gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Atomic-Scale Recognition of Surface Structure and Intercalation Mechanism of Ti3C2X (2015)

MXenes represent a large family of functionalized two-dimensional (2D) transition-metal carbides and carbonitrides. However, most of the understanding on their unique structures and applications stops at the theoretical suggestion and lack of experimental support. Herein, the surface structure and intercalation chemistry of Ti3C2X are clarified at the atomic scale by aberration-corrected scanning transmission electron microscope (STEM) and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The STEM studies show that the functional groups (e.g., OH(-), F(-), O(-)) and the intercalated sodium (Na) ions prefer to stay on the top sites of the centro-Ti atoms and the C atoms of the Ti3C2 monolayer, respectively. Double Na-atomic layers are found within the Ti3C2X interlayer upon extensive Na intercalation via two-phase transition and solid-solution reactions. In addition, aluminum (Al)-ion intercalation leads to horizontal sliding of the Ti3C2X monolayer. On the basis of these observations, the previous monolayer surface model of Ti3C2X is modified. DFT calculations using the new modeling help to understand more about their physical and chemical properties. These findings enrich the understanding of the MXenes and shed light on future material design and applications. Moreover, the Ti3C2X exhibits prominent rate performance and long-term cycling stability as an anode material for Na-ion batteries.
Femoral Shaft Fracture Treatment in Patients Age 6 to 16 Years (1999)

Traction followed by spica casting, the one method used to treat femoral shaft fractures in children that was used in the past, has given way to a multiplicity of methods today. To evaluate the morbidity and costs of these various methods, 85 fractures in 81 patients age six to 16 years were evaluated. Early spica casting gave excellent results with low complications and low costs. All surgical treatments cost approximately the same: 3 times the cost of early spica casting and equivalent to traction followed by spica casting. Intramedullary flexible rods resulted in quicker healing and return to full weight bearing than did external fixation, which had the highest complication rate. One case of avascular necrosis in an 11-year-old girl treated with a reamed intramedullary rod suggests that this method is best reserved for children at or near skeletal maturity.
Increased Hepatic Cell Proliferation and Lung Abnormalities in Mice Deficient in CCAAT/Enhancer Binding Protein α (1996)

CCAAT/enhancer binding protein alpha (C/EBPalpha) is a transcription factor that has been implicated in the regulation of cell-specific gene expression mainly in hepatocytes and adipocytes but also in several other terminally differentiated cells. It has been previously demonstrated that the C/EBPalpha protein is functionally indispensable, as inactivation of the C/EBPalpha gene by homologous recombination in mice results in the death of animals homozygous for the mutation shortly after birth (Wang, N., Finegold, M. J., Bradley, A., Ou, C. N., Abdelsayed, S. V., Wilde, M. D., Taylor, L. R., Wilson, D. R., and Darlington, G. J. (1995) Science 269, 1108-1112). Here we show that C/EBPalpha -1-mice have defects in the control of hepatic growth and lung development. The liver architecture is disturbed, with acinar formation, in a pattern suggestive of either regenerating liver or pseudoglandular hepatocellular carcinoma. Pulmonary histology shows hyperproliferation of type II pneumocytes and disturbed alveolar architecture. At the molecular level, accumulation of glycogen and lipids in the liver and adipose tissues is impaired, and the mutant animals are severely hypoglycemic. Levels of c-myc and c-jun RNA are specifically induced by several fold in the livers of the C/EBPalpha -/- animals, indicating an active proliferative stage. Furthermore, immunohistologic detection with an antibody to proliferating cell nuclear antigen/cyclin shows a 5-10 times higher frequency of positively stained hepatocytes in C/EBPalpha -/- liver. These results suggest a critical role for C/EBPalpha in vivo for the acquisition of terminally differentiated functions in liver including the maintenance of physiologic energy homeostasis.
Evaluation of shear modulus of structural timber utilizing dynamic excitation and FE analysis (2012)

Evaluation of shear modulus of structural timber utilizing dynamic excitation and FE analysis
Absence of a late-phase response or increase in histamine responsiveness after bronchial provocation with adenosine 5′-monophosphate in atopic and non-atopic asthma (1988)

