gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Low-dimensional effects in a three-dimensional system of Si quantum dots modified by high-energy ion irradiation (2009)

Modification of films containing Si nanocrystallites embedded in SiO2 by irradiation with high-energy ions was found to induce peaks in their low-frequency capacitance-voltage characteristics. Considering the nanocrystallite spatial distribution that follows the ion tracks we interpret these peaks as due to the charge transfer along these tracks, similar to the process that was reported previously for two-dimensional arrays of such crystallites. The ion irradiation of the above three-dimensional system appears to be useful then for the fabrication of nanostructures, which have also the properties of low-dimensional arrays.
A copper(I) iodide paper for the detection and determination of the concentration of mercury vapour in the workplace atmosphere (1981)

The development and preparation of a test paper for mercury in air is described. A measured volume of air is drawn through a silica gel-loaded filter-paper coated with a mixture of copper(I) iodide and sodium carboxy-methylcellulose, and in the presence of mercury a pink stain is produced. The paper has been validated in the laboratory and a factory for the reliable determination of mercury vapour in air at concentrations up to 100 µg m–3.
The Treatment of Severe Posttraumatic Arthritis of the Ankle Joint (2007)

Giannini, S. MD; Buda, R. MD; Faldini, C. MD; Vannini, F. MD; Romagnoli, M. MD; Grandi, G. MD; Bevoni, R. MD Author Information
Countermeasures against Pattern Formation Phenomena of Thin Sheet Winder by Using Dynamic Absorbers (2009)

This paper deals with a countermeasure against pattern formation phenomena generated on thin sheet winder using dynamic absorbers. The thin sheet is widely used as paper, aluminum, etc. Pattern formation phenomena of the wound sheet sometimes occur in operation because of the viscoelastic characteristics of the sheet. The pattern formation phenomena lead to a fatal damage on the thin sheet. This problem is similar to the other pattern formation phenomena, for instance, polygonal deformations of the smoother roll of paper making machines and pattern formation of the elastic yarn of textile winding machines. The authors conducted experiment to generate the pattern formation using experimental apparatus, and theoretically analyzed to clarify the mechanism of the pattern formation phenomena considering the elastic deformation of the rolls. They also theoretically examined the countermeasure to suppress the phenomena by attaching some dynamic absorbers. The effectiveness of the tunable dynamic absorbers was confirmed by the theoretical analysis, and an example of the tunable dynamic absorber was introduced.
The rules of risk (1998)

Introduction: It Really Happened. How to Think About Risk. The Elements of Risk Management. Of Decisions and Risk. Sweet Regret. Keeping Up With the Joneses. Paying for Playing. The Rap Trap and Evaluations. Of Life, Lotteries, and Stock Options. Making Good Things Better. Know Your Risk. Afterword: How Regret Can Change Your Life. Index.
Effect of Level of Automation on Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Routing Task (2009)

Supervisory control of multiple unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) raises many issues concerning the balance of system autonomy with human interaction for optimal operator situation awareness and system performance. A UAV simulation environment designed to manipulate the application of automation was used to evaluate participants' performance on routing tasks under three levels of automation. Trials also involved completion of several mission-related secondary tasks as participants supervised either one or three UAVs. Both objective and subjective data were collected. The results showed that participants took longer to complete the routing task when automation was high due to the time they spent verifying the accuracy of the imperfect decision aid. These results show the importance of designing an interface that provides an efficient means of interacting with the automation and communicates the automation's rationale, especially under high automation levels.
Mach-Zehnder detector system issues and enhancements for use on the National Ignition Facility DANTE x-ray diagnostic (2014)

We present lessons learned from the fielding of various Mach-Zehnder (MZ) based diagnostic systems on the National Ignition Facility (NIF) and potential solutions. The DANTE X-ray diagnostic is the next in a series of applications for Mach-Zehnder based signal transport and acquisition systems on NIF and as such will incorporate many of these upgrades. In addition to extended dynamic-range performance and improved reliability, the upgrades presented also enable multiplexing of the signals from DANTE's 18 X-Ray Diodes (XRD) to economize on system cost and rack space. Previous deployments on other NIF diagnostics highlighted the necessity to decouple the input light intensity from the bias point of the Mach-Zehnder. Areas of concern including polarization, temperature, bias point and optical power level control will be addressed.
Mechanical properties of melamine-formaldehyde microcapsules (2001)

