gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Amorphous Silicon Thin-Film Transistors Gated Through an Electrolyte Solution (2008)

Amorphous silicon thin-film transistors were fabricated on glass substrates in a top-gate configuration in which the metallic gate was replaced by an electrolytic solution with an immersed gate bias electrode. A silicon nitride passivation layer was used to avoid leakage and electrochemical reactions. Transfer and output curves showed transistor behavior. The threshold voltage of ion-sensitive thin-film transistors is controlled by the distribution of charges in solution and molecular dipoles within the ~1-nm-thick Debye layer at the dielectric-electrolyte interface. The device surface facing the electrolyte was chemically functionalized with a single monolayer of organic molecules, and a gate voltage shift of the order of 100 mV was measured in phosphate buffer upon surface modification.
Extensive Plasmid Library to Prepare Tau Protein Variants and Study Their Functional Biochemistry (2020)

Tau neurofibrillary tangles are key pathological features of Alzheimer's disease and other tauopathies. Recombinant protein technology is vital for studying the structure and function of tau in physiology and aggregation in pathophysiology. However, open-source and well-characterized plasmids for efficiently expressing and purifying different tau variants are lacking. We generated 44 sequence-verified plasmids including those encoding full length (FL) tau-441, its four-repeat microtubule-binding (K18) fragment, and their respective selected familial pathological variants (N279K, V337M, P301L, C291R, and S356T). Moreover, plasmids for expressing single (C291A), double (C291A/C322A), and triple (C291A/C322A/I260C) cysteine-modified variants were generated to study alterations in cysteine content and locations. Furthermore, protocols for producing representative tau forms were developed. We produced and characterized the aggregation behavior of the triple cysteine-modified tau-K18, often used in real-time cell internalization and aggregation studies because it can be fluorescently labeled on a cysteine outside the microtubule-binding core. Similar to the wild type (WT), triple cysteine-modified tau-K18 aggregated by progressive β-sheet enrichment, albeit at a slower rate. On prolonged incubation, cysteine-modified K18 formed paired helical filaments similar to those in Alzheimer's disease, sharing morphological phenotypes with WT tau-K18 filaments. Nonetheless, cysteine-modified tau-K18 filaments were significantly shorter (<i>p</i> = 0.002) and mostly wider than WT filaments, explainable by their different principal filament elongation pathways: vertical (end-to-end) and lateral growth for WT and cysteine-modified, respectively. Cysteine rearrangement may therefore induce filament polymorphism. Together, the plasmid library, the protein production methods, and the new insights into cysteine-dependent aggregation should facilitate further studies and the design of antiaggregation agents.
Tying Knots in a Quantum Fluid (2017)

Knots are familiar entities that appear at a captivating nexus of art, technology, mathematics, and science. They have recently attracted significant experimental interest, in contexts ranging from knotted DNA [1] and nanostructures [2] to nontrivial vortex knots in classical fluids [3]. Within classical field theories [4], knots have been proposed as the basis of fundamental particles, as well as explaining diverse persistent phenomena such as atoms and molecules [5].
A method of determining the emission and susceptibility levels of electrically small objects using a TEM Cell (1981)

Normalized transverse electric field distribution inside TEM cell 7.
Countering Sensor Drift in X-ray Microscopy with Fast and Robust Optimal Control (2018)

