gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Diabetes melutus associated with pentamidine isethionate in diffuse cutaneous leishmaniasis (1995)

The authors report a case of a male patient from Bacabal, MA with diffuse cutaneous leishmaniasis (DCL), for at least nine years, with 168 lesions on his body. These were tumour-like nodules with some ulceration. He used pentavalent antimonial (glucantime) and an association of gamma interferon plus glucantime with improvement of the lesions but relapsed later. Recently, pentamidine isethionate (pentacarinat) was given a dosage of 4mg/kg/weight/day on alternate days for 20 applications. After 3 months a similar course of 10 application was given 2 times. Later he developed diabetic signs with weight loss of 10kg, polydypsia, polyuria and xerostomia. The lower limbs lesions showed signs of activity. Blood glucose levels normalised and remain like this at moment. Attention is drawn to the fact that pentamidine isethionate should be used as a therapy option with care, obeying rigorous laboratory controls including a glucose tolerance test.
First Principles Molecular Dynamics Study of Catalysis for Polyolefins: the Ziegler-Natta Heterogeneous System. (2002)

We review part of our recent ab initio molecular dynamics study on the Ti-based Ziegler-Natta supported heterogeneous catalysis of α-olefins. The results for the insertion of ethylene in the metal-carbon bond are discussed as a fundamental textbook example of polymerization processes. Comparison with the few experimental data available has shown that simulation can reproduce activation barriers and the overall energetics of the reaction with sufficient accuracy. This puts these quantum dynamical simulations in a new perspective as a virtual laboratory where the microscopic picture of the catalysis, which represents an important issue that still escapes experimental probes, can be observed and understood. These results are then discussed in comparison with a V-based catalyst in order to figure out analogies and differences with respect to the industrially more successful Tibased systems.
Tin oxide surfaces. Part 1.—Surface hydroxyl groups and the chemisorption of carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide on tin(IV) oxide (1975)

The transmission infra-red technique has been used to investigate the surface of tin(IV) oxide as a function of evacuation temperature in the range 293–773 K. Molecular water is largely removed by evacuation at 320 K and is fully removed at 473 K. Hydrogen-bonded hydroxyl groups are present after evacuation at 773 K, and isolated hydroxyl groups exhibit a stretching frequency at 3640 cm–1. Room temperature carbon dioxide adsorption has been studied as a function of thermal pretreatment in the range 320–618 K and the spectra obtained indicate a surface carbonate and a surface bicarbonate. The adsorption of carbon monoxide has been investigated in a similar manner. A carbonate species is proposed from the infra-red data, and the partial reduction of the tin(IV) oxide to a tin(II) species has been confirmed by tin-119 m Mössbauer spectroscopy. No evidence was obtained for the physical adsorption of either carbon dioxide or carbon monoxide.
[A study on type II collagen induced arthritis in mice]. (1988)

Pathogenesis and regulation of type II collagen (IIC) induced arthritis (CA) were investigated in mice system. CA could be successfully induced in hundred percent female mice of DBA/1J strain following immunization by an intradermal injection with emulsion of bovine IIC plus Freund's complete adjuvant into the tail base and a subsequent challenge injection with IIC in saline in the same place. The incidence and severity of the CA were suppressed by an intraperitoneal injection with a mouse gamma-globulin: histamine conjugate. On the other hand, neither histamine nor mouse gamma-globulin alone showed no suppressive effect and the former markedly accelerated the onset of the CA and augmented the severity. Next, we analyzed incidence of CA in allogeneic bone marrow chimeras prepared by using the combination of DBA/1J (H-2q, Igh-1c, Hc1) and SWR/J (H-2q, Igh-1c, Hco) mice the latter of which are unable to generate CA. As previously described, only chimeras where DBA/1J were used as recipient of bone marrow showed complement 5 (C5) in sera. Further, CA incidence was quite high (90%) in such chimeras. By contrast, none of chimeric mice where SWR/J were used as recipient showed serum C5 and CA. The result of chimera experiments indicated that C5 level in sera was one of the determinants in CA induction and that lymphoid cells of SWR/J mice themselves had no deficiency in inducing the CA.
Diesel Electric Locomotive Propulsion Systems-A Look into the Future (1986)

