gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Implementing Scalable Locks and Barriers on Large-Scale Light-Weight Multithreaded Systems (2022)

Improvements in fabrication technology, guided by Moore's law, has provided significant boost in clock rate and hence performance of microprocessors. Over the years, large amounts of chip area have been dedicated to components that try to extract more parallelism from single instruction streams. However, as we scale the process technology to smaller feature sizes, traditional techniques of exploiting Instruction Level Parallelism (ILP) especially using superscalar processors has yielded diminishing returns in terms of cost/performance. &lt;p&gt;This thesis focuses on computer architectures, which increase the opportunities for concurrency usually not possible in systems based on complex superscalar based cores. We are specifically interested in the LWP architecture that supports light-weight multithreading capability coupled on the same die as the memory by using the Processing-In-Memory (PIM) technology or the embedded DRAM technology. &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The primary objective of this thesis is to explore scalable synchronization mechanisms for LWP architecture. We explore the design space for efficient low overhead implementations of mutex and barrier implementations that scale as the number of threads increases. We try to achieve this with a combination of hardware and software techniques depending on the target requirements. &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Towards this goal, we attempt to answer some of the following questions in this thesis: '¢ How best to implement current synchronization mechanisms in the LWP architecture? '¢ What sort of additional hardware or software support should be added to the LWP architecture to enhance the implementation? '¢ How does the LWP implementations compare to that on current architectures/ISAs? '¢ Are there any new techniques that can be developed for LWP architecture? '¢ Are any of these LWP based ideas applicable in conventional systems?&lt;/p&gt;
Remote reservoir resistivity mapping (2006)

Marine controlled-source electromagnetic (CSEM) surveying has emerged as a new tool for remotely detecting reservoired hydrocarbons offshore. Industry is now evaluating this technology and the business value of the information that it provides. When integrated carefully with other geoscience information, primarily seismic data, marine CSEM shows promise for adding considerable value in upstream applications, at least in clastic environments. In this article, we review some of the history of CSEM development for the offshore oil and gas industry, show a few examples from recent ExxonMobil surveys, and then look ahead into a possible future for the technology.
Progress in SiC/SiC Ceramic Composite Development for Gas Turbine Hot-Section Components Under NASA EPM and UEET Programs (2002)

The successful application of ceramic matrix composites as hot-section components in advanced gas turbine engines will require the development of constituent materials and processes that can provide the material systems with the key thermostructural properties required for long-term component service. Much initial progress in identifying these materials and processes was made under the former NASA Enabling Propulsion Materials Program using stoichiometric Sylramic™ silicon-carbide (SiC) fibers, 2D-woven fiber architectures, chemically vapor-infiltrated (CVI) BN fiber coatings (interphases), and SiC-based matrices containing CVI SiC interphase over-coatings, slurry-infiltrated SiC particulate, and melt-infiltrated (MI) silicon. The objective of this paper is to discuss the property benefits of this SiC/SiC composite system for high-temperature engine components and to elaborate on further progress in SiC/SiC development made under the new NASA Ultra Efficient Engine Technology Program. This progress stems from the recent development of advanced constituent materials and manufacturing processes, including specific treatments at NASA that improve the creep, rupture, and environmental resistance of the Sylramic fiber as well as the thermal conductivity and creep resistance of the CVI SiC over-coatings. Also discussed are recent observations concerning the detrimental effects of inadvertent carbon in the fiber-BN interfacial region and the beneficial effects of certain 2D-architectures for thin-walled SiC/SiC panels.
Quantum Mechanics/Molecular Mechanics Modeling of Enzymatic Processes: Caveats and Breakthroughs (2015)

Nature has developed large groups of enzymatic catalysts with the aim to transfer substrates into useful products, which enables biosystems to perform all their natural functions. As such, all biochemical processes in our body (we drink, we eat, we breath, we sleep, etc.) are governed by enzymes. One of the problems associated with research on biocatalysts is that they react so fast that details of their reaction mechanisms cannot be obtained with experimental work. In recent years, major advances in computational hardware and software have been made and now large (bio)chemical systems can be studied using accurate computational techniques. One such technique is the quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics (QM/MM) technique, which has gained major momentum in recent years. Unfortunately, it is not a black-box method that is easily applied, but requires careful set-up procedures. In this work we give an overview on the technical difficulties and caveats of QM/MM and discuss work-protocols developed in our groups for running successful QM/MM calculations.
Mechanism of Inclusion Damage in Laser Glass (1970)

