gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Age-Related Cognitive and Motor Decline in a Mouse Model of CDKL5 Deficiency Disorder is Associated with Increased Neuronal Senescence and Death (2021)

CDKL5 deficiency disorder (CDD) is a severe neurodevelopmental disease caused by mutations in the X-linked <i>CDKL5</i> gene. Children affected by CDD display a clinical phenotype characterized by early-onset epilepsy, intellectual disability, motor impairment, and autistic-like features. Although the clinical aspects associated with <i>CDKL5</i> mutations are well described in children, adults with CDD are still under-characterized. Similarly, most animal research has been carried out on young adult <i>Cdkl5</i> knockout (KO) mice only. Since age represents a risk factor for the worsening of symptoms in many neurodevelopmental disorders, understanding age differences in the development of behavioral deficits is crucial in order to optimize the impact of therapeutic interventions. Here, we compared young adult <i>Cdkl5</i> KO mice with middle-aged <i>Cdkl5</i> KO mice, at a behavioral, neuroanatomical, and molecular level. We found an age-dependent decline in motor, cognitive, and social behaviors in <i>Cdkl5</i> KO mice, as well as in breathing and sleep patterns. The behavioral decline in older <i>Cdkl5</i> KO mice was not associated with a worsening of neuroanatomical alterations, such as decreased dendritic arborization or spine density, but was paralleled by decreased neuronal survival in different brain regions such as the hippocampus, cortex, and basal ganglia. Interestingly, we found increased β-galactosidase activity and DNA repair protein levels, γH2AX and XRCC5, in the brains of older <i>Cdkl5</i> KO mice, which suggests that an absence of Cdkl5 accelerates neuronal senescence/death by triggering irreparable DNA damage. In summary, this work provides evidence that CDKL5 may play a fundamental role in neuronal survival during brain aging and suggests a possible worsening with age of the clinical picture in CDD patients.
Semi-Supervised and Active Few-Shot Learning with Prototypical Networks (2017)

We consider the problem of semi-supervised few-shot classification where a classifier needs to adapt to new tasks using a few labeled examples and (potentially many) unlabeled examples. We propose a clustering approach to the problem. The features extracted with Prototypical Networks are clustered using $K$-means with the few labeled examples guiding the clustering process. We note that in many real-world applications the adaptation performance can be significantly improved by requesting the few labels through user feedback. We demonstrate good performance of the active adaptation strategy using image data.
Human Experience Modeler: Context-Driven Cognitive Retraining to Facilitate Transfer of Learning (2006)

We describe a cognitive rehabilitation mixed-reality system that allows therapists to explore natural cuing, contextualization, and theoretical aspects of cognitive retraining, including transfer of training. The Human Experience Modeler (HEM) mixed-reality environment allows for a contextualized learning experience with the advantages of controlled stimuli, experience capture and feedback that would not be feasible in a traditional rehabilitation setting. A pilot study for testing the integrated components of the HEM is discussed where the participant presents with working memory impairments due to an aneurysm.
<title>Optical materials for use with excimer lasers</title> (1993)

Synthetic UV-grade fused silica, crystalline fluorides, and dielectric coatings have been evaluated for transparency and durability at 193 nm. Most bulk materials eventually develop color centers, and fused silica also changes its density and index of refraction. However, the rate at which these changes occur and their magnitude vary strongly with material, grade, and other more subtle details. Careful selection and possibly pretesting are recommended, in order to ensure optimal matching between the intended application and the material properties.
Effects of BNN27, a novel C17-spiroepoxy steroid derivative, on experimental retinal detachment-induced photoreceptor cell death (2018)

