gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Generalized anxiety disorder: comorbidity, comparative biology and treatment (2002)

Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) is a severe and chronic anxiety disorder characterized by uncontrollable worrying and somatic anxiety (tension, insomnia and hypervigilance). It is a common condition, with lifetime prevalence rates for DSM-IV GAD in the general population of approx. 5-6% being reported. In addition, like other anxiety disorders, GAD also shows comorbidity with depression and most of the other anxiety disorders. This article reviews data on the prevalence of GAD, its comorbidity with depression, and its social and economic impact. Proposed neurobiological mechanisms for GAD are discussed, since an understanding of these may help in the development of future therapies. Finally, current pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatment options for GAD are reviewed, with particular attention being paid to published clinical-trial data.
The Phage Lytic Proteins from the Staphylococcus aureus Bacteriophage vB_SauS-phiIPLA88 Display Multiple Active Catalytic Domains and Do Not Trigger Staphylococcal Resistance (2013)

The increase in antibiotic resistance world-wide revitalized the interest in the use of phage lysins to combat pathogenic bacteria. In this work, we analyzed the specific cleavage sites on the staphylococcal peptidoglycan produced by three phage lytic proteins. The investigated cell wall lytic enzymes were the endolysin LysH5 derived from the S. aureus bacteriophage vB_SauS-phi-IPLA88 (phi-IPLA88) and two fusion proteins between lysostaphin and the virion-associated peptidoglycan hydrolase HydH5 (HydH5SH3b and HydH5Lyso). We determined that all catalytic domains present in these proteins were active. Additionally, we tested for the emergence of resistant Staphylococcus aureus to any of the three phage lytic proteins constructs. Resistant S. aureus could not be identified after 10 cycles of bacterial exposure to phage lytic proteins either in liquid or plate cultures. However, a quick increase in lysostaphin resistance (up to 1000-fold in liquid culture) was observed. The lack of resistant development supports the use of phage lytic proteins as future therapeutics to treat staphylococcal infections.
Deep convolutional architecture for natural image denoising (2015)

Natural image is an important source of human access to information, however observed image signals are often corrupted in the process of acquisition or transmission. As an important link of image preprocessing, image denoising has significant influence on the follow-up procedures. Unlike traditional methods that use related features of spatial or transform domain in a single image, we propose a deep learning method for natural image denoising. Our method directly learns an end-to-end mapping from a noisy image to a corresponding de-noised image. It's based on a deep convolutional architecture with rectified linear units and local response normalization. The experiment results show that the proposed deep convolutional architecture learns various features from noisy images, and achieves denoising results of high quality within short time for practical usage.
Case report: Expanding the phenotype of FOXP1-related intellectual disability syndrome and hyperkinetic movement disorder in differential diagnosis with epileptic seizures (2023)

We suggest that <i>FOXP1</i>-related ID syndrome may also predispose to the development of hyperkinetic movement disorders and flat angiomas. These features could therefore require specific management of this condition.
Free circular introns with an unusual branchpoint in neuronal projections (2019)

Abstract The polarized structure of axons and dendrites in neuronal cells depends in part on RNA localization. Previous studies have looked at which polyadenylated RNAs are enriched in neuronal projections or at synapses, but less is known about the distribution of non-adenylated RNAs. By physically dissecting projections from cell bodies of primary rat hippocampal neurons and sequencing total RNA, we found an unexpected set of free circular introns with a non-canonical branchpoint enriched in neuronal projections. These introns appear to be tailless lariats that escape debranching. They lack ribosome occupancy, sequence conservation, and known localization signals, and their function, if any, is not known. Nonetheless, their enrichment in projections has important implications for our understanding of the mechanisms by which RNAs reach distal compartments of asymmetric cells.
Preparation and Drug Release Profile of Chitosan–Siloxane Hybrid Capsules Coated with Hydroxyapatite (2022)

