gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Wideband Temporal Spectrum Sensing Using Cepstral Features (2019)

Spectrum sensing enables secondary users in a cognitive radio network to opportunistically access portions of the spectrum left idle by primary users. Tracking spectrum holes jointly in time and frequency over a wide spectrum band is a challenging task. In one approach to wideband temporal sensing, the spectrum band is partitioned into narrowband subchannels of fixed bandwidth, which are then characterized via hidden Markov modeling using average power or energy measurements as observation data. Adjacent, correlated subchannels are recursively aggregated into channels of variable bandwidths, corresponding to the primary user signals. Thus, wideband temporal sensing is transformed into a multiband sensing scenario by identifying the primary user channels in the spectrum band. However, future changes in the configuration of the primary user channels in the multiband setup cannot generally be detected using an energy detector front end for spectrum sensing. We propose the use of a cepstral feature vector to detect changes in the spectrum envelope of a primary user channel. Our numerical results show that the cepstrum-based spectrum envelope detector performs well under moderate to high signal-to-noise ratio conditions.
Multi-Sensor Surface Analysis for Robotic Ironing (2016)

Robotic manipulation of deformable objects remains a challenging task. One such task is to iron a piece of cloth autonomously. Given a roughly flattened cloth, the goal is to have an ironing plan that can iteratively apply a regular iron to remove all the major wrinkles by a robot. We present a novel solution to analyze the cloth surface by fusing two surface scan techniques: a curvature scan and a discontinuity scan. The curvature scan can estimate the height deviation of the cloth surface, while the discontinuity scan can effectively detect sharp surface features, such as wrinkles. We use this information to detect the regions that need to be pulled and extended before ironing, and the other regions where we want to detect wrinkles and apply ironing to remove the wrinkles. We demonstrate that our hybrid scan technique is able to capture and classify wrinkles over the surface robustly. Given detected wrinkles, we enable a robot to iron them using shape features. Experimental results show that using our wrinkle analysis algorithm, our robot is able to iron the cloth surface and effectively remove the wrinkles.
Ultrastructural organisation of the wood cell wall may explain some modifications undergone by fibers during pulping process (2006)

International audience
Modeling of Hybrid Piezoelectrodynamic Generators (2018)

Vibrational energy harvesters are used for collecting electrical power from mechanical vibrations and supplying low power applications. Combining a piezoelectric generator with an electrodynamic generator creates a hybrid piezoelectrodynamic generator. In this paper, a model for this hybrid generator is proposed. The model allows the accurate simulation of the mechanical and electrical part of the generator. It also makes it possible to analyze the waveforms and phase relationships of the two electrical outputs of the hybrid generator and thus simulate power management circuits and their feedback on the generator.
A Study of Zeta Potential of Plasma Sprayed Hydroxyapatite Coating in Four Simulated Physiological Solutions (2003)

The zeta potential magnitude and the duration of its changes have been thought to be directly related to the surface reactivity, the governing of osteoconductivity and availability of valuable information in determining the anticipated in-vivo performance of implants. In this study the zeta potential of plasma sprayed hydroxyapatite (HA) was evaluated in various simulated physiological solutions. For this purpose the prepared samples were immersed in SBF, Ringers, Tyrodes and Hanks solutions for 3 weeks and kept at 37°C and the time dependent variations of zeta potential results were compared with calcined (2 hr at 850°C) and as-precipitated HA powders. Furthermore, following immersion test, the coating surfaces were examined with SEM and XRD as well as FTIR methods. The results showed that in majority of solutions, the zeta potential increased in the following order: calcined, as precipitated and plasma sprayed. Moreover, the ion concentrations and types in the solutions have significant effects on the zeta potential values. Following the immersion test, the morphology of the samples were determined a function of the thermal history of HA, duration of immersion and the type of the test solution. The results indicated that the surface of the HA coated samples were unstable with significant changes in the observed charge.
Resonant controllers for flexible structures (2003)

Proposes a special type of colocated feedback controllers for flexible structures. The controllers are a parallel combination of high-Q resonant circuits. Each resonant circuit is tuned to a pole (or the resonant frequency) of the flexible structure. Experimental results are presented to support the proposed controller.
Solution‐Based Phototransformation of C60 Nanorods: Towards Improved Electronic Devices (2013)

