gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Function of alloproliferative T lymphocyte clones correlates better with their class II recognitive specificity than with their cell surface phenotype (1985)

Alloproliferative primed lymphocyte typing (PLT) clones recognizing determinants associated with HLA-DR/Dw, SB, MB, or novel "SB-like" gene products were screened for their ability to suppress lymphoproliferative responses in primary and secondary mixed lymphocyte cultures (MLC), and for their surface marker phenotypes. Two nonsuppressive HLA-D specific PLT clones were OKT4-, OKT8+ whereas all others possessed an OKT4+, OKT8-, Leu-8- phenotype. All clones secreted interleukin 2 (IL2) after specific stimulation. The eight PLT clones specific for "SB-like" antigens strongly suppressed MLC, whereas only one of 35 DR/Dw-specific, and none of 20 SB-specific PLT clones did so. Suppressive activity of such PLT clones was not restricted by major histocompatibility complex products, was radioresistant (20 Gy), and was not caused by absorption of IL2 or by cytotoxicity of the cloned cells. Suppressive clones exerted their effects directly on proliferating T cells, as assessed by their ability to prevent growth of cloned PLT cells stimulated by B cell lines, and their ability to block primary MLC even when added 96 h after the start of the 144-h culture. Culture supernatants from suppressive, but not from nonsuppressive, PLT clones also strongly and nonspecifically inhibited lymphoproliferative responses. The suppressive factor(s) was not dialyzable, not sensitive to pH 2 or heat treatment and not cytotoxic. Thus, all T cell clones proliferating against novel "SB-like" but not SB antigens, as well as rare clones specific for D region determinants, possess powerful nonspecific suppressive activities dissociated from their "helper-related" OKT4+, OKT8-, Leu 8-, IL2-secreting phenotypes.
A numerical method for determining tensile stress-strain properties of plastics from total elongation measurements (1988)

A numerical scheme is developed whereby the stress-strain characteristic of a plastics test specimen is derived from a set of measured load versus total elongation data. Finite element analysis is employed to check the validity of the assumptions made. The stress-strain characteristics obtained using the numerical scheme compare well with those measured using an infrared extensometer. The success of the scheme could dispense with the use of clip-on extensometers on relatively soft plastics, which has been shown to give rise to inaccuracies of measurement and premature failure of test specimens.
Description of the Morphology Dependent Charge Transport and Performance of Polymer:Fullerene Bulk Heterojunction Solar Cells (2010)

Abstract We present a combined numerical charge transport and morphology model to describe the current density–voltage ( j – V ) characteristics of three different, benchmark polymer:fullerene bulk heterojunction organic solar cells in which the device performance critically depends on the processing conditions or composition of the active layer. We find that an accurate description of the j – V characteristics over a broad bias range can be obtained when the actual complex, three‐dimensional (3D) phase separation is represented by a simplified 2D or even 1D description. The morphological device model allows predicting the potential for increasing device performance by further optimizing the morphology. The optimal simplified morphology consists of two, relatively thin alternating vertically oriented slabs, that allow for fast lateral separation of photocreated holes and electrons. This morphology can effectively be described as 1D.
Home-based cardiac rehabilitation is an attractive alternative to no cardiac rehabilitation for elderly patients with coronary heart disease: results from a randomised clinical trial (2012)

Participation in home-based CR improved exercise capacity among elderly patients with coronary heart disease, but there was no significant difference between the home intervention and the control group. In addition, no significant difference was found in the secondary outcomes. When intervention ceased, the initial increase in exercise capacity was rapidly lost.
Distributional Negative Sampling for Knowledge Base Completion (2019)

State-of-the-art approaches for Knowledge Base Completion (KBC) exploit deep neural networks trained with both false and true assertions: positive assertions are explicitly taken from the knowledge base, whereas negative ones are generated by random sampling of entities. In this paper, we argue that random sampling is not a good training strategy since it is highly likely to generate a huge number of nonsensical assertions during training, which does not provide relevant training signal to the system. Hence, it slows down the learning process and decreases accuracy. To address this issue, we propose an alternative approach called Distributional Negative Sampling that generates meaningful negative examples which are highly likely to be false. Our approach achieves a significant improvement in Mean Reciprocal Rank values amongst two different KBC algorithms in three standard academic benchmarks.
ChemInform Abstract: CARBONYLATION OF 1‐DECENE WITH MODIFIED COPPER(I) COMPLEX CATALYSTS (1985)

Abstract In mehreren Versuchsreihen wird untersucht, inwieweit sich Kupferm‐Verbindungen, z.T. mit Cokatalysatoren wie Triphenylphosphan oder Aminen, für Carbonylierungsreaktionen von l‐Decen (I) eignen.
Simple physical models for the partially transparent radiative windows, comparison to the radiative coolers (2019)

