gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Development and optimization of an injectable formulation of copper diethyldithiocarbamate, an active anticancer agent (2017)

Copper diethyldithiocarbamate (Cu(DDC)<sub>2</sub>) is the active anticancer agent generated when disulfiram (DSF) is provided in the presence of copper. To date, research directed toward repurposing DSF as an anticancer drug has focused on administration of DSF and copper in combination, efforts that have proven unsuccessful in clinical trials. This is likely due to the inability to form Cu(DDC)<sub>2</sub> at relevant concentrations in regions of tumor growth. Little effort has been directed toward the development of Cu(DDC)<sub>2</sub> because of the inherent aqueous insolubility of the complex. Here, we describe an injectable Cu(DDC)<sub>2</sub> formulation prepared through a method that involves synthesis of Cu(DDC)<sub>2</sub> inside the aqueous core of liposomes. Convection-enhanced delivery of a Cu(DDC)<sub>2</sub> formulation prepared using 1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DSPC)/cholesterol liposomes into a rat model of F98 glioma engendered a 25% increase in median survival time relative to vehicle-treated animals. In a murine subcutaneous MV-4-11 model, treatment resulted in a 45% reduction in tumor burden when compared to controls. Pharmacokinetic studies indicated that the Cu(DDC)<sub>2</sub> was rapidly eliminated after intravenous administration while the liposomes remained in circulation. To test whether liposomal lipid composition could increase Cu(DDC)<sub>2</sub> circulation lifetime, a number of different formulations were evaluated. Studies demonstrated that liposomes composed of DSPC and 1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine-n-(carboxy[polyethylene glycol]-2000) (95:5) enhanced Cu(DDC)<sub>2</sub> concentrations in the circulation as reflected by a 4.2-fold increase in plasma AUC<sub>(0-∞)</sub> relative to the DSPC/cholesterol formulation. The anticancer activity of this Cu(DDC)<sub>2</sub> formulation was subsequently evaluated in the MV-4-11 model. At its maximum tolerated dose, this formulation exhibited comparable activity to the DSPC/cholesterol formulation. This is the first report demonstrating the therapeutic effects of an injectable Cu(DDC)<sub>2</sub> formulation in vivo.
571. The aporphine series. Part III. Corydine and isocorydine (1957)

D. H. Hey and A. L. Palluel, J. Chem. Soc., 1957, 2926 DOI: 10.1039/JR9570002926
Venous Air Embolism After Craniotomy Closure: Tension Pneumocephalus Implicated (1994)

The authors present a case of venous air embolism occurring immediately upon skin closure after craniotomy in the prone position. This 5-year-old patient had a third ventricle tumor resected with bipolar cautery via a frontal trans-collosal approach into the lateral ventricle and through the foramen of Monroe. Doppler monitoring was utilized during the case since the patient's head was extended upwards in 10 degrees reverse Trendelenburg position. No air was detected during the operation. The ventricles were filled with saline presumably displacing air, prior to dural closure. However, with an increase in nitrous oxide from 55 to 68% prior to skin closure, venous air embolism was subsequently detected by Doppler and confirmed by end-tidal/arterial pCO2 gradient. The authors speculate that tension pneumocephalus caused the venous air embolism and describe the probable route of entry into the venous system.
Du sacrifice au potlatch (2015)

« Du sacrifice au potlatch » retrace la genèse du « moment ethnologique » dans la pensée de Bataille. En se tournant vers le témoignage de son ami Alfred Métraux, nous proposons de voir en lui non seulement un médiateur ou un initiateur qui devait introduire Georges Bataille à la pensée de Marcel Mauss et sa théorie du don, mais également comment ses recherches sur le sacrifice et le cannibalisme chez les Tupinamba devait avoir une influence profonde sur la réflexion de Bataille dans La Part maudite.
Spectral Characterization of Eight Marine Phytoplankton Phyla and Assessing a Pigment-Based Taxonomic Discriminant Analysis for the in Situ Classification of Phytoplankton Blooms (2018)

