gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An Assessment ofGOES-8Imager Data Quality (1998)

The Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite-8 (GOES-8), the first in the GOES I–M series of advanced meteorological satellites was launched in April 1994 and became operational at 75 °W longitude the following year. GOES-8 features numerous improvements over prior GOES platforms such as 1) improved resolution in the infrared (IR) and water vapor bands, 2) reduced instrument noise, 3) 10-bit visible and IR digitization, 4) greater image frequency, 5) more spectral bands, and 6) an independent sounder. A qualitative and quantitative comparison of the imager data from GOES-8 and GOES-7 shows that imagery from the newer spacecraft is superior in most respects. Improvements in resolution and instrument noise on GOES-8 provide sharper, cleaner images that allow easier detection of significant meteorological or oceanographic features. Infrared temperature comparisons between GOES-8 and GOES-7 were within 0.5°–2.0°C for all IR bands, indicating consistency between the two spacecraft. Visible band albedos from GOES-8 were at least 50% greater than GOES-7 for a wide range of scenes, suggesting that output from the GOES-7 visible detectors had degraded since its launch in 1987. Products derived from GOES-8 imager data for observing fog at night, fire detection, heavy precipitation estimation, and upper-level winds based on cloud or water vapor motion have been shown to be superior to similar products from GOES-7. Early difficulties with image registration and IR striping were alleviated after the first year. Based on the performance of GOES-8, future spacecraft in the GOES I–M series can be expected to provide many years of useful service to meteorologists, oceanographers, and the environmental monitoring community.
Living cationic polymerization of vinyl monomers by organoaluminum halides. 3. Living polymerization of isobutyl vinyl ether by ethyldichloroaluminum in the presence of ester additives (1989)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTLiving cationic polymerization of vinyl monomers by organoaluminum halides. 3. Living polymerization of isobutyl vinyl ether by ethyldichloroaluminum in the presence of ester additivesSadahito Aoshima and Toshinobu HigashimuraCite this: Macromolecules 1989, 22, 3, 1009–1013Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1989Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1989https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00193a001https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00193a001research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1849Altmetric-Citations243LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Accurate 3D eye tracking for multi viewpoint systems (2008)

In this paper we present a system for accurate 3D tracking of pupils of human eyes. In multi viewpoint video systems, this information is needed to present 3D scenes correctly to the viewer on a stereo display. The system input is a stereo image sequence, taken from the viewer by cameras at the sides of the display. The system is based on four steps: global eyes detection, generation of eye feature candidates, selection of the best combinations leading to 2D pupil positions and stereopsis assisted by camera calibration leading to 3D pupil positions. Experimental results show that the system obtains accurate 3D pupil positions with an error in the order of 2 mm. 1. INTRODUCTION In 3D video communications, one of the most promising techniques is the multi viewpoint system [2,6,11] shown in Figure 1. The system provides a sensation of depth and motion parallax based on the position and motion of the viewer. At the presentation side new images are synthesized, based on the actual positio...
New Direct Assay of Free Protein S Antigen Applied to Diagnosis of Protein S Deficiency (1996)

Congenital deficiencies of protein S (PS) are associated with thrombophilia. Their characterization and classification have been hampered by the complex physiology of the protein C-protein S system and the poor standardization and reliability of laboratory assays. The free active form of protein S is usually determined by immunoassay using polyclonal antibodies in the plasma supernate after polyethyleneglycol (PEG) precipitation. A new one step ELISA using two monoclonal antibodies specific for distinct epitopes of the free form of protein S has been developed for the direct measurement of free PS in untreated plasma. We have tested two ELISA assays for free PS. One assay was based on the PEG precipitation (Asserachrom PS, Stago, Asnières, France) whereas the other was a one step ELISA assay (Asserachrom free PS, Stago). Values were obtained in 35 PS deficient patients recruited among 500 consecutive patients evaluated by the laboratory for diagnosis of congenital disorders of coagulation. Values were compared to those obtained in 50 patients with no PS deficiency matched for age and sex with the PS deficient patients as well as in 33 normal subjects and in 12 pregnant women. Strong correlation was found between the two tests (r = 0.81, p < 10(-5)) in the entire population (n = 130), as well as in the separate groups. The new one step ELISA was more accurate than the PEG free PS determination. Determination of PS activity and antigens allowed us to separate quantitative and qualitative deficiencies. Among the qualitative deficiencies, isolated decrease in PS activity was the most frequent defect observed (66%). This fact questions the substitution of PS activity assays by the one step antigenic free PS ELISA assay.
Lipids in the Structure, Folding, and Function of the KcsA K+ Channel (2002)

