gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Diagnosis and management of pancreatitis (1994)

ABSTRACT While there is no single diagnostic approach, other than direct examination of the pancreas, that is completely reliable for the diagnosis of pancreatitis, a presumptive diagnosis of acute pancreatitis can be made with a good degree of confidence by careful evaluation of the entire clinical picture ‐ history and clinical signs, results of physical examination, abdominal imaging and laboratory testing. The approach to treatment is to rest the pancreas, by withholding food, while providing general supportive care by fluid therapy including, in severe cases, plasma transfusion to replace plasma protease inhibitors and albumin. Additional specific interventions in an effort to halt the progression of spontaneous pancreatitis have not yet been shown to be effective, but control of obesity and avoidance of high fat diets may help prevent pancreatitis or lessen its severity when it occurs. Pancreatitis is an unpredictable disease of widely varying severity. While many patients with uncomplicated pancreatitis recover spontaneously following several days of supportive care, other patients die in spite of prolonged intensive care.
Microphone array processing for robust speech recognition (2003)

Animal models are powerful tools to analyze the mechanism of the induction of human breast cancer. Here we report a detailed analysis of mammary tumor progression in one mouse model of breast cancer caused by expression of the polyoma middle T oncoprotein (PyMT) in the mammary epithelium, and its comparison to human breast tumors. In PyMT mice, four distinctly identifiable stages of tumor progression from premalignant to malignant stages occur in a single primary tumor focus and this malignant transition is followed by a high frequency of distant metastasis. These stages are comparable to human breast diseases classified as benign or in situ proliferative lesions to invasive carcinomas. In addition to the morphological similarities with human breast cancer, the expression of biomarkers in PyMT-induced tumors is also consistent with those associated with poor outcome in humans. These include a loss of estrogen and progesterone receptors as well as integrin-beta1 expression and the persistent expression of ErbB2/Neu and cyclinD1 in PyMT-induced tumors as they progress to the malignant stage. An increased leukocytic infiltration was also closely associated with the malignant transition. This study demonstrates that the PyMT mouse model is an excellent one to understand the biology of tumor progression in humans.
Comparison of Mechanical Properties of Fly Ash Artificial Geopolymer Aggregates with Natural Aggregate (2015)

This study was conducted to compare the mechanical properties of fly ash artificial geopolymer aggregates with natural aggregate (rock) in term of its impact strength, specific gravity and water absorption.The raw materials used were fly ash, sodium hydroxide, sodium silicate and natural aggregate. After the artificial geopolymer aggregate has been produced, its water absorption, specific gravity and aggregate impact test has been done. All results obtained were compared to natural aggregate. The result shows that the fly ash geopolymer aggregate are lighter than natural aggregate in term of its specific gravity. The impact value for fly ash artificial geopolymer aggregate slightly high compared to natural aggregate while it has high water absorption value compared to natural aggregate. As conclusion, the fly ash artificial geopolymer aggregate can be used as one of the construction materials in concrete as an alternative for coarse aggregate besides natural aggregate with more lightweight properties.
Synthesis and X-ray structure of an osmium carbonyl anion [HOs3(CO)10·O2C·Os6(CO)17]– (1976)

C. R. Eady, J. J. Guy, B. F. G. Johnson, J. Lewis, M. C. Malatesta and G. M. Sheldrick, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., 1976, 602 DOI: 10.1039/C39760000602
Matrix‐free laser desorption/ionization of ions landed on plasma‐treated metal surfaces (2008)

We report new experiments in which laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LDI-TOF-MS) was applied to detection and characterization of gramicidin S and IgG pentapeptide (DSDPR) that were reactively landed on plasma-treated stainless steel surfaces. The distributions of [M+H](+), [M+Na](+) and [M + K](+) ion species in LDI-TOF for gramicidin S and IgG pentapeptide (DSDPR) were found to be markedly different from those in conventional MALDI-TOF spectra of the same samples. LDI-TOF mass spectra showed a strong preference for [M+K](+) adducts even in the presence of a large excess of sodium cations, or following surface treatment with trifluoroacetic acid. Alkali metal cations (K(+) and Cs(+)) can be exchanged in reactively landed peptide samples to provide the corresponding cationized peptide ions by LDI. Multiple charged trypsin cations were reactively landed into a layer of 2-(4-hydroxyphenylazo)benzoic acid and ionized by LDI. The ionization mechanisms for LDI of surface-deposited peptides are briefly discussed.
Model-driven design and development of semantic Web service applications (2007)

