gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Differential sensitivity of cancer cells to docosahexaenoic acid–induced cytotoxicity: The potential importance of down-regulation of superoxide dismutase 1 expression (2004)

Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6 n-3), a polyunsaturated fatty acid found in fish oil, exerts cytotoxic effects on cancer cells. Although DHA was toxic toward five human cancer cell lines (MCF-7, MDA-MB-231, SiHa, Raji, and DHL-4), the lines were not uniformly sensitive. DHL-4, a bcl-2 overexpressing lymphoid line, was the most sensitive (IC50, 5.2 micromol/L) and the cervical cancer cell line, SiHa, was the most resistant (IC50, >300 micromol/L). Lipid peroxidation has been cited by others as an important component of DHA toxicity, and we confirmed that vitamin E prevents the cytotoxic effects of DHA. Lipid peroxidation was greater following DHA treatment of the sensitive DHL-4 cells than in the resistant SiHa cells, as assessed by thiobarbituric acid reactive substance generation. DHL-4 cells treated with DHA for 20 hours showed a 3.5-fold increase in thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, whereas SiHa cells showed no increase. Reverse transcription-PCR analysis detected a down-regulation of the expression of the major antioxidant enzyme, superoxide dismutase (SOD) 1, in DHL-4 cells but not in SiHa cells after DHA treatment. Knockdown of SOD1 expression in SiHa cells with small interfering RNA significantly enhanced lipid peroxidation and cytotoxicity on exposure to DHA. These results show that DHL-4 cells are highly sensitive to the cytotoxic effect of DHA and that regulation of SOD1 expression may play an important role in determining the sensitivity of different tumor cells to the cytotoxic effects of DHA.
Learning to Estimate 3D Hand Pose from Single RGB Images (2017)

Low-cost consumer depth cameras and deep learning have enabled reasonable 3D hand pose estimation from single depth images. In this paper, we present an approach that estimates 3D hand pose from regular RGB images. This task has far more ambiguities due to the missing depth information. To this end, we propose a deep network that learns a network-implicit 3D articulation prior. Together with detected keypoints in the images, this network yields good estimates of the 3D pose. We introduce a large scale 3D hand pose dataset based on synthetic hand models for training the involved networks. Experiments on a variety of test sets, including one on sign language recognition, demonstrate the feasibility of 3D hand pose estimation on single color images.
Successful treatment of refractory metastatic neuroblastoma with panobinostat in combination with chemotherapy agents and iodine-131-meta-iodobenzylguanidine therapy (2019)

Panobinostat can cause apoptosis induction in refractory metastatic neuroblastoma in combination with MIBG therapy and chemotherapy.
A broadband, quasi-continuous, mid-infrared supercontinuum generated in a chalcogenide glass waveguide (2014)

The production of a broadband supercontinuum spanning from 1.8 μm to >7.5 μm is reported which was created by pumping a chalcogenide glass waveguide with ≈320 fs pulses at 4 μm. The total power was ≈20 mW and the source brightness was 100 that of current synchrotrons. This source promises to be an excellent laboratory tool for infrared microspectroscopy.
Control of Gate Metal Effective Work Functions and Interface Layer Thickness by Designing Interface Thermodynamics Based on Heteroatom Incorporation into High-k HfO2 Gate Dielectrics (2010)

We have proposed a new approach for controlling both gate metal effective work functions and interface layer thickness at the same time based on the incorporation of hetero atoms into HfO2 gate dielectrics. We investigated C atom incorporation into HfO2 by the first principles calculations. The results indicate that additional C atoms in HfO2 can reduce an interfacial SiO2 layer, which also causes modification of a gate metal effective work function. Redesigning interface thermodynamics by incorporating hetero atoms can be a crucial recipe for controlling both gate metal work functions and thickness of interfacial SiO2 layers in high-k gate stacks
Laser-assisted intracytoplasmic sperm injection in human oocytes. (2002)

A noncontact, 1,480-nm diode laser can be used for the immobilization of sperm and for opening a hole in the ZP to facilitate ICSI, biopsy manipulation toward preimplantation genetic diagnosis and assisted hatching.
Direct Observations of the Chip-Tool Interface in Machining (1997)

