gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An Error-Oriented Approach to Word Embedding Pre-Training (2017)

We propose a novel word embedding pretraining approach that exploits writing errors in learners' scripts. We compare our method to previous models that tune the embeddings based on script scores and the discrimination between correct and corrupt word contexts in addition to the generic commonly-used embeddings pre-trained on large corpora. The comparison is achieved by using the aforementioned models to bootstrap a neural network that learns to predict a holistic score for scripts. Furthermore, we investigate augmenting our model with error corrections and monitor the impact on performance. Our results show that our error-oriented approach outperforms other comparable ones which is further demonstrated when training on more data. Additionally, extending the model with corrections provides further performance gains when data sparsity is an issue.
Reconstruction and analysis of the pupil dilation signal: Application to a psychophysiological affective protocol (2013)

Pupil dilation (PD) dynamics reflect the interactions of sympathetic and parasympathetic innervations in the iris muscle. Different pupillary responses have been observed with respect to emotionally characterized stimuli. Evidences of the correlation between PD and respiration, heart rate variability (HRV) and blood pressure (BP) are present in literature, making the pupil dilation a candidate for estimating the activity state of the Autonomic Nervous System (ANS), in particular during stressful and/or emotionally characterized stimuli. The aim of this study is to investigate whether both slow and fast PD dynamics can be addressed to characterized different affective states. Two different frequency bands were considered: the classical autonomic band [0-0.45] Hz and a very high frequency (VHF) band [0.45-5] Hz. The pupil dilation signals from 13 normal subjects were recorded during a psychological protocol suitable to evoke particular affective states. An elaborate reconstruction of the missing data (blink events and artifacts) was performed to obtain a more reliable signal, particularly in the VHF band. Results show a high correlation between the arousal of the event and the power characteristics of the signal, in all frequencies. In particular, for the "Anger" condition, we can observe 10 indices out of 13 significantly different with respect to "Baseline" counterparts. These preliminary results suggest that both slow and fast oscillations of the PD can be used to characterize affective states.
Dynamics of fluorine ions in LaF3-type crystals investigated by NMR lineshape analysis (2006)

Fluorine nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) lineshape data were collected for a pure LaF3 single crystal and La1−xSrxF3−x single crystals, doped with admixtures concentrations x up to 16%, from room temperature up to 775 K. The experimental data are analysed within the framework of a theoretical model linking the shape of the spectrum to parameters describing motional processes in the system. The elaborated model includes various types of the fluorine dynamics: diffusion processes occurring inside two distinct fluorine sublattices and inter-lattice exchange motion. This theoretical approach provides a satisfactory and consistent interpretation of the NMR data, without assuming any distribution of the characteristic time constants. The obtained results are discussed in a context of Arrhenius temperature dependences of the correlation times and effects caused by higher concentrations of the admixtures.
Preparation and evaluation of a microcrystal wax hydrofining catalyst (2011)

A microcrystal wax hydrorefining catalyst was prepared by adding additive to adjust surface properties of the carrier.The acid strength and total acid amount were decreased,the interaction intensity between the carrier and the active component were weakened,and the dispersity of active metal were enhanced by adding additive.The catalyst was tested on a small scale hydrofining apparatus and the results indicated that the catalyst exhibited higher hydrofining activity for microcrystal wax than other similar catalysts.
The effect of mesenchymal stromal cells of various origins on mortality and neurologic deficit in acute ischemia-reperfusion in rats (2021)

