gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Distinct Properties of the Five UDP-d-glucose/UDP-d-galactose 4-Epimerase Isoforms of Arabidopsis thaliana (2006)

Plant genomes contain genetically encoded isoforms of most nucleotide sugar interconversion enzymes. Here we show that Arabidopsis thaliana has five genes encoding functional UDP-D-glucose/UDP-D-galactose 4-epimerase (named UGE1 to UGE5). All A. thaliana UDP-d-glucose 4-epimerase isoforms are dimeric in solution, maximally active in vitro at 30-40 degrees C, and show good activity between pH 7 and pH 9. In vitro, UGE1, -3, and -5 act independently of externally added NAD+, whereas cofactor addition stimulates the activity of UGE2 and is particularly important for UGE4 activity. UGE1 and UGE3 are most efficiently inhibited by UDP. The five isoforms display kcatUDP-Gal values between 23 and 128 s(-1) and KmUDP-Gal values between 0.1 and 0.3 mm. This results in enzymatic efficiencies ranging between 97 and 890 mm(-1) s(-1) for UGE4 = UGE1 < UGE3 < UGE5 < UGE2. The KmUDP-Glc values, derived from the Haldane relationship, were 0.76 mm for UGE1, 0.56 mm for UGE4, and between 0.13 and 0.23 mm for UGE2, -3, and -5. The expression of UGE isoforms is ubiquitous and displays developmental and cell type-dependent variations. UGE1 and -3 expression patterns globally resemble enzymes involved in carbohydrate catabolism, and UGE2, -4, and -5 expression is more related to carbohydrate biosynthesis. UGE1, -2, and -4 are present in the cytoplasm, whereasUGE4 is additionally enriched close to Golgi stacks. All UGE genes tested complement the UGE4rhd1 phenotype, confer increased galactose tolerance in planta, and complement the galactose metabolization deficiency in the Saccharomyces cerevisiae gal10 mutant. We suggest that plant UGE isoforms function in different metabolic situations and that enzymatic properties, gene expression pattern, and subcellular localization contribute to the differentiation of isoform function.
Color Filter Array Demosaicking Using High-Order Interpolation Techniques With a Weighted Median Filter for Sharp Color Edge Preservation (2009)

Demosaicking is an estimation process to determine missing color values when a single-sensor digital camera is used for color image capture. In this paper, we propose a number of new methods based on the application of Taylor series and cubic spline interpolation for color filter array demosaicking. To avoid the blurring of an edge, interpolants are first estimated in four opposite directions so that no interpolation is carried out across an edge. A weighted median filter, whose filter coefficients are determined by a classifier based on an edge orientation map, is then used to produce an output from the four interpolants to preserve edges. Using the proposed methods, the original color can be faithfully reproduced with minimal amount of color artifacts even at edges.
Bayer Pattern Based Cfa Zooming / Cfa Interpolation Framework (2004)

Publication in the conference proceedings of EUSIPCO, Viena, Austria, 2004
Erratum: Löwdin orthogonalization as a minimum energy perturbation (1975)

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Using eye reflections for face recognition under varying illumination (2005)

Face recognition under varying illumination remains a challenging problem. Much progress has been made toward a solution through methods that require multiple gallery images of each subject under varying illumination. Yet for many applications, this requirement is too severe. In this paper, we propose a novel method that requires only a single gallery image per subject taken under unknown lighting. The method builds upon two contributions. We first estimate the lighting from its reflection in the eyes. This allows us to explicitly recover the illumination in the single gallery images as well as the probe image. Next, we exploit the local linearity of face appearance variation across different people. We represent the gallery images as locally linear montages of images of many different faces taken under the same lighting (bootstrap images). Then, we transfer the estimated combination of bootstrap images to synthesize each subject's face under tile probe lighting to accomplish recognition. Finally, we show through tests on the CMU PIE database that we can achieve better recognition results using our lighting estimation method and locally linear montages than the current state-of-the-art.
Rheological Response of Polyethylene/Clay Nanocomposites to Annealing Treatment (2007)

Abstract The rheological response of a polyethylene/clay nanocomposite to annealing treatment under air and nitrogen atmospheres was studied. The treatment influences the rheology of the nanocomposite significantly. In particular, the viscosity and the non‐Newtonian behavior dramatically increase with annealing time, and a liquid‐like/solid‐like transition is observed. The annealed samples were characterized by ATR‐FT‐IR spectrometry and it was shown that a silicate‐rich layer is formed on the surface of the nanocomposite. This result was confirmed by TEM images of bulk and surface of annealed samples. It was demonstrated that the formation of this coating is the main cause of the change of rheological behavior. magnified image
Influence of Neotyphodium coenophialum on copper concentration in tall fescue. (1998)

