gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Megestrol acetate in patients with AIDS‐related cachexia J. H. VON ROENN, D. ARMSTRONG, D. P. KOTLER, ET AL Ann Intern Med 121:393–399, 1994 (1996)

Weight loss occurs in almost all patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, and its causes are multifactorial. One of the most common causes is anorexia, and there are presently two drugs available for these patients: megestrol acetate (Megace; Bristol‐Myers Oncology Division, Princeton, NJ) and dronabinol (Marinol; Roxane Labs, Columbus, OH). A randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, multicenter study using megestrol acetate is reviewed here. 1 The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of different doses of the drug on weight gain and other parameters in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) patients who presented with weight loss. In an outpatient setting, 270 patients were evaluated for safety of the drug. Only 195 patients could be used for evaluation of both safety and efficacy. The megestrol acetate was administered at 100, 400, or 800 mg daily for 12 weeks. Patients had lost either 20% or their premorbid weight or were ≤90% of their ideal body weight. No one was included with impaired digestive or absorptive function or with severe diarrhea defined as five or more watery stools per day for ≥7 days. Weight gain was statistically better in those patients who received 800 mg of megestrol acetate compared with the placebo group. In the group receiving 800 mg of megestrol acetate, 64.2% gained ≥2.27 kg compared with the placebo group, of which 21.4% gained at least 5 pounds ( p &lt;.001). Patients receiving megestrol acetate had an increased weight gain in a dose‐dependent manner ( p &lt;.001), ranging from an average of 1.9 ± 1.3, 4.2 ± 1.3, and 7.8 ± 1.3 pounds in 100, 400, and 800 mg of megestrol acetate, respectively. The placebo group lost an average of 1.6 ± 1.2 pounds. In addition to weight gain, the patients receiving the 800 mg of megestrol acetate reported improved overall feeling of well‐being, appetite score, and consumed an average increase of 645.6 calories per day in contrast to a decrease of 107 calories per day in the placebo group. There were no major drug‐related safety issues observed. Body composition was assessed by bioelectrical impedance and arm skinfold thicknesses. According to the skinfold thickness measurements, there was an increase in muscle mass of 1 kg in the group receiving 800 mg of the drug; all other groups lost muscle mass. All groups receiving the megestrol acetate showed increases in the triceps skinfold thicknesses in contrast to a decrease observed in the placebo group. Results of the bioelectrical impedance analyses were similar to the anthropometry measurements; the group receiving 800 mg of megestrol acetate had a mean increase of 1.14 kg lean body mass. There was no increase in total body water for any group receiving the drug therapy. The authors concluded that in patients with AIDS‐related weight loss, megestrol acetate stimulates appetite and increases food intake that leads to statistically significant weight gain. These finding result in an improvement in quality of life.
A single early-in-life macrolide course has lasting effects on murine microbial network topology and immunity (2017)

Broad-spectrum antibiotics are frequently prescribed to children. Early childhood represents a dynamic period for the intestinal microbial ecosystem, which is readily shaped by environmental cues; antibiotic-induced disruption of this sensitive community may have long-lasting host consequences. Here we demonstrate that a single pulsed macrolide antibiotic treatment (PAT) course early in life is sufficient to lead to durable alterations to the murine intestinal microbiota, ileal gene expression, specific intestinal T-cell populations, and secretory IgA expression. A PAT-perturbed microbial community is necessary for host effects and sufficient to transfer delayed secretory IgA expression. Additionally, early-life antibiotic exposure has lasting and transferable effects on microbial community network topology. Our results indicate that a single early-life macrolide course can alter the microbiota and modulate host immune phenotypes that persist long after exposure has ceased.High or multiple doses of macrolide antibiotics, when given early in life, can perturb the metabolic and immunological development of lab mice. Here, Ruiz et al. show that even a single macrolide course, given early in life, leads to long-lasting changes in the gut microbiota and immune system of mice.
Flexibility of the Zeolite RHO Framework.InSituX-ray and Neutron Powder Structural Characterization of Cation-Exchanged BePO and BeAsO RHO Analogs (1996)