The mechanism of inclusion damage in laser glass is associated with the temperature rise of particles, or surface regions of particles, relative to the surrounding glass. The particles of greatest concern are metallic, although at very high-power levels ceramic inclusions containing large concentrations of highly absorbing ions can likewise result in failure. Solutions to the heat-flow problems of a perfectly conducting sphere in a medium of finite conductivity and of the infinite composite solid indicate that temperatures of metal particles subject to a 20-J/cm−2, 30-nsec laser pulse can exceed 10 000°K for a range of particle sizes. These high temperatures produce stresses in the glass adjacent to the particles which can exceed the theoretical strength of the glass, and result in failure. The effects on the breakdown condition of flux level and pulse time, as well as the size, shape, thermal expansivity, and spectral emissivity of the particle, and the heat capacity and thermal conductivity of particle and glass are specified. Observations of damage morphologies are reported and related to the results of the calculations. A fatigue phenomenon is anticipated under certain conditions, and the phenomenon of phase separation is not expected to affect significantly the process of inclusion damage. Likely sources of metallic inclusion particles in laser glasses are considered, and melting conditions most suitable for their avoidance are discussed.
Early research of shape memory polymer vascular stents (2022)

Shape memory polymers (SMPs) are smart materials that can alter their shape from a temporary shape to a permanent shape upon external stimuli. This unique property of SMP has shown enormous potential and breakthrough discoveries in biomedical engineering. A significant number of SMP based research publications in the recent past have demonstrated the researchers' thirst to introduce SMP based devices to the biomedical fields. SMPs favour minimally invasive surgeries and showed enormous potential in vascular stents. However, SMP-based vascular stents have not been realised to date, indicating a lack of high-quality research outputs. Most studies either repeat or provide only minor extensions to ongoing research. This article reviews SMP materials used for vascular stent development and briefly introduces SMP, architecture, and history. Followed by SMP vascular stent fabrication methods, responsive physical behaviour, the performance of the vascular stents, limitations, and vitro and vivo clinical results. Finally, challenges and future directions of SMP vascular stents are identified and highlighted.
Detection of DNA Amplicons of Polymerase Chain Reaction Using Litmus Test (2017)

We report on a new colorimetric DNA detection method that takes advantage of the power of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and the simplicity of the classic litmus test. The strategy makes use of a modified set of primers for PCR to facilitate ensuing manipulations of resultant DNA amplicons: their tagging with urease and immobilization onto magnetic beads. The amplicon/urease-laden beads are then used to hydrolyze urea, resulting in the increase of pH that can be conveniently reported by a pH-sensitive dye. We have successfully applied this strategy for the detection of two hypervirulent strains of the bacterium Clostridium difficile that are responsible for the recent increase in the global incidence and severity of C. difficile infections. Furthermore, the viability of this test for diagnostic applications is demonstrated using clinically validated stool samples from C. difficile infected patients.
Dynamic Cardiomyoplasty in the Treatment of Dilated Cardiomyopathy: Current Results and Perspectives (1996)

Furthermore, technological advances incorporated in the new cardiomyostimulators may ameliorate skeletal muscle flap performance at long term. Other developments are also discussed in this field.
Writing speed normalization for on-line handwritten text recognition (2005)

Pen-based interfaces aim at improving the man-machine interaction of many portable systems. While statistical models can be used to learn pen position sequences, they suffer from the huge variability exhibited by the speed of writing. To improve performance, invariance to the writing speed is needed. Trace segmentation is a technique that can be used to normalize the writing speed. This method is controlled by a parameter called resampling distance. A study of the resampling distance is presented here, along with another approximation to the writing speed normalization called "derivatives normalization". The improvement using trace segmentation was 193% relative to the baseline, whilst the improvement using derivatives normalization was 47.3% relative.
Design of Transmembrane Mimetic Structural Probes to Trap Different Stages of γ-Secretase-Substrate Interaction (2021)

ABSTRACT The transmembrane domain (TMD) of the amyloid precursor protein of Alzheimer’s disease is processively cut by γ-secretase through endoproteolysis and tricarboxypeptidase “trimming”. We recently developed a prototype substrate TMD mimetic for structural analysis—composed of a helical peptide inhibitor linked to a transition-state analog—that simultaneously engages a substrate exosite and the active site and is pre-organized to trap the carboxypeptidase transition state. Here we developed variants of this prototype designed to allow visualization of transition states for endoproteolysis, TMD helix unwinding, and lateral gating of substrate, identifying potent inhibitors for each class. These TMD mimetics exhibited non-competitive inhibition and occupy both exosite and active site as demonstrated by inhibitor cross competition experiments and photoaffinity probe binding assays. The new probes should be important structural tools for trapping different stages of substrate recognition and processing via ongoing cryo-electron microscopy with γ-secretase, ultimately aiding rational drug design.
Shift register design using two bit flip-flop (2014)

