gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Single contact double -waveguide SOAs in AWG-based lasers fabricated on InP generic photonic integration platform (2013)

By implementing SOAs that guide two waveguides through a single contact active\nsection, we can reduce dimensions ofphotonic integrated circuits (Tics.) and decrea,ce\nthe number of electrical contacts of current injection. In this paper we demonstrate\nlinear 4-channel and 8-channel A WG-based lasers that take advantage of such SOAs.\nThis resulted in a reduction of the required number of active regions and contacts\nby a factor Iwo. Measurements showed that these sources operate with an output power\nof I in W per A WG-channel and side-mode suppression ratio better than 40 dB.\nThe lasers were fabricated in a multi-project wafer run on an indium phosphide (InP,)\nbased generic photonic integration platform.
Robust interferometric imaging via prior-less phase recovery: redundant spacing calibration with generalized-closure phases (2016)

Atmospheric turbulence presents a fundamental challenge to Fourier phase recovery in optical interferometry. Typical reconstruction algorithms employ Bayesian inference techniques which rely on prior knowledge of the scene under observation. In contrast, redundant spacing calibration (RSC) algorithms employ redundancy in the baselines of the interferometric array to directly expose the contribution of turbulence, thereby enabling phase recovery for targets of arbitrary and unknown complexity. Traditionally RSC algorithms have been applied directly to single-exposure measurements, which are reliable only at high photon flux in general. In scenarios of low photon flux, such as those arising in the observation of dim objects in space, one must instead rely on time-averaged, atmosphere-invariant quantities such as the bispectrum. In this paper, we develop a novel RSC-based algorithm for prior-less phase recovery in which we generalize the bispectrum to higher order atmosphere-invariants (n-spectra) for improved sensitivity. We provide a strategy for selection of a high-signal-to-noise ratio set of n-spectra using the graph-theoretic notion of the minimum cycle basis. We also discuss a key property of this set (wrap-invariance), which then enables reliable application of standard linear estimation techniques to recover the Fourier phases from the 2π-wrapped n-spectra phases. For validation, we analyse the expected shot-noise-limited performance of our algorithm for both pairwise and Fizeau interferometric architectures, and corroborate this analysis with simulation results showing performance near an atmosphere-oracle Cramer–Rao bound. Lastly, we apply techniques from the field of compressed sensing to perform image reconstruction from the estimated complex visibilities.
Linkage between cellular adherence and biofilm formation in Escherichia coli O157:H7 EDL933 (2010)

During the establishment of Escherichia coli O157:H7 infection, its capacity to adhere to host intestinal epithelial cells is the critical first step in pathogenesis. It also has the capability to form biofilms, and because both are surface activities, we sought to gain insight into a potential linkage between biofilm formation and adherence to epithelial cells. We conducted an adherence assay with 51 biofilm-negative mutants and two human epithelial cell lines, T84 and HEp2. Our results show that unlike wild-type cells, biofilm-negative mutants adhere poorly to epithelial cells. Some adhesin-negative mutants were fully competent in biofilm formation, however. Thus, biofilm-forming activity in E. coli O157:H7 EDL933 is required for adherence to T84 and HEp2 cells, but it is not sufficient.
An In Vitro and In Vivo Investigation of the Diverse Biological Activities of Bovine Placental Lactogen (1993)

In order to understand the structure-function relationship of bovine placental lactogen (bPL) and initiate production of material for in vivo testing, 28 different bPL analogues were prepared by either truncation or site-directed mutagenesis. The effect of these mutations was determined by measuring binding capacity, ability to homodimerize extracellular domains (ECDs) of several lactogenic and somatogenic receptors, and by in vitro bioassays. Two analogues were prepared in large amounts for in vivo studies. These studies (a) identified the residues responsible for the somatogenic activity of bPL (K73, G133, T188) and for both lactogenic and somatogenic activity (N-terminus, K185, Y190); (b) allowed preparation of bPL analogues with selectively abolished or reduced somatogenic activity; and (c) provided a tool to understand the kinetic difference between lactogenic and somatogenic receptors. In vivo studies using rodent and dairy models showed that bovine growth hormone (bGH) is superior to bPL in stimulating growth and lactation. Likewise, bGH has greater somatogenic activity in different age groups and thermal environments. Initial studies of bPL analog T188 suggest that its lactogenic potential is superior to bGH. Effective experimental models have now been developed and tested for analysis of new bPL analogs.
Design and fabrication of an autonomous rendezvous and docking sensor using off-the-shelf hardware (1991)

