gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Carbon incorporation into Si at high concentrations by ion implantation and solid phase epitaxy (1996)

We have studied the incorporation of heavily supersaturated C into Si using solid-phase epitaxy (SPE) of implanted amorphous layers. The strain in the Si1−xCx/Si heterostructures was measured using rocking curve x-ray diffraction. The microstructure and defect introduction were examined using ion channeling and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The fraction of C located on substitutional lattice sites in the Si was monitored using Fourier transform infrared absorption spectroscopy and ion channeling at resonance energies. Carbon-depth profiles were monitored by secondary ion mass spectroscopy. The metastable solubility limit for the incorporation of C into Si by SPE was found to be 3.0–7.0×1020 atoms/cm3, which is over three orders of magnitude above the equilibrium solubility at the Si melting point. This limit was determined by the ability to regrow without the introduction of microtwins and stacking faults along {111} planes. We postulate the local bond deformation resulting from the atomic size difference between C and Si leads to the faceting of the amorphous–crystalline interface and allows defect introduction, thus limiting the C supersaturations achieved in Si by SPE. It was also found that the defect density in the regrown alloys could be reduced by higher SPE regrowth temperatures in rapid thermal anneal processing.
Chapter 76. Familial Hyperparathyroidism (Including MEN, FHH, and HPT‐JT) (2008)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Familial Hypocalciuric Hypercalcemia Neonatal Severe Primary Hyperparathyroidism Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type 1 Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type 2A Hyperparathyroidism–JA W Tumor Syndrome Familial Isolated Hyperparathyroidism Overlapping Considerations Among All Forms of Familial HPT Acknowledgments Suggested Reading
Genomic Correlates of Tailocin Sensitivity in Pseudomonas syringae (2023)

Abstract Phage derived bacteriocins, also referred to as tailocins, are structures encoded by bacterial genomes and deployed into the extracellular environment to target and kill sensitive cells. Tailocins display great potential as agricultural antimicrobials due to their durability, efficiency, and specificity of killing with prophylactic application of these molecules having been shown to prevent infection by multiple phytopathogens. Although previous reports have strongly suggested that tailocins of Pseudomonas syringae bind sugar moieties in the LipoPolySaccharide (LPS) of target cells, the molecular mechanisms and binding interactions that enable tailocins from P. syringae to kill sensitive targets remain unclear. We therefore carried out a genome-wide association study investigating tailocin sensitivity across a diverse set of P. syringae genomes. Our results demonstrate that genes strongly correlated with tailocin sensitivity are localized to one contiguous region on the P. syringae chromosome encoding LPS structures similar to the Common Polysaccharide Antigen of P. aeruginosa . We further find that enzymes involved in the biosynthesis and transport of D-rhamnose and L-rhamnose are associated with tailocin sensitivity classes A and B, respectively, with large-scale recombination of the O-antigen biosynthesis region likely underlying rapid and fundamental changes in LPS structure between strains. We identify the rfbD gene as an additional genomic indicator to predict tailocin sensitivity and use this information to test tailocin interactions with unscreened strains from across phylogroups, including some in which LPS chains have been previously characterized. Overall, our results strongly support that tailocin sensitivity across P. syringae strains is largely determined by recombination events across strains that lead to differential production of either D or L-rhamnose moieties in the main LPS chain.
Structural image codebooks and the self-organizing feature map algorithm (2002)

The Kohonen self-organizing feature map algorithm is used to design hypercubically structured codebooks for memoryless vector quantization at a bit rate below 0.75 b/pixel for 512*512 monochrome still images. A decimated-search method that searches only a fraction of the codebook during both the training and the encoding processes is introduced. The effectiveness of the design is demonstrated by comparing the codebooks with those designed by the Linde-Buzo-Gray (LBG) algorithm. The coded images are seen to have similar objective and perceptual quality as those encoded by the LBG codebooks at a fraction of the search complexity.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Treatment of muscle-invasive urothelial cancer with nivolumab (CheckMate 274 study): a plain language summary (2023)