In X-ray microscopy it is imperative that the relative position between the optics stage, that carries the X-ray focusing optics, and the sample stage follow a certain trajectory while either the optics or sample stage is being scanned. Main challenges in achieving this requirement include - open loop drift, environmental disturbance, measurement noise, sensor drift, and control hardware limit. The state-of-the-art in X-ray microscopy at Advanced Photon Source (APS) at Argonne National Laboratory (ANL) features an H <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">∞</sub> control architecture applied to only the optics stage or both the optics and sample stage, achieving the objectives of large tracking bandwidth over 200 Hz, good positioning resolution on the order of nanometers, rejection of environmental disturbance, attenuation of measurement noise, good X-ray diffraction image resolution and increased imaging bandwidth. However, an unaddressed issue in our existing robust control design is that the sensors and the fixtures that hold the sensors drift with time due to changing air temperature in the APS beamline. Since the drift of sensor itself is not measured, it affects the relative position between the focusing optics and sample resulting into imaging artifacts and reduced image resolution. In this article, we demonstrate the rejection of the sensor drift by directly measuring the displacement of the sensor with respect to the global reference frame. Both the measured sensor displacement (i.e. sensor drift) and optics stage displacement are incorporated in the H∞ control architecture to achieve the above mentioned objectives in addition to minimal relative displacement between the optics stage and the sample stage. This will improve the X-ray image resolution and reduce image artifacts.
Accurate Synthetic FLAIR Images Using Partial Volume Corrected MR Fingerprinting (2016)

Synthetic weighted images from quantitative parameter maps suffer from partial volume artifacts which can distort contrast. In this work, Partial Volume MR Fingerprinting is applied to estimate and remove signal due to cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in the brain, allowing for improved contrast in synthetic FLAIR images generated from MRF relaxation time maps.
Computationally Guided Discovery of the Sulfide Li3AlS3 in the Li–Al–S Phase Field: Structure and Lithium Conductivity (2019)

With the goal of finding new lithium solid electrolytes by a combined computational-experimental method, the exploration of the Li-Al-O-S phase field resulted in the discovery of a new sulfide Li<sub>3</sub>AlS<sub>3</sub>. The structure of the new phase was determined through an approach combining synchrotron X-ray and neutron diffraction with <sup>6</sup>Li and <sup>27</sup>Al magic-angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and revealed to be a highly ordered cationic polyhedral network within a sulfide anion <i>hcp</i>-type sublattice. The originality of the structure relies on the presence of Al<sub>2</sub>S<sub>6</sub> repeating dimer units consisting of two edge-shared Al tetrahedra. We find that, in this structure type consisting of alternating tetrahedral layers with Li-only polyhedra layers, the formation of these dimers is constrained by the Al/S ratio of 1/3. Moreover, by comparing this structure to similar phases such as Li<sub>5</sub>AlS<sub>4</sub> and Li<sub>4.4</sub>Al<sub>0.2</sub>Ge<sub>0.3</sub>S<sub>4</sub> ((Al + Ge)/S = 1/4), we discovered that the AlS<sub>4</sub> dimers not only influence atomic displacements and Li polyhedral distortions but also determine the overall Li polyhedral arrangement within the <i>hcp</i> lattice, leading to the presence of highly ordered vacancies in both the tetrahedral and Li-only layer. AC impedance measurements revealed a low lithium mobility, which is strongly impacted by the presence of ordered vacancies. Finally, a composition-structure-property relationship understanding was developed to explain the extent of lithium mobility in this structure type.
Cavity Effects on the Enantioselectivity of Chiral Amido[4]resorcinarene Stereoisomers (2004)

The dramatic effects of the size and hydrophilic/hydrophobic properties of cavities on the intrinsic reaction kinetics and dynamics is shown by the gas-phase reaction of (R)-(−)-2-butylamine and complexes of stereoisomeric amido[4]resorcinarene hosts with aromatic amino acids. The graph shows the kinetic plots of the base-induced loss of L-Phe (green), L-Tyr (red), and L-dopa (blue).
Actinomyces in Pregnancy: A Review of the Literature (2017)

After completing this activity, the learner should be better able to identify the areas of the body where <i>Actinomyces</i> infections occur and how the infections typically occur, identify the pathophysiologic changes that occur during pregnancy that might lead to an <i>Actinomyces</i> infection and how that infection may affect pregnancy outcomes, and describe the treatment for mild and severe <i>Actinomyces</i> infections.
Effects of Load Sequence and Block Loading on the Fatigue Response of Fiber-Reinforced Composites (2002)

