gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effects of pyridostigmine bromide on human thermoregulation during cold water immersion (1991)

This study examined the effects of an oral 30-mg dose of pyridostigmine bromide (PYR) on thermoregulatory and physiological responses of men undergoing cold stress. Six men were immersed in cold water (20 degrees C) for up to 180 min on two occasions, once each 2 h after ingestion of PYR and 2 h after ingestion of a placebo. With PRY, erythrocyte cholinesterase inhibition was 33 +/- 12% (SD) 110 min postingestion (10 min preimmersion) and 30 +/- 7% at termination of exposure (mean 117 min). Percent cholinesterase inhibition was significantly related to lean body mass (r = -0.91, P less than 0.01). Abdominal discomfort caused termination in three of six PYR experiments but in none of the control experiments (mean exposure time 142 min). During immersion, metabolic rate, ventilatory volume, and respiratory rate increased significantly (P less than 0.05) over preimmersion levels and metabolic rate increased with duration of immersion (P less than 0.01) in both treatment but did not differ between conditions. PYR had no significant effect on rectal temperature, mean body temperature, thermal sensations, heart rate, plasma cortisol, or change in plasma volume. It was concluded that a 30-mg dose of PYR does not increase an individual's susceptibility to hypothermia during cold water immersion; however, in combination with cold stress, PYR may result in marked abdominal cramping and limit cold tolerance.
Weather Conditions and Telematics Panel Data in Monthly Motor Insurance Claim Frequency Models (2023)

Risk analysis in motor insurance aims to identify factors that increase the frequency of accidents. Telematics data is used to measure behavioural information of drivers. Contextual variables include temperature, rain, wind and traffic conditions that are external to the driver, but may also influence the probability of having an accident, as well as vehicle and personal characteristics. This paper uses a monthly panel data structure and the Poisson model to predict the expected frequency of claims over time. Some meteorological information is included. Two types of claims are considered separately: only those related to at-fault third-party liability accidents, and all types of claims including assistance on the road. A sample of drivers in Spain in 2018–2019 is analysed with information on claiming frequency per month. Drivers were observed for seven months. Our analysis is novel because monthly summaries of telematics information are combined with weather data in a panel structure, revealing that external factors affect the expected claims frequencies. Reckless speeding behaviours and intense urban circulation increase the risk of an accident, which also increases with windy conditions.
Supplementary Data from Enhanced SLAMF7 Homotypic Interactions by Elotuzumab Improves NK Cell Killing of Multiple Myeloma (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Figures 1-9&lt;/p&gt;
G-DYN Multibody Dynamics Engine (2011)

G-DYN is a multi-body dynamic simulation software engine that automatically assembles and integrates equations of motion for arbitrarily connected multibody dynamic systems. The algorithm behind G-DYN is based on a primal-dual formulation of the dynamics that captures the position and velocity vectors (primal variables) of each body and the interaction forces (dual variables) between bodies, which are particularly useful for control and estimation analysis and synthesis. It also takes full advantage of the spare matrix structure resulting from the system dynamics to numerically integrate the equations of motion efficiently. Furthermore, the dynamic model for each body can easily be replaced without re-deriving the overall equations of motion, and the assembly of the equations of motion is done automatically. G-DYN proved an essential software tool in the simulation of spacecraft systems used for small celestial body surface sampling, specifically in simulating touch-and-go (TAG) maneuvers of a robotic sampling system from a comet and asteroid. It is used extensively in validating mission concepts for small body sample return, such as Comet Odyssey and Galahad New Frontiers proposals.
A pilot study of minimum operational flow for loose-fitting powered air-purifying respirators used in healthcare cleaning services (2019)

The objective of this pilot study was to determine the minimum operational flow for loose-fitting powered air-purifying respirators (PAPR) used in healthcare cleaning services. An innovative respiratory flow recording device was worn by nine healthcare workers to obtain the minute volume (MV, L/min), mean inhalation flow (MIF, L/min), and peak inhalation flow (PIF, L/min) while performing "isolation unit work" (cleaning and disinfecting) of a patient room within 30 min. The MV and PIF were compared with the theoretical values obtained from an empirical formula. The correlations of MV, MIF, and PIF with subjects' age, weight, height, body surface area (A<sub>Du</sub>), and body mass index (BMI) were analyzed. The average MV, MIF, and PIF were 33, 74, and 107 L/min, with maximal airflow rates of 41, 97, and 145 L/min, respectively, which are all below the current 170 L/min minimum operational flow for NIOSH certified loose-fitting PAPRs.
Modeling of vapor compression cycles for advanced controls in HVAC systems (2005)

