gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Epitaxial Lift-Off of Single-Junction GaAs Solar Cell Grown via Hydride Vapor Phase Epitaxy (2020)

Hydride vapor phase epitaxy (HVPE) is attracting attention as a technique for fabricating low-cost III-V solar cells (SCs). To further reduce the manufacturing cost, the substrate must be reused via epitaxial lift-off (ELO) with AlAs as the release layer. However, there is a technical issue in growing Al containing materials because aluminum monochlorides react with the HVPE reactor. Here, we demonstrate the growth of AlAs via HVPE using aluminum trichlorides generated by the reaction between Al metal and HCl gas at a temperature of <; 500 °C. Furthermore, we present the performance of HVPE-grown GaAs SC after ELO process.
AUTODEPTH: Single Image Depth Map Estimation via Residual CNN Encoder-Decoder and Stacked Hourglass (2019)

We address the task of estimating depth from a single intensity image via a novel convolutional neural network (CNN) encoder-decoder architecture, which learns the depth information using example pairs of color images and their corresponding depth maps. The proposed model integrates residual connections within pooling and up-sampling layers, and hourglass networks which operate on the encoded features, thus processing these at various scales. Furthermore, the model is optimized under the constraints of perceptual as well as the mean squared error loss. The perceptual loss considers the high-level features, thus operating at a different scale of abstraction, which is complementary to the mean squared error loss. The improvements in qualitative and quantitative comparisons with state-of-the-art approaches demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach, even in presence of noise.
Developmental changes in rat surfactant lipidomics in the context of species variability (2007)

Lung surfactant comprises mainly phosphatidylcholine (PC) species together with phosphatidylglycerols and surfactant proteins (SP) SP-A to -D. Changes in the concentrations of its principal components dipalmitoyl-PC, palmitoylmyristoyl-PC, palmitoylpalmitoleoyl-PC relative to developmental, structural and physiological differences are only partially understood. Particularly, their attribution to differences in air-liquid interface curvature, compared with dynamic parameters, such as respiratory rate, are controversial. We postulated that during alveolarization the changes in these principal PC components of surfactant differ from those in other phospholipid parameters, and that across endothermic vertebrates their concentrations are related to lung physiology rather than structure. We therefore investigated in rats from postnatal day (d)1 to d42 the pattern of surfactant phospholipids relative to alveolarization (d4-d14), and we discuss these changes in terms of molecular adaptation to pulmonary structure or physiology. Contrary to mammals with advanced alveolarization and increased respiratory rate (RR) at term, concentrations of dipalmitoyl-PC (49-52%) and palmitoylmyristoyl-PC (7-9%) in lung lavage fluid were identical at d1 and d42. At d7-d14, when in rats RR is increased, palmitoyl-myristoyl-PC transiently increased by 2.5- to 3.9-fold at the expense of dipalmitoyl-PC (-32% to 34%) and palmitoyl-palmitoleoyl-PC (-16%). Other lipidomic changes followed essentially different patterns of increase or decrease. Palmitoyl-myristoyl-PC was increased in large aggregates suggesting that it is an integral component of active surfactant. In the overall context of vertebrates, irrespective of age and lung structure, fractions of palmitoyl-myristoyl-PC, dipalmitoyl-PC and palmitoyl-palmitoleoyl-PC correlate with differences in RR rather than alveolar curvature. In adult mammals, however, only concentrations of palmitoyl-palmitoleoyl-PC correlate with RR.
Scalable flow-based networking with DIFANE (2010)

Ideally, enterprise administrators could specify fine-grain policies that drive how the underlying switches forward, drop, and measure traffic. However, existing techniques for flow-based networking rely too heavily on centralized controller software that installs rules reactively, based on the first packet of each flow. In this paper, we propose DIFANE, a scalable and efficient solution that keeps all traffic in the data plane by selectively directing packets through intermediate switches that store the necessary rules. DIFANE relegates the controller to the simpler task of partitioning these rules over the switches. DIFANE can be readily implemented with commodity switch hardware, since all data-plane functions can be expressed in terms of wildcard rules that perform simple actions on matching packets. Experiments with our prototype on Click-based OpenFlow switches show that DIFANE scales to larger networks with richer policies.
Introducing neat fullerenes to improve the thermal stability of slot-die coated organic solar cells (2022)

