gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Ti3C2 MXene Membranes for Gas Separation: Influence of Heat Treatment Conditions on D-Spacing and Surface Functionalization (2022)

Two-dimensional (2D) MXene materials have recently been the focus of membrane research due to their unique properties, such as their single-atomic-layer thickness, flexibility, molecular filtration abilities and microstructural similarities with graphene, which is currently the most efficient precursor material for gas separation applications. In addition, the potential to process nanoscale channels has motivated investigations of parameters which can improve membrane permeability and selectivity. Interlayer spacing and defects, which are still challenging to control, are among the most crucial parameters for membrane performance. Herein, the effect of heat treatment on the d-spacing of MXene nanosheets and the surface functionalization of nanolayers was shown regarding its impact on the gas diffusion mechanism. The distance of the layers was reduced by a factor of over 10 from 0.345 nm to 0.024 nm, the defects were reduced, and the surface functionalization was maintained upon treatment of the Ti<sub>3</sub>C<sub>2</sub> membrane at 500 °C under an Ar/H<sub>2</sub> atmosphere as compared to 80 °C under vacuum. This led to a change from Knudsen diffusion to molecular sieving, as demonstrated by single-gas permeation tests at room temperature. Overall, this work shows a simple and promising way to improve H<sub>2</sub>/CO<sub>2</sub> selectivity via temperature treatment under a controlled atmosphere.
Neuropharmacology of alcohol addiction (2008)

Despite the generally held view that alcohol is an unspecific pharmacological agent, recent molecular pharmacology studies demonstrated that alcohol has only a few known primary targets. These are the NMDA, GABA(A), glycine, 5-hydroxytryptamine 3 (serotonin) and nicotinic ACh receptors as well as L-type Ca(2+) channels and G-protein-activated inwardly rectifying K(+) channels. Following this first hit of alcohol on specific targets in the brain, a second wave of indirect effects on a variety of neurotransmitter/neuropeptide systems is initiated that leads subsequently to the typical acute behavioural effects of alcohol, ranging from disinhibition to sedation and even hypnosis, with increasing concentrations of alcohol. Besides these acute pharmacodynamic aspects of alcohol, we discuss the neurochemical substrates that are involved in the initiation and maintenance phase of an alcohol drinking behaviour. Finally, addictive behaviour towards alcohol as measured by alcohol-seeking and relapse behaviour is reviewed in the context of specific neurotransmitter/neuropeptide systems and their signalling pathways. The activity of the mesolimbic dopaminergic system plays a crucial role during the initiation phase of alcohol consumption. Following long-term, chronic alcohol consumption virtually all brain neurotransmission seems to be affected, making it difficult to define which of the systems contributes the most to the transition from controlled to compulsive alcohol use. However, compulsive alcohol drinking is characterized by a decrease in the function of the reward neurocircuitry and a recruitment of antireward/stress mechanisms comes into place, with a hypertrophic corticotropin-releasing factor system and a hyperfunctional glutamatergic system being the most important ones.
Opportunistic Refreshing Algorithm for eDRAM Memories (2016)

Embedded DRAM (eDRAM) is an alternative technology that can replace the area and power consumed by SRAM cache memories. eDRAM consumes half the area and an order of magnitude less power than SRAM, but has the drawback of access blockage caused by its periodic data refreshing. This paper presents an opportunistic refreshing algorithm along with the appropriate memory architecture and skim control logic. This architecture takes advantage of the access idleness of the internal partitions of the memory and enables most of the refreshing operations to run concurrently with the ordinary R/W access. This eliminates the refreshing burden almost completely. The algorithm was simulated with industrial DSP access traces, and outperformed in a wide range of eDRAM technologies and internal memory architectures.
Are We Modular Lying Cues Detectors? The Answer Is “Yes, Sometimes”. (2015)

