gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Nuclear size of circulating tumor cells in advanced prostate cancer to reveal a potential biomarker for clinical outcomes and androgen receptor indifference. (2021)

167 Background: Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) have arisen as contemporary noninvasive prognostic biomarkers for prostate cancer (PCa). Previously, a subgroup of PCa CTCs, with particularly small nuclei ( &lt; 8.5 μm), were found to be correlated with the presence of visceral metastases. This subgroup was named very-small-nuclear CTCs (vsnCTCs). We hypothesized vsnCTCs as a putative biomarker of a lethal subtype associated with androgen receptor (AR) indifference and nuclear shape instability in metastatic castration resistant PCa (mCRPC). Methods: CTCs in blood from 76 patients with mCRPC were analyzed using NanoVelcro CTC assay for CTC nuclear size measurement and CTC RNA profiling of AR-indifferent pathways. Overall survival (OS) and progression free survival (PFS) of androgen receptor signaling inhibitor (ARSI), taxanes and other therapy were correlated with CTC nuclear size using Kaplan-Meier analysis and Cox proportional hazards model. Emerin fluorescence intensity and localization from patients with and without vsnCTC were compared. RNA profiles of CTCs were scored using Prostate Cancer Subtype (PCS) classification system. The CTC-PCS scores from patients with and without vsnCTC were compared using Mann-Whitney test. To investigate the underlying biology of vsnCTC phenotype, the nuclear size, the nuclear sizes of ARSI-resistant and lineage plasticity PCa cell lines were measured and correlated with the expression levels of RNA related to ARSI-indifferent pathways and nuclear envelope protein Emerin. Results: Patients with vsnCTC (i.e., vsnCTC+) had significantly shortened OS and PFS compared with patients without vsnCTC (i.e., vsnCTC-). The median OS was 34 (vsnCTC+, n = 49) vs. 149 (vsnCTC-, n = 27) weeks (HR = 2.6 with 95% CI 1.5 to 4.5, p &lt; 0.001). The median PFS was 12 (vsnCTC+, n = 32) vs. 26 (vsnCTC-, n = 18) weeks (HR = 2.2 with 95% CI 1.3 to 4.0, p = 0.004). CTC nuclear sizes were significantly smaller in patients with prior ARSI therapy. CTC-RNA analysis revealed that vsnCTC+ patients had a significant higher CTC-PCS1 Z score(n = 19) compared with vsnCTC- patients(n = 26)(p = 0.01). In the cell line models, nuclear sizes were significantly smaller in cell lines with ARSI-resistance(p = 0.002) and lineage plasticity (p = 0.006). Emerin expression is significantly lower in vsnCTC+ patients(p = 0.009) and ARSI-resistant cell lines(p = 0.03). Conclusions: This study casts light on the importance of the vsnCTC in patients with mCRPC, as vsnCTC+ patients represented a group at risk for faster clinical progression who are at the highest risk for mortality. This has potential importance in optimizing therapeutic choices. We posit that the vsnCTC represents a new hallmark of an aggressive subtype of mCRPC and is related to the cellular mechanism of AR-indifference and Emerin dysregulation, which promotes lethal progression of metastatic PCa.
Rhodium‐Catalyzed Chemo‐, Regio‐, and Enantioselective Allylation of 2‐Aminothiazoles with Terminal Allenes (2019)

A rhodium‐catalyzed chemo‐, regio‐ and enantioselective intermolecular coupling reaction of 2‐aminobenzothiazoles with terminal allenes is reported. The new reaction displays a wide substrate scope for both reaction partners to deliver the allylation products in good yields, with excellent regio‐ and enantioselectivity. This novel methodology was further applied in an efficient synthesis of chiral isothiourea.
ACOUSTIC ATTENUATION BY SHALLOW DONORS IN GERMANIUM IN A MAGNETIC FIELD (1981)

