gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effects of the pre‐treatment alternatives on the treatment of oil‐gas field produced water by nanofiltration and reverse osmosis membranes (2012)

Abstract Background Produced water is generated in huge volumes from oil and gas production facilities. Different alternatives including physical, chemical, and biological methods can be applied for the treatment of produced waters. In this study, different pre‐treatment alternatives used before a final nanofiltration and reverse osmosis membrane system were evaluated. A membrane bioreactor and pressurized microfiltration and ultrafiltration systems were used in the pre‐treatment stage. Results According to the results, the highest flux was obtained by the combination of ultrafiltration/microfiltration and nanofiltration; whereas, the maximum removal efficiencies for conductivity and chemical oxygen demand were obtained by the combination of membrane bioreactor and reverse osmosis systems. Conclusion The results of this study show that the emphasis should be placed on applying the right combination of membrane treatment processes instead of focusing only on pre‐ or final treatment units. © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry
High Sensitivity Gas Sensors Produced using Laser Ablated Nanocrystalline Tin Dioxide for Key Environmental Pollutants (2018)

This paper presents results from a study of gas sensors produced using laser ablated nanocrystalline tin dioxide. The use of precious metal catalysts and other additives has been investigated with a view to producing highly sensitive and selective devices capable of detecting three key atmospheric contaminants ozone, oxides of nitrogen, and carbon monoxide.
Progressive RPE atrophy around disciform scars (2006)

Steal syndrome versus aberrant wound healing?

In this issue of the BJO , Sarks and co-workers (p 442) report that progressive retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) atrophy develops around the perimeter of disciform scars in patients with age related macular degeneration (AMD). As noted by the authors, the progressive RPE atrophy seems to be caused by the presence of the disciform scar and seems to be distinct from AMD associated geographic atrophy (see, for example, table 2 in their paper). Sarks and co-workers postulate the existence of a “steal” syndrome in which: (1) active choroidal neovascularisation induces remodelling of the adjacent choroidal circulation with reduced blood flow to smaller choroidal vessels; and (2) secondary attenuation and, ultimately, atrophy of the RPE occurs adjacent to disciform scars.

The study was executed carefully. On the basis of fundus photographs alone, it is difficult to judge the presence of RPE atrophy versus RPE depigmentation with reduced but not completely atrophic overlying photoreceptors.1 Thus, as the authors recognise, there may be some degree of overestimation of the extent of atrophy in those 18 patients in whom pathological material was …
Berberine Inhibits Proliferation and Induces Apoptosis of Esophageal Cancer Cells via Inactivation of IGF-1R Signaling Pathway (2018)

Objective To investigate the effects of berberine on the proliferation, cell cycle progression and apoptosis of esophageal cancer cells and related mechanism. Methods MTT assay was used to evaluate the effects of berberine on cell viability. Propidium iodide staining was used to detect cell cycle progression. Annexin V-FITC/PI staining assay was used to measure cell apoptosis, and Western blot analysis was performed to determine the phosphorylation of insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF-1R) as well as the two major downstream signaling molecules AKT and p42/44MAPK(ERK). Results In vitro, berberine inhibited the proliferation of four esophageal cancer cell lines in a concentration-dependent manner. Moreover, the IC50 values of berberine against different esophageal cancer cells were negatively correlated with the expression level of IGF-1R. The distribution of KYSE450 cells cycle was arrested in G2/M phase. Berberine dose-dependently induced the cell apoptosis, and the apoptosis ratio of KYSE450 cells with high IGF-1R level was significantly higher than that of KYSE150 cells with low IGF-1R level after berberine treatment at the same concentration. Berberine dose-dependently inhibited the phosphorylation of IGF-1R and blocked AKT and ERK activation. Conclusion Berberine could inhibit cell proliferation, cell cycle arrest and induce cell apoptosis of esophageal cancer via inactivation of IGF-1R as well as the downstream molecules AKT and ERK.
Speaker-independent recognition of the DARPA Naval Resource Management Task (1989)

