gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: An Efficient Means for Generating p‐Methoxybenzyl (PMB) Ethers under Mildly Acidic Conditions. (2008)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Scalable hardware priority queue architectures for high-speed packet switches (2000)

With effective packet-scheduling mechanisms, modern integrated networks can support the diverse quality-of-service requirements of emerging applications. However, arbitrating between a large number of small packets on a high-speed link requires an efficient hardware implementation of a priority queue. To highlight the challenges of building scalable priority queue architectures, this paper includes a detailed comparison of four existing approaches: a binary tree of comparators, priority encoder with multiple first-in-first-out lists, shift register, and systolic array. Based on these comparison results, we propose two new architectures that scale to the large number of packets (N) and large number of priority levels (P) necessary in modern switch designs. The first architecture combines the faster clock speed of a systolic array with the lower memory requirements of a shift register, resulting in a hybrid design; a tunable parameter allows switch designers to carefully balance the trade-off between bus loading and chip area. We then extend this architecture to serve multiple output ports in a shared-memory switch. This significantly decreases complexity over the traditional approach of dedicating a separate priority queue to each outgoing link. Using the Verilog hardware description language and the Epoch silicon compiler, we have designed and simulated these two new architectures, as well as the four existing approaches. The simulation experiments compare the designs across a range of priority queue sizes and performance metrics, including enqueue/dequeue speed, chip area, and number of transistors.
Improved Synthesis of the Nav1.7 Inhibitor GDC-0276 via a Highly Regioselective SNAr Reaction (2019)

The development of a redesigned and improved second-generation synthesis of the Nav1.7 inhibitor GDC-0276 based on experience gained from a fit-for-purpose first-generation synthesis will be described. The first-generation synthesis proceeded via a regioselective SNAr reaction on the advanced starting material t-butyl 5-chloro-2,4-difluorobenzoate with 1-adamantanemethanol. In the newly developed second-generation synthesis, the much improved regioselective SNAr reaction was performed on the readily available starting material 1-chloro-2,4-difluorobenzene, followed by installation of the carboxylate group by electrophilic aromatic bromination and a palladium-catalyzed alkoxycarbonylation. A subsequent Suzuki–Miyaura cross-coupling reaction was then telescoped directly into a phase-transfer-catalyzed ester hydrolysis. Amidation of the resulting acid intermediate with 1-azetidine sulfamide in turn provided GDC-0276 in high overall yield and purity on a 100 kg scale.
Categorical Risk Stratification for Neonatal Early Onset Sepsis using Suspected Intraamniotic Infection and the Newborn Exam (2023)

A categorical approach using suspected IAI/newborn exam offers good EOS discrimination and is comparable to the calculator.
016 Exit velocity and feeding behavior of water buffalo: A relationship to be considered during the feedlot adaptation phase (2017)

The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between exit velocity (EV) and feeding behavior of 75 water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis; 13 ± 1 mo of age and 314 ± 117 kg BW) during a 28-d adaptation phase to the diet and feedlot facility. Animals were allocated to 3 pens (26.5 m2/animal) equipped with artificial shade (2.8 m2/animal), automatic feeders, and water troughs (Intergado, Minas Gerais, Brazil). Body weight was measured at the beginning and end of the adaptation phase (28 d) to determine total gain (TG) and ADG. Exit velocity was recorded on d 0. The animals had ad libitum access to a total mixed ration (30:70 roughage:concentrate ratio) and water. Dry matter intake and water intake (WI) were recorded daily. The feeding behaviors analyzed were the time to visit the feeder for the first time without DMI, the time for the first 1 kg of DMI, number of total visits to the feeder with DMI, number of total visits to the feeder without DMI, the time to visit the water trough for the first time without WI, number of total visits to the water trough with WI, and number of total visits to the water trough without WI. Data were analyzed with PROC CORR (SAS). Exit velocity was negatively correlated with TG (r = −0.25, P = 0.04), ADG (r = −0.24, P = 0.04), DMI (r = −0.27, P = 0.02), number of total visits at water trough with WI (r = −0.29, P = 0.01), number of total visits water trough without WI (r = −0.27, P = 0.02), with a tendency for the number of total visits at feeder with DMI (r = −0.19, P = 0.10) and total WI (r = −0.23, P = 0.06). Furthermore, a positive correlation was detected between EV and the time to visit the water trough for the first time without WI (r = 0.25, P = 0.04). No association was detected (P > 0.05) between EV and the other feeding behaviors in this phase. Additionally, total WI was positively correlated with TG (r = 0.50, P < 0.01) and ADG (r = 0.51, P < 0.01). In conclusion, exit velocity is correlated with feeding behavior traits during the adaptation phase and can be used as tool to help in the selection of desirable water buffalo in feedlot production. Supported by FAPESP number 2014/05473-7.
Methyl 5-nitro-2-(phenylamino)pyridine-4-carboxylate (2006)

