gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
London's Unemployment in the 1990s: Tests of Demand-Side Explanations for its Relative Growth (2002)

The recession of the early 1990s saw London shift from being one of the best performing regions in terms of unemployment to one of the worst. This paper takes employing units (workplaces) as the primary unit of labour demand and uses evidence from them to test potential explanations for London’s less favourable unemployment record in the 1990s. The paper finds evidence that differences in both the quantity and the nature of labour demand contributed to London’s deteriorating unemployment record and that the relatively poor growth of skills amongst Londoners exacerbated this.
Evaluation of [Co(gly)3]- as a 35Cl- NMR Shift Reagent for Cellular Studies (2003)

We studied the efficacy of the tris-glycinatocobaltate(II) complex ([Co(gly)(3)](-)) as a shift reagent (SR) for chloride by (35)Cl NMR spectroscopy and compared to that of Co(2+)((aq)). Due to the relatively low thermodynamic stability of [Co(gly)(3)](-), a 1:3 Co(II)/gly stoichiometric solution at physiological pH is approximately a 2:1 mixture of [Co(gly)(2)(H(2)O)(2)] and [Co(gly)(H(2)O)(4)](+). This SR was found to be stable up to higher pH values than Co(2+)((aq)), better preventing Co(OH)(2) formation at alkaline pH. No significant differences in the (35)Cl(-) NMR chemical shift induced by Co(II)/gly or Co(2+)((aq)) were observed in the presence of physiological concentrations of either Ca(2+) or Mg(2+), or of either Na(+) or K(+). Although Co(2+)((aq)) was almost twice as effective as Co(II)/gly in shifting the (35)Cl(-) NMR resonance at the same high rho ([SR]/[Cl(-)]) value and low ionic strength, Co(2+)((aq)) showed a significant decrease (p < 0.05) in the (35)Cl(-) chemical shift at higher ionic strength. Line widths at half-height were significantly (p < 0.05) less for Co(II)/gly than for Co(2+)((aq)) at rho values in the range 0.066-0.40. Intracellular chloride was clearly detectable by (35)Cl NMR spectroscopy in human skin fibroblast cells suspended in medium containing 40 mM Co(II)/gly SR. We determined that, although Co(2+)((aq)) provides a larger shift than Co(II)/gly at the same rho value, there are significant advantages for using Co(II)/gly, such as pH stability, ionic strength independent chemical shifts, narrow (35)Cl(-) NMR resonances, and reduced cellular toxicity, as a SR in biological systems.
Minor and trace sterols in marine invertebrates. 23. Xestospongesterol and isoxestospongesterol - first examples of quadruple biomethylation of the sterol side chain (1981)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMinor and trace sterols in marine invertebrates. 23. Xestospongesterol and isoxestospongesterol - first examples of quadruple biomethylation of the sterol side chainLian Niang Li and Carl DjerassiCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1981, 103, 12, 3606–3608Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1981Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1981https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00402a075https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00402a075research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views69Altmetric-Citations23LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Mining anomalies using traffic feature distributions (2005)

The increasing practicality of large-scale flow capture makes it possible to conceive of traffic analysis methods that detect and identify a large and diverse set of anomalies. However the challenge of effectively analyzing this massive data source for anomaly diagnosis is as yet unmet. We argue that the distributions of packet features (IP addresses and ports) observed in flow traces reveals both the presence and the structure of a wide range of anomalies. Using entropy as a summarization tool, we show that the analysis of feature distributions leads to significant advances on two fronts: (1) it enables highly sensitive detection of a wide range of anomalies, augmenting detections by volume-based methods, and (2) it enables automatic classification of anomalies via unsupervised learning. We show that using feature distributions, anomalies naturally fall into distinct and meaningful clusters. These clusters can be used to automatically classify anomalies and to uncover new anomaly types. We validate our claims on data from two backbone networks (Abilene and Geant) and conclude that feature distributions show promise as a key element of a fairly general network anomaly diagnosis framework.
Abstract 65: Restoration of Growth Differentiation Factor 11 Protects Against Stroke in Mice (2016)

