gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Copper Metabolism,ATP7AandMenkes Disease (2015)

Abstract ATP7A is an ATP‐driven copper transport protein that plays an essential role in human health. ATP7A is critically involved in dietary copper uptake in the intestine. In addition, ATP7A delivers copper to numerous copper‐dependent enzymes within the secretory pathway and facilitates copper transfer to the brain. Inactivating mutations in ATP7A are associated with severe and often lethal pathologies, such as Menkes disease, occipital horn syndrome, and distal motor neuropathy. Genetic and biochemical studies have demonstrated that disease‐causing mutations disrupt ATP7A in many ways, including disruption of biosynthesis, impairment of stability, inactivation of copper transport activity and disturbance of trafficking behaviour. Cellular studies also indicate that ATP7A is a subject of complex regulation. Despite significant progress in the characterisation of ATP7A's function, cell‐specific regulation of this transporter remains poorly understood. Many aspects of pathologies caused by mutations in ATP7A require further in depth studies. Key Concepts Copper is the third most abundant trace element in the body, after iron and zinc, and it is required for normal function of important copper‐dependent enzymes. Copper deficiency is detrimental to the development and function of many organs especially the central nervous system. Precise regulation of intracellular copper levels is vitally important because, although essential, excess copper has detrimental effects on metabolism. Several transporter molecules and carrier proteins are involved in regulating copper homeostasis. ATP7A is a member of a large family of P‐type ATPases. These ATP‐utilising membrane proteins pump ions across cellular membranes against a concentration gradient. ATP7A is involved in the delivery of copper to cuproenzymes in the secretory pathway and in the export of surplus copper from cells. Genetic defects in ATP7A leads to the X‐linked recessive Menkes disease. Menkes disease is a multi‐systemic lethal disorder, marked by neurodegenerative symptoms and connective tissue manifestations. Most of the clinical features of Menkes disease can be explained by deficiency of various copper‐dependent enzymes. ATP7A mutations vary from single nucleotide changes to microscopically detectable chromosome abnormalities. Ultimate diagnostic proof of Menkes disease is the demonstration of the molecular defect in ATP7A . Menkes disease patients show progressive deterioration of brain function. Administration of copper‐histidine before brain damage may slow the disease progression and result in less severe neurological symptoms.
Enhanced Performance of Organic Photovoltaic Cells Using F4-TCNQ-PEDOT:PSS Films as a Hole Conducting Layer (2010)

In this study, tetrafluoro-tetracyano-quinodimethane (F4-TCNQ)-doped poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) was spin-coated on a pre-patterned ITO glass and used as hole conducting layer materials in organic photovoltaic cells. The multi-layered ITO/F4-TCNQ-PEDOT:PSS/CuPc/CuPc:C60/C60/BCP/Al organic photovoltaic cells were fabricated to evaluate the J − V characteristics such as short circuit current (Jsc), open circuit voltage (Voc), fill factor (FF) and energy conversion efficiency (ηe) of the device. A higher power conversion efficiency obtained from the device with a concentration of 0.1 wt% F4-TCNQ in the PEDOT:PSS layer was achieved compared to those adopted from device without F4-TCNQ doping in the PEDOT:PSS layer, and current density-voltage characteristics was also improved well with incorporation of F4-TCNQ in PEDOT:PSS films.
Assessing the user's intent using bayes' rule : application to wheelchair control (2003)

status: Published
ChemInform Abstract: TUMOR‐INHIBITOREN 43. MITT. SOLAPALMITIN UND SOLAPALMITENIN, ZWEI ALKALOIDE MIT TUMOR‐HEMMENDER WIRKUNG AUS SOLANUM TRIPARTITUM (1970)

Abstract Aus Solanum tripartitum Dunal wurde über alkoholische Extrakte und deren Auftrennung auf ausführlich beschriebenen Wegen zwei tumorhemmende Verbindungen (human carcinoma of the nasopharynx) erhalten.
Recycle Technology for Waste Residue in Potato Starch Processing: A Review (2016)