In the crystal structure of the title compound, C13H11N3O4, there are two independent mol­ecules in the asymmetric unit. In each case, the methyl­carboxyl­ate group is twisted by about 90° relative to the rest of the mol­ecule. The mol­ecules are packed in the crystal structure through N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds.
Technological and non-technological barriers in the revamping of traditional district heating networks into low temperature district heating: an Italian case study (2018)

The revamping of existing high temperature district heating systems with low temperature solutions will ensure a better usage of primary energy thanks to the reduction of thermal losses through the networks and to the possibility of use low grade enthalpy heat for the scope, including renewables. However, several criticalities are present that make the evolution from the 3rd to the 4th generation of district heating not immediate.
Thyroid Hormone Function in the Rat Testis (2014)

Thyroid hormones are emerging regulators of testicular function since Sertoli, germ, and Leydig cells are found to express thyroid hormone receptors (TRs). These testicular cells also express deiodinases, which are capable of converting the pro-hormone T4 to the active thyroid hormone T3, or inactivating T3 or T4 to a non-biologically active form. Furthermore, thyroid hormone transporters are also found in the testis. Thus, the testis is equipped with the transporters and the enzymes necessary to maintain the optimal level of thyroid hormone in the seminiferous epithelium, as well as the specific TRs to execute thyroid hormone action in response to different stages of the epithelial cycle of spermatogenesis. Studies using genetic models and/or goitrogens (e.g., propylthiouracil) have illustrated a tight physiological relationship between thyroid hormone and testicular function, in particular, Sertoli cell differentiation status, mitotic activity, gap junction function, and blood-testis barrier assembly. These findings are briefly summarized and discussed herein.
Characterization of Ciprofloxacin resistant Extended Spectrum &lt;i&gt;β&lt;/i&gt;-Lactamase (ESBL) producing &lt;i&gt;Escherichia &lt;/i&gt;spp. from clinical waste water in Bangladesh (2013)

Clinical Waste Water (CWW) possesses the risks of spreading antibiotic resistant bacteria in the environment. In Bangladesh, liquid discharge is directly released into the municipal sewage system and pollutes the surroundings water bodies/rivers. Liquid samples were collected from the three CWW discharge sites connected to DMCH (Dhaka Medical College Hospital) and from one control group non-connected to DMCH. About 32, 30 and 26 times higher ciprofloxacin, cefixime and multi-drug resistant bacterial count were found in CWW over control samples. Among the isolates, two Escherichia spp. isolates, denoted 26N and 28N, were found to be resistant against fluoroquinolone (MBC of Ciprofloxacin > 1024 μg/ml), cephalosporin, glycopeptide, monobactam, penicillin, tetracycline, rifampicin, macrolides, sulfonamide and nitrofuran classes of drugs and were also ESBL positive through phenotypic assay. Plasmid curing experiment detected possible plasmid mediated resistance of fluoroquinolone, cephalosporin, tetracycline, lincosamide and nitrofuran classes of antibiotics. Phylogenetically, isolate 26N and 28N were characterized as Escherichia coli and Escherichia fergusonii. These MDR and ESBL positive bacteria are potent to disseminate resistant determinants in the surrounding environments.
Synthesen von Heterocyclen, 184 Zur Synthese von Kawalactonderivaten (1976)

