gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Inhibition of 11β-HSD1 Expression by Insulin in Skin: Impact for Diabetic Wound Healing (2020)

Chronic, non-healing wounds impose a great burden on patients, professionals and health care systems worldwide. Diabetes mellitus (DM) and obesity are globally highly prevalent metabolic disorders and increase the risk for developing chronic wounds. Glucocorticoids (GCs) are endogenous stress hormones that exert profound effects on inflammation and repair systems. 11-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 1 (11β-HSD1) is the key enzyme which controls local GC availability in target tissues such as skin. Since treatment with GCs has detrimental side effects on skin integrity, causing atrophy and delayed wound healing, we asked whether the dysregulated expression of 11β-HSD1 and consequently local GC levels in skin contribute to delayed wound healing in obese, diabetic db/db mice. We found increased expression of 11β-HSD1 during disturbed wound healing and in the healthy skin of obese, diabetic db/db mice. Cell analysis revealed increased expression of 11β-HSD1 in fibroblasts, myeloid cells and dermal white adipose tissue from db/db mice, while expression in keratinocytes was unaffected. Among diabetes- and obesity-related factors, insulin and insulin-like growth factor 1 down-regulated 11β-HSD1 expression in fibroblasts and myeloid cells, while glucose, fatty acids, TNF-α and IL-1β did not affect it. Insulin exerted its inhibitory effect on 11β-HSD1 expression by activating PI3-kinase/Akt-signalling. Consequently, the inhibitory effect of insulin is attenuated in fibroblasts from insulin-resistant db/db mice. We conclude that insulin resistance in obesity and diabetes prevents the down-regulation of 11β-HSD1, leading to elevated endogenous GC levels in diabetic skin, which could contribute to impaired wound healing in patients with DM.
Optimization Of PVDF-TrFE Processing Conditions For The Fabrication Of Organic MEMS Resonators (2016)

This paper reports a systematic optimization of processing conditions of PVDF-TrFE piezoelectric thin films, used as integrated transducers in organic MEMS resonators. Indeed, despite data on electromechanical properties of PVDF found in the literature, optimized processing conditions that lead to these properties remain only partially described. In this work, a rigorous optimization of parameters enabling state-of-the-art piezoelectric properties of PVDF-TrFE thin films has been performed via the evaluation of the actuation performance of MEMS resonators. Conditions such as annealing duration, poling field and poling duration have been optimized and repeatability of the process has been demonstrated.
Synthesis of large surface area MnOx-CeO2 using CTA and its catalytic activity for soot combustion (2008)

Large surface area (n)MnOx-(1-n)CeO2 (0≤n≤1) catalysts were synthesized using a hybrid organic/inorganic route and characterized by XRD, N2 adsorption and catalytic test. The addition of aqueous ammonia to mixed solutions of cerium and manganese nitrates in the presence of CTAB (cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide) yielded gelatinous hydrous Ce-Mn oxide/CTA composites (MnCeCTA). As calcined MnOx-CeO2 (n=0.25, 450°C) exhibited a largest surface area of 223 m2/g, which is quite larger than 80 m2/g for the corresponding oxide prepared from conventional co-precipitation route (MnCeCP). As synthesized MnOx-CeO2 catalysts were tested for soot oxidation by O2. The catalytic activity of MnCeCP was highest at n=0.25-0.5, whereas the catalytic activity of MnCeCTA was lower and increased monotonically with an increase of the Mn content (n). The different catalytic behavior seems to be associated with the activity of surface oxygens and lower oxidation state of MnCeCTA.
Evolution and developments in autonomic control of the heart II: therapeutical interventions (2016)

Abstract In this chapter, the focus is on electrical neuromodulation modalities stimulating the heart for a variety of cardiac diseases. Electrical neuromodulation can be performed through stimulation (or blocking/ablation) of the stellate ganglion, transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS), SCS, sub-cutaneous electrical stimulation (SENS), and vagal nerve stimulation (VNS). To date, an increase in research effort in the field of cardiology is directed onto the autonomic nervous system and its role in myocardial ischaemia, arrhythmias, and heart failure. Modulation of these three components will be further discussed in this chapter.
Turning Coacervates into Biohybrid Glass: Core/Shell Capsules Formed by Silica Precipitation in Protein/Polysaccharide Scaffolds (2013)

