gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Multivalent Cucurbituril Dendrons for Cell Membrane Engineering with Supramolecular Receptors (2022)

The affinity possible from certain supramolecular motifs rivals that for some of the best-recognized interactions in biology. Cucurbit[7]uril (CB[7]) macrocycles, for example, are capable of achieving affinities in their binding to certain guests that rival that of biotin-avidin. Supramolecular host-guest recognition between CB[7] and certain guests has been demonstrated to spatially localize guest-linked agents to desired sites <i>in vivo</i>, offering opportunities to better exploit this affinity axis for applications in biomedicine. Herein, architectures of CB[7] are prepared from a polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimer scaffold, installing a PEG-linked cholesterol anchor on the opposite end of the dendron to facilitate cell membrane integration. Cells are then modified with this dendritic CB[7] construct <i>in vitro</i>, demonstrating the ability to deliver a model guest-linked agent to the cell membrane. This approach to realize synthetic supramolecular "membrane receptors" may be leveraged in the future for <i>in situ</i> imaging or modulation of cell-based therapies or to facilitate a synthetic supramolecular recognition axis on the cell membrane.
Review: on-demand maintenance therapy with proton pump inhibitors is as effective as continuous therapy for non-erosive GORD (2007)

In patients with gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GORD), is on-demand maintenance therapy with proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) effective for controlling symptoms and preventing relapse? Pace F, Tonini M, Pallotta S, et al . Systematic review: maintenance treatment of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease with proton pump inhibitors taken ‘on-demand.’ Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2007; 26 :195–204. Clinical impact ratings GP/FP/Primary care ★★★★★★⋆ Internal medicine ★★★★★★⋆ Gastroenterology ★★★★★⋆⋆ ### ![Graphic][1]</img>Data sources: Medline and Cochrane Controlled Trials Register (to December 2006), and reference lists. ### ![Graphic][2]</img>Study selection and assessment: studies published in English as full articles that compared on-demand maintenance therapy, using PPIs or H2-receptor antagonists, with placebo or continuous maintenance therapy in patients with GORD, with or without erosive oesophagitis. 17 articles reporting on 16 studies (n = 14 142) met the selection criteria. All studies used PPIs (esomeprazole, 20 or 40 mg; … [1]: /embed/inline-graphic-1.gif [2]: /embed/inline-graphic-2.gif
Functional Analysis of the Promoters of Phenylalanine Ammonia-Lyase Genes in Pea (1994)

Pycnospore germination fluid of Mycosphaerella pinodes, a fungus pathogenic on pea, contains both an elicitor and a suppressor of the accumulation of pisatin, a major phytoalexin of pea. Transcription of the genes encoding key enzymes in the biosynthesis of pisatin, namely PAL (a gene encoding phenylalanine ammonia-lyase) and CHS (a gene encoding chalcone synthase), was shown to be activated upon the treatment of pea epicotyl tissues with the fungal elicitor and suppressed upon treatment with the fungal suppressor. To investigate the mechanisms underlying activation and suppression of plant defense genes by signal molecules secreted by a fungal pathogen and other stresses, such as ultraviolet (UV) light, we constructed chimeric genes composed of the 5'-flanking regions of two members of the PSPAL family (the genes encoding phenylalanine ammonia-lyase in Pisum sativum) fused to a bacterial gene for chloramphenicol acetyltransferase. Then, the cis-regulatory elements necessary for elicitor-mediated activation and suppressor-mediated suppression were examined in pea protoplasts. Functional analysis of 5' nested deletions of PSPAL1 and PSPAL2 suggested that an enhancer-like element is located in the TATA-distal region (-2,196 to -406) in PSPAL2. A cis-acting element(s) responsible for elicitor-mediated activation was found in the TATA-proximal region (-340 to -95 in PSPAL1; -406 to -158 in PSPAL2), in which the consensus sequence motifs known as box 1, box 2 and box 4 [Yamada et al. (1992) Plant Cell Physiol. 33: 715, Lois et al. (1989) EMBO J. 8: 1641] were present in close proximity. Furthermore, both promoters were activated by UV light but were partially suppressed in response to the fungal suppressor.
Three-dimensional imaging through scattering media based on confocal diffuse tomography (2020)

Optical imaging techniques, such as light detection and ranging (LiDAR), are essential tools in remote sensing, robotic vision, and autonomous driving. However, the presence of scattering places fundamental limits on our ability to image through fog, rain, dust, or the atmosphere. Conventional approaches for imaging through scattering media operate at microscopic scales or require a priori knowledge of the target location for 3D imaging. We introduce a technique that co-designs single-photon avalanche diodes, ultra-fast pulsed lasers, and a new inverse method to capture 3D shape through scattering media. We demonstrate acquisition of shape and position for objects hidden behind a thick diffuser (≈6 transport mean free paths) at macroscopic scales. Our technique, confocal diffuse tomography, may be of considerable value to the aforementioned applications.
Revisiting the interpretation of casein micelle SAXS data (2016)

