gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Electrical Stimulation of Broca's Area Enhances Implicit Learning of an Artificial Grammar (2009)

Artificial grammar learning constitutes a well-established model for the acquisition of grammatical knowledge in a natural setting. Previous neuroimaging studies demonstrated that Broca's area (left BA 44/45) is similarly activated by natural syntactic processing and artificial grammar learning. The current study was conducted to investigate the causal relationship between Broca's area and learning of an artificial grammar by means of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS). Thirty-eight healthy subjects participated in a between-subject design, with either anodal tDCS (20 min, 1 mA) or sham stimulation, over Broca's area during the acquisition of an artificial grammar. Performance during the acquisition phase, presented as a working memory task, was comparable between groups. In the subsequent classification task, detecting syntactic violations, and specifically, those where no cues to superficial similarity were available, improved significantly after anodal tDCS, resulting in an overall better performance. A control experiment where 10 subjects received anodal tDCS over an area unrelated to artificial grammar learning further supported the specificity of these effects to Broca's area. We conclude that Broca's area is specifically involved in rule-based knowledge, and here, in an improved ability to detect syntactic violations. The results cannot be explained by better tDCS-induced working memory performance during the acquisition phase. This is the first study that demonstrates that tDCS may facilitate acquisition of grammatical knowledge, a finding of potential interest for rehabilitation of aphasia.
Conserved F84 and P86 residues in αB‐crystallin are essential to effectively prevent the aggregation of substrate proteins (2006)

Previously, we have shown that residues 73-92 (sequence DRFSVNLDVKHFSPEELKVK) in alphaB-crystallin are involved in preventing the formation of light scattering aggregates by substrate proteins. In this study, we made single substitutions of three conserved amino acid residues (H83 --> A, F84 --> G, and P86 --> A) and a nonconserved amino acid residue (K90 --> C) in the functional region of alphaB-crystallin and evaluated their role in anti-aggregation activity. Mutation of conserved residues led to changes in intrinsic tryptophan intensity, bis-ANS binding, and in the secondary and tertiary structures. The H83A mutation led to a twofold increase in molar mass, while the other mutants did not produce significant changes in the molar mass when compared to that of wild-type protein. The chaperone-like activity of the H83A mutant was enhanced by 15%-20%, and the chaperone-like activity of F84G and P86A mutants was reduced by 50%-65% when compared to the chaperone-like activity of wild-type alphaB-crystallin. The substitution of the nonconserved residue (K90 --> C) did not induce an appreciable change in the structure and function of the mutant protein. Fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) assay demonstrated that destabilized ADH interacted near the K90 region in alphaB-crystallin. The data show that F84 and P86 residues are essential for alphaB-crystallin to effectively prevent the aggregation of substrate proteins. This study further supports the involvement of the residues in the 73-92 region of alphaB-crystallin in substrate protein binding and chaperone-like action.
27 Cross-talk between intracellular calcium signalling pathways activated by neuropeptide Y and angiotensin II in human erythroleukaemia cells (1993)

Bürki, E.; Centeno, C.; Burnier, Michel; Waeber, Bernard; Brunner, Hans R. Author Information
The hydrodynamics of fast flotation (2013)

Abstract — The recovery of hydrophobic particles from low grade, dilute, solids streams frequently requires a significant number of large flotation cells to account for a low flotation rate constant. However, this approach is often considered uneconomical due to the substantial capital investment and energy consumption. Hence, valuable particles are subsequently discharged to tailings. Key parameters governing the kinetics of flotation include the bubble diameter and the shear rate, while the extraction rate is limited by the bubble surface flux, Sb = 6jg/Db. However, for a given bubble diameter, Db, the imposed gas flux, jg, is constrained in conventional flotation by the need to operate with a distinct froth and bubbly-pulp zone to ensure effective separation. An excessive jg will result in flooding and ineffective separation as the overflow begins to resemble the underflow. The bubble surface flux, Sb, is limited to 30 to 60 s-1 in conventional flotation [1]. This study is concerned with enhancing the kinetics of flotation by accommodating extreme feed and gas fluxes. Extreme bubble surface fluxes, up to 600 s-1, were produced. This was achieved by incorporating an arrangement of parallel inclined channels below the main vertical chamber. This novel arrangement enhanced the bubble-liquid segregation, preventing the entrainment of bubbles to the underflow. Keywords- kinetics, flotation, bubble surface flux, inclined channels, segregation I.
Analytical Modeling for Delay-Sensitive Video Over WLAN (2011)

