gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Extracting article text from the web with maximum subsequence segmentation (2009)

Much of the information on the Web is found in articles from online news outlets, magazines, encyclopedias, review collections, and other sources. However, extracting this content from the original HTML document is complicated by the large amount of less informative and typically unrelated material such as navigation menus, forms, user comments, and ads. Existing approaches tend to be either brittle and demand significant expert knowledge and time (manual or tool-assisted generation of rules or code), necessitate labeled examples for every different page structure to be processed (wrapper induction), require relatively uniform layout (template detection), or, as with Visual Page Segmentation (VIPS), are computationally expensive. We introduce maximum subsequence segmentation, a method of global optimization over token-level local classifiers, and apply it to the domain of news websites. Training examples are easy to obtain, both learning and prediction are linear time, and results are excellent (our semi-supervised algorithm yields an overall F1-score of 97.947%), surpassing even those produced by VIPS with a hypothetical perfect block-selection heuristic. We also evaluate against the recent CleanEval shared task with surprisingly good cross-task performance cleaning general web pages, exceeding the top "text-only" score (based on Levenshtein distance), 87.8% versus 84.1%.
Preparation of Cyclic Carbonates and 2-Oxazolidones Using Di-2-pyridyl Carbonate (1986)

Cyclic carbonates and 2-oxazolidones are conveniently prepared in high yields by the reaction of diols and 6-amino alcohols with di-2-pyridyl carbonate.It is of synthetic significance that the formation of cyclic carboantes in refluxing toluene occurs under essentially neutral conditions.In connection with our ongoing research program an the synthetic utility of pyridin-2-yl related active esters and carbonates,' w e have reported that di-2pyrldyl carbonate (2-DPC) is an efficient coupling agent for direct esterification of carboxylic acids.2We have found that 2-DPC can be successfully utilized as a carbonylating agent for the preparation of cyclic carbonates and 2-oxazolidones from diols and 6-amino alcohols under very mild conditions.Cyclic carbonates, prepared from 1,2-and 1.3-dlols and several carbonylating agent^,^-^ have been widely used for the protection of vlclnal hydroxy groups.Cyclic carbonates are readily hydrolized under basic conditions, whereas they are relatively stable to the acidlc conditions.
MEMS reconfigurable stacked antenna for WLAN applications (2008)

Reconfigurable antennas are very attractive since they enable to electronically change its operating frequency, polarization or radiation patterns. GaAs FET and PIN diodes or, more recently, RF MEMS are widely used to perform the required switching operations. The advantages of MEMS switches, when compared to diodes, are the higher isolation, better linearity, lower insertion loss, near-zero power consumption and operation over a wider frequency range. To validate the referred modeling, a compact reconfigurable stacked patch antenna for WLAN applications incorporating two packaged MEMS switches is proposed.
Initial Coulombic efficiency improvement of the Li1.2Mn0.567Ni0.166Co0.067O2 lithium-rich material by ruthenium substitution for manganese (2012)

The initial Coulombic efficiencies of the Li1.2Mn0.567Ni0.166Co0.067O2 lithium-rich material are largely improved by ruthenium substitution for manganese, and the highest value is about 86% with 284 mA h g−1 initial discharge capacity at room temperature when the content of substituted ruthenium is 5 mol%.
Understanding the Development of Free E-Commerce/E-Business Software (2008)

This study examines the development of open source software supporting e-commerce (EC) or e-business (EB) capabilities. This entails a case study within a virtual organization engaged in an organizational initiative to develop, deploy, and support free/open source software systems for EC or EB services, like those supporting enterprise resource planning. The objective of this study is to identify and characterize the resource-based software product development capabilities that lie at the center of the initiative, rather than the software itself, or the effectiveness of its operation in a business enterprise. By learning what these resources are, and how they are arrayed into product development capabilities, we can provide the knowledge needed to understand what resources are required to realize the potential of free EC and EB software applications. In addition, the resource-based view draws attention to those resources and capabilities that provide potential competitive advantages and disadvantages to the organization in focus.
The use of optically activated nanoparticles to enhance controlled lesion formation from high intensity focused ultrasound exposures (2011)

