gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Mechanisms of Copper Incorporation into Human Ceruloplasmin (2002)

Ceruloplasmin is a multicopper oxidase essential for normal iron homeostasis. To elucidate the mechanisms of copper incorporation into this protein, holoceruloplasmin biosynthesis was examined by immunoblot analysis and (64)Cu metabolic labeling of Chinese hamster ovary cells transfected with cDNAs encoding wild-type or mutant ceruloplasmin. This analysis reveals that the incorporation of copper into newly synthesized apoceruloplasmin in vivo results in a detectable conformational change in the protein. Strikingly, despite the unique functional role of each copper site within ceruloplasmin, metabolic studies indicate that achieving this final conformation-driven state requires the occupation of all six copper-binding sites with no apparent hierarchy for copper incorporation at any given site. Consistent with these findings a missense mutation (G631R), resulting in aceruloplasminemia and predicted to alter the interactions at a single type I copper-binding site, results in the synthesis and secretion only of apoceruloplasmin. Analysis of copper incorporation into apoceruloplasmin in vitro reveals that this process is cooperative and that the failure of copper incorporation into copper-binding site mutants observed in vivo is intrinsic to the mutant proteins. These findings reveal a precise and sensitive mechanism for the formation of holoceruloplasmin under the limiting conditions of copper availability within the cell that may be generally applicable to the biosynthesis of cuproproteins within the secretory pathway.
Operator Cooperation as a Competitive Advantage for Provisioning of Low Cost High Capacity Mobile Broad band Services (2008)

Operator utility is related to expected profits, risks and strategic issues. In this paper we focus on the potential change in operator utility from network cooperation. If network cooperation would increase operator utility significantly, that would be an important driver of cooperation. We show that the most important effect of network cooperation would be increased user utility, which in turn is shown to have significant impact on operator utility. The user utility is compared without and with cooperation between mobile operators. The user utility is expressed as a User Satisfaction Index (USI) which is depending on the service availability, service quality and the price. Cooperation in the form of sharing of network resources is usually seen as a way to share costs and risk for network deployment. However, there are other operator benefits: improved network utilization and increased traffic which may increase the revenues improved user satisfaction due to improved service availability and quality The network related property of cooperation to reduce the number of disconnected users is transformed into a higher degree of user satisfaction. This would most likely result in more loyal customers and hence the churn would be reduced. In this paper we discuss the implications of the increased user satisfaction on operator costs for customer acquisition and management. We see business opportunities for mobile operators leading to cost savings and changes in the cost structure.
Deep learning to identify and predict cardiotoxicities of anticancer drugs. (2021)

e15012 Background: Recent advances in cancer treatment have revolutionized patient outcomes. However, toxicities associated with anti-cancer drugs remain a concern with many anti-cancer drugs now implicated in cardiotoxicity. The complete spectrum of cardiotoxicity associated with anti-cancer drugs is only evident post-approval of drugs. Deep Learning methods can identify novel and emerging safety signals in “real-world” clinical settings. Methods: We used AERS Mine, an open-source data mining platform to identify drug toxicity signatures in the FDA’s Adverse Event Reporting System of 16 million patients. We identified 1.3 million patients on traditional and targeted anti-cancer therapy to analyze therapy-specific cardiotoxicity patterns. Cardiotoxicity training dataset contained 1571 molecules characterized with bioassay against hERG potassium channel and included 350 toxic compounds with an IC50 of &lt; 1μM. We implemented a Deep Belief Network to extract a deep hierarchical representation of the training data, and the Extra Tree Classifier to predict the toxicity of drug candidates. Drugs were encoded using 1024-bit Morgan fingerprint representation using SMILES with search radius of 7 atoms. Pharmacovigilance metrics (Relative Risks and safety signals) were used to establish statistical correlation. Results: This analysis identified signatures of arrhythmias and conduction abnormalities associated with common anti-cancer drugs (e.g. atrial fibrillation with ibrutinib, alkylating agents, immunomodulatory drugs; sinus bradycardia with 5FU, paclitaxel, thalidomide; sinus tachycardia with anthracyclines). Our analysis also identified myositis/myocarditis association with newer immune checkpoint inhibitors (e.g., atezolizumab, durvalumab, cemiplimab, avelumab) paralleling earlier signals for pembrolizumab, nivolumab, and ipilimumab. Deep Learning identified signatures of chemical moieties linked to cardiotoxicity, including common motifs in drugs associated with arrhythmias and conduction abnormalities with an accuracy of 89%. Conclusions: Deep Learning provides a comprehensive insight into emerging cardiotoxicity patterns of approved and investigational drugs, allows detection of ‘rogue’ chemical moieties, and shows promise for novel drug discovery and development.
A novel selective earth fault detection method using residual current (2009)

