gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Integrated power clock generators for low energy logic (2002)

Low-energy (adiabatic) logic families have been proposed to reduce energy consumption of VLSI logic devices. Instead of the conventional DC power supply, these logic families require AC power supplies (power clocks) that allow energy recovery and also serve as timing clocks for the logic. In this paper, high-frequency resonant DC/AC inverters are proposed as power clock generators where all power switches and control circuitry are integrated on the same chip with low-energy logic. This results in better system efficiency and simpler power distribution. Closed-form results are derived to facilitate efficiency-optimized design of the proposed power clock generators. To illustrate system integration and energy savings, the optimized power clock is used to supply a novel clocked CMOS adiabatic logic (CAL).< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
TOPICAL THERAPY OF ACNE (1986)

S ummary This article reviews current literature on the external agents used to treat acne including the theoretical and practical aspects of the subject.
Secret key rates for intensity-modulated dual-threshold detection key distribution under individual beam splitting attacks (2018)

We investigate the secret key rates for the recently proposed intensity-modulated dual-threshold key distribution [T. Ikuta and K. Inoue, New J. Phys. 18 (2016)] under beam splitting attacks. We show that previous assumptions on an eavesdropper that performs hard decision measurements on the channel, overestimates the secret key rate. We discuss the impact of an eavesdropper that can measure full soft information and give the secret key rates under forward and reverse reconciliation. Further, we perform simulations for different system assumptions and show the optimal modulation depths for these systems. We also outline an attack on this protocol based on photon counting that prohibits secret key generation.
Updated report of a phase III study of induction therapy with gemcitabine + carboplatin (GC) followed by either delayed vs. immediate second-line therapy with docetaxel (D) in advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) (2006)

7032 Background: GC is an active regimen in patients with advanced NSCLC. For non-progressors after induction treatment, optimal timing of sequential therapy is unclear. Is it best to sequence immediately to an active non-cross resistant agent or delay the introduction of this agent until time of disease progression (PD)? This trial was designed to answer this question. Methods: Pts with Stage IIIB or IV NSCLC were enrolled. G 1000mg/m 2 was administered on day 1,8 followed by C at AUC 5.0 on day 1. After 4 cycles, non-progressers were then randomized to immediate D (75mg/m 2 administered on day 1 every 3 wks) or delayed D (pts were observed until first evidence of PD). Conclusions: This study confirms that it is possible to deliver docetaxel immediately following four cycles of GC without significantly increasing toxicity. The response rate of 42.1% and clinical benefit rate (CR+PR+SD) of 88.2% observed in the immediate D arm compares favorably with the rates of 6.1% and 60.6% of the delayed D arm. Additional toxicity and response information will be available at the time of the meeting. [Table: see text] [Table: see text]
Programming the OS/2 presentation manager (1989)

Details the first full discussion of the features and operation of the OS/2 1.1 Presentation Manager--the primary application environment under OS/2. This comprehensive work assumes a background in Windows or strong C experience.
The 3-5 semiconductor solid solution single crystal growth (1980)

Techniques used for liquid and vapor phase epitaxy of gallium indium arsenide are described and the difficulties encountered are examined. Results show that the growth of bulk III-V solid solution single crystals in a low gravity environment will not have a major technological impact. The float zone technique in a low gravity environment is demonstrated using cadmium telluride. It is shown that this approach can result in the synthesis of a class of semiconductors that can not be grown in normal gravity because of growth problems rooted in the nature of their phase diagrams.
On transmit diversity and scheduling in wireless packet data (2002)

Downlink time division multiplexing is considered for cellular packet-switched systems, in conjunction with scheduling algorithms for fast packet switching across the served users. Additionally, open and closed loop transmit diversity techniques at the base station are considered to improve the spectral efficiency of the resulting system. A study is conducted on the effect of candidate transmit diversity techniques for packet data systems on the overall network data throughput in the presence of scheduling. Contrary to the circuit-switching paradigm, the presented results highlight the conflicting objectives of specific transmit diversity schemes and efficient scheduling and illustrate the impact of the medium access control layer functions on the physical layer performance. The open loop space time spreading technique is shown to offer inferior performance to no transmit diversity under greedy packet scheduling. An appropriate transmit diversity scheme is proposed for the downlink packet-data multiple access.
Oxygen detection using nanoporous anodized aluminum oxide sensors (2011)