Because of urgent demand for increase of food production and change for dietary pattern in developing countries, the development of potato industry has become the first among all food crops in developing and developed countries. Thus starch extraction industry plays a significant part in changing potato from a vegetable into a member of main food crops including rice, wheat and maize. While large amount of waste residue has been generated in potato starch processing, which contains various of organic materials such as protein, carbohydrate, starch et al., and brings waste of raw materials and a negative result to the environment if this waste residue is stacked outside without any disposal. This review focus on analysis and comparing of efficiency, technical requirements, economic and environmental effect of current recycle technologies for waste residue in potato processing, including bio-gas production, protein feed production and extraction of pectin and dietary fiber. Which shows that bio-gas production may have the most brilliant prospect in this field. Further research may be established in industrialization of this bio-gas producing technology, which may also contribute to future mixed culture fermentation technology, an effective way for growing energy crisis. While the other and most ideal solution lies in cleaner production: fully using of potato in food production and no waste residue will be generated.
Methods of measuring intracranial pressure via the fontanelle without puncture (1974)

It is suggested that non-invasive techniques for measuring intracranial pressure should be suitable for use in the unsedated infant and should be capable of measuring pressure continuously. Methods described by other authors are reviewed. After investigation of 18 patients the technique relying upon the pulsation of the fontanelle described by Purin was rejected as being difficult to perform and applicable only in certain patients with large fontanelles. The technique of using a modified Schiotz tonometer was examined but rejected on grounds of inaccuracy, the need to perform the measurement with the infant in a vertical position, and the varying compressibility of the fontanelle. A method for indirectly estimating intracranial pressure using a modified aplanation principle is described, and a comparison of the pressures so measured and needle pressures is reported. The possible uses of a `fontanometer' using the aplanation principle are discussed and a preliminary report given of its use to monitor the changes of intracranial pressure caused by drugs.
Kilovoltage radiosurgery with gold nanoparticles for neovascular age-related macular degeneration (AMD): a Monte Carlo evaluation (2015)

This work uses Monte Carlo radiation transport simulation to assess the potential benefits of gold nanoparticles (AuNP) in the treatment of neovascular age-related macular degeneration with stereotactic radiosurgery. Clinically, a 100 kVp x-ray beam of 4 mm diameter is aimed at the macula to deliver an ablative dose in a single fraction. In the transport model, AuNP accumulated at the bottom of the macula are targeted with a source representative of the clinical beam in order to provide enhanced dose to the diseased macular endothelial cells. It is observed that, because of the AuNP, the dose to the endothelial cells can be significantly enhanced, allowing for greater sparing of optic nerve, retina and other neighboring healthy tissue. For 20 nm diameter AuNP concentration of 32 mg g(-1), which has been shown to be achievable in vivo, a dose enhancement ratio (DER) of 1.97 was found to be possible, which could potentially be increased through appropriate optimization of beam quality and/or AuNP targeting. A significant enhancement in dose is seen in the vicinity of the AuNP layer within 30 μm, peaked at the AuNP-tissue interface. Different angular tilting of the 4 mm beam results in a similar enhancement. The DER inside and in the penumbra of the 4 mm irradiation-field are almost the same while the actual delivered dose is more than one order of magnitude lower outside the field leading to normal tissue sparing. The prescribed dose to macular endothelial cells can be delivered using almost half of the radiation allowing reduction of dose to the neighboring organs such as retina/optic nerve by 49% when compared to a treatment without AuNP.
Optical micromanipulation (2007)

