gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Simple and Stable Lipid Bilayer Formation: A Droplets Contacting Method using Parylene Micro-pores for Multiple Ion Channel Recordings (2011)

This paper describes multiple ion-channel recordings through membrane proteins reconstituted in bilayer lipid membranes (BLMs) array. The BLMs array can be prepared by “Droplets Contacting Method” which forms BLMs at the interface of two lipid monolayers. Since this method does not require skilled techniques, it is highly reproducible and can be applied to automated system. We used a double well chip (DWC) for the droplets contacting method. We attempted to confine the BLMs forming areas with parylene micro-pore (parylene double well chip, PDWC) to augment the mechanical stability of BLMs. Subsequently, we arrayed the PDWC with electrodes for multiple recordings of channel proteins. We successfully demonstrated 14 channels simultaneous ion channel recordings through α-hemolysin.
Gene expression differences over a critical period of afferent-dependent neuron survival in the mouse auditory brainstem (2005)

Deprivation of auditory nerve input in young mice results in dramatic neuron death in the anteroventral cochlear nucleus (CN), while the same manipulation performed in older mice does not result in significant neuronal loss. The molecular basis underlying this critical period of susceptibility to loss of afferent input remains largely unknown. One possibility is that developmental differences in baseline mRNA expression of specific genes could predispose CN neurons to either death or survival after deafferentation. We used two microarray platforms to identify differentially expressed genes in the CN during and after this critical period. Results across platforms were also compared to each other. Three ages were examined; during the critical period (postnatal day (P)7), at the closing of the critical period (P14), and 1 week after the critical period (P21). Of all the genes surveyed (22,690 or 15,247), 1,082 were identified as significantly changed in expression during the critical period relative to after. Real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry confirmed and extended the microarray results for a subset of these genes. Further analysis of genes related to apoptotic pathways showed 6 out of 7 differentially expressed known pro-apoptotic genes had higher expression during the critical period. In contrast, 9 out of 11 differentially expressed known pro-survival genes increased after the critical period when CN neurons survive deprivation. This finding supports the concept that multiple neuroprotective mechanisms increase and pro-apoptotic factors decrease over development to protect mature neurons from stressful insults, making them less dependent on afferent input for survival.
Automatic 3-D segmentation of internal structures of the head in MR images using a combination of similarity and free-form transformations. II. Validation on severely atrophied brains (1999)

Studies aimed at quantifying neuroanatomical differences between populations require the volume measurements of individual brain structures. If the study contains a large number of images, manual segmentation is not practical. This study tests the hypothesis that a fully automatic, atlas-based segmentation method can be used to quantify atrophy indexes derived from the brain and cerebellum volumes in normal subjects and chronic alcoholics. This is accomplished by registering an atlas volume with a subject volume, first using a global transformation, and then improving the registration using a local transformation. Segmented structures in the atlas volume are then mapped to the corresponding structures in the subject volume using the combined global and local transformations. This technique has been applied to seven normal and seven alcoholic subjects. Three magnetic resonance volumes were obtained for each subject and each volume was segmented automatically, using the atlas-based method. Accuracy was assessed by manually segmenting regions and measuring the similarity between corresponding regions obtained automatically. Repeatability was determined by comparing volume measurements of segmented structures from each acquisition of the same subject. Results demonstrate that the method is accurate, that the results are repeatable, and that it can provide a method for automatic quantification of brain atrophy, even when the degree of atrophy is large.
Parallelized 3D microscopy based on reconfigurable incoherent light-sheet array multiplexing (2019)

We demonstrate a new type of parallelized volumetric fluorescence imaging without any scanning mechanism, coined coded light-sheet array microscopy (CLAM), based upon reconfigurable generation of incoherent light-sheet array (&gt;40 light-sheets) and multiplexed plane-wide encoding.
Chemoelectric and Electromechanical Modeling of Ionic Polymer Materials (2017)

Ion-exchange membranes known as ionic polymers exhibit both chemoelectric and electromechanical transduction properties. Ionic polymers are the base materials for proton-exchange membrane fuel cells, and several years ago it was shown that these materials exhibited electromechanical sensing and actuation properties. In this paper, we develop charge and water transport models for the purpose of modeling both chemoelectric and electromechanical transduction properties in ionic polymers. Expressions for steady-state chemoelectric transduction are developed from previous work in fuel cell modeling. The same continuity and conservation expressions are used to model electromechanical transduction in ionic polymer materials. Analysis of the nonlinear coupled expressions demonstrates that the transient electromechanical response cannot be modeled without assuming water flow within the polymer. It is also shown that the nonlinear expressions reduce to a set of linear expressions only under the assumptions of steady-state operation and zero concentration gradient.
In search of a good death: Good death is achievable if task becomes easing death, not prolonging life (2003)

