gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Galactose-modified duocarmycin prodrugs as senolytics (2019)

SUMMARY Senescence is a stable growth arrest that impairs the replication of damaged, old or preneoplastic cells, therefore contributing to tissue homeostasis. Senescent cells accumulate during ageing and are associated with diseases, such as cancer, fibrosis and many age-related pathologies. Recent evidence suggests that the selective elimination of senescent cells can be effective on the treatment of many of these senescence-associated diseases. A universal characteristic of senescent cells is that they display elevated activity of the lysosomal β-galactosidase this has been exploited as a marker for senescence (senescence-associated β-galactosidase activity). Consequently, we hypothesised that galactose-modified cytotoxic prodrugs will be preferentially processed by senescent cells, resulting in their selective killing. Here, we show that different galactose-modified duocarmycin (GMD) derivatives preferentially kill senescent cells. GMD prodrugs induce selective apoptosis of senescent cells in a lysosomal β-galactosidase (GLB1)-dependent manner. GMD prodrugs can eliminate a broad range of senescent cells in culture, and treatment with a GMD prodrug enhances the elimination of bystander senescent cells that accumulate upon whole body irradiation or doxorubicin treatment of mice. Moreover, taking advantage of a mouse model of human adamantinomatous craniopharyngioma (ACP), we show that treatment with a GMD pro-drug result selectively reduced the number of β-catenin-positive preneoplastic senescent cells, what could have therapeutic implications. In summary, the above results show that galactose-modified duocarmycin prodrugs behave as senolytics, suggesting that they could be used to treat a wide range of senescence-related pathologies.
The AVMA's definitions of antimicrobial uses for prevention, control, and treatment of disease (2019)

Recent state and federal legislative actions and current recommendations from the World Health Organization seem to suggest that, when it comes to antimicrobial stewardship, use of antimicrobials for prevention, control, or treatment of disease can be ranked in order of appropriateness, which in turn has led, in some instances, to attempts to limit or specifically oppose the routine use of medically important antimicrobials for prevention of disease. In contrast, the AVMA Committee on Antimicrobials believes that attempts to evaluate the degree of antimicrobial stewardship on the basis of therapeutic intent are misguided and that use of antimicrobials for prevention, control, or treatment of disease may comply with the principles of antimicrobial stewardship. It is important that veterinarians and animal caretakers are clear about the reason they may be administering antimicrobials to animals in their care. Concise definitions of prevention, control, and treatment of individuals and populations are necessary to avoid confusion and to help veterinarians clearly communicate their intentions when prescribing or recommending antimicrobial use.
Chemical, Textural and Sensory Characteristics of Precooked, Restructured Lamb Shoulder Roasts as Influenced by Grinding Method, Salt Level and Vacuum Massage Time (1989)

ABSTRACT The influence of level of grind (kidney plate only vs kidney plate plus coarse grinding 25% of raw meat weight), salt level (0.5 vs 1.0%) and vacuum massage time (1.0 vs 1.5 hr) on the chemical, textural and sensory characteristics of precooked, restructured lamb shoulder roasts were studied. Grinding method of kidney plate only decreased the fat content of the cooked product, while the higher salt level (SL) resulted in roasts with higher moisture and lower protein. Calories were reduced by 5% when 1.0% SL roasts were vacuum‐massaged for 1.5 vs 1.0 hr. Increasing level of grind and SL decreased cooking losses and increased objective chewiness. Flavor differences were detected by sensory analysis due to the addition of coarse ground trimmings to lean ground through a kidney plate only.
Minimization of Sum Inverse Energy Efficiency for Multiple Base Station Systems (2020)

A sum inverse energy efficiency (SIEE) minimization problem is solved. Compared with conventional sum energy efficiency (EE) maximization problems, minimizing SIEE achieves a better fairness. The paper begins by proposing a framework for solving sum-fraction minimization (SFMin) problems, then uses a novel transform to solve the SIEE minimization problem in a multiple base station (BS) system. After the reformulation into a multi-convex problem, the alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM) is used to further simplify the problem. Numerical results confirm the efficiency of the transform and the fairness improvement of the SIEE minimization. Simulation results show that the algorithm convergences fast and the ADMM method is efficient.
Coronary microembolization does not induce acute preconditioning against infarction in pigs?the role of adenosine (2004)

