gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
<title>SDI ladar technology program update</title> (1992)

SDI''s Global Protection Against Limited Strikes program has undertaken the development of both solid-state laser and CO2 laser-based ladars. CO2 ladar development is intensively concerned with the reduction of system volumes and weights for orbital deployment, as can be seen in the development milestones of the LOWKATER space-traceable ladar system, Laser Imager Component Development, and a compact, multiple-CO2-laser ladar configuration for interceptor applications
Albumin administration in the acutely ill: what is new and where next? (2014)

Albumin solutions have been used worldwide for the treatment of critically ill patients since they became commercially available in the 1940s. However, their use has become the subject of criticism and debate in more recent years. Importantly, all fluid solutions have potential benefits and drawbacks. Large multicenter randomized studies have provided valuable data regarding the safety of albumin solutions, and have begun to clarify which groups of patients are most likely to benefit from their use. However, many questions remain related to where exactly albumin fits within our fluid choices. Here, we briefly summarize some of the physiology and history of albumin use in intensive care before offering some evidence-based guidance for albumin use in critically ill patients.
From plant genomes to phenotypes (2017)

Recent advances in sequencing technologies have greatly accelerated the rate of plant genome and applied breeding research. Despite this advancing trend, plant genomes continue to present numerous difficulties to the standard tools and pipelines not only for genome assembly but also gene annotation and downstream analysis. Here we give a perspective on tools, resources and services necessary to assemble and analyze plant genomes and link them to plant phenotypes.
An unprecedented porphyrin-pillar[5]arene hybrid ditopic receptor (2015)

A porphyrin-pillar[5]arene hybrid host compound with a ditopic receptor nature was synthesized for the first time, which combines a neutral 1,4-bis(imidazol-1-yl)butane guest by means of its two active centers to form a stable supramolecular complex.
Selective ablation of the amorphous silicon layer by the second-harmonic wave of the TEA CO2 laser (1994)

TEA CO 2 lasers operate efficiently with high output energy and are expected to open up new applications in the industrial field. The TEA CO 2 laser can oscillate at a single line between 9 and 11 µm with a high peak power pulse which is strongly absorbed by a vibrational- rotational line of the organic polymer materials. The efficient ablation of the organic polymer materials such as polyether ether ketone and polyether sul- phone by single line selected TEA CO 2 lasers was successfully demonstrated. 1
Microwave-Mediated Biofuel Production (2017)

This book focuses on chemical syntheses and processes for biofuel production mediated by microwave energy. This is the first contribution in this area serving as a resource and guidance manual for understanding the principles, mechanisms, design, and applications of microwaves in biofuel process chemistry. Green chemistry of microwave-mediated biofuel reactions and thermodynamic potentials for the process biochemistry are the focus of this book. Microwave generation, wave propagation, process design, development and configurations, and biofuel applications are discussed in detail.
Improved photoluminescence of InGaAsN–(In)GaAsP quantum well by organometallic vapor phase epitaxy using growth pause annealing (2003)

The metalorganic chemical vapor deposition of a highly strained InGaAsN quantum-well (QW) surrounded by (In)GaAsP direct barrier layers is investigated. We found that growth pause annealing with AsH3, performed immediately before and after the growth of the QW, significantly improves the optical quality of InGaAsN QW with (In)GaAsP direct barriers. The utilization of larger band gap barrier materials, such as InGaAsP or GaAsP, will potentially lead to reduced carrier leakage from the QW laser structures.
Need a Lift? A Rotary Gear Pump, an ESP System Without the ESP Pump (2019)

