gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Storage Stability of Bimodal Emulsions vs. Monomodal Emulsions (2017)

Storage stability is a very important parameter that has to be considered in the formulation of asphalt emulsions. When monomodal emulsions are formulated, Stokes’ law is fulfilled, therefore the higher the viscosity the less sedimentation, or the lower average droplet size the less sedimentation. But when bimodal emulsions are formulated, this rule does not apply. In this paper, two types of different emulsions are formulated: monomodal emulsions and bimodal emulsions. Bimodal emulsions are a combination of one large bitumen size and a small one. For this study, hard penetration bitumens were used, B35/50 and B15/25, because they are the most difficult bitumen to emulsify and, consequently, the worst sedimentation values are expected. Once the emulsions are manufactured, they are diluted to a bitumen rate concentration of 60% and 70%. Results show that bimodal emulsions, although having lower viscosity than their monomodal counterparts, have higher storage stability.
Auditory attention detection: Application in neuro-steered hearing aids (2017)

State-of-the-art hearing prostheses are equipped with acoustic noise reduction algorithms to improve speech intelligibility. However, cocktail party scenarios with multiple speakers pose a major challenge since it is difficult for the algorithm to determine which speaker it should enhance. To address this problem, electroencephalography (EEG) signals can be used to perform auditory attention detection (AAD), i.e., to detect which speaker the listener is attending to. Taking a step further towards realization of a neuro-steered hearing prosthesis, we worked on AAD-assisted noise suppression in a competing-speakers scenario in the presence of babble noise. We use an EEG-informed AAD module in combination with a blind source separation algorithm to extract the per-speaker envelopes from the microphone recordings, as well as a multi-channel Wiener filter to extract the denoised speech signal(s). Using a new algorithm pipeline, we obtain better AAD accuracies, and a better robustness to variations in speaker positions and signal-to-noise ratios (SNR), compared to previously reported results. Furthermore, the algorithm allows to switch more swiftly to the other speaker’s stream when there is a switch in attention.
Study ofJ/ψ→pp¯ϕat BESIII (2016)

Using a data sample of $1.31\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{9}$ $J/\ensuremath{\psi}$ events accumulated with the BESIII detector, the decay $J/\ensuremath{\psi}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}p\overline{p}\ensuremath{\phi}$ is studied via two decay modes, $\ensuremath{\phi}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{K}_{S}^{0}{K}_{L}^{0}$ and $\ensuremath{\phi}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{K}^{+}{K}^{\ensuremath{-}}$. The branching fraction of $J/\ensuremath{\psi}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}p\overline{p}\ensuremath{\phi}$ is measured to be $\mathcal{B}(J/\ensuremath{\psi}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}p\overline{p}\ensuremath{\phi})=[5.23\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.06(\mathrm{stat})\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.33(\mathrm{syst})]\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}5}$, which agrees well with a previously published measurement, but with a significantly improved precision. No evident enhancement near the $p\overline{p}$ mass threshold, denoted as $X(p\overline{p})$, is observed, and the upper limit on the branching fraction of $J/\ensuremath{\psi}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}X(p\overline{p})\ensuremath{\phi}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}p\overline{p}\ensuremath{\phi}$ is determined to be $\mathcal{B}(J/\ensuremath{\psi}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}X(p\overline{p})\ensuremath{\phi}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}p\overline{p}\ensuremath{\phi})&lt;2.1\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}7}$ at the 90% confidence level.
A Novel Transporter of SLC22 Family Specifically Transports Prostaglandins and Co-localizes with 15-Hydroxyprostaglandin Dehydrogenase in Renal Proximal Tubules (2010)

