gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Improved preparation of chiral stationary phases via immobilization of polysaccharide derivative‐based selectors using diisocyanates (2011)

The classical method for the preparation of immobilized polysaccharide-based chiral stationary phases (CSPs) with a diisocyanate was improved. Cellulose or amylose was directly coated onto 3-aminopropyl silica gel after it was dissolved in a mixture of N,N-dimethylacetamide, LiCl, and pyridine, then immobilized onto silica gel with a diisocyanate, and finally allowed to react with an excess of corresponding isocyanate. Four polysaccharide derivatives, 3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate and 3,5-dichlorophenylcarbamate of cellulose, and 3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate and 5-chloro-2-methylphenylcarbamate of amylose, were immobilized onto silica gel utilizing this method. Compared with the classical diisocyanate method, the improved procedure avoided the derivatization and regeneration of 6-hydroxyl groups of cellulose and amylose, and thus showed an advantage for simple and economical preparation. The relationships among the amount of diisocyanate used, immobilization efficiency, and enantioseparation on the cellulose-based CSPs were investigated. Also, the solvent durability of the obtained CSPs was examined with eluents containing chloroform or THF. By utilizing these eluents, the chiral recognition abilities of the obtained CSPs for some of the tested racemates were improved.
A Differential Scanning Calorimetry Study of the Assembly of Hexadecylamine Molecules in the Nanoscale Confined Space of Silicate Galleries (2002)

The intercalation process of hexadecylamine into bentonite and the fine structure of hexadecylamine in nanoscale confined space are studied by differential scanning calorimetry and X-ray diffraction. Intercalated amine exhibits multiple melting temperatures that are approximately 30 °C higher than the bulk amine, providing strong evidence that amine molecules assume ordered structures within silicate layers. Amine-packing density influences the interlayer fine structures of the amine as well as the stacking regularity of the silicate layers. With the further intercalation of polymer molecules, the ordered structure of amine is strongly influenced.
Photonic sensing technology: currents and trends (2007)

Photonic sensing technology and in particular the field of fiber optic sensing, has entered a period of dynamic market growth. Studies of anticipated world demographic shifts and climate change projections suggest areas in which significant opportunities for the use of the technology exist and will continue to grow. In this paper, the general currents and trends in photonic/fiber optic sensor technology will be discussed with a focus upon fiber optic biosensors. In 2004, the fiber optic biosensor market was estimated to be in the $6-8B range, while this year, its value is projected to be in the $7-11B range, an annual growth rate of between 6 and 10% during the period. The market is substantial with continued growth expected over the next 5 years at least. It is large enough and growing fast enough to offer a significant opportunity for penetration by appropriate fiber optic biosensor products.
Multicore garbage collection with local heaps (2011)

In a parallel, shared-memory, language with a garbage collected heap, it is desirable for each processor to perform minor garbage collections independently. Although obvious, it is difficult to make this idea pay off in practice, especially in languages where mutation is common. We present several techniques that substantially improve the state of the art. We describe these techniques in the context of a full-scale implementation of Haskell, and demonstrate that our local-heap collector substantially improves scaling, peak performance, and robustness.
Stereochemistry of Electrosprayed Ions. Indoloquinolizidine Derivatives (1996)

Energy-resolved mass spectrometry (ERMS) using electrospray ionization and in-source collisional activation is a very promising approach to structural investigations of positional isomers and stereoisomers. This method was applied successfully in the case of two stereoisomeric aminoindoloquinolizidines. Comparison of electrospray/ERMS with several scanning modes including high-energy tandem mass spectrometry was made. Schematically, the high collision-energy regime led to fingerprints of both the isomers investigated but was totally insensitive to their stereochemical differences. The unimolecular dissociations of the protonated molecules monitored by various scan modes were satisfactory with regard to stereochemical differentiation, but without any control of the internal energy level of the precursor ions. In contrast, electrospray ionization provided easy and precise control of the energy deposition by varying the sampling cone voltage. Simple comparison of the breakdown curves, obtained by changing the potential difference between the sampling cone and the skimmer of the ion source, revealed the stereochemical dependence of different fragmentation pathways. These results demonstrate that the electrospray ion source represents a simple, sensitive and inexpensive method for performing low-energy collision-induced dissociation experiments and compares very well with more sophisticated methods such as tandem mass spectrometry.
Optical wavefront sensor based on sub-wavelength metallic structures (2008)

