gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Voltage-gated Potassium Channel Inhibitors (1996)

Forty years have transpired since tetraethylammonium was first used to selectively inhibit the potassiuin conductance in squid axons. Since then, a large body of work has emerged describing inhibitors of voltage-gated potassium currents in a variety of cells. The advent of molecular cloning techniques and the cloning of the potassium channel encoded by the Shaker locus in Drosophila has enabled detailed structure­ function studies of several potassium channel subunits. These breakthroughs have also recently enabled studies of the "toxinology" and pharmacology of specific potassium channel subunits expressed heterologously in Xenopus oocytes and other cells. Here we describe the results of some of those efforts, focusing in particular on our work with four members of the Shaker subfamily of potassium channel a-subunits: Kvl.1 through Kvl.4. These subunits are expressed in the central nervous system and other tissues of rodents, and are highly homologous to corresponding subunits expressed in humans. We provide a profile of potency and selectivity for.five snake dendrotoxins as well as several scorpion toxins for these potassium channel subunits expressed in Xenopus oocytes. We also provide similar data for four other peptide toxins and several nonpeptide compounds that had previously been shown to inhibit potassium currents. We discuss several potential clinical applications of potassium channel inhibitors, including demyelinating diseases such as multiple sclerosis, immunosuppression, cardiac arrhythmias, neurodegenerative and psychiatric diseases. Further progress will require, among other things, a greater understanding of the expression patterns of potassium channel subunits in the CNS and elsewhere as well as knowledge of the specific subunit composition of heteromultimeric channels.
P.156L: Late‐News Poster : Real‐time Dynamic Color Holographic Display using a Super Fast‐response Liquid Crystal Thin Film (2013)

Abstract Real‐time dynamic color holographic display is demonstrated in a liquid crystal film with holographic response time in order of a millisecond without any applied electric field. Color holographic display video is achieved. Our work shows that the film is suitable for a large‐size, real‐time dynamic, and color holographic three‐dimensional display.
Controversial Chromium (1996)

Although chromium does not possess all the amazing attributes given to it by the supplement industry, substantial evidence exists suggesting that many individuals would benefit from an increased intake of chromium.
Homonuclear Decoupling in 1H NMR of Solids by Remote Correlation (2020)

Abstract The typical linewidths of 1 H NMR spectra of powdered organic solids at 111 kHz magic‐angle spinning (MAS) are of the order of a few hundred Hz. While this is remarkable in comparison to the tens of kHz observed in spectra of static samples, it is still the key limit to the use of 1 H in solid‐state NMR, especially for complex systems. Here, we demonstrate a novel strategy to further improve the spectral resolution. We show that the anti‐z‐COSY experiment can be used to reduce the residual line broadening of 1 H NMR spectra of powdered organic solids. Results obtained with the anti‐z‐COSY sequence at 100 kHz MAS on thymol, β‐AspAla, and strychnine show an improvement in resolution of up to a factor of two compared to conventional spectra acquired at the same spinning rate.
Lack of association between adolescent idiopathic scoliosis and previously reported single nucleotide polymorphisms in MATN1, MTNR1B, TPH1, and IGF1 in a Japanese population (2011)

Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) is a spinal deformity most commonly arising in apparently healthy girls around puberty. AIS has a strong genetic predisposition. Several genetic associations between AIS and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) have been reported; common SNPs in the genes for matrilin 1 (MATN1), melatonin receptor 1B (MTNR1B), tryptophan hydroxylase 1 (TPH1), and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) are reported to be associated with AIS in Chinese. However, these associations have not been replicated so far. To confirm the associations, we compared these SNPs with AIS predisposition and curve severity in a population of Japanese females consisting of 798 AIS patients and 1,239 controls. All the subjects were genotyped using the PCR-based Invader assay. We found no association of any of the SNPs with AIS predisposition or curve severity. Considering the statistical power and sample size of the present study, we concluded that these SNPs are not associated with either AIS predisposition or curve severity in Japanese.
Rejuvenated Photodynamic Therapy for Bacterial Infections (2019)

The emergence of multidrug resistant bacterial strains has hastened the exploration of advanced microbicides and antibacterial techniques. Photodynamic antibacterial therapy (PDAT), an old-fashioned technique, has been rejuvenated to combat "superbugs" and biofilm-associated infections owing to its excellent characteristics of noninvasiveness and broad antibacterial spectrum. More importantly, bacteria are less likely to produce drug resistance to PDAT because it does not require specific targeting interaction between photosensitizers (PSs) and bacteria. This review mainly focuses on recent developments and future prospects of PDAT. The mechanisms of PDAT against bacteria and biofilms are briefly introduced. In addition to classical macrocyclic PSs, several innovative PSs, including non-self-quenching PSs, conjugated polymer-based PSs, and nano-PSs, are summarized in detail. Numerous multifunctional PDAT systems such as in situ light-activated PDAT, stimuli-responsive PDAT, oxygen self-enriching enhanced PDAT, and PDAT-based multimodal therapy are highlighted to overcome the inherent defects of PDAT in vivo (e.g., limited penetration depth of light and hypoxic environment of infectious sites).
Context dependent modeling of phones in continuous speech using decision trees (1991)

