gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Intrinsic Gettering in Nitrogen-Doped and Hydrogen-Annealed Czochralski-Grown Silicon Wafers (2001)

The properties of nitrogen-doped and hydrogen-annealed Czochralski-grown silicon (NHA-CZ-Si) wafers were investigated in this study. The quality of the subsurface was investigated by monitoring the generation lifetime of minority carriers, as measured by the capacitance-time measurements of a metal oxide silicon capacitor (MOS C-t). The intrinsic gettering (IG) ability was investigated by determining the nickel concentration on the surface and in the subsurface as measured by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (GFAAS) after the wafer was deliberately contaminated with nickel. From the results obtained, the generation lifetimes of these NHA-CZ-Si wafers were determined to be almost the same as, or a little longer than those of epitaxial wafers, and the IG ability was proportional to the total volume of oxygen precipitates [i.e., bulk micro defects (BMDs)], which was influenced by the oxygen and nitrogen concentrations in the wafers. Therefore, it is suggested that the subsurface of the NHA-CZ-Si wafers is of good quality and the IG capacity is controllable by the nitrogen and oxygen concentrations in the wafers.
Modeling of a Rotational Spectrometer by Ray Tracing Methods (2007)

In this paper the ray tracing method is developed and used for the modeling of a rotational spectrometer. Since the electrical size of the spectrometer is several thousands times longer compared to the wavelength, the presented approach is much suitable for the analysis of such huge devices than the classical numerical exact methods such as the fast integral methods.
Enhanced carrier multiplication in engineered quasi-type-II quantum dots (2014)

One process limiting the performance of solar cells is rapid cooling (thermalization) of hot carriers generated by higher-energy solar photons. In principle, the thermalization losses can be reduced by converting the kinetic energy of energetic carriers into additional electron-hole pairs via carrier multiplication (CM). While being inefficient in bulk semiconductors this process is enhanced in quantum dots, although not sufficiently high to considerably boost the power output of practical devices. Here we demonstrate that thick-shell PbSe/CdSe nanostructures can show almost a fourfold increase in the CM yield over conventional PbSe quantum dots, accompanied by a considerable reduction of the CM threshold. These structures enhance a valence-band CM channel due to effective capture of energetic holes into long-lived shell-localized states. The attainment of the regime of slowed cooling responsible for CM enhancement is indicated by the development of shell-related emission in the visible observed simultaneously with infrared emission from the core.
ChemInform Abstract: DIAZOSULFIDE 1. MITT. KINETISCHE UNTERSUCHUNG DER RK. VON DIARYLDIAZOSULFIDEN MIT BETA‐NAPHTHOL IN ALKALISCHEM AETHANOL (1970)

Abstract Die Diaryldiazosulfide (I) reagieren mit β‐Naphthol (II) in alkalischem Äthanol in beachtlicher Geschwindigkeit zu den Azofarbstoffen (III).
Anisotropic nanoparticles--synthesis, characterization and applications : symposium held November 27-29, 2000, Boston, Massachusetts, U.S.A. (2001)

The properties of nanoscale materials are derived from the additional dimensional and compositional degrees of freedom that arise when the physical dimensions of the system are smaller than a characteristic length scale of interest. Anisotropic particles can exhibit novel and enhanced properties compared to isotropic spherical particles. This book focuses on all aspects of anisotropy on the nanoscale. In addition to the synthesis of new anisotropic materials, the ability to address individual nanostructures is important for technological applications such as nanoelectronics and biomedical engineering. Furthermore, the assembly of ordered 1-D, 2-D, and 3-D arrays of anisotropic nanoparticles presents challenges not encountered with isotropic particles. Chemical interactions and electric fields can be used to assemble ordered arrays from colloidal suspensions. The ability to address isolated anisotropic particles allows fundamental measurements of properties. By assembling an extremely multi-disciplinary group of scientists, this book attempts to address all of these issues. Topics include: metallic nanoparticles and clusters; metallic nanowires; nanowires and nanotubes; nanoparticles in biology; and semiconductor nanoparticles.
Real-world (RW) evidence of vinflunine in metastatic urothelial cancer (mUC): A systematic review of seven European studies. (2018)

