gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Does a Triple-Wedge, Broach-Only Stem Design Reduce Early Postoperative Fracture in Anterior Total Hip Arthroplasty? (2019)

This triple-wedge broach-only implant demonstrated low rates of early perioperative femoral complications in primary THA via a direct anterior approach. The authors will continue to monitor the longer-term survival and patient outcomes with this implant.
A fast arc fault detection method for AC solid state power controllers in MEA (2018)

Arc fault detection is desperately required in Solid State Power Controllers (SSPC) in addition to their fundamental functions because arcs will provoke growing harm and threat to aircraft safety. Experimental study has been done to obtain the faulted current data. In order to improve the detection speed and accuracy, two fast arc fault detection methods have been proposed in this paper with the analysis of only half cycle data. Both Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) and Wavelet Packets Decomposition (WPD) have been adopted to distinguish arc fault currents from normal operation currents. Analysis results show that Alternating Current (AC) arcs can be effectively and accurately detected with the proposed half cycle data based methods. Moreover, experimental verification results have also been provided.
Laser-lithographically written micron-wide superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors (2022)

Abstract We demonstrate the fabrication of micron-wide tungsten silicide superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors on a silicon substrate using laser lithography. We show saturated internal detection efficiencies with wire widths ranging from 0.59 µ m to 1.43 µ m under illumination at 1550 nm. We demonstrate both straight wires, as well as meandered structures. Single-photon sensitivity is shown in devices up to 4 mm in length. Laser-lithographically written devices allow for fast and easy structuring of large areas while maintaining a saturated internal efficiency for wire widths around 1 µ m.
Embedded Flash technologies and their applications: Status &amp; outlook (2011)

In the last two decades embedded Flash technologies took over a dominating role in several IC market segments. Two key application areas driving leading edge embedded Flash technologies and forming the majority of the corresponding market volume are automotive microcontrollers (μCs) and smartcards. This paper gives an overview of these technologies, their applications, requirements, key challenges as well as future outlook.
Minimax Estimators Dominating the Least-Squares Estimator (2006)

We present several analytical and numerical results demonstrating the superiority of minimax estimators over least-squares (LS) estimation. We show that, for any bounded parameter set, a linear minimax estimator achieves lower mean-squared error than the LS estimator, over the entire parameter set. When a parameter set is unknown, we propose to estimate the parameter set from the data, and show that in many cases, the obtained blind minimax estimator still dominates the LS estimator. The results are related to and compared with other LS-dominating estimators, such as the James-Stein estimator.
Conservation of Transmission Phenotype of <I>Anaplasma marginale</I> (Rickettsiales: Anaplasmataceae) Strains Among <I>Dermacentor</I> and <I>Rhipicephalus</I> Ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) (2007)

Before the eradication of Boophilus ticks from the United States, Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus (Canestrini) and Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) annulatus (Say) were important biological vectors of the cattle pathogen Anaplasma marginale Theiler. In the absence of Boophilus ticks, A. marginale continues to be transmitted by Dermacentor ticks. However, a few U.S. strains are not transmissible by Dermacentor andersoni Stiles, Dermacentor variabilis (Say), or both, raising the question of how these strains evolved and how they are maintained. We hypothesize that the U.S. non-Dermacentor-transmissible strains of A. marginale were formerly Boophilus-transmitted strains that have been maintained by a combination of persistent infection and mechanical transmission since the eradication of their biological vector from the United States. To test this hypothesis, we attempted to transmit a well-documented non-Dermacentor-transmissible A. marginale strain (Florida), by using D. andersoni and the two Boophilus species that formerly occurred in the United States. For comparison, we examined tick-borne transmission of a strain of A. marginale (Puerto Rico), which has previously been shown to be transmissible by both D. andersoni and B. microplus. All three species of tick transmitted the Puerto Rico strain, and immunohistochemical (IHC) analysis confirmed the presence ofA. marginale colonies in their salivary glands. All three tick species failed to transmit the Florida strain. Although both D. andersoni and B. microplus acquired transient midgut and salivary gland infections after acquisition feeding, we were unable to detect colonies of the Florida strain in the salivary glands with IHC. This demonstrates that the transmission phenotype ofA. marginale strains is conserved among tick species, and it suggests that the failure of the Florida strain to be transmitted by ticks is related to a general inability to efficiently invade or replicate in tick cells, rather than to a failure to invade or replicate in cells of a specific tick species.
Search forTandCPViolation inB0−B¯0Mixing with Inclusive Dilepton Events (2002)