In neutral point non-directly grounded medium voltage distribution system, to selectively detect single phase to ground fault remains as a challenge for protection relays. Conventional selective / directional detection method can be used in such cases, but they cannot be implemented without voltage measurements. If the radial connected feeders are grounded via resistor at neutral point on busbar, a novel selective earth fault detection scheme without voltage measurements which only uses residual current can be applicable and it is presented in this paper. The basic idea is the comparison of residual current's 3 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">rd</sup> harmonic with fundamental component. The targeted feature is the harmonic signature of earth fault current. It is an improvement of selectivity and sensitivity for overcurrent relays in such system grounding condition. The effectiveness has been proved by EMTP test. A prototype relay has been produced and physical model tests have been done with positive results.
Failure of frusemide to increase production of prostaglandin E2 in human nasal mucosa in vivo. (1993)

The findings do not support the hypothesis that the antiasthmatic effect of frusemide may be due to increased synthesis of PGE2 or release in the respiratory mucosa.
Using the Transtheoretical Approach to Facilitate Change in the Heart Failure Population (2001)

Heart failure is a significant health problem that requires a multidisciplinary approach for successful intervention. Five million Americans currently suffer from heart failure, resulting in an annual expenditure estimated at $20-$40 billion. However, with early identification and intervention, the progression of heart failure can be stopped. Change in lifestyle and adherence to a prescribed plan of care recommended for heart failure treatment can lead to improved quality of life. The Transtheoretical Model provides a framework for facilitating the behavioral changes necessary for the optimal treatment of heart failure. Future research is suggested to evaluate outcomes of behavioral changes in heart failure populations upon implementation of this model. (c)2001 by CHF, Inc.
Effects of Finite Gain Bandwidth on Raman Amplification in Silicon Waveguides (2008)

The detrimental effect of gain dispersion on Raman amplification in silicon waveguides is studied by using a variational technique. The influences of finite gain and photogenerated free carriers are analyzed by introducing Rayleigh dissipation function.
Does new sensitization correlate with nasal symptoms in children with allergic rhinitis? (2019)

2b Laryngoscope, 130: 1864-1871, 2020.
Optimizing circuit allocation for bandwidth reservations in dynamic virtual circuit networks (2015)

Modern research and education networks, such as ESnet and Internet2, offer the capability to increase the reliability and predictability of big data transfers through the reservation of bandwidth in the form of dynamic (on-demand) virtual circuits interconnecting pairs of geographically distant end sites. Because each end site utilizes a circuit in the same manner as a VLAN, the number of circuits that can be simultaneously active is limited. In this paper, we address the problem of maximizing the number of bandwidth reservations that can be serviced by a set of virtual circuits while minimizing the number of required virtual circuits. We develop an algorithm, called CA, that solves this problem and compare its performance with a simplified version, called S-CA, and a baseline FCFS algorithm, through both offline and online simulations. We demonstrate that CA performs up to 30% better than S-CA and up to three times better than FCFS.
Intraoperative MRI with a Rotating, Tiltable Surgical Table: A Time–Use Study and Clinical Results in 122 Patients (2007)

