gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The influence of zinc supplementation on IGF-1 levels in humans: A systematic review and meta-analysis (2020)

The effect of supplementation with zinc on levels of IGF-1 remains relatively unexplored, and many of previous studies have reported equivocal findings. Thus, the aim of this study was to elucidate the influence of zinc on IGF-1. A complete systematic search was executed in Scopus, Web of Science, Embase, and PubMed/MEDLINE, by reviewers, from database inception until June 2019. Weighted mean difference (WMD) with the 95% CI was used for assessing the effects of zinc on IGF-1. We evaluated between study heterogeneity using the I-squared and the Q-test statistic. Ten studies reported changes in plasma levels of IGF-1. Combined results ascertained an increase in IGF-1 levels following zinc administration (WMD: 8.620 ng/ml, 95% CI: 1.126, 16.113, I2 = 97.3%). Subgroup analyses demonstrated that zinc intake dosage ≤10 mg/day (WMD: 9.50 ng/ml, 95% CI: 1.47, 17.53) and intervention length ˃8 weeks (WMD: 10.08 ng/ml, 95% CI: 0.67, 19.48) significantly greater increased IGF-1 levels. The present study demonstrated that zinc supplementation can elicit significant increases in IGF-1 in humans. In addition, greater increments were observed when zinc intake dosage was ≤10 mg/day and intervention duration ˃8 weeks.
Attitudes and Expectations of Wheatgrowers in New South Wales (1953)

The Australian Agricultural Council and its Standing Committee on Agriculture have recently paid considerable attention to methods of increasing rural output in Australia and of expanding wheat production in particular. One of the problems at the forefront of discussion has been that of the provision of adequate incentives, designed to encourage farmers to intensify their production programmes. It is clear that detailed factual information on the attitudes and expectations of farmers is essential to the satisfactory formulation of suitable incentives and of policy generally. As a contribution to an understanding of the wheat farmers' problems, attitudes and expectations, the Commonwealth Bureau of Agricultural Economics and the Division of Marketing and Agricultural Economics of the N.S.W. Department of Agriculture have conducted a co-operative, fact-finding inquiry on a group of wheat farmers in New South Wales, the results of which are published here. The results presented will be of interest to all concerned with the problems of agricultural production in Australia. The survey represents a new phase of agricultural economic research in this country, not only because it covers new ground, but also because it is the first occasion on which a major research project has been conducted co-operatively by the two organizations concerned.
Logic product speed evaluation and forecasting during the early phases of process technology development using ring oscillator data (2002)

During the early stages of the development of a new technology, it is not possible to use product die to optimize parameters for a new technology. At this stage of technology development, integration engineers are forced to rely on test chips to make choices for the future technology. One of the vehicles for optimizing the speed of a technology which is typically available on test chips is ring oscillators. The frequency of oscillation of ring oscillators provides indications of likely product speed and can be measured in the early stages of the development of a new technology. Consequently, they provide us with an early indicator of the probable impact of process changes on circuit performance. However, traditionally, only nominal ring oscillators, with minimal interconnect loading, have been used to estimate the product speed impact of technology changes. As interconnect loading becomes more significant in determining product speed, technology choices based on nominal ring oscillator speed will not be optimal. In this paper, a methodology for using empirical data from ring oscillators, with different frontend and backend loading, to analyze tradeoffs between potential process changes, is presented.
Eine katalytische Kreuz‐Olefinierung von Diazoverbindungen mit Sulfoxonium‐Yliden (2018)

Abstract Eine neuartige Ruthenium‐katalysierte Kreuz‐Olefinierung von Diazoverbindungen und Sulfoxonium‐Yliden wird vorgestellt. Unser Reaktionsdesign nutzt den intrinsischen Reaktivitätsunterschied von Diazoverbindungen und Sulfoxonium‐Yliden als maskierte Carbene und Nukleophile, welche hohe Selektivitäten in der Reaktion ermöglichen.
Three Strategies to Achieve Concurrent Strengthening by Ultrafine-Grained and Precipitation Hardenings for Severely Deformed Age-Hardnable Aluminum Alloys (2016)