Introduction: GDF 11 is a member of the transforming growth factor β superfamily. Loss of GDF11 occurs with aging and declining levels correlate with several detrimental age-associated phenotypes in both peripheral tissues and brain. Restoration of GDF11 enhances neurogenesis and cognitive function in aged mice. Brain expression of GDF11 has not been investigated after stroke. Stroke differentially affects the elderly. In this work we examined the role of GDF11 in aging, stroke and its potential utility as a neuroprotective agent. Methods: Male C57/BL6NCrl young (2-3 months) and aged (19-21) mice were used. Brain GDF11 expression was evaluated in young and aged mice by western blot. Focal ischemia was induced with a transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). Mice were randomly assigned into two groups and were subjected to 90 min MCAO. Group 1 received vehicle (phosphate buffered saline) and group 2 was administered rGDF11 (100 ug/kg., ip) at the onset of ischemia. In additional experiments, the efficacy of delayed treatment (3 h after ischemia) with rGDF11 was tested. These mice were subjected to a 60 min MCAO. Mice were euthanized after 24 hours and 7 days respectively and brains were harvested to estimate infarct area. Results: A significant decrease in brain GDF11 levels was observed in aged mice as compared to young (p&lt;0.05). Additionally, a significant decline in brain GDF11 expression was observed after stroke at 24 hours vs. sham groups (p&lt;0.05). A significant decrease in cortical and hemispheric infarct area was observed in the rGDF11 group (cortical 48.73±1.05; hemisphere 49.68±3.58) as compared to vehicle group (60.54±4.88; 61.35±6.03), when GDF was administered at the time of ischemia. Delayed treatment with rGDF11 also reduced infarct at 7 days. Conclusions: Brain GDF11 levels decline with age and after stroke. Supplementation with rGDF11 ameliorates stroke induced injury in young mice at 24h and 7 days. These finding suggest potential role of GDF11 in age and stroke. Restoration of age-related loss of GDF may be a viable therapy for stroke.
Momentum-based Gradient Methods in Multi-objective Recommender Systems. (2020)

Multi-objective gradient methods are becoming the standard for solving multi-objective problems. Among others, they show promising results in developing multi-objective recommender systems with both correlated and uncorrelated objectives. Classic multi-gradient descent usually relies on the combination of the gradients, not including the computation of first and second moments of the gradients. This leads to a brittle behavior and misses important areas in the solution space. 
In this work, we create a multi-objective Adamize method that leverage the benefits of the Adam optimizer in single-objective problems. This corrects and stabilizes the gradients of every objective before calculating a common gradient descent vector that optimizes all the objectives simultaneously. We evaluate the benefits of Multi-objective Adamize on two multi-objective recommender systems and for three different objective combinations, both correlated or uncorrelated. We report significant improvements, measured with three different Pareto front metrics: hypervolume, coverage, and spacing. Finally, we show that the Adamized Pareto front strictly dominates the previous one on multiple objective pairs.
Beam-tracing-based inverse scattering for general aperture antennas (1999)

Iterative techniques are presented for two-dimensional inverse scattering from electrically large regions. The region is illuminated by transmitters with arbitrary profiles; this is an escalation in complexity from the line-source and the plane-wave excitations considered in many previous inverse-scattering studies. Imaging algorithms require an accurate and efficient forward model. Here a Gaussian-beam algorithm is utilized as a forward solver and is incorporated into an iterative-Born inversion scheme. General antenna profiles are incorporated into the algorithm by use of the matched-pursuits technique, by which the aperture fields are matched to the beam-tracing algorithm. Results are presented for several cases in which the simple Born approximation fails. Issues addressed include the types of profiles that can be successfully imaged, suitable antenna distributions, and the range of parameters over which the scheme is effective. Performance of the algorithm in the presence of noisy data is also tested.
Application of proteomics for fast identification of species-specific peptides from marine species (2002)

In this work, a novel approach based on proteomics is applied for the analysis of the three European marine mussel species: Mytilus edulis (ME), Mytilus galloprovincialis (MG) and Mytilus trossulus (MT), which are of interest in biotechnology and food industry. The proteomes of these species are poorly described in databases, are difficult to diagnose, and have a controversial taxonomy, To characterise species-specific peptides, we compared 51 matrix-assisted laser desorption/ioization-time of flight peptide mass maps generated from 6 random selected prominent spots derived from the two-dimensional electrophoresis analysis of foot protein extracts from several individuals. Minor species-specific differences in the peptide maps were detected in only one of the spots, corresponding to tropomyosin. Two peptides were unique to ME and MG individuals, whereas another peptide was present only in MT individuals. The sequence of these peptides was characterised by, nanoelectrospray ionization-ion trap (nanoESI-IT) tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) analysis followed by database searching and de novo sequence interpretation. We detected a single T to D amino acid substitution in MT tropomyosin. Unambiguous and highly-specific species identification was then demonstrated by analysing peptide extracts from tropomyosin spots by micro high-performande liquid chromatography (microHPL) ESI-IT mass spectrometry using the selected ion monitoring configuration, focused on these peptides, in continuous MS/MS operation. Our results suggest that proteomics may be successfully applied for the identification of species whose proteome is not present in databases.
Characterization of the naftazone crystalline forms. Impacts of anti-solvent addition rate and initial concentration on the crystalline phase (2008)

International audience
Weiße Biotechnologie bei Bayer HealthCare Product Supply: Mehr als 30 Jahre Erfahrung (2006)

