gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Rhaponticin from Rhubarb Rhizomes Alleviates Liver Steatosis and Improves Blood Glucose and Lipid Profiles in KK/Ay Diabetic Mice (2009)

We isolated several stilbene compounds including rhaponticin (3',5-dihydroxy-4'-methoxystilbene 3- O-beta- D-glucopyranoside) from extracts of rhubarb rhizomes. These compounds showed significant hypoglycemic effects in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced type 1 diabetic rats and mice. In this study, we investigated the effect of rhaponticin on glucose utilization, lipid metabolism, and liver and heart function in a KK/Ay type 2 diabetic mouse model. The results showed that oral administration of rhaponticin (125 mg/kg) significantly reduced blood glucose levels and improved oral glucose tolerance of KK/Ay diabetic mice. Elevated plasma triglyceride (TG), low density lipoprotein (LDL), cholesterol (CHO), non-esterified free fatty acids (NEFA), and insulin levels were also markedly attenuated. Serum enzymatic activities of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), creatine kinase (CK), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) in the rhaponticin-treated group significantly decreased in comparison to the untreated model group. Livers of rhaponticin-treated mice had relatively normal cellular size and decreased fibrosis and steatosis. In addition, rhaponticin administration caused a remarkable increase in the hepatic glycogen content and a significant reduction in the hepatic triglyceride content. These results indicate that rhaponticin has a noticeable antidiabetic effect and could be potentially used as a new agent to treat type 2 diabetes mellitus and its complications.
Approximation of Fresnel Integrals with Applications to Diffraction Problems (2018)

This article introduces two approximations that allow the evaluation of Fresnel integrals without the need for using numerical algorithms. These equations accomplish the characteristic of being continuous in the same interval as Fresnel. Both expressions have been determined applying the least squares method to suitable expressions. Accuracy of equations improves as <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M1"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>x</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:math> increases; as for small values of <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M2"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>x</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:math>, it is possible to achieve an absolute error less than <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M3"><mml:mn mathvariant="normal">8</mml:mn><mml:mo>×</mml:mo><mml:mn mathvariant="normal">1</mml:mn><mml:msup><mml:mrow><mml:mn mathvariant="normal">0</mml:mn></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mo>-</mml:mo><mml:mn mathvariant="normal">5</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msup></mml:math>. To probe the efficiency of the equations, two case studies are presented, both applied in the optics field. The first case is related to the semi-infinite opaque screen for Fresnel diffraction. In this case study Fresnel integrals are evaluated with the proposed equations to calculate the irradiance distribution and the Cornu spiral for diffraction computations of the Fresnel diffraction; obtained results show a good accuracy. The second case is related to the double aperture problem for Fresnel diffraction.
A Study on Photocatalytic Decomposition of Methylene Blue by Crystal Structures of Anatase/Rutile $TiO_2$ (2012)

Anatase and anatase/rutile samples were prepared at /TTIP molar ratio of 0.1, 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 to study the effects of the physical properties of on photocatalytic decomposition of methylene blue. The physical properties of the samples were measured with XRD, SEM, TEM, BET, FT-IR, and UV-vis spectroscopy. Anatase phase was observed at /TTIP of 0.1 and anatase/rutile phases were observed at /TTIP of 0.5~1.5. Rutile crystal phase, mesopore size between nanoparticles, and surface OH group on sample were gradually increased with increasing the molar ratio of /TTIP and the residual methylene blue concentration before UV irradiation decreased from 78.0 to 53.3%. After UV irradiation, the residual methylene blue concentrations of the samples prepared at /TTIP of 0.1, 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 were 20, 14, 11, and 23%, respectively, and the sample prepared at /TTIP of 1.0 showed the best photocatalytic ability.
HELP--A Total Hospital Information System (1980)