Abstract Die Umsetzung der Ketone 1 , 8 und 10 mit den reaktiven Malonestern 2 liefern die 4‐Hydroxy‐2‐pyrone 3a , 3b , 9a , 9b , 11a / 11b mit den charakteristischen Strukturelementen der Kawalactone. Durch katalytische Hydrierung bzw. Methylierung werden die Derivate 4 – 7 erhalten. Die Einwirkung von Malonylchlorid oder Kohlensuboxid auf 10 gibt das Pyronopyron 13 .
Refinement of the Hot-Mix Asphalt Ignition Method for High-Loss Aggregates (2005)

Four methodologies for determining the asphalt content of mixtures containing high-loss aggregates in the ignition furnace were evaluated: the standard method using the Thermolyne furnace (control), the Troxler NTO infrared furnace, the Ontario method, and a Tempyrox glass-cleaning oven. Six aggregate sources with high ignition furnace aggregate corrections were obtained from around the country: four dolomites, a basalt, and a serpentine/chlorite. Calibration factors were determined for each method at optimum asphalt content. Additional samples were then tested at optimum plus 0.5% asphalt content, and the measured asphalt content was calculated by using the correction factor determined for that method and aggregate source. The Tempyrox Pyro-Clean furnace, commonly used for cleaning laboratory glassware, produced the lowest aggregate correction factors. The standard method and the Ontario method, both using the Thermolyne ignition furnace, produced the smallest bias or error in measured asphalt content. The standard deviation of the corrected asphalt contents for these high-loss sources was higher than the within-laboratory standard deviation reported for AASHTO T308. The only exception was the Alabama source using the standard method. The Ontario method and Tempyrox oven generally reduced the variability of asphalt content measurements for high-loss aggregates. None of the methods evaluated statistically reduced aggregate breakdown on the nominal maximum aggregate size and 4.75-mm sieves. The Ontario method significantly reduced, but did not eliminate, aggregate breakdown on the 0.075-mm sieve. The Ontario method is the best method for immediate implementation for determining the asphalt content by the ignition method for high-loss aggregates.
Nitrogen-Bearing Carbon Nanoparticles by Pyrolytic Decomposition of Piperazine Citrate Macromolecules for Cellular Imaging (2020)

In this work, highly photoluminescent carbon nanoparticles (CNPs) are fabricated by pyrolytic decomposition of piperazine citrate at high pressure and high temperature. Piperazine serves as a hydrolytic, surface-passivating, and N-doping agent, facilitating the formation of a photopolymer. The as-synthesized CNPs, without any surface protection/passivation, exhibit excellent photolumi-nescence and a maximum quantum yield of 84%. The average particle size of the N-doped CNPs is 0.89±0.05 nm. In addition, the N-doped CNPs exhibit uniform diameters and nearly spherical shapes. The X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy results reveal that the CNPs are composed of carbon (64.4 wt%), oxygen (18.5 wt%), and nitrogen (17.1 wt%), indicating the presence of nitrogen-doped and carbon-rich moieties in the CNPs. Notably, the CNPs purified by the procedure developed in this work exhibit more stable luminescence properties than those purified with the conventional dialysis membrane. In addition, the potential application of the CNPs as fluorescent bioimaging probes, which offer a broad dosing window and exhibit multicolor emission, is investigated by directly cultur-ing A549 cells with the CNPs. The results reveal that the CNPs exhibit not only exceptional optical stability, but also outstanding biocompatibility and cell labeling capability. After incubating the A549 cells with CNPs, the CNPs are confined in perinuclear vacuole-similar shapes with a granulated form in cytoplasm preserving the nucleus. Notably, no significant morphological deterioration such as nuclear contraction is detected.
Production of Octaketide Polyenes by the Calicheamicin Polyketide Synthase CalE8: Implications for the Biosynthesis of Enediyne Core Structures (2009)

