gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
<title>Vibration isolation techniques suitable for portable electronic speckle pattern interferometry</title> (2002)

Electronic Speckle Pattern Interferometry (ESPI) and Digital Shearography are optical interference techniques, suitable for non-destructive inspection procedures. Due to the stringent vibration isolation conditions required for ESPI, the technique is mainly suited for laboratory based inspection procedures, which cannot be said for Digital Shearography. On the other hand, the interference patterns obtained using ESPI exhibit better fringe definition and contrast than those obtained using Digital Shearography. The image quality of Digital Shearography can be improved by introducing phase stepping and unwrapping techniques, but these methods add a level of complexity to the inspection system and reduce the image refresh rate of the overall process. As part of a project to produce a low cost portable ESPI system suitable for industrial applications, this paper investigates various methods of minimizing the impact of environmental vibration on the ESPI technique. This can be achieved by effectively 'freezing' the object movement during the image acquisition process. The methods employed include using a high-powered infra-red laser, which is continuously pulsed using an electronic signal generator as well as a mechanical chopper. The effect of using a variable shutter speed camera in conjunction with custom written software acquisition routines is also studied. The techniques employed are described and are applied to selected samples. The initial results are presented and analyzed. Conclusions are drawn and their impact on the feasibility of a portable ESPI system discussed.
Complex amplitude modulation by use of liquid-crystal spatial light modulators (1997)

We propose to study the conditions for implementation of complex amplitude modulation on standard liquid-crystal spatial light modulators when illuminated by polarized light. The spatial light modulators are used in a conventional configuration, i.e., the voltage is applied parallel to the wave-front propagation direction. The most commonly used liquid-crystal materials are compared and their usefulness in some general applications discussed. Their specificities with respect to different modulation types and application requirements are briefly described. Typical characteristics such as response time, modulation range, and wavelength insensitivity are also discussed. Finally, as an illustration, a first attempt at nomenclature is proposed for the case of a linearly polarized light.
Lentivirus Vectors Incorporating the Immunoglobulin Heavy Chain Enhancer and Matrix Attachment Regions Provide Position-Independent Expression in B Lymphocytes (2003)

In the present studies we developed lentivirus vectors with regulated, consistent transgene expression in B lymphocytes by incorporating the immunoglobulin heavy chain enhancer (E micro ) with and without associated matrix attachment regions (E micro MAR) into lentivirus vectors. Incorporation of these fragments upstream of phosphoglycerate kinase (PGK) or cytomegalovirus promoters resulted in a two- to threefold increase in enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) in B-lymphoid but not T-lymphoid, myeloid, fibroblast, or carcinoma cell lines. A 1-log increase in EGFP expression was observed in B-lymphoid cells (but not myeloid cells) differentiated from human CD34(+) progenitors in vitro transduced with E micro - and E micro MAR-containing lentivectors. Lastly, we evaluated the expression from the E micro MAR element in mice 2 to 24 weeks posttransplant with transduced hematopoietic stem cells. In mice receiving vectors with the E micro and E micro MAR elements upstream of the PGK promoter, there was a 2- to 10-fold increase in EGFP expression in B cells (but not other cell types). Evaluation of the coefficient of variation of expression among different cell types demonstrated that consistent, position-independent transgene expression was observed exclusively in B cells transduced with the E micro MAR-containing vector and not other cells types or vectors. Proviral genomes with the E micro MAR element had increased chromatin accessibility, which likely contributed to the position independence of expression in B lymphocytes. In summary, incorporation of the E micro MAR element in lentivirus vectors resulted in enhanced, position-independent expression in primary B lymphocytes. These vectors provide a useful tool for the study of B-lymphocyte biology and the development of gene therapy for disorders affecting B lymphocytes, such as immune deficiencies.
Solvent Effects on the Crystallization and Preferential Nucleation of Carbamazepine Anhydrous Polymorphs: A Molecular Recognition Perspective (2009)