EDITOR—Death is almost inevitably medicalised in our society, and this leads to an increasing number of requests from professionals for ethical advice and from the public for an understanding of what is permissible. British and Commonwealth law consistently enshrines all the necessary permissions for doctors to cease intrusive and life prolonging treatment when they consider that the treatment is of no substantial …
Synthesis and utilization of organocopper(I) ate complexes from Grignard reagents (1976)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis and utilization of organocopper(I) ate complexes from Grignard reagentsDavid E. Bergbreiter and J. M. KilloughCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1976, 41, 16, 2750–2753Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1976Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1976https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00878a023https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00878a023research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views530Altmetric-Citations49LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Erysipelas in Pheasants (1949)

Thus, we should consider RDD in the differential diagnosis of the central nervous system. Besides surgical resection, the treatment also included radiation, chemotherapy or monoclonal antibodies. However, the optimal treatment remains controversial. Therefore, we should exert all our energies on the exploration of etiology and adjuvant therapy for this disease.
Quantitative measurement of clonidine in human plasma by combined gas chromatography/electron capture negative ion chemical ionization mass spectrometry (1988)

A new quantitative and selective assay was developed for the measurement of low levels of clonidine in human plasma. The drug and the deuterated internal standard (2H4)clonidine are quantified by gas chromatography/negative ion chemical ionization mass spectrometry with methane as the reagent gas. After a three-step extraction procedure, the two compounds of interest are converted to their fluorinated derivatives using 3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)benzoyl chloride. The mass spectrometer is focused to monitor abundant and stable characteristic high-mass ions (m/z 673 and 709) which are generated in the ion source by a resonance electron capture process. This assay requires only 1 ml of plasma sample and the limit of detection of the method is 5 pg ml-1 with a relative standard deviation of less than 7%.
Semantic Interoperability in E-Health for Improved Healthcare (2012)

One of the challenges faced nowadays by the healthcare industry is semantic interoperability. It is the ability of a healthcare system to share information and have that information properly interpreted by the receiving system in the same sense as intended by the transmitting system. Semantic Web (aka Web 3.0) provides the enabling technologies to achieve semantic interoperability. Web Services, as a catalyst in this process, provide seamless communication of information between healthcare systems thus providing better access to patient information and improved healthcare.
Nanoparticles in radiopharmaceutical sciences: Review of the fundamentals, characterization techniques and future challenges (2020)

Nanoparticles are important players in modern medicine, with broad clinical applications ranging from contrast agents in imaging to carriers for drug and gene delivery into tumors. They combine the advantages of multiplexed analytical tools in a single support, offering new possibilities for targeting, sensing and curing pathologies, particularly in nuclear medicine. There is a trend towards integrating the diagnostic and therapeutic functions of nanoparticles, resulting in significantly improved and personalized treatment of disease. Various kinds of nanoparticles for cancer imaging and therapy were engineered since the last decade. For clinical translation, pharmacokinetics and toxicity must be evaluated to meet FDA or Eur. Pharmacopeia requirements. To this aim, a full and exhaustive characterization of these systems must be done such as morphology; chemical composition, surface charge, size and size distribution. The different analytical methods that could fully characterizing nanoparticles are reviewed; together with their advantages, drawbacks and limitations
Insulin Resistance and Cardiovascular Events With Low HDL Cholesterol (2003)

Results show that in VA-HIT the occurrence of a new cardiovascular event and the benefit of fibrate therapy was much less dependent on levels of HDL cholesterol or triglycerides than on the presence or absence of insulin resistance.
Low-temperature electron spin resonance spectra of heteropoly blues derived from some 1:12 and 2:18 molybdates and tungstates (1976)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTLow-temperature electron spin resonance spectra of heteropoly blues derived from some 1:12 and 2:18 molybdates and tungstatesRonald A. Prados and Michael T. PopeCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1976, 15, 10, 2547–2553Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1976Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1976https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic50164a046https://doi.org/10.1021/ic50164a046research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views482Altmetric-Citations132LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
LIGHT‐INDUCED FOURIER TRANSFORM INFRARED SPECTROSCOPIC INVESTIGATIONS OF THE INTERMEDIARY ELECTRON ACCEPTOR REDUTION IN BACTERIAL PHOTOSYNTHESIS (1986)

