gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Long alkyl chain dimethylammonioalkoxydicyanoethenolates as new zwitterionic thermotropic liquid crystals (1999)

The liquidcrystalline thermotropic behaviour of a series of long alkyl chain dimethylammonioalkoxydicyanoethenolates of the type CH3-(CH2)n-1-N+(CH3)2-(CH2)p-O-CO-C-(CN)2 (n=10-18, even values only, with p=2, 3; p=4 for n=16) was analysed through differential scanning calorimetry, X-ray diffraction and polarizing optical microscopy. Smectic A, columnar and cubic mesophases were observed in addition to a crystalline phase. The crystalline structure corresponds to a single layered lamellar arrangement of molecules characterized by a tilt angle of the paraffin chains of about 50 degrees and 56 degrees for p=2 and 3, respectively. Above the melting point (70-100 degrees C), all amphiphiles n-p, except 10-2 and 12-3 which became immediately isotropic, display one or more mesophases: smectic A for 14-2, 16-2, 16-3, 18-2 and 18-3 (zwitterionic bilayers with a thickness of about 12A), a hexagonal columnar phase for 12-2, 14-3 and 16-4 (monotropic for 12-2, zwitterionic cylinders of radius of about 12A), and an inverted bicontinuous cubic phase (Ia3dspace group) for 14-2, 16-3 and 18-3 (rod-like elements of radius of about 10A). For 14-2 and 18-3, the cubic mesophase tends to form slowly from the smectic A phases both on heating and cooling. The amphiphiles displaying the columnar mesophase possess the lowest and an identical ratio of alkyl tail length to zwitterion length. The temperature range of mesophase stability is a strongly increasing function of n and a decreasing function of p. For the longest alkyl tail, mesophases extend over more than 130 degrees C up to the degradation temperatures (T 210 degrees C). Strong dipolar interactions between the zwitterionic groups in their stretched conformation (mu>25 D) within the liquid apolar and incompatible paraffin matrix are the driving force for the thermotropic behaviour of these new amphiphiles.
First principles scheme to evaluate band edge positions in potential transition metal oxide photocatalysts and photoelectrodes (2011)

The positions of electronic band edges are one important metric for determining a material's capability to function in a solar energy conversion device that produces fuels from sunlight. In particular, the position of the valence band maximum (conduction band minimum) must lie lower (higher) in energy than the oxidation (reduction) reaction free energy in order for these reactions to be thermodynamically favorable. We present first principles quantum mechanics calculations of the band edge positions in five transition metal oxides and discuss the feasibility of using these materials in photoelectrochemical cells that produce fuels, including hydrogen, methane, methanol, and formic acid. The band gap center is determined within the framework of DFT+U theory. The valence band maximum (conduction band minimum) is found by subtracting (adding) half of the quasiparticle gap obtained from a non-self-consistent GW calculation. The calculations are validated against experimental data where possible; results for several materials including manganese(ii) oxide, iron(ii) oxide, iron(iii) oxide, copper(i) oxide and nickel(ii) oxide are presented.
Diet and Nutrition Reverse Type 3 Diabetes and Accelerated Aging Linked to Global Chronic Diseases (2016)

The acceleration in the rate of chronic diseases that involve insulin resistance has become of global concern. The rate of the most prevalent chronic disease such as cardiovascular disease is linked to the metabolic syndrome, non alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and other chronic diseases that include obesity, diabetes and neurodegenerative diseases.
Reduction in power system load data training sets size using fractal approximation theory (2002)

Summary form only given. Fractal dimension is further used in reconstruction of forecasting data by iterated function system. Due to the generalisation property of artificial neural networks, the proposed method results in significant savings in computational time. The original fractal structure of data is preserved in forecasting.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Performance Analysis of Full-Film Textured Surfaces With Consideration of Roughness Effects (2011)

