gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Gain and sensitivity as design criteria for iterative transistor amplifiers (1963)

A procedure is developed which permits the design of iterative stages for a transistor amplifier required to satisfy specified gain, gain sensitivity, and d-c stabilization criteria. After initial imposition of the circuit constraints necessary to insure acceptable operating point stability, the designer may proceed to examine the limits of achievable gain and gain sensitivity; then he is in a position to compromise such conflicting requirements as may have been exposed or to select a transistor with greater performance capability. The design is completed by means of an orderly sequence of calculations.
Conceptual modeling of complex systems using an RM-ODP based ontology (2002)

The development of business and information systems requires a significant amount of modeling. The current modeling languages and tools have difficulties supporting the modeling of systems spanning through multiple organizational levels. The use of inadequate modeling abstractions is one of the important causes for these difficulties. The paper proposes an ontology that defines the concepts needed for object-oriented modeling and gives a graphical example. The ontology is based on RM-ODP and relies on constructivism and system theory. The proposed ontology allows the definition of development methods, modeling languages and tools that are applicable to complex systems. This can lead to significant productivity improvements in the business and software development communities.
Effect of galcanezumab on severity and symptoms of migraine in phase 3 trials in patients with episodic or chronic migraine (2021)

NCT, NCT02614183 (EVOLVE-1), registered 25 November 2015; NCT, NCT02614196 , (EVOLVE-2), registered 25 November 2015; NCT, NCT02614261 (REGAIN), registered 25 November 2015.
The PDZ1 Domain of SAP90 (2002)

The structural features of the PDZ1 domain of the synapse-associated protein SAP90 have been characterized by NMR. A comparison with the structures of the PDZ2 and PDZ3 domains of SAP90 illustrates significant differences, which may account for the unique binding properties of these homologous domains. Within the postsynaptic density, SAP90 functions as a molecular scaffold with a number of the protein-protein interactions mediated through the PDZ1 domain. Here, using fluorescence anisotropy and NMR chemical shift analysis, we have characterized the association of PDZ1 to the C-terminal peptides of the GluR6 subunit of the kainate receptor, voltage-gated K(+) channel Kv1.4, and microtubule-associate protein CRIPT, all of which are known to associate with SAP90. The latter two, which possess the consensus sequence for binding to PDZ domains (T/S-X-V-oh), have low micromolar binding affinities (1.5-15 microm). The C terminus of GluR6, RLPGKETMA-oh, lacking the consensus sequence, binds to PDZ1 of SAP90 with an affinity of 160 microm. The NMR data illustrate that although all three peptides occupy the binding groove capped by the GLGF loop of PDZ1, specific differences are present, consistent with the variation in binding affinities.
Palliative and supportive needs of older adults with heart failure (2007)

Services designed to meet palliative and supportive needs of older people should aim to identify individual coping strategies and resources and highlight deficits in order to target appropriate interventions.
Pseudosystematic Conformational Search. Application to Cycloheptadecane (1997)

We describe a deterministic approach to conformational searching. The algorithm is a best-first, depth-first traversal of the conformer graph, i.e., a graph generated by a small set of deterministic deformation operators. No deformation operator is ever applied to the same starting structure more than once. Thus, this algorithm avoids the source of diminishing returns, common in Monte Carlo searches, that is caused by the rising probability that a given starting structure is subjected to the same or similar perturbations more than once. We apply this technique to the task of finding all locally optimal conformations of cycloheptadecane whose MM2 energies lie within 3 kcal/mol of its global optimum. This task, which is considered to be challenging for contemporary algorithms and computer hardware, was used by Saunders et al. (J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1990, 112, 1419−1427) as a benchmark for comparing existing techniques in terms of their efficiency and thoroughness. The new algorithm compares favorably, by both criteria, with all of the methods tested by Saunders et al. Moreover, the conformer graph can be used for an analysis of the potential-energy surface that is not directly made possible by other search methods. The particular set of deformation operators used is specialized for medium-sized ring molecules. Ways to design deformation operators for larger molecules such as proteins are suggested.
ADEPT-derived, U-BIOPRED validated asthma clinical clusters with Th2 and non-Th2 phenotypes (2014)

