gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Commissioning Scenario Without Initial Tritium Inventory for a Demonstration Reactor Demo-CREST (2011)

We discuss the applicability of the commissioning scenario without the initial tritium inventory to Demo-CREST. Analysis on MHD stability and current drive property (i.e., NBI injection power, its injection region, the driven current profile, etc.) makes clear the potential to start up the plasma operation without the initial tritium inventory. The critical issue on the core plasma operation is the high confinement of HH=1.57. We also discuss the tritium dead inventory in the plasma area. The key for the commissioning period without the initial tritium inventory is found to be the increment of the dead inventory. Finally, the required commissioning period is estimated at 75˜110 days for the net TBRDT=1.05. That possibility strongly depends on the increment of the dead inventory, and understanding the tritium behavior not only in the plasma region but also in other tritium subsystem is important.
Flexible, dry-released process for aluminum electrostatic actuators (1994)

We present an all-aluminum MEMS process (Al-MEMS) for the fabrication of large-gap electrostatic actuators with process steps that are compatible with the future use of underlying, pre-fabricated CMOS control circuitry. The process is purely additive above the substrate as opposed to processes that depend on etching pits into the silicon, and thereby permits a high degree of design freedom. Multilayer aluminum metallization is used with organic sacrificial layers to build up the actuator structures. Oxygen-based dry etching is used to remove the sacrificial layers. While this approach has been previously used by other investigators to fabricate optical modulators and displays, the specific process presented herein has been optimized for driving mechanical actuators with relatively large travels. The process is also intended to provide flexibility for design and future enhancements. For example, the gap height between the actuator and the underlying electrode(s) can be set using an adjustable polyimide sacrificial layer and aluminum "post" deposition step. Several Al-MEMS electrostatic structures designed for use as mechanical actuators are presented as well as some measured actuation characteristics.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
On the mechanism of the deflagration-to-detonation transition in a hydrogen-oxygen mixture (2010)

The flame acceleration and the physical mechanism underlying the deflagration-to-detonation transition (DDT) have been studied experimentally, theoretically, and using a two-dimensional gasdynamic model for a hydrogen-oxygen gas mixture by taking into account the chain chemical reaction kinetics for eight components. A flame accelerating in a tube is shown to generate shock waves that are formed directly at the flame front just before DDT occurred, producing a layer of compressed gas adjacent to the flame front. A mixture with a density higher than that of the initial gas enters the flame front, is heated, and enters into reaction. As a result, a high-amplitude pressure peak is formed at the flame front. An increase in pressure and density at the leading edge of the flame front accelerates the chemical reaction, causing amplification of the compression wave and an exponentially rapid growth of the pressure peak, which “drags” the flame behind. A high-amplitude compression wave produces a strong shock immediately ahead of the reaction zone, generating a detonation wave. The theory and numerical simulations of the flame acceleration and the new physical mechanism of DDT are in complete agreement with the experimentally observed flame acceleration, shock formation, and DDT in a hydrogen-oxygen gas mixture.
Testing, Development and Demonstration of Large Scale Solar District Heating Systems (2015)

In 2013-2014 the project “Testing, development and demonstration of large scale solar district heating systems” was carried out within the Sino-Danish Renewable Energy Development Programme, the so called RED programme jointly developed by the Chinese and Danish governments. In the project Danish know how on solar heating plants and solar heating test technology have been transferred from Denmark to China, large solar heating systems have been promoted in China, test capabilities on solar collectors and large scale solar heating systems have been improved in China and Danish-Chinese cooperation on solar heating has been improved.
CKAP4 is a potential exosomal biomarker and therapeutic target for lung cancer (2023)

CKAP4 may represent a novel biomarker and molecular target for lung cancer, and combination therapy with an anti-CKAP4 antibody and osimertinib could provide a new lung cancer therapeutic strategy.
Dr Mohamed Haneef: Observations (2007)