In this work we solve approximately the radiative heat transfer problem in one dimension to perform a comparative analysis of the time averaged performance of the partially transparent radiative windows and radiative coolers. Our physical model includes the atmosphere, the window, and the backwall that are all in the thermal equilibrium with each other, and that can exchange energy via radiative heat transfer or convection. Moreover, we use a simplified two-state model for the optical properties of an atmosphere and a window material which assumes two distinct sets of the optical reflection/absorption/transmission parameters in the visible/near-IR versus mid-IR spectral ranges. Furthermore, we have distinguished the design goals for the partially transparent windows and radiative coolers and provided optimal choice for the material parameters to realize these goals. Thus, radiative coolers are normally non-transparent in the visible, and the main goal is to design a cooler with the temperature of its dark side as low as possible compared to that of the atmosphere. For the radiative windows, however, their surfaces are necessarily partially transparent in the visible. In the cooling mode, therefore, the main question is about the maximal visible light transmission through the window at which the temperature on the window somber side does not exceed that of the atmosphere. We believe that our simple, yet in-depth comparative analysis of the radiative windows and coolers can be useful for a large number of scientists and engineers pursuing research in these disciplines.
Collaborative Security Management: Developing Ideas in Security Management for Air Traffic Control (2013)

Air Traffic Management (ATM) could benefit from a collaborative approach to security management, particularly to improve situational awareness, quantitative risk assessments and the governance of security. Collaboration between organisations is becoming increasingly important in air traffic control as well as security in general. This emphasises the need to adapt security cultures from 'need to know' towards more direct sharing of knowledge and skills. An additional imperative for the air traffic management sector is that as operations and systems become increasingly integrated, Air Navigation Service Providers (ANSPs) become critically dependent on each other. Hence security of the organisation is bound with the security of the whole European system. To create a successful collaborative approach, security managers will need to adopt collaborative leadership skills and approaches. This can be achieved in an evolutionary way, which grows as the challenges to security become more demanding and complex, as the ATM system is modernised.
Localized Epidemic Detection in Networks with Overwhelming Noise (2015)

We consider the problem of detecting an epidemic in a population where individual diagnoses are extremely noisy. We show that exclusively local, approximate knowledge of the contact network suffices to accurately detect the epidemic. The motivation for this problem is the plethora of examples (influenza strains in humans, or computer viruses in smartphones, etc.) where reliable diagnoses are scarce, but noisy data plentiful. In flu or phone-viruses, exceedingly few infected people/phones are professionally diagnosed (only a small fraction go to a doctor) but less reliable secondary signatures (e.g., people staying home, or greater-than-typical upload activity) are more readily available. Our algorithm requires only local-neighbor knowledge of this graph, and in a broad array of settings that we describe, succeeds even when false negatives and false positives make up an overwhelming majority of the data available. Our results show it succeeds in the presence of partial information about the contact network, and also when are many (hundreds, in our examples) of initial patients-zero.
High-Speed Real-Time Simulators for Engineering Design (2005)

The use of computer simulations is now an established technique in engineering design. Many of these simulations are used to predict the expected behavior of systems that are not yet built, or of existing systems in modes of operation, such as catastrophic failure, in which it is not feasible to test the real system. Another use of computer simulations is for training and testing purposes in which the simulation is interfaced to real hardware, software and/or a human operator and is required to operate in real-time. Examples are plant simulators for operator training or simulated environments for testing hardware or software components. The primary requirement of a real-time simulation is that it must complete all the calculations necessary to update the simulator outputs as well as all the necessary data I/O within the allotted frame time. Many real-time simulations use frame times in the range of a few milliseconds and greater.There is an increasing number of applications, for example in power electronics and automotive systems, in which much shorter frame rates are required. This paper reviews some of these applications and the approaches to real-time simulation that can achieve frame times in the range 5 to 100 microseconds.
Preparation of Poly(2,5-thienyleneethylene) and Poly(2,5-furyleneethylene) by Vapor Phase Pyrolysis of (5-Methyl-2-thienyl)methyl Benzoate and (5-Methyl-2-furyl)methyl Benzoate (1996)

