gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Comparative study on adsorption of perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoate (PFOA) by different adsorbents in water (2014)

Perfluorinated compounds (PFCs) are emerging environmental pollutants. Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoate (PFOA) are the two primary PFC contaminants that are widely found in water, particularly in groundwater. This study compared the adsorption behaviors of PFOS and PFOA on several commercially available adsorbents in water. The tested adsorbents include granular activated carbon (GAC: Filtrasorb 400), powdered activated carbon, multi-walled carbon nanotube (MCN), double-walled carbon nanotube, anion-exchange resin (AER: IRA67), non-ion-exchange polymer, alumina, and silica. The study demonstrated that adsorption is an effective technique for the removal of PFOS/PFOA from aqueous solutions. The kinetic tests showed that the adsorption onto AER reaches equilibrium rapidly (2 h), while it takes approximately 4 and 24 h to reach equilibrium for MCN and GAC, respectively. In terms of adsorption capacity, AER and GAC were identified as the most effective adsorbents to remove PFOS/PFOA from water. Furthermore, MCN, AER, and GAC proved to have high PFOS/PFOA removal efficiencies (≥98%). AER (IRA67) and GAC (Filtrasorb 400) were thus identified as the most promising adsorbents for treating PFOS/PFOA-contaminated groundwater at mg L(-1) level based on their equilibrium times, adsorption capacities, removal efficiencies, and associated costs.
Ruthenium Acetate Cluster Amphiphiles and Their Langmuir–Blodgett Films for Electrochromic Switching Devices (2014)

Abstract We synthesized a long‐chain phenylazopyridine ligand and used it to obtain three new amphiphilic trinuclear ruthenium acetate clusters. The amphiphilicity and anisometric form of the long‐chain ligand allowed the complexes to self‐assemble at the liquid–air interface and enabled their deposition by the Langmuir–Blodgett technique. We obtained the linear complex [Ru 3 O(C 2 H 3 O 2 ) 6 (py) 2 L] + [L = 4‐(4‐dodecyloxyphenylazo)pyridine, py = pyridine], which was more stable than the triangular [Ru 3 O(C 2 H 3 O 2 ) 6 L 3 ] + and more suitable for application in electrochromic switching devices, as attested by its fast switching and optical changes in the near‐IR region. Indeed, our electrochromic device remained stable for hundreds of switching cycles.
Placental boost to varicella-zoster antibodies in the newborn (2002)

IgG antibodies to varicella-zoster (VZV) were analyzed in cord and the corresponding maternal blood samples using the indirect fluorescence antibody test and the fluorescent antibody to membrane antigen test. The investigations revealed protective antibody levels in 96.7% of both newborns and mothers. In the cord blood samples, significantly higher titers were detected being indicative of an active placental transfer of VZV-specific IgG.
A psychophysical investigation of global illumination algorithms used in augmented reality (2009)

The overarching goal of this research was to compare different rendering solutions in order to understand why some yield better results specifically when applied to rendering synthetic objects into real photographs. A psychophysical experiment was conducted in which the composite images were judged for accuracy against the original photograph. In addition, iCAM, an image color appearance model was also used to calculate image differences for the same set of images. Conclusions obtained included the effect of global illumination on the accuracy of the final composite rendering. Also, it was discovered that the original rendering with all of its artifacts is not necessarily an indicator of the final composite image's judged accuracy. Finally, initial results show promise in using iCAM to predict a relationship similar to the psychophysics, which could eventually be used in-the-rendering-loop to achieve photorealism with minimized computation.
Starch Content in Leaf Sheath Controlled by CO2-Responsive CCT Protein is a Potential Determinant of Photosynthetic Capacity in Rice (2016)