Optical micromanipulation has engendered some major studies across all of the natural sciences at the mesoscopic scale. Though over thirty-five years old, the field is finding new applications and has lost none of its dynamic or innovative character: a trapped object presents a system that enables a calibrated minuscule force (piconewtons or less) to be exerted at will, enabling precision displacements right down to the angstrom level to be observed. The study of the motion of single biological molecular motors has been revolutionised and new studies in the physical sciences have been realised. From the chemistry and microfluidic viewpoint, optical forces may remotely actuate micro-components and perform micro-reactions. Overall, optical traps are becoming a key part of a wider "optical toolkit". We present a tutorial review of this technique, its fundamental principles and a flavour of some of the recent advances made.
Editorial (2011)

Americanae nace como un proyecto conjunto que surge dentro de la Red Europea de Información y Documentación sobre América Latina (REDIAL), y que ha afrontado la Biblioteca de la Agencia Española de Cooperación Internacional para el Desarrollo (AECID). Esta nueva biblioteca virtual hace más accesibles los libros digitales de tema americanista a los investigadores y usuarios interesados de cualquier parte del mundo.
Giant sponge grounds of Central Arctic seamounts are associated with extinct seep life (2022)

The Central Arctic Ocean is one of the most oligotrophic oceans on Earth because of its sea-ice cover and short productive season. Nonetheless, across the peaks of extinct volcanic seamounts of the Langseth Ridge (87°N, 61°E), we observe a surprisingly dense benthic biomass. Bacteriosponges are the most abundant fauna within this community, with a mass of 460 g C m<sup>-2</sup> and an estimated carbon demand of around 110 g C m<sup>-2</sup> yr<sup>-1</sup>, despite export fluxes from regional primary productivity only sufficient to provide <1% of this required carbon. Observed sponge distribution, bulk and compound-specific isotope data of fatty acids suggest that the sponge microbiome taps into refractory dissolved and particulate organic matter, including remnants of an extinct seep community. The metabolic profile of bacteriosponge fatty acids and expressed genes indicate that autotrophic symbionts contribute significantly to carbon assimilation. We suggest that this hotspot ecosystem is unique to the Central Arctic and associated with extinct seep biota, once fueled by degassing of the volcanic mounts.
Anti-HER2 IgY antibody-functionalized single-walled carbon nanotubes for detection and selective destruction of breast cancer cells (2008)

AACR Annual Meeting-- Apr 12-16, 2008; San Diego, CA

4904 

Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNT) exhibit advanced physical properties promising for various biological applications. Antibody targeting is an important therapeutic strategy for cancer detection and intervention. Two unique properties of SWNT can be exploited to facilitate cancer detection and therapy in conjunction with the use of specific antibodies. SWNT has very strong Raman signals that can be harnessed for cancer cell detection. SWNT absorbs near-infrared (NIR) light producing excessive heat in the local environment, which can be utilized to achieve selective destruction of cancer cells without affecting normal cells. Recently, we have demonstrated the advantages of using anti-HER2 IgY antibody in detecting breast cancer cells [1]. IgY antibody offers specific and more sensitive detection of breast cancer cells compared with commercial IgG or IgM antibodies. In an effort to improve breast cancer detection and therapy by combining the advantages of anti-HER2 IgY antibody and SWNT, we herein constructed a HER2 IgY-SWNT complex by functionalizing SWNT with the anti-HER2 IgY antibody. Using Raman optical microscope, we found the HER2 IgY-SWNT complex specifically targeted receptor-expressing SK-BR-3 cells but not receptor-negative MCF-7 cells. Raman signal from HER2 IgY-SWNT-detected SK-BR-3 cells is five times greater than that from control cells, being either MCF-7 cells exposed to HER2 IgY-SWNT or SK-BR-3 cells without exposure to HER2 IgY-SWNT. NIR radiation selectively destroyed HER2 IgY-SWNT-targeted breast cancer cells without harming receptor-free normal cells. Thus, the unique intrinsic optical properties of SWNT combined with high specificity and high sensitivity of IgY antibodies can lead to new strategies for cancer detection and therapy. [1]. Xiao Y, Gao X, Gannot G, Emmert-Buck MR, Srivastava S, Wagner PD, AmosMD, Barker PE. Quantitation of HER2 and telomerase biomarkers in solid tumors with IgY antibodies and nanocrystal detection. Int J Cancer 2007 (in press).
A Sensitive Resonant Gas Sensor Based on Multimode Excitation of a Buckled Beam (2019)

