gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Bandwidth Extension on Raw Audio via Generative Adversarial Networks (2019)

Neural network-based methods have recently demonstrated state-of-the-art results on image synthesis and super-resolution tasks, in particular by using variants of generative adversarial networks (GANs) with supervised feature losses. Nevertheless, previous feature loss formulations rely on the availability of large auxiliary classifier networks, and labeled datasets that enable such classifiers to be trained. Furthermore, there has been comparatively little work to explore the applicability of GAN-based methods to domains other than images and video. In this work we explore a GAN-based method for audio processing, and develop a convolutional neural network architecture to perform audio super-resolution. In addition to several new architectural building blocks for audio processing, a key component of our approach is the use of an autoencoder-based loss that enables training in the GAN framework, with feature losses derived from unlabeled data. We explore the impact of our architectural choices, and demonstrate significant improvements over previous works in terms of both objective and perceptual quality.
Electrophoretic analysis of coniferyl alcohol oxidase and related laccases (1994)

Gradient gel electrophoretic methods enabled a distinction to be made between coniferyl alcohol oxidase (CAO) of lignifying cell walls and a pI approximately 9 pine "laccase" recently implicated in lignification (Science 1993 260, 672). Following treatment of a partially purified protein mixture from developing xylem of Pinus strobus with 2-[N-morpholine]ethanesulfonic acid (MES) buffer, isoelectric focusing and sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis indicated that CAO had been selectively precipitated by MES and thereby purified to electrophoretic homogeneity. Purified CAO was determined to be a cell-wall-bound glycoprotein (38% glycan), M(r) 107,500, pI 7.6, pH and temperature optima 6.3 and 30 degrees C, respectively. By graphite-furnace atomic-absorption analysis, CAO contained one copper atom per protein molecule. Proteins obtained from lignifying cambial derivatives of conifers (family Pinaceae) and from Rhus typhina bark were compared with CAO and the pI approximately 9 pine "laccase" following electrophoresis and Western blotting. For Abies balsamea, Larix laricina, Picea rubens, Pinus banksiana, Pinus taeda, and R. typhina, the isoelectric points of oxidatively active bands were identical to those of purified CAO. In addition, for all species only the pI 7.6 band was immunoreactive with antibodies against periodate-deglycosylated CAO.
Vagal Intramuscular Arrays: The Specialized Mechanoreceptor Arbors That Innervate the Smooth Muscle Layers of the Stomach Examined in the Rat (2016)

ABSTRACT The fundamental roles that the stomach plays in ingestion and digestion notwithstanding, little morphological information is available on vagal intramuscular arrays (IMAs), the afferents that innervate gastric smooth muscle. To characterize IMAs better, rats were given injections of dextran biotin in the nodose ganglia, and, after tracer transport, stomach whole mounts were collected. Specimens were processed for avidin–biotin permanent labeling, and subsets of the whole mounts were immunohistochemically processed for c‐Kit or stained with cuprolinic blue. IMAs (n = 184) were digitized for morphometry and mapping. Throughout the gastric muscle wall, IMAs possessed common phenotypic features. Each IMA was generated by a parent neurite arborizing extensively, forming an array of multiple (mean = 212) branches averaging 193 µm in length. These branches paralleled, and coursed in apposition with, bundles of muscle fibers and interstitial cells of Cajal. Individual arrays averaged 4.3 mm in length and innervated volumes of muscle sheet, presumptive receptive fields, averaging 0.1 mm 3 . Evaluated by region and by muscle sheet, IMAs displayed architectural adaptations to the different loci. A subset (32%) of circular muscle IMAs issued specialized polymorphic collaterals to myenteric ganglia, and a subset (41%) of antral longitudinal muscle IMAs formed specialized net endings associated with the serosal boundary. IMAs were concentrated in regional patterns that correlated with the unique biomechanical adaptations of the stomach, specifically proximal stomach reservoir functions and antral emptying operations. Overall, the structural adaptations and distributions of the IMAs were consonant with the hypothesized stretch receptor roles of the afferents. J. Comp. Neurol. 524:713–737, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Renal Insufficiency and Heart Failure (2004)