463 Background: Vinflunine is the only chemotherapy agent for which there is a marketing authorisation in Europe for platinum-pretreated patients (pts) with mUC, based on a randomized phase III clinical trial. However, RW data regarding long-term efficacy and safety of vinflunine in unselected populations is needed. We conducted a systematic review gathering RW data from published observational European studies. Methods: Controlled studies and case series were excluded. We systematically explored the following endpoints: Overall Response Rate (ORR), Progression-Free Survival (PFS), Overall Survival (OS) and toxicity. Results: From 2014 to 2017, seven post-marketing studies including 750 pts were published: one was prospective and six were retrospective. Median ORR and median OS ranged from 13% to 29% and 6.3 to 11.9 months (mo) respectively (see Table below). In long-term survivors, OS reached 20.5 mo. Initial doses ranged from 250 to 320 mg/m2 adapted to patient’s conditions. In multivariate analysis, OS was found to be associated with the following risk-factors at baseline: ECOG PS &gt;0, hemoglobin &lt;10 g/dl, and presence of liver metastasis. The favorable safety profile demonstrated in randomized trials was confirmed. Main toxicity was hematological: neutropenia (G 3/4 in 1% to 23%) and anemia (G 3/4 in 4% to 33%). Constipation seemed to be less frequent than previously reported (G 3/4 in 5% to 22%). Conclusions: This is the largest experience of vinflunine use in platinum-pretreated pts with mUC. In our RW evidence, vinflunine shows both efficacy and a safe profile in an unselected patient population with similar criteria as in the pivotal trial. These findings reinforce the role of vinflunine in mUC, particularly if compared to evidence with taxanes or the increasing costs of immunotherapy.[Table: see text]
Survival Impact of Aggressive Treatment and PD-L1 Expression in Oligometastatic NSCLC (2021)

Aggressive treatments of oligometastatic NSCLC significantly improve mOS and mPFS compared to a more palliative approach. PD-L1 expression is a negative prognostic factor which suggests a possible role for immunotherapy in this setting.
Somatization and Medicalization (1996)

To the Editor. —The article by Drs Barsky and Borus 1 on was timely, but certain issues need discussion. First, the authors overrate the role of psychiatrists in treating somatization. They cite Smith et al, 2,3 who show that a psychiatric consult intervention of a specific type is helpful in reducing health care costs among patients with syndrome or disorder, but then Barsky and Borus recommend a psychiatric management approach opposite to that of Smith et al in asserting that patients should be taught about the process of somatization and that cognitive and behavioral therapy should be used. Although the recommendations of Barsky and Borus are based in part on speculation that fosters somatization, there is no evidence that medicalization causes or reinforces or contributes significantly to health care costs. The cause of is, in fact, not known. In the studies by Smith et
Development of a stable ERroGFP variant suitable for monitoring redox dynamics in the ER (2016)

The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is an essential organelle for cellular metabolic homeostasis including folding and maturation of secretory and membrane proteins. Disruption of ER proteostasis has been implicated in the pathogenesis of various diseases such as diabetes and neurodegenerative diseases. The ER redox state, which is an oxidative environment suitable for disulfide-bond formation, is essential for ER protein quality control. Hence, detection of the ER redox state, especially in living cells, is essential to understand the mechanism by which the redox state of the ER is maintained. However, methods to detect the redox state of the ER have not been well-established because of inefficient folding and stability of roGFP variants with oxidative redox potential like roGFP-iL. Here we have improved the folding efficiency of ER-targeted roGFP-iL (ERroGFP-iL) in cells by introducing superfolder GFP (sfGFP) mutations. Four specific amino acid substitutions (S30R, Y39N, T105N and I171V) greatly improved folding efficiency in Escherichia coli and in the ER of HeLa cells, as well as the thermostability of the purified proteins. Introduction of these mutations also enhanced the dynamic range for redox change both in vitro and in the ER of living cells. ER-targeted roGFP-S4 (ERroGFP-S4) possessing these four mutations could detect physiological redox changes within the ER. ERroGFP-S4 is therefore a novel probe suitable for monitoring redox change in the ER. ERroGFP-S4 can be applied to detect aberrant ER redox states associated with various pathological conditions and to identify the mechanisms used to maintain the redox state of the ER.
White matter abnormalities in depression: A categorical and phenotypic diffusion MRI study (2019)