In this talk, the issue of acoustic modeling of the fundamental units for recognition is examined. Modeling approaches for both context independent (CI) and context dependent (CD) units are studied. The acoustic modeling approaches were tested on speaker independent recognition of the DARPA Naval Resource Management Task. The set of context independent units in this study is a fixed set of 47 phonelike units (PLUs), in which each PLU is associated with a linguistically defined phoneme symbol. Each CI/PLU is modeled using a continuous density hidden Markov model (CDHMM) with Gaussian mixture state observation density. The set of context dependent units includes PLUs defined by left, right, and both left and right context. Only those CD/PLUs with enough occurrences in the training data are selected for modeling. Two approaches are presented to model the CD/PLUs. Both CI/PLUs and CD/PLUs are obtained using the segmental k-means training procedure. In the case of context independent acoustic modeling, the maximum number of mixtures was varied in each state from 1 to 256 and it was found that the word accuracy increased from 56% to 89% which indicates that sufficient acoustic resolution is essential for improved performance. The 89% word accuracy is the highest performance reported based on context independent units. When context dependency modeling is incorporated, both modeling approaches achieved better than 92% word accuracy.
Leukocyte responses to immobilized patterns of CXCL8 B Biointerfaces (2016)

The attachment of neutrophils to the endothelial surface and their migration towards the site of inflammation following chemokine gradients play an essential role in the innate immune response. Chemokines adhere to glycosaminoglycans on the endothelial surface to be detected by leukocytes and trigger their movement along surface- bound gradients in a process called haptotaxis. In assays to systematically study the response of leukocytes to surface-bound compounds both the spatial arrangement of the compound as well as the mode of immobilization need to be controlled. In this study microcontact printing was employed to create patterns of hydrophobic or functionalized thiols on gold-coated glass slides and CXCL8 was immobilized on the thiol coated areas using three different strategies. Human neutrophils adhered to the CXCL8-coated lines but not to the PEG-coated background. We could show that more cells adhered to CXCL8 adsorbed to hydrophobic octadecanethiol than on CXCL8 covalently bound to amino undecanethiol or CXCL8 specifically bound to immobilized heparin on aminothiol. Likewise general cell activity such as lamellipodia formation and random migration were most pronounced for CXCL8 adsorbed on a hydrophobic surface which may be attributed to the larger amounts of protein immobilized on this type of surface.
Pocket Guide to Digital Printing (1996)

From the Publisher:
A valuable reference for novices and professionals alike, the Pocket Guide to Digital Printing opens up the world of on-demand production and publishing through digital technology. Using the complete resources of the Rochester Institute of Technology School of Printing Management and Sciences, this pocket guide offers the most comprehensive collection of information available on this emerging field. Through the use of descriptions and evaluations of digital and on-demand printing, the reader is shown what the current technology can and cannot do, how to operate machinery in a cost-effective manner, and which jobs are best suited to digital output.
Long-term Consequences of Traumatic Brain Injury in Bone Metabolism (2018)

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) leads to long-term cognitive, behavioral, affective deficits, and increase neurodegenerative diseases. It is only in recent years that there is growing awareness that TBI even in its milder form poses long-term health consequences to not only the brain but to other organ systems. Also, the concept that hormonal signals and neural circuits that originate in the hypothalamus play key roles in regulating skeletal system is gaining recognition based on recent mouse genetic studies. Accordingly, many TBI patients have also presented with hormonal dysfunction, increased skeletal fragility, and increased risk of skeletal diseases. Research from animal models suggests that TBI may exacerbate the activation and inactivation of molecular pathways leading to changes in both osteogenesis and bone destruction. TBI has also been found to induce the formation of heterotopic ossification and increased callus formation at sites of muscle or fracture injury through increased vascularization and activation of systemic factors. Recent studies also suggest that the disruption of endocrine factors and neuropeptides caused by TBI may induce adverse skeletal effects. This review will discuss the long-term consequences of TBI on the skeletal system and TBI-induced signaling pathways that contribute to the formation of ectopic bone, altered fracture healing, and reduced bone mass.
Anesthesia of the human tympanic membrane by iontophoresis of a local anesthetic (1978)

