gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Yeast culture supplement during nursing and transport affects immunity and intestinal microbial ecology of weanling pigs1,2 (2011)

The objectives of this study were to determine the influence of a Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermentation product on innate immunity and intestinal microbial ecology after weaning and transport stress. In a randomized complete block design, before weaning and in a split-plot analysis of a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement of yeast culture (YY) and transport (TT) after weaning, 3-d-old pigs (n = 108) were randomly assigned within litter (block) to either a control (NY, milk only) or yeast culture diet (YY; delivered in milk to provide 0.1 g of yeast culture product/kg of BW) from d 4 to 21. At weaning (d 21), randomly, one-half of the NY and YY pigs were assigned to a 6-h transport (NY-TT and YY-TT) before being moved to nursery housing, and the other one-half were moved directly to nursery housing (NY-NT and YY-NT, where NT is no transport). The yeast treatment was a 0.2% S. cerevisiae fermentation product and the control treatment was a 0.2% grain blank in feed for 2 wk. On d 1 before transport and on d 1, 4, 7, and 14 after transport, blood was collected for leukocyte assays, and mesenteric lymph node, jejunal, and ileal tissue, and jejunal, ileal, and cecal contents were collected for Toll-like receptor expression (TLR); enumeration of Escherichia coli, total coliforms, and lactobacilli; detection of Salmonella; and microbial analysis. After weaning, a yeast × transport interaction for ADG was seen (P = 0.05). Transport affected (P = 0.09) ADFI after weaning. Yeast treatment decreased hematocrit (P = 0.04). A yeast × transport interaction was found for counts of white blood cells (P = 0.01) and neutrophils (P = 0.02) and for the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (P = 0.02). Monocyte counts revealed a transport (P = 0.01) effect. Interactions of yeast × transport (P = 0.001) and yeast × transport × day (P = 0.09) for TLR2 and yeast × transport (P = 0.08) for TLR4 expression in the mesenteric lymph node were detected. Day affected lactobacilli, total coliform, and E. coli counts. More pigs were positive for Salmonella on d 7 and 14 than on d 4, and more YY-TT pigs were positive (P = 0.07) on d 4. The number of bands for microbial amplicons in the ileum was greater for pigs in the control treatment than in the yeast treatment on d 0, and this number tended to decrease (P = 0.066) between d 1 and 14 for all pigs. Similarity coefficients for jejunal contents were greater (P = 0.03) for pigs fed NY than for those fed YY, but pigs fed YY had greater similarity coefficients for ileal (P = 0.001) and cecal (P = 0.058) contents. The number of yeast × transport × day interactions demonstrates the complexity of the stress and dietary relationship.
ChemInform Abstract: Stereochemical Factors Associated with the Rearrangement of (2‐Ethyl‐1‐azabuta‐1,3‐diene)tricarbonyliron(0) Complexes. (1999)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Parallel Multigrid Methods on Sparse Grids (1991)

This paper deals with multigrid methods on two-dimensional sparse grids and their vectorization. First we will introduce sparse grids and discuss briefly their properties. Sparse grids contain only O(n ld n) grid points in contrast to the usually used O(n2)-grids whereas, for a sufficiently smooth function, the accuracy of the representation is only slightly deteriorated from O(n−2) to O(n−2 ld n). We sketch the main features of a multigrid method that works on these sparse grids and discuss its vectorization and parallelization aspects. Additionally, we present the results of numerical experiments for an implementation of this algorithm on the CRAY-Y-MP.
Abstract P011: ST2 As A Risk Predictor For Cardiovascular Disease, Heart Failure And Mortality In The Prospective Finrisk97 Population Cohort (2014)

