gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Abstract 2783: Inhibition of prosurvival autophagy by the BH3-mimetic obatoclax sensitizes antiestrogen-resistant breast cancer cells to apoptosis (2012)

Abstract Antiestrogens (AEs) have long been a standard treatment for estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) breast cancer patients. However, antiestrogen resistance, either de novo or acquired, is a major hurdle for effective therapy in breast cancer patients. To address this, the underlying mechanisms of antiestrogen resistance must be understood. One common mechanism by which AE resistant cells thrive is by overexpressing BCL2 and its antiapoptotic family members, which allows cancer cells to survive under conditions that would normally cause apoptosis. We discovered that the BH3-mimetic, obatoclax (GX15-070), significantly reduces cell proliferation and, in combination with fulvestrant or tamoxifen, results in a synergistic inhibition of cell growth in AE resistant breast cancer cells. Obatoclax exhibits potency against BCL2, BCL-XL, BCLW, MCL1, and A1 and is currently being used in clinical trials directed at lymhomas and leukemia. However, the molecular mechanisms of cell death by obatoclax are unclear. We show that obatoclax induces apoptosis and autophagosome formation in AE-resistant breast cancer cells. To compensate for the increase in autophagosomal formation as measured by LC3, obatoclax also induces lysosome formation to prepare for cellular breakdown. This study is the first to show that obatoclax inhibits prosurvival autophagy by preventing the degradation of LC3 and p62 through a cathepsin-dependent mechanism. Furthermore, overexpression of BCL2 in breast cancer cells “primes” the cells with BH3-only proteins and renders the cancer cell sensitive to treatment with obatoclax. Collectively, these data support exploration of clinical trials combining an AE and the BCL2 inhibitor, obatoclax, for the treatment of AE-resistant breast cancer. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2783. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-2783
Remanufacturing Process and Improvement in Fatigue Life of Spherical Roller Bearings (2014)

This study proposes a sustainable bearing remanufacturing process using the ultrasonic nanocrystal surface modification (UNSM) technique. The UNSM technique is a newly developed and sophisticated surface modification technique that can increase the mechanical properties and improve the friction and wear performance of materials. Taking advantage of the bearing manufacturing process is the most significant way of optimizing the life of a bearing. The proper maintenance and usage of repaired bearings can increase their life to be equal to or greater than that of new bearings. This paper discusses the restoration of certain mechanical properties of worn, damaged, and discarded bearings, and suggests a remanufacturing process for used bearings, which can impart them with a lifespan equivalent to that of new bearings. The most damaged part of the discarded bearings is the raceway, which is the site of accumulated fatigue. The existing polishing or barrel finishing processes can recover the accumulated fatigue only partially. Rolling contact fatigue tests performed on UNSM-treated new and used specimens polished after <TEX>$4{\times}10^6$</TEX> cycles reveal that UNSM-treated new specimens exhibit the longest fatigue life compared to other specimens. This study verifies the proposed complete fatigue recovery process, which can increase the fatigue life of used bearings to a level greater than that of new bearings.
Adaptive stabilization of linear 2 × 2 hyperbolic PDEs with spatially varying coefficients using swapping (2017)

We extend recent results on adaptive state feedback stabilization of systems described as linear 2 × 2 hyperbolic partial differential equations (PDEs), by offering a solution for the case of having spatially varying in-domain coefficients. Proof of L <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> -boundedness, as well as boundedness and asymptotic convergence to zero pointwise in space for all signals in the closed loop are offered, and the theory is demonstrated in a simulation.
Product development of FGD recovered magnesium hydroxide (1999)

