gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Differential roles of stromal cells, interleukin-7, and kit-ligand in the regulation of B lymphopoiesis (1992)

Newly formed B lymphocytes are a population of rapidly renewed cells in the bone marrow of mammals and their steady state production presumably depends on a cascade of regulatory cells and cytokines. Although considerable information has been forthcoming about the role of interleukin-7 (IL-7) in potentiating pre-B-cell proliferation, few studies have addressed the possibility that multiple cytokines are involved in the progression of early events in cellular differentiation and proliferation in this hematopoietic lineage. Our laboratory previously described pre-B-cell differentiation mediated by the bone marrow stromal cell line S17. In this study, we further delineate the role of stromal cells in differentiation and proliferation of pre-B cells. These experiments show that the stromal cell line S17 potentiates the proliferative effect of IL-7 on B-lineage cells and that this S17-derived potentiator can be replaced with recombinant kit-ligand (KL). Our results further show that pre-B-cell formation from B220-, Ig- progenitor cells and expression of mu heavy chain of immunoglobulin is uniquely dependent on the presence of S17 stromal cells and cannot be reproduced with IL-7, KL, or costimulation with both IL-7 and KL. These data contribute to a rapidly evolving model of stromal cell regulation of B-cell production in the marrow and suggest unique roles for IL-7, KL, and as yet uncharacterized stromal cell-derived lymphokines in this process.
Iris recognition using corner detection (2010)

This paper proposes an iris recognition algorithm with the help of corner detection. It consists of five major steps i.e., iris acquisition, localization, normalization, feature extraction and matching. The inner pupil boundary is localized using Circular Hough Transformation. The technique performs better in the case of occlusions and images muddled by artifacts such as shadows and noise. The outer iris boundary is detected by circular summation of intensity approach from the determined pupil center and radius. The localized iris image is transformed from Cartesian to polar co-ordinate system to handle different size, variation in illumination and pupil dilation. Corners in the transformed iris image are detected using covariance matrix of change in intensity along rows and columns. All detected corners are considered as features of the iris image. For recognition through iris, corners of both the iris images are detected and total number of corners that are matched between the two images are obtained. The two iris images belong to the same person if the number of matched corners is greater than some threshold value. The system is tested on a database having 900 iris images and also on CASIA database. The algorithm has shown an overall accuracy of 95.4% with FRR of 5% and FAR of 4%.
Biological microtribology: anisotropy in frictional forces of orthopteran attachment pads reflects the ultrastructure of a highly deformable material (2000)

Evolutionarily optimized frictional devices of insects are usually adapted to attach to a variety of natural surfaces. Orthopteran attachment pads are composed of hexagonal outgrowths with smooth flexible surfaces. The pads are designed to balance the weight of the insect in different positions and on different materials. In a scanning electron microscopy study followed by freezing-substitution experiments, the ultrastructural architecture of the pad material was visualized. In friction experiments, the interaction was measured between the attachment pad and a polished silicon surface. The inner structure of this material contains distally directed rods, branching close to the surface, and spaces filled with fluid. The specific design of the pad material provides a higher frictional force in the distal direction. Frictional anisotropy is more enhanced at higher normal forces and lower sliding velocities. It is concluded that optimal mechanical functionality of biosystems is the result of a combination of surface structuring and material design.
ChemInform Abstract: TITANIUM‐CATALYZED DIELS‐ALDER CYCLOADDITION OF CONJUGATED DIENES TO BIS(TRIMETHYLSILYL)ACETYLENE. 1,2‐BIS(TRIMETHYLSILYL)CYCLOHEXA‐1,4‐DIENE, 1,2‐BIS(TRIMETHYLSILYL)BENZENE, AND THEIR METHYL DERIVATIVES (1985)

Abstract Die Butadiene (I) reagieren unter Titan‐ Katalyse mit dem Acetylen (II) zu den Diels‐Alder‐Produkten (III), die thermisch zu den Aromaten (IV) dehydriert vyerden.
Posttranslational modification of class III beta-tubulin. (1990)