We identified a novel prostaglandin (PG)-specific organic anion transporter (OAT) in the OAT group of the SLC22 family. The transporter designated OAT-PG from mouse kidney exhibited Na(+)-independent and saturable transport of PGE(2) when expressed in a proximal tubule cell line (S(2)). Unusual for OAT members, OAT-PG showed narrow substrate selectivity and high affinity for a specific subset of PGs, including PGE(2), PGF(2alpha), and PGD(2). Similar to PGE(2) receptor and PGT, a structurally distinct PG transporter, OAT-PG requires for its substrates an alpha-carboxyl group, with a double bond between C13 and C14 as well as a (S)-hydroxyl group at C15. Unlike the PGE(2) receptor, however, the hydroxyl group at C11 in a cyclopentane ring is not essential for OAT-PG substrates. Addition of a hydroxyl group at C19 or C20 impairs the interaction with OAT-PG, whereas an ethyl group at C20 enhances the interaction, suggesting the importance of hydrophobicity around the omega-tail tip forming a "hydrophobic core" accompanied by a negative charge, which is essential for substrates of OAT members. OAT-PG-mediated transport is concentrative in nature, although OAT-PG mediates both facilitative and exchange transport. OAT-PG is kidney-specific and localized on the basolateral membrane of proximal tubules where a PG-inactivating enzyme, 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase, is expressed. Because of the fact that 15-keto-PGE(2), the metabolite of PGE(2) produced by 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase, is not a substrate of OAT-PG, the transport-metabolism coupling would make unidirectional PGE(2) transport more efficient. By removing extracellular PGE(2), OAT-PG is proposed to be involved in the local PGE(2) clearance and metabolism for the inactivation of PG signals in the kidney cortex.
Cyclosporine A reduces cerebral vasospasm after subarachnoid hemorrhage in dogs. (1990)

The double subarachnoid hemorrhage canine model was used to test the prophylactic value of immunosuppression in the prevention of cerebral vasospasm after subarachnoid hemorrhage. Dogs treated with cyclosporine A following the regimen prescribed for organ transplant procedures in patients showed a significant reduction in the severity of angiographic constriction of cerebral arteries. While basilar artery diameter after double experimental subarachnoid hemorrhage in a series of untreated dogs (n = 34) averaged 65% of baseline diameter, arterial diameter in dogs treated prophylactically (n = 18) with 6 mg/kg/day cyclosporine A and adjunct low-dose steroid averaged 80% of baseline diameter, for a mean reduction in the severity of chronic arterial constriction of 42%. More important than the average effect, however, is the statistical observation that this mean improvement was obtained primarily by a dramatic reduction in the incidence of severe cerebral vasospasm, the situation most likely to account for morbidity and mortality after aneurysmal rupture.
The Radiotherapy with Methotrexate, Vinblastine, Doxorubicin, and Cisplatin Treatment Is an Effective Therapeutic Option in Patients with Advanced or Metastatic Bladder Cancer (2011)

The objectives of this study were to determine the tolerability of combined use of methotrexate, vinblastine, doxorubicin, and cisplatin (MVAC) with external beam radiation therapy (EBRT) and to access the efficacy in patients with locally advanced or metastatic bladder cancer. From December 2000 to November 2010, 30 eligible patients were enrolled in this study. After receiving one cycle of MVAC treatment, all patients received EBRT with a half dose of MVAC treatment followed by two more cycles of chemotherapy. A standard fractionation with daily dose of 1.8-2.0 Gy was used, with the total dose up to 60 Gy over 5-6 weeks. The four-field box technique was utilized for radiation fields. Thirteen patients (43%) had complete response and 11 (37%) had partial response, with an overall response rate of 80%. The median overall survival and progression-free survival was 25.5 months and 12.8 months, respectively. In the complete-response patients, median overall survival was 37.1 months. Grade 3 or 4 neutropenia occurred in 25 patients (83%), but there were no severe infections. One patient (3%) had hemorrhagic radiation cystitis. There were no treatment-related deaths. Combined use of MVAC treatment with EBRT is a favorable therapeutic option for patients with advanced or metastatic bladder carcinoma. Given the safety and benefit profile found in this study, appropriate case selection is warranted in the future.
Colocalization of Transactivation-Responsive DNA-Binding Protein 43 and Huntingtin in Inclusions of Huntington Disease (2008)

