gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Multi-modal image fusion for multispectral super-resolution in microscopy (2019)

Spectral imaging is a ubiquitous tool in modern biochemistry. Despite acquiring dozens to thousands of spectral channels, existing technology cannot capture spectral images at the same spatial resolution as structural microscopy. Due to partial voluming and low light exposure, spectral images are often difficult to interpret and analyze. This highlights a need to upsample the low-resolution spectral image by using spatial information contained in the high-resolution image, thereby creating a fused representation with high specificity both spatially and spectrally. In this paper, we propose a framework for the fusion of co-registered structural and spectral microscopy images to create super-resolved representations of spectral images. As a first application, we super-resolve spectral images of retinal tissue imaged with confocal laser scanning microscopy, by using spatial information from structured illumination microscopy. Second, we super-resolve mass spectroscopic images of mouse brain tissue, by using spatial information from high-resolution histology images. We present a systematic validation of model assumptions crucial towards maintaining the original nature of spectra and the applicability of super-resolution. Goodness-of-fit for spectral predictions are evaluated through functional <i>R</i> <sup>2</sup> values, and the spatial quality of the super-resolved images are evaluated using normalized mutual information.
Effects of exposure to formaldehyde and tobacco smoking on genotoxicity biomarkers (2011)

Formaldehyde (FA) is a colour less gas widely used in the industry and hospitals as an aqueous solution, formalin. It is extremely reactive and induces various genotoxic effects in proliferating cultured mammalian cells. Tobacco smoke has been epidemiologically associated to a higher risk of development of cancer, especially in the oral cavity, larynx and lungs, as these are places of direct contact with many carcinogenic tobacco’s compounds. Approximately 90% of human cancers originate from epithelial cells. Therefore, it could be argued that oral epithelial cells represent a preferred target site for early genotoxic events induced by carcinogenic agents entering the body via inhalation and ingestion. The cytokinesis-blocked micronucleus assay (CBMN) in human lymphocytes is one of the most commonly used methods for measuring DNA damage, namely the detection of micronucleus, nucleoplasmic bridges, and nuclear buds.
A Randomized Controlled Trial of Fluorouracil Plus Leucovorin, Irinotecan, and Oxaliplatin Combinations in Patients With Previously Untreated Metastatic Colorectal Cancer (2023)

The FOLFOX regimen of oxaliplatin and infused fluorouracil plus leucovorin was active and comparatively safe. It should be considered as a standard therapy for patients with advanced colorectal cancer.
Accelerated Aging of Polyester-Based Legacy Audio Magnetic Tape Stock (2022)

This study reports on new research into the longevity of polyester-based magnetic audio tapes. Open-reel test tapes produced 10 to 20 years ago were subjected to a variety of accelerated temperature and relative humidity ranges, chosen to best predict and assess potential conditions for storage in institutions with and without controlled environmental options. Changes to the tapes’ physical, magnetic, and chemical properties were measured to assess their impact on the tapes’ usability. The results indicated that under standard room temperature conditions, the tapes tested may remain usable for as long as 100 years, more than doubling previous estimates, a finding that could have significant implications for preservation planning of audiovisual collections.
A simplified benchmarking model for the assessment of dimensional accuracy in FDM processes (2015)

As the number of applications for additive manufacturing has increased in recent years, so has the number of benchmarking objects used in the assessment of additive manufacturing processes. These objects enable the assessment of printer and material performance in a number of areas, one of which is dimensional accuracy. Many of these objects, however, take considerable time and material to produce. Further, a large proportion of the volume of these test objects does not directly contribute to the assessment of dimensional accuracy. This paper proposes a new benchmarking object that addresses these issues. The object proposed in this paper is compared with two other commonly used benchmarking objects in the areas of mass, print time, volume, proportion of volume dedicated to measurable test features, and feature quantity. Further, conditions under which a simplified benchmarking object might be employed are evaluated.
Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces Empowered THz Communication in LEO Satellite Networks (2022)

