gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Characterization of Certain Proteinase Isoenzymes Produced by Benign and Virulent Strains of Bacteroides nodosus (1985)

Three proteinase isoenzymes from one benign strain of Bacteroides nodosus and five proteinase isoenzymes from each of two virulent strains of B. nodosus were purified by horizontal slab polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The purified isoenzymes hydrolysed casein, collagen I, collagen III, elastin, alpha-elastin, fibrinogen, gelatin, haemoglobin and alpha-keratin. The pH optima of all the isoenzymes lay between 7.25 and 9.5, the range of 8.75-9.25 being common to all. The isoenzymes were inhibited by phenylmethylsulphonyl fluoride, diphenylcarbamyl chloride, L-(1-tosylamide-2-phenyl)ethyl chloromethyl ketone, EGTA and EDTA, indicating that they were chymotrypsin-like serine proteinases that require a metal ion for stability or activity. EDTA inhibition was not reversed by addition of Ca2+ or Mg2+. Some isoenzymes were activated by Mg2+, Ca2+, Cr3+ and Se4+ and all were inhibited by Fe2+, Co2+, Cu2+, Zn2+, Cd2+ and Hg2+. Isoenzymes from benign strains had a lower temperature stability, losing all activity at 55 degrees C, whereas those from virulent strains lost all activity at 60 degrees C.
The propeptide region of clotting factor IX is a signal for a vitamin K dependent carboxylase: evidence from protein engineering of amino acid -4 (1987)

Homologous "propeptide" regions are present in a family of vitamin K-dependent mammalian proteins, including clotting factors II, VII, IX, X, protein C, protein S and bone "gla" proteins. To test the hypothesis that the propeptide is a signal for the correct gamma-carboxylation of the adjacent gamma-carboxy region, we have mutated amino acid -4 of human factor IX from an arginine to a glutamine residue, by M13-directed site-specific mutagenesis of a cDNA clone. After expression of mutant factor IX in dog kidney cells, we find that it is secreted into the medium in a precursor form containing the propeptide, and is inefficiently gamma-carboxylated compared to the control, wild-type, recombinant factor IX. This result supports the hypothesis that the propeptide region is required for efficient gamma-carboxylation of factor IX in dog kidney cells. Furthermore, it confirms previous results that arginine at amino acid -4 is required for correct propeptide processing.
Mouse liver selenium-binding protein decreased in abundance by peroxisome proliferators (2000)

Several studies with two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE) have shown that the abundance of numerous mouse liver proteins is altered in response to treatment with chemicals known to cause peroxisome proliferation. The peptide masses from tryptic digests of two liver proteins showing dramatic decreases in abundance in response to numerous peroxisome proliferators were used to search sequence databases. The selenium-binding protein 2 (SBP2 formerly 56 kDa acetaminophen-binding protein, AP 56) and selenium-binding protein 1 (SBP1 formerly 56 kDa selenium-binding protein, SP 56) in mouse liver, proteins with a high degree of sequence similarity, were the highest ranked identities obtained. Identity with SBP2 was subsequently confirmed by immunodetection with specific antiserum. Treatment of mice with 0.025% ciprofibrate resulted in the more basic of this pair of proteins being decreased to 30% of control abundance while the acidic protein was decreased to 7% of the control amount. Dexamethasone treatment, in contrast, caused increases of 80% and 20% in the abundance of the acidic and basic forms, respectively. Administration of dexamethasone to mice in combination with ciprofibrate produced expression of the acidic SBP2 at 23% of the control level and the basic SBP2 at 36%, a slightly moderated reduction compared with the decrease that occurred with ciprofibrate alone. These data suggest that peroxisome proliferators such as ciprofibrate cause a decrease in the abundance of the SBP2, which leads to increased cell proliferation, even in the presence of an inhibitor such as dexamethasone. Such a decrease in SBP, thought to serve as cell growth regulation factors, could be central to the nongenotoxic carcinogenicity of the peroxisome proliferators observed in rodents.
The Prevalence of Dementia in Europe: A Collaborative Study of 1980–1990 Findings (1991)