1. Adenosine 5'-monophosphate (AMP) causes bronchoconstriction in atopic and non-atopic asthma by a mechanism believed to involve histamine release from airway mast cells. To determine whether preformed mast cell mediators, principally histamine, can initiate a late-phase bronchoconstriction we have investigated the effect on the airways over a 24 h period of a single bronchial challenge with AMP. 2. Six atopic asthmatic subjects (all late responders to inhaled allergen) and six non-atopic asthmatic subjects were studied on two occasions for a 24 h period after inhalation of the provocation concentration of AMP required to produce a 20% fall in forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) from baseline (PC20) and 0.9% (w/v) sodium chloride placebo, respectively. The atopic asthmatic subjects were studied on a further occasion after challenge with the PC20 allergen. 3. Inhalation of the PC20 AMP resulted in an immediate fall in FEV1 to a mean maximum 25.5% below baseline without resulting in any late decrease in airway calibre. No significant increase in non-specific bronchial responsiveness as determined by measuring the PC20 histamine before, and at 3, 9 and 24 h after, AMP challenge, occurred. Inhalation of the PC20 allergen caused a reproducible late-phase bronchoconstriction and increase in non-specific bronchial responsiveness in all the atopic asthmatic subjects studied. 4. These results suggest that preformed mast cell mediators, principally histamine, play no role in the initiation of the late-phase reaction in allergen-provoked asthma, although they may contribute to the inflammatory changes involved.
Spread and Skepticism (2015)

Social media has become part of modern news reporting, used by journalists to spread information and find sources, or as a news source by individuals. The quest for prominence and recognition on sites like Twitter can sometimes eclipse accuracy and lead to the spread of false information. Could we use the so-called "wisdom of crowds" to predict the likelihood that a claim may be true or false? This paper, part of ongoing research, offers evidence that most false claims do not spread like true ones, and that the reaction of the audience to a claim on Twitter is correlated with its validity.
Effective field theory interactions for liquid argon target in DarkSide-50 experiment (2020)

We reanalyze data collected with the DarkSide-50 experiment and recently used to set limits on the spin-independent interaction rate of weakly interacting massive particles (WIMPs) on argon nuclei with an effective field theory framework. The dataset corresponds to a total $(16660\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}270)\text{ }\mathrm{kg}\text{ }\mathrm{d}$ exposure using a target of low-radioactivity argon extracted from underground sources. We obtain upper limits on the effective couplings of the 12 leading operators in the nonrelativistic systematic expansion. For each effective coupling we set constraints on WIMP-nucleon cross sections, setting upper limits between $2.4\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}45}\text{ }\text{ }{\mathrm{cm}}^{2}$ and $2.3\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}42}\text{ }\text{ }{\mathrm{cm}}^{2}$ ($8.9\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}45}\text{ }\text{ }{\mathrm{cm}}^{2}$ and $6.0\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}42}\text{ }\text{ }{\mathrm{cm}}^{2}$) for WIMPs of mass of $100\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{GeV}/{\mathrm{c}}^{2}$ ($1000\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{GeV}/{\mathrm{c}}^{2}$) at 90% confidence level.
An improved distributed dynamic channel assignment scheme for dense WLANs (2007)

The popularity of wireless local area networks (WLANs) has resulted in their dense deployment in many cities around the world. The increased interference among different WLANs severely degrades the throughput achievable. This problem has been further exacerbated by the limited number of frequency channels available. An improved distributed and dynamic channel assignment scheme that is simple to implement and does not depend on the knowledge of the throughput function is proposed in this work. It also allows each access point (AP) to asynchronously switch to the new best channel. Simulation results show that our proposed scheme converges much faster than similar previously reported work, with a reduction in convergence time and channel switches as much as 77.3% and 52.3% respectively. When it is employed in dynamic environments, the throughput improves by up to 12.7%.
On Decision Diagrams for Maximally Asymmetric Functions (2022)

