gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Thermal Lipid Order−Disorder Transitions in Complexes of Various Disulfide Tethered Macrocyclic Diacylglycerol Analogues and Dipalmitoyl Phosphatidyl Choline. Role of Diacylglycerol Chain Motions (2000)

The role of diacylglycerol (DAG) chain motions in binary mixtures of DAG with dipalmitoylphosphatidyl choline (DPPC) has been studied using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The DAGs used in this study were synthesized to have different extents of chain restriction. This was accomplished via tethering of two long hydrocarbon chains by a reducible disulfide bond at different depths in the chain. The disulfide tether provides the advantage of comparing the effect of incorporation of each of these chain restricted DAGs in DPPC vesicles with their reduced analogue, in which the S−S linkage could be opened up to −SH by in situ treatment with a reducing agent, dithiothreitol (DTT). DSC analysis with such mixtures reveals that restriction of chains at different depths in the DAGs lead to very different properties of the overall DPPC/DAG coaggregate. DAGs in which the disulfide tether is located at the middle of the chain have only partial chain restriction. Incorporation of this type of DAG in DPPC destabilizes the resulting vesicles while the end-tethered DAGs upon incorporation in DPPC vesicles lead to stabilization of the coaggregates. Similar studies with the reduced, open-chain analogues reveal that release in chain restriction leads to extra stabilization in the coaggregates.
Ferromagnetic AlGaCrP Films by Ion Implantation (2004)

Ion implantation of Cr at concentrations of 3 and 5 atom % was performed in epi layers grown by gas source molecular beam epitaxy. No second phases were detected by both X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy. Ferromagnetic ordering to 300 K was observed in superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) measurements, comparable to similar samples using Mn as the dopant. As well, calculated saturation moments are found to lower for Cr-implanted materials than Mn-implanted materials. As the Al fraction in the ternary starting material is increased, the saturation moments are found to decrease. Based upon this evidence, Cr does not appear to be an advantageous choice compared to Mn for high-temperature ferromagnetism in AlGaP. © 2004 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.
Temperature dependent electrical characteristics of a junction field effect transistor for cryogenic sub-attoampere charge detection (2019)

Junction field effect transistors (JFET) at cryogenic temperatures can be employed as almost perfect charge detectors with leakage currents of less than 1 aA. The electrical input and output characteristics of the commercial n-channel silicon JFET BF545B is studied as a function of temperature in the range between 30 and 300 K. As long as the charge carrier concentration is constant an increasing drain current is observed for reduced temperatures and low gate voltages. Using a constant mobility model for the device this behaviour can be explained with the higher electron mobility in the source-drain channel. The mobility is found to increase with T−1 at lower temperatures which corresponds to a dopant concentration of 7 ⋅ 1016/cm3. For larger negative gate voltages a source-drain voltage is found at which the drain current is almost temperature independent. As soon as the charge carriers freeze out the input characteristics changes significantly due to the exponential decrease of the carrier concentration. The effective reduction of the gate leakage current is crucial for ultimate sensitive charge detection. Hence, the current is measured through the entire temperature range in an open gate configuration. The leakage current decreases exponentially with lower temperatures across more than six orders of magnitude and reaches values of 10−20 A below 160 K. It is exclusively due to the generation of electron-hole pairs in the depletion layer since the data are in full agreement with the Shockley-Read-Hall model of the generation current.
Predicting the probability of target detection in static infrared and visual scenes using the fuzzy logic approach (1998)

Abstract : The probability of detection (PD) of targets in static infrared and visually cluttered scenes is computed using the Fuzzy Logic Approach (FLA). The FLA is presented as a robust method for the computation and prediction of the PD targets in cluttered scenes. The Mamdani/Assilian, and Sugeno Neurofuzzy-based models have been investigated. A large set of infrared (IR) imagery and a limited set of visual imagery has been used to model the relationships between several input parameters; the contrast, camouflage condition,range, aspect, width and experimental PD. The fuzzy and neuro-fuzzy models gave predicted PD values that had 0.98 correlation to the experimental PD's. The results obtained indicate the robustness of the fuzzy-based modeling techniques and the applicability of the FLA to those types of problems having to do with the modeling of human-in-the-loop target detection in any spectral regime.
Neutrophil extracellular traps in the pathogenesis of equine recurrent uveitis (ERU) (2020)

