gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
No-regret learning in convex games (2008)

Quite a bit is known about minimizing different kinds of regret in experts problems, and how these regret types relate to types of equilibria in the multiagent setting of repeated matrix games. Much less is known about the possible kinds of regret in online convex programming problems (OCPs), or about equilibria in the analogous multiagent setting of repeated convex games. This gap is unfortunate, since convex games are much more expressive than matrix games, and since many important machine learning problems can be expressed as OCPs. In this paper, we work to close this gap: we analyze a spectrum of regret types which lie between external and swap regret, along with their corresponding equilibria, which lie between coarse correlated and correlated equilibrium. We also analyze algorithms for minimizing these regret types. As examples of our framework, we derive algorithms for learning correlated equilibria in polyhedral convex games and extensive-form correlated equilibria in extensive-form games. The former is exponentially more efficient than previous algorithms, and the latter is the first of its type.
Nitric oxide donors improve prednisone effects on muscular dystrophy in the mdx mouse diaphragm (2011)

In Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), palliative glucocorticoid therapy can produce myopathy or calcification. Since increased nitric oxide synthase activity in dystrophic mice promotes regeneration, the outcome of two nitric oxide (NO) donor drugs, MyoNovin (M) and isosorbide dinitrate (I), on the effectiveness of the anti-inflammatory drug prednisone (P) in alleviating progression of dystrophy was tested. Dystrophic mdx mice were treated (18 days) as controls or with an NO donor ± P. Fiber permeability and DNA synthesis were labeled by Evans blue dye (EBD) and bromodeoxyuridine uptake, respectively. P decreased body weight gain, M increased quadriceps mass, and I increased heart mass. P increased fiber permeability (%EBD+ fibers) and calcification in diaphragm. Treatment with NO donors + P (M+P, I+P) reduced %EBD+ fibers and calcification vs. P alone. %EBD+ fibers in M+P diaphragm did not differ from control. NO donor treatment reduced proliferation and the population of c-met+ cells and accelerated fiber regeneration. Concurrent with P, NO donor treatment suppressed two important detrimental effects of P in mice, possibly by accelerating regeneration, rebalancing satellite cell quiescence and activation in dystrophy, and/or increasing perfusion. Results suggest that NO donors could improve current therapy for DMD.
Experiments of Vapor–Liquid Phase Transition of Fluids Confined in Nanopores: Implications on Modeling (2022)

A review of the vapor–liquid phase transitions of confined fluids is presented with emphasis on recent experimental findings that have direct implications on modeling. Experimental methods to investigate the phase transition of confined fluids are also discussed. Although adsorption/desorption experiments are the most common and important methods in this field, other new methods are developed to investigate properties and behaviors that are not easily done using adsorption/desorption, such as the recent isochoric-cooling experiments using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) that provide new findings and insights into different aspects of phase transition of confined pure fluids and mixtures, as well as experiments using nanofluidic devices that gain some attentions due to their ability to visually observe what is happening in the pores. For the modeling, engineering equations of state, which are the most attractive models for industries, are discussed. Although some promising results of these equations of state have been achieved, a lot of work still needs to be done as new findings have been experimentally unveiled. Future experiments needed for deeper physics understanding and better model development on nanoconfined fluids are identified.
Measurements of thermal frequency chirp in directly modulated DFB lasers and thermal transient induced frequency drift during fast tuning in GCSR lasers using frequency discrimination technique (2004)

Frequency deviations in a regime of high rate current fluctuations in distributed feedback (DFB) and grating coupler sample reflector (GCSR) lasers are measured using novel statistical frequency discrimination technique. Thermal time constants of the order of nanoseconds are observed in both.
Screening for alcoholism by life-style risk assessment in a community hospital (1991)

