gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Towards Sustainable Aquafeeds: Complete Substitution of Fish Oil with Marine Microalga Schizochytrium sp. Improves Growth and Fatty Acid Deposition in Juvenile Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) (2016)

We conducted a 84-day nutritional feeding experiment with dried whole cells of DHA-rich marine microalga Schizochytrium sp. (Sc) to determine the optimum level of fish-oil substitution (partial or complete) for maximum growth of Nile tilapia. When we fully replaced fish oil with Schizochytrium (Sc100 diet), we found significantly higher weight gain and protein efficiency ratio (PER), and lower (improved) feed conversion ratio (FCR) and feed intake compared to a control diet containing fish oil (Sc0); and no significant change in SGR and survival rate among all diets. The Sc100 diet had the highest contents of 22:6n3 DHA, led to the highest DHA content in fillets, and consequently led to the highest DHA:EPA ratios in tilapia fillets. Schizochytrium sp. is a high quality candidate for complete substitution of fish oil in juvenile Nile tilapia feeds, providing an innovative means to formulate and optimize the composition of tilapia juvenile feed while simultaneously raising feed efficiency of tilapia aquaculture and to further develop environmentally and socially sustainable aquafeeds. Results show that replacing fish oil with DHA-rich marine Sc improves the deposition of n3 LC PUFA levels in tilapia fillet. These results support further studies to lower Schizochytrium production costs and to combine different marine microalgae to replace fish oil and fishmeal into aquafeeds.
Perspectives on the revised Ghent criteria for the diagnosis of Marfan syndrome (2015)

Three international nosologies have been proposed for the diagnosis of Marfan syndrome (MFS): the Berlin nosology in 1988; the Ghent nosology in 1996 (Ghent-1); and the revised Ghent nosology in 2010 (Ghent-2). We reviewed the literature and discussed the challenges and concepts of diagnosing MFS in adults. Ghent-1 proposed more stringent clinical criteria, which led to the confirmation of MFS in only 32%-53% of patients formerly diagnosed with MFS according to the Berlin nosology. Conversely, both the Ghent-1 and Ghent-2 nosologies diagnosed MFS, and both yielded similar frequencies of MFS in persons with a causative FBN1 mutation (90% for Ghent-1 versus 92% for Ghent-2) and in persons not having a causative FBN1 mutation (15% versus 13%). Quality criteria for diagnostic methods include objectivity, reliability, and validity. However, the nosology-based diagnosis of MFS lacks a diagnostic reference standard and, hence, quality criteria such as sensitivity, specificity, or accuracy cannot be assessed. Medical utility of diagnosis implies congruency with the historical criteria of MFS, as well as with information about the etiology, pathogenesis, diagnostic triggers, prognostic triggers, and potential complications of MFS. In addition, social and psychological utilities of diagnostic criteria include acceptance by patients, patient organizations, clinicians and scientists, practicability, costs, and the reduction of anxiety. Since the utility of a diagnosis or exclusion of MFS is context-dependent, prioritization of utilities is a strategic decision in the process of nosology development. Screening tests for MFS should be used to identify persons with MFS. To confirm the diagnosis of MFS, Ghent-1 and Ghent-2 perform similarly, but Ghent-2 is easier to use. To maximize the utility of the diagnostic criteria of MFS, a fair and transparent process of nosology development is essential.
Deep Structured Output Learning for Unconstrained Text Recognition (2014)

We develop a representation suitable for the unconstrained recognition of words in natural images: the general case of no fixed lexicon and unknown length. To this end we propose a convolutional neural network (CNN) based architecture which incorporates a Conditional Random Field (CRF) graphical model, taking the whole word image as a single input. The unaries of the CRF are provided by a CNN that predicts characters at each position of the output, while higher order terms are provided by another CNN that detects the presence of N-grams. We show that this entire model (CRF, character predictor, N-gram predictor) can be jointly optimised by back-propagating the structured output loss, essentially requiring the system to perform multi-task learning, and training uses purely synthetically generated data. The resulting model is a more accurate system on standard real-world text recognition benchmarks than character prediction alone, setting a benchmark for systems that have not been trained on a particular lexicon. In addition, our model achieves state-of-the-art accuracy in lexicon-constrained scenarios, without being specifically modelled for constrained recognition. To test the generalisation of our model, we also perform experiments with random alpha-numeric strings to evaluate the method when no visual language model is applicable.
Password Based Key Exchange with Hidden Elliptic Curve Public Parameters. (2009)

