gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Generalization and Properties of the Neural Response (2010)

Hierarchical learning algorithms have enjoyed tremendous growth in recent years, with many new algorithms being proposed and applied to a wide range of applications. However, despite the apparent success of hierarchical algorithms in practice, the theory of hierarchical architectures remains at an early stage. In this paper we study the theoretical properties of hierarchical algorithms from a mathematical perspective. Our work is based on the framework of hierarchical architectures introduced by Smale et al. in the paper “Mathematics of the Neural Response”, Foundations of Computational Mathematics, 2010. We propose a generalized definition of the neural response and derived kernel that allows us to integrate some of the existing hierarchical algorithms in practice into our framework. We then use this generalized definition to analyze the theoretical properties of hierarchical architectures. Our analysis focuses on three particular aspects of the hierarchy. First, we show that a wide class of architectures suffers from range compression; essentially, the derived kernel becomes increasingly saturated at each layer. Second, we show that the complexity of a linear architecture is constrained by the complexity of the first layer, and in some cases the architecture collapses into a single-layer linear computation. Finally, we characterize the discrimination and invariance properties
Transient Heat Conduction of Variable Stiffness Composite Laminate (2010)

Recent research on Variable Stiffness (VS) laminates, which are constructed by steering the fiber orientation as a spatial function of location, have shown to improve laminate performance under mechanical loads. Two distinct cases of stiffness variation can be achieved either by variation of the fiber orientation in the direction of the global x-axis, or perpendicular to it. In the present paper, thermal analysis of a VS laminate is performed to study the effect of steering fibers on transient heat conduction under uniform heat flux using finite element method. The goal of the present paper is a parametric study of the effect of variable stiffness properties on transient response including time to reach steady state and temperature profile. Also, stress resultants and maximum stress location are investigated under different boundary conditions. A FEM algorithm is applied to exactly incorporate the boundary conditions for stress resultant analysis.
Hydrodynamic Characterization of Three Axial Impellers under Gassed and Ungassed Conditions (2016)

We investigate the hydrodynamic performance of a baffled stirred tank for an air–water system in the turbulent regime. Comparisons among three different axial impellers were conducted: Maxblend impeller, two coaxial Pitched Blade Turbine (down-pumping mode) and two coaxial Intermig impellers. Measurements of the mean velocity field and the power consumption for gassed and ungassed conditions were obtained. The gas phase was introduced in a controlled manner using a capillary bank mounted at the bottom of the tank. The measured distributions of turbulent intensities for each impeller system for both gassed and ungassed configurations showed significantly different distributions. The flow patterns were also drastically modified for gassed conditions for the conventional agitators. The Maxblend impeller was observed to maintain a certain degree of homogeneity in the turbulent distribution for both gassed and ungassed conditions.
Genome-wide profiling of transfer RNAs and their role as novel prognostic markers for breast cancer (2016)

Transfer RNAs (tRNAs, key molecules in protein synthesis) have not been investigated as potential prognostic markers in breast cancer (BC), despite early findings of their dysregulation and diagnostic potential. We aim to comprehensively profile tRNAs from breast tissues and to evaluate their role as prognostic markers (Overall Survival, OS and Recurrence Free Survival, RFS). tRNAs were profiled from 11 normal breast and 104 breast tumor tissues using next generation sequencing. We adopted a Case-control (CC) and Case-Only (CO) association study designs. Risk scores constructed from tRNAs were subjected to univariate and multivariate Cox-proportional hazards regression to investigate their prognostic value. Of the 571 tRNAs profiled, 76 were differentially expressed (DE) and three were significant for OS in the CC approach. We identified an additional 11 tRNAs associated with OS and 14 tRNAs as significant for RFS in the CO approach, indicating that CC alone may not capture all discriminatory tRNAs in prognoses. In both the approaches, the risk scores were significant in the multivariate analysis as independent prognostic factors, and patients belonging to high-risk group were associated with poor prognosis. Our results confirmed global up-regulation of tRNAs in BC and identified tRNAs as potential novel prognostic markers for BC.
Rapid Quantification and Neutralization Assays for Novel Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 Using Avicel RC-591 Semi-Solid Overlay (2020)