Abstract The vast majority of fatigue loading experiments are constant-amplitude tests, although this type of fatigue loading is hardly present in real in-service fatigue loading conditions. However, due to the expensive and time-consuming nature of variable-amplitude experiments, their effect is often assessed by performing block loading experiments with various low-high and high-low sequences. In this article, the effects of load sequence and block loading on the fatigue damage development in fiber-reinforced polymer composites is investigated. First it is shown that the opinions in the open literature on the damaging effect of low-high and high-low load sequences are divided. Next the effect of block loading on the bending fatigue behavior of composites is experimentally tested and numerically simulated with a newly developed fatigue damage model. Finally, numerical simulations show that the transitions from low to high stress levels are the most damaging, and that the number of transitions and their relative importance in particular determine which block loading sequence (low-high or high-low) is the most devastating.
18F-DCFBC PET/CT for PSMA-Based Detection and Characterization of Primary Prostate Cancer (2015)

Although the sensitivity of (18)F-DCFBC for primary prostate cancer was less than MR imaging, (18)F-DCFBC PET was able to detect the more clinically significant high-grade and larger-volume tumors (Gleason score 8 and 9) with higher specificity than MR imaging. In particular, there was relatively low (18)F-DCFBC PET uptake in benign prostatic hypertrophy lesions, compared with cancer in the prostate, which may allow for more specific detection of primary prostate cancer by (18)F-DCFBC PET. This study demonstrates the utility of PSMA-based PET, which may be used in conjunction with MR imaging to identify clinically significant prostate cancer.
On the scalability of interdomain path computations (2014)

Recent research has considered various architectural approaches in which route determination occurs separately from forwarding. Such offers many advantages, but also brings a number of challenges, not least of which is scalability. In this paper we consider the problem of computing domain-level end-to-end routes in the Internet. We describe a system architecture and a prototype route computation service that provides performance information along with paths. The results of our experiments, which involve updating billions of routes and serving thousands of requests per second, suggest that the resource requirements for a single-domain end-to-end path service (i.e., a service that provides paths from one access domain to all others) are fairly modest.
Two distinct truncated apolipoprotein B species in a kindred with hypobetalipoproteinemia. (1989)

Two novel, distinct truncated forms of apolipoprotein B (apo B) designated as apo B-90 and apo B-40 were found in five members of a kindred with hypobetalipoproteinemia. Sodium dodecyl sulfate gels and immunoblots of plasma or low density lipoprotein (LDL) (d = 1.019 to 1.063 g/ml) of the affected members demonstrated the presence of one or both of the truncated apo B bands. Employing four monoclonal anti-LDL antibodies with defined regional specificities, we demonstrated that amino terminal epitopes of the truncated apo Bs were intact, but that 10% and 60%, respectively, of the carboxyl terminal regions were absent. Thrombin digestion of apo B-90 generated an abnormally small T2 fragment, confirming that approximately 550 amino acids had been deleted from the carboxyl terminus of apo B-100. Restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis and variable number of tandem repeat typing of the 3' flanking hypervariable region of the apo B gene made it possible to distinguish all four parental alleles and therefore to follow the inheritance of the apo B variants through the family. This pedigree analysis confirmed the inheritance of the apo B-90 and apo B-40 identified by monoclonal antibody binding studies. Siblings heterozygous for apo B-90 or apo B-40 exhibited greater than 65% lower concentrations of apo B-90 or apo B-40 relative to apo B-100 and had 5th percentile LDL cholesterol concentrations. Compound heterozygotes (apo B-90/apo B-40) had the lowest LDL levels, and their LDL particles were small in size.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
A Comparison of the Reactions of Mesityl Cyclopropyl Ketone and Mesityl Propenyl Ketone (1948)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA Comparison of the Reactions of Mesityl Cyclopropyl Ketone and Mesityl Propenyl KetoneReynold C. Fuson and F. Neil BaumgartnerCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1948, 70, 10, 3255–3257Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1948Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1948https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01190a015https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01190a015research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views121Altmetric-Citations4LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
ARIB Evaluation Tests of Advanced Digital Satellite Broadcasting System (2009)

