gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Blood Levels of Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha and Its Type 2 Receptor Are Elevated in Patients with Boston Type I Keratoprosthesis (2019)

<b>Purpose</b>: Boston keratoprosthesis (KPro) patients are prone to glaucoma even with well-controlled intraocular pressure (IOP). Recent experimental data have shown that soluble tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-<i>α</i>) after ocular injury may contribute to progressive retinal damage and subsequent glaucoma. This study evaluates the blood plasma levels of soluble TNF-<i>α</i>, TNF receptors 1 (TNFR1) and 2 (TNFR2), and leptin in patients with Boston type I KPro. <b>Methods</b>: Venous blood samples were collected from KPro patients with glaucoma (KPro G, <i>n</i> = 19), KPro patients without glaucoma (KPro NoG, <i>n</i> = 12), primary angle closure glaucoma without KPro (PACG, <i>n</i> = 13), and narrow angles without glaucoma or KPro (NA, <i>n</i> = 21). TNF-<i>α</i>, TNFR1, TNFR2, and leptin levels were quantified using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) was assessed using the Westergren test. Patients with underlying autoimmune conditions or diabetes were excluded from the study. <b>Results</b>: All groups had similar age, body mass index (BMI), IOP, and ESR (<i>p</i> ≥ 0.11). The mean time from KPro surgery to blood draw was 5.3 ± 3.7 years. Compared to NA patients (0.72 ± 0.3 pg/ml), KPro G and KPro NoG patients had higher blood plasma levels of TNF-<i>α</i> (1.18 ± 0.58 pg/ml, <i>p</i> = 0.006; 1.16 ± 0.50 pg/ml, <i>p</i> = 0.04, respectively). Similarly, KPro G patients had higher blood plasma levels of TNFR2 (2768 ± 1368 pg/ml) than NA patients (2020 ± 435 pg/ml, <i>p</i> = 0.048). In multivariate analysis, KPro status remained positively associated with TNF-<i>α</i> levels (<i>β</i> = 0.36; 95% confidence intervals [CI]: 0.14-0.58; <i>p</i> = 0.002) and TNFR2 levels (<i>β</i> = 458.3; 95% CI: 32.8-883.7; <i>p</i> = 0.035) after adjusting for age, gender, BMI, glaucoma status, and ESR. TNFR1 and leptin levels were not significantly different in the study groups. <b>Conclusions</b>: We detected elevated serum levels of TNF-<i>α</i> and TNFR2 in KPro patients. Longitudinal studies are needed to establish TNF-<i>α</i> and TNFR2 as serum biomarkers related to KPro surgery. <b>Abbreviations</b>: BCVA: best corrected visual acuity; BMI: body mass index; CDR: cup-to-disc ratio; EDTA: ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid; ELISA: enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; ESR: erythrocyte sedimentation rate; HVF: Humphrey visual field; IOP: intraocular pressure; KPro G: keratoprosthesis with glaucoma; KPro NoG: keratoprosthesis without glaucoma; KPro: keratoprosthesis; MD: mean deviation; NA: narrow angle; non-KPro: without keratoprosthesis; PACG: primary angle closure glaucoma; RNFL: retinal nerve fiber layer; TNF-α: tumor necrosis factor alpha; TNFR1: tumor necrosis factor receptor 1; TNFR2: tumor necrosis factor receptor 2.
Large tunneling magnetoresistance enhancement by thermal anneal (1998)

Spin tunnel junctions with tunneling magnetoresistance of 36.5%±0.5%, resistance-area product of 35±6 kΩ×μm2, and junction area between 6 and 75 μm2 were fabricated. The barrier height is 2.5±0.3 eV and the barrier thickness is 7.7±0.3 Å. Large tunneling magnetoresistance (TMR) values are obtained by vacuum anneal (at temperatures from 100 to 240 °C for over 5 h) of junctions prepared with as-deposited TMR of 21%±1.7%, and an as-deposited resistance-area product of 25±6 kΩ×μm2. Two regimes occur during anneal. The first one occurs for anneals up to 200 °C where TMR and junction resistance increase, but the barrier parameters are unaltered. The second occurs above 200 °C, where TMR increases faster, together with an increase in barrier height. At 240 °C, TMR starts to decrease. Rutherford backscattering analysis indicates an asymmetry in the oxygen distribution in the as-deposited barrier. The oxygen distribution becomes homogeneous for anneals above 150 °C.
Use of adaptive optics to determine the optimal ocular spherical aberration (2007)

