gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Rotation capacity of self-compacting steel fibre reinforced concrete beams (2009)

Steel fibres are known to enhance the toughness of concrete in compression and in tension. Steel fibres also improve the bond properties between concrete matrix and reinforcing steel bars. In order to investigate the effect of steel fibres on the rotation capacity of reinforced concrete members, four simply supported beams were loaded in three-point bending up to failure (steel bar rupture or concrete crushing). Test variables were fibre content and axial normal force. Remarkably, the specimens with conventional reinforcement had a larger rotation capacity than those with conventional reinforcement and fibres. This decrease in deformation capacity is explained by localization of the deformations in one large crack in case of the reinforced concrete (RC) specimens with steel fibres, compared to several large cracks in case of the RC specimens. A model to calculate the rotation capacity of self-compacting steel fibre reinforced concrete (SCSFRC) members is presented and validated against the beam test results. Key words: rotation capacity, self-compacting steel fibre reinforced concrete, strain localization 1
The Trap Depth (in DNA) of 8-Oxo-7,8-dihydro-2‘deoxyguanosine as Derived from Electron-Transfer Equilibria in Aqueous Solution (2000)

[No abstract available]
Transmission of Chikungunya Virus in an Urban Slum, Brazil (2020)

After a chikungunya outbreak in Salvador, Brazil, we performed a cross-sectional, community-based study of 1,776 inhabitants to determine chikungunya virus (CHIKV) seroprevalence, identify factors associated with exposure, and estimate the symptomatic infection rate. From November 2016 through February 2017, we collected sociodemographic and clinical data by interview and tested serum samples for CHIKV IgG. CHIKV seroprevalence was 11.8% (95% CI 9.8%-13.7%), and 15.3% of seropositive persons reported an episode of fever and arthralgia. Infections were independently and positively associated with residences served by unpaved streets, a presumptive clinical diagnosis of chikungunya, and recall of an episode of fever with arthralgia in 2015-2016. Our findings indicate that the chikungunya outbreak in Salvador may not have conferred sufficient herd immunity to preclude epidemics in the near future. The unusually low frequency of symptomatic disease points to a need for further longitudinal studies to better investigate these findings.
Area-Time Performances of Some Neural Computations (1994)

The paper aims to show that VLSI efficient implementations of Boolean functions (BFs) using threshold gates (TGs) are possible. First we detail depth-size tradeoffs for COMPARISON when implemented by TGs of variable fan-in (D); a class of polynomially bounded TG circuits having O ( lgn / lgD) depth and O (&amp;lt;E-168&amp;gt; n&amp;lt;E-164&amp;gt; D) size for any 3 D clgn, improves on the previous known size O (n). We then proceed to show how fan-in influences the range of weights and of thresholds, and extend these results to Fn,m , the class of functions of n variables having m groups of ones. We conclude that the fan-in could be used by VLSI designers for tuning the area-time performances of neural chips. Index terms---neural networks, threshold circuits, Boolean functions, Fn,m , fan-in, area-time complexity, VLSI.&amp;lt;E-23&amp;gt; I. INTRODUCTION&amp;lt;E-56&amp;gt; I&amp;lt;E-211&amp;gt; N this paper we shall consider neural networks (NNs) made of linear threshold gates (TGs), each one computing a Boolean function (BF) f : {0,1}&amp;lt;E-91&amp;gt; n&amp;lt;E-8...
A Study on the Effects of Textile Processing on Tensile Properties of Single Cotton Fibers - From raw cottno to washed garments (2005)

Effects of textile processing on breaking strength, breaking elongation, morphological properties and dimensional properties were investigated and analyzed. Cotton varieties were processed under various ginning and carding conditions into a T-shirts. The produced T-shirts were washed and dried repeatedly. Fibers were collected at various processing stages and tested by a Mantis&amp;#174; single fiber tensile tester. The breaking strength and breaking elongation of cotton fibers were reduced substantially due to textile processing. A higher ginning rate generated a higher average breaking strength and a lower breaking elongation compared to that from a lower ginning rate. A higher carding rate adversely affected the tensile properties for entire range of the processes. Using of 2 lint cleaners at the gin resulted in a lower tensile properties than that of 1 lint cleaner. Although the results were not statistically significant, use of 2 lint cleaners at gin resulted in a lower average length shrinkage in T-shirts and more damage to the fiber surface after repeated washing/drying. \n\nThe progressive length shrinkage of the T-shirts during 32 washing/drying cycles was shown to be consistently higher for the higher ginning and carding rates. The progressive width and area shrinkage on the other hand did not show the effects of processing clearly. A limited microscopic study suggests that the number of lint cleaners in ginning may be the most significant contributor to fiber damage as shown by the broken fibrils and cracks on fiber surfaces.
Photonic Magnetic Field Sensor (2002)