The demand for increased productivity in train operation has been the driving force in creating today's energy-efficient high-horsepower diesel electric locomotives. A key in obtaining this productivity improvement has been the evolution of the electric transmission that has allowed the locomotive's effective tractive effort to increase along with its diesel engine horsepower. A means of correlating the relative efficiency, reliability, performance, size, and weight of the available propulsion technologies and control strategies is developed, along with trade-offs in applying these technologies and strategies to locomotives now and in the future. Both dc and the various types of ac propulsion technologies are included. How the basic strategy of individual axle control or total locomotive control (for both dc and ac technologies) relates to locomotive productivity is covered along with variations such as power equipment staging in the overall optimization process.
Molecular basis of co-operativity in protein folding (1992)

The hierarchical partition function formalism for protein folding developed earlier has been extended through the use of three-dimensional polar and apolar contact plots. For each amino acid residue in the protein, these plots indicate the apolar and polar surfaces that are buried from the solvent, the identity of all amino acid residues that contribute to this shielding, and the magnitude of their contributions. These contact plots are then used to examine the distribution of the free energy of stabilization throughout the protein molecule. Analysis of these data allows identification of co-operative folding units and their hierarchical levels, and the identification of partially folded intermediates with a significant probability of being populated. The overall folding/unfolding thermodynamics of 12 globular proteins, for which crystallographic and experimental thermodynamics are available, is predicted within error. An energetic classification of partially folded intermediates is presented and the results compared to those cases for which structural and thermodynamic experimental information is available. Four different types of partially folded states and their structural energies are considered. (1) Local intermediates, in which only a local region of the protein loses secondary and tertiary interactions, while the rest of the protein remains intact. (2) Global intermediates, corresponding to the standard molten globule definition, in which significant secondary structure is maintained but native-like tertiary structure contacts are disrupted. (3) Extended intermediates characterized by the existence of secondary structure elements (e.g. alpha-helices) exposed to solvent. (4) Folding intermediates in proteins with two structural domains. The structure and energetics of folding intermediates of apo-myoglobin, alpha-lactalbumin, phosphoglycerate kinase and arabinose-binding protein are considered in detail.
Amino Acid Sequence of Trocarin, a Prothrombin Activator FromTropidechis carinatus Venom: Its Structural Similarity to Coagulation Factor Xa (1999)

Among snake venom procoagulant proteins, group II prothrombin activators are functionally similar to blood coagulation factor Xa. We have purified and partially characterized the enzymatic properties of trocarin, the group II prothrombin activator from the venom of the Australian elapid, Tropidechis carinatus (rough-scaled snake). Prothrombin activation by trocarin is enhanced by Ca2+, phospholipids, and factor Va, similar to that by factor Xa. However, its amidolytic activity on peptide substrate S-2222 is significantly lower. We have determined the complete amino acid sequence of trocarin. It is a 46,515-Dalton glycoprotein highly homologous to factor Xa and shares the same domain architecture. The light chain possesses an N-terminal Gla domain containing 11 gamma-carboxyglutamic acid residues, followed by two epidermal growth factor (EGF)-like domains; the heavy chain is a serine proteinase. Both chains are likely glycosylated: the light chain at Ser 52 and the heavy chain at Asn 45. Unlike other types of venom procoagulants, trocarin is the first true structural homologue of a coagulation factor. It clots snake plasma and thus may be similar, if not identical, to snake blood coagulation factor Xa. Unlike blood factor Xa, it is expressed in high quantities and in a nonhepatic tissue, making snake venom the richest source of factor Xa-like proteins. It induces cyanosis and death in mice at 1 mg/kg body weight. Thus, trocarin acts as a toxin in venom and a similar, if not identical, protein plays a critical role in hemostasis.
Immunization of Aged Pigs with Attenuated Pseudorabies Virus Vaccine Combined with CpG Oligodeoxynucleotide Restores Defective Th1 Immune Responses (2013)