This article proposes a model-driven methodology to design and develop semantic Web service applications and their components, described according to the emerging WSMO standard. In particular, we show that business processes and Web engineering models have sufficient expressive power to support the semiautomatic extraction of semantic descriptions (i.e., WSMO ontologies, goals, Web services, and mediators), thus partially hiding the complexity of dealing with semantics. Our method is based on existing models for the specification of business processes (BPMN) combined with Web engineering models for designing and developing semantically rich Web applications (WebML). The proposed approach leads from an abstract view of the business needs to a concrete implementation of the application by means of several design steps; high-level models are transformed into software components. Our framework increases the efficiency of the whole design process, yielding to the construction of semantic Web service applications spanning over several enterprises.
Effect of Foliarly Applied Acids and Ferrous Sulfate on Leaf Ferrous Iron Content and Leaf Greenness of Lychee Trees (2008)

Iron deficiency is a major nutritional problem of lychee trees ( Litchi chinensis Sonn.) grown in calcareous soils. Applica­tions of chelated iron (Fe) to calcareous soil are efficacious but very expensive. The effects of foliarly applied organic acids, organic acids plus ferrous sulphate (FS), or a chelated Fe (EDDHA) soil drench on Fe nutrition of 18-month-old ‘Mauritius’ lychee trees in containers and 8-year-old ‘Kaimana’ lychee trees in calcareous soil in an orchard in southern Florida were investigated during 2006. All foliar treatments included the organosilicone adjuvant Freeway ® . Trees in containers were sprayed at 2-week intervals six times with one of the following foliar treatments: ascorbic acid alone (AA), citric acid (CA), sulphuric acid (SA), ascorbic acid plus FS (AA+Fe), citric acid plus FS (CA+Fe), or sulphuric acid plus FS (SA+Fe). Additional treatments were application of chelated Fe (EDDHA) as a soil drench applied once at the beginning of the treatment period or trees receiving no Fe (Control). Trees in the orchard were sprayed four times at 14- to 18-day intervals with one of the following treatments: AA, AA+Fe, CA+Fe or SA+Fe or soil drenched two times with chelated Fe (EDDHA) or the control. Leaf chlorophyll indices were determined with a SPAD meter. For trees in containers, SPAD, and leaf total and ferrous Fe content were significantly higher in trees receiving all foliar acid+Fe and EDDHA treatments compared to trees in the acid alone and control treatments. Similarly, SPAD values and leaf total and ferrous Fe content of leaves of orchard trees were significantly higher for all foliar acid+Fe treated leaves compared to EDDHA, AA, or control treatments. Economic analysis indicated that foliar applications of acid+Fe were 51% to 75% less costly than soil applications of EDDHA.
An analysis of leukemic cell chromosomal features in infants (1987)

Leukemic cell chromosomal findings in 27 infants were analyzed. Among the 18 cases of acute nonlymphoblastic leukemia (ANLL), all but two were classified as monocytic or myelomonocytic. The remaining nine cases were acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), seven lacking the common ALL antigen and two having cytoplasmic immunoglobulin (pre-B phenotype). Twenty-five cases (93%) had an abnormal karyotype, 21 (84%) being pseudodiploid. Chromosomal translocations were detected in 67% of the ANLL cases and in 78% of the ALL cases. Nonrandom chromosomal abnormalities included the t(9;11)(p21–22;q23) in three cases of monocytic leukemia, inversion of chromosome 16 in three cases of myelomonocytic leukemia with bone marrow eosinophilia, and t(4;11)(q21;q23) in one case of ALL. Chromosomal regions preferentially involved in infant leukemia included 11q23–25 (13 cases), 9p21–22 and 10p11–13. All but one of the 24 cases with chromosomal breakage or rearrangement had breakpoints that corresponded to known fragile sites, half of which were at 11q23–25, a finding that may have pathogenetic importance. The CALLA- or pre-B phenotype and the presence of chromosomal translocations in most infants with ALL provide a biological explanation for their poor prognosis.
Information theory of metasurfaces (2019)

