gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Variety Trial and Pyrolysis Potential on Kenaf Grown in Iowa (2015)

Kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L.) is a warm-season, herbaceous plant mostly used as a fiber-crop in the textile and pulp industry, but also has potential for lignocellulosic bioenergy. Midwest studies on growth and use of kenaf have been scant; however, kenaf may have potential as an alternative crop for Iowa and the Midwest. Seven kenaf varieties were grown in Boone County, IA between 2004 and 2007 and evaluated for their production potential in the Midwest. More specifically, our questions were: 1) how do kenaf varieties perform in Iowa for yield?, 2) how does fiber morphology and quality differ among varieties and among core and bast fiber?, and 3) what potential does kenaf (bast and core) have for producing fuel using fast pyrolysis? The results show that Tainung 2 was the most productive variety in Central Iowa over multiple years. With regards to its chemical composition, bast kenaf had 8% more cellulose and 23% less hemicellulose than the core but it varied among varieties. Also, regardless of variety, core had in average more 40% lignin than bast. In general, core components were sensitive to climate conditions (year) whereas bast components were more affected by genetic variability for fiber composition. Similar to the plant morphology, the chemical composition determined by micro-pyrolysis showed that there are significant differences among varieties and between bast and core fiber. Overall, Tainung 2 would be the most promising cultivar for Central Iowa and could be grown to diversify Iowa agriculture and provide alternative feedstock to the biofuel industry.
Activation of p38 MAPK in CD4 T cells controls IL-17 production and autoimmune encephalomyelitis (2011)

Although several transcription factors have been shown to be critical for the induction and maintenance of IL-17 expression by CD4 Th cells, less is known about the role of nontranscriptional mechanisms. Here we show that the p38 MAPK signaling pathway is essential for in vitro and in vivo IL-17 production by regulating IL-17 synthesis in CD4 T cells through the activation of the eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E/MAPK-interacting kinase (eIF-4E/MNK) pathway. We also show that p38 MAPK activation is required for the development and progression of both chronic and relapsing-remitting forms of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE), the principal autoimmune model of multiple sclerosis. Furthermore, we show that regulation of p38 MAPK activity specifically in T cells is sufficient to modulate EAE severity. Thus, mechanisms other than the regulation of gene expression also contribute to Th17 cell effector functions and, potentially, to the pathogenesis of other Th17 cell-mediated diseases.
Anaerobic pathways of glycerol dissimilation by Enterobacter agglomerans CNCM 1210: Limitations and regulations (1997)

2 tables 2 graph.
Neurally mediated syncope prediction based on changes of cardiovascular performance surrogates: Algorithms comparison (2014)

Two methodologies for neurally mediated syncope (NMS) prediction, based on the joint analysis of the electrocardiogram (ECG) and photoplethysmogram (PPG), are compared. Several features that characterize the variations in the inotropic, chronotropic, vascular tone and blood pressure surrogates were extracted and fed into two prediction models. The first method is based on the combination of the Minkowski distance metric with a threshold-based approach to evaluate the changes in the extracted features regarding the patient orthostatic stable state. The second method implements a SVM classification model to identify pre-syncope events. The output of the classification model is regularized using a “Firing power” (FP) measure and a threshold-based approach is used to generate alarms. Both methodologies were validated in 43 subjects using a three-way data split approach. The results achieved by the presented methodologies show that the first methodology is able to predict syncope episodes with better accuracy (sensitivity (SE) of 100% and specificity (SP) of 92%) while maintaining a low rate of false alarms (FPRh: 0.146h <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-1</sup> ) and good prediction time (aPTime: 217.58s).
A connectionist model for corner detection in binary and gray images (2000)

A connectionist model along with its state dynamics is developed for detecting corner points in binary and gray images. For a given binary/gray image, each pixel in the image is assigned with some initial cornerity (our measurable quantity) which is a vector representing the direction and strength of the corner. These cornerities are then mapped onto a neural-network model which is essentially designed as a cooperative computational framework. The cornerity at each pixel is updated depending on the neighborhood information. After the network dynamics settles to stable state, the dominant points are obtained by finding out the local maxima in the cornerities. Theoretical investigations are made to ensure the stability and convergence of the network. It is found that the network is able to detect corner points even in the noisy images and for open object boundaries. The dynamics of the network is extended to accept the edge information from gray images also. The effectiveness of the model is experimentally demonstrated in synthetic and real-life binary and gray images.
L’ignifugation et la fin de vie des composites à base de fibres naturelles (2018)

International audience
Nuclear waste drum characterization with 2 MeV x-ray and gamma-ray tomography (1995)

