gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Millimeter-wave dual mode radar for headway control in IVHS (2002)

In intelligent vehicle and highway systems (IVHS), lateral and headway vehicle control is used to maintain stable driving. Headway control keeps the controlled vehicle an appropriate distance from vehicles directly ahead. Each vehicle needs to have an obstacle detection system installed to monitor distances to the preceding vehicle and its relative speed. In the future, headway control systems for consumer use must be cheap and capable of operating in all environmental conditions. To enable such equipment to be built, a dual mode millimeter-wave radar has been proposed. It would be able to operate in both radar mode, in which it would measure the distance to the leading vehicle, and in communication mode, in which it would exchange data with a vehicle ahead of it. By operating in two modes alternately, the dual mode radar can provide the headway control system with all the data needed to control the distances to the leading vehicles, their speeds, acceleration conditions, and the leading vehicle's steering angle and brake signal. The data can then be used for stable control of the vehicles. This paper describes the concept of the dual mode radar system and the results of the experiments undertaken.
Negative Regulation of c- kit -Mediated Cell Proliferation by FcγRIIB (1999)

Abstract FcγRIIB are single-chain low-affinity receptors for IgG that bear an immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibition motif in their intracytoplasmic domain and that negatively regulate immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motif-dependent cell activation. They are widely expressed by cells of hematopoietic origin. We investigated here whether FcγRIIB could also negatively regulate protein tyrosine kinase receptor (RTK)-dependent cell proliferation. As an experimental model, we used growth factor-dependent mast cells that constitutively express FcγRIIB and c-kit, an RTK prototype. We found that anti-c-kit Abs mimicked the effect of stem cell factor and induced thymidine incorporation in FcγRIIB−/−, but not in wild-type (wt) mast cells unless FcγRIIB were blocked or anti-c-kit F(ab′)2 were used. When coaggregated with c-kit by intact Abs in wt mast cells, FcγRIIB inhibited thymidine incorporation, as well as cell proliferation, and inhibition was correlated with an arrest of cells in G1 during the cell cycle. The coaggregation of c-kit with FcγRIIB did not affect ligand-induced c-kit phosphorylation and induced the tyrosyl-phosphorylation of FcγRIIB, which selectively recruited the Src homology 2 domain-bearing inositol 5-phosphatase SHIP. Our results indicate that IgG Abs to growth factors or growth factor receptors may control RTK-dependent proliferation of a variety of cells that express FcγRIIB.
Highly Active and Selective Pd–Cu–TiO2 Catalyst for the Direct Synthesis of Benzyl Acetate by Gas Phase Acetoxylation of Toluene (2004)

Abstract Extremely high benzyl acetate selectivity (ca. 94%) at a toluene conversion of ca. 60% was achieved over Pd–Cu–TiO2 catalyst for the first time by gas phase acetoxylation of toluene with good long-term stability.
Early detection of Knudson's two-hits in preneoplastic renal cells of the Eker rat model by the laser microdissection procedure. (1995)

Hereditary renal cell carcinomas invariably develop by the age of 1 year in Eker rats. At the histological level, renal cell carcinomas develop through multiple stages from early preneoplastic lesions (e.g., phenotypically altered tubules) to adenomas. We previously reported that ionizing radiation induces additional tumors (large adenomas and carcinomas) in a linear dose-response relationship and that loss of heterozygosity (LOH) at chromosome 10, where the predisposing tuberous sclerosis (Tsc2) gene is localized, was found in the renal cell carcinomas which developed from hybrid F1 rats carrying the Eker mutation, indicating that in heterozygotes two events (one inherited, one somatic) are necessary to produce at least large adenomas and carcinomas. This study was designed to examine LOH in the earliest preneoplastic lesions, using a laser microdissection procedure. We could accurately dissect single altered renal tubules out of freeze-dried sections and clearly detected LOH in 4 of 19 altered tubules (21%). This is the first demonstration of LOH in single renal tubules. Our present results support the theory of a second, somatic mutation (second hit) as rate-limiting step of renal carcinogenesis in the Eker rat model of dominantly inherited cancer and the tumor suppressor nature of the Tsc2 gene function.
Detection, classification, and analysis of inter-domain traffic with spoofed source IP addresses (2017)

