gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
IL-21 Induces Tumor Rejection by Specific CTL and IFN-γ-Dependent CXC Chemokines in Syngeneic Mice (2004)

IL-21 is an immune-stimulatory four alpha helix cytokine produced by activated T cells. To study the in vivo antitumor activities of IL-21, TS/A murine mammary adenocarcinoma cells were genetically modified to secrete IL-21 (TS/A-IL-21). These cells developed small tumors that were subsequently rejected by 90% of s.c. injected syngeneic mice. Five days after injection, TS/A-IL-21 tumors showed numerous infiltrating granulocytes, NK cells, and to a lesser extent CD8(+) T cells, along with the expression of TNF-alpha, IFN-gamma, and endothelial adhesion molecules ICAM-1 and VCAM-1. At day 7, CD8(+) and CD4(+) T cells increased together with IFN-gamma, and the CXC chemokines IFN-gamma-inducible protein 10, monokine induced by IFN-gamma, and IFN-inducible T cell alpha-chemoattractant. The TS/A-IL-21 tumor displayed a disrupted vascular network with abortive sprouting and signs of endothelial cell damage. In vivo depletion experiments by specific Abs showed that rejection of TS/A-IL-21 cells required CD8(+) T lymphocytes and granulocytes. When injected in IFN-gamma-deficient mice, TS/A-IL-21 cells formed tumors that regressed in only 29% of animals, indicating a role for IFN-gamma in IL-21-mediated antitumor response, but also the existence of IFN-gamma-independent effects. Most immunocompetent mice rejecting TS/A-IL-21 cells developed protective immunity against TS/A-pc (75%) and against the antigenically related C26 colon carcinoma cells (61%), as indicated by rechallenge experiments. A specific CTL response against the gp70-env protein of an endogenous murine retrovirus coexpressed by TS/A and C26 cells was detected in mice rejecting TS/A-IL-21 cells. These data suggest that IL-21 represents a suitable adjuvant in inducing specific CTL responses.
A compact satellite antenna module for GPS, Galileo, GLONASS, BeiDou and SDARS in automotive application (2017)

A new design concept of a compact satellite antenna module for automotive application is presented, enabling mobile reception of all common navigation systems, e.g. GPS in L1&L2 bands, Galileo, GLONASS, BeiDou, as well as reception of satellite digital audio radio service (SDARS). A new design concept allows easy fabrication in combination with high reception properties. The performance of the antenna module, fulfilment of the requirements of car manufacturers and service providers is proven by simulated and measured results, showing the high realized gain for circular polarization, efficiency, matching and decoupling against terrestrial interferers.
The involvement of photosystem II‐generated H2O2in photoinhibition (1991)

The involvement of H2O2 generated by photosystem II (PSII) in the process of photoinhibition of thylakoids with a functional oxygen-evolving complex (OEC) was investigated. The rate of photoinhibition was decreased to the rate of loss of activity in the dark when bovine Fe-catalase was present during the photoinhibitory illumination. Photoinhibition was accelerated for both Cl(-)-depleted and Cl(-)-sufficient thylakoids when KCN was present to inhibit the thylakoid-bound Fe-catalase. We propose that these preparations become photoinhibited by reactions with H2O2 produced via oxidation of water by the Cl(-)-depleted OEC and by reduction of O2 at the QB site when PSII is illuminated without an electron acceptor.
Discrimination of MUC1 mucins from other sialyl-Le(a)-carrying glycoproteins produced by colon carcinoma cells using a novel monoclonal antibody. (1993)

