gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The GPR55 agonist lysophosphatidylinositol directly activates intermediate-conductance Ca2+-activated K+ channels (2011)

Lysophosphatidylinositol (LPI) was recently shown to act both as an extracellular mediator binding to G protein-coupled receptor 55 (GPR55) and as an intracellular messenger directly affecting a number of ion channels including large-conductance Ca(2+) and voltage-gated potassium (BK(Ca)) channels. Here, we explored the effect of LPI on intermediate-conductance Ca(2+)-activated K(+) (IK(Ca)) channels using excised inside-out patches from endothelial cells. The functional expression of IK(Ca) was confirmed by the charybdotoxin- and TRAM-34-sensitive hyperpolarization to histamine and ATP. Moreover, the presence of single IK(Ca) channels with a slope conductance of 39 pS in symmetric K(+) gradient was directly confirmed in inside-out patches. When cytosolically applied in the range of concentrations of 0.3-10 μM, which are well below the herein determined critical micelle concentration of approximately 30 μM, LPI potentiated the IK(Ca) single-channel activity in a concentration-dependent manner, while single-channel current amplitude was not affected. In the whole-cell configuration, LPI in the pipette was found to facilitate membrane hyperpolarization in response to low (0.5 μM) histamine concentrations in a TRAM-34-sensitive manner. These results demonstrate a so far not-described receptor-independent effect of LPI on the IK(Ca) single-channel activity of endothelial cells, thus, highlighting LPI as a potent intracellular messenger capable of modulating electrical responses in the vasculature.
Equivalences and Separations Between Quantum and Classical Learnability (2004)

We consider quantum versions of two well-studied models of learning Boolean functions: Angluin's model of exact learning from membership queries and Valiant's probably approximately correct (PAC) model of learning from random examples. For each of these two learning models we establish a polynomial relationship between the number of quantum or classical queries required for learning. These results contrast known results that show that testing black-box functions for various properties, as opposed to learning, can require exponentially more classical queries than quantum queries. We also show that, under a widely held computational hardness assumption (the intractability of factoring Blum integers), there is a class of Boolean functions which is polynomial-time learnable in the quantum version but not the classical version of each learning model. For the model of exact learning from membership queries, we establish a stronger separation by showing that if any one-way function exists, then there is a class of functions which is polynomial-time learnable in the quantum setting but not in the classical setting. Thus, while quantum and classical learning are equally powerful from an information theory perspective, the models are different when viewed from a computational complexity perspective.
The Biology of Sulfated Oligosaccharides (1996)

The chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Sulfated Oligosaccharides of Luteinizing Hormone Sulfated Carbohydrates in Leukocyte Trafficking Sulfated Oligosaccharides of Unknown Function Conclusion and Future Prospects
Self-Assembly of Axially Functionalized Subphthalocyanines in Thin Films (2015)

The addition of trialkoxylbenzyloxyl substituents at the axial position of conformationally nonplanar SubPc promotes its solid-state self-assembly. Unlike prior SubPc derivatives, photophysical studies suggest the presence of intermolecular electronic coupling between neighboring cores of SubPc derivatives, the strength of which depends on both the electronic nature of the core—which we tune through fluorination—and the extent of van der Waals interactions originating from the alkyl side chains on the trialkoxylbenzyloxyl tail. Modulating the relative strength of core–core and van der Waals interactions introduces morphological richness and provides access to liquid crystalline hexagonal and smectic phases. When core–core interactions are strong, thin films of SubPc spontaneously adopt a highly crystalline lamellar structure in the solid state. Thin films of trialkoxylbenzyloxyl-substituted SubPcs thus support efficient energy and charge transfer given their intermolecular electronic communication and long-range order.
Ketogenic dietary therapies for epilepsy and beyond (2019)

The ketogenic diet is a versatile therapy, with growing clinical evidence and guidelines, widely used for the treatment of epilepsy. New indications include status epilepticus and neurological conditions other than epilepsy.
A model predictive control approach to reducing low order harmonics in grid inverters with LCL filters (2013)

