gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Simultaneous segmentation and tree reconstruction of the coronary arteries in MSCT images (2003)

Multislice CT angiography (MSCTA) is an emerging modality for assessing the coronary arteries. The use of MSCTA for coronary artery disease (CAD) quantification requires an assessment procedure of the coronary arteries that is automated as much as possible. We present an algorithm for the segmentation of the coronary tree with simultaneous extraction of the centerline and the tree-structure. Our approach limits the required user interaction to the placement of one landmark in the left and right main coronary artery respectively. The whole segmentation process takes about 15 s on a mid-sized PC (1GHz) including a real-time visualization of the segmentation in progress. The presented method combines a fast region expansion method (fast marching/front propagation) with heuristic reasoning. The spreading front is monitored for front-splitting enabling branch detection and simultaneous tree reconstruction of the segmented object. This approach allows for the individual treatment of tree-branches with respect to, e.g., threshold settings and reasoning on tree and sub-tree level. This approach can be applied quite generally to the segmentation of tree-like structures. The segmentation results support efficient reporting by enabling automatic generation of overview visualizations, guidance for virtual endoscopy, generation of curved MPRs along the vessels, or cross-sectional area graphs.
Monte Carlo simulation study of hole mobility in germanium MOS inversion layers (2010)

In this paper transport in the inversion layer of a Ge channel pMOS structure is studied using a full 6-band k·p Monte Carlo simulator. In addition to the usual bulk-scattering mechanisms, which are calibrated and validated against the available experimental data, effects of the gate stack are included via SO phonons and surface roughness scattering. Through careful calibration and consideration of these mechanisms, good qualitative and quantitative agreement is achieved with experimental data.
Analysis of Shrimp Hemolymph and Ionic Modification of aPenaeusCell Culture Formulation (1992)

The levels of 19 constituents of penaeid shrimp hemolymph were analytically determined. Ionic components of hemolymph were influenced by water salinity but not by water pH or temperature. Levels of hemolymph metabolites varied from sample to sample; the differences were possibly generated by variations in diet and stress. Enzymatic measurements were reported for possible comparison with future studies on stress, health, or immune status of cultured penaeid populations. Data were also used to determine an appropriate ionic mixture for shrimp cell culture.
Towards automatic geometric algorithms for solving fundamental problems in computer graphics, medical and biological imaging applications (2005)

An important goal of many computer vision an image processing techniques is to extract useful quantitative information contained in images in order to achieve some higher level task. For these tools to be of any practical use, common requirements are robustness and automation so bigger amounts of information can be reliably processed as increasingly demanded by computer graphics, computer vision, biological and medical applications. We develop a number of such techniques demonstrating their particular impact in non-photo realistic rendering, statistical analysis of HIV infected particles, video segmentation under severe occlusions and variability analysis of white matter structure in the brain. 
Non-Photorealistic Rendering (NPR) is an important modality of computer generated stylized depiction. Virtually all state-of-the-art algorithms require manual or used assisted tasks when extracting scene and geometry features from either 2D images or full 3D models. Using multiple images as input, we propose a novel hybrid model that provides a degree of automation not achieved by any existing NPR technique. 
Electron tomography allows determination of the three-dimensional architecture of subcellular assemblies and organelles at very high resolutions. Development of reliable quantitative approaches for interpretation of tomograms is a challenging problem because of the low signal-to-noise ratios that are inherent to biological images. We present methods for the automated segmentation of tomograms obtained from HIV-infected macrophages by developing a novel algorithm that finds image boundaries as global minimal surfaces. 
Despite numerous efforts by researchers, successful tracking of moving objects that possibly change shape and are subject to occlusions still remains a challenging problem. We present an algorithm that handles particularly well the presence of severe and total occlusions by adopting an edge based segmentation approach that finds boundaries as a minimal surfaces in 3D space-time. 
Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI) allows elucidation of neural paths in the white matter of the brain which is of paramount importance for understanding brain anatomy and has also implications for surgical planing. We will work on tensor based segmentation techniques for the automatic extraction of fiber bundles from DTI, using a novel statistical region based approach.
In Vivo Mitochondrial p53 Translocation Triggers a Rapid First Wave of Cell Death in Response to DNA Damage That Can Precede p53 Target Gene Activation (2004)

