gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effects of genotype and genotype—environment interaction on deoxynivalenol accumulation and resistance to Fusarium head blight in rye, triticale, and wheat (2001)

Abstract Fusarium culmorum is one of the most important Fusarium species causing head blight infections in wheat, rye, and triticale. It is known as a potent mycotoxin producer with deoxynivalenol (DON), 3‐acetyl deoxynivalenol (3‐ADON), and nivalenol (NIV) being the most prevalent toxins. In this study, the effect of winter cereal species, host genotype, and environment on DON accumulation and Fusarium head blight (FHB) was analysed by inoculating 12 rye, eight wheat, and six triticale genotypes of different resistance levels with a DON‐producing isolate at three locations in 2 years (six environments). Seven resistance traits were assessed, including head blight rating and relative plot yield. In addition, ergosterol, DON and 3‐ADON contents in the grain were determined. A growth‐chamber experiment with an artificially synchronized flowering date was also conducted with a subset of two rye, wheat and triticale genotypes. Although rye genotypes were, on average, affected by Fusarium infections much the same as wheat genotypes, wheat accumulated twice as much DON as rye. Triticale was least affected and the grain contained slightly more DON than rye. In the growth‐chamber experiment, wheat and rye again showed similar head blight ratings, but rye had a somewhat lower relative head weight and a DON content nine times lower than wheat (3.9 vs. 35.3 mg/kg). Triticale was least susceptible with a five times lower DON content than wheat. Significant (P = 0.01) genotypic variation for DON accumulation existed in wheat and rye. The differences between and within cereal species in the field experiments were highly influenced by environment for resistance traits and mycotoxin contents. Nevertheless, mean mycotoxin content of the grain could not be associated with general weather conditions in the individual environments. Strong genotype‐environment interactions were found for all cereal species. This was mainly due to three wheat varieties and one rye genotype being environmentally extremely unstable. The more resistant entries, however, showed a higher environmental stability of FHB resistance and tolerance to DON accumulation. Correlations between resistance traits and DON content were high in wheat (P = 0.01), with the most resistant varieties also accumulating less DON, but with variability in rye. In conclusion, the medium to large genotypic variation in wheat and rye offers good possibilities for reducing DON content in the grains by resistance selection. Large confounding effects caused by the environment will require multiple locations and/or years to evaluate FHB resistance and mycotoxin accumulation.
Familial Hyperinsulinemia Due to a Structurally Abnormal Insulin (1984)

We have identified a patient with mild diabetes, marked fasting hyperinsulinemia (89 to 130 microU of insulin per milliliter), and a reduced fasting C-peptide: insulin molar ratio of 1.11 to 1.50 (normal, greater than 4). The patient responded normally to exogenous insulin. However, her endogenous immunoreactive insulin showed reduced biologic activity during a glucose-clamp study with hyperglycemia and a reduced ability to bind to the insulin receptor and stimulate glucose transport in vitro. Family studies showed that five additional relatives in three generations had variable degrees of glucose intolerance, marked hyperinsulinemia, and a reduced peripheral C-peptide:insulin molar ratio. Restriction-endonuclease cleavage of DNA isolated from circulating leukocytes in the patient and in family members with hyperinsulinemia revealed loss of the MboII recognition site in one allele of the insulin gene--consistent with a point mutation at position 24 or 25 in the insulin B chain. Other studies using high-pressure liquid chromatography and detailed gene analysis have identified the defect as a serine for phenylalanine substitution at position 24 of the insulin B chain. The secretion of a structurally abnormal insulin should be considered in patients with hyperinsulinemia who respond normally to exogenous insulin and have a reduced C-peptide:insulin molar ratio. Glucose tolerance may range from relatively normal to overtly diabetic.
Low-complexity and Low-overhead Receiver for OTFS via Large-scale Antenna Array (2020)

