gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Robotic Whipple Procedure for pNET: How I Do It and Why (2021)

Introduction: Robotics are increasingly used for major hepato-pancreato-biliary (HPB) surgery. In this study, a case is presented of fully robotic Whipple's procedure for neuroendocrine tumor of the pancreatic head. Our institution is an ENETS center of excellence with a high yearly case load of HPB procedures, and a longstanding and extensive program in robotic surgery for endocrine and GI procedures. Hence, all our “noncomplex” Whipple cases are considered for robotic approach. Patient: A 40 years old female patient with a body mass index of 27.3 kg/m2 and a medical history of conservatively treated splenic rupture was referred with atypical abdominal complaints. On computed tomography (CT) scan, a hypervascular mass was found in the head of the pancreas, which displayed marked avidity on Gallium-68 Dotatate-PET/CT. There was distinct portal vein indentation but no signs of ingrowth. No metastases were seen. Results: The video displays the consecutive steps involved in the fully robotic Whipple procedure. Four robot ports and two assistant ports were used, as well as one 5 mm port for retraction of the liver. The freedom of movement of the robot arms was found to be particularly useful during the dissection of the structures in the hepatoduodenal ligament, and for the construction of the pancreaticojejunostomy and hepticojejunostomy. The procedure took 5.5 hours, blood loss was minimal. The postoperative course was uneventful except for transient chyle leakage that was treated conservatively. Histology analysis revealed a 3.5 cm pNET grade 2, N0, R0. Conclusion: This case illustrates the increased dexterity and visibility of using robot assistance during minimally invasive pancreaticoduodenectomy for pancreatic NET. This approach is feasible and safe, and particularly suited for “difficult” anastomoses in case of soft pancreas and nondilated ducts. We have had NO commercial associations during the past two years that might create a conflict of interest in connection with the video. I.Q.M. and J.H. are proctors in robotic HPB surgery for intuitive surgical. There are no other disclosures. Runtime of video: 12:00 mins 00 secs
Digital image analysis of root distribution towards improved irrigation water and soil management: Grapevine and date palm study cases (2000)

It is presented two study cases about the approach in root analysis at field and laboratory conditions based on digital image analysis. Grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) and date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) root systems were analyzed by both the monolith and trench wall method aided by digital image analysis. Correlation between root parameters and their fractional distribution over the soil profile were obtained, as well as the root diameter estimation. Results have shown the feasibility of digital image analysis for evaluation of root distribution.
Mycophenolate mofetil in animal models of autoimmune disease (2005)

Mycofenolate mofetil (MMF-Cellcept) is an immunomodulatory drug utilized extensively in transplant medicine. The efficacy of regimes including Cellcept in preventing allograft rejection, and in the treatment of rejection, is now firmly established. The immunosuppressive actions of this drug enabled the investigation for the beneficial effects in autoimmune diseases. We review the evidence for the contribution of MMF in autoimmunity in animal models of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), mercury induced autoimmune glomerulonephritis, diabetes mellitus, experimental autoimmune uveoretinitis, and experimental allergic encephalitis. MMF has an influence on the T and B cell pathways. It is immunosuppressive and anti-inflammatory.
Nivolumab (anti-PD-1; BMS-936558, ONO-4538) and ipilimumab in first-line NSCLC: Interim phase I results. (2014)

