gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Significance of Interferon-γ in HIV-1 Pathogenesis, Therapy, and Prophylaxis (2014)

Interferon-γ (IFNγ) plays various roles in the pathogenesis of HIV/AIDS. In an HIV-1 infected individual, the production of IFNγ is detected as early as the acute phase and continually detected throughout the course of infection. Initially produced to clear the primary infection, IFNγ together with other inflammatory cytokines are involved in establishing a chronic immune activation that exacerbates clinical diseases associated with AIDS. Unlike Type 1 IFNs, IFNγ has no direct antiviral activity against HIV-1 in primary cultures, as supported by the in vivo findings of IFNγ therapy in infected subjects. Results from both in vitro and ex vivo studies show that IFNγ can instead enhance HIV-1 replication and its associated diseases, and therapies aimed at decreasing its production are under consideration. On the other hand, IFNγ has been shown to enhance cytotoxic T lymphocytes and NK cell activities against HIV-1 infected cells. These activities are important in controlling HIV-1 replication in an individual and will most likely play a role in the prophylaxis of an effective vaccine against HIV-1. Additionally, IFNγ has been used in combination with HIV-1 vaccine to augment antiviral immunity. Technological advancements have focused on using IFNγ as a biological marker to analyze the type(s) of immunity generated by candidate HIV vaccines and the levels of immunity restored by anti-retroviral drug therapies or novel immunotherapies. Hence, in addition to its valuable ancillary role as a biological marker for the development of effective HIV-1 prophylactic and therapeutic strategies, IFNγ has a vital role in promoting the pathogenesis of HIV.
A Person and Context Specific Approach for Skin Color Classification (2006)

Skin color is an important feature of faces. Various applications benefit from robust skin color detection. Depending on camera settings, illumination, shadows, people's tans, and ethnic groups skin color looks differently, which is a challenging aspect for detecting it automatically. In this paper, we present an approach that uses a high level vision module to detect an image specific skin color model. This model is then used to adapt parametric skin color classifiers to the processed image. This approach is capable to distinguish skin color from extremely similar colors, such as lip color or eyebrow color. Its high speed and high accuracy make it appropriate for real time applications such as face tracking and recognition of facial expressions
<title>Methodology to study the effect of moisture on refractive index of optical adhesive</title> (2005)

Optical adhesives (index-matching adhesive) serve a means of structural attachment as well as provide an optical path between connecting elements. Optical properties (such as refractive index and birefringence) of these polymeric adhesives are sensitive to environmental factors, which affects optical device performance. Thus this work attempts to develop a methodology to evaluate the impact of moisture on the refractive index of an index-matching adhesive. The return loss method was employed for monitoring the moisture dependence of refractive index of an acylate-based optical adhesive. The test was performed at a wavelength of 1.55 mm. At fixed time intervals, the return loss of the sample were measured with an optical time-domain reflectometer (OTDR) during moisture desorption. The amount of moisture present in the optical adhesive at different time was calculated with the help of desorption data. Thus, a correlation between time, the amount of moisture present and refractive index was obtained. At a constant temperature of 120&deg;C, the refractive index of the adhesive decreases as moisture content increases. However, this decrease was more drastic for small amount of moisture absorbed at -1 x 10<sup>-4</sup> (% moisture content)<sup>-1</sup> compared to -7 x 10<sup>-6</sup> (% moisture content)<sup>-1</sup> when moisture absorption exceeds 10% of the dry sample weight.
Catalytic concepts for the enantioselective synthesis of alpha-amino and alpha-hydroxy phosphonates. (2000)

The enantioselective synthesis of alpha-amino- and alpha-hydroxy phosphonates by catalytic processes has attracted considerable interest in the last few years, not least because of the pharmaceutical interest in such compounds. This article contains a compilation of the asymmetric synthesis methods developed to date. The described synthetic routes are based on different catalytic concepts, namely, hydrogenation, reductions, dihydroxylation, aminohydroxylation, and hydrophosphonylation.
Karriere in der Plastischen und Ästhetischen Chirurgie – Untersuchung zur Habilitation und Professur der Mitglieder der DGPRÄC (2017)

