gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
High-dose cyclophosphamide for graft-versus-host disease prevention (2010)

Taking advantage of the differential susceptibility of proliferating, alloreactive T cells over nonproliferating, nonalloreactive T cells to high-dose cyclophosphamide, and owing to the drug's stem cell sparing effects, this novel strategy provides a unique opportunity to optimize GvHD prophylaxis after HLA-matched alloBMT and increase the use of HLA-mismatched related donors. Well tolerated and effective mismatched related alloBMT provides access to essentially everyone, such as patients with sickle cell anemia, in need of the procedure.
Entropy in Signal Processing (Entropie en Traitement du Signal) (2001)

Résumé: Le principal objet de cette communication est de faire une rétro perspective succincte de l'utilisation de l'entropie et du principe du maximum d'entropie dans le domaine du traitement du signal. Après un bref rappel de quelques définitions et du principe du maximum d'entropie, nous verrons successivement comment l'entropie est utilisée en séparation de sources, en modélisation de signaux, en analyse spectrale et pour la résolution des problèmes inverses linéaires. Mots clés : Entropie, Entropie croisée, Distance de Kullback, Information mutuelle, Estimation spectrale, Problèmes inverses Abstract: The main object of this work is to give a brief overview of the different ways the entropy has been used in signal and image processing. After a short introduction of different quantities related to the entropy and the maximum entropy principle, we will study their use in different fields of signal processing such as: source separation, model order selection, spectral estimation and, finally, general linear inverse problems. Keywords : Entropy, Relative entropy, Kullback distance, Mutual information, Spectral estimation, Inverse problems.
Analysis of healing after myocardial infarction using polarized light microscopy. (1989)

To better understand the healing process after permanent coronary artery occlusion in a canine model, the authors used polarized light microscopy. At 6 weeks after occlusion the scar collagen was mainly type I. Some regions of the scar contained a fiber lattice which appeared to be type III collagen. Collagen orientation was measured using a universal stage; subepicardial collagen was obliquely aligned (-14.0 +/- 3.5 degrees), midmyocardial collagen circumferentially aligned (1.4 +/- 0.4 degrees) and subendocardial collagen obliquely aligned (12.7 +/- 2.1 degrees). The molecular organization of scar collagen increased from 1 to 6 weeks after occlusion. Muscle cell disarray, similar to that in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, was seen in the viable muscle adjacent to the scar. Such abnormal organization extended as far as 1 cm from the edge of the scar. The ability of polarized light microscopy to assess these different parameters from histologic sections demonstrates that it is a useful adjunct to other methods commonly used to study myocardial healing.
Photophysical properties and photodynamic efficiency of cationic porphyrins (2014)

Photodynamic inactivation of some microorganisms (<i>St. aureus, E.coli</i>) was investigated and their dependence on photo-physical properties of photosensitizers (PS) (cationic porphyrins and metalloporphyrins) was shown. One of the most important criteria for the effectiveness of the PS`s is the quantum yield of singlet oxygen (&gamma;<sub>&Delta;</sub>). Our investigations were shown that &gamma;<sub>&Delta;</sub> of metalloporphyrins, containing Zn, significantly higher than of metal-free porphyrins (85-97% and 77-79%, respectively). Previousl y experimentally we were found that under the action cationic porphyrins and metalloporphyrins on Gram (+) and Gram (-) microorganisms efficiency of metalloporphyrins Zn-TOEt4PyP and Zn-TBut4PyP in 3-5 times was higher than the metal-free porphyrins. In this study under the action of porphyrins and their Zn-derivatives on microorganism <i>St. aureus</i> such an effect was confirmed. Using the LED with a peak emission of 405 nm and a power density of 70 mW/cm<sup>2</sup>, and irradiation time of microorganisms from 5 to 30 minutes we have found, that at a concentration of 0.1 ug/ml the highest efficiency is observed of metalloporphyrin Zn-TBut3PyP. Upon irradiation of 10 and 15 min his efficiency is 3-5 times higher than the metal-free porphyrin TOEt4PyP, and irradiation for 30 min via Zn-TBut3PyP is practically completely kills microorganisms. These data correlate with the quantum yield of singlet oxygen for photosensitizers. The 30 mindirect sun exposure (power density of 70 mW/cm<sup>2</sup>) of photosensitizer solutions showed that a significant photobleaching of porphyrins and metalloporphyrins does not occur. Thus, Zn-containing cationic metalloporphyrins are highly efficient photosensitizers for photodynamic inactivation of microorganisms and PDT.
Mapping Gender Differences in Cardiovascular Disease and Diabetes Care: A Pilot Assessment of LDL Cholesterol Testing Rates in a California Health Plan. (2014)

