gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Luminescence of Pr$^{3+}$ Doped LuCl$_3$ and LuBr$_3$ Under Intraconfigurational $(4{\rm f}^2 \rightarrow 4{\rm f}^1 5{\rm d}^1)$ and Band Gap Excitation (2009)

The optical properties of Pr <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3+</sup> activated LuCl <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> and LuBr <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> under intra-ionic 4f <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> rarr 4f <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sup> 5d <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sup> and band gap (lambda <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">ex</sub> = 193 nm; X-ray) excitations have been evaluated. The luminescence of Pr <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3+</sup> in these hosts is found to be strongly dependent on the excitation energy: for energies less than the absorption edge of the host, the luminescence is dominated by the 4f <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sup> 5d <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sup> rarr 4f <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> interconfigurational optical transitions. When luminescence is excited by photons with energies corresponding to the absorption edge or the band gap of the host, the emission spectrum is dominated by the intraconfigurational 4f <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> rarr 4f <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> optical transitions, which emanate from the Pr <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3+</sup> <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> P <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">J</i> states. A model to account for the dependence of the emission behavior of Pr <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3+</sup> ion on the excitation energy is presented.
Evaluation of bio-efficacy of Bacillus subtilis (NBAIMCC-B-01211) against disease complex caused by Meloidogyne incognita and Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. vasinfectum in okra (2014)

Field studies were conducted at two different agro-climatic regions of India to assess the bio-efficacy of liquid and talc formulations of Bacillus subtilis (Cohn 1872), 1% W.P. for the management of Meloidogyne incognita (Kofoid & White, 1919) Chitw, 1949 and Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. vasinfectum on okra (Abelmoschus esculentus Moench.). Results clearly indicated the potential of this bio-pesticide in the management of M. incognita and F. oxysporum f.sp. vasinfectum on okra. B. subtilis was enriched in farm yard manure (FYM) and applied at different doses in the experimental plots. Seed treatment with 20g or 20ml of B. subtilis/kg and application of five tons of FYM enriched with 5kg or 5 lit B. subtilis/ha proved to be significantly effective in reducing the population of M. incognita and bringing down the disease incidence of F. oxysporum f.sp. vasinfectum. These treatments also increased the yield of okra in the two agro-climatic regions.
ChemInform Abstract: REACTION OF DIAZOACETALDEHYDE DIMETHYL ACETAL WITH ELECTROPHILIC COUMARINS AND A CHROMONE (1985)

Abstract Die Reaktion des Diazoacetals (I) mit den Cuma‐ rinen (II), (IV) und (X) sowie dem Chromon (XV) wird untersucht.
Avoidance of Right Ventricular Pacing in Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy Improves Right Ventricular Hemodynamics in Heart Failure Patients (2007)

Synchronized LV pacing produces acute LV and systemic hemodynamic benefits similar to BiV pacing. LV pacing at an appropriate atrioventricular interval prior to the RV sensed impulse provides superior RV hemodynamics compared with BiV pacing.
Protocol-Based Computer Reminders, the Quality of Care and the Non-Perfectability of Man (1976)

To determine whether clinical errors can be reduced by prospective computer suggestions about the management of simple clinical events, I studied the responses of nine physicians to computer suggestions generated by 390 protocols in a controlled crossover design. These protocols dealt primarily with conditions managed (e.g., elevated blood pressure) or caused (e.g., liver toxicity) by drugs. Physicians responded to 51 per cent of 327 events when given, and 22 per cent of 385 events when not given computer suggestions. Neither level of postgraduate training (first-year postgraduate or third-year post-graduate) nor the order in which physicians served as study and control subjects had statistically significant overall effect on the results. It appears that the prospective reminders do reduce errors, and that many of these errors are probably due to man's limitations as a data processor rather than to correctable human deficiencies.
Balanced Twin Auto-Encoder for IoT Intrusion Detection (2022)