Our results demonstrate a utility for CpG ODN, as a safe vaccine adjuvant for promoting effective systemic immune responses in aged pig model. This agent could have important clinical uses in overcoming some of age-associated depressions in immune function that occur in response to vaccination.
Activation and function of an autoreactive T cell clone with dual immunoregulatory activity. (1988)

Previously it was demonstrated that the human autoreactive CD4+ T cell clone MTC-4 is bifunctional, having the capacity to augment differentiation of autologous B cells into Ig-secreting cells in the absence of PWM and the capacity to suppress such differentiation in the presence of PWM. In the present study it was shown that these two functions of MTC-4 are mediated by distinctly different mechanisms. In the presence of autologous class II MHC Ag, MTC-4 releases one or more non-MHC-restricted soluble factors which stimulate B cell differentiation. The helper factors are different from IL-2, and act on both resting (small) and activated (large) B cells. The suppressor function of MTC-4 cells is elicited when MTC-4 cells are co-cultured with autologous non-T cells preincubated with PWM for 4 h, but not with non-T cells preincubated with PWM for 24 h; thus, activated autologous non-T cells have a transient capacity to induce MTC-4 suppressor function. Induction of MTC-4 suppressor activity is not associated with increased proliferation of MTC-4 and is mediated by low numbers of these cells. Unlike helper function, MTC-4 suppression of Ig synthesis can occur late in B cell cultures, and MTC-4 suppresses Ig production by autologous B cells, but not by allogeneic B cells. Finally, in co-cultures with activated autologous non-T cells and allogeneic B cells, MTC-4 can simultaneously produce helper factors that augment Ig synthesis by allogeneic B cells and suppress Ig synthesis by autologous B cells. In summary, exposure of MTC-4 to autologous non-T cells causes release of non-MHC-restricted factors which augment Ig production by both resting and activated autologous B cells, whereas exposure of MTC-4 to recently activated B cells causes MTC-4 to express the additional function of directly suppressing Ig production by differentiated autologous B cells. Thus autoreactive T cells may be uniquely suited to regulate Ig production.
Dynamic Downlink Frequency and Power Allocation in OFDMA Cellular Networks (2012)

In order to mitigate inter-cell interference and cope with network, traffic, and channel fluctuations in space and time, Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA) based cellular networks should be equipped with dynamic frequency and power allocation algorithms. Although dynamic frequency and power allocation has been well studied separately, very few results have been reported on dynamic joint frequency and power allocation. In this paper, we propose a dynamic frequency and power allocation algorithm for the DownLink (DL) of OFDMA-based cellular networks, where frequency resources are allocated to cells by a central broker to minimize long-term cell-edge inter-cell interference. Moreover, each cell independently assigns its available frequency resources and power to users in a way that its total DL transmission power is minimized while meeting the throughput demands of its users. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm provides significant improvements in network outage performance, capacity, and throughput as compared with existing schemes.
Trusts and Trustees' tax special issue--taxation of offshore trusts in Switzerland (2008)

This article reviews the latest developments regarding taxation of trusts in Switzerland.
RobustNeRF: Ignoring Distractors with Robust Losses (2023)

Neural radiance fields (NeRF) excel at synthesizing new views given multi-view, calibrated images of a static scene. When scenes include distractors, which are not persistent during image capture (moving objects, lighting variations, shadows), artifacts appear as view-dependent effects or 'floaters'. To cope with distractors, we advocate a form of robust estimation for NeRF training, modeling distractors in training data as outliers of an optimization problem. Our method successfully removes outliers from a scene and improves upon our baselines, on synthetic and real-world scenes. Our technique is simple to incorporate in modern NeRF frameworks, with few hyper-parameters. It does not assume a priori knowledge of the types of distractors, and is instead focused on the optimization problem rather than pre-processing or modeling transient objects. More results on our page https://robustnerf.github.io.
A Review on Recent Advances in Doppler Radar Sensors for Noncontact Healthcare Monitoring (2013)

