gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Connections Between Simply Supported Concrete Beam Made Continuous (2004)

Precast bridge girders can be made continuous for live loads by providing a moment connection over the supports. This is usually done by placing negative moment reinforcement in a cast-in-place deck over the support and by placing a diaphragm between the girder ends. To counteract positive moments caused by creep and shrinkage, positive moment connections are often provided at the ends of the girder. NCHRP Project 12-53 examined methods of making the moment connection in precast/prestressed concrete girders made continuous for live load. An analytical study was conducted to determine effect of various parameters on positive moment development. Next an experimental study of the strength of six different positive moment details, involving either extended strand or extended bar, was conducted. The results showed that all of the details had sufficient strength. Details using additional stirrups in the diaphragm were found to have increased ductility while the use of horizontal web bars increased capacity. Two full-size specimens were tested to determine the level of continuity after cracking occurs at the joints. One of these specimens was also monitored for several months to determine the effects of creep, shrinkage and temperature on the connections. It was found that expansion and contraction of the deck due to heat of hydration and changes in ambient temperature greatly affected the system. However, an anticipated formation of negative moment due to differential shrinkage did not occur. The results showed that the connections maintained continuity even when cracked. Even when the positive moment connection was near failure, the system still maintained 70% continuity. The system was also found to have adequate negative moment capacity.
Statistical approach to study the interactive effects of process parameters for enhanced xylitol production by Candida tropicalis and its potential for the synthesis of xylitol monoesters (2013)

Previous results showed that an indigenously isolated yeast strain of Candida tropicalis was found to produce 12.11 g/L of xylitol under unoptimized conditions in presence of 50 g/L of xylose. In the present study, optimizing the process using one-variable at-a-time resulted in the production of 59.07 g/L of xylitol in 96 h in presence of 100 g/L xylose. Further optimization using response surface methodology led to the production of 65.45 g/L in medium containing 100 g/L xylose, 0.5% yeast extract, 0.03% MgSO(4).7H(2)O and 0.2% KH(2)PO(4), pH-4.5, 30 °C, 200 r/min for 96 h with 4% inoculum level. Addition of 1% methanol in response surface methodology optimized-medium led to the production of 67.12 g/L. Scaling up in 10 L fermentor resulted in productivity of 0.80 g/Lh with yield of 0.68 g/g. Efficient synthesis of xylitol esters was achieved with butyric acid (50.32%) and caproic acid (38.36%) in 4 h using Pseudomonas aeruginosa lipase in t-butanol: tetrahydrofuran (1:1 v/v).
Disguise Adversarial Networks for Click-through Rate Prediction (2017)

We introduced an adversarial learning framework for improving CTR prediction in Ads recommendation. Our approach was motivated by observing the extremely low click-through rate and imbalanced label distribution in the historical Ads impressions. We hence proposed a Disguise-Adversarial-Networks (DAN) to improve the accuracy of supervised learning with limited positive-class information. In the context of CTR prediction, the rationality behind DAN could be intuitively understood as ``non-clicked Ads makeup''. DAN disguises the disliked Ads impressions (non-clicks) to be interesting ones and encourages a discriminator to classify these disguised Ads as positive recommendations. In an adversarial aspect, the discriminator should be sober-minded which is optimized to allocate these disguised Ads to their inherent classes according to an unsupervised information theoretic assignment strategy. We applied DAN to two Ads datasets including both mobile and display Ads for CTR prediction. The results showed that our DAN approach significantly outperformed other supervised learning and generative adversarial networks (GAN) in CTR prediction.
Augmentation of Natural Killer Activity (2019)

Natural killer (NK) cells have cytotoxic activity in vitro against a variety of tumor cells, against some microorganisms, and against cells which are infected with microbial agents. In addition, there are indications that NK cells serve as important effector cells in in vivo host resistance against disease. NK cells have been associated with a morphological cell type, the Large granular lymphocytes (LGLs), isolated from discontinuous Percoll gradients. Although some minor differences in properties exist between species, certain features have indicated that this unique cell type in the human, mouse, and rat is responsible for NK activity. The levels of NK activity in rodents have a characteristic age-related fluctuation. In studying NK cells, one of the more important aspects of the age-related differences is the determination of the mechanisms responsible for basal levels of cytolytic activity.
Experimental study of magneto-acousto-electrical tomography (2011)

