gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cycling performance of the iron-chromium redox energy storage system (1985)

Extended charge-discharge cycling of this electrochemical storage system at 65 C was performed on 14.5 sq cm single cells and a four cell, 867 sq cm bipolar stack. Both the anolyte and catholyte reactant fluids contained 1 molar concentrations of iron and chromium chlorides in hydrochloric acid and were separated by a low-selectivity, cation-exchange membrane. The effect of cycling on the chromium electrode and the cation-exchange membrane was determined. Bismuth and bismuth-lead catalyzed chromium electrodes and a radiation-grafted polyethylene membrane were evaluated by cycling between 5 and 85 percent state-of-charge at 80 mA/sq cm and by periodic charge-discharge polarization measurements to 140 mA/sq cm. Gradual performance losses were observed during cycling but were recoverable by completely discharging the system. Good scale-up to the 867 sq cm stack was achieved. The only difference appeared to be an unexplained resistive-type loss which resulted in a 75 percent W-hr efficiency (at 80 mA/sq cm versus 81 percent for the 14.5 sq cm cell). A new rebalance cell was developed to maintain reactant ionic balance. The cell successfully reduced ferric ions in the iron reactant stream to ferrous ions while chloride ions were oxidized to chlorine gas.
0408 A Narcolepsy Detection Paradigm: Automated Nocturnal Detection and Notification of Sleep Onset Rapid Eye Movement Periods (2022)

Abstract Introduction Rapid eye movement (REM) sleep detected by polysomnography (PSG) occurring within 15 minutes of nocturnal sleep (sleep onset REM period; SOREMP) is a known biomarker for hypocretin-deficient narcolepsy. However, the SOREMP is often underappreciated when observed in patients undergoing routine diagnostic sleep testing, evidenced by the paucity of further evaluation for hypersomnia in these individuals. To enhance identification of SOREMP episodes, we developed an automated process to detect and advise sleep clinicians of sleep onset REMs. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of automated SOREMP notification on clinician recommendations for narcolepsy diagnostic evaluation and multiple sleep latency test (MSLT) outcomes. Methods The automated SOREMP notification program was offered to all sleep clinicians within a large multicenter sleep clinic network. De-identified sleep studies were uploaded to a secure data cloud for real-time automated SOREMP detection. Algorithmic-determined SOREMPs underwent human adjudication by a team of expert registered sleep scorers. Clinicians were advised of the presence of SOREMPs within the interpretation platform via a visual banner. Clinician recommendations and future testing (including MSLTs) were naturalistically tracked. Results Of 17,447 sleep studies processed over 3 years, 145 exhibited a SOREMP (0.8%). Five studies were excluded from primary analyses because of a prescheduled MSLT (n=2 narcolepsy; n=2 idiopathic hypersomnia; n=1 “normal”). Of the remaining 140 patients, 19 (14%) were recommended for further narcolepsy evaluation/MSLT; to date, 4 patients have had an MSLT (n=3 narcolepsy; n=1 “normal”). Excluding the PSG SOREMP, MSLT outcomes were #1: 2 SOREMPs and MSL=4.7 min; #2: 3 SOREMPs and MSL=3.0 min; #3: 5 SOREMPs and MSL=4.6 min; #4: 0 SOREMPs and MSL=11.7 min. Conclusion This study implemented enhanced identification and subsequent clinician notification of nocturnal SOREMPs using a novel sensitive SOREMP detection paradigm. This methodology resulted in recommendation of 19 patients, who otherwise may have gone undetected, for further narcolepsy evaluation. When conducted, MSLTs most often supported a narcolepsy diagnosis. This is a call to action for medical providers to critically evaluate patients who exhibit a PSG SOREMP, as it may provide a unique opportunity to identify and treat narcolepsy. Further research is needed to better understand the low referral rate. Support (If Any) Jazz Pharmaceuticals.
ULTRASTRUCTURE OF CHLOROPLASTS AND CHROMOPLASTS IN CAPSICUM ANNUUM I. THYLAKOID MEMBRANE CHANGES DURING FRUIT RIPENING (1968)

