gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Human activities recognition using depth images (2013)

We present a new method to classify human activities by leveraging on the cues available from depth images alone. Towards this end, we propose a descriptor which couples depth and spatial information of the segmented body to describe a human pose. Unique poses (i.e. codewords) are then identified by a spatial-based clustering step. Given a video sequence of depth images, we segment humans from the depth images and represent these segmented bodies as a sequence of codewords. We exploit unique poses of an activity and the temporal ordering of these poses to learn subsequences of codewords which are strongly discriminative for the activity. Each discriminative subsequence acts as a classifier and we learn a boosted ensemble of discriminative subsequences to assign a confidence score for the activity label of the test sequence. Unlike existing methods which demand accurate tracking of 3D joint locations or couple depth with color image information as recognition cues, our method requires only the segmentation masks from depth images to recognize an activity. Experimental results on the publicly available Human Activity Dataset (which comprises 12 challenging activities) demonstrate the validity of our method, where we attain a precision/recall of 78.1%/75.4% when the person was not seen before in the training set, and 94.6%/93.1% when the person was seen before.
ENGLISH LANGUAGE LEARNERS IN INTRODUCTORY STATISTICS: LESSONS LEARNED FROM AN EXPLORATORY CASE STUDY OF TWO PRE-SERVICE TEACHERS (2009)

Despite the rapidly growing population of English language learners in U.S. colleges and schools, very little research has focused on understanding the challenges of English language learners specifically in statistics education. At a university near the United States-México border, the authors conducted an exploratory qualitative case study of issues of language in learning statistics for pre-service teachers whose first (and stronger) language is Spanish. The two strongest findings that emerged from cross-case analysis of the interviews were the importance of the role of context (the setting in which information is communicated) and the confusion among registers (subsets of language). This paper overviews and synthesizes relevant literature and offers resources and recommendations for teaching and future research. First published November 2009 at Statistics Education Research Journal: Archives
Wind field estimation for autonomous dynamic soaring (2012)

A method for distributed parameter estimation of a previously unknown wind field is described. The application is dynamic soaring for small unmanned air vehicles, which severely constrains available computing while simultaneously requiring updates that are fast compared with a typical dynamic soaring cycle. A polynomial parameterization of the wind field is used, allowing implementation of a linear Kalman filter for parameter estimation. Results of Monte Carlo simulations show the effectiveness of the approach. In addition, in-flight measurements of wind speeds are compared with data obtained from video tracking of balloon launches to assess the accuracy of wind field estimates obtained using commercial autopilot modules.
Synthesis and biological evaluation of some 10-substituted 2,3-dihydroimidazo[2,1-b]quinazolin-5(10H)-ones, a new class of bronchodilators (1975)

On treatment of N-substituted isatoic anhydrides with 2-methylmercaptoimidazolines, 10-substituted imidazo[2,1-b]quinazolin-5(10H)-ones are obtained. Several members of this class exhibited pronounced broncholytic activity. The structure-activity relationships (based on results obtained in the guinea pig histamine aerosol test) of these nonsympathomimetic bronchodilators are discussed. In addition, the detailed pharmacological evaluation of two analogs found to be five to ten times more active than theophyline as bronchodilators without having central nervous system or cardiovascular side effects is described.
Distinguishing Regulatory DNA From Neutral Sites (2003)

We explore several computational approaches to analyzing interspecies genomic sequence alignments, aiming to distinguish regulatory regions from neutrally evolving DNA. Human-mouse genomic alignments were collected for three sets of human regions: (1) experimentally defined gene regulatory regions, (2) well-characterized exons (coding sequences, as a positive control), and (3) interspersed repeats thought to have inserted before the human-mouse split (a good model for neutrally evolving DNA). Models that potentially could distinguish functional noncoding sequences from neutral DNA were evaluated on these three data sets, as well as bulk genome alignments. Our analyses show that discrimination based on frequencies of individual nucleotide pairs or gaps (i.e., of possible alignment columns) is only partially successful. In contrast, scoring procedures that include the alignment context, based on frequencies of short runs of alignment columns, dramatically improve separation between regulatory and neutral features. Such scoring functions should aid in the identification of putative regulatory regions throughout the human genome.
Cells and cytokines involved in the pathogenesis of sarcoidosis. (1999)

