gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Immediate disambiguation of lexically ambiguous words during reading: Evidence from eye movements (2006)

Sentences containing lexically ambiguous words were read as readers' eye movements were monitored. On half of the trials, the dominant meaning of the ambiguous word was instantiated, while in the other half, the subordinate meaning was instantiated. Furthermore, on half of the trials, an adjective or modifier immediately preceded the target noun (kitchen table, statistical table), which was consistent with either the dominant or subordinate meaning. The results of the experiment demonstrate that readers are able to immediately utilize the modifier to select the appropriate meaning of the ambiguous word.
ChemInform Abstract: N‐(9‐Anthryl) Aza‐18‐crown‐6: Palladium‐Catalyzed Synthesis, Photophysical Properties and Cation Binding Ability. (1998)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Influence of Hydrodynamic Preaveraging on Quasi-Elastic Scattering from Flexible Linear and Star-Branched Macromolecules (1980)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTInfluence of Hydrodynamic Preaveraging on Quasi-Elastic Scattering from Flexible Linear and Star-Branched MacromoleculesW. Burchard, M. Schmidt, and W. H. StockmayerCite this: Macromolecules 1980, 13, 3, 580–587Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1980Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1980https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma60075a020https://doi.org/10.1021/ma60075a020research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views259Altmetric-Citations89LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Dangers of Cigarette-smoking (1957)

Rates of many types of severe kidney disease are much higher in Black individuals than most other ethnic groups. Much of this disparity can now be attributed to genetic variants in the apoL1 (APOL1) gene found only in individuals with recent African ancestry. These variants greatly increase rates of hypertension-associated ESKD, FSGS, HIV-associated nephropathy, and other forms of nondiabetic kidney disease. We discuss the population genetics of APOL1 risk variants and the clinical spectrum of APOL1 nephropathy. We then consider clinical issues that arise for the practicing nephrologist caring for the patient who may have APOL1 kidney disease.
Cooling rate effect on tensile strength of laser deposited Inconel 718 (2018)

The thermal history generated by the additive manufacturing process influences the resulting material properties. Although trends exist between solidification rate and microstructure, solidification rate is not enough to predict final microstructure and thus mechanical properties. The purpose of this study is to relate the combined effects of solidification time and cooling time of the built material to its final ultimate tensile strength. Cooling time was defined as the time from when the location of interest last passes through 1,200 °C to when it reaches 400 °C. Nine locations on a laser deposited IN718 thin wall were studied in detail to understand the effect of cooling rate on tensile strength. Tensile samples were machined at these locations. The thermal histories of the locations of interest were compared with build geometry and the ultimate tensile strength of that location. An inverse proportional relationship was seen between the distance of the location of interest from the substrate and the cooling time. A trend was also seen linking increased surface temperature and increased solidification time. Weighted Cooling And Solidification Time (WCAST) was defined as the sum of weighted normalized solidification time and the normalized cooling time. Ultimate tensile strength was seen to decrease as WCAST increased. Optical microscopy images of the build microstructure confirm that longer cooling and solidification times lead to coarser microstructures, which may cause the lower tensile strengths measured.
Safety and Antitumor Activity of Repeated ASP3026 Administration in Japanese Patients with Solid Tumors: A Phase I Study (2020)

This study is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov under the identifier NCT01401504 on July 25, 2011.
CCKS, a knowledge-based control system for coatings application (2003)

The Coatings Control Knowledge System (CCKS) demonstrates supervisory control of an industrial line for coating manufactured objects. The economic savings expected from the use of CCKS come from there being fewer flaws, tighter application tolerances, and more rapid line repair. Although CCKS serves as a control system, CCKS is viewed as an assistant to the process engineer, organizing information, tracking concerns, interpreting conditions, and enforcing policies. CCKS contains a diagnostic engine, a plant model, and a simulator. CCKS uses dynamic plant costs to choose among alternatives. Four main areas of development are planned, including customizations to several client plants. A permissions menu gives the process engineer complete control over CCKS.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Gossamer Spacecraft: Membrane And Inflatable Structures Technology For Space Applications (2001)