The objective of this work has been the analysis of the impedance variation of nanostructured sensors in the presence of several gases at different temperatures. This sensor employs platinum nanowires grown in anodic aluminum oxide to detect the gases. Silicon wafers were oxidized to form silicon dioxide and were sputter deposited with titanium tungstide and aluminum metal. The aluminum film was subsequently anodized to form nonporous anodic aluminum oxide. Platinum metal was filled in these pores by the process of electropolymerization to form encapsulated nanowires. Surface morphology characteristics were determined using atomic force microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. A subsequent metallization process using evaporation deposited gold metal to form electrical contacts. Variations in the electrical response of the sensor in the presence of hydrogen, nitrogen and oxygen at 5°C, 25°C and 40°C are presented in this work.
Zielpräparation von TEM-Proben mit dem fokussierten lonenstrahl (FIB) / Zielpräparation von TEM-Proben mit dem fokussierten lonenstrahl (FIB) (2000)

Article Zielpräparation von TEM-Proben mit dem fokussierten lonenstrahl (FIB) / Zielpräparation von TEM-Proben mit dem fokussierten lonenstrahl (FIB) was published on February 1, 2000 in the journal Practical Metallography (volume 37, issue 2).
A Comment on Qi et al. An Estimation of Radiobiological Parameters for Head-and-Neck Cancer Cells and the Clinical Implications—Authors' Reply (2012)

We appreciate the thoughtful comments from Dr. Jack Fowler on our recent manuscript of an estimation of radiobiological parameters for head and neck cancer (HNC) and the clinical implications [1]. [...].
Proceedings of the 2015 ASPEN Research Workshop—Taste Signaling (2015)

This article summarizes research findings from 6 experts in the field of taste and feeding that were presented at the 2015 American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition Research Workshop. The theme was focused on the interaction of taste signals with those of a postingestive origin and how this contributes to regulation of food intake through both physiological and learning processes. Gastric bypass results in exceptional loss of fat mass and increases in circulating levels of key gut peptides, some of which are also expressed along with their cognate receptors in taste buds. Changes in taste preference and food selection in both bariatric surgery patients and rodent models have been reported. Accordingly, the effects of this surgery on taste-related behavior were examined. The conservation of receptor and peptide signaling mechanisms in gustatory and extraoral tissues was discussed in the context of taste responsiveness and the regulation of metabolism. New findings detailing the features of neural circuits between the caudal nucleus of the solitary tract (NST), receiving visceral input from the vagus nerve, and the rostral NST, receiving taste input, were discussed, as was how early life experience with taste stimuli and learned associations between flavor and postoral consequences of nutrients can exert potent and long-lasting effects on feeding.
Frequency of Gingivitis and its Associated Factors in 16–60-Year-Old Patients Reporting at the Dental Hospital: A Cross-Sectional Study (2022)