The mechanical properties of melamine-formaldehyde (M-F) microcapsules were studied using a micromanipulation technique. Single microcapsules with diameters of 1-12 microm were compressed and held between two parallel planes, compressed and released, and compressed to burst at different speeds, whilst the force being imposed on the microcapsules and their deformation were measured simultaneously. This force increased as single microcapsules were compressed and then relaxed slightly as they were held. When the microcapsules were repeatedly compressed and released, a pseudo yield point was found for each microcapsule. Before the microcapsules were compressed to this point, the deformed microcapsules recovered to their original shape once the force was removed. However, when the deformation was beyond the 'yield point' there was profound hysteresis and the microcapsules showed plastic behaviour. As the microcapsules were compressed to burst at different speeds, ranging from 0.5-6.0 microm/s, it was found that their mean bursting forces did not change significantly. The deformations at the pseudo yield point and at bursting were also independent of the compression speed. On average, these melamine-formaldehyde microcapsules reached their 'yield point' at a deformation of about 19 +/- 1%, and burst at a deformation of 70 +/- 1%.
Mismatch repair status in the prediction of benefit from adjuvant fluorouracil chemotherapy in colorectal cancer (2005)

Benefit from 5-FU adjuvant chemotherapy depends on the MMR status of tumours in patients with colorectal cancer. 5-FU adjuvant chemotherapy improves survival in patients with MMR competent tumours but this benefit from chemotherapy cannot be extended to patients with MMR deficient tumours.
The Challenge of Seeing Justice Done in Removal Proceedings (2014)

Prosecutorial discretion is a critical part of the administration of immigration law. This Article considers the work and responsibilities of the Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) trial attorneys, who thus far have not attracted significant scholarly attention, despite playing a large role in the ground-level implementation of immigration law and policy. The Article makes three main contributions. First, I consider whether ICE attorneys have a duty to help ensure that the removal system achieves justice, rather than indiscriminately seek removal in every case and by any means necessary. As I demonstrate, trial attorneys have concrete obligations derived from statutory provisions, case law, and administrative guidance to seek legitimate objectives, take steps to ensure procedural justice, and exercise equitable discretion in appropriate cases. Second, I argue that the removal system lacks serious structural features to ensure these obligations are met, and as a result, prosecutorial discretion and prosecutorial conduct vary significantly across and within jurisdictions. Little prevents ICE attorneys from indiscriminately pursuing enforcement objectives at the expense of seeing justice done. This matters today, more than ever, because of the categorical and categorically unforgiving nature of the modern statutory removal scheme and the risk of erroneous detentions and removals. Third, the Article develops important parallels between ICE attorneys and criminal prosecutors, suggesting that the immigration system might borrow some of the administrative features employed in criminal systems to encourage earlier prosecutorial screening of cases for positive discretion and equalize some of the power asymmetries that can result in unjust outcomes. I sketch the contours of four such reforms that could be readily implemented without the need for congressional action.
Molecular and Histological Evaluation of Sheep Ovarian Tissue Subjected to Lyophilization (2021)

Cryopreservation is routinely used to preserve cells and tissues; however, long time storage brings many inconveniences including the use of liquid nitrogen. Freeze-drying could enable higher shelf-life stability at ambient temperatures and facilitate transport and storage. Currently, the possibility to freeze-dry reproductive tissues maintaining vitality and functions is still under optimization. Here, we lyophilized sheep ovarian tissue with a novel device named Darya and a new vitrification and drying protocol and assessed effects on tissue integrity and gene expression. The evaluation was performed immediately after lyophilization (Lio), after rehydration (LR0h) or after two hours of in vitro culture (IVC; LR2h). The tissue survived lyophilization procedures and maintained its general structure, including intact follicles at different stages of development, however morphological and cytoplasmic modifications were noticed. Lyophilization, rehydration and further IVC increasingly affected RNA integrity and caused progressive morphological alterations. Nevertheless, analysis of a panel of eight genes showed tissue survival and reaction to the different procedures by regulation of specific gene expression. Results show that sheep ovarian tissue can tolerate the applied vitrification and drying protocol and constitute a valid basis for further improvements of the procedures, with the ultimate goal of optimizing tissue viability after rehydration.
RESONANT INTERACTION BETWEEN A QUANTUM DOT AND A NARROWBAND LASER: SPECTROSCOPY AND OPTICAL PUMPING OF A SINGLE SPIN (2007)