An in-depth, critical review of model-dependent fitting of small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) data of bovine skim milk has led us to develop a new mathematical model for interpreting these data. Calcium-edge resonant soft X-ray scattering data provides unequivocal evidence as to the shape and location of the scattering due to colloidal calcium phosphate, which is manifested as a correlation peak centred at q = 0.035 Å(-1). In SAXS data this feature is seldom seen, although most literature studies attribute another feature centred at q = 0.08-0.1 Å(-1) to CCP. This work shows that the major SAXS features are due to protein arrangements: the casein micelle itself; internal regions approximately 20 nm in size, separated by water channels; and protein structures which are inhomogeneous on a 1-3 nm length scale. The assignment of these features is consistent with their behaviour under various conditions, including hydration time after reconstitution, addition of EDTA (a Ca-chelating agent), addition of urea, and reduction of pH.
Weiterbildung nach Maß: Lehrgang „TUSI – Tunnelsicherheit in Bau und Betrieb“ (2019)

Zusammenfassung Die Sicherheit von Tunnelbauwerken ist ein Querschnittsthema, das verschiedene Interessensgruppen von der Planung über den Bau bis zum Betrieb betrifft. Im Rahmen des Qualifizierungsprojektes „TUSI – Tunnelsicherheit in Bau und Betrieb“ waren alle Projektpartner an der Konzeption der 9 Ausbildungsmodule beteiligt. Das erworbene Wissen wurde von den TeilnehmerInnen in einem Praxisprojekt umgesetzt. Zur sichtbaren Darstellung der Fachkompetenz erfolgte eine Personenzertifizierung nach den Anforderungen der ISO 17024. Mit dem Projekt wurde der Grundstein für die Entwicklung eines internationalen Universitätslehrganges auf dem Gebiet der Tunnelsicherheit gelegt.
Endoscopic Needle Aspiration of a Gastric Duplication Cyst (1995)

Gastric duplication cysts are rare and generally asymptomatic in adults. They are usually discovered incidentally at upper gastrointestinal endoscopy or barium contrast radiography. We report here the case of a 41-year-old woman with a gastric submucosal mass, initially diagnosed as a leiomyoma that proved to be a gastric cyst. The cyst was aspirated under direct endoscopic vision using a standard sclerotherapy needle. To our knowledge, this is the first description of such a procedure.
Evolving Principles of Surgical Management and Prognostic Factors for Outcome in Renal Cell Carcinoma (2006)

The generally accepted principles for the surgical management of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) were first described more than 30 years ago. Since then, much has changed in the understanding of the basic biology and genetics of kidney cancer. Improvements in cross-sectional imaging has allowed for more accurate preoperative clinical staging of renal tumors, and the necessity of completing all the components of the radical nephrectomy have been questioned. Surgical techniques have also evolved, and technology has advanced to make possible new methods of managing renal tumors. The TNM staging system is currently the most extensively used system to provide prognostic information for RCC. However, data published in the last few years has led to significant controversies as to whether further revisions are needed and whether improvements can be made with the introduction of new, more accurate and predictive prognostic factors. Furthermore, the recent discovery of molecular tumor markers are expected to revolutionize the staging of RCC and lead to the development of new therapies based on molecular targeting. This review will examine the evolving principles in the surgical management of RCC as well as provide an update on current staging modalities and prognostic factors.
Stable Lasers In Dynamic Environments (1987)

Short term laser frequency stability is an important parameter affecting target velocity resolution of a coherent laser radar (ladar) system. This paper presents CO<sub>2</sub> laser design considerations which affect frequency stability, measures the frequency sensitivity of the laser to various stimuli, and evaluates performance of an actively stabilized, unmodulated output CO<sub>2</sub> laser. A frequency modulated acousto-optic modulator is used to produce a control beam which is passed through a low pressure SF6 gas cell and the laser is locked to the resultant saturated absorption peak. This investigation demonstrated laser frequency instability for periods up to 50 msec of less than &plusmn;500 Hz when the piezoelectric transducer (PZT) drive voltage was off, and about &plusmn;900 Hz when the laser was free running with voltage applied to the PZT. When a 90 dB, 200 Hz acoustic disturbance was applied, the frequency instability was less than &plusmn;4.3 kHz and &plusmn;2.8 kHz when the laser was free running and locked, respectively.
The Asp-His-iron triad of cytochrome c peroxidase controls the reduction potential electronic structure, and coupling of the tryptophan free radical to the heme (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Asp-His-iron triad of cytochrome c peroxidase controls the reduction potential electronic structure, and coupling of the tryptophan free radical to the hemeDavid B. Goodin and Duncan E. McReeCite this: Biochemistry 1993, 32, 13, 3313–3324Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/bi00064a014https://doi.org/10.1021/bi00064a014research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views876Altmetric-Citations224LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Search for one-round differential characteristics of lighweight block cipher Cypress-256 (2018)