The results showed that people who received nivolumab versus placebo: Survived longer before the cancer was detected again, including people who had programmed death ligand-1 (shortened to PD-L1) on their cancer cells. Survived longer before a secondary cancer outside of the urinary tract was detected. Experienced no differences in health-related quality of life (the impact of the treatment on a person's mental and physical health). Had similar side effects to the people who received nivolumab in other studies. <b>Clinical Trial Registration</b>: NCT02632409 (ClinicalTrials.gov).
Chronic pachymeningitis associated to hypereosinophilia: case report (1988)

A male 22 years old patient who consulted due to headache and increasing visual loss is being presented. Alterations in the exam were represented by right amaurosis and left temporal hemianopsis. Pathological and tomographical studies revealed chronic pachymeningitis with eosinophilic infiltration. An elevated eosinophilia and an increasing in anti-A and anti-B isoagglutinins were associated to the clinical course. They returned to normal values after treatment with tiabendazol. Even though there is not a certain conclusion as regards the etiology, the probable parasitary nature of the process is outlined.
Fungal siderophores function as protective agents of LDL oxidation and are promising anti‐atherosclerotic metabolites in functional food (2008)

Iron-mediated oxidation of low-density lipoprotein has been implicated in the pathogenesis of vascular disorders such as atherosclerosis. The present investigations were performed to test whether hydrophobic fungal siderophores - hexadentate trihydroxamates desferricoprogen, desferrichrome, desferrirubin, and desferrichrysin - might suppress heme-catalyzed LDL oxidation and the toxic effects of heme-treated LDL on vascular endothelium. Indeed, two of these - desferricoprogen and desferrichrome - markedly increased the resistance of LDL to heme-catalyzed oxidation. In similar dose-response fashion, these siderophores also inhibited the generation of LDL products cytotoxic to human vascular endothelium. When iron-free fungal siderophores were added to LDL/heme oxidation reactions, the product failed to induce heme oxygenase-1, a surrogate marker for the noncytocidal effects of oxidized LDL (not in the case of desferrichrysin). Desferricoprogen also hindered the iron-mediated peroxidation of lipids from human atherosclerotic soft plaques in vitro, and was taken up in the gastrointestinal tract of rat. The absorbed siderophore was accumulated in the liver and was secreted in its iron-complexed form in the feces and urine. The consumption of mold-ripened food products such as aged cheeses and the introduction of functional foods and food additives rich in fungal iron chelators in diets may lower the risk of cardiovascular diseases.
Mode of action of antifungal agents (1984)

This symposium volume surveys the cellular and biochemical mechanisms by which antifungal agents and drugs prevent and counteract diseases caused by fungi. Both plants and animals are susceptible to attack and the consequences are often of great economic and social importance. Agriculturalists concerned with crop protection and animal husbandry need to know how antifungals work and such knowledge may help doctors and veterinary surgeons to use drugs more effectively in the treatment of fungal diseases. The contributors to this volume are an international group of leading workers in the field and come from both academic and industrial research laboratories. The book thus gives a comprehensive account of current research and points to problems still to be tackled.
Human Memory Th17 Cell Populations Change Into Anti-inflammatory Cells With Regulatory Capacity Upon Exposure to Active Vitamin D (2019)

