gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
JCDL2022 workshop (2022)

The 3rd Workshop on Extraction and Evaluation of Knowledge Entities from Scientific Documents (EEKE 2022) was held online at the ACM/IEEE Joint Conference on Digital Libraries (JCDL) 2022. The goal of this workshop series (https://eekeworkshop.github.io/) is to engage the related communities in open problems in the extraction and evaluation of knowledge entities from scientific documents. Participants are encouraged to identify knowledge entities, explore feature of various entities, analyze the relationship between entities, and construct the extraction platform or knowledge base.
Molecular cloning and characterization of Arabidopsis thaliana Golgi α‐mannosidase II, a key enzyme in the formation of complex N‐glycans in plants (2006)

N-glycosylation is one of the major post-translational modifications of proteins in eukaryotes; however, the processing reactions of oligomannosidic N-glycan precursors leading to hybrid-type and finally complex-type N-glycans are not fully understood in plants. To investigate the role of Golgi alpha-mannosidase II (GMII) in the formation of complex N-glycans in plants, we identified a putative GMII from Arabidopsis thaliana (AtGMII; EC 3.2.1.114) and characterized the enzyme at a molecular level. The putative AtGMII cDNA was cloned, and its deduced amino acid sequence revealed a typical type II membrane protein of 1173 amino acids. A soluble recombinant form of the enzyme produced in insect cells was capable of processing different physiologically relevant hybrid N-glycans. Furthermore, a detailed N-glycan analysis of two AtGMII knockout mutants revealed the predominant presence of unprocessed hybrid N-glycans. These results provide evidence that AtGMII plays a central role in the formation of complex N-glycans in plants. Furthermore, conclusive evidence was obtained that alternative routes in the conversion of hybrid N-glycans to complex N-glycans exist in plants. Transient expression of N-terminal AtGMII fragments fused to a GFP reporter molecule demonstrated that the transmembrane domain and 10 amino acids from the cytoplasmic tail are sufficient to retain a reporter molecule in the Golgi apparatus and that lumenal sequences are not involved in the retention mechanism. A GFP fusion construct containing only the transmembrane domain was predominantly retained in the ER, a result that indicates the presence of a motif promoting ER export within the last 10 amino acids of the cytoplasmic tail of AtGMII.
Thermo-reversible Liquid-Crystal Gels: Towards a New Processing Route for Twisted Nematic Displays (2000)

Thermo-reversible gels of the liquid-crystal system LC-TL213 with 12-hydroxyoctadecanoic acid (HOA) were cast in a twisted nematic (TN) configuration that is switchable by AC electric fields. Critical in this process was to choose a processing temperature higher than the sol–gel temperature but lower than the nematic-isotropic transition of the system. The latter condition originates in the phase diagram of the system which displays a monotectic-type point at which a liquid is in equilibrium with a solid and a mesophase. The solid-like nature of the gels produced, combined with their electro-optical activity, opens the possibility to manufacture flexible TN cells via continuous processes as an alternative to the currently employed batch-type methods.
How Effective is Multiple-Vantage-Point Domain Control Validation? (2023)

Multiple-vantage-point domain control validation (multiVA) is an emerging defense for mitigating BGP hijacking attacks against certificate authorities. While the adoption of multiVA is on the rise, little work has quantified its effectiveness against BGP hijacks in the wild. We bridge the gap by presenting the first analysis framework that measures the security of a multiVA deployment under real-world network configurations (e.g., DNS and RPKI). Our framework accurately models the attack surface of multiVA by 1) considering the attacks on DNS nameservers involved in domain validation, 2) considering deployed practical security techniques such as RPKI, 3) performing fine-grained internet-scale analysis to compute multiVA resilience (i.e., how difficult it is to launch a BGP hijack against a domain and get a bogus certificate under multiVA). We use our framework to perform a rigorous security analysis of the multiVA deployment of Let's Encrypt, using a dataset that consists of about 1 million certificates and 31 billion DNS queries collected over four months. Our analysis shows while DNS does enlarge the attack surface of multiVA, the of Let's Encrypt's multiVA deployment still offers an 88% median resilience against BGP hijacks, a notable improvement over 76% offered by single-vantage-point validation. RPKI, even in its current state of partial deployment, effectively mitigates BGP attacks and improves the security of the deployment by 15% as compared to the case without considering RPKI. Exploring 11,000 different multiVA configurations, we find that Let's Encrypt's deployment can be further enhanced to achieve a resilience of over 99% by using a full quorum policy with only two additional vantage points in different public clouds.
c -axis oriented epitaxial BaTiO3 films on (001) Si (2006)

