gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Abstract 17415: Recombinant Human BDNF Can Mimic Effects of Exercise Training in Mice (2015)

Background: Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), a member of the neurotrophic factor family, has been known to be increased by exercise training (ET) and associated with exercise capacity, which are dependent on mitochondrial function in the skeletal muscle (SKM). We thus hypothesized that an increase in BDNF and an activation of its binding receptor, tropomyosin-related kinase B (TrkB), could increase the exercise capacity by enhancing mitochondrial function in SKM in mice. Therefore, we investigated whether an administration of recombinant human (rh)BDNF into sedentary (SED) mice could mimic the effect of ET on exercise capacity and SKM. Methods and Results: C57BL/6J mice randomly assigned either SED (n=20) or ET (n=10), SED mice was divided into 2 groups of the treatment with vehicle (phosphate-buffered saline; n=10) or rhBDNF (10 mg/kg body weight/day, s.c.; n=10), for 5 weeks. ET was performed by swimming for 90 min/day and 5 times/week. SKM weight did not differ among groups. The work (distance x body weight) and peak oxygen uptake (VO2) evaluated by treadmill test were significantly increased in ET+vehicle compared to SED+vehicle (work 24±1 vs 32±1 J and peak VO2 150±2 vs 166±2 mL/kg/min, p&lt;0.05) and also in SED+rhBDNF to the same extent (work 29±1 and peak VO2 170±2). Serum BDNF levels was significantly increased in SED+rhBDNF compared to SED+vehicle, whereas it did not change in ET+vehicle. BDNF mRNA and protein expressions, and TrkB mRNA were increased in SKM from ET+vehicle compared with SED+vehicle (respectively, p&lt;0.05), whereas they did not change in SED+rhBDNF. Phosphorylation of TrkB, AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and Sirt-1, and PGC-1α protein levels were increased in SED+rhBDNF and ET+vehicle compared with SED+vehicle (respectively, p&lt;0.05). Mitochondrial complex activities and citrate synthase activity were in parallel with these results. In C2C12 myotubes, rhBDNF significantly increased mRNA levels related to mitochondrial function and these effects were completely inhibited by anti-TrkB antibody or AMPK inhibitor, compound C. Conclusions: rhBDNF can mimic the effects of ET on exercise capacity. BDNF-TrkB pathway may play an important role in the beneficial effects of ET on the exercise capacity and SKM function.
Population activities of the United States government. (1971)

The editor's comment in this issue of the journal cites 5 overlapping phases in the evolution of population and family planning programs in the United States. The phases are 1) collecting census data and vital statistics, 1790-, 2) family planning assistance to developing nations, 1963, 3) family planning assistance to the U.S. "disadvantaged," 1964-, 4) overpopulation as a national concern, 1969-, and 5) the multiple action phase, 197? (phase including diverse steps to limit population growth and occurring after basic attitudes toward human reproduction have changed). The issue of the journal focuses on total population size and rates of population increase rather than on the distribution of population, and on federal action rather than on the activities of state and local governments. The editor's comment is followed by an extensive discussion of population activities of the United States government, especially since 1963. Topics discussed include demographic data, international programs, research, federally subsidized family planning services, medical care programs, educational and international programs, national growth policy, and the roles of the legislative and executive branches of government. A directory listing federal agencies with substantial and identifiable programs concerned with population and family planning is appended.
Output and Aerosol Properties of 5 Nebulizer/Compressor Systems With Arformoterol Inhalation Solution (2009)

The results of this study demonstrate that the choice of nebulizer/compressor system can influence the aerosol properties of arformoterol inhalation solution and should be considered when prescribing nebulized medications.
Measuring functioning in patients with hand osteoarthritis--content comparison of questionnaires based on the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) (2006)

When selecting instruments for comprehensive measurements of functioning in hand OA, researchers and clinicians are advised to include both one instrument with a low diversity ratio (for disease-specific aspects) and another instrument with a high diversity ratio (for broader aspects of functioning including some aspects of participation).
New-generation curing units and short irradiation time: the degree of conversion of microhybrid composite resin. (2011)

