gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Insights into the use of biomarkers in calcific aortic valve disease. (2010)

Calcific aortic valve disease (CAVD) is the most common acquired valvular disorder in developed countries. CAVD ranges from mild thickening of the valve, known as aortic valve sclerosis (AVSc), to severe impairment of the valve motion, which is termed aortic valve stenosis (AVS). The prevalence of CAVD is nearing epidemic status: its preceding stage, in which there is aortic sclerosis without obstruction of the left ventricular outflow, is present in almost 30% of adults aged over 65 years. As there is no existing medical therapy to treat or slow the progression of CAVD, surgery for advanced disease represents the only available treatment. Aortic valve replacement is the second most frequently performed cardiac surgical procedure after coronary artery bypass grafting, and consequently CAVD represents a major societal and economic burden. The pathophysiological development of CAVD is incompletely defined. At the present time, the major methods for its diagnosis are clinical examination, echocardiography, and cardiac catheterization. Yet, due to the multiple biological pathways leading to CAVD, there are many potential biomarkers that might be suitable for deriving clinically useful information regarding the presence, severity, progression, and prognosis of CAVD. Although at the present time the available data do not permit recommendations for clinicians, they do support a paradigm of screening patients based on multiple biomarkers to provide the information necessary to optimize future therapeutic interventions. This review summarizes the results of several studies investigating the value of potential biomarkers that have been used to predict the severity, progression, and prognosis of CAVD.
Multi-electron redox active molecules for energy storage applications (2023)

A non-aqueous redox flow battery includes a catholyte including a compound of formula (I) or a compound of formula (II): ##STR00001## Where X<sup>1</sup> is a moiety of formula I-A or I-B: ##STR00002##
Fast and Flexible Successive-Cancellation List Decoders for Polar Codes (2017)

Polar codes have gained significant amount of attention during the past few years and have been selected as a coding scheme for the next generation of mobile broadband standard. Among decoding schemes, successive-cancellation list (SCL) decoding provides a reasonable tradeoff between the error-correction performance and hardware implementation complexity when used to decode polar codes, at the cost of limited throughput. The simplified SCL (SSCL) and its extension SSCL-SPC increase the speed of decoding by removing redundant calculations when encountering particular information and frozen bit patterns (rate one and single parity check codes), while keeping the error-correction performance unaltered. In this paper, we improve SSCL and SSCL-SPC by proving that the list size imposes a specific number of path splitting required to decode rate one and single parity check codes. Thus, the number of splitting can be limited while guaranteeing exactly the same error-correction performance as if the paths were forked at each bit estimation. We call the new decoding algorithms Fast-SSCL and Fast-SSCL-SPC. Moreover, we show that the number of path forks in a practical application can be tuned to achieve desirable speed, while keeping the error-correction performance almost unchanged. Hardware architectures implementing both algorithms are then described and implemented: It is shown that our design can achieve $\mathbf {1.86}$ Gb/s throughput, higher than the best state-of-the-art decoders.
Messenger RNA biomarker signatures for forensic body fluid identification revealed by targeted RNA sequencing (2018)

Abstract The recovery of a DNA profile from the perpetrator or victim in criminal investigations can provide valuable ‘source level’ information for investigators. However, a DNA profile does not reveal the circumstances by which biological material was transferred. Some contextual information can be obtained by a determination of the tissue or fluid source of origin of the biological material as it is potentially indicative of some behavioral activity on behalf of the individual that resulted in its transfer from the body. Here, we sought to improve upon established RNA based methods for body fluid identification by developing a targeted multiplexed next generation mRNA sequencing assay comprising a panel of approximately equal sized gene amplicons. The multiplexed biomarker panel includes several highly specific gene targets with the necessary specificity to definitively identify most forensically relevant biological fluids and tissues (blood, semen, saliva, vaginal secretions, menstrual blood and skin). In developing the biomarker panel we evaluated 66 gene targets, with a progressive iteration of testing target combinations that exhibited optimal sensitivity and specificity using a training set of forensically relevant body fluid samples. The current assay comprises 33 targets: 6 blood, 6 semen, 6 saliva, 4 vaginal secretions, 5 menstrual blood and 6 skin markers. We demonstrate the sensitivity and specificity of the assay and the ability to identify body fluids in single source and admixed stains. A 16 sample blind test was carried out by one lab with samples provided by the other participating lab. The blinded lab correctly identified the body fluids present in 15 of the samples with the major component identified in the 16 th . Various classification methods are being investigated to permit inference of the body fluid/tissue in dried physiological stains. These include the percentage of reads in a sample that are due to each of the 6 tissues/body fluids tested and inter-sample differential gene expression revealed by agglomerative hierarchical clustering.
Robust semi-definite relaxation MIMO detection in a non-gaussian channel (2013)