Part 1 Technology Background: Overview of Gossamer Structures History of Relevant Inflatable High-Precision Space Structures Technology Development. Part 2 Fundamentals of Mechanics and Materials: Mechanics of Membrane Structures Fundamentals of Membrane Optics - Modelling and Deployment of Inflatable Space Structures Materials for Inflatables in Space Rigidization Mechanisms and Materials Atomic Oxygen Effects on Space Inflatable Materials Solar Ultraviolet and Space Radiation Effects on Inflatable Materials Electromagnetic Properties of Thin Metallized Materials. Part 3 Test Methods: Multidisciplinary Testing of Thin-Film Inflatable Structures Rigidization Materials Testing Electromagnetic Testing on Thin Metallized Materials. Part 4 Mission Concepts and Systems: Inflation Systems Deployment Control Mechanisms and Packing Methodologies for Inflatable and Membrane Space Structures Space Inflatable Radiometer System Concept Radar Applications Inflatable Solar Arrays Gossamer Sailcraft Technology Solar Shades Inflatable Habitats Advanced Concepts Appendix - Selected Properties of Various Membrane Materials.
Comparison of the Effects of Three Insulinotropic Drugs on Plasma Insulin Levels After a Standard Meal (2002)

Repaglinide and glipizide but not glibenclamide significantly enhanced the early insulin secretion in both nondiabetic and diabetic subjects with preserved beta-cell function after a single standard meal.
So can you (2001)

１ Ｉｊｉｍｅ ２ Ｓｕｉｃｉｄｅ Ａｔｔｅｍｐｔ ３ Ｄｏｗｎｈｉｌｌ ４ Ｒｏｃｋ Ｂｏｔｔｏｍ ５ Ｔｈｅ Ｔｕｒｎｉｎｇ Ｐｏｉｎｔ ６ Ａ Ｆｒｅｓｈ Ｓｔａｒｔ ７ Ｔｈｅ Ｌａｗ Ｂｅｃｋｏｎｓ ８ Ｂｒｅａｋｉｎｇ Ｔｈｒｏｕｇｈ ９ Ｒｅｇｒｅｔｓ
Highaccuracy velocity control methoddirectly linked tothespeed oflight: application tothe BNM wattbalance project (2004)

We describe a novelmethodofvelocity control that addresses themeasurementrequirements ofthewatt balance projects. Themethod isbased ontheuseofbotha heterodyne Michelson's interferometer andahome-made highfrequency phaseshifting electronic circuit. Results showthat intrinsic relative uncertainty of10-9 onvelocity canbereached withthis method overatranslation range of80mm.
Gibberellic acid and abscisic acid coordinately regulate cytoplasmic calcium and secretory activity in barley aleurone protoplasts. (1992)

The effects of gibberellic acid (GA3) and abscisic acid (ABA) on the temporal and spatial dynamics of cytosolic calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i) in aleurone protoplasts of barley (Hordeum vulgare L. cv. Himalaya) were measured by using fluorescence ratio analysis and confocal microscopy. After 4-6 h of treatment, GA3 induced a sustained increase in [Ca2+]i from 50 to 150 nM in aleurone protoplasts. The increase in [Ca2+]i preceded the GA3-induced increase in alpha-amylase synthesis and secretion by 4 h. The elevation of [Ca2+]i was highest in the peripheral cytoplasm and may play a role in coordinating the secretory events there. Reducing Ca2+ levels in the incubation medium to below 500 microM inhibited the increase in [Ca2+]i and the GA3-induced stimulation of alpha-amylase synthesis and secretion. These data suggest that GA3 may increase [Ca2+]i by increasing the influx of Ca2+ at the plasma membrane. ABA reversed the effect of GA3 on [Ca2+]i within 3 h, 2 h before its effect on alpha-amylase production could be detected. Thus changes in [Ca2+]i may play a role in mediating the effects of GA3 and ABA on the synthesis and secretion of alpha-amylase in the aleurone cell.
Consensus-based information synchronization for content-centric networks (2016)