Intrusion detection systems (IDSs) provide an ef-fective solution for protecting loT systems. However, due to the massive number of loT devices (in billions) and their heterogeneity, IDSs face challenges posed by the complexity of loT data such as correlation-based features, high dimensions, and imbalance. To address these problems, this paper proposes a novel neural network architecture, called Balanced Twin Auto-Encoder (BTAE) which consists of three components, i.e., an encoder, a hermaphrodite, and a decoder. The encoder of BTAE first aims to transfer the input data into the latent space before data samples (pre-images) are translated into this space by different translation vectors. In addition, the data of the skewed labels are also generated in the latent space to address the problem of imbalanced data in which the number of attack samples is often significantly lower than those of the benign samples. Second, the hermaphrodite component serves as a bridge to move the data from the encoder to the decoder. Third, the decoder tries to copy the distribution of the samples in the latent space. BTAE is trained by a supervised learning technique, and its data representation extracted from the decoder can well distinguish the attack from the normal data. The experiments on five loT botnet datasets show that BTAE outperforms three existing groups of methods, e.g., the typical supervised learning, the well-known sampling, and the state-of-the-art representation learning. In addition, the false alarm rate (FAR) of BTAE applied for loT intrusion detection is less than equal to 1.2%.
[Use of Ommaya CSF reservoir for refractory chronic subdural hematoma]. (1999)

Ten patients with refractory chronic subdural hematoma were the subjects of this paper. All patients had severe diseases influencing the clinical course of chronic subdural hematoma, such as cerebral infarction, liver cirrhosis, thrombocytopenia, severe parkinsonism, severe heart disease, and spino-cerebellar degeneration. They were first treated in a usual manner; irrigation and drainage of the hematoma cavity. After recurrence of the hematoma, an Ommaya CSF reservoir was put into place and whenever the volume of the hematoma increased the reservoir was punctured. Postoperatively, 7 patients returned to the same conditions as they had before the onset. However, one patient died of myocardial infarction and 2 patients with parkinsonism could not maintain the condition they had before the onset of their disease, resulting in their partially dependent state. Complications were minor bleeding in one patient and an occlusion of the reservoir in another patient. By using this method reoperation was unnecessary, and the patients were able to move early in the post-operative period. This method was suitable for refractory chronic subdural hematoma with severe disease influencing its clinical course.
A combination of multiple turbo codes and multiple antennas with a reduced iterative decoder for DS-CDMA systems (2003)

In this paper a combined multiple turbo codes and multiple antenna diversity scheme for synchronous DS/CDMA systems over mobile radio fading channels is considered to improve the BER performance. In spite of the multiple structures, no time delay and less amount of computation can be achieved by a modified parallel mode decoding process and a reduced MAP algorithm using trellis code structure.
Janus kinase-2 signaling mediates apoptosis in rat cardiomyocytes (2022)

We tested the hypothesis that activation Jak2, which is prominently involved in the up-regulation of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS), constitutes a focal point in relaying signals triggered by a Angiotensin II (Ang II) and hypoxia/reoxygenation separately to cause an enhanced susceptibility of cardiac myocyte to apoptotic cell death. Ang II-treated adult cardiomyocytes in culture exhibited an increased level of apoptosis that accompanied activation of pro-apoptotic as well as anti-apoptotic signaling pathways. We observed increased phosphorylation of Jak2 kinase, Stat1, JNK, with increased expression of Bax protein, followed by an increase in caspase-1 and caspase-3 activity. Activation of these pro-apoptotic pathways was blocked by the Jak2 pharmacological inhibitor, Tyrphostin AG490. We also observed an increase in phosphorylation of cardioprotective pathway components, namely S6 ribosomal protein, and heat shock protein 27 (HSP27). Likewise, the oxidative stress, via the hypoxia/reoxygenation treatment of rat adult cardiomyocytes, produced apoptosis that was dependent upon activation of Jak2. The apoptotic response was not only reduced by Losartan, an inverse agonist of the AT1, receptor, but by treatment with AG490 as well. Taken together, these observations provide clear evidence in favor of Jak2 signaling as mediator of the apoptotic response in cardiomyocytes. However, there was a concomitant induction of cytoprotective signaling that presumably provides a negative feedback to the deleterious effects of the agonist. D
Association of Catsper1 or -2 with Cav3.3 Leads to Suppression of T-type Calcium Channel Activity (2006)