The synthesis of poly(2,5-thienyleneethylene) and poly(2,5-furyleneethylene) by vapor deposition polymerization is presented. (5-Methyl-2-thienyl)methyl benzoate and (5-methyl-2-furyl)methyl benzoate were subjected to vapor phase pyrolysis above 650 °C to form 2,5-dimethylene-2,5-dihydrothiophene and 2,5-dimethylene-2,5-dihydrofuran. Upon condensation, both compounds spontaneously polymerize, respectively, at a temperature higher than −25 °C to produce poly(2,5-thienyleneethylene) and poly(2,5-furyleneethylene). The obtained poly(2,5-thienyleneethylene) is soluble in chloroform above 60 °C. It is a semicrystalline polymer and displays a glass transition at around 25 °C and a melting transition at around 160 °C. The synthesized poly(2,5-furyleneethylene) is insoluble in tetrahydrofuran, chloroform, dimethylformamide (DMF), and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) at room temperature and only swells in DMF and DMOS above 100 °C. Solid-state NMR studies show that the poly(2,5-furyleneethylene) is cross-linked. The poly(2,5-furyleneethylene) is also a semicrystalline polymer exhibiting a glass transition at around 20 °C and a melting transition at around 110 °C. Solution polymerizations of 2,5-dimethylene-2,5-dihydrothiophene and 2,5-dimethylene-2,5-dihydrofuran were also carried out, respectively, in THF to yield poly(2,5-thienyleneethylene) and poly(2,5-furyleneethylene). Finally, the relative merits for the polymerization of 2,5-dimethylene-2,5-dihydrothiophene and 2,5-dimethylene-2,5-dihydrofuran by both methods are compared.
ChemInform Abstract: Glycosylimidates. Part 51. Synthesis of β‐O‐Glycosides Using Enol Ether and Imidate Derived Leaving Groups. Emphasis on the Use of Nitriles as a Solvent. (1992)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Intravenous Infusion of Nucleated Peripheral Blood Cells Restores Fertility in Mice with Chemotherapy-Induced Premature Ovarian Failure (2018)

Cancer treatment with specific chemotherapeutic agents has been well documented to have an adverse impact on female fertility leading to premature ovarian failure (POF). The objective of this study is to investigate if chemotherapeutic induced POF can be reversed by the infusion of autologous nucleated peripheral blood cells (PBMC). To reach our goal, mice were treated with a single intraperitoneal injections of busulfan and cyclophosphamide to induce POF. This was followed by transfusion of PBMC. The ovarian morphology and functional parameters were monitored by radioimmunoassay, real-time PCR, immunofluorescence and immunohistochemistry analysis. Our study showed that chemotherapy (CTX) protracted estrous cycle period and repressed E2 production. In addition, CTX decreased the expressions of steroidogenesis markers, <i>CYP-17</i> synthesis, <i>StAR</i> (steroidogenic acute regulatory protein), and Connexin-43 protein expression in the ovarian follicles. We also observed reduced numbers and sizes of the primordial and primary follicles in CTX-treated mice compared to untreated controls (<i>p</i> < 0.05). When both CTX and untreated control groups were stimulated with gonadotrophin, the control group produced ten times more ova than the CTX group. Finally, the treatment of premature ovarian failure induced by CTX with autologous PBMC transfusion resulted in over-expression and a statistically significant increase in several stem cell markers and restoration of fertility. Infusion with PBMC in CTX further decreased the estrous cycle length by 2.5 times (<i>p</i> < 0.01). We found that transfusion of autologous PBMC to mice with chemotherapy induced POF was very effective at restoring fertility. These results are similar to other studies using bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells.
Interactions between metals and α‐synuclein − function or artefact? (2007)

alpha-synuclein is one of a family of proteins whose function remains unknown. This protein has become linked to a number of neurodegenerative disease although its potential causative role in these diseases remains mysterious. In diseases such as Parkinson's disease and Lewy body dementias, alpha-synuclein becomes deposited in aggregates termed Lewy bodies. Also, some inherited forms of Parkinson's diseases are linked to mutations in the gene for alpha-synuclein. Studies have mostly focussed on what causes the aggregation of the protein but, like many amyloidogenic proteins associated with a neurodegenerative disorder, this protein has now been suggested to bind copper. This finding is currently controversial. This review examines the evidence that alpha-synuclein is a copper binding protein and discusses whether this has any significance in determining the function of the protein or whether copper binding is at all necessary for aggregation.
Performance analysis of several back-end database architectures (1986)

The growing acceptance of database systems makes their performance increasingly more important. One way to gain performance is to off-load some of the functions of the database system to aback-end computer. The problem is what functions should be off-loaded to maximize the benefits of distributed processing. Our approach to this problem consisted of constructing several variants of an existing relational database system. INGRES, that partition the database system software into two parts, and assigning these two parts to two computers connected by a local area network. For the purposes of this experiment, six different variants of the database software were constructed to test the sir most interesting functional subdivisions. Each variant was then benchmarked using two different databases and query streams. The communication medium and the communication software were also benchmarked to measure their contribution to the performance of each configuration. Combining the database and network measurement results, various conclusions were reached about the viability of the configurations, the desirable properties of the communications mechanisms to he used, the operating system interface and overhead, and the performance of the database system. The variants to be preferred depend on the hardware technology, operating system features, database system internal structure, and network software overhead.
212. Specific targeting of uterine proprotein convertase 6 (PC6) facilitates the development of dual function contraception (2008)