Maximally asymmetric functions are multiple-valued functions such that “asymmetry” defined by the minimum Hamming distance from symmetric functions is maximum. While many studies on symmetric functions have been reported, few studies on maximally asymmetric functions have been reported. It is said that maximally asymmetric functions can be promising for applications such as CDMA communication and encryption, due to randomness of the functions. To promote related studies, providing benchmark maximally asymmetric functions in compact form is important. This paper focuses on decision diagrams as compact form of maximally asymmetric functions, and shows sizes of popular decision diagrams for the functions. This paper also presents a method to randomly generate benchmark maximally asymmetric functions represented by the decision diagrams.
Blinking suppression and biexcitonic emission in thick-shell CdSe/CdS nanocrystals at cryogenic temperature (2014)

The fluorescence of single colloidal thick-shell CdSe/CdS nanocrystals (NCs), at cryogenic temperature (4 K) and room temperature (RT), is studied using the intensity autocorrelation function (ACF) and lifetime measurements. The radiative and Auger decay rates corresponding to the desexcitation of the charged biexcitonic state are determined through an original method of photon postselection. Especially, the charged biexciton quantum yield increases from about 15% at RT to 60% at 4 K. The high inhibition of Auger recombination already observed for the trion state of CdSe/CdS NCs at low temperature is also demonstrated for the charged biexcitonic state. At 4 K, the ACF is equal to 1 for time scales ranging from 50 ns to 200 ms. In contrast with RT operation, the intensity of the trion emission is then perfectly stable and no blinking is observed. All the results highlight the strong confinement of the charge carriers in the CdSe core.
Structural Equivalence of Br and I Halogen Bonds: A Route to Isostructural Materials with Controllable Properties (2008)

The structural equivalence of halogen-bonded iodine and bromine functionalities has been systematically explored as a general tool to construct isostructural cocrystal architectures with differing strengths of the constituent halogen bonds. By using acridine and phenazine as halogen bond acceptors, the structural equivalence of Br and I donors was tested for cocrystals based on discrete (0-dimensional) or infinite (1-dimensional chain) supramolecular topologies. In addition to being robust to changes in the topology of halogen-bonded assembly, this structural equivalence was also persistent in the presence of weak intermolecular hydrogen bonding of C−H···N type. The potential application of structurally equivalent I and Br donors in the design of molecular materials is illustrated by constructing pairs of solids that exhibit differing melting point, stability, and crystal morphology, although based on identical halogen-bonded architectures.
The Backward Problem in Plasma-Assisted Combustion: Experiments of Nanosecond Pulsed Discharges Driven by Flames (2023)

Plasma technologies are a promising way of addressing a number of challenges in combustion, ranging from stabilization and flame-holding for hypersonic vehicles, to enabling low-emissions propulsion and power. Whereas most works in the literature have centered on the forward problem: the impact of the plasma on different combustion metrics, including static and dynamic flame stabilization; fewer studies have been devoted to the backward problem: or the significance of having a strongly inhomogeneous environment, often unsteady in time, on the discharge characteristics. In this perspectives article, the backward problem is addressed in a hierarchical manner. First, the implications of the discharge proceeding in an inhomogeneous background gas, with gradients in density and composition, and nonuniform flows, are discussed. Next, these foundation experiments are used as elementary building blocks to explain experiments of nanosecond pulsed discharges in dynamic combustion environments, including a transient laminar flame and a combustor undergoing dynamics. Finally, the strong coupling between the forward and backward problem is illustrated with an imaging study, using transparent electrodes, of a mesoscale premixed flame and a nanosecond pulsed dielectric barrier discharge. The experiments demonstrate the importance of considering the pulse-to-pulse evolution due to changes in the background environment when using plasma assistance in unsteady combustion processes, including active control of combustion dynamics.
Talking faces (2000)

We present a method to generate mouth animations coupled with moderate movements of the head. Our method uses a coarse 2D textured mesh representation of images. With hardware texture mapping, we obtain 30 frames/sec animations on modest PC platforms. The synthesized animation sequence is realistic and lively. Radial basis functions are used in the underlying animation engine. At each phoneme transition, the positions of the mesh nodes are determined by RBF coefficients associated with a set of sparse feature points. Blending textures from key frame images on the displaced mesh produces animation sequences of talking faces.
Handbook of Fillers (1999)