CO<sub>2</sub>-responsive CCT protein (CRCT) is the suggested positive regulator of starch synthesis in vegetative organs, particularly the leaf sheath of rice. In this study, we analyzed the effects of the starch level in the leaf sheath on the photosynthetic rate in the leaf blade using CRCT overexpression and RNA interference (RNAi) knockdown transgenic rice grown under ambient (38 Pa) or elevated (100 Pa) CO<sub>2</sub> conditions. In leaf sheath, the starch content was markedly changed in relation to CRCT expression levels under both CO<sub>2</sub> conditions. In contrast, the soluble sugar and starch contents of the leaf blade were markedly increased in the knockdown line grown under elevated CO<sub>2</sub> conditions. The overexpression or RNAi knockdown of CRCT did not cause large effects on the photosynthetic rate of the transgenic lines grown under ambient CO<sub>2</sub> condition. However, the photosynthetic rate of the overexpression line was enhanced, while that of the knockdown line was substantially decreased under elevated CO<sub>2</sub> conditions. These photosynthetic rates were weakly correlated with the nitrogen contents and negatively correlated with the total non-structural carbohydrate contents. Thus, the capacity for starch synthesis in leaf sheath, which is controlled by CRCT, can indirectly affect the carbohydrate content, and then the photosynthetic rate in the leaf blade of rice grown under elevated CO<sub>2</sub> conditions.
Solvent dependence of affinity coefficient for phenol adsorption on activated carbon. (1996)

We study the solvent dependence of phenol adsorption on activated carbon based on the cluster model
The Use of a Radiolabelled Saccharin Solution to Monitor the Effect of the Preservatives Thiomersal, Benzalkonium Chloride and EDTA on Human Nasal Clearance (1991)

Abstract The effect of thiomersal, benzalkonium chloride and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) on the nasal mucociliary clearance of healthy volunteers has been investigated using a modified saccharin test and gamma scintigraphy concomitantly. A significant correlation was found between the two techniques. Using each subject as his/her own control, none of the preservatives significantly altered the rate of clearance or proportion cleared from the nasal cavity after the administration of a single dose. This result is at variance with some in-vitro findings.
Brain acetylcholinesterase and its molecular forms in a precocial murid, Acomys cahirinus, and rat during post-natal development. (1984)

Brain acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and its molecular forms of a precocial murid, Acomys cahirinus, characterized by a large hippocampus, were measured during post-natal development and compared with rat. The activity of soluble AChE in Acomys increased slightly up to 4 weeks after birth. The total AChE activity increased somewhat more but, in rats, this increase was still greater. Three main molecular forms of AChE were separated by 7.5% polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Their close similarity to the rat AChE forms was assessed by gradient polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and electrofocusing. Maturation of these forms, i.e., conversion of simple into more complex forms in the soluble fraction of AChE was, however, considerably delayed reaching only after 4 weeks the pattern comparable to that of rat.
Congenital brain abnormalities during a Zika virus epidemic in Salvador, Brazil, April 2015 to July 2016 (2018)

BackgroundNorth-eastern Brazil was the region most affected by the outbreak of congenital Zika syndrome that followed the 2015 Zika virus (ZIKV) epidemics, with thousands of suspected microcephaly cases reported to the health authorities, mostly between late 2015 and early 2016. <b>Aim:</b> To describe clinical and epidemiological aspects of the outbreak of congenital brain abnormalities (CBAs) and to evaluate the accuracy of different head circumference screening criteria in predicting CBAs.MethodBetween April 2015 and July 2016, the Centers for Information and Epidemiologic Surveillance of Salvador, Brazil investigated the reported cases suspected of microcephaly and, based on intracranial imaging studies, confirmed or excluded a diagnosis of CBA. Sensitivity, specificity and positive and negative predictive values of different head circumference screening criteria in predicting CBAs were calculated.ResultsOf the 365 investigated cases, 166 (45.5%) had confirmed CBAs. The most common findings were intracranial calcifications and ventriculomegaly in 143 (86.1%) and 111 (66.9%) of the 166 CBA cases, respectively. Prevalence of CBAs peaked in December 2015 (2.24 cases/100 live births). Cases of CBAs were significantly more likely to have been born preterm and to mothers who had clinical manifestations of arboviral infection during pregnancy. None of the head circumference screening criteria performed optimally in predicting CBAs.ConclusionThis study highlights the magnitude of neurological consequences of the ZIKV epidemic and the limitations of head circumference in accurately identifying children with CBA. Gestational symptoms compatible with ZIKV infection should be combined with imaging studies for efficient detection of suspect CBAs during ZIKV epidemics.
A prospective cohort study of biomarkers of prenatal tobacco smoke exposure: the correlation between serum and meconium and their association with infant birth weight (2010)

