gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Parameters Influencing Gene Delivery Efficiency of PEGylated Chitosan Nanoparticles: Experimental and Modeling Approach (2021)

Experimentation of nanomedicine is labor‐intensive, time‐consuming, and requires costly laboratory consumables. Constructing a reliable mathematical model for such systems is also challenging due to the difficulties in gathering a sufficient number of data points. Artificial neural networks (ANNs) are indicated as an efficient approach in nanomedicine to investigate the cause‐effect relationships and predict output variables. Herein, an ANN is adapted into plasmid DNA (pDNA) encapsulated and PEGylated chitosan nanoparticles cross‐linked with sodium tripolyphosphate (TPP) to investigate the effects of critical parameters on the transfection efficiencies of nanoparticles. The ANN model is developed based on experimental results with three independent input variables: 1) polyethylene glycol (PEG) molecular weight, 2) PEG concentration, and 3) nanoparticle concentration, along with one output variable as a percentage of green fluorescent protein (GFP) expression, which refers to transfection efficiency. The constructed model is further validated with the leave‐p‐out cross‐validation method. The results indicate that the developed model has good prediction capability and is influential in capturing the transfection efficiencies of different nanoparticle groups. Overall, this study reveals that the ANN could be an efficient tool for nanoparticle‐mediated gene delivery systems to investigate the impacts of critical parameters in detail with reduced experimental effort and cost.
Development of sensitization to peanut and storage proteins and relation to markers of airway and systemic inflammation: A 24‐year follow‐up (2022)

Sensitization to peanut extract after 4 years of age is mainly induced by birch cross-sensitization and IgE to Ara h 2 rarely emerges after eight years of age. Storage protein sensitization is associated with respiratory and systemic inflammation.
Results of treatment of Ph'+ chronic myelogenous leukemia with an intensive treatment regimen (L-5 protocol) (1979)

Thirty-seven patients with Philadelphia-chromosone-positive (Ph'+) chronic myelogenous leukemia who were untreated or minimally pretreated were entered on the L-5 protocol. This protocol consisted of sequential treatment with splenic irradiation, splenectomy, arabinosylcytosine and 6-thioguanine, and L-asparaginase. Maintenance therapy was hydroxyurea or a multiple-drug regimen. The median survival of the 37 patients is 50 mo. Twelve patients showed a temporary reduction in the percentage of Ph'+ marrow metaphases to less than one-third of the initial values and in 7 of these patients none were found. The duration of the Ph'+ chromosome reduction ranged from 1 to 43 mo. The median survival of the responders has not yet been reached. It is concluded that whereas overall survival is not appreciably extended, patients who have a reduction in Ph'+ cells in the marrow may survive longer than the average; also, the reduction occurs most frequently in patients who have relatively small spleens at diagnosis. The reduction is difficult to maintain, and it may be reinduced in some patients with intensive chemotherapy.
Temperature Impact on the Neutron SER of a Commercial 90nm SRAM (2013)

International audience
A JSON Token-Based Authentication and Access Management Schema for Cloud SaaS Applications (2017)

Cloud computing is significantly reshaping the computing industry built around core concepts such as virtualization, processing power, connectivity and elasticity to store and share IT resources via a broad network. It has emerged as the key technology that unleashes the potency of Big Data, Internet of Things, Mobile and Web Applications, and other related technologies; but it also comes with its challenges - such as governance, security, and privacy. This paper is focused on the security and privacy challenges of cloud computing with specific reference to user authentication and access management for cloud SaaS applications. The suggested model uses a framework that harnesses the stateless and secure nature of JWT for client authentication and session management. Furthermore, authorized access to protected cloud SaaS resources have been efficiently managed. Accordingly, a Policy Match Gate (PMG) component and a Policy Activity Monitor (PAM) component have been introduced. In addition, other subcomponents such as a Policy Validation Unit (PVU) and a Policy Proxy DB (PPDB) have also been established for optimized service delivery. A theoretical analysis of the proposed model portrays a system that is secure, lightweight and highly scalable for improved cloud resource security and management.
High switching speed trench diode for 1200V RC-IGBT based on the concept of Schottky Controlled injection (SC) (2016)

