gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Microencapsulation of Chokeberry Polyphenols and Volatiles: Application of Alginate and Pectin as Wall Materials (2021)

Microencapsulation is a rapidly evolving technology that allows preservation of various high-value, but unstable, compounds, such as polyphenols and volatiles. These components of chokeberry juice are reported to have various health-promoting properties. In the present study, hydrogel beads with alginate or alginate and pectin as wall materials and chokeberry juice as active agent were prepared using Encapsulator B-390. The effects of different compositions of wall material as well as the duration of complexation (30 or 90 min) with hardening solution on microencapsulation of chokeberry polyphenols and volatiles were investigated. Spectrophotometric and HPLC analyses showed that beads with pectin addition contained higher concentrations of polyphenols and anthocyanins compared to those prepared with alginate. Antioxidant activities evaluated with FRAP, CUPRAC, DPPH, and ABTS assays followed the same trend. Encapsulation of volatiles which were determined using GC-MS analysis also depended on the composition of hydrogel beads and in some cases on the time of complexation. Results of this study showed that the selection of the wall material is a relevant factor determining the preservation of polyphenols and volatiles. The incorporation of bioactive compounds in hydrogel beads opens up a wide range of possibilities for the development of functional and innovative foods.
[Human prostatic tissue specific antigens: a model for the research of monoclonal antibodies against unknown antigens]. (1993)

Mouse monoclonal antibodies were prepared using a cell mixture containing prostatic secretory, basal cells and stromal cells as an immunogen, and by the immunofluorescence method with cryosections of prostate tissue. An immunohistochemical screening process was used in the expectation that it would help identify not only the antibodies reacting with the secretory cells predominant in the prostate but also those reacting with relatively rare cells in the prostate tissue. Two cell clones have been established which produce antibodies (IgG1) that react well with prostatic secretory cells: a clone producing antibodies specific to prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP) and one producing antibodies specific to prostate-specific antigen (PSA). These antibodies could recognize the native antigens in the seminal plasma, respectively. These findings indicate that antibodies recognizing only one substance can be prepared, even when a mixture of prostatic tissue including many proteases is used as an immunogen. Production of antibodies against prostate-specific antigens other than PAP and PSA by this method should provide a useful means for analyzing unknown antigens in the prostate.
Fast Variance Prediction for Iteratively Reconstructed CT Images With Locally Quadratic Regularization (2016)

Predicting noise properties of iteratively reconstructed CT images is useful for analyzing reconstruction methods; for example, local noise power spectrum (NPS) predictions may be used to quantify the detectability of an image feature, to design regularization methods, or to determine dynamic tube current adjustment during a CT scan. This paper presents a method for fast prediction of reconstructed image variance and local NPS for statistical reconstruction methods using quadratic or locally quadratic regularization. Previous methods either require impractical computation times to generate an approximate map of the variance of each reconstructed voxel, or are restricted to specific CT geometries. Our method can produce a variance map of the entire image, for locally shift-invariant CT geometries with sufficiently fine angular sampling, using a computation time comparable to a single back-projection. The method requires only the projection data to be used in the reconstruction, not a reconstruction itself, and is reasonably accurate except near image edges where edge-preserving regularization behaves highly nonlinearly. We evaluate the accuracy of our method using reconstructions of both simulated CT data and real CT scans of a thorax phantom.
Effect of Pulsed Electromagnetic Fields on Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells Using 3D Magnetic Scaffolds (2020)