Abstract An experimental study has been made of the chip-tool interface and its evolution in the low speed cutting of metals. Specially prepared transparent glass and sapphire tools have been used to cut commercially pure metals such as lead, aluminium and copper. The chip-tool interface has been observed in situ using optical microscopy and recorded on film and video tape. By observing the motion of inhomogeneities in the chip, and pro-filometry of the chip and tool surfaces, it has been established that there is intimate sliding contact between the chip and the tool at and near the cutting edge. Farther away from the cutting edge and close to the end of the chip-tool contact, metal transfer and sticking are observed between the chip and tool surfaces. It has been shown that metal deposition on the tool rake surface initially occurs near the end of contact and progressively extends outward and away from the cutting edge as the length of contact increases. The sticking and sliding zones are unchanged when these pure metals are machined with tungsten carbide tools.
Analysis of fouling and flux behaviour in crossflow microfiltration of non-alcoholic beer by ceramic membrane (2009)

The clarification of rough non alcoholic beer (RNAB) constitutes a scientific and technical challenges for brewing industry as an alternative to conventional dead-end filtration with filter-aid (Kieselguhr). RNAB clarification has been investigated in a pilot plant including a tubular ceramic membrane with a nominal pore diameter of 0.45μm. The actual mean pore diameter of the membrane has been determined to be 2.4μm and the mean particles diameter in RNAB was 115μm. The concentration of suspended particles in the RNAB (in kg/m3) has been found to have a proportional relation with its turbidity (in NTU) with the factor of 4.45×10-4(kgm-3NTU-1). During cross-flow filtration, flux declined drastically with time due to the fouling. According to the characterizing curve of log(d2t/dV2) versus log(dt/dV), the mechanism of fouling has been determined to be pore blocking initially (standard blocking law) and cake formation mechanism successively (cake filtration law). Analysis of the first 15min of operation with pore blocking model and the remaining flux data after 20min of operation with cake filtration models represent a good agreement with correlation coefficient of more than 92%. A generalized equation has been derived for predicting the flux data and its application for other set of data was acceptable with less than 15% error. This evidenceconfirms that microfiltration of rough non-alcoholic beer is controlled by formation of gel and cake layer on the surface of the membrane and hydrodynamic techniquesmay play a significant role in the flux enhancement and improving the performance of operation.
Intermediate CGG repeat length at the FMR1 locus is not associated with hormonal indicators of ovarian age (2014)

Our data do not support an association between intermediate CGG repeat length and levels of AMH or FSH among fertile women.
New unsymmetrical complex diesters of adipic acid considered as tribological fluids (2010)

Abstract The paper presents results concerning the synthesis and characterisation of some unsymmetrical diesters of adipic acid with a mixed, complex structure in order to produce synthetic ester oils with specific tribological properties. These complex diesters have been synthesised by taking into account medium and superior aliphatic alcohols, such as n‐butanol, n‐hexanol, 2‐ethyl‐hexanol, isodecanol and isotridecanol along with special alcohols of a complex alkyl–aryl nature, namely 2‐phenoxy‐ethanol, 2‐([o‐sec butyl] phenoxy) ethanol and 2‐([p‐nonyl] phenoxy) ethanol, respectively. By varying the length of the aliphatic alcohols and also by modifying the length and position of the alkyl pendant group on the aromatic ring of the complex alkyl–aryl alcohols, three series of products have been realised. On the basis of this programme, it has been possible to obtain fluid products that show valuable tribological features with adequate and versatile characteristics. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.
Cytomegalovirus activates transcription directed by the long terminal repeat of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (1990)

Proteins encoded by a variety of DNA viruses activate gene expression from the promoter within the long terminal repeat (LTR) of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). The mechanism by which immediate-early (IE) gene products of human cytomegalovirus (CMV) activate expression from the HIV-1 LTR was examined in transient expression assays in cultures of human cells by using plasmids containing the LTR linked to the bacterial chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) gene and a plasmid expressing the CMV IE gene. Analysis of clustered site mutations within the HIV-1 LTR revealed that sequences from nucleotides -6 to +20 (relative to the start site of transcription) are critical for responsiveness to transactivation by CMV IE gene products. This region partially overlaps the trans-acting response element (+19 to +42) required for function of the HIV-1 transactivator. The CMV IE gene was shown to increase the steady-state levels of both prematurely terminated and full-length transcripts initiated within the LTR. These results support a model in which CMV IE gene products act through a specific regulatory element in the HIV-1 LTR to increase viral transcription.
The prognosis of patients with recurrent or persistent ovarian clear cell carcinoma: Results from a randomized phase III study (JGOG3017/GCIG). (2019)

