gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Association of antigen processing machinery and HLA class I defects with clinicopathological outcome in cervical carcinoma (2007)

HLA class I loss is a significant mechanism of immune evasion by cervical carcinoma, interfering with the development of immunotherapies and cancer vaccines. We report the systematic investigation of HLA class I and antigen processing machinery component expression and association with clinical outcome. A tissue microarray containing carcinoma lesions from 109 cervical carcinoma patients was stained for HLA class I heavy chains, beta(2)-microglobulin, LMP2, LMP7, LMP10, TAP1, TAP2, ERAP1, tapasin, calreticulin, calnexin and ERp57. A novel staining evaluation method was used to ensure optimal accuracy and reliability of expression data, which were correlated with known clinicopathological parameters. Partial HLA class I loss was significantly associated with decreased 5-years overall survival (61% vs. 83% for normal expression; P<0.05) and was associated with decreased 5-years disease-free survival (DFS) (65% vs. 82% for normal expression; P=0.05). All APM components except LMP10, calnexin and calreticulin were down-regulated in a substantial number of cases and, except ERAP1, correlated significantly with HLA class I down-regulation. LMP7, TAP1 and ERAP1 loss was significantly associated with decreased overall and (except LMP7) DFS (P<0.05 and 0.005, respectively). ERAP1 down-regulation was an independent predictor for worse overall and DFS in multivariate analysis (HR 3.08; P<0.05 and HR 2.84; P<0.05, respectively). HLA class I and APM component down-regulation occur frequently in cervical carcinoma, while peptide repertoire alterations due to ERAP1 loss are a major contributing factor to tumour progression and mortality.
Visual Tracking Based on Siamese Network of Fused Score Map (2019)

Nowadays, visual object tracking becomes a hotspot and difficulty to achieve a real-time and accurate target tracking, but the Siamese network has solved these difficulties because of its good tracking effect and real-time performance. The location of the target in the previous frame is the template, and the similarity matching is carried out in the search area of the current frame. However, it uses Alexnet network with simple structure and fewer layers to extract features, and just uses a score map to predict the final position of the object. Aiming at these problems, in this paper, we propose the Siamese network of fused response map that use the Alexnet network with fine tuning to extract target features, and weight fusion of score maps to estimate the final position of object. Sufficient experiments on the VOT2015 and OTB100 benchmarks validate that our tracker can improve tracking performance, and perform at 60FPS.
Bringing down the host: enteropathogenic and enterohaemorrhagicEscherichia colieffector-mediated subversion of host innate immune pathways (2015)

Enteric bacterial pathogens commonly use a type III secretion system (T3SS) to successfully infect intestinal epithelial cells and survive and proliferate in the host. Enteropathogenic and enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EPEC; EHEC) colonize the human intestinal mucosa, form characteristic histological lesions on the infected epithelium and require the T3SS for full virulence. T3SS effectors injected into host cells subvert cellular pathways to execute a variety of functions within infected host cells. The EPEC and EHEC effectors that subvert innate immune pathways--specifically those involved in phagocytosis, host cell survival, apoptotic cell death and inflammatory signalling--are all required to cause disease. These processes are reviewed within, with a focus on recent work that has provided insights into the functions and host cell targets of these effectors.
A Rule-Based Decision Framework for Medical Sensor Networks (2007)

In the future, continuous vital sign data collection will be an integral part of every patient's electronic medical record. The sensors that collect this information will become smaller, wireless and potentially more heterogeneous. They will need to be smart, scalable and extensible to accommodate large patient populations. In this paper, we propose a general rule-based system that enables automated vital sign processing through the SnBench framework. The SnBench framework provides scalability through distributed event management. The rule-based engine described in this paper enables adaptive event processing necessary to satisfy a wide array of patient needs.
Regulation of C4 Photosynthesis A Role for Pyruvate in Regulating Pyruvate,Pi Dikinase Activity in vivo (1986)

