gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Transforming growth factor‐β (2000)

This is the first time that several of the leading groups in the field have come together and prepared a substantial overview of one of the most important and most versatile cytokine superfamilies. The selected topics reflect sub-areas, in which recent progress has led to a more profound understanding of crucial roles of transforming growth factor-βs (TGF-βs) and their underlying molecular mechanisms. Peter ten Dijke’s group, now in Amsterdam, in collaboration with Carl Heldin’s group in Uppsala, has significantly increased our understanding of signaling cascades employed by TGF-β. Mart Saarma’s group in Helsinki has been instrumental in explaining functions of GDNF and its congeners by deciphering their receptors, particularly the lipid-anchored α co-receptors required for signaling in this TGF-β subfamily. Klaus Unsicker’s group, in a collaboration with Mike Sporn’s group at NIC/NIH, has made initial contributions to the localization of TGF-βs in the peripheral and central nervous system and has recently concentrated, in collaboration with Kerstin Kreiglstein, on TGF-βs as essential modulators of neurotrophic factor signaling. Uwe Ernsberger, in collaboration with the group of Hermann Rohrer, has helped to unravel roles of bone morphogenetic proteins in the induction of catecholaminergic properties in neural crest-derived cells during development. Kerstin Kreiglstein has made important contribution to functions of TGF-βs in relation to neuronal survival. Her review, together with Nicole Dünker, provides an important overview of TGF-β functions elucidated by targeted mutations of the TGF-β1, -β2, and -β3 genes.
Epigenetic programming underpins B cell dysfunction in human SLE (2019)

Abstract Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is characterized by the expansion of extrafollicular pathogenic B cells derived from newly activated naïve cells. Although these cells have distinct markers and phenotypes, their epigenetic architecture and how it contributes to SLE remains poorly understood. To establish if epigenetic mechanisms contributed to pathogenic B cell programming in SLE, we systematically determined the DNA methylation, chromatin accessibility and transcriptome landscape of human B cell subsets from SLE and healthy subjects. To comprehensively cover the B cell lineage, we isolated resting naïve, activated subsets, class-switched memory, plasmabasts, and a newly defined effector B cell subset. These data define a differentiation hierarchy between the subsets and elucidate the epigenetic and transcriptional differences between effector and memory B cells. Intriguingly, an SLE epigenetic signature was already established in resting naïve cells and persisted in more differentiated subsets. DNA methylation profiling revealed a set of CpG surrounding IFN response genes whose methylation status were highly predictive of disease activity. The AP-1 and EGR transcription factor networks were highly enriched in the SLE accessible chromatin and dysregulated genes. Together, these transcription factors acted in synergy with TBET to shape the epigenome of expanded SLE effector B cell subsets. These results provide insights into the epigenetic programming of human B cell subsets, identify loci that correlate with the expansion of distinct pathogenic B cell subsets, and suggest that early alterations in the epigenome may predispose B cells towards a disease fate.
Tunable Photoluminescence Including White‐Light Emission Based on Noncovalent Interaction‐Locked N,N′‐Disubstituted Dihydrodibenzo[a,c]phenazines (2018)

Abstract Utilizing supramolecular assembling system to achieve tunable photoluminescence emission has become an important method for the development of light‐emitting materials, which could bring out intriguing photophysical properties out of the luminophores themselves without a demanding design and tedious chemical synthesis. In the last few years, vibration‐induced emission (VIE) molecules, with dual photoluminescence emissions and large Stokes shift, have shown their talent in generating tunable fluorescence and potential in fabricating novel light‐emitting materials. However, little attention has been devoted to explore the attractive properties of VIE molecules in supramolecular self‐assembling systems up to now. Herein, the first example of a supramolecular assembling system composed of a water‐soluble VIE molecule N , N ′‐diphenyl‐dihydrodibenzo[ a , c ]phenazines derivative ( DPAC‐AB) and bis‐ p ‐sulfonatocalix[4]arene ( BSC4 ) is introduced. Based on noncovalent interactions including hydrophobic interaction and host–guest interaction between DPAC‐AB and BSC4 , tunable fluorescence emissions from orange‐red to white (Commission Internationale de L'éclairage (CIE) coordinates (0.32, 0.37)) to blue are achieved by simple addition of different amounts of BSC4 to the solution of DPAC‐AB . Additionally, a competitive guest acetylcholine is utilized to recover the nearly orange‐red fluorescence emission. This strategy to efficiently control the emission of VIE molecules through supramolecular assembling based on reversible noncovalent interactions opens new avenues in developing tunable light‐emitting materials.
Physics-based TCAD analysis of Border and Interface traps in Al2O3/InGaAs stacks using Multifrequency CV-curves (2018)