p53 promotes apoptosis in response to death stimuli by transactivation of target genes and by transcription-independent mechanisms. We recently showed that wild-type p53 rapidly translocates to mitochondria in response to multiple death stimuli in cultured cells. Mitochondrial p53 physically interacts with antiapoptotic Bcl proteins, induces Bak oligomerization, permeabilizes mitochondrial membranes, and rapidly induces cytochrome c release. Here we characterize the mitochondrial p53 response in vivo. Mice were subjected to gamma irradiation or intravenous etoposide administration, followed by cell fractionation and immunofluorescence studies of various organs. Mitochondrial p53 accumulation occurred in radiosensitive organs like thymus, spleen, testis, and brain but not in liver and kidney. Of note, mitochondrial p53 translocation was rapid (detectable at 30 min in thymus and spleen) and triggered an early wave of marked caspase 3 activation and apoptosis. This caspase 3-mediated apoptosis was entirely p53 dependent, as shown by p53 null mice, and preceded p53 target gene activation. The transcriptional p53 program had a longer lag phase than the rapid mitochondrial p53 program. In thymus, the earliest apoptotic target gene products PUMA, Noxa, and Bax appeared at 2, 4, and 8 h, respectively, while Bid, Killer/DR5, and p53DinP1 remained uninduced even after 20 h. Target gene induction then led to further increase in active caspase 3. Similar biphasic kinetics was seen in cultured human cells. Our results suggest that in sensitive organs mitochondrial p53 accumulation in vivo occurs soon after a death stimulus, triggering a rapid first wave of apoptosis that is transcription independent and may precede a second slower wave that is transcription dependent.
Return-beam-induced oscillations in self-coupled semiconductor lasers (1976)

When a stripe-geometry heterostructure GaAlAs laser is irradiated by its own output beam, oscillations in the 1–100 MHz range are generated in the laser, and the frequency f of the oscillation varies with the length 2L of the optical path of the beam returned as f = α(c/2L), with α ≪ 1, where c is the velocity of light.
A clinical and microbiological evaluation of systemic and local metronidazole delivery in adult periodontitis patients (1997)

The present study describes results on selected clinical and microbiological parameters obtained by treatment with local (Elyzol) and systemic (Flagyl) use of metronidazole alone and/or mechanical subgingival debridement in adult periodontitis. Patients were randomly divided into local and systemic treatment groups each comprising 5 individuals in each of whom 4 sites (one site/ quadrant) with a probing depth of > or = 5 mm were selected and treated with separate treatment modalities. The overall treatment design provided 6 different test groups. Groups of quadrants received: (1) scaling and root planing; (2) local metronidazole treatment; (3) systemic metronidazole treatment; (4) local metronidazole combined with scaling and root planing; (5) systemic metronidazole combined with scaling and root planing; (6) no treatment. The microbiological and clinical effects of treatment modalities were monitored over a period of 42 days. All treatments resulted in clinical improvements (gingivitis, probing pocket depth, attachment level) except for the untreated group. Parallel to the clinical changes, all treatments reduced the number of total bacteria and proportions of obligately anaerobic microorganisms. Although both of the combined treatment groups responded to therapy with better resolution of infection that the pure mechanical and pure metronidazole treatments, local metronidazole in combination with scaling and root planing seems to be more effective in terms of producing both clinical and microbial improvements.
60.1: Optical Rewritable Electronic Paper with Fluorescent Dye Doped Liquid Crystal (2008)

Abstract New optical rewritable (ORW) electronic paper is the joint result of advanced photoalignment of liquid crystals, optical engineering and flexible LCD technologies. We report improvement of both dark and bright states of reflective ORW e‐paper by doping LC with fluorescent dye, which absorb blue light &amp; emit in green with high efficiency.
Bionomics of Mussidia nigrivenella (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) on three host plants (1999)