A novel trench diode for Reverse Conducting (RC) IGBTs is proposed. A Schottky Controlled injection (SC) concept is applied to the diode area of the RC-IGBT. The reverse recovery loss is reduced drastically by suppressing carrier injection from P+/P-anode and N+/N cathode without a significant increase in the turn-off power dissipation (Eoff) and the leakage current. The hole injection from the backside of the IGBT area suppresses the voltage ringing at diode reverse recovery condition, and it enables the reduction of the tail current by fabricating the N+/N cathode more finely. Moreover, high dynamic ruggedness is obtained under high current conditions because electric fields near the surface and the backside are relaxed by fixing impact ionization point to the bottom of the trench and injecting holes from the backside.
Biodistribution of phospholipid vesicles in mice bearing Lewis lung carcinoma and granuloma. (1985)

Murine biodistributions of vesicle-encapsulated [111In]NTA were obtained under a number of conditions. These included normal animals, those bearing s.c.- or i.v.-implanted Lewis Lung Carcinoma (LLC) and those having both s.c.-LLC and sterile granuloma. Variations in the distributions were observed with a preinjection of unlabeled aminomannose (AM) vesicles or an increase in the labeled vesicle size. It was found that s.c. LLC exhibited uptake of between 10 and 25% injected dose/g (% ID/g) depending upon tumor mass with larger lesions having lower accumulation. Significant uptake enhancement (p less than 0.05) occurred after AM blockade. Similar results hold for the i.v.-injected LLC cells implying targeting to both primary and metastatic sites. By increasing vesicle size by a factor of 4, uptake by s.c. LLC declined to essentially blood levels; e.g., 2% ID/g. Granuloma accumulations were also at circulating values and, unlike s.c. LLC, could not be imaged.
Mobile Sensors as Traffic Probes: Addressing Transportation Modeling and Privacy Protection in an Integrated Framework (2010)

Mobile traffic sensor data, once widely available, will significantly enhance current transportation modeling applications such as arterial performance measurement. Receiving and processing mobile sensor data however may involve severe privacy concerns if not properly designed. In contrast to the fact that the current research on transportation modeling and privacy protection is rather separated, we propose in this paper a framework on privacy-aware transportation modeling (PATM) and application-aware privacy protection (AAPP). The proposed framework focuses on the interactions between transportation modeling and privacy preserving, being aware of privacy when developing transportation models as well as application needs when designing privacy preserving mechanisms. Using two case studies, we show how PATM and AAPP may be applied in privacy-preserving mobile data collection while satisfying the application needs at the same time. The paper is concluded by discussing how to design a unified approach to guarantee privacy and data needs for various applications.
Magneto-optical Kerr Microscopy for Nano-Structures with Perpendicular Magnetic Anisotropy: MAGNETO-OPTICAL KERR MICROSCOPY (2020)

Magneto-optical Kerr effect (MOKE) microscopy is a powerful imaging technique that can be employed to study the magnetization reversal of thin films and nanoscale structures. In this work, we describe the MOKE microscopy which is used to observe nanomagnetic domain structures of Co/Pt multilayers (MLs) and plot hysteresis loops. We were able to image sub-micrometer size magnetic domains and trace their evolution in a ms time scale with a lateral spatial resolution down to 300 nm. The magnetization reversal for Co/Pt MLs is described by the expansion of the domains in all directions as dendritic domain wall propagation. For a fixed applied magnetic field, the evolution with time of magnetic domains started from many centers, then expanded without the appearance of new nucleated centers. When the applied magnetic field was applied perpendicular to the film plane, a square hysteresis loop was observed indicating that the film exhibits a perpendicular magnetic anisotropy. For the same material, the magnetic field needed to nucleate magnetic domains in sub-micrometer size wire is much larger compared to the thin films. The magnetization decay becomes faster as the applied field is closer to the coercivity of the sample for the thin films MLs. The domain wall (DW) could be manipulated and pinned in a precise location in a stepped nanowire of Co/Pt MLs induced by a consistent magnetic field.
Traumatic vulvar hematoma masquerading as a bartholin duct cyst in a postmenopausal woman. (2013)

