gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
M‐CSF Priming of Osteoclast Precursors Can Cause Osteoclastogenesis‐Insensitivity, Which Can be Prevented and Overcome on Bone (2014)

Osteoclasts and macrophages share progenitors that must receive decisive lineage signals driving them into their respective differentiation routes. Macrophage colony stimulation factor M-CSF is a common factor; bone is likely the stimulus for osteoclast differentiation. To elucidate the effect of both, shared mouse bone marrow precursor myeloid blast was pre-cultured with M-CSF on plastic and on bone. M-CSF priming prior to stimulation with M-CSF and osteoclast differentiation factor RANKL resulted in a complete loss of osteoclastogenic potential without bone. Such M-CSF primed cells expressed the receptor RANK, but lacked the crucial osteoclastogenic transcription factor NFATc1. This coincided with a steeply decreased expression of osteoclast genes TRACP and DC-STAMP, but an increased expression of the macrophage markers F4/80 and CD11b. Compellingly, M-CSF priming on bone accelerated the osteoclastogenic potential: M-CSF primed cells that had received only one day M-CSF and RANKL and were grown on bone already expressed an array of genes that are associated with osteoclast differentiation and these cells differentiated into osteoclasts within 2 days. Osteoclastogenesis-insensitive precursors grown in the absence of bone regained their osteoclastogenic potential when transferred to bone. This implies that adhesion to bone dictates the fate of osteoclast precursors. Common macrophage-osteoclast precursors may become insensitive to differentiate into osteoclasts and regain osteoclastogenesis when bound to bone or when in the vicinity of bone.
An unbiased detector of curvilinear structures (1998)

The extraction of curvilinear structures is an important low-level operation in computer vision that has many applications. Most existing operators use a simple model for the line that is to be extracted, i.e., they do not take into account the surroundings of a line. This leads to the undesired consequence that the line will be extracted in the wrong position whenever a line with different lateral contrast is extracted. In contrast, the algorithm proposed in this paper uses an explicit model for lines and their surroundings. By analyzing the scale-space behavior of a model line profile, it is shown how the bias that is induced by asymmetrical lines can be removed. Furthermore, the algorithm not only returns the precise subpixel line position, but also the width of the line for each line point, also with subpixel accuracy.
Surfactant/Polymer Assemblies. 2. Polyelectrolyte Properties (1998)

The polyelectrolyte nature of the aggregates formed between neutral polymer, poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) (PVP) and anionic surfactant, sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) is demonstrated via their light scattering behavior. Adding SDS to neutral PVP is similar to electrostatically charging a neutral polymer, thereby increasing electrostatic excluded volume effects and decreasing osmotic compressibility and light scattering. Similarly, once formed, the behavior of these aggregates with respect to ionic strength resembles that of normal linear polyelectrolytes; namely, increasing ionic strength decreases their interactions, as measured by A2, and decreases their Rg. Using combined electrostatic persistence length and excluded volume models, the main features of these phenomena are semiquantitatively described. Because SDS exists in multiple equilibria in the PVP/SDS solutions, the system is more complex than normal linear polyelectrolytes, and so the PVP/SDS aggregates also evidence behavior distinct from traditional polyelectrolytes.
Hereditary Susceptibility for Triple Negative Breast Cancer Associated With Western Sub-Saharan African Ancestry (2019)

West African ancestry is strongly correlated with TNBC status, as well as germline variants related to BC risk. The Duffy-null allele was associated with TNBC risk in our cohort.
Tabletting Process of Pellets Containing Bioactive Fraction DLBS1033F Isolated from <i>Lumbricus rubellus</i>: Challenge and Strategy (2015)

