gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Incarcerate free radicals (1986)

We have investigated the possible protective effect of superoxide dismutase and allopurinol in a rat model of mild and severe hepatic necrosis produced by Corynebacterium parvum with or without endotoxin. Histology showed a sinusoidal mononuclear cell infiltrate with multiple granulomata but variable degrees of hepatic necrosis. In the severe hepatic injury model there was a reduction in mortality, associated with a decrease in histologic and biochemical evidence of hepatic necrosis, after treatment with superoxide dismutase. This protective effect was not demonstrated with partially heat-inactivated superoxide dismutase. In the mild hepatic injury model similar trends in reduction of serum levels of hepatic enzymes were observed after treatment with both superoxide dismutase and allopurinol. These results indicate that oxygen-derived free radicals may play an important role in the pathogenesis of hepatic injury in the rat.
Analytic Modal Analyses of a Partially (2010)

In this paper, the effect of an actuator on the natural frequencies and mode shapes of a cantilever Timoshenko beam is studied. In this regard, the equations of motion of a cantileverTim- oshenko beam are considered. In order to incorporate the effect of the actuator in these equations, it is assumed that the beam is comprised of three uniform Timoshenko beams connected to one another at their boundaries. The continuity and equilibrium con- ditions are then utilized to find the sub-boundary conditions for each sub-beam. The effect of the actuator is considered as an ex- ternal torque on the sub-boundary conditions. This leads to a set of partial differential equations for each sub-beam with coupled non-homogenous boundary conditions. A solution for the resulting equationsisobtainedandastate-spacemodelofthebeamstrength- ened with the actuator is derived. To evaluate the accuracy of the model, simulation and experimental results are presented.
Data from Dissecting the Stromal Signaling and Regulation of Myeloid Cells and Memory Effector T Cells in Pancreatic Cancer (2023)

&lt;div&gt;AbstractPurpose:&lt;p&gt;Myeloid cells are a prominent immunosuppressive component within the stroma of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Previously, targeting myeloid cells has had limited success. Here, we sought to target the myeloid cells through modifying a specific stromal component.&lt;/p&gt;Experimental Design:&lt;p&gt;A murine model of metastatic PDAC treated with an irradiated whole-cell PDAC vaccine and PDAC specimens from patients treated with the same type of vaccine were used to assess the immune-modulating effect of stromal hyaluronan (HA) degradation by PEGPH20.&lt;/p&gt;Results:&lt;p&gt;Targeting stroma by degrading HA with PEGPH20 in combination with vaccine decreases CXCL12/CXCR4/CCR7 immunosuppressive signaling axis expression in cancer-associated fibroblasts, myeloid, and CD8&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt; T cells, respectively. This corresponds with increased CCR7&lt;sup&gt;−&lt;/sup&gt; effector memory T-cell infiltration, an increase in tumor-specific IFNγ, and improved survival. In the stroma of human PDACs treated with the same vaccine, decreased stromal CXCR4 expression significantly correlated with decreased HA and increased cytotoxic activities, suggesting CXCR4 is an important therapeutic target.&lt;/p&gt;Conclusions:&lt;p&gt;This study represents the first to dissect signaling cascades following PDAC stroma remodeling via HA depletion, suggesting this not only overcomes a physical barrier for immune cell trafficking, but alters myeloid function leading to downstream selective increases in effector memory T-cell infiltration and antitumor activity.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Down-Regulation of RpS21, a Putative Translation Initiation Factor Interacting with P40, Produces Viable Minute Imagos and Larval Lethality with Overgrown Hematopoietic Organs and Imaginal Discs (1999)