Recently, a technique has been developed for performing laser spectroscopy on single self-assembled quantum dots. A summary is presented here of spectroscopy results concerning the charge- and magnetic-field dependent energies and selection rules of the fundamental exciton. In addition, it is also shown how the resonant interaction of a laser with a singly-charged dot can be exploited to pump the electron into one of the spin states. This involves applying a small magnetic field and an appropriate bias in order to suppress spin relaxation through the hyperfine interaction and through co-tunneling processes, respectively.
Pleiotropic increases in free non‐polar lipid, glycolipid and phospholipid contents in waxy bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) grain (2012)

The Wx-D1 locus has pleiotropic effects on the diethyl ether-extractable FL, NL, GL and PL contents and WSB-extractable MGDG, DGDG and PC contents of bread wheat grain. The non-functional Wx-D1d allele causes an increase in the levels of these lipids.
Constitutively Active STAT5 Constructs (2012)

The transcription factor Signal Tranducer and Activator of Transcription 5 (STAT5) plays an important role in many biological processes. To study STAT5 biology, several different constructs have been designed that render STAT5 constitutively active. These constructs have now been used to generate animal models that allow for targeted expression of constitutively active STAT5 including a model where STAT5 is expressed in developing B and T cells. Herein we briefly describe the design of constitutively active STAT5 constructs and recent advances in their use.
NuMA-microtubule interactions are critical for spindle orientation and the morphogenesis of diverse epidermal structures (2016)

Mitotic spindle orientation is used to generate cell fate diversity and drive proper tissue morphogenesis. A complex of NuMA and dynein/dynactin is required for robust spindle orientation in a number of cell types. Previous research proposed that cortical dynein/dynactin was sufficient to generate forces on astral microtubules (MTs) to orient the spindle, with NuMA acting as a passive tether. In this study, we demonstrate that dynein/dynactin is insufficient for spindle orientation establishment in keratinocytes and that NuMA’s MT-binding domain, which targets MT tips, is also required. Loss of NuMA-MT interactions in skin caused defects in spindle orientation and epidermal differentiation, leading to neonatal lethality. In addition, we show that NuMA-MT interactions are also required in adult mice for hair follicle morphogenesis and spindle orientation within the transit-amplifying cells of the matrix. Loss of spindle orientation in matrix cells results in defective differentiation of matrix-derived lineages. Our results reveal an additional and direct function of NuMA during mitotic spindle positioning, as well as a reiterative use of spindle orientation in the skin to build diverse structures.
Towards the Clinical Application of Gene Therapy for Genetic Inner Ear Diseases (2023)

Hearing loss, the most common human sensory defect worldwide, is a major public health problem. About 70% of congenital forms and 25% of adult-onset forms of deafness are of genetic origin. In total, 136 deafness genes have already been identified and there are thought to be several hundred more awaiting identification. However, there is currently no cure for sensorineural deafness. In recent years, translational research studies have shown gene therapy to be effective against inherited inner ear diseases, and the application of this technology to humans is now within reach. We provide here a comprehensive and practical overview of current advances in gene therapy for inherited deafness, with and without an associated vestibular defect. We focus on the different gene therapy approaches, considering their prospects, including the viral vector used, and the delivery route. We also discuss the clinical application of the various strategies, their strengths, weaknesses, and the challenges to be overcome.
Highly Efficient Catalytic Activity of Lanthanide(III) Ions for Conversion of Saccharides to 5-Hydroxymethyl-2-furfural in Organic Solvents (2000)