Lateral shearing interferometers (LSIs) are efficient tools for optical analysis. They allow classical optical wave-front aberrations measurements as well as the precise evaluation of abrupt steps. The basic element of an LSI is the transmittance grating, which diffracts a number of orders (two in the case of a mono-dimensional LSI, ideally three or four non coplanar orders in the case of bi-dimensional LSI). This brings the need for specifically designed transmittance gratings. For instance, a mono-dimensional LSI needs a sinusoidal-shaped transmittance, since its Fourier transform carries exactly 2 orders. Such transmittances are however either impossible or at least extremely costly to design using classical macroscopic techniques, mainly because the usual thin film deposition techniques require several technological steps, in order to get the desired light filtering effect. Given these constraints, we made use of sub-wavelength structures in order to build a new class of LSI. They are made of sub-wavelength lamellar metallic gratings specifically designed for the mid-infrared, and allow the precise coding of the desired transmission shape all over the LSI grating.
A New Economical Implementation for Scannable Flip-Flops in MOS (1986)

A New implementation for scannable flip-flops in MOS is economical for use in systems that use single latch design. The "System Latch-Scannable Flop" (SL-SF) requires two additional transfer gates, two test clocks, and possibly a test mode signal. Hardware pernalties paid in SL-SF can be the least among other implementations with equivalent test functionality. This article discusses SL-SF only in the context of its scan-path implementation; its applicability to linear feedback shift-register-based self-test should be obvious.
Automated body contour detection in SPECT: effects on quantitative studies. (1986)

To perform accurate in vivo quantitation by single photon emission computed tomography, we have developed a new method for detecting body contours for the correction of tissue attenuation. Our method can rapidly derive the best fit contours throughout the body by using the measured axial length of the patient body and Fourier filtering the detected contours which are defined by a unique bit-plane algorithm. We have also evaluated the effects of the body contours on the reconstructed images by using various attenuation correction techniques including a precorrection method (Sorenson, 1974), a postcorrection method (Chang, 1978), a weighted backprojection method, and a radial post correction method (Tanaka, 1983 and 1984). Counts in the specified region-of-interest in phantom images reconstructed by the radial postcorrection, weighted backprojection, and postcorrection methods were more strongly affected by inaccurately detected contours than were counts derived from images reconstructed by the precorrection method.
Zirconium tetraazamacrocycle complexes display extraordinary stability and provide a new strategy for zirconium-89-based radiopharmaceutical development (2020)

89 Zr–Tetraazamacrocycle complexes display extraordinary stability.
Effect of a screening profile on the diagnosis of nonaccidental burns in children (1997)

We conclude that the use of the checklist increased effective social service referral for burn abuse.
Inter-machine comparison of intrinsic toroidal rotation in tokamaks (2007)

Parametric scalings of the intrinsic (spontaneous, with no external momentum input) toroidal rotation observed on a large number of tokamaks have been combined with an eye towards revealing the underlying mechanism(s) and extrapolation to future devices. The intrinsic rotation velocity has been found to increase with plasma stored energy or pressure in JET, Alcator C-Mod, Tore Supra, DIII-D, JT-60U and TCV, and to decrease with increasing plasma current in some of these cases. Use of dimensionless parameters has led to a roughly unified scaling with M-A alpha beta(N), although a variety of Mach numbers works fairly well; scalings of the intrinsic rotation velocity with normalized gyro-radius or collisionality show no correlation. Whether this suggests the predominant role of MHD phenomena such as ballooning transport over turbulent processes in driving the rotation remains an open question. For an ITER discharge with beta(N) = 2.6, an intrinsic rotation Alfven Mach number of M-A similar or equal to 0.02 may be expected from the above deduced scaling, possibly high enough to stabilize resistive wall modes without external momentum input.
Intrinsic images decomposition using a local and global sparse representation of reflectance (2011)

Intrinsic image decomposition is an important problem that targets the recovery of shading and reflectance components from a single image. While this is an ill-posed problem on its own, we propose a novel approach for intrinsic image decomposition using a reflectance sparsity prior that we have developed. Our method is based on a simple observation: neighboring pixels usually have the same reflectance if their chromaticities are the same or very similar. We formalize this sparsity constraint on local reflectance, and derive a sparse representation of reflectance components using data-driven edge-avoiding-wavelets. We show that the reflectance component of natural images is sparse in this representation. We also propose and formulate a novel global reflectance sparsity constraint. Using this sparsity prior and global constraints, we formulate a l <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sub> -regularized least squares minimization problem for intrinsic image decomposition that can be solved efficiently. Our algorithm can successfully extract intrinsic images from a single image, without using other reflection or color models or any user interaction. The results on challenging scenes demonstrate the power of the proposed technique.
A vector space model approach to social relation extraction from text corpus (2011)