Poor performance of livestock that graze tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) has been associated with the endophyte fungus Neotyphodium coenophialum [Morgan-Jones and Gams] Glenn, Bacon, and Hanlin). Recent evidence suggests lowered Cu status and a depression of Cu-related immune function in steers that graze endophyte-infected (E+) tall fescue. Greenhouse and field studies investigated relationships between the endophyte and Cu concentrations in tall fescue. Seventeen infected 'Kenhy' clones were divided, and one plant of each pair was treated three times with Benomyl to remove the endophyte (E-). Plants were watered with nutrient solution in a greenhouse for 6 mo before sampling. Copper concentrations were greater (P < .001) in E- than in E+ clones (3.4 vs 2.8 microg/g; SE, .06). In the second greenhouse experiment, genetically similar E+ and E- 'Kentucky'-31 (KY-31) and 'Georgia Jessup' were grown from seed and fertilized with nutrient solution to produce mature plants. Copper concentrations were higher (P < .05) in E- than in E+ tall fescue (8.6 vs 7.6 microg/g; SE, .3). In a field plot experiment in Texas, E+ and E- KY-31 were grown with 0, 50, and 100% replacement of potential evapotranspiration. By September, Cu concentrations were higher (P < .05) in E- than in E+ tall fescue (7.3 vs 6.6 microg/g; SE, .2). In pasture experiments, KY-31 E+ (> 70% infection level) and E- (< 5% infection level) tall fescue were grown in Virginia at two locations with three rates of N fertilizer. Copper concentrations were higher (P < .05) in E- than in E+ tall fescue (4.8 vs 4.5 microg/g; SE, .1) and increased (P < .01) linearly in response to N. Our data demonstrate that the presence of the endophyte is associated with lower Cu concentrations in tall fescue, which may contribute to lowered Cu status in animals and thus contribute to the etiology of fescue toxicity.
Phenotypic Characterization of Cutaneous T-Cell Lymphoma (1981)

We studied the surface-antigen pattern of T cells in peripheral blood and cell lines from patients with advanced cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL) or T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. The antigen patterns of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma cells from peripheral blood and established cell lines were nearly identical; the cells were negative for human thymus antigen (OKT6 and NA1/34), positive for pan-T-cell (OKT3, 17F12, 10.2, and 9.6) and helper-T-cell-subset (OKT4) antigens, and negative for T-cell-subset antigens 3A1 and OKT8. In contrast, the phenotypes of malignant T cells from patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia were heterogeneous, with at least five patterns of reactivity. The T-cell-specific antibody 3A1 was the only monoclonal reagent that clearly distinguished the peripheral-blood T cells in CTCL (3A1-) from those in acute lymphoblastic leukemia (3A1+). Moreover, 3A1 was the most reliable T-cell marker in acute lymphoblastic leukemia. We conclude that circulating CTCL (Sézary) T cells are homogeneous in their antigen phenotype and are derived from a well-differentiated 3A1-, OKT4+, OKT8- helper-T-cell subset.
Comparison of line length feature before and after brain electrical stimulation in epileptic patients (2005)

This study aims to determine whether there are any statistically significant effects in the intracranial EEG signal due to brain electrical stimulation that can be quantified by comparing the line length value computed in windows positioned before and after stimulated abnormal events versus windows before and after non-stimulated abnormal events. The line length feature has been previously demonstrated to preserve waveform dimensionality changes as the ones estimated by Katz's fractal dimension and is a measure sensitive to variations in signal amplitude and frequency, equivalent in some ways to Teager's energy. Brief stimulation bursts of 200 Hz were delivered in response to some detections of abnormal electrographic activity. A total of 35 epileptic patients were analyzed including 15,938 electrographic events, of which 4,584 were electrically stimulated events. The ratio and difference of the post-stimulation versus the pre-stimulation line length values were computed as comparison measures. The average line length ratios in stimulated events versus those in non-stimulated events were lower in 23 out of 35 patients, suggesting that stimulation may have had an effect on electrographic activity. Statistical analysis based on a permutation test indicated the probability of finding this difference by random chance was 5.21%, further suggesting that the line length ratio differences are most likely due to the stimulation effects on the brain that manifest in the electrographic activity.
[Potentiated loco-regional anesthesia in ophthalmological surgery]. (1999)

