gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Nanoscale Clustering of RGD Peptides at Surfaces Using Comb Polymers. 2. Surface Segregation of Comb Polymers in Polylactide (2001)

Part 1 of these studies described poly(methyl methacrylate-r-polyoxyethylene methacrylate) P(MMA-r-POEM) comb polymers that present Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) peptides at a surface in nanoscale clusters on a protein-resistant background for control of cell adhesion. Here in part 2, we examine surface segregation of these peptide-modified and unmodified comb polymers blended with polylactide (PLA) as a self-assembly approach suitable for surface modification of porous tissue engineering scaffolds. Multiple thermodynamic driving forces for surface enrichment of the comb polymer are exploited by annealing PLA/P(MMA-r-POEM) blends above the glass transition of the blend components but below the melting point of PLA, while in contact with water. Predictions of the interfacial composition profiles of annealed blends were made using a self-consistent field (SCF) lattice model. The calculations predict strong enrichment of the comb in the top approximately 50 A of blends, and organization of comb molecules in quasi-2D conformations at the interface, similar to the apparent structure of pure comb surfaces in contact with water described in part 1. Experimentally, PLA/comb blend surfaces were characterized by contact angle measurements, XPS, quantification of ligand-cluster surface density and stability by AFM and fluorescent nanosphere labeling, and cell attachment assays. These data were consistent with SCF predictions, showing significant enrichment of the comb at water-annealed surfaces and RGD cluster densities consistent with 2D conformations for comb molecules in the surface layer. Bulk miscibility of the blends was verified by dynamic rheometry, small-angle neutron scattering, DSC and X-ray diffraction studies. Surface segregation of combs provided tunable cell adhesion on PLA through surface-localized nanoclusters of RGD atop a cell-resistant background.
The kinetics of the reactions of picryl chloride with some substituted anilines. Part IV (1977)

Arrhenius parameters have been measured for the reactions of picryl chloride with the following substituted anilines in acetonitrile: 3-methoxyaniline, 3-X-5-nitroanilines (X = CF3, SO2Me, or Me), 3-X-5-methoxyanilines (X = F, Cl, Br, I, CF3, SO2Me, or OMe), and 3-X-5-methylsulphonylanilines (X = Cl, Br, or I). In both the methoxyhalogeno- and methylsulphonyl-halogeno-aniline series, the span of the rate constants is small and log A increases with increasing activation energy. The effects of the substituents in 3-methylsulphonyl-5-nitroaniline and in 3-methylsulphonyl-, 3-methoxy-, 3-trifluoromethyl-, 3-fluoro-, and 3-iodo-5-methoxyanilines on the free energies of activation is not additive.
Silyl Glyoximides: Toward a New Class of Visible Light Photoinitiators (2022)

Abstract Many academic and industrial works are carried out for the search of new classes of visible light photoinitiators. In the last decade, new Type I photoinitiator generating silyl, germyl, or stannyl radicals is elegantly reported; the chemical mechanisms being often associated with the cleavage of the C(═O)Si, C(═O)Ge, or C(═O)Sn bonds. In this context, silyl glyoxylates are also reported as dual Type I and Type II photoinitiators. Silyl glyoximides are proposed here as new near‐UV and blue light sensitive photoinitiators. The synthesis of such compounds as well as their light absorption properties is discussed. Their photochemical properties are studied through steady state photolysis experiments and molecular modeling data (i.e., through the calculations of the frontier orbitals, CC bond dissociation energies and triplet state energy levels). To finish, their photoinitiating ability upon near‐UV or blue light emitting diode light is examined in a benchmark methacrylate monomer blend (BisGMA/TEGDMA). Markedly, a Type I photoinitiator behavior is highlighted but better initiating properties are found in multicomponent systems in combination with iodonium salt and amine.
Resonant frequencies of the equilateral triangular patch antenna (1992)