<b>Background</b> Over the last few decades plastic and aesthetic surgery careers aimed at holding a chair as head of the department or clinical director. The current career trend shows a drain of academic teaching staff to peripheral hospitals with sole clinical focus. The achievement of a doctorate in German university medicine or obtaining the venia legendi appears to be the termination of academic careers. This brain drain with loss of expertise and scientific output imposes a problem to future progress in clinical and scientific plastic and reconstructive surgery. The causative role of our present work profile, workload and financial compensation will be discussed in this paper. <b>Methods</b> In order to understand this brain drain, the scientific and clinical developments of all habilitands, Assistant Professors and University Directors enlisted in our specialist society (DGPRAEC) were analyzed. The evaluation included the duration of the residency, the time span from being a specialist physician to habilitation, as well as gaining a leadership position after habilitation. Finally, the current activity of the members at university and non-university institutions was evaluated. <b>Results</b> A total of 1238 members were analyzed. Among these, 177 (14.3 %) members had completed the habilitation. In total, 114 (9.21 %) were included based on full available CVs. Of the listed members, 80 members (6,5 %) had an APL professorship/university professorship in April 2017. 88 CVs showed an average time span of 4.2 years from specialization to habilitation. 80 CVs revealed a 5 year time span to achieve an APL professorship/university professorship. After an average of 4.2 years, leadership positions were held. Of the analyzed habilitations, 60 % were active in peripheral hospitals at the time April 2017. <b>Discussion</b> The loss of scientific and clinical expertise should be prevented in order to preserve academic plastic surgery with focus on patient care, academic education and research. This could be achieved by creating more attractive working conditions.
Expression of Castor LPAT2 Enhances Ricinoleic Acid Content at the sn-2 Position of Triacylglycerols in Lesquerella Seed (2016)

Lesquerella is a potential industrial oilseed crop that makes hydroxy fatty acid (HFA). Unlike castor its seeds are not poisonous but accumulate lesquerolic acid mostly at the sn-1 and sn-3 positions of triacylglycerol (TAG), whereas castor contains ricinoleic acid (18:1OH) at all three positions. To investigate whether lesquerella can be engineered to accumulate HFAs in the sn-2 position, multiple transgenic lines were made that express castor lysophosphatidic acid acyltransferase 2 (RcLPAT2) in the seed. RcLPAT2 increased 18:1OH at the sn-2 position of TAGs from 2% to 14%-17%, which resulted in an increase of tri-HFA-TAGs from 5% to 13%-14%. Our result is the first example of using a LPAT to increase ricinoleic acid at the sn-2 position of seed TAG. This work provides insights to the mechanism of HFA-containing TAG assembly in lesquerella and directs future research to optimize this plant for HFA production.
Numerical simulation for double-roller rolling process with deep-cylinder ring (2013)

Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter Facebook Reddit LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Reprints and Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation Qian Dong-sheng, Guo Jun, Hua Lin; Numerical simulation for double-roller rolling process with deep-cylinder ring. AIP Conf. Proc. 17 May 2013; 1532 (1): 381–387. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4806850 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAIP Publishing PortfolioAIP Conference Proceedings Search Advanced Search |Citation Search
Comparison of Four Comamonas Catabolic Plasmids Reveals the Evolution of pBHB To Catabolize Haloaromatics (2015)