We quickly form first impressions about newly encountered people guiding our subsequent behaviour (approach, avoidance). Such instant judgments might be innate and automatic, being performed unconsciously and independently to other cognitive processes. Lying detection might be subject to such a modular process. Unfortunately, numerous studies highlighted problems with lying detection paradigms such as high error rates and learning effects. Additionally, humans should be motivated doing both detecting others' lies and disguising own lies. Disguising own lies might even be more challenging than detecting other people's lies. Thus, when trying to disguise cheating behaviour, liars might display a mixture of disguising (fake) trust cues and uncontrolled lying cues making the interpretation of the expression difficult (perceivers are guessing). In two consecutive online studies, we tested whether seeing an increasing amount (range 0-4) of lying cues (LC) and non-lying cues (NLC) on a standard face results in enhanced guessing behaviour (studies 1 and 2) and that enhanced guessing is accompanied by slower responding (study 2). Results showed that pronounced guessing and slowest responding occurred for faces with an intermediate number and not with the highest number of LC and NLC. In particular, LC were more important than NLC to uncertain lying decisions. Thus, only a few LC may interfere with automatic processing of lying detection (irrespective of NLC), probably because too little lying cue information is yet available.
Circular heat and momentum flux radiated by magneto-optical nanoparticles (2018)

In the present article we investigate the heat and momentum fluxes radiated by a hot magneto-optical nanoparticle in its surroundings under the action of an external magnetic field. We show that the flux lines circulate in a confined region at a nanometric distance from the particle around the axis of the magnetic field in a vortexlike configuration. Moreover we prove that the spatial orientation of these vortices (clockwise or counterclockwise) is associated with the contribution of optical resonances with topological charges $m=+1$ or $m=\ensuremath{-}1$ to the thermal emission. This work paves the way for a geometric description of heat and momentum transport in lattices of magneto-optical particles. Moreover it could have important applications in the field of energy storage as well as in thermal management at nanoscale.
Oral Ribavirin Treatment Failure for Severe Parainfluenza Type 1 Infection in a Patient with End Stage Interstitial Lung Disease Successfully Treated with DAS181 (2016)

Parainfluenza virus (PIV) infections can cause serious respiratory infections and death in immunocompromised patients. No antiviral drugs have proven efficacy against PIV. DAS181, a sialidase fusion protein has been shown to inhibit infection with PIV strains both in vitro and in animal model. The clinical course of immunocompromised patients with PIV-1 infection is described. After being diagnosed with PIV infection, patient was treated for 18 days with oral Ribavirin (RBV) but failed to respond clinically and no virus clearance was obtained. However, patient tested negative for PIV after a 10-days DAS181 treatment course. This case exemplifies failure of oral RBV treatment of severe Parainfluenza virus infection and subsequent viral clearance associated with administration of inhaled DAS181. Large scale randomized trials are warranted to determine the therapeutic efficacy of DAS181 against PIV related lung disease.
Self-service Technology Adoption: An Analysis of Customer to Technology Interactions (2016)

Self-service technologies (SST) have become ubiquitous in modern life. The adoption of such technologies has been well researched in consumer contexts but little research exists in business contexts where knowledge workers interact with technology to consume work related services. This study attempts to address this deficit. Four dimensions of the SSTQUAL quality scale namely (a) functionality, (b) security, (c) design and (d) customization were used as a reference guide to collect data from 182 knowledge workers in a financial services multi-national organization. Findings from this analysis are presented herewith. The study is important for many reasons. First, it expands the discussion on SST adoption by focusing on a specific business (as opposed to consumer) context thus contributing to the body of knowledge in the domain. Second, it captures and analyzes real world empirical data and helps bridge the gap between theory and practice. Finally, the findings can help decision makers to ascertain whether to invest in SST as an alternative to service representative solutions.
Role of Surface Mode on Light Out-Coupling Characteristics of waveguide in Three Dimensional Photonic Crystals (2015)

The radiation pattern and out-coupling efficiency of light from the end surface of interlayer (oblique) waveguides in stacked-stripe 3-D photonic crystals are numerically investigated. It is shown that the coupling to the surface mode of the 3-D photonic crystal decreases the out-coupling efficiency to free-space modes down to 60%, whereas the reflection at the surface is negligibly small. The efficiency can be improved to 90% by introducing a 2-D grating-like structure to create a surface-mode gap, where surface modes are prohibited.
ONC201 activates ER stress to inhibit the growth of triple-negative breast cancer cells (2017)

