gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Secure Key Renewal in WirelessHART (2011)

Abstract—WirelessHART is a wireless extension to the HART protocol. Even though WirelessHART is designed to be a secure protocol, the loopholes in the key management system makes it vulnerable to security threats. The broadcast approach for key renewal mechanisms in WirelessHART is not secure enough to be used in sensitive industrial automation environments where breach of security may result in catastrophic results. Also, key distribution with unicast communication with each device re-quiresO(n) rekeying messages, where n is the size of the network. In this paper we provide a secure and scalable key renewal protocol for WirelessHART that reduces the communication overhead to O(logn). Our protocol requires far less messages than the conventional unicast approach. I.
Cyclic guanidines. V. Synthesis of hypoglycemic 2,2- and 3,3-diphenylimidazo[1,2-.ALPHA.][1,3]diazacycloalkane derivatives. (1979)

Synthesis of 2, 2- and 3, 3-diphenylimidazo [1, 2-a] [1, 3] diazacycloalkane derivatives (4) and (5) was attempted. The cyclization of 2-(ω-chloroalkylimino)-4, 4-diphenylimidazolidines (3) was not advantageous because it gave a mixture of 4 and 5 in low yield. 5, 5-Diphenylhydantoin (6) was alkylated at the N3 or O2 position and successive reduction of the remained carbonyl group of the products resulted in success. The 3-N-alkylated compounds (14) prepared from 6 selectively gave 4. The 2-O-ethyl derivative (19) afforded 2-(ω-chloroalkylimino) derivatives (21). Heating 21 gave 2-oxo-bicyclic guanidines (22), and treatment of 21 with sodium hydride yielded 3-oxo-bicyclic guanidines (17) in good yield, respectively. Sodium bis (2-methoxyethoxy) aluminum hydride reduction of 17 and 22, having a carbonyl group in the molecule, gave 4 and 5, respectively. Under the same conditions, N-methyl-2-oxo- or 3-oxo-bicyclic guanidines (18) and (28) gave partially reduced products. The bicyclic guanidines (4) and (5) showed potent hypoglycemic activity.
Perinatal antibiotic treatment affects murine microbiota, immune responses and allergic asthma (2013)

There is convincing evidence from recent human and animal studies that suggests the intestinal microbiota plays an important role in regulating immune responses associated with the development of allergic asthma, particularly during early infancy. Although identifying the mechanistic link between host-microbe interactions in the gut and lung mucosal tissues has proved challenging, several very recent studies are now providing significant insights. We have shown that administering vancomycin to mice early in life shifts resident gut flora and enhances future susceptibility to allergic asthma. This effect was not observed in mice given another antibiotic, streptomycin, nor when either antibiotic was administered to adult mice. In this addendum, we further analyze the link between early life administration of vancomycin and future susceptibility to asthma and describe how specific immune cell populations, which have been implicated in other asthma-related microbiota studies, are affected. We propose that shifts in gut microbiota exacerbate asthma-related immune responses when they occur shortly after birth and before weaning (perinatal period), and suggest that these effects may be mediated, at least in the case of vancomycin, by elevated serum IgE and reduced regulatory T cell populations.
Ubiquitously specific protease 4 inhibitor‐Vialinin A attenuates inflammation and fibrosis in S100‐induced hepatitis mice through Rheb/mTOR signalling (2020)

Inflammation and fibrosis are major consequences of autoimmune hepatitis, however, the therapeutic mechanism remains to be investigated. USP4 is a deubiquitinating enzyme and plays an important role in tissue fibrosis and immune disease. Vialinin A is an extract from mushroom and is a specific USP4 inhibitor. However, there is lack of evidences that Vialinin A plays a role in autoimmune hepatitis. By employing S100-induced autoimmune hepatitis in mice and AML12 cell line, therapeutic mechanism of Vialinin A was examined. Inflammation was documented by liver histological staining and inflammatory cytokines. Fibrosis was demonstrated by Masson, Sirius red staining and fibrotic cytokines with western blot and real-time RT-PCR. In experimental animal, there were increases in inflammation and fibrosis as well as USP4, and which were reduced after treatment of Vialinin A. Vialinin A also reduced Rheb and phosphorylated mTOR. Moreover, in LPS-treated AML12 cells, LPS-induced USP4, inflammatory and fibrotic cytokines, phosphorylated mTOR and Rheb. Specific inhibitory siRNA of USP4 reduced USP4 level and the parameters mentioned above. In conclusion, USP4 was significantly elevated in autoimmune hepatitis mice and Vialinin A reduced USP4 level and attenuate inflammation and fibrosis in the liver. The mechanism may be related to regulation of Rheb/mTOR signalling.
Combination of amphotericin B and chitosan platelets for the treatment of experimental cutaneous leishmaniasis: Histological and immunohistochemical examinations (2019)

Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is a chronic infectious disease caused by protozoa of the genus Leishmania. Although amphotericin B-deoxycholate (AmB-DOC) showed its ability to partially cure the infection after intravenous administration, it can lead to dose-limiting side-effects (mainly nephorotoxicity). Previous data from our group showed that chitosan particles with typical flat surfaces, called platelets acted as a booster of AmB-DOC activity against Candida albicans and C. glabrata. Platelets were obtained by a hierarchical self-assembly process between chitosan hydrophobically-modified with oleic acid and α-cyclodextrin in water. The objective of this work is to investigate whether chitosan platelets are active against CL, alone or in combination with AmB-DOC. In vitro evaluations showed that platelets exhibited intrinsic antiparasitic activity, while native chitosan was inactive. When combined with AmB-DOC, chitosan platelets exerted an additive effect against Leishmania major amastigote (Fractional inhibitory concentration index FICI = 1.213). Histological and immunohistochemical examinations of skin lesions of mice infected with L. major and treated with the combination showed a significant decrease of the inflammatory granuloma and a reduction of the parasitic load, in comparison with AmB-DOC alone. Our work provides histological and immunohistochemical evidences that the combination of chitosan platelets and AmB could be considered as a strategy to cure CL.
Particle-by-particle quantification of protein adsorption onto poly(ethylene glycol) grafted surfaces (2008)

The use and advantage of flow cytometry as a particle-by-particle, low sampling volume, high-throughput screening technique for quantitatively examining the non-specific adsorption of proteins onto surfaces is presented. The adsorption of three proteins: bovine serum albumin (BSA), immunoglobulin gamma (IgG) and protein G, incubated at room temperature for 2 h onto organosilica particles modified with poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) of increasing MW (2000, 3400, 6000, 10,000 and 20,000 g mol(-1)) and grafted amounts (0.14-1.4 mg m(-2)) was investigated as a model system. Each protein exhibited Langmuir-like, high affinity monolayer limited adsorption on unmodified particles with the proteins reaching surface saturation at 1.8, 4.0 and 2.5 mg m(-2) for BSA, IgG and protein G, respectively. Protein adsorption on PEG-modified surfaces was found to decrease with increasing amounts of grafted polymer. PEG grafting amounts >0.6 mg m(-2) effectively prevented the adsorption of the larger two proteins (BSA and IgG) while a PEG grafting amount >1.3 mg m(-2) was required to prevent the adsorption of the smaller protein G.
Distributed Adaptive Control for Multi-Agent Systems with Pseudo Higher Order Neural Net (2012)

The idea of using multi-agent systems is becoming more popular every day. It not only saves time and resources but also eliminates much of the human workload. These ideas are especially effective in the combat zone, where multiple unmanned aerial vehicles can achieve simultaneous objectives or targets. The evolution of distributed control started with a simple integrator systems, and then different control methodologies have been adopted for more and more complex nonlinear systems. In addition, from a practical standpoint, the dynamics of the agents involved in networked control architecture might not be identical. Therefore, an ideal distributed control should accommodate multiple agents that are nonlinear systems associated with unknown dynamics. In this chapter, a distributed control methodology is presented where nonidentical nonlinear agents communicate among themselves following directed graph topology. In addition, the nonlinear dynamics are considered unknown. While the pinning control strategy has been adopted to distribute the input command among the agents, a Pseudo Higher Order Neural Net (PHONN)-based identification strategy is introduced for identifying the unknown dynamics. These two strategies are combined beautifully so that the stability of the system is assured even with minimum interaction among the agents. A detailed stability analysis is presented based on the Lyapunov theory, and a simulation study is performed to verify the theoretical claims.
Generation of a Novel Saccharomyces cerevisiae Strain That Exhibits Strong Maltose Utilization and Hyperosmotic Resistance Using Nonrecombinant Techniques (2001)

