gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Adaptive Filtering and Change Detection (2001)

Adaptive filtering is a branch of digital signal processing which enables the selective enhancement of desired elements of a signal and the reduction of undesired elements. Change detection is another kind of adaptive filtering for non-stationary signals, and is the basic tool in fault detection and diagnosis. This text takes the unique approach that change detection is a natural extension of adaptive filtering, and the broad coverage encompasses both the mathematical tools needed for adaptive filtering and change detection and the applications of the technology. Real engineering applications covered include aircraft, automotive, communication systems, signal processing and automatic control problems. The unique integration of both theory and practical applications makes this book a valuable resource combining information otherwise only available in separate sources Comprehensive coverage includes many examples and case studies to illustrate the ideas and show what can be achieved Uniquely integrates applications to airborne, automotive and communications systems with the essential mathematical tools Accompanying Matlab toolbox available on the web illustrating the main ideas and enabling the reader to do simulations using all the figures and numerical examples featured This text would prove to be an essential reference for postgraduates and researchers studying digital signal processing as well as practising digital signal processing engineers.
Effect of an epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor on actin remodeling in anin vitrobladder cancer carcinogenesis model (2006)

Alteration of actin remodeling is a marker of malignant-associated field defect and a potential surrogate biomarker for chemoprevention trials. We tested erlotinib, a specific tyrosine kinase inhibitor of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), on actin remodeling in a bladder carcinogenic model consisting of untransformed HUC-PC cells and transformed MC-T11 cells, both derived from the same normal human urothelial clone immortalized by SV40. Erlotinib had a selective growth inhibitory and actin remodeling effect on MC-T11 cells over HUC-PC cells, as examined by the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay and immunofluorescence labeling with laser scan cytometer analysis, respectively. The IC(50) of untransformed HUC-PC cells was significantly higher than that of transformed MC-T11 cells (P < 0.05, t test). The actin remodeling effect was more prominent at lower dosage levels (1/8-1/4 of IC(50)), which was accompanied by an increased cell adhesion and decreased motility. At higher dosage levels (1/2 of IC(50)), erlotinib induced a decreased adhesion and anoikis (detachment-associated apoptosis). The transformed MC-T11, but not HUC-PC, showed a weak constitutive EGFR phosphorylation activity, which was inhibited by erlotinib in a dose-response manner. However, on epidermal growth factor stimulation, both cell lines showed a similar dose-response inhibitory effect on phosphorylated EGFR and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK; P44/P42) activities, and MAPK inhibitor PD98059 showed no specific effect on erlotinib-induced actin remodeling, suggesting that pathways other than MAPK (P44/P42) may be responsible for erlotinib-induced actin remodeling. The findings provide evidence to support erlotinib-based bladder cancer chemoprevention and using actin remodeling as a marker for erlotinib-based intervention trials.
A New Formulation Of The Activating Function For Estimation Of Neural Excitation Thresholds (2005)

We have developed an expanded form of the for neural excitation. This new form can be used to predict accurately axon excitation and thus avoid complex, time consuming calculations. The new function represents the NET driving source activating a particular node (sum of all sources contributing to the polarization of a single node). Common errors associated with the use of the traditional activating function are presented by a comparison between these two functions in a simple example.
GaAs Schottky Barrier Diodes for High Sensitivity Millimeter and Submillimeter Wavelength Receivers (1987)

Recent advances promise to increase the sensitivity of GaAs Schottky barrier mixer diodes for use in millimeter and submillimeter wavelength receivers. Noise properties of the diodes are now well understood, and numerical mixer anafysis techniques have been extended to incorporate the new noise models. These analyses can be used to investigate the performance of receivers throughout these wavelength ranges and at cryogenic operating tempatures. Important guidelines for diode development have been developed. Alternative diode structures, which can now be fabricated by new epitaxial growth techniques, also promise to yield higher sensitivities.
Energy Efficiency Aspects of the AMD Zen 2 Architecture (2021)

In High Performance Computing, systems are evaluated based on their computational throughput. However, performance in contemporary server processors is primarily limited by power and thermal constraints. Ensuring operation within a given power envelope requires a wide range of sophisticated control mechanisms. While some of these are handled transparently by hardware control loops, others are controlled by the operating system. A lack of publicly disclosed implementation details further complicates this topic. However, understanding these mechanisms is a prerequisite for any effort to exploit the full computing capability and to minimize the energy consumption of today’s server systems. This paper highlights the various energy efficiency aspects of the AMD Zen 2 microarchitecture to facilitate system understanding and optimization. Key findings include qualitative and quantitative descriptions regarding core frequency transition delays, workload-based frequency limitations, effects of I/O die P-states on memory performance as well as discussion on the built-in power monitoring capabilities and its limitations. Moreover, we present specifics and caveats of idle states, wakeup times as well as the impact of idling and inactive hardware threads and cores on the performance of active resources such as other cores.
Gadolinium toxicity and treatment (2020)