Renal insufficiency is more prevalent in patients with heart failure than previously reported and is an independent prognostic factor in diastolic and systolic dysfunction. ACE inhibitors and beta-blockers were associated with similar reductions in mortality in patients with and without renal insufficiency.
Automatic tracking and characterization of multiple moving clouds in satellite images (2005)

Investigating the characteristics of mesoscale convective clouds based on satellite infrared images is very important for strong precipitation forecast. This paper proposes a new method for cloud identification, tracking and characterization using time-varying satellite infrared cloud image sequences. After clouds are identified using image processing techniques, a couple of features are extracted as their representations, based on which feature correspondences of different clouds in consecutive images are computed to track the same cloud. Then, clouds are finally characterized according to their convective activities. This automatic cloud-tracking alternative is applied to investigate the characteristics and moving tracks of the mesoscale convective clouds that move out of the Tibetan Plateau. Experimental results are also provided to demonstrate its capability to perform correct tracking in different situations.
Sulfone-Based Electrolyte Solutions for Rechargeable Magnesium Batteries Using 2,5-Dimethoxy-1,4-benzoquinone Positive Electrode (2014)

We examined three sulfone-based electrolyte solutions for use in rechargeable magnesium batteries; i.e., sulfolane (SL), ethyl-i-propyl sulfone (EiPS) and di-n-propyl sulfone (DnPS), in which was dissolved 0.5 mol L−1 magnesium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)amide (Mg(TFSA)2). The specific conductivities of these sulfone-based Mg-electrolyte solutions were 1–2 mS cm−1 at 30°C. These electrolyte solutions were thermally stable < 250°C, and electrochemically stable < 2 V vs. Mg reference electrode (Mg wire). In these electrolyte solutions, an organic positive electrode made of 2,5-dimethoxy-1,4-benzoquinone (DMBQ) underwent reversible charge-discharge reactions. The reduction-oxidation current of the metallic Mg negative electrode was observed. A two-electrode cell composed of Mg|Mg(TFSA)2/SL|DMBQ endured more than 50 charge-discharge cycles at 30°C.
Identification and Characterization of a Novel Extracellular Ferric Reductase from Mycobacterium paratuberculosis (1998)

A novel extracellular mycobacterial enzyme was identified in the ruminant pathogen Mycobacterium paratuberculosis. The enzyme was capable of mobilizing iron from different sources such as ferric ammonium citrate, ferritin, and transferrin by reduction of the metal. The purified reductase had a calculated Mr of 17,000, was sensitive to proteinase K treatment, and had an isoelectric point of pH 9. Analysis of the amino acid composition revealed glycine, serine, asparagine (or aspartic acid), and glutamine (or glutamic acid) as the most frequently occurring residues. Enzymatic activity was highest at 37 degrees C and between pH 5 and 10. The calculated Km and Vmax for ferric ammonium citrate were 0.213 mM and 0.345 mM min(-1) mg(-1), respectively. Using a specific antireductase antibody in immunoelectron microscopy, we were able to detect the enzyme associated with intracellular mycobacteria in naturally M. paratuberculosis-infected bovine tissue. We prepose that the reductase of M. paratuberculosis represents an alternative strategy of mycobacteria to mobilize ferric iron and discuss its potential role in bacterial evasion of intracellular defense mechanisms.
Testing C-band convoy mission for forest monitoring (2017)

A C-band convoy mission with a receive-only interferometer using Sentinel-1 as the active sensor could cover the needs for an operational satellite mission for forest monitoring, that can clarify the magnitude and geography of the residual land sink of carbon in the global carbon budget; routinely map forest carbon changes in the tropics for REDD+, and routinely provide updated forest resource maps for operational forestry planning. We are about to carry out an airborne campaign in order to demonstrate the technical feasibility of this, and supplement this with analyses of Tandem-X.
[Method for developing mouse model of endometrios is based on estrogen-releasing thermo-sensitive hydrogel system]. (2019)

