gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Δ9-Tetrahydrocannabinol Inhibits Cell Cycle Progression in Human Breast Cancer Cells through Cdc2 Regulation (2006)

It has been proposed that cannabinoids are involved in the control of cell fate. Thus, these compounds can modulate proliferation, differentiation, and survival in different manners depending on the cell type and its physiopathologic context. However, little is known about the effect of cannabinoids on the cell cycle, the main process controlling cell fate. Here, we show that Delta(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), through activation of CB(2) cannabinoid receptors, reduces human breast cancer cell proliferation by blocking the progression of the cell cycle and by inducing apoptosis. In particular, THC arrests cells in G(2)-M via down-regulation of Cdc2, as suggested by the decreased sensitivity to THC acquired by Cdc2-overexpressing cells. Of interest, the proliferation pattern of normal human mammary epithelial cells was much less affected by THC. We also analyzed by real-time quantitative PCR the expression of CB(1) and CB(2) cannabinoid receptors in a series of human breast tumor and nontumor samples. We found a correlation between CB(2) expression and histologic grade of the tumors. There was also an association between CB(2) expression and other markers of prognostic and predictive value, such as estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, and ERBB2/HER-2 oncogene. Importantly, no significant CB(2) expression was detected in nontumor breast tissue. Taken together, these data might set the bases for a cannabinoid therapy for the management of breast cancer.
Community structure and activity of sulfate-reducing bacteria in an intertidal surface sediment: a multi-method approach (2002)

The community structure of sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) in an intertidal mud flat of the German Wadden Sea (Site Dangast, Jade Bay) was studied and related to sedimentary biogeochemical gradients and processes. Below the penetration depths of oxygen (~3 mm) and nitrate (~4 mm), the presence of dissolved iron and manganese and the absence of dissolved sulfide indicated suboxic conditions within the top 10 cm of the sediment. Moderate to high bacterial sulfate reduction rates were measured with radiotracers throughout the sediment, and dissimilatory sulfate reduction was also demonstrated by the presence of acid-volatile sulfides (AVS, essentially iron monosulfide). Stable sulfur isotope discrimination between dissolved sulfate and AVS was dominated by sulfate reduction. The diversity of SRB was studied using denaturant gradient gel electrophoresis of 16S rDNA, phospholipid fatty acid analysis and counting viable cells with the most probable number technique. Phylogenetic groups of SRB identified with these techniques were almost evenly distributed throughout the top 20 cm of the sediment. Application of fluorescence in situ hybridization, however, demonstrated a maximum of active members of the Desulfovibrio and Desulfosarcina-Desulfococcus-Desulfofrigus groups between 2 and 3 cm depth. These 2 groups encompass acetate and lactate utilizing SRB. The coincidence of this SRB maximum with a local maximum of sulfate reduction rates and the depletion of acetate and lactate reflects the microbiological processes related to sulfate reduction.
Specific Cation Effects on the Bimodal Acid–Base Behavior of the Silica/Water Interface (2012)

Using nonresonant second harmonic generation spectroscopy, we have monitored the change in surface charge density of the silica/water interface over a broad pH range in the presence of different alkali chlorides. Planar silica is known to possess two types of surface sites with pKa values of ∼4 and ∼9, which are attributed to different solvation environments of the silanols. We report that varying the alkali chloride electrolyte significantly changes the effective acid dissociation constant (pKa(eff)) for the less acidic silanol groups, with the silica/NaClaq and silica/CsClaq interfaces exhibiting the lowest and highest pKa(eff) values of 8.3(1) and 10.8(1), respectively. Additionally, the relative populations of the two silanol groups are also very sensitive to the electrolyte identity. The greatest percentage of acidic silanol groups was 60(2)% for the silica/LiClaq interface in contrast to the lowest value of 20(2)% for the silica/NaClaq interface. We attribute these changes in the bimodal behavior to the influence of alkali ions on the interfacial water structure and its corresponding effect on surface acidity.
The Capacity of Multiple Beam Waveguides and Optical Delay Lines (1968)

