gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Lysozyme: primary bactericidin in human plasma serum active against Bacillus subtilis (1978)

The in vitro bactericidal reaction of human plasma serum against Bacillus subtilis was investigated. Human lysozyme was purified to homogeneity, and antiserum was prepared against the enzyme. The anti-lysozyme immunoglobulin G was used as a specific inhibitor in bactericidal and bacteriolytic reactions. It was found that at low serum concentrations lysozyme was the primary bactericide active against B. subtilis. At appreciably higher serum concentrations, a lysozyme-independent bactericidal activity was also demonstrated.
Wideband array developments for planned and future radio astronomy antennas (2013)

The radio astronomy community is engaged in the development of the Square Kilometre Array (SKA). The SKA will have 10-100 times improved sensitivity and 105 times improved survey speed compared to existing radio telescopes. Besides dishes, Aperture Arrays (AA) are a promising concept: they potentially offer a very large field of view in theory only limited by the computing power and they hold promise for multioctave frequency coverage. Provided that e.g. polarimetric and calibration issues can be solved, this approach is the preferred solution for low frequency astronomy, with the SKA AA-low system, specified to run from 70 to 450MHz, and the AA-mid system designed for 400-1420MHz. This contribution will address some key issues to be solved using input from demonstrators.
Dynamic Enhancements of Sample Loading and Analyte Concentration in Capillary Isoelectric Focusing for Proteome Studies (2003)

Capillary isoelectric focusing (CIEF) involves the use of the entire capillary filled with a mixture containing protein/peptide analytes and carrier ampholytes. Thus, the preparative capabilities of CIEF are inherently greater than most capillary-based electrokinetic separation techniques. To further increase sample loading and, therefore, the concentrations of focused analytes, a dynamic approach, which is based on electrokinetic injection of proteins/peptides from a solution reservoir, is demonstrated using a low p/ protein calibration kit and tryptic peptides from Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The proteins/peptides continuously migrate into the capillary and encounter a pH gradient established by carrier ampholytes originally present in the capillary for focusing and separation. Dynamic introduction and focusing in CIEF can be directly controlled by various electrokinetic conditions, including the injection time and the applied electric field strength. Differences in the sample loading are contributed by electrokinetic injection bias and are affected by the individual analyte's electrophoretic mobility. Depending on the mobilities of yeast peptides, the loading capacity of each peptide is measured to be around 8 to 45-fold of that obtained in conventional CIEF. By comparing with the concentrations of dilute yeast peptides originally present in the reservoir, an overall concentration factor of 1400-7700 together with excellent separation resolution is achieved using dynamic introduction and focusing. This concentration effect is further illustrated by detecting 10 pg/microL of bradykinin peptide spiked in yeast protein digest using only ultraviolet absorption.
Applications of a Hybrid Manufacturing Process for Fabrication and Repair of Metallic Structures (2006)

Since its appearance, rapid prototyping technology has been of interest to various industries that are looking for a process to produce/build a part directly from a CAD model in a short time. Among them, the direct metal deposition process is the only process which directly manufactures a fully dense metal part without intermediate steps. However, challenges of the direct metal deposition process include building overhang structures, producing precision surfaces, and making parts with complex structures. Coupled between the additive and the subtractive processes into a single workstation, the integrated process, or hybrid process, can produce a metal part with machining accuracy and surface finish. Therefore, the hybrid process is potentially a very competitive process to fabricate and repair metallic structures. This paper summarizes the current development of the hybrid process to process high temperature metallic materials, including tool steel and Ti64. Research in simulation and modeling, process development, and actual part building and repair are discussed.
<title>Objective video quality assessment system based on human perception</title> (1993)

The Institute for Telecommunication Sciences (ITS) has developed an objective video quality assessment system that emulates human perception. The perception-based system was developed and tested for a broad range of scenes and video technologies. The 36 test scenes contained widely varying amounts of spatial and temporal information. The 27 impairments included digital video compression systems operating at line rates from 56 kbits/sec to 45 Mbits/sec with controlled error rates, NTSC encode/decode cycles, VHS and S-VHS record/play cycles, and VHF transmission. Subjective viewer ratings of the video quality were gathered in the ITS subjective viewing laboratory that conforms to CCIR Recommendation 500-3. Objective measures of video quality were extracted from the digitally sampled video. These objective measurements are designed to quantify the spatial and temporal distortions perceived by the viewer. This paper presents the following: a detailed description of several of the best ITS objective measurements, a perception-based model that predicts subjective ratings from these objective measurements, and a demonstration of the correlation between the model's predictions and viewer panel ratings.
The need for education in evidence-based orthopedicsAn international survey of AO course participants (2004)

