gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Methods for the determination of the number and the activity of sulfate-reducing bacteria (1988)

硫酸還元菌の計数には安定して結果の得られるMPN法がよく, 改変ISA培地 (Mara and Williams, 1970) を用いれば菌の生育が早いので培養期間を短縮できる。また, 有機物が多いので還元剤の添加が省略でき, 半流動培地にして混釈すれば流動パラフィンによる封入も要しない。この培地は沈殿を全く生じないので寒天培地中で明瞭なコロニーを作らせることが可能である。パウチに寒天培地を封じることで容易に嫌気的な平板培養ができる。硫酸還元活性の測定は35Sでラベルした硫酸塩の還元速度で求める。生成した硫化水素は酸性下で不活性ガスを通気して吸収液に固定させ (ストリッピング法), 放射活性を測定する。硫化水素の回収法としては, 他に吸収液を含ませた濾紙に吸収させる方法 (濾紙吸収法) があり, この方法を用いることによって, 測定時のトラブルも少なく, 迅速に多数の試料を処理することが可能となり, 応用分野の調査研究にも適していると思われる。
Effect of doxycycline‐regulated protein disulfide isomerase expression on the specific productivity of recombinant CHO cells: Thrombopoietin and antibody (2007)

Abstract Protein disulfide isomerase (PDI), one of the ER‐resident molecular chaperones, forms and isomerizes disulfide bonds. This study attempts to investigate the effect of PDI expression level on specific productivity ( q ) of recombinant Chinese hamster ovary (rCHO) cells producing thrombopoietin (TPO) and antibody (Ab). To regulate the PDI expression level, the Tet‐Off system was introduced in TPO and Ab producing CHO cells, and stable Tet‐Off cells (TPO‐Tet‐Off and Ab‐Tet‐Off) were screened using the luciferase assay. The doxycycline‐regulated PDI expression system in Tet‐Off rCHO cells (Tet‐TPO‐PDI and Tet‐Ab‐PDI) was established by the cotransfection of pTRE‐PDI and pTK‐Hyg expression vector into TPO‐Tet‐Off and Ab‐Tet‐Off cells, respectively. Subsequent screening was done by Western blot analysis of PDI and an enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay of the secreted TPO and antibody. We cultured two Tet‐TPO‐PDI and two Tet‐Ab‐PDI clones, and all these clones showed an average of 2.5‐fold increase in PDI expression when compared to the basal level. In both these cell lines the PDI expression was tightly controlled by various concentrations of doxycycline. The q of TPO ( q TPO ) was unaffected but that of antibody producing cells was increased by 15–27% due to the PDI expression level. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2007;98:611–615. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Quantitative interpretation using conventional and facies-based pre-stack inversion — A thin dolomite reservoir case study in Cabin Creek Field, Williston Basin (2018)

Cabin Creek Field, on the southwestern flank of the Williston Basin, is one of 14 hydrocarbon fields within Cedar Creek Anticline. The field was initially discovered in May 1953 and developed by Shell starting with primary production followed by water flooding beginning in the late 1950s. In 1999, Encore purchased Shell’s interests and focused on infill drilling. In 2010, Denbury Resources acquired Encore giving it the potential to undertake enhanced oil recovery operations in the Rockies. Production is from the Ordovician Red River, Silurian Stony Mountain, Interlake, and Mississippian Mission Canyon Formations.
Metabolic response of Botryococcus braunii to high bicarbonate dosages and other conditions: analysis of photosynthetic performance, productivity, and lipidomic profile (2021)

Abstract In this study the metabolic responses of Botryococcus braunii were analyzed upon different inorganic carbon dosages and nutrient limitation conditions in terms of lipid and biomass productivity, as well as photosynthetic performance. The nutritional schemes evaluated included different levels of sodium bicarbonate and nitrogen and phosphorus starvation, which were contrasted against standard cultures fed with CO 2 . Bicarbonate was found to be an advantageous carbon source since high dosages caused a significant increase in biomass and lipid productivity, in addition to an enhanced photosynthetic quantum yield and neutral lipids abundance. This contrasts to the commonly used approach of microalgae nutrient limitation, which leads to high lipid accumulation at the expense of impaired cellular growth, causing a decline in overall lipid productivity. The lipidome analysis served to hypothesize about the influence of the nutritional context on B. braunii structural and storage lipid metabolism, besides the adaptive responses exhibited by cells that underwent nutrient stress.
Disease-modifying drugs for multiple sclerosis: a rapid and systematic review. (2000)

