gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Significant Enhancement of Mechanical and Thermal Properties of Thermoplastic Polyester Elastomer by Polymer Blending and Nanoinclusion (2016)

Thermoplastic elastomer composites and nanocomposites were fabricated via melt processing technique by blending thermoplastic elastomer (TPEE) with poly(butylene terephthalate) (PBT) thermoplastic and also by adding small amount of organo modified nanoclay and/or polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE). We study the effect of polymer blending on the mechanical and thermal properties of TPEE blends with and without nanoparticle additions. Significant improvement was observed by blending only TPEE and virgin PBT polymers. With a small amount (0.5 wt.%) of nanoclay or PTFE particles added to the TPEE composite, there was further improvement in both the mechanical and thermal properties. To study mechanical properties, flexural strength (FS), flexural modulus (FM), tensile strength (TS), and tensile elongation (TE) were all investigated. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) were used to analyze the thermal properties, including the heat distortion temperature (HDT), of the composites. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to observe the polymer fracture surface morphology. The dispersion of the clay and PTFE nanoparticles was confirmed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis. This material is proposed for use as a baffle plate in the automotive industry, where both high HDT and high modulus are essential.
Harnessing the Potential of Human Pluripotent Stem Cells and Gene Editing for the Treatment of Retinal Degeneration (2017)

Genome editing is becoming a valuable tool for disease modelling and in vivo gene editing in the retina.
Data from: Population genetics of four heavily exploited shark species around the Arabian Peninsula (2015)

The northwestern Indian Ocean harbors a number of larger marine vertebrate taxa that warrant the investigation of genetic population structure given remarkable spatial heterogeneity in biological characteristics such as distribution, behavior, and morphology. Here, we investigate the genetic population structure of four commercially exploited shark species with different biological characteristics (Carcharhinus limbatus, Carcharhinus sorrah, Rhizoprionodon acutus, and Sphyrna lewini) between the Red Sea and all other water bodies surrounding the Arabian Peninsula. To assess intraspecific patterns of connectivity, we constructed statistical parsimony networks among haplotypes and estimated (1) population structure; and (2) time of most recent population expansion, based on mitochondrial control region DNA and a total of 20 microsatellites. Our analysis indicates that, even in smaller, less vagile shark species, there are no contemporary barriers to gene flow across the study region, while historical events, for example, Pleistocene glacial cycles, may have affected connectivity in C. sorrah and R. acutus. A parsimony network analysis provided evidence that Arabian S. lewini may represent a population segment that is distinct from other known stocks in the Indian Ocean, raising a new layer of conservation concern. Our results call for urgent regional cooperation to ensure the sustainable exploitation of sharks in the Arabian region.
One-component plasma model and large Z laboratory plasmas. Interim report, August-December 1985 (1986)

Stemming from an expression for the mean two-particle potential energy of a two-component laboratory plasma comprised of ions of charge Ze and electrons, it is argued that for sufficiently large Z, thermodynamic properties of such plasmas are the same as those relevant to Wigner's one-component plasma model, Thus, an equation of state is obtained for a strongly coupled laboratory plasma with Z greater than or approximately 5.
Mechanism of activation of the human trk oncogene. (1989)

The human trk oncogene was generated by a genetic rearrangement that replaced the extracellular domain of the normal trk tyrosine kinase receptor by sequences coding for the 221 amino-terminal residues of a nonmuscle tropomyosin. Molecular dissection of a cDNA clone of the trk oncogene indicated that both the tropomyosin and tyrosine kinase domains were required for proper transforming activity. Replacement of nonmuscle tropomyosin sequences with those of other tropomyosin isoforms had no deleterious effect. However, when tropomyosin sequences were replaced with those of another cytoskeletal gene, such as beta-actin or beta-globin, transforming activity was completely abolished. These results illustrate the important role of tropomyosin sequences in endowing the trk kinase with transforming properties. Functionally unrelated subdomains of the tropomyosin molecule were equally efficient in activating the trk gene. Moreover, the transforming activity of the trk oncogene was not affected when its subcellular localization was drastically altered. Therefore, tropomyosin sequences are likely to contribute to the malignant activation of the trk oncogene not by facilitating its interaction with defined cytoskeletal structures as initially suspected, but by allowing its kinase domain to fold into a constitutively active configuration.
Eye movements and lexical ambiguity resolution: Investigating the subordinate-bias effect. (2006)