Developing chromoplasts in the fruit of Capsicum annuum were examined by electron microscopy. Special attention was given to changes in the thylakoid system. All grana and some intergranal thylakoids in the mature chromoplasts of the seven cultivars studied underwent lysis. The particulate nature of the granal membranes disappeared during lysis before the relationship between the partitions and locules was obscured. The changes during lysis support the globular concept of membrane structure. The selective lysis of the synaptic membranes of the granal partitions may be attributed to their distinctive composition and structure. Lipid globules (osmio‐philic) did not accumulate in the immediate region of granal lysis, indicating that they are not directly derived from membranes undergoing degradation. During and following granal lysis a profuse development of intergranal thylakoid membranes occurred in several cultivars. In some instances a thylakoid plexus (prolamellar body) was formed. This specialized structure of the thylakoid system occurs in the chromoplasts of other species as well as in other types of plastids. Extensive, concentrically arranged thylakoid sheets with specific interspaced membrane relationships were frequently associated with the plexus. Several types of membrane associations and interrelationships in the plastid are described. An analysis of one type of membrane configuration, the thylakoid sheets, indicated that one method of growth may be through intussusception into the original membrane. The development of thylakoid plexes and of extensive thylakoid sheets during or after granal lysis indicates that dynamic synthetic activities occur in the chromoplasts of some cultivars of pepper during fruit ripening.
Electrochemical treatment of wastewater (1992)

Electrochem. oxidn. of org. compds. in industrial wastewaters preceding or following a biol. treatment is described. Definitions of parameters are given, including various parameters influencing the efficiency of electrochem. oxidn. of org. compds. (IOE). Results for various monosubstituted benzene derivs. (R = NH2, OH, COO-, and NO2) revealed a decreasing IOE in the above substituent series of increasing electron acceptor potential. Furthermore, the influence of product concn. (i.e. phenol as model substance), electrode compn., pH, and c.d. on IOE was detd. Std. electrodes (i.e. Pt, RuO2, IrO2, and PbO2) yielded .apprx.30% of the IOE of Ti/SnO2 electrodes. Practical examples from industrial wastewater treatment and electrochem. reactors as well as an economical anal. are presented. [on SciFinder (R)]
Nurses, pagers, and patient-specific criteria: three keys to improved critical value reporting. (1995)

At LDS Hospital, we have developed and evaluated a computerized critical value reporting system based on digital pagers. Criteria used to identify critical values are patient-specific. An evaluation of the system was conducted from October 23, 1993 to January 21, 1994. Results showed that 100% of all critical values (497 values in the form of 335 alerts) were reported to clinicians within an average of 38.6 minutes, and that 51% of all alerts were received within 12 minutes. Data also showed that 92% of the alerts were considered valid, that 76% were communicated directly to the primary care nurse, and that 67% of the time nurses were previously unaware of the critical value(s).
Gestión de la integración social de los proyectos universidad-empresa un estudio de caso (2003)

Este proyecto tuvo por objeto conocer como es el proceso de gestion de la integracion social de los proyectos de innovacion Universidad-Empresa en la Universidad del Norte (Barranquilla, Cololmbia). Este es un estudio de caso cualitativo que se basa en la investigacion «Innovacion y optimizacion de los procesos para la produccion de lamina
galvanizada y pintada como pilares para una mayor participacion en los mercados internacionales», proyecto desarrollado entre la Universidad y la empresa Acesco. Las tecnicas e instrumentos utilizados fueron la entrevista semies-truc-turada o enfocada y el grupo focal. Los resultados muestran una integracion estrategica que permite una gestion de la investigacion organizada, planeada, intencionada y concertada con un actor externo especifico, la empresa; en la cual las politicas ins-ti-tucionales y nacionales y la estructura de la universidad hacen posible la transferencia y apropiacion del conocimiento.
Controlled release of medicaments in endodontic therapy (1985)

