gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Transdermal Electrophysiological Recordings of Diabetic Small Fiber Peripheral Neuropathy Using a Needle Electrode Array in Mice and Men (2023)

Abstract Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) is a common complication of diabetes. Proactive treatment options remain limited, which is exacerbated by a lack of sensitive and convenient diagnostics, especially early in disease progression or specifically to assess small fiber neuropathy (SFN), the loss of distal small diameter axons that innervate tissues and organs. We designed, fabricated, tested, and validated a first-of-its-kind medical diagnostic device for the functional assessment of transdermal small fiber nerve activity. This device, the Detecting Early Neuropathy (DEN), is an electrically conductive needle array designed to record nerve electrical activity in the skin and subdermal tissues. DEN recordings were validated across a time course of diet-induced DPN in mice, using statistical and computational analyses compared to other SFN measures. Based on these preclinical mouse data, the device design was adapted to obtain recordings in human with a flexible printed circuit board to mold to the leg or other skin regions. The DEN successfully recorded various types of neural activity in mouse and human, with or without stimulation, including validated action potentials and electromyography signals. New functional diagnostic tools like DEN offer a promising outlook for patients needing an earlier or more sensitive diagnosis of SFN/DPN, to allow for earlier and more effective treatment options, especially as more become available in the clinic in future years.
55nm high mobility SiGe(:C) pMOSFETs with HfO/sub 2/ gate dielectric and TiN metal gate for advanced CMOS (2004)

For the first time, MOS transistors with compressively strained SiGe(:C) channel, metal gate and high-k dielectric are demonstrated down to 55nm gate length. SiGe(:C) surface channel pMOSFETs with HfO/sub 2/ gate dielectric exhibit a 10/sup 4/ gate leakage reduction and a 65% mobility enhancement at high transverse effective field (1MV/cm) when compared to the universal SiO/sub 2//Si reference. With such a thin Equivalent Oxide Thickness (EOT= 16-18/spl Aring/), this represents the best gate leakage/mobility trade-off ever published.
Molecular genetic investigation of neurogenesis in the rat auditory pathway from postnatal days until adulthood (2021)

Neurogenesis is defined as the process of developing new neurons from neural stem cells. Neural stem cells haven been identified in various nuclei along the auditory pathway. The neurogenic potential of the auditory pathway is of special interest in relation to its potential therapeutic and renewable characteristics. At the molecular genetic level neurogenesis is controlled by complex mechanisms navigating the expression of various genes.
Proposing a reinforcement learning based approach for feature selection (2012)

In supervised learning scenarios, feature selection has been studied widely in the literature. Here, feature selection is considered as an empirical strategy of restricting state space and lessen the complexity of hypothesis. In this work we introduce the environment as a one player game and improve a reinforcement learning method to traverse the state space and learn from experiments. In this way we exert a Monte Carlo based method, and adapt the problem with the requirements of such procedure. As we need to reward each action and evaluate the states, we employ SVM classifier according to selected features. Moreover SVM is used to determine the appropriation of selected features and evaluate the final subset of features. At last we compare this work with the state of the art methods. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of our algorithm.
A Simple Model for Interpreting the Reaction–Diffusion Characteristics of Li-Air Batteries (2017)

With the goal of creating a model of a Li-air battery that is consistent with voltammetry data, we develop a full battery model capable of giving insight into details of cell operation otherwise inaccessible to common experimental techniques. With this model, we investigate the dependence of the current on: the diffusion characteristics of the electrolyte, the solubility of the ambient oxygen, the structure of the cathode, and aspects of the primary surface reaction. We explore modifications to a basic reaction-diffusion model of a full cell that bring better agreement with experimental data, including gas-electrolyte surface limited diffusion and a partially active cathode. We discuss how the basic form of the model and the simulated reaction and concentration profiles affect cell dynamics.
On Radio Resource Allocation in LTE Networks with Machine-to-Machine Communications (2013)

