gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
1928 REPEAT PSA AND DRE TESTING IN A PROSTATE CANCER SCREENING ENVIRONMENT (2012)

You have accessJournal of UrologyProstate Cancer: Detection and Screening III1 Apr 20121928 REPEAT PSA AND DRE TESTING IN A PROSTATE CANCER SCREENING ENVIRONMENT Nelson Stone, Wendy Poage, and E. David Crawford Nelson StoneNelson Stone New York, NY , Wendy PoageWendy Poage Centennial, CO , and E. David CrawfordE. David Crawford Denver, CO View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.juro.2012.02.2085AboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookTwitterLinked InEmail INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES To determine how the frequency of PSA testing and digital rectal exams (DRE) influences the behavior for repeat testing and PSA values in a prostate cancer screening environment. METHODS 8185 men participated at 207 sites nationwide in the 2010 Prostate Cancer Awareness Week (PCAW) annual screening event. The men completed a multi-question screening guide that queried the number of PSAs and DREs performed before this event. 7789 2010 screening PSA results were compared to these responses along with age and race by ANOVA and chi-square analysis (Pearson). Multiple variables were tested using linear regression. RESULTS The mean PSA and age were 1.70 ng/ml and 62 years. PSA by age group was 0.92 (< 50, n=789), 1.47 (>50-60, n=1777), 1.84 (>60-70, n=2074) and 2.32 ng/mL (>70, n=1189) (p<0.001). PSA was categorized as <1.0, 1.0-2.5, >2.5-4, >4-10 and >10 ng/ml. By age group the number of men with a PSA >4-10 or >10 were 1.3%, 4.2%, 7.3% and 11.4% and 0.2%, 0.8%, 0.9% and 1.9%, respectively (p<0.001 and p=0.010). Patients having prior PSA and DRE testing were grouped as 0, 1, 2 and 3+ tests and had screening PSA values of 1.37, 1.70, 2.37 and 2.36, and 1.43, 1.64, 1.84 and 1.90, respectively (p<0.001). Overall, race had no influence of screening PSA results (p=0.303). 771 of these same men participated in PCAW in 2000 and 1749 in PCAW 2005. The increase in mean PSA by repeat testing remained the same (p<0.001). In the multiple variables model using White v. Black/African-American for race; advancing age (p<0.001), Black race (p<0.001) and more prior PSAs (v. DREs) (p=0.001) remained significant. CONCLUSIONS Men are more likely to attend prostate cancer screening because they had higher prior PSA, were older and Black/African American. Through the continued educational efforts of the Prostate Conditions Education Council (PCEC) and others men do not go for frequent PSA testing if their values are low. More frequent PSA are most often done in high risk groups. © 2012 by American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 187Issue 4SApril 2012Page: e778 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2012 by American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.MetricsAuthor Information Nelson Stone New York, NY More articles by this author Wendy Poage Centennial, CO More articles by this author E. David Crawford Denver, CO More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement Advertisement PDF downloadLoading ...
Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR) therapy for multiple myeloma (2016)

The introduction of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-modified T cells has revolutionized immunotherapy and cancer treatment as a whole. However, so far, clinical efficacy has only been demonstrated for CD19-positive B cell lymphomas. For Multiple Myeloma (MM), the second most common haematological malignancy, there are currently no clinical results supporting the usefulness of the adoptive transfer of CAR-modified T cells. This might be related to the fact that an ideal surface target has not yet been identified or the presence of strong local immunosuppression in the tumour microenvironment, which is a hallmark of MM. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of promising target molecules for CAR T cell approaches in MM and we outline a number of ways in which the local immunosuppression in MM can be overcome. By providing a strategy for the design of CAR T cell treatments for MM we hope to transform this new therapeutic approach into a valuable tool within the therapeutic armamentarium for MM.
J232021 A Study of Friction-induced Vibration in Violin String (2013)