Comamonas plasmids play important roles in shaping the phenotypes of their hosts and the adaptation of these hosts to changing environments, and understanding the evolutionary strategy of these plasmids is thus of great concern. In this study, the sequence of the 119-kb 3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxybenzonitrile-catabolizing plasmid pBHB from Comamonas sp. strain 7D-2 was studied and compared with those of three other Comamonas haloaromatic catabolic plasmids. Incompatibility group determination based on a phylogenetic analysis of 24 backbone gene proteins, as well as TrfA, revealed that these four plasmids all belong to the IncP-1β subgroup. Comparison of the four plasmids revealed a conserved backbone region and diverse genetic-load regions. The four plasmids share a core genome consisting of 40 genes (>50% similarities) and contain 12 to 50 unique genes each, most of which are xenobiotic-catabolic genes. Two functional reductive dehalogenase gene clusters are specifically located on pBHB, showing distinctive evolution of pBHB for haloaromatics. The higher catabolic ability of the bhbA2B2 cluster than the bhbAB cluster may be due to the transcription levels and the character of the dehalogenase gene itself rather than that of its extracytoplasmic binding receptor gene. The plasmid pBHB is riddled with transposons and insertion sequence (IS) elements, and ISs play important roles in the evolution of pBHB. The analysis of the origin of the bhb genes on pBHB suggested that these accessory genes evolved independently. Our work provides insights into the evolutionary strategies of Comamonas plasmids, especially into the adaptation mechanism employed by pBHB for haloaromatics.
Semifragile Speech Watermarking Based on Least Significant Bit Replacement of Line Spectral Frequencies (2017)

There are various techniques for speech watermarking based on modifying the linear prediction coefficients (LPCs); however, the estimated and modified LPCs vary from each other even without attacks. Because line spectral frequency (LSF) has less sensitivity to watermarking than LPC, watermark bits are embedded into the maximum number of LSFs by applying the least significant bit replacement (LSBR) method. To reduce the differences between estimated and modified LPCs, a checking loop is added to minimize the watermark extraction error. Experimental results show that the proposed semifragile speech watermarking method can provide high imperceptibility and that any manipulation of the watermark signal destroys the watermark bits since manipulation changes it to a random stream of bits.
Evidence-based guideline recommendations on multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging in the diagnosis of prostate cancer: A Cancer Care Ontario clinical practice guideline (2017)

This clinical guideline focuses on: 1) the use of multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) in diagnosing clinically significant prostate cancer (CSPC) in patients with an elevated risk of CSPC and who are biopsy-naïve; and 2) the use of mpMRI in diagnosing CSPC in patients with a persistently elevated risk of having CSPC and who have a negative transrectal ultrasound (TRUS)-guided systematic biopsy. The methods of the Practice Guideline Development Cycle were used. MEDLINE, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library (1997‒April 2014), main guideline websites, and relevant annual meeting abstracts (2011‒2014) were searched. Internal and external reviews were conducted. The two main recommendations are: <i>Recommendation 1:</i> In patients with an elevated risk of CSPC (according to prostate-specific antigen [PSA] levels and/or nomograms) who are biopsy-naïve: mpMRI followed by targeted biopsy (biopsy directed at cancer-suspicious foci detected with mpMRI) should not be considered the standard of care.Data from future research studies are essential and should receive high-impact trial funding to determine the value of mpMRI in this clinical context.<i>Recommendation 2</i>: In patients who had a prior negative TRUS-guided systematic biopsy and demonstrate an increasing risk of having CSPC since prior biopsy (e.g., continued rise in PSA and/or change in findings from digital rectal examination): mpMRI followed by targeted biopsy may be considered to help in detecting more CSPC patients compared with repeated TRUS-guided systematic biopsy.
Adventures in Space and Time: Browsing Personal Collections of Geo-Referenced Digital Photographs (2004)

We evaluate two novel applications for browsing personal collections of geo-referenced digital photographs. The first, PhotoCompas, is a browser that employs no graphical user interface elements other than the photos themselves (tex-tual browser). PhotoCompas was developed in our project, and is based on an automated organization of the respective photo collection into clustered locations and events. The second application, WWMX, features a richly visual inter-face, which includes a map and a timeline. WWMX is a third party implementation. We conducted a user study, where subjects performed tasks over their own geo-referenced photo collections. We found that even though the partici-pants enjoyed the visual richness of the map browser, they surprisingly performed as well with the textual browser as with the richer visual alternative. This result argues for a hybrid approach, but it also encourages textual user inter-face designs where maps are not a good choice. For example, maps are of limited feasibility on handheld devices, which are candidates for replacing the traditional photo wallet.
Magnesium in acute myocardial infarction (1995)

