gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Leaky NRD guide as a feeder for microwave planar antennas (1993)

Although leaky wave antennas have been studied extensively in the literature, their practical use is still limited. This work proposes a novel and unique application of leaky NRD guides as feeding systems for microwave planar antennas and shows their substantial possibilities of practical use. At first a new leaky waveguide is introduced based on a periodic array of grooves on the upper side of the dielectric strip in the NRD guide. Then, leaky waves issuing from this configuration are used to feed a slot array cut on the upper metal plate of the NRD guide. Design examples of linearly and circularly polarized planar antennas were constructed, and their characteristics were measured at 23 GHz. The obtained results show the validity for this application of the leaky waveguide.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Development of a resonant‐type microwave reactor and its application to the synthesis of positron emission tomography radiopharmaceuticals (2014)

Microwave technology has been successfully applied to enhance the effectiveness of radiolabeling reactions. The use of a microwave as a source of heat energy can allow chemical reactions to proceed over much shorter reaction times and in higher yields than they would do under conventional thermal conditions. A microwave reactor developed by Resonance Instrument Inc. (Model 520/521) and CEM (PETWave) has been used exclusively for the synthesis of radiolabeled agents for positron emission tomography by numerous groups throughout the world. In this study, we have developed a novel resonant-type microwave reactor powered by a solid-state device and confirmed that this system can focus microwave power on a small amount of reaction solution. Furthermore, we have demonstrated the rapid and facile radiosynthesis of 16α-[(18)F]fluoroestradiol, 4-[(18)F]fluoro-N-[2-(1-methoxyphenyl)-1-piperazinyl]ethyl-N-2-pyridinylbenzamide, and N-succinimidyl 4-[(18)F]fluorobenzoate using our newly developed microwave reactor.
Recent Advances in Understanding the Pathogenesis ofLawsonia intracellularisInfections (2014)

Proliferative enteropathy is an infectious disease caused by an obligate intracellular bacterium, Lawsonia intracellularis, and characterized by thickening of the intestinal epithelium due to enterocyte proliferation. The disease is endemic in swine herds and has been occasionally reported in various other species. Furthermore, outbreaks among foals began to be reported on breeding farms worldwide within the past 5 years. Cell proliferation is directly associated with bacterial infection and replication in the intestinal epithelium. As a result, mild to severe diarrhea is the major clinical sign described in infected animals. The dynamics of L. intracellularis infection in vitro and in vivo have been well characterized, but little is known about the genetic basis for the pathogenesis or ecology of this organism. The present review focuses on the recent advances regarding the pathogenesis and host-pathogen interaction of L. intracellularis infections.
Status of the AIAA Modeling and Simulation Format Standard (2008)

The current draft AIAA Standard for flight simulation models represents an on-going effort to improve the productivity of practitioners of the art of digital flight simulation (one of the original digital computer applications). This initial release provides the capability for the efficient representation and exchange of an aerodynamic model in full fidelity; the DAVE-ML format can be easily imported (with development of site-specific import tools) in an unambiguous way with automatic verification. An attractive feature of the standard is the ability to coexist with existing legacy software or tools. The draft Standard is currently limited in scope to static elements of dynamic flight simulations; however, these static elements represent the bulk of typical flight simulation mathematical models. It is already seeing application within U.S. and Australian government agencies in an effort to improve productivity and reduce model rehosting overhead. An existing tool allows import of DAVE-ML models into a popular simulation modeling and analysis tool, and other community-contributed tools and libraries can simplify the use of DAVE-ML compliant models at compile- or run-time of high-fidelity flight simulation.
Dose response of commercially available optically stimulated luminescent detector, AL2O3:C for megavoltage photons and electrons (2011)

