gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Manipulation of brain DNA synthesis is achieved by using a systemic immunological disease. (1982)

Previously, we showed that as early as postnatal day 11 an immunological disease, graft-versus-host disease, induced by grafting allogeneic lymph node cells into an immunoincompetent neonatal rat significantly decreases cerebellar histogenesis--i.e., DNA synthesis and the number of newly formed neurons. Here, we report that, subsequent to successful immunotherapy, there was a reversal of the deleterious graft-versus-host disease-induced alterations in DNA synthesis in individual cerebellar germinal cells. Immunotherapy involved treating the diseased rats on postnatal days 11, 12, and 13 with alloantiserum specifically directed against the grafted lymph node cells injected on the day of birth. On postnatal day 14, diseased, serum-treated, and control littermates were injected with [3H]thymidine and, 15 min later, the cerebella were excised and autoradiographed. A 0.72-mm segment of the external granular layer in the cerebellar fissure between lobules VIB and C was searched for labeled cells. The control group had the greatest number of labeled cells, defined by the presence of six or more autoradiographic grains. (43 +/- 4, mean +/- SEM) and the greatest number of grains per cell (9.5 +/- 0.2). Rats with the disease had few labeled cells (4 +/- 2) and the number of grains per cell was low (6.6 +/- 0.6); however, serum treatment increased both the number of labeled cells (26 +/- 8) and the number of grains per cell (7.4 +/- 0.2). These results show that without mononuclear infiltrates or inflammation in the cerebellum, a systemic immunological disease can dramatically decrease DNA synthesis per germinal cell and, moreover, that halting the disease by alloantiserum therapy can reverse this effect. These findings emphasize the sensitive plastic nature of neuronal cell acquisition in the normally developing brain.
Fractional Tap-Spacing Equalizer and Consequences for Clock Recovery in Data Modems (1976)

Adaptive equalizers are usually realized in the form of a transversal filter with variable tap gains and tap spacing equal to the symbol spacing <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">T</tex> . The performance of these equalizers depends critically on the symbol-clock phase derived in the receiver, due to the clock-phase dependent aliasing of the spectral roll-off components, upon which the conventional equalizer has no influence. In this paper we study the possibility of overcoming this difficulty by making the tap spacing of the equalizer somewhat smaller than <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">T</tex> (fractional tap spacing). It is shown that this leads to satisfactory performance of the equalizer for a broad continuous range of clock phases, without penalizing the speed of convergence. Furthermore, it allows the application of a simple clock recovery scheme which derives a phase control signal from the equalizer tap-gain values.
Drimane-type sesquiterpenoids and their anti-inflammatory evaluation from Pyrrhoderma noxium HNNU0524 (2023)

Chemical investigation of a culture broth from the marine-derived fungus <i>Pyrrhoderma noxium</i> HNNU0524 yielded two new compounds including a drimane-type sesquiterpenoid named pyrrnoxin A (<b>1</b>) and a benzoic acid derivative, pyrrnoxin B (<b>5</b>), together with three related known analogues (<b>2</b>-<b>4</b>). The chemical structures of <b>1</b> and <b>5</b> were determined by detailed analysis of spectroscopic data, single-crystal X-ray crystallography, quantum mechanics-based DP4+ and ECD calculations. Compounds <b>2</b> and <b>3</b> moderately inhibited NO production of lipopolysaccharide-induced microglia cells BV2 with IC<sub>50</sub> values of 26.6 and 60.5 µM, respectively.
Sulfonimide-Containing Triblock Copolymers for Improved Conductivity and Mechanical Performance (2015)