Early stage identification of harmful algal blooms (HABs) has gained significance for marine monitoring systems over the years. Various approaches for in situ classification have been developed. Among them, pigment-based taxonomic classification is one promising technique for in situ characterization of bloom compositions, although it is yet underutilized in marine monitoring programs. To demonstrate the applicability and importance of this powerful approach for monitoring programs, we combined an ultra low-cost and miniaturized multichannel fluorometer with Fisher's linear discriminant analysis (LDA). This enables the real-time characterization of algal blooms at order level based on their spectral properties. The classification capability of the algorithm was examined with a leave-one-out cross validation of 53 different unialgal cultures conducted in terms of standard statistical measures and independent figures of merit. The separation capability of the linear discriminant analysis was further successfully examined in mixed algal suspensions. Besides this, the impact of the growing status on the classification capability was assessed. Further, we provide a comprehensive study of spectral features of eight different phytoplankton phyla including an extensive study of fluorescence excitation spectra and marker pigments analyzed via HPLC. The analyzed phytoplankton species belong to the phyla of Cyanobacteria, Dinophyta (Dinoflagellates), Bacillariophyta (Diatoms), Haptophyta, Chlorophyta, Ochrophyta, Cryptophyta, and Euglenophyta.
Performance of Directional Microphone Hearing Aids in Everyday Life (2002)

This study explored the use patterns and benefits of directional microphone technology in real-world situations experienced by patients who had been fitted with switchable omnidirectional/directional hearing aids. Telephone interviews and paper-and-pencil questionnaires were used to assess perceived performance with each microphone type in a variety of listening situations. Patients who used their hearing aids regularly and switched between the two microphone configurations reported using the directional mode, on average, about one-quarter of the time. From brief descriptions, patients could identify listening situations in which each microphone mode should provide superior performance. Further, they reported encountering listening situations in which an omnidirectional microphone should provide better performance more frequently than listening situations in which the directional microphones should be superior. Despite using the omnidirectional mode more often and encountering situations in which an omnidirectional microphone should provide superior performance more frequently, participants reported the same level of satisfaction with each microphone type.
Optimization of Surface Treatment and Adhesive Selection for Bond Durability in Ti-15-3 Laminates (1999)

Abstract The promising mechanical performance of a baseline Hybrid Titanium Composite Laminate (HTCL) inspired an investigation into maximizing the strength and environmental performance of this new aerospace material. This research focused upon finding the strongest and most durably combination of three commercially-available titanium surface treatments (i.e., Pasa-Jell 107TM, Boeing's Sol-Gel, and Turco 5578R) and two polyimide adhesives (i.e., LaRCTM-IAX and FM5R) for use in HTCL. The tests employed the cracked-lap shear (CLS) specimen geometry for fatigue crack growth measurements and also for fracture toughness analyses of the bonded specimens. The CLS geometry models several bonded applications found in the aerospace industry, and it also represents the debonding characteristics of a cracked titanium foil in HTCL. The environmental performance of these six material combinations has been evaluated after 5,000 hours of continuous exposure to either a Hot/Wet environment that subjected the bonded specimens to 160°F (71°C) with relative humidity in excess of 95%, or to a Hot/Dry environment of 350°F (177°C) with a relative humidity of less than 5%. These two exposure environments utilized in this study are the most aggressive long-term environments that the HTCL is projected to experience while in service. Test results showed that the best combination of the titanium surface treatments and the polyimide adhesives in the FMR adhesive used in conjunction with Boeing's Sol-Gel titanium surface treatment. Though the FM5R/Sol-Gel system was the strongest of all combinations, its performance dropped to less than 50% of its original strength after exposure to the Hot/Dry environment. An important finding is that this bonded system did not significantly degrade after exposure to the Hot/Wet environment. The only other material combination that showed substantial bond strength was the FM5R/Pasa-Jell 107 system, though its strength also dropped to less than 50% of its original strength after exposure to the Hot/Dry environment.
Abstract 1788: Clinical Impact of the Diameter of a Self-expandable Stent in the Superficial Femoral Artery (2007)