Abstract. We here describe a new Password-based Authenticated Key Exchange (PAKE) protocol based on elliptic curve cryptography. We prove it secure in the Bellare-Pointcheval-Rogaway (BPR) model. Our proposal is conceived in a such a way that it ensures that the elliptic curve public parameters remain private. This is important in the context of ID contactless devices as, in this case, it is easy to link these parameters with the nationality of the ID document owners. 1
Surface Complexation and Equilibrium Modelling for Low Salinity Waterflooding in Sandstone Reservoirs (2017)

Abstract Changes at oil/brine and sandstone/brine interfaces can improve oil recovery in sandstone reservoirs by low salinity waterflooding (LSWF). There have been several attempts to understand the interfaces through both experiments and modelling, but the results are inconsistent and the existing models did not consider the important mechanisms on prediction. In this study, an integrated model incorporating surface complexation reaction, dissolution/precipitation of minerals, and speciation was developed to simulate LSWF in sandstone reservoirs. A separate surface complexation model was developed for oil-brine and kaolinite-brine interfaces. The effect of pH and divalent ions of calcium and magnesium concentration on surface species of oil and kaolinite is analyzed. These surface complexation models were combined and coupled with phase-equilibrium model to predict LSWF in sandstone reservoir. Deprotonation of Al and Si sites (&amp;gt;Al: SiO−) of kaolinite and both deprotonated carboxylic groups (−COO−) and calcium-adsorbed (−COOCa+) dominates the surfaces at various brines and its diluted composition. The pH rise in the formation water increases the dissociation of both oil and kaolinite and hence high repulsion between the surface. The desorption of oil was calculated from the surface species concentration of both oil and kaolinite. The simulation results on desorption of oil increases with dilution times (up to 20 times) and amount of equilibrated brine of seawater, formation water, 20 mmol/l CaCl2, and 20 mmol/l MgCl2. Consideration of phase-equilibrium significantly impact on the simulation results; the dissolution and precipitation of sandstone minerals increase the desorption of oil by few percentages, 6-10% in seawater flooding. Increased oil recovery in LSWF is strongly depend on the aqueous chemistry of injected solution and surface electrical properties, such as surface site density and equilibrium constants for ionization and ionic adsorption of oil and kaolinite. The simulation results of this study emphasize the importance of surface chemistry of oil and kaolinite as well as phase equilibrium reactions on improved oil recovery in LSWF. The key factors affecting electrostatics of oil and kaolinite and then oil recovery was identified and analyzed. The potential improvement of the model for better prediction is discussed. The proposed model could serve as a useful tool to predict oil recovery during LSWF in sandstone reservoirs.
Clinical features and predictors of lethal ventricular tachyarrhythmias after cardiac resynchronization therapy for primary prevention of sudden cardiac death (2013)

Abstract Background Cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) reduces the mortality rate among patients with advanced heart failure (HF) and a wide QRS complex. Despite such clinical improvement, the clinical features of ventricular tachyarrhythmias (VA) and the risk of sudden cardiac death (SCD) among these patients still remain to be elucidated. Methods In total, 128 consecutive patients with advanced HF (mean age, 68±10 years; 90 men; mean left ventricular ejection fraction [LVEF], 27±7%) who underwent CRT with a cardioverter‐defibrillator (CRT‐D) as the primary prevention for SCD were examined. Twenty‐nine patients had ischemic cardiomyopathy (ICM), whereas the other 99 patients had nonischemic cardiomyopathy (NICM). At each follow‐up examination, patient‐ and device‐related data were collected. All detected VA episodes were analyzed. Results During a mean period of 1009±566 days, 30 patients (23%) experienced appropriate cardioverter‐defibrillator treatment for sustained VA. Twenty‐six had NICM and the other 4 had ICM. The first VA episodes mostly involved monomorphic ventricular tachycardia (VT) at 187±30 beats/min (28 patients, 93%). The mode of successful therapy was antitachycardia pacing (ATP) in 60% of patients. Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that among clinically plausible predictors (age; gender; LVEF; underlying rhythms; QRS duration; QT interval; ischemic cause of HF; history of nonsustained VT; and the uses of amiodarone, β‐blockers, and renin‐angiotensin inhibitors), only the history of nonsustained VT ( P &lt;0.0001) was a significant predictor of appropriate cardioverter‐defibrillator therapy. Conclusions After implantation of a CRT‐D device for primary prevention, VAs were more prone to occur in patients with nonischemic HF than in those with ischemic HF. Moreover, the first VA episodes were mostly monomorphic VT, and most episodes were terminated by ATP. In addition, nonsustained VT was a potent predictor of VA after CRT.
The Emergence of Rus 750-1200 (review) (1997)

