gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Clinical Significance of C-reactive Protein Level After Laparoscopic Gastrectomy: From a Viewpoint of Intra-Abdominal Complications (2015)

In this retrospective study, we investigated whether postoperative intra-abdominal infectious complications (IIC) after laparoscopic gastrectomy (LG) is predictable in an early postoperative period using C-reactive protein (CRP). Intra-abdominal infectious complication after gastrectomy is caused mainly by anastomotic leakage or pancreatic injury associated with peripancreatic lymph node (LN) dissection, which may sometimes result in serious outcomes. C-reactive protein is widely used to evaluate the inflammatory status. However, the relationship between the CRP level and postoperative IIC following LG remains unclear. White blood cell count (WBC), CRP counts, and clinical data were available for 229 consecutive patients undergoing LG with lymphadenectomy. We compared CRP and WBC between patients with (Group A) and without (Group B) IIC to check whether these could be used to predict IIC in an early postoperative period. Using the receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve, the diagnostic accuracy was evaluated. On postoperative day 1 (POD1), increased CRP levels were associated with IIC (Group A: 9.6 mg/dL, Group B: 6.0 mg/dL; P = 0.000048), while WBC did not differ significantly. On POD3, the difference in CRP between both groups increased (A: 20.2 mg/dL, B: 10.7 mg/dL; P = 1.6 × 10 −8 ). The optimal cutoff value was 14.9 mg/dL on POD3 (sensitivity: 0.79, specificity: 0.78), and the area under the ROC curve was 0.86. Measurements of CRP on POD1 and 3 are helpful for detecting possible IIC after LG, compared with WBC. It is necessary to pay attention to CRP levels for earlier detection of IIC.
Randomness Tests in Hostile Environments (2016)

An acceptable way to assess the quality of an RNG (PRNG) is to apply a standard battery of statistical randomness tests to a sampled output. Such tests compare some observed properties of the sample to properties of a uniform distribution, with the hope to detect deviations from the expected behavior. Consider a (P)RNG that outputs M-bit values which, due to a failure or an attack, are coerced to a subset of {0, 1} <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">M</sup> of only 2 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">n</sup> elements, for some n <; M. Such outputs are predictable with a probability of at least 2 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-n</sup> > 2 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-M</sup> , but the standard randomness tests do not necessarily detect this behavior. We show here deterministic M-bit sequences (M = 128) that belong to a subset of size 2 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">n</sup> , but pass the DIEHARD Battery of Tests of Randomness [1] and the NIST Statistical Test Suite [2], even with a relatively small value of n = 29. To address the difficulty, we propose a detection method that is feasible even for large values of n (e.g., n = 64). As a practical example, we apply our method to rule out the existence of the speculative stealthy hardware Trojan that is discussed in [3].
<title>Can ultrasounds induce cytotoxicity in presence of hematoporphyrin derivative as photodynamic therapy?</title> (1996)

Ultrasounds were described by a few authors as possibly inducing sonodynamic reaction, with singlet oxygen production, as photodynamic therapy. The aim of this project was to evidence this effect and to try to explain its different mechanisms. A specific device was developed with a strict control of temperature to avoid hyperthermia and of acoustical intensity: the characteristics of the US beam and the reproducibility of treatment conditions were strictly evaluated. We studied the frequency of 2.21 MHz using an antiresonance frequency of a transducer. US treatment was applied continuously or in pulsed mode. Human colorectal adenocarcinoma cells (HT-29) were used to test the cytotoxicity using trypan blue exclusion test. Analyses were performed using cell suspensions. Different intensities were studied ranging from 0 to 3.7 W/cm<SUP>2</SUP>. Moreover, fluorescence emission spectra of hematoporphyrine derivative (HpD) were recorded before and after US treatment. Results of viability showed a higher cytotoxicity with US alone or with HpD in cell suspensions from 3.7 W/cm<SUP>2</SUP> (20% survival). These results show that cavitation alone can account for the cytotoxic effects of sonotherapy. In fact, cavitation is higher with continuous than with pulsed US treatment. No significant difference was found with or without HpD. HpD fluorescence spectra did not differ before and after US treatment suggesting that no modification of HpD structure was induced by US. Fluorescence spectra showed a very slow and small decrease in fluorescence intensity with time probably caused by the low interfering light used for the experiment. In conclusion, in our experiments, ultrasounds do not seem to induce any chemical reaction with photosensitizers, conversely to what was already reported. However, other photosensitizers, molecules and different cell lines (less resistant) must be studied in order to conclude about the absence of cytotoxicity of this technique.
Region-based image querying (1997)

