gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Behavior of a flame ionization detector working under high pressure (1973)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTBehavior of a flame ionization detector working under high pressureGilbert. Blu, Flavien. Lazarre, and Georges. GuiochonCite this: Anal. Chem. 1973, 45, 8, 1375–1380Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1973Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1973https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac60330a017https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60330a017research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views50Altmetric-Citations4LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Metathesis-based synthesis of jasmonate and homojasmonate lactones, candidates for extracellular quorum sensing molecules in Candida albicans (1999)

Ring-closing metathesis of jasmonate esters is shown to provide a rapid entry to jasmonate lactones. The lactones were investigated as possible quorum sensing molecules for the fungi Candida albicans. Assays demonstrated no effect on fungal morphology at concentrations up to 96 µM.
Phase Stability Analysis of Chirp Evoked Auditory Brainstem Responses by Gabor Frame Operators (2009)

We have recently shown that click evoked auditory brainstem responses (ABRs) can be efficiently processed using a novelty detection paradigm. Here, ABRs as a large-scale reflection of a stimulus locked neuronal group synchronization at the brainstem level are detected as novel instance-novel as compared to the spontaneous activity which does not exhibit a regular stimulus locked synchronization. In this paper we propose for the first time Gabor frame operators as an efficient feature extraction technique for ABR single sweep sequences that is in line with this paradigm. In particular, we use this decomposition technique to derive the Gabor frame phase stability (GFPS) of sweep sequences of click and chirp evoked ABRs. We show that the GFPS of chirp evoked ABRs provides a stable discrimination of the spontaneous activity from stimulations above the hearing threshold with a small number of sweeps, even at low stimulation intensities. It is concluded that the GFPS analysis represents a robust feature extraction method for ABR single sweep sequences. Further studies are necessary to evaluate the value of the presented approach for clinical applications.
Liquid flow cells having graphene on nitride for microscopy (2023)

This disclosure provides systems, methods, and apparatus related to liquid flow cells for microscopy. In one aspect, a device includes a substrate having a first and a second oxide layer disposed on surfaces of the substrate. A first and a second nitride layer are disposed on the first and second oxide layers, respectively. A cavity is defined in the first oxide layer, the first nitride layer, and the substrate, with the cavity including a third nitride layer disposed on walls of the substrate and the second oxide layer that define the cavity. A channel is defined in the second oxide layer. An inlet port and an outlet port are defined in the second nitride layer and in fluid communication with the channel. A plurality of viewports is defined in the second nitride layer. A first graphene sheet is disposed on the second nitride layer covering the plurality of viewports.
Contact adhesion between solids in vacuum. II. Deformation and interfacial energy (1978)

For pt.I see ibid., vol.10, p.127 (1977). Values of the work of adhesion (change in surface energy) may be calculated from the results of single-asperity experiments on contact adhesion between metals in vacuum. The theory assumes that plastic deformation takes place at the instant of contact, even with zero applied load. The tensile surface force at the perimeter of the contact region induces a compressive force of reaction at the centre, which causes plastic flow. The predicted consequences of this 'adhesion-induced plastic deformation' are consistent with the two types of experimental curve of electrical resistance against negative and positive load. For platinum-tungsten interfaces contaminated with a residual layer of adsorbed gas, the radius of the contact region varied from 30 to 40 nm, and the work of adhesion varied from 0.3 to 1.3 J m-2 when separation took place at the interface.
High Reflectivity p-Type Doped Distributed Bragg Reflectors Using ZnSe/MgS Superlattices (2002)

Undoped and p-type doped distributed Bragg reflectors (DBRs) have been grown by molecular beam epitaxy using ZnSe layers for the high refractive index material and ZnSe/MgS superlattices (SLs) for the low index material. The ZnSe/MgS SLs consist of 22.5 periods with a period length of 2.5 nm as confirmed by high-resolution X-ray diffraction measurements. A reflectivity of the p-type doped DBR higher than 99% at 522 nm has been achieved. The low temperature photoluminescence spectrum of the p-type doped DBR shows a strong donor–acceptor pair recombination peak at 2.686 eV.
Posterior Cramer-Rao bounds for discrete-time nonlinear filtering (1998)

A mean-square error lower bound for the discrete-time nonlinear filtering problem is derived based on the van Trees (1968) (posterior) version of the Cramer-Rao inequality. This lower bound is applicable to multidimensional nonlinear, possibly non-Gaussian, dynamical systems and is more general than the previous bounds in the literature. The case of singular conditional distribution of the one-step-ahead state vector given the present state is considered. The bound is evaluated for three important examples: the recursive estimation of slowly varying parameters of an autoregressive process, tracking a slowly varying frequency of a single cisoid in noise, and tracking parameters of a sinusoidal frequency with sinusoidal phase modulation.
Isolation of Ugi Four-Component Condensation Primary Adducts: A Straightforward Route to Isocoumarins (2010)