Recent debates on lexical ambiguity resolution have centered on the subordinate-bias effect, in which reading time is longer on a biased ambiguous word in a subordinate-biasing context than on a control word. The nature of the control word--namely, whether it matched the frequency of the ambiguous word's overall word form or its contextually instantiated word meaning (a higher or lower frequency word, respectively)--was examined. In addition, contexts that were singularly supportive of the ambiguous word's subordinate meaning were used. Eye movements were recorded as participants read contextually biasing passages that contained an ambiguous word target or a word-form or word-meaning control. A comparison of fixation times on the 2 control words revealed a significant effect of word frequency. Fixation times on the ambiguous word generally fell between those on the 2 controls and were significantly different than both. Results are discussed in relation to the reordered access model, in which both meaning frequency and prior context affect access procedures.
Automatic photo pop-up (2005)

This paper presents a fully automatic method for creating a 3D model from a single photograph. The model is made up of several texture-mapped planar billboards and has the complexity of a typical children's pop-up book illustration. Our main insight is that instead of attempting to recover precise geometry, we statistically model geometric classes defined by their orientations in the scene. Our algorithm labels regions of the input image into coarse categories: "ground", "sky", and "vertical". These labels are then used to "cut and fold" the image into a pop-up model using a set of simple assumptions. Because of the inherent ambiguity of the problem and the statistical nature of the approach, the algorithm is not expected to work on every image. However. it performs surprisingly well for a wide range of scenes taken from a typical person's photo album.
Calculation of a Corrosion Rate Using Monte Carlo Simulation (2007)

Abstract This document describes a means of calculating a credible corrosion rate for establishing integrity reassessment intervals for a pipeline that has sustained corrosion-caused metal loss. The method uses corrosion pit depths determined at a point in time by either direct measurement or inferred indirectly from inspection data or a combination of both. The history of the pipeline can be used to determine logical points in time for the corrosion to have initiated. Probability density functions are used to represent the time of corrosion initiation and pit depth data, and through a Monte Carlo simulation the 80 percent upper confidence bound corrosion rate is determined.
Potential for Improving Potency and Specificity of Reovirus Oncolysis with Next-Generation Reovirus Variants (2015)

Viruses that specifically replicate in tumor over normal cells offer promising cancer therapies. Oncolytic viruses (OV) not only kill the tumor cells directly; they also promote anti-tumor immunotherapeutic responses. Other major advantages of OVs are that they dose-escalate in tumors and can be genetically engineered to enhance potency and specificity. Unmodified wild type reovirus is a propitious OV currently in phase I-III clinical trials. This review summarizes modifications to reovirus that may improve potency and/or specificity during oncolysis. Classical genetics approaches have revealed reovirus variants with improved adaptation towards tumors or with enhanced ability to establish specific steps of virus replication and cell killing among transformed cells. The recent emergence of a reverse genetics system for reovirus has provided novel strategies to fine-tune reovirus proteins or introduce exogenous genes that could promote oncolytic activity. Over the next decade, these findings are likely to generate better-optimized second-generation reovirus vectors and improve the efficacy of oncolytic reotherapy.
Combinatorial CVD of ZrO2 or HfO2 compositional spreads with SiO2 for high ? dielectrics (2004)

