gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Dipolar cations confer defect tolerance in wide-bandgap metal halide perovskites (2018)

Efficient wide-bandgap perovskite solar cells (PSCs) enable high-efficiency tandem photovoltaics when combined with crystalline silicon and other low-bandgap absorbers. However, wide-bandgap PSCs today exhibit performance far inferior to that of sub-1.6-eV bandgap PSCs due to their tendency to form a high density of deep traps. Here, we show that healing the deep traps in wide-bandgap perovskites-in effect, increasing the defect tolerance via cation engineering-enables further performance improvements in PSCs. We achieve a stabilized power conversion efficiency of 20.7% for 1.65-eV bandgap PSCs by incorporating dipolar cations, with a high open-circuit voltage of 1.22 V and a fill factor exceeding 80%. We also obtain a stabilized efficiency of 19.1% for 1.74-eV bandgap PSCs with a high open-circuit voltage of 1.25 V. From density functional theory calculations, we find that the presence and reorientation of the dipolar cation in mixed cation-halide perovskites heals the defects that introduce deep trap states.
201Tl Scintigraphy in the Evaluation of Palpable and Nonpalpable Breast Lesions: Correlation with Mammography and Ultrasonography (1997)

Overall, Tl-201 scintigraphy was the most specific of the three methods and yielded favourable results in palpable breast cancers, while it showed lower sensitivity in nonpalpable cancers and axillary metastases. Combined use of Tl-201 scintigraphy with mammography and US seems to be useful in difficult cases, such as dense breasts and indeterminate breast lesions.
Effect of inactivating mutations on phosphorylation and internalization of the human VPAC2 receptor (2005)

The VPAC(2) receptor, as all members of the G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR)-B family, has two highly conserved motifs in the third intracellular (IC(3)) loop: a lysine and a leucine located at the amino-terminus and two basic residues separated by a leucine and an alanine at the carboxyl-terminus. This study evaluates the involvement of those conserved amino acid sequences in VPAC(2) signal transduction and regulation. The residues were mutated into alanine and mutants were expressed in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells stably transfected with Galpha16 and aequorin. Mutation of L310 reduced efficacy of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) to stimulate adenylate cyclase activity through Galphas coupling by 75%, without affecting VIP capability to stimulate an increase in [Ca(2+)](i) through Galpha16 coupling. Mutation of R325 and, to a lesser extend, K328 reduced VIP efficacy to stimulate [Ca(2+)](i) increase and VIP potency to stimulate adenylate cyclase. The combination of mutations of both amino- and carboxyl-terminus located conserved motifs of the IC(3) loop generates an inactive receptor with respect to [Ca(2+)](i) increase and adenylate cyclase activation, but also with respect to receptor phosphorylation and internalization that were indeed directly correlated with the potency of inactivation of the receptors. The amino-terminus of the VPAC(2) receptor IC(3) loop is thus involved in adenylate cyclase activation and the carboxyl-terminus of the IC(3) loop participates in both Galphas and Galpha16 coupling. The mutations studied also reduced both receptor phosphorylation and internalization in a manner that appeared directly linked to the alteration of Galphas and Galpha16 coupling.
Peptide Mimics of the Group B Meningococcal Capsule Induce Bactericidal and Protective Antibodies after Immunization (2007)

Neisseria meningitidis serogroup B (MenB) is a leading cause of sepsis and meningitis in children. No vaccine is available for the prevention of these infections because the group B capsular polysaccharide (CP) (MenB CP) is unable to stimulate an immune response, due to its similarity with human polysialic acid. Because the MenB CP bears both human cross-reactive and non-cross-reactive determinants, we developed immunogenic peptide mimics of the latter epitopes. Peptides were selected from phage display libraries for their ability to bind to a protective anti-MenB CP mAb. One of these peptides (designated 9M) induced marked elevations in serum bactericidal activity, but not polysialic acid cross-reacting Abs, after gene priming followed by carrier-conjugate boosting. Moreover, the occurrence of bacteremia was prevented in infant rats by administration of immune sera before MenB challenge. 9M is a promising lead candidate for the development of an effective and affordable anti-MenB vaccine.
Deep ${Q}$ -Learning-Based Node Positioning for Throughput-Optimal Communications in Dynamic UAV Swarm Network (2019)