This paper describes the progress of a multi-modality (three detector type) system for x-rays and gamma-rays developed for the waste inspection tomography (WIT) program. WIT provides mobile semi-trailer mounted nondestructive examination (NDE) and assay (NDA) for nuclear waste drum characterization. WIT uses various computed tomography (CT) methods for both NDE and NDA of nuclear waste drums. Without opening waste drums, WIT inspects and characterizes radioactive waste, including low level (LLW), transuranic (TRU), and mixed waste. With externally transmitted x-ray NDE techniques, WIT has the ability to identify high density waste materials like heavy metals, define drum contents in 2D and 3D space, quantify free liquid volumes through density and x-ray attenuation coefficient discrimination, and measure drum wall thickness. With waste emitting gamma-ray NDA techniques, WIT can locate gamma emitting radioactive sources in 2D and 3D space, identify gamma emitting isotopic species, identify gamma emitting isotopic species, identify the extermal activity approximations, and provide the data needed for waste classification as LLW or TRU.
ASAR instrument performance and product quality status (2004)

This paper presents the main characteristics of the advanced synthetic aperture radar (ASAR) instrument on board ENVISAT, ASAR products, the challenges in the ASAR calibration and product validation, the methodology used to perform the sensor performance monitoring and product calibration based on the special ASAR features and dedicated calibration sites and finally a summary on the product quality status will also be provided.
Electrodeposited copper inductors for intraocular pressure telemetry (2000)

A microsystem for wireless long-term measurement of the intraocular pressure is presented. The sensing element is a novel distributed parallel-resonant inductive-capacative circuit, with a pressure-dependent resonance frequency. This circuit is based upon a twofold on-chip deposited inductor. The high Q inductor is deposited by electrodeposition of copper on a micromachined chip incorporating a pressure-sensitive diaphragm. Test structures were fabricated and characterized. Q factors of 30 at 45 MHz and inductance values of 0.4 µH are obtained for 3×3 mm2 structures.
In Situ and Quantitative Characterization of Solid Electrolyte Interphases (2014)

Despite its importance in dictating electrochemical reversibility and cell chemistry kinetics, the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) on graphitic anodes remains the least understood component in Li ion batteries due to its trace presence, delicate chemical nature, heterogeneity in morphology, elusive formation mechanism, and lack of reliable in situ quantitative tools to characterize it. This work summarizes our systematic approach to understand SEI live formation, via in situ electrochemical atomic force microscopy, which provides topographic images and quantitative information about the structure, hierarchy, and thickness of interphases as function of electrolyte composition. Complemented by an ex situ chemical analysis, a comprehensive and dynamic picture of interphase formation during the first lithiation cycle of the graphitic anode is described. This combined approach provides an in situ and quantitative tool to conduct quality control of formed interphases.
Mountain-cultivated ginseng protects against cognitive impairments in aged GPx-1 knockout mice via activation of Nrf2/ChAT/ERK signaling pathway (2023)

GPx-1 depletion might be a prerequisite for cognitive impairment in aged animals. MCG-mediated cognition enhancement might be associated with the activations of Nrf2, ChAT, and ERK signaling cascade.
Identification of the Chemical Constituents of an Anti-Arthritic Chinese Medicine Wen Luo Yin by Liquid Chromatography Coupled with Mass Spectrometry (2019)

Wen Luo Yin (WLY), a well-known traditional Chinese medicine formulation, has been used as a complementary therapy for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis in clinical settings. However, the chemical constituents of WLY remain unclear. In this study, a high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry method was established to separate and comprehensively identify the chemical constituents of WLY. The analytes were eluted with a mobile phase of acetonitrile and 0.1% aqueous acetic acid. Mass detection was performed in both positive and negative ion mode. The MS/MS fragmentation pathways were proposed for the identification of the components. A total of 42 compounds including sesquiterpenes, alkaloids, biflavonoids, polyacetylenes, phenylpropanoids and acetylenic phenols were identified unambiguously or tentatively according to their retention times and mass behavior with those of authentic standards or literature data. The identification and structural elucidation of chemical constituents may provide important information for quality control and pharmacological research of WLY.
Distributed Acoustic Localization Scheme in Wireless Sensor Networks (2009)

The centralized localization scheme of acoustic source in WSN can get high localization accuracy, but it can't be used in practice due to the great deal of consumed energy, so a distributed EM localization scheme was proposed.The scheme based on acoustic energy decay model could process the distributed information from the sensors using EM algorithm to get the localization and energy of the source.Simulation illustrates that the localization accuracy of the proposed scheme is maintained, and the scheme can save large amount of energy.So it is a practical localization scheme.
Multi-sensor fusion architecture for human-autonomy teaming (2016)

