gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Targeting refrigerators for repair or replacement. (2000)

Refrigerator energy use is a dominant component of total energy use for many low-income households. Poorly operating or inefficient refrigerators can place an unnecessary financial burden on those households or the public agencies that pay their electricity bills, such as housing authorities. This paper presents an analytic tool that is low cost and easy to use. The procedure can be implemented with minimal staff training. The tool enables housing providers or weatherization agencies to identify poorly operating or high use refrigerators and target them for replacement or repair. The use of the procedure is illustrated, and its value for participants in a bulk refrigerator purchase and replacement program is discussed.
Operation of a nonlinear optical loop mirror with orthogonally polarized waves in nonpolarization-preserving, single-mode fiber (1996)

We demonstrate stable operation of a NOLM using orthogonally polarized control and signal beams in nonpolarization-preserving, single-mode fiber. The NOLM can transcribe data from an optically incoherent input at one wavelength to a coherent output over a range of wavelengths. Operation of the NOLM without tuning for the input bit rate is possible over a range of bit rates from less than 1 Gb/s to more than 50 Gb/s.
Deletion Mutants of Poly(ADP-Ribose) Polymerase A Support a Model of Cyclic Association and Dissociation of Enzyme from DNA Ends During DNA Repair (1994)

With an in vitro DNA repair system, Satoh and Lindah [(1992) Nature 356, 356-358] demonstrated that unmodified poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PADPRP) binds to radiation-damaged DNA and inhibits repair in the absence of NAD. However, in the presence of NAD, PADPRP undergoes automodification and the DNA is repaired. It was hypothesized that PADPRP cycles between an unmodified form, which protects DNA breaks, and an automodified form, which is released from DNA, thereby allowing access to repair enzymes. We have now tested this model with bacterially expressed mutants of PADPRP with deletions in the three major functional domains of the enzyme [Cherney, B. W., Chaudry, B., Bhatia, K., Butt, T. R., & Smulson, M. E. (1991) Biochemistry 30, 10420-10427]. Deletion mutants with an intact amino-terminal DNA-binding domain, and therefore capable of binding to DNA strand breaks in the in vitro assay, inhibited repair; however, whether the deletion was in the NAD-binding, active site domain or the automodification domain, the inhibition of repair exerted by these mutant proteins was not alleviated by NAD. A PADPRP mutant with a deletion in the DNA-binding domain did not inhibit DNA repair. Thus, the behavior of these PADPRP deletion mutants is consistent with the model proposed earlier. The model was also supported by experiments with Manley extracts of HeLa cells stably transfected with a PADPRP antisense RNA construct. Extracts of cells induced to express antisense RNA did not markedly inhibit in vitro DNA repair, nor did the addition of NAD influence the assay. In contrast, noninduced cell extracts inhibited repair and inhibition was alleviated by NAD.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Electrical breakdown in atmospheric air between closely spaced (0.2 μm-40 μm) electrical contacts (2002)

The increasing importance of electrical contacts in air with micrometer spacing prompted recent experiments on the electrical breakdown behavior of these gaps. The electrical field between the contacts used in one of the experiments was analyzed, using finite element analysis to model the electric field. The experimental data on the electrical breakdown voltage could be divided into three regions as a function of the gap spacing. First, at close gap spacing (/spl les/4 /spl mu/m), both the breakdown voltages and the electrical fields at the cathode were similar to values measured during the breakdown of vacuum gaps of less than 200 /spl mu/m. Second, at larger gaps (>6 /spl mu/m), the breakdown voltages followed Paschen's curve for the Townsend electron avalanche process in air. Finally, in between these two regions, the breakdown values were below the expected values for purely vacuum breakdown or purely Townsend breakdown. The breakdown phenomena have been discussed in terms of field emission of electrons from the cathode and their effect on initiating the observed breakdown regimes.
A novel class of broad-spectrum active-site-directed 3C-like protease inhibitors with nanomolar antiviral activity against highly immune-evasive SARS-CoV-2 Omicron subvariants (2023)

