gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A beamformer post-filter for cochlear implant noise reduction (2013)

Cochlear implant users have limited ability to understand speech in noisy conditions. Signal processing methods to address this issue that use multiple microphones typically use beamforming to perform noise reduction. However, the effectiveness of the beamformer is diminished as the number of interfering noises increases and the acoustic environment becomes more diffuse. A multi-microphone noise reduction algorithm that aims to address this issue is presented in this study. The algorithm uses spatial filtering to estimate the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and attenuates time-frequency elements that have poor SNR. The algorithm was evaluated by measuring intelligibility of speech embedded in 4-talker babble where the interfering talkers were spatially separated and changed location during the test. Twelve cochlear implant users took part in the evaluation, which demonstrated a significant mean improvement of 4.6 dB (standard error 0.4, P < 0.001) in speech reception threshold compared to an adaptive beamformer. The results suggest that a substantial improvement in performance can be gained for cochlear implant users in noisy environments where the noise is spatially separated from the target speech.
Experimental Infection of Mexican Free-Tailed Bats ( Tadarida brasiliensis ) with SARS-CoV-2 (2023)

The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus is thought to have originated in wild bats from Asia, and as the resulting pandemic continues into its third year, concerns have been raised that the virus will expand its host range and infect North American wildlife species, including bats. Mexican free-tailed bats (Tadarida brasiliensis) live in large colonies in the southern United States, often in urban areas and, as such, could be exposed to the virus from infected humans. We experimentally challenged wild T. brasiliensis with SARS-CoV-2 to determine the susceptibility, reservoir potential, and population impacts of infection in this species. Of 10 bats oronasally inoculated with SARS-CoV-2, 5 became infected and orally excreted moderate amounts of virus for up to 18 days postinoculation. These five subjects all seroconverted and cleared the virus before the end of the study with no obvious clinical signs of disease. We additionally found no evidence of viral transmission to uninoculated subjects. These results indicate that while T. brasiliensis are susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 infection, infection of wild populations of T. brasiliensis would not likely cause mortality. However, the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from T. brasiliensis to or from humans, or to other animal species, is a possibility requiring further investigation to better define. <b>IMPORTANCE</b> As the COVID-19 pandemic has continued for 3+ years, there has been increasing concern that the SARS-CoV-2 virus will enter wildlife populations and potentially create new reservoirs where the virus could adapt to a new host and create variants. This is particularly possible with species that reside in man-made structures, in proximity to infected human populations. Mexican free-tailed bats (Tadarida brasiliensis) live in large colonies, often in urban settings and, thus, can be exposed by infected humans and potentially transmit the virus to new hosts. We experimentally challenged T. brasiliensis with SARS-CoV-2 and revealed that they are susceptible to the virus and excrete moderate amounts for up to 18 days postinoculation. This is important information for wildlife biologists, wildlife rehabilitation workers, and the general public that may contact these animals.
Flow-level loss detection with Δ-sketches (2022)

Packet drops caused by congestion are a fundamental problem in network operation. Yet, it is difficult to detect where drops are happening, let alone which flows are most affected. Detecting the small-timescale drops caused by short bursts of traffic is even more challenging, and traditional monitoring techniques can easily miss them. To uncover packet drops as they occur inside a switch, the analysis must be real-time, fine-grained, and efficient. However, modern switches have distributed packet-processing pipelines that see either the arriving or departing traffic, but not the packet drops. Additionally, they do not have enough memory to store per-flow state. Our MIDST system addresses these challenges through a distributed compact data structure with lightweight coordination between ingress and egress pipelines. MIDST identifies the flows experiencing loss, as well as the bursty flows responsible, across different burst durations. Our evaluation with real-world traces and TCP connections shows that MIDST uses little memory (e.g., 320KB) while providing high accuracy (95% to 98%) under varying loss rates and burst durations. We evaluate a low-rate DDoS attack and demonstrate the potential use of our measurement results for attack detection and mitigation.
Group structure of turbo codes with application to the interleaver design (2002)

This work discusses the group property of the turbo codes when considered as a periodic linear system. It is shown that the interleaving procedure provides a homomorphism between different encoded sequences and thereby breaks the low weight sequences by a factor of at most 1/2/sup r/ where r is the constraint length of the code. A method is presented to optimize the structure of the interleaver via a discrete optimization procedure using the Hungarian method (linear sum assignment problem). Numerical results are presented which show a substantial improvement with respect to a random interleaver.
Electrochemistry of High Concentration Copper Chloride Complexes (2013)