The vibration of a bowed violin string has been studied since the 19th century, and the string was found to oscillate in a simple triangular pattern described by Helmholtz. Today this problem is the stick and slip vibrations excited by friction which can claim to be well understood. Stick-slip vibrations are self-sustained oscillations induced by dry friction. The authors attempted to study this problem by observing the wave form of the bowed violin string by use of a high-speed camera and computer. The principal result of this study of the bowed violin string is a confirmation that its motion is a close approximation to the simple triangular wave predicted by Helmholtz and shown the stick-slip vibrations on the triangular wave.
Augmentation of Plasticity of the Central Auditory System by the Basal Forebrain and/or Somatosensory Cortex (2003)

Auditory conditioning (associative learning) or focal electric stimulation of the primary auditory cortex (AC) evokes reorganization (plasticity) of the cochleotopic (frequency) map of the inferior colliculus (IC) as well as that of the AC. The reorganization results from shifts in the best frequencies (BFs) and frequency-tuning curves of single neurons. Since the importance of the cholinergic basal forebrain for cortical plasticity and the importance of the somatosensory cortex and the corticofugal auditory system for collicular and cortical plasticity have been demonstrated, Gao and Suga proposed a hypothesis that states that the AC and corticofugal system play an important role in evoking auditory collicular and cortical plasticity and that auditory and somatosensory signals from the cerebral cortex to the basal forebrain play an important role in augmenting collicular and cortical plasticity. To test their hypothesis, we studied whether the amount and the duration of plasticity of both collicular and cortical neurons evoked by electric stimulation of the AC or by acoustic stimulation were increased by electric stimulation of the basal forebrain and/or the somatosensory cortex. In adult big brown bats (Eptesicus fuscus), we made the following major findings. 1) Collicular and cortical plasticity evoked by electric stimulation of the AC is augmented by electric stimulation of the basal forebrain. The amount of augmentation is larger for cortical plasticity than for collicular plasticity. 2) Collicular and cortical plasticity evoked by AC stimulation is augmented by somatosensory cortical stimulation mimicking fear conditioning. The amount of augmentation is larger for cortical plasticity than for collicular plasticity. 3) Collicular and cortical plasticity evoked by both AC and basal forebrain stimulations is further augmented by somatosensory cortical stimulation. 4) A lesion of the basal forebrain tends to reduce collicular and cortical plasticity evoked by AC stimulation. The reduction is small and statistically insignificant for collicular plasticity but significant for cortical plasticity. 5) The lesion of the basal forebrain eliminates the augmentation of collicular and cortical plasticity that otherwise would be evoked by somatosensory cortical stimulation. 6) Collicular and cortical plasticity evoked by repetitive acoustic stimuli is augmented by basal forebrain and/or somatosensory cortical stimulation. However, the lesion of the basal forebrain eliminates the augmentation of collicular and cortical plasticity that otherwise would be evoked by somatosensory cortical stimulation. These findings support the hypothesis proposed by Gao and Suga.
Inhibitory Effects of Edible Higher Basidiomycetes Mushroom Extracts on Mouse Type IV Allergy (2002)

The inhibitory effects of edible higher Basidiomycetes mushroom extracts from Hypsizygus marmoreus (Peck) Bigel.., Flammulina velutipes (Curt.: Fr.)P. Karst., Pholiota nameko (T. Ito) S. Ito et Imai, and Pleurotus eryngii (DC.: Fr.) Quel. on oxazolone-induced type IV allergy in male ICR mice were investigated. Oral administration of the ethanol extracts of these mushroom species for 3 days before the challenge showed significant antiallergic effects at a dose of 250 mg/kg bw/day. However, oral administration of the extracts for 3 days before the sensitization had no antiallergic effect at the same dose. A single percutaneous administration of the mushroom extracts together with the challenge also resulted in significant antiallergic effects at a dose of 0.1 mg/ear. The, results suggest that ethanol extracts of these mushroom species suppress the hypersensitive immune response such as the inflammation in delayed allergy.
Adaptive Automatic Gain Control for Nonlinearly, Distorted Constellations (2007)