In this paper, we studied for the synchronization of CCNx that is one of the Content Centric Network (CCN) projects by using Hazelcast. CCN is considered as a way to solve the explosive growth of Internet traffic. Hazelcast is an open source In-Memory Data Grid. Hazelcast, that one of the consensus-based in-memory data grid, has the strength to speed, high-availability, and secure. To effectively use the CCN, we developed programs that actual synchronize information. The program can synchronize information by CCNx with Hazelcast. We predict, in a vast network, that will be faster than original CCNx. In this result, we can use efficiently and high-availably CCNx.
Ratio of Methylmercury to Dissolved Organic Carbon in Water Explains Methylmercury Bioaccumulation Across a Latitudinal Gradient from North-Temperate to Arctic Lakes (2017)

We investigated monomethylmercury (MMHg) bioaccumulation in lakes across a 30° latitudinal gradient in eastern Canada to test the hypothesis that climate-related environmental conditions affect the sensitivity of Arctic lakes to atmospheric mercury contamination. Aquatic invertebrates (chironomid larvae, zooplankton) provided indicators of MMHg bioaccumulation near the base of benthic and planktonic food chains. In step with published data showing latitudinal declines in atmospheric mercury deposition in Canada, we observed lower total mercury concentrations in water and sediment of higher latitude lakes. Despite latitudinal declines of inorganic mercury exposure, MMHg bioaccumulation in aquatic invertebrates did not concomitantly decline. Arctic lakes with greater MMHg in aquatic invertebrates either had (1) higher water MMHg concentrations (reflecting ecosystem MMHg production) or (2) low water concentrations of MMHg, dissolved organic carbon (DOC), chlorophyll, and total nitrogen (reflecting lake sensitivity). The MMHg:DOC ratio of surface water was a strong predictor of lake sensitivity to mercury contamination. Bioaccumulation factors for biofilms and seston in Arctic lakes showed more efficient uptake of MMHg in low DOC systems. Environmental conditions associated with low biological production in Arctic lakes and their watersheds increased the sensitivity of lakes to MMHg.
Antigen compartmentation and T helper cell tolerance induction. (1996)

The process of antigen recognition depends in part on the amount of peptide antigen available and the affinity of the T cell receptor for a particular peptide-major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecule complex. The availability of self antigen is limited by antigen processing, which is compartmentalized such that peptide antigens presented by MHC class I molecules originate in the cytoplasm, whereas peptide antigens presented by MHC class II molecules are acquired from the endocytic pathway. This segregation of the antigen-processing pathways may limit the diversity of antigens that influence the development and selection of, e.g., CD4-positive, MHC class II-specific T cells. Selection in this case might involve only a subset of self-encoded proteins, specifically those that are plasma membrane bound or secreted. To study these aspects of immune development, we engineered pigeon cytochrome for expression in transgenic mice in two forms: one in which it was expressed as a type II plasma membrane protein, and a second in which it was targeted to the mitochondria after cytoplasmic synthesis. Experiments with these mice clearly show that tolerance is induced in the thymus, irrespective of antigen compartmentation. Using radiation bone marrow chimeras, we further show that cytoplasmic/mitochondrial antigen gains access to the MHC class II pathway by direct presentation. As a result of studying the anatomy of the thymus, we show that the amount of antigen and the affinity of the TCR affect the location and time point of thymocytes under-going apoptosis.
Antibiotic Cement in Total Knee Arthroplasty (2021)

