gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Novel Hydrogel-Forming Microneedle Array for Intradermal Vaccination in Mice Using Ovalbumin as a Model Protein Antigen (2018)

Global vaccination strategies have traditionally relied on the hypodermic needle and syringe model. However, to facilitate increased immunization coverage and reduce costs, novel methods of vaccine delivery are warranted. Dissolving microneedle arrays (MNs) have been proposed as an alternative approach to the hypodermic needle, offering the prospect for self-vaccination and increased immunogenicity via direct targeting of skin dendritic cells. This study, for the first time, compares the use of novel hydrogel-forming MNs and dissolving MNs for the delivery of a model protein antigen ovalbumin (OVA). We provide comparative data on both MN types in terms of in vitro characteristics and in vivo immunogenicity. Herein, both MN platforms were tested and characterized in terms of mechanical integrity and insertion properties using a validated skin insertion model. A comparative in vivo vaccination study in BALB/c mice was conducted, whereby anti-OVA specific IgG was used as a measure of delivery efficacy and subsequent immune response. While vaccination of mice with both MN platforms resulted in IgG responses, those vaccinated with dissolving MNs had significantly higher IgG titers ( p < 0.0149), despite the quantity of OVA delivered being significantly less. This study highlights the importance of MN design and the potential impact of dissolving MN polymers on the immune response to vaccine antigens. Furthermore, detailed studies are therefore required to elucidate the effects of polymer-vaccine interactions and their subsequent effect on immune responses.
Arachidonoyl amino acids and arachidonoyl peptides: Synthesis and properties (2006)

N-Arachidonoyl (AA) derivatives of amino acids (glycine, phenylalanine, proline, valine, gamma-amino butyric acid (GABA), dihydroxyphenylalanine, tyrosine, tryptophan, and alanine) and peptides (Semax, MEHFPGP, and PGP) were synthesized in order to study the biological properties of acylamino acids. The mass spectra of all the compounds at atmospheric pressure electrospray ionization display the most intense peaks of protonated molecular ions; the detection limits for these compounds are 10 fmol per sample. AA-Gly showed the highest inhibitory activity toward fatty acid amide hydrolase from rat brain (IC50 6.5 microM) among all the acylamino acids studied. AA-Phe, AA-Tyr, and AA-GABA exhibited a weak but detectable inhibitory effect (IC50 55, 60, and 50 microM, respectively). The acylated amino acids themselves, except for AA-Gly, were stable to the hydrolysis by this enzyme. All the arachidonoylamino acids inhibited cabbage phospholipase D to various degrees; AA-GABA and AA-Phe proved to be the most active (IC50 20 and 27 microM, respectively). Attempts to detect the biosynthesis of AA-Tyr in homogenates of rat liver and nerve tissue showed no formation in vitro of either this acylamino acid or AA-dopamine and AA-Phe, the products of its metabolism. The highest contents of these metabolites were detected in liver homogenate and in the brain homogenate, respectively. Acylamino acids exert no cytotoxic effect toward the glioma C6 cells. It was shown that N-acylation of Semax with arachidonic acid results in enhancement of its hydrolytic stability and increases its affinity for the sites of specific binding in rat cerebellum membranes. The English version of the paper: Russian Journal of Bioorganic Chemistry, 2006, vol. 32, no. 3; see also http://www.maik.ru.
International Pediatric Multidisciplinary Management Using Telemedicine to Promote Equitable Care (2022)

<b><i>Objective:</i></b> To evaluate the use of telemedicine as a collaboration tool between a pediatrician and subspecialists looking to address challenges, such as the lack of health care specialists, which are present in the Dominican Republic. <b><i>Study design:</i></b> During this 6-year study, 65 patients were evaluated by a medical team consisting of a local pediatrician and 17 subspecialists from a leading academic medical center in the Unites States. Patient's age ranged from 2 months to 16 years of age (mean 8 years old). The most common reasons for referral were masses or malignancies, vascular malformations, urogenital anomalies, stuttering, and cochlear implant programming. <b><i>Results:</i></b> A total of 39 out of 65 cases (60%) carried an initial diagnosis. Of the 65 cases, a change in medical management occurred in 92.31% of cases (60 cases). There was no change in medical diagnosis or treatment in 5 of 65 cases (8%). <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> This protocol exhibited high patient satisfaction with the technology and platform and direct patient savings from transportation costs. It also demonstrated the importance of thorough diagnosis in providing appropriate treatment and solutions. Telemedicine use in comparable practices should be studied further to aid in the development of policies for the diagnosis and management of chronic illnesses that require referrals to subspecialists.
Landing in Carbonates - Challenges and Experiences in Brazil (2013)