Stroke is a global epidemic issue and the second leading cause of death in the world and in Ukraine. According to official statistics, every year 100-110 thousand Ukrainians suffer acute cerebrovascular disorders. One third of such patients are of working age, up to 50 % will have a disability, and only one in ten will fully return to full life. So far, promising experimental data on the treatment of neurological dysfunction using mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have been obtained. The aim of study is to compare the effect of MSCs of different origins on mortality and neurologic deficit in rats with acute cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury (CIRI). Materials and methods. Transient bilateral 20-minute occlusion of internal carotid arteries was modeled in male Wistar rats aged 4 months and animals were injected intravenously with MSCs derived from human umbilical cord Wharton's-jelly (hWJ-MSC), human and rat adipose tissue. Other groups of experimental animals were injected intravenously with rat fetal fibroblasts and cell lysate from hWJ-MSC. The last group of rats received Citicoline at a dose of 250 mg/kg as a reference drug. Control animals were injected intravenously with normal saline. The cerebroprotective effect of therapy was assessed by mortality and neurologic deficit in rats on the McGraw's stroke index score. Results. After 12 hours of observation in the crucial period in the development of experimental acute cerebrovascular disorders with the administration of hWJ-MSC, mortality was only 10 % against 45 % of animals in the control group. The use of rat fetal fibroblasts reduced the mortality of animals compare to the control group by an average of 25 %. CIRI in rats caused severe neurologic deficits: paralysis, paresis, ptosis, circling behavior. On the 7th day of observation in the control group of animals, the mean score on the McGrow's stroke index indicated severe neurological disorders. On the 14th day of observation in this group of animals there was no complete recovery of lost central nervous system functions. Compared with the control group of animals, all the treatment agents for acute CIRI (MSCs of various origins, MSC's lysate and Citicoline) contributed to a significant regression of neurologic deficit. Conclusions. Thus, transplantation of human Wharton's jelly-derived MSCs and rat fetal fibroblasts reduced mortality and alleviated neurological symptoms in rats with experimental ischemic stroke. hWJ-MSC, rat fetal fibroblasts, and rat adipose-derived MSCs reduced the incidence of neurological disorders better than Citicoline, which was accompanied by a regression of neurologic deficit dynamics on the 14th day of follow-up. The ability of stem cells of different origins to reduce neurologic deficit indicates the feasibility of their use in experimental acute cerebral ischemia.
Evaluating uncertainty in Landsat-derived postfire recovery metrics due to terrain, soil, and shrub type variations in southern California (2019)

Temporal trajectories of apparent vegetation abundance based on the multi-decadal Landsat image series provide valuable information on the postfire recovery of chaparral shrublands, which tend to mature within one decade. Signals of change in fractional shrub cover (FSC) extracted from time-sequential Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) data can be systematically biased due to spatial variation in shrub type, soil substrate, or illumination differences associated with topography. We evaluate the effects of these variables in Landsat-derived metrics of FSC and postfire recovery, based upon three chaparral sites in southern California which contain shrub community ecotones, complex terrain, and soil variations. Detailed validations of prefire and postfire FSC are based on high spatial resolution ortho-imagery; cross-stratified random sampling is used for variable control. We find that differences in the composition and structure of shrubs (inferred from ortho-imagery) can substantially influence FSC-NDVI relations and impact recovery metrics. Differences in soil type have a moderate effect on the FSC-NDVI relation in one of the study sites, while no substantial effects were observed due to variation of terrain illumination among the study sites. Arithmetic difference recovery metrics - based on NDVI values that were not normalized with unburned control plots - correlate in a moderate but significant manner with a change in FSC (<i>R</i> <sup>2</sup> values range 0.47-0.59 at two sites). Similar regression coefficients resulted from using Landsat visible reflectance data alone. The lowest correlations to FSC resulted from Soil-Adjusted Vegetation Index (SAVI) and are attributed to the effects of the soil-adjustment factor in sparsely vegetated areas. The Normalized Burn Ratio and Normalized Burn Ratio 2 showed a moderate correlation to FSC. This study confirms the utility of Landsat NDVI data for postfire recovery evaluation and implies a need for stratified analysis of postfire recovery in some chaparral landscapes.
EVALUATION OF A FUNCTIONAL MODEL FOR SIMULATING BORON TRANSPORT IN SOIL (1999)

