gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Usefulness of N-Terminal-Pro-B-Type Natriuretic Peptide as a Screening Tool for Identifying Pediatric Patients With Congenital Heart Disease (2011)

The aim of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of N-terminal-pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) as a screening tool in the diagnosis of congenital heart disease (CHD) among pediatric patients. N-terminal-pro-B-type natriuretic peptide concentrations were analyzed in 119 pediatric patients with CHD and 33 healthy pediatric patients. N-terminal-pro-B-type natriuretic peptide levels in normal patients (mean, 120; range: 60–380 pg/mL) differed significantly from CHD patients with acyanotic heart diseases (mean, 372; range: 60–3000 pg/mL, P<0.001) and cyanotic heart diseases (mean, 1023; range: 182–3000 pg/mL, P<0.001). The diagnostic performance of NT-proBNP to differentiate patients with and without CHD was high with an area under curve of 0.79. At a cut-off value of 98 pg/mL, the sensitivity was 82% and the specificity was 46%. N-terminal-pro-B-type natriuretic peptide measurement may be a valuable tool in screening pediatric patients for CHD.
A Theory of Unsupervised Speech Recognition (2023)

Unsupervised speech recognition (ASR-U) is the problem of learning automatic speech recognition (ASR) systems from unpaired speech-only and text-only corpora. While various algorithms exist to solve this problem, a theoretical framework is missing from studying their properties and addressing such issues as sensitivity to hyperparameters and training instability. In this paper, we proposed a general theoretical framework to study the properties of ASR-U systems based on random matrix theory and the theory of neural tangent kernels. Such a framework allows us to prove various learnability conditions and sample complexity bounds of ASR-U. Extensive ASR-U experiments on synthetic languages with three classes of transition graphs provide strong empirical evidence for our theory (code available at cactuswiththoughts/UnsupASRTheory.git).
Strengthening of metallic alloys with nanometer-size oxide dispersions (2023)

Austenitic stainless steels and nickel-base alloys containing, by wt. %, 0.1 to 3.0% V, 0.01 to 0.08% C, 0.01 to 0.5% N, 0.05% max. each of Al and Ti, and 0.005 to 0.10% O, are strengthened and ductility retained by atomization of a metal melt under cover of an inert gas with added oxygen to form approximately 8 nanometer-size hollow oxides within the alloy grains and, when the alloy is aged, strengthened by precipitation of carbides and nitrides nucleated by the hollow oxides. Added strengthening is achieved by nitrogen solid solution strengthening and by the effect of solid oxides precipitated along and pinning grain boundaries to provide temperature-stabilization and refinement of the alloy grains.
High-throughput screening for discovery of benchtop separations systems for selected rare earth elements (2020)

Rare earth (RE) elements (scandium, yttrium, and the lanthanides) are critical for their role in sustainable energy technologies. Problems with their supply chain have motivated research to improve separations methods to recycle these elements from end of life technology. Toward this goal, we report the synthesis and characterization of the ligand tris[(1-hydroxy-2-oxo-1,2-dihydropyridine-3-carboxamido)ethyl]amine, H<sub>3</sub>1·TFA (TFA = trifluoroacetic acid), and complexes 1·RE (RE = La, Nd, Dy). A high-throughput experimentation (HTE) screen was developed to quantitatively determine the precipitation of 1·RE as a function of pH as well as equivalents of H<sub>3</sub>1·TFA. This method rapidly determines optimal conditions for the separation of RE mixtures, while minimizing materials consumption. The HTE-predicted conditions are used to achieve the lab-scale separation of Nd/Dy (SF<sub>Nd/Dy</sub> = 213 ± 34) and La/Nd (SF<sub>La/Nd</sub> = 16.2 ± 0.2) mixtures in acidic aqueous media.
Reconfigurable Topography for Rapid Solution Processing of Transparent Conductors (2013)

