gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Adaptive filtering for noise reduction in hue saturation intensity color space (2002)

Even though the hue saturation intensity (HSI) color model has been widely used in color image processing and analysis, the con- version formulas from the RGB color model to HSI are nonlinear and complicated in comparison with the conversion formulas of other color models. When an RGB image is degraded by random Gaussian noise, this nonlinearity leads to a nonuniform noise distribution in HSI, making accurate image analysis more difficult. We have analyzed the noise characteristics of the HSI color model and developed an adaptive spatial filtering method to reduce the magnitude of noise and the nonuniformity of noise variance in the HSI color space. With this adaptive filtering method, the filter kernel for each pixel is dynamically adjusted, depend- ing on the values of intensity and saturation. In our experiments we have filtered the saturation and hue components and generated edge maps from color gradients. We have found that by using the adaptive filtering method, the minimum error rate in edge detection improves by approxi- mately 15%. © 2002 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers.
Studies on new phosphonic acid antibiotics. IV. Structure determination of FR-33289, FR-31564 and FR-32863. (1980)

The structure of novel phosphonic acid antibiotics FR-33289, FR-31564, and FR-32863, produced by strains of Streptomyces, have been established as I, II, and III, respectively, on the basis of spectroscopic and chemical evidences.
Immunoglobulins of Patients Recovering from Yersinia enterocolitica Infections Exhibit Graves' Disease-like Activity in Human Thyroid Membranes (1991)

Substantial evidence suggests a link between infections with Yersinia enterocolitica (YE) and Graves' disease. We have now examined the sera of 72 patients recovering from YE infection for immunoglobulins that interacted with the TSH receptor in human thyroid membranes. Compared with controls, in concentrations between 1 and 4 mg/mL, patient IgG produced a significant, concentration-dependent inhibition of TSH binding (p less than 0.001) and stimulation of adenylate cyclase activity (p less than 0.005-0.05). Whereas IgG from normal individuals caused no stimulation of adenylate cyclase, IgG from controls caused some concentration-dependent displacement of TSH, as previously reported. However, IgG from convalescents of YE infections was significantly more potent than normal IgG in reducing the binding of TSH to the membrane. Thus, at each examined concentration, YE patients' IgG displaced more TSH than IgG from normal controls. For each milligram per milliliter increment of IgG in the assay, patients' IgG caused a 10.2% inhibition of TSH binding (r -0.90, p less than 0.001), significantly greater than that seen with normal IgG (p less than 0.02). The present studies provide the first demonstration that IgG of patients recovering from YE infections react with the human TSH receptor. The antibodies presumably are produced against the TSH-binding protein present in YE. However, in view of lack of evidence for thyroid dysfunction in the sera of patients recovering from yersiniosis and the presence of TSH-binding proteins in other bacteria, we postulate that infection with YE is neither necessary nor sufficient to cause thyroid autoimmune disease.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
ESTIMATION AND VALIDATION OF ENTECAVIR IN BULK AND PHARMACEUTICAL DOSAGE FORMS BY RP-HPLC (2014)

A highly simple, sensitive, reliable, rapid and specific RP-HPLC method was developed for the determination of Entecavir in tablet dosage form. This method was carried out on a C18 column (250 x 4.6 mm ID) maintained at 25 0 C. The mobile phase consisted of a methanol:water (1:1) was pumped at a flow rate of 0.8 ml/min. The chromatographic separation was obtained with a retention time of 9.36 minutes and the method was in linearity in the range of 5-25 g/ml (r 2 = 0.9991). The accuracy of the method was found to be 98.65-99.41 %. The limit of detection and limit of quantitation were found to be 0.372 and 1.128 mg/ml, respectively. The method was validated and demonstrated acceptable results for precision and robustness. The system with methanol:water (50:50 v/v) with 0.8 ml/min flow rate was quite robust. The optimum wavelength for detection was 254 nm at which better detector response for the selected drug was obtained. The average retention time required for the elution of Entecavir was found to be 4.107 + 0.03 minutes. Hence, the developed RP-HPLC method can be adopted for the routine analysis of Entecavir in bulk and pharmaceutical dosage forms in quality control laboratories.
Formation of Micro and Nanoscale Patterns of Monolayer Templates for Position Selective Immobilization of Oligonucleotide Using Ultraviolet and Electron Beam Lithography (2004)