This study examined the dose response of an optically stimulated luminescence dosemeter (OSLD) to megavoltage photon and electron beams. A nanoDot™ dosemeter was used to measure the dose response of the OSLD. Photons of 6-15 MV and electrons of 9-20 MeV were delivered by a Varian 21iX machine (Varian Medical System, Inc. Milpitas, CA, USA). The energy dependency was <1 %. For the 6-MV photons, the dose was linear until 200 cGy. The superficial dose measurements revealed photon irradiation to have an angular dependency. The nanoDot™ dosemeter has potential use as an in vivo dosimetric tool that is independent of the energy, has dose linearity and a rapid response compared with normal in vivo dosimetric tools, such as thermoluminescence detectors. However, the OSLD must be treated very carefully due to the high angular dependency of the photon beam.
Lipid II Induces a Transmembrane Orientation of the Pore-Forming Peptide Lantibiotic Nisin (2002)

Nisin is an antimicrobial peptide produced by Lactococcus lactis and used as a food preservative in dairy products. The peptide kills Gram-positive bacteria via the permeabilization of the membrane, most probably via pore formation using the cell wall precursor Lipid II as its docking molecule. In this study, site-directed tryptophan spectroscopy was used to determine the topology of nisin in the Lipid II containing membrane, as a start to elucidate the mechanism of targeted pore formation. Three single tryptophan mutants were used, which are viable representatives of the wild-type peptide. The emission spectra of tryptophans located at the N-terminus, the center, and the C-terminus as well as quenching by acrylamide and spin-labeled lipids were investigated using model membrane vesicles composed of DOPC containing 1 mol % Lipid II. Nisin was shown to adopt an orientation where the most probable position of the N-terminus was found to be near the Lipid II headgroup at the bilayer surface, the position of the center of nisin was in the middle of the phospholipid bilayer, and the C-terminus was located near the interface between the headgroups and acyl chain region. These results were used to propose a model for the orientation of nisin in Lipid II containing membranes. Our findings demonstrated that Lipid II changes the overall orientation of nisin in membranes from parallel to perpendicular with respect to the membrane surface. The stable transmembrane orientation of nisin in the presence of Lipid II might allow us to determine the structure of the nisin-Lipid II pores in the lipid bilayer.
Preparation of TEM Specimens From Highly Radioactive Materials (1985)

Intense radioactivity from nuclear materials such as irradiated UO 2 and high-level waste glass often makes it impractical to prepare specimens of these materials for transmission electron microscopy. This paper describes a technique that yields ion-milled TEM specimens of reasonably low total activity from highly radioactive materials. Finished specimens each consist of a 3 mm diameter annular support ring that contains a small particle of sample, typically 50 to 300 μm in diameter and 5 to 10 μm in thickness, in epoxy. Although the application to nuclear materials is highly specialized, the basic preparation method requires only readily obtained materials, the simple grinding jig shown in Fig. 1 and an ion micromill for final specimen thinning. The specimen preparation procedure is as follows: A 3 mm diameter washer, 0.15 mm in thickness with a 0.5 mm central hole, is placed over a 50 to 300 μm diameter particle on Parafilnn and the resulting well containing the particle is filled with epoxy.
Abstracts, Division of Biological Chemistry, 203rd National Meeting of the American Chemical Society, April 5 - 10, 1992 (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleAbstracts, Division of Biological Chemistry, 203rd National Meeting of the American Chemical Society, April 5 - 10, 1992Perry Frey, George Kenyon, Judith Klinman, and Gregory PetskoCite this: Biochemistry 1992, 31, 7, 2188–2210Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1992Publication History Published online27 October 2003Published inissue 1 February 1992https://doi.org/10.1021/bi00122a601RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views115Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (3 MB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Laminar and turbulent comparisons for channel flow and flow control (2007)

A formula is derived that shows exactly how much the discrepancy between the volume flux in laminar and in turbulent flow at the same pressure gradient increases as the pressure gradient is increased. We compare laminar and turbulent flows in channels with and without flow control. For the related problem of a fixed bulk-Reynolds-number flow, we seek the theoretical lowest bound for skin-friction drag for control schemes that use surface blowing and suction with zero-net volume-flux addition. For one such case, using a crossflow approach, we show that sustained drag below that of the laminar-Poiseuille-flow case is not possible. For more general control strategies we derive a criterion for achieving sublaminar drag and use this to consider the implications for control strategy design and the limitations at high Reynolds numbers.
Numerical Simulation of Fiber Suspension Flow between Parallel Plates. (1995)