Transactivation-responsive DNA-binding protein 43 (TDP-43) is a component of pathological inclusions in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and several forms of sporadic and familial frontotemporal lobar degeneration. Transactivation-responsive DNA-binding protein 43-immunostained inclusions have also been found in other neurodegenerative disorders including Alzheimer disease, dementia with Lewy bodies, and parkinsonism dementia complex of Guam. Here, we analyzed the occurrence of TDP-43 immunostaining in Huntington disease, which is characterized by inclusions containing mutated huntingtin. In all Huntington disease cases studied, TDP-43 was frequently colocalized with huntingtin in dystrophic neurites and various intracellular inclusions, but not in intranuclear inclusions; the latter were only stained with huntingtin and anti-ubiquitin antibodies. Two phosphorylation-dependent TDP-43 antibodies proved to be superior for detecting pathological inclusions because they did not stain nonphosphorylated TDP-43 in normal nuclei; staining of normal nuclei with phosphorylation-independent antibodies obscured the inclusions. Our results further add to the hypothesis that TDP-43 may be involved in the pathology of a variety of neurodegenerative disorders.
The Crl-RpoS Regulon of Escherichia coli (2007)

The RpoS subunit of RNA polymerase controls the expression of numerous genes involved in stationary phase and in response to different stress conditions. The regulatory protein Crl increases the activity of RpoS by direct interaction with the RpoS holoenzyme. To define the extent of the Crl regulon, we used two-dimensional SDS-PAGE to measure the role of Crl in regulating the expression of the Escherichia coliproteome in stationary phase at 30 degrees C. By comparing the proteome of four strains (wild type, crl(-), rpoS(-), and crl(-)rpoS(-)), we observed that the intensity of 74 spots was modified in at least one mutant context. 62 spots were identified by mass spectrometry and correspond to 40 distinct proteins. They were classified in four main categories: DNA metabolism, central metabolism, response to environmental modifications, and miscellaneous. Three proteins were specifically involved in quorum sensing: TnaA (the tryptophanase that converts tryptophan to indole), WrbA (Trp repressor-binding protein), and YgaG (homologous to LuxS, autoinducer-2 synthase). Because little is known about the regulation of Crl expression, we investigated the influence of diffusible molecules on the expression of Crl. Using Western blotting experiments, we showed that, at 30 degrees C, a diffusible molecule(s) produced during the transition phase between the exponential and stationary phases induces a premature expression of Crl. Indole was tested as one of the potential candidates: at 37 degrees C, it is present in the extracellular medium at a constant concentration, but at 30 degrees C, its concentration peaks during the transition phase. When indole was added to the culture medium, it also induced prematurely the expression of Crl at both the transcriptional and translational levels in a Crl-dependent manner. Crl may thus be considered a new environmental sensor via the indole concentration.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Magnetic Properties of R2Co17Nx Type Interstitial Compounds. (1993)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Electromagnetic scattering by a semielliptical trench filled with DNG metamaterial (2009)

A semielliptical trench flush-mounted under an infinite perfect electric conductor plane is considered. The trench is slotted along the interfocal distance of its cross-section, and is filled with a double-negative (DNG) metamaterial that is isoimpedance to the material filling the half-space above the trench. The primary field is a plane wave that is obliquely incident upon the trench from the half-space above it, in a direction perpendicular to the trench axis and polarized either parallel or perpendicular to the axis. This two-dimensional boundary-value problem is solved exactly by separation of variables. The field components are written as infinite series of products of radial and angular Mathieu functions. Since the indexes of refraction inside and outside the trench are real and of opposite sign, the properties of the angular Mathieu functions permit the explicit, analytical determination of the modal expansion coefficients, thus yielding a canonical solution to the problem. Numerical results are exhibited and discussed.
Capturing carbon dioxide from air (2014)