AbstractGadolinium based contrast agents (GBCAs) play an important role in the diagnostic evaluation of many patients. The safety of these agents has been once again questioned after gadolinium deposits were observed and measured in brain and bone of patients with normal renal function. This retention of gadolinium in the human body has been termed "gadolinium storage condition". The long-term and cumulative effects of retained gadolinium in the brain and elsewhere are not as yet understood. Recently, patients who report that they suffer from chronic symptoms secondary to gadolinium exposure and retention created gadolinium-toxicity on-line support groups. Their self-reported symptoms have recently been published. Bone and joint complaints, and skin changes were two of the most common complaints. This condition has been termed "gadolinium deposition disease". In this review we will address gadolinium toxicity disorders, from acute adverse reactions to GBCAs to gadolinium deposition disease, with special emphasis on the latter, as it is the most recently described and least known.
Data supporting ''Processing and Properties of Bar-shaped Single-seeded and Multi-seeded YBCO Bulk Superconductors by a Top Seeded Melt Growth Technique'' (2017)

Data supporting the publication. The enclosed data set contains raw data connected with magnetization measurements, trapped field properties and levitation data.
Arterial Pressure and Flow Wave Analysis Using Time-Domain 1-D Hemodynamics (2014)

We reviewed existing methods for analyzing, in the time domain, physical mechanisms underlying the patterns of blood pressure and flow waveforms in the arterial system. These are wave intensity analysis and separations into several types of waveforms: (i) forward- and backward-traveling, (ii) peripheral and conduit, or (iii) reservoir and excess. We assessed the physical information provided by each method and showed how to combine existing methods in order to quantify contributions to numerically generated waveforms from previous cardiac cycles and from specific regions and properties of the numerical domain: the aortic root, arterial bifurcations and tapered vessels, peripheral reflection sites, and the Windkessel function of the aorta. We illustrated our results with numerical examples involving generalized arterial stiffening in a distributed one-dimensional model or localized changes in the model parameters due to a femoral stenosis, carotid stent or abdominal aortic aneurysm.
Automated Firewall Rule Set Generation Through Passive Traffic Inspection. (2009)

Introducing rewalls and other choke point controls in existing networks is often problematic, because in the majority of cases there is already production tra c in place that cannot be interrupted. This often necessitates the time consuming manual analysis of network tra c in order to ensure that when a new system is installed, there is no disruption to legitimate ows. To improve upon this situation it is proposed that a system facilitating network tra c analysis and rewall rule set generation is developed. A high level overview of the implementation of the components of such a system is presented. The system makes use of a third party package, named Firewall Builder which provides rewall rule sets for a wide variety of rewalling solutions. Additions to the system are scoring metrics which may assist the administrator to optimise the rule sets for the most e cient matching of ows, based on tra c volume, frequency or packet count. KEY WORDS c anal-rewall, choke point control, automatic con guration, network tra
A 1.1-V current-mode and piecewise-linear curvature-corrected bandgap reference (1998)

A low-voltage, micropower, curvature-corrected bandgap reference is presented that is capable of working down to input voltages of 1.1 V in a relatively inexpensive process, MOSIS 2 /spl mu/m technology. This is a vanilla N-well complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor process technology with an added P-base layer. Second-order curvature correction for this reference is accomplished by a versatile piecewise-linear current-mode technique. The 0.595 V precision reference achieved a line regulation performance of 408 ppm/V for input voltages between 1.2 and 10 V. The circuit only used 14 /spl mu/A of quiescent current flow.
Thin Film Physical Sensor Instrumentation Research and Development at NASA Glenn Research Center (2006)

A range of thin film sensor technology has been demonstrated enabling measurement of multiple parameters either individually or in sensor arrays including temperature, strain, heat flux, and flow. Multiple techniques exist for refractory thin film fabrication, fabrication and integration on complex surfaces and multilayered thin film insulation. Leveraging expertise in thin films and high temperature materials, investigations for the applications of thin film ceramic sensors has begun. The current challenges of instrumentation technology are to further develop systems packaging and component testing of specialized sensors, further develop instrumentation techniques on complex surfaces, improve sensor durability, and to address needs for extreme temperature applications. The technology research and development ongoing at NASA Glenn for applications to future launch vehicles, space vehicles, and ground systems is outlined.
The Potential of Agglomerated Cork for Sandwich Structures: A Systematic Investigation of Physical, Thermal, and Mechanical Properties (2019)