A critical study of the resonant frequencies of the equilateral triangular patch antenna is presented. The contributions include: (1) verification of the previous experimental data of J.S. Dahele and K.F Lee (see IEEE Trans. Antennas & Propag., vol.AP-35, no.1, p.100-1, 1987) by moment-method results; (2) novel measurements and moment-method results for epsilon /sub r/=10, which show that X. Gang's hypothesis (see IEEE Trans. Antennas & Propag., vol.AP-37, no.2, p.245-7, 1989) is invalid; and (3) a curve fitting formula yielding accuracies of better than 1% for the resonant frequencies.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
ChemInform Abstract: Gas Phase Reactions of Second‐Row Transition Metal Atoms with Small Hydrocarbons: Experiment and Theory. (1996)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Auditory Brainstem Implantation in a 16-Month-Old Boy With Cochlear Hypoplasia (2014)

Based on our experience in combination with the work of others internationally, auditory brainstem implantation is feasible and safe in children younger than 5 years.
The Limits of Property (2002)

Abstract This chapter considers the limits of property. It asks whether there are conceptual or practical limits of property. If there are, they should be taken into account, along with relevant property-specific justice reasons, as facets of property-institutional design.
Incidence of Clinical Mastitis in Dairy Herds Grouped in Three Categories by Bulk Milk Somatic Cell Counts (1998)

Incidence of clinical mastitis was studied in 274 herds grouped in three categories by bulk milk somatic cell count (SCC). Mean incidence rate of clinical mastitis was 0.278, 0.257, and 0.252 cases per 365 cow-days at risk in herds with low (< or = 150,000), medium (150,000 to 250,000), and high (250,000 to 400,000 cells/ml) bulk milk SCC, respectively. The incidence rate of clinical mastitis was not different among the three categories. Variance in the incidence of clinical mastitis among herds increased as bulk milk SCC decreased. Clinical mastitis caused by Gram-negative pathogens, such as Escherichia coli, Klebsiella spp., or Pseudomonas spp., occurred more often in herds with a low bulk milk SCC. Clinical mastitis caused by Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus dysgalactiae, and Streptococcus agalactiae occurred more often in herds with a high bulk milk SCC. Systemic signs of illness caused by clinical mastitis occurred more often in herds with a low bulk milk SCC. Both overall culling rate and culling rate for clinical mastitis were not different among groups catergorized by bulk milk SCC. In herds with a high bulk milk SCC, however, more cows that produced milk with a high SCC were culled. In herds with a low bulk milk SCC, more cows were culled for teat lesions, milkability, udder shape, fertility, and character than were cows in herds with a high bulk milk SCC. In herds with a low bulk milk SCC, cows were also culled more for export and production reasons.
Constituent redistribution modeling in U-Zr fast reactor fuel (1994)

Constituent redistribution in U-Zr metallic fuel is observed at elevated fuel operating temperatures. The restructured fuel is typically characterized by a three-zone radial structure. This structure consists of an outermost zone that extends from the fuel surface radially inward and retains the as-fabricated composition, an innermost zone that extends from the fuel center radially outward and is enriched in zirconium above the as-fabricated level and an intermediate zone that is depleted in zirconium. These three zones have been shown to be consistent with three distinct phase fields within the miscibility gap on the uranium-rich side of the U-Zr phase diagram: the outermost zone that retains the as-fabricated composition is composed of the two-phase mixture {alpha} + {gamma}{sub 2}, the zirconium-depleted intermediate zone of {beta} + {gamma}{sub 2}, and the zirconium-enriched innermost zone of {gamma}{sub 1} + {gamma}{sub 2} or pure {gamma}. Experimental evidence suggests that the zirconium enrichment of the {gamma} zone occurs rapidly prior to reaching a zirconium content corresponding to the triple-point at {approximately}42 at.% Zr but proceeds above this zirconium level more slowly. The process is assumed to be a thermotransport phenomenon due to the radial fuel thermal gradient, with the thermodynamics of the {gamma}-U phase controlling more » the process. Modeling efforts by Ogawa et al. and Ishida. et al. have yielded results that are inconsistent with experimental observations. This paper presents a redistribution model that is more consistent with experimental results. « less
A Delay from Diagnosis to Treatment Is Associated with a Decreased Overall Survival for Patients with Endometrial Cancer (2016)