This paper reviews recent advances in biomedical and healthcare applications of Doppler radar that remotely detects heartbeat and respiration of a human subject. In the last decade, new front-end architectures, baseband signal processing methods, and system-level integrations have been proposed by many researchers in this field to improve the detection accuracy and robustness. The advantages of noncontact detection have drawn interests in various applications, such as energy smart home, baby monitor, cardiopulmonary activity assessment, and tumor tracking. While many of the reported systems were bench-top prototypes for concept verification, several portable systems and integrated radar chips have been demonstrated. This paper reviews different architectures, baseband signal processing, and system implementations. Validations of this technology in a clinical environment will also be discussed.
Abstract 12361: Cytoglobin Regulates Cilia Length, Function and Organ System Laterality During Development (2019)

Introduction: Cytoglobin is a heme protein known to be expressed at relatively low concentrations in a variety of tissues throughout development and highly conserved in all vertebrates. While cytog...
Direct power control of a doubly fed induction generator wind power system with seamless transition between stand-alone and grid-connected modes (2016)

This paper describes a direct power control (DPC) strategy used for a doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) for wind energy system. The system operates in stand-alone (SA) and can connect to the grid through smooth transition. The proposed control structure is capable of regulating the stator voltage and frequency for an isolated load in case of grid outage. Also, when grid is available, it can control the stator voltage phase to be synchronized with grid voltage and connect with seamless transition to the grid. The basic structure of DPC method consists of hysteresis-based controller (HBC) and switching table that are used in both SA and grid-connected (GC) modes. The proposed control strategy is analyzed, simulated using MATLAB/Simulink and PSIM, and also validated experimentally using a 7.5 hp DFIG laboratory set up.
Modes of oxygen enrichment on I.C. engine indicated performance (1994)

Oxygen enrichment of combustion air in diesel engines has been investigated by several research groups in an attempt to improve performance and reuse emissions. Experimental studies reveal that the use of oxygen-enriched combustion air can lead to significant improvements in power density as well as reductions in particulate emissions but at the expense of higher nitric oxide, NO{sub x}, emissions. In these reported studies varying amounts of oxygen enrichment were provided to the engine during the intake process prior to compression. IN this paper the fuel-air analysis of the classic Dual cycle was pursued in order to assess the potential meters associated with various modes of oxygen enrichment other than the inlet charge techniques previously reported. Calculations were based on a standard equilibrium product analysis to assess the global nature of modes of oxygen enrichment on the indicated performance for the enriched combustion in diesel engines. Indicated engine calculations were made using n-dodecane, a liquid surrogate diesel fuel. Thermochemical predictions for the various modes of oxygen enrichment generated different values for intermediate and peak temperatures and pressures, indicated mean effective pressure, as well as these carbon monoxide, unburned hydrocarbons and oxides of nitrogen. All calculations were based on a fixedmore » engine geometry and compression ratio. Results from the fuel-air cycle analysis support the suppositions that a proper use of excess oxygen in a controlled combustion process may produce considerably different results than those associated with current engine technology. Further experimental investigations into the selection of the most efficient use associated with excess oxygen combustion is necessary in order to produce engines that not only produce more power but concurrently reduce the emission level of both unburned hydrocarbons and oxides of nitrogen.« less
Physically Unclonable Function-Based Security and Privacy in RFID Systems (2007)

Radio frequency identification (RFID) is an increasingly popular technology that uses radio signals for object identification. Tracking and authentication in RFID tags have raised many privacy and security concerns. On the other hand, known privacy and security cryptographic defenses are too hardware-expensive to incorporate into low-cost RFID tags. In this paper, we propose hardware-based approaches to RFID security that rely on physically unclonable functions (PUFs). These functions exploit the inherent variability of wire delays and parasitic gate delays in manufactured circuits, and may be implemented with an order-of-magnitude reduction in gate count as compared with traditional cryptographic functions. We describe protocols for privacy-preserving tag identification and secure message authentication codes. We compare PUFs to digital cryptographic functions, address other uses of PUFs to enhance RFID security and suggest interesting directions for future research. The proposed solutions are efficient, practical, and appropriate for low-cost RFID systems
Design techniques for high-speed, high-resolution comparators (1992)