The adaptive optics vision simulator reduced the root-mean-square wavefront aberration of the eye by up to a factor of 4 and allowed noninvasive testing of the visual performance resulting from any ocular wavefront aberration introduced by customized correction procedures. This study showed that, on average, contrast performance peaked when SA was completely corrected.
From CO2‐Based Multifunctional Polycarbonates With a Controlled Number of Functional Groups to Graft Polymers (2013)

Abstract Copolymerization of CO 2 and epoxides is employed to generate functional polycarbonates. The introduction of reactive double bonds at a poly(propylene carbonate) (PPC) backbone is realized by the copolymerization of aliphatic alkene epoxides with propylene oxide (PO) and carbon dioxide (CO 2 ). A series of copolymers with random structure and varying comonomer content (3–22%) with molecular weights in the range of 22 000–34 000 g mol −1 is synthesized and characterized with respect to their microstructure and thermal properties. The facile transformation of the double bonds is verified by a thiol‐ene reaction, resulting in quantitative conversion of the double bonds. Polycarbonate derivatives with multiple functionalities are prepared, providing suitable moieties for further grafting. magnified image
Origin of the high temperature performance degradation of 1.5μm InGaAs(P)/InP quantum well lasers (2005)

High temperature degradation of the efficiency of 1.5 /spl mu/m InGaAs(P) lasers is shown to be due to strong coupling between Auger recombination and internal absorption. This is explained using a simple analytical model.
Eine Basis für die Orbitalsymmetrieregeln (1979)

Abstract Der Einfluß der Molekülsymmetrie auf die Reaktionsgeschwindigkeit wird mit einem Verfahren untersucht, das chemische Reaktionen als elektronische Übergänge zwischen Edukt‐ und Produktzuständen betrachtet, wobei diese Zustände durch quasiadiabatische Potentialflächen beschrieben werden. Für diese Übergänge werden unter Verwendung des molekularen Hamilton‐Operators Auswahlregeln hergeleitet. Der vollständige Hamilton‐Operator weist keine brauchbare Symmetrie auf; die Vernachlässigung von Nicht‐Born‐Oppenheimer‐Termen, von Spin‐Bahn‐Kopplungstermen und anderen Drehimpulskopplungstermen ergibt einen approximierten Hamilton‐Operator und führt zu Auswahlregeln, welche die Basis der Woodward‐Hoffmann‐Regeln bilden. Dieser Ansatz bietet eine Alternative zu den adiabatischen Potentialflächen, den Reaktionskoordinaten und der Theorie des Übergangszustandes, die bei der Diskussion der Woodward‐Hoffmann‐Regeln üblicherweise zugrunde gelegt werden. Darüber hinaus lassen sich mit diesem Ansatz Verletzungen der Symmetrieregeln besonders gut diskutieren und konzertierte von nichtkonzentrierten Reaktionen unterscheiden.
Sterols as ecological indicators (1978)

Abstract Plots of the C-27, C-28 and C-29 sterol contents of marine plankton, higher plants, soils, and lacustrine and marine sediments form discrete areas in a triangular diagram. Because the positions of these plots of the various samples are relatable to biological sources, sterol analyses may be used to define ecological systems.
Methanol-Managing greenhouse gas emissions in the production chain by optimizing the resource base (2018)

The growing demand for methanol as fuel and global competition for resources are key drivers behind the need to find new routes for the production of bulk chemicals such as methanol. Widening the resource base is also linked to the increasing concentrations of methane in the atmosphere. Furthermore, managing greenhouse gas emissions is vital in developing new technologies. This paper compares production routes for methanol based on a cradle-to-gate life cycle assessment (LCA). The LCA is limited to the impact categories of global warming potential (GWP<sub>100</sub>) and energy use. The highest GWP<sub>100 </sub>value of 2.97 kg CO<sub>2</sub>eq/kg CH<sub>3</sub>OH is for methanol from coal, and the lowest, negative emission of 0.99 kg CO<sub>2</sub>eq/kg CH<sub>3</sub>OH is for methanol in co-production with renewable corn ethanol. A comparison of production routes is performed using the carbon dioxide equivalent abatement cost, and the production cost of methanol. The best performing technology on both production cost and GWP<sub>100</sub> is methanol produced by gasification from wood biomass. The factors affecting the results are addressed. &gt;
Protein Kinase C-associated Kinase (PKK) Mediates Bcl10-independent NF-κB Activation Induced by Phorbol Ester (2002)