We propose a theory to characterize the information and information processing abilities of metasurfaces, and demonstrate the relation between the information of the metasurface and its radiation pattern in the far-field region. By incorporating a general aperture model with uncertainty relation in <i>L</i> <sup>2</sup>-space, we propose a theory to predict the upper bound of information contained in the radiation pattern of a metasurface, and reveal the theoretical upper limit of orthogonal radiation states. The proposed theory also provides guidance for inverse design of the metasurface with respect to given functionalities. Through investigation of the information of disordered-phase modulated metasurfaces, we find the <i>information invariance</i> (1-γ, where <i>γ</i> is Euler's constant) of chaotic radiation patterns. That is to say, the information of the disordered-phase modulated radiation patterns is always equal to 1-<i>γ</i>, regardless of variations in size, the number of elements and the phase pattern of metasurface. This value might be the lower bound of radiation-pattern information of the metasurface, which can provide a theoretical limit for information modulation applications, including computational imaging, stealth technologies and wireless communications.
Network Agility Through Flexible Transponders (2007)

The emergence of on-demand and dynamic user services has led to a growing need for networks to be rapidly reconfigurable. To enable connections to be established without manual intervention, equipment such as transponders must be predeployed throughout the network, and the network must be flexible to configure this equipment as needed. One means of achieving network agility is through the deployment of advanced core optical switches. We discuss an alternative approach that uses flexible transponder and regenerator cards. The combination of flexible cards and relatively simple core switches can approach the full agility provided by more advanced switches
Control of infectious disease. (2012)

This chapter covers the control of infectious diseases in dairy herds. The key principles of infectious disease control that apply to all endemic infectious diseases when conducting herd health are highlighted. The control of Mycobacterium paratuberculosis (MAP or Johne's disease), bovine viral diarrhoea (BVD), infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR), bovine leptospirosis, bovine tuberculosis (bTB) and neosporosis is given focus.
Ideal observer analysis of detection in natural scenes (2010)

As part of a long term goal to understand visual search in natural scenes, we are currently investigating factors that limit target detection in natural backgrounds. Here we investigate how the statistical properties of natural images affect the behavior of a rational detector. We use a large number of natural image patches (∼300000) to train a PCA-based, k-nearest neighbor (NN) algorithm, where the task is to classify stimulus patches as either a natural patch + gabor target or a natural patch alone. We have some indirect evidence that this algorithm achieves near-optimal performance. First, the NN algorithm reaches near-optimal performance when detecting targets embedded in 1/f noise patches, and second, the detection accuracy of both the natural and 1/f noise NN classifiers asymptotes when the number of patches reaches 100000. In agreement with ideal-observer theory, we find that for gabor targets in 1/f noise (with no signal uncertainty), d' is a linear function of target contrast (Weibull slope parameter of 1.4). On the other hand, for gabor targets in natural scenes we find a change in psychometric function shape—d' shows a slight decelerating non-linearity as a function of target contrast (Weibull slope parameter of 1.0–1.2), which is opposite to the effect of target uncertainty. We are currently using a similar NN simulation technique to evaluate the effects of retinal filtering (eccentricity effects) and target uncertainty on the shape of the psychometric function for optimal detection in natural images.
Liquid phase epitaxial growth of perovskite (Bi,Na)TiO/sub 3/ and solid solutions on SrTiO/sub 3/ [001] substrates (2002)

