gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Outlining In Vitro and In Silico Cholinesterase Inhibitory Activity of Twenty-Four Natural Products of Various Chemical Classes: Smilagenin, Kokusaginine, and Methyl Rosmarinate as Emboldening Inhibitors (2021)

Cholinesterase (ChE) inhibition is an important treatment strategy for Alzheimer's disease (AD) as acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) are involved in the pathology of AD. In the current work, ChE inhibitory potential of twenty-four natural products from different chemical classes (i.e., diosgenin, hecogenin, rockogenin, smilagenin, tigogenin, astrasieversianins II and X, astragalosides I, IV, and VI, cyclocanthosides E and G, macrophyllosaponins A-D, kokusaginin, lamiide, forsythoside B, verbascoside, alyssonoside, ipolamide, methyl rosmarinate, and luteolin-7-<i>O</i>-glucuronide) was examined using ELISA microtiter assay. Among them, only smilagenin and kokusaginine displayed inhibitory action against AChE (IC<sub>50</sub> = 43.29 ± 1.38 and 70.24 ± 2.87 µg/mL, respectively). BChE was inhibited by only methyl rosmarinate and kokusaginine (IC<sub>50</sub> = 41.46 ± 2.83 and 61.40 ± 3.67 µg/mL, respectively). IC<sub>50</sub> values for galantamine as the reference drug were 1.33 ± 0.11 µg/mL for AChE and 52.31 ± 3.04 µg/mL for BChE. Molecular docking experiments showed that the orientation of smilagenin and kokusaginine was mainly driven by the interactions with the peripheral anionic site (PAS) comprising residues of hAChE, while kokusaginine and methyl rosmarinate were able to access deeper into the active gorge in hBChE. Our data indicate that similagenin, kokusaginine, and methyl rosmarinate could be hit compounds for designing novel anti-Alzheimer agents.
Methods of creating student cluster competition teams (2011)

This paper aims to describe methods that can be used to create new Student Cluster Competition teams from the standpoint of the team advisors. The purpose is to share these methods in order to create an easier path for organizing a successful team. These methods were gleaned from a survey of advisors that have formed teams in the last four years. Four advisors responded to the survey and those responses fit into five categories: (1) early preparation, (2) coursework specific to the competition, (3) close relationships with the hardware vendors, (4) concentration on the applications over the hardware, and (5) the need to encourage the team members to write papers about their experiences. In addition to these commonalities which may be best practices there are a few divergent but intriguing techniques that may also prove useful for potential advisors. Both will be discussed here and these methods can serve as a primer for anyone looking to start a new Student Cluster Competition team.
Impact of Asphaltenes and Naphthenic Amphiphiles on the Phase Behavior of Solvent−Bitumen−Water Systems (2011)

A limiting factor impacting the quality and recovery of bitumen from oil sand operations is the formation of stable water-in-oil (w/o) and/or oil-in-water (o/w) emulsions during froth treatment. In a previous study, the impact of asphaltene partitioning on oil−water phase separation from the resulting emulsified phases (rag layers) was evaluated as a function of the solvent−bitumen−water ratio, temperature, and solvent aromaticity. In this work, the added effect of naphthenic amphiphiles at concentrations of 3 and 10 wt % on oil−water phase separation from similarly formulated rag layers is assessed. The observed phase behavior of these rag layers is discussed in view of interfacial coadsorption mechanisms proposed in the literature. A major finding is that, under alkaline process conditions, an increase in the concentration of sodium naphthenates (NaNs), produced as a result of naphthenic amphiphile dissociation, promotes a shift in emulsion morphology from w/o to o/w. The resulting transition from asphaltene- to NaN-controlled properties significantly limits oil−water phase separation as a result of an increase in the surface area to volume ratio of dispersed droplets and an enhancement of interfacial asphaltene partitioning. Contrary to NaN-free systems, it was also observed that both the temperature and solvent aromaticity have a minimal effect on the phase behavior of NaN formulations. Furthermore, undissociated naphthenic amphiphiles, referred to as naphthenic acids, are capable of promoting oil−water phase separation under acidic formulation conditions.
Activation using infrared light in a mammalian axon model (2012)