High concentrations of copper chloride solutions (in the molar range) are used in several industrial applications. In this work, we investigated the species distribution of copper chloride complexes and how to measure the copper concentration precisely at high concentrations using electrochemical methods, by including migrational effects. The latter, in fact, can be useful in determining the nature of the species in solution undergoing electron transfer at the electrode. The study indicates that the main species of Cu(II) complexes in high chloride concentration is CuCl4(2-) and the main species of Cu(I) complexes are CuCl2(-) and CuCl3(2-). However insoluble CuCl is an intermediate in the process and can deactivate the electrode surface. This can be ameliorated by increasing the temperature or Cl(-) concentration. Under these conditions, voltammetry with an ultramicroelectrode (UME) can measure copper concentration with good precision even at 1 M Cu(II) concentrations in a few molar chloride. The main charge of the species can be determined by fitting to a migration model.
Multiparameter Characterization of Fatigue Damage in Graphite/Epoxy Composites from Ultrasonic Transmission Power Spectra (1980)

Fatigue damage in graphite/epoxy composite samples is quantitatively examined from ultrasonic transmission power spectra. The spectra were obtained with a new measurement system which combines the phase insensitive acoustoelectric transducer with the frequency-tracked tone-burst spectroscopy technique. A mathematical model of the transmission spectra was employed which quantitatively parametrized the reflection coefficient, the attenuation coefficient, and the phase velocity A computer code was developed which least-squares fits the mathematical model to the measured transmission spectra and generated simultaneous values of the model parameters. This multiparameter characterization technique is used to examine fatigue damage in graphite/epoxy composites.
Insights into the reactivation of cobalamin-dependent methionine synthase (2009)

Cobalamin-dependent methionine synthase (MetH) is a modular protein that catalyzes the transfer of a methyl group from methyltetrahydrofolate to homocysteine to produce methionine and tetrahydrofolate. The cobalamin cofactor, which serves as both acceptor and donor of the methyl group, is oxidized once every approximately 2,000 catalytic cycles and must be reactivated by the uptake of an electron from reduced flavodoxin and a methyl group from S-adenosyl-L-methionine (AdoMet). Previous structures of a C-terminal fragment of MetH (MetH(CT)) revealed a reactivation conformation that juxtaposes the cobalamin- and AdoMet-binding domains. Here we describe 2 structures of a disulfide stabilized MetH(CT) ((s-s)MetH(CT)) that offer further insight into the reactivation of MetH. The structure of (s-s)MetH(CT) with cob(II)alamin and S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine represents the enzyme in the reactivation step preceding electron transfer from flavodoxin. The structure supports earlier suggestions that the enzyme acts to lower the reduction potential of the Co(II)/Co(I) couple by elongating the bond between the cobalt and its upper axial water ligand, effectively making the cobalt 4-coordinate, and illuminates the role of Tyr-1139 in the stabilization of this 4-coordinate state. The structure of (s-s)MetH(CT) with aquocobalamin may represent a transient state at the end of reactivation as the newly remethylated 5-coordinate methylcobalamin returns to the 6-coordinate state, triggering the rearrangement to a catalytic conformation.
Insight into spent caustic treatment: on wet oxidation of thiosulfate to sulfate (1999)

Oxidation of thiosulfate to sulfate is often the rate controlling step during wet air oxidation (WAO) of spent caustic from the refinery and petrochemical industry and exhibits high Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD) and Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD). The kinetics of WAO of thiosulfate was studied in the absence and presence of a heterogeneous copper catalyst. Wet oxidation of thiosulfate to sulfate is a free radical reaction exhibiting an induction period. In non-catalytic oxidation, almost complete conversion of thiosulfate to sulfate was observed in 12 min at 150 °C and in 8 min at 120 °C in the presence of a heterogeneous copper catalyst at 0.69 MPa oxygen partial pressure. The presence of phenol accelerated thiosulfate oxidation. © 1999 Society of Chemical Industry
RORγt inhibitors block both IL-17 and IL-22 conferring a potential advantage over anti-IL-17 alone to treat severe asthma (2021)

These data strongly suggest that both IL-17 and IL-22 are required for Th2-low endotype associated biology and that a RORγt inhibitor may provide improved clinical benefit in a severe asthma sub-population of patients by blocking both IL-17 and IL-22 biology compared with blocking IL-17 alone.
Effect of positive charge of liposomes on their clearance from the blood and its relation to vesicle lipid composition (1989)

