gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Immunohistological detection of human cytotoxic/suppressor T cells using antibodies to a CD8 peptide sequence. (1992)

These findings provide further evidence that antibodies against leucocyte associated antigens, capable of reacting on paraffin wax embedded tissue, can be produced by immunisation with synthetic peptide sequences.
Denaturation and renaturation of bacteriorhodopsin in detergents and lipid-detergent mixtures. (1982)

The denatured and renatured states of bacteriorhodopsin have been studied in detergents and lipid/detergent mixtures by using ultraviolet and visible light absorption spectroscopy, fluorescence spectroscopy, and circular dichroism. Upon solubilization in sodium dodecyl sulfate, bacteriorhodopsin undergoes denaturation with partial loss of the secondary structure and loss of retinal binding ability. In contrast, delipidated bacteriorhodopsin retains its native structure in deoxycholate and undergoes denaturation only on photobleaching, which results in a partial loss of the secondary structure. Native secondary structure spontaneously reforms upon addition of phospholipid/cholate mixtures to bacterio-opsin denatured in sodium dodecyl sulfate. Upon subsequent addition of retinal, up to 95% of the native chromophore (lambdamax = 550-560 nm) is restored. Renaturation also restores the characteristics of light and dark adaptation and tight retinal binding (Kb greater than 10(7) M-1). Renaturation of delipidated bacteriorhodopsin denatured in sodium dodecyl sulfate also occurs without phospholipid upon the addition of retinal and Triton X-100 or octyl glucoside. The equilibrium between monomeric and oligomeric states of bacteriorhodopsin has been studied by circular dichroism and fluorescence quenching. Bacteriorhodopsin renatured with Triton X-100 or phospholipid/cholate is monomeric. However, removal of the detergents from renatured protein under specific conditions results in formation of an oligomer in which quaternary interactions are regenerated. The application of fluorescence quenching to the determination of oligomeric size in intrinsic membrane proteins is discussed.
Development and characterization of patient-derived xenografts from non-small cell lung cancer brain metastases (2021)

Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) brain metastasis cell lines and in vivo models are not widely accessible. Herein we report on a direct-from patient-derived xenograft (PDX) model system of NSCLC brain metastases with genomic annotation useful for translational and mechanistic studies. Both heterotopic and orthotopic intracranial xenografts were established and RNA and DNA sequencing was performed on patient and matching tumors. Morphologically, strong retention of cytoarchitectural features was observed between original patient tumors and PDXs. Transcriptome and mutation analysis revealed high correlation between matched patient and PDX samples with more than more than 95% of variants detected being retained in the matched PDXs. PDXs demonstrated response to radiation, response to selumetinib in tumors harboring KRAS G12C mutations and response to savolitinib in a tumor with MET exon 14 skipping mutation. Savolitinib also demonstrated in vivo radiation enhancement in our MET exon 14 mutated PDX. Early passage cell strains showed high consistency between patient and PDX tumors. Together, these data describe a robust human xenograft model system for investigating NSCLC brain metastases. These PDXs and cell lines show strong phenotypic and molecular correlation with the original patient tumors and provide a valuable resource for testing preclinical therapeutics.
New Genetically Manipulated Mice Provide Insights Into the Development and Physiological Functions of Invariant Natural Killer T Cells (2018)

Invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells are a unique T cell subset that exhibits characteristics of both innate immune cells and T cells. They express Vα14-Jα18 (<i>Trav11</i>-<i>Traj18</i>) as an invariant chain of the T cell receptor (TCR) and are restricted to the MHC class I-like monomorphic antigen presenting molecule CD1d. iNKT cells are known as immune regulators that bridge the innate and acquired immune systems by rapid and massive production of a wide range of cytokines, which could enable them to participate in immune responses during various disease states. Thus, <i>Traj18</i>-deficient mice, <i>Cd1d</i>-deficient mice, or iNKT cell-overexpressing mice such as iNKT TCRα transgenic mice and iNKT cell cloned mice which contain a Vα14-Jα18 rearrangement in the TCRα locus are useful experimental models for the analysis of iNKT cells <i>in vivo</i> and <i>in vitro</i>. In this review, we describe the pros and cons of the various available genetically manipulated mice and summarize the insights gained from their study, including the possible roles of iNKT cells in obesity and diabetes.
Implementation of a floating-point matrix-vector multiplication on a reconfigurable architecture (2008)

