gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Scanning tunneling microscopy and quartz crystal microbalance studies of gold exposed to sulfide, thiocyanate, and n-octadecanethiol (1993)

Atomic resolution STM images of Au(111) treated with solutions of Na2S, H2S, or NaSCN display patterns of atoms in the shape of squares with nearest-neighbor distances of 0.27 ± 0.3 nm. QCM data demonstrate that Au dissolves in aqueous solutions of sulfide and thiocyanate with O2 present. The square pattern observed is ascribed to images of Au atoms on a reconstructed Au(111) surface caused by dissolution of Au by sulfide or thiocyanate. n-Octadecanethiol/Au(111) surfaces damaged by the STM tip display a similar square pattern, indicating removal of Au atoms by the tip in a manner analogous to the dissolution process observed for sulfide or thiocyanate. © 1993 American Chemical Society.
Phase equilibrium data and methods: implication of present state on heavy petroleum fractions and coal processing. Part 2. The equation of state approach to predicting vapor-liquid equilibrium (1980)

The need to produce liquid fuel and chemical fuel stocks from heavy and highly aromatic petroleum fractions, residues, and coal poses the questions whether the existing thermodynamic data correlations are applicable and what new data should be measured. Evaluations of existing correlations as to their applicability to the conditions of processing coal fluids and heavy oil are presented in a series of 4 parts. Such evaluations are considered important in planning the measurement of new data and further research. In this part of the series, the equation of state approach to predicting vapor-liquid equilibrium is discussed. 31 references.
Catheter Ablation Versus Medical Therapy for Atrial Fibrillation (2019)

CA is associated with all-cause mortality benefit, that is driven by patients with AF and heart failure with reduced ejection fraction. CA reduces cardiovascular hospitalizations and recurrences of atrial arrhythmia for patients with AF. Younger patients and men appear to derive more benefit from CA.
Cadherin-6, a cell adhesion molecule specifically expressed in the proximal renal tubule and renal cell carcinoma. (1997)

Cadherins are a family of calcium-dependent, cell-cell adhesion molecules that play an important morphoregulatory role in a wide variety of tissues. Alterations in cadherin function have been implicated in tumor progression in a number of adenocarcinomas. Despite the increasing number of new cadherins identified, little is known about cadherins in normal renal tissue and renal carcinomas. A novel cadherin transcript, cadherin-6, was recently described to be present in renal cancer cell lines and fetal kidney, but no data on protein expression nor tissue localization has been reported. In this study, we demonstrate that the expression of cadherin-6 is restricted to the proximal tubule epithelium. This finding is critical because these cells give rise to the majority of neoplasms of this organ. Furthermore we demonstrate typical cadherin features of cadherin-6, including cytoplasmic binding to alpha- and beta-catenin. We present data of cadherin-6 expression in a series of 32 primary renal cell cancers. Cadherin-6 expression tended to vary with histology in these samples. Whereas the majority of renal cell cancers with histology-associated poor prognosis (i.e., high grade clear cell carcinomas and sarcomatoid renal tumors) show aberrant expression of cadherin-6, in tumors with a favorable prognosis (i.e., low grade clear cell carcinomas and papillary cancers), normal cadherin-6 expression was predominant. Overall, these findings demonstrate specific expression of cadherin-6 in the proximal renal tubules in normal human kidney and suggest that alterations of cadherin-6 expression are associated with progression of renal cell carcinoma.
Hydrogen Peroxide Stimulates Pigment Epithelium-derived Factor Gene and Protein Expression in the Human Hepatocyte Cell Line OUMS-29 (2007)

Pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) may have a protective role in atherosclerosis and is associated with the presence of components of the metabolic syndrome. Since oxidative stress has been postulated to play an important role in the pathogenesis of vascular injury in the metabolic syndrome, this study investigated the effects of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) on PEDF in the immortalized human hepatocyte cell line OUMS-29. PEDF gene expression was measured using quantitative real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and PEDF protein expression was analysed by Western blot. H2O2 upregulated PEDF mRNA levels and increased PEDF protein production in OUMS-29 cells in time- and dose-dependent manners. The anti-oxidant N-acetylcysteine significantly blocked H2O2-induced PEDF overexpression in OUMS-29 cells. These results suggest that hepatic PEDF levels may be elevated to counteract the effects of oxidative stress. H2O2-induced PEDF overproduction in the liver may act as a negative feedback system against vascular damage in the metabolic syndrome.
Anti-EGFR Fibronectin Bispecific Chemically Self-Assembling Nanorings (CSANs) Induce Potent T Cell-Mediated Antitumor Responses and Downregulation of EGFR Signaling and PD-1/PD-L1 Expression (2020)

Overexpression of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) on various cancers makes it an important target for cancer immunotherapy. We recently demonstrated that single-chain variable fragment-based bispecific chemically self-assembled nanorings (CSANs) can successfully modify T cell surfaces and function as prosthetic antigen receptors (PARs) allowing selective targeting of tumor antigens while incorporating a dissociation mechanism of the rings. Here, we report the generation of anti-EGFR fibronectin (FN3)-based PARs with high yield, rapid protein production, predicted low immunogenicity, and increased protein stability. We demonstrated the cytotoxicity of FN3-PARs successfully while evaluating FN3 affinities, CSAN valencies, and antigen expression levels. Using an orthotopic breast cancer model, we showed that FN3-PARs can suppress tumor growth with no adverse effects and FN3-PARs reduced immunosuppressive programmed cell death ligand-1 (PD-L1) expression by downregulating EGFR signaling. These results demonstrate the potential of FN3-PARs to direct selective T cell-targeted tumor killing and to enhance antitumor T cell efficacy by modulating the tumor microenvironment.
Early Clinical Experience with Cloth-Covered Valvular Prostheses (1969)

HODAM, ROBERT M.D.; STARR, ALBERT M.D.; HERR, RODNEY M.D.; PIERIE, WILLIAM R. M.Sc. Author Information
Small Molecule Slurry Additives for Si Alloy Coatings with CMC/SBR Binder (2019)

Sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) jointly used with styrene butadiene rubber (SBR) has become a standard binder formulation for graphite negative electrodes in Li-ion batteries. Including Si-alloys in the electrode formulation can increase capacity, however CMC/SBR binders are not optimal for this task. Other advanced binders (e.g. polyacrylic acid, polyimide, etc.) have been found to be far superior to CMC/SBR when Si-alloys are used, however such binders can be difficult to use commercially. In this study the use of small molecule slurry additives to improve the performance of CMC/SBR binders is explored. It was found that additives with a high concentration of carboxyl groups can improve the capacity retention of Si-alloy in electrodes using CMC/SBR binders substantially. This could enable Li-ion cell manufacturers to incorporate Si-alloys in negative electrodes using existing binder systems.
Polar Red‐Emitting Rhodamine Dyes with Reactive Groups: Synthesis, Photophysical Properties, and Two‐Color STED Nanoscopy Applications (2013)

Abstract The synthesis, reactivity, and photophysical properties of new rhodamines with intense red fluorescence, two polar residues (hydroxyls, primary phosphates, or sulfonic acid groups), and improved hydrolytic stability of the amino‐reactive sites (NHS esters or mixed N ‐succinimidyl carbonates) are reported. All fluorophores contain an N ‐alkyl‐1,2‐dihydro‐2,2,4‐trimethylquinoline fragment, and most of them bear a fully substituted tetrafluoro phenyl ring with a secondary carboxamide group. The absorption and emission maxima in water are in the range of 635–639 and 655–659 nm, respectively. A vastly simplified approach to red‐emitting rhodamines with two phosphate groups that are compatible with diverse functional linkers was developed. As an example, a phosphorylated dye with an azide residue was prepared and was used in a click reaction with a strained alkyne bearing an N ‐hydroxysuccinimid (NHS) ester group. This method bypasses the undesired activation of phosphate groups, and gives an amphiphilic amino‐reactive dye, the solubility and distribution of which between aqueous and organic phases can be controlled by varying the pH. The presence of two hydroxyl groups and a phenyl ring with two carboxyl residues in the dyes with another substitution pattern is sufficient for providing the hydrophilic properties. Selective formation of a mono‐ N ‐hydroxysuccinimidyl ester from 5‐carboxy isomer of this rhodamine is reported. The fluorescence quantum yields varied from 58 to 92 % for free fluorophores, and amounted to 18–64 % for antibody conjugates in aqueous buffers. The brightness and photostability of these fluorophores facilitated two‐color stimulated emission depletion (STED) fluorescence nanoscopy of biological samples with high contrast and minimal background. Selecting a pair of fluorophores with absorption/emission bands at 579/609 and 635/655 nm enabled two‐color channels with low cross‐talk and negligible background at approximately 40 nm resolution.
Adsorption, Desorption and Transport of Pesticides in Groundwater: A Critical Review (1988)

