gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Methodology for Interoperability between Agent Framework and Information Bus Adapter for Ubiquitous Computing Environments (2006)

유비쿼터스 컴퓨팅 환경의 관심과 요구가 고조됨에 따라 다양한 상황에 능동적이고 지능적인 에이전트의 역할이 점차 중요시 되고 있다. 이러한 에이전트는 ACL(Agent Communication Language)을 통신 언어로 사용하여 에이전트간 자율적인 상호 운용성 문제를 해결하기 위해 정보를 교환 한다. 본 논문에서는 소프트웨어 에이전트의 국제표준화 단체인 FIPA(Foundation for Intelligent Physical Agents)의 에이전트 프레임워크와 CORBA 이벤트 서비스 기반으로 자체 개발한 인포메이션 버스 어댑터간의 효율적인 통신을 보장하는 상호 운용성 기법을 제안한다. 비에이전트 플랫폼인 인포메이션 버스 어댑터와 JADE 플랫폼간 통신(메시지 교환)을 보장하기 위한 인터페이스인 EMTI(Efficient Message Transport Interface) 설계 및 구현 방법에 대해 살펴보고, 이기종 플랫폼간 다량의 메시지를 송수신하여 그 안정성과 성능에 대해 평가한다. The role of autonomic and intelligent agents in various environments is getting more important as demand on ubiquitous computing grows. The agents exchange information using the ACL (Agent Communication Language) to autonomously solve the problems. In this paper we propose a way of efficient interoperability technique between the agent framework built based on the international standard FIPA(Foundation for Intelligent Physical Agents) and the CORBA event service-based information bus adapter developed by us. The design and implementation of EMTI (Efficient Message Transport Interface) allowing communication between the information bus adapter which is non-agent platform and JADE platform are presented and its performance is evaluated by letting them exchange a large amount of messages.
Cryptanalytic Progress: Lessons for AES (2000)

The cryptanalytic community is currently evaluating five finalist algorithms for the AES. Within the next year, one or more ciphers will be chosen. In this note, we argue caution in selecting a finalist with a small security margin. Known attacks continuously improve over time, and it is impossible to predict future cryptanalytic advances. If an AES algorithm chosen today is to be encrypting data twenty years from now (that may need to stay secure for another twenty years after that), it needs to be a very conservative algorithm. In this paper, we review cryptanalytic progress against three well-regarded block ciphers and discuss the development of new cryptanalytic tools against these ciphers over time. This review illustrates how cryptanalytic progress erodes a cipher’s security margin. While predicting such progress in the future is clearly not possible, we claim that assuming that no such progress can or will occur is dangerous. Our three examples are DES, IDEA, and RC5. These three ciphers have fundamentally different structures and were designed by entirely different groups. They have been analyzed by many researchers using many different techniques. More to the point, each cipher has led to the development of new cryptanalytic techniques that not only have been applied to that cipher, but also to others.
Changes in circulating and intratumoral T cell clonotypes in sipuleucel-T-treated prostate cancer patients. (2015)