Mantel's extension of Mantel-Haenzel procedure * Used only in tables and appendices 1. Prevention of disease progression and relapse rates. This is the aim of the disease modifying (or immunomodulatory) drugs. The drugs examined in this report are: azathioprine, beta interferon (IF), cladribine, cyclophosphamide, glatiramer, intravenous immunoglobulin, methotrexate and mitoxantrone. Azathioprine is licensed for use in all forms of MS. IF-1a and 1b are licensed for use in relapsing-remitting MS and secondary progressive MS, and IF-1b is licensed for use in secondary progressive MS. Cladribine, cyclophosphamide, glatiramer, intravenous immunoglobulin, methotrexate and mitoxantrone are not licensed in the UK for use in MS. 2. Treatment of acute exacerbations. Steroids are the treatment for acute worsening of symptoms or new neurological disturbances that do not spontaneously resolve. Steroids reduce the severity of the exacerbation but do not affect consequent disability. 3. Treatment of chronic symptoms -such as spasticity by physiotherapy and antispasticity drugs, and fatigue by psychological and physiological treatments, and by neurorehabilitation. 1. Prevention of disease progression and relapse rates. This is the aim of disease-modifying (or immunomodulatory) drugs; these are considered in this report. 2. Treatment of acute exacerbations. Steroids are the treatment for acute worsening of Chapter 1
Crystal structure of (2,6-diisopropyl-phenyl)-(6-(2,6-dimethyl-phenyl)-pyridin-2-yl)-amine-(2,6-diisopropyl-phenyl)-(6-(2,6-dimethyl-phenyl)- pyridin-2-yl)-amido-lithium, Li(C25H29N2)(C25H30N2) (2007)

Article Crystal structure of (2,6-diisopropyl-phenyl)-(6-(2,6-dimethyl-phenyl)-pyridin-2-yl)-amine-(2,6-diisopropyl-phenyl)-(6-(2,6-dimethyl-phenyl)- pyridin-2-yl)-amido-lithium, Li(C25H29N2)(C25H30N2) was published on September 1, 2007 in the journal Zeitschrift für Kristallographie - New Crystal Structures (volume 222, issue 3).
Three-Level Unidirectional Rectifiers under Non-Unity Power Factor Operation and Unbalanced Split DC-Link Loading: Analytical and Experimental Assessment (2021)

Three-phase three-level unidirectional rectifiers are among the most adopted topologies for general active rectification, achieving an excellent compromise between cost, complexity and overall performance. The unidirectional nature of these rectifiers negatively affects their operation, e.g., distorting the input currents around the zero-crossings, limiting the maximum converter-side displacement power factor, reducing the split DC-link mid-point current capability and limiting the converter ability to compensate the low-frequency DC-link mid-point voltage oscillation. In particular, the rectifier operation under non-unity power factor and/or under constant zero-sequence voltage injection (i.e., when unbalanced split DC-link loading occurs) typically yields large and uncontrolled input current distortion, effectively limiting the acceptable operating region of the converter. Although high bandwidth current control loops and enhanced phase current sampling strategies may improve the rectifier input current distortion, especially at light load, these approaches lose effectiveness when significant phase-shift between voltage and current is required and/or a constant zero-sequence voltage must be injected. Therefore, this paper proposes a complete analysis and performance assessment of three-level unidirectional rectifiers under non-unity power factor operation and unbalanced split DC-link loading. First, the theoretical operating limits of the converter in terms of zero-sequence voltage, modulation index, power factor angle, maximum DC-link mid-point current and minimum DC-link mid-point charge ripple are derived. Leveraging the derived zero-sequence voltage limits, a unified carrier-based pulse-width modulation (PWM) approach enabling the undistorted operation of the rectifier in all feasible operating conditions is thus proposed. Moreover, novel analytical expressions defining the maximum rectifier mid-point current capability and the minimum peak-to-peak DC-link mid-point charge ripple as functions of both modulation index and power factor angle are derived, the latter enabling a straightforward sizing of the split DC-link capacitors. The theoretical analysis is verified on a 30 kW, 20 kHz T-type rectifier prototype, designed for electric vehicle ultra-fast battery charging. The input phase current distortion, the maximum mid-point current capability and the minimum mid-point charge ripple are experimentally assessed across all rectifier operating points, showing excellent performance and accurate agreement with the analytical predictions.
[ECG-triggered DSA of the aortic arch and the supra-aortal vessels of the neck]. (1985)