Background: Gingivitis is one of the most prevalent noncommunicable diseases which affecting people in Pakistan. For the preservation of great overall health, dental health must be maintained. So, there is need to determine the prevalence, socioeconomic impact, and educational status of gingivitis with the associated factors amongst widespread age group. Objective: This research focused on the frequency of gingivitis and its associated factors between the age group of 16–60-year-old patients. Study Design: Cross sectional study Study Setting: This study was conducted at department of Dentistry Avicenna Medical &amp; Dental College Hospital Lahore from April 2022 to September 2022. Methodology: In the present study, a non-probability/convenient sampling technique was used. The 115 patients who had a gingival index scoring from 1-3 were included in the study. Patients with no plaques were excluded from the study. The WHO oral health assessment with some modifications was included as a part of the questionnaire. During the preliminary screening of the subjects, the demographic characteristics including age, gender, BMI, marital, socio-economic, and educational status were noted. A mouth mirror and a pointed explorer technique were used to diagnose caries which helps to fulfil the data of gingival index, plaque index, decayed missing filled teeth index, oral hygiene index simplified. Continuous and categorical data were analyzed by using SPSS version 20. Results: Out of 115 participants, there were 55 (47.8%) males and 60 (52.17%) females enrolled in the study with an average age of 39.51 ± 9.72 years. In this study, the overall BMI of the participants was 39.0 ± 22.3 kg/m2. Study results showed that the DMFT and OHI-S were significantly different (p&lt;0.05). The DMFT and OHI-S showed the highest value amongst the patients suffering from moderate gingivitis. Conclusion: This study concluded that gingivitis and its associated factors played a major role in poor oral health. Amongst the age group between 16 to 60 years old, the 30-40 years were more prevalent to gingivitis. The DMFT and OHI-S were significantly different in mild moderate, and severe gingivitis. This study also indicated that the married, low-income status and the graduated patient had achieved bad oral hygiene. The study revealed that the ages between 30 to 40 years were their prime time for social and economic burden on males and also this is the post menstrual age in female, and by this time their health was already severely impaired. This may be a contributing factor to the increased incidence of gingivitis. However, the GI, DMFT, and OHI-S must have an access to fluoride and sealant programs as soon as possible to reduce the prevalence of tooth decay. Keywords: Gingivitis, DMFT, OHI-S, Factors, Dental Hospital, periodontal disease, risk factors/indicators
Chemical mimicry of viral capsid self-assembly (2007)

Stable structures of icosahedral symmetry can serve numerous functional roles, including chemical microencapsulation and delivery of drugs and biomolecules, epitope presentation to allow for an efficient immunization process, synthesis of nanoparticles of uniform size, observation of encapsulated reactive intermediates, formation of structural elements for supramolecular constructs, and molecular computing. By examining physical models of spherical virus assembly we have arrived at a general synthetic strategy for producing chemical capsids at size scales between fullerenes and spherical viruses. Such capsids can be formed by self-assembly from a class of molecules developed from a symmetric pentagonal core. By designing chemical complementarity into the five interface edges of the molecule, we can produce self-assembling stable structures of icosahedral symmetry. We considered three different binding mechanisms: hydrogen bonding, metal binding, and formation of disulfide bonds. These structures can be designed to assemble and disassemble under controlled environmental conditions. We have conducted molecular dynamics simulation on a class of corannulene-based molecules to demonstrate the characteristics of self-assembly and to aid in the design of the molecular subunits. The edge complementarities can be of diverse structure, and they need not reflect the fivefold symmetry of the molecular core. Thus, self-assembling capsids formed from coded subunits can serve as addressable nanocontainers or custom-made structural elements.
EBROG and EBRIG methods for strengthening of RC beams by FRP sheets (2014)

This paper presents an experimental study on reinforced concrete (RC) beam specimens flexurally strengthened by fibre-reinforced polymer (FRP) sheets using conventional externally bonded reinforcement (EBR) method and recently introduced grooving method (GM) in the form of externally bonded reinforcement on grooves (EBROG) and externally bonded reinforcement in grooves (EBRIG) techniques. The concrete beam specimens were strengthened with one, two or three FRP layers, and their load–displacement relationships as well as their failure loads were compared with each other. The performances of EBR, EBROG and EBRIG techniques for flexural strengthening of RC beams were found to be very close when one layer of FRP sheet was used; however, for two FRP layers, beams strengthened with GM in the form of both EBROG and EBRIG techniques experienced up to 25% higher ultimate loads compared to those strengthened with EBR method. Furthermore, for three FRP layers, this increase was 19 and 24%, respectively, for EBROG and EBRIG strengthening techniques compared to EBR method.
Colossal Volume Contraction in Strong Polar Perovskites of Pb(Ti,V)O3 (2017)