Intraoperative low-field MRI provides valuable information for surgical decision making that is predominantly related to detection of residual tumor and the exclusion of complications. The benefits of this technology surpass the time cost associated with its implementation when using proper imaging strategies.
An Economic Gap Between the Recommended Healthy Food Patterns and Existing Diets of Minority Groups in the US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2013–14 (2019)

The US Department of Agriculture (USDA) has identified three Healthy Food Patterns as ways to implement the 2015-2020 Dietary Guidelines for Americans. We estimated the daily cost of the Healthy Vegetarian, US-Style, and Mediterranean Food Patterns (at 2,000 kcal/d) using national food prices adjusted for inflation. We also estimated the cost of existing dietary intakes in $/2,000 kcal/d for persons ≥2 years in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES 2013-2014) using the same national food prices. The Nutrient Rich Food index (NRF9.3) was used as a measure of diet quality. Compared to existing diets, the USDA Healthy Food Patterns were higher in protein, fiber, vitamins, and minerals; were lower in solid fats, sugars, and sodium, and had higher diet quality scores. However, they also cost more. The cost of existing diets in NHANES was $5.47/d for Hispanics, $5.48/d for African-Americans, $5.94/d for Whites and $6.57/d for Asians. By contrast, the recommended US-Style Pattern cost $8.27/d, the Vegetarian Pattern cost $5.90/d, and the Mediterranean Pattern cost $8.73/d. Further, the Healthy Food Patterns featured some of the recommended food groups in unrealistic amounts. To ensure that the US Dietary Guidelines are both feasible and relevant to minority health, economic modeling studies should accompany government-issued dietary advice.
Nucleocapsid and Spike Proteins of SARS-CoV-2 Drive Neutrophil Extracellular Trap Formation (2021)

Patients with severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) demonstrate dysregulated immune responses including exacerbated neutrophil functions. Massive neutrophil infiltrations accompanying neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) formations are also observed in patients with severe COVID-19. However, the mechanism underlying severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)-induced NET formation has not yet been elucidated. Here we show that 2 viral proteins encoded by SARS-CoV-2, the nucleocapsid protein and the whole spike protein, induce NET formation from neutrophils. NET formation was ROS-independent and was completely inhibited by the spleen tyrosine kinase inhibition. The inhibition of p38 MAPK, protein kinase C, and JNK signaling pathways also inhibited viral protein-induced NET formation. Our findings demonstrate one method by which SARS-CoV-2 evades innate immunity and provide a potential target for therapeutics to treat patients with severe COVID-19.
Can we trust online crowdworkers? (2020)

Conducting user studies is a crucial component in many scientific fields. While some studies require participants to be physically present, other studies can be conducted both physically (e.g. in-lab) and online (e.g. via crowdsourcing). Inviting participants to the lab can be a time-consuming and logistically difficult endeavor, not to mention that sometimes research groups might not be able to run in-lab experiments, because of, for example, a pandemic. Crowdsourcing platforms such as Amazon Mechanical Turk (AMT) or Prolific can therefore be a suitable alternative to run certain experiments, such as evaluating virtual agents. Although previous studies investigated the use of crowdsourcing platforms for running experiments, there is still uncertainty as to whether the results are reliable for perceptual studies. Here we replicate a previous experiment where participants evaluated a gesture generation model for virtual agents. The experiment is conducted across three participant pools - in-lab, Prolific, and AMT - having similar demographics across the in-lab participants and the Prolific platform. Our results show no difference between the three participant pools in regards to their evaluations of the gesture generation models and their reliability scores. The results indicate that online platforms can successfully be used for perceptual evaluations of this kind.
Photoluminescent Efficiency of Phosphors with Electronic Transitions in Localized Centers (1968)