Two-dimensional fiber suspension flow between parallel plates was simulated using the Dinh-Armstrong constitutive equation for semi-concentrated fiber suspensions. Sixth-order and fourth-order closure approximations were also evaluated. The velocity profile for the fiber suspension flow is flat compared with Newtonian flow, because the preferred angle for fibers is large in the channel center region, resulting in an increase in the local viscosity. The order parameter decreases and the preferred angle becomes large with increasing fiber concentration. The velocity field is accurately predicted by the equations with quadratic closure approximations used in this study, whereas the approximations do not provide satisfactory results for the orientation field. With respect to the order parameter, sixth-order closure approximation gives slightly less accurate predictions than fourth-order approximation.
Fine Mapping the Spatial Distribution and Concentration of Unlabeled Drugs within Tissue Micro-Compartments Using Imaging Mass Spectrometry (2010)

Readouts that define the physiological distributions of drugs in tissues are an unmet challenge and at best imprecise, but are needed in order to understand both the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties associated with efficacy. Here we demonstrate that it is feasible to follow the in vivo transport of unlabeled drugs within specific organ and tissue compartments on a platform that applies MALDI imaging mass spectrometry to tissue sections characterized with high definition histology. We have tracked and quantified the distribution of an inhaled reference compound, tiotropium, within the lungs of dosed rats, using systematic point by point MS and MS/MS sampling at 200 microm intervals. By comparing drug ion distribution patterns in adjacent tissue sections, we observed that within 15 min following exposure, tiotropium parent MS ions (mass-to-charge; m/z 392.1) and fragmented daughter MS/MS ions (m/z 170.1 and 152.1) were dispersed in a concentration gradient (80 fmol-5 pmol) away from the central airways into the lung parenchyma and pleura. These drug levels agreed well with amounts detected in lung compartments by chemical extraction. Moreover, the simultaneous global definition of molecular ion signatures localized within 2-D tissue space provides accurate assignment of ion identities within histological landmarks, providing context to dynamic biological processes occurring at sites of drug presence. Our results highlight an important emerging technology allowing specific high resolution identification of unlabeled drugs at sites of in vivo uptake and retention.
Reversible activation of human neutrophil calpain promoted by interaction with plasma membranes. (1985)

Human neutrophil calpain is a monomer of 85 kDa molecular weight. The proteinase shows an absolute requirement for Ca2+ with maximal catalytic activity at 0.1-0.2 mM Ca2+ and negligible activity at 1-5 microM Ca2+. At this concentration of Ca2+ neutrophil calpain becomes active and reaches 65% of its maximal catalytic activity following interaction with plasma membranes. The activation is fully reversible since the enzyme returns to its native, high Ca2+ requiring form following removal of the membranes. Membrane phospholipids appear to be the physiological compounds responsible for the promotion of such reversible activation. Unlike other Ca2+ dependent proteinases, neutrophil calpain does not undergo conversion to a low Ca2+ requiring form by limited autoproteolysis.
A pool-based active learning method for improving Farsi-English Machine Translation system (2012)

In this paper we try to alleviate the problem of scares resources for developing Farsi-English Statistical Machine Translation system (SMT). It is done by applying Active Learning (AL) idea to choose more informative sentences to be translated by a human and then be added to the base-line corpus. While using the human translations is worthless in compare to the other approaches of corpus gathering (like automatic approaches), it is more costly too. So, in this way we can improve the translation system with less cost. This is done in intricate to human translator. Applying Active learning idea to a SMT system, changes it to a system which can improve its based-line corpus by asking for the essential data which directly leads to the system improvement. On the other hand, combination of AL idea with SMT is a way of using source side monolingual resources for improving SMT systems which is ignored in the original theory of SMT. Our results for Farsi-English system shows improvement in compare to random sentence selection.
Shape‐mimetics of G‐protein‐coupled receptors in therapeutic drug design and screening (2004)