Abstract Iontophoresis has been reported as a safe method of tympanic membrane anesthesia but data concerning variations and advances in technique are not available. Normal volunteers were used to determine the effects of varying canal preparation, epinephrine concentration, current level and duration. The two optimal techniques were compared in two groups of ten volunteers. A similar duration of anestheia (90 to 115 min.) was found for both techniques. Clinical application of two techniques for the purpose of myringotomy and/or ventilation tube placement was done in 60 ears of 49 selected private patients with middle ear effusions. Techniques were used at random in the first 23 ears with equal success. The newly developed dry canal preparation method using lower current and longer time was preferred, because of convenience and added safety, in the last 37 procedures. Failure of anesthesia occurred once with acute otitis media and once due to electrode displacement. Fifty‐eight procedures resulted in successful myringotomy and/or tube placement. Proper case selection, prevention of technical problems, advantages, and practical limitations of this anesthesia method are discussed.
Comparison of Three Management Strategies for Patients With Atypical Squamous Cells of Undetermined Significance: Baseline Results From a Randomized Trial (2001)

HC 2 testing for cancer-associated HPV DNA is a viable option in the management of women with ASCUS. It has greater sensitivity to detect CIN3 or above and specificity comparable to a single additional cytologic test indicating ASCUS or above.
Variable Electrostatic Transformer: Controllable Coupling of Two Charge Qubits (2003)

We propose and investigate a novel method for the controlled coupling of two Josephson charge qubits by means of a variable electrostatic transformer. The value of the coupling capacitance is given by the discretized curvature of the lowest energy band of a Josephson junction, which can be positive, negative, or zero. We calculate the charging diagram of the two-qubit system that reflects the transition from positive to negative through vanishing coupling. We also discuss how to implement a phase gate making use of the controllable coupling.
Investigation of the factors determining the SIMS depth resolution in silicon-isotope multiple layers (2011)

In order to identify their controlling factors, the depth resolution parameters for secondary ion mass spectrometry, which include the decay length and the standard deviation of the Gaussian function (also referred to as the depth resolution function), for silicon atoms in a silicon matrix with silicon-isotope multiple layers were investigated under oxygen (O2+) and cesium (Cs+) ion bombardments with a wide ion energy range (from 200 eV to 10 keV) and with several incident angles. The use of silicon-isotope multiple layers in this investigation eliminated the chemical segregation effect caused by the sample composition. Measures were also taken to prevent ripple formation on the sputtered sample surface. The obtained depth resolution parameters were proportional to E1/2cos θ, where E is the primary ion energy per atom and θ is the incident angle relative to the surface normal. The relationships for decay length and standard deviation were different for the Cs+ ion, the O2+ ion with full oxidization, and the O2+ ion without full oxidization. The damage depth was measured by high-resolution Rutherford backscattering spectrometry and it was found that the relationships of the standard deviation versus damage depth depend only on the damage depth with a small dependence on the ion species (O2+/Cs+). The degree of mixing near the sputtered surface of thin silicon-isotope multiple layers bombarded by O2+/Cs+ ions was measured using laser-assisted atom probe analysis, and the relationship of the degree of mixing with the depth resolution parameters indicated that the decay length was degraded according to the degree of mixing. Atomic mixing/sputtering simulations revealed the factors determining the depth resolution parameters for secondary ion mass spectrometry. The standard deviation is found to be mainly degraded by the damage depth, which agrees with the results obtained by Rutherford backscattering spectrometry, whereas the decay length is mainly extended by the variance of the damage density profile, which is a parameter of the Gaussian function and governs the degree of mixing near the surface.
Expression and localization of oxytocin receptor gene in human uterine endometrium in relation to the menstrual cycle (1993)

