gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Janus‐Headed Lewis Superacid: Simple Access to, and First Application of Me3Si‐F‐Al(ORF)3 (2014)

Upon reaction of gaseous Me3SiF with the in situ prepared Lewis acid Al(OR(F))3, the stable ion-like silylium compound Me3 Si-F-Al(OR(F))3 1 forms. The Janus-headed 1 is a readily available smart Lewis acid that differentiates between hard and soft nucleophiles, but also polymerizes isobutene effectively. Thus, in reactions of 1 with soft nucleophiles (Nu), such as phosphanes, the silylium side interacts in an orbital-controlled manner, with formation of [Me3Si-Nu](+) and the weakly coordinating [F-Al(OR(F))3](-) or [((F)RO)3Al-F-Al(OR(F))3](-) anions. If exchanged for hard nucleophiles, such as primary alcohols, the aluminum side reacts in a charge-controlled manner, with release of FSiMe3 gas and formation of the adduct R(H)O-Al(OR(F))3. Compound 1 very effectively initiates polymerization of 8 to 21 mL of liquid C4 H8 in 50 mL of CH2 Cl2 already at temperatures between -57 and -30 °C with initiator loads as low as 10 mg in a few seconds with 100% yield but broad polydispersities.
Photovoltaic Power Supply and Antennas in one Device for Wireless Telecommunication Equipment (2005)

This paper describes the application of photovoltaic (PV) solar cells in planar antenna structures. The radiating patch element of a planar antenna is replaced by a solar cell. Furthermore radiating slots are built due to the cell spacing in a solar cell array. The original feature of a solar cell (DC current generation) remains, but additionally the solar cell is now able to receive and transmit electromagnetic waves. One single solar cell can be used as antenna, but it is also possible to integrate an antenna into a complete solar cell module which consists of a series connection of numerous cells. Several applications of this new device in the fields of satellite and mobile communications are outlined
A resilient Kalman filter based servo clock (2013)

The accuracy level achievable with a given synchronization system is straightforwardly related to timestamp accuracy. Therefore, different methods have been proposed in the literature for reducing measurement uncertainty in synchronization systems. However, another important problem is deciding whether a received time information is trustworthy, particularly when timing messages generated by a supposedly reliable reference, point to significant discrepancies from the local clock. This paper presents a clock servo purposely designed for working with timestamps affected by sporadic outliers. The proposed algorithm is based on a Kalman filter (KF), whose correction phase has been modified so that the calculation of the a posteriori state vector estimate depends on the reliability of time offset and frequency deviation measurements, as assessed by an innovation-based outlier detector. To achieve greater robustness, two KF clock algorithms are run in parallel, a back-up servo providing usable state estimates whenever measurement information is withheld for too long times from the primary servo through being considered unreliable. The resulting composite algorithm features a much improved stability range, while retaining a very good accuracy.
Isolation and Crystal Structure of a Peroxo‐Bridged Heme–Copper Complex (2003)

A stable bridge: A peroxo-bridged Fe–O2–Cu complex (see picture) was synthesized and isolated as crystals. The X-ray structure analysis revealed that the Fe–O2–Cu moiety has a μ-η2:η1 coordination mode; a peroxo ligand is bound to Fe in a side-on fashion with only one oxygen atom of the peroxide bound to Cu. The two metal ions (high-spin FeIII and CuII) were strongly coupled in an antiferromagnetic fashion, thus resulting in a total spin of S=2.
Minimum-energy point charge configurations on a circular disk (1998)

Stochastic global optimization methods are used together with problem-specific heuristics to find configurations of n equal point charges on a circular disk such that the potential energy is minimized. Previous such optimal or conjecturally optimal configurations have been published only for and n = 29,30,50. Earlier results are examined and the best currently known configurations - most of them new - for are presented.
MEK Inhibition Targets Cancer Stem Cells and Impedes Migration of Pancreatic Cancer CellsIn VitroandIn Vivo (2019)