e16008 Background: Sipuleucel-T (sip-T) is an autologous cellular immunotherapy approved by the FDA and EMA for treatment of certain patients with asymptomatic or minimally symptomatic metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer and is generated by culturing autologous peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) with a fusion protein of prostatic acid phosphatase and granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor. We have shown that sip-T induces T cell infiltration into prostate tumor tissue. Methods: We used next-generation sequencing to examine changes in the T cell receptor (TCR) β-chain repertoire from PBMCs and post-treatment radical prostatectomy (RP) tissues from localized prostate cancer subjects (PCS, n = 5) participating in a neoadjuvant sip-T trial (NeoACT; NCT00715104). PBMCs were evaluated in PCS at week (wk) 0 (before sip-T treatment) and during treatment at wks 2 and 4. RP tissues from the same patients were also evaluated. Serial PBMCs from healthy subjects (HS, n = 3) as well as PBMCs and RP tissue from PCS not treated with sip-T (n = 5) were used as comparators. Sequence reads quantitated the absolute TCR frequencies using standardized clonotype determination algorithms. TCR sequence diversity and commonality across blood timepoints and RP tissue were assessed. Results: At baseline, the TCR repertoire in PBMCs from sip-T subjects was more diverse compared with HS PBMCs. With sip-T treatment, the TCR repertoire diversity, as measured by the number of unique TCR sequences, decreased over time (P < 0.001). In contrast, HS TCR diversity remained unchanged over the same time period. Sip-T increased TCR diversity in prostate tissue compared with untreated PCS tissue (P = 0.04). Moreover, T cell clonotypes present in both RP tissue and PBMCs increased after sip-T (wks 2 and 4) compared with baseline (wk 0) PBMCs (P = 0.01). Conclusions: Changes in TCR sequence frequency and diversity demonstrate that sip-T treatment narrows the TCR repertoire in the blood while increasing the TCR diversity in prostate tissue. The increase in common TCR sequences between RP tissue and blood after sip-T treatment supports a treatment-induced T cell migration into the prostate tissue. Clinical trial information: NCT00715104.
Recent accomplishments on cost reductions in O and M for solar thermal electric plants (1995)

SEGS III-VII are 30-MWe net solar electric power plants operating at Kramer Junction in the southern California Mojave desert. The plants are independently owned and are operated by KJC Operating Company (KJC OC). Operation and electricity production has been good since the inception of operation of the plants. Over the last three years, KJC OC has conducted a joint venture cost-shared program with Sandia National Laboratories to explore and develop methods of reducing operation and maintenance (O and M) costs on the SEGS plants. Many of the approaches being evaluated and implemented are applicable to other solar thermal technologies. This paper will review recent accomplishments of the O and M cost reduction program. In addition, the cost reduction program has progressed to the point where it can begin to quantitatively estimate future savings in O and M as a result of program accomplishments.
A 9.6 kb/s speech coder using the Bell laboratories DSP integrated circuit (2005)

A digital speech coder has been designed for real-time operation for a data rate of 9.6 kb/s. The design is based on a combination of two speech compression techniques: Time-Domain Harmonic Scaling (TDHS) and Sub-Band Coding (SBC). It is a highly modularized hardware implementation using five Bell Laboratories Digital Signal Processor (DSP) integrated circuits as the key processing elements. Three DSPs are used in the encoder for pitch detection, TDHS compression and sub-band encoding. Another two DSPs are used in the receiver for sub-band decoding and TDHS expansion.
Moderating Effect of White Matter Integrity on Brain Activation During Dual-Task Walking in Older Adults (2018)

Using multimodal neuroimaging methods, the current study was designed to examine the relationship between white matter microstructural integrity (WMI) and changes in prefrontal cortex (PFC) oxygenated hemoglobin (HbO2) during active walking in older adults. Consistent with neural inefficiency, we hypothesized that worse WMI would be associated with a greater increase in PFC HbO2 from single to dual-task walking in the context of worse or similar gait performance. Fifty-five cognitively healthy older adults (mean age = 74.76 years, 49% women) underwent diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) to derive a whole-brain measure of fractional anisotropy (FA) and functional Near Infrared Spectroscopy (fNIRS), which measured PFC HbO2 during walking tasks. Gait velocity was assessed using an instrumented walkway. A linear mixed effects model revealed that HbO2 levels increased from single to dual-task walking (P < 0.01) given the greater cognitive demands inherent in the latter condition. Moreover, WMI moderated the effect of dual tasking on PFC HbO2 (P < 0.05). Specifically, worse WMI was associated with a larger increase in PFC HbO2 levels from single to dual-task walking in the context of similar gait velocity. Results suggest that compromised WMI may be a mechanism underlying inefficient brain response to cognitive demands of locomotion.
Reduction of telomerase activity in human liver cancer cells by a histone deacetylase inhibitor (2001)

