gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Exploring vector fields with distribution-based streamline analysis (2013)

Streamline-based techniques are designed based on the idea that properties of streamlines are indicative of features in the underlying field. In this paper, we show that statistical distributions of measurements along the trajectory of a streamline can be used as a robust and effective descriptor to measure the similarity between streamlines. With the distribution-based approach, we present a framework for interactive exploration of 3D vector fields with streamline query and clustering. Streamline queries allow us to rapidly identify streamlines that share similar geometric features to the target streamline. Streamline clustering allows us to group together streamlines of similar shapes. Based on user's selection, different clusters with different features at different levels of detail can be visualized to highlight features in 3D flow fields. We demonstrate the utility of our framework with simulation data sets of varying nature and size.
The 2021 WHO Classification for Gliomas and Implications on Imaging Diagnosis: Part 2—Summary of Imaging Findings on Pediatric‐Type Diffuse High‐Grade Gliomas, Pediatric‐Type Diffuse Low‐Grade Gliomas, and Circumscribed Astrocytic Gliomas (2023)

The fifth edition of the World Health Organization (WHO) classification of central nervous system tumors published in 2021 advances the role of molecular diagnostics in the classification of gliomas by emphasizing integrated diagnoses based on histopathology and molecular information and grouping tumors based on genetic alterations. This Part 2 review focuses on the molecular diagnostics and imaging findings of pediatric-type diffuse high-grade gliomas, pediatric-type diffuse low-grade gliomas, and circumscribed astrocytic gliomas. Each tumor type in pediatric-type diffuse high-grade glioma mostly harbors a distinct molecular marker. On the other hand, in pediatric-type diffuse low-grade gliomas and circumscribed astrocytic gliomas, molecular diagnostics may be extremely complicated at a glance in the 2021 WHO classification. It is crucial for radiologists to understand the molecular diagnostics and imaging findings and leverage the knowledge in clinical practice. EVIDENCE LEVEL: 3 TECHNICAL EFFICACY: Stage 3.
Current state of the art in rapid diagnostics for antimicrobial resistance (2020)

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a fundamental global concern analogous to climate change threatening both public health and global development progress. Infections caused by antimicrobial-resistant pathogens pose serious threats to healthcare and human capital. If the increasing rate of AMR is left uncontrolled, it is estimated that it will lead to 10 million deaths annually by 2050. This global epidemic of AMR necessitates radical interdisciplinary solutions to better detect antimicrobial susceptibility and manage infections. Rapid diagnostics that can identify antimicrobial-resistant pathogens to assist clinicians and health workers in initiating appropriate treatment are critical for antimicrobial stewardship. In this review, we summarize different technologies applied for the development of rapid diagnostics for AMR and antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST). We briefly describe the single-cell technologies that were developed to hasten the AST of infectious pathogens. Then, the different types of genotypic and phenotypic techniques and the commercially available rapid diagnostics for AMR are discussed in detail. We conclude by addressing the potential of current rapid diagnostic systems being developed as point-of-care (POC) diagnostic tools and the challenges to adapt them at the POC level. Overall, this review provides an insight into the current status of rapid and POC diagnostic systems for AMR.
Creating Work Breaks from Available Idleness (2018)

We develop new rules for assigning available service representatives to customers in customer contact centers and other large-scale service systems in order to create effective work breaks for the service representatives from naturally available idleness. These are unplanned breaks occurring randomly over time. We consider both announced breaks as well as unannounced breaks. Our goal is to make the mean and variance of the interval between successive breaks suitably small. Given a target break duration, we propose assigning idle servers based on the elapsed time since their last break. We show that our proposed server-assignment rules are optimal for the many-server heavy-traffic (MSHT) fluid model. Extensive simulation experiments support the proposed server-assignment rules in practical cases and confirm the MSHT approximation formulas when the number of servers is very large. The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/msom.2017.0682 .
Early evidence for effectiveness of statewide school closure for mitigation of influenza (2021)

Background: School closures were mandated in response to COVID-19 as a nonpharmaceutical intervention. Infl uenza A was widespread in Wisconsin at the time of mandate, March 18, 2020, allowing its evaluation for infl uenza interruption.
Hepatitis B vaccine freezing in the Indonesian cold chain: evidence and solutions. (2004)

Inadvertent freezing of freeze-sensitive vaccines is widespread in Indonesia. Simple strategies exist to reduce freezing - for example, selective transport and storage of vaccines at ambient temperatures. The use of vaccine vial monitors reduces the risk associated with heat-damaged vaccines in these scenarios. Policy changes that allow limited storage of freeze-sensitive vaccines at temperatures >2-8 degrees C would enable flexible vaccine distribution strategies that could reduce vaccine freezing, reduce costs, and increase capacity.
Effects of Chemical and Enzymatic Modifications of Glucagon on Its Activation of Hepatic Adenyl Cyclase (1969)