The adaptation of a sensor fusion architecture typically utilized in multi-sensor autonomous systems toward a human-autonomy driving system is presented. The adapted sensor fusion architecture employs a simplified methodology for estimating the expected and actual performance of human and autonomous counterparts in a joint task. The aim of this estimation strategy is to mitigate human bias and miscalibrated trust-in-autonomy (TiA), through real-time visual feedback to the human subject to recommend authority toggling between the agents, and thereby increase system resilience.
Finite size scaling effects in giant magnetoresistance multilayers (2005)

We report on the findings of a study conducted on Co/Cu giant magnetoresistance multilayers with a wide variation in the number of bilayer repeats at temperatures from 4.2 to 300 K. The total film thickness varied from 77 to 2700 A. When the data were treated within a Fuchs–Sondheimer approximation for finite size effects at any one temperature an excellent agreement with the observed variation in giant magnetoresistance ratio was found. Over ~50 bilayers were required before the full giant magnetoresistance is observed. Unexpectedly, the length scale on which the GMR rises was found to be the same at all temperatures measured. This leads to unphysical temperature dependences in the Fuchs–Sondheimer mean free paths. Subsequent structural characterization showed that this length scale is related to the vertical coherence length of the grains within the sample. The same length scale was found for other related multilayer systems grown in the same chamber. The breakdown of the Fuchs–Sondheimer model is discussed in terms of modern theories of phase-coherent transport in the giant magnetoresistance: full giant magnetoresistance is only obtained when electrons can coherently sample a large enough number of layers.
Ontological approach for engineering information retrieval (2007)

Engineering design is a decision making process in which the basic sciences, mathematics, and engineering sciences are applied to convert resources optimally to developa product. In current practice, textual documents and computer-aided design (CAD) drawings are two of the most prevalent data resources in which products and processes are described. In information science areas such as information retrieval, text classification, question answering, and information extraction; statistics-based methods and keyword-based input have been prevalent in research. However, their applications in engineering information retrieval are in early stages of exploration. Most of these applications lack the engineering context such as function, form, material, production, and design processes. Current information retrieval tools either retrieve irrelevant results for engineering or are not in a form that the user can navigate and explore. Engineering context demands the system allow exploration for knowledge discovery and creation of new ideas. "Delivering the right information to the right people at the right time" plays an important role in supporting engineers' memory extension, design concept exploration, design reuse, and in the learning process of especially novice engineers. Current engineering practices ignores reuse of previous knowledge because appropriate information retrieval tools have not been developed. The redundant effort per employee is increasing, with the complexity of enterprises and products. This is in particular critical to the current stage of the economy where design and innovation is becoming more important in view of globalization and manufacturing decline. Attempts have not been made to formalize the well-established contextual knowledge in a specific domain, such as design and manufacturing, to leverage the engineering information retrieval process in the context of product development environment. This thesis proposes and develops a new computational framework that includes an ontological basis and algorithms to retrieve unstructured engineering documents while handling complex queries through a novel orienteering user interface. The results from the preliminary performance test and usability study demonstrate that the proposed method outperforms the traditional keyword-based method and reduces engineers' information seeking efforts under various design tasks. We also propose the combinational approaches which 1) integrate the ontological approach with traditional keyword-based approach to tackle the ontology uncertainty issue, and 2) incorporate the shape-based part retrieval into the framework in order to achieve a more comprehensive and more flexible engineering information retrieval environment.
[Current aspects of pharmacotherapy of alcoholism]. (1995)

There is increasing evidence that "anticraving" drugs are promising agents in the treatment of alcoholics. Clinical studies indicate favorable effects of drugs with different pharmacological profiles (e.g., dopaminergic, serotonergic, anti-opioidergic, antiglutamatergic) on abnormal drinking behavior and relapse tendencies. Interactions with the limbic reward system seem to be involved. As several drugs will probably be registered in Germany, the need for integrating these drugs in a complex rehabilitation program is emphasized. Many clinical issues regarding the practical use of these drugs await further clarification.
Joint Transmit Beamforming and Phase Shift Design for Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface Assisted MIMO Systems (2021)

Reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) becomes an increasingly important technology in sixth-generation (6G). The key aspect of RIS is smartly configuring the wireless propagation environment and providing supplementary links to enhance the signal transmission between the BS and the UE. In recent years, there has been a surge of interest in RISs in joint active and passive beamforming design to improve the system performance of RIS-assisted systems with the assumption of uncorrelated environments. To date, far too little attention has been paid to the situations that consider the correlations among the antennas and RIS reflecting elements. In this article, we focus on an RIS-assisted multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) system under spatial fading correlations, with the statistical channel state information (CSI) known at the transmitter and the RIS. We aim to maximize the ergodic spectral efficiency (SE) of this system. At first, we derive a tight upper bound on the ergodic SE. Concise upper bounds are also shown in special cases of independent and identically distributed (i.i.d.) Rician and Rayleigh, correlated Rayleigh as well as extreme Rician MIMO channels. Next, we propose a benchmark algorithm based on the semidefinite relaxation (SDR) technique to jointly optimize the beamforming vector at the transmitter and phase shift matrix of the RIS. Alternative manner is utilised until both arrive at convergence. Furthermore, we apply the dominant eigen direction transmission scheme to do beamforming in order to reduce the complexity of the algorithm, and consider the column control of the RIS to facilitate practical hardware implementation. Numerical results show the tightness of the upper bounds and the effectiveness of our proposed algorithm for improving the ergodic SE as well as the effects of freedom degrees on performances.
Modeling Passenger Distribution on Subway Station Platform prior to the Arrival of Trains (2012)

The distribution of passengers awaiting the arrival of a train on the subway platform determines the number of passengers and quality of service in each car and is also a determinant of headways of successive trains and rail line capacity. The assumption that the distribution of passengers is uniform at all train doors has been proved to be inappropriate according to field observations. Little research has been done on the prediction of the number of passengers at a door. Compared with the train dwell time, passengers' waiting time at the platform is generally much longer; more passengers arrive during the waiting period than that during the dwelling period. Therefore, this research is to study and model the distribution of passengers on the subway station platform prior to the arrival of the trains. First, passenger distribution data has been collected in a Beijing subway station by manual counting as well as video recording. Second, the potential energy function for waiting areas is proposed. A model to predict the number of passengers at a door is presented. Then, in order to estimate the parameter, an objective function of the minimum sum of squared deviations between the observed numbers of passengers at the doors and the predictions is proposed. Finally, based on the field data, passenger distribution model is developed. The relationship between the parameter and passenger distribution characteristics is discussed. It appears that a high correlation exists between the number of passengers and this parameter. The parameter is regarded as the characteristic parameter for the distribution of passenger waiting prior to the arrival of trains.
Tissue‐specific expression of type XII collagen during mouse embryonic development (1993)

Polyclonal antibodies were raised in rabbits against a fusion peptide representing a portion of the amino-terminal non-triple-helical domain of mouse type XII collagen. The antibodies reacted with bands of 220 and 350 kDa on Western blots of mouse tissue extracts. Immunohistochemical analyses of mouse embryos demonstrated that type XII collagen is expressed mainly in dense connective tissues of tendons, ligaments, dermis, cornea, blood vessel walls, meninges, and developing membranous bones. Comparison of skin extracts and medium of cultured mouse skin fibroblasts by Western blotting showed that while tissue contain short 220 kDa type XII collagen polypeptides as well as the long form, cultured cells produce mainly the long form with 350 kDa polypeptides.
Robust Monotonic Optimization Framework for Multicell MISO Systems (2012)

<?Pub Dtl=""?> The performance of multiuser systems is both difficult to measure fairly and to optimize. Most resource allocation problems are nonconvex and NP-hard, even under simplifying assumptions such as perfect channel knowledge, homogeneous channel properties among users, and simple power constraints. We establish a general optimization framework that systematically solves these problems to global optimality. The proposed branch-reduce-and-bound (BRB) algorithm handles general multicell downlink systems with single-antenna users, multiantenna transmitters, arbitrary quadratic power constraints, and robustness to channel uncertainty. A robust fairness-profile optimization (RFO) problem is solved at each iteration, which is a quasiconvex problem and a novel generalization of max–min fairness. The BRB algorithm is computationally costly, but it shows better convergence than the previously proposed outer polyblock approximation algorithm. Our framework is suitable for computing benchmarks in general multicell systems with or without channel uncertainty. We illustrate this by deriving and evaluating a zero-forcing solution to the general problem.
PRESSURE TREATMENT OF MAXILLARY SINUSITIS (1952)

Therapeutic application of physical pressure to various parts of the body has been in use for many years. Pressure has been used to facilitate the healing of wounds, burns, fractures, and chronic ulceration of the skin and in skin grafting. Pressure has also been used to prevent hemorrhage, interstitial cavitation, edema, and accumulation and stagnation of excess interstitial fluid. Smith<sup>1</sup>was the first to apply pressure in the maxillary sinus with a balloon. He inflated a balloon in the sinus to apply pressure to and prevent edema in a skin graft in the sinus. Later Shea<sup>2</sup>inflated a balloon in the maxillary sinus to hold the walls of the sinus in position after reduction of a fracture. <h3>METHOD OF TREATMENT</h3> For several years I have treated certain types of maxillary sinusitis in selected patients by applying local pressure to the mucosa of one or both maxillary sinuses. I