Ugi four-component condensation (Ugi-4CC) between 2-formylbenzoic acid, phenacylamine dimethyl acetal, and isocyanides afforded 1H-isochromen-1-ones (isocoumarins). These products, where structure corresponds to the tautomeric enediamine form of the Ugi-4CC primary adducts, were stable enough to allow their isolation and characterization. Stable isocoumarins were also obtained by employing anilines as the amino component in the Ugi four-component condensation.
On enhancing eutectic solder joint reliability using a second-reflow-process approach (2000)

A three-dimensional (3-D) solder liquid formation model is developed for predicting the geometry, the restoring force and the reliability of solder joints in an area array of interconnects [e.g., ball grid array (BGA), flip chip] with various pad configurations. In general, the restoring force and the reliability of the solder joints depend on the thermal-mechanical behavior of the solder, the geometry of the solder ball, and the geometry layout/material properties of the package. A good solder pad configuration could lead to a larger restoring force along the gravitational direction (a higher standoff height and a blunter contact angle) with better reliability characteristics achieved. In this research, a second-reflow-process approach is applied for the reliability enhancement of typical EGA assemblies, including PBGA and SuperBGA assemblies. The results show that for a typical PBGA assembly, the ratio of the enhancement by application of the second-reflow-process approach is 2.03 based on the Coffin-Manson criterion and 1.4 based on the energy density based method, and more significantly, for a typical SuperBGA assembly, it is 7.17 and 2.422, respectively.
Etiology of acute lower respiratory tract infections in Gambian children (1991)

Ninety infants less than 1 year of age with pneumonia and 43 control infants were investigated for viral and chlamydial infection with the use of culture and serology and for bacterial infection with the use of blood cultures, lung aspirates, antibody assays and antigen detection procedures. One or more potential pathogens were identified in 62 (69%) cases with pneumonia and in 12 (28%) controls. Infection by respiratory viruses was identified in 42 (49%) cases and in 8 (19%) controls. Respiratory syncytial virus was the commonest pathogen identified and was found in 32 cases (37%). Bacterial infections were also common, being found in 27 (30%) cases and 3 (7%) controls, and predominantly involved Streptococcus pneumoniae (20%) or Haemophilus influenzae (11%). Bacterial infections were associated with raised white blood cell counts and were identified more often by antigen detection procedures (68%) than by culture of blood or lung aspirates (34%) or by serology (33%). Mixed viral-bacterial infections were identified in 13 cases (15%). Infection with Chlamydia trachomatis was diagnosed in 2 infants with acute lower respiratory tract infection and in 1 control infant.
'It's More Fun With My Phone': A Replication Study of Cell Phone Presence and Task Performance'. (2017)

From distracted driving, to work focus on a computer,increasing amounts of research is investigating how digitaltechnology influences users’ attention. A couple of widelycited studies have found that the mere presence of cell phonesinterferes with social interactions and cognitive performance,even when not actively in use. These studies have importantimplications but they have not yet been replicated, and alsosuffer from methodological shortcomings and lack ofestablished theoretical frameworks to explain the observedeffects. We improved the methodology used in a previousstudy of phone presence and task performance (Thornton,Faires, Robbins, &amp;amp; Rollins, 2014), while testing an‘opportunity cost’ model of mental effort and attention(Kurzban, Duckworth, Kable, &amp;amp; Myers, 2013). We wereunable to replicate Thornton et al.’s finding that presence ofcell phones reduces performance in a specific cognitive task(additive digit cancellation). Moreover, contrary to ourexpectations, we found that participants who used theirphones more, and who were more attached to them, found thetasks more fun/exciting and effortless, if they completed themwith their phone present.
Pressure drop and holdup predictions in horizontal oil–water flows for curved and wavy interfaces (2014)

In this work a modified two-fluid model was developed based on experimental observations of the interface configuration in stratified liquid–liquid flows. The experimental data were obtained in a horizontal 14 mmID acrylic pipe, for test oil and water superficial velocities ranging from 0.02 m/s to 0.51 m/s and from 0.05 m/s to 0.62 m/s, respectively. Using conductance probes, average interface heights were obtained at the pipe centre and close to the pipe wall, which revealed a concave interface shape in all cases studied. A correlation between the two heights was developed that was used in the two-fluid model. In addition, from the time series of the probe signal at the pipe centre, the average wave amplitude was calculated to be 0.0005 m and was used as an equivalent roughness in the interfacial shear stress model. Both the interface shape and roughness were considered in the two-fluid model together with literature interfacial shear stress correlations. Results showed that the inclusion of both the interface curvature and the equivalent roughness in the two-fluid model improved its predictions of pressure drop and interface height over the range of studied superficial oil and water velocities. Compared to the two-fluid model with other interfacial shear stress correlations, the modified model performed better particularly for predicting pressure drop.
Antifungal Peptides: Novel Therapeutic Compounds against Emerging Pathogens (1999)

