gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Molecular Topology Tuning of Bipolar Host Materials Composed of Fluorene‐Bridged Benzimidazole and Carbazole for Highly Efficient Electrophosphorescence (2013)

Two new molecules, CzFCBI and CzFNBI, have been tailor-made to serve as bipolar host materials to realize high-efficiency electrophosphorescent devices. The molecular design is configured with carbazole as the hole-transporting block and N-phenylbenzimidazole as the electron-transporting block hybridized through the saturated bridge center (C9) and meta-conjugation site (C3) of fluorene, respectively. With structural topology tuning of the connecting manner between N-phenylbenzimidazole and the fluorene core, the resulting physical properties can be subtly modulated. Bipolar host CzFCBI with a C connectivity between phenylbenzimidazole and the fluorene bridge exhibited extended π conjugation; therefore, a low triplet energy of 2.52 eV was observed, which is insufficient to confine blue phosphorescence. However, the monochromatic devices indicate that the matched energy-level alignment allows CzFCBI to outperform its N-connected counterpart CzFNBI while employing other long-wavelength-emitting phosphorescent guests. In contrast, the high triplet energy (2.72 eV) of CzFNBI imparted by the N connectivity ensures its utilization as a universal bipolar host for blue-to-red phosphors. With a common device configuration, CzFNBI has been utilized to achieve highly efficient and low-roll-off devices with external quantum efficiency as high as 14 % blue, 17.8 % green, 16.6 % yellowish-green, 19.5 % yellow, and 18.6 % red. In addition, by combining yellowish-green with a sky-blue emitter and a red emitter, a CzFNBI-hosted single-emitting-layer all-phosphor three-color-based white electrophosphorescent device was successfully achieved with high efficiencies (18.4 %, 36.3 cd A(-1) , 28.3 lm W(-1) ) and highly stable chromaticity (CIE x=0.43-0.46 and CIE y=0.43) at an applied voltage of 8 to 12 V, and a high color-rendering index of 91.6.
Dialog in the RAILTEL telephone-based system (2002)

Dialog management is of particular importance in telephone-based services. In this paper we describe our recent activities in dialog management and natural language generation in the LIMSI RAILTEL system for access to rail travel information. The aim of LEMLAP project RAILTEL was to assess the capabilities of spoken language technology for interactive telephone information services. Because all interaction is over the telephone, oral dialog management and response generation are very important aspects of the overall system design and usability. Each dialog is analysed to determine the source of any errors (speech recognition, understanding, information retreival, processing or dialog management). An analysis is provided for 100 dialogs taken from the RAILTEL field trials with naive subjects accessing timetable information.
Identification of a divergent O -acetyltransferase gene oac 1b from Shigella flexneri serotype 1b strains (2012)

Shigella flexneri is a leading cause of bacterial dysentery in developing countries. Among the 15 known serotypes, four (1b, 3a, 3b and 4b) contain a group 6 epitope due to an acetyl group connected to the O-2 position of rhamnose III on the tetrasaccharide structure of the lipopolysaccharide. O-acetyltransferase encoded by a bacteriophage, Sf6, mediates the acetylation reaction. We found that the oac gene in serotype 1b strains was very different from that in serotypes 3a, 3b and 4b strains and is herein after referred to as oac 1b which shares with oac 88%-89% identity at the DNA level and 85% identity at the protein level. Considering that S. flexneri strains of serotypes 1-5 share a recent common ancestry, the divergent oac 1b is more likely to have been obtained from outside S. flexneri than to have undergone rapid divergence from the oac gene in the other serotypes (3a, 3b and 4b) within S. flexneri. The cloned oac 1b gene was found to perform the same acetylation function as oac. Analysis of the genomic regions flanking oac 1b showed that it was present in a prophage on the chromosome and the organizational structure is different from that of phage Sf6. Additionally, phage conversion assay showed that serotype 1b cannot be generated by infecting serotype 1a strains with Sf6. We conclude that oac 1b was carried by a non-Sf6 phage and is uniquely present in serotype 1b.
CHARACTERIZATION OF A QUANTITATIVE PCR-BASED ASSAY FOR AGENTS ACTIVE AGAINST HUMAN HERPESVIRUS 8. (1999)