The main characteristics of the circumstances faced by Dr Mohamed Haneef, a Muslim who was wrongly implicated as a terrorist by the Australian police are discussed. The various lessons that need to be learned from the case of Dr Mohamed Haneef are highlighted.
"Dialog Navigator" (2002)

This paper describes a dialog based QA system, Dialog Navigator, which can answer questions based on large text knowledge base. In real world QA systems, vagueness of questions is a big problem. Our system can navigates users to the desired answers using the following methods: asking users back with dialog cards, and description extraction of each retrieved text. Another feature of the system is that it retrieves relevant texts precisely, using question types, synonymous expression dictionary, and modifier-head relations in Japanese sentences.
Dedicated Hardware for Parallel Extraction of Local Binary Pattern Feature Vectors (2005)

In this paper we propose a dedicated hardware for extraction of local binary pattern (LBP) feature vectors. The LBP method transforms local features of image data into binary micro-patterns that represent local and global features of the image. The LBP method can be used in applications such as texture classification, moving object detection and face detection and recognition. The hardware proposed in this paper has a massively parallel architecture in order to speed up the LBP feature extraction in real-time applications. The image data is pre-processed using an analog comparison method. Therefore, simulations are performed to find out how mismatch affects the performance.
Effects of combined treatment of chemotherapeutics and hyperthermia on survival and the regulation of heat shock proteins in dunning R3327 prostate carcinoma cells (1998)

BACKGROUND Hyperthermia can enhance the clinical response of chemotherapeutic agents in prostate cancer, but optimal sequencing of this combination therapy needs to be developed. Given the role of heat shock proteins (HSPs) in the development of resistance (thermotolerance) to subsequent hyperthermic stresses as well as to certain chemotherapeutics, the study of HSP regulation is important in the establishment of effective schedules in multimodal treatment strategies. METHODS In this study we evaluated the effects of the chemotherapeutic agents cisplatin, 5-fluorouracil, and adriamycin in combination with hyperthermia. (43°C, 1 h) on clonogenic survival and inducible HSP70 regulation in Dunning rat adenocarcinoma of the prostate. HSP70 was analyzed by Western blot and by measuring β-galactosidase produced by cells stably transfected with a gene construct containing the E. coli β-galactosidase gene driven by the Drosophila HSP70 promoter. RESULTS Colony formation assays revealed a sensitizing effect of hyperthermia when simultaneously combined with each chemotherapeutic agent, resulting in a potentiated cytotoxicity compared to subsequenced treatments. Thermotolerant cells showed a significantly better survival when treated with adriamycin alone, but also when each chemotherapeutic agent was combined with hyperthermia. This enhanced survival was correlated with inducible HSP70 accumulation. The chemotherapeutics modified the HSP70 promoter activation induced by hyperthermia, suggesting changes in the development of cellular thermotolerance. CONCLUSIONS Our data reveal synergistic cytotoxic effects of the synchronous application of chemotherapeutic agents and hyperthermia on this model of prostate cancer. Furthermore, they demonstrate that the induction of HSPs in thermotolerant cells, as measured by HSP70 induction, results in a modulation the chemotherapeutic-mediated cytotoxicity. Therefore, HSP70 is a useful marker of cellular resistance in multimodal approaches combining hyperthermia and chemotherapeutic agents in the treatment of locally advanced prostate carcinoma. Prostate 34:195–202, 1998. © 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
ChemInform Abstract: Scope and Limitation of Organocuprates, and Copper or Nickel Catalyst‐Modified Grignard Reagents for Installation of an Alkyl Group onto cis‐4‐Cyclopentene‐1,3‐diol Monoacetate. (2002)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Ultra-thin decoupled plasma nitridation (DPN) oxynitride gate dielectric for 80-nm advanced technology (2002)

