gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Metallurgical investigation in weldability of Aluminium Silicon coated boron steel with different coating thickness. (2015)

Hot-pressed aluminium and silicon coated boron steel is used in the car industry where high tensile strength is of great importance, such as in the safety cage of a car where deformation has to be kept to a minimum in case of a collision. After hot-pressing the AlSi-boron steel shows excellent properties with high tensile strength, minimal spring back and also shows good protection against corrosion. A thickness of the AlSi coating of 150 [g/m2] for AlSi coated boron steel is typically used by the car industry today. However the coating thickness would be desirable to be minimized to 80 [g/m2]. Welding of this boron steel with 80 [g/m2]have shown difficulties; and it’s not clear why this occurs. In this report the metallurgical properties of the different coating layers will be investigated, simulations with Thermocalc module Dictra will be used, SEM/EDS will be used to characterize phases in coating layers and correlate to weldability. Resistance spot welding tests will also be performed where the welding parameters of pre-pulse, pulse time, time in between pulses and current will be varied to achieve desirable weld plug diameter without expulsion. Hardness testing in form of micro Vickers will executed. The Materials used will be USIBOR® 1500, AS80 with four different annealing times and one sample of AS150.
Noise-Resilient and Interpretable Epileptic Seizure Detection (2020)

Deep convolutional neural networks have recently emerged as a state-of-the art tool in detection of seizures. Such models offer the ability to extract complex nonlinear representations of an electroencephalogram (EEG) signal which can improve accuracy over methods relying on hand-crafted features. However, neural networks are susceptible to confounding artifacts commonly present in EEG signals and are notoriously difficult to interpret. In this work, we present a neural-network based algorithm for seizure detection which leverages recent advances in information theory to construct a signal representation containing the minimal amount of information necessary to discriminate between seizure and normal brain activity. We show our approach automatically learns representations that ignore common signal artifacts and which encode medically relevant information from the raw signal.
Effect of Overlapping Bands on Intensities in ATR FT-IR Spectra (1992)

In this study, several spectra were simulated, and the effect of spectral resolution and intensity is compared for ATR and transmission measurements. The analysis of ATR spectra shows that the intensity differences become more pronounced with the increasing band intensities and decreasing separation of the bands. The intensity ratio differences in ATR spectra are due to the superposition of the asymmetric dispersion bands of the refractive index spectrum. The difference between the spectral features in an overlapping region in ATR and transmission measurements is illustrated, and it is shown that the optical dispersion effect can be effectively eliminated by converting an ATR spectrum into its absorbance counterpart with the use of the Kramers-Kronig transform.
Use and Abuse of Analgesics in Tension-Type Headache (1994)

Eighty patients suffering from tension-type headache for an average of 21 years were asked to report on all drugs they had ever taken (type, dosage, duration of intake, efficacy) or were taking currently. The patients had consumed on average 6.3 different drugs. The cumulative doses of derivatives of para-aminophenol, pyrazolone, and salicylic acid in some cases reached a maximum of several kilograms. Most drugs were classified by the patients as "moderately effective". The rating "very effective" was assigned primarily to barbiturates; however, barbiturates are no longer used as components of compound analgesic drugs in Austria. At the time of investigation, patients consumed 2.5 (mean) different drugs, primarily as compound preparations. Seventeen patients (21%) showed signs of possible analgesics- or ergotamine-induced headache and were therefore advised to undergo withdrawal therapy. Our results show that patients with tension-type headache are at considerable risk of becoming drug-dependent and of acquiring analgesics-induced headache.
On improving the computational efficiency of digital lightwave link simulation (1990)