A modified low-pressure chemical vapor deposition reactor was used to create compositional spreads of MO2/SiO2 films (M = Hf or Zr) on a single Si(100) wafer. Tri(tert-butoxy)silanol and anhydrous metal nitrates of hafnium and zirconium were used to grow films at temperatures as low as 130 °C. The films were characterized by ellipsometry and Rutherford backscattering spectrometry. The compositional spreads of 5–54% of Hf in the HfO2/SiO2 system and 5–62% of Zr in the ZrO2/SiO2 system are proposed to result from chemistry occurring between the two precursors. A survey of possible reactions involved in the deposition is included. The dielectric constant ranged from approximately 4 in the silica-rich locations to 17 in the ZrO2-rich and HfO2-rich locations.
Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 ICP4 Promotes Transcription Preinitiation Complex Formation by Enhancing the Binding of TFIID to DNA (2000)

Infected-cell polypeptide 4 (ICP4) of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) activates the expression of many HSV genes during infection. It functions along with the cellular general transcription factors to increase the transcription rates of genes. In this study, an HSV late promoter consisting of only a TATA box and an INR element was immobilized on a magnetic resin and incubated with nuclear extracts or purified TFIID in the presence and absence of ICP4. Analysis of the complexes formed on these promoters revealed that ICP4 increased the formation of transcription preinitiation complexes (PICs) in a TATA box-dependent manner, as determined by the presence of ICP4, TFIID, TFIIB, and polymerase II on the promoter. With both nuclear extract and purified TFIID, it was determined that ICP4 helped TFIID bind to the promoter and the TATA box. These observations differed from those for the activator Gal4-VP16. As previously observed by others, Gal4-VP16 also increased the formation of PICs without helping TFIID bind to the promoter, suggesting that ICP4 and VP16 differ in their mechanism of activation and that ICP4 functions to facilitate PIC formation at an earlier step in the formation of PICs. We also observed that the DNA binding activity of ICP4 was not sufficient to help TFIID bind to the promoter and that the region of ICP4 that was responsible for this activity is located between residues 30 and 274. Taken together these results demonstrate that a specific region of ICP4 helps TFIID bind to the TATA box and that this in turn facilitates the formation of transcription PICs.
On Inverse Equations for Vehicle Dynamics (1991)

Abstract Instead of writing equations which when solved yield the response of a vehicle to an input such as the front wheel steer angle, one can often invert the equations so that a response quantity is specified as an input and a new set of equations is solved yielding the steer angle required as an output. Using these equations one can discover the input steer angle a driver would need to impose in order to accomplish a specific maneuver for various vehicles. It is shown that there are many possible inverse equation sets and that the eigenvalues of the inverse equations are hard to interpret since they may have little to do with the vehicle parameters. The linear single-input single-output case is studied first to fix ideas using a simple example. For the bicycle model vehicle, it is shown that any vehicle may have unstable inverse equations depending upon the response quantity used. Extensions to nonlinear and multiple-input multiple output systems are discussed.
Wireless telemetry system for a SAW based microvalve (2008)

Inductively coupled RF telemetry is an optimal method for both power supply and data transmission in long term artificial implants due to small size, high reliability, and extended life span of the device. In this research, we propose the use of the same technique for secure remote interrogation and powering of a human implantable, Surface Acoustic Wave (SAW) correlation based, passive microvalve. This is carried out by interrogating the microvalve with a Barker sequence encoded BPSK signal. In this paper we present the development of a FEM model for the derivation of the induced voltage on a miniature (2.5&times;2.5&times;1 mm), inductively coupled, biocompatible spiral antenna/coil, interrogated by a 7.5&times;7.5&times;0.2 cm spiral antenna/coil in the near field. The amount of power transferred at a 30-160 MHz range was derived using the S<sub>21</sub> coupling response when the two antennas are separated by a human body simulant of 5 cm depth. Furthermore, the effect of varying magnetic coupling on the induced voltage, due to the misorientation of coils/antennas is analysed.
New cross-beam technique for charge transfer cross section measurement using a pulsed ion beam produced by laser photoionization (1990)