Abstract Electric submersible pump (ESP) systems have over many decades proven themselves as a reliable Industry leading lift system. However, there are limitations to the ESP lift system particularly with reliability and performance in high volume deep unconventional wells with steep decline curves and high amounts of free gas which present multiple challenges that require reliable solutions to enhance the performance and run life of the ESP system and increase overall production. This paper presents the "new innovative next thing" in artificial lift. A robust high volume, low speed positive displacement rotary gear pump (RGP) that has the ability to operate reliably throughout ranges untouched with centrifugal pumps, delivers optimal production and does so in a cost-effective manner in comparison to a conventional ESP system. The main challenge for long economical production is high decline rate – typically production rates drop 50-80% of initial rates after the first year. The primary reasons for such reservoir behavior: transient inflow effect, no pressure maintained and fracture deterioration. Producing a wide and flexible range of production rates with high efficiency is a significant challenge to artificial lift selection. With the Industry trending to reduce costs by drilling reduced ID horizontal wellbores with long lateral lengths, this poses a challenge particularly in integrating a life-time one artificial lift system design to capture both the high and low ends of the decline curves that can be handled by ESP systems particularly in confined wellbore architectures. This coupled with operational issues such as pump cavitation or gas locking, high motor operating temperatures, and abrasion/erosional issues due to excessive gas slugging and solids production led to the development of an innovative positive displacement pump. This paper describes the steps undertaken in designing, testing, and planning a pilot for a prototype rotary gear pump which replaces the centrifugal pump component of an ESP system while addressing all of the functional requirements for successful field implementation.
Activation of a vinculin binding site (VBS) in the talin rod involves rearrangement of a five-helix bundle (2004)

Oxido Squalene Cyclase (OSC) catalyses the synthesis of the steroid scaffold which is a key step in the synthesis of cholesterol. In a single highly selective reaction OSC forms lanosterol from the linear substrate oxido squalene.
The IPv6 Link-Local Address Type Field (1998)

IPv6 link-local addresses are formed from the prefix fe80::/10 which
is followed by 54 zero bits, then followed by a 64-bit Interface
Identifier. There are multiple methods for generating link-local
addresses, and multiple may be in use by nodes on the same link (and
sometimes even the same interface) at the same time. This document
defines an IPv6 link-local address Type field that identifies the
type of link-local address being used.
Microfabricated ion traps for LogiQal Qubits. (2021)

Abstract not provided.
Evolution of satellite plasmids can stabilize the maintenance of newly acquired accessory genes in bacteria (2019)

Abstract Plasmids play a principal role in the spread of antibiotic resistance and other traits by horizontal gene transfer in bacteria. However, newly acquired plasmids generally impose a fitness burden on a cell, and they are lost from a population rapidly if there is not selection to maintain a unique function encoded on the plasmid. Mutations that ameliorate this fitness cost can sometimes eventually stabilize a plasmid in a new host, but they typically do so by inactivating some of its novel accessory genes. In this study, we identified an additional evolutionary pathway that can prolong the maintenance of newly acquired genes encoded on a plasmid. We discovered that propagation of an RSF1010-based IncQ plasmid in Escherichia coli often generated ‘satellite plasmids’ with spontaneous deletions of accessory genes and genes required for plasmid replication. These smaller plasmid variants are nonautonomous genetic parasites. Their presence in a cell drives down the copy number of full-length plasmids, which reduces the burden from the accessory genes without eliminating them entirely. The evolution of satellite plasmids may be favored relative to other plasmid fates because they give a more immediate fitness advantage to a cell’s progeny and because the organization of IncQ plasmids makes them particularly prone to certain deletions during replication. Satellite plasmids also evolved in Snodgrassella alvi colonizing the honey bee gut, suggesting that this mechanism may broadly contribute to the importance of IncQ plasmids as agents of bacterial gene transfer in nature. Significance Statement Plasmids are multicopy DNA elements found in bacteria that replicate independently of a cell’s chromosome. The spread of plasmids carrying antibiotic-resistance genes to new bacterial pathogens is a challenge for treating life-threatening infections. Often plasmids or their accessory genes encoding unique functions are lost soon after transfer into a new cell because they impose a fitness burden. We report that a family of transmissible plasmids can rapidly evolve ‘satellite plasmids’ that replicate as genetic parasites of the original plasmid. Satellite plasmid formation reduces the burden from the newly acquired genes, which may enable them to survive intact for longer after transfer into a new cell and thereby contribute to the spread of antibiotic resistance and other traits within bacterial populations.
Fiber-based shape-morphing architectures (2019)

