gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Efficient implementation of linear predictive coding algorithms (2002)

In linear predictive coding (LPC) analysis, the linear predictors are computed using the classical Levinson-Durbin algorithm. But the Levinson-Durbin algorithm is a processing bottleneck as it involves the addition of inner products in the calculation of the reflection coefficients. This paper develops and reports on modifications to the algorithm used in various speech processing and coding applications for efficient implementations.
Fatigue crack growth in unidirectional metal matrix composite (1990)

The weight function method was used to determine the effective stress intensity factor and the crack opening profile for a fatigue tested composite which exhibited fiber bridging. The bridging mechanism was modeled using two approaches; the crack closure approach and the shear lag approach. The numerically determined stress intensity factor values from both methods were compared and correlated with the experimentally obtained crack growth rates for SiC/Ti-15-3 (0)(sub 8) oriented composites. The near crack tip opening profile was also determined for both methods and compared with the experimentally obtained measurements.
Siccanin Rediscovered as a Species-Selective Succinate Dehydrogenase Inhibitor (2009)

To identify antibiotics targeting to respiratory enzymes, we carried out matrix screening of a structurally varied natural compound library with Pseudomonas aeruginosa membrane-bound respiratory enzymes. We identified a succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor, siccanin (IC(50), 0.9 microM), which is a potent antibiotic against some pathogenic fungi like Trichophyton mentagrophytes and inhibits their mitochondrial succinate dehydrogenase. We found that siccanin was effective against enzymes from P. aeruginosa, P. putida, rat and mouse mitochondria but ineffective or less effective against Escherichia coli, Corynebacterium glutamicum, and porcine mitochondria enzyme. Action mode was mixed-type for quinone-dependent activity and noncompetitive for succinate-dependent activity, indicating the proximity of the inhibitor-binding site to the quinone-binding site. Species-selective inhibition by siccanin is unique among succinate dehydrogenase inhibitors, and thus siccanin is a potential lead compound for new chemotherapeutics.
Coinfection of a Cow with Bovine Leukemia Virus and Mycobacterium Bovis (2009)

Bovine leukosis associated with infection with the delta retrovirus Bovine leukemia virus (BLV) is endemic in many cattle herds in the United States. Infection has been associated with immunosuppression and decreased productivity. Cases of tuberculosis in cows due to infection with Mycobacterium bovis reemerged in Michigan in 1998, and despite intensive eradication attempts, new cases of bovine tuberculosis are sporadically identified. The present report details a coinfection with BLV and M. bovis in a Holstein cow from Michigan that presented as part of a bovine tuberculosis screening program. Peripheral and visceral lymph nodes of this animal were markedly enlarged, homogeneously pale white, and bulged on the cut surface. The submandibular, mesenteric, and caudal mediastinal lymph nodes contained multifocal to coalescing caseogranulomas that ranged from 1 to 5 cm in diameter. Histologically, dense sheets of monomorphic populations of neoplastic lymphocytes obliterated the normal architecture of all lymph nodes. Caseogranulomas were characterized by central pools of amorphous degenerate eosinophilic and occasionally mineralized granular debris surrounded by thick rims of epithelioid macrophages, occasional Langhan's type giant cells, and fibrosis. Polymerase chain reaction assay was positive for BLV. Cultures of affected lymph nodes yielded growth of M. bovis.
Enhanced chemotherapy delivery by intraarterial infusion and blood‐brain barrier disruption in malignant brain tumors (2005)

These encouraging results prompted the authors to further refine their knowledge of the potential contribution of this procedure in the treatment of brain tumors. These authors designed a randomized Phase III study for patients with GBM that is now open.
Expression of pathogenic SCN9A mutations in the zebrafish: A model to study small-fiber neuropathy (2018)