Abstract It was the purpose of this investigation to study the suitability of a controlled release delivery system for endodontic medicaments, making it possible to maintain a constant concentration of a medicament in the root canal for an extended period of time. The delivery system comprised an inner core matrix containing the medicament surrounded by a polymeric membrane allowing a controlled release of the active ingredient. Controlled release preparations containing formocresol, camphorated paramonochlorphenol, Creation, and a quaternary ammonium compound (dodecyl‐dimethyl‐benzylammonium chloride) were manufactured and applied to root canals of dogs' teeth. In control experiments the same medicaments were applied to root canals by means of cotton pellets. After 1, 3, 7 and 45 clays the pieces of polymeric materials and the cotton pellets were removed from the root canals and tested for antibacterial effect. After 1 d in the root canal none of the medicaments on cotton pellets had an effect. Of the controlled release preparations, the quaternary ammonium compound had a fairly constant effect on bacterial growth for the duration of the experiment (45 d). The results suggested that the idea of improving the effect of endodontic medicaments by means of controlled release delivery systems is valid, and may gain clinical importance in the future.
Mechanical and spectroscopic properties of metal-containing polyimides (1984)

The incorporation of specific metal ions into polyimides is described. Detailed studies have included various compounds of copper, lithium, and palladium as dopants. Addition of the metal during polymerization or after formation of the polyamic acid precedes the thermal imidization step. With many dianhydride-diamine-dopant combinations high quality variously colored films are produced. Many metal doped films exhibit (1) improved high temperature adhesive properties, (2) increased electrical conductivity, (3) excellent thermal stability, (4) improved acid/base resistance, (5) increased modulus in flexible films and (6) excellent high temperature tensile strength. X-ray photo-electron spectroscopic study of these films suggests that many of the additives undergo chemical modification during thermal imidization. Palladium dopants appear to be partially reduced to the metallic state, while lithium and copper dopants are probably converted to their oxides. Ion etching experiments with Auger electron spectroscopy monitoring are discussed.
ChemInform Abstract: Lattice Dynamics and Vibrational Spectra of Polythiophene. Part 1. Oligomers and Polymer (1991)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Mean-field control for energy efficient buildings (2012)

In this paper, we consider the problem of distributed set-point temperature regulation in a large building. With a large number of zones, the problem becomes intractable with standard control approaches due to the large state space dimension of the dynamic model. To mitigate complexity, we develop here a mean-field control approach applicable to large-scale control problems in buildings. The mean-field here represents the net effect of the entire building envelope on any individual zone. Rather than solving the large-scale centralized problem, we explore distributed game-theoretic solution approaches that work by optimizing with respect to the mean-field. The methodology is illustrated with a numerical example in a simulation environment.
An ultra low noise W-band monolithic three-stage amplifier using 0.1- mu m pseudomorphic InGaAs/GaAs HEMT technology (2003)

An ultra-low-noise W-band monolithic three-stage amplifier based on 0.1- mu m pseudomorphic InGaAs/GaAs high electron mobility transistor (HEMT) devices has been developed. This amplifier has a measured noise figure of 3.5 dB with an associated small signal gain of 21 dB at 94 GHz. This is the best reported performance of a monolithic W-band high-gain low-noise amplifier (LNA), significantly improved compared with previous records in terms of noise figure and associated gain. Accurate modeling techniques were essential to the success of this monolithic circuit design, which included active device and full-wave electromagnetic analysis of passive matching structures. The measured results of the W-band three-stage monolithic microwave integrated circuit (MMIC) LNA from 91 to 97 GHz are presented.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
A Far‐Red Emitting Fluorescent Chemogenetic Reporter for In Vivo Molecular Imaging (2020)

Far-red emitting fluorescent labels are highly desirable for spectral multiplexing and deep tissue imaging. Here, we describe the generation of frFAST (far-red Fluorescence Activating and absorption Shifting Tag), a 14-kDa monomeric protein that forms a bright far-red fluorescent assembly with (4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-phenyl)allylidene rhodanine (HPAR-3OM). As HPAR-3OM is essentially non-fluorescent in solution and in cells, frFAST can be imaged with high contrast in presence of free HPAR-3OM, which allowed the rapid and efficient imaging of frFAST fusions in live cells, zebrafish embryo/larvae, and chicken embryos. Beyond enabling the genetic encoding of far-red fluorescence, frFAST allowed the design of a far-red chemogenetic reporter of protein-protein interactions, demonstrating its great potential for the design of innovative far-red emitting biosensors.
Single-chip Dual-Mode Power Amplifier MMIC using GaAs E-pHEMT for WiMAX/WLAN Applications (2007)