Infrared neural stimulation (INS) offers the potential to selectively activate very small populations of neurons. Before it will be possible to design efficient and effective INS interfaces, the mechanisms of INS need to be better understood. The presented study builds on work indicating that INS generates a significant capacitive current by the application of infrared light to cell membranes. A computational model is presented to investigate realistic spatial delivery of INS and to investigate whether axonal structure and ion channel composition are likely to facilitate INS activation through capacitive changes alone. Findings indicate that capacitance changes are unlikely to be the sole mechanism, because the determined thresholds to activation were higher than the capacitance changes observed in previously reported work [1].
Multitask Learning for Cross-Lingual Transfer of Broad-coverage Semantic Dependencies (2020)

We describe a method for developing broad-coverage semantic dependency parsers for languages for which no semantically annotated resource is available. We leverage a multitask learning framework coupled with annotation projection. We use syntactic parsing as the auxiliary task in our multitask setup. Our annotation projection experiments from English to Czech show that our multitask setup yields 3.1% (4.2%) improvement in labeled F1-score on in-domain (out-of-domain) test set compared to a single-task baseline.
The beta3A subunit gene (Ap3b1) of the AP-3 adaptor complex is altered in the mouse hypopigmentation mutant pearl, a model for Hermansky- Pudlak syndrome and night blindness (1999)

Lysosomes, melanosomes and platelet-dense granules are abnormal in the mouse hypopigmentation mutant pearl. The beta3A subunit of the AP-3 adaptor complex, which likely regulates protein trafficking in the trans - Golgi network/endosomal compartments, was identified as a candidate for the pearl gene by a positional/candidate cloning approach. Mutations, including a large internal tandem duplication and a deletion, were identified in two respective pearl alleles and are predicted to abrogate function of the beta3A protein. Significantly lowered expression of altered beta3A transcripts occurred in kidney of both mutant alleles. The several distinct pearl phenotypes suggest novel functions for the AP-3 complex in mammals. These experiments also suggest mutations in AP-3 subunits as a basis for unique forms of human Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome and congenital night blindness, for which the pearl mouse is an appropriate animal model.
A woman with macrocytic anaemia and confusion (2014)

<h3>BACKGROUND</h3> Associations have been found between a large head size at birth and atopy, and between low birth weight and obstructive airways disease. A study was undertaken of people born around the time of the Dutch famine in 1944–5 to determine the effects of maternal malnutrition during specific periods of gestation on the prevalence of obstructive airways disease and atopy. <h3>METHODS</h3> Nine hundred and twelve people aged about 50, born at term between November 1943 and February 1947 in Amsterdam, were asked about their medical history. Lung function was measured in 733 and serum concentrations of total IgE and specific IgE against mite, pollen and cat were measured in 726. Those exposed in late, mid, and early gestation (exposed participants) were compared with those born before or conceived after the famine (non-exposed participants). <h3>RESULTS</h3> Exposure to famine during gestation affected neither the concentrations of total or specific IgE nor lung function values. The prevalence of obstructive airways disease was increased in people exposed to famine in mid gestation (odds ratio adjusted for sex 1.7, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.1 to 2.6) and tended to be higher in those exposed in early gestation (odds ratio 1.5, 95% CI 0.9 to 2.6). <h3>CONCLUSIONS</h3> The observed increase in the prevalence of obstructive airways disease in people exposed to famine in mid and early gestation was not parallelled by effects on IgE concentrations or lung function. The link between exposure to famine in mid and early gestation and obstructive airways disease in adulthood suggests that fetal lungs can be permanently affected by nutritional challenges during periods of rapid growth.
N,N′ Bisformyl Dityrosine is an in vivo Precursor of the Yeast Ascospore Wall (1996)

