gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
E-037 Single Center Comparison of Ophthalmic Aneurysm Treatment Using Pipeline Embolization Device Versus Coil Embolization (2014)

Introduction/purpose Aneurysms arising from the ophthalmic segment of the internal carotid artery (ICA) account for approximately 5% of all intracranial aneurysms. The Pipeline Embolization Device (PED) is a relatively new device available for treatment of these aneurysms. Here, we compare our experience with PED versus coil embolization in the treatment of unruptured ophthalmic artery aneurysms. Materials and methods A review of our prospectively collected patient log identified 106 patients who had undergone endovascular treatment of an unruptured ophthalmic artery aneurysm. Blinded to outcome, PED and coil patients were matched in a 1:2 fashion, respectively, based on aneurysm size. Matched analysis was carried out with marched t-test, Wilcoxon rank sum test, and McNamara’s test as appropriate. P-values of ≤ 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Statistical analysis was carried out with Stata 10.0 (College Station, TX). Results After matching the patients in a 1:2 fashion, there were 20 patients treated with PED and 40 treated by coil embolization. There were no statistically significant differences in age, sex, average aneurysm diameter, or maximum aneurysm diameter. There were significant differences between the two groups in length of follow up, phase of treatment, baseline mRS, presentation, and neck size. Morbidity was 2.5% in the coiled cohort and 10% in the PED cohort (p = 0.255). Note, however, that in 1 of the 2 complications in the PED group, the patient was not compliant with their dual anti-platelet therapy. Immediate occlusion rates favored coil embolization as would be expected. However, recurrences were more frequent in the coiled group (22 vs 0%, p = 0.046). Conclusions This study suggests that complications may be more frequent with PEDs, but treatment may be more permanent as evidenced by the lower recurrence rate. Disclosures C. Durst: None. R. Starke: None. J. Gingras: None. H. Hixson: None. K. Liu: None. R. Crowley: None. M. Jensen: 2; C; Covidien. A. Evans: 2; C; Covidien, Stryker. J. Gaughen: 2; C; Covidien, Stryker, Microvention.
Body Pose and Context Information for Driver Secondary Task Detection (2018)

Distraction of the driver by secondary tasks is already dangerous while driving manually but especially in handover situations in an automated mode this can lead to critical situations. Currently, these tasks are not taken into account in most modern cars. We present a system that detects typical distracting secondary tasks in an efficient modular way. We first determine the body pose of the driver and afterwards use recurrent neuronal networks to estimate actions based on sequences of the captured body poses. Our system uses knowledge about the surroundings of the driver that is unique to the car environment. Our evaluation shows that this approach achieves better results than other state of the art systems for action recognition on our dataset.
Deposition and characterization of nanocrystalline diamond films (1994)

Highly uniform, smooth nanocrystalline diamond films have been fabricated with a magnetoactive microwave chemical vapor deposition system. The top and bottom magnet currents were 145 and 60 A, respectively, while the microwave power and substrate temperature were controlled at 1500 W and 850 °C, respectively during deposition. The total processing pressure was regulated at 40 Pa (300 mTorr) with gas-flow rates of 30 sccm of hydrogen, 2.4 sccm of methane, and 1 sccm of oxygen. Diamond films obtained under these conditions have grain sizes between 0.1 and 0.3 μm, and a mean roughness of 14.95 nm. The growth rate is 0.1 μm/h. Characterization techniques have involved x-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. Both x-ray and electron diffraction patterns show no evidence of graphitic phase. Although a high density of twins and stacking faults was revealed by high-resolution electron microscopy, compact diamond grains, and clean intergranular boundaries (no graphitic phase) were observed.
Comment on 'Drug-related pulmonary problems in patients with rheumatoid arthritis' (2006)

Parotid gland biopsy compared with labial
Interactive TV and Formula One: a strategic issue for engine suppliers (1999)

