gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Phase conjugation for laser fusion. Final report, 15 June 1979-14 October 1979 (1979)

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Dual Silicide SOI CMOS Integration with Low-Resistance PtSi PMOS Contacts (2007)

We demonstrate a dual silicide integration on a SOI CMOS platform with robust low-resistance PtSi PMOS contacts. Compared to NiSi, the specific contact resistivity is reduced in PtSi contacts to p-type Si and increased in contacts to n-type Si. PMOS linear and saturation drive current enhancements of 6% and 9%, respectively, were achieved with PtSi relative to baseline NiSi source/drain contacts.
Nonequilibrium self-assembly of linear fibers: microscopic treatment of growth, decay, catastrophe and rescue (2006)

Many of the large structures of cells are constructed from fibers. These fibers self-assemble from individual proteins in a far-from-equilibrium fashion. Nonequilibrium self-assembly results in a highly dynamic process at the subcellular level that can be regulated and tuned to carry out many of the biological functions of the cell: growth, division and locomotion. We construct and analyze a nonequilibrium model of the dynamic end of a biological fiber that possesses site-resolved resolution. We solve for the steady states of this nonequilibrium system using a variational method. The results are compared to exact numerical solutions for systems with modest size. Using an effective reaction coordinate, we construct an effective potential from the steady-state distribution. The stochastic transitions of the system can be analyzed in this representation. We then apply this method to model microtubule systems. Predictions for macroscopic catastrophe, rescue and dynamic instability in the steady states are analyzed. We find that the length of the cap of the microtubule is small. The relations between the catastrophe/rescue rate and the growth rate are also discussed.
Therapeutic targeting of MCT-1 in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (2008)

B50 The MCT-1 (Multiple Copies in T-cell lymphoma-1) oncogene was originally identified in a T-cell lymphoma cell line and there is growing evidence of its involvement in human lymphomagenesis. The exact molecular mechanism(s) by which MCT-1 transforms cells is still emergent; however there is data implicating it in modulating the translation of cancer-related genes. The stability of MCT-1 protein was recently shown to be regulated by MEK/ERK signaling. Here, we report that MCT-1 is highly expressed in 85% of human diffuse large B cell lymphomas (DLBCL), suggesting the feasibility of therapeutic targeting of MCT-1 for DLBCL. MCT-1 physically associates with ERK and we have documented the co-localization of MCT-1 with ERK in primary DLBCL samples. Employing a small inhibitory molecule interfering with ERK function we were able to interrupt the association between MCT-1 and ERK, as well as decrease levels of MCT-1 protein and phosphorylation. Furthermore, knocking down ERK expression using a specific small interfering RNA (siRNA) decreased MCT-1 protein levels, whereas overexpression of ERK increased MCT-1. We were able to demonstrate, using the ERK inhibitor, dramatically reduced clonogenic capacity of lymphoma cell lines. Significantly, treatment with the ERK inhibitor had marked anti-tumor activity in a human lymphoma xenograft model established from DLBCL cell lines. This provided in vivo proof of principle for the therapeutic potential of ERK inhibitors in MCT-1 overexpressing lymphomas. Finally, these data support the development of novel small inhibitory molecules directed towards MCT-1 and its upstream kinases as a promising approach in DLBCL.
Supplementary Video 2C from Mechanisms by which E-Selectin Regulates Diapedesis of Colon Cancer Cells under Flow Conditions (2023)

Supplementary Video 2C from Mechanisms by which E-Selectin Regulates Diapedesis of Colon Cancer Cells under Flow Conditions
Microseismic monitoring of the Chaveroo oil field, New Mexico (1990)