Considering the major role played by sandwich structures in many fields where high stiffness-to-weight ratio is required, the selection of a suitable core material is of paramount importance. In order to face the environmental problems related to waste disposal, the selection of an eco-friendly core material is now included in the design criteria of sandwich structures. Agglomerated cork is recognized as a good solution that combines satisfactory mechanical performances and eco-sustainability. Many research studies individually addressed cork's morphological, thermal, and mechanical features without providing a comprehensive overview of the relationships that exist between them. In this work, the investigation of the peculiar cork morphology allowed learning more about its good insulation capacity and its impressive recovery capability. The use of dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) clarified the influence of temperature on both flexural and compressive performances. The effect of testing parameters such as temperature and speed on agglomerated cork properties was validated through statistical analysis. Moreover, to highlight agglomerated cork advantages and drawbacks, the work provides also a comparison with more traditional polyvinylchloride (PVC) foams commonly used in industrial applications.
Transient Modelling of Cavity Receiver Heat Transfer for the Compact Linear Fresnel Reflector (2003)

An investigation into unsteady flow patterns in the cavity receiver of the Compact Linear Fresnel Reflector was performed using computational methods. Results indicate that periodic or even chaotic flow patterns may occur for some conditions and cavity designs. However, the results indicate that unsteadiness in the flow structure does not result in significant variation in the over heat loss rate from the cavity.
Recent Advances in Integrated Photonic Sensors (2012)

Nowadays, optical devices and circuits are becoming fundamental components in several application fields such as medicine, biotechnology, automotive, aerospace, food quality control, chemistry, to name a few. In this context, we propose a complete review on integrated photonic sensors, with specific attention to materials, technologies, architectures and optical sensing principles. To this aim, sensing principles commonly used in optical detection are presented, focusing on sensor performance features such as sensitivity, selectivity and rangeability. Since photonic sensors provide substantial benefits regarding compatibility with CMOS technology and integration on chips characterized by micrometric footprints, design and optimization strategies of photonic devices are widely discussed for sensing applications. In addition, several numerical methods employed in photonic circuits and devices, simulations and design are presented, focusing on their advantages and drawbacks. Finally, recent developments in the field of photonic sensing are reviewed, considering advanced photonic sensor architectures based on linear and non-linear optical effects and to be employed in chemical/biochemical sensing, angular velocity and electric field detection.
Classification Based on Boolean Algebra and Its Application to the Prediction of Recurrence of Liver Cancer (2013)

Liver cancer has a high likelihood of recurrence despite complete surgical resection and is thus known as an intractable cancer. If postoperative recurrence of cancer is correctly predicted for each patient as a form of personalized medicine, effective treatment can be carried out. The purpose of this paper is to investigate prediction of recurrence of liver cancer by use of blood test data only in patients who underwent complete surgical resection of liver cancer. For this purpose, we propose a classifier based on Boolean algebra using a binary pattern consisting of a combination of clinical and genomic data by which we can predict recurrence of liver cancer. We perform a predictive experiment using data from patients with recurrence and non-recurrence and discuss the effectiveness of the proposed method from the experimental results.
Zero latency encryption with FPGAs for secure time-triggered automotive networks (2014)

Security has emerged as a key concern in increasingly complex embedded automotive networks. The distributed architecture and broadcast transmission characteristics mean they are vulnerable and provide little resistance to intrusive and non-intrusive attack mechanisms. Incorporating data security using traditional approaches introduces significant latency which can be problematic in the presence of real-time deadlines. We demonstrate how a security layer can be added within the network communication controller in modern time-triggered systems, without introducing additional latency or processing overheads. This allows critical communications to be secured in a manner that is transparent to the processors in the electronic control units (ECUs), while also safeguarding network communication properties.
Rapid Phase Retrieval using the Fast Fourier Transform - further developments (1996)

Our method of phase retrieval1 is based on the transport of intensity equation which relates the phase of a paraxial wavefield to the longitudinal intensity gradient, and is an extension of the method initially proposed by Teague2 which was later developed into the method of wavefront curvature sensing by Roddier3. Whilst conceptually simple, the problem to date with recovering phase data in real time using systems based on the transport of intensity equation has been that it is computationally intensive and sensitive to the effects of noise, both of which limit its usefulness in adaptive optics applications.
Abnormal Vessel Tortuosity as a Marker of Treatment Response of Malignant Gliomas: Preliminary Report (2020)