IP traffic with forged source addresses (i.e., spoofed traffic) enables a series of threats ranging from the impersonation of remote hosts to massive denial-of-service attacks. Consequently, IP address spoofing received considerable attention with efforts to either suppress spoofing, to mitigate its consequences, or to actively measure the ability to spoof in individual networks. However, as of today, we still lack a comprehensive understanding both of the prevalence and the characteristics of spoofed traffic "in the wild" as well as of the networks that inject spoofed traffic into the Internet.
Marked Attenuation of Inflammatory Mediator-Induced C-Fiber Sensitization for Mechanical and Hypotonic Stimuli in TRPV4−/− Mice (2007)

Inflammatory mediators can directly sensitize primary afferent nociceptors to mechanical and osmotic stimuli. Sensitized nociceptors have a lowered threshold of activation and increased spontaneous activity, which result in symptoms of hyperalgesia and pain, respectively. The transient receptor potential vanilloid 4 (TRPV4) ligand-gated ion channel has been implicated in the hyperalgesia for mechanical and osmotic stimuli associated with inflammatory states. To investigate whether TRPV4 directly contributes to the mechanisms of inflammatory mediator sensitization of C-fiber nociceptors, we compared the effect of the injection of simplified inflammatory soup (prostaglandin E2 and serotonin) into the mechanical receptive fields of C-fibers in TRPV4+/+ and TRPV4-/- mice in vivo. Following the injection of the soup, the percentage of C-fibers responding to a hypotonic stimulus and the magnitude of the response was significantly greater in TRPV4+/+ mice compared to TRPV4-/- mice. Moreover, in response to simplified inflammatory soup only C-fibers from TRPV4+/+ mice exhibited increased spontaneous activity and decreased mechanical threshold. These marked impairments in the response of C-fibers in TRPV4-/- mice demonstrate the importance of TRPV4 in nociceptor sensitization; we suggest that TRPV4, as TRPV1, underlies the nociceptive effects of multiple inflammatory mediators on primary afferent.
Hydroxyl spatio-temporal statistics for turbulent partially premixed opposed-jet flames (2007)

Turbulent flows display fluctuations spanning a wide spectrum of both length and time scales. The most energetic fluctuations are typically contained in large-scale eddies characterized by integral length and time scales. In turbulent opposed-flows, the predominance of young turbulence and the influence of the stagnation plane complicate the interpretation of spatial and temporal structures. Therefore, it is essential to understand both the temporal and spatial behavior of large-scale structures in such opposed flows. In this context, two-point, picosecond time-resolved laser-induced fluorescence (PITLIF) has been used to resolve both integral length and time scales, thus providing unique spatial statistics in addition to temporal statistics. The interpretation of spatial and temporal structures is further complicated by their dependence on both local turbulent Reynolds number and equivalence ratio, as affected by changes in internal structure and flame thickness. Hence, simultaneous PLIF/PIV measurements were employed to investigate spatial OH structures and flame-velocity interactions. Hydroxyl single-point time-series measurements have been obtained in opposed-jet nonpremixed flames to study the independent effects of jet velocity (U) on Reynolds number (Re) and strain rate (SR) using time-scale correlations. The combined effect of Re and SR on the integral time scale behaves approximately as U-1.35 in these opposed-jet nonpremixed flames. Two-point, time-series experiments with associated PLIF/PIV measurements were employed to investigate flamelet spatio-temporal scales, extinction and reignition mechanisms, and flame-velocity interactions in turbulent opposed jet, partially premixed and double flames. Filtered OH length scales corresponding to radial OH fluctuations, were obtained from the spatial autocorrelation function. The axial change in length scale is more pronounced for flames with lower bulk Re and greater partial premixing. A stochastic time-series simulation, using a combined mixture-fraction and progress-variable approach and based on measured OH time scales, has been performed to extract scalar time scales in opposed jet double flames. In contrast to the partially-premixed and nonpremixed flames, where the ratio of OH to underlying scalar time scales is ∼0.3, the time-scale ratio for the double flames is ∼0.5. As compared to nonpremixed flames, OH in double flames is distributed across a broader spatial and mixture-fraction space, thereby inducing relatively slower OH fluctuations.
Collector characteristics and the differential optical gain of a quantum-well transistor laser (2007)