Earlier studies (Baeckström et al., J. Biol. Chem., 266: 21537-21547, 1991) have revealed that the colon carcinoma cell line COLO 205 produces two different proteins carrying the carcinoma-associated sialyl-Le(a) carbohydrate epitope. One is the MUC1 mucin apoprotein, and the other protein is smaller and has not been characterized in detail. This paper describes a comparison of COLO 205 with three other colon carcinoma cell lines, aided by the use of a novel MUC1-reactive monoclonal antibody, Ma552. Ma552 reacted with H-CanAg, the MUC1 mucin purified from COLO 205, the binding increasing greatly upon partial deglycosylation of H-CanAg with trifluoromethanesulfonic acid. This pattern of reactivity was in contrast with that of the MUC1-reactive monoclonal antibody HMFG-2, which did not recognize H-CanAg without prior deglycosylation. The nature of the epitope of Ma552 was further investigated using a synthetic peptide corresponding to the tandem-repeat sequence of the MUC1 protein. When the peptide was used as an inhibitor of antibody binding to immobilized, partially deglycosylated H-CanAg mucin, Ma552 was inhibited, as was HMFG-2. Using short, immobilized synthetic peptides identical to parts of the MUC1 tandem repeat, the reactivity of Ma552 was mapped to the hexapeptide TRPAPG. Ma552 and C50, a monoclonal antibody reactive with sialyl-Le(a), were used in immunofluorometric assays to analyze gel filtration fractions of extracts and spent media from the colorectal carcinoma cell lines COLO 205, SW1116, LoVo, and LS 174T. Using C50 in a homologous assay, all sialyl-Le(a)-carrying glycoproteins were detected. Among these, mucins based on the MUC1 apoprotein were identified using Ma552 and C50 in a combination assay. The results showed that sialyl-Le(a) was present on more than one glycoprotein not only in COLO 205 but also in SW1116 and LoVo. The Ma552/Eu-C50 assay revealed the presence of sialyl-Le(a)-carrying MUC1 in COLO 205 as expected, as well as in SW1116. The presence of MUC1 in Ma552-reactive fractions was confirmed by deglycosylation followed by assaying with the monoclonal antibody HMFG-2. Furthermore, Northern blots revealed the presence of MUC1 mRNA only in the two Ma552-positive cell lines.
No filaggrin gene mutation in a patient with a combination of atopic dermatitis, alopecia areata and food allergy (2012)

ejd.2012.1875 Auteur(s) : Sachiko Ono, Atsushi Otsuka, Yoshiki Miyachi, Kenji Kabashima kaba@kuhp.kyoto-u.ac.jp Department of Dermatology, Kyoto School of Medicine 54 Shogoin-Kawara Sakyo, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a common chronic skin disease with high heritability. Skin barrier defect in AD can be a risk factor for developing food sensitization [1]. In addition, an association of AD and alopecia areata (AA) has previously been reported [2]. Recent meta-analyses have confirmed [...]
Electric Birefringence of Electrolytes near Charged Surfaces, I (2007)

We investigate electric birefringence of aqueous electrolyte solutions near a negatively charged silica glass surface using evanescent wave laser polarimetry (EWLP). By probing changes in the polarization state of visible light totally internally reflected at the solid−liquid interface, EWLP facilitates unprecedented measurements of electric-field-induced birefringence in a thin electrolyte film, O (150 nm), adsorbed on the glass surface. For aqueous NaCl and MgCl2 solutions (1−100 mM), these measurements reveal Kerr law behavior over a range of pH and solution concentrations. The Kerr coefficients are, however, several orders of magnitude larger than values normally obtained from bulk electric birefringence measurements. We propose that formation of anisotropic, polarizable ionic clusters near the glass surface is the source of these observations. Orientation of the clusters by the electric field is confined in the plane defined by the glass/electrolyte interface and is attributed to rearrangement of the constituent ions. Birefringence relaxation measurements reveal relaxation times, τ, many orders of magnitude larger than typically observed in molecular fluids. These measurements also show that τ is independent of both the electrolyte concentration, c, and pH. We discuss these latter observations in terms of an ion redistribution process, wherein the intrinsic surface adsorption−desorption rates of ions in the clusters determine the time constant for relaxation of surface birefringence.
Growth Factor Independent 1b (Gfi1b) Is Highly Expressed in Human CML and Accelerates p210BCR-ABL Induced Leukemia in Mice. (2007)

Abstract Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is one of the most frequent leukemic diseases and invariably associated with a reciprocal t(9;22) translocation which creates a juxtaposition of the BCR and ABL genes to form the p230-, p190- or p210BCR-ABL constitutively active tyrosine kinases. This constitutive tyrosine kinase activity is the cause of CML and other leukemic diseases. CML is very efficiently treated with small molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitors, but CML is a stem cell initiated disease and surprisingly the leukemic stem cells cannot be eradicated by tyrosine kinase inhibitor treatment, resulting in a high risk of the development of therapy resistance. To design more successful therapies, it is primordial to understand the molecular mechanisms underlying this disease. Here we show that growth factor independent 1b (Gfi1b), also translocated in CML, is strongly induced in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) in patients with chronic- or acute myeloid leukemia (AML) as well as in patients suffering from myeloprolifarative syndrome (MPS) or B-lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL). Gfi1b is a transcriptional repressor essential for erythroid- and megacaryocytic cells, but also expressed in hematopoietic stem cells, early myeloid precursors and mature myeloid cells in peripheral blood. Interestingly, the expression of Gfi1b is further induced by long term treatment with tyrosine kinase inhibitors like Glivec, although the patients are phenotypically in remission. Additionally we describe a new splice variant of Gfi1b which is overrepresented in CML, AML and B-ALL, but not in MPS. Using a mouse model system we demonstrate, that Gfi1b strongly accelerates p210BCR-ABL induced leukemogenesis. We further show that Gfi1b inhibits the activity of PU.1, a key molecule in hematopoiesis and repressor of leukemogenesis. Our findings bear considerable significance with regard to the role of Gfi1b as an oncogene in human leukemia and to its possible value as a new target for leukemia therapy.
Responses of IgM for enterovirus 71 infection (2002)