Background. ADEPT ( NCT01274507 ) and U-BIOPRED (IMI n°115010) are independent biomarker studies with goals of identifying asthma phenotypes and respective therapeutic interventions. Clustering on current clinical presentations and associating the clusters with biomarkers and pathophysiologic features provides for both studies an opportunity to identify and validate phenotypes. Methods. Partition-around-medoid clustering was performed on the ADEPT dataset using 9 pre-specified clinical variables. Models for cluster classification probabilities were derived and applied to the U-BIOPRED adult asthma dataset. Endobronchial brushings gene expression profiles for IL-13-regulated and mast cell genes were compared among the clusters. Results. Four clinical clusters were identified in the ADEPT-asthma study population (N=154) that have unique clinical and biomarker profiles. Group 1 represents well-controlled asthma. Group 2 represents controlled, albeit highly hyper-reactive patients mostly with a “Th2” phenotype. In contrast, Group 3 has a less controlled, restrictive, non-Th2 phenotype. Group 4 consists of the most poorly controlled patients, mixed for the “Th2” phenotype. These clusters were confirmed in the U-BIOPRED asthma dataset (N=410), fitting the classification model well and having distributions for most clustering and non-clustering (e.g., demographics and biomarkers) variables evaluated similar to those in ADEPT. Conclusions. Through application of medoid clustering, 4 clinical clusters were identified in ADEPT and confirmed in U-BIOPRED study datasets. These clusters may help in the future to identify therapeutic targets that will be effective in subsets of asthma patients.
Self-learning Machines based on Hamiltonian Echo Backpropagation (2021)

A physical self-learning machine can be defined as a nonlinear dynamical system that can be trained on data (similar to artificial neural networks), but where the update of the internal degrees of freedom that serve as learnable parameters happens autonomously. In this way, neither external processing and feedback nor knowledge of (and control of) these internal degrees of freedom is required. We introduce a general scheme for self-learning in any time-reversible Hamiltonian system. We illustrate the training of such a self-learning machine numerically for the case of coupled nonlinear wave fields.
Simulation-Based Health and Contingency Management (2006)

This paper presents a concept and associated software test bench for simulation-based health and contingency management that can be applied to integrated vehicle health management architectures. The simulation-based design test bench was developed in the Matlab/Simulinktrade environment and can be applied to various platforms for developing, testing and verifying automated prognostic and health management technologies and fault accommodation strategies. Specifically, this paper introduces the required software components and integrated health management and adaptive control architecture for performing these tasks. The Simulinktrade modules provide for "plug 'n play" integration of vehicle models, prognostic and health management (PHM) algorithms, and adaptive control logic into a simulation-based design environment. By integrating dynamic, model-based health management, intelligent control, and reasoner strategies, the simulation test bench allows designers to examine optimal fault accommodation techniques that increases availability, improve safety, and optimize maintenance resource planning for complex vehicle systems. The described software will enable the end users to initially configure the system and monitor the effectiveness of the vehicle simulation under various fault scenarios. It also enables users to rapidly design and simulate the health and contingency management components for integrated system health assessments
ANAIS: An ultrasound mammograph (2008)

It is well established that ultrasonography is a cost-effective, patient-friendly imaging modality available for breast imaging. The main aim of this paper is concerned with a tomographic ultrasound mammograph allowing 3D-reconstruction of the uncompressed breast immersed in a water tank. The scanner, based on a 1024 semi-circular motorized antenna, provides more efficient way to view anatomical ductal structures of the breast. Quantitative volume parameter cartography is the unique means to make objective, reproducible, and operator-independent diagnoses (Computer Aided Diagnosis). The recovery of quantitative acoustical parameters requires solving a nonlinear inverse scattering problem from large amount of measurements. This is achieved using advanced computing resources; a front-end acquisition system based on 32*1024 multiplexed channels and specific reconstruction procedures. The objective is not only to offer a multiparameter tissue characterization using reflection and transmission measurements but also to provide a systemic inspection of the ductal tree.
High Energy Density Li-ion Cells for EV’s Based on Novel, High Voltage Cathode Material Systems (2018)

