gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Visual High Dimensional Hypothesis Testing (2021)

In exploratory data analysis of known classes of high dimensional data, a central question is how distinct are the classes? The Direction Projection Permutation (DiProPerm) hypothesis test provides an answer to this that is directly connected to a visual analysis of the data. In this paper, we propose an improved DiProPerm test that solves 3 major challenges of the original version. First, we implement only balanced permutations to increase the test power for data with strong signals. Second, our mathematical analysis leads to an adjustment to correct the null behavior of both balanced and the conventional all permutations. Third, new confidence intervals (reflecting permutation variation) for test significance are also proposed for comparison of results across different contexts. This improvement of DiProPerm inference is illustrated in the context of comparing cancer types in examples from The Cancer Genome Atlas.
Development of a Microfluidic Array to Study Drug Response in Breast Cancer (2019)

Luminal geometries are common structures in biology, which are challenging to mimic using conventional in vitro techniques based on the use of Petri dishes. In this context, microfluidic systems can mimic the lumen geometry, enabling a large variety of studies. However, most microfluidic models still rely on polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), a material that is not amenable for high-throughput fabrication and presents some limitations compared with other materials such as polystyrene. Thus, we have developed a microfluidic device array to generate multiple bio-relevant luminal structures utilizing polystyrene and micro-milling. This platform offers a scalable alternative to conventional microfluidic devices designed in PDMS. Additionally, the use of polystyrene has well described advantages, such as lower permeability to hydrophobic molecules compared with PDMS, while maintaining excellent viability and optical properties. Breast cancer cells cultured in the devices exhibited high cell viability similar to PDMS-based microdevices. Further, co-culture experiments with different breast cell types showed the potential of the model to study breast cancer invasion. Finally, we demonstrated the potential of the microfluidic array for drug screening, testing chemotherapy drugs and photodynamic therapy agents for breast cancer.
Shock response of nano-diamonds explored by dynamic x-ray diffraction shock compression (2020)

We have investigated the shock response of detonation nano-diamonds under dynamic conditions using the Dynamic Compression Sector of the Advance Photon Source for the purposes of understanding the potential fracture mechanism of nano-diamonds and to identify potential avenues for structural energy release. Commercial detonation nano-diamonds exhibit a compressed core, expanded shell that has been proposed to be a potential source for structural bond energy release under a fracture condition. Dynamic diffraction images from two-stage light gas gun experiments to 5.3 km/s were collected on compressed samples of nano-diamonds and Viton fluoropolymer binder mixture in various shock states. Powder diffraction data is refined to extract out core/shell changes with shock loading and show a bimodal response where the shell signal decreases with shock loading while the core signal shows a non-fractured response. These points to a partial fracturing of the nano-diamond particle without accompanying energy release from the core.
TGG ceramic-based Faraday isolator for high-energy pulsed lasers with kW average power (2013)

A 35 dB Faraday isolator under kW-level laser radiation was demonstrated using a TGG ceramic with water cooling and compensation for thermally-induced depolarization. This isolator is scalable to large apertures for kJ pulse laser systems.
Statistical Estimation Model for Product Quality of Petroleum (2006)

Controls of the temperature, pressure and flowing quantity are important for the stable operation of the product quality in the distillation tower. The usual measuring way of product quality estimation is made by the off-line analysis. In this paper, online estimation method of product quality is studied for improving the product quality. The estimation method based on stochastic analysis was developed for online estimation. In this paper, the data of temperature, pressure and flow volum in the distillation tower are treated. As the estimation models, RNN (Recurrent Neural Net Work) and PLS (Partial Least Square Regression Method) were adopted. The actual plant data were used in the analysis. Both PLS and RNN models could compensate each other to improve the accuracy in estimation.
Green Synthesis of Selenium and Tellurium Nanoparticles: Current Trends, Biological Properties and Biomedical Applications (2021)