Monte Carlo simulation can be used to estimate the bit error rate (BER) in digital lightwave communication links. However, when the link includes an avalanche photodetector (APD) receiver and is operating at a low BER, Monte Carlo simulation requires excessive execution time unless assumptions are made about the APD statistics. Techniques are presented that reduce the computational resources required to estimate the BER for these systems by two orders of magnitude. The speed-up is achieved by developing anew, more efficient random number generation algorithm for APD shot noise and by applying a tail extrapolation technique to the conditional distributions at the sample-and-decide input in the receiver. Receiver thermal noise is handled analytically. Accurate BER estimates for an NRZ direct-detection system are obtained in approximately 1.5 CPU hours on a VAXstation II using a combination of these techniques.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Statistical analysis of chaotic stochastic properties based on the logistic map and Fibonacci sequence (2013)

The chaotic cryptosystems are widely researched in the scientific and technical fields. But the dynamical degradation is a hindrance to digital chaotic maps. In this paper, we present a detailed statistical analysis of the mixed chaotic series based on the logistic map and Fibonacci sequence, which convert the value of the logistic map into the integer number by Fibonacci sequence. The experimental results show that the mixed chaotic series have the desired dynamics and randomness with the range of (0, 256). It is the prevention and remedy to the dynamical degradation of chaotic maps. It can be applied to the chaotic cryptosystems and security communications.
Adversarial Domain Adaptation for Gear Crack Level Classification Under Variable Load (2020)

Traditional intelligent fault diagnosis assumes that the training and testing samples are drawn from the same distribution. This assumption does not hold when working condition changes, as variable working condition can make the training and the testing datasets have different distributions. A novel working condition might be encountered in the testing stage, and there will be no label available under that novel working condition. This paper studies domain adaptation for gear crack level diagnosis under variable loading. A new two-stage fault diagnostic method for variable load condition is developed based on adversarial training strategy and gradient reversal layer. Both labeled and unlabeled data are utilized to learn best model for the novel load condition. An experimental case study is carried out to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Synthesis of cyclic and acyclic partial retro‐inverso modified enkephalins (1984)

The cyclic partial retro-inverso modified enkephalins, H-Tyr-cyclo[-D-Glu-Gly-gPhe-D-Leu-] (I), H-Tyr-cyclo[-D-A2bu-Gly-gPhe-R&S-mLeu-] (IIf, IIs), and H-Tyr-cyclo[-D-Glu-Gly-Phe-gLeu-] (III), have been synthesized by solution methodology. In a like manner, their corresponding acyclic analogs Ia-IIIa containing D-Ala2 have also been prepared. Gem-diaminoalkyl residues were generated by conversion of Boc-dipeptide carboxamide to the corresponding gem-diaminoalkyl "dipeptide" salt using [bis(trifluoroacetoxy)iodo] benzene. Cyclizations were achieved at high dilution utilizing diphenylphosphoryl azide as the coupling reagent.
Refractive index sensing characteristics of dual resonance long period gratings in bare and metal-coated D-shaped fibers (2009)

We present a theoretical study of the ambient refractive index sensing characteristics of long period gratings in bare and metal-coated D-shaped fibers. An equivalent rectangular core waveguide method based on the first-order perturbation theory has been used to study the modal behavior of the waveguide. Power coupling corresponding to dual resonance in both cases has been investigated, and an optimum metal thickness giving maximum sensitivity has been found to exist. The study shows that the dual resonances can be shifted to lower wavelengths by increasing (decreasing) the metal thickness (core to flat surface separation). Further, an optimum combination of metal thickness and core to flat surface separation, corresponding to maximum sensitivity, has been presented for different cladding modes and their relative performance has been discussed. It has been shown theoretically that detection of refractive index changes as small as 1.67x10(-7) RIU in the ambient region is possible using the optimized parameters. The study should find application in realizing highly sensitive biochemical sensors.
Noise in STM due to atoms moving in the tunneling space (1993)

A theory of electron tunneling through an adiabatically time-dependent potential barrier is applied to describe fluctuations of the scanning-tunneling-microscope current, induced by the motion of atoms in the tunneling gap. We show that atoms of a gas intervening between the tip and the sample introduce a noise small compared to the shot and thermal-electron noises. On the contrary, the noise induced by the movement of adsorbed atoms can be large enough to be observed. Simple formulas for the average current and temporal correlation functions of the current are offered to treat data on surface diffusion.
Sensory Characteristics of Sucralose and other High Intensity Sweeteners (1992)