Chitosan is a cationic polymer that forms polymerized membranes upon reaction with anionic polymers. Chitosan−carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) capsules are drug delivery carrier candidates whose mechanical strength and permeability must be controlled to achieve sustained release. In this study, the capsules were prepared from chitosan−γ-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane (GPTMS)−CMC. The mechanical stability of the capsules was improved by crosslinking the chitosan with GPTMS. The capsules were then coated with hydroxyapatite (HAp) by alternately soaking them in calcium chloride solution and disodium hydrogen phosphate solution to prevent rapid initial drug release. Cytochrome C (CC), as a model drug, was introduced into the capsules via two routes, impregnation and injection, and then the CC released from the capsules was examined. HAp was found to be deposited on the internal and external surfaces of the capsules. The amount of CC introduced, and the release rate were reduced by the HAp coating. The injection method was found to result in the greatest CC loading.
Glycosylated Hemoglobin in Relationship to Cardiovascular Outcomes and Death in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (2012)

Chronic hyperglycemia is associated with an increased risk for cardiovascular outcomes and all-cause mortality among patients with type 2 diabetes, likely independently from other conventional risk factors.
Biomimetic Porous Titanium Scaffolds for Orthopedic and Dental Applications (2010)

Biomimetics, Learning from Nature 416 scaffolds through a space holder sintering method. Finally, surface modification of the resultant porous Ti scaffolds through a biomimetic chemical technique is reviewed, in order to ensure that the surfaces of the scaffolds fulfill the requirements for biomedical applications.
Techniques of improving the imaginary-distance full-vectorial BPM based on Yee’s mesh (1998)

Recently, Lee[l] has proposed the full-vectorial finite-difference beam-propagation method (FD-BPM) based on Yee’s mesh[2].
Optimizing Katsevich image reconstruction algorithm on multicore processors (2007)

The Katsevich image reconstruction algorithm is the first theoretically exact cone beam image reconstruction algorithm for a helical scanning path in computed tomography (CT). However, it requires much more computation and memory than other CT algorithms. Fortunately, there are many opportunities for coarse-grained parallelism using multiple threads and fine-grained parallelism using SIMD units that can be exploited by emerging multi- core processors. In this paper, we implemented and optimized Katsevich image reconstruction based on the previously proposed pi- interval method and cone beam cover method and parallelized them using OpenMP API and SIMD instructions. We also exploited symmetry in the backprojection stage. Our results show that reconstructing a 1024 times 1024 times 1024 image using 5120 512 times 128 projections on a dual-socket quad-core system took 23,798 seconds on our baseline and 642 seconds on our final version, a more than 37 times speedup. Furthermore, by parallelizing the code with more threads we found that the scalability is eventually hinged by the limited front-side bus bandwidth.
Biomolecular Electronics and Optical Computing (2020)

This chapter gives an overview of the use of biological molecules in optically coupled molecular electronic devices, with an emphasis on the use of the protein bacteriorhodopsin in optical memories and optical computing devices. It describes the use of this protein in selected applications that include holography, spatial light modulators, neural network optical computing, and volumetric and associative optical memories. There are significant advantages inherent in the use of biological molecules, either in their native form or modified via chemical or mutagenic methods, as active components in optoelectronic devices. Optically coupled devices based on bacteriorhodopsin are driven by linear (one-photon) or nonlinear (two-photon) excitation. A majority of these devices operate by switching between two of the intermediates that populate the complex photocycle of the protein. Two-photon three-dimensional optical addressing architectures offer significant promise for the development of a new generation of ultra-high-density random access memories. The chapter illustrates the optical design of a two-photon three-dimensional optical memory.
Real-Time Traffic in Ad-Hoc Sensor Networks (2009)