Abstract Wichtige Projekte der Weißen Biotechnologie, die derzeit bei Bayer HealthCare Product Supply bearbeitet werden, reichen von der Fermentation von Sekundärstoffen über die Herstellung und den Einsatz von Ganzzell‐Biokatalysatoren im Technikums‐ und Produktionsmaßstab bis zur Entwicklung und technischen Nutzung leistungsfähiger rekombinanter Expressionssysteme zur Gewinnung von Proteinwirkstoffen.
Abstract 2418: PTEN regulated PI3K-p110 and AKT isoform plasticity controls metastatic prostate cancer progression (2021)

Abstract Background: The loss of PTEN function, one of the most frequent mutations in prostate cancer (CaP), is presumed to drive disease progression through AKT activation. However, two transgenic mouse CaP models, Pten/RbPE:-/- and Akap12-/-;RbPE:-/-, exhibited different CaP and metastasis development even though both shared Rb loss plus Akt activation, based on increased relative AKTpoS473 levels. Experimental Procedures: We analyzed whether PI3K-p110 and/or AKT isoform reliance, using isoform-specific RNAi or small molecule inhibitors, played a role in the different CaP outcomes. Findings: In comparison to Akap12/Rb-null high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasias, Pten/Rb-null adenocarcinomas had increased protein and activation levels of AKT2 and decreased relative levels of Smad4, a known CaP metastasis suppressor. Comparison of isogenic PTEN +/- pairs of human or mouse CaP cell lines indicated that PTEN-deficiency correlated with dependence on both p110β and AKT2 for survival or oncogenic growth/invasiveness, whereas PTEN expression correlated with greater dependence on AKT1 plus p110α. Inhibition of AKT2 in PTEN-null CaP cells induced higher SMAD4 levels and decreased chemotaxis and Matrigel invasiveness. Given that PTEN likely regulates non-redundant roles of the AKT isoforms during CaP progression, we sought to characterize AKT isoform substrates by phosphoproteomics analysis. Specifically, after endogenous kinases were inactivated in mouse Pten/Rb-null adenocarcinoma cell lysates using 5'-fluorosulfonylbenzoyl-5'-adenosine (FSBA), dialyzed samples were subjected to in vitro kinase reactions using enzymatically-active, full-length baculovirus-expressed AKT1, AKT2 or AKT3, or as a negative control, a heat-inactivated mixture of all three isoforms. Tryptic peptides isolated on TiO2 beads were subjected to LC-MS/MS. Data will be shown on the role of AKT isoform-shared vs. -preferred substrates in specific parameters of CaP progression controlled by PTEN. Conclusion: Our data suggest that in the context of RB1 loss, PTEN controls a signaling plasticity and drug sensitivity through specific pairings of PI3K-p110 and AKT isoforms. Citation Format: Karina Miller, Seamus Degan, Yanqing Wang, Sheng-Yu Ku, David W. Goodrich, Irwin H. Gelman. PTEN regulated PI3K-p110 and AKT isoform plasticity controls metastatic prostate cancer progression [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2021; 2021 Apr 10-15 and May 17-21. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2021;81(13_Suppl):Abstract nr 2418.
The targeted delivery of interleukin-12 to the carcinoembryonic antigen increases the intratumoral density of NK and CD8+ T cell in an immunocompetent mouse model of colorectal cancer (2020)

The recent success achieved by immune checkpoint inhibitors in the field of immuno-oncology has been less evident for the treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) patients. To date, cancer immunotherapy has been efficacious only in few patients bearing high mutational burden (less than 25%) mCRCs. In this Communication, we report the generation of a novel antibody cytokine fusion protein (termed Sm3E-mIL12) targeting the CRC-associated carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA). The antibody moiety bound avidly to CEA when immobilized on solid supports, and selectively stained C51 tumor cells transfected with the antigen (C51-CEA). The cytokine payload retained full activity <i>in vitro</i>, as compared to the parental recombinant interleukin-12 (IL12). <i>Ex vivo</i> microscopic analyses revealed a homogenous distribution of Sm3E-mIL12 in the neoplastic mass upon intravenous administration. <i>In vivo</i>, Sm3E-mIL12 was well tolerated up to 180 µg per mouse. The targeted delivery of IL12 to CEA-expressing C51 carcinomas led to durable complete responses in 60% of the treated mice. The intratumoral density of immune effector cells was markedly increased after the third injection of Sm3E-mIL12, in keeping with the progressive regression of the neoplastic mass. The data suggest that a fully human analogue may be considered for the treatment of patients with mCRC.
Directive gain and impedance of a ring array of antennas (1966)

Ring arrays can be made so that they concentrate the radiated power in the plane of the ring and are also omnidirectional (or nearly so) in this plane. This paper deals with ring arrays which exhibit these properties. For antenna lengths which are equal to and less than <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">\lambda/4</tex> , graphs are included which show, or make it easy to calculate, antenna impedances the ratio of maximum to minimum directive gain in the plane of the ring, and the mean directive gain in the plane of the ring.
Open Set Action Recognition via Multi-Label Evidential Learning (2023)