Introduction: ST2 is a receptor for the inflammatory cytokine IL33. The ST2-IL33 pathway has been associated with development of atherosclerosis and coronary artery disease in humans although the mechanism is not fully established. Increased ST2 levels have been associated with heart failure and death in patients with acute myocardial infarction and in the general population where it has also been associated with diabetes. We hypothesized that ST2 levels can identify people in the general population with elevated risk of subsequent cardiovascular disease (CVD) and add to existing risk prediction algorithms. Methods: We measured high sensitivity soluble ST2 (Presage) in 7,551 men and women (25-74 years) from the FINRISK97 prospective population cohort. Cox proportional hazards modeling using age as the time scale evaluated the ability of sST2 to predict cardiovascular endpoints including fatal and non-fatal cardiovascular disease (coronary heart disease, stroke, heart failure), incident diabetes and death over 14 years follow up. Missing data (~10%) was multiply imputed and participants with prevalent disease at baseline were excluded for corresponding endpoints of disease. Discrimination and reclassification statistics (c-index, NRI) for 10 year absolute risks were calculated with internal (10-fold) cross validation to compare the ability of ST2 to improve upon Framingham risk factors, N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NTProBNP) and renal function (eGFR), established markers of CVD risk. Results: sST2 concentrations significantly predicted all-cause death (hazard ratio (HR) comparing the highest quartile with the lowest was 1.28 95% confidence interval (C.I.) 1.04-1.57 (1024 events), major adverse cardiac events (MACE) (HR 1.22 (95% C.I. 1.001-1.49) (1068 events) and stroke (1.44 (95% C.I. 0.99-2.1) (370 events) after adjustment for Framingham risk factors, NTProBNP and eGFR. sST2 showed suggestive but non-significant association with heart failure (HR 1.21 (95% C.I. 0.92-1.58) (577 events) after similar adjustment. Similarly, sST2 showed a trend toward elevated but non-significant risk for diabetes (HR 1.14 (95% C.I. 0.87-1.49) (377 events) after adjustment for age, area, sex, smoking, systolic blood pressure, antihypertensive medication, glucose and prevalent CVD. No improvement in the c-index was observed for models adding sST2 to Framingham and other risk factors. Clinical NRI was improved in fully adjusted models for death 9% ( p =1x10 -6 ) and stroke 4% ( p =0.028) with reclassification benefit mainly for non-cases. IDI was improved for MACE ( p =0.02) and stroke ( p =0.02). Conclusions: In a healthy general population from Finland (FINRISK97), sST2 improves prediction of death, MACE and stroke beyond Framingham covariates, NTProBNP and eGFR but does not improve prediction of heart failure.
[Antifibrillatory activity of dipeptide antagonist of nerve growth factor]. (2012)

In experiments on anesthetized rats were assessed antifibrillatoty action of dipeptide GK-1. This compound is the fragment of fourth loop of nerve growth factor (NGF) and manifests antagonistic activity in respect to TrkA receptor, that specified for NGF. It is shown that this compound is able to significantly increase the threshold of electrical fibrillation of the heart and its effectiveness is not inferior to the reference antiarrhythmics I and III class on Vaughan Williams classification. However, unlike the latter, antifibrillatory action of dipeptide GK-1 was delayed and realized within 40-60 minutes after its administration. It is discussed possible mechanisms underlying antifibrillatory action of dipeptide GK-1, that, to some extent, may be associated with its ability to change the reactivity of beta-adrenergic structures of the heart.
Robust and secure beamformer design for MIMO relaying with imperfect eavesdropper CSI (2016)

This paper presents a computationally efficient beamforming approach to combat wiretapping in a relay-based multiple-input multiple output (MIMO) communication system which is part of a cognitive radio (CR) network. The system operates in two stages, that is, multiple-access (MA) followed by broadcasting (BC) using physical layer network coding (PNC). The beamforming design is based on minimizing the mean square error (MSE) at the receiving node(s) while enforcing signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) constraints at the eavesdroppers. The constraints take into account uncertainty bounds on eavesdropper channel estimation errors. In each stage of communication, an optimization problem is devised and solved using an iterative procedure, considering two different types of eavesdropper functionality, i.e., selection combining and “blind” beamforming. Numerical results show the convergence of the MSE at the nodes and the SINR distributions at the eavesdroppers for both cases. Comparisons to previously suggested solutions for blind beamforming are also included showing improvements in MSE values in the MA stage and computational efficiency in both stages.
Diffusion and clearance of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles infused into the rat striatum studied by MRI and histochemical techniques (2010)

