gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Blood-brain barrier permeability to sucrose and dextran after osmotic opening (1984)

Regional cerebrovascular permeability-surface area (PA) products were calculated for two nonelectrolyte tracers differing considerably in molecular weight and size [( 14C]sucrose: mol wt 340 daltons, radius 5 A; and [3H]dextran: mol wt approximately 79,000 daltons, radius approximately 65 A) in control (uninfused) rats and in rats 6, 35, and 55 min after the blood-brain barrier was opened by a 30-s infusion of 1.8 molal L(+)-arabinose into a carotid artery. In control brain regions, mean PA for [14C]sucrose was 10(-5) s-1, whereas PA was not measurable for [3H]dextran. Six minutes after arabinose infusion, PA for both substances increased dramatically to 10(-4) s-1 or more; PA then declined at 35 and 55 min after arabinose infusion, but more markedly for [3H]dextran than for [14C]sucrose. The results demonstrate a size-dependent, differential rate of closure of the blood-brain barrier after osmotic opening. This is shown to be consistent with a pore model with bulk flow for blood-brain barrier permeability after osmotic opening.
Ni(OH)2‐WP Hybrid Nanorod Arrays for Highly Efficient and Durable Hydrogen Evolution Reactions in Alkaline Media (2018)

The development of efficient non-noble-metal hydrogen evolution electrocatalysts in alkaline media is crucial for sustainable, ecofriendly production of H<sub>2</sub> through water electrolysis. An alkaline hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) catalyst composed of Ni(OH)<sub>2</sub> -decorated thungsten phosphide (WP) nanorod arrays on carbon paper was synthesized by thermal evaporation and electrodeposition. This hybrid catalyst displayed outstanding HER activity and required a low overpotential of only 77 mV to obtain a current density of 10 mA cm<sup>-2</sup> and a Tafel slope of 71 mV dec<sup>-1</sup> . The hybrid catalyst also showed long-term electrochemical stability, maintaining its activity for 18 h. This improved HER efficiency was attributed to the synergetic effect of WP and Ni(OH)<sub>2</sub> : Ni(OH)<sub>2</sub> effectively lowers the energy barrier during water dissociation and also provides active sites for hydroxyl adsorption, whereas WP adsorbs hydrogen intermediates and efficiently produces H<sub>2</sub> gas. This interfacial cooperation offers not only excellent HER catalytic activity but also new strategies for the fabrication of effective non-noble-metal-based electrocatalysts in alkaline media.
Allele-specific PCR for quantitative analysis of mutants in live viral vaccines (2014)

Monitoring consistency of genetic composition of oral polio vaccine (OPV) is a part of its quality control. It is performed by mutant analysis by PCR and restriction enzyme cleavage (MAPREC) used to quantify neurovirulent revertants in the viral genome. Here an alternative method based on quantitative PCR is proposed. Allele-specific quantitative polymerase chain reaction (asqPCR) uses a "tethered" oligonucleotide primer consisting of two specific parts connected by a polyinosine stretch. Homogeneous DNA from plasmids containing wild Leon/37 and attenuated Sabin 3 sequences with 100% 472(C) and 100% 472(T) could only be amplified using homologous primers. Real-time implementation of the allele-specific PCR resulted in sensitive detection of 472(C) revertants with the limit of quantitation of less than 0.05%. Monovalent vaccine batches and international viral references for MAPREC test were used to validate the method. asqPCR performed with the WHO references and monovalent batches of vaccine showed that the new method could measure accurately and reproducibly the content of revertants producing values comparable to MAPREC results. This suggests that asqPCR could be used as an alternative to MAPREC for lot release of OPV. The method could also be used for the quantitation of other mutants in populations of microorganisms.
Effect of tumor‐associated mutant E‐cadherin variants with defects in exons 8 or 9 on matrix metalloproteinase 3 (2004)