Equine recurrent uveitis (ERU) is considered one of the most important eye diseases in horses and typically appears with relapsing inflammatory episodes without systemic effects. Various disorders have been described as an initial trigger, including infections. Independent of the initiating cause, there are numerous indications that ERU is an immune-mediated disease. We investigated whether neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are part of the ERU pathogenesis. Therefore, vitreous body fluids (VBF), sera, and histological sections of the eye from ERU-diseased horses were analyzed for the presence of NET markers and compared with horses with healthy eyes. In addition, NET formation by blood derived neutrophils was investigated in the presence of VBF derived from horses with healthy eyes versus ERU-diseased horses using immunofluorescence microscopy. Interestingly, NET markers like free DNA, histone-complexes, and myeloperoxidase were detected in higher amounts in samples from ERU-diseased horses. Furthermore, in vitro NET formation was higher in neutrophils incubated with VBF from diseased horses compared with those animals with healthy eyes. Finally, we characterized the ability of equine cathelicidins to induce NETs, as potential NET inducing factors in ERU-diseased horses. In summary, our findings lead to the hypothesis that ERU-diseased horses develop more NETs and that these may contribute to the pathogenesis of ERU.
A low-cost photovoltaic energy harvesting circuit for portable devices (2011)

This paper presents an efficient solar energy harvesting circuit for mobile phone battery chargers which can also be easily adapted for other mobile devices. The energy harvesting circuit is capable of making Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) and also has a built-in battery protection function. A polycrystalline solar panel which supplies an average of 400mW (under 1 sun solar insolation) of power was selected for use in the proposed circuit. MPPT in the circuit is achieved by using the constant voltage tracking principle which is a non-complex yet highly efficient MPPT control method. It is implemented with purely discrete analog components with ultra-low power consumption. The proposed design is extremely compact and is feasible for commercial applications. The solar energy harvesting circuit consumes less than 330μW of power and achieves an overall efficiency of approximately 80-90%.
Expeditus: Congestion-Aware Load Balancing in Clos Data Center Networks (2017)

Data center networks often use multi-rooted Clos topologies to provide a large number of equal cost paths between two hosts. Thus, load balancing traffic among the paths is important for high performance and low latency. However, it is well known that ECMP-the de facto load balancing scheme-performs poorly in data center networks. The main culprit of ECMP's problems is its congestion agnostic nature, which fundamentally limits its ability to deal with network dynamics. We propose Expeditus, a novel distributed congestion-aware load balancing protocol for general 3-tier Clos networks. The complex 3-tier Clos topologies present significant scalability challenges that make a simple per-path feedback approach infeasible. Expeditus addresses the challenges by using simple local information collection, where a switch only monitors its egress and ingress link loads. It further employs a novel two-stage path selection mechanism to aggregate relevant information across switches and make path selection decisions. Testbed evaluation on Emulab and large-scale ns-3 simulations demonstrate that, Expeditus outperforms ECMP by up to 45% in tail flow completion times (FCT) for mice flows, and by up to 38% in mean FCT for elephant flows in 3-tier Clos networks.
Compositional, dynamic cache management for embedded chip multiprocessors (2008)

This paper proposes a dynamic cache repartitioning technique that enhances compositionality on platforms executing media applications with multiple utilization scenarios. The repartitioning among scenarios requires a cache flush, thus two undesired effects may occur: (1) the execution of critical tasks may be disturbed and (2) a performance penalty is involved. To cope with these effects we propose a method which: (1) determines, at design time, the cache footprint of each task, such that it creates the premises for critical tasks safety, and reduces the amount of required flush, and (2) enforces these footprints and further decreases the flush penalty, at run-time. We implement our dynamic cache management strategy on a CAKE multiprocessor with 4 Trimedia cores. The experimental workload consists of 6 multimedia applications, each of which formed by multiple tasks belonging to an extended MediaBench suite. For the repartitioned cache we found on average that: (1) the relative variations of critical tasks execution time are less than 0.1%, regardless the scenario switching frequency, (2) for realistic scenario switching frequencies the inter-task cache interference is at most 4%, and (3) the off-chip memory traffic reduces with 60%, and the performance (in cycles per instructions) enhances with 10%, when compared with the shared cache.
Regulation by Protein Kinase A Switching of Axonal Pathfinding of Zebrafish Olfactory Sensory Neurons through the Olfactory Placode–Olfactory Bulb Boundary (2002)

