gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Multi-distance surface-emitting beam profile calculation method based on the FDTD method and the diffraction theory (2021)

A hybrid method to calculate a multi-distance beam profile emitted perpendicular from a surface of a photonic crystal (PhC) is proposed here based on the finite-domain time-difference (FDTD) method and the diffraction theory. Although the FDTD method is available to calculate a near-field emitted from the PhC, it needs too many voxels to calculate mid- and far-fields. Thus, the diffraction theory is additionally applied to obtain the mid- and far-fields using the near-field calculated by the FDTD method. A surface-emitting quantum cascade laser (QCL) that consists of a PhC and an edge-emitting laser source is fabricated to demonstrate the validity of the hybrid method. A measured beam profile of the QCL agrees with that calculated using the hybrid method, which validates applicability of the method to a surface-emitting device.
The Business Case (2018)

Discusses the increasing role of smallholder farmers as agribusiness companies seek to secure future food supplies for the world’s growing population. Smallholders are already key players in some supply chains, providing 70–90 percent of volumes in beverage crops and cotton; their role continues to expand as land constraints limit the potential for growth in plantation agriculture and as the locus of future food market growth shifts to the South. The decision of a firm to engage more closely with small farms is driven by several types of incentives, including the need to secure sourcing; smallholder dominance or advantage in the production of certain crops; the business opportunity offered by new markets for inputs, services, and output; consumer demand; and food safety concerns. Working with smallholders may prove risky, particularly because of multiple constraints on smallholder productivity and the potential for side-selling, yet carefully designed programs can deliver enhanced quantity and quality of supply, at lower procurement cost.
Bait and Snitch: Defending Computer Systems with Decoys (2013)

Threats against computer networks continue to multiply, but existing security solutions are persistently unable to keep pace with these challenges. In this paper we present a new paradigm for securing computational resources which we call decoy technology. This technique involves seeding a system with data that appears authentic but is in fact spurious. Attacks can then be detected by monitoring this phony information for access events. Decoys are capable of detecting malicious activity, such as insider and masquerade attacks, that are beyond the scope of traditional security measures. They can be used to address confidentiality breaches either proactively or after they have taken place. This work examines the challenges that must be overcome in order to successfully deploy decoys as part of a comprehensive security solution. It discusses situations where decoys are particularly useful as well as characteristics that effective decoy material should share. Furthermore, we describe the tools that we have developed to efficiently craft and distribute decoys in order to form a network of sensors that is capable of detecting adversarial action that occurs anywhere in an organizations system.
Solid sample introduction by laser ablation for inductively coupled plasma source mass spectrometry (1985)

The results are described of a preliminary study of the mass spectrometry of solid samples using a ruby laser to ablate the sample into an inductively coupled plasma (ICP) source mass spectrometer. Standard rock samples were used, pelletted with a binder into the form of a disc. Some 200 ablation pits could be accommodated on each sample. Laser pulse energies of 0.3–1 J were used in the fixed Q mode and the ablated material transferred from the ablation cell into the plasma torch by means of the plasma injector gas flow. The mass spectrometer was used in the fixed ion mode using mean ion current detection to evaluate the reproducibility of successive pulses on major constituents and in the scanning mode at the rate of 10 scans s–1 to produce spectra using mean current detection for major elements and pulse counting detection for traces. Problems were experienced with saturation of the detection system in both the mean current and pulse counting modes owing to the transient nature of the sample pulse from the laser, when attempting to quantify major elements, but except where a major peak was saturated, reasonably uniform sensitivity for most elements across the mass range from 7 to 238 m/z was obtained. Isotope ratio measurements were made on lead at 29 µg g–1 and detection limits for the elements examined appear to be 10 ng g–1 or less.
The capacity of downlink fading channels with variable rate and power (1997)

We obtain the Shannon capacity region of the down-link (broadcast) channel in fading and additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) for time-division, frequency-division, and code-division. For all of these techniques, the maximum capacity is achieved when the transmitter varies the data rate sent to each user as their channels vary. This optimal scheme requires channel estimates at the transmitter; dynamic allocation of timeslots, bandwidth, or codes; and variable-rate and power transmission. For both AWGN and fading channels, nonorthogonal code-division with successive decoding has the largest capacity region, while time-division, frequency-division, and orthogonal code-division have the same smaller region. However, when all users have the same average received power, the capacity region for all these techniques is the same. In addition, the optimal nonorthogonal code is a multiresolution code which does not increase the signal bandwidth. Spread-spectrum code-division with successive interference cancellation has a similar rate region as this optimal technique, however, the region is reduced due to bandwidth expansion. We also examine the capacity region of nonorthogonal code-division without interference cancellation and of orthogonal code-division when multipath corrupts the code orthogonality. Our results can be used to bound the spectral efficiency of the downlink channel using time-division, frequency-division, and code-division, both with and without multiuser detection.
Ambulatory assessment of human body kinematics en kinetics (2009)

Traditional human movement analysis systems consist of an optical position measurement system with one or more 6D force plates mounted in a laboratory. Although clinically accepted as `the golden standard' for the assessment of human movement, the restriction to a laboratory environment with its limited measurement volume prevents these systems to be used in an ambulatory environment. To overcome this limitation, this thesis proposes two measurement systems. First, an instrumented shoe is proposed that is used to assess the 3D ground reaction force, the center of pressure trajectory, the center of mass trajectory, and the movement of the foot. The instrumented shoe consists of an orthopedic sandal with two 6D force/moment sensors beneath the heel and the forefoot, and two inertial sensors rigidly attached to the force/moment sensors. Second, a measurement system is proposed which fuses inertial and magnetic sensing to estimate relative positions and orientations on the human body. Fusion is achieved using a realtime Extended Kalman Filter (EKF) with a tightly coupled structure. Change of position and orientation is predicted by integration of acceleration and angular velocity measured by an inertial sensor. Magnetic updates are used to reduce the inherent integration drift due to noise and a fluctuating offset. To minimize energy consumption, the magnetic system only actuates if the uncertainty associated with the position and orientation exceeds a predefined threshold. Moreover, only the coil delivering most information for the reduction of the uncertainty is actuated.
Presence of SARS-Coronavirus-2 RNA in Sewage and Correlation with Reported COVID-19 Prevalence in the Early Stage of the Epidemic in The Netherlands (2020)

In the current COVID-19 pandemic, a significant proportion of cases shed SARS-Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) with their faeces. To determine if SARS-CoV-2 RNA was present in sewage during the emergence of COVID-19 in The Netherlands, sewage samples of six cities and the airport were tested using four qRT-PCR assays, three targeting the nucleocapsid gene (N1-N3) and one the envelope gene (E). No SARS-CoV-2 RNA was detected on February 6, 3 weeks before the first Dutch case was reported. On March 4/5, one or more gene fragments were detected in sewage of three sites, in concentrations of 2.6-30 gene copies per mL. In Amersfoort, N3 was detected in sewage 6 days before the first cases were reported. As the prevalence of COVID-19 in these cities increased in March, the RNA signal detected by each qRT-PCR assay increased, for N1-N3 up to 790-2200 gene copies per mL. This increase correlated significantly with the increase in reported COVID-19 prevalence. The detection of the virus RNA in sewage, even when the COVID-19 prevalence is low, and the correlation between concentration in sewage and reported prevalence of COVID-19, indicate that sewage surveillance could be a sensitive tool to monitor the circulation of the virus in the population.
Supplementary Tables 1-6 from Single-Cell Transcriptomics Analysis Identifies Nuclear Protein 1 as a Regulator of Docetaxel Resistance in Prostate Cancer Cells (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Table 1: Differential Gene Expression Analysis in Individual Cell Lines Supplementary Table 2: Genes and ranking based on their single cell expression with probability (Q value) for DU145 resistant versus sensitive cells. Supplementary Table 3: PANTHER Results for Cellular Location for Individual Cell Lines Supplementary Table 4: PANTHER Results for Molecular Function for Individual Cell Lines Supplementary Table 5: IPA Gene Pathway Results Supplementary Table 6: IPA Regulator Results&lt;/p&gt;
Introduction and scope of report (2018)

The report revises and expands upon the 1976 and 1978 publications for the Dinantian and Silesian, respectively, combining them into a single account of British and Irish Carboniferous stratigraphy. The need to update the two Special Reports reflects the considerable advances in Carboniferous geology over the last 30 years. The report covers developments in international chronostratigraphy and incorporates wholesale reassessments of British lithostratigraphy. A huge volume of biostratigraphical information has been published over recent decades and the report summarizes the key information.Carboniferous rocks have long been of economic importance, but it is the search for hydrocarbons, in its infancy at the time of the previous reports, which has greatly increased our understanding of Carboniferous successions offshore and at depth, particularly in southern and eastern England.
Alkyl Ketene Dimer (AKD) sizing – a review (2008)

Over the years, there have been great efforts to try to develop cellulose reactive sizing agents. The assumption in these developments have been that the covalent linkage allows permanent attachmen ...
Advanced aqueous wafer cleaning in power semiconductor device manufacturing (2002)

While the standard RCA wafer cleaning technique (Kern, 1970), is still predominantly used in semiconductor device manufacturing, several potential problems with this technique have been identified, such as surface roughness, contamination, chemical and DI water cost. Also, most of the work carried out in the area of wafer cleaning has been focused on the low power IC industry, where the active area of the device lay in the top 1 or 2 /spl mu/m of the wafer. However, in the discrete power device industry, the use of lateral and vertical current flow for high current density distribution means that the entire substrate becomes part of the device active area. Therefore, metallic contamination even in the silicon bulk can severely degrade device performance. In this study, a modified RCA wafer cleaning mixture with improved megasonic energy enhancement (Schulze and Deboy, Proc. SPIE vol. 2638, pp. 234-41, 1995) and various rinsing techniques is investigated for use in high-volume power semiconductor device manufacturing. The effectiveness of the modified dilute SC-1/SC-2 procedure is demonstrated by various material, electrical and optical analysis techniques such as ELYMAT, TXRF, laser particle counting and Wright etching. The overall advanced aqueous wafer cleaning technique shows excellent contamination removal, cleaning efficiencies /spl ges/95% at 0.15 /spl mu/m, and a reduced cost of ownership.
Hierarchical multicast transmission for single cell point-to-multipoint (SC-PTM) in cellular networks (2017)

Recently, Single-Cell Point-to-Multipoint (SC-PTM) has been studied in 3GPP as an agile broadcast/multicast mechanism. Due to cell-level support of the multicast service, SC-PTM can adjust the service area dynamically and its scheduling is quite agile. In the conventional SC-PTM, however, a single multicast transmission is set for the worst user and provided for all the users regardless of their channel qualities. Since the transmission is configured with a modulation level and coding rate (MC) so that the user even with the worst channel quality can correctly decode the data, it may be wasteful for most users with better qualities. In this paper, we propose a hierarchical multicast transmission to enhance the SC-PTM. In the proposed scheme where the users are categorized into upper group or lower group according to their channel qualities, two hierarchical multicast transmissions in the Single Cell Point-to-Multipoint (SC-PTM) are provided. In addition to the basic transmission, a supplementary transmission is additionally provided for the users with poor channel qualities, i.e., belonging in lower group. Through mathematical derivation, we evaluate the proposed scheme with various group sizes. Interestingly, the amount of resource required for two multicast transmissions is beneficial compared to that of a conventional single transmission.
Direct measurement of group dispersion of optical components using white-light spectral interferometry (2007)

Abstract We present a simple white-light spectral interferometric technique employing a low-resolution spectrometer for a direct measurement of the group dispersion of optical components over a wide wavelength range. The technique utilizes an unbalanced Mach-Zehnder interferometer with a component under test inserted in one arm and the other arm with adjustable path length. We record a series of spectral interferograms to measure the equalization wavelength as a function of the path length difference. We measure the absolute group refractive index as a function of wavelength for a quartz crystal of known thickness and the relative one for optical fiber. In the latter case we use a microscope objective in front and a lens behind the fiber and subtract their group dispersion, which is measured by a technique of tandem interferometry including also a Michelson interferometer.
Rapamycin Inhibits VEGF-Induced Microvascular HyperpermeabilityIn Vivo (2010)

At therapeutically relevant concentrations, rapamycin inhibits VEGF- and PAF-induced microvascular permeability. This inhibition is (i) a direct effect on the endothelial barrier, and (ii) independent of arteriolar vasodilation. Rapamycin at 10 mg/kg stimulates effectors that increase microvascular permeability.
The α-Helical Content of the Transmembrane Domain of the British Dementia Protein-2 (Bri2) Determines Its Processing by Signal Peptide Peptidase-like 2b (SPPL2b) (2011)

Regulated intramembrane proteolysis is a widely accepted concept describing the processing of various transmembrane proteins via ectodomain shedding followed by an intramembrane cleavage. The resulting cleavage products can be involved in reverse signaling. Presenilins, which constitute the active center of the γ-secretase complex, signal peptide peptidase (SPP), and its homologues, the SPP-like (SPPL) proteases are members of the family of intramembrane-cleaving aspartyl proteases of the GXGD-type. We recently demonstrated that Bri2 (itm2b) is a substrate for regulated intramembrane proteolysis by SPPL2a and SPPL2b. Intramembrane cleavage of Bri2 is triggered by an initial shedding event catalyzed by A Disintegrin and Metalloprotease 10 (ADAM10). Additionally primary sequence determinants within the intracellular domain, the transmembrane domain and the luminal juxtamembrane domain are required for efficient cleavage of Bri2 by SPPL2b. Using mutagenesis and circular dichroism spectroscopy we now demonstrate that a high α-helical content of the Bri2 transmembrane domain (TMD) reduces cleavage efficiency of Bri2 by SPPL2b, while the presence of a GXXXG dimerization motif influences the intramembrane cleavage only to a minor extent. Surprisingly, only one of the four conserved intramembrane glycine residues significantly affects the secondary structure of the Bri2 TMD and thereby its intramembrane cleavage. Other glycine residues do not influence the α-helical content of the transmembrane domain nor its intramembrane processing.
Acceleration of reduced matrix filling in near field region for M-CBFM using 2-level CBFs (2018)

As the importance of the direct solver-based MoM algorithm increases, we proposed 2-level MCBFM which reduces degree of freedom by using 2-level CBF and increase efficiency of near field region calculation.
Phoneme recognition in TIMIT with BLSTM-CTC (2008)

We compare the performance of a recurrent neural network with the best results published so far on phoneme recognition in the TIMIT database. These published results have been obtained with a combination of classifiers. However, in this paper we apply a single recurrent neural network to the same task. Our recurrent neural network attains an error rate of 24.6%. This result is not significantly different from that obtained by the other best methods, but they rely on a combination of classifiers for achieving comparable performance.
Electrochemical Investigation of Metal Oxide Conducting Electrodes for Direct Detection of Sulfide (2015)

Abstract This study examined the performance of four conducting metal oxide electrodes for the direct electrochemical analysis of sulfide; the electrode materials studied were indium tin oxide (ITO), fluorine doped tin oxide (FTO), aluminum doped zinc oxide (AZO) and gallium doped zinc oxide (GZO). Cyclic voltammetry (CV) results obtained using the ITO, AZO, GZO and FTO electrodes showed direct electrooxidation peak potential of sulfide at 381, 507, 400, and 850 mV vs. Ag/AgCl, respectively; however, the less positive oxidation potential and high catalytic current response of the ITO electrode made it the electrode of choice for the direct oxidation of sulfide. The effects of different electrolytes and buffer solutions on the CV responses were also evaluated. A linear concentration range up to 350 µM and a detection limit of 8.0 µM were achieved. CV response was highly reproducible, remaining unaffected even after 50 measurements. The sensor was found to have good selectivity, with no interference from sulfite, sulfate or chloride ions. The present findings demonstrate that the bare ITO electrode can be used as the basis of an inexpensive, sensitive, selective and robust sulfide sensor.
Lymphedema in a cohort of breast carcinoma survivors 20 years after diagnosis (2001)

This defined cohort, treated by axillary dissection 20 years ago, documents the high prevalence of lymphedema and its time course. Two significantly associated factors, both potentially controllable, are identified. The current study provides further support for treatments that limit lymph node dissection. The authors are prospectively evaluating patients undergoing sentinel lymph node biopsy.
Discovering mental representations of complex natural scenes (2013)

Human observers can rapidly categorize natural images, but the mechanism behind this ability is still unknown. Some models posit that categorization is aided by the use of internal representations, deployed in a top-down manner to constrain visual input. What is the content of these representations? Although internal representations have been obtained for simple stimuli using reverse correlation, these techniques are not generally scalable to the complexity of real-world scenes. Here, we introduce a novel type of naturalistic visual noise along with a method for efficiently traversing the noise space to reveal internal representations of real-world scenes. Visual noise was created by sampling from real-world scene features: an 8800-scene database was represented using multi-scale Gabor wavelets. Principal components analysis was performed on this representation, and noise patterns were created by reconstructing random values for the first 2500 principal components. This noise contains extended structures found in natural images, but without recognizable objects or textures. Observers were given a target image (Experiment 1) or scene category (Experiment 2), then presented with pairs of noise images, and instructed to choose the noise image most similar to the target. As no scene information was present in these images, observers had to use their internal knowledge of the target, matching it with the visual features in the noise. Subsequent trials were based on previously chosen images to efficiently explore the space. After each block, observers would rank chosen images, and the resulting reconstructed representation was created by weighting the chosen images with their rankings. The reconstructed images were found to be more similar to target images than targets from other blocks. Furthermore, reconstructions of scene categories were similar to the category average image, suggesting that internal scene category representations may reflect a composite of experienced exemplars. Meeting abstract presented at VSS 2013
QUALITY PERCEPTIONS IN VOCATIONAL EDUCATION - THE PERSPECTIVE OF TRAINING WHILE PROVIDING A SERVICE (2015)

The present article is intended to evaluate the quality of training and initial vocational qualification of young people, of professional courses secondary levels, with school accreditation and professional qualification of level IV. In that sense, it´s intended to know the perspective of students of professional courses in various areas of knowledge, their perceptions and expectations about the quality observed in a vocational education organization in Alentejo – Portugal through the SERVQUAL methodology. With this work it is shown that, on the one hand, the continuous improvement in the quality of vocational education process brings new approaches and best strategies in order to achieve competitive and sustainable development. On the other, it was found that the need for investment in quality management systems must not be separated from the acquisition of specific knowledge, justifying the analysis of perceptions of trainees in vocational education.
Ptychography: a novel phase retrieval technique, advantages and its application (2011)

This paper is intended to introduce ptychography, a novel and very promising phase retrieval technique. It is based on the lens-less recording of a series of diffraction patterns caused by coherent object illumination. In the visible region of light, ptychography has successfully been implemented for visible light microscopy and optical metrology. Ptychography has also successfully been applied to X-ray microscopy where it is difficult to manufacture good quality lenses and where, at high X-ray energies, absorption contrast is low but where phase contrast is significant. In the course of this paper theoretical fundamentals of ptychography are explained, advantages in comparison to traditional optical techniques are represented and applications are shown.