In this paper, we analyze the multi-frequency C-V curves of In0.53Ga0.47As MOSCAPs by employing physics-based TCAD simulations including both border and interface traps. The calculations reproduce the experimental inversion and accumulation capacitance, and the general trend of the depletion capacitance. A study of the influence of the quantization model on the extraction of the trap distribution is also carried out.
Implementation of CYP2D6-guided opioid therapy at Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center (2023)

The implementation of pharmacogenetic testing to inform opioid prescribing for children has evolved with accumulating evidence and guidelines, requiring changes in reporting of results and recommendations.
Flow patterns in quasi-static deformation of dry granular materials (2015)

We present an experimental and numerical study of the flow fields in slow deformation of a granular ensemble, composed of hard spherical, monodisperse particles. The model system is that of indentation by a flat punch under approximately plane-strain conditions. In the experiments, the region around the punch is imaged in-situ using a high speed imaging system. Flow parameters such as spatial velocity and strain are characterized using a hybrid image analysis technique. The deformation field shows various interesting features that resemble the deformation fields in the indentation of both metals and fluids. The formation of a stagnant zone right under the punch is strikingly similar to the slipline field solution for plane-strain punch indentation in plastically deforming metals. Also, regions of highly rotational flow are observed in the vicinity of the punch, resembling vortices and recirculation zones past sharp corners in fluid flow. These features illustrate the complex microscopic mechanisms underlying the deformation of granular materials, which precludes precise analysis using simple continuum constitutive laws. To better understand the microscopic mechanisms, we present numerical simulations of punch indentation using the discrete particle non-smooth contact dynamics method. By modelling the particles as perfect rigid bodies with simple Coulomb friction, it is seen that the experimental flow patterns are reproduced semi-quantitatively. The full 3D displacement field confirms the existence of local regions of non-zero vorticity and the formation of a stagnation zone under the punch. This simple model problem perhaps illustrates the difficulty involved in formulating a micromechanical description of the deformation, based on the connectivity of the grain network.
Conclusion (2008)

This collection of personal histories has sketched the story of how a vibrant community of nearly 140,000 in the years before the mass exodus with a 2,500-year history in Babylonia lived, struggled against oppression, and finally left, most with almost nothing. At Iraq's birth in the 1920s, the country's Jews helped build the foundations of Iraqi society. They made music, treated the sick, taught in universities, published newspapers, participated in the civilian government, and traded goods. Some ventured to the Far East where they made fortunes and established schools, hospitals, and jobs.
Microstructure of cation exchange membranes prepared by the paste method (1980)

The microstructure of a cation-exchange membrane (Neosepta CL-25T) prepared by the paste method was investigated by microscopic examination, x-ray microanalysis, scanning electron microscopic observation, and determination of pore size distribution of the porous membrane obtained by selective decomposition of the cation-exchange resin component (R-resin) of the membrane. Both the cloth part and the other part were characterized by uniform distributions of the colloidal R-resin (under 0.1 μm) in poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC). This structural feature made it possible to understand comprehensively the properties of the cation exchange membranes prepared by the paste method. The mechanism of the formation of such microheterogeneity is explained in terms of the microphase separation of the styrene (St)–divinylbenzene (DVB) copolymer from PVC during polymerization.
A Randomized Power Management Protocol with Dynamic Listen Interval for Wireless Ad Hoc Networks (2006)