Automatic gain control (AGC) is a key part of any demodulator that supports multilevel linear constellations. The AGC scales the received signal such that the constellation points line up with the nominal mapping. The scaling is adjusted to minimize the average distance between the received constellation point and its hard-decision equivalent. This approach has been shown to be optimal for undistorted constellations. However, it is not optimal for constellations distorted by a nonlinear amplifier. This paper investigates the relationship between AGC scaling and nonlinear distortion for coded and uncoded communications links. We present both simulation and experimental results that demonstrate significant improvement in the bit error rate (BER) by changing the AGC adaptation algorithm. The decision directed AGC algorithm is augmented with a least-mean-square (LMS) algorithm to compensate for the nonlinear distortion. This simple change can be implemented on legacy receivers with negligible increase in computational complexity.
Supplementary Legends from CD39 Expression Defines Cell Exhaustion in Tumor-Infiltrating CD8<sup>+</sup> T Cells (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Legends of Supplementary Figures and Tables&lt;/p&gt;
Institutional Change and its Economic Consequence in Japan: The bright and dark sides of hybridization (2012)

Central to recent changes in corporate Japan is the dominance of hybrid firms which combine market-based principles and relational governance in different economic domains such as finance and organizational architectures (employment system). Since hybridization is opposed to the institutional complementarity that is at the core of the varieties of capitalism argument, the natural questions are whether it is transitional to the Anglo-Saxon model or if it has stabilized in a new equilibrium, and whether it is productive or counterproductive. The purpose of this paper is to address these questions. First, by examining several key variables concerning corporate governance, the paper tentatively concludes that the hybrid pattern has been more dominant. Second, this paper illustrates the impact of changing governance arrangements on corporate behavior such as research and development (R&D) investment, mergers and acquisitions (M&A), business reconstruction decisions, distribution policy, and performance. Overall, the hybrid pattern of corporate governance has actually affected corporate behavior, and by doing so, had productive effects among Japanese firms. Lastly, the paper considers the potential costs of hybridization. Hybridization, almost by definition, implies declining system effects of former complementarities (e.g. main bank system and long-term employment), but what we are concerned with is whether the hybrid pattern of institutional change is associated with additional costs that diminish the competitiveness of Japanese firms. The paper raises some conjectures on this issue.
Effects of acute myocardial infarction on theophylline elimination in rats. (1997)

We investigated the effect of acute myocardial infarction (MI) on the hepatic clearance of theophylline in rats using the coronary artery ligation model. After 48 hr of ligation, there were significant changes in left ventricular performance in the MI rats, compared with controls, as indicated by elevated left ventricular end-diastolic pressure, reduced mean arterial pressure, and reduced left ventricular systolic pressure (20 +/- 2 vs. 12 +/- 3 mm Hg, p < 0.01; 90 +/- 6 vs. 101 +/- 6 mm Hg, p < 0.01; and 100 +/- 8 vs. 114 +/- 8 mm Hg, p < 0.01, respectively). Despite these changes, MI rats were able to maintain their cardiac output at rest (77.9 +/- 6.8 vs. 77.2 +/- 9.2 ml/min), and there was no change in mean central venous pressure (3 +/- 1 vs. 2 +/- 1 mm Hg). Although hepatic perfusion and oxygenation were preserved (17.3 +/- 2.2 vs. 18.7 +/- 3.3 ml/min and 127 +/- 27 vs. 125 +/- 19 mumol/min respectively), clearance of theophylline was reduced by 23% in the MI rats, compared with controls (0.86 +/- 0.20 vs. 1.12 +/- 0.17 ml/min, p = 0.01). There was no significant correlation between theophylline clearance and the infarct size (r = -0.038, p > 0.05). These findings demonstrate that the elimination of theophylline is impaired after acute MI, independent of any changes in hepatic perfusion or oxygenation.
Prevalence of and risk factors for anaemia in patients with advanced chronic liver disease (2019)