Adsorption and desorption are major mechanisms affecting the transport and fate of pesticides in groundwater. Equilibrium, chemical nonequilibrium and physical nonequilibrium adsorption relationships for predicting pesticide transport are reviewed. Hysteresis of desorption and relationships for predicting linear equilibrium coefficients are discussed.
Cooperative Control of Multiple Quadrotors for Transporting a Common Payload (2018)

This paper investigates the problem of controlling a team of quadrotors that cooperatively transport a common payload. The main contribution of this study is to propose a cooperative control algorithm based on a decentralized algorithm. This strategy is comprised of two main steps: the first one is calculating the basic control vectors for each quadrotor using Moore–Penrose theory aiming at cooperative transport of an object and the second one is combining these vectors with individual control vectors, which are obtained from a closed-loop non-linear robust controller. In this regard, a nonlinear robust controller is designed based on Second Order Sliding Mode (SOSMC) approach using Extended Kalman-Bucy Filter (EKBF) to estimate the unmeasured states which is capable of facing external disturbances. The distinctive features of this approach include robustness against model uncertainties along with high flexibility in designing the control parameters to have an optimal solution for the nonlinear dynamics of the system. Design of the controller is based on Lyapunov method which can provide the stability of the end-effecter during the tracking of the desired trajectory. Finally, simulation results are given to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed method for the cooperative quadrotors to transport a common payload in various maneuvers.
Correlation of separation shock motion in a compression ramp interaction with pressure fluctuations in the incoming boundary layer (1990)

Simultaneous fluctuating wall pressure measurements have been made under the unsteady separation shock and incoming undisturbed turbulent boundary layer in a Mach 5 compression ramp interaction. The freestream unit Reynolds number was 4 9 . 6 ~ 1 0 ~ m-l and the turbulent boundary layer developed on the tunnel floor under approximately adiabatic wall temperature conditions. Conditional sampling algorithms, a variable-window ensemble averaging technique and the VITA technique have been used to examine the correlation between pressure fluctuations in the incoming flow and the separation shock wave motion. The results show some evidence of a correlation between pressure fluctuations in the incoming flow and large-scale downstream sweeps of the shock wave. No correlation is evident for large-scale upstream sweeps. In contrast. there is a distinct correlation between pressure fluctuations in the incoming flow and changes in the direction of the motion of the shock wave. For shock tumarounds, specific 'pressure-carrying' smctures enter the interaction and are coincident with the shock foot at the time of the tum-around. The pressure signatures of these structures are different for upstream-to-downstream tumarounds and vice-versa. The pressure signatures are not only evident in the ensemble-averaged frame but can also be seen through visual inspection of individual ensembles. * Graduate Research Assistant, Member AIAA 7 Associate Professor, Associate Fellow AIAA Copyright
Supplementary Figure Legends from Blocked Autophagy Using Lysosomotropic Agents Sensitizes Resistant Prostate Tumor Cells to the Novel Akt Inhibitor AZD5363 (2023)

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Studies on the uptake and intracellular replication of Legionella pneumophila in protozoa and in macrophage-like cells (1994)