A modified liquid–liquid interface precipitation synthesis of C 60 nanorods, effects and opportunities following an in situ photochemical transformation in the liquid state, and an electronic characterization using a field‐effect transistor (FET) geometry are reported. The nanorods feature a high aspect ratio of ≈10 3 and a notably small average diameter of 172 nm. Interestingly, it is found that a decreased nanorod diameter appears to correlate with distinctly improved electronic properties, and an average electron mobility of 0.30 cm 2 V −1 s −1 , as measured in a FET geometry, is reported for as‐grown nanorods, with the peak value being an impressive 1.0 cm 2 V −1 s −1 . A photoexposure using green laser light ( λ = 532 nm) is demonstrated to result in the formation of a polymer‐C 60 shell encapsulating a monomer‐C 60 bulk; such photo‐transformed nanorods exhibit an electron mobility of 4.7 × 10 −3 cm 2 V −1 s −1 . It is notable that the utilized FET geometry only probes the polymer‐C 60 nanorod surface shell, and that the monomer‐C 60 bulk is anticipated to exhibit a higher mobility. Importantly, photoexposed nanorods can be conveniently processed as a stabile dispersion in common hydrophobic solvents, and this finding is attributed to the insoluble character of the polymer‐C 60 shell.
Action Spotting in Soccer Videos Using Multiple Scene Encoders (2022)

Action spotting, which temporally localizes specific actions in a video, is an important task for understanding high-level semantic information. In this paper, we formulate the action spotting task to one of scene sequence recognition and propose a model with multiple scene encoders to capture scene changes around the timestamp where an action occurs. We divide the input into multiple subsets to reduce the influence of scene context that is temporally distant, and feed every subset into a scene encoder to learn scene context in every subset. Because the optimal temporal length for time windows (chunks) is different for each action, we analyze the influence of chunk sizes for action spotting. The experimental results on the public SoccerNet-v2 dataset demonstrate state-of-the-art accuracy. By using embedding features, our method obtains an Average-mAP of 75.3%. In addition, we confirm that the performance can be improved by using optimal chunk sizes for different actions.
AKT1 and AKT2 maintain hematopoietic stem cell function by regulating reactive oxygen species (2010)

Although AKT is essential for multiple cellular functions, the role of this kinase family in hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) is unknown. Thus, we analyzed HSC function in mice deficient in the 2 isoforms most highly expressed in the hematopoietic compartment, AKT1 and AKT2. Although loss of either isoform had only a minimal effect on HSC function, AKT1/2 double-deficient HSCs competed poorly against wild-type cells in the development of myeloid and lymphoid cells in in vivo reconstitution assays. Serial transplantations revealed an essential role for AKT1 and AKT2 in the maintenance of long-term HSCs (LT-HSCs). AKT1/2 double-deficient LT-HSCs were found to persist in the G(0) phase of the cell cycle, suggesting that the long-term functional defects are caused by increased quiescence. Furthermore, we found that the intracellular content of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is dependent on AKT because double-deficient HSCs demonstrate decreased ROS. The importance of maintaining ROS for HSC differentiation was shown by a rescue of the differentiation defect after pharmacologically increasing ROS levels in double-deficient HSCs. These data implicate AKT1 and AKT2 as critical regulators of LT-HSC function and suggest that defective ROS homeostasis may contribute to failed hematopoiesis.
RefSeq and LocusLink: NCBI gene-centered resources (2001)

Thousands of genes have been painstakingly identified and characterized a few genes at a time. Many thousands more are being predicted by large scale cDNA and genomic sequencing projects, with levels of evidence ranging from supporting mRNA sequence and comparative genomics to computing ab initio models. This, coupled with the burgeoning scientific literature, makes it critical to have a comprehensive directory for genes and reference sequences for key genomes. The NCBI provides two resources, LocusLink and RefSeq, to meet these needs. LocusLink organizes information around genes to generate a central hub for accessing gene-specific information for fruit fly, human, mouse, rat and zebrafish. RefSeq provides reference sequence standards for genomes, transcripts and proteins; human, mouse and rat mRNA RefSeqs, and their corresponding proteins, are discussed here. Together, RefSeq and LocusLink provide a non-redundant view of genes and other loci to support research on genes and gene families, variation, gene expression and genome annotation. Additional information about LocusLink and RefSeq is available at http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/LocusLink/.
Regioselective Complexation of Metal Ion in Chromogenic Calix[4]biscrowns (2004)

