gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
High-resolution measurements of the DT neutron spectrum using new CD foils in the Magnetic Recoil neutron Spectrometer (MRS) on the National Ignition Facility (2016)

The Magnetic Recoil neutron Spectrometer (MRS) on the National Ignition Facility measures the DT neutron spectrum from cryogenically layered inertial confinement fusion implosions. Yield, areal density, apparent ion temperature, and directional fluid flow are inferred from the MRS data. This paper describes recent advances in MRS measurements of the primary peak using new, thinner, reduced-area deuterated plastic (CD) conversion foils. The new foils allow operation of MRS at yields 2 orders of magnitude higher than previously possible, at a resolution down to ∼200 keV FWHM.
Isothermal Time-Temperature-Precipitation Diagram for an Aluminum Alloy 6005A by In Situ DSC Experiments (2014)

Time-temperature-precipitation (TTP) diagrams deliver important material data, such as temperature and time ranges critical for precipitation during the quenching step of the age hardening procedure. Although the quenching step is continuous, isothermal TTP diagrams are often applied. Together with a so-called Quench Factor Analysis, they can be used to describe very different cooling paths. Typically, these diagrams are constructed based on mechanical properties or microstructures after an interrupted quenching, <i>i.e</i>., <i>ex situ</i> analyses. In recent years, an <i>in situ</i> calorimetric method to record continuous cooling precipitation diagrams of aluminum alloys has been developed to the application level by our group. This method has now been transferred to isothermal experiments, in which the whole heat treatment cycle was performed in a differential scanning calorimeter. The Al-Mg-Si-wrought alloy 6005A was investigated. Solution annealing at 540 °C and overcritical quenching to several temperatures between 450 °C and 250 °C were followed by isothermal soaking. Based on the heat flow curves during isothermal soaking, TTP diagrams were determined. An appropriate evaluation method has been developed. It was found that three different precipitation reactions in characteristic temperature intervals exist. Some of the low temperature reactions are not accessible in continuous cooling experiments and require isothermal studies.
Computational aspects of deep learning models for detection of eye retina abnormalities (2020)

Glaucoma, Cataract, Age-related macular degeneration, (AMD) Diabetic retinopathy (DR) are among the leading retinal diseases. Thus, there is an active effort to create and develop methods to automate screening of retinal diseases. Many CAD (Computer Aided Diagnosis) systems have been expanded and are widely used for ocular diseases. Recently, Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) have been adopted in ophthalmology and applied to fundus images, achieving detection of retinal abnormalities using retinal images. There are essentially two approaches, the first one is based on hybrid method that employs image processing for preprocessing, features extraction and post processing and Deep Neural Network (DNN) is only used for classification. The second is the fully method where DNN is used for both feature extraction and classification. Several DNN models and their variants have been proposed such as AlexNet, VGG, GoogleNet, Inception, U-Net, Residual Net (ResNet), DenseNet for detection of eye retina abnormalities. The aim of this work is to provide the background and the methodology to conduct a benchmarking analysis including the computational aspects and analysis of the representative DNNs proposed in the state of the art for detection DR diseases. For each DNN different characteristics and some performance indices (i.e. model complexity, computation complexity, inference time, memory use) and detection disease performance (i.e. accuracy rate), must be taking into account to find the more accurate model. The public domain datasets used for training and testing the DNN models such as Kaggle, MESSIDOR, and EyePACS are outlined and analyzed in particular in DR detection.
The The Effect of Electrolytes on the Cathodoluminescence of Zinc Oxide. (1950)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe The Effect of Electrolytes on the Cathodoluminescence of Zinc Oxide.Simon. LarachCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1950, 54, 4, 467–471Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1950Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1950https://doi.org/10.1021/j150478a004RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views40Altmetric-Citations2LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (241 KB) Get e-Alerts
Instrument manual for the retarding ion mass spectrometer on Dynamics Explorer-1 (1982)

The retarding ion mass spectrometer (RIMS) for Dynamics Explorer-1 is an instrument designed to measure the details of the thermal plasma distribution. It combines the ion temperature determining capability of the retarding potential analyzer with the compositional capabilities of the mass spectrometer and adds multiple sensor heads to sample all directions relative to the spacecraft ram direction. This manual provides a functional description of the RIMS, the instrument calibration, and a description of the commands which can be stored in the instrument logic to control its operation.
Intensification of composting processes by aerobic microorganisms: A review (2008)

