gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Autonomous Tracking of Intermittent RF Source Using a UAV Swarm (2018)

The localization of a radio-frequency transmitter with intermittent transmissions is considered via a group of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) equipped with omnidirectional received signal strength sensors. This group embarks on an autonomous patrol to localize and track the target with a specified accuracy, as quickly as possible. The challenge can be decomposed into two stages: 1) estimation of the target position given previous measurements (localization) and 2) planning the future trajectory of the tracking UAVs to get lower expected localization error given current estimation (path planning). For each stage, we compare two algorithms in terms of performance and computational load. For the localization stage, we compare a detection-based extended Kalman filter (EKF) and a recursive Bayesian estimator. For the path planning stage, we compare a steepest descent posterior Cramer–Rao lower bound path planning and a bioinspired heuristic path planning. Our results show that the steepest descent path planning outperforms the bioinspired path planning by an order of magnitude, and recursive Bayesian estimator narrowly outperforms detection-based EKF.
Buffer requirement analysis and reference picture marking for temporal scalable video coding (2007)

Temporal scalable video coding is a useful feature supported in all existing video coding standards. Though coding efficiency is still the predominant performance metric, buffer requirement is another important factor for assessment of temporal scalable video coding methods. This paper presents analyses of minimum buffer requirement for temporal scalable coding based on the most typical temporal scalable video coding structure, i.e., the so-called hierarchical B picture coding structure. Minimum buffer sizes required for decoding of both the full bitstreams and thinned bitstreams are derived. After that, some reference picture management methods are proposed in order to enable both minimum buffer consumption and maximum coding efficiency. Comparative experiment results showing how different reference picture marking methods affect coding efficiency are also provided.
Association between Lung Fluid Levels Estimated by Remote Dielectric Sensing Values and Invasive Hemodynamic Measurements (2022)

Background: Remote dielectric sensing (ReDS™) is an electromagnetic-based technology used to noninvasively measure lung fluid levels. The association between ReDS values and invasively measured hemodynamics, particularly among those with small physics, remains unknown. Methods: Consecutive patients with chronic heart failure who were admitted to our institute and underwent invasive right heart catheterization as well as simultaneous ReDS measurement at clinically stable conditions between September and November 2021 were prospectively included. The colinearity between ReDS values and pulmonary capillary wedge pressure was studied. Results: In total, 30 patients (median 79 (73, 84) years old, 13 men) were included. Median ReDS value was 26% (22%, 28%). ReDS values had a moderate collinearity with pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (r = 0.698, p < 0.001), even among those with a body height < 155 cm. ReDS values with a cutoff of 28% predicted a pulmonary capillary wedge pressure > 15 mmHg with sensitivity 0.70 and specificity 0.75. Conclusions: An electromagnetic-based engineering ReDS might be a potential tool to estimate cardiac pressure in patients with heart failure, including those with small physics.
Four-channel wavelength demultiplexing multiple quantum well photodetectors for 850 nm optical local area networks (1998)

The use of fiber optic communication is becoming widespread in high-speed local area networks.
ChemInform Abstract: A New Synthesis of (S)‐β‐Methyl‐γ‐butyrolactone and (S)‐4‐ Benzyloxy‐3‐methylbutanoic Acid. (1992)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Strong effects from galactoglucomannan hemicellulose on mechanical behavior of wet cellulose nanofiber gels (2015)

Strong effects from galactoglucomannan hemicellulose on mechanical behavior of wet cellulose nanofiber gels
Initial In Vivo Evaluation of a Novel Amikacin-Deoxycholate Hydrophobic Salt Delivers New Insights on Amikacin Partition in Blood and Tissues (2021)

