gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Evolution of Insulin Glargine and its Continuing Contribution to Diabetes Care (2014)

The epoch-making discovery of insulin heralded a new dawn in the management of diabetes. However, the earliest, unmodified soluble insulin preparations were limited by their short duration of action, necessitating multiple daily injections. Initial attempts to protract the duration of action of insulin involved the use of various additives, including vasoconstrictor substances, which met with limited success. The subsequent elucidation of the chemical and three-dimensional structure of insulin and its chemical synthesis and biosynthesis allowed modification of the insulin molecule itself, resulting in insulin analogs that are designed to mimic normal endogenous insulin secretion during both fasting and prandial conditions. Insulin glargine was the first once-daily, long-acting insulin analog to be introduced into clinical practice more than 10 years ago and is specifically designed to provide basal insulin requirements. It has a prolonged duration of action and no distinct insulin peak, making it suitable for once-daily administration and reducing the risk of nocturnal hypoglycemia that is seen with intermediate-acting insulins. Insulin glargine can be used in combination with prandial insulin preparations and non-insulin anti-diabetic agents according to individual requirements.
Duodenal biopsies of HIV-infected patients with diarrhoea exhibit epithelial barrier defects but no active secretion (1998)

A miniaturized Ussing device was developed for electrophysiological investigations of duodenal forceps biopsies, which allowed characterization of active ion transport mechanisms and epithelial barrier function. Duodenum of HIV-infected patients with diarrhoea showed no evidence for active ion secretion or Na+-glucose malabsorption, but showed an impaired epithelial barrier function, which could contribute to diarrhoea by a leak flux mechanism.
pH‐Controlled Nanoparticles Formation and Tracking of Lysosomal Zinc Ions in Cancer Cells by Fluorescent Carbazole–Bipyridine Conjugates (2018)

Abstract Fluorescent probes for simultaneous detection of multiple organelle specific analytes in cancer cells are essential for bioimaging applications. During abnormalities in cells, among other important parameters (metal ions, reactive oxygen species (ROS), enzymes, etc.) pH and Zn 2+ are also altered in cells. Herein, we report the formation of nanoparticles of the fluorescent molecules based on carbazole‐bipyridine conjugates ( CBL1‐3 ) and their use as nanoprobes to simultaneously detect Zn 2+ and pH variations in lysosome. Upon increasing the pH from 4–6, these probes form nanoparticles with increased size and enhanced fluorescence at 510 nm. Among CBL1‐3 , nanoparticles of CBL2 upon Zn 2+ binding, exhibit pH responsive intensity change only at lysosomal pH window at 610 nm and become silent above pH 7. Fluorescent imaging experiments on cancer cells revealed that the CBL2 nanoprobe is capable of localizing at lysosomes and facilitates the detection of endogenous Zn 2+ and pH variations. Furthermore, the lysosomal Zn 2+ variation with external stimuli induced programmed cell death was visualized using the nanoprobe.
Mixed-oxide sorbents for high-temperature removal of hydrogen sulfide (1986)

Several pure and mixed oxides (ZnO, CuO, ZnO-Fe_2O_3, CuO-Fe_2O_3, CuO-AI_O_3, and CuO-Fe_2O_3-Al_2O_3) were investigated as regenerable sorbents for the removal of H_2S at high temperatures. A special technique was used to prepare the sorbents in highly porous form. The sorbents were subjected to successive sulfidation-regeneration cycles in a packed-bed microreactor. Sulfidation was carried out at 538-650 °C with H_2S-H_2O-H_2-N_2 mixtures, regeneration with O_2-N_2-H_2O mixtures. Fresh, sulfided, and regenerated sorbents were characterized by XRD, SEM-EDS, and BET surface area analysis. Solid conversion and the prebreakthrough exit concentration of H_2S are discussed in terms of physical structure and thermodynamic properties of the sorbents. The performance of the sorbents CuO-Fe_2O_3, CuO-Al_2O_3, and CuO-Fe_2O_3-AI_2O_3 is discussed in terms of changes in the oxidation state of copper during sulfidation.
Phase‐matching properties of BaGa4S7 and BaGa4Se7: Wide‐bandgap nonlinear crystals for the mid‐infrared (2010)

Abstract Biaxial BaGa 4 S 7 and BaGa 4 Se 7 crystals transparent in the mid‐IR have been grown by the Bridgman–Stockbarger technique in sufficiently large sizes and with good optical quality to measure the refractive indices and analyze phase‐matching properties. (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH &amp; Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Study on Production Scheduling with Consideration of Synchronized Operations by Multiple Resources (2007)