Despite improvements over recent decades in care for cardiovascular disease (CVD) and diabetes, which is a major CVD risk factor, evidence suggests that the care women receive-and their health outcomes-continue to lag behind those of men, even for routine care, such as monitoring and control of cholesterol. Awareness of and action to address gender gaps in women's CVD care are limited, in part, because quality of care is not routinely measured and reported by gender. This pilot project describes and maps gender differences in CVD and diabetes care using data from a large health plan. The study aims to identify gender gaps in care in California and, where they are found, to increase awareness of potential gender disparities and begin to inform approaches to address gaps in care. The study assesses gender differences in one key aspect of routine CVD care and related prevention among patients with diabetes: low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol screening. The results from this study are intended to provide the basis for further work to learn and document what it will take to rapidly spread mapping approaches that prove to be helpful in understanding and addressing disparities in health and health care, particularly with regard to improving women's health outcomes. Key findings include that men had higher rates of LDL screening than did women in both the CVD and diabetes populations. These gaps varied by age and insurance type. In addition, mapping gender gaps revealed larger gaps at local levels than were apparent at the state or regional level.
Genetic heterogeneity of motor neuropathies (2017)

Many of the genes were shared between dHMN and motor CMT2, indicating identical disease mechanisms; therefore, we suggest changing the classification and including dHMN also as a subcategory of Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease. Abnormal neuromuscular transmission in some genetic forms provides a treatable target to develop therapies.
Spalt transcription factors are required for R3/R4 specification and establishment of planar cell polarity in theDrosophilaeye (2004)

The establishment of planar cell polarity in the Drosophila eye requires correct specification of the R3/R4 pair of photoreceptor cells. In response to a polarizing factor, Frizzled signaling specifies R3 and induces Delta, which activates Notch in the neighboring cell, specifying it as R4. Here, we show that the spalt zinc-finger transcription factors (spalt major and spalt-related) are part of the molecular mechanisms regulating R3/R4 specification and planar cell polarity establishment. In mosaic analysis, we find that the spalt genes are specifically required in R3 for the establishment of correct ommatidial polarity. In addition, we show that spalt genes are required for proper localization of Flamingo in the equatorial side of R3 and R4, and for the upregulation of Delta in R3. These requirements are very similar to those of frizzled during R3/R4 specification. We show that spalt genes are required cell-autonomously for the expression of seven-up in R3 and R4, and that seven-up is downstream of spalt genes in the genetic hierarchy of R3/R4 specification. Thus, spalt and seven-up are necessary for the correct interpretation of the Frizzled-mediated polarity signal in R3. Finally, we show that, posterior to row seven, seven-up represses spalt in R3/R4 in order to maintain the R3/R4 identity and to inhibit the transformation of these cells to the R7 cell fate.
Risk factors for intraocular melanoma and occupational exposure (1999)

Ocular melanoma is an uncommon cancer. Age standardised incidence ranges from 0.4 to 1.2 cases per 100 000 within Europe and from 0.1 to 2.3 worldwide (figures from WHO and International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC)). Only one report1 suggests any change over decades.2-6 However, incidence data from the USA show a decrease over the period 1973–89.7 

The behaviour of intraocular melanoma varies with site. Tumours located in the iris form 10% of eye melanomas8 and usually have low grade histology with a good prognosis.9 Local excision is effective in most such cases although some may require enucleation, and metastasis is seen in only 3% of cases. In contrast, melanoma of choroid or ciliary body has a poor prognosis, although late metastasis after removal of the primary tumour is common. Metastasis is haematogenous and 1 year survival after liver metastasis not higher than 10%.10 Raivio8 in Finland observed that survival rates at 5, 10, and 15 years were 65%, 52%, and 46% respectively. Among the 12% of patients surviving at least 20 years, 21% developed metastasis thereafter. Treatment of metastatic disease by chemotherapy has been disappointing with less than 1% response rates to systemic DTIC based chemotherapy.11 Prognosis therefore reflects the development of metastasis uninfluenced by treatment, although recent developments hold some hope of progress.12 13 

Twenty years ago “many of the difficulties in diagnosing choroidal melanomas which clinicians confronted in the past [had] been eliminated”.14 15 The past two decades have seen advances in classification, now widely accepted,16 and continuing refinement of prognostic factors influencing outcome in these patients.17-20 However, despite a number of studies of risk factors for intraocular melanomagenesis, the cause of this tumour is far from clear.