In a continuous speech recognition system it is important to model the context dependent variations in the pronunciations of words. In this paper we present an automatic method for modeling phonological variation using decision trees. For each phone we construct a decision tree that specifies the acoustic realization of the phone as a function of the context in which it appears. Several thousand sentences from a natural language corpus spoken by several talkers are used to construct these decision trees. Experimental results on a 5000-word vocabulary natural language speech recognition task are presented.
Diversity of Active States in TMT Opsins (2015)

Opn3/TMT opsins belong to one of the opsin groups with vertebrate visual and non-visual opsins, and are widely distributed in eyes, brains and other internal organs in various vertebrates and invertebrates. Vertebrate Opn3/TMT opsins are further classified into four groups on the basis of their amino acid identities. However, there is limited information about molecular properties of these groups, due to the difficulty in preparing the recombinant proteins. Here, we successfully expressed recombinant proteins of TMT1 and TMT2 opsins of medaka fish (Oryzias latipes) in cultured cells and characterized their molecular properties. Spectroscopic and biochemical studies demonstrated that TMT1 and TMT2 opsins functioned as blue light-sensitive Gi/Go-coupled receptors, but exhibited spectral properties and photo-convertibility of the active state different from each other. TMT1 opsin forms a visible light-absorbing active state containing all-trans-retinal, which can be photo-converted to 7-cis- and 9-cis-retinal states in addition to the original 11-cis-retinal state. In contrast, the active state of TMT2 opsin is a UV light-absorbing state having all-trans-retinal and does not photo-convert to any other state, including the original 11-cis-retinal state. Thus, TMT opsins are diversified so as to form a different type of active state, which may be responsible for their different functions.
Inherited Brugada and Long QT-3 Syndrome Mutations of a Single Residue of the Cardiac Sodium Channel Confer Distinct Channel and Clinical Phenotypes (2001)

Defects of the SCN5A gene encoding the cardiac sodium channel alpha-subunit are associated with both the long QT-3 (LQT-3) subtype of long-QT syndrome and Brugada syndrome (BrS). One previously described SCN5A mutation (1795insD) in the C terminus results in a clinical phenotype combining QT prolongation and ST segment elevation, indicating a close interrelationship between the two disorders. Here we provide additional evidence that these two disorders are closely related. We report the analysis of two novel mutations on the same codon, Y1795C (LQT-3) and Y1795H (BrS), expressed in HEK 293 cells and characterized using whole-cell patch clamp procedures. We find marked and opposing effects on channel gating consistent with activity associated with the cellular basis of each clinical disorder. Y1795H speeds and Y1795C slows the onset of inactivation. The Y1795H, but not the Y1795C, mutation causes a marked negative shift in the voltage dependence of inactivation, and neither mutation affects the kinetics of the recovery from inactivation. Interestingly, both mutations increase the expression of sustained Na+ channel activity compared with wild type (WT) channels, although this effect is most pronounced for the Y1795C mutation, and both mutations promote entrance into an intermediate or a slowly developing inactivated state. These data confirm the key role of the C-terminal tail of the cardiac Na+ channel in the control of channel gating, illustrate how subtle changes in channel biophysics can have significant and distinct effects in human disease, and, additionally, provide further evidence of the close interrelationship between BrS and LQT-3 at the molecular level.
Integrative analysis of cancer genomic data (2010)

In the past decade, we have witnessed a period of unparallel development in the field of cancer genomics. To address the same or similar biomedical questions, multiple cancer genomic studies have been independently designed and conducted. Cancer gene signatures identified from analysis of individual datasets often have low reproducibility. A cost-effective way of improving reproducibility is to conduct integrative analysis of datasets from multiple studies with comparable designs. To properly integrate multiple studies and conduct integrative analysis, we need to access various public data warehouses, retrieve experiment protocols and raw data, evaluate individual studies and select those with comparable designs, and develop novel statistical methods that can naturally accommodate the heterogeneity among studies and can identify genes with consistent effects across multiple studies. In this article, we discuss new developments and challenges associated with integration and integrative analysis of cancer genomic data. Special attentions are paid to newly developed statistical methods for genomic marker selection in integrative analysis.
Investigating the Energy Consumption of an IEEE 802.11 Network Interface (1999)

