gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Influence of new sulfur-containing fertilizers on performance of wheat yield (2021)

Wheat is the main cereal crop in Kazakhstan and fertilizers play an important role in enhancing harvest growth. In this study, the impact of new sulfur-containing fertilizers on the growth and yield of wheat was evaluated, and the resistance of varieties to <i>Puccinia triticina</i> Erikss was also investigated. (also known as <i>Puccinia recondite</i> Rob. ex Desm.) for recommendations in agriculture. The study was conducted from 2017 to 2020 in a nursery and greenhouse. The sulfur-containing fertilizer contains nutrients that allow you to extend the duration of absorption by the plant, thereby extending the period of their availability to plants, compared to conventional preparations. By encapsulating molten elemental sulfur and impregnating with a solution of calcium polysulfide, a long-acting compound based on amorphous and monocalcium phosphate was developed. The sulfur is in a water-soluble sulfate form, which, in turn, is slowly oxidized by bacteria and retained in the soil. Three different types of the developed sulfur-containing nano-particle have been used to test in greenhouses and nurseries: powdered, pasty sulfur-containing composition, and a solution of calcium polysulfide. The results showed that the use of powdered and dissolved sulfur-containing fertilizers contributed to the early ripeness and increased productivity of wheat. Wheat varieties were tested for the presence of key Lr genes that determine resistance to brown rust. The Omskaya 29 sample showed an immune response according to phytopathological assessment, and molecular screening revealed four resistance genes. The new sulfur-containing product is recommended for improving wheat productivity in agriculture, and the Omskaya 29 variety can also be used as a valuable breeding material resistant to brown rust.
PV Arrays in Non‐homogeneous Conditions (2017)

The design of any photovoltaic (PV) system is based on an awareness of the phenomena that might lead a decrease in plant power production, in real conditions, over its whole lifetime. Mismatching is one of the main sources of power reductions in a PV system's lifetime. The literature describes the closed loop existing between mismatching and cell aging, thus revealing the amplification of the detrimental effects of uneven aging of the cells. This chapter analyzes the main sources of mismatching and describes their effects on power production using data from the current literature. Bypass diodes are key components when the PV array is forced to work in mismatched conditions because of external or internal factors. They allow more power to be extracted from the PV array and to limit the probability of permanent damage to the cells. In some cases, modules are shipped from the factory with some bypass diode failures.
Native and recombinant soluble CD23 fragments with IgE suppressive activity. (1992)

CD23-bearing cells are known to release 37,000 33,000 and 25,000 MW soluble CD23 (sCD23) fragments that were reported to display multiple biological activities, including the potentiation of IgE synthesis. We previously reported that tunicamycin treatment of RPMI-8866 cells switched the biological activity of the sCD23 released by these cells from IgE potentiation to IgE suppression. In this study we show that tunicamycin-treated cells release small CD23 fragments with a MW of 16,000. These fragments are formed by truncation of the N-terminal 160 amino acids and truncation of the carboxy-terminal end of CD23. Two observations indicate that the cleavage of surface CD23 into 16,000 MW fragments is not caused by tunicamycin-mediated inhibition of the N-glycosylation of CD23 but rather by the deletion of the carboxy terminal end of the molecule: (1) Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) transfectants expressing a CD23 mutant lacking the N-glycosylation site release 37,000-33,000 MW sCD23 unless they are treated with tunicamycin; (2) transfectants expressing a CD23 deletion mutant lacking the last 33 carboxy-terminal amino acids release 16,000 MW sCD23. Highly purified native and recombinant 16,000 MW sCD23 bind to IgE and down-regulate the ongoing and the interleukin-4 (IL-4)-stimulated synthesis of IgE.
Microarray-to-Microarray Transfer of Reagents by Snapping of Two Chips for Cross-Reactivity-Free Multiplex Immunoassays (2012)

Whereas microarray and microfluidic technologies have progressed on many fronts, servicing microchips with minute amounts of reagents still constitutes an important challenge for many applications. Recently, chip-to-chip reagent transfer methods were introduced that simplify the delivery of reagents but required manual, visual alignment, custom-built microwells, and only showed the reaction of a single sample with multiple chemicals. Here, we present the snap chip, which uses common glass slides for transfer, back-side alignment for achieving precise alignment in spite of mirroring, and a snap-apparatus for facile transfer of arrays of chemicals at once by snapping the two slides together. We recently established that cross-reactivity was a significant problem in multiplex assays both theoretically and experimentally and found that it can be eliminated by avoiding mixing, but which necessitates delivering each detection antibody to a single spot with the cognate capture antibody. Using the snap chip, multiplexed sandwich immunoassays without mixing were performed: a slide with multiple arrays of 10 different capture antibodies was incubated with a sample, and then all detection antibodies transferred at once by snapping, each to the single cognate spot. All binding curves were established and limits of detection in the pg/mL range were obtained. Snap chips were stored up to 3 months prior to usage. The snap chip, by dissociating microarray production, which requires expensive equipment, from assay execution, which can be achieved using a hand-held alignment apparatus, will allow for multiplex reactions to be performed using a user-friendly kit. This new liquid handling format can be easily adapted to other applications that require transfer of minute amounts of different reagents in parallel.
An architecture for synthesis of testable finite state machines (2002)

The authors present a hardware architecture for synthesizing finite state machines (FSM). This architecture is defined at the level of the state transition graph. It contains a test machine with the same number of state variables as the object machine to be synthesized. The state graph of the test machine is so defined that each state is uniquely set and observed by an input sequence no longer than (log/sub k/n), where n is the number of states and the integer k is a design parameter. The state transition graph of the test machine is superposed on the given state graph of the object function. The logic implementation steps, namely, state assignment, minimization and technology mapping are carried out for the combined graph. By design, the embedded test machine is fully testable. Also, since the test machine can control all memory elements, the circuit is effectively tested by a combinational circuit test generator. Scan register is shown to be a special case of the presented methodology.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
γ-Radiolysis of Cysteine-Cysteamine Disulfide in Aqueous Solution (1971)

γ-Radiolysis of a mixed disulfide, cysteine-cysteamine disulfide, in unbuffered aqueous solution (0.3 mM) was investigated in the presence and absence of oxygen. The principal products were the thiols (cysteine and cysteamine), the corresponding sulfinic and sulfonic acids, the symmetrical disulfides (cystine and cystamine) and ammonia. Cystine and cystamine were formed in very high yields in deaerated solution; (G(CySSCy) ~ 15) but addition of oxygen reduced the yield sharply and it was inversely proportional to the oxygen concentration except at very low oxygen levels. In aerated solution G(CySSCy) = 0.8. These observations were attributed to a chain reaction which was suppressed by oxygen:[Formula: see text]In the case of proteins, it was concluded that although chain reactions between RS• radicals and protein disulfide bonds were possible, they should be inhibited by oxygen.
Agent-based framework for policy-driven service provisioning to nomadic users (2006)

Current trends towards automatic network management have lead to the definition of policies providing a better control on today's Internet domains. These domains can be composed of more than one access network each with its capabilities, devices, users and a specific behavior defined by policies. Thus, policies are defined to control service provisioning and automate network resource configuration. However, being aware of all the changes occurring in these domains is a difficult task. The difference in the quality of services provided by different pervasive environments and the growth in the mobility nature of users, and the heterogeneity of access networks lead to the problem of providing services adapted to users' needs and context. In this paper, we present a policy-driven approach to control the nomadicity of users and provide them services in agent-based pervasive environments. The agents achieve distributed tasks like gathering relevant context information in order to build up profiles helping adapt the requested service. Policies are applied to network devices and agents to control their behaviors. New policies are created automatically after a negotiation process between the user and the network in order to handle the events occurring in the surroundings. This framework helps tailoring services and policies according to the new environment's information while respecting a limited delay and a good scalability.
Plasmodium falciparum K13 mutations in Africa and Asia impact artemisinin resistance and parasite fitness (2021)

The emergence of mutant K13-mediated artemisinin (ART) resistance in <i>Plasmodium falciparum</i> malaria parasites has led to widespread treatment failures across Southeast Asia. In Africa, <i>K13-</i>propeller genotyping confirms the emergence of the R561H mutation in Rwanda and highlights the continuing dominance of wild-type K13 elsewhere. Using gene editing, we show that R561H, along with C580Y and M579I, confer elevated in vitro ART resistance in some African strains, contrasting with minimal changes in ART susceptibility in others. C580Y and M579I cause substantial fitness costs, which may slow their dissemination in high-transmission settings, in contrast with R561H that in African 3D7 parasites is fitness neutral. In Cambodia, <i>K13</i> genotyping highlights the increasing spatio-temporal dominance of C580Y. Editing multiple K13 mutations into a panel of Southeast Asian strains reveals that only the R561H variant yields ART resistance comparable to C580Y. In Asian Dd2 parasites C580Y shows no fitness cost, in contrast with most other K13 mutations tested, including R561H. Editing of point mutations in <i>ferredoxin</i> or <i>mdr2</i>, earlier associated with resistance, has no impact on ART susceptibility or parasite fitness. These data underline the complex interplay between K13 mutations, parasite survival, growth and genetic background in contributing to the spread of ART resistance.
Adiabatic Shear Bands (1990)

Some recent results on the analysis of adiabatic shear bands are reviewed.
Zika Virus Targeting in the Developing Brain (2017)

Zika virus (ZIKV), a positive-sense RNA flavivirus, has attracted considerable attention recently for its potential to cause serious neurological problems, including microcephaly, cortical thinning, and blindness during early development. Recent findings suggest that ZIKV infection of the brain can occur not only during very early stages of development, but also in later fetal/early neonatal stages of maturation. Surprisingly, after peripheral inoculation of immunocompetent mice on the day of birth, the first cells targeted throughout the brain were isolated astrocytes. At later stages, more neurons showed ZIKV immunoreactivity, in part potentially due to ZIKV release from infected astrocytes. In all developing mice studied, we detected infection of retinal neurons; in many mice, this was also associated with infection of the lateral geniculate, suprachiasmatic nuclei, and superior colliculus, suggesting a commonality for the virus to infect cells of the visual system. Interestingly, in mature mice lacking a Type 1 interferon response (IFNR −/− ), after inoculation of the eye, the initial majority of infected cells in the visual system were glial cells along the optic tract. ZIKV microinjection into the somatosensory cortex on one side of the normal mouse brain resulted in mirror infection restricted to the contralateral somatosensory cortex without any infection of midline brain regions, indicating the virus can move by axonal transport to synaptically coupled brain loci. These data support the view that ZIKV shows considerable complexity in targeting the CNS and may target different cells at different stages of brain development. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Zika virus (ZIKV) can cause substantial damage to the developing human brain. Here we examine a developmental mouse model of ZIKV infection in the newborn mouse in which the brain is developmentally similar to a second-trimester human fetus. After peripheral inoculation, the virus entered the CNS in all mice tested and initially targeted astrocytes throughout the brain. Infections of the retina were detected in all mice, and infection of CNS visual system nuclei in the brain was common. We find that ZIKV can be transported axonally, thereby enhancing virus spread within the brain. These data suggest that ZIKV infects multiple cell types within the brain and that astrocyte infection may play a more important role in initial infection than previously appreciated.
Mobile Network-Aware Middleware Framework for Cloud Offloading: Using Reinforcement Learning to Make Reward-Based Decisions in Smartphone Applications (2018)

Offloading mobile computations is an innovative technique to reduce energy consumption in mobile devices and minimize application response time. In this article, we propose a middleware framework that uses reinforcement learning (RL) to make reward-based offloading decisions. Our framework allows a smartphone to consider suitable contextual information to determine when it makes sense to offload and select between available networks when offloading. We tested our framework in simulated and real environments, across various apps, to demonstrate how energy consumption can be minimized in mobile devices capable of supporting offloading to the cloud.
First evidence of a large CHEK2 duplication involved in cancer predisposition in an Italian family with hereditary breast cancer (2014)

This finding suggests that CHEK2 mutations are heterogeneous and that techniques other than sequencing, such as MLPA, are needed to identify CHEK2 mutations. It also indicates that CHEK2 rare variants, such as duplications, can confer a high susceptibility to cancer development and should thus be studied in depth as most of our knowledge of CHEK2 concerns common mutations.
Effects of strong electron correlations in X-ray and electron spectra of high-T c superconductors (2000)

The current state of theoretical and experimental studies on the electronic structure of high-T c superconductors is analyzed. The agreement between the theory and experimental spectroscopic data is shown to be rather poor in certain cases. The reason is that the X-ray and electronic spectra reveal strong electron correlations. At the same time, no realistic model has been developed up to now in which both one-electron and multielectron mechanisms of the formation of the spectra could be described in a unified way in compounds containing transition and rare-earth elements. In this paper, particular attention is paid to a sudden-perturbation model, by which it has been possible to describe or interpret some X-ray and electronic spectra, including both one-electron and multielectron effects.
Surface chirality effects induced by magnetic fields (2017)

The most striking effect of magnetic field on electrochemical systems is the magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) one. The MHD convections produced spiral and helical structures in electroless and electrodeposition. Thereafter, chiral surface formation has been explored in the electrodeposition of metal films under magnetic fields, and the chiral surfaces were found in silver and copper films, which could recognize the enantiomers of chiral molecules such as glucose and amino acids. Considering the mechanisms of such chiral surface formation would lead to a clue for the homochiral molecular evolution.
Characterizing cocoa butter seed crystals by the oil‐in‐water emulsion crystallization method (2002)

Abstract Unambiguous quantitative evidence for the catalytic action of seed crystals in cocoa butter is presented. We used an ultrasound velocity technique to determine the isothermal growth of solid fat content in cocoa butter oil‐in‐water emulsions, in which the probability of finding a seed crystal in any one droplet was around 0.37 at 14.2°C. The upper limit for the size of seed crystals in West African cocoa butter was around 0.09 μm, the Gibbs free energy for nucleation was 0.11 mj m −2 , and the concentration of seed crystals was in the range of 10 16 to 10 17 m −3 . X‐ray diffraction measurements showed that emulsified cocoa butter crystallizes in the α polymorph and does not appear to transform to the β′ form within the first 25 min of crystallization. Primary nucleation events in cocoa butter emulsions are accounted for by seed crystals. Collision‐mediated nucleation, a secondary nucleation mechanism, in which solid droplets (containing seed crystals) catalyze nucleation in liquid droplets, is shown to account for subsequent crystallization. This secondary nucleation mechanism is enhanced by stirring.
Facile Synthesis of Three‐Dimensional Pt‐TiO2 Nano‐networks: A Highly Active Catalyst for the Hydrolytic Dehydrogenation of Ammonia–Borane (2016)

Three-dimensional (3D) porous metal and metal oxide nanostructures have received considerable interest because organization of inorganic materials into 3D nanomaterials holds extraordinary properties such as low density, high porosity, and high surface area. Supramolecular self-assembled peptide nanostructures were exploited as an organic template for catalytic 3D Pt-TiO2 nano-network fabrication. A 3D peptide nanofiber aerogel was conformally coated with TiO2 by atomic layer deposition (ALD) with angstrom-level thickness precision. The 3D peptide-TiO2 nano-network was further decorated with highly monodisperse Pt nanoparticles by using ozone-assisted ALD. The 3D TiO2 nano-network decorated with Pt nanoparticles shows superior catalytic activity in hydrolysis of ammonia-borane, generating three equivalents of H2 .
Two-step membrane binding by the bacterial SRP receptor enable efficient and accurate Co-translational protein targeting (2017)

The signal recognition particle (SRP) delivers ~30% of the proteome to the eukaryotic endoplasmic reticulum, or the bacterial plasma membrane. The precise mechanism by which the bacterial SRP receptor, FtsY, interacts with and is regulated at the target membrane remain unclear. Here, quantitative analysis of FtsY-lipid interactions at single-molecule resolution revealed a two-step mechanism in which FtsY initially contacts membrane via a Dynamic mode, followed by an SRP-induced conformational transition to a Stable mode that activates FtsY for downstream steps. Importantly, mutational analyses revealed extensive auto-inhibitory mechanisms that prevent free FtsY from engaging membrane in the Stable mode; an engineered FtsY pre-organized into the Stable mode led to indiscriminate targeting in vitro and disrupted FtsY function in vivo. Our results show that the two-step lipid-binding mechanism uncouples the membrane association of FtsY from its conformational activation, thus optimizing the balance between the efficiency and fidelity of co-translational protein targeting.
Preface to Special Topic: Invited Papers from the International Symposium on Piezoresponse Force Microscopy and Nanoscale Phenomena in Polar Materials, Aveiro, Portugal, 2009 (2010)

First Page
Switchable polarization-independent liquid-crystal Fabry-Perot filter (2008)

A new approach to a polarization-independent twisted liquid-crystal (LC) structure, where phase difference between orthogonal eigenmodes is tuned to be an integer multiple of 2pi, is demonstrated with a numerical model. For select wavelengths, polarization-independent operation can be achieved by tuning the twist rate and thickness of the LC cavity. Applications can be found in polarization- independent switches and field sequential wavelength selection devices.
Acyclic Diene Metathesis (ADMET) Polymerization of 2,2,6,6‐Tetramethylpiperidine‐1‐sulfanyl (TEMPS) Dimers (2021)

Inside Cover: Marrying acyclic diene metathesis polymerization and BiTEMPS chemistry offers a simple method to prepare a tailor-made polymer with precise control over the primary structure. Pivotally, the macromolecule, decorated with sulfur-nitrogen bonds in each repeating unit, exhibits light-responsive reversible homolytic dissociation of disulfide linkage, where the specific treatment (e.g., anaerobic condition) is not required. The latter allows reorganization of the polymeric architecture on exposure to the stimulus, and this molecular-based response is foreseen to be translated to the macroscopic scale. This work is found in article number 2100118 by Hatice Mutlu and co-workers.
Electrophoretic Deformation of Individual Transfer RNA Molecules Reveals Their Identity (2015)

It has been hypothesized that the ribosome gains additional fidelity during protein translation by probing structural differences in tRNA species. We measure the translocation kinetics of different tRNA species through ∼3 nm diameter synthetic nanopores. Each tRNA species varies in the time scale with which it is deformed from equilibrium, as in the translocation step of protein translation. Using machine-learning algorithms, we can differentiate among five tRNA species, analyze the ratios of tRNA binary mixtures, and distinguish tRNA isoacceptors.
Technical report: Measuring digital image quality (2006)

Imaging is an invaluable tool in many research areas and other advanced domains such as health care. When developing any system dealing with images, image quality issues are insurmountable. This report describes digital image quality from many viewpoints, from retinal receptor characteristics to perceptual compression algorithms. Special focus is given to perceptual image quality measures.
MR Imaging of the Stomach: Potential Use for Mangafodipir Trisodium— A Study in Swine (2004)

Mangafodipir trisodium preferentially enhances the inner surface of the stomach on MR images acquired in swine and, therefore, may have potential for use as a contrast agent at MR imaging of the human stomach.
Image-based interactive exploration of real-world environments (2004)

Interactive scene walkthroughs have long been an important computer graphics application area. More recently, researchers have developed techniques for constructing photorealistic 3D architectural models from real-world images. We present an image-based rendering system that brings us a step closer to a compelling sense of being there. Whereas many previous systems have used still photography and 3D scene modeling, we avoid explicit 3D reconstruction because it tends to be brittle. Our system is not the first to propose interactive video-based tours. We believe, however, that our system is the first to deliver fully interactive, photorealistic image-based tours on a personal computer at or above broadcast video resolutions and frame rates. Moreover, to our knowledge, no other tour provides the same rich set of interactions or visually complex environments.