A clinical study on 46 patients, who were operated on for ophthalmologic diseases under local anaesthesia, is presented. Midazolam, diazepam and/or pethidine, given to the patients 5-10 minutes before the operation improved the classical local anaesthesia; they ensured hypnosis, analgesia, anterograde amnesia and vegetative protection, thus offering a high surgical comfort and diminishing considerably the rate of the well known incidences and complications of the local anaesthesia.
Vaccination of hamsters with Opisthorchis viverrini extracellular vesicles and vesicle-derived recombinant tetraspanins induces antibodies that block vesicle uptake by cholangiocytes and reduce parasite burden after challenge infection (2019)

Liver fluke EVs and recombinant tetraspanins derived from the EV surface when administered to hamsters induce antibody responses that block EV uptake by target bile duct cells and exert partial efficacy and against O. viverrini challenge.
A Contract-Based Incentive Mechanism for Data Caching in Ultra-Dense Small-Cells Networks (2017)

Wireless caching is an efficient mechanism for reducing downloading delay and reducing the traffic pressure over backhual channels by caching some popular content, e.g., video clips, in small base stations (SBSs). In this paper, we consider a commercialized small-cell caching system consisting of a network service provider (NSP), several video retailers (VRs) and mobile users (MUs). The NSP leases its SBSs to VRs in order to earn profits, while the VRs store popular videos into the lent SBSs, thereby gaining profits from providing better services to the MUs. We conceive the system within the framework of contract theory by designing the optimal quality-price contract. We establish the profit function of NSP and VRs and solve the profit maximization problem through contract theory. Numerical results validate the effectiveness of our incentive mechanism for the system.
Preparation and properties of cyclodextrin–ferrocene inclusion complexes (1984)

One-to-one inclusion complexes were obtained in crystalline state in high yield by the treatment of β-and γ-cyclodextrin (CD)with ferrocene (FcH) and its derivatives (FcR), while α-cyclodextrin formed 2:1 [CD:FcR (FcH)] complexes with ferrocene and the monosubstituted derivatives.
Cultural Shift or Linguistic Drift? Comparing Two Computational Measures of Semantic Change (2016)

Words shift in meaning for many reasons, including cultural factors like new technologies and regular linguistic processes like subjectification. Understanding the evolution of language and culture requires disentangling these underlying causes. Here we show how two different distributional measures can be used to detect two different types of semantic change. The first measure, which has been used in many previous works, analyzes global shifts in a word's distributional semantics, it is sensitive to changes due to regular processes of linguistic drift, such as the semantic generalization of promise ("I promise." -&gt; "It promised to be exciting."). The second measure, which we develop here, focuses on local changes to a word's nearest semantic neighbors; it is more sensitive to cultural shifts, such as the change in the meaning of cell ("prison cell" -&gt; "cell phone"). Comparing measurements made by these two methods allows researchers to determine whether changes are more cultural or linguistic in nature, a distinction that is essential for work in the digital humanities and historical linguistics.
<title>Quantitative analysis of aqueous solutions by FTIR spectroscopy of dry extract</title> (1992)

Continuing the approach adopted by Meurens et al. in dispersive NIR spectroscopy, the principle of using dry extracts is taken up in FTIR spectroscopy, yielding three advantages: the rapidity of Fourier transform spectroscopy, the solvent elimination, and a better peak resolution in the mid-IR. However, sampling appears more difficult in mid-IR than in NIR spectroscopy. In mid-IR spectroscopy, particular dry extract problems are: (1) the nature and the choice of the support, (2) the reproducibility of the signal, and (3) the feasibility of quantitative analysis. The performances of our dry-extract method are required here in terms of spectroscopy as well as of a multicomponent quantitative analysis of mixed sugars in aqueous solutions.
Development of New Mid-Infrared Ultrafast Laser Sources for Compact Coherent X-ray Sources (2012)

In this project, we proposed to develop laser based mid-infrared lasers as a potentially robust and reliable source of ultrafast pulses in the mid-infrared region of the spectrum, and to apply this light source to generating bright, coherent, femtosecond-to-attosecond x-ray beams.
<i>Justicia procumbens</i> Extract (DW2008) Selectively Suppresses Th2 Cytokines in Splenocytes and Ameliorates Ovalbumin-Induced Airway Inflammation in a Mouse Model of Asthma (2017)