Mood depressive disorder is one of the most disabling chronic diseases with a high rate of everyday life disability that affects 350 million people around the world. Recent advances in neuroimaging have reported widespread structural abnormalities, suggesting a dysfunctional frontal-limbic circuit involved in the pathophysiological mechanisms of depression. However, a variety of different white matter regions has been implicated and is sought to suffer from lack of reproducibility of such categorical-based biomarkers. These inconsistent results might be attributed to various factors: actual categorical definition of depression as well as clinical phenotype variability. In this study, we 1/ examined WM changes in a large cohort (114 patients) compared to a healthy control group and 2/ sought to identify specific WM alterations in relation to specific depressive phenotypes such as anhedonia (i.e. lack of pleasure), anxiety and psychomotor retardation -three core symptoms involved in depression. Consistent with previous studies, reduced white matter was observed in the genu of the corpus callosum extending to the inferior fasciculus and posterior thalamic radiation, confirming a frontal-limbic circuit abnormality. Our analysis also reported other patterns of increased fractional anisotropy and axial diffusivity as well as decreased apparent diffusion coefficient and radial diffusivity in the splenium of the corpus callosum and posterior limb of the internal capsule. Moreover, a positive correlation between FA and anhedonia was found in the superior longitudinal fasciculus as well as a negative correlation in the cingulum. Then, the analysis of the anxiety and diffusion metric revealed that increased anxiety was associated with greater FA values in genu and splenium of corpus callosum, anterior corona radiata and posterior thalamic radiation. Finally, the motor retardation analysis showed a correlation between increased Widlöcher depressive retardation scale scores and reduced FA in the body and genu of the corpus callosum, fornix, and superior striatum. Through this twofold approach (categorical and phenotypic), this study has underlined the need to move forward to a symptom-based research area of biomarkers, which help to understand the pathophysiology of mood depressive disorders and to stratify precise phenotypes of depression with targeted therapeutic strategies.
Titanium sulfide thin films from the aerosol-assisted chemical vapour deposition of [Ti(SBut)4] (2004)

Gold, reflective TiS2 films have been produced from the single-source precursor [Ti(SBut)4] by aerosol-assisted chemical vapour deposition on glass. Films were deposited between 150 and 300 °C using hexanes, dichloromethane or toluene solvent. The titanium sulfide films were analysed by Raman, UV-Vis spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray powder diffraction, energy dispersive analysis of X-rays (EDAX) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS).
A Real Time Ball Detection Framework For Soccer Video (2009)

Despite a lot of research efforts, it is still challenging to detect the ball in soccer video, especially in long shot frames. In this paper, we propose a novel real time ball detection framework for broadcast soccer video in long shot frames. Firstly each frame of the video is preprocessed to remove the regions outside ground field and build a saliency binary map. Then, the ball candidates are detected and examined by a rule-based algorithm proposed in this paper. At last, making use of Kalman filter as an effective supplement, the ball location is decided. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed framework is quite effective to recognize the ball.
Immunohistological comparison of granulated cell proteins in induced immediate urticarial dermographism and delayed pressure urticaria lesions (1995)