The synthesis and assembly of nanoparticles using green technology has been an excellent option in nanotechnology because they are easy to implement, cost-efficient, eco-friendly, risk-free, and amenable to scaling up. They also do not require sophisticated equipment nor well-trained professionals. Bionanotechnology involves various biological systems as suitable nanofactories, including biomolecules, bacteria, fungi, yeasts, and plants. Biologically inspired nanomaterial fabrication approaches have shown great potential to interconnect microbial or plant extract biotechnology and nanotechnology. The present article extensively reviews the eco-friendly production of metalloid nanoparticles, namely made of selenium (SeNPs) and tellurium (TeNPs), using various microorganisms, such as bacteria and fungi, and plants' extracts. It also discusses the methodologies followed by materials scientists and highlights the impact of the experimental sets on the outcomes and shed light on the underlying mechanisms. Moreover, it features the unique properties displayed by these biogenic nanoparticles for a large range of emerging applications in medicine, agriculture, bioengineering, and bioremediation.
Retinoic acid receptor status in mouse spleen during a primary immune response against beta-galactosidase. (2000)

The data obtained indicate the involvement of RAR in the late phase of an in vivo immune response.
Local unitary versus local Clifford equivalence of stabilizer and graph states (2007)

The equivalence of stabilizer states under local transformations is of fundamental interest in understanding properties and uses of entanglement. Two stabilizer states are equivalent under the usual stochastic local operations and classical communication criterion if and only if they are equivalent under local unitary (LU) operations. More surprisingly, under certain conditions, two LU-equivalent stabilizer states are also equivalent under local Clifford (LC) operations, as was shown by Van den Nest et al. [Phys. Rev. A 71, 062323 (2005)]. Here, we broaden the class of stabilizer states for which LU equivalence implies LC equivalence $(\mathrm{LU}\ensuremath{\Leftrightarrow}\mathrm{LC})$ to include all stabilizer states represented by graphs with cycles of length neither 3 nor 4. To compare our result with Van den Nest et al.'s, we show that any stabilizer state of distance $\ensuremath{\delta}=2$ is beyond their criterion. We then further prove that $\mathrm{LU}\ensuremath{\Leftrightarrow}\mathrm{LC}$ holds for a more general class of stabilizer states of $\ensuremath{\delta}=2$. We also explicitly construct graphs representing $\ensuremath{\delta}&gt;2$ stabilizer states which are beyond their criterion: we identify all 58 graphs with up to 11 vertices and construct graphs with ${2}^{m}\ensuremath{-}1$ $(m\ensuremath{\geqslant}4)$ vertices using quantum error-correcting codes which have non-Clifford transversal gates.
Impurity-profile-based threshold-voltage model of pocket-implanted MOSFETs for circuit simulation (2002)

A new threshold voltage (V/sub th/) model has been developed for the pocket-implant technology. The model extracts the threshold condition from the entire mobile charge concentration in the channel with only five additional parameters; the maximum doping concentration (N/sub subp/) of the pocket profile, the penetration length (L/sub p/) into the channel, and three enhanced short-channel parameters. The model reproduces the measured V/sub th/ versus. gate-length (L/sub gate/) characteristics with an average error of a few millivolts under any bias conditions.
Interactions between Lubricin and Hyaluronic Acid Synergistically Enhance Antiadhesive Properties (2019)

Preventing the unwanted adsorption of proteins and cells at articular cartilage surfaces plays a critical role in maintaining healthy joints and avoiding degenerative diseases such as osteoarthritis. Immobilized at the surface of healthy articular cartilage is a thin, interfacial layer of macromolecules consisting mainly of hyaluronic acid (HA) and lubricin (LUB; a.k.a. PRG4) that is believed to form a co-adsorbed, composite film now known to exhibit synergistic tribological properties. Bioinspired by the composition of cartilage surfaces, composite layers of HA and LUB were grafted to Au surfaces and the antiadhesive properties were assessed using surface plasmon resonance and quartz crystal microbalance. A clear synergistic enhancement in antiadhesive properties was observed in the composite films relative to grafted HA and LUB layers alone. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) normal force measurements provide insight into the architecture of the HA/LUB composite layer and implicate a strong contribution of hydrophobic interactions in the binding of LUB end-domains directly to HA chains. These AFM force measurements indicate that the adhesion of LUB to HA is strong and indicate that the hydrophobic coupling of LUB to HA shields the hydrophobic domains in these molecules from interactions with other proteins or molecules.
Electronic States of Boron and Phosphorus in Diamond (1999)