In this paper, we study the communication-oriented unmanned air vehicle (UAV) placement issue in a typical manned-and-unmanned (MUM) airborne network. The MUM network consists of a few powerful aircraft nodes in the higher layer and high-density UAVs in the lower layer. While the aircraft network is relatively stable, the UAVs can form different swarm network topologies. Some UAVs are selected as gateway nodes to aggregate the received UAV data and send to a nearby aircraft which acts as a control node for the UAVs in a swarm. Assume a source UAV has data to be sent to its gateway node by using a route which may have broken links. Our goal is to guide the position of one or more relay UAVs to make up for the broken wireless links under the dynamic swarm topology. The placement of the relay node is determined by both traffic quality-of-service (QoS) requirements and the link conditions. We design a new queueing model, called multi-hop priority queue, to analyze the achievable QoS performance through multi-hop queue-to-queue accumulation modeling. To handle dynamic swarm topology and time-varying link conditions, we design a deep Q-learning (DQN) model to determine the optimal link between two UAV nodes, and then use an optimization algorithm to locally fine-tune the position of the UAV node to optimize the overall network performance. The DQN-based UAV link selection is computed in the powerful aircraft (control node) which maintains the graphs of the swarm topology, where the optimization is implemented at the UAV. Our simulation results validate the throughput efficiency of our DQN-based UAV positioning scheme.
SAP102 Mediates Synaptic Clearance of NMDA Receptors (2012)

Membrane-associated guanylate kinases (MAGUKs) are the major family of scaffolding proteins at the postsynaptic density. The PSD-MAGUK subfamily, which includes PSD-95, PSD-93, SAP97, and SAP102, is well accepted to be primarily involved in the synaptic anchoring of numerous proteins, including N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs). Notably, the synaptic targeting of NMDARs depends on the binding of the PDZ ligand on the GluN2B subunit to MAGUK PDZ domains, as disruption of this interaction dramatically decreases NMDAR surface and synaptic expression. We recently reported a secondary interaction between SAP102 and GluN2B, in addition to the PDZ interaction. Here, we identify two critical residues on GluN2B responsible for the non-PDZ binding to SAP102. Strikingly, either mutation of these critical residues or knockdown of endogenous SAP102 can rescue the defective surface expression and synaptic localization of PDZ binding-deficient GluN2B. These data reveal an unexpected, nonscaffolding role for SAP102 in the synaptic clearance of GluN2B-containing NMDARs.
An IPM-PMASR motor for home appliance washing machines (2013)

The paper presents an innovative electric drive for home appliance washing machines based on a PMASR (Permanent Magnet Assisted Synchronous Reluctance) motor. The motor magnetic model and the power vs. speed characteristic are presented. The PMASR motor is when experimentally compared with a three phase induction motor, that is, nowadays, the state of the art. The laboratory measurements confirm the higher efficiency of the PMASR drive for washing operation and comparable behavior for spinning.
ChemInform Abstract: Selective Protection of the Side Chain Hydroxy Group in Bile Alcohol Derivatives. (1987)

(1986). SELECTIVE PROTECTION OF THE SIDE CHAIN HYDROXY GROUP IN BILE ALCOHOL DERIVATIVES. Organic Preparations and Procedures International: Vol. 18, No. 5, pp. 345-352.
Neural Architecture Search with Random Labels (2021)

In this paper, we investigate a new variant of neural architecture search (NAS) paradigm -- searching with random labels (RLNAS). The task sounds counter-intuitive for most existing NAS algorithms since random label provides few information on the performance of each candidate architecture. Instead, we propose a novel NAS framework based on ease-of-convergence hypothesis, which requires only random labels during searching. The algorithm involves two steps: first, we train a SuperNet using random labels; second, from the SuperNet we extract the sub-network whose weights change most significantly during the training. Extensive experiments are evaluated on multiple datasets (e.g. NAS-Bench-201 and ImageNet) and multiple search spaces (e.g. DARTS-like and MobileNet-like). Very surprisingly, RLNAS achieves comparable or even better results compared with state-of-the-art NAS methods such as PC-DARTS, Single Path One-Shot, even though the counterparts utilize full ground truth labels for searching. We hope our finding could inspire new understandings on the essential of NAS.
Extrapolated Projection Methods for PAPR Reduction (2018)