Antivirals with broad coronavirus activity are important for treating high-risk individuals exposed to the constantly evolving SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (VOCs) as well as emerging drug-resistant variants. We developed and characterized a novel class of active-site-directed 3-chymotrypsin-like protease (3CLpro) inhibitors (<b>C2-C5a</b>). Our lead direct-acting antiviral (DAA), <b>C5a</b>, is a non-covalent, non-peptide with a dissociation constant of 170 nM against recombinant SARS-CoV-2 3CLpro. The compounds <b>C2-C5a</b> exhibit broad-spectrum activity against Omicron subvariants (BA.5, BQ.1.1, and XBB.1.5) and seasonal human coronavirus-229E infection in human cells. Notably, <b>C5a</b> has median effective concentrations of 30-50 nM against BQ.1.1 and XBB.1.5 in two different human cell lines. X-ray crystallography has confirmed the unique binding modes of <b>C2-C5a</b> to the 3CLpro, which can limit virus cross-resistance to emerging Paxlovid-resistant variants. We tested the effect of <b>C5a</b> with two of our newly discovered host-directed antivirals (HDAs): N-0385, a TMPRSS2 inhibitor, and bafilomycin D (BafD), a human vacuolar H<sup>+</sup>-ATPase [V-ATPase] inhibitor. We demonstrated a synergistic action of <b>C5a</b> in combination with N-0385 and BafD against Omicron BA.5 infection in human Calu-3 lung cells. Our findings underscore that a SARS-CoV-2 multi-targeted treatment for circulating Omicron subvariants based on DAAs (<b>C5a</b>) and HDAs (N-0385 or BafD) can lead to therapeutic benefits by enhancing treatment efficacy. Furthermore, the high-resolution structures of SARS-CoV-2 3CLpro in complex with <b>C2-C5a</b> will facilitate future rational optimization of our novel broad-spectrum active-site-directed 3C-like protease inhibitors.
Pulse compression without phase control and frequency detuning by high-order stimulated Raman scattering (2001)

Summary form only given. Optical pulse compression based on combination of spectral broadening by self-phase modulation and subsequent chirp compensation forms the physical basis for ultrashort pulse generation in the few-optical-cycle regime. The key element of this method is the necessary phase compensation technique with negative group delay dispersion. However, all methods for phase control are rather complex and cause difficulties for pulse compression below 5 fs. In the present talk we study an alternative method where an intense short pump pulse with duration smaller than the period of the molecular oscillations, /spl tau//sub pu/ < T/sub R/ = 2/spl pi///spl Omega/ (/spl Omega/ is the Stokes shift), effectively excites the Raman-active medium and a temporally delayed, weak probe pulse with duration /spl tau//sub pr/ < T/sub R/ is coherently scattered by the long-living Raman excitation.
The Escherichia coli azoR gene promoter: A new sensing element for microbial biodetection of trace explosives (2021)

DNT (2,4-dinitrotoluene), a volatile impurity in military grade TNT-based explosives, is a potential tracer for the detection of buried landmines and other explosive devices. We have previously described DNT bioreporter strains, based on a fusion between the Escherichia coli yqjF gene promoter to either a bacterial luxCDABE luminescence gene cassette or to the green fluorescent protein gene gfp. We now present the azoR gene promoter, demonstrated to be strongly induced by DNT, as an alternative sensing element for this compound. An E. coli bioreporter strain harboring a plasmid-borne fusion of the azoR promoter region to Photorhabdus luminescens luxCDABE displayed stronger bioluminescent responses to DNT than the yqjF-based bioreporter. The azoR promoter was induced not directly by DNT but by its degradation products; the most potent inducer was 2,4,5-trihydroxytoluene (THT). This reaction was positively regulated by YhaJ, a member of the LysR family of transcriptional regulators, and was significantly amplified in a yhaK mutant. We also show that DNT degradation in E. coli involves glutathione, which plays a vital role in azoR gene promoter activation.
The use of digoxigenin-lebbelled probes to detect DNA sequences specific for plant pathogenic bacteria (1995)

International audience
FLAVONE C-GLYCOSIDES AND CUCURBITACIN GLYCOSIDES FROM CITRULLUS COLOCYNTHIS (2006)