Conference Article| August 01 1989 Effect of positive charge of liposomes on their clearance from the blood and its relation to vesicle lipid composition LLOYD TAN; LLOYD TAN 1Medical Research Council Group, Academic Department of Medicine, Royal Free Hospital School of Medicine, Pond Street, London NW3 2QG, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar GREGORY GREGORIADIS GREGORY GREGORIADIS 1Medical Research Council Group, Academic Department of Medicine, Royal Free Hospital School of Medicine, Pond Street, London NW3 2QG, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Biochem Soc Trans (1989) 17 (4): 690–691. https://doi.org/10.1042/bst0170690 Article history Received: January 09 1989 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn Email Cite Icon Cite Get Permissions Citation LLOYD TAN, GREGORY GREGORIADIS; Effect of positive charge of liposomes on their clearance from the blood and its relation to vesicle lipid composition. Biochem Soc Trans 1 August 1989; 17 (4): 690–691. doi: https://doi.org/10.1042/bst0170690 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll JournalsBiochemical Society Transactions Search Advanced Search Keywords: PC, phosphatidylcholine, SA, stearylamine, CF, carboxyfluorescein, SUV, small unilamellar vesicles, BisHOP, (±)N-(2,3-dihexadecyloxy)prop-1-yl)-N,N,N-trimethylammonium chloride, DSPC, distearoylphospatidylcholine, PA, phosphatidic acid This content is only available as a PDF. © 1989 Biochemical Society1989 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
Styrene slurry polymerization within suspended droplets in a continuous stirred tank reactor. (1986)

Slurry polymerization within suspended droplets in water, being specific in the kinetic aspects,2) could provide the microcapsules consisting of organic solvent within and polymer as the outside shell. Styrene slurry polymerization in isooctane solvent could be stably carried out to 100% conversion as a slurry polymerization within suspended isooctane droplets in water. To explore the possibility of continuous or semi-continuous slurry polymerization within droplets, it is necessary to learn the continuous reactor characteristics by carrying out this polymerization system in a continuous stirred reactor.
Electrosynthesis of chromatographic stationary phases (1989)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTElectrosynthesis of chromatographic stationary phasesGe. Hailin and G. G. WallaceCite this: Anal. Chem. 1989, 61, 3, 198–201Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1989Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1989https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac00178a002https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00178a002research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views76Altmetric-Citations23LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Dual-species proteomics and targeted intervention of animal-pathogen interactions (2023)

Abstract Complexity in host-pathogen interactions drives the need to develop sensitive and accurate biochemical techniques to elucidate host and pathogen protein expressions. Current proteomics techniques reveal information from the point of view of either the host or pathogen, but do not provide data on the corresponding partner. While dual-species transcriptomics is increasingly used to study RNA expression in host and pathogen, it remains challenging to simultaneously study host-pathogen proteomes that reflect the direct competition between host and pathogen. Using Caenorhabditis elegans - Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection model as proof-of-concept, we established a forward+reverse SILAC proteomics approach to simultaneously label and quantify newly-expressed proteins of host and pathogen without physical isolation. We observed iron competition between pathogen iron scavenger and host iron uptake protein, where P. aeruginosa upregulated pyoverdine synthesis protein (PvdA) and secreted pyoverdine, and C. elegans expressed ferritin (FTN-2) respectively. Using Galangin as a novel PvdA inhibitor identified by structure-based virtual-screening, targeted intervention of iron competition eliminated P. aeruginosa infection, and enabled animal survival. Our work provides insights into the mechanisms dictating host-pathogen interactions and offers novel strategies for anti-infective therapy.
Synthesis of Related Compounds of Calycotomine. : Studies on the Syntheses of Heterocyclic Compounds. CXCI. (1967)

When ethyl 3, 4-dihydro-6, 7-dimethoxyisoquinoline-1-carboxylate (IV) and ethyl acetate were subjected to the Claisen condensation, V was obtained, being accompanied with dehydrogenation. With a view to synthesize calycotomine resembling compounds, as well as to examine their pharmacological actions, hydrolyzed product (VI) of V was reduced with NaBH4 to VII, which was transfered to 1-ethylisoquinoline derivative (X) by hydrogenolysis when VII was reduced with Zn powder. VIII was prepared by acetylation of VII with acetic anhydride. Further, 3-ethoxycarbonyl compound (XII) afforded 3-hydroxymethyl compound (XIII), with which veratraldehyde were condensed to oxazoisoquinoline compound (XIV). From the steric structure of XIV, substitution groups of XIII as the 1- and 3-position was assumed to be in cis configuration.
Prospects of DUV OoB suppression techniques in EUV lithography (2014)