Granulomatous inflammation develops under the regulatory influence of cytokines produced by local mononuclear phagocytes, T cells, dendritic cells, fibroblasts, and other local cells. In sarcoidosis, granulomatous inflammation is characterized by dominant expression of T helper 1 (Th1) cytokines such as IFN gamma and interleukin (IL)-2 with low levels of expression of T helper 2 (Th2) cytokines such as IL4 and IL5. Recent studies show that the cytokine IL12, the most important regulator of Th1 immune responses currently known, is upregulated at sites of inflammation in sarcoidosis. In particular, enhanced expression of IL12 is seen in sarcoid lung and lymph node, along with dysregulated production of IL12 by stimulated and unstimulated sarcoid alveolar macrophages. The known dependence of granulomatous inflammation on type 1 cytokines (IFN gamma, IL12) in many experimental models of granulomatous disease makes it likely that these cytokines function in a similar fashion in the initiation and maintenance of granulomatous inflammation in sarcoidosis. Whether these same type 1 cytokines drive granulomatous inflammation in patients with extensive fibrocystic lung disease remains unknown. TGF beta, a known inhibitor of IL12 and IFN gamma production, is produced at higher levels by lung cells from those patients who undergo remission of their disease, suggesting that TGF gamma is important in downregulating granulomatous inflammation in sarcoidosis. These studies offer new insight into the molecular mechanisms of granuloma formation in sarcoidosis and provide a framework for developing new therapeutic strategies for the treatment of this disease.
A Study on the Leakage and Rotordynamic Coefficients of a Long-Smooth Seal With Laminar-Two-Phase, Mainly-Oil Mixtures (2019)

Abstract This paper conducts a comprehensive study on the effects of the presence of air in the oil on the leakage and rotordynamic coefficients of a long-smooth seal (inner diameter D = 89.306 mm, radial clearance Cr = 0.140 mm, and length-diameter ratio L/D = 0.65) under laminar-two-phase flow conditions. The mixture consists of air and silicone oil with inlet gas volume fraction (GVF) up to 10%. Tests are performed at inlet temperature Ti = 39.4 °C, exit pressure Pe = 6.9 bars, pressure drop PD = 31, and 37.9 bars, and rotor speed ω = 5, 7.5, and 10 krpm. The test seal is always concentric with the rotor, and no intentional fluid prerotation is provided at the seal inlet. The complex dynamic stiffness coefficients Hij of the test seal are measured and fitted by the frequency-independent direct stiffness K, cross-coupled stiffness k, direct damping C, cross-coupled damping c, direct virtual-mass M, and cross-coupled virtual-mass mq coefficients. Under laminar flow conditions, increasing inlet GVF has negligible effects on K, k, C, and effective damping Ceff, while it decreases c and M. These trends are correctly predicted by San Andrés's bulk-flow model with laminar flow friction formula. As inlet GVF increases, measured leakage flow rate m˙ increases slightly. In general, the predictions of K, k, C, c, Ceff, and m˙ are reasonably close to measurements.
Beyond X-rays: an overview of emerging structural biology methods (2021)

Structural biologists rely on X-ray crystallography as the main technique for determining the three-dimensional structures of macromolecules; however, in recent years, new methods that go beyond X-ray-based technologies are broadening the selection of tools to understand molecular structure and function. Simultaneously, national facilities are developing programming tools and maintaining personnel to aid novice structural biologists in de novo structure determination. The combination of X-ray free electron lasers (XFELs) and serial femtosecond crystallography (SFX) now enable time-resolved structure determination that allows for capture of dynamic processes, such as reaction mechanism and conformational flexibility. XFEL and SFX, along with microcrystal electron diffraction (MicroED), help side-step the need for large crystals for structural studies. Moreover, advances in cryogenic electron microscopy (cryo-EM) as a tool for structure determination is revolutionizing how difficult to crystallize macromolecules and/or complexes can be visualized at the atomic scale. This review aims to provide a broad overview of these new methods and to guide readers to more in-depth literature of these methods.
Optimal Puncturing of Polar Codes With a Fixed Information Set (2019)