This paper presents three approaches to search for one-round differential characteristics with high probability for post quantum lightweight block cipher Cypress-256. The presented methods include the selection of appropriate input differences to the round function based on the properties of modulo addition operation. The proposed optimized method allowed to find differential characteristics for the round function of Cypress-256 with the probability 1/4.
Computer simulation of the interaction of water & carbonate with oxide minerals (2008)

This paper is the second of two which together report on a 2-year research project (Davies et al. 1994) investigating the implementation and impact of introducing mentors in the Common Foundation Programme of the new scheme for preregistration nurse education. The study was commissioned by the Department of Health and undertaken on an all-Wales basis. The first paper (Phillips et al. 1996) set the scene by discussing some underlying issues to policy reforms in nurse education, then placing the study setting within the context of a changing scenario in the National Health Service. The key techniques of data collection were then outlined (interviews, diary accounts, questionnaires, observations in clinical settings). This second paper will present the key themes to emerge from the data and suggest some important issues which arise from the findings of the research, worthy of further consideration and debate.
Effect of Gain Saturation on Wideband WDM Signal in PPLN-Based Optical Parametric Amplifier (2023)

The periodically poled LiNbO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> (PPLN) based optical parametric amplifier (OPA) is a technology that contributes to the construction of multi-band wavelength-division multiplexing (WDM) optical networks thanks to its wide amplification bandwidth and wavelength conversion function. In addition, the fast response of the OPA means it is unaffected by sudden changes of wavelength channels due to dynamic channel add-drop. However, such fast response leads to nonlinear signal distortion when operating in the gain saturation region. This paper experimentally investigates the conversion of gain saturation into the nonlinear amplitude distortion in a 64-Gbaud 64QAM WDM signal. We characterized the input power tolerance of a PPLN-based OPA in wideband WDM applications and found that the nonlinear amplitude distortion can be suppressed by increasing the number of WDM channels. For a 75-GHz-spacing 64-channel WDM configuration, the total input power tolerance was improved by ∼10 dB compared to a single-channel case. We also confirmed that there is almost no wavelength dependence of the effect of gain saturation on the signal distortion. These results show that PPLN-based OPAs have a wide total input power range for amplifying wideband WDM signals in terms of the nonlinear distortion.
Limitations of Extracorporeal Shockwave Lithotripsy for Lower Caliceal Stones: Anatomic Insight* (1994)

In addition to gravity-dependent position, we suppose that other particular anatomic features may be important in the retention of stone debris in lower calices after extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy (SWL). We analyzed the inferior-pole collecting system anatomy in 146 three-dimensional polyester resin corrosion endocasts of the pelviocaliceal system. In 74% of the cases, there was an angle of greater than 90 degrees formed between the lower infundibulum and the renal pelvis, and in 26%, the angle was 90 degrees or less. In 60%, there was a lower infundibulum 4 mm or larger in diameter. The inferior pole was drained by multiple calices disposed in two rows in 57% of the cases and by one midline caliceal infundibulum in 43%. We believe that the physician must appreciate these anatomic features when considering SWL to treat calculi located in lower calices.
Low-mass molecular dynamics simulation for configurational sampling enhancement: More evidence and theoretical explanation (2015)

It has been reported recently that classical, isothermal-isobaric molecular dynamics (NTP MD) simulations at a time step of 1.00 fs of the standard-mass time (Δ<i>t</i>=1.00 fs<sup>smt</sup>) and a temperature of ≤340 K using uniformly reduced atomic masses by tenfold offers better configurational sampling than standard-mass NTP MD simulations at the same time step. However, it has long been reported that atomic masses can also be increased to improve configurational sampling because higher atomic masses permit the use of a longer time step. It is worth investigating whether standard-mass NTP MD simulations at Δ<i>t</i>=2.00 or 3.16 fs<sup>smt</sup> can offer better or comparable configurational sampling than low-mass NTP MD simulations at Δ<i>t</i>=1.00 fs<sup>smt</sup>. This article reports folding simulations of two β-hairpins showing that the configurational sampling efficiency of NTP MD simulations using atomic masses uniformly reduced by tenfold at Δ<i>t</i>=1.00 fs<sup>smt</sup> is statistically equivalent to and better than those using standard masses at Δ<i>t</i>=3.16 and 2.00 fs<sup>smt</sup>, respectively. The results confirm that, relative to those using standard masses at routine Δ<i>t</i>=2.00 fs<sup>smt</sup>, the low-mass NTP MD simulations at Δ<i>t</i>=1.00 fs<sup>smt</sup> are a simple and generic technique to enhance configurational sampling at temperatures of ≤340 K.
The Hill End community oral history project (1981)

