gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Enterotoxin-associated DNA sequence homology betweenSalmonellaspecies andEscherichia coli (1991)

Multiple HindIII-restriction fragments of Salmonella typhimurium and Salmonella typhi chromosomal DNA exhibited homology with the heat-labile enterotoxin (LT1) gene of Escherichia coli as determined by Southern blot analysis. A 9.4 kb HindIII restriction fragment identified in S. typhimurium and S. typhi chromosomal DNA reacted with both eltA and eltB gene probes. However, the homology of the 9.4 kb DNA fragment from these Salmonella species was greater with eltB than eltA. In addition, a synthetic oligonucleotide probe, made to a portion of the putative GM1-ganglioside binding region of cholera toxin (CT) and LT1, hybridized with the 9.4 kb DNA fragment of S. typhimurium but not with the 9.4 kb fragment found in S. typhi isolates. The hybridization of multiple restriction fragments of Salmonella DNA with eltA and eltB gene sequences further suggests duplication of the stx operon on the chromosome of these bacteria.
Solidification and transformation behaviour of Cr-Ni stainless steel weld metals with ferritic single-phase solidification mode: Study of solidification and transformation of Cr-Ni stainless steel weld metals (4th report) (1998)

Summary This paper describes an investigation of the microstructural changes taking place in Cr-Ni stainless steel weld metals exhibiting ferritic single-phase solidification behaviour from the solidification stage down to room temperature. These steels initially show precipitation of the austenite at the ferrite grain boundaries on cooling. Continuous intergranular austenite is then formed by the coalescence of globular austenite along the grain boundaries. The austenite has the Kurdjumov-Sachs crystallographic orientation relationship (K-S relationship) with the ferrite on both sides and selects different combinations of close-packed planes and directions for each ferrite. Widmanstätten austenite, which has the same crystallographic characteristics as the intergranular austenite, subsequently grows into ferrite grains. In duplex stainless steel weld metals containing nitrogen, intragranular austenite precipitates after the formation of intergranular austenite. Nitrogen diffusion primarily controls the precipitation of both intergranular and intragranular austenite. With increasing Cr and Ni contents, precipitation of intragranular austenite increases because of an increase in microsegregation during solidification.
Cellular Mechanisms Underlying Eosinophilic and Neutrophilic Airway Inflammation in Asthma (2015)

Asthma is a phenotypically heterogeneous chronic disease of the airways, characterized by either predominant eosinophilic or neutrophilic, or even mixed eosinophilic/neutrophilic inflammatory patterns. Eosinophilic inflammation can be associated with the whole spectrum of asthma severity, ranging from mild-to-moderate to severe uncontrolled disease, whereas neutrophilic inflammation occurs mostly in more severe asthma. Eosinophilic asthma includes either allergic or nonallergic phenotypes underlying immune responses mediated by T helper (Th)2 cell-derived cytokines, whilst neutrophilic asthma is mostly dependent on Th17 cell-induced mechanisms. These immune-inflammatory profiles develop as a consequence of a functional impairment of T regulatory (Treg) lymphocytes, which promotes the activation of dendritic cells directing the differentiation of distinct Th cell subsets. The recent advances in the knowledge of the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying asthmatic inflammation are contributing to the identification of novel therapeutic targets, potentially suitable for the implementation of future improvements in antiasthma pharmacologic treatments.
A Proposal of total risk reduction strategy by hazardous point nearby operation (2004)

This Paper proposes a total risk reduction strategy by hazardous point nearby operation. Hazardous point nearby operation isn't safe only Protective measures taken by the designer. Therefore suggest a Total risk reduction strategy (A human risk reduction measures and Protective measures). Appropriate risk reduction is enabled by suggesting safety technique information from operating worker to de-signer. Edge safety device is safety device in high place work. This was developed by specification suggested by operating worker. Hereby, Operating worker can get the residual risk that can support.
ChemInform Abstract: Progress in the Synthesis of Canthine Alkaloids and Ring‐Truncated Congeners (2013)

Abstract Review: 72 refs.
Agile-Beam Phased Array Radar for Weather Observations (2007)