Meconium is a useful biological matrix for measuring prenatal tobacco smoke exposure and could be used in epidemiological studies that enroll women and infants at birth. Meconium holds promise as a biological matrix for measuring the intensity and duration of environmental toxicant exposure and future studies should validate the utility of meconium using other environmental toxicants.
First investigations on influence of resolution cell size for monitoring bare agricultural soil by using ground based sar (PoSAR) system measurements (2014)

The objective of this study is to evaluate the influence of resolution cell size of a SAR image for bare agricultural soil monitoring. In order to achieve this objective, we propose to use Ground Based (GB) SAR experiments, in which the specific levels of surface roughness and soil moisture are set deliberately. In these investigations, we propose to study the backscattering coefficients σ <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">HH</sub> , σ <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">HV</sub> for different surface roughness values regarding multi-resolution. The results we obtained with our GB-SAR system (called PoSAR for Pocket SAR) are in agreement with previous experiments on indoor SAR measurements (JRC dataset).
Synthesis and Electrochemistry of Mo[BH(Me2pz)3](NO)[S(CH2)2CONH(CH2)2S] as a Probe of the Effects of N-H.cntdot..cntdot..cntdot.S Hydrogen Bonding on Redox Potentials (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis and Electrochemistry of Mo[BH(Me2pz)3](NO)[S(CH2)2CONH(CH2)2S] as a Probe of the Effects of N-H.cntdot..cntdot..cntdot.S Hydrogen Bonding on Redox PotentialsJiong Huang, Robert L. Ostrander, Arnold L. Rheingold, and Marc Anton WaltersCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1995, 34, 5, 1090–1093Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic00109a015https://doi.org/10.1021/ic00109a015research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views157Altmetric-Citations24LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (2)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
The field-dependent shock profiles of a magnetorhelogical damper due to high impact: an experimental investigation (2014)

This work proposes a new damper featuring magnetorheological fluid (MR damper) and presents its field-dependent damping forces due to high impact. To achieve this goal, a large MR damper, which can produce a damping force of 100 kN at 6 A, is designed and manufactured based on the analysis of the magnetic flux intensity of the damper. After identifying the field-dependent damping force levels of the manufactured MR damper, a hydraulic horizontal shock tester is established. This shock testing system consists of a velocity generator, impact mass, shock programmer, and test mass. The MR damper is installed at the end of the wall in the shock tester and tested under four different experimental conditions. The shock profile characteristics of the MR damper due to different impact velocities are investigated at various input current levels. In addition, the inner pressure of the MR damper during impact, which depends on the input's current level, is evaluated at two positions that can represent the pressure drop that generates the damping force of the MR damper. It is demonstrated from this impact testing that the shock profiles can be changed by the magnitude of the input current applied to the MR damper. It directly indicates that a desired shock profile can be achieved by installing the MR damper associated with appropriate control logics to adjust the magnitude of the input current.
<title>Active intrinsic optical chemical sensor for the detection and measurement of carbon monoxide in air</title> (1994)