This Li-ion cell technology development project had three objectives: to develop advanced electrode materials and cell components to enable stable high-voltage operation; to design and demonstrate a Li-ion cell using these materials that meets the PHEV40 performance targets; and to design and demonstrate a Li-ion cell using these materials that meets the EV performance targets. The major challenge to creating stable high energy cells with long cycle life is system integration. Although materials that can give high energy cells are known, stabilizing them towards long-term cycling in the presence of other novel cell components is a major challenge. The major technical barriers addressed by this work include low cathode specific energy, poor electrolyte stability during high voltage operation, and insufficient capacity retention during deep discharge for Si-containing anodes. Through the course of this project, Farasis was able to improve capacity retention of NCM materials for 4.4+ V operation, through both surface treatment and bulk-doping approaches. Other material advances include increased rate capability and of HE-NCM materials through novel synthesis approach, doubling the relative capacity at 1C over materials synthesized using standard methods. Silicon active materials proved challenging throughout the project and ultimately were the limiting factor in the energy density vs. cycle life trade off. By avoiding silicon anodes for the lower energy PHEV design, we manufactured cells with intermediate energy density and long cycle life under high voltage operation for PHEV applications. Cells with high energy density for EV applications were manufactured targeting a 300 Wh/kg design and were able to achieve > 200 cycles.
BRILL'S DISEASE (1950)

Brill's disease has been defined as a typhus-like illness occurring chiefly among the immigrant populations of the Northeastern coastal cities of the United States.<sup>1</sup>In this paper and one which is to follow<sup>2</sup>attention is directed to recent clinical and laboratory studies of Brill's disease which emphasize that: (1) the present diagnosistic criteria must be revised; (2) the reported incidence of Brill's disease may be expected to increase; (3) Brill's disease may indeed be important in initiating new epidemics of louse-borne typhus, and (4) the etiologic agent, isolated from 7 patients, is indistinguishable from that of classic epidemic typhus. <h3>HISTORY</h3> During an epidemic of typhoid in Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, in 1896 Nathan Brill became convinced of the specificity of the Widal test, which had just been described. Brill's curiosity was aroused when he observed sporadic cases of an atypical typhoid-like disease in which the Widal reactions
Aromatic Amino Acid-Derived Compounds Induce Morphological Changes and Modulate the Cell Growth of Wine Yeast Species (2018)

Yeasts secrete a large diversity of compounds during alcoholic fermentation, which affect growth rates and developmental processes, like filamentous growth. Several compounds are produced during aromatic amino acid metabolism, including aromatic alcohols, serotonin, melatonin, and tryptamine. We evaluated the effects of these compounds on growth parameters in 16 different wine yeasts, including non-<i>Saccharomyces</i> wine strains, for which the effects of these compounds have not been well-defined. Serotonin, tryptamine, and tryptophol negatively influenced yeast growth, whereas phenylethanol and tyrosol specifically affected non-<i>Saccharomyces</i> strains. The effects of the aromatic alcohols were observed at concentrations commonly found in wines, suggesting a possible role in microbial interaction during wine fermentation. Additionally, we demonstrated that aromatic alcohols and ethanol are able to affect invasive and pseudohyphal growth in a manner dependent on nutrient availability. Some of these compounds showed strain-specific effects. These findings add to the understanding of the fermentation process and illustrate the diversity of metabolic communication that may occur among related species during metabolic processes.
Cycloaddition of primary phosphines to divinyl sulfide (2013)