Planning the most efficient trajectory in horizontal section requires landing the well at the right inclination and location with respect to the reservoir structure. In heterogeneous and faulted carbonate reservoir, landing is significantly improved with the use of a Deep Directional Resistivity mapping LWD tool. Examples from landing in offshore Brazil successfully demonstrate the value of such a measurement to improve the correlation while drilling of key formation markets with respect to seismic features and to delineate and detect intrinsic bedding previously unknown from the seismic data. Deeper depth of investigation provide a significant improvement in the landing process in carbonate environments by reducing the seismic uncertainty and understanding the reservoir structure better and on a larger scale while at the same time offers the opportunity to avoid drilling a costly pilot well.
Broad wavelength tunability in gain-levered quantum well semiconductor lasers (1990)

Using a gain lever effect in a single quantum well laser, it was observed that the wavelength can be electronically tuned over a range of 90 Å. Optimal device geometry that leads to a maximum tuning range was investigated.
Working together for health: NSDA's (Nova Scotia Dietetic Association) submission to the Blueprint Committee on Health System Reform. (1995)

The Nova Scotia Dietetic Association (NSDA) submitted seven position papers in response to a call for submissions for the Nova Scotia Government's Blueprint Committee on health system reform. The purpose of the submission was to delineate the preferred roles of dietitians/nutritionists in the reformed provincial health system. The position papers addressed the following health issues: primary health care, public health, long-term care, institutional/tertiary care, home care/home based services, health human resources, and healthy public policy. Each position paper included sections on the proposed nutrition planning structure, existing and proposed nutrition delivery structures, and expected outcomes of the proposed nutrition delivery structure. A number of actions associated with NSDA's position papers on health system reform are presented. Meanwhile, members of NSDA are continuing to work for health system reform in a proactive manner.
Conceptual Modeling of an Adaptive Torsion Wing Structure (2011)

This paper presents the conceptual analysis of a novel Active Aeroelastic Structure (AAS) device, which allows tailored twist deformations of wing structures to be achieved. The Adaptive Torsion Wing (ATW) concept is a thin-walled closed section two-spar wing-box whose torsional stiffness can be adjusted by changing the area enclosed between the front and rear spar webs. This is done by translating the spar webs in the chord-wise direction inward and towards each other using internal actuators. As the webs move closer to each other, the torsional stiffness of the structure reduces, while its bending stiffness in the span-wise direction is unaffected. The reduction in torsional stiffness allows external aerodynamic loads to induce twist on the structure and to maintain its deformed shape. These twist deformations can be controlled by changing the relative position of the webs as a function of the flight conditions to obtain an optimal or targeted level of performance. A Quasistatic Aeroelastic Suite has been developed in MATLAB TM to model the ATW concept and to study its behavior with respect to different web shifting strategies. Finally, the variation of structural figures of merit such as torsion constant, tip twist, shear centre position, and minimum actuation energy are evaluated and discussed.
ChemInform Abstract: REGIOSPECIFIC TOTAL SYNTHESIS OF 6‐DEOXYANTHRACYCLINES: 4‐DEMETHOXY‐6‐DEOXYDAUNORUBICIN (1983)

Abstract Aus dem Dicarbonsäuremönoester (Ia) erhält man über (Ib) und (l c) das Dithioketal (II), das mit der aus (III) zugänglichen Li‐Verbindung (IV) zu (V) kondensiert wird.
Double boosting pump, hybrid current sense amplifier, and binary weighted temperature sensor adjustment schemes for 1.8V 128Mb mobile DRAMs (2003)