Induced microseismicity was monitored in the Chaveroo oil field in southeastern New Mexico during a pressurized stimulation of a well being prepared as an injector for a waterflood operation. In addition, the microseismicity was monitored for 5 weeks following the stimulation while the area was under normal waterflood production. Little seismicity was detected during the 5.5 hour stimulation in which three thousand barrels of water were injected into the reservoir at pressures ranging from 96 to 257 bars in excess of hydrostatic pressure. Intermittent monitoring over the 5-week period indicated detectable seismicity occurred during waterflood production. Monitoring during the 5 weeks, however, was not complete enough to draw general conclusions on temporal variations of observed microseismicity. Seventy-three good quality events recorded over a cumulative 24 hours of intermittent monitoring were located using the hodogram technique. Events were detected at distances up to 1700 m from the monitor well but most occurred within 900 m. The map of microearthquake locations indicated that events occurred in the vicinity of producing wells and away from injection wells. The first half of the sequence of mappable events occurred along linear trends, but the pattern became more scattered during the later half of the sequence. The lack of seismicity during the pressurized injection and the increased seismicity levels occurring away from injection wells during waterflood production, suggest seismicity is not induced by Mohr-Coulomb failure. 6 refs., 6 figs.
High availability automation networks: PRP and HSR ring implementations (2012)

The work developed has as basis the networks/protocols described in the standard IEC 62439-3 Industrial automation networks - High availability automation networks: PRP and HSR. The similarities of both networks and a software implementation over Linux of PRP protocol have been the starting points taken for this work. A prototype of a HSR node has been developed; this prototype was proved over some virtual machines connected in a ring network as the standard states and achieved the target of seamless availability. Then it has been ported over an FPGA to validate the system in a FPGA/PC heterogeneous network.
A Wall Film Model for Membrane Fouling (2018)

Deoiling of produced or impaired waters associated with oil and gas production represents a significant challenge for many companies. Centrifugation, air flotation, and hydrocyclone separation are the current methods of oil removal from produced water [1], however the efficiency of these methods decreases dramatically for droplets smaller than approximately 15–20 μm. More effective separation of oil-water mixtures into water and oil phases has the potential to both decrease the environmental footprint of the oil and gas industry and improve human well-being in regions such as the Gulf of Mexico. New membrane separation processes and design of systems with advanced flow management offer tremendous potential for improving oil-water separation efficacy. However, fouling is a major challenge in membrane separation [2]. In this study, the behavior of oil droplets and their interaction with crossflow filtration (CFF) membranes (including membrane fouling) is studied using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations. A model for film formation on a membrane surface is proposed for the first time to simulate film formation on membrane surfaces. The bulk multiphase flow is modeled using an Eulerian-Eulerian multiphase flow model. A wall film is developed from mass and momentum balances [3] and implemented to model droplet deposition and membrane surface blockage. The model is used to predict film formation and subsequent membrane fouling, and allow to estimate the actual permeate flux. The results are validated using available experimental data.
Coordinate Release of ATP and GABA at In VitroSynapses of Lateral Hypothalamic Neurons (2002)

Autonomic and limbic information is integrated within the lateral hypothalamus (LH), and excitability of LH neurons is important in the control of feeding and behavioral arousal. Despite the prominent expression of P2X-type ATP receptors throughout the hypothalamus, the role of ATP in LH excitability is not known. Perforated-patch-clamp recordings of synaptically coupled neurons from both embryonic chick and postnatal mouse lateral hypothalamus in vitro reveal robust stimulus-evoked purinergic synaptic transmission. Suprathreshold activation elicits reliable and concurrent release of ATP with GABA. Tetrodotoxin-resistant P2X receptor-mediated events are readily observed at LH synapses from the embryonic chick, whereas GABA miniature postsynaptic currents (mPSCs) are recorded in innervated LH neurons from either embryonic chicks or postnatal mice. Two distinct mPSCs are recorded at ATP-GABA cosynapses; one has a monoexponential decay phase and is modulated by flunitrazepam, and the other has a decay phase that is best fit by a sum of two exponential functions (tau(fast) and tau(slow)), and only the tau(slow) component is affected by flunitrazepam. Bicuculline does not completely inhibit all mPSCs. The remaining bicuculline-resistant mPSCs are blocked by suramin, and their decay phase is briefer than that of GABAergic mPSCs. Furthermore, at a holding potential intermediate for the reversal potentials of GABA(A) and P2X receptors, little or no current is observed, consistent with concomitant release (and detection) of GABA and ATP. Together, our data suggest that a subset of spontaneous and evoked PSCs arise from the concurrent activation of both GABA(A) and P2X receptors.
Ohalo II man—unusual findings in the anterior rib cage and shoulder girdle of a 19000‐year‐old specimen (1993)