532 participants completed the questionnaire. They represented 78 countries, the majority of which (31%) were from German-speaking countries. A greater proportion of participants trusted randomized controlled trials (89%) and meta-analyses of randomized trials (81%) when compared with case series and case reports. 60 respondents (11%) had never heard of the term "randomization" as a study design method to limit bias, and 114 respondents (21%) had never heard of the term "blinding" as a method of reducing bias in surgical research. When those who had heard of blinding were asked to define the term "double-blind", 20 different definitions resulted. Having completed the survey, nine-tenths of the respondents endorsed the need for training of surgeons in research methodology.
NAV-Edge: Edge detection of potential-field sources using normalized anisotropy variance (2014)

ABSTRACT Most existing edge-detection algorithms are based on the derivatives of potential-field data, and thus, enhance high wavenumber information and are sensitive to noise. The normalized anisotropy variance method (NAV-Edge) was proposed for detecting edges of potential-field anomaly sources based on the idea of normalized standard deviation (NSTD). The main improvement over the balanced, windowed normalized variance method (i.e., NSTD) used for similar purposes was the application of an anisotropic Gaussian function designed to detect directional edges and reduce sensitivity to noise. NAV-Edge did not directly use higher-order derivatives and was less sensitive to noise than the traditional methods that use derivatives in their calculation. The utility of NAV-Edge was demonstrated using synthetic potential-field data and real magnetic data. Compared with several existing methods (i.e., the curvature of horizontal gradient amplitude, tilt angle and its total-horizontal derivative, theta map, and NSTD), NAV-Edge produced superior results by locating edges closer to the true edges, resulting in better interpretive images.
The Activation of Mucosal-Associated Invariant T (MAIT) Cells Is Affected by Microbial Diversity and Riboflavin Utilization in vitro (2020)

Recent research has demonstrated that MAIT cells are activated by individual bacterial or yeasts species that possess the riboflavin biosynthesis pathway. However, little is known about the MAIT cell activating potential of microbial communities and the contribution of individual community members. Here, we analyze the MAIT cell activating potential of a human intestinal model community (SIHUMIx) as well as intestinal microbiota after bioreactor cultivation. We determined the contribution of individual SIHUMIx community members to the MAIT cell activating potential and investigated whether microbial stress can influence their MAIT cell activating potential. The MAIT cell activating potential of SIHUMIx was directly related to the relative species abundances in the community. We therefore suggest an additive relationship between the species abundances and their MAIT cell activating potential. In diverse microbial communities, we found that a low MAIT cell activating potential was associated with high microbial diversity and a high level of riboflavin demand and vice versa. We suggest that microbial diversity might affect MAIT cell activation via riboflavin utilization within the community. Microbial acid stress significantly reduced the MAIT cell activating potential of SIHUMIx by impairing riboflavin availability through increasing the riboflavin demand. We show that MAIT cells can perceive microbial stress due to changes in riboflavin utilization and that riboflavin availability might also play a central role for the MAIT cell activating potential of diverse microbiota.
Optimising Performance for NB-IoT UE Devices through Data Driven Models (2021)

This paper presents a data driven framework for performance optimisation of Narrow-Band IoT user equipment. The proposed framework is an edge micro-service that suggests one-time configurations to user equipment communicating with a base station. Suggested configurations are delivered from a Configuration Advocate, to improve energy consumption, delay, throughput or a combination of those metrics, depending on the user-end device and the application. Reinforcement learning utilising gradient descent and genetic algorithm is adopted synchronously with machine and deep learning algorithms to predict the environmental states and suggest an optimal configuration. The results highlight the adaptability of the Deep Neural Network in the prediction of intermediary environmental states, additionally the results present superior performance of the genetic reinforcement learning algorithm regarding its performance optimisation.
Operational results of an improved regulator and trigger system for the 'fast' raster scanning power supply system constructed at the Bevalac Biomedical Facility (2002)

A new and improved regulator and trigger control system has been installed in the fast raster scanning power supply. Initial system testing of the power supply revealed several component and system reliability problems in the fast scanner section. A condensed discussion of the nature of these problems and their subsequent resolution is given. The beam scanning system was developed to achieve a more precise and efficient dose delivery method for radiotherapy treatments. The authors discuss design considerations and measured results and provide further elaboration of subsystem feedback and control functions not discussed in earlier studies.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Activation-Based Cause Analysis Method for Neural Networks (2021)