The introduction of Machine-to-Machine (M2M) communications in cellular networks creates a whole new set of challenges due to the unique service requirements and features of M2M devices. One such challenge is the radio resource management, particularly on the uplink. The requirements of high energy efficiency coupled with diverse QoS requirements of M2M devices and conventional Human-to-Human (H2H) users complicate the resource allocation problem. In this paper, we address the issue of energy efficient radio resource allocation for M2M/H2H co-existence scenarios in LTE networks, while meeting the QoS requirements for different users. Our proposed algorithm shows encouraging performance in achieving the desired objectives, compared to existing algorithms in literature.
Capturing Relightable Human Performances under General Uncontrolled Illumination (2013)

Abstract We present a novel approach to create relightable free‐viewpoint human performances from multi‐view video recorded under general uncontrolled and uncalibated illumination. We first capture a multi‐view sequence of an actor wearing arbitrary apparel and reconstruct a spatio‐temporal coherent coarse 3D model of the performance using a marker‐less tracking approach. Using these coarse reconstructions, we estimate the low‐frequency component of the illumination in a spherical harmonics (SH) basis as well as the diffuse reflectance, and then utilize them to estimate the dynamic geometry detail of human actors based on shading cues. Given the high‐quality time‐varying geometry, the estimated illumination is extended to the all‐frequency domain by re‐estimating it in the wavelet basis. Finally, the high‐quality all‐frequency illumination is utilized to reconstruct the spatially‐varying BRDF of the surface. The recovered time‐varying surface geometry and spatially‐varying non‐Lambertian reflectance allow us to generate high‐quality model‐based free view‐point videos of the actor under novel illumination conditions. Our method enables plausible reconstruction of relightable dynamic scene models without a complex controlled lighting apparatus, and opens up a path towards relightable performance capture in less constrained environments and using less complex acquisition setups.
Initial drug treatment in Parkinson’s disease: (2015)

#### The bottom line A 69 year old retired bus driver with no medical history of note presented to the outpatients department with a three year history of progressive tremor of the right hand; slowness of movement; and difficulty turning in bed at night, buttoning shirts, and using cutlery. He is keen to know what is wrong and whether it can be treated. Parkinson’s disease is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterised by tremor, rigidity, bradykinesia, and a wide spectrum of non-motor symptoms including sleep disorders, hyposmia, bladder and bowel dysfunction, fatigue, dementia, and other neuropsychiatric symptoms.1 Although the disease has no cure, available treatments effectively control motor symptoms and improve quality of life.2 3 Several drug classes are licensed for use as monotherapy in early Parkinson’s disease and adjuvant therapy in later disease:
Biomechanical and histological data from abdominal aortas harvested in autopsy (2021)

This data article describes biomechanical and histological information of abdominal aortas harvested in autopsy. Eight abdominal aorta aneurysms (AAA) and 30 normal diameter abdominal aortas were collected and submitted to an inflation test up to their rupture. This inflation procedure was part of the research entitled "Experimental study of rupture pressure and elasticity of abdominal aortic aneurysms found at autopsy", submitted to Annals of Vascular Surgery. The rupture borders and control samples (harvested from places other than the rupture site) were submitted to uniaxial destructive tensile test and to histological analysis. The following variables were evaluated in the biomechanical test: failure stress, failure tension and failure strain. The histological processing of the samples enabled a quantitative analysis of the percentage of coverage of collagen fibers and elastic fibers in the samples. The present data could be reutilized because they are experimental evidence that cadaveric abdominal aortas, even when previously stressed by inflation, conserve significant resistance against tearing comparable to no previously stressed aortas described in the literature. Considering real whole cadaveric AAAs are especially scarce, this information would be a useful reference source for further in-depth research in the aortic biomechanics field.
Crowdsourcing graphical perception (2010)

Understanding perception is critical to effective visualization design. With its low cost and scalability, crowdsourcing presents an attractive option for evaluating the large design space of visualizations; however, it first requires validation. In this paper, we assess the viability of Amazon's Mechanical Turk as a platform for graphical perception experiments. We replicate previous studies of spatial encoding and luminance contrast and compare our results. We also conduct new experiments on rectangular area perception (as in treemaps or cartograms) and on chart size and gridline spacing. Our results demonstrate that crowdsourced perception experiments are viable and contribute new insights for visualization design. Lastly, we report cost and performance data from our experiments and distill recommendations for the design of crowdsourced studies.
Compiling to the gate level for a reconfigurable co-processor (2002)

