gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Privacy-Focused Blockchain Solution for Production Royalty Management (2021)

Abstract Oil and gas operators have a multitude of tasks to perform for smooth business operations. In addition to various engineering, technical, and operational decisions, there are back-office operations that should be efficient to keep business running smoothly, including production royalty management (PRM). The current system for PRM is extremely complex and costly, and involvesmultiple parties/contracts and often causes disputes. A blockchain-based solution allows the organizations to better navigate complex laws, courtrulings, and legal jargon that determine how billions of dollars are distributed every year. There are two aspects to PRM —royalties owed and royalties received—and the proposed solution caters to both operators and independent mineral owners. The operator should compile production and revenue data monthly and distribute it to all owners as per their individual lease. The expenses and marketing costs should be entered into the accounting system before revenue is distributed. Owners may be skeptical about data shared; therefore, the entire process can take up to two or more months. Furthermore, privacy is of utmost importance because theoperator can neither share data between owners nor disclose proprietary information. This paper proposes the entire royalty management system be hosted on a permissioned blockchain. Given their intrinsic nature of trustworthiness and transparent execution of transactions involving multiple parties, blockchain can streamline the royalty distribution process. The design and implementation of a smart contract for consent-driven and double-blind data sharingon a blockchain platform is presented. The system is designed for both inter- and intra-organizational transaction—a local peer interacts with an associated anchor peer within the globalnetwork. In addition to transparency and efficiency, this method provides important features ofprivacy and auditability while limiting ledger size. Further, peer identities are hiddenfrom each other while they collectively agree on transaction outcomes, and data will never be shared among the peers of the blockchain without explicit consent from the owners to ensure that the conflicting objectives of privacy and transparency are met. Blockchain is peer-to-peer decentralized digital ledger technology with promising potential. Even after all the recent innovations, the owner-relations department still operates using old methods. An innovative blockchain-based solution to reduce time and money spent on disbursing revenue for the operator and to increase the time value of information and trust in the system for the owner is presented.
WILD for learning: Interacting through new computing devices anytime, anywhere (2006)

We use the acronym WILD to refer to Wireless Interactive Learning Devices 1. WILD are powerful and small handheld 2 networked computing devices. The smallest handheld computers fit in one hand easily. The user interacts with the device either by touching the screen with a pen-shaped stylus, or
High-pressure Raman spectroscopy of solid oxygen (1996)

High-pressure Raman spectroscopy of solid oxygen has been carried out at room temperature up to 110 GPa in order to study the recently observed structural transition at 96 GPa. The vibron and lattice phonons in the $\ensuremath{\varepsilon}$-${\mathrm{O}}_{2}$ phase corresponding to the transition became undetectable, although the vibron wave number in the $\ensuremath{\varepsilon}$-${\mathrm{O}}_{2}$ phase has shown a linear pressure dependence with a coefficient of 2.33 ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$/GPa and reached 1753 ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ at 94 GPa. Several bands have been recently observed above 25 GPa, and three of them we assigned to higher-order bands.
Different Plant Species Have Common Sequence Features Related to mRNA Degradation Intermediates (2019)

mRNA degradation is an important cellular mechanism involved in the control of gene expression. Several genome-wide profiling methods have been developed for detecting mRNA degradation in plants and animals. However, because many of these techniques use poly (A) mRNA for library preparation, degradation intermediates are often only detected near the 3'-ends of transcripts. Previously, we developed the Truncated RNA End Sequencing (TREseq) method using Arabidopsis thaliana, and demonstrated that this method ameliorates 3'-end bias. In analyses using TREseq, we observed G-rich sequences near the 5'-ends of degradation intermediates. However, this finding remained to be confirmed in other plant species. Hence, in this study, we conducted TREseq analyses in Lactuca sativa (lettuce), Oryza sativa (rice) and Rosa hybrida (rose). These species including A. thaliana were selected to encompass a diverse range in the angiosperm phylogeny. The results revealed similar sequence features near the 5'-ends of degradation intermediates, and involvement of translation process in all four species. In addition, homologous genes have similar efficiencies of mRNA degradation in different plants, suggesting that similar mechanisms of mRNA degradation are conserved across plant species. These strong sequence features were not observed in previous degradome analyses among different species in plants.
Heat Transfer Measurements Using Multiple Thermochromic Liquid Crystals in Symmetric Cooling Channels (2021)

