gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Remotely Sensing Phytoplankton Size Structure in the Red Sea (2020)

Phytoplankton size structure impacts ocean food-web dynamics and biogeochemical cycling, and is thus an important ecological indicator that can be utilised to quantitatively evaluate the state of marine ecosystems. Potential alterations to size structure are predicted to occur in tropical regions under future scenarios of climate change. Therefore, there is an increasing requirement for the synoptic monitoring of phytoplankton size structure in marine systems. The Red Sea remains a comparatively unexplored tropical marine ecosystem, particularly with regards to its large-scale biological dynamics. Using an in situ pigment dataset acquired in the Red Sea, we parameterise a two-component, abundance-based phytoplankton size model and apply it to remotely-sensed observations of chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) concentration, to infer Chl-a in two size classes of phytoplankton, small cells <2 μm in size (picophytoplankton) and large cells >2 μm in size. Satellite-derived estimates of phytoplankton size structure are in good agreement with corresponding in situ measurements and also capture the spatial variability related to regional mesoscale dynamics. Our analysis reveals that, for the estimation of Chl-a in the two size classes, the model performs comparably or in some cases better, to validations in other oceanic regions. Our model parameterisation will be useful for future studies on the seasonal and interannual variability of phytoplankton size classes in the Red Sea, which may ultimately be relevant for understanding trophic linkages between phytoplankton size structure and fisheries, and the development of marine management strategies.
Development of a tier 1 R5 clade C simian–human immunodeficiency virus as a tool to test neutralizing antibody‐based immunoprophylaxis (2010)

SHIV-1157ipEL-p was reproducibly transmitted in RM, induced cross-clade nAbs, and represents a tool to evaluate anti-HIV-C nAb responses in primates.
Circulating proteomic profiles associated with endometriosis in adolescents and young adults (2022)

N/A.
Polyaddition of Epoxides and Diepoxides to the Acids of Phosphorus (1992)

Addition of monoepoxides to the acids of phosphorus gives telechelic phosphorus containing polyethers. The relative rates of addition of ethylene oxide to the first acidic group in H3PO4, H3PO3 and to the only acidic group in (C2C5O)2P(O)OH are the same. The relative rates of addition to the second and third acidic groups in H3PO4 are higher than the rate of addition to the first one. The addition process is acid catalysed and either the protonated or the H-bonded monomer molecule actually reacts. Polyaddition of diepoxides to H3PO3 or H3PO4 leads to the linear and/or branched polymers. When gels are formed their hydrolysis gives water soluble poly(alkylene phosphate)s.
Turbulent Drag Reduction by Surface Plasma Through Spanwise Flow Oscillation (2006)

An experimental study has been undertaken to reduce skin-friction drag by applying a spanwise oscillation in the near-wall region of a turbulent boundary layer using RF glowdischarge surface plasma. Measurements were taken using hot-wire anemometry at Reτ = 380. The oscillatory plasma forcing was created using two opposing sets of asymmetric plasma actuators. By alternately activating the electrodes, skin-friction drag was reduced by up to 45% in the downstream of the actuators. The plasma action creates a tangential force very close to the wall surface, which creates alternating, co-rotating streamwise vortices in the inner region of the boundary layer. A 40% reduction in mean streamwise velocity and a 30% reduction in turbulent intensity were observed for y < 30. This was accompanied by over 50% reduction in sweep duration and a 30% reduction in sweep intensity. It is suggested that in addition to the spanwise oscillation drag reduction mechanism, the plasmainduced streamwise vortices may be interacting with the naturally occurring quasistreamwise vortices, thus disrupting the turbulence production cycle and leading to weakened near wall events.
Egyenes-e a tőkepiaci árazási modell (CAPM) karakterisztikus és értékpapír-piaci egyenese? (2010)

