gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Nucleotide sequence of the mitochondrial structural gene for subunit 9 of yeast ATPase complex. (1979)

We have determined the nucleotide sequence of a segment of Saccharomyces mtDNA that contains the structural gene for one of the subunits (the dicyclohexylcarbodiimide-binding protein) of the mitochondrial ATPase complex. The sequence fits the known amino acid sequence of this protein with the exception of one amino acid. Codon usage is biased in favor of A + T-rich codons. On both sides of the gene, the nucleotide sequence contains less than 4% (mol/mol) G + C for at least 180 nucleotides; these A + T sequences show no evidence of internal repetition. The gene and all the A + T-rich sequence preceding the gene are present in a 12S RNA that is the major transcript of this segment of mtDNA. The nature of the sequences responsible for binding ribosomes to mitochondrial mRNA and for termination of RNA synthesis is considered.
Uniaxial creep as a control on mercury intrusion capillary pressure in consolidating rock salt (2015)

The nature of geologic disposal of nuclear waste in salt formations requires validated and verified two - phase flow models of transport of brine and gas through intact, damaged, and consolidating crushed salt. Such models exist in oth er realms of subsurface engineering for other lithologic classes (oil and gas, carbon sequestration etc. for clastics and carbonates) but have never been experimentally validated and parameterized for salt repository scenarios or performance assessment. Mo dels for waste release scenarios in salt back - fill require phenomenological expressions for capillary pressure and relative permeability that are expected to change with degree of consolidation, and require experimental measurement to parameterize and vali date. This report describes a preliminary assessment of the influence of consolidation (i.e. volume strain or porosity) on capillary entry pressure in two phase systems using mercury injection capillary pressure (MICP). This is to both determine the potent ial usefulness of the mercury intrusion porosimetry method, but also to enable a better experimental design for these tests. Salt consolidation experiments are performed using novel titanium oedometers, or uniaxial compression cells often used in soil mech anics, using sieved run - of - mine salt from the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant (WIPP) as starting material. Twelve tests are performed with various starting amounts of brine pore saturation, with axial stresses up to 6.2 MPa (%7E900 psi) and temperatures to 90 o C. This corresponds to UFD Work Package 15SN08180211 milestone "FY:15 Transport Properties of Run - of - Mine Salt Backfill - Unconsolidated to Consolidated". Samples exposed to uniaxial compression undergo time - dependent consolidation, or creep, to various deg rees. Creep volume strain - time relations obey simple log - time behavior through the range of porosities (%7E50 to 2% as measured); creep strain rate increases with temperature and applied stress as expected. Mercury porosimetry is used to determine characteri stic capillary pressure curves from a series of consolidation tests and show characteristic saturation - capillary pressure curves that follow the common van Genuchten (1978, 1980) formulation at low stresses. Higher capillary pressure data are suspect due t o the large potential for sample damage, including fluid inclusion decrepitation and pore collapse. Data are supportive of use of the Leverett "J" function (Leverett, 1941) to use for scaling characteristic curves at different degrees of consolidation, but better permeability determinations are needed to support this hypothesis. Recommendations for further and refined testing are made with the goal of developing a self - consistent set of constitutive laws for granular salt consolidation and multiphase (brin e - air) flow.
Weighting Selection in GRA-based MADM for Vertical Handover in Wireless Networks (2016)

This paper investigates the impact of weighting techniques combined with Grey Rational Analysis (GRA) when Multi-Attribute Decision Making (MADM) techniques are applied to wireless network vertical handover. The performance of the GRA algorithm is investigated with Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP), Fuzzy AHP, Analytic Network Process (ANP), Random Weighting (RW) and Least Square weighting (LSW) techniques for background, conversational, interactive, streaming classes of services. It is observed that the use of different weighting techniques for every traffic class results in widely varying performance in terms of percentage of network selection and ranking abnormalities. It is therefore concluded that when GRA is applied to vertical network handover, careful matching among different traffic classes and proper weighting techniques should be performed in order to optimize performance in terms of judicious selection of the best network with minimal ranking abnormality.
Transdermal electrical neuromodulation of the trigeminal sensory nuclear complex improves sleep quality and mood (2016)