Abstract All lanthanide(III) ions were found to catalyze dehydration of saccharides to 5-hydroxymethyl-2-furfural (HMF) in DMSO at 100 - 120 °C. Particularly, d-fructose was almost quantitatively converted to HMF without generating any byproducts. The results of the reaction with di- and trisaccharides indicated that the d-fructose moiety in the substrates was selectively converted to HMF.
Multiple Equilibria in Exchange Economies with Homothetic, Nearly Identical Preferences (1996)

For agents with identical homothetic preferences (but possibly different endowments), aggregate excess demand can be derived from maximization of a utility function of a representative agent whose endowment is the sum of the individual's endowments. Such an economy has a unique equilibrium. In this paper, a metric p is defined on the set P of preference relations representable by CES utility functions. It is then shown that there are agentswhose preference relations in P are arbitrarily close to one another in t he metric p, and there are endowments for these agents, such that the resulting exchange economy has a multiple Walrasian equilibria.
Supplementary Fig 3 from A Renewable Tissue Resource of Phenotypically Stable, Biologically and Ethnically Diverse, Patient-Derived Human Breast Cancer Xenograft Models (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Fig 3 � PDF file 31K, Demonstration of histological stability&lt;/p&gt;
High efficiency quantum dot light emitting diodes from positive aging (2017)

Colloidal quantum dot-polymer hybrid light emitting diodes (QLEDs) that exhibit external quantum efficiencies &gt;12% for all three primary colors (21% from green) have been demonstrated.
Diastereoselective synthesis of spiro[benzo[d]pyrrolo[2,1-b]thiazole-3,3′-indolines] via cycloaddition reaction of N-phenacylbenzothiazolium bromides and 3-methyleneoxindoles (2015)

The domino cycloaddition reactions of N-phenacylbenzothiazolium bromides with 3-phenacylideneoxindoles or ethyl 2-(2-oxoindolin-3-ylidene)acetates in ethanol at room temperature in the presence of triethylamine as a base afforded functionalized spiro[benzo[d]pyrrolo[2,1-b]thiazole-3,3'-indolines] in good yields and with high diastereoselectivity. The similar reactions of N-phenacylthiazolium bromides with 3-phenacylideneoxindoles resulted in the corresponding functionalized spiro[indoline-3,7'-pyrrolo[2,1-b]thiazoles] in satisfactory yields and also with high diastereoselectivity.
Bridging the Gap between the Nanostructural Organization and Macroscopic Interfacial Rheology of Amyloid Fibrils at Liquid Interfaces (2014)

The interfacial behavior of proteins and protein aggregates such as fibrils influences the bulk behavior of multiphase systems in foods, pharmaceuticals, and other technological applications. Additionally, it is an important factor in some biological processes such as the accumulation of amyloid fibrils at biological membranes in neurodegenerative diseases. Here, using β-lactoglobulin fibrils as a model system, we cover a large range of characteristic measuring length scales by combining atomic force microscopy, passive probe particle tracking, tensiometry, interfacial shear, and dilatational rheology in order to correlate the intricate structure of fibril-laden interfaces with their macroscopic adsorption kinetics and viscoelasticity. A subtle change in solution pH provokes pronounced changes in interfacial properties such as alignment, entanglement, multilayer formation, and fibril fracture, which can be resolved and linked across the various length scales involved.
Splitter (2010)

The benefits of virtualized IT environments, such as compute clouds, have drawn interested enterprises to migrate their applications onto new platforms to gain the advantages of reduced hardware and energy costs, increased flexibility and deployment speed, and reduced management complexity. However, the process of migrating a complex application takes a considerable amount of effort, particularly when performing post-migration testing to verify that the application still functions correctly in the target environment. The traditional approach of test case generation and execution can take weeks and synthetic test cases may not adequately reflect actual application usage.
The effects of high altitude on hypothalamic‐pituitary secretory dynamics in men (1995)