A rapid serological assay was developed for detection of specific IgM to enterovirus 71, a human picornavirus that is usually associated with severe central nervous system complications. The sensitivity and specificity of this "in-house" mu-capture enzyme linked-immunosorbent assay was assessed by testing 213 serum samples. With the conventional virus culture as a standard method, the sensitivity and specificity were 91.5 and 93.1%, respectively, for this newly developed immunoassay. This method allows for detection of the IgM responses from the patients either infected by genotype B or genotype C of enterovirus 71. IgM can be detected as early as the second day from the onset of disease. IgM responses exhibit 100% positive rate from enterovirus 71-infected patients with complications, including encephalitis, meningitis, polio-like syndrome, pulmonary edema, and fatal cases. These findings suggest that detection of specific IgM by the use of enzyme linked-immunosorbent assay is a rapid and valuable way for the diagnosis of enterovirus 71 infection.
Cell cycle regulatory gene abnormalities are important determinants of leukemogenesis and disease biology in adult acute lymphoblastic leukemia. (2000)

To test the hypothesis that cell cycle regulatory gene abnormalities are determinants of clinical outcome in adult acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), we screened lymphoblasts from patients on a Southwest Oncology Group protocol for abnormalities of the genes, retinoblastoma (Rb), p53, p15(INK4B), and p16(INK4A). Aberrant expression occurred in 33 (85%) patients in the following frequencies: Rb, 51%; p16(INK4A), 41%; p53, 26%. Thirteen patients (33%) had abnormalities in 2 or more genes. Outcomes were compared in patients with 0 to 1 abnormality versus patients with multiple abnormalities. The 2 groups did not differ in a large number of clinical and laboratory characteristics. The CR rates for patients with 0 to 1 and multiple abnormalities were similar (69% and 54%, respectively). Patients with 0 to 1 abnormality had a median survival time of 25 months (n = 26; 95% CI, 13-46 months) versus 8 months (n = 13; 95% CI, 4-12 months) for those with multiple abnormalities (P <.01). Stem cells (CD34+lin-) were isolated from adult ALL bone marrows and tested for p16(INK4A) expression by immunocytochemistry. In 3 of 5 patients lymphoblasts and sorted stem cells lacked p16(INK4A) expression. In 2 other patients only 50% of sorted stem cells expressed p16(INK4A). By contrast, p16 expression was present in the CD34+ lin- compartment in 95% (median) of 9 patients whose lymphoblasts expressed p16(INK4A). Therefore, cell cycle regulatory gene abnormalities are frequently present in adult ALL lymphoblasts, and they may be important determinants of disease outcome. The presence of these abnormalities in the stem compartment suggests that they contribute to leukemogenesis. Eradication of the stem cell subset harboring these abnormalities may be important to achieve cure.
Machine Learning for Medical Imaging (2017)

Machine learning is a technique for recognizing patterns that can be applied to medical images. Although it is a powerful tool that can help in rendering medical diagnoses, it can be misapplied. Machine learning typically begins with the machine learning algorithm system computing the image features that are believed to be of importance in making the prediction or diagnosis of interest. The machine learning algorithm system then identifies the best combination of these image features for classifying the image or computing some metric for the given image region. There are several methods that can be used, each with different strengths and weaknesses. There are open-source versions of most of these machine learning methods that make them easy to try and apply to images. Several metrics for measuring the performance of an algorithm exist; however, one must be aware of the possible associated pitfalls that can result in misleading metrics. More recently, deep learning has started to be used; this method has the benefit that it does not require image feature identification and calculation as a first step; rather, features are identified as part of the learning process. Machine learning has been used in medical imaging and will have a greater influence in the future. Those working in medical imaging must be aware of how machine learning works. <sup>©</sup>RSNA, 2017.
Microalgae for phosphorus removal and biomass production: a six species screen for dual‐purpose organisms (2012)

