gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Wireless Service Provider Selection and Bandwidth Resource Allocation in Multi-Tier HCNs (2016)

In this paper, we study the inter-linked problems of wireless service provider (WSP) selection of users and bandwidth allocation of WSPs in multi-tier heterogeneous cellular networks employing the approach combining stochastic geometry and game theory. In particular, the expected average user achievable rate is calculated by modeling the distributions of users and base stations (BSs) as independent homogeneous Poisson point processes. Moreover, a hierarchical game framework is presented to model the complicated interactions among users and WSPs. Wherein, the evolutionary game, non-cooperative game, and multi-leader multi-follower Stackelberg game models are, respectively, adopted to formulate the competition among users, competition among WSPs, and cyclic dependence between users and WSPs. According to backward induction, the formulated Stackelberg game would be solved after the formulated evolutionary game and non-cooperative game are sequentially studied. For the evolutionary game, both the closed-form expression and the asymptotically stability of its evolutionary equilibrium (EE) were analyzed. Then, conditioned on the obtained EE, the existence of Nash equilibrium (NE) for the non-cooperative bandwidth allocation game is established; furthermore, a sufficient condition for the uniqueness of the NE is derived. Finally, extensive simulation results verify both the validity of our analysis and the effectiveness of the proposed scheme.
CCDC 299599: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination (2012)

An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world’s repository for small molecule crystal structures. The entry contains experimental data from a crystal diffraction study. The deposited dataset for this entry is freely available from the CCDC and typically includes 3D coordinates, cell parameters, space group, experimental conditions and quality measures.
Impact and correlation of pKaand dnelectrons of some selected thiosemicarbazone Schiff base metal Co, Ni, Cu complexes: a study of electrochemical behavior, excitation and optical energies (2017)

The electron-transfer and coordination mechanism of thiosemicarbazone Schiff bases with metal ions (Co, Ni, Cu), correlation of the electrochemical and optical properties for their potential applications in various fields of chemistry and biochemistry are underexplored.
Pulsed photoacoustic Doppler flowmetry using time-domain cross-correlation: Accuracy, resolution and scalability (2012)

The feasibility of making spatially resolved measurements of blood velocity using a pulsed photoacoustic Doppler technique in acoustic resolution mode has been investigated. Doppler time shifts were quantified via cross-correlation of photoacoustic waveform pairs generated within a blood-simulating phantom using pairs of light pulses. The phantom comprised micron-scale absorbers imprinted on an acetate sheet and moved at known velocities. The photoacoustic waves were detected using PZT ultrasound transducers operating at center frequencies of 20 MHz, 5 MHz and 3.5 MHz; measurements of velocity and resolution were calculated from the mean cross-correlation function of 25 waveform pairs. Velocities in the range ±0.15 to ±1.5 ms(-1) were quantified with accuracies as low as 1%. The transducer focal beam width determines a maximum measurable velocity |V(max)| beyond which correlation is lost due to absorbers moving out of the focal beam between the two laser pulses. Below |V(max)| a measurement resolution of <4% of the measured velocity was achieved. Resolution and |V(max)| can be scaled to much lower velocities such as those encountered in microvasculature (< 50 mms(-1)). The advantage of pulsed rather than continuous-wave excitation is that spatially resolved velocity measurements can be made, offering the prospect of mapping flow within the microcirculation.
Unravelling Information-Rich Chemical Synthesis Experiments with Computational Metabolomics: Identification of Reactivity Patterns for Baldwin and Whitehead “Manzamine Alkaloids” Biosynthesis Scenario (2022)

A key bottleneck in the study of biosynthetic pathways for complex natural products is identifying the appropriate mechanisms and conditions to assemble intricated skeletons, especially when no genomic or proteomic data are available. In this regard, a chemoinformatic exploration of highly textured knowledge generated by chemical synthesis experiments can address this issue and become part of a general method for the analysis of information-rich high-throughput experiments of multicomponent reactions. Starting from a bio-inspired experimental design, we have applied a combined screening and selection approach, leveraging reaction conditions and synthetic probe-informed molecular networking workflow. This procedure quickly pinpointed relevant bio-inspired reaction conditions that may follow Baldwin and Whitehead renowned hypothesis for the biosynthesis of Manzamine-type alkaloids. A model for keramaphidin B, collapsing a multi–step synthesis into a one-pot reaction, was devised for this purpose providing important information in terms of biosynthesis.
Predation and Crypsis in the Evolution of Electric Signaling in Weakly Electric Fishes (2019)