ONC201 was previously identified as a first-in-class antitumor agent and small-molecule inducer of the TRAIL (tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand) gene that induces apoptosis in cancer cells. ONC201 has a safety profile and is currently in phase II clinical trials for the treatment of various malignancies. In the current study, we examine the effect of ONC201 on triple-negative breast cancer cells (TNBC), a subtype of breast cancer that is sensitive to TRAIL. We find that ONC201 inhibits the growth of TNBC cells including TNBC cells that have developed acquired TRAIL resistance. However, TNBC cells that have developed acquired ONC201 resistance are cross-resistant to TRAIL. Mechanistically, ONC201 triggers an integrated stress response (ISR) involving the activation of the transcription factor ATF4. Knockdown of ATF4 impairs ONC201-induced apoptosis of TNBC cells. Importantly, the activation of ATF4 is compromised in ONC201-resistant TNBC cells. Thus, our results indicate that ONC201 induces an ISR to cause TNBC cell death and suggest that TNBC patients may benefit from ONC201-based therapies.
Test of Basic Co-Simulation Algorithms Using FMI (2015)

Since the FMI technology gains ground in industrial environment, the demand for robust co-simulation increases. In a master-slave concept the master algorithms define the quality of a co-simulation whereas the properties of the coupled FMUs for co-simulation restrict the variety of possible master algorithms. In this paper an existing experimental master tool with three basic master algorithms was improved to support FMI 2.0 as well as 1.0. For testing more than 20 Modelica examples were developed from which FMUs for cosimulation were generated by established simulation tools (e.g., Dymola, SimulationX). The examples demonstrate differences of the three master algorithms. Recommendations for tearing as well as improving the master algorithms are given.
Control of vortical lift on delta wings by tangential leading-edge blowing (1988)

An experiment has been performed to examine the feasibility of vortex control by tangential mass injection at the leading edge of a 60 deg delta wing. The initial results indicate that direct control of the primary separation allows significant control of the vortex flow up to angles of attack of 60 deg. At lower angles of attack, the vortical flow may be removed entirely from the surface of the wing, recovering the fully attached flow case. The effects of the mass injection have been shown to be decoupled from the geometric angle of attack, allowing the possibility for controlling lift without changing attitude. Nomenclature b =wing semispan c =wing root chord Cg' = spanwise sectional rolling moment coefficient CL' = wing rolling moment coefficient Cn = spanwise sectional normal force coefficient CN = wing normal force coefficient Cp = pressure coefficient CM = bio wing momentum coefficient CM * = crossflow blowing momentum coefficient h = slot height Vj =jet velocity Fw = freestream velocity ae = effective angle of attack oig = geometric angle of attack e = wing semi apex angle
Editor's Note (2000)

This issue is the second of a three-part series in Russian Studies in History devoted to leading historians of early modern Russia. It showcases the work of Boris Nikolaevich Floria, a senior research scholar at the Institute of Slavic and Balkan Studies in Moscow, whose exemplary combination of comparative historical method and fundamental archival research sets the standard for scholarly excellence in his field. The series is edited by Nancy S. Kollmann, professor of history at Stanford University, author of By Honor Bound: State and Society in Early Modern Russia (Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1999).
Link adaptation method based on mutual information for BDMA massive MIMO transmission system (2015)

Massive Multiple-Input and Multiple-Output (MIMO) technology that employs a very large number of antennas at the base station (BS), serves relatively fewer users jointly and simultaneously. Adaptive transmission technique in a large-scale MIMO wireless communication systems, can further enhance the reliability of the transmission links and improve the spectrum efficiency. This paper is based on beam division multiple access (BDMA) transmission scheme that simultaneously serves a small number of users via different beam set. We first introduce the massive MIMO model, then propose an effective adaptive transmission method to select channel quality indicator (CQI) parameter. In the proposed scheme, user equipment (UE) is required to calculate the mutual information (MI) between the finite discrete constellation input and the corresponding output over complex-valued vector channels, and compare with different mutual information thresholds, then feed back a CQI for each codeword to signal the supported adaptive modulation and coding scheme (MCS) to satisfy a given target codeword error ratio (CWER) constraint. Finally, simulation results show that the proposed adaptive transmission method combined with iterative receiver can obtain a high spectral efficiency while guaranteeing the given CWER target.
Surgical revascularization in stable coronary artery disease with ventricular dysfunction: a single-center cohort study. (2021)