To obtain age- and gender-specific estimates of the prevalence of dementia in Europe and to study differences in prevalence across countries, we pooled and re-analysed original data of prevalence studies of dementia carried out in some European countries between 1980 and 1990. The study followed these steps: census of existing datasets, collection of data in a standardized format, selection of datasets suitable for comparison, comparison of age and gender patterns. From the 23 datasets of European surveys considered, 12 were selected for comparison. Only population-based studies in which dementia was defined by DSM-III or equivalent criteria and in which all subjects were examined personally were included. Studies in which institutionalized subjects were not investigated were excluded. Age- and gender-specific prevalences were compared within and across studies and overall prevalences were computed. Although prevalence estimates differed across studies, the general age- and gender-distribution was similar for all studies. The overall European prevalences for the five-year age groups from 60 to 94 years, were 1.0, 1.4, 4.1, 5.7, 13.0, 21.6 and 32.2%, respectively. In subjects under 75 years the prevalence of dementia was slightly higher in men than in women; in those aged 75 years or over the prevalence was higher in women. The prevalence figures nearly doubled with every five years of increase in age.
Translation of stable hepadnaviral mRNA cleavage fragments induced by the action of phosphorothioate-modified antisense oligodeoxynucleotides (2005)

Phosphorothioate-modified antisense oligodeoxynucleotides (ASOs) are used to suppress gene expression by inducing RNase H-mediated cleavage with subsequent degradation of the target mRNA. However, previous observations suggest that ASO/RNase H can also result in the generation of stable mRNA cleavage fragments and expression of truncated proteins. Here, we addressed the underlying translational mechanisms in more detail using hepadnavirus-transfected hepatoma cells as a model system of antisense therapy. Generation of stable mRNA cleavage fragments was restricted to the ASO/RNase H pathway and not observed upon cotransfection of isosequential small interfering RNA or RNase H-incompetent oligonucleotides. Furthermore, direct evidence for translation of mRNA fragments was established by polysome analysis. Polysome-associated RNA contained cleavage fragments devoid of a 5' cap structure indicating that translation was, at least in part, cap-independent. Further analysis of the uncapped cleavage fragments revealed that their 5' terminus and initiation codon were only separated by a few nucleotides suggesting a 5' end-dependent mode of translation, whereas internal initiation could be ruled out. However, the efficiency of translation was moderate compared to uncleaved mRNA and amounted to 13-24% depending on the ASO used. These findings provide a rationale for understanding the translation of mRNA fragments generated by ASO/RNase H mechanistically.
Eight-year Outcome of Very-low-birth-weight Infants Born in KK Hospital (2003)

The outcome of ELBWs is a major cause of concern. BPD and hypoglycaemia were the only perinatal factors that still exerted an influence on outcome at 8 years. Better methods of prediction of academic difficulty are critical for this high-risk group of children.
ChemInform Abstract: 1‐DIPHENYLPHOSPHONIO‐1‐METHOXYMETHYLLITHIUM, A USEFUL REAGENT FOR THE SYNTHESIS OF ALDEHYDES FROM HINDERED KETONES (1981)

Abstract Diphenylchlorphosphin (I) liefert die Li‐Verbindung (II), die mit Chlormethyl‐methylether zu (IV) substituiert und dann zu (V) lithiiert wird.
High-Performance GaN-Based Vertical-Injection Light-Emitting Diodes With TiO$_{2}$–SiO$_{2}$ Omnidirectional Reflector and n-GaN Roughness (2007)

We have designed and fabricated a new type of GaN-based thin-film vertical-injection light-emitting diode (LED) with TiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> -SiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> omnidirectional reflector (ODR) and n-GaN roughness. The associated ODR designed for LED operation wavelength at 455 nm was integrated with patterned conducting channels for the purpose of vertical current spreading. With the help of laser lift-off and photo-electrochemical etching technologies, at a driving current of 350 mA and with chip size of 1 mm times 1 mm, the light-output power and the external quantum efficiency of our thin-film LED with TiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> -SiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> ODR reached 330 mW and 26.7%. The result demonstrated 18% power enhancement when compared with the results from the thin-film LED with Al reflector replace
Dense WDM silicon photonic interconnects for compact high-end computing systems (2011)