Massive swarms of low Earth orbit (LEO) satellites are poising to serve for high-speed and low-latency ubiquitous connectivity with almost global coverage. Broadband inter-satellite communication is one of the key elements of satellite communication systems that orchestrate massive satellite swarms in cooperation. Thanks to technological advancements in microelectronics and micro-systems, the terahertz (THz) band has emerged as a strong candidate for inter-satellite links (ISLs) due to its promise of wideband communication. Especially, multi-antenna systems can improve the system performance along with the wideband supported by the THz band. However, multi-antenna systems should be reconsidered due to their size, weight, and price/power (SWaP) constraints. On the other hand, as a state-of-art multi-antenna technology, reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) is able to relax SWaP constraints because of its passive component-based structures. However, as similar reflection characteristic throughout wideband is difficult to meet, it is possible to observe beam misalignment. In this work, we first provide an assessment of the use of the THz band for ISLs and quantify the impact of misalignment fading on error performance. Then, in order to compensate for the high path loss associated with high carrier frequencies, and to further improve the signal–to–noise ratio (SNR), we propose the use of RISs mounted on neighboring satellites to enable signal propagation. Based on a mathematical analysis of the problem, we present the error rate expressions for RIS-assisted ISLs with misalignment fading. Also, numerical results show that RIS can leverage the error rate performance and achievable capacity of THz ISLs.
Optically scanned phase sensitive micro-scope (1985)

Optical microscopy is widely used as a method of evaluating small-scale surface features. In examining these features, quantitative information about both the lateral dimensions and height is of Interest.
Protecting DSP circuits through obfuscation (2014)

This paper presents a novel approach to protect digital signal processing (DSP) circuits through obfuscation by using high-level transformations. The goal is to design DSP circuits that are harder to reverse engineer. High-level transformations of iterative data-flow graphs have been exploited for area-speed-power tradeoffs. This is the first attempt to develop a design flow to apply high-level transformations that not only meet these tradeoffs but also simultaneously obfuscate the architectures both structurally and functionally. Several modes of operations are introduced for obfuscation where the outputs are either meaningful from a signal processing point of view, but functionally incorrect, or non-meaningful. Experimental results show that the proposed methodology only introduces relatively small overhead, while a high level of obfuscation is achieved. For instance, the area overhead for a (3l)th-order IIR filter benchmark is only 17.7% with a 128-bit configuration key.
Template Ordered Open-Grid Arrays of Paired Endohedral Fullerenes (2006)

Developing useful molecular systems, such as planar networks for novel molecular electronics, requires the ability to control the way molecules assemble at surfaces. Here we report how an oxide crystal surface can be used as a template to controllably order endohedral fullerenes, Er3N@C80, into two-dimensional (2D) open-grid arrays. The crystal surface is made of highly ordered oxide nanostructures which self-assemble on the surface of SrTiO3(001). This method of molecular ordering can be applied to other fullerenes and has the potential to provide a basis for developing a wide range of molecular architectures.
<title>Computerized vibration analysis of hot objects</title> (1991)

A system for automatic data acquisition and fringe analysis based on phase shifting TV- holography is described. The system has been used to analyze vibrating objects heated to high temperatures.
Changes in frontal plane kinematics over 12-months in individuals with the Percutaneous Osseointegrated Prosthesis (POP) (2023)

Deviations from reference values displayed prior to device implantation were reduced or eliminated 12-months post-implantation in all frontal plane patterns analyzed, while within-participant changes over the 12-month period did not reach statistical significance. Overall, the results suggest the transition to a BAP aided in normalizing gait patterns in a sample of relatively high functioning individuals with TFA.
Innovative Recycling of End of Life Silicon PV Panels: Materials Recovering and Glass Re-Use (2019)