Urticarial dermographism and delayed pressure urticaria are two forms of physical urticaria which are well defined clinically and histologically. Previous studies have shown eosinophil granule protein deposition in urticarial reactions, including chronic urticaria, solar urticaria and delayed pressure urticaria. To evaluate and compare the involvement of granulated inflammatory cells in urticarial dermographism and delayed pressure urticaria, we studied sequential biopsies of induced lesions of urticarial dermographism and delayed pressure urticaria by indirect immunofluorescence, to detect eosinophil granule major basic protein (MBP) and neutrophil granule elastase. Biopsies from dermographic lesions at time 0, 5 min, 15 min, 2 h and 24 h, showed few infiltrating eosinophils, with minimal extracellular MBP deposition, and a few infiltrating neutrophils, with minimal neutrophil elastase deposition, throughout the evolution of the lesions. Sequential biopsies of delayed pressure urticaria at time 0, 20 min, 6, 12 and 24 h, showed eosinophil infiltration with extensive MBP deposition beginning at 20 min, and neutrophil infiltration with variable elastase deposition beginning at 20 min. Control tissue specimens from normal volunteers showed neutrophil infiltration and slight degranulation, but no eosinophil infiltration or degranulation. Comparison of urticarial dermographism with delayed pressure urticaria showed marked differences in the patterns of infiltration. Delayed pressure urticaria, with eosinophil and neutrophil degranulation, was strikingly similar to the IgE-mediated late phase reaction. In contrast, eosinophil and neutrophil involvement in urticarial dermographism was minimal. Considering the extent of eosinophil granule protein deposition and the biological activities of the eosinophil granule proteins, the findings in delayed pressure urticaria point to an important pathophysiological role of eosinophils in the disease.
On the robustness of ultra-high voltage 4H-SiC IGBTs with an optimized retrograde p-well (2019)

The robustness of ultra-high voltage (>10kV) SiC IGBTs comprising of an optimized retrograde p-well is investigated. Under extensive TCAD simulations, we show that in addition to offering a robust control on threshold voltage and eliminating punch-through, the retrograde is highly effective in terms of reducing the stress on the gate oxide of ultra-high voltage SiC IGBTs. We show that a 10 kV SiC IGBT comprising of the retrograde p-well exhibits a much-reduced peak electric field in the gate oxide when compared with the counterpart comprising of a conventional p-well. Using an optimized retrograde p-well with depth as shallow as 1 μm, the peak electric field in the gate oxide of a 10kV rated SiC IGBT can be reduced to below 2 MV.cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-1</sup> , a prerequisite to achieve a high-degree of reliability in high-voltage power devices. We therefore propose that the retrograde p-well is highly promising for the development of>10kV SiC IGBTs.
Frontispiece: Alloying Behavior of Self‐Assembled Noble Metal Nanoparticles (2016)

Noble Metal Alloys The combination of STEM EDX, XRD, and EXAFS data analysis drew a coherent picture of the characteristic alloying behavior of various bimetallic nanostructured aerogels with an atomic ratio of 1 : 1, which were synthesized by a two-step gelation process at low temperature. Elemental mapping revealed that only the Au–Ag system exhibits a complete alloy formation in the as-synthesized state. Unlike Au–Ag, Pt–Pd aerogels formed an unexpected Pd-based network with embedded Pt particles. The assembly of Au and Pd nanoparticles even resulted in an unforeseen Pd-shell formation around the Au particles. For more information see the Communication by A. Eychmüller et al. on page 13446 ff.
Preparation, Thermal Behaviour and Solid-state Structures of Inclusion Complexes of Permethylated-β-cyclodextrin with the Garlic-derived Antithrombotics (E)- and (Z)-Ajoene (2004)