In this study, an initial in vivo evaluation of a new amikacin-deoxycholate hydrophobic salt aimed at potentiating amikacin action against hard-to-treat lung infections was undertaken by quantifying, for the first time, amikacin in whole blood. Pharmacokinetic evaluation after intranasal administration in a murine model showed higher drug retention in the lungs compared to blood, with no significant differences between the salt and the free drug. Upon repeated administrations, the two treatments resulted in nonsignificant tissue damage and mild higher inflammation for the hydrophobic salt. Whole-blood analysis highlighted an unreported high partition of amikacin in blood components up to 48 h, while significant lung levels were measured up to 72 h. Such a new observation was considered responsible for the nearly overlapping pharmacokinetic profiles of the two treatments. To overcome such an issue, a dry powder in an inhalable form may be best suited. Moreover, if confirmed in humans, and considering the current once-a-day regimen for amikacin aerosols, important yet-to-be-explored clinical implications may be postulated for such amikacin persistence in the organism.
Polycation-Tethered Micelles as Immobilized Detergents for NAPL Remediation (2013)

Applications of permeable reactive barriers to filter contaminants out of groundwater have not taken advantage of surfactant micelles to remove organic contaminants. Such barriers need to have low cost, high capacity, good flow properties and recyclability, requirements not met by organoclays or micellar ultrafiltration. We describe the use of inexpensive and GRAS (genrally recognized as safe) polycations as noncovalent bridges that tether anionic surfactant micelles to porous media such as silica or sand. The solubilizing power of the micelles is fully retained. One-step coating processes can be used to optimize the silica-polycation-composite for maximum uptake of pollutants such as toluene and dichlorethane. Since the interactions are electrostatic and noncovalent, variables such as pH and salt can be used to also tune release of micelles rich in NAPL’s (nonaqueous phase liquids). We discuss the effects of such parameters and describe the role of the surface charge and porosity of siliceous substrates. The temperature-sensitivity of micelle-polycation systems suggest additional ways to tune uptake and release.
Selective complexation of uranium(iii) over cerium(iii) by 2,6-bis(5,6-dialkyl-1,2,4-triazin-3-yl)pyridines: 1H NMR and X-ray crystallography studies (2001)

Addition of 2,6-bis(5,6-dialkyl-1,2,4-triazin-3-yl)pyridines (btp) to UI3 and CeI3 in anhydrous pyridine gave the 1∶3 complexes [M(btp)3]I3, the terdentate nitrogen ligand being completely selective for UIII over CeIII, as shown by 1H NMR competition experiments; crystal structures of analogous btp complexes of UIII and CeIII revealed that the U–N bond distances are significantly shorter than the corresponding Ce–N distances.
Development of vertical axis rotation mechanism of bed type ultrasonic robot and estimation method of posture of moving organ (2020)

In this research, we developed a mechanism that has vertical axis rotation in the tip of a bed-type ultrasound robot that can follow three-dimensional movement of abdominal organs with higher accuracy, which is impossible with a conventional bed-type ultrasound robot. As a preparation stage for position and orientation tracking, a new method for estimating the organ angle from acquired ultrasound images alone is newly proposed. From the experimental results, an appropriate angle could be estimated from the acquired data. As future work, it is required to perform an experiment to follow the organ in the vertical axis rotation with the developed mechanism and the proposed algorithm.
DEVELOPMENT OF A PEPPER POT EMITTANCE MEASUREMENT DEVICE FOR FRANZ (2014)

Within the FRANZ project on the Institute of Applied Physics, University Frankfurt, a robust and simple pepper pot emittance measurement device for high beam power densities is developed. To use the device directly behind the ion source, a high robustness against HV breakdowns is necessary. This paper gives an overview on experimental setup, on the analysis method and on imaging properties of the screen. Furthermore, the implemented software-based evaluation method is shown. It concludes with a preliminary emittance measurement on the high current ion source for FRANZ.
Numerical and experimental evaluation of the magnetic interaction for frequency up-conversion in piezoelectric vibration energy harvesters (2022)