When working with the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 during a pandemic response, having a rapid, reproducible and reliable assay for infectious virus quantitation and utilization for evaluation of potential therapeutics is critical. Compared to traditional agarose overlay plaques visualized with neutral red, assays performed with Avicel R RC-591 semi-solid overlay provide a simplified format for rapid and easy detection and neutralization testing. The method is easily modified for higher throughput using dispensers or automated processing. Fixation using formalin provides flexibility when dealing with pathogenic agents such as SARS-CoV-2 where tissue culture plates might be removed from biocontainment for staining. Although plaque assays are considered straightforward in principle, having an easily reproducible, consistent plaque assay is an invaluable tool.
Influenza virus hemagglutinin containing an altered hydrophobic carboxy terminus accumulates intracellularly (1984)

The influenza virus hemagglutinin (HA) glycoprotein synthesized from cloned DNA in a simian virus 40 vector is expressed on the surface of infected primate cells. Previously, it has been demonstrated that mutant HAs lacking the hydrophobic carboxy terminus fail to anchor on the cell surface and therefore are secreted extracellularly. During analysis of additional HA deletion mutants derived from an HA-simian virus 40 recombinant, we found a mutant with an altered hydrophobic carboxy terminus that exhibited another phenotype. This deletion mutant, dl-12, produced HA that was neither secreted nor expressed on the infected cell surface. The mutant HA was similar to the wild-type HA in apparent molecular weight and extent of glycosylation as assayed by endoglycosidase H sensitivity. The mutant HA localized near the perinuclear region of infected cells as indicated by an indirect immunofluorescence assay. Sequence analysis showed that a 5-base-pair deletion had occurred before the region encoding the hydrophobic carboxy terminus. Nevertheless, the physicochemical properties of the wild-type HA carboxy terminus were maintained in that the truncated HA carboxy terminus consisted of predominantly hydrophobic amino acids followed by several charged amino acids residues. This similarity in the carboxy terminus between the wild-type and mutant HAs may be responsible for the functional similarities observed. In spite of these similarities, the mutant HA failed to mature at the surface. These results suggest that the maturation of the mutant HA is blocked during a late stage in the transit to the cell surface.
Supplementary Figure 3 from Identification of Actively Translated mRNA Transcripts in a Rat Model of Early-Stage Colon Carcinogenesis (2023)

Supplementary Figure 3 from Identification of Actively Translated mRNA Transcripts in a Rat Model of Early-Stage Colon Carcinogenesis
Chaotic dynamics of ballistic electrons in lateral superlattices and magnetic fields (1990)

We study the classical dynamics of a ballistic charged particle in a two-dimensional (2D) periodic potential and an applied magnetic field. We find chaotic behavor, in particular in the form of normal diffusion and anomalous diffusion associated with 1/f noise. The mechanisms for the onset of 1D diffusion and 2D diffusion are explained in terms of homoclinic intersections and Kolmogorov-Arnol'd-Moser theory. The model may be used as a classical approximation for ballistic-electron dynamics in lateral superlattices on semiconductor heterojunctions.
Identifying Impactful Agents Via Faux Adversarial Games (2022)

Identifying important agents is a key goal in study of multi-agent systems (MAS), but standard graph-based centrality metrics often fail to account for the long-term influence of an agent through a system. In this work we model a MAS as a controlled Markov decision process (MDP), and quantify an agent's impact as its maximum ability to minimize the MDP's value function. To evaluate this metric, the agent is considered as a “faux adversary” and a secondary MDP is defined from their viewpoint. A game is defined between the controller of the main MDP and the adversary of the secondary MDP, who each work to optimize their respective policies. We show that defining the Q functions of the MDPs as the players' utilities results in a zero-sum game whose Nash equilibrium value is equal to the proposed impact metric; the exact value can then be found using traditional methods in game theory. Finally, simulations demonstrate that the proposed impact metric can be effective in reinforcement learning settings, and shows how simulated game-play can yield the Nash equilibrium value.
COPD uncovered: a cross-sectional study to assess the socioeconomic burden of COPD in Japan (2018)

COPD represents a significant socioeconomic burden in Japan. Patients with COPD report significant use of health care resources. Higher impact on work impairment and productivity loss was observed frequently in the working age population.
Corrélations vectorielles dans la photoionisation dissociative de H2par une harmonique XUV femtoseconde sélectionnée spectralement par des miroirs multicouches (2013)