ABSTRACT The sensory characteristics of the high potency sweetener sucralose were studied relative to sucrose, aspartame, saccharin, and acesulfame‐K in a simple aqueous system. Trained panelists provided sweetness intensity estimates for each sweetener at six concentration steps using magnitude estimation. Taste profiles were obtained using category scaling procedures. Results indicated that (a) sucralose, aspartame, and sucrose had similar taste properties, (b) the psychophysical sweetness function of sucralose was similar to the other sweeteners studied, and (c) sweetness potencies of all sweeteners were concentration dependent with sucralose having the highest potency values ranging from 400–700 times the sweetness of sucrose on a weight basis.
Application of neural networks to radar image classification (1994)

A number of methods have been developed to classify ground terrain types from fully polarimetric synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images, and these techniques are often grouped into supervised and unsupervised approaches. Supervised methods have yielded higher accuracy than unsupervised techniques, but suffer from the need for human interaction to determine classes and training regions. In contrast, unsupervised methods determine classes automatically, but generally show limited ability to accurately divide terrain into natural classes. In this paper, a new terrain classification technique is introduced to determine terrain classes in polarimetric SAR images, utilizing unsupervised neural networks to provide automatic classification, and employing an iterative algorithm to improve the performance. Several types of unsupervised neural networks are first applied to the classification of SAR images, and the results are compared to those of more conventional unsupervised methods. Results show that one neural network method-Learning Vector Quantization (LVQ)-outperforms the conventional unsupervised classifiers, but is still inferior to supervised methods. To overcome this poor accuracy, an iterative algorithm is proposed where the SAR image is reclassified using a maximum likelihood (ML) classifier. It is shown that this algorithm converges, and significantly improves classification accuracy.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
IEEE Journal on Exploratory Solid-State Computational Devices and Circuits—Volume 7, No. 1 (2021)

Welcome to the seventh volume, first semiannual issue of the IEEE Journal on Exploratory Solid-State Computational Devices and Circuits (JXCDC), a multidisciplinary, open access IEEE journal that is focused on publishing seminal research in the exploration for energy-efficient computing based on physics and materials to enable new devices, circuits, and architecture that will be of great interest to integrated circuit researchers and those working in the IT industry. The articles in the journal are selectively chosen to provide insight into the architectural, circuit, and device implications of emerging quantum nanoelectronic and nanomagnetic device technologies. The discovery of new materials, devices, and circuits for energy-efficient computational circuits will be needed to enable Moore’s law to continue for computing beyond the end of the roadmap for CMOS technologies, with significant improvement in energy efficiency and cost per function.
When the Baby Falls!: The Cultural Construction of Miscarriage Among Hmong Women in Australia (2000)

ABSTRACT In this paper, traditional Hmong explanations about miscarriage and the ethnomedical knowledge and practices which pertain to it are explored. They are derived from in-depth interviews and participant observation with the Hmong who are now living in Melbourne, Australia. The loss of pregnancy creates considerable anxiety in Hmong society. This is not only because it calls for a socially justifiable explanation for a family's failure to extend their lineage, but also reduces the venue for a soul to be re-born into the family. This is a threat for Hmong society since it means the extinction of the family, clan and lineage and hence Hmong society. The cultural construction of the causes of miscarriage among the Hmong surrounds two main categories: the natural world which is related to the woman's body and her behaviour; and the supernatural world. These explanations point to the influence that individuals, both living and dead, have on pregnancies. In traditional Hmong society, health is perceived as a harmony between the social, and religious or supernatural realm. A woman being unable to bring forth an offspring because of miscarriage indicates disharmony with the living and/or between the living and the dead.
Diskusvorverlagerung des Kiefergelenks: Korrelation von Magnetresonanztomographie und klinischem Untersuchungsbefund (1996)