This paper describes a programmable coprocessor. A C-compiler has been written which compiles C code to the gate level relieving the programmer of the onerous task of programming the coprocessor. As not all of the code in most C programs will fit into the coprocessors FPGA, programs are first compiled using a standard C compiler. These programs are then profiled to determine which parts of the code make the most intense use of the processor. These parts are then compiled to the gate level and implemented in the coprocessor. Speedups in program execution time of about 20 are obtained by this method by comparison with an IPC Sparcstation.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Demonstration of High-speed Hysteresis-free Negative Capacitance in Ferroelectric Hf<inf>0.5</inf>Zr<inf>0.5</inf>O<inf>2</inf> (2018)

We report the experimental observation of hysteresis-free negative capacitance (NC) in thin ferroelectric Hf <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0.5</sub> Zr <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0.5</sub> O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> (HZO) films through high-speed pulsed charge-voltage measurements. Hysteretic switching is suppressed by the addition of thin Al <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> layers on top of the HZO to prevent the screening of the polarization. We observe an S-shaped polarization-electric field dependence without hysteresis in agreement with Landau theory, which enables direct extraction of NC modeling parameters for ferroelectric HZO. Hysteresis-free NC is demonstrated down to 100 ns pulse widths limited only by our measurement setup. These results give critical insights into the physics of ferroelectric NC and practical NC device design using ferroelectric HZO.
Expression and clinical significance of cyclooxygenase-2 and Fas in cervical carcinoma (2008)

Objective:To investigate the role of cyclooxygenase-2(COX-2) and fas in the occurrence and development of cervical lesion. Methods: The expression of COX-2 and FAS were tested using immunohistochemical technique. Results: There were significant differences in positive expression of COX-2 and Fas in different cervical tissues (P0.05). the positive expression of COX-2 was associated with histologic grade and lymphnode metastasis;the positive expression of Fas was associated with histologic grade;the expression of COX-2 and Fas were negatively related in cervical carcinoma. Conclusion: In cervical carcinoma, the high expression of COX-2 and the low expression of Fas hinted the possibility of lymphnode metastasis and could be treated as the biological parameter to judge the invasion of cervical carcinoma.
Development of a New Catalyst for the Distannation of Alkynes. (2003)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Somatostatin receptor-dependent growth inhibition of liver metastases by octreotide (1994)

Rats were administered the somatostatin analogue octreotide 15 micrograms intraperitoneally twice daily for 4 weeks after intraportal injection of somatostatin receptor-positive pancreatic tumour cells (CA-20948) and somatostatin receptor-negative colonic tumour cells (CC531). Octreotide significantly inhibited the growth and development of somatostatin receptor-positive tumour cells in the liver. The median number of liver tumours was 286 (range 146 to greater than 500) in the treated animals and more than 500 (range 250 to in excess of 500) in the controls (P < 0.05). This significant difference in tumour load was also represented in the mean(s.e.m.) liver weight (14.5(3.7) g in animals given octreotide versus 17.9(3.0) g in the controls). No effect of octreotide treatment was found on the growth and development of somatostatin receptor-negative tumour cells in the liver. The median (range) number of tumours was 6.5 (0-425) in the treated animals and 11.0 (0-475) in the controls. Mean(s.e.m.) liver weights were 14.0(5.7) g and 11.8(4.5) g respectively. There was no difference in serum levels of growth hormone, prolactin and insulin-like growth factor between control and octreotide-treated rats. The growth inhibition of somatostatin receptor-positive tumour cells was unlikely to be the result of suppressed secretion of one of these tumour growth factors. Octreotide may be useful for the treatment of patients with somatostatin receptor-positive hepatic metastases, which can be demonstrated by somatostatin receptor scintigraphy.
Faculty Opinions recommendation of High-Dose Chemotherapy and Blood Autologous Stem-Cell Rescue Compared With Standard Chemotherapy in Localized High-Risk Ewing Sarcoma: Results of Euro-E.W.I.N.G.99 and Ewing-2008. (2019)