Magnesium in acute myocardial infarctionISIS 4 provides no groundsfor its routine use Clinical investigators have long pursued the elusive dream of finding a cheap, safe treatment that reduces mortality and morbidity in a common condition.Many investigators had hoped that magnesium given intravenously to patients with acute myocardial infarction might be such a treatment.Were they justified?Small trials reporting the use of magnesium in acute myocardial infarction have been reported intermittently for 20 years.The rationale for these studies came partly from observations of differences in heart attack rates associated with geographical variations in magnesium in the water supply and partly from laboratory studies showing that magnesium had cardioprotective effects during ischaemia and that myocardial magnesium concentrations were relatively low during acute ischaemia.' Research on animals has shown that magnesium is a peripheral and coronary vasodilator, has antiarrhythmic effects, decreases reperfusion injury, and has antiplatelet effects in some species.'The clinical importance of these findings is, however, still uncertain.Experimental studies often do not have the same rigorous design, conduct, and analysis that are now expected from clinical research.Few experimental studies are randomised or blinded.Further- more, publication bias is likely, with positive results being more likely to be reported than negative ones-especially when the subject is a relatively new hypothesis.An informal review of the results of the early clinical trials in acute myocardial infarction indicated a trend towards a lower mortality with intravenous magnesium, with this
Micro-to-Nano Biomechanical Modeling for Assisted Biological Cell Injection (2013)

To facilitate training of biological cell injection operations, we are developing an interactive virtual environment to simulate needle insertion into biological cells. This paper presents methodologies for dynamic modeling, visual/haptic display, and model validation of cell injection. We first investigate the challenging issues in the modeling of the biomechanical properties of living cells. We propose two dynamic models to simulate cell deformation and puncture. The first approach is based on the assumptions that the mechanical response of living cells is mainly determined by the cytoskeleton and that the cytoskeleton is organized as a tensegrity structure including microfilaments, microtubules, and intermediate filaments. Equivalent microtubules struts are represented with a linear mass-tensor finite-element model and equivalent microfilaments and intermediate filaments with viscoelastic Kelvin-Voigt elements. The second modeling method assumes the overall cell as an homogeneous hyperelastic model (St, Venant-Kirchhoff). Both graphic and haptic rendering are provided in real time to the operator through a 3-D virtual environment. Simulated responses are compared to experimental data to show the effectiveness of the proposed physically based model.
Blockade of Glycosylation Promotes Acquistion of Scrapie-like Properties by the Prion Protein in Cultured Cells (1997)

The conformational conversion of the prion protein, a sialoglycoprotein containing two N-linked oligosaccharide chains, from its normal form (PrPC) to a pathogenic form (PrPSc) is the central causative event in prion diseases. Although PrPSc can be generated in the absence of glycosylation, there is evidence that oligosaccharide chains may modulate the efficiency of the conversion process, and may also serve as molecular markers of diverse prion strains. In addition, mutational inactivation of one of the N-glycosylation sites has recently been associated with a familial spongiform encephalopathy. To investigate the role of N-glycans in determining the properties of PrP, we have expressed in transfected Chinese hamster ovary cells mouse PrP molecules in which N-glycosylation has been blocked either by treatment with the drug tunicamycin, or by substitution of alanine for threonine at one or both of the N-X-T consensus sites. We report that PrP molecules mutated at Thr182 alone or at both Thr182 and Thr198 [corrected] fail to reach the cell surface after synthesis, but that those mutated at Thr198 [corrected] or synthesized in the presence of tunicamycin can be detected on the plasma membrane. We also find that all three mutant PrPs, and to a limited extent wild-type PrP synthesized in the presence of inhibitor, acquire biochemical attributes reminiscent of PrPSc. We suggest that the PrP molecule has an intrinsic tendency to acquire some PrPSc-like properties, and that N-glycan chains protect against this change. However, pathogenic mutations, or presumably contact with exogenous prions, are necessary to fully convert the protein to a PrPSc state.
ES cell differentiation system recapitulates the establishment of imprinted gene expression in a cell-type-specific manner (2011)