Any vulvar mass discovered in a postmenopausal woman warrants meticulous evaluation to exclude malignancy. Although usually occurring in younger women, a vulvar hematoma may be noted in older women who have sustained trauma to the perineum.
Autonomous Vehicle Simulation Project (2013)

As the vehicle technology grows rapidly in these days, the factors of practicable tests are increasing. However, it can be exposed to critical conditions to perform field tests with unverified implementations, since when error occurs while driving, directly leads to an unpredictable accident. For this reason, there are various simulators in the market to ensure the safety and provide various kinds of results, yet they are only targeting high value industries with their remarkable expense, which makes private enterprises challenging to purchase. Therefore, in this paper, autonomous vehicle simulation software based on an open-source project is proposed to provide an extensible platform with public license to perform tests in the virtual world.
A state machine approach to reliable distributed systems (2003)

In many distributed applications, processes synchronize with one another in a complex way and execute for a long period of time. Atomic transactions are inadequate for designing reliable applications with these characteristics, because transactions restrict the types of synchronization than can be specified. An alternative approach that exploits behavior specified in a hierarchical finite-state machine (FSM) model is proposed. A set of general conditions that ensures the correctness of recovery is identified. These general conditions permit combinations of different types of recovery methods to be used in a recovery. They also enable one to enhance recovery efficiency by exploiting permutation and substitution of operations allowed by the behavior specification. It is shown that existing recovery techniques, including those that exploit application semantics, satisfy these conditions for correctness of recovery.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Arginine residues in the extension peptide are required for cleavage of a precursor by mitochondrial processing peptidase. Demonstration using synthetic peptide as a substrate. (1994)

Mitochondrial processing peptidase (MPP) specifically recognizes a large variety of mitochondrial precursor proteins and correctly cleaves off the extension peptides. To determine the structure common to all the extension peptides that is required for specific recognition by MPP, we synthesized various oligopeptides of different chain lengths and amino acid sequences, based on the amino acid sequence of the extension peptide of pre-malate dehydrogenase, and determined kinetic parameters of the cleavage reactions. The minimal length of peptides for effective cleavage was 16 amino acid residues consisting of 11 and 5 residues from the cleavage site to the amino- and carboxyl-terminal sides, respectively. Two sets of basic amino acids in the peptide, the distal arginine residue at position -10 and the proximal ones at positions -3 and -2 relative to the cleavage site, were necessary for effective hydrolysis. Of these two, the residue at position -2 was more important for effective cleavage than the one at position -3 and could not be replaced by a lysine residue. The replacement of the distal arginine by lysine had no effect on the cleavage. Our study demonstrates that use of peptides with the proper length is essential for performing kinetic analyses on the cleavage reaction by MPP and that an arginine residue at position -2 to the cleavage site is necessary for the recognition and cleavage of the extension peptide.
Advanced paternal age directly impacts mouse embryonic placental imprinting (2020)

