gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
On the electrical nature of the axial melt zone at 13° N on the East Pacific Rise (1994)

The first controlled source electromagnetic experiment directly on a ridge, with the potential to identify the presence of an axial melt body beneath a fast‐spreading center, was conducted at 13°N on the East Pacific Rise (EPR) in 1989. Transmission for 36 hours was achieved by a deep towed horizontal electric dipole source, of moment 6000 Am, operating at frequencies between 1/4 and 8 Hz. Signals from the source were recorded by seven seafloor electric field receivers positioned both along the ridge crest and 5 km to the east on 100,000‐year‐old crust. Data above ambient noise levels were obtained at ranges of up to 10 km. The results of modeling observed electric field amplitudes reveal that resistivities in the uppermost crust are very low (∼1 Ω), indicating a heavily fractured, high‐porosity surficial layer. Below this topmost layer, the upper 2 km of crust is found to be moderately resistive (∼100 Ωm). We find no evidence for a large conductive axial melt body with dimensions on the order of kilometers in the middle or upper crust. If a partial melt body is present, which is continuous along strike and which comprises a connected, and therefore conductive, melt texture, it must be of very limited volumetric extent. This picture is consistent with recently proposed models of a thin sill‐like melt lens with across strike dimensions of no more than 1 km and probably with smaller vertical extent. The larger region below the sill, characterized by low seismic velocities, must contain at best a very small melt fraction distributed in isolated pockets, providing further evidence that the EPR at 13°N is currently in a state of relative magmatic quiescence.
Research and practice of structuring data archiving in digital campus (2011)

With the intensive development of university information system, the increasingly expanding and accumulating historical data seriously affects the efficiency of information system performance and brings data management and storage difficulty. In view of university's data characteristics, connected with the authors' experience of data archiving in data management, in this paper the authors put forward a data archiving strategy based on oracle two databases. Connected with living examples, this paper also illustrated the thread, principle, standard and content making of data archiving strategy, providing reference to the implement of university structured data archiving based on oracle.
Induction Heating of Adhesives for Bonding of Thermoplastics and Composites (1993)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Structural adhesives have utilized different methods for accelerating cure and development of handling strength and final properties. These different methods have included fast curing chemistries, heated presses, microwave, radio frequency, high velocity hot air, and induction heating. Each method has particular advantages which the processor can use to maximize productivity and quality. This paper examines and reports on induction heating and its application for bonding of thermoplastics and composites.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Induction heating has had good acceptance in bonding applications where metal substrates are involved. Automotive hem flange bonding has been a particularly successful application of induction heating. With metal bonding, the substrate is heated by the electromagnetic field generated by a current passing through an induction coil. Heating to cure temperatures occurs within fractions of a second and temperatures can easily surpass the limits of any organic adhesive. Other advantages of induction heating are low energy consumption, safety for operators, and no direct contact with the substrate surface.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;With composites and thermoplastic substrates, materials which are not electrically conductive or magnetic, the adhesive must be modified to be affected by the induction field. This generally involves the incorporation of electrically conductive or magnetic fillers into the adhesive.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;In this work, modified two-component adhesives were used to bond sheet molding compound (SMC). The adhesives were formulated such that handling strengths were easily achieved within 60-seconds and as short as 45-seconds. This compares to cure times of 120-seconds or more with conventionally heated presses, which rely on thermal conductivity of the substrate and intimate heater block contact to affect the cure. Thus a 63% reduction the cure cycle has been achieved. This accelerated cure allows reduction in the number of bonding stations required or increasing the productivity of a single line. Additionally, properties of the induction cured adhesives are excellent and compare to the adhesive when cured by oven or heated press.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Used in much of this work was a solid-state, self-tuning, induction heater. The solid state control allowed automatic tuning to the resonant frequency of the tank circuit, coil, and load. Additionally monitoring and controlling the surface temperature of the substrate was possible. This allowed accurate and consistent curing of the adhesive.&lt;/div&gt;
Making C++ concurrent and real-time (1997)

