gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Surface-layer protein extracts from Lactobacillus helveticus inhibit enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157:H7 adhesion to epithelial cells (2006)

Adherence of intestinal pathogens, including Escherichia coli O157:H7, to human intestinal epithelial cells is a key step in pathogenesis. Probiotic bacteria, including Lactobacillus helveticus R0052 inhibit the adhesion of E. coli O157:H7 to epithelial cells, a process which may be related to specific components of the bacterial surface. Surface-layer proteins (Slps) are located in a paracrystalline layer outside the bacterial cell wall and are thought to play a role in tissue adherence. However, the ability of S-layer protein extract derived from probiotic bacteria to block adherence of enteric pathogens has not been investigated. Human epithelial (HEp-2 and T84) cells were treated with S-layer protein extract alone, infected with E. coli O157:H7, or pretreated with S-layer protein extract prior to infection to determine their importance in the inhibition of pathogen adherence. The effects of S-layer protein extracts were characterized by phase-contrast and immunofluorescence microscopy and measurement of the transepithelial electrical resistance of polarized monolayers. Pre-treatment of host epithelial cells with S-layer protein extracts prior to E. coli O157:H7 infection decreased pathogen adherence and attaching-effacing lesions in addition to preserving the barrier function of monolayers. These in vitro studies indicate that a non-viable constituent derived from a probiotic strain may prove effective in interrupting the infectious process of an intestinal pathogen.
Impact of Visceral Fat on Survival and Metastasis of Stage III Colorectal Cancer (2021)

Visceral obesity is closely related to increased risks of CRC-specific mortality and peritoneal seeding metastasis in stage III CRC patients.
(2-Ethoxyphenyl)[4-(6-fluorobenzo[d]isoxazol-3-yl)piperidin-1-yl]methanone (2007)

In the title compound, C21H21FN2O3, the piperidine ring is in a chair conformation with the substituted benzisoxazole ring system in an equatorial position. An inter­molecular C—H⋯O inter­action is present in the crystal structure.
Illusory contours activate specific regions in human visual cortex: evidence from functional magnetic resonance imaging. (1995)

The neural basis for perceptual grouping operations in the human visual system, including the processes which generate illusory contours, is fundamental to understanding human vision. We have employed functional magnetic resonance imaging to investigate these processes noninvasively. Images were acquired on a GE Signa 1.5T scanner equipped for echo planar imaging with an in-plane resolution of 1.5 x 1.5 mm and slice thicknesses of 3.0 or 5.0 mm. Visual stimuli included nonaligned inducers (pacmen) that created no perceptual contours, similar inducers at the corners of a Kanizsa square that created illusory contours, and a real square formed by continuous contours. Multiple contiguous axial slices were acquired during baseline, visual stimulation, and poststimulation periods. Activated regions were identified by a multistage statistical analysis of the activation for each volume element sampled and were compared across conditions. Specific brain regions were activated in extrastriate cortex when the illusory contours were perceived but not during conditions when the illusory contours were absent. These unique regions were found primarily in the right hemisphere for all four subjects and demonstrate that specific brain regions are activated during the kind of perceptual grouping operations involved in illusory contour perception.
Activated Thyroid Hormone Promotes Differentiation and Chemotherapeutic Sensitization of Colorectal Cancer Stem Cells by Regulating Wnt and BMP4 Signaling (2015)

Thyroid hormone is a pleiotropic factor that controls many cellular processes in multiple cell types such as cancer stem cells (CSC). Thyroid hormone concentrations in the blood are stable, but the action of the deiodinases (D2-D3) provides cell-specific regulation of thyroid hormone activity. Deregulation of deiodinase function and thyroid hormone status has been implicated in tumorigenesis. Therefore, we investigated the role of thyroid hormone metabolism and signaling in colorectal CSCs (CR-CSC), where deiodinases control cell division and chemosensitivity. We found that increased intracellular thyroid hormone concentration through D3 depletion induced cell differentiation and sharply mitigated tumor formation. Upregulated BMP4 expression and concomitantly attenuated Wnt signaling accompanied these effects. Furthermore, we demonstrate that BMP4 is a direct thyroid hormone target and is involved in a positive autoregulatory feedback loop that modulates thyroid hormone signaling. Collectively, our findings highlight a cell-autonomous metabolic mechanism by which CR-CSCs exploit thyroid hormone signaling to facilitate their self-renewal potential and suggest that drug-induced cell differentiation may represent a promising therapy for preventing CSC expansion and tumor progression.
Antiangiogenic therapy through copper chelation (2003)

