gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Tunneling processes in asymmetric double barrier magnetic tunnel junctions with a thin top MgO layer (2013)

Dynamic conductance dI/dV and inelastic electron tunneling spectroscopy (IETS) d2I/dV2 have been measured at different temperatures for double barrier magnetic tunnel junctions with a thin top MgO layer. The resistance in the antiparallel state exhibits a normal tunnel-like behavior, while the resistance in the parallel state shows metallic-like transport, indicating the presence of pinholes in the thin top MgO layer. Three IETS peaks are the zero-bias anomaly, interface magnons, and barrier phonons in both the parallel and antiparallel states. The zero-bias anomaly is the strongest peak in the parallel state and its intensity decreases with temperature. The magnon has the largest intensity in the antiparallel state and its intensity also decreases with temperature. The origins of the dips and peaks in the dI/dV-V curve are also discussed.
Equilibrium Distribution Ratio of Phosphorus between Solid Iron and Magnesiowustite-saturated Al2O3–CaO–FetO–MgO–SiO2 Slag at 1623 K (2013)

In the conventional iron-making process, the oxygen potential in the hearth of the blast furnace is determined only by the temperature because of the carbon-saturated conditions. As a consequence, impurities such as phosphorus are reduced and dissolved in the iron because of the excessively low oxygen partial pressure. The oxygen partial pressure can be controlled by using gas reductants such as hydrogen and carbon monoxide. Under these conditions, solid iron is obtained because of the low carbon content. In this study, the equilibrium distribution of phosphorus between the solid iron and molten slag is investigated at 1623 K as functions of the oxygen partial pressure and the basicity of the slag. The experimental results show that the phosphorus content in the solid iron is sufficiently low under the experimental conditions employed. The phosphate capacity is also evaluated, and a regression equation is obtained by comparing the results with those of previous studies.
ChemInform Abstract: EFFECT OF SALTS ON THE STEREOSELECTIVITY OF REACTIONS OF ALPHA‐LITHIO SULFOXIDES (1975)

Abstract Phenylmethylsulfoxid (I) liefert mit Methyllithium das Anion (II), das mit Deuteriumoxid oder mit Methyljodid zu den Substitutionsprodukten (IIIa), (IIIb) bzw. (IVa) und (IVb) führt.
Two pilot program projects appraised (1994)

During the last quarter of 1993, the first two Pilot Program projects were appraised by the World Bank and the donors. Appraisal is the point in the project cycle when the Bank and the donors assess the readiness of a project to be funded. The projects that were appraised are the Science Centers and Directed Research project, and the Demonstration Projects.
Solutions to improve flatness of Id-Vd curves of rugged nLDMOS (2011)

This work summarizes results of TCAD simulations aiming to reduce/suppress the bump in the output characteristics of rugged nLDMOS devices. It is shown that the origin of the bump is not due to bipolar activation. Thus, by simple variations of the geometrical parameters and/or process variations, the intrinsic MOS of the nLDMOS could be driven in a regime allowing a drastic improvement of its Id-Vd flatness with limited impact on the sRon-Vbd trade-off.
Abstract 218 (2013)

AMERICAN SOCIETY OF PLASTIC SURGEONS PLASTIC & RECONSTRUCTIVE SURGERY PRS GLOBAL OPEN ASPS EDUCATION NETWORK AMERICAN SOCIETY OF PLASTIC SURGEONS PLASTIC & RECONSTRUCTIVE SURGERY PRS GLOBAL OPEN ASPS EDUCATION NETWORK
An Accurate In Vitro Model of the E. coli Envelope (2015)

Gram-negative bacteria are an increasingly serious source of antibiotic-resistant infections, partly owing to their characteristic protective envelope. This complex, 20 nm thick barrier includes a highly impermeable, asymmetric bilayer outer membrane (OM), which plays a pivotal role in resisting antibacterial chemotherapy. Nevertheless, the OM molecular structure and its dynamics are poorly understood because the structure is difficult to recreate or study in vitro. The successful formation and characterization of a fully asymmetric model envelope using Langmuir-Blodgett and Langmuir-Schaefer methods is now reported. Neutron reflectivity and isotopic labeling confirmed the expected structure and asymmetry and showed that experiments with antibacterial proteins reproduced published in vivo behavior. By closely recreating natural OM behavior, this model provides a much needed robust system for antibiotic development.
Scaling Effects on Single-Event Transients in InGaAs FinFETs (2017)