The need for safe and effective antifungal agents increases in parallel with the expanding number of immunocompromised patients at risk for invasive fungal infections. The emergence of fungal pathogens resistant to current therapies further compounds the dearth of antifungal agents. Currently
Mesoporous aluminosilicate MCM-41 as a convenient acid catalyst for Friedel–Crafts alkylation of a bulky aromatic compound with cinnamyl alcohol (1995)

Owing to its large molecular size, alkylation of 2,4-di-tert-butylphenol with cinnamyl alcohol does not take plAcc using HY zeolite (pore opening 7.4 Å) as catalyst even after controlled steaming treatment to increase its mesoporosity; by contrast, novel mesoporous aluminosilicate MCM-41 catalyses this reaction giving rise to 6,8-di-tert-butyl-2-phenyl-2,3-dihydro[4H]benzopyran (arising from intramolecular cyclization of the primary cinnamylphenol) together with 4-tert-butylphenol and small amounts of 6-tert-butyl-2-phenyl-2,3-dihydro[4H]benzopyran.
Infection and Cancer: Revaluation of the Hygiene Hypothesis (2013)

Several studies have shown that persistent infections and inflammation can favor carcinogenesis. At the same time, certain types of pathogens and antitumor immune responses can decrease the risk of tumorigenesis or lead to cancer regression. Infectious agents and their products can orchestrate a wide range of host immune responses, through which they may positively or negatively modulate cancer development and/or progression. The factors that direct this dichotomous influence of infection-mediated immunity on carcinogenesis are not well understood. Even though not universal, several previous reports have investigated the inverse link of pathogen-induced "benign" inflammation to carcinogenesis and various other pathologies, ranging from autoimmune diseases to allergy and cancer. Several models and ideas are discussed in this review, including the impact of decreased exposure to pathogens, as well as the influence of pathogen load, the timing of infection, and the type of instigated immune response on carcinogenesis. These phenomena should guide future investigations into identifying novel targets within the microbial and host proteome, which will assist in the development of cancer therapeutics and vaccine remedies, analogous to earlier efforts based on helminthic components for the prevention and/or treatment of several pathologies.
Minimizing Coring-Induced Damage in Consolidated Rock (2002)

Abstract During a successful coring operation some 720 meter of continuous core hasbeen taken with full recovery. The main purpose of the core is to obtainmaterial for rock mechanical testing. To minimize coring-induced damage, asystematic and detailed planning is made for all stages of the coringoperation. New models are developed to avoid core damage due to core bendingduring retrieval through a curved wellbore and to determine the maximumtripping velocity for core retrieval without harmful over-pressurization.Preliminary laboratory test results indicate a high core quality.
Developing antibodies for targeting immunoglobulin and membrane-bound immunoglobulin E. (2006)

The development of anti-immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies for prophylactic and therapeutic applications in allergic diseases has taken nearly 20 years. Limited usage has been approved for allergic asthma. The usage in other allergic indications is in active development and may take an additional 5-10 years. The current therapeutic anti-IgE, which includes two humanized recombinant monoclonal antibodies, is the result of rational drug design, taking into consideration the structural features of IgE and membrane-bound IgE (mIgE) and various techniques collectively referred to as antibody engineering. Unlike ordinary antibodies specific for human IgE, a therapeutic anti-IgE, although capable of binding tightly to free IgE and mIgE, does not bind to IgE bound by the high-affinity IgE.Fc receptors (FcERI) on mast cells and basophils and by the low-affinity IgE.Fc receptors (FcepsilonRII, or CD23) on B cells, granulocytes, and many other cell types. The therapeutic anti-IgE is efficacious in treating allergic patients in whom IgE mediates the major allergic responses. It possesses multiple potential pharmacologic effects; researchers still are uncovering its previously unknown immunoregulatory effects. The human studies of the therapeutic anti-IgE have gradually settled many controversial views relating to IgE, such as the roles of IgE in the pathogenesis of asthma, immune defense, and early and late-phase reactions of allergic responses. Studies on the unique structural mIgE CepsilonmX domain and on the regulatory effects of anti-CepsilonmX monoclonal antibodies will be an area for future investigation of the potential of long-term IgE regulation.
Transfusion‐associated necrotising enterocolitis in very low birth weight premature infants (2012)