There has been renewed interest in the application of functional models to the transport of nonpoint source pollutants at polypedon (i.e., farm) and watershed scales because of the ease of their coupling to a geographic information system and to the accepted organizational hierarchy of pedogenetic modeling approaches. However, very little work has been done to evaluate the performance of a functional transient-state model for the transport of a reactive solute over an extensive study period. Subsequently, the functional model TETrans (Trace Element Transport) was evaluated for model performance with boron (B) transport data collected from a meso-scale soil lysimeter column over a 1000-day study period (i.e., 40 irrigations). Because the ability to simulate water flow has been evaluated previously for TETrans, the focus of this evaluation centered around the performance of various functional models of B adsorption used as subroutines within the TETrans model, including the (1) Freundlich, (2) kinetic Freundlich, (3) Langmuir, (4) temperature-dependent Langmuir, and (5) pH-dependent Keren adsorption isotherm equations. Model performance was evaluated with statistical functions, specifically the Average Absolute Prediction Error, the Root Mean Square Error, the Reduced Error Estimate and the Coefficient of Residual Mass, and graphic displays of observed and predicted B concentration profiles. Even though no single adsorption isotherm equation, when coupled to TETrans, could be considered poor in its performance, results indicated that the order of model performance was the pH-dependent Keren equation first, followed by the temperature-dependent Langmuir and kinetic Freundlich equations, the Freundlich equation, and, finally, the Langmuir equation. Overall, the TETrans model was able to simulate the transport of B with deviations because no functional adsorption equation incorporated all the influences of pH, ionic strength, temperature, and kinetic effects into a single equation. The inability to correctly predict one of the measured peaks in B concentration near the soil surface suggests that problems with the timing of the sample collection may have occurred for the shallowest sampling depth.
Molecular evidence for the role of inflammation in dry eye disease (2019)

Ocular surface inflammation is propagated by a complex series of molecular processes and has been implicated in the pathogenesis of dry eye disease (DED), either as a causal or a downstream effect of ocular surface disease. A state of hyperosmolarity elicits an acute immune response in DED, leading to subsequent activation of the adaptive immune response. This cascade incites dysregulation of the immune system, triggering a vicious cycle of events that causes damage to the ocular surface. Symptoms associated with these events include burning, irritation, redness, photophobia and blurred vision. The chronic nature of the disease process can cause permanent alterations to the ocular surface and adnexa. An increasing investment in treatment options, and positive outcomes with novel therapies that have received subsequent regulatory approval, lends further support to the role of inflammation in DED. This review highlights the nature and function of a range of fundamental inflammatory molecules in DED to provide the clinician with an appreciation for the ways in which these factors might be manipulated in DED management.
Ballistic Electron Microscopy of Nanographene Layers (2008)

We use scanning tunneling microscopy and ballistic electron emission spectroscopy and microscopy to study charge transport across Pt-nanographene-Pd interfaces. Four triangle-shaped nanographene molecules with different bulky substituents are studied. Modifications of highest occupied molecular orbital and lowest unoccupied molecular orbital levels resulting from hybridization with the metal substrate are observed for all molecules and compared with theoretical calculations. The substituents can influence the charge transport through the molecules by varying the distance between the metal substrate and the nanographene plane or providing additional electronic channels through iodo substituents. This effect can be quantified as a larger effective mass for carriers with increasing molecule-substrate distance, using tight binding. Our results address the critical coupling issue for metal contacts to devices using molecules as active layers.
Antenna selection for MIMO-OFDM WLAN systems (2005)

This paper discusses the packet error rate (PER) performance of multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) wireless systems. We focus our discussion on communication systems based on the IEEE 802.11a/g standard. In particular, we study the performance of spatial multiplexing systems with joint encoding at the transmitter and linear detection at the receiver. We show that spatial multiplexing systems based on minimum mean square error (MMSE) or zero forcing (ZF) demultiplexing benefit greatly from antenna subset selection. These results agree with recent analytical results showing the equivalence in diversity order between a full system (all receive antennas) and a system with antenna selection.
Large-area high-throughput synthesis of monolayer graphene sheet by Hot Filament Thermal Chemical Vapor Deposition (2012)

