gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Expression of PAX8 in Nephrogenic Adenoma and Clear Cell Adenocarcinoma of the Lower Urinary Tract (2008)

Recent evidence has showed that nephrogenic adenoma is a true "nephrogenic" lesion derived from the proliferation of exfoliated and implanted renal tubular cells in the urinary tract, a process that closely resembles the formation of endometriosis. This new concept has led to the identification of renal transcription factor PAX2 as a diagnostic marker for nephrogenic adenoma. PAX8 is another transcription factor structurally and functionally related to PAX2. Both are cell lineage restricted transcription factors expressed in normal and neoplastic tissues of related origin, including renal tubular cells in both fetal and adult kidneys. In this study, we investigated the expression of PAX8 in nephrogenic adenoma and its mimics. We report here that PAX8 was detected in all nephrogenic adenomas (N=35) and clear cell adenocarcinoma of the lower urinary tract (N=7), but not in prostate adenocarcinoma (N=100), adenocarcinoma (N=9), squamous cell carcinoma (N=5), or urothelial carcinoma (N=48) of the urinary bladder and its variants. PAX8 was neither detected in normal urothelium of the urinary bladder nor in prostate glands and stroma. PAX2 was also detected in 2 of the 7 clear cell adenocarcinomas of the lower urinary tract. We suggest that PAX8 is an additional marker for identifying nephrogenic adenoma. Expression of PAX8 or PAX2 in both nephrogenic adenoma and clear cell adenocarcinoma of the lower urinary tract may indicate a possible related tissue origin for these 2 lesions; both may be derived from proliferating renal tubular cells in the urinary tract. In addition, detection of PAX8 or PAX2 in clear cell adenocarcinoma of the lower urinary tract is helpful in differentiating it from urothelial carcinoma and its variants and adenocarcinomas of the urinary bladder or of the prostate.
Pedagogical Techniques Employed by the Science Television Show MythBusters (2018)

The long-running Discovery Channel science television show MythBusters has proven itself to be far more than just a source of weekly entertainment. The popular cable program employs an array of sophisticated pedagogical techniques to communicate scientific concepts to its audience. These techniques include: achieving active learning, accommodating different learning styles, avoiding jargon, employing repetition to ensure comprehension, anthropomorphizing physical phenomena, using captivating demonstrations, cultivating an enthusiastic disposition, and increasing intrinsic motivation to learn. In this content analysis, episodes from the show’s 10-year history were methodically examined for these instructional techniques. MythBusters represents an untapped source of pedagogical techniques educators at all levels may consider availing themselves of in their tireless effort to better reach their students. Science educators in particular may look to MythBusters for inspiration and guidance in how to incorporate these pedagogical techniques into their own teaching and help their students in the learning process.
Rare phenotype of ALS4 associated with heterozygous missense mutation c.5842A > G/p.M1948V in helicase domain of SETX gene (2020)

"Rare phenotype of ALS4 associated with heterozygous missense mutation c.5842A > G/p.M1948V in helicase domain of SETX gene." Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Frontotemporal Degeneration, 21(3-4), pp. 312–313
Systems, devices and methods for communicating data over circularly pulse-shaped waveforms (2023)

Circularly pulse-shaped waveforms for communication systems are disclosed herein, including a single carrier modulation in which pulse-shaping is performed using a circular convolution by the transmitter for various modulation schemes. A transmitter, related method, and corresponding receiver are also disclosed for demodulation of the single carrier circularly pulse-shaped signal and data extraction.
Modeling Single-Phase and Boiling Liquid Jet Impingement Cooling in Power Electronics (2005)

Jet impingement has been an attractive cooling option in a number of industries over the past few decades. Over the past 15 years, jet impingement has been explored as a cooling option in microelectronics. Recently, interest has been expressed by the automotive industry in exploring jet impingement for cooling power electronics components. This technical report explores, from a modeling perspective, both single-phase and boiling jet impingement cooling in power electronics, primarily from a heat transfer viewpoint. The discussion is from the viewpoint of the cooling of IGBTs (insulated-gate bipolar transistors), which are found in hybrid automobile inverters.
The Role of Bipedal Lymphangiography in Testicular Seminoma (1990)

Determining the extent of intra-abdominal spread of testicular seminoma by radiographic studies is an essential step in planning rational treatment following orchidectomy. CT scanning is generally accepted as being superior to lymphangiography in assessing the retroperitoneal space. We reviewed the relative contribution of these two procedures in a retrospective analysis of 73 consecutive patients with testicular seminoma managed at Westmead Hospital between January 1980 and September 1987. Abdominal CT scans and bipedal lymphangiography (LAG) were carried out in 72 and 51 patients respectively, 50 patients undergoing both procedures. We found concordance between the two techniques to be 88%. Upstaging occurred in 5 patients using CT (10%), 7 patients using LAG (14%), and in 8 patients (16%) when both tests were utilised. Four patients were upstaged by both techniques while the remaining 4 patients were upstaged using one technique alone. Serum beta-HCG was not a reliable screen for residual disease. Residual disease in the few patients with an elevated serum beta-HCG was easily detected by CT scanning. We conclude that there is a continuing role for LAG in assessing patients with clinical Stage I seminoma when the abdominal CT scan is equivocal or normal.
A systematic analysis of Cu-based membrane-electrode assemblies for CO2 reduction through multiphysics simulation (2020)

A multiphysics model is presented to study potential losses in Cu-MEAs and how various physical phenomena impact the product distribution of CO<sub>2</sub> reduction.
Introduction to Mathematical Systems Theory: A Behavioral Approach (1999)

Mathematics is playing an ever more importantrole in the physicaland biological sciences, provoking a blurring of boundaries between scientific disciplinesand a resurgenceof interest in the modem as well as the classical techniquesof applied mathematics.This renewalof interest,both in researchand teaching,has led to the establishment of the series: Texts in Applied Mathematics (TAM).The developmentof new coursesis a natural consequenceof a high level of excitementon the researchfrontieras newertechniques, such as numericaland symbolic computersystems,dynamicalsystems,and chaos,mix with and reinforcethe traditionalmethodsof appliedmathematics.Thus, the purposeof this textbookseries is to meet the currentand futureneeds of these advancesand encouragethe teaching of new courses.TAM will publish textbookssuitablefor use in advancedundergraduate and beginning graduate courses, and will complement the Applied Mathematical Seiences (AMS) series, which will focus on advanced textbooks and research level monographs.
THROMBOXANE-BLOCKED SWINE AS AN EXPERIMENTAL MODEL OF SEVERE INTRAVASCULAR INFLAMMATION AND SEPTIC SHOCK (1995)

The cardiopulmonary response elicited by intravenous bacteria or endotoxin is well characterized in swine and has two major components. The first represents the acute pulmonary and broncho-constrictive phase (0-2 h) and the second phase (3-8 h) represents increased microvascular permeability, hypotension, and enhanced leukocyte-endothelial adhesion. The pulmonary vasoconstriction and bronchoconstriction of phase 1 results in acute pulmonary hypertension and airway dysfunction, which may result in rapid mortality. Because this acute pulmonary response may not mimic the development of human septic shock, we sought to block this early phase and examine the role of tumor necrosis factor in the latter septic phase (3-8 h). Employing a thromboxane A2 (TXA2) receptor antagonist (BAY U 3405) in the presence of LD100 Escherichia coli challenge, we blocked the acute pulmonary hypertensive phase and prevented early mortality, however, TXA2 blockade did not affect the latter development of septic shock and death. This latter lethal phase, characterized by prolonged leukopenia, was blocked in a dose-dependent manner by tumor necrosis factor monoclonal antibody. We conclude that the TXA2-blocked E. coli-challenged swine may provide a novel animal model in which to investigate the pathophysiology of acute septic shock.
The hippocampus and memory for orderly stimulus relations (1997)

Human declarative memory involves a systematic organization of information that supports generalizations and inferences from acquired knowledge. This kind of memory depends on the hippocampal region in humans, but the extent to which animals also have declarative memory, and whether inferential expression of memory depends on the hippocampus in animals, remains a major challenge in cognitive neuroscience. To examine these issues, we used a test of transitive inference pioneered by Piaget to assess capacities for systematic organization of knowledge and logical inference in children. In our adaptation of the test, rats were trained on a set of four overlapping odor discrimination problems that could be encoded either separately or as a single representation of orderly relations among the odor stimuli. Normal rats learned the problems and demonstrated the relational memory organization through appropriate transitive inferences about items not presented together during training. By contrast, after disconnection of the hippocampus from either its cortical or subcortical pathway, rats succeeded in acquiring the separate discrimination problems but did not demonstrate transitive inference, indicating that they had failed to develop or could not inferentially express the orderly organization of the stimulus elements. These findings strongly support the view that the hippocampus mediates a general declarative memory capacity in animals, as it does in humans.
Das „Spatial Shift Alignment (SSA)" - eine neue Methode zur Bestimmung der Blutflußgeschwindigkeit in der Video-Kapillarmikroskopie - „Spatial Shift Alignment (SSA)"- A New Technique for Measuring Capillary Blood Velocity in Capillaroscopy (1994)

A new technique (spatial shift alignment [SSA]) for measuring capillary blood velocity in human capillaries in the skin is described. A capillaroscopic image is digitized by means of a frame grabber. Within the lumen of a suitable capillary limb a region of interest known as a slot is placed. At a frame frequency of 25 per second, this slot is copied in a free part of the frame grabber store along a horizontal axis. A static space-time image with light diagonal bands representing the plasma gaps in their passage through the capillary limb is obtained. By determining the gradient of the diagonal bands, a measure of the capillary blood velocity is obtained. The SSA system was validated by means of a simulated model using known fixed velocities between 0 and 1.0 mm/sec (r = 0.979, n = 24). The procedure can be employed with any image processing systems, and enables continuous monitoring of the velocity measurements. Since it is time-saving and just as accurate as the frame-to-frame method, SSA could be widely applied to the measurement of blood cell velocity in capillaroscopy.
Use of Diced Conchal Cartilage with Perichondrial Attachment in Rhinoplasty (2015)

Therapeutic, IV.
Fabrication of paper-based conductive patterns for flexible electronics by direct-writing (2011)

A kind of conductive pen was designed, prepared with nano-silver colloid as the conductive ink and gel-ink pen as the writing implement, and used to draw conductive patterns on paper substrate by direct-writing for flexible electronics. Silver nanoink (20 wt%) was characterized using field emission transmission electron microscopy (FETEM), size distribution analyser (SDA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and selected-area electron diffraction (SAED). Paper-based conductive patterns were investigated by a surface profilometer, a 4-point probe, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis. It can be found that silver nanoparticles have a small size, about 2.1 ± 0.5 nm in diameter with monodispersity, and the melting point sharply decreased to 105 °C. A conductive line drawn on weighing paper not only had good mechanical/electrical fatigue properties, but also low resistivity. Especially, when the sintering condition is 200 °C for 60 min, the resistivity can be down to 6.8 μΩ cm, 4.25 times the bulk resistivity. In addition, the reparation of conductive patterns and application in a practical circuit were also studied.
Application Of Intersatellite Links To Operational Satellite Systems (1988)

A major advantage of communication satellites over cable systems is their ability to cover and serve vast areas of the earth, thereby avoiding the extensive terrestrial networks that are required to feed the cable head-ends. An Intersatellite Link (ISL) would further increase both coverage and flexibility in locating the satellites. This paper examines the pros and cons of the ISLs in an operational environment. System advantages, system disadvantages and certain restrictions placed on satellites using ISLs are discussed.
Boric acid and salinity effects on maize roots. Response of aquaporins ZmPIP1 and ZmPIP2, and plasma membrane H+‐ATPase, in relation to water and nutrient uptake (2008)

Under saline conditions, an optimal cell water balance, possibly mediated by aquaporins, is important to maintain the whole-plant water status. Furthermore, excessive accumulation of boric acid in the soil solution can be observed in saline soils. In this work, the interaction between salinity and excess boron with respect to the root hydraulic conductance (L(0)), abundance of aquaporins (ZmPIP1 and ZmPIP2), ATPase activity and root sap nutrient content, in the highly boron- and salt-tolerant Zea mays L. cv. amylacea, was evaluated. A downregulation of root ZmPIP1 and ZmPIP2 aquaporin contents were observed in NaCl-treated plants in agreement with the L(0) measurements. However, in the H3BO3-treated plants differences in the ZmPIP1 and ZmPIP2 abundance were observed. The ATPase activity was related directly to the amount of ATPase protein and Na+ concentration in the roots, for which an increase in NaCl- and H3BO3+ NaCl-treated plants was observed with respect to untreated and H3BO3-treated plants. Although nutrient imbalance may result from the effect of salinity or H3BO3 alone, an ameliorative effect was observed when both treatments were applied together. In conclusion, our results suggest that under salt stress, the activity of specific membrane components can be influenced directly by boric acid, regulating the functions of certain aquaporin isoforms and ATPase as possible components of the salinity tolerance mechanism.
Microresonator Logic Gates with Counterpropagating Light (2020)

We use kerr-interaction between counter-propagating light waves in a whispering gallery mode resonator to demonstrate a universal, all-optical, logic gate. This provides a novel path for on-chip routing of light.
EFFECT OF ORAL BIOFILMS ON THE BIOTRIBOCORROSION OF TITANIUM (2009)

The oral cavity is a complex environment where corrosive substances from dietary, human saliva and oral biofilms may accumulate in retentive areas of implant-supported prostheses promoting a corrosion of their surfaces. On the other side, during mastication, micro-movements may occur in artificial joints causing a relative contact motion between surfaces. Both processes result in a tribocorrosion system. The objective of this work is to investigate the in-vitro tribocorrosion behavior of titanium covered by biofilms and immersed in artificial saliva. Reciprocating sliding wear tests coupled with electrochemical techniques were performed at 25 o C on titanium samples covered or not with biofilms. Mixed biofilms of Candida albicans and Streptococcus mutans were grown at 37 oC on titanium surfaces for 9 days in Tryptic Soy Broth medium, containing mucin, yeast extract, peptone and sucrose. The open-circuit potential (OCP) was measured until stabilization in artificial saliva. After that, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) measurements were carried out at open circuit potential. Subsequently, sliding tests were performed at normal loads of 0.1, 0.2 and 3 N, at a sliding frequency of 1 Hz, and linear displacement amplitudes of 0.5 and 2 mm using a tribometer equipped with a test viewer software. During the sliding tests, the OCP was constantly monitored. At the end of the sliding test, the OCP was further monitored until stabilization, and another series of EIS measurements was made. Worn and unworn surfaces were inspected by SEM. The detachment of the biofilms was not noticed when low loads were applied, and biofilms appear to have some lubricating effect. However, it was found that acidic substances released from Streptococcus mutans and external substances accumulated into the biofilm might corrode surfaces located below and around the biofilms. At a normal load of 3 N, the biofilms were removed from the contact region by the sliding action, and it was observed that the repassivation rate of titanium covered with biofilms was lower than without biofilms.
Single-transistor transparent-latch clocking (2002)

We propose a single-phase clocking scheme for CMOS VLSI designs in which the traditional master-slave data-latches are replaced with transparent-latches where each transparent-latch is implemented using a single NMOS transistor. The clocking scheme places a constraint on the allowable width of the clock pulses which can be satisfied by a clock driver that is integrated with a dynamic buffer. Our example shows that the power dissipation of the single-transistor latch can be 80% less than the two-phase static flip-flop and 70% less than the true single-phase latch. The low power dissipation of the single-transistor latch can therefore be used to improve the gain in architecture-driven voltage scaling where one reduces the supply voltage to reduce power dissipation and applies pipelining to compensate for the reduced speed. In our example, the fraction of power dissipation due to the overhead of the pipelining latches for the single-transistor latch is only 4.7%, versus 15% and 22% for the true single-phase latch and the two-phase static flip-flop, respectively. The single-transistor latch is also very small, which can have a major impact in reducing the area of latch-intensive architectures such as filter structures used in digital signal processing. Our example of a fixed-coefficient transposed-form FIR filter shows that we can reduce the area by 20% in comparison to designs using the true-single-phase latch.
Single Event Effects Characterization of the ST-DDR4 Spin-transfer Torque Magnetoresistive Random Access Memory (STT-MRAM) (2021)

We present single event effects (SEE) evaluation of the Everspin Technologies 1Gb non-volatile ST-DDR4 spin-transfer torque MRAM.
Synthesis of Novel C2‐Symmetrical Diamino Thioethers Derived from Amino Acids (1997)

Abstract Chiral β‐amino alcohols 2 , available from natural α‐amino acids by reduction, have been converted in a sequence of N ‐protection, O ‐activation, thioether formation, and deprotection to novel C 2 ‐symmetrical β,β′‐diamino thioethers 1 , which shall serve as chiral tridentate ligands in late transition metal complexes. Optical purity of compounds 1 was established by amide formation with (+)‐ O ‐acetylmandelic acid.
Transduction of biochemical signals across cell membranes (2005)

Biological cells need to be responsive to various stimuli, primarily chemical ligands from their environments. Specific receptor molecules embedded in the plasma membrane detect the different biochemical signals that impact the cell, and these receptors are the conduits for transmission of this information to the cell interior for action. There are several classes of signal transduction receptors and many specific receptors within each of the major classes. This review emphasizes the structural biology of three major classes of transmembrane receptors - tyrosine kinase receptors, histidine kinase sensors, and G-protein coupled receptors. Biophysical principles that govern the processes of signal transduction across cell membranes are also discussed.
Facile Access to the Functionalized N-Donor Stabilized Silylenes PhC(NtBu)2SiX (X = PPh2, NPh2, NCy2, NiPr2, NMe2, N(SiMe3)2, OtBu) (2012)

Reactions of silylenes with organic substrates generally lead to silicon(IV) compounds. Ligand substitution at the silicon(II) atom of silylene, without changing the formal +2 oxidation state, is very rare. We report herein a straightforward route to functionalized silylenes LSiX (L = PhC(NtBu)2 and X = PPh2 (1), NPh2 (2), NCy2(3), NiPr2 (4), NMe2 (5), N(SiMe3)2 (6), OtBu (7)). Silylenes 1–7 have been prepared in quantitative yield by a modified ligand exchange reaction of PhC(NtBu)2SiCl (LSiCl) with the corresponding lithium or potassium salts. Compounds 1–7 were characterized by spectroscopic and spectrometric techniques. Single-crystal X-ray structures of 1, 3, and 4 were determined.
Molecular Radiobiology in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: Prognostic and Predictive Response Factors (2022)

Non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide, generating huge economic and social impacts that have not slowed in recent years. Oncological treatment for this neoplasm usually includes surgery, chemotherapy, treatments on molecular targets and ionizing radiation. The prognosis in terms of overall survival (OS) and the different therapeutic responses between patients can be explained, to a large extent, by the existence of widely heterogeneous molecular profiles. The identification of prognostic and predictive gene signatures of response to cancer treatment, could help in making therapeutic decisions in patients affected by NSCLC. Given the published scientific evidence, we believe that the search for prognostic and/or predictive gene signatures of response to radiotherapy treatment can significantly help clinical decision-making. These signatures may condition the fractions, the total dose to be administered and/or the combination of systemic treatments in conjunction with radiation. The ultimate goal is to achieve better clinical results, minimizing the adverse effects associated with current cancer therapies.
Colossal Bunching in Nanodiamond Cathodoluminescence (2017)

Photon bunching with g(2)(0)&gt;30 was observed in cathodoluminescence from nanodiamond particles evanescently coupled to Ag surface-plasmon polaritons. Comparisons with the photon bunching of isolated diamond nanoparticles point to Ag-plasmon-mediated decoherence processes.