Magneto-acoustic-electrical tomography (MAET) is a new Electrical Impedance tomography technology, which combines traditional Electrical impedance tomography and Ultrasound Imaging, can provide high-spatial-resolution information. This paper firstly introduce the fundamental principle and theoretical basis based on Magneto-acoustic-electrical effect, then the simple experiment system is set up and the experimental process of Magneto-acoustic tomography is expounded. The experimental results show that MAET detection technique has the potential to allow the electrical conductivity of imaging volume to be determined using ultrasound.
ChemInform Abstract: A Novel Decomplexation of π‐Allyltricarbonyliron Lactone Complexes Using Borohydride Reagents: A New Route to Stereodefined Acyclic 1,5‐Diols and 1,5,7‐Triols. (1998)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Non-invasive analysis of stored red blood cells using diffuse resonance Raman spectroscopy (2018)

A method to acquire the Raman spectra of sub-surface components using diffusely focused radiation in a microscope sampling configuration is described. This procedure generates Raman scattering at various sample depths by producing a converging beam at the back aperture of the objective lens. This method requires illumination of the sample with a defocused laser, while simultaneously increasing the number of CCD pixels that are binned along the spatial axis of the detector. We applied this diffuse sampling method to the analysis of stored red blood cells (RBCs). During storage, biochemical changes to RBCs occur (the "storage lesion"). However, there are no existing non-invasive methods to assess this. We evaluated the instrumental parameters needed to maximize the diffusely scattered signal, including pixel binning, slit width, and bandwidth. We demonstrated the effectiveness of this diffuse resonance Raman spectroscopy (DRRS) method by detecting RBCs through a blood bag segment (1 mm wall thickness). We directly compared the DRRS method to the more common stand-off Raman spectroscopy (SORS) method using both 633 nm and 785 nm excitation. Time-dependent DRRS spectra were used in a multivariate model for classification of RBCs in polymer segments by storage age. Young (6-8 day) RBCs were differentiated from old (35-40) RBCs with 100% sensitivity and 98.5% selectivity. These data indicated that DRRS is a promising, non-invasive technique for acquiring the spectra of sub-surface components, and is particularly applicable when the underlying sample can be resonantly enhanced.
Dynamics of voltage-driven oscillating insulator-metal transitions (2021)

Recent experiments demonstrated emerging alternating insulator and metal phases in Mott insulators actuated by a direct bias voltage, leading to oscillating voltage outputs with characteristic frequencies. Here, we develop a physics-based nonequilibrium model to describe the dynamics of oscillating insulator-metal phase transitions and experimentally validate it using a ${\text{VO}}_{\text{2}}$ device as a prototype. The oscillation frequency is shown to scale monotonically with the bias voltage and series resistance and terminate abruptly at lower and upper device-dependent limits, which are dictated by the nonequilibrium carrier dynamics. We derive an approximate analytical expression for the dependence of the frequency on the device operating parameters, which yields a fundamental limit to the frequency and may be utilized to provide guidance to potential applications of insulator-metal transition materials as building blocks of brain-inspired non-von Neumann computers.
Visualization and Graphical User Interfaces (2012)

GUI applications revolve around events, and F# provides a natural way to process events with functions. Graphical interfaces are often developed using visual editors, in particular to build GUIs by assembling controls. Applications, however, often need drawing capabilities for displaying and manipulating data, which requires custom programming to augment available controls. This chapter discusses how to develop graphical applications with F# and why the functional traits of the language suit the event-driven programming paradigm typical of GUIs.KeywordsGraphical User InterfaceVisual StudioGraphical ApplicationEvent HandlerEvent LoopThese keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
Recently recognized platelet agonists (2011)