Primary phosphines reacted with divinyl sulfide under radical initiation conditions (AIBN, 65–70°C, reactant molar ratio 1:1) according to the addition-cyclization pattern to give 4-substituted 1,4-thiaphosphinanes which underwent almost quantitative oxidation with oxygen or elemental sulfur, yielding the corresponding 4-substituted 1,4-thiaphosphinane oxides (sulfides). The reaction of 4-(2-phenylethyl)-1,4-thiaphosphinane with methyl iodide afforded 4-methyl-4-(2-phenylethyl)-1,4-thiaphosphinanium iodide with high chemoselectivity.
Is intestinal metaplasia a necessary precursor lesion for adenocarcinomas of the distal esophagus, gastroesophageal junction and gastric cardia? (2007)

Adenocarcinoma of the distal esophagus and gastroesophageal junction are believed to arise in Barrett's esophagus with intestinal metaplasia. Whether adenocarcinoma can arise in columnar lined esophagus without intestinal metaplasia is in doubt. Whether adenocarcinoma of the gastric cardia arises in intestinal metaplasia of the gastric cardia is also in doubt. We aim to evaluate the relationship of size and stage of adenocarcinoma of the distal esophagus, gastroesophageal junction and gastric cardia to intestinal metaplasia and other types of columnar epithelium. Seventy-four patients who had esophagogastrectomy for adenocarcinomas in this region were examined histologically to assess the frequency of residual intestinal metaplasia in the surrounding epithelium. Tumors without residual intestinal metaplasia were evaluated for the presence of other columnar epithelia and correlated with tumor size and stage. Cardiac mucosa was present around all tumors. Residual intestinal metaplasia was present in 48 (65%) tumors, including 33/38 (87%) distal esophageal, 10/25 (45%) junctional and 5/11 (45%) gastric cardia tumors. The prevalence of intestinal metaplasia was 100% in all tumors that were less than 1 cm in maximum diameter and all intramucosal tumors. The prevalence of residual intestinal metaplasia decreased with increasing tumor size and stage. These data strongly support the contention that adenocarcinomas of this region, including those in the gastric cardia, arise in intestinal metaplastic epithelium. The absence of residual intestinal metaplasia in larger tumors is the result of tumor overgrowing the intestinal metaplasia from which it arose.
Zur Synthese monomerer cyclischer Cystinpeptidderivate, I. Synthese der Sequenz A 6–9 des Schafinsulins als Cyclocystinylderivat (1972)

Abstract Es wird die Synthese der Sequenz A 6–9 des Schafinsulins in der geschützten Form Boc‐Cys‐Cys‐Ala‐Gly‐OBu t ( 5 ) sowie das Verhalten dieses monomeren cyclischen Cystinpeptidderivates gegenüber den in der Peptidchemie gebräuchlichen Reagenzien Bortrifluorid/Eisessig, Triäthylamin und Hydrazinhydrat beschrieben.
Photoluminescence and cathodoluminescence of GaN doped with Pr (2000)

We report on our observation of visible photoluminescence and cathodoluminescence of Pr-implanted GaN. The implanted samples were subjected to isochronal thermal annealing treatments at a temperature of 1100 °C in N2 at atmospheric pressure to recover from implantation damage and activate the rare earth ions. The sharp characteristic emission lines corresponding to Pr3+ intra-4fn-shell transitions are resolved in the spectral range from 400 to 1000 nm and observed over the temperature range from 12 to 335 K. We have developed an energy level diagram for Pr3+ ions in GaN using recorded spectra. The photoluminescence decay kinetics measurements of P13, P03, and D21 levels and quenching mechanism analysis allow us to conclude that the dominant de-excitation process is of electric dipole–electric quadrupole type. We found also that the D21 level separated from the upper P03 level by 3755 cm−1 energy gap can be populated in several ways, by direct energy transfer processes, cross relaxation |3P0,3H4〉→|1D2,3H6〉 and cascade processes from the P03 or higher levels. The full width at half maximum of the strongest photoluminescence line at 653 nm, the P03 level, is 2.9 meV at 13 K, with a 1.86 meV blue peak shift in going from 13 to 330 K temperature, while the line at 670 nm, P13 level, has a full width at half maximum of 4 meV at 13 K and a 1.6 meV red peak shift. The thermal stability of GaN:Pr3+ epilayers indicates the suitability of this material for visible optoelectronic devices.
Cyclic Cl2/H2 quasi-atomic layer etching approach for TiN and TaN patterning using organic masks (2017)