Alternative bone regeneration strategies that do not rely on harvested tissue or exogenous growth factors are needed. One of the major challenges in tissue reconstruction is recreating the bone tissue microenvironment using the appropriate combination of cells, scaffold, and stimulation to direct differentiation. This study presents a bone regeneration formulation that involves the use of human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hASCs) and a three-dimensional (3D) hydrogel scaffold based on self-assembled RADA16 peptides containing superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (NPs). Although superparamagnetic NPs could be used as stimulus to manipulate the cell proliferation and differentiation, in this paper their use is explored for assisting osteogenic differentiation of hASCs in conjunction with direct stimulation by extremely low-frequency pulsed electromagnetic fields (pEMFs). Cellular morphology, proliferation, and viability, as well as alkaline phosphatase activity, calcium deposition, and osteogenic capacity were monitored for cells cultured up to 21 days in the 3D construct. The results show that the pEMFs and NPs do not have any negative effect on cell viability, but instead distinctly induced early differentiation of hASCs to an osteoblastic phenotype, when compared with cells without biophysical stimulation. This effect is attributed to synergy between the pEMFs and NPs, which may have stimulated mechanotransduction pathways, which, in turn activated biochemical signals between cells to differentiate or proliferate. This approach may offer a safe and effective option for the treatment of non-union bone fractures. Bioelectromagnetics. © 2020 The Authors. Bioelectromagnetics published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Chitosan‐Derived NiO‐Mn 2 O 3 /C Nanocomposites as Non‐Precious Catalysts for Enhanced Oxygen Reduction Reaction (2018)

Abstract NiO‐Mn 2 O 3 /C nanocomposite was synthesized from chitosan, a renewable biopolymer, NiO and MnO 2 and pyrolyzed at 500 °C under nitrogen. The morphology of material was characterized with various microscopic analyses. The graphitic carbon showed metal nanoparticles dispersed on the nanocomposite that could be clearly differentiated. X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy indicated the Mn species reduced from +4 to +3 oxidation state, while Ni species remained as NiO, which was further supported by X‐ray diffraction. The electrochemical behavior of NiO‐Mn 2 O 3 /C toward oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in alkaline medium was investigated via cyclic voltammetry (CV). CVs revealed a ORR peak at 0.67 V vs . RHE with significantly high current density. Hydrodynamic studies indicated that NiO‐Mn 2 O 3 /C catalyzed ORR via a four‐electron reduction pathway. A high rate constant in the order of magnitude of 10 6 mol −1 s −1 was obtained for ORR. This low‐cost, environmentally friendly and stable ORR catalyst derived from chitosan and doped with metal oxides proved to be a promising electrocatalyst for ORR and could alternatively find its application in alkaline fuel cells (AFCs).
ChemInform Abstract: A Mild and Efficient Method for Preparation of Azides from Alcohols Using Acidic Ionic Liquid [H‐NMP]HSO4. (2009)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Effect of vitamin C on the growth of experimentally induced endometriotic cysts (2013)

The dose-dependent vitamin C supplementation significantly reduced the volumes and weights of the endometriotic cysts.
Modeling parametric scattering instabilities in large-scale expanding plasmas (2006)

We present results from two-dimensional simulations of long scale-length laser-plasma interaction experiments performed at LULI. With the goal of predictive modeling of such experiments with our code Harmony2D, we take into account realistic plasma density and velocity profiles, the propagation of the laser light beam and the scattered light, as well as the coupling with the ion acoustic waves in order to describe Stimulated Brillouin Scattering (SBS). Laser pulse shaping is taken into accountto follow the evolution of the SBS reflectivity as close as possible to the experiment. The light reflectivity is analyzed by distinguishing the backscattered light confined in the solid angle defined by the aperture of the incident light beam and the scattered light outside this cone. As in the experiment, it is observed that the aperture of the scattered light tends to increase with the mean intensity of the RPP-smoothed laser beam. A further common feature between simulations and experiments is the observed localization of the SBS-driven ion acoustic waves (IAW) in the front part of the target (with respect to the incoming laser beam).
Modeling of VSC-HVDC and its active power control scheme (2005)