Microbiological and biotechnological characteristics of intensification of aerobic processing of organic waste have been reviewed, with a view for revealing two types of correlations: (1) between the quality of the composts obtained and the microorganisms involved in composting and (2) between physicochemical parameters and consumer properties of the composts.
Preparation and Evaluation of Polyaniline Lb Films (1994)

Abstract The mixed Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) films of polyaniline and stearic acid were successfully prepared. They formed stable monolayers at the air-water interface and could be deposited onto solid substrates as Y-type films using a usual LB technique. The stearic acid was removed from the LB films by either immersing the films in organic solvents or heating the films under reduced pressure. The replica method coupled with transmission electron microscopy (TEM) confirmed that these treatments were useful for the preparation of smooth films. The spectroscopic measurements proved perfect removal of the stearic acid after the treatment in solvent. Different electrochemical properties were observed for two kinds of the LB films by cyclic voltammetry. This method made it possible to prepare LB films consisting of polyaniline alone, whose thickness is only 6 A per layer.
Mechanism of Antibody Diversity: Germ Line Basis for Variability (1970)

1. S. P. 6 Ri6rdfiin and G. Daniel, New Grange (Praeger, New York, 1964). 2. G. Hawkins, Stonehenge Decoded (Doubleday, Garden City, N.Y., 1965). 3. A. Thom, Megalithic Sites in Britain (Oxford, London, 1967). 4. G. Daniel, The Megalithic Builders of Western Europe (Hutchenson, London, 1959), pp. 111-113. 5. Actually this tumulus represents what Thom calls a type D ring, one in which the two pivot stakes are placed at one-third the radius from a, rather than at the midpoint. As Fig. 3 shows, the pivots can be kept at the midpoint of the radius if a, is allowed to move inside the design. 6. L. B. Borst, Science 163, 567 (1969). 7. The monument at Borrowston Rig requires anchor points that are placed farther apart on the circumference than the intersections made by the trisecting radii demand. In this design the circle of the smaller end arc passes through the center of the larger end arc, and the wider placement of the anchor stakes may have been made on this account. The site at Maen Mawr had anchor stakes that were closer together on the circumference. If the radial line from P2 to either anchor is taken as a hypotenuse of a right triangle one side of which is half the anchor line, then the lengths of the sides of this triangle (in megalithic half-yards) are 14, 17, and 22, which is nearly Pythagorean (142+ 172= 485e 484). 8. M. Gardner, Sci. Amer. 221, 239 (1969). 9. To mention one such consequence, with the megalithic method concentric rings, such as those found at Woodhenge, can be drawn without using any special mensuration technique. That is, a rope can be lengthened by an unspecified amount and a concentric design can be drawn at once. With a flexible compass, on the other hand, the large arc in a type II egg, for example, can be drawn without special measurement but the other arcs must be changed by x amount to remain equidistant from the perimeter of the original figure. 10. Thom presents a good argument for use of a standard length of 2.72 feet (one megalithic yard) in the construction of these structures, as well as of others in both the Old World and the New. 11. The writing of this article was supported in part by the Oklahoma State University Research Foundation.
A Time‐Average Model of the RF Plasma Sheath (1988)

A time‐average model of the RF plasma sheath was developed. The ion "fluid" equations were used with a frictional force to account for ion‐neutral collisions. Consideration of the collision dynamics showed that the frictional force may be taken as proportional to the square of the ion drift velocity. The sheath model was used to investigate the ion energy and flux on the electrodes of plasma reactors. The dimensionless quantity Co (collision number) was found to be important in describing the ion motion in the sheath. An analytical expression for the ion bombardment energy was derived, in terms of Co and the sheath voltage, for the range of parameter values typical of high pressure (∼1 torr) diode plasma etchers. An application of the model to an oxygen discharge in a parallel plate reactor was considered. Over the parameter range investigated, the ion bombardment energy was found to be only a few tens of eV, much lower than typical sheath voltages (∼200 V). The ion bombardment energy was found to be a function of the sheath electric‐field‐to‐pressure ratio. The model provides a framework that can be incorporated into more general plasma reactor models which consider transport and reaction phenomena along surfaces undergoing etching.
Cold-Promoted Activation of Factor VII: Is It a Problem under Blood Bank Conditions? (1983)

