gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Thermoelastic damping in fine-grained polysilicon flexural beam resonators (2002)

The design and fabrication of polysilicon flexural beam resonators with very high mechanical quality factors (Q) is essential for many MEMS applications. Based on an extension of the well-established theory of thermoelastic damping in homogeneous beams, we present closed-form expressions to estimate an upper bound on the attainable quality factors of polycrystalline beam resonators with thickness (h) much larger than the average grain size (d). Associated with each of these length scales is an independent damping mechanism; we refer to them as Zener and intracrystalline thermoelastic damping, respectively. For representative polysilicon beam resonators (h = 2 /spl mu/m; d = 0.1 /spl mu/m) at 300 K, the predicted critical frequencies for these two mechanisms are /spl sim/7 MHz and /spl sim/14 GHz, respectively. The model is consistent with data from the literature in the sense that the measured values approach, but do not exceed, the calculated thermoelastic limit. From the viewpoint of the maximum attainable Q, our model suggests that single-crystal silicon, rather than fine-grained polysilicon, is the material of choice for the fabrication of flexural beam resonators for applications in the gigahertz frequency range.
Image reconstruction in SPECT with a half detector (2002)

In parallel beam computed tomography, the measured projections at conjugate views are mathematically identical, and, consequently, this symmetry can be exploited for reducing either the scanning angle or the size of the detector arrays. However, in single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), because the gamma-rays in the conjugate views suffer different photon attenuation, the measured projections at conjugate views are generally different. Therefore, it had been widely considered that projections measured data over a full angular range of 360 degrees and over the whole detector face are generally required for exactly reconstructing the distributions of gamma-ray emitters. Recently, it has been revealed that exact image can be reconstructed from projections acquired with a full detector over disjoint angular intervals whose summation is 180 degree when the attenuation medium is uniform. In this work, we show that exact SPECT images can also be reconstructed from projections over 360 degrees, but acquired with a half detector viewing half of the image space. We present an heuristic perspective that supports this claim for SPECT with both uniform and non-uniform attenuation.
Robust and In-Situ Self-Testing Technique for Monitoring Device Aging Effects in Pipeline Circuits (2014)

Runtime monitoring of aging effects in pipeline circuits is the key to dynamic reliability management techniques which can maximize the performance and energy-efficiency under a reliability envelope without imposing worst-case margin. The existing monitoring techniques are, however, severely limited: for sensor-based techniques, monitoring accuracy is significantly compromised due to the mismatches in aging conditions between sensors and the target circuits, as well as random variation of aging effects; for in-situ techniques, measurement results are sensitive to environmental variations during test phases, also severely reducing monitoring accuracy. We propose a new technique that enables accurate in-situ aging monitoring even under large environmental variations by (i) scaling the supply voltage for temperature-insensitive delay and (ii) reconfiguring target paths into ring oscillators, whose oscillation periods are measured and compared to pre-aging measurement to estimate aging-induced delay degradations. With additional accuracy-improving strategies, the technique achieves highly-accurate monitoring with an error of 15.5% across the temperature variations in self-test phases from 0°C to 80°C, exhibiting >30× improvement in accuracy as compared to the conventional technique operating at nominal supply voltage.
ChemInform Abstract: Organometallic Ring‐Opening Reactions of N‐Acyl and N‐Alkoxycarbonyl Lactams. Synthesis of Cyclic Imines. (1989)

Abstract The N‐acylated lactams (III) are cleaved upon reaction with organometallic agents such as the Grignard compounds (IV), yielding the N‐acylamino carbonyl compounds (V) which are sometimes accompanied by the esters (VId) ‐ (VIf).
可编程逻辑支持强大的片上系统(SOC)解决方案 (2002)

Virtex(tm)-Ⅱ系列FPGA产品将可编程逻辑的地位提升到一个新水平。通过在单块FPGA器件中提供包括嵌入式处理器、逻辑电路和存储器在内的完整系统能力,可编程逻辑可支持一种强大且非常灵活的片上系统设计新解决方案。Virtex-Ⅱ FPGA为当今的硬件加速图像处理和总体系统管理提供了一个终极平台,同时对于范围广泛的应用都具有很高的价值和吸引力。
A UML-based object-oriented framework development methodology (2002)

