gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Design of Radial Power Combiners Based on TE 01 Circular Waveguide Mode (2019)

Modern microwave and millimeter-wave systems require high-power amplifiers in very diverse fields such as communications or plasma physics. Although amplification technology has significantly evolved in the last decades, a single module is not enough for achieving the required power level. The solution in this case is the combination of several individual modules with power combiners. In this chapter, this concept is shown with two E-plane radial power combiners, both carrying a high-power signal with the circular waveguide TE01 mode. The first design is a 16-way Ku-band combiner with an excellent experimental performance: return loss better than 30 dB, with a balance for the amplitudes of ±0.15 dB and ±2.5o for the phases, in a 16.7% fractional bandwidth (2 GHz centered at 12 GHz), and efficiency better than 95% in this band. The second design is a 5-way W-band combiner, showing excellent characteristics as well: the experimental prototype has a return loss better than 20 dB, with a balance for the amplitudes of ±0.4 dB and ±3.5o for the phases, in a 12.8% fractional bandwidth (12 GHz centered at 94 GHz), and efficiency better than 85% in this whole band. The experimental results obtained in both designs are the state of the art in the area of radial power combiners.
Limbed Excursion Mechanical Utility Rover: LEMUR II (2002)

The assembly inspection, and maintenance requirements of permanent installations in space demand robotic agents that provide a high level of operational flexibility relative to the mass and volume of the robotic system.
Coherent perfect absorption in an all-dielectric metasurface (2016)

We design and analyze an ultra-thin metasurface consists of mono-layer all-dielectric fishnet structure. It is demonstrated that coherent perfect absorption (CPA) can be achieved in such a metasurface, and the coherent absorptivity is controllable from 0.38% to 99.85% by phase modulation. The angular selectivity of the metasurface shows the feasibility of CPA in oblique incidence circumstances, where the CPA frequency splits into two frequency bands for TE and TM polarizations. Further study reveals that while retaining CPA, the CPA frequency of the metasurface can be manipulated from 8.56 to 13.47 GHz by solely adjusting the thickness of the fishnet metasurface.
The rabbit brachial plexus as a model for nerve injury and repair Part 1: Anatomic study of the biceps and triceps innervation (2019)

The overall structure of rabbit brachial plexus is described and innervation of the biceps and triceps is described in detail. This anatomic investigation will form the basis of a future brachial plexus model of injury and repair.
The design of a distributed kernel (1981)

The design of a distributed kernel for a multi-processor machine is described that combines the advantages of a shared centralized kernel with the efficiency of separate kernels per processor. The base machine architecture is a star network of microcomputer modules with a minicomputer as the central node, implemented using off-the-shelf hardware. The kernel implements a uniform, location transparent model of processes communicating via messages. Preliminary measurements are given for the message-passing times.
"Product Intervention as a Macroprudential Tool: the Case of Catastrophe Bonds" (2019)

One effect of the financial crisis of 2007-2009 was to jump-start a<br/>focus on macroprudential supervision, a supervisory approach which<br/>adopts a bird’s-eye view in assessing and addressing systemic threats to<br/>financial stability. In addition to the threats to the financial system<br/>posed by the financial reach and exposure of large systemically relevant<br/>corporations, threats can also come from broader financial activity such<br/>as the design and distribution of innovative financial products within<br/>financial markets. Thus, product intervention powers may be useful in<br/>the future to financial supervisors attempting to address systemic risk<br/>deriving from financial innovation and growth. The utility of product<br/>intervention can be demonstrated by using the catastrophe bond markets<br/>as a case study.<br/>Extreme climate-related events are increasing in magnitude and frequency as a result of climate change and consequent losses are likewise<br/>increasing. The need to transfer these risks is leading to a growth in<br/>demand for insurance and the demand is beginning to exceed the capacity of traditional insurance and reinsurance. This has led to a type of<br/>beneficial financial innovation—the creation of instruments which<br/>transfer these catastrophe risks to the capital markets. The prevalence of<br/>catastrophe bonds in the financial markets is therefore growing, with the<br/>number of issues increasing steadily year-on-year. On the back of this, a<br/>number of catastrophe-linked derivatives are beginning to be traded in<br/>the markets. This Article argues that a number of features of the design<br/>and distribution of these financial instruments may render them systemically relevant in the future. This is so particularly in view of the potential for significant common exposures to develop, which, should widespread and significant losses occur, may engender panic in the<br/>financial markets. It also argues that the right way to address these<br/>systemic risks may be through the exercise of product intervention powers<br/>rather than by other regulatory means. Accordingly, this Article assesses<br/>the extent to which such powers, derived from the laws of the United<br/>Kingdom and the European Union, can be exercised for the achievement<br/>of macroprudential goals. More broadly, it analyzes what lessons can be<br/>learned from this case study about product intervention as a<br/>macroprudential tool to prevent or mitigate the build-up of systemic risk<br/>to financial stability.
Repository Layout and Required Ventilation Trade Studies in Clay/Shale using the DSEF Thermal Analytical Model (2013)