Fragments of the glucagon molecule have been examined for biological activity. The peptide hormone (amino acid residues 1–29) was cleaved with cyanogen bromide, resulting in fragment 1–27, and with trypsin. These fragments as well as a synthetically prepared fragment, 1–23, and the structurally related (14 out of 27 residues identical) hormone, secretin, were all assayed by measuring their ability to activate rat liver adenyl cyclase. Of the fragments tested, only that resulting from cyanogen bromide cleavage (#1–27) possessed activity. The results indicate that the COOH-terminal portion of the hormone is essential for activity (#1–23 is inactive), but that 2 residues can be cleaved from the COOH-terminal end without complete loss of activity. (Endocrinology85: 638, 1969)
Improved‐Performance Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cells Using Nb‐Doped TiO2 Electrodes: Efficient Electron Injection and Transfer (2010)

Abstract Well‐crystallized Nb‐doped anatase TiO 2 nanoparticles are prepared by a novel synthetic route and successfully used as the photoanode of dye‐sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). The homogenous distribution of Nb in the TiO 2 lattice is confirmed by scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) elemental mapping and line‐scanning analyses. After Nb doping, the conductivity of the TiO 2 powder increases, and its flat‐band potential ( V fb ) has a positive shift. The energy‐conversion efficiency of a cell based on 5.0 mol% Nb‐doped TiO 2 is significantly better, by about 18.2%, compared to that of a cell based on undoped TiO 2 . The as‐prepared Nb‐doped TiO 2 material is proven in detail to be a better photoanode material than pure TiO 2 , and this new synthetic approach using a water‐soluble precursor provides a simple and versatile way to prepare excellent photoanode materials.
Critical signaling events during the aminoglycoside‐induced death of sensory hair cells in vitro (2004)

Sensory hair cells undergo apoptosis following exposure to aminoglycoside antibiotics. In neurons, apoptosis is associated with a transient increase in intracellular Ca2+, phosphorylation of the transcription factor c-Jun, and the release of cytochrome c from mitochondria into the cytosol, which along with other cofactors results in the activation of caspases. To examine the possible role of these events in the survival and death of the sensory receptors of the inner ear, we examined the effects of neomycin treatment on cytoplasmic calcium, activation of c-Jun-N-Terminal kinases (JNKs), cytochrome c release, and caspase-3 activation in cultured vestibular hair cells. Increased numbers of phospho-c-Jun-labeled hair cells (a downstream indicator of JNK activation) were observed at 3-12 h after neomycin treatment, whereas increased numbers of cells with cytoplasmic cytochrome c were observed at 12-18 h following the onset of neomycin treatment. This was followed by an increase in the number of cells that contained activated caspase-3 and displayed pyknotic nuclei. Treatment with the general caspase inhibitor BAF did not affect the release of cytochrome c and the number of p-c-Jun-labeled cells, but reduced the number of cells with activated caspase-3 and pyknotic nuclei. In contrast, treatment with CEP-11004, an indirect inhibitor of the JNK signaling pathway, promoted hair cell survival following neomycin treatment and reduced the number of cells with phosphorylated JNK and c-Jun, cytoplasmic cytochrome c, and activated caspase 3. These results suggest that JNK activation occurs upstream of the release of cytochrome c and that cytochrome c release precedes caspase activation. Cytochrome c release and JNK activation were also preceded by large changes in cytoplasmic calcium. Cytoplasmic calcium increases may be causally related to the release of cytochrome c, and may also be a potential pathway for activation of JNK in hair cells.
Supplemental Figure 4 from Combination of CD40 Agonism and CSF-1R Blockade Reconditions Tumor-Associated Macrophages and Drives Potent Antitumor Immunity (2023)

&lt;p&gt;S4. The cytokine milieu is more inflammatory in anti-CD40 and combination treated tumors.&lt;/p&gt;
Ant Colony Algorithm for Multi-Objective Optimization of Container-Based Microservice Scheduling in Cloud (2019)

In cloud architectures, the microservice model divides an application into a set of loosely coupled and collaborative fine-grained services. As a lightweight virtualization technology, the container supports the encapsulation and deployment of microservice applications. Despite a large number of solutions and implementations, there remain open issues that have not been completely addressed in the deployment and management of the microservice containers. An effective method for container resource scheduling not only satisfies the service requirements of users but also reduces the running overhead and ensures the performance of the cluster. In this paper, a multi-objective optimization model for the container-based microservice scheduling is established, and an ant colony algorithm is proposed to solve the scheduling problem. Our algorithm considers not only the utilization of computing and storage resources of the physical nodes but also the number of microservice requests and the failure rate of the physical nodes. Our algorithm uses the quality evaluation function of the feasible solutions to ensure the validity of pheromone updating and combines multi-objective heuristic information to improve the selection probability of the optimal path. By comparing with other related algorithms, the experimental results show that the proposed optimization algorithm achieves better results in the optimization of cluster service reliability, cluster load balancing, and network transmission overhead.
History of Open Wound and Fracture Treatment (2008)