ME released adenosine into the vasculature and increased coronary blood flow. The failure of iADO to increase with ME possibly explains the lack of protection against infarction after ME.
Correction of accelerated autoimmune disease by early replacement of the mutated lpr gene with the normal Fas apoptosis gene in the T cells of transgenic MRL-lpr/lpr mice. (1994)

MRL-lpr/lpr mice develop a generalized autoimmune disease which includes increased autoantibody production, glomerulonephritis, and development of lymphadenopathy. The lpr genetic defect has been identified as a mutation in the Fas apoptosis gene that results in low expression of Fas mRNA. To determine the significance of the lpr mutation and T cells in the development of the autoimmune disease, we constructed transgenic MRL-lpr/lpr mice using a full-length murine Fas cDNA under the regulation of the T-cell-specific CD2 promoter and enhancer. Here we show that the early correction of the lpr gene defect in T cells eliminates glomerulonephritis and development of lymphadenopathy and decreases the levels of autoantibodies. In this model, early correction of the lpr defect in T cells is sufficient to eliminate the acceleration of autoimmune disease even in the presence of B cells and other cells that express the mutant lpr gene.
Development and Evaluation of an Actuated MRI-Compatible Robotic System for MRI-Guided Prostate Intervention (2011)

This paper reports the design, development, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) compatibility evaluation of an actuated transrectal prostate robot for MRI-guided needle intervention in the prostate. The robot performs actuated needle MRI-guidance with the goals of providing (i) MRI compatibility, (ii) MRI-guided needle placement with accuracy sufficient for targeting clinically significant prostate cancer foci, (iii) reducing interventional procedure times (thus increasing patient comfort and reducing opportunity for needle targeting error due to patient motion), (iv) enabling real-time MRI monitoring of interventional procedures, and (v) reducing the opportunities for error that arise in manually actuated needle placement. The design of the robot, employing piezo-ceramic-motor actuated needle guide positioning and manual needle insertion, is reported. Results of a MRI compatibility study show no reduction of MRI signal-to-noise-ratio (SNR) with the motors disabled. Enabling the motors reduces the SNR by 80% without RF shielding, but SNR is only reduced by 40% to 60% with RF shielding. The addition of radio-frequency shielding is shown to significantly reduce image SNR degradation caused by the presence of the robotic device. An accuracy study of MRI-guided biopsy needle placements in a prostate phantom is reported. The study shows an average in-plane targeting error of 2.4 mm with a maximum error of 3.7 mm. These data indicate the system's needle targeting accuracy is similar to that obtained with a previously reported manually actuated system, and is sufficient to reliably sample clinically significant prostate cancer foci under MRI-guidance.
Chromatin Immunoprecipitation to Identify Global Targets of WRKY Transcription Factor Family Members Involved in Plant Immunity (2011)

The completion of the alfalfa, Arabidopsis, papaya, poplar, and rice genome sequences along with ongoing sequencing projects of various crop species, offers an excellent opportunity to study gene expression at the whole genome level and to unravel the complexity of gene networks underlying the reprogramming of plant defense toward pathogen challenge. Gene expression in eukaryotic cells is mainly controlled by regulatory elements that recruit transcription factors (TFs) to modulate transcriptional outputs. Therefore, methods allowing the identification of all cognate TF binding sites (TFBS) within the regulatory regions of target genes on a genome-wide basis are the next obvious step to elucidate the plant defense transcriptome. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) is one such powerful technique for analyzing functional cis-regulatory DNA elements. The ChIP assay allows the identification of specific regulatory DNA regions associated with trans-acting regulatory factors in vivo. ChIP assays can provide spatial and temporal snapshots of the regulatory components involved in reprogramming host gene expression upon pathogen ingress. Moreover, the use of ChIP-enriched DNA for hybridization to tiling microarrays (ChIP-chip) or for direct sequencing (ChIP-Seq) by means of massively parallel sequencing technology has expanded this methodology to address global changes in gene expression.
Isoflurane produces only minor preconditioning in coronary artery bypass grafting (2004)