The presence of telomerase has been demonstrated recently in many different malignancies. Several reports documented that in human hepatocellular carcinoma, the level of telomerase activity parallels its differentiation stage. In the present study, the effect of the differentiation-inducing agent sodium butyrate on telomerase activity in four human liver cancer cell lines was investigated using the telomeric repeat amplification protocol. We assayed telomerase activity before and after butyrate treatment and in cell cycle synchronized non-dividing quiescent cells. In addition, telomerase reverse transcriptase levels were measured at the mRNA level. All four cell lines possessed high but not identical levels of telomerase activity. Telomerase activity was significantly reduced by treatment with sodium butyrate as well as trichostatin A in a dose- and time-dependent fashion, paralleling the reduction of cell proliferation. Although methotrexate, hydroxyurea, and colchicine synchronized the cell cycle at G1, S, and G2/M, respectively, and thereby also caused proliferating cells to cease dividing and become quiescent, in this case telomerase activity remained essentially unaltered compared to the control cultures. Moreover, levels of mRNA encoding telomerase reverse transcriptase were not always significantly altered by either sodium butyrate treatment or cell cycle synchronization. These results suggest that sodium butyrate, as a histone deacetylase inhibitor, effectively reduces telomerase activity without affecting transcription levels of the reverse transcriptase component.
Data from Mechanisms of Resistance to EGFR Inhibition Reveal Metabolic Vulnerabilities in Human GBM (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;Amplification of the epidermal growth factor receptor gene (&lt;i&gt;EGFR&lt;/i&gt;) represents one of the most commonly observed genetic lesions in glioblastoma (GBM); however, therapies targeting this signaling pathway have failed clinically. Here, using human tumors, primary patient-derived xenografts (PDX), and a murine model for GBM, we demonstrate that EGFR inhibition leads to increased invasion of tumor cells. Further, EGFR inhibitor–treated GBM demonstrates altered oxidative stress, with increased lipid peroxidation, and generation of toxic lipid peroxidation products. A tumor cell subpopulation with elevated aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) levels was determined to comprise a significant proportion of the invasive cells observed in EGFR inhibitor–treated GBM. Our analysis of the ALDH1A1 protein in newly diagnosed GBM revealed detectable ALDH1A1 expression in 69% (35/51) of the cases, but in relatively low percentages of tumor cells. Analysis of paired human GBM before and after EGFR inhibitor therapy showed an increase in ALDH1A1 expression in EGFR-amplified tumors (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.05, &lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; = 13 tumor pairs), and in murine GBM ALDH1A1-high clones were more resistant to EGFR inhibition than ALDH1A1-low clones. Our data identify ALDH levels as a biomarker of GBM cells with high invasive potential, altered oxidative stress, and resistance to EGFR inhibition, and reveal a therapeutic target whose inhibition should limit GBM invasion.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Low-cost application image distribution on worldwide cloud front server (2011)

Cloud computing opens a new area of supplement, consumption, and delivery framework for IT services. Customers could be able to order Virtual Applications through the cloud. To reduce the latency time, the cloud service providers implement some strategies (e.g., cloudfront service) to speed up the applications delivery. However, these strategies do not consider the profit of application providers. In this paper we address the problem which is to maximize the profit of application providers based on the Original-Front server network model. We studied two different scenarios and proposed two efficient heuristic algorithms. Our simulation results show that our heuristic algorithms can increase the profit of application providers significantly.
Ultra-smooth silicon nitride waveguides based on the Damascene reflow process: fabrication and loss origins (2018)

On-chip optical waveguides with low propagation losses and precisely engineered group velocity dispersion (GVD) are important to nonlinear photonic devices such as soliton microcombs. Yet, despite intensive research efforts, nonlinear integrated photonic platforms still feature propagation losses orders of magnitude higher than in standard optical fiber. The tight confinement and high index contrast of integrated waveguides make them highly susceptible to fabrication induced surface roughness. Therefore, microresonators with ultra-high Q factors are, to date, only attainable in polished bulk crystalline, or chemically etched silica based devices, that pose however challenges for full photonic integration. Here, we demonstrate the fabrication of silicon nitride ($\mathrm{Si_3N_4}$) waveguides with unprecedentedly smooth sidewalls and tight confinement with record low propagation losses. This is achieved by combining the photonic Damascene process with a novel reflow process, which reduces etching roughness, while sufficiently preserving dimensional accuracy. This leads to previously unattainable \emph{mean} microresonator Q factors larger than $5\times10^6$ for tightly confining waveguides with anomalous dispersion. Via systematic process step variation and two independent characterization techniques we differentiate the scattering and absorption loss contributions, and reveal metal impurity related absorption to be an important loss origin. Although such impurities are known to limit optical fibers, this is the first time they are identified, and play a tangible role, in absorption of integrated microresonators. Taken together, our work provides new insights in the origins of propagation losses in $\mathrm{Si_3N_4}$ waveguides and provides the technological basis for integrated nonlinear photonics in the ultra-high Q regime.
How children search the internet with keyword interfaces (2009)

