gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Alternative Strategies to Inhibit Tumor Vascularization (2019)

Endothelial cells present in tumors show different origin, phenotype, and genotype with respect to the normal counterpart. Various mechanisms of intra-tumor vasculogenesis sustain the complexity of tumor vasculature, which can be further modified by signals deriving from the tumor microenvironment. As a result, resistance to anti-VEGF therapy and activation of compensatory pathways remain a challenge in the treatment of cancer patients, revealing the need to explore alternative strategies to the classical anti-angiogenic drugs. In this review, we will describe some alternative strategies to inhibit tumor vascularization, including targeting of antigens and signaling pathways overexpressed by tumor endothelial cells, the development of endothelial vaccinations, and the use of extracellular vesicles. In addition, anti-angiogenic drugs with normalizing effects on tumor vessels will be discussed. Finally, we will present the concept of endothelial demesenchymalization as an alternative approach to restore normal endothelial cell phenotype.
Multiple Upstream Interface Support for IGMP/MLD Proxy (2020)

This document describes the way of supporting multiple upstream
interfaces for an IGMP/MLD proxy device. The proposed extension
enables an IGMP/MLD proxy device to receive multicast sessions/
channels through the different upstream interfaces. The upstream
interface is selected based on the subscriber address prefixes,
channel/session IDs, and interface priority values. A mechanism for
upstream interface takeover that enables to switch from an inactive
upstream interface to an active upstream interface is also described.
ChemInform Abstract: Formation of Homoleptic Tetracarbene versus cis‐Chelating Dicarbene Complexes of Nickel(II) and Applications in Kumada—Corriu Couplings. (2009)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Influence of properties of adsorbent, and of the surface and bulk solutions on adsorption from solution (1969)

To elucidate the effect of the molecular field of surface solution on adsorption equilibrium the experimental adsorption isotherms of toluene from solutions in n-heptane on the hydroxylated surface of silica gel and on weakly oxidized and non-oxidized channel carbon blacks were analyzed using expressions following from the model of monolayer adsorption and the thermodynamics of adsorption from solutions. Assuming an ideal surface solution, the thermodynamic equation approximately describes the experimental isotherm only for strong specific adsorption of toluene on the hydroxylated silica gel. It completely fails to describe the isotherm (having an azeotropic point) for weak non-specific adsorption on the non-oxidized carbon black. The calculated activity coefficients in the surface solutions and equilibrium constants reflect the decrease in the specific interaction of toluene with the adsorbents in passing from the hydroxylated silica gel surface through weakly oxidized carbon black to non-oxidized carbon black.
Recombinant soluble FcγRII inhibits immune complex precipitation (1995)

Control of IgG immune complex formation and deposition is important in determining the nature and extent of subsequent immune effector responses, and appears to be aberrant in some autoimmune diseases. In this study we demonstrate that recombinant soluble Fc gamma RII (rsFc gamma RII) is an effective modulator of immune complex formation, delaying immune precipitation in a manner which is dose-dependent, and can be specifically inhibited by anti-Fc gamma RII MoAb Fab' fragments. This inhibitory role in immune precipitation also provides a possible mechanistic explanation for our previous demonstration of the efficacy of rsFc gamma RII as an inhibitor of immune complex-induced inflammation in the Arthus reaction in vivo. RsFc gamma RII inhibited immune complex precipitation in two different experimental systems. First, rsFc gamma RII inhibited the precipitation of 125I-bovine serum albumin (BSA)-anti-BSA complexes in a dose-dependent manner, while an irrelevant protein (soybean trypsin inhibitor) had no effect on the precipitation of the immune complexes. Moreover, rsFc gamma RII inhibited the precipitation of ovalbumin (OVA)-anti-OVA complexes as determined by turbidimetric analysis, where the inhibition of immune complex precipitation by rsFc gamma RII was dose-dependent and was specifically blocked by prior incubation with Fab' fragments of a blocking MoAb to Fc gamma RII. RsFc gamma RII could inhibit the precipitation of BSA-anti-BSA complexes in the presence of excess bystander IgG and did not inhibit complement-mediated prevention of immune precipitation, demonstrating that rsFc gamma RII did not block C1 binding to the BSA-anti-BSA complex. Unlike complement, rsFc gamma RII could not cause re-solubilization of pre-formed precipitated BSA-anti-BSA complexes. Soluble Fc gamma Rs have been detected in biological fluids of normal and inflammatory disease patients, yet the role of sFc gamma R is still unclear. However, they now play a potential role in the modulation of immune complex solubility.
Spin-transfer torque switching in nanopillar superconducting-magnetic hybrid Josephson junctions (2014)