Cumulative evidence suggests that neural network formation requires an ingenious regulation of the attractive and repulsive responses of growing axons to guidance cues. We examined the role of intracellular protein kinase A (PKA) signaling in the axonal pathfinding of olfactory sensory neurons in transparent zebrafish embryos. Microinjection of an olfactory marker protein gene promoter-driven double-cassette vector directed the expression of both the dominant form of PKA and green fluorescent protein fused with the microtubule-associated protein tau in the same olfactory neurons. The dominant-negative form of PKA enhanced the turning of olfactory neuron axons in the olfactory placode, whereas the disturbance effect of the constitutively active form on the axonal pathfinding was prominent in the olfactory bulb. Consistently, forskolin treatment severely inhibited the axonal extension in the olfactory bulb, but not in the olfactory placode. These results suggest that the switching of PKA signaling in developing olfactory sensory neurons is important for axonal pathfinding through the boundary between the olfactory placode and the olfactory bulb in vivo. We thus propose that the regulation of PKA signaling plays a key role in the long-distance axonal pathfinding through intermediate guideposts.
Inability of Lyapunov Exponents to Predict Epileptic Seizures (2003)

It has been claimed that Lyapunov exponents computed from electroencephalogram or electrocorticogram (ECoG) time series are useful for early prediction of epileptic seizures. We show, by utilizing a paradigmatic chaotic system, that there are two major obstacles that can fundamentally hinder the predictive power of Lyapunov exponents computed from time series: finite-time statistical fluctuations and noise. A case study with an ECoG signal recorded from a patient with epilepsy is presented.
Rapid graphical method for determining formation constants (1968)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTRapid graphical method for determining formation constantsSherril D. Christian Cite this: J. Chem. Educ. 1968, 45, 11, 713Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1968Publication History Received3 August 2009Published online1 November 1968Published inissue 1 November 1968https://doi.org/10.1021/ed045p713RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views87Altmetric-Citations4LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (2 MB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Adjoint-state method for Hybridizable Discontinuous Galerkin discretization, application to the inverse acoustic wave problem (2020)

In this paper, we perform non-linear minimization using the Hybridizable Discontinuous Galerkin method (HDG) for the discretization of the forward problem, and implement the adjoint-state method for the efficient computation of the functional derivatives. Compared to continuous and discontinuous Galerkin discretizations, HDG reduces the computational cost by using the numerical traces for the global linear system, hence removing the degrees of freedom that are inside the cells. It is particularly attractive for large-scale time-harmonic quantitative inverse problems which make repeated use of the forward discretization as they rely on an iterative minimization procedure. HDG is based upon two levels of linear problems: a global system to find the solution on the boundaries of the cells, followed by local systems to construct the solution inside. This technicality requires a careful derivation of the adjoint-state method, that we address in this paper. We work with the acoustic wave equations in the frequency domain and illustrate with a three-dimensional experiment using partial reflection-data, where we further employ the features of DG-like methods to efficiently handle the topography with p-adaptivity.
The Role Of Metallothioneins In Skeletal Muscle Atrophy (2010)

PURPOSE: Metallothionein (MT) genes are upregulated in response to all atrophic stimuli, but the role of MT proteins in atrophy is unclear. We investigated the effect of MTs on atrophy by comparing the extent of atrophy between primary muscle cells from wild-type (WT) and MT knock-out (MTKO) mice. We also compared these cell lines for proliferation and differentiation. We hypothesized that 1) There would be no difference in proliferation and differentiation between cell types, and 2) MTKO cells would atrophy to a greater extent than WT cells. METHODS: Primary myoblasts were derived from WT and MTKO neonatal mice. Myoblast proliferation was measured by a commercially available assay. Absorbance was measured at 24h intervals up to 96h, and normalized absorbance was compared between genotypes. To measure differentiation, a separate set of myoblasts was induced to form myotubes by culturing in low-serum differentiation medium (DM). Cells were fixed with paraformaldehyde every 24h up to 72h and analyzed for the presence of myosin heavy chain (MHC) using immunocytochemistry (ICC). In a separate experiment, 3d mature myotubes were exposed to either DM with 10uM Dexamethasone (dex) in DMSO to induce atrophy, or DMSO only as a control. After 24h, ICC was performed with an antibody against MHC to visualize myotube area. Cells were imaged using a SPOT camera and myotube diameter was measured using Metavue image analysis software. RESULTS: 1) There were more myoblasts in the WT group than the MTKO group at all time points examined except baseline, suggesting greater proliferation in this genotype (p<0.05). No difference in differentiation was found between genotypes as measured by the number of nuclei within MHC positive regions divided by the total number of nuclei. 2) Contrary to the hypothesis, myotube diameter increased in dex treated WT cells from 14.5um to 18.7um, and in KO cells from 13.8um to 15.7um (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: These data indicate that MTs may have an effect on proliferation, but not on differentiation. Instead of resulting in atrophy, in these primary myotubes, dex treatment resulted in hypertrophy. Supported by a grant from the American College of Sports Medicine (NASA Space Physiology Research Grant Initiative)
Edge-sharing bioctahedral molecules without metal-metal bonds: the d6-d6 complexes bis[.mu.-bis(diphenylphosphino)methane]di-.mu.-halotetrahalodirhodium (halo = chloro, bromo) (1989)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTEdge-sharing bioctahedral molecules without metal-metal bonds: the d6-d6 complexes bis[.mu.-bis(diphenylphosphino)methane]di-.mu.-halotetrahalodirhodium (halo = chloro, bromo)F. Albert Cotton, Kim R. Dunbar, Cassandra T. Eagle, Larry R. Falvello, and Andrew C. PriceCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1989, 28, 9, 1754–1757Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1989Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1989https://doi.org/10.1021/ic00308a031RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views67Altmetric-Citations14LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (540 KB) Get e-AlertsSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Giant magnetoresistance in La1−xSrxMnOz films near room temperature (1994)

