gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Generation of Pancreatic Ductal Organoids and Whole‐Mount Immunostaining of Intact Organoids (2018)

Traditionally, studies of cells and tissues have been performed on isolated primary cells or immortalized cell lines by culturing them in 2D culture dishes or flasks. However, a caveat regarding 2D culture is that the cells poorly recapitulate their in vivo counterparts, mainly due to a lack of 3D cell-cell and cell-extracellular matrix interactions. In recent years, the development of in vitro organoids as 3D culture has gained substantial attention as a model to study different tissues. In adults, pancreatic ductal cells are considered as a source of stem or progenitor cells, so developing new methods to study ductal cells would be useful. Here, we provide a protocol to isolate mouse pancreatic ductal cells and a cost-effective protocol to generate 3D organoid structures from such ductal cells. Additionally, we have devised a protocol for immunostaining of intact whole organoids without sectioning. © 2018 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Deciphering the Human Gut Microbiome of Urolithin Metabotypes: Association with Enterotypes and Potential Cardiometabolic Health Implications (2018)

Results herein suggest that the family Coriobacteriaceae could be a link between individuals' UMs and their blood cholesterol levels. Further research is needed to explore the mechanisms of the host metabolic phenotype, including cholesterol excretion products, to modulate this bacterial family.
Genetic engineering of stem cells for enhanced therapy (2013)

Stem cell therapy is a promising strategy for overcoming the limitations of current treatment methods. The modification of stem cell properties may be necessary to fully exploit their potential. Genetic engineering, with an abundance of methodology to induce gene expression in a precise and well-controllable manner, is particularly attractive for this purpose. There are virus-based and non-viral methods of genetic manipulation. Genome-integrating viral vectors are usually characterized by highly efficient and long-term transgene expression, at a cost of safety. Non-integrating viruses are also highly efficient in transduction, and, while safer, offer only a limited duration of transgene expression. There is a great diversity of transfectable forms of nucleic acids; however, for efficient shuttling across cell membranes, additional manipulation is required. Both physical and chemical methods have been employed for this purpose. Stem cell engineering for clinical applications is still in its infancy and requires further research. There are two main strategies for inducing transgene expression in therapeutic cells: transient and permanent expression. In many cases, including stem cell trafficking and using cell therapy for the treatment of rapid-onset disease with a short healing process, transient transgene expression may be a sufficient and optimal approach. For that purpose, mRNA-based methods seem ideally suited, as they are characterized by a rapid, highly efficient transfection, with outstanding safety. Permanent transgene expression is primarily based on the application of viral vectors, and, due to safety concerns, these methods are more challenging. There is active, ongoing research toward the development of non-viral methods that would induce permanent expression, such as transposons and mammalian artificial chromosomes.
COVID-19 symptom severity predicts neutralizing antibody activity in a community-based serological study (2022)

Serological testing for SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies is used to assess their presence in blood samples from exposed individuals and provides a measure of the magnitude of immune response to infection. The measurement of neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) in particular provides information about the severity of prior infection and level of protective immunity against re-infection. Much of the work investigating the association between prior infection severity and NAb levels has been conducted among clinical populations, and less is known about this relationship in the general population. Accordingly, we utilize data from a large (n = 790) community-based cohort of unvaccinated, seropositive participants. We analyzed the association between NAb response, measured via surrogate virus neutralization assay, with patterns of symptoms and household exposure. Our results indicate no detectable NAb activity in 63.8% of the seropositive participants (n = 504). Those with detectable NAb levels demonstrated a positive relationship between NAb activity and both self-reported previous symptom severity and household exposure. These findings are significant in light of recent concerns about degree of protective immunity conferred by prior infection or vaccination, and we highlight the value of community-based research for investigating variation in immune response.
A new course on hypothesis and protocol development (2007)

upper level residents performed better. Competencybased assessments are necessary to ensure the graduation of doctors who possess the requisite competencies for their disciplines.
Sequence of phase formation in planar metal-Si reaction couples (1981)