The charge heterogeneity of class III beta-tubulin (beta III) during neural development was analyzed by high-resolution isoelectric focusing/two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in combination with site-specific proteolytic digestion and immunological detection. The number of beta III isoforms (charge variants) gradually increases from one in embryonic brain to seven in adult brain. All of the charge heterogeneity is due to posttranslationally modified sites located within the extreme C-terminal region of the beta III polypeptide. One beta III isoform is present in testis, the only other tissue in which this isotype is expressed. The testis beta III isoform cofocuses with the earliest-appearing embryonic brain beta III charge variant. Our results indicate that the posttranslational modifications of beta III are developmentally regulated, occur at more than one site, and are neuron-specific. The location of these modifications within the extreme C-terminal domain suggests that their function is to modulate the interaction of tubulin with microtubule-associated proteins.
Reinforcement Learning for Mitigating Intermittent Interference in\n Terahertz Communication Networks (2020)

Emerging wireless services with extremely high data rate requirements, such\nas real-time extended reality applications, mandate novel solutions to further\nincrease the capacity of future wireless networks. In this regard, leveraging\nlarge available bandwidth at terahertz frequency bands is seen as a key\nenabler. To overcome the large propagation loss at these very high frequencies,\nit is inevitable to manage transmissions over highly directional links.\nHowever, uncoordinated directional transmissions by a large number of users can\ncause substantial interference in terahertz networks. While such interference\nwill be received over short random time intervals, the received power can be\nlarge. In this work, a new framework based on reinforcement learning is\nproposed that uses an adaptive multi-thresholding strategy to efficiently\ndetect and mitigate the intermittent interference from directional links in the\ntime domain. To find the optimal thresholds, the problem is formulated as a\nmultidimensional multi-armed bandit system. Then, an algorithm is proposed that\nallows the receiver to learn the optimal thresholds with very low complexity.\nAnother key advantage of the proposed approach is that it does not rely on any\nprior knowledge about the interference statistics, and hence, it is suitable\nfor interference mitigation in dynamic scenarios. Simulation results confirm\nthe superior bit-error-rate performance of the proposed method compared with\ntwo traditional time-domain interference mitigation approaches.\n
Direct Methanol–Hydrogen Fuel Cell (2007)

We report a regime of direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC) operation. Measurements of local current show that with a lack of oxygen, the cell splits into three domains. Close to the inlet of the oxygen channel, the cell generates current in a normal DMFC mode (galvanic domain, GD). Close to the outlet of this channel, it works in an electrolysis mode and produces hydrogen (electrolytic domain). At a high rate of hydrogen production, permeates to the GD and contributes to current production, i.e., part of the GD operates as a hydrogen cell. Performance of the cell in this regime is discussed.
Modeling of Flowing Plasmas and Pulse Power Schemes for O2(1Delta) Production for Chemical Lasers (2008)

Abstract : The objectives of the research program were met. Significant progress was made in improving our understanding of the plasma kinetics of O2(1Delta) production for pumping of eCOILs. Advances were made in 3 areas: (1) pulse power schemes, (2) use of additives and (3) high pressure operation. Methods and scaling laws were developed to optimize the yield of O2(1Delta) in flowing plasmas in each of these areas.
In vitro and in vivo characterization of highly purified Human Mesothelioma derived cells (2010)

These cell cultures may provide a valuable in vitro and in vivo model to investigate mesothelioma biology. The identification of new mesothelioma markers may be useful for diagnosis and/or prognosis of this neoplasia as well as for isolation of mesothelioma tumor initiating cells.
Surface Al leached Ti3AlC2as a substitute for carbon for use as a catalyst support in a harsh corrosive electrochemical system (2014)

Surface Al leached Ti3AlC2 particles (e-TAC) with high corrosion resistance and excellent electrical conductivity were developed as an advanced support material for Pt catalysts. Electrochemical measurements confirm that the supported Pt/e-TAC electrocatalyst shows much improved activity and enhanced durability toward the oxygen reduction reaction when compared with the commercial Pt/C catalyst.
Evidence for the geographic spread of a methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus clone between Portugal and Spain (1995)

