gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The impact of Moringa oleifera leaf supplementation on human and animal nutrition, growth, and milk production: A systematic review (2022)

Childhood undernutrition contributes to up to 45% of deaths in children under age 5. Moringa oleifera (moringa) leaves are nutrient dense and promote breastmilk production. We performed a systematic review assessing the impact of moringa leaf supplementation in humans and animals on the outcomes of iron, vitamin A status, the measures of growth, and/or breastmilk production. Our inclusion/exclusion criteria were as follows; inclusion: quantitative primary data assessing the effect of moringa leaf supplementation on humans or animals including any of the outcomes defined earlier with no exclusion for geography, age, or language. Exclusion: full text not available. Our search yielded 148 unique studies; among them, 33 were included (seven human studies and 26 animal studies). Quality assessment by Effective Public Health Practice Project guidelines was strong for one study and moderate for all other studies. In humans, moringa at higher (14-30 g/day) not lower (<10 g/day) doses improved hemoglobin (Hgb) in children with iron deficiency anemia, improved Hgb and vitamin A status in postmenopausal women, and increased BMI in HIV+ underweight adults. Moringa (0.5 g/day) also increased breastmilk volumes. In animals, moringa increased milk production in two of three studies, inconsistently affected growth, and had no effect on iron status. Evidence on moringa supplementation's utility is limited but promising. Larger, more rigorous trials are needed to characterize its impact.
Abstract 14939: Deficiency of Fatty Acid Binding Protein-4 and -5 Impairs Intestinal Lipid Absorption (2014)

Introduction: Fatty acid binding protein 4 (FABP-4) and FABP-5 are cytosolic FA chaperones that mediate metabolic disorders such as diet-induced obesity, diabetes and atherosclerosis. We recently showed that FABP4/5 expressed in capillary endothelial cells facilitate FA uptake from circulation into interstitial fluid. However, serum levels of free FA (FFA) and triacylglycerol (TG) were not elevated in mice lacking both FABP4/5 (double knockout: DKO) compared with wild-type (WT) during feeding despite the fact that FA uptake by the heart and skeletal muscle was significantly reduced in DKO mice. Hypothesis: FABP4/5 also play a role in lipid absorption. Results: Under high fat diet for six weeks as well as ketogenic diet with no carbohydrate for three days, serum TG levels were significantly lower in DKO mice compared to WT, suggesting reduced lipid absorption during long term lipid overload. We next examined an effect of acute lipid overload by olive oil gavage (10 μl/g body weight). Serum TG levels were significantly lower in DKO mice at 2, 4 and 6 hours after olive oil gavage, which was accompanied by reduced levels of TG-rich lipoproteins, chylomicron and very large density lipoprotein, as well as TG levels in intestinal lymph. Lower levels of TG by olive oil gavage were confirmed in DKO mice even when TG consumption by peripheral tissues was blocked by intravenous injection of tyloxapol, an inhibitor of lipoprotein lipase. Furthermore, TG accumulation in proximal small intestine was diminished, suggesting that lipid absorption may be inhibited at levels of FA uptake and/or TG formation. Consistent with this, expression level of diacylglycerol acyl-transferase 2, a gene involved in TG formation, was decreased. Curiously enough, immunohistochemistry revealed that FABP4/5 were expressed in capillary endothelial cells in villi of small intestine, but not lymph vessel, where TG-rich chyromicron is secreted, suggesting that FABP4/5 play a role in intestinal lipid absorption through unexpected mechanism. Conclusions: Lipid absorption is impaired in DKO mice, and raise the possibility that protection of DKO mice from high fat diet-induces metabolic abnormalities is at least partly ascribed to disturbance of lipid absorption.
A Robust Hole-Filling Algorithm for Triangular Mesh (2007)

Summary form only given. This paper presents a novel hole-filling algorithm that can fill arbitrary holes in triangular mesh models. First, the advancing front mesh technique is used to cover the hole with newly created triangles. Next, the desirable normals of the new triangles are approximated using our desirable normal computing schemes. Finally, the three coordinates of every new vertex are re-positioned by solving the Poisson equation based on the desirable normals and the boundary vertices of the hole. Many experimental results and error evaluations are given to show the robustness and efficiency of the algorithm.
Extended local similarity analysis (eLSA) of microbial community and other time series data with replicates (2011)