Sperm-specific CatSper1 and CatSper2 proteins are critical to sperm-hyperactivated motility and male fertility. Although architecturally resembling voltage-gated ion channels, neither CatSper1 nor CatSper2 alone forms functional ion channels in heterologous expression systems, which may be related to the absence of yet unidentified accessory subunits. Here we isolated CatSper1- and CatSper2-associated protein(s) from human sperm and analyzed their identities by a multidimensional protein identification technology approach. We identified the T-type voltage-gated calcium channel Ca(v)3.3 as binding to both CatSper1 and CatSper2. The specificity of their interactions was verified by co-immunoprecipitation in transfected mammalian cells. Electrophysiological studies revealed that the co-expression of CatSper1 or CatSper2 specifically inhibited the amplitude of Ca(v)3.3-evoked T-type calcium current without altering other biophysical properties of Ca(v)3.3. Immunostaining studies revealed co-localization of CatSper1 and Ca(v)3.3 on the principal piece of human sperm tail. Furthermore, fluorescence resonance energy transfer analysis revealed close proximity and physical association of these two proteins on the sperm tail. These studies demonstrate that CatSper1 and CatSper2 can associate with and modulate the function of the Ca(v)3.3 channel, which might be important in the regulation of sperm function.
A Demonstration of Concrete Structural Health Monitoring Framework for Degradation due to Alkali-Silica Reaction (2016)

Assessment and management of aging concrete structures in nuclear power plants require a more systematic approach than simple reliance on existing code margins of safety. Structural health monitoring of concrete structures aims to understand the current health condition of a structure based on heterogeneous measurements to produce high-confidence actionable information regarding structural integrity that supports operational and maintenance decisions. This ongoing research project is seeking to develop a probabilistic framework for health diagnosis and prognosis of aging concrete structures in a nuclear power plant that is subjected to physical, chemical, environment, and mechanical degradation. The proposed framework consists of four elements: monitoring, data analytics, uncertainty quantification and prognosis. This report focuses on degradation caused by ASR (alkali-silica reaction). Controlled specimens were prepared to develop accelerated ASR degradation. Different monitoring techniques – thermography, digital image correlation (DIC), mechanical deformation measurements, nonlinear impact resonance acoustic spectroscopy (NIRAS), and vibro-acoustic modulation (VAM) -- were used to detect the damage caused by ASR. Heterogeneous data from the multiple techniques was used for damage diagnosis and prognosis, and quantification of the associated uncertainty using a Bayesian network approach. Additionally, MapReduce technique has been demonstrated with synthetic data. This technique can be used in future to handle large amounts of observation data obtained from the online monitoring of realistic structures.
Phase equilibrium data for development of correlations for coal fluids (1991)

The overall objective of the authors' work is to develop accurate predictive methods for representations of vapor-liquid equilibria in systems encountered in coal-conversion processes. The objectives pursued in the present project include: (1) Measurements of binary vapor-liquid phase behavior data for selected solute gases (e.g., C{sub 2}H{sub 6}, CH{sub 4}) in a series of paraffinic, naphthenic, and aromatic hydrocarbon solvents to permit evaluations of interaction parameters in models for phase behavior. Solubilities of the gases in the liquid phase have been determined. (2) Evaluation of existing equations of state and other models for representations of phase behavior in systems of the type studied experimentally; development of new correlation frameworks as needed. (3) Generalization of the interaction parameters for the solutes studied to a wide spectrum of heavy solvents; presentation of final results in formats useful in the design/optimization of coal liquefaction processes.
Hg2+ detection using a phosphorothioate RNA probe adsorbed on graphene oxide and a comparison with thymine-rich DNA (2015)

