluid Mechanics. Edited by M. GAD-EL-HAK. Springer-Verlag, 1989. 532 pp. DM 120. (1990)

Advances in Fluid Mechanics Measurements. Edited by M. GAD-EL-HAK. Springer-Verlag, 1989. 608 pp. £53 Frontiers in Experimental Fluid Mechanics. Edited by M. GAD-EL-HAK. Springer-Verlag, 1989. 532 pp. DM 120. - Volume 215
MEK-Independent Survival of B-RAFV600E Melanoma Cells Selected for Resistance to Apoptosis Induced by the RAF Inhibitor PLX4720 (2010)

These results indicate that sensitivity to induction of apoptosis may be a major determinant of long-term responses of B-RAF(V600E) melanomas to specific inhibitors and suggest that rebound melanoma growth after initial treatment with the inhibitors may not be responsive to MEK inhibitors, but may be susceptible to inhibition of the PI3k/Akt pathway.
An ecological survey of the Crawford Woods, Clark County, Indiana (1949)

Numerous surveys of forested areas throughout Indiana have yielded a wealth of ecological knowledge, especially in regard to factors controlling and regulating the invasion and ecesis of deciduous tree species making up these forest formations. Perhaps no other area in the state has undergone a more intense study by ecologists than the Illinoian Drift Plain region, located in the southern part.
Iterative reconstruction of space-limited scenes from noisy frequency-domain measurements (2005)

An iterative projection approach is introduced, which aims specifically at removing a priori information and constraint incompatibility due to noisy measurements. There to a soft frequency domain measurement constraint is proposed. The softness refers to accepting an algorithm iterate whenever it is "close enough" (depending on expected noise level) to the noisy measurements. The scene limitation constraint is softened by providing a smooth transition region between the known extent and zeroed regions of the scene domain. The operators involved are shown to be nonexpansive, and the iterative algorithm may naturally have many solutions, all of which are compatible with the a priori information.
Tilt Compensation Method of Two-Beam Angle Multiplexing Holographic Memory (2007)

In a two-beam angle multiplexing holographic memory, there is a problem that the tilt margin is small. Therefore, we propose a radial tilt compensation method (radial tilt is a tilt in the vertical direction to a surface that is made by reference and signal beams). When the radial tilt occurred during the reading, we brought the relative angles of interference fringes and the reference beam near the state at the time of recording. Concretely speaking, we shifted the disc to the circumferential direction slightly to obtain the optimum signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and then recovered the hologram. In our experiments, we recorded 1 hologram (no multiplexing) and 51 multiplexing holograms, and recovered them using this compensation method. As a result, we confirmed that our method improved the tilt margin markedly in both cases. This compensation method is thus effective for interchangeability without the need for an additional mechanism and making for smaller drives.
Ash and pulverized coal deposition in combustors and gasifiers. Quarterly technical progress report, July 1, 1996--September 30, 1996 (1996)

The computational model for simulating particle motions in turbulent flows was further developed and used to analyze the transport and dispersion of particles in a recirculating flow region. The model for resuspension of particles from surfaces in a gas flow is also further developed; it accounts for the surface adhesion as well as hydrodynamic forces and torques. It includes effects of the structure of near wall turbulent flows as well as surface roughness. In addition, a direct numerical simulation procedure for analyzing the particle removal process in turbulent gas flows is also developed. The sublayer model for evaluating the particle deposition in turbulent flows is being extended to include the effect of particle rebound. Further progress was also made in the experimental study of glass fiber transport and deposition in the aerosol wind tunnel.
Object Classification and Recognition From Mobile Laser Scanning Point Clouds in a Road Environment (2015)