This study is the first description of exaggerated GH response to the administration of GHRH in HA men and also of a significant increase in IGF-I concentration in the same subjects in the presence of normal levels of IGFBP-3. An altered hypothalamic-pituitary response was found in HA men after administration of oCRH characterized by a significantly lower basal ACTH concentration at HA, although the response to oCRH was present but the beta-endorphin response to oCRH was blunted. At HA, basal cortisol levels, as well as CBG, were elevated and the cortisol levels did not significantly increase after endogenous ACTH secretion. We have characterized the differences in hypothalamic-pituitary dynamics after the administration of TRH, GnRH and oCRH in HA men comparing their response to age/sex matched SL men.
Carbo-Nitride Precipitation in Tempered Martensite - Computer Simulation and Experiment (2012)

In the present work, the precipitation behavior of a V-microalloyed, quenched and tempered steel with 0.3wt % C is investigated experimentally and by computer simulation. The specimens are analyzed by means of transmission electron microscopy using selected area diffraction (SAD) and energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDX). The analysis is done on electropolished foils and on extraction replica. The numerical simulation is performed with the thermokinetic software package MatCalc, where the precipitation kinetics is examined for the experimentally applied thermo-mechanical cycles. Good agreement between experiment and simulation is obtained and the experimentally observed precipitate microstructure can be well explained on the basis of these simulations.
Helical and rotational symmetries of nanoscale graphitic tubules (1993)

We show how all extended graphitic tubules constructed by rolling up a single graphite sheet can be defined in terms of their helical and rotational symmetries. Specification of these symmetries is practically mandatory in all but the simplest calculations of tubule properties as a function of radius and structure. We also report results of a tight-binding study implemented by using these symmetries. This study shows that independent of their helicity the larger-diameter, moderate-band-gap semiconducting tubules all have band gaps given approximately by ${\mathit{E}}_{\mathit{g}}$=\ensuremath{\Vert}${\mathit{V}}_{0}$\ensuremath{\Vert}(${\mathit{d}}_{0}$/${\mathit{R}}_{\mathit{T}}$), where ${\mathit{R}}_{\mathit{T}}$ is the tubule radius and ${\mathit{V}}_{0}$ is the hopping matrix element between nearest-neighboring 2p orbitals oriented normal to the tubule surface and centered on carbon atoms separated by a distance ${\mathit{d}}_{0}$ along this surface. In addition, we show that all tubules constructed by rolling up the graphite sheet can be labeled in a fashion familiar in the description of helical chain polymers with translational symmetry.
A therapeutic vaccine that reduces recurrent herpes simplex virus type 1 corneal disease. (1998)

Recurrent HSV-1 corneal disease was significantly reduced by therapeutic local periocular vaccination. The vaccine may be more efficacious against HSV-1-induced recurrent corneal disease than against recurrent HSV-1 ocular shedding. Its efficacy against corneal disease appeared to be longer lasting than its efficacy against recurrent spontaneous shedding. The heterotypic gD2 vaccine was as efficacious as the homotypic gD1 vaccine against recurrent corneal disease, whereas the homotypic vaccine was much more efficacious than the heterotypic vaccine against recurrent HSV-1 shedding. This is the first report in any animal model of a successful therapeutic vaccine against recurrent HSV-1-induced corneal disease. These results support the concept that development of a therapeutic vaccine for ocular HSV-1 recurrence in humans may be possible.
New Sub-Band Adaptive Volterra Filter for Identification of Loudspeaker (2019)

Adaptive Volterra filters (AVFs) are usually used to identify nonlinear systems, such as loudspeaker systems, and ordinary adaptive algorithms can be used to update the filter coefficients of AVFs. However, AVFs require huge computational complexity even if the order of the AVF is constrained to the second order. Improving calculation efficiency is therefore an important issue for the real-time implementation of AVFs. In this paper, we propose a novel sub-band AVF with high calculation efficiency for second-order AVFs. The proposed sub-band AVF consists of four parts: input signal transformation for a single sub-band AVF, tap length determination to improve calculation efficiency, switching the number of sub-bands while maintaining the estimation accuracy, and an automatic search for an appropriate number of sub-bands. The proposed sub-band AVF can improve calculation efficiency for which the dominant nonlinear components are concentrated in any frequency band, such as loudspeakers. A simulation result demonstrates that the proposed sub-band AVF can realize higher estimation accuracy than conventional efficient AVFs.