8023 Background: Nivolumab, a fully human IgG4 programmed death-1 (PD-1) immune checkpoint inhibitor antibody, and ipilimumab, an IgG1 CTLA-4 checkpoint receptor blocking antibody, have shown activity in advanced NSCLC; clinical data in melanoma showed improved responses and a manageable safety profile when combined. We report interim results from a phase I study evaluating first-line nivolumab + ipilimumab (N+I) in advanced NSCLC patients (pts). Methods: Chemotherapy-naive pts (n=46) with squamous (sq) or non-sq NSCLC received the 3 + 1 mg/kg or 1 + 3 mg/kg combination dose IV Q3W for 4 cycles followed by nivolumab 3 mg/kg IV Q2W until progression/unacceptable toxicity. Objective response rate (ORR; RECIST 1.1) was evaluated overall and by baseline tumor PD-L1 status (Dako immunohistochemistry assay). After an amendment, a 1 + 1 mg/kg cohort was added (n=30, data immature at Dec 2013 analysis). Results: In the 4 cohorts with ≥4 months follow up, any-grade treatment-related adverse events (managed with protocol algorithms) were reported in 39 pts (85%; grade 3–4 in 22 pts [48%]) and led to discontinuation in 16 pts. Treatment-related deaths (n=3) were due to respiratory failure, bronchopulmonary hemorrhage and toxic epidermal necrolysis. Responses occurred in all 4 cohorts (Table); overall ORRb was 22% (median duration of response [mDOR] not reached [NR]) and stable disease (SD) 33% (range 13 – 34.1+ wks); 2 pts exhibited unconventional “immune related” responses. In 29 evaluable tumor samples from the study, ORR did not correlate with PD-L1 status. Conclusions: These interim data in pts with advanced NSCLC suggest that a nivolumab + ipilimumab immunotherapy regimen is feasible and demonstrates antitumor activity in both PD-L1+ and PD-L1– pts. Safety will be further assessed at the 1 + 1 mg/kg dose. The recommended combination dose for phase II/III evaluation has not been determined. Clinical trial information: NCT01454102. N1 + I3 Sq N1 + I3 Non-sq N3 + I1 Sq N3 + I1 Non-sq N 7 15 8 16 ORR,a n (%) 1 (14) 1 (7) 2 (25) 2 (13) ORR,b n (%) 1 (14) 2 (13) 3 (38) 4 (25) 3 (14) 7 (29) SD, n (%) 2 (29) 6 (40) 4 (50) 3 (19) mDOR (Kaplan-Meier),a wk (range) NR (9+) NR (21+) 17 (12, 21) NR (24+, 25+) Ongoing responders,a n (%) 1 (100) 1 (100) 0 2 (100) a Confirmed OR only. b Confirmed + unconfirmed OR.
Stereo- and regioselective palladium-catalyzed 1,4-acetoxychlorination of 1,3-dienes. 1-Acetoxy-4-chloro-2-alkenes as versatile synthons in organic transformations (1985)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStereo- and regioselective palladium-catalyzed 1,4-acetoxychlorination of 1,3-dienes. 1-Acetoxy-4-chloro-2-alkenes as versatile synthons in organic transformationsJan E. Baeckvall, Jan E. Nystroem, and Ruth E. NordbergCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1985, 107, 12, 3676–3686Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1985Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1985https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00298a043https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00298a043research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2169Altmetric-Citations211LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Cross-talk between DNA damage and cell survival checkpoints during G2 and mitosis: pharmacologic implications (2005)

In this study, we wanted to clarify the role of survivin-mediated survival signaling during G2 and M in tumor cells treated with DNA-damaging agents. As a cellular model, we selected MOLT-4 human T-cell lymphoblastic leukemia cells that overexpress survivin and nonfunctional p53. Treatment with melphalan, a classic DNA-damaging agent, led to the induction of the DNA damage checkpoint and growth arrest in the G2 phase of the cell cycle. Checkpoint abrogation by caffeine was accompanied by mitotic entry and rapid apoptotic cell death, whereas cells remaining in G2 remained viable during the same time interval. Unexpectedly, when the spindle checkpoint was activated following G2 abrogation, two different effects could be observed. If the microtubules of the melphalan-treated cells were destabilized by nocodazole, cells became arrested in prometaphase with low survivin levels and entered apoptosis. In contrast, if the microtubules of the melphalan-treated cells were stabilized by taxol, cells were still arrested in prometaphase, but apoptotic execution was inhibited. This effect is, most likely, directly mediated by survivin itself given its well-established antiapoptotic functions. In conclusion, depending on the way the spindle checkpoint was activated in cells with damaged DNA, cells could be either protected by survivin or die during mitosis. We suggest that the efficacy of DNA damage checkpoint abrogators used in combination with DNA-damaging agents may critically depend on whether DNA damage is able to invoke spindle checkpoint response and to activate survivin-associated survival signaling during mitosis.
Experimental Investigation on the Effects of Very Low Salinity on Middle Eastern Sandstone Corefloods (2013)