A yeast strain capable of leavening both unsugared and sweet bread dough efficiently would reduce the necessity of carrying out the expensive procedure of producing multiple baker's yeast strains. But issues involving the use of genetically modified foods have rendered the use of recombinant techniques for developing yeast strains controversial. Therefore, we used strong selection and screening systems in conjunction with traditional mass mating techniques to develop a strain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae that efficiently leavens both types of dough.
Vascular insulin resistance in cerebral arteries of Zucker obese rats is mediated by uncoupled eNOS and NADPH oxidase (2008)

Insulin resistance (IR) is a risk factor for cerebrovascular disease. We evaluated the responses to insulin in isolated cerebral arteries from Zucker obese rats (ZO) with IR and lean rats (ZL). Insulin responses were determined in the presence and absence of endothelium, inhibitors of calcium‐activated K + channels (K Ca ), NOS and NADPH oxidase (iberiotoxin, L‐NAME and apocynin, respectively). Insulin induced only vasodilation in ZL while a biphasic response with an initial constriction followed by a diminished dilation was observed in ZO (‰ maximal relaxation: 52±10 in ZL vs. 13±8 in ZO, p&lt;0.05). Iberiotoxin abolished vasodilation to insulin in both groups. In ZL, L‐NAME promoted vasoconstriction to insulin while apocynin had no effect. In ZO, insulin induced vasoconstriction was reduced by L‐NAME and apocynin. Endothelial denudation diminished vasodilation to insulin in ZL while ZO were unaffected, suggesting an endothelium independent vasodilation in ZL. Thus, insulin induced vasodilation in cerebral arteries was mediated by endothelium, NO and K Ca channels. Insulin caused abnormal vasoconstriction and diminished vasodilation in ZO that may be due to oxidative stress from uncoupled eNOS and NADPH oxidase. Support: NIH grants HL‐030260, HL‐065380, HL‐077731.
Exceptionally Stable, Hollow Tubular Metal−Organic Architectures:  Synthesis, Characterization, and Solid-State Transformation Study (2004)

An effective solvothermal procedure has been developed to synthesize the new three-dimensional metal-organic framework, [ZnF(AmTAZ)].solvents, using either 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole (AmTAZ) or 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole-5-carboxylic acid (AmTAZAc) and a choice of several Zn(II) salts as starting materials. The three-dimensional structure displays open-ended, hollow nanotubular channels that are formed by hexanuclear metallamacrocyclic Zn(6)F(6)(AmTAZ)(6) rings. The framework integrity is maintained to 350 degrees C, at which point most of the guest solvent molecules have been removed, as evidenced by single-crystal X-ray analyses, (1)H solid-state NMR, and TGA measurements. At higher temperatures, the framework is converted either to zinc oxide (ZnO) when heated in air or to zinc cyanamide (ZnCN(2)) when heated in an inert atmosphere. In both cases, the as-grown, rodlike crystal shape is maintained during the solid-state transformation, suggesting a possible route for preparing one-dimensional crystalline nanomaterials.
Molecular diagnosis of cerebral toxoplasmosis: comparing markers that determine Toxoplasma gondii by PCR in peripheral blood from HIV-infected patients (2010)

As cerebral toxoplasmosis is the most common cerebral focal lesion in AIDS patients, this study evaluated three PCR markers for diagnosis, since some limitations remain present, such as low parasite levels in some clinical samples. The molecular markers were B22-B23 and Tg1-Tg2 (based on the B1 gene) and Tox4-Tox5 (non-coding fragment, repeated 200-300-fold). DNA samples from 102 AIDS patients with previously known diagnosis were analyzed. The cerebral toxoplasmosis group was constituted of DNA extracted from the blood of 66 AIDS patients, which was collected before or until the third day of the therapy for toxoplasmosis. DNA from the blood of 36 AIDS patients with other neurologic opportunistic infections was used as control group. Sensitivities of B22-B23, Tg1-Tg2, and Tox4-Tox5 markers were of 95.5%, 93.9%, and 89.3%, respectively. In the control group, the specificities were of 97.2% (B22-B23), 88.9% (Tg1-Tg2), and 91.7% (Tox4-Tox5). The association of at least two markers increased the PCR sensitivity and specificity. The concordance index between two markers varied from 83.3% to 93.1%. These data demonstrated that all markers evaluated here were highly sensitive for T. gondii determination, although B22-B23 has been shown to be the best. The association of two markers increases PCR sensitivity, but the procedure was more expensive and time-consuming.
On Learning Text Style Transfer with Direct Rewards (2020)

