gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Measurement variability in soybean water status and soil‐nutrient extraction in a row spacing study in the U.S. southeastern coastal plain (1984)

Abstract Full‐season determinate soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill] was grown in the field in a humid climate for three seasons (1979–81). The objective was to examine variability in several methods of determining basic relationships between soil and plant water status in a range of canopy configurations and to examine treatment effects on soil‐nutrient extraction. In each year, two cultivars, “Davis” (group VI) and “Coker 338” (group VIII) were planted in four row spacings. In 1980 and 1981 the experiment was expanded and split for irrigation and row orientation (N—S or E‐W). Post‐harvest soil samples were collected and analyzed to determine if irrigation, row spacing, or cultivar influenced K, Ca, and Mg extraction patterns. During the growing seasons, parallel leaf diffusive resistance (Rs) was poorly correlated with xylem pressure potential (ψx), canopy s x temperature (Tc), canopy minus air temperature (?T), leaf vapor pressure deficit (LVPD), and atmospheric vapor pressure deficit (VPD) in single factor correlations. Xylem pressure potential was highly correlated with Tc , ?T, VPD, and LVPD, but was poorly correlated with soil water potential. Both ψx and Tc were significantly affected by the imposition of shade from a 60% shading cloth within as little as 1 minute of shade imposition. The impact of cultivar on seasonal ψx was significant and was nearly half the magnitude of the observed difference caused by irrigation. Irrigation raised ψx by only 2.2 bars over the two—year observation period, in spite of large differences in soil water potential when irrigation was imposed. The impact of canopy configuration was not measureable in any water relations parameter except infrared‐determined Tc. Correlation of T and ψx was significantly more reliable when limited to a single variety, row spacing, and row orientation. Aspect of infrared temperature measurement also significantly affected observed Tc. Analysis of post‐harvest soil samples indicated that narrow (50 cm) row spacing in 1980 and irrigation in 1981 significantly decreased post—harvest Mehlich No. I extractable K, but none of the cultural practices influenced extractable Ca or Mg at P(0.05). In 1980, ex‐tractable K within soybean rows was significantly greater than between rows. Similar trends were observed for Ca and Mg in 1980 and for all 3 nutrients in 1981, but those differences were not significant at P(0.05). Overall, these measurements quantify the difficulty in relating soil and plant water status and identifying nutrient extraction patterns in sandy soils within the humid U.S. Southeastern Coastal Plain.
A Sound Simulation Technique Used for the Prediction of Passenger Compartment Noise (1999)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;A sound simulation technique has recently been developed that allows the NVH engineer to subjectively and objectively predict the passenger compartment noise levels due to radiated transmission gear noise. By using the simulation technique, a noise evaluation can be performed in the early stages of vehicle development, allowing NVH analysts and design engineers to address potential noise concerns well before production of the vehicle is scheduled to begin.&lt;/div&gt;
An experimental study on fish-friendly trashracks – Part 2. Angled trashracks (2013)

Experimental results for fish-friendly trashracks placed in an open water channel are presented. Model trashracks with different bar shapes, spacing and angles were tested. The numerous configurations provided results on head losses and on changes in velocity along the rack for a large range of situations, including fish-friendly trashracks. Previous head-loss equations found in the literature were applied to these configurations and were compared with measurements. A new head-loss equation is proposed that takes into account the effect of the different tested parameters. Velocity measurements provided new results and answers concerning downstream-migration aspects such as admissible approach velocities and guidance efficiency as a function of the trashrack angle.
Nitrogen Speciation: Application to Reactivity of Feeds to Hydroprocessing and Catalyst Deactivation (2019)