The capacity of a beam waveguide can be increased by transmitting a multitude of Gaussian beams in such a way that they are clearly resolved at the receiving end. Various systems with maximum capacity but different crosstalk sensitivity are discussed. Linking the available channels end to end in an optical cavity produces a delay line or storage device. An optimized system is described which has surprisingly large storage capacity. For the analysis of both lens guides and optical cavities, a phase space representation of Gaussian beams is used which avoids cumbersome mathematics.
Deprotection of Ketoximes Using Bismuth(III) Nitrate Pentahydrate (2002)

Ketoximes undergo facile deprotection in acetone-H20 (9: 1) in the presence 01' 0.5 equivalents of Bi(N03h5H20. Bis muth(lII) nitrate is relatively non-toxic, insensitive to air and inex pensive. These features coupled with the use of a relatively non toxic solvent system make this method an attractive alternative to existing routes for deprotection of ketoximes.
Engineered Fibrin Matrices with Ephrin Mimetic Peptides for the Induction of Angiogenic Signalling (2010)

Introduction Eph receptor tyrosine kinases and ligands are trans-membrane or membrane bound cell-cell communication molecules that play key roles from embryonic development to adult tissue homeostasis. By forward and reverse signalling Eph-Ephrin interactions regulate diverse biological functions, including neuronal pathfinding, formation of tissue boundaries, and remodelling of vascular and lymphatic vessels. The ability to perturb Eph-ephrin interactions or selectively stimulate signalling could have a number of important applications. Our previous study indicated that the extracellular domain of ephrin B2 when tethered to fibrin can act as a ligand for endothelial cells (1). However, the production of such active globular molecules is time consuming and expensive. In our current study we tested the functionality of ephrin A1, ephrin B1 and ephrin B2 mimetic peptides (EMPs), to target specifically EphA2, EphB2 and EphB4 receptors respectively (2, 3).
Synthesis of a zeolite membrane as a protective layer on a metallic Pd composite membrane for hydrogen purification (2015)

A zeolite membrane was synthesized on the surface of Pd membrane by seed-free hydrothermal synthesis. The zeolite membrane, which was used as an “armor”, offered good protection to the Pd membranes, significantly suppressing hydrogen permeance loss.
Orthogonal version management (1989)

One part of the “Software Configuration Management” — software version control — is the task of controlling different versions of documents. Most existing version control systems accomplish this task by managing variant and revision trees of single documents. The structure of these trees depends on the chronological evolution of the software project. We call this form of organization “intermixed organization” of variants and revisions. This paper points out the disadvantages of that organization, introduces a new way of version management - the “orthogonal organization” - and then compares the two organizations by means of an example.
Model of tilt sensor system (2003)

This paper describes the structural concept of an intelligent sensor system for tilt measurement. The accelerometer principle is used for the measurement. The system enables measurement in both axes of the plane. Measurement is controlled by a microprocessor. Measured data are sent via a bus to a PC. The PC is used for data storage and further calculations. The program controls the performance of defined functions, including calibration, by communication between the sensor system and the PC. It is possible to switch between manual (more precise) and automatic calibration of the position setup of the system. The system has measurement precision of 0.5/spl deg/ for each axis in a /spl plusmn/80/spl deg/ range, with no measurable hysteresis, and an immediate response to tilt change. The sensor system is temperature compensated. The LabView development tool is utilized as a service program.
The Determination of Atomic Mass Doublets by Means of a Mass Spectrometer (1951)