AbstractAs new compounds are being evaluated for use in clinical trials involving antiangiogenic therapies, two important factors must be considered. Independent of clinical efficacy, the potential drug must be cost-effective and have reasonable ease of production. The compound endostatin (Entremed, Inc.) has recently completed two Phase I trials with minimal toxicity to the patients treated [1,2]. However, due to the difficulty and expense of producing large quantities of a recombinant protein, Entremed Inc. has experienced financial difficulties [3]. As this company's fate indicates, a drug must not only be clinically effective, but must also possess reasonable production economics. Another interesting component of compound development is selectivity. Highly selective antiangiogenic compounds such as the tyrosine kinase inhibitor SU-5416 are being replaced by less selective compounds such as SU-6668, which acts on a broader spectrum of tyrosine kinase receptors [4]. This move towards using less selective antiangiogenic compounds is based on preclinical models that demonstrate both better clinical efficacy when using less specific molecules and low response rates from the more selective compounds. With the aim of further examining broadly-acting antiangiogenic agents, the authors are currently evaluating new classes of agents that preferentially bind copper and inhibit angiogenesis. Copper has been known to be a significant target for antiangiogenic therapy for a number of years [5]. Recently, through the use of molecular techniques, the target enzymes that utilise copper as a cofactor are being elucidated. This review will describe the historical use of anticopper therapy for the treatment of Wilson's disease and evaluate some of the new anticopper compounds currently under consideration for use in antiangiogenic therapy.Keywordsangiogenesischelationcoppertumour
Light-Scattering Measurement of Interactions between Unlike Polymers (1950)

First Page
Iminophosphorane-mediated syntheses of [1,2,4]triazolo[5,1-c][1,2,4]triazines. The unexpected formation of Z,Z-1,3-diazetidine-2,4-di-imines. X-Ray molecular structure of 7-(p-chloroanilino)-8-(p-chlorophenyl)-3-methyl[1,2,4]triazolo[5,1-c][1,2,4]triazin-4(8H)-one and of 1,3-bis-(p-chlorophenyl)-2,4-bis-(6-methyl-3-methylthio-5-oxo-4,5-dihydro-1,2,4-triazin-4-ylimino)-1,3-diazetidine (1986)

A number of [1,2,4]triazolo[5,1-c][1,2,4]triazine derivatives have been prepared. 6-Methyl-3-methylthio-4-triphenylphosphoranylideneamino-5-oxo-4,5-dihydro-1,2,4-triazine (19) reacts with aryl isocyanates to yield the corresponding 1,3-diaryl-2,4-bis-(6-methyl-3-methylthio-5-oxo-4,5-dihydro-1,2,4-triazin-4-ylimino)-1,3-diazetidines (20)–(24); these undergo ring cleavage on treatment with aqueous ethanol to give the 8-aryl-7-arylamino-3-methyl[1,2,4]triazolo[5,1-c][1,2,4]triazin-4(8H)-ones (8), (12), and (16)–(18). The reaction of the 3-arylmethylenehydrazino-6-methyl-5-oxo-4-triphenylphosphoranylideneamino-4,5-dihydro-1,2,4-triazines (35) and (36), available from the corresponding 4-amino-3-arylmethylenehydrazino-6-methyl-5-oxo-4,5-dihydro-1,2,4-triazine and triphenylphosphine dibromide, with alkyl or aryl isocyanates led directly to 7-arylamino-8-arylmethyleneamino-3-methyl[1,2,4]triazolo[5,1-c][1,2,4]triazin-4(8H)-ones (37)–(46). Also, iminophosphoranes (5)–(7), (35), and (36) react with acyl chlorides in the presence of triethylamine to give the triazolotriazinones (25)–(31) and (50)–(55) respectively. Structures of compounds (20)–(24) have been established by means of 13C n.m.r. analysis and X-ray crystallography.
Design and safety considerations of interoperable wireless charging system for automotive (2014)

This paper presents a brief overview about wireless charging technology developed for electric and plugin hybrid vehicles. Presented technology is a complete solution which includes power transfer, foreign object detection, live objects protection and required communication capabilities. Developed technology is very flexible, easy to use and can be easily adopted for various cars. Used multi-coil topology guarantee interoperable solution with various other topologies like e.g.: circular and solenoid.
Crater geometry and ejecta thickness of the Martian impact crater Tooting (2007)