Abstract Low salinity flooding (LSF)- decreasing ionic strength to enhance oil production- is an Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) process currently being evaluated in industry and academia with first deployment beginning. A wettability modification is assumed to take place when decreasing the ionic strength. In this work we explore the effects of varying salinities from formation water down to very low salinity on brine permeability and on effluent composition. The following effects have been investigated: the presence and absence of oil in the core, the cation exchange capacity (CEC), mineral dissolution and cation stripping. The experimental component of this investigation consisted of continuous permeability measurements during flooding at various salinity steps and simultaneous collection of the effluent. The effluent was analyzed using Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP elemental analysis). The CEC's of the rock exposed to the different salinities have also been measured. Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) visual investigations have also been carried out. During the flooding with several different brines, permeability variations were observed. The variation of the ionic composition of the effluent has allowed for: identification and characterization of the temporary divalent cation stripping process the framing of hypotheses about other possible mechanisms taking place in the core during LSF, such as: ○ion exchange between injected brine and the clays as the salinity decreased○The role that CEC plays in the re-equilibration with the new salinity○the CEC variation throughout the experiment at Sor○mineral dissolution and clay deflocculation. The comprehensive suite of tools and techniques used here has given more insights into the mechanisms taking place when decreasing the ionic strength and their use can serve to improve the deployment of the technology, including the prevention of formation damage.
Exploring the Sponge Consortium Plakortis symbiotica–Xestospongia deweerdtae as a Potential Source of Antimicrobial Compounds and Probing the Pharmacophore for Antituberculosis Activity of Smenothiazole A by Diverted Total Synthesis (2017)

Fractionation of the bioactive CHCl<sub>3</sub>-MeOH (1:1) extracts obtained from two collections of the sponge consortium Plakortis symbiotica-Xestospongia deweerdtae from Puerto Rico provided two new plakinidone analogues, designated as plakinidone B (2) and plakinidone C (3), as well as the known plakinidone (1), plakortolide F (4), and smenothiazole A (5). The structures of 1-5 were characterized on the basis of 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopic, IR, UV, and HRMS analysis. The absolute configurations of plakinidones 2 and 3 were established through chemical correlation methods, VCD/ECD experiments, and spectroscopic data comparisons. When assayed in vitro against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H<sub>37</sub>Rv, none of the plakinidones 1-3 displayed significant activity, whereas smenothiazole A (5) was the most active compound, exhibiting an MIC value of 4.1 μg/mL. Synthesis and subsequent biological screening of 8, a dechlorinated version of smenothiazole A, revealed that the chlorine atom in 5 is indispensable for anti-TB activity.
High-efficiency stacked white organic light-emitting diodes (2008)

We report efficient tandem white organic light-emitting diodes (WOLEDs) by using bathocuproine:Cs2CO3∕MoO3 as an effective interconnecting layer. We utilized two primary colors of sky blue and orange fluorescent emitters to obtain efficient white electroluminescence. Although single WOLEDs using two adjacent emitting layers showed a maximum current efficiency of 7.96cd∕A with Commission Internationale d’Eclairage (CIE) coordinates of (0.28, 0.34), the tandem WOLED device made by stacking two single color OLEDs in series demonstrated doubled maximum current efficiency of 17.14cd∕A with CIE coordinates of (0.28, 0.41). The stacking of different single color OLEDs in series instead of double stacking of WOLEDs can be useful to achieve highly efficient WOLEDs because it can reduce the number of layers of the devices.
Germinal Center B Cells and Mixed Leukocyte Reactions (1989)