Abstract A mass-conservative algorithm that implements the Jakobsson–Floberg–Olsson cavitation theory is used to predict the performances of seal-like structures and thrust bearings with a dimpled surface texture. The results of a series of simulations for load-carrying capacity, film thickness, dimple depth, dimple density, cavitation pressure, leakage, and friction force are presented, and the relationship between these performance parameters is studied. It is shown that, under the conditions simulated, surface roughness can improve the load-carrying capacity, but its effect is limited.
A Stem Cell Journey in Ophthalmology: From the Bench to the Clinic (2021)

Debilitating diseases of the eye represent a large unmet medical need potentially addressable with stem cell-based approaches. Over the past decade, the California Institute for Regenerative Medicine (CIRM) has funded and supported the translation, from early research concepts to human trials, of therapeutic stem cell approaches for dry age-related macular degeneration, retinitis pigmentosa, and limbal stem cell deficiency. This article chronicles CIRM's journey in the ophthalmology field and discusses some key challenges and questions that were addressed along the way as well as questions that remain.
On the Displaced Lattice Charge and Residual Resistivity (1975)

We have used the method of lattice statics to perform microscopic calculations of the displaced lattice charge far away from an impurity in an alkali metal. The displaced charge is then used to determine with the aid of the continuum approximation the change in solid structure factor and from it to estimate the correction to the residual resistivity due to strain. Our approximate results for this correction are compared with exact lattice static results and it is found that the continuum approximation very often seriously underestimates the effect of strain.
SYSTEMIC EVALUATION OF SJÖGREN-LIKE SYNDROME AFTER BONE MARROW TRANSPLANTATION IN MAN (1987)

A systematic evaluation of Sjögren-like syndrome (SLS) was performed in 68 bone marrow transplant (BMT) recipients (60 allogeneic and 8 syngeneic recipients). At day 100, the patients underwent clinical evaluation, functional salivary scintigraphy, and lip biopsy. If any findings were abnormal, the examinations were repeated annually for 3 years. Twenty-two patients with SLS and extensive chronic graft-versus-host disease (CGVHD) had abnormal scintiscan and lip biopsy at day 100. Marked keratoconjunctivitis sicca and xerostomia developed between 12 and 24 months after BMT and, thereafter, progressively decreased. Twenty-seven irradiated recipients (7 syngeneic and 20 allogeneic recipients without CGVHD) had isolated xerostomia and disturbed scintiscan but normal biopsy. Seven other patients with limited CGVHD had a lymphocytic infiltrate on lip biopsy but no SLS and a normal scintiscan. Schirmer's test, functional salivary scintigraphy, and lip biopsy allowed us to distinguish SLS from radiotherapy sequelae. As early as day 100, these 3 tests have a predictive value for SLS, one of the criteria for extensive CGVHD.
Mechanical and fluidic characterization of microfluidic interconnects for lab-on-a-chip applications (2008)

In this paper, we present mechanical and fluidic testing apparatus and protocols that we have developed for characterizing both chip-to-chip and world-to-chip interconnects. We address the design, calibration, and limits of our testing apparatus. We also present standardized figures of merit that we have developed for comparing our interconnect structures and techniques. Finally, we address reliability issues when multiple interconnects between chips are involved.
Improved immunoelectron microscopic method for localizing cytoskeletal proteins in Lowicryl K4M embedded tissues. (1986)

We have modified the Lowicryl K4M low-temperature dehydration and embedding procedure for immunoelectron microscopy to provide improved ultrastructural detail and facilitate the localization of actin and tubulin in isolated rat adrenocortical cells, chick spinal cord with attached dorsal root ganglia (SC-DRG), and cultured dorsal root ganglia (DRG). Cells and tissues were fixed for immunocytochemistry either in a mixture of 2% paraformaldehyde and 0.25% glutaraldehyde (0.1 M PIPES buffer, pH 7.3) or in a mixture of 0.3% glutaraldehyde and 1.0% ethyldimethylaminopropylcarbodiimide (0.1 M phosphate buffered saline, pH 7.3). Dehydration was in ethanol at progressively lower temperatures to -35 degrees C. Infiltration at -35 degrees C was followed by ultraviolet polymerization at -20 degrees C. Comparable samples were fixed in glutaraldehyde and osmium tetroxide and embedded in Epon 812 or Epon-Araldite. Post-embedding immunostaining of thin sections utilized commercially available monoclonal antibodies to tubulin and actin followed by the protein A-gold technique (Roth et al., Endocrinology 108:247, 1981). Actin immunoreactivity was observed at the periphery of mitochondria and between mitochondria and lipid droplets in rat adrenocortical cells and at the periphery of neuronal cell processes of SC-DRG. Tubulin immunoreactivity was associated with microtubules throughout neurites of cultured DRG. Our modified technique allows preservation of ultrastructural details as well as localization of antigens by immunoelectron microscopy.
Electron Microscopy Methods and Protocols (1999)

