gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
FUNCTION AND SURVIVAL OF MACROENCAPSULATED SYNGENEIC ISLETS TRANSPLANTED INTO STREPTOZOCIN-DIABETIC MICE1 (1998)

A relatively small mass of macroencapsulated islet tissue can survive and function well enough to normalize glucose levels for at least 12 weeks. Maintenance of glucose levels in the near-normal range seems to have a beneficial influence on graft success. The finding of fasting hypoglycemia raises important clinical questions about islet dysfunction. Important limitations in the requirements for islet packing density in macroencapsulation have been defined. New approaches for improving islet packing density must be developed to make diffusion-dependent macroencapsulation more practical.
CloudGPS: a scalable and ISP-friendly server selection scheme in cloud computing environments (2012)

In order to minimize user perceived latency while ensuring high data availability, cloud applications desire to select servers from one of the multiple data centers (i.e., server clusters) in different geographical locations, which are able to provide desired services with low latency and low cost. This paper presents CloudGPS, a new server selection scheme of the cloud computing environment that achieves high scalability and ISP-friendliness. CloudGPS proposes a configurable global performance function that allows Internet service providers (ISPs) and cloud service providers (CSPs) to leverage the cost in terms of inter-domain transit traffic and the quality of service in terms of network latency. CloudGPS bounds the overall burden to be linear with the number of end users. Moreover, compared with traditional approaches, CloudGPS significantly reduces network distance measurement cost (i.e., from O(N) to O(1) for each end user in an application using N data centers). Furthermore, CloudGPS achieves ISP-friendliness by significantly decreasing inter-domain transit traffic.
Endocannabinoids in arthritis: current views and perspective (2017)

Preclinical and clinical studies using cannabis-based therapy have been shown to provide both analgesia and anti-inflammatory effects, with an overall alleviation of clinical symptoms in animal models of arthritis, highlighting its promising therapeutic application for humans. Despite this, the development of cannabis-based therapeutics remains in its infancy, with further investigation into its efficacy and safety profile in patients still required. This synopsis reviews the various components of the endocannabinoid system in health and disease and their potential as therapeutic targets.
Supporting user interaction for the exploratory mining of constrained frequent sets (2009)

Data mining is known to some as "knowledge discovery from large databases". It is the technology of taking large quantities of data, and searching through the data looking for previously unknown patterns of information. One can see how this can be useful to entrepreneurs and researchers of all kinds. Retailers can apply data mining to find customer shopping patterns. On a grander scale, meteorologists can use the technology to identify telltale signs of extreme weather conditions, such as tornadoes or hurricanes. Unfortunately, albeit so useful, data mining has not yet broken out of its shell. There are two main reasons for this. The first reason is that the mining process is still slow, even with all the research done to optimize the algorithms. The second reason is that there has not been much work done on improving the user interaction aspect of the technology. Most of the systems created so far have resembled a black box. Input is entered in at one end of the black box, and output is received at the other end. There is no concept of human-centred exploration or control of the process, and no mechanism to specify focus in the database. The work described here provides a glimpse of a new exploratory mining framework that encourages exploration and control. In addition, this new framework is incorporated into the first fully functional prototype capable of constrained frequent set mining. A user of the prototype can specify focus by providing constraints on data to be mined, and can view frequent sets satisfying these constraints before relationships are found. The prototype also allows users to sort or format frequent set output, and to choose only interesting sets to find relationships on. Furthermore, frequent sets in our system can be mined between sets with different or similar domains, and users can choose other notions of relationship besides confidence. Combining this new exploratory mining paradigm with the faster, more efficient C A P algorithm, we have what we believe is the first in a new generation of fast and human-centred data mining systems.
Quantitative Analysis of Location‐ and Sequence‐Dependent Deamination by APOBEC3G Using Real‐Time NMR Spectroscopy (2014)