DW2008 is an anhydrous ethanol extract of Justicia procumbens produced by Dong-Wha Pharmaceutical, Inc., Co. as a candidate anti-asthmatic drug. In this study, DW2008 selectively reduced T helper 2 (Th2) cytokines in mouse splenocytes and ameliorated ovalbumin-induced airway inflammation by downregulating pulmonary infiltration of differential inflammatory cells and Th2 cytokines more than a decoction or ethanol extract of J. procumbens did in a mouse asthma model. DW2008 also significantly inhibited airway hyperresponsiveness and reduced the thickness of the airway epithelium. HPLC analysis showed that the major peaks (justicidin A and B) of DW2008 were higher than those of the other extracts. Justicidin A and B significantly suppressed Th2 cytokine levels in mouse spleen cells and exhibited a protective effect in ovalbumin-induced airway inflammation. Our findings indicate that DW2008 effectively inhibits allergic airway inflammatory reactions and airway hyperresponsiveness in a mouse model of asthma, suggesting its potential as an anti-asthmatic agent.
Stereospecificity of the enzymic dehydrogenation in the biosynthesis of 3-ethylidene-L-azetidine-2-carboxylic acid from isoleucine by Streptomyces cacaoi (1981)

(2RS,3S,4S)-[2-14C,4-3H]Isoleucine and (2S,3S,4R)-[U-14C,4-3H]isoleucine have been prepared by stereospecific syntheses. The addition of these substrates to Streptomyces cacaoi led to the isolation of polyoxins from which 3-ethylidene-L-azetidine-2-carboxylic acid was isolated by hydrolysis. The pro-R hydrogen at C-4 of isoleucine was lost and the pro-S hydrogen was retained in the biosynthesis of 3-ethylidene-L-azetidine-2-carboxylic acid. These results indicate that the enzymatic dehydrogenation of isoleucine to form 3-ethylidene-L-azetidine-2-carboxylic acid involves the antiperiplanar elimination of the hydrogen at C-3 and the pro-R hydrogen at C-4.
On the influence of different perspectives on evaluating the teamwork quality in the context of agile software development (2020)

Antecedentes: A literatura relata que as diferentes perspectivas (i.e., cargos) dentro de uma equipe de desenvolvimento ágil de software (ASD) percebem o impacto da qualidade do trabalho em equipe (TWQ) no desempenho da equipe de diferentes maneiras. No entanto, nada é afirmado sobre a influência da perspectiva na avaliação do próprio construto TWQ. Objetivos: Para preencher essa lacuna, este estudo tem como objetivo fornecer uma visão mais profunda de como a perspectiva afeta a percepção das variáveis do constructo TWQ. Método: Realizamos uma análise comparativa na qual coletamos dados relacionados ao TWQ de 21 equipes de ASD de duas empresas de desenvolvimento de software. Entrevistamos 130 profissionais de diferentes funções (ou seja, desenvolvedor, analista de qualidade, scrum master, líder técnico e gerente). Comparamos os resultados para as perspectivas associadas usando o Erro Relativo Médio (ERM). Resultados: As perspectivas de líder e gerente apresentam concordância razoável ao avaliar três variáveis que compõem o TWQ (ou seja, coesão, autogerenciamento e orientação de equipe). Desenvolvedores e gerentes concordaram fortemente para quatro variáveis (ou seja, comunicação, coesão, autogerenciamento, e colaboração). Para desenvolvedores e líderes, apenas a variável Coordenação mostrou concordância razoável. Conclusões: Acreditamos que são necessários mais estudos para generalizar os resultados. No entanto, a pesquisa indica que as diferentes perspectivas avaliam as variáveis que compõem o constructo do TWQ de diferentes maneiras. É aconselhável discussões mais próximas e definições de métricas mais objetivas para avaliar essas variáveis, visando um alinhamento de expectativas entre as perspectivas e um consenso ao medir esforços para alcançar a melhoria contínua da equipe.
Mood as Representation of Momentum (2015)