Down-regulation of the Drosophila ribosomal protein S21 gene (rpS21) causes a dominant weak Minute phenotype and recessively produces massive hyperplasia of the hematopoietic organs and moderate overgrowth of the imaginal discs during larval development. Here, we show that the S21 protein (RpS21) is bound to native 40S ribosomal subunits in a salt-labile association and is absent from polysomes, indicating that it acts as a translation initiation factor rather than as a core ribosomal protein. RpS21 can interact strongly with P40, a ribosomal peripheral protein encoded by the stubarista (sta) gene. Genetic studies reveal that P40 underexpression drastically enhances imaginal disc overgrowth in rpS21-deficient larvae, whereas viable combinations between rpS21 and sta affect the morphology of bristles, antennae, and aristae. These data demonstrate a strong interaction between components of the translation machinery and showed that their underexpression impairs the control of cell proliferation in both hematopoietic organs and imaginal discs.
Supplemental Figure S6 from Targeting Microglial Metabolic Rewiring Synergizes with Immune-Checkpoint Blockade Therapy for Glioblastoma (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplemental Figure S6 describes that inhibition of NR4A2 or SQLE improves the therapeutic efficacy of immune checkpoint blockade.&lt;/p&gt;
6-Aminoquinolones as New Potential Anti-HIV Agents (2000)

A series of 6-aminoquinolone compounds were evaluated for their in vitro activity against human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). Compound 12a, bearing a methyl substituent at the N-1 position and a 4-(2-pyridyl)-1-piperazine moiety at the C-7 position, was the most active in inhibiting HIV-1 replication on de novo infected C8166 human lymphoblastoid cell lines. The 12a EC(50) value was 0.1 microM, a 7-20-fold lower concentration relative to that for compounds 8a and 7a containing a cyclopropyl and tert-butyl substituent at the N-1 position, respectively. When the C-6 amino group was replaced with a fluorine atom, a decreased antiviral effect was observed. The observed effects are selective, since potency is substantially reduced when testing the compounds against the herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1). Active quinolone derivatives very efficiently interact with TAR RNA, which suggests a nucleic acid-targeted mechanism of action.
Fabric anisotropy and undrained shear behavior of granular soil (2009)

The mechanical behavior of granular soil is very complex and strongly influenced by factors such as the density, confining pressure, drainage condition and loading path. An image analysis approach was used to quantify the fabric anisotropy of granular soil. Triaxial tests and torsional shear tests were done on Toyoura sand of different fabrics. The relations between the soil response and the fabric anisotropy were explored. The differences in the undrained stress-strain response among the differently prepared specimens are attributed to fabric anisotropy.
Resolution of biexponential transverse relaxation in magnetic resonance imaging (1989)

The accuracy in measurements of mono- and biexponential transverse relaxation processes with an MRI unit (0.5 T) was studied with a binary phantom. Comparison with spectrometer measurements (0.5 T) demonstrated that the imager underestimated the T2 values for monoexponential processes. Numerical resolution of biexponential processes also yielded underestimated relaxation times, but the resolution of a slow, constant component from faster components was relatively precise and consistent, provided the T2 ratio was above 2.5 in the T2 range 200-800 ms for a spin-echo sequence with 32 echoes. The effects of signal-averaging, strength of slice-selective gradient, single- versus multi-slice mode and repetition time were of little importance. In coronal slices a spurious biexponentiality occurred occasionally from monoexponential sources. The influence of stochastic noise was of minor importance compared to the effect of systematic noise.
Cytokine Expression in Otitis Media With Effusion: Tumor Necrosis Factor Soluble Receptor (1997)

Our data support the hypothesis that cytokines and their inhibitors are present in a large number of middle ear effusions and in part are likely important in the regulation of inflammatory processes in COME.
Control of Persistent Salmonella Infection Relies on Constant Thymic Output Despite Increased Peripheral Antigen-Specific T Cell Immunity (2020)