The ThioClear FGD processes developed by the Dravo Lime Company (DLC) produce a high brightness gypsum and magnesium hydroxide (Mg(OH){sub 2}) by-product. Both originate as white precipitates from a solution of magnesium sulfate. The use of magnesium-enhanced lime avoids the mineral impurities from direct neutralization when using pulverized limestone rock. White, pure FGD synthetic gypsum can be used to produce higher value products such as mineral fillers and industrial plasters. This paper focuses on the product development of the Mg(OH){sub 2} by-product. Commercial Mg(OH){sub 2} sells at over $200/Ton for a variety of uses, most of which is wastewater treatment and a feedstock to make magnesium chemicals and refractories. Beneficial uses in the power plant are pH control of acidic coal pile stormwater runoff and bottom ash quench water. A future use being explored is injection into coal fired boilers to neutralize sulfur trioxide (SO{sub 3}) to prevent stack gas opacity related emission problems and minimize air preheater corrosion and fouling. The objective of this project is to improve the purity and solids content of the by-product after it is separated from the gypsum. Several options were investigated to convert it into a more marketable or usable form. Test resultsmore » and economic evaluations are reported during the different process steps needed to improve the product quality: (1) dissolving or washing out the gypsum impurity; (2) thickening the washed solids and using the overflow for makeup water within the FGD water balance; (3) finding the best means to dewater the washed, thickened slurry; and (4) repulp the dewatered cake into a stabilized slurry or dry it to powder. Flash drying the dewatered cake is compared to spray drying the thickened slurry. FGD Mg(OH){sub 2} is shown to have equal reactivity as an acid neutralization reagent on a Mg(OH){sub 2} molar basis to commercial Mg(OH){sub 2} products and other alkaline reagents. Its use for pH control in wastewater treatment is shown to produce a much smaller sludge volume than lime or sodium hydroxide.« less
Release and binding of protein and enzymes from and to water-shocked vesicles obtained from rat liver mitochondria. (1975)

Release and binding of aspartate aminotransferase, malate dehydrogenase and protein from and to water-shocked vesicles obtained from rat liver mitochondria was shown to occur. The characteristics of this phenomenon were shown to depend on the effectors used. They were in some way different from those observed with whole mitochondria under similar conditions.
Locus Encoding a Family of Small Heat Shock Genes in Caenorhabditis elegans: Two Genes Duplicated to Form a 3.8-Kilobase Inverted Repeat (1985)

The genes coding for hsp 16-48, previously identified by cDNA cloning, and for another 16-kilodalton heat shock protein designated hsp16-1 were characterized by DNA sequencing. The two genes were arranged in a head-to-head orientation. Both the coding and flanking regions were located within a 1.9-kilobase module which was duplicated exactly to form a 3.8-kilobase inverted repeat structure. The inverted repeat structure ended in an unusual guanine-plus-cytosine-rich sequence 24 nucleotides in length. The identity of the two modules at the nucleotide sequence level implies that the duplication event may have occurred recently. Alternatively, gene conversion between the two modules could also maintain homology of the two gene pairs. The small heat shock genes of Caenorhabditis elegans contained TATA boxes and heat-inducible promoters, the latter agreeing closely with the Drosophila melanogaster consensus sequence described by Pelham (Cell 30:517-528, 1982). Unlike the homologous D. melanogaster genes, each of these C. elegans genes contained a short intron, the position of which has been conserved in a related murine alpha-crystallin gene. The intron separated variable and conserved regions within the amino acid sequences of the encoded heat shock polypeptides.
Experimental study of the benefits of sodium carbonate on surfactants for enhanced oil recovery (2006)

The objective of this work was to evaluate chemical interactions in phase behavior experiments that make surfactant-polymer formulations with alkali complex to design. This experimental study of sodium carbonate shows improvement of microemulsion phase behavior with many crude oils in addition to its classical use to produce soap in-situ and raise pH to reduce potential for surfactant adsorption. Soap is generally not sufficient by itself for chemical flooding because it has low tolerance to calcium ions and low optimal salinity. The blending of synthetic surfactant with sodium carbonate is needed to increase the optimum salinity, increase the tolerance to calcium, and reduce the sensitivity to changes in salinity by broadening the active salinity window. Sodium carbonate can also be added to the surfactant formulation to adjust electrolyte concentration for optimal salinity. Evidence suggests that additional consideration should be given to sodium carbonate in enhanced oil recovery applications because of benefits that extend beyond the traditional application. The research presented in this work discusses experiments that were conducted for the purpose of studying the benefits of sodium carbonate on surfactant phase behavior. After phase behavior screening, the formulations were tested to demonstrate their performance in porous media. Core floods were conducted to test the potential use of chemical flooding for a field application with several low acid crude oils. Two of the core flood experiments with Berea sandstone reduced the residual oil below 1% with chemical injection. An acceptable pressure gradient was maintained and good sweep was obtained using an AMPS polymer at high temperature. Polymer was needed to make the slug and drive sufficiently viscous to recover the mobilized oil and reduce surfactant retention through good sweep efficiency. The experiments reported in this research have contributed to an ongoing effort to design a suitable alkali-surfactant-polymer chemical formulation for the application in a high permeability, high temperature (85 ºC) sandstone reservoir located in Indonesia.
Congestion control in vehicular ad hoc networks (2006)