Social network analysis (SNA) is significantly about research of social relations as well as structure in social environment. All the dependencies between people, organizations and environment constitute one or several networks. The author presented a vector space model (VSM) approach to extract and represent relations from text corpus. The approach employed VSM to represent the weight value of every social object's frequency in every text. It reflected the relationships between social objects and text corpus. Then the vector space is decomposed into a new vector space reflecting the relationships between social objects. It is concluded that the application of VSM can obtain deeper social relations hid in text and text corpus and increase the effect and efficiency of social network analysis of text corpus.
SE ESTUDIA COLABORACIÓN CON EL COMPUTATIONAL SCIENCE INSTITUTE (2005)

LA UNAM Y EL COMPUTATIONAL SCIENCE INSTITUTE DE LA NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY ESTUDIAN LA POSIBILIDAD DE CREAR UN PROYECTO CONJUNTO EN LAS AREAS DE MODELACION COMPUTACIONAL, DESARROLLO DE SOFTWARE Y COMPUTO CIENTIFICO, REVELO JORGE NOCEDAL, DIRECTOR DE ESA INSTITUCION ESTADUNIDENSE. EL FUNCIONARIO, QUIEN ESTUDIO Y TRABAJO EN EL INSTITUTO DE INVESTIGACIONES EN MATEMATICAS APLICADAS Y EN SISTEMAS (IIMAS) DE ESTA CASA DE ESTUDIOS, EXPLICO QUE LA POSIBILIDAD DE CONJUNTAR ESFUERZOS PERMITIRIA CREAR UN EQUIPO CON EL QUE TODO MUNDO ENTENDIERA COMO AFRONTAR UN NUEVO PROBLEMA. SUBRAYO QUE VE EN LA UNIVERSIDAD A UNA INSTITUCION CON ENERGIA Y VISION MAS AMPLIA. ELLO ABRE LAS POSIBILIDADES DE COLABORAR CONJUNTAMENTE CON EL INSTITUTO QUE DIRIGE. ESO ES LO QUE ANALIZAMOS EN ESTOS MOMENTOS, SI ES POSIBLE COLABORAR EN LA INTERFASE ENTRE LA OPTIMIZACION Y SIMULACION. EL CIENTIFICO MEXICANO CURSO LA CARRERA DE FISICA EN LA UNAM Y POSTERIORMENTE EL DOCTORADO EN CIENCIAS MATEMATICAS EN LA UNIVERSIDAD DE RICE, HOUSTON. A SU REGRESO AL PAIS, Y TRAS PERMANECER TRES ANOS EN EL IIMAS, FUE CONTRATADO POR EL COU-RANT INSTITUTE OF MATHEMATICAL SCIENCES DE LA UNIVERSIDAD DE NUEVA YORK. SE TRASLADO EN 1983 A LA NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY, DONDE DESARROLLO DIVERSOS PAQUETES DE SOFTWARE LIBRE, INCLUYENDO LOS L-BFGS Y KNITRO. EN 1994 FUNDO, JUNTO CON STEVE WRIGHT, EL OPTIMIZATION TECHNOLOGY CENTER, OPERADO CONJUNTAMENTE POR LA MENCIONADA UNIVERSIDAD Y EL ARGONNE NATIONAL LABORATORY, DONDE REALIZABAN ANALISIS MATEMATICOS, ALGORITMOS, PROGRAMAS Y RESOLVIAN PROBLEMAS INDUSTRIALES. DE VISITA EN LA UNAM PARA PARTICIPAR EN UN TALLER SOBRE SINERGIAS EN COMPUTACION, REDES Y ELECTRONICA, ORGANIZADO POR EL INSTITUTO DE CIENCIAS NUCLEARES, NOCEDAL COMENTO QUE HA APLICADO SU CONOCIMIENTO EN AREAS TAN DIVERSAS COMO FINANZAS, PREDICCION DEL TIEMPO Y DISENO INDUSTRIAL. DE IGUAL FORMA EN ARQUITECTURA, INGENIERIA QUIMICA Y DISENO DE COMPUTADORAS. A LO LARGO DE SU TRAYECTORIA HA SEGUIDO DIVERSAS LINEAS DE INVESTIGACION. ALGUNAS DE LAS PRINCIPALES SON: OPTIMIZACION, INTERNET, DISENO, CIENCIAS DE LA ATMOSFERA, COMPUTO CIENTIFICO, DESARROLLO DE SOFTWARE, ANALISIS NUMERICO, MATEMATICAS APLICADAS Y CIENCIAS DE LA ADMINISTRACION. SE HA DESEMPENADO COMO EDITOR Y COEDITOR DEL MATHEMATICAL PROGRAMMING Y FORMO PARTE DEL COMITE EDITORIAL DEL SIAM JOURNAL ON OPTIMIZACION NUMERICA, EN COLABORACION CON STEVE WRIGHT.
Extension of Monster Moonshine to c=24k Conformal Field Theories (2005)

