gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cytotoxic Potential of the Marine Diatom Thalassiosira rotula: Insights into Bioactivity of 24-Methylene Cholesterol (2022)

Marine microalgae are receiving great interest as sustainable sources of bioactive metabolites for health, nutrition and personal care. In the present study, a bioassay-guided screening allowed identifying an enriched fraction from SPE separation of the methanolic extract of the marine diatom <i>Thalassiosira rotula</i> with a chemically heterogeneous composition of cytotoxic molecules, including PUFAs, the terpene phytol, the carotenoid fucoxanthin and the phytosterol 24-methylene cholesterol (24-MChol). In particular, this latter was the object of deep investigation aimed to gain insight into the mechanisms of action activated in two tumour cell models recognised as resistant to chemical treatments, the breast MCF7 and the lung A549 cell lines. The results of our studies revealed that 24-MChol, in line with the most studied β-sitosterol (β-SIT), showed cytotoxic activity in a 3-30 µM range of concentration involving the induction of apoptosis and cell cycle arrest, although differences emerged between the two sterols and the two cancer systems when specific targets were investigated (caspase-3, caspase-9, FAS and TRAIL).
Nonasymptotic coding-rate bounds for binary erasure channels with\n feedback (2016)

We present nonasymptotic achievability and converse bounds on the maximum\ncoding rate (for a fixed average error probability and a fixed average\nblocklength) of variable-length full-feedback (VLF) and variable-length\nstop-feedback (VLSF) codes operating over a binary erasure channel (BEC). For\nthe VLF setup, the achievability bound relies on a scheme that maps each\nmessage onto a variable-length Huffman codeword and then repeats each bit of\nthe codeword until it is received correctly. The converse bound is inspired by\nthe meta-converse framework by Polyanskiy, Poor, and Verd\\'u (2010) and relies\non binary sequential hypothesis testing. For the case of zero error\nprobability, our achievability and converse bounds match. For the VLSF case, we\nprovide achievability bounds that exploit the following feature of BEC: the\ndecoder can assess the correctness of its estimate by verifying whether the\nchosen codeword is the only one that is compatible with the erasure pattern.\nOne of these bounds is obtained by analyzing the performance of a\nvariable-length extension of random linear fountain codes. The gap between the\nVLSF achievability and the VLF converse bound, when number of messages is\nsmall, is significant: $23\\%$ for 8 messages on a BEC with erasure probability\n$0.5.$ The absence of a tight VLSF converse bound does not allow us to assess\nwhether this gap is fundamental.\n
Simple Spectral Calibration Method and Its Application Using an Index Array for Swept Source Optical Coherence Tomography (2011)

In this study, we report an effective k-domain linearization method with a pre-calibrated indexed look-up table. The method minimizes k-domain nonlinear characteristics of a swept source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT) system by using two arrays, a sample position shift index and an intensity compensation array. Two arrays are generated from an interference pattern acquired by connecting a Fabry-Perot interferometer (FPI) and an optical spectrum analyzer (OSA) to the system. At real time imaging, the sample position is modified by location movement and intensity compensation with two arrays for linearity of wavenumber. As a result of evaluating point spread functions (PSFs), the signal to noise ratio (SNR) is increased by 9.7 dB. When applied to infrared (IR) sensing card imaging, the SNR is increased by 1.29 dB and the contrast noise ratio (CNR) value is increased by 1.44. The time required for the linearization and intensity compensation is 30 ms for a multi thread method using a central processing unit (CPU) compared to 0.8 ms for compute unified device architecture (CUDA) processing using a graphics processing unit (GPU). We verified that our linearization method is appropriate for applying real time imaging of SS-OCT.
Proactive frame-skipping decision scheme for variable frame rate video coding (2005)

Many rate control algorithms focus on the adjustment of quantisation values to retain a certain buffer level, and arbitrary frame-skipping is often needed to keep the buffer from overflow at very low bit-rates. A content adaptive rate control is proposed to optimise the balance between spatial and temporal quality via active frame-skipping. The occurrence of frame-skipping is jointly dependent on the temporal and spatial quality of the video, and on the fullness of the buffer. This helps to achieve a consistent spatial and temporal quality and to enhance the overall perceptual quality. Experimental results show that the new scheme is simple but very effective, with large average PSNR gains and consistently improved visual quality, and the improvement in perceptual quality is much more significant than that in average PSNRs.
Increased incidence of sexually transmitted diseases in the recent years: data from the ICONA cohort (2014)

The overall incidence of STDs has been increasing in the recent years. Interventions to prevent STDs and potential further spread of HIV infection should target the recently HIV diagnosed, the young population and MSM. Being on ARV treatment (potentially an indicator of whether a person is regularly seen for care) seems to reduce the risk of acquiring STDs independently of its viro-immunological effect.
Cytogenetic changes in radiation-induced tumors of the thyroid. (1999)