Retrieving images from large and varied collections using image content as a key is a challenging and important problem. In this paper, we present a new image representation which provides a transformation from the raw pixel data to a small set of localized coherent regions in color and texture space. This so-called “blobworld” representation is based on segmentation using the expectation-maximization algorithm on combined color and texture features. The texture features we use for the segmentation arise from a new approach to texture description and scale selection. We describe a system that uses the blobworld representation to retrieve images. An important and unique aspect of the system is that, in the context of similarity-based querying, the user is allowed to view the internal representation of the submitted image and the query results. Similar systems do not offer the user this view into the workings of the system; consequently, the outcome of many queries on these systems can be quite inexplicable, despite the availability of knobs for adjusting the similarity metric
Novel Derivatives of Kaurenoic Acid (2002)

Kaurenoic acid, a kauranic diterpenoid, presents in vitro activity against trypomastigote forms of Trypanosoma cruzi, showing, however, lytic activity on blood erythrocytes, as a side effect. The syntheses of twelve new derivatives of kaurenoic acid, four amides, four amines (and three hydroclorides) and four oximes, was carried out aiming at the improvement of the therapeutic activity and without the side effect. Among the derivatives prepared, one compound showed enhanced trypanocidal activity in vitro towards Trypanosoma cruzi trypomastigote erythrocytic forms, when compared to kaurenoic acid, but continued to show discrete lytic activity on erythrocytes; another compound showed a level of activity similar to that of kaurenoic acid, but without lysis.
A Mild Copper-mediated Intramolecular Amination of Aryl Halides (2002)

A unique combination of copper iodide and cesium acetate was found to mediate intramolecular amination of aryl halides under mild conditions. The reaction proceeds at room temperature with primary or N-benzyl amines and at moderately elevated temperatures with other amine derivatives. The reaction has been applied to the formation of 5-, 6-, and 7-membered rings. Remarkably, halogens at the meta-position were retained, providing a definitive advantage over palladium-catalyzed systems.
High-viscosity fluid threads in weakly diffusive microfluidic systems (2009)

We provide an overview of the flow dynamics of highly viscous miscible liquids in microfluidic geometries. We focus on the lubricated transport of high-viscosity fluids interacting with less viscous fluids, and we review methods for producing and manipulating single and multiple core-annular flows, i.e. viscous threads, in compact and plane microgeometries. In diverging slit microchannels, a thread's buckling instabilities can be employed for generating ordered and disordered miscible microstructures, as well as for partially blending low- and high-viscosity materials. The shear-induced destabilization of a thread that flows off-center in a square microchannel is examined as a means for continuously producing miscible dispersions. We show original compound threads and viscous dendrites that are generated using three fluids, each of which has a large viscosity contrast with the others. Thread motions in zones of microchannel extensions are examined in both miscible and immiscible environments. We demonstrate that high-viscosity fluid threads in weakly diffusive microfluidic systems correspond to the viscous primary flow and can be used as a starting point for studying and understanding the destabilizing effects of interfacial tension as well as diffusion. Characteristic of lubricated transport, threads facilitate the transport of very viscous materials in small fluidic passages, while mitigating dissipation. Threads are also potentially promising for soft material synthesis and diagnostics with independent control of the thread specific surface and residence time in micro-flow reactors.
Preliminary Identification of Crystalline Phases in a Transparent Stalactite (1959)

Of two crystalline phases found in a cavern stalactite, the major phase is mirabilite, whereas the minor phase, according to preliminary data, is a new mineral, sodium hemicalcium sulfate dihydrate, which is unstable at temperatures above 25°C.
Systolic modular multiplication (1993)