PurposeFor over 30 years, the place of consolidation high-dose chemotherapy in Ewing sarcoma (ES) has been controversial.A randomized study was conducted to determine whether consolidation high-dose chemotherapy improved survival in patients with localized ES at high risk for relapse. MethodsRandomization between busulfan and melphalan (BuMel) or standard chemotherapy (vincristine, dactinomycin, and ifosfamide [VAI], seven courses) was offered to patients if they were younger than 50 years of age with poor histologic response ($ 10% viable cells) after receiving vincristine, ifosfamide, doxorubicin, and etoposide (six courses); or had a tumor volume at diagnosis $ 200 mL if unresected, or initially resected, or resected after radiotherapy.A 15% improvement in 3-year eventfree survival (EFS) was sought (hazard ratio [HR], 0.60). ResultsBetween 2000 and 2015, 240 patients classified as high risk (median age, 17.1 years) were randomly assigned to VAI (n = 118) or BuMel (n = 122).Seventy-eight percent entered the trial because of poor histologic response after chemotherapy alone.Median follow-up was 7.8 years.In an intent-to-treat analysis, the risk of event was significantly decreased by BuMel compared with VAI: HR, 0.64 (95% CI, 0.43 to 0.95; P = .026);3-and 8-year EFS were, respectively, 69.0% (95% CI, 60.2% to 76.6%) versus 56.7% (95% CI, 47.6% to 65.4%) and 60.7% (95% CI, 51.1% to 69.6%) versus 47.1% (95% CI, 37.7% to 56.8%).Overall survival (OS) also favored BuMel: HR, 0.63 (95% CI, 0.41 to 0.95; P = .028);3-and 8-year OS were, respectively, 78.0% (95% CI, 69.6% to 84.5%) versus 72.2% (95% CI, 63.3% to 79.6%) and 64.5% (95% CI, 54.4% to 73.5%) versus 55.6% (95% CI, 45.8% to 65.1%).Results were consistent in the sensitivity analysis.Two patients died as a result of BuMel-related toxicity, one after standard chemotherapy.Significantly more BuMel patients experienced severe acute toxicities from this course of chemotherapy compared with multiple VAI courses. ConclusionBuMel improved EFS and OS when given after vincristine, ifosfamide, doxorubicin, and etoposide induction in localized ES with predefined high-risk factors.For this group of patients, BuMel may be an important addition to the standard of care.
Role of the Aggresome Pathway in Cancer: Targeting Histone Deacetylase 6–Dependent Protein Degradation (2008)

Misfolded or aggregated proteins have two fates: they are either refolded with the help of chaperones or degraded by the proteasome. Cells also have an alternative pathway that involves intracellular "storage bins" for misfolded intracellular proteins known as aggresomes. Aggresomes recruit motor proteins that transport misfolded or aggregated proteins to chaperones and proteasomes for subsequent destruction. There is emerging evidence that inhibiting the aggresome pathway leads to accumulation of misfolded proteins and apoptosis in tumor cells through autophagy. We discuss the role of aggresomes in cancer and the potential to target this pathway for therapy.
Signaling through the sphingomyelin pathway (1995)

Journal Article Signaling through the sphingomyelin pathway Get access Y Zhang, Y Zhang Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar R Kolesnick R Kolesnick Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Endocrinology, Volume 136, Issue 10, 1 October 1995, Pages 4157–4160, https://doi.org/10.1210/endo.136.10.7664631 Published: 01 October 1995
Spacer-free BODIPY fluorogens in antimicrobial peptides for direct imaging of fungal infection in human tissue (2016)