Thyroid carcinoma incidence is increased significantly after ionizing irradiation; however, the possible mechanisms have not yet been identified. To provide clues for an understanding of the radiation-induced transformation of thyroid epithelium, we analyzed the karyotypes of 56 childhood thyroid tumors that appeared in Belarus after the Chernobyl nuclear accident in 1986. We also studied eight secondary thyroid tumors that developed after radiotherapy. Metaphase preparations obtained from primary cultures were analyzed by G-banding. Clonal structural aberrations were found in 13 of 56 Belarussian cases and in 6 of 8 secondary tumors that developed after radiotherapy. Furthermore, we detected multiple chromosomal aberrations as well as complex rearrangements in some of these tumors and performed a detailed analysis of marker chromosomes from a single case using spectral karyotyping and comparative genomic hybridization in a childhood tumor from Belarus with a near-triploid karyotype. Both comparative genomic hybridization and spectral karyotyping analysis revealed structural alterations affecting identical chromosomes 1, 2, 9, and 13, among others. In addition to the known hot spots of alterations in papillary thyroid carcinomas on chromosomes 1q and 10q, a comprehensive breakpoint analysis in the pooled data set revealed novel breakpoints on chromosomes 4q, 5q, 6p, 12q, 13q, and 14q. The chromosomal aberrations in these tumors may provide suitable starting points for the positional cloning of genes involved in radiation-induced tumorigenesis.
Cryopreservation affects bovine sperm intracellular parameters associated with capacitation and acrosome exocytosis (2009)

Although semen cryopreservation is widely and commonly used in the bovine breeding industry, half the spermatozoa do not survive and most of those that do survive undergo numerous physiological changes that affect their fertilising ability. The aim of the present study was to determine how cryopreservation affects the intracellular events involved in sperm capacitation and acrosome reaction. Immediately after thawing and washing, almost 50% of spermatozoa were capacitated and more than 20% had lost their acrosome. The sperm cAMP concentration was lower than that in freshly ejaculated spermatozoa, but the cytosolic pH (pHcyt) was in the expected range. The free cytosolic Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]cyt) was higher than in fresh spermatozoa and cryopreserved spermatozoa had internally stored Ca2+. Phenylarsine oxide increased pHcyt and both cytosolic and stored Ca2+ concentrations, whereas orthovanadate enhanced acrosome loss and protein tyrosine phosphorylation (P-Tyr). Heparin increased the percentage of spermatozoa expressing the B (capacitated) chlortetracycline binding pattern, pHcyt, P-Tyr and Ca2+ storage. Moreover, positive correlations exist between capacitation, cAMP, P-Tyr and stored Ca2+, whereas the acrosome reaction is positively correlated with pHcyt and [Ca2+]cyt. These results demonstrate that sperm regulatory mechanisms may be affected by the cryopreservation procedure, but frozen-thawed sperm can still regulate their capacitation and acrosome reaction signalling pathways.
Reliability Analysis of Cognitive Radio Networks (2019)

The current paper deals with the simulation of a queuing model developed to evaluate the performance of a cognitive radio network and its reliability. We take into consideration two interconnected subsystems, the first one is dedicated to primary users (PU). The number of sources is finite, and each source generates a primary request after an exponentially distributed interval of time, these requests then are then sent to a single server called Primary Channel Service (PCS), under the assumption that the service times are distributed exponentially as well. The service is carried out in the order of the arrivals of primary calls. The second part of the model is associated to secondary users (SU), which has also a finite source with exponentially distributed request generation time and it is assumed that the service time at the Secondary Channel Service (SCS) with a single server is exponentially distributed. However, the two subsystems operate in the following way. Each generated primary request is directed to the primary server in order to check its accessibility, in case that the service unit is free, the service starts instantly. If the primary unit is already busy with another primary request, the call joins a FIFO queue. However, if the primary unit is busy by processing a service for a secondary user, this latter service stops immediately and should be sent back to the (SCS), based on the availability of the secondary server this postponed task either starts the service again or joins the orbit. In the other hand, the secondary requests are directed to the secondary server to verify its availability, if the aimed server is accessible, the service starts immediately, otherwise these secondary requests try to join the (PSU) and if it is idle the service starts. If not, they join to the orbit at SCS. Postponed requests in the orbit retry to be served after an exponentially distributed interval of time. In the current work both service units are subject to some random breakdowns, in such case the interrupted requests are sent either to the queue or to the orbit, respectively. It is assumed that the operation and repair times of the given server are generally distributed. We use Hypo-Exponential, Hyper-Exponential and Gamma distributed times because by assuming the same means and variances the effect of the distribution could be analyzed. Due to the page limitations we deal with the effect of the distribution of operation and service time distributions, only on the mean response time of the secondary server. Assuming that all the random times concerned in this model are independent of each other the primary aim of the present paper is to show the impact of the distribution of the operation and repair time on the mean response time of the secondary users as a function of the failure and repair intensity, respectively Several Figures are generated to visualize the difference due to the distributions.
Synthesis and modification of apatite nanoparticles for use in dental and medical applications (2015)