Recently, object-oriented (OO) frameworks have been known to be highly effective and practical for software reuse; as shown in San Francisco project, a large-scaled industry project for framework development. However, systematic development process and detailed instructions for building OO frameworks have not been studied enough. In addition, it has not been clearly defined how to apply OMG's Unified Modeling Language (UML) in building OO frameworks. In this paper, we propose a practical OO development process that extends UML notations and semantics. The proposed process consists of four typical software development phases; analysis, design, implementation and testing, and each phase is defined as a logical sequence of development tasks. In order to help the seamless migration from one task to subsequent tasks, we provide instructions for carrying out tasks. Since the proposed process is based on UML diagrams and the basic objectory process, we believe that OO frameworks can be more efficiently developed by utilizing the proposed process, and higher quality OO frameworks can be produced. In order to show the applicability and effectiveness of the process, we present a case study of electronic commerce application.
Electric Field Effects on the Lifetimes of States Detected in Zero Electron Kinetic Energy Experiments (1996)

Lifetime measurements are reported for zero-electron-kinetic-energy (ZEKE) states of benzene, using a novel technique which measures relative intensity losses tens of microseconds after laser excitation. The influence of electric fields on the measured lifetimes, present during laser excitation and present through delayed pulsed field ionization, were investigated. It is demonstrated that the presence or the absence of an electric field during laser excitation has a dramatic effect on the formation of ZEKE states, however, has no measurable effect on their late time (12−24 μs) decay rates. It is also demonstrated that the presence of an electric field, applied after laser excitation and through delayed pulsed field ionization, leads to a significant enhancement in the late time component of the ZEKE state lifetime. Lifetime measurements repeated on deuterobenzene were found to be identical to those determined for benzene, suggesting the absence of any isotope effects.
Using Electrons Stored on Quantized Capacitors in Electron Transfer Reactions (1999)

Monolayer-protected clusters (MPCs) of gold with a majority composition of [CH3(CH2)6S]50Au145 have been synthesized. Solutions of this material in a toluene−acetonitrile solvent, containing a supporting electrolyte, are shown to display quantized double layer capacitance charging in differential pulse voltammetry experiments. These solutions can also be electrolytically charged to controllable potentials, and the average number of electrons (or holes) stored on the metal-like MPC cores can be estimated from the pattern of single-electron quantized charging peaks. The charged solutions are stable for hours. The charged MPCs can also be isolated in dried form, and retain most of their charge upon redissolution. The electronic charge on the MPC cores can be employed to carry out redox reactions with electron acceptor and donor molecules, such as ethylferrocene and TCNQ. These reactions proceed in a predictable and quantifiable way. Charged MPCs also undergo electron transfer reactions when mixed with solutions of differently charged MPCs, and the potential of the resulting solutions is completely consistent with Nernstian predictions. In the use of double layer charges to carry out redox transformations, these experiments illustrate a more quantitative capability than has been previously described.
Tuesday, December 19, 1710 (2015)

A summary is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. Please use the Get access link above for information on how to access this content.
Prospects for Low Earth Orbit Individual and Swarm Smallsat Position, Navigation and Timing Without GNSS (2022)