This is an extensive study of the non-aluminosilicate analogs of the zeolite RHO. This molecular sieve is of great interest commercially because of its catalytic properties. In the absence of rigid supporting structural subunits (smaller cages or channels), the aluminosilicate RHO exhibits atypical framework flexibility with large displacive rearrangements. The beryllophosphate and berylloarsenate analogs are easily synthesized under very mild reaction conditions and therefore may be of interest for inexpensive and rapid commercial production. However, they have decreased thermal stability. In an effort to increase thermal stability and explore framework flexibility, we have synthesized and characterized a series of analogs of the non-aluminosilicate RHO framework. All materials crystallize in the space group I23, ranging from a = 13.584(2) Å for Li-BePO RHO to a = 14.224(4) Å for Ba-RbBeAsO RHO for hydrated phases. The extra framework cations are distributed over the double 8-ring, single 8-ring, and two single 6-ring sites. Partially and fully dehydrated phases were also studied for changes in framework stability. Predictive trends based on the type of cation exchanged into the framework were determined by 9Be and 31P MAS NMR.
Supplementary Figure 1 from Development of a Novel Antibody–Drug Conjugate for the Potential Treatment of Ovarian, Lung, and Renal Cell Carcinoma Expressing TIM-1 (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Structure of CDX-014. CDX-014 is a fully human monoclonal antibody specific for TIM-1 covalently linked to the enzyme-cleavable valine-citrulline-p-aminobenzylcarbamate-monomethylauristatin-E (vcMMAE). The drug to antibody (DAR) molar ratio was approximately 4.5.&lt;/p&gt;
The Geometry of Deep Generative Image Models and its Applications (2021)

Generative adversarial networks (GANs) have emerged as a powerful unsupervised method to model the statistical patterns of real-world data sets, such as natural images. These networks are trained to map random inputs in their latent space to new samples representative of the learned data. However, the structure of the latent space is hard to intuit due to its high dimensionality and the non-linearity of the generator, which limits the usefulness of the models. Understanding the latent space requires a way to identify input codes for existing real-world images (inversion), and a way to identify directions with known image transformations (interpretability). Here, we use a geometric framework to address both issues simultaneously. We develop an architecture-agnostic method to compute the Riemannian metric of the image manifold created by GANs. The eigen-decomposition of the metric isolates axes that account for different levels of image variability. An empirical analysis of several pretrained GANs shows that image variation around each position is concentrated along surprisingly few major axes (the space is highly anisotropic) and the directions that create this large variation are similar at different positions in the space (the space is homogeneous). We show that many of the top eigenvectors correspond to interpretable transforms in the image space, with a substantial part of eigenspace corresponding to minor transforms which could be compressed out. This geometric understanding unifies key previous results related to GAN interpretability. We show that the use of this metric allows for more efficient optimization in the latent space (e.g. GAN inversion) and facilitates unsupervised discovery of interpretable axes. Our results illustrate that defining the geometry of the GAN image manifold can serve as a general framework for understanding GANs.
In vivo imaging of brain infarct with the novel fluorescent probe PSVue 794 in a rat middle cerebral artery occlusion-reperfusion model. (2013)

The utility of PSVue 794 (PS794), a near-infrared fluorescent dye conjugated to a bis[zinc (II)-dipicolylamine] (Zn-DPA) targeting moiety, in imaging brain infarct was assessed in a rat middle cerebral artery occlusion-reperfusion model. Following reperfusion, 1 mM PS794 solution was administered intravenously via a tail vein. Fluorescence images were captured between 6 to 72 hours postinjection using a LI-COR Biosciences Pearl Imaging System. Strong fluorescence signals, which may represent the infarct core, were detected in the right hemisphere, ipsilateral to the injured site, and weaker signals in areas surrounding the core. In ischemia-reperfusion rats injected with a control dye not linked to a targeting agent, fluorescence was distributed diffusely throughout the brain. To address the issue of whether Zn-DPA targets apoptotic/necrotic cells, HT22 mouse hippocampal neurons were cultured in either Dulbecco's Modified Eagle's Medium, serum-deprived medium, Hank's Balanced Salt Solution, or L-glutamate (10 mM)-containing medium for up to 33 hours. Cells were then double-labeled with PSVue 480 (Zn-DPA conjugated to fluorescein isothiocyanate) and propidium iodide, which labels necrotic cells. Microscopic examination revealed that PS480 targeted apoptotic and necrotic cells. The result indicates that PS794 is applicable to in vivo imaging of brain infarct and that Zn-DPA selectively targets apoptotic/necrotic cells.
Efficacy of Acylfulvene Illudin analogues against a metastatic lung carcinoma MV522 xenograft nonresponsive to traditional anticancer agents: retention of activity against various mdr phenotypes and unusual cytotoxicity against ERCC2 and ERCC3 DNA helicase-deficient cells. (1995)