Abstract : Small, in-line polarization rotators or isolators to reduce feedback in fiber optic links can be the basis for excellent magnetic field sensors. Based on the giant magneto-optical (GMO) or Faraday effect in iron garnets, they with a magnetic field of a few hundred Gauss, (20 mT) for an interaction length for an optical beam of a few millimeters achieve a polarization rotation or phase shift of 45 deg (1/8 cycle). When powered by a small laser diode, with the induced linear phase shift recovered at the shot noise limit, we have demonstrated sensitivities at the 3.3 nT/Hz1/2 level for frequencies from < 1 Hz to frequencies into the high kHz range. Through further improvements; an increase in interaction length, better materials and by far the greatest factor, the addition of a flux concentrator, sensitivities at the pT/Hz1/2 level appear to be within reach. We will detail such a design and discuss the issues that may limit achieving these goals.
Analysing the conditions of road assets with a network thinking (2023)

The existing road maintenance often treats defects as isolated entities with fragmented documentation. Most of the previous research tended to focus on limited types of road assets. This research explores relationships across different types of road assets, summarized into 66 assets, 48 defects, 28 repairs, 27 causes and 39 preventative treatments. Class-to-class relationships in the network of road asset conditions are learned from British codes of practice and abroad. The network merges segregated road asset failures into a comprehensive network, which contributes to laying the ground rules for automating road maintenance and facilitating risk and reliability analyses for asset management.
Digital Video and Audio Transmission Alternatives (1996)

As television plants convert to serial digital video and digital audio, it becomes apparent that the analog and digital transmission requirements are vastly different. In analog video transmission, it is common to use custom equalizers for long cable lengths, where in digital video transmission, automatic equalization is provided for up to 300 m (1000 ft) of coaxial cable. Where longer transmission paths are required, fiber-optic links offer a better solution. Single-mode fiber-optic transmitters and receivers for serial digital video meeting the proposed SMPTE standards for a serial digital fiber transmission system for ANSI/SMPTE 259M signals <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sup> and coaxial cable distribution for AES/EBU digital audio <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> offer several advantages that are described in this paper.
Comparison of triple-negative breast cancer molecular subtyping using RNA from matched fresh-frozen versus formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue (2017)

NCT00930930 07/01/2009.
Harmonic motion imaging for focused ultrasound (HMIFU): a fully integrated technique for sonication and monitoring of thermal ablation in tissues (2008)