NASA Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC) has developed and tested an engineering model of an automated rendezvous and docking sensor system composed of a video camera ringed with laser diodes at two wavelengths and a standard remote manipulator system target that has been modified with retro-reflective tape and 830 and 780 mm optical filters. TRW has provided additional engineering analysis, design, and manufacturing support, resulting in a robust, low cost, automated rendezvous and docking sensor design. We have addressed the issue of space qualification using off-the-shelf hardware components. We have also addressed the performance problems of increased signal to noise ratio, increased range, increased frame rate, graceful degradation through component redundancy, and improved range calibration. Next year, we will build a breadboard of this sensor. The phenomenology of the background scene of a target vehicle as viewed against earth and space backgrounds under various lighting conditions will be simulated using the TRW Dynamic Scene Generator Facility (DSGF). Solar illumination angles of the target vehicle and candidate docking target ranging from eclipse to full sun will be explored. The sensor will be transportable for testing at the MSFC Flight Robotics Laboratory (EB24) using the Dynamic Overhead Telerobotic Simulator (DOTS).
Selection of Amino Acids and the Biomimetic Synthesis of Amido Bond in the Presence of β-CD (2013)

Abstract A new method was developed to construct a special amido bond in the presence of β-cyclodextrin. This process is similar to peptide synthesis in organisms. NMR experiments were performed to investigate the possible mechanism. This work has potential application in biomimetic peptide synthesis. [Supplementary materials are available for this article. Go to the publisher's online edition of Synthetic Communications® for the following free supplemental resource(s): Full experimental and spectral details.]
High-Speed Multi-Bit Continuous-Time Bandpass Delta-Sigma Modulator (2007)

International audience
Growth and optical properties of GaPN/GaP heterostructure nanowire array (2019)

Abstract The study is devoted to synthesis and investigation of the optical properties of GaPN/GaP nanowire (NW) arrays grown on Si substrate (111) with plasma-assisted molecular beam epitaxy (PA-MBE). First, we demonstrate the growth of axial GaPN/GaP and GaP NW heterostructures. The morphology of GaP and GaPN/GaP NW arrays was investigated with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to show that at low growth fluxes of activated nitrogen self-catalytic growth regime and nanowires morphology are preserved. Raman spectroscopy was used for investigation of phonon spectra features. Optical properties of the GaPN NW arrays were determined at room temperature with photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy. Analysis of both Raman spectroscopy and PL results allowed to analyze the GaPN/GaP NWs chemical composition. Dilution of GaP NWs with N allows to significantly increase PL intensity and obtain broad PL signal in the optical spectral region demonstrating the potential of GaPN NWs for future nano-optoelectronics and photonics.
Integrin binding specificity of laminin-10/11: laminin-10/11 are recognized by α3β1, α6β1 and α6β4 integrins (2000)