Synthesised hydroxyapatite (HAp) exhibits excellent biocompatibility, making it an ideal candidate for use as a hard tissue substitute material. Nanoscale-size effects and surface phenomena impart HAp nanoparticles with unique properties compared to the conventional-sized HAp ceramics. Modification of HAp is also important for regulating its physiochemical properties. In this review, methods of HAp synthesis and modification, and various applications of HAp nanoparticles for dental and medical treatment are discussed.
The interplay between lncRNAs, RNA-binding proteins and viral genome during SARS-CoV-2 infection reveals strong connections with regulatory events involved in RNA metabolism and immune response (2022)

<b>Rationale:</b> Viral infections are complex processes based on an intricate network of molecular interactions. The infectious agent hijacks components of the cellular machinery for its profit, circumventing the natural defense mechanisms triggered by the infected cell. The successful completion of the replicative viral cycle within a cell depends on the function of viral components versus the cellular defenses. Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are important cellular modulators, either promoting or preventing the progression of viral infections. Among these ncRNAs, the long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) family is especially relevant due to their intrinsic functional properties and ubiquitous biological roles. Specific lncRNAs have been recently characterized as modulators of the cellular response during infection of human host cells by single stranded RNA viruses. However, the role of host lncRNAs in the infection by human RNA coronaviruses such as SARS-CoV-2 remains uncharacterized. <b>Methods:</b> In the present work, we have performed a transcriptomic study of a cohort of patients with different SARS-CoV-2 viral load and analyzed the involvement of lncRNAs in supporting regulatory networks based on their interaction with RNA-binding proteins (RBPs). <b>Results:</b> Our results revealed the existence of a SARS-CoV-2 infection-dependent pattern of transcriptional up-regulation in which specific lncRNAs are an integral component. To determine the role of these lncRNAs, we performed a functional correlation analysis complemented with the study of the validated interactions between lncRNAs and RBPs. This combination of <i>in silico</i> functional association studies and experimental evidence allowed us to identify a lncRNA signature composed of six elements - NRIR, BISPR, MIR155HG, FMR1-IT1, USP30-AS1, and U62317.2 - associated with the regulation of SARS-CoV-2 infection. <b>Conclusions:</b> We propose a competition mechanism between the viral RNA genome and the regulatory lncRNAs in the sequestering of specific RBPs that modulates the interferon response and the regulation of RNA surveillance by nonsense-mediated decay (NMD).
SOLUBILIZATION OF HYDROCORTISONE IN LYOTROPIC LIQUID CRYSTALS (1991)

Abstract The solubilization of hydrocortisone (HC) in lamellar liquid crystals (LC) containing monoglyceride laurate (MGL) and water was studied. The maximum capacity of the 70:30 (wt/wt) MGL/water system to solubilize HC has been found to be larger than any other reported solubilization system (such as microemulsions and micelles), and exceeded 1.0 wt%. The systems were tested by polarized light microscopy, small angle X-ray diffraction, differential scanning calorimetry and deuterium NMR. It was found that the addition of HC caused no change in the interplanar spacing of the system, and had no effect on the gel-to-LC transition temperature. However, the solubilization enlarged the quadrupole splitting of the water deuteron. These results suggest that the HC molecules are positioned in the vicinity of, or within, the polar head groups of the monoglyceride.
Interactive Mathematica Simulations for Chemical Engineering (2015)

Abstract Interactive Mathematica Simulations for Chemical EngineeringMore than 65 interactive Mathematica simulations have been prepared for four chemicalengineering courses: kinetics/reactor design, thermodynamics, fluid mechanics, and heattransfer. They were prepared using the Mathematica programming language and are availableon the Wolfram Demonstration Project website(http://demonstrations.wolfram.com/search.html?query=Chemical%20engineering). They canbe used without a Mathematica license. They use the Manipulate command in Mathematica tocreate on-screen controls that allow users to change system variables. One of the key featuresof these simulations is that the calculations are done in real-time as input parameters aremanipulated using user-friendly controls, and the graphical output appears almostinstantaneously. Interactive simulations have been used extensively in physics education, andstudent interaction with computer simulations is known to have positive effects on learning andpromote student inquiry and exploration.These simulations have been used in class after asking students to predict system behavior aspart of a ConcepTest with student-held clickers. They have also been used outside of class aspart of assignments and in office hours to help students understand important concepts. Theyare excellent for demonstrating the idea of parametric sensitivity. A number of theseinteractive simulations have been used as part of screencasts prepared for information deliveryoutside of class (flipped classroom), and these screencasts are posted onwww.LearnChemE.com. Some of the simulations are being used to prepare interactive tutorialsfor students to use on their own. In the first of these tutorials, which are on phase equilibrium,the concepts are introduced using simplified versions of the simulations that only allow onevariable to be manipulated so that the tutorial contains a number of simulations.
High-k metal gate fundamental learning and multi-V<inf>t</inf> options for stacked nanosheet gate-all-around transistor (2017)

