gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Anatomic relationship between the popliteal artery and vein: a guide to accurate angiographic puncture. (1991)

The anatomic relationship between the popliteal artery and vein means that an arteriovenous fistula can be created when a popliteal artery approach is used for endovascular interventions. To determine the best site for retrograde puncture of the popliteal artery, we studied six cadaveric specimens, CT scans of 31 patients at 280 levels, and 30 plain radiographs of the knee. In the cadaveric specimens, the vessels were enclosed in a common sheath. In 92% of all levels studied on CT, the artery was anterior to the vein (anterolateral in 9%, anteromedial in 43%, strictly anterior in 40%), and more than 25% of the diameter of the artery overlapped the vein in 87% of these levels. However, at the most cranial level analyzed (64 mm above the femorotibial joint space level), such an overlap occurred in only 60%, and the artery was medial in 25%, resulting in a relationship between the artery and the vein that involved less risk of fistula. On radiographic study, the popliteal crease was located above the level of the joint space (considered the most reliable landmark of the popliteal fossa anatomy) in 97% of cases, although the values were scattered (mean, 2.9 +/- 1.5 cm). In order to minimize the risk of creating an arteriovenous fistula, we recommend a skin incision be located 3-4 cm above the joint level as determined by fluoroscopy, and a puncture directed obliquely from caudal to cranial and from medial to lateral.
Characterization of polysilicon films by Raman spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy: A comparative study (1993)

Samples of chemically-vapor-deposited micrometer and sub-micrometer-thick films of polysilicon were analyzed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) in cross-section and by Raman spectroscopy with illumination at their surface. TEM and Raman spectroscopy both find varying amounts of polycrystalline and amorphous silicon in the wafers. Raman spectra obtained using blue, green and red excitation wavelengths to vary the Raman sampling depth are compared with TEM cross-sections of these films. Films showing crystalline columnar structures in their TEM micrographs have Raman spectra with a band near 497 cm{sup {minus}1} in addition to the dominant polycrystalline silicon band (521 cm{sup {minus}1}). The TEM micrographs of these films have numerous faulted regions and fringes indicative of nanometer-scale silicon structures, which are believed to correspond to the 497cm{sup {minus}1} Raman band.
Charge storage in double layers of silicon dioxide and silicon nitride (2002)

Silicon dioxide has long been studied for applications as electret layer in micromachined devices. However it could already be demonstrated that double layers of silicon dioxide and silicon nitride possess higher charge stability than well investigated single layers. In this contribution experimental results for double layers of SiO/sub 2/ and Si/sub 3/N/sub 4/ with different compositions will be reported and discussed. The investigated layers were prepared by thermal oxidation of silicon substrate (SiO/sub 2/) and APCVD (Si/sub 3/N/sub 4/). The samples were charged by the point-to-grid corona method. The charge decay was observed by measuring the surface potential under different environmental conditions (elevated temperature and humidity) which will be described briefly. Besides results from TSC measurements will be presented and compared to those of a corresponding single layer of SiO/sub 2/. In addition to improved electret properties the internal stress in the investigated double layers can be adjusted by a proper thickness ratio of oxide layer to nitride layers. Therefore double layers of silicon dioxide and nitride seem to be promising electrets for fabrication of integrated sensors and actuators.
Carotenoid Bioavailability: Influence of Dietary Lipid and Fiber (2012)

Consistent with observed nutritive and health promoting roles of dietary carotenoids, interest in factors that impact their bioavailability has grown.
Bidirectional Associative Plasticity of Unitary CA3-CA1 EPSPs in the Rat Hippocampus In Vitro (1997)