Tumor progression is characterized by loss of cell adhesion and increase of invasion and metastasis. The cell adhesion molecule E-cadherin is frequently down-regulated or mutated in tumors. In addition to down-regulation of cell adhesion, degradation of the extracellular matrix by matrix metalloproteinases is necessary for tumor cell spread. To investigate a possible link between E-cadherin and matrix metalloproteinase 3 (MMP-3), we examined expression of MMP-3 in human MDA-MB-435S cells transfected with wild-type (wt) or three different tumor-associated mutant E-cadherin variants with alterations in exons 8 or 9, originally identified in gastric carcinoma patients. In the presence of wt E-cadherin, the MMP-3 protein level was decreased in cellular lysates and in the supernatant where a secreted form of the protein is detectable. Down-regulation of MMP-3 was not found in MDA-MB-435S transfectants expressing mutant E-cadherin variants which indicates that E-cadherin mutations interfere with the MMP-3 suppressing function of E-cadherin. The mechanism of regulation of MMP-3 by E-cadherin is presently not clear. We have previously found that cell motility is enhanced by expression of the mutant E-cadherin variants used in this study. Here, we found that application of the synthetic inhibitor of MMP-3 NNGH and small interfering RNA (siRNA) directed against MMP-3 reduce mutant E-cadherin-enhanced cell motility. Taken together, our results point to a functional link between MMP-3 and E-cadherin. MMP-3 is differentially regulated by expression of wt or mutant E-cadherin. On the other hand, MMP-3 plays a role in the enhancement of cell motility by mutant E-cadherin. Both observations may be highly relevant for tumor progression since they concern degradation of the extracellular matrix and tumor cell spread.
The disposition and dynamics of labetalol in patients on dialysis (1986)

The disposition of labetalol was assessed in 16 patients on dialysis after intravenous dosing with 0.7 to 1.0 mg/kg during an interdialytic period and just before hemodialysis (n = 8) and during continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) (n = 8). The plasma concentration time data exhibited triexponential decay in all patients. The terminal t 1/2 of labetalol was 12.90 +/- 4.68 hours, the total body clearance was 1198.2 +/- 249.4 ml/min, and the AUC was 921.4 +/- 175.2 ng hr/ml during the interdialytic period. No significant changes were observed in these parameters after dosing with labetalol just before dialysis. The hemodialysis clearance of labetalol was 30.67 +/- 5.49 ml/min, and only 0.189 +/- 0.042 mg of labetalol was removed by hemodialysis. The terminal t 1/2 averaged 13.05 +/- 6.32 hours during CAPD. Steady-state volume of distribution, total body clearance (Clp), and CAPD clearance were 10.39 +/- 2.77 L/kg, 1397.2 +/- 372.3 ml/min, and 1.94 +/- 0.65 ml/min, respectively. The fraction of the dose recovered in the CAPD dialysate during the 72-hour study period was 0.14% +/- 0.09%. The decay of the antihypertensive effect of labetalol was gradual and paralleled the decline in the log plasma concentration. There was a significant correlation between labetalol plasma concentration and the fall in supine diastolic and mean blood pressure after the interdialytic dose and during CAPD. Although labetalol is removed by dialysis, dialysis does not significantly enhance Clp.
Implementation of Network-Coded Cooperation for Energy Efficient Content Distribution in 5G Mobile Small Cells (2020)

The continuous increase of mobile data traffic calls for the design of energy-efficient content distribution mechanisms, to be incorporated in the fifth generation of mobile networks, 5G. One of the biggest concerns of the companies and the research community is to reduce the energy consumption in both the user equipments (UEs) and the network equipment. In this article, we present a novel content distribution framework called Network-Coded Cooperative (NCC) Networks, which benefits from the interplay between mobile clouds (MC) and Random Linear Network Coding (RLNC) to reduce the overall energy consumption in the devices that take part in the communication. This novel framework leads to reduced energy consumption by offloading the cellular interface to a link with greater energy efficiency, for instance, WiFi, within the mobile small cell. We evaluate the performance of our framework analytically and in practical implementation (i.e., testbed) in terms of throughput, energy savings, packet decoding ratio, latency, and synchronicity. In comparison to the conventional content distribution system, for the case of four users, the analytical model and the testbed implementation show energy savings of more than 12% and 8%, respectively. Furthermore, network usage is reduced, losses are neutralized, and the content is synchronously distributed to all users.
Hapten-Specific Help Mediated by an Anti-ABA T Cell Line (1983)

