gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Nanocalorimetric evidence for nematic superconductivity in the doped topological insulator Sr0.1Bi2Se3 (2018)

Spontaneous rotational-symmetry breaking in the superconducting state of doped ${\mathrm{Bi}}_{2}{\mathrm{Se}}_{3}$ has attracted significant attention as an indicator for topological superconductivity. In this paper, high-resolution calorimetry of the single-crystal ${\mathrm{Sr}}_{0.1}{\mathrm{Bi}}_{2}{\mathrm{Se}}_{3}$ provides unequivocal evidence of a twofold rotational symmetry in the superconducting gap by a bulk thermodynamic probe, a fingerprint of nematic superconductivity. The extremely small specific heat anomaly resolved with our high-sensitivity technique is consistent with the material's low carrier concentration proving bulk superconductivity. The large basal-plane anisotropy of ${H}_{c2}$ (${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Gamma}}}_{\mathrm{exp}}=3.5$) is attributed to a nematic phase of a two-component topological gap structure $\mathbf{\ensuremath{\eta}}=({\ensuremath{\eta}}_{1},{\ensuremath{\eta}}_{2})$ and caused by a symmetry-breaking energy term $\ensuremath{\delta}(|{\ensuremath{\eta}}_{1}{|}^{2}\ensuremath{-}|{\ensuremath{\eta}}_{2}{|}^{2}){T}_{c}$. A quantitative analysis of our data excludes more conventional sources of this twofold anisotropy and provides an estimate for the symmetry-breaking strength $\ensuremath{\delta}\ensuremath{\approx}0.1$, a value that points to an onset transition of the second order parameter component below 2 K.
Increased Hot-Electron Production at Quarter-Critical Density in Long-Scale-Length Laser-Plasma Interactions (1985)

Hot-electron fractions measured in Nd-laser-plasma interactions at ${10}^{14}$ W/${\mathrm{cm}}^{2}$ increase from 0.02% to 0.3% as the plasma scale length at quarter-critical density ($\frac{{n}_{c}}{4}$) is systematically increased from 140 to 320 \ensuremath{\mu}m. Correlated x-ray and $\frac{3\ensuremath{\omega}}{2}$ emissions indicate that the hot electrons are produced by an $\frac{{n}_{c}}{4}$ instability.
Dynamic beam steering using directional antennas in mmwave wireless networks (2011)

This paper proposes the use of a beam steering scheme for establishing multicast communication between millimeter-wave devices in 60GHz wireless networks. It should be noted that beam steering is a key technique for the millimeter-wave multicast devices scattered omni directionally. We derive the analytical expression for the dynamic beamforming, and we observe the impact of the number of beams. Extensive simulation results show that dynamic beam steering enable more efficient sectoring than fixed beam steering.
A Dislocation-Crystal Plasticity Simulation on FCC Single Crystal Considering Geometrically Necessary Dislocation Density and Incompatibility (2008)

In the previous paper, the geometrically necessary (GN) incompatibility is newly defined and a new annihilation term of dislocation pairs due to the dynamic recovery is introduced into an expression of dislocation density. Furthermore, a multiscale model of crystal plasticity is proposed by considering the GN dislocation density and incompatibility. However, details of dislocation-crystal plasticity calculation are not given. In this paper, we explain a method of dislocation-crystal plasticity analysis. A finite element simulation is carried out for an f.c.c. single crystal under plane strain tension. It is numerically predicted that micro shear bands are formed at large strain, and sub-GNBs: small angle tilt boundaries are induced along these bands. Furthermore, the annihilation of dislocation pairs and the increase of dislocation mean free path characterizing stage III of work-hardening are computationally predicted.
Cadmium, Environmental Exposure, and Health Outcomes (2009)

Population data raise concerns about the validity of the current safe intake level that uses the kidney as the sole target in assessing the health risk from ingested cadmium. The data also question the validity of incorporating the default 5% absorption rate in the threshold-type risk assessment model, known as the provisional tolerable weekly intake (PTWI), to derive a safe intake level for cadmium.
Spatially constrained Bag-of-Visual-Words for hyperspectral image classification (2016)