Abstract The transient thermochromic liquid crystal (TLC) method is applied to determine the distribution of the local heat transfer coefficients using a configuration with parallel cooling channels at an engine-relevant Reynolds number. The rectangular channels with a moderate aspect ratio and a high length-to-diameter ratio are equipped with one-sided oblique ribs with high blockage, which is a promising configuration for turbine near-wall cooling applications. In this arrangement, the three inner channels should experience same flow and thermal conditions. Numerical simulations are performed to substantiate this assumption. The symmetric single channels are sprayed with narrowband TLC with various indication temperatures. Multiple experiments were conducted. All start at ambient conditions before the fluid is heated up to several temperatures between 46 °C and 73 °C. The results show that the determined local heat transfer coefficients and therefore the Nusselt numbers vary significantly for the different experimental conditions especially at locations of high heat transfer coefficient behind the ribs. A simplified procedure with respect to measurement uncertainties is applied to enable an easy and fast valuation of the data quality. This might be used within the data reduction analysis for such experiments directly. The approach is illustrated using the obtained experimental data.
Equilibrium and spectroscopic studies of lead retention in smectite (1999)

Abstract Heavy metal pollution of soils and water is a serious environmental problem. Sorption onto solid surfaces from aqueous solutions is an important process influencing transport and accumulation of heavy metals in the environment. Lead (Pb) sorption in smectite SWy‐2 was investigated by equilibrium sorption studies, coupled with spectroscopic methods. The isotherm and pH‐edge of lead sorption in the smectite were measured in batch experiments. The sorption isotherms under uncontrolled pH were best‐fitted with the Langmuir equation, while those with a fixed pH 5.5 were best‐fitted with the Freundlich equation. The pH‐edge of lead sorption shifted to a higher pH as the Pb concentration increased. The ionic strength only affected Pb sorption in the low pH range. The effects of associated nitrate and perchlorate anions were significant only for the Pb sorption at high Pb concentration (>2 mM). FTIR and XRD spectroscopies were performed with oriented clay samples. In the infrared spectra, apeak with a maximum near 1398 cm‐1 and a shoulder centered near 1470 cm‐1 was significant for the samples treated with >1 mM Pb at pH >5.6. This peak may be composed of several IR bands, including an OH bending band from Pb hydroxides and CO3 2‐ stretching bands from Pb carbonates. The basal spacing of Pb‐treated smectites increased with increasing Pb content in the clay and correlated well with the intensity of OH bending band (around 1621 cm‐1) of adsorbed water. The increase of basal spacing at low pH (pH <3.3) was poorly correlated with the intensity of water OH bending band. The comprehensive studies provided many evidences for revealing the structure of various lead complexes on clay surfaces.
Efficient generation of cycle time-throughput curves through simulation and metamodeling (2005)

A cycle time-throughput (CT-TH) curve plays an important role in strategic planning for manufacturing systems. In this research, we seek to quantify the relationship of the moments and percentiles of cycle time to throughput rate via simulation experiments. The estimation of CT-TH moment curves is based on a nonlinear regression metamodel supported by queueing theory, and the adequacy of the model has been proved through our numerical experiments. Utilizing the estimated moment curves of cycle time, we proposed to estimate the CT-TH percentile curves in an indirect method assuming that the underlying distribution of cycle time is a generalized gamma, a highly flexible distribution. More specifically, we fit metamodels for the first three CT-TH moment curves throughout the throughput range of interest, determine the parameters of the generalized gamma by matching moments, and then obtain percentiles by inverting the distribution. To insure efficiency and control estimation error, simulation experiments are sequentially built up to optimize some design criterion.
Computational haptics: the sandpaper system for synthesizing texture for a force-feedback display (1995)

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Program in Media Arts & Sciences, 1995.
Treatment of persistent self-injurious behavior in rhesus monkeys through socialization: a preliminary report. (2003)

This paper is a retrospective report describing outcomes for six male rhesus monkeys, each with a history of persistent self-injurious behavior (SIB), after their social introduction to female rhesus monkeys. Pairing procedures for five of the six male primates were implemented after surgical vasectomy. One male had previous pairing experience with a female prior to vasectomy resulting in an unplanned pregnancy. This male was re-socialized with his former female partner after surgery. The SIB-related medical histories of the males before and after the pairings are presented. One goal for promoting pair-housing of chronic SIB male monkeys with female monkeys was to determine whether this intervention would function to reduce or eliminate the expression of SIB and thus provide enhanced socialization opportunities for previously singly housed animals.
GaN Vertical-Channel Junction Field-Effect Transistors With Regrown p-GaN by MOCVD (2020)