Abstract The purpose of this work is to improve the modelling process for the application of permanent magnets in a frequency up-conversion (FuC) mechanism for piezoelectric energy harvesters. More specifically, the aim is to avoid the burdensome finite element analyses (FEA) in the framework of electromechanical devices design. The analytical calculations are compared with experimental tests conducted by an ad-hoc set up and with FEA. After investigations on the interaction, an application of FuC mechanism is proposed on a meso-scale case study in which a low frequency seismic mass (LFM) interacts non-linearly, due to magnetic field, with an high frequency piezoelectric vibration energy harvester (PVEH). Numerical simulations have been carried out in the time domain (step-by-step analysis) under a harmonic low-frequency input acceleration signal. The peculiar behavior, due to non-linear dynamics, is investigated in both the repulsive and the attractive configurations of the magnets. The results confirm the effectiveness of magnetic FuC and show that the repulsive case allows the device to recover a larger amount of energy than the attractive configuration.
Preceding Vehicle State Prediction Using V2V Safety Messages (2019)

In this paper, we present a framework to predict the future state of the immediate preceding vehicle of an ego vehicle in response to other lead vehicles on the road. We propose a three-phase method to fuse measurements from onboard sensors with wireless data received from lead vehicle(s) when connectivity penetration rate is low. That is, we estimate the link length between the preceding and lead, add virtual vehicles to the platoon to simulate the motion of unconnected vehicle, and predict the future state of the preceding vehicle up to 5 sec in the future. Using experimental dataset, we show that with only one connected lead vehicle, the error in predicting the velocity and position of the preceding vehicle can be improved by 54.69% and 39.65% while reducing the standard deviation with 54.13% and 39.12%, respectively, compared to the case with no connectivity.
Physical insight into the simultaneous optimization of structure and control (1993)

Recent trends in spacecraft design which yield larger structures with more stringent performance requirements place many flexible modes of the structure within the bandwidth of active controllers. The resulting complications to the spacecraft design make it highly desirable to understand the impact of structural changes on an optimally controlled structure. This work uses low structural models with optimal H(sub 2) and H(sub infinity) controllers to develop some basic insight into this problem. This insight concentrates on several basic approaches to improving controlled performance and how these approaches interact in determining the optimal designs. A numerical example is presented to demonstrate how this insight can be generalized to more complex problems.
Motion vector coding based on predictor selection and boundary-matching estimation (2009)

In most of recent video coding standards based on block-based hybrid coding scheme, especially in the state-of-the-art H.264/AVC standard, motion vector information occupies a considerable portion of the whole compressed bitstream. There-fore, the efficient coding of motion vectors has become an essential objective to further reduce the bitrate. In this paper, we propose a novel motion vector coding method based on predictor selection and estimation. First, the optimal motion vector predictor (MVP) is chosen from a predefined predictor candidate set consisting of both spatial predictors and temporal predictors to minimize the number of bits used for encoding motion vector difference (MVD). Then, in order to avoid sending extra bits for informing the decoder which candidate is selected by the encoder, boundary-matching (BM) estimation is applied at the decoder side to find out the optimal predictor. The basic principle of BM estimation is to preserve the spatial continuity of boundaries between currently reconstructed block and its neighbors. Simulation results show that compared to the original H.264/AVC codec, the proposed scheme improves coding efficiency for various video sequences.
Fast failure localization in all-optical networks with length-constrained monitoring trails (2012)

Monitoring trails (m-trails) have been extensively studied as an alternative to the conventional link-based monitoring approach by using multi-hop supervisory lightpaths in all-optical networks. However, none of the previous studies have investigated the effect of length constraints upon the m-trail formation, which nonetheless correspond to the failure localization time. This paper addresses the above issue and formulates a new m-trail allocation problem, where the relationship between the number of m-trails versus the maximum hop count is explored. First, the paper investigates the theoretical bounds of allocating m-trails with at most k hops via an optimal group testing construction. Secondly, a novel meta-heuristic approach based on bacterial evolutionary algorithm for solving the length-constrained m-trail allocation problem is introduced. Through extensive simulations the performance gap of the proposed algorithm to the lower bound is presented on a wide diversity of topologies.
Reliability aspects of gate oxide under ESD pulse stress (2007)