Orthogonal time frequency space (OTFS) is a modulation technique that is dedicated to the high-speed mobility scenario. However, its transmission involves a two-dimensional convolution of the symbols of interest and the multipath fading channel, and it complicates the equalization. In addition to the high-complexity issue, the existing pilot pattern to estimate the unknown channel accurately requires large overhead to avoid the pilot being contaminated, which is spectrally inefficient. In this paper, we propose a receiver approach by the marriage of the OTFS and a large-scale antenna array, which allows low-complexity detection and low-overhead pilot pattern design. First, the received signal from each path of the multipath fading channel is identified by a high-resolution receive beamformer facilitated by a large-scale antenna array. Then the identified signal from each angle in the delay-Doppler domain reduces to a flat-faded signal, which can be simply equalized using the channel information estimated by our pilot pattern. We further provide the estimator of the channel fading and the rotations of delay and Doppler. With these estimates, the symbols of interest can be recovered, and then, the signals from all angles of arrival are combined as different diversity versions. In addition, our pilot pattern with only around 25% overhead of the existing pilot pattern ensures the same protection of pilot pollution. Eventually, the efficiency, the reliability, and the low complexity of the proposed receiver approach are further validated by the numerical results.
Angstroms Resolution in Se-Ge Inorganic Photoresists (1981)

The intrinsic resolving power of a Se-Ge inorganic photoresist is investigated using a novel fine-particle technique. Ultra-fine resolution of up to about 10 Å is confirmed. Such a high resolution exceeding the optical limit is one of the essential features of amorphous chalcogenide materials.
Myocardial characterisation in Becker muscular dystrophy using T1 and T2 mapping (2015)

Methods From April 2012 to May 2014, 84 consecutive patients (age=38,6 ± 13,6 years) with Becker muscular dystrophy (BMD) and 12 control subjects underwent cardiac magnetic imaging (MRI) on a 3-T clinical scanner (Magnetom Trio Tim, Siemens Healthcare). T1 maps and apparent extracellular volume fraction (appECV) preand post-GdDOTA injection was performed with a prototype modified Look-Locker sequence (MOLLI, 3, 3 and 5 image acquisitions). T2 maps were generated with a T2 prepared TrueFISP sequence acquired with 3 preparation times (0, 25 and 55 ms). Late Gadolinium enhancement (LGE), T1, T2, appECV were assessed according to the classification of the AHA segmentation.
Evaluation of Pedicle Screw Placement in the Deformed Spine Using Intraoperative Plain Radiographs: A Comparison With Computerized Tomography (2005)

Intraoperative plain radiographs alone using 3 radiographic criteria were very sensitive to detect lateral wall pedicle screw violations, specific for assessing for medial wall violations, and highly accurate for both. This result confirms the ability of careful intraoperative plain radiographic assessment after pedicle screw insertion to detect malpositioned screws, to allow for possible revision during the index operation.
Intestinal permeability in coeliac disease: insight into mechanisms and relevance to pathogenesis (2011)

Coeliac disease is a gut disease driven by an abnormal immune response towards dietary gluten in genetically susceptible individuals. Whether and, if so, how abnormal transport of gluten across the gut epithelium may participate in the pathogenesis of coeliac disease remains debatable. This paper summarises the interactions of gluten-derived peptides with the intestinal epithelium and discusses the mechanisms that control their transport across the epithelium. It shows how recent data point to a key role for the transcellular pathway and highlights the 'Trojan horse' role of secretory IgA which can hijack the transferrin receptor and allow the rapid translocation of intact gluten peptides into the mucosa. These recent findings might be useful for the design of new treatments.
Linear interpolation of periodic error in a heterodyne laser interferometer at subnanometer levels (dimension measurement) (1989)

Heterodyne laser interferometry and its accuracy at subnanometer levels are discussed. The simplest optical nonpolarization heterodyne interferometer is tested experimentally to understand and reduce fringe distortion. An accuracy of 0.1 nm for the 633-nm He-Ne laser interferometer is achieved.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Expression of tumour necrosis factor (TNF) ligand superfamily co‐stimulatory molecules CD30L, CD27L, OX40L, and 4‐1BBL in murine hearts with acute myocarditis caused by Coxsackievirus B3 (2001)