This paper proposes a spatially constrained Bag-of-Visual-Words (BOV) method for hyperspectral image classification. We firstly extract the texture feature. The spectral and texture features are used as two types of low-level features, based on which, the high-level visual-words are constructed by the proposed method. We use the entropy rate superpixel segmentation method to segment the hyperspectral into patches that well keep the homogeneousness of regions. The patches are regarded as documents in BOV model. Then k-means clustering is implemented to cluster pixels to construct codebook. Finally, the BOV representation is constructed with the statistics of the occurrence of visual-words for each patch. Experiments on a real data show that the proposed method is comparable to several state of the art methods.
Reservoir Limit Testing For Fractured Wells (1978)

ABSTRACT The purpose of the paper is to extend reservoir limit test analysis techniques to fractured wells. By deriving the pseudo-steady state pressure functions for an unfractured and a fractured well at any position of a closed rectangle, it is shown that shape factors for fractured wells are not readily obtainable from the ones for unfractured wells. Exact analytical expressions of shape factors for fractured and unfractured wells in a closed rectangle are presented, along with graphs of these quantities versus appropriate parameters. Type curves for a fractured well at the center of a closed rectangle are also provided. Both uniform flux and infinite conductivity fractures are considered. The curves presented in this paper are then used with actual field data for estimating the drainage volume of a fractured well and the shape of the well drainage area. INTRODUCTION Reservoir limit tests, introduced by Jones1, are commonly used for evaluating the reservoir volume communicating with the well. The analysis is based on the fact that the well pressure during pseudo-steady state flow is a linear function of the production time:Equation 1 whereEquation 2 andEquation 3 A represents the drainage area (in sq.ft) and CA the drainage area shape factor. Eq. 1 may also written in dimensionless form as:Equation 4 withEquation 5 andEquation 6 A cartesian plot of bottom-hole flowing pressure versus production time will thus yield a straight line after pseudo-steady state conditions are reached. The slope of the straight line (Eq.2) may be used to estimate the connected reservoir drainage volume:Equation 7 and the drainage area, if Ï?h is known. The shape of the drainage area may be estimated from the pseudo-steady state cartesian plot if pressure data are also available from an infinite acting flow period2. These are used to determine the semi-log straight line slope:Equation 8 and p1hr. The system shape factor is then obtained from:Equation 9 By comparing the calculated CA with the ones published in the literature for various drainage area configuration3–5, it is possible to estimate the shape of the drainage area.
Control of FimY translation and type 1 fimbrial production by the arginine tRNA encoded by fimU in Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (2001)

Expression of type 1 fimbriae in Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium undergoes phase variation or alteration between a fimbriate and a non-fimbriate phenotype. This variation is known to be dependent upon environmental conditions in vitro and is thought to be a complex process involving regulation by a number of proteins. The regulatory genes located within the fim cluster include fimZ, fimY and fimW. A fourth gene of the cluster, fimU, encodes a tRNA molecule specific for rare arginine codons. We have shown previously that fimU affects the expression of S. typhimurium type 1 fimbriae, and that fimU is functionally related to the Escherichia coli gene argU. A high frequency of rare arginine codons was found within the three fim regulatory genes, and five of these codons were clustered within fimY alone. To investigate the affects of fimU on FimY production, a FimY fusion with the E. coli maltose-binding protein was constructed and expressed in an E. coli argU background. Western blots of extracts from the argU mutant and parental strain indicated that production of FimY was significantly reduced in the absence of a functional tRNAArg(UCU). FimY production in this mutant could be restored to high levels when fimU was introduced on a plasmid, and also when three rare arginine codons, located within the first 14 positions within fimY, were exchanged for major arginine codons. A Tn10 insertion from a Salmonella enteritidis fimU mutant was transduced into S. typhimurium, and this strain was analysed for the expression of type 1 fimbriae. The resulting S. typhimurium fimU mutant was found to be non-fimbriate under all conditions tested and could be complemented by the introduction of fimU alone on a plasmid. In addition, this mutant could be complemented by transformation with fimY altered in the first three rare arginine codons. Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction confirmed that the fimY transcript was present at similar levels in the fimU mutant and parental strain. These results indicated that the observed inhibition of protein expression was not occurring at the transcriptional level. Analysis of expression of the malEfimY fusion in the S. typhimurium fimU mutant and parental strain confirmed the data observed in E. coli. In contrast, a FimW fusion was found to be produced at similar levels in both the fimU mutant and the parental strain. Together, these data indicate that the absence of a functional fimU results in the inhibition of efficient FimY translation, and thus type 1 fimbrial production in S. typhimurium.
Humoral factors in ALS patients during disease progression (2015)