The present study was undertaken to determine if germinal center (GC) B cells are sufficiently activated to stimulate mixed leukocyte reactions (MLR). Percoll density fractionation and a panning technique with peanut agglutinin (PNA) were used to isolate GC B cells from the lymph nodes of immune mice. The GC B cells were treated with mitomycin C or irradiation and used to stimulate allogeneic or syngeneic splenic T cells in the MLR. Controls included high-density (HD) B cells prepared from spleens of the same mice and HD B cells activated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and dextran sulfate. GC B cells bound high amount sof PNA (i.e., PNAhi). Similarly, the LPS-dextran sulfate-activated B cells were PNAhi. Treatment with neuraminidase rendered the PNAlo HD B cells PNAhi. GC B cells and the LPS-dextran sulfate-activated HD B cells stimulated a potent MLR, while the untreated HD B cells did not. However, following neuraminidase treatment, the resulting PNAhi HD B cell population was able to induce an MLR. The PNA marker appeared to be an indicator of stimulatory activity, but incubating the cells with PNA to bind the cell surface ligand did not interfere with the MLR. GC B cells were also capable of stimulating a syngeneic MLR in most experiments although this was not consistently obtained. It appears that germinal centers represent a unique in vivo microenvironment that provides the necessary signals for B cells to become highly effective antigen-presenting cells.
ChemInform Abstract: N‐Functionalized Amino‐Aluminum and ‐Boron Complexes: Intramolecular Aromatic Nitrogen‐Assisted Formation of Aminoboranes. (1990)

Abstract Treatment of the heterocyclic bis(trimethylsilyl)amines (III) and (VIII) with boron trichloride (IV) results in the formation of the boron complexes (V), (VI), (IX), or (X).
Reduction of metal streak artifacts in X-ray computed tomography using a transmission maximum a posteriori algorithm (2000)

A maximum a posteriori algorithm for reduction of metal streak artifacts in X-ray computed tomography is presented. The algorithm uses a Markov random field smoothness prior and applies increased sampling in the reconstructed image. Good results are obtained for simulations and phantom measurements: streak artifacts are reduced while small, line-shaped details are preserved.
On-Line, Mass Spectrometric Determination of Ammonia from Oil Shale Pyrolysis Using Isobutane Chemical Ionization (1989)

Ammonia is the predominant nitrogen-containing species formed during the pyrolysis of oil shale. An on-line method of determining ammonia was developed to study kinetics and chemistry of formation and evolution. While fragmentation of water interferes with electron ionization mass spectrometry, chemical ionization mass spectrometry using isobutane reagent gas gave excellent sensitivity and selectivity for ammonia. All transfer and sampling lines from the retort were heated to approximately 150°C. We successfully measured ammonia evolution from various oil shales retorted under a variety of conditions, including steam retorting.
Specificity Controls for Immunocytochemical Methods (2000)

Immunocytochemistry is used for antibody localization of proteins in cells and tissues. The specificity of the results depends on two independent criteria: the specificity of the antibody and of the method used. The antibody specificity is best determined by immunoblot and or immunoprecipitation. Absorption of the antibody with a protein does not determine that the antibody would have bound to the same protein in the tissue, and therefore is not a good control for antibody specificity. The specificity of the method is best determined by both a negative control, replacing the primary antibody with serum, and a positive control, using the antibody with cells known to contain the protein. With the increasing use of immunocytochemistry, it is important to be aware of the appropriate controls needed to show specificity of the labeling. (J Histochem Cytochem 48:163-165, 2000)
Implementing communication protocols in Java (1998)

As the number and variety of Web- and network-based applications continues to increase, so does the need for flexible communication protocols and services to support them. Traditionally, a major impediment to deployment of new protocols and services is the need to upgrade millions of end systems with compatible implementations. At the same time, Java-a language explicitly designed to support development and distribution of new applications via the Web-is emerging as a (potentially) ubiquitous system platform. It is therefore natural to consider whether Java might speed the introduction of protocols to better support new applications. We discuss the suitability of Java as an environment for implementing and deploying communication protocols. Using insights from a Java-based protocol suite and supporting protocol subsystem we have implemented, we describe the benefits of using Java for protocol development and deployment, and how protocol programmers can implement protocols taking advantage of those benefits.
Potential Mechanisms Leading to Overuse Injuries of the Back in Alpine Ski Racing (2015)