We report the observation of giant magnetoresistance near room temperature in ferromagnetic films of La1−xSrxMnOz for 0.16≤x≤0.33. For B=5 T, the maximum magnetoresistance ratio [R(0)−R(B)]/R(0) of an annealed film is 60% at 260 K for x=0.2, and 35% at 330 K for x=0.33. Annealed films have higher Curie temperature (Tc), a larger saturation moment and a larger magnetoresistance effect near Tc than do as-grown films. The temperature dependence of resistivity for all the samples investigated is unusual, activated above Tc and metallic below Tc. This and the giant magnetoresistance are possibly explained by scattering from magnetic polarons which dominate the transport near Tc.
Relative Performance of Propensity Score Matching Strategies for Subgroup Analyses (2018)

Postapproval drug safety studies often use propensity scores (PSs) to adjust for a large number of baseline confounders. These studies may involve examining whether treatment safety varies across subgroups. There are many ways a PS could be used to adjust for confounding in subgroup analyses. These methods have trade-offs that are not well understood. We conducted a plasmode simulation to compare relative performance of 5 methods involving PS matching for subgroup analysis, including methods frequently used in applied literature whose performance has not been previously directly compared. These methods varied as to whether the overall PS, subgroup-specific PS, or no rematching was used in subgroup analysis as well as whether subgroups were fully nested within the main analytical cohort. The evaluated PS subgroup matching methods performed similarly in terms of balance, bias, and precision in 12 simulated scenarios varying size of the cohort, prevalence of exposure and outcome, strength of relationships between baseline covariates and exposure, the true effect within subgroups, and the degree of confounding within subgroups. Each had strengths and limitations with respect to other performance metrics that could inform choice of method.
Cell Free DNA: From the Bench to the Bedside and back to the Bench (2005)

Since its discovery in 1997 by Dennis Lo and colleagues, cell-free fetal DNA in maternal plasma has rapidly become the method of choice for the non-invasive analysis of fetal genetic traits. Indeed, this method has proven to be particularly reliable for the detection of fetal loci completely absent from the maternal genome (almost 100% accuracy), that it is currently used clinically for the determination of fetal sex or Rhesus D status.
Regulation and different functions of the animal microRNA‐induced silencing complex (2021)

Among the different types of small RNAs, microRNAs (miRNAs) are key players in controlling gene expression at the mRNA level. To be active, they must associate with an Argonaute protein to form the miRNA induced silencing complex (miRISC) and binds to specific mRNA through complementarity sequences. The miRISC binding to an mRNA can lead to multiple outcomes, the most frequent being inhibition of the translation and/or deadenylation followed by decapping and mRNA decay. In the last years, several studies described different mechanisms modulating miRISC functions in animals. For instance, the regulation of the Argonaute protein through post-translational modifications can change the miRISC gene regulatory activity as well as modulate its binding to proteins, mRNA targets and miRISC stability. Furthermore, the presence of RNA binding proteins and multiple miRISCs at the targeted mRNA 3' untranslated region (3'UTR) can also affect its function through cooperation or competition mechanisms, underlying the importance of the 3'UTR environment in miRNA-mediated repression. Another way to regulate the miRISC function is by modulation of its interactors, forming different types of miRNA silencing complexes that affect gene regulation differently. It is also reported that the subcellular localization of several components of the miRNA pathway can modulate miRISC function, suggesting an important role for vesicular trafficking in the regulation of this essential silencing complex. This article is categorized under: RNA Interactions with Proteins and Other Molecules > RNA-Protein Complexes Regulatory RNAs/RNAi/Riboswitches > RNAi: Mechanisms of Action Regulatory RNAs/RNAi/Riboswitches > Biogenesis of Effector Small RNAs.