Abstract— Molecular changes associated with the light‐induced reduction of the intermediary electron acceptor I (bacteriopheophytin, BPh) in bacterial photosynthesis were studied by means of Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) difference spectroscopy. Chromatophore membranes and reconstituted reaction centers (RCs) of Rhodopseudomonas viridis were prereduced with sodium dithionite and illuminated in order to trap photochemically the state I − . Fourier transform infrared spectra of these samples were recorded before, during and after illumination, with an accuracy better than 10 −3 absorbance units. Difference spectra of I − in chromatophores and in RCs closely correspond to each other. In the carbonyl stretching frequency region between 1640 and 1750 cm −1 , bands are tentatively attributed to a shift (from 1713 to 1683 cm −1 ) of a keto carbonyl group, a change of an acetyl carbonyl grou at 1656 cm −1 and a decrease in absorbance strength of ester carbonyl groups (at 1746 and 1732 cm − P) after reduction of I. These groups likely belong to the BPh molecule, although at least one of the ester carbonyls could be assigned to an amino acid side chain. The absence of strong bands in the amide I and amide II region excludes large protein conformational changes associated with I reduction.
Atomistic structure and segregation behavior in secondary structure and facet of Pr-doped ZnO Σ13 27.8° [0001] tilt grain boundary (2014)

Much attention has been paid to grain boundaries (GBs) in ceramics owing to the impact on material properties. GB atomic scale investigations have so far mostly focused on the major structures. However, actual GB structure is more complex; there could be multiple types of atomistic structure and different morphology such as step and facet. As a case study to characterize these, we report extensive scanning transmission electron microscopy observations for a zinc oxide (ZnO) [0001] 27.8° (Σ13, in the framework of coincidence site lattice theory) tilt GB doped with praseodymium (Pr) in this paper. In addition to the major structure that covers most of the (2570) GB plane area [Sato et al., Phys. Rev. B, 87, 140101 (2013)], two types of metastable atomistic structure are found. One is the secondary structure for the (2570) GB plane area, which is mostly found near facets. The other is a different type of atomistic structure formed in facets. Pr concentration is lower in the secondary structure than in the major structure. It is thus demonstrated that there is a variety in the atomistic structure and chemical composition within a single GB.
Histology and cell wall biochemistry of stone cells in the physical defence of conifers against insects (2015)

Conifers possess an array of physical and chemical defences against stem-boring insects. Stone cells provide a physical defence associated with resistance against bark beetles and weevils. In Sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis), abundance of stone cells in the cortex of apical shoots is positively correlated with resistance to white pine weevil (Pissodes strobi). We identified histological, biochemical and molecular differences in the stone cell phenotype of weevil resistant (R) or susceptible (S) Sitka spruce genotypes. R trees displayed significantly higher quantities of cortical stone cells near the apical shoot node, the primary site for weevil feeding. Lignin, cellulose, xylan and mannan were the most abundant components of stone cell secondary walls, respectively. Lignin composition of stone cells isolated from R trees contained a higher percentage of G-lignin compared with S trees. Transcript profiling revealed higher transcript abundance in the R genotype of coumarate 3-hydroxylase, a key monolignol biosynthetic gene. Developing stone cells in current year apical shoots incorporated fluorescent-tagged monolignol into the secondary cell wall, while mature stone cells of previous year apical shoots did not. Stone cell development is an ephemeral process, and fortification of shoot tips in R trees is an effective strategy against insect feeding.
Expandable Intramedullary Nailing for Tibial and Femoral Fractures: A Preliminary Analysis of Perioperative Complications (2006)

We found a high complication rate because of shortening, which was independent of fracture classification. Consequently, we cannot recommend the use of an unlocked, expandable nail in diaphyseal fractures of the femur or tibia.
Newman’s Adaptation of Bacci’s The Life of St. Philip Neri (2007)

This essay explores a relatively unknown and previously unstudied Newman work, The Life of St. Philip: Arranged for the Days of the Year, that he prepared for the use of his nascent English Oratorian community.
ChemInform Abstract: Emerging Synthetic Approaches for Protein—Polymer Conjugations (2011)

Abstract Review: 108 refs.
Synthesis of 9-methyl-19-norsteroids (1973)

Alkylation of an 11-oxoestrone derivative (I) has been shown to give a 9α-methyl product which could be further transformed into 9α-methyl-19-nor-compounds. A 9β-methyl-11-oxoestrone has been converted into 9β-methylestrone 3-methyl ether and a synthesis of 9β-methyl-19-norsteriods has been developed using as a key step the reaction of lithium dimethylcuprate with the secosteroid, 3,3-ethylenedioxy-17β-hydroxy-4,5-secoestr-9-en-5-one (XXXIV). Reaction of this same secosteroid with diethylaluminium cyanide led to the 9α-cyano-compound as the major product, as demonstrated by transformation of the cyano-group into a methyl substituent and comparison of the derived tetracyclic structure with 9-methyl steroids of proven stereochemistry.
Visual Grasping of Unknown Objects (2016)