Weather radars with conventional antenna cannot provide desired volume scan updates at intervals of one minute or less, which is essential for significant improvement in warning lead time of impending storm hazards. The agile-beam multimission phased array radar (MPAR) discussed herein is one potential candidate that can provide faster scanning. It also offers a unique potential for multipurpose use to not only sample weather, but support air traffic needs and track noncooperative airplanes, thus making it an affordable option. After introducing the basic idea behind electronic beam steering, the needs for frequent observations of convective weather are explained. Then, advantages of the phased array radar (PAR) for weather monitoring and improving data quality are examined. To explore and develop weather-related applications of the PAR, a National Weather Radar Testbed (NWRT) has been established in Norman, Oklahoma. The NWRT's main purpose is to address the advanced capabilities anticipated within the next decade so that these could be projected to a possible network of future weather radars. Examples of data illustrating advantages of this advanced radar are shown, and forthcoming plans are discussed.
An inexpensive net radiometer for multipoint spatial surveys (1989)

The article describes an inexpensive net radiometer intended for multipoint spatial surveys. The radiometer employs plane polyethylene windows instead of domes. The use of plane windows eliminates the need for pressurizing and, because of the lesser air volume enclosed, reduces the potential for internal condensation. However, it also gives the radiometers an effective angle of view and a cosine response that both differ from those of domed instruments, and it may enhance effects of temperature differences between the upper and lower polyethylene shields in calm conditions. The new radiometer is easy to manufacture with uniform characteristics using readily available materials. Forty-four net radiometers were built, laboratory and field tested, and used with good success both under winter and summer conditions. Their sensitivity is 8.166 μV/W/sq m±7% in the thermal and 7.814 μV/W/sq m± 4% in the solar spectrum according to the laboratory tests, thus exhibiting a 4.5% greater sensitivity in the long than in the short wavelengths.
How ischaemic preconditioning protects small liver grafts (2005)

Interleukin-1 (IL-1) and transforming growth factor-beta (TGFbeta) are key inhibitors of hepatocyte proliferation after hepatectomy. IL-1 inhibition by heat shock proteins (HSPs) has been reported in inflammatory processes. A recent study indicated the benefits of ischaemic preconditioning in reduced-size orthotopic liver transplantation (ROLT). The present study examined: (a) the effect of ischaemic preconditioning on IL-1 and TGFbeta in ROLT; (b) whether preconditioning protects small liver grafts through HSP induction; and (c) whether the potential benefits of preconditioning on HSP is related to IL-1 inhibition. Our results, obtained with an IL-1 receptor antagonist, indicated the injurious effects of IL-1 in ischaemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury and established a relationship between IL-1 and growth factors. Thus, IL-1 reduced hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) and promoted TGFbeta release, thus contributing to the impaired liver regeneration associated with ROLT. Preconditioning inhibited IL-1 through nitric oxide (NO), thereby protecting against the injurious effects of IL-1. In addition, by another pathway independent of NO, preconditioning induced HSP70 and haem-oxygenase-1 (HO-1). HO-1 protected against I/R injury and liver regeneration, whereas the benefits resulting from HSP70 were mainly related to hepatocyte proliferation. These results suggest a mechanism that explains the effectiveness of preconditioning in ROLT. They suggest, too, that other strategies, in addition to preconditioning, that modulate IL-1 and/or HSPs could be considered in clinical situations requiring liver regeneration such as small liver grafts.
The Effects of Intrathecal Administration of an Antagonist for Prostaglandin E Receptor Subtype EP1 on Mechanical and Thermal Hyperalgesia in a Rat Model of Postoperative Pain (2002)

We examined the effects of an intrathecally administered selective EP(1) receptor antagonist on mechanical and thermal hyperalgesia in a postoperative pain model. The intrathecal EP(1) receptor antagonist inhibited the mechanical, but not thermal, hyperalgesia, indicating the potential for an EP(1) receptor antagonist to be used as an analgesic for postoperative pain, especially incident pain.
Treatment of OA of the Knee in the Middle-aged Athlete (2013)

Knee arthroscopy for patients with osteoarthritis remains controversial. The outcome of arthroscopic debridement in a patient with symptomatic arthritis, and in the absence of mechanical symptoms, is inconsistent and short lived. However, in carefully selected patients with mild or moderate arthritis on standing radiographs, with the acute onset of symptoms, well-localized joint line pain, and painful mechanical symptoms, improved knee function can be expected. Regardless, the natural history of the disease process is unaltered. Patients, especially higher demand middle-aged athletes, must be counseled about the prognosis of degenerative arthritis, the limited positive effects of the arthroscopic procedure, the potential for complications, and the probable need for reconstructive surgery in the future.
A high throughput approach for analysis of cell nuclear deformability at single cell level (2016)