In this paper, we present an approach to add a base class, Thread, to C++, so that any objects of Thread and its derivations can be executed concurrently. Synchronization and communication between two objects are similar to that of Ada rendezvous. Then we add a separate time constraint module to provide time constraint on the level of method of objects. This information makes the execution of codes in accord with temporal relations of object methods, which is specified in the specification of time constraint. Thus, real-time facilities are also added to C++.
The synthesis of calcium doped zinc oxide ceramic nanoparticles via sol–gel effective against the emerging multidrug-resistant Candida auris (2023)

Abstract This work aimed to prepare calcium-doped zinc oxide (ZC) ceramic nanoparticles in this formula (1-x)ZnO–xCaO with (x = 0, 0.10 and 0.90 mol.%) which are effective against the emerging multidrug-resistant Candida auris for the first time to our knowledge using the sol–gel method. Three different calcination temperatures (Tc) (500, 550 and 600 °C) were employed here. The prepared samples were characterized by XRD, SEM, and Zeta sizer. Also, their antimicrobial activity was assessed. All the prepared samples that were calcined at 600 °C showed particle size at nanometer range. All ZC ceramic samples showed negative zeta potential with higher magnitude indicating the stability of the produced nanoparticles. On increasing, calcium oxide doped in ZC10 and ZC90 ceramic samples, the particle size was decreased with regular hexagonal shape in SEM images. Finally, the prepared ZC ceramic nanoparticles exhibited excellent inhibitory activity against the emerging multidrug-resistant C. auris . Additionally, the prepared nanoparticles were active against both gram-positive Staphylococcus auris (ATCC 25923) and gram-negative E. coli (ATCC 25922). Collectively, ZC ceramic nanoparticles can be used to combat the emerged drug-resistant C. auris instead of applying the current antifungal drugs that exhibited minimum activity.
Examination of the Effect of a Naturally Occurring Mutation in Glycoprotein L on Marek's Disease Virus Pathogenesis (2006)

We recently reported a comparison of glycoprotein-encoding genes of different Marek's disease virus pathotypes (MDVs). One mutation found predominantly in very virulent (vv)+MDVs was a 12-bp (four-amino acid) deletion in the glycoprotein L (gL)-encoding gene in four of 23 MDV strains examined (three were vv+MDVs and one was a vvMDV). This mutation was noted in the gL of the TK (615K) strain, but not in the RL (615J) strain of MDV. These strains have identical mutations in the meq gene characteristic of vv+MDVs but can be distinguished by the mutation in the gL-encoding gene. The TK strain was originally isolated from vaccinated chickens and appeared to confer or enhance horizontal transmission of the vaccine virus, herpesvirus of turkeys (HVT). Because the molecular basis for increased virulence of MDV field strains is unknown, we hypothesized that one mechanism might be by coreplication of MDV-1 strains with HVT and that it could be mediated by the mutation of gL, an essential component of the glycoprotein H/L complex. In this study, we compared the pathogenicity of TK (615K) and RL (615J) strains of MDV in the presence and absence of simultaneous HVT coinfection. MDV infections were monitored at the levels of viremia (for both MDV-1 and HVT), clinical signs of MD, tumor incidence, and mortality in 1) inoculated chickens, 2) chickens exposed at 1 day of age, 3) chickens exposed at 2 wk of age, and 4) chickens exposed to both TK/HVT- and RL/HVT-infected chickens at 6 wk of age. We found high incidences of clinical MD signs in all inoculated treatment groups and all chickens exposed to TK and RL viruses, regardless of the presence of HVT. The median time to death of chickens exposed to TK1HVT-infected chickens, however, was lower than the other treatment groups for contact-exposed chickens. Although this difference was not considered to be statistically significant to a rigorously interpreted degree because of the removal of chickens for sampling from the test groups, these data suggest that replication of the TK strain and HVT, when coadministered, might incrementally affect the virulence of MDV-1 strains. The strict correlation of this enhancement of virulence with the mutation in gL, however, requires additional experiments with genetically identical MDV background strains.
Bioremediation of 2,4,6-Trinitrotoluene by Bacterial Nitroreductase Expressing Transgenic Aspen (2008)