During the last two years, the first experiments in digital interactive TV have been carried out, and full digital services are due to become available in many European states and elsewhere in the world within the next few years. These services will create a range of novel marketing opportunities, and Formula One Grand Prix would appear to offer significant potential in this respect. This paper reviews recent developments in the digital TV marketplace, focuses on how these may impact on Formula One, and suggests that production‐car manufacturers who also supply engines for the sport should now seriously consider taking advantage of the emerging medium.
Microfluidics for real-time direct monitoring of self- and co-assembly biomolecular processes (2018)

Molecular self-assembly is a major approach for the fabrication of functional supramolecular nanomaterials. This dynamic, straightforward, bottom-up procedure may result in the formation of various architectures at the nano-scale, with remarkable physical and chemical characteristics. Biological and bio-inspired building blocks are especially attractive due to their intrinsic tendency to assemble into well-organized structures, as well as their inherent biocompatibility. To further expand the morphological diversity, co-assembly methods have been developed, allowing to produce alternative unique architectures, enhanced properties, and improved structural control. However, in many cases, mechanistic understanding of the self- and co-assembly processes is still lacking. Microfluidic techniques offer a set of exclusive tools for real-time monitoring of biomolecular self-organization, which is crucial for the study of such dynamic processes. Assembled nuclei, confined by micron-scale pillars, could be subjected to controlled environments aiming to assess the effect of different conditions on the assembly process. Other microfluidics setups can produce droplets at a rate of over 100 s<sup>-1</sup>, with volumes as small as several picoliters. Under these conditions, each droplet can serve as an individual pico/nano-reactor allowing nucleation and assembly. These processes can be monitored, analyzed and imaged, by various techniques including simple bright-field microscopy. Elucidating the mechanism of such molecular events may serve as a conceptual stepping-stone for the rational control of the resulting physicochemical properties.
High temperature SiC power device realized by electroless plating diffusion barrier for Ag sinter die-attach (2017)

Ag sinter die-attach is utilized for bonding SiC Schottky-barrier diode (SBD) dies on Cu lead frames metalized by Ni/Pd/Pt/Ag electroless plating. After Al wiring, the assembled structure was mold-packaged by imide-based high temperature thermosetting resin. The produced devices are then subjected to environmental tests of high temperature storage at 250°C, and of thermal cycling between -50°C and 250°C. The metallization layers at the bond interface remain unchanged after the harsh reliability tests because of the underlying Pt diffusion barrier layer, proving thermal stability of the bond structure up to 250°C.
The Kennicutt–Schmidt Law and Gas Scale Height in Luminous and Ultraluminous Infrared Galaxies (2019)

A new analysis of high-resolution data from the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) for 5 luminous or ultra-luminous infrared galaxies gives a slope for the Kennicutt-Schmidt (KS) relation equal to $1.74^{+0.09}_{\rm -0.07}$ for gas surface densities $\Sigma_{\rm mol}>10^3\;M_\odot$ pc$^{-2}$ and an assumed constant CO-to-H$_2$ conversion factor. The velocity dispersion of the CO line, $\sigma_v$, scales approximately as the inverse square root of $\Sigma_{\rm mol}$, making the empirical gas scale height determined from $H\sim0.5\sigma^2/(\pi G\Sigma_{\rm mol})$ nearly constant, 150-190 pc, over 1.5 orders of magnitude in $\Sigma_{\rm mol}$. This constancy of $H$ implies that the average midplane density, which is presumably dominated by CO-emitting gas for these extreme star-forming galaxies, scales linearly with the gas surface density, which, in turn, implies that the gas dynamical rate (the inverse of the free-fall time) varies with $\Sigma_{\rm mol}^{1/2}$, thereby explaining most of the super-linear slope in the KS relation. Consistent with these relations, we also find that the mean efficiency of star formation per free-fall time is roughly constant, 5%-7%, and the gas depletion time decreases at high $\Sigma_{\rm mol}$, reaching only $\sim 16$ Myr at $\Sigma_{\rm mol}\sim10^4\;M_\odot$ pc$^{-2}$. The variation of $\sigma_v$ with $\Sigma_{\rm mol}$ and the constancy of $H$ are in tension with some feedback-driven models, which predict $\sigma_v$ to be more constant and $H$ to be more variable. However, these results are consistent with simulations in which large-scale gravity drives turbulence through a feedback process that maintains an approximately constant Toomre $Q$ instability parameter.
Coarse-to-Fine Volumetric Prediction for Single-Image 3D Human Pose (2017)

