gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Application of the dielectric barrier discharge to detect defects in a teflon coated metal surface (2003)

In the semiconductor industry, flexible stainless steel tubes, the inside of which are coated with thick Teflon films, by the splay coating method, have been used to prevent their degradation and erosion by organic solvents. We have developed an inspection system to detect pinholes and cracks in the deposited Teflon films, and the dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) was employed to reduce residual substances and damages to the coated film in the tube. Conducting water contained in the cylinder-like glass pipe was used as a liquid electrode to apply a high voltage at any portion of the tube tested. A defective part with a pinhole was modelled by a point electrode in this experiment, because the uncoated defective part has a lower electric breakdown voltage. High frequency voltage (10 kHz) was applied between the point electrode and the liquid electrode. The level of the liquid electrode was varied to detect the occurrence of a microdischarge. It is found that the number of current pulses due to the microdischarge can be used to estimate the size and location of the defective uncoated point of the sample tube.
Testing Properties of Constraint-Graphs. (2007)

We study a model of graph related formulae that we call the Constraint-Graph model. A constraintgraph is a labeled multi-graph (a graph where loops and parallel edges are allowed), where each edge e is labeled by a distinct Boolean variable and every vertex is associate with a Boolean function over the variables that label its adjacent edges. A Boolean assignment to the variables satisfies the constraint graph if it satisfies every vertex function. We associate with a constraint-graph G the property of all assignments satisfying G, denoted SAT (G). We show that the above model is quite general. That is, for every property of strings P there exists a property of constraint-graphs PG such that P is testable using q queries iff PG is thus testable. In addition, we present a large family of constraint-graphs for which SAT (G) is testable with constant number of queries. As an implication of this, we infer the testability of some edge coloring problems (e.g. the property of two coloring of the edges in which every node is adjacent to at least one vertex of each color). Another implication is that every property of Boolean strings that can be represented by a Read-twice CNF formula is testable. We note that this is the best possible in terms of the number of occurrences of every variable in a formula. 1
Preface to Special Topic: Low-Carbon Pathways Toward Decarbonizing Economy in Asia Pacific (2017)

First Page
ESH Friendly Solvent for Stripping Positive and Negative Photoresists in 3D-Wafer Level Packaging and 3D-Stacked IC Applications (2012)

NMP is a commonly used solvent for removing positive photoresist in 3D applications, especially in electroplating and (micro-) bumping. However, the negative photoresists are more and more preferred in these applications. Unfortunately, NMP is inefficient for negative photoresist and it is not considered in Europe as an ESH solvent anymore. In this paper a comparative study was carried out in order to identify a solvent that is ESH friendly and a one-size-fits-all solution for stripping negative-tone and thick positive-tone photoresist (2-22 μm) for (micro-) bumping, electroplating and TSV etch applications. The study was performed at tool level.
How to Draw Figures Using Microsoft Office 2013 (2014)

Microsoft Excel ® is the most popularly used spreadsheet software. Although figures can be drawn using this software, their quality is unsatisfactory for use in scientific papers or reports. The quality of figures can be improved using Microsoft PowerPoint®, which is also a software component of Microsoft Office ® and is widely used as a presentation tool. A rough figure is prepared on the basis of the data in Excel, and it is modified to a clear one using PowerPoint. An example of how to draw good-quality figures using both types of software is presented in this paper.
Integrated pressure and flow sensor in silicon-based ultrasonic surgical actuator (2002)

We report on a transducer that not only cuts tissue ultrasonically but also senses pressure and liquid flow rate during cutting. Horn-shaped silicon needles with integrated piezoresistive pressure sensors were fabricated using bulk micromachining technology. The needles were driven ultrasonically by bonded PZT-4 plates. The device can be driven at its /spl lambda//2 longitudinal resonance to cut and sense pressure, while cut tissue is aspirated through the needle by an external pump.
Electrophysiologic and antiarrhythmic effects of sotalol in patients with life-threatening ventricular tachyarrhythmias. (1985)

