gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Absence of Adverse Effects of Oseltamivir on Sleep: A Double-Blind, Randomized Study in Healthy Volunteers in Japan (2011)

Influenza-associated neuropsychiatric symptoms include parasomnias such as sleepwalking which is a common sleep disturbance in childhood. Oseltamivir is a widely used antiviral drug for influenza. Recently, sleepwalking-like events have been reported in patients with influenza receiving oseltamivir. We investigated whether oseltamivir itself has effects on sleep. In this crossover study, healthy Japanese male volunteers were randomized into two treatment groups, each of which comprised two double-blind 4-day treatment periods. In the first period, group A received 75 mg oseltamivir (evening dose) on day 3, followed by 75 mg b.i.d. on day 4, and placebo in the second period. Group B received the same treatments, but in reverse order. Polysomnographic assessments were performed on all four nights of each treatment period. Pharmacokinetics were assessed during a 2-day open-label phase beginning on day 12. Thirty-one volunteers aged 20-24 years were enrolled. No volunteer had electroencephalographic abnormalities, and no abnormal behaviour was observed. Sleep parameters measured over the whole night and during early- and late sleep periods (first and last thirds of the night) were very similar for oseltamivir and placebo, although the amount of stage 2 sleep in the middle sleep period was slightly greater with oseltamivir. Pharmacokinetics for oseltamivir phosphate in groups A and B were very similar, but for oseltamivir carboxylate, AUC and C(max) values were higher in group B, probably because this group received oseltamivir on the evening of day 11. Oseltamivir was well tolerated. Oseltamivir did not produce clinically relevant changes on nocturnal polysomnographic variables in young Japanese men.
Observation of two-dimensional p-type dopant diffusion across a p+-InP/n–-InGaAs interface using scanning electron microscopy (2013)

Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with potential calculations has been shown to be effective for the detection of p-type dopant diffusion, even across a Zn doped p+-InP/non-doped n–-InGaAs/n+-InP heterojunction. Heterojunction samples were observed using SEM and the electrostatic potential was calculated from Zn concentration profiles obtained by secondary ion mass spectrometry. The sensitivity of SEM for the potential was derived from the SEM observations and potential calculation results. The results were then used to investigate the dependence of the SEM contrast on the Zn diffusion length across the p+-InP/non-doped n–-InGaAs interface. Accurate dopant mapping was difficult when the Zn diffusion length was shorter than 30 nm, because the heterojunction affects the potential at the interface. However, accurate dopant mapping was possible when the Zn diffusion length was longer than 30 nm, because the factor dominating the potential variation was not the heterojunction, but rather Zn diffusion 30 nm distant from the interface. Thus, Zn diffusion further than 30 nm from a Zn-doped p+-InP/non-doped n–-InGaAs interface can be effectively detected by secondary electron (SE) imaging. SE imaging with potential calculations can be widely used for accurate dopant mapping, even at heterojunctions, and is, therefore, expected to be of significant assistance to the compound semiconductor industry.
Worksite Physical Activity Interventions and Obesity: A Review of European Studies (the HOPE Project) (2011)

Active commuting and exercise training appear as promising approaches to promote physical activity or fitness in the workplace. The effect of interventions on obesity-related outcomes remains to be further investigated. There is a need to better report elements of generalizability and dissemination for translation into practice of worksite physical activity interventions.
Multifunctional Mesoporous Silica Nanospheres with Cleavable Gd(III) Chelates as MRI Contrast Agents: Synthesis, Characterization, Target‐Specificity, and Renal Clearance (2011)

Mesoporous silica nanospheres (MSNs) are a promising material for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agents. In this paper multifunctional MSNs with cleavable Gd(III) chelates are synthesized and characterized, and their applicability as MRI contrast agents is demonstrated both in vitro and in vivo. The MSNs contain Gd(III) chelates that are covalently linked via a redox-responsive disulfide moiety. The MSNs are further functionalized with polyethylene glycol (PEG) and an anisamide ligand to improve their biocompatibility and target specificity. The effectiveness of MSNs as an MRI imaging contrast agent and their targeting ability are successfully demonstrated in vitro using human colon adenocarcinoma and pancreatic cancer cells. Finally, the capability of this platform as an in vivo MRI contrast agent is tested using a 3T scanner. The Gd(III) chelate was quickly cleaved by the blood pool thiols and eliminated through the renal excretion pathway. Further tuning of the Gd(III) chelate release kinetics is needed before the MSN system can be used as target-specific MRI contrast agents in vivo.
Evaluating peripheral interaction (2014)