This paper addresses the challenge of 3D human pose estimation from a single color image. Despite the general success of the end-to-end learning paradigm, top performing approaches employ a two-step solution consisting of a Convolutional Network (ConvNet) for 2D joint localization and a subsequent optimization step to recover 3D pose. In this paper, we identify the representation of 3D pose as a critical issue with current ConvNet approaches and make two important contributions towards validating the value of end-to-end learning for this task. First, we propose a fine discretization of the 3D space around the subject and train a ConvNet to predict per voxel likelihoods for each joint. This creates a natural representation for 3D pose and greatly improves performance over the direct regression of joint coordinates. Second, to further improve upon initial estimates, we employ a coarse-to-fine prediction scheme. This step addresses the large dimensionality increase and enables iterative refinement and repeated processing of the image features. The proposed approach outperforms all state-of-the-art methods on standard benchmarks achieving a relative error reduction greater than 30% on average. Additionally, we investigate using our volumetric representation in a related architecture which is suboptimal compared to our end-to-end approach, but is of practical interest, since it enables training when no image with corresponding 3D groundtruth is available, and allows us to present compelling results for in-the-wild images.
CD1 Expression Defines Subsets of Follicular and Marginal Zone B Cells in the Spleen: β2-Microglobulin-Dependent and Independent Forms (1998)

Abstract We have used multicolor FACS analysis, immunohistology, and functional assays to study the expression of CD1 on B cell subsets from normal and β2m−/− mice. Two B cell subpopulations were identified that express high levels of CD1 in normal mice: splenic marginal zone B cells (IgMhigh IgDlow CD21high CD24intermediate CD23− CD43−) and a newly identified subpopulation of follicular B cells. The latter cells are unusual, because they are IgDhigh CD23+, like follicular B cells, but express high levels of CD21 and IgM, an expression pattern that is associated with marginal zone B cells. Therefore, the high-level expression of CD1 and CD21 was found to be closely associated on splenic B cells. Immunohistology confirmed the expression of CD1 on marginal zone B cells and on clusters of B cells in splenic follicles. Both the high-level CD1 expression by these cells and the low-level CD1 expression by subpopulations of B cells in the spleen, lymph node, peritoneal cavity, and bone marrow were markedly reduced in β2m−/− mice. Despite this, a CD1-restricted T cell clone proliferated vigorously in response to LPS-activated spleen cells that had been obtained from both β2m−/− and wild-type mice. This response was inhibited by the 3C11 anti-CD1 mAb. These results show the heterogeneity of B cell subsets in their expression of the β2m-dependent form of CD1. They further suggest that a β2m-independent form of CD1 is expressed on B cells that can stimulate T cells; however, this form is not easily visualized with the anti-CD1 mAb used here.
Immersion in antibiotic solution prevents bacterial adhesion onto biodegradable prostatic stents (1997)

Immersion in a suitable antibiotic solution may significantly reduce and even prevent bacterial adhesion onto biodegradable prostatic stents. Preventing bacterial adhesion may reduce the risk of UTI during the use of these devices.
Dopamine D2 Long Receptor-Deficient Mice Display Alterations in Striatum-Dependent Functions (2000)