This paper describes the implementation of a floating-point 4times4 matrix-vector multiplication on a reconfigurable system. The 4times4 matrix-vector multiplication is meant to be used to perform two steps (transformation and perspective projection) of a 3D graphics application. The target system is based on a bus architecture with a general purpose core as master and the reconfigurable array as main accelerator. The system has been prototyped on a FPGA device. The matrix-vector multiplication has been successfully implemented on the reconfigurable block. Compared to the general purpose implementation it is convenient if the number of vectors to process is higher than seven. If hundreds of vectors are processed, the speed-up achievable reaches 3times.
Identification of Epstein-Barr Virus-induced Polypeptides in P3HR-1 Cells by Protein Immunoblot (1985)

The protein immunoblot technique was used to identify Epstein-Barr virus-specific antigens present in sodium butyrate-induced P3HR-1 cells. Using sera from patients with either nasopharyngeal carcinoma or arthritis, 16 polypeptides were detected ranging in molecular weight from 22K to 140K. Each of the anti-EA-, anti-VCA-positive sera were found to contain antibodies to different subsets of the antigens. A 72K protein was identified which was consistent with the nuclear antigen (EBNA), and culturing cells in the presence of disodium phosphonoacetate allowed identification of 140K and 22K antigens as late viral products. Treatment of cells with sodium butyrate revealed that expression of some antigens increased in parallel with the time of incubation of the cells in butyrate while other antigens either appeared early and then decreased in intensity or were only present after a number of days of butyrate treatment. One of the antigens which decreased with the time cells were treated with butyrate was EBNA.
Reducing low-value care in endometriosis between limited evidence and unresolved issues: a proposal (2015)

Quantification of benefits and harms of medical interventions should be based on high-quality evidence, which is not always the case in the endometriosis field. In many clinical circumstances, healthcare decisions in women with endometriosis are taken based on suboptimal evidence or on evidence of coexistence of benefits and harms that must be balanced. In these conditions, it is important to avoid or reduce the use of low-value care, i.e. interventions with defined harms and uncertain benefits, or whose effectiveness is comparable with less expensive alternatives. In particular, we suggest that: (i) non-surgical diagnosis based on symptoms, physical findings and transvaginal ultrasonography is possible in most women with symptomatic endometriosis. Thus, except in doubtful cases, laparoscopy should be intended for surgical treatment, not for diagnostic purposes: early diagnosis and diagnostic laparoscopy are not synonymous; (ii) future trials on new drugs for endometriosis should address those outcomes that are most important to patients, should be designed as superiority trials and should include a progestin or an estrogen-progestin as a comparator. Moreover, limitation of repetitive surgery for recurrent endometriosis is among the objectives of long-term medical treatment; (iii) indications for surgery should be the result of a balance between demonstrated benefits in terms of fertility enhancement and pain relief, specific risks associated with excision of different types of endometriotic lesions, cost-effectiveness and patient preference after detailed information; (iv) physicians, health professionals and policy makers should discriminate between screening for and diagnosis of endometriosis. Limited peritoneal foci, which are frequently observed also in asymptomatic women, regress or remain stable in about two thirds of cases. Therefore, the theoretical premises for a screening campaign are currently unclear; (v) physicians should develop the ability to effectively communicate quantitative information based on international guidelines and systematic literature reviews. This will assist a woman's understanding of the interaction between the evidence and her priorities, facilitating the transition towards value-based medicine.
Effect of Ambient Electrons on Primary Discharge Energy in Laser-Induced Discharge (2017)