In a community hospital, physicians identified with unusually high frequency (90%) the alcoholics they admitted to a medical-surgical service when life-style risk assessment was performed routinely. Identification rates were retrospectively evaluated based on chart documentation; 100 consecutive admissions receiving assessment interviews were compared with 100 consecutive admissions for a period 6 months later. During the screening period, plans addressing alcohol-related problems routinely appeared in the discharge summaries (71%), referral recommendations were frequently made for residential alcoholism treatment (52%), and intentions were stated to follow-up alcohol abuse problems in the office (43%). Decreases in these rates were observed when life-style risk assessment was not performed. Identification was made in 57% of patients; plans were stated concerning alcohol-related problems in 29%; residential referral was recommended in 5%; and office follow-up was arranged for 24%. The risk assessment program was economical and well received by the patients, the physician staff, and the hospital administration. No specialized program for physician education was utilized. (<i>Arch Intern Med</i>. 1991;151:958-964)
Hydrothermal Corrosion and Strength Degradation of Aluminum Nitride Ceramics (2000)

The hydrothermal corrosion and strength degradation of aluminum nitride (AlN) ceramics were investigated. The weight gain in AlN ceramics after corrosion occurred because of the formation of boehmite. The reaction kinetics of AlN with water were diffusion controlled through the boehmite product layer. At 180°C, immersion in water caused no strength degradation, and water vapor caused a 20% strength degradation. At 300°C, immersion in water caused a 20% strength degradation, and water vapor caused a 30% strength degradation.
First steps toward an adaptive spoken dialogue system in medical domain (2001)

Recently ITC-irst (Interactive Sensory System division) and University of Pavia (Medical Informatics Labs) are working together to realize an intelligent (adaptive) dialogue system with language understanding capabilities. In this framework, some telemedicine services able to handle multimodal interactions (i.e. input/output can be provided by both voice and/or other devices such as: keyboard, mouse, etc : : : ) are going to be investigated and developed. Although the system is placed in medical domains, the basic concepts can be transferred towards other applications. In this papers we define the problem, explain the basic ideas, some theoretical foundation and report the early steps we have done to achieve the goal.
Anthropomorphic Low-Inertia High-Stiffness Manipulator for High-Speed Safe Interaction (2017)

In this paper, a manipulator is proposed for safe human-robot interaction at high speed. The manipulator has both low mass and inertia and high stiffness and strength. It is basically a cable-driven manipulator; nevertheless, by using a unique lightweight tension-amplification mechanism, the manipulator retains high stiffness and strength. The joint stiffness, which is strongly related to the motion control performance, is amplified by the quadratic order. Both 1-degree of freedom (DOF) and 3-DOF joint mechanisms using the tension-amplification mechanism are presented and combined to develop a 7-DOF anthropomorphic manipulator named LIMS. The mass and inertia beyond the shoulder were 2.24 kg and 0.599 kg·m <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> , respectively, which are lower than those of a human. The stiffness of the developed elbow joint was 1410 N·m/rad, which is approximately seven times higher than that of a human. Considering the ratio of stiffness to inertia, the manipulator is expected to show a control performance that is comparable to those of conventional industrial manipulators. Comprehensive experiments, including joint stiffness tests and high-speed interaction tests, were conducted to verify the feasibility of the developed manipulator.
Effect of temporary occlusion of the hepatic vein on dual blood in the liver: evaluation with spiral CT. (1995)

After hepatic venous occlusion, the portal veins become draining veins and the occluded area is supplied with arterial blood alone.
Femtosecond gain and index dynamics in an InAs/InGaAsP quantum dot amplifier operating at 1.55 µm (2006)

We report on the characterization of the ultrafast gain and refractive index dynamics of an InAs/InGaAsP self-assembled quantum dot semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA) operating at 1.55 mum through heterodyne pump-probe measurements with 150 fs resolution. The measurements show a 15 ps gain recovery time at a wavelength of 1560 nm, promising for ultrafast switching at >40 GHz in the important telecommunications wavelength bands. Ultrafast dynamics with 0.2-1.5 ps lifetimes were also found consistent with carrier heating and spectral hole burning. Comparing with previous reports on quantum dot SOAs at 1.1-1.3 mum wavelengths, we conclude that the carrier heating is caused by a combination of free-carrier absorption and stimulated transition processes.
A CMOS dual channel, 100 MHz-1.1 GHz transmitter for cable applications (2003)