Abstract Microalgae biofuel production can be feasible when a second function is added, such as wastewater treatment. Microalgae differ in uptake of phosphorus (P) and growth, making top performer identification fundamental. The objective of this screen was to identify dual‐purpose candidates capable of high rates of P removal and growth. Three freshwater – Chlorella sp., Monoraphidium minutum sp., and Scenedesmus sp. – and three marine – Nannochloropsis sp., N. limnetica sp., and Tetraselmis suecica sp. – species were batch cultured in 250 mL flasks over 16 days to quantitate total phosphorus (TP) removal and growth as a function of P loads (control, and 5, 10, and 15 mg L −1 enrichment of control). Experimental design used 100 μmol m −2 s −1 of light, a light/dark cycle of 14/10 h, and no CO 2 enrichment. Phosphorus uptake was dependent on species, duration of exposure, and treatment, with significant interaction effects. Growth was dependant on species and treatment. Not all species showed increased P removal with increasing P addition, and no species demonstrated higher growth. Nannochloropsis sp and N. limnetica sp. performed poorly across all treatments. Two dual‐purpose candidates were identified. At the 10 mg L −1 treatment Monoraphidium minutum sp. removed 67.1% (6.66 mg L −1 ± 0.60 SE) of TP at day 8, 79.3% (7.86 mg L −1 ± 0.28 SE) at day 16, and biomass accumulation of 0.63 g L −1 ± 0.06 SE at day 16. At the same treatment Tetraselmis suecica sp. removed 79.4% (6.98 mg L −1 ± 0.24 SE) TP at day 8, 83.0% (7.30 mg L −1 ± 0.60 SE) at day 16, and biomass of 0.55 g L −1 ± 0.02 SE at day 16. These species merit further study using high‐density wastewater cultures and lipid profiling to assess suitability for a nutrient removal and biomass/biofuel production scheme.
Use of a New-Generation Reverse Tetracycline Transactivator System for Quantitative Control of Conditional Gene Expression in the Murine Lung (2010)

Conditional regulation of gene expression by the combined use of a lung-specific promoter and the tetracycline-regulated system provides a powerful tool for studying gene function in lung biology and disease pathogenesis in a development-independent fashion. However, the original version of the reverse tetracycline-dependent transactivator (rtTA) exhibited limited doxycycline sensitivity and residual affinity to its promoter (P(tet)), producing leaky transgene expression in the absence of doxycycline. These limitations impeded the use of this system in studying gene dosage effects in pulmonary pathogenesis and repair mechanisms in the diseased lung. Therefore, we used a new-generation rtTA, rtTA2(s)-M2, with no basal activity and increased doxycycline sensitivity, and the rat Clara cell secretory protein (CCSP) promoter to target its expression to pulmonary epithelia in mice. Novel CCSP-rtTA2(s)-M2 founder lines were crossed, with bi-transgenic reporter mice expressing luciferase and Cre recombinase. Background activity, doxycycline sensitivity, tissue and cell-type specificity, inducibility, and reversibility of doxycycline-dependent gene expression were determined by luciferase activity, immunohistochemistry, morphometry, and bioluminescence measurements in neonatal and adult lungs. We generated two distinct novel CCSP-rtTA2(s)-M2 activator mouse lines that confer tight and doxycycline dose-dependent regulation of transgene expression, with high inducibility, complete reversibility, and no background activity, in airway and alveolar epithelia. We conclude that rtTA2(s)-M2 enables quantitative control of conditional gene expression in respiratory epithelia of the murine lung, and that the new CCSP-rtTA2(s)-M2 activator mouse lines will be useful in the further elucidation of the pathogenesis of complex lung diseases and in studies of lung repair.
A Combinatorial Amino Acid Code for RNA Recognition by Pentatricopeptide Repeat Proteins (2012)

