gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A GIS-based approach for estimating community transportation exposure and capacity in the context of disaster resilience (2022)

Transportation is a critical sector for communities. It is, however, particularly vulnerable to climate change, and a disruption in its infrastructure impacts the whole community. Enhancing the resilience of transportation infrastructure is vital for reliable and sustainable functionalities, and subsequently, to more resilient communities. There are indices and frameworks that assess and evaluate transportation resilience and performance, ranging from component-based, to network and system metrics. The existing approaches, however, usually overlook location and capacity of critical transportation components. These two characteristics possess significant effects on the resilience and performance of the transportation sector. Moreover, the stress type and its magnitude should be incorporated in the resilience assessment. In this work, we leverage a recent resilience quantification framework to compute the Exposure and Capacity-based Transportation Resilience Index (EC-TRI), describing the resilience of the transportation infrastructure, focusing on the location and capacity of certain assets. We argue for the adoption of this index as a complement to existing frameworks, and we develop a web-based GIS framework to evaluate EC-TRI for communities within New Jersey (NJ). The novelty of EC-TRI lies in its consideration for the stress level, the exposure and capacity characteristics of transportation assets, as well as in its practicality and scalability. Users can leverage EC-TRI to locate the weak and vulnerable components within the transportation network, and to provide a community-based assessment of the resilience level of the transportation infrastructure. In addition, we provide EC-TRI as a highly scalable GIS framework, providing users with the ability to adjust the quantification components as per local needs and priorities.
Etiology and outcome for 295 patients with acute liver failure in the united states (1999)

Little information is available on acute liver failure (ALF) in the United States. We gathered demographic data retrospectively for a 2-year period from July 1994 to June 1996 on all cases of ALF from 13 hospitals (12 liver transplant centers). Data on the patients included age, hepatic coma grade on admission, presumed cause, transplantation, and outcome. Among 295 patients, 74 (25%) survived spontaneously, 121 (41%) underwent transplantation, and 99 (34%) died without undergoing transplantation. Ninety-two of 121 patients (76%) survived 1 year after transplantation. Acetaminophen overdose was the most frequent cause (60 patients; 20%), followed by cryptogenic/non A non B non C (NANBNC; 15%), idiosyncratic drug reactions (12%), hepatitis B (10%), and hepatitis A (7%). Spontaneous survival rates were highest for patients with acetaminophen overdose (57%) and hepatitis A (40%) and lowest for those with Wilson's disease (no survivors of 18 patients). The transplantation rate was highest for Wilson's disease (17 of 18 patients; 94%) and lowest for autoimmune hepatitis (29%) and acetaminophen overdose (12%). Age did not differ between survivors and nonsurvivors, perhaps reflecting a selection bias for patients transferred to liver transplant centers. Coma grade on admission was not a significant determinant of outcome, but showed a trend toward affecting both survival and transplantation rate. These findings on retrospectively studied patients from the United States differ from those previously gathered in the United Kingdom and France, highlighting the need for further study of trends in each country.
Differences in Complement-mediated Killing of Entamoeba histolytica Between Men and Women—An Explanation for the Increased Susceptibility of Men to Invasive Amebiasis? (2008)

Men are more than 7 times more likely to develop amebic liver abscess or amebic dysentery caused by Entamoeba histolytica than women. Because the complement system could play a key role in controlling amebiasis, we determined whether serum from men and women differ in the ability to kill amebic trophozoites. We found that serum from women was significantly more effective in killing E. histolytica trophozoites than serum from men, and this killing was complement dependent. Our results provide a possible explanation for the differential susceptibility of men and women to amebic liver abscess and amebic colitis.
101 A CTS Team Approach to Wastewater-Based Epidemiology of Non-Typhoidal Salmonella in Gainesville, FL (2022)