Many newly identified platelet activators are weak agonists. These represent intriguing targets for platelet inhibitor development or shed light on the overlap between inflammation and thrombosis.
Diagnostic DNA markers for cereal cyst nematode resistance in bread wheat (2001)

The development of cultivars resistant to cereal cyst nematode (CCN) is a primary objective in wheat breeding in the southern wheatbelt of Australia. Nine CCN resistance genes have been identified in wheat and its relatives, some of which confer resistance to the Australian pathotype of CCN (Ha13). Cultivars released in Australia with CCN resistance carry either the Cre1 or CreF gene, with the Cre3 gene present in advanced breeding lines. The biological assay for CCN resistance screening in wheat is time-consuming, not reliable on a single-plant basis, and prone to inconsistencies, thus reducing the efficiency of selection amongst breeding lines. Using gene sequences initially isolated from the Cre3 locus, a DNA-based marker selection system was developed and applied to unambiguously identify wheat lines carrying resistance alleles at the Cre1 and/or Cre3 loci in breeding populations derived from diverse genetic backgrounds. Homologues of sequences from the Cre3 locus, located elsewhere in the wheat genome, can also be used to select wheat lines with a newly identified CCN resistance gene ( Cre6 ) introgressed from Aegilops ventricosa . Application of these markers has become an integral part of the southern Australian breeding programs.
Methods for forewarning of critical condition changes in monitoring civil structures (2023)

Sensor modules (12) including accelerometers (20) are placed on a physical structure (10) and tri-axial accelerometer data is converted to mechanical power (P) data (41) which then processed to provide a forewarning (57) of a critical event concerning the physical structure (10). The forewarning is based on a number of occurrences of a composite measure of dissimilarity (C.sub.i) exceeding a forewarning threshold over a defined sampling time; and a forewarning signal (58) is provided to a human observer through a visual, audible or tangible signal. A forewarning of a structural failure can also be provided based on a number of occurrences of (C.sub.i) above a failure value threshold.
Pyrolytic densification of porous carbon-carbon composite materials (2012)

This paper examines the densification of the pore space of a carbon-carbon composite material through methane pyrolysis at a reduced pressure and the dynamics of the pyrolytic saturation process. The morphology and microstructure of the pyrolytic carbon are compared to those of the main components of the parent carbon-carbon composite material. The composite is characterized by hardness tests before and after the pyrolytic densification of the carbon matrix.
High- and low-spin transition ofRu4+in the perovskite-related layered systemSrn+1RunO3n+1(n=1, 2, and ∞) with the change inn (1995)

The electrical resistivity and magnetic susceptibility of the perovskite-related layered system ${\mathrm{Sr}}_{\mathit{n}+1}$${\mathrm{Ru}}_{\mathit{n}}$${\mathrm{O}}_{3\mathit{n}+1}$ (n=1, 2, and \ensuremath{\infty}) were measured. The magnetic-susceptibility measurements revealed that tetravalent ruthenium ions take the low-spin and high-spin states in the compounds with n=2 and \ensuremath{\infty} and n=1, respectively. The elongation of the Ru-O distance along the c axis in ${\mathrm{Sr}}_{2}$${\mathrm{RuO}}_{4}$ is attributed to the cooperative Jahn-Teller effect of high-spin ${\mathrm{Ru}}^{4+}$ ions. Among the 4d and 5d transition-metal oxides with perovskite-related structure, the high-spin state is realized only in ${\mathrm{Sr}}_{2}$${\mathrm{RuO}}_{4}$.
Endoscopically Visualized Lesions, Histologic Findings, and Bacterial Invasion in the Gastrointestinal Mucosa of Dogs with Acute Hemorrhagic Diarrhea Syndrome (2013)

The results of this study demonstrate an apparent association between C. perfringens and the occurrence of acute hemorrhagic diarrhea. The term "HGE," which implies the involvement of the stomach, should be renamed as "acute hemorrhagic diarrhea syndrome."
Poly(vinylpyridine) Core/Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) Shell Microgel Particles:  Their Characterization and the Uptake and Release of an Anionic Surfactant (2008)