The collector electrical characteristics (I-V) of a transistor laser (TL) manifest directly the transport and recombination dynamics of the vital quantum-well (QW) base region, including as described here QW recombination state changes. By employing the continuity equations and an extension of the classic charge control model, we extract from the dc I-V characteristics the differential optical gain of a single QW TL showing the QW state changes. The results agree in form with calculations employing Fermi’s golden rule and the “staircaselike” density of states of a QW.
Learning Concepts and Educational Development of Hafazan Al-Quran in the Early Islamic Century (2017)

The process of learning hafazan al-Quran is quite different and unique compared to other learning approaches in the Islamic field. This is because teaching and learning hafazan focuses more on the aspect of character development among students. It is imperative that teachers must understand the learning factors of hafazan al-Quran to ensure quality knowledge of the hafazan among students. Therefore, this paper discusses on the history and development of hafazan al-Quran starting from the early teachings of the Prophet Muhammad SAW and his friends. The impressive hafazan skills showed by the people of the early Islamic era reflected their commitment and high interest in understanding and memorizing the al-Quran. The enjoyment of memorizing the al-Quran occurred among the Prophet Muhammad’s noble friends while they were spreading Islam and the teachings of Allah’s words. Hence, the factors of hafazan al-Quran is known as a source of strength among the Islamic society during the era of Prophet Muhammad SAW and his friends.
Boron nitride nanoporous membranes with ultra high surface charge densities (2017)

International audience
TAp73 depletion accelerates aging through metabolic dysregulation (2012)

Aging is associated with impaired scavenging of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Here, we show that TAp73, a p53 family member, protects against aging by regulating mitochondrial activity and preventing ROS accumulation. TAp73-null mice show more pronounced aging with increased oxidative damage and senescence. TAp73 deletion reduces cellular ATP levels, oxygen consumption, and mitochondrial complex IV activity, with increased ROS production and oxidative stress sensitivity. We show that the mitochondrial complex IV subunit cytochrome C oxidase subunit 4 (Cox4i1) is a direct TAp73 target and that Cox4i1 knockdown phenocopies the cellular senescence of TAp73-null cells. Results indicate that TAp73 affects mitochondrial respiration and ROS homeostasis, thus regulating aging.
ChemInform Abstract: APPLICATIONS OF THE ENE REACTION. SYNTHESIS AND PROPERTIES OF SUBSTITUTED α‐METHYLENE‐Γ‐LACTONES (1981)

Abstract Umsetzung der Olefine (I), (VIII) (AlCl 3 ‐katalysiert) bzw. (V) (thermisch) mit dem Diester (II) liefert die Diendiester (III), (IX) bzw. (VI), die mit H 2 SO 4 zu den Furanonen (IV), (X) bzw. (VII) lactonisiert werden (Diskussion der Reaktionsmechanismen).
Geometric Evaluation of Systematic Transrectal Ultrasound Guided Prostate Biopsy (2012)

Systematic biopsy with freehand transrectal ultrasound guidance does not closely follow the sextant schema and may result in suboptimal sampling and cancer detection. Repeat freehand biopsy of the same target is challenging. Robotic assistance with optimized biopsy schemas can potentially improve targeting, precision and accuracy. A clinical trial is needed to confirm the additional benefits of robotic assistance.
Agglutinating monoclonal antibodies that specifically recognize lipooligosaccharide A of Bordetella pertussis (1988)

Monoclonal antibodies that specifically agglutinate strains of Bordetella pertussis having serotype 1 agglutinogen were uniquely reactive with the electrophoretically slow-migrating A form of lipooligosaccharide. These monoclonal antibodies should be useful for the structural analysis of B. pertussis lipooligosaccharide and for the establishment of a better-defined serogroup for Bordetella species.
An empirical study of regression testing techniques incorporating context and lifetime factors and improved cost-benefit models (2006)