We report a new gas sensing technique based on the simultaneous tracking of multiple modes of vibration of an electrothermally heated bridge resonator operated near the buckling point. The proposed technique maximizes the sensitivity of the sensor to the change in the gas concentration and enables the identification of the gas type without the need for selective coating. Under the same gas concentration value, the reported measurements demonstrate a 200% change in the frequency in contrast to 0.5% using the conventional technique based on resistance measurements. The proposed method is simple in principle and design and is promising for achieving practical low-cost gas sensors.
Scalable systems software---A software based approach for providing network fault tolerance in clusters with uDAPL interface (2006)

In the arena of cluster computing, MPI has emerged as the de facto standard for writing parallel applications. At the same time, introduction of high speed RDMA-enabled interconnects like InfiniBand, Myrinet, Quadrics, RDMA-enabled Ethernet has escalated the trends in cluster computing. Network APIs like uDAPL (user direct access provider library) are being proposed to provide a network-independent interface to different RDMA-enabled interconnects. Clusters with combination(s) of these interconnects are being deployed to leverage their unique features, and network failover in wake of transmission errors. In this paper, we design a network fault tolerant MPI using uDAPL interface, making this design portable for existing and upcoming interconnects. Our design provides failover to available paths, asynchronous recovery of the previous failed paths and recovery from network partitions without application restart. In addition, the design is able to handle network heterogeneity, making it suitable for the current state of the art clusters. We implement our design and evaluate it with micro-benchmarks and applications. Our performance evaluation shows that the proposed design provides significant performance benefits to both homogeneous and heterogeneous clusters. Using a heterogeneous combinations of IBA and Ammasso-GigE, we are able to improve the performance by 10-15% for different NAS parallel benchmarks on 8 times 1 configuration. For simple micro-benchmarks on a homogeneous configuration, we are able to achieve an improvement of 15-20% in throughput. In addition, experiments with simple MPI micro-benchmarks and NAS applications reveal that network fault tolerance modules incur negligible overhead and provide optimal performance in wake of network partitions
A combined fullwave/network model for fast analysis and design of airborne HF loop antennas (2003)

The proposed method, based on a generalization of the /spl Gamma/-match concept, allows an almost instantaneous computation of aircraft towel-bar antenna self and mutual input impedance by a 2D electrostatic analysis and fast numerical simulation of the aircraft without antennas. Application to test cases has shown results in good agreement with reference solutions (better than the one proposed by other authors in the past). The method can be extended to the analysis of more complex antennas with loops of unequal lengths and the electromagnetic formulation can be also improved for fast prediction of the radiation diagram.
The Alkylation of Benzene with Propylene in the Presence of the BF3-H2O Complex Catalyst (1969)

ベンゼンのプロピレンによるアルキル化反応におけるBF3-H2O錯体の触媒作用について観察し,以下の知見が得られた。(1)BF3-H2O錯体はBF3/H2Oモル比0.5～1.0の範囲でHBF3OHとH3OBF3OHとから構成されるプロトン酸である。(2)プロトン酸HXを触媒とするベンゼン核のオレフィンによるアルキル化反応の場合(ベンゼンのプロピレーションを例にとる),一般に認められている(A),(B)式の機構の他に(C),(D)式によっても反応が進行することを明らかにした。(3)(C)式で生成されるエステル様物質が比較的不安定で,かつ,(D)式の反応に対するHXの触媒作用が強い時には,アルキル化の主反応は(C),(D)となる。高BF3/H20モル比のBF3-H2O錯体触媒によるアルキル化反応はこの例である。これに対し,硫酸やH3OBF30Hを触媒とする場合は,(C)式によって生成するエステル様物質が安定であり,かつ(D)式の反応に対するこれらの触媒作用が弱いため(C)式はむしろアルキル化の副反応となる。しかしこのような安定はエステル様物質の場合も高BF3/H20モル比のBF3-H2O錯体は(D)式に対し高い触媒活性を示す。
Procedure for the methylenation of olefins to cyclopropanes (1970)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTProcedure for the methylenation of olefins to cyclopropanesRobert J. Rawson and Ian T. HarrisonCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1970, 35, 6, 2057–2058Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1970Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1970https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00831a091https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00831a091research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1266Altmetric-Citations110LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Experimental analysis of the environmental contamination of electrical equipment; Analisis experimental de la contaminacion ambiental en equipos electricos (1996)