<b>Objective:</b> This study will explore and optimize the conditions for the construction of the mouse model of endometriosis using the estrogen-releasing thermo-sensitive hydrogel system. <b>Methods:</b> (1) The mice were injected subcutaneously with a gradient concentration of estrogen-releasing thermo-sensitive hydrogel systems, and the blood estrogen concentration was measured 3 days later. And then we draw the curve between mouse blood estrogen concentration and thermo-sensitive hydrogel systems concentration, selecting the most appropriate concentration of estrogen-releasing thermo-sensitive hydrogel systems. (2) To explore the release pattern of estrogen-releasing thermo-sensitive hydrogel system, the mice were injected subcutaneously with the optimal concentration of estrogen-releasing thermo-sensitive hydrogel system, and the blood estrogen concentration was measured on the 1st, 3rd, 5th, 7th and 10th day respectively. (3) We transplanted uteruses from donor mice into the abdominal cavities of recipient mice. The recipient mice were divided into three groups named a, b, and c. Group a was intraperitoneally injected with PBS everyday after transplantation, and group b was intraperitoneally injected with estrogen solution everyday after transplantation. And estrogen-releasing thermo-sensitive hydrogel systems mentioned above were injected subcutaneously to group c once a week. Mice were killed 21 days later to observe the success rate of the endometriosis models. <b>Results:</b> (1) The concentration of estrogen in mice was linear with the concentration of estrogenin the estrogen-releasing thermo-sensitive hydrogel systems. And 0.8 mg/ml was the most appropriate concentration of the estrogen-releasing thermo-sensitive hydrogel system. (2) The thermo- sensitive hydrogel systems including 0.8 mg/ml estrogen can release estrogen in mice for 7 days and can achieve effective blood estrogen concentration. (3) All mice in group a, b, and c survived. All mice in group b and c showed ectopic cysts, and no cyst was observed in group a. <b>Conclusions:</b> The construction of the mouse model of endometriosis requires exogenous estrogen. We have found that the novelestrogen-releasing thermo-sensitive hydrogel systems can slowly release estrogen after subcutaneously injection in mice, and the value of the subcutaneously injection of estrogen-releasing thermo-sensitive hydrogel system (0.8 mg/ml) per week to the construction of the mouse model is certain.The estrogen-releasing thermo-sensitive hydrogel system has high application value and is worthy of promotion.
Neural Network Approaches for Sensory-Motor-Coordination / Sensormotorische Koordination mit Neuronalen Netzen (1991)

Article Neural Network Approaches for Sensory-Motor-Coordination / Sensormotorische Koordination mit Neuronalen Netzen was published on June 1, 1991 in the journal it - Information Technology (volume 33, issue 6).
Ion-beam modification of Co/Ag multilayers I: Structural evolution and magnetic response (2000)

We describe the effects of 1 MeV Si+ ion-beam irradiation on a sputtered Co/Ag multilayer with layer thicknesses of 5 Å for Co and 25 Å for Ag, thicknesses for which the magnetoresistance is maximum in the as-deposited sample. X-ray diffraction, magnetization, and magnetoresistance measurements all point to the conclusion that the Co is initially dispersed through the Ag and segregates completely upon ion-beam bombardment. Throughout the process both Ag and Co grains maintain a high degree of texture, essentially face centered cubic (111). The magnetization behavior evolves from superparamagnetic to mixed superparamagnetic–ferromagnetic with ion dose whereas the room-temperature magnetoresistance decreases from 12% to 1.5% upon irradiation up to 5×1016 Si+/cm2. Simple models taking into account the size distribution of the Co particles have been used to analyze these phenomena in order to quantify the particle size distribution.
Modular AI (2019)

This chapter discusses the theoretical underpinnings of modular artificial intelligence (AI) and aims to relate them to broadly accepted concepts from software engineering. It describes the Game AI Architecture (GAIA). Modular AI, and modular approaches in general, seek to raise the level of abstraction of development. Rather than focus on algorithms and code, a good modular solution leads to a focus on AI behaviors and how they fit together, abstracting away the implementation details. GAIA is a modular, extensible, reusable toolset for specifying procedural decision-making logic. GAIA emphasizes the role of the game designer in creating decision-making logic, while allowing the resulting behavior to be flexible and responsive to the moment-to-moment situation in the application. GAIA makes decisions by working its way down a tree of decision makers that is in many ways similar to Damian Isla’s original vision of a Behavior Tree.
A novel, nitric oxide-releasing elastomeric chain for antimicrobial action: proof of concept (2021)