5515 Background: There are currently no concise data on prognosis in patients with recurrent or persistent clear cell carcinoma (CCC). The JGOG3017/GCIG was a randomized phase III trial to compare paclitaxel plus carboplatin (TC) to CPT-11 plus cisplatin (CPT-P) for stage I to IV CCC patients who have been diagnosed by central pathological review (CPR). A total of 619 patients were eligible for efficacy analyses. The aim of this study was to investigate prognosis of these patients with recurrent or persistent CCC. Methods: We estimated median and restricted mean survival time (RMST) of post-progression survival (PPS) of patients with recurrent or persistent CCC by platinum sensitivity, treatment arm, crossover chemotherapy, primary stage, residual tumor, performance status and ethnicity. PPS rates at 6, 12, 18 and 24-month were also calculated. Results: Among the 619 patients, the recurrence rate of stages was as follows: 6.3% (6/96) in stage IA/IB, 14.6% (46/315) in stage IC, and 54.8% (114/208) in stage II- Ⅳ. The recurrence rate of surgical situations was as follows: 19.4% (106/544) in complete surgery, 75% (27/36) in optimal, and 84.6% (33/39) in suboptimal. Overall, 166 of 619 patients had recurrent disease. The median PPS were 14.0 months (95% confidence interval [CI], 12.6 – 17.9) for all patients, 13.5 months (95% CI, 11.4 – 19.6) in the TC group (n=77) and 14.4 months (95% CI, 11.0 - 18.8) in the CPT-T group (n=89), with no significant difference between the two groups (hazard ratio, 1.02; 95% CI, 0.71 - 1.47, log-rank P = 0.898). The RMST of PPS for all patients was 14.6 months (95% CI, 13.3 - 15.8). Median PPS for patients with platinum-resistant (44.6%, n=74) and platinum-sensitive (53.0%, n=88) disease were 10.9 months (95% CI, 8.9 - 13.3) and 18.8 months (95% CI, 15.0 - 28.7) (HR, 1.88; 95% CI, 1.30-2.72, p&lt;0.001), respectively. Conclusions: The median PPS of patients with platinum-resistant recurrence was significantly shorter than that of patients with platinum-sensitive recurrence. Data on PPS in patients with recurrent CCC that will be the basis of a future clinical trial in such patients were obtained.
635. Effects of Mechanical Strain on Zmpste24-Deficient Prematurely Aged Muscle-Derived Stem Cells (2016)

Mice deficient in Zmpste24, a metalloproteinase involved with formation of lamin A, are a model for aging and for Hutchinson-Gilford Progeria Syndrome, a human disorder caused by a similar defect. Z24-/- muscle-derived stem cells (MDSCs) are defective in proliferation and differentiation potential. Stretching stem cells prior to implantation has been shown to improve outcomes. Based on these results, stretching may be able to rejuvenate aged stem cells. Therefore, examining the response of stretched and non-stretched Z24-/- MDSCs to stress can show if stretching rescues some of the negative processes involved with aging. Z24-/- MDSCs were seeded on BioFlex plates (Flexcell Inc) at a density of 50,000 cells per well. Cells were stretched for 24 hours with 10% uniaxial elongation and a 0.5Hz frequency. Z24-/- mice had increased cell senescence and muscle stem cell depletion in the skeletal muscle. Muscle stem cells isolated from Z24-/- mice have increased activation of ROS (reactive oxygen species). Cells mechanically strained for 24 hours appeared to be more resistant to oxidative stress and express higher levels of RhoA, which is a mediator of cell stress: more senescent cells were observed in the non-flexed vs. flexed groups under standard conditions and under oxidative stress. The flexed cells also had a better survival rate following oxidative stress for 24h. These results indicate that flexing compensates for some of the progeria phenotype. Flexing appears to prime the cells so they are more resistant to stressors like H2O2. The lower number of senescent flexed vs. non-flexed cells seems to indicate that the flexing protects the cells from entering senescence. Mechanical strain also appears to give the cells greater resistance to reactive oxidative species. PCR results of TNE-α showed that non-flexed cells expressed the pro-inflammatory cytokine 1.33-fold compared to flexed cells. This indicates that mechanical stimulation may improve the cells’ response to stressors and reduce inflammation. These preliminary results indicate that mechanical strain may rejuvenate and rescue the cells from defects in cell proliferation and differentiation. Based on these results, flexing cells in vitro may improve the quality and outcome of stem cells implanted into patients, especially in older donors whose cells may behave similar to the Z24-/- cells.
DNA damage bypass operates in the S and G2 phases of the cell cycle and exhibits differential mutagenicity (2011)