This paper presents a new lumped-parameter model for describing the dynamics of vapor compression cycles. In particular, the dynamics associated with the two heat exchangers, i.e. the evaporator and the condenser, are modeled based on a moving-interface approach by which the position of the two-phase/single-phase interface inside the one-dimensional heat exchanger can be properly predicted. This model relates critical performance outputs, such as evaporating pressure, condensing pressure, and superheat, to actuating inputs including compressor speed, fan speed, and expansion valve opening. In view of regulating multiple performance outputs in modern heat pumps and air conditioning systems, this model is highly useful for the design of multivariable feedback control.
Correlation between polarization and intensity in argon-ion lasers (1994)

The nature and behavior of the eigenstates of a multimode argon-ion laser containing a variable linear loss anisotropy and submitted to a longitudinal magnetic field are theoretically and experimentally investigated. In particular it is shown that for a given value of the loss anisotropy a transition occurs for a given value of the longitudinal magnetic field. This defines the concept of a critical magnetic field for multimode lasers. For this value of the magnetic field the eigenstates of the multimode laser pass from linearly polarized eigenstates to circularly polarized eigenstates. The shapes of the output spectra for the different behaviors are discussed and observed, and the correlation between the nature of these eigenstates and the output power of the laser is investigated. The puzzling output power enhancement caused by the insertion of a Brewster window is interpreted.
Message from the 2006 Program Chair (2006)

1. Bernard P. Nusbaum, MD 1. Chair, 2006 Annual Scientific Meeting </br>![][1]</img> Dear Colleagues: As Program Chair for the ISHRS’s 14th Annual Scientific Meeting in San Diego, I am pleased to inform you of the exciting developments that have taken place during the planning process
Potential for control of seedling blight of wheat caused byFusarium graminearumand related species using the bacterial endophyteBacillus mojavensis (2007)

Abstract Fusarium-infected wheat seed decreases germination, seedling emergence, and causes post emergence seedling death, and can contribute to wheat scab and ear rot of maize, with consequent production of mycotoxins such as deoxynivalenol and zearalenone. Current seed treatments have proved ineffective in controlling seedling blight and scab. A patented endophytic bacterial strain, Bacillus mojavensis RRC 101, and several other strains of this species were studied to determine in vitro antagonism to some Fusarium species and to assess the potential of this bacterium to serve as an endophytic biocontrol for seedling blight of wheat produced by species within the F. graminearum complex, as well as other species of Fusarium. Seedling emergence and seed germination were two tests used as indicators of seedling blight. These tests were conducted in growth rooms with two wheat cultivars highly susceptible to scab, Norm and Pioneer 2552, and other cultivars with varying resistance to scab. The results indicated that all strains of this bacterium were antagonistic in vitro to the strains of F. graminearum and its seven related species, as well as four strains of F. pseudograminearum and the two strains of F. verticillioides. Germination of the highly scab susceptible cultivar 2552 was increased from 77 to 97% when planted in soil containing a mixed inoculum of F. graminearum and related species. Seedling emergence in the very susceptible wheat cultivar Norm increased from 20 to 82% when treated with the bacterium. The data indicated that inoculating wheat kernels with B. mojavensis reduced seedling blight of wheat produced by F. graminearum and related Fusarium species indicating the potential for this bacterium as a biocontrol under field condition.
Linear Actuators: Buckling Pneumatic Linear Actuators Inspired by Muscle (Adv. Mater. Technol. 3/2016) (2016)