We have reported on the experimental results of the acoustic attenuation at about 1 GHz in antimony doped germanium in a magnetic field and at liquid helium temperatures, and that the magnetic field effect on the acoustic attenuation (MFEAA) is far larger than that expected from the present theories. Further experiments were carried out to measure the MFEAA in n-type (antimony, phosphorous or arsenic doped) germanium in the higher frequency region (2-3 GHz) and in other configurations. Some interesting results were obtained and these are summarized as follows : (1) When the magnetic field [MATH] was applied along the [100] axis and the wave vector [MATH] and the polarization vector [MATH] were along the [110] axis (in this configuration, the degeneracy of the four-pair conduction band minima in the k-space is not removed, so only the shrinkage effect of the donor wave function is expected as an effect of the magnetic field on the ground states of the bound donor electrons) the attenuation decreased with magnetic field and showed a minimum at 27 kG, then, increased with field up to 60 kG. The position of the minimum point is independent of the donor concentration or of the temperature or of the frequency. Such a behavior can not be explained by the present theories. (2) From the experimental results of MFEAA an phosphorus doped germanium for the configuration of [MATH][111] axis at 3.35 GHz, it was found that the effective Bohr radius a* increases with temperature. (3) From the experimental results of MFEAA in arsenic doped germanium for the configuration of [MATH][111] axis at 3.35 GHz, it was found that the behavior is not explained using a reasonable value for the effective Bohr radius a*.
HFIR SiC Bowing Test Ready to Insert (2021)

This report describes the successful assembly of a High Flux Isotope Reactor (HFIR) irradiation experiment designed to assess radiation-induced lateral bowing of silicon carbide fiber–reinforced, silicon carbide matrix composite (SiC/SiC) components under a radial fast neutron flux gradient. Excessive bowing of a SiC/SiC channel box in a boiling water reactor could potentially interfere with control blade movements. Similar concerns exist for SiC/SiC fuel cladding in light water reactors. The experiment described herein will provide experimental validation of the structural response of a miniature SiC/SiC channel box and tube specimens with pressurized water reactor diameters during irradiation. The significant radial fast neutron flux gradients that exist in the permanent reflector of HFIR were characterized using detailed three-dimensional neutronic calculations. The three-dimensional displacement damage dose rate profile and the resulting volumetric swelling in SiC were used as inputs to structural analyses that predicted the deformation and stresses in the channel box specimen. The specimens were thoroughly characterized prior to irradiation using traditional dimensional inspection and surface profilometry so that these measurements can later be compared with similar measurements that will be made post-irradiation to determine radiation-induced deformations. Furthermore, fine engraving markers were inscribed along all outer surfaces of the specimen and mapped using a digital microscope and a three-dimensional stage. This technique allowed for accurate measurements of the marker spacings, which can be compared with similar measurements that will be made post-irradiation to provide local radiation-induced strain mapping. The experiment was successfully assembled and is scheduled for insertion during HFIR cycle 492, which is currently scheduled to run from May 25, 2021 to June 18, 2021.
Research on Immunization Against African Sleeping Sickness (1978)

It has been demonstrated that the antigenic character of the parasite population of T. rhodesiense from an endemic area was composed of perhaps as few as one serodeme which was antigenically stable over an 8-year period. It was also found that immunity can be induced to blood and tsetse fly (metacyclic) forms by exposure of experimental animals to a broad spectrum of antigenic variants of the same serodeme. The sterile immunity described in these studies was long lasting. It is believed that these findings enhance the likelihood of immunologic control of trypanosomiasis.
A Cascaded Thermometer-Coded Current-Steering Digital-to-Analog Converter (2018)

A fully thermometer-coded cascaded currentsteering digital-to-analog converter (DAC) is reported in this paper. The described solution is implemented and simulated as a 7-bit DAC. The circuit achieves a |DNL| <; 0.9*LSB for extracted view Monte Carlo simulations, temperatures in the range between -40°C : 125°C and voltage supply in the range 2.5V : 3.3V. In the 55nm high-voltage CMOS technology, 6V devices are used. The total current consumption is 9μA in the supply range from 2.5V to 3.3V.
Single Pilot Commercial Operations A Study of the Technical Hurdles (2013)