Abstract Formation of organosilane monolayer templates using ultraviolet and electron-beam (EB) lithography was investigated. The oligonucleotides were covalently immobilized with high selectivity only to the amino-monolayer modified regions locally formed on the template surfaces at micro and nanometer scale. By using EB lithography, patterned immobilization in nanometer scale, as small as 20 nm, was achieved.
High-Dimensional Robust Mean Estimation via Outlier-Sparsity Minimization (2021)

We study the robust mean estimation problem in high dimensions, where less than half of the datapoints can be arbitrarily corrupted. Motivated by compressive sensing, we formulate the robust mean estimation problem as the minimization of the ℓ <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0</inf> -‘norm’ of an outlier indicator vector, under a second moment constraint on the datapoints. We further relax the ℓ <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0</inf> -‘norm’ to the ℓ <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">p</inf> -norm (0 < p ≤ 1) in the objective and prove that the global minima for each of these objectives are order-optimal for the robust mean estimation problem. Then we propose a computationally tractable iterative ℓ <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">p</inf> -minimization and hard thresholding algorithm based on the proposed optimization problems. Empirical studies demonstrate that the proposed algorithm outperforms state-of-the-art robust mean estimation methods.
Joint audio source separation and dereverberation based on multichannel factorial hidden Markov model (2014)

This paper proposes a unified approach for jointly solving underdetermined source separation, audio event detection and dereverberation of convolutive mixtures. For monaural source separation, one successful approach involves applying non-negative matrix factorization (NMF) to the magnitude spectrogram of a mixture signal, interpreted as a non-negative matrix. Several attempts have recently been made to extend this approach to a multichannel case in order to utilize the spatial correlation of the multichannel inputs as an additional clue for source separation. The multichannel NMF assumes that an observed signal is a mixture of a limited number of source signals each of which has a static power spectral density scaled by a time-varying amplitude. We have previously proposed an extension of this approach, in which the variations over time of the spectral density and the total power of each source is modeled by a hidden Markov model (HMM). This has allowed us to solve source activity detection and source separation simultaneously through model parameter inference. While this method was based on an anechoic mixing model, the aim of this paper is to further extend the above approach to deal with reverberation by incorporating an echoic mixing model into the generative model of observed signals. Through an experiment of underdetermined source separation under reverberant conditions, we confirmed that the proposed method provided a 9.61 dB improvement compared with the conventional method in terms of the signal-to-interference ratio.
Challenges of modeling nanostructured materials for photocatalytic water splitting (2022)

Understanding the water splitting mechanism in photocatalysis is a rewarding goal as it will allow producing clean fuel for a sustainable life in the future. However, identifying the photocatalytic mechanisms by modeling photoactive nanoparticles requires sophisticated computational techniques based on multiscale modeling. In this review, we will survey the strengths and drawbacks of currently available theoretical methods at different length and accuracy scales. Understanding the surface-active site through Density Functional Theory (DFT) using new, more accurate exchange-correlation functionals plays a key role for surface engineering. Larger scale dynamics of the catalyst/electrolyte interface can be treated with Molecular Dynamics albeit there is a need for more generalizations of force fields. Monte Carlo and Continuum Modeling techniques are so far not the prominent path for modeling water splitting but interest is growing due to the lower computational cost and the feasibility to compare the modeling outcome directly to experimental data. The future challenges in modeling complex nano-photocatalysts involve combining different methods in a hierarchical way so that resources are spent wisely at each length scale, as well as accounting for excited states chemistry that is important for photocatalysis, a path that will bring devices closer to the theoretical limit of photocatalytic efficiency.
A New Deconvolution Technique Based on Pressure-Derivative Data for Pressure-Transient-Test Interpretation (2011)