No general theory exists that can predict the efficiency of phosphors with electronic transitions in localized centers. In this paper a survey and discussion are given of the correlation between fluorescent properties and chemical properties, like composition and structure. Points of discussion are (a) choice of the activator together with concentration quenching and critical concentration for this phenomenon, (b) influence of the host lattice on the photoluminescence efficiency for direct excitation of the activator, and (c) energy transfer between fluorescent centers. These considerations are illustrated by a large number of experimental examples.
Vernier Thresholds and Alignment Bias in Control, Suspect, and Glaucomatous Eyes (1993)

Detection of vernier offsets requires integration of spatial information from many retinal receptive fields. It was postulated that diminution of the number of ganglion cells in glaucoma may diminish the spatial sampling grain, compromise these integrative processes, and raise vernier thresholds. To test this hypothesis, vernier thresholds were measured in 45 patients with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG), 45 age-matched glaucoma suspects, and 45 age-matched controls. Alignment bias was measured in 43 subjects from each diagnostic group. Measurements were also obtained in an additional 29 control subjects to evaluate the effect of age on vernier thresholds. All subjects had acuities of 6/7.5 or better. Vernier thresholds were significantly greater in glaucomatous eyes and suspect eyes than in control eyes (p = 0.0002). Mean thresholds were increased by 64% in glaucomatous eyes and 47% in suspect eyes; however, there was significant overlap between the groups. A subgroup of 15 eyes with early glaucomatous damage without localized visual field defects also had vernier thresholds significantly greater than control eyes (p = 0.02). The variances of the alignment biases were significantly greater in the glaucomatous and suspect eyes than in controls eyes (p < 0.05). Our results demonstrate that significant deficits of vernier detection can be demonstrated in some glaucomatous eyes, even in the absence of defects on automated perimetry. Because of the overlap between diagnostic groups, measurement of vernier thresholds cannot be used to distinguish POAG from controls. However, elevation of vernier thresholds may serve as a marker for the early diffuse central dysfunction that occurs in some eyes with glaucoma. The significance of these findings in terms of the mechanisms of glaucomatous damage is discussed.
Supplemental Figure 2 from Classifying Colorectal Cancer by Tumor Location Rather than Sidedness Highlights a Continuum in Mutation Profiles and Consensus Molecular Subtypes (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Sensitivity analysis demonstrating optimal left vs right cut-point to maximize prognostic differences based on side in metastatic colorectal cancer. Sub-caption: Numbers in figure represent the hazard ratio followed by the 95% confidence interval within square brackets. The hazard ratio estimate occurs at the location used to divide left from right in each sensitivity analysis. For example, if the division between right and left occurs between the hepatic flexure and transverse colon, the hazard ratio estimate will be placed on the graph half way between the hepatic flexure and transverse colon (ie. 1.66).&lt;/p&gt;
Fighting peer-to-peer SPAM and decoys with object reputation (2005)

Peer-to-peer filesharing is now commonplace and its traffic now dominates bandwidth consumption at many Internet peering points. Recent studies indicate that much of this filesharing activity involves corrupt and polluted files. This paper describes Credence, a new object-based reputation system, and shows how it can counteract content pollution in peer-to-peer filesharing networks. Credence allows honest peers to assess the authenticity of online content by securely tabulating and managing endorsements from other peers. We employ a novel voter correlation scheme to weigh the opinions of peers, which gives rise to favorable incentives and system dynamics. We present simulation results indicating that our system is scalable, efficient, and robust.
Human milk exosomes and their microRNAs survive digestion in vitro and are taken up by human intestinal cells (2017)

Our results for the first time reveal the survivability and complexity of human milk exosome microRNAs upon simulated gastric/pancreatic digestion, and the dynamics during lactation stages. The results suggest a previously underexplored area of infant response to genetic material in human milk exosomes.
Is Desmin Propensity to Aggregate Part of its Protective Function? (2020)