In IEEE 802.11 wireless ad hoc networks, the listen interval of a power-saving (PS) station should be fixed at one even there is no data traffic or its remaining battery power is low. However, if the listen interval is allowed more than two beacon intervals, 802.11 power management may completely fail. Hence we propose a new novel randomized power management (RPM), which not only equips the PS stations with dynamic listen interval adjustment ability, but also eliminates the following problems: (i) the possibly forever loss of ATIM frames, (ii) the needless waste of ATIM frames, and (iii) neighbor maintenance problem. Above all, RPM can offer the network designers full flexibility in trading energy, latency, and neighbor discovery probability versus each other by appropriately tuning system parameters. The primary numerical results show that, as compared with 802.11, RPM earns a significant reduction in power consumption at the expense of only a little additional delay.
Melanin Biosynthesis Inhibitors from the Bark of Machilus thunbergii (2003)

The bioassay-guided fractionation of the methylene chloride soluble portion of a methanol extract of Machilus thunbergii bark led to the isolation of four known lignans, machilin A (1), meso-monomethyl dihydroguaiaretic acid (2), nectandrin A (3) and nectandrin B (4), which exhibited potent inhibitory activity on melanin biosynthesis in cultured B-16 mouse melanoma cells (IC(50): 39.9, 15.1, 19.4 and 37.8 microM, respectively).
C3F2-DMAC: Clustered Contention and Contention Free Fully Decentralized MAC for The 3M Environment: real-time Multimedia, Multi-hop, and Mobile (2006)

In this paper we describe a novel medium access control (MAC) solution for establishing a wireless LAN capable of supporting contention and contention free access on the same channel for use in mobile ad-hoc networks (MANET). This new MAC protocol is fully decentralized and allows any number of mobile stations to share a common wireless channel and collaborate in managing its resources. These stations will partition the channel bandwidth into non contiguous contention free periods (CFP) and contention periods (CP). Each CFP is assigned exclusively for one station to transmit data to other stations within range. Each CFP will occur at fixed periodic interval and transmission during CFP will not be preceded by random back-off period. Stations may contend to transmit data using CSMA/CA method during any CP. The stations will self-organize into clusters and will employ distributed algorithms to share the channel capacity in temporal and spatial dimensions to avoid interference and collisions. This clustered contention and contention free fully decentralized MAC (C <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> F <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> -DMAC) protocol allows mobile stations managing the channel to efficiently establish a common time reference and maintain common state information regarding current allocation of channel resources in terms of duration and timing of each CFP and its assignment to a mobile station
Vitamin D3, its receptor and regulation of epidermal keratin gene expression. (1992)

Among extrinsic modulators of keratinization are certain hormones and vitamins, which makes them potentially important pharmacological tools for treatment of keratinization disorders. Vitamin D3 and vitamin A, and their metabolites, promote and inhibit keratinization, respectively. We have shown that retinoic acid, via its nuclear receptor, directly suppresses the expression of the keratin genes which are markers of keratinocyte differentiation. Here we present evidence that 1,25(OH)2 vitamin D3 and its nuclear receptor do not directly regulate keratin gene expression. Co-transfection of a vector expressing the nuclear receptor for vitamin D3 with responder DNA constructs containing keratin gene promoters had no effect on the level of activity of keratin gene promoters either in the presence or in the absence of vitamin D3. We conclude that vitamin D3, unlike retinoic acid, modifies keratin synthesis indirectly, by changing the differentiation phenotype of the keratinocyte.
Keratinocyte serum-free medium maintains long-term liver gene expression and function in cultured rat hepatocytes by preventing the loss of liver-enriched transcription factors (2006)