220 examinations were conducted in 55 patients (40 men and 15 women) to explore the question whether there are any changes in the area of the aortic arch and the supra-aortal vessels. The examinations were conducted intraindividually according to ECG-triggered and non-ECG-triggered DSA technique. The technical conditions with regard to x-ray film, volume of contrast media, and patient positions, were the same for the purpose of comparing the results with regard to the number of x-ray films, image quality, incidence of artifacts and changes in exposure to irradiation. It was found that ECG-triggered DSA yielded a greater number of diagnostically useful and qualitatively superior images with reduced irradiation exposure in a shorter time than non-ECG-triggered DSA.
Phosphorylated paxillin and phosphorylated FAK constitute subregions within focal adhesions (2022)

Integrin-mediated adhesions are convergence points for multiple signaling pathways. Their inner structure and diverse functions can be studied with super-resolution microscopy. Here, we examined the spatial organization within focal adhesions by analyzing several adhesion proteins with structured illumination microscopy (SIM). Paxillin (Pax) serves as a scaffold protein and signaling hub in focal adhesions, and focal adhesion kinase (FAK, also known as PTK2) regulates the dynamics of adhesions. We found that their phosphorylated forms, pPax and pFAK, form spot-like, spatially defined clusters within adhesions in several cell lines and confirmed these findings with additional super-resolution techniques. These clusters showed a more regular separation from each other compared with more randomly distributed signals for FAK or paxillin. Mutational analysis indicated that the active (open) FAK conformation is a prerequisite for the pattern formation of pFAK. Live-cell super-resolution imaging revealed that organization in clusters is preserved over time for FAK constructs; however, distance between clusters is dynamic for FAK, while paxillin is more stable. Combined, these data introduce spatial clusters of pPax and pFAK as substructures in adhesions and highlight the relevance of paxillin-FAK binding for establishing a regular substructure in focal adhesions.
Photometry and spectroscopy of the new sdBV CS 1246 (2010)

We report the discovery of a large-amplitude oscillation in the hot subdwarf B star CS 1246 and present multicolour photometry and time-resolved spectroscopy supporting this discovery. We used the 0.41-m Panchromatic Robotic Optical Monitoring and Polarimetry Telescopes array to acquire data in the &lt;it&gt;u&lt;/it&gt;′, &lt;it&gt;g&lt;/it&gt;′, &lt;it&gt;r&lt;/it&gt;′ and &lt;it&gt;i&lt;/it&gt;′ filters simultaneously over three consecutive nights in 2009 April. These data reveal a single oscillation mode with a period of 371.707 ± 0.002 s and an amplitude dependent upon wavelength, with a value of 34.5 ± 1.6 mma in the &lt;it&gt;u&lt;/it&gt;′ filter. We detected no additional frequencies in any of the light curves. Subsequently, we used the 4.1-m SOAR telescope to acquire a time-series of 248 low-resolution spectra spanning 6 h to look for line profile variations. Models fits to the spectra give mean atmospheric values of &lt;it&gt;T&lt;/it&gt;&lt;inf&gt;eff&lt;/inf&gt;= 28 450 ± 700 K and log &lt;it&gt;g&lt;/it&gt;= 5.46 ± 0.11 undergoing variations with semi-amplitudes of 507 ± 55 K and 0.034 ± 0.009, respectively. We also detect a radial velocity oscillation with an amplitude of 8.8 ± 1.1 km s−1. The relationship between the angular and physical radii variations shows that the oscillation is consistent with a radial mode. Under the assumption of a radial pulsation, we compute the stellar distance, radius and mass as &lt;it&gt;d&lt;/it&gt;=460 ±190&lt;inf&gt;90&lt;/inf&gt; pc, &lt;it&gt;R&lt;/it&gt;= 0.19 ± 0.08 R&lt;inf&gt;&amp;odot;&lt;/inf&gt; and &lt;it&gt;M&lt;/it&gt;= 0.39 ±0.30&lt;inf&gt;0.13&lt;/inf&gt; M&lt;inf&gt;&amp;odot;&lt;/inf&gt;, respectively, using the Baade–Wesselink method.
Low energy electron scattering from polyatomic targets (2009)

Low energy elastic electron scattering cross-sections from water and several alcohols are presented. This paper addresses accurately measuring quantitative differential elastic scattering cross-sections, using the relative flow method with an aperture source, and focuses on the long range dipole interaction of the scattering electron with these polar targets. The electron-dipole interaction dominates the scattering for these molecules and contributes significantly to their integral elastic cross-sections.
Chemical approaches to discover the full potential of peptide nucleic acids in biomedical applications (2021)