Recent thymic emigrants are the youngest subset of peripheral T cells and their involvement in combating persistent bacterial infections has not been explored. Here, we hypothesized that CD4<sup>+</sup> recent thymic emigrants are essential immune mediators during persistent <i>Salmonella</i> infection. To test this, we thymectomized adult mice either prior to, or during, persistent <i>Salmonella</i> infection. We found that thymic output is crucial in the formation of protective immune responses during the early formation of a <i>Salmonella</i> infection but is dispensable once persistent <i>Salmonella</i> infection is established. Further, we show that thymectomized mice demonstrate increased infection-associated mortality and bacterial burdens. Unexpectedly, numbers of <i>Salmonella</i>-specific CD4<sup>+</sup> T cells were significantly increased in thymectomized mice compared to sham control mice. Lastly, we found that T cells from thymectomized mice may be impaired in producing the effector cytokine IL-17 at early time points of infection, compared to thymically intact mice. Together, these results imply a unique role for thymic output in the formation of immune responses against a persistent, enteric pathogen.
Gender-based effects on methylprednisolone pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics (1993)

The pharmacokinetics and selected pharmacodynamic responses to methylprednisolone were investigated in six men and six premenopausal women after a dose of 0.6 mg/kg ideal body weight. Women (luteal phase) exhibited a greater methylprednisolone clearance (0.45 versus 0.29 L/hr/kg) and shorter elimination half-life (1.7 versus 2.6 hours) than men. The volume of distribution of methylprednisolone was similar when normalized for ideal body weight. Pharmacodynamic models were used to examine the methylprednisolone suppressive effects on cortisol secretion and basophil and helper T lymphocyte trafficking. A significantly smaller 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) value (0.1 versus 1.7 ng/ml) was seen in the women for suppression of cortisol secretion, indicating increased sensitivity. However, the area under the concentration-time curve of effect was similar for both groups. The IC50 values for effects of methylprednisolone on basophil trafficking related to estradiol concentrations in a log-linear fashion in women, with increased sensitivity found at higher estradiol concentrations. Men displayed a greater 24-hour net suppression in blood basophil numbers, but no difference was observed in net cortisol and helper T lymphocyte suppression between the sexes. These findings suggest that methylprednisolone dosages should be based on ideal body weight. Although women are more sensitive to methylprednisolone as measured by cortisol suppression, they eliminate the drug more quickly, generally producing a similar net response.
Towards a Large‐Scale Asymmetric Reduction Process with Isolated Enzymes: Expression of an (S)‐Alcohol Dehydrogenase in E. coli and Studies on the Synthetic Potential of this Biocatalyst (2003)

Abstract An NAD‐dependent and widely applicable ( S )‐alcohol dehydrogenase is isolated and described as a novel enzyme. It is expressed in an E. coli strain with a high production potential. The application of this enzyme in asymmetric biocatalytic reduction is presented as well. This enzyme shows a broad substrate range comprising aliphatic and aromatic ketones as well as β‐keto esters. The synthetic application of this new ( S )‐alcohol dehydrogenase led to optically active alcohols in high conversion rates accompanied by enantioselectivities of up to &gt;99% ee. Compared to the wild‐type enzyme significant advantages are observed besides the improved availability, such as a high enantioselectivity independent of the reaction time. Furthermore, the alcohol dehydrogenase was cloned and successfully overexpressed in E. coli resulting in a biocatalyst with a potential to be available on technical scale in the future. The development of a large‐scale available and widely applicable ( S )‐alcohol dehydrogenase is one prerequisite to use isolated enzymes for asymmetric reduction processes as a valuable tool.
Large‐Scale Personalized Categorization of Financial Transactions (2020)

A major part of financial accounting involves organizing business transactions using a customizable filing system that accountants call a “chart of accounts.” This task must be carried out for every financial transaction, and hence automation is of significant value to the users of accounting software. In this article we present a large‐scale recommendation system used by millions of small businesses in the USA, UK, Australia, Canada, India, and France to organize billions of financial transactions each year. The system uses machine learning to combine fragments of information from millions of users in a manner that allows us to accurately recommend chart‐of‐accounts categories even when users have created their own or named them using abbreviations or in foreign languages. Transactions are handled even if a given user has never categorized a transaction like that before. The development of such a system and testing it at scale over billions of transactions is a first in the financial industry.
Metabolic Fate of SCE-129, a New Antipseudomonal Cephalosporin, After Parenteral Administration in Rats and Dogs (1978)