Delay-sensitive video transmission over IEEE 802.11 wireless local area networks (WLANs) is analyzed in a cross-layer optimization framework. The effect of delay constraint on the quality of received packets is studied by analyzing “expired-time packet discard rate”. Three analytical models are examined and it is shown that M/M/1 model is quite an adequate model for analyzing delay-limited applications such as live video transmission over WLAN. The optimal MAC retry limit corresponding to the minimum “total packet loss rate” is derived by exploiting both mathematical analysis and NS-2 simulations. We have shown that there is an interaction between "packet overflow drop" and "expired-time packet discard" processes in the queue. Subsequently, by introducing the concept of virtual buffer size, we will obtain the optimal buffer size in order to avoid "packet overflow drop". We finally introduced a simple and yet effective real-time algorithm for retry-limit adaptation over IEEE 802.11 MAC in order to maintain a loss protection for delay-critical video traffic transmission, and showed that the average link-layer throughput can be improved by using our adaptive scheme.
[The microglia hypothesis of psychiatric disorders]. (2011)

The etiology of psychiatric disorders such as depression and schizophrenia remains unclear while, in many aspects, the neuropathology of these disorders has recently been reported to be closely associated with neuroinflammation. Despite the fact that microglia comprise only < 10% of the total brain cells, microglia respond rapidly to even minor pathological changes in the brain and may contribute directly to neuroinflammation by producing various pro-inflammatory cytokines and free radicals. We and other researchers have recently shown the inhibitory effects of some antidepressants as well as some typical/atypical antipsychotics on the release of inflammatory cytokines and free radicals from activated microglia, both of which have recently been discovered to cause the synaptic pathology, a decrease in neurogenesis, and white matter abnormalities found in the brains of patients with psychiatric disorders. The microglia hypothesis of psychiatric disorders may shed new light on a therapeutic strategy for these disorders.
PolyDot Coded Privacy Preserving Multi-Party Computation at the Edge (2022)

We investigate the problem of privacy preserving distributed matrix multiplication in edge networks using multi-party computation (MPC). Coded multi-party computation (CMPC) is an emerging approach to reduce the required number of workers in MPC by employing coded computation. Existing CMPC approaches usually combine coded computation algorithms designed for efficient matrix multiplication with MPC. We show that this approach is not efficient. We design a novel CMPC algorithm; PolyDot coded MPC (PolyDot-CMPC) by using PolyDot codes. We exploit "garbage terms" that naturally arise when polynomials are constructed in the design of PolyDot-CMPC to reduce the number of workers needed for privacy-preserving computation. We show that entangled polynomial codes, which are consistently better than PolyDot codes in coded computation setup, are not necessarily better than PolyDot-CMPC in MPC setting.
Transmission of 3.2 Tb/s (80 × 42.7 Gb/s) over 5200 km of UltraWave™ fiber with 100-km dispersion-managed spans using RZ-DPSK format (2002)

Eighty 42.7-Gb/s, 100-GHz-spaced WDM channels were transmitted over 52 times 100 km of UltraWavetrade fiber. We employed dispersion-managed fiber spans, return-to-zero differential-phase-shift-keyed modulation, balanced detection, and all-Raman amplification to achieve this capacity times distance record of 16.6 petabit-km/s for 40-Gb/s transmission
Silicon photonics design rule checking: Application of a programmable modeling engine for non-Manhattan geometry verification (2014)

This paper presents design rule checking (DRC) methods to address challenges caused by non-Manhattan geometries that are widely present in photonic integrated circuit (PIC) physical designs. Verifying such layouts with traditional DRC tools results in a huge number of false errors that are impossible to debug; and some physical rules are simply uncheckable. We demonstrate the use of an extended DRC technique on photonic designs to tackle these issues. The results show that the technique is well-suited for silicon photonics DRC, enabling false errors to be filtered in a controllable manner, leading to easier debugging with layout annotation; multi-dimensional rule checking to be performed; and mathematical expressions to be used for more accurate descriptions of physical rules.
IHS protocols support new features on the home network (1989)