The single-event-transient response of InGaAs FinFETs with different fin widths is examined using pulsed-laser and heavy-ion irradiation. Devices with wider fins collect more charge in both environments. Quantum-well structures confine charge collection in the channel, and determine the sensitive volume. Simulations show that the charge density produced by irradiation is similar for devices with different fin widths, but more charge is collected by wider fin devices due to the larger channel volume. Charge accumulated in the buffer and substrate layers modulates the body potential, altering the degree of back-gate control, leading to additional effects associated with charge accumulation in wider fin devices. Optical simulations for a model system suggest that optical phenomena in the fins should be considered for laser testing. These include optical interference, plasmonic enhancement at the metal-dielectric interfaces, and enhanced electron-hole pair recombination due to multiple reflections in multigate devices with nanoscale dimensions.
Effects of trail pheromone purity, dose, and type of placement on recruiting European fire ants, Myrmica rubra, to food baits (2021)

Volume: 117
Tight coupling between nucleus and cell migration through the perinuclear actin cap (2014)

Although eukaryotic cells are known to alternate between 'advancing' episodes of fast and persistent movement and 'hesitation' episodes of low speed and low persistence, the molecular mechanism that controls the dynamic changes in morphology, speed and persistence of eukaryotic migratory cells remains unclear. Here, we show that the movement of the interphase nucleus during random cell migration switches intermittently between two distinct modes - rotation and translocation - that follow with high fidelity the sequential rounded and elongated morphologies of the nucleus and cell body, respectively. Nuclear rotation and translocation mediate the stop-and-go motion of the cell through the dynamic formation and dissolution, respectively, of the contractile perinuclear actin cap, which is dynamically coupled to the nuclear lamina and the nuclear envelope through LINC complexes. A persistent cell movement and nuclear translocation driven by the actin cap are halted following the disruption of the actin cap, which in turn allows the cell to repolarize for its next persistent move owing to nuclear rotation mediated by cytoplasmic dynein light intermediate chain 2.
Coenzyme Q10 in Pregnancy (1996)

Our objectives were to assess the plasma coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) levels in normal pregnancy, in pregnancy with a spontaneous contractile event, in spontaneous abortion and in threatened abortion. Six hundred and fifteen CoQ10 levels were analyzed in 483 pregnant women: 350 patients were employed to design a normal curve; 66 patients with spontaneous contractile activity underwent two or more CoQ10 analyses in different trimesters; 49 patients presented spontaneous abortion, and 18 patients threatened abortion. The normal curve of plasma CoQ10 levels rises during each trimester of pregnancy, while there is a correspondence between a low CoQ10 level and spontaneous abortion. Furthermore we found a statistically significant difference between the plasma CoQ10 value in spontaneous contractile activity, mainly in the third trimester. We found an increase in the plasma CoQ10 level in relation to the contractile activity of the uterine muscle. Further studies are necessary to explain the involvement of this marker on pregnancy in clinical practice.
Organogenetic tolerance (2010)

Transplantation therapy for humans is limited by insufficient availability of donor organs and outcomes are complicated by the toxicity of immunosuppressive drugs. Xenotransplantation is a strategy to overcome supply problems. Implantation of tissue obtained early during embryogenesis is a way to reduce immunogenicity of transplants. Insulin-producing cells originating from embryonic pig pancreas obtained very early following initiation of organogenesis [embryonic day 28 (E28)] engraft long-term in non-immune suppressed diabetic rats or rhesus macaques. Recently, we demonstrated engraftment of morphologically similar cells originating from adult porcine islets of Langerhans (islets) in rats previously transplanted with E28 pig pancreatic primordia. Our findings are consistent with induction of tolerance to a cell component of porcine islets induced by previous transplantation of embryonic pig pancreas, a phenomenon we designate organogenetic tolerance. Induction of organogenetic tolerance to porcine islets in humans with diabetes mellitus would enable the use of pigs as islet donors with no host immune suppression requirement. Adaptation of methodology for transplanting embryonic organs other than pancreas so as to induce organogenetic tolerance would revolutionize transplantation therapy.
A bacterial dual positive and negative selection system for dCas9 activity (2022)