c -axis oriented epitaxial films of the ferroelectric BaTiO3 have been grown on (001) Si by reactive molecular-beam epitaxy. The orientation relationship between the film and substrate is (001) BaTiO3‖(001) Si and [100] BaTiO3‖[110] Si. The uniqueness of this integration is that the entire epitaxial BaTiO3 film on (001) Si is c-axis oriented, unlike any reported so far in the literature. The thermal expansion incompatibility between BaTiO3 and silicon is overcome by introducing a relaxed buffer layer of BaxSr1−xTiO3 between the BaTiO3 film and silicon substrate. The rocking curve widths of the BaTiO3 films are as narrow as 0.4°. X-ray diffraction and second harmonic generation experiments reveal the out-of-plane c-axis orientation of the epitaxial BaTiO3 film. Piezoresponse atomic force microscopy is used to write ferroelectric domains with a spatial resolution of ∼100nm, corroborating the orientation of the ferroelectric film.
Human Factors Engineering the TravTek Driver Interface (1991)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;The TravTek vehicle provides an information-rich multifunction environment for the driver, necessitating extensive teamwork in human factors engineering the displays and controls for efficient and safe operation. Example map and text screens are presented.&lt;/div&gt;
Progesterone Receptor B Recruits a Repressor Complex to a Half-PRE Site of the Estrogen Receptor α Gene Promoter (2009)

In the present study, we demonstrate that elevated levels of the progesterone receptor (PR)-B isoform in breast cancer cells induces down-regulation of estrogen receptor (ER) alpha mRNA and protein content, causing concomitant repression of the estrogen-regulated genes insulin receptor substrate 1, cyclin D1, and pS2, addressing a specific effect of PR/PR-B on ERalpha gene transcription. ERalpha gene promoter activity was drastically inhibited by PR-B overexpression. Promoter analysis revealed a transcriptionally responsive region containing a half-progesterone response element (PRE) site located at -1757 bp to -1752 bp. Mutation of the half-PRE down-regulated the effect induced by PR/PR-B overexpression. Moreover chromatin immunoprecipitation analyses revealed an increase of PR bound to the ERalpha-regulatory region encompassing the half-PRE site, and the recruitment of a corepressor complex containing nuclear receptor corepressor (NCoR) but not silencing mediator of retinoid and thyroid hormone receptor and DAX1, concomitantly with hypoacetylation of histone H4 and displacement of RNA polymerase II. Furthermore, NCoR ablation studies demonstrated the crucial involvement of NCoR in the down-regulatory effects due to PR-B overexpression on ERalpha protein and mRNA. We also demonstrated that the ERalpha regulation observed in MCF-7 cells depended on PR-B expression because PR-B knockdown partially abrogates the feedback inhibition of ERalpha levels after estrogenic stimulus. Our study provides evidence for a mechanism by which overexpressed PR-B is able to actively repress ERalpha gene expression.
Face detection using quantized skin color regions merging and wavelet packet analysis (1999)

Detecting and recognizing human faces automatically in digital images strongly enhance content-based video indexing systems. In this paper, a novel scheme for human faces detection in color images under nonconstrained scene conditions, such as the presence of a complex background and uncontrolled illumination, is presented. Color clustering and filtering using approximations of the YCbCr and HSV skin color subspaces are applied on the original image, providing quantized skin color regions. A merging stage is then iteratively performed on the set of homogeneous skin color regions in the color quantized image, in order to provide a set of potential face areas. Constraints related to shape and size of faces are applied, and face intensity texture is analyzed by performing a wavelet packet decomposition on each face area candidate in order to detect human faces. The wavelet coefficients of the band filtered images characterize the face texture and a set of simple statistical deviations is extracted in order to form compact and meaningful feature vectors. Then, an efficient and reliable probabilistic metric derived from the Bhattacharrya distance is used in order to classify the extracted feature vectors into face or nonface areas, using some prototype face area vectors, acquired in a previous training stage.
Insulin-like growth factor-binding proteins (IGFBP)-4, -5, and -6 in the benign and malignant human prostate: IGFBP-5 messenger ribonucleic acid localization differs from IGFBP-5 protein localization. (1996)

Insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-binding proteins (IGFBPs) modulate the actions of IGF. We have previously reported that IGFBP-2 messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) and protein are increased, and IGFBP-3 protein decreased in malignant prostate epithelium compared to benign epithelium. In this study, we examined the other IGFBPs secreted by prostate cells in vitro, namely IGFBP-4, -5, and 6. Immunoreactivity and mRNA signals for IGFBP-4 and -6 were localized to epithelial cells, with less signal in stroma. IGFBP-4 immunostaining and hybridization signal were significantly increased in prostate adenocarcinoma compared to those in benign epithelium. Immunostaining for IGFBP-5 was localized to the epithelium and stroma. IGFBP-5 immunoreactivity was significantly increased in malignant compared to benign epithelium. IGFBP-5 mRNA signal was not localized to epithelial cells; rather, the signal was over stromal cells surrounding the acinar structures. These cells are thought to be fibroblasts. We show that IGFBP-4 mRNA and protein and IGFBP-5 protein are increased in malignant epithelium compared to benign epithelium, that IGFBP-6 is present in benign and malignant epithelium, and that there is differential localization of IGFBP-5 mRNA and protein in prostate tissue. IGFBP-5 that is made by fibroblasts appears to be sequestered by epithelial cells. IGFBP-5 may, therefore, be a factor in cellular interactions between stromal and epithelial cells that are of fundamental importance for normal prostatic development and function.
Nanostructured Metal Oxide Thin Films for Humidity Sensors (2008)