A new cross-beam technique has been developed to measure the charge transfer cross sections of metallic atoms which have not been experimentally investigated previously. Two high-density atomic beams were produced by the vaporization of a metal heated with an electron beam gun. A pulsed ion beam produced from one atomic beam by laser photoionization was collided with another atomic beam. By colliding the pulsed ion beam produced in this manner with the second atomic beam, the apparatus was simplified in comparison with conventional one; additionally, only a single pulsed laser shot is required to obtain the data necessary to determine a cross section. By using repetitive laser pulses it is possible to acquire in a short time a more accurate cross section as a function of impact energy. The apparatus was successfully applied to the measurement of the charge transfer cross section of gadolinium, a metallic atom with a relatively high ionization potential and high melting point.
The degree of left atrial structural remodeling impacts left ventricular ejection fraction in patients with atrial fibrillation (2014)

Patients with extensive LA fibrosis appear to have depressed LV function pre-ablation, suggesting that structural remodeling in the LA may also be triggering and promoting remodeling within the ventricular myocardium.
About the use of the expression “Indlandsis”: comments on Dr. Weidick’s letter (1967)

An abstract is not available for this content. As you have access to this content, full HTML content is provided on this page. A PDF of this content is also available in through the ‘Save PDF’ action button.
A method for controlling crowd flow by changing recommender information on navigation application (2016)

Purpose This paper aims to control the crowd flow naturally by presenting appropriate information. Design/methodology/approach The authors developed a navigation application for an event held in Osaka called “Osaka Mizube Bar”, and divided users into three groups to present different information in restaurants’ view list. Findings The results of the experiment confirmed that users will focus on the position of the rank list, regardless of the information for each item. Originality/value This paper used persuasive technology in information presentation for event application.
Kerr effect and birefringence from paraelectric CN− defects in nine alkali halides (1978)

Abstract Substitutional CN − defects in the sodium‐, potassium‐ and rubidium‐chlorides, ‐bromides, and iodides are investigated at low temperatures (2 to 8 K) under electric fields E of different symmetry for their field‐induced birefringence Δ n ( E ) (Kerr‐effect). In all nine crystal systems, a para‐electric Kerr‐effect is found with a pronounced anisotropy giving evidence for 〈111〉 CN − symmetry in the six potassium‐ and rubidium‐halides, and 〈100〉 symmetry in the three sodium‐halides. Under increase of the CN − concentration, anisotropic birefringence effects appear (without field) under cooling of the crystals, indicating low temperature ordering of interacting CN − dipole clusters.
Cyclooxygenase isoenzymes and newer therapeutic potential forselective COX-2 inhibitors (2000)

Cyclooxygenase (COX), also known as prostaglandin G/H synthase, is a membrane-bound enzyme responsible for the oxidation of arachidonic acid to prostaglandins that was first identified over 20 years ago. In the past decade, however, more progress has been made in understanding the role of cyclooxygenase enzymes in various pathophysiological conditions. Two cyclooxygenase isoforms have been identified and are referred to as COX-1 and COX-2. COX-1 enzyme is constitutively expressed and regulates a number of housekeeping functions such as vascular hemostasis and gastroprotection, whereas COX-2 is inducible (i.e., sites of inflammation) by number of mediators such as growth factors, cytokines and endotoxins. Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) produce their therapeutic effects through inhibition of COX, the enzyme that makes prostaglandins. Nonselective inhibition of COX isoenzyme leads to not only beneficial therapeutic effects but also a number of detrimental effects. Beneficial effects are due to inhibition of COX-2 and detrimental effects are due to inhibition of physiological COX-1. The present review discusses the biology as well as the role of these COX isoenzymes in various pathophysiological conditions.
An Equivalent Circuit Model of the General 3-Dimensional RFQ (1983)