In this paper, we report multi-threshold-voltage (multi-Vt) options for stacked Nanosheet gate-all-around (GAA) transistors. V <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">t</inf> can be modulated through workfunction metal (WFM) thickness as well as the inter-nanosheet spacing (T <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">sus</inf> ), the combination of which may be leveraged to increase the number of undoped V <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">t</inf> offerings within a CMOS device menu relative to a FinFET CMOS device menu, which fundamentally does not have T <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">sus</inf> as a V <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">t</inf> tuning option. Hence we propose our multi-V <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">t</inf> scheme by taking advantage of the unique structure of stacked GAA transistor.
Prenatal diagnosis of cervical chondrocutaneous vestige (2007)

Cervical chondrocutaneous vestiges or remnants originate from anomalous development of the branchial arches in the fourth week of gestation. Owing to their relative rarity, published data of cervical chondrocutaneous vestiges remain scarce. We report on the diagnosis and associated anomalies of cervical chondrocutaneous vestiges in three fetuses. The association of cervical chondrocutaneous vestige with other anomalies emphasizes the importance of performing meticulous examination and biochemical marker analysis in affected cases.
Synthesis and Structural Elucidation of a “Free” Phosphinoamide Anion (2003)

Abstract The reaction of the aminophosphane C 6 H 4 ( o ‐CN)NHPPh 2 with elemental potassium in the presence of 18‐crown‐6 affords the phosphinoamide‐containing complex [C 6 H 4 ( o ‐CN)N‐PPh 2 (THF)(18‐Crown‐6)K] which has been fully characterised in solution and the solid state. The potassium cation interacts with the nitrile substituent group and crown, but does not interact with the P−N bond. The anion appears to be considerably more reactive than related anions in which the cation interacts with the P‐N unit, as demonstrated by the reaction with O 2 /H 2 O which affords [Ph 2 P(:O)OK(18‐Crown‐6)] and C 6 H 4 ( o ‐CN)NH 2 . A co‐crystal containing these two products was obtained and the structure has been elucidated by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction analysis. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH &amp; Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2003)
Letter: acute liver failure of indeterminate aetiology (2018)

Linked Content This article is linked to Brennan et al papers. To view these articles visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.14566 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.14975 .
Phylogenetic analysis of methanogens from the bovine rumen (2001)

The current set of 16S rRNA hybridization probes targeting methanogenic Archaea does not cover the phylogenetic diversity present in the rumen and possibly other gastro-intestinal tract environments. New probes and quantitative PCR assays are needed to determine the distribution of the newly identified methanogen clusters in rumen microbial communities.
A model for time-delays for teleoperation over the Internet (2002)

The stochastic nature of the communication delay in teleoperation systems makes it hard to predict the behavior of such systems. Although achieving a general-purpose model for the Internet is not easy, if possible at all, stochastic models for specific cases enable us design predictors, which can help in stabilizing the teleoperation systems. In this paper we have developed an initial notion to create an autoregressive model for delays over the Internet. By probing the system behavior at different times of the day for a period of time, the general behavior of the delay can be comprehended and so partially predicted. Introducing a predictor in the teleoperation system can improve the system behavior through for example gain scheduling at the master controller.
Switchable Multiwavelength Brillouin–Raman Fiber Laser Utilizing an Enhanced Nonlinear Amplifying Fiber Loop Design (2018)

We propose and demonstrate a new multiwavelength Brillouin-Raman fiber laser with switchable 10 and 20 GHz spacing. This is achieved by proper adjustments of optical coupling ratios that are incorporated in the design that consists of an enhanced nonlinear amplifying fiber loop. By utilizing a 50/50 coupler, 443 flat amplitude channels with 10 GHz spacing is realized. On the other hand, a 99/1 coupler is feasible for 20 GHz spacing that yields 215 lasing lines. In both cases, the average optical signal-to-noise ratios (OSNR) are 16.5 dB (50/50 coupler) and 24 dB (99/1 coupler). Wide multiwavelength bandwidth, flexible wavelength spacing, and high number of channels with excellent OSNRs are achieved using only a single Raman pump unit through a simple construction.