Goletti, Delia; Monini, Paolo; Colombini, Sandra; Leone, Pasqualina; Cafaro, Aurelio; Stürzl, Michael; Franco, Marina; Leone, Patrizia; Ensoli, Barbara Author Information
To Minimize SACK Option Space by Using Segment-Based Algorithm (2011)

TCP Selective ACK (SACK) Scheme is used by receiver to notify sequence space information of receiving buffer to sender. In standard SACK scheme, however, each SACK block has to be described by eight bytes, which may introduce significant overhead and restrict other schemes to use TCP option space. Moreover, in some worse cases, some unnecessary retransmission may be triggered, especially when errors burst in forward path and reverse path is severely congested. This paper introduces a segment-based SACK algorithm. Theoretical analysis result shows that the proposed algorithm can significantly reduce the SACK overhead so as to save the more TCP option space for those schemes that need it as well.
Barrett’s Esophagus: Disregulation of Cell Cycling and Intercellular Adhesion in the Metaplasia-Dysplasia-Carcinoma Sequence (2000)

The incidence of both esophageal adenocarcinoma and Barrett's esophagus, a premalignant condition predisposing to this cancer, is rising rapidly. There is growing evidence that both of these conditions are related to the reflux of acid and bile into the esophagus. This results in inflammation and cell damage which initiates a sequence of events termed the metaplasia-dysplasia-carcinoma sequence in which the squamous epithelium is replaced by columnar epithelium exhibiting increasing degrees of dysplasia and overt malignancy. This sequence of events is underpinned by changes in cell cycling, such as accumulation of p16 and p53 mutations and increased cyclin D1 activity. Progression along this pathway is characterized by changes in intercellular adhesion, in particular, loss of adenomatous polyposis coli, reduced cadherin expression and increased catenin phosphorylation resulting in its nuclear translocation. Herein, we detail these molecular defects and propose how they may interrelate in an ordered progression in the development of esophageal adenocarcinoma.
Characteristics of 0.25 µm Ferroelectric Nonvolatile Memory with a Pb(Zr, Ti)O3 Capacitor on a Metal/Via-Stacked Plug (2000)

A 0.25-µm ferroelectric memory with 16 kbit-cell array was fabricated. A Pb(Zr, Ti)O 3 (PZT) capacitor was formed on a metal(Al)/via(W)-stacked plug using low temperature metal organic chemical vapor deposition (MO-CVD). The backend process had no effect on the PZT capacitor properties. The 1×1 µm 2 capacitor shows good fatigue and imprint endurance. Signal voltage on the bit-line in the cell array is 1.06 V for switching and 0.58 V for unswitching. These results agree well with the pulse-response measurement of the parallel capacitor. However, the signal voltage deviation becomes larger with the capacitor size reduction. The 16 kbit-cell array shows the column access time of 50 ns and the minimum operation voltage of 1.6 V.
A 256-element Associative Parallel Processor (2005)

A 256-element associative processing chip is designed for pixel-parallel image processing and machine vision applications. A five-transistor three-state dynamic memory cell is used, and each processing element has 64 trits of memory. Other processing element components include a function generator, an activity register, and connections to a reconfigurable mesh network and a response resolution subsystem. These are implemented with compact circuits designed within memory pitch constraints. The chip was fabricated in a double-poly CCD-CMOS process and characterized as fully functional. A sample image processing application is demonstrated on a four-chip prototype system
Visual Navigation for Mobile Devices (2010)

This article presents the integration of an improved camera pose recovery method into a landmark-based visual navigation system for mobile devices.
Layer-by-Layer Nanoparticles with a pH-Sheddable Layer forin VivoTargeting of Tumor Hypoxia (2011)