OBJECTIVES/GOALS: The goal of this project is to apply wastewater-based epidemiology to determine the trends of NTS through analysis of influent wastewater, and to isolate and identify circulating serotypes among samples that are representative of the human population in Gainesville, FL. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: This study is being conducted in Gainesville, FL, a suburban city in North Central Florida with approximately 133,997 residents served by two wastewater reclamation facilities (WRF). Fifty-three weekly influent composite wastewater samples were collected between September 2020 and September 2021 from each WRF. Wastewater samples were processed using an adsorption-based sample concentration method and invA genetic target for NTS DNA detection and quantification via qPCR. The quantified NTS DNA wastewater concentration from each WRF was summed to determine the overall concentration. Bacterial isolation was conducted on stored wastewater of qPCR positive samples using EPA method 1682. Recovered isolate serotypes were identified through whole-genome sequence analysis. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: Overall, NTS was positive in Gainesville wastewater in 48/53 weeks between September 2020 – September 2021. 83/106 (78%) samples tested positive for NTS from both WRFs. The mean wastewater concentration from each WRF was 3.53 (Main St.) and 3.31 Log10 invA Genetic Copies/L. The overall mean city concentration was 6.85 Log10 invA Genetic Copies/L. There were sustained periods of NTS in the wastewater during the months of December-February and May-August. There was no observed seasonal trend in NTS wastewater concentrations over the study period. Culture-based methods will provide a comprehensive review of circulating serotypes that are responsible for both clinical and subclinical infections within the community. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE: Florida has an incidence of NTS twice the national average. Clinical surveillance is the current standard for community surveillance of NTS. Only 28% of NTS cases are identified in a clinical setting, leaving a major gap in community surveillance. This project has helped fill this gap and provided a comprehensive community-level assessment of NTS.
Autism (1997)

Few disorders seem more confusing than autism. Common stereotypes — of a severely withdrawn, mute child with ceaselessly repetitive activities and an averted gaze or a freakish-looking, inept, mathematical prodigy — do not accurately reflect the broad spectrum of autism. Far from being emotionally ill but otherwise normal, persons with autism are now considered to have one of a group of developmental disorders of brain function that have such a broad range of behavioral consequences and severity that they are referred to, collectively, as pervasive developmental disorder (often called PDD) in the fourth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual . . .
1.08-2.2-/spl mu/m supercontinuum generation from Yb/sup 3+/-doped fiber laser (1996)

Summary form only given. High-brightness supercontinuum sources are of interest for many applications in laser technology. Superfluorescence generation or wavelength conversion, e.g. parametric mixing and/or Raman scattering, are generally used in broadband sources. In the present paper, we report a novel passively Q-switched ytterbium-doped fiber laser generating a supercontinuum Raman spectrum.
Reducing slurry agglomeration with low shear filtration (2014)

This study will focus on the agglomerate behavior of major abrasives (colloidal silica and ceria) and show the benefits of proper filter selection for slurry quality control.
Recovery of Elemental Tellurium Nanoparticles by the Reduction of Tellurium Oxyanions in a Methanogenic Microbial Consortium (2016)

This research focuses on the microbial recovery of elemental tellurium (Te(0)) from aqueous streams containing soluble tellurium oxyanions, tellurate (Te(VI)), and tellurite (Te(IV)). An anaerobic mixed microbial culture occurring in methanogenic granular sludge was able to biocatalyze the reduction of both Te oxyanions to produce Te(0) nanoparticles (NPs) in sulfur-free medium. Te(IV) reduction was seven times faster than that of Te(VI), such that Te(IV) did not accumulate to a great extent during Te(VI) reduction. Endogenous substrates in the granular sludge provided the electron equivalents required to reduce Te oxyanions; however, the reduction rates were modestly increased with an exogenous electron donor such as H2. The effect of four redox mediators (anthraquinone-2,6-disulfonate, hydroxocobalamin, riboflavin, and lawsone) was also tested. Riboflavin increased the rate of Te(IV) reduction eleven-fold and also enhanced the fraction Te recovered as extracellular Te(0) NPs from 21% to 64%. Lawsone increased the rate of Te(VI) reduction five-fold, and the fraction of Te recovered as extracellular material increased from 49% to 83%. The redox mediators and electron donors also impacted the morphologies and localization of Te(0) NPs, suggesting that NP production can be tailored for a particular application.
Concise Total Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Pargamicin A and its Diastereomer, Piperazic Acid‐containing Cyclopeptides (2023)