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) isolates collected during a 7-month period in 1992 and 1993 at Hospital Pulido Valente (340 beds), Lisbon, Portugal, were characterized by a combination of genotypic and phenotypic methods. Clonal identities were determined by probing ClaI digests (i) with a mecA probe and (ii) with a Tn554 probe and (iii) by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) patterns of chromosomal SmaI digests. mecA-ClaI type I was predominant among these isolates (38 of 43). Most of these (37 of 38 [97.4%]) were associated with a single Tn554 pattern, pattern E, and the majority (23 of 38 [61%]) also showed a relatively uniform chromosomal background, as indicated by PFGE (PFGE pattern A). The major clone (mecA-ClaI type I::Tn554 type E and PFGE pattern A) at Hospital Pulido Valente was indistinguishable by these molecular typing criteria from the dominant clone that had been identified in two major current outbreaks of MRSA disease in Spain (Barcelona and Madrid). The Portuguese and Spanish clones also had a common heterogeneous class 3 phenotype and identical multidrug resistance patterns. The data presented in this work support the notion that MRSA clones can spread across considerable geographic distances.
Electrical impedance tomography (2009)

EIT is cheap, noninvasive and allows continuous monitoring of ventilation. It is gaining acceptance as a valuable monitoring tool for the care of critical patients.
Three Approaches For Face Recognition (2002)

The face recognition problem is studied. Face normalization procedure is presented. Methods of face recognition such as geometric approach, elastic matching and neural networks are presented.
New Hypocholesterolemic Abietamide Derivatives. II. Synthesis and Hypocholesterolemic Activity of N-Phenyl-.DELTA.8-dihydroabietamides. (1991)

A series of N-phenyl-delta 8-dihydroabietamide analogs were prepared and tested for hypocholesterolemic activity. The effects of substituents of the phenyl moiety on the activities were quantitatively analyzed by using various substituent parameters. The activities were enhanced by the electron-donating effect of ortho and para substitutents and the bulkiness of ortho substituents. A combination of 2,6-dimethylaniline with resin acids other than delta 8-dihydroabietic acid produced lower activities than N-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)-delta 8-dihydroabietamide, abietane-type carboxamides being somewhat stronger than pimarane-type carboxamides. The conversion of the carboxamide group to other groups resulted in more or less of a decrease in activity, giving evidence that the carboxamide group is important to hypocholesterolemic activity.
THE ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF CRUDE LEAF EXTRACT OF CITRUS SINENSIS (SWEET ORANGE) (2010)

The antibacterial activity of Citrus sinensis was evaluated on bacteria strains like Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa , Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Staphylococcus aureus. Water and ethanol were used for the extraction. The in vitro antibacterial activity was performed by agar disc diffusion method. The antibacterial effect of aqueous extract showed a zone of inhibition on Escherichia coli, which was seven millimeter in diameter, while on the other organisms it showed little or no zones of inhibition ranging from 0-3mm in diameter. The ethanol extract also showed little zones of inhibition on the test organisms ranging from 1-3mm in diameter. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) evaluated on the ethanol and aqueous extracts using a two fold serial dilution showed no zones of inhibition .The results obtained in this study suggested that the extracts have low potential for use in the treatment of diseases caused by these test organisms.
Pathology, proteomics and the pathway to personalised medicine (2018)

As we move from a discovery to a translational phase in proteomics, with a focus on developing validated clinical assays to assist personalized medicine, there is a growing need for strong bidirectional interactions with the clinical pathology community. Thus, while on one hand the proteomics community will provide candidate biomarkers to assist in diagnosis, prognosis, surveillance, identification of individualized patient medication, and development and validation of new assays for diagnostic use, on the other the pathology community will assist with specific tissue identification and selection (e.g. laser capture microdissection, tissue sections for MS imaging), biobanking, validation of emerging automated histopathology techniques, preparation and classification of relevant patient medical reports, and assisting with the optimization of experimental design for clinical trials. Areas covered: Here we discuss these topics with a particular emphasis on recent publications and relevant initiatives and outline some of the hurdles that still remain for personalized medicine. Expert commentary: It is clear that effective crosstalk between the proteomics and pathology communities will greatly accelerate crossover of candidate biomarkers to personalized medicine, which will have significant benefits not only for patient wellbeing, but also the global healthcare budget. However, analysis of the big data generated may become rate-limiting.
El principio de igualdad y las políticas de acción afirmativa: algunos problemas de la dogmática jurídica y el Derecho Europeo (1999)