Sotalol is a unique beta-blocker that lengthens cardiac repolarization and effective refractory period (ERP). Its efficacy after intravenous (1.5 mg/kg) and oral (160 to 480 mg bid) administration was therefore evaluated in 37 patients with refractory recurrent ventricular tachycardia/fibrillation (VT/VF). Thirty-five patients, 33 with inducible VT/VF, underwent electrophysiologic testing. Intravenous sotalol lengthened the ERP in the atrium (+24.6%, p less than .01), atrioventricular node (+24.9%, p less than .01), and ventricle (+14.9%, p less than .01). It also significantly lengthened sinus node recovery time, corrected QT interval (QTc), and the AH interval, but not the HV interval. Sotalol prevented reinduction of VT/VF in 15 patients (45.5%). Twenty-five of the 33 patients (15 with positive results of electrophysiologic tests; 10 with negative results) were given oral sotalol. The drug was ineffective in seven (26.9%) and aggravated arrhythmia in one (3.8%). In four patients sotalol was withdrawn because of side effects; arrhythmias recurred late in two (7.7%). Eleven patients (42.3%) have continued on oral sotalol over a mean follow-up period of 9.2 +/- 8.6 months. Sotalol reduced (n = 21) total premature ventricular complex (PVC) count on the Holter electrocardiogram by 73% (p less than .01), paired PVCs by 89% (p less than .01), and beats of ventricular tachycardia by 95% (p less than .01). In 52% (n = 11), total reduction in PVCs was at least 85%, and incidence of paired and tachycardiac beats was reduced at least 90% (group A). In the remainder (n = 10), PVC suppression was not significant (group B). Group A included nine patients with nonreinducible VT/VF and two in whom it was reinducible; in group B, eight of 10 patients had reinducible VT/VF. The difference between the two groups (Fisher exact test) was significant (p less than .01). The prevention of reinduction of VT/VF by intravenous sotalol and suppression of spontaneously occurring arrhythmias by the oral drug were both predictive of long-term drug efficacy. Sotalol is a significant advance in the short- and long-term management of life-threatening ventricular tachyarrhythmias.
Cyclobutenediylium Dyes (1968)

Abstract In agreement with the aromaticity and electrophilic behavior of squaric acid, a cyclobutenediyliumtetroxide ion is formulated as a limiting form of the squarate dianion. These views are confirmed by the structure of a series of new compounds that are readily obtainable from squaric acid or its derivatives, and most of which are deeply colored. The compounds contain the cyclobutenediyliumdioxide grouping as the chromophore, and form a new class of dyes, for which the name cyclobutenediylium dyes is proposed.
Short‐Term Aseptic Loosening of the Femoral Component in Canine Total Hip Replacement: Effects of Cementing Technique on Cement Mantle Grade (2005)

Our study suggests that advances in cementing technique may result in improvements in the radiographic grade of cement mantles. With respect to aseptic loosening of the femoral component, our data only suggest that short-term (3 months-3 years) loosening cannot be predicted by immediate postoperative radiographic evaluation of cement mantle.
Total inhibition of involucrin synthesis by a novel two-step antisense procedure Further examination of the relationship between differentiation and malignancy in hybrid cells (1992)

A novel procedure involving the sequential use of two different antisense constructs has been used to inhibit the synthesis of involucrin in a hybrid cell line formed by the fusion of a human cervical carcinoma cell with a normal human keratinocyte (ESH100P6). In this cell line, and other similar hybrids, malignancy, as measured by progressive growth in vivo, is suppressed; and it has been shown that the keratinocyte imposes its own programme of terminal differentiation on the non-malignant hybrid cell. In particular, involucrin, a precursor of one of the major components of the cornified envelope of mature keratinocytes, continues to be produced. When, however, malignant segregants arise in the hybrid cell population, the terminal differentiation programme of the keratinocyte is not expressed and involucrin ceases to be made. It seemed possible that if the synthesis of involucrin, a critical marker of keratinocyte terminal differentiation, could be completely inhibited, this differentiation programme might be disrupted, and the malignant phenotype might then reappear in the non-malignant hybrids. This question was investigated further in the present paper. Total, and specific, inhibition of involucrin synthesis was indeed achieved by a sequential two-step antisense procedure, which might provide a systematic general method for the complete inactivation of other selected target genes.
452. The chemistry of the melanins. Part I. The synthesis of 5 : 6-dihydroxyindole and related compounds (1948)

R. J. S. Beer, K. Clarke, H. G. Khorana and A. Robertson, J. Chem. Soc., 1948, 2223 DOI: 10.1039/JR9480002223
Whatʼs in the Literature (2000)

Articles reviewed are selected primarily on the basis of clinical application in hospice and palliative nursing care. Most articles are from nursing or interdisciplinary journals, although a few articles from other disciplines may occasionally be reviewed. I welcome comments on the reviews or suggestions for review articles (e-Mail:[email protected]aylor.edu).
Sliding mode control for robot formations (2003)