The paper presents an equivalent continuous-time state-space model in the synchronous dq reference frame for VSC-HVDC. Based on the model, a power controller is designed to follow command signals. A multi-input multi-output (MIMO) control scheme is developed in the paper. The scheme features feed forward compensation to eliminate the coupling between the d- and q-axis of the voltage source converter (VSC) model. Also, the response speed of the controller can be accelerated by introducing a derivative to the active power loop. With the simulation using PSCAD/EMTDC, the validity of the mathematic model and the feasibility of the power controller have been proved.
A typology of foreign auction markets in sub-Saharan Africa (1994)

The authors compare and contrast the design and outcomes of different foreign exchange auctions in four countries in sub-Saharan Africa and present a typology of such auctions. They identify two distinct sets of countries in terms of the auctions' features, policy interventions, and outcomes. In Ghana and Uganda, the exchange rate auctions are judged to have been largely on target in exchange rate unification, exchange rate stabilization, and efficient allocation of foreign exchange. The auctions in Nigeria and Zambia, on the other hand, were subject to frequent policy interventions, resulting in unsustainable auctions, inefficient allocation of foreign exchange (through ad hoc disqualifications), limited unification, and a rather volatile exchange rate. The conclusions reached by the authors are broadly corroborated by a statistical analysis of weekly micro-auction data for all four countries.
Meta-Meta Classification for One-Shot Learning (2022)

We present a new approach, called meta-meta classification, to learning in small-data settings. In this approach, one uses a large set of learning problems to design an ensemble of learners, where each learner has high bias and low variance and is skilled at solving a specific type of learning problem. The meta-meta classifier learns how to examine a given learning problem and combine the various learners to solve the problem. The meta-meta learning approach is especially suited to solving few-shot learning tasks, as it is easier to learn to classify a new learning problem with little data than it is to apply a learning algorithm to a small data set. We evaluate the approach on a one-shot, one-class-versus-all classification task and show that it is able to outperform traditional meta-learning as well as ensembling approaches.
Patterns of pncA mutations in drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolated from patients in South Korea (2011)

pncA mutation in M. tuberculosis is a major mechanism of PZA resistance in MDR isolates from patients in South Korea. The patterns of mutation might be more scattered and diverse. DNA-based diagnosis of PZA resistance has potential for the rapid detection of drug resistance.
A blind adaptive QR-based lattice multi-channel filter for cellular base-station TDMA transceivers with antenna arrays (2002)

A new adaptive algorithm for blind interference rejection and multipath mitigation is studied and applied to antenna array processing in TDMA cellular communication systems. It is shown how the estimation of multiple signals from different sources by means of a multi-sensor receiver can be formulated as a multi-channel deconvolution problem. The method proposed is based on high-order statistics (HOS) processing of the baseband vector samples at the antenna array output. The similarity between the cumulant-based solution and the standard multi-variable least squares solution is exploited to derive an efficient adaptive algorithm based on the vector lattice architecture. The algorithm is numerically stable, considerably less complex than other existing multi-channel methods using HOS processing and exhibits rapid convergence with respect to blind array processing algorithms using simple gradient-based minimization procedures.
A New Screening Method for Probiotic Lactic Acid Bacteria in the Lactobacillus acidophilus Group by Using Carbohydrate Probes (2000)

To select probiotic strains of the Lactobacillus (L.) acidophilus group with high adhesion to human intestinal tracts for developing the functional yogurt, a new screening method using biotinylated carbohydrate probe (BCP) was introduced. After incubation of living cells of 30 strains of the L. acidophilus group with 5 kinds of BCPs which possess representative partial structures of the sugar chains constituting of human colonic mucin, the interaction between cell-surface lectins and BCP were evaluated. The highest reactivity was detected in 19 strains (about 63%) with a trisaccharide probe (GalNAcα (1→3)[Fucα (1→2)] Galβ 1→). The cell-surface lectin activity was first clearly confirmed in the B group of the L. acidophilus group. The adhesion evaluation score (AE score, total sum of each absorbance of 5 BCPs samples) is considered to be useful as an indicator for selection of the probiotic strains which have high adhesiveness in human gastrointestinal tract.
AMC: Attention Guided Multi-modal Correlation Learning for Image Search (2017)