Protein kinase C-associated kinase (PKK) is a recently described kinase of unknown function that was identified on the basis of its specific interaction with PKC beta. PKK contains N-terminal kinase and C-terminal ankyrin repeats domains linked to an intermediate region. Here we report that the kinase domain of PKK is highly homologous to that of two mediators of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kappa B) activation, RICK and RIP, but these related kinases have different C-terminal domains for binding to upstream factors. We find that expression of PKK, like RICK and RIP, induces NF-kappa B activation. Mutational analysis revealed that the kinase domain of PKK is essential for NF-kappa B activation, whereas replacement of serine residues in the putative activation loop did not affect the ability of PKK to activate NF-kappa B. A catalytic inactive PKK mutant inhibited NF-kappa B activation induced by phorbol ester and Ca(2+)-ionophore, but it did not block that mediated by tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin-1 beta, or Nod1. Inhibition of NF-kappa B activation by dominant negative PKK was reverted by co-expression of PKC beta I, suggesting a functional association between PKK and PKC beta I. PKK-mediated NF-kappa B activation required IKK alpha and IKK beta but not IKK gamma, the regulatory subunit of the IKK complex. Moreover, NF-kappa B activation induced by PKK was not inhibited by dominant negative Bimp1 and proceeded in the absence of Bcl10, two components of a recently described PKC signaling pathway. These results suggest that PKK is a member of the RICK/RIP family of kinases, which is involved in a PKC-activated NF-kappa B signaling pathway that is independent of Bcl10 and IKK gamma.
Heterodimeric Aminopeptidase A fromBacillus licheniformisNS115 (1997)

An aminopeptidase A (EC 3.4.11.7) was purified to homogeneity from Bacillus licheniformis NS115 and its enzymatic properties were characterized. The enzyme had an apparent molecular mass of 64 kDa, consisting of heterodimeric 42 kDa and 22 kDa subunits, and is a new enzyme from N-terminal analysis of heavy and light subunits. The light subunit had no catalytic activity against the substrate and apparent K(m) values of heavy and whole enzyme were 0.26 and 0.087 mM of gamma-glutamyl-p-nitroanilide, respectively.
Dynamically shared optical tracking (2003)

Optical tracking using ARToolkit provides us with the base technology for a wealth of augmented reality applications. However marker-based optical tracking using a single camera has some drawbacks. Markers must be fully visible to the camera all the time to produce tracking output - occlusion by other objects and limited camera field of view constrain the area that can be effectively tracked by ARToolkit. In our approach to improve tracking availability, tracking data from multiple hosts is shared across the network. Pairwise camera-to-camera relationships are established automatically, as soon as any marker is seen by two cameras, independent of the cameras' placement (e.g. cameras worn by a user or mounted at a "hot spot" location to improve tracking in that area). The setup is completely dynamic: both cameras can be continuously moving, and there is no "special marker" that must be seen by both cameras - as soon as any one marker in the system is visible to both cameras, all missing tracking information can be calculated from the data sent over the network. In this paper we describe such a configuration for multiple hosts in detail, as well as special aspects such as automatically selecting the best marker to use as a reference point, a description of the system's dataflow, scalability and accuracy issues and future work such as automatic configuration of the system.
Peptide T revisited: conformational mimicry of epitopes of anti‐HIV proteins (2001)

Peptide T (ASTTTNYT), a fragment corresponding to residues 185-192 of gp120, the coat protein of HIV, is endowed with several biological properties in vitro, notably inhibition of the binding of both isolated gp120 and HIV-1 to the CD4 receptor, and chemotactic activity. Based on previous nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) studies performed in our laboratory, which were consistent with a regular conformation of the C-terminal pentapeptide, and SAR studies showing that the C-terminal pentapeptide retains most of the biological properties, we designed eight hexapeptides containing in the central part either the TNYT or the TTNY sequence, and charged residues (D/E/R) at the two ends. Conformational analysis based on NMR and torsion angle dynamics showed that all peptides assume folded conformations. albeit with different geometries and stabilities. In particular, peptides carrying an acidic residue at the N-terminus and a basic residue at the C-terminus are characterized by stable helical structures and retain full chemotactic activity. The solution conformation of peptide ETNYTR displays strong structural similarity to the region 19-26 of both bovine pancreatic and bovine seminal ribonuclease, which are endowed with anti-HIV activity. Moreover, the frequent occurrence, in many viral proteins, of TNYT and TTNY, the two core sequences employed in the design of the hexapeptides studied in the present work, hints that the sequence of the C-terminal pentapeptide TTNYT is probably representative of a widespread viral recognition motif.
Announcement of International Journal of Physiology, Pathophysiology and Pharmacology. (2009)

We are pleased to announce here that the International Journal of Physiology, Patho-physiology and Pharmacology (IJPPP) (ISSN: 1944–8171) is officially launched. IJPPP is a new, peer-reviewed, online open access journal dedicated to publishing the latest and best quality original research and review articles on emerging topics in physiology, pathophysiology and pharmacology. The journal is based in the United States of America, and is founded by a group of nationally and internationally recognized scientists in physiology, pathophysiology, pharmacology and the relevant fields.