As neural networks are ubiquitous in the real-world environment, we encounter a variety of situations in which neural network-based systems fail. To address these failures, we need to identify their root causes. However, due to the black-box nature of neural networks, it is considered a difficult task to explain/understand internal functions, and cause analysis is usually conducted based on personal experience. To alleviate these problems, we propose a method to compute an element-wise contribution of inputs on current decisions. To this end, we focus on the physical meaning of neuron activations, and formulate an optimization problem that finds partial activations that support current decisions. Then, by accumulating these partial activations in the backward direction, we evaluate the contributions of each element in an input vector to the current decision. Experimental results have shown that the proposed method outperforms conventional methods in terms of cause localization for a range of failure scenarios.
Visual colorimetry for determination of trace arsenic in groundwater based on improved molybdenum blue spectrophotometry (2015)

A sensitive on-site visual method for determination of trace arsenic in groundwater based on molybdenum blue colorimetry combined with a membrane filtration technique was developed.
A system architecture for the concurrent evaluation of applicative program expressions (1983)

The paper outlines the principles for the concurrent evaluation of applicative programs based on Berklings reduction language. The recursive style of program design supported by this language lends itself to a recursive partitioning scheme which, for suitable program expressions, generates dynamically a hierarchy of processes for the concurrent evaluation of subexpressions. This hierarchy can elegantly be mapped onto a system of cooperating reduction machines featuring a stack architecture. A special ticket mechanism enforces an upper limit on the number of processes that, at any time, may exist within the system, which does not significantly exceed the number of the available machines.
A Dimer Interface Mutation in Glyceraldehyde-3-Phosphate Dehydrogenase Regulates Its Binding to AU-rich RNA (2014)

Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) is an enzyme best known for its role in glycolysis. However, extra-glycolytic functions of GAPDH have been described, including regulation of protein expression via RNA binding. GAPDH binds to numerous adenine-uridine rich elements (AREs) from various mRNA 3'-untranslated regions in vitro and in vivo despite its lack of a canonical RNA binding motif. How GAPDH binds to these AREs is still unknown. Here we discovered that GAPDH binds with high affinity to the core ARE from tumor necrosis factor-α mRNA via a two-step binding mechanism. We demonstrate that a mutation at the GAPDH dimer interface impairs formation of the second RNA-GAPDH complex and leads to changes in the RNA structure. We investigated the effect of this interfacial mutation on GAPDH oligomerization by crystallography, small-angle x-ray scattering, nano-electrospray ionization native mass spectrometry, and hydrogen-deuterium exchange mass spectrometry. We show that the mutation does not significantly affect GAPDH tetramerization as previously proposed. Instead, the mutation promotes short-range and long-range dynamic changes in regions located at the dimer and tetramer interface and in the NAD(+) binding site. These dynamic changes are localized along the P axis of the GAPDH tetramer, suggesting that this region is important for RNA binding. Based on our results, we propose a model for sequential GAPDH binding to RNA via residues located at the dimer and tetramer interfaces.
Effects of high ambient temperature on glow-peak fading properties of Lif:Mg,Ti thermoluminescent dosemeters (2011)

The effects of a controlled high temperature environment on LiF:Mg,Ti thermoluminescent dosemeters (TLDs) were investigated. TLDs were exposed to ambient temperatures of 30, 40 and 50°C. Sensitivity changes before irradiation, typically called pre-irradiation fading, and signal loss after irradiation, called post-irradiation fading, were studied. Dosemeters were subjected to up to 33 d of pre-irradiation and 68 d of post-irradiation storage. For pre-irradiation fading, peak 5 showed a signal increase of ∼30 % and peak 4 showed an ∼30 % decrease in 20 d. The sum of the areas of peaks 4 and 5 remained relatively constant even for long pre-irradiation times, although at 50°C, losses in peak 5 signal were too significant to maintain the sum of peaks 4 and 5 constant. Peak 3 was still detectable even at 50°C and the longest irradiation times, but peak 2 was very difficult to detect after 15-20 d, especially with post-irradiation fading.
Notes of a protein crystallographer:quo vadisstructural biology? (2007)

The origins of molecular and structural biology are briefly discussed in the context of the current status of the field. The future of structure biology is reviewed suggesting that in order to reach a new level of understanding of biological processes is necessary to include the notions of dissipative structures within the conceptual framework of non-equilibrium thermodynamics.
3-D motion and shape from multiple image sequences (2004)