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) remains a devastating disease with a very poor prognosis. At the same time, its incidence is on the rise, and PDAC is expected to become the second leading cause of cancer-related death by 2030. Despite extensive work on new therapeutic approaches, the median overall survival is only 6-12 months after diagnosis and the 5-year survival is less than 7%. While pancreatic cancer is particularly difficult to treat, patients usually succumb not to the growth of the primary tumor, but to extensive metastasis; therefore, strategies to reduce the migratory and metastatic capacity of pancreatic cancer cells merit close attention. The vast majority of pancreatic cancers harbor RAS mutations. The outstanding relevance of the RAS/MEK/ERK pathway in pancreatic cancer biology has been extensively shown previously. Due to their high dependency on Ras mutations, pancreatic cancers might be particularly sensitive to inhibitors acting downstream of Ras. Herein, we use a genetically engineered mouse model of pancreatic cancer and primary pancreatic cancer cells were derived from this model to demonstrate that small-molecule MEK inhibitors functionally abrogate cancer stem cell populations as demonstrated by reduced sphere and organoid formation capacity. Furthermore, we demonstrate that MEK inhibition suppresses TGF<i>β</i>-induced epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and migration <i>in vitro</i> and ultimately results in a highly significant reduction in circulating tumor cells in mice.
A Web-services architecture for efficient XML data exchange (2004)

Business applications often exchange large amounts of enterprise data stored in legacy systems. The advent of XML as a standard specification format has improved applications interoperability. However, optimizing the performance of XML data exchange, in particular, when data volumes are large, is still in its infancy. Quite often, the target system has to undo some of the work the source did to assemble documents in order to map XML elements into its own data structures. This publish&map process is both resource and time consuming. In this paper, we develop a middle-tier Web services architecture to optimize the exchange of large XML data volumes. The key idea is to allow systems to negotiate the data exchange process using an extension to WSDL. The source (target) can specify document fragments that it is willing to produce (consume). Given these fragmentations, the middleware instruments the data exchange process between the two systems to minimize the number of necessary operations and optimize the distributed processing between the source and the target systems. We show that our new exchange paradigm outperforms publish&map and enables more flexible scenarios without necessitating substantial modifications to the underlying systems.
Measurement of interfacial Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction from static domain imaging (2019)

Perpendicularly magnetized thin films with a strong Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction (DMI) exhibit chiral spin structures such as N\'eel domain walls and skyrmions. These structures are promising candidates for next-generation magnetic memory devices. Determining the magnitude of the DMI accurately is key to engineering materials for such applications. Existing approaches are based on quantities extracted either from magnetization dynamics, which present experimental and theoretical challenges, or from measurements of quasistatic domain spacing, which so far have been analyzed using incomplete models or prohibitively slow micromagnetic simulations. Here, we use a recently developed analytical model of stripe domain widths in perpendicularly magnetized multilayers to extract the DMI from domain images combined with magnetometry data. Our approach is tested on micromagnetically simulated domain patterns, where we achieve a 1% agreement of the extracted DMI with the DMI used to run the simulation. We then apply our method to determine the thickness-dependent DMI in two experimental materials, one with (${[\mathrm{Pt}(2.5--7.5\phantom{\rule{0.28em}{0ex}}\mathrm{nm})/{\mathrm{Co}}_{60}{\mathrm{Fe}}_{20}{\mathrm{B}}_{20}(0.8\phantom{\rule{0.28em}{0ex}}\mathrm{nm})/\mathrm{MgO}(1.5\phantom{\rule{0.28em}{0ex}}\mathrm{nm})]}_{13}$) and one without (${[\mathrm{Pt}(2.5--7.5\phantom{\rule{0.28em}{0ex}}\mathrm{nm})/\mathrm{Co}(0.8\phantom{\rule{0.28em}{0ex}}\mathrm{nm})/\mathrm{Pt}(1.5\phantom{\rule{0.28em}{0ex}}\mathrm{nm})]}_{13}$) inversion symmetry breaking. We discuss the means to obtain realistic error bars with our method. Our results demonstrate that analytical domain spacing analysis is a powerful tool to extract the DMI from technologically relevant multilayer materials.
Validity and responsiveness of the Daily- and Clinical visit-PROactive Physical Activity in COPD (D-PPAC and C-PPAC) instruments (2021)

The D-PPAC and C-PPAC instruments are reliable and valid across diverse COPD populations and responsive to pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions and changes in clinically relevant variables.
Ring-opening reactions of 1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane (DABCO) derived quaternary ammonium salts with phenols and related nucleophiles (2011)