We report the results of a search for T and CP violation in B0-B-0 mixing using an inclusive dilepton sample collected by the BABAR experiment at the PEP-II B Factory. The asymmetry between l+l+ and l-l- events allows us to compare the probabilities for B-0-->B0 and B0-->B-0 oscillations and thus probe T and CP invariance. Using a sample of 23 x 10(6) BB- pairs, we measure a same-sign dilepton asymmetry of A(T/CP) = [0.5+/-1.2(stat)+/-1.4(syst)]%. For the modulus of the ratio of complex mixing parameters p and q, we obtain q/p = 0.998+/-0.006(stat)+/-0.007(syst).
Combined covariance reductions for Kalman filter composite clocks (2012)

The impact of combining two covariance matrix reduction methods on the resulting Kalman&#13;\nfilter timescale estimates and covariances is addressed. The Brown and Greenhall reduction&#13;\noperations commute, and the combination of both reductions gives the same Kalman filter&#13;\nestimates as the Greenhall reduction alone. The benefit of combining both methods is that the&#13;\nGreenhall reduced covariances are further reduced in the positive semi-definite sense. A&#13;\nnumerical example demonstrates the combined reduction by calculating the trace of the&#13;\noriginal and reduced covariance matrices. It is pointed out that the corrected clock offsets can&#13;\nfollow the system time offset with different precisions, but the mutual disagreements of the&#13;\ncorrected time offsets (called synchronization error) can be identical.
A Novel Linker Methodology for the Synthesis of Tailored Conjugate Vaccines Composed of Complex Carbohydrate Antigens and Specific TH‐Cell Peptide Epitopes (2008)

Pathogenic organisms or oncogenically transformed cells often express complex carbohydrate structures at their cell surface, which are viable targets for active immunotherapy. We describe here a novel, immunologically neutral, linker methodology for the efficient preparation of highly defined vaccine conjugates that combine complex saccharide antigens with specific TH-cell peptide epitopes. This novel heterobifunctional approach was employed for the conjugation of a (1-->2)-beta-mannan trisaccharide from the pathogenic fungus Candida albicans as well as the carbohydrate portion of tumor-associated ganglioside GM2 to a TH-cell peptide epitope derived from the murine 60 kDa self heat-shock protein (hsp60). Moreover, the linkage chemistry has proven well suited for the synthesis of more complex target structures such as a biotinylated glycopeptide, a three component vaccine containing an immunostimulatory peptide epitope from interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta), and for the conjugation of complex carbohydrates to carrier proteins such as bovine serum albumin.
Monitoring IOR/EOR Onshore with Frequent Time-Lapse Seismic - Status and Survey Adaptations for the Middle East (2016)

Abstract IOR/EOR stimulation is a complex process that requires frequent areal monitoring to optimize recovery. On-demand seismic surveys are a suitable solution if cost, quality, environmental, and efficiency conditions are met. In this paper, we discuss the state of the art. We show that frequent buried seismic has the necessary quality and was able to add value to steam injection operations at a heavy oil field in Canada. However, in its current form, buried seismic is too expensive and intrusive. That is why, for future deployments, we seek cost and footprint reductions through judicious reduction of survey frequency (from days to weeks or months apart) and novel survey designs such as a buried cross-spread with Distributed Acoustic Sensing (DAS) receivers and movable subsurface sources. We are in the process of maturing the buried cross-spread solution. Its application to some extreme settings found in the Middle East (deep reservoirs with weak seismic expression under thick and complex overburden) is expected to be challenging. A promising alternative already available is 4D VSP with DAS in multiple wells. This solution requires sufficient surface access, fiber optic cables in wells, and skillful seismic processing.
Minimal Areas and Community Structures of Pinus densiflora Forests and Quercus mongolica Forests (1995)