The extended LSA analysis technique was demonstrated to reveal statistically significant local and potentially time-delayed association patterns in replicated time series data beyond that of ordinary correlation analysis. These statistically significant associations can provide insights to the real dynamics of biological systems. The newly designed eLSA software efficiently streamlines the analysis and is freely available from the eLSA homepage, which can be accessed at http://meta.usc.edu/softs/lsa.
A system for image-based modeling and photo editing (2002)

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Architecture, 2002.
Four salt phases of theophylline (2014)

The structures of two anhydrous salt phases of theophylline, namely 1,3-dimethyl-2,6-dioxo-7H-purin-9-ium tetrafluoroborate, C7H9N4O2(+)·BF4(-), and 1,3-dimethyl-2,6-dioxo-7H-purin-9-ium chloride, C7H9N4O2(+)·Cl(-), are reported together with the structures of two monohydrate salt forms, namely 1,3-dimethyl-2,6-dioxo-7H-purin-9-ium chloride monohydrate, C7H9N4O2(+)·Cl(-)·H2O, and 1,3-dimethyl-2,6-dioxo-7H-purin-9-ium bromide monohydrate, C7H9N4O2(+)·Br(-)·H2O. The monohydrate structures are mutually isostructural, with the cations and anions lying on crystallographic mirror planes (Z' = ½). The main intermolecular interaction motif is a hydrogen-bonding network in the same mirror plane. The tetrafluoroborate structure is based on planar hydrogen-bonded theopylline cation dimers; the anions interact with the dimers in a pendant fashion. The anhydrous chloride structure has Z' = 2 and in contrast to the other species it does not form planar hydrogen-bonded constructs, instead one-dimensional chains of cations and anions propagate parallel to the crystallographic c direction. An earlier report claiming to describe an anhydrous structure of theophylline hydrochloride is re-examined in light of these results. It is concluded that the earlier structure has been reported in the wrong space group and that it has been chemically misidentified.
89. Radiation exposure to PET technologists at the Austin & Repatriation Medical Centre (2000)

s: Abstracts of the 30th Annual Scientific Meeting of the Australian and New Zealand Society of Nuclear Medicine
Holographic imaging of microwave propagation (2002)

A method which provides a visual rendering of three-dimensional radiowave propagation through dual-frequency passive holographic observation is proposed. A comparatively small plane scanning antenna and a general-purpose microwave spectrum analyzer are used to record two-tone continuous-wave holograms. Phase differences in the reconstructed holograms and the amplitude data on images extracted from these holograms enable highly sensitive three-dimensional high-resolution electromagnetic wave propagation imaging and holographic radar imaging. Results are presented for imaging of indoor multipath radio propagation and imaging of an indoor electromagnetic field vector.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Morphogenesis of the digestive tract of the pluteus larva ofStrongylocentrotus purpuratus: sphincter formation (1980)

Abstract In the developing pluteus larva of S. purpuratus, the initial morphogenetic event in the formation of a functional gut is the appearance of two constrictions in the archenteron. These two constrictions become the cardiac and pyloric sphincters. During the 2 h in which the constrictions form, the sphincter cells change from cuboidal to wedge-shaped, and the apical ends of the sphincter cells develop an electron-dense region in which microfilaments can be resolved. Constriction of the archenteron was reversibly inhibited by cytochalasin B, although cytochalasin B had no effect once the constrictions had fully formed. Neither the electron-dense region nor the microfilaments were observed after cytochalasin B treatment. It is suggested that sphincter formation is initially accomplished by a microfilament-mediated contraction of the apical ends of the sphincter cells, which changes their shape and constricts the archenteron. Keywords: morphogenesispluteus larvamicrofilamentscytochalasin B
Bayesian Analysis of Step-Stress Accelerated Life Tests and Its Use in Planning (2015)

A Bayesian analysis of step-stress accelerated life test data is introduced and illustrated by an experiment on cryogenic cables. A cumulative damage model is used to describe the cumulative distribution function of Weibull lifetimes. The analysis methodology can then be used to evaluate a step-stress accelerated life test plan through simulation and calculation of appropriate criteria. Such planning is illustrated with the cryogenic cable example.
Water-Soluble Organometallic Catalysts from Carbohydrates. 2. A Strategy for the Preparation of Catalysts with Pendant Quaternary Ammonium Groups Using d-Salicin (2001)