DLBS1033 is a mixture of bioactive proteins fractinated from the earthworm Lumbricus rubellus which possesses antithrombotic and thrombolytic activities. DLBS1033 contains a potent fibrinolytic enzyme with excellent specificity for fibrin. A commercial oral enteric coated tablet for administration 3 times daily is available on the market from the DLBS manufacturer. This research aimed to develop a multiparticulate sustained-release DLBS1033 Forte (DLBS1033F) tablet (with more potent fibrinolytic activity than DLBS1033), which has targeted release in the small intestine and colon. The chemical and physical stability of the fibrinolytic enzyme was expected to be preserved in these bowel segments. The sustained-release system was designed to maintain the effective plasma concentration of the proteins and prolong the thrombolytic activity. This was done by incorporating the proteins in a multiparticulate solid that was subsequently compressed into the monolithic system of a sustained-release tablet. The challenge was to maintain pellet integrity after the compression process. A set of studies confirmed the preserved physical shape of the pellets. In addition, in vitro release studies of the multiparticulate tablet in reassembling media of the gastrointestinal tract indicated the successful formulation of DLBS1033F as an enteric as well as sustained-release solid dosage form.
5G Wideband Magneto-Electric Dipole Antenna Fed by a Single-Layer Corporate-Feed Network based on Ridge Gap Waveguide (2020)

This paper proposes a wideband magneto-electric (ME) dipole fed by a single-layer corporate-feed network based on the ridge gap waveguide (RGW) transmission line technology for 5G backhauling applications. The proposed antenna is composed of two layers. The top layer is the radiating layer that is composed of the $2 \times 2$ ME-dipole antenna element. The bottom layer is the corporate-feed network designed based on RGW. The proposed solution differs from the conventional solution where a slot antenna is fed by RGW and a cavity layer is to excite the radiating elements in order to provide a large spacing for the corporate-feed network in the design of the array antenna. Our new design allows for a smaller antenna volume as it excited the antenna directly by the RGW without the need of cavity layer. In addition, with the use of the ME-dipole radiating element, the bandwidth performance supported by the proposed design is larger as compared to the existing conventional designs. From the obtained simulation results, the proposed antenna produces $S_{11},\le \quad -10$ dB over $24 -30$ GHz resulting in a 22% fractional bandwidth. The maximum directivity over the operating bandwidth of the simulated $2 \times 2$ ME-dipole antenna element is approximately 15.4 dBi. Thus, the proposed antenna is a good candidate for low profile fixed-beam applications.
Kaolin–epoxy‐based nanocomposites: A complementary study of the epoxy curing by FTIR and fluorescence (2009)

Abstract This work is focused on the study of the effect exerted by the presence of kaolin on the cure reaction of an epoxy‐based polymer, discussing the influence of different kaolin pretreatments. During the last few years, the interest on polymer matrix nanocomposite materials has sharply increased because generally they show improved properties when compared with those of the neat polymer (without filler). Among this sort of materials, polymer clay nanocomposites have been widely studied. However, there are not many works about kaolin‐based composites. Although several techniques have been used to monitor the cure process in epoxy‐based composites such as Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) or differential scanning calorimetry, only the use of the fluorescent response from a fluorophore seems to be adequate to monitor the reaction exactly at the interfaces at a molecular scale. In this work, FTIR and fluorimetry were used to monitor the cure reaction of the different composite systems at different curing temperatures. The analysis of FTIR experiments revealed that the presence of the reinforcement clay affects the extent of the cure reaction depending on the nature of its surface. On the other hand, the use of a fluorescent molecule chemically bonded to the reinforcement allows studying the curing exactly at the interface. Finally, with the collected data, a kinetic analysis was done and the results obtained were compared in terms of the technique used and the information source (interface or bulk). At the interface, the activation energy for the epoxy reaction is lower than that carried out in the bulk indicating that the reaction at the interface proceeds via a particular mechanism for which the reaction is favored. It seems that a higher amount of hydroxyl groups is capable of catalyzing the cure reaction. POLYM. COMPOS., 2010. © 2009 Society of Plastics Engineers
Dating the emergence of pandemic influenza viruses (2009)