Four second-generation Illudin analogues were synthesized and tested for antitumor activity using a metastatic lung carcinoma xenograft model resistant to conventional antitumor agents. One analogue, the parent illudofulvene-derivative called Acylfulvene, inhibited xenograft primary tumor growth and prolonged life span of tumor-bearing animals when administered i.p. or i.v. The efficacy of Acylfulvene exceeded that of mitomycin C, cisplatin, paclitaxol, the parent compound Illudin S, and an earlier analogue, dehydroilludin M. Promising features of this new analogue are: (a) the retention of in vitro activity against a variety of mdr tumor phenotypes including gp170+, gp150+, GSHTR-Pi, topoisomerase I, and topoisomerase II mutants; and (b) an apparent selective cytotoxicity toward cells deficient in either ERCC2 or ERCC3 DNA helicase activity.
Analysis of wastewater samples by direct combination of thin-film microextraction and desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (2012)

An analysis method for aqueous samples by the direct combination of C18/SCX mixed mode thin-film microextraction (TFME) and desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (DESI-MS) was developed. Both techniques make analytical workflow simpler and faster, hence the combination of the two techniques enables considerably shorter analysis time compared to the traditional liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS) approach. The method was characterized using carbamazepine and triclosan as typical examples for pharmaceuticals and personal care product (PPCP) components which draw increasing attention as wastewater-derived environmental contaminants. Both model compounds were successfully detected in real wastewater samples and their concentrations determined using external calibration with isotope labeled standards. Effects of temperature, agitation, sample volume, and exposure time were investigated in the case of spiked aqueous samples. Results were compared to those of parallel HPLC-MS determinations and good agreement was found through a three orders of magnitude wide concentration range. Serious matrix effects were observed in treated wastewater, but lower limits of detection were still found to be in the low ng L(-1) range. Using an Orbitrap mass spectrometer, the technique was found to be ideal for screening purposes and led to the detection of various different PPCP components in wastewater treatment plant effluents, including beta-blockers, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, and UV filters.
Stomal Ulcer After Gastric Bypass1 (1997)

Stomal ulcer after gastric bypass is the result of acid production in the bypassed stomach in the presence of a gastrogastric fistula. Separation of the gastric pouch from the main stomach decreases the incidence of fistula formation and stomal ulcer but does not eliminate it. Interposition of a well vascularized organ, the jejunum between the pouch and main stomach, is an attractive solution for patients who require remedial operations on the stomach and possibly for primary operations as well.
Alkylcobaloximes and Their Relation to Alkylcobalamins (1966)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAlkylcobaloximes and Their Relation to AlkylcobalaminsG. N. Schrauzer and R. J. WindgassenCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1966, 88, 16, 3738–3743Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1966Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1966https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00968a012https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00968a012research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1851Altmetric-Citations234LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Binding of FimD on Bordetella pertussis to very late antigen-5 on monocytes activates complement receptor type 3 via protein tyrosine kinases (1995)