Kern-Schale-Biohybridkapseln (siehe Bild), die flüchtige Verbindungen verkapseln können, entstehen durch Fällung von amorphem Siliciumdioxid in einem Protein-Polyanion-Koazervatgerüst. Dieses Gerüst gibt der Kapselhülle ihre endgültige Form und Struktur und stellt eine acide Mikroumgebung bereit, in der die Hydrolyse und Kondensation flüssiger Siliciumdioxidvorstufen lokal induziert werden können.
CCR8 Expression Defines Tissue-Resident Memory T Cells in Human Skin (2018)

Human skin harbors two major T cell compartments of equal size that are distinguished by expression of the chemokine receptor CCR8. In vitro studies have demonstrated that CCR8 expression is regulated by TCR engagement and the skin tissue microenvironment. To extend these observations, we examined the relationship between CCR8<sup>+</sup> and CCR8<sup>-</sup> skin T cells in vivo. Phenotypic, functional, and transcriptomic analyses revealed that CCR8<sup>+</sup> skin T cells bear all the hallmarks of resident memory T cells, including homeostatic proliferation in response to IL-7 and IL-15, surface expression of tissue localization (CD103) and retention (CD69) markers, low levels of inhibitory receptors (programmed cell death protein 1, Tim-3, LAG-3), and a lack of senescence markers (CD57, killer cell lectin-like receptor subfamily G member 1). In contrast, CCR8<sup>-</sup> skin T cells are heterogeneous and comprise variable numbers of exhausted (programmed cell death protein 1<sup>+</sup>), senescent (CD57<sup>+</sup>, killer cell lectin-like receptor subfamily G member 1<sup>+</sup>), and effector (T-bet<sup>hi</sup>, Eomes<sup>hi</sup>) T cells. Importantly, conventional and high-throughput sequencing of expressed TCR β-chain (<i>TRB</i>) gene rearrangements showed that these CCR8-defined populations are clonotypically distinct, suggesting unique ontogenies in response to separate antigenic challenges and/or stimulatory conditions. Moreover, CCR8<sup>+</sup> and CCR8<sup>-</sup> skin T cells were phenotypically stable in vitro and displayed similar levels of telomere erosion, further supporting the likelihood of a nonlinear differentiation pathway. On the basis of these results, we propose that long-lived memory T cells in human skin can be defined by the expression of CCR8.
Optimal energy thresholds and weights for separating materials using photon counting x-ray detectors with energy discriminating capabilities (2009)

It is well known that decomposing an object into attenuation or material basis functions provides additional imaging benefits such as contrast enhancement or material subtraction. This can be accomplished with photon counting x-ray detectors (PCXDs) with energy discriminating capabilities, which enable us to count x-ray photons and classify them based on their energies. The richness of the information contained in these measurements can depend heavily on how these photons are binned together. In this paper, our goal is to identify a method that yields the optimal energy thresholds and/or weights for binning data from energy discriminating PCXDs. Additional energy information from these PCXDs allows us to use maximum-likelihood to estimate the amount of the basis materials penetrated by the beam. However, due to inherent quantum noise, these estimates are themselves noisy. We show that for PCXDs that discriminate between low and high energy photons, it is beneficial to have a gap between the thresholds. Photons with energies that fall into this gap should either be discarded or counted separately to improve material separability. Furthermore, if the PCXD can discern the energy of each photon, we show that when estimating the amount of each of two material basis functions, two appropriately weighted sums of the photon counts provide as much information as knowing the number of counts at each energy.
Molecular detection methods developed for a systemic rickettsia-like bacterium (RLB) in Penaeus monodon (Decapoda: Crustacea) (2003)

Molecular detection methods were developed to aid in the diagnosis of a rickettsia-like bacterium (RLB) which caused severe mortalities of farm-raised Penaeus monodon in Madagascar. Using primers derived from the 16S rRNA gene of bacteria, a PCR assay was optimized to amplify this region of the genome of the RLB, using extracted DNA from infected P. monodon tissue as the template. The resulting amplified PCR product was sequenced and 2 novel primers were selected from the variable region of the gene. These primers amplified a 532 bp fragment of DNA originating from the rickettsia-infected samples. The PCR assay was optimized and tested on DNA extracted from specific pathogen-free (SPF) P. vannamei tissue and several other strains of bacteria. The PCR assay with the rickettsia-specific primers was specific for this RLB and did not amplify the other DNA samples tested. The 532 bp PCR-amplified fragment was labeled with digoxigenin (DIG) for in situ hybridization assays. This probe was tested on SPF, RLB and bacteria-infected shrimp specimens preserved in Davidson's fixative. The probe was specific for both natural and experimental rickettsial infections. Hybridization with this probe required a stringent temperature of 65C, otherwise cross-reactivity was observed with other types of bacteria.
Manipulation and Observation of Carbon Nanotubes in Water Under an Optical Microscope Using a Microfluidic Chip (2009)