REVIEWS S I M O N F R A N K L I N A N D J O N A T H A N S H E P A R D , The Emergence of Rus 750-1200 ( N e w Y o r k and L o n d o n : L o n g m a n Press, 1996), 371 p p . + x x i i + maps, genealogies, index. I n this long-anticipated a d d i t i o n t o the L o n g m a n H i s t o r y o f Russia series, S i m o n F r a n k l i n and Jonathan Shepard have w r i t t e n the first v o l u m e o f the medieval t i m e p e r i o d t r a d i t i o n a l l y referred t o as Kievan Rus'. A t this t i m e , the proto-nation's center was i n K i e v , but the authors are q u i c k t o p o i n t o u t i n their i n t r o d u c t i o n that K i e v does n o t i m p l y U k r a i n i a n , n o r does it i m p l y Russian i n the sense that we k n o w these terms for the m o d e r n era. Rus' was an area that evolved i n t o the nucleus o f b o t h U k r a i n i a n and Russian national claims, yet i n the earliest p e r i o d was e n t i r e l y unique. As such, there have been few sources i n English that satisfactorily deal w i t h the Kievan era i n a comprehensive manner; F r a n k l i n and Shepard also claim that there are few w h i c h deal w i t h the subject i n Russian o r U k r a i n i a n . T h e i r goal, t h e n , is t o provide a general fresh synthesis that encompasses the scope o f all the specialized types o f h i s t o r y p r o d u c e d i n the last few decades. F o r the most part, t h e y are successful. T h i s b o o k is, i n a series marked b y uneven entries, a good synthesis w h i c h pays a t t e n t i o n t o details frequently lost i n other more n a r r o w l y focused studies. F o r example, their discussion o f the official conversion o f Rus' t o O r t h o ­ d o x C h r i s t i a n i t y under the reign o f G r a n d Prince V l a d i m i r i n 988 considers i t i n terms o f its economic, p o l i t i c a l , c u l t u r a l , and socio- hierarchical benefits. I n other monographs, b y contrast, one m i g h t f i n d a scarce m e n t i o n o f the facts, or an overrehance o n the connec­ t i o n w i t h Constantinople's church. T h e authors also incorporate a w e a l t h o f other disciplinary material, i n particular archeological find­ ings f o r the analysis o f a p e r i o d w h i c h is notable f o r having p r i m a r y material o n l y at earliest i n the eleventh century, w i t h the first c h u r c h chronicle appearing i n 1118. F r a n k l i n and Shepard therefore u t i l i z e the physical evidence o f the culture o f Rus' t o discuss its b i r t h and e v o l u t i o n i n a detailed, e m p i r i c a l l y based survey. There is a comprehensive and holistic examination o f the con­ version o f Rus' t o O r t h o d o x y , w h i c h F r a n k l i n and Shepard cover f r o m the perspective o f cultural i n f i l t r a t i o n o f Byzantine influences, emphasizing as w e l l the sociopolitical ramifications o f accepting T h e authors state they use the term Rus rather than the familiar form of R u s ' because they have adopted a simplified transliteration system, with diacritics omitted.
Recanalization and Reperfusion Therapies of Acute Ischemic Stroke: What have We Learned, What are the Major Research Questions, and Where are We Headed? (2014)