Cost-effective materials for transparent conducting electrodes are essential for many devices used in clean energy production and consumer electronics. Here we report a technique for non-lithographic patterning of silver nanowires on flexible substrates from solution via microcontact transfer printing using donor substrates with reconfigurable topography. This approach is a highly scalable fabrication strategy for high performance transparent conductors.
Organization of Teams in Concurrent Engineering (1994)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction The Use of Teams Experimental Evaluation Summary Bibliography
Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) for the primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular diseases (2020)

Objectives This is a protocol for a Cochrane Review (intervention). The objectives are as follows: To determine the effectiveness of Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) for the primary and secondary prevention of CVD.
Efficient high-current field emission from arrays of CNT columns (2009)

At present carbon nanotubes (CNT) are the most prospective cathode material for triode applications because of their strong field emission (FE) at low electric fields. The FE homogeneity of flat CNT cathodes, however, is still limited by their rather fast and uncontrolled growth which usually leads to strongly varying field enhancement and current carrying capability of the individual emitters. Therefore, patches with multiple emitters might provide a suitable strategy to improve the homogeneity and current stability of CNT cathodes. Accordingly, structured arrays of CNT based columns on flat n-Si substrates were fabricated applying the atmospheric-pressure CVD method with a volatile catalyst source (ferrocene/xylene mixture). Substrates of 6x6 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> size and 4 quadrants of 2x2 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> with varying patch diameter and two pitch sizes were structured by means of photolithography and selective chemical etching of the thermal 0.3 mum thick SiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> oxide layer. Preferential growth of CNT in the opened windows of the SiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> layer was achieved by adjusting the parameters of the synthesis process, i.e. the temperature in the reaction zone, the growth time, the concentration of the catalyst in the feeding solution, the gas-carrier flow rate etc. as described elsewhere. The resulting multiwall CNT for growth times of 30 s and 2 min formed vertically aligned arrays of uniform columns of about 20 mum and 50 mum net height with a pitch to patch ratio of 160/50, 100/50, 100/30 and 100/10 (mum). Obviously, preferential CNT column growth embedded in a floor of shorter CNT is fairly achieved.
High energy yield bifacial spectrum-splitting photovoltaic system (2020)

In this paper a photovoltaic system is proposed that achieves high energy yield by integrating bifacial silicon cells into a spectrum-splitting module. Spectrum splitting is accomplished using volume holographic optical elements to spectrally divide sunlight onto an array of photovoltaic cells with different bandgap energies. Light that is reflected from the ground surface onto the rear side of the module is converted by the bifacial silicon cells. The energy yield of the system is optimized by tuning the volume holographic element parameters, such as film thickness, index modulation, and construction point source positions. An example is presented for utility-scale illumination parameters in Tucson, Arizona, that attains an energy yield of $1010\frac{{{ kw}\cdot { hr}}}{{{ yr}\cdot{{ m}^2}}}$1010kw⋅hryr⋅m<sup>2</sup>, which is 32.8% of the incident solar insolation.
Highly specific cytochrome P450-like enzymes for all-trans-retinoic acid in T47D human breast cancer cells. (1996)

When human breast cancer T47D cells were treated with all-trans-retinoic acid (RA), the RA 4- and 18-hydroxylase activities were induced in microsomes in a time-dependent manner, indicating that these cells readily metabolized RA into more polar compounds, such as all-trans-4-hydroxy-RA and all-trans-18-hydroxy-RA. In contrast, T47D cells treated for 12 h with xenobiotics, such as phenobarbital, beta-naphthoflavone, 3-methylcholanthrene, and dimethylsulfoxide, showed lower levels of catalytic activities for 4- and 18-hydroxylases. The induction of 4- and 18-hydroxylase activities appears to be regulated at the level of transcriptional control (basal level). Competitive assays demonstrated that inhibitors and substrates for 1A, 2A, 3A, 2B, and 2C cytochrome P450 (P450 subfamilies), all-trans-retinol, and all-trans-retinal showed no inhibition of RA metabolism, but other retinoic acid derivatives competed highly with RA. The RA-inducible 4- and 18-hydroxylases showed high specificity for RA and high levels of catalytic activities, with Km and maximum velocity values for 4-hydroxylase equal to 99 nmol/L and 0.26 pmol/min.mg protein, respectively, and those for 18-hydroxylase equal to 65 nmol/L and 0.18 pmol/min.mg protein. Cell-free metabolism of RA required microsomes from RA-treated cells and NADPH, and was inhibited by liarozole, an inhibitor of P450. These data suggest that RA-inducible 4- and 18-hydroxylases may be novel P450 isozymes.
Brain magnetic resonance image segmentation combined boundary and Markov random field (2015)