Fluorescent antimicrobial peptides are promising structures for in situ, real-time imaging of fungal infection. Here we report a fluorogenic probe to image Aspergillus fumigatus directly in human pulmonary tissue. We have developed a fluorogenic Trp-BODIPY amino acid with a spacer-free C-C linkage between Trp and a BODIPY fluorogen, which shows remarkable fluorescence enhancement in hydrophobic microenvironments. The incorporation of our fluorogenic amino acid in short antimicrobial peptides does not impair their selectivity for fungal cells, and enables rapid and direct fungal imaging without any washing steps. We have optimized the stability of our probes in human samples to perform multi-photon imaging of A. fumigatus in ex vivo human tissue. The incorporation of our unique BODIPY fluorogen in biologically relevant peptides will accelerate the development of novel imaging probes with high sensitivity and specificity.
The Influences of Methylphenidate on Heart Rate and Behavioral Measures of Attention in Hyperactive Children (1975)

Stephen W. Porges, Gary F. Walter, Robert J. Korb, Robert L. Sprague, The Influences of Methylphenidate on Heart Rate and Behavioral Measures of Attention in Hyperactive Children, Child Development, Vol. 46, No. 3 (Sep., 1975), pp. 727-733
Electron current extraction from a permanent magnet waveguide plasma cathode (2011)

An electron cyclotron resonance plasma produced in a cylindrical waveguide with external permanent magnets was investigated as a possible plasma cathode electron source. The configuration is desirable in that it eliminates the need for a physical antenna inserted into the plasma, the erosion of which limits operating lifetime. Plasma bulk density was found to be overdense in the source. Extraction currents over 4 A were achieved with the device. Measurements of extracted electron currents were similar to calculated currents, which were estimated using Langmuir probe measurements at the plasma cathode orifice and along the length of the external plume. The influence of facility effects and trace ionization in the anode-cathode gap are also discussed.
Sexual knowledge and attitudes of general practitioners in Wessex. (1977)

A survey of the sexual attitudes and knowledge of general practitioners in Wessex found that GP trainees and those in practice for less than 10 years were less conservative and better informed than doctors in practice for 20 years or more, The results suggest that the attitudes of the doctors are determined by their early environmental influences rather than their clinical experience.
Investigations of Glutathione Conjugation in Vitro by 1H NMR Spectroscopy. Uncatalyzed and Glutathione Transferase-Catalyzed Reactions (1995)

Conjugation reactions of glutathione (GSH) and related thiols with diethyl maleate (DEM) and other alpha, beta-unsaturated carbonyl compounds have been investigated by 1H NMR spectroscopy. The products from the reaction with DEM and diethyl fumarate (DEF) are shown to be the diastereomers of S-(alpha,beta-diethoxycarbonylethyl)glutathione. During the course of the reaction, DEM isomerized to DEF, and the rate of isomerization was dependent upon whether the solvent was 1H2O or 2H2O. The observed rate data exhibit apparent second order kinetic behavior. The reaction of maleate with GSH was considerably slower, and solvent-dependent isomerization was observed, while little reaction of fumarate with GSH was observed at pH 6.5. Reaction of DEM with N-acetyl-L-cysteine followed a similar course to that of GSH, and although L-cysteine reacted rapidly with DEM, it did not promote the isomerization of DEM. Reactions involving penicillamine and N-acetylpenicillamine were considerably slower. Conjugation reactions catalyzed by commercial GSH transferases and selected rat and human purified isoenzymes were also investigated. Of those isoenzymes studied, rat GSH transferase 4-4 was found to exert the greatest degree of stereo control in conjugation reactions with DEF.
The optimum hypersonic wind tunnel (1986)

The capabilities of existing hypersonic wind tunnels in the U.S. are assessed to form a basis for recommendations for a new, costly facility which would provide data for modeling the hypervelocity aerodynamics envisioned for the new generation of aerospace vehicles now undergoing early studies. Attention is given to the regimes, both entry and aerodynamic, which the new vehicles will encounter, and the shortcomings of data generated for the Orbiter before flight are discussed. The features of foreign-gas, impulse, aeroballistic range, arc-heated and combustion-heated facilities are examined, noting that in any hypersonic wind tunnel the flow must be preheated to prevent liquefaction upon expansion in the test channel. The limitations of the existing facilities and the identification of the regimes which must be studied lead to a description of the characteristics of an optimum hypersonic wind tunnel, including the operations and productivity, the instrumentation, the nozzle design and the flow quality. Three different design approaches are described, each costing at least $100 million to achieve workability.