The placental epigenome plays a critical role in regulating mammalian growth and development. Alterations to placental methylation, often observed at imprinted genes, can lead to adverse pregnancy complications such as intrauterine growth restriction and preterm birth. Similar associations have been observed in offspring derived from advanced paternal age fathers. As parental age at time of conception continues to rise, the impact of advanced paternal age on these reproductive outcomes is a growing concern, but limited information is available on the molecular mechanisms affected in utero. This longitudinal murine research study thus investigated the impact of paternal aging on genomic imprinting in viable F1 embryonic portions of the placentas derived from the same paternal males when they were young (4-6 months) and when they aged (11-15 months). The use of a controlled outbred mouse model enabled analysis of offspring throughout the natural lifetime of the same paternal males and excluded confounding factors like female age or infertility. Firstly, paternal age significantly impacted embryonic placental weight, fetal weight and length. Targeted bisulfite sequencing was utilized to examine imprinted methylation at the Kcnq1ot1 imprinting control region, with significant hypermethylation observed upon natural paternal aging. Quantitative real-time PCR assessed imprinted gene expression levels at various imprinting clusters, resulting in transcript level alterations attributable to advanced paternal age. In summary, our results demonstrate a paternal age effect with dysregulation at numerous imprinted loci, providing a mechanism for future adverse placental and offspring health conditions.
New Proposal of Evaluation Method for DMFC Catalyst Layers by Means of Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (2005)

Abstract On the evaluation of catalyst layers in direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC), we applied the proposed electrochemical cell which enabled to evaluate the catalyst layers without an electrolyte solution circumstance. In addition, properties of polymer electrolytes, such as ionic conductivities inside or outside agglomerates of catalystss were evaluated separately by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy with an analysis using the proposed equivalent circuit. This method also suggested its possibility for evaluating a distribution of the electrolytes in catalyst layers.
Shell Click-Crosslinked (SCC) Nanoparticles:  A New Methodology for Synthesis and Orthogonal Functionalization (2005)

A new methodology for the preparation of well-defined core-shell nanoparticles was developed, based upon the employment of a multifunctional crosslinker to coincidently stabilize supramolecular polymer assemblies and imbed into the shell unique chemical functionalities. Amphiphilic diblock copolymers of poly(acrylic acid)(80)-b-poly(styrene)(90) that had been assembled into micelles and partially functionalized throughout the corona with alkynyl groups were utilized as Click-readied nanoscaffolds for the formation of shell Click-crosslinked nanoparticles (SCCs). Divergently grown dendrimers of the zero, first, second, and third generations having increasing numbers of azide terminating groups ((N(3))(2)-[G-0], (N(3))(4)-[G-1], (N(3))(8)-[G-2], and (N(3))(16)-[G-3], respectively) were investigated as crosslinkers via Click reactions with the alkynyl groups to form covalent linkages throughout the block copolymer micelle corona, thus forming a crosslinked shell. The crosslinking reactions were characterized by (1)H NMR and IR spectroscopies, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and dynamic light scattering (DLS) measurements. Only the first generation dendrimer ((N(3))(4)-[G-1]) possessed a sufficient balance of polyvalency and water solubility to achieve crosslinking and establish a robust nanostructure. The resulting SCC was further characterized with atomic force microscopy (AFM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and analytical ultracentrifugation (AU). The dendritic crosslinker is important as it also allows for the incorporation of excess functionality that can undergo complementary reactions. Within the shell of this SCC the remaining azide termini of the dendrimer crosslinker were then consumed in a secondary Click reaction with an alkynyl-functionalized fluorescein to yield a fluorescently labeled SCC that was characterized with DLS, AFM, TEM, AU, UV-vis, and fluorescent measurements as a function of pH.
Solid‐state synthesis of large polymer single crystals (1974)

Abstract Criteria for the solid state synthesis of large, nearly defect‐free, polymer crystals are derived and related to experimental observations. Polydiacetylene single crystals are of principal concern, although the concepts presented can be easily generalized. In particular, a least‐motion criterion is developed whereby the solid‐state reactivity of different diacetylene phases and the most likely polymerization mode of a particular phase can be predicted from a two‐parameter description of the relationship between neighboring monomer molecules. Phase stability criteria are considered for four characteristic free energy diagrams which explain the phase behaviors that have been observed for various polymerizing diacetylenes. Reaction uniqueness criteria are discussed as they relate to monomer site point group symmetry, symmetry relations between mutually reacting monomer molecules, and dimensional changes during polymerization.
Structure‐Activity Relationships of a Negative Allosteric Modulator of the D3 Dopamine Receptor and Investigation of its Binding Site (2020)