T cells are immune cells that continuously scan for foreign-derived antigens on the surfaces of nearly all cells, termed antigen-presenting cells (APCs). They do this by dynamically extending numerous protrusions called microvilli (MVs) that contain T cell receptors toward the APC surface in order to scan for antigens. The number, size, and dynamics of these MVs, and the complex multiscale topography that results, play a yet unknown role in antigen recognition. We develop an anatomically informed model that confines antigen recognition to small areas representing MVs that can dynamically form and dissolve and use the model to study how MV dynamics impact antigen sensitivity and discrimination. We find that MV surveillance reduces antigen sensitivity compared with a completely flat interface, unless MV are stabilized in an antigen-dependent manner, and observe that MVs have only a modest impact on antigen discrimination. The model highlights that MV contacts optimize the competing demands of fast scanning speeds of the APC surface with antigen sensitivity. Our model predicts an interface packing fraction that corresponds closely to those observed experimentally, indicating that T cells operate their MVs near the limits imposed by anatomical and geometric constraints. Finally, we find that observed MV contact lifetimes can be largely influenced by conditions in the T cell/APC interface, with these lifetimes often being longer than the simulation or experimental observation period. This work highlights the role of MVs in antigen recognition.
Collimation testing with circular gratings (2001)

We investigate the testing of collimation by Talbot interferometry with circular gratings. Circular gratings are immune to misalignment owing to rigid body rotations in a plane perpendicular to the optic axis. Experimental results of the investigation are presented, and they are in good agreement with the theoretical predictions. Experimental results verify that collimation testing with circular gratings can be superior to that with linear dual-field gratings.
Reactivity of whole coals, selected pure maceral fractions, and cleaned coal products (1991)

The overall objective of this project was to determine the chemical reactivity properties of pure single coal maceral fractions in order to predict the combustion behavior of various whole coals of different maceral compositions and rank. The results to data of this study clearly support the following list of important conclusions: Maceral interactions occur during combustion profile tests; Combustion profile temperatures and parameters are rank related but not all coals show the same rank relationships; Pure macerals more clearly define the rank relationships; Vitrinite and liptinite behavior is more predictable than inertinite behavior; Combustion profile temperatures vary as a function of whole coal sample density; Physical cleaning has positive or little effect on combustion profile behavior; If SCE is to be used to prepare combustion feedstocks, then deep physical cleaning is recommended to enhance desulfurization and combustion properties; Combustion profiles can be modeled as apparent first order reactions; Activation energy is independent of rank but not of maceral composition or rank type (i.e. rank band); Combustion curves can be normalized and fitted to a polynomial-log equation; Reactivity studies show that both whole coal and maceral concentrate reactivities decrease with increasing rank; Whole coal reactivities are not a weighted average ofmore » the maceral reactivities from that coal; Demineralized whole coals show a greater variation in reactivity than do untreated whole coal samples. 50 refs., 6 figs.« less
Multiscale structural decoding of electrospun nanofibres: from processing to possibilities for steering functionality (2019)

Over the years, electrospinning has been developed as a technique to produce nano-to micron-sized fibers for filtration and biomedical appications It is well understood that the internal structure of these fibers highly depends on the polymer type, the spinning solution properties and the spinning parameters. In this contribution we present our recent advances in structural insights into electrospun poly(vinylidene fluoride-cohexafluoropropylene), PVDFhfp, based fiber membranes for non-aligned and aligned (by using a high speed rotating drum) samples using X-ray scattering and diffraction techniques The densely packed lamellar structures in nanoscale with respect to fiber orientation axis have been analyzed by small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) while molecular arrangement in orthorhombic structure are visualized by wide angle X-ray diffractions (WAXD). The nanofibrillar surface structures have also be seen by AFM performed on single fibers. Furthermore, we will discuss our vision for nanoscale structural modification of the fibers by applying extreme drawing achieved using a high speed rotating drum electrospinning collector. The possibilities for significant variation in the ratio of crystalline and phases will also be discussed. These studies and our further investigation shall establish new strategies for designing and processing novel functional electrospun membranes.
Comparison of Ethanol and Methanol Oxidation in a Liquid-Feed Solid Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cell at High Temperature (1999)