Retinal detachment (RD) leads to photoreceptor cell death secondary to the physical separation of the retina from the underlying retinal pigment epithelium. Intensifying photoreceptor survival in the detached retina could be remarkably favorable for many retinopathies in which RD can be seen. BNN27, a blood-brain barrier (BBB)-permeable, C17-spiroepoxy derivative of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) has shown promising neuroprotective activity through interaction with nerve growth factor receptors, TrkA and p75<sup>NTR</sup>. Here, we administered BNN27 systemically in a murine model of RD. TUNEL<sup>+</sup> photoreceptors were significantly decreased 24 hours post injury after a single administration of 200 mg/kg BNN27. Furthermore, BNN27 increased inflammatory cell infiltration, as well as, two markers of gliosis 24 hours post RD. However, single or multiple doses of BNN27 were not able to protect the overall survival of photoreceptors 7 days post injury. Additionally, BNN27 did not induce the activation/phosphorylation of TrkA<sup>Y490</sup> in the detached retina although the mRNA levels of the receptor were increased in the photoreceptors post injury. Together, these findings, do not demonstrate neuroprotective activity of BNN27 in experimentally-induced RD. Further studies are needed in order to elucidate the paradox/contradiction of these results and the mechanism of action of BNN27 in this model of photoreceptor cell damage.
Spreading of Streptomycin Antibiotic Resistance Gene in Escherichia coli Plasmids Demonstrated by Southern Blot Analysis (1989)

Plasmids from E. coli strains of 38 donors were transconjugated to common recipient SY663 Escherichia coli K12. The restriction patterns of the isolated plasmids were highly heterogenous. However, the streptomycin (Sm) resistance genes of the plasmids were identical or closely homologous in 29 of the 33 plasmids conferring Sm resistance. These data were based on Southern blot analysis, using the Sm resistance gene (encoding aminoglycoside phosphoryl transferase) as probe cut out from pBP1 plasmid. Our data suggest an extensive spreading of streptomycin resistance gene of this type.
Fluorinated Sulfilimino Iminiums: Efficient and Versatile Sources of Perfluoroalkyl Radicals under Photoredox Catalysis (2017)

Reported herein is the use of S-perfluoroalkyl sulfilimino iminiums as a new source of R<sub>F</sub> radicals under visible-light photoredox catalysis (R<sub>F</sub> =CF<sub>3</sub> , C<sub>4</sub> F<sub>9</sub> , CF<sub>2</sub> Br, CFCl<sub>2</sub> ). These shelf-stable perfluoroalkyl reagents, readily prepared on gram scale from the corresponding sulfoxide using a one-pot procedure, allow the efficient photoredox-induced oxyperfluoroalkylation of various alkenes using fac-Ir(ppy)<sub>3</sub> as the photocatalyst. Importantly, spin-trapping/electron paramagnetic resonance experiments were carried out to characterize all the radical intermediates involved in this radical/cationic process.
Community Structure aware Embedding of Nodes in a Network (2020)

Detecting communities or the modular structure of real-life networks (e.g. a social network or a product purchase network) is an important task because the way a network functions is often determined by its communities. Traditional approaches to community detection involve modularity-based algorithms, which generally speaking, construct partitions based on heuristics that seek to maximize the ratio of the edges within the partitions to those between them. On the other hand, node embedding approaches represent each node in a graph as a real-valued vector and is thereby able to transform the problem of community detection in a graph to that of clustering a set of vectors. Existing node embedding approaches are primarily based on, first, initiating random walks from each node to construct a context of a node, and then make the vector representation of a node close to its context. However, standard node embedding approaches do not directly take into account the community structure of a network while constructing the context around each node. To alleviate this, we explore two different threads of work. First, we investigate the use of maximum entropy-based random walks to obtain more centrality preserving embedding of nodes, which may lead to more effective clusters in the embedded space. Second, we propose a community structure-aware node embedding approach, where we incorporate modularity-based partitioning heuristics into the objective function of node embedding. We demonstrate that our proposed combination of the combinatorial and the embedding approaches for community detection outperforms a number of modularity-based baselines and K-means clustering on a standard node-embedded (node2vec) vector space on a wide range of real-life and synthetic networks of different sizes and densities.
Field enhancement and resonance in optical antennas (2003)

Optical antennas are studied as probes for near-field optical microscopy. Finite difference time domain calculations indicate an intensity enhancement of more than 3 orders of magnitude. Optical antennas are fabricated and tested with good agreement between experiment and theory.
Micro-Pump–Probe Spectroscopy of an Exciton in a Single Semiconductor Quantum Dot Using a Heterodyne Technique (2011)