In this paper, comprehensive studies on the age-hardening behavior and precipitate microstructures of severely deformed and then artificially aged aluminum alloys have been conducted to clarify whether or not concurrent strengthening by ultrafine-grained and precipitation hardenings can be achieved. From our graphically-illustrated equivalent strain dependence of both the attained hardness and increment/decrement in hardness during aging (i.e. age-hardenability), three strategies to maximize the combined processing of severe plastic deformation and age-hardening technique are proposed. (1) Lowering of aging temperature and (2) utilization of microalloying elements can improve not only the attained hardness but also the age-hardenability of high-pressure torsion (HPT) specimens of Al-Mg-Si (-Cu) alloy due to the increased volume fraction of transgranular precipitates. A further increase in hardness can be achieved by (3) taking advantage of spinodal decomposition for HPTed Al-Li-Cu alloy, in which nanoscale precipitates of δ’ phase are successfully formed within ultrafine grains, irrespective of the higher number density of grain boundaries. The attained hardness of &gt;HV290 in the latter alloy is almost the highest among conventional wrought aluminum alloys, and therefore our proposed strategies will be useful for designing concurrently strengthened severely-deformed age-hardenable aluminum alloys.
Influenza A Virus-Induced Acute Otitis Media (1995)

To better understand the significance of viral upper respiratory tract infections in the pathogenesis of acute otitis media (OM), 27 adults underwent intranasal inoculation with influenza A virus. Monitoring consisted of antibody titer determination, tympanometry, and otoscopy. Microbiologic analysis consisted of cultures and polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based detection for influenza A virus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, and Moraxella catarrhalis. All subjects became infected with the challenge virus. By day 4, 16 (59%) developed middle ear pressures of -100 mm H2O or below and 4 (25%) of them developed OM. One subject (4%) developed purulent OM requiring myringotomy for pain relief. Middle ear effusion cultures were negative. PCR analysis of that subject's middle ear effusion and nasal washes were positive for influenza A virus and S. pneumoniae. These findings support a causal role for viral upper respiratory tract infections in the pathogenesis of OM, possibly mediated by middle ear underpressures and viral and bacterial middle ear infection.
CHEMOTHERAPY VERSUS COMBINED CHEMOTHERAPY AND SERUM (1941)

The universal acceptance of the value of sulfonamide therapy in pneumonia has left the role of serum as the major current problem in the treatment of this disease. Will the use of serum combined with drug reduce still further the fatality rate? Will it cause a more rapid subsidence of the acute infectious process? These problems have been studied at Bellevue Hospital by using the alternate case method. Since February 1939, all pneumonia patients entering the wards of the First, Second and Fourth medical divisions have been alternated within the pneumococcus types between sulfonamide therapy alone and combined drug and serum therapy. In the present study we are reporting the results up to Jan. 1, 1941 in a series comprising 607 patients thus alternated. <h3>METHOD</h3> As soon as the clinical diagnosis of pneumonia was made, samples of blood and sputum were collected for bacteriologic study. The patient was then immediately
Genomic Health Literacy Interventions in Pediatrics: Scoping Review (2021)

This review identified that older age is related to the capacity of understanding genomic concepts, increased genomic health literacy levels, and the perceived ability to participate in decision-making related to genomic information. In addition, internet-searching plays a major role in obtaining genomic information and filling gaps in communication with health care providers. However, little is known about the capacity of pediatric patients and their parents to understand genomic information and make informed decisions based on the genomic information obtained. More research is required to inform digital health interventions and to leverage the leading best practices to educate these genomic concepts.
Measurement of phase differences between the diffracted orders of deep relief gratings (2003)

Measurement of the phase difference between the 0th and the 1st transmitted diffraction orders of a symmetrical surface-relief grating recorded on a photoresist film is carried out by replacement of the grating in the same setup with which it was recorded. The measurement does not depend on lateral shifts of thereplaced grating relative to the interference pattern, on environmental phase perturbations or on the wave-front quality of the interfering beams. The experimental data agree rather well with theoretical results calculated for sinusoidal profiled gratings.
European Society of Endodontology: Abstracts from the Biennial Congress 2015 (2015)