Inspired by the simplicity and versatility of layer-by-layer (LbL) assembly, we applied multilayered polyelectrolyte assemblies on nanoparticles to create viable systemic delivery systems. Focusing on tumor-specific delivery, LbL nanoparticles that exhibit a pH-sensitive outer stealth layer are demonstrated to target and be retained in hypoxic tumor regions. The neutral layers shed in response to acidity to reveal a charged nanoparticle surface that is readily taken up by tumor cells. The first in vivo demonstration of this mechanism of targeting is presented, as well as an initial examination of the mechanism of uptake of the nanoparticles. We further demonstrate that this concept for tumor targeting is potentially valid for a broad range of cancers, with applicability for therapies that target hypoxic tumor tissue.
Switching adhesion and friction by light using photosensitive guest–host interactions (2014)

Friction and adhesion between two β-cyclodextrin functionalized surfaces can be switched reversibly by external light stimuli. The interaction is mediated by complexation with ditopic azobenzene guest molecules.
E‐cadherin antagonizes TGFbeta1 gene induction in hepatic stellate cells by inhibiting RhoA‐dependent Smad3/2 phosphorylation (2011)

Cadherins mediate cell‐cell adhesion and catenin (ctn)‐related signaling pathways. Liver fibrosis is accompanied by the loss of E‐cadherin that promotes the process of epithelial mesenchymal transition. This study investigated whether E‐cadherin overexpression inhibits transforming growth factor‐beta1 (TGFbeta1) gene induction and, if so, what molecular basis. Forced expression of E‐cadherin decreased the level of mesenchymal markers, and the constitutive or inducible expression of the TGFbeta1 gene and its downstream genes. E‐cadherin overexpression decreased Smad3/2 phosphorylations, and consequent its transcriptional activity. The ability of E‐cadherin to inhibit TGFbeta1‐inducible Smad activity was reversed by RhoA activation. Molecular approaches revealed that the p120‐ctn binding domain of E‐cadherin was responsible for TGFbeta1 repression. E‐cadherin was capable of binding p120‐ctn, which recruited RhoA, preventing the ability of TGFbeta1 to increase RhoA‐mediated Smad3 phosphorylation. In the liver tissues of patients with liver fibrosis, E‐cadherin expression reciprocally correlated with the severity of fibrosis. In conclusion, E‐cadherin inhibits Smad3/2 phosphorylations by recruiting RhoA to p120‐ctn, supporting the notion that the loss of E‐cadherin due to cadherin switch promotes TGFbeta1 and target gene induction, and facilitates liver fibrosis.
Top Emitting OLEDs with multi-layered Mirror Consisting of Metallic and Dielectric Layers (2006)

We report on an investigation into the design and optimization of multi-layered mirror structures for top-emitting Organic Light Emitting Diodes (OLED). Our results show that the six-layer top mirror structure with optimally designed dielectric-enhanced metallic capping mirror proposed here exhibits more than three-fold improvement in the device luminance over the conventional LiF|Al top mirror The optical and electrical simulations were performed on a set of microcavity OLEDs consisting of widely used organic materials, N,N'- di(naphthalene-1-yl)-N, N'-diphenylbenzidine (NPB) as a hole transport layer and tris (8-hydroxyquinoline) (Alq3) as emitting and electron transporting layer. Ag was used as the anode/bottom mirror for maximum reflection. In order to optimize both the injection characteristics of the cathode and the cavity effect the structure of the multilayer top mirror was optimized, the structure used was a combination of a thin LiF/Al cathode capped by metallic and dielectric layers. The electroluminescence emission spectra, electric field distribution inside the device, carrier density, recombination rate and exciton density were calculated for devices with different top mirror configurations.
A line-expansion algorithm for the general routing problem with a guaranteed solution (1980)

A new routing algorithm is presented which is based on the expansion of a line in the direction perpendicular to the line. The line-expansion principle is first applied to the single layer routing problem. For the routing on two layers only some minor modifications have to be made. An important extension is added in which the search for an interconnection from a given point is initiated in more than one direction at the same time. The major advantage of the line-expansion algorithm over the well-known line-search algorithm is the guarantee that always a solution will be found if one exists.
euTV (2013)