The mechanical characteristics of biological muscles are difficult to reproduce completely in synthetic systems. In article 1600055, George M. Whitesides and co-workers demonstrate a new class of soft pneumatic structures (VAMPs, or vacuum-actuated muscle-inspired pneumatic structures) that combine actuation by negative pressure (vacuum), with cooperative buckling of elastomer to achieve motion, and demonstrate features similar to mammalian muscle.
P2X7 nucleotide receptors mediate caspase-8/9/3-dependent apoptosis in rat primary cortical neurons (2005)

Apoptosis is a major cause of cell death in the nervous system. It plays a role in embryonic and early postnatal brain development and contributes to the pathology of neurodegenerative diseases. Here, we report that activation of the P2X(7) nucleotide receptor (P2X(7)R) in rat primary cortical neurons (rPCNs) causes biochemical (i.e., caspase activation) and morphological (i.e., nuclear condensation and DNA fragmentation) changes characteristic of apoptotic cell death. Caspase-3 activation and DNA fragmentation in rPCNs induced by the P2X(7)R agonist BzATP were inhibited by the P2X(7)R antagonist oxidized ATP (oATP) or by pre-treatment of cells with P2X(7)R antisense oligonucleotide indicating a direct involvement of the P2X(7)R in nucleotide-induced neuronal cell death. Moreover, Z-DEVD-FMK, a specific and irreversible cell permeable inhibitor of caspase-3, prevented BzATP-induced apoptosis in rPCNs. In addition, a specific caspase-8 inhibitor, Ac-IETD-CHO, significantly attenuated BzATP-induced caspase-9 and caspase-3 activation, suggesting that P2X(7)R-mediated apoptosis in rPCNs occurs primarily through an intrinsic caspase-8/9/3 activation pathway. BzATP also induced the activation of C-jun N-terminal kinase 1 (JNK1) and extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK1/2) in rPCNs, and pharmacological inhibition of either JNK1 or ERK1/2 significantly reduced caspase activation by BzATP. Taken together, these data indicate that extracellular nucleotides mediate neuronal apoptosis through activation of P2X(7)Rs and their downstream signaling pathways involving JNK1, ERK and caspases 8/9/3.
Gene expression profiling of liver from dairy cows treated intra-mammary with lipopolysaccharide (2008)

Performing global gene expression analysis on liver tissue from IM LPS treated cows verified that the liver plays a major role in the APR of E. coli mastitis, and that the bovine hepatic APR follows the same pattern as other mammals when they are challenged with LPS. Our work presents the first insight into the dynamic changes in gene expression in the liver that influences the induction, kinetics and clinical outcome of the APR in dairy cows.
Characterization of the dapA - nlpB Genetic Locus Involved in Regulation of Swarming Motility, Cell Envelope Architecture, Hemolysin Production, and Cell Attachment Ability in Serratia marcescens (2005)

Swarming migration of Serratia marcescens requires both flagellar motility and cellular differentiation and is a population-density-dependent behavior. While the flhDC and quorum-sensing systems have been characterized as important factors regulating S. marcescens swarming, the underlying molecular mechanisms are currently far from being understood. Serratia swarming is thermoregulated and is characterized by continuous surface migration on rich swarming agar surfaces at 30 degrees C but not at 37 degrees C. To further elucidate the mechanisms, identification of specific and conserved regulators that govern the initiation of swarming is essential. We performed transposon mutagenesis to screen for S. marcescens strain CH-1 mutants that swarmed at 37 degrees C. Analysis of a "precocious-swarming" mutant revealed that the defect in a conserved dapA(Sm)-nlpB(Sm) genetic locus which is closely related to the synthesis of bacterial cell wall peptidoglycan is responsible for the aberrant swarming phenotype. Further complementation and gene knockout studies showed that nlpB(Sm), which encodes a membrane lipoprotein, NlpB(Sm), but not dapA(Sm), is specifically involved in swarming regulation. On the other hand, dapA(Sm) but not nlpB(Sm) is responsible for the determination of cell envelope architecture, regulation of hemolysin production, and cellular attachment capability. While the nlpB(Sm) mutant showed similar cytotoxicity to its parent strain, the dapA(Sm) mutant significantly increased in cytotoxicity. We present evidence that DapA(Sm) is involved in the determination of cell-envelope-associated phenotypes and that NlpB(Sm) is involved in the regulation of swarming motility.
Possible Effects of Acupuncture on Atrial Fibrillation and Post-Herpetic Neuralgia – a Case Report (2008)