Freshly isolated hepatocytes rapidly lose their differentiated properties when placed in culture. Therefore, production of a simple culture system for maintaining the phenotype of hepatocytes in culture would greatly facilitate their study. Our aim was to identify conditions that could maintain the differentiated properties of hepatocytes for up to 28 days of culture. Adult rat hepatocytes were isolated and attached in Williams' medium E containing 10% serum. The medium was changed to either fresh Williams' medium E or keratinocyte serum-free medium supplemented with dexamethasone, epidermal growth factor and pituitary gland extract. The hepatic phenotype was then analysed using RT-PCR, immunohistochemistry, Western blotting and assays of liver function. Cells cultured in keratinocyte serum-free medium supplemented with dexamethasone, epidermal growth factor and pituitary gland extract maintained their phenotype for 3-4 weeks, based on expression of liver proteins, ureagenesis and response to xenobiotics. In contrast, hepatocytes cultured in Williams' medium E rapidly lost the expression of liver proteins after 3 days. Cells cultured in keratinocyte serum-free medium supplemented with dexamethasone, epidermal growth factor and pituitary gland extract maintained their expression of liver-enriched transcription factors (C/EBPalpha and beta, HNF4alpha and RXRalpha) while expression was either lost or reduced in cells cultured in Williams' medium E. These results suggest that keratinocyte serum-free medium supplemented with dexamethasone, epidermal growth factor and pituitary gland extract can maintain the hepatic phenotype for a prolonged period and that this is probably related to the continued expression of the liver-enriched transcription factors.
Progressive increase in mtDNA 3243A>G heteroplasmy causes abrupt transcriptional reprogramming (2014)

Variation in the intracellular percentage of normal and mutant mitochondrial DNAs (mtDNA) (heteroplasmy) can be associated with phenotypic heterogeneity in mtDNA diseases. Individuals that inherit the common disease-causing mtDNA tRNA(Leu(UUR)) 3243A>G mutation and harbor ∼10-30% 3243G mutant mtDNAs manifest diabetes and occasionally autism; individuals with ∼50-90% mutant mtDNAs manifest encephalomyopathies; and individuals with ∼90-100% mutant mtDNAs face perinatal lethality. To determine the basis of these abrupt phenotypic changes, we generated somatic cell cybrids harboring increasing levels of the 3243G mutant and analyzed the associated cellular phenotypes and nuclear DNA (nDNA) and mtDNA transcriptional profiles by RNA sequencing. Small increases in mutant mtDNAs caused relatively modest defects in oxidative capacity but resulted in sharp transitions in cellular phenotype and gene expression. Cybrids harboring 20-30% 3243G mtDNAs had reduced mtDNA mRNA levels, rounded mitochondria, and small cell size. Cybrids with 50-90% 3243G mtDNAs manifest induction of glycolytic genes, mitochondrial elongation, increased mtDNA mRNA levels, and alterations in expression of signal transduction, epigenomic regulatory, and neurodegenerative disease-associated genes. Finally, cybrids with 100% 3243G experienced reduced mtDNA transcripts, rounded mitochondria, and concomitant changes in nuclear gene expression. Thus, striking phase changes occurred in nDNA and mtDNA gene expression in response to the modest changes of the mtDNA 3243G mutant levels. Hence, a major factor in the phenotypic variation in heteroplasmic mtDNA mutations is the limited number of states that the nucleus can acquire in response to progressive changes in mitochondrial retrograde signaling.
Fluctuated peer selection policy and its performance in large-scale multi-agent systems (2010)

This paper describes how, in large-scale multi-agent systems, each agent's adaptive selection of peer agents for collaborative tasks affects the overall performance and how this performance varies with the workload of the system and with fluctuations
Inverse control of systems with hysteresis and creep (2001)

Since the beginning of the 1990s, hysteresis operators have been employed on a larger scale for the linearisation of hysteretic transducers. One reason for this is the increasing number of mechatronic applications that use solid-state actuators based on magnetostrictive or piezo-electric material or shape memory alloys. All of these actuator types show strong hysteretic effects. In addition to hysteresis, piezo-electric actuators show strong creep effects. Thus, the objective of the paper is to enlarge the operator-based methodology of hysteresis operators by elements that allow the description of systems with hysteresis and creep. To reach this objective, following the procedure used for hysteretic systems, creep operators are introduced to form, together with the hysteresis operators, a system operator for the simultaneous consideration of both phenomena. With regard to applications in control and measurement technology, the existence, uniqueness, Lipschitz continuity and thus input–output stability of its inverse operator are theoretically supported by functional analytical methods. Subsequently, the efficiency of this new concept is demonstrated, in practice, by a real-time inverse feedforward controller for piezo-electric actuators. Using this control concept, the tracking errors caused by hysteretic and creep effects are reduced by approximately one order of magnitude.
Orthotopic liver transplantation in man. (1969)