A double-focusing mass spectrometer employing a 90\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{} electrostatic analyzer followed by a 60\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{} magnetic analyzer has been constructed having a resolution sufficiently great to permit mass difference measurements by the familiar doublet method. High stability is obtained by use of an auxiliary mass spectrometer tube which compensates for fluctuations in both the magnetic field and the source of potential for the deflecting and accelerating plates of the main spectrometer. Ion currents are measured electrically and data recorded automatically.The doublets determined and their values in ${10}^{\ensuremath{-}4}$ amu are as follows: ${\mathrm{D}}_{2}$${\mathrm{O}}^{16}$-${\mathrm{A}}^{40}$/2, 419.67\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.18; ${\mathrm{D}}_{2}$${\mathrm{O}}^{16}$-${\mathrm{Ne}}^{20}$, 307.21\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.39; ${\mathrm{Ne}}^{20}$-${\mathrm{A}}^{40}$/2, 112.80\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.18; ${({\mathrm{C}}^{12})}_{2}$${\mathrm{H}}_{4}$-${\mathrm{C}}^{12}$${\mathrm{O}}^{16}$, 364.43\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.22; ${({\mathrm{N}}^{14})}_{2}$-${\mathrm{C}}^{12}$${\mathrm{O}}^{16}$, 112.80\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.13; ${({\mathrm{C}}^{12})}_{3}$${\mathrm{H}}_{8}$-${({\mathrm{N}}^{14})}_{2}$${\mathrm{O}}^{16}$, 617.6\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.9; ${\mathrm{C}}^{12}$${\mathrm{H}}_{4}$-${\mathrm{O}}^{16}$, 364.78\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.22; ${\mathrm{C}}^{12}$${\mathrm{H}}_{2}$-${\mathrm{N}}^{14}$, 125.86\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.13; ${({\mathrm{C}}^{12})}_{3}$${\mathrm{H}}_{4}$-${\mathrm{A}}^{40}$, 688.77\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.35; ${({\mathrm{C}}^{12})}_{3}$${\mathrm{H}}_{4}$-${\mathrm{Ca}}^{40}$, 685.39\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.46; ${\mathrm{Ca}}^{40}$-${\mathrm{A}}^{40}$, 3.2\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.8; ${\mathrm{D}}_{2}$-${\mathrm{He}}^{4}$, 256.12\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.09; ${\mathrm{H}}_{2}$${\mathrm{O}}^{16}$-${\mathrm{A}}^{36}$/2, 267.02\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.40.
Epileptic seizure prediction using variational mixture of Gaussians (2011)

We propose a novel patient-specific method for predicting epileptic seizures by analysis of positive zero-crossing intervals in scalp electroencephalogram (EEG). In real-time analysis, the histogram of these intervals for the current EEG epoch is computed, and the values which correspond to the bins discriminating between interictal and preictal references are selected as an observation. Then, the set of observations from the last 5 min is compared with two reference sets of data points (interictal and preictal) using a variational Gaussian mixture model (GMM) of the data, and a combined index is computed. Comparing this index with a patient-specific threshold, an alarm sequence is produced for each channel. Finally, a seizure prediction alarm is generated according to channel-based information. The proposed method was evaluated using ~40.3 h of scalp EEG recordings from 6 patients with total of 28 partial seizures. A high sensitivity of 95% was achieved with a false prediction rate of 0.134/h and an average prediction time of 22.8 min for the test dataset.
Interface structure and mechanics between graphene and metal substrates: a first-principles study (2010)

Graphene is a fascinating material not only for technological applications, but also as a test bed for fundamental insights into condensed matter physics due to its unique two-dimensional structure. One of the most intriguing issues is the understanding of the properties of graphene and various substrate materials. In particular, the interfaces between graphene and metal substrates are of critical importance in applications of graphene in integrated electronics, as thermal materials, and in electromechanical devices. Here we investigate the structure and mechanical interactions at a graphene-metal interface through density functional theory (DFT)-based calculations. We focus on copper (111) and nickel (111) surfaces adhered to a monolayer of graphene, and find that their cohesive energy, strength and electronic structure correlate directly with their atomic geometry. Due to the strong coupling between open d-orbitals, the nickel-graphene interface has a much stronger cohesive energy with graphene than copper. We also find that the interface cohesive energy profile features a well-and-shoulder shape that cannot be captured by simple pair-wise models such as the Lennard-Jones potential. Our results provide a detailed understanding of the interfacial properties of graphene-metal systems, and help to predict the performance of graphene-based nanoelectronics and nanocomposites. The availability of structural and energetic data of graphene-metal interfaces could also be useful for the development of empirical force fields for molecular dynamics simulations.
Simultaneous Caries Induction and Calculus Formation in Rats (1993)