Improved the thermal stability of PPDT2FBT:PC 61 BM organic solar cells fabricated via slot-die coating. This was achieved with the addition of neat fullerene C 70 to reduce the burn-in degradation associated with crystal growth of PCBM.
Two-Photon Intravital Multicolour Imaging to Study Metastatic Behaviour of Cancer Cells In Vivo (2011)

In the last decade, intravital microscopy on breast tumours in mice at single-cell resolution has resulted in important new insight into mechanisms of metastatic behaviour such as migration, invasion, and intravasation of tumour cells; angiogenesis; and the response of immune cells. This chapter describes the methods that can be used for analysing tumour cell motility in a mouse model of breast cancer metastasis. It includes protocols for generation of a labelled primary tumour, its imaging with two-photon microscopy, and the processing of time-lapse image data. Furthermore, we present a methodology, recently developed in our laboratory that combines multicolour imaging with an inducible cell model to study the role of a specific gene of interest in tumour cell motility in vivo. This protocol can be used to image the metastatic behaviour of different individual tumour cells within the same tumour microenvironment and correlate it with metastasis formation. Additional protocols for labelling macrophages to visualise blood flow and image analysis are also included.
Opposing actions of transforming growth factor-beta and glucocorticoids in the regulation of fibronectin expression in the human placenta. (1995)

Alterations in the expression of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins in the placenta and fetal membranes have been linked to parturition whether occurring before or at term. In the present study, we examined the individual and combined effects of transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta and dexamethasone (DEX) on the expression of oncofetal fibronectin (onfFN), i.e. a major ECM protein synthesized by placenta, in cytotrophoblasts isolated from human term placentas to establish a model system from which to evaluate the actions of positive and negative regulators of ECM protein expression in the human placenta. Cytotrophoblasts were maintained for 21=62 h in medium supplemented with 4% charcoal-stripped calf serum in the presence or absence of TGF-beta (2 ng/mL) and DEX (10(-7) mol/L). Levels of onfFN in culture media were determined by immunoassay. TGF-beta treatment alone induced approximately a 150% increase in media levels of onfFN after 21 and 45 h of culture when compared with control, whereas DEX treatment alone reduced levels of onfFN to 15% of control levels. Media levels of onfFN in cells treated with both TGF-beta and DEX were 40-90% of control levels. Similarly, treatment of cells with TGF-beta alone promoted a 100-250% increase in rates of FN synthesis and levels of FN messenger ribonucleic acid, whereas DEX treatment alone reduced these indices of FN expression to approximately 10% of control levels. In cells treated with TGF-beta and DEX, levels of ECM protein synthesis and FN messenger ribonucleic acid were between 30 and 100% of control values. Similar patterns of regulation of FN expression by TGF-beta and DEX were observed when experiments were carried out in serum-free medium. Our results suggest that during pregnancy, TGF-beta and glucocorticoids may be important opposing physiological regulators of placental ECM protein expression.
Equilibrium Gas-Phase Compositions and Carbon Deposition Boundaries in the CHO-Inert System (1978)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTEquilibrium Gas-Phase Compositions and Carbon Deposition Boundaries in the CHO-Inert SystemShantilal Mohnot and B. G. KyleCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. Process Des. Dev. 1978, 17, 3, 270–272Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1978Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1978https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/i260067a011https://doi.org/10.1021/i260067a011research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views139Altmetric-Citations11LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Anisotropic determination and correction for ultrasonic flaw detection by spectral analysis (2023)

The anisotropic nature of a material is determined by measuring the velocity of an ultrasonic longitudinal wave and a pair of perpendicular ultrasonic shear waves through a sample of the material each at a plurality of different angles in three planes orthogonal to each other. The determined anisotropic nature is used as a correction factor in a spectral analyzing system of flaw determination.
Haemolytic disease of the newborn and chronic anaemia induced by gamma beta thalassaemia in a Dutch family. (1981)