Legionella pneumophila strains isolated from different sources were tested for their host range in the protists Acanthamoeba castellanii, Hartmannella vermiformis and Entamoeba histolytica. It has been shown that A. castellanii and H. vermiformis but not E. histolytica support the intracellular replication of L. pneumophila. Furthermore it could be demonstrated that in vivo virulence in the guinea pig and the intracellular growth in U937 cells coincides with the capability to replicate intracellularly in A. castellanii at 37°C. The infectivity of L. pneumophila that had sustained a 48 hours nutrient deprivation was not significantly different from that of legionellae grown to log-phase on BCYE plates. In contrast the nutrient limitation on A. castellanii increased the amount of intracellular legionellae at the beginning of infection. An initial opsonin independent attachement stage of legionellae to U937 cells was demonstrated by scanning electron microscopy. In contrast, L. pneumophila's capability of stable or long term attachmennt to A. castellanii was shown to be inefficient.
Synthesis and characterization of CaTiO3 particles with controlled shape and size (2013)

CaTiO3 particles with different morphologies and sizes are synthesized by mixing calcium nitrate and tetrabutyl titanate (Ti(OC4H9)4, TNB) into PEG [poly(ethylene glycol)] with varying water content. Electron microscopy observations reveal that the experimental conditions, such as the temperature of the suspension, NaOH concentration, reaction time and water content, can influence the shape and size of the CaTiO3 particles. The photocatalytic results show that the CaTiO3 rectangular particles have the highest photocatalytic activity.
Summary of Historical Production for Nevada Binary Facilities (2001)

The analysis described was initiated to validate inputs used in the US Department of Energy’s (DOE) economic modeling tool GETEM (Geothermal Electricity Technology Evaluation Model) by using publically available data to identify production trends at operating geothermal binary facilities in the state of Nevada. Data required for this analysis was obtained from the Nevada Bureau of Mines and Geology (NBMG), whom received the original operator reports from the Nevada Division of Minerals (NDOM). The data from the NBMG was inputted into Excel files that have been uploaded to the DOE’s National Geothermal Data System (NGDS). Once data was available in an Excel format, production trends for individual wells and facilities could be established for the periods data was available (thru 2009). Additionally, this analysis identified relationships existing between production (temperature and flow rates), power production and plant conversion efficiencies. The data trends showed that temperature declines have a significant impact on power production, and that in some instances operators increased production flow rate to offset power declines. The production trends with time that were identified are being used to update GETEM’s default inputs.
The 30 kb deletion in the APOBEC3 cluster decreases APOBEC3A and APOBEC3B expression and creates a transcriptionally active hybrid gene but does not associate with breast cancer in the European population (2017)

<i>APOBEC3B</i>, in addition to other members of the <i>APOBEC3</i> gene family, has recently been intensively studied due to its identification as a gene whose activation in cancer is responsible for a specific pattern of massively occurring somatic mutations. It was recently shown that a common large deletion in the <i>APOBEC3</i> cluster (the <i>APOBEC3B</i> deletion) may increase the risk of breast cancer. However, conflicting evidence regarding this association was also reported. In the first step of our study, using different approaches, including an in-house designed multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification assay, we analyzed the structure of the deletion and showed that although the breakpoints are located in highly homologous regions, which may generate recurrent occurrence of similar but not identical deletions, there is no sign of deletion heterogeneity. This knowledge allowed us to distinguish transcripts of all affected genes, including the highly homologous canonical <i>APOBEC3A</i> and <i>APOBEC3B</i>, and the hybrid <i>APOBEC3A/APOBEC3B</i> gene. We unambiguously confirmed the presence of the hybrid transcript and showed that the <i>APOBEC3B</i> deletion negatively correlates with <i>APOBEC3A</i> and <i>APOBEC3B</i> expression and positively correlates with <i>APOBEC3A/APOBEC3B</i> expression, whose mRNA level is >10-fold and >1500-fold lower than the level of <i>APOBEC3A</i> and <i>APOBEC3B</i>, respectively. In the next step, we performed a large-scale association study in three different cohorts (2972 cases and 3682 controls) and showed no association of the deletion with breast cancer, familial breast cancer or ovarian cancer. Further, we conducted a meta-analysis that confirmed the lack of the association of the deletion with breast cancer in non-Asian populations.
Motion artifact detection and reduction in PPG signals based on statistics analysis (2017)