Automatic methods are needed to efficiently process the large point clouds collected using a mobile laser scanning (MLS) system for surveying applications. Machine-learning-based object recognition from MLS point clouds in a road and street environment was studied in order to create maps from the road environment infrastructure. The developed automatic processing workflow included the following phases: the removal of the ground and buildings, segmentation, segment classification, and object location estimation. Several novel geometry-based features, which were previously applied in autonomous driving and general point cloud processing, were applied for the segment classification of MLS point clouds. The features were divided into three sets, i.e., local descriptor histograms (LDHs), spin images, and general shape and point distribution features, respectively. These were used in the classification of the following roadside objects: trees, lamp posts, traffic signs, cars, pedestrians, and hoardings. The accuracy of the object recognition workflow was evaluated using a data set that contained more than 400 objects. LDHs and spin images were applied for the first time for machine-learning-based object classification in MLS point clouds in the surveying applications of the road and street environment. The use of these features improved the classification accuracy by 9.6% (resulting in 87.9% accuracy) compared with the accuracy obtained using 17 general shape and point distribution features that represent the current state of the art in the field of MLS; therefore, significant improvement in the classification accuracy was achieved. Connected component segmentation and ground extraction were the cause of most of the errors and should be thus improved in the future.
The application of a biologically inspired controller to control sound transmission (1994)

A biologically inspired control approach for reducing sound transmission through a distributed elastic system has been theoretically and experimentally verified for narrow-band excitation. The control paradigm approximates natural biological systems for initiating movement, in that a low number of signals are sent from an advanced, centralized controller (analogous to the brain) and are then distributed by local rules and actions to multiple actuators (analogous to muscle fiber). A local learning rule that was developed from linear quadratic optimal control theory and solved apriori was implemented. The investigation considered a plate excited by normal plane wave, oblique plane wave, and reverberant acoustic fields. Radiated sound power was the defined cost function and therefore used as the controller error signal. Four control inputs in the form of piezoelectric actuators were mounted on the plate in a two-by-two array. Results indicate that increases in transmission loss of approximately 18 dB are attainable for off-resonance excitation. In general, comparisons of theoretical and experimental data show good agreement. This investigation has demonstrated that the biological control approach has the potential to control multimodal response in distributed elastic systems using an array of many actuators with a reduced order main controller. Thus significant reductions in control system computational complexity have been realized by this approach. [Work supported by NASA Langley.]
Toward an Extended Definition of Major Depressive Disorder Symptomatology: Digital Assessment and Cross-validation Study (2021)

Our findings are in line with the notion that current diagnostic practices may present an overly narrow conception of mental health. Furthermore, our study provides proof-of-concept support for the clinical utility of a digital assessment to inform clinical decision-making in the evaluation of MDD.
Molecular characterization of a chromosome translocation breakpoint t(11;14)(p13;q11) from the cell line KOPT-K1. (1995)

Recurrent chromosome translocations involving 11p13 and 14q11 are found in 5-10% of cases of T-ALL. The gene involved in the translocation on chromosome 14 is the T cell antigen receptor alpha or delta. The putative oncogene on chromosome 11 is rhombotin 2 (RBTN2)/translocated in T cell gene 2 (ttg-2), a member of the LIM family of proteins. In this paper we characterize a cell line KOPT-K1 that has a t(11;14)(p13;q11). The breakpoint on chromosome 11 involves an Alu-rich region with the break occurring between two Alu sequences on chromosome 11. In addition, approximately 70 bases from the break on chromosome 11 is a tetranucleotide repeat. Whether either of these structures played a role in the translocation is not known. No heptamer or nonamer sequences, implicated in other rearrangements were found near the breakpoint. The breakpoint on chromosome 11 maps more centromeric than previous translocations of this region. Despite this the RBTN2 gene is highly expressed in KOPT-K1. This cell line will be useful for investigating the role of RBTN2 in leukemogenesis and the mechanism by which the translocation alters the expression of RBTN2.
The second-order wavelet synchrosqueezing transform (2017)