The usage of sensors is emerging in the nowadays scenario where safety related applications are more and more used. These applications have timing constraints that need to be met by the control system. Thus, guaranteeing timeliness properties is considered a key challenge for research on wireless sensor networks. Among the different components that need to address this problem, we focus on the communication subsystem and, in particular, on the MAC protocols that handles transmissions. To provide timeliness behavior, the employed MAC protocol has to provide a time-bounded service. The contribution of this paper is to investigate the performance of two wireless MAC protocols that can be employed in wireless sensor networks: IEEE 802.11e and WRT-Ring. The former is part of the well know IEEE 802.11 standard, whereas the latter has characteristics that well fit the requirements of wireless sensor networks. Results show that two protocols have similar performances for networks with limited devices and/or traffic, whereas when devices and/or traffic increases, WRT-Ring has to be preferred.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF DIFUNCTIONALIZED ICEANE DERIVATIVES: 3,13‐DIMETHYLENE‐8‐OXAPENTACYCLO(8.3.1.12,6.04,12.06,10)PENTADECANE (1983)

Abstract Isotetralin (I) reagiert mit dem Tetrachlorthiophendioxid (II) zum Monoaddukt (III), dessen Epoxidation die Verbindung (IV) gibt.
Consumers’ Willingness to Pay for Bacteriophage Technology Treated Fresh Produce (2012)

The United States is remarkably safe, when it comes to food supply. Nevertheless, food can become contaminated with a variety of germs. According to reports by a food safety group of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, food-borne illness caused by bacteria such as E. coli and salmonella not only take a huge toll on American consumers’ health but they cost the United States an estimated $152 billion annually in health care and other losses. To curb this increasing phenomenon, there has been a reintroduction of bacteriophage in the treatment of bacteria on raw foods. This study utilized a survey questionnaire administered by telephone to consumers in four different states; Alabama, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. In this study, as in other willingness to pay studies, a binary Logit model was employed to estimate consumers’ WTP an additional amount for fresh produce treated with bateriophage technology. The Logit model expresses consumers’ WTP as a function of income, education, race, gender and geographical location (States). Based on the estimation results, income was found to be significant at the 5 percent level in determining a consumer’s WTP. In this particular study, Caucasians were willing to pay an additional amount relative to other races at the 10 percent significance level. Also, where a consumer lived (State) was found to be significant with consumers in the states of Georgia and North Carolina having higher WTP relative to Alabama and South Carolina.
Cover Picture: Optimization of Oxygen Activation Fuel‐Cell Electrocatalysts by Combinatorial Designs (ChemSusChem 10/2009) (2009)

The cover picture image by José M. Serra and Vicente B. Vert of the Universidad Politecnica de Valencia (Spain) is based on their research towards highly active oxygen activation fuel-cell electrocatalysts. In their Communication on p. 957, they describe how the screening of a well-designed combinatorial library of crystalline catalysts reveals unexpected cooperative effects between different promoters. The experimental design chosen is a quaternary mixture diagram (solid tetrahedron) and the outcome of the screening is the identification of optimized ternary crystalline compounds combining high electrochemical activity and relatively low activation energy. These features suggest that the materials are well-suited for operation as fuel cell cathodes at intermediate temperatures (550–650 °C)—as shown in the work—and as catalytic layers on oxygen-permeable membranes. The work is supported by physico-chemical and structural characterization as well as data modeling, including neural networks.
Monoanionic Molybdenum and Tungsten Tris(dithiolene) Complexes: A Multifrequency EPR Study (2011)