The combination of superconducting and magnetic materials to create novel superconducting devices has been motivated by the discovery of Josephson critical current (Ics) oscillations as a function of magnetic layer thickness and the demonstration of devices with switchable critical currents. However, none of the hybrid devices have shown any spintronic effects, such as spin-transfer torque, which are currently used in room-temperature magnetic devices, including spin-transfer torque random-access memory and spin-torque nano-oscillators. We have developed nanopillar Josephson junctions with a minimum feature size of 50 nm and magnetic barriers exhibiting magnetic pseudo-spin-valve behavior at 4 K. These devices allow current-induced magnetization switching that results in 20-fold changes in Ics. The current-induced magnetic switching is consistent with spin-transfer torque models for room-temperature magnetic devices. Our work demonstrates that devices that combine superconducting and spintronic functions show promise for the development of a nanoscale, nonvolatile, cryogenic memory technology.
8 (2008)

De heer A. is 39 jaar en geboren in Marokko. Hij is in twee jaar 12 kilo afgevallen, en wel van 72 naar 60 kilo; de afgelopen twee jaar is hij wisselend misselijk, braakt af en toe en heeft een matige eetlust. Hij voelt zich moe en als gevolg van deze moeheid werkt hij niet meer.
CELLULAR LOCALIZATION OF A PROLACTIN-LIKE ANTIGEN IN THE RAT BRAIN (1979)

The distribution of immunoreactive neurones and fibres was studied in rat brain using an antiserum to rat prolactin. Neurones containing the immunoreactive material were localized in the arcuate, ventromedial, premamillary, supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei of the hypothalamus. Immunoreactive nerve fibres were widely distributed within the brain. No differences were observed in labelling between male and female rats, or as a consequence of hypophysectomy.
Ion Exchange Thermodynamics at the Rutile–Water Interface: Flow Microcalorimetric Measurements and Surface Complexation Modeling of Na–K–Rb–Cl–NO3 Adsorption (2017)

Flow microcalorimetry was used to investigate the energetics associated with Rb+, K+, Na+, Cl–, and NO3– exchange at the rutile–water interface. Heats of exchange reflected differences in bulk hydration/dehydration enthalpies (Na+ > K+ > Rb+, and Cl– > NO3–) such that exchanging Na+ or Cl– from the surface was exothermic, reflecting their greater bulk hydration enthalpies. Exchange heats were measured at pH 2, 3.25, 5.8, and 11 and exhibited considerable differences as well as pH dependence. These trends were rationalized with the aid of a molecularly constrained surface complexation model (SCM) that incorporated the inner-sphere binding observed for the cations on the rutile (110) surface. Explicitly accounting for the inner-sphere binding configuration differences between Rb+, K+, and Na+, as well as accompanying differences in negative surface charge development, resulted in much better agreement with measured exchange ratios than by considering bulk hydration enthalpies alone. The observation that calculated exchange ratios agreed with those measured experimentally lends additional credence to the SCM. Consequently, flow microcalorimetry and surface complexation modeling are a useful complement of techniques for probing the energetics associated with ion exchange and adsorption processes and should also serve to help validate molecular simulations of interfacial energetics.
Self-aligned control of threshold voltages in sub-0.2-μm MOSFETs (1998)