Antigen-specific T-cells infiltrate the heart and play an important role in the myocardial damage involved in acute myocarditis and dilated cardiomyopathy. To investigate the roles of the co-stimulatory molecules CD30/CD30L, CD27/CD27L, OX40/OX40L, and 4-1BB/4-1BBL, which belong to the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor/ligand superfamily, in the development of acute viral myocarditis, the expression of these molecules was first analysed in the hearts of mice with acute myocarditis induced by Coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3) in vivo. Secondly, the induction of these molecules was evaluated on cultured cardiac myocytes treated with interferon (IFN)-gamma and the interleukin (IL)-6 production by cultured cardiac myocytes was analysed by stimulation with monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) against these molecules in vitro. Thirdly, the effects of in vivo administration of anti-CD30L, anti-CD27L, anti-OX40L, or anti-4-1BBL MAb on the development of acute viral myocarditis were examined. CVB3-induced myocarditis resulted in the induction of CD30L and 4-1BBL on the surface of cardiac myocytes, confirmed by treatment with IFN-gamma in vitro. CD27L and OX40L were constitutively expressed on cardiac myocytes in vivo and in vitro. Anti-CD30L and anti-4-1BBL MAbs stimulated IL-6 production by cardiac myocytes in vitro. Furthermore, in vivo anti-4-1BBL MAb treatment significantly decreased the myocardial inflammation, whereas the other MAbs did not. These findings suggest that TNF ligand superfamily co-stimulatory molecules, especially 4-1BBL, play an important role in the development of acute viral myocarditis and raise the possibility that immunotherapy with anti-4-1BBL MAb may be of benefit in acute viral myocarditis.
Validation of a keystroke-level model for a text entry system used by people with disabilities (1994)

A keystroke-level model of user performance was developed to predict the improvement in text generation rate with a word prediction system relative to letters-only typing. Two sets of model simulations were tested against the actual performance of able-bodied and spinal cord injured subjects. For Model 1A, user parameter values were determined independently of subjects' actual performance. The percent improvements predicted by Model 1A differed from the actual improvements by 11 percentage points for able-bodied subjects and 53 percentage points for spinal cord injured subjects. Model 1B employed user parameter values derived from subjects' data and yielded more accurate simulations, with an average error of 6 percentage points across all subjects.
Two-Photon Absorption in Three-Dimensional Chromophores Based on [2.2]-Paracyclophane (2004)

A series of alpha,omega-bis donor substituted oligophenylenevinylene dimers held together by the [2.2]paracyclophane core were synthesized to probe how the number of repeat units and through-space delocalization influence two-photon absorption cross sections. Specifically, the paracyclophane molecules are tetra(4,7,12,15)-(4'-dihexylaminostyryl)[2.2]paracyclophane (3R(D)), tetra(4,7,12,15)-(4' '-(4'-dihexylaminostyryl)styryl)[2.2]paracyclophane (5R(D)), and tetra(4,7,12,15)-(4' "-(4' '-(4'-dihexylaminostyryl)styryl)styryl)[2.2]paracyclophane (7R(D)). The compounds bis(1,4)-(4'-dihexylaminostyryl)benzene (3R) and bis(1,4)-(4' '-(4'-dihexylaminostyryl)styryl)benzene (5R) were also synthesized to reveal the properties of the "monomeric" counterparts. The two-photon absorption cross sections were determined by the two-photon induced fluorescence method using both femtosecond and nanosecond pulsed lasers as excitation sources. While there is a red shift in the linear absorption spectra when going from the "monomer" chromophore to the paracyclophane "dimer" (i.e., 3R --> 3R(D), 5R --> 5R(D)), there is no shift in the two-photon absorption maxima. A theoretical treatment of these trends and the dependence of transition dipole moments on molecular structure rely on calculations that interfaced time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) techniques with the collective electronic oscillator (CEO) program. These theoretical and experimental results indicate that intermolecular interactions can strongly affect B(u) states but weakly perturb A(g) states, due to the small dipole-dipole coupling between A(g) states on the chromophores in the dimer.
A Case of Undiagnosed Syphilis in a Patient Undergoing Coronary Artery Bypass Graft and Aortic Valve Surgery (2008)