In this paper, we present a sliding mode controller to coordinate a team of nonholonomic robots in a leader-following configuration. We consider a two-vehicle team that is required to follow a prescribed trajectory while maintaining a desired formation. We show that under certain reasonable assumptions the formation is stable; that is, robots are able to maintain a desired distance and relative bearing. The stability properties of the closed-loop system are studied using Lyapunov theory. Numerical simulations as well as experimental results verify the validity of our approach.
New achievements in fire-safe polyurethane foams (2002)

2,3-Dibromo-2-butene-1,4-diol (DBBD) was found to be one of the most effective bromine flame retardants (FR) used to prepare fire-resistant polyurethane foams (PU). The production and application of DBBD is environmentally friendly. The compositions of DBBD with other flame retardants available on market: tri(2-chloropropyl)phosphate and 2-(2-hydroxyethoxy)ethyl-2-hydroxypropyl-3,4,5,6-tetrabromophthalate were investigated. The environmentally friendly blowing agent — pentane was applied. Computer Statgraphics 2.0 programme was applied for generation of variable quantities of flame-retardants used to prepare PU foams. The obtained foams had characteristics of good fire-resistant materials without worsening of other useful properties. Four stop-burning chemical structures: aliphatic bromine, aromatic bromine, phosphorus and also aliphatic chlorine caused synergistic effects in fire-extinguishing.
PATTERNS OF GRAFT INFILTRATION AND CYTOKINE GENE EXPRESSION DURING THE FIRST 10 DAYS OF KIDNEY TRANSPLANTATION1 (1997)

Understanding of the events preceding acute cellular rejection of kidney transplants would be useful in the development of immunosuppressive strategies to prevent rejection. Information about these events in humans has been scarce, because of the lack of early, serial, biopsy samples. We took daily fine needle aspirates from kidney allografts for the first 10 days after transplant. Samples were analyzed by morphological cytology of graft-infiltrating cells, and reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction for detection of interleukin (IL)-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, and gamma-interferon gene expression. During the first 4 days, all of the grafts developed a low-grade monocyte-rich mononuclear cell infiltrate, accompanied by IL-10 gene expression. Thereafter, the infiltrates either remained stable or intensified. Of the 13 grafts with dense infiltrates, seven developed graft dysfunction. The remaining six did not, despite significant interstitial infiltrates. Both rejecting and nonrejecting dense infiltrates were associated with a biphasic pattern of IL-2 and gamma-interferon gene expression, preceding and accompanying lymphocytic graft infiltration. Grafts that did not develop dense infiltrates had no detectable IL-2 or gamma-interferon gene expression and did not suffer cellular rejection during the study period. The development of both rejecting and nonrejecting infiltrates was strongly associated with DR mismatches between donor and recipient. IL-2 and gamma-interferon gene expression are necessary, but not sufficient, for the development of acute cellular rejection in the first 10 days of kidney transplantation, and are more closely associated with the period leading up to rejection than with the period of graft dysfunction.
Signatures of Rashba spin-orbit interaction in the superconducting proximity effect in helical Luttinger liquids (2012)

We consider the superconducting proximity effect in a helical Luttinger liquid at the edge of a two-dimensional (2D) topological insulator, and derive the low-energy Hamiltonian for an edge state tunnel-coupled to an $s$-wave superconductor. In addition to correlations between the left- and right-moving modes, the coupling can induce them inside a single mode, as the spin axis of the edge modes is not necessarily constant. This can be induced controllably in HgTe/CdTe quantum wells via the Rashba spin-orbit coupling, and is a consequence of the 2D nature of the edge-state wave function. The distinction of these two features in the proximity effect is also vital for the use of such helical modes in order to split Cooper pairs. We discuss the consequent transport signatures, and point out a long-ranged feature in a dc conductance measurement that can be used to distinguish the two types of correlations present and to determine the magnitude of the Rashba interaction.
Living cationic polymerization of styrene: new initiating systems based on added halide salts and the nature of the growing species (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTLiving cationic polymerization of styrene: new initiating systems based on added halide salts and the nature of the growing speciesToshinobu Higashimura, Yoshiyuki Ishihama, and Mitsuo SawamotoCite this: Macromolecules 1993, 26, 4, 744–751Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00056a028https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00056a028research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views787Altmetric-Citations85LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Order-Optimal Rate of Caching and Coded Multicasting with Random Demands (2015)