The HELP system, designed and developed at the LDS Hospital in Salt Lake City, is a data driven hospital and medical information system. In contrast to most hospital information systems the HELP system is primarily designed to implement medical decision-making in real time for all aspects of patient care. The current HELP system is implemented on a Tandem “non stop” computer system consisting of 4 CPUs, disc storage and 240 communication ports. The major subsystems used in development of the application programs consist of a data base management subsystem, a decision-making subsystem, a manual data entry subsystem and a communications subsystem. Applications running on the HELP system include ADT, order entry, pharmacy, laboratory, x-ray, patient monitoring, medical records, clinical research and teaching.
Molecular precursor approach to metal oxide and pnictide thin films (2013)

Molecular precursors for the preparation of main group metal oxide and transition metal pnictide thin films have been developed. This work involves the design and synthesis of single-source precursors that contain all the elements required in the thin film. Design of the ideal precursor presents a significant challenge since they must be volatile, non-toxic and thermally stable. Therefore the precursors have been tailored to give clean, reproducible decomposition leading to high quality thin films with good coverage of the substrate. In this review key aspects of precursor synthesis and thin film deposition developed in our group are described. The range of precursors developed for main group oxides, in particular gallium and indium oxide, are discussed, with the most studied being the donor-functionalized alkoxides of the type [R2M(OR′)]2 (M = Ga, In; R = H, Me, Et; R′ = CH2CH2NMe2, CH2CH2OMe etc.). Preliminary mechanistic studies suggest that monomers are formed in the gas phase via stabilization of the metal centre by the donor atom (N or O). Precursors to transition metal pnictides have also been developed, including guanidinates, imides, phosphine and arsine compounds and an overview of their use in film deposition is given.
Syncytia formation by SARS-CoV-2 infected cells (2020)

Abstract Severe cases of COVID-19 are associated with extensive lung damage and the presence of infected multinucleated syncytial pneumocytes. The viral and cellular mechanisms regulating the formation of these syncytia are not well understood. Here, we show that SARS-CoV-2 infected cells express the viral Spike protein (S) at their surface and fuse with ACE2-positive neighbouring cells. Expression of S without any other viral proteins triggers syncytia formation. Type-I interferon (IFN)-induced transmembrane proteins (IFITMs), a family of restriction factors that block the entry of many viruses, inhibit S-mediated fusion, with IFITM1 being more active than IFITM2 and IFITM3. On the contrary, the TMPRSS2 serine protease, which is known to enhance infectivity of cell-free virions, processes both S and ACE2 and increases syncytia formation by accelerating the fusion process. TMPRSS2 thwarts the antiviral effect of IFITMs. Our results show that the pathological effects of SARS-CoV-2 are modulated by cellular proteins that either inhibit or facilitate syncytia formation. One Sentence Summary Syncytia produced by SARS-CoV-2 infected cells and regulation of their formation by IFITMs and TMPRSS2.
Codonopsis pilosula twines either to the left or to the right (2012)

Abstract We report the twining handedness of Codonopsis pilosula, which has either a left- or right-handed helix among different plants, among different tillers within a single plant, and among different branches within a single tiller. The handedness was randomly distributed among different plants, among the tillers within the same plants, but not among the branches within the same tillers. Moreover, the handedness of the stems can be strongly influenced by external forces, i.e. the compulsory left and right forming inclined to produce more left- and right-handed twining stems, respectively, and the reversing could make a left-handed stem to be right-handed and vice versa. We also discuss the probable mechanisms these curious cases happen.
Key technologies for SON in next generation radio access networks (2014)

The aim of SON (Self-Organizing Network) is to realize the autonomic function of the wireless network by self-configuration, self-optimization and self-healing, which reduces the human intervention and improves the user experience. Self-configuration is a process where newly deployed eNodeB are configured by automatic installation procedures to get the necessary basic configuration for system operation. Self-optimization is a process that continuously monitors an environment and automatically optimizes various parameters when the environment changes. Self-healing is a process that detects and localizes failures, then fixes the problems automatically. This paper gives a comprehensive introduction to the SON functionalities and outlines the framework of self-configuration, self-optimization and self-healing. Some concrete algorithms are proposed for self-optimization and self-healing, which include capacity and coverage optimization and cell outage detection and compensation respectively. Simulation results in various scenarios are provided to evaluate the performance of the proposed algorithms.
Slip in Entangled Polymer Melts. 2. Effect of Surface Treatment (1998)