Summary In this paper, we present a new deconvolution method that removes the dependency of the deconvolved constant-rate drawdown responses on the initial reservoir pressure. It is well known that the late-time periods in particular of the deconvolved responses from the recent pressure-rate deconvolution methods are dependent on the initial reservoir pressure. A small error in the initial reservoir pressure could make a significant difference in the late-time periods of the deconvolved responses that can lead to an incorrect interpretation model, particularly misinterpretation of the boundaries. The new method presented is based on pressure-derivative data rather than pressure data that are used in all published deconvolution algorithms. Using pressure-derivative data in deconvolution leads to a nonlinear least-squares objective function that is different from those used in the earlier deconvolution methods and eliminates the dependency of the deconvolved responses on the initial reservoir pressure. Therefore, the new method minimizes incorrect interpretation because of an error or uncertainty in the initial reservoir pressure. We apply the new method to both simulated and field pressure-transient data sets. The results show that the new method offers a significant advantage over the earlier deconvolution methods for pressure-transient-test interpretation in cases where the initial reservoir pressure is unknown or uncertain.
SOLID SOLUTIONS OF HYDROGEN PEROXIDE AND WATER (1940)

An attempt has been made to determine the exact composition of the first crystals that separate out on freezing solutions of hydrogen peroxide and water of various concentrations. Special care was taken to ensure complete removal of any liquid wetting the solid phase. In all cases the crystals were found to contain both components and in proportions usually different from those in the mother-liquor. Owing to the limitations of the experimental method used, the results are only approximate, but they afford ample evidence for the existence of solid solutions. The possibility of hydrogen peroxide forming solid solutions with water is discussed from the standpoint of the crystal structure of both components.
Planning 3-D Path Networks in Unstructured Environments (2006)

In this paper, we explore the problem of three-dimensional motion planning in highly cluttered and unstructured outdoor environments. Because accurate sensing and modeling of obstacles is notoriously difficult in such environments, we aim to build computational tools that can handle large point data sets (e.g. LADAR data). Using a priori aerial data scans of forested environments, we compute a network of free space bubbles forming safe paths within environments cluttered with tree trunks, branches and dense foliage. The network (roadmap) of paths is used for efficiently planning paths that consider obstacle clearance information. We present experimental results on large point data sets typical of those faced by Unmanned Aerial Vehicles, but also applicable to ground-based robots navigating through forested environments.
Creep Modeling of Welded Joints Using the Theta Projection Concept and Finite Element Analysis (1999)

Modeling of welded joints under creep conditions with finite element analysis was undertaken using the theta projection method. The results were compared to modeling based on a simple Norton law. Theta projection data extends the accuracy and predictive capability of finite element modeling of critical structures operating at high temperature and pressure. In some cases analyzed, it was found that the results diverged from those gained using a Norton law creep model. [S0094-9930(00)00601-6]
Tissue-specific mitochondrial heteroplasmy at position 16,093 within the same individual (2013)

Human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) research has entered a massively parallel sequencing (MPS) era, providing deep insight into mtDNA genomics and molecular diagnostics. Analysis can simultaneously include coding and control regions, many samples can be studied in parallel, and even minor heteroplasmic changes can be detected. We investigated heteroplasmy using 16 different tissues from three unrelated males aged 40-54 years at the time of death. mtDNA was enriched using two independent overlapping long-range PCR amplicons and analysed by employing illumina paired-end sequencing. Point mutation heteroplasmy at position 16,093 (m.16093T > C) in the non-coding regulatory region showed great variability among one of the studied individuals; heteroplasmy extended from 5.1 % in red bone marrow to 62.0 % in the bladder. Red (5.1 %) and yellow bone marrow (8.9 %) clustered into one group and two arteries and two aortas from different locations into another (31.2-50.9 %), giving an ontogenetic explanation for the formation of somatic mitochondrial heteroplasmy. Our results demonstrate that multi-tissue screening using MPS provides surprising data even when there is a limited number (3) of study subjects and they give reason to speculate that mtDNA heteroplasmic frequency, distribution, and even its possible role in complex diseases or phenotypes seem to be underestimated.
Response of automated tow placed laminates to stress concentrations (1993)