A significant increase in interval of time from diagnosis to treatment of endometrial cancer was seen in both race and insurance status. A longer interval from diagnosis to treatment was associated mortality. The causes of these delays are likely multifactorial but deem further investigation given these data.
Versatile Surfactant/Swelling-Agent Template for Synthesis of Large-Pore Ordered Mesoporous Silicas and Related Hollow Nanoparticles (2015)

A surfactant/swelling-agent pair suitable for templating a variety of well-defined large-pore nanoporous silicas was identified. The pair includes a poly(ethylene oxide)-poly(propylene oxide)-poly(ethylene oxide), PEO-PPO-PEO, block copolymer surfactant (Pluronic F127, EO106PO70EO106) with a large fraction of long hydrophilic PEO blocks and a swelling agent (toluene) that strongly solubilizes in micelles of the PEO-PPO-PEO surfactant family. Such a combination affords micellar templates for both spherical and cylindrical mesopores with potential to hinder cross-linking of micelle-templated nanostructures due to stabilization of nanoparticles by long PEO chains. Under low-temperature conditions (11–12 °C), the Pluronic F127/toluene pair affords ultralarge-pore FDU-12 (ULP-FDU-12) silica with face-centered cubic structure of spherical mesopores and related hollow nanospheres, as well as large-pore SBA-15 (LP-SBA-15) with two-dimensional hexagonal structure of cylindrical mesopores and related silica nanotubes. ULP-FDU-12 reaches the unit-cell parameter of 69 nm, which is very large. LP-SBA-15 has a unit-cell parameter up to 26 nm and pore diameter up to ∼20 nm and is exceptionally well ordered. The hollow nanospheres and nanotubes are attainable through lowering of the silica-precursor/surfactant ratio. The materials templated by spherical micelles form when the surfactant/swelling-agent solution is kept under stirring for extended periods of time before the addition of the silica precursor. The sizes of entrances to the hollow nanospheres can be continuously tuned by adjusting the hydrothermal treatment temperature. The ordered mesoporous silicas can be converted from open-pore to closed-pore materials through the thermally induced pore closing. The diversity in morphology, pore size, and pore connectivity makes the proposed surfactant/swelling-agent templating system unprecedented in the large mesopore domain.
Predictors of return rate for an HIV-positive result in a French Voluntary Counseling and Testing centre (2014)

Bichat Hospital's free and anonymous Voluntary Counseling and Testing centre in Paris is widely visited, with a high rate of HIV-positive diagnosis. This study proposed, in this centre, to describe the HIV newly-diagnosed patients over an 8-year period and to determinate risk factors for failure to return for a positive result. Higher risk for failure to return was found among the heterosexual subjects regardless of their socio-economic background.
Effect of collagen content and heat treatment on protein digestibility and biological value of meat products (1982)

Abstract The digestibility and biological value of meat mixed with various amounts of collagen were measured after heat treatments. The M. biceps femoris muscle was used as the source of meat and pigskin as the source of collagen. The latter contained 78.9% collagen and digestibility both heated and raw was 95%. The NPU of mixtures of meat and pigskin showed a relation with collagen content defined as y = 82.8–0.6 x. Supplementation of pigskin at a pigskin-meat mixture containing 50% collagen with methionine did not increase NPU. The amount of collagen in untreated meat products is 15–30% and will be of negligible nutritional significance in a whole diet.
Spatial organization of the 3D genome encodes gene co-expression programs in single cells (2022)

SUMMARY Deconstructing the mechanism by which the 3D genome encodes genetic information to generate diverse cell types during animal development is a major challenge in biology. The contrast between the elimination of chromatin loops and domains upon Cohesin loss and the lack of downstream gene expression changes at the cell population level instigates intense debates regarding the structure-function relationship between genome organization and gene regulation. Here, by analyzing single cells after acute Cohesin removal with sequencing and spatial genome imaging techniques, we discover that, instead of dictating population-wide gene expression levels, 3D genome topology mediated by Cohesin safeguards long-range gene co-expression correlations in single cells. Notably, Cohesin loss induces gene co-activation and chromatin co-opening between active domains in cis up to tens of megabase apart, far beyond the typical length scale of enhancer-promoter communication. In addition, Cohesin separates Mediator protein hubs, prevents active genes in cis from localizing into shared hubs and blocks intersegment transfer of diverse transcriptional regulators. Together, these results support that spatial organization of the 3D genome orchestrates dynamic long-range gene and chromatin co-regulation in single living cells.
Using systematic nomenclature for CFTR variants: Improvement needed (2011)