Objective Based on the existing medical image segmentation methods for brain magnetic resonance image(MRI),taking the Alzheimer's disease(AD) data as the example, a method based on boundary and Markov random field(MRF),combined with Lie algebra and flow field theory, is proposed for image segmentation and registration. Methods The segmentation based on boundary was firstly used to remove skull and non-organization, and then, a MRF was used to segment the brain tissue, and finally combining Lie algebras with flow field theory, the standard registration was carried out for the images. The results were compared with the results of the most common statistical parametric mapping- voxel based morphometry. Results The comparative analysis of the AD patients' brain MRI data was more effective in segmenting brain tissue and locating brain activation areas. Conclusion The proposed method can significantly improve the segmentation effect.
Robotics and Automation: Guest Editor's Introduction (1982)

Presents the guest editorial for this issue of the publication.
Sound Source Detection, Localization and Classification using Consecutive Ensemble of CRNN Models (2019)

In this paper, we describe our method for DCASE2019 task 3: Sound Event Localization and Detection (SELD). We use four CRNN SELDnet-like single output models which run in a consecutive manner to recover all possible information of occurring events. We decompose the SELD task into estimating number of active sources, estimating direction of arrival of a single source, estimating direction of arrival of the second source where the direction of the first one is known and a multi-label classification task. We use custom consecutive ensemble to predict events' onset, offset, direction of arrival and class. The proposed approach is evaluated on the TAU Spatial Sound Events 2019 -Ambisonic and it is compared with other participants' submissions.
Control of temperature gradients and distortion of ion projection lithography masks (1995)

In ion projection lithography a stencil mask is back ‘‘illuminated’’ by a broad beam of ions, and its demagnified image (∼3×) is projected onto a resist covered substrate. The stencil mask that will be used in the next generation systems consists of a 120-mm-diam 2.5-μm-thick single crystal silicon membrane etched in a 150-mm-diam wafer whose edge acts as part of a supporting frame. The main sources of distortion are thought to be stress relief due to the cutting of holes and the thermal expansion due to mask heating by the incident ions. In this paper we calculate the temperature distribution in the mask for the expected heat input by the beam, the resulting mask distortion, and the effect of optimized radiation cooling. The central 100-mm-diam area of an unpatterned membrane is assumed to be irradiated with an energy input of 3.3 mW/cm. The edge of the membrane at the frame is assumed to be at room temperature and held rigidly. Heat is lost by radiation and by conduction. An effective method of reducing temperature gradient in the membrane is to place a cooled cylinder above the mask surrounding the ion beam. The expected temperature profiles for various sample emissivities as well as the corresponding distortion (radial displacement of the mask membrane) are computed with and without the cooled cylinder. These computations are done for various geometries and cylinder temperatures. For example, in a membrane of emissivity 0.55 with a cylinder, 6.5 cm high 13 cm in diameter, placed 3.2 cm above the mask and cooled to 273 K, the temperature is uniform around 300 K to better than ±1.5 K and the expected mask distortion is then less than ±10 nm. Since the ion beam will be incident on the mask continuously, the cooling cylinder will be effective in reducing thermal distortion to well below the permitted limit.
Sterilization of Biologic Scaffold Materials (2006)