Semi-definite relaxation (SDR) is a popular technique for Multi-Input Multi-Output (MIMO) detection. For Binary Phase-Shift Keying (BPSK) and Quadratic Phase-Shift Keying (QPSK), it has been found that SDR can provide a near-optimal Bit Error rate (BER) performance in a Gaussian channel. However if the noise in the channel deviates from the Gaussian model, as it does in many real wireless channels, BER performance drops considerably. In this paper we show that SDR can be applied for detection in a non-Gaussian channel using Huber's M-estimation method for robust regression.
Median frequency and coherence measures of atrial and ventricular fibrillation (1988)

Fibrillatory rhythms are poorly characterized by traditional time-domain measures, such as rate. The authors describe two measures not commonly applied in intracardiac signal processing; the median frequency (MF) in the 2 to 9 Hz region of the power spectrum, and the magnitude-squared coherence (MSC) function. These two measures are formally defined. The MF is a robust measure of drug-induced changes in atrial fibrillation, and the MSC is a measure of the degree of organization of atrial and ventricular cardiac rhythms.< <ETX>&gt;</ETX>
Investigating the Transition Region in Scanned Probe Images of the\n Cyclotron Orbit in Graphene (2016)

A cooled scanning probe microscope (SPM) has been used to image cyclotron\norbits of electrons through high-mobility graphene in a magnetic field.1-5 In a\nhBN-graphene-hBN device patterned into a hall bar geometry, the magnetic field\nfocuses a current Ii injected from one narrow contact into another narrow\ncontact located an integer number of cyclotron diameters away, creating a\nvoltage Vc. The degree of focusing is measured by the transresistance Rm =\nVc/Ii. In SPM, the tip can either enhance or decrease conductance in the sample\nby deflecting electrons into or away from the second contact, respectively.3,4\nOur SPM images of magnetic focusing feature a region in which the tip\ntransitions from enhancing to decreasing the conductance in the sample where\nthe change in transresistance caused by the tip is equal to zero. In this\npaper, we investigate how the location of this region in the graphene sample\nchanges as we modulate the electron density n and magnetic field B. By plotting\nline-cuts of the change in trans-resistance for different electron densities\nand magnetic fields, we identify trends in the inflection point where the tip\nchanges from enhancing to decreasing the conductance in the sample. From the\nlocation of each transition region, we show that the cyclotron diameter of the\nelectron trajectories can be obtained, and explain the trends in inflection\npoint location for different electron densities and magnetic fields.\n
Potential distribution of the viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus in the Great Lakes region (2016)

Viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus (VHSV) genotype IVb has been responsible for large-scale fish mortality events in the Great Lakes of North America. Anticipating the areas of potential VHSV occurrence is key to designing epidemiological surveillance and disease prevention strategies in the Great Lakes basin. We explored the environmental features that could shape the distribution of VHSV, based on remote sensing and climate data via ecological niche modelling. Variables included temperature measured during the day and night, precipitation, vegetation, bathymetry, solar radiation and topographic wetness. VHSV occurrences were obtained from available reports of virus confirmation in laboratory facilities. We fit a Maxent model using VHSV-IVb reports and environmental variables under different parameterizations to identify the best model to determine potential VHSV occurrence based on environmental suitability. VHSV reports were generated from both passive and active surveillance. VHSV occurrences were most abundant near shore sites. We were, however, able to capture the environmental signature of VHSV based on the environmental variables employed in our model, allowing us to identify patterns of VHSV potential occurrence. Our findings suggest that VHSV is not at an ecological equilibrium and more areas could be affected, including areas not in close geographic proximity to past VHSV reports.
On measuring and removing inconsistencies (2011)