This contribution reports the effects of molecular recognition events and solubility on the crystallization of carbamazepine (CBZ) polymorphs from organic solvents. Solvents were chosen on the basis of their hydrogen-bonding potential. Experiments were conducted to (1) measure solubilities and induction times, (2) monitor solution concentrations and solid phase compositions, and (3) identify intermolecular interactions between solvents and CBZ molecules. Primitive monoclinic, CBZ(M), and trigonal, CBZ(Trg), carbamazepine anhydrous polymorphs readily crystallized from the organic solvents. CBZ(Trg) is the metastable form at 25 °C with a solubility approximately 1.2 times that of CBZ(M). Results show that relative nucleation rates of CBZ polymorphs are dependent on the hydrogen-bonding nature of the solvent and are not dependent on solubility. Solvents that primarily accept hydrogen bonds (donor-to-acceptor ratio (d/a) = 0) preferentially crystallized CBZ(Trg), whereas solvents that accept and donate hydrogen bonds (d/a > 0.5) concomitantly crystallized CBZ(M) and CBZ(Trg). Evaluation of the crystal structures shows that specific interactions between acceptor solvents and the CBZ dimer led to the prevention of the molecular motif necessary for CBZ(M) nucleation. It is concluded that intermolecular interactions and specifically the hydrogen-bonding propensity of solvents with CBZ molecules have profound effects on the molecular self-assembly and selective crystallization of CBZ polymorphs.
Integrated seismic and borehole geophysical study of the Sudbury Igneous Complex (1994)

Reflection seismic and borehole geophysical data place important constraints on the subsurface geometry of the Sudbury Structure, which is the site of the world's largest Ni‐Cu camp. Seismic reflections can be traced from outcrop within the Sudbury North Range to about 4.5 km depth beneath the center of the Sudbury Basin, where the layer thickens abruptly from 1 to 3 km. Further south the North Range norite can be followed to about 10 km depth beneath the South Range. Borehole studies show systematic variations of p‐ and s‐wave velocity, Poisson's ratio and density within the Igneous Complex. Quartz‐rich granophyre is distinguished from the norite and footwall rocks by relatively low Poisson's ratios (0.20–0.23 versus 0.23–0.25). These changes in physical rock properties define an important subdivision of the Igneous Complex, compatible with a simple model involving differentiation of melted crustal rock into dominantly felsic and mafic components. This study documents the importance of interlayering to the seismic reflection response of the crystalline crust.
Global Evaluative Assessment of Robotic Skills in Endoscopy (GEARS-E): objective assessment tool for master and slave transluminal endoscopic robot (2018)

Results using GEARS-E showed correlations between surgical experience and MASTER ESD. As an assessment tool for evaluation of surgical skills, GEARS-E has great potential for application in MASTER procedures.
EXPRESSION OF iNOS IN ACUTE HUMAN RENAL ALLOGRAFT REJECTION. (1998)