In this paper, we describe the euTV system, which provides a flexible approach to collect, manage, annotate and publish collections of images, videos and textual documents. The system is based on a Service Oriented Architecture that allows to combine and orchestrate a large set of web services for automatic and manual annotation, retrieval, browsing, ingestion and authoring of multimedia sources. euTV tools have been used to create several publicly available vertical applications, addressing different use cases. Positive results of user evaluations have shown that the system can be effectively used to create different types of applications.
Simple, compact, high-repetition rate XeCl laser (1985)

Operation of a compact, corona-preionized, XeCl excimer laser producing average output power in excess of 1 W at pulse repetition frequencies of up to 750 Hz is reported. This device is simple in construction and utilizes all commercially available components.
Energy usage in the manufacture of dairy powders: Advances in conventional processing and disruptive technologies (2021)

Spray drying is the gold standard for manufacturing dairy powders, due to its ability to maintain nutritional and functional properties and operate at high capacities. It is, however, extremely energy intensive, accounting for the largest share of total energy consumption in the powder manufacturing process. Therefore, spray dryer optimization, along with other water removal steps such as reverse osmosis and vacuum evaporation, is essential from a sustainability perspective. The objective of this paper is to review recent technological advances relating to product and process (reformulation, pretreatments and emerging technologies) which contribute to improved efficiency and reduced energy consumption in conventional spray drying based processes. Additionally, disruptive technologies that substantially reduce environmental footprint of powder manufacturing process by completely replacing spray drying are discussed.
The geno-spatio analysis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex in hot and cold spots of Guangxi, China (2020)

Abstract Background At present, there are few studies on polymorphism of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) gene and how it affects the TB epidemic. Objective This study aimed to document the differences of polymorphisms between tuberculosis hot and cold spot areas of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China. Methods The cold and hot spot areas, each with 3 counties, had been pre-identified by TB incidence for 5 years from the surveillance database. Whole genome sequencing analysis was performed on all sputum Mtb isolates from the detected cases during January and June 2018. Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) of each isolate compared to the H37Rv strain were called and used for lineage and sub-lineage identification. Pairwise SNP differences between every pair of isolates were computed. Analyses of Molecular Variance (AMOVA) across counties of the same hot or cold spot area and between the two areas were performed. Results As a whole, 59.8% (57.7% sub-lineage 2.2 and 2.1% sub-lineage 2.1) and 39.8% (17.8% sub-lineage 4.4, 6.5% sub-lineage 4.2 and 15.5% sub-lineage 4.5) of the Mtb strains were Lineage 2 and Lineage 4 respectively. The percentages of sub-lineage 2.2 (Beijing family strains) are significantly higher in hot spots. Through the MDS dimension reduction, the genomic population structure in the three hot spot counties is significantly different from those three cold spot counties (T-test p = 0.05). The median of SNPs distances among Mtb isolates in cold spots was greater than that in hot spots (897 vs 746, Rank-sum test p &lt; 0.001). Three genomic clusters, each with genomic distance ≤ 12 SNPs, were identified with 2, 3 and 4 consanguineous strains. Two clusters were from hot spots and one was from cold spots.Conclusion Narrower genotype diversity in the hot area may indicate higher transmissibility of the Mtb strains in the area compared to those in the cold spot area.
Foresight (2017)

Current tools for exploratory data analysis (EDA) require users to manually select data attributes, statistical computations and visual encodings. This can be daunting for large-scale, complex data. We introduce Foresight, a system that helps the user rapidly discover visual insights from large high-dimensional datasets. Formally, an "insight" is a strong manifestation of a statistical property of the data, e.g., high correlation between two attributes, high skewness or concentration about the mean of a single attribute, a strong clustering of values, and so on. For each insight type, Foresight initially presents visualizations of the top k instances in the data, based on an appropriate ranking metric. The user can then look at "nearby" insights by issuing "insight queries" containing constraints on insight strengths and data attributes. Thus the user can directly explore the space of insights, rather than the space of data dimensions and visual encodings as in other visual recommender systems. Foresight also provides "global" views of insight space to help orient the user and ensure a thorough exploration process. Furthermore, Foresight facilitates interactive exploration of large datasets through fast, approximate sketching.
Correlation of clinical response in apomorphine test with D2‐receptor status as demonstrated by 123I IBZM‐SPECT (1993)