Vehicular ad hoc networks (VANET) play an important role in future car-to-car communication systems and related applications like self-organizing traffic information systems (SOTIS), which are based on broadcast/geocast transmission schemes. Congestion control for VANETs has not been studied thoroughly so far - but this feature is extremely necessary for VANET applications and network performance. Due to the high mobility and the resulting highly dynamic network topology, congestion control needs to be performed in a decentralized and self-organized way, locally in each VANET node. This paper presents a novel concept for utility-based congestion control and packet forwarding in VANETs. The control algorithm uses an application-specific utility function and encodes the quantitative utility information in each transmitted data packet in a transparent way for all users within a local environment. A decentralized algorithm then calculates the "average utility value" of each individual node based on the utility of its data packets and assigns a share of the available data rate proportional to the relative priority. For performance evaluation, the proposed decentralized utility-based packet forwarding and congestion control (UBPFCC) is implemented on top of the IEEE 802.11 MAC protocol. Network simulations including vehicular mobility models demonstrate that UBPFCC avoids the typical starvation of some nodes inside the network and shows a significant increase of efficiency in information dissemination and fairness.
SEEGview: A Toolbox for Localization and Visualization of Stereo-Electroencephalography (SEEG) Electrodes (2018)

Stereo-electroencephalography (SEEG) creates unique opportunities for clinical applications, brain-machine-interface (BMI) studies and neuroscientific research. However, all of these directions have been under-explored because the lack of an easy-to-use and multi-functional software to accurately localize the SEEG electrodes in 3D space. In this work, we present, for the first time, an SEEG-specific MATLAB-based toolbox (SEEGview) for electrode localization that identifies 3D coordinates and anatomical information for all SEEG contacts within each individual brain, generates cortical activation maps, and maps SEEG contacts from different subjects into one standard brain model. This article first describes how each of these four functions (3D localization, anatomical localization, cortical activation mapping, and SEEG contact standardization) is implemented through SEEGview. We then present localization results based on SEEG data, thereby demonstrating the high localization accuracy and viability for SEEG research.
Furin-, ADAM 10-, and γ-Secretase-Mediated Cleavage of a Receptor Tyrosine Phosphatase and Regulation of β-Catenin's Transcriptional Activity (2006)

Several receptor protein tyrosine phosphatases (RPTPs) are cell adhesion molecules involved in homophilic interactions, suggesting that RPTP outside-in signaling is coupled to cell contact formation. However, little is known about the mechanisms by which cell density regulates RPTP function. We show that the MAM family prototype RPTPkappa is cleaved by three proteases: furin, ADAM 10, and gamma-secretase. Cell density promotes ADAM 10-mediated cleavage and shedding of RPTPkappa. This is followed by gamma-secretase-dependent intramembrane proteolysis of the remaining transmembrane part to release the phosphatase intracellular portion (PIC) from the membrane, thereby allowing its translocation to the nucleus. When cells were treated with leptomycin B, a nuclear export inhibitor, PIC accumulated in nuclear bodies. PIC is an active protein tyrosine phosphatase that binds to and dephosphorylates beta-catenin, an RPTPkappa substrate. The expression of RPTPkappa suppresses beta-catenin's transcriptional activity, whereas the expression of PIC increases it. Notably, this increase required the phosphatase activity of PIC. Thus, both isoforms have acquired opposing roles in the regulation of beta-catenin signaling. We also found that RPTPmu, another MAM family member, undergoes gamma-secretase-dependent processing. Our results identify intramembrane proteolysis as a regulatory switch in RPTPkappa signaling and implicate PIC in the activation of beta-catenin-mediated transcription.
Mn(II) Oxidation by the Multicopper Oxidase Complex Mnx: A Coordinated Two-Stage Mn(II)/(III) and Mn(III)/(IV) Mechanism (2017)