A single-chip dual-mode power amplifier monolithic microwave integrated circuit (MMIC) operating at 5 V single supply has been developed for both WLAN 2.45 GHz IEEE 802.11lb/g and WiMAX 3.5 GHz IEEE 802.16d WiMAX standards applications. The PA MMIC utilizes the GaAs E-pHEMT process (enhancement-mode pseudomorphic high electron-mobility transistor) of WINs Corp.. The PldB of dual-mode power amplifier are 30 dBm at 3.5 GHz and 27 dBm at 2.45 GHz. In WiMAX mode, under WiMAX IEEE 802.16-2004 OFDM modulation the EVM(error vector magnitude) is 2.7% at 24.4 dBm Pout with 25.6 dB of gain and over 15% of PAE (power added efficiency). In WLAN IEEE 802.11g mode, under OFDM 64 QAM/54 Mbps modulated signal the PA is 2.5% of EVM at 19 dBm Pout with 21 dB of gain. The dual-mode PA chip is implemented as a two-stage structure integrated with broad-band input-matching and inter-stage matching networks and external dual-band output-matching network.
Repair of UV-Induced DNA Damage and Melanoma Risk (2007)

Melanoma is relatively uncommon compared with nonmelanoma skin cancers, but it causes a vast majority of skin-cancer deaths. Sunlight exposure, particularly intermittent sun exposure early in life, is a well-established risk factor for melanoma. Because only a fraction of those exposed to sunlight ever developed melanoma, genetic susceptibility has long been suspected to be an etiological factor in sunlight-induced melanoma. For example, people who have a strong family history of dysplastic nevus syndrome have an increased risk of melanoma. The extremely high frequency and early onset of melanomas in patients with xeroderma pigmentosum (XP), a rare autosomal-recessive disease of mutated DNA repair genes that confer hypersensitivity to ultraviolet light, suggest that DNA repair is involved in the etiology of melanoma. Until recently, not enough population-based data were available to support the idea that DNA repair plays a role in the etiology of sporadic melanoma, but recent studies suggest that patients with sporadic melanoma, particularly those with sunlight-sensitive skin, have a low DNA repair capacity (DRC). This theory was also supported by studies showing that patients with melanomas on sun-exposed skin had a lower DRC than did patients with melanomas on unexposed skin. Furthermore, studies found that the risk of melanoma increased as DRC decreased. Taken together, these new data suggest that reduced DRC contributes to genetic susceptibility to sunlight-induced sporadic melanoma in the general population. More studies are needed to validate that DRC is a marker for genetic susceptibility to melanoma. With advances in high-throughput technology, individuals at increased risk for melanoma could be screened for functional variants of DNA repair genes, leading to primary prevention of sunlight-induced melanoma in the general population.
Further evidence that hepatic sources confer biliary antibody in the rat. (1992)

The notion that bile-dedicated antibody is made within the liver by migratory antibody-forming cells (AFC) was examined further in rats. Livers from immunized animals were removed to perfusion in isolation so that plasma influences on bile antibody would be obviated. Antibody was secreted for at least 5 hr by the livers of rats that had received intravenous (i.v.) or intra-Peyer's patch (IPP) immunization with horse erythrocytes. After initially declining, the titres stabilized at 5-8% of the starting value for IPP-immunized rats and at 0.8% for i.v.-immunized animals, levels that were then sustained. In other experiments, the biliary antibody output was measured in immunized rats in the period immediately following splenectomy, an expedient that would deny the liver any newly formed AFC. Splenectomy during spleen-based, IgM antibody responses led to bile titres falling, over about 12 hr, to 21% of initial values. This level was then maintained for at least another 12 hr. Serum titres over this period remained static. Lastly, the bile ducts of immunized rats were ligated to test whether locally made antibody that was destined for bile could be forced instead to reflux to blood. Biliary obstruction during IgM responses to horse erythrocytes and pneumococcal polysaccharide, type 3, was found to raise significantly serum antibody titres. For pneumococcal polysaccharide, the serum response was also noticeably prolonged. These findings are consistent with the biliary antibody of immunized rats being constituted, in part, from local sources and not from plasma alone.
Describing realistic states of knowledge with exact probabilities (2016)