The paper deals with the problem of representing non-stationary signals jointly in time and frequency. We use the framework of reassignment methods, that achieve sharp and compact representations. More precisely, we introduce an enhanced version of the synchrosqueezed wavelet transform, which is shown to be more general than the standard synchrosqueezing, while remaining invertible. Numerical experiments measure the improvement brought about by using our new technique on synthetic data, while an analysis of the gravitational wave signal recently observed through the LIGO interferometer applies the method on a real dataset.
Linkage between polymorphisms in the prostate specific antigen ARE1 gene region, prostate cancer risk, and circulating tumor cells (2002)

Our results indicate that polymorphism in the PSA gene promoter may be an important biomarker for prostate cancer risk, especially for an earlier onset of PC.
rlpyt: A Research Code Base for Deep Reinforcement Learning in PyTorch (2019)

Since the recent advent of deep reinforcement learning for game play and simulated robotic control, a multitude of new algorithms have flourished. Most are model-free algorithms which can be categorized into three families: deep Q-learning, policy gradients, and Q-value policy gradients. These have developed along separate lines of research, such that few, if any, code bases incorporate all three kinds. Yet these algorithms share a great depth of common deep reinforcement learning machinery. We are pleased to share rlpyt, which implements all three algorithm families on top of a shared, optimized infrastructure, in a single repository. It contains modular implementations of many common deep RL algorithms in Python using PyTorch, a leading deep learning library. rlpyt is designed as a high-throughput code base for small- to medium-scale research in deep RL. This white paper summarizes its features, algorithms implemented, and relation to prior work, and concludes with detailed implementation and usage notes. rlpyt is available at https://github.com/astooke/rlpyt.
Acoustic speech features in social comparison: how stress impacts the way you sound (2022)

The use of speech as a digital biomarker to detect stress levels is increasingly gaining attention. Yet, heterogeneous effects of stress on specific acoustic speech features have been observed, possibly due to previous studies' use of different stress labels/categories and the lack of solid stress induction paradigms or validation of experienced stress. Here, we deployed a controlled, within-subject psychosocial stress induction experiment in which participants received both neutral (control condition) and negative (negative condition) comparative feedback after solving a challenging cognitive task. This study is the first to use a (non-actor) within-participant design that verifies a successful stress induction using both self-report (i.e., decreased reported valence) and physiological measures (i.e., increased heart rate acceleration using event-related cardiac responses during feedback exposure). Analyses of acoustic speech features showed a significant increase in Fundamental Frequency (F0) and Harmonics-to-Noise Ratio (HNR), and a significant decrease in shimmer during the negative feedback condition. Our results using read-out-loud speech comply with earlier research, yet we are the first to validate these results in a well-controlled but ecologically-valid setting to guarantee the generalization of our findings to real-life settings. Further research should aim to replicate these results in a free speech setting to test the robustness of our findings for real-world settings and should include semantics to also take into account what you say and not only how you say it.
Watertight trimmed NURBS (2008)

This paper addresses the long-standing problem of the unavoidable gaps that arise when expressing the intersection of two NURBS surfaces using conventional trimmed-NURBS representation. The solution converts each trimmed NURBS into an untrimmed T-Spline, and then merges the untrimmed T-Splines into a single, watertight model. The solution enables watertight fillets of NURBS models, as well as arbitrary feature curves that do not have to follow iso-parameter curves. The resulting T-Spline representation can be exported without error as a collection of NURBS surfaces.
The use of composite ferrocyanide materials for treatment of high salinity liquid radioactive wastes rich in cesium isotopes (2014)

Abstract The use of composite materials based on metal ferrocyanides combined with natural mineral sorbents for treatment of high salinity Cs-containing liquid radioactive waste (LRW) was investigated. The study indicated that among the investigated composites, the best sorption characteristics for Cs were shown by materials based on copper ferrocyanide. Several factors affecting the removal of cesium from LRW, namely total salt content, pH and organic matter content, were also investigated. High concentrations of complexing organic matter significantly reduced the sorption capacity of ferrocyanide sorbents.
High efficiency cyclotron trap assisted positron moderator (2017)