A systolic array for modular multiplication is presented using the ideally suited algorithm of P.L. Montgomery (1985). Throughput is one modular multiplication every clock cycle, with a latency of 2n+2 cycles for multiplicands having n digits. Its main use would be where many consecutive multiplications are done, as in RSA cryptosystems.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
A non-line-of-sight mitigation technique based on ML-detection (2004)

Geolocation in non line of sight (NLOS) environments is an important issue in wireless communication networks. In several recent publications related with the nature and magnitude of the NLOS phenomenon it is concluded that this is the major source of error in position estimators based on time measurements. This article presents a new approach to ameliorate the effect of the NLOS exploiting the redundant time measurements in scenarios with more than the minimum number of base stations (BS). This redundant data allows to formulate the problem as a test of hypothesis performing a hard decision to discard the BS considered to be in a NLOS scenario. Numerical simulations show that the proposed algorithm can discard the NLOS errors in certain scenarios. The algorithm is also compared with some other existing methods to show the advantage of the new approach.
Advanced 20 TW Ti:S laser system for X-ray laser and coherent XUV generation irradiated by ultra-high intensities (2005)

Volume 23, Number 2, Pages 183–186, 2005 Below is the complete Reference citation for Neumayer et al. (2005). Neumayer, P., Bock, R., Borneis, S., Brambrink, E., Brand, H., Caird, J., Campbell, E.M., Gaul, E., Goette, S., Haefner, C., Hahn, T., Heuck, H.M., Hoffmann, D.H.H., Javorkova, D., Kluge, H.-J., Kuehl, Th., Kunzer, S., Merz, T., Onkels, E., Perry, M.D., Reemts, D., Roth, M., Samek, S., Schaumann, G., Schrader, F., Seelig, W., Tauschwitz, A., Thiel, R., Ursescu, D., Wiewior, P., Wittrock, U. &amp; Zielbauer, B. (2005). Status of PHELIX laser and first experiments. Laser Part. Beams 23, 87–93.
ABA-induced cytoplasmic translocation of COP1 enhances ROS accumulation through the HY5-ABI5 pathway to modulate seed germination (2021)

Seed germination is a physiological process regulated by multiple factors. Abscisic acid (ABA) can inhibit seed germination to improve seedling survival under conditions of abiotic stress, and this process is often regulated by light signals. Constitutive Photomorphogenic 1 (COP1) is an upstream core repressor of light signals, and is involved in several ABA responses. Here, we demonstrate that COP1 is a negative regulator of the ABA-mediated inhibition of seed germination. Disruption of COP1 enhanced Arabidopsis seed sensitivity to ABA and increased ROS levels. In seeds, ABA induced the translocation of COP1 to the cytoplasm, resulting in enhanced ABA-induced ROS levels. Genetic evidence indicated that HY5 and ABI5 act downstream of COP1 in the ABA-mediated inhibition of seed germination. ABA-induced COP1 cytoplasmic localization increased HY5 and ABI5 protein levels in the nucleus, leading to increased expression of ABI5 target genes and ROS levels in seeds. Together, our results reveal that ABA-induced cytoplasmic translocation of COP1 activates the HY5-ABI5 pathway to promote the expression of ABA-responsive genes and the accumulation of ROS during ABA-mediated inhibition of seed germination. These findings enhance the role of COP1 in the ABA signal transduction pathway.
Increasing bandwidth density in future optical interconnects (2011)

Future challenges to bandwidth scaling within computing systems are considered, including the current unsustainable increase in the number of fibers per system. Several approaches to increase the bandwidth per fiber in future systems are outlined.
Decision Making in Pediatric Plastic Surgery: Autonomy and Shared Approaches (2020)

While most caregivers preferred a shared approach to decision-making, children desired greater autonomy, particularly with increasing age. Since there was limited agreement between caregivers and children, surgeons must be cognizant of differing preferences when discussing treatment plans to optimize both patient and parent satisfaction.
A Simple, Efficient and Green Procedure for the Knoevenagel Condensation of Aldehydes with N-Methylpiperazine at Room Temperature under Solvent-Free Conditions (2008)