A 72 year old female with a main complaint of severe post-herpetic neuralgia and a secondary complaint of atrial fibrillation (AF) received two series of acupuncture treatments totalling 20 treatments over a four month period. Her standard medical treatment remained unchanged. The primary focus of the acupuncture was pain relief; however, two acupuncture points (PC6, SP4) were included in both treatment series because of possible effects on both costal or chest pain and cardiac arrhythmias, according to Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) teaching and limited research. As recorded by her pacemaker, estimated weekly episodes of AF in the patient decreased significantly, and percentage time in AF decreased with borderline statistical significance, from the pretreatment estimates during the second series of treatments (weekly AF episode estimates: pretreatment=71.4; second series=16.5, difference estimates=-54.9, 95% CI -6.5 to -103.3, P=0.02; percentage time in AF estimates: pretreatment=30.6; 2 second series=18.0, difference estimates=-12.6, 95% CI 0.9 to -26.0, P=0.08). The pain levels were also significantly reduced following the acupuncture treatment series by more than 67%. Further studies are warranted to further explore these observations of a possible effect of acupuncture on both atrial fibrillation and post-herpetic neuralgia.
Involvement of Apelin/APJ Axis in Thrombogenesis in Valve Heart Disease Patients with Atrial Fibrillation (2018)

The mechanism underlying thrombosis in atrial fibrillation (AF) is not yet clearly understood. The apelin/APJ axis parallel and counter-regulate with the angiotensin system. The present study hypothesizes that apelin/APJ axis exert its anti-thrombus effect in normal left atrial tissue and is disrupted by up-regulated renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) signaling during AF. The specimens of left atrial appendages collected from patients with rheumatic mitral stenosis who underwent valve replacement were divided into 3 groups: sinus rhythm, AF<sup>+</sup>/thrombus<sup>-</sup>, and AF<sup>+</sup>/thrombus<sup>+</sup>. The amounts of angiotensin II receptor subtype 1 (AT1), apelin/APJ and its downstream plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) were detected by western blot. The expression of apelin/APJ was significantly decreased in the AF<sup>+</sup>/thrombus<sup>+</sup> group compared with the sinus rhythm and AF<sup>+</sup>/thrombus<sup>-</sup> groups. Meanwhile the expressions of AT1 and PAI-1 were highest in the AF<sup>+</sup>/thrombus<sup>+</sup> group compared to the other two groups. Taken together, the present study reveals apelin/APJ axis might be correlated with thrombosis in patients with AF mediated by PAI-1.
Hypercomplex Fourier Transforms of Color Images (2006)

Fourier transforms are a fundamental tool in signal and image processing, yet, until recently, there was no definition of a Fourier transform applicable to color images in a holistic manner. In this paper, hypercomplex numbers, specifically quaternions, are used to define a Fourier transform applicable to color images. The properties of the transform are developed, and it is shown that the transform may be computed using two standard complex fast Fourier transforms. The resulting spectrum is explained in terms of familiar phase and modulus concepts, and a new concept of hypercomplex axis. A method for visualizing the spectrum using color graphics is also presented. Finally, a convolution operational formula in the spectral domain is discussed.
Depolarization-Associated Iron Release with Abrupt Reduction in Pulmonary Endothelial Shear Stress In Situ (2000)