La finalidad de este trabajo es la de senalar que los problemas ?clasicos' de la dogmatica juridica tambien se reproducen en la interpretacion y aplicacion del Derecho Europeo actual. Para ello tomare como ejemplo de analisis recientes casos resueltos por el Tribunal de Justicia de las Comunidades Europeas en relacion al principio de igualdad y a las politicas de accion afirmativa, en concreto las resoluciones en los casos Kalanke (1995) y Marschall (1997).
Regenerative braking strategy for electric vehicles (2009)

Regenerative braking is an effective approach for electric vehicles to extend their driving range. The control strategy of regenerative braking plays an important role in maintaining the vehicle's stability and recovering energy. In this paper, the main properties that have influence on brake energy regeneration are analyzed. Mathematical model of brake energy regenerating electric vehicles is established. By analyzing the charge and discharge characteristics of the battery and motor, a simple regenerative braking strategy is proposed. The strategy takes the braking torque required, the motor available braking torque, and the braking torque limit into account, and it can make the best use of the motor braking torque. Simulation results show higher energy regeneration compared to a parallel strategy when the proposed strategy is adopted.
The chemistry, mechanism of action and biological properties of CC-1065, a potent antitumor antibiotic. (1986)

The structure of CC-1065 (Fig. 1) was determined by X-ray crystallography5,6).Prior to isolation of a suitable crystalline form of CC-1065 for X-ray diffraction data collection, a chemical degradation product (1) obtained by reaction of CC-1065 with ethyl isocyanate in pyridine was crystallized and its structure determined by X-ray crystallography".A closely related compound, PDE I (2), was previously isolated from a fermentation broth8), but is nontoxic in mice at 200 mg/kg.This is in sharp contrast to CC-1065, which is toxic at a dose of 0.1 mg/kg5) Recently the products of alkaline and acidic hydrolysis of CC-1065 have been purified and characterized').CC-1065 (NSC-298223) is an extremely potent antitumor antibiotic produced by Streptomyces zelensis NRRL 11,183.The microorganism producing this antibiotic was isolated by investigators at The Upjohn Company by screening soil cultures for agents displaying both cytotoxic activity against L1210 cells in culture and in vivo activity against P388 leukemia in mice1~3).The production of CC-1065, its in vitro biological activity, microbiological assays and taxonomy have been described1), and more recently improved methods for production and isolation of this compound have also been pub-lished3).CC-1065 has also been isolated by scientists in the USSR from Streptomyces canulus4).Fermentation broths of S. zelensis produce only very modest amounts of CC-1065 (approximately 6 -9 mg/liter)3) and precautions need to be taken by laboratory workers involved in the isolation and handling of this potent antitumor agent.Fig. 1.
The Wide Range Ultrasonic Range Finder for Outdoor Mobile Robots (2009)

In the autonomous mobile robot using ultrasonic range finders, especially in outdoor environment, the ultrasonic range finder is required to detect the object frequently at the short distance for driving control and obstacle avoidance, and to find the landmark object at a long distance for navigation system. However the frequency and the long rang measurement at same time are incompatible in the conventional ultrasonic range finder. The aim of this paper is describe about the ultrasonic range finder that processes these two opposite functions in parallel. This ultrasonic range finder transmits wave coded the pattern that is composed in transmitting patterns of each functions, then calculates cross-correlation between transmitted pattern and received signal at each functions. The experimental results show the ultrasonic range finder measures distance to the short range object frequently and the long range object at same time.
Overview of NASA GRCs Green Propellant Infusion Mission Thruster Testing and Plume Diagnostics (2014)