A 1.8V 128Mb SDRAM is implemented for low current mobile applications with a 0.15/spl mu/m technology. The double boosting pump and hybrid current sense amplifier schemes are optimized for the low voltage regime with high pumping efficiency and stable I-to-V gain, respectively. A temperature sensor together with the binary weighted adjustment technique allow a very accurate implementation without loss in productivity.
Panorama da rede de assistência oncológica brasileira sob a perspectiva do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS) e do privado (2018)

Objetivos: Apresentar um panorama da rede de assistência oncológica brasileira sob a perspectiva do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS) e do Sistema Suplementar. Métodos: Revisão de toda base de dados de registro dos estabelecimentos de saúde brasileiros (Cadastro Nacional dos Estabelecimentos de Saúde – CNES / DATASUS) referente a setembro de 2015. Foram utilizadas bases de dados de cadastro dos estabelecimentos, de habilitações em oncologia (CACON – Centro de assistência de alta complexidade em oncologia, e UNACON – Unidade de assistência de alta complexidade em oncologia), e de profissionais que neles possuem vínculos. Essa fonte de informação tem como objetivo cadastrar todos os estabelecimentos de saúde: públicos, conveniados e privados, seja pessoa física ou jurídica, que realizam qualquer tipo de serviço de atenção à saúde no âmbito do território nacional. Resultados: O Brasil possui 2.404 centros de assistência oncológica com 5.945 oncologistas. 11% dos centros (273) e 75% dos médicos (4.488) estão no SUS, média de 16 oncologistas por centro e 1,2 oncologista para cada 10.000 habitantes dependentes exclusivamente do SUS, na faixa de 46 a 80 anos. 83% são hospitais gerais (226) e 17% hospitais especializados (47), sendo 66% privados (180) - 161 filantrópicos e 19 lucrativos. Dentre os 93 hospitais públicos, 47 possuem gestão estadual, 32 federal e 14 municipal. No Sistema Suplementar são 2.131 centros de oncologia e 3.364 oncologistas, média de 2 oncologistas por centro, e 2,4 oncologistas para cada 10.000 habitantes com planos de saúde, na faixa de 46 a 80 anos . Aproximadamente 2.000 oncologistas atendem no SUS e no Sistema Suplementar. 31% são clínicas e ambulatórios especializados, 25% hospital geral, 25% consultórios e 19% outros 21 tipos de estabelecimentos, sendo 88% privado (1.881) – 1.575 lucrativos e 306 filantrópicos. Dentre os 250 públicos, 161 possuem gestão municipal, 67 estadual e 22 federal. Conclusão: O Brasil possui importante rede de atendimento em oncologia, e enquanto uma estrutura menor para o SUS que atende a maior parte da população (200 milhões), uma estrutura maior para o setor privado, atende a menor parcela da população que possui planos de saúde. Vale ressaltara ainda que a estrutura de rede da assistência oncológica no sistema público e privado possui padrões bem distintos de organização, porém com a convergência dos profissionais. A partir disso, é importante nesse momento ampliar a discussão sobre o SUS espera das políticas da saúde suplementar.&#x0D;
Mesenchymal Stem Cell-derived Extracellular Vesicles Prevent Experimental Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia Complicated By Pulmonary Hypertension (2022)

Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) extracellular vesicles (EVs) have beneficial effects in preclinical bronchopulmonary dysplasia and pulmonary hypertension (BPD-PH) models. The optimal source, dosing, route, and duration of effects are however unknown. The objectives of this study were to (a) compare the efficacy of GMP-grade EVs obtained from Wharton's Jelly MSCs (WJ-MSCs) and bone marrow (BM-MSCs), (b) determine the optimal dosing and route of administration, (c) evaluate its long-term effects, and (d) determine how MSC EVs alter the lung transcriptome. Newborn rats exposed to normoxia or hyperoxia (85% O2) from postnatal day (P)1-P14 were given (a) intra-tracheal (IT) BM or WJ-MSC EVs or placebo, (b) varying doses of IT WJ-MSC EVs, or (c) IT or intravenous (IV) WJ-MSC EVs on P3. Rats were evaluated at P14 or 3 months. Early administration of IT BM-MSC or WJ-MSC EVs had similar beneficial effects on lung structure and PH in hyperoxia-exposed rats. WJ-MSC EVs however had superior effects on cardiac remodeling. Low, medium, and high dose WJ-MSC EVs had similar cardiopulmonary regenerative effects. IT and IV WJ-MSC EVs similarly improved vascular density and reduced PH in hyperoxic rats. Gene-set enrichment analysis of transcripts differentially expressed in WJ-MSC EV-treated rats showed that induced transcripts were associated with angiogenesis. Long-term studies demonstrated that a single early MSC EV dose has pulmonary vascular protective effects 3 months after administration. Together, our findings have significant translational implications as it provides critical insight into the optimal source, dosing, route, mechanisms of action, and duration of effects of MSC-EVs for BPD-PH.
AFM-studies of interparticle forces (2007)

To further elucidate the changes in interparticle forces caused by polymers in ceramic slurries an aqueous barium titanate system was investigated using an atomic force microscope (AFM). Spherical barium titanate particles were sintered and then glued to an AFM-cantilever. A polished and cleaned barium titanate sintered body surface was used for the opposite site. Surfaceforce vs. distance curves were measured in situ in aqueous media. The measurements show a change in surface force vs. distance curves depending on the type of polymer adsorbed on the surface from the solution. A comparison of blockcopolymers with poly electrolytes gives that the colloidal interactions of the adsorbed block-copolymers are almost independent of pH whereas the interactions for the homopolymer are strongly influenced.
Il-6 Linkage To Exercise-induced Shifts In Lipid-related Metabolites (2017)

IL-6 and lipolysis have been linked in cell culture and IL-6 infusion studies, but this has not yet been tested using metabolomics-based procedures that allow the simultaneous evaluation of a high number of metabolites from the lipid super pathway following intensive exercise. PURPOSE: Metabolomic profiling and bioinformatic technologies were used to determine the relationship between exercise-induced increases in IL-6 and lipid-related metabolites. METHODS: Male runners (N=24, age 36.5±1.8 y) ran on treadmills to exhaustion (2.26±0.01 h, 24.9±1.3 km, 69.7±1.9% VO2max), with vastus lateralis muscle biopsy and blood samples collected before and after the running bout. RESULTS: The runners experienced a 33.7±4.2% decrease in muscle glycogen, 39.0±8.8-, 2.4±0.3-, and 1.4±0.1-fold increases in plasma IL-6, IL-8, and MCP-1, respectively, and 95.0±18.9% and 158±20.6% increases in cortisol and epinephrine, respectively (all, P < 0.001). The metabolomics analysis revealed changes in 209 plasma metabolites, especially long- and medium-chain fatty acids, fatty acid oxidation products (dicarboxylate and monohydroxy fatty acids, acylcarnitines), and ketone bodies. OPLS-DA modeling supported a strong separation in pre- and post-exercise samples (R2Y=0.964, Q2Y=0.902). OPLSR analysis failed to produce a viable model for the relationship between IL-6 and all lipid-related metabolites (R2Y = 0.76, Q2Y = - 0.0748), but did reveal a relationship between changes in serum cortisol and lipid-related metabolites (R2Y=1, Q2Y=0.434). Multiple structure equation models were evaluated based on IL-6, with the best fit pathway model showing a linkage of exercise time to IL-6, then carnitine, and 13-methylmyristic acid (a marker for adipose tissue lipolysis) and sebacate. CONCLUSION: This metabolomics-based analysis showed that the substantial increase in lipid metabolites after prolonged and intensive running was related more to changes in cortisol than increases in IL-6 and epinephrine, or muscle glycogen depletion. Taken together, the metabolomics-based data from this study do not support a strong relationship between the modest increase in IL-6 and the large increase in numerous lipid-related metabolites following prolonged and intensive running. Funding: Reoxcyn Discoveries Group, Salt Lake City, UT
Topical treatment of psoriasis (2010)