Ion-containing block copolymers continue to attract significant interest as conducting membranes in energy storage devices. Reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization enables the synthesis of well-defined ionomeric A–BC–A triblock copolymers, featuring a microphase-separated morphology and a combination of excellent mechanical properties and high ion transport. The soft central “BC” block is composed of poly(4-styrenesulfonyl(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide) (poly(Sty-Tf2N)) with −SO2–N––SO2–CF3 anionic groups associated with a mobile lithium cation and low-Tg di(ethylene glycol)methyl ether methacrylate (DEGMEMA) units. External polystyrene A blocks provide mechanical strength with nanoscale morphology even at high ion content. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and pulse-field-gradient (PFG) NMR spectroscopy have clarified the ion transport properties of these ionomeric A–BC–A triblock copolymers. Results confirmed that well-defined ionomeric A–BC–A triblock copolymers combine improved ion-transport properties with mechanical stability with significant potential for application in energy storage devices.
Immobilized Parathion Hydrolase:  An Amperometric Sensor for Parathion (2000)

An amperometric enzyme biosensor for the direct measurement of parathion was developed. The biosensor is based on parathion hydrolase from Pseudomonas sp. isolated from contaminated soil. The enzyme, which was immobilized on a carbon electrode, catalyzes the hydrolysis of parathion to form p-nitrophenol, which was detected by its anodic oxidation. The enzymatic and electrochemical reactions were examined and optimized. Screen-printed electrodes and a microflow injection system provide the means to significantly reduce the volume of the detected samples. Pulsed techniques further increased the sensitivity of the measurement. The current signal was linearly related to the parathion concentration, and the detection limit was less than 1 ng/mL. The biosensor is rapid as well and can be used outdoors and indoors by a nonqualified person.
Automated identification of subpopulations in flow cytometric list mode data using cluster analysis (1985)

The application of K-means (ISODATA) cluster analysis to flow cytometric data is described. The results of analyses of flow cytometric data for mixtures of fluorescent microspheres and samples of peripheral blood mononuclear cells are presented. A method for simultaneously displaying list mode data for any number of parameters, which had previously been applied to a continuous set of parameters such as multi-angle light scattering data, is used to present the results of cluster analysis on physically unrelated parameters; this method allows rapid evaluation of the success of subpopulation identification. The factors that influence automated identification of subpopulations are examined, and methods for determining optimal values for these factors are described.
Do not forget the classical catalyst poisons: The case of biomass to glycols via catalytic hydrogenolysis (2022)

Abstract The conversion of herbaceous biomass to glycols via tungstate catalyzed hydrogenolysis is challenging owing to its high content of extractives, inorganics and S/N, compared with woody biomass. We tested the hydrogenolysis performance of hay in batch autoclave experiments in the presence of soluble sodium polytungstate and Raney Ni at 245°C, both in excess of catalyst as well as under catalyst‐starving conditions. By this method, we found that additional tungstate and Raney Ni poisons, or at least their much higher concentrations, are present in the hay feedstock compared with woody biomass. It turns out that N‐ and in particular S‐containing components present in hay are the root cause for deactivation of the hydrogenation catalyst. From the experimental data we have derived feedstock criteria for N and S that should be targeted in terms of catalyst consumption for operation in an industrially relevant window. These challenging criteria urge the development of effective pretreatments for S/N removal or the employment of S/N‐tolerant catalysts in the field of catalytic biomass conversion. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.
Catalytic Mechanism of 3-Deoxy-D-manno-2-octulosonate-8-phosphate Synthase (2001)

Catalytic mechanism of 3-deoxy-D-manno-2-octulosonate-8-phosphate (KDO8P) synthase (EC 4.1.2.16), an enzyme involved in the biosynthesis of lipopolysaccharides of Gram-negative bacteria, remains a fascinating subject for both bioorganic and medicinal researches. The enzyme catalyzes an aldol-type condensation of D-arabinose 5-phosphate with phosphoenolpyruvate to produce the unusual eight-carbon saccharide KDO8P and inorganic phosphate. The structure and mechanism of KDO8P synthase have actively studied during last decade as this enzyme represents an important target for antibiotic therapy. This review summarizes the most mechanistically relevant information reported to date, with special emphases on the synthesis and evaluation of a number of analogues of substrates, product and proposed intermediates of the KDO8P-synthase- catalyzed reaction. The results introduced here illustrate the value of organic synthesis to characterize enzymatic reaction. Mechanistic postulates have pointed the way to the design of potent inhibitors, and these in turn have provided insight into details of the reaction, as well as useful structural models for elusive intermediates. Keywords: Deoxy D manno, octulosonate, catalytic mechanism, Stereoselective, lipopolysaccharide
Physically Flexible, Rapid‐Response Gas Sensor Based on Colloidal Quantum Dot Solids (2014)