Various physiological and pathological processes, such as cell differentiation, migration, attachment, and metastasis are highly dependent on nuclear elasticity. Nuclear morphology directly reflects the elasticity of the nucleus. We propose that quantification of changes in nuclear morphology on surfaces with defined topography will enable us to assess nuclear elasticity and deformability. Here, we used soft lithography techniques to produce 3 dimensional (3-D) cell culture substrates decorated with micron sized pillar structures of variable aspect ratios and dimensions to induce changes in cellular and nuclear morphology. We developed a high content image analysis algorithm to quantify changes in nuclear morphology at the single-cell level in response to physical cues from the 3-D culture substrate. We present that nuclear stiffness can be used as a physical parameter to evaluate cancer cells based on their lineage and in comparison to non-cancerous cells originating from the same tissue type. This methodology can be exploited for systematic study of mechanical characteristics of large cell populations complementing conventional tools such as atomic force microscopy and nanoindentation.
Data from NQO1 Suppresses NF-κB–p300 Interaction to Regulate Inflammatory Mediators Associated with Prostate Tumorigenesis (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;NADPH reductase NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1) is needed to maintain a cellular pool of antioxidants, and this enzyme may contribute to tumorigenesis on the basis of studies in NQO1-deficient mice. In this work, we sought deeper insights into how NQO1 contributes to prostate carcinogenesis, a setting in which oxidative stress and inflammation are established contributors to disease development and progression. In the TRAMP mouse model of prostate cancer, NQO1 was highly expressed in tumor cells. NQO1 silencing in prostate cancer cells increased levels of nuclear IKKα and NF-κB while decreasing the levels of p53, leading to interactions between NF-κB and p300 that reinforce survival signaling. Gene expression analysis revealed upregulation of a set of immune-associated transcripts associated with inflammation and tumorigenesis in cells in which NQO1 was attenuated, with IL8 confirmed functionally in cell culture as one key NQO1-supported cytokine. Notably, NQO1-silenced prostate cancer cells were more resistant to androgen deprivation. Furthermore, NQO1 inhibition increased migration, including under conditions of androgen deprivation. These results reveal a molecular link between NQO1 expression and proinflammatory cytokine signaling in prostate cancer. Furthermore, our results suggest that altering redox homeostasis through NQO1 inhibition might promote androgen-independent cell survival via opposing effects on NF-κB and p53 function. &lt;i&gt;Cancer Res; 74(19); 5644–55. ©2014 AACR&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Systemic Bone Density at Disease Onset Is Associated With Joint Erosion Progression in Early Naive to Treatment Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Prospective 12-Month Follow-Up Open-Label Study (2021)