Our results demonstrated a systemic pro-inflammatory state and impaired antioxidant system in ALS patients during disease progression. Increased levels of pro-inflammatory IL-6, IL-8, and nitrite and significantly decreased endogenous antioxidant GSH levels could identify these humoral constituents as systemic biomarkers for ALS. However, systemic changes in IL-2, IL-5, and IL-6 levels determined between visits in ALS patients might indicate adaptive immune system responses dependent on current disease stage. These novel findings, showing dynamic changes in humoral effectors during disease progression, could be important for development of an effective treatment for ALS.
A 80W high gain and broadband Doherty power amplifier for 4/5G wireless communication systems (2016)

This paper presents a 80W high gain and broadband Doherty power amplifier (DPA) with symmetrical devices, employing Wolfspeed's CGHV27030S GaN HEMT. A novel architecture is used to eliminate the complex interaction of varying second harmonic impedances caused by active load modulation and provide high efficiency at output back-off (OBO) region and saturation point. Under a 10% duty cycle pulse excitation from 3.35-3.50 GHz, experimental results show the proposed DPA delivers 49.1-49.5 dBm output power with a drain efficiency (DE) of 50.2%-55.1% at 8 dB OBO and achieves a gain of 14.6-14.9 dB at an output power of 41 dBm. When extend the bandwidth to 3.3-3.6 GHz, the DPA can attain a measured DE higher than 40.9% at an OBO of 8 dB with a saturated power of 48.5-49.5 dBm. For a 2-carrier 40-MHz long-term evolution (LTE) signal with a peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) of 8 dB, the adjacent channel leakage ratio (ACLR) is -30 dBc at 41 dBm average output power at 3.45 GHz.
Irrigation Salinity Effects on Tifway Bermudagrass Growth and Nitrogen Uptake (2019)

ABSTRACT Salinity stress is becoming a more prevalent issue for turf managers due to increased use of recycled water for irrigation. While published data are available on electrical conductivity (EC) thresholds for maintaining adequate turf growth and quality, data are lacking on the relationship between increasing irrigation and/or soil EC and turfgrass nutrient uptake efficiency. The objectives of this greenhouse experiment were to evaluate the effects of five irrigation water sources (reverse osmosis, sodic potable, 2.5 dS m −1 saline [SA], 5 dS m −1 SA, and 10 dS m −1 SA) and two soluble fertilizer N sources ( 15 N‐labeled sources of ammonium sulfate and urea) on Tifway bermudagrass [ Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. × C. transvaalensis Burtt‐Davy] growth responses and N uptake efficiency. Results demonstrated that Tifway bermudagrass was capable of tolerating irrigation EC levels up to 5 dS m −1 , which corresponded to final soil EC levels (at 2.5‐cm depth) of ∼2 to 2.6 dS m −1 . However, with 10 dS m −1 irrigation (corresponding to soil EC levels of ∼3–5 dS m −1 ), turf quality declined to unacceptable levels and N uptake noticeably declined. Also, under increasing salinity (salinity levels of 2.5, 5, and 10 dS m −1 ), urea produced superior turf quality relative to ammonium sulfate. Collectively, the results indicate that for well‐watered, sand‐based Tifway bermudagrass, lower N fertilization rates should be considered once irrigation EC levels exceed 5 dS m −1 or corresponding soil EC levels at the 2.5‐cm depth exceed 2 dS m −1 . Although N uptake efficiency of ammonium sulfate was greater than that of urea across all water sources in Year 1, results indicate that urea provided higher turf quality than ammonium sulfate under elevated salinity.
[Experimental effects of olpadronate and pamidronate on bone mass]. (1997)