A gas sensor based on PbS colloidal quantum dots (CQDs) is constructed on a paper substrate, yielding flexible, rapid-response NO₂ gas sensors, fabricated from the solution phase. The devices are highly sensitive and fully recoverable at room temperature, which is attributed to the excellent access of gas molecules to the CQD surface, realized by surface ligand removal, combined with the desirable binding energy of NO₂ with the PbS CQDs.
Softwareand evaluation of genome-wide libraries for RNA interference screens (2010)

RNA interference (RNAi) screens have enabled the systematic analysis of many biological processes in cultured cells and whole organisms. The success of such screens and the interpretation of the data depend on the stringent design of RNAi libraries. We describe and validate NEXT-RNAi, a software for the automated design and evaluation of RNAi sequences on a genome-wide scale. NEXT-RNAi is implemented as open-source software and is accessible at http:// www.nextrnai.org/.
Characterization of the 5â² subtilisin (aprE) regulatory region fromBacillus subtilis (2000)

The aprE gene of Bacillus subtilis encodes the major serine alkaline protease known as subtilisin. It is expressed during the transition state and transcribed by the sigma(A) form of the RNA polymerase (RNAP). In this work, we characterized the regulatory region of the aprE gene (rraprE) from B. subtilis. By computer analysis and site-directed mutagenesis, we localized the aprE promoter sequence 7 bp upstream from its transcription initiation site (TIS). We also characterized the static curvature properties of the rraprE DNA and found two different areas of DNA bending, within the first 400 bp upstream of its TIS. We postulate that these particular curved DNA regions could play a role in the interaction with some regulatory proteins and discuss possible implications related to aprE transcription regulation.
Review of research on agricultural vehicle autonomous guidance (2009)

A brief review of research in agricultural vehicle guidance technologies is presented. The authors propose the conceptual framework of an agricultural vehicle autonomous guidance system, and then analyze its device characteristics. This paper introduces navigation sensors, computational methods, navigation planners and steering controllers. Sensors include global positioning systems (GPS), machine vision, dead-reckoning sensors, laser-based sensors, inertial sensors and geomagnetic direction sensors. Computational methods for sensor information are used to extract features and fuse data. Planners generate movement information to supply control algorithms. Actuators transform guidance information into changes in position and direction. A number of prototype guidance systems have been developed but have not yet proceeded to commercialization. GPS and machine vision fused together or one fused with another auxiliary technology is becoming the trend development for agricultural vehicle guidance systems. Application of new popular robotic technologies will augment the realization of agricultural vehicle automation in the future. Keywords: agricultural vehicle, guidance, machine vision, GPS DOI: 10.3965/j.issn.1934-6344.2009.03.001-016 Citation: Ming Li, Kenji Imou, Katsuhiro Wakabayashi, Shinya Yokoyama. Review of research on agricultural vehicle autonomous guidance. Int J Agric & Biol Eng, 2009; 2(3): 1
Molecular imaging of atherosclerosis: spotlight on Raman spectroscopy and surface-enhanced Raman scattering (2017)