We consider the canonical {\em shared link network} formed by a source node, hosting a library of $m$ information messages (files), connected via a noiseless common link to $n$ destination nodes (users), each with a cache of size M files. Users request files at random and independently, according to a given a-priori demand distribution $\qv$. A coding scheme for this network consists of a caching placement (i.e., a mapping of the library files into the user caches) and delivery scheme (i.e., a mapping for the library files and user demands into a common multicast codeword) such that, after the codeword transmission, all users can retrieve their requested file. The rate of the scheme is defined as the {\em average} codeword length normalized with respect to the length of one file, where expectation is taken over the random user demands. For the same shared link network, in the case of deterministic demands, the optimal min-max rate has been characterized within a uniform bound, independent of the network parameters. In particular, fractional caching (i.e., storing file segments) and using linear network coding has been shown to provide a min-max rate reduction proportional to 1/M with respect to standard schemes such as unicasting or "naive" uncoded multicasting. The case of random demands was previously considered by applying the same order-optimal min-max scheme separately within groups of files requested with similar probability. However, no order-optimal guarantee was provided for random demands under the average rate performance criterion. In this paper, we consider the random demand setting and provide general achievability and converse results. In particular, we consider a family of schemes that combine random fractional caching according to a probability distribution $\pv$ that depends on the demand distribution $\qv$, with a linear coded delivery scheme based on ...
Genetic markers of the antigen-specific T cell receptor locus. (1985)

The restriction enzyme Eco RI reveals DNA cleavage sites that serve to distinguish the gene locus believed to encode the beta subunit of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-restricted, antigen-specific receptor of the T cell in BALB/c mice from that of SJL/J mice. A monoclonal antibody, KJ16-133, also distinguishes BALB/c and SJL/J, because it recognizes an allotypic marker present on a cell-surface heterodimer believed to function as the MHC-restricted, antigen-specific T cell receptor. This study has shown that these two markers cosegregate in a set of BALB/c X SJL/J recombinant inbred (RI) mouse strains, permitting the conclusion that they are linked to within 3 centimorgans of each other, and to the kappa locus on chromosome 6. The tight linkage between these independently derived, totally different T cell markers substantially strengthens the argument that they characterize the MHC-restricted antigen-specific receptor of the effector T cell.
Klinische und immunologische Untersuchungen mit OK-432 (Streptococcus pyogenes) zur Immuntherapie bei Krebspatienten (1978)

In a phase I study, the bacterial vaccine OK-432 (streptococcus pyogenes) was investigated in eight patients with advanced malignant tumors. Besides a fever reaction after i.v. application no toxic side effects were observed. Additionally, its therapeutic effectiveness could be demonstrated by i.v. and local therapy. There was also observed an increase of lymphocyte blastogenesis response in patients under treatment with OK-432.
MOCVD Growth and Characterization of Epitaxial Al x Ga 1− x N Films (2007)

We study the growth of AlxGa1−x N epilayers on (0001) sapphire by low-pressure MOCVD, using a low-temperature AlN buffer. By varying the input flow rates of trimethylgallium (TMGa), we obtain crack-free AlGaN films in the whole range of composition. A linear relationship between gas and solid Al content is observed. The structural properties of the layers (x = 0−1) are investigated by x-ray diffraction, atomic force microscopy (AFM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). It is found that a two-direction growth appears along the c-axis and the (101) directions for x⩾0.45. From the results of Raman spectroscopy, we suggest that the compressive stain and the lack of mobility of Al adatoms can induce the formation of (101) grains.
A Rapid and High‐Yield Synthesis of Aryloxyacetic Acid in One‐Pot under Microwave Irradiation and Phase Transfer Catalysis Conditions. (2006)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Nitric oxide synthase inhibitors for the treatment of chronic tension-type headache (2002)

Chronic tension-type headache may be caused by prolonged painful input from pericranial myofacial tissues, for example tender points, resulting in central sensitisation (increased excitability of neurons in the central nervous system). Animal studies have shown that sensitisation of pain pathways may be caused by or associated with the activation of neuronal nitric oxide synthase and the generation of nitric oxide. Furthermore, it has been shown that nitric oxide synthase inhibitors reduce central sensitisation in animal models of persistent pain. On the basis of this information, the analgesic effect of the nitric oxide synthase inhibitor L-N(G) methyl arginine hydrochloride was investigated. This drug significantly reduced headache and myofacial factors in patients with chronic tension-type headache. These studies show that nitric oxide plays a crucial role in the pathophysiology of tension-type headache. The analgesic effect of nitric oxide synthase inhibition in patients with chronic tension-type headache is probably due to a reduction in central sensitisation at the level of the spinal dorsal horn, trigeminal nucleus or both. Furthermore, inhibition of nitric oxide synthase may become a novel principle in the future treatment of chronic headache.