Small-fiber neuropathy (SFN) patients experience a spectrum of sensory abnormalities, including attenuated responses to non-noxious temperatures in combination with a decreased density of the small-nerve fibers. Gain-of-function mutations in the voltage-gated sodium channels SCN9A, SCN10A and SCN11A have been identified as an underlying genetic cause in a subpopulation of patients with SFN. Based on clinical-diagnostic tests for SFN, we have set up a panel of two read-outs reflecting SFN in zebrafish, being nerve density and behavioral responses. Nerve density was studied using a transgenic line in which the sensory neurons are GFP-labelled. For the behavioral experiments, a temperature-controlled water compartment was developed. This device allowed quantification of the behavioral response to temperature changes. By using these read-outs we demonstrated that zebrafish embryos transiently overexpressing the pathogenic human SCN9A p.(I228M) or p.(G856D) mutations both have a significantly decreased density of the small-nerve fibers. Additionally, larvae overexpressing the p.(I228M) mutation displayed a significant increase in activity induced by temperature change. As these features closely resemble the clinical hallmarks of SFN, our data suggest that transient overexpression of mutant human mRNA provides a model for SFN in zebrafish. This disease model may provide a basis for testing the pathogenicity of novel genetic variants identified in SFN patients. Furthermore, this model could be used for studying SFN pathophysiology in an in vivo model and for testing therapeutic interventions.
Stacking Faults Assist Lithium-Ion Conduction in a Halide-Based Superionic Conductor (2022)

In the pursuit of urgently needed, energy dense solid-state batteries for electric vehicle and portable electronics applications, halide solid electrolytes offer a promising path forward with exceptional compatibility against high-voltage oxide electrodes, tunable ionic conductivities, and facile processing. For this family of compounds, synthesis protocols strongly affect cation site disorder and modulate Li<sup>+</sup> mobility. In this work, we reveal the presence of a high concentration of stacking faults in the superionic conductor Li<sub>3</sub>YCl<sub>6</sub> and demonstrate a method of controlling its Li<sup>+</sup> conductivity by tuning the defect concentration with synthesis and heat treatments at select temperatures. Leveraging complementary insights from variable temperature synchrotron X-ray diffraction, neutron diffraction, cryogenic transmission electron microscopy, solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance, density functional theory, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, we identify the nature of planar defects and the role of nonstoichiometry in lowering Li<sup>+</sup> migration barriers and increasing Li site connectivity in mechanochemically synthesized Li<sub>3</sub>YCl<sub>6</sub>. We harness paramagnetic relaxation enhancement to enable <sup>89</sup>Y solid-state NMR and directly contrast the Y cation site disorder resulting from different preparation methods, demonstrating a potent tool for other researchers studying Y-containing compositions. With heat treatments at temperatures as low as 333 K (60 °C), we decrease the concentration of planar defects, demonstrating a simple method for tuning the Li<sup>+</sup> conductivity. Findings from this work are expected to be generalizable to other halide solid electrolyte candidates and provide an improved understanding of defect-enabled Li<sup>+</sup> conduction in this class of Li-ion conductors.
Real time estimation of ship motions using Kalman filtering techniques (1983)

The estimation of the heave, pitch, roll, sway, and yaw motions of a DD-963 destroyer is studied, using Kalman filtering techniques, for application in VTOL aircraft landing. The governing equations are obtained from hydrodynamic considerations in the form of linear differential equations with frequency dependent coefficients. In addition, nonminimum phase characteristics are obtained due to the spatial integration of the water wave forces. The resulting transfer matrix function is irrational and nonminimum phase. The conditions for a finite-dimensional approximation are considered and the impact of the various parameters is assessed. A detailed numerical application for a DD-963 destroyer is presented and simulations of the estimations obtained from Kalman filters are discussed.
Quantum cascade laser: A promising candidate toward an ultra-stable laser in the mid-IR (2011)

The frequency noise properties of free-running single-mode mid-IR Quantum Cascade Lasers (QCLs) operated near room-temperature in CW mode and emitting at 4.6 µm are presented. The frequency noise level measured in this paper is globally a factor of 100 lower than recently reported for a similar QCL but operated at cryogenic temperature. The results are very promising for the future realization of a QCL-based ultra-stable laser in the mid-IR.
Clock multiplication techniques for high-speed I/Os (2017)