For a given polar code construction, the existing literature on puncturing for polar codes focuses on finding the optimal puncturing pattern, and then re-selecting the information set. This paper devotes itself to find the optimal puncturing pattern when the information set is fixed. Puncturing the coded bits corresponding to the worst quality bit channels, called worst quality puncturing (WQP), is proposed, which is analyzed to minimize the bit channel quality loss at the punctured positions. The simulation results show that the WQP outperforms the best existing puncturing schemes when the information set is fixed.
Histopathology and Cell Proliferation Induced by 2,2,4-Trimethylpentane in the Male Rat Kidney (1986)

Unleaded gasoline causes acute and chronic nephrotoxicity and renal tumors in male rats, but not female rats or mice of either sex. An active nephrotoxic component of unleaded gasoline has been identified as 2,2,4-trimethylpentane (TMP). The first objective of this study was to characterize light microscopic renal lesions induced in male F344 rats by a 21-day gavage regimen of 50 to 500 mg/kg TMP. The second objective was to localize and quantitate sites of renal cell proliferation induced by the same TMP dose regimens using histoautoradiographic analysis after [3H]thymidine incorporation. Light microscopic lesions in the proximal convoluted tubule consisted of protein droplet and crystalloid body accumulation, degeneration, and necrosis, and were similar to lesions noted in previous inhalation and gavage studies with other hydrocarbon compounds. The above renal lesions were not dose-related, although tubular dilation of thin limb segments with granular cell debris was dose-related. In cell proliferation studies TMP induced a non-dose-related five- to sixfold increase in the labelling index of the same proximal convoluted tubule portions (P2 segment) that contained severe crystalloid body accumulation, degeneration, and necrosis. Less pronounced, but statistically significant (p less than or equal to 0.05), increases in cell proliferation were also observed in other nephron segments, indicating a generalized regenerative response of the kidney to TMP. The cytotoxic and regenerative renal effects of TMP administered by gavage suggest that similar mechanisms may be involved in the induction of kidney tumors in male rats following chronic inhalation exposure to unleaded gasoline.
Hash functions for information authentication (2003)

The protection of information authentication based on cryptographically secure hash functions is discussed. Two classes of hash functions are defined, namely keyed and keyless hash functions. It is shown that they can be applied under different circumstances to protect the authenticity of information. A taxonomy of existing schemes for information authentication is developed, and an overview of practical schemes is given.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
A Phase Ib/II trial of granulocyte-macrophage?colony stimulating factor and interleukin-2 for renal cell carcinoma patients with pulmonary metastases (2000)

The combination of IL-2 and GM-CSF may be associated with marked morbidity and, as in one case in this study, mortality. No significant antitumor activity was appreciated. Thus, the combination of IL-2 and GM-CSF, when administered at this dose and according to this schedule, does not appear to be active in renal cell carcinoma and is associated with significant toxicities. Further studies using this combination of agents should only be undertaken with extreme caution and particular attention to neurotoxicity.
On the Value Demand of Curriculum Reform Based on Local Culture (2011)

Curriculum reform is a kind of social practice activity based on culture,and is specific behavioral reflection of the specific cultural spirit.For the construction of new social situation because of continues revolution and globalization,the curriculum reform based on the local culture is helpful to recognize our goal,that is to constantly adjust the losing position of curriculum reform caused by the globalization,to ensure the implementation of the education fairness,to show the individual cultural character,and to promote the achievement of curriculum reform scientifically and orderly.
Skeletal Isomerization of 1-Butene over Ferrierite Zeolite: A Quantum Chemical Analysis of Structures and Reaction Mechanisms (2012)