Proprotein convertase 6 (PC6), is a key player during embryo implantation in humans and mice. We have previously shown that PC6 is essential for decidualisation in the mouse and knockdown of endometrial PC6 leads to implantation failure. The PC family of proteases, including PC6, are necessary for transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). It has been postulated that inhibition of PC activity could prevent HIV infection. We hypothesise that PC6 is a prospective target for the development of a dual role contraceptive for women to avoid pregnancy and protect from HIV infection. The aim of this study is to evaluate if a PC6 inhibitor that is capable of preventing HIV transmission can block implantation in mice. We used a generic PC peptide substrate to assess the potency of the inhibitor to block PC6 activity in vitro. The substrate releases a fluorochrome when cleaved by PC6; no fluorescent signals were observed in samples when inhibitor concentrations were 10μM or higher. We then gauged inhibitor uptake by the uterus over 24 h in mice by two delivery routes; intrauterine injection (IU) and vaginal delivery (VD) with a neutral gel. Uptake was tracked with a FITC-conjugated inhibitor at 50μM (IU) and 500μM (VD). Strong fluorescent signals were seen at 2, 4, 6 and 24 h at sites of endometrial PC6 activity in the IU and VD groups. Administration of a 50μM dosage (20μl) to the uterine lumen (IU) caused a significant reduction (P = 0.002) in the number of implantation sites compared with controls (saline only) when treated between 2000–2100 on E3.75. The inhibitor's ability to block uterine PC6 activity and implantation via VD was assessed and to date outcomes have suggested that correct timing is crucial to prevent implantation and decidualisation. These outcomes show the potential of the inhibitor to block implantation in mice.
Effect of Climate Conditions and Plant Developmental Stage on the Stability of Antibodies Expressed in Transgenic Tobacco (2000)

Plants are regarded as a promising system for the production of heterologous proteins. However, little is known about the influence of plant physiology and plant development on the yield and quality of the heterologous proteins produced in plants. To investigate this, tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum cv Samsun NN) was transformed with a single construct that contained behind constitutive promotors the light- and heavy-chain genes of a mouse antibody. The in planta stability of the antibody was analyzed in transgenic plants that were grown under high and low irradiation at 15 degrees C and 25 degrees C. High-light conditions favored the production of biomass, of total soluble protein, and of antibody. The plants grown at 25 degrees C developed faster and contained less antibody per amount of leaf tissue than the plants grown at 15 degrees C. Both endogenous protein and antibody content showed a strong decline during leaf development. The heavy chains of the antibody underwent in planta degradation via relatively stable fragments. In vitro incubations of purified plantibody with leaf extracts of wild-type tobacco indicated the involvement of acidic proteases. It is interesting that the same antibody produced by mouse hybridoma cells exhibited higher stability in this in vitro assay. This may be explained by the assumption that the plant type of N-glycosylation contributes less to the stability of the antibody than the mouse-type of N-glycosylation. The results of this study indicate that proteolytic degradation during plant development can be an important factor affecting yield and homogeneity of heterologous protein produced by transgenic plants.
Localization of the gene for progressive bifocal chorioretinal atrophy (PBCRA) to chromosome 6q (1995)

Progressive bifocal chorioretinal atrophy (PBCRA) is a rare, autosomal dominant congenital chorioretinal dystrophy. We have performed genetic linkage analysis on a five-generation British pedigree. Two-point linkage analysis showed significant linkage with nine microsatellite marker loci mapping to chromosome 6q. Multipoint analysis gave a maximum lod score of 11.8 (theta = 0.05) between D6S249 and D6S283. This region overlaps with that to which the gene for North Carolina macular dystrophy (MCDR1) has been assigned. However, given the range of differences in phenotype between these two retinal disorders, it is likely that different mutation mechanisms are responsible for each disease.
Alpha-particle-induced field and enhanced collection of carriers (1982)

A simple physical model explains all the characteristics of the newly discovered funnelling phenomenon. An alpha strike results in significant field in the quasi-neutral regions to a depth that is equal to 1 + µ <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">_{n}</tex> /µ <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">_{p}</tex> times the depletion region width of an n+/p junction. This and the predicted current waveform agree with experiments and simulation results. The model also predicts the effects of the angle of alpha incidence, and that p+/n junctions should exhibit weaker funnelling phenomenon.
Programmable Quantum Gate Arrays (2001)

We present a probabilistic quantum processor for qubits. The processor itself is represented by a fixed array of gates. The input of the processor is constituted by two registers. In the program register the set of instructions (program) is encoded. This program is applied to the data register. The processor we present can perform any operation on a single qubit with a certain probability. If the operation is unitary, the probability is in general 1/4, but for more restricted sets of operators the probability can be higher.