Abstract Achieving optimal human performance that involves cognitive or physical work requires quality sleep and a positive mental attitude. The ascending reticular activating system (RAS) represents a powerful set of endogenous neuromodulatory circuits that gate and tune global brain responses to internal and external cues, thereby regulating consciousness, alertness, and attention. The activity of two major RAS nuclei, the locus coeruleus (LC) and pedunculopontine nucleus (PPN), can be altered by trigeminal nerve modulation. Monosynaptic afferent inputs from the sensory components of trigeminal nerve branches project to the trigeminal sensory nuclear complex (TSNC), which has direct and polysynaptic connections to the LC and PPN. We previously found high-frequency (7 – 11 kHz) transdermal electrical neuromodulation (TEN) of the trigeminal nerve rapidly induces physiological relaxation, dampens sympathetic nervous system responses to acute stress, and suppresses levels of noradrenergic biomarkers. Given the established roles of LC and PPN neuronal activity in sleep regulation, psychophysiological arousal, and stress, we conducted three studies designed to test hypotheses that modulation of the TSNC can improve sleep quality and mood in healthy individuals (n = 99). Across a total of 1,386 days monitored, we observed TEN modulation of trigeminal and cervical nerves prior to sleep onset produced significant improvements in sleep quality and affective states, quantified using clinically validated surveys, overnight actigraph and heart rate recordings, and biochemical analyses compared to baseline or sham controls. Moreover, we observed some frequency dependence in that TEN delivered at lower frequencies (TEN LF ; 0.50 – 0.75 kHz) was significantly more effective at improving sleep quality and reducing anxiety than higher frequency TEN waveforms. Collectively our results indicate that transdermal electrical neuromodulation of trigeminal and cervical nerve branches can influence TSNC activity in a manner that significantly improves sleep quality and significantly reduces stress. We conclude that biasing RAS network activity to optimize sleep efficiency and enhance mood by electrically modulating TSNC activity through its afferent inputs holds tremendous potential for optimizing mental health and human performance.
Defective Discoidin Domain Structure, Subunit Assembly, and Endoplasmic Reticulum Processing of Retinoschisin are Primary Mechanisms Responsible for X-linked Retinoschisis (2003)

Retinoschisin is a 24-kDa discoidin domain-containing protein that is secreted from photoreceptor and bipolar cells as a large disulfide-linked multisubunit complex. It functions as a cell adhesion protein to maintain the cellular organization and synaptic structure of the retina. Over 125 different mutations in the RS1 gene are associated with X-linked juvenile retinoschisis, the most common form of early onset macular degeneration in males. To identify molecular determinants important for retinoschisin structure and function and elucidate molecular and cellular mechanisms responsible for X-linked juvenile retinoschisis, we have analyzed the expression, protein folding, disulfide-linked subunit assembly, intracellular localization, and secretion of wild-type retinoschisin, 15 Cys-to-Ser variants and 12 disease-linked mutants. Our studies, together with molecular modeling of the discoidin domain, identify Cys residues involved in intramolecular and intermolecular disulfide bonds essential for protein folding and subunit assembly. We show that misfolding of the discoidin domain, defective disulfide-linked subunit assembly, and inability of retinoschisin to insert into the endoplasmic reticulum membrane as part of the protein secretion process are three primary mechanisms responsible for the loss in the function of retinoschisin as a cell adhesion protein and the pathogenesis of X-linked juvenile retinoschisis.
Monolithic self-Q-switched Cr,Nd:YAG laser (1993)

We report the operation of a diode-pumped monolithic self-Q-switched Cr,Nd:YAG laser in which the codoped ions create saturable absorption for Nd(3+) laser emission at 1064 nm. With a 70-microm beam diameter in the gain medium, the Q-switched pulse has a duration of 3.5 ns and a peak power of 2 kW. The output is linearly polarized with an extinction ratio of 600:1. The pulse-to-pulse intensity fluctuation is less than the instrument resolution of 0.25%. A 5-mm-long KTP crystal butted against the monolithic cavity produces 2-ns-long pulses at 532nm with a peak power-conversion efficiency of 30%.
Dystonia (2002)