Balancing gate leakage reduction, device performance, and gate dielectric reliability is a major challenge for oxynitride used as a gate dielectric for advanced technology. As compared to RTONO oxynitride, pMOSFET threshold voltage shift and transconductance degradation have been problematic for devices using remote plasma nitridation (RPN) or decoupled plasma nitridation (DPN) process due to non-optimal nitrogen profile in the film. In this paper, we report that the nitrogen profile of DPN gate dielectric can be engineered primarily by tuning the plasma pressure after optimizing other DPN process parameters to solve these problems. An EOT of 15 /spl Aring/ (23-/spl Aring/ NMOS CETinv) DPN oxynitride is demonstrated to have an acceptable pMOS Vt, comparable transconductance, significantly (/spl sim/30/spl times/) longer pMOS time-to-breakdown reliability for packaged devices, and 5/spl times/ gate leakage reduction relative to a high quality RTONO used in industry. The high quality ultrathin DPN film is fabricated in a commercially available system, which is compatible with standard CMOS processing technology. These encouraging results make high-pressure DPN oxynitride an attractive gate dielectric candidate for 80-nm advanced technology and beyond.
Microphase Separation of Ternary and Diblock Binary Polymer Brushes. (2015)

Abstract not provided.
Differentially expressed circular RNAs in maternal and neonatal umbilical cord plasma from SGA compared with AGA (2019)

Small for gestational age (SGA) has a high risk of mortality and morbidity and is common in obstetrics. To date, no effective prediction and treatment tools are available. Acting as microRNA (miRNA) sponges and disease biomarkers are clear functions of circular RNAs (circRNAs). However, it is still unknown what role circRNAs act in SGA. To explore the role of circRNAs in SGA, circRNA expression patterns of the umbilical cord and maternal plasma in SGA was assessed. We first evaluated circRNAs in umbilical cord blood of the SGA and appropriate for gestational age (AGA) groups by microarray sequencing. In total, 170 340 circRNAs were sequenced, and 144 circRNAs were significantly upregulated while 977 were markedly downregulated. Has_circRNA15994-13, has_circ_0001359, and has_circ_0001360 were abundant and differentially expressed between the SGA and AGA groups, and confirmed in the umbilical cord and maternal blood specimens by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. By combining miRNA microarray data of the SGA placenta tissue in NCBI, it was found that two miRNAs were both hsa_circRNA15994-13 targets and differentially expressed, including hsa-miR-3619-5p and hsa-miR-4741. Further KEEG analysis revealed that the most significant pathway enriched by hsa-miR-3619-5p was Wnt signaling that is closely related to SGA; meanwhile, previous reports demonstrated that hsa-miR-3619-5p directly binds to β-catenin to accommodate the Wnt/β-catenin pathway, whereby the suggestive hsa_circRNA15994-13 → hsa-miR-3619-5p → β-catenin signaling pathway may play an important part in SGA.
The Medial Scaffold of 3D Unorganized Point Clouds (2007)

We introduce the notion of the medial scaffold, a hierarchical organization of the medial axis of a 3D shape in the form of a graph constructed from special medial curves connecting special medial points. A key advantage of the scaffold is that it captures the qualitative aspects of shape in a hierarchical and tightly condensed representation. We propose an efficient and exact method for computing the medial scaffold based on a notion of propagation along the scaffold itself, starting from initial sources of the flow and constructing the scaffold during the propagation. We examine this method specifically in the context of an unorganized cloud of points in 3D, e.g., as obtained from laser range finders, which typically involve hundreds of thousands of points, but the ideas are generalizable to data arising from geometrically described surface patches. The computational bottleneck in the propagation-based scheme is in finding the initial sources of the flow. We thus present several ideas to avoid the unnecessary consideration of pairs of points which cannot possibly form a medial point source, such as the "visibility" of a point from another given a third point and the interaction of clusters of points. An application of using the medial scaffold for the representation of point samplings of real-life objects is also illustrated.
Absorption Measurement of Optical Fiber by Photoacoustic Method (1981)

Optical fibers are good materials for photo-acoustic investigation. First, their very low absorption limits optical measurements and second the Rayleigh diffused light, often greater than absorbed light, appears as a background. In optical communication range (0.8, 1-3 μ m) it is well known that pure absorption is very low and even unmeasurable; nevertheless at other wavelengths such studies by photoacoustic methods are interesting to know the concentration of ions like OH - . On another point of view, if other optical ranges are considered (UV for example) absorption is not negligeable and must be known. But in this case the diffused Rayleigh light is very important (Power varies as λ−4).
Nanomaterials for Quantum Information Science and Engineering (2022)