The purpose of the present study was to investigate, by MRI and histochemical techniques, the diffusion and clearance abilities of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPION) coated with dextran (Dextran-SPION) and gold (Au-SPION) following their local infusions into the rat brain. In separate groups of anesthetized rats, the Dextran-SPION and Au-SPION were infused at concentrations of 0.01, 0.1, 1 and 5 µg Fe/0.5 µl and at the flow rate of 0.5 µl min(-1) into the left and right striata, respectively. Repetitive T2-weighted spin-echo MRI scans were performed at time intervals of 1, 6, 12, 24, 48, 72 h, and one, two and eight weeks after inoculation. Following infusion of Dextran-SPION (0.1 µg and 1 µg Fe), the maximal distribution volume was observed at about 12-24 h after inoculation and two weeks later the Fe signals were undetectable for the lower dose. On the other hand, Au-SPION remained tightly localized in the closest vicinity of the infusion site as revealed by unchanged MRI signal intensities and strong histochemical staining of Fe(2+) and Fe(3+) ions in the corresponding brain slices. Immunohistochemical staining of astrocytic and microglial reactions revealed that there were no marked differences in GFAP, VIM or OX-42 labeling observed between the nanoparticle types, however the astrocytic reaction was more pronounced in rats receiving nanoparticles compared to the control (aCSF-infused) rats. In conclusion, the present data demonstrate that the viral-sized Dextran-SPION were able to diffuse freely through the interstitial space of the brain being progressively cleared out from the infusion site within two weeks. Thus, Dextran-SPION could be beneficially used in MRI-guided diagnostic applications such as in experimental oncology or as labels and carriers for targeted drug delivery, whereas Au-SPION could be used for labeling and tracking the transplanted stem cells in experimental MRI.
A method for fabricating silicon quantum wires based on SiGe/Si heterostructure (1996)

A method for fabricating silicon quantum wires with SiO2 boundaries is presented. It is accomplished by first growing Si/SiGe/Si heterostructure on silicon substrate with very low-pressure chemical vapor deposition, followed by lithography and reactive ion etching to form trench structures. Finally, the selective chemical etching of SiGe over silicon and subsequent thermal oxidation are carried out to generate expected silicon quantum wires. The result observed is demonstrated using scanning electron microscopy. Furthermore, the thermal oxidation characteristics of the silicon wires are investigated. The present method provides a well-controllable way to fabricate silicon quantum wires and is fully compatible with silicon microelectronic technology.
Healthy effects of prebiotics and their metabolites against intestinal diseases and colorectal cancer (2015)

A specific group of plant and animal oligosaccharides does not suffer enzymatic digestion in the human upper intestinal tract, achieving the colon microbial ecosystem in intact form. The reason for that is their diverse glycosidic bond structure, in comparison with common energetic polysaccharides as starch or glycogen. In this complex ecosystem, these molecules serve as energy sources, via fermentation, of distinctive beneficial bacterial groups, mainly belonging to the <em>Anaerostipes, Bifidobacterium</em>, <em>Coprococcus, Faecalibacterium, Lactobacillus, Roseburia</em> and other genera. The main catabolic products of these fermentations are short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) as acetate, propionate and butyrate, which appear in high concentrations in the lumen around the colon mucosa. Acetate and propionate are associated to energetic purposes for enterocytes, hepatocytes and other cells. Butyrate is the preferred energy source for colonocytes where it controls their cell cycle; butyrate is able to induce cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in tumor colonocytes. These oligosaccharides that increase beneficial colon bacterial populations and induce SCFA production in this ecosystem are called prebiotics. Here, different sources and chemical structures for prebiotics are described, as well as their modulatory effect on the growth of specific probiotic bacterial groups in the colon, and how their fermentation renders diverse SCFA, with beneficial effects in gut health.
Placement algorithms for hierarchical cooperative caching and other location problems (1999)