The monomolecular skeletal isomerization of 1-butene to isobutene on H-FER zeolite was theoretically studied by using the ONIOM(MP2/6-311+G(2df,2p):M08-HX/6-311+G(2df,2p))//ONIOM(MP2/6-31G(d,p):M08-HX/6-31G(d,p)) approach. A full quantum cluster of 37T (T means tetrahedral of Si or Al atoms) was used to represent the confinement effect from the FER zeolite. The model correctly predicted adsorption energies in favor of 1-butene to isobutene, −18.0 and −14.8 kcal/mol, respectively, indicating the unfavorable steric hindrance of the branched isomer with the medium pore H-FER zeolite. The monomolecular mechanism of skeletal isomerization of 1-butene was found to involve transformation of adsorbed 1-butene through secondary linear butoxide, primary isobutoxide, and tert-butyl cation intermediates. The rate-determining step is the conversion of isobutoxide to isobutene in which the reaction has to proceed through the primary isobutyl cation transition state. The primary isobutyl cation is stabilized by the interactions with the zeolite framework. Its energy relative to the isolated 1-butene and zeolite cluster is 16.9 kcal/mol, which is comparable to the experimental apparent activation energy of 14 kcal/mol. The shape selectivity due to the “nano-confinement” effect of the zeolite framework on the adsorption, the stabilities of intermediates, as well as the skeletal isomerization reaction mechanism of 1-butene were clearly demonstrated.
Isolated extramedullary relapse in acute myeloid leukemia: A retrospective analysis (2002)

Patients with isolated EMR are typically young males with monoblastic or myeloblastic leukemia who present with EMD at diagnosis. Marrow transplant following chemotherapy and local radiotherapy offer the potential for long-term survival.
Technik- und Industriemuseen (2016)

Industrie und Technik hängen eng miteinander zusammen: Die eine gibt es nicht ohne die andere. Überschneidungen treten daher auch im Prozess ihrer Musealisierung auf, die bereits vor über 200 Jahren begann. Dennoch lassen sich Technik- und Industriemuseen hinsichtlich ihrer Exponate, Inhalte und Vermittlungsformen durchaus voneinander unterscheiden: Im Technikmuseum stehen die Produkte der Ingenieurkunst und die ihnen zugrunde liegenden technikhistorischen Prozesse im Mittelpunkt, im Industriemuseum wird die Technik in wirtschafts-, sozial-, kultur- und regionalgeschichtliche Zusammenhänge eingebettet.
Supplementation with BCAA Reduces MAFbx Expression and Phenylalanine Concentration in Rested and Exercised Human Muscle (2011)

Resistance exercise and amino acids are each capable of stimulating skeletal muscle protein synthesis through the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway. When these two are combined the effect is additive and a positive net muscle protein balance can be achieved. Resistance exercise also elevates muscle protein breakdown, suggested to revolve around the genes MuRF-1 and MAFbx, which are molecularly linked to the mTOR pathway. PURPOSE: To determine the individual and combined effect of resistance exercise and branched-chain amino acids on the expression of anabolic and catabolic genes in human skeletal muscle. METHODS: Seven healthy male subjects went through two sessions of unilateral leg exercise and were randomly supplemented with BCAA or flavored water. Muscle biopsies were collected before and 3h after exercise in both resting (R) and exercising (E) muscle for determination of mRNA expression of proteolytic and mTOR associated genes. Fold changes in mRNA expression at 3h compared to pre-exercise were compared with a two-way ANOVA. Blood and muscle samples were taken for analysis of amino acid concentration. RESULTS: Supplementation generated a decreased (P < 0.05) MAFbx expression. Fold changes from pre-exercise were 0.5 (E) and 0.7 (R) in the BCAA session compared to 1.4 (E) and 1.5-fold (R) in the placebo session. MuRF-1 expression increased (P < 0.05) 2 and 3-fold in (E) in the placebo and BCAA session respectively, in relation to the unaltered expression in (R). Plasma and muscle BCAA concentration were elevated (P < 0.05) during the recovery period. Muscle phenylalanine concentrations decreased 19% (E) and 14% (R) (P < 0.05) 3h following exercise in the placebo session, with greater reductions (P < 0.05) 44% (E) and 37% (R) after BCAA supplementation. CONCLUSIONS: There is a divergent response to BCAA supplementation and exercise on the expression of the proteolytic genes MAFbx and MuRF-1. This may be due to their diverse cellular function and suggests a somewhat dissimilar control mechanism. The decrease in MAFbx expression together with a more pronounced reduction in muscle phenylalanine concentration during recovery with BCAA supplementation strongly suggests an increased net muscle protein balance. Supported by Swedish National Center for Research in Sports
ROUTE SELECTION CONSIDERING TRAVEL TIME VARIABILITY (1999)