A novel concept of multi bit flip-flops has been proved to be an effective way in processing multiple bits simultaneously. In this paper we propose a way of using multi bit flip-flop technique in designing various digital circuits. By sharing the inverters in the flip-flops, the total number of inverters can be reduced in a multi-bit flip-flop. So, here, we have designed a shift register which is an important memory element in digital systems, using 2-bit flip flop. Experimental results reveal that our approach is very efficient, which can be effortlessly incorporated in modern vlsi circuit designs.
Acidities of cis-.beta.-substituted .alpha.,.beta.-unsaturated carboxylic acids. View of the ortho effect (1973)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAcidities of cis-.beta.-substituted .alpha.,.beta.-unsaturated carboxylic acids. View of the ortho effectLayton L. McCoy and Edgar E. RieckeCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1973, 95, 22, 7407–7412Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1973Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1973https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00803a032https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00803a032research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views103Altmetric-Citations7LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A tool for monitoring and maintaining system trustworthiness at runtime (2015)

Trustworthiness of software systems is a key factor in their acceptance and effectiveness. This is especially the case for cyber-physical systems, where incorrect or even sub-optimal functioning of the system may have detrimental effects. In addition to designing systems with trustworthiness in mind, monitoring and maintaining trustworthiness at runtime is critical to identify issues that could negatively affect a system's trustworthiness. In this paper, we present a fully operational tool for system trustworthiness maintenance, covering a comprehensive set of quality attributes. It automatically detects, and in some cases mitigates, trustworthiness threatening events. The use of such a tool can enable complex software systems to support runtime adaptation and self-healing, thus reducing the overall upkeep cost and complexity.
Le PIPOC 1996 : compétitivité de l'huile de palme pour le XXIème siècle (1996)

Cet article est une synthèse du congrès PIPOC 1996 (PORIM International Palm Oil Congress) organisé par le PORIM (Palm Oil Research Institute of Malaysia) à Kuala Lumpur en Malaisie du 23 au 28 septembre 1996. Ce congrès se donnait pour objectif de faire le point sur la compétitivité de l'huile de palme pour le 21ème siècle en matière de recherche et de développement
Welcome message (2015)

It is a great pleasure to welcome you to the 7th International IEEE EMBS Conference on Neural Engineering, which for the first time is being held in France. Neural Engineering is an emerging core discipline, which coalesces neuroscience with engineering. The conference will highlight the emerging engineering innovations in the restoration and enhancement of impaired sensory, motor, and cognitive functions, novel engineering for deepening knowledge of brain function, and advanced design and use of neurotechnologies.
Use Cases and Requirements for JSON Object Signing and Encryption (JOSE) (2014)

Many Internet applications have a need for object-based security mechanisms in addition to security mechanisms at the network layer or transport layer. For many years, the Cryptographic Message Syntax (CMS) has provided a binary secure object format based on ASN.1. Over time, binary object encodings such as ASN.1 have become less common than text-based encodings, such as the JavaScript Object Notation (JSON). This document defines a set of use cases and requirements for a secure object format encoded using JSON, drawn from a variety of application security mechanisms currently in development.
ChemInform Abstract: Structural Diversity of PDZ—Lipid Interactions (2010)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Bioanalytical Method for Carbocisteine in Human Plasma by Using LC-MS/MS: Pharmacokinetic Application (2014)

A simple, sensitive, and selective LC-MS/MS method was developed and validated for the quantification of carbocisteine in human plasma. Rosiglitazone was used as the internal standard and heparin was used as the anticoagulant. The chromatographic separation was performed by using the Waters Symmetry Shield RP 8, 150 × 3.9 mm, 5 μ column at 40°C with a mobile phase consisting of a mixture of methanol and 0.5% formic acid solution in a 40:60 proportion. The flow rate was 500 μl/min along with a 5 μl injection volume. Protein precipitation was used as the extraction method. Mass spectrometric data were detected in positive ion mode. The MRM mode of the ions for carbocisteine was 180.0 > 89.0 and for rosiglitazone it was 238.1 > 135.1. The method was validated in the concentration curve range of 50.000 ng/mL to 6000.000 ng/mL. The retention times of carbocisteine and the internal standard rosiglitazone were approximately 2.20 and 3.01 min, respectively. The overall run time was 4.50 min. This method was found suitable to analyze human plasma samples for the application in pharmacokinetic and BA/BE studies.
Aromatic plants of tropical central Africa. I. Volatile components of two annonaceae from cameroon: Xylopia aethiopica (dunal) A. Richard and Monodora myristica (Gaertn.) Dunal (1987)