During the 1980s, with increased interest in …
Pharmacodynamics of TNF-α inhibitors in psoriasis (2011)

Over the last two decades, research developments have revolutionized our understanding of the pathogenesis of psoriasis and of the contribution of several cytokines in the manifestation of the disease. The key role of TNF-α in the pathogenesis of psoriasis has been extensively studied and its therapeutic action, initially observed in experimental models, has been clinically translated into therapeutic agents with remarkable efficacy in the treatment of the disease. There are currently two classes of marketed biologic drugs that reduce TNF-α bioavailability and are used clinically in psoriasis: the soluble TNF-α receptor-Fc fusion protein (etanercept) and the anti-TNF-α monoclonal antibodies (adalimumab and infliximab). The present article reviews the pharmacodynamic properties of the three TNF-α inhibitors and discusses possible differences in their mode of action, clinical efficacy and safety profile.
Carbohydrate‐based interactions of oviductal sperm reservoir formation—studies in the pig (2002)

Competitive inhibition of sperm to explants of the oviductal epithelium was used to study the complementary receptor system that may be involved in the establishment of the oviductal sperm reservoir in the pig. Sperm binding to the oviductal explants is expressed as Binding Index (BI = sperm cells/0.01 mm(2)). From a set of glycoproteins with known oligosaccharide structures, only asialofetuin and ovalbumin showed inhibitory activity, indicating that ovalbumin may block high affinity binding sites (IC(50) congruent with 1.3 microM) and asialofetuin low affinity sites (IC(50) congruent with 18 microM) of the complementary receptor systems, whereas fetuin carrying terminal sialic acid has no effect. Ovalbumin glycopeptides were isolated by Con A affinity chromatography and reverse-phase HPLC following tryptic digestion. Glycopeptides and enzymatically released glycans were analyzed by MS, and were shown to represent preferentially the two high mannose type glycans (Man)(5)(GlcNAc)(2) and (Man)(6)(GlcNAc)(2), and as a minor component the hybrid type glycan (Hex)(4)(GlcNAc)(5). Glycopeptides (84% inhibition) and glycans (81% inhibition) significantly reduced sperm-oviduct binding at a concentration of 3 microM, whereas the deglycosylated peptides showed no inhibitory activity. Mannopentaose (IC(50) congruent with 0.8 microM) representing the oligomannose residue of the high mannose glycans of ovalbumin was as effective as ovalbumin. These data indicate that the carbohydrate-based mechanisms underlying the formation of the oviductal sperm reservoir in the pig is the result of the concerted action of at least the high-affinity binding sites for oligomannose or nonreducing terminal mannose residues and low-affinity binding of galactose.
Dynamic neural network calibration of quartz transducers (2002)

Abstract The performance of quartz pressure transducers is often compromised when subjected to thermal transients. In this paper, a new method of calibrating quartz transducers in which a neural network is used to accomplish a dynamic calibration of a transducer pair for a range of temperatures and pressures will be described. When a quartz pressure transducer is exposed to an environmental temperature change, thermal stress is induced in the sensing element. This thermal stress causes erroneous pressure readings until thermal equilibrium is achieved within the transducer. In order to compensate the undesirable transient thermal effects on the pressure transducer performance, multiple past and future temperature‐and‐pressure sensor outputs are used as inputs to a calibrating neural network. This new method allows the time‐dependent qualities of the quartz‐oscillator transducer to be included in the calibration scheme. This method can be applied generally to other types of transducers that are subjected to transient environmental effects and is not limited to quartz‐oscillator transducers. A theoretical discussion of this technology is presented, followed by experimental results obtained by applying the method to quartz pressure transducer calibration. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.
The Matchmaker Exchange: A Platform for Rare Disease Gene Discovery (2015)