Pandemic influenza viruses cause significant mortality in humans. In the 20th century, 3 influenza viruses caused major pandemics: the 1918 H1N1 virus, the 1957 H2N2 virus, and the 1968 H3N2 virus. These pandemics were initiated by the introduction and successful adaptation of a novel hemagglutinin subtype to humans from an animal source, resulting in antigenic shift. Despite global concern regarding a new pandemic influenza, the emergence pathway of pandemic strains remains unknown. Here we estimated the evolutionary history and inferred date of introduction to humans of each of the genes for all 20th century pandemic influenza strains. Our results indicate that genetic components of the 1918 H1N1 pandemic virus circulated in mammalian hosts, i.e., swine and humans, as early as 1911 and was not likely to be a recently introduced avian virus. Phylogenetic relationships suggest that the A/Brevig Mission/1/1918 virus (BM/1918) was generated by reassortment between mammalian viruses and a previously circulating human strain, either in swine or, possibly, in humans. Furthermore, seasonal and classic swine H1N1 viruses were not derived directly from BM/1918, but their precursors co-circulated during the pandemic. Mean estimates of the time of most recent common ancestor also suggest that the H2N2 and H3N2 pandemic strains may have been generated through reassortment events in unknown mammalian hosts and involved multiple avian viruses preceding pandemic recognition. The possible generation of pandemic strains through a series of reassortment events in mammals over a period of years before pandemic recognition suggests that appropriate surveillance strategies for detection of precursor viruses may abort future pandemics.
A Low-Complex One-Snapshot DOA Estimation Algorithm with Massive ULA (2017)

The conventional direction of arrival (DOA) estimation algorithms, e.g., MUSIC, root-MUSIC, and ESPRIT, may not be effective when applying to massive antenna array configuration, because they not only require a large amount of receive snapshots but also suffer from forbiddingly high computational complexity. In this letter, we propose a low-complex DOA estimation algorithm for massive uniform linear array. We first obtain coarse initial DOA estimates via the fast Fourier transmission and then search for the accurate estimates within a very small region. The proposed method needs one snapshot only and could achieve very high accuracy that is close to the Cramér–Rao bound. Simulation results are provided to corroborate the proposed studies.
Adversarial contention resolution for simple channels (2005)

This paper analyzes the worst-case performance of randomized backoff on simple multiple-access channels. Most previous analysis of backoff has assumed a statistical arrival model.For batched arrivals, in which all n packets arrive at time 0, we show the following tight high-probability bounds. Randomized binary exponential backoff has makespan Θ(nlgn), and more generally, for any constant r, r-exponential backoff has makespan Θ(nloglgrn). Quadratic backoff has makespan Θ((n/lg n)3/2), and more generally, for r>1, r-polynomial backoff has makespan Θ((n/lg n)1+1/r). Thus, for batched inputs, both exponential and polynomial backoff are highly sensitive to backoff constants. We exhibit a monotone superpolynomial subexponential backoff algorithm, called loglog-iterated backoff, that achieves makespan Θ(nlglg n/lglglg n). We provide a matching lower bound showing that this strategy is optimal among all monotone backoff algorithms. Of independent interest is that this lower bound was proved with a delay sequence argument.In the adversarial-queuing model, we present the following stability and instability results for exponential backoff and loglog-iterated backoff. Given a (λ,T)-stream, in which at most n=λT packets arrive in any interval of size T, exponential backoff is stable for arrival rates of λ=O(1/lgn) and unstable for arrival rates of λ=Ω(lglgn/lgn); loglog-iterated backoff is stable for arrival rates of λ=O(1/(lglgn\lgn)) and unstable for arrival rates of λ=Ω(1/lgn). Our instability results show that bursty input is close to being worst-case for exponential backoff and variants and that even small bursts can create instabilities in the channel.
235 ADMINISTRATION OF LEVOTHYROXINE IMPROVES THE PROPORTION OF TRANSFERABLE EMBRYOS FOLLOWING SUPEROVULATION IN JAPANESE BLACK CATTLE (2015)