Abstract Cell surface receptors containing multiple transmembrane (TM) bundles have posed constraints for stable expression of soluble proteins by recombinant methods but created opportunities for synthesis by chemical approaches. The structural restraints imposed by the TM bundles form extracellular loops that can be mimicked by end‐to‐end cyclic peptides. In this paper, we describe an enabling technology that has been designed to exploit a chemical approach for development of cell surface receptor‐mimetics that couple with phage‐display library to obtain biologically active single‐chain antibodies (ScFvs) by an efficient screening method. This approach has been successful in the selection and purification of ScFvs against CCR5, a chemokine receptor critical to HIV infectivity, and holds promise for drug development against other G‐protein‐coupled receptors, including orphan receptors, as well as other receptor proteins anchored by multiple TM helices to the cell surface. Drug Dev. Res. 62:336–348, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Nonpalpable prostate cancer: detection with MR imaging. (1991)

The pathologic specimens and magnetic resonance (MR) images of 53 patients with clinically palpable prostate cancer confined to one lobe were studied to evaluate the ability of MR imaging to depict clinically nonpalpable prostate cancer. All patients had undergone imaging with a 1.5-T imager with T1- and T2-weighted sequences in both axial and sagittal planes before undergoing radical retropubic prostatectomy. At pathologic examination, only the palpable tumor was present in 30 of the 53 patients (57%), and 33 unsuspected tumors were present in an area distinct from the palpable tumor in 23 of the patients (43%). MR imaging successfully depicted 51 palpable tumors for a sensitivity of 96% and 19 of the 33 unsuspected tumors for a sensitivity of 58%. The sensitivity of MR imaging in the detection of nonpalpable, posteriorly located tumors was greater than for those located anteriorly (85% vs 15%). MR imaging was false-positive for nonpalpable tumor in 17 of 30 patients for a specificity of 43%. On the basis of these data, MR imaging has greater sensitivity in the depiction of posteriorly located cancer and is limited by a high false-positive rate in the depiction of nonpalpable tumors.
Design, synthesis and antifungal activity of 2-aryl-2, 3-dihydro-4H-1,3-benzothiazin-4-one derivatives (2012)

Objective To study the design,synthesis and antifungal activity of 2-aryl-2,3-dihydro-4H-1,3-benzothiazin-4-one derivatives and establish their preliminary SAR.Methods The target compounds were synthesized from anthranilic acid through diazotization,thionation reaction followed by chloronation,ammonolysis and condensation.The antifungal assay against eight isolates of fungi was carried out in vitro by two-fold dilution method,took fluoconazole and itroconazole as the control drugs.Results and Conclusions Twenty-four compounds were synthesized and characterized by 1H-NMR,ES-MS.Preliminary pharmacological results showed that all compounds displayed antifungal activities against the tested fungi in different levels,and exhibited better activity than that of control drugs against T.rubrum and Rhizopus.
New Experimental Equipment Recreating Geo-Reservoir Conditions in Large, Fractured, Porous Samples to Investigate Coupled Thermal, Hydraulic and Polyaxial Stress Processes (2018)