Aim To test the fatigue resistance and to evaluate the surface and microstructural alterations of new and in vitro used HyFlex EDM NiTi rotary prototypes. Methodology Thirty electro discharge machined HyFlex EDM (Colt ene/Whaledent, Switzerland) prototypes, and 20 HyFlex CM (Colt ene/Whaledent, Switzerland) files were subjected to cyclic fatigue test in a standardized 70° artificial metal canal. Results were validated using Mann-Whitney tests (a-level 0.05). Fractographic analysis on broken samples was conducted using environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM) imaging. Fifteen new HyFlex EDM prototypes were used for in vitro instrumenta- tion of severely curved root canals of extracted multi-rooted teeth. Surface and microstructural characteristics of files were analyzed by ESEM equipped with energy dispersive x-ray spectrophotometry (EDS) and optical metallographic imaging. The same analysis was conducted on new and used instruments to assess the usage- induced degradation. Results The cyclic fatigue test revealed an increase of fatigue resistance up to 700% of EDM files compared to CM (P = 0.0001). Fractographic analysis of fatigued EDM instruments disclosed multiple crack origins in correspondence of the cutting edges, with a limited fatigue striation zone and a noteworthy dimpled area. Surface and microstructural characterization of new instruments revealed the typical features of a NiTi ED-Machined alloy with a ‘crater-like’ surface. No fractures were registered during instrumentation of curved canals. Surface and microstructural characterization of used files revealed no wear and no degradation of the size 25, .12 taper and size 25, .08 taper files. The tip segment was confirmed as the most mechanically stressed portion of size 10, .05 taper files. The metallographic inspection on the cross section of brand new HyFlex EDM files showed an homoge- neous martensitic phase. The microstructure appeared uniform from the surface to the bulk, and no microcracks or defect were identified, even at high optical magnification (1000X). Conclusions HyFlex EDM exhibited high values of cyclic fatigue resistance and a safe in vitro use in severely curved canals. Unaltered spark-machined surface and low microstructural degradation are the main features of HyFlex EDM. Acknowledgements The authors deny any conflict of interest related to this study and would thank Coltene Whaledent for providing the test material.
Mechanism of prolonged gene expression by Epstein–Barr virus‐based plasmid in porcine cells (2006)

The EBV-based plasmid may be useful for genetically manipulating porcine cells to enhance their value as xenotransplantation sources.
Identification of 2-Pyridinylindole-Based Dual Antagonists of Toll-like Receptors 7 and 8 (TLR7/8) (2022)

The toll-like receptors (TLRs) play key roles in activation of the innate immune system. Aberrant activation of TLR7 and TLR8 pathways can occur in the context of autoimmune disorders due to the elevated presence and recognition of self-RNA as activating ligands. Control of this unintended activation via inhibition of TLR7/8 signaling holds promise for the treatment of diseases such as psoriasis, arthritis, and lupus. Optimization of a 2-pyridinylindole series of compounds led to the identification of potent dual inhibitors of TLR7 and TLR8, which demonstrated good selectivity against TLR9 and other family members. The in vitro characterization and in vivo evaluation in rodent pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic and efficacy studies of BMS-905 is detailed, along with structural information obtained through X-ray cocrystallographic studies.
Role of Nod2 in the Response of Macrophages to Toll-Like Receptor Agonists (2003)