We successfully manipulated and observed carbon nanotubes (CNTs) in water, under an optical microscope. We employed a quenching observation method, where the intensity of fluorescent reagents around CNTs is decreased due to energy transfer. By this method, CNTs can be observed continuously for a long time by adding a new fluorescent reagent after fluorescence photobleaching. However, we must adjust the density of the fluorescent reagent around CNTs, which is extremely difficult to control. Thus, we built a fluorescent reagent supply system in a microfluidic chip. We found that polydimethylsiloxane with a porous structure could absorb the fluorescent reagent as a carrier and supply the reagent at a high and constant density for a long time. In experiments, using a microstirrer, we mixed two fluids uniformly, and succeeded in controlling the density of the fluorescent reagent. In addition, we applied dielectrophoretic (DEP) force for trapping the CNTs. The electrode material was indium-tin oxide, which is suitable for manipulation and observation of CNTs under an optical microscope because of its high conductive properties and good transparency. In these experiments, we trapped CNTs by DEP and observed CNTs by quenching on the chip, and confirmed that the fluorescent image of the CNTs was clearer than their bright-field images.
Asymmetric Transfer Hydrogenation of Ketimines Using Well-Defined Iron(II)-Based Precatalysts Containing a PNNP Ligand (2012)

Well-defined iron(II)-based complexes containing PNNP ligands catalyze a highly enantioselective reduction of N-(diphenylphosphinoyl)- and N-(p-tolylsulphonyl)-ketimines. Under mild conditions and low catalyst loading, the ketimines are successfully reduced to the corresponding amines in enantiomeric excess ranging from 94 to 99%.
Study of irreversible thermochromic ink application on textiles (2009)

In the development of new products or new applications of known products, investigations have to be carried out
concerning the choice of the kind of thermochromic matter, support, application form, concerning the evolution of colour change and stability versus imposed external parameters. The present paper studies the application of an irreversible thermochromic ink for the development of new high added value textiles, which may be prone to
applications such as plasma treatments at low pressure. The optimum application conditions of the ink and the best colour response on different fabrics was investigated. Progressive heating of the fabrics produced increasingly more intense magenta colour which was studied by spectrophotometry. The different results obtained were discussed in terms of the interactions between chemical groups of the fibres and those of the binder of the ink
formulation. The combined effect of low pressures and high temperatures was investigated, revealing that only very thin layers of the ink paste on the textile substrates are appropriate for such applications.
Effect of hypertonic conditions on protein synthesis in cells productively infected with simian virus 40 (1975)

Hypertonic medium selectively suppressed the synthesis of most host cell polypeptides relative to the synthesis of simian virus 40 capsid polypeptides and a minority of cellular polypeptides, notably histones. Under optimal hypertonic conditions, the synthesis of the major capsid polypeptide (VP1) is enhanced about sevenfold relative to host polypeptide synthesis. Because of the small amounts of the other nonhistone capsid polypeptides (VP2) and VP3) present in cell lysates, it was difficult to quantitate the extent, if any, of their enhancement. The maintenance of the restricted pattern of protein synthesis caused by hypertonic medium was dependent on continual peptide chain initiations. The resistance of viral protein synthesis to hypertonic conditions provides a means of detecting relatively low levels of intracellular viral protein synthesis. Analysis of the specific activity of the acid-soluble [3H]lysine pool indicated that the rate of incorporation of [3H]lysine into protein was an overestimation of the actual rate of overall protein synthesis occurring in cells exposed to hypertonic as compared to isotonic conditions. Since it is likely that both cellular and viral protein synthesis draw lysine from a single pool, this change in pool specific activity does not affect the analysis of relative rates of protein synthesis at a given level of tonicity.
Stealth Communication (SC) for 5G/6G Wireless to ensure spectral efficiency and privacy/cybersecurity (2021)