Citrullus colocynthis (L.) Schrad. (Cucurbitaceae) is an Iranian medicinal plant that has traditionally been used as an abortifacient and to treat constipation, oedema, bacterial infections, cancer and diabetes. As part of our on-going studies on Iranian medicinal plants, thorough phytochemical investigation was carried out on this plant. The reversed-phase preparative HPLC was employed to isolate compounds from the butanol fraction of the hydro-methanolic (70%) extract of the fruits of the locally grown C. colocynthis. Structures of the isolated compounds [1-5] were elucidated by spectroscopic means. The antioxidant property of the flavonoids 1-3 was determined by the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay. Three flavone glucosides, isosaponarin [1], isovitexin [2] and isoorientin 3’-O-methyl ether [3] and two cucurbitacin glucosides, 2-O-&amp;amp;#946;-D-glucopyranosylcucurbitacin I [4) and 2-O-&amp;amp;#946;-D-glucopyranosylcucurbitacin L [5] were isolated and identified. Flavonoids 1-3 showed significant antioxidant properties. Since reactive oxygen species are important contributors to tissue injury, inflammation, cancer and many other ailments, the antioxidant properties of 1-3 probably contribute, at least to some extent, to the pharmacological and traditional medicinal uses of the C. colosynthis.
A Hexagonal (II) Phase Phospholipid Neutralization Assay for Lupus Anticoagulant Identification (1993)

Lupus anticoagulants (LAs) are immunoglobulins (IgG, IgM, or both) which interfere with in vitro phospholipid (PL) dependent tests of coagulation (e. g. APTT, dilute PT, dilute Russell Viper Venom Time). These antibodies may be identified in a wide variety of clinical settings. With the exception of heparinized patient samples, the presence of LAs is often the most common cause of an unexplained APTT in a routine clinical laboratory. The diagnosis of LAs is difficult due to variable screening reagent sensitivity and intrinsic heterogeneity of LAs. Recently, Rauch and colleagues have shown human monoclonal hybridoma LAs were inhibited by hexagonal (II) phase PLs. In contrast, lamellar phase PLs had no effect. We have evaluated a new assay system, Staclot LA, which utilizes a hexagonal (II) phase PL (egg phosphatidylethanolamine [EPE]) as a confirmatory test for LAs. Plasma samples from the following patient populations were studied: LA positive, heparinized, oral anticoagulated, hemophilia A and B, and specific factor inhibitors (factors V, VIII, IX). Unlike previous studies, the LA positive patients were a mixed population including: autoimmune diseases, drug-induced, and post-infection. Our findings confirm the specificity of hexagonal (II) phase PL neutralization of LAs.
Chiral construction of the estrane ring system by an intramolecular double Michael reaction (1989)

Construction of the estrane ring system was achieved by the Intramolecular double Michael reaction as the key step. Heating of the α,β-unsaturated enone ester (18), prepared from the optically active indanone (4), with chlorotrimethylsilane, triethylamine, and zinc chloride produced three estrane derivatives (19), (22), and (25).
Study on the Improvement of Surface Roughness of Complex Model Created by Three Dimensional Photofabrication (1st Report) (1995)

A new building process of three dimensional photofabrication is described which reduces surface roughness of parts. As CAD model is sliced into many thin layers in the three dimensional photofabrication process, smooth surface is converted into steps. Furthermore laser beam faithfully creates models not only their details but also steps. The influence of steps is dominant to the bad impression of the model's surface smoothness compared to its original design, if a gradient or an angle of inclination of surface is low. The proposed new process showed an improvement of surface roughness, especially on the gentler slope.
Weather based mapping of susceptible areas of mango malformation through GIS (2012)

The mapping of mango malformation occurrence was undertaken by generating weather surfaces using spatial interpolation technique (Kriging) for four weather variables viz., maximum and minimum temperatures, relative humidity and wind speed. The mapping was done using the threshold values conducive for Fusarium mangiferae growth and proliferation. The results revealed that the spatial zonations with areas with mango malformation occurrence are higher for individual weather parameter. However, when both temperature and relative humidity were used in combination, the area was considerably reduced. The possible areas of mango malformation occurrence were in Delhi, Uttar Pradesh and Haryana followed by Gujarat, Punjab and Jharkhand. It also depicted the probability of malformation free areas in southern states.
Analysis of bisphenol-propane in dialyzer and its effect on human body (2023)