In most cases, the lack of parallel corpora makes it impossible to directly train supervised models for the text style transfer task. In this paper, we explore training algorithms that instead optimize reward functions that explicitly consider different aspects of the style-transferred outputs. In particular, we leverage semantic similarity metrics originally used for fine-tuning neural machine translation models to explicitly assess the preservation of content between system outputs and input texts. We also investigate the potential weaknesses of the existing automatic metrics and propose efficient strategies of using these metrics for training. The experimental results show that our model provides significant gains in both automatic and human evaluation over strong baselines, indicating the effectiveness of our proposed methods and training strategies.
The draft nuclear genome assembly of Eucalyptus pauciflora : a pipeline for comparing de novo assemblies (2020)

We report a draft genome of E. pauciflora, which will be a valuable resource for further genomic studies of eucalypts. The approaches for assessing and comparing genomes should help in assessing and choosing among many potential genome assemblies from a single dataset.
Neural regulation of the vas deferens in the rat: an electrophysiological analysis (1992)

Electrophysiological analysis of the neural control of the vas deferens was performed in urethan-anesthetized rats. Intraluminal distension (0.2 ml/min) or electrical stimulation of hypogastric (threshold 1-5 V, 20 Hz) and pelvic nerves (2-5 V, 20 Hz) produced contractions of the vas deferens. Distension-evoked contractile activity was not abolished by nicotinic ganglionic blockade or ipsilateral hypogastric and pelvic nerve transection. Contractions following hypogastric nerve stimulation were abolished by prazosin, while pelvic nerve-evoked responses were partially blocked by atropine. Hypogastric nerve, pelvic nerve, and sympathetic chain stimulation evoked volleys with latencies of 10-30 ms in vasal nerves. Crude estimates for conduction velocities for these responses (less than 0.5 m/s) corresponded to activation of unmyelinated C-fibers. Stimulation of the dorsal nerve of the penis (DNP) (10-16 V, 10-40 Hz) or administration of 5-methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine, both of which produce seminal emission, elicited reflex discharges in nerves to the vas deferens. Hypogastric nerve but not pelvic nerve transection abolished both spontaneous and evoked (105- to 380-ms latency) reflex activity. These experiments provide insight into the organization of afferents in the DNP and efferents conveyed by autonomic pathways that regulate male reproduction.
Fish Oil and the Management of Hypertriglyceridemia (2009)

Hypertriglyceridemia, regarded as one of the independent clinical markers of metabolic syndrome, is a frequently observed disorder that has been shown to be common in the Arab region. Epidemiologic and clinical trials demonstrated that omega-3 fatty acids have the potential to reduce the incidence of cardiovascular disease (CVD); one of the mechanisms by which this effect is achieved is through reducing plasma triglyceride levels. There is strong scientific evidence from human trials that omega-3 fatty acids from either fish or fish oil supplements significantly reduce blood triglyceride levels and these benefits appear to be dose-dependent. The active ingredients of fish oils include the long chain fatty acids EPA and DHA. The ideal amount of omega-3 fatty acid that should be incorporated into the diet without provoking detrimental effects on other lipid components such as decreasing HDL-C and/or increasing LDL-C has not yet been elucidated. Presently, a prescription form of omega-3 fatty acid has been approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration (USFDA) as an adjunct to the diet for the treatment of very high triglyceride levels (> or = 500 mg/dl) in adults. Patients with hypertriglyceridemia have been shown to respond well to the use of omega-3 fatty acids even when used in conjunction with statins where greater improvements in the lipid profile were found as compared to treatment with statins alone. A determinant of the responsiveness to fish oil could be attributed to the ApoE genotype of individuals.
Cdc42-mTOR Signaling Pathway Controls Hes5 and Pax6 Expression in Retinoic Acid-dependent Neural Differentiation (2008)