Enediyne antibiotics are categorized according to the presence of either a 9- or 10-membered ring within their polyketide-derived core structures. Recent literature reports have favored the notion that biosynthetic divergence of the two structural families is determined by the enediyne polyketide synthases (PKSs) alone. We now disclose the simultaneous in vitro production of three octaketide polyenes by biosynthetic enzymes for the 10-membered enediyne calicheamicin gamma(1)(I), including the elusive beta-keto acid precursor to a previously described C15 methyl hexaenone. Alongside these two polyene products, we have additionally detected a hydrocarbon heptaene previously isolated only from 9-membered enediyne systems. The discovery of the heptaene in the calicheamicin system promotes a more convergent model for the early steps of enediyne biosynthesis. Furthermore, the synthesis of this set of octaketides by the enediyne PKS CalE8 and thioesterase CalE7 suggests, in contrast to recent biosynthetic proposals, that accessory enzymes may be necessary to initiate differentiation to 9- or 10-membered enediyne precursors, either by modulation of enediyne PKS activity or by interception and modification of polyketide chain-extension intermediates.
Following the Great Dao of international relations: A Confucian prescription for peace (1999)

Extract: Peace is our common goal. People with conscience work toward its achievement and it is, of course, a duty for all religious people. Confucianism is a humanitarian philosophy. Hence, the ultimate concern of Confucianism is happiness for all people in the present human world. Confucian disciples seek to implement in this world the Great Dao (Way) and thereby transform it into the Great Harmony or datong. In this datong, the world belongs to all. This is what Confucius taught.
Region-Based Structure Preserving Nonnegative Matrix Factorization for Hyperspectral Unmixing (2016)

Hyperspectral unmixing is one of the most important techniques in the remote sensing image analysis. In recent years, the nonnegative matrix factorization (NMF) method is widely used in hyperspectral unmixing. In order to solve the nonconvex problem of the NMF method, a number of constraints have been introduced into NMF models, including sparsity, manifold, smoothness, etc. However, these constraints ignore an important property of a hyperspectral image, i.e., the spectral responses in a homogeneous region are similar at each pixel but vary in different homogeneous regions. In this paper, we introduce a novel region-based structure preserving NMF (R-NMF) to explore consistent data distribution in the same region while discriminating different data structures across regions in the unmixed data. In this method, a graph cut algorithm is first applied to segment the hyperspectral image to small homogeneous regions. Then, two constraints are applied to the unmixing model, which preserve the structural consistency within the region while discriminating the differences between regions. Results on both synthetic and real data have validated the effectiveness of this method, and shown that it has outperformed several state-of-the-art unmixing approaches.
Multi-wavelength diffractive beam shaper for rectangular flattop spots in flow cytometer (Conference Presentation) (2020)

Flow cytometer is a powerful tool for the quantitative analysis of a large population of cells. A key factor determining the measurement accuracy and system stability is the illumination beam. The conventional beam shaper is composed of multiple geometrical optical elements, which should be precisely calibrated to produce elliptical Gaussian beams. It is difficult to control the sizes and positions of the focal spots formed by different wavelengths. A new beam shaping method based on diffractive optical element (DOE) is developed for rectangular flattop spots with multi-wavelength illumination. Its benefits include high simplicity, design flexibility, uniform illumination, and multifunctionality.
Enhanced surveillance of Clostridium difficile infection occurring outside hospital, England, 2011 to 2013 (2016)