The effect of trace solvent bisphenol A (BPA) in polyether sulfone hollow fiber membrane Enttex™-16LF (E60) (produced by 3 M) low-throughput dialyzer was tested in this study. Animal experiments were conducted to evaluate its genotoxicity, carcinogenicity, and teratogenicity upon chronic exposure. The dialyzer was operated at 200 mL/min and 400 mL/min and coupled with LC-20AT liquid chromatography to detect BPA, which showed that the BPA content was less than 5 μ g/kg/d at both flow rates. In animal experiments, the tolerable intake (T.I.) was calculated to be 0.5 μ g/kg/d. With hemodialysis three times per week, the average patient weight was calculated at 70 kg, and the average daily BPA exposure was 0.0306 μ g/kg/d. The risk of residual BPA was within the acceptable limit with polyether sulfone membrane Enttex™-16LF (E60) hollow fiber dialyzer from 3 M, without inducing risk for disability, teratogenicity, or genotoxicity.
Edge-based FEM analysis for MoM basis functions in a waveguide cross slot (2003)

Presents a waveguide cross slot as an antenna to radiate a circularly polarized wave. We propose to use vector eigenmode functions for a waveguide with a X-shaped cross section as unknown current basis functions in an analysis for the cross slot using the method of moments. We can understand the radiation mechanism of a circularly polarized wave in the cross slot from the mode excitation coefficients and accurately include the effect of the wall thickness, which cannot be neglected (for millimeter-waves especially). We calculate the vector eigenmode functions by using edge-based FEM. The amplitude and the orientation can be obtained without any numerical differentiations which are needed in the analysis with node-based FEM. We applied the vector eigenmode functions as the basis functions in the method of moments straightforwardly.
On the design of precision nanomedicines (2019)

Tight control on the selectivity of nanoparticles' interaction with biological systems is paramount for the development of targeted therapies. However, the large number of synthetically tunable parameters makes it difficult to identify optimal design ``sweet spots'' without rational guiding principles. Here we address this problem combining super-selectivity theory (SST) with analytical models from soft matter and polymer physics into a unified theoretical framework. Starting from an archetypal system, a polymersome functionalized with targeting ligands, we use our model to identify the most selective combination of parameters in terms of particle size, brush polymerization degree and grafting density, as well as tether length, binding affinity and ligands number. We further show how to combine multivalent interactions into multiplexed systems which act holistically as a function of the density of more than one receptor type, so as to achieve binding only when multiple receptors are expressed above a threshold density. We show that theory can be used to effectively fit experimental data and, hence confirming its suitability. We thus propose the design of “bar-coding" targeting approach that can be tailor-made to unique cell populations enabling personalized therapies.
Vulnerabilities (2020)

Chapter 6 explores the narratives of people who, due to vulnerabilities associated with their health status, including severe respiratory illness and HIV-positive serostatus, and because of coincident pregnancy, had to respond to the pandemic to protect themselves and unborn children. This chapter, therefore, addresses the importance of biography for understanding the social impact of pandemics. It shows how pandemics as historical events intersect with biographies and, from the point of view of individuals, cannot be meaningfully separated. This temporal intersectionality of pandemics and lived experiences is particularly well illuminated by a narrative approach. A feature of this chapter, too, is a focus on invisibility, that is, the ways in which being at risk was invisible to the “healthy” majority.
In vivo structure probing of RNA in Archaea : novel insights into the ribosome structure of Methanosarcina acetivorans (2023)