We describe a combined experimental and theoretical investigation of shape-morphing structures assembled by actuating composite (Janus) fibers, taking into account multiple relevant factors affecting shape transformations, such as strain rate, composition, and geometry of the structures. Starting with simple bending experiments, we demonstrate the ways to attain multiple out-of-plane shapes of closed rings and square frames. Through combining theory and simulation, we examine how the mechanical properties of Janus fibers affect shape transitions. This allows us to control shape changes and to attain target 3D shapes by precise tuning of the material properties and geometry of the fibers. Our results open new perspectives of design of advanced mechanical metamaterials capable to create elaborate structures through sophisticated actuation modes.
Coronary stenting in 1000 consecutive patients. Long-term clinical and angiographic results. (1997)

Coronary stent implantation has become an accepted treatment for selected patients but the long-term outcome after stent implantation has not been investigated in a large unselected population. This study reports clinical and angiographic results after coronary stent implantation in a consecutive group of 1000 patients treated between November 1989 and June 1994. A total of 2012 stents were implanted in 1216 lesions. The anticoagulation regimen after successful stenting was abolished in the last 499 patients, treated with aspirin and ticlopidina. Complex lesions (type B2, type C lesions and chronic total occlusions) were less frequent in the group with anticoagulation (67%, 355/529 lesions) than in the group without anticoagulation (76%, 485/641; p < 0.01). Vessel size was also significantly smaller in the group with no anticoagulation (3.21 +/- 0.50 mm vs 2.89 +/- 0.70 mm; p < 0.001). Procedural success was achieved in 96% of cases. Major complications occurred in 49 pts, including death (1%), emergency bypass surgery (2.7%), and myocardial infarction (2.1%). Subacute stent thrombosis, observed in 2.6% of the patients treated with anticoagulation, decreased to 1% in the last 499 patients receiving only antiplatelet drugs after high pressure stent expansion controlled with intravascular ultrasound (p < 0.05). Angiographic follow-up was obtained at a mean interval of 6.6 +/- 3.0 months in 718 patients (75% of the eligible candidates). The global restenosis rate (greater than 50% diameter stenosis) was 22%, with no statistically significant difference in patients with and without anticoagulation after stenting. Clinical follow-up was available in 890 patients at a mean interval of 14 +/- 17 months. Late cardiac events occurred in 251 patients and included: 159 repeat coronary angioplasties for restenosis (20%), 114 coronary angioplasties for de novo lesions (10%), 33 elective by-pass surgery operations (3.7%) and 42 late deaths (4.7%). At the most recent follow-up there were 719 pts (81%) free of anginal symptoms, including patients having repeat angioplasty for restenosis or disease progression. Coronary stenting has a low incidence of procedural complications and high-pressure ultrasound guided implantation has drastically reduced the risk of subacute thrombosis. Repeat procedures due to restenosis remain the most important limitation of the technique and do not seem to be affected by evolving technique and operator experience.
Double-maximum enhancement of signal-to-noise ratio gain via stochastic resonance and vibrational resonance (2014)

This paper studies the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) gain of a parallel array of nonlinear elements that transmits a common input composed of a periodic signal and external noise. Aiming to further enhance the SNR gain, each element is injected with internal noise components or high-frequency sinusoidal vibrations. We report that the SNR gain exhibits two maxima at different values of the internal noise level or of the sinusoidal vibration amplitude. For the addition of internal noise to an array of threshold-based elements, the condition for occurrence of stochastic resonance is analytically investigated in the limit of weak signals. Interestingly, when the internal noise components are replaced by high-frequency sinusoidal vibrations, the SNR gain displays the vibrational multiresonance phenomenon. In both considered cases, there are certain regions of the internal noise intensity or the sinusoidal vibration amplitude wherein the achieved maximal SNR gain can be considerably beyond unity for a weak signal buried in non-Gaussian external noise. Due to the easy implementation of sinusoidal vibration modulation, this approach is potentially useful for improving the output SNR in an array of nonlinear devices.
Temperature dependence of structural parameters in the perovskite Na0.74WO3 (2005)