Capacitive humidity sensors were fabricated using countersunk interdigitated electrodes coated with amorphous nanostructured TiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> , SiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> , and Al <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> thin films grown by glancing angle deposition. The capacitive response and response times for each sensor were measured. The sensor utilizing TiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> exhibited the largest change in capacitance, increasing exponentially from ~ 1 nF to ~ 1muF for an increase in relative humidity from 2% to 92%. Adsorption and desorption response times were measured using flow rates of 2.5 l/min and were between 90 ms and 300 ms for the sensors studied here. A simple model of the capacitive response of the devices has been developed and used to calculate the dielectric constant of the combined system of our films and adsorbed water. The obtained dielectric constants are found to be much higher than bulk or literature values for similar systems.
Dopamine receptor in anterior byssus retractor muscle of Mytilus edulis. (1981)

Effects of dopamine, N-methyl-, ethyl- and propyl-derivatives of dopamine, and alpha- and beta-adrenoceptor stimulants on catch contraction of anterior byssus retractor muscle of Mytilus edulis were tested. The test drugs except the beta-adrenoceptor stimulants relaxed catch contraction. Dopamine was most active and substitution of amino group in dopamine with ethyl and propyl decreased activity considerably. The concentration-curves of dopamine, its derivatives and norepinephrine shifted in parallel with application of haloperidol but were not influenced by the alpha- and beta-adrenoceptor antagonists. These results suggest that relaxation of catch contraction by catecholamines is mediated through a dopamine receptor. This muscle is considered to be suitable for a study of the dopamine receptor.
Scaling of Theory-of-Mind Tasks (2004)

Two studies address the sequence of understandings evident in preschoolers' developing theory of mind. The first, preliminary study provides a meta-analysis of research comparing different types of mental state understandings (e.g., desires vs. beliefs, ignorance vs. false belief). The second, primary study tests a theory-of-mind scale for preschoolers. In this study 75 children (aged 2 years, 11 months to 6 years, 6 months) were tested on 7 tasks tapping different aspects of understanding persons' mental states. Responses formed a consistent developmental progression, where for most children if they passed a later item they passed all earlier items as well, as confirmed by Guttman and Rasch measurement model analyses.
Essential CNS Drug Development (2012)

Central Nervous System disorders have an enormous impact on individuals and on society as a whole. The development of better treatments is crucial and is a major focus of pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies. This book explains the complicated process of CNS drug development in a way that is engaging for any interested professional or student. Chapters cover each stage of drug development, from pre-clinical research through all phases of clinical trials, to reporting to the regulatory authorities. Other key issues covered include strategic considerations, regulatory constraints, dissemination of results and ethical considerations. The user-friendly format and style enable readers to find important information quickly and easily. Written and edited by experts from different sectors actively engaged in CNS drug development, this is a unique resource for drug developers, investigators, academics and clinicians.
Automating the OSI to Internet Management Conversion Through the Use of an Object-Oriented Platform (1993)

OSI provides a powerful object-oriented management model that is infinitely scalable and extensible but is only now beginning to see widespread support. The Internet model has followed a less powerful but simpler approach which has led to an already large installed base of manageable equipment. In the future, even if OSI becomes ubiquitous, the two solutions will have to coexist as the level of investment on Internet management technology is already high. A natural path for this coexistence is to provide a conversion from the Internet to the OSI model and use proxy systems that will provide an OSI view of all existing Internetmanageable resources. This paper discusses how the generation of such proxy systems can be automated through a set of well defined conversion rules and suitable object-oriented infrastructure in the form of a generic management platform. The approach followed for the proxy system is mostly stateless, with optimised cacheing for scoping of transient objects and filtering. Complex issues are highlighted. 1.
Circulating metabolites in progression to islet autoimmunity and type 1 diabetes (2019)