Associative long-term potentiation (LTP) and depression of compound and unitary CA3-CA excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs) were investigated in rat hippocampal slice cultures. The induction of LTP with synchronous pairing of synaptic activation and postsynaptic depolarization resulted in an increase in the amplitude of EPSPs to the same absolute level, regardless of whether the input was naive or had been previously depressed by asynchronous pairing of pre- and postsynaptic activity. Saturated LTP of compound and unitary EPSPs was reversed by asynchronous pairing and could be reinduced by synchronous pairing. The likelihood that an action potential in a presynaptic CA3 cell failed to trigger an unitary EPSP in a postsynaptic CA1 cell decreased after induction of associative potentiation and increased after induction of associative depotentiation. These changes in the rate of transmission failures were accompanied by large changes in the amplitude of nonfailure EPSPs. We conclude that the same CA3-CA1 synapses can alternatively undergo associative potentiation and depression, perhaps through opposite changes in a single expression mechanism.
Ultrastable and Reversible Fluorescent Perovskite Films Used for Flexible Instantaneous Display (2019)

Abstract All‐inorganic halide perovskite materials are regarded as promising materials in information display applications owing to their tunable color, narrow emission peak, and easy processability. However, the photoluminescence (PL) stability of halide perovskite films is still inferior due to their poor thermal stability and hygroscopic properties. Herein, all‐inorganic perovskite films are prepared through vacuum thermal deposition method to enhance thermal and hygroscopic stability. By intentionally adding extra bromide source, a structure of CsPbBr 3 nanocrystals embedded in a CsPb 2 Br 5 matrix (CsPbBr 3 /CsPb 2 Br 5 ) is formed via an air exposure process, leading to impressive PL stability in ambient atmosphere. In addition, the as‐fabricated CsPbBr 3 /CsPb 2 Br 5 structure shows enhanced PL intensity due to the dielectric confinement. The CsPbBr 3 /CsPb 2 Br 5 structure film can almost reserve its initial PL intensity after four months, even stored in ambient atmosphere. The PL intensity for CsPbBr 3 /CsPb 2 Br 5 films vanishes at elevated temperature and recovers by cooling down in a short time. The reversible PL conversion process can be repeated over hundreds of times. Based on the reversible PL property, prototype thermal‐driven information display devices are demonstrated by employing heating circuits on flexible transparent substrates. These robust perovskite films with reversible PL characteristics promise an alternative solid‐state emitting display.
Macromolecule mediated rapid synthesis of amorphous germania particles (2003)

The unique optical properties of germanium dioxide or germania (GeO2), and in particular when compared with other glasses such as silicates, have attracted the attention of scientists and make them highly suitable for optoelectronic applications. Germanium is known to resemble silicon in some of its chemical properties. The recent findings on the importance of the role of the (bio)macromolecules in (bio)mineralization has led us to investigate the role of synthetic macromolecules in facilitating the formation of germania particles for the first time. One novelty is that the process described herein was carried out under ambient conditions and at neutral pH. Amorphous spherical germania particles were seen by scanning electron microscopy. Furthermore, when the reaction mixture was subjected to external shear, the formation of elongated rod-like germania structures was successfully achieved. This novel process is of importance for the design of new materials based on germania and silica-germania hybrids for potential applications such as their use in optical fibers.
Uncertainty calculation for modal parameters used with stochastic subspace identification: an application to a bridge structure (2015)

Stochastic subspace identification method (SSI) has been proven to be an efficient algorithm for the identification of liner-time-invariant system using multivariate measurements. Generally, the estimated modal parameters through SSI may be afflicted with statistical uncertainty, e.g. undefined measurement noises, non-stationary excitation, finite number of data samples etc. Therefore, the identified results are subjected to variance errors. Accordingly, the concept of the stabilization diagram can help users to identify the correct model, i.e. through removing the spurious modes. Modal parameters are estimated at successive model orders where the physical modes of the system are extracted and separated from the spurious modes. Besides, an uncertainty computation scheme was derived for the calculation of uncertainty bounds for modal parameters at some given model order. The uncertainty bounds of damping ratios are particularly interesting, as the estimation of damping ratios are difficult to obtain. In this paper, an automated stochastic subspace identification algorithm is addressed. First, the identification of modal parameters through covariance-driven stochastic subspace identification from the output-only measurements is used for discussion. A systematic way of investigation on the criteria for the stabilization diagram is presented. Secondly, an automated algorithm of post-processing on stabilization diagram is demonstrated. Finally, the computation of uncertainty bounds for each mode with all model order in the stabilization diagram is utilized to determine system natural frequencies and damping ratios. Demonstration of this study on the system identification of a three-span steel bridge under operation condition is presented. It is shown that the proposed new operation procedure for the automated covariance-driven stochastic subspace identification can enhance the robustness and reliability in structural health monitoring.
Disruption of the KEX1 gene inPichia pastoris allows expression of full-length murine and human endostatin (1999)