Lipid molecules surround an ion channel in its native environment of cellular membranes. The importance of the lipid bilayer and the role of lipid protein interactions in ion channel structure and function are not well understood. Here we demonstrate that the bacterial potassium channel KcsA binds a negatively charged lipid molecule. We have defined the potential binding site of the lipid molecule on KcsA by X-ray crystallographic analysis of a complex of KcsA with a monoclonal antibody Fab fragment. We also demonstrate that lipids are required for the in vitro refolding of the KcsA tetramer from the unfolded monomeric state. The correct refolding of the KcsA tetramer requires lipids, but it is not dependent on negatively charged lipids as refolding takes place in the absence of such lipids. We confirm that the presence of negatively charged lipids is required for ion conduction through the KcsA potassium channel, suggesting that the lipid bound to KcsA is important for ion channel function.
Direction matters: A decentralized direction-based TDMA scheduling strategy for VANET (2011)

The upcoming vehicular communication standard IEEE 802.11p adopts a Carrier Sense Multiple Access (CSMA) based MAC protocol, in which the mobile nodes listen to the wireless channel before transmission. In this paper, we show the disadvantages of the CSMA for Vehicular Ad Hoc Network (VANET): 1) lack of the assurance of the delivery delay for the emergent safety messages; 2) poor performance on periodically broadcasting routine safety messages. A real-time MAC protocol is demanded for VANET. Some recent studies suggest designing the protocol based on Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA). The major challenge of designing a TDMA based MAC protocol for VANET with high mobility is to provide efficiently decentralized scheduling. For TDMA, if a node occupies a slot, it will keep the slot until detecting a collision. Thus, by reducing the chance of the encountered nodes occupying the same slot, the efficiency of TDMA can be significantly improved. The vehicular traffic trace shows that in VANET, the majority of the encounters happen in the opposite direction rather than the same direction. According to our theoretical analysis and simulations, we demonstrate that the ratio of the number of encounters from the opposite direction to the total number of encounters exceeds 80%. We further propose an innovative direction-based TDMA scheduling strategy by exploiting this property to cope with fast-changing vehicular topology. Through extensive simulations, we show that the proposed strategy can reduce over 80% of collisions with an acceptable overhead.
High-performance AlGaN metal–semiconductor–metal solar-blind ultraviolet photodetectors by localized surface plasmon enhancement (2015)

AlGaN-based solar-blind ultraviolet photodetectors have attractive potential applications in the fields of missile plume detection, biochemical sensing, solar astronomy, etc. In this work, significant deep ultraviolet detection enhancement is demonstrated on AlGaN-based metal–semiconductor–metal (MSM) solar-blind ultraviolet photodetectors by introducing the coupling of localized surface plasmon from Al nanoparticles with the high-Al-content AlGaN epilayer. The size-controlled Al nanoparticle arrays fabricated by nanosphere lithography can not only reduce the detectors' dark current but also bring about greatly enhanced responsivity. The peak responsivity of AlGaN-based MSM solar-blind ultraviolet photodetectors with Al nanoparticles can reach 2.34 A/W at 269 nm under 20 V bias, enhanced more than 25 times than that without Al nanoparticles. Our approach shows an efficient fabrication technique of high-performance and low-cost plasmonic enhanced AlGaN solar-blind MSM ultraviolet photodetectors.
Elucidating the Oligomerization and Cellular Interactions of a Trimer Derived from Aβ through Fluorescence and Mass Spectrometric Studies (2022)

Aβ oligomers play a central role in the neurodegeneration observed with Alzheimer's disease. Our laboratory has developed covalently stabilized trimers derived from residues 17-36 of Aβ as model systems for studying Aβ oligomers. In the current study, we apply the emerging techniques of fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) and native mass spectrometry (native MS) to better understand the assembly and interactions of the oligomer model system 2AT-L in aqueous solutions and with cells. 2AT-L and fluorescently labeled 2AT-L analogues assemble in the membrane-like environment of SDS-PAGE, showing diffuse bands of oligomers in equilibrium. Native ion mobility-mass spectrometry (native IM-MS) of 2AT-L allows for the identification of discrete oligomers in solution and shows similar patterns of oligomer formation between 2AT-L and fluorescently labeled analogues. Fluorescence microscopy with SH-SY5Y cells reveals that fluorescently labeled 2AT-L analogues colocalize within lysosomes. FLIM studies with phasor analysis further elucidate the assembly of 2AT-L within cells and establish the occurrence of FRET, indicating the presence of oligomers within cells. Collectively, these multiple complementary techniques help better understand the complex behavior of the 2AT-L model system.
A tunable multi-wavelength laser based on a Mach–Zehnder interferometer with photonic crystal fiber (2013)