Nous avons démontré la faisabilité de mesures de corrélations vectorielles dans la photoionisation dissociative de H2 auprès d'une source XUV femtoseconde d'harmonique d'ordre élevé cadencée à 1 kHz [1]. Dans ce contexte, nous présentons les miroirs multicouches conçus, réalisés et caractérisés par la Centrale d'Elaboration et de Métrologie d'Optiques X pour sélectionner cette harmonique 21 à ∼32 eV (∼40 nm). Nous avons mesuré une série d'observables, de la distribution en coïncidence des énergies cinétiques de l'ion fragment et de l'électron aux distributions angulaires du photoélectron émis dans le référentiel moléculaire (MFPADs), ainsi que leur évolution avec l'énergie cinétique de l'ion fragment. Ces résultats ouvrent la voie à des études résolues en temps, basées sur la mesure des MFPADs, de la dynamique femtoseconde des états doublements excités Q1 et Q2 de H2.
Fighting breast cancer in low-and-middle-income countries – What must we do to get every woman screened on regular basis? (2023)

Currently, the incidence of female breast cancer has surpassed all other cancers globally. In low-and-middle-income countries (LMICs), breast cancer incidence is relatively lower than it is in high-income countries (HICs). However, breast cancer mortality in LMICs is higher compared to HICs. This may be attributed to a lack of screening programs for early detection and education programs on breast health awareness, population-based breast cancer registry data, and no/limited breast diagnostic imaging services. This paper presents a brief overview of the current breast cancer burden, challenges faced by LMICs, and future directions on risk reduction and control. Based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews from PubMed, Science Direct, Google Scholar, and Scopus, a systematic review of the literature was carried out using the keywords breast cancer burden, low-and middle-income countries, breast examination, and breast cancer screening in the English language. The incidence of breast cancer deaths in LMICs continues to be on the rise at a faster rate as compared to that in HICs. The difficulties confronted by LMICs in the management, control, and prevention of the disease are mainly due to a lack of strategies for early detection of the disease and insufficient population-based breast cancer registry data. Breast cancer control and preventive initiatives in LMICs should focus on tailoring effective and affordable solutions to address each sub-region problem. Breast awareness advocacy programs, acquisition, and deployment of uninterruptible mobile imaging equipment for screening are highly needed to enhance the quality of population-based studies and increase accessibility to breast cancer research data.
RDX and HMX with Reduced Sensitivity Towards Shock Initiation–RS‐RDX and RS‐HMX (2008)

Abstract Reduced Sensitivity RDX (RS‐RDX) has received a lot of attention and interest from the explosive community in the recent years. There are several producers of RS‐RDX, most of them using a direct nitration (Woolwich process) for the RDX synthesis, while Chemring Nobel uses the Bachmann process. The processes for obtaining the RS properties probably differ between the various producers. Chemring Nobel has also developed an HMX quality that shows Reduced Sensitivity (RS‐HMX) of different particle size distributions. The shock sensitivity is at the same level as for RS‐RDX in comparable compositions. Reduced shock sensitivity has been obtained for RS‐RDX and Reduced Sensitivity (RS‐HMX) in both pressable and cast‐cured compositions. By using a pressable composition, it is possible to get the results from a BICT gap test faster than from a cast‐cured composition that has to go through a curing process. Chemring Nobel in cooperation with FFI have performed an extensive accelerated ageing testing of RS‐RDX produced by the Bachmann process. The samples have been aged at 60 and 70 °C and the shock sensitivity tested by two different gap tests. The results demonstrate that the Chemring Nobel RS‐RDX retain the insensitivity towards shock during ageing and show no degradation at all. Accelerated ageing testing of RS‐HMX has also been performed and shows no degradation in the shock sensitivity.
Cyanophosphazene small molecules and high polymers: synthesis and structure (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCyanophosphazene small molecules and high polymers: synthesis and structureH. R. Allcock, J. Steven Rutt, Mark F. Welker, and Masood ParvezCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1993, 32, 11, 2315–2321Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic00063a021https://doi.org/10.1021/ic00063a021research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views112Altmetric-Citations5LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Authenticity and integrity of digital mammography images (2001)