Ovariectomy and immobilization in rats have demonstrated to be useful models for osteopenia and they are considered to mimic some aspects of human osteoporosis associated with a deficit of ovarian hormones and the absence of mechanical function (disuse of the bone). Pamidronate (APD) and Olpadronate (OLPA), a new dimethylated aminobisphosphonate, on a continuous oral scheme (APD: 8 and OLPA: 0.8 mg/kg/day) or on an intermittent parenteral scheme (APD: 1.25 and OLPA: 0.075 mg/kg every 15 days) did effectively prevent the trabecular bone loss caused by immobilization (unilateral sciaticectomy), by lack of ovarian stimuli (bilateral ovariectomy) or by both approaches. There were no signs of deterioration in the cortical bone mass. In a model of preestablished osteopenia, caused by estrogen deprivation, OLPA stopped the progression of the bone mass loss (0.5 mg/kg/i.v. every 15 days) and restored (0.30-0.60 mg/kg/i.v. every 15 days) the bone mineral density which had been affected (trabecular and cortical). The different activity of OLPA and APD on trabecular and cortical regions of long bones seems to accompany their different responses because of negative stimulus: better responses were more evident in the trabecular bone which proved to be more labile. In these "in vivo" models of OLPA's efficacy was similar to APD's but it was roughly 5-10 times more potent. OLPA has a high safety margin. Therefore, it could advantageously be used in those bone diseases which benefit with the use of bisphosphonates.
ChemInform Abstract: DRY OZONATION, A METHOD FOR STEREOSELECTIVE HYDROXYLATION OF SATURATED COMPOUNDS ON SILICA GEL (1975)

Abstract An Silicagel können Kohlenwasserstoffe mit tertiärem Kohlenstoff durch Ozon in die entsprechenden tert. Alkohole übergeführt werden.
Signal processing algorithm on a low resource processor: DTMF strings identification on a DIL8 package microcontroller (2008)

In this paper we describe a low cost embedded system integrating all the functionalities needed for the analogical processing of radio communication transponder. We particularly put the emphasis on the optimized algorithm of tone and DTMF (dual tone multiple frequencies) detection in a DIP 8 microcontroller with only 64 bytes of RAM. We also present all the limits and the main advantages of our solution compared at other analogical solutions.
Simultaneous kinetic and microdielectric studies of some epoxy-amine systems (1998)

Three reactive epoxy–amine systems based on diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A (DGEBA) with 4,4′-diaminodiphenylsulfone (DDS), 4,4′-methylenebis [3-chloro 2,6-diethylaniline] (MCDEA), and 4,4′-methylenebis [2,6-diethylaniline] (MDEA), were studied during isothermal curings at 140 and 160°C. The simultaneous kinetic and dielectric studies allow to express conductivity, σ, in terms of conversion, x, and of glass transition temperature, Tg. The conductivity, σ0, of the initial monomer mixture and, σ∞ of the fully cured network are measured. It is found that: The glass transition temperature, Tg, versus conversion, x, curves follows the equation of Di Benedetto modified by Pascault and Williams There exists a linear relation between log σ/log σ0 and Tg. So, it is possible to predict both kinetic and dielectric behaviors of these epoxy-amine systems by the knowledge of Tg0, ΔCp0, and σ0, respectively, glass transition temperature, heat capacity, and conductivity of initial monomer mixture, Tg∞ and ΔCp∞, and σ∞, respectively, glass transition temperature and heat capacity and conductivity of fully cured network. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci B: Polym Phys 36: 2911–2921, 1998
Controls for the Masses [Focus on Education] (2013)

During the spring of 2013, I taught a massive open online course (MOOC), Control of Mobile Robots, to over 40,000 students worldwide. Online resources for higher education have received significant attention during the last year, but upper-level engineering classes have been virtually absent from all the major MOOC content providers(Udacity, Coursera, edX).
5315 Structural Optimization of CF/GF hybrid wind turbine blade using Multi-Objective Genetic Algorithm and Response Surface Methodology (2006)

Large wind tuebine blade is prospected to be CF/GF hybrid blade made with Carbon Fiber Reinforsced Plastic and Glass Fiber Reinforced Plastic, and structural optimization of the blade is multi-objective optimization problem (MOOP) about weight and cost. The optimum solutions for MOOP are Pareto optimum solutions. In this paper, the MOOP is solved using Multi-Objectibe Genetic Algorithm (MOGA). Meanwhile, blade structure is necessary to satisfy a constraint not to fracture under maximum load. To evaluate the constraint, FEM analysis is used. This cause enormous calculation cost. In this paper, to reduce this, response surface approximating the degree of constraint satisfaction is created. Since Pareto solutions obtained using response surface don't necessarily satisfy the constraint, it should be confirmed whether they satisfy the constraint or not using FEM analysis. If some of the solutions don't satisfy the constraint, whose response data is added in, and the response surface is restructured to improve its accuracy. Repeating restructuring, obtained Pareto solutions will converge to exact Pareto Optima. At this point, in the MOGA Optimization, the accuracy of convergence of solutions is improved using quasi-Pareto Optimum Initial Population to reduce the number of restructuring. As a result, the the number of FEM analysis is reduced to 1400 times.
Ferroelectricity in (PbySn1−y)2P2S6 mixed crystals and random field BEG model (2015)