Precision techniques for the design of comparators used in high-performance analog-to-digital converters employing parallel conversion stages are described. Following a review of conventional offset cancellation techniques, circuit designs achieving 12-b resolution in both BiCMOS and CMOS 5-V technologies are presented. The BiCMOS comparator consists of a preamplifier followed by two regenerative stages and achieves an offset of 200 mu V at a 10-MHz clock rate while dissipating 1.7 mW. In the CMOS comparator offset cancellation is used in both a single-stage preamplifier and a subsequent latch to achieve an offset of less than 300 mu V at comparison rates as high as 10 MHz, with a power dissipation of 1.8 mW.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Ni–Cu alloy nanoparticles loaded on various metal oxides acting as efficient catalysts for photocatalytic H2 evolution (2015)

Catalysis of Ni–Cu alloy nanoparticles loaded on various metal oxides for photocatalytic H<sub>2</sub> evolution depends on preparation methods and supports.
Seeing right through you: Applications of optical imaging to the study of the human brain (2003)

A new set of techniques allows for the study of brain function by near-infrared light, exploiting two optical phenomena: Changes in light absorption are determined by changes in the concentration of substances like oxy- and deoxyhemoglobin, and changes in light scattering occur as a consequence of variations of properties of membranes and corpuscles in the neural tissue. Methods based on light absorption can be used to study hemodynamic changes in the brain, whereas those based on light scattering can be used to study neuronal activity and to provide anatomical information at a cellular and subcellular level. Three optical imaging approaches can be used to study living tissue: reflection, optical coherence tomography (OCT), and photon migration. These three approaches vary in their penetration (from less than a millimeter for reflection to up to 3-5 cm for photon migration) and spatial resolution (from a micron level for reflection and OCT to a millimeter and centimeter level for photon migration). This issue includes a collection of articles reviewing applications of these technologies to the study of brain and other bodily functions in humans.
Crystal structure of 3,14-diethyl-2,13-diaza-6,17-diazoniatricyclo[16.4.0.07,12]docosane dinitrate dihydrate from synchrotron X-ray data (2019)

The crystal structure of title salt, C<sub>22</sub>H<sub>46</sub>N<sub>4</sub> <sup>2+</sup>·2NO<sub>3</sub> <sup>-</sup>·2H<sub>2</sub>O, has been determined using synchrotron radiation at 220 K. The structure determination reveals that protonation has occurred at diagonally opposite amine N atoms. The asymmetric unit contains half a centrosymmetric dication, one nitrate anion and one water mol-ecule. The mol-ecular dication, C<sub>22</sub>H<sub>46</sub>N<sub>4</sub> <sup>2+</sup>, together with the nitrate anion and hydrate water mol-ecule are involved in an extensive range of hydrogen bonds. The mol-ecule is stabilized, as is the conformation of the dication, by forming inter-molecular N-H⋯O, O-H⋯O, together with intra-molecular N-H⋯N hydrogen bonds.
논문(論文) : 서로 다른 수분율을 갖도록 염수환경에 노출된 복합재 접착체결부의 강도 (2011)

본 연구에서는 탄소/에폭시 복합재 단일겹침 접착체결부의 염수 수분율이 체결부의 강도 및 파손모드에 미치는 영향을 연구하였다. 시편은 이차접착 방식으로 제작하였고, 71℃, 3.5% 염수환경에서 수분율 0, 0.2, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0%(포화상태)를 갖도록 노출시켰다. 수분율별 시편은 각 8개씩이고, 두 종류의 시험환경을 고려하여 총 80개의 시편에 대한 시험을 수행하였다. 시험결과 복합재 체결부의 강도는 수분율이 2%(포화상태)에 도달하면 감소하지만 그 이전 과도상태(약 1% 근처까지)에서는 오히려 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 수분율 1%까지는 고온 환경에서의 강도가 상온 강도보다 2~5% 가량 높게 나타났다. 그러나 수분 포화된 고온 환경 체결부의 강도는 상온 강도 대비 약 5% 가량 저하되는 것으로 나타났다.