Over more than the last decade, there has been a significant effort in research to reduce the peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) in orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) systems. This effort has been mainly driven by the need for enhancing the efficiency of power amplifiers. In this paper, we formulate the PAPR reduction problem as a feasibility problem in a real Hilbert space, and provide algorithmic solutions based on extrapolated projection methods with suitably constructed constraint sets. This set-theoretic approach provides a high flexibility and includes various existing PAPR reduction techniques as special cases. In particular, it allows for balancing between the spectral efficiency and signal distortion on a symbol-to-symbol basis, while supporting arbitrary combinations of quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) constellations. Moreover, we extend the proposed approach to reuse the phase of pilot subcarriers that are simultaneously used for channel estimation. Simulations show remarkable performance gains resulting from extrapolation, which makes it possible to achieve a considerable PAPR reduction in just a few iterations with low computational cost.
Chimeric Ad5 Vectors Expressing the Short Fiber of Ad41 Show Reduced Affinity for Human Intestinal Epithelium (2005)

Altering adenovirus tropism has attracted increased attention in recent years to improve gene delivery. We constructed a recombinant Ad5 vector carrying the non-CAR (coxsackievirus and adenovirus receptor) binding short fiber of enterotropic Ad41 (Ad5SHORT) and tested its transduction efficiency on enterocytes. Ad5SHORT was engineered, in high titers similar to the parent vector, by homologous recombination in Escherichia coli BJ5183 (recBC sbcBC) and propagated on C7 cells. Western blotting confirmed the presence of Ad41 short fiber on Ad5SHORT while lack of CAR-binding was evident by the low transduction of CHO-CAR cells. Transduction efficiency of enterocytes, the natural target tissue for the fiber-"donor" virus Ad41, was tested in human intestinal biopsy cultures and in Caco-2 cells, including ulcerative colitis tissue and mucosal wound healing models. Ad5SHORT exhibited up to 23-fold lower transduction levels compared to Ad5 in human intestinal biopsy cultures and up to 13-fold in the in vitro systems. The differences with the in vitro systems were more pronounced when less differentiated cells were used. These studies highlight the potential for using this chimeric Ad5/Ad41 vector as a scaffold for the development of retargeted adenoviral vectors. Finally, our results suggest that the short fiber does not appear to be mediating, at least by itself, the increased enterocyte affinity of Ad41.
Characteristics of the IL-2 receptor expressed on large granular lymphocytes from patients with abnormally expanded large granular lymphocytes. Implication of a non-Tac IL-2-binding peptide. (1988)

Large granular lymphocytes (LGL) from four patients with abnormally expanded LGL in the peripheral blood were studied regarding their receptor for IL-2. LGL from none of the cases examined expressed Tac Ag, an Il-2R glycoprotein recognized by anti-Tac mAb. However, 125I-labeled IL-2 binding experiments demonstrated that 1400 to 2800/cell IL-2 binding sites with a single affinity (K: 0.46-1.4 nM) were expressed on LGL from the four patients. The affinity was not high but about 10-fold higher than that of the low affinity IL-2R expressed on activated normal T lymphocytes. Furthermore, LGL from the four patients proliferated in response to higher concentrations of IL-2 and these responses were not inhibited by an excess amount of anti-Tac antibody. 125I-Labeled IL-2 cross-linking studies performed in two cases revealed the predominant expression of an IL-2 binding molecule with an estimated Mr of 70,000 to 75,000. After the culture with IL-2 for 48 h, expression of a small amount of Tac Ag (p55) was induced on LGL in at least three cases. These data strongly suggested that the IL-2R expressed on LGL is functional and identical to the p70, a novel IL-2 binding peptide that has been recently identified and speculated to form the high affinity IL-2R in association with the p55.
Long-range fiber-transmission of photons with orbital angular momentum (2011)

We demonstrate propagation of light possessing orbital angular momentum over record fiber-lengths (~km) with minimal cross-talk (&lt;20-dB). This yields a novel degree of freedom for encoding information in fibers for quantum or classical communication links.
The eta isoform of protein kinase C is localized on rough endoplasmic reticulum. (1994)