This in vitro study investigated the depth of cure of a microhybrid composite resin when cured with reduced times of exposure to three commercially available curing lights. Different sample thicknesses (1, 2, and 3 mm) were light cured in high intensity polymerization mode (2,400 mW/cm² for 5, 10, 15, and 20 seconds; 1,100 mW/cm² for 10, 20, 30, and 40 seconds; and 1,100 mW/cm² for 10, 20, 30, and 40 seconds, respectively). The degree of conversion (%) at the bottom of each sample was measured by Attenuated Total Reflection Fourier Transform Infrared (ATR F-TIR) analysis after each polymerization step. Data were analyzed by ANOVA for repeated measures, showing the degree of conversion was not influenced by the curing light employed (P = .622) but was significantly influenced by the thickness of composite resin (P < .05). Variations in the degree of conversion vs the shorter irradiation time permitted (T1) were not significant among different lamps but were significant among different thicknesses. The depth of cure of microhybrid composite resin appears not to be influenced by the curing light employed. Increased irradiation time significantly increases the degree of conversion. Thickness strongly influences depth of cure.
THE EFFECTS OF EXERCISE AND DIANABOL UPON SELECTED PERFORMANCE AND PHYSICOLOGICAL PARAMETERS IN THE MALE RAT (1971)

ABSTRACTThe use of anabolic steroids to increase muscle mass has become widespread despite FDA warnings against using these potent drugs to enhance performance. The present investigation was undertaken to determine the effects of 6 weeks administration of Dianabol (methylandrostenolone) upon levels
Image quality, tissue heating, and frame rate trade-offs in acoustic radiation force impulse imaging (2009)

The real-time application of acoustic radiation force impulse (ARFI) imaging requires both short acquisition times for a single ARFI image and repeated acquisition of these frames. Due to the high energy of pulses required to generate appreciable radiation force, however, repeated acquisitions could result in substantial transducer face and tissue heating. We describe and evaluate several novel beam sequencing schemes which, along with parallel-receive acquisition, are designed to reduce acquisition time and heating. These techniques reduce the total number of radiation force impulses needed to generate an image and minimize the time between successive impulses. We present qualitative and quantitative analyses of the trade-offs in image quality resulting from the acquisition schemes. Results indicate that these techniques yield a significant improvement in frame rate with only moderate decreases in image quality. Tissue and transducer face heating resulting from these schemes is assessed through finite element method modeling and thermocouple measurements. Results indicate that heating issues can be mitigated by employing ARFI acquisition sequences that utilize the highest track-to-excitation ratio possible.
α-D-Glucosyl Transfer to Phenolic Compounds by Sucrose Phosphorylase fromLeuconostoc mesenteroidesand Production of α-Arbutin (1994)

Transglycosylation from sucrose to phenolic and related compounds by sucrose phosphorylase (EC 2.4.1.7) from Leuconostoc mesenteroides was studied. The enzyme had a rather broad acceptor specificity and transferred glucosyl residue of sucrose to various acceptors such as hydroxybenzenes, hydroxybenzoic acids, benzyl alcohol, and hydroxybenzyl alcohols. The enzyme could transfer the glucosyl moiety of sucrose to phenolic OH groups and alcoholic (hydroxymethyl) OH groups, though not to carboxyl groups. The phenolic OH group was more effective than a hydroxymethyl group as the acceptor. Phenolic OH groups adjacent to hydroxyl, hydroxymethyl, or carboxyl groups had an increased effectiveness as acceptors. About 2.3 g of the purified transfer product was obtained from 2.0 g of hydroquinone. Its structure was identified as hydroquinone-O-α-d-glucopyranoside (α-arbutin) on the bases of the secondary ion mass spectrometry analysis, the component analysis of its enzymatic hydrolysates, and the carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance analysis. The browning resistance of α-arbutin to light irradiation was extremely increased compared to that of hydroquinone. The inhibitory activity on tyrosinase of α-arbutin was almost equal to that of arbutin.
Prediction of sodium concentration in lignite (1970)