We consider the ability to determine position and motion precisely of a single LEO satellite carrying an RF receiver, without GNSS. Observables are RF (frequency) measurements of narrow band or unmodulated terrestrial beacons. We consider requirements such as LO frequency accuracy of 10-12 (relative deviation), position accuracy of 0.1 m, and velocity accuracy of 1 mm/sec. If GNSS were available, typical timing accuracy in space is around 10 ns and position accuracy is several meters at best – and therefore GNSS alone does not meet the time or space accuracy requirements. We also consider the case where GNSS is denied or otherwise unavailable. Critical issues are the stability of the local oscillators on board the spacecraft, the stability of the beacon frequencies, the accuracy of as-received frequency measurements, the spatial distributions of the beacons around the globe, and accuracy of the orbital propagation. As-emitted transmitter frequencies are not required to be known, except approximately so that the Doppler-shifted signals can be tuned. With accurate orbital modeling, and with an orbital average of 1 or 2 beacons in view, the single vehicle case supports position measurement accuracy better than what is obtainable with raw GNSS measurements. In the swarm case, when vehicle attitudes are measured accurately with star trackers and a sufficient quantity and quality of inter-vehicle measurements are available, the relative timing, positions and motions of the vehicles can be determined to greater precision than what is possible for a single spacecraft, due to the redundancy of measurements. Adding realism to the spacecraft clock model and the orbital propagator accuracy results in the single-vehicle position and velocity potentially better to what is achievable with high quality GNSS-based systems.
ChemInform Abstract: Hydroxyiminoisoquinolin‐3(2H)‐ones. Part 7. Rearrangement of 4‐Hydroxyimino‐1,4‐dihydroisoquinolin‐3(2H)‐ones Under Wolff‐Semmler‐Type Reaction Conditions. (1987)

Abstract The title reaction of the oximes (I) affords the 4‐acetylamino derivatives (II).
The Therapist, an Expert Witness in a Custody Case: (1983)

AbstractA case study of the role of an occupational therapist as an expert witness in a custody hearing of an abused child is presented. The court process is described and suggestions are provided for appropriate preparation for therapists who may be asked for court testimony.
Formal Synthesis of (-)-Balanol (2007)

Aggarwal and co-workers developed a method for the conversion of various amino aldehydes and ketones into the corresponding epoxide- and aziridine-fused heterocycles. This method was used for the construction of hexa­hydroazepine J, a key intermediate in a previous synthesis of the protein kinase C inhibitor (-)-balanol (D. Tanner et al. Tetrahedron 1997, 53, 4857-4868).
Learning Vehicle Surrounding-aware Lane-changing Behavior from Observed Trajectories (2018)

Predicting lane-changing intentions has long been a very active area of research in the autonomous driving community. However, most of the literature has focused on individual vehicles and did not consider both the neighbor information and the accumulated effects of vehicle history trajectories when making the predictions. We propose to apply a surrounding-aware LSTM algorithm for predicting the intention of a vehicle to perform a lane change that takes advantage of both vehicle past trajectories and their neighbor's current states. We trained the model on real-world lane changing data and were able to show in simulation that these two components can lead not only to higher accuracy, but also to earlier lane-changing prediction time, which plays an important role in potentially improving the autonomous vehicle's overall performance.
Solution NMR structure of the 30S ribosomal protein S28E from Pyrococcus horikoshii (2003)

Abstract We report NMR assignments and solution structure of the 71‐residue 30S ribosomal protein S28E from the archaean Pyrococcus horikoshii , target JR19 of the Northeast Structural Genomics Consortium. The structure, determined rapidly with the aid of automated backbone resonance assignment (AutoAssign) and automated structure determination (AutoStructure) software, is characterized by a four‐stranded β‐sheet with a classic Greek‐key topology and an oligonucleotide/oligosaccharide β‐barrel (OB) fold. The electrostatic surface of S28E exhibits positive and negative patches on opposite sides, the former constituting a putative binding site for RNA. The 13 C‐terminal residues of the protein contain a consensus sequence motif constituting the signature of the S28E protein family. Surprisingly, this C‐terminal segment is unstructured in solution.
Whole exome-sequencing of vitiligo lesions indicate lower burden of somatic variations: implications in risk for non-melanoma skin cancers (2022)