Two placebo-controlled trials have shown that early administration of intravenous recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rt-PA) after ischemic stroke improves outcomes since 4.5h after symptoms onset; meanwhile another six trials cannot demonstrate it. We also know from the analysis of the pooled data that benefit from treatment decreased as time from stroke onset to start the treatment increased. In addition to time, another important point is patient selection through multimodal imaging, combining data from artery status and salvageable tissue, but nowadays, randomized controlled trials (RCT) cannot demonstrate outcomes benefit of neuroimaging mismatch selection far away from 4.5h from symptoms onset. Focusing in cases of large arterial occlusion we know that recanalization is crucial, so an interesting approach it has been the use of endovascular treatment. The use of intraarterial thrombolysis was tested in two small RCT that demonstrated clear benefit in terms of higher recanalization and also in clinical outcomes. But a new paradigm of stroke treatment may have begun with mechanical thrombectomy. In this field, Merci devices have been overcome by the fully deployed closed-cell self-expanding stents (stent-triever). However even thought the highly rate of recanalization obtained with the stent retrievers compared with the other recanalization treatments, the use of those devices cannot demonstrate clear better outcomes. Thus futile recanalization occurs when successful recanalization fails to improve functional outcome. Recently three randomized controlled trials, Synthesis, IMS-III, and MR-Rescue, have not been demonstrated clear benefit of endovascular treatment. Probably this trials fails in their design in order to prove the superiority of endovascular treatment due to it did not use an optimal target populations, the vascular status were not evaluated in all patients, a relatively high rates of patients did not have enough mismatch, time from baseline n
Signal transduction in the type I interferon system and viral countermeasures (2007)

Type I interferons (IFN) including IFNα/β are cytokines of the immune system with critical functions in innate and adaptive immune response. Secreted IFN acts via JAK/STAT signaling pathways to direct a huge gene expression program, including antiviral, apoptotic, survival and immune genes. Only recently, the molecular patterns and their receptors as well as the connected signaling pathways leading to transcriptional activation of IFN genes have been elucidated. Ubiquitous cytosolic RNA helicases like RIG-I which sense intracellular triphosphate RNAs and activate the IFN-controlling transcription factors IRF3 and IRF7 seem to play a major role in antiviral defense and immunity. Recognition of extracellular nucleic acids by a subset of Toll-like receptors in addition contributes to a generalized host IFN response. During co-evolution with the host, viruses have learned to counteract every piece of the IFN network. Learning from viruses how to target the IFN system may lead us to novel strategies for therapeutic intervention.
Development of Large Ultraprecision Mirror Surface Grinding System with Elid (2005)

This paper introduces a new ultraprecision mirror surface machining system with ELID (Electrolytic In-Process Dressing). The machine has three linear axes, which can be controlled at a feeding resolution of 10nm under full closed feedback. 3-axes double hydrostatic guideway are used for sliding the machine, and hydrostatic bearing is used for the grinding wheel spindle. Ultraprecision mirror surface grinding, which achieved a surface roughness of 0.007 microns in Ra and surface straightness of 0.25 microns for a metal mold steel, was stably realized.
Low threshold and high uniformity for novel 1.3-/spl mu/m-strained InGaAsP MQW DC-PBH LDs fabricated by the all-selective MOVPE technique (1997)

1.3-μm-strained InGaAsP multiquantum-well (MQW) double-channel planar buried heterostructure laser diodes (DC-PBH-LDs) were fabricated by all-selective metalorganic vapor phase epitaxy (MOVPE). In the fabrication process, the strained MQW active layer and current-blocking structures were directly formed by selective MOVPE without a semiconductor etching process. A low-threshold current (I/sub th/=2.6 mA@25/spl deg/C for 200-μm-long 70%-90% facets) and excellent high-temperature operation (T <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0</sub> =84 K, 25/spl deg/C-60/spl deg/C and T <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0</sub> =70 K, 25/spl deg/C-85/spl deg/C) were achieved. Furthermore, extremely uniform threshold current and slope efficiency were observed, The median time to failure for these LDs was estimated to be more than 100000 h under the 85/spl deg/C-5 mW aging condition.
Generation, reception and separation of mixed-state orbital angular momentum vortex beams using metasurfaces (2017)