Desmin is the major protein component of the intermediate filaments (IFs) cytoskeleton in muscle cells, including cardiac. The accumulation of cleaved and misfolded desmin is a cellular hallmark of heart failure (HF). These desmin alterations are reversed by therapy, suggesting a causal role for the IFs in the development of HF. Though IFs are known to play a role in the protection from stress, a mechanistic model of how that occurs is currently lacking. On the other hand, the heart is uniquely suited to study the function of the IFs, due to its inherent, cyclic contraction. That is, HF can be used as a model to address how IFs afford protection from mechanical, and possibly redox, stress. In this review we provide a brief summary of the current views on the function of the IFs, focusing on desmin. We also propose a new model according to which the propensity of desmin to aggregate may have been selected during evolution as a way to dissipate excessive mechanical and possibly redox stress. According to this model, though desmin misfolding may afford protection from acute injury, the sustained or excessive accumulation of desmin aggregates could impair proteostasis and contribute to disease.
Clinicopathologic Characteristics, Treatment, and Outcomes of Post-transplant Lymphoproliferative Disorders: A Single-institution Experience Using 2017 WHO Diagnostic Criteria (2021)

The <i>World Health Organization Classification of Tumours of Haematopoietic and Lymphoid Tissues</i> (WHO 2017) included updated criteria for diagnosis and classification of post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorders (PTLDs). This study evaluated the clinicopathologic spectrum using WHO 2017 criteria and adult PTLD patients' outcomes over 30 years between 1987 and 2017 at Mayo Clinic (Rochester, MN). Patients were retrospectively reviewed for clinical features, outcomes, and diagnostic pathology material and classified based on WHO 2017 criteria. A total of 227 patients were diagnosed with PTLD, with a median time from transplant to PTLD of 45 months. PTLD occurred >1 year after transplant in 149 (66%) patients. Monomorphic PTLD was the most common subtype (173, 76%), with diffuse large B cell lymphoma as the commonest morphology (n = 137). Epstein-Barr virus was positive in 61% of total cases and 90% of PTLD that developed within 1 year from transplant. The median event-free survival (EFS) and overall survival for the entire cohort were 21 months (95% confidence interval [CI]: 9-35) and 82 months (95% CI: 39-115), respectively. The EFS or overall survival was not impacted by Epstein-Barr virus status but differed based on WHO subtypes and year of diagnosis. Management changed over time with increased use of rituximab or chemotherapy + immunosuppression reduction as initial therapy. When compared to the matched general population and de novo diffuse large B cell lymphoma, patients not achieving EFS 24 status (no progression/treatment or death within 24 mo of diagnosis) had a worse standardized mortality ratio 16.75 (95% CI: 13.91-20) versus SMR 1.72 (95% CI: 1.26-2.28) in those who achieved EFS24. Cause of death was mostly attributed to non-lymphoma-related causes in those achieving EFS 24.
Bicycle-Based Courier and Delivery Services in Beijing (2006)

Based on a large sample survey conducted in 2004, this paper presents a market analysis of the bicycle delivery service systems in Beijing. The discussion includes distribution companies, distribution services, employment, employees, and customers. In addition to the sample survey, on-the-spot visits and additional analyses were carried out. Future trends in bicycle delivery service systems in Beijing are also presented. Based on a strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats (SWOT) model analysis, the paper also forecasts and suggests methods for repositioning bicycle delivery service systems in Chinese cities. The suggestions are China-specific and are meant to assist the regulatory authorities in the supervision of the transport logistics system and the standardization of delivery service by means of bicycle.
LQ-power Consistent Control: Leveraging Transmission Power Selection in Control Systems (2020)

We consider a linear control system, where the sensors communicate to the controller via a wireless network in which the probability of successful data transmissions is an increasing function of the selected radio signal power. We tackle the problem of jointly selecting the transmission power at every transmission time as a function of the state, much like in event-triggered control systems, and of designing a controller in order to minimize an average quadratic cost. Our proposed power scheduler and corresponding control policy are shown to outperform the optimal control policy when the radio signal power is constant at all times, while using at most the same average transmission power. For this result to hold, the function relating the transmission power to the probability of successful transmission must be convex in the region of interest. We call such a policy LQ-power consistent.