The amino acid, dityrosine, is a major component of the spore wall surface of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, where it is part of a highly cross-linked macromolecular network of yet unknown chemical structure, consisting mostly of glucosamine, dityrosine and few other amino acids. Biosynthesis of the dityrosine moiety of this network consists of several steps, including the chemical modification of free L-tyrosine and the subsequent oxidative cross-linking of the modified tyrosine residues (catalyzed by a cytochrome P-450), leading to soluble dityrosine-containing spore wall precursors. We isolated, purified and characterized the dityrosine-containing precursor that appears late in spore wall synthesis and that is thought to be directly incorporated into the maturing spore wall. Chemical and spectroscopic analyses showed that this precursor is N,N'-bisformyl dityrosine. In addition, we identified a tyrosine-containing spore wall precursor as N-formyl tyrosine. The elucidation of the chemical structure of soluble spore wall precursors is crucial for the characterization of the function of the enzymes involved in maturation of the spore surface, e.g. by in vitro systems. A dityrosine-containing fragment, which was solubilized from mature spore walls by partial hydrolysis, was identified as N-formyl dityrosine. Mature spore walls contain significant amounts of N-formyl dityrosine and N,N'-bisformyl dityrosine. This supports the assumption that the dityrosine-containing macromolecular network on the spore surface has an unusual, non-peptidic structure.
Trade-offs between depth and width in parallel computation (1983)

A new technique for proving lower bounds for parallel computation is introduced. This technique enables us to obtain, for the first time. non-trivial tight lower bounds for shared-memory models of parallel computation that allow simultaneous read/write access to the same memory location. The size m of the common memory is called communication width or width in short. For a wide variety of problems (including parity and majority) we show that the time complexity T (depth) and the communication width m are related by the trade-off curve mT2 = Ω(n) (where n is the size of the input). This bound is tight lot every m ≤n/log2n We extend our technique to prove mT3 = Ω(n) trade-off for a class of "simpler" functions (includind Boolean Or) on a weaker model that forbids simultaneous write access. This result improves the lower bound of Cook and Dwork [CD-82] when communication is limited.
Análise histomorfométrica da matriz extracelular do linfonodo poplíteo de cães naturalmente infectados por Leishmania (L.) chagasi (2009)

Nas Américas, a leishmaniose visceral canina é causada por Leishmania (Leishmania) chagasi, um protozoário intracelular obrigatório do sistema fagocítico mononuclear; as principais alterações histológicas associadas a essa doença ocorrem nos em órgãos linfóides. Apesar de o cão ser considerado o principal mantenedor e disseminador da leishmaniose no ambiente urbano, são escassos estudos dos aspectos histopatológicos e histomorfométricos, em cães naturalmente infectados com L. chagasi, que investiguem a interação entre o parasito e a matriz extracelular. Este estudo visou caracterizar e quantificar as alterações dos componentes celulares e da matriz extracelular (colágenos I e III) do linfonodo poplíteo de 22 cães com infecção natural por L. chagasi detectada através da reação de imunofluorescência indireta (RIF) e compará-las com as alterações encontradas no linfonodo poplíteo de 10 cães não-infectados, negativos na RIF e clinicamente saudáveis. Fragmentos dos linfonodos foram seccionados longitudinalmente, processados rotineiramente para exame histológico e corados por hematoxilina-eosina. Cortes adicionais do mesmo linfonodo incluídos em glicol metacrilato foram corados pelo azul de toluidina para histomorfometria. Linfonodos de cães infectados apresentaram linfadenopatia generalizada, aumento do tamanho e do número dos folículos linfóides, hipertrofia da cápsula e hiperplasia linfóide significativa. Nos linfonodos de cães do grupo infectado, a análise quantitativa de fibras colágenas mostrou significativo predomínio do colágeno I sobre o colágeno III. Esses resultados demonstram que cães infectados por L. chagasi apresentam degradação dos constituintes da matriz extracelular e conseqüente destruição do arcabouço linfóide, alterando a morfologia do órgão.
Efficient Image Manipulation via Run-time Compilation (1999)