Abstract The human antiretroviral factor APOBEC3G (A3G) deaminates the newly synthesized minus strand of the human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV‐1), which results in the abolition of the infectivity of virus‐infectivity‐factor (Vif)‐deficient HIV‐1 strains. 1 – 6 A unique property of A3G is that it deaminates a CCC hot spot that is located close to the 5′ end more effectively than one that is less close to the 5′ end. However, the mechanism of this process is elusive as it includes nonspecific binding of A3G to DNA and sliding of A3G along the DNA strand. Therefore, this process cannot be analyzed by existing methods using the Michaelis–Menten theory. A new real‐time NMR method has been developed to examine the nonspecific binding and the sliding processes explicitly, and it was applied to the analysis of the deamination by A3G. As a result, the location‐dependent deamination can be explained by a difference in the catalytic rates that depend on the direction of the approach of A3G to the target cytidine. Real‐time NMR experiments also showed that A3G deaminates CCCC tandem hotspots with little redundancy, which suggests that A3G efficiently mutates many CCC hotspots that are scattered throughout the HIV‐1 genome.
A Novel Transformerless Interleaved High Step-Down Conversion Ratio DC–DC Converter With Low Switch Voltage Stress (2014)

In this paper, a novel transformerless interleaved high step-down conversion ratio dc-dc converter with low switch voltage stress is proposed. In the proposed converter, two input capacitors are series-charged by the input voltage and parallel-discharged by a new two-phase interleaved buck converter for providing a much higher step-down conversion ratio without adopting an extreme short duty cycle. Based on the capacitive voltage division, the main objectives of the new voltage-divider circuit in the converter are for both storing energy in the blocking capacitors for increasing the step-down conversion ratio and reducing voltage stresses of active switches. As a result, the proposed converter topology possesses the low switch voltage stress characteristic. This will allow one to choose lower voltage rating MOSFETs to reduce both switching and conduction losses, and the overall efficiency is consequently improved. Moreover, due to the charge balance of the blocking capacitor, the converter features automatic uniform current sharing characteristic of the interleaved phases without adding extra circuitry or complex control methods. The operation principles and relevant analysis of the proposed converter are presented in this paper. Finally, a 400-V input voltage, 25-V output voltage, and 400-W output power prototype circuit is implemented in the laboratory to verify the performance.
A Method to Separate Process Contributions in Impedance Spectra by Variation of Test Conditions (2007)

Many processes contribute to the overall impedance of an electrochemical cell, and these may be difficult to separate in the impedance spectrum. Here, we present an investigation of a solid oxide fuel cell based on differences in impedance spectra due to a change of operating parameters and present the result as the derivative of the impedance with respect to ln f. The method is used to separate the anode and cathode contributions and to identify various types of processes.
Cyclic (1R,3R)-1,3-Dimethyltrimethylene [(5R)-2-Hydroxy-5-methyl-5-(2-methyl-1,3-dioxolan-2-yl)-1-cyclohexen-1-yl]phosphonate, a Stable Enol (1995)

The title compound, C16H27O6P, was obtained from the rearrangement of the corresponding vinyl phosphate. 31P NMR experiments in solution have shown that this compound equilibrates to a mixture of three isomers in nearly equal proportions. In the crystalline state a single isomer is found which diffraction analysis identified as the enol form of the beta-keto phosphonate having R stereochemistry at atom C(8).
2‐Oxosulfonamide, II. Reaktionen von 2‐Oxosulfonamiden mit Carbonylverbindungen (1985)

Abstract In Reaktionen mit Carbonylverbindungen fungieren 2‐Oxosulfonamide nicht nur monofunktionell als Keton, methylenaktive Verbindung oder Sulfonamid, sondern häufig auch bifunktionell unter Bildung cyclischer Verbindungen. Sie können somit als neuartige Bausteine für die Synthese von Heterocyclen dienen.
Prevention of hepatitis B virus recurrence after liver transplantation (2006)

Liver transplantation for hepatitis B virus (HBV)-related liver disease has changed from a contraindication to outcomes comparable with non-HBV-related liver transplantations during the last two decades. Mainly the implementation of immunoprophylaxis with hepatitis B immunoglobulin (HBIG) and the use of nucleoside analogs such as lamivudine and adefovir account for this dramatic change. The standard of care in most centers today consists of lamivudine treatment in replicating hepatitis B pre-orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) and a combination regimen of lamivudine and HBIG post-OLT. With adefovir, a potent antiviral drug became available in recent years that allows for the treatment of patients with lamivudine-resistant tyrosine-methionine-aspartate-aspartate (YMDD)-mutant HBV. In the transplantation setting, first studies indicate that a triple prophylactic therapy consisting of lamivudine, adefovir, and HBIG will become the standard of care for YMDD-mutant-related hepatitis B. With new drugs emerging for the treatment of chronic HBV, there is optimism for new options also in the transplant setting.
Numerical analysis of ultrasound backscattered waves in cancellous bone using a finite-difference time-domain method: isolation of the backscattered waves from various ranges of bone depths (2015)