There are many reasons to make IJPPP the preferred journal to publish your most significant research work. Firstly, IJPPP covers essentially all aspects of physiology, patho-physiology and pharmacology, making it a broadly relevant biomedical journal that promotes scientists working in these three closely-related subspecialties and the pharmaceutical industry to collaborate and identify novel therapeutic targets. Secondly, open access means that all articles published in IJPPP become immediately accessible to all internet users throughout the world so that your work receives the most exposure without any of the typical limitations associated with journals that require a fee-based subscription. The online version of IJPPP features the capacity to include large data sets and unlimited color figures all at no additional charge. Of importance, authors, irrespective of their country of origin, retain copyright of their original work. Thirdly, your manuscripts receive highly prompt yet rigorous and fair peer review by at least two leading experts in your field which helps to establish the credibility and reputation of your work as well as that of the journal. Fourthly, publication in IJPPP is highly affordable, and waivers/discounts of publication fees are available to ensure timely publication of top-quality science. Lastly, IJPPP will be submitted to PubMed for evaluation for indexing in PubMed in the first year of publication. This means that articles published in IJPPP will be quickly deposited in PubMed and PubMed Central.

IJPPP seeks high-quality manuscripts of original research as well as literature reviews from academic, industrial, and clinical institutions. The Editors at IJPPP are committed to making this new venture a success. We sincerely hope that the scientists in the areas of physiology and pharmacology and, more broadly, in pathological medicine will enthusiastically embrace and contribute to the journal. We would also like to take this opportunity to thank all of our editorial board members whose efforts have made the launch of IJPPP possible. If you are interested in joining our Editorial Board, please read the journal's Editorial Board Policies and contact us.
In-Cylinder Combustion Analysis by Flame Emission Spectroscopy of Transparent CR Diesel Engine (2003)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Spectroscopic measurement and high speed visualization were used in single cylinder, four-stroke DI diesel engine, optically accessible. It was equipped with a four valves head and fully flexible electronic controlled ‘Common Rail’ injection system. The effect of pilot and main injection on combustion process was evaluated.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Mixing formation, autoignition and soot formation process were analyzed by broadband ultraviolet-visible flame emission spectroscopy and high-speed digital imaging.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;The autoignition phase occurred near the tip of the jet and was characterized by strong presence of OH radicals for both investigated conditions&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;The presence of C&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; and OH radicals strongly characterized CR diesel combustion process during soot formation and evolution. In particular, high presence of OH concentration for the whole process from the autoignition to the soot formation and successive phases contributes to lower soot levels.&lt;/div&gt;
Incidence and dose-volume analysis of acute bladder toxicity following pelvic radiotherapy. (2014)

Acute bladder toxicity during pelvic radiation therapy is not a trivial complication and should be actively investigated. Dose-volume relationships demonstrate that both bladder wall V20 and bladder solid V20 are useful surrogates for identifying patients at high risk of toxicity. The roles of IPSS and OABSS need to be validated in a larger study.
Effect of physical damage to early‐ and late‐maturing cotton cultivars (2020)

Abstract Determining the effects of timing and intensity of physical damage in cotton ( Gossypium hirsutum L.) grown in the Mid‐South could improve management decisions and insurance adjustments after weather‐ or wildlife‐related crop damage has occurred. Research was conducted to quantify the effects of time of damage and intensity of damage on early‐ and late‐maturing cotton varieties in the Mid‐South. Cultivar selection affected plant height at first bloom, first bloom + 4 wk, and harvest ( p ≤ .0008), and number of nodes at first bloom + 4 wk and harvest ( p ≤ .0372). The interaction of intensity of damage by time of damage had an effect on plant height and number of nodes at pinhead square, first bloom, first bloom + 4 wk, and at harvest ( p ≤ .0001), where reductions in plant height ranged from 20 to 57% and the number of nodes were reduced by 12–64% as damage increased when compared to the untreated check. Damage intensity by time of damage interaction affected lint turnout, lint yield, micronaire, fiber length, and fiber strength ( p ≤ .0391). Reductions in lint yield (11–70%), lint turnout (2–6%), and micronaire (3–8%) were observed. Increases of 3 and 2% in fiber length and fiber strength, respectively, were also observed at eight node removal at pinhead square. Overall, as the intensity of damage increased, lint yield declined regardless of growth stage, therefore it should be expected to have yield loss where damage has occurred in cotton.
Sjuksköterskans upplevelse av att skatta och utvärdera patientens smärta, samt behov och initiering av smärtlindring på akutmottagning (2019)

