gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Secure Cooperative Sensing Techniques for Cognitive Radio Systems (2008)

The most important task for a cognitive radio (CR) system is to identify the primary licensed users over a wide range of spectrum. Cooperation among spectrum sensing devices has been shown to offer various benefits including decrease in sensitivity requirements of the individual sensing devices. However, it has been shown in the literature that the performance of cooperative sensing schemes can be severely degraded due to presence of malicious users sending false sensing data. In this paper, we present techniques to identify such malicious users and mitigate their harmful effect on the performance of the cooperative sensing system.
Reconfigurable Microwave Phase Delay Element for Frequency Reference and Phase-Shifter Applications (2011)

A technique was developed to provide a reconfigurable high-precision micro - wave electrical phase delay for resonators and phase shifters. The invention employs multiple branches of transmission lines with open-ended or ground-ended terminations as configurable bits or digits. This technique minimizes the errors due to limited precision of switching devices. In addition, the proposed linear analytical approach significantly produces a much simpler design than that of other prior inventions at the time of this reporting. Microwave components such as filters, phase delay elements, or resonators require a method that can accurately adjust their frequency responses. Most tuning techniques offer very wide frequency tuning range; however, it is often difficult and expensive to tune their response in a very narrow operating frequency, especially when the tuning element reaches its minimum discrete step due to fabrication tolerances. The problem becomes worse as the operating frequency is in mm-wave frequency range (>26 GHz). The electrical tuning sensitivity of a microwave line is dependent on the position of the tuning element with respect to the reference termination. By placing this tuning element away from this reference with the main transmission line connecting the two elements together the sensitivity of the tuning element can change significantly. This concept can be used in the system that requires multiple tuning sensitivities. In this case, multiple tuning branches are superimposed in the main transmission line. The proposed invention allows the transmission-line electrical length to be accurately programmed using switching elements that have limited accuracy. The invention consists of multiple branches of transmission lines connected to discrete switching devices with open-ended terminations. They are used as discrete tuning elements. These elements are connected to the main microwave transmission line and are separated by a well-defined electrical degree spacing. Each branch is programmed to have different electrical degree sensitivity, such as a combination of discrete steps in each branch, which results in a reflective line with a unique effective phase response. To reduce the number of switching devices, it is desirable to program the devices in binary configuration where each branch represents one bit in the base-2 number system. This invention allows the transmission line electrical length to be tuned precisely with customizable sensitivity based on the known sensitivity of the base tuning circuit. The tuning resolution is dependent on the distance among tuning branches.
A COST-EFFECTIVE APPROACH TO ADAPTING CURRENT-FORCE EQUIPMENT TO VICTORY STANDARD IN-VEHICLE NETWORKS (2016)

&lt;title&gt;ABSTRACT&lt;/title&gt; &lt;p&gt;This paper describes a novel, cost-effective method of adapting existing, non-networked equipment to interoperate with the Vehicular Integration for Command, Control, Communications, and Computers (C4), Intelligence Surveillance and Reconnaissance (ISR) Electronic Warfare (EW) Interoperability (VICTORY) standards. It briefly introduces the VICTORY In-Vehicle Network (IVN) concept, explains why adaptation of existing equipment is necessary, and discusses the different patterns for adapting current-force equipment to VICTORY standards. It introduces a new approach we call the VICTORY Smart Cable, and describes its costs and benefits, including size, weight, and power (SWaP), recurring costs, and flexibility. The conclusion is that the VICTORY Smart Cable is a cost-effective transitional technology that can bridge the gap between several types of current-force, non-networked equipment, and future VICTORY-enabled devices, and that the adaptation does not require modification to existing devices, or to vehicle hardware or software.&lt;/p&gt;
Decoloration of yttrium orthovanadate laser host crystals by annealing (1994)