In this study, the response of laminates with stress concentrations is explored. Automated Tow Placed (ATP, also known as Fiber Placement) laminates are compared to conventional tape layup manufacturing. Previous tensile fracture tests on fiber placed laminates show an improvement in tensile fracture of large notches over 20 percent compared to tape layup laminates. A hierarchial modeling scheme is presented. In this scheme, a global model is developed for laminates with notches. A local model is developed to study the influence of inhomogeneities at the notch tip, which are a consequence of the fiber placement manufacturing technique. In addition, a stacked membrane model was developed to study delaminations and splitting on a ply-by-ply basis. The results indicate that some benefit with respect to tensile fracture (up to 11 percent) can be gained from inhomogeneity alone, but that the most improvement may be obtained with splitting and delaminations which are more severe in the case of fiber placement compared to tape layup. Improvements up to 36 percent were found from the model for fiber placed laminates with damage at the notch tip compared to conventional tape layup.
Frequent expression of activation-induced cytidine deaminase in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma tissues from persons living with HIV (2020)

Collectively, these findings support a potential role for AID in the pathogenesis of HIV-associated lymphomas and suggest the need of further investigations into the involvement of the DC-SIGN receptor-signaling pathway.
Can the risk of secondary cancer induction after breast conserving therapy be reduced using intraoperative radiotherapy (IORT) with low-energy x-rays? (2011)

The calculations for maximal doses and volumes of OAR suggest that the risk of secondary cancer induction after IORT is lower than compared to APBI and EBRT.
EHRA consensus on prevention and management of interference due to medical procedures in patients with cardiac implantable electronic devices (2022)

International audience
Synthesis and characterization of laterally substituted bis(alkoxybenzoyloxy)hydroquinones (2003)

A new series of laterally substituted bis(alkoxybenzoyloxy)hydroquinone compounds has been synthesized and their mesomorphic properties studied. A number of hydroquinone compounds were synthesized with terminal n-alkoxy chains ranging from n-butyloxy to n-decyloxy. Additionally, lateral substituents ranging from n-butyl to n-octyl were incorporated through esterification at the remaining unsubstituted phenolic oxygen atoms. By optimizing the combination of the end group and lateral moieties we were able to tailor the molecular structure to form different liquid crystalline phases.
De la nécessité d'encadrer l'activité syndicale des magistrats (2016)

Résumé Partant du postulat selon lequel la justice est une fonction de l'État, et non un contre-pouvoir, et que la légitimité du juge repose sur son impartialité, deux conséquences en seront tirées. La première peut s'énoncer ainsi : tant le droit du justiciable à un procès équitable que le principe de séparation des pouvoirs, impliquent qu'il soit interdit aux juges, individuellement ou en corps, et donc aux syndicats, de prendre publiquement des positions politiques et de s'immiscer dans la détermination de l'intérêt général qui appartient au pouvoir politique. C'est sur cette base que doit être engagée une réflexion sur la nécessaire réforme du droit syndical dans la magistrature. La seconde conséquence, renvoie à la composition, et indirectement aux compétences, du Conseil supérieur de la magistrature. L'indépendance de la justice ne peut se traduire par une autogestion syndicale du corps. L'extension des compétences de l'organe chargé de garantir l'indépendance de l'autorité judiciaire, doit être précédée d'une réflexion sur cette question. Il n'en reste pas moins que dans un contexte qui conduit le pouvoir politique à se défausser de ses responsabilités sur une justice dépourvue de moyens, le rôle des syndicats dans la défense des intérêts matériels des magistrats, est essentiel.
Live Imaging of SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Mice Reveals Neutralizing Antibodies Require Fc Function for Optimal Efficacy (2021)

Neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) are effective in treating COVID-19 but the mechanism of immune protection is not fully understood. Here, we applied live bioluminescence imaging (BLI) to monitor the real-time effects of NAb treatment in prophylaxis and therapy of K18-hACE2 mice intranasally infected with SARS-CoV-2-nanoluciferase. We could visualize virus spread sequentially from the nasal cavity to the lungs and thereafter systemically to various organs including the brain, which culminated in death. Highly potent NAbs from a COVID-19 convalescent subject prevented, and also effectively resolved, established infection when administered within three days. In addition to direct Fab-mediated neutralization, Fc effector interactions of NAbs with monocytes, neutrophils and natural killer cells were required to effectively dampen inflammatory responses and limit immunopathology. Our study highlights that both Fab and Fc effector functions of NAbs are essential for optimal <i>in vivo</i> efficacy against SARS-CoV-2.
Single cell and spatial transcriptomic analyses reveal microglia-plasma cell crosstalk in the brain during Trypanosoma brucei infection (2022)

Abstract Human African trypanosomiasis, or sleeping sickness, is caused by the protozoan parasite Trypanosoma brucei and induces profound reactivity of glial cells and neuroinflammation when the parasites colonise the central nervous system. However, the transcriptional and functional responses of the brain to chronic T. brucei infection remain poorly understood. By integrating single cell and spatial transcriptomics of the mouse brain, we identified that glial responses triggered by infection are readily detected in the proximity to the circumventricular organs, including the lateral and 3rd ventricle. This coincides with the spatial localisation of both slender and stumpy forms of T. brucei. Furthermore, in silico predictions and functional validations led us to identify a previously unknown crosstalk between homeostatic Cx3cr1+ microglia and Cd138+ plasma cells mediated by IL-10 and B cell activating factor (BAFF) signalling. This study provides important insights and resources to improve understanding of the molecular and cellular responses in the brain during infection with African trypanosomes.
Zebrafish Models of Cancer—New Insights on Modeling Human Cancer in a Non-Mammalian Vertebrate (2019)

Zebrafish (<i>Danio rerio</i>) is a valuable non-mammalian vertebrate model widely used to study development and disease, including more recently cancer. The evolutionary conservation of cancer-related programs between human and zebrafish is striking and allows extrapolation of research outcomes obtained in fish back to humans. Zebrafish has gained attention as a robust model for cancer research mainly because of its high fecundity, cost-effective maintenance, dynamic visualization of tumor growth in vivo, and the possibility of chemical screening in large numbers of animals at reasonable costs. Novel approaches in modeling tumor growth, such as using transgene electroporation in adult zebrafish, could improve our knowledge about the spatial and temporal control of cancer formation and progression in vivo. Looking at genetic as well as epigenetic alterations could be important to explain the pathogenesis of a disease as complex as cancer. In this review, we highlight classic genetic and transplantation models of cancer in zebrafish as well as provide new insights on advances in cancer modeling. Recent progress in zebrafish xenotransplantation studies and drug screening has shown that zebrafish is a reliable model to study human cancer and could be suitable for evaluating patient-derived xenograft cell invasiveness. Rapid, large-scale evaluation of in vivo drug responses and kinetics in zebrafish could undoubtedly lead to new applications in personalized medicine and combination therapy. For all of the above-mentioned reasons, zebrafish is approaching a future of being a pre-clinical cancer model, alongside the mouse. However, the mouse will continue to be valuable in the last steps of pre-clinical drug screening, mostly because of the highly conserved mammalian genome and biological processes.