Existing methods for open-set action recognition focus on novelty detection that assumes video clips show a single action, which is unrealistic in the real world. We propose a new method for open set action recognition and novelty detection via MUlti-Label Evidential learning (MULE), that goes beyond previous novel action detection methods by addressing the more general problems of single or multiple actors in the same scene, with simultaneous action(s) by any actor. Our Beta Evidential Neural Network estimates multi-action uncertainty with Beta densities based on actor-context-object relation representations. An evidence debiasing constraint is added to the objective function for optimization to reduce the static bias of video representations, which can incorrectly correlate predictions and static cues. We develop a learning algorithm based on a primal-dual average scheme update to optimize the proposed problem. Theoretical analysis of the optimization algorithm demonstrates the convergence of the primal solution sequence and bounds for both the loss function and the debiasing constraint. Uncertainty and belief-based novelty estimation mechanisms are formulated to detect novel actions. Extensive experiments on two real-world video datasets show that our proposed approach achieves promising performance in single/multi-actor, single/multi-action settings.
Cryopreservation of Adherent Cells on a Fixed Substrate (2014)

Tissue culture has become the backbone of research in the life sciences. Large numbers of primary cells and established cell lines are available from the American Type Culture Collec‐ tion (ATCC, Manassas, VA) and various other sources. Some cell types are relatively easy to grow and maintain in culture while other cell lines have specific handling issues that must be learned. These cells come from a variety of animal and human sources and are being used for research as well as the production of enzymes, hormones, and other biological compounds. Toxicology applications range from the use of cells as indicator systems for environmental pollutants to screening cosmetic formulations, new drugs and household chemicals for potential risks. Such biodetector systems may involve cells from almost any vertebrate or invertebrate species. In addition, the universal demand for a reduction of the use of animals in research has prompted the development of alternative methods to determine applicability of new products or procedures. New technologies such as high-throughput screening have been designed to reduce animal testing while increasing the rate at which new drugs or products are brought to market. It has become increasingly clear that cell–based assays will provide the most information for these technologies to be effective in preliminary screening of potential new drugs and products [1].
Mortality risk of rapid growth in the spider Nephila clavipes (2001)

Summary Female Nephila clavipes from univoltine populations have greatly reduced reproductive success if they grow slowly and reach maturity late in the growing season. Although such fitness costs are expected to select for rapid increases in mass, several authors have presented models and data describing physiological costs of rapidly increasing mass. In order to test the hypothesis that there are inherent costs of rapid growth (increasing mass), laboratory‐reared juveniles of the orb‐weaving spider Nephila clavipes were randomly assigned to receive daily feedings ranging from 2·5% to 23% of their initial mass. Spiders receiving higher amounts of food were more likely to die at or immediately before the next moulting cycle. These results indicate that there may be inherent physiological costs of rapidly increasing mass. In opportunistic feeders such as spiders that tend to gorge when prey are abundant, this could present a real cost to a common foraging strategy.
Radiomarquage par coordination de l’espèce {Aluminium-[18F]Fluor} : optimisation rapide de la radiosynthèse selon une méthodologie par plan d’expériences (2022)

International audience
Precision Measurement Techniques of Thermophysical Properties (2021)

Thermophysical properties are widely used in thermal design for saving energy and safety and security. In order to secure reliability in these areas, the National Metrology Institute of Japan (NMIJ) has developed some precision measurement techniques. This paper describes details of the guarded hot-plate method for thermal conductivity, the flash method for thermal diffusivity, the adiabatic calorimetric method for specific heat capacity and the optical heterodyne interferometric method for thermal expansion coefficient. These methods give SI traceable thermophysical property values and well evaluated uncertainties.
A Passive Exoskeleton Can Push Your Life Up: Application on Multiple Sclerosis Patients (2013)

In the present study, we report the benefits of a passive and fully articulated exoskeleton on multiple sclerosis patients by means of behavioral and electrophysiological measures, paying particular attention to the prefrontal cortex activity. Multiple sclerosis is a neurological condition characterized by lesions of the myelin sheaths that encapsulate the neurons of the brain, spine and optic nerve, and it causes transient or progressive symptoms and impairments in gait and posture. Up to 50% of multiple sclerosis patients require walking aids and 10% are wheelchair-bound 15 years following the initial diagnosis. We tested the ability of a new orthosis, the "Human Body Posturizer", designed to improve the structural and functional symmetry of the body through proprioception, in multiple sclerosis patients. We observed that a single Human Body Posturizer application improved mobility, ambulation and response accuracy, in all of the tested patients. Most importantly, we associated these clinical observations and behavioral effects to changes in brain activity, particularly in the prefrontal cortex.