A correlation is found between the sequence of phase formation in thin-film metal-Si interactions and the bulk equilibrium phase diagram. After formation of the first silicide phase, which generally follows the rule proposed by Walser and Bené, the next phase formed at the interface between the first phase and the remaining element (Si or metal) is the nearest congruently melting compound richer in the unreacted element. If the compounds between the first phase and the remaining element are all noncongruently melting compounds (such as peritectic or peritectoid phases), the next phase formed is that with the smallest temperature difference between the liquidus curve and the peritectic (or peritectoid) point.
Relative transcript abundance in porcine cumulus cells collected from different sized follicles (2020)

Crosstalk between the oocyte and surrounding cumulus cells (CCs) is essential for the production of competent oocytes. Previous studies have analysed the relative transcript abundance in oocytes derived from small (SF: <3 mm diameter)- and medium-sized (MF: 3-6 mm diameter) follicles to determine the potential use of SF-derived oocytes in assisted reproductive technologies (ART). The aim of this study was to examine the relative transcript abundance of CCs obtained from cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs) derived from SF and MF. Nine genes were selected according to their importance for developmental competence: AT-rich interaction domain 1B (ARID1B), bone morphogenic protein receptor 2 (BMPR2), CD44, follicle-stimulating hormone receptor (FSHR), follistatin (FST), inhibin beta-A (INHBA), luteinizing hormone receptor (LHR), nuclear receptor subfamily 2 group F member 6 (NR2F6) and vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA). The expression of these genes was analysed by RT-qPCR. The results pointed to significant differences in five genes, and the relative transcript abundance of SF-derived CCs was lower in the case of INHBA, but higher in FSHR, FST, LHR and NR2F6 compared with MF-derived CCs. We provide information of gene activity in the porcine CCs from different sized follicles, thus improving our understanding of oocyte biology and providing new markers that identify viable and competent oocytes.
Experimental and numerical study of flow behavior in electromagnetic valve (2008)

This paper presented an experimental and numerical study of the flow behavior in electromagnetic valve. The experimental study had found that the experiment data of the flow rate was always greater than the idealize value. So the numerical simulation of the electromagnetic valve of the nozzle had been done in the paper to study the dynamic changing character of pressure and flow rate. The result showed that one of the reasons that induced the difference between the experimental result and calculation value was that the sudden decrease of the flow rate to the zero was on the time when the valve had been closed, while the flow rate quickly rise to the maxim value when the valve started to open, while the change of the outlet pressure would be in a moment. A complex vortex process of the forming, developing and transporting was been found during process of the valve’ opening and closing, which would affect the atomization.
ChemInform Abstract: Aminoalane Dimers and Trimers. An Examination of Structural and Steric Trends (1994)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Architecting Microprocessor Components in 3D Design Space (2007)

Interconnect is one of the major concerns in current and future microprocessor designs from both performance and power consumption perspective. The emergence of three-dimensional (3D) chip architectures, with its intrinsic capability to reduce the wire length, is one of the promising solutions to mitigate the interconnect related issues. In this paper we implement a few components of a microprocessor using custom design to show the potential performance and power benefits achievable through 3D integration under thermal constraints. We also introduce a standard cell based 3D design flow which leverages the commercial 2D design tools. Using this design flow we provide performance results of wide range of arithmetic units in 3D, thus introducing a fast method to analyze the performance benefits of 3D designs. In contrast to prior work, which mostly investigates single components of a processor, our work takes multiple components into consideration and the experimental results are promising in terms of delay and power reductions. Complex designs in 3D that have equivalent performance compared to a simple 2D designs is taken for IPC improvement analysis. An IPC improvement of 11% shown for a microprocessor implemented in 2-strata 3D technology
Researches on reproductive and metabolic aspects of first-degree relatives of patients with PCOS. (2011)