The discovery of the gene involved in Cystic Fibrosis (CF) in 1989 was one of the first successes of the use of DNA markers and linkage analysis to determine the cause of a genetic disease. DNA-based assays were developed rapidly to screen the CFTR gene in thousands of patients, identifying the disease-causing variants and confirming diagnoses. At the time, no standards existed regarding how to report variants. As a consequence, the CF field developed their own legacy system. When world-wide standards were developed—what are now known as the “HGVS Recommendations for the Description of Sequence Variants” (Hum Mutat 8: 203–06, 1996; Hum Mutat 15: 1–12, 2000; www.hgvs.org/mutnomen)—the CF-field was reluctant to adopt them. The ultimate consequence was that newcomers in the field have had difficulty understanding the legacy descriptions used. Even worse, if one is not aware of this problem and takes the legacy descriptions at face value, one may end up at the wrong position in the CFTR gene. In this issue, Berwouts et al. (Hum Mutat 32: 1197–1203, 2011) evaluate laboratory reports from 217 participants in a CF study. They show that only 6% exclusively used the internationally accepted HGVS system,while 79% used traditional descriptions (only 15% used both). More disturbingly, 5% of the reports used nomenclature that was evaluated as being seriously incorrect and/or misleading, and only 24% gave the correct cDNA description and cited the nucleotide reference sequence used. The authors concluded that there is an urgent need for more consistent and correct description of the variants identified and recommend that all variants should be reported using both systems. A great help toward this end is that, since April 2010, the CFTR Gene Variant Database (http://www.genet.sickkids.on.ca/cftr/) started to list their variants using HGVS nomenclature. After reading the paper I wonder whether these issues have lead to diagnostic errors: it is hard to believe these have not occured. Although we hate them, we do need standards and we also should use them.
Mechanisms of Resistance to the FLT3-Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor PKC412 in Patients with AML. (2004)

Abstract The FLT3 receptor tyrosine kinase is expressed in 70-90% of cases of AML. Up to 35% of patients with AML show mutations in the JM-region or kinase domain of FLT3. These lead to autophosphorylation promoting ligand-independent cell proliferation and inhibition of apoptosis. Treatment with FLT3 tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) is a promising tool in therapy of AML. Preliminary results investigating the FLT3-TKI PKC412 in patients with relapsed/refractory AML revealed that 11/15 patients (73%) with mutated FLT3 and 16/46 patients (35%) with WT FLT3 showed a &amp;gt;50% blast response in peripheral blood (Estey E et al. Blood.2003; 102:919a). Despite its remarkable efficacy in reducing the leukemic clone, remissions upon single agent therapy using PKC412 tend to be short and secondary resistance occurs rather rapidly. So far, very little is known on the mechanisms of resistance to therapy using FLT3-TKIs. Therefore, we sought to characterize the molecular mechanisms involved. Overall PB and BM samples from 5 patients undergoing single agent therapy with PKC412 were analyzed. Three patients revealed reactivation of FLT3-kinase at relapse. Unchanged protein levels of Flt3 as detected by Western blotting before therapy and at relapse showed that amplification of FLT3 does not appear to play a role in development of secondary resistance. PKC412 plasma levels, as measured by HPLC, were similar in patients with and without reactivation of the kinase. Therefore, we examined the bioactivity of plasma obtained at relapse to inhibit phosphorylation of FLT3 in MV4-11 cells harboring FLT3-ITD. In two patients, plasma inhibited FLT3-tyrosine phosphorylation at the time of remission as well as at relapse, while in one patient, plasma was not able to inhibit FLT3-phosphorylation. Therefore, in this patient, an inhibitory activity in serum appeared to be operating. A potential candidate for this inhibitory activity is alpha1-glycoprotein (AGP) that was shown previously to mediate resistance to STI571 treatment. Our experiments showed that AGP is indeed able to inhibit bioactivity of PKC412 in-vitro. However, AGP-levels monitored in PB samples from patients included in this analysis did not show elevated plasma levels at relapse. Ex-vivo treatment of primary blasts with PKC412 at relapse showed that in one patient, blasts were still sensitive to PKC412. In two other patients, blasts showed resistance using a wide dose range of PKC412. Therefore, in these patients, cDNA sequencing of FLT3 was performed. In one patient, we identified a point mutation leading to an aminoacid exchange within the N-lobe of the FLT3-kinase domain at relapse. This mutation was not present at start of PKC412 therapy. Experiments analyzing the functional role of the novel mutation in the hematopoietic cell line 32D are in progress and will be presented. In conclusion, we have preliminarily identified examples of kinase-dependent and independent mechanisms operating in clinical resistance to PKC412.
Automating Visualization Quality Assessment: a Case Study in Higher Education (2021)