We have accomplished the total synthesis, structure determination, and biological evaluation of pargamicin A and one of its diastereomers. Two key tripeptide segments were synthesized using a linear peptide elongation process that includes the direct coupling of a poorly nucleophilic piperazic acid derivative. The resulting tripeptides were coupled using triphosgene/collidine at ambient temperature leading to a precursor for the final cyclization step. T3P-promoted macrolactamization under high-dilution conditions, followed by the removal of the benzyl protecting group was used to furnish two putative structures of pargamicin A. Comparison of the <sup>1</sup> H and <sup>13</sup> C NMR spectra and the antibacterial activity of the natural and synthetic products successfully revealed that the absolute configuration of the N-hydroxy-Ile residue of pargamicin A is 2S,3S. A biological evaluation of synthetically obtained pargamicin A and its diastereomer suggested that the stereostructure of the cyclic peptide scaffold of the natural product plays a crucial role in determining the strength of its antibacterial activity.
Quantitative Control of Gene-Engineered T-Cell Activity through the Covalent Attachment of Targeting Ligands to a Universal Immune Receptor (2020)

Universal immune receptors represent a rapidly emerging form of adoptive T-cell therapy with the potential to overcome safety and antigen escape challenges faced by conventional chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy. By decoupling antigen recognition and T-cell signaling domains via bifunctional antigen-specific targeting ligands, universal immune receptors can regulate T-cell effector function and target multiple antigens with a single receptor. Here, we describe the development of the SpyCatcher immune receptor, the first universal immune receptor that allows for the post-translational covalent attachment of targeting ligands at the T-cell surface through the application of SpyCatcher-SpyTag chemistry. The SpyCatcher immune receptor redirected primary human T cells against a variety of tumor antigens via the addition of SpyTag-labeled targeting ligands, both in vitro and in vivo. SpyCatcher T-cell activity relied upon the presence of both target antigen and SpyTag-labeled targeting ligand, allowing for dose-dependent control of function. The mutational disruption of covalent bond formation between the receptor and the targeting ligand still permitted redirected T-cell function but significantly compromised antitumor function. Thus, the SpyCatcher immune receptor allows for rapid antigen-specific receptor assembly, multiantigen targeting, and controllable T-cell activity.
Generalized observability analysis and measurement classification (1997)

Network observability analysis is formulated in a way to incorporate the conventional as well as unconventional measurements, including line currents. This formulation has two essential advantages over the existing methods of network observability analysis: (1) it detects not only unobservability but also uniqueness of the observed state, and (2) it can directly identify the unobservable or nonuniquely observable branches without having to remove the irrelevant injections in an iterative manner. In addition, unlike the numerical observability analysis methods proposed so far, it can readily identify residual spread components and critical measurements. The proposed formulation is implemented and tested on sample power systems.
Highly Enantioselective sec-Alkyl Sulfatase Activity of Sulfolobus acidocaldarius DSM 639 (2004)

[reaction: see text] rac-sec-Alkyl sulfate esters 1a-4a were resolved in high enantioselectivities with E-values up to >200 using whole cells of aerobically grown Sulfolobus acidocaldarius DSM 639. The stereochemical course of this biohydrolysis was shown to proceed with strict inversion of configuration; thus, the preferred (R)-enantiomers were converted into the corresponding (S)-sec-alcohols to furnish a homochiral product mixture.
Unraveling Nanotubes: Field Emission from an Atomic Wire (1995)

Field emission of electrons from individually mounted carbon nanotubes has been found to be dramatically enhanced when the nanotube tips are opened by laser evaporation or oxidative etching. Emission currents of 0.1 to 1 microampere were readily obtained at room temperature with bias voltages of less than 80 volts. The emitting structures are concluded to be linear chains of carbon atoms, Cn, (n = 10 to 100), pulled out from the open edges of the graphene wall layers of the nanotube by the force of the electric field, in a process that resembles unraveling the sleeve of a sweater.
Facile Tuning of the Surface Energy of Cellulose Nanofibers for Nanocomposite Reinforcement (2018)