Weanling specific pathogen-free Osborne-Mendel rats were fed a high-calcium, high-phosphorus diet with various levels of sucrose and inoculated with Streptococcus sobrinus strain 6715-13WT and Actinomyces viscosus strain OMZ-105 in order to determine whether calculus and caries could develop simultaneously. Rats consumed diets designated RC-16-5, RC-16-25, or RC-16-50 which partially replaced the corn starch component with progressively higher levels of sucrose, thus, to 5, 25, or 50% sucrose. In general, bacterial recoveries of A. viscosus declined with higher sucrose content of the diet, but a pattern of recovery for S. sobrinus was less clear with respect to dietary sucrose. S. sobrinus, however, was recovered at higher percentages from the tooth surface flora at the later two of three sampling dates. Most calculus--identified by the brittle quality, staining characteristics, and apatitic x-ray diffraction patterns of tooth surface deposits--was formed on the maxillary molars, and most carious lesions occurred on mandibular molars. While there was minimal association of the calculus score with the amount of sucrose in the diet, calculus scores increased greatly from 23 to 43 days after infectious challenge. Caries scores, of both fissure and smooth surfaces, by contrast, increased in a dose-response fashion with increasing dietary sucrose and with time. It is thus possible to induce calculus formation and caries simultaneously in specific pathogen-free Osborne-Mendel rats consuming a high-calcium and -phosphorus diet conducive to calculus formation and containing sucrose.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Design challenges for control of molecular dynamics (1992)

Material modification at the molecular scale is considered. Optimal control is explored as a theoretical framework for exploiting molecular dynamics. The possibility of using optical fields to break bonds selectively is discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Prospective, Comprehensive Assessment of Cardiac Troponin T Testing After Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery (2009)

cTnT concentrations after coronary artery bypass graft surgery are nearly universally elevated, are determined by numerous factors, and are independently prognostic for impending postoperative complications when used at appropriate cut points.
Appendix B: Huffman tables for the DC and AC coefficients of the JPEG baseline encoder (2003)

This appendix shows the Huffman tables for the DC and AC coefficients of the JPEG baseline encoder. Inspec keywords: Huffman codes; video coding; video codecs Other keywords: advanced video coding; AC coefficient; Huffman table; JPEG baseline encoder; image compression; codec; DC coefficient Subjects: Image and video coding
The design of kodu (2011)

Kodu is a relatively new programming language designed specifically for young children to learn through independent exploration. Kodu seeks to lower the barrier to entry for new programmers by presenting a radically simplified programming model which nevertheless has significant expressive power. Kodu is integrated in a real-time 3D gaming environment and is designed to compete with modern console games in terms of intuitive user interface and graphical production values. In this paper we will review key tradeoffs made in the design of the programming language and illustrate how it is one of very few languages designed using user interface design principles and methodologies, to the extent that the blend of subjective and objective factors considered in the language design have succeeded in presenting a model of programming which is uniquely approachable and creatively empowering for non-technical users.
Comparison of Particle Size Distributions Measured Using Different Techniques (2005)

ABSTRACT In this article, particle size distributions (PSDs) measured by different techniques, including image analysis (IA), laser diffraction (LD), ultrasonic attenuation spectroscopy (UAS), and focused-beam reflectance measurement (FBRM), are compared for spherical glass beads and nonspherical silica flakes. It is shown that particle shape strongly affects the results obtained by different techniques. For spheres, the PSDs obtained by IA, LD, and UAS agree well. There is no consistent result among different particle measurement techniques for nonspherical particles. The conversion between PSDs obtained by IA, LD, and UAS has been based on particle shape factors. Caution must be exercised when a measured chord length distribution (CLD) is used to indicate the PSD during a process because the CLD result obtained by FBRM is complex, depending not only on the PSD, but also on particle optical properties and shape.
Ambient Light Suppression in Visible Light Transceivers: A Review (2021)