Two-thirds of patients with ACLD suffer from anaemia. The degree of hepatic dysfunction and of portal hypertension correlate with severity of anaemia. Anaemia is associated with decompensation, ACLF and increased mortality in patients with ACLD.
The Connection Domain Is Implicated in Metalloporphyrin Binding and Inhibition of HIV Reverse Transcriptase (1999)

We have shown that heme and zinc protoporphyrin inhibit both human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) and type 2 (HIV-2) reverse transcriptases (RTs) and, in combination with other nucleoside and non-nucleoside inhibitors, exert an additive effect on HIV-1 RT inhibition. Screening of a phage peptide library against heme resulted in the isolation of a peptide with sequence similarity to sequence 398-407 from the connection subdomain of both HIV-1 and HIV-2 RTs, suggesting that this highly conserved region of HIV RTs corresponds to the binding site for metalloporphyrins and a new site for inhibition of enzyme activity. Inclusion of a synthetic peptide corresponding to the exact sequence 398-407 of HIV-1 RT in RT inhibition assays had a protective effect on metalloporphyrin inhibition, as it was able to reverse the inhibitory effect of both metalloporphyrins on HIV-1 RT activity. Furthermore, intrinsic fluorescence assays indicated that these metalloporphyrins bind to synthetic peptide 398-407 as well as to intact dimeric HIV-1 RT. The identification of this novel inhibition site will help to expand our understanding of the mode of action of metalloporphyrins in RT inhibition and will assist in the design and development of more potent metalloporphyrin RT inhibitors for the management of HIV infection.
224. Addition reactions of the indole nucleus (1933)

S. G. P. Plant and M. L. Tomlinson, J. Chem. Soc., 1933, 955 DOI: 10.1039/JR9330000955
A Perspective on Cellular Immunity in the Elderly (1999)

The increased incidence of infection and malignancy in elderly individuals has prompted many studies that demonstrate that the aging immune system is impaired. Most of these studies have focused on the impairment of acquired immunity provided by lymphocytes. While defects in acquired humoral and T-cell-mediated immunity may exist, increased susceptibility to infection may result from defects in the constitutive functioning of macrophages and granulocytes. Recognition of the potential importance of defects in constitutive immunity in the elderly may provide new opportunities for therapeutic and prophylactic intervention in this population.
Tilcotil® Studies [3+2] additions with isothiazol‐3(2H)‐one 1,1‐dioxide (1989)

Abstract Derivatives of isothiazol‐3( 2H )‐one 1,1‐dioxide react regiospecifically with 1,3‐dipolar agents. The main regiocontrolling factor is ascertained to be the CO group of the dipolarophile. The topology of the adducts is also in general agreement with predictions based on perturbation theory. Several adducts can be aromatized to heterocyclic equivalents of saccharin, and may then be elaborated into structural analogs of tenoxicam ( Tilcotil ® and piroxicam ( Feldene ®)).
Underwater video compression using the wavelet transform (2002)

The advances in autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) technology and underwater acoustic communications have spawned a considerable amount of research activity within the area of signal and information processing. AUVs equipped with video hardware can provide invaluable visual data to ocean researchers for exploration of the undersea environment. In the past, a popular medium for the transport of underwater video from the vehicle to a remote platform has been a fiber optic link. Such tethered AUVs have a limited range of exploration, therefore an idea has previously been proposed to capture and process video on-board an untethered vehicle then transmit it using underwater telemetry. Video communication requires a considerably larger bandwidth than that which an underwater acoustic channel may provide therefore massive data compression must take place prior to transmission from the AUV. This work addresses the compression problem by presenting a wavelet-based hybrid video encoder for low bit-rate encoding of underwater video. Results show that compression rates on the order of 100:1 may be achieved with good visual quality in the reconstructed video.
ChemInform Abstract: Fluorine as an ortho‐Directing Group in Aromatic Metalation: A Two Step Preparation of Substituted Benzo(b)thiophene‐2‐carboxylates. (1993)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Deacetylation of N‐Acetylpiperidin‐4‐ones (I) by a Novel Electrochemical Method. (1992)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
<title>Simultaneous recording of the spectral, temporal, and polarization properties of emission spectra</title> (1997)