We present the design of a silicon microsystem that utilizes dense, low-power photonic interconnects to enable a highly-compact supercomputer-scale system. We review recent progress in wavelength-division multiplexed, low-power silicon photonic interconnect components and discuss a future roadmap for the technology.
Differential and integral methods for three-dimensional inverse scattering problems with a non-local potential (1988)

The inverse scattering problem for the three-dimensional Schrodinger equation with a non-local potential diagonal in the radius variable is considered. Generalised Gel'fand-Levitan and Marchenko integral equations are derived using Gram-Schmidt orthogonalisations of free-space wave solutions. A generalised miracle equation is then used to recover the non-local potential. This is the first unified presentation of both the generalised Gel'fand-Levitan and Marchenko equations for this problem. New differential fast algorithms for solving these integral equations and recovering the potential are presented. An application to the problem of linear least-squares estimation of a random field is noted.
Application of the Biobed® Upflow Fluidized Bed Process for Anaerobic Waste Water Treatment (1992)

Over the past ten years Gist-brocades has been engaged in anaerobic waste water treatment. An in-depth research program concluded in the construction and operation of three full-scale plants for the treatment of yeast processing and pharmaceutical waste waters. Using the operational experience of the fluidized bed biomass-on-carrier systems and incorporating the strong assets of the Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket (UASB) system features a new process was developed, the so-called Upflow Fluidized Bed (UFB) BIOBED® process, which operation appeared to be very successful over a &amp;gt; 3 year period at full scale. The UFB BIOBED® system combines both characteristics of the UASB and FB processes. Biomass is present in a granular form but conditions with respect to upflow velocities for water and gas approach those of the original Fluidized Bed - biomass on carrier - (FB) system.
Generation of highly stable millimeter waves with low phase noise and narrow linewidth (2015)

We present a novel stabilization technique for millimeter waves produced by interfering two spectral lines of a frequency comb generated by a femtosecond fiber laser. In order to compensate the lasers repetition rate drift, the mm-wave is stabilized via modulation of one extracted comb line. Thus, no access to the lasers cavity is necessary. This leads to a stable and high quality mm-wave with a spectral linewidth of 1 Hz and a phase noise of −134 dBc/Hz at 10 kHz carrier offset via software stabilization technique. The long term stability shows a drift of the generated frequencies as low as 1 Hz over more than 40 minutes with an analog circuit.
UFIREG project: Ultrafine Particles – an evidence based contribution to the development of regional and European environmental and health policy (2013)

Background: There is still a need for appropriate measuring instrumentation for ultrafine particles (UFP) and their routinely application in air quality monitoring networks, especially in urban areas across European countries. Aims: Within the framework of the UFIREG project, measurements of UFP are currently conducted in five European cities: Dresden and Augsburg (Germany), Prague (Czech Republic), Ljubljana (Slovenia), and Chernivtsi (Ukraine). The specific objectives of the project are: (a) to prepare a cost-efficient UFP measurement strategy applicable in all European regions and (b) to investigate the short-term effects of size-fractioned UFP on mortality and morbidity in the five cities. Methods: UFP measurements within UFIREG are performed using Differential or Scanning Mobility Particle Sizer. In addition, two Ultrafine Particle Monitors, recently developed within the former EU project UFIPOLNET (Ultrafine particle size distributions in air pollution monitoring networks), are operated in Prague and Augsburg. An extensive quality assurance program is an essential part of UFIREG comprising staff training, an initial intercomparison of the instruments and frequent on-site comparisons against reference instruments. Results: Preliminary results of 2012 indicate no large differences between annual averages of UFP in the size range between 20 and 200 nm at all stations (except Chernivtsi). The annual means range between 6.000 and 6.500 particles per cm³. However, more pronounced differences were observed for weekly and monthly variation of UFP. Conclusions: On the basis of the measured air quality data, epidemiological studies will be carried out in all participating cities. These studies shall contribute to the environmental policy in Europe and concrete local measures by developing differentiated solutions to the respective regional settings.Therefore, the results will be passed on to local and national policy makers, environmental and health authorities, health insurance providers, as well as city citizens.
Universal grating coupler design (2013)