Eavesdropping by electroreceptive predators poses a conflict for weakly electric fish, which depend on their Electric Organ Discharge (EOD) signals both for navigation and communication in the dark. The EODs that allow weakly electric fish to electrolocate and communicate in the dark may attract electroreceptive predators such as catfishes and Electric Eels. These predators share with their prey the synapomorphy of passive electric sense supported by ampullary electroreceptors that are highly sensitive to low-frequency electric fields. Any low-frequency spectral components of the EOD make weakly electric fish conspicuous and vulnerable to attack from electroreceptive predators. Accordingly, most weakly electric fish shift spectral energy upwards or cloak low-frequency energy with compensatory masking signals. Subadults and females in particular emit virtually no low-frequency energy in their EODs, whereas courting males include a significant low-frequency component, which likely attracts females, but makes the signals conspicuous to predators. Males of species that coexist with the most predators tend to produce the least low-frequency signal energy, expressing sexual dimorphism in their signals in less risky ways. In these respects, electric signals follow the classic responses to opposing forces of natural and sexual selection, as exemplified in the visual signals of guppies and the acoustic signals of Tngara frogs. Unique to electric fish is that the electric signal modifications that help elude detection by electroreceptive predators are additions to the basal signal rather than losses of attractive components. These enhancements that enable crypsis are energetically costly, but have also provided the evolutionary substrates for subsequent sexual selection and species identity characters.
Neural influences on cardiovascular variability: possibilities and pitfalls (2002)

Altered variability in the cardiovascular system is associated with a range of cardiovascular diseases and increased mortality. Because blood pressure and heart rate show distinct low-frequency oscillations that appear to be affected by either vagal or sympathetic activity, it has been hoped that measurement of the strength of these oscillations could be used as an index of autonomic tone and thus form the basis of a diagnostic test. This review focuses on recent research that has examined the fundamental origin of variability associated with respiration and a slow oscillation at 0.1 Hz in the human. A new hypothesis is proposed to account for the slow oscillation in heart rate and blood pressure that incorporates components of the central nervous system, other reflex pathways regulating sympathetic activity, and resonance in the baroreflex control of blood pressure. Whereas it is clear that sympathetic activity and arterial baroreflexes are critical elements in producing cardiovascular variability, there is also evidence that other factors, including the ability of the vasculature to respond to sympathetic activity, appear to play a role in determining the strength of oscillations. Given the potential impact of other nonbaroreflex or nonautonomic pathways in affecting cardiovascular variability, it is proposed that one must use care in relating changes in the strength of an oscillation in blood pressure and heart rate as definitively due to a change in autonomic control.
Radiosynthesis and Biodistribution of Cyclic RGD Peptides Conjugated with Novel [18F]Fluorinated Aldehyde-Containing Prosthetic Groups (2008)

Achieving high-yielding, robust, and reproducible chemistry is a prerequisite for the (18)F-labeling of peptides for quantitative receptor imaging using positron emission tomography (PET). In this study, we extend the toolbox of oxime chemistry to include the novel prosthetic groups [(18)F]-(2-{2-[2-(2-fluoroethoxy)ethoxy]ethoxy}ethoxy)acetaldehyde, [(18)F]5, and [(18)F]-4-(3-fluoropropoxy)benzaldehyde, [(18)F]9, in addition to the widely used 4-[(18)F]fluorobenzaldehyde, [(18)F]12. The three (18)F-aldehydes were conjugated to the same aminooxy-bearing RGD peptide and the effect of the prosthetic group on biodistribution and tumor uptake studied in mice. The peptide conjugate [(18)F]7 was found to possess superior in vivo pharmacokinetics with higher tumor to blood, tumor to liver, tumor to muscle, and tumor to lung ratios than either [(18)F]10 or [(18)F]13. The radioactivity from the [(18)F]7 conjugate excreted more extensively through the kidney route with 79%id passing through the urine and bladder at the 2 h time point compared to around 55%id for the more hydrophobic conjugates [(18)F]10 and [(18)F]13. The chemical nature of a prosthetic group can be employed to tailor the overall biodistribution profile of the radiotracer. In this example, the hydrophilic nature of the ethylene glycol containing prosthetic group [(18)F]5 clearly influences the overall excretion pattern for the RGD peptide conjugate.
Efficient Approximate Inference with Walsh-Hadamard Variational Inference (2019)