Electron Microscopy Methods and Protocols is designed for the established researcher as a manual for extending knowledge of the field. It is also for the newcomer who wishes to move into the field. A
Enlarged pulmonary artery is predicted by vascular injury biomarkers and is associated with WTC-Lung Injury in exposed fire fighters: a case–control study (2014)

Elevated PA/A was associated with WTC-LI. Development of an elevated PA/A was predicted by biomarkers of vascular disease found in serum drawn within 6 months of WTC exposure. Increased PA/A is a potentially useful non-invasive biomarker of WTC-LI and warrants further study.
Combustion of Binary and Ternary Silicon/Oxidant Pyrotechnic Systems, Part II: Binary Systems With Sb2O3and KNO3as Oxidants (1993)

Abstract Abstract–Studies of binary Si/oxidant pyrotechnic systems have been extended by examination of the temperature profiles of Si/Sb2O3 and Si/KNO3 compositions. The burning rates of the Si/2O3 compositions (1.6 10 8.5 mm s-1) showed a maximum at ≃40% Si. Maximum heat of reaction was measured at ≃25% silicon. The temperature profiles showed a smooth rise to maximum temperatures of ≃1000 to 1300°C, except for low (<30%) Si contents. Maximum reaction temperatures for the Si/KNO3 compositions were beyond the range of the noble metal thermocouples for all compositions except for the 90% Si mixture. Burning rates (1.7 to 34.5 mm s-1) increased with silicon content (30 to 85%). The results for all four binary systems are compared and the effects of composition, compaction, surface areas of fuel and oxides and additives are discussed.
Pulsed Electric Field Processing as an Effective Tomato Peeling Method (2022)

Electrophysical technologies are a global trend of sustainable agriculture and food industry. Peeling is an energy-intensive procedure of fruit and vegetable processing. The research featured the effect of pulsed electric field (PEF) treatment on tomato peeling effectiveness. The assessment included such factors as specific effort, energy costs, and product losses in comparison with thermal and electrophysical methods.&#x0D; Tomatoes of Aurora variety underwent a PEF treatment at 1 kV/cm. The expended specific energy was 1, 5, and 10 kJ/kg. The tomatoes were visually evaluated with optical microscopy before and after processing. The peeling effectiveness and mass loss were measured with a texture analyzer and digital scales.&#x0D; The PEF treatment decreased the specific force of mechanical peel removal by 10% (P &lt; 0.05). The mass loss decreased by 4% (P &lt; 0.05) at 1 kJ/kg. The PEF method resulted in cell electroporation, which activated the internal mass transfer of moisture from the endocarp region between the mesocarp and the integumentary tissue. The hydrostatic pressure produced a layer of liquid, which facilitated the peeling.&#x0D; In comparison with thermal treatment (blanching), ohmic heating, and ultrasonic processing, the PEF technology had the lowest production losses and energy costs. The research proves the prospects of the PEF treatment in commercial tomato processing.
Self-adaptive erbium-doped fiber amplifiers using machine learning (2013)

This paper presents a method to autonomously adjust the operating point of amplifiers in a cascade using an approach based on machine learning. The goal is to smoothly adjust the gain of each amplifier in the cascade in order to reach predefined input and output power levels for the entire link, aiming to minimize both the noise figure and the gain flatness of the transmission system. The proposal uses an iterative method and performs feedforward and backward error adjustments based on local information. The experimental results indicate that our proposal can optimize the performance of the link ensuring predefined input and output power levels, which is important in a network scenario. As an example, our proposal was capable to define the gain of 6 amplifiers returning a link with a noise figure equal to 30.06 dB and a gain flatness equal to 5.26 dB, while maintaing the input and output powers around 3 dBm with an error lower than 0.1 dB.
Cholesterol Lowering and the Risk of Stroke-Reply (1996)