Abstract not provided.
Eastman Color High-Speed Negative Film 5293 (1982)

Eastman color high-speed negative film 5293/7293 has an exposure index of 250 and wide exposure latitude. This new film is designed to complement Eastman color negative film 5247, thus extending the creative freedom of the cinematographer in special applications where additional lighting is difficult, uneconomical, or undesirable. The sensitometric characteristics, image structure, color rendition, and performance of the new film are discussed.
The Influence of Functional Carrier Particles (FCPs) on the Molecular Transport Rate Through the Reconstructed Bronchial Mucus: In Vitro Studies (2014)

Mass transfer of deposited drug particles in the human lungs is an important factor in the effective drug delivery by inhalation. This study is focused on the basic research related to the possible acceleration of drug penetration toward the intended site of action through the barrier created by mucus layer. It is proposed that beneficial effect can be obtained by altering the mucus structure by inhaled functional carrier particles (FCPs) which are used to enhance pulmonary delivery of aerosolized powder drugs and simultaneously contain mucolytics (e.g., N-acetylcysteine: NAC). The FCPs were prepared by an optimized spray-drying technique and tested regarding their influence on the rheology of the reconstructed bronchial mucus and the transport rate of model drugs (Rhodamine B and Disodium Cromoglycate). The results indicate that the viscosity of mucus with high mucin concentration (i.e., reflecting a disease is reduced by up to 42 % depending on the concentration of added FCPs what is similar to the effect of pure NAC. Simultaneously, the effective diffusion coefficient $$D_\mathrm{eff}$$ of the model drug through the mucus increased from $$23\times 10^{-7}$$ (pure mucus) to $$42\times 10^{-7} \hbox {cm}^{2}/\hbox {s}$$ (mucus modified by FCPs), and it was comparable to the effect obtained with pure NAC $$(51\times 10^{-7}\hbox {cm}^{2}/\hbox {s})$$ . The results confirm that using mucolytics incorporated into powder particles (drug carriers) may be used to enhance mass transfer of inhaled aerosol drugs across the bronchial mucus layer.
Antiproliferative effects of abietane diterpenoids isolated from Hyptis martiusii Benth (Labiatae). (2004)

Two abietane diterpenes were isolated from a hexane extract of Hyptis martiusii roots and identified as carnasol 11,14-dihidroxy-8,11,13-abietatrien-7-one. These compounds were tested for their antiproliferative effects on tumor cell lines using 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide and on the sea urchin egg development. Both compounds displayed cytotoxic activity against tumor cell lines, but only carnasol was able to inhibit the sea urchin egg cleavages.
Object-based touch manipulation for remote guidance of physical tasks (2014)

This paper presents a spatial multi-touch system for the remote guidance of physical tasks that uses semantic information about the physical properties of the environment. It enables a remote expert to observe a video feed of the local worker's environment and directly specify object movements via a touch display. Visual feedback for the gestures is displayed directly in the local worker's physical environment with Spatial Augmented Reality and observed by the remote expert through the video feed. A virtual representation of the physical environment is captured with a Kinect that facilitates the context-based interactions. We evaluate two methods of remote worker interaction, object-based and sketch-based, and also investigate the impact of two camera positions, top and side, for task performance. Our results indicate translation and aggregate tasks could be more accurately performed via the object based technique when the top-down camera feed was used. While, in the case of the side on camera view, sketching was faster and rotations were more accurate. We also found that for object-based interactions the top view was better on all four of our measured criteria, while for sketching no significant difference was found between camera views.
Electron-impact excitation of the12S→22S+22Plevels of atomic hydrogen at 30, 40, 50, 54.4, and 100 eV (1999)

Normalized experimental differential cross sections for the electron impact excitation of the $1{}^{2}\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{S}2{}^{2}S+2{}^{2}P$ levels of H at 30, 40, 50, 54.4, and 100 eV incident energies are presented. Ratios of scattering intensities of electrons incident on a target mixture of H and He and having excited the H $(n=2)$ and He $(n=2)$ levels are measured using electron-energy-loss spectroscopy. These intensity ratios are normalized to available, accurate, experimental excitation differential cross sections for He $(n=2)$ [except at 54.4 eV, where theoretical He $(n=2)$ differential cross sections are used] to obtain relative differential cross sections for electron impact excitation of the H $(n=2)$ manifold. The relative H $(n=2)$ differential cross sections are placed on an absolute scale by determining the H/He mixture ratio using energy-loss spectra taken at 200 eV and 25\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{} scattering angle, and normalizing to accurate theoretical H $(n=2)$ and He $(n=2)$ differential cross sections at this energy and scattering angle. Comparisons with available calculations and measurements are made.
Self-directed down-regulation of auditory cortex activity mediated by real-time fMRI neurofeedback augments attentional processes, resting cerebral perfusion, and auditory activation (2019)