Regression testing is an important but expensive activity, and a great deal of research on regression testing methodologies has been performed. In recent years, much of this research has emphasized empirical studies, including evaluations of the effectiveness and efficiency of regression testing techniques. To date, however, most studies have been limited in terms of their consideration of testing context and system lifetime, and have used cost-benefit models that omit important factors and render some types of comparisons between techniques impossible. These limitations can cause studies to improperly assess the costs and benefits of regression testing techniques in practical settings. In this paper, we provide improved cost-benefit models for use in assessing regression testing methodologies, that incorporate context and lifetime factors not considered in prior studies, and we use these models to compare several common methodologies. Our results show that the factors we consider (in particular, time constraints and incremental resource availability) can affect assessments of the relative benefits of regression testing techniques, and suggest that particular classes of techniques may compare differently across different types of test suites.
Dynamics of a magnetic vortex driven by an out‐of‐plane spin‐polarized current in a point‐contact geometry with lateral confinement (2013)

Abstract We report the dynamical behaviors of a magnetic vortex driven by an out‐of‐plane spin‐polarized current in a point‐contact geometry using a micromagnetic simulation method. Polarity, chirality, and polarity plus chirality‐switching diagrams are presented corresponding to different current states. Besides vortex core gyrotropic motion, polarity switching, chirality switching, and polarity plus chirality switching, we also observe non‐switching and partial switching behaviors in some cases. Investigations of these switching behaviors find that polarity is switched by nucleation and annihilation of the vortex–antivortex pair for the polarity‐switching only regime, and chirality reversal is realized by moving, nucleation, and annihilation of vortices in the disk for lower current density, but by propagating of spin waves for higher current density. Moreover, the reversal of chirality is always accompanied by polarity switching, and the accompanied polarity switching for the higher current density case is realized by the expansion and compression of the vortex core, not the traditional vortex–antivortex pair‐mediated mechanism.
TRIP: a method for novel transcript reconstruction from paired-end RNA-seq reads (2012)

Preliminary experimental results on synthetic datasets generated with various sequencing parameters and distribution assumptions show that TRIP has increased transcriptome reconstruction accuracy compared to previous methods that ignore fragment length distribution information.
Downlink and Uplink Energy Minimization Through User Association and Beamforming in C-RAN (2014)

The cloud radio access network (C-RAN) concept, in which densely deployed access points (APs) are empowered by cloud computing to cooperatively support mobile users (MUs), to improve mobile data rates, has been recently proposed. However, the high density of active APs results in severe interference and also inefficient energy consumption. Moreover, the growing popularity of highly interactive applications with stringent uplink (UL) requirements, e.g., network gaming and real-time broadcasting by wireless users, means that the UL transmission is becoming more crucial and requires special attention. Therefore in this paper, we propose a joint downlink (DL) and UL MU-AP association and beamforming design to coordinate interference in the C-RAN for energy minimization, a problem which is shown to be NP hard. Due to the new consideration of UL transmission, it is shown that the two state-of-the-art approaches for finding computationally efficient solutions of joint MU-AP association and beamforming considering only the DL, i.e., group-sparse optimization and relaxed-integer programming, cannot be modified in a straightforward way to solve our problem. Leveraging on the celebrated UL-DL duality result, we show that by establishing a virtual DL transmission for the original UL transmission, the joint DL and UL optimization problem can be converted to an equivalent DL problem in C-RAN with two inter-related subproblems for the original and virtual DL transmissions, respectively. Based on this transformation, two efficient algorithms for joint DL and UL MU-AP association and beamforming design are proposed, whose performances are evaluated and compared with other benchmarking schemes through extensive simulations.
Neue Methoden der Be‐ und Auswertung sensorischer Eigenschaften von Lebensmitteln und der Berechnung ihrer Veränderungen 6. Mitt. Die Berechnung der „relativen Süßigkeit” von Zuckermischungen mit und ohne Säurezugabe (1973)