Nonopsonized Bordetella pertussis bind to human monocytes by means of the virulence factors filamentous hemagglutinin (FHA), pertactin, and the minor fimbrial subunit FimD. Receptors on monocytes that mediate binding of B. pertussis to these cells include complement receptor type 3 (CR3), which binds to FHA of B. pertussis, and very late antigen-5 (VLA-5), which binds to an, as yet, unknown ligand on these bacteria. In the present study, the possibility that FimD acts as a ligand for VLA-5 was investigated. Soluble fibronectin, which is the natural ligand for VLA-5, or mAbs against VLA-5 inhibited binding to monocytes of B. pertussis strains that express FimD but not of mutant strains that lack FimD. Beads that were coated with the fusion protein maltose-binding protein-FimD bound to adherent monocytes, and this binding was inhibited by soluble fibronectin or mAb against the alpha- or beta-chain of VLA-5, while soluble collagen or mAb against VLA-4, VLA-6, CR3, or HLA class II had no effect. Down-modulation of VLA-5 on the apical surface of monocytes by plating the cells onto surfaces precoated with anti-VLA-5 mAb also inhibited binding of beads coated with maltose-binding protein-FimD to monocytes, while precoating of the surfaces with mAb against VLA-6 or CR3 had no effect. These results indicate that VLA-5 on monocytes serves as a receptor for FimD on B. pertussis. Binding of C3bi-coated erythrocytes to monocytes, which is a measure of the binding activity of CR3, was enhanced when monocytes were adhered onto plates precoated with purified fimbriae of B. pertussis, while precoating with fimbriae lacking FimD had no effect. Precoating of the plates with FimD-containing fimbriae also enhanced binding of B. pertussis, which express FHA, but not of strains that lack FHA, to monocytes. The enhanced binding of C3bi-coated erythrocytes and B. pertussis to monocytes could be markedly inhibited by tyrphostin-47, a protein tyrosine kinase inhibitor. These results demonstrate that interaction of FimD of B. pertussis with VLA-5 on monocytes activates CR3, which requires protein tyrosine kinases and results in enhanced binding of B. pertussis to the latter receptor via FHA.
Enantioselective Organocatalytic Transfer Hydrogenation of α‐Imino Esters by Utilization of Benzothiazoline as Highly Efficient Reducing Agent (2010)

Abstract Benzothiazoline was employed as an efficient and versatile reducing agent for the chiral phosphoric acid‐catalyzed transfer hydrogenation of α‐imino esters. The corresponding α‐amino esters were furnished with excellent enantioselectivities. Novel and readily removable benzothiazolines bearing a hydroxy group were also investigated.
Physico‐chemical studies of polyetherurethaneurea in phosphate buffer solution (1991)

Abstract Polyetherurethaneureas are increasingly used as implants in the human body, where they come in contact with body fluid. Most of the reported properties of polyetherurethaneureas have been determined in the dry state. The present work deals with the properties of these materials in aqueous systems. A number of linear polyetherurethaneureas based on polyethoxyglycol and polypropoxyglycol of different molecular weights, 4,4′‐diphenylmethane diisocynate, 1,3‐propanediamine and 1,6‐hexanediamine have been prepared. Their swelling characteristics and phase composition in phosphate buffer solution are evaluated. The role of water in changing various properties of polyetherurethaneureas is discussed.
Laser frequency combs for precision astrophysical spectroscopy (2009)

Searches for extrasolar planets using the periodic Doppler shift of stellar spectral lines resulting from the motion of the host star around the barycentre of an extrasolar system have recently achieved a precision of 60 cm/s. To find a 1-Earth-mass planet in an Earth-like orbit, a precision of 5 cm/s is necessary. The sensitivity of astrophysical spectroscopy is presently limited by its wavelength calibration sources. The combination of a laser frequency comb with a Fabry-Perot (FP) filter cavity has been suggested as a promising approach to improved sensitivity. The paper reports on the fabrication and tests of a filtered comb with up to 40-GHz (~ 1 Aring) line spacing, generated from a 1 - GHz repetition-rate source, without compromising long-term stability, reproducibility or spectral resolution. This astro-comb is well matched to the resolving power of high-resolution astrophysical spectrographs. The astro-comb should allow a precision as high as 1 cm/s in astronomical radial velocity measurements.
Using the Framework for Reporting Adaptations and Modifications-Expanded (FRAME) to study adaptations in lung cancer screening delivery in the Veterans Health Administration: a cohort study (2023)