Using a finite-difference time-domain method, ultrasound backscattered waves inside cancellous bone were numerically analyzed to investigate the backscatter mechanism. Two bone models with different thicknesses were modeled with artificial absorbing layers positioned at the back surfaces of the model, and an ultrasound pulse wave was transmitted toward the front surface. By calculating the difference between the simulated waveforms obtained using the two bone models, the backscattered waves from a limited range of depths in cancellous bone could be isolated. The results showed that the fast and slow longitudinal waves, which have previously been observed only in the ultrasound waveform transmitted through the bone, could be distinguished in the backscattered waveform from a deeper bone depth when transmitting the ultrasound wave parallel to the main orientation of the trabecular network. The amplitudes of the fast and slow backscattered waves were more closely correlated with the bone porosity [R2 = 0.84 and 0.66 (p < 0.001), respectively] than the amplitude of the whole (nonisolated) backscattered waves [R2 = 0.48 (p < 0.001)]. In conclusion, the nonisolated backscattered waves could be regarded as the superposition of the fast and slow waves reflected from various bone depths, returning at different times.
Therapie mit Interferon β-1b nach Plasmapheresebehandlung bei klinisch isoliertem Syndrom (2009)

Bei Erstmanifestation mit Schwindel und während des anschließenden stationären Aufenthalts eingetretener Verschlechterung wurden nach fehlendem Ansprechen auf eine hochdosierte Steroidpulstherapie 4 Plasmapheresesitzungen mit anschließender klinischer Remission durchgeführt. Unter der Diagnose eines klinisch isolierten Syndroms (KIS) wurde eine immunmodulatorische Therapie mit Interferon β-1b (Betaferon®) initiiert, die komplikationslos und bis dato unter Schubfreiheit fortgeführt wird.
Micro-contact Resistance of Au-Au on Engineered Contact Surfaces using Gray-scale Lithography (2014)

This paper presents a comparison of Au-Au microcontacts fabricated with planar and engineered lower contacts. It compares the effects of engineered lower contact surfaces to planar lower contact surface on micro-contact resistance performance. Gray-scale lithography was used to construct 3D structures into photoresist. The structures were then etched into a silicon wafer using a Trion reactive ion etch (RIE) system. The engineered lower contact surfaces consisted of hemispheres, 2D pyramids and 3D pyramid patterns. A microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) micro-contact support structure, consisting of a fixed-fixed beam, was micromachined as the upper contact. The micro-contact support structure was used as the platform for a hemisphere shaped upper contact. The micro-contacts were actuated using an external, calibrated load. To observe micro-contact performance, the contact resistance and force required to close the contact, were monitored throughout testing. Next the micro-contacts underwent contact resistance testing to evaluate how the engineered lower contacts affected performance. Results show that the 3D pyramid design closely matched the hemisphere/planar contact data with a contact resistance of 0.7 Omega after 10(exp 7) cycles. The 2D pyramid pattern resulted in a higher contact resistance during initial testing and then ended with a contact resistance of 1.083 Omega after 10(exp 7) cycles.
New Models for Droplet Heating and Evaporation (2013)

A brief summary of new models for droplet heating and evaporation, developed mainly at the Sir Harry Ricardo Laboratory of the University of Brighton during 2011-2012, is presented. These are hydrodynamic models for mono-component droplet heating and evaporation, taking into account the effects of the moving boundary due to evaporation, hydrodynamic models of multi-component droplet heating and evaporation, taking and not taking into account the effects of the moving boundary, new kinetic models of mono-component droplet heating and evaporation, and a model for mono-component droplet evaporation, based on molecular dynamics simulation. The results, predicted by the new models are compared with experimental data and the prehctions of the previously developed models where possible. © 2013 Asian Network for Scientific Information.
Intracellular localization of Rickettsia tsutsugamushi in polymorphonuclear leukocytes. (1979)