In our ongoing work developing a reversible optical chemical sensor (OCS) for CO, we have produced a greatly simplified and improved sensor design. Chemically impregnated porous optical fiber has been replaced with impregnated porous Vycor glass; a battery powered blue LED has replaced a compact Hg lamp and power supply; optical fibers are no longer necessary; The Vycor acts as both chemical transducer and optical waveguide. The CO OCS now consists of five components: a 9 V battery and a blue LED; a transition metal impregnated porous Vycor matrix/waveguide; a short pass interference filter or a colloidally colored glass bandpass filter; and a large area, resin coated Si photodetector. The CO OCS responds reversibly to the presence of [CO] in both air and in N<SUB>2</SUB>, over the 40 to 950 ppm range at STP. The sensor has shown a lower limit of detection of approximately 40 ppm at STP. In terms of the transmitted intensity, the sensor is very slow in responding to very slow changes or buildups in the [CO]<SUB>ambient</SUB>. Yet, in the presence of rapid changes in the [CO]<SUB>ambient</SUB>, the sensor displays a 100% time constant of 60 to 70 seconds irrespective of the delta [CO]<SUB>ambient</SUB>. The new design simplifies sensing greatly in that optical fibers (and the various problems associated with their use), bulky light sources, and extremely fragile porous optical fibers have been supplanted by small, durable, inexpensive, commercially available components. The sensor could find application in environments in which the [CO] can or does change rapidly.
Conjugate Heat Transfer Analysis and Design Optimization of Internally Cooling Turbine Blade (2011)

To improve the cooling efficiency of turbine blade, a multidisciplinary design optimization (MDO) system involving aerodynamics, heat transfer and structures has been developed. In this system, a MDO procedure for a turbine blade with complicate internal structure is performed. The structural size of rib turbulators, partitions and trailing edge cooling slots, which serve as design variables, is used for parametric modeling of three dimensional turbine blade. Conjugate heat transfer analysis is employed to get the temperature of the blade. The temperature in the blade body obtained from former coupled analysis is specified as boundary conditions for structural analysis. Meanwhile, a combined algorithm of multi-island genetic algorithm (MIGA) and sequential quadratic programming (SQP) is applied for optimization in specified space. While the flow rate of cooling air remains unchanged, the maximum and average temperatures of the blade decrease under the condition of meeting the strength requirement. The result shows that the cooling efficiency of turbine blade is improved, and the system exhibits higher stability, feasibility and efficiency for engineering applications.
1101 Urine complement activation products in lupus nephritis (2022)

<h3>Background</h3> Complement activation plays a critical role in the development of kidney injury during lupus nephritis (LN). Clinical trials targeting the complement pathway are now underway in LN. It is therefore important to understand the relationship between intra-renal complement activation and kidney histology in LN, and whether complement activation products (CAPs) can serve as biomarkers to guide complement-directed therapies. In this investigation, urine CAPs levels were measured, and associations with kidney injury were determined. <h3>Methods</h3> A cohort of 149 patients had urine and blood collected at the time of kidney biopsy for suspected LN. The CAPs C5a, C5b-9, and factor Ba were measured in the urine by ELISA. Biopsies were examined by routine histology, and the NIH activity and chronicity indexes (AI,CI) were calculated by two nephropathologists. CAPs levels were correlated with clinical and histologic data using the spearman correlation r. <h3>Results</h3> The results are summarized in the table 1. The highest levels of CAPs were found in patients with proliferative or proliferative plus membranous LN, with lower levels in pure class II and V. All three urine CAPs correlated with AI, but the strongest correlation was between C5b-9 and AI. Only Ba and C5a correlated with CI, but this correlation was, at best, modest. All CAPs correlated with proteinuria, while only Ba and C5a correlated with serum creatinine. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Urine C5b-9 was the best measure of histologic activity in LN. Given the size of the C5b-9 complex, it is unlikely to be filtered, even by glomeruli with a damaged glomerular permeability barrier. Urine C5b-9 therefore only reflects intra-renal complement activity. C5a and Ba associated modestly with active lesions, as well as kidney damage, likely accounting for their association with serum creatinine. We suggest levels of urine C5b-9 could be used to follow the success of anti-complement therapies in mitigating intra- renal complement activation in LN.
Footprints of RF CMOS Compact Modeling Technology From Wireless Communication To IoT Applications (2018)