The use of microgel particles for controlled uptake and release of active species has great potential. The compatibility of microgel particles with their environment and the functionality of the particles can be achieved by modification of the core microgel through the addition of a shell. In this work, core-shell microgel particles, with a pH-responsive core (polyvinylpyridine) and a temperature-responsive shell (poly-N-isopropylacrylamide), have been prepared and characterized. The uptake and release of an anionic surfactant from the microgels has been investigated as a function of solution pH and temperature. The results indicate that electrostatic attraction between the anionic surfactant and the cationically charged core of the microgel particles is the dominant mechanism for absorption of the surfactant into the core-shell microgel particles.
Rating of CPV modules: Results of module round robins (2016)

The results of three CPV module round robins are presented. Ten test labs around the world participated to the round robins in total. Each round robin used a different CPV module technology (Daido Steel, Soitec, Suncore). The data gathered at the test labs was used to test CSOC power rating procedures as basis for the IEC draft standard 62670-3. The deviation between the minimum and the maximum power output rated at the test labs was in average 4.4 % with a standard deviation of 1.8 %abs. This underlines that power ratings or CPV modules are reliable and reproducible.
Silicon nanowire interface circuit for biosensing applications (2015)

Detection and quantification of biological and chemical species are critical to many areas of the life sciences and health care, from disease diagnosis to drug screening. Central to detection is the transduction of the signal associated with the sensing event. Advances in nanotechnology have led to the development of the silicon nanowire which is faster, smaller, greener and cheaper. These nanowires have a very narrow diameter similar to that of the chemical and biological species to be sensed making them perfectly suited for biosensing. The top-down fabricated silicon nanowires is used in this work due to its oxide-coated surface and ease of integration with other microelectronic components. Due to the ultra-small output signal of the nanowire, bulky equipments which are often time consuming and expensive are used for reading the signal. This work attempts to build a circuit that can be interfaced with the nanowire to make the signal readable hence the sensor will become portable thereby increasing its utility to being a point-of-care and field-testing device.
Evaluation of bioavailability of nitric oxide in coronary circulation by direct measurement of plasma nitric oxide concentration (2005)

Although bioavailability of NO in the coronary circulation is commonly evaluated by acetylcholine (ACh)-induced vasodilation, a change in plasma NO concentration and its relation to the flow response after injection of ACh are still unknown. Thus, we directly measured the concentration of NO in the coronary sinus by using a catheter-type NO sensor for coronary sinus. An NO-sensitive sensor was located and fixed in a 4-Fr catheter with a soft tip for protection of vascular wall. After calibration with an NO-saturated pure water, the catheter-type NO sensor was located in the coronary sinus in anesthetized dogs. The coronary flow velocity (CFV) was measured with a Doppler guide wire. Intracoronary injection of ACh (0.4 and 1.0 microg/kg) increased plasma NO concentration in a dose-dependent manner (3-10 nM). Although ACh increased CFV by 95%, there was no significant difference between the two ACh doses. After ACh, the peak value of plasma NO concentration was observed significantly later than CFV. N(G)-methyl-L-arginine (NO synthase inhibitor) decreased basal NO concentration by 3 nM and suppressed the ACh-induced NO synthesis with no significant change in average peak velocity. We conclude that production of NO in the coronary circulation can be evaluated in the coronary sinus. Although ACh increases both CFV and NO concentration, CFV dose not reflect NO concentration in terms of magnitude and time course. Direct measurement of plasma NO concentration by the catheter-type NO sensor is useful to evaluate bioavailability of NO in the coronary circulation.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF MACROLIDE ANTIBIOTICS PART 1, STEREOSPECIFIC ADDITION OF METHYLLITHIUM AND METHYLMAGNESIUM IODIDE TO METHYL ALPHA‐D‐XYLO‐HEXOPYRANOSID‐4‐ULOSE DERIVATIVES, DETERMINATION OF THE CONFIGURATION AT THE BRANCHING CARBON ATOM BY CARBON‐13 NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY (1974)