Decoloration of a Czochralski-grown YVO(4) laser host is studied by evaluation of the optical absorption and the photoluminescence spectrum before and after annealing under various atmospheres. Decoloration of yellow asgrown crystals, as a result of the decrease in the absorption near the absorption edge, occurs independently of the air, N(2), and O(2) annealing atmospheres. The most dramatic decrease in the absorption is seen in N(2). Annealing in N(2) atmosphere is suggested to be effective for obtaining the highly transparent crystals.
Colonic Inflammation in a Samoan Immigrant with Gastric Lymphoma Shown by Positron Emission Tomography (2015)

A 57-year-old Samoan man with large B-cell gastric lymphoma presented with fatigue, anemia, and melena. A positron emission tomography (PET) with 18-fluoro-2-deoxyglucose (FDG) showed no gastric activity but marked hypermetabolic activity in the cecum and ascending colon (Figure 1 ). Corresponding computed tomography (CT) revealed bowel wall thickening, consistent with infectious or inflammatory process. Colonoscopy showed non-specific inflammatory changes. Laboratory work showed leukocytosis (white blood cells = 19.3) and eosinophilia (absolute eosinophil count [AEC] = 9.2). Extensive infectious disease workup was only significant for a positive Strongyloides antibody (3.11; normal < 1.5). He received two doses of ivermectin 2 weeks apart.1 Post-treatment PET/CT showed resolution of FDG uptake and normalization of bowel wall thickness (Figure 2 ). Concurrent laboratory tests confirmed resolution of the infection with negative antibodies (0.35).



Figure 1.

PET/CT 1-10-2013.





Figure 2.

PET/CT 4-05-2013.



S. sterocoralis nematodes typically inhabit the small bowel; therefore, involvement of the cecum and ascending colon in this patient suggests a hyperinfection syndrome. Diagnosis of Strongyloides may be established by detection of larvae in stool or a biopsy or by serology. PET and CT are not typically used for diagnosis. However, this case shows Strongyloides hyperinfection syndrome by PET as an incidental finding and reinforces the need to maintain a high index of suspicion for this infection in immigrants from endemic regions.
Addition of an angiotensin receptor blocker to full-dose ACE-inhibition: controversial or common sense?The opinions expressed in this article are not necessarily those of the Editors of the European Heart Journal or of the European Society of Cardiology. (2005)

Both angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE)-inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) interfere with the activity of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) in a different way. Theoretically, one might expect beneficial effects when they are used in combination, as a more complete suppression of the RAS can be achieved. But can this additional effect still be seen in patients on full-dose ACE-inhibition? Several controlled trials demonstrated that combination therapy can have additional benefits in hypertensive patients, in chronic heart failure patients, and in both diabetic and non-diabetic nephropathy patients. However, the clinical benefit was not always as pronounced as expected and not every patient will benefit from dual blockade of the RAS. There is some evidence of a less pronounced effect of combination therapy when a full dose of the ACE-inhibitor is given. However, it is well known that ACE-inhibitors cannot completely suppress the formation of angiotensin II, in particular, when the RAS is activated. Indeed, clinical trials indicated that add-on therapy with an ARB was especially of use when the RAS remained activated despite full-dose ACE-inhibitor treatment. In summary, combination of a full-dose ACE-inhibitor and an ARB can be a rational choice in selected patients.
Beyond Relational Databases (2005)

The number and variety of computing devices in the environment are increasing rapidly. Real computers are no longer tethered to desktops or locked in server rooms. PDAs, highly mobile tablet and laptop devices, palmtop computers, and mobile telephony handsets now offer powerful platforms for the delivery of new applications and services. These devices are, however, only the tip of the iceberg. Hidden from sight are the many computing and network elements required to support the infrastructure that makes ubiquitous computing possible.
i-Code: Real-Time Malicious Code Identification. (2012)

Advances in technology and a steady orientation of services toward the cloud are becoming increasingly popular with legitimate users and cybercriminals.How frequently is sensitive information leaked to the public?And how easy it is to identify it amongst the tangled maze of legitimate posts that are published daily?This underground bazaar is, after all, under the eyes of everyone.Do we have to worry about it and can we do anything to stop it?
A piezoresistive accelerometer with axially stressed tiny beams for both much increased sensitivity and much broadened frequency bandwidth (2004)