Tanulmányunk egyrészt arra a kérdésre keresi a választ, vajon helytálló-e a tőkepiaci árazási modell (CAPM) azon feltevése, hogy a piaci kockázat mérőszáma, a béta és a várható hozam között lineáris kapcsolat áll fenn. Másrészt nem tudjuk, hogy megalapozott-e a kockázati mérőszám meghatározásához tett linearitási feltétel. Ha a karakterisztikus egyenesek linearitása sérül, akkor új kockázati mértékek levezetésére van szükség. Vizsgálatainkat a Standard &amp; Poors nagy-, közép- és kisvállalati részvényindex-komponensekből vett, 150 részvényből álló véletlen mintán végezzük el. Az amerikai részvények karakterisztikus egyeneseinek linearitása minden szokásos szignifikanciaszinten elvethető, ezért szemiparametrikus kockázati mértékeket vezetünk le. Írásunkban megmutatjuk, hogy ha a karakterisztikus egyenes linearitása sérül, akkor a tőkepiaci árazási modell bétaja átlagosan szignifikánsan alulbecsli az értékpapír kockázatát, ezért a standard piaci kockázati mérték nem használható. Eredményeink alapján megfogalmazhatjuk azt az állítást, hogy a piacot csak extrém körülmények között lehet megverni. Journal of Economic Literature (JEL) kód: C14, C51, G12, G32.
A Silicon Photonic Accelerator for Convolutional Neural Networks with Heterogeneous Quantization (2022)

Parameter quantization in convolutional neural networks (CNNs) can help generate efficient models with lower memory footprint and computational complexity. But, homogeneous quantization can result in significant degradation of CNN model accuracy. In contrast, heterogeneous quantization represents a promising approach to realize compact, quantized models with higher inference accuracies. In this paper, we propose HQNNA, a CNN accelerator based on non-coherent silicon photonics that can accelerate both homogeneously quantized and heterogeneously quantized CNN models. Our analyses show that HQNNA achieves up to 73.8x better energy-per-bit and 159.5x better throughput-energy efficiency than state-of-the-art photonic CNN accelerators.
Surgical Treatment of Overcorrection Following Radial Keratotomy: Evaluation of Clinical Effectiveness (1991)

Secondary hyperopia following radial keratotomy (RK) may result from an initial overcorrection or from a continued effect of the procedure with time. We retrospectively evaluated the effect of surgical intervention for the management of overcorrection following RK in six patients who had undergone reopening of all RK incisions, followed by irrigation and closure of the incisions with 10-0 mersilene sutures. Three patients with prior 4-incision RK, with follow-up of 4 to 26 months, were steepened a mean of 1.63 diopters keratometrically; three patients with prior 8-incision RK, with follow-up of 3 to 12 months, were steepened a mean of 1.46 D keratometrically. Comparison of intraoperative with postoperative keratometry demonstrated a substantial loss of effect with time, which stabilized by 2 months in 4-incision RK patients and by 3 months in 8-incision RK patients. Nevertheless, placement of interrupted sutures across reopened radial incisions consistently induced central corneal steepening in these six patients.
Advances in Human Papillomavirus (2016)

Human papillomavirus infection is an infection by human papillomavirus (HPV), a DNA virus from the papillomavirus family, of which over 150 types are known. Most HPV infections cause no symptoms and resolve spontaneously. More than 40 types are transmitted through sexual contact and infect the anus and genitals. In some, they persist and result in warts or precancerous lesions. The precancerous lesions increase the risk of cancer of the cervix, vulva, vagina, penis, anus, mouth, or throat. Nearly all cervical cancer is due to HPV with two types, HPV16 and HPV18, accounting for 70% of cases. HPV is the most common sexually transmitted infection globally. Most people are infected at some point in their lives. Risk factors for persistent HPV infections include early age of first sexual intercourse, multiple partners, smoking, and poor immune function. Occasionally, it can spread from a mother to her baby during pregnancy.HPV vaccines can prevent the most common types of infection. 


	


	In the present book, fifteen typical literatures about human papillomavirus published on international authoritative journals were selected to introduce the worldwide newest progress, which contains reviews or original researches on medical science, virus disease, virology, epidemiology, ect. We hope this book can demonstrate advances in human papillomavirus as well as give references to the researchers, students and other related people.
Biodistribution of a New Lipid-soluble CT Contrast Agent: Evaluation of Cholesteryl Iopanoate in the Rabbit (1983)