This paper reviews the development of compact modeling technology of RF (Radio Frequency) MOSFETs. Author, who was involved in the research and development of RF compact models for many products, will look back the footprints of the important technical issues, which are still essential for the next generation of IoT and wireless applications, and gives outlook of the future related technology developments.
Basic Science of Pain (2006)

The origin of the theory that the transmission of pain is through a single channel from the skin to the brain can be traced to the philosopher and scientist René Descartes. This simplified scheme of the reflex was the beginning of the development of the modern doctrine of reflexes. Unfortunately, Descartes' reflex theory directed both the study and treatment of pain for more than 330 years. It is still described in physiology and neuroscience textbooks as fact rather than theory. The gate control theory proposed by Melzack and Wall in 1965 rejuvenated the field of pain study and led to further investigation into the phenomena of spinal sensitization and central nervous system plasticity, which are the potential pathophysiologic correlates of chronic pain. The processing of pain takes place in an integrated matrix throughout the neuroaxis and occurs on at least three levels-at peripheral, spinal, and supraspinal sites. Basic strategies of pain control monopolize on this concept of integration by attenuation or blockade of pain through intervention at the periphery, by activation of inhibitory processes that gate pain at the spinal cord and brain, and by interference with the perception of pain. This article discusses each level of pain modulation and reviews the mechanisms of action of opioids and potential new analgesics. A brief description of animal models frames a discussion about recent advances regarding the role of glial cells and central nervous system neuroimmune activation and innate immunity in the etiology of chronic pain states. Future investigation into the discovery and development of novel, nonopioid drug therapy may provide needed options for the millions of patients who suffer from chronic pain syndromes, including syndromes in which the pain originates from peripheral nerve, nerve root, spinal cord, bone, muscle, and disc.
Atherogenic postprandial remnant lipoproteins—a causal lipoproteins for the initiation of obesity and atherosclerosis (2020)

Abstract: Oxidized low density lipoprotein (Ox-LDL) and chylomicron (CM) remnants were proposed previously as the most atherogenic lipoproteins which initiate and progress the coronary atherosclerosis as the causal lipoproteins. However, there are still controversies on these hypothesizes. Therefore, we propose a new hypothesis on postprandial remnant lipoproteins (RLP) which contain hepatic origin apoB100 and intestinal origin apoB48 in VLDL fraction. Plasma RLP-cholesterol (RLP-C) and RLP-triglyceride (RLP-TG) increased significantly after fat load associated with the increase of TG. Approximately above 80% of the increased TG after fat load is composed of TG in RLP. Postprandial RLP contained significantly greater apoB100 lipoprotein particles than apoB48 particles. Also most LPL in non-heparin plasma was found in RLP as RLP-LPL complex and found in circulation and incorporated in peripheral issues primarily for energy delivery as a ligand for VLDL receptor. Plasma LPL concentration and activity don’t increase in plasma after fat intake, therefore it may cause the insufficient hydrolysis of RLP. As the results, we observed the significant increase of RLP-TG concentration with large particle size as mostly VLDL remnants in postprandial plasma. Therefore, LPL concentration was inversely correlated with RLP-C and RLP-TG concentration in postprandial plasma. Increased postprandial TG associated with increased RLP having striking similarity with Ox-LDL has been shown as the risk of cardiovascular disease by large epidemiological studies. We have shown that VLDL remnants, not CM remnants, are the major atherogenic lipoproteins increased in postprandial plasma associated with insufficient LPL activity as the possible causal factor for the initiation of atherosclerosis. Therefore, overproduced RLP in postprandial plasma should be the initial target to be controlled as the initiator of atherosclerosis by choosing the kind of food intake and appropriate exercise, without using therapeutic drugs.