The engineering of switchable or activatable dCas9 proteins would benefit from a single system for both positive and negative selection of dCas9 activity. Most systems that are used to interrogate dCas9 libraries use a fluorescent protein screen or an antibiotic selection for active dCas9 variants. To avoid some of the limitations of these systems, we have developed a single system capable of selecting for either active or inactive dCas9 variants. E. coli expressing active dCas9 variants are isolated in the positive selection system through growth in the presence of ampicillin. The negative selection can isolate cells lacking dCas9 activity through two separate mechanisms: growth in M9 minimal media or growth in media containing streptomycin. This system is capable of enriching for rare dCas9 variants up to 9,000-fold and possesses potential utility in directed evolution experiments to create switchable dCas9 proteins.
Data from Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells Predict Survival of Patients with Advanced Melanoma: Comparison with Regulatory T Cells and NY-ESO-1- or Melan-A–Specific T Cells (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Purpose:&lt;/b&gt; To analyze the prognostic relevance and relative impact of circulating myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) and regulatory T cells (Treg) compared with functional tumor antigen–specific T cells in patients with melanoma with distant metastasis.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Experimental Design:&lt;/b&gt; The percentage of CD14&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt;CD11b&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt;HLA-DR&lt;sup&gt;−/low&lt;/sup&gt; MDSCs, CD4&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt;CD25&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt;FoxP3&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt; Tregs, and the presence of NY-ESO-1- or Melan-A–specific T cells was analyzed in 94 patients and validated in an additional cohort of 39 patients by flow cytometry. Univariate survival differences were calculated according to Kaplan–Meier and log-rank tests. Multivariate analyses were performed using Cox regression models.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Results:&lt;/b&gt; NY-ESO-1–specific T cells, the M-category, and the frequency of MDSCs were associated with survival. The absence of NY-ESO-1–specific T cells and the M-category M1c independently increased the risk of death. In a second Cox model not considering results on antigen-specific T cells, a frequency of &gt;11% MDSCs showed independent impact. Its association with survival was confirmed in the additional patient cohort. Median survival of patients with a lower frequency of MDSCs was 13 months versus 8 months for others (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.001, combined cohorts). We observed a strong correlation between high levels of MDSCs and the absence of melanoma antigen–specific T cells implying a causal and clinically relevant interaction. No prognostic impact was observed for Tregs.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Conclusions:&lt;/b&gt; Circulating CD14&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt;CD11b&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt;HLA-DR&lt;sup&gt;−/low&lt;/sup&gt; MDSCs have a negative impact on survival and inversely correlate with the presence of functional antigen–specific T cells in patients with advanced melanoma. Our findings provide a rationale to investigate MDSC-depleting strategies in the therapeutic setting especially in combination with vaccination or T-cell transfer approaches. &lt;i&gt;Clin Cancer Res; 20(6); 1601–9. ©2013 AACR&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Cyclynes. Part 5. Pericyclynes: "exploded cycloalkanes" with unusual orbital interactions and conformational properties. MM2 and STO-3G calculations, x-ray crystal structures, photoelectron spectra, and electron transmission spectra (1985)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCyclynes. Part 5. Pericyclynes: "exploded cycloalkanes" with unusual orbital interactions and conformational properties. MM2 and STO-3G calculations, x-ray crystal structures, photoelectron spectra, and electron transmission spectraK. N. Houk, Lawrence T. Scott, Nelson G. Rondan, David C. Spellmeyer, Gerd Reinhardt, James L. Hyun, Gary J. DeCicco, Robert Weiss, Marie H. M. Chen, and Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1985, 107, 23, 6556–6562Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1985Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1985https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00309a022https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00309a022research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views218Altmetric-Citations43LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Paralogous metabolism: S ‐alkyl‐cysteine degradation in Bacillus subtilis (2013)

Metabolism is prone to produce analogs of essential building blocks in the cell (here named paralogous metabolism). The variants result from lack of absolute accuracy in enzyme-templated reactions as well as from molecular aging. If variants were left to accumulate, the earth would be covered by chemical waste. The way bacteria cope with this situation is essentially unexplored. To gain a comprehensive understanding of Bacillus subtilis sulphur paralogous metabolism, we used expression profiling with DNA arrays to investigate the changes in gene expression in the presence of S-methyl-cysteine (SMeC) and its close analog, methionine, as sole sulphur source. Altogether, more than 200 genes whose relative strength of induction was significantly different depending on the sulphur source used were identified. This allowed us to pinpoint operon ytmItcyJKLMNytmO_ytnIJ_rbfK_ytnLM as controlling the pathway cycling SMeC directly to cysteine, without requiring sulphur oxygenation. Combining genetic and physiological experiments, we deciphered the corresponding pathway that begins with protection of the metabolite by acetylation. Oxygenation of the methyl group then follows, and after deprotection (deacetylation), N-formyl cysteine is produced. This molecule is deformylated by the second deformylase present in B. subtilis DefB, yielding cysteine. This pathway appears to be present in plant-associated microbes.
Global Burden of Tuberculosis<SUBTITLE>Supplemental Appendixes</SUBTITLE> (1999)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
An Etiological Study on Mass Mortality of Cultured Colorcarp Juveniles Showing Edema. (1997)