Abstract Mapping of somatic variations has enabled understanding the progression of clonal variations from healthy skin to cutaneous malignancies. Highlighting, the adaptive nature of pigmentation, germline mutations in albinism amplify skin cancer susceptibility. However, lower incidence of non-melanoma skin cancer among subjects with acquired depigmenting skin disorder vitiligo is enigmatic and a matter of longstanding debate. To address this, we performed high-coverage exome sequencing of matched non-lesional and lesional vitiligo skin along with whole blood to account for germline variations. Our analysis suggests lower burden of somatic cancer-associated variations in exposed depigmented lesional skin compared to the non-lesional skin. A detailed investigation of vitiligo skin transcriptome reveals elevation of DNA repair and cell-proliferation pathways. Validation by comet-assay for DNA damage and cell cycle analysis of epidermal cells suggest undamaged DNA in vitiligo lesions that could be attributed to higher proliferation-coupled repair. Endorsing this, UV-signature variations are not prominent, instead SBS5 associated with endogenous mutational processes is conspicuous in both the vitiligo tissues. Our systematic pilot study indicates lower somatic mutation burden in vitiligo skin and supports the earlier demographic observation on lower risk of non-melanoma skin cancer in vitiligo subjects, providing an opportunity to learn strategies for cancer prevention from vitiligo. Brief Summary Vitiligo skin harbors decreased somatic variation burden in cancer-associated genes and a concomitant augmentation in DNA repair response, explaining the lower incidence of cutaneous malignancies.
Knowledge Regarding HPV and Head and Neck Cancer (2012)

Objective Compare the knowledge of the relationship between HPV and head and neck cancer (HNCA) in 3 unique populations: NASCAR race attendees, undergraduates, and medical students. Compare the self‐reported level of information disseminated by healthcare providers regarding HPV and HNCA, respectively. Method A 21‐item questionnaire was administered to 490 NASCAR race attendees, 186 undergraduate students, and 158 medical students. The survey assessed their knowledge regarding the relationship between HPV and HNCA using a Likert scale. The survey also assessed the level of information disseminated by healthcare providers regarding HPV and HNCA. Results NASCAR attendees evidenced significantly ( P &lt;. 001, η 2 =. 10) lower levels of knowledge of the relationship between HPV and cervical cancer than college or medical students. NASCAR attendees evidenced significantly ( P &lt;. 001, η 2 =. 02) lower levels of knowledge regarding relationship between HPV and HNCA than medical students or undergraduates. NASCAR attendees reported receiving significantly ( P &lt;. 001, η 2 =. 10) higher levels of information regarding HNCA compared to college or medical students. Undergraduates and medical students reported receiving significantly ( P &lt;. 001, η 2 =. 02) higher levels of information from healthcare providers about HPV than NASCAR attendees. Conclusion Significant group differences concerning knowledge of the relationship between HPV and cervical cancer and between HPV and HNCA were detected. However, all 3 groups demonstrated higher levels of knowledge of the relationship between HPV and cervical cancer compared to HPV’s relationship with HNCA.
Reduction of duty cycle distortion through bandpass filtering (2005)

Band-pass filtering is shown to attenuate duty cycle distortion in digital signals. Duty cycle distortion is separated into low and high frequency components in order to identify multiple methods of suppression. Frequency and time domain approaches are used to verify the effectiveness of the proposed band-pass filter. Power spectral estimation and eye diagrams are compared as two means for observing the condition of the signal at various points in the signaling link. The advantages of the power spectral density approach are demonstrated through simulation.
PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases: Ten years of progress in neglected tropical disease control and elimination … More or less (2017)

This year PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases (PLOS NTDs) celebrates its tenth anniversary following the publication of the first issue in 2007 [1]. When PLOS NTDs was founded, the framework of the neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) as an alternative to "other diseases" (as they were then referred to in the Millennium Development Goals) was just getting started-especially for Africa [2, 3]. In the decade since, PLOS NTDs has overseen enormous successes in NTD control and elimination. Here, we want to briefly review the ten year progress made towards the control or elimination of the diseases now identified by the WHO as NTDs. Many of the details are highlighted in PLOS NTDs papers cited here, but the summary information is based on the recently released Global Burden of Disease (GBD) Study 2015 (also launched with Gates Foundation support) that summarized past-decade changes in disease prevalence, mortality, or disability rates (from the years 2005 to 2015) [4-6], as well as the GBD Study 2013 that summarizes disease prevalence changes over a longer time horizon from 1990 to 2013 [7].
Incorporation of a fluorocarbon polymer implanted at the posterior surface of the rabbit cornea (1996)