The unique physical property of negative thermal expansion (NTE) is not only interesting for scientific research but also important for practical applications. Chemical modification generally tends to weaken NTE. It remains a challenge to obtain enhanced NTE from currently available materials. Herein, we successfully achieve enhanced NTE in Pb(Ti<sub>1-x</sub>V<sub>x</sub>)O<sub>3</sub> by improving its ferroelectricity. With the chemical substitution of vanadium, lattice tetragonality (c/a) is highly promoted, which is attributed to strong spontaneous polarization, evidenced by the enhanced covalent interaction in the V/Ti-O and Pb-O2 bonds from first-principles calculations. As a consequence, Pb(Ti<sub>0.9</sub>V<sub>0.1</sub>)O<sub>3</sub> exhibits a nonlinear and much stronger NTE over a wide temperature range with a volumetric coefficient of thermal expansion α<sub>V</sub> = -3.76 × 10<sup>-5</sup>/°C (25-550 °C). Interestingly, an intrinsic giant volume contraction (∼3.7%) was obtained at the composition of Pb(Ti<sub>0.7</sub>V<sub>0.3</sub>)O<sub>3</sub> during the ferroelectric-to-paraelectric phase transition, which represents the highest value ever reported. Such volume contraction is well correlated to the effect of spontaneous volume ferroelectrostriction. The present study extends the scope of the NTE family and provides an effective approach to explore new materials with large NTE, such as through adjusting the NTE-related ferroelectric property in the family of ferroelectrics.
The C-terminal domain of the HIV-1 regulatory protein Vpr adopts an antiparallel dimeric structure in solution via its leucine-zipper-like domain (2005)

HIV-1 Vpr is a highly conserved accessory protein that is involved in many functions of the virus life cycle. Vpr facilitates the entry of the HIV pre-integration complex through the nuclear pore, induces G2 cell cycle arrest, regulates cell apoptosis, increases transcription from the long terminal repeat and enhances viral replication. Vpr contains a Leu/Ile-rich domain (amino acids 60-81) in its C-terminal part, which is critical for dimerization. The sequence comprising residues 52-96 is implicated in properties of the protein such as DNA interaction and apoptosis via interaction with the adenine nucleotide translocator. To understand the specific interactions of Vpr-(52-96), the ability of this peptide to dimerize via a leucine-zipper mechanism has been investigated, by NMR and fluorescence spectroscopy. In contrast with results from a study performed in the presence of trifluoroethanol, our results, obtained in 30% (v/v) [2H]acetonitrile, show that Vpr-(52-96) in solution still forms an a-helix spanning residues 53-75, but dimerizes in an antiparallel orientation, through hydrophobic interactions between leucine and isoleucine residues and stacking between His71 and Trp54. Moreover, to demonstrate the physiological relevance of the dimer structure, fluorescence spectroscopy experiments have been performed in a Mes buffer, which confirmed the formation of the dimer in aqueous solution and highlighted the spatial proximity between Trp54 and His71. Surprisingly, the leucine-zipper structure shown in the present work for Vpr-(52-96) mimics the structure of full-length Vpr-(1-96), and this could explain why some of the properties of Vpr-(52-96) and Vpr-(1-96) are identical, while some are even enhanced for Vpr-(52-96), particularly in the case of DNA transfection experiments.
Content validity by experts judgment: Proposal for a virtual tool (2017)

El estudio describe las ventajas de utilizar una herramienta virtual diseñada para validar el contenido de instrumentos de investigación, a través de la técnica del juicio de expertos, y se presenta los resultados de una encuesta aplicada a expertos que participaron como jueces en la validación de contenido y expusieron su opinión y experiencias en los procesos de validación de instrumentos. El diseño metodológico incluyó tres fases: la primera, relacionada con el diseño de la herramienta virtual; posteriormente, se llevó a cabo la aplicación de esta herramienta mediante un ejercicio real y con el propósito de validar un cuestionario; en la última fase se analizaron los resultados de los siete jueces participantes. Los hallazgos muestran que el uso de la herramienta virtual facilita la organización de la información en ítems por dimensión, así como el registro de la opinión de los jueces por las categorías de claridad, coherencia, relevancia y suficiencia.
Facile Syntheses of Copper(I) Alkynyl Clusters Stabilized by Hexafluoroacetylacetonate (hfac) Ligands: The Structure of [Cu26(hfac)11(1-pentynyl)15] This work was supported by Avecia, Seiko-Epson Corporation, and EPSRC funding. We would like to thank Stephen Boyer of the Computing and Engineering Department of the University of North London for performing microanalyses. We would also like to thank Dr. Mary McPartlin for a stimulating discussion with regard to interpretation of our crystallographic results. (2002)

