gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Waveguides for acoustic surface waves: A review (1976)

A review is presented of the current state of knowledge concerning waveguiding structures for acoustic surface waves. The stress is on the various types of waveguide and their properties, in order to provide a guide for the applications-oriented engineer. Related matters which are treated more briefly include the reasons for using waveguides, and some applications, both actual and potential.
Surface roughness reduction using spray-coated hydrogen silsesquioxane reflow (2013)

Surface roughness or texture is the most visible property of any object, including injection molded plastic parts. Roughness of the injection molding (IM) tool cavity directly affects not only appearance and perception of quality, but often also the function of all manufactured plastic parts. So called “optically smooth” plastic surfaces is one example, where low roughness of a tool cavity is desirable. Such tool surfaces can be very expensive to fabricate using conventional means, such as abrasive diamond polishing or diamond turning. We present a novel process to coat machined metal parts with hydrogen silsesquioxane (HSQ) to reduce their surface roughness. Results from the testing of surfaces made from two starting roughnesses are presented; one polished with grit 2500 sandpaper, another with grit 11.000 diamond polishing paste. We characterize the two surfaces with AFM, SEM and optical profilometry before and after coating. We show that the HSQ coating is able to reduce peak-to-valley roughness more than 20 times on the sandpaper polished sample, from 2.44(±0.99) μm to 104(±22) nm and more than 10 times for the paste polished sample from 1.85(±0.63) μm to 162(±28) nm while roughness averages are reduced 10 and 3 times respectively. We completed more than 10,000 injection molding cycles without detectable degradation of the HSQ coating. This result opens new possibilities for molding of affordable plastic parts with perfect surface finish.
Changes in the secretome of tri-dimensional spheroid-cultured human mesenchymal stem cells in vitro by interleukin-1 priming (2018)

Increased secretion of anti-inflammatory markers occurs when MSCs are cultured in 3D, but this specific secretome did not translate into anti-inflammatory effects on LPS-treated BV2 cells in co-culture. These data highlight the importance of optimising priming treatments and culture conditions to maximise the therapeutic potential of MSC spheroids.
Insights into the Cancer Stem Cell Model of Glioma Tumorigenesis (2007)

Not all cancer cells are born equal. While the great majority of the cells that make up tumours are destined to differentiate, albeit aberrantly, and eventually stop dividing, a handful of cancer cells appear to possess limitless replicative potential. This review presents compelling evidence to suggest that the bulk of malignant cells of most cancers are generated by a rare fraction of stem cell-like cancer cells. These cells, dubbed cancer stem cells, are phenotypically similar to the normal stem cells of the corresponding tissue of origin, but they exhibit dysfunctional patterns of self-renewal and differentiation. Cancer stem cells that are capable of recapitulating brain tumours as xenografts in mice are characterised by defined stem cell markers. These brain tumour stem cells demonstrate enhanced chemoresistance and radioresistance mechanisms compared to non-stem cells in the heterogeneous tumour, which suggest that they may be the likely candidates for tumour progression and recurrence. Indeed, recent work has shown that such aberrant signalling pathways may be targeted in novel anti-cancer therapeutic strategies. The stem cell concept of tumour progression prompts immediate attention to a new paradigm in cancer research with a focus on this minority subset of cells, and the design of novel therapeutic strategies to target these cells that are insignificant within the population of tumour cells, but that are in fact the relevant cells to be destroyed.
A philosophical perspective on the prenatal in utero microbiome debate (2021)