The successful home network must be expandable, and also 'future-proof': i.e. capable of supporting all features in the units connected to it-even those not yet invented! The European IHS (Integrated Home System) network has a flexible architecture which allows the consumer to keep expanding his system, and supports menu-passing to achieve the 'future-proof' requirement.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Identification of Insulin Variants in Patients with Hyperinsulinemia by Reversed-Phase, High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (1985)

We have characterized the molecular forms of circulating insulins in patients with hyperinsulinemia of diverse etiology. We have also compared the efficacy of various chromatographic conditions using reversed-phase (RP) HPLC. Using 0.2% trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) and triethylamine (TEA) with acetonitrile as the organic modifier, at an elution rate of 0.17%/min, porcine, bovine, and human insulins could be easily separated as well as abnormal insulins in the plasma of a patient (J.R.) with hyperinsulinemia of unknown etiology. When the reversed-phase C18 column was changed and a gradient of 0.33%/min was used, the abnormal insulin in patient J.R. could not be separated. By changing the solvent system to acetonitrile and isopropanol (vol:vol, 3:1) containing 0.1% TFA, omitting the TEA, and using a gentle gradient of 0.1%/min, various semisynthetic analogues of human insulin could be easily separated and the abnormal insulin could be identified in the plasma of the patient J.R. Abnormal insulin was also found in a patient with MEN-I, but in contrast, the insulins in eight patients with benign sporadic insulinomas appeared to be normal. These results suggest that certain hyperinsulinemic states may be associated with an abnormal insulin and that RP-HPLC is useful for identification of insulin variants in the circulation. However, the conditions of RP-HPLC may be critical if the abnormalities of the insulin are subtle.
High-performance carbon nanotube/polyaniline artificial yarn muscles working in biocompatible environments (2022)

Implantable artificial muscles are of great importance for muscle function restoration and physical augmentation but are still challenging. Herein, we report an artificial muscle by soaking-polymerization of polyaniline (PANI) inside a carbon nanotube (CNT) yarn. Working in aqueous biocompatible solutions, the yarn muscle generates a large contractile stroke of 17% and high isometric stress of 8 MPa at voltages lower than 2 V. The excellent performance can be ascribed to the large actuation volume that is enabled by the fast electrochemical redox of PANI confined in a coiled yarn structure. The actuation performance outperforms that of previously reported aqueous artificial yarn muscles. Moreover, the yarn muscle can work well and maintain excellent actuating performance in other biocompatible solutions such as normal saline and Na2SO4 aqueous solution, which makes the CNT/PANI yarn muscles suitable for implantable bionic applications. Finally, a biomimetic arm was fabricated to demonstrate the applications of the CNT/PANI yarn artificial muscle in implantable muscle, underwater robots, and soft exoskeletons.
Theoretical Study of Inter-Planer Ordering of Mg-Based LPSO Structures (2016)

To study the physical origin of the periodic arrangement of the quadrople solute-enriched layers in Mg-based LPSO structures, we carry out first-principles calculations of the formation energy of the L1 2 cluster and investigate effects of phonon on the inter-planer ordering of the solute-enriched layers using the 1-dimensional chain model with mass change. The formation energy of the L1 2 cluster increases as the period of the LPSO structure decreases. Thus, it is found that the electron-mediated interaction is short-range repulsive. On the other hand, in the case of considerably heavy mass change, the ordering of the mass changes is stabilized by phonons and the energy gain increases with the concentration of the mass changes, i.e., the short LPSO period is favorable. A promising mechanism of the inter-planer ordering of the LPSO structures is the phonon-mediated interaction of the quadrople layers where heavy solute atoms are enriched as the L1 2 clusters at SFs.
Alum Settling and Filtration Treatment of Liquid Swine Manure (2006)