An implant of porous expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) in the corneal stroma allows fast cell colonization and can become translucent. We studied the behavior of the same polymer implanted in the anterior chamber of the rabbit eye and sutured to the posterior surface of the cornea. The expanded tetrafluoroethylene was provided as 200-micron thick sheets in 3 pore diameters (20, 50 and 80 microns). Disks (5 mm) were implanted in the anterior chambers of 20 rabbits and sutured to the posterior surface of the cornea. Histological and ultrastructural studies were performed after 3 and 4 months. Quantimetry was done on TEM images to analyze the fibrillar structure of the intercellular matrix inside and around the implanted polymer. The material was well tolerated. In all cases there was mild central corneal edema, which disappeared after 1 month. Mild neovascularization occurred in five cases, decreasing after 1 month. The polymer became translucent after 8 days. Keratocytes from the corneal stroma colonized the implant via breaks in the Descemet's membrane along the sutures. Quantimetry showed three types of fibrils inside and beside the polymer. Corneal endothelial cells regenerated over the fibroblasts and the polymer. This fluorocarbon polymer implanted in the anterior chamber and sutured to the posterior surface of the cornea was well tolerated, and there was real incorporation, with keratocytes producing collagen fibrils inside the polymer and endothelial cells forming a posterior cell monolayer. This is promising for the development of a keratoprothesis with posterior fixation.
Effects of acute cadmium poisoning on the mice protein synthesis and immune system (1999)

Institute for Biomedical Research
Nipple-Sparing Mastectomy Improves Long-Term Nipple But Not Skin Sensation After Breast Reconstruction (2016)

Breast sensation is decreased after reconstruction in both NSM and NNSM, but nipple sensation or nipple area is better preserved in NSM breasts. Number of revision surgeries (>3) was a predictor of decreased sensation.
Mechanics of nanosprings: Stiffness and Young’s modulus of molybdenum-based nanocrystals (2002)

We describe measurements of the stiffness and Young’s modulus, Y of single crystals of molybdenum-based compounds. Atomic force microscopy is used first to image, and then to perform stiffness measurements on crystals which are growing up out of a substrate. Y is extracted by comparing the measured stiffness with that calculated from a continuum elasticity model of the crystals, whose experimentally indeterminate parameters are the Young’s modulus and the geometry. We find a value for Y in the range 0.8–1.4 TPa, depending on the assumed geometry of the nanocrystal. As these crystals are essentially perfectly ordered on the micron scale, this opens the possibility of forming composite materials of immense strength.
Chapter VII magnetic materials (1959)

In this Chapter we have attempted to cover the literature dealing with magnetic materials. We use the work “magnetism” in the narrow sense of the spontaneous alignment of electron spins by interatomic forces. This definition includes the phenomena of ferromagnetism, ferrimagnetism, antiferromagnetism, “tweak” ferromagnetism, piezomagnetism, and other forms of magnetism for which special terms are not in general use. We have included also literature dealing with structure, preparation and nonmagnetic physical properties when these seemed closely related to magnetism. Among subjects not covered are paramagnets with low magnetic transition temperatures, geomagnetism and rock-magnetism.
Real-time DSP implementation for MRF-based video motion detection (1999)

This paper describes the real time implementation of a simple and robust motion detection algorithm based on Markov random field (MRF) modeling, MRF-based algorithms often require a significant amount of computations. The intrinsic parallel property of MRF modeling has led most of implementations toward parallel machines and neural networks, but none of these approaches offers an efficient solution for real-world (i.e., industrial) applications. Here, an alternative implementation for the problem at hand is presented yielding a complete, efficient and autonomous real-time system for motion detection. This system is based on a hybrid architecture, associating pipeline modules with one asynchronous module to perform the whole process, from video acquisition to moving object masks visualization. A board prototype is presented and a processing rate of 15 images/s is achieved, showing the validity of the approach.
Lung CD8+ T cells in COPD have increased expression of bacterial TLRs (2013)

These data suggest that as lung function worsens in COPD, the auto-aggressive behavior of lung CD8+ T cells could increase in response to microbial TLR ligands, specifically ligands against TLR2/1.