Visible light communication has emerged as a promising complementary technology to enable communication between vehicles and traffic infrastructure. However, the visible light transceivers suffer from optical interference and ambient light saturation which severely affect the reception of the optical signal. In this paper, we present an overview of background light suppression techniques and analyse their merits and demerits. Mainly, the practical applicability of each technique for the integrated photodiode-based visible light receivers in automotive applications are discussed in this paper.
Metallophthalocyanines Photosensitize the Breakdown of (Hydro)peroxides in Solution to Yield Hydroxyl or Alkoxyl and Peroxyl Free Radicals via Different Interaction Pathways ¶ (2003)

Interactions of organic peroxides (R'OOR) and hydroperoxides (R'OOH), including H2O2, with excited triplet and singlet state metallophthalocyanines (MPc, M = Zn, Al) have been studied by T-T absorption decay and fluorescence quenching. The ensuing photochemical processes result in decomposition of (hydro)peroxides as assessed by photo-EPR (electron paramagnetic resonance) and spin trapping. In argon-saturated apolar solutions and low MPc concentrations, alkoxyl free radicals (*OR) were identified as the primary products of (hydro)peroxide breakdown. Similarly, photosensitized decomposition of symmetric disulfides results in the formation of sulfur-centered radicals. In air-free aqueous solutions, ROOH photosensitization always gave rise to a mixture of hydroxyl and peroxyl radical (*OOR) adducts in varying molar ratios. At high MPc concentrations, both in polar and in apolar solutions, the most abundant products of ROOH decomposition were identified as *OOR. This indicates a change in the predominant interaction pathway, most likely mediated by MPc exciplexes and involving H-atom abstraction from ROOH by MPc-cation radicals. The prevalence of MPc singlet vs. triplet state interactions was confirmed by the much higher singlet quenching rate constants (log kq up to 9.5; vs. log kT < or = 4.5). In contrast to the triplet quenching, singlet quenching rates were found to depend on the (hydro)peroxide structure, following closely the trend of varying *OR yields for different substrates. Thermodynamic calculations were performed to correlate experimental results with models for electronic energy and charge transfer processes in agreement with the Marcus theory (Rhem and Weller approximation) and Savéant's model for a concerted dissociative electron transfer mechanism.
The Evolution of Cellular Backhaul Technologies: Current Issues and Future Trends (2010)

The rapid increase of the number of mobile subscribers as well as the deployment of 3G technologies are putting strain on mobile backhaul operational expenditures (OPEX) which amount to 20-40% of total mobile operator's OPEX due to their reliance on T1/E1 copper lines. For these reasons, the current backhaul systems, a term commonly used to describe connectivity between base stations and radio controllers, are increasingly integrating more cost-effective, packet switched technologies, especially Ethernet/Internet technologies. In addition, Wi-Fi and WiMAX are emerging as promising backhaul solutions and initial findings have demonstrated their feasibility. However, the notion of network migration unavoidably raises new technical challenges relevant to aspects of TDM and packet network timing synchronization, QoS, and packet efficiency. This survey aims to provide a comprehensive study of state-of-the-art circuit switched and emerging packet switched backhaul technologies based on research articles and standard documents. For packet switched backhaul, we focus on the practically important Pseudowire approaches which are used to transport TDM services over packet switched networks. We also discuss the features and research findings on the use of Wi-Fi and WiMAX technologies which illustrate their potential for rapid and cost-efficient backhaul deployment. Finally, we highlight some open issues relevant to timing synchronization in wireless mesh backhaul and femtocells deployments, which offer a rich ground for further research.
Human Immunodeficiency Virus,Pneumocystis carinii,Toxoplasma gondii, andLeishmaniaSpecies (2014)

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type 1 and 2 (HIV-1 and HIV-2) infections have had a profound impact on morbidity and mortality worldwide. AIDS has evolved from an illness of men who have sex with men and of injection drug users into a large and expanding pandemic of heterosexually transmitted disease affecting men, women, and children across the globe. This chapter concentrates on the interaction between HIV-1, immune suppression and reconstitution, and opportunistic microbes such as Pneumocystis carinii, Toxoplasma gondii, and Leishmania species.