Introduction . Microbial colonization of orthodontic elastomeric chains is a two-fold problem: (1) plaque promotes carious lesions during orthodontic treatment and (2) bacterial by-products can degrade a chain’s mechanical properties. Efforts to combat this colonization have included the development of materials with antimicrobial activity. Recently, biomedical research has focused on the antibacterial properties of S-Nitroso-N-acetylpenicillamine (SNAP), a synthetic Nitric Oxide (NO) donor that exhibits extended NO release when incorporated into low water-uptake polymers. The objective of this study is to generate an antibacterial orthodontic elastomeric chain using this technology. Methods. Elastomeric power chain is impregnated with the SNAP molecule and chains are evaluated for their Nitric Oxide release kinetics. The chains are then tested for their antibacterial efficacy against a common oral pathogen, Streptococcus mutans . Results . Existing elastomeric chains are successfully impregnated with SNAP and show NO-release over a three-day period. Experimental chains demonstrate good S. mutans inhibition on and around the chain surface over a 48 h period. Conclusions . Nitric Oxide-Release technology can be applied to products in the dental field and may allow for biomimetic materials that would help to reduce bacteria-related pathologies such as white spot lesions and gingivitis.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF UNSATURATED AMINES BY THE REACTION OF BUTADIENE WITH PRIMARY AMINES IN THE PRESENCE OF PALLADIUM COMPLEXES (1977)

Abstract Bei der Umsetzung von Butadien (I) und Benzylamin (II) im Verhältnis 3:1 in Toluol während 10 Stdn. bei 100°C mit dem Katalysator Palladiumacetonat/Triäthylaluminium (12122) erhält man quantitativ ein Gemisch aus (III), (IV) und (V).
Simulation of the Condensate Treatment Process in a Kraft Pulp Mill (2001)

A simulation program has been developed and used to study the condensate treatment process in a kraft pulp mill consisting of a stripper, a methanol column and a decanter. The simulations require rigorous models for vapor-liquid and liquid-liquid equilibrium calculations. The Wilson equation and the NRTL equation (non random two liquids) have been used for these calculations. New data were included in the flowsheeting program Aspen Plus for seven volatile compounds, to perform accurate calculations of both vapor-liquid and liquid-liquid equilibria. Simulations were compared with measurements on the industrial condensate treatment process and the results of the simulations were used to improve the process. By changing the position of the decanter in the process, the COD (chemical oxygen demand) content in the stripped condensate was decreased from 700 to 300 mg O2/l. The effect of various process parameters, such as the vapor fraction after the stripper and the flow rate of secondary steam to both the stripper and the methanol column, on the quality of clean condensate were investigated. The design of the stripper and the methanol column was studied by calculating the optimal feed location for various numbers of trays in the columns. The results showed that the feed location in the methanol column would be more optimal if it were located higher up in the column (above tray 5–7) instead of above tray 10, which was the case in the industrial process investigated.
An Application of Solid Particles in Fuel Cell Technology (2007)

Solid fuel particles will become increasingly important in the future. Present energy conversion systems for solid fuels are too inefficient. New energy conversion systems for solid fuels with higher energy conversion efficiencies are possible. Fuel cell technology is a key-technology in these new conversion systems. The direct carbon fuel cell (DCFC) operates on carbon particles obtained from a variety of solid fuel feedstocks. The DCFC is the only fuel cell designed to directly oxidize carbon particles in a special anode chamber. The particles are generally graphite structure with high purity. The electrolyte used is the high temperature solid oxide, molten carbonate or hydroxide electrolyte. Since a pure stream of CO2 is produced the stream can easily be sequestered and disposed. Pure carbon dioxide produced as a by-product would also have a market in many industries. A well defined technology roadmap identifying key research and development (R&D) issues is necessary to provide a framework for the development of these systems and to prevent entrenchment in inherently inefficient technologies. This review paper describes the direct carbon fuel cell and its system, how it works, the developmental status, the characteristics of the carbon particles needed, and the research and development issues for the technology.
Latency Sites and Reactivation of Duck Enteritis Virus (2002)