Light-absorbing nanoparticles can be used to improve the signal-to-noise ratio of the thermoelastic emissions from tissue that are used in photoacoustic tomography (PAT) and microscopy (PAM). Nanoparticles can be functionalized to selectively target cancer cells and destroy them through the formation of vapour bubbles. It has been shown that heating of the nanoparticles with a laser whilst they are simultaneously under tension from a high intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) field results in a significant reduction in the optical fluence and acoustic pressure thresholds required for bubble formation. The localised heating from HIFU exposures in tissue is believed to be increased through the presence of bubbles, or specifically inertial cavitation, in the focal region. Thus an ability to nucleate vapour bubbles from nanoparticles using laser light combined with a HIFU field presents a unique opportunity for imaging and therapeutic applications.
Inhibition of Na,K-ATPase by oleandrin and oleandrigenin, and their detection by digoxin immunoassays (1996)

Ingestion of oleander plant, containing the cardiac glycoside oleandrin, has been reported to induce fatal poisonings. Derivatives of oleandrin are structurally similar to digoxin. We investigated the cross-reactivities of oleandrin and its aglycone metabolite, oleandrigenin, in several commercially available digoxin immunoassays; assessed their ability to inhibit Na,K-ATPase catalytic activity; and measured their binding to proteins in serum. As assayed with ACS:180, Stratus, RIA, On-Line, and TDx digoxin assays, oleandrin at 100 micromol/L in digoxin-free serum gave apparent digoxin values of 0, 0.83, 2.24, 2.37, and 5.34 nmol/L, respectively, whereas oleandrigenin at that concentration gave results of 0, 0.52, 0.77, 4.94, and 1.40 nmol/L. Study of Na,K-ATPase inhibition showed IC50 values (micromol/L) of 0.22 for ouabain, 0.62 for oleandrin, 1.23 for oleandrigenin, and 2.69 for digoxin. At 25 degrees C, 96% of oleandrin and 48% of oleandrigenin were bound to serum proteins. Because detection of oleandrin and oleandrigenin by digoxin immunoassays is variable between assays as well as between congeners, assessment of cross-reactivity is warranted for each assay. The inhibition of Na,K-ATPase by oleandrin and oleandrigenin confirms that they likely exert their toxic effects through inhibition of sodium pump activity. In cases of digitalis-like poisoning with suspicion of oleander ingestion, a combination of digoxin immunoassays may be useful to effectively rule out the presence of oleander.
Augmenting Robot Knowledge Consultants with Distributed Short Term Memory (2018)

Human-robot communication in situated environments involves a complex interplay between knowledge representations across a wide variety of modalities. Crucially, linguistic information must be associated with representations of objects, locations, people, and goals, which may be represented in very different ways. In previous work, we developed a Consultant Framework that facilitates modality-agnostic access to information distributed across a set of heterogeneously represented knowledge sources. In this work, we draw inspiration from cognitive science to augment these distributed knowledge sources with Short Term Memory Buffers to create an STM-augmented algorithm for referring expression generation. We then discuss the potential performance benefits of this approach and insights from cognitive science that may inform future refinements in the design of our approach.
Spatially resolved observation of visible-light emission from Si MOSFET's (1983)

Light emission from Si MOSFET's operating in the saturation region is observed. This observation provides direct evidence for the phenomenon of photocarrier generation in the substrate of VLSI's. The light emission appears to be uniform along the device width and emanates from the drain end of the MOSFET under normal operation. Light spots of much higher intensity are observed when the device is biased into the snap-back regime. This provides insights into the mechanism of snap-back breakdown.
A Cadaveric Comparison of the Kinematic and Anatomical Axes and Arthrokinematics of the Metatarsosesamoidal and First Metatarsophalangeal Joints (2022)

Presently, developments in weightbearing computed tomography and biplanar fluoroscopy technologies offer exciting avenues for investigating normative and pathologic foot function with increasing precision. Still, data quantifying sesamoid bone and proximal phalange motion are currently sparse. To express joint kinematics and compare various clinical cohorts, future studies of first ray motion will necessitate robust coordinate frames that respect the variations in underlying anatomy while also aligning closely with the functional, physiological axes of motion. These activity-dependent functional axes may be represented by a mean helical axis of the joint motion. Our cadaveric study quantified joint kinematics from weightbearing computed tomography scans during simulated toe lift and heel rise tasks. We compared the spatial orientations of the mean finite helical axes of the metatarsosesamoidal and metatarsophalangeal joints to the primary joint axis of two relevant methods for defining metatarsal coordinate frames: inertial axes and fitting of geometric primitives. The resultant kinematics exhibited less crosstalk when using a metatarsal coordinate system based on fitting cylindrical primitives to the bony anatomy compared to using principal component axes. Respective metatarsophalangeal and metatarsosesamoidal arthrokinematic contact paths and instantaneous centers of rotation were similar between activities and agree well with currently published data. This study outlines a methodology for quantitatively assessing the efficacy and utility of various anatomical joint coordinate system definitions. Improvements in our ability to characterize the shape and motion of foot bones in the context of functional tasks will elucidate their biomechanical roles and aid clinicians in refining treatment strategies.
Iterative learning and feedback control for the curvature and contact force of a metal strip on a roll (2022)

