gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Accelerated apoptosis in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from human immunodeficiency virus type-1 infected patients and in CD4 cross-linked PBMCs from normal individuals (1993)

This study investigates apoptosis as a mechanism for CD4+ T-cell depletion in human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1) infection. Although several recent studies have shown that T cells of HIV-infected individuals show enhanced susceptibility to cell death by apoptosis, the mechanisms responsible for apoptosis are largely unknown. By using a flow cytometric technique and by morphology, we have quantitated the percentage of cells undergoing apoptosis in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from HIV-seronegative donors and from HIV-infected asymptomatic patients. The PBMCs were cultured without any stimulus or with staphylococcus enterotoxin B, anti-T-cell receptor (TCR) alpha beta monoclonal antibody WT-31, or phytohemagglutinin for periods up to 6 days. In addition, we sought to determine whether cross-linking of CD4 followed by various modes of TCR stimulation in vitro could induce apoptosis in normal PBMCs. Here we show that (1) patient PMBCs undergo marked spontaneous apoptosis; (2) stimulation of T cells of patients as well as normal donors results in increased apoptosis; and (3) cross-linking of CD4 molecules is sufficient to induce apoptosis in CD4+ T cells if cross-linking is performed in unfractioned PBMCs, but not if CD4 molecules are cross-linked in purified T-cell preparations. These observations strongly suggest that accelerated cell death through apoptosis plays an important role in the pathogenesis of HIV-1 infection. At the same time, our observations implicate cross-linking of CD4 in vivo as a major contributor to this mechanism of accelerated cell death in HIV infection.
Systematic Transfer of Prokaryotic Sensors and Circuits to Mammalian Cells (2014)

Prokaryotic regulatory proteins respond to diverse signals and represent a rich resource for building synthetic sensors and circuits. The TetR family contains >10[superscript 5] members that use a simple mechanism to respond to stimuli and bind distinct DNA operators. We present a platform that enables the transfer of these regulators to mammalian cells, which is demonstrated using human embryonic kidney (HEK293) and Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells. The repressors are modified to include nuclear localization signals (NLS) and responsive promoters are built by incorporating multiple operators. Activators are also constructed by modifying the protein to include a VP16 domain. Together, this approach yields 15 new regulators that demonstrate 19- to 551-fold induction and retain both the low levels of crosstalk in DNA binding specificity observed between the parent regulators in Escherichia coli, as well as their dynamic range of activity. By taking advantage of the DAPG small molecule sensing mediated by the PhlF repressor, we introduce a new inducible system with 50-fold induction and a threshold of 0.9 μM DAPG, which is comparable to the classic Dox-induced TetR system. A set of NOT gates is constructed from the new repressors and their response function quantified. Finally, the Dox- and DAPG- inducible systems and two new activators are used to build a synthetic enhancer (fuzzy AND gate), requiring the coordination of 5 transcription factors organized into two layers. This work introduces a generic approach for the development of mammalian genetic sensors and circuits to populate a toolbox that can be applied to diverse applications from biomanufacturing to living therapeutics.
Thick, Adherent Diamond Films on AlN with Low Thermal Barrier Resistance (2019)

The growth of >100-μm-thick diamond layers adherent on aluminum nitride with low thermal boundary resistance between diamond and AlN is presented in this work. The thermal barrier resistance was found to be in the range of 16 m<sup>2</sup>·K/GW, which is a large improvement on the current state-of-the-art. While thick films failed to adhere on untreated AlN films, AlN films treated with hydrogen/nitrogen plasma retained the thick diamond layers. Clear differences in ζ-potential measurement confirm surface modification due to hydrogen/nitrogen plasma treatment. An increase in non-diamond carbon in the initial layers of diamond grown on pretreated AlN is seen by Raman spectroscopy. The presence of non-diamond carbon has minimal effect on the thermal barrier resistance. The surfaces studied with X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy revealed a clear distinction between pretreated and untreated samples. The surface aluminum goes from a nitrogen-rich environment to an oxygen-rich environment after pretreatment. A clean interface between diamond and AlN is seen by cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy.
Differences in the Intestinal Microbiome Associated with Diarrhea during Lenvatinib Treatment for Hepatocellular Carcinoma (2022)

