gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Distributed Long-Gauge Optical Fiber Sensors Based Self-Sensing FRP Bar for Concrete Structure (2016)

Brillouin scattering-based distributed optical fiber (OF) sensing technique presents advantages for concrete structure monitoring. However, the existence of spatial resolution greatly decreases strain measurement accuracy especially around cracks. Meanwhile, the brittle feature of OF also hinders its further application. In this paper, the distributed OF sensor was firstly proposed as long-gauge sensor to improve strain measurement accuracy. Then, a new type of self-sensing fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) bar was developed by embedding the packaged long-gauge OF sensors into FRP bar, followed by experimental studies on strain sensing, temperature sensing and basic mechanical properties. The results confirmed the superior strain sensing properties, namely satisfied accuracy, repeatability and linearity, as well as excellent mechanical performance. At the same time, the temperature sensing property was not influenced by the long-gauge package, making temperature compensation easy. Furthermore, the bonding performance between self-sensing FRP bar and concrete was investigated to study its influence on the sensing. Lastly, the sensing performance was further verified with static experiments of concrete beam reinforced with the proposed self-sensing FRP bar. Therefore, the self-sensing FRP bar has potential applications for long-term structural health monitoring (SHM) as embedded sensors as well as reinforcing materials for concrete structures.
Crystals of Yb3Sc2Ga3O12:Cr3+:Ho3+as a promising material for cascade lasing of Ho3+ions (1992)

An investigation was made of the possibility of lasing of Ho3+ ions in a Yb3Sc2Ga3O12:Cr3+:Ho3+ crystal in accordance with a cascade scheme 5I6→5I7→5I8 using flashlamp pumping at room temperature. The lifetime of the 2F5/2 level of the Yb3+ ion and of the 5I6 and 5I7 levels of the Ho3+ ion were determined. The efficiency of the Cr3+→Yb3+→Ho3+ energy transfer chain was 60%.
THE CONTRIBUTION OF SUB‐SAHARAN AFRICAN STRAINS TO THE PHYLOGENY OF CYANOBACTERIA: FOCUSING ON THE NOSTOCACEAE (NOSTOCALES, CYANOBACTERIA)1 (2010)

To date, phylogenies have been based on known gene sequences accessible at GenBank, and the absence of many cyanobacterial lineages from collections and sequence databases has hampered their classification. Investigating new biotopes to isolate more genera and species is one way to enrich strain collections and subsequently enhance gene sequence databases. A polyphasic approach is another way of improving our understanding of the details of cyanobacterial classification. In this work, we have studied phylogenetic relationships in strains isolated from freshwater bodies in Senegal and Burkina Faso to complement existing morphological and genetic databases. By comparing 16S rDNA sequences of African strains to those of other cyanobacteria lineages, we placed them in the cyanobacterial phylogeny and confirmed their genus membership. We then focused on the Nostocaceae family by concatenated analysis of four genes (16S rDNA, het R, nif H, and rpo C1 genes) to characterize relationships among Anabaena morphospecies, in particular, Anabaena sphaerica var. tenuis G. S. West. Using a polyphasic approach to the Nostocaceae family, we demonstrate that A. sphaerica var. tenuis is more closely related to Cylindrospermospsis/Raphidiopsis than to other planktonic Anabaena/Aphanizomenon. On the basis of phylogeny and morphological data, we propose that these three significantly different clusters should be assigned to three genera.
P32.15: Prenatal diagnosis and autopsy of a case with polysplenia syndrome (2007)