Control of grid inverters aims to meet two challenging objectives: zero steady-state tracking offset in the grid current to achieve a high power factor, and attenuation of the inverter and grid harmonics to respect the limits imposed on the current harmonics injected into the grid. This paper proposes an observer-based model predictive control approach to meet these control objectives for single and three-phase grid inverters with LCL filters. A Kalman-filter based observer design is used to estimate the system states and harmonic disturbances based on the grid current measurement. A model predictive control scheme is employed to achieve offset-free reference tracking for the grid current, and rejection of low frequency harmonics. The scheme features not only rejection of grid voltage harmonics, but also rejection of low frequency inverter distortion caused, for example, by nonlinear filter inductances. The effectiveness of the scheme is demonstrated in simulation.
Tobacco exposure inhibits SPLUNC1-dependent antimicrobial activity (2019)

These data suggest that cigarette and little cigar exposure impairs SPLUNC1's antimicrobial ability and that this inhibition may serve as a novel biomarker of harm that can be used to assess the toxicity of commercial tobacco products.
1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 stimulates adipocyte differentiation in cultures of fetal rat calvaria cells: comparison with the effects of dexamethasone. (1994)

Progenitor cells for several mesenchymally derived cell types exist within freshly isolated fetal rat calvaria (RC) cell populations. We have characterized the effects of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1,25-(OH)2D3] on the differentiation of adipocytes from primary RC cells and compared these effects with those of dexamethasone (Dex). RC cells were plated at 3 x 10(4)/35-mm dish, and cultures were maintained for 14-19 days in alpha-Minimum Essential Medium containing 10% fetal bovine serum, 50 micrograms/ml ascorbic acid, 10 mM Na beta-glycerophosphate, and 0.1-100 nM 1,25-(OH)2D3 or 1-1000 nM Dex. Morphological (quantitation of adipocyte foci number and area after staining cultures with Sudan IV) and biochemical (glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase activity) methods of assessing adipogenesis were used. In the presence of 1,25-(OH)2D3, adipocyte foci developed about 3 days after confluency as clusters of rounded or stellate cells. Stimulation of adipocyte foci development was dose dependent from 0.1-100 nM and was maximal with 10 nM 1,25-(OH)2D3; half-maximal stimulation occurred at about 1 nM. The presence of ascorbic acid and beta-glycerophosphate was not required for 1,25-(OH)2D3-induced stimulation of adipocytes, but both significantly increased the number of adipocyte foci in the presence of 1,25-(OH)2D3. The critical period for initiation of adipocyte differentiation with 1,25-(OH)2D3 was between 1-9 days, and once committed along the adipogenic pathway, adipocytes maintained their differentiated state in the absence of 1,25-(OH)2D3. Short term (48-h) pulses of 1,25-(OH)2D3 resulted in slight, but significant, increases in adipocyte formation. Other vitamin D3 metabolites were less effective than 1,25-(OH)2D3 in stimulating adipocyte differentiation. Dex (1-100 nM) also caused a dose-dependent increase in the differentiation of adipocyte foci in RC cell cultures. The adipocyte foci that developed in the presence of Dex frequently appeared earlier in culture, i.e. when cells reached confluency on days 6-7, and were more diffuse than those forming with 1,25-(OH)2D3. The stimulation of adipocyte differentiation by 1,25-(OH)2D3, however, was greater than that by Dex in mixed RC II-V cells. The combined effects of 1,25-(OH)2D3 and Dex were additive at low concentrations and synergistic at higher concentrations of either 1,25-(OH)2D3 or Dex. The data show that bone cell populations isolated from fetal RC contain adipocyte progenitors and that 1,25-(OH)2D3 as well as Dex are potent regulators of adipocyte differentiation within these bone cell populations.
Two isotypes of murine nm23/nucleoside diphosphate kinase, nm23-M1 and nm23-M2, are involved in metastatic suppression of a murine melanoma line. (1995)