ABSTRACT Laminin-10/11, the laminin isoforms containing the α5 chain, are major components of basement membranes of many fetal and adult tissues. Laminin-10/11 purified from the conditioned medium of human lung carcinoma cells were potent in mediating adhesion of the carcinoma cells in an integrin α3β1-dependent manner. To further define the type(s) of integrins involved in cell adhesion to laminin-10/11, we examined the effects of a panel of function-blocking anti-integrin antibodies on the adhesion of different cell types to laminin-10/11. Although anti-integrin β1 antibody inhibited the adhesion of all cell types tested, anti-α3 antibody inhibited the adhesion of carcinoma and glioma cells but not fibroblastic cells. Adhesion of fibroblastic cells was inhibited, however, by a combination of anti-α3 and anti-α6 antibodies, suggesting that both α3β1 and α6β1 integrins function as laminin-10/11 receptors in these cells. To explore this possibility, we examined the adhesion of K562 leukemic cells transfected with integrin α3 or α6 subunit to laminin-10/11 or other laminin isoforms. Laminin-10/11 were potent adhesive ligands for both the α3β1 and α6β1 transfectants, whereas laminin-5 was the preferred ligand for the α3β1 transfectants. Upon stimulation with the activating anti-integrin β1 antibody, both transfectants became more adherent to the substratum regardless of the type of laminins coated, although their preference for laminin isoforms remained unaltered. K562 cells transfected with α6 and β4 subunits were also capable of adhering to laminin-10/11, indicating that integrin α6β4 is another receptor for laminin-10/11. Even with lung carcinoma cells, the α6-containing integrins partly contributed to adhesion to laminin-10/11 at higher coating concentrations, although non-integrin receptor(s) might also be involved under such conditions. These results indicated that laminin-10/11 are potent and versatile adhesive ligands in basement membranes capable of binding to both α3β1 and α6β1 integrins with high avidity and also to α6β4 integrin.
A Spectral Approach for the Design of Experiments: Design, Analysis and Algorithms (2018)

This paper proposes a new approach to construct high quality space-filling sample designs. First, we propose a novel technique to quantify the space-filling property and optimally trade-off uniformity and randomness in sample designs in arbitrary dimensions. Second, we connect the proposed metric (defined in the spatial domain) to the quality metric of the design performance (defined in the spectral domain). This connection serves as an analytic framework for evaluating the qualitative properties of space-filling designs in general. Using the theoretical insights provided by this spatial-spectral analysis, we derive the notion of optimal space-filling designs, which we refer to as space-filling spectral designs. Third, we propose an efficient estimator to evaluate the space-filling properties of sample designs in arbitrary dimensions and use it to develop an optimization framework for generating high quality space-filling designs. Finally, we carry out a detailed performance comparison on two different applications in varying dimensions: a) image reconstruction and b) surrogate modeling for several benchmark optimization functions and a physics simulation code for inertial confinement fusion (ICF). Our results clearly evidence the superiority of the proposed space-filling designs over existing approaches, particularly in high dimensions.
Suppl. Figs. 1-8 from Combinatorial Efficacy of Olaparib with Radiation and ATR Inhibitor Requires PARP1 Protein in Homologous Recombination–Proficient Pancreatic Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Suppl. Figs. 1-8&lt;/p&gt;
Separation and Quantification of Simple Ions by Capillary Zone Electrophoresis. A Modern Undergraduate Instrumentation Laboratory (1999)

Capillary electrophoresis (CE) is a relatively new separation technique that has enjoyed increasing popularity in the last decade. A wide range of samples can be rapidly separated and quantified by CE, requiring only small amounts of sample and solvent. CE is not a widely demonstrated technique in the undergraduate laboratory. However, as CE continues to gain popularity many of our students will encounter capillary electrophoretic techniques in the workplace. We have therefore included CE in the chemistry syllabus. The experiments described here give a suitable introduction to capillary electrophoresis and effectively illustrate the mechanism of separation.
A Continuous Spectrophotometric Assay for NADPH-cytochrome P450 Reductase Activity Using 1,1-Diphenyl-2-Picrylhydrazyl (2004)

NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductase (CPR) transfers electrons from NADPH to cytochrome P450, and catalyzes the one-electron reduction of many drugs and foreign compounds. Various forms of spectrophotometric titration have been performed to investigate the electron-accepting properties of CPR, particularly, to examine its ability to reduce cytochrome c and ferricyanide. In this study, the reduction of 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) by CPR was assessed as a means of monitoring CPR activity. The principle advantage of DPPH is that its reduction can be assayed directly in the reaction medium by a continuous spectrophotometry. Thus, electrons released from NADPH by CPR were transferred to DPPH, and DPPH reduction was then followed spectrophotometrically by measuring A(520) reduction. Optimal assay concentrations of DPPH, CPR, potassium phosphate buffer, and NADPH were first established. DPPH reduction activity was found to depend upon the strength of the buffer used, which was optimal at 100 mM potassium phosphate and pH 7.6. The extinction coefficient of DPPH was 4.09mM(-1) cm(-1). DPPH reduction followed classical Michaelis-Menten kinetics (K(m) = 28 microM, k(cat) = 1690 min(-1)). This method uses readily available materials, and has the additional advantages of being rapid and inexpensive.
1,4-Functionalization of 1,3-Dienes With Low-Valent Iron Catalysts (2015)

Iron-catalyzed or -mediated transformations of organic substrates have been important throughout the development of organic chemistry due to iron's abundance, low cost, and favorable toxicity profile. Highly reduced iron species, although difficult to isolate and characterize, have proven valuable as catalysts for a variety of C-C and C-heteroatom bond forming processes, as well as cyclization and cycloisomerization reactions. We have developed iminopyridine-ligated low-valent iron catalysts that facilitate selective 1,4-hydrovinylation, hydoboration, hydrosilylation, and polymerization of 1,3-dienes. The catalysts are generated in situ from iron(II) precursors in the presence of activated magnesium metal or trialkylaluminum reductants. The 1,4-addition processes provide access to valuable products such as 1,4-dienes, allylboronic esters, allylsilanes, and highly regioregular polyisoprene. In these transformations, addition is stereoselective, providing (E)-alkene isomers selectively, and (1,2)-addition products are generally not observed. Moreover, modification of steric bulk on the iminopyridine ligand can be used to change selectivity for (1,4)- versus (4,1)-addition to dienes with nonsymmetric substitution. Access to low-valent iron precursor complexes is limited, and we have developed a diaryliron(II) precursor that undergoes smooth reductive elimination in the presence of iminopyridine ligands to provide easy access to low-valent iron catalysts without the use of heterogeneous reductants, which complicate the isolation and study of low-valent iron complexes. We obtained crystal structures of our iron(II) catalyst precursor and an iminopyridine-ligated reduced iron species generated from it. Spectroscopic analysis suggests that although this species is formally iron(0), the redox-active iminopyridine ligands accept electron density from the metal and the complex is more properly formulated as iron(II) coordinated by two radical-anion ligands. We believe that a closely-related set of reaction manifolds is responsible for the 1,4-functionalization reactivity displayed by the iron(iminopyridine) complexes (see text). Kinetics experiments and deuterium-labeling studies provide evidence for the proposed catalytic cycle. The geometry of the double bond remaining after 1,4-addition is set by the requirement that the diene bind to the iron center in an s-cis geometry, and the regioselectivity of addition can be rationalized by the location of steric bulk on the iminopyridine ligand. The transformations presented in this Account utilize iron catalysts to provide access to valuable diene 1,4-addition products such as 1,4-dienes, allylboronate esters, and allylsilanes, as well as highly regioregular polyisoprene. The development of a stable diaryliron(II) precatalyst, structural characterization of an iminopyridine-ligated iron(0) complex, and mechanistic insights into the selective nature of this transformation provide a window into the reactivity profile of low-valent iron.
Phosphorus: Organophosphorus Chemistry (2005)

Abstract The chemistry associated with compounds bearing at least one carbon–phosphorus bond has been surveyed. This survey has been organized on the basis of the coordination about the phosphorus center, beginning with monocoordinated phosphorus and continuing through hexacoordinated phosphorus. Preparations, stereochemistry, and reactivity are principal topics considered.
‘I am done with that now.’ Sense of alienations in Finnish academia (2022)