A single-wafer-based piezoresistive accelerometer, consisting of two axially stressed tiny beams and a central bending cantilever, has been proposed for both much improved sensitivity and bandwidth compared with conventional piezoresistive accelerometers. Analytical modeling has been studied for optimized design and scaling rules of the sensors. Finite element method (FEM) simulation results agree well with the analyses. The accelerometers are fabricated in silicon-on-insulator (SOI) wafer by using bulk micromachining techniques including deep-reactive-ionic-etch (DRIE). The formed devices are characterized with typical sensitivity as 106 mv/5v/g and 1/sup st/ mode resonant frequency as 1115 Hz, 10.6 and 2.23 times equivalent to the specifications of a typical conventional cantilever-mass piezoresistive accelerometer.
Cell-based vasculogenic studies in preclinical models of chronic myocardial ischaemia and hibernation (2012)

Approximately one-third of patients with viable myocardium do not undergo revascularisation; however, this population is at high risk for cardiac events and would surely benefit from effective cell-based therapy. Because of the modest benefits in clinical studies, preclinical models accurately representing clinical myocardial ischemia/hibernation are necessary to better understand and appropriately direct regenerative therapy research.
Rare Undiagnosed Primary Amyloidosis Unmasked During Surgical Treatment of Primary Hyperparathyroidism: A Case Report (2018)

Primary amyloidosis (PA) is a protein deposition disorder that presents with localized or multisystemic disease. The incidence is low in the general public, ranging from three to eight cases per million, and with nonspecific presenting symptoms typically occurring later in life. Due to late presentation, substantial and irreversible damage has usually already occurred by the time of the diagnosis. However, if inadvertent diagnosis occurs before irreversible damage has taken place, as it did in the following case, some patients may benefit from the disease-arresting treatment. A 70-year-old female with a history of obstructive sleep apnea, hypertension, and arthritis presented with worsening dysphagia and biochemically confirmed primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT). Further workup demonstrated multinodular goiter with compressive symptoms and substernal extension, osteopenia, and discrepant parathyroid localization on imaging. Intraoperatively, markedly difficult dissection and obliteration of tissue planes were encountered. Extensive, diffuse amyloid deposition in both the normal and pathologic parathyroid glands and thyroid tissue on surgical pathology leads to subsequent fibril typing by mass spectrometry and leads to the diagnostic of primary amyloid light-chain (AL) amyloidosis (PA; <i>λ</i> light chains). Subsequent workup for the underlying cause of the amyloid deposition revealed an immunoglobulin A monoclonal gammopathy of unknown significance. The surgical treatment of PHPT and compressive thyroid nodule unmasked an undiagnosed PA, allowing for early workup and monitoring of the progression of amyloidosis. The temporal comorbidity of PHPT and PA raises an interesting and, as yet, unanswered question regarding the pathophysiologic association between the two conditions.
Associations between TGF‐β1 receptors in human bone marrow stromal cells (1998)

Bone marrow stromal cells are required for sustained haemopoiesis. Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) is a multifunctional cytokine present in the bone marrow microenvironment which regulates the expression of several cytokines, cytokine receptors and cell adhesion elements. The TGF-beta receptors type I and II, and endoglin, mediate TGF-beta1 binding to the membrane of human bone marrow stromal cells. [125I]TGF-beta1-affinity labelling experiments showed that three different anti-endoglin monoclonal antibodies co-immunoprecipitated a 68 kD TGF-beta1-labelled polypeptide together with TGF-beta1/endoglin complexes. Here, we have shown that the 68 kD receptor corresponds to the type I receptor, indicating that endoglin and the type I receptor associate on the membrane of these cells upon ligand binding. The expression of endoglin by stromal cells was found to be up-regulated by TGF-beta1, but not by IL-1beta. The association of endoglin with signalling components of the TGF-beta receptor system on the membrane of bone marrow stromal cells might modulate TGF-beta1 access to the signalling pathways, and therefore it could regulate TGF-beta1-mediated stromal cellular responses.
Spotted fever group rickettsiae or Borrelia burgdorferi in Ixodes cookei (Ixodidae) in Connecticut (1991)