Generation of a low-jitter, high-frequency clock from a low-frequency reference clock using classical analog phase-locked loops (PLLs) requires a large loop filter capacitor and power hungry oscillator. Digital PLLs can help reduce area but their jitter performance is severely degraded by quantization error. In this dissertation different clock multiplication techniques have been explored that can be suitable for high-speed wireline systems. With the emphasis on ring oscillator based architecture using cascaded stages, three possible architectures are explored.&#13;\nFirst, a scrambling TDC (STDC) is presented to improve deterministic jitter (DJ) performance when used with a low-frequency reference clock. A cascaded architecture with digital multiplying delay locked loop as the first stage and hybrid analog/digital PLL as the second stage is used to achieve low random jitter in a power efficient manner. Fabricated in a 90nm CMOS process, the prototype frequency synthesizer consumes 4.76mW power from a 1.0V supply and generates 160MHz and 2.56 GHz output clocks from a 1.25MHz crystal reference frequency. The long-term absolute jitter of the 60MHz digital MDLL and 2.56 GHz digital PLL outputs are 2.4 psrms and 4.18 psrms, while the peak-to-peak jitter is 22.1 ps and 35.2 ps, respectively. The proposed frequency synthesizer occupies an active die area of 0.16mm2 and achieves power efficiency of 1.86 mW/GHz. &#13;\nSecond, a hybrid phase/current-mode phase interpolator (HPC-PI) is presented to improve phase noise performance of ring oscillator-based fractional-N PLLs. The proposed HPC-PI alleviates the bandwidth trade-off between VCO phase noise suppression and ΔΣ quantization noise suppression. By combining the phase detection and interpolation functions into an XOR phase detector/interpolator (XOR PD-PI) block, accurate quantization error cancellation is achieved without using calibration. Use of a digital MDLL in front of the fractional-N PLL helps in alleviating the bandwidth limitation due to reference frequency and enables bandwidth extension even further. The extended bandwidth helps in suppressing the ring-VCO phase noise and lowering the in-band noise floor. Fabricated in 65nm CMOS process, the prototype generates fractional frequencies from 4.25 to 4.75 GHz, with an in-band phase noise floor of -104 dBc/Hz and 1.5 psrms integrated jitter. The clock multiplier achieves power efficiency of 2.4mW/GHz and FoM of -225.8 dB. &#13;\nFinally, an efficient clock generation, recovery, and distribution techniques for flexible-rate transceivers are presented. Using a fixed-frequency low-jitter clock provided by an integer-N PLL, fractional frequencies are generated/recovered locally using multi-phase fractional clock multipliers. Fabricated in a 65nm CMOS, the prototype transceiver can be programmed to operate at any rate from 3-to-10 Gb/s. At 10 Gb/s, integrated jitter of the Tx output and recovered clock is 360 fsrms and 758 fsrms, respectively.
Torsional Pendulum Analysis (2016)

The document gives definitions of terms met in the conventional thermal and thermomechanical characterisation of polymeric materials.
Weed Classification Using Explainable Multi-Resolution Slot Attention (2021)

In agriculture, explainable deep neural networks (DNNs) can be used to pinpoint the discriminative part of weeds for an imagery classification task, albeit at a low resolution, to control the weed population. This paper proposes the use of a multi-layer attention procedure based on a transformer combined with a fusion rule to present an interpretation of the DNN decision through a high-resolution attention map. The fusion rule is a weighted average method that is used to combine attention maps from different layers based on saliency. Attention maps with an explanation for why a weed is or is not classified as a certain class help agronomists to shape the high-resolution weed identification keys (WIK) that the model perceives. The model is trained and evaluated on two agricultural datasets that contain plants grown under different conditions: the Plant Seedlings Dataset (PSD) and the Open Plant Phenotyping Dataset (OPPD). The model represents attention maps with highlighted requirements and information about misclassification to enable cross-dataset evaluations. State-of-the-art comparisons represent classification developments after applying attention maps. Average accuracies of 95.42% and 96% are gained for the negative and positive explanations of the PSD test sets, respectively. In OPPD evaluations, accuracies of 97.78% and 97.83% are obtained for negative and positive explanations, respectively. The visual comparison between attention maps also shows high-resolution information.
ANG II AT1 and AT2 receptors in developing kidney of normal microswine (2002)