This study evaluated the roles of endothelial cell membrane potential and reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the increase of tissue free iron during lung ischemia. Oxygenated ischemia was produced in the isolated rat lung by discontinuing perfusion while ventilation with O2 was maintained. We have shown previously that tissue oxygenation is maintained in this model of ischemia and that biochemical changes are the result of an abrupt reduction in endothelial shear stress. With 1 hr oxygenated ischemia, generation of ROS, evaluated by oxidation of dichlorodihydrofluorescein (H2DCF) to fluorescent dichlorofluorescein, increased 8.0-fold, lung thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) increased 3.4-fold, and lung protein carbonyl content increased 2.4-fold. Lung tissue free iron, measured in the lung homogenate with a fluorescent desferrioxamine derivative, increased 4.0-fold during ischemia. Pretreatment of lungs with thapsigargin abolished the increase in free iron with ischemia indicating that this effect is dependent on Ca2+ release from intracellular stores. Perfusion of lungs with high (25 mM) K+ to depolarize the endothelium also led to a significant increase in tissue free iron. Pretreatment of lungs with 35 microM cromakalim, a K+-channel agonist, significantly inhibited both ischemia-induced tissue oxidant injury and the increase in free iron with ischemia or with high K+ perfusion. A similar increase in free iron was observed when lungs were ventilated with either O2 or N2 during the ischemic period or were pre-perfused with an inhibitor of ROS production (diphenyleneiodonium). These results indicate that ROS generation is not required for ischemia-mediated iron release. Thus, ROS generation and iron release with ischemia are independent although both are subsequent to endothelial cell membrane depolarization.
Aggregation Bias and the Repeat Sales Price Index (2003)

This paper examines whether any consistent bias can be found in the creation of a repeat sales price index at the state level. This is done by comparing a transaction-based index with a housing-stock-based index. The housing-stock-based index weights each observed repeat transaction by the amount of housing it represents. Therefore, the aggregate or regional index should reflect the true appreciation of house prices.
Treatment, outcome, and cost of care in children with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (2005)

Data were reviewed on treatment patterns, outcome, and hospital charges for children with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP). Records of 186 children with ITP, seen between January 1997 and April 2001, were reviewed. Hospital charges for initial management and first re-treatment were calculated by combining physician, hospital, and pathology charges. Anti-D immune globulin [anti-D IG] was used in 32.3%, intravenous immune globulin [IVIG] in 22.6%, steroids in 22.6%, combination therapies in 8%, and 14.5% were observed. Two patients had CNS bleeding, one with intraventricular hemorrhage at diagnosis, and the other with a parietal bleed 1 year from diagnosis. There was no significant differences in time to reach platelet counts of 20, 50, or 150 (x 10(9)/L) across different treatment groups. There was no significant difference in median charges for the IVIG and anti-D IG groups for the initial treatment of ITP. However, the IVIG was significantly more expensive than steroids or observation. Charges for the anti-D IG group were higher than the observation group but not the steroid group. After drug charges were excluded, patients in the IVIG group had statistically higher charges compared to patients in anti-D IG group. Almost half the patients were re-treated. There was no significant difference between anti-D IG, IVIG, and steroid groups when initial and re-treatment charges were combined. The observation group remained least expensive. Outcome for children with ITP is similar regardless of initial management. There is not a statistically significant difference in hospital charges between patients treated with anti-D IG and IVIG. The IVIG-treated group tends to be more costly, but this is not due to drug charges. Re-treatment is common and decreases the difference in patient charges among initial therapies.
Light‐cured glass ionomer cement as a retrograde root seal (1993)

A light-cured ionomer cement was investigated as a retrograde root seal, without a retrograde cavity. This was compared with the material used in a retrograde cavity, and with a conventional glass ionomer cement, as a seal. The adaptation and sealing ability of the test materials were assessed using a confocal optical microscope with a fluorescent dye. The root canals of 40 extracted human single-rooted teeth were prepared and filled with gutta-percha and sealer. All the teeth were subsequently apicected, then divided into four equal groups. In one group, a retrograde cavity was prepared, and the light-cured glass ionomer cement was placed as a retrograde root filling. No retrograde cavities were prepared in the three remaining groups. The light-cured glass ionomer cement was applied directly onto the apicected root face. Two different thicknesses of light-cured glass ionomer cement were tested, a thin layer (approximately 1 mm) in one group, and a thicker layer (> 1 mm) in another group. A conventional glass ionomer cement was used in the last group, and applied directly onto the root face in a single thickness (approximately 1 mm). In the group where the light-cured glass ionomer cement was used in a retrograde cavity, the material was often well adapted to one cavity wall, but gaps were found on the opposite wall. The light-cured and conventional glass ionomer cement retrograde root seals were well adapted to the root face, regardless of the thickness of material used. The thinly applied (approximately 1 mm) light-cured glass ionomer cement retrograde root seals permitted the least leakage.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)