A series of water-soluble chelating bis-phosphinite ligands have been prepared from D-salicin (2-(hydroxymethyl)phenyl beta-D-glucopyranoside). The 4- and 6-hydroxyl groups of salicin were protected as a cyclic ketal. Mitsunobu reaction with phthalimide at the benzylic position was used to install the aminomethyl side-chain in the C(1)-aromatic substituent. Formation of the bis-2,3-O-diarylphosphinite was accomplished by reaction of the resulting diol with chlorodiarylphosphine. Quaternization with Meerwein's salt (Me(3)O(+) BF(4)(-)) followed by reaction with Rh(+)(COD)(2) BF(4)(-) gave precatalysts with limited aqueous solubility. Deprotection of the ketal group with acidic resin in methanol gave water-soluble cationic Rh complexes that are competent to carry out highly efficient hydrogenation of acetamidoacrylic acid derivatives in organic, aqueous, or biphasic media. However, enantioselectivities of these reactions in neat aqueous or biphasic media are generally lower than those observed in organic medium.
Contention Resolution for Coded Radio Networks (2022)

Randomized backoff protocols, such as exponential backoff, are a powerful tool for managing access to a shared resource, often a wireless communication channel (e.g., [1]). For a wireless device to transmit successfully, it uses a backoff protocol to ensure exclusive access to the channel. Modern radios, however, do not need exclusive access to the channel to communicate; in particular, they have the ability to receive useful information even when more than one device transmits at the same time. These capabilities have now been exploited for many years by systems that rely on interference cancellation, physical layer network coding and analog network coding to improve efficiency. For example, Zigzag decoding [56] demonstrated how a base station can decode messages sent by multiple devices simultaneously.
High temperature decreases the PIC / POC ratio and increases phosphorus requirements in Coccolithus pelagicus (Haptophyta) (2014)

Abstract. Rising ocean temperatures will likely increase stratification of the water column and reduce nutrient input into the photic zone. This will increase the likelihood of nutrient limitation in marine microalgae, leading to changes in the abundance and composition of phytoplankton communities, which in turn will affect global biogeochemical cycles. Calcifying algae, such as coccolithophores, influence the carbon cycle by fixing CO2 into particulate organic carbon through photosynthesis (POC production) and into particulate inorganic carbon through calcification (PIC production). As calcification produces a net release of CO2, the ratio of PIC to POC production determines whether coccolithophores act as a source (high PIC / POC) or a sink (low PIC / POC) of atmospheric CO2. We studied the effect of phosphorus (P-) limitation and high temperature on the physiology and the PIC / POC ratio of two subspecies of Coccolithus pelagicus. This large and heavily calcified species is a major contributor to calcite export from the photic zone into deep-sea reservoirs. Phosphorus limitation did not influence exponential growth rates in either subspecies, but P-limited cells had significantly lower cellular P-content. One of the subspecies was subjected to a 5 °C temperature increase from 10 °C to 15 °C, which did not affect exponential growth rates either, but nearly doubled cellular P-content under both high and low phosphate availability. This temperature increase reduced the PIC / POC ratio by 40–60%, whereas the PIC / POC ratio did not differ between P-limited and nutrient-replete cultures when the subspecies were grown near their respective isolation temperature. Both P-limitation and elevated temperature significantly increased coccolith malformations. Our results suggest that a temperature increase may intensify P-limitation due to a higher P-requirement to maintain growth and POC production rates, possibly reducing abundances in a warmer ocean. Under such a scenario C. pelagicus may decrease its calcification rate relative to photosynthesis, thus favouring CO2 sequestration over release. It seems unlikely that P-limitation by itself causes changes in the PIC / POC ratio in this species.
Drop formation from an orifice in an electric field (1987)