Background Factors associated with patency of self-expandable stents placed in the superficial femoral artery (SFA) have not been clarified. In this study, we investigated the impact of stent diameter in patients who implanted self-expandable stents in the SFA. Methods Self-expandable stents were placed in SFA lesions in 80 patients (84 limbs) at our hospital between January 2003 and December 2005 and we investigated prospectively for 18 months. A total of 144 stents were used: The mean vascular diameter at sites proximal and distal to the stent-placement region on angiography was defined as the vessel diameter, and the stent diameter/vessel diameter (S/V) ratio was calculated. Results The age of the patients ranged from 44 to 88 years old (mean: 70.3 ± 6.8 years old), and 68 patients were male (85%). The mean diameter of the treated vessels was 5.1 ± 0.7 mm, the mean lesion length was 93.8 ± 43.8 mm, and 1.7 ± 0.6 stents were used per lesion. Chronic total occlusion was noted in 24 cases (30%). The primary (secondary) patency rates at 6, 12, and 18 months were 91.2% (97.5%), 74.5% (87.2%), and 63.6% (79.1%), respectively as estimated by the Kaplan-Meier method. An S/V ratio &gt;1.3 was noted in 16 of the 80 patients (20%). There was a high percentage of patients with renal dysfunction and a smoking habit in this group, and the length of the treated lesion was long. In contrast, there were fewer patients with a high cholesterol level in this group. Other baseline parameters were similar between the two groups. A Kaplan-Meier estimate showed that the restenosis rate after 18 months was significantly higher in the S/V &gt;1.3 group (87.5% vs. 35.5%, p&lt;0.0001), whereas the primary patency was lower (31.3% vs. 73.4%, p&lt;0.0001). Multivariate analysis indicated that lesion length &gt;100 mm (Hazard ratio (HR) 6.6, p=0.015), chronic total occlusion (HR 6.0, p=0.035), stent fracture(HR 17.5, p=0.022), and S/V &gt;1.3(HR 29.0, p=0.0014) were independent predictors of primary patency at 18 months. conclusion The stent diameter of self-expandable stent was strongest predictor in primary patency at 18 months. The stent diameter of self-expandable stent can affect patency in the chronic phase.
Fine-form tactile discrimination through inversion of data from a skin-like sensor (2002)

Techniques and methodologies being developed to investigate tactile fine-form discrimination through machine perception are described. A tactile sensor array capable of resolving the six independent components of the stress tensor field is briefly described. Robust numerical solutions of inverse elastic contact problems, through discrete inverse operators, are reported.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Muscle Energy Metabolism and Nutritional Status in Patients With Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. A 31P Magnetic Resonance Study (1995)

We investigated the relationship between nutritional status and muscle energy metabolism during exercise in 18 male patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and 15 male control subjects using 31P nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (31P-MRS). The patients and control subjects were further categorized as in either a well-nourished (% ideal body weight, % IBW > or = 90) or malnourished (% IBW < 90) state. Muscle energy metabolism was evaluated by determining the ratios PCr/(PCr + Pi) (PCr, phosphocreatine; Pi, inorganic phosphate), and ATP/(PCr + Pi + ATP). The exercise consisted of repetitive hand grips performed against a load. The work rate was normalized for the individual's lean muscle mass by dividing work performed by the forearm fat-free cross-sectional area, which was calculated using 1H-MRS. The PCr/(PCr + Pi) values during exercise did not correlate with the % IBW in any of the groups of control subjects or COPD patients. Furthermore, the PCr/(PCr + Pi) did not correlate with the normalized work rate in either the well-nourished or malnourished subject groups. However, there were correlations within the groups of control subjects and COPD patients. The PCr/(PCr + Pi) values for the normalized work rate were consistently lower in the COPD patients than in the control subjects. These findings suggest that the altered muscle metabolism in COPD patients is not affected by their nutritional status.
Editor's evaluation: The fat body cortical actin network regulates Drosophila inter-organ nutrient trafficking, signaling, and adipose cell size (2022)

Fat-body-specific loss of actin isoform Act5C disrupts fat body cell growth and fat storage, lipoprotein secretion, and insulin signaling, revealing a non-canonical role for the cortical actin cytoskeleton in nutrient signaling and inter-organelle trafficking.
Copper(I) Thiocyanate (CuSCN) Hole‐Transport Layers Processed from Aqueous Precursor Solutions and Their Application in Thin‐Film Transistors and Highly Efficient Organic and Organometal Halide Perovskite Solar Cells (2017)