In this paper a tunable multi-wavelength erbium doped fiber laser, based on a Mach–Zehnder interferometer, is presented. Here the interferometer is achieved by splicing a piece of photonic crystal fiber (PCF) between two segments of a single-mode fiber. The laser can emit a single, double, triple or quadruple line, which can be tuned from 1530 to 1556 nm by controlling the polarization state. Finally it is shown, by experimental results, that the laser has high stability at room temperature.
Cerium Oxide Nanotubes Prepared from Cerium Hydroxide Nanotubes (2005)

Fluorite-structured CeO2 nanotubes have been synthesized by controlled annealing of layered Ce(OH)3 nanotubes. The latter have been fabricated by means of hydrothermal treatment of anhydrate cerium chloride. The Ce(OH)3 nanotube formation has been attributed to lamellar rolling under appropriate conditions. The non-layered CeO2 could possess nanotubular morphology only in the presence of structural defects (see Figure; tube diameter: ∼ 18 nm).
Cancer heterogeneity and its biologic implications in the grading of urothelial carcinoma (2000)

Histologic grade of urothelial carcinoma based on the newly proposed WHO/ISUP grading system stratifies patients into prognostically significant groups. Grading should also take cancer heterogeneity into consideration, and prognostic accuracy appears to be increased when the combined primary and secondary grades are applied. [See editorial counterpoint on pages 1509-12 and reply to counterpoint on pages 1513-6, this issue.]
Determination of chiral ratio of o,p‐DDT and o,p‐DDD pesticides on polysaccharides chiral stationary phases by HPLC under reversed‐phase mode (2002)

A simple and reliable HPLC method for the chiral resolution of o,p-DDT and o,p-DDD is described. The enantiomeric resolution of o,p-DDT and o,p-DDD has been achieved on Chiralpak AD-R, Chiralcel OD-R, and Chiralcel OJ-R chiral stationary phases. The mobile phases used were acetonitrile-water (50:50 [v/v]) and acetonitrile-2-propanol (50:50 [v/v]) at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. For both pesticides detection was done at 220 nm. The values for o,p-DDT of alpha and R(s) varied from 1.24 to 2.52 and from 0.80 to 2.47, respectively. The values of alpha and R(s) for o,p-DDD were 1.26 and 0.60, respectively.
Using Seismic Moduli in Structural Design of Flexible Pavements (2004)

In many current procedures for structural design of pavements, an accurate determination of layer moduli is required. With the onset of the movement toward the 2002 Mechanistic Pavement Design, investigating the feasibility of supplanting the existing methods with more mechanistic approaches would be desirable. Nondestructive testing techniques are widely used to determine moduli of pavements, the critical strains and, thus, to estimate the remaining lives of pavement systems. A nondestructive testing device, the Seismic Pavement Analyzer (SPA), whose operating principle is based on generating and detecting seismic waves in a layered medium can be used for this purpose. Seismic methods provide fundamentally-correct linear-elastic moduli of different layers. To incorporate in pavement design and analysis, seismic moduli of different layers have to be adjusted to represent moduli at strain and stress levels that are close to those applied by truck traffic. To do so, the nonlinear and viscoelastic behaviors of different layers should be accurately determined. In this paper the process of using seismic data and laboratory tests to determine design modulus values and an attempt to validate this process are presented. Also included is a validation of the results based on FWD measurements.
Non-contact ultrasonic inspection of rails and signal processing for automatic defect detection and classification (2005)

Recent train accidents, associated direct and indirect costs,&#13;\nas well as safety concerns, have reaffirmed the need for&#13;\ndeveloping rail defect detection systems more effective than&#13;\nthose used today. One of the recent developments in rail&#13;\ninspection is the use of ultrasonic guided waves and noncontact&#13;\nprobe techniques to target transverse-type defects.&#13;\nA rail inspection prototype based on these concepts is under&#13;\ndevelopment at University of California at San Diego (UCSD.&#13;\nThis work reports on the feature extraction and automatic&#13;\npattern recognition algorithms that are being tested in the&#13;\nlaboratory and will be added to the prototype. The results&#13;\ndemonstrate the detection and sizing of transverse, surfacebreaking&#13;\ncracks that extend for less than 20% of the rail&#13;\nhead cross-sectional area.
The immunosuppressive effects of long-term combination chemotherapy in children with acute leukemia in remission. (1971)