The influences of various physical and chemical characteristics of solid substrates on apparent slip violations in entangled polybutadienes are investigated in plane-Couette shear flow. Slip measurements are reported for a range of substrates: (i) clean silica glass, (ii) uncleaned silica glass, (iii) fluorocarbon-coated silica, (iv) clean roughened silica, and (v) polybutadiene-grafted silica. Though the magnitude and details of the measured slip velocities vary dramatically from substrate to substrate, our findings all appear consistent with a shear-induced polymer disentanglement explanation for apparent slip violations in entangled polymers. On uncleaned silica, at shear stresses beyond the critical shear stress σ* for macroscopic slip, we find extensive void and/or shear fracture formation near the polymer−silica interface. We show that these observations result from nonuniform slip velocities on the heterogeneous, unclean substrate. On clean roughened silica glass surfaces, no evidence is found of the stick-slip instabilities reported in Part 1 for smooth silica. This difference in slip dynamics is attributed to differences in the surface relaxation dynamics of polymer chains on the two substrates. On low-energy smooth silica, very large slip velocities are found over the entire range of shear stresses investigated. These slip velocities are, however, at least an order of magnitude lower than current expectations for slip over ideal nonadsorbing surfaces. Finally, slip velocity versus shear stress diagrams obtained for polybutadiene-grafted silica are found to be remarkably similar to those observed on bare silica. This finding provides additional support to an earlier contention that surface friction characteristics of long polybutadiene molecules spontaneously adsorbed onto a neutral substrate are reasonably approximated by those of entangled, end-grafted polymer chains.
Embedded Pentium(R) processor system design for Windows CE (2002)

This paper discusses the key features of the Pentium processor and proposes system design techniques. Windows CE for embedded applications is also discussed. Performance and low power consumption along with hardware and software options for various applications are also provided.
Ciencia jurídica europea y Derecho Comunitario: Ius romanum. Ius commune (2008)

Roma inventa el Derecho en el Occidente Europeo. El estudio de las normas juridicas ,con caracter autonomo de otras disciplinas, se inicia en las Escuelas Orientales de Berito y Constantinopla en el siglo V, y se consolida de forma definitiva en la Bolonia del siglo XI. Glosadores, Comentaristas. Humanistas. Iusnaturalistas. Racionalistas. Positivistas y Pandectistas, integran los principales focos de pensamiento que, a lo largo de la historia de Europa, conforman su pensamiento juridico, al propio tiempo que hacen posible la armonizacion del Derecho Comunitario en la Union Europea.
Intradialytic Symptoms and Recovery Time in Patients on Thrice-Weekly In-Center Hemodialysis: A Cross-sectional Online Survey (2019)

A majority of patients receiving in-center hemodialysis experience symptoms such as feeling washed out, fatigue, and cramping; these may be severe and are correlated with longer recovery time following hemodialysis, as well as shortened and skipped hemodialysis sessions.
Ferroic crystals (2004)

Twinned crystals are normally classified according to twin-laws and morphology, or according to their mode of origin, or according to a structural basis, but there is another classification that deserves wider acceptance, one that is based on the tensor properties of the orientation states. An advantage of such a classification is the logical relationship between free energy and twin structures, for it becomes immediately apparent which forces and fields will be effective in moving twin walls. The domain patterns in ferroelectric and ferromagnetic materials are strongly affected by external fields, but there are many other types of twinned crystals with movable twin walls and hysteresis. These materials are classified as ferroelastic, ferrobielastic, and various other ferroic species. As explained in the next section, each type of switching arises from a particular term in the free energy function. Ferroic crystals possess two or more orientation states or domains, and under a suitably chosen driving force the domain walls move, switching the crystal from one domain state to another. Switching may be accomplished by mechanical stress (X), electric field (E), magnetic field (H), or some combination of the three. Ferroelectric, ferroelastic, and ferromagnetic materials are well known examples of primary ferroic crystals in which the orientation states differ in spontaneous polarization (P(s)), spontaneous strain (x(s)), and spontaneous magnetization (I(s)), respectively. It is not necessary, however, that the orientation states differ in the primary quantities (strain, polarization, or magnetization) for the appropriate field to develop a driving force for domain walls. If, for example, the twinning rules between domains lead to a different orientation of the elastic compliance tensor, a suitably chosen stress can then produce different strains in the two domains. This same stress may act upon the difference in induced strain to produce wall motion and domain reorientation. Aizu suggested the term ferrobielastic to distinguish this type of response from ferroelasticity, and illustrated the effect with Dauphine twinning in quartz. Other types of secondary ferroic crystals are listed in Table 16.1, along with the difference between domain states, and the driving fields required to switch between states.
Evaluation of a Maternal Plasma RNA Panel Predicting Spontaneous Preterm Birth and Its Expansion to the Prediction of Preeclampsia (2022)