This paper presents a novel model-based control strategy for the curvature and the contact force at the contact point of a metal strip and a roll. Due to the plastic deformation of the strip, the bending history of the strip has to be considered in the controller design. A multivariable two-degrees-of-freedom (2-DOF) control structure is used to track user-defined periodic references for the outputs. The proposed multi-input/multi-output (MIMO) feedback control structure consists of a spatial iterative learning control (ILC) combined with a multivariable PI controller. The control strategy is implemented in a real-time system and verified by measurements on an experimental test rig.
Splay stripe textures in Langmuir monolayers (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSplay stripe textures in Langmuir monolayersJaime Ruiz-Garcia, Xia Qiu, Mei Wei Tsao, Gary Marshall, Charles M. Knobler, Gernot A. Overbeck, and Dietmar MoebiusCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1993, 97, 27, 6955–6957Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100129a006https://doi.org/10.1021/j100129a006research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views130Altmetric-Citations62LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
An Unusual Oxalylated Tetramic Acid from the New Zealand Basidiomycete Chamonixia pachydermis (2006)

An unusual oxalylated tetramic acid, pachydermin (1), has been isolated from the New Zealand basidiomycete Chamonixiapachydermis. The full structure, which was not directly accessible by NMR methods, was deduced from that of a degradation product, 5-(3-chloro-4-hydroxybenzylidene)tetramic acid (2). The degradation product 2 exhibited mild antibacterial activity against Bacillus subtilis.
Plasmonic Modulation of Valleytronic Emission in Two‐Dimensional Transition Metal Dichalcogenides (2021)

Abstract Monolayered transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) are one kind of hexagonal 2D semiconductors with a direct bandgap structure. Due to the property of natural broken inversion symmetry in the lattice, the strong spin–orbit coupling of electrons in TMDs can induce degenerate levels with antiparallel spins in K and K′ valleys, which selectively respond with external light excitations. Surface plasmon resonance with efficient electromagnetic enhancement and near‐field coupling provides excellent potential opportunities to modulate valley emission of TMDs. Efforts have been devoted to investigating the interaction principles and applications of this research field. This review focuses on plasmonic modulation of valleytronic emission in TMDs with surface plasmon polaritons (SPP) and localized surface plasmons (LSP) based on different modulation principles, respectively, and discusses possible research directions for future device applications.
In situ Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy as an efficient tool for determination of reaction kinetics (2002)

The performance of new FTIR-based monitoring technology to representatively determine reaction kinetics has been demonstrated on an example of homogeneously catalyzed liquid-phase sucrose hydrolysis to fructose and glucose. The reaction kinetics were investigated by using the ReactIR 1000 reaction analysis system, which enables determination of the component concentration from its characteristic FTIR spectrum. During the sucrose inversion, the ReactIR 1000 instrument connected to a computer controlled standard glass batch reactor provided the required operating conditions and information about the component concentration in real-time. We have studied the influence of hydrogen ion concentration, temperature and initial concentration of sucrose on the sucrose disappearance rate. It was found out that the inversion of sucrose is an irreversible reaction, which is not affected by the formation of fructose and glucose in the liquid-phase. Then, the parameters of the kinetic model (i.e., reaction rate constant and activation energy) were calculated. A comparison of the model output and the measured data showed that the kinetics of the sucrose inversion could be well described by means of the pseudo first-order kinetic model. Finally, the method of determining the kinetic model by FTIR spectroscopy was verified by comparing the results obtained in the batch reactor with the results obtained in the continuously stirred tank reactor.
Multifunctional Antibodies Are Induced by the RTS,S Malaria Vaccine and Associated With Protection in a Phase 1/2a Trial (2020)

NCT00075049.
Photobleaching of Rhodamine 6G in Poly(vinyl alcohol) at the Ensemble and Single-Molecule Levels (2004)