Metabolic dysregulation may precede the onset of type 1 diabetes. However, these metabolic disturbances and their specific role in disease initiation remain poorly understood. In this study, we examined whether children who progress to type 1 diabetes have a circulatory polar metabolite profile distinct from that of children who later progress to islet autoimmunity but not type 1 diabetes and a matched control group. We analysed polar metabolites from 415 longitudinal plasma samples in a prospective cohort of children in three study groups: those who progressed to type 1 diabetes; those who seroconverted to one islet autoantibody but not to type 1 diabetes; and an antibody-negative control group. Metabolites were measured using two-dimensional GC high-speed time of flight MS. In early infancy, progression to type 1 diabetes was associated with downregulated amino acids, sugar derivatives and fatty acids, including catabolites of microbial origin, compared with the control group. Methionine remained persistently upregulated in those progressing to type 1 diabetes compared with the control group and those who seroconverted to one islet autoantibody. The appearance of islet autoantibodies was associated with decreased glutamic and aspartic acids. Our findings suggest that children who progress to type 1 diabetes have a unique metabolic profile, which is, however, altered with the appearance of islet autoantibodies. Our findings may assist with early prediction of the disease.
Ultrafast pulse design in anisotropic metamaterials through nonlinear optical control (Conference Presentation) (2018)

One of the central goals of the field of nonlinear optics is to bring the control of light to ultrafast time scales using structures that are easily integrated into nano-optic devices. The ability to design the polarization state of a signal light pulse, with a second control light pulse, at THz rates, will allow new techniques to be developed such as ultrafast polarimetry and quantum state manipulation. Here we all-optically control, with a femtosecond pulse, the anisotropy of a metamaterial to change the polarization state of signal light at a switching rate of 0.3THz, which is found to be closely linked to the electron temperature distribution within the structure and so can be tuned with the control light wavelength. We experimentally measure more than 60° rotation of the polarization orientation of the signal light. This effect is due to an induced phase shift of the extraordinary wave compared to the ordinary wave of the signal light. Polarization control is observed in both transmission and reflection and shown to be general to any anisotropic metamaterial. Considering only the signal light, its leading edge can alter the polarization state of the pulse allowing the pulse’s incident intensity to be encoded in its transmitted polarization state.
Balanced Wideband Phase Shifters With Good Filtering Property and Common-Mode Suppression (2019)

In this paper, a class of balanced wideband phase shifters with good filtering property and common-mode (CM) suppression is proposed, synthetically designed, and implemented. Unlike the conventional coupled-line reference branch one, the proposed balanced phase shifter has its T-shaped structure in both of main and reference branches, so as to achieve superior passband selectivity and CM rejection simultaneously. The synthesis method is then presented to design the proposed balanced wideband phase shifters with the prescribed phase shift value, passband ripple, maximum phase deviation, and fabricated bandwidth. The 30°, 45°, 60°, 75°, and 90° balanced phase shifters are theoretically designed and demonstrated. To validate the design method, two prototypes with different fractional bandwidths (FBWs) and phase shift values (Case 1: FBW = 66.7%, typical phase shift value is 30°; Case 2: FBW = 55.6%, typical phase shift value is 90°) are designed, fabricated, and measured. The synthesized, simulated, and measured results are found in good agreement with each other.
A 1.2-V 8.3-nJ CMOS Humidity Sensor for RFID Applications (2013)

This paper presents a fully integrated CMOS humidity sensor for a smart RFID sensor platform. The sensing element is a CMOS-compatible capacitive humidity sensor, which consists of top-metal finger-structure electrodes covered by a humidity-sensitive polyimide layer. Its humidity-sensitive capacitance is digitized by an energy-efficient capacitance-to-digital converter (CDC) based on a third-order delta-sigma modulator. This CDC employs current-efficient operational transconductance amplifiers based on current-starved cascoded inverters, whose limited output swing is accommodated by employing a feedforward loop-filter topology. A programmable offset capacitor is included to remove the sensor's baseline capacitance and thus reduce the required dynamic range. To reduce offset errors due to charge injection of the switches, the entire system is auto-zeroed. The proposed humidity sensor has been realized in a 0.16- μm CMOS technology. Measurement results show that the CDC performs a 12.5-bit capacitance-to-digital conversion in a measurement time of 0.8 ms, while consuming only 8.6 μA from a 1.2-V supply. This corresponds to a state-of-the-art figure-of-merit of 1.4 pJ/conversion-step. Combined with the co-integrated humidity sensing element, it provides a resolution of 0.05% RH in the range from 30% RH to 100% RH while consuming only 8.3 nJ per measurement, which is an order-of-magnitude less energy than the state-of-the-art.
Consumption (1987)

profoundly by rational expectations. First, rational expectations together with the hypothesis of constant expected real interest rates implies that consumption should evolve as a random walk. Much of the research of the past decade has been devoted to testing the random walk hypothesis and to explaining its failure. Three branches of the literature have developed. The first relies on the durability of consumption to explain deviations from the random walk property. The second invokes liquidity constraints which block consumers from the credit market transactions needed to make consumption follow a random walk when income fluctuates up and down. The third branch dispenses with the assumption that expected real interest rates are constant. It attempts to explain deviations from the random walk in terms of intertemporal substitution.