This study deals with scheduling problems with consideration of synchronized operations by multiple production resources. Transfer of a material between a machine tool and a conveying device by a human operator is a typical example of the synchronized operations. When the synchronized operations are taken into consideration, it is necessary to check conflicts between the resources before an appropriate job is assigned by Earliest Starting Time rule, which is one of the popular dispatching rules. A new sequence is proposed in the present paper to check the conflicts. Feasible scheduling with the consideration of synchronized operations is realized by combining the proposed sequence with a conventional dispatching rule. Computational scheduling results are shown in order to verify the effectiveness of the selecting sequences proposed here. Computational scheduling is carried out, and the results show that a practical production schedule can be planned without any conflicts by the proposed sequence, despite complex constraints due to the consideration of synchronized operations. Furthermore, a blocked status of the machine tool, the conveying device and the buffer appears on the Gantt chart unlike the conventional scheduling methods.
Genetic Analysis of the Rex Mutant in Cotton (1989)

Journal Article Genetic Analysis of the Rex Mutant in Cotton Get access R. J. Kohel, R. J. Kohel U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Southern Plains Area, Southern Crops Research Laboratory, Crop Germplasm Research UnitCollege Station, Texas Address reprint requests to Dr. Kohel, USDA, ARS, SPA, SCRL P.O. Drawer DN, College Station, TX 77841 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar A. E. Percival A. E. Percival U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Southern Plains Area, Southern Crops Research Laboratory, Crop Germplasm Research UnitCollege Station, Texas Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Journal of Heredity, Volume 80, Issue 1, January 1989, Pages 78–80, https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.jhered.a110799 Published: 01 January 1989
Rubin Observatory LSST Transients and Variable Stars Roadmap (2022)

The Vera C. Rubin Legacy Survey of Space and Time holds the potential to revolutionize time domain astrophysics, reaching completely unexplored areas of the Universe and mapping variability time scales from minutes to a decade. To prepare to maximize the potential of the Rubin LSST data for the exploration of the transient and variable Universe, one of the four pillars of Rubin LSST science, the Transient and Variable Stars Science Collaboration, one of the eight Rubin LSST Science Collaborations, has identified research areas of interest and requirements, and paths to enable them. While our roadmap is ever-evolving, this document represents a snapshot of our plans and preparatory work in the final years and months leading up to the survey's first light.
Assay of gentamicin in cerebrospinal fluid. (1976)

A comparison of standard curves obtained from a conventional plate diffusion assay method revealed significant differences when gentamicin standards were made up in different media. Standards made up in distilled water resulted in a curve which differed from that of standards made up in pooled human cerebrospinal fluid by a factor of up to 4. When the assay medium was supplemented with 0-5% sodium chloride, the difference between the two standard curves was reduced to a factor of about 1-5. The curve obtained from standards made up in 150 mM sodium chloride/4-5 mM calcium chloride correlated well with that from standards made up in cerebrospinal fluid. There was no evidence of gentamicin being bound to protein in the cerebrospinal fluid.
The TickIT certification scheme (1991)

In the UK there are national procedures for the granting of authoritative certificates to organizations who can demonstrate effective quality management in line with international standards. The author explains how the Department of Trade and Industry have been working with industry to extend these procedures to the software and IT sector. Whilst TickIT is a certification scheme, this is not the main goal. The principal objective is to stimulate developers to think about what quality really is and how it may be achieved. Unless certification is purely a byproduct of the more fundamental aim of delivering quality, much of the effort will be wasted. To stimulate thinking, TickIT includes some quality themes which set out the context within which quality management systems (QMS) certification should be perceived. >
Coverage Optimization using Generalized Voronoi Partition (2009)

In this paper a generalization of the Voronoi partition is used for optimal deployment of autonomous agents carrying sensors with heterogeneous capabilities, to maximize the sensor coverage. The generalized centroidal Voronoi configuration, in which the agents are located at the centroids of the corresponding generalized Voronoi cells, is shown to be a local optimal configuration. Simulation results are presented to illustrate the presented deployment strategy.
High efficiency polarization-sensitive photovoltaic devices using oriented organic thin film (2005)

We report the fabrication of polarization-sensitive photovoltaic devices made of hetero-junction type vacuum-sublimed multilayer films composed of aligned 3,4,9,10-perylenetetracarboxylic-bis-benzimidazole (aligned-PTCBI) and titanyl phthalocyanine (TiOPc). The PTCBI layer was successfully made to be well aligned without losing high photovoltaic power-conversion efficiency. High polarization sensitivity was achieved at around 540 nm. The device configuration was ITO/In/aligned-PTCBI/TiOPc/PEDOT:PSS/Au and the thickness of each layer was optimized for polarization-sensitive photo-detection. The power-conversion efficiencies under the polarized white light parallel and perpendicular to the molecular-orientation axis, through the ITO electrode were 0.78% and 0.45%, respectively. The ratio of short-circuit current, parallel to perpendicular, was 1.66. This device can be used as transparent photo-detectors, because the transmittance of the Au electrode was about 40% at 500-600nm. The short-circuit current ratio was increased to 3.0, when 510nm monochromatic polarized light through the Au electrode was used.
Performance analysis of turbo codes (2002)