The bacterial manganese oxidase MnxG of the Mnx protein complex is unique among multicopper oxidases (MCOs) in carrying out a two-electron metal oxidation, converting Mn(II) to MnO<sub>2</sub> nanoparticles. The reaction occurs in two stages: Mn(II) → Mn(III) and Mn(III) → MnO<sub>2</sub>. In a companion study , we show that the electron transfer from Mn(II) to the low-potential type 1 Cu of MnxG requires an activation step, likely forming a hydroxide bridge at a dinuclear Mn(II) site. Here we study the second oxidation step, using pyrophosphate (PP) as a Mn(III) trap. PP chelates Mn(III) produced by the enzyme and subsequently allows it to become a substrate for the second stage of the reaction. EPR spectroscopy confirms the presence of Mn(III) bound to the enzyme. The Mn(III) oxidation step does not involve direct electron transfer to the enzyme from Mn(III), which is shown by kinetic measurements to be excluded from the Mn(II) binding site. Instead, Mn(III) is proposed to disproportionate at an adjacent polynuclear site, thereby allowing indirect oxidation to Mn(IV) and recycling of Mn(II). PP plays a multifaceted role, slowing the reaction by complexing both Mn(II) and Mn(III) in solution, and also inhibiting catalysis, likely through binding at or near the active site. An overall mechanism for Mnx-catalyzed MnO<sub>2</sub> production from Mn(II) is presented.
Measuring Self-Reported Cancer-Related Cognitive Impairment: Recommendations From the Cancer Neuroscience Initiative Working Group (2021)

Cancer and its treatments are associated with increased risk for cancer-related cognitive impairment (CRCI). Methods and measures used to study and assess self-reported CRCI (sr-CRCI), however, remain diverse, resulting in heterogeneity across studies. The Patient-Reported Outcomes Working Group has been formed to promote homogeneity in the methods used to study sr-CRCI. In this report, using a psychometric taxonomy, we inventory and appraise instruments used in research to measure sr-CRCI, and we consider advances in patient-reported outcome methodology. Given its psychometric properties, we recommend the Patient-Reported Outcome Measurement Information System Cognitive Function Short Form 8a for measurement of sr-CRCI in cancer patients and survivors, at a minimum, to increase scientific rigor and progress in addressing CRCI.
A Computation of the Casimir Energy on a Parallelepiped (2017)

The original computations deriving the Casimir energy and force consists of first taking limits of the spectral zeta function and afterwards analytically extending the result. This process of computation presents a weakness in Hendrik Casimir's original argument since limit and analytic continuation do not commute. A case of the Laplacian on a parallelepiped box representing the space as the vacuum between two plates modelled with Dirichlet and periodic Neumann boundary conditions is constructed to address this anomaly. It involves the derivation of the regularised zeta function in terms of the Riemann zeta function on the parallelepiped. The values of the Casimir energy and Casimir force obtained from our derivation agree with those of Hendrik Casimir.
Fetal mouse hearts: A model for studying ischemia (1975)

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), a peer reviewed journal of the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) - an authoritative source of high-impact, original research that broadly spans the biological, physical, and social sciences.
Analysing healthcare coverage with data mining techniques (2015)

In this study, we analyse healthcare coverage and propose an approach to identify significant factors in healthcare coverage by building several data mining models including decision trees, neural networks, and k-means. The results of this study can help policy makers, governments, and insurance companies to enhance the quality of health services in various directions. In our proposed approach, the models are built and tested on a real dataset with 98,175 records retrieved from the medical expenditure panel survey databases including nationally representative samples of the USA. We prepare a dataset with 26,932 records and 23 variables first by preprocessing the data. We then build 44 predictive models with accuracies between 76% and 81% using IBM SPSS Modeller. We observe that the decision tree models provide higher accuracy than neural networks. Moreover, we discover four significant factors in healthcare coverage, namely 'access to care', 'age', 'poverty level of family', and 'race/ethnicity'. These results are verified and compared with the outcomes of our clustering models, and also with the related literature and data statistics.
A Case of Early Repair of Ventricular Septal Perforation due to Blunt Chest Trauma. (2002)