Patients with internal derangement of the temporomandibular joint may be asymptomatic. Patients history may give the only pointer to the disorder.
An Orally Administered Ghrelin Agonist (TZP-102) Decreases the Overall Severity of Symptoms of Diabetic Gastroparesis (GP): Phase 2 Proof of Concept Study - Preliminary Results (2010)

Purpose: TZP-102 is a potent, selective ghrelin agonist for oral administration. Initial human TZP-102 PK, PD and safety data demonstrated a favorable profile for further development in chronic gastrointestinal (GI) motility disorders. The goal was to evaluate TZP-102 effects on symptom improvement and gastric emptying (GE) in patients with diabetic GP. Methods: Patients with diabetes, delayed GE by 13C-octanoate breath test (BT) and symptom severity ≥ 2.66 (Gastroparesis Cardinal Symptom Index, 0-5 scale) were randomized to receive a once-daily oral dose of TZP-102 (10, 20 or 40 mg) or placebo for 28 days. TZP-102 effects on symptoms were evaluated by patient-reported symptom severity scales during treatment (Days 8, 15, and 28) and during follow-up (Days 42 and 58). The effects on GE were assessed by BT on Days 1 and 28. Patient safety was monitored by vital signs, ECGs, blood work and adverse events. Results: Eight-seven diabetic patients (females ≈70%; average age 50 years (range 20-70); ≈90% Caucasians; average BMI 29 (range 18-41); type 1 diabetes ≈60%; average HbA1c 8%, (range 5-11) were dosed for 28 days. The baseline (average) values for critical parameters were: GCSI Total Score 3.3 (range 0.8-4.8); BT half-emptying time 195min (range 139-360). All TZP-102 doses were effective, with 20 mg considered optimal. Proportions of patients with normalized GE at treatment end (Day 28) were 52.6% for 20 mg TZP-102 and 31.8% for placebo (p=0.216). With 20 mg TZP-102 there were clinically meaningful (0.5-1.0 point improvement over placebo) and statistically significant (vs. placebo) improvements at treatment end in Total GCSI, Nausea, Early Satiety, Excessive Fullness, Postprandial Fullness and Stomach Feeling Large scores. The average severity of symptoms during treatment (mean of Days 8, 15 and 28) also showed clinically and statistically significant improvements. TZP-102 also improved Upper & Lower Abdominal Pain/Discomfort. These effects did not last beyond the treatment period. All doses of TZP-102 were well tolerated. Conclusion: TZP-102 remarkably improved frequent and predominant symptoms in patients with diabetic GP, warranting further clinical evaluation in chronic GI motility disorders. Disclosure: J Wo - Grant/Research Support: Tranyzme, Inc.; R Venuti - Employee: Tranyzme, Inc.; R McCallum - Consultant: Tranzyme, Inc., Grant/Research Support: Tranyzme, Inc.; T Esfandyari - Grant/Research Support: Tranyzme, Inc.; M Jamal - Grant/Research Support: Tranyzme, Inc.; G Dimcevski - Grant/Research Support: Tranyzme, Inc.; L Tarnow - Grant/Research Support: Tranyzme, Inc.; R Malik - Grant/Research Support: Tranyzme, Inc.; P Hellstöm - Grant/Research Support: Tranyzme, Inc.; L Shaughnessy - Employee: Tranyzme, Inc.; P Charlton - Employee: Tranyzme, Inc.; G Kosutić - Employee: Tranyzme, Inc.; N Ejskjaer - Consultant: Tranzyme, Inc., Grant/Research Support: Tranyzme, Inc.Table: [1320]This research was supported by an industry grant from Tranzyme, Inc.
Expression of the adenylate cyclase gene during cell elongation in Escherichia coli K-12 (1986)