Nitrogen is one of the hardest heteroatoms to remove from petroleum and its fractions. For this reason, nitrogen speciation has useful applications in feed reactivity to hydroprocessing and understanding catalyst deactivation. In the first part of this chapter, the objective is to characterize the nitrogen species present in the asphaltenes of vacuum residues to gain an understanding of the processability of these feedstocks to hydroprocessing. The results by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and mass spectrometry (MS) showed that the hydrodenitrogenation rate constant is inversely proportional to the percentages of pyrrolic nitrogen in the asphaltenes and whole residue. The correlations were relatively weak (0.42 and 0.71, respectively), which was attributed to differences in the degree of aromatic condensation, size, and alkyl-substitutions on the N-aromatic rings of the feeds evaluated. The second part of the chapter is focused on the deep solvent extraction of a spent hydrocracking catalyst to characterize the species adsorbed on the surface, with the final goal of increasing our understanding of the deactivation mechanism. The solvent extractions were carried out by conventional Soxhlet technique using dichloromethane under 1 atm of nitrogen for ~24 h. Then, the Soxhlet-extracted solid was solvent-extracted again using an accelerated solvent extraction apparatus and CH2Cl2 at 120 °C and 1500 psi of nitrogen for 1 h. The organic extracts were characterized by elemental analysis, asphaltene solubility profile, and electron spray ionization and atmospheric pressure photoionization MS. Based on the literature and the MS results, a general mechanism for the conversion of N-compounds was proposed. Basic N-species with double bond equivalence values less than 10 can be preferentially adsorbed onto the strong acid sites of the catalyst for an extended amount of time, which, along with the heavy polynuclear aromatics, leads to coke formation and catalyst deactivation.
Mirc11 Disrupts Inflammatory but Not Cytotoxic Responses of NK Cells (2019)

Natural killer (NK) cells generate proinflammatory cytokines that are required to contain infections and tumor growth. However, the posttranscriptional mechanisms that regulate NK cell functions are not fully understood. Here, we define the role of the microRNA cluster known as Mirc11 (which includes miRNA-23a, miRNA-24a, and miRNA-27a) in NK cell-mediated proinflammatory responses. Absence of Mirc11 did not alter the development or the antitumor cytotoxicity of NK cells. However, loss of Mirc11 reduced generation of proinflammatory factors in vitro and interferon-γ-dependent clearance of Listeria monocytogenes or B16F10 melanoma in vivo by NK cells. These functional changes resulted from Mirc11 silencing ubiquitin modifiers A20, Cbl-b, and Itch, allowing TRAF6-dependent activation of NF-κB and AP-1. Lack of Mirc11 caused increased translation of A20, Cbl-b, and Itch proteins, resulting in deubiquitylation of scaffolding K63 and addition of degradative K48 moieties on TRAF6. Collectively, our results describe a function of Mirc11 that regulates generation of proinflammatory cytokines from effector lymphocytes.
Development of Durable Antibacterial Textile Fabrics for Potential Application in Healthcare Environment (2020)

Recently, efforts at development of functional textiles with antibacterial effect have accelerated, the purpose being to provide protection against airborne bio-particles and micro-organisms. Growth of microbes on surface of textile materials can be inhibited by biocidal approach and biostatic approach. This paper describes the development of a healthcare textile with durable antibacterial properties by optimizing the conventional and commercialized antimicrobial agent polybiguanide derivative—poly(hexamethylenebiguanide) (PHMB). Pad-dry-cure method was used to coat PHMB on cotton fabrics. The durability to simulated healthcare laundering of the fabric samples was evaluated in detail. Specifically, effects of detergent and washing cycles were examined. It was found that the optimum finishing condition can impart to the fabrics excellent durability for simulated healthcare washing. The fabric samples showed 100% bactericidal effect after 52 washing cycles, and 104 washings slightly reduced the bactericidal activity. Nevertheless, both simulated healthcare washing and coating treatment were found to have slightly negative influence on the hand feel and tearing strength properties of cotton fabrics.
SIMPLIFIED DYNAMICAL SYSTEMS ANALYSIS OF SUPERCAVITATING HIGH-SPEED BODIES (2003)