This paper presents a review on the state-of-the-art of “Stealth Communication” (SC), focused on potential applications in 5G/6G. SC is a new wireless system aimed at enhancing spectral efficiency and cybersecurity/privacy based on employing Ultra-Wide-Band (UWB) RF signals that mimic noises in wave form and below-noise-level at the receiver frontend. For 5G/6G applications, Same Frequency (SF) Simultaneous Transmit and Receive (STAR) operating bandwidth covering 400 MHz to 11 GHz, and their Technology Readiness Level, are discussed. Implementation of SC in 5G/6G, held back so far by high costs and Covid-19, should be able to gain enough momentum under the thrusts of rising cyber attacks in 2021.
Determination and Source Apportionment of Five Classes of Steroid Hormones in Urban Rivers (2009)

We developed an original analytical method for monitoring five estrogens, nine androgens, nine progestogens, six glucocorticoids, and one mineralocorticoid in one water sample using liquid chromatography-electrospray tandem mass spectrometry, and then 45 river, 13 discharging sites, and 4 composite effluent samples were analyzed to reveal their occurrence and sources in urban rivers. Of the 45 river samples, androgens were the dominant steroids detected (total concentrations up to 480 ng/L), followed by glucocorticoids (up to 52 ng/L), progestogens (up to 50 ng/L, and estrogens (up to 9.8 ng/L). The summed concentration for each class of detected hormones in 13 discharging site samples was higher than that in river samples, up to 1887 ng/L for androgens, 390 ng/L for glucocorticoids, 75 ng/L for progestogens, and 25 ng/L for estrogens. A principal component analyses with multiple linear regression based on the profiles of all target compounds was applied to identify the source apportionment and to predict the contribution from different sources. It was found that 62.7% of the mean summed hormones were contributed by freshly discharged untreated sewage, 29.4% by treated sewage and/or naturally attenuated untreated sewage, and 7.9% by an unknown source, possibly pharmaceutical manufacturing plants.
Genetics of Eosinophilic Esophagitis (2012)

Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is a chronic, allergic disease associated with marked mucosal eosinophil accumulation.EoE disease risk is multifactorial and includes environmental and genetic factors.This review will focus on the contribution of genetic variation to EoE risk, as well as the experimental tools and statistical methodology used to identify EoE risk loci.Specific disease-risk loci that are shared between EoE and other allergic diseases (TSLP, LRRC32) or unique to EoE (CAPN14), as well as Mendellian Disorders associated with EoE, will be reviewed in the context of the insight that they provide into the molecular pathoetiology of EoE.We will also discuss the clinical opportunities that genetic analyses provide in the form of decision support tools, molecular diagnostics, and novel therapeutic approaches.
Chance and design in proinsecticide discovery (2016)

Many insecticides are inactive on their target sites in the form that is sold and applied, needing first to be bioactivated. This proinsecticide strategy has often been achieved by design, through systematic derivatization of intrinsically active molecules with protecting groups that mask their toxic effects until their selective removal in target insects by metabolic enzymes generates the toxiphore. Proinsecticides can be designed to gain selectivity between target and non-target organisms, or to improve bioavailability by enhancing plant or insect uptake. In most cases, however, chance trumps design in proinsecticide discovery: most first-in-class products that we now know to be proinsecticides were only discovered a posteriori to be such, often after having been on the market for years. Knowing the active form of an insecticide is essential to mode of action identification, and early mode of action studies on novel chemotypes should take into account the possibility that the compounds might be proinsecticides. This paper reviews examples of proinsecticides in the marketplace, strategies for making proinsecticides and techniques for unmasking proinsecticides in mode of action studies. Our analysis of global agrochemical sales data shows that 34% of the dollar value of crop insecticides used in 2015 were proinsecticides. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry.
RPE65-associated inherited retinal diseases: consensus recommendations for eligibility to gene therapy (2021)

Consensus guidelines were developed to guide paediatricians and general ophthalmologists to arrive at the correct diagnosis of RPE65-associated IRD and make informed clinical decisions regarding eligibility for a gene therapy approach to RPE65-associated IRD. The guidelines aim to ensure the best outcome for the patient, based on expert opinion, the published literature, and practical experience in the field of IRDs.
Admixture Effects on Hot-Weather Concrete (2002)