Nod2 (CARD15) is a macrophage-specific protein containing two CARD domains, a large nucleotide binding domain and leucine-rich repeats. Human genetic studies have linked mutations in NOD2/CARD15 with Crohn's disease, although the mechanisms involved are unknown. However, Nod2 has been proposed to directly bind bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and subsequently act as an activator of NF-kappaB via the association of the CARD domains with Rip2/RICK/CARDIAK. This is hypothesized to constitute a pathogen recognition pathway distinct from Toll-like receptor 4-mediated recognition of LPS. Using targeted mutagenesis, we introduced a mutation to delete the CARD domains of mouse Nod2. Mice lacking Nod2 were indistinguishable from controls and showed no signs of intestinal pathology. Macrophages responded normally to multiple Toll-like receptor agonists in terms of NF-kappaB target activation, mitogen-activated protein kinase activation, and cytokine secretion. However, Nod2(-/-) mice were significantly protected in endotoxin challenge experiments, and Nod2(-/-) macrophages were refractory to muramyl dipeptide stimulation. These results argue that Nod2 does not play an essential, nonredundant role in the response of macrophages to bacterial products but rather plays unexpected roles in regulating systemic responses to pathogens.
A general framework for meta-analyzing dependent studies with overlapping subjects in association mapping (2016)

Meta-analysis strategies have become critical to augment power of genome-wide association studies (GWAS). To reduce genotyping or sequencing cost, many studies today utilize shared controls, and these individuals can inadvertently overlap among multiple studies. If these overlapping individuals are not taken into account in meta-analysis, they can induce spurious associations. In this article, we propose a general framework for adjusting association statistics to account for overlapping subjects within a meta-analysis. The key idea of our method is to transform the covariance structure of the data, so it can be used in downstream analyses. As a result, the strategy is very flexible and allows a wide range of meta-analysis methods, such as the random effects model, to account for overlapping subjects. Using simulations and real datasets, we demonstrate that our method has utility in meta-analyses of GWAS, as well as in a multi-tissue mouse expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) study where our method increases the number of discovered eQTL by up to 19% compared with existing methods.
Analysis of fMRI Data Using an Integrated Principal Component Analysis and Supervised Affinity Propagation Clustering Approach (2011)

Clustering analysis is a promising data-driven method for analyzing functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) time series data. The huge computational load, however, creates practical difficulties for this technique. We present a novel approach, integrating principal component analysis (PCA) and supervised affinity propagation clustering (SAPC). In this method, fMRI data are initially processed by PCA to obtain a preliminary image of brain activation. SAPC is then used to detect different brain functional activation patterns. We used a supervised Silhouette index to optimize clustering quality and automatically search for the optimal parameter p in SAPC, so that the basic affinity propagation clustering is improved by applying SAPC. Four simulation studies and tests with three in vivo fMRI datasets containing data from both block-design and event-related experiments revealed that functional brain activation was effectively detected and different response patterns were distinguished using our integrated method. In addition, the improved SAPC method was superior to the k -centers clustering and hierarchical clustering methods in both block-design and event-related fMRI data, as measured by the average squared error. These results suggest that our proposed novel integrated approach will be useful for detecting brain functional activation in both block-design and event-related experimental fMRI data.
A petal-shaped left-handed metamaterial based on split ring and semicircular resonator (2016)

In this paper, the design of a petal-shaped left-handed (LH) metamaterial (MTM) is presented. The proposed petal-shaped structure consists of an outer circular ring and four inner semicircular resonators, with the former split into four arms and the latter of diameters close to the ring. These four resonators are cross loaded to constitute the whole structure with four-fold symmetry. The simulation results show that the single-sided MTM has a LH working frequency range of 17.3 to 19.1 GHz. And then the surface current, electric and magnetic field distributions are demonstrated and analyzed. In addition, a parametric discussion based on the gap width of the split circular ring and the diameter length of the semicircular resonator is given in order to study the relation between the LH resonance and structure dimensions. The designed planar LH MTM has a great potential in MTM-mushroom structure applications.
Rapid collapse of a sub‐Antarctic alpine ecosystem: the role of climate and pathogens (2015)