Autoimmune diseases are characterized by an aberrantly activated immune system, resulting in tissue damage and functional disability in patients. An important therapeutic goal is to restore the deregulated immunological balance between pro- and anti-inflammatory T cells. This imbalance is illustrated by elevated levels and activity of memory Th17 cell populations, such as Th17, Th1/Th17, and Th17.1 cells, in various autoimmune diseases. These cells are characterized by the chemokine receptor CCR6, RORC expression and production of IL-17A, IFNγ, and TNFα. Using rheumatoid arthritis (RA) as a model of autoimmune disease, we here demonstrate that pro-inflammatory memory CCR6+ Th cells can switch into anti-inflammatory cells with regulatory capacity using the active vitamin D metabolite 1,25(OH)<sub>2</sub>D<sub>3</sub>. Memory CCR6+ Th cells, excluding Tregs, were sorted from healthy controls or treatment-naïve patients with early rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and cultured with or without 1,25(OH)<sub>2</sub>D<sub>3</sub>. Treatment with 1,25(OH)<sub>2</sub>D<sub>3</sub> inhibited pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-17A, IL-17F, IL-22 and IFNγ in memory CCR6+ Th cells from both healthy controls and RA patients. This was accompanied by induction of anti-inflammatory factors, including IL-10 and CTLA4. Interestingly, these formerly pathogenic cells suppressed proliferation of autologous CD3+ T cells similar to classical Tregs. Importantly, the modulated memory cells still migrated toward inflammatory milieus <i>in vitro</i>, modeled by RA synovial fluid, and retained their suppressive capacity in this environment. These data show the potential to reset the pathogenic profile of human memory Th cells into non-pathogenic cells with regulatory capacity.
On HTTP live streaming in large enterprises (2013)

In this work, we present a distributed caching solution which addresses the problem of efficient delivery of HTTP live streams in large private networks. With our system, we have conducted tests on a number of pilot deployments. The largest of them, with 3000 concurrent viewers, consistently showed that our system saves more than 90% of traffic towards the source of the stream while providing the same quality of user experience of a CDN. Another result is that our solution was able to reduce the load on the bottlenecks in the network by an average of 91.6%.
IONIZED CALCIUM CONCENTRATION IN MACHINE PERFUSATE PREDICTS EARLY GRAFT FUNCTION IN EXTENDED CRITERIA DONOR KIDNEYS (1998)

274 Objective: Pulsatile preservation offers the advantage of pretransplant assessment of donor kidneys. Selected electrolyte concentrations of machine perfusate were measured over time in order to (1) describe electrolyte changes in perfusate during the pulsatile perfusion of extended criteria donor kidneys (ECD) and (2) to assess the prognostic significance of these characteristics to early graft function. Methods: 60 ECD kidneys were preserved in our laboratory between 8/1/96 and 5/1/97. ECD kidneys were defined as those requiring pretransplant biopsy. Kidneys were grouped by the presence or absence of delayed graft function (DGF) and perfusion parameters were measured every hour during pulsatile perfusion. All kidneys were preserved by continuous hypothermic pulsatile perfusion using Belzer II solution. Results (mean values): Prognostic value of selected variables in predicting early graft function*: Table Mean ionized [C++] vs. time Figure Conclusions: Among the pretransplant variables of donor characteristics, perfusion parameters and histology, perfusion parameters are highly predictive of early graft function. In addition, we found that ionized calcium concentration in the perfusate is significantly elevated in kidneys exhibiting DGF, which may have implications for assessing the suitability of donor kidneys for transplantation.
LACCASE POLYMERIZATION OF AMINO-PHENOL COMPOUNDS (2005)

Introduction Laccases are a multi-copper phenol oxidase, which reduces oxygen to water and simultaneously catalyze the oxidation of aromatic pollutant such anilines and phenols [1, 2]. Several methods using laccase, immobilized laccase and laccase/mediator system have been developed for the treatment of the textile effluents [3-11]. This enzyme decolorizes some azo dyes without direct cleavage of the azo bond through a highly non-specific free radical mechanism, thereby avoiding the formation of toxic aromatic amines [12]. However, the substrate specificity of laccase limits the number of azo dyes that can be degraded [13]. Another possibility is the use of an azo reductase bacteria, that under microaerophilic condition can cleave a wider range of azo dyes into corresponding toxics aromatic amine [12, 14, 15], associated with a laccase [16].The microaerophilic condition has permitted the simultaneously presence, in the medium, of the azo reductase and a Trametes villosa laccase that is able to polymerize various substituted anilines [17]. Usually these types of reactions perform an oxidative oligomerization established by a nonenzymatic coupling reaction between substituted anilines. However in order to enhance the degree of polymerization, the catechol, a diphenolic compound, was added to the effluent. The catechol is a known substrate for laccase that polymerize forming a poorly soluble product [18]. The presence of catechol disfavors the aromatic amine self-coupling and enhances the coupling between catechol and the amines [19]. The copolymerization, between the oxidized anilines and catechol in the effluent, performed by simultaneously nonenzymatic coupling and enzymatic polymerization showed products with low solubility. These kinds of reaction products were not observed when the anilines and catechol separately were reacted in presence of laccase in the same conditions. The formation of the insoluble products brings the advantage that they can be removed from effluent in the form of a precipitate by further treatment processes. This reaction has been compared on the basis of the kinetic parameters using a HBT/laccase system. HBT (1hydroxybenzotriazole), the most researched mediator that is able to oxidize a variety of aromatic compounds, was used to broaden the range of azo dyes and to increase the polymerization rate of laccase [20].
High Power Density SiC 450A AccuMOSFET for Current Limiting Applications (2009)