A heterodyne detection scheme was applied to micro-pump–probe spectroscopy to study the transient response of an exciton in a single semiconductor quantum dot. The elimination of the pump pulse in the frequency domain provided us a direct probing of the energy relaxation process of the quantum state excited by the pump pulse. The excitonic Rabi oscillations were also monitored by this technique, even in the presence of a strong pump pulse. This spectroscopic technique is suitable for the observation of the optical response and coherent manipulation of a semiconductor quantum dot.
Synthesis and Modification of Silicon Nanosheets and Other Silicon Nanomaterials (2011)

Silicon nanomaterials and nanostructures exhibit different properties from those of bulk silicon materials based on quantum confinement effects. They are expected to lead to the development of new applications of silicon, in addition to wide use in semiconductor devices. Aside from industrial interest, intriguing issues of academic interest still remain with respect to the origins of their characteristic properties. Zero- and one-dimensional crystalline silicon nanomaterials have been synthesized, to date, by using many methods and there has been rapid progress in size control and modification procedures. However, there have been only a few examples of silicon nanomaterials with atomic-order thickness akin to carbon nanomaterials, such as two-dimensional silicon nanosheets. Moreover, mass production of silicon nanomaterials with relatively low cost is not easily achievable, due to the typically severe conditions required for fabrication, such as high temperature and ultralow pressure. Recently, we have developed a soft synthetic method for silicon nanosheets with chemical surface modification in a solution process. This review provides methods for the synthesis and modification of silicon nanosheets and other silicon nanomaterials with examples of their potential applications.
Seismic interaction of flexural ductility and shear capacity in reinforced concrete columns (2010)

The seismic performance of reinforced concrete (RC) bridge columns is a significant issue because the interaction of flexural ductility and shear capacity of such columns with varied amounts of lateral reinforcement is not well established. Several relationships between flexural ductility and shear capacity have been proposed by various researchers in the past. In this paper, a parametric study on RC bridge columns is conducted using a nonlinear finite element program, "Simulation of Concrete Structures (SCS)", developed at the University of Houston. SCS has been previously used to predict the seismic behavior of such columns. The predicted results were compared with the test results obtained from experiments available in literature. Based on the results of the parametric study performed in this paper, a set of new relationships between flexural ductility and shear capacity of RC columns is proposed for seismic design.
A Novel Method for the Approximation of Humeral Head Retrotorsion Based on Three-Dimensional Registration of the Bicipital Groove (2018)

The accurate approximation of the premorbid anatomy is a key for the successful restoration of the premorbid anatomy of the proximal part of the humerus.
Quantum algorithm for ESOP minimization (2023)

The Exclusive-OR Sum-of-Product (ESOP) minimization problem has long been of interest to the research community because of its importance in classical logic design (including low-power design and design for test), reversible logic synthesis, and knowledge discovery, among other applications. However, no exact minimal minimization method has been presented for more than seven variables on arbitrary functions. This paper presents a novel quantum-classical hybrid algorithm for the exact minimal ESOP minimization of incompletely specified Boolean functions. This algorithm constructs oracles from sets of constraints and leverages the quantum speedup offered by Grover's algorithm to find solutions to these oracles, thereby improving over classical algorithms. Improved encoding of ESOP expressions results in substantially fewer decision variables compared to many existing algorithms for many classes of Boolean functions. This paper also extends the idea of exact minimal ESOP minimization to additionally minimize the cost of realizing an ESOP expression as a quantum circuit. To the extent of the authors' knowledge, such a method has never been published. This algorithm was tested on completely and incompletely specified Boolean functions via quantum simulation.
Reactive Vapor Deposition of Conjugated Polymer Films on Arbitrary Substrates (2018)