Results are presented in support of the view that pyruvate levels are critical in the light-dark regulation of pyruvate,PI dikinase in vivo. In an in vitro system containing purified Zea mays pyruvate,PI dikinase, increasing pyruvate reduced both the initial rate and the final extent of ADP-mediated inactivation of the enzyme. Pyruvate also reversed the inhibitory effect of ADP on the initial rate of PI-mediated activation of pyruvate,P*i dikinase. With intact Zea mays leaves, inactivation of pyruvate,PI dikinase in darkened leaves was prevented by anaerobic conditions or reduced temperature; both treatments resulted in elevated steady-state levels of pyruvate. Added pyruvate was shown to substantially increase the level of active pyruvate,PI dikinase in chloroplasts incubated with PI in the dark but not in the light. The likely physiological significance of these results is discussed.
Theoretical investigation of GaN permeable base transistors for microwave power applications (2005)

An electrical and thermal study of submicron GaN multi-finger permeable base transistors (PBTs) is presented. Carrier transport in the intrinsic finger is studied with drift-diffusion and energy balance models, validated against ensemble Monte Carlo simulation; device performances are optimized through an aggressive geometrical scaling. Non-isothermal analysis of the complete multi-finger structure demonstrates the need for a mobility model whose temperature dependence is not confined to low-field parameters. The potential of GaN PBTs for microwave power applications is finally investigated by evaluating the relevant figures of merit.
Distributed Deep Reinforcement Learning for Adaptive Medium Access and Modulation in Shared Spectrum. (2021)

Spectrum scarcity has led to growth in the use of unlicensed spectrum for cellular systems. This motivates intelligent adaptive approaches to spectrum access for both WiFi and 5G that improve upon traditional carrier sensing and listen-before-talk methods. We study decentralized contention-based medium access for base stations (BSs) of a single Radio Access Technology (RAT) operating on unlicensed shared spectrum. We devise a learning-based algorithm for both contention and adaptive modulation that attempts to maximize a network-wide downlink throughput objective. We formulate and develop novel distributed implementations of two deep reinforcement learning approaches - Deep Q Networks and Proximal Policy Optimization - modelled on a two stage Markov decision process. Empirically, we find the (proportional fairness) reward accumulated by the policy gradient approach to be significantly higher than even a genie-aided adaptive energy detection threshold. Our approaches are further validated by improved sum and peak throughput. The scalability of our approach to large networks is demonstrated via an improved cumulative reward earned on both indoor and outdoor layouts with a large number of BSs.
Discovery in Genetic Skin Disease: The Impact of High Throughput Genetic Technologies (2014)

The last decade has seen considerable advances in our understanding of the genetic basis of skin disease, as a consequence of high throughput sequencing technologies including next generation sequencing and whole exome sequencing. We have now determined the genes underlying several monogenic diseases, such as harlequin ichthyosis, Olmsted syndrome, and exfoliative ichthyosis, which have provided unique insights into the structure and function of the skin. In addition, through genome wide association studies we now have an understanding of how low penetrance variants contribute to inflammatory skin diseases such as psoriasis vulgaris and atopic dermatitis, and how they contribute to underlying pathophysiological disease processes. In this review we discuss strategies used to unravel the genes underlying both monogenic and complex trait skin diseases in the last 10 years and the implications on mechanistic studies, diagnostics, and therapeutics.
Phase-Difference Ambiguity Resolution for a Single-Frequency Signal (2008)

In this letter, we propose a novel method to disambiguate the phase-difference of a single-frequency signal observed between a pair of spatially separated sensors, with inter-sensor spacing exceeding half the wavelength (lambda/2) of the signal. We mathematically prove that, in a noiseless case, the true phase-difference can unambiguously be estimated utilizing a third collinear sensor, provided that the absolute difference between the two smaller inter-sensor spacings is less than lambda/2. The performance of the method is characterized by estimating the probability of failure in noisy cases.
Significance and detection of very low degree of polymerization of paper in transformers (2017)

It is a general belief that mineral oil filled power transformers are designed to operate reliably for up to 40 years. However, there are many transformers installed worldwide operating well beyond such age. Therefore, transformer end-of-life should not be simply indicated by the designed 40 years, but determined by the insulation system end-of-life.
Profiling Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase Specificity with Self-Assembled Monolayers for Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Mass Spectrometry and Peptide Arrays (2019)