While funded by the National Parks and Wildlife Service through the assistance of Service archaeologist, Michael Pearson, I completed two contracts to record the memories of the elderly Hill End mining and rural community. I became interested in Hill End while visiting the village as a journalist writing a feature for a new magazine. During my stay, I noticed the Hill End people had been overlooked by Parks and Wildlife historians in the reconstruction of the village's history for development of the historic site. On investigation, I found some of the elderly people were descendants of early Hill End alluvial miners and had lived in the area for most of their lives. The elderly population at Hill End had been rapidly declining over the past few years and I knew if a project to record their history was not started immediately, more valuable memories and life experiences of that community would be lost. Hill End was also close to my own home territory at Fremantle on the Macquarie River, where as a child, I used to listen to my great-grandmother recall stories about her regular horse rides to the busy mining town last century.
An Overview on Template Matching Methodologies and its Applications (2013)

﻿﻿﻿ A very common task in pattern recognition is template matching. The detection and recognition of objects in images is a key research topic in the computer vision community. Within this area, image recognition and interpretation has attracted increasing attention owing to the possibility of unveiling human perception mechanisms, and for the development of practical biometric systems. Various template matching methodology like NTM, ICM, PCM, GBM, EBM are explored. Template matching is applied in versatile field such as signal processing, image processing, pattern recognition, and video compression . This paper provides the descriptive overview of applications and methodologies were template matching techniques are explored.
Ionizing photon interactions in a material induce modulation of its optical properties at a femtosecond time scale: A new direction to improve timing for ToF-PET (2017)

In this paper, we take insight from the nascent field of ultrafast X-ray science at free electron lasers (xFELs) and prove the ultrafast nature of ionizing radiation photon induced refractive index modulation process, which can potentially be used for annihilation photon detection with significantly improved coincidence time resolution (CTR) for time-of-flight positron emission tomography (ToF-PET) systems. At the Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS) at the SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, the arrival time of X-ray pulses with photon energies between 0.5-10keV are detected with 10fs time resolution using an optical readout field. In this work, we used similar interferometric method with spectrum encoded timing information to observe the ionization charge induced refractive index modulation process in yttrium aluminum garnet (YAG), lutetium-yttrium oxyorthosilicate (LYSO) and bismuth silicon oxide (BSO) crystal samples. By using the ultrafast X-ray pulses with 50fs duration from LCLS, we have proved that the refractive index modulation induced by ionizing radiation photons indeed occurs within 50fs time scale for all crystal samples. This shows the potential of adopting the interferometric detection method and using the mechanism of refractive index modulation for annihilation photon detection, in order to dramatically improve PET CTR. Since our proposed method does not depend on optical scintillation as the readout mechanism, we are free to explore non-scintillation and nontraditional detection materials.
Mean-quantization-based fragile watermarking for image authentication (2001)

The authors propose an image authentication scheme, which is able to detect malicious tampering while tolerating some incidental distortions. By modeling the magnitude changes caused by incidental distortion and malicious tampering as Gaussian distributions with small and large variances, respectively, they propose to embed a watermark by using a mean-quantization technique in the wavelet domain. The pro- posed scheme is superior to the conventional quantization-based ap- proaches in credibility of authentication. Statistical analysis is conducted to show that the probabilities of watermark errors caused by malicious tampering and incidental distortion will be, respectively, maximized and minimized when the new scheme is applied. Experimental results dem- onstrate that the credibility of the method is superior to that of the con- ventional quantization-based methods under malicious attack followed by an incidental modification, such as JPEG compression, sharpening or blurring. © 2001 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers.
On-Line Capillary Electrophoresis-Electrospray Mass Spectrometry for the Analysis of Pharmaceuticals (1999)

The on-line coupling of capillary electrophoresis (CE) with mass spectrometry using the electrospray-ionization mode (ESI-MS) is a promising combination of two analytical techniques. While CE provides high separation efficiency per unit of time, mass spectrometry affords high sensitivity and selectivity as well as molecular structural information. Three different projects are under way in our laboratory and are presented to illustrate the potential of CE-ESI-MS in pharmaceutical analysis. First, the determination of Ecstasy and other amphetamine derivatives in urine samples is reported. Second, the analysis of secondary metabolites, present in plant extracts such as tropane alkaloids, is depicted. Furthermore, the enantioselective analysis of pharmaceutical drugs and metabolites in human plasma is also described.