Significant myocardial ischemia and ventricular dysfunction before complete surgical revascularization did not influence the risk of cardiac-related deaths on long-term follow-up. This might be related to the improved survival after CABG in patients with myocardial ischemia and left ventricular dysfunction.
Effect of Ca 2+ on GP IIb-IIIa Interactions With Integrilin (1997)

These data suggest that citrate anticoagulation removes Ca2+ from GP IIb-IIIa and enhances the apparent inhibitory activity of Integrilin. This finding indicates that the inhibitory activity of Integrilin is overestimated in blood samples collected with citrate, suggesting that it may be possible to achieve greater antithrombotic efficacy beyond that observed in clinical trials to date with Integrilin.
A 0.5 μm CMOS CNN analog random access memory chip for massive image processing (2002)

An analog RAM has been designed to act as a cache memory for a CNN Universal Machine. Hence, all the non-standard chips are available for the CNN Chipset architecture. Time-multiplexed analog routines in the CNN processor require fast and efficient short-time signal storage in an analog buffer. This can be achieved by an extended sample and hold scheme able to address every sample to specific memory locations. Several arrays of capacitors are multiplexed sharing controlling circuitry and I/O buses. The design has the following key parameters: 637 analog memory cells/mm/sup 2/ with 0.4% accuracy, 100 ns access time and 170 ms storage time (within 1% error).
Quantum effects in chemistry: seven sample situations (2011)

Significant quantum effects in chemistry range from static structure (electronic and geometrical) through dynamical behavior, including optical properties, conductance, relaxation, decoherence, and thermalization. We outline seven situations in which molecular systems exhibit ineluctably quantum behavior. These range from situations in which the community can understand the problem quantitatively and conceptually (for example for dilute sets of spins in NMR) to femtosecond/attosecond situations, which the community understands only primitively. In condensed phase, the dynamics will always evolve in a system/bath environment, and we discuss here how to pose, and to start understanding, problems of that sort.
Zur Reaktion des Rhenium(VII)‐oxids mit 1,4‐Dioxan – Kristallstruktur von Re2O7(OH2)2 · 2(1,4‐Dioxan) (1996)

Abstract Durch Solvolyse des polymeren Re 2 O 7 mit 1,4‐Dioxan entstehen in Gegenwart von geringen Mengen H 2 O zwei Produkte mit den Zusammensetzungen Re 2 O 6 (OH) 2 · 3(1,4‐Dioxan) ( 1 ) und Re 2 O 7 · 2H 2 O · 2(1,4‐Dioxan) ( 2 ). Durch eine Röntgenstrukturanalyse konnte nun 2 , das als Edukt zur Synthese von reinem ReO 3 wichtig ist, strukturell charakterisiert werden. Die kristalline Phase ist als Re 2 O 7 (OH 2 ) 2 · 2(1,4‐Dioxan) zu formulieren und enthält im Gegensatz zu 1 kein an Rhenium koordiniertes 1,4‐Dioxan; sie besteht aus einer supramolekularen Anordnung von Re 2 O 7 (OH 2 ) 2 ‐Einheiten wie in der „festen Perrheniumsäure”︁ und über OH …︁ O‐Wasserstoffbrücken gebundenen 1,4‐Dioxan‐Molekülen. In Analogie zum Dirheniumheptoxid und der festen Perrheniumsäure ist eines der Rheniumatome tetraedrisch, das andere verzerrt‐oktaedrisch koordiniert.
Vision 20/20: Simultaneous CT‐MRI — Next chapter of multimodality imaging (2015)