The opposing activities of phosphatases and kinases determine the phosphorylation status of proteins, yet kinases have received disproportionate attention in studies of cellular processes, with the roles of phosphatases remaining less understood. This Research Article describes the use of phosphotyrosine-containing peptide arrays together with matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) mass spectrometry to directly profile phosphatase substrate selectivities. Twenty-two protein tyrosine phosphatases were characterized with the arrays to give a profile of their specificities. An analysis of the data revealed that certain residues in the substrates had a conserved effect on activity for all enzymes tested, including the general rule that inclusion of a basic lysine or arginine residue on either side of the phosphotyrosine decreased activity. This insight also provides a new perspective on the role of a R1152Q mutant in the insulin receptor, which is known to exhibit a lower phosphorylation level and which this work suggests may be due to an increased activity toward phosphatase enzymes. The use of self-assembled monolayers for matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (SAMDI-MS) to provide a rapid and quantitative assay of phosphatase enzymes will be important to gaining a more complete understanding of the biochemistry and biology of this important enzyme class.
Role of Na,K-ATPase α1 and α2 Isoforms in the Support of Astrocyte Glutamate Uptake (2014)

Glutamate released during neuronal activity is cleared from the synaptic space via the astrocytic glutamate/Na(+) co-transporters. This transport is driven by the transmembrane Na(+) gradient mediated by Na,K-ATPase. Astrocytes express two isoforms of the catalytic Na,K-ATPase α subunits; the ubiquitously expressed α1 subunit and the α2 subunit that has a more specific expression profile. In the brain α2 is predominantly expressed in astrocytes. The isoforms differ with regard to Na+ affinity, which is lower for α2. The relative roles of the α1 and α2 isoforms in astrocytes are not well understood. Here we present evidence that the presence of the α2 isoform may contribute to a more efficient restoration of glutamate triggered increases in intracellular sodium concentration [Na(+)]i. Studies were performed on primary astrocytes derived from E17 rat striatum expressing Na,K-ATPase α1 and α2 and the glutamate/Na(+) co-transporter GLAST. Selective inhibition of α2 resulted in a modest increase of [Na(+)]i accompanied by a disproportionately large decrease in uptake of aspartate, an indicator of glutamate uptake. To compare the capacity of α1 and α2 to handle increases in [Na(+)]i triggered by glutamate, primary astrocytes overexpressing either α1 or α2 were used. Exposure to glutamate 200 µM caused a significantly larger increase in [Na(+)]i in α1 than in α2 overexpressing cells, and as a consequence restoration of [Na(+)]i, after glutamate exposure was discontinued, took longer time in α1 than in α2 overexpressing cells. Both α1 and α2 interacted with astrocyte glutamate/Na(+) co-transporters via the 1st intracellular loop.
Anatomically-Specific, 3D-Printed Cradles Enable In Vivo Mapping of the Bioelectrical Activation across the Gastroduodenal Junction (2022)

Rhythmic bioelectrical 'slow waves' are a key regulatory mechanism underpinning digestion. The pyloric sphincter separates the independent slow wave and contractile behavior of the stomach and small intestine, while also regulating gastric emptying. In this study, we develop and validate anatomically-specific electrode cradles and analysis techniques in pigs, to map in vivo slow wave activation across this critical pylorus region for the first time. 3D printed electrode cradles were developed from reconstructions of magnetic resonance images, to accurately capture anatomical geometry. A low-pass Savitzky-Golay filter with an equivalent cut-off frequency of ~2 Hz was chosen as the optimal filter for analysis of both gastric and intestinal slow waves. Slow waves in the terminal antrum occurred with a frequency of (2.81±0.55) cycles per minute (cpm), velocity of (5.04 ± 0.29) mm s-1, and amplitude of (1.38±0.37) mV, before terminating at a zone of quiescence at the pylorus that was (41.22±7.4)nm wide. The proximal duodenal pacemaker initiated slow waves at a frequency of (18.1±0.80) cpm, velocity of (11.3±2.4) mm s-1, and amplitude of (0.376±0.027) mV. This work enables quantitative definitions of numerous physiological features of the in vivo pylorus region, including the electrically quiescent zone and duodenal pacemaker location. Clinical Relevance- This work establishes a novel method for in vivo measurement of bioelectrical slow wave activity of the pyloric region, which is a key target for physiological investigation and clinical intervention. In the future, the methods developed here may inform diagnosis and/or treatment of functional gastrointestinal disorders.
Synchrotron Radiation Study of the M2MgSi2O7:Eu2+ Persistent Luminescence Materials (2008)