Within the last 6 years, a research field has emerged that focuses on the characterization of microbial communities in the prenatal intrauterine environment of humans and their putative role in human health. However, there is considerable controversy around the existence of such microbial populations. The often contentious debate is primarily focused on technical aspects of the research, such as difficulties to assure aseptic sampling and to differentiate legitimate signals in the data from contamination. Although such discussions are clearly important, we feel that the problems with the prenatal microbiome field go deeper. In this commentary, we apply a philosophical framework to evaluate the foundations, experimental approaches, and interpretations used by scientists on both sides of the debate. We argue that the evidence for a "sterile womb" is based on a scientific approach that aligns well with important principles of the philosophy of science as genuine tests of the hypothesis and multiple angles of explanatory considerations were applied. In contrast, research in support of the "in utero colonization hypothesis" is solely based on descriptive verifications that do not provide explanatory insight, which weakens the evidence for a prenatal intrauterine microbiome. We propose that a reflection on philosophical principles can inform not only the debate on the prenatal intrauterine microbiome but also other disciplines that attempt to study low-biomass microbial communities.
Effect of Nonincorporative Cations on the Size and Shape of Indium Oxide Nanocrystals (2020)

A wide range of material properties can be accessed by tuning the size and shape of nanocrystals (NCs). Cations incorporated into the crystal lattice of indium oxide (In2O3) NCs as dopants have been shown to impact electronic, optical, and magnetic properties and also sometimes influence the NC shape, but the effects of nonincorporative cations have not been investigated. In this work, we found that nonincorporative alkali cations greatly affect the size and shape of In2O3 NCs. In particular, addition of sodium ions in the reactant mixture significantly increases the NC size and induces a rhombic dodecahedral (RDH) shape, which has not been observed in previous reports. By changing the volume of the precursor, we demonstrate size tunability from 17 to 45 nm, where shape is independently controlled by the sodium concentration. Finally, a progressive shape evolution from RDH to cubes is observed by incrementally replacing sodium in the precursor with potassium ions.
Research on Rapid Product Design Based on WAVE Technology (2015)

Rapid design systems in existence mainly target at series development instead of product variant design. As an effort to solve this problem, this paper applies WAVE (What-if Alternative Value Engineer) to rapid product design. It elaborates on the basic theory and design method of WAVE and points out ways to integrate it with product rapid design system. Then using WAVE, it introduces knowledge expression, storage and deduction, the establishment of prototype library and the automatic updating of prototype model in rapid design system. Finally the system's validity is proved through a design case of modular machine tool.
A Burst Mode, Ultrahigh Temperature UF4 Vapor Core Reactor Rankine Cycle Space Power System Concept (1996)

Static and dynamic neutronic analyses have been performed on an innovative burst mode (100's of MW output for a few thousand seconds) Ulvahigh Temperature Vapor Core Reactor (UTVR) space nuclear power system. The NVTR employs multiple, neutronically-coupled fissioning cores and operates on a direct, closed Rankine cycle using a disk Magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) generater for energy conversion. The UTVR includes two types of fissioning core regions: (1) the central Ultrahigh Temperature Vapor Core (UTVC) which contains a vapor mixture of highly enriched UF4 fuel and a metal fluoride working fluid and (2) the UF4 boiler column cores located in the BeO moderator/reflector region. The gaseous nature of the fuel the fact that the fuel is circulating, the multiple coupled fissioning cores, and the use of a two phase fissioning fuel lead to unique static and dynamic neutronic characteristics. Static neutronic analysis was conducted using two-dimensional S sub n, transport theory calculations and three-dimensional Monte Carlo transport theory calculations. Circulating-fuel, coupled-core point reactor kinetics equations were used for analyzing the dynamic behavior of the UTVR. In addition to including reactivity feedback phenomena associated with the individual fissioning cores, the effects of core-to-core neutronic and mass flow coupling between the UTVC and the surrounding boiler cores were also included in the dynamic model The dynamic analysis of the UTVR reveals the existence of some very effectlve inherent reactivity feedback effects that are capable of quickly stabilizing this system, within a few seconds, even when large positive reactivity insertions are imposed. If the UTVC vapor fuel density feedback is suppressed, the UTVR is still inherently stable because of the boiler core liquid-fuel volume feedback; in contrast, suppression of the vapor fuel density feedback in 'conventional" gas core cavity reactors causes them to become inherently unstable. Due to the strength of the negative reactivity feedback in the UTVR, it is found that external reactivity insertions alone are inadequate for bringing about significant power level changes during normal reactor operations. Additional methods of reactivity control such as variations in the gaseous fuel mass flow rate, are needed to achieve the desired power level oontrol.
Regulation of Growth and Proliferation in B Cell Subpopulations (1982)