Preterm birth is the principal contributor to neonatal death and morbidity worldwide. We previously described a plasma cell-free RNA panel that between 16 and 20 weeks of pregnancy had potential to predict spontaneous preterm birth (sPTB) ≤ 32 weeks caused by preterm labor (PTL) or preterm premature rupture of membranes (PPROM). The present study had three objectives: <b>(1)</b> estimate the RNA panel prognostic accuracy for PTL/PPROM ≤ 32 weeks in a larger series; <b>(2)</b> improve accuracy by adding clinical characteristics to the predictive model; and <b>(3)</b> examine the association of the RNA panel with preeclampsia. We studied 289 women from Memphis TN prospectively sampled 16.0-20.7 weeks and found: (1) <i>PSME2</i> and <i>Hsa-Let 7g</i> were differentially expressed in cases of PTL/PPROM ≤ 32 weeks and together provided fair predictive accuracy with AUC of 0.76; (2) combining the two RNAs with clinical characteristics improved good predictive accuracy for PTL/PPROM ≤ 32 weeks (AUC 0.83); (3) <i>NAMPT</i> and <i>APOA1</i> were differentially expressed in women with 'early-onset preeclampsia' (EOP) and together provided good predictive accuracy with AUC of 0.89; and (4) combining the two RNAs with clinical characteristics provided excellent predictive accuracy (AUC 0.96). Our findings suggest an underlying common pathophysiological relationship between PTL/PPROM ≤ 32 weeks and EOP and open inroads for the prognostication of high-risk pregnancies.
Conjugated Pyridine-Based Polymers Characterized as Conductivity Carrying Components in Anode Materials (2014)

Herein, polypyridine (P25Py) is for the first time evaluated as an anode material for organic matter based electric energy storage devices. P25Py is synthesized both chemically and electrochemically and the influence of electrolyte and solvent on the doping behavior of the material is investigated in propylene carbonate and acetonitrile with LiClO4 and TBAPF6. A battery consisting of P25Py coupled to a lithium metal disc is assembled and the electrochemical performance and cycling stability of the conjugated polymer is analyzed. In all electrolyte combinations P25Py is conductive and shows reversible redox chemistry between −1.0 and −2.0 V vs ferrocene with capacitive response characteristics. The electrochemical impedance spectroscopy response of the material can be described by a Randles equivalent circuit with a finite length Warburg diffusion element in which the diffusion coefficient of the cations increases with increasing doping level of the polymer. In the battery cell configuration the polymer shows reversible cycling with no capacity fading during the first 100 cycles without conducting additives. P25Py thus provides a promising alternative conducting polymer base for electrical energy storage applications which expands both the potential widow as well as the electrolyte compatibility of the flora of known conducting polymers.
High-speed multicolor SRS imaging (Conference Presentation) (2018)