An etiological study was conducted to identify the causative agent of contagious edema of cultured juvenile colorcarp, Cyprinus carpio, in Japan. The disease outbreaks were often observed during the rainy season, extending from late June to late July, and the mortality frequently reached 80-100%. High mortality with edema was demonstrated among carp fry (0.10-0.26g) exposed to the filtered homogenates of diseased fish. Repeated infection trials demonstrated that the disease was transmissible by using filtered homogenates even after 12 times passage.Pox-like virus particles, 335 (300-400) nm in length and 265 (245-290) nm in width, were detected in the gilllamellar epithelial cells from both spontaneously affected and experimentally infected fish. Pancreas, kidney, spleen, and intestine of experimentally infected fish showed histopathological changes, but pox-like virus or other pathogenic organisms were not found in these organs. In the case of experimentally infected fish, more than 80%of infectivity was found in gills when the titers were compared by quantitative infection trials. Although the virus has not been successfully isolated, the facts mentioned above indicate that the pox-like virus observed in gill epithelial cells is the pathogen of this disease. We suggest that this infectious disease be termed “viral edema of carp”.
On Proving Lower Bounds for Circuit Size (1995)

In [5], Razborov showed that the clique function cannot be computed by polynomial size monotone circuits. The method of proof, called thereafter the approximation method, provided lower bounds for other problems as well (see Razborov [6]) and was later used by Alon & Boppana [1] to show that the clique function requires exponential size monotone circuits.
Evenly transferred single-layered graphene membrane assisted by strong substrate adhesion (2017)

We explored the transfer of a single-layered graphene membrane assisted by substrate adhesion. A relatively larger adhesion force was measured on the SiO<sub>2</sub> substrate compared with its van der Waals contribution, which is expected to result from the additional contribution of the chemical bonding force. Density functional theory calculations verified that the strong adhesion force was indeed accompanied by chemical bonding. The transfer of single-layered graphene and subsequent deposition of the dielectric layer were best performed on the SiO<sub>2</sub> substrate exhibiting a larger adhesion force. This study suggests the selection and/or modification of the underlying substrate for proper transfer of graphene as well as other 2D materials similar to graphene.
Mortality from Breast Cancer after Irradiation during Fluoroscopic Examinations in Patients Being Treated for Tuberculosis (1989)

The increasing use of mammography to screen asymptomatic women makes it important to know the risk of breast cancer associated with exposure to low levels of ionizing radiation. We examined the mortality from breast cancer in a cohort of 31,710 women who had been treated for tuberculosis at Canadian sanatoriums between 1930 and 1952. A substantial proportion (26.4 percent) had received radiation doses to the breast of 10 cGy or more from repeated fluoroscopic examinations during therapeutic pneumothoraxes. Women exposed to greater than or equal to 10 cGy of radiation had a relative risk of death from breast cancer of 1.36, as compared with those exposed to less than 10 cGy (95 percent confidence interval, 1.11 to 1.67; P = 0.001). The data were most consistent with a linear dose-response relation. The risk was greatest among women who had been exposed to radiation when they were between 10 and 14 years of age; they had a relative risk of 4.5 per gray, and an additive risk of 6.1 per 10(4) person-years per gray. With increasing age at first exposure, there was substantially less excess risk, and the radiation effect appeared to peak approximately 25 to 34 years after the first exposure. Our additive model for lifetime risk predicts that exposure to 1 cGy at the age of 40 increases the number of deaths from breast cancer by 42 per million women. We conclude that the risk of breast cancer associated with radiation decreases sharply with increasing age at exposure and that even a small benefit to women of screening mammography would outweigh any possible risk of radiation-induced breast cancer.
Showcasing the optical properties of monocrystalline zinc phosphide thin films as an earth-abundant photovoltaic absorber (2021)

Zinc phosphide, Zn<sub>3</sub>P<sub>2</sub>, is a semiconductor with a high absorption coefficient in the spectral range relevant for single junction photovoltaic applications. It is made of elements abundant in the Earth's crust, opening up a pathway for large deployment of solar cell alternatives to the silicon market. Here we provide a thorough study of the optical properties of single crystalline Zn<sub>3</sub>P<sub>2</sub> thin films grown on (100) InP by molecular beam epitaxy. The films are slightly phosphorus-rich as determined by Rutherford backscattering. We elucidate two main radiative recombination pathways: one transition at approximately 1.52 eV attributed to zone-center band-to-band electronic transitions; and a lower-energy transition observed at 1.3 eV to 1.4 eV attributed to a defect band or band tail related recombination mechanisms. We believe phosphorus interstitials are likely at the origin of this band.
Un rhéoètre sur puce microﬂuidique (2006)

International audience
Nonvolatile floating gate organic memory device based on pentacene/CdSe quantum dot heterojuction (2012)

An organic floating-gate memory device using CdSe quantum dots (QDs) as a charge-trapping element was fabricated. CdSe QDs were localized beneath a pentacene without any tunneling insulator, and the QD layer played a role as hole-trapping sites. The band bending formed at the junction between pentacene and QD layers inhibited back-injection of holes trapped in CdSe into pentacene, which appeared as a hysteretic capacitance-voltage response during the operation of the device. Nearly, 60% of trapped charge was sustained even after 104 s in programmed state, and this long retention time can be potentially useful in practical applications of non-volatile memory.