Variational inference offers scalable and flexible tools to tackle intractable Bayesian inference of modern statistical models like Bayesian neural networks and Gaussian processes. For largely over-parameterized models, however, the over-regularization property of the variational objective makes the application of variational inference challenging. Inspired by the literature on kernel methods, and in particular on structured approximations of distributions of random matrices, this paper proposes Walsh-Hadamard Variational Inference, which uses Walsh-Hadamard-based factorization strategies to reduce model parameterization, accelerate computations, and increase the expressiveness of the approximate posterior beyond fully factorized ones.
Dissolution properties of cycloolefin-maleic-anhydride-based resist resins (2000)

Influence of different functional groups on dissolution behavior of resist resins based on charge-transfer polymerization of cycloolefins with maleic anhydride was studied. tertButyl carboxylate moiety was used in all materials as an imaging group. Two approaches were identified for increase in the dissolution rate of totally deprotected polymers (Rmax). First, the Rmax value can be modified by changing the total amount of tertbutyl-protected and unprotected carboxylate moieties in the polymer. On the other hand, Rmax can be improved by introducing the base- hydrolyzable functionalities, such as a formate esters, into the polymer chain. It was established that such polymers are stable to hydrolysis in hydrophobic matrix but undergo quick hydrolysis in hydrophilic film. For example, a polymer in which the cycloolefin moiety has a formate side group displayed dissolution rate of approximately 10,000 angstrom/sec while an analogous polymer in which the cycloolefin moiety does not have a formate group showed a dissolution rate of approximately 500 angstrom/sec.
Accurate attenuation correction in PET using short transmission scans and consistency information (2003)

The authors show how the consistency conditions of the Radon transform can be used to aid attenuation correction in positron emission tomography (PET) using short transmission scans. The technique is expected to be useful in situations where limited time is available for transmission imaging (e.g., whole-body PET). The proposed method uses 2-min transmission scans that are reconstructed and then segmented into regions of uniform attenuation. Consistency information is used to determine the thresholds for segmentation of the transmission image and the attenuation coefficients. In particular, a downhill simplex algorithm is used to find the parameters that are most consistent with the measured emission data. One potential advantage of the proposed technique over conventional segmentation methods (which work purely on the transmission data) is that the emission data are used to drive the segmentation process. Therefore, the technique should produce the attenuation image that is most appropriate for attenuation correction. The algorithm is tested using simulated data and compared with an adaptive thresholding technique using clinical PET data. The results show that the method produces reconstructed images with similar accuracy and noise levels to those obtained using a 10 min transmission scan. The results also show that the proposed technique has some advantages over the adaptive thresholding technique when imaging the abdomen. The authors conclude that the proposed technique may provide a viable means of producing quantitatively accurate whole-body PET images in a clinically feasible time.
Selective Labeling of Bioactive Polysaccharides with a New Fluorescent Reagent (1990)

The selective labeling of polysaccharides by the hydroxyl groups and without loosing biological activity is described. The new reagent is a deriv ative of fluoresceinamine and should be useful for the appropriate labeling of several types of biological active materials containing both amino and hydroxyl functional groups.
Chlorotitanium Triisopropoxide (2001)