Transfusion of blood or plasma kept at 4 degrees C for 12-14 h could be hazardous since about 15% of plasmas from healthy donors undergo cold activation of factor VII under such conditions. In this study we were unable to demonstrate in plasma from 209 healthy donors a significant rise in mean factor VII level after storage of plasma in the blood bank bags at 4 degrees C for 24 h. The blood bank unfavorable conditions for cold activation of factor VII were manifested in the plasma from a known cold activator whose plasma underwent cold activation in a plastic test tube while in the blood bank bag it did not. The lack of cold activation observed in blood bank versus laboratory conditions did not stem from differences in anticoagulant, in speed of centrifugation, in proportion anticoagulant-blood or in the plastic ware; it appeared to stem from differences in the ratio between plasma volume and surface of the containers used in the blood bank versus the laboratory. Since plasma factor VII from 3 out of 16 women taking contraceptives became activated in the cold even at relatively small surface exposure it seems advisable to separate and freeze as fast as possible plasma components from blood donated by women on contraceptives.
The Generation of Water in the Tobacco Oven Volatile Test (1980)

Abstract An investigation into the standard oven volatile procedure has been completed. Results have been presented which support the conclusion that ≈ 0.5 % (tobacco dry weight basis) of the oven volatiles are generated via decomposition of tobacco constituents. The use of oxygen-18 labelled water for equilibrating tobacco has provided the probe necessary to differentiate between equilibrium moisture and water generated during the oven volatile test. Mass spectrometry was utilized to detect isotopically labelled tobacco constituents. Observations that 34 % of the acetic acid and a significant portion (&gt; 50 %) of the reducing sugars exhibit oxygen-18 incorporation indicate the dynamic and interactive nature of the tobacco/ water system.
A PUF-Based Ultra-Lightweight Mutual-Authentication RFID Protocol (2011)

Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) is a technology used for automatic identification of objects, people, and virtually anything one can think of. Applications of RFID technology are expanding and its usage has been adopted worldwide. As such, major efforts have been made to secure the communications in RFID systems and to protect them from various attacks. This paper surveys RFID security vulnerabilities and some of the proposed solutions that guard against these vulnerabilities. Then, a novel approach to achieve mutual authentication for ultra-lightweight tags is proposed using Physically Unclonable Functions (PUFs). The proposed approach provides robust security properties as well as good performance.
Effects of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Size on Mid- and Long-term Mortality After Endovascular Aneurysm Repair (2019)

Our study demonstrates that midterm survival after EVAR is significantly and independently associated with AAA size even after correcting for comorbidities. However, in the long term, preoperative AAA size is not an independent predictor of mortality.
High power operation of a continuously-tunable doubly resonant optical parametric oscillator (1998)

We report on an all-solid-state source of broadly tunable single-frequency radiation from a continuous-wave (CW), doubly resonant optical parametric oscillator (OPO) based on non-critically phase-matched magnesium oxide-doped lithium niobate (MgO:LiNbO3). The oscillator is pumped at 532 nm by the second harmonic of a single-frequency Nd:YAG miniature ring laser and provides combined signal and idler output power of nearly 400 mW CW. Covering a tuning range between 1007 and 1128 nm, stable operation on a single-axial-mode pair is obtained for several hours without mode hops by use of an FM sideband-locking technique. The output frequencies of the OPO can be continuously tuned over a range of 8 GHz via precise control of the pump laser frequency. We demonstrate that operation of frequency doubler and OPO cavities with watt level pump powers is not necessarily deteriorated by optical degradation due to thermal or photorefractive effects.
Body Image in Adolescents with Disorders of Steroidogenesis (2008)

Adolescents with CAH, FMPP, and CS are at risk for negative body image regarding weight, but not height or age of appearance. Weight unhappiness is partially related to greater weight, but factors unrelated to physical findings seem to contribute to negative body image in female patients.
Influence of waveguide dispersion in fluoride glass fibres (1982)

The dispersive properties of step-index fluoride glass fibres have been evaluated using a computer model. The results show that, by a suitable choice of core diameter and index difference in these materials, the dispersion can be reduced to zero over a broad wavelength range.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Progress in Asymmetric Intermolecular C—H Activation by Rhodium Carbenoid Intermediates (2001)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Parasitic resistance current sensing topology for coupled inductors (2008)

Traditional current sensing topology based on inductor equivalent series resistance fails to extract phase currents for coupled inductors due to the presence of the magnetising inductance. This article proposes a new direct-current resistance current sensing topology for coupled inductors. By implementation of a simple resistor-capacitor network, the proposed topology can preserve the coupling effect between phases. As a result, real phase inductor currents and total current can be sensed. Detailed mathematical analysis and design equations are presented in this article. Sensitivity and mismatch issues are addressed. Experimental results show that the proposed topologies are able to extract phase current as well as total current with acceptable accuracy.
Simulation of Induction Heat Treating (2010)