We present a family of conformal field theories (or candidates for CFTs) that is build on extremal partition functions. Spectra of these theories can be decomposed into the irreducible representations of the Fischer-Griess Monster sporadic group. Interesting periodicities in the coefficients of extremal partition functions are observed and interpreted as a possible extension of Monster moonshine to c=24k holomorphic field theories.
Sorted Random Projections for robust texture classification (2011)

This paper presents a simple and highly effective system for robust texture classification, based on (1) random local features, (2) a simple global Bag-of-Words (BoW) representation, and (3) Support Vector Machines (SVMs) based classification. The key contribution in this work is to apply a sorting strategy to a universal yet information-preserving random projection (RP) technique, then comparing two different texture image representations (histograms and signatures) with various kernels in the SVMs. We have tested our texture classification system on six popular and challenging texture databases for exemplar based texture classification, comparing with 12 recent state-of-the-art methods. Experimental results show that our texture classification system yields the best classification rates of which we are aware of 99.37% for CUReT, 97.16% for Brodatz, 99.30% for UMD and 99.29% for KTH-TIPS. Moreover, combining random features significantly outperforms the state-of-the-art descriptors in material categorization.
Multi-institutional Experience with Pediatric Olfactory Neuroblastoma (2020)

Background: Olfactory neuroblastoma is a rare malignancy arising from the olfactory epithelium. In adults, surgical resection followed by adjuvant radiation therapy is considered the standard of care. However, there is no established standard of care for pediatric olfactory neuroblastoma.
Nephron Sparing Surgery for Renal Mass: Is There Any Difference between Oncocytoma and Malignant Lesions (2016)

No reliable clinical, operative or radiological parameters can differentiate preoperatively between oncocytoma and malignant renal neoplasms.
Increased vis-to-UV upconversion performance by energy level matching between a TADF donor and high triplet energy acceptors (2016)

An efficient visible-to-UV photon upconversion was achieved by combining a TADF sensitizer and UV emitters with the highest T<sub>1</sub>and S<sub>1</sub>energy levels.
Amprenavir and Efavirenz Pharmacokinetics before and after the Addition of Nelfinavir, Indinavir, Ritonavir, or Saquinavir in Seronegative Individuals (2005)

Adult AIDS Clinical Trials Group 5043 examined pharmacokinetic (PK) interactions between amprenavir (APV) and efavirenz (EFV) both by themselves and when nelfinavir (NFV), indinavir (IDV), ritonavir (RTV), or saquinavir (SQV) is added. A PK study was conducted after the administration of single doses of APV (day 0). Subjects (n = 56) received 600 mg of EFV every 24 h (q24h) for 10 days and restarted APV with EFV for days 11 to 13 with a PK study on day 14. A second protease inhibitor (PI) (NFV, 1,250 mg, q12h; IDV, 1,200 mg, q12h; RTV, 100 mg, q12h; or SQV, 1,600 mg, q12h) was added to APV and EFV on day 15, and a PK study was conducted on day 21. Controls continued APV and EFV without a second PI. Among subjects, the APV areas under the curve (AUCs) on days 0, 14, and 21 were compared using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. Ninety-percent confidence intervals around the geometric mean ratios (GMR) were calculated. APV AUCs were 46% to 61% lower (median percentage of AUC) with EFV (day 14 versus day 0; P values of <0.05). In the NFV, IDV, and RTV groups, day 21 APV AUCs with EFV were higher than AUCs for EFV alone. Ninety-percent confidence intervals around the GMR were 3.5 to 5.3 for NFV (P < 0.001), 2.8 to 4.5 for IDV (P < 0.001), and 7.8 to 11.5 for RTV (P = 0.004). Saquinavir modestly increased the APV AUCs (GMR, 1.0 to 1.4; P = 0.106). Control group AUCs were lower on day 21 compared to those on day 14 (GMR, 0.7 to 1.0; P = 0.042). African-American non-Hispanics had higher day 14 efavirenz AUCs than white non-Hispanics. We conclude that EFV lowered APV AUCs, but nelfinavir, indinavir, or ritonavir compensated for EFV induction.
CB2 receptor as a potential target in age-related diseases (2014)