Dystonia is a movement disorder characterized by sustained involuntary muscle contraction causing abnormal twisting, repetitive movements or posturing that tend to have a directional predominance.Descriptions of dystonic patients, who were often believed to be hysterical, first appeared at the beginning of the twentieth century (Zeman & Dyken, 1968). In 1908, Schwalbe ascertained the hereditary nature of the illness and its variable expression (Schwalbe, 1908). The term‘dystonia musculorum deformans’ was first used by Oppenheim (1911), while Mendel and Flateau, emphasizing the twisted posture, called the disease ‘torsion dystonia’ or ‘torsion spasm’ (Flateau & Sterling, 1911; Zeman & Dyken, 1968).
Unidirectional block in cardiac fibers: effects of discontinuities in coupling resistance and spatial changes in resting membrane potential in a computer simulation study (1992)

The mechanisms for conduction and unidirectional block (UDB) in cardiac tissue under spatial changes in cell-to-cell coupling resistivity (Ri) and resting potential (Vrest) were studied. Cable theory was used to simulate the cardiac fiber, and the Beeler and Reuter model, or a modified model based on the Ebihara-Johnson formulation was used to describe the ionic currents. The effects of discontinuities in Ri as would result from collagenous or fibrotic tissue on propagation characteristics were studied. We were especially interested in the effects on propagation characteristics of discontinuities in Ri in the border zone between normal and ischemic tissue. We found that conduction block is more likely to occur when an abrupt decrease in Ri is encountered as compared to an abrupt increase in Ri. Discontinuities in Ri were found to cause changes in propagation characteristics, changing regions of bidirectional block to UDB or bidirectional propagation. Spatial changes in Vrest were also studied. We found that when Vrest alone was altered, block was not likely to occur, while discontinuities in Ri superimposed with Vrest gradients increased the likelihood of block. We also found that Ri discontinuities located in the border zone between normal and ischemic tissue can create exit block or propagation of a parasystolic focus.
Test strategies for BIST at the algorithmic and register-transfer levels (2002)

The proposed BIST-based DFT method target testability problems caused by three constructs. The first construct is reconvergent fanout in a circuit behavior, which causes correlation. The second construct, control statements, also cause correlation and relational operations degrade observability. The third construct is random-pattern-resistant RTL modules, which cannot be tested effectively with random patterns. Test strategies are presented that overcome the testability problems by modigying the circuit behavior. An analysis and insertion scheme that systematically identifies the problems and applies the strategies is described. Experimental results from seven examples show that this scheme improves fault coverage while minimizing the impact on area and critical delay.
Magnetic induction tomography: phase versus vector-voltmeter measurement techniques (2003)

In magnetic induction tomography (MIT) the in-quadrature component, and hence the phase, of the received signal contains information about the conductivity of the tissue. The quality of imaging will depend on the precision with which phase can be measured. Preliminary studies suggest that a precision of 10 m degrees may be required for a practical biomedical MIT system operating at 10 MHz. This paper describes the results of measurements carried out with a 16-channel, downconverting, 10 MHz, MIT system utilizing two types of data extraction techniques: direct-phase measurement and measurement of the in-phase and in-quadrature components of the signal with a vector voltmeter. The basic precision provided by each technique was 50 m degrees, with thermal drift representing the major limiting factor. Preliminary measurements of average conductivity and permittivity for a human thigh in vivo are given.
Tensile Impact Properties of Mild Steel at Low Temperature (1963)