Photovoltaic (PV) technology is one of the most rising technologies for improving energy security and mitigating climate change. The PV market is growing rapidly, and further market expansion is expected all over the world. In Europe, from 2020 on, an increasing amount of End of Life (EoL) Photovoltaic Panels will accumulate. This will represent a new type of waste which will show opportunities and challenges. Nowadays, this type of waste is addressed mostly to landfill, even though it contains valuable raw materials. ReSiELP is an EIT KIC Raw Material project, funded by the EIT, striving to recover valuable materials contained in the PV modules. EoL PV panels waste will be treated by a pilot plant implemented during the project lifetime. The first results obtained by the plant showed that the materials can be recovered with high efficiency on industrial scale. Treatment of the wastewaters at lab-scale has been studied in order to reduce waste and recover valuable-resources in a circular economy perspective. All the recovered materials will be reinjected in their appropriate value chain. Recovered glass is mechanically processed and sieved in different sizes to be re-used in building materials production and promising results have been obtained.
Isomer-Specific Consumption of Galactooligosaccharides by Bifidobacterial Species (2013)

Prebiotics are nondigestible substrates that stimulate the growth of beneficial microbes in the human intestine. Galactooligosaccharides (GOS) are food ingredients that possess prebiotic properties, in particular, promoting the growth of bifidobacteria in situ. However, precise mechanistic details of GOS consumption by bifidobacteria remain poorly understood. Because GOS are mixtures of polymers of different lengths and linkages, there is interest in determining which specific structures provide prebiotic effects to potentially create better supplements. This paper presents a method comprising porous graphitic carbon separation, isotopic labeling, and mass spectrometry analysis for the structure-specific analysis of GOS isomers and their bacterial consumption rate. Using this strategy, the differential bacterial consumption of GOS by the bifidobacteria species Bifidobacterium longum subsp. infantis, Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis, and Bifidobacterium adolescentis was determined, indicating that the use of specific GOS isomers in infant formula may provide enrichment of distinct species.
Fiber-matrix interfacial adhesion in natural fiber composites (2015)

The interface between natural fibers and thermoplastic matrices is studied, in which fiber-matrix wetting analysis and interfacial adhesion are investigated to obtain a systematic understanding of the interface. In wetting analysis, the surface energies of the fibers and the matrices are estimated using their contact angles in test liquids. Work of adhesion is calculated for each composite system. For the interface tests, transverse three point bending tests (3PBT) on unidirectional (UD) composites are performed to measure interfacial strength. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) characterization on the fibers is also carried out to obtain more information about the surface chemistry of the fibers. UD composites are examined to explore the correlation between the fiber-matrix interface and the final properties of the composites. The results suggest that the higher interfacial adhesion of the treated fiber composites compared to untreated fiber composites can be attributed to higher fiber-matrix physico–chemical interaction corresponding with the work of adhesion.
Hypothesis Support Mechanism for Mid-Level Visual Pattern Recognition (2011)

This paper presents a tractable and empirically-accurate algorithm, along with an integrated framework, realizing a mid-level visual process for pattern recognition. The algorithm and overall framework takes advantage of hypotheses provided by a high-level visual process, thereby, attempting to extract a region in an image based on these hypotheses. The main focus is to recognize analytical, as well as non-analytical objects from binary images. The novel approach is based on a study of the Hough Transform and its generalized version. To show the overall usefulness of the framework, an extensive series of experiments were performed. An analysis of absolute and percent error accuracy is presented, indicating the effectiveness of this works approach. Finally, we review the main body of research in this area and identify the key patents that have emerged in this field.
Research Note: Ozonation—An Emerging Inevitable Option for Chamois Making (2007)