Mercury is a highly toxic heavy metal and many DNA-based biosensors have been recently developed for Hg(2+) detection in water. Among them, thymine-rich DNA is the most commonly used for designing Hg(2+) sensors. However, the thymine-Hg(2+) interaction is strongly affected by the buffer conditions. We recently reported a molecular beacon containing phosphorothioate (PS)-modified RNA linkages that can be cleaved by Hg(2+). In this work, the fluorescence quenching and DNA adsorption properties of nano-sized graphene oxide (NGO) were used to develop a new sensor using the PS-RNA chemistry. Three DNA probes, containing one, three and five PS-RNA linkages, respectively, were tested. Finally, a fluorophore-labeled poly-A DNA with five PS-RNA linkages was selected and adsorbed by NGO. In the presence of Hg(2+), the fluorophore was released from NGO due to the cleavage reaction, resulting in a fluorescence enhancement. This sensor is highly selective for Hg(2+) with a detection limit of 8.5 nM Hg(2+). For comparison, a fluorophore-labeled poly-T DNA was also tested, which responded to Hg(2+) more slowly and was inhibited by high NaCl concentrations, while the PS-RNA probe was more tolerant to different buffer conditions. This work indicates a new method for interfacing DNA with NGO for Hg(2+) detection.
Distribution of silicone oil in prefilled glass syringes probed with optical and spectroscopic methods. (2009)

Prefilled glass syringes (PFSs) have become the most commonly used device for the delivery of recombinant protein therapeutics in parenteral formulations. In particular, auto-injectors preloaded with PFSs greatly facilitate the convenient and efficient self-administration of protein therapeutics by patients. Silicone oil is used as a lubricant in PFSs to facilitate the smooth motion of the plunger during injection. However, there have been few sophisticated analytical techniques that can qualitatively and quantitatively characterize in-situ the morphology, thickness, and distribution of silicone oil in PFSs. In this paper, we demonstrate the application of three optical techniques including confocal Raman microscopy, Schlieren optics, and thin film interference reflectometry to visualize and characterize silicone oil distribution in PFS. The results showed that a container coating process could produce unevenly distributed silicone oil on the glass barrel of PFSs. An insufficiency of the amount of silicone oil on the glass barrel of a PFS can cause stalling when the device is preloaded into an auto-injector. These analytical techniques can be applied to monitor the silicone oil distribution in PFSs.
Prognostic utility of combined multiple methylation and microsatellite biomarkers as circulating DNA in serum of melanoma patients (2006)

Tanemura, A.1; Mori, T.1; O'Day, S.2; Martinez, S.1; Kitago, M.1; Koyanagi, K.1; Sunami, E.1; Hoon, D.1Author Information
The Limits of Reciprocity (1991)

Besides meeting the Nash condition (Axelrod's so-called “collective stability”), an evolutionary equilibrium must be an attractor—either an evolutionary equilibrium point (EEP) or an evolutionary equilibrium region (EER). In this analysis of Prisoners' Dilemma and Chicken environments, the “archetype” strategies (COOPERATE and DEFECT in Prisoners' Dilemma and COWARD and DAREDEVIL in Chicken) were augmented by the “reactive” strategies TIT FOR TAT and BULLY—entering separately in 3 x 3 interactions and jointly in 4 x 4 interactions. An instant-response assumption was employed that stacked the deck somewhat in favor of TIT FOR TAT. Nevertheless, in no case was all-TIT FOR TAT ever an EEP, although some conditions generated a mixed EER with only “nice” behaviors represented. A credible model should imply an equilibrium in which both “mean” and “nice” behaviors are represented. Remarkably, none of the conditions postulated here led to such an outcome. This unsatisfying result suggests the importance of introducing a PUNISHER strategy as described elsewhere by the authors.
Dynamic max TxOP algorithms in Licensed-Assisted Access system (2016)