Though scaling of source power is still the biggest challenge in EUV lithography (EUVL) technology era, CD and overlay controls for transistor‟s requirement are also precondition of adopting EUVL in mass production. Two kinds of contributors are identified as risks for CDU and Overlay: Infrared (IR) and deep ultraviolet (DUV) out of band (OOB) radiations from laser produced plasma (LPP) EUV source. IR from plasma generating CO2 laser that causes optics heating and wafer overlay error is well suppressed by introducing grating on collector to diffract IR off the optical axis and is the effect has been confirmed by operation of pre-production tool (NXE3100). EUV and DUV OOB which are reflected from mask black boarder (BB) are root causes of EUV-specific CD error at the boundaries of exposed shots which would result in the problem of CDU out of spec unless sufficiently suppressed. Therefore, control of DUV OOB reflection from the mask BB is one of the key technologies that must be developed prior to EUV mass production. In this paper, quantitative assessment on the advantage and the disadvantage of potential OOB solutions will be discussed. EUV and DUV OOB impacts on wafer CDs are measured from NXE3100 &amp; NXE3300 experiments. Significant increase of DUV OOB impact on CD from NXE3300 compared with NXE3100 is observed. There are three ways of technology being developed to suppress DUV OOB: spectral purity filter (SPF) as a scanner solution, multi-layer etching as a solution on mask, and resist top-coating as a process solution. PROs and CONs of on-scanner, on-mask, and on-resist solution for the mass production of EUV lithography will be discussed.
An overmoded structure for the narrowband high-power terahertz pulse detection (2012)

An overmoded detecting structure for 0.14 THz frequency band based on hot electron effect in semiconductors is proposed in this paper. The novel device consists of two standard waveguides WR10 and WR6, a tapered waveguide, a sensing sample composed of n-type silicon, and a bias constant current source. With sensing sample mounted on the wide wall of WR10, the waveguide WR6 and tapered waveguide are assembled ahead to ensure the basic mode operation of the detector. According to the derived relative sensitivity, a three-dimensional finite-difference time-domain method is used to optimize the structural parameters of the detector with flat frequency response. Numerical results indicate that, while the bias voltage on the sensing element is 10 V, the sensitivity of the optimized detector in linear region is around 2 V/kW with a fluctuation less than 25% in the frequency range 0.13-0.16 THz. Compared with traditional resistive sensor and diode detectors, the detector with overmoded structure shows its special merits for the power measurements of narrowband high-power terahertz pulses.
Polarization modulation instability in a fiber Kerr resonator (2018)

We report on the observation of a polarization modulational instability process occurring in a fiber Kerr resonator. This phenomenon originates from a cross-phase modulation interaction between both circular components of the recirculating field.
A high-energy-efficiency link scheme for closed-loop medical monitoring and intervention (2010)

A high-energy-efficiency wireless communication link scheme is proposed for portable medical applications with strict resource constraints. The scheme is especially optimized for the application systems with the star-topology master-slave network, i.e., the network formed by a portable data-logger (master) and several sensor nodes (slaves). The proposed scheme eliminates “non-effective” operation energy consumption in the power-critical slave nodes, by means of “moving” the energy-hungry operations to the master node. Compared to the conventional protocols, the proposed scheme can greatly save energy and lengthen the lifetime of the slave nodes which are usually supplied by miniature button batteries, with the cost of affordable extra power consumption in the master node. The prototype verification shows that energy efficiency and lifetime can be improved by at least 50% for slave sensor nodes with a typical operation duty cycle.
A Computational Multicriteria Optimization Approach to Controller Design for Physical Human-Robot Interaction (2020)

Physical human-robot interaction (pHRI) integrates the benefits of human operator and a collaborative robot in tasks involving physical interaction, with the aim of increasing the task performance. However, the design of interaction controllers that achieve safe and transparent operations is challenging, mainly due to the contradicting nature of these objectives. Knowing that attaining perfect transparency is practically unachievable, controllers that allow better compromise between these objectives are desirable. In this article, we propose a multicriteria optimization framework, which jointly optimizes the stability robustness and transparency of a closed-loop pHRI system for a given interaction controller. In particular, we propose a Pareto optimization framework that allows the designer to make informed decisions by thoroughly studying the tradeoff between stability robustness and transparency. The proposed framework involves a search over the discretized controller parameter space to compute the Pareto front curve and a selection of controller parameters that yield maximum attainable transparency and stability robustness by studying this tradeoff curve. The proposed framework not only leads to the design of an optimal controller, but also enables a fair comparison among different interaction controllers. In order to demonstrate the practical use of the proposed approach, integer and fractional order admittance controllers are studied as a case study and compared both analytically and experimentally. The experimental results validate the proposed design framework and show that the achievable transparency under fractional order admittance controller is higher than that of integer order one, when both controllers are designed to ensure the same level of stability robustness.