In this work, we investigated the use of real-time functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) with neurofeedback training (NFT) to teach volitional down-regulation of the auditory cortex (AC) using directed attention strategies as there is a growing interest in the application of fMRI-NFT to treat neurologic disorders. Healthy participants were separated into two groups: the experimental group received real feedback regarding activity in the AC; the control group was supplied sham feedback yoked from a random participant in the experimental group and matched for fMRI-NFT experience. Each participant underwent five fMRI-NFT sessions. Each session contained 2 neurofeedback runs where participants completed alternating blocks of "rest" and "lower" conditions while viewing a continuously-updated bar representing AC activation and listening to continuous noise. Average AC deactivation was extracted from each closed-loop neuromodulation run and used to quantify the control over AC (AC control), which was found to significantly increase across training in the experimental group. Additionally, behavioral testing was completed outside of the MRI on sessions 1 and 5 consisting of a subjective questionnaire to assess attentional control and two quantitative tests of attention. No significant changes in behavior were observed; however, there was a significant correlation between changes in AC control and attentional control. Also, in a neural assessment before and after fMRI-NFT, AC activity in response to continuous noise stimulation was found to significantly decrease across training while changes in AC resting perfusion were found to be significantly greater in the experimental group. These results may be useful in formulating effective therapies outside of the MRI, specifically for chronic tinnitus which is often characterized by hyperactivity of the primary auditory cortex and altered attentional processes. Furthermore, the modulation of attention may be useful in developing therapies for other disorders such as chronic pain.
The role of IL-31 in skin barrier formation (2015)

The skin is the largest organ in the human body and its major function is to protect from harmful environmental influences and to prevent dehydration. It forms the first barrier against biological, chemical and physical stress. Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a relapsing inflammatory skin disease. Hallmarks of AD are pruritic, eczematous erythematous plaques resulting in reduced skin barrier function, increasing transepidermal water loss and, affected by this, dry skin. AD commonly begins in early childhood and affects 10-20% of children and 1-3% of adults in industrialized countries. AD patients show significant higher levels of IL-31 in serum and increased IL31 mRNA levels in lesional skin samples. These higher levels are correlated with serum IgE, disease severity, and subjective itch intensity. In previous work it was observed that IL-31 interferes with keratinocyte differentiation and proliferation. The differentiation defect was associated with a profound repression of terminal differentiation markers, including filaggrin, an essential factor for skin barrier formation, and a reduced lipid envelope. To identify its molecular targets, IL-31-dependent gene expression was determined in 3-dimensional organotypic skin models in this work. IL-31 regulated genes were involved in the formation of an intact physical skin barrier. Many of these genes were poorly induced during differentiation as a consequence of IL-31 treatment, resulting in increased penetrability to allergens and irritants. Furthermore studies employing cell-sorted skin equivalents in SCID / NOD mice demonstrated enhanced transepidermal water loss following subcutaneous administration of IL-31. The IL-1 cytokine network was identified as a downstream effector of IL-31 signaling. Anakinra, an IL-1 receptor antagonist, blocked the IL-31 effects on skin differentiation. In addition to the effects on the physical barrier, IL-31 stimulated the expression of antimicrobial peptides. This was evident already at low doses of IL-31, which were insufficient to interfere with the physical barrier. Moreover IL-31 induced the expression and release of the itch mediator TSLP in human 3-dimensional organotypic skin models.Together these findings demonstrated that IL-31 affects keratinocyte differentiation in multiple ways and that the IL-1 cytokine network is a major downstream effector of IL-31 signaling in deregulating the physical skin barrier. Therefore when targeting IL-31 for therapeutic purposes it needs to be considered that low doses of IL-31 promote the antimicrobial barrier and thus a complete inhibition of IL-31 signaling may be undesirable.
Waveguide modes of hollow photonic-crystal fibers (2002)

Waveguide modes of microstructure fibers with a hollow core and a two-dimensionally periodic cladding are studied experimentally and theoretically. The spectrum of modes guided in the hollow core of these fibers displays isolated maxima, indicating that waveguiding is supported due to the high reflectivity of the fiber cladding within photonic band gaps. The main properties of the spectrum of modes guided in a hollow core of a photonic-crystal fiber and radiation intensity distribution in these modes are qualitatively explained in terms of the model of a periodic coaxial waveguide.
Flutter of multibay panels at high supersonic speeds (1964)