Experiences affect mood, which in turn affects subsequent experiences. Recent studies suggest two specific principles. First, mood depends on how recent reward outcomes differ from expectations. Second, mood biases the way we perceive outcomes (e.g., rewards), and this bias affects learning about those outcomes. We propose that this two-way interaction serves to mitigate inefficiencies in the application of reinforcement learning to real-world problems. Specifically, we propose that mood represents the overall momentum of recent outcomes, and its biasing influence on the perception of outcomes 'corrects' learning to account for environmental dependencies. We describe potential dysfunctions of this adaptive mechanism that might contribute to the symptoms of mood disorders.
Neglected Diseases in the News: A Content Analysis of Recent International Media Coverage Focussing on Leishmaniasis and Trypanosomiasis (2008)

Public health agencies need to raise priority for NTD advocacy. Innovative strategies, such as reporting grants or creating a network of voices, may be needed.
The Development of a Joint Modelling Framework for Operational Flexibility in Power Systems (2019)

The TU Dortmund University (Germany) and the Energy Systems Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences (Russia) launched a joint research project to develop a unified modelling approach for distributed flexibility options. While recent approaches for distributed flexibility fail at common understanding of flexibility in the different layers of the power system, the participants will develop a modelling framework that allows the detailed quantification of flexibility potentials with a distribution-oriented perspective as well as on a systemwide view.
Long-Term Supplementation with Beta Serum Concentrate (BSC), a Complex of Milk Lipids, during Post-Natal Brain Development Improves Memory in Rats (2015)

We have previously reported that the supplementation of ganglioside-enriched complex-milk-lipids improves cognitive function and that a phospholipid-enriched complex-milk-lipid prevents age-related cognitive decline in rats. This current study evaluated the effects of post-natal supplementation of ganglioside- and phospholipid-enriched complex-milk-lipids beta serum concentrate (BSC) on cognitive function in young rats. The diet of male rats was supplemented with either gels formulated BSC (n = 16) or blank gels (n = 16) from post-natal day 10 to day 70. Memory and anxiety-like behaviors were evaluated using the Morris water maze, dark-light boxes, and elevated plus maze tests. Neuroplasticity and white matter were measured using immunohistochemical staining. The overall performance in seven-day acquisition trials was similar between the groups. Compared with the control group, BSC supplementation reduced the latency to the platform during day one of the acquisition tests. Supplementation improved memory by showing reduced latency and improved path efficiency to the platform quadrant, and smaller initial heading error from the platform zone. Supplemented rats showed an increase in striatal dopamine terminals and hippocampal glutamate receptors. Thus BSC supplementation during post-natal brain development improved learning and memory, independent from anxiety. The moderately enhanced neuroplasticity in dopamine and glutamate may be biological changes underlying the improved cognitive function.
Water‐stress‐induced heat tolerance in geranium leaf tissues: A possible linkage through stress proteins? (1998)

Evidence is accumulating in favor of a linkage at the cellular level between various abiotic stresses. We conducted a study to evaluate the effect of water stress on the heat tolerance of zonal geraniums, Pelargonium × hortorum cv. Evening Glow. Water stress was imposed by withholding irrigation until pots reached 30% (by weight) of well‐watered controls, and by maintaining the pot weight by additions of water for another 7 days. Leaf xylem water potential (XWP, MPa), relative water content (RWC. %), and heat‐stress tolerance (HST; LT 50 , defined as the temperature causing half‐maximal % injury based on electrolyte leakage) were measured in control, stressed, and recovered plants. Proteins were extracted from the leaves following the above treatments, and SDS‐PAGE and immunoblotting were performed by using standard procedures. Immunoblots were probed with antibodies to dehydrin and 70‐kDa heat shock cognate (HSC70) proteins. Data indicate that XWP and RWC, respectively, were −0.378 MPa and 92.3% for control plants and −0.804 MPa and 78.6% for stressed plants. Water‐stressed plants exhibited a significant increase in HST compared to control (LT 50 of 55°C vs 51°C). Water‐stress‐induced HST was not due to heat acclimation (leaf warming in stressed plants). Data also indicate that water‐stress treatment did not increase freezing tolerance of geranium leaves. Increased HST was associated with the accumulation of several heat‐stable, dehydrin proteins (25–60 kDa), and both cytosolic and ER luminal (BiP) HSC70 proteins. Leaf XWP, RWC, and HST reversed to control levels concomitant with the disappearance/reduction of dehydrins and HSC70 proteins in water‐stress‐relieved plants. The possibility of a cellular linkage between water stress and heat‐stress tolerance is discussed.