Long-term cultures of functional T cells were grown from mice injected with azobenzene arsonate (ABA) coupled spleen cells or mice painted with the diazonium salt of p-phenylarsonate. All cell lines produced delayed hypersensitivity to ABA. When tested for helper function in an antibody-forming cell assay only one line, AA3, helped plaque-forming cell formation. It was able to help anti-FLU response of FLU-HGG primed B cells to ABA-KLH-FLU. The help required linkage of the ABA and FLU determinants because cultures stimulated with a mixture of ABA-KLH and TNP-KLH-FLU did not show increased PFC. These experiments demonstrate hapten-specific help in a system which eliminates involvement of passively absorbed antibody in hapten recognition.
Entanglement distribution in optical networks (2015)

The ability to generate entangled photon pairs over a broad wavelength range opens the door to the simultaneous distribution of entanglement to multiple users in a network by using centralized sources and flexible wavelength-division multiplexing schemes. Here, we show the design of a metropolitan optical network consisting of tree-type access networks, whereby entangled photon pairs are distributed to any pair of users, independent of their location. The network is constructed employing commercial off-the-shelf components and uses the existing infrastructure, which allows for moderate deployment costs. We further develop a channel plan and a network-architecture design to provide a direct optical path between any pair of users; thus, allowing classical and one-way quantum communication, as well as entanglement distribution. This allows the simultaneous operation of multiple quantum information technologies. Finally, we present a more flexible backbone architecture that pushes away the load limitations of the original network design by extending its reach, number of users and capabilities.
Theoretical study of the solvent effect on the hydrogen abstraction reaction of the methyl radical with hydrogen peroxide † (2000)

The hydrogen abstraction reaction of the methyl radical with hydrogen peroxide (CH3˙ + HOOH → CH4 + HOO˙) in both the gas phase and aqueous solution was studied by means of quantum chemical calculations. The gas phase reaction was described at the MP2, QCISD(T) and CCSD(T) levels of theory. To evaluate the effect of the solvent, different continuum solvation models were used. First, as a necessary calibration, the performance of the polarizable continuum model (PCM), the conductor like screening model (CPCM) and the conductor like screening model for real solvents (COSMO-RS) was tested in the calculation of the free energies of hydration for a set of 16 neutral organic molecules. The PCM and CPCM solvation models reproduce the experimental hydration free energies best, with an rms value of about 0.2 kcal mol−1. The solvent effect on both the activation and reaction energies of the reaction of the methyl radical with hydrogen peroxide was subsequently calculated. All solvation models confirm the experimentally observed decrease in reaction rate in going from gas phase to aqueous solution. The PCM and CPCM suggest an increase in activation energy by about 4 kcal mol−1, corresponding thus to a 1000-fold decrease in reaction rate, in good agreement with experiment. The reason for such a strong solvent effect is a larger stabilization of hydrogen peroxide by water.
P‐68: Development of Dye‐Containing Hybrid Color PR for LCD Color Filter (2011)

Abstract A group of dye‐containing hybrid color PR was developed and it showed higher brightness and contrast ratio than conventional pigment‐typed color PR. Reliability in terms of thermal, light, and chemical resistances of the hybrid color PR was comparable to that of pigment‐typed color PR. And, patterning property was also as feasible as that of pigment‐type color PR.
Mechanism, scaling and rates of protein aggregation from in vivo measurements (2020)

The formation and proliferation of protein aggregates play a central role in a number of devastating neuro-degenerative diseases. Many experimental studies indicate that the ability of existing aggregates to replicate is a key property in generating their pathogenic effect across a range of diseases. However, given the complexity of the process in vivo, no principled general approach currently exists to obtain the rates of the fundamental steps that underlie aggregate formation from measurements in living systems. In order to address this challenge, here we present a general approach for analysing aggregation kinetics that considers broad classes of processes that can be described by a family of scaling solutions. Our approach is not limited only to fibrillar aggregates, but applies to any aggregate shape. We show that the rates can reliably be extracted by fitting of a simple logistic function, even from experimental data in living systems, and give a very general analytical expression that relates the scaling of the exponential rate with monomer concentration to the microscopic details of the underlying reaction. This approach can thus be used to infer the microscopic mechanism driving the aggregation process from macroscopic measurements in complex systems.
Experiments on plasma assisted combustion using a dielectric barrier surface discharge (2013)