Translesion DNA synthesis (TLS) employs low-fidelity DNA polymerases to bypass replication-blocking lesions, and being associated with chromosomal replication was presumed to occur in the S phase of the cell cycle. Using immunostaining with anti-replication protein A antibodies, we show that in UV-irradiated mammalian cells, chromosomal single-stranded gaps formed in S phase during replication persist into the G2 phase of the cell cycle, where their repair is completed depending on DNA polymerase ζ and Rev1. Analysis of TLS using a high-resolution gapped-plasmid assay system in cell populations enriched by centrifugal elutriation for specific cell cycle phases showed that TLS operates both in S and G2. Moreover, the mutagenic specificity of TLS in G2 was different from S, and in some cases overall mutation frequency was higher. These results suggest that TLS repair of single-stranded gaps caused by DNA lesions can lag behind chromosomal replication, is separable from it, and occurs both in the S and G2 phases of the cell cycle. Such a mechanism may function to maintain efficient replication, which can progress despite the presence of DNA lesions, with TLS lagging behind and patching regions of discontinuity.
Homocysteine and folate concentrations in early pregnancy and the risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes: the Generation R Study (2012)

Higher homocysteine and lower folate concentrations in early pregnancy are associated with lower placental weight and birthweight, and higher risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes. These findings suggest that high homocysteine and low folate concentrations in early pregnancy may adversely influence placentation and subsequently affect the success of pregnancy and birth outcomes.
Autoxydation von Kohlenwasserstoffen und die Cumol‐Phenol‐Synthese (1957)

Abstract Es wird ein Überblick über das Verhalten der einzelnen Kohlenwasserstoff‐Typen bei der Autoxydation gegeben und dabei der jeweilige Mechanismus, auch bei der katalytischen Beschleunigung, erörtert. Weiterhin wird auf einige Reaktionen der jeweils resultierenden Peroxyde eingegangen, besonders auf die auch technisch wichtige Säurespaltung der Hydroperoxyde. Schließlich wird der derzeitige Stand der technischen Cumol‐Phenol‐Synthese erörtert; die verschiedenen Arbeitsweisen werden im einzelnen geschildert und ungefähre Produktionszahlen genannt.
Sites Important for PLCβ2 Activation by the G Protein βγ Subunit Map to the Sides of the β Propeller Structure (1998)

The betagamma subunits of the heterotrimeric GTP-binding proteins (G proteins) that couple heptahelical, plasma membrane-bound receptors to intracellular effector enzymes or ion channels directly regulate several types of effectors, including phospholipase Cbeta and adenylyl cyclase. The beta subunit is made up of two structurally different regions: an N-terminal alpha helix followed by a toroidal structure made up of 7 blades, each of which is a twisted beta sheet composed of four anti-parallel beta strands (Wall, M. A., Coleman, D. E., Lee, E., Iñiguez-Lluhi, J. A., Posner, B. A., Gilman, A. G., and Sprang, S. R. (1995) Cell 83, 1047-1058; Lambright, D. G., Sondek, J., Bohm, A., Skiba, N. P., Hamm, H. E., and Sigler, P. B. (1996) Nature 379, 311-319). We have previously shown that sites for activation of PLCbeta2, PLCbeta3, and adenylyl cyclase II overlap on the "top" surface of the propeller, where Galpha also binds (Li, Y., Sternweis, P. M., Charnecki, S., Smith, T. F., Gilman, A. G., Neer, E. J., and Kozasa, T. (1998) J. Biol. Chem. 273, 16265-16272). The present study was undertaken to identify the regions on the side of the torus that might be important for effector interactions. We made mutations in each of the outer beta strands of the G protein beta1 propeller, as well as mutations in the loops that connect the outer strands to the adjacent beta strands. Our results suggest that activation of PLCbeta2 involves residues in the outer strands of blades 2, 6, and 7 of the propeller. We tested three of the mutations that most severely affected PLCbeta2 activity against two forms of adenylyl cyclase (ACI and ACII). Both inhibition of ACI and activation of ACII were unaffected by these mutations, suggesting that if ACI and ACII contact the outer strands, the sites of contact are different from those for PLCbeta2. We propose that distinct sets of contacts along the sides of the propeller will define the specificity of the interaction of betagamma with effectors.
Demineralized Bone Matrix and Native Bone Morphogenetic Protein in Orthopaedic Surgery (2002)