Handbook of Fillers, Fourth Edition, discusses the rapidly advancing field of fillers, the substances added to plastics and composites that add value by improving and modifying the properties of materials and reducing costs. This new edition is an essential reference for engineers and scientists using fillers in a range of materials, including plastics, rubber, adhesives, and paper. The book is designed to be a comprehensive reference for both experienced practitioners and those new to fields where fillers are used. It covers available fillers and their properties, their effect on filled materials, such as mechanical properties, rheology, morphology, flammability, and recycling, and their use in practical applications. In particular, this new edition provides extensive coverage of nanofillers, along with the practical information needed to deploy these new technologies in the real world. The book includes the latest advances in filler technology, with consolidated technical information from over 4,000 research papers, data from over 160 filler and equipment manufacturers, and a thorough review of the patent literature
Hydrogenation of a Rhodium Peroxido Complex by Formate Derivatives: Mechanistic Studies and the Catalytic Formation of H2O2 from O2 (2012)

Hydrierung von Disauerstoff: Der Rhodiumperoxidokomplex 1, erzeugt aus 2 und Disauerstoff, kann mit Diwasserstoffquellen unter Bildung von Wasserstoffperoxid reduziert werden. In einem Katalyseexperiment bei Normaldruck und Raumtemperatur wurde Wasserstoffperoxid in Gegenwart von 1 aus Disauerstoff und Ammoniumformiat erhalten (siehe Schema). Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Robustness Enhancement of the Floating NBL BCD Architecture: Parasitics Suppression and Addition of Partially Isolated Diode for Localized Voltage Control (2021)

The isolation capabilities of the Floating N-type Buried Layer (NBL) architecture are discussed and explained in reference to connected NBL. The non-deterministic NBL potential requires new considerations for lateral and vertical parasitics. These parasitics have been characterized and optimized to allow safe high voltage designs. The authors discuss dependencies of isolation capabilities with aspects like: anti-series diodes that are constructed from the NBL to the P-Epi upward and from the NBL to the P-substrate downward, parasitic bipolar gain and emitter injection efficiency in conjunction with SCR effects for cases where N-body is added to the stack, and the addition of lateral isolation to DTI to prevent a path for parasitic MOS along the DTI walls. Finally, it is shown how an isolated diode with Medium Trench Isolation (MTI) can be used to control the NBL potential to serve as a shield against electron injection from the substrate and to add additional robustness for SCR triggering.
Traveling Wave Tubes (2014)

The traveling wave tube (TWT) is a vacuum device invented in the early 1940s for amplification of radio frequency (RF) power. The TWT amplifies by converting kinetic energy from an electron beam to an RF electromagnetic wave. Because of their high power, broad bandwidth, compact size, and high efficiency, TWTs are used in communications, radar, jamming, decoy applications, spectroscopy, remote sensing and materials processing. Although solid state devices are used almost universally in low power, low frequency electronic applications, particularly in digital electronics, vacuum electron devices retain an important niche where high power, reliability, and efficiency are required in high frequency applications.
The Use of Permutation Entropy to Characterize Sleep Electroencephalograms (2011)

This work proposes the use of Permutation Entropy (PE), a measure of time-series complexity, to characterize electroencephalogram (EEG) signals recorded during sleep. Such a measure could provide information concerning the different sleep stages and, thus, be utilized as an additional aid to obtain sleep staging information. PE has been estimated for artifact-free 30s segments from more than 80 hours of EEG records obtained from 16 subjects during all-night recordings, from which the mean PE for each sleep stage was obtained. It was found that different sleep stages are characterized by significantly different PE values, which track the physiological changes in the complexity of the EEG signals observed at the different sleep stages. This finding encourages the use of PE as an additional aide to either visual or automated sleep staging.
Hybrid modes in a single thermally excited asymmetric dimer antenna (2021)