<b>Objectives:</b> Osteoporosis and bone erosions are hallmarks of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) since disease onset is underpinned by the inflammatory burden. In this observational study, we aimed to dissect the putative RA-related parameters and bone-derived biomarkers associated with systemic and focal bone loss at disease onset and with their progression. <b>Methods:</b> One-hundred twenty-eight patients with early rheumatoid arthritis (ERA) were recruited at disease onset. At study entry, demographic, clinical, and immunological parameters were recorded. Each ERA patient underwent plain X-rays of the hands and feet at study entry and after 12 months to assess the presence of erosions. After enrollment, each patient was treated according to the recommendations for RA management and followed up based on a treat-to-target (T2T) strategy. At baseline, blood samples for soluble biomarkers were collected from each patient, and plasma levels of osteoprotegerin (OPG), receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand (RANKL), Dickkopf-1 (DKK1), and interleukin 6 (IL-6) were assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Seventy-one ERA patients underwent bone mineral density (BMD) measurement at the left femoral neck and second to fourth lumbar spine vertebrae (L2-L4) by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). <b>Results:</b> Among the whole cohort, 34 (26.6%) ERA patients with bone erosions at study entry had a higher disease activity (<i>p</i> = 0.02) and IL-6 plasma levels (<i>p</i> = 0.03) than non-erosive ones. Moreover, at DXA, 33 (46.5%) ERA patients had osteopenia, and 16 (22.5%) had osteoporosis; patients with baseline bone erosions were more likely osteopenic/osteoporotic than non-erosive ones (<i>p</i> = 0.03), regardless of OPG, RANKL, and DKK1 plasma levels. Obese ERA patients were less likely osteopenic/osteoporotic than normal weight ones (<i>p</i> = 0.002), whereas anti-citrullinated protein antibodies (ACPA) positive ERA patients were more likely osteopenic/osteoporotic than ACPA negative ones (<i>p</i> = 0.034). At logistic regression analysis, baseline Disease Activity Score measured on 44 joints (DAS44) [OR: 2.46 (1.11-5.44)] and osteopenic/osteoporosis status [OR: 7.13 (1.27-39.94)] arose as independent factors of erosiveness. Baseline osteopenic/osteoporotic status and ACPA positivity were associated with bone damage progression during the follow-up. <b>Conclusions:</b> Bone erosions presence is associated with systemic bone loss since the earliest phases of RA, suggesting that the inflammatory burden and autoimmune biology, underpinning RA, represent crucial enhancers of bone remodeling either locally as at systemic level.
Borrelia burgdorferi induces matrix metalloproteinases by neural cultures (1999)

Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are associated with chronic neurologic diseases such as multiple sclerosis and senile dementia. Lyme disease is a multisystemic infection involving the nervous system, skin, joints, and heart. Neurologic manifestations of chronic Lyme disease include encephalopathy and cranial and peripheral neuropathy. Borrelia burgdorferi, the spirochaete causing Lyme disease, has been cultured from the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), and B. burgdorferi DNA is frequently detected in the CSF of patients with Lyme neuroborreliosis. We used cerebral and cerebellar primary cultures to determine whether B. burgdorferi induces the production of MMPs by primary neural cultures. B. burgdorferi in a dose- and time-dependent manner induced the expression of MMP-9 by primary neural cultures but had no effect on the expression of MMP-2. Human and rat type I astrocytes expressed MMP-9 when incubated with B. burgdorferi in the same manner as primary neural cultures. This response may play a role in the symptomatology and the pathogenesis of Lyme neuroborreliosis.
Muteness-based audio watermarking technique (2002)

Audio watermarking is a promising approach to copyright protection of audio data, especially music and songs. Several watermarking techniques have been developed and commercialized. The watermarks produced by those techniques can withstand a number of single attacks such as MPEG, resampling, filtering, and quantization. However, the watermarks are easily destroyed if subjected to chopping or multiple attacks. We present a new audio watermarking technique that provides watermark robustness not only to single attacks but also to multiple attacks and chopping.
Supplemental materials and methods from Loss of NDRG2 Expression Confers Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma with Enhanced Metastatic Potential (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Sequences of the primers for Reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Quantitative real-time PCR analysis&lt;/p&gt;
Aligning α‐alumina platelets via uniaxial pressing of ceramic‐filled polymer blends for improved sintered transparency (2020)

Abstract Uniaxial warm pressing was used to align alumina platelet‐filled polyethylene‐based copolymer blends. The solids loading (30‐40 vol.%) and platelet diameter (1.2 and 11 μm) were varied to compare effects on viscosity, percent reduction, and final alignment. All ceramic‐filled thermoplastic polymer blends exhibited pseudoplastic behavior. Crystallographic alignment of green body samples was quantified by the orientation parameter ( r ) and grain misalignment angle (full width at half maximum, FWHM) obtained from rocking curve analysis. Blends with 11 μm diameter platelets displayed a higher temperature sensitivity constant, better flow properties, and higher alignment compared to blends with 1.2 μm diameter platelets. Optimal samples produced with blends containing 30 vol.% of 11 μm diameter platelets demonstrated an alignment of r = .251 ± .017; FWHM = 11.16° ± 1.16°. A sample with optimal alignment was hot‐pressed to transparency and obtained an in‐line transmission of 70.0% at 645 nm. The final alignment of this pre‐aligned hot‐pressed sample ( r = .254 ± .008; FWHM = 11.38° ± 0.54°) improved when compared to a non‐pre‐aligned sample ( r = .283 ± .005; FWHM = 13.40° ± 0.38°).
Characterization of two distinct DR beta chain alleles at the beta III locus of the DR5 haplotype: beta III alleles are highly conserved. (1986)