We report hot filament thermal CVD (HFTCVD) as a new hybrid of hot filament and thermal CVD and demonstrate its feasibility by producing high quality large area strictly monolayer graphene films on Cu substrates. Gradient in gas composition and flow rate that arises due to smart placement of the substrate inside the Ta filament wound alumina tube accompanied by radical formation on Ta due to precracking coupled with substrate mediated physicochemical processes like diffusion, polymerization etc., led to graphene growth. We further confirmed our mechanistic hypothesis by depositing graphene on Ni and SiO(2)/Si substrates. HFTCVD can be further extended to dope graphene with various heteroatoms (H, N, and B, etc.,), combine with functional materials (diamond, carbon nanotubes etc.,) and can be extended to all other materials (Si, SiO(2), SiC etc.,) and processes (initiator polymerization, TFT processing) possible by HFCVD and thermal CVD.
Diamond deposition by chemical vapor deposition process: Study of the bias enhanced nucleation step (1998)

In the case of diamond films synthesized by the microwave plasma assisted chemical vapor deposition technique (MPCVD), the bias enhanced nucleation (BEN) step has been developed to avoid the scratching pretreatment and to palliate the low nucleation density of diamond crystals on the most common substrate used: pristine single silicon substrates. This treatment that occurs before the diamond growth step often consists in the application of a negative bias voltage of the substrate/substrate holder system, which is electrically insulated from the reactor wall. In the case of the MPCVD process, this bias induces a complex superposition of two cold discharges: the microwave and the bias discharges. Unfortunately, this complex configuration leads to inhomogeneous deposits in terms of quality, nucleation rate, and thickness. Furthermore, the reproducibility of the BEN step is generally poor in terms of diamond deposits and electrical BEN parameters. In order to better understand and overcome this pretreatment step, we have studied the temporal and spatial evolution of the bias discharge according to diamond propagation (in terms of kinetic and geometrical effects) and its electron emission, the nature and the shape of the substrate holder (in terms of aging and point effects). We have shown that the presence of the bias plasma is necessary. Based on this observation, we propose a phenomenological mechanism to explain the heterogeneous deposit and the poor reproducibility. Our results with a MPCVD reactor confirm the proposed model and some experimental modifications allow us to obtain homogeneous diamond films elaborated with reproducible electrical parameters. This work would permit the synthesis of a large area of highly oriented films obtained by BEN on single silicon substrates.
pHLIP Pharmacokinetic Model - MATLAB Code (2020)

This MATLAB code accompanies the manuscript, "Pharmacokinetic modeling reveals parameters that govern tumor targeting and delivery by a pH-Low Insertion Peptide (pHLIP)" by Alexander A. Svoronos and Donald M. Engelman. The code constitutes a mathematical model describing the pharmacokinetics of pHLIP.
Mechanisms of Transcription Activation Exerted by GadX and GadW at the gadA and gadBC Gene Promoters of the Glutamate-Based Acid Resistance System in Escherichia coli (2006)

In Escherichia coli the gad system protects the cell from the extreme acid stress encountered during transit through the host stomach. The structural genes gadA, gadB, and gadC encode two glutamate decarboxylase isoforms and a glutamate/gamma-aminobutyrate (GABA) antiporter, respectively. Glutamate decarboxylation involves both proton consumption and production of GABA, a neutral compound which is finally exported via the GadC antiporter. Regulation of gadA and gadBC transcription is very complex, involving several circuits controlling expression under different growth phase, medium, and pH conditions. In this study we found that the AraC-like activators GadX and GadW share the same 44-bp binding sites in the gadA and gadBC regulatory regions. The common binding sites are centered at 110.5 bp and 220.5 bp upstream of the transcriptional start points of the gadA and gadBC genes, respectively. At the gadA promoter this regulatory element overlaps one of the binding sites of the repressor H-NS. The DNA of the gadBC promoter has an intrinsic bend which is centered at position -121. These findings, combined with transcriptional regulation studies, may account for the two different mechanisms of transcriptional activation by GadX and GadW at the two promoters studied. We speculate that while at the gadA promoter GadX and GadW activate transcription by displacing H-NS via an antirepressor mechanism, at the gadBC promoter the mechanism of activation involves looping of the DNA sequence between the promoter and the activator binding site.
Tracking Ultrafast Chemical Reaction Dynamics Using Transient 2DIR Spectroscopy (2010)