The goal of carbon sequestration is to take CO2 that would otherwise accumulate in the atmosphere and put it in safe and permanent storage. Most proposed methods would capture CO2 from concentrated sources like power plants. Indeed, on-site capture is the most sensible approach for large sources and initially offers the most cost-effective avenue to sequestration. For distributed, mobile sources like cars, on-board capture at affordable cost would not be feasible. Yet, in order to stabilize atmospheric levels of CO2, these emissions, too, will need to be curtailed. This paper suggests that extraction of CO2 from air could provide a viable and cost-effective alternative to changing the transportation infrastructure to non-carbonaceous fuels. Ambient CO2 in the air could be removed from natural airflow passing over absorber surfaces. The CO2 captured would compensate for CO2 emission from power generation two orders of magnitude larger than the power, which could have instead been extracted from the same airflow by a windmill of similar size. We outline several approaches, and show that the major cost is in the sorbent recovery and not in the capture process.
Determination of the water vapor continuum absorption by THz-TDS and Molecular Response Theory (2014)

Determination of the water vapor continuum absorption from 0.35 to 1 THz is reported. The THz pulses propagate though a 137 m long humidity-controlled chamber and are measured by THz time-domain spectroscopy (THz-TDS). The average relative humidity along the entire THz path is precisely obtained by measuring the difference between transit times of the sample and reference THz pulses to an accuracy of 0.1 ps. Using the measured total absorption and the calculated resonance line absorption with the Molecular Response Theory lineshape, based on physical principles and measurements, an accurate continuum absorption is obtained within four THz absorption windows, that agrees well with the empirical theory. The absorption is significantly smaller than that obtained using the van Vleck-Weisskopf lineshape with a 750 GHz cut-off.
WWW-based high performance computing support of acoustic matched field processing (2002)

Under the sponsorship of the Center of Excellence in Research Ocean Sciences (CEROS), the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA), and the US Navy, Science Applications International Corporation (SAIC) has developed several ocean acoustic data modeling and analysis utilities. Execution of these programs was limited however, because the implementations (which include broad-band matched field processing) exceeded the computing capacity of desktop computers, and the interface was burdened by the management of large quantities of parameter and output files. Further, the migration of these algorithms to powerful processors resulted in additional constraints such as difficulty in resource access, user authentication, run-time security, and non-standardized interfaces. This project addressed these concerns through simultaneous development of a World Wide Web (WWW)-based interface, and the migration of the core algorithms to the Maui Supercomputer Center (MSC) and a SAIC Linux cluster. Operators can now use common gateway interface (CGI) scripts to input parameters, launch jobs, view graphical display results, and monitor job status from the massively parallel processors (MPP). After which, the run-time parameters and output files are managed via a Web-based relational database management system (RDBMS). This paper describes the implementation details of the parallel computing infrastructure to support broad-band MFP, the Web-based interface, user authentication, job launch, the RDMS, and a cost/benefit analysis of the migration to a multiuser high performance computing (HPC) environment. Also discussed is the security measures selected to insure resource and user protection. To serve as a feasibility baseline for the future adaptation of other applications and platforms, performance metrics are presented for the migration and processing on the MSC MPP system and the SAIC Linux cluster.
A recirculating linac-based facility for ultrafast x-ray science (2004)

We present an updated design for a proposed source of ultra-fast synchrotron radiation pulses based on a recirculating superconducting linac, in particular the incorporation of EUV and soft x-ray production. The project has been named LUX - Linac-based Ultrafast X-ray facility. The source produces intense x-ray pulses with duration of 10-100 fs at a 10 kHz repetition rate, with synchronization of 10's fs, optimized for the study of ultra-fast dynamics. The photon range covers the EUV to hard x-ray spectrum by use of seeded harmonic generation in undulators, and a specialized technique for ultra-short-pulse photon production in the 1-10 keV range. High-brightness rf photocathodes produce electron bunches which are optimized either for coherent emission in free-electron lasers, or to provide a large x/y emittance ration and small vertical emittance which allows for manipulation to produce short-pulse hard x-rays. An injector linac accelerates the beam to 120 MeV, and is followed by four passes through a 600-720 MeV recirculating linac. We outline the major technical components of the proposed facility.
Dynamics and Plasticity of Weibel-Palade Bodies in Endothelial Cells (2006)