A remarkably anisotropic structure is exhibited by [Cu26(hfac)11(1-pentynyl)15] (hfac=hexafluoroacetylacetone), the largest CuI cluster to have been isolated (see picture). A variety of copper–alkynyl bridging modes are found within the disc-shaped cluster, with all but one of the 26 Cu atoms being located in either of two “layers”. Many short CuI⋅⋅⋅CuI interactions can be discerned within the cluster.
Pixelated bifunctional metasurface-driven dynamic vectorial holographic color prints for photonic security platform (2021)

Vectorial holography has gained a lot of attention due to the promise of versatile polarization control of structured light for enhanced optical security and multi-channel optical communication. Here, we propose a bifunctional metasurface which combines both structural color printing and vectorial holography with eight polarization channels towards advanced encryption applications. The structural colour prints are observed under white light while the polarization encoded holograms are reconstructed under laser illumination. To encode multiple holographic images for different polarization states, a pixelated metasurface is adopted. As a proof-of-concept, we devise an electrically tunable optical security platform incorporated with liquid crystals. The optical security platform is doubly encrypted: an image under white light is decrypted to provide the first key and the corresponding information is used to fully unlock the encrypted information via projected vectorial holographic images. Such an electrically tunable optical security platform may enable smart labels for security and anticounterfeiting applications.
Nanosilica Enabled Reduction of Surfactant Adsorption in Porous Media under Reservoir Temperature and Salinity (2017)

Petrochemical Science is an open access online peer reviewed interdisciplinary Journal which deals with transformation of crude oil, natural gas and petrochemicals into useful products or raw materials. The Recent Advances in Petrochemical Science journal provide a platform for international scientists, researchers, academicians, industrialists and readers to share their ideas, knowledge, information and research findings among the people of their own society. The Journal publishes Original Research Articles, Short Communications, Review Articles, Opinions, Case Reports and Book Reviews & Papers will be published with the minimum of publication delay. The topics include petroleum geochemistry; Catalysis; Energy Technology; Engineering - Industrial Chemistry; Chemical Engineering; Physical Chemistry Petroleum economics and etc.
Dendritic Polyglycerol–Poly(ethylene glycol)-Based Polymer Networks for Biosensing Application (2014)

This work describes the formation of a new dendritic polyglycerol-poly(ethylene glycol)-based 3D polymer network as a matrix for immobilization of the redox enzyme periplasmatic aldehyde oxidoreductase to create an electrochemical biosensor. The novel network is built directly on the gold surface, where it simultaneously stabilizes the enzyme for up to 4 days. The prepared biosensors can be used for amperometric detection of benzaldehyde in the range of 0.8-400 μM.
The pigeon as particle filter (2007)

Although theorists have interpreted classical conditioning as a laboratory model of Bayesian belief updating, a recent reanalysis showed that the key features that theoretical models capture about learning are artifacts of averaging over subjects. Rather than learning smoothly to asymptote (reflecting, according to Bayesian models, the gradual tradeoff from prior to posterior as data accumulate), subjects learn suddenly and their predictions fluctuate perpetually. We suggest that abrupt and unstable learning can be modeled by assuming subjects are conducting inference using sequential Monte Carlo sampling with a small number of samples — one, in our simulations. Ensemble behavior resembles exact Bayesian models since, as in particle filters, it averages over many samples. Further, the model is capable of exhibiting sophisticated behaviors like retrospective revaluation at the ensemble level, even given minimally sophisticated individuals that do not track uncertainty in their beliefs over trials.