We report an experimental demonstration of GaN-based vertical-channel junction field-effect transistors (VC-JFETs). A p-GaN regrowth by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) and a subsequent self-planarization process were developed to fabricate the GaN VC-JFETs. Fin-like channel regions were patterned by electron beam lithography (EBL) and aligned to <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${m}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> -plane or <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${a}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> -plane. The electrical properties of lateral and vertical p-n junctions were characterized to verify the effectiveness of the p-GaN regrowth. Both VC-JFETs with <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${m}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> -plane and <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${a}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> -plane channels show decent gate modulation. We further discussed important factors that may affect the device performance including interfacial impurities and nonuniform acceptor distribution. This work highlights the successful demonstration of GaN VC-JFETs and lateral p-n junctions by an etch-then-regrow process, providing valuable information and reference for the further development of GaN power electronics.
From Structure To Disease: Differential CD3 Usage In The Human and Mouse γδ T Cell Antigen Receptor Determines The Impact Of CD3 Deficiencies On T Cell Development (2008)

T cells are classified as belonging to the αβ or γδ lineage depending on which clonotypic heterodimer is incorporated into their T cell antigen receptor (TCR). Associated with αβ or γδ chains are the ζ homodimer and CD3 heterodimers, which are responsible for transducing signals across the plasma membrane into the cytoplasm, where signaling cascades ensue. The TCR is required for signaling governing such processes as development, differentiation and activation. Loss of any CD3 component leads to a block in αβ T cell development, as the signaling required for successful passage through various checkpoints becomes impaired. In mice, the CD3 subunit requirements for assembly and function of the γδTCR are different from those of the αβTCR. Recently, we have determined that they also differ between mouse and man. In this chapter, we discuss αβ and γδTCR composition and function, the novel assay we developed to determine TCR stoichiometries, and how these discoveries lead to a better understanding of CD3 deficiency phenotypes.
Degradation azo dyes by environmental microorganisms and helminths (1993)

Abstract The degradation of azodyes by environmental microorganisms, fungi, and helminths is reviewed. Azo dyes are used in a wide variety of products and can be found in the effluent of most sewage treatment facilities. Substantial quantities of these dyes have been deposited in the environment, particularly in streams and rivers. Azo dyes were shown to affect microbial activities and microbial population sizes in the sediments and in the water columns of aquatic habitats. Only a few aerobic bacteria have been found to reduce azo dyes under aerobic conditions, and little is known about the process. A substantial number of anaerobic bacteria capable of azo dye reduction have been reported. The enzyme responsible for azo dye reduction has been partially purified, and characterization of the enzyme is proceeding. The nematode Ascans lumbncoides and the cestode Momezia expansa have been reported to reduce azo dyes anaerobically. Recently the fungus Phanerochaete chrysosporium was reported to mineralize azo dyes via a peroxidation-mediated pathway. A possible degradation pathway for the mineralization of azo dyes is proposed and future research needs are discussed.
Depletion of Alloreactive T-Cells by Anti-CD137-Saporin Immunotoxin (2014)

Depletion of alloreactive T-lymphocytes from allogeneic bone marrow transplants may prevent graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) without impairing donor cell engraftment, immunity, and the graft-versus-leukemia (GVL) effect. Alloreactive T-cells may be identified by their expression, upon activation, of CD137, a costimulatory receptor and putative surrogate marker for antigen-specific effector T-cells. In this context, we tested the use of anti-CD137-saporin immunotoxin to selectively deplete mouse and human alloreactive T-cells. Anti-CD137 antibodies were internalized by cells within 4 h of binding to the cell surface CD137, and anti-CD137-saporin immunotoxin effectively killed polyclonally activated T-cells or antigen-stimulated T-cells. Transfer of donor T-cells after allodepletion with anti-CD137-saporin immunotoxin failed to induce any evident expression of GVHD; however, a significant GVL effect was observed. Targeting of CD137 with an immunotoxin was also effective in killing polyclonally activated or alloreactive human T-cells. Our results indicate that anti-CD137-saporin immunotoxin may be used to deplete alloreactive T-cells prior to bone marrow transplantation and thereby prevent GVHD and the relapse of leukemia.
Participation of the Halogens in Photochemical Reactions in Natural and Treated Waters (2017)

Halide ions are ubiquitous in natural waters and wastewaters. Halogens play an important and complex role in environmental photochemical processes and in reactions taking place during photochemical water treatment. While inert to solar wavelengths, halides can be converted into radical and non-radical reactive halogen species (RHS) by sensitized photolysis and by reactions with secondary reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced through sunlight-initiated reactions in water and atmospheric aerosols, such as hydroxyl radical, ozone, and nitrate radical. In photochemical advanced oxidation processes for water treatment, RHS can be generated by UV photolysis and by reactions of halides with hydroxyl radicals, sulfate radicals, ozone, and other ROS. RHS are reactive toward organic compounds, and some reactions lead to incorporation of halogen into byproducts. Recent studies indicate that halides, or the RHS derived from them, affect the concentrations of photogenerated reactive oxygen species (ROS) and other reactive species; influence the photobleaching of dissolved natural organic matter (DOM); alter the rates and products of pollutant transformations; lead to covalent incorporation of halogen into small natural molecules, DOM, and pollutants; and give rise to certain halogen oxides of concern as water contaminants. The complex and colorful chemistry of halogen in waters will be summarized in detail and the implications of this chemistry for global biogeochemical cycling of halogen, contaminant fate in natural waters, and water purification technologies will be discussed.
On bipartization of cubic graphs by removal of an independent set (2014)