This study reports the development of copper(I) thiocyanate (CuSCN) hole‐transport layers (HTLs) processed from aqueous ammonia as a novel alternative to conventional n‐alkyl sulfide solvents. Wide bandgap (3.4–3.9 eV) and ultrathin (3–5 nm) layers of CuSCN are formed when the aqueous CuSCN–ammine complex solution is spin‐cast in air and annealed at 100 °C. X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy confirms the high compositional purity of the formed CuSCN layers, while the high‐resolution valence band spectra agree with first‐principles calculations. Study of the hole‐transport properties using field‐effect transistor measurements reveals that the aqueous‐processed CuSCN layers exhibit a fivefold higher hole mobility than films processed from diethyl sulfide solutions with the maximum values approaching 0.1 cm 2 V −1 s −1 . A further interesting characteristic is the low surface roughness of the resulting CuSCN layers, which in the case of solar cells helps to planarize the indium tin oxide anode. Organic bulk heterojunction and planar organometal halide perovskite solar cells based on aqueous‐processed CuSCN HTLs yield power conversion efficiency of 10.7% and 17.5%, respectively. Importantly, aqueous‐processed CuSCN‐based cells consistently outperform devices based on poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene) polystyrene sulfonate HTLs. This is the first report on CuSCN films and devices processed via an aqueous‐based synthetic route that is compatible with high‐throughput manufacturing and paves the way for further developments.
Petroleum Generation, Retention, and Expulsion in Lacustrine Shales Using an Artificial Thermal Maturation Approach: Implications for the In-Situ Conversion of Shale Oil (2020)

Organic-rich lacustrine shales with medium–low maturity in China have considerable potential to produce oil with the aid of in-situ underground conversion technology. Two shale samples from the Qingshankou Formation in the Songliao Basin and the Chang 7 Member in the Ordos Basin were selected for semi-closed pyrolysis, and the pyrolysis products and solid residues were subjected to detailed organic geochemical analysis and focused ion beam scanning electron microscopy (FIB-SEM) analyses to elucidate the evolution of organic matter; to quantitatively and qualitatively characterize the generation, retention, and expulsion of hydrocarbons; and to explore the required optimal temperature ranges for the two shales during in situ heating. The results showed that (a) the labile organic matter in the samples was progressively converted into hydrocarbons and (b) the cumulative yield of the retained oil continuously decreased as the temperature increased, the expelled oil reached its peak value at 400–450 °C, and oil cracking into gas occurred above 350 °C. The characteristics of the oil compositions indicated that hydrocarbons are directly decomposed from kerogen in the studied lacustrine shale samples, instead of being formed by bitumen cracking. Oil retention in the artificially mature samples is associated with organic richness, and large amounts of oil retained in samples can lead to a strong charging effect in FIB-SEM images, which is expressed as strong brightness. Mass balance calculations demonstrated that the maximum values of the oil expulsion efficiency are 82.59% for the Chang 7 shale sample and 96.27% for the Qingshankou shale sample at 350 °C. Meanwhile, substantial light hydrocarbons are produced and expelled in the pyrolysis of the latter sample. During an in-situ conversion process, the optimal temperature ranges are suggested to be 400–450 °C for the Chang 7 shale and 350–425 °C for the Qingshankou shale. In these ranges, most labile organic matter can be converted into hydrocarbons, hydrocarbon expulsion efficiency is higher, and oil is characterized by appropriate mobility as well as a relatively lower secondary cracking degree.
Semi-rational engineering of cellobiose dehydrogenase for improved hydrogen peroxide production (2013)

Site-directed mutagenesis and directed evolution of CDH is simplified by the use of S. cerevisiae instead of the high-yield-host P. pastoris due to easier handling and higher transformation efficiencies with autonomous plasmids. Twelve clones which exhibited an increased H2O2 production in the subsequent screening were all found to carry the same amino acid exchange in the cdh gene (N700S). The sensitive location of the five targeted amino acid positions in the active site of CDH explains the high rate of variants with decreased or entirely abolished activity. The discovery of only one beneficial exchange indicates that a dehydrogenase's oxygen turnover is a complex phenomenon and the increase therefore not an easy target for protein engineering.
Model of the anode region in a uniform multi-cathode-spot vacuum arc (1983)