136 Previous studies have demonstrated increased inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) gene transcript expression in rat models of unmodified acute rejection. Furthermore, pulse corticosteroid therapy reduced iNOS mRNA expression and ameliorated rejection in these models. We studied the expression of iNOS in human kidney transplants with acute rejection. Our goal was to determine whether similar up-regulation of iNOS expression occurred in acute rejection of human kidney transplants. Methods. Twenty-four consecutive renal transplant recipients underwent allograft biopsies for acute deterioration of graft function, prior to initiation of pulse steroid therapy. Rejection was defined histologically, and by response to steroid therapy. Using competitive RT-PCR, the biopsies were examined for the presence of iNOS and glyceraldehyde phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) mRNA. The expression of these genes was then compared between patients with acute rejection (AR) and those without. GAPDH expression served as a control for the efficacy of the reverse transcription. Results. Twelve biopsy specimens had AR and 12 had no rejection(NR). The non-rejection group included biopsies diagnosed as cyclosporine nephrotoxicity, preservation injury, and nonspecific changes. The biopsies with acute rejection were graded according to the Banff Classification Criteria, and were found to range in score from 1-3. GAPDH mRNA expression was present in all biopsy specimens. There was no difference in the iNOS/GAPDH mRNA expression between the two groups (7.92×10-5 in the rejection group vs. 5.62×10-5 in the NR group). Furthermore, iNOS mRNA expression was undetectable in 5/12 biopsies from the AR, and 7/12 biopsies from the NR group. There was no correlation between the prescence of iNOS transcripts and the histologic severity of rejection. Conclusions. There is no significant difference in iNOS mRNA expression between human renal transplant biopsies demonstrating acute rejection, and those without. In 5/12 of the AR biopsies iNOS mRNA expression could not be demonstrated. We find that the expression of iNOS transcripts in human renal allograft rejection is dissimilar to that found in unmodified rat renal allograft rejection.
Optical Ethernet—Flexible Optical Metro Networks (2017)

Enhanced flexibility in optical transport networks is a key requirement to support dynamic traffic load in packet-based networks. Today, flexibility is achieved by packet switches linked by static point-to-point transport connections. Wide-stretched synchronization patterns, line coding schemes, and forward error correction (FEC) frames prohibit flexibility right at the transport layer. We introduce a new optical transport concept that combines packet aggregation with a <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">multipoint-to-point</i> line coding and FEC processing. This concept avoids the quadratic full mesh scalability problem of other aggregated switching technologies such as, e.g., wavelength switching. It combines the flexibility of a distributed Ethernet switch and the performance of a leading edge optical transport system.
108-GHz-Bandwidth Compact InP-HBT Baseband Amplifier Module With Integrated DC-Block Functions (2023)

We designed and fabricated a compact and low-cost ultrabroadband amplifier module. The 3-dB-down-cutoff frequency (f3dB) of the module is 108 GHz with direct-current (dc) block functions. The module achieves an output 1 dB compression point (P1dB) of 7.6 dBm at 100 GHz. We also succeeded in validating the linear amplification of a broadband signal of 112-GBd pulse-amplitude-modulation four-level (PAM4). Adapting push-on-type connectors for the interface of the module, we could reduce its size, which is <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$11.8\times 10\times4.3$ </tex-math></inline-formula> mm3, and cost. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on a compact baseband amplifier module that has a bandwidth of over 100 GHz with integrated dc-block functions.
Temperature Dependence and Impedance Characteristics of Hybrid Solar Cells Based on Poly(phenylene vinylene): ZnO Nanoparticles With Added Surfactants (2017)

A recent study has shown that the use of a semiconducting surfactant in hybrid bulk heterojunction solar cells based on poly[2-methoxy-5-(3',7'-dimethyloctyloxyl)-1,4-phenylene vinylene] and zinc oxide significantly increases their performance. To further study the mechanism underlying the improved performance resulting from the addition of a semiconducting surfactant, we compared the temperature and light intensity dependence of the current voltage characteristics and impedance spectra of devices that used no surfactant, an insulating oleic acid (OA) surfactant, or a semiconducting 2-(2-ethylhexyl)-1,3-dioxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-benzo[de]isoquinoline-6,7-dicarboxylic acid (BQ) surfactant. The temperature and light intensity dependence data enabled us to extract the activation energy for different devices, and we measured the junction resistance through impedance spectroscopy. The device that used BQ had significantly lower activation energy (9-12 meV) than that without surfactant or oleic acid (17-21 meV), thus indicating improved charge transport and consequently an increased short-circuit current. Furthermore, the impedance characteristics showed that the injection resistance, when the BQ surfactant was used, was lower than that when no surfactant or oleic acid was used. These experiments provide further evidence that the use of semiconducting surfactants is essential to improve the performance of hybrid bulk heterojunction solar cells.
Bilateral VATS thymectomy in the treatment of myasthenia gravis (2017)