Numerous Mo and W tris(dithiolene) complexes in varying redox states have been prepared and representative examples characterized crystallographically: [M(S(2)C(2)R(2))(3)](z) [M = Mo, R = Ph, z = 0 (1) or 1- (2); M = W, R = Ph, z = 0 (4) or 1- (5); R = CN, z = 2-, M = Mo (3) or W (6)]. Changes in dithiolene C-S and C-C bond lengths for 1 versus 2 and 4 versus 5 are indicative of ligand reduction. Trigonal twist angles (Θ) and dithiolene fold angles (α) increase and decrease, respectively, for 2 versus 1, 5 versus 4. Cyclic voltammetry reveals generally two reversible couples corresponding to 0/1- and 1-/2- reductions. The electronic structures of monoanionic molybdenum tris(dithiolene) complexes have been analyzed by multifrequency (S-, X-, Q-band) EPR spectroscopy. Spin-Hamiltonian parameters afforded by spectral simulation for each complex demonstrate the existence of two distinctive electronic structure types. The first is [Mo(IV)((A)L(3)(5-•))](1-) ((A)L = olefinic dithiolene, type A), which has the unpaired electron restricted to the tris(dithiolene) unit and is characterized by isotropic g-values and small molybdenum superhyperfine coupling. The second is formulated as [Mo(V)((B)L(3)(6-))](1-) ((B)L = aromatic dithiolene, type B) with spectra distinguished by a prominent g-anisotropy and hyperfine coupling consistent with the (d(z(2)))(1) paramagnet. The electronic structure disparity is also manifested in their electronic absorption spectra. The compound [W(bdt)(3)](1-) exhibits spin-Hamiltonian parameters similar to those of [Mo(bdt)(3)](1-) and thus is formulated as [W(V)((B)L(3)(6-))](1-). The EPR spectra of [W((A)L(3))](1-) display spin-Hamiltonian parameters that suggest their electronic structure is best represented by two resonance forms {[W(IV)((A)L(3)(5-•))](1-) ↔ [W(V)((A)L(3)(6-))](1-)}. The contrast with the corresponding [Mo(IV)((A)L(3)(5-•))](1-) complexes highlights tungsten's preference for higher oxidation states.
The Fourth Industrial Revolution and Social Importance of Tea Culture (2018)

The Fourth Industrial Revolution represents advancements in technologies such as artificial intelligence and internet of things. These advancements are expected to bring many benefits but there are concerns regarding the displacement of the human work force, income inequality, as well as moral and ethical uses of artificial intelligence. The objectives of this study are to analyze the role of tea culture, how tea culture will change and how the tea culture industry needs to prepare for the future. This study finds that the Fourth Industrial Revolution will bring unique challenges and innovations to the tea culture. Tea culture, with its representation of traditional human virtues, is expected to take on an important role in preserving and educating these virtues in society. Tea ceremony education is expected to expand at schools. Nationwide tea ceremony education curriculums will be needed to facilitate effective and efficient adoption at schools. Technological advancements such as customized teas and teaware, tea machines with artificial intelligence and home robots will make tea preparation and drinking convenient and pleasant. The next generation of tea students must be encouraged to fuse these new technologies and tea culture contents to keep up with the changing society and enable advancement of tea culture for the future.
[The mechanism of action of cyproterone acetate in the treatment of hirsutism]. (1983)

Cyproterone acetate (CPA) in association with percutaneously offinistered estradiol has been used for the treatment of 150 hirsute patients for periods ranging from 6 months to 3 years. A spectacular clinical improvement ensued. Plasma testosterone (T) and androstenedione (A) fell from 69 +/- 24 to 33 +/- 8 and 210 +/- 103 to 119 +/- 25 ng/dl (mean +/- SD) respectively after 3 months of treatment and remained low thereafter. In contrast, T glucuronide (Tg) and 3 alpha-androstanediol (Adiol) remained high during the whole course of treatment: 37 +/- 9 and 115 +/- 43 micrograms/24 h respectively. In vitro T 5 alpha-reductase activity (5 alpha-R) in pubic skin decreased from 147 +/- 34 to 79 +/- 17 fmol/mg skin after 1 year of treatment. To elucidate the discrepancy between plasma and urinary androgens levels, T production rate (PR) and metabolic clearance rate (MCR) were measured with the constant infusion technique in 6 patients before and after 6 months of treatment. PR decreased from 988 +/- 205 to 380 +/- 140 micrograms/24 h (mean +/- SD). In contrast MCRT increased from 1275 +/- 200 to 1632 +/- 360 1/24 h; this increase in MCRT explains the striking plasma T concentration fall and the high TG and Adiol excretion relative to the decrease in PR. Antipyrine clearance rate (n = 8) increased from 36.3 +/- 5.2 to 51.5 +/- 7.4 ml/min whereas urinary/6 beta hydroxycortisol remained unchanged. In conclusion, CPA acts through several mechanisms:(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
New frontiers in pharmaceutical analysis: A metabolomic approach to check batch compliance of complex products based on natural substances (2016)