Abstract— We use Mars Orbiter Laser Altimeter (MOLA) topographic data and Thermal Emission Imaging System (THEMIS) visible (VIS) images to study the cavity and the ejecta blanket of a very fresh Martian impact crater ˜29 km in diameter, with the provisional International Astronomical Union (IAU) name Tooting crater. This crater is very young, as demonstrated by the large depth/diameter ratio (0.065), impact melt preserved on the walls and floor, an extensive secondary crater field, and only 13 superposed impact craters (all 54 to 234 meters in diameter) on the ˜8120 km 2 ejecta blanket. Because the pre‐impact terrain was essentially flat, we can measure the volume of the crater cavity and ejecta deposits. Tooting crater has a rim height that has &gt;500 m variation around the rim crest and a very large central peak (1052 m high and &gt;9 km wide). Crater cavity volume (i.e., volume below the pre‐impact terrain) is ˜380 km 3 the volume of materials above the pre‐impact terrain is ˜425 km 3 . The ejecta thickness is often very thin (&lt;20 m) throughout much of the ejecta blanket. There is a pronounced asymmetry in the ejecta blanket, suggestive of an oblique impact, which has resulted in up to ˜100 m of additional ejecta thickness being deposited down‐range compared to the up‐range value at the same radial distance from the rim crest. Distal ramparts are 60 to 125 m high, comparable to the heights of ramparts measured at other multi‐layered ejecta craters. Tooting crater serves as a fresh end‐member for the large impact craters on Mars formed in volcanic materials, and as such may be useful for comparison to fresh craters in other target materials.
Leaky-Wave Steering in a Two-Dimensional Metamaterial Structure Using Wave Interaction Excitation (2006)

A two-dimensional composite right/left-handed (CRLH) metamaterial with an orthogonal feeding structure is demonstrated. By varying the magnitude of the input power to two orthogonal edges of the metamaterial, the net power flow direction can be controlled based on wave interaction. The CRLH metamaterial is analyzed and designed in terms of its equivalent circuit model and full-wave verification. The leaky-wave radiation from this metamaterial can be used for two-dimensional scanning without phase-shifters. Azimuth scanning is achieved by varying the magnitude of the input power at the two orthogonal edges of the structure, while elevation scanning is made possible by varying the operational frequency. Experimental radiation patterns of the metamaterial are shown and demonstrate an elevation scanning range of -61deg to +60deg and an azimuth scanning range of 0deg to +90deg with orthogonal two-edge feeding
Evaluation of human hemoglobin vesicle as an oxygen carrier: recovery from hemorrhagic shock in rabbits (2000)

The Neo Red Cell (NRC), an artificial oxygen carrier, has been developed and evaluated for its oxygen-transporting capacity, hemodynamics and safety in experimental animals. Stroma-free hemoglobin prepared from outdated human red blood cells was encapsulated in liposome capsules together with inositol hexaphosphate as an allosteric effector, coenzyme and substrates for reducing metHb formation. The NRCs were coated with polyethylene glycol bounded to phosphatidylethanolamine (PEG-PE) as a surface modifier to prevent aggregation of NRC in plasma and to prolong the circulation time in the blood stream. The formation of metHb formation was reduced from 1%/hr to 0.5%/hr by incorporating a metHb reduction system into NRC. The efficacy of the NRC in tissue oxygenation and recovery from anemia was examined in rabbits which had been made severely anemic by drawing 85% of their blood and replacing it with NRC. All the animals infused with NRC recovered to pre-anemic conditions within 6–8 hr and survived until they were sacrificed, 6 months after the exchange transfusion. Our observations suggest that NRCs constitute an efficient oxygen carrier not having serious adverse effects and associated with low metHb formation in vivo and during storage. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Modulation by cytokines of induction of oral tolerance to type II collagen (1999)

Administration of TGFbeta1 or dimaprit, both of which are believed to promote the development of immunoregulatory T cells, may reinforce induction of oral tolerance, even after the onset of arthritis.
Supplementary Figure 5 from Identification of Small-Molecule Inhibitors of the Colorectal Cancer Oncogene Krüppel-like Factor 5 Expression by Ultrahigh-Throughput Screening (2023)

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PLGA-PEG nanoparticles for targeted delivery of the mTOR/PI3kinase inhibitor dactolisib to inflamed endothelium (2017)