The synchrotron radiation luminescence and excitation spectra of the Eu2+ doped M2MgSi2O7 (M = Ca, Sr, Ba) materials were investigated at the SUPERLUMI station of HASYLAB at DESY, Germany. The measurement of the band gap (Eg) energy of all three host lattices using the excitation spectra of Eu2+ gave values around 7 eV. The measured band gap energies were very similar but slightly higher than those calculated with the DFT-methods. The effect of R3+ co-doping was studied at different temperatures between 10 K and room temperature. A significant increase in the band gap energy was observed with decreasing temperature. In contrast, no noteworthy change in this value was observed as a function of the R3+ co-doping ion.
RETROFIT 'N' ROTORS FOR EFFICIENT OIL-FLOODED SCREW COMPRESSORS (2000)

The market for twin screw compressors is highly competitive, especially in compressed air and refrigeration systems, and new designs are continually being introduced which are more efficient and cost effective than their predecessors.However, because of the high cost of development of new machines, manufacturers seek to maintain their existing designs for as long as possible.Closer study of many of the older designs has shown that in the majority of cases, all that is required to bring them up to date is to change the rotor profile to one of more up to date type.This paper describes the design of a family of highly efficient screw compressor rotors based on rack generated profiles which were used to replace standard asymmetric rotors in sizes between 102 and 204 mm and thereby maximise the compressor efficiencies.They were developed with the aid of a software package which takes into account almost every aspect of thermodynamic and geometric modelling.All the definitive dimensions of the original rotors, such as centre distance, outer and root diameters, rotor length and average clearance were retained.However the favourable features of the new 'N' rotors permit their clearances to be reduced, if required, with no increase in manufacturing cost.All the other compressor components remained unchanged and no changes of any kind were required in the housing and bearing design .. Experimental tests showed that in all cases the introduction of the new rotors increased the compressor displacement by more then 6.5 % and raised the adiabatic efficiency by not less than 2.5 %.This led to an increased power input requirement of 2.6 %.However, the existing drive motors were sufficient to meet this additional need.
Sonographically guided fine needle aspiration biopsy of abdominal lymph nodes: experience in 102 patients. (1999)

We present our experience with sonographically guided fine needle aspiration biopsy of abdominal and retroperitoneal lymph nodes in 102 patients. The biopsied lymph nodes measured 1 to 6 cm (mean, 2.3 cm) and were located at the porta hepatis (n = 23), in the peripancreatic (n = 31), paraaortic (n = 22), aortocaval (n = 1), common iliac (n = 3), or external iliac (n = 6) regions, or in the mesentery (n = 16). Material sufficient for cytologic analysis was obtained in 87 (85.2%) of the 102 patients. The cytologic diagnosis in these patients included malignancy in 47 patients, tuberculosis in 28 patients, reactive lymphoid hyperplasia in 10 patients, and aspergillosis in two patients. In the other 15 patients, fine needle aspiration biopsy could not provide a definitive diagnosis. No major or minor complications occurred in our study. Thus, sonographic guidance is an effective alternative to computed tomography for biopsy of abdominal and retroperitoneal lymph nodes.
Fc Receptors for IgA on Human B, and Human Non-B, Non-T Lymphocytes (1979)