A series of sublines of a murine melanoma B16 of C57BL/6 origin were established and examined regarding their metastatic capacity and expression of nm23. The number of pulmonary metastases developed by these sublines was inversely correlated with the expression of two isotypes of nm23, nm23-M1 and nm23-M2. The cDNAs of nm23-M1, nm23-M2, and a combination of both were transfected into the highly metastatic melanoma subline FE7, with low nm23 expression. FE7 transfectants of any of these cDNAs expressed transfected genes, and their metastatic capacity was suppressed when compared with parental FE7 or FE7 transfected with a control neo gene. These cell lines, however, did not change in terms of in vitro growth in the presence of 3 or 10% fetal bovine serum and in vivo growth when injected s.c. into C57BL/6-nu/nu mice. Similar experiments were also performed using FE7 transfectants of human nm23 genes. Transfectants of nm23-H1, nm23-H2, and their combination did not present altered metastatic potential. These findings indicated that two murine isotypes of nm23 but not those of humans are intimately related with the suppression of metastasis in the murine body.
Use of Venom Peptides to Probe Ion Channel Structure and Function (2010)

Venoms of snakes, scorpions, spiders, insects, sea anemones, and cone snails are complex mixtures of mostly peptides and small proteins that have evolved for prey capture and/or defense. These deadly animals have long fascinated scientists and the public. Early studies isolated lethal components in the search for cures and understanding of their mechanisms of action. Ion channels have emerged as targets for many venom peptides, providing researchers highly selective and potent molecular probes that have proved invaluable in unraveling ion channel structure and function. This minireview highlights molecular details of their toxin-receptor interactions and opportunities for development of peptide therapeutics.
Promotion and synchronization of cereal grain germination by osmotic pretreatment with polyethylene glycol (1977)

Summary The effects of osmotic pretreatments were tested on the germination responses of oat and wheat grains. Temperature and duration of the pretreatment with polyethylene glycol (PEG) at two osmotic potentials (OP) were the experimental variables. The rate and synchronization of germination at 5–25 °C were significantly improved in both species by osmotic pretreatments compared with untreated controls. Maximum promotive effects were obtained after pretreatment periods of 6 and 4 days at – 10 bars at 5 and 10 °C respectively, and after 3 days at – 20 bars at 25 °C. Rapid and synchronized germination of seeds may be of advantage by minimizing their exposure to environmental hazards at early stages following imbibition and by allowing more favorable competition with other fast-germinating and growing species.
Development of distortion product otoacoustic emissions in C57BL/6J mice (2009)

Distortion product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAEs) have been used to examine the development of hearing in the rat and gerbil. However, no reports of DPOAE measurement from the onset of hearing in mice are available. Commercially-available components were assembled and adapted to provide a suitable probe microphone and sound delivery system for measuring DPOAE in developing C57BL/6J mice. Furthermore, DPOAE data were compared with the findings of the auditory brainstem response (ABR). DPOAEs were obtained at 8 kHz from 11 days after birth, 20 kHz from 12 days, and 30 kHz from 13 days. Adult-like patterns of DPOAE were obtained 21 days at 8 and 20 kHz, and 28 days at 30 kHz. On the other hand, the ABR thresholds at 12 to 36 kHz appeared between 11 and 12 days and were saturated at 14 days. Based on these data, the onset of measureable DPOAEs in the mouse were earlier than in the rat and gerbil. The maturation of DPOAE in the mouse begins at a lower frequency in the high frequency range. In addition, the ABR threshold reached maturation earlier than DPOAE.
Effect of the Sputtering Deposition Conditions on the Crystallinity of High-Temperature Annealed AlN Films (2021)