The knowledge of functional capacities of postsynaptic dopaminergic receptors in parkinsonian syndromes is important for differential diagnosis and for planning therapeutic approaches. Subcutaneous apomorphine challenges serve as a pharmacological tool in testing dopaminergic responsiveness, but discrepancies between results of the apomorphine test and long-term levodopa treatment remain. 123I IBZM (I-123 labeled iodobenzamide) as a dopaminergic receptor ligand allows depiction of D2-receptors by means of SPECT methods. The correlation between dopaminergic responsiveness and D2-receptor status as demonstrated by 123I IBZM-SPECT imaging was assessed by applying an apomorphine test to 41 patients with parkinsonian syndromes. All subsequently underwent an 123I IBZM-SPECT. Apomorphine responders showed a significantly higher binding of 123I IBZM than nonresponders, and patients with idiopathic Parkinson's disease (IPD) had higher D2-receptor density as visualized by SPECT than patients with other parkinsonian syndromes. The marked overlap between the groups allowed a reliable prediction only in patients with an abnormally low basal ganglia/frontal cortex ratio of 123I IBZM binding.
Internal state distribution of alkali dimers in supersonic nozzle beams (1973)

By spectroscopically analyzing the white light and laser-induced fluorescence excited in a nozzle beam of Na2 molecules, we have measured the population distribution of the (v,J) levels of the ground state. The Na2 molecules are produced in nozzle beams with various stagnation pressures (50–240 torr) of alkali metal and with nozzles of different throat diameters (0.12–0.50 mm). We find at a stagnation pressure of 50 torr and a nozzle diameter of 0.5 mm a Boltzmann distribution characterized by a vibrational temperature of 153 ± 5°K and a rotational temperature of 55± 10°K. Beams under different stagnation conditions have essentially the same internal state distribution. Studies of K2 dimers produced in a nozzle beam with various stagnation pressures (20–300 torr) and a 0.25 mm nozzle throat diameter also show cooling in both vibrational and rotational modes. A search is made for atomic fluorescence arising from the photodissociation of dimers in high vibrational levels of the ground state. No evidence is found for the presence of vibrationally-excited dimers in the nozzle beam.
A Comparison Between Conventional and User-Intention-Based Adaptive Pushrim-Activated Power-Assisted Wheelchairs (2021)

Pushrim-activated power-assisted wheel (PAPAW) users ideally require different levels of assistance depending on activity and preference. Therefore, it is important to design and develop adaptive PAPAW controllers to account for these differences. The main objective of this work was to integrate a user intention estimation framework into a PAPAW and develop personalized adaptive controllers. We performed experiments to gather kinetics of wheelchair propulsion for a variety of daily life wheelchair activities. The propulsion characteristics (i.e., pushrim forces) were used to train intention estimation models and characterize implicit user intentions when performing daily life wheelchair maneuvers. These intentions included moving straight forward, performing a right/left turn, and braking. The intention estimation framework, based on random forest classification algorithms and kinetic features, was implemented and tested in our laboratory-developed PAPAW. This computationally efficient framework was successfully implemented and tested for each participant in real-time. Our results revealed that the real-time user intention predictions were similar to the offline models. The power-assist ratio of each wheel was adjusted based on which user intention was identified. Data collected from four participants provided evidence regarding the effectiveness of using adaptive intention-based controllers. For instance, the propulsion effort was significantly reduced when using an adaptive PAPAW controller. Subjective views of participants regarding the workload of wheelchair propulsion (e.g., physical/cognitive effort) were also gathered. Our findings suggest that rankings of different controllers varied among different participants and across different wheelchair maneuvers, indicating the need for customized adaptive controllers to fit different users' activities and preferences.