Disposition of [(14)C]SCE-129 was studied in rats and dogs after intramuscular (i.m.) or intravenous (i.v.) injection. In rats, the plasma level of i.m. [(14)C]SCE-129 attained a peak at 15 min after dosing and then declined with a half-life of 35 min, whereas the half-life after an i.v. dose was 26 min. The area under the plasma level curve within 2 h after the i.m. dose was 85% of that after the i.v. dose. Intramuscular injection of [(14)C]SCE-129 into dogs gave a peak plasma level at 30 min and a half-life of 60 min. In both rats and dogs, the plasma levels of (14)C were closely similar to those of the unchanged antibiotic, which was weakly bound to plasma protein. The rat tissue level of i.m. [(14)C]SCE-129 was maximum at 15 min, with the highest concentration in the kidney, followed by plasma, adrenal, lung, heart, thymus, gastrointestinal wall, and liver, and the lowest in the brain. The antibiotic barely entered erythrocytes of rats and dogs. Whole-body autora-diographic studies showed that i.m. [(14)C]SCE-129 scarcely crossed the rat placenta. (14)C was detected in the milk of rats given i.m. [(14)C]SCE-129. In both rats and dogs, almost all of the dosed (14)C was excreted in urine within 24 h as the unaltered antibiotic, with only small amounts appearing in feces via bile. Thus, these findings evidenced a rapid absorption and wide distribution of i.m. SCE-129, followed by extensive renal elimination as the unaltered antibiotic.
Comparing nanofiltration and reverse osmosis for drinking water augmentation (2008)

This study investigated the use of ultra‐low‐pressure reverse osmosis (ULPRO) and nanofiltration (NF) membranes for water reuse applications where lower operating pressures and a high permeate quality are desired. A laboratory‐scale investigation was performed to compare the rejection and operational performance of RO, ULPRO, and NF membranes and to select two membranes for testing at a California water facility. A ULPRO membrane and an NF membrane were then tested at pilot and full scale at a water recycling plant and monitored for operational performance and rejection of total organic carbon, total nitrogen, and regulated and unregulated organic micropollutants. Pilot‐ and full‐scale testing of the best‐performing membranes demonstrated that both ULPRO and NF membranes could be used to meet potable water quality requirements. The presumed advantage of using ULPRO and NF membranes diminished as fouling occurred, resulting in operating pressures only slightly lower than or similar to those found for traditional RO membranes.
Progesterone-inhibited phosphorylation of an unique Mr 48,000 protein in the plasma membrane of Xenopus laevis oocytes. (1985)

The meiotic maturation of Xenopus laevis oocytes is induced in vitro by progesterone which interacts at the cell surface level. A cell-free membrane preparation (P-10,000) incorporated 32P from [gamma-32P]ATP, mostly into two proteins, Mr approximately 56,000 and approximately 48,000 (as determined by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis). Progesterone, added in vitro, specifically inhibited the phosphorylation of the Mr approximately 48,000 protein (named p48). Half-maximal inhibition of p48 phosphorylation occurred with progesterone approximately 8 microM, in good correlation with hormone concentration inducing oocyte maturation. The effect was not due to stimulation of protein phosphatase activity. The potent maturation inducers testosterone and deoxycorticosterone also inhibited p48 phosphorylation, whereas biologically inactive steroids or cholesterol did not. p48 phosphorylation was not affected by cAMP, cGMP, polyamines, calmodulin, and phospholipids + diolein. EGTA had a stimulatory effect which was reversed by added Ca2+. The inhibitory effects of progesterone and Ca2+ were additive, suggesting two distinct sites of action. Phospho-p48 was not detected in yolk platelets, microsomes, and cytosol of oocytes. Contrary to p48 itself, the p48 kinase activity was loosely associated with P-10,000. Progesterone inhibited p48 phosphorylation produced by either cytosol or exogenous pure catalytic subunit of cAMP-dependent protein kinase. Conversely, phosphorylation of casein and histones by protein kinase activity present in P-10,000 was not modified by progesterone. It is then suggested that progesterone regulates p48 phosphorylation by affecting the protein substrate in the membrane, rather than by inhibiting the protein kinase enzyme itself. The data demonstrate a direct effect (not mediated by change of protein synthesis) of steroids on p48 phosphorylation in the plasma membrane, and they suggest that this protein could be implicated in the initial action of progesterone on oocyte maturation.
Chronic cerebral hypoperfusion induces post-stroke dementia following acute ischemic stroke in rats (2017)