Differences in the intestinal microbiomes and their functions may influence the incidence of diarrhea during lenvatinib treatment.
The IRIDIUM main mission antenna concept (1999)

The design of a novel phase array panel that provides the L-band satellite to ground links for the IRIDIUM global communications system is presented. Key components and aspects of this phase array antenna are discussed including the beamforming architecture, radiated intermodulation products, the patch radiators, and the T/R module. The strategy for minimizing DC power consumption over a large range of multicarrier RF output power is described. Finally, test results showing compliant array operation are summarized.
AIDE: An Active Learning-Based Approach for Interactive Data Exploration (2016)

In this paper, we argue that database systems be augmented with an automated data exploration service that methodically steers users through the data in a meaningful way. Such an automated system is crucial for deriving insights from complex datasets found in many big data applications such as scientific and healthcare applications as well as for reducing the human effort of data exploration. Towards this end, we present AIDE, an Automatic Interactive Data Exploration framework that assists users in discovering new interesting data patterns and eliminate expensive ad-hoc exploratory queries. AIDE relies on a seamless integration of classification algorithms and data management optimization techniques that collectively strive to accurately learn the user interests based on his relevance feedback on strategically collected samples. We present a number of exploration techniques as well as optimizations that minimize the number of samples presented to the user while offering interactive performance. AIDE can deliver highly accurate query predictions for very common conjunctive queries with small user effort while, given a reasonable number of samples, it can predict with high accuracy complex disjunctive queries. It provides interactive performance as it limits the user wait time per iteration of exploration to less than a few seconds.
The Chromophyte Algae: Problems and Perspectives (1990)

T. Christensen: The Chromophyta, past and present S.W. Jeffrey: Chlorophyll c pigments and their distribution in the chromophyte algae T. Bjornland and S. Liaaen-Jensen: Distribution patterns of carotenoids in relation to chromophyte phylogeny and systematics J.A. Raven, A.M. Johnston, and M. bin Surif: The photosynthetic apparatus as a phyletic character R.A. Cattolico: Analysis of chloroplast evolution and phylogeny K.V. Kowallik: Molecular aspects and phylogenetic implications of plastid genomes of certain chromophytes J.M. Whatley: Chromophyte chloroplasts - a polyphylectic origin? B.S.C. Leadbeater: The phylogenetic significance of flagellar hairs in the Chromophyta H.R. Preisig: The flagellar base ultrastructure and phylogency of chromophytes J.C. Green: Relationships between the chromophyte algae: the evidence from studies of mitosis J.D. Dodge: Phylogenetic relationships of dinoflagellates and their plastids M.N. Clayton: Brown algae and chromophyte phylogeny C.J. O'Kelly: The evolutionary origin of the brown algae: information from studies of motile cell structure P. Heywood: Some affinities of the Raphidophyceae with other chromophyte algae R.M. Crawford and F.E. Round: Corethron and Mallomonas - some striking morphological similarities C.G. Mann and H.J. Marchant: The origins of the diatom and its life cycle G.W. Beakes: Oomycete fungi: their phylogeny and relationship to chromophyte algae D.J.S. Barr and N.L. Desaulniers: The flagellar apparatus of the Oomycetes and Hyphochytriomycetes D.J. Patterson: Stramenopiles: chromophytes from a protistan perspective T. Cavalier-Smith: The Kingdom Chromista F.E. Round: The chromophyte algae - problems and perspectives. A summarizing view. Index.
Volvulus of the colon in four dogs (2005)

Four dogs were examined because of vomiting of 7 to 48 hours' duration. Gas-distended segments of intestine were identified radiographically in all dogs, but the affected portion of the intestinal tract could not always be identified as the colon. Volvulus of the colon was diagnosed during surgery in all 4 dogs. Gastrocolopexy was performed following derotation of the colon in 3 of the dogs. In 1 dog, a colectomy and an ileorectal anastomosis were performed. All 4 dogs survived. Volvulus of the colon should be considered as a cause of vomiting of short duration in dogs for which there is radiographic evidence of intestinal dilatation.
Crystal Structure of 1,4-Bis(triiodogallium(III))-1,4-bis(2,4,6-tri-tert-butylphenyl)-1,4-diphosphabuta-1,3-diene (2008)