A series of 1,3-alternate chromogenic azo-coupled calix[4]biscrowns in which the crown size varied with crown-5 and crown-6 have been synthesized. From the results of UV/vis band shift upon metal ion complexation, metal ions were entrapped only by the upper crown loop, causing the hypsochromic shift on the UV/vis spectra. Calix[4]bis(crown-5)(crown-6) revealed K(+) ion selectivity while calix[4]bis(crown-6)(crown-6) showed Cs(+) ion selectivity caused by a size complementarity between hosts and guest ions. From the UV band shift of 4 in which the NO(2) group is replaced by the NH(2) group, we observed bathochromic shift upon the metal ion addition, indicating that the metal ion is encapsulated in the lower crown ring because of strengthened pi-cation interaction by introducing the electron-donating NH(2) unit regardless of the steric hindrance between two azo-phenyl groups adjacent to the crown ring.
Characterization of a protein tyrosine phosphatase (RIP) expressed at a very early stage of differentiation in both mouse erythroleukemia and embryonal carcinoma cells (1995)

From our previous studies, several protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPase) are implicated in the early events leading to in vitro differentiation of both mouse erythroleukemia (MEL) and embryonal carcinoma (F9) cells. Among the PTPases, recent experiments suggest that a new PTPase (RIP) plays a critical role in differentiation processes, particularly at their early stages. We isolated cDNA clones for RIP from a RNA preparation isolated from differentiating MEL cells, and determined the total 7932 bp base sequence for RIP cDNA. The cDNA codes for a putative 269.8 kDa (2450 amino acids) protein with a PTPase catalytic domain. We have demonstrated that the transcripts exist in multiple forms, and among mouse tissues they were found predominantly in kidney and, to a lesser extent, in lung, heart, brain and testis. The RIP gene was mapped between D5Mit90 and D5Mit25 on mouse chromosome 5.
Pyrethroid Synergism by Piperonyl Butoxide in Bovicola ovis (Schrank) (Phthiraptera: Trichodectidae) (1994)

ABSTRACT Piperonyl butoxide (PBO) synergised the synthetic pyrethroids (SPs) cypermethrin, deltamethrin, cyhalothrin and alpha‐cypermethrin in a concentration‐dependent manner in susceptible and both low‐and high‐SP‐resistant strains of the sheep body louse Bovicola ovis. Synergism ratios as high as 23 x were recorded when 200 mg/L PBO was mixed with deltamethrin in bioassays with the highly resistant Hartley strain. High PBO synergism implicates mono‐oxygenase detoxification of SPs as a major cause of SP resistance in B. ovis. the possibility of mixing PBO with existing SP lousicide products to control pyrethroid resistant lice is discussed.
Tuned Helical Array of RhIII/IrIII Cp* Complexes with Polypyridyl Ligands (2006)

Abstract Reactions of the chloro‐bridged dimeric complexes [{(η 5 ‐C 5 Me 5 )M(μ‐Cl)Cl} 2 ] (M = Rh, Ir) with the polypyridyl ligands 2,3‐di(2‐pyridyl)pyrazine (dpp) and 2,4,6‐tri(2‐pyridyl)‐1,3,5‐triazine (tptz) in the presence of ammonium tetrafluoroborate gave the mononuclear complexes [(η 5 ‐C 5 Me 5 )MCl(κ 2 ‐dpp)]BF 4 [M = Rh ( 1 ), Ir ( 2 )] and [(η 5 ‐C 5 Me 5 )MCl(κ 2 ‐tptz)]BF 4 [M = Rh ( 3 ), Ir ( 4 )]. The complexes have been characterised by elemental analysis, FAB‐MS, ESMS, IR, NMR, electronic and emission spectroscopic studies and the molecular structures of 1 , 2 and 3 have been crystallographically determined. Structural studies on the complexes revealed the presence of helical superstructures resulting from C–H ··· X (X = N, F, Cl and π) interactions. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH &amp; Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2006)
Quantitative phase microscopy of articular chondrocyte dynamics by wide-field digital interferometry (2010)