Children are among the most frequent users of the Internet, yet searching and browsing the web can present many challenges. Studies over the past two decades on how children search were conducted with finite and pre-determined content found in CD-ROM applications, online digital libraries, and web directories. However, with the current popularity of the open Internet and keyword-based interfaces for searching it, more critical analysis of the challenges children face today is needed. This paper presents the findings of our initial study to understand how children ages 7, 9, and 11 search the Internet using keyword interfaces in the home. Our research has revealed that although today's children have been exposed to computers for most of their lives, spelling, typing, query formulation, and deciphering results are all still potential barriers to finding the information they need.
Graph-Based Computing Resource Allocation for Mobile Blockchain (2018)

Since it first appears in 2008 as the underlying technology of the Bitcoin payment system, Blockchain has gained further interests, since it offers a distributed peer-to-peer ledger where non-trusting members can interact with each other, in addition, members can now run applications without the need for a central authority with the same level of certainty. however blockchain suffers from certain limitations and challenges, specifically, when combined with Internet of things (iot) infrastructure, namely the high cost needed in the mining process due to restricted computation resources of iot devices, in this paper we will focus on a survey on three of most relevant papers that discuss resources management in mobile blockchain then we we will propose a matching model based on graph theory for optimal resources allocation between services offered by an Edge service provider and demands from miners of a blockchain network.
Temperature-dependent enumeration and characterization of anaerobic, thermophilic xylan-degrading bacteria present in two Icelandic hot springs (1993)

Anaerobic thermophilic xylan-degrading bacteria present in unenriched and enriched 70°C samples from two Icelandic hot springs were enumerated at 68, 78, 90 and 99°C by the use of the Most-Probable-Number method. Xylan was used as substrate. From the samples taken at 70°C and incubated at the temperatures previously described no growth was observed above 78°C. A total of ten strains were isolated and characterized from the positive MPN enrichment cultures from the MPN experiments. A higher number of different strains could be isolated in the enriched samples compared with the unenriched, control samples from the same hot spring. Introduction of xylan, i.e., in situ enrichment, into one of the hot springs changed the bacterial population, as none of the bacteria isolated from the unenriched samples were isolated from the enriched samples. All the isolated bacteria were asporogenous, non-motile and gram-negative rods. One long thin rod had morphological similarities to members of the genus Dictyoglomus and was found in both hot spring samples.
Concluding Remarks (2017)

In the 1890s, a surgeon working at what today is known as the Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center in New York had the momentous insight that the regression of a relapsing sarcoma observed in a patient undergoing erysipelas, as a complication of surgery, could have been a case of tumor rejection triggered by the body defenses that had been activated against the infection. W. Coley, as was his name, decided to test the validity of this idea by inoculating laboratory-grown bacteria, the state of the art in microbiology in those days, directly into the tumors and, to his amazement, observed complete tumor responses in some of the treated patients. These results ignited a new field of research known as tumor immunology. It took 120 years for this branch of immunology to, together with cancer biology and clinical oncology, fully come of age. The scientific and oncology communities have driven a renaissance of the field in the last 10 years. The major successes of immune checkpoint blockade during the last 5 years have reignited the field in a major way. To date, immunotherapy is becoming the fourth pillar of cancer treatment joining surgery and chemo- and radiotherapy. Monoclonal antibodies blocking the PD-1/PD-L1 axis have emerged as the backbone of immunotherapy in various tumor types including melanoma, lung, renal, bladder, and Hodgkin’s lymphoma.
Cobalt plaque versus enucleation for uveal melanoma: comparison of survival rates. (1988)