To identify an appropriate model of human renin-angiotensin system (RAS) involvement in fetal origins of adult disease, we quantitated renal ANG II AT(1) and AT(2) receptors (AT1R and AT2R, respectively) in fetal (90-day gestation, n = 14), neonatal (3-wk, n = 5), and adult (6-mo, n = 8) microswine by autoradiography ((125)I-labeled [Sar(1)Ile(8)]ANG II+cold CGP-42112 for AT1R, (125)I-CGP-42112 for AT2R) and by whole kidney radioligand binding. The developmental pattern of renal AT1R in microswine, like many species, exhibited a 10-fold increase postnatally (P < 0.001), with maximal postnatal density in glomeruli and lower density AT1R in extraglomerular cortical and outer medullary sites. With aging, postnatal AT1R glomerular profiles increased in size (P < 0.001) and fractional area occupied (P < 0.04), with no change in the number per unit area. Cortical levels of AT2R by autoradiography fell with age from congruent with 5,000 fmol/g in fetal kidneys to congruent with 60 and 20% of fetal levels in neonatal and adult cortex, respectively (P < 0.0001). The pattern of AT2R binding in postnatal pig kidney mimicked that described in human and simian, but not rodent, species: dense AT2R confined to discrete cortical structures, including pre- and juxtaglomerular, but not intraglomerular, vasculature. Our results provide a quantitative assessment of ANG II receptors in developing pig kidney and document the concordance of pigs and primates in developmental regulation of renal AT1R and AT2R.
In Situ Ambient Pressure X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy Studies of Methanol Oxidation on Pt(111) and Pt–Re Alloys (2015)

For methanol oxidation reactions, Pt–Re alloy surfaces are found to have better selectivity for CO2 production and less accumulation of surface carbon compared to pure Pt surfaces. The unique activity of the Pt–Re surface is attributed to the increased ability of Re to dissociate oxygen compared to Pt and the ability of Re to diffuse gradually to the surface under reaction conditions. In this work, the oxidation of methanol was studied by ambient pressure X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (AP-XPS) and mass spectrometry on Pt(111), a Pt–Re surface alloy, and a Re film on Pt(111) as well as Pt(111) and Pt–Re alloy surfaces that were preoxidized before reaction. Methanol oxidation conditions consisted of 200 mTorr of O2/100 mTorr of methanol at temperatures ranging from 300 to 550 K. The activities of all of the surfaces studied are similar in that CO2 and H2O are the main oxidation products, along with formaldehyde, which is produced below 450 K. For reaction on Pt(111), there is a change in selectivity that favors CO and H2 over CO2 at 500 K and above. This shift in selectivity is not as pronounced on the Pt–Re alloy surface and is completely absent on the oxidized Pt–Re alloy surfaces and oxidized Re film. AP-XPS results demonstrate that Pt(111) is more susceptible to poisoning by carbonaceous surface species than any of the Re-containing surfaces. Oxygen-induced diffusion of Re to the surface is believed to occur at elevated temperatures under reaction conditions, based on the increase in the Re/Pt ratio upon heating; density function theory (DFT) calculations confirm that there is a thermodynamic driving force for Re atoms to diffuse to the surface in the presence of oxygen. Furthermore, Re diffuses to the surface when the Pt–Re alloy is exposed to O2 at 450 K before methanol oxidation, and consequently this surface has the highest CO2 production at temperatures below that required for Re diffusion during methanol reaction. Although the oxidized Re film also exhibits high selectivity for CO2 production and minimal carbon deposition, this surface is unstable due to the sublimation of Re2O7; in contrast, the Pt–Re alloy is more resistant to Re sublimation since the majority of Re resides in the subsurface region.
Effects of Soil Calcium and pH on Seed Germination and Subsequent Growth of Large Crabgrass (Digitaria sanguinalis) (1999)