Abstract The analysis of the skeletal remains of Ohalo II man, aged 30–40 years at death and dated to 19 000 years BP, shows advanced and highly unusual ossification of the lower costosternal cartilage; the right humerus is morphologically larger and considerably more robust than the left; degenerative changes were noted unilaterally in the right glenohumeral, acromioclavicular and claviculosternal joints. There is a marked asymmetry of the atlas, axis and occipital condyles. The changes in the costochondral area of the lower anterior rib cage are considered to represent an infectious chronic osteomyelitic process. The marked discrepancy in size between the left and right shoulder girdles and humeri, and the evidence of degenerative disease exclusively on one side only may be the result of a traumatic brachial plexus nerve palsy. The asymmetrical atlas and axis are most probably anatomical variants that do not reflect clinical pathology.
The role of natural killer cells in pulmonary immunosurveillance (2012)

Natural killer (NK) cells were originally identified as lymphocytes capable of killing cancer cells without prior sensitization (1). Further characterization of these cells in both humans and rodent models has expanded their role towards a broad-based immunosurveillance of diseased and healthy peripheral tissues. Among peripheral organs, the lung contains the largest percentage of NK cells. Accordingly, NK cells are implicated in many immunological responses within the lung, including innate effector functions as well as initiation of the adaptive immune response. In this article, we review the characteristics of NK cells, current models of NK maturation and cell activation, migration of NKs to the lung, and effector functions of NKs in cancer and infection in the airways. Specific emphasis is placed on the functional significance of NKs in cancer immunosurveillance. Therapeutic modulation of NK cells appears to be a challenging but promising approach to limit cancer, inflammation, and infection in the lung.
Creating a Reliable Test Interface for a Unit Under Test (2019)

When creating a test platform, the primary focus is often on the selection of test and measurement instrumentation or the test programming environment. Although it is important to ensure that the selected instrumentation can provide the proper stimulus and measurement capabilities, it is also important to consider how you are going to cable and interface the test platform to the Unit Under Test (UUT). High accuracy measurement devices can be undone by a poorly performing interface. Here are some examples; • UUTs incorporating wireless communication will need a test platform to measure high frequency and low power signals. Selecting the wrong cable or not accounting for insertion loss on connectors can severely impact the accuracy of testing. • Measurement devices which are used to test a wide number of products can degrade their instrument's connectors from frequent changing of the test interface or cabling. This can be mitigated by using external test interfaces. In these applications it is important to consider the lifetime of the interconnect used and how easily it can be repaired on-site. Apart from manual bench top testing, automated test applications will involve some signal management, or switching. This adds a whole layer of potential factors that could limit the performance of any test solution if all factors are not taken into account. In all but the simplest test scenarios, test resources will need to be shared between multiple UUT points requiring some kind of switching system and interfacing. This interfacing between test instrumentation, switching system and the UUT could involve connector to connector and connector to UUT wiring. Also, there may be a test fixture interface that is either manually or automatically operated. This requires careful consideration as the cumulative effect of all these factors may significantly degrade the ability to test the UUT to the desired specifications. Another factor to consider is that the testing application may involve adverse environmental conditions. This paper will discuss aspects of test interfacing. While we cannot cover all possible methods in this short paper, we will look at considerations for selecting a test fixture interface, cables and connectors, mass interconnect and RF/Microwave applications. Please note that while we are using some Pickering products as examples, these recommendations apply to any test vendor or platform.
HDAC1 in axonal degeneration (2010)