The crystal-structure properties of [(I3Ga)2{P(C6H2But3-2,4,6)CH}2]·(C7H8) are: monoclinic, space group C2/c with a = 17.506(4)Å, b = 14.799(3)Å, c = 22.861(5)Å, β = 104.85(3)°, V = 5725(2)Å3, Z = 4, R1 = 0.0735, wR2 = 0.1781 for 3869 reflections (I > 2σ(I)). The title compound represents the first structurally characterized complex of a 1,4-diphosphabutadiene with a main-group metal fragment.
Surgical Intervention and Accommodative Responses, II: Forward Ciliary Body Accommodative Movement Is Facilitated by Zonular Attachments to the Lens Capsule (2008)

The posterior lens capsule and anterior zonular attachments facilitate forward accommodative ciliary body movement. Lens substance extraction procedures that leave the posterior capsule intact, similar to those used clinically, do not affect the capsule/zonular/muscular system movements, an important finding for accommodating intraocular lens development.
Breaking the Computation and Communication Abstraction Barrier in Distributed Machine Learning Workloads (2021)

Recent trend towards increasing large machine learning models require both training and inference tasks to be distributed. Considering the huge cost of training these models, it is imperative to unlock optimizations in computation and communication to obtain best performance. However, current logical separation between computation and communication kernels in deep learning frameworks misses the optimization opportunities across such barrier. Breaking this abstraction with a holistic consideration can provide many optimizations to provide performance improvements in distributed workloads. Manually applying these optimizations needs modifications in underlying computation and communication libraries for each scenario, which is time consuming and error-prone. Therefore, we present CoCoNeT, with a DSL to express a program with both computation and communication. CoCoNeT contains several machine learning aware transformations to optimize a program and a compiler to generate high performance kernels. Providing both computation and communication as first class constructs allows users to work on a high-level abstraction and apply powerful optimizations, such as fusion or overlapping of communication and computation. CoCoNeT enables us to optimize data-, model-and pipeline-parallel workloads in large language models with only a few lines of code. Experiments show CoCoNeT significantly outperforms state-of-the-art distributed machine learning implementations.
Technical memorandum. WRD 200 90° waveguide differential phase-shift section (1987)

A 90° phase bit is a classic element in circuit theory. The paper describes the experimental development of a 90° differential phase-shift section in WRD 200 ridge waveguide with a phase deviation of ±3° over the full 2?4 GHz band and an insertion loss of 0.5 dB ± 0.1 dB.
Fabrication and characterization of Si3N4 ceramics without additives by high pressure hot pressing (1984)

High pressure hot-pressing of Si3N4 without additives was performed using various kinds of Si3N4 powder as starting materials, and the relation between densification and alpha-beta phase transformation was studied. The temperature dependences of Vickers microhardness and fracture toughness were also examined. Densification of Si3N4 was divided into three stages, and it was found that densification and phase transformation of Si3N4 under pressure were closely associated. The results of the temperature dependence of Vickers microhardness indicated that the high-temperature hardness was strongly influenced not only by the density and microstructure of sintered body but also by the purity of starting powder. The fracture toughness values of Si3N4 bodies without additives were 3.29-4.39 MN/m to the 3/2 power and independent of temperature up to 1400 C.
Detection of exclusive OR global predicates (2002)

Detecting global predicates in a distributed program is a useful tool for debugging and testing the program. Past research has considered several restricted forms of predicates, including conjunctive predicates and linked predicates, and their detection algorithms. The authors introduce an exclusive OR global predicates to describe exclusive usages of shared resources in distributed programs. An exclusive OR global predicate holds for a given run only when one or zero local predicate is true at every consistent global state during the run. One exclusive OR global predicate is enough to describe the mutual exclusion condition of n processes, while it takes O(n/sup 2/) conjunctive predicates. Moreover, the exclusive OR condition is easily detectable by sequentializing all true events in a given run. A centralized algorithm of detecting exclusive OR global predicates is presented.
Glycosidase and Proteinase Activity of Anaerobic Gram-Negative Bacteria Isolated From Women With Bacterial Vaginosis (2003)