In the preceding chapters, we have seen how to encode trees in terms of splits, metrics, and quartets, and we have studied the relationship between these various types of encodings. Most of our discussions were concerned with what we might call “ideal data”, that is, data that correspond perfectly to a tree. However, as one might imagine, real biological data rarely come in this form. In consequence, many methods have been devised for tree and network reconstruction that try to find a tree or network that “best” fits the data, usually relative to some measure of optimality (see e.g., [76]).
Standardized cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging (CMR) protocols, society for cardiovascular magnetic resonance: board of trustees task force on standardized protocols (2008)

1. General techniques 1.1. Stress and safety equipment 1.2. Left ventricular (LV) structure and function module 1.3. Right ventricular (RV) structure and function module 1.4. Gadolinium dosing module. 1.5. First pass perfusion 1.6. Late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) 2. Disease specific protocols 2.1. Ischemic heart disease 2.1.1. Acute myocardial infarction (MI) 2.1.2. Chronic ischemic heart disease and viability 2.1.3. Dobutamine stress 2.1.4. Adenosine stress perfusion 2.2. Angiography: 2.2.1. Peripheral magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) 2.2.2. Thoracic MRA 2.2.3. Anomalous coronary arteries 2.2.4. Pulmonary vein evaluation 2.3. Other 2.3.1. Non-ischemic cardiomyopathy 2.3.2. Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC) 2.3.3. Congenital heart disease 2.3.4. Valvular heart disease 2.3.5. Pericardial disease 2.3.6. Masses
“醉”美舌尖 致命诱惑 (2011)

“人生得意须尽欢，莫使金樽空对月”。李白用醉意抒写了千古名篇《将进酒》，自仪狄杜康造出酒来，它已成为品鉴生活的一种方式。文人或者墨客，倾向择一风雅精辟所在，酒一壶，忆流殇曲水。侠客或者义士，乐于满杯相敬，酒无上限，啸呤生活百种滋味。每一款酒，在不同场所会散发不同的魅惑，醉美于舌尖时，所有感受都能致命。
Sensory Quality and Lipid Oxidation of Maize Porridge as Affected by Iron Amino Acid Chelates and EDTA (1999)

ABSTRACT Iron fortification could reduce the high prevalence of iron deficiency in countries where diets are cereal‐based. The sensory quality and storage stability of iron‐fortified maize were evaluated by descriptive analysis and hexanal production. Porridge was prepared from maize either unfortified or fortified with 30 or 60 mg iron/kg as ferrous sulfate, bisglycinate, trisglycinate, or NaFeEDTA, then stored at 30,40 or 50°C for 20 days. Fifteen judges, trained in descriptive analysis rated the intensity of 20 sensory attributes of 28 samples. Hexanal production was measured by static headspace gas chromatography. Bisglycinate produced the most rancidity. Iron fortification with bisglycinate lowered the sensory quality and storage stability of maize.
Spezielle Probleme bei der Chips‐Herstellung (1975)

Abstract Special Problems of Chips Manufacturing. This investigation deals with the problems manufacturing potato chips referring to the quality. A manufacturer of chips has realized some experiments in order to enlarge the spectrum of potato varieties, which are suitable for producing chips of good quality. Beside the results of these experiments some other problems have been solved, for example the degree of damage. Two of the most important characteristics of chips quality are the colour and the oil content. It is reported about tests showing that within the single classes of specific gravity the dry matter content, and depending on this dry matter content, the reducing sugar content is spreading very much within one potato variety. The data from these experiments show a correlation between dry matter content and chips colour within one variety. The increasing of dry matter content implies brightening up of the chips colour. Furthermore it is reported about the important correlation between dry matter content and relation of starch to nonstarch material and the quality characteristics like oil content and yield of chips. The influence of the manufacturing process on the quality characteristics has been examined.
Effect of Surface Composition of Development Roll on Toner Charge in Mono-component Electrophotographic System (2008)