Summary Ecosystem change is predicted to become more prevalent with climate change. Widespread dieback of cushion plants and bryophytes in alpine fellfield on Macquarie Island may represent such change. Loss of the keystone endemic cushion plant, Azorella macquariensis , was so severe that it has been declared critically endangered. We document the dieback and its extent. Due to the rapidity of the event, we sought to infer causes by testing two mechanistic hypotheses: (i) that extensive dieback was due to a pathogen and (ii) that dieback was a consequence of a change in climate that induced stress in several susceptible species . We searched for pathogens using both conventional and next‐generation sequencing techniques. We examined plant functional morphology in conjunction with a long‐term climate record of plant‐relevant climate parameters to determine whether environmental conditions had become inimical for A. macquariensis . Dieback was found across the entire range of A. macquariensis . A survey found 88% of 115 stratified/ random sites contained affected cushions and 84% contained dead bryophytes. Within‐site dieback increased over time. No conclusive evidence that A. macquariensis deaths were caused by a definitive disease‐causing pathogen emerged. However, the presence of bacterial, fungal and oomycete taxa, some potentially pathogenic, suggested that stressed cushions could become susceptible to infection. The primary cause of collapse is suspected failure of A. macquariensis and other fellfield species to withstand recent decadal changes in summer water availability. Increased wind speed, sunshine hours and evapotranspiration resulted in accumulated deficits of plant available water spanning 17 years (1992–2008). High vulnerability to interrupted water supply was consistent with functional morphology of A. macquariensis, and climate change has altered the species’ environment from wet and misty to one subject to periods of drying. Synthesis and applications . With alpine fellfield dieback baseline data on Macquarie Island established, future monitoring will determine whether this event represents a transient, decadal‐level change in the ecosystem or the initiation of a climate‐related, transformation away from an Azorella ‐dominated fellfield ecosystem. That mechanisms driving ecosystem collapse were complex and multiple stressors appeared to be impacting cumulatively may be relevant to other locations.
Akustische Tubenfunktionsuntersuchung mit Perfekten Sequenzen - Eine neue Methode zur Beurteilung der Eustachischen Röhre (2008)

PSEQs allow an evaluation of ET function. The chosen manoeuvres trigger in healthy subjects objective ET openings with a high reliability. The application of PSEQs can detect ET activity with a high sensitivity and good specificity. By further technical refinements specificity may also be enhanced in future studies.
Haemophilia gene therapy: the patients’ perspective (2009)

Appendix S1.Hemophilia Gene Therapy Questionnaire 2008. Please note: Wiley-Blackwell are not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting materials supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing material) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
The lateral punch-through transistor (1982)

Operation of a diffused-gate, lateral punch through transistor has been demonstrated. Operation is similar to the static induction transistor, and the device can be used in planar integrated circuits. Current flow in this lateral device obeys the space charge limited conduction law over a wide range of currents, and the drain current exhibits a negative temperature coefficient.
Separation from protein kinase C — a calcium‐independent TPA‐activated phosphorylating system (1986)

A calcium-independent but 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA)- or diacylglycerol-activated phospholipid-dependent phosphorylating activity has been separated from protein kinase C. This has been made possible by employing calcium-dependent hydrophobic interaction chromatography. The material bound to phenyl-Sepharose in the presence of calcium at low ionic strength was eluted with EGTA and was protein kinase C. While the unbound material passing through the phenyl-Sepharose column showed no appreciable protein kinase C activity, instead it had a high phosphorylating activity manifested in the absence of calcium and in the presence of TPA plus phospholipid. The identification of this phosphorylating activity, distinct from protein kinase C, leads to important clues to cellular responses monitored by TPA in the absence of calcium.
Winding turn-to-turn faults detection of five-phase fault-tolerant permanent-magnet machine based on parametric model (2012)

This paper presents and analyzes a parametric model for inter-turn fault detection in a five-phase fault-tolerant permanent-magnet synchronous machine (PMSM). The proposed model can investigate the effect of the short-circuit fault to various physical quantity of the machine. By comparing the calculated results with the machine running under different fault level conditions, an effective method for stator inter-turn fault detection of the machine is proposed. Additionally, simulations of the machine upon the operation of vector-controlled PMSM drives verify the feasibility of the proposed method, which shows that even single-coil short circuits faults also could be exactly detected.