gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Does right ventricle dysfunction represent cardiac frailty in critically ill trauma patients? (2018)

Introduction Cardiac function includes left ventricle ejection fraction, right ventricle function, diastolic function, and multiple markers of cardiac outflow. Markers of cardiac function associated with mortality are unknown. The purpose of this study was to determine markers of cardiac function associated with mortality in the elderly which represent cardiac frailty and the relative importance of these many measurements of cardiac function when compared with each other. Methods A retrospective review of patients who underwent focused rapid echocardiographic evaluations was performed from 2009 to 2014. Focused rapid echocardiographic evaluations are echocardiographic exams focusing on cardiac function rather than structure. Results Overall, 513 trauma patients received focused rapid echocardiographic evaluations. In elderly patients, mortality increase of 33.9% was seen with left ventricle ejection fraction less than 30% (p = 0.05), 28.5% with moderate right ventricle dysfunction (p = 0.03), and 18.5% with velocity time integral less than 18 cm (p = 0.02). Any level of diastolic dysfunction, cardiac output of less than 4 l/min, and cardiac index less than 2.5 l/min/m 2 was not significantly associated with increased mortality in the elderly (not significant [NS] for all). In younger patients, a mortality increase of 68.1% was seen with grade 3–4 diastolic dysfunction (p&lt;0.001) and 14.6% with velocity time integral less than 18 cm (p = 0.02), with right ventricle dysfunction, decreased left ventricle ejection fraction, cardiac output less than 4 l/min, and cardiac index less than 2.5 l/min/m 2 not associated with mortality (NS for all). In logistic regression for elderly patients, only moderate right ventricle dysfunction was associated with mortality (odds ratio 4.321, 95% confidence interval 1.451–12.866, p = 0.009). Conclusions Markers of cardiac function associated with mortality vary with age. Right ventricle dysfunction may represent cardiac frailty, while diastolic dysfunction and left ventricle ejection fraction likely do not.
Acute cigarette smoke exposure activates apoptotic and inflammatory programs but a second stimulus is required to induce epithelial to mesenchymal transition in COPD epithelium (2017)

Collectively, these data indicate that cigarette smoke promotes epithelial cell activation and hyperplasia, but a secondary stimulus is required for the remodelling phenotype associated with COPD.
Response of Corn and Soybeans to Soil vs. Foliar‐Applied Salts of Cooling Tower Origin (1984)

Abstract Field studies were conducted on corn ( Zea mays L.) and soybeans [ Glycine max (L.) Merr.] during 1976 and 1977 to acquire information on the response of crops to saline aerosol deposition near brackish water cooling towers in combination with salt accumulation in the soil. Salt treatments imposed included preplant soil applications equal to 0, 14, 28, 56, and 112 kg NaCl ha −1 and foliar applications of brackish cooling tower water as saline aerosol drift equal to 0, 34, and 68 L ha −1 d −1 . Total soluble salt in the foliar treatments averaged 23 ± 3 g L −1 , with average weekly salt deposition rates of 0, 3.8 ± 0.6, and 7.6 ± 1.2 kg ha −1 . Information on elemental contents in leaves at flowering, leaf injury ratings, and grain yields were obtained. Information on extractable P, K, Ca, Mg, and Na plus electrical conductivity (EC) and pH of 0‐ to 15‐cm soil samples was obtained in October 1977 following two summers of treatments on the same plots and again in April 1978. For both crops, leaf Na and Cl, metabolic index, leaf injury ratings, and grain yields were significantly ( P ≤ 0.05) affected by foliar salts in both years. However, soil salt treatments influence only leaf Cl contents and metabolic index values. Grain yields were reduced an average of 10 and 9% of controls at the highest foliar salt rate in corn and soybeans, respectively. Significant ( P ≤ 0.05) increases in extractable Na in soils were found with foliar salt treatments. Increases in extractable Ca and pH ( P ≤ 0.05) and K, Mg, and Na ( P ≤ 0.1) were observed with increased soil salt rates. However, no differences were found among soil chemical parameters 8 months following the termination of the foliar treatments. The soils data suggest that salt deposition within 10 km of the Chalk Point cooling towers would cause minimal impact due to the sandy textures of the soils and annual rainfall in excess of 100 cm yr −1 .
Computed radiography imaging based on high-density 670-nm VCSEL arrays (2010)