Genomic imprinting is a phenomenon whereby monoallelic gene expression occurs in a parent-of-origin-specific manner. A subset of imprinted genes acquires a tissue-specific imprinted status during the course of tissue development, and this process can be analyzed by means of an in vitro differentiation system utilizing embryonic stem (ES) cells. In neurons, the gene Ube3a is expressed from the maternal allele only, and a paternally expressed non-coding, antisense RNA has been implicated in the imprinting process in mice and humans. Here, to study the genomic imprinting mechanism, we established F1 hybrid ES cells derived from two sub-species of Mus musculus and established an in vitro neuronal differentiation system in which neuron-specific imprinting of Ube3a was recapitulated. With this system, we revealed that the switch from biallelic expression to maternal, monoallelic expression of Ube3a occurs late in neuronal development, during the neurite outgrowth period, and that the expression of endogenous antisense transcript from the Ube3a locus is up-regulated several hundred-fold during the same period. Our results suggest that evaluation of the quality of ES cells by studying their differentiation in vitro should include evaluation of epigenetic aspects, such as a comparison with the genomic imprinting status found in tissues in vivo, in addition to the evaluation of differentiation gene markers and morphology. Our F1 hybrid ES cells and in vitro differentiation system will allow researchers to investigate complex end-points such as neuron-specific genomic imprinting, and our F1 hybrid ES cells are a useful resource for other tissue-specific genomic imprinting and epigenetic analyses.
UAV Aeroelastic Control Using Redundant Micro-Actuators (2003)

The investigation of trailing edge micro-actuators for aeroelastic control of uninhabited air vehicles (UAVs) has ranged from examining the fundamental aerodynamic effects to demonstrating flutter suppression of a flexible wing. The applicability of aerodynamic prediction methods including CFD and panel methods has been studied. Several generations of actuator concepts have been developed and characterized. Wind tunnel experiments have been completed on a rigid wing to determine the aerodynamic performance of the various actuator concepts including the effects of deflection pattern and rate. Unsteady wind tunnel investigations with Particle Image Velocimetry have been completed to gain insight into the flow physics. An elastically scaled flexible wind tunnel model was fabricated, instrumented, and equipped with several actuators. Active flutter suppression of the flexible model was accomplished using the micro-actuators. This report summarizes the completed research program and highlights potential areas for further investigation.
Overexpression of the genes PDC1 and ADH1 activates glycerol conversion to ethanol in the thermotolerant yeast Ogataea (Hansenula) polymorpha (2016)

Conversion of byproduct from biodiesel production glycerol to high-value compounds is of great importance. Ethanol is considered a promising product of glycerol bioconversion. The methylotrophic thermotolerant yeast Ogataea (Hansenula) polymorpha is of great interest for this purpose as the glycerol byproduct contains methanol and heavy metals as contaminants, and this yeast utilizes methanol and is relatively resistant to heavy metals. Besides, O. polymorpha shows robust growth on glycerol and produces ethanol from various carbon sources. The thermotolerance of this yeast is an additional advantage, allowing increased fermentation temperature to 45-48 °C, leading to increased rate of the fermentation process and a fall in the cost of distillation. The wild-type strain of O. polymorpha produces insignificant amounts of ethanol from glycerol (0.8 g/l). Overexpression of PDC1 coding for pyruvate decarboxylase enhanced ethanol production up to 3.1 g/l, whereas simultaneous overexpression of PDC1 and ADH1 (coding for alcohol dehydrogenase) led to further increase in ethanol production from glycerol. Moreover, the increased temperature of fermentation up to 45 °C stimulated the production of ethanol from glycerol used as the only carbon source up to 5.0 g/l, which exceeds the data obtained by methylotrophic yeast strains reported so far. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.