A plasma-enhanced cyclic etch process utilizing sequential cycles of Cl2 (deposition) and He/H2 (etch) chemistries separated by purge steps was used to pattern TiN and TaN lines using an organic planarization layer mask at a 100 nm critical dimension and a 200 nm pitch. Etch rates (ERs) were found to vary from 3.5 to 7 nm per cycle for TaN and 5–7.3 nm per cycle for TiN, depending on the addition of H2 to the etch step. The cyclic etch process displayed several key advantages over a continuous wave plasma process, such as no residual material in TiN patterning and reduced veiling due to redeposition in the TaN features. Analysis of the optical emission spectra collected indicated a key mechanistic difference between etching of the two materials, with TiN etching mainly controlled by the residence time of Cl species and TaN etching rate-limited by physical bombardment to facilitate Ta-Cl formation. Tailoring of the feature profiles and control of the etch rate per cycle (ER/cycle) were demonstrated through manipulation of the Cl and H2 residence times.
Enzymatic synthesis of folylpolyglutamates. Characterization of the reaction and its products. (1980)

Rat liver folylpolyglutamate synthetase was partially purified and its reaction and products were characterized. The preparation contained no conjugase activity. Gel filtration analysis revealed a molecular weight of 69,000. The synthetase was optimally active at pH 8.4 (37 degrees C), required mercaptoethanol and a monovalent cation, and was highly specific for L-glutamate. Only purine nucleoside triphosphates served as the energy source for the reaction; ATP and dATP gave the best activity. All naturally occurring folates (including 5-methyl-tetrahydrofolic acid) as well as a number of folate analogs (including methotrexate) served as substrates. The unnatural diastereoisomer of at least one folate, 5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolic acid, was also a substrate. Modifications of the terminal, acceptor glutamate led to loss of substrate activity, as well as loss of binding. High pressure liquid chromatography analysis, conjugase digestion, double radiolabel studies, and amino acid analysis of acid-hydrolyzed product confirmed that folylpoly-gamma-glutamates were synthesized. High concentrations of (dl)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolic acid favored accumulation of short chain (predominantly diglutamate) products while low concentrations favored accumulation of longer chains (predominantly tetraglutamate). This inverse relationship between concentration and chain length may be of regulatory significance. Synthesis of pentaglutamate forms, the predominant chain length of rat liver folates in vivo, was detected at low (dl)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolic acid, but hexaglutamate was not detected. Synthetic (l)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydropteroylpentaglutamate was a poor substrate for the synthetase but it inhibited formation of polyglutamates from monoglutamates. These observations indicate that the predominant chain length of folates in rat liver may be determined solely by the substrate specificity of the rat liver synthetase. Inhibition by the specificity of the rat liver synthetase. Inhibition by the pentaglutamate derivative offers a means by which folylpolyglutamates could regulate their own synthesis.
Relation between the residual induction and the temperature stability of sintered Nd–Dy–Fe–Co–B magnets (2015)

Relation between the temperature coefficient of induction of materials of the Nd–Dy–Fe–Co–B system at temperatures of 20–100°C and their residual induction has been found. It is shown that the residual induction is 0.6 T at the zero temperature coefficient of induction.
Synchronization of two LC- oscillators using capacitive coupling (2008)

This paper considers two oscillators (van der Pol or Robinson type) synchronized using capacitive coupling. Equations are derived for the oscillation frequency and amplitudes. They show that the frequency of synchronous oscillation is different from the frequencies of individual oscillators. The amplitudes of oscillation are also different: one oscillator becomes a master and the second oscillator becomes a slave. A method of quasilinear approximation is used to evaluate the stability of synchronous oscillation. Simulation results for a 5 GHz oscillator confirm the theoretical analysis.