We examined the laser-induced discharge (LID) in medium-vacuum air. The time-averaged discharge energy W <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">d</sub> of a primary discharge prior to an arc discharge was affected by the number of initial electrons. The initial electrons were produced by the laser irradiation of electrodes. The number of electrons was proportional to the energy of the laser, L <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">p</sub> . Thus, it was adjusted by changing L <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">p</sub> . Although the experimental conditions were rather limited, i.e., air at 200-Pa pressure, we demonstrated a simple relationship, W <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">d</sub> ∝ V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">s</sub> <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> × L <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">p</sub> <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">s</sup> , where Vs is the applied voltage and s is an exponent determined empirically. Note that the number of initial electrons is a function of L <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">p</sub> . Such a simple relationship for the behavior of LID that incorporates W <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">d</sub> is proposed for the first time in this paper.
Temperature-dependent interface reactions and electrical contact properties of titanium on 6H-SiC (1995)

In this study the system Ti-Si-C was investigated in terms of two aspects, metallurgical and electrical, in order to understand the formation and the properties of Ti electrical contacts on n-type 6H-SiC. For the metallurgical investigation bulk diffusion couples were prepared from monocrystalline 6H-SiC and Ti and annealed between 700 and 1200 degrees C for different lengths of time. The reaction zones were investigated using a SEM (secondary electron and backscattered electron images as well as energy-dispersive X-ray analysis). For the investigation of the electrical properties Ti contacts were sputter-deposited onto 6H-SiC wafer stripes and annealed at similar temperatures. The contact properties were measured in terms of current-voltage characteristics. We discovered that, over the whole temperature range investigated, the reaction layer growth follows a parabolic growth law which is thermally activated. Above 1200 degrees C the diffusion path from SiC to Ti is SiC/Ti3SiC2/Ti5Si3/two-phase Ti5Si3+TiC1-y/Ti5Si3/Ti. The contacts show ohmic behaviour. Between 1000 and 800 degrees C the diffusion path is: SiC/Ti3SiC2/Ti5Si3/two-phase Ti5Si3+TiC1-y/Ti3Si/Ti. The contacts are also ohmic. Below 700 degrees C the diffusion path is SiC/TiC1-y/two-phase Ti5Si3+TiC1-y/Ti3Si/Ti. The contacts are of Schottky type. It is concluded that the phase in contact with the SiC determines the electrical properties of the junction and the possibility of manufacturing a complete Schottky diode using n-type 6H-SiC and Ti only is demonstrated.
A Generalized Torsional Dynamics Formulation for Multi-Mesh Gear Trains With Clearances and Torque Fluctuations (2022)

Abstract Vibro-impacts of gears are common in various automotive geared drivetrains used in engines and transmissions, causing excessive noise issues coined as gear rattle. External torque fluctuations lead to contact loss at gear mesh interfaces of such systems to result in sequences of impacts. Drivetrain architectures used in these applications vary widely, especially in diesel engine timing gear systems, requiring specific models for each drivetrain configuration considered. This makes dynamics evaluations of different design concepts a difficult task. In this paper, a generalized unified formulation will be presented that is capable of deriving equations of motion of any drivetrain system. This generalized formulation allows a systematic and coding-friendly derivation of system matrices for rattle simulation of any multi-mesh system. The proposed methodology will be applied to example 3-axis idler and torque split configurations to demonstrate its effectiveness. A criterion will be devised to establish boundaries between no-impact and impact motions. No-rattle boundaries will be plotted on parameter maps for example 3-axis meshing configurations. A piecewise linear solution technique will be used to solve governing equations to study the coupling of vibro-impacts at gear contact interfaces. Finally, the multi-mesh discrete model of this configuration will be verified through comparisons to its deformable-body counterpart.
SonoKnife: Feasibility of a line‐focused ultrasound device for thermal ablation therapy (2011)

Results support the feasibility of noninvasive thermal ablation with a SonoKnife.
Profiling of sulfoconjugates in urine by using precursor ion and neutral loss scans in tandem mass spectrometry. Application to the investigation of heavy metal toxicity in rats (2004)