Using FRAME, we found that adaptations occurred primarily in the areas of patient identification and communication of results due to increased workload. These findings highlight navigator time and resource considerations for sustainability and scalability of existing and future lung cancer screening programs as well as potential areas for future intervention.
Kinetics and mechanism of biodegradation of (co)polyglycolide sutures (1999)

Abstract Biodegradation in vivo of modified and unmodified PG (polyglycolide) and PGL (copolymer glycolide — L — lactide) monofilament sutures were studied using 1 H‐ NMR, wide and small angle X‐ray scattering, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), electron microscopy (EM), Fourier transform (FT) Raman spectroscopy methods. It was found that the process includes a steady‐state and accelerated stages of biodegradation. The suture biostability depends on polymer morphology changing widely over the suture draw ratio. The modification of polymer chain results in an increase in suture useful lifetime without significant changes of complete polymer degradation time. It was also established the important role of weak intermolecular hydrogen bonds such as CH–‐O=C in the suture stability.
THE IMPACT OF ADIPOKINES IN THE ONSET OF ATRIAL FIBRILLATION (2021)

Objective: Several adipose tissue bioactive factors (adipokines) have been linked to cardiovascular (CV) diseases. Apelin and omentin-1 have cardioprotective effects whereas visfatin and chemerin have negative effects on CV function. The aim of this study was to calculate apelin, omentin-1, visfatin and chemerin plasma levels in patients with a first episode of atrial fibrillation (AF) investigating any potential association of these factors with the presence of the arrhythmia. Design and method: Overall, 60 patients without a previous history of AF were studied. Of them, 30 had a first documented episode of AF on ECG or 24-hour Holter monitoring during the last month and 30 did not. Apelin, omentin-1, visfatin and chemerin plasma levels were measured by the Elisa method. Results: Compared to non-AF patients, visfatin and chemerin levels were higher in patients with a first episode of AF while apelin and omentin-1 levels were lower. However, statistically significant differences were observed only for apelin and visfatin. No statistically significant differences in demographic characteristics and CV risk factors were noted between the two groups (Table). Conclusions: Visfatin as a non-cardioprotective adipokine was increased in patients having AF for the first time while apelin as a cardioprotective adipokine was decreased indicating a potential correlation of these hormones with the presence of the arrhythmia.
Synthesis and Evaluation of Benzimidazole Derivatives for Anti-tubercular and Antimicrobial Activities. (2011)

The present research work was aimed to synthesize some benzimidazole acetic acid derivatives and also the derivatives associated with 1,2,4 triazolone and was investigated for their biological activities. A two different series of compounds were synthesized, 4-[(2-aryl methyl-1H-benzimidazol-1-yl) acetyl] 5 nitro-2,4 –dihydro-3H-1,2,4 triazol3-one and 4-[(2-aryl methyl-1H-benzimidazol-1-yl)methyl] 5 nitro-2,4-dihydro-3H-1,2,4 triazol-3-one. The newly synthesized compounds have been characterized by their analytical and spectral (IR and 1H NMR, C13 NMR, mass spectra) properties. All the compounds have been screened for their anti tubercular and antimicrobial activities by standard methods. Results of activities reveal that compound shown promising anti tubercular activity at both the concentration compared to standard drug streptomycin, and shown good antimicrobial activities.
Timing performance of various GPS receivers (2003)

11 inexpensive, commercially available GPS-recivers have been bought and the timing performance of them has been studied since autumn 1998. The one PPS (pulse per second) output of each receiver has been compared to Cs-clock of National T&F Laboratory (VTT Automation) every 10 minutes over several months. As a rule, GPS receivers were in 3D-mode. After short settling time 10 receivers out of 11 the PPSs of the receivers were within +- 200 ns of the national time. Short term noise of PPSs varied from 30 ns to 150 ns (SD). The results show that timing performances of the receivers were as a rule in specifications.