Rickettsia tsutsugamushi (Gilliam strain) was serially propagated in BHK-21 cell cultures and incubated with guinea pig peritoneal polymorphonuclear leukocytes to study the ultrastructural features of rickettsial uptake and entry into the leukocytes. Significant numbers of rickettsiae were phagocytized selectively by these leukocytes within 30 min. About one-half of these rickettsiae remained sequestered in phagosomes but the other one-half were free from the phagosome and localized directly in the polymorphonuclear leukocyte cytoplasm. Various stages of rickettsial release from the phagosomes were observed. Once free within the polymorphonuclear leukocyte cytoplasm, the rickettsiae were preferentially localized in the glycogen-packed areas which are devoid of lysosomes and other cytoplasmic organelles. This study indicates that rickettsiae phagocytized by polymorphonuclear leukocytes can escape from the phagosome into the cytoplasm.
SO13P CYTOREDUCTIVE SURGERY COMBINED WITH PERIOPERATIVE INTRAPERITONEAL CHEMOTHERAPY FOR DIFFUSE MALIGNANT PERITONEAL MESOTHELIOMA – ANALYSIS OF 100 CONSECUTIVE PATIENTS FROM A PROSPECTIVE DATABASE (2007)

Purpose Diffuse malignant peritoneal mesothelioma (DMPM) is a rare and invariably fatal neoplasm. Some studies have shown that cytoreductive surgery (CRS) combined with perioperative intraperitoneal chemotherapy (PIC) achieved an improved survival, as compared to historical controls. However, prognostic factors for survival have not been well defined. Methodology One hundred patients with DMPM underwent CRS and PIC at the Washington Center Institute. The inclusion criteria for surgery consisted of histological diagnosis of DMPM, age &lt; 80 years, good performance status, and signed informed consent. All data were collected prospectively. Eight clinical and eight treatment‐related prognostic factors were analyzed for survival. Results The overall median survival was 52 months (range 1 to 148 months), with 1‐, 3‐, 5‐ and 7‐year survival of 78%, 55%, 46% and 39%, respectively. Univariate analysis showed that gender (p &lt; 0.001), peritoneal cancer index (p = 0.009), lymph node status (p &lt; 0.001), distant metastasis (p = 0.026), histological type (p &lt; 0.001), intraoperative blood loss (p = 0.035), completeness of cytoreduction (p &lt; 0.001), intraperitoneal chemotherapy regimen (p = 0.041), and redo cytoreductive surgery (p = 0.022) were significant for survival. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that female gender, absence of lymph node involvement, epithelial/multicystic type, and adequate cytoreduction were independently associated with an improved survival. Conclusions CRS and PIC showed an improved survival for DMPM, as compared to historical controls. Long‐term survival was associated with female gender, absence of lymph node involvement, epithelial or multicystic type and adequate cytoreduction.
The intersystem crossing of a cyclic (alkyl)(amino) carbene gold (i) complex (2018)

The intersystem crossing (ISC) mechanism of a cyclic (alkyl)(amino) carbene gold (I) complex (CMA1) is studied using quantum dynamics. A model spin-vibronic Hamiltonian is developed, which includes 10 excited states and two important nuclear degrees of freedom. The quantum dynamics reveals that ISC from S<sub>1</sub> → T<sub>1</sub> occurs on the tens of picosecond time scale, consistent with recent experiments. It is driven by motion along the torsional degree of freedom of the carbazole (Cz) ligand, which causes orthogonality between the donor and acceptor groups closing the gap between the initial (S<sub>1</sub>) and final (T<sub>1</sub>) states. The role of higher triplet states through spin-vibronic interactions is also discussed. Although previous calculations, evaluated in the Condon approximation, yield large ISC rates, our present dynamical treatment, taking into account the large amplitude torsional motion, increases the calculated rate by an order of magnitude improving the agreement with experiments. The model spin-vibronic Hamiltonian developed can also be used to understand the properties of related linear metal carbene compounds, facilitating molecular design.
ChemInform Abstract: Charge Reversal of Electrophilic π‐Allylpalladium Intermediates. Carbonyl Allylation by Allylic Acetates with PdCl2(PhCN)2‐SnCl2. (1988)

Abstract Reaction of the allylic acetates (I), (IV), and (VI) with the aldehydes (II) in the presence of the catalytic system mentioned in the title yields the homoallylic alcohols (III) or (V).
The European XFEL LLRF System (2012)