In a large-scale information system, such as a digital library or the world wide web, a set of distributed caches can improve their effectiveness by cooperating with one another, both in serving each other's requests as well as in deciding what to store. This dissertation explores the potential of such cooperative caching, and provides basic placement algorithms using which the caches can coordinate their storage decisions. 
The first part of the dissertation focuses on variants of the placement problem involving a single object. The most well-known of these variants are the facility location problems, which have received considerable attention in the operations research literature due to their widespread applicability. We prove that a simple local search heuristic, proposed about 25 years ago, yields polynomial-time constant-factor approximations for several metric facility location problems. 
The second part of the dissertation addresses the simultaneous placement of a collection of objects in hierarchical networks. We provide both exact and approximate polynomial-time algorithms for this hierarchical placement problem. Our exact algorithm is based on a reduction to min-cost flow, and does not appear to be practical for large problem sizes. Hence we are motivated to look for simpler approximate algorithms. Our main result is a simple constant-factor approximation algorithm that admits an efficient distributed implementation. 
The third and final part of the dissertation describes our simulation experiments which were performed to ascertain the practical potential of cooperative caching, and to investigate the practical performance of various placement and replacement algorithms. Driven by both synthetic and web-trace workloads, these experiments compare several traditional as well as novel caching algorithms. They demonstrate that cooperation improves performance significantly, especially when the cache sizes are small. More surprisingly, the experiments show that our amortizing algorithm yields placements that are extremely close, within 5%, to the optimal when the access patterns are stable. We also examine hybrid strategies to cope with changing access patterns.
Measure-Valued Spline Curves: An Optimal Transport Viewpoint (2018)

The aim of this article is to introduce and address the problem to smoothly interpolate (empirical) probability measures. To this end, we lift the concept of a spline curve from the setting of points in a Euclidean space to that of probability measures, using the framework of optimal transport.
ARID1B, a member of the human SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complex, exhibits tumour-suppressor activities in pancreatic cancer cell lines (2013)

The results therefore suggest a possible tumour-suppressor function for ARID1B in PaCa, thus adding to the growing list of SWI/SNF components with a similar function. Given the urgent need to design efficient targeted therapies for PaCa, our study assumes significance.
Dynallax: Solid State Dynamic Parallax Barrier Autostereoscopic VR Display (2007)

A novel barrier strip autostereoscopic (AS) display is demonstrated using a solid-state dynamic parallax barrier. A dynamic barrier mitigates restrictions inherent in static barrier systems such as fixed view distance range, slow response to head movements, and fixed stereo operating mode. By dynamically varying barrier parameters in real time, viewers may move closer to the display and move faster laterally than with a static barrier system. Furthermore, users can switch between 3D and 2D modes by disabling the barrier. Dynallax is head-tracked, directing view channels to positions in space reported by a tracking system in real time. Such head-tracked parallax barrier systems have traditionally supported only a single viewer, but by varying the barrier period to eliminate conflicts between viewers, Dynallax presents four independent eye channels when two viewers are present. Each viewer receives an independent pair of left and right eye perspective views based on their position in 3D space. The display device is constructed using a dual-stacked LCD monitor where a dynamic barrier is rendered on the front display and the rear display produces a modulated VR scene composed of two or four channels. A small-scale head-tracked prototype VR system is demonstrated.
In-line polarizer used in all-0°-splice resonator fiber-optic gyro (2013)

A method to suppress the polarization-fluctuation-induced drift in a resonator fiber-optic gyro is proposed in this paper. By inserting one in-line polarizer whose polarization extinction ratio is 30 dB into a polarization-maintaining fiber resonator with 0° polarization-axis splices, the unwanted resonance is introduced to high loss and therefore the ratio of the resonance height of the desired eigen-states of polarization (ESOP) to the unwanted ESOP is 74 dB theoretically; thus the polarization-fluctuation-induced drift is adequately suppressed. The new scheme has excellent operability and high temperature stability simultaneously. Compared to the resonator with twin 90° polarization-axis rotated splices, this scheme does not need precise length difference control. This work is of great importance in the research on resonator integrated optic gyros.
IgE antibodies in relation to prevalence and multimorbidity of eczema, asthma, and rhinitis from birth to adolescence (2015)