This paper reports a liquid chromatographic/electrospray ionization mass spectrometric (LC/ESI-MS) method for profiling a wide range of structurally different sulfoconjugated compounds in urine and its application to the characterization of biomarkers for heavy metal toxicity in rat urine. Sulfoconjugates were first isolated by solid-phase extraction and the LC separation was performed on a reversed-phase column. Sulfoconjugates were detected in a triple-quadrupole mass spectrometer by simultaneously monitoring constant losses of 80 u (or 80 Th for doubly charged ions), precursors of m/z 80 (SO(3) (-*)) and precursors of m/z 97 (HSO4-). The ESI-MS detection conditions were optimized on dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate and estradiol sulfate and tested on other sulfoconjugates. The analysis of urine samples from humans and rats by using the developed method allowed the detection of about 15 peaks in each mode of detection. It was then applied to the investigation of heavy metal toxicity in rats. Comparative analysis of the chromatographic fingerprints of urine from control and uranium- and cadmium-treated rats showed several variations in the chromatographic pattern of the sulfoconjugates. Diagnostic m/z ratios were confirmed by analyzing individual urine samples and one of the observed variations seemed to be specific to uranium toxicity. The ion responsible for this variation has been identified as 4-ethylphenol sulfate by comparison of its chromatographic retention time and collision-induced dissociation mass spectra (MS(2) and MS(3) performed on a quadrupole ion trap instrument) with those of the synthesized compound.
A sensitive and specific determination method for azaspiracids by liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (1999)

A liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS) method was developed for the sensitive and specific determination of azaspiracid and its two analogs, the causative toxins of azaspiracid poisoning that occurred in the Netherlands and Ireland. The LC/MS method provided a detection limit of 50 pg for azaspiracid. The sensitivity was approximately 8 x 10(4) times greater than the mouse bioassay. The method was used to confirm the presence of azaspiracids in toxic mussels collected at Arranmore Island, Ireland in 1997.
Millimeter-wave base station for mobile broadband communication (2015)

In this paper a millimeter-wave base station operating at 28GHz for mobile communication is introduced. This base station employs 64-elements antenna phased-array to enable adaptive beamforming required for mobile communication. The phased-array is constructed of sub-arrays for optimal trade-off between performance and required coverage and beamforming capability. The phased array antenna is integrated with the transceivers on the same printed circuit board (PCB) using industry standard manufacturing process to minimize the cost and routing loss. The achieved link budget fulfills the requirements of the LOS and NLOS mobile communication in this band for distances in excess of 1Km. The field measurements depict an end-to-end EVM of better than −24dB for a 16QAM OFDM signal with 500MHz bandwidth (BW).
Novel AAV-mediated Therapeutic Strategies for Epilepsy (2019)

Epilepsy afflicts 2.1 million people in the United States, and many patients develop drug resistant seizures. For these patients, gene therapy may be an attractive treatment option. Recent studies have shown that viral vector-mediated expression of neuropeptides such as galanin and neuropeptide Y (NPY) can attenuate seizure sensitivity and prevent seizure-induced cell death in the brain. NPY13-36 is a C-terminal peptide fragment of NPY that activates the NPY-Y2 receptor, thought to mediate the anti-seizure activity. Therefore we investigated if recombinant adeno-associated virus (AAV)-mediated expression and constitutive secretion of NPY or NPY13-36 could alter limbic seizure sensitivity. We found that AAV-mediated delivery of both NPY and NPY13-36 attenuates limbic seizures, and provides a vector technology platform for delivering therapeutic peptide fragments with increased receptor selectivity. To further explore the potential of this platform, we utilized a strategic approach to deliver multiple neuropeptides simultaneously. To achieve this, we used a proteolytic strategy such that our vectors contained a single promoter driving expression of a cleavable chimeric fusion protein of galanin and NPY13-36. The chimeric fusion protein contained a linker sequence capable of being cleaved by the intracellular protease furin, and also contained a fibronectin constitutive secretion signal (FIB) sequence. We first characterized several constructs in vitro, and determined that 1) a single FIB sequence was sufficient to cause secretion of both proteins, 2) the proteins were cleaved from one another regardless of position relative to the cleavage sequence, 3) cleavage efficiency of secreted proteins was 100%, 4) if the cleavage sequence was absent, uncleaved fusion protein was secreted into the medium. We then tested these constructs in a limbic seizure model, and showed that all of our vectors were capable of attenuating limbic seizure sensitivity. However, no additional efficacy was observed with the vector delivering both galanin and NPY13-36. Surprisingly, the level of attenuation was less than with previously published single peptide vectors, suggesting reduced translation efficiency. This body of work describes a gene therapy vector technology platform to express and constitutively secrete single and multiple proteins from transduced cells, and to deliver peptide fragments that are capable of selective receptor targeting.
Stented Vessels: A Challenge for Histological Preparation and Microscopy (2013)

