gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Converting Polyvinyl Chloride Plastic Wastes to Carbonaceous Materials via Room-Temperature Dehalogenation for High-Performance Supercapacitor (2018)

Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) plastics are widely applicable in our daily life; however, their overuse and extremely high resistance to recycling/disposal have caused serious challenges to our environment. In this study, we proposed an effective and green method to convert PVC plastics to carbonaceous materials via KOH-assisted room-temperature dehalogenation, along with the formation of clean byproducts of KCl and H2O. Thereof, high-quality porous carbon materials are obtainable through performing simple annealing on the above-mentioned carbonaceous materials. The as-resulted carbon materials derived from PVC plastics were fabricated into electrodes for supercapacitor application. Remarkably, the porous carbon material derived from PVC plastic wrap (PW-C) exhibited excellent performance for aqueous symmetric supercapacitor. The specific capacitance reached up to 399 and 363 F g–1 (at 1.0 A g–1) in 6.0 mol L–1 KOH and 1.0 mol L–1 H2SO4 electrolytes, respectively. Meanwhile, PW-C showed very good rate capability and cycling stability in both electrolytes. Therefore, our developed method is capable of treating PVC plastic wastes safely and efficiently and converting them into valued-added porous carbon electrode materials, which may find very soon practical implantations.
The Effect of Preharvest Factors on Fruit and Nutritional Quality in Strawberry (2019)

Strawberries play an essential role in human nutrition and health, especially as a source of vitamins, minerals, and dietary fiber. They also have health-promoting compounds that lower the risk of cancer and cardiovascular disease. The nutritional value of strawberries varies greatly among cultivars. Traditional and molecular breeding techniques can be used to develop varieties with enhanced nutritional quality and improved flavor to meet consumer preferences. Climatic conditions, such as temperature and light intensity, and other preharvest factors, e.g., soil type, fertilization, irrigation, mulching, and other cultural practices, have a significant effect on strawberry fruit quality. Additionally, the extent of postharvest physical and physiological injury and potential fruit loss is affected by preharvest parameters. In this chapter, the effect of preharvest factors on fruit and nutritional quality of strawberry is discussed.
A Study of Electrical Damage to a-Si:H Thin Film Transistor during Plasma Ashing by a Pin-to-Plate Type Atmospheric Pressure Plasma (2005)

In this study, the effect of the plasma ashing of the photoresist on a-Si:H thin film transistor (TFT) devices carried out using an atmospheric pressure plasma on the electrical damage to the TFT devices was investigated. By exposing the TFT devices to the plasma with a photoresist ashing rate of about 860 nm/min for up to 120 s, their electrical characteristics were significantly degraded, possibly due to charge trapping in the SiN x of the passivation layer and gate insulator and to bond breaking in a-Si:H. The degradation of the field effect mobility, I off , and I on / I off ratio of the devices is believed to be mostly related to the bond breaking in the a-Si:H and charge trapping caused by the UV radiation, while the change in the threshold voltage appears to be mostly related to the surface charging caused by the charged species in the plasma. The damaged TFT devices, however, could be fully repaired by conventional annealing in a furnace at 290°C in N 2 for 60 min.
Simulating quantum transport in nanoscale transistors: Real versus mode-space approaches (2002)

In this article, we present a computationally efficient, two-dimensional quantum mechanical simulation scheme for modeling electron transport in thin body, fully depleted, n-channel, silicon-on-insulator transistors in the ballistic limit. The proposed simulation scheme, which solves the nonequilibrium Green’s function equations self-consistently with Poisson’s equation, is based on an expansion of the active device Hamiltonian in decoupled mode space. Simulation results from this method are benchmarked against solutions from a rigorous two-dimensional discretization of the device Hamiltonian in real space. While doing so, the inherent approximations, regime of validity and the computational efficiency of the mode-space solution are highlighted and discussed. Additionally, quantum boundary conditions are rigorously derived and the effects of strong off-equilibrium transport are examined. This article shows that the decoupled mode-space solution is an efficient and accurate simulation method for modeling electron transport in nanoscale, silicon-on-insulator transistors.
Synthesis of an Exhaustive Library of Naturally Occurring Galf-Manp and Galp-Manp Disaccharides. Towards Fingerprinting According to the Ring Size by Advanced Mass Spectrometry-Based IM-MS and IRMPD. (2021)