Quantum information science and engineering (QISE)-which entails the use of quantum mechanical states for information processing, communications, and sensing-and the area of nanoscience and nanotechnology have dominated condensed matter physics and materials science research in the 21st century. Solid-state devices for QISE have, to this point, predominantly been designed with bulk materials as their constituents. This review considers how nanomaterials (i.e., materials with intrinsic quantum confinement) may offer inherent advantages over conventional materials for QISE. The materials challenges for specific types of qubits, along with how emerging nanomaterials may overcome these challenges, are identified. Challenges for and progress toward nanomaterials-based quantum devices are condidered. The overall aim of the review is to help close the gap between the nanotechnology and quantum information communities and inspire research that will lead to next-generation quantum devices for scalable and practical quantum applications.
Photoinitiator-grafted polymer chains for integrating hydrogels with various materials (2021)

Hydrogels are commonly integrated with other materials. In the one-pot synthesis of a hydrogel coating, polymerization, crosslink, and interlink are concurrent. This concurrency, however, is often inapplicable for integrating hydrogels to other materials. For example, a permeable substrate will absorb small molecules in the solution, causing side reactions and even toxicity. Here, we report a method to break the concurrency by using photoinitiator-grafted polymer chains (PGPCs). A type of photoinitiator is copolymerized with various monomers. The PGPCs are uncrosslinked during synthesis, have long shelf lives in dark storage, and can be applied to a substrate by brush, cast, spin, dip, spray, or print. Under ultraviolet light, the polymer chains crosslink into a network and interlink with the substrate. The cured PGPC hydrogels are characterized by mechanical tests. Furthermore, the PGPCs are demonstrated to adhere wet materials, form hydrophilic coatings on hydrophobic substrates, and pattern functional groups on permeable substrates.
Estimating range, velocity, and direction with a radar array (1999)

We present maximum likelihood (ML) methods for active estimation of range (time delay), velocity (Doppler shift), and direction of a point target with a radar array in spatially correlated noise with unknown covariance. We consider structured and unstructured array response models and compute the Cramer-Rao bound (CRB) for the time delay, Doppler shift, and direction of arrival. We derive ambiguity functions for the above models and discuss the relationship between identifiability, ambiguity, and the Fisher information matrix.
Additive effects of acetylcholine released by vagal nerve stimulation on atrial rate (1975)

In reserpinized dogs, the decrease in atrial rate (AR) as a function of the frequency of stimulation (supramaximal strength) of a single vagal nerve can be described satisfactorily by a rectangular hyperbola (RH). If the RH of one vagal nerve has been determined and if one point of the RH of the other vagal nerve is known, then the latter RH can be determined. Both RHs being known and assuming that the acetylcholine released by the right and left vagal nerves is additive, the slowing of AR by simultaneous stimulation of both nerves can be predicted. A minor systematic deviation from the predicted AR during simultaneous stimulation is usually found, which could be accounted for by a time dependent decrease of the effect of vagal nerve stimulation. The results are qualitatively similar during norepinephrine infusion. We propose that, although the vagal innervation may vary from pacemaker cell to pacemaker cell, the ratio of the activities of the two vagal nerves is constant throughout the sinoatrial node.
Quantification ofBifidobacteriumspp.,Escherichia coliandClostridium difficilein faecal samples of breast-fed and formula-fed infants by real-time PCR (2004)