The HLA-DR beta region of at least two members of the DRw52 (MT2) supertypic group (DR3, DR5, DRw6, and DRw8) has recently been shown to contain three beta-chain genes--beta I, beta II, and beta III, ordered in the direction of transcription. beta III is apparently a duplication of beta I. Both beta I and beta III are expressed, whereas beta II is a pseudogene. We previously reported the sequence of the DR5 beta I cDNA from the homozygous DR5 cell line Swei. We report here the sequence of two different DR5 beta III cDNA from the same cell line. The assignment of the genes of this and other members of the DRw52 supertypic group to specific loci allow comparisons between products of known alleles and between products of distinct loci. beta I allelic products showed approximately 11% divergence in the first domain, whereas beta I and beta III products showed 17% difference. These differences were clustered and found predominantly in the previously described variable regions (amino acid residues 9 through 13, 26 through 38, and 67 through 74). These data, coupled with the finding of shared variable regions among different DR beta chains, suggest gene conversion as a means of generating polymorphism in the beta I alleles. In contrast, the beta III allelic products showed less than 1% amino acid and nucleotide divergence in the first domain. These differences were outside the variable regions, and attributable to single nucleotide changes. The polymorphism at the beta I locus and the conservation at the beta III locus suggest selective pressure conserving the beta III locus and/or generating polymorphism at the beta I locus, and further suggest that gene conversion may be acting unidirectionally from beta III to beta I.
Effect of interlayer coupling on the reversal process of differential dual spin valves (2012)

Differential dual spin valve (DDSV) is a potential read sensor for ultrahigh density magnetic recording. Recently, it has been found that self-biased DDSVs in which the two free layers (FLs) align in flux closure configuration could potentially remove permanent hard bias. In the present work, we have carried out a systematic study of the effect of the interlayer coupling through gap layer on the reversal process of a self-biased DDSV. From the uniform field response of the DDSV, it was found that the competition among magnetostatic coupling, interlayer coupling and the shape anisotropy of the FLs gives rise to distinctive reversal behaviors, and the magnetostatic coupling could not be perfectly compensated by the interlayer exchange coupling. The down track response of the DDSV reveals that interlayer coupling could play a dominant role on the performance of the DDSV.
Processing of High-Performance (Gd, Y)-Ba-Cu-O Bulk Superconductors With Fine RE211 Pinning Centers (2005)

We have investigated the superconducting properties of (Gd, Y)-Ba-Cu-O bulk superconductors fabricated from precursors of Gd123-Y211 in a reduced oxygen atmosphere. The employment of ball-milled ultra-fine Y211 powder as a precursor material was very effective in enhancing critical current density (J/sub c/), since RE211 inclusions in the melt-textured samples could be drastically refined with decreasing the particle size of Y211 starting powder. The maximum J/sub c/ value reached an extremely high value of 380 kA/cm/sup 2/ at 77 K in self-field. However, size reduction of RE211 led to inhomogeneous distribution of RE211 inclusions. The trapped magnetic fields of Ag-added single-grain samples 25 mm and 33 mm in diameters were 1.5 T and 2.0 T at 77 K, respectively.
New Solvent System For The Improved Electrochemical Performance Of Screen-printed Polyurethane Membrane-based Solid-state Sensors (2005)

In previous work to mass produce chemical sensors using screen printing, we showed the need for higher boiling solvents (i.e. lower evaporation rates) to increase the membrane paste viscosity and thixotrophy. While this approach achieved a paste with good mechanical properties for screen printing, the resulting sensors for some ions exhibited poor electrochemical performance in terms of detection limits and slopes. This paper reports a new technique using Dimethyl phthalate, a low boiling placticizer, for membrane formulation that facilitates screen printing achieving appropriate paste viscosity, while maintaining good electrochemical characteristics.
Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Treated with Growth Differentiation Factor-5 Express Tendon-Specific Markers (2010)

In vitro GDF-5 treatment can induce cellular events leading to the tendonogenic differentiation of ADMSCs. The use of combined GDF-5 and ADMSCs tissue-engineered therapies may have a role in the future of tendon repair.