An ever-increasing demand for chamois leather provides enhanced business opportunities for the leather industry. The long oxidation time required for oil-tanned leathers and conventional processing techniques pose a major limitation for wide-scale manufacture of chamois leathers, though chamois making ensures higher value return compared to conventional finished leathers. Ozonation as a mean for accelerated oxidation has been attempted in this work. Two approaches viz. ozonation of oil and post-ozonation of oil-treated skins have been studied in detail. The studies indicate that ozonation of oil-treated skins can reduce the time required for chamois making by many folds without any impairment in quality of leathers.
Who is the Right Patient for Trans-Catheter Mitral Edge-to-Edge Repair? (2018)

scholarly articles on cardiology Journal of Cardiology & Cardiovascular Therapy is an Open Access, international peer reviewed journal launched from Juniper Publishers. Cardiology is a branch of medicine deals with the disorders of heart that keeps cardiologists up to date with advances in the diagnosis and treatment of cardiovascular diseases.
Recent biotechnological progress in enzymatic synthesis of glycosides (2013)

Glycosylation is one of the most important post-modification processes of small molecules and enables the parent molecule to have increased solubility, stability, and bioactivity. Enzyme-based glycosylation has achieved significant progress due to advances in protein engineering, DNA recombinant techniques, exploitation of biosynthetic gene clusters of natural products, and computer-based modeling programs. Our report summarizes glycosylation data that have been published within the past five years to provide an overall review of current progress. We also present the future trends and perspectives for glycosylation.
Controlled release of antibiotics from coated orthopedic implants (1996)

Chronic osteomyelitis is one of the most serious complications of orthopedic open fracture treatment. The objective of this study was to develop a biodegradable implant coating with impregnated antibiotics as an adjunct to current therapy. We used a polylactic-co-glycolic acid copolymer (PLGA) as the biodegradable carrier and gentamicin as the antibiotic. Our objectives were to establish elution characteristics of the antibiotic from the polymer, and determine if the coated orthopedic implants would inhibit bacterial growth in vitro. In the elution study, coated implants were incubated in phosphate buffered saline (PBS) at 37 degrees C and sampled daily for gentamicin levels. The in vitro model consisted of test tubes containing Mueller-Hinton culture broth inoculated with 5 x 10(6) cfu of Staphylococcus aureus and incubated at 37 degrees C. The implants were switched to a new set of inoculated tubes each day. Tubes were sampled for colony counting to determine bactericidal effects. Implant coatings consisted of 40 mg of gentamicin as a 20% mixture with PLGA. The elution curve showed an average level of 138 micrograms/mL over 15 days. This local concentration would be more than adequate to kill susceptible organisms. The in vitro study showed a significant reduction in bacterial growth in the test tubes containing coated implants. Control tubes averaged 2.5 x 10(8) cfu/mL of S.aureus over 24 days. Coated implant tubes averaged 0.9 cfu/mL. This was a reduction of greater than 99.999% (p < 0.0001). This study showed that a thin biodegradable implant coating can be developed with bactericidal activity against the organisms frequently associated with osteomyelitis in cases of open fractures.
Time-lapse microscopy of lung endothelial cells under hypoxia (2017)

Objective: This study utilizes fluorescence microscopy to assess the effect of the oxygen tension on the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in mitochondria of fetal pulmonary artery endothelial cells (FPAECs). Introduction: Hypoxia is a severe oxygen stress, which mostly causes irreversible injury in lung cells. However, in some studies, it is reported that hypoxia decreases the severity of injuries. In this study, ROS production level was examined in hypoxic FPAECs treated with pentachlorophenol (PCP, uncoupler). This work was accomplished by monitoring and quantifying the changes in the level of the produced ROS in hypoxic cells before and after PCP treatment. Materials and methods: The dynamic of the mitochondrial ROS production in two groups of FPAECs was measured over time using time-lapse microscopy. For the first group, cells were incubated in 3% hypoxic condition for 2 hours and then continuously were exposed to hypoxic condition for imaging as well. For the second group, cells were incubated in normal oxygen condition. Time lapse images of the cells loaded with Mito-SOX (ROS indicator) were acquired, and the red fluorescence intensity profile of the cells was calculated. Changes in the level of the fluorescence intensity profile while they are treated with PCP indicates the dynamics of the ROS level. Results: The intensity profiles of the PCP-treated cells in the first group showed 47% lower ROS production rate than the PCP-treated cells in the second group. Conclusion: Time lapse microscopy revealed that hypoxic cells have lower ROS generation while treated with PCP. Therefore, this result suggests that hypoxia decreased electron transport chain activity in uncoupled chain.
Molecular, biochemical, and functional characteristics of tumor necrosis factor-alpha produced by human placental cytotrophoblastic cells (1993)