We demonstrate a method of conformally coating conjugated polymers on arbitrary substrates using a custom-designed, low-pressure reaction chamber. Conductive polymers, poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) and poly(3,4-propylenedioxythiophene) (PProDOT), and a semiconducting polymer, poly(thieno[3,2-b]thiophene) (PTT), were deposited on unconventional highly-disordered and textured substrates with high surface areas, such as paper, towels and fabrics. This reported deposition chamber is an improvement of previous vapor reactors because our system can accommodate both volatile and nonvolatile monomers, such as 3,4-propylenedioxythiophene and thieno[3,2-b]thiophene. Utilization of both solid and liquid oxidants are also demonstrated. One limitation of this method is that it lacks sophisticated in situ thickness monitors. Polymer coatings made by the commonly used solution-based coating methods, such as spin-coating and surface grafting, are often not uniform or susceptible to mechanical degradation. This reported vapor phase deposition method overcomes those drawbacks and is a strong alternative to common solution-based coating methods. Notably, polymer films coated by the reported method are uniform and conformal on rough surfaces, even at a micrometer scale. This feature allows for future application of vapor deposited polymers in electronics devices on flexible and highly textured substrates.
Tissue structure and physiology of the vulva* (2017)

This chapter describes variations in epithelial structure, blood flow, hormonal and immune responsiveness, barrier function, permeability, irritant susceptibility, and microbial colonization of the vulva in women of reproductive age. In the vulva, cutaneous epithelium derived from the embryonic ectoderm is juxtaposed closely with nonkeratinized epithelium derived from the embryonic endoderm. The embryonic ectoderm gives rise to the keratinized cutaneous epithelium of the mons pubis, labia majora, clitoris, labia minora, and perineum. Like skin at other anatomical sites, the epidermis of the mons pubis, labia majora, and perineum has a keratinized, stratified squamous structure with sweat glands, sebaceous glands, and hair follicles. Langerhans cells are dendritic cells found in the epidermis, in thymic and mucosal tissues, and in lymph nodes. The sex steroid hormones not only maintain epithelial tissue structure and function, but also sustain genital blood flow and vaginal lubrication in response to pelvic nerve stimulation.
Antibodies against Spike protein correlate with broad autoantigen recognition 8 months post SARS-CoV-2 exposure, and anti-calprotectin autoantibodies associated with better clinical outcomes (2022)

Autoantibodies to multiple targets are found during acute COVID-19. Whether all, or some, persist after 6 months, and their correlation with sustained anti-SARS-CoV-2 immunity, is still controversial. Herein, we measured antibodies to multiple SARS-CoV-2 antigens (Wuhan-Hu-1 nucleoprotein (NP), whole spike (S), spike subunits (S1, S2 and receptor binding domain (RBD)) and Omicron spike) and 102 human proteins with known autoimmune associations, in plasma from healthcare workers 8 months post-exposure to SARS-CoV-2 (n=31 with confirmed COVID-19 disease and n=21 uninfected controls (PCR and anti-SARS-CoV-2 negative) at baseline). IgG antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 antigens were significantly higher in the convalescent cohort than the healthy cohort, highlighting lasting antibody responses up to 8 months post-infection. These were also shown to be cross-reactive to the Omicron variant spike protein at a similar level to lasting anti-RBD antibodies (correlation r=0.89). Individuals post COVID-19 infection recognised a common set of autoantigens, specific to this group in comparison to the healthy controls. Moreover, the long-term level of anti-Spike IgG was associated with the breadth of autoreactivity post-COVID-19. There were further moderate positive correlations between anti-SARS-CoV-2 responses and 11 specific autoantigens. The most commonly recognised autoantigens were found in the COVID-19 convalescent cohort. Although there was no overall correlation in self-reported symptom severity and anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody levels, anti-calprotectin antibodies were associated with return to healthy normal life 8 months post infection. Calprotectin was also the most common target for autoantibodies, recognized by 22.6% of the overall convalescent cohort. Future studies may address whether, counter-intuitively, such autoantibodies may play a protective role in the pathology of long-COVID-19.
BNL neutral-beam development group. Progress report FY 1982 (1983)