Bakgrund: Smärta är en vanlig förekommande orsak som patienter söker vård för på akutmottagningar. Tidigare forskning visar att patienter inte är nöjda med de smärtlindrande insatser som görs inom sjukvård och sjuksköterskor underskattar ofta patienters upplevda smärta. Sjuksköterskor strävar efter att alla patienter ska vara smärtfria, men olika faktorer spelar in som kan hindra sjuksköterskor att smärtlindra patienter. En adekvat smärtlindring grundar sig på smärtskattning av patienters smärta, studier visar att ajuksköterskor använder validerade instrument som VAS och NRS, men även kliniska tecken och patienters kroppsspråk. Lidande är förknippat med ett starkt obehag för människan. Smärta, i alla dess former, orsakar lidande för personen och det är sjuksköterskans uppgift att lindra lidande. Syfte: Syftet var att undersöka sjuksköterskans upplevelse av att skatta och utvärdera patientens smärta, samt behov och initiering av smärtlindring, på akutmottagning. Metod: Studien genomfördes med en kvalitativ metod och induktiv ansats. Nio semistrukturerade intervjuer med sjuksköterskor från fyra akutmottagningar i Sverige utfördes, intervjuerna analyserades med hjälp av manifest innehållsanalys. Resultat: Två kategorier kunde urskiljas: "Upplevelsen av att bedöma patienters smärta" och "Upplevelsen av att initiera administrering av smärtlindrande läkemedel". I den första kategorin beskrev informanterna att validerade mätinstrument användes, men att det var svårt att lita på och sätta en siffra på en patients subjektiva upplevelse av smärta. I den andra kategorin beskrev informanterna upplevelser som rädsla och osäkerhet gällande administrering av smärtlindrande läkemedel, här kunde osäkerheten stävjas om läkaren hade ordinerat läkemedel innan det administrerades. Slutsats: Studiens resultat tyder på att många sjuksköterskor inom akutsjukvård upplever att de behöver mer kunskap inom smärta och smärtlindring. Informanterna upplevde även att riktlinjer, som generella ordinationer, är en viktig del i att lindra smärta och lidande, det fanns dock en önskan om att sådana riktlinjer behövde utvecklas och bli tydligare. Informanterna var överens om att en snabb identifiering och skattning av smärta, och en snabb initiering av smärtlindring gynnade patienter i form av ett minskat lidande.
THE EFFECT AND OPTIMAL TIME OF ADMINISTRATION OF VERAPAMIL ON LUNG PRESERVATION (1990)

Calcium channel blockers have recently been shown to improve pulmonary and myocardial preservation. The effect of verapamil on hypothermic lung preservation was investigated using an isolated ventilated rabbit lung perfusion model. In phase 1, preserved lungs were not flushed prior to extraction. Four groups of five animals were studied: group 1 (no verapamil), group 2 (verapamil administration prior to extraction), group 3 (verapamil at reperfusion only), group 4 (verapamil both prior to extraction and at reperfusion). In phase 2, two groups of five animals received pulmonary artery flush with low potassium (4 mmol/L), 2% low-potassium dextran (LPD) solution; group 1 (without verapamil), group 2 (flush and reperfusion with verapamil). As in phase 1, lungs were stored for 30 hr at 10 degrees C prior to reperfusion. In phase 3, the protocol was identical to phase 2, except that the storage time was extended to 48 hr. PO2 (mean +/- SE) of effluent blood in lungs treated with verapamil prior to extraction (122.8 +/- 5.0 mmHg) was significantly increased in comparison with lungs not receiving verapamil (69.0 +/- 3.3 mmHg) or only receiving verapamil at the time of reperfusion (87.1 +/- 11.9 mmHg). Gas exchange after 30 hr storage was equivalent in lungs flushed with LPD with or without verapamil. However verapamil did provide an advantage when preservation times were extended to 48 hr (62.3 +/- 8.5 mmHg, 46.9 +/- 2.3 mmHg). Verapamil administered prior to lung extraction provides better lung function following preservation, but has benefit over LPD flush only with extended periods of preservation (48 hr).