We study a new problem for cubic graphs: bipartization of a cubic graph $Q$ by deleting sufficiently large independent set $I$. It can be expressed as follows: \emph{Given a connected $n$-vertex tripartite cubic graph $Q=(V,E)$ with independence number $\alpha(Q)$, does $Q$ contain an independent set $I$ of size $k$ such that $Q-I$ is bipartite?} We are interested for which value of $k$ the answer to this question is affirmative. We prove constructively that if $\alpha(Q) \geq 4n/10$, then the answer is positive for each $k$ fulfilling $\lfloor (n-\alpha(Q))/2 \rfloor \leq k \leq \alpha(Q)$. It remains an open question if a similar construction is possible for cubic graphs with $\alpha(Q)<4n/10$. Next, we show that this problem with $\alpha(Q)\geq 4n/10$ and $k$ fulfilling inequalities $\lfloor n/3 \rfloor \leq k \leq \alpha(Q)$ can be related to semi-equitable graph 3-coloring, where one color class is of size $k$, and the subgraph induced by the remaining vertices is equitably 2-colored. This means that $Q$ has a coloring of type $(k, \lceil(n-k)/2\rceil, \lfloor (n-k)/2 \rfloor)$.
Ceftriaxone, an FDA-approved cephalosporin antibiotic, suppresses lung cancer growth by targeting Aurora B (2012)

Ceftriaxone, an FDA-approved third-generation cephalosporin antibiotic, has antimicrobial activity against both gram-positive and gram-negative organisms. Generally, ceftriaxone is used for a variety of infections such as community-acquired pneumonia, meningitis and gonorrhea. Its primary molecular targets are the penicillin-binding proteins. However, other activities of ceftriaxone remain unknown. Herein, we report for the first time that ceftriaxone has antitumor activity in vitro and in vivo. Kinase profiling results predicted that Aurora B might be a potential 'off' target of ceftriaxone. Pull-down assay data confirmed that ceftriaxone could bind with Aurora B in vitro and in A549 cells. Furthermore, ceftriaxone (500 µM) suppressed anchorage-independent cell growth by targeting Aurora B in A549, H520 and H1650 lung cancer cells. Importantly, in vivo xenograft animal model results showed that ceftriaxone effectively suppressed A549 and H520 lung tumor growth by inhibiting Aurora B. These data suggest the anticancer efficacy of ceftriaxone for the treatment of lung cancers through its inhibition of Aurora B.
Overview of the Bacterial Pathogens (2014)

This chapter summarizes the most important findings on bacterial virulence factors and mechanisms of infection. Gastric infection by the gram-negative bacterium Helicobacter pylori is associated with a number of clinical outcomes including gastritis, peptic ulcer disease, mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma, and adenocarcinoma of the stomach. A number of gram-negative pathogenic bacteria have evolved specialized systems for the delivery of virulence factors directly into the host cytosol. One such system is the type III secretion system, in which bacterial proteins lacking a typical signal sequence are secreted directly from the bacteria into the cytosol of infected cells. Recent studies of the role of the locus for enterocyte effacement (LEE)-encoded secreted proteins in enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) pathogenesis have demonstrated the potential involvement of EspA, EspB, and EspD as structural components of the secretion apparatus. The invasion plasmid antigens (Ipa proteins) orchestrate the cytoskeletal rearrangements necessary for bacterial entry. These proteins also direct many of the other virulence properties of Shigella flexneri, including escape from the phagocytic vacuole and induction of apoptosis of macrophages and resulting inflammation. Apoptosis is normally viewed as an immunologically silent cell death process unaccompanied by inflammation. However, this is clearly not the case for the caspase-1-dependent apoptosis induced by S. flexneri. Obligate intracellular bacterial pathogens like Chlamydia, Rickettsia, and Coxiella species are less well characterized than facultative intracellular pathogens. Finally, the chapter discusses recent progress in understanding the cell biology of Chlamydia infections.
PKM2 is not required for colon cancer initiated by APC loss (2017)

PKM2 is not required for <i>Apc</i>-deficient colon cancer or for nuclear translocation of β-catenin in <i>Apc</i>-null tumor cells. These findings suggest that PKM2 expression is not required for colon tumor formation or progression.