<h3>In reply</h3> We agree with Boop and colleagues that newer lipid-lowering drugs (hydroxymethylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitors or statins) that yield greater reductions in cholesterol raise the possibility of decreased risks of strokes as well as coronary events. In particular, in the recently reported Scandinavian Simvastatin Survival Study, conducted in patients with coronary disease, a significant 30% reduction in risk of stroke was found in the simvastatintreated group compared with the placebo-treated group.<sup>1</sup>The mean percent reduction achieved in total cholesterol in that study was 25%: more than twofold the average 10% reduction achieved in previous trials. Several other such trials with these agents will be completed in the relatively near future, and systematic overviews of all the data may provide a firm basis for treatment recommendations for lowering the risk of stroke.
Optimum Accelerated Life-Tests for the Weibull and Extreme Value Distributions (1975)

This paper presents charts for optimum accelerated life-test plans for estimating a simple linear relationship between an accelerating stress and product life, which has a Weibull or smallest extreme value distribution, when the data are to be analyzed before all tests units fail. The plans show that one need not run all test units to failure and that more units ought to be tested at low test stresses than at high ones. The plans are illustrated with a voltage-accelerated life test of an electrical insulating fluid.
New, Accurate Lennard-Jones Parameters for Trivalent Lanthanide Ions, Tested on [18]Crown-6 (1999)

The binding affinities of [18]crown-6 and La3+, Nd3+, Gd3+, and Yb3+ have been reproduced in MeOH with Monte Carlo free-energy perturbation calculations which used newly derived Lennard-Lones parameters for the Ln3+ ions. The figure shows the complex of a lanthanide ion and the crown ether.
Immobilization of Pybox Ligand on Modified Starch (2005)

Abstract Starch, one of the most abundant natural polymer was used as support for chiral pyridine–bis(oxazoline) ligand. The corresponding ruthenium complex was used as catalyst in cyclopropanation reaction of styrene with ethyl diazoacetate. Yield, diastereoisomeric excess and enantiomeric excess kept constant after 3 runs.
Composition and antibacterial activity of Abies balsamea essential oil (2006)

The antibacterial activity of the essential oil of Abies balsamea (balsam fir) was evaluated against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. The essential oil of A. balsamea was found to be inactive against E. coli (>100 microg/mL) and active against S. aureus, with an MIC of 56 microg/mL. The oil composition was analysed by GC-MS and the antibacterial activity of each oil constituent was determined. The essential oil of A. balsamea is essentially constituted of monoterpenes (>96%) and some sesquiterpenes. beta-pinene (29.9%), delta-3-carene (19.6%) and alpha-pinene (14.6%) were the major components. beta-pinene and delta-3-carene were found inactive against both bacteria strains. However, three constituents of the essential oil were active against S. aureus: alpha-pinene, beta-caryophyllene (0.4%) and alpha-humulene (0.2%) with MIC values of 13.6 microg/mL, 5.1 microg/mL and 2.6 microg/mL, respectively.
A RE‐EVALUATION OF DOPAMINE EXCRETION IN PHAEOCHROMOCYTOMA (1986)

In a re-evaluation of the use of dopamine as a prognostic factor in phaeochromocytoma, a series of 34 patients was imaged with iodine-131-meta-iodobenzylguanidine, a radiopharmaceutical specifically localized in chromaffin tumours. Fourteen patients were found to have malignant disease. Increased dopamine excretion was found in 9 (64%) of these patients including all four with primary intra-adrenal tumours, and this was associated with a poor prognosis. Of the five patients in the malignant group with normal dopamine excretion on referral, the disease extent was minimal and in four the primary tumour had been resected. Twenty patients appeared to have benign phaeochromocytoma from the imaging results. Of these, 16 were intra-adrenal and four were extra-adrenal. In 19 the dopamine excretion was within the control range but in one it was marginally increased. From these observations it would seem that dopamine excretion may be a useful prognostic factor when combined with imaging to determine the extent of the disease.
Direct frequency modulation of an ADPLL for bluetooth/GSM with injection pulling elimination (2005)