Severe haemolytic anaemia with hyperbilirubinaemia and erythroblastaemia was observed in nine newborn infants belonging to one large family. One infant was still-born, two died shortly after birth, five recorded after receiving one or more exchange transfusions and one improved without transfusional therapy. In four out of six newborns whose bilirubin levels were determined, a mixed hyperbilirubinaemia was found with high concentrations of both free and conjugated bilirubin. At the end of the first year of life the surviving children, although in satisfactory general condition, showed a mild microcytic hypochromic anaemia with decreased red cell osmotic fragility and morphological abnormalities of the erythrocytes consisting of microcytosis, anisopoikilocytosis and target cells. The serum iron levels were normal. The same haematological picture was also present in those parents of the affected children that are members of this family; these adult had normal levels of Hbs A2 and F. Incorporation of [3H]leucine into the globin chains of two adults with this syndrome revealed a reduced beta-chain synthesis (beta/alpha ratio of 0 . 49 and 0 . 53, respectively). In the two infants available for this investigation, reduced gamma-chain production was found shortly after birth. In parallel with the switch from fetal to adult haemoglobin, the deficient gamma-chain production was replaced by a similar reduction of beta-chain synthesis. These results suggested, therefore, a combined deficiency of gamma- and beta-chain production. The normal levels of Hb A2 were compatible with a defective delta-chain synthesis as well. Analysis with restriction enzymes had shown previously a large deletion, comprising gamma and delta genes, in one of the chromosomes of the affected individuals. The same procedure had established that, in spite of the defective beta-chain production, the beta-globin structural gene is intact.
Preparation of 3-amino-4-(hydroxymethyl)azetidin-2-ones from the reaction of glycine enolates with imines of a glycoaldehyde (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPreparation of 3-amino-4-(hydroxymethyl)azetidin-2-ones from the reaction of glycine enolates with imines of a glycoaldehydeMark J. Brown and Larry E. OvermanCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1991, 56, 5, 1933–1936Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1991https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00005a048https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00005a048research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views141Altmetric-Citations28LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Laser surface melting of stainless steel anodes for reduced hydrogen outgassing (2016)

High Pulsed Power Electromagnetic (HPEM) devices are used in numerous applications including vacuum electronics, particle accelerators, and microwave generators. Stable, long term HPEM device operation is presently constrained by pulse shortening due to plasma formation in the anode-cathode gap region. Plasma is formed through collisions between secondary electrons and gas molecules, both of which are produced by high energy electron impact at the anode; hydrogen is the most abundant species desorbed from metal surfaces by high energy electron impact. The purpose of the work described here was to determine the feasibility of using anodes of 304 stainless steel (SS), processed by laser surface melting (LSM), to reduce hydrogen outgassing. The LSM technique entails irradiating a sample with the output of a high energy, continuous laser beam, thereby causing melting, flow and re-solidification of the material as the laser beam is scanned across the anode surface. When compared to more conventional processing techniques, such as electropolishing, LSM processing introduces significantly fewer contaminants (especially hydrogen) into the anode surface and has the potential to reduce outgassing by decreasing the number of grain boundaries through which hydrogen can diffuse.
Establishment and Single Laboratory Validation for Quantitative Determination of Tamarind Seed Polysaccharide by Iodine Staining (2017)

Tamarind seed polysaccharide (TSP) belongs to the galactoxyloglucan family and is used as a thickener or stabilizer in the food industry. To establish a quantitative method for TSP, the iodine-staining method was implemented and validated using various marketed TSP products in terms of selectivity, linearity, range, trueness, precision, and uncertainty. Good linearity was confirmed for the TSP reference standard (RS) over the concentration range of 5 – 449 µg/g. The tested method yielded good recovery from the spiked test (99 – 107%) and precision using RS and various marketed TSP products (repeatability precision (RSDr): 1.0 – 1.9%, intermediate precision (RSDi): 1.5 – 3.5%), suggesting the validity of the quantitative method. The quantitative method was applicable to currently marketed TSP products. We conclude that this method is a simple and practical method with high trueness and precision for the determination of TSP concentration to certify marketed TSP products as food additives.
Capillary Electrophoresis (1988)

Electrophoretic separations carried out in capillary tubes offer the possibilities of rapid and automated analyses of small volumes of complex mixtures with unprecedented resolution and sensitivity. Some emerging developments of this new instrumentation are reviewed.
Fabrication of Controllable Ultrathin Hollow Shells by Layer-by-Layer Assembly of Exfoliated Titania Nanosheets on Polymer Templates (2002)

Core−shell composites and titania hollow shells have been fabricated via the layer-by-layer self-assembly approach using exfoliated unilamellar titania nanosheets Ti1-δO24δ- (δ ∼ 0.09) as inorganic shell building blocks. Polystyrene and poly(methyl methacrylate) spheres with different diameters were employed as colloidal templates, and polyethylenimine was utilized to modify the surface charge of polymers. The ultrathin nature (0.75 nm) of two-dimensional nanosheets enabled tailoring the shell thickness in a nanometer-scale range by varying the coating cycles. SEM revealed the evolution of shell structures on templating cores. An X-ray diffraction peak with a periodicity of ca. 1.6 nm and its enhancement with increasing coating cycles indicated the regular growth of the shell of nanostructured Ti1-δO24δ-/PEI repeating pairs. Calcination at 500 °C or UV-irradiation of the core−shell composites removed the polymer cores, yielding titania hollow shells. They are characterized by their smooth curvature and extremely small thickness (as small as 5 nm). The titania hollow shells exhibited various optical properties, depending on the treatments.
Global stabilization of a Korteweg-de Vries equation with a distributed control saturated in L2-norm (2016)