An equivalent circuit model has been developed, based on the description of the RFQ as a terminated waveguide. The RFQ is modeled as a length of inductively loaded square waveguide operating in "TE10-and TE11- like" modes in the dipole and quadrupole configurations respectively. This is described by 6 coupled first order differential equations using distributed values for the four quadrant shunt admittances and series impedances. The end terminations are represented by lumped terminating reactances. The first few orders of both dipole and quadrupole modes are described by the model. By relating the equivalent circuit values to physical dimnensions, the effects on frequency and field distributions of vane movement, tube distortion, individual end tuner movement and vane strapping were determined. Agreement with measured properties is reasonable, and some new insights on RFQ operation have been gained.
Screening for hereditary fructose intolerance mutations by reverse dot-blot (1999)

An assay is described which is useful for genetic screening of the two most prevalent mutations that cause hereditary fructose intolerance (HFI). Both mutations lie within exon 5 of the aldolase B gene. Amplification of exon 5 from genomic DNA isolated from peripheral lymphocytes using biotinylated aldolase B-specific primers yields a biotin-tagged probe. This probe is hybridized to complementary poly(dT)-tailed allele specific oligonucleotides (ASOs) that are bound to a nylon membrane. The length of the ASOs, the amount bound to the membrane and the time of hybridization are optimized for discrimination of all four alleles under the same hybridization conditions. Detection of biotinylated amplified DNA is performed by creating an avidin-alkaline phosphatase complex and visualization by chemiluminescence. This assay can rapidly detect the two mutations, A149P and A174D, which cause >70% of HFI worldwide, and offers a rapid and sensitive assay that is much less invasive for the diagnosis of this often difficult to diagnose disorder.
All-Digital Background Calibration of a Successive Approximation ADC Using the “Split ADC” Architecture (2011)

The “split ADC” architecture enables fully digital calibration and correction of nonlinearity errors due to capacitor mismatch in a successive approximation (SAR) ADC. The die area of a single ADC design is split into two independent halves, each converting the same input signal. Total area and power is unchanged, resulting in minimal increase in analog complexity. For each conversion, the half-sized ADCs generate two independent outputs which are digitally corrected using estimates of capacitor mismatch errors for each ADC. The ADC outputs are averaged to produce the ADC output code. The difference of the two outputs is used in a background calibration algorithm which estimates the error in the correction parameters. Any nonzero difference drives an LMS feedback loop toward zero difference which can only occur when the average error in each correction parameter is zero. A novel segmentation and shuffling scheme in the SAR capacitive DAC enables background calibration for a wide range of input signals including dc. Simulation of a 16 bit 1 Msps SAR ADC in 180 nm CMOS shows calibration convergence within 200 000 samples.
Scalable Fabrication of 3D Structured Microparticles Using Induced Phase Separation (2021)

ABSTRACT Microparticles with defined shapes and spatial chemical modification can enable new opportunities to interface with cells and tissues at the cellular scale. However, conventional methods to fabricate shaped microparticles have trade-offs between the throughput of manufacture and precision of particle shape and chemical functionalization. Here, we achieved scalable production of hydrogel microparticles at rates of greater than 40 million/hour with localized surface chemistry using a parallelized step emulsification device and temperature-induced phase-separation. The approach harnesses a polymerizable polyethylene glycol (PEG) and gelatin aqueous-two phase system (ATPS) which conditionally phase separates within microfluidically-generated droplets. Following droplet formation, phase separation is induced and phase separated droplets are subsequently crosslinked to form uniform crescent and hollow shell particles with gelatin functionalization on the boundary of the cavity. The gelatin localization enabled deterministic cell loading in sub nanoliter-size crescent-shaped particles, which we refer to as nanovials, with cavity dimensions tuned to the size of cells. Loading on nanovials also imparted improved cell viability during analysis and sorting using standard fluorescence activated cell sorters, presumably by protecting cells from shear stress. This localization effect was further exploited to selectively functionalize capture antibodies to nanovial cavities enabling single-cell secretion assays with reduced cross-talk in a simplified format.