Three channels, which will cease to be used for analog satellite broadcasting in July 2011 and 4 channels of the BS-17 19, 21, and 23ch, which were assigned to Japan at the WRC-2000, will be used for new digital broadcasting services after 2011. In these channels, a new broadcasting system called "Advanced Digital Satellite Broadcasting System" will be available as well as the current ISDB-S one. The new system can increase transmission bit rate by 30%compared with the current ISDB-S system by using LDPC codes and a roll-off factor of 0.1. The Association of Radio Industries and Businesses (ARIB) conducted evaluation tests to acquire its C/N-BER and synchronous performance as well as confirm how well the TMCC signal functions. Demonstrative tests to transmit Super Hi-Vision were also performed. The tests were done using a satellite simulator and a real satellite transponder. The tests showed that the system performed very well, and the details are reported here.
Molecular Weight Change of Polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) Caused by the PhaC Subunit of PHA Synthase from Bacillus cereus YB-4 in Recombinant Escherichia coli (2011)

Polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA)-producing Bacillus strains possess class IV PHA synthases composed of two subunit types, namely, PhaR and PhaC. In the present study, PHA synthases from Bacillus megaterium NBRC15308(T) (PhaRC(Bm)), B. cereus YB-4 (PhaRC(YB4)), and hybrids (PhaR(Bm)C(YB4) and PhaR(YB4)C(Bm)) were expressed in Escherichia coli JM109 to characterize the molecular weight of the synthesized poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) [P(3HB)]. PhaRC(Bm) synthesized P(3HB) with a relatively high molecular weight (M(n) = 890 × 10(3)) during 72 h of cultivation, whereas PhaRC(YB4) synthesized low-molecular-weight P(3HB) (M(n) = 20 × 10(3)). The molecular weight of P(3HB) synthesized by PhaRC(YB4) decreased with increasing culture time and temperature. This time-dependent behavior was observed for hybrid synthase PhaR(Bm)C(YB4), but not for PhaR(YB4)C(Bm). These results suggest that the molecular weight change is caused by the PhaC(YB4) subunit. The homology between PhaCs from B. megaterium and B. cereus YB-4 is 71% (amino acid identity); however, PhaC(YB4) was found to have a previously unknown effect on the molecular weight of the P(3HB) synthesized in E. coli.
ChemInform Abstract: STUDIES ON REACTIVITY OF DEOXYNUCLEOSIDES WITH CIS‐PT(NH3)2CL2 AND THE RELATED COMPLEXES BY HIGH PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY (1980)

Abstract Die Titeluntersuchung zeigt für die Platinkomplexe cis‐Pt(NH3)2C12, trans‐Pt(NH3 )2C12 und [Pt(NH3)3 C1]Cl die Reakti‐ 1A! vitätsreihe Deoxyguanosin Deoxyadenosin Deoxycytidin Thymidin.
Data collection test-bed for the evaluation of range imaging sensors for ANSI/ITSDF B56.5 safety standard for guided industrial vehicles (2009)

In this paper, we describe the process by which we collected sensor data for the evaluation of 3D LIDAR (Light Detection and Ranging). Data were also collected simultaneously from SONAR (Sound Navigation and Ranging) sensors, navigation systems, 2D Laser Measurement Sensor (LMS) and a color camera. We describe software developed to perform data collection and allow for evaluation of the data both offline and in real-time during the data collection and briefly cover the experiments themselves where various obstacles were placed in front of a moving vehicle and results were recorded as to whether the obstacle was detected or not.
Supplementary Table 2 from Liver- and Microbiome-derived Bile Acids Accumulate in Human Breast Tumors and Inhibit Growth and Improve Patient Survival (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Differently expressed genes between GCDC-high vs. GCDC-low breast tumors&lt;/p&gt;
Stomach as a source of colonization of the respiratory tract during mechanical ventilation: association with ventilator-associated pneumonia (1996)