Topical therapies used appropriately provide a safe and effective option for the management of psoriasis. An awareness of the available products and their efficacy is key to treatment selection and patient satisfaction.
Personalized ranking for digital libraries based on log analysis (2008)

Given the exponential increase of indexable context on the Web, ranking is an increasingly difficult problem in information retrieval systems. Recent research shows that implicit feedback regarding user preferences can be extracted from web access logs in order to increase ranking performance. We analyze the implicit user feedback from access logs in the CiteSeer academic search engine and show how site structure can better inform the analysis of clickthrough feedback providing accurate personalized ranking services tailored to individual information retrieval systems. Experiment and analysis shows that our proposed method is more accurate on predicting user preferences than any non-personalized ranking methods when user preferences are stable over time. We compare our method with several non-personalized ranking methods including ranking SVMlight as well as several ranking functions specific to the academic document domain. The results show that our ranking algorithm can reach 63.59% accuracy in comparison to 50.02% for ranking SVMlight and below 43% for all other single feature ranking methods. We also show how the derived personalized ranking vectors can be employed for other ranking-related purposes such as recommendation systems.
Morality in the mundane: Categorizing moral reasoning in real-life social situations (2023)

Moral reasoning reflects how people acquire and apply moral rules in particular situations. With increasingly social interactions happening online, social media data provides an unprecedented opportunity to assess in-the-wild moral reasoning. We investigate the commonsense aspects of morality in ordinary matters empirically. To this end, we examine data from a Reddit subcommunity (i.e., a subreddit) where an author may describe their behavior in a situation to seek comments about whether that behavior was appropriate. Other users comment to provide judgments and reasoning. We focus on the novel problem of understanding the moral reasoning implicit in user comments about the propriety of an author's behavior. Especially, we explore associations between the common elements of the indicated reasoning and the extractable social factors. Our results suggest the reasoning depends on the author's gender and the topic of a post, such as when expressing anger emotion and using sensible words (e.g., f-ck, hell, and damn) in work-related situations. Moreover, we find that the commonly expressed semantics also depends on commenters' interests.
Chlorination of Olefins in Reactive Solvents with t-Butyl Hypochlorite1 (1941)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTChlorination of Olefins in Reactive Solvents with t-Butyl Hypochlorite1Carl F. Irwin and G. F. HennionCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1941, 63, 3, 858–860Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1941Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1941https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01848a063https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01848a063research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views178Altmetric-Citations26LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Dynamics of the NbCl5‐Catalyzed Cycloaddition of Propylene Oxide and CO2: Assessing the Dual Role of the Nucleophilic Co‐Catalysts (2014)

A mechanistic study on the synthesis of propylene carbonate (PC) from CO2 and propylene oxide (PO) catalyzed by NbCl5 and organic nucleophiles such as 4-dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP) or tetra-n-butylammonium bromide (NBu4 Br) is reported. A combination of in situ spectroscopic techniques and kinetic studies has been used to provide detailed insight into the reaction mechanism, the formation of intermediates, and interactions between the reaction partners. The results of DFT calculations support the experimental observations and allow us to propose a mechanism for this reaction.
Converting Enzyme Activity in Human Plasma (1971)

Human plasma converting enzyme activity was investigated by comparing biological with immunological activity of added or generated angiotensin after plasma incubation. Sodium citrate (2 x 10 -2 M ), 2:2'-dipyridyl (1 x 10 -4 and 1 x 10 -2 M ), chromotropic acid (3 x 10 -2 and 3 x 10 -3 M ) and desferrioxamine (10 and 100 mg/100 ml) did not interfere with converting enzyme. By contrast, EDTA (3 x 10 -3 M and 3 x 10 -2 M ), EGTA (3 x 10 -2 M ), 8-quinolinol (1 x 10 -2 M ), and oxalic acid (3 x 10 -2 M ) were shown to interfere with plasma converting enzyme activity. The EDTA inhibition of converting enzyme activity could be partially reversed by molar excess amounts of calcium, zinc and cobalt. The ability of these ions to restore converting enzyme activity to the plasma was quantitatively variable. Inhibition of converting enzyme activity by EDTA could not be reversed by the addition of iron, copper or manganese to the samples.