The electronic states of boron and phosphorus in diamond have been studied by infrared absorption and photo-thermal ionisation spectroscopies. High quality boron doped synthetic diamond (p-type conductive) and phosphorus-doped CVD diamond film (n-type conductive) were used for this study. In the case of boron-doped diamond, the four main excited states of the bound hole follow a Rydberg series, suggesting that boron has a hydrogen-like behaviour, with a weak splitting of the excited states. The consistent values of the optical ionisation energy (E0 = 382 meV), of an “average” effective mass (m* = 0.74m0) and of the Bohr radius of the ground state (a* = 4.1 Å) deduced from the Rydberg series support this suggestion. The comparison with the effective mass approximation, applied for acceptor states in diamond, suggests that the top of the valence band of diamond is different from that of silicon and germanium. In the case of phosphorus-doped diamond, two excited states of the bound electron have been observed for the first time, at 523 and 562 meV from the ground level. The good agreement with the effective mass approximation suggests that phosphorus is a shallow donor, and allows us to propose a first value of the optical ionisation energy of phosphorus in diamond of about 600 meV, consistent with Hall effect measurements.
Формирование наноразмерных ферромагнитных филаментов Ni в пленках ZrO-=SUB=-2-=/SUB=-(Y) (2021)

In thin ZrO2 (Y) / Ni films, with used of an atomic force microscope (AFM) probe, conductive ferromagnetic filaments of nanometer sizes, consisting of Ni atoms, are formed. Memristor structures based on such films, the upper electrode of which was the AFM probe, demonstrated bipolar-type resistive switching (RP) associated with the destruction and reduction of Ni filaments. The area where the conducting filament emerges on the surface of the ZrO2 (Y) film manifested itself in the magnetic force image as a single-domain ferromagnetic particle.
Protective role of glutathione S‐transferase P1 (GSTP1) Val105Val genotype in patients with bronchial asthma (2003)

These results suggest a significant association between GSTP1 Ile105Val polymorphism and susceptibility to asthma and that the GSTP1 Val105Val genotype may be protective against developing this disease.
Methane- and difluoromethanediphosphonate analogs of geranyl diphosphate: hydrolysis-inert alternate substrates (1987)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMethane- and difluoromethanediphosphonate analogs of geranyl diphosphate: hydrolysis-inert alternate substratesKay E. Stremler and C. Dale PoulterCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1987, 109, 18, 5542–5544Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1987Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1987https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00252a050https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00252a050research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views190Altmetric-Citations41LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Detrital-zircon records of Cenomanian, Paleocene, and Oligocene Gulf of Mexico drainage integration and sediment routing: Implications for scales of basin-floor fans (2017)