The aetiopathogenesis of ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) requires abnormal oropharyngeal and gastric colonization and the further aspiration of their contents to the lower airways. VAP develops easily if aspiration or inoculation of microorganisms occur in patients with artificial airways, in whom mechanical, cellular and/or humoral defences are altered. Well-known risk factors for gastric colonization include: alterations in gastric juice secretion; alkalinization of gastric contents; administration of enteral nutrition; and the presence of bilirubin. However, the role of the colonized gastric reservoir in the development of VAP remains debatable. Evidence in favour of the role of the stomach in the development of VAP comes mainly from randomized, controlled trials of selective gut decontamination and stress ulcer prophylaxis in the intensive care unit (ICU), in which reducing the bacterial burden of the stomach decreases the incidence of nosocomial respiratory infections. However, at least three studies of flora have found an absence of stomach origin of pneumonia occurring during mechanical ventilation. Prophylactic measures suggested to prevent VAP in relation to the gastric reservoir include: treatment for stress ulcers with sucralfate; prevention of duodenal reflux with metoclopramide; reduction of gastric burden and bacterial translocation by selective digestive decontamination; acidification of enteral feeding; and jejunal feeding. Gastro-oesophageal reflux can be prevented by using small bore nasogastric tubes and jejunal feeding. The aspiration of gastric contents can be reduced by positioning patients in a semirecumbent position, checking the patency of the tube cuff, and aspiration of subglottic secretions. The role of the stomach as a reservoir for microorganisms causing ventilator-associated pneumonia is still controversial but despite the debate, there is major evidence in the literature in favour of the gastric origin of part of these pulmonary infections.
Preparation and enhanced electro-responsive characteristic of graphene/layered double-hydroxide composite dielectric nanoplates (2014)

Dielectric nanoplates composed of a graphene nanosheet/layered double-hydroxide (GNS/LDH) composite were prepared, which showed an enhanced electro-responsive characteristic compared to pure LDH due to improved dielectric polarization.
Consequences of chronic social stress on behaviour and vasopressin gene expression in the PVN of DBA/2OlaHsd mice—influence of treatment with the CRHR1-antagonist R121919/NBI 30775 (2008)

Accumulating evidence suggests that corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) neurocircuitry modulate the neuroendocrine and behavioural phenotypes in depression and anxiety. Thus, the administration of the selective CRH-receptor 1 (CRHR1)-antagonist R121919/NBI 30775 has proven its ability to act as an anxiolytic in rats. It is still unclear whether vasopressinergic neuronal circuits, which are known to be involved in the regulation of emotionality, are affected by R121919/NBI 30775. Using DBA/2OlaHsd mice, we investigated the effects of chronic social defeat and concomitant treatment with R121919/NBI 30775 on 1) the behavioural profile in the modified hole board test and 2) in-situ hybridization analysis-based expression of arginine vasopressin (AVP) and CRH mRNA in both the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus and supraoptic nucleus. The results suggest that chronic social defeat leads to increased avoidance behaviour and reduction in directed exploration, general exploration, and locomotion. Chronic treatment with the CRHR1-antagonist was effective in reversing the directed exploration to control level. The dissection of the antagonist-treated group into responders and non-responders using the parameter time spent on board revealed further positive effects of R121919/NBI 30775 on avoidance behaviour and locomotion. Behavioural changes were accompanied by alterations in AVP gene expression in the paraventricular nucleus. Taken together, the anxiolytic action of the CRHR1 antagonist was found in a subgroup of animals only, and further studies have to be done to clarify the inter-individual biological differences in response patterns to this compound to optimise its application under clinical conditions.