The activation of B lymphocyte subpopulations by anti-immunoglobulin and by LPS has been examined. All resting B cells were stimulated to grow larger (i.e. to go from G0 phase to mid G1 phase of the cell cycle) by the continuous presence of anti-mu antibodies. A subpopulation oif these B cells, 30-50% in normal mouse strains, entered S phase in response to large doses of anti-mu. This subpopulation, probably Lyb5+, was completely absent in mice with the xid-determined immune defect. Another, apparently distinct subpopulation, comprising about 25% of the cells, and probably present in xid mice, was sensitive to a proliferative signal delivered by LPS, if the cells had first been cultured for 24 h in the presence of a dose of anti-mu that was sufficient to cause cell enlargement. The fraction of B cells responding to LPS in this way was significantly larger than the fraction responding to LPS alone, suggesting that anti-mu is superior to LPS at inducing the G0 to G1 transition. Based on these results we propose a model of the control of B cell growth and proliferation. Anti-Ig antibodies, or epitopes on conventional antigens, combine with and cross-link B cell receptors, causing the cells to enter G1 and to develop sensitivity to late G1 stimuli, which determine whether they will then enter S phase. These stimuli are provided either by a high dose of anti-mu or by LPS. These agents may work directly or may stimulate other cells to produce B cell Growth Factor (BCGF) and/or related regulatory molecules which may be the actual late G1 stimuli. Distinct B cell types are sensitive to distinct mechanisms for control of proliferation. A new monoclonal antibody, 14G8, which recognizes only a fraction of B cells (30% in normal mice and about 65% in xid mice), was used to separate B cell subpopulations based on the presence or absence of the cell surface antigen recognized by this antibody. The results suggest that 14G8 expression is negatively correlated with Lyb5 expression, although not absolutely. Indeed 14G8+ B cells respond quite well to anti-mu (32% the cells enter S phase). Since Lyb5- B cells are believed not to proliferate in response to anti-mu, this would suggest that a sizeable fraction of the 14G8+ B cells are also Lyb5+. The 14G8+ and 14G8- B cell subpopulations were found to be functionally distinct in that the former responded very well to LPS, whereas the latter responded very poorly. Models of B cell development based on expression of these membrane antigens are presented.
Ultrabroadband quantum interface for telecom-wavelength single-photon qubits using a semiconductor quantum dot ensemble (2013)

We demonstrate the coherent transfer and retrieval of ultrabroadband (terahertz range) time-bin qubits to a quantum dot ensemble using photon echo technique at telecommunication wavelength. The time-bin qubits are implemented with 1-ps weak coherent pulses at the single photon level. The transfer and retrieval fidelity of time-bin qubits is estimated to be higher than 95 % for 200-ps storage time.
Analysis of differential gain in InGaAs-InGaAsP compressive and tensile strained quantum-well lasers and its application for estimation of high-speed modulation limit (1993)

A simplified model that furnishes an intuitive insight for the change in quantum-well (QW) laser gain due to QW strain and quantum confinement is presented. Differential gain for InGaAs-InGaAsP compressive and tensile strained multi-quantum-well (MQW) lasers is studied using the model. The comparison between the calculated and experimental results for lattice-matched and compressive strained MQW lasers shows that this model also gives quantitatively reasonable results. It is found that the variance-band barrier height strongly affects the differential gain, especially for compressively strained MQW lasers. The tensile strained MQW lasers are found to have quite high differential gain, due to the large dipole matrix element for the electron-light-hole transition, in spite of the large valence-band state density. Furthermore, a great improvement in the differential gain is expected by modulation p doping in the tensile strained MQW lasers. The ultimate modulation bandwidth for such lasers is studied using the above results.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
ChemInform Abstract: CARBANION‐CARBONIUMION‐ZWISCHENPRODUKTE BEI RAZEMISIERUNG UND SOLVOLYSE VON CYCLOPROPANEN, STEREOCHEMIE DER METHANOLYSE EINES SYSTEMS MIT KOHLENSTOFF ALS ABSPALTENDER GRUPPE, ZWISCHENPRODUKTE BEI EPIMERISIERUNG VON CYCLOPROPANEN (1971)