Data security becomes more and more important in telemammography which uses a public high-speed wide area network connecting the examination site with the mammography expert center. Generally, security is characterized in terms of privacy, authenticity and integrity of digital data. Privacy is a network access issue and is not considered in this paper. We present a method, authenticity and integrity of digital mammography, here which can meet the requirements of authenticity and integrity for mammography image (IM) transmission. The authenticity and integrity for mammography (AIDM) consists of the following four modules. 1) Image preprocessing: To segment breast pixels from background and extract patient information from digital imaging and communication in medicine (DICOM) image header. 2) Image hashing: To compute an image hash value of the mammogram using the MD5 hash algorithm. 3) Data encryption: To produce a digital envelope containing the encrypted image hash value (digital signature) and corresponding patient information. 4) Data embedding: To embed the digital envelope into the image. This is done by replacing the least significant bit of a random pixel of the mammogram by one bit of the digital envelope bit stream and repeating for all bits in the bit stream. Experiments with digital IMs demonstrate the following. 1) In the expert center, only the user who knows the private key can open the digital envelope and read the patient information data and the digital signature of the mammogram transmitted from the examination site. 2) Data integrity can be verified by matching the image hash value decrypted from the digital signature with that computed from the transmitted image. 3) No visual quality degradation is detected in the embedded image compared with the original. Our preliminary results demonstrate that AIDM is an effective method for image authenticity and integrity in telemammography application.
Stored Program Controlled Network: Data Base Administration System-Overall Description and Operational Characteristics (1982)

Large amounts of data about every customer line number and billing number in the country must be available for the Stored Program Controlled (SPC) Network features to operate. A method of obtaining, organizing, and cleansing the data or administering the necessary network data bases was needed. While much of the data could be obtained through each telephone company's service order system, these systems vary substantially in capabilities from one company to another and even from one region to another of the same company. To obtain the data, a new support system called the No. 2 Data Base Administration System (DBAS) was designed and new operational procedures for the telephone companies were developed. The DBAS interacts with all types of service order systems to obtain the data; provides initial load, as well as immediate and routine updates for the network data bases; and handles customer queries, statistics, special studies and other administrative functions off-line for the data bases. This minicomputer-based system bridges the gap between the telephone company paper flow and the SPC network. The DBAS provides reliable data in a timely fashion to the network to ensure the viability of the initial features. It provides a general capability for administration of additional customer data which may be required for future SPC network features.
Atmospheric Optical Effects—Polarization Fluctuation (1965)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text D. L. Fried and G. E. Mevers, "Atmospheric Optical Effects—Polarization Fluctuation," J. Opt. Soc. Am. 55, 740-741 (1965) Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
Review: The Cellular Slime Molds, by John Tyler Bonner (1961)

Book Review| December 01 1961 Review The Cellular Slime MoldsJohn Tyler Bonner P. K. P. K. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar The American Biology Teacher (1961) 23 (8): 532. https://doi.org/10.2307/4439771 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation P. K.; Review. The American Biology Teacher 1 December 1961; 23 (8): 532. doi: https://doi.org/10.2307/4439771 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentThe American Biology Teacher Search This content is only available via PDF. Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
Emergency management and the information society: how to improve the synergy? (2002)

This paper deals with the paradox of the relatively low integration of Information Technologies and Communication Technologies in the field of emergency management. This fact earns our attention, since difficulties during the management of emergencies and crisis are most often related to these two issues, information management and communication. The analysis of the activity of emergency management shows that this domain is different from other industrial and business activities because of the complexity of situations in terms of uncertainty, number of stakeholders, space and time extension, the potential of damage of any incident if not properly managed, the importance of human and organisational factors and the generalised use of tacit knowledge accumulated with experience. Success of emergency management is of great importance for the safety of local communities. Risk management of a local community is a process which urges interaction between the authorities and other stakeholders, most importantly with citizens. In this respect, ICT can provide useful tools. Yet to benefit from these new tools, we need to gain a proper understanding of real needs for information, of the model of existing information exchange and of ways of communication in the stakeholders' society. As result of the analysis performed, the main roots of the lack of integration of ICT in emergency management have been identified. Most of the problems come from the difficulty in understanding the complexity of EM and in accessing the tacit knowledge of practitioners, which are essential to determine specifications of appropriate ICT systems. A methodology to access the experience of EM practitioners and to formalise this knowledge has been developed. It uses unstructured interviews with stakeholders at different levels of the hierarchy, a formalisation in particles of experience and the validation and sharing of this collective experience. Beyond its objective, this methodology also creates opportunities to develop the culture of risk and the resilience of organisations.