We propose a new method to control the threshold voltages (V/sub th/) in sub-0.2 /spl mu/m MOSFETs. The method suppresses V/sub th/ fluctuations caused by variations in the fabricated gate length. Our scheme is to change the concentration of the channel impurity according to the gate length by tilted ion implantation from two directions after the polysilicon gate formation. We show the feasibility of our process by two-dimensional (2-D) process and device simulations. Then we clarify that our scheme was realized in fabricated nMOSFETs. We also measured the V/sub th/ in numerous MOSFETs and show that our method can indeed suppress V/sub th/ fluctuations caused by variations in the fabricated gate length.
Behavior of Lead-Free Solder Under Thermomechanical Loading (2004)

This paper presents an investigation of lead-free Sn-Ag base alloy, 95.5Sn-3.9Ag-0.6Cu, both experimentally and analytically. Experimentally, the deformation behavior of the material was measured for different temperatures (25°C and 1000°C) over a range of strain rates (10−5 to 10−3/s) under isothermal and thermomechanical conditions. Development of a unified viscoplastic constitutive model followed, taking into account the effects of the measured strain rate and temperature changes. The temperature rate effects are considered in the evolution equation of back stress. In order to include material degradation in the solder, the theory of damage mechanics is applied by introducing two damage variables in the viscoplastic constitutive model. Finally, the constitutive model is coded into a general-purpose finite element computer program (ABAQUS) through its user-defined material subroutine (UMAT). The damage-coupled finite element analysis (FEA) is then employed to monitor the condition of failure of a notched component. The predicted and measured maximum loads have been compared and found to be satisfactory. In addition, the calculated damage distribution contours enable the identification of potential failure site for failure analysis.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Antiviral Activity of 5‐Hydroxyindole Derivatives. (1989)

Abstract Starting with the 5‐acetoxyindoles (I), the derivatives (II), (IV), (VI), (VII), (IX), and (X) are prepared by common methods.
Modelling multiple levels of abstraction in hierarchical control structures (2017)

STPA makes use of a functional system representation in the form of a Hierarchical Control Structure and takes this model as starting point for the analysis process. The development of the Hierarchical Control Structure typically involves multiple iterations and starts at a rather abstract view which is refined during the modelling process. In the majority of cases the Hierarchical Control Structure Diagram is used synonymously to the Hierarchical Control Structure (model). In other words: The Hierarchical Control Structure Diagram is the model and besides of the diagram representation there is no more documentation. Differentiating models from their representation as diagrams – which is common in model-based systems engineering – opens up a number of new opportunities. This applies to STPA as well. In the context of this talk, two of these opportunities will be addressed. 1) Depending on the analysis scope and the system analyzed, it is of advantage to visualize the Hierarchical Control Structure (model) with the help of multiple diagrams. For example when different mission phases like system development and system operation need to be considered. The idea is not to analyze the mission phases separately. This would be against the fundamental STAMP principle of holism. Instead the objective is to use multiple diagrams in order to represent different viewpoints and characteristics of one and the same system. For example to explicitly highlight the interaction between the mission phases. 2) STPA is flexible with respect to the level of detail explicitly modelled in a Hierarchical Control Structure. A system may be modelled with only a handful of controllers irrespectively of the complexity of the system. However, the analyst may also decide to go into more details and identify for the same system many more controllers. Later represents the same system but at a different level of abstraction. It goes without saying that the level of abstraction not only affects controllers but the control flow, that is the control actions and feedback, as well. As a matter of fact, it is not uncommon to start the modelling process at an abstract level and refine the model stepwise while progressing with modelling. The second aspect in this talk addresses working with different levels of abstraction, discusses the pros and cons of this approach and touches upon the various consistency considerations which have to be taken into account.
Irofulven Demonstrates Clinical Activity Against Metastatic Hormone-Refractory Prostate Cancer in a Phase 2 Single-Agent Trial (2005)

Irofulven shows activity in hormone-refractory prostate cancer and has an acceptable safety profile, warranting further investigation of this drug, particularly in combination therapies.
The identity of figitid parasitoids (Hymenoptera: Cynipoidea: Figitidae) of anthomyiid flies in conifer cones (2018)