A comparative study on the minimal areas and the community structures in pine IPinus densiflora) and oak (Quercus mongolica) frests was carried out. Basic tools used in the present study were species diversity and classical ayntaxonomy (Z.-M. School) of the phytocoenosis. Total 120 nest-quadrats in 40 stands situated at the syngeographical region of the Lindero-Quercion mongolicae were investigated. Each stand was classified on the basis of species combination, and species abundance was computed with net contribution degree (NCD). Composition ratio of plant-from and rate of actual species diversity (ASD) to syntaxa were computed for better interpretation of the minimal areas. Four syntaxa were structured: Saso-Quercetum mongolicae, Viola albida-Quercus mongolica community, Carex hummilis-Pinus densiflora community and Juniperus rigida-Pinus densiflora community. Their minimal areas were determined as 305, 196, 169, and 81 ㎡, respectively. Aconsistent regularity between species composition ratio and community structure in the multi-layered plant community was hardly found. The minimal areas increased linearly with increasing rate of ASD, and a phytocoenosis developed by diverse arboreta in the understory and shrub-layer should be investigated with larger sampling sizes.
Phase behavior of lipid mixtures based on human ceramides: coexistence of crystalline and liquid phases (2001)

The lipid regions in the outermost layer of the skin (stratum corneum) form the main barrier for diffusion of substances through the skin. In this layer the main lipid classes are ceramides, cholesterol (CHOL), and FFA. Previous studies revealed a coexistence of two crystalline lamellar phases with periodicities of approximately 13 nm (referred to as long periodicity phase) and 6 nm (short periodicity phase). Additional studies showed that lipid mixtures prepared with isolated pig ceramides (pigCER) mimic lipid phase behavior in stratum corneum closely. Because the molecular structure of pigCER differs in some important aspects from that of human ceramides (HCER), in the present study the phase behavior of mixtures prepared with HCER has been examined. Phase behavior studies of mixtures based on HCER revealed that in CHOL:HCER mixtures the long periodicity phase dominates. In the absence of HCER1 the short periodicity phase is dominant. Addition of FFA promotes the formation of the short periodicity phase and induces a transition from a hexagonal sublattice to an orthorhombic sublattice. Furthermore, the presence of FFA promotes the formation of a liquid phase. Finally, cholesterol sulfate, a minor but important lipid in the stratum corneum, reduces the amount of cholesterol that phase separates in crystalline domains. From these observations it can be concluded that the phase behavior of mixtures prepared from HCER differs in some important aspects from that prepared from pigCER. The most prevalent differences are the following: i) the addition of FFA promotes the formation of the short periodicity phase; and ii) liquid lateral packing is obviously present in CHOL:HCER:FFA mixtures. These changes in phase behavior might be due to a larger amount of linoleic acid moiety in HCER mixtures compared with that in pigCER mixtures.
Effects of Shear Stress and Pressure Drop Rate on Microcellular Foaming Process (2001)

The effect of shear stress and pressure drop rate on cell nucleation density during the foaming process has been studied using a foaming process simulator. The major part of this simulator is a test chamber that can be temperature controlled and pressurized with gas. Shear stress can be applied to the polymer melt through a rotor. With this simulator, the effects of shear stress and pressure drop rate can be investigated separately. The three materials tested were PS, unfilled HDPE, and HDPE filled with 5% talc. It was found that both shear stress and pressure drop rate have significant effect on cell nucleation density, although shear stress is generally dominant. The effect of shear stress or pressure drop rate becomes more critical when the saturation pressure is low. The transition pressure is about 1500 psi with PS or unfilled HDPE. The transition pressure reduces to about 500 psi with the filled HDPE, since the filler acts as a nucleation agent and reduces the requirement on saturation pressure for sufficient nucleation.
OPTICAL AND ELECTROMAGNETIC METHODS OF POSITION RECOGNITION IN SPACE – WHICH IS BETTER (2008)

The use of surgical navigation in computer assisted or image guided procedures requires the precise measurement of the spatial position of surgical instruments. Investigations of several physical principles have turned out that two technologies are best feasible for application in clinical routines:



1. optical technology,

2. electromagnetic technology.