Photobleaching is a severely limiting factor in the optical study of single biomolecules. We investigate the photobleaching of rhodamine 6G (R6G) ensembles in poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) as a function of illumination time, excitation intensity, the presence of oxygen, and temperature. We observe nonexponential kinetics related to primary photobleaching through two dark statesthe triplet state and a radical anionand to secondary photobleaching after the optical excitation of those dark states. Reactions of the metastable states with oxygen can lead either to photoproducts or to a recovery of the ground state. Oxygen can therefore enhance or reduce photobleaching, depending on the experimental conditions. At low temperature, photobleaching is reduced although not completely suppressed. Despite the presence of the long-lived radical anion, we are able to observe single R6G molecules in PVA. At room temperature, only relatively bleaching-resistant molecules are resolved as individuals. At low temperature, the observation times become considerably longer. Our study shows that metastable states other than the triplet drastically affect photobleaching.
Hearing Loss and Its Burden of Disease in a Large German Cohort—Hearing Loss in Germany (2021)

2 Laryngoscope, 132:1843-1849, 2022.
Pathogenesis of Anti–PIT-1 Antibody Syndrome: PIT-1 Presentation by HLA Class I on Anterior Pituitary Cells (2019)

Our data indicate that PIT-1 protein is processed in the antigen presentation pathway and that its epitopes are presented by in MHC/HLA class I on anterior pituitary cells, supporting the hypothesis that PIT-1-reactive CTLs caused the cell-specific damage. It is also suggested that number of epitope presentation was not associated with the pathogenesis of anti-PIT-1 antibody syndrome.
Levels of Germination Proteins in Dormant and Superdormant Spores of Bacillus subtilis (2012)

Bacillus subtilis spores that germinated poorly with saturating levels of nutrient germinants, termed superdormant spores, were separated from the great majority of dormant spore populations that germinated more rapidly. These purified superdormant spores (1.5 to 3% of spore populations) germinated extremely poorly with the germinants used to isolate them but better with germinants targeting germinant receptors not activated in superdormant spore isolation although not as well as the initial dormant spores. The level of β-galactosidase from a gerA-lacZ fusion in superdormant spores isolated by germination via the GerA germinant receptor was identical to that in the initial dormant spores. Levels of the germination proteins GerD and SpoVAD were also identical in dormant and superdormant spores. However, levels of subunits of a germinant receptor or germinant receptors activated in superdormant spore isolation were 6- to 10-fold lower than those in dormant spores, while levels of subunits of germinant receptors not activated in superdormant spore isolation were only ≤ 2-fold lower. These results indicate that (i) levels of β-galactosidase from lacZ fusions to operons encoding germinant receptors may not be an accurate reflection of actual germinant receptor levels in spores and (ii) a low level of a specific germinant receptor or germinant receptors is a major cause of spore superdormancy.
Brominations of some 1,2,4-triazine 2-oxides (1978)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTBrominations of some 1,2,4-triazine 2-oxidesRobert J. Radel, Jerry L. Atwood, and William W. PaudlerCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1978, 43, 12, 2514–2517Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1978Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1978https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00406a049https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00406a049research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views210Altmetric-Citations13LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
A New Entropy-Based Performance Index for Stochastic Control System Design (1989)

A new entropy-based performance index is proposed and developed for use in the design of stochastic control systems. Starting from a postulate of desired process performance, an entropy measure is shown to naturally quantify the discrepancy between predicted and desired system behavior. The entropy measure utilizes probability density functions to represent parameter uncertainty. By using metric and convexity properties of the entropy measure, a new performance index is proposed for control system design. The new performance index is employed to develop an optimal open-loop control policy to track a reference trajectory. In a second application, a one-step ahead adaptive control policy is developed and its properties are analyzed through a comparison with dual control strategies. It is shown that the optimal control policy yields a controller which is always more aggressive than a cautious controller.
[Expression and clinical significance of nm23-H1, Fas and FasL in colorectal carcinoma tissues]. (2005)

These results suggest that the lower expression of nm23-H1 and Fas and higher expression of FasL may be used as a good indicator in evaluating lymph node metastasis and prognosis.
Thermal analysis of AlN/GaN/AlGaN HEMTs grown on Si and SiC substrate through TCAD simulations and measurements (2016)

In this paper, a comprehensive evaluation of thermal behaviour of the AlN/GaN/AlGaN high electron mobility transistors (HEMT) grown on Si and SiC substrates have been carried out through simulations and measurements. Three dimensional (3D) thermal TCAD simulations are performed to obtain steady-state variations of the junction temperature and to extract the thermal resistance (Rth) for different device geometries. On-wafer pulsed IV measurements are carried out at different dissipated power (Pdiss) and chuck temperature (Tchuck). The thermal resistance extracted from measurements has been verified using the TCAD results and found to be in excellent agreement for various device geometries.
U.S. International Trade: Trends and Forecasts [Updated September 5, 2008] (2008)

Politics and government; Politics and government/International relations; Management and economics