Prediction models were constructed for seam elevation, overburden, and sodium concentration for a lignite deposit in Ward County, N. Dak. These models were developed by mathematical-statistical techniques using surface coordinates as independent variables to permit interpolation between drill holes. The results suggest that sodium concentration in lignite may be predicted in advance of mining. This information is helped to mine planning, specifically, in scheduling production to deliver a uniform product to existing powerplants.
Treatment of systemic and organ-specific autoimmune disease in mice by allogeneic bone marrow transplantation. (1987)

Autoimmune diseases have been clinically divided into those which are systemic and organ-specific. (NZB X NZW) F1, MRL/1, and BXSB mice have been utilized as models for systemic autoimmune diseases. When these mice which had already developed autoimmune diseases were irradiated and reconstituted with T cell-depleted allogeneic bone marrow cells, the recipient survived for more than 5 months without showing graft-versus-host reaction. Immunohistopathological studies revealed that deposits of immunoglobulin and complement into the glomeruli were markedly reduced. In addition, levels of circulating immune complexes and auto-antibodies such as anti-dsDNA and anti-Sm antibodies decreased. Three months after bone marrow transplantation, T cell dysfunction was restored, and hyperfunction of B cells and macrophages were normalized. These data prompted us to examine whether or not organ-specific autoimmune diseases can be treated by allogeneic bone marrow transplantation. NOD mice which develop insulitis and overt diabetes were used for this experiment. The mice showed marked infiltration of T cells into the pancreatic islets which resulted in selectively destroying beta cells. Most of the T cells are Lyt-1+, and some are Lyt-2,3+. When NOD mice (6 months old) were irradiated and reconstituted with bone marrow cells of young BALB/c nu/nu mice (less than 2 months), the NOD mice exhibited neither insulitis nor overt diabetes. Deposits of immunoglobulin in the mesangial area of the glomeruli disappeared 3 months after bone marrow transplantation. Assays for immunological functions revealed that NOD mice showed hyperfunction of T cells, B cells, and macrophages. In NOD mice reconstituted with BALB/c nu/nu bone marrow cells, these functions were normalized. Newly developed T cells are found to be tolerant of both bone marrow donor-type and host-type major histocompatibility complex determinants. These results suggest that bone marrow transplantation is a strategy to be considered as an approach to the treatment for both systemic and organ-specific autoimmune diseases in humans.
Hydrolysis Kinetics of Thifensulfuron Methyl in Aqueous Buffer Solutions (1996)

The hydrolysis of thifensulfuron methyl and thifensulfuron were investigated in buffered aqueous solutions with pH values of 4, 5, 9, and 10. Hydrolysis of thifensulfuron methyl was pH dependent and relatively fast both in acidic and alkaline buffer solutions. In the case of thifensulfuron, hydrolysis rates were of the same order of magnitude as thifensulfuron methyl at acidic pH, but very low at alkaline pH. In acidic solutions, cleavage of the sulfonylurea bridge and O-demethylation of the methoxy group of the triazine ring occurred concurrently. The resulting intermediates gave two parallel reactions: cleavage of the sulfonylurea bridge and opening of the triazine ring. The relative rates of the different hydrolysis pathways were influenced by the pKa of compounds. At alkaline pH, thifensulfuron methyl hydrolyzed to thifensulfuron, which was slowly transformed by cleavage of the sulfonylurea bridge and O-demethylation. Keywords: Sulfonylurea herbicide; hydrolysis; thifensulfuron methyl
Highly Reversible Lithium Storage in Spheroidal Carbon‐Coated Silicon Nanocomposites as Anodes for Lithium‐Ion Batteries (2006)

Wiederholte Höchstleistungen: Durch Sprühpyrolyse wurden neuartige sphäroide Nanokomposite aus kohlenstoffbeschichtetem Silicium erhalten (siehe TEM-Bild). Hervorragende Eigenschaften in elektrochemischen Zyklen lassen diese Nanokomposite als geeignetes Anodenmaterial für Lithiumionenbatterien erscheinen: Nach 20 Zyklen lag die reversible Kapazität bei 1489 mA h g−1.
A novel time discretization method for solving complex multi-energy system design and operation problems with high penetration of renewable energy (2022)