Perovskite oxides of (Bi,Na)TiO/sub 3/ (BNT) and its solid solutions are possible substitutes for lead oxide based actuator materials. In this study, pure and doped BNT single crystals were grown on the [001] face of SrTiO/sub 3/ (ST) single crystal substrates in order to optimize the conditions for liquid phase epitaxial (LPE) growth. X-ray diffraction (XRD) indicated an epitaxial relationship between the grown NBT and ST substrates, with the a-axis of BNT (both tetragonal and rhombohedral) along a-axis of the ST substrates. Line broadening of the XRD pattern due to lattice mismatch was also observed. Polarized optical microscopy revealed that 90/spl deg/ domains were formed in the as-grown crystals. EDS mapping analyses indicated that interface between grown NBT and ST was compositionally sharp. After removing the substrates, electromechanical constants were evaluated.
α-Melanocyte Stimulating Hormone in Critically Injured Trauma Patients (2009)

The current study is the first to document significantly decreased alpha-MSH concentrations in critically injured trauma patients as compared with controls. Furthermore, alpha-MSH concentrations remained so throughout the study period.
Experimental and Analytical Study of Erosive Burning of Solid Propellants. (1979)

At Atlantic Research, erosive burning characteristics of eleven composite propellants were measured and found to agree well with predictions of a simplified first-generation model under most conditions. A second-generation more fundamental model for predicting burning rate versus pressure and cross flow velocity, given only compositional data, also yield predictions in close agreement with data. The most important parameter affecting crossflow sensitivity was no-cross flow burning rate, erosion sensitivity decreasing with increasing base rate. ARAP completed modifications to its SPEC model to enable calculation of cylindrical flows and performed preliminary evaluation for cold-flow simulations and erosive burning. Motor port diameter was identified as a key erosive burning scaling parameter through its effect on threshold conditions, and a simplified scaling relation was developed and verified. In addition, ARAP investigated the effects of combustion-turbulence interaction on predicted erosive burning. Penn State measured erosive burning rates of three AP-composite formulations in a device designed to give a well-defined turbulent boundary layer. The data agreed well with predictions made using a Penn State model based on a 2D turbulent boundary layer approach. Correlations relating burning rate to free stream velocity, and pressure were developed. The model was also extended to axisymmetric cylindrical port flow. (Author)
SPRUCE BARK HEMICELLULOSES AND PECTINS : EXTRACTION AND CHARACTERIZATION (2011)

In industrial spruce bark, up to 20 % of the dry mass consists of non-cellulosic polysaccharides. These polysaccharides can easily be extracted with pressurized hot water and have a large potential ...
Evaluation of a commercial monoclonal antibody-based enzyme immunoassay for detection of adenovirus types 40 and 41 in stool specimens (1989)

A commercial monoclonal antibody-based enzyme immunoassay (Adenoscreen; Mercia Diagnostics Ltd., Guildford, United Kingdom) for the detection of adenovirus types 40 and 41 in stool specimens was evaluated. Two assay modes were tested. In the first, 177 stool samples were screened for the presence of adenovirus type 40 or 41 (assay mode 1). Virus was detected in 79 of 82 specimens positive for adenovirus type 40 or 41 by a polyclonal antibody-based immune electron microscope test, giving a sensitivity of 96.3%. The enzyme immunoassay was negative in 91 of 95 stool samples which contained either other adenovirus serotypes or other viruses or were virus negative. The specificity was thus 95.8%. The positive and negative predictive values of this assay against immune electron microscopy were 95.2 and 96.8%, respectively, and the diagnostic accuracy was 96.0%. Viruses from the three false-negative enzyme immunoassay stool samples were verified as adenovirus type 40 or 41 by restriction enzyme analysis, monoclonal antibody-based immune electron microscopy, or both. Two of the three false-negative stool samples were subsequently concentrated by ultracentrifugation, and one of the two stool samples was then positive by enzyme immunoassay. The third false-negative virus was typed as adenovirus type 41 in the second (serotyping) enzyme immunoassay mode. The four enzyme immunoassay false-positive stool samples all contained other adenovirus serotypes (two were type 2, and two were type 5), but no cross-reactivity was seen with other strains of these serotypes and the results probably reflected simultaneous excretion of adenovirus type 40 or 41 with other adenovirus serotypes. In the second assay mode viruses from 15 stool samples were serotyped. The results by enzyme immunoassay (4 were type 40 and 11 were type 41) correlated completely with previous results from restriction endonuclease analyses. The commercial enzyme immunoassay system showed excellent sensitivity and specificity for the detection of adenovirus types 40 and 41 in stool specimens and will make an important contribution to the accurate diagnosis of adenovirus gastroenteritis.
Methodology to keep the same radiation efficiency while miniaturizing an antenna (2016)