The use of an electric field to control the formation of small drops at an orifice in a circular disk was investigated. Water drops were formed in a pure cyclohexane continuous phase, in the pre-jetting regime using four different orifice diameters. Because of the application of high potentials (up to 1000 V/cm) and because the orifice plate produced a nonuniform field, drop volumes varied to as little as 20 times smaller than the drop volume for a zero-field case. The drops were ellipsoidal in shape, and droplet eccentricity increased dramatically with field intensity. A mathematical model was developed, based on the potential field between a disk (the orifice plate) and an infinite plate (the grounded screen). The electric force on the drop was calculated from the field intensity at discrete points around the periphery. Values for predicted drop volumes using this model and for experimental drop volumes agreed very well. 11 refs., 8 figs.
A Unified Theory of Ammonium Perehlorate Deflagration and the Low Pressure Deflagration Limit (1975)

Abstract A unified theory is proposed to explain using a single framework the hitherto separately treated aspects of the combustion of ammonium perehlorate: burning rate, low-pressure deflagration limit and ignition. The model on the basis of which the theory is formulated incorporates the experimentally observed microstructure of the burning surface of ammonium perehlorate, which provides an intermediate heat sink in an overall adiabatic system. The theory explains the existence of the low-pressure deflagration limit of ammonium perehlorate, which has eluded previous attempts at theoretical explanation. Furthermore, the theory predicts accurately the variation of the limiting pressure with initial solid temperature and also the nearly constant burning rate at the low-pressure deflagration limit regardless of initial solid temperature. The comparison of the theory and experiment for the low-pressure deflagration limit and burning rate of ammonium perehlorate indicates that the same reaction mechanisms prevail during deflagration and near the pressure limit and that the extinction is due to heat loss rather than to a change in reaction mechanism. The theory also suggests a possibility of modifying the low-pressure deflagration limit by physical means. The rates of the gas-phase reactions are found to be well-represented by second-order overall kinetics.
Weyl semimetals in ultrafast laser fields (2019)

We study theoretically the interaction of topological Weyl semimetals with an ultrafast optical pulse. The electron dynamics in such material is coherent and highly anisotropic. For some directions of pulse polarization, the electric dynamics is irreversible, which means that the residual electron conduction-band population after the pulse is comparable to the maximum conduction-band population during the pulse. For other directions of polarization, the electron dynamics is highly reversible and, after the pulse, the electron system returns to its initial state with almost zero conduction-band population. Such high anisotropy in electron dynamics is related to anisotropy in interband dipole matrix elements. In the reciprocal space, the electron conduction-band population density shows hot spots near the Weyl points. The optical pulse also causes net charge transfer through the system. The direction of transfer is the same as the direction of the field maximum. The transferred charge has highly anisotropic dependence on polarization direction with almost zero transferred charge for some directions.
AEDNav: indoor navigation for locating automated external defibrillator (2022)

This research proposes a novel approach that requires no special hardware, large scale data or significant initial work to provide indoor navigation. The proposed system AEDNav can achieve an accuracy similar to the existing indoor navigation systems. Implementing this indoor navigation system could reduce the time to locate an AED and ultimately increase patient survival during sudden cardiac arrest.
Bacterial adhesion : molecular and ecological diversity (1996)

Bacterial Attachment in Aquatic Environments: A Diversity of Surfaces and Adhesion Strategies (M. Fletcher). Bacterial Interactions with Surfaces in Soils (A. Mills & D. Powelson). Adhesion as a Strategy for Access to Nutrients (K. Marshall). Adhesion to Biomaterials (M. Mittelman). Adhesion in the Rhizosphere (A. Matthysse). The Cellulosome: A Cell Surface Organelle for the Adhesion to and Degradation of Cellulose (E. Bayer, et al.). Pseudomonas Aeruginosa: Versatile Attachment Mechanisms (A. Prince). Conceptual Advances in Research on the Adhesion of Bacteria to Oral Surfaces (R. Ellen & R. Burne). Coaggregation: Enhancing Colonization in a Fluctuating Environment (J. London & P. Kolenbrander). Sensing, Response, and Adaptation to Surfaces: Swarmer Cell Differentiation and Behavior (R. Belas). Myxococcus Coadhesion and Role in the Life Cycle (L. Shimkets). Index.
STED nanoscopy combined with optical tweezers reveals protein dynamics on densely covered DNA (presentation video) (2014)