Power law time-to-breakdown voltage acceleration is investigated down to ultra-thin oxides (1.1 nm) in the ESD regime in inversion and accumulation. Breakdown modes, oxide degradation and device drifts under ESD like stress are discussed as function of the oxide thickness. The consequent impacts on the ESD design window are presented.
Miniature Long-Range Ceramic On-Metal RFID Tag (2022)

Radio frequency identification (RFID) is a widely used wireless technology for contactless data exchange between a passive information carrier (tag) and an active interrogation device (reader). Being sensitive to a surrounding environment, RFID tags are usually designed per application. Here, we demonstrate an RFID tag with three essential functions available simultaneously, namely, small footprint, long reading range, and capability of on-metal labeling. Our design is based on a compact high-index ceramic resonator and an inductively coupled small metal ring functionalized with an RFID chip. The tag operates at magnetic dipolar resonance, which interacts with the metal object subject to labeling. Specifically, a 16.5 mm <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\times16.5$ </tex-math></inline-formula> mm <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\times12$ </tex-math></inline-formula> mm footprint device, placed on a 40 cm <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\times40$ </tex-math></inline-formula> cm metal sheet, was successfully interrogated from 22 m with no violation of international effective isotropic radiated power (EIRP) standards. Currently, it is the smallest on-metal RFID tag with a reading range of over 20 m. Multifunctional miniature long-range ceramic tags are attractive for use in numerous practical applications, including the Internet of Small Things (IoST) and many others.
Base-Mediated Intramolecular Decarboxylative Synthesis of Alkylamines from Alkanoyloxycarbamates (2018)

A general and effective method for the synthesis of alkylamine via intramolecular decarboxylation of alkanoyloxycarbamates is described. The alkanoyloxycarbamates are readily prepared with alkyl carboxylic acids and hydroxylamine. The reaction shows a broad range of substrates (primary and secondary alkyl) with functional tolerance, and the corresponding products were obtained in good yields under mild conditions.
Deep Learning Methods for Improved Decoding of Linear Codes (2018)

The problem of low complexity, close to optimal, channel decoding of linear codes with short to moderate block length is considered. It is shown that deep learning methods can be used to improve a standard belief propagation decoder, despite the large example space. Similar improvements are obtained for the min-sum algorithm. It is also shown that tying the parameters of the decoders across iterations, so as to form a recurrent neural network architecture, can be implemented with comparable results. The advantage is that significantly less parameters are required. We also introduce a recurrent neural decoder architecture based on the method of successive relaxation. Improvements over standard belief propagation are also observed on sparser Tanner graph representations of the codes. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the neural belief propagation decoder can be used to improve the performance, or alternatively reduce the computational complexity, of a close to optimal decoder of short BCH codes.
Magnetic field–driven particle assembly and jamming for bistable memory and response plasticity (2022)

Unlike classic synthetic stimulus-responsive and shape-memory materials, which remain limited to fixed responses, the responses of living systems dynamically adapt based on the repetition, intensity, and history of stimuli. Such plasticity is ubiquitous in biology, which is profoundly linked to memory and learning. Concepts thereof are searched for rudimentary forms of "intelligent materials." Here, we show plasticity of electroconductivity in soft ferromagnetic nickel colloidal supraparticles with spiny surfaces, assembling/disassembling to granular conducting micropillars between two electrodes driven by magnetic field <i>B</i>. Colloidal jamming leads to conduction hysteresis and bistable memory upon increasing and subsequently decreasing <i>B</i>. Abrupt <i>B</i> changes induce larger conduction changes than gradual <i>B</i>-changes. Periodic <i>B</i> pulsing drives to frequency-dependent facilitation or suppression of conductivity compared to exposing the same constant field. The concepts allow remotely controlled switching plasticity, illustrated by a rudimentary device. More generally, we foresee adaptive functional materials inspired by response plasticity and learning.
Inhibition of DNA polymerase η by oxetanocin derivatives (2006)