Offloading the LTE data services to unlicensed spectrum has been considered by 3GPP in Release 13, which is defined as LAA (Licensed-Assisted Access). Unlicensed band is attractive because of its large amount of spectrum resource. However, coexisting with wireless devices already existing in unlicensed spectrum (such as Wi-Fi) is a primary issue be solved effectively. This paper proposed two dynamic max TxOP (transmission opportunity) algorithms based on Q-learning and expected capacity while inheriting the application of LBT(Listen-before-Talk), CCA-ED(channel clear assessment-energy detection) and discontinuous transmission. Using this framework, both LTE and Wi-Fi adjust the maximum occupancy time based on current traffic load or expected capacity dynamically, in order to improve the two systems' performance by configuring the transmission opportunity more reasonablely. Simulation results also show that the proposed approaches can enhance throughput and fairness significantly under both low and high traffic load, proving that the proposed dynamic TxOP algorithms offer new possibilities for better coexistence performance in LAA system.
Stereoselective conversion of vitamin D3into its 3β-halogenated derivatives. The synthesis of a 1α-hydroxy-3β-fluorovitamin D3analogue (1978)

(6R)-Hydroxy-3,5-cyclovitamin D3 was converted with HF, HCl, and HBr into 3β-fluoro-, 3β-chloro-, and 3β-bromo-3-deoxyvitamin D3 respectively, and with NaI–ZnCl2 into the corresponding 3β-iodo derivative; a 3β-fluoro-1α-hydroxyvitamin D3 analogue was prepared from 1α-hydroxyvitamin D3 tosylate using the 3,5-cyclovitamin derivative as an intermediate.
Supplementation with calcium + vitamin D enhances the beneficial effect of weight loss on plasma lipid and lipoprotein concentrations. (2007)

Consumption of calcium+D during a weight-loss intervention enhanced the beneficial effect of body weight loss on the lipid and lipoprotein profile in overweight or obese women with usual low daily calcium intake.
The ERIEYE phased array antenna-from a systems viewpoint (2002)

The ERIEYE antenna is described from a systems view. The choice of frequency and polarisation are shown and some of the advantages of using a phased array are explained. It gives a longer track initiation range, better track continuity and better reliability. In this application we also have the advantage of less drag on the aircraft, thereby making it possible to use rather small aircraft.
Thermodésorptions et thermoréactions avec l’hydrogène du monoxyde de carbone adsorbé sur un catalyseur au nickel (1995)

Des combinaisons de TPSR interrompues (TPSR : Temperature Programmed Surface Reaction) suivies de TPD (Temperature Programmed Desorption) (ou inversement de TPD interrompues suivies de TPSR) montrent que les diverses espèces superficielles de CO n'ont pas la même réactivité avec H2 mais la sensibilité structurale reste limitée puisque le spectre de TPSR ne fait apparaître qu'un seul pic de CH4. Des phénomènes de compensation sont postulés pour rendre compatible la très grande sensibilité structurale de la chimisorption de CO avec la sensibilité limitée de sa méthanation.
Cybercity Walker - Layered Morphing Method (1999)

Introduction We are aiming at reconstructing a broad city area in a computer (Hirose, et al. 1999). Usually, traditional CG techniques are used to describe and present a virtual space. However, the CG techniques based on geometrical models can not draw images having photo-realistic quality in real time. Image-Based Rendering (IBR) is another promising method to describe a virtual environment. We have already developed a method to generate interpolated images without any distortion (Endo, et al. 1998) based on one IBR method called View Morphing (Seitz and Dyer 1996). This method makes it possible for an observer to freely walk around a plane, which is defined by three points where three base images are taken. However, this method has some limitations because the problem of occlusion still exists and it can not present an object having complex outline. This paper proposes a new morphing method called Layered Morphing and explains about a system called Cybercity Walker that is an
Time-resolved optical measurements with spread spectrum excitation (2002)

We propose a novel method for measuring time-dependent optical quantities. A train of excitation pulses modulated by a pseudorandom bit sequence is used as the light source, and a cross-correlation scheme is used to retrieve the impulse response. Simulation results of the temporal point-spread function of a diffusive wave are provided, as well as experimental results of a fluorescence decay profile. It is demonstrated that our new time-resolved technique can lead to high signal-to-noise ratios and short data acquisition times. A fluorescence-time-dependent suppression process was also been discovered.