Expression of the adenylate cyclase gene (cya) in synchronized Escherichia coli cells was investigated by using the cya-lacZ protein and operon fusion plasmids. The regulation of cya expression during the cell cycle is characterized as follows: cya is expressed during cell elongation; expression is repressed during cell division; regulation is exerted at the transcriptional level. To test cya expression during cell elongation, we constructed a plasmid (pLCR1) in which the lacUV5 promoter operator was fused to the structural gene of cya and investigated the effect of cya expression by isopropyl-beta-D-thiogalactopyranoside (IPTG) on the cell division of cells containing pLCR1. By the addition of IPTG, cell division was inhibited and filaments were formed. Such an inhibitory effect was antagonized by adding cyclic GMP to the culture medium and was not observed in the crp mutant.
Analysis of renal denervation in the hydropenic rat: interactions with angiotensin II (1984)

Nephron filtration rate (SNGFR), its determinants, and proximal tubular reabsorption were measured in hydropenic Munich-Wistar rats with sham-operated (sham) or denervated (DNx) kidneys before and during the administration of [Sar1, Ala8]angiotensin II or SQ 14225. The glomerular ultrafiltration coefficient (LpA) was significantly lower in DNx than in sham rats (P less than 0.025). However, SNGFR was not altered due to an offsetting increment in transcapillary glomerular hydrostatic pressure (delta P) in DNx (P less than 0.005). The marked increment of delta P in DNx was due to an increase in the glomerular capillary hydrostatic pressure, secondary to decreased afferent arteriolar resistance. The infusion of angiotensin II inhibitors to denervated kidneys completely normalized LpA but did not alter sham values. SQ 14225 but not [Sar1, Ala8]angiotensin II infusion provided a nephron plasma flow-dependent increase in SNGFR, secondary to a striking reduction in both glomerular vascular resistances. Endogenous angiotensin II activity may be enhanced by renal denervation, and angiotensin II acts to reduce LpA in this condition and may modulate the final level of renal vascular resistances after acute renal denervation.
Maintenance and reappearance of extremely divergent intra-host HIV-1 variants (2018)

Understanding genetic variation in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is clinically and immunologically important for patient treatment and vaccine development. We investigated the longitudinal intra-host genetic variation of HIV in over 3,000 individuals in the US National HIV Surveillance System with at least four reported HIV-1 polymerase (<i>pol</i>) sequences. In this population, we identified 149 putative instances of superinfection (i.e. an individual sequentially infected with genetically divergent, polyphyletic viruses). Unexpectedly, we discovered a group of 240 individuals with consecutively sampled viral strains that were >0.015 substitutions/site divergent, despite remaining monophyletic in the phylogeny. Viruses in some of these individuals had a maximum genetic divergence approaching that found between two random, unrelated HIV-1 subtype-B <i>pol</i> sequences within the US population. Individuals with these highly divergent viruses tended to be diagnosed nearly a decade earlier in the epidemic than people with superinfection or virus with less intra-host genetic variation, and they had distinct transmission risk factor profiles. To better understand this genetic variation in cases with extremely divergent, monophyletic viruses, we performed molecular clock phylogenetic analysis. Our findings suggest that, like Hepatitis C virus, extremely divergent HIV lineages can be maintained within an individual and reemerge over a period of years.
Energy harvesting wireless networks with correlated energy sources (2019)

This work considers a system with two energy harvesting (EH) nodes transmitting to a common destination over a random access channel. The amount of harvested energy is assumed to be random and independent over time, but correlated among the nodes possibly with respect to their relative position. A threshold-based transmission policy is developed for the maximization of the expected aggregate network throughput. Assuming that there is no a priori channel state or EH information available to the nodes, the aggregate network throughput is obtained. The optimal thresholds are determined for two practically important special cases: i) at any time only one of the sensors harvests energy due to, for example, physical separation of the nodes; ii) the nodes are spatially close, and at any time, either both nodes or none of them harvests energy.