The European X-Ray free electron laser accelerator consists of 808 superconducting cavities grouped in 25 RF stations. The challenges associated with the size and complexity of this accelerator require a high-precision, modular and scalable low level RF (LLRF) system. The Micro TCA technology (MTCA.4) was chosen to support this system and adapted for RF standards. State-of-the-art hardware development in close collaboration with the industry allowed for the system continuity and maintainability. The complete LLRF system design is now in its final phase and the designed hardware was installed and commissioned at FLASH. The MTCA.4 LLRF architecture and system performance results will be shown. Operation strategies and future automation algorithms for performance optimization will also be presented in this paper. Copyright © 2012 by IEEE.
Prolonged Suppression of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 (HIV‐1) Viremia in Persons with Advanced Disease Results in Enhancement of CD4 T Cell Reactivity to Microbial Antigens but Not to HIV‐1 Antigens (1999)

CD4 T cell responses were studied for >2 years in 27 zidovudine-experienced patients with advanced human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection who received triple combination drug therapy with indinavir, zidovudine and lamivudine or zidovudine plus lamivudine or zidovudine alone for 24-42 weeks before switching to the three-drug therapy. Subjects initially given the three drugs had viremia suppressed to undetectable levels and increases in T cell proliferative and cytokine responses to microbial antigens through 2 years of follow-up. Patients receiving the triple-drug therapy after either indinavir or zidovudine-lamivudine treatment had similar increases in T cell responses only if they also had suppression of virus load. CD4 T cell reactivity to HIV-1 antigens was not restored. Prolonged indinavir-zidovudine-lamivudine treatment has significant but incomplete enhancing effects on CD4 T cell reactivity, which could be important in host control of microbial and persistent HIV-1 infections.
A new human antitumor immunoreagent specific for ErbB2. (2002)

This scFv is a potentially effective immunoreagent for diagnostics and therapeutics of certain cancers, both as a readily diffused molecule in solid tumors and as an essential asset for the construction of fully human anticancer drugs.
Towards a Human-like Vision System for Resource-Constrained Intelligent Cars (2019)

Research on computer vision systems for driver assistance resulted in a variety of approaches mainly performing reactive tasks like, e.g., lane keeping. However, for a full understanding of generic traffic situations, integrated and more flexible approaches are needed. We present a system inspired by the human visual system. Based on combining task-dependent tunable visual saliency, an object recognizer, and a tracker it provides warnings in dangerous situations.
Specific antibody binding to the APP672–699 region shifts APP processing from α- to β-cleavage (2014)

Alzheimer's disease (AD), a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that is the most common cause of dementia in the elderly, is characterized by the accumulation of amyloid-β (Aβ) plaques and neurofibrillary tangles, as well as a progressive loss of synapses and neurons in the brain. The major pertinacious component of amyloid plaques is Aβ, a variably sized peptide derived from the integral membrane protein amyloid precursor protein (APP). The Aβ region of APP locates partly within its ecto- and trans-membrane domains. APP is cleaved by three proteases, designated as α-, β-, and γ-secretases. Processing by β- and γ-secretase cleaves the N- and C-terminal ends of the Aβ region, respectively, releasing Aβ, whereas α-secretase cleaves within the Aβ sequence, releasing soluble APPα (sAPPα). The γ-secretase cleaves at several adjacent sites to yield Aβ species containing 39-43 amino acid residues. Both α- and β-cleavage sites of human wild-type APP are located in APP672-699 region (ectodomain of β-C-terminal fragment, ED-β-CTF or ED-C99). Therefore, the amino acid residues within or near this region are definitely pivotal for human wild-type APP function and processing. Here, we report that one ED-C99-specific monoclonal antibody (mAbED-C99) blocks human wild-type APP endocytosis and shifts its processing from α- to β-cleavage, as evidenced by elevated accumulation of cell surface full-length APP and β-CTF together with reduced sAPPα and α-CTF levels. Moreover, mAbED-C99 enhances the interactions of APP with cholesterol. Consistently, intracerebroventricular injection of mAbED-C99 to human wild-type APP transgenic mice markedly increases membrane-associated β-CTF. All these findings suggest that APP672-699 region is critical for human wild-type APP processing and may provide new clues for the pathogenesis of sporadic AD.