We apply transfer function bounding techniques to obtain upper bounds on the bit error rate for maximum likelihood decoding of turbo codes constructed with random permutations. These techniques are applied to two turbo codes with constraint length 3 and later extended to other codes. The performance predicted by these bounds is compared with simulation results. The bounds are useful in estimating the "error floor" that is difficult to measure by simulation, and they provide insights on how to lower this floor. More refined bounds are needed for accurate performance measures at lower signal-to-noise ratios.
A Local Collision Avoidance Method for Non-strictly Convex Objects (2009)

This paper proposes a local method to avoid collisions with continuous velocities. The main contribution of the method is that non-strictly convex polyhedra can be used as geometric models of the robot and the environment without any approximation. The problem of the continuous interaction generation between polyhedra is reduced to the continuous constraints generation between polygonal faces and the continuity of those constraints are managed by the combinatorics based on Voronoi regions of a face. A collision-free motion is obtained by solving an optimization problem defined by an objective function which describes a task and linear inequality constraints which do geometrical constraints to avoid collisions. The proposed method is examined using example cases of simple objects and also applied to a humanoid robot HRP-2.
Comprehensive Reduced-Order Models of Electrostatically Actuated MEMS Switches and Their Dynamics Including Impact and Bounce (2010)

As MEMS technology develops it is becoming better understood that MEMS designers must account for the large uncertainties characteristic of the relevant manufacturing processes. Uncertainty quantification tasks the designer with evaluating many different possible outcomes from the manufacturing process which creates a demand for models that are accurate and comprehensive, yet fast to evaluate. This work presents a comprehensive reduced-order model of electrostatically actuated switches incorporating a range of effects that are typically included only in FE modeling codes. Specifically, the model accounts for variable electrode geometry, stretching of centerline or large displacement effects, fringing field, squeeze film and rarefied gas damping, and allows for elastic contact with the dielectric substrate. Individual compact models for each of these effects are taken from literature and included in the model for the system. The dielectric substrate is modeled as an elastic foundation. The resulting partial differential equation for the switch modeled as a beam is discritized via a Galerkin method into ordinary differential equations for modal amplitudes. The Galerkin method uses the linear un-damped mode shapes of the beam to approximate the solution. Both cantilever and fixed-fixed type switches are analyzed. Static equilibrium solutions as a function of the applied voltage are developed along with their stability. Static pull-in voltages, first time of switch closure, and voltage for lift-off are studied with the model. To capture the contact dynamics, the contact condition is evaluated with the substrate divided into a large number of elements and the contact force is projected on to the beam basis functions. In the case of cantilever geometry and slow voltage variations, three stable regimes of contact configuration and hysteresis between them are demonstrated.
(Invited) Carbon Nanotube Based Photonics (2014)

Semiconducting carbon nanotubes (s-SWNT) are efficiently extracted from a raw nanotube powder using an ultracentrifugation method with a conjugated polymer as extracting agent. This method leads to obtention of metallic-free s-SWNT samples, displaying strong photoluminescence properties. An integration scheme to couple s-SWNT optical properties with silicon waveguide using processes compatible with silicon technology is proposed, and we demonstrated the emission of s-SWNT throught the silicon waveguide at a wavelength of 1.3 µm. This integration scheme is used to couple s-SWNT with silicon microring resonators. Sharp emission peaks originating from light coupled and resonning inside the microring are observed, with quality factors around 3000.
Expression and localization of VEGF receptors in human fetal skeletal tissues. (2012)

During development the vertebrate skeleton is the product of deriving cells from distinct embryonic lineages. The craniofacial skeleton is formed by migrating cranial neural crest cells, whereas the axial and limb skeletons are derived from mesodermal cells. The Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors (VEGFs) / receptors (VEGFRs) system plays an important role in angiogenesis, as well as osteogenesis, during bone development, growth, and remodeling, attracting endothelial cells and osteoclasts and stimulating osteoblast differentiation. Recent evidence has shown that during development VEGFR-3 is also expressed in neural and glial precursors of forebrain and cerebellum, as well as in the eye. In this study, we found that VEGFR-1, VEGFR-2 and VEGFR-3 are expressed in human bone both in fetal and adult life. The gene expression levels were significantly higher in fetal samples especially in mandibles. In addition, higher levels of VEGFR-3 in orofacial district were confirmed by western blotting analysis. We also observed that in fetal mandibular samples VEGFRs colocalized in several osteoblasts, osteoclasts and osteoprogenitor cells. Furthermore, some cells coexpressed VEGFR-3 and ET-1, a marker of neural crest cells. The results demonstrated different expression of VEGFRs in human mandibular and femoral bones which could be correlated to their different structure, function and development during organogenesis. VEGFR-3 might represent a specific signal for ectomesenchymal lineage differentiation during early human development.
Two-Stage Convolutional Neural Network for Medical Noise Removal via Image Decomposition (2019)