Face-to-face annealed sputter-deposited aluminum nitride (AlN) templates (FFA Sp-AlN) are a promising material for application in deep-ultraviolet light-emitting diodes (DUV-LEDs), whose performance is directly related to the crystallinity of the AlN film. However, the influence of the sputtering conditions and annealing on the crystallinity of AlN films have not yet been comprehensively studied. Accordingly, in this study, we fabricate AlN films on sapphire substrates through sputtering deposition followed by face-to-face high-temperature annealing, and investigate the influence of the sputtering conditions, such as the sputtering gas species and chamber pressure, on the crystallinity of the AlN films before and after annealing. The results revealed that reducing the amount of Ar in the sputtering gas significantly enhances the c-axis oriented growth during the initial stages of sputtering deposition and mitigates the tilt disorder of the layer deposited on the initial layer, resulting in low threading dislocation densities (TDDs) in the annealed AlN films. Decreasing the chamber pressure also effectively improves the crystallinity of the annealed AlN films. Thus, although high-temperature annealing can reduce the TDDs in AlN films, the properties of the as-sputtered AlN films have a significant effect on the crystallinity of FFA Sp-AlN films.
Supplementary Materials and Methods, Figure Legends 1-7, Table 1 Legend from Arrest Defective 1 Autoacetylation Is a Critical Step in Its Ability to Stimulate Cancer Cell Proliferation (2023)

Supplementary Materials and Methods, Figure Legends 1-7, Table 1 Legend from Arrest Defective 1 Autoacetylation Is a Critical Step in Its Ability to Stimulate Cancer Cell Proliferation
Absence of cell surface expression of human ACE leads to perinatal death (2013)

Renal tubular dysgenesis (RTD) is a recessive autosomal disease characterized most often by perinatal death. It is due to the inactivation of any of the major genes of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS), one of which is the angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE). ACE is present as a tissue-bound enzyme and circulates in plasma after its solubilization. In this report, we present the effect of different ACE mutations associated with RTD on ACE intracellular trafficking, secretion and enzymatic activity. One truncated mutant, R762X, responsible for neonatal death was found to be an enzymatically active, secreted form, not inserted in the plasma membrane. In contrast, another mutant, R1180P, was compatible with life after transient neonatal renal insufficiency. This mutant was located at the plasma membrane and rapidly secreted. These results highlight the importance of tissue-bound ACE versus circulating ACE and show that the total absence of cell surface expression of ACE is incompatible with life. In addition, two missense mutants (W594R and R828H) and two truncated mutants (Q1136X and G1145AX) were also studied. These mutants were neither inserted in the plasma membrane nor secreted. Finally, the structural implications of these ACE mutations were examined by molecular modelling, which suggested some important structural alterations such as disruption of intra-molecular non-covalent interactions (e.g. salt bridges).
<title>High-average-power picosecond-pulse excimer laser system for x-ray generation</title> (1997)

A high average power, picosecond pulse XeCl excimer laser system has been demonstrated. By using spatial filtering of the XeCl preamplifier, and by forming pulse bursts of 16 pulses with 2-ns pulse spacing, amplified spontaneous emission has been successfully suppressed in the output of the final amplifier stage. On average, each pulse in the burst is amplified to a level of 15 mJ, corresponding to approximately twice the saturation fluence for XeCl. Peak power in the picosecond pulses is 1.5 GW at 10 ps pulse duration, and the average power of the system is 68 W at 300 Hz burst repetition rate. These pulse bursts have been focused on a copper tape target to generate a laser-produced plasma which emits an x-ray power of 2 W into 2(pi) steradian solid angle, in a spectral band from 9-13 angstrom.
Atomistic Theory of Thermally Activated Magnetization Processes in Nd<sub>2</sub>Fe<sub>14</sub>B Permanent Magnet (2022)

For the practical use of magnets, particularly at high temperatures, the temperature dependence of magnetic properties is an important ingredient. To study the temperature dependence, methods of treating the thermal fluctuation causing the so-called activation phenomena must be established. To study finite-temperature properties quantitatively, we need atomistic energy information to calculate the canonical distribution. In the present review, we report our recent studies on the thermal properties of the Nd2Fe14B magnet and the methods of studying them. We first propose an atomistic Hamiltonian and show various thermodynamic properties, e.g., the temperature dependences of the magnetization showing a spin reorientation transition, the magnetic anisotropy energy, the domain wall profiles, the anisotropy of the exchange stiffness constant, and the spectrum of ferromagnetic resonance. The effects of the dipole-dipole interaction (DDI) in large grains are also presented. In addition to these equilibrium properties, we also study coercivity, which is the most important issue for magnets. The temperature dependence of the coercivity of a single grain was studied using the stochastic Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert equation and also by the analysis of the free energy landscape, which was obtained by Monte Carlo simulation. It was found that the upper limit of coercivity at room temperature is about 3 T, which is significantly lower than the so-called theoretical coercivity given by a simple coherent rotation model. The coercivity of a polycrystalline magnet, i.e., an ensemble of grains, is expected to be reduced further by the effects of the grain boundary phase, which is also studied. Surface nucleation is a key ingredient in the domain wall depinning process. Finally, we study the effect of DDI among grains and also discuss the distribution of properties of grains from the viewpoint of first order reversal curve.
Cover Picture: An Improved Ruthenium Catalyst for the Environmentally Benign Amination of Primary and Secondary Alcohols (Chem. Asian J. 3/2007) (2007)