Surgical removal of the thymus is an important tool in the treatment of myasthenia gravis. While there exist a number of different surgical approaches, the optimal thymectomy removes the most amount of thymic tissue in the least invasive manner, allowing for rapid recovery from the procedure and providing the best chance of remission of disease. The purpose of this paper is to review bilateral video-assisted thoracoscopic thymectomy with regard to both relevant anatomy and surgical technique, as well as in comparison to other existing methods of thymectomy in terms of safety, recovery and outcomes. Bilateral video-assisted thoracoscopic thymectomy appears to have improved recovery time and comparable rates of remission to more invasive approaches, though more high-quality long-term outcomes studies are needed.
Biological inorganic chemistry: structure and reactivity (2007)

Introduction and Text Overview - PART A: OVERVIEWS OF BIOLOGICAL INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Bioinorganic Chemistry and the Biogeochemical Cycles - Metal Ions and Proteins: Binding, Stability and Folding - Special Cofactors and Metal Clusters - Transport and Storage of Metal Ions in Biology - Biominerals and Biomineralization - Metals in Medicine - PART B: METAL-ION CONTAINING BIOLOGICAL SYSTEMS - Metal Ion Transport and Storage - Hydrolytic Chemistry - Electron Transfer, Respiration and Photosynthesis - Oxygen Metabolism - Hydrogen, Carbon, Nitrogen, and Sulfur Metabolism - Metalloenzymes with Radical Intermediates - Metal Ion Receptors and Signaling - PART C: TUTORIALS - Tutorial I: Cell Biology, Biochemistry and Evolution - Tutorial II: Fundamentals of Coordination Chemistry - Appendices - Index
Sequencing and Analyses of All Known Human Rhinovirus Genomes Reveal Structure and Evolution (2009)

Infection by human rhinovirus (HRV) is a major cause of upper and lower respiratory tract disease worldwide and displays considerable phenotypic variation. We examined diversity by completing the genome sequences for all known serotypes (n = 99). Superimposition of capsid crystal structure and optimal-energy RNA configurations established alignments and phylogeny. These revealed conserved motifs; clade-specific diversity, including a potential newly identified species (HRV-D); mutations in field isolates; and recombination. In analogy with poliovirus, a hypervariable 5' untranslated region tract may affect virulence. A configuration consistent with nonscanning internal ribosome entry was found in all HRVs and may account for rapid translation. The data density from complete sequences of the reference HRVs provided high resolution for this degree of modeling and serves as a platform for full genome-based epidemiologic studies and antiviral or vaccine development.
Reaction of the Ambident Electrophile Dimethyl Carbonate with the Ambident Nucleophile Phenylhydrazine (2008)

To explore the ambident electrophilic reactivity of dimethyl carbonate (DMC), reactions with the ambident nucleophile phenylhydrazine were investigated. When a Brönsted base was used, selective carboxymethylation occurred at N-1, after that several other compounds were produced selectively utilizing various conditions. Formation of these compounds was explained by using the Hard-Soft Acid-Base (HSAB) theory. Catalysis by some metal salts altered the reactivity of phenylhydrazine, which effected selective carboxymethylation at N-2 of phenylhydrazine instead.
Diagnosis of Left Ventricular Outflow Tract-Right Atrial Shunt Using Color Flow Doppler and Transesophageal Echocardiography (1992)

We report a case of a patient who developed a symptomatic left ventricular to right atrial shunt 5 years after aortic valve replacement for infective endocarditis. Diagnosis of the shunt was made using combined transthoracic and transesophageal echocardiography.
Design and Implementation of Real-Time High-Definition Stereo Matching SoC on FPGA, Computer Engineering (2010)