We report a case of syphilitic aortitis suspected by the intraoperative appearance of the aorta. Diagnosis was confirmed by postoperative serological testing. Given the recent increase in the number of cases of primary syphilis, it is important to remain aware of the clinical and pathological manifestations of tertiary syphilis.
Desiccating Stress Induces T Cell-Mediated Sjogren’s Syndrome-Like Lacrimal Keratoconjunctivitis (2006)

Chronic dry eye syndrome affects over 10 million people in the United States; it is associated with inflammation of the lacrimal gland (LG) and in some cases involves T cell infiltration of the conjunctiva. We demonstrate that environmental desiccating stress (DS) elicits T cell-mediated inflammation of the cornea, conjunctiva, and LG, but not other organs in mice. The lacrimal keratoconjunctivitis (LKC) was mediated by CD4(+) T cells, which, when adoptively transferred to T cell-deficient nude mice, produced inflammation in the LG, cornea, and conjunctiva, but not in any other organ. Adoptively transferred CD4(+) T cells produced LKC even though recipients were not exposed to DS. LKC was exacerbated in euthymic mice depleted of CD4(+)CD25(+)forkhead/winged helix transcription factor(+) regulatory T cells. The results suggest that DS exposes shared epitopes in the cornea, conjunctiva, and LG that induce pathogenic CD4(+) T cells that produce LKC, which under normal circumstances is restrained by CD4(+)CD25(+)forkhead/winged helix transcription factor(+) regulatory T cells.
[The influence of the use of mupirocin nasal ointment on the incidence of endogenous MRSA infections in an intensive care unit]. (2000)

Nasal carriage of MRSA is a significant risk-factor for the endogenous MRSA infection in immunocompromised patients. MRSA infection in ICU patients is thus mostly endogenous infection. To evaluate the impact of mupirocin use on the incidence of endogenous infection caused by MRSA in an intensive care unit, we prospectively treated all patients in the unit with mupirocin, 3 times daily for 3 days. This routine use of mupirocin led to eradication of nasal MRSA carriage in 81.8% of surveillance cultures and to a significant reduction in the total incidence of MRSA infection among MRSA carrier patients (0 episode in 11 patients) when compared to historical controls prior to the use of mupirocin (3 episodes in 7 patients). Mupirocin nasal ointment was significantly effective to prevent endogenous MRSA infection.
Susceptibility to irritants: role of barrier function, skin dryness and history of atopic dermatitis (1990)

The susceptibility of the skin to various irritants was investigated with the aim of determining the role of the barrier function of the stratum corneum, skin dryness and whether a history of atopic dermatitis (AD) was a factor. The transepidermal water loss (TEWL) was measured using an evaporimeter and skin hydration using a Corneometer and by visual scoring. The group with a history of AD (n = 20) had a lower pre-exposure barrier function and a higher TEWL value following irritant exposure than the group with a history of allergic contact dermatitis (n = 18) and a control group (n = 18). Clinically dry skin was more susceptible than normal skin, though no difference was noted in the pre-exposure barrier function. The increased susceptibility to irritants in those with a past history of AD was probably due to impaired barrier function and/or the presence of a dry skin.
An integrated process for simultaneous desulfurization, dehydration, and recovery of hydrocarbon liquids from natural gas streams (1988)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAn integrated process for simultaneous desulfurization, dehydration, and recovery of hydrocarbon liquids from natural gas streamsSteven F. Sciamanna and Scott LynnCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 1988, 27, 3, 500–506Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1988Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1988https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie00075a021https://doi.org/10.1021/ie00075a021research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views219Altmetric-Citations4LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Synthesis of Doped, Ternary, and Quaternary Materials by Atomic Layer Deposition: A Review (2018)