This article deals with the design of saturated controls in the context of partial differential equations. It is focused on a Korteweg-de Vries equation, which is a nonlinear mathematical model of waves on shallow water surfaces. The aim of this article is to study the influence of a saturating in L2-norm distributed control on the well-posedness and the stability of this equation. The well-posedness is proven applying a Banach fixed point theorem. The proof of the asymptotic stability of the closed-loop system is tackled with a Lyapunov function together with a sector condition describing the saturating input. Some numerical simulations illustrate the stability of the closed-loop nonlinear partial differential equation.
Computational Modeling of Tip Heat Transfer to a Superscale Model of an Unshrouded Gas Turbine Blade (2010)

Control of over-tip leakage flow between turbine blade tips and the stationary shroud is one of the major challenges facing gas turbine designers today. The flow imposes large thermal loads on unshrouded high pressure (HP) turbine blades and is significantly detrimental to turbine blade life. This paper presents results from a computational study performed to investigate the detailed blade tip heat transfer on a sharp-edged, flat tip HP turbine blade. The tip gap is engine representative at 1.5% of the blade chord. Nusselt number distributions on the blade tip surface have been obtained from steady flow simulations and are compared with experimental data carried out in a superscale cascade, which allows detailed flow and heat transfer measurements in stationary and engine representative conditions. Fully structured, multiblock hexahedral meshes were used in the simulations performed in the commercial solver FLUENT. Seven industry-standard turbulence models and a number of different tip gridding strategies are compared, varying in complexity from the one-equation Spalart–Allmaras model to a seven-equation Reynolds stress model. Of the turbulence models examined, the standard k-ω model gave the closest agreement to the experimental data. The discrepancy in Nusselt number observed was just 5%. However, the size of the separation on the pressure side rim was underpredicted, causing the position of reattachment to occur too close to the edge. Other turbulence models tested typically underpredicted Nusselt numbers by around 35%, although locating the position of peak heat flux correctly. The effect of the blade to casing motion was also simulated successfully, qualitatively producing the same changes in secondary flow features as were previously observed experimentally, with associated changes in heat transfer with the blade tip.
Stereo rectification of calibrated image pairs based on geometric transformation (2011)

The objective of stereo rectification is to make the corresponding epipolar lines of image pairs be parallel to the horizontal direction, so that the efficiency of stereo matching is improved as the corresponding points stay in the same horizontal lines of both images. In this papera simple and convenient rectification method of calibrated image pairs based on geometric transformation is proposed, which can avoid the complicated calculation of many previous algorithms such as based on epipolar lines, based on fundamental matrix or directly depend on corresponding points. This method is divided into two steps including coordinate system transformation and re-projection of image points. Firstly, we establish two virtual cameras with parallel optical axis by coordinate system transformation based on the pose relationship of the two cameras from calibration result. Secondly, we re-project the points of the original image onto new image planes of the virtual cameras through geometrical method, and then realized the stereo rectification. Experiments of real stereo image pairs show that the proposed method is able to realize the rectification of stereo image pairs accurately and efficiently.
Trekking through Siberia (2014)

Main memories are becoming sufficiently large that most OLTP databases can be stored entirely in main memory, but this may not be the best solution. OLTP workloads typically exhibit skewed access patterns where some records are hot (frequently accessed) but many records are cold (infrequently or never accessed). It is still more economical to store the coldest records on secondary storage such as flash. This paper introduces Siberia, a framework for managing cold data in the Microsoft Hekaton main-memory database engine. We discuss how to migrate cold data to secondary storage while providing an interface to the user to manipulate both hot and cold data that hides the actual data location. We describe how queries of different isolation levels can read and modify data stored in both hot and cold stores without restriction while minimizing number of accesses to cold storage. We also show how records can be migrated between hot and cold stores while the DBMS is online and active. Experiments reveal that for cold data access rates appropriate for main-memory optimized databases, we incur an acceptable 7-14% throughput loss.