The isolation of nanocellulose from lignocellulosic biomass, with desirable surface chemistry and morphology, has gained extensive scientific attention for various applications including polymer nanocomposite reinforcement. Additionally, environmental and economic concerns have driven researchers to explore viable alternatives to current isolation approaches, employing chemicals with reduced environmental impact. To address these issues, in this study, we have tuned the amphiphilic behavior of cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) by employing controlled alkali treatment, instead of in combination with expensive, environmentally unsustainable conventional approaches. Microscopic and spectroscopic analysis demonstrated that this approach is capable of tuning composition and interfacial tension of CNFs through a careful control of the quantity of residual lignin and hemicellulose. To elucidate the performance of CNF as an efficient reinforcing nanofiller in hydrophobic polymer matrices, prevulcanized natural rubber (NR) latex was employed as a suitable host polymer. CNF/NR nanocomposites with different CNF loading levels (0.1-1 wt % CNF) were prepared by a casting method. It was found that the incorporation of 0.1 wt % CNF treated with a 0.5 w/v % sodium hydroxide solution led to the highest latex reinforcement efficiency, with an enhancement in tensile stress and toughness of 16% to 42 MPa and 9% to 197 MJ m<sup>-3</sup>, respectively. This property profile offers a potential application for the high-performance medical devices such as condoms and gloves.
Dielectric response of structured multilayered polymer films fabricated by forced assembly (2008)

The effect of introducing a multilayer microstructure on the dielectric properties of polymer materials is evaluated in 32- and 256-layer films with alternating polycarbonate (PC) and polyvinylidene-hexafluoropropylene (coPVDF) layers. The permittivity, dielectric loss, dielectric strength, and energy density were measured as a function of the relative PC/coPVDF volume concentrations. The permittivity follows an effective medium model while the dielectric strength was typically higher than that predicted by a volume fraction based weighted average of the components. Energy densities as high as ∼14J∕cm3, about 60% greater than that of the component polymers, are measured for 50% PC/50% coPVDF films.
Deficiency of Kruppel-like factor KLF4 in myeloid-derived suppressor cells inhibits tumor pulmonary metastasis in mice accompanied by decreased fibrocytes (2014)

The importance of immunosuppressive myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) bearing monocyte markers in tumor metastasis has been well established. Recently, it was reported that these cells possess phenotypic plasticity and differentiate into fibrocytes, very distinct cells that are precursors of tumorigenic myofibroblasts. However, the importance of this transdifferentiation in tumor metastasis has not been explored. Here, we describe the role of MDSC-derived fibrocytes in tumor metastasis that is regulated by Kruppel-like factor 4 (KLF4), a transcription factor that is critical to monocyte differentiation and to promotion of cancer development. Using mouse metastasis models of melanoma and breast cancer, we found that KLF4 knockout was associated with significantly reduced pulmonary metastasis, which was accompanied by decreased populations of MDSCs, fibrocytes and myofibroblasts in the lung. Cause-effect studies by adoptive transfer revealed that KLF4 deficiency in MDSCs led to significantly reduced lung metastasis that was associated with fewer MDSC-derived fibrocytes and myofibroblasts. Mechanistically, KLF4 deficiency significantly compromised the generation of fibrocytes from MDSCs in vitro. During this process, KLF4 expression levels were tightly linked with those of fibroblast-specific protein-1 (FSP-1), deficiency of which resulted in no metastasis in mice as has been previously reported. In addition, KLF4 bound directly to the FSP-1 promoter as determined by chromatin immunoprecipitation and overexpression of KLF4 increased the FSP-1 promoter activities. Taken together, our results suggest that MDSCs not only execute their immunosuppressive function to promote metastatic seeding as reported before, but also boost metastatic tumor growth after they adopt a fibrocyte fate. Therefore, KLF4-mediated fibrocyte generation from MDSCs may represent a novel mechanism of MDSCs contributing to tumor metastasis and supports the feasibility of inhibiting KLF4 or FSP-1 to prevent tumor metastasis.
Integration of Heat Transfer, Stress, and Particle Trajectory Simulation (2012)