Supercavitating bodies can achieve very high speeds under water by virtue of reduced drag: with proper design, a cavitation bubble is generated at the nose and skin friction drag is drastically reduced. Depending on the type of supercavitating vehicle under consideration, the overall drag coefficient can be an order of magnitude less than that of a fully-wetted vehicle. However, control and maneuvering present special challenges. This article presents a simplified dynamical systems model that captures what may be considered the key features of the system: namely forces curves that are nearly slope-discontinuous as the vehicle afterbody impacts the cavity boundary, and a time delay associated with the advection of cavity disturbances downstream from the cavitator to the point of afterbody impact. The model is then employed to map the stability of the system as key design parameters are varied, and to investigate the behavior of the system under various conditions.
A Review of Field-to-Transmission Line Coupling Models With Special Emphasis to Lightning-Induced Voltages on Overhead Lines (2012)

We discuss the transmission line (TL) theory and its application to the problem of lightning electromagnetic field coupling to TLs. We start with the derivation of the general field-to-TL coupling equations for the case of a single-wire line above a perfectly conducting ground. The derived equations are solely based on the thin-wire approximation and they do take into account high-frequency radiation effects. Under the TL approximation, the general equations reduce to the Agrawal et al. field-to-TL coupling equations. After a short discussion on the underlying assumptions of the TL theory, three seemingly different but completely equivalent approaches that have been proposed to describe the coupling of electromagnetic fields to TLs are presented. The derived equations are then extended to deal with the presence of losses and multiple conductors and expressions for the line parameters, including the ground impedance and admittance, are presented. The time-domain representation of the field-to-TL coupling equations, which allows for a straightforward treatment of nonlinear phenomena as well as the variation in the line topology, is also described. Solution methods in the frequency domain and in the time domain are given and application examples with reference to lightning-induced voltages are presented and discussed. Specifically, the effects of ground losses and corona are illustrated and discussed. When the traveling voltage and current waves are originated from lumped excitation sources located at a specific location along a TL (direct lightning strike), both the corona phenomenon and ground losses result, in general, in an attenuation and dispersion of propagating surges along TLs. However, when distributed sources representing the action of the electromagnetic field from a nearby lightning illuminating the line are present, ground losses and corona phenomenon could result in important enhancement of the induced voltage magnitude.
A Randomized Controlled Pilot Trial of Azithromycin or Artesunate Added to Sulfadoxine-Pyrimethamine as Treatment for Malaria in Pregnant Women (2007)

ClinialTrials.gov NCT00287300.
Pulmonary crackle characterization: approaches in the use of discrete wavelet transform regarding border effect, mother-wavelet selection, and subband reduction (2015)

Introduction Crackles are discontinuous, non-stationary respiratory sounds and can be characterized by their duration and frequency. In the literature, many techniques of filtering, feature extraction, and classification were presented. Although the discrete wavelet transform (DWT) is a well-known tool in this area, issues like signal border extension, mother-wavelet selection, and its subbands were not properly discussed. Methods In this work, 30 different mother-wavelets 8 subbands were assessed, and 9 border extension modes were evaluated. The evaluations were done based on the energy representation of the crackle considering the mother-wavelet and the border extension, allowing a reduction of not representative subbands. Results Tests revealed that the border extension mode considered during the DWT affects crackle characterization, whereas SP1 (Smooth-Padding of order 1) and ASYMW (Antisymmetric-Padding (whole-point)) modes shall not be used. After DWT, only 3 subbands (D3, D4, and D5) were needed to characterize crackles. Finally, from the group of mother-wavelets tested, Daubechies 7 and Symlet 7 were found to be the most adequate for crackle characterization. Discussion DWT can be used to characterize crackles when proper border extension mode, mother-wavelet, and subbands are taken into account.
Association of adhesive, invasive, and virulent phenotypes of Salmonella typhimurium with autonomous 60-megadalton plasmids (1982)