This report describes a series of simple experiments which measure the per-packet energy consumption of an IEEE 802.11 wireless network interface. The goal of this work is to develop a solid experimental basis for assumptions that can (or cannot) be made in the design and analysis of network protocols operating in the ad hoc wireless environment. Keywords: wireless network interface, IEEE 802.11, energy consumption, energy-aware network protocols, ad hoc networks, measurement 1 Motivation Energy consumption at the network interface is an issue for all mobile computing devices, whether they operate within a base-station infrastructure or in a free-standing mobile ad hoc network (manet). In a wireless ad hoc network, a host communicates directly with hosts within wireless range and indirectly with all other hosts using a dynamically-computed, multi-hop route via the other hosts of the manet. There has been a great deal of interest in the design and analysis of network protocols for t...
Blood Pressure Dipping and Sleep Disturbance in African-American and Caucasian Men and Women (2008)

Findings are consistent with the hypothesis that elevated night time/daytime pressure may be a consequence of poor sleep.
Fred: an architecture for a self-timed decoupled computer (2002)

Decoupled computer architectures provide an effective means of exploiting instruction level parallelism. Self-timed micropipeline systems are inherently decoupled due to the elastic nature of the basic FIFO structure, and may be ideally suited for constructing decoupled computer architectures. Fred is a self-timed decoupled, pipelined computer architecture based on micropipelines. We present the architecture of Fred, with specific details on a micropipelined implementation that includes support for multiple functional units and out-of-order instruction completion due to the self-timed decoupling.
SHORT NOTICES (1985)

SHORT NOTICES Get access Gerorge Eliot. A Centenary Tribute. Ed. G. S. HAIGHT and R. T. VANARSDEL Pp. x+174. London and Basinstoke: Macmillan, 1982. £17 50 net. BARBARA HARDY BARBARA HARDY Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The Review of English Studies, Volume XXXVI, Issue 141, February 1985, Pages 143-b–144, https://doi.org/10.1093/res/XXXVI.141.143-b Published: 01 February 1985
Cell Walls and the Convergent Evolution of the Viral Envelope (2015)

Why some viruses are enveloped while others lack an outer lipid bilayer is a major question in viral evolution but one that has received relatively little attention. The viral envelope serves several functions, including protecting the RNA or DNA molecule(s), evading recognition by the immune system, and facilitating virus entry. Despite these commonalities, viral envelopes come in a wide variety of shapes and configurations. The evolution of the viral envelope is made more puzzling by the fact that nonenveloped viruses are able to infect a diverse range of hosts across the tree of life. We reviewed the entry, transmission, and exit pathways of all (101) viral families on the 2013 International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) list. By doing this, we revealed a strong association between the lack of a viral envelope and the presence of a cell wall in the hosts these viruses infect. We were able to propose a new hypothesis for the existence of enveloped and nonenveloped viruses, in which the latter represent an adaptation to cells surrounded by a cell wall, while the former are an adaptation to animal cells where cell walls are absent. In particular, cell walls inhibit viral entry and exit, as well as viral transport within an organism, all of which are critical waypoints for successful infection and spread. Finally, we discuss how this new model for the origin of the viral envelope impacts our overall understanding of virus evolution.
ECONOMICAL AND SOCIAL IMPACTS OF TOURISM SEASONALITY- AN APPLIED STUDY ON SHARM EL-SHEIKH (2018)

Seasonality is a concept that is well studied and documented in the tourism literature. Seasonality causes the fluctuation in tourist and visitor numbers to a destination. Sharm El-Sheikh is distinguished with its dramatic landscape, it contains a variety in the marine life species and lots of companies have been attracted to invest in Sharm. This paper aims to identify the economical, environmental and sociocultural effects of tourism seasonality in Sharm el-Sheikh, also it aims to suggest techniques to overcome seasonality or reduce its impacts. To achieve these objects, two types of questionnaire have been used as follow: sales manager questionnaire and tourism workers questionnaire. They have been distributed to 90 hotels in Sharm EL-Sheikh. The results of the research indicated that the negative impacts of tourism seasonality exceeded the positive impacts and the Russian Airplane crash was the most impulsive incident on tourism in Sharm El-Sheikh and the sample study gave lots of recommendations and techniques to overcome seasonality.
Amphiphilic Block Copolymers for Flocculation and Hydrophobization of Legacy Waste Suspensions in Flotation Driven Dewatering Operations (2020)