Calabazas Creek Research, Inc. developed and currently markets Beam Optics Analyzer (BOA) in the United States and abroad. BOA is a 3D, charged particle optics code that solves the electric and magnetic fields with and without the presence of particles. It includes automatic and adaptive meshing to resolve spatial scales ranging from a few millimeters to meters. It is fully integrated with CAD packages, such as SolidWorks, allowing seamless geometry updates. The code includes iterative procedures for optimization, including a fully functional, graphical user interface. Recently, time dependent, particle in cell capability was added, pushing particles synchronically under quasistatic electromagnetic fields to obtain particle bunching under RF conditions. A heat transfer solver was added during this Phase I program. Completed tasks include: (1) Added a 3D finite element heat transfer solver with adaptivity; (2) Determined the accuracy of the linear heat transfer field solver to provide the basis for development of higher order solvers in Phase II; (3) Provided more accurate and smoother power density fields; and (4) Defined the geometry using the same CAD model, while maintaining different meshes, and interfacing the power density field between the particle simulator and heat transfer solvers. These objectives were achieved using modern programming techniques and algorithms. All programming was in C++ and parallelization in OpenMP, utilizing state-of-the-art multi-core technology. Both x86 and x64 versions are supported. The GUI design and implementation used Microsoft Foundation Class.
S1150103 Gas/liquid phase change driven rubber soft actuator (2015)

Soft rubber actuators have possibilities to be useful devices in medical, nursing care and hard work area because of their flexibility. Actually, rubber soft actuators are researched by many researchers. However, there are usually driven with air pressure that needs for preparing some equipment. We suggest that the rubber soft actuators, which are driven with gas/liquid phase change of working fluid. When the working fluid changed from liquid to gas, it takes huge volume change. We assume that this volume change is utilizable phenomenon as pressure source of rubber actuator. In addition to that, this volume change is easy to be excited by heating. We fabricate the prototype bending actuator of silicone rubber by molding using 3D printed ABS resin mold. 3D printed plastic dies can withstand the temperature when rubber is cured. We prepare two different softness rubbers and fabricate the prototype actuators. In the experiments, the actuators, which are filled with water and ethanol, are heated inside of the constant temperature reservoir by its atmosphere. As a results of experiments, we confirmed that the all actuators are bended as temperature increasing. We suppose that the actuator is driven with gas/liquid phase change, because the prototypes have no materials which can produce the pressure. We show that gas/liquid phase change phenomenon has the potentials for becoming tiny pressure source of rubber soft actuators.
On the ratio of two random variables (1967)

The probability P(k) that two non-negative random variables X and Y are within K ≡ 20 log <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">10</inf> k dB of each other is investigated. When the joint probability density function is symmetric in X and Y, then P(k) = 2F <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Z</inf> (k) - 1, where F <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Z</inf> is the cumulative distribution function of the ratio Z ≡ (X/Y). Finally, P(k) is evaluated for the case in which X and Y are correlated Rayleigh variates.
CarbonSAFE Phase II: Project ECO2S, Geologic Characterization Well Report (Deliverable 5.3.b) (2021)

Establishing an Early CO2 Storage Complex in Kemper County, Mississippi (ECO2S): Geologic Characterization Well Report (Deliverable 5.3.b)
Insulated gate field effect transistor integrated circuits with silicon gates (1968)

The Silicon Gate Technology is a new approach to fabricating insulated gate field effect transistor circuits, in which the metal gate electrode is replaced by a doped, silicon electrode. The work function difference between the gate electrode and semiconductor bulk will now be determined by the doping of the gate electrode. This leads to normally off p-channel devices with threshold voltages typically between 1.1 v and 2.5 v on material with 1000Å gate oxide. It is a self-aligned gate structure and has a buried-gate electrode which allows crossover of gate regions and closer spacing of source-drain contact. The fabrication needs 4 masking steps and was found to be compatible with existing planar technology.