胸部鈍性外傷後の心室中隔穿孔に対して急性期に手術を行い救命しえたので報告する.症例は25歳,男性.バイク事故による胸部鈍性外傷にて緊急入院となった.入院時には心雑音を聴取しなかったが,受傷2日後に胸骨左縁に汎収縮期雑音を聴取するようになった.心エコー検査で左室-右室短絡を認め,外傷性心室中隔穿孔と診断した.肺挫傷による気道内出血を合併していたため血行動態の許す限り手術待機とした.肺対体血流量比が4.6と上昇してきたため,受傷後8日目に手術を施行した.術中心表面からの超音波検査にて穿孔部を確認し,右室切開にて到達した.心尖部寄りの筋性中隔部に4cmの亀裂を認めパッチ閉鎖した.術後一時的に右心不全症状を呈した以外は著変なく経過した.遺残短絡は認められず良好な結果が得られた.
On the Effect of Pressurizing of Pure Copper (1973)

The effect of pressurizing on the flow stress of copper up to 15000 kg/cm2 has been studied by tensile testing at atmospheric pressure and room temperature using polycrystalline specimens of two kinds of tough pitch copper (O2:0.06 wt% and 0.03 wt%), low oxygen copper (O2:0.004 wt%) and OFHC copper containing various amounts of impurity oxygen. The results obtained are as follows: (1) For OFHC copper no change in the stress-strain relation is observed after pressurizing up to 15000 kg/cm2. (2) For the other materials containing oxygen, pressurizing increases their flow stress at atmospheric pressure. There exist critical pressures, below which no effect of pressurizing is observed. The critical pressure for the low oxygen copper is higher than that for tough pitch copper. (3) The amount of the pressurizing effect increases with increasing oxygen content and pressure. (4) The increase of flow stress is very large at the beginning of deformation, but it decreases rapidly with increasing strain and becomes almost zero at large strains. (5) The above experimental results are explained by the following mechanism: The copper which contains oxygen shows a large amount of spherical inclusions of Cu2O. Hydrostatic pressure generates shear stress components around the inclusions and plastic deformation is induced at pressures higher than the critical pressure. Consequently, the work-hardened regions are formed around the inclusions and act as obstacles to the motion of dislocations resulting in the increase in yield stress and flow stress.
Isostere metallorganische Verbindungen, VII. Organometallsubstituierte Phosphinalkylene (1967)

Abstract Verbindungen mit den Struktureinheiten sind Isostere der Organodisilazane und Organotrisilylamine Als Vertreter der zuerst genannten Verbindungsklassen wurden jetzt sowie vier ihrer Germanium‐ und Zinn‐Analogen dargestellt und näher untersucht. In ihren bemerkenswerten Eigenschaften fanden sich Hinweise auf besondere Bindungsverhältnisse, die denen in den Si–N‐Analogen vergleichbar sind. Das chemische Verhalten der Verbindungen und ihre IR‐ und NMR‐Spektren werden unter diesem Gesichtspunkt zu deuten versucht.
Dual-functional carboxymethyl levan-based protein carrier for cosmeceutical application of human epidermal growth factor (2022)

Human epidermal growth factor (hEGF) has been a subject of extensive research as its wide range of physiological functions has many potential applications. However, due to the low stability of hEGF, its physiological effect is easily lost under conditions of use. To compensate for this, we developed a stable delivery system using levan-based nanoparticles. The entrapment yield of various tested proteins was significantly improved by employing carboxymethyl levan (CML) instead of levan; the entrapment yield of the CML-hEGF nanoparticles was 84.1 %. The size and zeta potential of the nanoparticles were identified as 199.9 ± 3.87 nm and -19.1 mV, respectively, using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and particle size analysis. Dual biological functions of the nanoparticles (skin regeneration and moisturizing) were identified through collagen synthesis activity and aquaporin 3 expression level analysis. Stability of the prepared nanoparticles was also investigated via cell proliferation activity comparison under mimicked physiological conditions. The CML-hEGF nanoparticles maintained cell proliferation activity over 100 % for 6 weeks, while free hEGF was almost inactivated within 2 weeks. Taken together, our results indicate that the CML-based hEGF nanoparticles can be used in pharma- and cosmeceutical applications, guaranteeing a high entrapment capability, functionality, and stability.