Abstract Recently, receptors for IgA were demonstrated on subpopulations of human T lymphocytes. In this report, TNP-modified ox erythrocytes coated with the IgA myeloma MOPC-315 were used to detect IgA receptor-bearing lymphocytes within the human non T cell lymphocyte population. A mean of 5.3% (range 2.9 to 12.4%) of Erosette negative human lymphocytes bound IgA-coated indicator cells. Blocking studies with soluble IgA, IgG, and IgM demonstrated that the IgA receptors on the non-T cell populations were separate and distinct from the Fc-receptors for IgG and IgM. Fractionation of the non-T lymphocytes on anti-human (Fab)2 columns into sIg+ and sIg- populations or by rosetting with EAC to provide CRL+ and CRL- populations demonstrated that Fc-IgA receptors were present on a subpopulation of sIg+, CRL+ lymphocytes, and also on sIg- (non-T, non-B) lymphocytes.
Guest Editorial Machine Learning in Antenna Design, Modeling, and Measurements (2022)

Machine learning (ML) is the study of computational methods for improving performance by mechanizing the acquisition of knowledge from experience. As a modern data-driven optimization and applied regression methodology, ML aims to provide increasing levels of automation in the knowledge engineering process, replacing much time-consuming human activity with automatic techniques that improve accuracy and/or efficiency by discovering and exploiting regularities in training data. Indeed, many ML and data-driven methods, such as conventional artificial neural networks (ANNs), were introduced and studied within electromagnetics a few decades ago. However, these past studies did not benefit from the most recent advances in ML, which have been driven by the present confluence of improved hardware performance at lower cost, advanced network algorithms and architectures, data science, and considerable efforts dedicated to advancing the computational electromagnetics (CEM) benchmark. Today, a broader family of ML techniques based on ANNs has been developed. Examples include deep neural network (DNN), convolutional neural network (CNN), recurrent neural network, generative adversarial network, and deep reinforcement learning, which have been successfully applied to different engineering and science problems, ranging from image and video recognition, social media services, virtual personal assistant to autonomous vehicles, to name a few. This naturally suggests that applying ML to real-world electromagnetic problems could be one of the emerging trends in ML and artificial intelligence (AI) <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref1" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">[1]</xref> – <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref2" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"/> <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"/> <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref4" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">[4]</xref> . Indeed, ML has been becoming an important complement to existing experimental, computational, and theoretical aspects of electromagnetics.
High-frequency digital PWM controller IC for DC-DC converters (2003)

This paper describes a complete digital PWM controller IC for high-frequency switching converters. Novel architecture and configurations of the key building blocks are A/D converter, compensator, and digital pulse-width modulator, are introduced to meet the requirements of tight output voltage regulation, high-speed dynamic response, and programmability without external passive components. The implementation techniques are experimentally verified on a prototype chip that takes less than 1 mm/sup 2/ of silicon area in a standard 0.5 /spl mu/ digital complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) process and operates at the switching frequency of 1 MHz.
Stork: secure package management for vm environments (2008)

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Stagonolides G−I and Modiolide A, Nonenolides Produced by Stagonospora cirsii, a Potential Mycoherbicide for Cirsium arvense (2008)

Stagonospora cirsii Davis, a fungal pathogen isolated from Cirsium arvense (commonly called Canada thistle) and proposed as a potential mycoherbicide of this perennial noxious weed, produces phytotoxic metabolites in liquid and solid cultures. Stagonolide, the main phytotoxic metabolite, and five new related nonenolides, named stagonolides B-F, were isolated from the fungus. When grown on solid culture, nonenolide yields increased. A further four nonenolides were isolated and characterized by spectroscopy. Three were new compounds and named stagonolides G-I, and the fourth was identified as modiolide A, previously isolated from Paraphaeosphaeria sp., a fungus separated from the horse mussel. Leaf disk-puncture assays at 1 mg/mL of stagonolides H-I and modiolide A were phytotoxic to C. arvense. Only stagonolide H inhibited chicory seedling root growth. The most potent toxin, stagonolide H, indicated selectivity when tested on leaves of eight different plants: Canada thistle was most sensitive to the compound.