Specific IgE is strongly associated with eczema and allergic multimorbidity throughout childhood and with asthma and rhinitis from age 4 years. However, 23% of the children with IgE sensitization do not develop any disease in childhood.
Comparison of robotic single site cholecystectomy and conventional laparoscopic cholecystectomy using propensity score matching (2023)

Background: Robotic single site cholecystectomy (RSSC) has become an established alternative to conventional laparoscopic cholecystectomy (CRC) or single site laparoscopic cholecystectomy by maximizing cosmesis results and overcoming the intrinsic limitations of single-incision laparoscopy.Although the robotic single site technology using DaVinci Xi is non-wristed and, unlike other conventional robotic instruments, only provides rotation, the ergonomics are nevertheless excellent.Therefore, the objective of this study is to present our initial experience in RSSC and compare the result of CRC using propensity score matching (PSM).Methods: From January 2019 to December 2022, 588 consecutive patients underwent RSSC or CLC at Dong-A University Hospital, Busan, Korea.For correcting selection bias, the PSM analysis was adapted.After 1:1 PSM, 117 patients for each group were selected for the retrospective study.Results: There were significant differences in Sex, Age, BMI, ASA, Pre-operative diagnosis, previous abdominal surgery, the difficulty of surgery (adhesion, thickening, fibrosis) before PSM matching (p < 0.01).Comparing the surgical outcomes with 1:1 matched data, only operative time (CRC: 29.15 ± 11.45 min, RSSC: 38.57± 12.59 min, p < 0.001) showed a significant difference between the two groups.However, open conversion (p = 0.32), hospital stay (p = 0.72), POD #1 pain score (p = 0.24) and post-operative complications (p = 0.36) showed no differences.Conclusions: Statistically, there is a significant difference in operating time between two groups, but it is a sufficiently acceptable difference in clinical practice.Consequently, RSSC for benign gallbladder disease may serve as an excellent alternative to conventional laparoscopic with the good cosmesis result and similar surgical outcomes.
Frequency of Hsa-miR9 aberrant methylation in metastatic breast cancers. (2012)

e21092 Background: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a recently discovered class of very small non-coding RNAs involved in the regulation of gene expression by interfereing with mRNA translation. It has been shown that human miR-9 expression levels are reduced in breast cancer samples due to the aberrant methylation of its promoter region . Methods: We analyzed74breast cancer cases treated by surgery at the IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo (FG), Italy. Pathological assessment included evaluation of histological type, grade and stage. Estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PgR), Ki-67 labeling index and Her2 amplification were also evaluated. Six of the 74 patients showed metastases at the diagnosis, and 8 patients developed metastases during the follow up. The median follow up time for the patients cohort was 44 months (range 28-57+). All metastatic patients (n=14) died from the disease. Genomic DNA extracted from 6 normal breast tissues obtained by reductive mammoplasty, and tumour samples was subjected to bisulphite treatment and the converted DNA was used as a template for MSP using primers specific for the methylated hsa-miR9 sequence. Results: Methylation at the hsa-miR9 promoter region was detected in 33 of 74 (44%) breast tumours and none of the 6 normal breast tissues (p=0.02). Interestingly, hsa-miR9 methylation was significantly more frequent in patients with syncronous or metachronous distant metastases (8 of 14, 57%) as compared with patients free from metastases (11 of 33, 32%) (p=0.02 χ 2 Test). In particular, methylation was detected in all 5 tumours showing only bone metastases (100%), whereas methylation was less frequent (33%) in the group characterized by the the presence of visceral metastases (P=0.03 χ 2 Test). Conclusions: Our results suggest that hsa-miR9 methylation in breast cancer is associated with tumour metastatic behaviour and might represent a novel biomarker for monitoring breast cancer patients.