Like a mountain pass novel ruthenium catalysts allow direct access to secondary amines from alcohols. The dehydrogenation–condensation–hydrogenation reaction sequence proceeds smoothly with an [Ru 3 (CO) 12 ] and N‐phenyl‐2‐(dicyclohexylphosphanyl)pyrrole combination catalyst generated in situ. This highly atom‐economical reaction is an environmentally attractive method for the synthesis of secondary amines. In their Full Paper on page 403 ff., M. Beller and co‐workers present a comprehensive study of the ruthenium‐catalyzed amination reaction. (Picture: “Valley of the Winds—Kata Tjuta” © Dirk Hollmann, 2005.)
Using the inverse Chirp-Z transform for time-domain analysis of simulated radar signals (1995)

There exists a need to develop a method to locate underground voids, or caches. In the past, ground penetrating radar (GPR) operating in the time domain mode has been used. In this paper, we turn our attention to stepped frequency radar, capable of making frequency domain reflection coefficient measurements. We then apply the inverse Chirp-Z transform (ICZT) to this data, generating a time domain response. The scenario under consideration is that of an airborne radar passing over the surface of the earth. The radar is directed toward the surface and is capable of measuring the reflection coefficient, seen looking toward the earth, as a function of frequency. The frequency domain -data in this work is simulated and is generated from a transmission line model of the problem. Using the ICZT we convert this frequency domain data to the time domain. Once in the time domain, reflections due to discontinuities appear at times indicating their relative distance from the source. The discontinuities occurring beyond the surface of the earth could be indicative of underground structures. The ICZT allows a person to zoom in on the time span of interest by specifying the starting time, the time resolution, and the number of time steps.
MultOpt++: a fast regression-based model for the constraint violation fraction due to composition uncertainties (2018)

Abstract MultOpt++ is a an alloy design tool based on numerical optimization. The concept is similar to approaches in the literature termed ‘Alloy by design’ and usually dealing with multi-objective optimization problem resulting in a Pareto front with a set of optimal compositions. Unpreventable scattering of element concentrations during the alloy production process causes property deviations of an optimal alloy composition resulting in unfeasible solutions. The violation fractions of such compositions should be taken into account during the optimization process to be able to determine optimal and feasible alloys. Established models for violation fractions require a high computational effort due to a high number of necessary calculations. In this work, we derive a fast model for the constraint violation fraction based on a regression analysis of the mean variation width of alloy properties. We apply this model to nickel-base superalloy properties predicted with the CALPHAD approach. The model allows to select alloys with a lower violation fraction of targeted constraints.
EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON MATHEMATICAL MODEL FOR SHADING COEFFICIENT OF SUNLIT WINDOWS WITH VENETIAN BLINDS (2000)

This paper discribed the new heat transfer mathematical model created to represent the convective heat transfer of solar radiation from a sunlit window with Venetian room blinds. For the calculation of convective conponent of solar heat gain from a sunlit window, stack effect was introduced to the heat transfer mathematical model. This model was experimentally verified using acutual values measured with the test apparatus. As a result, convective component and shading coefficients that were measured agreed with calculated one and the effectivenes of the model was shown. The relationships between shading coefficients and slat reflectance, incident solar radiation and incident angle were shown by this model.