These data support the hypothesis that BV organisms degrade the protective mucus gel.
Inhibition of HIV infection by a novel CD4 domain 2-specific monoclonal antibody. Dissecting the basis for its inhibitory effect on HIV-induced cell fusion (1992)

HIV use the CD4 molecule as their primary cellular receptor. Residues in the N-terminal domain (D1) of CD4 are crucial to HIV attachment through the gp120 envelope component. However, other regions of CD4 appear to be required subsequently for virus- and cell-cell fusion. Little is understood of the post-binding steps which may differ between HIV variants. We report a novel anti-CD4 mAb that does not block CD4/gp120 binding, but that does efficiently block both viral infection and cell-cell syncytia formation, and define its contact site as residues in CD4 D2 using both mouse/human CD4 chimeras and CD4 substitution mutants. We also investigated the basis for its antiviral effect. Using the CD4 D2 specific mAb, we identify another conserved step in HIV infection, as evidenced by its ability to neutralize a broad range of primary isolates and T cell-line passaged strains. Monovalent forms of the mAb were used to determine if its activity was due to masking of the D2 epitope, to steric inhibition, or bivalency. Our data indicate that both binding site and bivalency of the mAb underlie its potency. The need for bivalency is not simply explained by affinity, because monovalent forms can displace the intact mAb and reverse its protective effect. These results provide evidence that binding of the D2-specific mAb prevents structural alterations necessary for membrane fusion.
T-Cell Receptor Stimulation Enhances the Expansion and Function of CD19 Chimeric Antigen Receptor–Expressing T Cells (2019)

Dual T-cell receptor and CAR stimulation can thus potentiate effector cell expansion and CAR-target cell killing, even when infusing low numbers of effector cells without cytoreduction.
Management of early-stage triple-negative breast cancer: recommendations of a panel of experts from the Brazilian Society of Mastology (2022)

Expert consensus was achieved for > 70% of the questions, with moderate agreement between panelists and affiliates. Educational interventions on systemic breast cancer treatment affected decision-making in 60% of the questions.
The treatment of non-digitalized congestive heart failure patients with a fixed-dose combination of furosemide and spironolactone. (1986)

Seventeen non-digitalized congestive heart failure patients were treated with only the fixed-dose combinations of 20 mg furosemide and 50 mg spironolactone or 20 mg furosemide and 100 mg spironolactone, in a daily dose of 1 or 2 capsules, over a 4-week period. The selected patients had a severity rating ranging between Grades III and IV. Ten of these patients had a severe grade of dyspnoea. Assessments were made on the basis of the reduction in cardiac failure score, extent of reduction in oedema, and relief of dyspnoea. Safety variables measured included laboratory, echocardiographic and side-effect monitoring. By the end of the 4-week study period, significant reduction (46% to 51%) in cardiac score and complete relief of dyspnoea with no adverse effects on safety variables were recorded. These results indicate that it is possible to treat patients with congestive heart failure safely with the fixed-dose combination product without the concurrent use of digitalis.
Hemodynamic effects of positive end-expiratory pressure during high-frequency ventilation (1985)

We studied the intrapleural and hemodynamic effects of positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) during high-frequency ventilation (HFV) with a Venturi high-frequency ventilator (Bird). Ten healthy mongrel dogs were anesthetized with sodium pentobarbital, catheterized with intrapleural and thermodilution pulmonary artery lines, and subjected to oleic acid-induced pulmonary edema. A mean PEEP of 16 +/- 6 (SD) cm H2O restored venous admixture to baseline in nine animals. Both mean airway pressure (Paw) and mean intrapleural pressure (Ppl) increased significantly with each increment of PEEP during HFV. Approximately 50% of Paw was transmitted to the intrapleural space. Cardiac index (CI) decreased with increments of PEEP in spite of constant transmural central venous and pulmonary capillary wedge pressures, so that oxygen delivery decreased despite increased PaO2. Possible mechanisms of PEEP-induced depression of CI during HFV are discussed. We conclude that both hemodynamic and intrapleural effects of PEEP during HFV are similar to those during conventional mechanical ventilation.
Single-neuron axonal pathfinding under geometric guidance: low-dose-methylmercury developmental neurotoxicity test (2014)