Structure probing combined with next-generation sequencing (NGS) has provided novel insights into RNA structure-function relationships. To date, such studies have focused largely on bacteria and eukaryotes, with little attention given to the third domain of life, archaea. Furthermore, functional RNAs have not been extensively studied in archaea, leaving open questions about RNA structure and function within this domain of life. With archaeal species being diverse and having many similarities to both bacteria and eukaryotes, the archaea domain has the potential to be an evolutionary bridge. In this study, we introduce a method for probing RNA structure in vivo in the archaea domain of life. We investigated the structure of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) from <i>Methanosarcina acetivorans</i>, a well-studied anaerobic archaeal species, grown with either methanol or acetate. After probing the RNA in vivo with dimethyl sulfate (DMS), Structure-seq2 libraries were generated, sequenced, and analyzed. We mapped the reactivity of DMS onto the secondary structure of the ribosome, which we determined independently with comparative analysis, and confirmed the accuracy of DMS probing in <i>M. acetivorans</i> Accessibility of the rRNA to DMS in the two carbon sources was found to be quite similar, although some differences were found. Overall, this study establishes the Structure-seq2 pipeline in the archaea domain of life and informs about ribosomal structure within <i>M. acetivorans</i>.
Chapter III: DIS Rules (2013)

International arbitration has become the preferred dispute resolution mechanism in cross-border disputes. In the course of time, ad hoc arbitration, where the parties have to create their own rules and procedures, has increasingly been replaced by institutional arbitration where a specialised institution with a permanent organisation provides assistance and a set of practice-proven rules. The services and rules provided by the various institutions of arbitration differ. In order to inform the potential parties and their counsels about the differences and to make the choice between the different arbitration regimes easier, and to offer guidance through the various provisions, this book provides a comprehensive article-by-article commentary of rules of arbitration of 14 important arbitration institutions:
Spontaneous ordering through ultrafast light absorption for laser-induced periodic surface structures formation (2021)

International audience
Colon10k: A Benchmark For Place Recognition In Colonoscopy (2021)

Place recognition in colonoscopy is needed for various reasons. 1) If a certain region needs to be rechecked during an endoscopy, the endoscopist needs to re-localize the camera accurately to the region of interest. 2) Place recognition is needed for same-patient follow-up colonoscopy to localize the region where a polyp was cut off. 3) Recent development in colonoscopic 3D reconstruction needs place recognition to establish long-range correspondence, e.g., for loop closure. However, traditional image retrieval techniques do not generalize well in colonic images. Moreover, although place recognition or instance-level image retrieval is a widely researched topic in computer vision and several benchmarks have been published for it, there has been no specific research or benchmarks in endoscopic images, which are significantly different from common images used in traditional computer vision tasks. In this paper we present a testing dataset with manually labeled groundtruth which comprises 10126 images from 20 colonoscopic subsequences. We perform an extensive evaluation on different existing place recognition techniques using different metrics.
<title>Crystallization phenomenon in different glass-ceramic and glass materials under CO<formula><inf><roman>2</roman></inf></formula> laser action</title> (2008)

It is generally known that every commercial glass has its own crystallization ability it means that a certain temperature interval exists and glasses can crystallize in this interval. We have to know the crystallization ability and crystallization speed to choose the proper regime for glass melting, manufacturing of different articles and for thermal processing in glass-ceramics manufacture. Crystallization character depends on relation between crystallization centers formation rate, crystal growing rate from this centers and viscosity. The larger the interval between peak rates of crystal growth and formation of crystallization centers, and lower the rates themselves, the lower the tendency of glass to crystallization. Crystallization of glass materials depends on several factors: chemical composition and viscosity of glass, basic material, mutual solubility of every component, duration of exposure on proper temperatures, existence of crystallization catalysts and conditions of thermal processing of glass. To get crystallization conditions one have to provide slow passing through the temperature interval 1000-1200&deg;C. Earlier the possibility of glass-ceramic crystallization under that CO<sub>2</sub> laser action was experimentally shown. But even now it is not clear enough how crystallization centers can form and grow in such a small period of time (several seconds) and what role do impurity materials play (i.e. Au, Ag, etc.). It is known that their atoms play role of crystallization centers in conventional regimes of glass-ceramic crystallization. So, to make a step forward in understanding the laser crystallization process of different glasses we decided to check the assumption of vacancy model that any glass can be crystallized during several seconds regardless of above mentioned impurity materials presence. We decided to choose a glass material for our experiment with large crystallization temperature interval and without any impurity materials like Au, Ag or Ti: Li<sub>2</sub>O&bull;<sub>2</sub>SiO<sub>2</sub> glass. In this paper we'd like to show the results of our investigation.