The effect of surface composition of a development roll (mixture of the acrylic resin and the polyurethane) on the toner charge was investigated. The specific toner charge increased with the content of acrylic resin. The mass of toner layer coated on the development roll also increased with the content of acrylic resin because of the increased adhesion force between the toner and the development roll. The current was passed at the blade, the development roll and the supplying roll during the charging. The direction of current at the blade suggested that the blade worked for the charging to toner particles. On the other hand, the development roll worked for the discharging when the content of acrylic resin was less than 40%, while it worked for charging at the content higher than 40%. The charge distribution of toner particles was wider with increasing the acrylic resin because of the charging effect at the development roll.
Alkane smiles on zirconium rise (2011)

Zirconium prices have forced a change of thinking in the Alkane Resources Ltd camp. Alkane managing director Ian Chalmers said the zirconium market had evolved to the point where the company was steering towards 1 mtpa throughput at its Dubbo zirconia project.
Association of Body Mass Index with Mortality in Peritoneal Dialysis Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (2015)

Over the short-term, being underweight was associated with higher mortality and being overweight or obese was associated with lower mortality. The associations of body mass with mortality were not significant over the long-term.
Reduced CETP glycosylation and activity in patients with homozygous B4GALT1 mutations (2019)

The importance of protein glycosylation in regulating lipid metabolism is becoming increasingly apparent. We set out to further investigate this by studying the effects of defective glycosylation on plasma lipids in patients with B4GALT1-CDG, caused by a mutation in B4GALT1 with defective N-linked glycosylation. We studied plasma lipids, cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) glyco-isoforms with isoelectric focusing followed by a western blot and CETP activity in three known B4GALT1-CDG patients and compared them with 11 age- and gender-matched, healthy controls. B4GALT1-CDG patients have significantly lowered non-high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c) and total cholesterol to HDL-c ratio compared with controls and larger HDL particles. Plasma CETP was hypoglycosylated and less active in B4GALT1-CDG patients compared to matched controls. Our study provides insight into the role of protein glycosylation in human lipoprotein homeostasis. The hypogalactosylated, hypo-active CETP found in patients with B4GALT1-CDG indicates a role of protein galactosylation in regulating plasma HDL and LDL. Patients with B4GALT1-CDG have large HDL particles probably due to hypogalactosylated, hypo-active CETP.
Field Trials of Vibration Detection, Localization and Classification over Deployed Telecom Fiber Cables (2022)

We review sensing fusion results of integrating fiber sensing with video for machine-learning-based localization and classification of impulsive acoustic event detection. Classification accuracy &gt;97% was achieved on aerial coils, and &gt;99% using fiber-based signal enhancers.
Engine Knock Prediction and Evaluation Based on Detonation Theory Using a Quasi-Dimensional Stochastic Reactor Model (2017)

&lt;div class="section abstract"&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Engine knock is an important phenomenon that needs consideration in the development of gasoline fueled engines. In our days, this development is supported by the use of numerical simulation tools to further understand and subsequently predict in-cylinder processes. In this work, a model tool chain based on detailed chemical and physical models is proposed to predict the auto-ignition behavior of fuels with different octane ratings and to evaluate the transition from harmless auto-ignitive deflagration to knocking combustion. In our method, the auto-ignition and emissions are calculated based on a new reaction scheme for mixtures of &lt;i&gt;iso&lt;/i&gt;-octane, &lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt;-heptane, toluene and ethanol (Ethanol consisting Toluene Reference Fuel, ETRF). The reaction scheme is validated for a wide range of mixtures and every desired mixture of the four fuel components can be applied in the engine simulation. The engine simulations are carried out with a quasi-dimensional stochastic reactor model that allows studying cycle-to-cycle variations. A novel post-processing strategy based on the detonation theory by Bradley et al. (2012) is developed to evaluate the character and the severity of the auto-ignition event for stochastic engine models. This theory has been successfully applied to three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics simulations before by other groups (Bates et al. 2016, Robert et al. 2015). For the discussed approach, the theory is in this paper transferred to a quasi-dimensional stochastic internal combustion engine model. We suggest to use the variance of the auto-ignition severity to characterize the harmfulness of knocking operating conditions. By using the suggested tool chain, the knock limit can be predicted close to experimental findings. Fuel properties such as octane ratings can be studied. The transition from harmless deflagration to knocking combustion can be pictured, further investigated and the severity of the auto-ignition event evaluated.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Enhancing the generalizability of predictive models with synergy of data and physics (2021)