We present a case study in the use of machine+human mixed intelligence for visualization quality assessment, applying automated visualization quality metrics to support the human assessment of data visualizations produced as coursework by students taking higher education courses. A set of image informatics algorithms including edge congestion, visual saliency and colour analysis generate machine analysis of student visualizations. The insight from the image informatics outputs has proved helpful for the marker in assessing the work and is also provided to the students as part of a written report on their work. Student and external reviewer comments suggest that the addition of the image informatics outputs to the standard feedback document was a positive step. We review the ethical challenges of working with assessment data and of automating assessment processes.
Optical bistability with a repulsive optical force in coupled silicon photonic crystal membranes (2013)

We demonstrate actuation of a silicon photonic crystal membrane with a repulsive optical gradient force. The extent of the static actuation is extracted by examining the optical bistability as a combination of the optomechanical, thermo-optic, and photo-thermo-mechanical effects using coupled-mode theory. Device behavior is dominated by a repulsive optical force which results in displacements of ≈1 nm/mW. By employing an extended guided resonance which effectively eliminates multi-photon thermal and electronic nonlinearities, our silicon-based device provides a simple, non-intrusive solution to extending the actuation range of micro-electromechanical devices.
How does directly observed therapy work? The mechanisms and impact of a comprehensive directly observed therapy intervention of highly active antiretroviral therapy in Peru (2010)

From December 2005 through August 2008, we provided community-based accompaniment with supervised antiretroviral therapy (CASA) to impoverished individuals starting highly active antiretroviral therapy. Adherence support was provided for 18 months by a community-based team comprised of several nurses and two types of community health workers: field supervisors and directly observed therapy (DOT) volunteers. To complement our quantitative data collection in 2008 using purposive sampling, we conducted two gender-mixed focus group discussions with 13 CASA patient participants and 13 DOT volunteers from Lima, Peru to identify the mediating mechanisms by which CASA improved well-being, and to understand the benefits of the intervention, as perceived by these individuals. Using standard qualitative methods for the review and analysis of transcripts and interview notes, we identified central themes and developed a coding scheme for categorising participants' statements. Two individuals blinded to each other's coding, coded interview transcripts for theme and content from which a third reviewer compared their coding to arbitrate discrepancies. Additional domains were added if necessary and all domains were integrated into a theoretical scheme. Among the forms of support delivered by the CASA team, DOT volunteers reported emotional support, instrumental support, directly observed therapy, building trust, education, advocacy, exercise of moral authority and preparation for transition off CASA support. CASA participants described outcomes of improved adherence, ability to resume social roles, increased self-efficacy, hopefulness, changes in non-HIV-related behaviour, reduced internalised and externalised stigma, as well as ability to disclose. Both sets of focus group participants highlighted remaining challenges after completion of CASA support: stigma in the community, difficulties achieving economic recovery and persistent barriers to health services. Based on our prior quantitative and qualitative outcomes reported here, we argue that DOT of highly active antiretroviral therapy could be designed to optimise psychosocial recovery during the period of DOT.