Abstract : The flutter of two-dimensional panels of finite and infinite length on multiple simple supports in the streamwise direction was investigated theoretically under the assumptions that the system is adequately described by classical small deflection plate theory and quasi-steady, supersonic aerodynamic theory. No further physical and/or mathematical approximations are made and a solution is effected by the method employed by Hedgepeth, Houbolt, and Movchan for the one bay (two supports) configuration. Specific numerical results are obtained for the one, two, three, four, five and six bay cases as well as the infinite bay case with motion of arbitrary spatial periodicity. (Author)
A Unique Bridging Dichromate Ligand in [Mn2(Cr2O7)2(bpy)4] (bpy = 2,2'-Bipyridine) (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA Unique Bridging Dichromate Ligand in [Mn2(Cr2O7)2(bpy)4] (bpy = 2,2'-Bipyridine)Bakul C. Dave and Roman S. CzernuszewiczCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1994, 33, 5, 847–848Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic00083a003https://doi.org/10.1021/ic00083a003research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views81Altmetric-Citations15LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
A mass spectrometric investigation of the water‐soluble oligomers remaining after the emulsion polymerization of methyl methacrylate (1995)

Abstract A “surfactant‐free” emulsion polymerization of methyl methacrylate was conducted at 80°C with ammonium persulfate initiator. The water‐soluble MMA‐based oligomers re‐maining were isolated and analyzed both as‐produced and after hydrolysis. NMR analysis revealed that the mole ratio of MMA repeat units to sulfate end groups in the former is 6.5. Matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry and gel permeation chromatography both showed that the mean number of MMA repeat units comprising the extracted material is 8–9. The hydrolysis procedure rids the oligomers of their terminal groups and converts some of the methyl ester groups to acid, greatly sim‐plifying the mass spectrum. This appears to be the first direct measurement of “surfactants” produced in situ from monomer and persulfate initiator. © 1995 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Inc.
Design of flexible proton beam imaging energy spectrometers (PROBIES) (2021)

Abstract A simple repeating step-filtered structure has been designed and deployed for the detection of MeV-energy proton beams produced from high-intensity short-pulse laser-driven experiments. Due to the diagnostic’s ability to recover energy-resolved images of proton beams, it is called the proton beam imager and energy spectrometer (or PROBIES). The flexible design has two useful applications. First, it can be fielded in a configuration with a scintillator and imaging setup in order to collect proton beam information in high-repetition rate experiments. Here we show a configuration that collects the equivalent of a nine-film radiochromic film (RCF) stack, and a technique for using a neural network (NN) to rapidly analyze the images on millisecond time-scales. Second, when using RCF stacks as the detector, the energy resolution capability is greatly increased compared to traditional RCF stacks, while simultaneously reducing the total number of films required to make each measurement. We demonstrate a configuration that provides up to 90 spatially- and energy-resolved datapoints using just ten films. Both designs presented here can be easily customized for anticipated experimental outputs and manufactured at low cost. Such designs allow for rapid prototyping using modern high-accuracy 3D printers or on-demand computer numerical control machining to reduce the reliance on time-consuming film media, analysis, or bulky electro-magnetically dispersing spectrometers. The analysis of data is discussed and a methodology for constructing a NN that is capable of rapidly analyzing data on-the-fly with greater than 95% accuracy is presented.
Predicting High Explosive Detonation Velocities from their composition and structure (1979)

Abstract A simple, empirical linear relationship between detonation velocity at theoretical maximum density and a factor, F, that is dependent solely upon chemical composition and structure is postulated for a gamut of ideal explosives. The explosives ranged from nitroaromatics, cyclic and linear nitramines, nitrate esters and nitro‐nitrato aliphatics to zero hydrogen explosives, carbonless explosives and hydrogen rich explosives. Of the 64 explosives evaluated, 95% had calculated detonation velocity values within 5% of experimental and 98% within 7%. Only nitromethan varied grossly (−; 13%) from calculated velocity and the absolute error for all explosives is ±2.3%.
Highly manufacturable 1T1C 4 Mb FRAM with novel sensing scheme (2003)

A novel sensing scheme using a gate-oxide reference cell is developed for achieving high yield of 1T1C FRAM. The sensing scheme generates highly uniform and fatigue-free reference level, and thus provides a reliable sensing margin. A novel technology to evaluate charge distribution of all memory cells is used for identifying the root causes of bit failure which are most critical factor for yield loss. Using this technology, hydrogen damage and etching damage are found to be the major loss factors. By eliminating the etch-damage with wet treatment and by using robust hydrogen-barrier, a wide sensing window, /spl Delta/Qref=74 fC, was achieved for highly manufacturable FRAM.