The eta isoform of protein kinase C, isolated from a cDNA library of mouse skin, has unique tissue and cellular distributions. It is predominantly expressed in epithelia of the skin, digestive tract, and respiratory tract in close association with epithelial differentiation. We report here that this isoform is localized on the rough endoplasmic reticulum in transiently expressing COS1 cells and constitutively expressing keratinocytes. By the use of polyclonal antibodies raised against peptides of the diverse D1 and D2/D3 regions, we found that immunofluorescent signals were strongest in the cytoplasm around the nucleus and became weaker toward the peripheral cytoplasm. Under immunoelectron microscopic examination, electron-dense signals were located on the rough endoplasmic reticulum and on the outer nuclear membrane which is continuous with the endoplasmic reticulum membrane. However, no signals were detected in the nucleus, inner nuclear membrane, smooth endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, mitochondria, or plasma membrane. Treatment of the cells in situ with detergents suggested association of the isoform of protein kinase C with intracellular structures. By immunoblotting, a distinct single band with an M(r) of 80,000 was detected in whole-cell lysate and in rough microsomal and crude nuclear fractions, all of which contain outer nuclear membrane and/or rough endoplasmic reticulum. We further demonstrated the absence of a nuclear localization signal in the pseudosubstrate sequence. The present observation is not consistent with the report of Greif et al. (H. Greif, J. Ben-Chaim, T. Shimon, E. Bechor, H. Eldar, and E. Livneh, Mol. Cell. Biol. 12:1304-1311, 1992).
Design and Fabrication of Quartz Vacuum Windows with Matching Layers for Millimeter-Wave Receivers (2001)

CHF patients have elevated airway resistance and reduced reactance measured with IOS compared with control subjects.
Induction by Salicylic Acid of Pathogenesis-related Proteins and Resistance to Alfalfa Mosaic Virus Infection in Various Plant Species (1986)

Summary Spraying tobacco plants with salicylic acid induces both the synthesis of ‘pathogenesis-related’ (PR) proteins and resistance to viruses that can induce necrotic lesions. We show that spraying Samsun NN tobacco with salicylic acid induced the production of PR-1 mRNAs and inhibited the systemic multiplication of alfalfa mosaic virus (AlMV) by 90%. Salicylic acid treatment also induced the synthesis of PR proteins in bean and cowpea plants, and reduced by 75% the production of local lesions in AlMV-infected bean plants. Salicylic acid inhibited the replication of AlMV in cowpea protoplasts by up to 99%, depending on the mode of application. In AlMV-inoculated cowpea protoplasts, the production of viral minus-strand RNA, plus-strand RNA and coat protein was abolished, indicating that salicylic acid inhibits an early step in the AlMV replication cycle. The viability of the cells and the synthesis of host proteins were not affected by salicylic acid. Another aromatic compound, p-coumaric acid, induced neither PR proteins nor resistance to virus infection.
Regulation of Insulin Secretion from β-Cell Lines Derived from Transgenic Mice Insulinomas Resembles that of Normal β-Cells* (1990)

Insulin secretory physiology has been characterized in tumor cell lines derived by primary culture of insulinomas that developed in transgenic mice expressing the large T-antigen of SV40 in pancreatic islet beta-cells. Cells in one of these lines, beta TC-3, contain large amounts of insulin (3100 +/- 294 ng/100 micrograms cellular protein). Constitutive release of insulin over 2 h in static incubation was low at 31.9 ng/100 micrograms protein and was increased 2-fold by glucose (16.7 mM) and 8-fold by depolarizing concentrations of potassium (45 mM). Isobutylmethylxanthine (IBMX; 0.5 mM) and forskolin (5 and 50 microM), which elevated cellular levels of cAMP, were ineffective as secretagogues, but dramatically potentiated glucose and potassium effects on insulin release (6.5- and 4-fold, respectively). A variety of other known insulin secretagogues stimulated insulin release in a manner analogous to their effects in normal islets. The sulfonylurea glipizide (1 microM) and the tumor-promoting phorbol ester 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (1 microM) stimulated insulin release 3.4- and 13.7-fold, respectively. The cholinergic agonist carbachol (2 microM) was ineffective alone, but potentiated glucose-induced insulin release 2.8-fold. Comparable stimulation of insulin release by glucose (16.7 mM) and glucose (16.7 mM) plus IBMX (0.5 mM) was noted with several other beta TC lines, which were derived independently from separate transgenic mice. Glucose- and glucose- plus IBMX (0.5 mM)-induced insulin release occurred progressively from 0.15-16.7 mM, indicating that insulin release from beta TC-3 cells occurred at much lower levels than that from normal islets. However, as in the normal islet, the glucose concentration dependency for insulin release was highly correlated (r = 0.93) with the glucose concentration dependency for glucose utilization (measured by 3H2O formation from [5-3H]glucose). This suggests that glucose induces insulin release from beta TC-3 cells by a mechanism similar to that in the normal islet. The high insulin content, the multifold stimulation of insulin release by a variety of secretagogues, their convenient propagation in culture, and the renewable source of these cell lines make the beta TC cells a convenient model for studies of beta-cell function.
Optical modulational instability in a nonlocal medium (2003)