Most conventional route guidance systems select the optimal route on the basis of the minimum expected route travel time. However, as a result of the inherent variation in driving conditions, the route travel time that drivers will experience may be longer or shorter than the expected mean travel time. Drivers are likely to have a lower tolerance for experiencing travel times that exceed their expectation, and as a result, drivers may want to select routes that provide them with smaller travel time variation. While this is clearly desirable, it is not clear whether the paths providing the minimum average travel time, are also the optimal paths for other levels of travel time reliability. This paper examines the impact that routing strategy has on route selection. Specifically, the proportion of paths that change when drivers alter their route selection criteria from selecting the minimum travel path computed on the basis of the average travel time to that computed on the basis of say the 95th percentile travel time, is computed. The analysis, conducted using simulation results from a network of a portion of Seattle, Washington, indicates that if a routing system selects routes on the basis of the 95th percentile travel time, then approximately 15% of all routes would be different than the minimum mean travel time routes. The results indicate that there may exist opportunities for improving the reliability of trip travel times by changing the route selection strategy to directly consider travel time variability.
Automation of an Agricultural Tractor for Fruit Picking (2006)

This paper presents the hardware and software architectures of a compact agricultural tractor, that is currently being developed as a generic mobile platform for agricultural tasks. The specific task that is being addressed is fruit picking. Such systems require precision outdoor maneuvering and coordination with the implement attached to the vehicle. The system described also includes a loader attached to the front of the tractor which carries the fruit picking robot. First the hardware associated with the safety subsystem, steering, traction and loader control systems are described. Then the real-time software that coordinates the control of all subsystems while maintaining a functional radio link to a remote station is described.
Development of Air Cooled Combustor for Mitsubishi G Class Gas Turbine (2011)

Mitsubishi Heavy Industries (MHI) pioneered the introduction of steam cooling technology for gas turbines with the introduction of the M501G in 1997. To date, 71 Mitsubishi G units have been sold making this series the largest steam cooled fleet in the market. The turbine inlet temperature (TIT) for this gas turbine is 1500 deg. C. The original M501G has been upgraded for air cooling applications. This upgraded version is called as M501GAC (G Air Cooled). The latest Dry Low NOx (DLN) and cooling technologies from existing F and G series were applied to the upgraded M501GAC. The new GAC combustor was installed in the in-house verification Combined Cycle Power Plant, called T-Point, and verification tests of the combustor were conducted from November 2008. The air cooled M501GAC combustor demonstrated less than 15ppm NOx operation, stable combustor dynamics at all load levels, and high combustor ignition reliability making it suitable for daily start and stop operation at T-Point. Also, oil firing capabilities was tested in May, 2010. Long term verification test is completed in fall 2010.
Culture Condition for the Production of Bacterial Cellulose with Gluconacetobacter persimmonus KJ145 (2002)

Gluconacetobacter persimmonus KJ145를 사용하여 bacterial cellulose 생산에 최적배지와 배양조건을 설정하였다. Bacterial cellulose를 생성하기 위한 최적배지로는 HS배지보다는 천연사과과즙이 더 우수한 경향을 나타내었으며, 사과과즙에 각종 탄소원을 보강한 결과 탄소원으로 pyruvate가 적합하였다. 탄소원의 농도를 조사한 결과, 1%가 적합하였으며, 각종 질소원의 영향을 조사한 결과 CSL이 가장 우수한 결과를 나타내었다. CSL의 농도에 따른 bacterial cellulose의 생산성을 조사한 결과, 10% 농도에서 가장 좋았다. Bacterial cellulose의 생성에 미치는 배지의 초기 pH의 영향을 조사한 결과 pH 6.0에서 최적이었으며, 배양온도별 영향을 조사한 결과 35o℃에서 하는 것이 최적이었다. 최적배양조건에서 배양시간별로 생성되는 bacterial cellulose의 양을 조사한 결과 16일간 배양하는 것이 가장 좋았으며, 이 때 생성되는 bacterial cellulose의 생산량은 8.96 g/L으로 비교적 높았다.