Prevention measures should aim to control and/or reduce the magnitude of frontal bending, lateral bending, and torsion in the trunk, as well as the peak loads, while skiing.
Characterization of electrophoretic suspension for thin polymer film deposition (2012)

The optical absorption and fluorescence spectra of poly [2-methoxy-5-(3',7'-dimethyloctyloxy)-1,4-phenylenevinylene] toluene solutions and 50:50% toluene/acetonitrile suspensions show clearly distinguishable differences (e.g., peak broadening and shifting), which could be used for characterization of suspensions with different acetonitrile content. The dynamic light scattering (DLS) measurement of the suspensions prepared showed a particle size of 90 nm. Thin films with thicknesses of about 400 nm were prepared by electrophoretic deposition (EPD) and spin coating. As the films are very soft, a contactless optical profilometry techique based on chromatic aberration was used to measure their thickness. AFM imaging of spin coated and EPD films revealed film roughness of 20÷40 nm and 40÷80 nm, respectively. The EPD film roughness seems to be less than the suspension particle size obtained by DLS, probably due to the partial film dissolving by the toluene present in the suspension.
Multimodel Inference (2004)

The model selection literature has been generally poor at reflecting the deep foundations of the Akaike information criterion (AIC) and at making appropriate comparisons to the Bayesian information criterion (BIC). There is a clear philosophy, a sound criterion based in information theory, and a rigorous statistical foundation for AIC. AIC can be justified as Bayesian using a “savvy” prior on models that is a function of sample size and the number of model parameters. Furthermore, BIC can be derived as a non-Bayesian result. Therefore, arguments about using AIC versus BIC for model selection cannot be from a Bayes versus frequentist perspective. The philosophical context of what is assumed about reality, approximating models, and the intent of model-based inference should determine whether AIC or BIC is used. Various facets of such multimodel inference are presented here, particularly methods of model averaging.
Software to Visualize Proteins and Perform Structural Alignments (2021)

Availability of protein structural data is accelerating at an astounding rate, facilitating in silico biochemical and biophysical analyses that require visualization methods. In particular, increased accessibility of representatives within respective protein families is empowering investigators to perform structural model comparisons that provide both functional and evolutionary insights at much more refined levels than previously possible. Numerous software platforms, including several free and open source versions, are available for users to interrogate protein structural models. In this article, three structural alignment protocols are described using freely available software to investigate aspects of protein structure evolution at quaternary, tertiary, and domain levels, respectively. Mapping distinct subunit interfaces and active site positioning within the PfpI/DJ-1 protein superfamily reveals quaternary structure that can have a prominent role in determination of distinct enzyme activities. In contrast, cytochrome c proteins are under strong evolutionary constraints due to their critical role in energy generation, and as a result, structural conservation is observed. However, substitutions within these conserved folds occur in distinct species, presumably to influence interactions with protein complexes involved in electron transport. Lastly, evolution of distinct allosteric mechanisms within winged helix-turn-helix transcriptional regulators, as well as protein dynamics, are revealed through visualization of metal- and redox-responsive DNA-binding proteins. The software platforms used in these protocols are Swiss-PDBViewer and PyMOL. Swiss-PDBViewer is an easy to implement, end-user software that is excellent for entry into protein visualization methods. PyMOL is also easy to implement, but offers greater depth for advanced investigations and visualizations, as well as the ability to capture protein structure conformational changes. © 2021 Wiley Periodicals LLC. Basic Protocol 1: Exploring quaternary structure evolution with Swiss-PDBViewer Alternate Protocol: Exploring tertiary structure evolution with Swiss-PDBViewer Basic Protocol 2: Visualizing allostery using PyMOL.
The art of beyond the desktop (2000)

In this session, members from the industry representing different areas of Beyond the Desktop theme will discuss the future challenges of HCI.