Abstract Life table studies of Mussidia nigrivenella Ragonot, a pest of maize in Benin, showed that host plant species had a significant effect on larval survival and developmental time. The maximum percentage of larvae surviving was recorded on jackbean, Canavalia ensiformis (36%) and lowest on maize (18%). Mean developmental time for larvae was longest on maize (19.8 days) and shortest on jackbean (17.2 days). The number of eggs laid was highest for females from larvae fed on jackbean (x– = 176), followed by velvetbean, Mucuna pruriens (x– = 143), and lowest for females where larvae had fed on maize (x–= 127). Longevity of ovipositing females was higher on jackbean (5.4 days) than of those from any other host plants. According to the growth index and life table statistics, jackbean was the most suitable host plant, followed by velvetbean, and maize, the least suitable. Thus, jackbeans should be recommended for use in mass rearing programmes of M.nigrivenella , e.g. as a host for parasitoids in future biological control programmes. Because of the high suitability of jack- and velvetbeans for M.nigrivenella , planting of these increasingly important cover crops should be timed in such a manner that the emergence of female moths from mature pods does not coincide with maize plants in a suitable developmental stage for oviposition and development of young M. nigrivenella larvae.
Ureteral stents and their use in endourology (2002)

Ureteral stents have assisted urologists in the performance of surgery of the urinary tract for many years. They can have both diagnostic and therapeutic value, but are used most frequently as adjuncts to endoscopic or minimally invasive procedures. This review provides an update of the current uses for ureteral stents, technology of biomaterials, complications associated with indwelling ureteral stents and the future of stents in urology.
A new chiral solvating agent for carboxylic acids based on directed hydrogen bonding (1995)

Abstract Readily available structural modules were combined to a new chiral receptor for carboxylic acids which shows triple hydrogen‐bonding to various substrates. Large chemical shift anisochronies were observed with chiral and prochiral carboxylic acids.
Diffusion of Sb, Ga, Ge, and (As) in TiSi2 (1988)

Gallium, Sb, and Ge were implanted into thick (about 400 nm) layers of TiSi2 prepared by metal-silicon reaction. The diffusion of the implanted atoms was analyzed by means of secondary ion mass spectrometry. Gallium was introduced because a former study had shown that the usual p-type dopant B does not diffuse in TiSi2. Germanium was used in lieu of a Si tracer. Its diffusion characteristics are compared to those of P and As (as well as Si) which had been investigated previously. Germanium and Ga diffuse readily above 600 °C, but Sb does not. Its diffusion appears to be limited to grain-boundary effects. Accumulations of the diffusing atoms are observed (except for Sb) at the silicide-silicon interface. These are due to kinetic effects, namely fast diffusion at grain boundaries and interfaces, rather than to real adsorption which is an equilibrium condition. Because diffusion in intermetallic compounds has been shown to be significantly affected by variations in stoichiometry, experiments were conducted with films implanted not only with foreign atoms but with Ti as well. These did not lead to significantly different observations.
Fine Pitch Au-SnAgCu Joint-in-via Flip-Chip Packaging (2007)

One of the obstacles for wide adoption of flip chip in semiconductor packaging lies in the geometry pitch mismatch between die and substrate. This is due to the lagging advancement in substrate designs meant to satisfy the corresponding pad pitch on the die. This paper introduces an innovative joint-in-via (JIV) architecture to improve pad pitch resolutions on substrates. Different micro-via formation techniques (mechanical punch, chemical etch and laser) are assessed on both rigid and flexible substrate to realize the JIV architecture. A 70μm-pitch substrates with a landing pad size of 50 #x003bc;m has been successfully implemented for direct flip- chip application. At a larger pad pitch, the JIV offers a large receiving pad size and enables the use of conventional die bonders for flip-chip bonding. A solid-liquid interdiffusion bonding technique, using compressive force (SLICF), was chosen with the Au-SnAgCu solder system to achieve an instantaneous fluxless, lead-free, flip-chip bonding. Intermetallic analyses were identified using Scanning Electron Microscope and Energy-dispersive X-ray analysis to study the Au-SnAgCu system. Preliminary package assessment showed that the JIV using Au-SnAgCu is able to pass the standard reliability tests.
Anystis baccarum: An Important Generalist Predatory Mite to be Considered in Apple Orchard Pest Management Strategies (2014)