Abstract Knoevenagel condensation of aromatic, aliphatic, and heteroaromatic aldehydes with active methylene compounds such as ethylcyanoacetate, malononitrile, and cyanoacetamide proceed very smoothly at room temperature by simply mixing the ingredients together under solvent-free conditions in the presence of N-methylpiperazine in excellent yields of the E-configured products. Keywords: Active methylene compoundsAldehydesKnoevenagel condensationN-methylpiperazineSolvent-free conditions
Electrosonic Spray Ionization. A Gentle Technique for Generating Folded Proteins and Protein Complexes in the Gas Phase and for Studying Ion−Molecule Reactions at Atmospheric Pressure (2004)

Electrosonic spray ionization (ESSI), a variant on electrospray ionization (ESI), employs a traditional micro ESI source with supersonic nebulizing gas. The high linear velocity of the nebulizing gas provides efficient pneumatic spraying of the charged liquid sample. The variable electrostatic potential can be tuned to allow efficient and gentle ionization. This ionization method is successfully applied to aqueous solutions of various proteins at neutral pH, and its performance is compared to that of the nanospray and micro ESI techniques. Evidence for efficient desolvation during ESSI is provided by the fact that the peak widths for various multiply charged protein ions are an order of magnitude narrower than those for nanospray. Narrow charge-state distributions compared to other ESI techniques are observed also; for most of the proteins studied, more than 90% of the protein ions can be accumulated in one charge state using ESSI when optimizing conditions. The fact that the abundant charge state is normally as low or lower than that recorded by ESI or nanospray indicates that folded protein ions are generated. The sensitivity of the ionization technique to high salt concentrations is comparable to that of nanospray, but ESSI is considerably less sensitive to high concentrations of organic additives such as glycerol or 2-amino-2-(hydroxymethyl)-1,3-propanediol (Tris base). Noncovalent complexes are observed in the case of myoglobin, protein kinase A/ATP complex, and other proteins. The extent of dissociation of protein ions in ESSI is comparable to or even smaller than that in the case of nanospray, emphasizing the gentle nature of the method. The unique features of ESSI are ascribed to very efficient spraying and the low internal energy supplied to the ions. Evidence is provided that the method is capable of generating fully desolvated protein ions at atmospheric pressure. This allows the technique to be used for the study of ion-molecule reactions at atmospheric pressure and examples of this are shown.
Theoretical prediction of the vibrational spectra of group IB trimers (1980)

The molecular structures of the group IB trimers, Cu(3), Ag(3), and Au(3), have been determined by using the semi-empirical diatomics-in-molecules theory. The trimers are found to have C(2v) symmetry with bond angles between 65 degrees and 80 degrees . The trimers are bound with respect to dissociation to the asymptotic limit of an atom plus a diatom. The binding energies per atom for Cu(3), Ag(3), and Au(3) are 1.08, 0.75, and 1.16 eV, respectively. The vibrational frequencies of the trimers have been determined for comparison with experimental results. The vibrational frequencies are characterized by low values for the bending and asymmetric stretch modes. The frequency of the symmetric stretch of the trimer is higher than the stretching frequency of the corresponding diatomic. A detailed comparison of the theoretical results with the previously measured Raman spectra of matrix isolated Ag(3) is presented.
MRI in cystic pancreatic lesions, is it of value? (2017)

Cystic pancreatic lesions are currently discovered at higher rate, hence adequate characterization of these lesions by the radiologist is important in guiding management. Was to identify the role of MRI in characterization of cystic pancreatic lesions. Thirty patients with suspected cystic lesions of the pancreas were examined by MRI using 1.5 T machines including conventional MRI sequences, dynamic contrast enhanced imaging, DWI and IP/OP sequence. The study included 30 patients (12 males and 18 females) with their age ranging from 16 to 88 years (mean age 55 years), MRI analysis of the cyst contents and communication with ductal system were used to characterize different cyst types, among these patients we found serous cystadenoma in five patients, mucinous cystadenoma in seven patients, mucinous cystadenocarcinoma in one patient, branch type Intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms (IPMN) in seven patients, Mixed IPMN in two patients. Cystic neuroendocrine tumors (CNET) in three patients. Solid cystic pancreatic neoplasm (SPN) in two patients. Pseudocyst in one patient and walled off necrosis (WON) in two patients. Pathological assessment of the lesions was done whenever indicated. MRI with its superior soft tissue resolution is of value in characterization of different cystic pancreatic lesions helping to reach the correct diagnosis.
ChemInform Abstract: 1,1,2‐Trifluoro‐1,3‐butadiene: A Convenient C4 Intermediate for Functionalized Monofluoroolefins. (1988)