Nature offers a huge diversity of glycosidic derivatives. Amongst numerous structural modulations, the nature of the ring size of hexosides may induce significant differences on both biological and physicochemical properties of the glycoconjugate of interest. On this assumption, we expect that small disaccharides bearing either a furanosyl entity or a pyranosyl residue would give a specific signature, even in the gas phase. On the basis of the scope of mass spectrometry, two analytical techniques to register those signatures were considered, i.e. the ion-mobility (IM) and the infra-red multiple photon dissociation (IRMPD), in order to build up cross-linked databases. D-Galactose occurs in natural products in both tautomeric forms and presents all possible regioisomers when linked to D-mannose. Consequently, the four reducing Galf-Manp disaccharides as well as the four Galp-Manp counterparts were firstly synthesized according to a highly convergent approach, and IM-MS and IRMPD-MS data were secondly collected. Both techniques used afforded signatures, specific to the nature of the connectivity between the two glycosyl entities.
Pyridine-containing Cholesterols as Versatile Gelators of Organic Solvents and the Subtle Influence of Ag(I) on the Gel Stability (2002)

Abstract New cholesterol-based gelators bearing a 4-, 3-, or 2-pyridyl group (1, 2, or 3, respectively) have been designed. Compound 1 gelled 16 of the 19 solvents tested, indicating that 1 acts as a very versatile gelator. The gelation ability of compound 2 was significantly improved by added AgOTf, owing to an Ag(I)-pyridine interaction. The findings indicate that the pyridyl group is very useful to impart new functions to organogel systems.
Estimating the global power consumption in communication networks (2012)

This presentation will estimate the worldwide power consumption and carbon footprint of communication networks and compare this with other ICT fields such as data centres and personal computers. This paper concentrates on explaining the used methodology.
Analysis of alternative transcripts of the flaxL6rust resistance gene (1999)

The L6 rust resistance gene from flax generates at least four transcript classes by alternative splicing of the third intron. The most abundant transcript class encodes a resistance protein containing domains that include nucleotide binding site motifs and a leucine-rich repeat region (NBS-LRR). The remaining three transcript classes encode truncated products which lack most of the C-terminal part of the protein containing the leucine-rich region (LRR). The four transcript classes occur in all plant organs examined and no induction of L6 expression was observed following infection of resistant plants with an avirulent rust strain expressing the corresponding A-L6 avirulence gene. Flax plants transgenic for an intronless L6 gene, incapable of encoding truncated resistance proteins by alternative splicing, expressed L6 resistance indistinguishable from that of the wild-type gene. Therefore, a definitive role for alternative transcripts and their predicted truncated products could not be assigned in the flax/flax rust system.
Erratum for “Lateral Stress in Sands During Cyclic Loading” (1975)

DISCUSSION 707 the cell should be mounted in a steel plate of greater area.This technique eliminates the sources of error due to edge stress concentration and reduces possible arching of the surrounding soil.3. Flexibility factor of the cell less than 2. 4. Bedding material around the cell compacted to the same density and stiffness as the soil mass.This last condition is the most important and unfortunately the most difficult to satisfy.Appendix.
Mutations of chronic granulomatous disease in Turkish families (2007)

Until now, we have altogether identified mutations in six Turkish CGD families. In this limited number of families our results show AR-CGD in two-thirds of the Turkish families investigated, in contrast to previous reports in the literature. This is probably due to the high rate of consanguineous marriages in Turkey. Consanguineous parents were found in 75% of the families with AR-CGD patients, which favours homozygous deficiencies.
Holographic Assessment of Lymphoma Tissue (HALT) for Global Oncology Field Applications (2016)