Large crabgrass is a problem weed in horticultural crops, particularly in turfgrass in the southeastern United States. If growth of large crabgrass could be suppressed via soil pH or calcium levels, control of this weed in turfgrass might be improved while minimizing herbicide usage. To determine the effect of soil calcium and pH on germination and growth of large crabgrass, seeds were sown in a loamy sand soil amended with calcium carbonate (CaCO 3 ) or magnesium carbonate (MgCO 3 ) that established a range of soil pH from 4.8 to 7.8. Seeds were also sown in soil amended similarly with calcium sulfate (CaSO 4 ), which does not affect pH, that established a range of exchangeable Ca levels corresponding to the Ca range in CaCO 3 from pH 4.8 to 7.8. Seed germination of large crabgrass was unaffected by pH when soil was amended with CaCO 3 , whereas seed germination decreased with increasing pH when soil was amended with MgCO 3 . Crabgrass germination was not affected by Ca (CaSO 4 ) independent of pH changes. Increasing soil pH reduced shoot and root dry weights of seedlings regardless of material used to raise pH. Maximum shoot dry weights occurred at pH 4.8 in the unamended soil, whereas maximum root dry weights occurred at ranges from pH 5.8 to 6.3 for CaCO 3 and pH 5.3 to 5.8 for MgCO 3 . Shoot and root dry weights were not affected by Ca when soil was amended with CaSO 4 . By raising soil pH levels, the growth of large crabgrass and its ability to compete with turfgrass may be reduced. Raising exchangeable Ca does not appear to be an effective management tool for control of this weed species.
Relaxivity of Gd‐Based MRI Contrast Agents in Crosslinked Hyaluronic Acid as a Model for Tissues (2019)

The efficiency of MRI contrast agents depends on the relaxation rate enhancement that they can induce at imaging fields. It is well known that, at these fields, large relaxation rates are obtained by binding of gadolinium(III) ions to large molecules. By the same token, the interaction of the gadolinium(III) complexes with macromolecules that are found in biological tissues can be responsible for an increase of the relaxation rate with respect to the value observed in liquids. We investigate here the relaxation enhancement of gadoteridol (Gd-HP-DO3A) in crosslinked hyaluronic acid, taken as model tissue, using fast field-cycling relaxometry. The analysis of the relaxation profiles as a function of the magnetic fields indicates that a sizable increase in the relaxation rates is due to a modest interaction of the contrast agent with the hydrogel and to the slower mobility of the water molecules outside the first-coordination sphere of the gadolinium(III) ion.
Recurrence of skin infections in patients treated with telavancin versus vancomycin for complicated skin and soft tissue infections in a New Orleans emergency department (2008)

Telavancin (TLV) is a novel lipoglycopeptide antibiotic that has a multifunctional mechanism to produce rapid bactericidal activity. TLV is highly active against Gram-positive bacteria, including methicillin-resistant and vancomycin (VAN)-intermediate and VAN-resistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus. The recently described community-acquired MRSA is known to have virulence factors associated with multiple lesions and recurrences. The objective of this study was to determine rates of recurrent skin infections within 6 months following treatment with TLV versus VAN.
Recent Patents of TGF-&#946; Family and VEGF Associated with Ovarian Follicular Development in Mammals (2007)

In mammalian ovary, follicular development in mammals is regulated by the complex process including endocrine, paracrine and autocrine. During the last decade, the role of growth factors in ovarian folliculogenesis has been extensively studied in mammals. In particular, a growing body of evidence indicates that the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) system plays a key role in follicular development and atresia in the woman, rodents and domestic animal species. More recently, the bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) and growth differentiation factor (GDF) that belong to TGF-beta family have been shown to be involved in the regulation of follicle growth. In this paper, we will essentially consider the role of these growth factor systems in mammalian ovary. Moreover, we will review recent patents associated with ovarian follicular development in mammals.