FUS (focused ultrasound), or HIFU (high-intensity-focused ultrasound) therapy, a minimally or non-invasive procedure that uses ultrasound to generate thermal necrosis, has been proven successful in several clinical applications. This paper discusses a method for monitoring thermal treatment at different sonication durations (10 s, 20 s and 30 s) using the amplitude-modulated (AM) harmonic motion imaging for focused ultrasound (HMIFU) technique in bovine liver samples in vitro. The feasibility of HMI for characterizing mechanical tissue properties has previously been demonstrated. Here, a confocal transducer, combining a 4.68 MHz therapy (FUS) and a 7.5 MHz diagnostic (pulse-echo) transducer, was used. The therapy transducer was driven by a low-frequency AM continuous signal at 25 Hz, producing a stable harmonic radiation force oscillating at the modulation frequency. A pulser/receiver was used to drive the pulse-echo transducer at a pulse repetition frequency (PRF) of 5.4 kHz. Radio-frequency (RF) signals were acquired using a standard pulse-echo technique. The temperature near the ablation region was simultaneously monitored. Both RF signals and temperature measurements were obtained before, during and after sonication. The resulting axial tissue displacement was estimated using one-dimensional cross correlation. When temperature at the focal zone was above 48 degrees C during heating, the coagulation necrosis occurred and tissue damage was irreversible. The HMI displacement profiles in relation to the temperature and sonication durations were analyzed. At the beginning of heating, the temperature at the focus increased sharply, while the tissue stiffness decreased resulting in higher HMI displacements. This was confirmed by an increase of 0.8 microm degrees C(-1)(r=0.93, p<.005). After sustained heating, the tissue became irreversibly stiffer, followed by an associated decrease in the HMI displacement (-0.79 microm degrees C(-1), r=-0.92, p<0.001). Repeated experiments showed a reproducible pattern of the HMI displacement changes with a temperature at a slope equal to 0.8+/-0.11 and -0.79+/-0.14 microm degrees C(-1), prior to and after lesion formation in seven bovine liver samples, respectively. This technique was thus capable of following the protein-denatured lesion formation based on the variation of the HMI displacements. This method could, therefore, be applied for real-time monitoring of temperature-related stiffness changes of tissues during FUS, HIFU or other thermal therapies.
First Cdc7 Kinase Inhibitors: Pyrrolopyridinones as Potent and Orally Active Antitumor Agents. 2. Lead Discovery (2009)

Cdc7 kinase is a key regulator of the S-phase of the cell cycle, known to promote the activation of DNA replication origins in eukaryotic organisms. Cdc7 inhibition can cause tumor-cell death in a p53-independent manner, supporting the rationale for developing Cdc7 inhibitors for the treatment of cancer. In this paper, we conclude the structure−activity relationships study of the 2-heteroaryl-pyrrolopyridinone class of compounds that display potent inhibitory activity against Cdc7 kinase. Furthermore, we also describe the discovery of &lt;b&gt;89S&lt;/b&gt;, [(&lt;i&gt;S&lt;/i&gt;)-2-(2-aminopyrimidin-4-yl)-7-(2-fluoro-ethyl)-1,5,6,7-tetrahydropyrrolo[3,2-&lt;i&gt;c&lt;/i&gt;]pyridin-4-one], as a potent ATP mimetic inhibitor of Cdc7. Compound &lt;b&gt;89S&lt;/b&gt; has a &lt;i&gt;K&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sub&gt;i&lt;/sub&gt; value of 0.5 nM, inhibits cell proliferation of different tumor cell lines with an IC&lt;sub&gt;50&lt;/sub&gt; in the submicromolar range, and exhibits in vivo tumor growth inhibition of 68% in the A2780 xenograft model.
Photonic-crystal fibers for dispersion compensation in short-pulse fiber laser sources: design algorithms and dispersion characterization (2007)

This work aims at developing a PCF-based stretcher for a sub-mJ fiber chirped pulse amplifier (FCPA) capable of correcting the higher-order dispersion of the amplifier chain and the pulse compressor. We develop a conveniently formalized algorithm for the design of PCFs and prove theoretically the possibility to engineer negative dispersion PCFs of a chosen sign of cubic and quartic phase. Further, we characterize several of-the-shelf negative dispersion PCFs drawn at Uni. Bath by means of spectral interferometry (SI) that makes use of a) a short femtosecond and b) a stretched nanosecond pulses to verify the influence of the nonlinear phase distortion in a prototype PCF pulse stretcher.
StackMold: Rapid Prototyping of Functional Multi-Material Objects with Selective Levels of Surface Details (2019)

We present StackMold, a DIY molding technique to prototype multi-material and multi-colored objects with embedded electronics. The key concept of our approach is a novel multi-stage mold buildup in which casting operations are interleaved with the assembly of the mold to form independent compartments for casting different materials. To build multi-stage molds, we contribute novel algorithms that computationally design and optimize the mold and casting procedure. By default, the multi-stage mold is fabricated in slices using a laser cutter. For regions that require more surface detail, a high-fidelity 3D-printed mold subsection can be incorporated. StackMold is an integrated end-to-end system, supporting all stages of the process: it provides a UI to specify material and detail regions of a 3D~object; it generates fabrication files for the molds; and it produces a step-by-step casting instruction manual.
PHP: Fundamentals and Programming Techniques (2004)