The conditional knockout of the small GTPase Cdc42 from neuroepithelial (NE) and radial glial (RG) cells in the mouse telencephalon has been shown to have a significant impact on brain development by causing these neural progenitor cells to detach from the apical/ventricular surface and to lose their cell identity. This has been attributed to the requirement for Cdc42 in establishing proper apical/basal cell polarity and cell-cell adhesions. In the present study, we provide new insights into the role played by Cdc42 in the maintenance of neural progenitor cells, using the mouse embryonal carcinoma P19 cell line as a model system. We show that the ability of P19 cells to undergo the transition from an Oct3/4-positive, undifferentiated status to microtubule-associated protein 2-positive neurons and glial fibrillary acidic protein-positive astrocytes, upon treatment with retinoic acid (RA), requires RA-induced activation of Cdc42 during the neural cell lineage specification phase. Experiments using chemical inhibitors and RNA interference suggest that the actions of Cdc42 are mediated through signaling pathways that start with fibroblast growth factors and Delta/Notch proteins and lead to Cdc42-dependent mTOR activation, culminating in the up-regulation of Hes5 and Pax6, two transcription factors that are essential for the maintenance of NE and RG cells. The constitutively active Cdc42(F28L) mutant was sufficient to up-regulate Hes5 and Pax6 in P19 cells, even in the absence of RA treatment, ultimately promoting their transition to neural progenitor cells. The ectopic Cdc42 expression also significantly augmented the RA-dependent up-regulation of these transcription factors, resulting in P19 cells maintaining their neural progenitor status but being unable to undergo terminal differentiation. These findings shed new light on how Cdc42 influences neural progenitor cell fate by regulating gene expression.
Towards solar cells with black silicon texturing passivated by a-Si:H (2018)

We introduce surfaces of black silicon (bSi) fabricated by reactive ion etch (RIE) and passivated by hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a-Si:H). We demonstrate minority effective lifetime over 1.5 ms for the best bSi surfaces, corresponding to over 700 mV of implied open circuit voltage, values higher than on reference surfaces prepared by KOH etching. Fabrication of solar cells resulted in promising efficiency of 16.1 % for bSi as compared to 18.5 % for KOH references. Quantum efficiency measurements revealed that the bSi cells lose approximately 0.5 mA cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-2</sup> of current density in the visible and of 0.8-1 mA cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-2</sup> in the infrared (IR) region. Current work is ongoing to further reduce surface damage during RIE to maximize the open circuit voltage and to optimize the deposition of a-Si:H on our bSi in order to reduce the loss in current density.
Quantitative Specifications to Avoid Degradation during E-Beam and Induced Current Microscopy of Halide Perovskite Devices (2020)

Copyright © 2020 American Chemical Society. Degradation due to electron beam exposure has posed a challenge in the use of electron microscopy to probe halide perovskite materials and devices. In this study, the interaction between the electron beam and the perovskite across acceleration voltages and at low probe currents is investigated in a scanning electron microscope (SEM) by monitoring the electron-beam-induced current (EBIC) response in perovskite solar cells in a plan-view configuration. SEM probe conditions are identified where dozens of repeated scans over a single region of the perovskite solar cell induce minimal electronic degradation. Overall, the induced current response of the perovskite device is found to strongly depend upon the beam condition: Rapid decay occurs at high beam powers, the current activates at the lowest beam powers, and a newfound quasi-steady response is revealed at intermediate beam conditions. A quantitative window for the successful conduction of e-beam studies with minimal electronic degradation is revealed by evaluating induced current response over a wide range of perovskite devices, which invites broader use of SEM-based characterization techniques, including EBIC, as powerful techniques for correlative microscopy investigations.
Méthode d'analyse de liaison génétique pour des familles dans lesquelles il y a de l'hétérogénéité non-allélique intra-familiale (2005)

Dans cet ouvrage, une méthode d'analyse de liaison génétique qui tient compte de\nl'hétérogénéité non-allélique est développée. Nous proposons une modification à l'analyse\nà un locus par le modèle de Smith qui tient compte de l'hétérogénéité inter-familiale\nafin de s'adapter à la présence d'hétérogénéité intra-familiale. Notre approche consiste\nd'abord à décomposer des familles tri-générationnelles en branches individuelles, soit\nen familles bi-générationnelles. Par cette décomposition, l'hétérogénéité intra-familiale\nest "transformée" en hétérogénéité inter-familiale. Les familles bi-générationnelles sont\nensuite analysées à l'aide d'un locus et du modèle de Smith.\nLa puissance de la méthode proposée est comparée à celle de plusieurs autres analyses,\nnotamment à celle de l'analyse des familles tri-générationnelles lorsqu'il y a\nhétérogénéité intra-familiale. On vérifie également si le découpage des familles fait gonfler la proportion d'erreurs de type I.