The plasmid DNA content of six invasive and adhesive strains of Salmonella typhimurium was determined, and all six strains (CR8500 [S850], CR6600 [TML], W118, NY, PR, and S2204) were found to harbor at least one plasmid equivalent in size to the 60-megadalton plasmid ("cryptic" plasmid), pSLT, which is normally resident in S. typhimurium strain LT2. The role of such 60-megadalton plasmids in the adhesive and invasive properties of strain CR6600, a commonly encountered salmonella pathogen that produces type 1 fimbriae, and strain CR8500, a representative FIRN biotype which does not produce type 1 fimbriae, was studied further by obtaining derivatives of these strains that no longer harbored an autonomous 60-megadalton plasmid. Strains CR6260 and CR6190 and strains CR8100 and CR8353, which were "cured" derivatives of strains CR6600 and CR8500, respectively, were significantly less adhesive and invasive in the HeLa cell test. A 53.5-megadalton colicin plasmid harbored by strain CR6600 did not detectably influence these properties. Additionally, strain CR6260 was avirulent, and strain CR8100 was 1,000 to 10,000-fold less virulent for orally infected mice as compared with their respective parental strains. Significantly, the virulence of strain CR8100 correlated with tissue colonization by bacteria that exhibited autonomous copies of a 60-megadalton plasmid. We propose that this plasmid exists in both autonomous and integrated states and that the in vivo environment selects for bacteria with autonomous plasmid copies which can express the virulent phenotype, thus enabling such strains to survive the defense mechanisms of the host.
Fluorescence-enhanced absorption imaging using frequency-domain photon migration: tolerance to measurement error (2001)

Enhanced contrast of frequency-domain photon migration (FDPM) measurements for successful biomedical optical imaging may be theoretically achieved with exogenous fluorescence contrast agents. However in practice, the reduced fluorescence signals detected at the air-tissue interface possess significant noise when compared to the signals collected at the incident wavelength. In this study, we experimentally assess signal to noise ratios (SNRs) for FDPM measurements in homogeneous tissue-like scattering media which absorb and fluorescence. At 100 MHz, the SNR for our single-pixel FDPM signals at the incident wavelength is approximately constant at 55 dB while the corresponding fluorescence signal SNR is variable with signal power and is approximately 35 dB. Using these SNR values to guide our studies on the tolerance of absorption and fluorescence-enhanced absorption imaging, we show that the noise tolerance of a Born iterative method for reconstruction of absorption from FDPM measurements at the incident wavelength cannot handle the reduced SNR that is tolerated by a Born iterative type approach for reconstruction of absorption from measurements at the emission wavelength.
Interaction of rat platelets with Listeria monocytogenes (1981)

Listeria monocytogenes induced aggregation of rat platelets in vitro and stimulated the nonlytic release of [3H]serotonin. Listeria-induced platelet aggregation and serotonin release required the presence of intact Listeria, was maximal at a 1:1 Listeria/platelet ratio, required a plasma cofactor, and was not inhibited by indomethacin, acetylsalicylic acid, or apyrase. Aggregation either of platelets in platelet-rich plasma with adenosine diphosphate or of washed platelets with thrombin resulted in the release of a listericidin from the platelets; however, direct interaction of L. monocytogenes with platelet-rich plasma did not kill Listeria. The ability of rats to clear an intravenous challenge of L. monocytogenes (0.005 50% lethal dose), as determined by the recovery of viable L. monocytogenes from the spleen and liver, was unaffected by prior treatment with antiplatelet serum.
Alteration of dapsone metabolism by rifabutin in HIV(+) subjects. (1996)

Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics (1996) 59, 158–158; doi:10.1038/sj.clpt.1996.133
THE GENETIC CONTROL OF PHAGE-INDUCED ENZYMES (1969)

Orthologs and paralogs are two fundamentally different types of homologous genes that evolved, respectively, by vertical descent from a single ancestral gene and by duplication. Orthology and paralogy are key concepts of evolutionary genomics. A ...Read More
The human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Vpu protein specifically binds to the cytoplasmic domain of CD4: implications for the mechanism of degradation (1995)