Immatures and females of Ixodes cookei, a hard-bodied tick, were collected from woodchucks and other mammals in the northeastern United States and examined for spotted fever group rickettsiae and Borrelia burgdorferi. Of the 93 nymphs analyzed by a hemolymph test, 4 (4.3%) harbored rickettsiae. Six (15%) of 40 females were also infected. All infected ticks were collected from woodchucks in Connecticut. Indirect fluorescent antibody staining of midgut tissues from 128 nymphs revealed B. burgdorferi in two (1.6%) ticks, whereas larval and female ticks were negative. Further consideration should be given to I. cookei as a possible vector of spotted fever group rickettsiae or spirochetes that cause Lyme borreliosis.
Monocular Model-Based 3D Tracking of Rigid Objects: A Survey (2005)

Many applications require tracking of complex 3D objects.These include visual servoing of robotic arms on specific target objects, Augmented Reality systems that require real-time registration of the object to be augmented, and head tracking systems that sophisticated interfaces can use.Computer Vision offers solutions that are cheap, practical and non-invasive.This survey reviews the different techniques and approaches that have been developed by industry and research.First, important mathematical tools are introduced: Camera representation, robust estimation and uncertainty estimation.Then a comprehensive study is given of the numerous approaches developed by the Augmented Reality and Robotics communities, beginning with those that are based on point or planar fiducial marks and moving on to those that avoid the need to engineer the environment by relying on natural features such as edges, texture or interest.Recent advances that avoid manual initialization and failures due to fast motion are also presented.The survery concludes with the different possible choices that should be made when implementing a 3D tracking system and a discussion of the future of vision-based 3D tracking.Because it encompasses many computer vision techniques from lowlevel vision to 3D geometry and includes a comprehensive study of the massive literature on the subject, this survey should be the handbook of the student, the researcher, or the engineer who wants to implement a 3D tracking system.
Quantum Many-Body Simulation using Cavity Coupled Monolayer Excitons (2016)

We propose an architecture for quantum simulation of strongly interacting bosons using monolayer excitons in MoS$_2$ quantum dots. The strongly coupled monolayer exciton and cavity photon form polaritons between which the interaction reaches $1\sim 10$~meV---more than one order of magnitude higher than the state-of-art value. We discuss Mott transition in a chain of coupled cavities driven by photon blockade and polariton blockade. The cavity system can mimic optical lattices and superlattices in cold atomic systems. Our proposal suggests a promising route toward photonic simulation of strongly correlated quantum states.
Novel Sensor Technology To Assess Independence and Limb-Use Laterality in Cervical Spinal Cord Injury (2016)

After spinal cord injury (SCI), levels of independence are commonly assessed with standardized clinical assessments. However, such tests do not provide information about the actual extent of upper limb activities or the impact on independence of bi- versus unilateral usage throughout daily life following cervical SCI. The objective of this study was to correlate activity intensity and laterality of upper extremity activity measured by body-fixed inertial measurement units (IMUs) with clinical assessment scores of independence. Limb-use intensity and laterality of activities performed by the upper extremities was measured in 12 subjects with cervical SCI using four IMUs (positioned on both wrists, on the chest, and on one wheel of the wheelchair). Algorithms capable of reliably detecting self-propulsion and arm activity in a clinical environment were applied to rate functional outcome levels, and were related to clinical independence measures during inpatient rehabilitation. Measures of intensity of upper extremity activity during self-propulsion positively correlated (p < 0.05, r = 0.643) with independence measures related to mobility. Clinical measures of laterality were positively correlated (p < 0.01, r = 0.900) with laterality as measured by IMUs during "daily life," and increased laterality was negatively correlated (p < 0.01, r = -0.739) with independence. IMU sensor technology is sensitive in assessing and quantifying upper limb-use intensity and laterality in human cervical SCI. Continuous and objective movement data of distinct daily activities (i.e., mobility and day-to-day activities) can be related to levels of independence. Therefore, IMU sensor technology is suitable not only for monitoring activity levels during rehabilitation (including during clinical trials) but could also be used to assess levels of participation after discharge.
High molecular weight poly(l‐lactide) via ring‐opening polymerization with bismuth subsalicylate–The role of cocatalysts (2020)