Abstract Die Oxidation des Glucopyranosids (I) mit Dimethylsulfoxid/Acetanhydrid gibt den Oxo‐zucker (II), der Methyllithium in Äther bei niederer Temperatur selektiv zu (III) addiert, während Methylmagnesiumjodid spezifisch zu (IV) addiert wird.
Appendix: Some useful facts (2005)

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Targeting the hepatocyte growth factor/Met pathway in cancer (2017)

Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF)-induced activation of its cell surface receptor, the Met tyrosine kinase, drives mitogenesis, motogenesis and morphogenesis in a wide spectrum of target cell types and embryologic, developmental and homeostatic contexts. Typical paracrine HGF/Met signaling is regulated by HGF activation at target cell surfaces, HGF binding-induced receptor activation, internalization and degradation. Despite these controls, HGF/Met signaling contributes to oncogenesis, tumor angiogenesis and invasiveness, and tumor metastasis in many types of cancer, leading to the rapid growth of pathway-targeted anticancer drug development programs. We review here HGF and Met structure and function, basic properties of HGF/Met pathway antagonists now in clinical development, and recent clinical trial results. Presently, the main challenges facing the effective use of HGF/Met-targeted antagonists for cancer treatment include optimal patient selection, diagnostic and pharmacodynamic biomarker development, and the identification and testing of effective therapy combinations. The wealth of basic information, analytical reagents and model systems available regarding normal and oncogenic HGF/Met signaling will continue to be invaluable in meeting these challenges and moving expeditiously toward more effective cancer treatment.
Intraoperative external pneumatic calf compression to afford long-term prophylaxis against deep vein thrombosis in urological patients. (1980)

In a prospective randomized study of patients undergoing open urological operations, we found external pneumatic compression (EPC) of the calves applied in the operating room and recovery room as effective in reducing deep vein thrombosis as EPC continued during convalescence until resumption of ambulation. Provided early postoperative ambulation is practiced, intraoperative EPC appears to be adequate prophylaxis and equivalent to long-term EPC for prevention of deep venous thrombosis in urological patients.
Supplementary Data from Advanced Age Increases Immunosuppression in the Brain and Decreases Immunotherapeutic Efficacy in Subjects with Glioblastoma (2023)

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Synthesis of Organic−Inorganic Hybrid Gels from Siloxane or Silsesquioxane and α,ω-Nonconjugated Dienes by Means of a Photo Hydrosilylation Reaction (2009)

Organic−inorganic hybrid gels have been synthesized from the multifunctional cyclic siloxane, 1,3,5,7-tetramethylcyclotetrasiloxane (TMCTS), or the cubic silsesquioxane, 1,3,5,7,9,11,13,15-octakis(dimethylsilyloxy)pentacyclo-[9,5,1,1,1,1]octasilsesquioxane (POSS), as cross-linking reagents with α,ω-nonconjugated dienes, 1,5-hexadiene (HD) or 1,9-decadiene (DD), using a photo hydrosilylation reaction with a bis(acetylacetonato)platinum catalyst in toluene. Network structures of the resulting gels, mesh size, and mesh size distribution were quantitatively characterized by means of a novel scanning microscopic light scattering (SMILS). The effects of the monomer concentration in the resulting gels were investigated, and gels with homogeneous network structure formed by 1.4 to 1.6 nm size of mesh were obtained under the monomer concentrations that are relatively higher than the critical gelation concentration. The mesh sizes of gels, that were determined with SMILS, with DD were larger than those with HD and were independent of the nature of the cross-linking reagents. The TMCTS-HD gel formation process was successfully traced with SMILS. The result indicates the formation of microgels in the early stages of the reaction following aggregation of the microgels, extension of the microgels, or both to form the infinite network that occupies the space of the reaction system around the gelation point. Photo-pattern coating of a glass plate with the POSS-DD gel was achieved by means of the photo hydrosilylation reaction of the cast reaction medium.
ChemInform Abstract: Dehydroaromatization with V2O5. (2013)

Abstract Various N‐heterocyclic compounds are readily aromatized using V 2 O 5 as dehydroaromatization reagent.