Peripheral interaction, like ambient information systems (AIS), aims at leveraging the periphery of our attention. While ambient information systems address the perception of information, peripheral interaction targets lightweight interaction outside of the current focus of attention. A number of prototypes have demonstrated the value of peripheral interaction through long-term in-situ deployments. Such studies are particularly suited to evaluate peripheral interaction since they enable the integration of devices into daily routines and thereby move interaction to the periphery of attention. However, they do not lend themselves well to early design phases. In fact, the design process completely lacks early evaluation tools to assess design choices.
Immunohistochemistry for detection of avian infectious bronchitis virus strain M41 in the proventriculus and nervous system of experimentally infected chicken embryos (2009)

IHC can be an additional useful tool for diagnosis of IBV infection in chickens and allows further studies to foster a deeper understanding of the pathogenesis of infections with IBV strains of different virulence. Moreover, these results underline that embryonic tissues in addition to CAM could be also used as possible source to generate IBV antigens for diagnostic purposes.
Preliminary results for the primary structure of bacterioferritin of Escherichia coli (1985)

Bacterioferritins are type-b cytochromes which resemble ferritin. Amino acid analysis combined with chemical modification and partial sequence analysis characterize bacterioferritin of Escherichia coli in terms of its primary structure. It is a protein composed of one kind of polypeptide chain that commences with methionine and terminates with glutamic acid. The length of the polypeptide chain is, tentatively, 146 residues. Besides the N-terminal methionine residue there are three more methionine residues, which yield four CNBr peptides, which have been aligned. The identity of the following positions in the sequence has been ascertained: residues 1-25, 30-37, 83-88, 127-132 and 143-146. No homology with ferritin was found.
ВОЗМОЖНАЯ РОЛЬ ТУЧНЫХ КЛЕТОК В ПАТОГЕНЕЗЕ ТЯЖЕЛОГО ТЕЧЕНИЯ ЭКСПЕРИМЕНТАЛЬНОЙ ИНФЕКЦИИ У МЫШЕЙ, СЕНСИБИЛИЗИРОВАННЫХ К ГРИППУ (2017)

CBA mice were immunized parenterally with the NIBRG-14 vaccine strain of A/H5N1 influenza virus, and after 2 weeks they were infected with a high dose of the live IDCDC-RG2 strain of the A/H5N1 influenza virus. The course of the infection was severe and accompanied by high mortality. The injection of antihistamines (a mixtures of H1 and H2 histamine receptors blockers), at the time of infection, resulted in a 10% reduction in mortality (p<0.05). Data indicate that the severe course of influenza infection in vaccinated animals at least partially depends on the mast cells and histamine they release presumably upon activation by IgG antibodies and the virus.
Complex Formation Between Chymotrypsin and Ethyl Cellulose as a Means to Solubilize the Enzyme in Active Form in Toluene (1992)

Chymotryspin and ethyl cellulose were mixed in an aqueous phosphate buffer solution and freeze dried. Due to complex formation between the substances it was possible to dissolve or at least finely disperse these preparations in toluene. The chymotrypsin-ethyl cellulose complexes were characterized by light scattering measurements. Complexes were also formed by mixing enzyme powder in toluene containing ethyl cellulose and buffer but this was a slow process. Experiments with radioactively labelled bovine serum albumin showed that this protein was also solubilized in toluene in the presence of ethyl cellulose and buffer salts. Chymotrypsin complexes were used to catalyze the esterification of N-acetyl-L-phenylalanine with ethanol in toluene. The presence of buffer salts greatly increased the initial reaction rate of the esterification reaction. The complexes were consideraly more active and stable than enzyme powder in toluene.
Sourcing truckload capacity in the transportation spot market: A framework for third party providers (2016)