Multimodality imaging systems such as positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET-CT) and MRI-PET are widely available, but a simultaneous CT-MRI instrument has not been developed. Synergies between independent modalities, e.g., CT, MRI, and PET/SPECT can be realized with image registration, but such postprocessing suffers from registration errors that can be avoided with synchronized data acquisition. The clinical potential of simultaneous CT-MRI is significant, especially in cardiovascular and oncologic applications where studies of the vulnerable plaque, response to cancer therapy, and kinetic and dynamic mechanisms of targeted agents are limited by current imaging technologies. The rationale, feasibility, and realization of simultaneous CT-MRI are described in this perspective paper. The enabling technologies include interior tomography, unique gantry designs, open magnet and RF sequences, and source and detector adaptation. Based on the experience with PET-CT, PET-MRI, and MRI-LINAC instrumentation where hardware innovation and performance optimization were instrumental to construct commercial systems, the authors provide top-level concepts for simultaneous CT-MRI to meet clinical requirements and new challenges. Simultaneous CT-MRI fills a major gap of modality coupling and represents a key step toward the so-called "omnitomography" defined as the integration of all relevant imaging modalities for systems biology and precision medicine.
EPR Study of Reactivity of Endohedral Metallofullerenes La@C82and Y@C82 (1998)

Abstract Reactivity of La@C82 in the mixture with C60 and C70 vs L2pto, phosphoryl radical ∗P(O)(OR)2, and CF3COOH has been studied using EPR spectroscopy. Whereas two former reagents did not change EPR spectrum, treatment with CF3COOH in toluene caused the disappearance of minor octet and a new signal was observed. Similar behaviour was found upon treatment of Y@C82 with CF3COOH. It is interpreted as selective protonation of one isomer of endohedral metallofullerene.
Contemporary Sociopolitical Transformations Within the Bounds of Social Time (1999)

The scale and depth of the changes that were initiated in Russia in the second half of the eighties evoked the natural interest of scholars and politicians, especially in the direction of this process, in the different directions in which Russia might move in sociohistorical space, and finally in the features of modernization specific to Russia and hence in the expected—or rather the probabl—results of this modernization. It is worth noting that the proceedings of the annual international symposia organized in Moscow by Intercenter and the Moscow School of Social and Economic Sciences to discuss problems of our post-perestroika development are published under the title Khither Russia?1
Efficient VLSI for Lempel-Ziv compression in wireless data communication networks (1998)

We present a parallel algorithm, architecture, and implementation for efficient Lempel-Ziv (LZ)-based data compression. The parallel algorithm exhibits a scalable, parameterized, and regular structure and is well suited for VLSI array implementation. Based on our parallel algorithm and systematic design methodologies, two semisystolic array architectures have been developed which are low power and area efficient. The first architecture trades off the compression speed for the area and has a low run-time overhead for multichannel compression. The second architecture achieves a high compression rate (one data symbol per clock) at the expense of the area due to a large clock load and global wiring. Compared to a recent state-of-the-art parallel architecture, our first array structure requires significantly less chip area (/spl sime/330 k versus /spl sime/36 k transistors) and more than an order of magnitude less power (/spl ap/1.0 W versus /spl ap/70 mW) while still providing the compression speed required for most data communication applications. Hence, data compression can be adopted in portable data communication as well as wireless local area networks. The second architecture has at least three times less area and power while providing the same constant compression rate. To demonstrate the correctness of our design, a prototype module for the first architecture has been implemented using 1.2 /spl mu/ complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) technology. The compression module contains 32 simple and identical processors, has an average compression rate of 12.5 million bytes/s, and consumes 18.34 mW without the dictionary (/spl ap/70 mW with a 4.1k SRAM for the dictionary) while operating at a 100 MHz clock rate (simulated).
Detection of the inverted region in photo-induced intramolecular electron transfer (1986)

Photo-induced electron transfer causes the rapid quenching of the excited singlet state of a number of capped porphyrins. The porphyrin donates an electron to an acceptor such as a quinone as shown in the following scheme We have observed a marked decrease in the rate of charge recombination at high -ΔG, in the so called “inverted” region, as predicted by both classical 1 and quantum theories 2 of electron transfer.