This paper report on experiments performed using a dielectric barrier surface discharge to increase the combustion rate in a Bunsen-type burner. The burner has a coaxial geometry where premixed fuel-air flows in the outer annular tube while a jet of air can be injected through the central tube, thus increasing turbulent mixing and flame speed. When the central jet is used the power density but not the total power of the flame increases and gives the possibility of studying the influence of the discharge as a function of power density in the flame. It is found that, although the total power in the flame is held constant, when the power density in the flame increases the influence of the electrical power on the flame characteristics decreases.
Urea Enzymatic Dialysis Procedure for Determination of Total Dietary Fiber (1989)

A method that uses urea and enzymes for determination of total dietary fiber (TDF) in foods has been developed and compared with the AOAC enzymatic-gravimetric method (43.A14-43.A20). In the evaluation, results for crude protein and ash contamination were higher by the AOAC method, particularly for samples that form gels during ethanol precipitation. The new urea enzymatic dialysis (UED) method quantitatively recovered, with less variation, more of the purified and semipurified dietary fiber products. TDF recoveries for carboxymethylcellulose and locust bean gum were 98% (SD 3.3) and 95% (SD 6.1) by the AOAC method and 99% (SD 1.0) and 100% (SD 0.6) by the UED method, respectively. The UED method was the more effective in removing starch. For kale samples, starch recovery was 3.5 and 0.2% from TDF residues obtained using the AOAC and UED methods, respectively. Differences were not significant among replicate values for determination of TDF in foods by the UED method (P greater than 0.01). Preliminary studies suggest that the new method can separately determine soluble and insoluble dietary fiber. The data indicate that the UED method is more precise and accurate than the AOAC method.
Ligand-Free Open−Closed Transitions of Periplasmic Binding Proteins: The Case of Glutamine-Binding Protein (2010)

The ability to undergo large-scale domain rearrangements is essential for the substrate-binding function of periplasmic binding proteins (PBPs), which are indispensable for nutrient uptake in Gram-negative bacteria. Crystal structures indicate that PBPs typically adopt either an "open" unliganded configuration or a "closed" liganded one. However, it is not clear whether, as a general rule, PBPs remain open until ligand-induced interdomain closure or are in equilibrium with a minor population of unliganded, closed species. Evidence for the latter has been recently reported on maltose-binding protein (MBP) in aqueous solution [Tang, C., et al. (2007) Nature 449, 1078-1082] via paramagnetic relaxation enhancement (PRE), a technique able to probe lowly populated regions of conformational space. Here, we use PRE to study the unliganded open-closed transition of another PBP: glutamine-binding protein (GlnBP). Through a combination of domain structure knowledge and intermolecular and concentration dependence PRE experiments, a set of surface residues was found to be involved in intermolecular interactions. Barring such residues, PRE data on ligand-free GlnBP, paramagnetically labeled at two sites (one at a time), could be appropriately explained by the unliganded, open crystal structure in that it both yielded a good PRE fit and was not significantly affected by PRE-based refinement. Thus, contrary to MBP, our data did not particularly suggest the coexistence of a minor closed conformer. Several possibilities were explored to explain the observed differences in such closely structurally related systems; among them, a particularly interesting one arises from close inspection of the interdomain "hinge" region of various PBPs: strong hydrogen bond interactions discourage large-scale interdomain dynamics.
Highly Diastereoselective Synthesis of vicinal Quaternary and Tertiary Stereocenters Using the Iodo-aldol Cyclization (2007)

The intramolecular iodo-aldol cyclization of alpha-substituted enoate aldehydes and ketones is described. Using prochiral starting materials, the reaction produces hetero- and carbocycles containing quaternary centers adjacent to secondary or tertiary centers. The reactions occur in good yields and are highly selective for the trans-products, having the hydroxyl and iodomethyl groups on opposite faces of the ring system.
The nature and status of certification in the United States (2022)