Concreting in hot weather has been frequently addressed in Israeli research. This paper summaries several studies concerning the effects of admixtures and supplementary cementitious materials on fresh concrete properties. Topics addressed include: the effect of retarders and fly ash on slump loss; the usefulness of retempering for long haul periods and extreme weather conditions; and the effect of environmental factors, retarders, cement and mineral admixtures and water content on plastic shrinkage. The cited research suggests that the use of admixtures and supplementary cementitious materials can be beneficial during hot weather concreting.
Laser-driven neutron source and nuclear resonance absorption imaging atILE, Osaka University: review (2022)

Here, we present an overview on the recent progress in the development of the laser-driven neutron source (LDNS) and nuclear resonance absorption (NRA) imaging at the Institute of Laser Engineering (ILE), Osaka University. The LDNS is unique because the number of neutrons per micro pulse is very large, and the source size and the pulse width are small. Consequently, extensive research and development of LDNSs is going on around the world. In this paper, a typical neutron generation process by the laser-driven ion beam, called the pitcher–catcher scheme, is described. The characteristics of the LDNS are compared with those of the accelerator-driven neutron source (ADNS), and unique application of the LDNS, such as NRA imaging, is presented. In the LDNS, NRA imaging is possible with a relatively short beam line in comparison with that of the ADNS since the neutron pulse width and the source size of the LDNS are small. Future prospects in research and development of NRA imaging with the LDNS at ILE Osaka University are also described.
The WW Domain of Neural Protein FE65 Interacts with Proline-rich Motifs in Mena, the Mammalian Homolog of DrosophilaEnabled (1997)

The neural protein FE65 contains two types of protein-protein interaction modules: one WW binding domain and two phosphotyrosine binding domains. The carboxyl-terminal phosphotyrosine binding domain of FE65 interacts in vivo with the beta-amyloid precursor protein, which is implicated in Alzheimer disease. To understand the function of this adapter protein, we identified binding partners for the FE65 WW domain. Proline-rich sequences sharing a proline-proline-leucine-proline core motif were recovered by screening expression libraries for ligands of the FE65 WW domain. Five proteins of molecular masses 60, 75, 80, 140, and 200 kDa could be purified from mouse brain lysates by affinity to the FE65 WW domain. We identified two of these five proteins as the 80- and 140-kDa isoforms encoded by Mena, the mammalian homolog of the Drosophila Enabled gene. Using the SPOTs technique of peptide synthesis, we identified the sequences in Mena that interact with the FE65 WW domain and found that they contain the signature proline-proline-leucine-proline motif. Finally, we demonstrated that Mena binds to FE65 in vivo by coimmunoprecipitation assay from COS cell extracts. The specificity of the Mena-FE65 WW domain association was confirmed by competition assays. Further characterization of the FE65-Mena complex may identify a physiological role for these proteins in beta-amyloid precursor protein biogenesis and may help in understanding the mechanism of molecular changes that underlie Alzheimer disease.
[Immunity against diphtheria and tetanus in the adult Polish population]. (2000)

The aim of the study was to evaluate immunity against diphtheria and tetanus in healthy adult population in Poland. For determination of antitoxin IgG antibody, toxoid enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (Toxoid-ELISA) was used. Serum samples were obtained from different regions of Poland and titrated for diphtheria (n = 2442) and tetanus (n = 827) IgG antitoxin. For calibration of anti-toxins determination, the WHO standard of human diphtheria and tetanus antitoxin was used. About 32% (n = 787) of persons were non-protected against diphtheria (IgG-DTAb < 0.1 IU/ml) and 24% (n = 195) against tetanus (IgG-TTAb < 0.1 IU/ml). In 63% (n = 1528) individuals basic protection for diphtheria and 48% (n = 402) for tetanus (0.1-1.0 IU/ml IgG-DTAb and IgG-TTAb) were observed. Only 5% (n = 127) were fully protected for diphtheria and 28% (n = 230) for tetanus (IgG-DTAb and IgG-TTAb > 1.0 IU/ml). In adults between 30-64 years of age, not vaccinated at least during last 10 years, 43% of persons were non-protected. The study showed insufficient immunity against diphtheria in adults. We indicate booster immunisation for selected group of persons.
Application of the Modelica library WasteWater for optimization purposes (2005)

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