This introduction summarizes historical aspects regarding improvements in the treatment of open fractures and complicated wounds. Before the development of standardized surgical wound treatment and antisepsis, amputations were frequently required to prevent sepsis and death. Nowadays, the use of modern sealing techniques has caused a further dramatic reduction in the infection rates and an improvement of the healing response, thus enabling orthopaedic surgeons to perform skin graft coverage, where previously plastic surgeons had to perform skin flaps.
Modeling of the Influence of Oxidation on Thin‐Walled Specimens of Single Crystal Superalloys (2012)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Theory Material and Experimental Procedure Simulation results Discussion Conclusion and Outlook
Exploring the room for repurposed hydroxychloroquine to impede COVID-19: toxicities and multipronged combination approaches with pharmaceutical insights (2021)

<b>Introduction</b>: SARS-CoV-2 has fatally affected the whole world with millions of deaths. Amidst the dilemma of a breakthrough in vaccine development, hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) was looked upon as a prospective repurposed candidate. It has confronted numerous controversies in the past few months as a chemoprophylactic and treatment option for COVID-19. Recently, it has been withdrawn by the World Health Organization for its use in an ongoing pandemic. However, its benefit/risk ratio regarding its use in COVID-19 disease remains poorly justified. An extensive literature search was done using Scopus, PubMed, Google Scholar, www.cdc.gov, www.fda.gov, and who.int.<b>Areas covered</b>: Toxicity vexations of HCQ; pharmaceutical perspectives on new advances in drug delivery approaches; computational modeling (PBPK and PD modeling) overtures; multipronged combination approaches for enhanced synergism with antiviral and anti-inflammatory agents; immuno-boosting effects.<b>Expert</b> <b>commentary</b>: Harnessing the multipronged pharmaceutical perspectives will optimistically help the researchers, scientists, biotech, and pharmaceutical companies to bring new horizons in the safe and efficacious utilization of HCQ alone or in combination with remdesivir and immunomodulatory molecules like bovine lactoferrin in a fight against COVID-19. Combinational therapies with free forms or nanomedicine based targeted approaches can act synergistically to boost host immunity and stop SARS-CoV-2 replication and invasion to impede the infection.
Long-term outcomes of concomitant suture bicuspidization technique to treat mild or moderate tricuspid regurgitation in patients undergoing mitral valve surgery (2023)

Patients undergoing MV surgery with concomitant TV repair had similar 30-day and long-term survival, similar permanent pacemaker implantation rate and reduced progression of TV regurgitation compared to those undergoing MVA.
Distributed sleep transistor network for power reduction (2004)

Sleep transistors are effective to reduce leakage power during standby modes. The cluster-based design was proposed to save sleep transistor area by clustering gates to minimize the simultaneous switching current per cluster and inserting a sleep transistor per cluster. In this paper, we propose a novel distributed sleep transistor network (DSTN), and show that DSTN is intrinsically better than the cluster-based design in terms of the sleep transistor area and circuit performance. We reveal properties of optimal DSTN designs, and then develop an efficient algorithm for gate level DSTN synthesis. The algorithm obtains DSTN designs with up to 70.7% sleep transistor area reduction compared to cluster-based designs. Furthermore, we present custom layout designs to verify the area reduction by DSTN.
Multitributary OFDM optical transmitter using carrier-suppressed optical single-sideband modulation (2004)

A multitributary optical transmitter is reported using carrier-suppressed OSSB modulation. A number of OFDM-channels can be generated by a single optical modulator. Duobinary modulation has also been demonstrated in this transmitter using RF signal processing.
Synthetic aperture focusing techniques for ultrasonic imaging of solid objects (2010)