Peptide nucleic acid (PNA) is arguably one of the most successful DNA mimics, despite a most dramatic departure from the native structure of DNA. The present review summarizes 30 years of research on PNA's chemistry, optimization of structure and function, applications as probes and diagnostics, and attempts to develop new PNA therapeutics. The discussion starts with a brief review of PNA's binding modes and structural features, followed by the most impactful chemical modifications, PNA enabled assays and diagnostics, and discussion of the current state of development of PNA therapeutics. While many modifications have improved on PNA's binding affinity and specificity, solubility and other biophysical properties, the original PNA is still most frequently used in diagnostic and other in vitro applications. Development of therapeutics and other in vivo applications of PNA has notably lagged behind and is still limited by insufficient bioavailability and difficulties with tissue specific delivery. Relatively high doses are required to overcome poor cellular uptake and endosomal entrapment, which increases the risk of toxicity. These limitations remain unsolved problems waiting for innovative chemistry and biology to unlock the full potential of PNA in biomedical applications.
HLA-B35 and MICA-A5 synergistically enhanced the susceptibility to Chagas heart disease (2000)

[Summary] To determine the host genetic factors that influence susceptibility to Chagas heart disease, we typed 33 unrelated, seropositive Chagas patients with cardiac disorders at the Department of Cardiology, Zacapa National Hospital, Zacapa, Guatemala, and 138 seronegative controls for polymorphisms of HLA-B, MHC class I chain-related gene A (MICA), and the Tumor Necrosis Factor-a (TNF-a) promoter region. The frequency of BLA-B35 was significantly increased in the cardiac Chagas patients (Pc<0.003, OR = 5.50, 95%CI=2.31-13.11). Although there was no association between MICA, TNF-a promoter region polymorphisms and the disease, the increased risk for the individuals who had both HLA-B35 and MICA-A5 (delta odds ratio; ORB_35 /A5 -1=9.80) was higher than the sum of the increased risks for either HLA-B35 (DR_B35 -1=2.78) or MICA-A5 single positive (OR_A5 -1=0.08) individuals, indicating that the effects of the two alleles on susceptibility were synergistic.
Evaluation of Wireless Devices for Monitoring Fracture-Critical Steel Bridges (2010)

Highway bridges are vital links in the U.S. transportation network, providing the public with routes for daily commutes and businesses with the infrastructure needed to supply goods and services. Identifying possible safety problems in the approximately 600,000 bridges across the country generally is accomplished through labor-intensive visual inspections. The National Bridge Inspection Program requires that bridges be inspected at least once every 2 years. Pending legislation spurred by the collapse of the I-35W steel truss bridge in Minneapolis, Minnesota, would increase the inspections for fracture-critical bridges to once a year and likely strain department of transportation resources that are already stretched to the limit. This paper outlines ongoing research sponsored by the National Institute of Standards and Technology that seeks to improve inspection practices by providing the technology and methodology for real-time monitoring of steel bridges. The first generation of two wireless systems (one based on IEEE 802.11 and another on IEEE 802.15.4) from National Instruments has been evaluated in field conditions. This paper presents results of a study to characterize wireless communication in steel box girders and I-girders. In addition, enhancements to be made in the second generation are discussed.
A demonstrator for bolometric interferometry (2009)

Bolometric Interferometry (BI) is one of the most promising techniques for precise measurements of the Cosmic Microwave Background polarization. In this paper, we present the results of DIBO (Demonstrateur d'Interferometrie Bolometrique), a single-baseline demonstrator operating at 90 GHz, built to proof the validity of the BI concept applied to a millimeter-wave interferometer. This instrument has been characterized in the laboratory with a detector at room temperature and with a 4 K bolometer. This allowed us to measure interference patterns in a clean way, both (1) rotating the source and (2) varying with time the phase shift among the two interferometer's arms. Detailed modelisation has also been performed and validated with measurements.
Combined blockade of HER2 and VEGF exerts greater growth inhibition of HER2-overexpressing gastric cancer xenografts than individual blockade (2013)