Dopamine receptors (DARs) are G protein‐coupled receptors (GPCRs) that regulate diverse physiological functions including movement, cognition, mood, and reward‐related behaviors, and are involved in the treatment or etiology of many neuropsychiatric disorders including schizophrenia, substance use disorder (SUD), and Parkinson’s disease. DARs are classified as either D1‐like (D1R and D5R) or D2‐like (D2R, D3R, and D4R) based on structural homology and pharmacological properties. Antagonists of D2‐like DARs are currently used as drug therapies for many psychiatric disorders. While the D2R is highly expressed in the dorsal striatum, which regulates movement, the D3R has a more limited distribution to limbic regions associated with the control of mood and emotion. D3R‐selective antagonists may therefore be useful as schizophrenia or SUD therapeutics as they could attenuate psychotic or drug craving symptoms without the motor side effects frequently produced by D2R‐preferring antagonists. Discovery of subtype selective compounds for the D3R and D2R has been challenging due to high sequence homology within their orthosteric binding sites. However, compounds that modulate receptor activity through interactions with a less conserved allosteric site of the receptor have the potential to be highly selective. To find highly selective allosteric antagonists of the D3R, our lab utilized a high‐throughput screen of the NIH Molecular Libraries Program 400,000+ small molecule library using a D3R‐mediated β‐arrestin recruitment assay. We found one compound, MLS6357, that was selective for the D3R versus the D2R in several functional outputs including β‐arrestin recruitment and G‐protein activation. Further, radioligand binding and functional assays using closely related GPCRs revealed that MLS6357 has very limited cross‐reactivity with other GPCRs. Additionally, Schild‐type functional assays found that MLS6357 is a purely non‐competitive negative allosteric modulator of the D3R. We synthesized 46 analogs of MLS6357 using iterative medicinal chemistry and tested them for activity which revealed structure activity‐relationships and enabled further refinement of the scaffold. These efforts produced modulators that are 5‐ to 9‐fold more potent than the original hit compound. To identify the allosteric site on the D3R, we utilized D3R/D2R chimeras which revealed receptor regions necessary for compound efficacy. Further refinement of the binding pocket for MLS6357 will inform future medicinal chemistry efforts. Ultimately, this novel scaffold may be of benefit as a pharmacological probe or therapeutic lead for D3R‐related pathophysiology. Support or Funding Information NINDS Intramural Research Program
Analysis of surfactants: Part II (2001)

Abstract We present a comprehensive review of the literature devoted to the analysis of surfactants. The period covered is 1995 through 1998. We address patents, reviews, books, journal articles, and any conference proceedings abstracted by Chemical Abstract Services. We consider classical, instrumental, and state‐of‐the‐art analytical applications, including those not in common practice but in a developmental stage. We also include analytical techniques that make use of surfactants for improved performance, although such treatment is not comprehensive. Literature from foreign language sources is covered as completely as practical.
Haptic vascular modeling and visualization in web-enabled interventional neuroradiology simulation system (2004)

Virtual reality system for Minimally Invasive Surgery (MIS) is a challenging problem in the context of the World Wide Web. In this paper, we present a framework of web-enabled interventional neuroradiology simulation system with force feedback. Based on the hierarchical information from segmented human vascular images, we produce the small datasize control mesh of the vasculature and finally get a smooth vascular model. When a collision occurs, we calculate the volume of force feedback according to physical parameters under which the collision occurs and give the trainee a haptic feedback by the force feedback hardware that connects to the simulation system. Our method has three features: 1) the vascular model exhibits little memory consumption; 2) the vascular model delivers good rendering performance; 3) the collision detection along with force feedback computation model is a distributed one and can provide good real time reaction to the user. The initial result obtained from applying the method in our prototype of a web-enabled simulation system is encouraging: the 3D visualization of human vasculature and the haptic feedback mechanism present the trainee a vivid surgical simulation environment and the real-time force reaction is also an exciting feature for web-enabled surgical simulation system.