A dual channel wideband transmitter for cable applications with more than a decade frequency coverage consists of two parallel transmitters that are both fully operational from 100 MHz up to 1.1 GHz, Using a single-ended current-mode output topology, the RF output signals are losslessly combined. The on-chip integrated oscillators have measured 55 MHz-1200 MHz tuning range. The 3/sup rd/-order harmonic of the oscillator signal is filtered by a wideband active buffered polyphase filter. Using this filter, a linear mixer topology and a linear output driver, all distortion components are below -40 dBc. Intermodulation products of the two channels are all below -48 dBc. This guarantees that the parallel channels do not disturb the other channels in the frequency band even without any channel-specific filtering. Each channel delivers the required -16 dBm RF output signal in a 75 /spl Omega/ double terminated load. The measured noise floor is situated at -139.8 dBc/Hz. The chip is in standard 0.5 /spl mu/m CMOS.
Fabrication of Porous Calcium Phosphate by Using a Pre-Form of Nature Material (2010)

Porous calcium phosphates were successfully fabricated by using a cuttlefish bone. The cuttlefish bone, which is composed of CaCO 3 , showed a special porous microstructure containing uniform-sized voids. In this study, the pre-forms infiltrated distilled phosphoric acid were sintered at 1200 o C in an air atmosphere. The porous microstructure of the pre-forms was kept their original pattern after sintering with a synthesis of calcium phosphate. The obtained porous calcium phosphate, sintered at 1200 o C for 3 h at 17% concentration of phosphoric acid, showed uniform open pores of 150 m in size and -TCP phase in the XRD patterns. Above 16% concentration, CaO phase, derived from the decomposition of CaCO 3 , decreased gradually in the sintered samples, and the measured Ca/P ratios of the samples prepared from 16% and 18% concentration were 1.67 and 1.43, which are close to stoichiometric HA (1.66) and -TCP (1.50).
In Vivo Wound Healing Response to a Modified Degradable Fibrin Scaffold (1998)

Pooled donor fibrin with an ultimate fibrinogen concentration of 60 mg/ml was used to study its effect on wound healing of surgically created ulcers in a rabbit ear. Water soluble polymer (PEG Mw = 20 KD) beads of 100-150 microns were added (12% by volume) to the fibrinogen to obtain a porous and rough structure. Five 6 mm-diameter ulcers to the depth of bare cartilage were created on each rabbit ear. There were two periods of study (4 and 8 days), with 15 ulcers in each time period, 5 of which were treated with a modified fibrin scaffold, 5 with a non-modified fibrin scaffold, and 5 served as control ulcers. The ulcer sites were subjected to routine histological processing and histomorphometrical quantification. Data analysis revealed significant increases in volume fraction of fibroblast and number of blood vessels in the modified fibrin scaffold treated ulcers over control and non-modified fibrin scaffold treated groups.
Teens on the telephone (2000)

Analyses teen phone behaviour – regarding conversational skills among some boys with girls. Reveals some interesting household co‐ordination and parental supervision issues around the use of the telephone. Concludes that, as there is an advance in technology, more and more services will be used creatively to resolve conflict between social control and monitoring and individual identity.
Long-read-sequenced reference genomes of the seven major lineages of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) circulating in modern time (2020)