Trees belonging to the genus Populus are often used for phytoremediation due to their deep root formation, fast growth and high transpiration rates. Here, we study the capacity of transgenic hybrid aspen (Populus tremula x tremuloides var. Etropole) which expresses the bacterial nitroreductase gene, pnrA, to tolerate and take-up greater amounts of the toxic and recalcitrant explosive, 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) from contaminated waters and soil. Transgenic aspen tolerate up to 57 mg TNT/L in hydroponic media and more than 1000 mg TNT/ kg soil, whereas the parental aspen could not endure in hydroponic culture with more than 11 mg TNT/L or soil with more than 500 mg TNT/kg. Likewise, the phytotoxicological limit for transgenic plants to a constant concentration of TNT was 20 mg TNT/L while wild-type plants only tolerated 10 mg TNT/L. Transgenic plants also showed improved uptake of TNT over wild-type plants when the original TNT concentration was above 35 mg TNT/L in liquid media or 750 mg TNT/kg in soil. Assays with 13C-labeled TNT show rapid adsorption of TNT to the root surface followed by a slower entrance rate into the plant. Most of the 13C-carbon from the labeled TNT taken up bythe plant (> 95%) remains in the root with little translocation to the stem. Altogether, transgenic aspen expressing pnrA are highly interesting for phytoremediation applications on contaminated soil and underground aquifers.
Postwar Palingenesis: Forming the Fascist Project (2012)

The chapter examines the formation of the fascist project. It illustrates the objectives of the fascist movement in the light of pre-First World War intellectual currents of both left and right, of the experience of the war itself, and of problems of the immediate post-war. It discusses the utopian project of national transformation, to be realised through the transformation of Italians. While arguing that the project, in its utopian form, was bound to fail, the chapter does point to ways in which the aim of social transformation could have been at least partially implemented.
Mucoadhesive Polymeric Hydrogels for Nasal Delivery of Acyclovir (2008)

The study evaluated different mucoadhesive polymeric hydrogels for nasal delivery of acyclovir. Gels containing poly-N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone (PVP) were prepared with crosslinking achieved by irradiation with a radiation dose of 15 kGy being as efficient as 20 kGy. Gels containing chitosan and carbopol were also evaluated. The mucoadhesive properties of gels were measured by a modification of a classical tensile experiment, employing a tensile tester and using freshly excised sheep nasal mucosa. Considering the mucoadhesive force, chitosan gel and gel prepared with 3% PVP in presence of polyethylene glycol (PEG) 600 were the most efficient. The in vitro drug release depended on the gel composition. Higher release rates were obtained from PVP gels compared to chitosan or carbopol gels. The release rate of drug from PVP gels was increased further in presence of PEG or glycerol. Histopathological investigations proved that the PVP was a safe hydrogel to be used for mucosal delivery. The PEG in gel formulations caused less damages to the nasal mucosal compared to formulation containing glycerol.
Standing-wave fluorescence microscopy (1995)

Fluorescence microscopy is enormously useful in cell biology and biomedicine because highly-specific probe molecules can be used to label structure or transduce physiological condition within complex cells and tissues. Fluorescence optical sectioning microscopy (FOSM) and confocal scanning fluorescence microscopy (CSFM) are widely used for viewing 3D structure in such labeled specimens. In both methods, 3D data consists of images recorded as the specimen is stepped through focus. Direct image formation in FOSM is fast and relatively efficient, but the spatial frequency band limit of the optical transfer function (OTF) limits axial resolution severely. Computational deconvolution is required to achieve full resolution. Direct spatial filtering in CSFM expands the band limit axially and transversely, but with the tradeoff of lower speed and lower signal-to-noise ratio. Limited axial resolution remains a challenge in both cases.
FoxM1c Counteracts Oxidative Stress-induced Senescence and Stimulates Bmi-1 Expression (2008)