We experimentally implement label-free phase microscopy using wide-field digital interferometry (WFDI) techniques to retrieve quantitative volumetric data of articular chondrocyte dynamics. Using the scanless interferometric system, we visualize chondrocyte swelling and bursting induced by hypo-osmotic pressure. Reconstructed images are obtained by an efficient digital process. We use the resulting images to calculate quantitative temporal-spatial morphological parameters of the cell, with the observed dynamics limited only by the true frame rate of the camera. To show the utility of WFDI in recording articular chondrocyte dynamics, we also provide an experimental comparison of WFDI and differential interference contrast microscopy.
Space Habitation and Microbiology: Status and Roadmap of Space Agencies (2014)

The ubiquitous nature of microbiology is reflected in the diversity of microbiological research and operational efforts at NASA. For example, the impact of microorganisms on other planets and the protection of Earth from the potential of microbial life elsewhere is the responsibility of the Office of Planetary Protection (http://planetaryprotection.nasa.gov/ about). While the Office of Planetary Protection does not include forward or back contamination to or from a low Earth orbit, research platforms, such as the ISS, are being used to better understand the survival of microorganisms and corresponding contamination control in the extreme conditions of space (2, 4, 10). Another example is the NASA Center for Astrobiology, which focuses on the origin, evolution, distribution, and future of life in the universe (https:// astrobiology.nasa.gov/). The large focus on microbiology is within its human exploration operations. NASA has historically set microbiological requirements, including stringent monitoring regimes, to mitigate risks to the health and performance of astronauts. Microorganisms can have both positive and negative impacts on many aspects of human spaceflight, including the risk and prevention of infectious diseases, performance of Environmental Control and Life Support Systems (ECLSS), spaceflight foods, and vehicle design and integrity. Even though a great amount of information has been obtained, several key questions regarding the impact of microorganisms on human spaceflight still remain. Research into the uncertainties of risks that may affect crew health are the responsibility of the NASA Human Research Program (http://www.nasa.gov/exploration/human research/). The research that addresses our fundamental understanding of space life science and its translation for benefits to the general public on Earth is the responsibility of NASA Space Biology.
Discrete diffraction in a cascade-induced anisotropic lattice (2008)

The features of anisotropic discrete diffraction in a cascade-induced lattice formed by two crossed pump waves in a quadratically nonlinear medium have been studied. The transition from the diffraction of a signal beam in free space to discrete diffraction with the further capture in a waveguide in a defocusing lattice by the increasing of the pump wave intensity has been traced.
Direct Detection of Manganese Ions in Organic Electrolyte by UV-vis Spectroscopy (2018)

Lithium manganese oxide cathodes used in Li-ion batteries suffer from manganese dissolution and capacity fade. We present a new technique for directly measuring the manganese ion (Mn2+) concentration in a typical Li-ion carbonate electrolyte using 4-(2-pyridylazo) resorcinol (PAR) as a UV-vis probe. Chelation between PAR and Mn2+ ion induces a characteristic absorption peak where the peak intensity corresponds to Mn2+ ion concentration in the electrolyte. Electrochemical stability of the probe is verified by performing potential hold and cyclic voltammetry. The in situ characterization of Mn dissolution in a customized battery cell is performed during cyclic voltammetry.
The dynamic nature of the conserved tegument protein UL37 of herpesviruses (2018)

In all herpesviruses, the space between the capsid shell and the lipid envelope is occupied by the unique tegument layer composed of proteins that, in addition to structural roles, play many other roles in the viral replication. UL37 is a highly conserved tegument protein that has activities ranging from virion morphogenesis to directional capsid trafficking to manipulation of the host innate immune response and binds multiple partners. The N-terminal half of UL37 (UL37N) has a compact bean-shaped α-helical structure that contains a surface region essential for neuroinvasion. However, no biochemical or structural information is currently available for the C-terminal half of UL37 (UL37C) that mediates most of its interactions with multiple binding partners. Here, we show that the C-terminal half of UL37 from pseudorabies virus UL37C is a conformationally flexible monomer composed of an elongated folded core and an unstructured C-terminal tail. This elongated structure, along with that of its binding partner UL36, explains the nature of filamentous tegument structures bridging the capsid and the envelope. We propose that the dynamic nature of UL37 underlies its ability to perform diverse roles during viral replication.
A Weak Link in TB Bacterium Is Found (2000)