The expansion of the electrical communications and distribution networks strongly contribute to the increase in the risks of appearance of defaults, such as over-voltage and/or over-current. These developments promote the emergence of safety devices for serial protection commonly named Current Limiting Devices (CLD's). This work presents the design, manufacture and characterization of silicon carbide accuMOSFET of high power density ratings. Components able to limit the current up to 450A @ 350V were manufactured and characterized. Specific characterization test benches were developed, able to provide high energy pulses required for characterization. CLDs behavior subjected to short overloads has been measured experimentally and analyzed be means of simulations for long-time overloads. A maximum sustainable high energy of 35 Joules has been estimated. This achievement give opportunities to build new architectures of serial protection systems.
Activation of Caspases and p53 by Bovine Herpesvirus 1 Infection Results in Programmed Cell Death and Efficient Virus Release (1999)

Programmed cell death (PCD), or apoptosis, is initiated in response to various stimuli, including virus infection. Bovine herpesvirus 1 (BHV-1) induces PCD in peripheral blood mononuclear cells at the G0/G1 phase of the cell cycle (E. Hanon, S. Hoornaert, F. Dequiedt, A. Vanderplasschen, J. Lyaku, L. Willems, and P.-P. Pastoret, Virology 232:351-358, 1997). However, penetration of virus particles is not required for PCD (E. Hanon, G. Meyer, A. Vanderplasschen, C. Dessy-Doize, E. Thiry, and P. P. Pastoret, J. Virol. 72:7638-7641, 1998). The mechanism by which BHV-1 induces PCD in peripheral blood mononuclear cells is not understood, nor is it clear whether nonlymphoid cells undergo PCD following infection. This study demonstrates that infection of bovine kidney (MDBK) cells with BHV-1 leads to PCD, as judged by terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end labeling, DNA laddering, and chromatin condensation. p53 appears to be important in this process, because p53 levels and promoter activity increased after infection. Expression of proteins that are stimulated by p53 (p21(Waf1) and Bax) is also activated after infection. Cleavage of Bcl-xL, a protein that inhibits PCD, occurred after infection, suggesting that caspases (interleukin-1beta-converting enzyme-like proteases) were activated. Other caspase substrates [poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase and actin] are also cleaved during the late stages of infection. Inhibition of caspase activity delayed cytotoxic activity and virus release but increased the overall virus yield. Taken together, these results indicate that nonlymphoid cells undergo PCD near the end of productive infection and further suggest that caspases enhance virus release.
Comparing Flame and Mechanical Deaeration of High Vacuum Canned Green Beans and Apple Slices (1987)

ABSTRACT Mechanical deaeration in a vacuum closing machine and flame deaeration achieved comparable results in removing noncondensible gases from low‐liquid packs of canned green beans and apple slices. Residual headspace oxygen was calculated from experimental measurements of pressure, void volume, and percent oxygen. Prolonged (&gt; 5 set) exposure of hot filled samples to mechanical vacuum prior to seaming did not result in lower residual oxygen. Sample changes through 9 mo storage were not influenced by deaeration method; consequently, residual oxygen or vacuum in cooled samples immediately after sampling may be used to assess adequacy of air removal.
Gastroparesis: diagnosis and management. (1995)