A physical/chemical treatment train, which involved preliminary settling for 24 h followed by coagulation/flocculation of supernatant, and filtration, was applied to raw flushed swine manure in bench- and pilot-scale experiments to investigate the effectiveness of the treatment train against the removal of total suspended solids (TSS) and total phosphorus (TP). Alum was used as a coagulant at an average dose of 1600 mg L-1. In the bench-scale experiments, alum treatment was performed using a jar test apparatus, and filtration was achieved by using polycarbonate track-etched membrane filters of pore sizes of 10 and 20 m. At the pilot plant, coagulation, flocculation, and clarification were achieved in a custom-designed sludge blanket clarifier equipped with inclined plate settlers, followed by media filtration in a set of three patented Martin filter columns containing glass beads of different void sizes ranging from 5 to 25 m. Overall percent reductions in TSS and TP were 85% (from 9944 to 1470 mg L-1) and 64% (from 449 to 163 mg L-1) in the bench-scale experiments and were 76% (from 3945 to 936 mg L-1) and 75% (from 164 to 40 mg L-1) in the pilot plant treatment, respectively. Preliminary settling was found to be a very effective step, which removed 53% to 56% and 22% to 28% of TSS and TP, respectively, from the raw liquid swine manure. Moderate reduction in chemical oxygen demand was also observed, while the treatment train had little effect on total Kjeldahl nitrogen and dissolved solids. Particle size distribution analysis showed that most of the phosphorus in the liquid manure was associated with particles <10 m in size and that coagulation and flocculation could enhance the phosphorus removal considerably. At the end of the pilot-scale experiment, approximately 70% and 50% of the initial mass of TSS and TP was removed from the liquid swine manure, respectively, as preliminary settling sludge, whose volume was accounted for approximately 36% of the volume of initial raw manure.
A Secret Sharing Scheme Based on Group Presentations and the Word\n Problem (2012)

A (t,n)-threshold secret sharing scheme is a method to distribute a secret\namong n participants in such a way that any t participants can recover the\nsecret, but no t-1 participants can. In this paper, we propose two secret\nsharing schemes using non-abelian groups. One scheme is the special case where\nall the participants must get together to recover the secret. The other one is\na (t,n)-threshold scheme that is a combination of Shamir's scheme and the\ngroup-theoretic scheme proposed in this paper.\n
Role of growth factors in the uveal tract of the eye as targeted to the development of new drugs (1991)

Abstract The uveal tract of the eye, which consists of the iris, ciliary body, and choroid, is responsible for the primary nutritional supply of the ocular structures, especially the retina and, through the production of aqueous and vitreous humors, for nourishment of avascular intraocular structures such as the lens, cornea, and trebecular meshwork. The growth factors that have been detected in the uveal tract include fibroblast growth factor, epidermal growth factor, transferrin, transforming growth factor‐β, nerve growth factor, epidermal growth factor, and insulin‐like growth factors. These mitogens in the uveal tract influence the metabolism and proliferative activity of intraocular structures, and have major implications for the health and disease of the eye. We discuss the possible therapeutic role of growth factors, as well as the prospects for, and hurdles in, drug development for their use in various ocular disorders such as degenerative and proliferative diseases, neovascularization, glaucoma, ocular ischemic syndromes, cataract, neoplasms, and wound healing well as in the modulation of HLA‐DR expression.
Natural IgM Switches the Function of Lipopolysaccharide-Activated Murine Bone Marrow–Derived Dendritic Cells to a Regulatory Dendritic Cell That Suppresses Innate Inflammation (2015)

We have previously shown that polyclonal natural IgM protects mice from renal ischemia/reperfusion injury (IRI) by inhibiting the reperfusion inflammatory response. We hypothesized that a potential mechanism involved IgM modulation of dendritic cells (DC), as we observed high IgM binding to splenic DC. To test this hypothesis, we pretreated bone marrow-derived DC (BMDC) with polyclonal murine or human IgM prior to LPS activation and demonstrated that 0.5 × 10(6) IgM/LPS-pretreated BMDC, when injected into wild-type C57BL/6 mice 24 h before renal ischemia, protect mice from developing renal IRI. We show that this switching of LPS-activated BMDC to a regulatory phenotype requires modulation of BMDC function that is mediated by IgM binding to nonapoptotic BMDC receptors. Regulatory BMDC require IL-10 and programmed death 1 as well as downregulation of CD40 and p65 NF-κB phosphorylation to protect in renal IRI. Blocking the programmed death ligand 1 binding site just before i.v. injection of IgM/LPS-pretreated BMDC or using IL-10 knockout BMDC fails to induce protection. Similarly, IgM/LPS-pretreated BMDC are rendered nonprotective by increasing CD40 expression and phosphorylation of p65 NF-κB. How IgM/LPS regulatory BMDC suppress in vivo ischemia-induced innate inflammation remains to be determined. However, we show that suppression is dependent on other in vivo regulatory mechanisms in the host, that is, CD25(+) T cells, B cells, IL-10, and circulating IgM. There was no increase in Foxp3(+) regulatory T cells in the spleen either before or after renal IRI. Collectively, these findings show that natural IgM anti-leukocyte Abs can switch BMDC to a regulatory phenotype despite the presence of LPS that ordinarily induces BMDC maturation.
Radiotherapy and CTLA-4 Blockade Shape the TCR Repertoire of Tumor-Infiltrating T Cells (2017)