Cholesteryl iopanoate, the prototype for a new class of lipid-soluble, site-specific contrast agents, has undergone preliminary evaluation for organic-specific uptake. This report describes the tissue distribution profile of this radioiodinated sterol ester in the rabbit as a function of time following intravenous injection of tracer doses. Selective accumulation of this agent in the liver and adrenal was observed relative to blood and other tissues. Maximum contrast concentration was achieved between 24 and 48 hours postinjection. Analysis of lipid extra of liver, adrenal, and plasma indicated that the compound was relatively resistant to hydrolysis and dehalogenation. The hepatic selectivity and retention of cholesteryl iopanoate support further study of this or related agents for site-specific, contrast-enhanced computed tomography.
Annotation and Detection of Blended Emotions in Real Human-Human Dialogs Recorded in a Call Center (2005)

In the context of call centers, emotion detection is potentially important for customer care. Emotions in natural interaction are often blended. For example, in a Stock Exchange service centre, some customers are angry because they are afraid to lose money. A 100 agent-client dialog corpus has been annotated at the speaker turn level with one label among 5 emotions including fear and anger. In this paper, we report on our experiments of automatic emotion detection using acoustic cues with several classifiers. 73% correct detection was achieved in discriminating between negative and neutral emotions and 60% between anger and fear. An analysis of the confusions led us to question the validity of the initial single valued annotation scheme. It was found that customer emotional states can be a mixture of anger and fear. As a result a new annotation scheme is used allowing the selection of two verbal labels per segment.
Evaluation of Waste Eggshells for Adsorption of Copper from Synthetic and Swine Wastewater (2018)

Abstract. Biomass-derived adsorbents are an attractive alternative to conventional water treatment methods. This study evaluated eggshells produced by the liquid egg and food processing industry for the adsorption of copper from aqueous systems. Research objectives were to (1) determine copper adsorption mechanisms and (2) evaluate copper adsorption by eggshells for the treatment of wastewater. Batch experiments were performed by contacting eggshells with copper solutions to obtain equilibrium, kinetic, and thermodynamic data to determine removal mechanisms and maximum adsorption capacity. Results suggested that the adsorption of copper followed a second-order kinetic model with a theoretical maximum adsorption capacity of 4.3 mg g -1 (20°C). In addition, eggshell adsorption was found to be a favorable process, with an activation energy of approximately 27 to 29 kJ mol -1 , and followed similar mechanisms as its calcite analog. Data indicated that slightly acidic (pH = 6) to near-neutral pH conditions enhanced adsorption of copper. Additional experiments were performed using swine lagoon wastewater to evaluate the efficacy of eggshells to treat copper from lagoon wastewater. The data suggested that unmodified eggshells were effective for application in swine lagoon systems only under acidic conditions (pH = 4). Further research is needed to modify eggshells that can adsorb copper in lagoon wastewater at neutral and alkaline pH. Keywords: Adsorption, Copper, Eggshell, Swine lagoon, Water.
Biodegradation of Structurally Diverse Phthalate Esters by a Newly Identified Esterase with Catalytic Activity toward Di(2-ethylhexyl) Phthalate (2019)

Herein, we report a double enzyme system to degrade 12 phthalate esters (PAEs), particularly bulky PAEs, such as the widely used bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), in a one-pot cascade process. A PAE-degrading bacterium, <i>Gordonia</i> sp. strain 5F, was isolated from soil polluted with plastic waste. From this strain, a novel esterase (<i>Go</i>Est15) and a mono(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate hydrolase (<i>Go</i>EstM1) were identified by homology-based cloning. <i>Go</i>Est15 showed broad substrate specificity, hydrolyzing DEHP and 10 other PAEs to monoalkyl phthalates, which were further degraded by <i>Go</i>EstM1 to phthalic acid. <i>Go</i>Est15 and <i>Go</i>EstM1 were heterologously coexpressed in <i>Escherichia coli</i> BL21 (DE3), which could then completely degrade 12 PAEs (5 mM), within 1 and 24 h for small and bulky substrates, respectively. To our knowledge, <i>Go</i>Est15 is the first DEHP hydrolase with a known protein sequence, which will enable protein engineering to enhance its catalytic performance in the future.
Snapshots of Laser-Generated Wakefields (2006)

We report the first single‐shot holographic measurements of transverse and longitudinal structure of laser‐generated wakefields. Real‐time, non‐averaged measurements of resonant wakes reveal detailed temporal and spatial features that depend on pulse energy and electron density. Simulations with the PIC code WAKE show excellent agreement with the morphology of the wakefields.
Search for a Predicted Hydrogen Bonding Motif − A Multidisciplinary Investigation into the Polymorphism of 3-Azabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane-2,4-dione (2007)