Abstract Biologic materials are currently used for tissue and organ repair and are typically regulated as medical devices and subjected to established sterilization guidelines. Sterilization of biologic materials involves unique considerations that may have an impact on their performance and clinical utility. This article discusses the advantages, disadvantages, and physical effects upon synthetic and naturally occurring materials of four commonly used methods of sterilization: heat, ethylene oxide, gamma irradiation, and electron beam irradiation. Alternative methods of sterilization and disinfection are briefly discussed, with emphasis on methods typically used for naturally occurring biomaterials. The majority of the biologic materials currently available for clinical use are sterilized by exposure to either ethylene oxide (ETO) or ionizing radiation (IR). Although there are dose‐dependent effects associated with both ETO and IR, effective doses can be used with minimal effects upon the structure and function of naturally occurring biologic materials.
High and Low Throughput Screens with Root-knot Nematodes <em>Meloidogyne spp.</em> (2012)

Root-knot nematodes (genus Meloidogyne) are obligate plant parasites. They are extremely polyphagous and considered one of the most economically important plant parasitic nematodes. The microscopic second-stage juvenile (J2), molted once in the egg, is the infective stage. The J2s hatch from the eggs, move freely in the soil within a film of water, and locate root tips of suitable plant species. After penetrating the plant root, they migrate towards the vascular cylinder where they establish a feeding site and initiate feeding using their stylets. The multicellular feeding site is comprised of several enlarged multinuclear cells called 'giant cells' which are formed from cells that underwent karyokinesis (repeated mitosis) without cytokinesis. Neighboring pericycle cells divide and enlarge in size giving rise to a typical gall or root knot, the characteristic symptom of root-knot nematode infection. Once feeding is initiated, J2s become sedentary and undergo three additional molts to become adults. The adult female lays 150-250 eggs in a gelatinous matrix on or below the surface of the root. From the eggs new infective J2s hatch and start a new cycle. The root-knot nematode life cycle is completed in 4-6 weeks at 26-28°C. Here we present the traditional protocol to infect plants, grown in pots, with root-knot nematodes and two methods for high-throughput assays. The first high-throughput method is used for plants with small seeds such as tomato while the second is for plants with large seeds such as cowpea and common bean. Large seeds support extended seedling growth with minimal nutrient supplement. The first high throughput assay utilizes seedlings grown in sand in trays while in the second assay plants are grown in pouches in the absence of soil. The seedling growth pouch is made of a 15.5 x 12.5cm paper wick, folded at the top to form a 2-cm-deep trough in which the seed or seedling is placed. The paper wick is contained inside a transparent plastic pouch. These growth pouches allow direct observation of nematode infection symptoms, galling of roots and egg mass production, under the surface of a transparent pouch. Both methods allow the use of the screened plants, after phenotyping, for crossing or seed production. An additional advantage of the use of growth pouches is the small space requirement because pouches are stored in plastic hanging folders arranged in racks.
Clinical Expertise Is Core to an Evidence-Based Approach to Auditory Processing Disorder: A Reply to Neijenhuis et al. 2019 (2019)

The opinion article "An Evidence-based Perspective on Misconceptions Regarding Pediatric Auditory Processing Disorder" by Neijenhuis et al. (1) presents a distorted view of the evidence-based approach used in medicine. The authors focus on the amorphous non-diagnostic entity "listening difficulties" not auditory processing disorder (APD) and create confusion that could jeopardize clinical services to individuals with APD. In our perspective article, we rebut Neijenhuis et al. (1), and more importantly, we present a rationale for evidence-based practice founded on the premise that research on APD is only clinically applicable when conducted on clinical populations diagnosed with APD.
Learning From Errors: Detecting Cross-Technology Interference in WiFi Networks (2018)

In this paper, we show that inter-technology interference can be recognized using commodity WiFi devices by monitoring the statistics of receiver errors. Indeed, while for WiFi standard frames the error probability varies during the frame reception in different frame fields (PHY, MAC headers, and payloads) protected with heterogeneous coding, errors may appear randomly at any point during the time the demodulator is trying to receive an exogenous interfering signal. We thus detect and identify cross-technology interference on off-the-shelf WiFi cards by monitoring the sequence of receiver errors (bad PLCP, bad FCS, invalid headers, etc.) and propose two methods to recognize the source of interference based on artificial neural networks and hidden Markov chains. The result is quite impressive, reaching an average accuracy of over 95% in recognizing ZigBee, microwave, and LTE (in unlicensed spectrum) interference.
Latent storage-enhanced distributed temperature control in hydrogen microreactors (2013)