The letters php stand for PHP Hypertext Preprocessor (a recursive abbreviation typical of Unix-world shenanigans). PHP is a script programming language for HTML pages. The code embedded in an HTML file is executed by the server. (The Active Server Pages of Microsoft also follow this plan.)KeywordsError MessageCharacter StringInput TypePersistent ConnectionInsert CommandThese keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
Crossing borders to facilitate live donor kidney transplantation: the Czech‐Austrian kidney paired donation program – a retrospective study (2020)

Kidney paired donation (KPD) is a valuable tool to overcome immunological barriers in living donor transplantation. While small national registries encounter difficulties in finding compatible matches, multi-national KPD may be a useful strategy to facilitate transplantation. The Czech (Prague) and Austrian (Vienna) KPD programs, both initiated in 2011, were merged in 2015. A bi-national algorithm allowed for ABO- and low-level HLA antibody-incompatible exchanges, including the option of altruistic donor-initiated domino chains. Between 2011 and 2019, 222 recipients and their incompatible donors were registered. Of those, 95.7% (Prague) and 67.9% (Vienna) entered into KPD registries, and 81 patients received a transplant (95% 3-year graft survival). Inclusion of ABO-incompatible pairs in the Czech program contributed to higher KPD transplant rates (42.6% vs. 23.6% in Austria). After 2015 (11 bi-national match runs), the median pool size increased to 18 pairs, yielding 33 transplants (8 via cross-border exchanges). While matching rates doubled in Austria (from 9.1% to 18.8%), rates decreased in the Czech program, partly due to implementation of more stringent HLA antibody thresholds. Our results demonstrate the feasibility of merging small national KPD programs to increase pool sizes and may encourage the implementation of multi-national registries to expand the full potential of KPD.
Fleeting opportunities. (1993)

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), a peer reviewed journal of the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) - an authoritative source of high-impact, original research that broadly spans the biological, physical, and social sciences.
Electron Acceptors Based on Cyclopentannulated Anthanthrenes (2020)

We demonstrate the preparation of anthanthrene derivatives with fused five-membered rings. These new derivatives are prepared by a palladium catalyzed cyclopentannulation reaction from precursors derived from the low-cost dye Vat Orange 3 (4,10-dibromoanthanthrone). The new cyclopenta-anthanthrene compounds possess reduced optical and electrochemical gaps (~0.9 eV) compared to anthanthrene derivatives and are electron acceptors with lowest unoccupied molecular orbital energies of ~ -3.4 eV to -3.9 eV.
Zur Theorie der Zugfestigkeit von Agglomeraten bei Kraftübertragung an Kontaktpunkten (1970)

Abstract Es wird gezeigt, daß eine früher aufgestellte Formel für die Zugfestigkeit von Agglomeraten nach einer kleinen Korrektur auch auf nicht kugelförmige agglomerat‐bildende Teilchen übertragen werden kann. Für Gleichkornpackungen kann die Zugfestigkeit unter Einhaltung möglichst allgemeiner Voraussetzungen unmittelbar berechnet werden, sofern die mittlere Haftkraft zwischen den Teilchen bekannt ist. Bei Agglomeraten aus Teilchen mit beliebiger KornGrößenverteilung ist die Auswertung der Zugfestigkeitsgleichung kompliziert. Für diesen Fall werden zwei Beziehungen mitgeteilt, die aus experimentell bestimmbaren Größen die Zugfestigkeit zu berechnen gestatten.
Phosphate inactivation with iron chloride during sediment resuspension (1999)

The present study undertook laboratory and in situ experiments in two hypertrophic lakes in order to determine the possibilities for the effective PO 4 precipitation by means of FeCl 3 , applied directly to organic sediments (at a specific depth) previously subject to resuspension. The study also aimed to test, modify and improve a device constructed previously. This made the direct application of FeCl 3 to organic sediments possible, while generating resuspension in the surface layer of sediments to a specified thickness. The results of both laboratory and field experiments, and tests of the prototype device, showed that linking a dosage of FeCl 3 with the initiation of controlled resuspension led to a decrease of seven‐fold in the concentration of PO 4 in interstitial water, and changed other physical and chemical parameters in the water only slightly. The effectiveness of PO 4 precipitation relied mostly on initial conditions in the interface of water–organic sediment phases, and especially on the sorption capacity of sediments for phosphates, on the gradient of PO 4 concentration, and on the concentration of oxygen in the layer of water above the sediment. It could be an effective method of over‐eutrophied lakes reclamation, and an alternative to the expensive removal of sediments.
CHARACTERIZATION OF BLACK-POWDER IGNITER JETS INTO A GRANULAR BED THROUGH ANALYSIS OF CONDENSED-PHASE PRODUCT DEPOSITION AND REGIONS OF PENETRATION (2010)