Although vertical cavity surface emitting lasers (VCSELs) have traditionally found their place in high-speed communication links, the recent advancements of VCSELs emitting in the visible spectrum has sparked interest for new applications in scanning and imaging. Compared to other lasers, VCSELs have many advantageous characteristics including compact size, low power requirements, low cost, and high reliability. VCSELs also offer the unique ability to be fabricated in one- or two-dimensional arrays, making it possible for multiple VCSELs on a single chip to perform the same function as a mechanically scanned beam. One such application is computed radiography (CR), which provides an efficient solution for digitizing and electronically storing x-ray images. In this work, we demonstrate a 1-inch prototype CR scanner based on high-density VCSEL arrays. The device is capable of generating very fast scans with no moving parts, and has the potential to increase throughput, stability, and image quality. In this paper, we discuss the design and performance of this scanner and demonstrate X-ray image acquisition with resolution exceeding 5 line pairs per millimeter (lp/mm).
Aging and estrogen alter endothelial reactivity to reactive oxygen species in coronary arterioles (2011)

Endothelium-dependent, nitric oxide (NO)-mediated vasodilation can be impaired by reactive oxygen species (ROS), and this deleterious effect of ROS on NO availability may increase with aging. Endothelial function declines rapidly after menopause, possibly because of loss of circulating estrogen and its antioxidant effects. The purpose of the current study was to determine the role of O(2)(-) and H(2)O(2) in regulating flow-induced dilation in coronary arterioles of young (6-mo) and aged (24-mo) intact, ovariectomized (OVX), or OVX + estrogen-treated (OVE) female Fischer 344 rats. Both aging and OVX reduced flow-induced NO production, whereas flow-induced H(2)O(2) production was not altered by age or estrogen status. Flow-induced vasodilation was evaluated before and after treatment with the superoxide dismutase (SOD) mimetic Tempol (100 μM) or the H(2)O(2) scavenger catalase (100 U/ml). Removal of H(2)O(2) with catalase reduced flow-induced dilation in all groups, whereas Tempol diminished vasodilation in intact and OVE, but not OVX, rats. Immunoblot analysis revealed elevated nitrotyrosine with aging and OVX. In young rats, OVX reduced SOD protein while OVE increased SOD in aged rats; catalase protein did not differ in any group. Collectively, these studies suggest that O(2)(-) and H(2)O(2) are critical components of flow-induced vasodilation in coronary arterioles from female rats; however, a chronic deficiency of O(2)(-) buffering by SOD contributes to impaired flow-induced dilation with aging and loss of estrogen. Furthermore, these data indicate that estrogen replacement restores O(2)(-) homeostasis and flow-induced dilation of coronary arterioles, even at an advanced age.
Urokinase activates macrophage PON2 gene transcription via the PI3K/ROS/MEK/SREBP-2 signalling cascade mediated by the PDGFR-β (2009)

These findings provide a framework linking interactions among cellular signalling pathways associated with reactive oxygen species production, macrophage cholesterol biosynthesis, and cellular PON2 expression in vascular pathophysiology.
Periodontal Management strategies for the future in Korea (1997)

There has been much progress made in the understading of periodontal disease from 1960s to 1990s. We are in a phenomenal period in periodontics in which we have the opportunity to integrate the best of past and current philosophies, refined non-surgical approaches and advanced surgical techniques for the future. The management strategy of periodontal disease in any community depends on the disease epidemiology and social environment for health care. Therefore, this presentation will focus on demand for and provision of periodontal care, and the present statue of periodontal management in Korea, and then discuss how to control the periodontal disease efficiently in the future.
Dissolution of Lithium Metal in Poly(ethylene oxide) (2019)