The study of hybrid modes in a single dimer of neighboring antennas is an essential step to optimize the far-field electromagnetic (EM) response of large-scale metasurfaces or any complex antenna structure made up of subwavelength building blocks. Here we present far-field infrared spatial modulation spectroscopy (IR-SMS) measurements of a single thermally excited asymmetric dimer of square metal-insulator-metal (MIM) antennas separated by a nanometric gap. Through thermal fluctuations, all the EM modes of the antennas are excited, and hybrid bonding and anti-bonding modes can be observed simultaneously. We study the latter within a plasmon hybridization model, and analyze their effect on the far-field response.
Reexamination of the Female Sex Pheromone of the Peach Twig Borer: Field Screening of Minor Constituents of Pheromone Gland Extracts and of Pheromone Analogs (1992)

Several minor constituents in extracts of female peach twig borer, Anarsia lineatella Zeller, pheromone glands have been identified as decyl acetate, (E)- and (Z)-4- decenyl acetate, and (E, E)3,5- and (Z, E)3,5-decadienyl acetate. Decyl acetate and (E)-4- decenyl acetate were also identified in effiuvia from live female moths. None of the identified compounds enhanced the attractiveness of the standard blend of (E)-5-decenol and (E)-5-decenyl acetate (19:81) in field tests. However, the analogous compounds (E)-6- decenyl acetate and (E)-7-decenyl acetate were identified as behavioral antagonists, and strongly suppressed trap captures. When the contents of various commercial pheromone lures and mating disruption devices were analyzed, one batch of lures that performed very poorly in field tests was found to contain the inhibitory compound (E)-6-decenyl acetate.
Supplementary Data from Disruption of DNA Repair and Survival Pathways through Heat Shock Protein Inhibition by Onalespib to Sensitize Malignant Gliomas to Chemoradiation Therapy (2023)

Supplementary Data from Disruption of DNA Repair and Survival Pathways through Heat Shock Protein Inhibition by Onalespib to Sensitize Malignant Gliomas to Chemoradiation Therapy
All-Dielectric Metasurface Focusing Lens (2014)

Dielectric metamaterial layers are lossless, and exhibit relatively high transmission efficiencies (contrary to plasmonic metasurfaces). Subwavelength dielectric lenses have been developed - demonstrating beam area contraction ratio of three, and insertion losses of 11%.
Electrically active defects in surface preamorphized and subsequently RTP-annealed Si and the effect of titanium silicidation (2002)

Thermal evolution of ion implantation-induced defects and the influence of concurrent titanium silicidation in pre-amorphized p-type Si (implanted with 25 keV, 10/sup 16/ cm/sup -2/ Si/sup +/) under rapid thermal processing (RTP) have been studied. Ion implantation-induced electrically active defects have been detected by deep level transient spectroscopy (DLTS), capacitance-temperature (C-T), and spreading resistance measurements. DLTS characterization results show that the thermal evolution of electrically active defects in self-ion (Si/sup +/) implanted Si depends critically on the post-implantation thermal anneal: Hole traps H/sub 1/(0.33 eV) and H/sub 4/(0.47 eV) appear after the highest temperature (950/spl deg/C) RTP anneal, while a single trap H/sub 3/(0.26 eV) level shows up at lower anneal temperatures (/spl les/900/spl deg/C). The thermal signature of H/sub 4/ defect is very similar to that of iron interstitial while those of H/sub 1/ and H/sub 3/ levels appear to originate from some interstitial-related defects, possibly complexes. A complete elimination of the above interstitial-related defects with concurrent RTP Ti silicidation has been observed, apparently a result of vacancy injection. The paper will present details of defect evolution under various conditions of RTP for samples with and without the silicidation.
P‐103: Optimization of Field of View and Color Uniformity in a Holographic Waveguide Display (2017)

The paper presents systematic study on field of view (FOV) and color uniformity in a holographic waveguide display. It reveals the theoretical limits of FOV and corresponding color shifts. By adjusting both the slanted angle of gratings and incident angle of micro‐display, the wavelength shift reaches 21nm at a FOV of 16°.