[20717-86-6] C9H24ClO3Ti (MW 260.62) (mild Lewis acid used for the preparation of organotitanium derivatives1 and titanium enolates;1, 2 alkyl, 3-5 allyl,3, 4, 6 aryl,3-5 alkenyl,7 allenyl,8 and alkynyl9, 10 titanium triisopropoxides exhibit reduced basicity and add to carbonyl compounds with enhanced chemo-, regio-, and stereoselectivity;1b–f titanium enolates2 react with aldehydes and imines11 with high levels of syn selectivity12 and greatly enhanced diastereofacial selectivity;13 titanium isopropoxides mediate the regioselective opening of epoxides14, 15 and serve as a titanium source for the preparation of chiral titanium complexes16) Alternate Names: chlorotitanium tris(isopropoxide); chlorotriisopropoxytitanium; chlorotris(2-propanolato)titanium. Physical Data: mp 45–50 °C; bp 61–65 °C/0.1 mmHg; d 1.091 g cm−3. Solubility: sol most nonprotic organic solvents, e.g. Et2O, THF, CH2Cl2, toluene, hexanes. Form Supplied in: syrupy liquid; 1.0 M solution in CH2Cl2 or hexanes. Preparative Method: available commercially, but can be easily made from a 3∶1 mixture of Titanium Tetraisopropoxide and Titanium(IV) Chloride,3 which can be distilled to give the pure reagent or used in situ.17 Handling, Storage, and Precautions: corrosive; moisture sensitive; flammable liquid; can be stored under nitrogen, in pure form or in solution, for months.
A dynamic optimization framework for a Java just-in-time compiler (2001)

The high performance implementation of Java Virtual Machines (JVM) and just-in-time (JIT) compilers is directed toward adaptive compilation optimizations on the basis of online runtime profile information. This paper describes the design and implementation of a dynamic optimization framework in a production-level Java JIT compiler. Our approach is to employ a mixed mode interpreter and a three level optimizing compiler, supporting quick, full, and special optimization, each of which has a different set of tradeoffs between compilation overhead and execution speed. a lightweight sampling profiler operates continuously during the entire program's exectuion. When necessary, detailed information on runtime behavior is collected by dynmiacally generating instrumentation code which can be installed to and uninstalled from the specified recompilation target code. Value profiling with this instrumentation mechanism allows fully automatic code specialization to be performed on the basis of specific parameter values or global data at the highest optimization level. The experimental results show that our approach offers high performance and a low code expansion ratio in both program startup and steady state measurements in comparison to the compile-only approach, and that the code specialization can also contribute modest performance improvement
Flight Results from the Cryogenic Capillary Pumped Loop (CCPL) Flight Experiment on STS-95 (1999)

&lt;div class="section abstract"&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;This paper describes the Cryogenic Capillary Pumped Loop (CCPL) flight experiment, which flew as part of the CRYOTSU payload on STS-95 in late 1998. The CCPL flight unit is a miniaturized two-phase fluid circulator for transporting cooling power from cryogenic cooling sources (cryocoolers) to remote cryogenic components. During the 9-day flight, the N&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;-charged CCPL operated successfully over six test cycles (~70 hours). Heat loads were varied from 0-3 W and tests included several startups, power cycles, cold reservoir set-point tests, and condenser sink temperature tests. Ground and flight test data is included herein. The zero-g environment had no discernible impact on CCPL operation.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Use of tocilizumab in kidney transplant recipients with COVID-19 (2020)

Acute respiratory distress syndrome associated with coronavirus infection is related to a cytokine storm with large interleukin-6 (IL-6) release. The IL-6-receptor blocker tocilizumab may control the aberrant host immune response in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) . In this pandemic, kidney transplant (KT) recipients are a high-risk population for severe infection and showed poor outcomes. We present a multicenter cohort study of 80 KT patients with severe COVID-19 treated with tocilizumab during hospital admission. High mortality rate was identified (32.5%), related with older age (hazard ratio [HR] 3.12 for those older than 60 years, P = .039). IL-6 and other inflammatory markers, including lactic acid dehydrogenase, ferritin, and D-dimer increased early after tocilizumab administration and their values were higher in nonsurvivors. Instead, C-reactive protein (CRP) levels decreased after tocilizumab, and this decrease positively correlated with survival (mean 12.3 mg/L in survivors vs. 33 mg/L in nonsurvivors). Each mg/L of CRP soon after tocilizumab increased the risk of death by 1% (HR 1.01 [confidence interval 1.004-1.024], P = .003). Although patients who died presented with worse respiratory situation at admission, this was not significantly different at tocilizumab administration and did not have an impact on outcome in the multivariate analysis. Tocilizumab may be effective in controlling cytokine storm in COVID-19 but randomized trials are needed.
ChemInform Abstract: MECHANISTIC AND EXPLORATORY ORGANIC PHOTOCHEMISTRY PART 87, PHOTOCHEMICAL REARRANGEMENT OF 4‐ARYL‐SUBSTITUTED CYCLOPENTENONES, LOW‐TEMPERATURE PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND DIRECT OBSERVATION OF REACTION INTERMEDIATES (1974)