A model is developed for the anode region of a uniform multi-cathode-spot vacuum arc. A first-order approach is used, in which the plasma up until the anode sheath is assumed to be produced solely by a multitude of cathode spots and is described by a zero-order plasma model previously developed, and the influence of the anodic emissions on this plasma is assumed initially to be negligible. Calculations of the electron mean-free-path and the Debye length indicate that the anode sheath may be modelled as collisionless. The anode potential is calculated by imposing the requirement of current continuity, and it is found that the overabundant supply of random electron current forces the anode to assume a negative potential with respect to the adjacent neutral plasma with a magnitude of approximately (1/3)(kTe/e)(vT/vd), where Te is the electron temperature, vd is the electron drift velocity, and the thermal velocity vT is defined by (kTe/2πme)1/2. The magnitude of the electric field at the anode surface is also calculated, and it is found that under certain circumstances, its value may approach the value of 107 V/m known to produce cathode spots. The possibility of ‘‘cathode spot’’ formation on the negatively charged anode is discussed. The energy flux incident on the anode surface is analyzed and is found to contain both a component originating from the electron flux, and a component originating from the ion flux. The two components are of the same order of magnitude, with the ion flux dominant at lower values of Te, and the electron flux dominant at higher values of Te. The overall energy flux is given by JφE, where J is the current density and φE is an effective anode drop whose value in a Cu arc ranges from 13 V for Te=1 eV to 33 V for Te=9 eV. Neutral atom emission from the anode surface by evaporation and by sputtering is analyzed. Evaporation will be significant after a sufficient heating time has elapsed, on the order of 64 ms for a 3 eV, 107 A/m2 Cu arc, for example. Sputtering, in the case of a Cu arc, may produce a local neutral density equal to 37% of the ambient ion density. All of the neutrals emitted from the anode surface are eventually ionized by electron impact. Extension of the model to cover arcs where macroparticle-produced plasma is significant, and where nonuniformities are produced by the electrode geometry or magnetic constriction, is discussed qualitatively.
THE SAFETY AND EFFICACY OF AUTOMATED-WEANING FROM MECHANICAL VENTILATION FOLLOWING CARDIAC SURGERY (1998)

Introduction: To determine the safety and efficacy of automatic weaning (AW), we compared adverse events associated with weaning by AW with conventional intermittent mandatory ventilation (IMV) in adult patients after cardiac surgery. Previously, in order to standardize weaning by eliminating clinician bias, we used an advanced algorithm for AW with volume-targeted variable pressure support and demonstrated significant reduction in time to extubation in patients undergoing coronary bypass. [1,2] Methods: Ninety eight patients undergoing elective surgical myocardial revascularization entered an IRB approved, randomized, prospective study comparing weaning from mechanical ventilation by an AW or by conventional IMV mode. Weaning for Group 1 was performed on a newly available mechanical ventilator, the Venturi (Cardiopulmonary Corporation, Milford, CT), employing an advanced algorithm for AW by volume-targeted variable pressure support. During apneic periods, the Venturi delivered the set tidal volume and rate by a volume control mode, whereas during spontaneous breathing, the ventilator automatically delivered 15 +/- 8 cm H2 O of pressure support to achieve a targeted tidal volume of 6-8cc/kg. Clinically stable patients with acceptable blood gases were eligible for extubation at pressure support levels < 7 cm H2 O. For Group 2, weaning was managed by the ICU team based on standard practice. Demographic and hemodynamic data, and ventilatory parameters were recorded. Adverse events were defined as serious (cardiopulmonary arrest and reintubation) and non-serious (PO2 < 60 mm Hg, PCO2 >55 mm Hg, and PH > 7.55). The incidence of non-serious events were derived from the total blood gas values obtained in each group. Continuous data are presented as mean +/- SD. Further analysis was performed using a Student's t-text and a p value <or=to0.05 was considered significant. Results: Consistent with our previous findings, the mean time to extubation was significantly reduced in the AW group (p<or=to0.05). The AW (N=48) and the IMV (N=50) groups had similar demographic and hemodynamic data and ventilatory parameters. There were no episodes of serious adverse events in either group. Non-serious adverse events are reported in Table 1 and were also clinically insignificant in both groups.Table 1Conclusion: Our results demonstrate that employing an automated weaning protocol is both safe and efficacious in patients following cardiac surgery.