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a disease characterized by inflammatory demyelination and a strong neurodegenerative component. Axonal damage is characteristically detected in MS brains, although the pathogenic mechanisms are not clearly understood. Here, we discuss the importance of HDAC1 localization as one of the potential mechanisms initiating damage in demyelinating conditions. We suggest the occurrence of a two-stage mechanism of damage. The first event is a calcium-dependent HDAC1 nuclear export in a CRM1-dependent manner and the second event is the interruption of mitochondrial transport resulting from the cytoplasmic localization of HDAC1. In the cytosol of neurons challenged by cytokines and excitatory aminoacids, HDAC1 formed complexes with motor-protein and microtubules and this resulted in blockade of axonal transport and release of cargo from motor proteins. We suggest that these findings might be the framework for future studies and for the development of novel therapeutic targets for axonal damage in demyelinating conditions.
Prognostic Value of CD40 in Adult Soft Tissue Sarcomas (2004)

These data suggest that expression of CD40 protein in >50% of cells might indicate an unfavorable prognosis in adult soft tissue sarcomas.
FLOODING AND ASSOCIATED PHENOMENA IN FALLING FILM FLOW IN A TUBE (1963)

A falling water film was set up in a vertical 1.25-in.bore acrylic resin tube using porous sections for introducing and extracting the liquid. Air was passed upwards through the tube, countercurrent to the liquid flow, and the air flow rate required to carry liquid up beyond the injector (the flooding point'') was determined. An empirical relation for flooding rate was obtained. Measurements were made of liquid film thickness, pressure gradient, and interfacial profile for air flows from zero up to the flooding point. High-speed cine films using a special lighting technique gave qualitative information on the flow structure and were analyzed for surface wave velocity. In relating these measured parameters and the flooding phenomena it became obvious that flooding did not occur as a result of reversal of flow under surface shear. It was more likely to be associated with the coarsening of the liquid surface waves leading to the build-up of liquid at the injector and consequent splashing upwards of the liquid. (auth)
Daily intake of fermented milk with Lactobacillus casei strain Shirota reduces the incidence and duration of upper respiratory tract infections in healthy middle-aged office workers (2015)

The results suggest that the daily intake of fermented milk with LcS may reduce the risk of URTIs in healthy middle-aged office workers, probably through modulation of the immune system.
Characterization of a monoclonal antibody against active pectate lyase from Erwinia carotovora (1989)

A monoclonal antibody (2E2) produced against pectate lyase from Erwinia carotovora ssp. carotovora reacted with a 41- and a 44-kilodaltion protein on Western blots of concentrated Erwinia culture supernatants resolved by sodium dodecyl sulfate - polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. It was unequivocally shown that monoclonal 2E2 reacted with an active form of pectate lyase by affinity purifying the antigen with the monoclonal. The affinity-purified antigen was enzymatically active and moved as a single protein band in a nonequilibrium isoelectric focusing gel. Monoclonal 2E2 reacted with the pectate lyases of a diverse range of E. carotovora ssp. carotovora, ssp. atroseptica, and ssp. betavasculorum strains, as well as with one of three strains of E. chrysanthemi. The electrophoretic mobility of the major protein (44 kilodaltons) that reacted with 2E2 was identical within a subspecies but differed among subspecies.
Real-Time Dosimetry and Optimization of Prostate Photodynamic Therapy (2005)

For the second year of this 3-year grant. We have completed specific aim 2 of the project, i.e., light dose calculation and optimization, and characterization of photosensitizer drug concentration. We have improved the motorized probe and associate software to measure the distribution of optical properties, drug concentration, and StO2 interstitially. We have developed a fluorescence technique to measure in-vivo phototosensitizer distribution interstitially in 5 patients and have verified its accuracy using the absorption spectra. We have also developed software to automatically optimize the light source weights, lengths, strengths in near real-time to improve the light fluence rate distribution in prostate and spare dose to critical structures. We have compared the measurement and calculation of in-vivo light fluence rate in 14 patients assuming homogeneous optical properties in prostate. Our measurements demonstrate heterogeneity in both the optical properties and the photosensitizer distribution. Thus, we concluded that it is necessary to determine the 3D distribution of optical properties and drug concentration in order to optimize the PDT dose distribution for each individual patient.
Topological surface states at the free space termination of uncorrugated finite square photonic crystals (2021)