Abstract Background Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) is an enteric pathogen responsible for the majority of diarrheal cases worldwide. ETEC infections are estimated to cause 80,000 fatalities per year, with the highest rates of burden, ca 75 million cases per year, amongst children under five years of age in resource-poor countries. It is also the leading cause of diarrhoea in travellers. Previous large-scale sequencing studies have found seven major ETEC lineages currently in circulation worldwide. Results We used PacBio long-read sequencing combined with Illumina sequencing to create high-quality complete reference genomes for each of the major lineages with manually curated chromosomes and plasmids. The plasmids carrying ETEC virulence genes were compared to other available long-read sequenced ETEC strains using blastn. The ETEC reference strains harbour between two and five plasmids, including virulence, antibiotic resistance and phage-plasmids. The virulence plasmids carrying the colonisation factors are highly conserved as shown by comparison with plasmids with other ETEC strains and confirm that the plasmids and chromosomes of ETEC are both crucial for ETEC virulence and success as pathogens. Conclusion We confirm that the major ETEC lineages all harbour conserved plasmids that have been associated with their respective background genomes for decades. The in-depth analysis of gene content, synteny and correct annotations of plasmids will elucidate other plasmids with and without virulence factors in related bacterial species. These reference genomes allow for fast and accurate comparison between different ETEC strains, and these data will form the foundation of ETEC genomics research for years to come.
Photoredox catalysis enabled alkylation of alkenyl carboxylic acids with N-(acyloxy)phthalimide via dual decarboxylation (2017)

A ruthenium based photoredox catalyst in combination with a substoichiometric amount of 1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane (DABCO) efficiently catalyzed dual decarboxylative couplings between alkenyl carboxylic acids and N-(acyloxy)phthalimides derived from aliphatic carboxylic acids, delivering alkylated styrene derivatives in a high regio- and stereo-selective manner under mild reaction conditions. Various types of secondary, tertiary, and quaternary aliphatic carboxylic acids as well as α-amino acids can be used as suitable substrates. Mechanistic analysis suggested that the reaction proceeds through a radical mechanism mediated by a Ru(i)/Ru(ii) catalytic cycle with DABCO acting both as the base and the co-catalyst for single electron transfer.
Physical Principles and Applications of Passive Walking (2017)

A passive walker can walk down shallow slope with no energy source other than gravity. This motion is very attractive because its gait is really natural and ideal. Moreover, the walker can exhibit a stable limit cycle. Dynamics of passive walking is very interesting target and important for understanding human locomotion and developing the biped robots. In this paper, we introduce principles and applications of passive walking.
Fixed-point error analysis of the lattice and the Schur algorithms for the autocorrelation method of linear prediction (1989)

Levinson recursions, Schur recursions, and lattice recursions provide three different ways of computing reflection coefficients for a stationary time series. Of these three approaches, only the Schur and lattice algorithms are scaled algorithms that can be implemented in fixed-point arithmetic. The authors study the finite arithmetic properties of the Schur and lattice recursions. They derive error variances for the reflection coefficients and present experimental results which agree very closely with the analytical results. They show analytically and experimentally that lattice recursions have a significant accuracy advantage over Schur recursions when the problem is ill-conditioned or, equivalently, when the absolute values of the reflection coefficients are close to one. This result is not surprising since the lattice recursions, which compute reflection coefficients by QR-factoring a Toeplitz data matrix, are 'square-root' recursions with respect to Schur recursions, which compute reflection coefficients by Cholesky-factoring a Toeplitz correlation matrix that is quadratic in the data.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Bioinspired phospholipid polymer for improvement of biofouling on titanium alloy substrate (2011)

Inspired by mussel adhesion mechanism, a new bioinspired polymer containing phospholipid polar groups for ultra-low biofouling was designed. The polymer (named as PMDP) was composed of both 2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine (MPC) unit and 3,4-dihydroxyphenyl group for surface anchoring. The PMDP coating with 20 nm in thickness could be formed on titanium (Ti) alloy substrate simply by 10s dip coating without drying process. Even when the Ti alloy substrate with PMDP coating was immersed in the aqueous medium for a week, no change in the thickness was observed, that is, the PMDP adhered very stably. Adsorption of protein occurred on the Ti alloy substrate; however, it could not be observed on the PMDP coated Ti alloy substrate. Thus, the PMDP coating was effective to suppress biofouling. It is concluded that the surface treatment process with PMDP is quite simple, quick and reliable, which has great potential for improvement of biofouling on the Ti alloy substrate as implant devices.
Nonlinear waves, solitons and chaos (1991)