The Forkhead box transcription factor FoxM1 is expressed in proliferating cells. When it was depleted in mice and cell lines, cell cycle defects and chromosomal instability resulted. Premature senescence was observed in embryonic fibroblasts derived from FoxM1 knock-out mice, but the underlying cause has remained unclear. To investigate whether FoxM1 can protect cells against stress-induced premature senescence, we established NIH3T3 lines with doxycycline-inducible overexpression of FoxM1c. Treatment of these lines with sublethal doses (20 and 100 microm) of H(2)O(2) induced senescence with senescence-associated beta-galactosidase expression and elevated levels of p53 and p21. Induction of FoxM1c expression markedly suppressed senescence and expression of p53 and p21. Consistent with down-regulation of the p19(Arf)-p53 pathway, p19(Arf) levels decreased while expression of the Polycomb group protein Bmi-1 was induced. That Bmi-1 is a downstream target of FoxM1c was further supported by the dose-dependent induction of Bmi-1 by FoxM1c at both the protein and mRNA levels, and FoxM1 and Bmi-1 reached maximal levels in cells at the G(2)/M phase. Depletion of FoxM1 by RNA interference decreased Bmi-1 expression. Using Bmi-1 promoter reporters with wild-type and mutated c-Myc binding sites and short hairpin RNAs targeting c-Myc, we further demonstrated that FoxM1c activated Bmi-1 expression via c-Myc, which was recently reported to be regulated by FoxM1c. Our results reveal a functional link between FoxM1c, c-Myc, and Bmi-1, which are major regulators of tumorigenesis. This link has important implications for the regulation of cell proliferation and senescence by FoxM1 and Bmi-1.
Fuzzy Memoization for Floating-Point Multimedia Applications (2005)

Instruction memoization is a promising technique to reduce the power consumption and increase the performance of future low-end/mobile multimedia systems. Power and performance efficiency can be improved by reusing instances of an already executed operation. Unfortunately, this technique may not always be worth the effort due to the power consumption and area impact of the tables required to leverage an adequate level of reuse. In this paper, we introduce and evaluate a novel way of understanding multimedia floating-point operations based on the fuzzy computation paradigm: performance and power consumption can be improved at the cost of small precision losses in computation. By exploiting this implicit characteristic of multimedia applications, we propose a new technique called tolerant memoization. This technique expands the capabilities of classic memoization by associating entries with similar inputs to the same output. We evaluate this new technique by measuring the effect of tolerant memoization for floating-point operations in a low-power multimedia processor and discuss the trade-offs between performance and quality of the media outputs. We report energy improvements of 12 percent for a set of key multimedia applications with small LUT of 6 Kbytes, compared to 3 percent obtained using previously proposed techniques.
Molecular Cloning and Expression of a Purine-specific N-Ribohydrolase from Trypanosoma brucei brucei (1998)

N-Ribohydrolases, including the inosine-adenosine-guanosine-preferring (IAG) nucleoside hydrolase, have been proposed to be involved in the nucleoside salvage pathway of protozoan parasites and may constitute rational therapeutic targets for the treatment of these diseases. Reported is the complete sequence of the Trypanosoma brucei brucei iagnh gene, which encodes IAG-nucleoside hydrolase. The 1.4-kilobase iagnh cDNA contains an open reading frame of 981 base pairs, corresponding to 327 amino acids. The iagnh gene is present as one copy/haploid genome and is located on the size-polymorphic pair of chromosome III or IV in the genome of T. b. brucei. In Southern blot analysis, the iagnh probe hybridized strongly with Trypanosoma brucei gambiense, Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense, Trypanosoma evansi, Trypanosoma congolense, and Trypanosoma vivax and, to a lesser extent, with Trypanosoma cruzi genomic DNA. The iagnh gene is expressed in blood-stream forms and procyclic (insect) life-cycle stages of T. b. brucei. There are no close amino acid homologues of IAG-nucleoside hydrolase outside bacterial, yeast, or parasitic organisms. Low amino acid sequence similarity is seen with the inosine-uridine-preferring nucleoside hydrolase isozyme from Crithidia fasciculata. The T. b. brucei iagnh open reading frame was cloned into Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3), and a soluble recombinant IAG-nucleoside hydrolase was expressed and purified to > 97% homogeneity. The molecular weights of the recombinant IAG-nucleoside hydrolase, based on the amino acid sequence and observed mass, were 35,735 and 35,737, respectively. The kinetic parameters of the recombinant IAG-nucleoside hydrolase are experimentally identical to the native IAG-nucleoside hydrolase.
Sexually divergent cortical control of affective‐autonomic integration (2021)