Available systems based on either principle deliver measurement information for the 3D-position of a surgical instrument, expressed by the x-y-z coordinates of its tip, and for its 3D-orientation, described by the direction of the instrument axis towards the tip. It is therefore common terminology to describe such measurement systems as 3D/6D digitizing or localizing systems.

The presentation will describe basic principles of both technologies, including their main technical features and the design of key components such as rigid bodies for optical systems and sensor coils for electromagnetic systems. The survey includes an overview of known challenges and problems, and how commercial systems cope with these. A comparison of both technologies outlines the advantages and drawbacks in different applications as well as possible future improvements. It leads to the conclusion that both technologies will co-exist for the foreseeable future.
An Fe(CO)5‐Thermolysis‐Based Process for the Preparation of Polymer@Iron Composite Powders with High Corrosion Resistance (2012)

Abstract A new method for the preparation of metal–polymer composite materials is described. This new approach of doping of metals is based on the thermolysis of a zero‐valent complex. Specifically, several polymer@Fe‐composite powders were prepared and fully characterized. Iron doped with polydimethylsiloxane showed remarkable stability to air oxidation and to corrosion under simulated seawater conditions.
Fabrication of silicon oxynitride masks for x-ray lithography (1979)

The fabrication of optically transparent silicon oxynitride x-ray masks using CVD process on silicon is reported in this paper. The etch rate in the ethylenediamine, pyrocatechol, and water mixture used for substrate removal has shown a strong dependence on the layer composition. Because of the notable etch rate of SixOyNz films, it is of advantage to cover them with a thin (?500 Å) Si3N4 layer. Thin Si3N4/SixOyNz/Si3N4 composite membrane foils have been fabricated with a total thickness of 6000 Å and a window size of 2.5×2.5 cm2. Fizeau interference measurements showed that the window geometry has a significant influence on the total geometrical distortion of the thin mask membrane.
Random Access Design for UMTS Air-Interface Evolution (2007)

Comprehensive long term evolution of the Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) specifications is currently ongoing to provide significant improvement over the current release. Important goals for the evolved system include significantly improved system capacity and coverage, low latency, reduced operating costs, multi-antenna support, flexible bandwidth operations and seamless integration with existing systems. To ensure low latency, users must be able to establish a connection to the network quickly. This paper provides a preliminary design and procedure for the random access channel used to establish a connection when the mobile is not yet time-synchronized to the network in the uplink.
Development of continuous processes for vegetable oil alcoholysis in microfluidic devices (2013)

The vegetable oil alcoholysis system is complex due in particular to phase equilibrium changes as well as simultaneous presence of various phenomena (mixing, heat and mass transfers, principal and competitive reactions) which have to be precisely controlled. According to the reaction scheme and the thermokinetic properties, the limits of current batch or semi-batch processes can be overcome by carrying out continuous processes. Therefore, for transposition to a continuous process, microreactors which enable to acquire numerous data, appear as the appropriate tool. Moreover, the scale-up of this technology from laboratory to industrial scale can be rapidly implemented by just numbering up these microreactors. Recently, many studies examining the continuous methanolysis of vegetable oil in the presence of homogeneous catalysts to produce biodiesel were reported in literature. In our work, we were interested in the transesterification reaction of sunflower oil with ethanol, which leads to ethyl esters, used to date for applications principally in food and cosmetic industry. To open the application field to biofuels (to substitute current fuels resulting from fossil resources), the process efficiency has to be developed to be economically profitable. The batch reaction of vegetable oil ethanolysis was transposed to a micro-scaled continuous device (PFA tube of 508 μm internal diameter), inducing better heat and mass transfer. Study of the influence of the operational conditions (reactants flow, initial ethanol to oil molar ratio, temperature...) revealed the favourable reaction parameters necessary to reach high conversions and yields. In these conditions, we showed the possibility of acquiring kinetic data at the first seconds of the reaction, which was not feasible in a conventional batch process. To acquire data in batch and microreactors, an on-line analysis method by Near InfraRed (NIR) spectroscopy was developed by using gas chromatography as a reference method. PLS models were then set up to quantify the major compounds contents on-line during the transesterification reaction of high oleic sunflower oil with ethanol. These data were used to model occurring phenomena and to determine kinetic constants and transfer coefficients. The model was subsequently used to simulate reactions with other operational conditions and enabled to work on the reaction products separation.
Effectiveness of Local Delivery of Alendronate in Reducing Alveolar Bone Loss Following Periodontal Surgery in Rats (2000)