There are few better examples of the need for data sharing than in the rare disease community, where patients, physicians, and researchers must search for "the needle in a haystack" to uncover rare, novel causes of disease within the genome. Impeding the pace of discovery has been the existence of many small siloed datasets within individual research or clinical laboratory databases and/or disease-specific organizations, hoping for serendipitous occasions when two distant investigators happen to learn they have a rare phenotype in common and can "match" these cases to build evidence for causality. However, serendipity has never proven to be a reliable or scalable approach in science. As such, the Matchmaker Exchange (MME) was launched to provide a robust and systematic approach to rare disease gene discovery through the creation of a federated network connecting databases of genotypes and rare phenotypes using a common application programming interface (API). The core building blocks of the MME have been defined and assembled. Three MME services have now been connected through the API and are available for community use. Additional databases that support internal matching are anticipated to join the MME network as it continues to grow.
3d/4f Coordination Clusters as Cooperative Catalysts for Highly Diastereoselective Michael Addition Reactions (2017)

Michael addition (MA) is one of the most well studied chemical transformation in synthetic chemistry. Here, we report the synthesis and crystal structures of a library of 3d/4f coordination clusters (CCs) formulated as [Zn<sup>II</sup><sub>2</sub>Y<sup>III</sup><sub>2</sub>L<sub>4</sub>(solv)<sub>X</sub>(Z)<sub>Y</sub>] and study their catalytic properties toward the MA of nitrostyrenes with barbituric acid derivatives. Each CC presents two borderline hard/soft Lewis acidic Zn<sup>II</sup> centers and two hard Lewis acidic Y<sup>III</sup> centers in a defect dicubane topology that brings the two different metals into a proximity of ∼3.3 Å. Density functional theory computational studies suggest that these tetrametallic CCs dissociate in solution to give two catalytically active dimers, each containing one 3d and one 4f metal that act cooperatively. The mechanism of catalysis has been corroborated via NMR, electron paramagnetic resonance, and UV-vis. The present work demonstrates for the first time the successful use of 3d/4f CCs as efficient and high diastereoselective catalysts in MA reactions.
Receptor-cytoskeleton interactions and membrane traffic may regulate chemoattractant-induced superoxide production in human granulocytes. (1986)

When dihydrocytochalasin (dhCB) was added either prior to or after CHO-Met-Leu-Phe (fMLP), the rate and duration of superoxide production in human granulocytes stimulated by fMLP was augmented. This effect was maximal when dhCB was added before fMLP, increasing the rate 1.5-3-fold. The effect of dhCB was progressively diminished for later additions and was undetectable after 6-10 min. The effects of dhCB could be blocked by the additional presence of 10 microM t-Boc-Phe-Leu-Phe-Leu-Phe (where t-Boc is t-butoxycarbonyl) indicating a requirement for receptor occupancy. In the presence of dhCB, the reversible binding of fML[3H]P was elevated and the formation of slowly dissociating surface complexes of occupied receptor and cytoskeleton was inhibited. Myeloperoxidase and lactoferrin release from fMLP-stimulated cells was induced by dhCB but was only partially correlated with the potentiating effects of dhCB on superoxide production and receptor expression. To circumvent the complicating effects of degranulation on the analysis of the functional consequences of receptor-cytoskeletal associations, cells were also preincubated with 100 nM fMLP at 15 degrees C. Under these conditions, the majority of the surface receptors became irreversibly occupied and coisolated with the cytoskeletal fraction of the cell. Subsequent exposure of the cells to fMLP at 37 degrees C resulted in no superoxide production. This desensitization was blocked by dhCB which also inhibited coisolation of the ligand and cytoskeletons. Conversion of receptor to a slowly dissociating state may represent its trapping in an inactive form and would provide a role for receptor-cytoskeleton interactions in the termination of the granulocyte response to chemoattractants. The inhibition of such receptor "sequestration" and the induction of new receptor expression could, therefore, partially account for dhCB-induced potentiation of the fMLP response.
White paper defining optimal palliative care in older people with dementia: A Delphi study and recommendations from the European Association for Palliative Care (2013)

We have provided the first definition of palliative care in dementia based on evidence and consensus, a framework to provide guidance for clinical practice, policy and research.
Structural and Functional Characterization of the Integral Membrane Protein VDAC-1 in Lipid Bilayer Nanodiscs (2009)