Larvae of Strobilomyia flies (Diptera: Anthomyiidae) are serious pests in conifer-seed orchards because they feed on the seed inside the cones. Figitid parasitoids (Hymenoptera: Cynipoidea) of Strobilomyia larvae in conifer cones are commonly reported but under various generic names. It is argued here that, across the entire Holarctic region, these figitids belong to Amphithectus and perhaps also to Sarothrus (Figitinae), but not to Melanips (Aspicerinae), contrary to some reports. We conclude that the identity of the commonly found figitid associated with conifer cones (Larix and Picea) in Europe and Asia is Amphithectus austriacus (Tavares, 1928) comb. n. This is most likely considering the original description and the host association, although the type specimen of Seitneria austriaca Tavares, 1928 is lost. This species name takes priority over the recently described Amphithectus coriaceus Paretas-Martinez &amp; Pujade-Villar, 2013. Seitneria Tavares, 1928 becomes a new junior synonym of Amphithectus Hartig, 1840, and Amphithectus coriaceus Paretas-Martinez &amp; Pujade-Villar, 2013 becomes a new synonym of Amphithectus austriacus (Tavares, 1928) comb. n.
Abstract 16605: Alterations of a Cellular Cholesterol Metabolism Network is a Molecular Feature of Obesity-Related Type 2 Diabetes and Cardiovascular Disease (2014)

Obesity is linked to type 2 diabetes (T2D) and cardiovascular diseases; however, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear. We aimed to identify obesity-associated molecular features that ...
Changes of Electrical Characteristics for AlGaN/GaN HEMTs Under Uniaxial Tensile Strain (2009)

This letter investigates the characteristics of unpassivated AlGaN/GaN high-electron mobility transistors (HEMTs) under uniaxial tensile strain. Mechanical stress can produce additional charges that change the HEMT channel current. This phenomenon is dependent upon gate orientation and may be the result of the piezoelectric effect and changes in electron mobility due to the applied uniaxial stress. In addition, results show that tensile strain reduces the transient current, which is likely due to the additional donorlike surface states created through the piezoelectric effect.
Investigation of explosion hazard in longwall coal mines by combining CFD with 1/40th scaled physical modeling (2021)

To evaluate methane explosion hazards in longwall coal mines, researchers at the Colorado School of Mines have developed a Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) model, along with a 1/40th scaled, optically accessible model of an underground longwall mining section. In this project, CFD models assisted in the design of the physical model to ensure specifications were met for accurately representing the scaling physics as well as assist in narrowing the experimental matrix and identifying key locations for sensor placement to measure, flow, pressure, and gas concentrations. This procedure will help develop a mine wide methane monitoring system to improve methane ignition and explosion mitigation strategies in longwall coal operation.
Debinding of additively manufactured parts from spinel powders with particle sizes below 200 nm (2022)

The widespread application of additive manufacturing in ceramics is still hindered by recurrent cracking issues during debinding. To date, the various strategies that have been attempted to reduce this problem often fail upon particle size reduction. Indeed, a reduction in particle size affects the diffusion rates (e.g. pore network) such that even slow heating rates and long dwell times during debinding may not prevent crack formation. In this study, the analysis of the curing and debinding behavior of magnesium aluminate spinel in different acrylates and one methacrylate was performed. Crack formation was analyzed by combining thermal effects with FTIR and dilatometry data. The strategy to reduce exothermal effects through the addition of propylene carbonate (i.e. non-reactive diluent) was evaluated.
Average Case Tractability of Non-homogeneous Tensor Product Problems (2011)