Abstract The regioselective methoxybromination of the trifluorobutadiene (II) mentioned in the title yields the Z‐butene (IV) which is converted to the ester (V) upon hydrolysis.
Expression and Characterization of a Putative High Affinity Human Soluble Leptin Receptor (1997)

Leptin, a circulating 16-kDa protein secreted by adipocytes, decreases body weight by reducing food intake and enhancing energy utilization. Leptin receptors that share homology to the glycoprotein gp130 have been recently cloned. In addition, differentially spliced leptin receptor messenger RNAs have been identified. Functional mutations in either the leptin or leptin receptor gene cause obesity. In the present study, expression of the full length human leptin receptor complementary DNA encoding the long cytoplasmic domain of leptin receptor in COS7 cells resulted in high affinity membrane binding of 125I-leptin (Ki approximately 200 pM); no detectable binding was present in the medium. In addition, we expressed the extracellular domain of human leptin receptor in COS7 cells and identified a soluble leptin receptor in the conditioned medium that binds human and mouse leptin with high affinity comparable with the full length membrane receptor. Transfected COS7 cells expressing the soluble leptin receptor also demonstrated modest specific 125I-leptin binding in whole cells, presumably due to association of the soluble leptin receptor to cell membrane proteins. Data from cross-linking studies identified two specific bands in the 125I-leptin/soluble leptin receptor complex with molecular masses of approximately 130-150 kDa and 300 kDa. The 130-150 kDa molecular mass was confirmed in Western blot analysis and Coomassie staining of the purified soluble receptor and probably represents the glycosylated form of the receptor. The 300-kDa band most likely represents a homodimer of the soluble leptin receptor complex because HPLC gel filtration analysis of the 125I-leptin/soluble leptin receptor complex identified a single peak corresponding to a molecular mass of approximately 340 kDa. The soluble leptin receptor antagonized 125I-leptin binding to the membrane receptor, suggesting its potential utility as a functional tool for determining the role of endogenous leptin.
NPC1L1 haplotype is associated with inter-individual variation in plasma low-density lipoprotein response to ezetimibe (2005)

These preliminary pharmacogenetic results suggest that NPC1L1 variation is associated with inter-individual variation in response to ezetimibe treatment.
A Critical Review of Li/Air Batteries (2011)

Lithium/air batteries, based on their high theoretical specific energy, are an extremely attractive technology for electrical energy storage that could make long-range electric vehicles widely affordable. However, the impact of this technology has so far fallen short of its potential due to several daunting challenges. In nonaqueous Li/air cells, reversible chemistry with a high current efficiency over several cycles has not yet been established, and the deposition of an electrically resistive discharge product appears to limit the capacity. Aqueous cells require water-stable lithium-protection membranes that tend to be thick, heavy, and highly resistive. Both types of cell suffer from poor oxygen redox kinetics at the positive electrode and deleterious volume and morphology changes at the negative electrode. Closed Li/air systems that include oxygen storage are much larger and heavier than open systems, but so far oxygen- and OH−-selective membranes are not effective in preventing contamination of cells. In this review we discuss the most critical challenges to developing robust, high-energy Li/air batteries and suggest future research directions to understand and overcome these challenges. We predict that Li/air batteries will primarily remain a research topic for the next several years. However, if the fundamental challenges can be met, the Li/air battery has the potential to significantly surpass the energy storage capability of today's Li-ion batteries.
Incompatibility of R plasmids from clinical material. (1979)

Thirteen R plasmids derived from strains of E Enterobacteriaceae isolated from clinical material have been characterized. They belonged to many incompatibility groups and differ widely respecting other phenotypic characteristics, even if they come from bacteria isolated from a small geographic area.