Given the locations of N known points, where is an unknown point? We believe that each configuration of N points should be perfectly described by exactly one probability distribution (a "predictive distribution") over the location of an unknown point. Here we introduce this 'N-point problem' in the context of the unified theory of knowledge and reason (information and logic) advocated by Jaynes We designed the N-point problem to be both primitive and realistic. Unlike most work with probabilities, we assume no knowledge (hypothesis or model) of how the points (data) were generated, and therefore this is a problem of inference from data alone. We believe that this simplicity should allow us to derive probabilities that are exact and perfect descriptions of a configuration of N points. We also believe that the configuration of N points is realistic in its relation to physical states of knowledge that actually exist (the locations of N particles, or N data points). In contrast, most or all previous probability distributions have been approximate descriptions of real states of knowledge, or exact descriptions of unrealistic states. We briefly summarize the initial steps that we think will allow for an exact solution to the N-point problem. Finally, we briefly discuss our work in relation to our ultimate interest in the physical basis of information and logic, and its relation to Bayesian theories of brain function.
[Eggs do not increase the risk of cardiovascular disease and can be safely consumed]. (2017)

Eggs are nutrient dense, rich in essential amino- and fatty acids, and the most cholesterol containing food. Based on observational studies the consumption of eggs has since the 1970's been claimed to increase the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Intervention studies on intake of eggs and plasma cholesterol do however not support causality. The higher incidence of CVD in egg eaters is more likely to be caused by the clustering of other CVD risk factors. Up to seven eggs per week can safely be consumed but in patients with CVD or diabetes only with special emphasis on a prudent diet and proper medical treatment.
Effects of age, lipoproteins, and hemostatic parameters on the role of homocyst(e)inemia as a cardiovascular risk factor in men. (1994)

Previous studies have identified moderately elevated plasma concentrations of homocyst(e)ine as an independent risk factor for coronary heart disease (CHD). The atherogenicity of homocyst(e)ine has mostly been attributed to its effects on endothelial cells, platelets, and the hemostatic system. In this case-control study of 199 male CHD patients and 156 age-matched control subjects, we analyzed the role of homocyst(e)ine as a cardiovascular risk marker in the context of traditional risk factors as well as of plasma fibrinogen, plasminogen, and viscosity. Both univariate and multivariate regression analyses revealed that homocyst(e)ine levels were significantly correlated with age, fibrinogen, and plasma viscosity in both study groups. Geometric mean homocyst(e)ine levels by univariate analysis were significantly higher in patients than in control subjects (8.9 versus 7.8 mumol/L, P < .001). This difference remained significant on multiple logistic function analysis after being adjusted for body mass index, systolic blood pressure, serum cholesterol, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol but not after additional adjustment for fibrinogen. By contrast, geometric mean fibrinogen levels after adjustment for homocyst(e)ine levels were significantly different between patients and control subjects (296.4 versus 230.8 mg/dL, P < .001). Within the group of CHD patients, both fibrinogen and homocyst(e)ine significantly increased in parallel with the number of stenosed coronary vessels. We conclude that hyperhomocyst(e)inemia is an independent coronary risk factor and that its interrelation with fibrinogen levels merits further study.
Photoinduced Dynamics of Azobenzene Dyes in Langmuir Films Investigated by Optical Second Harmonic Generation (2006)

Photoinduced molecular dynamics of a Langmuir film of an azobenzene dye is investigated by means of optical second harmonic generation. The dynamics is induced by turning on and off irradiation with monochromatic light at a wavelength in the dye absorption range. We find different dynamical behaviors depending on the surface pressure of the film. At the lowest pressures, we observe a fully reversible photoinduced dynamics which is most likely related to cis-trans photoisomerization. However, the measured relaxation rate of the dye monolayer on the water surface is somewhat faster than the reported cis-trans rate of the same dye in dilute solutions, probably reflecting the effect of dye-dye or dye-water intermolecular interactions. At the highest pressures, we observe an irreversible or slowly reversible dynamics of still unidentified nature. These results, although still very preliminary, point to a strong influence of the molecular state of aggregation on the photoisomerization processes and possibly also on the related photoinduced reorientation phenomena, in accordance with previous observations on the same dye in Langmuir-Blodgett multilayer films.