1,4-Diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane (DABCO) has been evaluated as a starting material for the synthesis of 1-alkyl-4-(2-phenoxyethyl)piperazines and related derivatives. We found that 1-alkyl-1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octan-1-ium salts, resulting from the alkylation of DABCO, efficiently react with a variety of nucleophiles in polyethyleneglycol (PEG) or diglyme at high temperatures to give piperazine products resulting from the nucleophilic ring-opening reaction. The benzylation side reaction was found to be relevant with softer nucleophiles when using 1-benzyl-1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octan-1-ium salts, while other types of alkylations were not observed. One-pot methodologies allow for the synthesis of piperazines directly from primary alcohols, alkyl halides or sulfonates, using phenols, or other nucleophile sources, and DABCO.
Functionality and Limitations of Current Workflow Management Systems. (1997)

Workflow systems hold the promise of facilitating the everyday operation of many enterprises and work environments. As a result, many commercial workflow management systems have been developed. These systems, although useful, do not scale well, have limited fault-tolerance, and are inflexible in terms of interoperating with other workflow systems. In this paper, we discuss the limitations of contemporary workflow management systems, and then elaborate on various directions for research and potential future extensions to the design and modeling of workflow management systems. 1 Introduction Workflow management is one of the areas that, in recent years, has attracted the attention of many researchers, developers and users. For the users, it has finally made commercially available tools and functionality for which there has been an important demand for quite some time. Concepts such as computer supported cooperative work, paperless office, form processing, cooperative systems, and offic...
Characterization of a novel bifunctional mutant of staphylokinase with platelet-targeted thrombolysis and antiplatelet aggregation activities (2007)

RGD-SAK possessed the bifunction to target platelet-rich clots and to block platelets aggregation, and thus may serve as a more potential thrombolytic agent with platelet-targeted thrombolytic and antiplatelet aggregation activities in compared with SAK.
Heterogeneity enhanced order in a chaotic neural network. (1999)

Abstract. Order of the mean eld by heterogeneity is studied in the turbulent phase of a chaotic neural network. Heterogeneity means the distributed randomness of the input in each neuron or the weight in the network. The average power spectrum of the mean eld is used to observe the order and to focus on its peak sharpness. The sharpness of the power peak grows remarkably in the turbulent phase, except around the phase, due to the input disorder. One can nd the maximum of the power sharpness as the weight disorder increases in the turbulent phase. We suppose that this ordering e ect is important for processing information for actual neural networks because of the general existence of such heterogeneity. 1.
Supplementary Figure 3 from Inactivation or Loss of TTP Promotes Invasion in Head and Neck Cancer via Transcript Stabilization and Secretion of MMP9, MMP2, and IL-6 (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 4209K, Supplementary Figure S3 The CAM invasion assay was performed with GFP (green) expressing UM-SCC-1-shC and -shTTP cells placed onto the upper CAM of an 11-day-old chick embryo for two days. Tissue sections were prepared and specimens were stained with Collagen IV (red) and DAPI (blue). Images were taken on Olympus BX-51 fluorescent microscope and merged. Results are representative of 3 independent experiments. White arrows point to invasive islands.&lt;/p&gt;
A new hysteroscopic technique for reversible long-acting reproductive control (ReLARC®) as an alternative to laparoscopic sterilization and Essure® (2016)

A new hysteroscopic technique (ReLARC) for the insertion of long-term contraceptive devices is described. The procedure is conducted under direct visualization; the method is simple, safe and rapid, and is suitable for application in the operating room or the office. The method is a reversible alternative to more complex insertion techniques for hysteroscopic intratubal contraception. It is the first hysteroscopically inserted system suitable for long-term intrauterine contraception. The copperbased contraceptive devices have a duration of action up to 10 years, or longer, and are immediately effective, contrary to existing hysteroscopic methods, and have a track record of high tolerance and acceptability. Some examples are briefly described to illustrate the new method and use of the device.
Surgical Management of Moyamoya Disease (2000)

Learning Objectives: After reading this article, the participant should be able to: 1. Distinguish the demographic aspect and presentation of patients with moyamoya disease. 2. Identify the possible pathogenesis and pathological aspects in patients with moyamoya disease. 3. Explain the surgical indications and preoperative work-up for patients with moyamoya disease. 4. Recall the different operative techniques used in the treatment of moyamoya disease. 5. Describe the postoperative management and complications in treatment of patients with moyamoya disease.
Synthese heterocyclisch substituierter 4‐Piperidinyl‐1,4‐dihydropyridine durch Ringschlußreaktion an einer N‐Acylthioamid‐ und N‐Acylisothioamid‐Seitenkette (1988)