Abstract The catalytic potential of bismuth subsalicylate (BiSub), a commercial drug, for ring‐opening polymerization of l ‐lactide was explored by variation of cocatalyst and polymerization time. Various monofunctional phenols or carboxylic acids, aromatic ortho‐hydroxy acids, and diphenols were examined as potential cocatalysts. 2,2′‐Dihydroxybiphenyl proved to be the most successful cocatalyst yielding weight average molecular weights (uncorrected M w values up to 185,000) after optimization of reaction time and temperature. Prolonged heating (&gt;1‐2 h) depending on catalyst concentration) caused thermal degradation. In polymerization experiments with various commercial Bi(III) salts a better alternative to BiSub was not found. By means of matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry a couple of unusual and unexpected transesterification reactions were discovered. Finally, the effectiveness of several antioxidants and potential catalyst poisons was explored, and triphenylphosphine was found to be an effective catalyst poison.
Lower methane combustion temperature on palladium nanoparticles anchored on TiOx subnano-islets in stellate mesoporous silica nanospheres (2019)

Highly accessible and active palladium nanoparticles stabilized on TiO<sub>x</sub> subnano-islets in monodispersed mesoporous silica nanospheres for methane combustion at low temperature.
Variation between centers in technique and guidelines for liver biopsy (1996)

Hospitals have few published guidelines to follow when performing a liver biopsy. In 1992, we began revising our protocol in an effort to institute new guidelines for our teaching hospitals. To assess the current practice of liver biopsy, we sent 500 multilingual questionnaires to international academic centers, and 85 U.S. centers were surveyed by telephone. The survey assessed: 1) patient preparation, 2) technical aspects of the biopsy, and 3) post-procedural care. One hundred and eighty international centers and 85 U.S. centers responded (total = 265). We found a wide variation in the practice of this surgical procedure at both national and international centers. Many Asian centers (73%) performed a bleeding time prior to liver biopsy. This practice was seen in only 36% of the U.S. centers. Most centers preferred platelet counts of 50,000/mm3 and above. The aspiration needle was more widely used in the U.S. (74%) and in many international centers, but Asian centers (61%) preferred a cutting needle. Thirty percent of Japanese centers performed more than 50% of their liver biopsies laparoscopically. Few laparoscopies were done at other centers. While about a quarter of the reported U.S., European, Asian, and South American centers observed patients for 4-6 hours after a biopsy, the majority of centers observed patients 10 hours or more. In addition to the wide variation seen, this survey provided us with an academic view of the contemporary practice of liver biopsy and an insight into how to redefine our present guidelines.
Remote focal scanning and sub-volume optical projection tomography (2016)

We present a platform for sub-volume optical projection tomography utilising an electrically tunable lens and tracking technology. Applied to 3D fluorescent bead phantoms and zebrafish embryos, we demonstrate an improvement in resolution and light collection efficiency with respect to conventional optical projection tomography.
Real‐time Observation of Structural Dynamics Triggering Excimer Formation in a Perylene Bisimide Folda‐dimer by Ultrafast Time‐Domain Raman Spectroscopy (2021)

Abstract In π‐conjugated organic photovoltaic materials, an excimer state has been generally regarded as a trap state which hinders efficient excitation energy transport. But despite wide investigations of the excimer for overcoming the undesirable energy loss, the understanding of the relationship between the structure of the excimer in stacked organic compounds and its properties remains elusive. Here, we present the landscape of structural dynamics from the excimer formation to its relaxation in a co‐facially stacked archetypical perylene bisimide folda‐dimer using ultrafast time‐domain Raman spectroscopy. We directly captured vibrational snapshots illustrating the ultrafast structural evolution triggering the excimer formation along the interchromophore coordinate on the complex excited‐state potential surfaces and following evolution into a relaxed excimer state. Not only does this work showcase the ultrafast structural dynamics necessary for the excimer formation and control of excimer characteristics but also provides important criteria for designing the π‐conjugated organic molecules.