The Green Propellant Infusion Mission (GPIM) is sponsored by NASA's Space Technology Mission Directorate (STMD) Technology Demonstration Mission (TDM) office. The goal of GPIM is to advance the technology readiness level of a green propulsion system, specifically, one using the monopropellant, AF-M315E, by demonstrating ground handling, spacecraft processing, and on-orbit operations. One of the risks identified for GPIM is potential contamination of sensitive spacecraft surfaces from the effluents in the plumes of AF-M315E thrusters. NASA Glenn Research Center (GRC) is conducting activities to characterize the effects of AF-M315E plume impingement and deposition. GRC has established individual plume models of the 22-N and 1-N thrusters that will be used on the GPIM spacecraft. The models describe the pressure, temperature, density, Mach number, and species concentration of the AF-M315E thruster exhaust plumes. The models are being used to assess the impingement effects of the AF-M315E thrusters on the GPIM spacecraft. The model simulations will be correlated with plume measurement data from Laboratory and Engineering Model 22-N, AF-M315E thrusters. The thrusters will be tested in a small rocket, altitude facility at NASA GRC. The GRC thruster testing will be conducted at duty cycles representatives of the planned GPIM maneuvers. A suite of laser-based diagnostics, including Raman spectroscopy, Rayleigh spectroscopy, Schlieren imaging, and physical probes will be used to acquire plume measurements of AFM315E thrusters. Plume data will include temperature, velocity, relative density, and species concentration. The plume measurement data will be compared to the corresponding simulations of the plume model. The GRC effort will establish a data set of AF-M315E plume measurements and a plume model that can be used for future AF-M315E applications.
Heteroepitaxial Si/ZnO Hierarchical Nanostructures for Future Optoelectronic Devices (2010)

The synthesis of highly-ordered ultra-dense heteroepitaxial Si/ZnO hierarchical nanostructures by a simple and cost-effective approach is demonstrated. We also show, based on the same approach, the synthesis of ZnO nanoparticle-decorated Si nanowire cores and Si/ZnO conformal core-shell hetero-nanostructures. The as-synthesized ZnO nanobranches on Si nanowire cores exhibit an epitaxial relationship as (111)Si/(100) ZnO. Excellent control over the composition, dimensions, and density of ZnO branches on Si cores has been achieved. Thus, in future, this family of well-controlled, high-quality Si/ZnO hierarchical hetero-nanostructures could play a role as multifunctional candidates in the fabrication of optoelectronic devices, particularly for the development of a new generation of solar-cell devices.
7 ASSOCIATION BETWEEN REOVIRUS RNA AND CHILDHOOD CHOLEDOCHAL CYSTS (CDC). (1996)

Landing (Prog Pediatr Surg 1974;6:113) proposed that an infectious agent caused neonatal hepatitis, biliary atresia and CDC, the infantile obstructive cholangiopathies. Because Reovirus 3 (Reo3) has been implicated in the etiology of biliary atresia and neonatal hepatitis, we undertook a prospective study to determine if Reo RNA was detectable in biliary tissues from children with CDC. Infants and children undergoing evaluation for liver disease were entered into this study. Immediately after being removed at time of biopsy, surgery or autopsy, liver, gall bladder or CDC tissues were embedded in OCT compound, immersed in liquid nitrogen and stored at -70°C until analyzed. All specimens were tested for Reo RNA by nested reverse transcriptase PCR using primers for the L1 gene highly conserved among all Reo serotypes and strains. The first set of primers amplified a 497 bp segment (nt 1870-2367) and the second set amplified a 298 bp segment (nt 2041-2340). Reo3 infected mouse liver tissue was positive by RT-PCR in as little as 0.005 mg of tissue. RT-PCR for β-actin RNA was used as a positive control in all tissues. Results: Tissues were positive for Reo RNA in 7 of 8 (88%) CDC pts. (52±24 months old, mean±SEM), compared to 5 of 21 (24%) livers from pts. with other liver diseases (48±12 months old) (excluding pts. with biliary atresia), and 1 of 9 (11%) livers and 0 of 9 bile ducts from autopsy cases without liver disease. β-actin RNA was present in all tissues. Presence of Reo RNA was significantly associated with CDC compared to other liver diseases (p=0.002, chi-square test) and to autopsy tissues (p=0.0016). Conclusion: Presence of Reo RNA in hepatobiliary tissues is strongly associated with CDC in childhood, supporting the Landing hypothesis for a perinatal viral etiology of CDC.