Low-cost, rapid and accurate detection technologies are key requisites to cope with the growing global cancer challenges. The need is particularly pronounced in resource-limited settings where treatment opportunities are often missed due to the absence of timely diagnoses. We herein describe a Holographic Assessment of Lymphoma Tissue (HALT) system that adopts a smartphone as the basis for molecular cancer diagnostics. The system detects malignant lymphoma cells labeled with marker-specific microbeads that produce unique holographic signatures. Importantly, we optimized HALT to detect lymphomas in fine-needle aspirates from superficial lymph nodes, procedures that align with the minimally invasive biopsy needs of resource-constrained regions. We equipped the platform to directly address the practical needs of employing novel technologies for "real world" use. The HALT assay generated readouts in <1.5 h and demonstrated good agreement with standard cytology and surgical pathology.
Study of coupled thermal electric behavior of compliant micro-spring interconnects for next generation probing applications (2003)

Advances in integrated circuit fabrication have given rise to a need for an innovative, inexpensive, yet reliable probing technology with ultra-fine pitch capability. Flexible micro-spring structures that can exceed the probing needs of the next-generation microelectronic devices have been developed. Highly compliant cantilevered springs have been fabricated at pitches as small as 6/spl mu/m. These micro-springs are designed to accommodate topological variation in probing surfaces while flexing within the elastic regime. Coupled thermal-electric numerical models have been developed to understand the thermal contours and current density developed across these springs. Based on the models and experiments, it is seen that the electrical resistance of the probe spring under study will be less than 1 /spl Omega/. Also, it is seen that the maximum temperature due to Joule heating is localized near the tip of the probe and can be about 93/spl deg/C above the ambient temperature, when temperature dependent bulk material properties are used. Optimization of the spring geometry to reduce this maximum temperature is outlined. In addition, the role of scale effects on the thermal conductivity of the spring material is studied. Based on the work, it can be said that it is possible to design micro-contact springs for probing applications such that the electrical resistance and the temperature increase during probing will be within acceptable limits.
Magmatic processes at slow spreading ridges: implications of the RAMESSES experiment at 57° 45′N on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge (1998)

This paper is the first in a series of three (this issue) which present the results of the RAMESSES study (Reykjanes Axial Melt Experiment: Structural Synthesis from Electromagnetics and Seismics). RAMESSES was an integrated geophysical study which was carefully targeted on a magmatically active, axial volcanic ridge (AVR) segment of the Reykjanes Ridge, centred on 57°45′N. It consisted of three major components: wide-angle seismic profiles along and across the AVR, using ocean-bottom seismometers, together with coincident seismic reflection profiles; controlled-source electromagnetic sounding (CSEM); and magnetotelluric sounding (MT). Supplementary data sets included swath bathymetry, gravity and magnetics. Analyses of the major components of the experiment show clearly that the sub-axial geophysical structure is dominated by the presence and distribution of aqueous and magmatic fluids. The AVR is underlain by a significant crustal magma body, at a depth of 2.5 km below the sea surface. The magma body is characterized by low seismic velocities constrained by the wide-angle seismic data; a seismic reflection from its upper surface; and a region of anomalously low electrical resistivity constrained by the CSEM data. It includes a thin, ribbon-like melt lens at the top of the body and a much larger region containing at least 20 per cent melt in a largely crystalline mush zone, which flanks and underlies the melt lens. RAMESSES is the first experiment to provide convincing evidence of a significant magma body beneath a slow spreading ridge. The result provides strong support for a model of crustal accretion at slow spreading rates in which magma chambers similar to those at intermediate and fast spreading ridges play a key role in crustal accretion, but are short-lived rather than steady-state features. The magma body can exist for only a small proportion of a tectono-magmatic cycle, which controls crustal accretion, and has a period of at least 20 000 years. These findings have major implications for the temporal patterns of generation and migration of basaltic melt in the mantle, and of its delivery into the crust, beneath slow-spreading mid-ocean ridges.
Design Considerations for Time-Modulated Injection-Locked Phase Interpolators and Rotators (2022)