We study d-variate approximation problems in the average case setting with respect to a zero-mean Gaussian measure. Our interest is focused on measures having a structure of non-homogeneous linear tensor product, where covariance kernel is a product of univariate kernels. We consider the normalized average error of algorithms that use finitely many evaluations of arbitrary linear functionals. The information complexity is defined as the minimal number n(h,d) of such evaluations for error in the d-variate case to be at most h. The growth of n(h,d) as a function of h^{-1} and d depends on the eigenvalues of the covariance operator and determines whether a problem is tractable or not. Four types of tractability are studied and for each of them we find the necessary and sufficient conditions in terms of the eigenvalues of univariate kernels. We illustrate our results by considering approximation problems related to the product of Korobov kernels characterized by a weights g_k and smoothnesses r_k. We assume that weights are non-increasing and smoothness parameters are non-decreasing. Furthermore they may be related, for instance g_k=g(r_k) for some non-increasing function g. In particular, we show that approximation problem is strongly polynomially tractable, i.e., n(h,d)\le C h^{-p} for all d and 01. For other types of tractability we also show necessary and sufficient conditions in terms of the sequences g_k and r_k.
Surface dynamics of the layered ruthenate Ca1.9Sr0.1RuO4 (2004)

Abstract The strong coupling between electronic, lattice, orbital, and spin degrees of freedom in transition metal oxides implies that the symmetry breaking at the surface of these materials should lead to a rich surface phase diagram and interesting new physics. Here we investigate the surface phases of the Ca 2– x Sr x RuO 4 system that (in bulk) can be tuned from a Mott insulator ( x = 0) to a p ‐wave superconductor ( x = 2) without changing the electron count. This system therefore displays a “bandwidth controlled” metal‐insulator transition. Electronic and structural properties of these surfaces are studied by variable temperature High Resolution Electron Energy Loss Spectroscopy (HREELS) and Low Energy Electron Diffraction (LEED). It is found that broken symmetry on the Sr 2 RuO 4 surface results in the rotation of RuO 4 octahedra relative to bulk positions along the c ‐axis, changing the relative in‐plane Ru‐O bond length and shifting the surface phonon energies. The substitution of Ca ions in Sr 2 RuO 4 crystals results in a rotation plus a tilt of the RuO 6 octahedra creating a Mott‐insulator phase. In particular, Ca 1.9 Sr 0.1 RuO 4 exhibits a Mott transition below 154 K in bulk single crystals. However, with HREELS, we observed phonon and conductivity dynamics at the surface of Ca 1.9 Sr 0.1 RuO 4 crystals below ∼130 K, indicating a lower surface Mott transition temperature than in the bulk. (© 2004 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH &amp; Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Establishing a Continuous Glucose Monitoring Program (2008)

Real-time continuous glucose monitoring (RT-CGM) devices provide detailed information on glucose patterns and trends, and alarms that alert the patient to both hyper- and hypoglycemia. This technology can dramatically improve the day-to-day management of patients with diabetes and promises to be a major advance in diabetes care. The safe and effective use of RT-CGM in diabetes management rests on an understanding of several physiological as well as technological issues. This article outlines the key issues that should be addressed in the training curriculum for patients starting on RT-CGM: (1) physiologic lag between interstitial and blood glucose levels and the implications for device calibration, and interpretation and use of data in diabetes management; (2) practical considerations with the use of sensor alarms and caveats in the setting of alarm thresholds; and (3) potential risk for hypoglycemia related to excessive postprandial bolusing by RT-CGM users, and the practical implications for patient training.
IBR Block Copolymers as Compatibilizers in NR/BR Blends (1993)

Abstract The effect of the addition of 1,4-polyisoprene-1 ,4-polybutadiene (IBR) block copolymers on polymer compatibility and vulcanizate properties of a natural rubber/ cis -1,4-polybutadiene rubber blend is studied. Differential scanning calorimetry and transmission electron microscopy are used to determine the degree of polymer compatibility and vulcamzate properties are measured in a sulfur cured, carbon-black filled rubber compound Block copolymer composition, concentration and molecular weight are found to be critical. Improvements in compatibility and vulcamzate properties are observed at low concentrations of IBR block copolymers.
Association Between Clinical Symptoms and Radiographic Features in Late-Stage Knee Osteoarthritis Using a New Radiographic Parameter (2021)

The attrition of tibial subchondral bone determined by the new parameter, the plateau attrition index, was correlated with symptoms, especially weight-bearing pain in late-stage knee OA.