Endostatin is a potent angiogenesis inhibitor. In order to isolate sufficient quantities of soluble protein for in vivo studies in mice, we expressed murine endostatin in Pichia pastoris. Analysis of the expressed protein by mass spectrometry indicated that the protein was truncated. N-terminal sequence analysis determined that the N-terminus was intact, suggesting that the C-terminal lysine was missing. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Kex1p can cleave lysine and arginine residues from the C-terminus of peptides and proteins. We hypothesized that the KEX1 homologue in P. pastoris is responsible for the loss of the C-terminal lysine of endostatin. To test this hypothesis, we cloned and disrupted the P. pastoris KEX1 gene. Although the overall amino acid identity between the P. pastoris and the S. cerevisae Kex1p is only 36%, the amino acid residues involved in the catalytic activity or close to the active residues are highly conserved. Disruption of the KEX1 reading frame allowed expression of murine and human endostatin with the C-terminal lysine. The KEX1 disruption strain may be a useful tool for the expression of other proteins with a C-terminal basic amino acid. Addition of a lysine to the C-terminus of recombinant proteins may protect the C-terminus from degradation by other carboxypeptidases.
A Robotic Antenna Alignment and Tracking System for Millimeter Wave Propagation Modeling (2022)

In this paper, we discuss the design of a sliding-correlator channel sounder for 28 GHz propagation mod-eling on the NSF POWDER testbed in Salt Lake City, UT. Beam-alignment is mechanically achieved via a fully autonomous robotic antenna tracking platform, designed using commercial off-the-shelf components. Equipped with an Apache Zookeeper/Kafka managed fault-tolerant publish-subscribe framework, we demonstrate tracking response times of 27.8 ms, in addition to superior scalability over state-of-the-art mechanical beam-steering systems. Enhanced with real-time kine-matic correction streams, our geo-positioning subsystem achieves a 3D accuracy of 17 cm, while our principal axes positioning subsystem achieves an average accuracy of 1.1º across yaw and pitch movements. Finally, by facilitating remote orchestration (via managed containers), uninhibited rotation (via encapsulation), and real-time positioning visualization (via Dash/MapBox), we exhibit a proven prototype well-suited for V2X measurements.
ChemInform Abstract: A Simple Method of Dethioacetalization. (1989)

Abstract 2‐Monosubstituted 1,3‐dithianes such as (I) are cleaved upon treatment with bis(trifluoroacetoxy)iodobenzene in aqueous acetonitrile to give the corresponding aldehydes such as (II).
High T c in Electrospun BaTiO 3 Nanofibers (2009)

BaTiO 3 nanofibers were prepared by electrospinning. The morphology of synthesized BaTiO 3 nanofibers was investigated under different heat treatment conditions. The phase transformations in BaTiO 3 nanofibers were monitored using Raman spectroscopy. It has been found that the Curie temperature of BaTiO 3 nanofibers increased to 220°C, which is notably higher than the bulk BaTiO 3 ceramics.
A Sequentially Priming Phosphorylation Cascade Activates the Gliomagenic Transcription Factor Olig2 (2017)