Abstract Aus dem Cyclopropan (I) entstehen durch Methanolyse der Äther (II) und das Olefin (III) und beim Erhitzen in Li‐bromid‐Dimethylformamid das Nitril (IV) und das Lacton (V).
Three-Dimensional Plasmonic Nanocluster-Driven Light–Matter Interaction for Photoluminescence Enhancement and Picomolar-Level Biosensing (2022)

Plasmonic nanoparticle clusters promise to support unique engineered electromagnetic responses at optical frequencies, realizing a new concept of devices for nanophotonic applications. However, the technological challenges associated with the fabrication of three-dimensional nanoparticle clusters with programmed compositions remain unresolved. Here, we present a novel strategy for realizing heterogeneous structures that enable efficient near-field coupling between the plasmonic modes of gold nanoparticles and various other nanomaterials via a simple three-dimensional coassembly process. Quantum dots embedded in the plasmonic structures display ∼56 meV of a blue shift in the emission spectrum. The decay enhancement factor increases as the total contribution of radiative and nonradiative plasmonic modes increases. Furthermore, we demonstrate an ultracompact diagnostic platform to detect M13 viruses and their mutations from femtoliter volume, sub-100 pM analytes. This platform could pave the way toward an effective diagnosis of diverse pathogens, which is in high demand for handling pandemic situations.
Engineering a high-performance GPU B-Tree (2019)

We engineer a GPU implementation of a B-Tree that supports concurrent queries (point, range, and successor) and updates (insertions and deletions). Our B-tree outperforms the state of the art, a GPU log-structured merge tree (LSM) and a GPU sorted array. In particular, point and range queries are significantly faster than in a GPU LSM (the GPU LSM does not implement successor queries). Furthermore, B-Tree insertions are also faster than LSM and sorted array insertions unless insertions come in batches of more than roughly 100k. Because we cache the upper levels of the tree, we achieve lookup throughput that exceeds the DRAM bandwidth of the GPU. We demonstrate that the key limiter of performance on a GPU is contention and describe the design choices that allow us to achieve this high performance.
Effect of Aoa on Glutaraldehyde-Fixed Bioprosthetic Heart Valve Cusps and Walls: Binding and Calcification Studies (1994)

Alpha-aminooleic acid (AOA), a potent, non-toxic and biocompatible anticalcification agent, has been shown to be effective for glutaraldehyde-fixed valves in rat and juvenile sheep models, and is used for the treatment of Medtronic heart valve bioprostheses currently in clinical trials. In the pre-clinical sheep study of a stentless aortic root, the treatment with AOA prevented calcification of the cusps, but not of the wall. The experiments described in this manuscript were designed to investigate a possible relationship between the binding of AOA and the differential treatment efficacy in the cusp and the wall, and to improve the anticalcification effect of the AOA treatment in the wall. Glutaraldehyde-fixed porcine roots were treated with [14C]-AOA for binding studies, and with non-radioactive AOA for calcification studies for rat subdermal implants. The results indicate that a) the AOA treatment did reduce wall calcification, but only temporarily, b) the low efficacy of the AOA treatment on the wall was probably due to the limited penetration of AOA, and c) increasing the volume of the AOA solution during treatment significantly increased the content of AOA in the wall, and significantly decreased wall calcification. This study suggests that AOA efficacy in the wall may be hindered because of the physical characteristics of the wall, and that wall calcification may be prevented by developing methods aimed at increasing AOA penetration into the wall.
Choroidal nevi in adult Indians: The Central India Eye and Medical Study (2012)

A choroidal nevus is a melanocytic choroidal lesion which is less than 5 mm in its largest basal diameter and smaller than 1 mm in its height.1 The clinical importance of choroidal nevi relates to their potential malignant transformation and reported association with visual impairment.2 The reported prevalence of choroidal nevi varies from 0.2% to 30%.3 ,4 Since most data on the prevalence of choroidal nevi did not originate from population-based studies, and because population-based data have not been available particularly for the Indian population, it was the purpose of our study to determine the frequency of choroidal nevi and their associations in a population-based investigation in India.