SKI perspective This report presents the results of an investigation of SAFT algorithms as applied for post-processing of ultrasonic data acquired for inspection of coarse grained materials. Ultrasonic inspection of coarse grained material is associated with higher noise and lower efficiency than other material. This report is one step towards understanding these effects and to developing suitable methodology to inspect coarse grained materials. Project information
Data from Gene Expression Signature–Based Prognostic Risk Score in Gastric Cancer (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Purpose:&lt;/b&gt; Despite continual efforts to develop a prognostic model of gastric cancer by using clinical and pathologic parameters, a clinical test that can discriminate patients with good outcomes from those with poor outcomes after gastric cancer surgery has not been established. We aim to develop practical biomarker-based risk score that can predict relapse of gastric cancer after surgical treatment.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Experimental Design:&lt;/b&gt; Microarray technologies were used to generate and analyze gene expression profiling data from 65 gastric cancer patients to identify biomarker genes associated with relapse. The association of expression patterns of identified genes with relapse and overall survival was validated in independent gastric cancer patients.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Results:&lt;/b&gt; We uncovered two subgroups of gastric cancer that were strongly associated with the prognosis. For the easy translation of our findings into practice, we developed a scoring system based on the expression of six genes that predicted the likelihood of relapse after curative resection. In multivariate analysis, the risk score was an independent predictor of relapse in a cohort of 96 patients. We were able to validate the robustness of the six-gene signature in an additional independent cohort.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Conclusions:&lt;/b&gt; The risk score derived from the six-gene set successfully prognosticated the relapse of gastric cancer patients after gastrectomy. &lt;i&gt;Clin Cancer Res; 17(7); 1850–7. ©2011 AACR&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Poly(4-vinylpyridine)-coated glassy carbon flow detectors (1987)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPoly(4-vinylpyridine)-coated glassy carbon flow detectorsJoseph. Wang, Teresa. Golden, and Tuzhi. PengCite this: Anal. Chem. 1987, 59, 5, 740–744Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1987Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1987https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac00132a013https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00132a013research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views259Altmetric-Citations88LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
An MPSoC design approach for multiple use-cases of throughput constrainted applications (2011)

Modern multimedia systems must support a variety of different use-cases. Multi-processors Systems-on-Chip (MPSoCs) are used to realize these systems. A system designer has to dimension the size of an MPSoC such that the performance constraints of the applications are satisfied in all use-cases. In this paper, we present an approach to design MPSoCs that can meet the throughput constraints of a set of applications while minimizing the resource requirements.
Evaluation of the Influence of Corneal Biomechanical Properties on Intraocular Pressure Measurements Using the Ocular Response Analyzer (2006)

ORA IOPCC measurements seem to provide an estimate of IOP that is less influenced by corneal properties than those provided by GAT.
Evaluating remote setting techniques for oyster (Crassostrea virginica) seed production in Louisiana (2010)

Research was conducted to implement remote setting technology for the commercial- scale production of oysters on alternative cultch material in Louisiana. Genetic research has created an enhanced oyster stock for commercial cultivation. Since the Louisiana oyster industry relies on natural seed production for product, they are unable to utilize these new advances and are never guaranteed a reliable source of oyster seed. Remote setting is one way of producing a consistent supply of genetically improved oysters. Cultch material for oyster settlement is a limiting resource. Several alternatives to clamshell have been explored. The objectives of this study are: (1) test larval setting success (penetration) using three cultch types in aerated and non-aerated treatments; (2) characterize triploid oyster seed growth and abundance among three cultch types on a commercial oyster lease; (3) characterize ploidy dilution of planted triploid oyster seed by natural diploids among three cultch types on an oyster lease; and (4) document the costs associated with seed bedding. Limestone had significantly less spat set than both whole and crushed oyster shell; spat set significantly less at bottom-depth and mid-depth in non-aerated compared to aerated treatments (objective 1). This shows the importance of aeration for spat settlement distribution among depths. Oyster growth was significantly less on limestone compared to both whole and crushed shell (objective 2). Spat on limestone were limited in two dimensional growing space. Of the fifty individuals sampled from each cultch type for percent triploidy, 2%, 4% and 8% were triploid for crushed shell, limestone and whole shell, respectively; all cultch types showed at least 92% diploid dilution (objective 3). These results are based on one site and season, therefore cannot be used to make conclusions about overall practicality for oyster production in Louisiana. The cost associated with seed bedding is $6.00 per barrel (objective 4). Whole oyster shell had significantly more initial spat set and growth than limestone. There was no significant difference in oyster abundance among all cultch types.
TLR9 Signaling in B Cells Determines Class Switch Recombination to IgG2a (2007)

Abstract Although IgG2a is the most potent Ab isotype in the host response to viral and bacterial infections, the regulation of class switch recombination to IgG2a in vivo is not yet well understood. Recognition of pathogen-associated molecular patterns by dendritic cells expressing TLRs, like TLR7, recognizing ssRNA, or TLR9, recognizing DNA rich in nonmethylated CG motifs (CpG), favors induction of Th1 responses. It is generally assumed that these Th1 responses are responsible for the TLR-mediated induction of IgG2a. Using virus-like particles loaded with CpGs, we show here that TLR9 ligands can directly stimulate B cells to undergo isotype switching to IgG2a. Unexpectedly, TLR9 expression in non-B cells did not affect isotype switching in the Ab response against virus-like particles. Thus, TLR9 can regulate isotype switching to IgG2a directly by interacting with B cells rather than indirectly by inducing Th1 responses.