The electrochemical oxidation of ethanol and methanol in a liquid‐feed solid polymer electrolyte fuel cell operating at was investigated. A composite membrane made of Nafion ionomer and silica was fabricated in order to maintain the advantageous water‐ retention properties of these materials at high temperature. A pressurized cell employing carbon‐ supported and catalysts with a loading of was investigated. The direct methanol fuel cell showed a peak power density of about at and . The power density approached in the innternal resistance‐free polarization curve, and the methanol crossover rate was about . The direct ethanol fuel cell showed a maximum power density of about at and with high selectivity toward formation (≈95%). ©1998 The Electrochemical Society
Intragenic Factor IX restriction site polymorphism in hemophilia B variants (1985)

This study includes 47 normal subjects and 25 hemophilia B patients without inhibitor(s), showing different factor IX coagulant activity and antigen levels. Genomic DNA, digested with various restriction endonucleases, was hybridized with two different factor IX probes, ie, the cDNA and the subgenomic probe for the intragenic TaqI polymorphic site. cDNA restriction patterns suggest absence of gross rearrangements and/or deletions in all hemophilic patients. The frequency of the X chromosome bearing the TaqI polymorphic site is 0.32 +/- 0.09 in hemophilic subjects v 0.36 +/- 0.06 in normal control subjects, the latter value being comparable to that reported for the normal British population. No association between this polymorphism and hemophilia B variants has been observed, thus indicating that a wide spectrum of mutations underlies this blood-clotting disorder and particularly each of its variants.
Surface Structure of Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate Surfactant and Oil at the Oil-in-Water Droplet Liquid/Liquid Interface: A Manifestation of a Nonequilibrium Surface State (2011)

We present sum frequency scattering spectra on kinetically stabilized emulsions consisting of nanoscopic oil droplets in water, stabilized with sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS). We have measured the interfacial structure of the alkyl chains of the surfactant molecules, the alkyl chain of the oil molecules, the weakly dispersive D(2)O response, and the interference between SDS and the oil. We find a big difference in chain conformation: SDS has many chain defects, whereas the oil has very few. Our spectra are interpreted to originate from a surface structure with oil molecules predominantly oriented parallel with respect to the plane of the interface. The SDS headgroup is surrounded by water molecules. The SDS alkyl tail is in a disordered state and partially in contact with water. Such a conformation of surfactant occupies a surface area of several hundreds of squared angstroms.
Dynamic Markers: UAV Landing Proof of Concept (2018)

In this paper, we introduce a dynamic fiducial marker which can change its appearance according to the spatiotemporal requirements of the visual perception task of a mobile robot using a camera as the sensor. We present a control scheme to dynamically change the appearance of the marker in order to increase the range of detection and to assure a better accuracy on the close range. The marker control takes into account the camera to marker distance (which influences the scale of the marker in image coordinates) to select which fiducial markers to display. Hence, we realize a tight coupling between the visual pose control of the mobile robot and the appearance of the dynamic fiducial marker. Additionally, we discuss the practical implications of time delays due to processing time and communication delays between the robot and the marker. Finally, we propose a real-time dynamic marker visual servoing control scheme for quadcopter landing and evaluate the performance on a real-world example.
Environment modeling for the interactive display (EMID) used in telerobotic systems (2002)

Discusses a method of calculating the interaction forces produced between objects which will contact in model space. Recently, needs of robotic simulators are increasing to provide efficient off-line teaching tools, effective human-robot interfaces for telerobotic systems and so on. In almost simulators, currently operators can see good images of the environments to be manipulated by introducing computer graphics techniques. However, such simulators only can display the environments unilaterally without feeling any constraint force which will occur during teaching tasks. In some applications of the simulators, the lack of force feedback causes low efficiency of the system. In order to overcome this problem, a method which can generate constraint forces in a model world is proposed, which will be called the EMID (environment modeling for the interactive display) system. After the method is formulated, using the EMID method will be confirmed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Liquid Warping GAN with Attention: A Unified Framework for Human Image Synthesis (2020)