During development of the vertebrate CNS, the basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factor Olig2 sustains replication competence of progenitor cells that give rise to neurons and oligodendrocytes. A pathological counterpart of this developmental function is seen in human glioma, wherein Olig2 is required for maintenance of stem-like cells that drive tumor growth. The mitogenic/gliomagenic functions of Olig2 are regulated by phosphorylation of a triple serine motif (S10, S13, and S14) in the amino terminus. Here, we identify a set of three serine/threonine protein kinases (glycogen synthase kinase 3α/β [GSK3α/β], casein kinase 2 [CK2], and cyclin-dependent kinases 1/2 [CDK1/2]) that are, collectively, both necessary and sufficient to phosphorylate the triple serine motif. We show that phosphorylation of the motif itself serves as a template to prime phosphorylation of additional serines and creates a highly charged "acid blob" in the amino terminus of Olig2. Finally, we show that small molecule inhibitors of this forward-feeding phosphorylation cascade have potential as glioma therapeutics.
Thin Film Polarizers: Properties and Technologies. Part 2: Lyotropic LC and Photoanisotropic Materials (2022)

This part of the review describes structures and media, such as lyotropic and thermotropic liquid crystals, photoanisotropic materials, materials polarization-anisotropic light scattering or anisotropic fluorescence, and other media. Polarizers based on lyotropic liquid crystals, media with polarization-anisotropic optical properties, metallic grid structures, and media based on anisotropic luminescence are of greatest practical interest.
Organelle RNA recognition motif-containing (ORRM) proteins are plastid and mitochondrial editing factors in Arabidopsis (2016)

Post-transcriptional C-to-U RNA editing occurs at specific sites in plastid and plant mitochondrial transcripts. Members of the Arabidopsis pentatricopeptide repeat (PPR) motif-containing protein family and RNA-editing factor Interacting Protein (RIP, also known as MORF) family have been characterized as essential components of the RNA editing apparatus. Recent studies reveal that several organelle-targeted RNA recognition motif (RRM)-containing proteins are involved in either plastid or mitochondrial RNA editing. ORRM1 (Organelle RRM protein 1) is essential for plastid editing, whereas ORRM2, ORRM3 and ORRM4 are involved in mitochondrial RNA editing. The RRM domain of ORRM1, ORRM3 and ORRM4 is required for editing activity, whereas the auxiliary RIP and Glycine-Rich (GR) domains mediate the ORRM proteins' interactions with other editing factors. The identification of the ORRM proteins as RNA editing factors further expands our knowledge of the composition of the editosome.
The molecular beam epitaxy growth, structure, and magnetism of Si1−xMnx films (2008)

The type-IV diluted magnetic semiconductor (DMS) [Si(20Å)∕Mn(x)]30 multilayers (MLs) with nominal thickness x=1, 1.5, and 2.0Å have been prepared by molecular beam epitaxy. The structure, magnetism, and electrical property of these MLs were investigated. Above room temperature ferromagnetism has been observed and structure probed by x-ray absorption spectroscopy. The Mn local structure is similar to Si simulation and the Mn chemical valences of the MLs are in the range from zero (Mn foil) to Mn+2. The relative carrier concentration is sensitive to the formation of room temperature ferromagnetism, suggesting that hole mediated mechanism play an important role in Si:Mn DMSs.
Infrared Study of Hydrogen Bond Types in Asphaltenes (2003)

Abstract The structural characteristics of asphaltenes are important to refiners for determining the yields from the residual fraction of crude oils and the operating parameters of the process units for deep conversion processes. In this article, we studied the hydrogen bonding distribution of four Saudi Arabian crude-oil-derived asphaltenes against the phenol solutions of various concentrations in carbon tetrachloride. In an attempt to explain relative hydrogen bonding capabilities of asphaltenes, OH peak intensity of phenol and enthalpies of hydrogen bond formation were used in combination with the content of heteroatoms (N, O, and S) in asphaltenes. The OH peak intensity of phenol depends on the presence of acidic and basic moieties or functional groups on the surface of asphaltenes. The results obtained show that the asphaltenes with high oxygen and low nitrogen contents have poor interaction with phenol, which indicates that oxygen might be incorporated as acidic hydroxyl groups in asphaltenes. In a ...
Development of an in vitro mRNA decay system for Escherichia coli : Poly(A) polymerase I is necessary to trigger degradation (1996)