We present a square-lattice photonic crystal that supports chiral topological photonic surface states at the interface to free space. Such unidirectional, back-scattering-immune surface states, as opposed to topological states at the interface between band-gap materials, allow to simplify the design of out-coupling from surface modes to functionalized radiated fields, removing the usual impedance matching conditions. The photonic crystal consists of gyromagnetic rods, which under the time-reversal-symmetry breaking induced by an external magnetic field together with a carefully tuned bulk band structure allow for the emergence of chiral topologically protected surface states. We demonstrate the topological nature of the surface states through unit cell and supercell band structure calculations showing the existence of a topological mode below the light-line where the sum of the Chern numbers in the bands below is non-zero. Additionally we perform direct scattering and a subsequent spatial, frequency dependent, Fourier Transform analysis that independently demonstrates the topological surface mode’s chiral dispersion relation, unidirectional propagation, and immunity to back-scattering.
The acute cardiac electrophysiological effects of intravenous sotalol hydrochloride (1979)

The cardiac electrophysiological effects of sotalol were studied in ten patients (pts) aged 20--65 years undergoing intracardiac stimulation studies for palpitations (7 pts) or dizzy spells (3 pts). The following measurements were made: 1. basic sinus cycle length (SCL): 2. SINUS NODE RECOVERY TIME (SNRT) following overdrive pacing; 3. intra-atrial (PA), atrio-His (AH) and His-ventricular (HV) conduction intervals during regular atrial pacing; 4. effective refractory periods of the atria (AERP), AV node (AVERP) and ventricular myocardium (VERP). AV nodal functional refractoriness (AVFRP) was also determined. All measurements were repeated 10--15 min after i.v. administration of 0.4 mg/kg of sotalol. Results were analysed by the Wilcoxon Signed Rank test. Significant increases in SCL (p less than 0.01), AH (p less than 0.01). SNRT (p less than 0.01), AVERP (p less than 0.02) and AVFRP (p less than 0.01) were observed. These effects are consistent with the beta-blocking action of sotalol. The acute increase in AERP (p less than 0.01) is, however, not a common property of other beta-blockers and may be related to the 'class III' cellular effect of sotalol. These results are discussed in relationship to the electrophysiological effects of other beta-blocking drugs.
Transformation by E1A Oncoprotein Involves Ubiquitin-Mediated Proteolysis of the Neuronal and Tumor Repressor REST in the Nucleus (2012)

The adenovirus early region 1A (E1A) protein promotes cell immortalization and transformation by mediating the activities of key cellular regulators. The repressor element 1-silencing transcription factor (REST), which is a major neuronal and tumor suppressor, was previously found mainly in the cytoplasm rather than in the nuclei of adenovirus-transformed rodent cells (22). We now demonstrate that the loss of REST in the nucleus is due to its rapid degradation by the ubiquitin-proteasome system. Only nuclear REST, but not its cytoplasmic counterpart, was ubiquitinated and degraded. REST degradation was blocked by the ubiquitination inhibitor PYR-41 and the proteasome inhibitor MG-132 but not by the nuclear export inhibitor leptomycin B. REST degradation required both of its two C-terminal degrons that are recognized by the ubiquitin ligase SCF(β-TrCP), since deletion or mutation of either degron eliminated degradation. Importantly, E1A was shown to mediate REST ubiquitination and degradation by upregulating β-TrCP. Knockdown of E1A in virus-transformed cells reduced both β-TrCP and ubiquitination of nuclear REST. In contrast, when expressed in HeLa cells, E1A enhanced the degradation of nuclear REST. Reconstitution of REST in virus-transformed cells negatively affected E1A-mediated cell proliferation and anchorage-independent growth. These data strongly indicate that E1A stimulates ubiquitination and proteolysis of REST in the nucleus, thereby abolishing the tumor suppressor functions of REST.