Given a users query, traditional image search systems rank images according to its relevance to a single modality (e.g., image content or surrounding text). Nowadays, an increasing number of images on the Internet are available with associated meta data in rich modalities (e.g., titles, keywords, tags, etc.), which can be exploited for better similarity measure with queries. In this paper, we leverage visual and textual modalities for image search by learning their correlation with input query. According to the intent of query, attention mechanism can be introduced to adaptively balance the importance of different modalities. We propose a novel Attention guided Multi-modal Correlation (AMC) learning method which consists of a jointly learned hierarchy of intra and inter-attention networks. Conditioned on querys intent, intra-attention networks (i.e., visual intra-attention network and language intra-attention network) attend on informative parts within each modality, a multi-modal inter-attention network promotes the importance of the most query-relevant modalities. In experiments, we evaluate AMC models on the search logs from two real world image search engines and show a significant boost on the ranking of user-clicked images in search results. Additionally, we extend AMC models to caption ranking task on COCO dataset and achieve competitive results compared with recent state-of-the-arts.
Characterization of the IgG-Fc receptor on human platelets (1982)

To determine quantitatively the number and avidity of receptors for the Fc portion of IgG on human platelets, we have measured the binding to platelets of human monomeric monoclonal IgG, and of small covalently crosslinked polymers of IgG1 labeled with 125I. The binding of labeled IgG1 monomers to platelets is too weak to permit quantitation. The binding of dimers or larger polymers of IgG1 is much more avid (greater at 4 degrees C than 37 degrees C), is readily reversible, and is saturable. The number of receptor sites ranges from 400 to 2000 per platelet and the mean equilibrium association constant (Ka) for the binding of dimers at 4 degrees C is 2.2 x 10(7) M-1 +/- 0.9 x 10(7) M-1. The binding is specific for the Fc portion of IgG, and IgG1 and IgG3 bind to the receptors much more avidly than IgG2 or IgG4. Unlabeled IgG1 dimers are about 7--8-fold more potent in inhibiting binding than are IgG1 monomers, and larger polymers are even more potent than dimers. Thus, the Fc receptors on platelets bind human IgG1 with the same specificity and similar avidity as Fc receptors on polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs), but PMNs have about 300-fold more receptors per unit of surface area than platelets.
Differentially Private Coded Federated Linear Regression (2021)

Federated Learning (FL) is a distributed learning method, where participants learn a model collaboratively by exchanging information without sharing their ‘raw’ databases. This is of great importance in areas where databases hold private information of individuals, for e.g., healthcare information. In this paper we address two major challenges in FL for Linear Regression models when used on private databases in a Mobile Edge Computing (MEC) environment: 1) Providing provable privacy guarantees and 2) Reduction in communication and computational overheads at the client. We propose our scheme Differentially Private-Coded Federated Linear Regression (DP-CFL) in which each client generates “coded” data by perturbed random linear combinations of its data and shares them with a MEC Server. The MEC Server combines coded data from multiple clients and performs gradient descent in the coded domain without any further communication from clients. We analytically prove (∊, δ)-Differential Privacy guarantee for our scheme and use a combination of analysis and simulations to show the computation and communication savings of our approach with respect to a Federated Differentially Private-Stochastic Gradient Descent (FDP-SGD).
Indoor radio environment considerations in selecting a media access control protocol for wideband radio data communications (2002)

The effects of the indoor environment on digital signal propagation are examined from the perspective of transmitting high bit rate bursty computer file data. The nature of channel outage occurrence and the effectiveness of techniques such as forward error correction and trellis code modulation in combating errors generated by a multipath channel are discussed. Having identified the important characteristics of data corruption in the multipath channel, a suitable media access control protocol is suggested, which makes best utilization of these characteristics, and is robust, so that it recovers quickly from the sudden loss of a link with a minimum waste of bandwidth.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Numerical Studies on Parameters for Stable Adiabatic Inversion by Gaussian and Square Pulses (1991)