• Behaviourally-based framework utilizing 3PL data to improve spot market sourcing. • Search for capacity improved by knowledge of carrier behaviour. • Framework helps 3PL brokers better prioritize carriers contacted for capacity. Due to uncertainty in supply chains and carrier networks stretched thin by demand, it is sometimes necessary for shippers to procure capacity for shipments on the transportation spot market. The transportation spot market is a mechanism by which unfulfilled and urgent demand is satisfied. Shipments are tendered one at a time on a load-by-load basis. Because of the often severe shortage of spot market capacity and its relatively high and volatile prices, shippers must actively as opposed to passively seek carrier capacity. Often, they turn to third parties. This research considers third party brokers (3PL, or non-asset carriers) operating in the spot market. On behalf of shippers, these brokers take responsibility for shipments and secure capacity for them. The paper proposes a behaviourally-based conceptual framework that uses 3PL broker data to improve the search for capacity on the spot market. It seeks to improve the effectiveness of the search process by combining (1) broker data on the availability of carrier capacity, (2) a priori information on a particular carrier’s likely response to various prices to service a load (the reservation price), and (3) the ability to source multiple loads simultaneously (bundling). These components are incorporated into a framework that enables brokers to better prioritize the carriers they contact, thereby improving outcomes in terms of lower carrier costs and reduced search effort.
Synergistic mobilization of hemopoietic progenitor cells using concurrent β1 and β2 integrin blockade or β2-deficient mice (2001)

The hierarchy of cytoadhesion molecules involved in hematopoietic/stem progenitor cell mobilization has not yet been delineated. Previous studies have suggested an important role for alpha4beta1 integrin in this process. To test whether mobilization involves dynamic interactions of alpha4beta1 with other integrins on hematopoietic cells, especially the beta2 integrins, mice and primates were treated with anti-beta1 or anti-beta2 antibodies alone or in combination. A single injection of anti-alpha4beta1 antibody elicited reproducible mobilization in contrast to other antibodies, and 3 injections yielded higher mobilization efficiency than each of the other antibodies. When the anti-beta2 (anti-CD11a or anti-CD18) or anti-alpha5/beta1 integrin antibody was combined with anti-alpha4, an augmentation in mobilization was seen that was either additive or synergistic, depending on the potency of the antibody used. Synergy between anti-alpha4 and anti-CD18 (beta(2)) antibody blockade was seen in primates and confirmed in anti-alpha4-treated CD18-deficient mice. In the latter, there was a 49-fold increase in mobilization with anti-alpha4, much higher than in littermate control animals, in CD18 hypomorphic mice, or in other strains of mice tested. Data from both the antibody blockade and gene-targeted mice suggest that the cooperativity of alpha4beta1 with beta2 integrins becomes evident when they are concurrently inhibited. It is unclear whether this cooperativity is exerted at the stage of reversible adhesion versus migration, and enhancement of and whether the 2 integrins work in a sequential or parallel manner. Whatever the mechanism, the data provide a novel example of beta1 and beta2 integrin crosstalk in stem/progenitor cell mobilization.
Studying the Utility of Using Genetics to Predict Smoking-Related Outcomes in a Population-Based Study and a Selected Cohort (2021)

This study shows that including both genetic ancestry and PRSs in a single model increases the ability to predict smoking behaviors compared with the model including only demographic characteristics. This finding is observed for every smoking-related outcome. Even though adding genetics is more predictive, the demographics alone confer substantial and meaningful predictive power. However, with increasing work in PRSs, the predictive ability will continue to improve.
D 2 Dopamine Receptors Colocalize Regulator of G-Protein Signaling 9-2 (RGS9-2) via the RGS9 DEP Domain, and RGS9 Knock-Out Mice Develop Dyskinesias Associated with Dopamine Pathways (2005)