Immune checkpoint inhibitors activate T cells to reject tumors. Unique tumor mutations are key T-cell targets, but a comprehensive understanding of the nature of a successful antitumor T-cell response is lacking. To investigate the T-cell receptor (TCR) repertoire associated with treatment success versus failure, we used a well-characterized mouse carcinoma that is rejected by CD8 T cells in mice treated with radiotherapy (RT) and anti-CTLA-4 in combination, but not as monotherapy, and comprehensively analyzed tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) by high-throughput sequencing of the <i>TCRΒ</i> CDR3 region. The combined treatment increased TIL density and CD8/CD4 ratio. Assessment of the frequency of T-cell clones indicated that anti-CTLA-4 resulted in fewer clones and a more oligoclonal repertoire compared with untreated tumors. In contrast, RT increased the CD8/CD4 ratio and broadened the TCR repertoire, and when used in combination with anti-CTLA-4, these selected T-cell clones proliferated. Hierarchical clustering of CDR3 sequences showed a treatment-specific clustering of TCRs that were shared by different mice. Abundant clonotypes were commonly shared between animals and yet treatment-specific. Analysis of amino-acid sequence similarities revealed a significant increase in the number and richness of dominant CDR3 motifs in tumors treated with RT + anti-CTLA-4 compared with control. The repertoire of TCRs reactive with a single tumor antigen recognized by CD8<sup>+</sup> T cells was heterogeneous but highly clonal, irrespective of treatment. Overall, data support a model whereby a diverse TCR repertoire is required to achieve tumor rejection and may underlie the synergy between RT and CTLA-4 blockade. <i>Cancer Immunol Res; 6(2); 139-50. ©2017 AACR</i>.
C/EBPα Regulation of the Growth-Arrest-Associated Gene gadd45 (1996)

CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein alpha (C/EBPalpha) is expressed in postmitotic, differentiated adipocytes and is required for adipose conversion of 3T3-L1 cells in culture. Temporal misexpression of C/EBPalpha in undifferentiated adipoblasts leads to mitotic growth arrest. We report here that growth arrest- and DNA damage-inducible gene 45 (gadd45) is preferentially expressed in differentiated 3T3-L1 adipocytes similar to phenotype-associated genes. Furthermore, C/EBPalpha transactivates a reporter plasmid containing 1.5 kb of the gadd45 promoter region. The proto-oncogene myc, which inhibits adipocyte differentiation, abrogates C/EBPalpha activation of gadd45. gadd45 is known to be a target of the tumor suppressor p53 in a G1 checkpoint activated by DNA damage. Immunoprecipitation of radiolabeled proteins with conformation-specific antibodies revealed that wild-type p53 is expressed throughout 3T3-L1 adipocyte development, including the postmitotic period characterized by the accumulation of gadd45 and C/EBPalpha. A stable 3T3-L1 subline was engineered to express a dominant negative p53, human p53(143ala). The p53(143ala) subline differentiated to adipocytes and showed appropriate developmental expression of gadd45. These findings suggest that postmitotic growth arrest is coupled to adipocyte differentiation via C/EBPalpha stimulation of growth arrest-associated and phenotype-associated genes.
Subclinical Atrial Fibrillation: A Silent Threat with Uncertain Implications (2021)

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is one of the most common cardiac arrhythmias. Implantable and wearable cardiac devices have enabled the detection of asymptomatic AF episodes-termed subclinical AF (SCAF). SCAF, the prevalence of which is likely significantly underestimated, is associated with increased cardiovascular and all-cause mortality and a significant stroke risk. Recent advances in machine learning, namely artificial intelligence-enabled ECG (AI-ECG), have enabled identification of patients at higher likelihood of SCAF. Leveraging the capabilities of AI-ECG algorithms to drive screening protocols could eventually allow for earlier detection and treatment and help reduce the burden associated with AF.