Agonist-induced release of endothelial cell specific storage granules, designated Weibel-Palade bodies (WPBs), provides the endothelium with the ability to rapidly respond to changes in its micro-environment. Originally being defined as an intracellular storage pool for von Willebrand factor (VWF), it has recently been shown that an increasing number of other components, including P-selectin, interleukin (IL)-8, eotaxin-3, endothelin-1, and angiopoietin-2, is present within this subcellular organelle, implicating a role for WPB exocytosis in inflammation, hemostasis, regulation of vascular tone and angiogenesis. Recent studies emphasize that WPBs provide a dynamic storage compartment whose contents can be regulated depending on the presence of inflammatory mediators in the vascular micro-environment. Additionally, release of WPBs is tightly regulated and feedback mechanisms have been identified that prevent excessive release of bioactive components from this subcellular organelle. The ability to regulate both contents and exocytosis of WPBs endows these endothelial cell specific organelles with a remarkable plasticity. This is most likely needed to allow for controlled delivery of bioactive components into the circulation on vascular perturbation.
Case-Studies of Decision Support Models for Collaboration in Tactical Mobile Environments (2007)

The paper addresses experimental studies of decision support models for collaboration in tactical network-centric operations. This project, supported by partners from Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory "LLNL", US Special Operations Command "SOCOM", Swedish Armed Forces, Austria, and Singapore. Naval Postgraduate Schools "NPS" Tactical Network Topology "TNT" is the base for the testbed, comprised of long-haul OFDM networks combined with self-forming wireless mesh links to unmanned aerial vehicles "UAVs", radiation detection sensors, and geographically distributed experts. The case-study conducted by the NPS student team during the Summer of 2006 included Maritime Interdiction Operation "MIO", High-Value Target "HVT" tracking, and Emergency Response coordination scenarios, in which geographically distributed command centers and subject matter experts collaborate to facilitate situational understanding and course of action selection. During the study NPS students observed communication processes of geographically distributed teams and were able to position collaborative process in the decision making space of Simon's problem solving model, Boyd's OODA Loop, and Alberts and Hayes' Collaboration Significant Influences model. The results show high fidelity of Alberts and Hayes' Collaboration Significant Influences model and reveal the requirements to collaborative network topology as well as multi participant team structures.
An Adaptive Nonlinear Control Strategy for Photolithography (1993)

A closed-loop adaptive control technique for photolithography is proposed and evaluated, In this strategy, development time is manipulated in order to keep the output critical dimension at a desired value despite the disruptive effects of unmeasured process disturbances. The adaptive control strategy incorporates a three parameter reduced-order model of the photo-lithography process, a parameter estimator, and a nonlinear model-based controller. Simulation studies show that the adaptive controller is able to reject the detrimental effects of process disturbances and bring the critical dimension back to its desired value. In the simulations, PROLITH was used to represent the real lithography process.
A graph based clustering technique for tweet summarization (2015)

Twitter is a very popular online social networking site, where hundreds of millions of tweets are posted every day by millions of users. Twitter is now considered as one of the fastest and most popular communication mediums, and is frequently used to keep track of recent events or news-stories. Whereas tweets related to a particular event / news-story can easily be found using keyword matching, many of the tweets are likely to contain semantically identical information. If a user wants to keep track of an event / news-story, it is difficult for him to have to read all the tweets containing identical or redundant information. Hence, it is desirable to have good techniques to summarize large number of tweets. In this work, we propose a graph-based approach for summarizing tweets, where a graph is first constructed considering the similarity among tweets, and community detection techniques are then used on the graph to cluster similar tweets. Finally, a representative tweet is chosen from each cluster to be included into the summary. The similarity among tweets is measured using various features including features based on WordNet synsets which help to capture the semantic similarity among tweets. The proposed approach achieves better performance than Sumbasic, an existing summarization technique.