Abstract Na x WO 3 undergoes three phase transitions involving tilting of the oxygen octahedra about 〈100〉 pseudocubic directions. We have measured the temperature dependence of the lattice parameters between 200 and 750 K – a temperature range that spans the three transitions – and determined the evolution of the structure within each phase as temperature changes. The experiments were performed on the high‐resolution powder diffractometer HRPD, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, UK, using time‐of‐flight neutron diffraction. The critical exponent that describes the temperature dependence of the total tilt angle has been evaluated. An unexpected change in the thermal expansion coefficient in the cubic phase is not understood: an argument based on Landau's theory of phase transitions is used to demonstrate that the change is not the result of co‐existence of two phases. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH &amp; Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Pomegranate (Punica granatum) Peel Inhibits the In Vitro and In Vivo Growth of Piroplasm Parasites (2022)

Pomegranate (<i>Punica granatum</i>) peel has seen a rapid surge in attention as a medical and nutritional product over the last decade. The impact of pomegranate peel methanolic extract monotherapy and combination therapy on the <i>in vitro</i> growth of <i>Babesia</i> (<i>B.</i>) <i>bovis</i>, <i>B. bigemina</i>, <i>B. divergens</i>, <i>B. caballi</i>, and <i>Theileria</i> (<i>T.</i>) <i>equi</i>, as well as <i>B. microti</i> in mice, was investigated in this work. Fluorescence-based SYBR green I assay was used for evaluating the inhibitory antibabesial efficacy of pomegranate (<i>Punica granatum</i>) peel against the growth of several piroplasm parasites <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i>. Celltac <i>α</i> MEK-6450 computerized haematology analyzer was used for monitoring the haematological parameters of treated mice every 4 days. Pomegranate peel inhibited the <i>in vitro</i> growth of <i>B. bovis</i>, <i>B. bigemina</i>, <i>B. divergens</i>, <i>T. equi</i>, and <i>B. caballi</i> in a dose-dependent manner, with IC<sub>50</sub> values of 154.45 ± 23.11, 40.90 ± 9.35, 72.71 ± 14.77, 100 ± 16.20, and 77.27 ± 16.94 <i>μ</i>g/ml, respectively. On a <i>B. bovis</i> culture, the <i>in vitro</i> inhibitory effect of pomegranate peel was amplified when it was combined with diminazene aceturate (DA). Combination therapy of pomegranate peel and a low dose of DA (15 mg kg<sup>-1</sup>) inhibited <i>B. microti</i> growth significantly (<i>P</i> < 0.05) higher than the treatment with the full dose of DA (25 mg kg<sup>-1</sup>) in <i>B. microti</i>-infected mice. These findings suggest that pomegranate peel might be a potential medicinal plant for babesiosis treatment, especially when combined with a low dosage of DA.
Fragmentation Pathways of Tadalafil and Its Analogues in Electrospray Ionization Tandem Mass Spectrometry (2017)

Tadalafil is one of the most potent inhibitors against Type V phosphodiesterase (PDE‐5) along with sildenafil and vardenafil exhibiting high efficacy in treatment for erectile dysfunction (ED). Due to their high ED efficacy, many illegal attempts to add their derivatives in dietary supplements have been made and LC‐ESI‐MS/MS has proven to be a powerful tool to expose such malfeasance. In contrast to sildenafil or vardenafil‐based analogues, tadalafil analogues have limited structural variation mainly localized at N 2‐position to maintain their pharmacological activity. Therefore, it is probable that even the illegal yet unknown tadalafil analogues have similar structural aspect. After careful examination of ESI‐MS/MS spectra of tadalafil and its eight analogues, a detailed fragmentation mechanism with three major pathways was identified. Based on this mechanism, four distinct common ions [ m/z 135 ( C1 ), m/z 262 ( C2 ), m/z 197 ( C3 ), m/z 169 ( C4 )] and additional identifier ions ( I1 ~ I7 ) that reflect the structural variations were assigned.
Dose, shape, and hybrid modifications for PYRAMID in electron beam proximity effect correction (1997)