To determine the influence of either exclusive breast-feeding or formula feeding on both composition and quantity of the gut microbiota in infants, we have developed real-time, quantitative PCR assays for the detection of Bifidobacterium spp. and Clostridium difficile. Furthermore, we have monitored the prevalence and counts of Escherichia coli by applying a previously described real-time PCR assay. We found all 100 infants tested to be colonized by Bifidobacterium spp. The bifidobacterial counts were comparable between the 50 breast-fed and 50 formula-fed infants with median values of 10.56 log10 and 10.24 log10 CFU g(-1) wet weight faeces, respectively. C. difficile was detected in 14% of the breast-fed and 30% of the formula-fed infants. In addition, the C. difficile counts were significantly lower in breast-fed infants than in the formula-fed group (median values of 3.28 log10 and 7.43 log10 CFU g(-1), respectively; p=0.03). The prevalence of E. coli in the breast-fed and formula-fed group was 80% and 94%, respectively. Also, the E. coli counts in colonized infants was significantly lower in the breast-fed infants than in the formula-fed group (median values of 9.11 log10 and 9.57 log10 CFU g(-1), respectively; p=0.004). We conclude that the prevalence and counts of C. difficile as well as E. coli are significantly lower in the gut microbiota of breast-fed infants than in that of formula-fed infants, whereas the prevalence and counts of Bifidobacterium spp. is similar among both groups.
Reconfiguration in Shipboard Power Systems (2007)

A shipboard power system is self contained, tightly coupled, and small enough to allow nearly real time state estimation, given the right equivalent circuit representations. Redirecting power flow is the preeminent task of reconfiguration. This redirection should be accomplished in less than two cycles, while never compromising system stability or power delivery to critical loads. These performance objectives can be achieved using equivalent impedance system representations and various optimization procedures, as demonstrated by simulation. Additional issues are addressed concerning proper realization of a reconfigurable power system by incorporating gas turbine status, and due consideration for stable and safe transition between different power system states.
Inhibition of the IGF pathway in metastatic castrate resistant prostate cancer (CRPC): Results from a phase II study of OSI-906 (linsitinib). (2013)

e16022 Background: AR ligand independent pathways are responsible for the development of CRPC. IGF-1R and its ligands (IGF-1/IGF-2) play a key role in regulating growth, resistance to apoptosis, and invasion in PCa. IGF-1R is overexpressed in PCa and mediates resistance to ADT. Linsitinib is a small molecule potent dual inhibitor of IGF-1R and insulin receptor TK activity. To determine the activity of linsitinib in men with CRPC a Simon two-stage phase II study was conducted. Methods: Men with asymptomatic or mildly symptomatic Met CRPC were eligible. ECOG 0-1, adequate organ function, and no prior chemotherapy for CRPC were required. Pts received linsitinib at 150mg orally twice daily on a 28-day cycle. Endpoints included PSA response at 12 wks, safety, RECIST-defined response, time to PSA progression, and OS. Correlative studies explored the impact of linsitinib on AR signaling (androstenedione, DHEA, DHEA-sulfate, p-IGF-1R, p-IR), markers of PD (TGF-b1, IL-6, TNF-a, MCP-1), and CTC and CECs. Results: Eighteen pts were enrolled and completed 12 wks of therapy. Median age 68 (55-78); Median pre-treatment PSA was 55.23 (range 2.46-277.60); 41% of pts had bone-only disease, 29% soft-tissue only and 29% had both. Although transient PSA declines were noted (8/18), seventeen pts discontinued therapy sec PSA progression. RECIST-defined SD was observed in 8 pts. Pts received a median of 3 cycles of therapy (range 2-6+). Most common G1/2 AEs included AST/ALT changes observed in 41 and 18% of patients respectively, fatigue (59%); prolonged QT interval (35%) and nausea/vomiting (35%). No significant change in the number of CTC and CEC counts was observed. An association between pre-treatment PSA and pre-treatment CTC was observed (Spearman r=0.49, p=.04). No correlation between CTC changes and PSA progression was observed .Evaluation of other molecular markers of PD is underway. Conclusions: Treatment with linsitinib is safe however no PCa activity was seen. No changes in CTC/CECs were noted. Markers of PD might help elucidate potential mechanisms of escape to this alternative pathway in CRPC. Linsitinib plus an AA might provide synergistic activity in this setting. Clinical trial information: NCT01533246.