Natural substances, particularly medicinal plants and their extracts, are still today intended as source for new Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients (APIs). Alternatively they can be validly employed to prepare medicines, food supplements or medical devices. The most adopted analytical approach used to verify quality of natural substances like medicinal plants is based still today on the traditional quantitative determination of marker compounds and/or active ingredients, besides the acquisition of a fingerprint by TLC, NIR, HPLC, GC. Here a new analytical approach based on untargeted metabolomic fingerprinting by means of Mass Spectrometry (MS) to verify the quality of grinTuss adulti syrup, a complex products based on medicinal plants, is proposed. Recently, untargeted metabolomic has been successfully applied to assess quality of natural substances, plant extracts, as well as corresponding formulated products, being the complexity a resource but not necessarily a limit. The untargeted metabolomic fingerprinting includes the monitoring of the main constituents, giving weighted relevance to the most abundant ones, but also considering minor components, that might be notable in view of an integrated - often synergistic - effect on the biological system. Two different years of production were investigated. The collected samples were analyzed by Flow Injection ElectroSpray Ionization Mass Spectrometry Analysis (FIA-ESI-MS) and a suitable data processing procedure was developed to transform the MS spectra into robust fingerprints. Multivariate Statistical Process Control (MSPC) was applied in order to obtain multivariate control charts that were validated to prove the effectiveness of the proposed method.
SPARCS from the University of Victoria: Supporting Sustainable and Integrated Outreach Activities for Educators and Young Minds (2007)

Although IT industry is flourishing, student enrolment in Computer Science and related Engineering post-secondary degree programs is low. The causes and issues surrounding this trend are diverse, inter-related, and vastly complex; a consensus may never be reached regarding the nature of these issues affected by both global and local factors. Is a consensus regarding underlying causes and best practices required to create and sustain an infrastructure for effective outreach? Perhaps not. In this article, we discuss five key supportive mechanisms that are critical to sustained and integrated outreach initiatives at the grassroots level. We discuss these mechanisms using the example of SPARCS (Solving Problems with Algorithms, Robots, and Computers), an initiative at the University of Victoria, British Columbia (BC), Canada. We further consider the tradeoffs associated with a vertical/centralized infrastructure versus a horizontal/distributed infrastructure.
Effects of Reuse and Bleach/Formaldehyde Reprocessing on Polysulfone and Polyamide Hemodialyzers (2002)

The surface features, morphology, and blood interactions of fibers from pristine, bleach/formaldehyde reprocessed, and reused Fresenius Polysulfone High Flux (Hemoflow F80B) hemodialyzers and Gambro Polyflux 21S Polyamide hemodialyzers have been studied. SEM images of fibers from both hemodialyzer types revealed a dense skin layer on the inner surface and a relatively thick porous layer on the outer surface. The 21S polyamide support layer consisted of interconnected highly porous structures. Environmental scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy images of both membrane types showed alterations in morphology due to reprocessing and reuse; however the changes were more marked for the 21S polyamide dialyzers. Fluorescence microscopy images showed only minimal fluorescence associated with the fibers after patient use and reprocessing, suggesting that blood derived deposits were removed by processing. The protein layers formed on pristine and reused hemodialyzer membranes during clinical use were studied using SDS-PAGE and immunoblotting. Before bleach/formaldehyde treatment, protein layers of considerable amount and complexity were found on the blood side of singly and multiply used dialyzers. Proteins adsorbed on the dialysate side were predominantly in the molecular mass region below 30 kDa. However, some higher molecular mass proteins were detected on the dialysate side of the 21 S polyamide dialyzers. Very little protein was detected on dialyzers that were treated with bleach/formaldehyde after dialysis, regardless of whether they had been used/reprocessed once or 12 times.