We propose a method for determining the accurate local 3-D motion and shape of objects in image sequences from multiple views. The shape of the considered object is calculated at each time step using image sequences, synchronously acquired by two or more calibrated cameras. Starting from an initial shape model of the object a stepwise refinement process is performed in which the model is adapted to the actual shape according to a cost function. This function maximizes the similarity between the respective model projections of the object onto the images. In order to obtain an appropriate initial shape model at the consecutive time step a motion estimation technique for monocular image sequences is applied. The proposed method is applicable for rigid and deformable objects as well. Selected results for real-world image sequences are presented.
Detection of Ethanol Adulteration in Citronellal Oil by using Near Infared Spectroscopy and Multivariate Data Analysis (2013)

Citronella oil is one of the essential oils obtained from the leaves and stems of different species of Cymbopogon. The oil is used extensively as a source of perfumery chemicals such as citronellal, citronellol and geraniol. These chemicals are use in soap, perfumery, cosmetic, flavouring industries and also insect repellent throughout the world. The objective of this study is to use Near Infrared Spectroscopy (NIRS) as a rapid analytical technique for quantitative assessment of purity in citronella oils. At first, the potential of NIRS in controlling and monitoring the quality of essential oil was investigated by diluting ethanol in different concentration as perturbation. Partial Least Square (PLS) regression method was used as a mathematical approach to detect and quantify ethanol. A number of wavelength ranges and data pretreatments were explored. The accuracy of these mathematical models was compared, and the most successful models were identified. The results demonstrate that NIRS technology was useful in the rapid and accurate detect and quantify ethanol in citronella oil.
Isothermal Forging of TiAl-based Intermetallic Compounds. (1991)

Fundam~ental study of the high temperature deformation of titanium aluminide. TiAl, has been conducted in order to develop the manufacturing process using isothermal forging. Theflow stress was exactly expressed using Zenner-Hollomon parameter as well as common metals. The recrystallization occurred during high temperature deformation, and structure was transformed from the lamellar structure to the fine recrystallized grain structure. And there were some deformation conditions where TiAl could be deformed without any defects up to 800/0 degree of reduction from as cast state.
Comparative Genetic Mapping and Discovery of Linkage Disequilibrium Across Linkage Groups in White Clover (Trifolium repensL.) (2012)

White clover (Trifolium repens L.) is an allotetraploid species (2n = 4X = 32) that is widely distributed in temperate regions and cultivated as a forage legume. In this study, we developed expressed sequence tag (EST)-derived simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers, constructed linkage maps, and performed comparative mapping with other legume species. A total of 7982 ESTs that could be assembled into 5400 contigs and 2582 singletons were generated. Using the EST sequences that were obtained, 1973 primer pairs to amplify EST-derived SSR markers were designed and used for linkage analysis of 188 F(1) progenies, which were generated by a cross between two Japanese plants, '273-7' and 'T17-349,' with previously published SSR markers. An integrated linkage map was constructed by combining parental-specific maps, which consisted of 1743 SSR loci on 16 homeologous linkage groups with a total length of 2511 cM. The primer sequences of the developed EST-SSR markers and their map positions are available on http://clovergarden.jp/. Linkage disequilibrium (LD) was observed on 9 of 16 linkage groups of a parental-specific map. The genome structures were compared among white clover, red clover (T. pratense L.), Medicago truncatula, and Lotus japonicus. Macrosynteny was observed across the four legume species. Surprisingly, the comparative genome structure between white clover and M. truncatula had a higher degree of conservation than that of the two clover species.
Pulse generation for soliton systems using lithium niobate modulators (1996)

We describe the principle of operation and performance of several soliton pulse sources and also a complete soliton transmitter based on lithium niobate modulators. Subsystems based on lithium niobate modulators are attractive because the modulators are now commercially available, qualified for system use, can operate up to very high speeds, and can operate over a wide wavelength range. The pulse sources we describe are based on two techniques. The first is the chirped pulse compression technique in which one or two sinusoidally driven modulators generate frequency chirped pulses that are subsequently compressed to the desired width using dispersion in a fiber. In the second technique, sinusoidally driven modulators are cascaded serially to form pulses. Using these techniques we produced nearly transform-limited pulses at repetition rates up to 15 GHz with a FWHM pulsewidths from 10-33% of the pulse period. A complete soliton transmitter using a single modulator to simultaneously generate optical pulses and encode data is also discussed. The performance of this compact transmitter in a 2.5-Gb/s soliton system experiment is comparable to other more common soliton transmitters.
Aseptic packaging of liquid food products: a literature review (1986)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAseptic packaging of liquid food products: a literature reviewBernhard A. H. Von Bockelmann and Irene L. I. Von BockelmannCite this: J. Agric. Food Chem. 1986, 34, 3, 384–392Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1986Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1986https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00069a001Request reuse permissionsArticle Views711Altmetric-Citations29LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (1 MB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts