gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Software engineering methods for designing parallel and distributed applications from sequential programs in scientific computing (2002)

Although quite a few large scale applications have been ported to multiprocessors in recent years, no framework has yet been set up for the process of designing parallel and distributed applications from sequential programs that takes into account the specific needs of large scale scientific applications where programs have complex, irregular control flow and data structures. The paper proposes such a framework and reports on its application in the portable parallelization of the industrial computational fluid dynamics (CFD) software package TfC (TASCflow for CAD) within the scope of an interdisciplinary research project.
Synthesis of mesoscale, crumpled, reduced graphene oxide roses by water-in-oil emulsion approach (2018)

Mesoscale crumpled graphene oxide roses (GO roses) were synthesized by using colloidal graphene oxide (GO) variants as precursors for a hybrid emulsification-rapid evaporation approach. This process produced rose-like, spherical, reduced mesostructures of colloidal GO sheets, with corrugated surfaces and particle sizes tunable in the range of ~800 nm to 15 μm. Excellent reproducibility for particle size distribution is shown for each selected speed of homogenizer rotor among different sample batches. The morphology and chemical structure of these produced GO roses was investigated using electron microscopy and spectroscopy techniques. In conclusion, the proposed synthesis route provides control over particle size, morphology and chemical properties of the synthesized GO roses.
Synthesis, Crystal Structures, Optical Properties, and Phase Transitions of the Layered Guanidinium‐Based Hybrid Perovskites [C(NH2)3]2MI4; M = Sn, Pb (2016)

The title compounds were obtained by the treatment of M I 2 in conc. HI with stoichiometric amounts of [C(NH 2 ) 3 ] 2 CO 3 . They show several phase transitions. The Pb/Sn HT phases {[C(NH 2 ) 3 ] 2 PbI 4 ‐I, Pnma, Z = 4, a = 13.04 Å, b = 13.62 Å, c = 9.36 Å} and {[C(NH 2 ) 3 ] 2 SnI 4 ‐I: a = 13.04 Å, b = 13.57 Å, c = 9.45 Å}, as well as [C(NH 2 ) 3 ] 2 PbI 4 ‐II ( Pnnm, Z = 8, a = 27.03 Å, b = 9.31 Å, c = 12.92 Å) and [C(NH 2 ) 3 ] 2 SnI 4 ‐II ( a = 26.89 Å, b = 9.30 Å, c = 12.94 Å) and also [C(NH 2 ) 3 ] 2 PbI 4 ‐III ( P 2 1 / n, Z = 8, a = 9.21 Å, b = 26.88 Å, c = 12.68 Å, β = 90.49°) and [C(NH 2 ) 3 ] 2 SnI 4 ‐III ( a = 9.28 Å, b = 26.95 Å, c = 12.81 Å, β = 90.76°) are isotypic with each other. For [C(NH 2 ) 3 ] 2 SnI 4 the LT phase realizes a triclinic variant ( P 1 , Z = 4, a = 9.27 Å, b = 12.67 Å, c = 14.44 Å, α = 66.98°, β = 85.88°, γ = 88.26°). The structures are (110)‐oriented perovskites A 2 MX 4 with corrugated layers of edge‐sharing M I 6 octahedra. HT‐ and MT‐forms show a 2+4 pattern of M –I distances. [C(NH 2 ) 3 ] 2 SnI 4 ‐IV represents a new structure type. The different modifications are distinguished by the ordering pattern of the cations and the tilt of the M I 6 octahedra. The structural characterizations are amended by vibrational and optical spectroscopy as well as thermal analysis. The band gap of the Sn compound (2.06 eV) makes it a possible candidate as an absorber for the tandem solar cell. For the Pb compound an excitonic absorption peak is observed right below the band gap (2.49 eV) indicating stable excitons at room temperature.
IRRADIATION OF PHENOLIC AND EPOXY RESIN MODEL COMPOUNDS. Quarterly Progress Report No. II, July 1-October 1, 1960 (Report No. 6) (1960)

Investigations were carried out to determine the mode of degradation of phenolic resins subjected to beta or gamma irradiation, and, if possible, to compare this to proton irradiation in phenolic and epoxy compounds. Data are complete for the 4,4'-dinydroxydiphenylmethane irradiations and three runs were made on 2,4' -dinydroxydiphenylmethane. The 4,4' isomer appeared to be the most inert. This was apparent from both the low gas and polymer yields. In all cases more of the reactant was converted to high boilers than to volatile products. Alpha-phenyl cresols were the major volatile product from the dihydroxydiphenylmethane irradiations. Phenol was secondary in amount and cresols were present in the least amount. It was possible to study the radiolysis of saligenin, using an acetylating work-up procedure. Electron beam irradiation of linear phenolformaldehyde polymers was unsatisfactory. (M.C.G.)
Chronoamperometry at Channel Electrodes: Theory of Double Electrodes (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTChronoamperometry at Channel Electrodes: Theory of Double ElectrodesRichard G. Compton, Barry A. Coles, and Adrian C. FisherCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1994, 98, 9, 2441–2445Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100060a035https://doi.org/10.1021/j100060a035research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views189Altmetric-Citations31LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
The kynurenine pathway as a therapeutic target in cognitive and neurodegenerative disorders (2013)

Understanding the neurochemical basis for cognitive function is one of the major goals of neuroscience, with a potential impact on the diagnosis, prevention and treatment of a range of psychiatric and neurological disorders. In this review, the focus will be on a biochemical pathway that remains under-recognized in its implications for brain function, even though it can be responsible for moderating the activity of two neurotransmitters fundamentally involved in cognition - glutamate and acetylcholine. Since this pathway - the kynurenine pathway of tryptophan metabolism - is induced by immunological activation and stress, it also stands in a unique position to mediate the effects of environmental factors on cognition and behaviour. Targeting the pathway for new drug development could, therefore, be of value not only for the treatment of existing psychiatric conditions, but also for preventing the development of cognitive disorders in response to environmental pressures.
Stem cell antigen‐1 (Sca‐1) disrupts GDF10/TGF‐β signal transduction at the plasma membrane to regulate Smad2/3 nuclear signaling (2011)

Sca-1 is a member of the glycerophosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored membrane proteins that is associated with stem/progenitor cell populations and a basal cell malignant phenotype. Although Sca-1 serves as a marker of murine stem cells, the molecular mechanism of its function remains largely unknown. We sought to determine the mechanism underlying its function in tumorigenesis by using a DMBA induced breast cancer model in Sca-1+/EGFP knock-in mice. We report that Sca-1 expression is enhanced early in the carcinogenesis. Primary cells from these mouse tumors display in vivo tumorigenicity in mice, which is inhibited when Sca-1 expression is attenuated with a Sca-1 shRNA. The latter effect occurs in association with increased expression of the TGF-β family ligand GDF10. We show that GDF10 acts via Smad3 signaling while Sca-1 inhibits GDF10-stimulated Smad3 signaling through direct association with the type I TGF-β receptor at the membrane as determined by surface biotinylation, immunoprecipitation, confocal imaging and phospho-antibodies. These findings demonstrate that Sca-1 contributes to tumor progression, in part, by suppressing of GDF10 expression, as well as TGF-β signaling at the surface membrane, and suggests a new paradigm for examining the function of GPI-linked membrane proteins associated with stem cells. Funding: R01 CA111482, N01 CN15017-44 and N01 CN43309 from the NIH, Bethesda, MD.
PGE2 induces regional remodeling changes in haversian envelope: a histomorphometric study of fractured ribs in beagles. (1986)

A histomorphometric study was carried out in the region of healing defects in the ribs of Beagles. A transverse fracture was made in the left 9th and 10th ribs. Eleven Beagles received either ethanol vehicle (n = 6) or PGE2 orally (n = 5) for the 30 day period from surgery to time of necropsy. Double-pulsed labels were given with each of two fluochrome markers, calcein prior to surgical treatment and oxytetracycline hydrochloride prior to euthanasia. The objectives were to determine the effects of fracture on regional remodeling in the haversian envelope; to determine the effects of PGE2 on the regional remodeling changes in the haversian envelope; and to determine the systemic effects of PGE2 on remodeling changes of the contralateral matching sites. The remodeling changes after surgically induced fracture were relatively insignificant between the injured and uninjured sides in the non-treated dogs as well as in the PGE2 treated group. This may be attributable to the global effect of a fracture. However, there were significantly slower rates of mineral apposition (P less than 0.05) and a longer period for osteon formation time (P less than 0.05) on the injured side compared to the uninjured side of the PGE2 treated dogs. The remodeling activities were increased on both sides in the PGE2 treated dogs when compared to the non-treated ones with more remodeling sites per unit cortical area (P less than 0.01), and a higher turnover rate (shorter total remodeling period in days) with a faster resorption rate and a net increase in mineral apposition rates at the end of the experiment (P less than 0.01).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Silicon optocouplers for biosensing (2008)

Here we review on the fabrication and the bioanalytical applications of a monolithic silicon optocoupler that integrates an array of silicon avalanche diodes as light sources, detectors and silicon nitride optical fibres, all intercoupled through a self-alignment technique. The optocoupler is combined with a microfluidic module that allows for simultaneous real-time sensing of multiple analytes. Detection is performed through reaction of the immobilised biomolecules with labelled counterpart molecules. The binding of these molecules within the evanescent field at the surface of the optical fibre causes absorption of the waveguided modes and reduction of the detector photocurrent. The biotin-streptavidin model assay was used for the evaluation of the analytical potentials of the device developed. A detection limit of 3.8 pM in terms of gold nanoparticle labelled streptavidin was achieved which was further improved to 20 fM by silver-plating of the immobilised gold nanoparticles. In addition, results that demonstrate the efficiency of the device for multiple protein and DNA detection are provided. The ability of the developed integrated silicon optocoupler for label-free analyte determinations is also discussed.
Scaling of impulsively started, incompressible, laminar round jets and pipe flows (1986)

Calcul numerique a partir des equations completes de Navier-Stokes de la loi d'echelle des jets circulaires, laminaire, incompressibles, transitoires et stationnaires
Simulation-Based Evaluation of ETSI ITS-G5 and Cellular-VCS in a Real-World Road Traffic Scenario (2018)

In recent years, two candidates for vehicular communications have evolved for the support of road safety and traffic efficiency applications. On the one hand, ad-hoc networks exist based on the ITS-G5/802.11p protocol stack, and on the other hand, there are cellular network infrastructures based on an extended LTE stack, which we refer to as Cellular-based Vehicular Communication Systems (Cellular-VCS). The most important extension of the classical LTE stack is a direct link among vehicles which is also called Device-to-Device (D2D) communication. Both approaches meet the requirements on vehicular communications but show technology-inherent mechanisms that result in different performances. ITS-G5 features a small latency at a small network load whereas Cellular-VCS promises a highly reliable packet transmission. One of the main difference of both approaches lies in the channel access which is random-based for ITS-G5 and centrally scheduled for Cellular-VCS. This contribution studies the performance of the two named technologies in a real-world road traffic scenario through comprehensive simulations. The simulation scenario makes use of real road traffic density measurements for modeling the mobility of the vehicles. Mixed network data traffic of periodically and event-based messages is generated through particular generation rules. The results prove that both technologies work stable at moderate road traffic conditions but have significant differences in the quantified communication parameters.
An Efficient, Catalytic, Aerobic, Oxidative Iodination of Arenes Using the H5PV2Mo10O40 Polyoxometalate as Catalyst (2003)

Iodination of arenes was carried out by reacting 1 equiv of arene substrate with 0.5 equiv of iodine under an oxygen atmosphere with H5PV2Mo10O40 as oxidation catalyst. The synthesis is an inherently waste-free method for the preparation of iodoarenes.
A high speed AOI algorithm for chip component based on image difference (2009)

In this paper, based on the images acquired from a 3-CCD color camera and a 3-color hemispherical circular illumination, a high speed algorithm is given to inspect the chip component. A statistical appearance modeling technique (SAM) is used to get the template which has preponderance than a rigid one. Before inspection, we use a high speed method to adjust the position of the component. Based on the difference image between component image and its template image, we use region differences to diagnose the defect. Finally, some experiment results are presented to show the validity of the algorithm. The common defects of missing component, insufficient solder, excessive solder, and open solder etc. can be identified properly by using the proposed algorithm. And the time spent on each component is less than 5 ms.
Molecular and electronic structures of two quadruply bonded ditungsten compounds and a dimolybdenum homolog (1981)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMolecular and electronic structures of two quadruply bonded ditungsten compounds and a dimolybdenum homologF. Albert Cotton, Michael W. Extine, Timothy R. Felthouse, Brian W. S. Kolthammer, and Dennis G. LayCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1981, 103, 14, 4040–4045Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1981Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1981https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00404a011https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00404a011research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views226Altmetric-Citations60LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Susceptibility to infections, without concomitant hyper-IgE, reported in 1976, is caused by hypomorphic mutation in the phosphoglucomutase 3 ( PGM3 ) gene (2015)

Phosphoglucomutase 3 (PGM3) is an enzyme converting N-acetyl-glucosamine-6-phosphate to N-acetyl-glucosamine-1-phosphate, a precursor important for glycosylation. Mutations in the PGM3 gene have recently been identified as the cause of novel primary immunodeficiency with a hyper-IgE like syndrome. Here we report the occurrence of a homozygous mutation in the PGM3 gene in a family with immunodeficient children, described already in 1976. DNA from two of the immunodeficient siblings was sequenced and shown to encode the same homozygous missense mutation, causing a destabilized protein with reduced enzymatic capacity. Affected individuals were highly prone to infections, but lack the developmental defects in the nervous and skeletal systems, reported in other families. Moreover, normal IgE levels were found. Thus, belonging to the expanding group of congenital glycosylation defects, PGM3 deficiency is characterized by immunodeficiency, with or without increased IgE levels, and with variable forms of developmental defects affecting other organ systems.
Zwitterionic Nickel Catalyst for Carbonylative Polymerizations (2011)

The goal of this research project was to develop a catalyst for the copolymerization of carbon monoxide (CO) and epoxides and/or aldehydes.Zwitterionic palladium and nickel complexes were synthesized that contained bidentate phosphine-borate ligands.Under the assumption that a polymerization mechanism similar to the established cobalt-catalyzed copolymerization of CO and aziridines is applicable, the zwitterionic nature of the complexes were expected to posses the high activity of cationic metal-acyl bonds, while maintaining the anionic nature required for ion pairing during the polymerization.Characterization of the nickel complex was completed through NMR spectroscopy, FTIR spectroscopy, and X-ray crystallography.Upon completion of the metal complex syntheses a variety of polymerization conditions were screened, and the products were characterized by NMR and IR spectroscopy.Although the spectroscopic methods showed the system had activity, a pure polymer product was not obtained.
The interaction of N-ethyl retinamide with plasma retinol-binding protein (RBP) and the crystal structure of the retinoid-RBP complex at 1.9-A resolution. (1993)

The three-dimensional structure of bovine plasma retinol-binding protein (RBP) complexed with N-ethyl retinamide has been determined at 1.9-A resolution.
Influence of propylene‐based elastomer on stress‐whitening for impact copolymer (2017)

ABSTRACT Two pure impact copolymer polypropylenes (ICP), one pure homo‐polypropylene (HPP) and their compounds with different type and fraction of Vistamaxx™ propylene‐based elastomer (“Vistamaxx”) were used to investigate the stress whitening activated in the impact processes via ultra‐small‐angle X‐ray scattering technique. The whitening presented in ICP is confirmed to be caused by the interfaces existed between ethylene‐propylene (EP) rubber and polypropylene matrix, such kind whitening is apparently unlike the one initiated in the crystal phase of HPP. In this study, Vistamaxx with high crystallinity can adjust the compatibility of EP rubber and PP matrix which results in a reduction of interfaces, thus, a phenomenon of reduced stress whitening can be observed in blends of ICP with Vistamaxx. However, the enhancement of stress whitening can be found in blends of ICP with Vistamaxx which occupied low crystallinity. Such behaviors can be assigned to the poor compatibility between Vistamaxx and PP matrix. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017 , 134 , 44747.
Concatenative Speech Synthesis Based on the Plural Unit Selection and Fusion Method (2005)

This paper proposes a novel speech synthesis method to generate human-like natural speech. The conventional unit-selection-based synthesis method selects speech units from a large database, and concatenates them with or without modifying the prosody to generate synthetic speech. This method features highly human-like voice quality. The method, however, has a problem that a suitable speech unit is not necessarily selected. Since the unsuitable speech unit selection causes discontinuity between the consecutive speech units, the synthesized speech quality deteriorates. It might be considered that the conventional method can attain higher speech quality if the database size increases. However, preparation of a larger database requires a longer recording time. The narrator's voice quality does not remain constant throughout the recording period. This fact deteriorates the database quality, and still leaves the problem of unsuitable selection. We propose the plural unit selection and fusion method which avoids this problem. This method integrates the unit fusion used in the unit-training-based method with the conventional unit-selection-based method. The proposed method selects plural speech units for each segment, fuses the selected speech units for each segment, modifies the prosody of the fused speech units, and concatenates them to generate synthetic speech. This unit fusion creates speech units which are connected to one another with much less voice discontinuity, and realizes high quality speech. A subjective evaluation test showed that the proposed method greatly improves the speech quality compared with the conventional method. Also, it showed that the speech quality of the proposed method is kept high regardless of the database size, from small (10 minutes) to large (40 minutes). The proposed method is a new framework in the sense that it is a hybrid method between the unit-selection-based method and the unit-training-based method. In the framework, the algorithms of the unit selection and the unit fusion are exchangeable for more efficient techniques. Thus, the framework is expected to lead to new synthesis methods.