Regulator of G-protein signaling 9-2 (RGS9-2), a member of the RGS family of G GTPase accelerating proteins, is expressed specifically in the striatum, which participates in antipsychotic-induced tardive dyskinesia and in levodopa-induced dyskinesia. We report that RGS9 knock-out mice develop abnormal involuntary movements when inhibition of dopaminergic transmission is followed by activation of D2-like dopamine receptors (DRs). These abnormal movements resemble drug-induced dyskinesia more closely than other rodent models. Recordings from striatal neurons of these mice establish that activation of D2-like DRs abnormally inhibits glutamate-elicited currents. We show that RGS9-2, via its DEP domain (for Disheveled, EGL-10, Pleckstrin homology), colocalizes with D2DRs when coexpressed in mammalian cells. Recordings from oocytes coexpressing D2DR or the m2 muscarinic receptor and G-protein-gated inward rectifier potassium channels show that RGS9-2, via its DEP domain, preferentially accelerates the termination of D2DR signals. Thus, alterations in RGS9-2 may be a key factor in the pathway leading from D2DRs to the side effects associated with the treatment both of psychoses and Parkinson's disease.
Morphology, crystalline structure, and properties of poly(vinylidene fluoride)/silica hybrid composites (2001)

Abstract Poly(vinylidene fluoride)/silica (PVDF/SiO 2 ) hybrid composite films were prepared via sol–gel reactions from mixtures of PVDF and tetraethoxysilane in dimethylacetamide. Their morphology, crystalline structure, and thermal, mechanical, and electrical properties were examined. For morphology measurements, scanning electron microscopy and optical microscopy were applied. X‐ray diffraction and infrared analyses showed that the crystalline structure of PVDF was not changed much by the addition of SiO 2 , indicating that there was no interaction between PVDF and SiO 2 . With increasing SiO 2 content, the melting temperature rarely changed, the degree of crystallinity and the dielectric constant decreased, and the decomposition temperature slightly increased. A PVDF/SiO 2 hybrid composite film with 5 wt % SiO 2 exhibited balanced mechanical properties without a severe change in the crystalline structure of PVDF, whereas for the hybrid composites with higher SiO 2 contents (&gt;10 wt %), the mechanical properties were reduced, and the spherulite texture of PVDF was significantly disrupted by the presence of SiO 2 particles. © 2001 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 40: 19–30, 2002
Optimal pulsewidth modulation for AC servos and low-cost industrial drives (1994)

An optimal pulsewidth modulation method for inverters is described in which the durations of switching subcycles are considered as optimization variables, a subcycle being the time sequence of three consecutive switching state vectors. Operation at variable subcycle duration entails a prediction of the controlling reference voltage vector. It is a special advantage that the optimization and prediction can be carried out off line. The optimal technique exhibits high dynamic performance. It can be used for synchronized and asynchronous modulation in a wide range of switching frequencies. The optimization reduces the harmonic currents at a given switching frequency. The Fourier spectrum lacks dominant carrier frequencies. Hardware implementation cost compares with existing nonoptimal modulation methods.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
High-Performance Scalable Flash File System Using Virtual Metadata Storage with Phase-Change RAM (2010)

Several flash file systems have been developed based on the physical characteristics of NAND flash memory. However, previous flash file systems have performance overhead and scalability problems caused by metadata management in NAND flash memory. In this paper, we present a flash file system called PFFS2. PFFS2 stores all metadata into virtual metadata storage, which employs Phase-change RAM (PRAM). PRAM is a next-generation nonvolatile memory and will be good for dealing with word-level read/write of small-size data. Based on the virtual metadata storage, PFFS2 can manage metadata in a virtually fixed location and through byte-level in-place updates. Therefore, the performance of PFFS2 is 38 percent better than YAFFS2 for small file read/write while matching YAFFS2 performance for large file. Virtual metadata storage is particularly effective in decreasing the burden of computational and I/O overhead of garbage collection. In addition, PFFS2 maintains a 0.18 second mounting time and 284 KB memory usage in spite of increases in NAND flash memory size. We also propose a wear-leveling solution for PRAM in virtual metadata storage and greatly reduce the total write count of NAND flash memory. In addition, the life span of PFFS2 is longer than other flash file systems.
Efficacy of a single evening dose of a syrup containing paracetamol, dextromethorphan hydrobromide, doxylamine succinate and ephedrine sulfate in subjects with multiple common cold symptoms (2007)