As the dimensions of circuit primitives are reduced, the proximity effect becomes an increasingly important limiting factor in the fabrication of high density integrated circuits using electron beam (e-beam) lithography. In the past, proximity effect correction schemes have in general utilized one of two different approaches: dose or shape modification. Previously, PYRAMID, a hierarchical, rule-based proximity effect correction scheme which has been demonstrated to be able to correct circuit patterns with a minimum feature size of 0.1 μm was successfully presented. Although PYRAMID has been implemented with a pattern shape modification technique, its correction algorithms are not limited to this approach. In this article, the two approaches are compared in details in terms of CD error (edge placement error) and edge contrast, using the two corresponding versions of PYRAMID. A hybrid approach, i.e., combination of dose and shape modifications, is also considered.
Nuclear dissipation and the giant dipole resonance (1991)

The influence of nuclear dissipation on the formation and decay of compound nuclei is studied with the γ-ray decay of the giant dipole resonance (GDR) built on highly excited states. The compound nuclei <sup>164</sup>Yb, <sup>160</sup>Er, and <sup>110</sup>Sn were produced with very mass-asymmetric and with more mass symmetric target/projectile combinations. While the γ-ray spectra from the more symmetrically formed <sup>160</sup>Er and <sup>164</sup>Yb show large deviation from statistical model prediction, the reaction leading to <sup>110</sup>Sn show no such deviations. We discuss a possible explanation of these observed entrance channel effects qualitatively within the particle exchange model.
Nanostructured Thin Film Polymer Devices for Constant-Rate Protein Delivery (2012)

Herein long-term delivery of proteins from biodegradable thin film devices is demonstrated, where a nanostructured polymer membrane controls release. Protein was sealed between two poly(caprolactone) films, which generated the thin film devices. Protein release for 210 days was shown in vitro, and stable activity was established through 70 days with a model protein. These thin film devices present a promising delivery platform for biologic therapeutics, particularly for application in constrained spaces.
Bio-based polyhydroxyalkanoates blends and composites (2021)

Abstract Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) are linear semicrystalline polyesters produced naturally by a wide range of microorganisms for carbon and energy storage. PHAs can be used as replacements for petroleum-based polyethylene (PE) and polypropylene (PP) in many industrial applications due to their biodegradability, excellent barrier, mechanical, and thermal properties. The overall industrial applications of PHAs are still very limited due to the high production cost and high stiffness and brittleness. Therefore, new novel cost-effective production method must be considered for the new generation of PHAs. One approach is based on using different type feedstocks and biowastes including food byproducts and industrial and manufacturing wastes, can lead to more competitive and cost-effective PHAs products. Modification of PHAs with different function groups such as carboxylic, hydroxyl, amine, epoxy, etc. is also a relatively new approach to create new functional materials with different industrial applications. In addition, blending PHA with biodegradable materials such as polylactide (PLA), poly( ε -caprolactone) (PCL), starch, and distiller’s dried grains with solubles (DDGS) is another approach to address the drawbacks of PHAs and will be summarized in this chapter. A series of compatibilizers with different architectures were successfully synthesized and used to improve the compatibility and interfacial adhesion between PHAs and PCL. Finer morphology and significantly improvement in the mechanical properties of PHA/PCL blends were observed with a certain type of block compatibilizer. In addition, the improvement in the blend morphology and mechanical properties were found to be strongly influenced by the compatibilizer architecture.
Experimental tests of CPT symmetry and quantum mechanics at CPLEAR (1995)

We review a phenomenological parametrization of an open quantum-mechanical formalism for CPT violation in the neutral kaon system, and constrain the parameters using fits to recent CPLEAR data.