Commercialization and commodification of higher education has been subjected to wide critique in academic literature. The relative privilege of academic professions seems to be on the decline, as universities are subjected to increasing competitive pressures – pressures which these institutions pass on to academics. Academics experience a loss of control over their own working conditions, with high intrinsic motivation and goals being imprinted by extrinsic ones. Looking at these recent developments through the lens of alienation theory, it is possible to argue that academics feel a deep sense of disempowerment, which is counterproductive not only for academic work, but also traditional academic identities. This theoretical approach is discussed in the context of a Finnish university merger – the Tampere University of Technology (TUT) and the University of Tampere (UTA) merging into Tampere University (2019) – which shows experiences of being extraneously controlled, leading to experiences of disengagement and alienation. The causes of alienation are typically placed on the level of higher education policy and higher education institutions, but are not uniform, which is why the plural form – alienations – is considered more apt.
Laser dispersion and ignition of metal fuel particles (2011)

The development of a laser-shock technique for dispersing Al metal fuel particles at velocities approaching those expected in a detonating explosive is discussed. The technique is described in detail by quantifying how air drag affects the temporal variation of the velocity of the dispersed particle plume. The effect of particle size is incorporated by examining various poly-dispersed commercial Al powders at different dispersion velocities (390-630 m/s). The technique is finally tested within a preliminary study of particle ignition delay and burn time, where the effect of velocity is highlighted for different particle sizes. It was found that plume velocity exhibits a modified exponential temporal profile, where smaller particles are more susceptible to air drag than larger ones. Moreover, larger particles exhibit longer ignition delays and burn times than smaller ones. The velocity of a particle was found to significantly affect its ignition delay, burn time, and combustion temperature, especially for particles in the diffusion-controlled regime. Shorter ignition delays and burn times and lower temperatures were observed at higher particle velocities. The utility of this technique as a combustion screening test for future, novel fuels is discussed.
Safety and cost of stent-assisted coiling of unruptured intracranial aneurysms compared with coiling or clipping (2012)

SAC is a safe alternative to coiling or clipping of unruptured aneurysms but it is currently more expensive.
Targeting the NFAT:AP-1 transcriptional complex on DNA with a small-molecule inhibitor (2019)

The transcription factor nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT) has a key role in both T cell activation and tolerance and has emerged as an important target of immune modulation. NFAT directs the effector arm of the immune response in the presence of activator protein-1 (AP-1), and T cell anergy/exhaustion in the absence of AP-1. Envisioning a strategy for selective modulation of the immune response, we designed a FRET-based high-throughput screen to identify compounds that disrupt the NFAT:AP-1:DNA complex. We screened ∼202,000 small organic compounds and identified 337 candidate inhibitors. We focus here on one compound, <i>N</i>-(3-acetamidophenyl)-2-[5-(1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)pyridin-2-yl]sulfanylacetamide (Compound 10), which disrupts the NFAT:AP-1 interaction at the composite antigen-receptor response element-2 site without affecting the binding of NFAT or AP-1 alone to DNA. Compound 10 binds to DNA in a sequence-selective manner and inhibits the transcription of the <i>Il2</i> gene and several other cyclosporin A-sensitive cytokine genes important for the effector immune response. This study provides proof-of-concept that small molecules can inhibit the assembly of specific DNA-protein complexes, and opens a potential new approach to treat human diseases where known transcription factors are deregulated.
Propensity rules for inelastic electron tunneling spectroscopy of single-molecule transport junctions (2006)

Using a perturbative approach to simple model systems, we derive useful propensity rules for inelastic electron tunneling spectroscopy (IETS) of molecular wire junctions. We examine the circumstances under which this spectroscopy (that has no rigorous selection rules) obeys well defined propensity rules based on the molecular symmetry and on the topology of the molecule in the junction. Focusing on conjugated molecules of C(2h) symmetry, semiquantitative arguments suggest that the IETS is dominated by a(g) vibrations in the high energy region and by out of plane modes (a(u) and b(g)) in the low energy region. Realistic computations verify that the proposed propensity rules are strictly obeyed by medium to large-sized conjugated molecules but are subject to some exceptions when small molecules are considered. The propensity rules facilitate the use of IETS to help characterize the molecular geometry within the junction.