The expression of oxytocin receptor mRNA in the human uterus was investigated by polymerase chain reaction after mRNA reverse transcription; in addition, the mRNA was localized by means of in situ hybridization histochemistry. Strong positive signals were observed in myometrial cells at parturition. In nonpregnant human uterine endometrium, oxytocin receptor mRNA was expressed in glandular epithelial cells, but was not observed in stromal cells. The signal in the epithelial cells was stronger at the time of ovulation than during any other phase. The sequential changes in oxytocin receptor mRNA expression in nonpregnant endometrium suggest some alternative biological function of oxytocin in endometrium during the menstrual cycle.
High-Confidence Trajectory Planning for Off-Road Automated Vehicles under Energy Constraints (2023)

For automated vehicles operating in off-road environments, there is substantial uncertainty in their energy needs and utilization. To account for this uncertainty, we propose a high-confidence global planner that obtains the path with the highest-confidence energy constraints are met. We outline a sampling-based method to approximate the energy stage cost uncertainty as a normal random variable, and then transform the uncertain optimal control problem to a deterministic one that can be solved using standard methods. We couple this with a local nominal model predictive controller that employs a dynamics model of the off-road vehicle on deformable terrains. We show through Monte-Carlo simulations that the framework is robust in the face of uncertainty in terms of energy consumption and outperforms approaches that simply plan for the minimum expected energy consumption.
Legionella Metaeffector Exploits Host Proteasome to Temporally Regulate Cognate Effector (2010)

Pathogen-associated secretion systems translocate numerous effector proteins into eukaryotic host cells to coordinate cellular processes important for infection. Spatiotemporal regulation is therefore important for modulating distinct activities of effectors at different stages of infection. Here we provide the first evidence of "metaeffector," a designation for an effector protein that regulates the function of another effector within the host cell. Legionella LubX protein functions as an E3 ubiquitin ligase that hijacks the host proteasome to specifically target the bacterial effector protein SidH for degradation. Delayed delivery of LubX to the host cytoplasm leads to the shutdown of SidH within the host cells at later stages of infection. This demonstrates a sophisticated level of coevolution between eukaryotic cells and L. pneumophila involving an effector that functions as a key regulator to temporally coordinate the function of a cognate effector protein.
A Neurophysiological Sensor-Equipped Head-Mounted Display for Instrumental QoE Assessment of Immersive Multimedia (2018)

The last few years have seen a drastic increase in the consumption of virtual- and augmented-reality (VR and AR, respectively) applications. Ultimately, the success of any emerging technology will rely on the experience it provides the end user, and not on the technology itself. Subjective methods for quality-of-experience (QoE) assessment have as main disadvantage that converting such human factors into a quality rating is difficult, particularly for everyday users. To overcome this limitation, recent research has explored the use of objective methods to monitor neurophysiological correlates of relevant perception processes. In this paper, we describe the development of a neurophysiological sensor-equipped head-mounted display that combines a consumer off-the-shelf VR headset, a modified low-cost portable device for electroencephalogram (EEG) acquisition repurposed to simultaneously acquire EEG, electrocardiogram (ECG), and electrooculogram (EOG) signals with high-quality dry electrodes. The device was evaluated under three different scenarios, each one designed to test the different ExG modalities. Initial tests showed promising results and allowed for (1) steady-state visually evoked potentials to be accurately measured from EEG, (2) heart rate variability measurements to discriminate between different affective videos, and (3) EOG measurements to monitor gaze direction and eye blinks, all while users were mobile. Being able to accurately monitor signals from the autonomic and central nervous systems in an unobtrusive and portable manner is an important step for instrumental QoE assessment of emerging VR/AR applications.
Localization of 113mIn- and 67Ga-Labeled Poly-methylene-Phosphonates in Myocardial Infarct (1977)