Abstract This paper uses detrital zircon (DZ) provenance and geochronological data to reconstruct paleodrainage areas and lengths for sediment-routing systems that fed the Cenomanian Tuscaloosa-Woodbine, Paleocene Wilcox, and Oligocene Vicksburg-Frio clastic wedges of the northern Gulf of Mexico (GoM) margin. During the Cenomanian, an ancestral Tennessee-Alabama River system with a distinctive Appalachian DZ signature was the largest system contributing water and sediment to the GoM, with a series of smaller systems draining the Ouachita Mountains and discharging sediment to the western GoM. By early Paleocene Wilcox deposition, drainage of the southern half of North America had reorganized such that GoM contributing areas stretched from the Western Cordillera to the Appalachians, and sediment was delivered to a primary depocenter in the northwestern GoM, the Rockdale depocenter fed by a paleo–Brazos-Colorado River system, as well as to the paleo–Mississippi River in southern Louisiana. By the Oligocene, the western drainage divide for the GoM had migrated east to the Laramide Rockies, with much of the Rockies now draining through the paleo–Red River and paleo–Arkansas River systems to join the paleo–Mississippi River in the southern Mississippi embayment. The paleo–Tennessee River had diverted to the north toward its present-day junction with the Ohio River by this time, thus becoming a tributary to the paleo-Mississippi within the northern Mississippi embayment. Hence, the paleo-Mississippi was the largest Oligocene system of the northern GoM margin. Drainage basin organization has had a profound impact on sediment delivery to the northern GoM margin. We use paleodrainage reconstructions to predict scales of associated basin-floor fans and test our predictions against measurements made from an extensive GoM database. We predict large fan systems for the Cenomanian paleo–Tennessee-Alabama, and especially for the two major depocenters of the early Paleocene paleo–Brazos-Colorado and late Paleocene–earliest Eocene paleo-Mississippi systems, and for the Oligocene paleo-Mississippi. With the notable exception of the Oligocene, measured fans reside within the range of our predictions, indicating that this approach can be exported to other basins that are less data rich.
The Impact of Emerging Technologies on Architectures and System-level Management: Invited Paper (2019)

The goal of this work is to introduce and discuss different kinds of emerging technologies for logic circuitry and memory with respect to the key question of how they will impact future system-on-chip architectures and system-level management techniques. It is obvious that emerging technologies should have an impact there in order to fully exploit their technological advantages but also in order to deal with any disadvantages they might come with. In this special session paper, three promising emerging technologies are presented: (i) Negative Capacitance Field-Effect Transistor (NCFET) as a new CMOS technology with advantages primarily for low-power design, (ii) Ferroelectric FET (FeFET) as a non-volatile, area-efficient and low-power combined logic and memory as well as (iii) a Phase-Change Memory (PCM) and Resistive RAM (ReRAM) offering a large potential for tackling the memory wall problem in the von Neumann architecture. Our analysis demonstrates that not only new computing paradigms are promoted by these new technologies, it will also be seen that the trade-offs between the classical design parameters of low power, performance etc. will shift and hence emerging technologies will offer new Pareto points in the design space of future on-chip architectures. In that context, this work is unique as it bridges the gap between the technology side and system/architecture-level side to draw a vision of new technologies and their impact on architectures and system-level management.
Dependable IoT Using Blockchain-Based Technology (2018)

In the last few years, novel approaches for using blockchain to solve Internet of Things (IoT) security and dependability issues have been proposed. Currently, different solutions were applied to Smart Homes, Smart Cities, Smart Grids, Supply Chains, Industry, and Vehicular Networks scenarios. Despite of that, the main advantages on the adoption of different architectures, models and algorithms proposed in the state of art of blockchain in IoT scenarios are not yet clear. This paper presents some discussion about the usage of blockchain technology in IoT environments and proposes a layer model of blockchains for IoT. In addition, we present an overview of the latest research regarding network architectures, consensus algorithms, data management, and applications. Finally, this paper presents open issues and future trends about blockchain in IoT.
A Randomized Linear Programming Method for Computing Network Bid Prices (1999)

We analyze a randomized version of the deterministic linear programming (DLP) method for computing network bid prices. The method consists of simulating a sequence of realizations of itinerary demand and solving deterministic linear programs to allocate capacity to itineraries for each realization. The dual prices from this sequence are then averaged to form a bid price approximation. This randomized linear programming (RLP) method is only slightly more complicated to implement than the DLP method. We show that the RLP method can be viewed as a procedure for estimating the gradient of the expected perfect information (PI) network revenue. That is, the expected revenue obtained with full information on future demand realizations. The expected PI revenue can, in turn, be viewed as an approximation to the optimal value function. We establish conditions under which the RLP procedure provides an unbiased estimator of the gradient of the expected PI revenue. Computational tests are performed to evaluate the revenue performance of the RLP method compared to the DLP.
Effect of Charge Distribution in Quantum Dots Array on Two-Dimensional Electron Gas (2000)