Flotation has been effectively demonstrated as a low footprint, high efficiency separation process when utilising simple anionic surface modifying agents such as sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS). These agents increase hydrophobicity to remove suspended cationic surface charged particulates such as Mg(OH)2 from waste suspensions similar to those at British nuclear fuel management sites- where corrosion processes have degraded fuel cladding. The technology is advantageous as it could effectively be retrofitted into existing waste management facilities at nuclear waste management sites such Sellafield and Hanford as the simplicity (no moving parts) and size of this technology coupled with low cost of construction could be rapidly deployed to aid in risk and hazard reduction decommissioning operations with minimum impact to secondary waste generation. Previously, sodium dodecyl sulphate has been deployed as a collector agent to increase the hydrophobicity of Mg(OH)2 suspended particles, achieving a maximum particulate extraction percentage of 93%. To achieve further particulate extraction, flotation performance has been determined to be a function of the hydrodynamic limitations extracting fine material (&gt;20 μm). Fine particulates have been shown in the minerals industry to have an inability to overcome slipstreams created from rising bubbles in flotation cells, likely due to the low mass and thus momentum of the colloidal material, preventing interaction between the hydrophobized particles and air-water interfaces (bubbles). To combat this mass transfer resistance poly(acrylic acid)-block-poly(nbutyl acrylate) amphiphilic diblock copolymers were synthesised via reversible addition-fragmentation chain-transfer (RAFT) polymerisation. The anticipated mode of action of these polymers involves the hydrophilic poly(acrylic acid) block polymer acting as a flocculation agent to increase the mass of the aggregates, and the hydrophobic poly(n-butyl acrylate) modifies the hydrophobicity of the resulting flocs. The concentration of this polymer (termed a macro-collector) was varied and the change in particle size distribution of the particulate suspension was analysed using static light scattering. The flotation performance was then characterised by several methods including percentage particulate recovery, volume reduction factor and residual bulk particulate concentration. This was then benchmarked against the traditional surfactant collector agent SDS.
Guidelines on Aortic Disease Management (2020)

Keywords abdominal aortic aneurysm, cardiovascular societies, endovascular aneurysm repair, guidance document, National Institute for Health and Care Excellence, practice guidelines
Spectroscopic mapping with coherent IR and Raman microscopy (Conference Presentation) (2018)

In coherent Raman scattering microscopy, the sample is examined through the Raman-active modes. Although many molecular modes display a nonzero Raman cross-section, some modes are intrinsically weak and are better viewed through their dipole-allowed (IR-active) transition. A more complete spectroscopic assessment of the sample would thus include a mechanism to prove both Raman and IR-active modes. In this contribution, we combine coherent Raman microscopy with second- and third-order sum-frequency generation microscopy, providing sensitivity to all optically accessible vibrational modes. All techniques can be carried out on the same laser-scanning imaging platform, generating images at fast acquisition rates and with high spatial resolution. We show examples where the combination of these techniques reveal new information about the tissue.
Electromigration testing on via line structures with fast wafer level tests in comparison to standard package level tests (2001)

Experimental results show a good correlation between fast wafer level tests (WL) and conventional standard package level (PL) tests on via-line structures. Failure analysis show the same failure mechanism and no differences in the shape factor of the failure distributions. Similar t/sub 50N/ values are obtained, after extrapolating the data to operation conditions. As a consequence fast wafer level tests can not only be used for monitoring but also to quantify the reliability of metallization, if suitable stress conditions are used.
Systematic testing of the continuous behavior of automotive systems (2006)

In this paper, we introduce a new test method that enables the systematic definition of executable test cases for testing the continuous behavior of automotive embedded systems. This method is based on a graphical notation for test cases that is not only easy to understand but also powerful enough to express very complex, fully automated tests as well as reactive tests. This new approach is already in use in several production-vehicle development projects at DaimlerChrysler and at some suppliers.
Virtual machine power metering and provisioning (2010)

Virtualization is often used in cloud computing platforms for its several advantages in efficiently managing resources. However, virtualization raises certain additional challenges, and one of them is lack of power metering for virtual machines (VMs). Power management requirements in modern data centers have led to most new servers providing power usage measurement in hardware and alternate solutions exist for older servers using circuit and outlet level measurements. However, VM power cannot be measured purely in hardware. We present a solution for VM power metering, named Joulemeter. We build power models to infer power consumption from resource usage at runtime and identify the challenges that arise when applying such models for VM power metering. We show how existing instrumentation in server hardware and hypervisors can be used to build the required power models on real platforms with low error. Our approach is designed to operate with extremely low runtime overhead while providing practically useful accuracy. We illustrate the use of the proposed metering capability for VM power capping, a technique to reduce power provisioning costs in data centers. Experiments are performed on server traces from several thousand production servers, hosting Microsoft's real-world applications such as Windows Live Messenger. The results show that not only does VM power metering allows virtualized data centers to achieve the same savings that non-virtualized data centers achieved through physical server power capping, but also that it enables further savings in provisioning costs with virtualization.
Assessing limiting factors to the acceptance of antiretroviral therapy in a large cohort of injecting drug users (2003)

This study highlights the chaotic lifestyle and complex social background of the IDU. Such factors were not, however, associated with acceptance of HAART. The primary factor associated with both the acceptance of and adherence to HAART was regular and stable attendance for methadone therapy.