Previous studies have shown that the TNF-alpha gene is transcribed and translated in fully differentiated human placental syncytiotrophoblast. In this study, TNF transcripts were identified by in situ hybridization in cytotrophoblastic cells, a progenitor subpopulation that proliferates rapidly in early gestation tissues. To establish molecular and biochemical characteristics of cytotrophoblastic TNF and to evaluate potential utilization, experiments were conducted on two cytotrophoblastic cell lines, Jar and JEG-3. Northern blot hybridization and immunocytochemical tests showed that Jar and JEG-3 cells contained TNF mRNA and specific protein. Enzyme immunoassays demonstrated production of TNF, and immunoprecipitation experiments showed that Jar cell TNF protein was the same molecular mass as macrophage TNF. DNA synthesis in both lines was promoted by rTNF, and experiments employing 17-mer TNF antisense and sense oligonucleotides showed specific inhibition of DNA synthesis by antisense sequences. Both p60 and p80 TNF-R mRNA were present in the choriocarcinoma cell lines, and DNA synthesis was inhibited by antibody to the p60 TNF-R. Although the two lines were similar in many respects, Jar cells produced more TNF and demonstrated a greater reliance on TNF for their growth. Collectively, the results indicate that: 1) the TNF gene is expressed in both normal and malignant cytotrophoblast; 2) certain molecular, immunologic, and biochemical characteristics of trophoblast-derived TNF are similar to macrophage TNF; and 3) the p60 TNF-R facilitates utilization of TNF as an autocrine growth factor by choriocarcinoma cells. Although TNF apparently serves important functions in cytotrophoblast during the course of placental development that might include promotion of proliferation and invasion, constitutive expression of this gene in neoplastic cells could account in part for the remarkable ability of trophoblastic tumors to overcome host defenses.
Faculty Opinions recommendation of Mass spectrometric imaging of highly curved membranes during Tetrahymena mating. (2004)

Biological membrane fusion is crucial to numerous cellular events, including sexual reproduction and exocytosis. Here, mass spectrometry images demonstrate that the low-curvature lipid phosphatidylcholine is diminished in the membrane regions between fusing Tetrahymena, where a multitude of highly curved fusion pores exist. Additionally, mass spectra and principal component analysis indicate that the fusion region contains elevated amounts of 2-aminoethylphosphonolipid, a high-curvature lipid. This evidence suggests that biological fusion involves and might in fact be driven by a heterogeneous redistribution of lipids at the fusion site. PMID: 15232100 Funding information This work was supported by: NIBIB NIH HHS, United States Grant ID: R01 EB002016-11 NIBIB NIH HHS, United States Grant ID: R01 EB002016
First flush of dissolved compounds (1999)

In a crude conceptual approach it is commonly assumed that in a combined sewer system the concentration of dissolved compounds in diluted by an increasing flow rate due to rainwater inflow. However, theory of hydraulics suggests that these compounds are influenced by hydrodynamic effects. It is known that since the wave celerity is higher than the flow velocity of the water, the increase of flow rate induced through rain runoff is recognised earlier at a certain downstream section of the combined sewer than the concentration increase of typical rain-water compounds originating from surface wash-off. This description implies that the wave front is formed from the fluid that was present in the sewer before the flow rate increased, that is the sewage! By means of measurements and numerical simulations, it is shown that this effect may cause a significant impact of dissolved compounds on the receiving water, when a combined sewer overflow occurs, and also on the wastewater treatment plant when the sewer network is flat and catchment area is big.