The E and Z isomers of the antithrombotic ajoene (4,5,9-trithiadodeca-1,6,11-triene 9-oxide), components of garlic (Allium Sativa, L.), were complexed with heptakis(2,3,6-tri-O-methyl)-β-cyclodextrin (TRIMEB) to yield solid inclusion compounds with the compositions TRIMEB·(E)-ajoene·0.5H2O (1) and TRIMEB·(Z)-ajoene (2). These species were investigated by thermal analysis techniques (HSM, TGA, DSC), powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) and single-crystal X-ray diffraction at 173 K. Thermal analysis of 1 revealed dehydration followed by melting at 143.8°C, and only melting at 140.5°C for 2. The complexes yielded different PXRD traces, indicating crystallization in different arrangements. Single-crystal X-ray methods revealed the space groups P21 (1) and P212121 (2) and the simultaneous presence of the guest stereoisomers in both complexes. Refinement of guest site-occupancies showed that each complex crystal consists of a mixture of diastereomers in 1:1 molar ratio. The different crystal packing arrangements for 1 and 2 are induced by the distinctly different modes of inclusion of the E and Z isomers.
Screening of Wheat Genotypes with High Phosphorus Efficiency under Low Phosphorus Stress (2007)

To get useful materials for high P efficient breeding,58 wheat cultivars were investigated for their phosphorus efficiency and stability in two years under low phosphorus stress.Phosphorus efficiency was measured by low P endurance and variety adaptability.According to the index of the low P endurance,three cultivars of Neixiang 188,Xumai 25,Xinnong 979 with high endurance of low P were selected.According to the integrated index of the low P endurance and variety adaptability,four cultivars with high phosphorus efficiency were selected and were Xumai 270,Xumai 856,Xumai3-54,Xiaoyan54.The analysis on P efficiency showed that 66.67% of genotypes showed stable P efficiency in two years.For evaluating P efficient germplasm exactly,it was necessary to do the experiments for several years.
Pinching of alkoxide jets—a route for preparing nanometre level sharp oxide fibres (2007)

The pinching phenomenon is used to shape jets of Sn(OBu)4 based viscous oligomeric melts into nanometre range sharp oxide needles. The influence of viscosity of the liquid, humidity of surrounding environment and pulling speed on formation of the needles is investigated. Optimal conditions enable reproducible preparation of needles that have tip radii down to 15–25 nm, i.e. in the range that is of considerable interest for many nanotechnological applications.
Metal-Catalyzed Direct Hydroxy-Epoxidation of Olefins (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleMetal-Catalyzed Direct Hydroxy-Epoxidation of OlefinsWaldemar Adam and Markus J. RichterCite this: Acc. Chem. Res. 1994, 27, 2, 57–62Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ar00038a004https://doi.org/10.1021/ar00038a004research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views473Altmetric-Citations53LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Divergence correction associated with implant placement: a radiographic study. (2010)

Placement of dental implants, even without the use of a surgical guide, can result in adequate dental implant angular relationships. An implant's location (arch, side, or site) and the presence of adjacent teeth might affect these relationships.
An NMR Study of the Interaction of Cardiotoxin gamma from Naja nigricollis with Perdeuterated Dodecylphosphocholine Micelles (1995)

We investigated the interaction of toxin γ, a cardiotoxin from the venom of the elapid Naja nigricollis, with perdeuterated dodecylphosphocholine (DodPCho) micelles using standard two-dimensional proton NMR spectroscopy. The proton spectrum resonances of the micelle-bound toxin γ were assigned, and the chemical shifts of the backbone and side-chain protons were compared with those determined in the absence of DodPCho. We observed that DodPCho induced large chemical shift changes on residues localized on the hydrophobic face of the toxin. These changes are not associated with conformational changes of the toxin. However, the micellar environment may induce some stabilization of the triple-stranded β sheet, the major component of the protein structural core. Since the proton NMR spectrum of toxin α, a structurally related neurotoxin extracted from the same venom, was unaffected by the presence of the micelles, we came to the conclusion that the observed effects are specific to cardiotoxins. The present results give direct evidence of the contibution of the hydrophobic face of the toxin to the toxic site and further suggest a possible mechanism of action of eardiotoxin on biological bilayers.