Irrespective of adoption status, adolescents with PHIV exhibited subtle lower WM integrity. Our findings may point toward early-acquired WM microstructural alterations associated with HIV.
Protein-Ion Binding Measurements by Radioactive Tracers. II. The Binding Constants of Iodide and Acetate Ions to Bovine Serum Albumin* (1964)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTProtein-Ion Binding Measurements by Radioactive Tracers. II. The Binding Constants of Iodide and Acetate Ions to Bovine Serum Albumin*Abraham Saifer, Francis Westley, and Joseph SteigmanCite this: Biochemistry 1964, 3, 11, 1624–1629Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1964Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1964https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/bi00899a004https://doi.org/10.1021/bi00899a004research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views134Altmetric-Citations11LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Regions of Feasible Point-to-Point Trajectories in the Cartesian Workspace of Fully-Parallel Manipulators (1999)

Abstract The goal of this paper is to define the n-connected regions in the Cartesian workspace of fully-parallel manipulators, i.e. the maximal regions where it is possible to execute point-to-point motions. The manipulators considered in this study may have multiple direct and inverse kinematic solutions. The N-connected regions are characterized by projection, onto the Cartesian workspace, of the connected components of the reachable configuration space defined in the Cartesian product of the Cartesian space by the joint space. Generalized octree models are used for the construction of all spaces. This study is illustrated with a simple planar fully-parallel manipulator.
Production of Acetaldehyde by Zymomonas mobilis (1987)

Mutants of Zymomonas mobilis were selected for decreased alcohol dehydrogenase activity by using consecutively higher concentrations of allyl alcohol. A mutant selected by using 100 mM allyl alcohol produced acetaldehyde at a level of 4.08 g/liter when the organism was grown in aerated batch cultures on a medium containing 4.0% (wt/wt) glucose. On the basis of the amount of glucose utilized, this level of acetaldehyde production represents nearly 40% of the maximum theoretical yield. Acetaldehyde produced during growth was continuously air stripped from the reactor. Acetaldehyde present in the exhaust stream was then trapped as the acetaldehyde-bisulfite addition product in an aqueous solution of sodium bisulfite and released by treatment with base. Acetaldehyde was found to inhibit growth of Z. mobilis at concentrations as low as 0.05% (wt/wt) acetaldehyde. An acetaldehyde-tolerant mutant of Z. mobilis was isolated after both mutagenesis with nitrosoguanidine and selection in the presence of vapor-phase acetaldehyde. The production of acetaldehyde has potential advantages over that of ethanol: lower energy requirements for product separation, efficient separation of product from dilute feed streams, continuous separation of product from the reactor, and a higher marketplace value.
Reduction of molybdate to molybdenum blue by Enterobacter sp. strain Dr.Y13 (2009)

Extensive use of metals in various industrial applications has caused substantial environmental pollution. Molybdenum-reducing bacteria isolated from soils can be used to remove molybdenum from contaminated environments. In this work we have isolated a local bacterium with the capability to reduce soluble molybdate to the insoluble molybdenum blue. We studied several factors that would optimize molybdate reduction. Electron donor sources such as glucose, sucrose, lactose, maltose and fructose (in decreasing efficiency) supported molybdate reduction after 24 h of incubation with optimum glucose concentration for molybdate reduction at 1.5% (w/v). The optimum pH, phosphate and molybdate concentrations, and temperature for molybdate reduction were pH 6.5, 5.0, 25 to 50 mM and 37 degrees C, respectively. The Mo-blue produced by cellular reduction exhibited a unique absorption spectrum with a maximum peak at 865 nm and a shoulder at 700 nm. Metal ions such as chromium, cadmium, copper, silver and mercury caused approximately 73, 71, 81, 77 and 78% inhibition of the molybdenum-reducing activity, respectively. All of the respiratory inhibitors tested namely rotenone, azide, cyanide and antimycin A did not show any inhibition to the molybdenum-reducing activity suggesting components of the electron transport system are not responsible for the reducing activity. The isolate was tentatively identified as Enterobacter sp. strain Dr.Y13 based on carbon utilization profiles using Biolog GN plates and partial 16S rDNA molecular phylogeny.
Augmentation of the atrophic edentulous ridge with porous replamineform hydroxyapatite (Interpore-200). (1986)

The use of porous replamineform hydroxyapatites (Interpore-200) provides an opportunity for rapid stabilization of the ceramic implant by connective tissue and bony ingrowth into the porous network. The strength of the Interpore-200-tissue combination provides good resistance to denture forces. Once ingrown with tissue, the implants will remain well stabilized, appear resistant to local trauma, and have the capacity to heal if exposed, as a viable blood supply is contained within the material.
Elasticity and flow properties of actin gels (1990)