Use of the subsurface for energy resources (enhanced geothermal systems, conventional and unconventional hydrocarbons), or for storage of waste (CO<sub>2</sub>, radioactive), requires the prediction of how fluids and the fractured porous rock mass interact. The GREAT cell (Geo-Reservoir Experimental Analogue Technology) is designed to recreate subsurface conditions in the laboratory to a depth of 3.5 km on 200 mm diameter rock samples containing fracture networks, thereby enabling these predictions to be validated. The cell represents an important new development in experimental technology, uniquely creating a truly polyaxial rotatable stress field, facilitating fluid flow through samples, and employing state of the art fibre optic strain sensing, capable of thousands of detailed measurements per hour. The cell's mechanical and hydraulic operation is demonstrated by applying multiple continuous orientations of principal stress to a homogeneous benchmark sample, and to a fractured sample with a dipole borehole fluid fracture flow experiment, with backpressure. Sample strain for multiple stress orientations is compared to numerical simulations validating the operation of the cell. Fracture permeability as a function of the direction and magnitude of the stress field is presented. Such experiments were not possible to date using current state of the art geotechnical equipment.
Thermodynamic, electronic and structural properties of Cu/CeO $_2$2 surfaces and interfaces from first-principles DFT+U calculations (2010)

The thermodynamic, structural and electronic properties of Cu-CeO(2) (ceria) surfaces and interfaces are investigated by means of density functional theory (DFT+U) calculations. We focus on model systems consisting of Cu atoms (i) supported by stoichiometric and reduced CeO(2) (111) surfaces, (ii) dispersed as substitutional solid solution at the same surface, as well as on (iii) the extended Cu(111)/CeO(2)(111) interface. Extensive charge reorganization at the metal-oxide contact is predicted for ceria-supported Cu adatoms and nanoparticles, leading to Cu oxidation, ceria reduction, and interfacial Ce(3+) ions. The calculated thermodynamics predict that Cu adatoms on stoichiometric surfaces are more stable than on O vacancies of reduced surfaces at all temperatures and pressures relevant for catalytic applications, even in extremely reducing chemical environments. This suggests that supported Cu nanoparticles do not nucleate at surface O vacancies of the oxide, at variance with many other metal/ceria systems. In oxidizing conditions, the solid solutions are shown to be more stable than the supported systems. Substitutional Cu ions form characteristic CuO(4) units. These promote an easy and reversible O release without the reduction of Ce ions. The study of the extended CeO(2)(111)/Cu(111) interface predicts the full reduction of the interfacial ceria trilayer. Cu nanoparticles supported by ceria are proposed to lie above a subsurface layer of Ce(3+) ions that extends up to the perimeter of the metal-oxide interface.
IncHI plasmids, a dynamic link between resistance and pathogenicity (2008)

Plasmids of incompatibility group (Inc) HI1 are important vectors of antibiotic resistance in both of the major causal agents of enteric fever: Salmonella enterica subspecies enterica serovar Typhi and S. Paratyphi A. In S. Typhi, IncHI1 plasmids appeared in the 1970s and spread globally. In some circumstances they are maintained within the bacterial population even in the absence of selection from antibiotics. The low cost associated with IncH plasmids in Salmonella is due, in part, to the presence of a plasmid gene encoding an H-NS-like global regulator which acts co-operatively with chromosomally encoded H-NS. Very recently, IncHI1 plasmids have crossed from S. Typhi into S. Paratyphi A; the acquisition of drug resistance and possibly other phenotypic traits encoded by IncHI1 plasmids has increased the virulence potential of this neglected pathogen. There is no vaccine for S. Paratyphi A and resistance to the current drugs of choice, the fluoroquinolones, is also spreading rapidly. There is a conserved backbone to all IncH plasmids but variation occurs in regions of the plasmids associated with antibiotic resistance. These IncHI1 plasmids are allowing major human pathogens to sample genes available in their environment, the human gut, and will be maintained by enhancing the competitive advantage of the bacterial host. Therefore competition between closely related resistance plasmids will probably increase the transmission of enteric fever by enhancing the fitness of their bacterial hosts.
COMPLEX PERMITTIVITY OF CRUDE OILS AND SOLUTIONS OF HEAVY CRUDE OIL FRACTIONS (1998)

ABSTRACT Dielectric spectroscopy is considered as an interesting method for determination quality parameters like density, viscosity and interfacial properties of petroleum fluids. In this paper are the mechanisms important for the dielectric properties of crude oils studied for development of new charaterising methods.