For its label-free imaging capability with chemical specificity, Raman microscopy has found various applications in biology, medicine, pharmacology, and material science. In imaging of moving samples and/or a large number of objects, however, spontaneous Raman imaging falls short due to its slow signal acquisition time. Multicolor stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) microscopy is a promising approach to this end because it can probe the vibrational signatures of molecules at multiple vibrational frequencies with orders of magnitude higher sensitivity than spontaneous Raman scattering. Here we report our two recent achievements that boost the chemical imaging speed of multicolor SRS microscopy. The first one is multicolor SRS imaging that operates at 110 frames per second by frame-by-frame wavenumber tuning. Using this method, we demonstrated video-rate single-cell imaging of intracellular metabolites in live Euglena gracilis, a highly motile microalgal species. We revealed large cell-to-cell variations in the amounts of metabolites, which is effective for efficient biomaterial engineering. The second one is four-color SRS imaging that runs at a pixel dwell time of 0.2 µs per pixel, enabled by fast wavelength switching of laser pulses. We used it to demonstrate SRS-based chemical imaging of polymer beads and living cells. Our SRS system’s fast imaging capability made high-throughput Raman imaging possible as well as blur-free Raman imaging, which are highly useful in diverse applications including cell screening and intraoperative diagnostics.
N-way switch based on Rotman lens (2012)

A single pole multi-throw RF switch has been developed based on a Rotman lens. The Rotman lens is used in reflection mode wherein a short circuited phase shifter network replaces the array port antennas. An input signal fed to a single beam port can, depending on the phase slope of the phase shifter network, be routed to any of the remaining beam ports. An unoptimised proof-of-concept 8-way switch based on a conventional Rotman lens design is demonstrated at 12 GHz.
Resonance Fluorescence of an InGaAs Quantum Dot in a Planar Cavity Using Orthogonal Excitation and Detection (2017)

The ability to perform simultaneous resonant excitation and fluorescence detection is important for quantum optical measurements of quantum dots (QDs). Resonant excitation without fluorescence detection - for example, a differential transmission measurement - can determine some properties of the emitting system, but does not allow applications or measurements based on the emitted photons. For example, the measurement of photon correlations, observation of the Mollow triplet, and realization of single photon sources all require collection of the fluorescence. Incoherent excitation with fluorescence detection - for example, above band-gap excitation - can be used to create single photon sources, but the disturbance of the environment due to the excitation reduces the indistinguishability of the photons. Single photon sources based on QDs will have to be resonantly excited to have high photon indistinguishability, and simultaneous collection of the photons will be necessary to make use of them. We demonstrate a method to resonantly excite a single QD embedded in a planar cavity by coupling the excitation beam into this cavity from the cleaved face of the sample while collecting the fluorescence along the sample's surface normal direction. By carefully matching the excitation beam to the waveguide mode of the cavity, the excitation light can couple into the cavity and interact with the QD. The scattered photons can couple to the Fabry-Perot mode of the cavity and escape in the surface normal direction. This method allows complete freedom in the detection polarization, but the excitation polarization is restricted by the propagation direction of the excitation beam. The fluorescence from the wetting layer provides a guide to align the collection path with respect to the excitation beam. The orthogonality of the excitation and detection modes enables resonant excitation of a single QD with negligible laser scattering background.
Correction: All-solution-processed, flexible thin-film transistor based on PANI/PETA as gate/gate insulator (2019)

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1039/C5RA23848J.].
전략적 서비스 비전으로 분석한 TV 프로그램 디자인 성공요인: 나영석 PD의 '삼시세끼'를 중심으로 (2015)

We examine the development of a TV series, ‘Three meals a day’ (Samsi Sekki), by using the framework of strategic service vision. ‘Three meals a day’ is a reality cooking TV series directed by a producer and director (PD) Na, Young-seok who is one of the famous PDs in South Korea. In ‘Three meals a day’ two actors from an urban metropolitan area demonstrate how they get used to the life in rural area. The only mission given to them is to make three meals a day with ingredients acquired from a small farm near their rural home and a nearby village. Surprisingly, this somewhat lukewarm and plain TV series made a big hit in South Korea. We present that ‘Three meals a day’ successfully utilizes the essential elements of the strategic service vision. We also analyze how the four elements of the framework are fulfilled in the design of ‘Three meals a day’: target market segments, service concept, operating strategy and service delivery system.