We report the first observation of modulational instability in nematic liquid crystals encompassing a nonlocal behavior. The experimental results are quantitatively compared with the theory revealing the fundamental features associated to a nonlocal nonlinearity.
Comparison of Equivalent Circuit Models for a Multimode Dielectric Resonator Absorber (2019)

Two equivalent circuit models for a dielectric resonator absorber structure are developed and compared. The first model is based on the modal field distributions inside the resonator structure, while the other one is based on the modification of Foster's reactance theorem. Circuit parameters of these models are extracted using a genetic algorithm. The input impedance magnitude and reflection coefficient from these circuits are compared with the results from full-wave simulation within the frequency range of 3 GHz - 18 GHz. It is shown that the equivalent circuit using modal field distribution has a higher mean deviation for both input-impedance magnitude and reflection coefficient than that based on the Foster equivalent circuit. But, from a physical point of view, the modal field distribution offers a better explanation for the generation of modes within the resonator. Both models can complement each other.
Platelet-derived CXCL12 regulates monocyte function, survival, differentiation into macrophages and foam cells through differential involvement of CXCR4–CXCR7 (2015)

Platelets store and release CXCL12 (SDF-1), which governs differentiation of hematopoietic progenitors into either endothelial or macrophage-foam cells. CXCL12 ligates CXCR4 and CXCR7 and regulates monocyte/macrophage functions. This study deciphers the relative contribution of CXCR4-CXCR7 in mediating the effects of platelet-derived CXCL12 on monocyte function, survival, and differentiation. CXCL12 and macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) that ligate CXCR4-CXCR7 induced a dynamic bidirectional trafficking of the receptors, causing CXCR4 internalization and CXCR7 externalization during chemotaxis, thereby influencing relative receptor availability, unlike MCP-1. In vivo we found enhanced accumulation of platelets and platelet-macrophage co-aggregates in peritoneal fluid following induction of peritonitis in mice. The relative surface expression of CXCL12, CXCR4, and CXCR7 among infiltrated monocytes was also enhanced as compared with peripheral blood. Platelet-derived CXCL12 from collagen-adherent platelets and recombinant CXCL12 induced monocyte chemotaxis specifically through CXCR4 engagement. Adhesion of monocytes to immobilized CXCL12 and CXCL12-enriched activated platelet surface under static and dynamic arterial flow conditions were mediated primarily through CXCR7 and were counter-regulated by neutralizing platelet-derived CXCL12. Monocytes and culture-derived-M1-M2 macrophages phagocytosed platelets, with the phagocytic potential of culture-derived-M1 macrophages higher than M2 involving CXCR4-CXCR7 participation. CXCR7 was the primary receptor in promoting monocyte survival as exerted by platelet-derived CXCL12 against BH3-mimetic induced apoptosis (phosphatidylserine exposure, caspase-3 activation, loss of mitochondrial transmembrane potential). In co-culture experiments with platelets, monocytes predominantly differentiated into CD163(+) macrophages, which was attenuated upon CXCL12 neutralization and CXCR4/CXCR7 blocking antibodies. Moreover, OxLDL uptake by platelets induced platelet apoptosis, like other platelet agonists TRAP and collagen-related peptide (CRP). CXCL12 facilitated phagocytosis of apoptotic platelets by monocytes and M1-M2 macrophages, also promoted their differentiation into foam cells via CXCR4 and CXCR7. Thus, platelet-derived CXCL12 could regulate monocyte-macrophage functions through differential engagement of CXCR4 and CXCR7, indicating an important role in inflammation at site of platelet accumulation.