Dactolisib (NVP-BEZ235, also referred to as: 'BEZ235' or 'BEZ') is a dual mTOR/PI3K inhibitor that is of potential interest in the treatment of inflammatory disorders. This work focuses on formulation of BEZ-loaded polymeric nanoparticles composed of a blend of poly(D,L-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) and poly(D,L-lactide-co-glycolide)-poly(ethylene glycol)-2000 (PLGA-PEG). The nanoparticles were prepared by an oil/water emulsion solvent evaporation method, and were subsequently characterized for yield, encapsulation efficiency, morphology, particle size, drug-polymer interaction and in vitro drug release profiles. A targeted formulation was developed by conjugation of a S-acetyl-thioacetyl (SATA)-modified mouse-anti human E-selectin antibody to the distal end of PLGA-PEG-SPDP containing nanoparticles. Our results show the successful preparation of spherical PLGA/PLGA-PEG nanoparticles loaded with BEZ. The particle size distribution showed a range from 250 to 360nm with a high (>75%) BEZ encapsulation efficiency. Approximately 35% of the loaded BEZ was released within 10days at 37°C in a medium containing 5% bovine serum albumin (BSA). Evaluation of efficacy of anti-E-selectin decorated BEZ-loaded nanoparticles was carried out in tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) activated endothelial cells. Confocal microscopy analysis showed that cellular uptake of the targeted nanoparticles and subsequent internalization. Cell functional assays, including migration assay and phosphowestern blot analysis of the mTOR and pI3K signaling pathways, revealed that the E-selectin targeted nanoparticles loaded with BEZ had a pronounced effect on inflammation-activated endothelial cells as compared to the non-targeted BEZ-loaded nanoparticles. In conclusion, E-selectin targeted nanoparticles have a high potential in delivering the potent mTOR/pI3K inhibitor dactolisib to inflamed endothelial cells and are an interesting nanomedicine for anti-inflammatory therapy.
A compact, low-dispersion viewing system for reflection holograms (1991)

A viewing system is proposed for viewing reflection holograms conveniently, and with acceptably low chromatic dispersion. The angles of reconstruction and viewing are such that close examination of the image is possible.
Turbo-coded OFDM system for a mobile satellite broadcasting system (2002)

In this paper, performance of a turbo-coded OFDM system is analyzed and simulated in a satellite broadcasting channel. The performance is evaluated in terms of bit error probability. The satellite channel is modeled as a combination of Rayleigh fading with shadowing and Rician fading channels. From simulation results, it is demonstrated that the max-log-MAP algorithm is promising in terms of performance and complexity. It is shown that performance is substantially improved by increasing the number of iterations and interleaver length of a turbo encoder. The results in this paper can be applied to OFDM-based satellite broadcasting systems.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Alkali Metal Binding Properties of “Upper Rim” Functionalized Calix(4)arenes. (1992)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
High resolution self-mixing laser rangefinder (2012)

This work describes the development of a novel laser instrument for non-contact absolute distance measurements, working in safety class I. The physical principle of operation is based on the self-mixing effect in a laser diode: the laser diode wavelength is modulated through a change of the supply current, inducing a self-mixing signal. The frequency of the produced fringes depends on the target distance, therefore a particular algorithm is applied, in real-time, to extract the frequency tone of the fringes, even in the case of very low signal-to-noise ratio. The final low-cost instrument is realized with an embedded digital signal processor and works in real-time over diffusive targets, with resolution better than 100 μm for distances up to 2 m.
Lubricant Film Thickness in Rough Surface, Mixed Elastohydrodynamic Contact (1999)

A spacer layer imaging method has been employed to map lubricant film thickness in very thin film, rough surface, rolling elastohydrodynamic (EHD) contacts. A series of model roughnesses have been produced by depositing tiny ridges and bumps on a steel ball surface and the influence of these features on film thickness has been investigated at a range of rolling speeds. It has been shown that all the model surface features studied form speed-dependent, micro-EHD lubricating films, but the detailed shape and thickness of these films depends upon the geometry of the feature and the rolling speed. All model surface features also produce a net increase in mean film thickness, compared to the smooth surface, under operating conditions where the film thickness is less than the out-of-contact height of the surface feature studied. For a real, random, rough surface, however, mean film thickness is less than the smooth surface case. The film thickness mapping technique has also been used to measure the effective roughness of surfaces in lubricated contact. This shows that surfaces based on 2-D array of tiny circular bumps become rougher as the rolling speed and thus film thickness increases. However, real, rough surfaces appear to show a decrease of in-contact roughness with increasing rolling speed. [S0742-4787(00)01001-8]
Gastrointestinal Erdheim-Chester disease. (2014)

We report a rare case of Erdheim-Chester Disease, a non-Langerhans cell histiocytosis. A 60-year old female presented with a seven-month history of vague abdominal symptoms. A large retroperitoneal mass was detected on computed tomography (CT), but multiple CT-guided biopsy samples were inconclusive. Laparoscopy revealed a mass in the distal ileum, which was resected. Histology and immuno-histochemistry supported a diagnosis of Erdheim-Chester Disease.
Programmable logic elements based on ferromagnetic nanodisks containing two antidots (2005)

Magnetoresistive elements for data storage or logic operations require reliable bistable magnetic switching. Soft magnetic nanodisks containing two antidots, which serve as pinning sites for a magnetic vortex, provide an alternative route for bistable magnetic switching. Here we show by means of micromagnetic simulations that field pulses generated by two orthogonal metallic current lines can switch the magnetic vortex core between antidots on a subnanosecond time scale. Using a third strip line to enable switching of the element’s magnetically hard layer, the logic operations AND, OR, NAND, and NOR can be established.
Amount of Aniseikonia Compatible with Fine Binocular Vision: Some Old and New Concepts (1980)

Random Dot Stereograms (RDS) are useful, but are sometimes misleading in assessing the degree of binocular cooperation in the presence of aniseikonia. RDS may give positive results up to 15% aniseikonia, whereas a fine central binocularity is not possible with more than 5% image-size difference. It is suggested that stereopsis may not be the only parameter to test; stress is given to the importance of peripheral motor fusion in maintaining the eye alignment.
Convective and Metabolic Heat in Human Fingers (1994)

The objective was to investigate the contribution of the convective heat transfer by the blood and the tissue metabolic heat production to the heat loss or gain by the finger during a 3.5 h immersion of the forearm and hand in water at temperatures (Tw) between 20 and 40°C using arterial occlusion of the forearm for the last 30 min. The finger heat loss had decreased during occlusion at Tw ≤ 37°C but increased at Tw >37°C. At thermal steady state prior to occlusion, the convective heat contributed between 33.3 and 93.8% of the total heat loss from the finger at 20 ≤ Tw 30°C; the remaining being the tissue metabolic heat. At 38 ≤ Tw ≤ 40°C, the environment contributed between 88.7 and 96.7% of the total finger heat gain; the remaining being the tissue metabolic heat.
Quasi-Cw Ultraviolet Generation in a Dual-periodic LiTaO3 Superlattice by Frequency Tripling (2001)

We propose a dual-periodically domain-inverted structure for realizing an efficient third-harmonic generation at an arbitrary fundamental wavelength. The structure allows to couple two separate optical parametric processes, frequency doubling and frequency adding, through a cascaded quasi-phase-matched interaction, therefore, generate third-harmonic directly from a superlattice sample. As an example, we designed and fabricated such a structure in a LiTaO 3 crystal. Using a LD pumped 1.064 µm quasi-cw Nd:YVO 4 laser as a fundamental source, considerable ultraviolet at 355 nm was generated from this superlattice by frequency tripling. And green at 532 nm was simultaneously obtained by frequency doubling.
EFFECT OF AWILD TYPE AND THREE DIFFERENT MUTANTS OF CHITINOLYTIC BACTERIA, Bacillus thuringiensis BY U.V. IRRADIATION ON VIABILITY OF Meloidogyne incognita EGGS UNDER LABORATORY CONDITIONS (2007)

The nematicidal activity of the wild type and three mutants namely (24, 10, 32 ) of the chitinolytic bacteria, Bacillus thuringiensis was evaluated against eggs of the root - knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita, using U.V. irradiation as a safer and environment friendly control, alternate of chemical nematicides under laboratory conditions at 25 ± 5 ºC. Results, generally indicated that the mutant no. 24 is more effective on the nematode eggs followed by mutant no.10, then mutant no. 32 as compared to the wild type which achieved the lowest mortality. These values ranged from (90.8 to 96.6 % ), (79.8 to 89.9 %), ( 70.2 to 79.5 %), (46.3 to 68.8 %); respectively compared to 2.7% in untreated control after 96 he time. There were positive relation - ship between the percentage of mortality and the chitinase production from mutants, the production evaluated 385 %, 350 % and 300 %; respectively.