We tackle human image synthesis, including human motion imitation, appearance transfer, and novel view synthesis, within a unified framework. It means that the model, once being trained, can be used to handle all these tasks. The existing task-specific methods mainly use 2D keypoints to estimate the human body structure. However, they only express the position information with no abilities to characterize the personalized shape of the person and model the limb rotations. In this paper, we propose to use a 3D body mesh recovery module to disentangle the pose and shape. It can not only model the joint location and rotation but also characterize the personalized body shape. To preserve the source information, such as texture, style, color, and face identity, we propose an Attentional Liquid Warping GAN with Attentional Liquid Warping Block (AttLWB) that propagates the source information in both image and feature spaces to the synthesized reference. Specifically, the source features are extracted by a denoising convolutional auto-encoder for characterizing the source identity well. Furthermore, our proposed method can support a more flexible warping from multiple sources. To further improve the generalization ability of the unseen source images, a one/few-shot adversarial learning is applied. In detail, it firstly trains a model in an extensive training set. Then, it finetunes the model by one/few-shot unseen image(s) in a self-supervised way to generate high-resolution (512 x 512 and 1024 x 1024) results. Also, we build a new dataset, namely iPER dataset, for the evaluation of human motion imitation, appearance transfer, and novel view synthesis. Extensive experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of our methods in terms of preserving face identity, shape consistency, and clothes details. All codes and dataset are available on https://impersonator.org/work/impersonator-plus-plus.html.
Cold Hardiness in the Genus Rhododendron (1986)

Abstract Cold hardiness of 101 Rhododendron genotypes was assessed. In hardy rhododendrons, the difference in hardiness between floral primordia and other tissues or organs was greater than in the less hardy species. All rhododendrons tested were divided into 4 hardiness divisions: very hardy, semihardy, hardy, and tender. In all hardiness divisions, the vegetative buds, leaves, and stem cortex were hardiest, whereas the floral primorida were least hardy, with a lowest survival temperature (LST) of −35°C or higher. The majority of the very hardy division of rhododendrons, such as R. brachycarpum D., R. catawbiense Michx., and R. maximum L., belong to the ponticum series. In general, rhododendrons from cold regions were hardier than those from warm regions. The hardiness of the floral primordia of rhododendrons growing near the timberline (3900 m alt.) of East Himalaya and the high altitudes of the northwestern Yunnan area were similar (−20° to −23°). These were less hardy than those found in the subalpine forests of Japan and eastern North America, probably due to moderate temperature and high humidity during the winter in eastern Himalaya and northwestern Yunnan.
Heteroepitaxial III-V on Si(100) tandem absorbers structures for photoelectrolysis (2013)

Dilute nitride GaP(N,As)/Si(100) tandem absorber structures are considered for efficient direct photoelectrochemical water splitting. Both Si and GaP have already been usedfor hydrogen evolution; their monolithic integration promises sufficient voltage for bias-free photoelectrolysis and efficient use of the solar spectrum. The preparationof the III-V/Si(100) heterointerface thereby is the crucial step towards low-defect absorber structures. We study the growth of GaP/Si(100) quasi-substrates, as the template for the integration of lattice-matched dilute nitride layers, in situ during metalorganic vapor phase epitaxy. Reflection anisotropy spectroscopy provides precise control over the epitaxial surface structure during preparation enables in situ quantification of anti-phase disorder and allows optical access to the heterointerface.
MXene-Based Porous Monoliths (2022)

In the past decade, a thriving family of 2D nanomaterials, transition-metal carbides/nitrides (MXenes), have garnered tremendous interest due to its intriguing physical/chemical properties, structural features, and versatile functionality. Integrating these 2D nanosheets into 3D monoliths offers an exciting and powerful platform for translating their fundamental advantages into practical applications. Introducing internal pores, such as isotropic pores and aligned channels, within the monoliths can not only address the restacking of MXenes, but also afford a series of novel and, in some cases, unique structural merits to advance the utility of the MXene-based materials. Here, a brief overview of the development of MXene-based porous monoliths, in terms of the types of microstructures, is provided, focusing on the pore design and how the porous microstructure affects the application performance.