In the interval since a trial of orthotopic liver transplantation was resumed at the University of Colorado, an attempt has been made to treat 14 patients. The most important conclusion that has emerged from this experience is that survival for at least 13 months can be obtained in humans. However, the present communication will focus attention upon several special problems of orthotopic liver transplantation including the high incidence of vascular thrombosis that has been encountered, the necessity for retransplantation in some cases if life is to continue, some miscellaneous technical complications, the development of metastases in patients whose original disease was hepatoma, and the occurrence and character of indolent late rejection.
Cummins electronic controls for heavy duty diesel engines (2003)

Heavy-duty diesel engines with the PACE limited-authority electronic control are on the road in some quantity, while Cummins is also introducing the Electronically Controlled Injection full-authority system on its engines. The authors describe these engine controls and show how a family of products concept is resulting in a smooth introduction of this technology into the heavy-duty diesel-powered industries. In particular, the Cummins family of products caters to the broad range of differences among end users in their familiarity with the readiness to accept electronics technology by minimizing possible operating risks that otherwise might occur during the introductory transient.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Rayox® — A Second Generation Enhanced Oxidation Process for Process and Groundwater Remediation (1992)

Abstract The Rayox® water decontamination system represents a second generation enhanced (advanced) oxidation water remediation technology. Several key features of the Rayox® system give it substantial performance advantages over previous embodiments of enhanced oxidation technology. These features are discussed along with their impact upon system performance. Results from several case studies on groundwater treatment demonstrate Rayox®’s powerful and versatile capability to destroy a variety of pollutants, including refractory compounds such as carbon tetrachloride, di- and trichloroethane, etc. in water to virtually any required discharge level.
Substrate characteristic analysis for anaerobic digestion: A study on rice and triticale straw (2012)

Different substrate characteristic analyses have been studied on rice and triticale straw pretreated with NMMO (N-methylmorpholine-N-oxide) prior to biogas production. Simons’ stain, water retention value (WRV), and enzymatic adsorption were used to measure the change in the accessible surface area of the lignocellulosic substrates. FTIR was used to measure the change in cellulosic crystallinity and Time-of-Flight-Secondary-Ion-Spectroscopy (ToF-SIMS) to measure the ratio of cellulose to lignin on the sample surface. All methods showed increased accessible surface area and a decrease in crystallinity after the pretreatments. These qualities were linked to improved biogas production. In the future, the tested methods could replace the time-consuming methane potential analysis to predict the methane production of lignocellulosic materials. Simons’ stain, enzymatic adsorption, and crystallinity measurement by FTIR can be regarded as the recommended methods for the prediction of the improved biogas production as a result of the pretreatment.
Roomers magazine outreach project (2005)

Roomers Magazine is a small scale community project that enables people who live in rooming houses, private hotels, and supported housing to develop their interest and skills in writing, and to publish their work.
Micro Bank System based on mainframe (2009)

This paper designs and implements a MBS (Micro Bank System) based on IBM Z900 to fit the rapid development of small bank business. First, the meaning of implementing MBS is analyzed. Then the details of three layers architecture are described. Then the details of designing the Micro Bank System's several sub-systems are described. The designation of MBS provides a convenient way to expand bank sub-system. Finally, the result of stress test of MBS was shown by compare with different number of accounts in database.
ChemInform Abstract: (ARENE)CHROMIUM TRICARBONYL COMPLEXES IN ORGANIC SYNTHESIS: STEREOSELECTIVE SYNTHESIS OF CIS‐ AND TRANS‐7‐HYDROXYCALAMENENES (1984)

Abstract Aus dem bekannten Arylcarbonsäureester (I) entsteht der Chromcarbonyl‐Komplex (IIa), der nach Hydrolyse zur freien Säure (IIb) über das Säurechlorid zu den isomeren Ketonen (III) und (IV) cyclisiert wird.