Understanding the detailed ignition, flame-spreading, and combustion processes that take place inside a granular solid-propellant bed is vital for accurate interior ballistic modeling, and for the development of ballistic propulsion systems as a whole. Two experiments were conducted to investigate the penetration characteristics of igniter jets (produced by the combustion of a percussion primer and black-powder pellet) typical of those found in ballistic propulsion systems. The first experiment utilized both live and inert propellant, in conjunction with high-speed photography and photodetectors, to examine the penetration of igniter jets discharging radially into the propellant bed from two diametrically opposite vent holes. These tests show that the igniter jets fully penetrate the granular bed before any significant ignition and combustion of the granular solid propellant occurs. During the second experiment, a singular igniter jet was discharged axially into an inert granular bed, which simulated the geometric properties of live granular propellants. This setup was designed to study the region of particles coated by the condensed-phase products of the igniter jet. This information is very useful since the ignition behavior of live propellants is dependent upon both convective heating by the igniter jet as well as conductive heating by the deposited condensed-phase products. Equilibrium analysis predicts that these condensed-phase products contain potassium species. This was confirmed by collecting the inert granular particles and analyzing them with energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDS). Three correlations were developed that describe the region of the granular bed coated by the condensed-phase products from the igniter jet; these include: (1) the axial depth of penetration, (2) maximum radial penetration, and (3) the volume of the coated region. These parameters were found as functions of the Reynolds number based on the jet-orifice diameter, the pressure ratio of the igniter chamber to the ambient condition, and the ratio of particle diameter to jet-orifice diameter.
The Effect of Rare Earth (Ln = Gd, Dy, Y and Yb) Doping on the Microstructure and Reliability in BaTiO<sub>3</sub>-Based Monolithic Ceramic Capacitors (MLCs) (2009)

The effect of rare earth (Ln = Gd, Dy, Y and Yb) and Mg ions on the microstructure and reliability of BaTiO3-based monolithic ceramic capacitors (MLCs) with Ni electrodes was investigated. The X-ray diffraction results about the lattice volume of sintered specimens suggested that Gd and Dy ions predominatly substituted into the Ba-site, Yb ions gave exclusive substitution at the Ti-site, while Y ions occupied either the Ba- and Ti-site. The reliability of ceramic capacitors was increasing with increasing the ionic radius of the rare earths in this study. The nonlinearity coefficient() etsimated from the leakage currents and the lifetime measured from the highly accelerated lifetime testing (HALT) showed a negative correlation which was observed only from Dy and Y ions doped specimens. The quantity of Ln and Mg in the grains tended to increase with increasing the Ln ionic radius. In order to improve the reliability and the insulation property of BaTiO3 based MLCs with Ni electrodes, it is important that acceptor ions at the Ti-site compensate donor ions which are rare earth ions at the Ba-site, so the overall quantity of the dopants required for the charge compensation with acceptor and donor ions increases accordingly.
Eros en iconiciteit in de poëzie van Marlise Joubert (2005)

In recent discussions on the function of language in poetry, the focus lies on the relation of sign and meaning. Poetry, according to theorist W. Bronzwaer in his book Lessen in Lyriek, aims at confirming the necessity and functionality of the signs that are used. To describe how poetry works and how poetry attains to coherent meaning, the term iconic is important and very useful. Bronzwaer bases his study on this term and I follow him here.
In my article I intend to show the way iconicity works, via the love poems written by Stellenbosch author Marlise Joubert. My article analyses the poetical strategies which make the poems in Lyfsange meaningful to a very high extent. At the end of this contribution I confront Jouberts poems with their response in Louis Esterhuizens volume of poetry Opslagsomer.