Modelling and optimising modern energy systems is inherently complex and often requires methods to simplify the discretization of the temporal domain. However, most of them are either (i) not well suited for systems with a high penetration of non-dispatchable renewables or (ii) too complex to be broadly adopted. In this work, we present a novel method that fits well with high penetration of renewables and different spatial scales. Furthermore, it is framework-independent and simple to implement. We show that, compared to the full time discretization, the proposed method saves >90% computation time with <1% error in the objective function. Moreover, it outperforms commonly used methods of modelling through typical days. Its practical usefulness is demonstrated by applying it to a case study about the optimal hydrogen production from renewable energy. The increased modelling fidelity results in a significantly cheaper design and reveals operational details otherwise hidden by typical days.
367 Oxidative stress and efficiency: The tightrope act of mitochondria in health and disease. (2018)

Oxidative stress from mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) production is an unavoidable consequence of aerobic metabolism. High amounts of ROS can cause oxidation but low levels of mitochondrial ROS are now recognized to play important roles in signal transduction. In a pedigree male (PedM) broiler model of feed efficiency (FE), increased ROS production was observed in low FE along with a pervasive protein oxidation. Subsequent proteogenomic studies in muscle have revealed evidence of enhanced mitoproteome abundance, enhanced mechanisms for mitochondrial phosphocreatine shuttling, and enhanced ribosome assembly in the high FE phenotype. In addition, there appears to be enhanced infrastructure that would foster greater repair of damaged proteins or organelles through the autophagy and proteosome pathways in the high FE phenotype. Although protein and organelle degradation, recycling, and reconstruction would be energetically expensive, it is possible energy invested into maintaining optimal function of proteins and organelles contributes to cellular efficiency in the high FE phenotype. In the last 5 years, new findings in mitochondrial physiology have been reported. Reverse electron transport (RET), once considered an artifact of in vitro conditions, has now been demonstrated to play significant roles in inflammation, ischemia-reperfusion, muscle differentiation, and energy utilization. A topology of ROS production indicates that ROS derived from Complex I of the respiratory chain primarily cause oxidative damage, whereas ROS generated from Complex III are primarily involved in cell signaling. Understanding the balancing act that mitochondria play in health and disease will continue to be a vital biological component in health-production efficiency and disease in commercial poultry and livestock production.
Roflumilast reverses CFTR-mediated ion transport dysfunction in cigarette smoke-exposed mice (2017)

Roflumilast effectively rescues CFTR-mediated chloride transport in vivo, further implicating CFTR activation as a mechanism through which roflumilast benefits patients with bronchitis.
Switchable nonlinear metalloferroelectric photonic crystals (2007)

Two types of low-voltage electroswitchable nonlinear photonic crystals were fabricated providing spatial-frequency control of second harmonic generation radiation of visible light. A two-dimensional photonic crystal was fabricated by focused ion beam etching of a ferroelectric BaSrTiO3 thin film and switched by an electric field applied by an interdigital electrode system, which simultaneously acted as a one-dimensional photonic crystal. The fabricated device operated at a second harmonic wavelength around 400nm with an efficiency incomparably higher than in the case of linear optics.
Garlic ( Allium sativum ) increases SIRT1 and SIRT2 gene expressions in the kidney and liver tissues of STZ- and STZ+niacinamide-induced diabetic rats (2018)

Abstract Background Diabetic nephropathy and liver damage are important complications of diabetes mellitus (DM). Various factors, such as sirtuins (silent information regulators or SIRTs) are associated with these complications. Sirtuins are a family of NAD + -dependent proteins, and seven types of these can be found in mammalians. In this study, we evaluated the effects of aqueous garlic extract (G) on the expressions of SIRT1 and SIRT2 genes in the kidney and liver tissues of rats with types 1 and 2 diabetes. Methods A total of 36 male Wistar rats (230–280 g) were randomly divided into six groups: C: normal control rats, D1M: type 1 diabetic rats (induced with streptozotocin, STZ), D1M+G: type 1 diabetic rats that treated with garlic extract, D2M: type 2 diabetic rats (induced with STZ and niacinamide), D2M+G: type 2 diabetic rats treated with garlic extract, and G: normal rats that received garlic extract. At the end of the treatment time, kidney and liver tissue samples were collected from all rats. The SIRT1 and SIRT2 gene expressions were determined by qRT-PCR. Results The SIRT1 and SIRT2 gene expressions in the liver and kidney tissues of diabetic rats decreased significantly compared with those in the control rats (p&lt;0.05). After treatment with garlic extract, the gene expressions also increased significantly compared with those in the diabetic rats and are close to normal level (p&lt;0.05). Conclusions Garlic extract increased the SIRT1 and SIRT2 gene expressions in the livers and kidneys of diabetic rats. The antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of garlic have been proven in many studies. Thus, it is possible that garlic – with its effects on this pathway of gene expression – can have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, thus decreasing diabetic complications.
iSTFTNet2: Faster and More Lightweight iSTFT-Based Neural Vocoder Using 1D-2D CNN (2023)