Phototriggered reactions can be monitored in real time with bond-by-bond structural selectivity using multidimensional IR spectroscopy as a probe. We have applied this powerful approach to photoproduct orientational relaxation and geminate rebinding reactions.
Systematic review of type 1 diabetes biomarkers reveals regulation in circulating proteins related to complement, lipid metabolism, and immune response (2023)

Biomarkers analyzed in this systematic review highlight alterations in specific biological processes in T1D, including complement, lipid metabolism, and immune response pathways, and may have potential for further use in the clinic as prognostic or diagnostic assays.
Mortar (2018)

Access to large amounts of real-world data has long been a barrier to the development and evaluation of analytics applications for the built environment. Open data sets exist, but they are limited in their span (how much data is available) and context (what kind of data is available and how it is described). Evaluation of such analytics is also limited by how the analytics themselves are implemented, often using hard-coded names of building components, points and locations, or unique input data formats.
Field-Plated Ga 2 O 3 MOSFETs With a Breakdown Voltage of Over 750 V (2016)

Depletion-mode field-plated Ga2O3 metal–oxide–semiconductor field-effect transistors were demonstrated for the first time. Substantial enhancement in breakdown voltage was achieved with a gate-connected field plate. The device channels, formed by selective-area Si ion implantation doping of an undoped Ga2O3 epilayer, were electrically isolated by the highly resistive epilayer without mesa etching. Effective surface passivation and high Ga2O3 material quality contributed to the absence of drain current collapse. The transistors exhibited an off-state breakdown voltage of 755 V, a high drain current on/off ratio of over $10^{9}$ , and stable high temperature operation against 300°C thermal stress.
A bulk micromachined distrubuted digital phase shifter for microwave phased array applications (2005)

A novel distributed digital MEMS (micro-electro-mechanical system) microwave phase shifter, fabricated with bulk Si micromachining techniques, is presented. Using a distributed nonlinear transmission line technique, with single crystal silicon based multilayer microbridge structures as loading varactors, this phase shifter delivers true time delay and wideband performance. A micromachining process flow, combining anodic bonding and single crystal silicon etching with heavy boron doping, was developed to fabricate the movable Si-based microbridges over a coplanar waveguide (CPW). An electrostatic voltage, applied between the Si layer of the microbridges (varactors) and CPW ground plane, pulls down the microbridges, effecting a phase shift varying linearly with. frequency. The principle, process and RF performance characterization are described. The actuated phase shifter has achieved 90.2/spl deg/ phase shift at 20.5 GHz, with good reflection loss (-12 dB) in the frequency range of 5-20.5 GHz. The insertion loss is a little high, 3.87 dB, however, due to the lossy substrate of Pyrex 7740 glass and the thin metalization of the CPW.
The Conversation: Deep Audio-Visual Speech Enhancement (2018)

Our goal is to isolate individual speakers from multi-talker simultaneous speech in videos. Existing works in this area have focussed on trying to separate utterances from known speakers in controlled environments. In this paper, we propose a deep audio-visual speech enhancement network that is able to separate a speaker's voice given lip regions in the corresponding video, by predicting both the magnitude and the phase of the target signal. The method is applicable to speakers unheard and unseen during training, and for unconstrained environments. We demonstrate strong quantitative and qualitative results, isolating extremely challenging real-world examples.