Digitally modulating the injection point in an injection-locked ring oscillator (ILRO) allows it to simultaneously serve as both a multiphase generator and phase interpolator (PI) or phase rotator. The resulting mostly-digital architecture is compact and promises low power in nanoscale CMOS, making it suitable for multi-Gbps dense I/O applications. This paper describes design considerations for such time-modulated ILROs, including the tradeoffs associated with determining their injection strength, modulation frequency, and pattern. These tradeoffs are illustrated in the design of a 14GHz PI in a 16nm FinFET technology. The proposed PI time-modulates between four different injection points within a ring oscillator to generate 96 fine phase settings (6.6 bits resolution). Based on post-extracted layout simulations, the overall PI consumes 24.1mW and occupies an area of 0.0033 $\mathrm{mm}^{2}$. The locking range is 12.4 - 14.3GHz in the typical process corner. The simulated jitter is 592fs-rms (including thermal noise and determinstic jitter) while the PI is rotating at a 200ppm frequency offset from 14GHz. A novel linearity calibration mechanism is used to correct for systematic and random phase imbalances.
Coalescence of Droplets of an Ink Jet (1997)

Abstract Measurements of the velocity of ink jet droplets were made using a microscope in an experimental apparatus in which the nozzle is about 18 μ m in diameter. It was shown that the distance for the coalescence of droplets from the liquid jet increases with the increase of density of liquid. The equation of motion for the droplet is analyzed numerically by assuming the air velocity around a droplet, and trajectories are obtained. The results of numerical simulation for the coalescence correspond to the experimental results well. It is pointed out that the droplet stream stability is affected by the surface tension of the jet.
Locating faults in underground coal mines using high-resolution seismic reflection techniques (1989)

Abstract A high-resolution seismic reflection technique was used to locate faults in coal seams that were not visible on the surface and could only be observed in underground coal mines. An 8-gauge buffalo gun, built by the research and development department of Consolidation Coal Company, was used as the seismic source. The coal seam at a depth of 700 ft produces a reflection with a predominant frequency of about 125 Hz.The high-resolution seismic data permitted faults with vertical displacements of the same magnitude as the seam thickness to be detected at depths of several hundred feet beneath the surface. Several faults were detected and interpreted from the seismic sections, and the magnitudes of their displacement were estimated by matching the recorded seismic data to synthetic seismic data. Subsequent underground mine development in the study area confirmed two interpreted faults and their estimated displacements. Mining engineers were able to use the information provided by the seismic survey to plan an entry system through the fault zone so that less rock needed to be mined, resulting in a safer and more productive mine.
Temporal dynamics of maize plant growth, water use, and leaf water content using automated high throughput RGB and hyperspectral imaging (2016)

Automated collection of large scale plant phenotype datasets using high throughput imaging systems has the potential to alleviate current bottlenecks in data-driven plant breeding and crop improvement. In this study, we demonstrate the characterization of temporal dynamics of plant growth and water use, and leaf water content of two maize genotypes under two different water treatments. RGB (Red Green Blue) images are processed to estimate projected plant area, which are correlated with destructively measured plant shoot fresh weight (FW), dry weight (DW) and leaf area. Estimated plant FW and DW, along with pot weights, are used to derive daily plant water consumption and water use efficiency (WUE) of the individual plants. Hyperspectral images of plants are processed to extract plant leaf reflectance and correlate with leaf water content (LWC). Strong correlations are found between projected plant area and all three destructively measured plant parameters (R2 > 0.95) at early growth stages. The correlations become weaker at later growth stages due to the large difference in plant structure between the two maize genotypes. Daily water consumption (or evapotranspiration) is largely determined by water treatment, whereas WUE (or biomass accumulation per unit of water used) is clearly determined by genotype, indicating a strong genetic control of WUE. LWC is successfully predicted with the hyperspectral images for both genotypes (R2 = 0.81 and 0.92). Hyperspectral imaging can be a very powerful tool to phenotype biochemical traits of the whole maize plants, complementing RGB for plant morphological trait analysis.
Ly6G-mediated depletion of neutrophils is dependent on macrophages (2015)