We describe a system that records simultaneously the temporal profile of both linear polarization components of all wavelengths in an emission spectrum. Our excitation source is the vacuum ultraviolet storage ring of the National Synchrotron Light Source at Brookhaven National Laboratory, which provides a continuous spectrum of ultraviolet, visible and near-infrared light consisting of approximately equals 1 ns FWHM pulses at a repetition rage of approximately equals 50 MHz, and with identical temporal profiles at all wavelengths, although any source with similar temporal properties could be used. A single excitation band is selected by a monochromator and linearly polarized before reaching the sample. Fluorescence can be monitored either along an axis perpendicular to the excitation beam, or at near normal incidence. A polarizer divides the fluorescence into components with polarizations parallel and perpendicular to the polarization of the incident beam. The emission spectrum is dispersed by an imaging spectrograph, and detected with a resistive-anode imaging photomultiplier operated in a single photon counting mode. The time of arrival of a photon is derived from signals originating in the micro-channel plates that function as the `dynodes' of the photomultiplier, while the location of the centroid of the electron cascade on the anode of the detector indicates both the wavelength and polarization of the detected photon. Simultaneous acquisition of the time-resolved emission spectra for both polarization components is more efficient than conventional approaches and reduces the complications in data analysis that can arise when the properties of a sample change during the time when sequential data-sets are collected.
Comparison of Several Equations and Derivation of a New Equation for Calculating Basal Metabolic Rate in Obese Children (1998)

The WHO equation was the most accurate of the prediction equations studied. However, our new prediction equation may be more appropriate for calculating BMR in an obese pediatric population.
A Double Self‐Assembly Process for Versatile Reduced‐Graphene‐Oxide Layer Deposition and Conformal Coating on 3D Structures (2017)

Abstract In this work, a double self‐assembly (DSA) process is demonstrated based on the surface interaction between graphene flakes (GFs) and surfactant molecules at water/air interface, leading to the formation of a stable and dense monolayer of graphene flakes (MGFs) floating on water surface. The thus prepared MGFs can be easily transferred onto various substrates almost independent of their surface wettability. During deposition both the GFs and excess surfactant molecules rearrange themselves in a self‐assembled way, so that optimal compression of the MGFs is ensured. Consequently, high performance deposition of MGFs can be easily achieved. The here‐reported process combines a fast, reliable, equipment‐free large‐area (&gt;75 cm 2 in this work) high performance MGFs deposition onto most substrates irrespective to their wettability. Moreover, the DSA process enables an excellent conformal coating of MGFs on 3D structures. Thus, this technology has the potential to pave the way to many large‐scale affordable applications of low‐cost graphene feedstocks.
Kinetics of oxidation of ?- and ?- resin extracts from coal tar pitch (1970)

The reactions with oxygen at temperatures up to 798 K of α- and β-pitch resins obtained by solvolytic fractionation of a British Coal Tar Pitch were studied thermogravimetrically. It has been shown by previous workers on carbonaceous materials that for each O atom chemisorbed one labile C atom is removed from the surface and the kinetics of oxidation are here shown to follow the relation, dξ/dt= 2Atext-decoration:overlinelrδ, where text-decoration:overlinel and text-decoration:overliner are the mean pore length and radius respectively derived from vapour adsorption studies, δ is the linear rate of regression of the carbon surface on oxidation and A is a constant. Values of 165.3 and 122.6 kJ mol–1 were found for E for α- and β-resins respectively, the ratio of the available active surface (ASA) being ψα≈ 103ψβ, and the total available surface being constant at constant degree of oxidation for both resins studied at degrees of oxidation in the range 0.37–0.85.