Brittle fracture strength of a mild steel under tensile loading was studied under different conditions of temperature, notch sharpness and deformation rate. The test temperature ranged from room temperature to liquid-nitrogen temperature and the deformation rate was varied from a quasistatic to a dynamic test with a impact velocity of 80m/s.The results obtained are summurized as follows:(1) Both strength reduction factor and deformation limit to fracture are decreased and notch strength is increased on sharpening the notch of the test piece. The main features in these changes are similar in both static and impact tests, but the latter gives more marked changes than the former.(2) Increase of impact velocity, sharpening of the notch and a drop in testing temperature give the same effect on the appearance of brittle fracture. The notch strength shows a maximum when the fracture mode changes from a ductile to a completely brittle appearance when any one of the above three factors is varied. The maximum fracture notch strength ranges from 102 to 115kg/mm2.(3) Change of tensile impact properties of notched specimens on testing at different temperatures shows a similar tendency to that of bending properties in Charpy impact test as observed by the authors in the previous experiment (Tetsu-to-Hagané Overseas, 1 (1961), p. 38). At the transition from a ductile to a fully brittle fracture condition, the tensile fracture notch strength shows a maximum. The higher impact velocity gives the higher temperature at which the fracture strength reveals a maximum. The maximum fracture notch strength in brittle fracture ranges from 104 to 110kg/mm2.(4) In all the static or the impact tensile tests, reduction of area after fracture of the notched specimen drops discontinuously into brittle fracture region and shows more remarkable change on increasing the impact velocity or on lowering the testing temperature.(5) Brittle fracture of a plain specimen without notch occurs at the impact velocity of 10m/s on testing at liquid-nitrogen temperature, giving the brittle fracture strength of 98kg/mm2.(6) Some discussions have been made on the observed brittle fracture strength in relation to the testing conditions.
Supplementary Figure Legends 1-5 from Melanoma Proteoglycan Modifies Gene Expression to Stimulate Tumor Cell Motility, Growth, and Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition (2023)

Supplementary Figure Legends 1-5 from Melanoma Proteoglycan Modifies Gene Expression to Stimulate Tumor Cell Motility, Growth, and Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition
Demonstration of chip level writability, endurance and data retention of an entire 8Mb STT-MRAM array (2013)

We demonstrate the writability of an entire 8 Mb STT-MRAM chip and present data on the expected endurance and data retention up to 90°C. The chip utilizes a device structure that displays high spin-transfer torque efficiency and proper write-current scaling, down to write pulse width of about 1.5 ns.
Towards torque control of the CRAB rover (2008)

This paper presents the preliminary results of a research aiming at implementing an enhanced control to drive the six wheeled rover CRAB based on an optimal set of torques. The results include testing and comparison of the controller with a standard velocity controller in simulation which showed very promising performance. Further, the development of a tactile wheel, which allows measuring the wheel ground contact angle, is described. This component completes the necessary hardware setup for real testing of torque control.
Estimating the mean and variance of the target probability distribution (1994)

Introduces a method that estimates the mean and the variance of the probability distribution of the target as a function of the input, given an assumed target error-distribution model. Through the activation of an auxiliary output unit, this method provides a measure of the uncertainty of the usual network output for each input pattern. The authors derive the cost function and weight-update equations for the example of a Gaussian target error distribution, and demonstrate the feasibility of the network on a synthetic problem where the true input-dependent noise level is known.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Deep Large Binocular Camera r-band Observations of the GOODS-N Field (2023)

Abstract We obtained 838 Sloan r -band images (∼28 hr) of the GOODS-North field with the Large Binocular Camera (LBC) on the Large Binocular Telescope in order to study the presence of extended, low surface brightness features in galaxies and investigate the trade-off between image depth and resolution. The individual images were sorted by effective seeing, which allowed for optimal resolution and optimal depth mosaics to be created with all images with seeing FWHM &lt; 0.″9 and FWHM &lt; 2.″0, respectively. Examining bright galaxies and their substructure as well as accurately deblending overlapping objects requires the optimal resolution mosaic, while detecting the faintest objects possible (to a limiting magnitude of m AB ∼ 29.2 mag) requires the optimal depth mosaic. The better surface brightness sensitivity resulting from the larger LBC pixels, compared to those of extant WFC3/UVIS and ACS/WFC cameras aboard the Hubble Space Telescope allows for unambiguous detection of both diffuse flux and very faint tidal tails. Azimuthally-averaged radial surface brightness profiles were created for the 360 brightest galaxies in each of the two mosaics. On average, these profiles showed minimal difference between the optimal resolution and optimal depth surface brightness profiles. However, ≲15% of the profiles show excess flux in the galaxy outskirts down to surface brightness levels of <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll"> <mml:msubsup> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>μ</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>r</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>AB</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:msubsup> </mml:math> ≃ 31 mag arcsec −2 . This is relevant to Extragalactic Background Light (EBL) studies as diffuse light in the outer regions of galaxies are thought to be a major contribution to the EBL. While some additional diffuse light exists in the optimal depth profiles compared to the shallower, optimal resolution profiles, we find that diffuse light in galaxy outskirts is a minor contribution to the EBL overall in the r -band.
Genetic Dissection of a Mammalian Replicator in the Human β-Globin Locus (1998)