The objective of the thesis is to compare and study recent visual grasping techniques which areapplied on a robotic arm for grasping of unknown objects in an indoor environment.The novelty of the thesis is that the study has led to questioning the general approach used byresearchers to solve the grasping problem. The result can help future researchers in investing more onthe problem areas of grasping techniques and can also lead us to question ourselves on the approachwe are using to solve the grasping problem.
Overproduction of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Related to von Hippel-Lindau Tumor Suppressor Gene Mutations and Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-1α Expression in Renal Cell Carcinomas. (2003)

Our findings indicate that VHL gene alterations and HIF-1 alpha protein expression correlate with a significant increase in VEGF production by RCC. In turn it is associated with a more aggressive tumor phenotype.
Kit ligand/mast cell growth factor-independent differentiation of mast cells in myelodysplasia and chronic myeloid leukemic blast crisis (1994)

Autonomous, factor-independent growth and differentiation of malignant cells in preleukemic and leukemic disease states is a well-recognized phenomenon and is often associated with a poor prognosis. Mast cells are distinct hematopoietic cells and express a unique profile of antigens. Growth and differentiation of normal mast cells is dependent on mast cell growth factor (MGF), the ligand of the c-kit protooncogene product. In this study, we screened for mast cell-lineage involvement in 52 patients suffering from myeloid leukemias, myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS), systemic mastocytosis, or other diseases by probing for mast cell-related molecules (c-kit, tryptase, histamine, and MGF) and by analyzing kit ligand/MGF-independent growth of mast cells in long-term suspension culture. Of the 52 patients tested, 2 patients with refractory anemia with excess of blast cells in transformation and 1 patient suffering from chronic myeloid leukemia blast crisis (CML-BC) were diagnosed as mastocytic disease. These patients were characterized by complex chromosomal abnormalities, splenomegaly, high percentages of circulating metachromatic cells (5% to 25%), high levels of cellular tryptase (> 10 ng/10(5) peripheral blood mononuclear cells/mL) and a tryptase/histamine (ng:ng) ratio greater than 1. The metachromatic cells expressed the mast-cell-related surface antigen c-kit, but not basophil-related antigens (CD11b, CDw17). Furthermore, in these 3 patients, spontaneous, MGF-independent growth of mast cells along with spontaneous synthesis of tryptase was demonstrable in long-term culture. No autocrine production, paracrine production, or overproduction of MGF was found. The spontaneous growth of mast cells could neither be abbrogated by addition of monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs) to c-kit nor by MoAbs against MGF (< 5% inhibition), whereas factor (MGF)-dependent differentiation of mast cells in these patients could be abbrogated by MoAbs to c-kit or MoAbs to MGF (> 70% inhibition, P < .001). In addition, serum MGF levels in these patients were within the normal range and MGF could not be detected in cell-free culture supernatants. All 3 patients showed rapid progression of disease and had a survival time of less than 1 year. In conclusion, we describe a unique form of transformation in MDS and CML-BC characterized by mast cell lineage involvement and factor-independent differentiation of mast cells. This form of leukemic transformation has to be delineated from chronic myeloid leukemia with basophilia or basophil crisis, from primary mast cell leukemia, and from monocytic leukemias and myelodysplastic disorders associated with basophilia.
Review of IBM: The Rise and Fall and Reinvention of a Global Icon (2021)

The book has four parts, each able to be read separately, aimed at different audiences. Intended primarily for historians, the early years of all three antecedent companies (versus the usual focus on Hollerith’s work only) are extensively described in Part I, as preface for the Thomas J. Watson Sr.-led IBM and its corporate culture, including IBM’s disputed role in World War II. Part II, nearly half the text, is well known to computer buffs: “The late 1950s to the mid-1980s were BM’s Golden Age of mainframes, when it dominated the large worldwide computer market. Part III focuses on management, strategy, and business issues, especially sales and marketing practices. IBM lives in a massive ecosystem—not only of many parts of IBM, but also customers, government officials, and the media, well described by the author. When it went awry during a short decade (1985–1993), much blame accrues to several CEOs and Board leadership for failing to recognize substantial ecosystem changes. Part IV is for IBMers and industry watchers who want to know what happened and what is happening today. A 12-page bibliographic essay cites more than 40 books focused on IBM and/or its leaders, plus hundreds of chapters and essays. Fifty-three pages of footnotes attest to the thorough, well-documented research done for IBM.