Gastroparesis occurs frequently and may be associated with gastrointestinal symptoms, impaired oral drug absorption and, in diabetic patients, poor blood glucose control. Although current knowledge of the mechanisms responsible for delayed gastric emptying is limited, it is clear that gastroparesis arises from a spectrum of motor dysfunctions. There is a poor correlation between symptoms and delay in gastric emptying, and objective measurement is therefore required for the diagnosis of gastroparesis. Scintigraphic measurement of gastric emptying is at present the only clinically applicable method, although other techniques, particularly radioisotopic breath tests and ultrasound, show considerable promise. Therapy with the prokinetic drugs, cisapride, domperidone, metoclopramide, and erythromycin, forms the mainstay of treatment. Although there have been few formal comparisons, cisapride is considered to be the drug of first choice. Current knowledge of the etiology, pathophysiology, investigation, and treatment of gastroparesis is discussed in this review.
Screening and Characterization of Reactive Compounds with In Vitro Peptide-Trapping and Liquid Chromatography/High-Resolution Accurate Mass Spectrometry (2013)

The present study describes a novel methodology for the detection of reactive compounds using in vitro peptide-trapping and liquid chromatography-high-resolution accurate mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS). Compounds that contain electrophilic groups can covalently bind to nucleophilic moieties in proteins and form adducts. Such adducts are thought to be associated with drug-mediated toxicity and therefore represent potential liabilities in drug discovery programs. In addition, reactive compounds identified in biological screening can be associated with data that can be misinterpreted if the reactive nature of the compound is not appreciated. In this work, to facilitate the triage of hits from high-throughput screening (HTS), a novel assay was developed to monitor the formation of covalent peptide adducts by compounds suspected to be chemically reactive. The assay consists of in vitro incubations of test compounds (under conditions of physiological pH) with synthetically prepared peptides presenting a variety of nucleophilic moieties such as cysteine, lysine, histidine, arginine, serine, and tyrosine. Reaction mixtures were analyzed using full-scan LC-HRMS, the data were interrogated using postacquisition data mining, and modified amino acids were identified by subsequent LC-HRMS/mass spectrometry. The study demonstrated that in vitro nucleophilic peptide trapping followed by LC-HRMS analysis is a useful approach for screening of intrinsically reactive compounds identified from HTS exercises, which are then removed from follow-up processes, thus obviating the generation of data from biochemical activity assays.
A resistant textile tag antenna for RFID UHF frequency band (2012)

Wearable textile systems are nowadays a fast growing field. Besides lower prices, wearable tags antenna have to resist laundry cycles which means high pressure, high temperature and humidity. This paper introduces a novel RFID textile tag antenna, made of two distinct antennas coupled together to protect UHF RFID system from environment stress : a circular small-loop antenna packaged with the RFID chip and a wideband log-periodic antenna made of electro-thread. Electric proprieties of the chip, the small-loop antenna and matching between both are shown. Used method to characterize electro-thread and the choice of electro-thread are presented. Finally the whole tag antenna is simulated and results are presented in part IV. In the UHF band we found the matched reflection coefficient less then -10 dB and the antenna's half power beamdwith has 80°. According to Friis equation we can estimated the read range at 4 meters in the RFID UHF band.
Heavy Enzymes and the Rational Redesign of Protein Catalysts (2019)

An unsolved mystery in biology concerns the link between enzyme catalysis and protein motions. Comparison between isotopically labelled "heavy" dihydrofolate reductases and their natural-abundance counterparts has suggested that the coupling of protein motions to the chemistry of the catalysed reaction is minimised in the case of hydride transfer. In alcohol dehydrogenases, unnatural, bulky substrates that induce additional electrostatic rearrangements of the active site enhance coupled motions. This finding could provide a new route to engineering enzymes with altered substrate specificity, because amino acid residues responsible for dynamic coupling with a given substrate present as hotspots for mutagenesis. Detailed understanding of the biophysics of enzyme catalysis based on insights gained from analysis of "heavy" enzymes might eventually allow routine engineering of enzymes to catalyse reactions of choice.