Antibody-mediated depletion of neutrophils is commonly used to study neutropenia. However, the mechanisms by which antibodies deplete neutrophils have not been well defined. We noticed that mice deficient in complement and macrophages had blunted neutrophil depletion in response to anti-Ly6G monoclonal antibody (MAb) treatment. In vitro, exposure of murine neutrophils to anti-Ly6G MAb in the presence of plasma did not result in significant depletion of cells, either in the presence or absence of complement. In vivo, anti-Ly6G-mediated neutrophil depletion was abrogated following macrophage depletion, but not complement depletion, indicating a requirement for macrophages to induce neutropenia by this method. These results inform the use and limitations of anti-Ly6G antibody as an experimental tool for depleting neutrophils in various immunological settings.
Pyrosequencing to determine the influence of fallow period on soil microbial communities in the Bolivian highlands (2011)

In the Bolivian highlands (Altiplano; approx. 4000 masl), traditional fallow periods are being shortened in an effort to increase short-term crop yields, which may be at the expense of soil quality and plant health. Using&#13;\n454-pyrosequencing and DNA-tagging, we characterized the response of the microbial community to (1) the length of fallow period and (2) the presence of Parasthrephia sp. and Baccharis sp. (both locally known as&#13;\n„Thola‟), considered beneficial to the maintenance of soil health in fallow fields in this region. The two study regions, Umala and Ancoraimes, differ in their soil characteristics, which may be a fundamental reason for the inherent differences in regional management practices. Soils in Ancoraimes have higher levels of organic matter, nitrogen and other macronutrients, which supported more diverse fungal communities (P&lt;0.001). The presence of Thola after ten years of fallow had a positive effect on soil fungal diversity. Unexpectedly, the longer fallow periods were associated with lower fungal richness and diversity, perhaps because some fields with longer fallow periods were perceived by managers to have lower quality soils. Analyses of bacterial communities and fungal community composition are underway. Our results suggest that the drivers of microbial richness may be more complex than predicted by fallow period alone, and that plant cover may be important in conserving microbial communities.
P-δ Effects on the Plastic Region of RC Bridge Columns: Closed-Form Solution (2016)

A closed-form solution to the effect of member deformations (δ) on the inelastic response of RC bridge columns is presented. The formulation is based on an equivalent elastic structure with a constant flexural stiffness for the cracked RC section that enables the solution to be independent of the structural global displacements (Δ). The ability of the proposed solution for predicting moment, curvature, and displacement profiles in RC columns is demonstrated and verified against experimental data from four half-scale test columns. The closed-form solution led to the identification of a dimensionless slenderness parameter that measures the susceptibility of RC columns to second-order effects. Simplified formulas for the spread of the plastic region (Lpr) and the magnitude of P-δ moment are proposed for use in seismic design. The design formulas, derived from the mechanics-based solution, are shown to be able to predict experimental data on the P-δ effects with satisfactory accuracy.
A Web-based system for assessing and searching for designs (poster paper) (2000)

No abstract available.
Efficacy Results of a Trial of a Herpes Simplex Vaccine (2020)

Two previous studies of a herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) subunit vaccine containing glycoprotein D in HSV-discordant couples revealed 73% and 74% efficacy against genital disease in women who were negative for both HSV type 1 (HSV-1) and HSV-2 antibodies. Efficacy was not observed in men or HSV-1 seropositive women.