DNA polymerase eta is recently found as a responsible gene product of xeroderma pigmentosum variant. Differently from other eukaryotic DNA polymerases, such as alpha, beta or gamma, eta polymerase is categorized in Y family. Specific inhibitors for DNA polymerases are useful tools to study the exact role of enzyme in the living cells, however, the inhibitor for DNA polymerase eta has not been developed. We examined the inhibitory effects of several sugar-modified nucleotide analogs on DNA polymerase eta. The arabinonucleotides (araCTP), dideoxynucleotides (ddTTP) and 3'-modified nucleotides (3'-dCTP and 3'-azidothymidine tri-phosphate) did not show any inhibitory effect on DNA polymerase eta. On the other hand, the oxetanocin derivatives those have the oxetane ring as a sugar moiety, OXT-GTP and OXT-ATP, strongly inhibited this polymerase. These results suggest that DNA polymerase eta has a unique recognition mode against the sugar moiety of nucleotide compared with other eukaryotic nucleotide polymerases.
Potential global GHG emissions reduction from increased adoption of metals recycling (2022)

Materials production is a significant contributor to greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, and as consumption of commodities and resources continues to increase, so does the environmental footprint of extraction per unit of material. Primary production of metals has been progressing with steadily declining ore grades, resulting in higher energy requirements for extraction and processing of larger ore volumes bearing lower metal concentrations. Secondary production from recycled material stocks requires less energy than primary production and thereby has a lower GHG footprint. An LCA-based assessment of potential future adoption scenarios (Plausible, Ambitious, Maximum) of secondary production in the total global market for major commodity metals was conducted to identify the GHG emissions reductions possible from increased metal recycling and secondary production. The Plausible and Ambitious future scenarios result in 4.5 to 12 Gt of GHG emissions reduction globally from 2014 to 2050, and a Maximum future scenario results in over 42 Gt of GHG emissions reductions for the same period. The results of the analyses of the Plausible and Ambitious scenarios, though not close to maximizing use of total scrap available, clearly indicate that even small increments of improved metal recovery for secondary production have significant potential for GHG emission reductions. Analysis of material feedstock costs was also performed to assess the cost to producers of switching from virgin feedstocks to recycled materials.
A feasibility study of applying storage-based wind farm as black-start power source in local power grid (2016)

In view of the condition and demand of HulunBuir power grid, it could play an important role in enhancing its restoration speed to find or build new power source applied for black-start. Firstly, a black-start scheme is proposed for it, in which the East Hailar Thermal Power Plant in Hailar district can be started through using the Daliang wind farm configured with high-capacity battery energy storage system. Secondly, the feasibility of the proposed black-start scheme is verified through analyzing the simulation results. Finally, some key technical problems needed to be further solved are proposed based on the study.
Strategy for market expansion: medical services of Traditional Chinese Medicine (2013)

[corrected] TCM medical services entities should be considered as market stopgap in healthcare market and a strategy of market expansion for TCM medical services should be built for them accordingly.
Risks of serious complications and death from smallpox vaccination: A systematic review of the United States experience, 1963–1968 (2003)

The life-threatening complications of post-vaccinial encephalitis and vaccinia necrosum were at least 3 and 1 per million primary vaccinations, respectively. Twenty-nine percent of vaccinees with post-vaccinial encephalitis died and 15% with vaccinia necrosum died. There were no deaths among vaccinees that developed eczema vaccinatum; however, 2.3% of non-vaccinated contacts with eczema vaccinatum died. Among re-vaccinees, the risk of post-vaccinial encephalitis was reduced 26-fold, the risk of generalized vaccinia was reduced 29-fold, and the risk of eczema vaccinatum was reduced 12-fold. However, the risk reductions of accidental infection and vaccinia necrosum were modest (3.8 and 1.5 fold respectively).