The increasing concern over the continued use of pesticides is pressurising apple growers to look for alternatives to chemical pest control. The re-discovery, and subsequent conservation, of the beneficial predatory mite, Anystis baccarum (Linnaeus) (Acari: Anystidae), in Bramley apple orchards in Northern Ireland offers a potential alternative control component for incorporation into integrated pest management strategies. Anystis baccarum readily feeds upon economically important invertebrate pest species including European fruit tree red spider mite, Panonychus ulmi (Koch) (Acari: Tetranychidae) and show a level of compatibility with chemical pesticides. Recent mis-identification by apple growers of this beneficial mite species had resulted in unnecessary pesticide applications being applied within Northern Irish apple orchards. However, dissemination of information to the apple growers and promotion of the benefits this mite offers in apple orchards has helped to conserve its populations. Apple growers, across the United Kingdom, must be encouraged to be aware of A. baccarum, and indeed all predatory fauna, within their orchards and seek to conserve populations. In doing so, it will ensure that the British apple market remains an environmentally sustainable production system.
WE‐E‐224A‐02: The Role of External Beam in Brachytherapy (2006)

Combination of permanent low dose‐rate interstitial implantation (LDR‐BRT) and external beam radiotherapy (EBRT) has been used in the treatment of clinically localized prostate cancer. Patients treated with this regimen initially receive an I‐125 implant prescribed to 110 Gy followed, two months later, by 50.4 Gy in 28 fractions using intensity modulated external beam radiotherapy. While a high radiation dose is delivered to the prostate in this setting, the actual biologic dose equivalence compared to monotherapy is not commonly invoked. I shall describe methodology for obtaining the fused dosimetry of this combined treatment and assigning a dose equivalence which in turn can be used to develop desired normal tissue and target constraints for biologic‐based treatment planning. Furthermore, I shall argue that LDR‐EBRT treatments, when properly designed, may confer significant advantages in terms of: a) escalating the dose without normal tissue penalties, b) avoid the question of organ motion, and c) decrease significantly the size of the PTV.
Striatal gene expression of RGS2 and RGS4 is specifically mediated by dopamine D1 and D2 receptors: clues for RGS2 and RGS4 functions (2003)

Of all partners involved in G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR) signalling, the regulator of G-protein signalling (RGS) proteins are the only ones showing fast gene expression changes after various stimuli. These expression changes can offer feedback regulation to GPCR signalling as RGS accelerate the return of G-proteins to their inactive form and exert regulatory functions on intracellular effectors. However, it is not yet known which RGS regulate which receptor transduction pathways in the brain. To start to answer this question, we studied the influence of specific agonists and antagonists of the dopamine D1 and D2 receptors on the gene expression of the five most abundant RGS in the striatum: RGS2, RGS4, RGS8, RGS9 and RGS10. Only changes in RGS2 and RGS4 mRNA levels were observed. The D1 agonist SKF82958 and D2 antagonist haloperidol caused an up-regulation of RGS2 (+ 38.0% and + 41.6%, respectively). The D1 antagonist SCH23390 and D2 agonist quinpirole caused a down-regulation of RGS2 (- 25.0% and - 35.0%) and an up-regulation of RGS4 (+ 57.2% and + 52.5%). D1 and D2 receptors exert opposite effects on RGS2 expression, as they do on cAMP levels, suggesting a cAMP-mediated transcription of RGS2. This was confirmed by the unique induction of RGS2 (+ 111.1%) observed in the periventricular zone of the striatum after intracerebroventricular injection of forskolin. RGS4 was up-regulated only when RGS2 was down-regulated. This suggests that both RGS exert distinct functions. Considering the coupling of D1 and D2 receptors to the intracellular effector adenylate cyclase 5 (AC5) through their respective Galpha subunits in the striatum, our data allow us to suggest that RGS2 regulates the D1/Galphaolf/AC5 pathway and RGS4 the D2/Galphao/AC5 pathway.
Experimental research of silicon flowmeters based on piezoresistance effect (2002)

The experimental results are presented for silicon flowmeter in a range of gas range 20 - 1000 1/h.
Pedestrian Detection Using Covariance Descriptor and On-line Learning (2011)