Because the nervous system is most vulnerable to toxicants during development, there is a crucial need for a highly sensitive developmental-neurotoxicity-test model to detect potential toxicants at low doses. We developed a lab-on-chip wherein single-neuron axonal pathfinding under geometric guidance was created using soft lithography and laser cell-micropatterning techniques. After coating the surface with L1, an axon-specific member of the Ig family of cell adhesion molecules (CAMs), and optimizing microunit geometric parameters, we introduced low-dose methylmercury, a well-known, environmentally significant neurotoxicant, in the shared medium. Its developmental neurotoxicity was evaluated using a novel axonal pathfinding assay including axonal turning and branching rates at turning points in this model. Compared to the conventional neurite-outgrowth assay, this model's detection threshold for low-dose methylmercury was 10-fold more sensitive at comparable exposure durations. These preliminary results support study of developmental effects of known and potential neurotoxicants on axon pathfinding. This novel assay model would be useful to study neuronal disease mechanisms at the single-cell level. To our knowledge, the potential of methylmercury chloride to cause acute in vitro developmental neurotoxicity (DNT) at such a low dosage has not been reported. This is the first DNT test model with high reproducibility to use single-neuron axonal pathfinding under precise geometric guidance.
The antifungal effects and mechanical properties of silver bromide/cationic polymer nano-composite-modified Poly-methyl methacrylate-based dental resin (2017)

Poly-methyl methacrylate (PMMA)-based dental resins with strong and long-lasting antifungal properties are critical for the prevention of denture stomatitis. This study evaluated the antifungal effects on Candida albicans ATCC90028, the cytotoxicity toward human dental pulp cells (HDPCs), and the mechanical properties of a silver bromide/cationic polymer nano-composite (AgBr/NPVP)-modified PMMA-based dental resin. AgBr/NPVP was added to the PMMA resin at 0.1, 0.2, and 0.3 wt%, and PMMA resin without AgBr/NPVP served as the control. Fungal growth was inhibited on the AgBr/NPVP-modified PMMA resin compared to the control (P < 0.05), and the antifungal activity increased as the incorporation of the AgBr/NPVP antimicrobial composite increased. Confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) showed that the number of fungal cells attached to the modified PMMA resin was considerably lower than in the control. The relative growth rate of HDPCs of modified groups were higher than 75%. The flexural strength (FS) and flexural modulus (FM) were not significantly different (P > 0.05) between the experimental and control groups. These data indicate that the incorporation of AgBr/NPVP conferred strong and long-lasting antifungal effects against Candida albicans to the PMMA resin, and it has low toxicity toward HDPCs, and its mechanical properties were not significantly affected.
Acute sleep loss decreases CSF‐to‐blood clearance of Alzheimer's disease biomarkers (2023)

These findings show that sleep loss alters some plasma AD biomarkers by lowering brain clearance mechanisms and needs to be taken into account when interpreting individual plasma AD biomarkers but not ratios.
Markets with Strategic Multi-minded Mediators. (2016)

We consider the design of mechanisms for multi-sided exchanges that interact with strategic players-some of which have multi-dimension strategic spaces or are represented by mediators. Players act to optimize their own utilities. The mechanism designer, on the other hand, aims to optimize a social goal, i.e., the gain from trade. As the mediators control the information flow from their players to the mechanism, the mechanism faces strategic behavior not only from the players but also from mediators: a mediator acts strategically to maximize utility on behalf of the players he represents. 
In particular, we focus on one example of the above setting which is motivated by the foreseeable future form of online advertising. Online advertising currently supports some of the most important Internet services, including: search, social media and user generated content sites. To overcome privacy concerns, it has been suggested to introduce user information markets through information brokers into the online advertising ecosystem. Such markets give users control over which data get shared in the online advertising exchange. We describe a model for the above foreseeable future form of online advertising, and design two mechanisms for the exchange of this model: a deterministic mechanism which is related to the vast literature on mechanism design through trade reduction and allows players with a multi-dimensional strategic space, and a randomized mechanism which can handle a more general version of the model.