Administration of isoflurane prior to commencing CPB may bring an improvement in early hemodynamic performance after CABG operations.
Research and analysis of the Virtual Reality with FLARToolKit (2011)

Currently most technologies used by virtual studio systems are extended applications of Virtual Reality (VR) technologies. But for small TV stations and web stations, virtual studio based on traditional VR is so expensive while the FLARToolKit technology used by Augmented Reality (AR) technologies is their top option. However, the calculation speed of FLARToolKit is a little slow and the frame rate is very difficult to reach the live broadcasting video level. My improvements are to apply adaptive thresholds, use sample blurring and change identification frequency, which solves the shortcomings and makes the Virtual Studio faster and better.
Chalcocite Oxidation and Coupled Carbon Dioxide Fixation by Thiobacillus ferrooxidans (1972)

The reaction of cell suspensions of Thiobacillus ferrooxidans with pulverized chalcocite (Cu(2)S) in a Warburg manometric apparatus resulted in oxygen uptake accompanied by increased solubilization of copper and fixation of carbon dioxide. Since the only detectable oxidized products were cupric ions and the more oxidized form of the sulfide mineral, that is, digenite or covellite, the apparent source of energy for the carbon dioxide fixation was provided by the oxidation of the cuprous copper of the chalcocite.
Percutaneous Reconstruction of the Aortoiliac Bifurcation with the “Kissing Stents” Technique: Long-term Follow-up in 106 Patients (2002)

Based on our experience, aortoiliac endovascular reconstruction with the kissing stents technique is a safe and effective procedure, representing an alternative to conventional surgery in selected patients.
A Review on understanding Brain, and Memory Retention and Recall Processes using EEG and fMRI techniques (2019)

Human memory -- the learning of new information involves changes at the synaptic level between neurons dedicated for storage of in-formation. Generally, memory is classified as Long-Term Memory and Short-Term Memory. The various types of the memory and their disorder are widely studied using neuroimaging techniques like Electroencephalography (EEG) and functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI). Brain is effectively occupied with the capabilities of learning, retention and recall. The brain regions (pre-frontal cortex, associated hippocampus cortices and their interactions with other lobes) involved in memory recall tasks focuses on understanding the memory retention and recall processes. However, due to highly complicated and dynamic mechanisms of brain, the specific regions where information may reside are not completely explored. In this research paper, recent memory literature using EEG and fMRI studies is reviewed to understand the memory retention and recall processes as well as the various brain regions associated with these processes. A number of stimuli which are reported in previous studies are evaluated and discussed. Furthermore, the challenges which are being faced by researchers in EEG and fMRI methodologies are also presented. Recommendations for the future research related to memory retention and recall are also discussed at the end.
Melphalan‐induced chromosome damage in sensitive and resistant human melanoma cell lines (1978)

Twelve consecutive treatments of a human melanoma cell line (MM253) with melphalan gave a subline (MM253-12M) which was five times more resistant to melphalan with respect to survival. In contrast to mustard-resistant rodent cells, the MM253-12M line had a higher stemline number than the parent line while growth rate and cell and colony morphology were unchanged. A further melphalan treatment following attempted mutagenesis with UV did not increase resistance. In a comparison of these two lines with two melanoma lines derived from other patients and the rat XC line, resistance was correlated with lower frequency of melphalan-induced chromosome aberrations, determined 48 h after a 4-h exposure to melphalan (3 microgram/ml). In the two cell lines studied, aberration-free metaphase cells from treated culture had fewer chromosomes than untreated cells. DNA synthesis studied in the 4- to 72-h period after treatment was inhibited to the same extent in MM253 and MM253-12M cells at 4 microgram/ml but to a greater extent in the sensitive line at 0.1-1.5 microgram/ml. During the first hour of treatment at 0.1-1.5 microgram/ml, DNA synthesis in MM253 appeared to be enhanced.
The Extent to Which Lipid Nanoparticles Require Apolipoprotein E and Low-Density Lipoprotein Receptor for Delivery Changes with Ionizable Lipid Structure (2022)

Lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) have delivered therapeutic RNA to hepatocytes in humans. Adsorption of apolipoprotein E (ApoE) onto these clinical LNP-mRNA drugs has been shown to facilitate hepatocyte entry via the low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR). Since ApoE-LDLR trafficking is conserved in mice, non-human primates, and humans, characterizing this mechanism eased clinical transition. Recently, LNPs have delivered mRNA to non-hepatocytes in mice and non-human primates, suggesting they can target new cell types via ApoE- and LDLR-independent pathways. To test this hypothesis, we quantified how 60 LNPs delivered mRNA with cell type resolution in wild-type mice and three knockout mouse strains related to lipid trafficking: ApoE<sup>-/-</sup>, LDLR<sup>-/-</sup>, and PCSK9<sup>-/-</sup>. These data suggest that the hydrophobic tail length of diketopiperazine-based lipids can be changed to drive ApoE- and LDLR-independent delivery <i>in vivo</i>. More broadly, the results support the hypothesis that endogenous LNP trafficking can be tuned by modifying lipid chemistry.
Use of fully covered self-expanding metal biliary stents for managing endoscopic biliary sphincterotomy related bleeding (2021)

<b>Background and study aims </b> Endoscopic biliary sphincterotomy (EBS) related-bleeding is a common adverse event related to endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP). Traditionally, endoscopic modalities such as epinephrine injection, cauterization, and balloon tamponade have been used for management. Recently, use of a fully covered self-expandable metal stent (FCSEMS) to manage EBS-related bleeding has gained popularity. However, data regarding its use are limited to small case series. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of FCSEMS placement for the treatment of EBS-related bleeding. <b>Patients and methods </b> All patients referred to our center from October 2014 to November 2019 who had an FCSEMS placed for EBS-related bleeding were included. FCSEMS was placed either for primary control of bleeding or after failure of other traditional endoscopic hemostasis techniques at the discretion of the endoscopist. Data was collected regarding patient demographics, procedural characteristics, clinical and technical success rates of FCSEMS, as well as adverse events. <b>Results </b> A total of 97 patients underwent placement of FCSEMS for EBS-related bleeding, of which 76.3 % had immediate bleeding and 23.7 % had delayed bleeding. Mean age was 67.2 years and 47.4 % were males. Seven patients who had immediate EBS-related bleeding at index ERCP underwent other endoscopic therapies prior to placement of FCSEMS for rebleeding. The technical success rate for FCSEMS placement was 100 % and the rebleeding rate was 6.2 %. Four patients with FCSEMS placement developed pancreatitis and four had stent migration. <b>Conclusions </b> Our findings suggest that FCSEMS is a highly effective treatment modality for managing EBS-related bleeding and has an acceptable safety profile.
Improving S-MSCKF With Variational Bayesian Adaptive Nonlinear Filter (2020)

In recent years, multi-sensor fusion has been paid a great attention and is widely applied to simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM), e.g. Visual-Inertial Odometry (VIO). However, in the most of previous works the observation noise of sensor is assumed to be Gaussian with invariant constant mean and covariance, which is not the case actually. In this paper, a variational Bayesian adaptive algorithm is proposed to improve the performance of visual-inertial odometry, where covariance of observation noise is modeled as inverse-Wishart distribution with harmonic mean so that observation noise is non-Gaussian. Besides, unscented transformation is utilized to handle the nonlinear system problem. The proposed algorithm is applied to the framework of stereo multi-state constraint Kalman filter system (S-MSCKF), which is a state-of-the-art VIO system with low computational cost and good robustness. Extensive experiments are performed on simulation data and open source datasets. The results demonstrate that our proposed algorithm is more robust and accurate compared with S-MSCKF.
IDENTIFIKASI MINERAL LEMPUNG PADA ENDAPAN HIDROTERMAL PROSPEK TABOBO-MALIFUT, HALMAHERA UTARA PROVINSI MALUKU UTARA (2018)