The predictions of the crystal structure of 3-azabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane-2,4-dione submitted in the 2001 international blind test of crystal structure prediction (CSP2001) led to the conclusion that crystal structures containing an alternative hydrogen bonded dimer motif were energetically competitive with the known catemer-based structure. Here we report an extensive search for a dimer-based crystal structure. Using an automated polymorph screen a new catemer-based metastable polymorph (form 2) and two new catemer-based solvates were found, and concurrent thermal studies reproduced form 2 and identified a plastic phase (form 3), whose powder X-ray diffraction pattern was consistent with the cubic space group I23 (a = 7.5856(1) A). Computational studies on the monomer showed that the imide N-H was a weak hydrogen bond donor, rationalizing the occurrence of the plastic phase which involved the breaking of all hydrogen bonds, and modeling of small clusters showed that dimers could easily reorganize to give the catemer. FTIR spectra confirmed the weakness of the hydrogen bond, with the solute showing no self-assembly in solution. It is concluded that the weakness of the N-H donor, coupled with the globular shape of the molecule, allows unusually facile transformation between alternative hydrogen bonding motifs during aggregation and nucleation.
Increased circulating CD14brightCD16+ intermediate monocytes are regulated by TNF-α and IL-6 axis in accordance with disease activity in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. (2018)

We showed that the population of CD14brightCD16+ monocytes significantly decreased with the change of disease activity by key cytokines, IL-6 or TNF-α signal blockade in RA. This result indicates that the proportion of those monocytes is important for reflecting disease activity in RA.
Nonwoven Carboxylated Agarose-Based Fiber Meshes with Antimicrobial Properties (2016)

Hydrogel forming polysaccharides, such as the seaweed derived agarose, are well suited for wound dressing applications as they have excellent cell and soft tissue compatibility. For wound dressings, fibrous structure is desirable as the high surface area can favor adsorption of wound exudate and promote drug delivery. Although electrospinning offers a straightforward means to produce nonwoven fibrous polymeric structures, processing agarose and its derivatives into fibers through electrospinning is challenging as it has limited solubility in solvents other than water. In this study we describe the processing of carboxylated agarose (CA) fibers with antibacterial properties by electrospinning from a solution of the ionic liquid (IL) 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([Bmim]<sup>+</sup>Cl<sup>-</sup>) possessing antimicrobial properties. The extent of carboxylation was found to impact fiber diameter, mesh elastic modulus, fiber swelling, and the loading and release of IL. IL-bearing CA fibers inhibited the growth of Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, bacteria commonly found in wound exudate. In sum, nonwoven CA fibers processed from IL are promising as biomaterials for wound dressing applications.
Differential induction of gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase in primary cultures of rat and mouse hepatocytes parallels induction during hepatocarcinogenesis (1998)

In carcinogen-treated rats, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) is induced in preneoplastic liver lesions and liver tumors. However, in mice, GGT is rarely detected during hepatocarcinogenesis. Data in this study reveal that GGT is not induced in mouse hepatocytes when they are maintained in vitro under the same conditions that induce GGT activity in primary cultures of rat hepatocytes. GGT activity in rat hepatocytes increased 20-fold during the first 7 days in culture, but there was no induction of GGT in primary cultures of mouse hepatocytes. Comparison of intracellular glutathione levels in rat and mouse liver cells showed that the glutathione level was higher in the mouse liver cells than the rat. Blocking glutathione synthesis with buthionine sulfoximine reduced the intracellular glutathione concentration in mouse liver cells but did not trigger an induction of GGT. Analysis of the GGT mRNA in primary cultures of rat hepatocytes showed that only GGT mRNA(III) is induced. This is the same GGT mRNA species present in preneoplastic hepatic lesions and liver tumors in the rat (1-3). Therefore activation of promoter III in the GGT gene is responsible for induction of GGT in both hepatocytes in vitro and liver tumors in vivo. These data show that primary cultures of rat and mouse hepatocytes provide a model system with which to study interspecies differences in the regulation of this enzyme and to better understand the role of GGT in normal and neoplastic processes.
Wideband Noise Radar based in Phase Coded Sequences (2010)