Duck virus enteritis (DVE) is a contagious disease caused by herpesvirus in waterfowl populations. Recovered birds become carriers and shed the virus periodically. Reactivation of latent duck enteritis virus (DEV) has been implicated in outbreaks of DVE in domestic and migrating waterfowl populations. In this study, the sites for virus latency were determined in white Pekin ducks infected with the DEV-97 strain. At 3 wk postinfection, infectious virus was not detectable in tissues or cloacal swabs (CSs). At 7 and 9 weeks postinfection, the viral DNA was detected by polymerase chain reaction in the trigeminal ganglia (TG), suggesting that the virus is latent. Viral DNA was detected in the peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL), spleen, thymus, bursa, and CSs only after in vitro cocultivation. In vivo virus reactivation was demonstrated when dexamethasone or a combination of dexamethasone and cyclophosphamide was inoculated in latently infected ducks. The reactivation of DEV occurred without any clinical evidence of the disease, but the virus was detected in PBL and CSs. We conclude from this study that DEV establishes latency in TG and lymphoid tissues including PBL.
Predicting Risk of Antenatal Depression and Anxiety Using Multi-Layer Perceptrons and Support Vector Machines (2021)

Perinatal depression and anxiety are defined to be the mental health problems a woman faces during pregnancy, around childbirth, and after child delivery. While this often occurs in women and affects all family members including the infant, it can easily go undetected and underdiagnosed. The prevalence rates of antenatal depression and anxiety worldwide, especially in low-income countries, are extremely high. The wide majority suffers from mild to moderate depression with the risk of leading to impaired child-mother relationship and infant health, few women end up taking their own lives. Owing to high costs and non-availability of resources, it is almost impossible to diagnose every pregnant woman for depression/anxiety whereas under-detection can have a lasting impact on mother and child's health. This work proposes a multi-layer perceptron based neural network (MLP-NN) classifier to predict the risk of depression and anxiety in pregnant women. We trained and evaluated our proposed system on a Pakistani dataset of 500 women in their antenatal period. ReliefF was used for feature selection before classifier training. Evaluation metrics such as accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, precision, F1 score, and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve were used to evaluate the performance of the trained model. Multilayer perceptron and support vector classifier achieved an area under the receiving operating characteristic curve of 88% and 80% for antenatal depression and 85% and 77% for antenatal anxiety, respectively. The system can be used as a facilitator for screening women during their routine visits in the hospital's gynecology and obstetrics departments.
Photo‐ and Thermochromic Spirans. Part 25. New Indolinospiropyrans Containing a Condensed Furan Fragment. (2007)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Association between macrophage migration inhibitory factor promoter region polymorphism (-173 G/C) and cancer: a meta-analysis (2011)

Meta-analysis suggests there is an association between any C allele in the Mif -173 G/C promoter polymorphism and an increased risk of cancer, particularly for solid tumors. The association appeared stronger for prostate cancer, specifically. Future studies that include different types of cancers are needed to support and extend these observations.
Journey from cachexia to obesity by TNF (1997)

Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) is a cytokine involved in the physiological and metabolic abnormalities found in cachectic states. Until very recently, it was inconceivable to think of TNF-alpha in obesity. However, recent studies have shown that TNF-alpha can also play a key role in obesity, the cytokine being overexpressed in adipose tissue of obese rodents and humans. The aim of this review is to reconcile the role of TNF-alpha in these two opposite metabolic situations: obesity and cachexia. It is suggested that TNF-alpha may have a key role in the control of body mass in normal weight-controlled situations and that abnormalities in either its production (during cachexia) or action (during obesity) are responsible for the lack of control of body weight.