Polycystic ovary syndrome(PCOS) is a common endocrine and metabolic disease in reproductive-age women,with the incidence of 5% to 10%.PCOS affects not only the reproductive function of patients,but also produces a wide range of metabolic disturbances.Many studies demonstrated that PCOS was familial aggregative,and there was genetic basis in its reproductive and metabolic abnormalities.This paper reviews recent researches on reproductive and metabolic aspects of first-degree relatives of patients with PCOS.
Predicting segregation of wood and bark chips by differences in terminal velocities. (1973)

Presents data on length, width, thickness, moisture content, specific gravity, and terminal velocities of wood and bark chips for eight important pulpwood species. Gives differences in terminal velocities of the wood and bark chips used to predict the degree of segregation possible by air flotation.
Langmuir-Schaefer Films of Processable Poly(o-ethoxyaniline) Conducting Polymer: Fabrication, Characterization and Application as Sensor for Heavy Metallic Ions (2001)

Langmuir isotherms of poly(o-ethoxyaniline) (PEOA) were investigated at two different subphases containing deionized water at pH 3 using HCl. The doping during the monolayer formation was observed to be an essential condition for obtaining the high quality of the Langmuir film. The PEOA Langmuir-Schaefer (LS) films were manufactured, and linearity in the deposition process was verified by using UV-visible, quartz crystal microbalance, current–voltage, atomic force microscopy (AFM) and cyclic voltammetric (CV) techniques, respectively. The regularity of PEOA LS films could be well maintained by either dedoping the films in NaOH or redoping in 1 M HCl. The linear variation in frequency change as well as systematic doping in PEOA LS films was studied by quartz crystal microbalance measurements. AFM study depicted that the LS films were composed of regular grains of 23±5 nm in diameter. The PEOA LS films showed a conductivity value of 0.001 S/cm. The electrochemical surveyings of PEOA LS films revealed a switching halftime of 300 ms. The presence of heavy metallic ions in the solution revealed well-separated oxidation peak potentials in cyclic voltammetric measurements. This work presents the first evidence in recognition of heavy metallic ions in a solution using PEOA LS films by differential pulse voltammetric (DPV) technique. The DPV study on PEOA LS films in metallic-ions-containing solution showed the distinctive oxidation potentials at 370 (Fe3+), 170 (Hg2+), −130 (Cu2+), −512 (Pb2+) and −720 (Cd2+) mV, respectively. The Pb2+ ions concentration between 0.1 and 5 ppm was detected using PEOA LS films.
Circulating Immune Complexes in Ankylosing Spondylitis (1983)

Circulating immune complexes were determined in the sera of patients with ankylosing spondylitis using a polyethylene glycol precipitation laser nephelometer technique. Positive results were obtained in 52% of sera from patients with active disease, but only in 20% from those in inactive stages. The immunoglobulin/complement protein ratio differed from that seen in rheumatoid arthritis and in systemic lupus erythematosus, due to the relatively larger amounts of C3 and C4 present in the immune complexes. These findings indicate that circulating immune complexes in ankylosing spondylitis may not be of pathogenetic significance because of their degree of solubilization.
Noninjection Synthesis of CdS and Alloyed CdSxSe1−x Nanocrystals Without Nucleation Initiators (2010)

CdS and alloyed CdSxSe1-x nanocrystals were prepared by a simple noninjection method without nucleation initiators. Oleic acid (OA) was used to stabilize the growth of the CdS nanocrystals. The size of the CdS nanocrystals can be tuned by changing the OA/Cd molar ratios. On the basis of the successful synthesis of CdS nanocrystals, alloyed CdSxSe1-x nanocrystals can also be prepared by simply replacing certain amount of S precursor with equal amount of Se precursor, verified by TEM, XRD, EDX as well as UV-Vis absorption analysis. The optical properties of the alloyed CdSxSe1-x nanocrystals can be tuned by adjusting the S/Se feed molar ratios. This synthetic approach developed is highly reproducible and can be readily scaled up for potential industrial production.
Diagnosis of recurrent brain tumor: value of 201Tl SPECT vs 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose PET. (1994)