Synthesis of Heterocyclically Substituted‐4‐Piperidinyl‐1,4‐dihydropyridines by Ring Closure Reactions at a N‐Acylthioamide‐ or at a N‐Acylisothioamide‐Side‐Group A series of 4‐(2′‐methylenepiperidin‐4′‐yl)‐1,4‐dihydropyridines [ 5–7 and 9–11 ] with a heterocyclic substituent at the methylene group is prepared by reaction of the nonsubstituted compound 1 with benzoylisothiocyanate or ethoxycarbonylisothiocyanate to the N‐benzoylthioamide 2 or the N‐ethoxycarbonylthioamide 3 , transformation of 2 into the isothioamide 4 by S‐methylation, and subsequent ring closure of 2, 3 or 4 with hydrazine, methylhydrazine, phenylhydrazine, 1,2‐diaminoethane, 1,2‐ and 1,3‐diaminopropane, o‐diaminobenzene and o‐aminophenol.
Effect of Monosaccharides during Severe Dry Heat Treatment of Coagulation Factor VIII Concentrates (1994)

During product development of a factor VIII concentrate (Dutch blood banks) the conversion from unsterilized to autoclaved freeze-drying buffer caused impaired product characteristics after severe dry heat treatment (80°C for 72 h). Analysis of the freeze-drying buffers showed the presence of fructose and glucose in heated buffers, resulting from hydrolysis of sucrose. The detrimental effect of glucose and fructose on solubility, yield of factor VIII and color of the heat-treated product was confirmed by freeze-drying and heating products spiked with increasing levels of these monosaccharides. The effect of the use of freeze-drying buffers autoclaved with and without sucrose was examined in two other factor VIII concentrates, S(8) and Z8 (Protein Fractionation Centre, Edinburgh, UK). If sucrose was present during autoclaving of the buffer, a slightly lower yield over freeze-drying and 80°C heat treatment was observed. Since glucose is present as a substrate in the medium for the host cells during cultivation of viruses, its potential effect on the 80°C heated product (Dutch blood banks) was examined during the validation study of the inactivation of HIV-1 and Sindbis. The cultivation cycles for the virus inolcula were simulated and residual glucose levels measured. In the supernatant medium of the host cell culture used for the propagation of Sindbis no residual glucose was found. Glucose however was found in the supernatant medium of the host cell culture for propagation of HIV-1, and therefore small molecular weight substances were removed from the actual HIV-1 inoculum by ultrafiltration. The study of the inactivation of both viruses during freeze-drying and 80°C heat treatment was subsequently carried out without complications.
Abstract 17966: A Near-infrared Fluorescent Voltage-sensitive Dye Allows for Moderate-throughput Electrophysiological Analyses of Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-derived Cardiomyocytes (2014)

Introduction: Recent advances now allow for the routine derivation of patient- and disease-specific human iPSC cardiomyocyte (iPSC-CM) models. However, a major impediment to the widespread use of iPSC-CM assays is the low throughput of the currently available electrophysiological tools. The patch clamp technique is too laborious and the inherent phototoxicity of most voltage-sensitive dyes limits their use in single cells.

Hypothesis: We tested the hypothesis that near-infrared fluorescent voltage-sensitive dye di-4-ANBDQBS exhibits minimal phototoxicity and high precision to allow for moderate-throughput analysis of human iPSC-CMs.

Methods: We compared simultaneous electrical and optical action potential (AP) recordings in human iPSC-CM loaded with di-4-ANBDQBS.

Results: Optical APs tracked electrical APs with high precision, generating nearly identical values of action potential duration (APD10, APD50 and APD90) for atrial- and ventricular-like CMs (Table). Fluorescence from a single CM yielded interpretable optical APs (Fig A-C). CMs tolerated repeated laser exposure, with stable optical AP parameters recorded over a 30 min study period. Optical AP recordings appropriately tracked changes in repolarization induced by pharmacological manipulation. Finally, di-4-ANBDQBS allowed for moderate-throughput analyses that facilitated the distinction between atrial- and ventricular-like CM. APD50 values (n=208) were best fit to a Gaussian function with 2 distinct peaks that effectively discriminated atrial- and ventricular-like CMs (Fig D). Overall throughput was increased >10-fold over traditional patch clamp technique.