The secret of the success of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the pathogen that causes tuberculosis, is that it can linger undetected in the lungs for decades, hiding from the immune system's macrophages that aim to chew it up and spit it out. Now a team of researchers has uncovered a vulnerability in this resilient bug that suggests new ways to starve it out of its bolt-hole.
Generative adversarial networks for increasing the veracity of big data (2017)

This work describes how automated data generation integrates in a big data pipeline. A lack of veracity in big data can cause models that are inaccurate, or biased by trends in the training data. This can lead to issues as a pipeline matures that are difficult to overcome. This work describes the use of a Generative Adversarial Network to generate sketch data, such as those that might be used in a human verification task. These generated sketches are verified as recognizable using a crowd-sourcing methodology, and finds that the generated sketches were correctly recognized 43.8% of the time, in contrast to human drawn sketches which were 87.7% accurate. This method is scalable and can be used to generate realistic data in many domains and bootstrap a dataset used for training a model prior to deployment.
Highly-uniform resonator-based visible spectrometer on a Si3N4 platform with robust and accurate post-fabrication trimming (2018)

A resonator array-based spectrometer for visible/near-infrared (NIR) wavelengths is fabricated on a low-loss silicon nitride (Si<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub>) material platform. Ideally, a spectrometer should uniformly sample the input spectrum. However, resonator-based spectrometers, in which each spectral sample corresponds to resonance wavelength of one of the resonators in the array, suffer from wavelength sampling non-uniformity caused by the high sensitivity of the resonant wavelengths of different resonators to the dimensional variations caused by fabrication imperfections. Using an alignment-insensitive post-fabrication trimming technique, we reduce the standard deviation (STD) of resonance wavelength of a 60-channel integrated photonic spectrometer in Si<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> to a record-low value of 5 pm in the visible wavelength range. This approach can be used to realize wideband and uniform visible spectrometers that are desirable for applications such as optical signal processing and biological sensing.
Out of Hospital Cardiac Arrest (OHCA): Experience of a Bystander CPR Training Program in Karachi, Pakistan (2021)

Abstract Background: Nearly 90% of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) patients are witnessed, yet only 2.3% received bystander CPR (cardiopulmonary resuscitation in Pakistan. This study aimed to determine retention of knowledge and skills of Hands-Only CPR among community participants in early recognition of OHCA and initiation of CPR in Karachi, Pakistan. Methods: The pre and post-tests were conducted among participants from diverse non-health-related backgrounds from July 2018 to October 2019. Participants were tested for knowledge and skills of CPR before training (pre-test), immediately after training (post-test), and six months after training (retention test). All the participants received CPR training through video and scenario-based demonstration using manikins. Post-training CPR skills of the participants were assessed using a pre-defined performance checklist. The evaluator read out numerous case scenarios to the participants, such as drowning, poisoning, and road traffic injuries, etc., and then asked them to perform the critical steps of CPR identified in the scenario on manikins. The primary outcome was the mean difference in the knowledge score and skills of the participants related to the recognition of OHCA and initiation of CPR. Results: The pre and post-tests were completed by 722 participants, whereas the retention test after 6 months was completed by 358 participants. The mean knowledge score related to the recognition of OHCA, and initiation of CPR improved significantly (p &lt;0.001) from pre-test (47.2/100, ±13.2) to post-test (69.9/100, ±12). The mean CPR knowledge after six months (retention) reduced slightly from (69.9/100, ±12) to (64.8/100, ±9.3). The CPR skill retention for various components (correct placement of the heel of hands, complete chest recoil, check for scene safety, check for a response, and activate emergency response system) slightly deteriorated from 79% in the post-test to 72% in re-test. However, participants performed slightly better on achieving an adequate rate of chest compressions from 73.7% in post-test to 75.5% in re-test. Conclusion: Community members with non-health backgrounds can learn and retain CPR skills, allowing them to be effective bystander CPR providers in OHCA situations. We recommend training the mass population in Pakistan regarding CPR to increase the survival rate from OHCA.