Most of the existing medical image denoising methods focus on estimating either the image or the residual noise. Moreover, they are usually designed for one specific noise with a strong assumption of the noise distribution. However, not only the random independent Gaussian or speckle noise but also the structurally correlated ring or stripe noise is ubiquitous in various medical imaging instruments. Explicitly modeling the distributions of these complex noises in the medical image is extremely hard. They cannot be accurately held by the Gaussian or mixture of Gaussian model. To overcome the two drawbacks, in this paper, we propose to treat the image and noise components equally and convert the image denoising task into an image decomposition problem naturally. More precisely, we present a two-stage deep convolutional neural network (CNN) to model both the noise and the medical image simultaneously. On the one hand, we utilize both the image and noise to separate them better. On the other hand, the noise subnetwork serves as a noise estimator which guides the image subnetwork with sufficient information about the noise, thus we could easily handle different noise distributions and noise levels. To better cope with the gradient vanishing problem in this very deep network, we introduce both the short-term and long-term connections in the network which could promote the information propagation between different layers efficiently. Extensive experiments have been performed on several kinds of medical noise images, such as the computed tomography and ultrasound images, and the proposed method has consistently outperformed state-of-the-art denoising methods.
In-Service Location of Multiple Fiber Faults in WDM/SCM-PONs with Low-Frequency Stepwise Sweep and l1 Regularization (2017)

We present a monitoring technique that can be directly integrated in the transceiver for WDM/SCM-PON applications. It is based on the detection of the backscattered signal from a baseband tone and interpretation with the LASSO operator for multiple fault detection.
Deep Machine Learning - A New Frontier in Artificial Intelligence Research [Research Frontier] (2010)

This article provides an overview of the mainstream deep learning approaches and research directions proposed over the past decade. It is important to emphasize that each approach has strengths and "weaknesses, depending on the application and context in "which it is being used. Thus, this article presents a summary on the current state of the deep machine learning field and some perspective into how it may evolve. Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) and Deep Belief Networks (DBNs) (and their respective variations) are focused on primarily because they are well established in the deep learning field and show great promise for future work.
ChemInform Abstract: Additions of Malononitrile Radicals to Alkenes under Mild Conditions Using 2,2′‐Azobis‐(2,4‐dimethyl‐4‐methoxyvaleronitrile) (V‐70) as an Initiator. (1997)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Gradient-index micro-optic glasses based on ion-exchange techniques (1989)

Due to unique characteristics of gradient-index glass rod as a micro-lens, a variety of micro-optic devices for communication use and new optical components for photo-copiers and facsmile machines have been developed. Ion-exchange techniques which were used to the fabrication of gradient-index micro-lens have also been applied to the fabrication of such new micro-optic glasses as 2-dimensional matrix lenses and optical waveguide circuits. This paper reviews the fabrication processes and applications of gradient-index micro-optic glasses based on ion-exchange techniques.
Antimicrobial Chlorinated Bibenzyls from the Liverwort Riccardia marginata (2004)

Three new chlorinated bibenzyls 3, 4, and 5, have been isolated from the New Zealand liverwort Riccardia marginata. This is the first report of simple chlorinated bibenzyls from any natural source. Compounds 3-5 showed antimicrobial activity against Bacillus subtilis, Candida albicans, and Trichophyton mentagrophytes.
A Validated Mathematical Model of Tumour-Immune Interactions for Glioblastoma (2013)

This paper provides a new mathematical approach for modelling the influence of the cells of the immune system, more precisely of microglial cells, on the progression of malignant primary brain tumours. A hybrid approach is used to model the cellular tumour progression, the development of the local nutrient concentration and of the density of the extracellular matrix (ECM). Microglia present in the surrounding of brain tumours are activated and attracted by signals emitted by tumour cells, which are described by a partial differential equation. The secretion of matrix degrading enzymes from microglia/macrophages can be modelled with the help of an additional term for the degradation of the ECM. This supports a more invasive migration of tumour cells. Parameter estimation and model validation use data from published studies and from our own in-vitro experiments. To our knowledge, we present for the first time a model of microglial cells in the context of tumour growth. The simulations reproduce quantitatively the in-vitro experimental data on glioma cells invasion and proliferation. Moreover, the experimental in-silico results match with the cell behaviour reported in the literature. The proposed model, thus, is a promising approach for modelling brain tumour growth at the cellular level taking the innate immune system into account. Keywords: Dynamic behavior, Glioma, In-vitro experiments, Microglia, Microscopic images, Probabilistic simulation.