DI-fusion, le Dépôt institutionnel numérique de l'ULB, est l'outil de référencementde la production scientifique de l'ULB.L'interface de recherche DI-fusion permet de consulter les publications des chercheurs de l'ULB et les thèses qui y ont été défendues.
UHF near-field segmented loop antennas with enlarged interrogation zone (2012)

Near-field radio frequency identification (RFID) technology at ultra high frequency (UHF) bands is of increasingly interest because of its promising opportunities in item-level RFID applications. The conventional single solid-line loop antenna is unable to generate strong and uniform magnetic field within an electrically large interrogation zone at the UHF bands. Segmented loop antennas are promising for UHF near-field RFID applications since they are able to generate uniform and strong magnetic field in an electrically larger interrogation zone. The reported segmented loop antennas have been able to offer an interrogation zone with a perimeter of around two operating wavelengths. In this paper, the segmented loop antennas with enlarged interrogation zone are presented. Using dual or multiple segmented loop configurations, the perimeters of the interrogation zone of the antennas can be larger than three operating wavelengths at the UHF bands.
Multimodal behavior and interaction as indicators of cognitive load (2012)

High cognitive load arises from complex time and safety-critical tasks, for example, mapping out flight paths, monitoring traffic, or even managing nuclear reactors, causing stress, errors, and lowered performance. Over the last five years, our research has focused on using the multimodal interaction paradigm to detect fluctuations in cognitive load in user behavior during system interaction. Cognitive load variations have been found to impact interactive behavior: by monitoring variations in specific modal input features executed in tasks of varying complexity, we gain an understanding of the communicative changes that occur when cognitive load is high. So far, we have identified specific changes in: speech, namely acoustic, prosodic, and linguistic changes; interactive gesture; and digital pen input, both interactive and freeform. As ground-truth measurements, galvanic skin response, subjective, and performance ratings have been used to verify task complexity. The data suggest that it is feasible to use features extracted from behavioral changes in multiple modal inputs as indices of cognitive load. The speech-based indicators of load, based on data collected from user studies in a variety of domains, have shown considerable promise. Scenarios include single-user and team-based tasks; think-aloud and interactive speech; and single-word, reading, and conversational speech, among others. Pen-based cognitive load indices have also been tested with some success, specifically with pen-gesture, handwriting, and freeform pen input, including diagraming. After examining some of the properties of these measurements, we present a multimodal fusion model, which is illustrated with quantitative examples from a case study. The feasibility of employing user input and behavior patterns as indices of cognitive load is supported by experimental evidence. Moreover, symptomatic cues of cognitive load derived from user behavior such as acoustic speech signals, transcribed text, digital pen trajectories of handwriting, and shapes pen, can be supported by well-established theoretical frameworks, including O'Donnell and Eggemeier's workload measurement [1986] Sweller's Cognitive Load Theory [Chandler and Sweller 1991], and Baddeley's model of modal working memory [1992] as well as McKinstry et al.'s [2008] and Rosenbaum's [2005] action dynamics work. The benefit of using this approach to determine the user's cognitive load in real time is that the data can be collected implicitly that is, during day-to-day use of intelligent interactive systems, thus overcomes problems of intrusiveness and increases applicability in real-world environments, while adapting information selection and presentation in a dynamic computer interface with reference to load.
The Protein Lipidation and Its Analysis (2012)

Protein Lipidation is essential not only for membrane binding but also for the interaction with effectors and the regulation of signaling processes, thereby playing a key role in controlling protein localization and function. Cholesterylation, the attachment of the glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchor, as well as N-myristoylation, S-prenylation and S-acylation are among the most relevant protein lipidation processes. Little is still known about the significance of the high diversity in lipid modifications as well as the mechanism by which lipidation controls function and activity of the proteins. Although the development of new strategies to uncover these and other unexplored topics is in great demand, important advances have already been achieved during the last years in the analysis of protein lipidation. This review will highlight the most prominent lipid modifications encountered in proteins and will provide an overview of the existing methods for the analysis and identification of lipid modified proteins.