We were unable to detect a statistically significant difference in sensitivity or specificity between the 201Tl SPECT and FDG PET scans. Both techniques were sensitive for tumor recurrence with lesions less than 1.6 cm or larger. However, given the greater availability, simplicity, and ease of interpretation and the lower cost of the 201Tl SPECT studies, this technique should be considered for detection of tumor recurrence with lesions that are demonstrated to be 1.6 cm or larger on CT or MR examinations.
Retroviral Producer Cells Cause Sarcoma in Severe Combined Immunodeficiency Mice (1995)

Direct in situ introduction of retroviral producer cells might provide a form of treatment for localized tumors. A possible undesirable consequence of this treatment could be uncontrolled proliferation of the injected producer cells. To test this possibility, severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) mice were reconstituted with human peripheral blood lymphocytes which were marked with a retroviral vector using a coculture method. Although specific measures were taken to remove the possible contaminating producer cells, a high percentage of mice developed fibrosarcoma 2-6 weeks after reconstitution. We hypothesized that tumors arose from a small number of contaminating producer cells in the inoculum. Tumor cells were consistently DNA tetraploid, a characteristic of the producer cell line. DNA extracted from tumor tissue was found to contain the gene (neomycin phosphotransferase) used to mark the producer cell line. Furthermore, SCID mice injected with 1 x 10^4 producer cells developed tumors with analogous characteristics. This report indicates that the retroviral producer cell line is tumorigenic in immune-deficient animals.
Multi-Chip Detection of Optical Differential Phase-Shift Keying and Complexity Reduction by Interferometric Decision Feedback (2006)

Optical Multi-Chip DPSK realization is dramatically simplified by feeding past decisions back into delay interferometers. Simulations indicate substantial performance improvements for both binary and quaternary DPSK in the linear and nonlinear fiber transmission regimes.
Thermodynamic Analysis of Silica Refractory Corrosion in Glass-Melting Furnaces (2001)

Corrosion of refractory silica brick used to line the roof or "crown" of many glass-melting furnaces is a serious problem in furnaces using oxygen-fuel rather than air-fuel mixtures. In this work, we report equilibrium calculations that support a corrosion mechanism in which alkali hydroxide gas (NaOH or KOH), produced by reaction of water vapor in the combustion gas with the molten glass, reacts with the silica brick in the furnace crown to produce an alkali silicate liquid with a composition that depends on the temperature of the crown. Our reported calculations predict the variable-composition liquid-solution corrosion product phase as a function of key furnace variables. Critical thermodynamic data needed for the liquid corrosion product were generated using a modified associate species solution model and critical analysis of thermochemical information found in the literature for the and systems. Excellent agreement with reported and phase diagrams and with experimentally measured activities for and is achieved. The results of our current calculations are for temperatures between 1273 and 1973 K (1000-1700°C) under either air-fired or oxy-fired conditions, and are used to define a "critical temperature," above which corrosion is not expected to occur for a given NaOH(g) or KOH(g) partial pressure. © 2001 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.
Compressed Hydrogen Storage for Fuel Cell Vehicles (2001)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Near term (ca. 2005) Fuel Cell Vehicles (FCVs) will primarily utilize Direct-Hydrogen Fuel Cell (DHFC) systems. The primary goal of this study was to provide an analytical basis for including a realistic Compressed Hydrogen Gas (CHG) fuel supply simulation within an existing dynamic DHFC system and vehicle model.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;The purpose of this paper is to provide a tutorial describing the process of modeling a hydrogen storage system for a fuel cell vehicle. Three topics were investigated to address the delivery characteristics of H&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;: temperature change (ΔT), non-ideal gas characteristics at high pressures, and the maximum amount of hydrogen available due to the CHG storage tank effective “state-of-charge” (SOC) -- i.e. how much does the pressure drop between the tank and the fuel cell stack reduce the usable H&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; in the tank.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;The Joule-Thomson coefficient provides an answer to the expected ΔT during expansion of the H&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; from 5000 psi to 45 psi. The temperature change, however, was found to be negligible with regard to fuel cell thermal control issues. The departure from the ideal gas law was evaluated using the Redlich-Kwong equation of state. This provides the most accurate description of the PV=nRT relationship for simple equations of state. The pressure drop must be calculated from a number of factors such as: pipe material, bends within the pipe, length of pipe, and the number of valves (pressure regulators) the gas must pass through. The pressure drop and initial tank volume are used to calculate the remaining hydrogen - and hence the effective SOC for the CHG storage tank.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Primary results for the CHG fuel systems considered include: the temperature shows a change of ca. 13 K, the initial volume was calculated to be 264 Liters (69.7 Gallons) for 6 kg of H&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; stored at ambient temperature and 5000 psi, and the usable H2 depends on the pressure drop within the specific fuel system design. The system was used within an existing dynamic FCV model for fuel cell vehicle analyses.&lt;/div&gt;
Spatial and Temporal Analysis of Direct Communications from Static\n Devices to Mobile Vehicles (2019)