This paper is a summary of the main causes that originate the contamination problems in insulating materials. This as the result of different studies performed in experimental testing stations, as well as in transmission, distribution and laboratory power lines by the Departamento de Materiales of the Instituto de Investigaciones Electricas (IIE). [Espanol] En el presente trabajo se muestra un resumen de los principales factores que originan los problemas de contaminacion en aislamientos. Esto, como resultado de diversos estudios realizados tanto en estaciones de prueba experimentales como en lineas de transmision, distribucion y laboratorio por el Departamento de Materiales del Instituto de Investigaciones Electricas (IIE).
Nucleic acid-related compounds. 58. Periodinane oxidation, selective primary deprotection, and remarkably stereoselective reduction of tert-butyldimethylsilyl-protected ribonucleosides. Synthesis of 9-(.beta.-D-xylofuranosyl)adenine or 3'-deuterioadenosine from adenosine (1990)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTNucleic acid-related compounds. 58. Periodinane oxidation, selective primary deprotection, and remarkably stereoselective reduction of tert-butyldimethylsilyl-protected ribonucleosides. Synthesis of 9-(.beta.-D-xylofuranosyl)adenine or 3'-deuterioadenosine from adenosineMorris J. Robins, Vicente Samano, and Mark D. JohnsonCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1990, 55, 2, 410–412Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1990Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1990https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00289a004https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00289a004research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1135Altmetric-Citations69LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Functional deficits in IL ‐10 and Phosphatidyl Inositol‐3 Kinase (PI3K) contribute to the development of severe colitis. (2010)

Human IBD is a polygenic disorder with genetic modifiers influencing the severity of disease. The IL‐10 −/− mouse is an established model for IBD. We previously described mice harboring a mutation in the p110δ subunit of PI3K develop chronic colitis. The phenotype of colitis is mild in IL‐10 −/− and PI3K p110δ mutant mice on a C57BL/6 background. Moreover, we describe partial but not complete abrogation of colonic PI3K p110δ expression in germ free IL‐10 −/− mice transitioned to SPF housing. Here, we investigate whether a combined genetic defect alters the phenotype of colitis. IL‐10 −/− mice were crossed with PI3K p110δ mutant miceto create IL‐10 −/− /PI3K p110δ mutant mice. While, 4‐week‐old PI3K p110δ mutant and IL‐10 −/− mice display little to no inflammation, IL‐10 −/− /PI3K p110δ mutant mice develop severe colitis. 100% of mice developed colitis by 4 months of age, over 50% displayed severe inflammatory changes by 6 weeks and 40% of the mice developed rectal prolapse. Colitis scores from IL‐10 −/− /PI3K p110δ mutant mice were significantly higher than age matched PI3K p110δ mutant and IL‐10 −/− mice. Colonic explant cultures demonstrated increased levels of IL‐12 p40, p70 and IL‐23 from double deficient mice compared to IL‐10 −/− and PI3K p110δ mutant mice (n = 8, p= 0.05). This work highlights the importance of genetic modifiers on disease outcome in IBD and may provide valuable insight into the pathogenesis of human IBD.