Heterotaxy syndrome is a rare congenital disorder that appears in 2 different types: right isomerism (asplenia syndrome) and left isomerism (polysplenia syndrome). It occurs in approximately 0.8% of patients with congenital heart disease. Characteristics of the disease are an incomplete or inappropriate lateralisation of atria, thoracic organs and abdominal viscera; an associated hydrops can be found. We report a case of a 34-year-old gravida 2, para 1 with sonographic signs of fetal heterotaxy syndrome at the second trimester scan. Ultrasound examination revealed left isomerism with a complex heart anomaly including a ventricular septal defect and atrioventricular block, a hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, a continuing vena azygos and an interrupted inferior vena cava. The fetal liver was located in a central position. The prognosis was even worse due to a generalized hydrops. Because of the diagnosis the woman decided not to continue with the pregnancy. Labor was induced at 24 weeks of gestation after fetocide by intraamniotic instillation of 0.8 mg Digoxin. Postpartal autopsy verified the prenatal diagnosis of ventricular septal defect, left isomerism of the lungs and atrias. It also showed a venoatrial disconnection on the right side with pulmonary venous drainage into the superior vena cava and into the right atrium. In the abdomen an absent retrohepatic vena cava, pancreas in a central position, non-rotation of the intestines and eleven 4 mm-sized spleens on the left side of the body confirmed the prenatal diagnosis of left isomerism. With high resolution ultrasound it is possible to diagnose left isomerism antenatally. Paidopathologic examination is recommended to confirm the diagnosis of this complex congenital anomaly in detail.
Parallel Synthesis of Polyethylene Glycol Supported Biaryl Benzimidazoles and Imidazopyridines (1999)

The parallel synthesis of 25 biaryl 1H-benzimidazoles, 1H-imidazo[4,5-b]pyridines and 1H-imidazo[4,5-c]pyridines on soluble polyethylene glycol support is described. Polymer-esterified biaryl aldehydes were prepared in parallel fashion by coupling polymer-bound aryl halides with o-, m-, or p-formyl benzene boronic acid in a first step. Subsequently the aldehydes were treated with o-arylenediamines to form the title compounds. Nitrobenzene was used as solvent and oxidant in this one-pot conversion. The polymer support remained stable under the drastic conditions (180 °C, 3d) necessary for quantitative conversion as determined by MALDI-TOF-MS. The recovery of the polymer-bound products was good to excellent, but cleavage of the ester bond off the polymeric support (up to 33%) was observed as the main side reaction. Transesterification with sodium methanolate and subsequent purification by solid phase extraction with strongly acidic ion exchange resin and flash chromatography yielded the desired methyl ester.
Clustering using Multi-objective Genetic Algorithm and its Application to Image Segmentation (2006)

This article presents a multiobjective fuzzy genetic clustering technique employing real coded encoding of cluster centers. Recent research has shown that clustering techniques that optimize a single objective may not provide satisfactory result because no single validity measure works well on different kinds of data sets. This fact has motivated us to develop a multiobjective fuzzy genetic clustering method that optimizes multiple validity measures simultaneously. User can chose any partitioning result from the resultant set of non dominated solutions according to the problem requirements. A number of artificial and real-life data sets have been clustered using the proposed fuzzy clustering method. Also the proposed algorithm has been applied for segmentation of a remote sensing image to show its effectiveness in pixel classification.
Genome-wide methylation profiling reveals Zinc finger protein 516 (ZNF516) and FK-506-binding protein 6 (FKBP6) promoters frequently methylated in cervical neoplasia, associated with HPV status and ethnicity in a Chilean population (2013)

Cervical cancer is a major health concern among women in Latin America due to its high incidence and mortality. Therefore, the discovery of molecular markers for cervical cancer screening and triage is imperative. The aim of this study was to use a genome wide DNA methylation approach to identify novel methylation biomarkers in cervical cancer. DNA from normal cervical mucosa and cervical cancer tissue samples from Chile was enriched with Methylated DNA Immunoprecipitation (MeDIP), hybridized to oligonucleotide methylation microarrays and analyzed with a stringent bioinformatics pipeline to identify differentially methylated regions (DMRs) as candidate biomarkers. Quantitative Methylation Specific PCR (qMSP) was used to study promoter methylation of candidate DMRs in clinical samples from two independent cohorts. HPV detection and genotyping were performed by Reverse Line Blot analysis. Bioinformatics analysis revealed GGTLA4, FKBP6, ZNF516, SAP130, and INTS1 to be differentially methylated in cancer and normal tissues in the Discovery cohort. In the Validation cohort FKBP6 promoter methylation had 73% sensitivity and 80% specificity (AUC = 0.80). ZNF516 promoter methylation was the best biomarker, with both sensitivity and specificity of 90% (AUC = 0.92), results subsequently corroborated in a Prevalence cohort. Together, ZNF516 and FKBP6 exhibited a sensitivity of 84% and specificity of 81%, when considering both cohorts. Our genome wide DNA methylation assessment approach (MeDIP-chip) successfully identified novel biomarkers that differentiate between cervical cancer and normal samples, after adjusting for age and HPV status. These biomarkers need to be further explored in case-control and prospective cohorts to validate them as cervical cancer biomarkers.
Transcriptional profiling and Wnt signaling activation in proliferation of human hepatic stellate cells induced by PDGF-BB (2009)