This chapter presents a case scenario of a 65-year-old male with tricompartmental arthritis who undergoes a primary total knee arthroplasty (TKA). His past medical history is remarkable for rheumatoid arthritis, type 2 diabetes mellitus, chronic diabetic nephropathy, and peripheral vascular disease. As the number of procedures performed continues to rise, the burden of periprosthetic joint infection following TKA will rise concomitantly. One of the most commonly reported modes of failure requiring revision after TKA is aseptic loosening. The addition of antibiotics to bone cement is costlier than cement prepared without antibiotics. The cost of antibiotics added to commercially available bone cement ranges from $210 to $500 per batch of cement. The rate of aseptic loosening following TKA with the use ALBC does not differ compared to using plain bone cement. The chapter also provides recommendations for implementing evidence-based practice in the clinical setting.
Arachidonic acid activates phospholipase D in human neutrophils; essential role of endogenous leukotriene B4 and inhibition by adenosine A2A receptor engagement (2003)

We report in human neutrophils (PMN) that phospholipase D (PLD) was stimulated by micromolar concentrations of arachidonic acid (AA) and nanomolar concentrations of leukotriene B(4) (LTB(4)), and eicosapentaenoic acid was inactive. The stimulatory effect of AA occurred only when adenosine was eliminated from PMN suspensions or when PMN were incubated with adenosine A(2A) receptor antagonists. The mechanism of AA-induced PLD activation was investigated. The results show that AA- and LTB(4)-induced PLD activation were inhibited by the LTB(4) receptor 1 (BLTR1) antagonist CP 105,696, whereas the LTA(4) hydrolase inhibitor SC57461A and the LT biosynthesis inhibitor MK-0591 inhibited AA- but not LTB(4)-mediated PLD activation. The AA-induced ARF1 and RhoA translocation to PMN membranes was inhibited by CP 105,696 and SC57461A. These results provide evidence of a requirement for an autocrine-stimulatory loop involving LTB(4) and BLTR1 in the translocation of small GTPases to membranes and the activation of PMN PLD by AA.
The Impact of Sense and Respond Systems (2010)

Sense and respond (S&amp;R) systems based on information technology amplify one of the most fundamental characteristics of life — the ability to detect and respond to events. Living things thrive when they respond effectively to what’s going on in their environments. A zebra that doesn’t run away from a hungry lion dies and one that runs away unnecessarily wears out. Organizations sense and respond collectively: lions in a pride signal each other when they hunt; societies deal with crises by harnessing capabilities of governments, charities, and&#13;\nindividuals. When our ancestors hunted millennia ago, they saw as far as the eye could see and threw spears as far as their muscles let them. Today, S&amp;R systems let us detect events far out in space and respond anywhere on the globe.&#13;\nBy 2020, S&amp;R systems will become an integral part of the activities of people and organizations around the world whether they’re rich or poor, in farming or medicine, at work or at play.
Voltammetric Determination of Phenoxybenzyl‐Type Insecticides at Chemically Modified Conducting Polymer‐Carbon Nanotubes Coated Electrodes (2008)

Abstract The electrochemical reduction of three common insecticides such as cypermethrin (CYP), deltamethrin (DEL) and fenvalerate (FEN) was investigated at glassy carbon electrode (GCE), multiwalled carbon nanotubes modified GCE (MWCNT‐GCE), polyaniline (herein called as modifier M 1 ) and polypyrrole (herein called as modifier M 2 ) deposited MWCNT/GCE using cyclic voltammetry. Influences of pH, scan rate, and concentration were studied. The surface morphology of the modified film was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X‐ray diffraction analysis (XRD). A systematic study of the experimental parameters that affect differential pulse stripping voltammetry (DPSV) was carried out and the optimized experimental conditions were arrived at. The calibration plots were linear over the insecticide's concentration range 0.1–100 mg L −1 and 0.05–100 mg L −1 for all the three insecticides at MWCNT‐GCE and MWCNT(M 1 )‐GCE respectively. The MWCNT(M 2 )‐GCE performed well among the three electrode systems and the determination range obtained was 0.01–100 mg L −1 for CYP, DEL and FEN. The limit of detection ( LOD ) was 0.35 μg L −1 , 0.9 μg L −1 and 0.1 μg L −1 for CYP, DEL and FEN respectively on MWCNT(M 2 )‐GCE modified system. Suitability of this method for the trace determination of insecticide in spiked soil sample was also determined.
An Efficient Pd-Catalyzed Route to Silyl Esters (2000)