Two hundred and twenty-three patients treated by cobalt plaque for uveal melanoma were compared with 416 patients treated by enucleation for uveal melanoma in terms of patient survival. The median follow-up time for the patients treated by cobalt plaque was 4.3 years. Kaplan-Meier survival curves were calculated up to five years following treatment based on time to tumour-related deaths. Cox's proportional hazards multivariate analysis was performed to determine which variables were related to melanoma-related deaths while controlling for age, size, and location of the tumours. Statistically significant predictive factors were location of tumour and largest tumour dimension. There was not a statistically significant difference in survival between patients treated by cobalt plaque and those treated by enucleation.
Invariants as a unified knowledge model for Cyber-Physical Systems (2011)

Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) consist of distributed computation interconnected by computer networks that monitor and control switched physical entities interconnected by physical infrastructures. Finding a common semantic among these diverse components that facilitates system synthesis, verification, and monitoring is a significant challenge of a CPS research program. In the emerging smart grid, for example, system state provides input into distributed computer algorithms that manage power and energy via local computation with messaging passing over a computer network collectively resulting in control signals to advanced power electronics. Computational correctness, network timing, and frequency response are all system aspects that conspire to impede design, verification, and monitoring. This paper seeks to unify the knowledge present in these diverse aspects through developing common semantics that span each aspect of a CPS. Specifically, a “smart grid” type system is considered. Power commands to various loads and alternative energy sources are stepped in response to cyber controllers that are networked. This paper shows the development of a physical invariant, based on the theory of Lyapunov-like functions, and a cyber invariant, the governs the correctness of a power dispatch algorithm, and couples the two to develop an overall system stability invariant. The invariant approach is tested with two scenarios. In the first case, the system is subjected to two commanded pulses beyond the stable limit, with the second perturbing pulse being of a magnitude greater than the first, which makes the system unstable. In the second case, the system is subjected to two commanded pulses beyond its stable limit but with a comparatively smaller magnitude of the perturbing second pulse, which allowed the system to remain stable. The measure of stability is an energy function which, under certain conditions, serves as a Lyapunov-like invariant that is used to prove stability.
We're more than numbers (2001)

Nurses on the wards would feel much happier if their hard work was properly remunerated.
Spintronics (2005)

Thin ferromagnetic films can be lithographically patterned and incorporated into magnetoelectronic devices that have applications in digital electronics. Their bistable magnetization states are adaptive to application as memory cells in nonvolatile, magnetic random access memories (MRAM). Prototype MRAM chips are characterized by rapid, low energy switching and excellent durability. This novel approach to integrated memory is expected to have immediate impact in the niche market of high performance, embedded memory. Research in the field is confronting several issues associated with the reproducibility of device behavior and scaling device structures to the nanometer dimensions of competing silicon devices. If successful solutions are found, the technology could challenge large segments of the semiconductor memory market. Another research effort is aimed at the development of a spintronic device with power gain. Such a device would enable new kinds of logic architectures, as well as novel on-chip combinations of memory and logic. Our studies investigate the dynamics of high-speed magnetization switching processes. We are also studying charge and spin transport in high mobility semiconductor heterostructures, with the ultimate goal of creating a spin-injected field effect transistor.
A Neural Mechanism for Working and Recognition Memory in Inferior Temporal Cortex (1991)

Inferior temporal (IT) cortex is critical for visual memory, but it is not known how IT neurons retain memories while new information is streaming into the visual system. Single neurons were therefore recorded from IT cortex of two rhesus monkeys performing tasks that required them to hold items in memory while concurrently viewing other items. The neuronal response to an incoming visual stimulus was attenuated if it matched a stimulus actively held in working memory, even when several other stimuli intervened. The neuronal response to novel stimuli declined as the stimuli became familiar to the animal. IT neurons appear to function as adaptive mnemonic "filters" that preferentially pass information about new, unexpected, or not recently seen stimuli.