The up-regulated expression of FZD10 and CAMK2A suggests that the Wnt/Ca(2+) signaling pathway is active in hTERT HSCs and may participate in HSC activation and proliferation.
Reversible Covalent Chemistry of CO2: An Opportunity for Nano-Structured Hybrid Organic–Inorganic Materials (2007)

A new approach to get ordered and highly amine-functionalized organosilicas is described. The method consisted of using the reversible reaction between CO2 and amines giving rise to ammonium carbamate salts. Four amine containing precursors were selected for this study: 3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane (1), 11-amino-undecyltrimethoxysilane (2), N-(2-aminoethyl)-3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane (3), and N-(6-aminohexyl)-3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane (4). CO2 reacted with 1 and 2 affording bis-silylated organosilica precursors containing ammonium carbamate salts in the core while the reaction between CO2 and 3 or 4 led to a supramolecular network of silylated ammonium carbamate salts. The hydrolytic polycondensation of these carbamate derivatives by using the sol–gel process provided hybrid materials with lamellar structure containing ammonium carbamate salts. Subsequent elimination of CO2 upon heating generated materials with free amino groups in which the long-range order was maintained. The structuration was found to be highly dependent on van der Waals interactions between the long alkylene chains. Some complexation reactions and chemical transformations were achieved to investigate the accessibility of the amino groups as well as the chelating capability of the materials.
Structural System Identification. II: Experimental Verification (1995)

The investigation reported in this paper looks into the application of a number of system-identification techniques to problems of earthquake engineering. A number of techniques for structural-system identification have been developed over the past few years. Many of these techniques have been successful at identifying properties of linearized and time-invariant equivalent structural systems. Most of these techniques were verified using mathematical models simulated on the computer. In this paper, a number of structural-identification algorithms are reviewed and applied to the identification of structural systems subjected to earthquake excitations. The algorithms are applied to experimental data obtained in controlled laboratory conditions. The data pertain to the acceleration records from two building models subjected to various loading conditions. The performance of the various identification algorithms is critically assessed, and guidelines are obtained regarding their suitability to various engineering applications.
Scalable static and dynamic community detection using Grappolo (2017)

Graph clustering, popularly known as community detection, is a fundamental kernel for several applications of relevance to the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency's (DARPA) Hierarchical Identify Verify Exploit (HIVE) Program. Clusters or communities represent natural divisions within a network that are densely connected within a cluster and sparsely connected to the rest of the network. The need to compute clustering on large scale data necessitates the development of efficient algorithms that can exploit modern architectures that are fundamentally parallel in nature. However, due to their irregular and inherently sequential nature, many of the current algorithms for community detection are challenging to parallelize. In response to the HIVE Graph Challenge, we present several parallelization heuristics for fast community detection using the Louvain method as the serial template. We implement all the heuristics in a software library called Grappolo. Using the inputs from the HIVE Challenge, we demonstrate superior performance and high quality solutions based on four parallelization heuristics. We use Grappolo on static graphs as the first step towards community detection on streaming graphs.
IL28B rs12979860 Gene Polymorphism in Egyptian Patients with Chronic Liver Disease Infected with HCV (2014)