The performance of pulse oximeters is highly influenced by motion artifacts (MA) in photoplethysmographic (PPG) signals. MA can't be eliminated completely by using the traditional filtering algorithms, which results in the error in the measurement of blood oxygen, so this paper presents a new method to detect and remove MA in PPG signals. The statistics of the segmented signals are detected by setting a threshold and high-quality signal segments will be extracted with MA segments eliminated. By using high-quality signal segments to calculate the saturation of blood oxygen instead of the whole signal, accuracy of blood oxygen estimation can be improved. Research results show that quality of the signals can be distinguished by applying the proposed algorithm and high-quality signal segments can be correctly extracted despite the large MA.
Supplementary Figure Legends 1-2 from Enrichment of a Population of Mammary Gland Cells that Form Mammospheres and Have <i>In vivo</i> Repopulating Activity (2023)

Supplementary Figure Legends 1-2 from Enrichment of a Population of Mammary Gland Cells that Form Mammospheres and Have &lt;i&gt;In vivo&lt;/i&gt; Repopulating Activity
Efficient algorithms for constructing decision trees with constraints (2000)

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Central Thomson scattering upgrade on DIII-D (2002)

The existing 36 channel Thomson scattering system on the DIII-D tokamak measures the plasma temperature and density in the core region. However, with the recent interest in core peaked density profiles, coverage needs to be extended into the magnetic axis. This paper addresses the technical issues involved with extending the viewing region from a major radius of 194 cm to 165 cm. At least one of the existing seven core laser beams will be rerouted to probe the plasma horizontally instead of vertically. To do this, a rigid extension of the existing laser/collection optics tower will be built to route the laser to a nearby tangential port. A fiber bundle array from one of the two existing core plasma collection optics sets will be rotated to allow up to 10 of the 36 core channels to view along this new beam path. A new in-vessel absorbing glass laser dump must be developed since there are no appropriate laser beam exit ports. The close proximity of this laser dump to the viewing region presents stray light issues that must be resolved to allow for an accurate density calibration using Rayleigh scattering in Ar gas.
Aerophilic Electrode with Cone Shape for Continuous Generation and Efficient Collection of H2 Bubbles (2016)

Hydrogen as a sustainable and clean energy source has attracted great attention with the increasing global energy crisis. However, sufficient production of hydrogen is seriously impeded by the adhesion of hydrogen bubble to electrodes. Efficient removal of hydrogen bubbles attached to the electrode can improve the efficiency of the hydrogen evolution reaction. Following this concept, numerous approaches to shorten the adhesion time of hydrogen bubbles on electrodes have been presented, such as ultrasonic treatment and electrode surface micro/nano‐modification. Almost all of the existing solutions are based on the instant and direct release of generated hydrogen bubbles into the electrolyte, which can be identified as “Releasing strategy” accordingly. In this contribution, an aerophilic electrode with cone shape is fabricated, from which the generated hydrogen bubbles can be timely removed through efficient and directional transportation (from tip to the base). Correspondingly, this approach is defined as “Transporting strategy”. Furthermore, integrating the base of electrode with a superaerophilic sponge, which possesses excellent properties of efficiently absorbing and releasing gas bubbles, can realize the collection of generated hydrogen. It is believed that the present approach can contribute to promising applications in water electrolysis and will offer inspiration for fabricating novel hydrogen collector.
Role of Endogenous Microbiota, Probiotics and Their Biological Products in Human Health (2013)

Although gut diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease, mucositis and the alimentary cancers share similar pathogenetic features, further investigation is required into new treatment modalities. An imbalance in the gut microbiota, breached gut integrity, bacterial invasion, increased cell apoptosis to proliferation ratio, inflammation and impaired immunity may all contribute to their pathogenesis. Probiotics are defined as live bacteria, which when administered in sufficient amounts, exert beneficial effects to the gastrointestinal tract. More recently, probiotic-derived factors including proteins and other molecules released from living probiotics, have also been shown to exert beneficial properties. In this review we address the potential for probiotics, with an emphasis on probiotic-derived factors, to reduce the severity of digestive diseases and further discuss the known mechanisms by which probiotics and probiotic-derived factors exert their physiological effects.