Abstract Bei Bestrahlung der Cyclopentenone (I) in tert.‐Butanol in einer Stickstoffatmosphäre entstehen die Ester (II).
Reconstructed Image Resolution in Multiple Coincidences Compton Camera (2008)

We have developed a simplified reconstruction algorithm for multiple coincidences Compton camera, which can be used to predict the performance of different Compton camera configurations. Using this algorithm we make several design suggestions which can improve the performance of the Compton imager.
New records and combinations in Neotropical Premnobius Eichhoff (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae: Ipini) with an illustrated key to New World species (2018)

Atkinson, Thomas H., Petrov, Alexander V., Flechtmann, Carlos A. H. (2018): New records and combinations in Neotropical Premnobius Eichhoff (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae: Ipini) with an illustrated key to New World species. Insecta Mundi 658: 1-11, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.3709871
The NBS-LRR architectures of plant R-proteins and metazoan NLRs evolved in independent events (2017)

There are intriguing parallels between plants and animals, with respect to the structures of their innate immune receptors, that suggest universal principles of innate immunity. The cytosolic nucleotide binding site-leucine rich repeat (NBS-LRR) resistance proteins of plants (R-proteins) and the so-called NOD-like receptors of animals (NLRs) share a domain architecture that includes a STAND (signal transduction ATPases with numerous domains) family NTPase followed by a series of LRRs, suggesting inheritance from a common ancestor with that architecture. Focusing on the STAND NTPases of plant R-proteins, animal NLRs, and their homologs that represent the NB-ARC (nucleotide-binding adaptor shared by APAF-1, certain R gene products and CED-4) and NACHT (named for NAIP, CIIA, HET-E, and TEP1) subfamilies of the STAND NTPases, we analyzed the phylogenetic distribution of the NBS-LRR domain architecture, used maximum-likelihood methods to infer a phylogeny of the NTPase domains of R-proteins, and reconstructed the domain structure of the protein containing the common ancestor of the STAND NTPase domain of R-proteins and NLRs. Our analyses reject monophyly of plant R-proteins and NLRs and suggest that the protein containing the last common ancestor of the STAND NTPases of plant R-proteins and animal NLRs (and, by extension, all NB-ARC and NACHT domains) possessed a domain structure that included a STAND NTPase paired with a series of tetratricopeptide repeats. These analyses reject the hypothesis that the domain architecture of R-proteins and NLRs was inherited from a common ancestor and instead suggest the domain architecture evolved at least twice. It remains unclear whether the NBS-LRR architectures were innovations of plants and animals themselves or were acquired by one or both lineages through horizontal gene transfer.
Analysis of Misheard Phrases in Nursing Dialogue (2006)

We are now collecting, transcribing and analyzing conversation data in medical and nursing facilities. This is part of nursing assistance research being conducted based on ubiquitous computing technologies. In this paper, we focus on communication error analysis. We analyzed 30 hours and 45 minutes of transcribed voice data collected in a hospital. Incorrectly transcribed phrases are analyzed to find features of incorrect transcription.
Implementation of Directional Sources Inwave Field Synthesis (2007)

Wave field synthesis (WFS) is a spatial audio reproduction technique aiming at physically synthesizing a desired sound field. Typically, virtual sound sources are rendered as emitting spherical or plane waves. In this paper we present an approach to the implementation of sources with arbitrary directivity. The approach is based on the description of the directional properties of a source by a set of circular harmonics. A time domain expression of the loudspeaker driving signals is derived allowing an efficient implementation. Consequences of sampling and truncation of the secondary source distribution as occurring in typical installations of WFS systems are discussed and simulated reproduction results are shown.