Daerah penelitian terletak di Desa Tabobo, Kecamatan Malifut, Kabupaten Halmahera Utara, Provinsi Maluku Utara. Daerah penelitian juga merupakan bagian dari areal ekplorasi (IUP) PT. Beringin Halmahera Mineral. Secara geografis, daerah penelitian terletak pada koordinat 127049’- 127047’19 BT dan 1011’-1011’ LU. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi mineral-mineral lempung yang terdapat di lokasi Tabobo. Metode penelitian yang dilakukan adalah survey lapangan, analisis laboratorium berupa analisis petrografi dan X-Ray Diffraction. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian di lapangan dan analisis laboratorium, teridentifikasi mineral-mineral lempung seperti klorit, smektit montmorillonit, halloysit dan kaolinit. Hasil ini dapat dikatakan bahwa tipe alterasi mineral lempung Tabobo lebih menunjukkan pada tipe mineralisasi epitermal sulfida rendah. Kata kunci: Tabobo, Lempung, Mineral.
STO/BTO Modulated Superlattice Multilayer Structures with Atomically Sharp Interfaces (2014)

A comparative study is carried out investigating the microstructure and the electrical properties of Ba x Sr 1‐x TiO 3 films with x = (0.25, 0.5, 0.75) deposited as modulated superlattice (SL) multilayer structures by laser ablation on both LaAlO 3 and MgO substrates. The SL structures are examined using high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy and scanning transmission electron microscopy . Their interfaces and chemical composition are investigated using energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy, complemented with electron energy loss spectra analysis performed to give insight to the local chemistry, structure and bonding. It is found that all modulated SL samples consisted of continuous well defined 1 nm SrTiO 3 and 4 nm BaTiO 3 layers. When modulated SL multilayered structures are compared with their single target deposited equivalents, they exhibit similar electrical properties (e.g. dielectric constant and dielectric loss) but undergo phase transition in a broader temperature region. A very important observation is that the oxygen K‐edges in SrTiO 3 and BaTiO 3 layers are distinctive. Therefore it can be used as finger‐print signature for analysis of ultra‐thin SrTiO 3 /BaTiO 3 layers and their interfaces. Finally it is demonstrated that by varying the modulation period it is possible to develop structures with engineered ferroelectric properties and improved thermal stability.
ADEL FEDOROVNA HAMMERMANN (1888-1978) (2020)

Thanks to Nina Vladimirovna Bespalova for the active support of the present essay. She cherishes the memory of her grandmother Adele Fedorovna Hammermann all her life, a scientist who opened the way for women to the scientific community of Russian pharmacists. A.F. Hammermann became one of the leading specialists in pharmacognosy, the founder of the school for the study of Tibetan traditional medicine in Russia. For almost half a century, Adel Fedorovna's life was inextricably linked with the present Saint Petersburg State Chemical and Pharmaceutical University. Here she first studied, and then taught and headed the Department of Pharmacognosy. A.F. Hammermann has become one of those dedicated scientists that the Russian pharmaceutical school is proud of, and generations of university students have learned from her unique scientific heritage. In the essay, based on materials from the home archive and the memoirs of teachers who at different times worked at the Department of Pharmacognosy of the University, we managed to describe the main milestones in the life path and scientific achievements of Adele Fedorovna Hammermann. In the future, the authors of the essay hope to collect additional materials about this amazing woman and publish them in a separate edition.
A Systematic Method for Validation of Gas Exchange Measurements (1982)

The measurement of gas exchange is useful, but thus far, has not been practical during the mechanical ventilation of critically ill patients. To validate two new commercial instruments, (Siemens-Elema Servo Ventilator 900B, Beckman Metabolic Cart), the authors constructed a lung model into which they delivered CO2 and N2 at precise rates to simulate Co2 production (Vco2) and O2 consumption (Vos). The model consists of 13.5-1 gas jar with an attached one liter anesthesia bag. The lung model was ventilated at present tidal volumes and frequencies. The authors also compared the measured respiratory quotient (RQ) with the known RQ of burning methanol (RQ = 0.67) in the jar. When the model was ventilated with levels of tidal volume and gas exchange applicable to adults, both instruments measured V02 within 5 to 13% of predicted values. Varying the FI02 did not significantly affect this accuracy. At tidal volumes below 350 ml, the difference increased between predicted VCO2 and measured VCO2. The difference between measured vs. the actual RQ of methanol was 5 and 1.5% in the Siemens-Elema and Beckman Systems, respectively.