Forest certification has been promoted as a market-based incentive for improved forest management. Indeed, U.S. producers are increasingly interested in whether they should become certified. However, the economic and market implications, as well as the current nature and status of certified wood markets in the United States, are not well understood. A review indicates that producers face both direct and indirect costs associated with adoption. These costs are expected to be covered by increased product prices, or the green premium. The overall impact on market equilibrium though is uncertain. For example, widespread certification could force marginal forest land to go out of commercial production. Current production of certified wood in the United States is limited to four major producers. Although the market for certified wood is distributed throughout the United States, merchants of certified products are located primarily on the west coast. Sawn wood, flooring, S2S lumber, and wholesale furniture are the most popular items.
Precision flip-chip solder bump interconnects for optical packaging (1992)

Solder bump flip-chip technology is particularly well suited to the packaging of classes of devices, such as fine pitch light emitting diode (LED) array electrophotographic print heads, which place premiums on precision alignment, high electrical interconnect density, close die placement, and low cost. The manufacturing feasibility of such an array was investigated, with particular emphasis on the quality of surface tension induced self-alignment inherent in solder bump bonding. An array of surface emitting LED diode array chips was fabricated employing 75- mu m-diameter solder bumps on 156- mu m pitch. The chips were spaced 15 mu m edge-to-edge, face down, on a glass substrate patterned with thin-film metallization. Chip-to-substrate alignment errors in the X-Y plane were found to be under 1.5 mu m with a standard deviation of under 1.0 mu m, well below the 10-15- mu m error typical of the standard mechanical alignment method. Improvements in light output uniformity and a reduction in scattered light over arrays manufactured with conventional die placement and wire bonding were also observed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Insights into the Pathogenetic Mechanisms of Unstable Angina (1990)

Patients with unstable angina and/or non-Q-wave infarction constitute a group that is at high risk for progression to acute myocardial infarction or sudden death. Furthermore, in spite of maximal medical therapy, a large fraction of these patients experience recurrent episodes of myocardial ischemia prompting surgical revascularization or coronary angioplasty. In prior studies of patients with unstable angina, the incidence of myocardial infarction within 1 month of hospitalization was 8-13%, and the incidence of death was about 4%. Between 3 months and 1 year after presentation, the cumulative rate of infarction or death increased to 10-14 and 8-10%, respectively. That is, most recurrent ischemic events occur within the first 3 months after the onset of symptoms. In the subset of patients with pain at rest or with electrocardiographic changes at the time of admission, the prognosis is even worse. The rate of myocardial infarction or death in such patients ranged between 14 and 21% during the first 3-4 months after onset of symptoms. Crossover to surgical therapy because of recurrent ischemic pain was also common, occurring in 30-50% of the patients at 3 months. Recent advances in understanding the pathophysiology of these two syndromes suggest that an aggressive antithrombotic regimen could be of great benefit in preventing progression to acute coronary occlusion and death. Pathologic investigations strongly suggested that plaque fissuring and subsequent overlying thrombosis were the major components in the process of unstable angina progressing to myocardial infarction and/or sudden death. This hypothesis has been substantiated by recent pathologic studies of patients who died shortly after the onset of unstable angina. Examination of the coronary arteries revealed not only plaque fissuring with superimposed layers of thrombus in the majority of the cases, but also evidence of distal thromboembolism from these foci. In vivo coronary arteriography in patients with unstable angina highlighted the progression of prior coronary stenoses, even to total occlusion, and the eccentric and irregular angiographic morphology of the ischemia-producing lesions. Furthermore, intracoronary thrombus is often seen at these sites, especially when arteriography is carried out soon after rest pain. These observations also suggested that plaque rupture may have occurred. Intraoperative angioscopy has revealed ruptured plaques in patients with progressive unstable angina, while those with rest pain had complicating thrombi. Patients with unstable angina also have biochemical evidence of activation of both the coagulation systems and platelets.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)