The thyroid gland has a major impact on the human female reproductive system. However, its influence on reproductive competence in livestock is unclear. In cattle, superovulatory treatments often lead to high numbers of ova/embryos but low numbers of transferable embryos. Levothyroxine is a synthetic thyroid hormone that is chemically identical to thyroxine (T4), and binds to T4 receptors found in follicle cells. We aimed to determine whether levothyroxine treatment (LT) could improve the proportion of transferable embryos after superovulation in Japanese black cattle (Wagyu). First, we observed associations between the concentrations of T4, free triiodothyronine and thyroxine, and superovulatory responses (n = 95). Blood was collected before superovulatory treatment by jugular venipuncture, and serum was separated and stored at –20°C until being assayed for thyroid hormones. Second, Wagyu cattle showing a low proportion of transferable embryos (&amp;lt;30%) were assigned randomly to an LT group (n = 10) or a control group (no LT, n = 15); the LT was administered by 3 i.m. injections of 2000 mg of levothyroxine given 3 days apart; Controls received no injection. On the last day of LT, hormonal stimulation for superovulation was started as described (Ideta et al. 2007 Cloning Stem Cells 9, 571–580). The proportion of transferable embryos was compared with the same individual before/after LT. Data were analysed using Student’s t-tests. There were no significant associations between the concentrations of thyroid hormones and the superovulatory responses (no. collected oocytes/embryos, or the proportions of transferable embryos or unfertilized oocytes). However, LT dramatically increased the proportion of transferable embryos in these low-responding Wagyu cattle (Table 1). In conclusion, administration of levothyroxine improved the proportion of transferable embryos following superovulatory treatment. Further studies will be needed to investigate how LT improves the quality of bovine embryos. Table 1. Effect of levothyroxine treatment on the proportion of transferable embryos after superovulation in Wagyu cattle (means ± SE)
A 0.10 μm gate length CMOS technology with 30 Å gate dielectric for 1.0 V-1.5 V applications (2002)

High performance 0.1 /spl mu/m (physical) gate length CMOS with 30 /spl Aring/ gate dielectric (C-V: gate accumulated at V/sub gb/=-3 V) is demonstrated at 1.0 V-1.5 V. Scaling to 0.1 /spl mu/m L/sub gate/ CMOS is described. At 1.5 V, nMOS strong and nominal I/sub drive/=757 and 700 /spl mu/A//spl mu/m, and pMOS strong and nominal I/sub drive/=337 and 300 /spl mu/A//spl mu/m. For high performance at 1.0 V, n- and pMOS are designed with low V/sub T/ and higher I/sub off/ (100 nA//spl mu/m at L/sub g//sup min/). At 1 V, nMOS strong and nominal I/sub drive/ is 516 and 473 /spl mu/A//spl mu/m; pMOS strong and nominal I/sub drive/ is 220 and 188 /spl mu/A//spl mu/m. Benchmarking to FOM and CV/I metrics is performed for this 1.0-1.5 V, 0.1 /spl mu/m node and prior 1.8-1.5 V, 0.18 /spl mu/m nodes. Present 1.5 V, 0.1 /spl mu/m CMOS (as well as our recently reported 1.8-1.5 V, 0.18 /spl mu/m CMOS) has FOM and CV/I values better than the literature trend. The FOM at V/sub DD/=1.0 V (max I/sub off/=100 nA//spl mu/m) is the same as the 1.5 V FOM (max I/sub off/=1 nA//spl mu/m).
XXXVI.—Some products of the reduction of 2-hydroxyanthraquinone (1922)

A. G. Perkin and T. W. Whattam, J. Chem. Soc., Trans., 1922, 121, 289 DOI: 10.1039/CT9222100289
Network Synchronization of Linear Non-Minimum Phase Oscillators: A Motivating Example (2020)

This paper investigates the onset of synchronization in a network of linear non-minimum phase oscillators. We provide a prototype example which illustrates that full synchronization in such oscillator network under diffusive coupling may appear for only limited coupling strength, but, when the coupling is extended to a linear dynamic one, the synchronization appears for sufficiently large coupling. Also, the example at hand shows that if the coupling strength is fixed, there exists a limitation on the maximum number of nodes that can be synchronized when using diffusive couplings. In contrast, dynamic coupling allows removing such limitation. The obtained theoretical results are illustrated by computer simulations.
Development of magnetostrictive active members for control of space structures (1992)

The goal of this Phase 2 Small Business Innovative Research (SBIR) project was to determine the technical feasibility of developing magnetostrictive active members for use as truss elements in space structures. Active members control elastic vibrations of truss-based space structures and integrate the functions of truss structure element, actively controlled actuator, and sensor. The active members must control structural motion to the sub-micron level and, for many proposed space applications, work at cryogenic temperatures. Under this program both room temperature and cryogenic temperature magnetostrictive active members were designed, fabricated, and tested. The results of these performance tests indicated that room temperature magnetostrictive actuators feature higher strain, stiffness, and force capability with lower amplifier requirements than similarly sized piezoelectric or electrostrictive active members, at the cost of higher mass. Two different cryogenic temperature magnetostrictive materials were tested at liquid nitrogen temperatures, both with larger strain capability than the room temperature magnetostrictive materials. The cryogenic active member development included the design and fabrication of a cryostat that allows operation of the cryogenic active member in a space structure testbed.
Tropomyosin receptor kinase inhibitors: an updated patent review for 2010-2016 –Part I (2017)