Abstract Actin gels formed by polymerizing monomeric actin have been studied by use of small amplitude oscillatory deformations and steady shear flow. The length of actin filaments within the gel was varied by copolymerization in the presence of the filament‐capping protein gelsolin. The results for short filaments are in qualitative agreement with a model for semi‐dilute solutions of inter‐penetrating rods. Long filaments give rise to additional motions, believed to be flexing of rods. Steady shear viscosities, at high shear rates, are independent of initial filament length. Results are explained as due to breaking of filaments in shear flows.
EFFECT OF DRAG REDUCING POLYMERS (DRPs) ON VISCOELASTIC PROPERTIES OF BLOOD OF NORMAL AND DIABETIC RATS (2004)

It has been shown previously that minute concentrations of special blood soluble high molecular weight polymers significantly increase blood flow and tissue perfusion. The exact mechansims of the DRP beneficial effects are yet to be elucidated. In this ongoing study we testsed a hypothesis that the DRPs affect viscoelastic properties of blood. Diabetes was induced in rats using streptozotocin (65 mg/kg) and characterized by blood glucose levels above 300 mg/dl (below 200 mg/dl in normal rats). Blood rheological properties (viscosity, elasticity, and relaxation time) of normal and diabetic rats were tested using a Vilastic-3 viscoelastometer, a Contraves low shear viscometer, and a capillary viscometer at shear rates from 1.285 s−1 to -600 s−1. Blood hematocrit was adjusted to 40%. The major finding was a significant increase in both low shear, by 35 %, and high shear, by 27%. viscosity of diabetic blood compared to normal blood. We did not observe significant effects of DRPs on the measured parameters after the addition of the polymers to the samples of normal blood. A slight decrease in high shear blood viscosity after addition of DRPs to diabetic blood was recorded. This might signify that the DRPs increased RBC deformability. In conclusion, the significant increase in tissue perfusion observed in normal and diabetic rats caused by intravenous injection of nanomolar concentrations of DRPs is most likely related to the direct interaction of the polymers with RBCs in microvessels and increase in RBC deformability and not related to changes in systemic blood viscosity.
Efficient Fixed/Floating-Point Merged Mixed-Precision Multiply-Accumulate Unit for Deep Learning Processors (2018)

Deep learning is getting more and more attentions in recent years. Many hardware architectures have been proposed for efficient implementation of deep neural network. The arithmetic unit, as a core processing part of the hardware architecture, can determine the functionality of the whole architecture. In this paper, an efficient fixed/floating-point merged multiply-accumulate unit for deep learning processor is proposed. The proposed architecture supports 16-bit half-precision floating-point multiplication with 32-bit single-precision accumulation for training operations of deep learning algorithm. In addition, within the same hardware, the proposed architecture also supports two parallel 8-bit fixed-point multiplications and accumulating the products to 32-bit fixed-point number. This will enable higher throughput for inference operations of deep learning algorithms. Compared to a half-precision multiply-accumulate unit (accumulating to single-precision), the proposed architecture has only 4.6% area overhead. With the proposed multiply-accumulate unit, the deep learning processor can support both training and high-throughput inference.
Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles for Remote Opening of Polyelectrolyte Microcapsules (2007)

Silver nanoparticles of 10, 18, and 23 nm were synthesized in aqueous medium by chemical reduction of silver nitrate in excess of sodium borohydride. Modification of polyelectrolyte shells with synthesized silver nanoparticles was performed using the layer-by-layer approach. Remote opening of the polyelectrolyte/silver capsules was performed with a CW Nd:YAG FD laser with an average incident power output up to 70 mW. Capsules with a mixture of 10 and 18 nm silver nanoparticles in its polyelectrolyte shell were ruptured after less than 7 s of laser irradiation, while microcapsules with 23 nm silver nanoparticles in the shell were broken after 11 s of laser treatment and 10 nm silver nanoparticles were broken after 26 s.