This study implies that topical delivery of alendronate at the time of surgery reduces bone loss in periodontal procedures involving mucoperiosteal flap surgery. The most effective dose is 200 microg for topical delivery at the surgical site and 400 microg for distant sites.
Preventing catheter-related infections in cancer patients: a review of current strategies (2020)

<b>Introduction</b>: Central line-associated bloodstream infections (CLABSI) are a frequent cause of healthcare-associated infections, increasing healthcare costs and decreasing the quality of life for critically and chronically ill patients such as those with cancer. These infections are largely preventable and have been significantly reduced throughout the United States. However, further reduction of CLABSI requires continued innovation in preventive strategies.<b>Areas covered</b>: We provide an overview of the recent medical literature on catheter-related infections among cancer patients, discussing epidemiology, risk factors, and pathogenesis of CLABSI with a focus on the newest and current preventive measures. The data discussed here were retrieved mainly from clinical trials, meta-analyses, and systematic reviews published in the English language using a MEDLINE database search from 1 January 1990 until the end of December 2019.<b>Expert opinion</b>: The growing impact of CLABSI on the healthcare setting and mortality and morbidity rates in cancer patients calls for novel technologies for preventing central line-related infections. Advances in antimicrobial lock therapy are not limited to salvage therapy but have also provided a novel and promising prophylactic approach to CLABSI. Also, the use of antimicrobial-coated catheters with chlorhexidine-impregnated dressings, along with the application of insertion and maintenance bundles, is an effective and cost-effective approach for preventing central line-related infections.
High Performance Recuperator With Oblique Wavy Walls (2008)

A series of numerical simulation of the flow and heat transfer in modeled counterflow heat exchangers with oblique wavy walls has been made toward optimal shape design of recuperators. The effects of oblique angles and amplitudes of the wavy walls are systematically evaluated, and the heat transfer and pressure loss characteristics are investigated. It is found that counter-rotating streamwise vortices are induced by the wavy walls, and the flow field has been drastically modified due to the intense secondary flow. By using the optimum set of oblique angle and wave amplitude, significant heat transfer enhancement has been achieved at the cost of relatively small pressure loss, and the j∕f factor becomes much larger than that of straight square duct or conventional compact recuperators. When thermal coupling of hot and cold fluid passages is considered, the heat transfer is found to be strongly dependent on the arrangement of counterflow passages. The total heat transfer surface area required for a given pumping power and heat transfer rate can be reduced by more than 60% if compared to the straight square duct.
Preparation of monoclonal antibodies against glycoprotein IIIa of human platelets (1984)

Monoclonal antibodies against purified glycoprotein IIIa (GPIIIa) of human platelet membranes have been obtained. These antibodies, except one, are able to bind to intact platelets; the exception is M108/p98 antibody which recognizes a new epitope, unmasked after proteolysis of GPIIIa in vitro. Several antigenic areas can be delineated on the molecule, by testing the ability of different antibodies to compete in their simultaneous binding to GPIIIa. One of the monoclonal antibodies inhibits ADP-induced platelet aggregation while others do not have an effect or induce agglutination of platelets independent of ADP. Conventional antiserum raised against purified GPIIIa also blocks the aggregation induced by ADP. These results favour the hypothesis that GPIIIa plays a direct role in the mechanism of platelet aggregation.