In this study, we sought to evaluate all VLBW infants, whether they received a transfusion or not. We suggest that transfusion associated NEC exists, but many other factors influence this multifactorial disease. The age of NEC onset was later in transfused vs non-transfused patients, whereas the interval between transfusion and NEC was shorter in transfused vs non-transfused patients.
Diazonium Salts as Grafting Agents and Efficient Radical Hydrosilylation Initiators for Freestanding Photoluminescent Silicon Nanocrystals (2014)

The reactivity of diazonium salts towards freestanding, photoluminescent silicon nanocrystals (SiNCs) is reported. It was found that SiNCs can be functionalized with aryl groups via direct reductive grafting of the diazonium salts. Furthermore diazonium salts proved to act as efficient radical initiators for SiNC hydrosilylation. For this purpose, novel electron deficient diazonium salts, highly soluble in nonpolar solvents, were synthesized. Thus the SiNCs were functionalized with a variety of alkenes and alkynes at room temperature with short reaction times.
Polarization isolation requirements for linear dual-polarization weather Radar in simultaneous transmission mode of operation (2006)

A dual-polarization radar system operating in simultaneous transmission mode of both horizontal and vertical polarization states is a viable implementation if only copolar measurements are needed. The simultaneous transmission of horizontal and vertical polarizations results in an arbitrary elliptical polarization state transmitted, whereas the reception states in horizontal and vertical polarizations are neither copolar nor cross-polar to the transmitted state. Because of this, it is often referred as the hybrid mode. Previous studies have shown that the hybrid mode in the linear horizontal and vertical polarization basis is capable of providing measurements similar to the alternate transmission mode for most measurement conditions. These findings are based on the assumption of perfect sensing systems. This paper presents the results of radar system limitations on hybrid mode measurements that in turn are converted to system requirements. It is shown that the polarization purity requirement is more stringent for the hybrid mode compared to the alternate mode of operation.
Challenge-driven attention: Interacting frontal and brainstem systems (2008)

The world is an unpredictable place, presenting challenges that fluctuate from moment to moment. However, the neural systems for responding to such challenges are far from fully understood. Using fMRI, we studied an audiovisual task in which the trials' difficulty and onset times varied unpredictably. Two regions were found to increase their activation for challenging trials, with their activities strongly correlated: right frontal cortex and the brainstem. The frontal area matched regions found in previous human studies of cognitive control, and activated in a graded manner with increasing task difficulty. The brainstem responded only to the most difficult trials, showing a phasic activity pattern paralleling locus coeruleus recordings in monkeys. These results reveal a bridge between animal and human studies, and suggest interacting roles for the brainstem and right frontal cortex: the brainstem may signal that an attentional challenge is occurring, while right frontal cortex allocates cognitive resources in response.
BRDF Reconstruction from Video Streams of Multi-View Recordings (2004)

Synthesizing photorealistic images is an active area of research in computer \ngraphics. Image based rendering combined with inverse rendering methods is used \nto generate photorealistic images from real world images under novel \nillumination conditions. Traditionally, very high-quality real world images of \nstatic objects, obtained under known viewing and lighting conditions are used \nin inverse rendering for the measurement of surface reflectance properties. \nThis thesis focuses on surface material reconstruction of dynamic objects from \nvideo streams of multi-view recordings. Working with fairly low resolution \nmovie streams of a dynamic object recorded in known viewing conditions and a \ngeometry model tracked through all time steps, we approximate the best light \nsource configuration, and measure the bidirectional reflectance distribution \nfunction of the object. We construct diffuse and specular maps for the whole \nsequence, and a diffuse correction map for each time step. We have applied our \nmethod to sequences of a human actor and are now able to synthesize views of \nthe actor in arbitrary poses under arbitrary lighting conditions.
Boycott anti-ERA states? (1979)

Share Icon Share Twitter Facebook Reddit LinkedIn Reprints and Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation W. Moellering, James Potzick, Benny J. Hill; Boycott anti‐ERA states?. Physics Today 1 January 1979; 32 (1): 94. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.2995381 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentPhysics Today Search Advanced Search
Interdiffusion: fractal structures, scaling, size effect (1990)

Interdiffusion that proceeds via the vacancy mechanism with formation of an ideal substitutional solid solution is investigated by Monte Carlo simulation on a square lattice. The produced stochastic structures studied are the percolation diffusion front and the total boundary of the clusters. It is shown that they have a fractal geometry and that their evolution is characterized by a number of critical exponents. A conclusion is made that the fractal nature of the diffusion front leads to diffusion size effect in thin films. The approach used permits description of propagation of superconducting, conducting, magnetic and other phases during interdiffusion.