Microchannel catalytic plate reactors are a promising route for converting methane from geographically distributed sources (e.g., shale gas deposits) to hydrogen or liquid transportation fuels. Their capacity is easily scalable by increasing the number of units and thus well suited to distributed production needs. However, miniaturization inevitably reduces the number of available actuators and sensors, and the control of these inherently distributed systems presents challenges. In the present paper, we concentrate on autothermal microchannel reactors producing hydrogen via methane-steam reforming, and introduce a novel temperature control strategy based on the use of a layer of phase-change material (PCM) confined between the reactor plates. The PCM layer, which mitigates temperature excursions through melting-solidification occurring due to fluctuations in hydrogen production rate, acts as the distributed tier of a hierarchical control structure. The supervisory layer consists of a model-based feedforward controller. We also introduce a novel stochastic optimization method for selecting the PCM layer thickness (i.e., for distributed controller “tuning”). The proposed approach is tested in simulations carried out on a detailed 2D reactor model, showing excellent disturbance rejection performance.
A longitudinal trajectory tracking method with L1 adaptive control for hypersonic reentry vehicles (2019)

This paper presents a longitudinal trajectory tracking scheme with [Formula: see text] adaptive control for hypersonic reentry vehicles (HRVs). A linear time-varying (LTV) multiple input multiple output (MIMO) model, in which influences of lateral states, earth rotation, and linearization are considered as model uncertainties, is derived based on state and input errors of longitudinal model. The normalization of error model is used to reduce differences of magnitude orders in state and input matrix elements which may affect the stability of [Formula: see text] adaptive controller. In order to achieve an accurate tracking performance, a linear quadratic regulator (LQR) controller is employed as the baseline controller, augmented with an [Formula: see text] adaptive controller to attenuate the matched and unmatched uncertainties. Based on the augmented controller, the optimization process is executed with the estimate of uncertainties at the same time. The simulation results of LQR controller, [Formula: see text] augmentation controller and robust [Formula: see text] controller show that the [Formula: see text] adaptive control method can reduce the terminal and integral of squared state errors validly. Terminal state errors in all simulation scenarios are less than 2.5m/s, 1e-3 and 10m, respectively, which reflects its effectiveness in increasing robustness of baseline controller.
Laparoscopic Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass versus Sleeve Gastrectomy for Obese Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: A Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials (2015)

We aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass versus sleeve gastrectomy for obese patients with Type 2 diabetes. We searched the Cochrane Library, PubMed, EMBASE, Google Scholar, and the Chinese Wan fang database up to October 2013. Randomized controlled trials regarding the efficacy and safety of laparoscopic gastric bypass versus sleeve gastrectomy for obese diabetic patients were included. Two review authors independently abstracted data and assessed the risk of bias. The mean difference and relative risk were estimated with 95 per cent confidence intervals. Four randomized controlled trials met inclusion criteria. There was no significant difference between gastric bypass and sleeve gastrectomy groups with regard to glycosylated hemoglobin (mean difference [MD], 0.41%; 95% confidence interval [CI], -0.09 to 0.91), fasting plasma glucose (standardized MD, 0.61 mg/mL; 95% CI, -0.10 to 1.32), the numbers of subjects using oral antihyperglycemic medications and insulin (relative rate [RR], 1.53; 95% CI, 0.45 to 5.24; RR, 1.44; 95% CI, 0.47 to 4.39, respectively), body weight (MD, 0.42 kg; 95% CI, -5.01 to 5.85), body mass index (MD, 0.85 kg/m(2); 95% CI, 0.13 to 1.58), or waist circumference (MD, 1.59 cm; 95% CI, -3.02 to 6.19). However, cardiovascular risk was more significantly lessened in the gastric bypass group. Our meta-analysis demonstrated that compared with laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy, Roux-en-Y gastric bypass offers equal efficacy for treatment of diabetes in obese patients but is associated with a significantly decreased cardiovascular risk.