The results confirm the multisymptom benefit of a single dose of the test syrup containing paracetamol, dextromethorphan hydrobromide, doxylamine succinate and ephedrine sulfate and support its role as an effective and convenient therapy for symptoms of nasal congestion, runny nose, cough and pain/body aches associated with the common cold and for increasing sleep quality disturbed by the common cold.
Dynamic spectrum management in green cognitive radio cellular networks (2017)

In this paper, we propose a new cellular network operation scheme fulfilling the 5G requirements related to spectrum management and green communications. We focus on cognitive radio cellular networks in which both the primary network (PN) and the secondary network (SN) are maximizing their operational profits. The PN and the SN are required to respect a CO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> emissions threshold by switching off one or more lightly loaded base stations (BSs). In addition, the PN accepts to cooperate with the SN by leasing its spectrum in the cells where the PN is turned off. In return, the corresponding SN BSs host the PN users and impose extra roaming fees to the PN. We propose a low-complexity algorithm that maximizes the profit per CO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> emissions metric while switching on/off the BSs. In the simulations, we show that our proposed algorithm achieves performances close to the exhaustive search method. In addition, we find that the roaming price is a key parameter that affects both PN and SN profits <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sup> .
RECOVERIES OF BACTERIA AFTER DRYING IN GLUTAMATE AND OTHER SUBSTANCES (1964)

Summary Salmonella ndolo was suspended in a number of fluids, including solutions of sodium glutamate, various carbohydrates and long chain polymers, then dried on cellulose tufts and sealed in vacuo . Recoveries were measured after storage at room temperature, 37° and 45°, and after exposure to 100° for as long as seven hours. Glutamate had a highly protective effect towards the desiccates at the higher temperatures. A mixture of glutamate and peptone gave complete recovery after drying and after storage at room temperature for two years, and relatively high recoveries after high temperature storage and exposure to 100°. The recoveries of bacteria after drying in glutamate on cellulose or quartz fibres were very similar.
Thermoluminescence in XLPE cable insulation (1996)

Crosslinked polyethylene (XLPE) has been employed in underground transmission and distribution cables because of its excellent electrical and mechanical properties, such as low permittivity and dielectric loss, high degree of toughness, and good flexibility. An underground power cable operates at temperatures above ambient and the polymeric insulation is usually crosslinked to provide mechanical strength to withstand the high temperatures. Chemical crosslinking is commonly employed; however, chemical crosslinking creates byproducts such as acetophenone, /spl alpha/-methylene styrene, and cumyl alcohol. The general practice is to decrease the concentration of the volatile crosslinking byproducts from the newly manufactured transmission class cables before they are commissioned into service. The concentration of the byproducts is decreased by treating the cables at a high temperature in a vacuum oven. At present, to determine the residual concentration of the byproducts, the treatment has to be stopped, a sample of the polymer has to be cut from the treated cable and the byproducts have to be extracted for several hours from the polymer before they can be analyzed. This paper describes a novel, non-destructive optical method for determining the concentration of the byproducts in XLPE prior to cable installation. The method involves in situ detection and measurement of thermoluminescence emitted by the crosslinking byproducts during the pretreatment of the cable, It is shown that the measurement of the intensity of thermoluminescence provides a direct indication of the concentration of the byproducts and that it is more sensitive than mass spectrometry.
Development of an Intermittent High-Speed Natural Gas Jet (2005)

This study presents characteristics of the development of an intermittent high-speed natural gas jet with pulsed operation under the atmospheric condition by means of a schlieren method. Methane was used as the test gas, that is a major component of the natural gas. To measure the jet penetration and the dispersion angle, instantaneous images of the methane jet were obtained using a CCD camera with an image intensifire. It is shown that the jet angle decreases with time. Jet penetration could be predicted satisfactorily by a modified momentum theory by considering the change of the jet dispersion angle and the transient characteristics of the injector. It was found that characteristics of the injector have an effect on development process of an intermittent high-speed natural gas jet.