The pentatricopeptide repeat (PPR) is a helical repeat motif found in an exceptionally large family of RNA-binding proteins that functions in mitochondrial and chloroplast gene expression. PPR proteins harbor between 2 and 30 repeats and typically bind single-stranded RNA in a sequence-specific fashion. However, the basis for sequence-specific RNA recognition by PPR tracts has been unknown. We used computational methods to infer a code for nucleotide recognition involving two amino acids in each repeat, and we validated this model by recoding a PPR protein to bind novel RNA sequences in vitro. Our results show that PPR tracts bind RNA via a modular recognition mechanism that differs from previously described RNA-protein recognition modes and that underpins a natural library of specific protein/RNA partners of unprecedented size and diversity. These findings provide a significant step toward the prediction of native binding sites of the enormous number of PPR proteins found in nature. Furthermore, the extraordinary evolutionary plasticity of the PPR family suggests that the PPR scaffold will be particularly amenable to redesign for new sequence specificities and functions.
A Cross-Entropy Based Approach for UAV Task Allocation with Nonlinear Reward (2010)

This paper presents an approach based on the cross-entropy method to solve the multi-agent task allocation problem. The approach is designed to generate plans for any general nonlinear reward structure and constraints eciently to enable rapid replanning. The problem is formulated as an nonlinear integer programming optimization problem with constraints. The cross-entropy based algorithm is then used to solve the optimization problem and is shown to be computationally ecient with good performance when compared to other approximate nonlinear optimization algorithms.
SERIAL CIRCULATING ADHESION MOLECULE LEVELS REFLECT DISEASE SEVERITY IN SYSTEMIC SCLEROSIS (1995)

Microvascular damage occurs in systemic sclerosis (SSc) and is associated with increased expression of endothelial adhesion molecules, including intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) and E-selectin. Elevated levels of the soluble circulating forms of these molecules have recently been reported in SSc. We have extended this observation by collecting serial serum samples from 12 patients with systemic sclerosis, at intervals between 4 and 12 months, through the course of their disease (mean period of observation 44 months). Circulating ICAM-1, VCAM-1 and E-selectin were measured by ELISA, and changes in these levels were compared with alterations in disease activity as assessed by skin sclerosis score, serum creatinine, erythrocyte sedimentation rate and pulmonary function tests coincident with each serum sample. The mean levels were ICAM-1 627 ng/ml, VCAM-1 959 ng/ml and E-selectin 81 ng/ml. In 8/12 patients, there was a substantial change in at least one disease parameter during the assessment period. In seven (88%) of these patients, changes in circulating VCAM-1 or E-selectin were associated with disease severity, falling with improvement in renal function or skin score, and rising with deterioration in pulmonary function tests. The maximum recorded level of VCAM-1 (3550 ng/ml) shortly preceded an acute renal SSc crisis. In two cases (25%), the correlation was statistically significant (P < or = 0.01). The ICAM-1 level did not reflect clinical changes in any patients. These results provide further evidence for endothelial cell dysfunction in SSc, and suggest that serial measurements of VCAM-1 and E-selectin may have potential value as surrogate markers for clinical progression or remission in this disease.
Reticular erythematous mucinosis syndrome with an infiltration of factor XIIIa+ and hyaluronan synthase 2+ dermal dendrocytes (2001)

We report a patient with reticular erythematous mucinosis (REM) syndrome. Content of hyaluronan in lesional skin was approximately 2.9-fold higher than in the patient's uninvolved skin, but its synthetic activity in fibroblasts explanted from lesional skin remained unchanged. Immunohistochemical study using antifactor XIIIa (anti-FXIIIa) antibody demonstrated that the number of FXIIIa+ cells in the lesional skin was significantly increased compared with those in the patient's uninvolved skin and in normal control skin samples (P < 0.01). As hyaluronan is considered to be synthesized by hyaluronan synthase (HAS), which is composed of three genetically distinct isoforms (HAS1, HAS2 and HAS3), the cells responsible for the accumulation of hyaluronan in lesional skin were immunohistochemically examined using antibodies for HAS1, HAS2 and HAS3. The specific antibody for HAS2 was found to react with some populations of FXIIIa+ cells in the involved skin, and the number of HAS2+ cells was significantly increased in the involved skin (P < 0.01). The results suggest that accumulation of hyaluronan in REM may be related to populations of FXIIIa+/HAS2+ dermal dendrocytes rather than to dermal fibroblasts.
Indium(III)-Catalyzed Cationic Cyclization of 1,1-Difluoroallenes: Regioselective Synthesis of 1-Fluoronaphthalenes (2014)

Abstract 1,1-Difluoroallenes underwent InBr3-catalyzed ring construction via in situ-generated allylic CF2 cations to give 1-fluoronaphthalenes in good yield. DFT calculations suggested that a positive charge was localized on the CF2 carbon in the key allylic CF2 cation, which was stabilized by (1) α-cation stabilizing effect of the fluorines and (2) hyperconjugation with the adjuscent C–In σ bond.