The recognition that demineralized bone matrix could induce bone formation when placed in mammalian skeletal muscle led to preclinical studies of crude native insoluble bone morphogenetic protein and noncollagenous protein, followed by the clinical application of demineralized bone matrix, chemosterilized autolyzed antigen-extracted allogenic bone, and autolyzed antigen-extracted allogenic bone matrix gelatin. Cultural norms and regulatory agencies influence the availability of different demineralized bone matrix preparations in different parts of the world, but there is continued interest in the biologic structure of native insoluble bone morphogenetic protein and noncollagenous protein aggregates and the applied science of osteoinduction and osteoconduction in reconstructive orthopaedic surgery. Demineralized bone matrix is not widely available in Asia, but tissue processing facilities in the United States distribute demineralized bone matrix materials with different carriers, handling properties, and possibly osteoinductive potential. The purpose of the current study was to review the development and use of various preparations of demineralized bone matrix materials.
Neue Ansätze zur Früherkennung von Vorhofflimmern (2022)

ZUSAMMENFASSUNG Vorhofflimmern (VHF) ist mit dem Auftreten von ischämischen Schlaganfällen assoziiert. Orale Antikoagulation kann das Auftreten von Schlaganfällen verhindern. Das Screening auf ein bislang nicht entdecktes VHF erscheint daher ein vielversprechender Ansatz, um das Auftreten von Schlaganfällen zu verhindern. Neben zahlreichen anderen wissenschaftlichen Studien liegen seit August 2021 die Ergebnisse von 2 Studien mit klinischen Endpunkten vor, die STROKESTOP- und die LOOP-Studie. Weitere wissenschaftliche Untersuchungen zu dieser Fragestellung befinden sich in der Durchführung.
Fe/FeFlow Battery (2023)

This chapter describes the operating principles and key features of the all-iron flow battery (IFB). This energy storage approach uses low-cost iron metal (Fe) ions for both the positive and negative electrode reactions thereby requiring less stringent membrane properties. The chemistry of the positive and negative electrode reactions is discussed along with electrolyte factors affecting performance and membrane separators. Methods of rebalancing the electrolytes following proton loss via the negative electrode parasitic reaction on charge are described. A rudimentary comparison of the estimated costs of the IFB and the vanadium flow battery (FB) is summarized and a discussion of recent commercialization activities is given. A slurry electrode approach is described to overcome cell capacity limit caused by the iron plating reaction at the negative electrode. The IFB is a promising approach for low-cost large-scale energy storage.
Nrf2 Signaling and the Slowed Aging Phenotype: Evidence from Long-Lived Models (2015)

Studying long-lived animals provides novel insight into shared characteristics of aging and represents a unique model to elucidate approaches to prevent chronic disease. Oxidant stress underlies many chronic diseases and resistance to stress is a potential mechanism governing slowed aging. The transcription factor nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 is the "master regulator" of cellular antioxidant defenses. Nrf2 is upregulated by some longevity promoting interventions and may play a role in regulating species longevity. However, Nrf2 expression and activity in long-lived models have not been well described. Here, we review evidence for altered Nrf2 signaling in a variety of slowed aging models that accomplish lifespan extension via pharmacological, nutritional, evolutionary, genetic, and presumably epigenetic means.
Development of monoclonal antibodies against the abnormal prion protein isoform (PrPres) associated with chronic wasting disease (CWD) (2012)

Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) specific for the abnormal prion protein isoform (PrP(res)) are indispensable for diagnosing chronic wasting disease (CWD). In this study, eight mAbs were developed by immunizing PrP knockout mice with recombinant elk PrP and an immunogenic PrP peptide. The reactivity of the mAbs to recombinant PrP and the PrP peptide was measured, and their isotypes were subsequently determined. Among them, four mAbs (B85-05, B85-08, B85-12, and B77-75) were shown by Western blotting to recognize proteinase K-treated brain homogenate derived from an elk suffering from CWD.