The timing and localization of DNA replication initiation in mammalian cells are heritable traits, but it is not known whether initiation requires specific DNA sequences. A site-specific recombination strategy was used to show that DNA sequences previously identified as replication initiation sites could initiate replication when transferred to new chromosomal locations. An 8-kilobase DNA sequence encompassing the origin of DNA replication in the human beta-globin locus initiated replication in the simian genome. Specific deletions within the globin origin did not initiate replication in these chromosomal sites. These data suggest that initiation of DNA replication in mammalian cells requires specific sequence information and extend the replicon hypothesis to higher eukaryotes.
Contributions of Trf4p- and Trf5p-dependent polyadenylation to the processing and degradative functions of the yeast nuclear exosome (2005)

The nuclear exosome is involved in a large number of RNA processing and surveillance pathways. RNase III cleavage intermediates destined to be 3'-processed or degraded can be detected when the Rrp6p subunit of the nuclear exosome is absent. Here we show that these processing and degradation intermediates are polyadenylated, and that their polyadenylation is dependent on the activity of Trf4p and Trf5p, two variant poly(A) polymerases. Polyadenylation of cleavage intermediates was inhibited when Trf4p was absent, and reduced to various extents in the absence of Trf5p, suggesting that these two poly(A) polymerases play functionally distinct roles in the polyadenylation of these RNA species. Finally, in the absence of Trf4p, we observed 3'-extended forms of the U4 snRNA that are similar to those observed in the absence of Rrp6p. These results suggest that polyadenylation of RNA processing intermediates plays a functional role in RNA processing pathways and is not limited to RNA surveillance functions.
Influence of Thermal Spray Process on High Temperature Oxidation Property of CoNiCrAlY Coatings (2016)

Thermal sprayed MCrAlY alloy coatings are applied to protect the substrate from oxidation and corrosion under the high temperature environment. Though there are various MCrAlY alloys, CoNiCrAlY is generally used. And, CoNiCrAlY alloy are coated by various thermal spray processes, LPS, HVOF, and APS. However, few studies have been conducted on influences of thermal spray processes on high temperature oxidation property of CoNiCrAlY alloy coatings. In this study, high temperature exposure test was conducted on CoNiCrAlY alloy coatings applied by LPS, HVOF and APS. Influences of thermal spray processes on high temperature oxidation property of CoNiCrAlY coating is reported based on the growth behavior of the oxide layer formed on CoNiCrAlY alloy coating surface.
Evaluating Adhesion Layers for Plasmonic Nanostructures with Monochromated STEM-EELS and Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (2015)

Nano-plasmonics is a rapidly growing field of study with applications in energy, healthcare and security. Plasmonic structures frequently consist of noble metals deposited onto a substrate in a 'top-down' synthesis. This method requires an adhesion layer, often Cr or Ti, to bind the optically active metal to the substrate. Recent publications have demonstrated the presence of these adhesion layers cause damping of plasmon resonances, observed by optical scattering measurements [1]. Because Raman surface enhancement relies on plasmon resonances near the laser excitation wavelength, these layers can cause reduction in surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) intensity [2]. The present study uses monochromated electron energy-loss spectroscopy in a scanning transmission electron microscope (STEM-EELS) to compare plasmon resonances of structures with and without commonly used adhesion layers at the nanometer scale. Raman spectra were collected for the same structures, and variation in SERS enhancement factors correlate with the changes observed in plasmon intensity.