The inverse short-time Fourier transform network (iSTFTNet) has garnered attention owing to its fast, lightweight, and high-fidelity speech synthesis. It obtains these characteristics using a fast and lightweight 1D CNN as the backbone and replacing some neural processes with iSTFT. Owing to the difficulty of a 1D CNN to model high-dimensional spectrograms, the frequency dimension is reduced via temporal upsampling. However, this strategy compromises the potential to enhance the speed. Therefore, we propose iSTFTNet2, an improved variant of iSTFTNet with a 1D-2D CNN that employs 1D and 2D CNNs to model temporal and spectrogram structures, respectively. We designed a 2D CNN that performs frequency upsampling after conversion in a few-frequency space. This design facilitates the modeling of high-dimensional spectrograms without compromising the speed. The results demonstrated that iSTFTNet2 made iSTFTNet faster and more lightweight with comparable speech quality. Audio samples are available at https://www.kecl.ntt.co.jp/people/kaneko.takuhiro/projects/istftnet2/.
Isolation and Adoptive Transfer of High Salt Treated Antigen-presenting Dendritic Cells (2019)

Excess dietary salt intake contributes to inflammation and plays a vital role in the development of hypertension. We previously found that antigen-presenting dendritic cells (DCs) can sense elevated extracellular sodium leading to the activation of the NADPH oxidase and formation of isolevuglandin (IsoLG)-protein adducts. These IsoLG-protein adducts react with self-proteins and promote an autoimmune-like state and hypertension. We have developed and optimized state-of-the-art methods to study DC function in hypertension. Here, we provide a detailed protocol for isolation, in vitro treatment with elevated sodium, and adoptive transfer of murine splenic CD11c+ cells into recipient mice to study their role in hypertension.
Sustained Virological Response Correlates With Reduction in the Incidence of Glucose Abnormalities in Patients With Chronic Hepatitis C Virus Infection (2006)

Our results provide evidence that eradication of HCV infection significantly reduces the incidence of glucose abnormalities in chronic hepatitis C patients. In addition, this study supports the concept that HCV infection causes type 2 diabetes.
Corrigendum to ‘2017 ESC/EACTS Guidelines for the management of valvular heart disease’ [Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2017;52:616-664]† (2017)

peer reviewed
Tunable Helical Assemblies of l-Alanine Methyl Ester-Containing Polyphenylacetylene (2012)

The self-assemblying behaviors of L-alanine methyl ester-containing polyphenylacetylene (PPA-Ala, in Chart 1 ) were investigated upon the evaporation of its solvent on mica and on air/water interfaces. The introduction of chiral amino acid attachments to the polyphenylacetylene backbone induced a helical conformation of the backbone, which was stabilized by various noncovalent interactions, especially hydrophobic effect and hydrogen bonds. The helicity of the polymer was further amplified in its higher-order self-assemblies as the formation of helical fibers on the surface of mica upon natural evaporation of its THF solution. By LB technique, the polymer chains were guided to form ordered parallel ridges and highly aligned, with their helical conformation still remaining. The reorganization of the chiral polymer chains on air/water interface was associated with the additional hydrophobic effect of PPA-Ala on an air/water interface. The polymer backbones had to adopt different arrangements to minimize their contact with water, and this adjustment led to the formation of aligned polymer ridges under proper surface pressure.