This paper proposes a framework to analyze an emerging wireless architecture\nwhere vehicles collect data from devices. Using stochastic geometry, the\ndevices are modeled by a planar Poisson point process. Independently, roads and\nvehicles are modeled by a Poisson line process and a Cox point process,\nrespectively. For any given time, a vehicle is assumed to communicate with a\nroadside device in a disk of radius $ \\nu $ centered at the vehicle, which is\nreferred to as the coverage disk. We study the proposed network by analyzing\nits short-term and long-term behaviors based on its space and time performance\nmetrics, respectively. As short-term analysis, we explicitly derive the\nsignal-to-interference ratio distribution of the typical vehicle and the area\nspectral efficiency of the proposed network. As long-term analysis, we derive\nthe area fraction of the coverage disks and then compute the latency of the\nnetwork by deriving the distribution of the minimum waiting time of a typical\ndevice to be covered by a disk. Leveraging these properties, we analyze various\ntrade-off relationships and optimize the network utility. We further\ninvestigate these trade-offs using comparison with existing cellular networks.\n
The ABC's of customer support academic and business aspects of customer support (1985)

“Are we doing what we ought to be doing for our users?” “Are we in fact providing services for the campus and other service communities that we think we should be providing?” “Are we serving the people we should be serving?” “Is User Services dying or just beginning?”
Evolution of Sensory Pathways in Vertebrates (1997)

Sensory receptor evolution is a function of the array of events in the physical world that are detectable by biological systems. Examples of both conservation and innovation occur across vertebrates in the organization of sensory systems for the reception of photic, positional, chemical, tactile, mechanosensory and electrosensory lateral line, acoustic, and magnetic stimuli. Recent findings in genetics and ontogeny allow new approaches to questions of how new sensory receptors and their corresponding central nervous system pathways evolve, how sensory specialization arises and its effects on other sensory systems, the role of cell-adhesion molecules in the ontogeny of sensory pathways and their topological organization, and the occurrence of reorganization and co-option of developmental modules over sensory system evolution. Relatively simple alterations at the genetic and ontogenetic levels often can result in alterations in the phenotype of far greater complexity.
Phosphorylation of chloroplast ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase small subunit by an envelope-bound protein kinase in situ. (1983)

A new protein kinase of the cAMP independent type was found to be bound to the outer envelope membrane of spinach chloroplasts. While stimulated by Mg2+ and inhibited by ADP, the enzyme showed no response to conventional protein substrates and was essentially independent of pH in the physiological (pH 7 to 8) range. The new protein kinase phosphorylated the mature form of the small subunit of ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase and, to a lesser extent, an unidentified 24-kDa polypeptide, both of which were bound to the outer envelope membrane. The results suggest that phosphorylation of cytoplasmically synthesized protein constituents of chloroplasts is involved in their transport through the chloroplast envelope membrane barrier.