1) IL28Brs12979860 C/T genotype is the commonest genotype in HCV-associated CH and HCC in Egypt. 2) IL28Brs12979860 polymorphisms are not associated with disease progression or aggression (histological staging, severity of fibrosis in CH or the incidence of post-HCV HCC). 3) Differences in IL28Brs12979860 genotypes could be a consequence of environmental or ethnic variation.
A Smart Antenna Simulation for (DOA) Estimation Using MUSIC and ESPRIT Algorithms (2006)

In this paper we propose an approach to design a smart antenna system that uses six-port reflectometer. This is done to detect the DOA arrival angles of five incoming RF signals using MUSIC and ESPRIT algorithms. The characteristic of each algorithm are critical in the DOA precisions. The results are deduced from the simulation of the characteristics of the system, using the advanced design system (ADS) and MATLAB
Theoretical Understanding of Enhanced Proton Energies from Laser-Cone Interactions (2010)

For the past ten years, the highest proton energies accelerated with high‐intensity lasers was 58 MeV, observed in 2000 at the LLNL NOVA Petawatt laser, using flat foil targets. Recently, 67.5 MeV protons were observed in experiments at the Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) Trident laser, using one‐fifth of the PW laser pulse energy, incident into novel conical targets. We present a focused study of new theoretical understanding of this measured enhancement from collisional Particle‐in‐Cell simulations, which shows that the hot electron temperature, number and maximum energy, responsible for the Target Normal Sheath Acceleration (TNSA) at the cone‐top, are significantly increased when the laser grazes the cone wall. This is mainly due to the extraction of electrons from the cone wall by the laser electric field, and their boost in the forward direction by the v×B term of the Lorentz force. This result is in contrast to previous predictions of optical collection and wall‐guiding of electrons in angled cones. This new wall‐grazing mechanism offers the prospect to linearly increase the hot electron temperature, and thereby the TNSA proton energy, by extending the length over which the laser interacts in a grazing fashion in suitably optimized targets. This may allow achieving much higher proton energies for interesting future applications, with smaller, lower energy laser systems that allow for a high repetition rate.
Revealing the Structural Evolution of Green Rust Synthesized in Ionic Liquids by In Situ Molecular Imaging (2020)

Abstract Ionic liquids are green solvents that have wide applications in material synthesis, catalysis, and separation. A model switchable ionic liquid (SWIL) consisting of 1,8‐diazabicycloundec‐7‐ene (DBU) and 1‐hexanol with carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) as the trigger gas is chosen to synthesize nanocrystalline green rust. Under anoxic conditions, by adding iron (II) acetate (Fe(C 2 H 3 O 2 ) 2 ) and methanol to the degassed SWIL, a nanoparticulate green rust with carbonate (nano‐GR) is synthesized. More importantly, the molecular structural change of the ionic liquid resulting in green rust crystallines is first characterized using in situ liquid using time‐of‐flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF‐SIMS) coupled with the system for analysis at the liquid vacuum interface (SALVI), a vacuum compatible microfluidic reactor in this work. Dimers and ionic clusters consisting ferric and ferrous ions are identified in liquid ToF‐SIMS spectra. Spectral principal component analysis is used to confirm that these ion pairs including dimers and cluster ions are different from nonionic liquids. The results show that liquid ToF‐SIMS can be a useful tool to study complex liquids at the molecular level providing insights into predicative synthesis of nanomaterials using environmentally friendly green solvents and giving unique visualization of the evolving material interface due to nucleation.
A human monoclonal IgG reactive with a private idiotope of a monoclonal IgM with autoantibody activity against myelin‐associated glycoprotein (1991)

One hundred and thirteen sera from patients with monoclonal IgG were tested for reactivity against a panel of 13 human monoclonal IgM having various autoantibody activities: 6 to myelin-associated glycoprotein (MAG), 2 to vimentin intermediate filament protein and 5 to red blood cell antigens [cold agglutinins with specificity directed to I antigen (3 cases), i antigen (1 case) or Pr antigen (1 case)]. One IgG was found to react with a monoclonal IgM with anti-MAG activity. This reactivity was characterized as idiotypic and directed against a private idiotope of the monoclonal IgM. This work provides further evidence for the existence of anti-idiotypic antibody activity of monoclonal Ig occurring in human B cell neoplasias.
Improving person re-identification by viewpoint cues (2014)