Adiabatic inversion processes are discussed for a two-level system. It was found that the required conditions for stable inversion are Ω 2 / | dΔ/d t | ≥0.5, Δ s τ≥3 for Gaussian pulse and Δ s /Ω≥11 for square pulse, where Ω, Δ, Δ s and τ represent Rabi frequency, detuning, frequency-sweep width and optical pulse width, respectively. It was also shown that for Gaussian pulse, adiabatic conditions of Δ s /Ω and Ω 2 / | dΔ/d t | are related to each other, while for square pulse, both conditions are determined independently.
A double-hexameric MCM2-7 complex is loaded onto origin DNA during licensing of eukaryotic DNA replication (2009)

During pre-replication complex (pre-RC) formation, origin recognition complex (ORC), Cdc6, and Cdt1 cooperatively load the 6-subunit mini chromosome maintenance (MCM2-7) complex onto DNA. Loading of MCM2-7 is a prerequisite for DNA licensing that restricts DNA replication to once per cell cycle. During S phase MCM2-7 functions as part of the replicative helicase but within the pre-RC MCM2-7 is inactive. The organization of replicative DNA helicases before and after loading onto DNA has been studied in bacteria and viruses but not eukaryotes and is of major importance for understanding the MCM2-7 loading mechanism and replisome assembly. Lack of an efficient reconstituted pre-RC system has hindered the detailed mechanistic and structural analysis of MCM2-7 loading for a long time. We have reconstituted Saccharomyces cerevisiae pre-RC formation with purified proteins and showed efficient loading of MCM2-7 onto origin DNA in vitro. MCM2-7 loading was found to be dependent on the presence of all pre-RC proteins, origin DNA, and ATP hydrolysis. The quaternary structure of MCM2-7 changes during pre-RC formation: MCM2-7 before loading is a single hexamer in solution but is transformed into a double-hexamer during pre-RC formation. Using electron microscopy (EM), we observed that loaded MCM2-7 encircles DNA. The loaded MCM2-7 complex can slide on DNA, and sliding is not directional. Our results provide key insights into mechanisms of pre-RC formation and have important implications for understanding the role of the MCM2-7 in establishment of bidirectional replication forks.
RNA N6-methyladenosine methylation in post-transcriptional gene expression regulation (2015)

N(6)-methyladenosine (m(6)A) is the most prevalent and internal modification that occurs in the messenger RNAs (mRNA) of most eukaryotes, although its functional relevance remained a mystery for decades. This modification is installed by the m(6)A methylation "writers" and can be reversed by demethylases that serve as "erasers." In this review, we mainly summarize recent progress in the study of the m(6)A mRNA methylation machineries across eukaryotes and discuss their newly uncovered biological functions. The broad roles of m(6)A in regulating cell fates and embryonic development highlight the existence of another layer of epigenetic regulation at the RNA level, where mRNA is subjected to chemical modifications that affect protein expression.
Characterization of Nanoparticles for Nanomaterial Environmental Health and Safety Studies: The Physics and Metrology for Several Common Approaches (2020)

Tiered risk as sessment approaches for nanomaterial environmental health and safety (nanoEHS) require a detailed understanding of the size and the size distribution of the material being used. There are many metrological tools to choose from, each with its own strengths and weaknesses that influence the results being reported on the exact same batch of material. This review analyzes the physics and metrology in several commonly employed techniques for characterizing nanoparticle (NP) sizes and size distributions and presents how this leads to variations in the reported results. Finally, a case study applying this knowledge to measuring silver (Ag) NP systems is presented, including business-based examples for selecting high-throughput, low-cost measurement approaches for production quality control, and it validates these approaches with goldstandard techniques and statistically significant sampling plans.