To accurately predict atherosclerotic plaque progression, a detailed phenotype of the lesion at the molecular level is required. Here, we assess the respective merits and limitations of molecular imaging tools. Clinical imaging includes contrast-enhanced ultrasound, an inexpensive and non-toxic technique but with poor sensitivity. CT benefits from high spatial resolution but poor sensitivity coupled with an increasing radiation burden that limits multiplexing. Despite high sensitivity, positron emission tomography and single-photon emission tomography have disadvantages when applied to multiplex molecular imaging due to poor spatial resolution, signal cross talk and increasing radiation dose. In contrast, MRI is non-toxic, displays good spatial resolution but poor sensitivity. Preclinical techniques include near-infrared fluorescence (NIRF), which provides good spatial resolution and sensitivity; however, multiplexing with NIRF is limited, due to photobleaching and spectral overlap. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy are label-free techniques that detect molecules based on the vibrations of chemical bonds. Both techniques offer fast acquisition times with Raman showing superior spatial resolution. Raman signals are inherently weak; however, leading to the development of surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) that offers greatly increased sensitivity due to using metallic nanoparticles that can be functionalised with biomolecules targeted against plaque ligands while offering high multiplexing potential. This asset combined with high spatial resolution makes SERS an exciting prospect as a diagnostic tool. The ongoing refinements of SERS technologies such as deep tissue imaging and portable systems making SERS a realistic prospect for translation to the clinic.
Social thermodynamics: Modelling communication dynamics in social network (2012)

Thermodynamics, a concept thought of two centuries ago, refurbished and elaborated since, assimilated and transposed to distinctive disciplines stretching from neuroscience to economics but still lacks in-depth exploration of its impact on social networks. The aim is to model thermodynamic principles after social networks, to understand how different variables of the system such as entropy, temperature, energy and pressure steers the communication between agents at a broader sense. These innate synthetic variables of social thermodynamics can expose; varied and difficult to analyze dynamics in a network with higher order of approximation. Quantifying these variables in this context has promising applications in business intelligence, information diffusion and network analysis. This paper casts light on distinct attempts to measure social entropy and other social thermodynamic variables, while presenting methods to construct various thermodynamic processes to study these variables in a restricted environment. We further discuss our observations, findings and challenges in modeling social network as a thermal gaseous system. The paper focus on how these variables behave and what the standard relations signify in social context, more detailed analysis of Isochoric and Adiabatic process equivalents are studied while addressing roadblocks encountered by theorists in the past. Our models are experimented with sample sets collected over a period of 6 months from an enterprise social network for 250K users with over 860M connections. We aim to extend the scope of social interaction analysis beyond today's limitation, thus benefiting from many wide-established principles in thermodynamics.
Targeted Delivery of siRNA Lipoplexes to Cancer Cells Using Macrophage Transient Horizontal Gene Transfer (2019)

Delivery of nucleic acids into solid tumor environments remains a pressing challenge. This study examines the ability of macrophages to horizontally transfer small interfering RNA (siRNA) lipoplexes to cancer cells. Macrophages are a natural candidate for a drug carrier because of their ability to accumulate at high densities into many cancer types, including, breast, prostate, brain, and colon cancer. Here, it is demonstrated that macrophages can horizontally transfer siRNA to cancer cells during in vitro coculture. The amount of transfer can be dosed depending on the amount of siRNA loaded and total number of macrophages delivered. Macrophages loaded with calcium integrin binding protein-1 (CIB1)-siRNA result in decreased tumorsphere growth and decreased mRNA expression of CIB1 and KI67 in MDA-MB-468 human breast cancer cells. Adoptive transfer of macrophages transfected with CIB1-siRNA localizes to the orthotopic MDA-MB-468 tumor. Furthermore, it is reported that macrophage activation can modulate this transfer process as well as intracellular trafficking protein <i>Rab27a</i>. As macrophages are heavily involved in tumor progression, understanding how to use macrophages for drug delivery can substantially benefit the treatment of tumors.
Tardive Dyskinesia: A Key Issue Facing the Psychiatric I Mental Health Nurse (2009)

The use of psychotropic drugs over the past four decades has helped calm violent behavior in psychiatric patients. However, a significant number of patients using these drugs have developed tardive dyskinesia, a potentially irreversible neurological syndrome that causes a variety of involuntary movements of the head, face, and body. The nurse can play a large role in structuring a written informed consent document and a well-coordinated TD monitoring system to protect patients and prevent lawsuits.
Purified colony stimulating factors (G‐CSF and GM‐CSF) induce differentiation in human HL60 leukemic cells with suppression of clonogenicity (1987)