Using a novel Escherichia coli in vitro decay system in which polysomes are the source of both enzymes and mRNA, we demonstrate a requirement for poly(A) polymerase I (PAP I) in mRNA turnover. The in vitro decay of two different mRNAs (trxA and lpp) is triggered by the addition of ATP only when polysomes are prepared from s strain carrying the wild-type gene for PAP I (pcnB+). The relative decay rates of these two messages are similar in vitro and in vivo. Poly(A) tails are formed on both mRNAs, but no poly(A) are detected on the 3' end of mature 23S rRNA. The size distribution of poly(A) tails generated in vitro, averaging 50 nt in length, is comparable to that previously reported in vivo. PAP I activity is associated exclusively with the polysomes. Exogenously added PAP I does not restore mRNA decay to PAP I-polysomes, suggesting that, in vivo, PAP I may be part of a multiprotein complex. The potential of this in vitro system for analyzing mRNA decay in E. coli is discussed.
The ortho: para Ratio in Activation of Aromatic Nucleophilic Substitution by the Nitro Group1 (1955)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe ortho: para Ratio in Activation of Aromatic Nucleophilic Substitution by the Nitro Group1J. F. Bunnett and R. J. MorathCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1955, 77, 19, 5051–5055Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1955Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1955https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01624a033https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01624a033research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views621Altmetric-Citations71LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Photochemical transformations. Part XXX. Photolysis of thiobenzoic acid O-esters. Part I. Photolysis of O-cholesteryl thiobenzoate (1973)

S. Achmatowicz, D. H. R. Barton, P. D. Magnus, G. A. Poulton and P. J. West, J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 1, 1973, 1567 DOI: 10.1039/P19730001567
Meibomian gland dysfunction: hyperkeratinization or atrophy? (2015)

Meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD) is the major cause of evaporative dry eye disease (EDED) and dysfunction is widely thought to mechanistically involve ductal hyperkeratinization, plugging and obstruction. This review re-evaluates the role of hyperkeratinization in MGD based on more recent findings from mouse models. In these studies, eyelids from normal young and old mice or mice exposed to desiccating stress were evaluated by immunofluorescent tomography and 3-dimensional reconstruction to evaluate gland volume, expression of hyperkeratinization markers and cell proliferation or stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) microscopy to assess lipid quality. Results indicate that aging mice show dropout of meibomian glands with loss of gland volume and a forward migration of the mucocutaneous junction anterior to the gland orifice; similar age-related changes that are detected in human subjects. Atrophic glands also showed evidence of epithelial plugging of the orifice without the presence of hyperkeratinization. Mice exposed to desiccating stress showed hyperproliferation of the meibomian gland and ductal dilation suggesting a marked increase in lipid synthesis. Lipid quality was also affected in EDED mice with an increase in the protein content of lipid within the duct of the gland. Overall, age-related changes in the mouse show similar structural and functional correlates with that observed in clinical MGD without evidence of hyperkeratinization suggesting that gland atrophy may be a major cause of EDED. The response of the meibomian gland to desiccating stress also suggest that environmental conditions may accelerate or potentiate age-related changes.
Effects of Vasopressin on Human Memory Functions (1982)

WEINGARTNER, HERBERT; GOLD, PHILIP; BALLENGER, JAMES C.; SMALLBERG, SHEILA A.; SUMMERS, RICHARD; RUBINOW, DAVID R.; POST, ROBERT M.; GOODWIN, FREDERICK K. Author Information
Properties on inclusion relations and division charts in non-deterministic information systems (2011)

In rough set theory, the concept of the consistency is characterized by the inclusion relation of equivalence classes. This property connects rough sets with granular computing. In this paper, we consider properties on inclusion relations, and propose a diagram named a division chart. We examine several properties in five cases. This division chart shows us visual information about inclusion relations and the consistency. Furthermore, we clarify the previously proposed calculation methods by the division chart.