Abstract Anhand eines Literaturbeispieles über die „relative Süßigkeit”︁ von Glucose‐ und Fructosekonzentrationen sowie deren Mischungen und des Einflusses eines Säurezusatzes wurden mit Hilfe der früher abgeleiteten Gleichungen Berechnungen durchgeführt. Sie gestatten es, in guter Annäherung die Süßigkeit von Zuckermischungen vorauszusagen. Danach tritt keine synergistische gegenseitige Beeinflussung der Zucker im Sinne einer Verstärkung auf, sondern diese lassen sich ohne weiteres als Additionseffekt erklären, indem z. B. ein bestimmter Fructosezusatz zu Glucoselösungen verschiedener Konzentrationen sich wie der Zusatz einer Glucosekonzentration, welche die gleiche Süßigkeit aufweist, auswirkt. Ein definierter Säurezusatz zu Glucose‐ und Fructoselösungen bzw. zu deren Mischungen scheint sich so auszuwirken, daß er eine über den jeweiligen Konzentrationsbereich der Zucker stets gleiche Zuckermenge kompensiert. Durch diese Berechnungen könnte das wichtige Problem der gegenseitigen sensorischen synergistischen und kompensatorischen Wirkung von Stoffen einer Klärung zugeführt werden.
Optimization of Soluble Organic Selenium Accumulation during Fermentation of Flammulina velutipes Mycelia (2012)

Selenium is an essential nutrient with diverse physiological functions, and soluble organic selenium (SOS) sources have a higher bioavailability than inorganic selenium sources. Based on the response surface methodology and central composite design, this study presents the optimal medium components for SOS accumulation in batch cultures of Flammulina velutipes, i.e. 30 g/L glucose, 11.2 mg/L sodium selenite, and 1.85 g/L NH4NO3. Furthermore, logistic function model feeding was found to be the optimal feeding strategy for SOS accumulation during Flammulina velutipes mycelia fermentation, where the maximum SOS accumulation reached (4.63 +/- 0.24) mg/L, which is consistent with the predicted value.
Linking Plasma Amyloid Beta and Neurofilament Light Chain to Intracortical Myelin Content in Cognitively Normal Older Adults (2022)

Evidence suggests that lightly myelinated cortical regions are vulnerable to aging and Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, it remains unknown whether plasma markers of amyloid and neurodegeneration are related to deficits in intracortical myelin content, and whether this relationship, in turn, is associated with altered patterns of resting-state functional connectivity (rs-FC). To shed light into these questions, plasma levels of amyloid-β fragment 1-42 (Aβ<sub>1-42</sub>) and neurofilament light chain (NfL) were measured using ultra-sensitive single-molecule array (Simoa) assays, and the intracortical myelin content was estimated with the ratio T1-weigthed/T2-weighted (T1w/T2w) in 133 cognitively normal older adults. We assessed: (i) whether plasma Aβ<sub>1-42</sub> and/or NfL levels were associated with intracortical myelin content at different cortical depths and (ii) whether cortical regions showing myelin reductions also exhibited altered rs-FC patterns. Surface-based multiple regression analyses revealed that lower plasma Aβ<sub>1-42</sub> and higher plasma NfL were associated with lower myelin content in temporo-parietal-occipital regions and the insular cortex, respectively. Whereas the association with Aβ<sub>1-42</sub> decreased with depth, the NfL-myelin relationship was most evident in the innermost layer. Older individuals with higher plasma NfL levels also exhibited altered rs-FC between the insula and medial orbitofrontal cortex. Together, these findings establish a link between plasma markers of amyloid/neurodegeneration and intracortical myelin content in cognitively normal older adults, and support the role of plasma NfL in boosting aberrant FC patterns of the insular cortex, a central brain hub highly vulnerable to aging and neurodegeneration.
A Risk Management Method for the Operation of a Supply-Chain without Storage:-Supply Policy Optimization under Demand Risk- (2007)

A business risk management method has been developed for a supply-chain without a storage function under demand uncertainty. Power supply players in the deregulated power market face the need to develop the best policies for power supply from self-production and reserved purchases to balance demand, which is predictable with error. The proposed method maximizes profit from the operation of the supply-chain under probabilistic demand uncertainty on the basis of a probabilistic programming approach. Piece-wise linear functions are employed to formulate the impact of under-booked or over-booked purchases on the supply cost, and constraints on over-demand probability are introduced to limit over-demand frequency on the basis of the demand probability distribution.The developed method has been experimentally applied to the supply policy of a power-supply-chain, the operation of which is based on a 3-stage pricing purchase contract and on 28 time zones. The characteristics of the obtained optimal supply policy are successfully captured in the numerical results, which suggest the applicability of the proposed method.