The improvement introduced by the hereby introduced noise radar in dynamic range thematic and sidelobes suppression is based on the autocorrelation properties of the used pseudorandom sequences: the Golay series. The binary phase codes are characterized by a nonperiodic autocorrelation function with minimum sidelobes amplitude level. An important class of these binary codes is the denominated complementary codes, also known as Golay codes. The complementary codes consist of a pair of same length sequences that present the following property: when their respective autocorrelation functions are algebraically added, their sidelobes are cancelled. In addition, the amplitude level of the autocorrelation peak is increased by this sum doubling its value. The complementary series have certain features that make them more suitable than PRBS sequences for some applications. Among them most important it is the double gain in the autocorrelation function. This increased gain is obtained with no need to introduce an additional hardware structure.
Scandium fluorophosphate glasses: a structural approach (2002)

A systematic investigation on glass formation in the ternary system InF 3 –BaF 2 –〚Sc(PO 3 ) 3 〛 n has been carried out. Scandium polyphosphate 〚Sc(PO 3 ) 3 〛 n has been used as a third component in order to investigate the possibilities of obtaining new stable glasses. The above long-chain polyphosphate has been prepared using a specially elaborated cryo-technique, which allowed the preparation of high-purity product. Stable ternary compositions have been obtained within the compositions range (in mol%): 5–75 InF 3 , 0–80% BaF 2 , 0–50% 〚Sc(PO 3 ) 3 〛 n . Glasses were characterized by Differential Scanning Calorimetry, vibrational spectroscopy (Raman) and 31 P NMR. Structural features for the glass were put forward. Isolated P(O,F)4 groups or fluoroindated metaphosphate units could be identified depending on glass compositions.
Investigation of Excess‐Electron Transfer in DNA Double‐Duplex Systems Allows Estimation of Absolute Excess‐Electron Transfer and CPD Cleavage Rates (2010)

To investigate the parameters and rates that determine excess-electron transfer processes in DNA duplexes, we developed a DNA double-duplex system containing a reduced and deprotonated flavin donor at the junction of two duplexes with either the same or different electron acceptors in the individual duplex substructures. This model system allows us to bring the two electron acceptors in the duplex substructures into direct competition for injected electrons and this enables us to decipher how the kind of acceptor influences the transfer data. Measurements with the electron acceptors 8-bromo-dA (BrdA), 8-bromo-dG (BrdG), 5-bromo-dU (BrdU), and a cyclobutane pyrimidine dimer, which is a UV-induced DNA lesion, allowed us to obtain directly the maximum overall reaction rates of these acceptors and especially of the T=T dimer with the injected electrons in the duplex. In line with previous observations, we detected that the overall dimer cleavage rate is about one order of magnitude slower than the debromination of BrdU. Furthermore, we present a more detailed explanation of why sequence dependence cannot be observed when a T=T dimer is used as the acceptor and we estimate the absolute excess-electron hopping rates.
Symmetrical Combiner Analysis with S Parameter Matrices and Equivalent Circuits. (1980)

A theory was developed and verified which predicts maximum potential efficiency and input impedance of symmetrical summing networks, which are used in the design of solid-state microwave power combiners. A new TM010/MIC summing network design was used to test the efficiency and input impedance equations. The resulting efficiency of this unit was 55% at Ku band, with four input ports connected. Extrapolation indicated efficiencies of 90% or better with 18 or more input ports. Sufficient room exists for 31 input ports using this technique. The theory was also extended to include degradation with one or more solid state sources failed and indicates there is potential for improvement in this area if proper design techniques are used.
The trends of complementary alternative medicine use among cancer patients (2021)

There is a significant change in CAM use among cancer patients over the decade, which reflects major societal and cultural changes in this population. Further studies and interventions are needed to improve the disclosure to physicians and to improve other aspects of care to these patients.
Rituximab in the treatment of resistant lupus nephritis: therapy failure in rapidly progressive crescentic lupus nephritis (2013)

Rituximab therapy achieved a response in 13/18 patients with refractory LN. However, in patients with rapidly progressive crescentic LN, when there is already evidence of significant renal impairment, rituximab therapy may not prevent progression to ESRF and dialysis. Our data also suggest that severe Class IV-G LN may be associated with a poor response to therapy.