We demonstrate that\nlithium metal is sparingly soluble in poly­(ethylene\noxide) (PEO). &lt;sup&gt;7&lt;/sup&gt;Li NMR shows that when a PEO sample is placed\nin contact with lithium metal at elevated temperatures, a lithium\nspecies dissolves and diffuses into the bulk polymer. A lithium/PEO/lithium\nelectrochemical cell, containing no lithium salts, shows increasing\nconductivity over time when annealed at 120 °C. Chronoamperometry\nshows that the annealed cell obeys Ohm’s law, implying that\nconduction occurs without the development of concentration gradients.\nTo explain the results, it is proposed that atomic lithium dissolves\ninto PEO, where it exists as a lithium cation and free electron. The\ndissolution of lithium also affects the phase behavior of block copolymer\nelectrolytes. These observations explain the strong adhesion between\nlithium metal and PEO and have important implications for lithium\nmetal battery systems that contain PEO-based electrolytes.
The determination of the scattering parameters of microwave TV-port networks (1981)

It is shown that the solution of a linear system of equations permits the determination of all scattering parameters of an <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">n</i> -port microwave structure with the aid of a resonance technique based on transmission and length measurements and a nonresonance procedure based on reflection coefficient measurements. The resonance method is primarily intended for lossless networks but its extension to lossy networks is discussed.
G Proteins and Phospholipase C Mediate Thrombin-lnduced Generation of Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor-1 from Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells (1997)

The present study investigated transcellular signalling mechanism involved in thrombin-induced production of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) in cultured vascular baboon aortic smooth muscle cells (BASMC). Treatments with thrombin dose-dependently increased the steady state levels of PAI-1 mRNA and the generation of PAI-1 antigen from BASMC. Thrombin receptor-activating peptide mimicked the effect of thrombin on the generation of PAI-1. Sodium fluoride (1 mM) stimulated PAI-1 generation from BASMC. Pertussis toxin dose-dependently suppressed thrombin-induced increase of PAI-1 generation. Treatment with 5 mM neomycin, 10 microM U73122 or 1 microM calphostin C blocked thrombin-induced PAI-1 generation. Phorbol myristate acetate at 10 nM for 3 h strongly stimulated the generation of PAI-1 from BASMC. Forskolin (100 microM) or 8-bromo-cAMP (100 microM) suppressed thrombin-induced PAI-1 generation. The responses of quiescent BASMC to thrombin or the inhibitors on PAI-1 generation were comparable to that of growing cells. The results of the present study suggest that pertussis toxin-sensitive G proteins and a phospholipase C are involved in thrombin-induced generation of PAI-1 in BASMC, which may transmit signals from occupied thrombin receptor to protein kinase C and thereby increase the generation of PAI-1. Elevated levels of intracellular cAMP may negatively regulate the generation of PAI-1 from vascular SMC.
Diagnosis of Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Infection by Detection of Nucleocapsid Protein (2020)

Summary BACKGROUND Nucleic acid test and antibody assay have been employed in the diagnosis for SARS-CoV-2 infection, but the use of viral antigen for diagnosis has not been successfully developed. Theoretically, viral antigen is the specific marker of the virus and precedes antibody appearance within the infected population. There is a clear need of detection of viral antigen for rapid and early diagnosis. METHODS We included a cohort of 239 participants with suspected SARS-CoV-2 infection from 7 centers for the study. We measured nucleocapsid protein in nasopharyngeal swab samples in parallel with the nucleic acid test. Nucleic acid test was taken as the reference standard, and statistical evaluation was taken in blind. We detected nucleocapsid protein in 20 urine samples in another center, employing nasopharyngeal swab nucleic acid test as reference standard. RESULTS We developed a fluorescence immunochromatographic assay for detecting nucleocapsid protein of SARS-CoV-2 in nasopharyngeal swab sample and urine within 10 minutes. 100% of nucleocapsid protein positive and negative participants accord with nucleic acid test for same samples. Further, earliest participant after 3 days of fever can be identified by the method. In an additional preliminary study, we detected nucleocapsid protein in urine in 73.6% of diagnosed COVID-19 patients. CONCLUSIONS Those findings indicate that nucleocapsid protein assay is an accurate, rapid, early and simple method for diagnosis of COVID-19. Appearance of nucleocapsid protein in urine coincides our finding of the SARS-CoV-2 invading kidney and might be of diagnostic value.
Increased mdr gene expression and decreased drug accumulation in multidrug-resistant human melanoma cells. (1988)