Pedestrian detection is an important yet challenging problem in object classification due to flexible body pose, loose clothing and ever-changing illumination. In this paper, we employ covariance features and propose an on-line learning classifier which combines naive Bayes classifier and cascade support vector machines (SVM) to improve the precision and recall rate of pedestrian detection in still images. Experimental results show that our strategy can significantly increase both precision and recall rates in some difficult situations. Furthermore, even under the same initial training condition, our method outperforms HOG + AdaBoost in USC Pedestrian Detection Test Set, INRIA Person dataset and Penn-Fudan Database for Pedestrian Detection and Segmentation.
Anticonvulsant drugs used in the treatment of epilepsy. (1992)

The pharmacology of anticonvulsant drugs is reviewed with emphasis placed on the treatment of canine and feline epilepsy. Due to pharmacokinetic reasons, only phenobarbital, primidone, and, with certain limitations, the benzodiazepines can be used in dogs. Bromides may be given additionally in cases that cannot be controlled with phenobarbital or promidone therapy. In cats, diazepam has been shown to be very useful because no tolerance develops to the antiepileptic effect in this species.
Effect of Probiotic Treatment in Broiler Chicks on Intestinal Macrophage Numbers and Phagocytosis of Salmonella Enteritidis by Abdominal Exudate Cells (2007)

Previous data have indicated that a Lactobacillus-based probiotic culture (FM-B11) is efficacious in reducing Salmonella Enteritidis colonization within 24 h when administered within 1 h of challenge. We hypothesized that the innate immune system, specifically macrophages, may play a role in the observed reduction of Salmonella Enteritidis colonization with probiotic treatment. Day-of-hatch chicks were challenged with Salmonella Enteritidis and then treated with the probiotic culture 1 h later. Three other treatment groups were not treated (negative control), challenged only, or treated with probiotic only. In all experiments, probiotic treatment on the day of hatch reduced (P < 0.05) cecal Salmonella Enteritidis recovery as compared with the control treatment. In experiments 1 and 2, immunohistochemistry was used to evaluate the presence of macrophages (KUL01+) in the ileum and cecum of 7 to 10 chicks per group at 24 h posttreatment. In experiment 1, the number of macrophages observed per 10,000 microm(2) in the ileum of Salmonella Enteritidis-challenged chicks was higher (P < 0.05) than that of nonchallenged chicks (4.87 +/- 0.31 vs. 3.05 +/- 0.19). In the cecum, there were more (P < 0.05) macrophages per 10,000 microm(2) in chicks receiving probiotic treatment without challenge than in negative control chicks (5.32 +/- 0.41 vs. 3.66 +/- 0.35). However, in experiment 2 we found no differences among treatments in the numbers of macrophages for both the ileum and cecum. Experiments 3 and 4 were performed to evaluate the ability of Sephadex-elicited abdominal exudate cells (AEC) from chicks to phagocytose Salmonella Enteritidis in vitro. Abdominal exudate cells were isolated from the abdominal cavity, maintained in tissue culture plates overnight, and then assayed for phagocytic activity by coincubating with Salmonella Enteritidis. In experiment 3, more (P < 0.05) Salmonella Enteritidis was recovered from AEC derived from probiotic-treated chicks than in any other treatment. However, in experiment 4, all treatments resulted in similar levels of elicited AEC, and phagocytosis of Salmonella Enteritidis was at low levels in all groups. Although not conclusive, the modest differences detected in experiments 1 and 3, and the fact that those differences were not repeatedly detectable, suggest that these macrophage-related changes were not solely responsible for the reductions of Salmonella Enteritidis following probiotic treatment.
Initial conditioning of Polymer Eelectrolyte Membrane fuel cell by temperature and potential cycling (2015)

Polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells need initial conditioning, activation or break-in the first time they are operated after being assembled. During this period performance of the fuel cell improves until it reaches its nominal performance. The exact mechanism of this initial conditioning is not completely understood, but it is assumed that during the conditioning process the polymer membrane, as well as the polymer in the catalyst layer, get humidified, and the number of active catalyst sites increases. Activation procedure proposed here consists of temperature and potential cycling. Temperature cycling is a new approach for the conditioning and the idea is to rapidly cool the running cell at some point to allow the membrane to equilibrate with condensed water which should result in higher intake of water within the membrane. The results show that proposed procedure is better or at least comparable to some conventional procedures for the initial conditioning.