Conclusions: We conclude that the voltage-sensitive dye di-4-ANBDQBS allows for high precision optical AP measurements that markedly increase the throughput for electrophysiological characterization of human iPSC-CMs. Optical APD50 may be useful to discriminate between atrial- and ventricular-like phenotypes.

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Cerebrospinal fluid microRNAs are potential biomarkers of temporal lobe epilepsy and status epilepticus (2017)

There is a need for diagnostic biomarkers of epilepsy and status epilepticus to support clinical examination, electroencephalography and neuroimaging. Extracellular microRNAs may be potentially ideal biomarkers since some are expressed uniquely within specific brain regions and cell types. Cerebrospinal fluid offers a source of microRNA biomarkers with the advantage of being in close contact with the target tissue and sites of pathology. Here we profiled microRNA levels in cerebrospinal fluid from patients with temporal lobe epilepsy or status epilepticus, and compared findings to matched controls. Differential expression of 20 microRNAs was detected between patient groups and controls. A validation phase included an expanded cohort and samples from patients with other neurological diseases. This identified lower levels of miR-19b in temporal lobe epilepsy compared to controls, status epilepticus and other neurological diseases. Levels of miR-451a were higher in status epilepticus compared to other groups whereas miR-21-5p differed in status epilepticus compared to temporal lobe epilepsy but not to other neurological diseases. Targets of these microRNAs include proteins regulating neuronal death, tissue remodelling, gliosis and inflammation. The present study indicates cerebrospinal fluid contains microRNAs that can support differential diagnosis of temporal lobe epilepsy and status epilepticus from other neurological and non-neurological diseases.
Synthesis and hydrolysis of cyclic ADP-ribose by human leukocyte antigen CD38 and inhibition of the hydrolysis by ATP. (1993)

Cyclic ADP-ribose (cADPR) has been recently shown to be generated in pancreatic beta-cells by glucose stimulation, serving as a second messenger for Ca2+ mobilization in the endoplasmic reticulum in the process of insulin secretion (Takasawa, S., Nata, K., Yonekura, H., and Okamoto, H. (1993) Science 259, 370-373). In the present study, we isolated a cDNA for CD38, which has been reported to be a human leukocyte antigen, from a human insulinoma and expressed the cDNA in COS-7 cells. CD38 expression was observed in the plasma membrane and the microsome fractions of the COS-7 cells. When we incubated the plasma membrane fraction with NAD+ and analyzed the reaction products by high pressure liquid chromatography, the formation of cADPR was observed in addition to the ADP-ribose (ADPR) formation. When the plasma membrane fraction was incubated with cADPR, cADPR was converted to ADPR stoichiometrically. These results suggest that CD38 has both cADPR-forming and -hydrolyzing activities. Moreover, we found that ATP (2-10 mM), generated in the glucose metabolism in beta-cells, inhibited the cADPR-hydrolyzing activity, resulting in the increased formation of cADPR. These findings indicate a role for CD38 in the synthesis and hydrolysis of cADPR in the process of insulin secretion in pancreatic beta-cells.
The etching of Cu(100) with Cl2 (1985)

Modulated beam mass spectrometry has been used to investigate the etch products, surface chemistry and product desorption mechanisms for interaction of Cl2 with Cu(100). The dominant etch product is Cu3Cl3 for T&amp;lt;∼580 °C and CuCl for T&amp;gt;650 °C. Exposure of Cu(100) to Cl2 at temperatures below 150 °C leads to the growth of a copper chloride layer whose thickness increases linearly with time for exposures greater than approximately 1000 langmuirs. The rate of growth of the chloride layer decreases with increasing temperature. Temperature programmed desorption experiments indicate that the chloride desorbs as Cu3Cl3 with zero order kinetics and an activation energy for desorption of about 33 kcal/mol. The zero order desorption kinetics suggest that the quantity of chlorine on the immediate surface remains constant until the chlorine in the bulk is depleted. The activation energy for desorption of 33 kcal/mol is within experimental error equal to the heat of sublimation of Cu3Cl3 from pure copper chloride. This result suggests that etching is simply a ‘‘compound growth’’-evaporation reaction. Ion bombardment is shown to suppress the etch rate which is probably a consequence of ion-induced dissociation of Cu3Cl3 and possibly a decreased concentration of chlorine in the surface region.