Objective: The first procedure to treat blocked coronary arteries was coronary artery bypass graft surgery. In 1977, Andreas Gruntzig introduced percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA). Today, several stent systems exist ranging from bare metal stents to various drug-eluting stents. Unfortunately, our understanding of the arterial reaction to stent implantation is incomplete – primarily due to technical limitations in the histological study of stented vascular tissue.
Methods: In our study, we examined different histological preparation methods based on the embedding material methacrylate. The procedure of embedding and sectioning stented porcine arteries was optimized for the specific requirements, like histochemistry, immunohistochemistry or pre-stained fluorescence. Furthermore, we used a microscopical technique described as fluorescence intensity decay shape analysis microscopy (FIDSAM) to eliminate auto-fluorescence from fluorescently labeled tissue.
Results: The sections were suitable for histochemical and immunohistochemical staining. Additionally, pre-labeled fluorescence in the porcine tissue was not lost by the embedding process. The evaluation of arterial cross sections with FIDSAM technology gave new, very important insights into the examination possibilities of fluorescently labeled tissue.
Conclusions: Future studies of the vascular response to a variety of new stent materials will provide important clues to the pathogenesis resulting in restenosis and occlusion of stents.
Darstellung und Kristallstruktur der Kupfer(I)‐chalkogenolat‐2,2′‐Bipyridin‐Komplexe [CuS(2,4,6‐iPr3C6H2)]4(Bipy)2 und [CuSe(2,4,6‐iPr3C6H2)]2(Bipy)2 (1996)

Abstract Die oligomeren homoleptischen Kupfer(I)‐chalkogenolat‐Verbindungen [CuS(2,4,6‐ i Pr 3 C 6 H 2 )] x=4,8 ( 1, 2 ) und [CuSe(2,4,6‐ i Pr 3 C 6 H 2 )] 6 ( 3 ) wurden mit 2,2′‐Bipyridin (Bipy) zu dem tetranuklearen Kupferkomplex [CuS(2,4,6‐ i Pr 3 C 6 H 2 )] 4 (Bipy) 2 ( 4 ) und dem dinuklearen Komplex [CuSe(2,4,6‐ i Pr 3 C 6 H 2 )] 2 (Bipy) 2 ( 5 ) umgesetzt, deren Strukturen durch Einkristall‐Röntgenstrukturanalysen bestimmt wurden. In dem achtgliedrigen Cu 4 S 4 ‐Ring von 4 mit Sesselkonformation sind die Kupferatome über μ 2 ‐verbrückende Thiolat‐Liganden verknüpft, wobei nur 2 Kupferatome von 2,2′‐Bipyridin koordiniert werden. Der entsprechende Kupfer(I)‐selenolat‐Komplex ( 5 ) bildet einen gefalteten viergliedrigen Cu 2 Se 2 ‐Ring mit μ 2 ‐verbrückenden Selenolat‐Liganden. Der CuCu‐Abstand ist mit 2.52 Å relativ kurz. Im Gegensatz zu der Umsetzung mit 2,2′‐Bipyridin entsteht aus 1 bzw. 2 und Phenantrolin (Phen) ein dinuklearer Komplex [CuS(2,4,6‐ i Pr 3 C 6 H 2 )] 2 (Phen) 2 ( 10 ). Während 5 sich offensichtlich ohne Zerfall löst, wie NMR‐spektroskopische und kryoskopische Untersuchungen zeigen, dissoziiert 4 in Lösung in kleinere Aggregate, die miteinander im Gleichgewicht stehen. Das elektrochemische Verhalten von 4, 5 und 10 wurde in CH 2 Cl 2 studiert. In allen Fällen wurden keine reversiblen Redoxprozesse beobachtet.