Major depressive disorder accounts for the most years lived with disability worldwide and cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death globally. These conditions are co‐morbid and exhibit sexual divergence in prevalence and severity. Furthermore, stress exposure is an environmental risk factor for the onset of both mood and cardiovascular symptoms. However, the neural processes that integrate stress effects on affective and cardiovascular outcomes are unknown. Human imaging studies indicate that both sad stimuli and autonomic processes activate the ventral medial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC). In rodents, the infralimbic (IL) portion of vmPFC modulates physiological stress responses, leading us to hypothesize that IL pyramidal neurons integrate depression‐relevant behaviors with cardiovascular and endocrine stress reactivity. To test this hypothesis, an optogenetic approach targeted channelrhodopsin‐2 expression to IL glutamatergic neurons in male and female rats. Animals were then assessed for stimulation preference and social motivation. The effects of IL stimulation were also determined for corticosterone and glucose reactivity to stress. Additionally, radiotelemetry and echocardiography were used to examine cardiovascular stress responses and chronic stress effects on cardiac structure and function. Our results show that, in males, IL pyramidal neuron activity was preferred, increased social motivation, and inhibited acute physiological stress reactivity by reducing corticosterone, glucose, heart rate, and arterial pressure. Intriguingly, prior IL activation lowered net cardiac sympathetic drive and protected against subsequent myocardial remodeling after chronic stress. However, IL activity had fundamentally different regulatory effects in females. Stimulation did not have motivational valence or alter social behavior but increased glucose and heart rate reactivity to acute stress and cardiac contractility following chronic stress. Collectively, these findings identify sexual divergence in the cortical integration of affective and physiological systems, suggesting that vmPFC output signaling may differentially impact health outcomes in males and females.
Min-max control of fuel-cell-car-based smart energy systems (2016)

Recently, the idea of using fuel cell vehicles as the future way of producing electricity has emerged. A fuel cell car has all the necessary devices on board to convert the chemical energy of hydrogen into electricity. This paper considers a scenario where a parking lot for fuel cell cars acts as a virtual power plant. In order to describe the system behavior from the energy point of view, a hybrid (mixed logical dynamical) model is constructed. With this model, a control system is designed to determine the production profile for both the fuel cell and battery of each car in the parking lot subject to minimizing the operational cost. In order to deal with both the uncertainty in the demand profile and the power balance constraint, a robust min-max model predictive control algorithm is developed. The effectiveness of the proposed approach is illustrated in a numerical example.
An Expected Score Approach to Ordinal Outcomes in a Bayesian, Response Adaptive, Randomized Trial (2023)

Ordinal outcomes are common in medicine and can be analyzed in many ways, but the distribution of ordinal data can present unique challenges. The proposed KESETT study is a three-armed, randomized trial comparing two doses of ketamine plus levetiracetam to levetiracetam alone for treating patients with benzodiazepine-refractory status epilepticus. A Bayesian, adaptive clinical trial is proposed employing an ordinal primary outcome at 60 minutes ranging from 1 (improving consciousness and seizure cessation) to 5 (life-threatening event/death). Based on a previous study, the ordinal outcome is expected to have a bimodal distribution, with the effect of treatment expected to be non-proportional across the outcome scale. As such, approaches relying on assuming proportionality of the odds are not appropriate. We propose for this scenario an analytic approach to compare ordinal outcomes using the expected score derived from the posterior distribution for each treatment group. This approach requires minimal assumptions, maintains the benefit of using the full ordinal scale, is interpretable, and can be used in a Bayesian analysis framework. We compare this new approach under multiple simulated scenarios to 3 traditional frequentist approaches. The new approach controls type I error and power, resulting in a sizable reduction in sample size relative to a non-parametric test.