Abstract The essential oils of fruits of Monodora myristica (Gaertn.) Dunal (or ‘false’ nutmeg) and Xylopia aethiopica (Dunal) A. Richard were analysed by GLC and GC‐MS. The monoterpenoid content of M. myristica amounts to about 98%, mainly hydrocarbons (96.8%); among them, α‐phellandrene (48.8%), α‐pinene (15.9%), limonene (8.7%), myrcene (7.9%) and α‐thujene (6.3%) are the most important. A comparison is made with Myristica fragrans (the ‘true’ nutmeg) for which M. myristica is often used as a substitute. The composition of the oil of X. aethiopica is more diverse, with again mainly monoterpene hydrocarbons (66.6%) among which sabinene is the most abundant (23.9%), but with 25.1% of oxygenated compounds (essentially terpinen‐4‐ol and α‐terpineol) and 8.3% of sesquiterpenene hydrocarbons (with 4.3% of α‐muurolene).
Bacterial Transposons—An Increasingly Diverse Group of Elements (2002)

Many reviews have been written on individual types of transposons. This review brings together all of the elements currently classified as transposons, from insertion sequences and integrons to conjugative transposons and mobilizable transposons. Structures and mechanisms of transposition are described and compared. Although there are some commonalities, the most notable aspect of this comparison is the diversity represented among the elements that have been grouped in the transposon category. Also covered is the medical and environmental significance of the various elements in this group.
Synthesis and Striking Reactivity of an Isolable Tetrasilyl-Substituted Trisilaallene (2011)

The first silyl-substituted Si3-allene, namely 1,1,3,3-tetrakis(di-tert-butylmethylsilyl)trisilaallene (4), was prepared as an air- and moisture-sensitive red solid by the reaction of the dilithiosilane (tBu2MeSi)2SiLi2 with the dichlorosilylene–NHC complex :SiCl2←NHC (NHC = 1,3-bis(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)imidazol-2-ylidene) in benzene at room temperature. Remarkably, the reaction of 4 with methanol proceeds regioselectively to form only the 3,3-dimethoxypentasilane derivative 5, in contrast to the case for a previously reported trisilaallene. In addition, 4 undergoes unprecedented thermal isomerization to tetrakis(di-tert-butylmethylsilyl)cyclotrisilene (7).
Identification of 2,4-Dichlorophenol in Females of the American Dog Tick, <I>Dermacentor variabilis</I> (Acari: Ixodidae), and Its Possible Role as a Component of the Attractant Sex Pheromone (2002)

Presence of 2,4-dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP) in extracts of fed and nonfed adult female Dermacentor variabilis (Say) by gas chromatography and mass spectroscopy (GC/MS) is reported. 2,4-DCP was detected as part of a mixture with 2,6-dichlorophenol, which is the attractant sex pheromone in this species in a 1:9 ratio, respectively. Extracts did not contain the monochlorinated phenols, 2-chlorophenol and 4-chlorophenol. None of these chlorophenols were detected in eggs. 2,4-DCP is comparable in efficacy to 2,6-DCP as an attractant sex pheromone, prompting attraction, arrestment and feeding posture behavior by fed males. It is also present in the female adult.
The general organization of autobiographical memory (1986)

Some basic observations challenge the researcher trying to understand the structure of autobiographical memory. Autobiographical memory shares properties with all human memory. It is highly organized. It tends to preserve the general gist of events, or series of events, but usually not the details. It is vast, requiring search and decision for retrieval. In addition, autobiographical memory presents problems that memory theorists trying to explain most phenomena can often safely ignore. First, autobiographical memory is memory for a whole lifetime and, as such, memories have much longer times than usual to change, distort, and be reconstructed. Second, this long passage of time is confounded with the development of the rememberer so that a college sophomore may be asked to recall an event encoded by a 6-year-old. Third, autobiographical memory is important affectively. It is the sum of peoples' knowledge of their own lives and as such is the basis for their concept of self.
A Near‐Infrared‐Controllable Artificial Metalloprotease Used for Degrading Amyloid‐β Monomers and Aggregates (2019)

Proteolysis of amyloid-β (Aβ) is a promising approach against Alzheimer's disease. However, it is not feasible to employ natural hydrolases directly because of their cumbersome preparation and purification, poor stability, and hazardous immunogenicity. Therefore, artificial enzymes have been developed as potential alternatives to natural hydrolases. Since specific cleavage sites of Aβ are usually embedded inside the β-sheet structures that restrict access by artificial enzymes, this strongly hinders their efficiency for practical applications. Herein, we construct a NIR (near-IR) controllable artificial metalloprotease (MoS<sub>2</sub> -Co) using a molybdenum disulfide nanosheet (MoS<sub>2</sub> ) and a cobalt complex of 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetraacetic acid (Codota). Evidenced by detailed experimental and theoretical studies, the NIR-enhanced MoS<sub>2</sub> -Co can circumvent the restriction by simultaneously inhibition of β-sheet formation and destroying β-sheet structures of the preformed Aβ aggregates in living cell. Furthermore, our designed MoS<sub>2</sub> -Co is an easy to graft Aβ-target agent that prevents misdirected or undesirable hydrolysis reactions, and has been demonstrated to cross the blood brain barrier. This method can be adapted for hydrolysis of other kinds of amyloids.