The plant Cannabis sativa containing psychoactive chemical compounds known as cannabinoids has been used for thousands of years in the treatment of different diseases and adverse conditions. Analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties of cannabinoids were deciphered experimentally a long time before the discovery of mammalian endocannabinoid system with cannabinoid-sensing receptors CB1 and CB2. Psychoactive effects of cannabinoids are commonly associated with the CB1 receptors, whereas the CB2 receptors primarily mediate anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects. Cannabinoid receptors become upregulated in various pathological conditions and in many cases, their activation results in the alleviation of adverse effects. In this article, we will review the signaling of CB2 receptors with particular emphasis been placed on the associations with inflammation and autophagy. Increased inflammation and decreased autophagy are hallmarks of various age-related diseases which could potentially be treated by modulating the activity of the CB2 receptors.
The aluminium-coppergold ternary system (2009)

Despite Au, Al and Cu being individually very well-known elements, their ternary phase diagram has not been studied in as much detail as those of many other Au-containing ternaries. Here we review what is known, and consider the prospects for technological exploitation of some of the ternary compositions. The components of greatest interest in Al-Au-Cu may be the β-phases, at least two of which have shape memory properties. Of these, ‘Spangold’, which has the nominal stoichiometry Au7Cu5Al4, has received some attention for jewellery applications, while the edge compound Cu3Al is a well-known shape memory composition with corresponding specialised industrial uses. The properties of other β-phase compositions in the system have been scarcely investigated. The system also contains an extensive γ-phase, Al4AuxCu9−x, where x ranges from 0 to ∼6.5, and the purple gold phase AuAl2.
Properties of Guanidine Aluminum Sulfate Hexahydrate and Some of Its Isomorphs (1956)

Guanidine aluminum sulfate hexahydrate (C${\mathrm{N}}_{3}$${\mathrm{H}}_{6}$)Al${(\mathrm{S}{\mathrm{O}}_{4})}_{2}$\ifmmode\cdot\else\textperiodcentered\fi{}6${\mathrm{H}}_{2}$O is ferroelectric from as high a temperature as it will stand for a short time (about 200\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}C), down to temperatures of liquid ${\mathrm{N}}_{2}$, the lowest we have employed. The crystal is trigonal, with the ferroelectric polarization along the trigonal axis. The 60-cycle hysteresis loops are often biased or have the character of double loops. The shape of the loop is correlated with the location of the specimen in the mother crystal. At room temperature the saturation polarization is about 0.35 microcoulomb/${\mathrm{cm}}^{2}$, the coercive force at 60 cycles/sec is about 1000-3000 volts/cm. These quantities increase with decreasing temperature. The small signal dielectric constant is about 6 along the axis and about 5 perpendicular to it. Of isomorphous substances, those so far examined in which ${\mathrm{D}}_{2}$O replaces ${\mathrm{H}}_{2}$O, in which ${\mathrm{Ga}}^{+3}$ and ${\mathrm{Cr}}^{+3}$ replace ${\mathrm{Al}}^{+3}$ and in which ${(\mathrm{S}\mathrm{e}{\mathrm{O}}_{4})}^{2\ensuremath{-}}$ replaces ${(\mathrm{S}{\mathrm{O}}_{4})}^{2\ensuremath{-}}$, show essentially the same properties. The switching characteristics resemble those of BaTi${\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ but the present crystals are considerably slower.
Towards Universal Multilingual Knowledge Bases (2010)

Lexical, ontological, as well as encyclopedic knowledge is increasingly being encoded in machine-readable form. This paper deals with knowledge representation in multilingual settings. It begins by proposing a generic graph-based knowledge base framework, and then, in three case studies, explains how preexisting knowledge can be cast into this framework. The first case study involves enriching WordNet with information about human languages and their relationships. The second study shows how machine learning techniques can be used to bootstrap a large-scale multilingual version of WordNet where semantic relationships between terms in many languages are captured. The final study examines how information can be extracted from Wiktionary to produce a lexical network of etymological and derivational relationships between words.
Efficient Synthesis of a Novel Estrone- Talaromycin Hybrid Natural Product (1998)

Numerous pharmacologically interesting compounds are available by the synthesis of hybrid natural products. Thus, for instance, the estrone-talaromycin hybrid 2, which is synthesized in a few steps from the estrone derivative 1 by a sequence in which a hetero-Diels-Alder reaction is the key step, exhibits notable cytotoxic activity.
Livro velho do tombo do mosteiro de São Bento da cidade do Salvador. [Documentos históricos da congregação beneditina brasileira, vol. 1.] (Baía, tipografia beneditina, 1945. 513 pp.; 12 illus.) (1946)

Livro velho do tombo do mosteiro de São Bento da cidade do Salvador. [Documentos históricos da congregação beneditina brasileira, vol. 1.] (Baía, tipografia beneditina, 1945. 513 pp.; 12 illus.) - Volume 2 Issue 3