We propose and demonstrate a Gaussian frequency-shift keying and Gaussian minimum-shift keying (GMSK) pulse-shape filtering for wireless RF transmitters with an arbitrary reference frequency. The filter is software controlled to work in a multistandard radio. Spurs, which are due to the frequency injection pulling, in cases when the reference harmonics are close enough to the oscillating frequency, are avoided by means of retiming the reference clock by the RF oscillator. Baseband clock for the pulse-shape filtering is derived through a simple fractional-N division of the reference frequency. This saves area and power since it is no longer required to create a low-jitter clock for baseband symbol generation and modulating data. It is especially advantageous when the available reference frequency is not an integer multiple of the symbol rate. The presented transmitter is realized without any explicit analog filtering and is part of a commercial single-chip fully compliant Bluetooth radio fabricated in a digital 130-nm CMOS process. We demonstrate the software programming capability through an experimental GMSK modulation for the global system for mobile communication.
Surgical technique and colorectal cancer: impaction on local recurrence and survival. (1995)

The survival of patients with large bowel cancer continues to improve. This may be explained by an evolution in surgical technique for cancer resection. Survival statistics between 30% and 75% can be found for the same stage of disease by different surgeons and at different institutions. The absolute requirement for survival is a complete resection of cancer with free margins of dissection. The etiology of local recurrence was suggested to be spilled tumor cells from venous blood, trasected lymphatics or from tissue trauma at narrow margins of dissection. Blunt dissection technique may be responsible for an increased incidence of local recurrence and cancer related death especially in metastatically insufficient cancers. Although no touch technique may not be important, the wide dissection that it promotes is of benefit. Even if adjacent structures are involved, an anatomically disciplined en bloc sharp or electrosurgical dissection are the surgical techniques that are of paramount importance. Adjuvant intraperitoneal cytostatic agents may in the future be used to eliminate spilled tumor cells that may occur even though the surgical approach is optimized.
SharpSSAT: A Witness-Generating Stochastic Boolean Satisfiability Solver (2023)

Stochastic Boolean satisfiability (SSAT) is a formalism allowing decision-making for optimization under quantitative constraints. Although SSAT solvers are under active development, existing solvers do not provide Skolem-function witnesses, which are crucial for practical applications. In this work, we develop a new witness-generating SSAT solver, SharpSSAT, which integrates techniques, including component caching, clause learning, and pure literal detection. It can generate a set of Skolem functions witnessing the attained satisfying probability of a given SSAT formula. We also equip the solver ClauSSat with witness generation capability for comparison. Experimental results show that SharpSSAT outperforms current state-of-the-art solvers and can effectively generate compact Skolem-function witnesses. The new witness-generating solver may broaden the applicability of SSAT to practical applications.
Ti:LiNbO3 Linear Interferometric Modulators and Photorefractive Effects (1984)

Linear operation of a Ti:LiNbO 3 channel waveguide interferometric modulator with asymmetric arms was previously demonstrated at 633 nm. 1 Such a device, when driven by a dipole antenna and coupled with single mode fibers, 2 would form an integrated optic electromagnetic field sensor. Much improved dynamic range has now been achieved at 830 nm using a single-polarization interferometer. We have also observed the effects of photorefractive induced index change (optical damage) on device performance.
ChemInform Abstract: 1,3‐Dipolar Cycloaddition Reaction of α,β‐Unsaturated Esters and Lactones with Diazomethane. (1996)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Active stabilisation of polarisation on a single-mode fibre (1984)

We report on a practical method for stabilising the state of polarisation on a single-mode fibre exhibiting a 100% degree of polarisation. The principle of operation is reviewed, as are the practical implementation aspects and experimental results for polarisation stabilisation with a 1.3 μm-wavelength laser diode.