[formula: see text] A one-step, highly selective catalytic route to silyl esters is reported. Commercially available silanes with Si-H functionality were converted to silyl or siloxy esters in the presence of Pd(OAc)2 under mild reaction conditions. This protocol was found to be equally applicable for the modification of multiple silicon centers in one framework and lead to the corresponding polysilyl esters in high yields. A comparison of catalytic efficiency of Pd(OAc)2 versus Pd on carbon was also undertaken.
Cellular Metal Truss Core Sandwich Structures (2002)

Closed cell honeycomb core structures are widely used for sandwich panel construction. Periodic open cell tetrahedral truss core structures have recently been shown to possess weight specific properties that compete with those of honeycomb core designs. In contrast to honeycomb, the open cell topologies provide many opportunities for multifunctionality. Past approaches to miniature tetrahedral truss fabrication from metals have utilized investment casting routes. Material choices are then constrained by the need for high fluidity during casting. Strength knockdown due to casting defects has been observed. Here, we utilize a comparatively simple wrought metal based approach. The truss cores are made by deformation shaping hexagonal perforated metal sheets. They are then bonded between thin facesheets using a transient liquid phase approach. When designed to minimize bending of members within the core, a linear dependence of core modulus and strength upon relative density is anticipated. Core relative densities of less than two percent have been obtained. With this approach, low cost truss core structures can be made from a wide variety of heat-treatable wrought alloys.
Tec kinase associates with c-kit and is tyrosine phosphorylated and activated following stem cell factor binding. (1994)

Stem cell factor (SCF) plays a crucial role in hematopoiesis through its interaction with the receptor tyrosine kinase c-kit. However, the signaling events that are activated by this interaction and involved in the control of growth or differentiation are not completely understood. We demonstrate here that Tec, a cytoplasmic, src-related kinase, physically associates with c-kit through a region that contains a proline-rich motif, amino terminal of the SH3 domain. Following SCF binding, Tec is tyrosine phosphorylated and its in vitro kinase activity is increased. Tyrosine phosphorylation of Tec is not detected in the response to other cytokines controlling hematopoiesis, including colony-stimulating factor-1 (CSF-1), granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), and interleukin-3 (IL-3). Conversely, the cytoplasmic kinase JAK2 is activated by IL-3 but not by SCF stimulation. The activation of distinct cytoplasmic kinases may account for the synergy seen in the actions of SCF and IL-3 on hematopoietic stem cells.
Reduced Fat Mass in Mice Lacking Orphan Nuclear Receptor Estrogen-Related Receptor α (2003)

The estrogen-related receptor alpha (ERRalpha) is an orphan member of the superfamily of nuclear hormone receptors expressed in tissues that preferentially metabolize fatty acids. Despite the molecular characterization of ERRalpha and identification of target genes, determination of its physiological function has been hampered by the lack of a natural ligand. To further understand the in vivo function of ERRalpha, we generated and analyzed Estrra-null (ERRalpha-/-) mutant mice. Here we show that ERRalpha-/- mice are viable, fertile and display no gross anatomical alterations, with the exception of reduced body weight and peripheral fat deposits. No significant changes in food consumption and energy expenditure or serum biochemistry parameters were observed in the mutant animals. However, the mutant animals are resistant to a high-fat diet-induced obesity. Importantly, DNA microarray analysis of gene expression in adipose tissue demonstrates altered regulation of several enzymes involved in lipid, eicosanoid, and steroid synthesis, suggesting that the loss of ERRalpha might interfere with other nuclear receptor signaling pathways. In addition, the microarray study shows alteration in the expression of genes regulating adipogenesis as well as energy metabolism. In agreement with these findings, metabolic studies showed reduced lipogenesis in adipose tissues. This study suggests that ERRalpha functions as a metabolic regulator and that the ERRalpha-/- mice provide a novel model for the investigation of metabolic regulation by nuclear receptors.