Multidrug-resistant clones of a drug-sensitive human malignant melanoma cell line were isolated by single-step selection in culture medium containing either vincristine (4.5 ng/ml or 7.5 ng/ml), vinblastine (3 ng/ml), or colchicine (8 ng/ml). This protocol yielded primary colonies showing relatively low (4- to 24-fold) levels of drug resistance. These clones exhibit the classical multidrug resistance (MDR) phenotype, being cross-resistant to Vinca alkaloids, anthracyclines, colchicine, and actinomycin D. The appearance of an MDR phenotype in these cells was linked to a decreased accumulation and increased efflux of the drug [3H]vinblastine when compared to the drug-sensitive melanoma cell line. This increased drug efflux was dependent on the presence of cellular ATP and could be reduced by treatment of the cells with rotenone and deoxyglucose. A partial human mdr complementary DNA clone was used to monitor the degree of amplification and the level of transcription of this gene in the cloned lines. All 5 MDR sublines expressed increased levels of the specific 4.5-kilobase mdr mRNA, but did not show mdr gene amplification. Our results indicate that relatively low levels of drug resistance, similar to those observed clinically and in experimental xenografts, can be achieved by single-step drug selection and result from increased expression of at least one member of the mdr gene family.
Reflexiones del profesorado universitario sobre la introducción del inglés como lengua de instrucción (2015)

La docencia en lengua inglesa forma parte de la consolidación del inglés como lingua franca y de la política de internacionalización de la universidad española. Su incorporación a la enseñanza superior requiere de docentes comprometidos y preparados para llevar a cabo este trabajo: enseñar materias de contenido en una lengua extranjera. Para formar mejor a este profesorado, se necesita conocer sus problemas, opiniones y temores, y tratar de darles respuesta, o ayudarles a afrontarlos. El objetivo de este artículo es mostrar las actitudes de los docentes para mejorar su formación
Proactive reconfiguration of wireless sensor networks (2011)

Network dynamics, such as mobility and increase in network load, can influence the performance of a Wireless Sensor Network (WSN). In this paper, we introduce a method which exploits design-time knowledge of the application scenario dynamics to construct a proactive run-time reconfiguration approach. The approach anticipates for the impact that predefined dynamic events can have on the performance of the WSN by switching between various modes of operation defined at design-time. A mode defines the values for the controllable parameters of the network protocol stack. Our approach explicitly differentiates between parameters that can be adapted locally, per node, and those that should be considered globally for the whole WSN. Design-time definition of modes results in a very low run-time overhead as we only require detection of the mode to use and a low overhead synchronization to change global parameters. The approach is made robust by using a recovery approach for nodes unaware of their global mode after, for example, (re-)joining the network. Experiments with an office monitoring deployment and extensive simulations of a cow-health monitoring scenario show that our approach can easily be adopted by practical WSN deployments and results in a significant reduction in resource usage, e.g., power consumption in our examples, at a very low run-time overhead cost.
Effect of timing of surgical SSP tendon repair on muscle alterations (2014)

To investigate the impacts of delayed repairs of a supraspinatus tendon tear on the supraspinatus muscle, we used an animal model data from two previously published studies in which one supraspinatus (SSP) tendon was detached. In one cohort, the rabbits were killed in groups of 10 at 4, 8, and 12 weeks. In the other cohort, a repair was done at these time points, 12 rabbits each, and the animals killed were 12 weeks later. SSP fossa volume (Muscle belly plus extramuscular fat [e-fat] volume), percentage of intramuscular fat (i-fat), and muscle tissue volume (muscle belly volume minus i-fat), as well as CT determination of e-fat and i-fat of both cohorts, were compared. Fossa volume increased (p < 0.05). Muscle belly and muscle tissue volumes did not increase after repair (p > 0.05), but early repair prevented further volume losses, a fact not seen after 8 and 12 weeks delay of repair. No reversal of e-fat or of i-fat occurred, in fact i-fat almost doubled after 4 weeks delay of repair (p < 0.05). CT studies confirmed the fat results. We conclude that early repair prevented loss of muscle belly and muscle tissue volumes, but that it has no positive influence on fat accumulation.
Impact of COVID-19 on Subclinical Placental Thrombosis and Maternal Thrombotic Factors (2022)