Abstract In Sn P S ferroelectric under compression, the second‐order phase transition line is observed down to the tricritical point as the transition temperature decreases to 250 K. A tricriticality at a similar temperature is also revealed in the mixed crystals on S Se substitution. For the mixed crystals with Sn Pb substitution, ultrasound, hypersound, and low‐frequency dielectric studies also show heterophase features appearing on decrease of the ferroelectric transition temperature below a so‐called “waterline temperature” near 250 K. Such behavior agrees with the Blume–Emery–Griffiths (BEG) model appropriate for the ferroelectric system under investigation with a three‐well local potential for the order parameter fluctuations. The BEG model modified by the random‐field phase diagram in the vicinity of the tricritical point qualitatively explains the influence of the cationic substitution on the (Pb Sn ) P S ferroelectric properties.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthetic Study on Stemona Alkaloids. Highly Stereoselective Construction of α‐Methyl‐γ‐lactone Substituted 1‐ Azabicyclo(5.3.0)decanes. (1996)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Probing electronic dead layers in homoepitaxial n-SrTiO3(001) films (2022)

We combine state-of-the-art oxide epitaxial growth by hybrid molecular beam epitaxy with transport, x-ray photoemission, and surface diffraction, along with classical and first-principles quantum mechanical modeling to investigate the nuances of insulating layer formation in otherwise high-mobility homoepitaxial n-SrTiO3(001) films. Our analysis points to charge immobilization at the buried n-SrTiO3/undoped SrTiO3(001) interface as well as within the surface contamination layer resulting from air exposure as the drivers of electronic dead-layer formation. As Fermi level equilibration occurs at the surface and the buried interface, charge trapping reduces the sheet carrier density (n2D) and renders the n-STO film insulating if n2D falls below the critical value for the metal-to-insulator transition.
Towards Nanowire (Bio) Sensors (2011)

Nanowire based electrochemical devices represent a new and emerging class of sensors. In this work, we fabricate gold nanowires with well controlled critical dimensions using hybrid-electron beam lithography. Individual nanowire electrodes are routinely fabricated and are easily electrically contacted using overlay electrodes. Following fabrication, nanowire device performance is assessed using both electrical and electrochemical characterization techniques. We observe low electrical resistances (∼ 900 Ω) with typical linear Ohmic responses from fully packaged nanowire devices. Steady-state cyclic voltammograms in ferrocenemonocarboxylic acid demonstrate scan rate independence up to 1000 mV s−1 with low interfacial capacitance. The applicability of these nanowire electrodes for sensing was explored using square wave voltammetry.
Conveyance Method of Thin Plate by Using Multiple‐phase Air Flow (2017)

SUMMARY This paper deals with a transfer method for a thin plate by levitating with multiphase air flow. Noncontact transfer methods are required for glass plates and semiconductor wafers in order to keep them clean. In the proposed method, a thin plate was slightly levitated with a small inclination by blowing and sucking air from orifice restrictors, and airflow was blown against the lower side of the plate so that the driving force was generated. The plate was continuously carried by shifting the air flow pattern in accordance with the plate position. Forty‐eight air flow slots were arranged with intervals of 15 mm. The velocity of a plate with dimensions of 90 mm × 100 mm × 2 mm and a weight of 139 g was almost linearly increased at an acceleration of 15 mm/s 2 and reached 50 mm/s after driving for 3 s. The levitated height was 0.13 and 0.28 mm at the lower and higher sides at air pressures of the positive and negative restrictors of +7.0 and less than −3.0 kPa, respectively. In the case of an initial velocity of 60 mm/s, the plate was turned in reverse after moving for 100 mm. The plate can move reciprocally by reversing the air flow pattern.
Pd nanoparticles in silica hollow spheres with mesoporous walls: a nanoreactor with extremely high activity (2010)

A true nanoreactor composed of mesoporous silica hollow spheres and Pd nanoparticles residing inside the spheres shows superior activity in Suzuki coupling reactions with 99.5% yield in 3 min.