Biophysical studies of membrane proteins are often impeded by the requirement for a membrane mimicking environment. Detergent micelles are the most common choice, but the denaturing properties make them unsatisfactory for studies of many membrane proteins and their interactions. In the present work, we explore phospholipid bilayer nanodiscs as membrane mimics and employ electron microscopy and solution NMR spectroscopy to characterize the structure and function of the human voltage dependent anion channel (VDAC-1) as an example of a polytopic integral membrane protein. Electron microscopy reveals the formation of VDAC-1 multimers, an observation that is consistent with results obtained in native mitochondrial outer membranes. High-resolution NMR spectroscopy demonstrates a well folded VDAC-1 protein and native NADH binding functionality. The observed chemical shift changes upon addition of the native ligand NADH to nanodisc-embedded VDAC-1 resemble those of micelle-embedded VDAC-1, indicating a similar structure and function in the two membrane-mimicking environments. Overall, the ability to study integral membrane proteins at atomic resolution with solution NMR in phospholipid bilayers, rather than in detergent micelles, offers exciting novel possibilities to approach the biophysical properties of membrane proteins under nondenaturing conditions, which makes this technology particular suitable for protein-protein interactions and other functional studies.
Calcium reconstitutes high rates of oxygen evolution in polypeptide depleted Photosystem II preparations (1984)

Exposure of highly resolved Photosystem II preparations to 2 M NaCl produces an 80% inhibition of oxygen‐evolution activity concomitant with extensive loss of two water‐soluble polypeptides (23 and 17 kDa). Addition of Ca 2+ to salt‐washed PS II membranes causes an acceleration in the decay of Z ⨥ , the primary donor to P‐680 + , and we show here that this acceleration is due to reconstitution of oxygen‐evolution activity by Ca 2+ . Other cations (Mg 2+ , Mn 2+ , Sr 2+ ) are much less effective in restoring oxygen evolution. On the basis of these observations we propose that Ca 2+ , perhaps in concert with the 23 kDa polypeptide, is an essential cofactor for electron transfer from the ‘S’‐states to Z on the oxidizing side of PS II.
Ab Initio Study of Substituted Pyrenes for Blue Organic Light-Emitting Diodes (2006)

Luminescence efficiency of pyrene molecule is very low because of the aggregation effect of planar pyrene molecules. However, 1,3,6,8-tetra-substituted pyrenes with large electron donating group were reported to give a bright blue fluorescence [1 Sotoyama , W. , Sato , H. , Kinoshita , M. , Takahashi , T. , Matsuura , A. , Kosama , J. , Sawatari , N. , & Inoue , H. ( 2003 ). SID Digest , 45 , 1294 . [CSA] [Crossref] , [Google Scholar]]. In this paper, 1,6-bi-substituted and 1,4,6,9-tetra-substituted pyrenes as well as 1,3,6,8-tetra-substituted pyrenes were studied to find out the possibilities as the blue fluorescent materials of organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) [2-4 Park , N. G. , Lee , J. E. , Park , Y. H. , & Kim , Y. S. ( 2004 ). Syth. Met. , 145 , 279 . [CSA] [CROSSREF] Lee , J. E. , Choi , G. C. , Park , N. G. , & Kim , Y. S. ( 2004 ). Curr. Appl. Phys. , 4 , 675 . [CSA] [CROSSREF] Lee , J. E. , Choi , G. C. , Rim , B. O. , Kim , S. M. , Park , N. G. , Ha , Y. K. , & Kim , Y. S. ( 2004 ). Mat. Sci. & Eng. , C24 , 269 . [INFOTRIEVE] [CSA] [CROSSREF] ]. Geometrical and electrical calculations were performed by ab initio methods. HF/3-21G(d) basis set was used for the geometry optimization of the ground electronic states of those compounds. The geometry of the low-lying excited electronic state was optimized using configuration interaction with single excitation (CIS) method. The vertical and adiabatic transition energies were calculated by time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT) using the B1LYP functional with 6-31G(d) basis set. From calculational results, it was explained that the change in fluorescence wavelength was affected by the position and the number of substituents, through analyzing the change of energy levels of the highest occupied molecular orbitals (HOMOs) and the lowest unoccupied molecular orbitals (LUMOs) of pyrene. Some of substituted pyrenes showed possibilities as stronger fluorescent materials. New efficient emitting materials for OLEDs were proposed from the calculation results obtained by tuning the position, the number of substitution and the species of substituting moiety.