Our experimental results suggest that CCH may contribute to the development of PSD by interfering with amyloid clearance through the glymphatic pathway and concomitant neuroinflammation. Therapeutic strategy to clear brain metabolic waste through the glymphatic pathway may be a promising approach to prevent PSD after stroke.
Exosome can prevent RNase from degrading microRNA in feces. (2011)

The present study revealed that exosome or cellular membrane could prevent RNase from degrading miRNA inside the exosome or cells even in a dreadful condition, as in feces.
Auditory dysfunction in selected syndromes and patterns of malformations: review and case findings. (1995)

Hundreds of syndromes may be associated with hearing impairment. Within recent years, there has been heightened research and clinical interest in hearing and syndromes, probably due to both advances in molecular genetics and improved techniques for auditory assessment of infants and young children. An example of the current appreciation for the possible relation between auditory dysfunction and syndromes or patterns of malformations is the inclusion of syndromes as a risk factor for hearing impairment by the 1990 Joint Committee on Infant Hearing. In this paper, we review syndromes and patterns of malformation that are frequently or occasionally associated with hearing impairment. In addition, we illustrate, in case studies, auditory findings that may be associated with three of these syndromes and patterns of malformation: Carpenter syndrome, ichthyosiform dermatosis, and Townes syndrome. We conclude with a discussion of strategies for audiologic assessment and management of infants and children with syndromes and patterns of malformations.
Spermidine reduces cancer-related mortality in humans (2018)

A recent prospective epidemiological study suggested that an increase in the nutritional uptake of the natural polyamine spermidine is associated with reduced overall and cancer-specific mortality. Here, we speculate through which mechanisms spermidine might exert such oncopreventive effects. <b>Abbreviations:</b> ACLY, ATP citrate lyase; ATG, autophagy-related gene; CoA, coenzyme A; NSCLC, non-small cell lung cancer.
Correction to Selective Inhibitors of Histone Methyltransferase DOT1L: Design, Synthesis, and Crystallographic Studies (2012)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVAddition/CorrectionORIGINAL ARTICLEThis notice is a correctionCorrection to Selective Inhibitors of Histone Methyltransferase DOT1L: Design, Synthesis, and Crystallographic StudiesYuan Yao, Pinhong Chen, Jiasheng Diao, Gang Cheng, Lisheng Deng, Justin L. Anglin, B. V. Venkataram Prasad, and Yongcheng Song*Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2012, 134, 42, 17834Publication Date (Web):October 16, 2012Publication History Published online16 October 2012Published inissue 24 October 2012https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja309785whttps://doi.org/10.1021/ja309785wcorrectionACS PublicationsCopyright © 2012 American Chemical Society. This publication is available under these Terms of Use. Request reuse permissions This publication is free to access through this site. Learn MoreArticle Views845Altmetric-Citations3LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail PDF (117 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Production of Polyhydroxyalkanoates, a bacterial biodegradable polymer (2004)

There has been considerable interest in the development and production of biodegradable polymer to solve the current problem of pollution caused by the continuous use of synthetic polymer of petroleum origin. Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) are known to be accumulated as intracellular inclusion in some bacteria. The materials properties exhibited by PHAs, ranging from stiff, brittle to rubber-like makes it a close substitute for the synthetic plastic. The high cost of PHAs production has restricted its applications. The possibility of producing this polymer commercially and at comparable cost has been the main focus in this area. &nbsp; Key words:&nbsp; Polyhydroxyalkanoates, biodegradable polymer, bioplastic, poly(3-hydroxybutyrate), biosynthesis.