There are limited national epidemiological data for community-associated (CA)-Clostridium difficile infections (CDIs). Between March 2011 and March 2013, laboratories in England submitted to the Clostridium difficile Ribotyping Network (CDRN) up to 10 diarrhoeal faecal samples from successive patients with CA-CDI, defined here as C. difficile toxin-positive diarrhoea commencing outside hospital (or less than 48 hours after hospital admission), including those cases associated with community-based residential care, with no discharge from hospital within the previous 12 weeks. Patient demographics and C. difficile PCR ribotypes were compared for CA-CDIs in our study and presumed healthcare-associated (HA) CDIs via CDRN. Ribotype diversity indices, ranking and relative prevalences were very similar in CA- vs HA-CDIs, although ribotypes 002 (p ≤ 0.0001),020 (p = 0.009) and 056 (p < 0.0001) predominated in CA-CDIs; ribotype 027 (p = 0.01) predominated in HA-CDIs. Epidemic ribotypes 027 and 078 predominated in institutional residents with CDI (including care/nursing homes) compared with people with CDI living at home. Ribotype diversity decreased with increasing age in HA-CDIs, but not in CA-CDIs. Ribotype 078 CA-CDIs were significantly more common in elderly people (3.4% (6/174) vs 8.7% (45/519) in those aged < 65 and ≥ 65 years, respectively; p = 0.019). No antibiotics were prescribed in the previous four weeks in about twofold more CA-CDI vs HAs (38.6% (129/334) vs 20.3% (1,226/6,028); p < 0.0001). We found very similar ribotype distributions in CA- and HA-CDIs, although a few ribotypes significantly predominated in one setting. These national data emphasise the close interplay between, and likely common reservoirs for, CDIs, particularly when epidemic strains are not dominant.
Analysis of leukocyte differentiation antigens in blood and bone marrow from preleukemia (refractory anemia) patients using monoclonal antibodies (1986)

Abstract Peripheral blood and bone marrow mononuclear cells from patients with refractory anemia (RA) or RA with sideroblasts (defined according to the revised French-American-British classification with less than 5% blast cells in the bone marrow) were analyzed using a panel of monoclonal antibodies directed against leukocyte antigens on B lymphocytes, T lymphocytes, monocytes, and myeloid cells. In the peripheral blood an increased proportion of T lymphocytes (and correspondingly a decreased proportion of B cells) could be demonstrated. However, when expressed in terms of absolute numbers, the T cell component was depressed because of severely decreased numbers of T4+ helper cells. In contrast, the absolute numbers of T8+ suppressor cells were either normal or increased in the majority of the patients. This resulted in markedly decreased ratios of T4+/T8+ cells, which were closely correlated to the number of transfusions given to the patients because of their refractory anemia. Finally, nearly all of the patients exhibited decreased numbers of cells reactive with the N901 natural killer (NK) antibody, thus explaining our earlier finding of decreased NK activity in these patients. In the bone marrow increased proportions of myeloid cells reactive with monoclonal antibodies present on immature myeloid cells (My7 and My9) were found, suggesting the presence of malignant clones. Indeed, when the numbers of My7+ cells and the morphologic evaluations of bone marrow smears at the time of diagnosis were compared to the progression of the disease, a group of patients with high numbers of My7+ cells and normal morphology could be identified that had a high probability of progression to refractory anemia with an excess of blasts or to overt acute myeloid leukemia. Thus, the use of antibodies defining leukocyte differentiation antigens might be of significant value in the diagnosis and prognostication of the myelodysplastic syndromes. These findings are discussed in relation to the pathogenesis of this potentially premalignant condition with special emphasis on possible defects in the immunologic defense mechanisms against early neoplasias.
Quantifying symptoms in men with interstitial cystitis/prostatitis, and its correlation with potassium‐sensitivity testing (2004)

The high rate of positive PST in patients with "classic" prostatitis indicates that pathology originating in the bladder may be an important source of symptoms in most. In patients with prostatitis and female patients with interstitial cystitis, symptoms may arise not from separate disease entities but from a continuum of epithelial dysfunction and potassium cycling that may be present throughout the lower urinary tract.