Dense coverage of DNA by proteins is a ubiquitous feature of cellular processes such as DNA organization, replication and repair. We present a single-molecule approach capable of visualizing individual DNA-binding proteins on densely covered DNA and in the presence of high protein concentrations. Our approach combines optical tweezers with multicolor confocal and stimulated emission depletion (STED) fluorescence microscopy. Proteins on DNA are visualized at a resolution of 50 nm, a sixfold resolution improvement over that of confocal microscopy. High temporal resolution (&lt;50 ms) is ensured by fast one-dimensional beam scanning. Individual trajectories of proteins translocating on DNA can thus be distinguished and tracked with high precision. We demonstrate our multimodal approach by visualizing the assembly of dense nucleoprotein filaments with unprecedented spatial resolution in real time. Experimental access to the force-dependent kinetics and motility of DNA-associating proteins at biologically relevant protein densities is essential for linking idealized in vitro experiments with the in vivo situation.
Kinetics of the reactions of OH with several alkyl halidesElectronic Supplementary Information available. See http://www.rsc.org/suppdata/cp/b1/b105188c/ (2001)

The rate coefficients for the reactions of OH with methyl chloride (k1), ethyl chloride (k2), methylene chloride (k3), ethyl bromide (k4), n-propyl bromide (k5) and isopropyl bromide (k6) were measured over the temperature range, 220–380 K, using pulsed photolysis-pulsed laser induced fluorescence (PP-PLIF). The measured rate coefficients, k1–6 , (cm3 molecule−1 s−1) are: k1 = 1.3 × 10−13T0.5 exp[ − (1238)/T]; k2 = 1.5 × 10−13T0.5 exp[ − 637/T]; k3 = 6.6 × 10−14T0.5 exp[ − 721/T]; k4 = 1.7 × 10−13T0.5 exp[ − 641/T]; k5 = 9.1 × 10−14T0.5 exp[ − 157/T]; k6 = 7.0 × 10−14T0.50 exp[ − 145/T]. These rate constants are compared with those from previous studies. Some trends in the reactivities are also noted. The globally averaged atmospheric lifetime for methyl chloride, CH3Cl, with respect to loss by reaction with OH, derived from the rate constant data performed in this study is 1.3 years. The rate constants for the reaction of OH with the other compounds presented in this study are large enough to make these reactions their dominant atmospheric loss pathway.
An Air Gap Model for Magnetostatic Volume Integral Formulation (2022)

This paper presents an air gap model for thin air gaps using the magnetostatic volume integral method. The thin air gap is considered as a surface region with a numerical treatment instead of a volume region to avoid having a thin mesh that could lead to long computations. An application to a current transformer is reported to show its accuracy.
Middle-distance Front Crawl Determinants When Using a Wetsuit (2022)

Our aim was to establish the determinants explaining the wetsuit advantages in middle-distance swimming efforts. Thirty-one triathletes and open water swimmers performed two 400 m front crawl bouts in a 25 m swimming pool with swim and wetsuits (with 48 h rest in-between). Anthropometric, kinematic and physiological variables were measured and Pearson correlation coefficients and stepwise linear regression analysis were used to determine their relationships. Associations observed in the 400 m front crawl included time improved using wetsuit with swimmers age (r=0.38; <i>p</i>=0.017), cross-sectional area (r=0.33; <i>p</i>=0.034), wetsuit upper limbs thickness (r=-0.49; <i>p</i>=0.010), ΔInternational Swimming Federation Points (r=-0.39;<i>p</i>=0.016), Δstroke rate (SR, r=0.48; <i>p</i>=0.003), Δstroke length (SL, r=-0.39; <i>p</i>=0.015), Δpropelling efficiency (r=-0.37; <i>p</i>=0.019) and Δblood lactate concentrations (r=0.30; <i>p</i>=0.048) in the total sample. In females, associations were found between the time improved and wetsuit upper and lower limbs thickness (both r=-0.78; <i>p</i>=0.011), and in males associations were found between time improved and age (r=0.43; <i>p</i>=0.030), ΔSR (r=0.56; <i>p</i>=0.005) and ΔSL (r=-0.44; <i>p</i>=0.026). Furthermore, 48% of the 400 m front crawl time improved was explained by wetsuit upper limbs thickness and SR changes (total sample), 62% explained by the wetsuit lower limbs thickness (females) and 48% of this enhancement was related to age and SR changes (males). Therefore, faster upper and lower limbs actions and wetsuit upper and lower limbs thickness are beneficial for 400 m front crawl performance improvement.