Efforts were concentrated on the development of H/sup -//D/sup -/ sources capable of delivering about 1A of beam current, operating steady state at an energy of several tens of keV and having properties that would allow a scaling up to 10A and their use in a high energy neutral beam line. In the seventies we have developed negative ion sources of the plasms surface type with extracted current densities of several hundred mA/cm/sup 2/. Particularly successful was the development of the magnetron source, from which pulsed beam currents in excess of one ampere have been obtained and accelerated up to 120 kV. These magnetrons have become standard sources in high energy accelerator laboratories around the world and they are candidates for application in polarized H/sup -/ ion sources as well. Work on hollow cathode deuterium sources and neutraizers is reported.
The any-media call centre (1998)

Call centres have traditionally handled voice calls via the public switched telephony network. With the advent of modern technologies such as the Internet and multimedia, call centres have the opportunity to move into these areas. This paper looks at how call centres can handle the modern communications media.
High-resolution spectral and displacement sensing using nano-opto-electro-mechanical systems(Conference Presentation) (2016)

Nanophotonic structures with narrow optical resonances, such as high-quality factor photonic crystal cavities, in principle enable spectral sensing with high resolution. This can also result in high-sensitivity displacement and/or acceleration sensing if a part of the cavity is compliant. However, the control of the resonance and its optical read-out are complex and usually not integrated with the sensing part. In this talk we will introduce a novel nano-opto-electromechanical system (NOEMS), where actuation, sensing and read-out are integrated in the same device. It consists of a double-membrane photonic crystal cavity, where the resonant wavelength is tuned by electrostatically controlling the separation between the membranes. The output current signal provides direct information about either the wavelength of the incident light or the cavity resonance. This nanophotonic sensing system can be employed to measure the spectrum of incident light, to determine the wavelength of a laser line with pm-range resolution, or equivalently to measure tiny displacements.
Advances in using PARP inhibitors to treat cancer (2012)

The poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) family of enzymes plays a critical role in the maintenance of DNA integrity as part of the base excision pathway of DNA repair. PARP1 is overexpressed in a variety of cancers, and its expression has been associated with overall prognosis in cancer, especially breast cancer. A series of new therapeutic agents that are potent inhibitors of the PARP1 and PARP2 isoforms have demonstrated important clinical activity in patients with breast or ovarian cancers that are caused by mutations in either the BRCA1 or 2 genes. Results from such studies may define a new therapeutic paradigm, wherein simultaneous loss of the capacity to repair DNA damage may have antitumor activity in itself, as well as enhance the antineoplastic potential of cytotoxic chemotherapeutic agents.
Is a cystogram necessary after radical prostatectomy? (2005)

Achieving an intraoperative watertight anastomosis is a very good predictor of a watertight cystogram on day 7. It seems feasible to avoid routine cystograms prior to TOV in the absence of other postoperative complications.
Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase SHP-2 Is Positively Involved in Platelet-Derived Growth Factor–Signaling in Vascular Neointima Formation via the Reactive Oxygen Species–Related Pathway (2011)

The roles of Src homology domain 2-containing protein tyrosine phosphatase 2 (SHP-2) and its signaling in atherosclerosis have not been explored. Therefore, we investigated the roles of SHP-2 in the movement of rat aortic smooth muscle cells (RASMCs) and in the neointima formation of the carotid artery. Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-BB (1 - 20 ng/ml) increased the activity and phosphorylation of SHP-2 and migration in RASMCs and these were suppressed by SHP-2 inhibitor NSC-87877 (30 µM) and small interfering RNA of SHP-2. PDGF-BB increased the phosphorylations of spleen tyrosine kinase (Syk) and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), which were recovered by inhibition of SHP-2. Moreover, PDGF-BB increased the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and ROS inhibitors decreased PDGF-BB-increased migration. Treatment of RASMCs with H(2)O(2) (100 µM) increased cell migration and SHP-2 phosphorylation and also enhanced the phosphorylation levels of Syk and p38 MAPK. Oral administration of NSC-87877 (10 mg/kg) significantly suppressed neointima formation in a rat model of carotid artery injury. These results suggest that the activity of SHP-2 is controlled by ROS and is positively involved in the regulation of PDGF-BB-induced RASMC migration and neointima formation.