COVID-19 was associated with more obstetrical complications, but not an increased incidence of placental lesions or PZ and ZPI abnormalities.
Dewatering Kelp for Fuel, Feed, and Food Uses: Process Description and Material Balances (1978)

ADSTRACT THE Ocean Food and Energy Farm Project envi-sions using Macrocystis pyrifera (giant kelp), grown in vast ocean farms, as a source of a fermentable material for producing a substantial portion of our nation's fuel gas and as a source of animal feed and/or human food. However, the high ash content of kelp may be inhibitory or toxic to anaerobic fer-mentation and may limit the proportion of kelp in animal feeds. A process has been developed by the Western Regional Research Center which reduces the ash and water content of kelp and increases its caloric and bulk densities. In a typical example, kelp is treated with CaCl2, heated, and pressed to remove 75 percent of the moisture and 65 percent of the ash initially present; 70 percent of the organic solids are retained for fermentation. Technical feasibility of the process has been demonstrated in pilot-plant testing using com-mercially available equipment.
Lignocellulose decomposition by selected streptomyces strains (1978)

From 30 actinomycete cultures isolated by enrichment technique on agar media containing newsprint as a primary carbon and energy source, three Streptomyces strains were selected for characterization of their lignocellulose-decomposing abilities. All three streptomycetes were capable of oxidizing specifically 14C-labeled lignocelluloses to 14CO2. These Streptomyces were shown to attack primarily the cellulosic (glucan) components, of which between 25 to 40% evolved as 14CO2 during 1,025 h of incubation depending upon the culture used. Lignin labeled lignocelluloses were also attacked, but to a lesser degree, with up to about 3.5% being oxidized to 14CO2 depending upon the culture used. Additionally, it was shown that purified 14C-labeled milled-wood lignin was attacked, with recoveries of up to 17.7% of the label was 14CO2. This is the first conclusive evidence to show that streptomycetes can decompose lignin.
ChemInform Abstract: Trichloroacetimidates (2001)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
The Effects of Postinjection Massage on The Sensitivity of Lymphatic Mapping in Breast Cancer (2001)

As experience increases with this new procedure, the surgical technique of lymphatic mapping continues to evolve. The addition of a postinjection massage significantly improves the uptake of blue dye by SLNs and may also aid in the accumulation of radioactivity in the SLNs, further increasing the sensitivity of this procedure.
Protecting user privacy in WiFi sharing networks (2010)

WiFi sharing communities are an interesting option for mobile Internet access. Today, however, users need to give up privacy in exchange for connectivity: they are required to expose their identity in order to be granted access. This information can be used to track users and to generate usage and movement profiles. We identify the challenges of providing a maximum level of privacy and anonymity in a WiFi community. From a discussion of privacy properties of existing architectures, we arrive at a privacy-aware WiFi sharing design for fully anonymous usage-without sacrificing any participant's security or legal safety. This system, like some previous designs, relays a mobile user's data via this user's home network; we discuss how and under which circumstances this contributes to privacy and anonymity. In order to enable users to remain fully anonymous in such a system, a means to locate the home network of a user without leaking permanent identifiers is needed. We introduce and evaluate volatile host names, a novel method to generate anonymized, non-persistent host names in standard DNS.
Detection of human enteric viruses in stream water with RT-PCR and cell culture (2004)

A multiplex RT-PCR method was used to measure virus occurrence at five stream water sites that span a range of hydroclimatic, water-quality, and land-use characteristics. The performance of the molecular method was evaluated in comparison with traditional cell culture and Escherichia coli membrane filtration assays. The study incorporated multiple quality controls and included a control for virus recovery during the sampling procedure as well as controls to detect potentially false-negative and false-positive data. Poliovirus recovery ranged from 16 to 65% and was variable, even in samples collected within the same stream. All five sites were positive for viruses by both molecular and cell culture-based virus assays. Enteroviruses, reoviruses, rotaviruses, and hepatitis A viruses were detected, but the use of the quality controls proved critical for interpretation of the molecular data. All sites showed evidence of faecal contamination, and culturable viruses were detected in four samples that would have met the US Environmental Protection Agency's recommended E. coli guideline for safe recreational water.