Gastric cancer overexpressing the human epidermal growth factor 2 (HER2) protein has a poor outcome, although a combination of chemotherapy and the anti-HER2 antibody trastuzumab has been approved for the treatment of advanced gastric cancer. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression in gastric cancer is correlated with recurrence and poor prognosis; however, the anti-VEGF antibody bevacizumab has shown limited efficacy against gastric cancer in clinical trials. In this study, we evaluated the antitumor effects of trastuzumab; VEGF-Trap binding to VEGF-A, VEGF-B and placental growth factor (PlGF); and a combination of trastuzumab and VEGF-Trap in a gastric cancer xenograft model. Although trastuzumab and VEGF-Trap each moderately inhibited tumor growth, the combination of these agents exerted greater inhibition compared with either agent alone. Immunohistochemical analyses indicated that the reduction in tumor growth was associated with decreased proliferation and increased apoptosis of tumor cells and decreased tumor vascular density. The combined treatment resulted in fewer proliferating tumor cells, more apoptotic cells and reduced tumor vascular density compared with treatment with trastuzumab or VEGF-Trap alone, indicating that trastuzumab and VEGF-Trap had additive inhibitory effects on the tumor growth and angiogenesis of the gastric cancer xenografts. These data suggest that trastuzumab in combination with VEGF-Trap may represent an effective approach to treating HER2-overexpressing gastric cancer.
The HiSIM compact model family for integrated devices containing a surface-potential MOSFET core (2008)

HiSIM (Hiroshima university Starc Igfet Model) is the name of a surface-potential-based compact model for advanced sub-100nm scale MOSFET, which we are developing since more than a decade. HiSIM has evolved into one of the worlds leading MOSFET models for circuit simulation, practically applied by the semiconductor industry. More recently, the HiSIM approach of a consistently potential-based modeling has been successfully extended to a broad range of integrated devices which have a MOSFET core in common, including SOI-MOSFET (HiSIM-SOI), high-voltage MOSFET (HiSIM-HV), Insulated-Gate-Bipolar Transistor (HiSIM-IGBT), thin-film transistor (HiSIM-TFT), MOS varactor (HiSIM-VAR) and Double-Gate MOSFET (HiSIM-DG). The presentation will give an outline of the surface-potential-based solutions applied in the HiSIM compact model and the methods for consistently potential-based extensions to derive compact models for all integrated devices which contain a MOSFET core.
Solar Glitter Microsystems enabled photovoltaics. (2012)

Abstract not provided.
Supplementary Figure S1 from Anti-Folate Receptor-α IgE but not IgG Recruits Macrophages to Attack Tumors via TNFα/MCP-1 Signaling (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Demarcation of tumor islets and immune cell infiltrates in rat lung sections&lt;/p&gt;
Channel estimation and hybrid combining for mmWave: Phase shifters or switches? (2015)

Precoding/combining and large antenna arrays are essential in millimeter wave (mmWave) systems. In traditional MIMO systems, precoding/combining is usually done digitally at baseband with one radio frequency (RF) chain and one analog-to-digital converter (ADC) per antenna. The high cost and power consumption of RF chains and ADCs at mmWave frequencies make an all-digital processing approach prohibitive. When only a limited number of RF chains is available, hybrid architectures that split the precoding/combining processing into the analog and digital domains are attractive. A previously proposed hybrid solution employs phase shifters and mixers in the RF precoding/combining stage. It obtains near optimal spectral efficiencies with a reduced number of RF channels. In this paper we propose a different hybrid architecture, which simplifies the hardware at the receiver by replacing the phase shifters with switches. We present a new approach for compressed sensing based channel estimation for the hybrid architectures. Given the channel estimate, we propose a novel algorithm that jointly designs the antenna subsets selected and the baseband combining. Using power consumption calculations and achievable rates, we compare the performance of hybrid combining with antenna switching and phase shifting, showing that antenna selection is preferred in a range of operating conditions.
Recurrent Cellulitis After Coronary Bypass Surgery (1984)

Certain patients who have undergone coronary artery bypass grafts suffer from episodes of acute cellulitis, often repeatedly, in the saphenous vein donor extremity. We describe nine patients with this entity, five of whom suffered recurrent attacks (range, two to greater than 20). The mean interval between surgery and the initial bout of cellulitis was 15 months (range, two to 46 months). A characteristic clinical syndrome was present in the majority of patients that included the abrupt onset of chills, followed by fever (generally greater than 38.8 degrees C), prostration, and obvious cellulitis. Seven patients also suffered from tinea pedis; in two instances, measures to control the dermatophytosis were instituted and attacks ceased. The pathogenesis of the entity may involve complex interactions between fungal and bacterial agents. Factors such as direct bacterial infection, hypersensitivity to streptococcal exotoxins, and id reactions to dermatophytes are probably involved in varying combinations.
Progress in the Synthesis of Iboga-alkaloids and their Congeners (2011)

Click to increase image sizeClick to decrease image size Acknowledgements S. S. thanks DST, India for financial support through grant SR/S1/OC-38/2007. G. K. J. and S. P. are thankful to CSIR for their fellowships.