In the past decade, atomic layer deposition (ALD) has become an important thin film deposition technique for applications in nanoelectronics, catalysis, and other areas due to its high conformality on 3-D nanostructured substrates and control of the film thickness at the atomic level. The current applications of ALD primarily involve binary metal oxides, but for new applications there is increasing interest in more complex materials such as doped, ternary, and quaternary materials. This article reviews how these multicomponent materials can be synthesized by ALD, gives an overview of the materials that have been reported in the literature to date, and discusses important challenges. The most commonly employed approach to synthesize these materials is to combine binary ALD cycles in a supercycle, which provides the ability to control the composition of the material by choosing the cycle ratio. Discussion will focus on four main topics: (i) the characteristics, benefits, and drawbacks of the approaches that currently exist for the synthesis of multicomponent materials, with special attention to the supercycle approach; (ii) the trends in precursor choice, process conditions, and characterization methods, as well as underlying motivations for these design decisions; (iii) the distribution of atoms in the deposited material and the formation of specific (crystalline) phases, which is shown to be dependent on the ALD cycle sequence, deposition temperature, and post-deposition anneal conditions; and (iv) the nucleation effects that occur when switching from one binary ALD process to another, with different explanations provided for why the growth characteristics often deviate from what is expected. This paper provides insight into how the deposition conditions (cycle sequence, temperature, etc.) affect the properties of the resultant thin films, which can serve as a guideline for designing new ALD processes. Furthermore, with an extensive discussion on the nucleation effects taking place during the growth of ternary materials, we hope to contribute to a better understanding of the underlying mechanisms of the ALD growth of multicomponent materials.
Nonlinear Multibay Panel Flutter Evaluation of Composite Laminates with Curvilinear Fibers (2020)

Panel flutter is a real design issue for supersonic flying aerospace vehicles caused by flexible panels subject to unsteady supersonic aerodynamics loading that can lead to critical fatigue damages and catastrophic failures. Many efforts earlier were devoted to this problem, considering the numerical evaluation of a single panel solution typically. Rather than this approach, it is proposed in this paper the nonlinear aeroelastic analysis of adjacent panels, the so-called multibay panels, within the context of variable stiffness composites laminates (VSCL). The aeroelastic model is based on coupling the first-order piston theory with the VSCL structural model developed in accordance with the Classical Lamination Theory (CLT) using the von K\'arm\'an's assumptions to account for geometrical structural nonlinearities. Moreover, the Newmark numerical time-integration is used, aiming to improve computational efficiency. The results of numerical solutions considering four different scenarios are presented, enabling the aeroelastic performance comparison with a conventional laminate, taking into account different fiber trajectories with and without ply contiguity between panels.
Movement Dependence and Layer Specificity of Entorhinal Phase Precession in Two-Dimensional Environments (2014)

As a rat moves, grid cells in its entorhinal cortex (EC) discharge at multiple locations of the external world, and the firing fields of each grid cell span a hexagonal lattice. For movements on linear tracks, spikes tend to occur at successively earlier phases of the theta-band filtered local field potential during the traversal of a firing field - a phenomenon termed phase precession. The complex movement patterns observed in two-dimensional (2D) open-field environments may fundamentally alter phase precession. To study this question at the behaviorally relevant single-run level, we analyzed EC spike patterns as a function of the distance traveled by the rat along each trajectory. This analysis revealed that cells across all EC layers fire spikes that phase-precess; indeed, the rate and extent of phase precession were the same, only the correlation between spike phase and path length was weaker in EC layer III. Both slope and correlation of phase precession were surprisingly similar on linear tracks and in 2D open-field environments despite strong differences in the movement statistics, including running speed. While the phase-precession slope did not correlate with the average running speed, it did depend on specific properties of the animal's path. The longer a curving path through a grid-field in a 2D environment, the shallower was the rate of phase precession, while runs that grazed a grid field tangentially led to a steeper phase-precession slope than runs through the field center. Oscillatory interference models for grid cells do not reproduce the observed phenomena.