Summary The immunosuppressive effects of maintenance combination chemotherapy given for periods ranging from 8 to 28 months to 20 children with acute lymphocytic leukemia in remission were investigated. There was depression of both the primary antibody production to the hemagglutinin antigen of the Hong Kong influenza virus and the anamnestic response to the neuraminidase of the same virus. The primary response (hemagglutination inhibition) was affected to a greater extent than the secondary (neuraminidase inhibition) response. A preferential depression of 2-mercaptoethanol-resistant hemagglutination inhibition antibodies (IgG) was also observed. One-fourth of all acute lymphocytic leukemia patients had low serum IgG levels. In vitro transformation of lymphocytes was a poor index of immunocompetence. After 2 years of continuous chemotherapy, children with low IgG and suppressed antibody production had normal response to phytohemagglutinin. This initial study on the immunocompetence of patients with leukemia undergoing long-term combination chemotherapy should provide a base line to establish correlations between immunological parameters and infectious complications.
Human Water and Electrolyte Balance (2012)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Summary Physiology of Water and Electrolyte Balance Consequences of Fluid Imbalance Illnesses and Disease Hydration Assessment Water and Electrolyte Needs Fluid Replacement Future Directions Acknowledgments
RNA-binding Protein Muscleblind-like 3 (MBNL3) Disrupts Myocyte Enhancer Factor 2 (Mef2) β-Exon Splicing (2010)

Mammalian MBNL (muscleblind-like) proteins are regulators of alternative splicing and have been implicated in myotonic dystrophy, the most common form of adult onset muscular dystrophy. MBNL3 functions as an inhibitor of muscle differentiation and is expressed in proliferating muscle precursor cells but not in differentiated skeletal muscle. Here we demonstrate that MBNL3 regulates the splicing pattern of the muscle transcription factor myocyte enhancer factor 2 (Mef2) by promoting exclusion of the alternatively spliced β-exon. Expression of the transcriptionally more active (+)β isoform of Mef2D was sufficient to overcome the inhibitory effects of MBNL3 on muscle differentiation. These data suggest that MBNL3 antagonizes muscle differentiation by disrupting Mef2 β-exon splicing. MBNL3 regulates Mef2D splicing by directly binding to intron 7 downstream of the alternatively spliced exon in the pre-mRNA. The RNA binding activity of MBNL3 requires the CX(7)CX(4-6)CX(3)H zinc finger domains. Using a cell culture model of myotonic dystrophy and myotonic dystrophy patient tissue, we have evidence that expression of CUG expanded RNAs can lead to an increase in MBNL3 expression and a decrease in Mef2D β-exon splicing. These studies suggest that elevating MBNL3 activity in myogenic cells could lead to muscle degeneration disorders such as myotonic dystrophy.
Radiative Ion–Ion Neutralization: A New Gas-Phase Atmospheric Pressure Ion Transduction Mechanism (2012)

All atmospheric pressure ion detectors, including photo ionization detectors, flame ionization detectors, electron capture detectors, and ion mobility spectrometers, utilize Faraday plate designs in which ionic charge is collected and amplified. The sensitivity of these Faraday plate ion detectors are limited by thermal (Johnson) noise in the associated electronics. Thus approximately 10(6) ions per second are required for a minimal detection. This is not the case for ion detection under vacuum conditions where secondary electron multipliers (SEMs) can be used. SEMs produce a cascade of approximately 10(6) electrons per ion impinging on the conversion dynode. Similarly, photomultiplier tubes (PMTs) can generate approximately 10(6) electrons per photon. Unlike SEMs, however, PMTs are evacuated and sealed so that they are commonly used under atmospheric pressure conditions. This paper describes an atmospheric pressure ion detector based on coupling a PMT with light emitted from ion-ion neutralization reactions. The normal Faraday plate collector electrode was replaced with an electrode "needle" used to concentrate the anions as they were drawn to the tip of the needle by a strong focusing electric field. Light was emitted near the surface of the electrode when analyte ions were neutralized with cations produced from the anode. Although radiative-ion-ion recombination has been previously reported, this is the first time ions from separate ionization sources have been combined to produce light. The light from this radiative-ion-ion-neutralization (RIIN) was detected using a photon multiplier such that an ion mobility spectrum was obtained by monitoring the light emitted from mobility separated ions. An IMS spectrum of nitroglycerin (NG) was obtained utilizing RIIN for tranducing the mobility separated ions into an analytical signal. The implications of this novel ion transduction method are the potential for counting ions at atmospheric pressure and for obtaining ion specific emission spectra for mobility separated ions.
A cross-correlation based signal detector with two-step down-converter robust to finite image rejection (2011)

A spectrum sensing technique based on cross correlation that can be applied to cognitive radios for detection of weak signals is described. It is known that by cross-correlating the outputs of two signal paths, which have independent noise and correlated signals, the sensitivity of the detector can be enhanced. An analog approach to cross-correlation is employed, which avoids the requirement for high dynamic range analog-to digital converters and digital FFT cores. Each signal path uses an integrated receiver to down-convert the desired portion of the spectrum to baseband for correlation. The use of two-step image reject down-converters is proposed to alleviate flicker noise and DC offset related degradation that arises in direct-conversion receivers. The impact of finite image rejection in the receivers is addressed and a solution based on offset local oscillator frequencies is proposed. The effectiveness of the approach is validated through simulation.