With InGaAs quantum dots (QDs) embedded in the vicinity, GaAs/AlGaAs two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) was studied by transport measurements and by calculations with QDs charges as Coulomb scattering centers. The mobility of 2DEG decreases with increasing QDs density up to 5×10 10 cm -2 , which can be fitted by considering the finite spatial extension of QD-charge distribution. However, two distinct effects are observed as the QDs density increases from 5×10 10 cm -2 to 2×10 11 cm -2 . One is that the 2DEG mobility is saturated at a low level, and the other is that it gradually approaches the high value of 2DEG without QDs. The former can be reproduced by taking into account the interdot overlapping of electron probability distributions, while the latter is argued to be the result of interdot coupling through wavefunction overlapping. These explanations are supported further by the temperature dependence of the conductance.
High fluoride conduction in oxyfluoride glasses containing heavy metal ions. (1990)

Thermal image furnace melting and twin roller quenching were used to prepare the high fluoride conducting oxyfluoride glasses in the systems of ZnF2-PbF2-SiO2, BiF3-PbF2-SiO2 and MnF2-PbF2-SiO2. The dc electrical conductivities of these glasses were measured as a function of temperature. In all the systems, it was possible to find the glass compositions with high conductivitiy more than 10-4Scm-1 (200°C). The good correlation between logσ and the average polarizability calculated from the constituent cations was observed.
Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase-Interacting Kinase Regulates mTOR/AKT Signaling and Controls the Serine/Arginine-Rich Protein Kinase-Responsive Type 1 Internal Ribosome Entry Site-Mediated Translation and Viral Oncolysis (2014)

Oncolytic immunotherapy with PVSRIPO, the type 1 live-attenuated poliovirus (PV) (Sabin) vaccine containing a human rhinovirus type 2 (HRV2) IRES, is demonstrating early promise in clinical trials with intratumoral infusion in recurrent glioblastoma (GBM). Our investigations demonstrate that the core mechanistic principle of PVSRIPO, tumor-selective translation and cytotoxicity, relies on constitutive ERK1/2-MNK signals that counteract the deleterious effects of runaway AKT-SRPK activity in malignancy.
The accurate measurement of insulin molarity (1969)

In order to study critically some physical char- acteristics and biological properties of insulin we needed an accurate measurement of the molarity of insulin solutions. Herskovits (1965) has measured the concentration ofinsulin by nitrogen analysis and published a value for the molar extinction coefficient of 5-96 x 103 at 277nm. This contrasts with the value of 5*22 x 103 obtained by Praissman & Rupley (1968) from dry-weight determinations corrected for counterion content. It occurred to us that this considerable difference could arise if the wrong value for the nitrogen content of insulin was assumed. The amide nitrogen atoms of insulin are known to be labile In an extreme case insulin could lose 6 amide nitrogen atoms/mol., thus decreasing its nitrogen content from 65 to 59 atoms/mol. (Sanger, 1960). Another potential source of error is the small but measurable amount of proinsulin that commercial preparations of insulin are known to contain (Schmidt & Arens, 1968).
Atomic and molecular spectroscopy with optical-frequency-comb-referenced IR coherent sources (2013)

We provide a review of progress in the development of metrological-grade measurements in atomic and molecular systems through the extension, in the mid-infrared and far-infrared range, of optical frequency combs (OFCs) and the introduction of new techniques and highly coherent sources.
Combustibles de synthèse à partir de ressources hydrocarbonées (2023)

Ce chapitre fait état des principales voies de production de carburants de synthèse à partir de l’énergie solaire concentrée et des matériaux carbonés. D’une part, il est possible de convertir les hydrocarbures (gaz, liquides) par thermolyse ou reformage. D’autre part, les solides carbonés peuvent être gazéifiés pour produire un gaz de synthèse.