The dopamine D2 receptor (D2) system has been implicated in several neurological and psychiatric disorders, such as schizophrenia and Parkinson's disease. There are two isoforms of the D2 receptor: the long form (D2L) and the short form (D2S). The two isoforms are generated by alternative splicing of the same gene and differ only by 29 amino acids in their protein structures. Little is known about the distinct functions of either D2 isoform, primarily because selective pharmacological agents are not available. We generated D2L receptor-deficient (D2L-/-) mice by making a subtle mutation in the D2 gene. D2L-/- mice (which still express functional D2S) displayed reduced levels of locomotion and rearing behavior. Interestingly, haloperidol produced significantly less catalepsy and inhibition of locomotor activity in D2L-/- mice. These findings suggest that D2L and D2S may contribute differentially to the regulation of certain motor functions and to the induction of the extrapyramidal side effects associated with the use of typical antipsychotic drugs (e.g., haloperidol). Quinpirole induced a similar initial suppression of locomotor activity in both D2L-/- and wild-type mice. In addition, the D2S receptor in the mutant mice functioned approximately equally well as did D2L as an impulse-modulating autoreceptor. This suggests that the functions of these two isoforms are not dependent on the formation of receptor heterodimers. Our findings may provide novel information for potentially developing improved antipsychotic drugs.
Pembrolizumab-Induced Thyroiditis: Comprehensive Clinical Review and Insights Into Underlying Involved Mechanisms (2017)

Thyroid dysfunction is common in cancer patients treated with pembrolizumab. Reversible destructive thyroiditis and overt hypothyroidism are the most common clinical presentations. The mechanism of thyroid destruction appears independent of thyroid autoantibodies and may include T cell, NK cell, and/or monocyte-mediated pathways. Because the thyroid is a frequent target of anti-PD-1 therapies, patients with therapeutically refractory thyroid cancer may be ideal candidates for this treatment.
Tuner d'antenne pour terminaux 3G intégré en technologie CMOS SOI avancée (2011)

National audience
Highly-Doped, Highly-Strained Germanium and Schottky Electroluminescent Diodes (2014)

Achieving a monolithic germanium laser source represents a major challenge for silicon photonics. Two key parameters have an impact on the laser performances including threshold, output power, reliability... The first key parameter is the germanium doping. Modeling indicates that an active electron carrier concentration of 3 - 4 x 10 19 cm -3 is requested to obtain a robust gain. We will show that such doping level can be achieved for germanium grown on silicon using a co-doping method followed by thermal anneal. The thermal annealing is necessary to minimize the non-radiative recombination processes. The second key parameter is the tensile strain present in germanium. The achievement of high or even record tensile strain values in small volumes is not sufficient for lasing. The homogeneity of the strain field within the germanium volume needs to be taken into account. We will show how it is possible to maximize the tensile strain homogeneity either for straight waveguides or germanium microdisks strained by a silicon nitride stressor. The trade-off between homogeneity and maximum strain value allows one to achieve a more robust modal gain. We will finally discuss the transfer of these concepts for electrical injection.
Treatment of peripheral neuropathies. (1985)

There are three general approaches to treatment of peripheral neuropathy. First, an attempt should be made to reverse the pathophysiological process if its nature can be elucidated. Second, nerve metabolism can be stimulated and regeneration encouraged. Third, even if the neuropathy itself cannot be improved, symptomatic therapy can be employed. This review outlines the options available for each approach.
A Randomized Controlled Pilot Trial of Azithromycin or Artesunate Added to Sulfadoxine-Pyrimethamine as Treatment for Malaria in Pregnant Women (2020)

New anti-malarial regimens are urgently needed in sub-Saharan Africa because of the increase in drug resistance. We investigated the safety and efficacy of azithromycin or artesunate combined with sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine used for treatment of malaria in pregnant women in Blantyre, Malawi.
Dopamine receptors: subtypes, localization and regulation. (1981)

Receptor binding studies with a variety of dopaminergic ligands have confirmed behavioral and biochemical findings that the central nervous system and peripheral nervous system contain several dopamine receptor subtypes. These subtypes can be discriminated on the basis of their agonist-antagonist pharmacological specificities, linkage to adenylate cyclase, cellular location, regulation by guanine neucleotides and ions, and involvement in several human diseases. Although questions remain unanswered, progress is rapidly being made in equating the subgroupings arrived at by these different experimental approaches. Dopamine receptors are regulated by a number of factors. Acutely, guanine nucleotides and some ions regulate agonist but not antagonist binding and are essential for receptor coupling with adenylate cyclase. Chronically, changes in the level of dopaminergic stimulation modulate the number of at least some receptor subtypes, resulting in "up or down regulation." An increase in receptor number appears central to the pathology of Parkinson's disease, tardive dyskinesia, and perhaps schizophrenia. Animal models indicate that it may be possible to exploit inherent capabilities for receptor modulation in clinical therapy. The therapeutic precedents set by the indentification of distinct subtypes of adrenoreceptors. histamine, and cholinergic receptors portends and exciting future for dopamine receptor research.
An Architecture for Efficient RDF Data Management Using Structure Index with Relation-Based Data Partitioning Approach (2013)