In this paper, metasurfaces are designed, fabricated and experimentally demonstrated to transmit and receive a mixed-mode orbital angular momentum (OAM) vortex wave. Firstly, the theoretical formula of compensated phase-shift distribution is deduced and used to design the metasurface to produce the mixed-state vortex wave. Then, simulations and near-field scanning experiments are performed to verify that mixed-state vortex waves can be generated and received by using metasurfaces. The receiving experiments for mixed-mode OAM beam are conducted in the near-field zone, covered frequency band from 4.5 GHz to 7.0 GHz. In transceiving experiments, the TX is the proposed reflective metasurface generating the mixed-state OAM wave (P = 2, l1 = 1, l2 = 2), which is composed of square loop elements. The RX is an OAM receiving metasurface composed by crossed dipole elements, which can receive OAM mode l = 1 in vertical polarization but OAM mode l = 2 in horizontal polarization. Experimental results show that mixed-state vortex waves can be detected, received and separated by pure OAM-mode transmitting and receiving reciprocal metasurfaces. The proposed method paves an effective way to generate and detect the OAM vortex wave of mixed modes for microwave wireless communication and detection applications.
Cholesterol from Japanese Beetles,

Popillia japonica (1998)

Abstract An extract of adult Japanese beetles, Popillia japonica Newman (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae), collected in commercial Japanese beetle traps, afforded a large amount (nearly 0.2 mg/g of fresh weight) of cholesterol. As phytophagous insects, Japanese beetles feed on a variety of plants. Since little or no cholesterol can be obtained from their diet, they must be able to utilize phytosterols to generate and store cholesterol.
Research data supporting: "Ramsey interference in a multi-level quantum system" (2016)

The experimental data used in the figures found in "Ramsey interference in a multi-level quantum system".
Glucocerebrosidase Mutations in Parkinson Disease (2017)

Following the discovery of a higher than expected incidence of Parkinson Disease (PD) in Gaucher disease, a lysosomal storage disorder, mutations in the glucocerebrocidase (GBA) gene, which encodes a lysosomal enzyme involved in sphingolipid degradation were explored in the context of idiopathic PD. GBA mutations are now known to be the single largest risk factor for development of idiopathic PD. Clinically, on imaging and pharmacologically, GBA PD is almost identical to idiopathic PD, other than certain features that can be identified in the specialist research setting but not in routine clinical practice. In patients with a known GBA mutation, it is possible to monitor for prodromal signs of PD. The clinical similarity with idiopathic PD and the chance to identify PD at a pre-clinical stage provides a unique opportunity to research therapeutic options for early PD, before major irreversible neurodegeneration occurs. However, to date, the molecular mechanisms which lead to this increased PD risk in GBA mutation carriers are not fully elucidated. Experimental models to define the molecular mechanisms and test therapeutic options include cell culture, transgenic mice and other in vivo models amenable to genetic manipulation, such as drosophilia. Some key pathological pathways of interest in the context of GBA mutations include alpha synuclein aggregation, lysosomal-autophagy axis changes and endoplasmic reticulum stress. Therapeutic agents that exploit these pathways are being developed and include the small molecule chaperone Ambroxol. This review aims to summarise the main features of GBA-PD and provide insights into the pathological relevance of GBA mutations on molecular pathways and the therapeutic implications for PD resulting from investigation of the role of GBA in PD.
The roles of Dmrt (Double sex/Male-abnormal-3 Related Transcription factor) genes in sex determination and differentiation mechanisms: Ubiquity and diversity across the animal kingdom (2015)

The Dmrt (Double sex/Male-abnormal-3 Related Transcription factor) genes have been intensively studied because they represent major transcription factors in the pathways governing sex determination and differentiation. These genes have been identified in animal groups ranging from cnidarians to mammals, and some of the genes functionally studied. Here, we propose to analyze (i) the presence/absence of various Dmrt gene groups in the different taxa across the animal kingdom; (ii) the relative expression levels of the Dmrt genes in each sex; (iii) the specific spatial (by organ) and temporal (by developmental stage) variations in gene expression. This review considers non-mammalian animals at all levels of study (i.e. no particular importance is given to animal models), and using all types of sexual strategy (hermaphroditic or gonochoric) and means of sex determination (i.e. genetic or environmental). To conclude this global comparison, we offer an analysis of the DM domains conserved among the different DMRT proteins, and propose a general sex-specific pattern for each member of the Dmrt gene family.