We have recently demonstrated that coexpression of Vpu and CD4 in HeLa cells results in the degradation of CD4 in the endoplasmic reticulum. The sensitivity of CD4 to Vpu-mediated degradation is conferred by the presence of specific sequences located between amino acids 402 and 420 in the CD4 cytoplasmic domain. Using an in vitro translation system, we also showed that degradation of CD4 by Vpu requires the two proteins to be present in the same membrane compartment. Although these results suggest that spatial proximity between CD4 and Vpu may be critical in triggering degradation, it remains unknown whether the two molecules have the ability to interact with each other. In order to better define the mechanisms involved in CD4 degradation, we investigated the existence and functional relevance of direct interactions between CD4 and Vpu. Coimmunoprecipitation experiments showed that Vpu specifically binds to the cytoplasmic tail of CD4. This phenomenon is relevant to the mechanism of CD4 degradation since the ability of CD8/CD4 chimeric molecules and various CD4 mutants to form complexes with Vpu correlates with their sensitivity to degradation. Accordingly, we found that amino acid residues in the CD4 cytoplasmic tail previously shown to be important for degradation are necessary for Vpu binding. We further demonstrate that a deletion mutant of Vpu as well as a phosphorylation mutant, both biologically inactive with regard to CD4 degradation, retained the capacity to interact with the CD4 cytoplasmic domain. Taken together, these results indicate that Vpu binding is necessary to trigger CD4 degradation. However, the binding to target molecules is not sufficient per se to cause degradation. Interaction between CD4 and Vpu is thus likely to be an early event critical in triggering a multistep process leading to CD4 degradation.
GbSOBIR1 confers Verticillium wilt resistance by phosphorylating the transcriptional factor GbbHLH171 in Gossypium barbadense (2018)

Receptor-like kinases (RLKs) are important components of plant innate immunity. Although recent studies have revealed that the RLK suppressor of BIR1-1 (SOBIR1) can interact with multiple receptor-like proteins and is required for resistance against fungal pathogens, how the signal is transduced and triggers immune responses remains enigmatic. In this study, we identified a defence-related RLK from Gossypium barbadense (designated GbSOBIR1) and investigated its functional mechanism. Expression of the GbSOBIR1 gene is ubiquitous in cotton plants and is induced by Verticillium dahliae inoculation. Knock-down of GbSOBIR1 by virus-induced gene silencing resulted in attenuated resistance of cotton plants to V. dahliae, while heterologous overexpression of GbSOBIR1 in Arabidopsis improves resistance. We also found that the kinase region of GbSOBIR1 interacts with a basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factor identified as GbbHLH171 in a yeast-two-hybrid screen. GbbHLH171 could interact with and be phosphorylated by GbSOBIR1 in vitro and in vivo and contributes positively to the resistance of cotton against V. dahliae. Furthermore, we found that this phosphorylation is essential to the transcriptional activity and functional role of GbbHLH171. We also show by spectrometric analysis and site-directed mutagenesis that Ser413 is the GbSOBIR1-mediated phosphorylation site of GbbHLH171. These results demonstrate that GbSOBIR1 interacts with GbbHLH171 and plays a critical role in cotton resistance to V. dahliae.
Improving speech recognition in reverberation using a room-aware deep neural network and multi-task learning (2015)

In this paper, we propose two approaches to improve deep neural network (DNN) acoustic models for speech recognition in reverberant environments. Both methods utilize auxiliary information in training the DNN but differ in the type of information and the manner in which it is used. The first method uses parallel training data for multi-task learning, in which the network is trained to perform both a primary senone classification task and a secondary feature enhancement task using a shared representation. The second method uses a parameterization of the reverberant environment extracted from the observed signal to train a room-aware DNN. Experiments were performed on the single microphone task of the REVERB Challenge corpus. The proposed approach obtained a word error rate of 7.8% on the SimData test set, which is lower than all reported systems using the same training data and evaluation conditions, and 27.5% on the mismatched RealData test set, which is lower than all but two systems.