We report the realisation of a cyclotron trap assisted positron tungsten moderator for the conversion of positrons with a broad keV- few MeV energy spectrum to a mono-energetic eV beam with an efficiency of 1.8(2)% defined as the ratio of the slow positrons divided by the $β^+$ activity of the radioactive source. This is an improvement of almost two orders of magnitude compared to the state of the art of tungsten moderators. The simulation validated with this measurement suggests that using an optimised setup even higher efficiencies are achievable.
Carrier aggregation for LTE-advanced: functionality and performance aspects (2011)

Carrier aggregation is one of the key features for LTE-Advanced. By means of CA, users gain access to a total bandwidth of up to 100 MHz in order to meet the IMT-Advanced requirements. The system bandwidth may be contiguous, or composed of several non-contiguous bandwidth chunks that are aggregated. This article presents a summary of the supported CA scenarios as well as an overview of the CA functionality for LTE-Advanced with special emphasis on the basic concept, control mechanisms, and performance aspects. The discussion includes definitions of the new terms primary cell (PCell) and secondary cell (SCell), mechanisms for activation and deactivation of CCs, and the new cross-CC scheduling functionality for improved control channel optimizations. We also demonstrate how CA can be used as an enabler for simple yet effective frequency domain interference management schemes. In particular, interference management is anticipated to provide significant gains in heterogeneous networks, envisioning intrinsically uncoordinated deployments of home base stations.
In Vivo Modelling of Hepatitis B Virus Subgenotype A1 Replication Using Adeno-Associated Viral Vectors (2021)

The paucity of animal models that simulate the replication of the hepatitis B virus (HBV) is an impediment to advancing new anti-viral treatments. The work reported here employed recombinant adeno-associated viruses (AAVs) to model HBV subgenotype A1 and subgenotype D3 replication in vitro and in vivo. Infection with subgenotype A1 is endemic to parts of sub-Saharan Africa, and it is associated with a high risk of hepatocellular carcinoma. Recombinant AAV serotype 2 (AAV2) and 8 (AAV8) vectors bearing greater-than-genome-length sequences of HBV DNA from subgenotype A1 and D3, were produced. Transduced liver-derived cultured cells produced HBV surface antigen and core antigen. Administration of AAV8 carrying HBV subgenotype A1 genome (AAV8-A1) to mice resulted in the sustained production of HBV replication markers over a six-month period, without elevated inflammatory cytokines, expression of interferon response genes or alanine transaminase activity. Markers of replication were generally higher in animals treated with subgenotype D3 genome-bearing AAVs than in those receiving the subgenotype A1-genome-bearing vectors. To validate the use of the AAV8-A1 murine model for anti-HBV drug development, the efficacy of anti-HBV artificial primary-microRNAs was assessed. Significant silencing of HBV markers was observed over a 6-month period after administering AAVs. These data indicate that AAVs conveniently and safely recapitulate the replication of different HBV subgenotypes, and the vectors may be used to assess antivirals' potency.
Pluripotent Hybrid Cells Contribute to Extraembryonic as well as Embryonic Tissues (2010)

The restricted gene expression of a differentiated cell can be reversed by forming hybrid with embryonic stem cells (ESCs). The resulting hybrid cells showed not only an ESC-specific marker expression but also a differentiation potential similar to the pluripotent fusion partner. Here, we evaluated whether the tetraploid fusion hybrid cells have a unique differentiation potential compared with diploid pluripotent cells. The first Oct4-GFP-positive cells were observed at day 2 following fusion between ESCs and neurosphere cells (OG2(+/-)/ROSA26(+/-)). Reprogramming efficiency was as high as 94.5% at passage 5 and 96.4% at passage 13. We have found that the tetraploid hybrid cells could form chimera with contribution to placenta after blastocyst injection. This result indicates that the tetraploid pluripotent fusion hybrid cells have wide range of differentiation potential. Therefore, we suggest that once the somatic cells are reprogrammed by fusion with ESCs, the tetraploid hybrid cells contributed to the extraembryonic as well as embryonic tissues.