Re-identifying people in a network of cameras requires an invariant human representation. State of the art algorithms are likely to fail in real-world scenarios due to serious perspective changes. Most of existing approaches focus on invariant and discriminative features, while ignoring the body alignment issue. In this paper we propose 3 methods for improving the performance of person re-identification. We focus on eliminating perspective distortions by using 3D scene information. Perspective changes are minimized by affine transformations of cropped images containing the target (1). Further we estimate the human pose for (2) clustering data from a video stream and (3) weighting image features. The pose is estimated using 3D scene information and motion of the target. We validated our approach on a publicly available dataset with a network of 8 cameras. The results demonstrated significant increase in the re-identification performance over the state of the art.
Effect of compression pressure on physical properties and dissolution characteristics of disintegrating tablets of propranolol microspheres (1994)

Propranolol HC1 was encapsulated with cellulose acetate butyrate by an emulsion-solvent evaporation method. Three direct compression diluents were blended with appropriate size fractions of the microspheres and each formulation was compressed at several pressures to give tablets that readily disintegrated in water. Tablets with microcrystalline cellulose (MC) as the diluent had the highest tablet crushing strength at any given compression pressure. Heckel plots of all the microsphere-diluent blends were nonlinear, indicating that the consolidation may result from crushing and rearrangement of the individual particles in addition to plastic deformation. Tablet properties and estimated yield pressures showed that MC was the most suitable diluent for compression of propranolol HC1 microspheres. Drug release from compressed tablets was always faster than from uncompressed microspheres, but useful sustained-release characteristics were retained. Dissolution tests of MC formulations of the tableted microspheres showed increased release rate constants and decreased 50 per cent dissolution times compared to microspheres that had not been compressed. This result indicated that rupture of some of the microspheres had occurred. The drug release rate increased at higher compression pressures due to the rupture of a greater proportion of microspheres. Larger changes in release rate and t50percent were observed with larger microspheres sizes. Generally, the least compression pressure that gives tablets with acceptable properties is preferred.
Energy Scavenging in Silicon Raman Amplifiers (2006)

Continuous-wave Raman amplification in silicon waveguides with negative electrical power dissipation is reported. It is shown that a p-n junction can simultaneously achieve carrier sweep-out leading to net continuous-wave gain, and electrical power generation. The approach is also applicable to silicon Raman lasers and other third-order nonlinear optical devices.
X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy investigations of the chemistries of soils (1999)

The present study continues our x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) or electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis investigations of silicate systems, particularly those in contact with biological materials. In the present case, the investigations are extended to a detailed analysis for a wide variety of soil samples extracted from different locations around the world. The samples were selected from relatively pristine sites, pressed into wafers, and were examined without further modification. All of the materials were insulators and therefore analysis required extensive use of the electron flood gun. Careful XPS chemical shift assignments have been achieved for many silicate minerals. These have been exploited in the present study along with the detailed XPS analysis of organofunctional groups rendered by Beamson and Briggs. As a result, a fairly detailed simultaneous nondestructive description is provided of the surface of both the humus and silt components of these soil samples. Substantial variations in the composition are demonstrated and questions are raised about our classifications of fertility.
Artificial immune network-based cooperative control in collective autonomous mobile robots (2002)

In this paper, we propose a method of cooperative control based on immune system in distributed autonomous robotic system (DARS). Immune system is living body's self-protection and self-maintenance system. Thus these features can be applied to decision making of optimal swarm behavior in dynamically changing environment. For the purpose of applying the immune system to DARS, a robot is regarded as a B lymphocyte (B cell), each environmental condition as an antigen and a behavior strategy as an antibody respectively. The executing process of proposed method is as follows: when the environmental condition changes, a robot selects an appropriate behavior strategy, and its behavior strategy is stimulated and suppressed by other robot using communication. Finally, such stimulated strategy is adopted as a swarm behavior strategy. This control scheme is based on clonal selection and idiotopic network hypothesis, and it is used for decision making of an optimal swarm strategy.