A universal design methodology for grating couplers based on the silicon-on-insultator platform is presented in this paper. Our design methodology accomodates various etch depths, silicon thickness (e.g., 220 nm, 300 nm), incident angles, and cladding materials (e.g., silicon oxide or air), and has been verified by simulations and measurement results. Further more, the design methodology presented can be applied to a wide range, from 1260 nm to 1675 nm, of wavelengths.
Photospallation: A New Theory and Mechanism for Mid-infrared Corneal Ablations (2000)

These preliminary calculations lend support to the conjecture that corneal tissue can be removed effectively with strongly absorbed nanosecond pulses from a mid-IR laser, using operational fluence levels of less than 200 mJ/cm2.
Upregulation effects of Tanshinone IIA on the expressions of NeuN, Nissl body, and IκB and downregulation effects on the expressions of GFAP and NF-κB in the brain tissues of rat models of Alzheimer’s disease (2015)

This study aimed to observe the effects of Tanshinone IIA(Tan IIA) treatment on the expression levels of brain tissue NeuN, Nissl body, IκB, GFAP and NF-κB in Alzheimer's disease (AD) rats to explore the possible anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective mechanisms of Tan IIA. Thirty healthy male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized into three groups: Sham group, AD+vehicle control group, and AD+Tan IIA group. The models of AD were established by injecting Aβ1-42 into the hippocampus of rats. Tagged position and the expression levels of Aβ1-42 were observed by immunohistochemistry staining to prove the success of the model of AD. Brain tissues of all groups were collected after Tan IIA treatment and paraffin sections were prepared to assess pathological changes and expression levels of GFAP, IκB and NF-κB by both immunohistochemistry and western blotting. After Aβ1-42 injection, the expression levels of GFAP and NF-κB were significantly stronger in the AD+vehicle control group than those in the AD+Tan IIA group and the sham group (P<0.05), the IκB expression level and the number of neurons and Nissl bodies of AD+vehicle control group was reduced compared with the sham or the AD+Tan IIA group (P<0.05). In conclusion, Aβ induces a cerebral tissue inflammation reaction. Tan IIA treatment can suppress the proliferation of astrocytes in an AD model, lower the level of NF-κB, and increase the level of NeuN, Nissl body, IκB, thus exerting anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects.
Diffuse Pulmonary Amyloidosis with Monoclonal IgG-kappa Gammopathy. (1997)

A 62-year-old female with diffuse pulmonary amyloidosis developed abnormal radiographic findings while under observation for hyperimmunoglobulinemia over a ten-year period. Serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) was elevated (4,620 mg/dl), and associated with monoclonal gammopathy (M protein) of the kappa type, but no evident abnormalities were apparent in bone marrow. Chest radiograph and computed tomography showed a diffuse reticulonodular shadow in the bilateral lung. Thoracoscopic lung biopsy specimen revealed depositions of amyloid in the bronchus and pulmonary vessel. We emphasize that diffuse pulmonary amyloidosis should be considered a possible diagnosis in the presence of monoclonal immunoglobulin.
Development of live attenuated influenza vaccines against pandemic influenza strains (2014)

Avian and animal influenza viruses can sporadically transmit to humans, causing outbreaks of varying severity. In some cases, further human-to-human virus transmission does not occur, and the outbreak in humans is limited. In other cases, sustained human-to-human transmission occurs, resulting in worldwide influenza pandemics. Preparation for future pandemics is an important global public health goal. A key objective of preparedness is to gain an understanding of how to design, test, and manufacture effective vaccines that could be stockpiled for use in a pandemic. This review summarizes results of an ongoing collaboration to produce, characterize, and clinically test a library of live attenuated influenza vaccine strains (based on Ann Arbor attenuated Type A strain) containing protective antigens from influenza viruses considered to be of high pandemic potential.
Interaction between localized and delocalized surface plasmon polariton modes in a metallic photonic crystal (2006)

Abstract We experimentally and theoretically study the controlled coupling between localized and delocalized surface plasmon modes supported by a multilayer metallic photonic crystal slab. The model system to visualize the interaction phenomena consists of a gold nanowire grating and a spatially separated homogeneous silver film. We show that plasmon‐plasmon coupling leads to drastic modification of the optical properties in dependence on the chosen geometrical parameters. Strong coupling and plasmon hybridization can be clearly observed. The numerical calculations reveal excellent agreement with the experiments. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH &amp; Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Catalytic carbonylation of acrylic acid to succinic anhydride (2023)