This paper presents the miniaturization of an omnidirectional antenna while seeking to preserve its radiation efficiency. More specifically, the structure of a monopolar wire patch antenna is modified to maximize its radiation efficiency. A classical antenna is designed with typical dimensions of λ0/5xλ0/5xλ0/30 at 2.5 GHz and compared with the optimized structure presenting a volume reduced by 50%. Both structures exhibit same radiation efficiency level at 2.5 GHz. This technique studied by 3D electromagnetic simulation is then validated by the measurement results of prototypes.
Two-Phase Boundary Layer Prediction In Upward Boiling Flow (2004)

In the present work, the numerical modelling of the two-phase turbulent boundary layer in upward boiling flow was investigated. First, non-dimensional liquid velocity and temperature profiles in the two-phase boundary layer were validated on the one-dimensional section of a pipe with prescribed radial void fraction profiles. Simulations were performed on a fine grid with a commercial code CFX-5 using the k-ω turbulence model. A significant deviation of results from the analytical single-phase and two-phase wall functions from the literature was observed. Second, a wall boiling model in a vertical heated pipe was simulated (CFX-5) on the coarse grid. Here the prediction of the two-phase thermal boudary layer was compared to the experimental data, k-ω calculation on the fine grid and against the singlephase analytical wall function. Again a major deviation against single-phase temperature wall function was obtained. Presented analyses suggest that the existing analytical velocity and temperature wall functions cannot be valid for the boiling boundary layer with the high void fraction on the wall.
The design of a novel cryogenic nanomechanical and tribological properties instrumentation (2011)

Rapid development of high technologies has meant that more and more materials need to work under low temperature conditions. In the design of such systems involving thin surface layers, knowledge of the nano-/micromechanical and tribological properties is essential. Therefore, this research is directed at designing and manufacturing a novel cryo-nanomechanical instrument to probe the cryogenic nanomechanical and tribological properties of surfaces. To realise a new dimension to the NanoTest 600 platform, a sub-ambient temperature nanoindentation capability option has been designed specifically to produce accurate basic material properties such as hardness H and Young's modulus E and H/E for the design and property prediction of advanced surface engineered systems. A specially designed purging system has been employed to combat the condensation of water vapour and formation of ice on the samples surfaces at low temperatures, and a localised indenter/sample cooling system was designed with ultra low vibration to aid in the creation of this advanced testing technique. The system has been validated by testing on fused silica carried out at a full range of sub-ambient temperatures. Results presented have shown that the tests performed match the National Institute for Standards and Technology experimental data. Optimum parameters are presented for purging times and gas flow parameters which give accurate reproducibility on the standard sample. The capability of this novel cryo-nanomechanical instrument is demonstrated by way of examples including creep behaviour of bulk polypropylene at sub-ambient temperatures and low temperature mechanical (H and E) and tribological (abrasive wear) properties of diamond-like carbon coatings. This new equipment can provide important materials data for such high technologies as space technology, cryogenic machining, superconductivity and now the booming hydrogen technology.
Interactions of CDKAL1 rs7747752 polymorphism and serum levels of L-carnitine and choline are related to increased risk of gestational diabetes mellitus (2022)

The CC or CG genotype carriers in rs7747752 of CDKAL1 who have a low serum level of L-carnitine or choline are at a particular high risk of GDM. Randomized controlled trials are warranted to test the effect of supplement of L-carnitine or choline on the risk of GDM in the high-risk group.
Quantitative Fluorescein Angiographic Analysis of Choroidal Neovascular Membranes: Validation and Correlation with Visual Function (2006)

The markers of dynamic change in area and intensity of fluorescence exhibited stronger relationships with visual function than did area measurements alone.