Abstract This article describes the applications of induction heat treatment of metals, including normalizing, annealing, hardening, and tempering and stress relieving. It discusses the simulation techniques of the electromagnetic and thermal processes that occur during induction heat treating. The article explains the finite-difference method, finite-element method, mutual impedance method, and boundary-element method for the numerical computation of the induction heat treating processes. It also discusses the direct and indirect coupling approaches for coupling the electromagnetic and heat-transfer problems. Modern computer simulation techniques are capable of effectively simulating electromagnetic and thermal phenomena for many processes that involve electromagnetic induction. The article considers the challenges faced by developers of modern simulation software.
Targeting the OX40 (CD134) co-stimulatory receptor enhances mucosal secondary memory CD8 T cells (P270) (75.7) (2012)

Abstract The expansion and maintenance of poly-functional memory CD8 T cells (mCD8) that rapidly migrate to sites of viral replication is paramount for the development of effective mucosal vaccines. This concept is epitomized by the limited success of vaccines that utilize attenuated or replication defective virus strains incapable of promoting mCD8 T cells that persist at mucosal sites. Consequently, strategies that enhance both the number and functionality of mCD8 T cells have attracted increasing interest. Recent studies have shown that targeting of the OX40 co-stimulatory receptor can promote primary mucosal CD8 T cell memory following infection with virulent and attenuated pox-virus vaccine strains. However, the ability of OX40 co-stimulation to enhance the reactivation of secondary mCD8 T cells is unclear. To mimic a prime boost vaccination strategy we transferred virus specific mCD8 T cells into naïve mice that were later immunized via dermal scarification. We show that OX40 agonism 24 hours following vaccination enhances both the number of virus specific secondary effector mCD8 T cells, defined by their expression of KLRG, IL7-R, CD62L and CD27, located within the lung and their capacity to produce both TNFα and IFNγ. These data provide evidence that targeting OX40 at the same time as an antigen boost (secondary challenge) can expand the numbers of effector mCD8 T cells that are capable of residing within lung tissue and thus protect against mucosal viral infection.
Scene change detection in MPEG domain (2002)

Video is an important and challenging media and requires sophisticated indexing schemes for efficient retrieval from visual databases. Video segmentation is a fundamental step in video indexing and involves detection of scene changes. In this paper, we propose a fast and robust algorithm for detecting video shot boundaries in the MPEG-2 compressed bitstream with minimal decoding.
An out-of-plane grating coupler for efficient butt-coupling between compact planar waveguides and single-mode fibers (2002)

We have designed and fabricated an out-of-plane coupler for butt-coupling from fiber to compact planar waveguides. The coupler is based on a short second-order grating or photonic crystal, etched in a waveguide with a low-index oxide cladding. The coupler is optimized using mode expansion-based simulations. Simulations using a 2-D model show that up to 74% coupling efficiency between single-mode fiber and a 240-nm-thick GaAs-AlO/sub x/ waveguide is possible. We have measured 19% coupling efficiency on test structures.
DNA Fusion Vaccines Against B-Cell Tumors (2003)

The ability of naked DNA to induce immune responses against encoded antigen has been clearly demonstrated for infectious diseases (1). In many cases, the induced immunity is able to protect against infection, and can approach the efficacy of exogenous antigen (2).
Video-based assessment of cyclist-tram track interactions in wet road conditions (2022)

Cyclist underreporting of lower severity and single cyclist collisions to police results in the underestimation of the societal costs of lower severity and single cyclist collisions [1], [2]. Prevention strategies for these types of collisions are becoming a popular area of research, and video-based approaches have obvious potential for these cases, allowing for detailed analyses of underreported lower severity and single cyclist falls. Video-based studies have been used to investigate site-specific cyclist safety issues such as railway crossings [3 ]. They have also been used for near-collision or near-miss incidents and Surrogate Measures of Safety (SMoS), e.g., [4]. A recent Irish study has identified the most common collision configurations and factors with the inclusion of unreported cases [5]. Findings indicate that falls involving interactions with light rail tram tracks are common in Dublin; they were the most common infrastructural collision partner in this study and a contributing factor in 23% of single cyclist collisions (ibid.), supplementing international findings [6], [7]. Furthermore, along with increasing popularity of cycling, many new light rail systems are being implemented across Europe as part of a broader move towards sustainable transport [8]. Accordingly, further investigation is required to avoid potential conflicts. Therefore, this study aims to use video-based assessment to correlate fall risk with trajectories and crossing angles. [From: Introductiojn]