This revised and updated second edition of a highly successful book is the only text at this level to embrace a universal approach to three major developments in classical physics; namely nonlinear waves, solitons and chaos. The authors now include new material on biology and laser theory, and go on to discuss important recent developments such as soliton metamorphosis. A comprehensive treatment of basic plasma and fluid configurations and instabilities is followed by a study of the relevant nonlinear structures. Each chapter concludes with a set of problems. This text will be particularly valuable for students taking courses in nonlinear aspects of physics. In general, it will be of value to final year undergraduates and beginning graduate students studying fluid dynamics, plasma physics and applied mathematics.
Effects of Controlled Atmosphere (CA) Storage on Amino Acids, Organic Acids, Sugars, and Rate of Respiration of ‘Lambert’ Sweet Cherry Fruit1 (1970)

Abstract Sweet cherries (cultivar—‘Lambert’) were kept in a controlled atmosphere (CA) consisting of 10.5 per cent CO 2 and 2.5 per cent O 2 at 1°C. The sample fruits were taken periodically during the treatment and also after termination of the CA treatment. The concentration of amino acids, tyrosine and α-amino butyric acid; organic acid, malic acid; and total sugars were determined on an ethanolic extract of the fruit pulp. The respiratory CO 2 was measured for separate lots of 1.2 to 1.5 kg of fruit. Fruit stored at higher CO 2 concentration had a lower amount of tyrosine, higher amounts of α-amino butyric and malic acids than in fruits stored in the conventional refrigerator at 1°C. The respiratory rate was inhibited, and there was no significant effect on total sugar content.
Efficacy trial of pipobroman in polycythemia vera and incidence of acute leukemia. (1984)

A trial was conducted between 1970 and 1981 with pipobroman (PB) in 100 consecutive patients with polycythemia vera (PV), followed for a median time of 60 months, to evaluate the efficacy of this drug and assess the risk of acute leukemia. Phlebotomy was not done before PB was given. Hematologic remission was achieved in 92% of previously untreated patients in a median time of 12 weeks (range, 6-48 weeks) and maintained for a median of 48 months. Acute hematologic toxicity was absent. The median overall survival was 140 months with 65% five-year complication-free survival; the overall death rate at 12 years was 23% (6% of patients died of thrombotic complications). The actuarial risk of acute leukemia was 6% and 9% at five and seven years, and the time from the diagnosis of PV to leukemia ranged from 14 to 81 months. Myelofibrosis occurred in three patients and lung carcinoma in one. All leukemias were nonlymphoid with prominent monocytic component and dyserythropoiesis. One patient had erythroleukemia, two cases were heralded by preleukemia with chromosomal abnormalities, one involving the chromosomes 5 and 7. PB is effective in PV; however, despite an easy induction of remission, continuous low-dose maintenance is necessary and the risk of subsequent acute leukemia is still significant.
Direct His bundle pacing preserves coronary perfusion compared with right ventricular apical pacing: a prospective, cross-over mid-term study (2008)

Direct His bundle pacing is superior to RVAP in preserving the physiologic distribution of myocardial blood flow and reducing mitral regurgitation and left ventricular dyssynchrony.
A Thomson scattering diagnostic system for measurement of electron properties of processing plasmas (1999)

In recent years, the method of incoherent Thomson scattering has been used in the study of glow discharge plasmas to measure electron properties such as electron density and electron temperature. In this paper, we report the development of a Thomson scattering diagnostic system that is appropriate for measurements in glow discharges containing reactive chemical species. The new scattering system is based on a low-pulse-energy, high-repetition-rate YAG laser, a multipass cell for the laser beam, and an ICCD camera for simultaneous detection of the entire scattered spectrum. Measurements made in an electron cyclotron resonance plasma using the new system are presented. The lower detection limit of electron density is estimated to be .
Serum iPTH, calcium and phosphate, and the risk of mortality in a European haemodialysis population (2010)

Patients with iPTH, calcium and phosphate levels within the KDOQI target ranges have the lowest risk of mortality compared with those outside the target ranges.