RDF data is widely used for exchanging data nowadays to enable semantic web era. This leads to the need for storing and retrieving these data efficiently and effectively. Recently, the structure index in graph-based perspective is considered as a promising approach to deal with issues of complex query graphs. However, even though there are many researches based on structure indexing, there can be a better architectural approach instead of addressing the issue as a part. In this research, we propose architecture for storing, query processing and retrieving RDF data in efficient manner using structure indexing. Our research utilizes research results from iStore and 2 relation-based approaches and we focus on improving query processing to reduce the time of loading data and I/O cost.
Heritability estimates for cognitive factors and brain white matter integrity as markers of schizophrenia (2010)

Recent genetics research focusing on schizophrenia has led to candidate cognitive and neuroimaging variables as intermediate phenotypes or "endophenotype" markers for the illness. Among other stringent criteria, to be an endophenotype, a marker must demonstrate heritability. In an effort to explore the validity of a selection of cognitive and neuroimaging endophenotypes, the present study was designed to determine estimates of their heritability. One hundred fourteen subjects, including 27 with schizophrenia and 39 unaffected relatives from 23 multiplex schizophrenia families, participated in a comprehensive neuropsychological test battery and structural brain imaging with diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). Variables were selected if they previously have been demonstrated to show differences between people with schizophrenia and normal controls. Significant evidence of heritability was confirmed for overall cognitive function ("g"), as well as expressive and receptive language, verbal and visual memory, processing speed and cognitive inhibition. In addition, significant heritability estimates were determined for specific regions in the frontal, central, parietal, and occipital areas. These results suggest that the variables chosen may be useful endophenotypes for genetic and early detection studies, although further work with larger cohorts should be conducted to show that deficits in these functions and structures also segregate with schizophrenia within families and thus fully satisfy the definition of an endophenotype. In addition, other cognitive and neuroimaging variables that were not studied here may be candidates for schizophrenia endophenotypes.
Enantioselective Synthesis of Pharmaceutically Relevant Bulky Arylbutylamines Using Engineered Transaminases (2022)

Abstract ATAs engineered for having an enlarged small binding pocket were applied for the synthesis of enantiomerically pure ( R )‐benzo[1,3]dioxol‐5‐yl‐butylamine, a chiral component of human leukocyte elastase inhibitor DMP 777 (L‐694,458). Kinetic resolution of the racemic amine was performed by using the L59A variant of the ( S )‐selective ATA from Chromobacterium violaceum ( Cv ‐ATA), providing the residual ( R )‐enantiomer in excellent yield and &gt;99% ee . At moderate enzyme loading and absence of co‐solvent, high volumetric productivity of 0.22 mol L −1 h −1 (42.5 g L −1 h −1 ) was achieved. Complementarily, the ( S )‐enantiomer was generated via kinetic resolution using the ( R )‐selective ATA‐117‐Rd11 from Arthrobacter sp . with acetone as the amino acceptor. In an alternative approach, we employed ATA‐117‐Rd11 for the asymmetric amination of the prochiral ketone precursor, which at 86% conversion gave the ( R )‐benzo[1,3]dioxol‐5‐yl‐butylamine with excellent &gt;99% ee . We further evaluated the utility of Cv ‐ATA L59A for the asymmetric synthesis of pharmaceutically relevant ( S )‐1‐phenylbutan‐1‐amine, a chiral component of the deubiquitinase inhibitor degrasyn (WP1130). The enzyme showed good tolerance to high concentrations of isopropylamine, producing ( S )‐1‐phenylbutan‐1‐amine in enantiomerically pure form (&gt;99% ee ). magnified image