TrkA/B/C receptor activation supports growth, survival, and differentiation of discrete neuronal populations during development, adult life, and ageing but also plays numerous roles in human disease onset and progression. Trk-specific inhibitors have therapeutic applications in cancer and pain and thus constitute a growing area of interest in oncology and neurology. There has been substantial growth in the number of structural classes of Trk inhibitors and the number of industrial entrants to the Trk inhibitor field over the past six years. Areas covered: In Part II of this two-part review, the discussion of recent patent literature covering Trk family inhibitors is continued from Part I and clinical research with Trk inhibitors is considered. Expert opinion: Trk has been molecularly targeted for over a decade resulting in the progressive evolution of structurally diversified Trk inhibitors arising from scaffold hopping and HTS efforts. Correspondingly, there have been a growing number of clinical investigations utilizing Trk inhibitors in recent years, with a particular focus on the treatment of NTRK-fusion positive cancers and chronic pain. The observed potential of Trk inhibitors to cause adverse CNS side effects however suggests the need for a more rigorous consideration of BBB permeation capabilities during drug development.
Measurements of the Branching Fractions of Charged B Decays to K+ pi- pi+ Final States (2003)

We present preliminary results of searches for exclusive charged-B decays to K+ pi- pi+ from 61.6 million BBbar pairs collected at the Upsilon(4S) resonance with the BaBar detector at the SLAC PEP-II asymmetric B Factory. The Dalitz plot is divided into eight regions and, using a maximum-likelihood fit, we measure statistically significant yields in all regions. We interpret the results as the following branching fractions averaged over charged--conjugate states: B+ --&gt; K*0 pi+, K*0 --&gt; K+ pi- = (10.3 +/- 1.2 +1.0 -2.7) x 10^-6, B+ --&gt; f0 K+, f_0 --&gt; pi+ pi- = (9.2 +/- 1.2 +2.1 -2.6) x 10^-6, B+ --&gt; chi_c0 K+, chi_c0 --&gt; pi+ pi- = (1.46 +/- 0.35 +/- 0.12) x 10^-6 and B+ --&gt; D0bar pi+, D0bar --&gt; K+ pi- = (184.6 +/- 3.2 +/- 9.7) x 10^-6. The first uncertainty is statistical and the second is systematic and includes resonance--model and interference uncertainties. We give 90% confidence upper limits on the branching fractions of the following channels: B+ --&gt; rho K+ &lt; 6.2 x 10^-6 and B+ --&gt; K+ pi- pi+ non-resonant &lt; 17 x 10^-6.
Embryonic expression of the chicken krüppel‐like (KLF) transcription factor gene family (2010)

The Krüppel-like transcription factors (KLF) are zinc finger proteins that activate and suppress target gene transcription. Although KLF factors have been implicated in regulating many developmental processes, a comprehensive gene expression analysis has not been reported. Here we present the chicken KLF gene family and expression during the first five days of embryonic development. Fourteen chicken KLF genes or expressed sequences have been previously identified. Through synteny analysis and cDNA mapping, we have identified the KLF9 gene and determined that the gene presently named KLF1 is the true ortholog of KLF17 in other species. In situ hybridization expression analyses show that in general KLFs are broadly expressed in multiple cell and tissue types. Expression of KLFs 3, 7, 8, and 9, is widespread at all stages examined. KLFs 2, 4, 5, 6, 10, 11, 15, and 17 show more restricted patterns that suggest multiple functions during early stages of embryonic development.
Kerr effect induced transient group-velocity dispersion of fused silica measured via real-time MIIPS and spectral interferometry (2013)

We demonstrate the measurement of transient dispersion in fused silica by RT-MIIPS. The results are validated via Fourier Transform Spectral Interferometry. The observed dispersion modulation is explained within a theoretical model.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Thermoelectric Properties of the New Oxide Materials Ca3‐xBixCo4O9+δ (0.0 < x < 0.75). (2000)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.