The Central India Eye and Medical Study is a population based cross sectional study performed in rural Central India.5 The Medical Ethics Committee of the Medical Faculty Mannheim …
On Noncoherent MIMO Channels in the Wideband Regime: Capacity and Reliability (2007)

<para xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> We consider a multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) wideband Rayleigh block-fading channel where the channel state is unknown to both the transmitter and the receiver and there is only an average power constraint on the input. We compute the capacity and analyze its dependence on coherence length, number of antennas and receive signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) per degree of freedom. We establish conditions on the coherence length and number of antennas for the noncoherent channel to have a “near-coherent” performance in the wideband regime. We also propose a signaling scheme that is near-capacity achieving in this regime. We compute the error probability for this wideband noncoherent MIMO channel and study its dependence on SNR, number of transmit and receive antennas and coherence length. We show that error probability decays inversely with coherence length and exponentially with the product of the number of transmit and receive antennas. Moreover, channel outage dominates error probability in the wideband regime. We also show that the critical as well as cutoff rates are much smaller than channel capacity in this regime. </para>
Development and Evaluation of a Calibrator Material for Nucleic Acid-Based Assays for Diagnosing Aspergillosis (2013)

Twelve laboratories evaluated candidate material for an Aspergillus DNA calibrator. The DNA material was quantified using limiting-dilution analysis; the mean concentration was determined to be 1.73 × 10(10) units/ml. The calibrator can be used to standardize aspergillosis diagnostic assays which detect and/or quantify nucleic acid.
Effect of the crosslink functionality on the mechanical properties of crosslinked 1,2,3‐triazole polymers as potential binders for rocket propellants (2010)

Abstract The mechanical properties of crosslinked polymers depend on their structural features, one of which is the functionality of the crosslinks in a polymer network. To study the effect of crosslink functionality (ϕ) on the mechanical properties of 1,2,3‐triazole polymers for potential application as rocket propellant binders, crosslinkers with different ϕ's (3, 4, 6, 16, 32, and 64) were used in the polymerization. As the percentage of acetylenic groups provided by crosslinker was kept constant and the functionality of the crosslinker increased, the resulting polymer showed a higher modulus but a lower strain. Compared to traditional polyurethane binders, 1,2,3‐triazole polymers showed comparable mechanical properties, although the stress and modulus tended to be lower and the strain capability tended to be greater for the triazole‐linked rubbers. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
Electrochemical Coupling Effects on the Corrosion of Silicon Samples in  HF  Solutions (1995)

Multilevel metallization commonly used in semiconductor manufacturing for VLSI and ULSI circuits production requires low defect densities. In particular, we could observe in some circumstances, a new defect generation owing to a pitting corrosion of the polysilicon substrate during wet processing. Polysilicon pitting corrosion has been investigated in hydrofluoric solutions (DHF and BHF). The mechanism of corrosion can proceed by two different modes First a purely electroless mechanism can appear on a nearly homogeneous surface of silicon where a few sites play the role of microcathodes; in that case, surface metallic contamination by metal impurities from hydrofluoric solutions is a source of silicon corrosion. A study to characterize all intervening parameters is made using total reflectance x‐ray fluorescence (TXRF) Second, a spontaneous difference of potential between Pt‐Si plots and polysilicon electrode enhances the short‐circuit current. A procedure is developed to study this corrosion in relation to real conditions existing during the wet process This corrosion is analogous to the anodic dissolution very near the thermodynamic equilibrium value; then a very small defect on the structure results in a local variation of potential, favorable to pitting or intergranular corrosion Such a mechanism at a low value of the overpotential and low current density, is known to be responsible for a preferential etching on crystal lattice defects and leads to surface roughening and pinhole formation.