Summary We have investigated the usefulness of two new 67Ga-chelates, i. e. 67Ga-ethylene diamine tetramethylenephosphonate (67Ga-EDTMP) and 67Ga-diethylenetriamine pentamethylene phosphonate (67Ga-DTPMP), and of two 113mIn-chelates, i. e. 113mIn-EDTMP and 113mIn-DTPMP, for imaging myocardial infarct in rabbits. The agents were prepared by adding 113mIn3+ or 67GaCl4 – ion to 20–50 mg of EDTMP or DTPMP stock solution and neutralizing to pH of 7.4. Myocardial infarcts were introduced into 15 rabbits by ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery. The rabbits were then injected with a mixture of 113mIn-EDTMP, 45Ca-EDTMP or 67Ga-EDTMP and corresponding DTPMP chelates. The radioactivity-mapping of the heart was made by removing the outer and inner layers of pale or hemorrhagic infarct. Beta and gamma radioactivity in the heart and other tissue samples were obtained. There was excellent correlation between the radioactivity distribution of the 45Ca- and 113mIn-chelates. The predominant concentration was in the bones, bladder, kidney and infarcted myocardium. For 113mIn-EDTMP, an average ratio of 30 :1 between infarcted and normal myocardium (IM/NM) was obtained at 24 hrs after ligation. This ratio peaked 48 hrs after ligation to 50:1. For 6 7Ga-EDTMP this ratio varied from (7–10): 1. The blood clearance 67Ga-EDTMP was slow. Gel filtration of serum containing 113mIn-EDTMP and 67Ga-EDTMP showed that 45% and 86% of the radioactivity were protein bound. We observed that protein binding of metal chelates is an important characteristic for localization in myocardial infarct. The two pairs of 113mIn-EDTMP and 201T1+ ion or 67Ga-EDTMP and 13NH4+ ion should be useful for multiple imaging of myocardial infarct with the gamma or positron camera, respectively.
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient Synthesis of 3,6‐Dideoxy‐β‐D‐arabino‐hexopyranosyl‐terminated LacdiNAc Glycan Chains of the Trichinella spiralis Parasite. (2000)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Cellular-Enabled UAV Communication: Trajectory Optimization Under Connectivity Constraint (2017)

In this paper, we study a cellular-enabled unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) communication system consisting of one UAV and multiple ground base stations (GBSs). The UAV has a mission of flying from an initial location to a final location, during which it needs to maintain reliable wireless connection with the cellular network by associating with one of the GBSs at each time instant. We aim to minimize the UAV mission completion time by optimizing its trajectory, subject to a quality of connectivity constraint of the GBS-UAV link specified by a minimum received signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) target, which needs to be satisfied throughout the mission. This problem is non-convex and difficult to be optimally solved. We first propose an effective approach to check its feasibility based on graph connectivity verification. Then, by examining the GBS-UAV association sequence during the UAV mission, we obtain useful insights on the optimal UAV trajectory, based on which an efficient algorithm is proposed to find an approximate solution to the trajectory optimization problem by leveraging techniques in convex optimization and graph theory. Numerical results show that our proposed trajectory design achieves near-optimal performance.
Covert Communications in a Dynamic Interference Environment (2018)

Much of security research focuses on preventing an adversary from deciphering a message's content, but there are a number of applications that motivate the more challenging goal of “covert” communications: transmitter Alice conveying information to legitimate receiver Bob while preventing a capable and attentive adversary Willie from detecting the presence of the message. Willie detects Alice's transmission by looking for deviations from the background environment; hence, covert throughput can be increased if Willie has uncertainty about that background environment, as might be caused by user mobility or time-varying jamming. Here, we consider how the dynamics of the background environment impact the throughput of covert communications. Our previous work has shown that a background environment varying a constant number of times per codeword duration can greatly increase the covert throughput. In this paper, we consider the covert throughput for all potential rates of variation of the background. Neither extreme of variation is favorable to Alice: (1) when the background environment varies too quickly relative to the codeword length, Willie can average out the variation and hence limit Alice's covert throughput; (2) when the background environment varies too slowly, Willie can estimate the current environment and again limit Alice's covert throughput. We analyze a detector at Willie that provides an upper bound (converse) to the covert throughput of Alice for all potential rates of variation. Next, we provide an explicit construction for a scheme for Alice that provides a lower bound (achievability) on the covert throughput at each rate of variation.