Alternative sources for polymeric materials have been sought in the past few years to reduce our dependence on fossil feedstock. We report the catalytic carbonylation of acrylic acid, a platform chemical that can be bio-sourced, as a new pathway toward the formation of a useful monomer to polyesters, namely succinic anhydride. The novel system reported herein tackles the difficult carbonylation of unsaturated carboxylic acids through the utilization of an Earth-abundant metal catalyst, [Co2(CO)8], in presence of a bidentate ligand, 1,2-bis(dicyclohexylphosphino)ethane (dcpe), and H2. We investigated the influence of the reaction conditions through the variations of metal, ligand, temperature, pressure, and gas composition variations. The carbonylative ring-closure of acrylic acid was successfully obtained in high yield and selectivity toward the formation of succinic anhydride using mild conditions (90 °C and 16 bar of CO/H2 95:5).
DISTRIBUTED COMPUTING ENVIRONMENT MONITORING AND USER EXPECTATIONS (1996)

This paper discusses the growing needs for distributed system monitoring and compares it to current practices. It then goes on to identify the components of distributed system monitoring and shows how they are implemented and successfully used at one site today to address the Local Area Network (LAN), network services and applications, the Wide Area Network (WAN), and host monitoring. It shows how this monitoring can be used to develop realistic service level expectations and also identifies the costs. Finally, the paper briefly discusses the future challenges in network monitoring. 1
Generation of Mid-IR Radiation by Four-Wave Mixing in Metal Coated Waveguides (2015)

2.7-μm microjoule femtosecond pulses are generated in a metal coated hollow fiber thru four-wave-mixing parametric amplification. Numerical simulations predict generation of few-cycle optical pulses with the central wavelength extending beyond 10 μm.
A novel varactor diodeless push-push VCO with wide tuning range (2006)

A Ku-band push-push VCO for low-cost applications is proposed. The proposed push-push oscillator achieves a wide tuning range in the Ku-band by the collector bias tuning instead of varactor tuning. The designed Ku-band VCO shows a wide tuning range of 900 MHz, excellent fundamental suppression of −30 dBc, and good phase noise of −115 dBc at 1-MHz offset. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 48: 1569–1572, 2006; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.21726
Ultrafast Folding of a Computationally Designed Trp-Cage Mutant:  Trp2-Cage (2005)

Miniproteins provide useful model systems for understanding the principles of protein folding and design. These proteins also serve as useful test cases for theories of protein folding, and their small size and ultrafast folding kinetics put them in a regime of size and time scales that is now becoming accessible to molecular dynamics simulations. Previous estimates have suggested the "speed limit" for folding is on the order of 1 mus. Here a computationally designed mutant of the 20-residue Trp-cage miniprotein, Trp2-cage, is presented. The Trp2-cage has greater stability than the parent and folds on the ultrafast time scale of 1 mICROs at room temperature, as determined from infrared temperature-jump experiments.
Pheromones and pheromone-related volatiles of four Rhynchopherinae weevils (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) (1993)

International audience
Development of a fluorogenic 5' nuclease PCR Assay for the detection of pathogenic Yersinia enterocolitica (2000)

In this report, we describe the development and evaluation of a 5' nuclease PCR assay for the detection of pathogenic Yersinia enterocolitica (YE). The assay targets the chromosomally encoded invasion gene ail. Three different primer/probe sets (TM1, TM2, and TM3) amplifying different, yet overlapping, regions of ail were examined for their specificity and sensitivity. The TM1 set displayed the highest specificity, accurately detecting each of the 26 YE strains and none of the 21 non-enterocolitica strains. This set was sensitive to approximately 0.5 pg of purified Y. enterocolitica DNA. The TM2 set was the most sensitive, allowing detection in the range of 0.25 pg of purified DNA. However, it was not specific and failed to recognize 10 of the YE strains used in this study. Sensitivities comparable to TM1 were achieved with the TM3 set; cross-reaction with non-enterocolitica strains was not observed. However, this set failed to positively identify all of the YE strains tested.