Purified recombinant human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (rHGM-CSF) and purified native murine granulocyte-CSF (G-CSF) both induced differentiation in HL60 cells as evidenced by expression of granulocyte and macrophage membrane antigens, although this was not accompanied by morphological evidence of differentiation. Both types of CSF suppressed clonogenic HL60 cells with evidence of complete clonal extinction. The suppression of clonogenic HL60 cells was preceded in some experiments by CSF-stimulated proliferation of HL60 cells, and this was most evident in cultures containing low concentrations of fetal calf serum (FCS).
Virus Replication in Enucleate Cells: Vesicular Stomatitis Virus and Influenza Virus (1974)

The requirement of the presence of a nucleus for the replication of vesicular stomatitis virus and influenza virus has been examined by following the growth and development of these viruses in enucleate BS-C-1 cells. Vesicular stomatitis virus replicates normally in enucleate cells with the rate of production of infectious virus, the amount of virus-specific protein synthesis, and the type of proteins produced being essentially the same in nucleate and enucleate cells. Influenza virus does not replicate in enucleate cells, no virus gene products can be detected, and there is no inhibition of cellular protein synthesis.
2′-Deoxyribonucleoside 5′-triphosphates bearing 4-phenyl and 4-pyrimidinyl imidazoles as DNA polymerase substrates (2018)

We developed a versatile access to a series of 4-substituted imidazole 2'-deoxynucleoside triphosphate bearing functionalized phenyl or pyrimidinyl rings. 4-Iodo-1H-imidazole was enzymatically converted into the corresponding 2'-deoxynucleoside, which was then chemically derived into its 5'-triphosphate, followed by 4-arylation via Suzuki-Miyaura coupling using (hetero)arylboronic acids. Both KF (exo-) and Deep Vent (exo-) DNA polymerases incorporated these modified nucleotides in primer-extension assays, adenine being the preferred pairing partner in the template. The 4-(3-aminophenyl)imidazole derivative (3APh) was the most efficiently inserted opposite A by KF (exo-) with only a 37-fold lower efficiency (Vmax/KM) than that of the correct dTTP. No further extension occurred after the incorporation of a single aryl-imidazole nucleotide. Interestingly, the aryl-imidazole dNTPs were found to undergo successive incorporation by calf thymus terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase with different tailing efficiencies among this series and with a marked preference for 2APyr polymerization.
Internet Resources (2021)

The Internet is a wonderful tool, and it can help both teachers and students. It’s a great source of resources to help teach the art of writing, and there are many websites that assist with lesson planning, providing classroom ideas and advice. You can find access to many poems and other writings that might not be available in the school library, as well as photos and other materials for inspiration. It’s also an invaluable tool for helpingyour students get published. Below, find two lists of websites that can help you to augment the activities in this book.
FLORA DA RESERVA DUCKE, AMAZONAS, BRASIL: CYPERACEAE (2006)

Terms which are italicised within each definition are themselves defined elsewhere in the Glossary.
Multiobjective Optimization for Enhanced Production of Therapeutic Proteins in Escherichia coli: Application of Real-Time Dielectric Spectroscopy (2020)

This study focuses on optimization of the substrate feeding profile for enhanced production of ranibizumab, a recombinant therapeutic protein, in Escherichia coli. An established process analyzer, dielectric spectroscopy, was deployed to monitor the production process and to estimate real-time biomass. A validated mechanistic model was employed to formulate a multiobjective optimization (MOO) problem. The substrate flow rate during the fed-batch phase (F) was taken as the decision variable for MOO. The Pareto front resulting from MOO revealed that for a minimum broth volume (V) of 1.96 L, a maximum of 58.8 g of total biomass (XV) could be generated. The total biomass obtained from the optimal substrate feeding profile was 20.6% higher than the experimentally achieved total biomass. Enhanced productivity was achieved by the proposed MOO formulation, which facilitates the choice of any operating point from the Pareto front based on downstream expenses of the therapeutic product.