Despite multiple advances in medical imaging, noninvasive monitoring of therapeutic efficacy for malignant gliomas remains problematic. An underutilized observation is that malignancy induces characteristic abnormalities of vessel shape. These characteristic shape abnormalities affect both capillaries and much larger vessels in the tumor vicinity, involve larger vessels prior to sprout formation, and are generally not present in hypervascular benign tumors. Vessel shape abnormalities associated with malignancy thus may appear independently of increase in vessel density. We hypothesize that an automated, computerized analysis of vessel shape as defined from high-resolution MRA can provide valuable information about tumor activity during the treatment of malignant gliomas. This report describes vessel shape properties in 10 malignant gliomas prior to treatment, in 2 patients in remission during treatment, and in 2 patients with recurrent disease. One subject was scanned multiple times. The method involves an automated, statistical analysis of vessel shape within a region of interest for each tumor, normalized by the values obtained from the vessels within the same region of interest of 34 healthy subjects. Results indicate that untreated tumors display statistically significant vessel tortuosity abnormalities. These abnormalities involve vessels not only within the tumor margins as defined from MR but also vessels in the surrounding tissue. The abnormalities resolve during effective treatment and recur with tumor recurrence. We conclude that vessel shape analysis could provide an important means of assessing tumor activity.
Rapidly compacted coal logs for pipelines: Binder and pressure effects (1999)

The Capsule Pipeline Research Center (CPRC) at the University of Missouri-Columbia is devoted to performing research in capsule pipelines. Since its inception in 1991, the CPRC has focused on research related to the development and rapid commercialization of coal log pipeline technology. Coal log pipelines are freight pipelines that will transport compacted coal through a water filled pipeline. To fully develop this technology and make it ready for commercial use it is necessary to investigate means for fabricating coal logs. This paper describes research progress regarding the rapid compaction of coal logs for coal log pipeline transport; particularly, it examines the effect of binder concentration and compaction pressure on the performance of rapidly compacted coal logs. Previous research has demonstrated the ability to make laboratory scale coal logs with a 5-second compaction time. Gunnink and Li (1998) and Gunnink and Yang (1997) observed that for rapidly compacted coal logs an optimal moisture content exists. This optimal moisture content being the moisture content at which the coal log bulk density is maximum. Coal log circulation performance is best at moisture contents at or below this optimum. Also, if coal logs are compacted at or below this optimum the logs' circulation performancesmore » are independent of compaction time. This study examines the interrelated effects of binder concentration, compaction pressure, and compaction time on the circulation performance of coal logs. Test results show that circulation performance is largely independent of binder concentration for binder concentrations ranging from 1% to 3%. Test results also show that the effect of compaction pressure is a function of compaction time; there is a positive effect associated with increased compaction pressure for short compaction times, but there is little effect for longer compaction times. Finally, it was demonstrated that if the dry bulk densities of compacted coal logs were the same, then the circulation performance of the coal logs would be the same.« less
Clustering of Time-Series Data (2020)

The process of separating groups according to similarities of data is called “clustering.” There are two basic principles: (i) the similarity is the highest within a cluster and (ii) similarity between the clusters is the least. Time-series data are unlabeled data obtained from different periods of a process or from more than one process. These data can be gathered from many different areas that include engineering, science, business, finance, health care, government, and so on. Given the unlabeled time-series data, it usually results in the grouping of the series with similar characteristics. Time-series clustering methods are examined in three main sections: data representation, similarity measure, and clustering algorithm. The scope of this chapter includes the taxonomy of time-series data clustering and the clustering of gene expression data as a case study.
Traditional methodsv.new technologies – dilemmas for dietary assessment in large-scale nutrition surveys and studies: a report following an international panel discussion at the 9th International Conference on Diet and Activity Methods (ICDAM9), Brisbane, 3 September 2015 (2018)

The aim of the present paper is to summarise current and future applications of dietary assessment technologies in nutrition surveys in developed countries. It includes the discussion of key points and highlights of subsequent developments from a panel discussion to address strengths and weaknesses of traditional dietary assessment methods (food records, FFQ, 24 h recalls, diet history with interviewer-assisted data collection) <i>v.</i> new technology-based dietary assessment methods (web-based and mobile device applications). The panel discussion 'Traditional methods <i>v.</i> new technologies: dilemmas for dietary assessment in population surveys', was held at the 9th International Conference on Diet and Activity Methods (ICDAM9), Brisbane, September 2015. Despite respondent and researcher burden, traditional methods have been most commonly used in nutrition surveys. However, dietary assessment technologies offer potential advantages including faster data processing and better data quality. This is a fast-moving field and there is evidence of increasing demand for the use of new technologies amongst the general public and researchers. There is a need for research and investment to support efforts being made to facilitate the inclusion of new technologies for rapid, accurate and representative data.