Abstract Wind farms require predictive models for predictive maintenance. There is a need to predict values of non-observable parameters beyond ranges reflected in available data. A predictive model developed for one machine many not perform well for another similar machine. This is usually due to a lack of generalizability of data-driven models. To increase the generalizability of predictive models, this research integrates data mining with first-principle knowledge. Physics-based principles are combined with machine learning algorithms through feature engineering, strong rules and divide-and-conquer. The proposed synergy concept is illustrated with a wind turbine blade icing prediction and achieves significant predictive accuracy across different turbines. The proposed process should be widely accepted by wind energy predictive maintenance practitioners because of its simplicity and efficiency. Furthermore, the testing scores of KNN, CART and DNN algorithms are increased by 44.78%, 32.72% and 9.13%, respectively, with our proposed process. We demonstrate the importance of embedding physical principles within the machine learning process, and also highlight an important point that the need for more complex machine learning algorithms in industrial big data mining is often much less than it is in other applications, making it essential to incorporate physics and follow the ‘less is more’ philosophy.
Distinct functions of cardiac β-adrenergic receptors in the T-tubule vs. outer surface membrane (2021)

Abstract β-adrenoceptors (β-ARs) regulate cardiac function during sympathetic nerve stimulation. β-ARs are present in both cardiac T-tubule (TTM) and outer surface membrane (OSM), but how their location impacts on their function is unknown. Here, we developed a technology based on size exclusion to explore the function of β-ARs located in the OSM. We synthetized a PEG-Iso molecule by covalent linking isoprenaline (Iso) to a 5000 Da PolyEthylene-Glycol (PEG) chain to increase the size of the β-AR agonist and prevent it from accessing the TT network. The affinity of PEG-Iso and Iso on β 1 - and β 2 -ARs was measured using radioligand binding. Molecular dynamics simulation was used to assess PEG-Iso conformation and visualise the accessibility of the Iso moiety to water. Using confocal microscopy, we show that PEGylation constrains molecules outside the T-tubule network due to the presence of the extracellular matrix. β-AR activation in OSM with PEG-Iso produced a lower stimulation of [cAMP] i than Iso but a larger stimulation of cytosolic PKA at equivalent levels of [cAMP] I and similar effects on excitation-contraction coupling parameters. However, PEG-Iso produced a much lower stimulation of nuclear PKA than Iso. Thus, OSM β-ARs control mainly cytosolic cAMP/PKA pathway and contractility, while TTM β-ARs control mainly nuclear PKA and nuclear protein phosphorylation. Size exclusion strategy using ligand PEGylation provides a unique approach to evaluate the respective contribution of T-tubule vs. outer surface membrane proteins in cardiac cells. Significance Statement β-adrenoceptors (β-ARs) regulate cardiac function during sympathetic nerve stimulation. They are present in both cardiac T-tubule and outer surface membranes, but how their location impacts on their function is unknown. By linking the β-AR agonist isoprenaline (Iso) to a PolyEthylene-Glycol (PEG) chain, we increased the size of the agonist to prevent it from entering the T-tubules. Thus, PEG-Iso is only able to activate β-ARs in the outer surface membrane. With this size exclusion strategy, we show that β-ARs located in the outer surface membrane control mainly cytosolic cAMP/PKA pathway and contractility, while those located in the T-tubule membrane control mainly nuclear PKA and nuclear protein phosphorylation.
The effects of source impedance on the linearity of BTJ common-emitter amplifiers (2002)

Source impedance Zs plays an important role by minimizing the distortion of a common-emitter BJT-stage. Care has to be taken to achieve the proper impedance not only at the fundamental, but also at the frequencies of the 2nd-order signal. Volterra analysis is applied in order to gain an insight into distortion mechanisms. By providing the optimum Zs at different frequencies, significant improvement in linearity can be achieved.