gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Identification and gene localization of a novel rice brittle culm mutant bc17 (2020)

<p indent=0mm>A brim culm mutant <italic>bc17</italic> (brittle culm 17) was obtained by irradiating wyj7 (Wuyunjing 7) with heavy ions. The brittle traits of the mutant were only found in the stalks and not in the leaves. The brittleness of the culm began to appear after heading stage, while it became more obvious as rice grew from heading stage to maturity stage. The growth and development of the mutant were affected, the plant height of the mutant was significantly lower than that in the wild type, and tiller number and seed setting rate were also lower than in the wild type. Compared with wild type, the cellulose content in <italic>bc17</italic> culms and leaves decreased by 22.7% and 18.67%, while the hemicellulose content increased by 45.76% and 31.36%, respectively. The breaking resistance and tensile force of <italic>bc17</italic> were significantly lower than those of wild type, indicating that the mechanical strength of the culm changed. The thick-walled cells of <italic>bc17</italic> culms had larger pores, looser structures, and fewer cells. The fragile characteristics of <italic>bc17</italic> were controlled by a single recessive nuclear gene. The <italic>bc17</italic> gene was located in the 162 kb region of chromosome 7 by map-based cloning. Bioinformatics analysis indicated that it might be a novel gene related to rice brittle culm. These findings provided an important material support for the research on the molecular mechanism of cell wall synthesis in rice.
A review of energy harvesting using piezoelectric materials: state-of-the-art a decade later (2008–2018) (2019)

Abstract Energy harvesting technologies have been explored by researchers for more than two decades as an alternative to conventional power sources (e.g. batteries) for small-sized and low-power electronic devices. The limited life-time and necessity for periodic recharging or replacement of batteries has been a consistent issue in portable, remote, and implantable devices. Ambient energy can usually be found in the form of solar energy, thermal energy, and vibration energy. Amongst these energy sources, vibration energy presents a persistent presence in nature and manmade structures. Various materials and transduction mechanisms have the ability to convert vibratory energy to useful electrical energy, such as piezoelectric, electromagnetic, and electrostatic generators. Piezoelectric transducers, with their inherent electromechanical coupling and high power density compared to electromagnetic and electrostatic transducers, have been widely explored to generate power from vibration energy sources. A topical review of piezoelectric energy harvesting methods was carried out and published in this journal by the authors in 2007. Since 2007, countless researchers have introduced novel materials, transduction mechanisms, electrical circuits, and analytical models to improve various aspects of piezoelectric energy harvesting devices. Additionally, many researchers have also reported novel applications of piezoelectric energy harvesting technology in the past decade. While the body of literature in the field of piezoelectric energy harvesting has grown significantly since 2007, this paper presents an update to the authors’ previous review paper by summarizing the notable developments in the field of piezoelectric energy harvesting through the past decade.
The PPAR‐gamma P12A polymorphism modulates the relationship between dietary fat intake and components of the metabolic syndrome: results from the Québec Family Study (2003)

The metabolic syndrome is a complex disorder characterized by an atherogenic dyslipidemia resulting from the interaction between genetic and nutritional factors. The objective of this study was to examine in a cohort of 720 adults participating in the Québec Family Study (QFS) whether dietary fat interacts with the P12A polymorphism in the gene encoding the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPAR-gamma), a nuclear factor that regulates lipid and glucose homeostasis. Carriers of the A12 allele had a higher body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, fat mass as well as subcutaneous adipose tissue and visceral adipose tissue (VAT) areas both assessed by computed tomography than P12/P12 homozygotes. Total fat and saturated fat intakes estimated from a 3-day food record were significantly correlated with several components of the metabolic syndrome in P12/P12 homozygotes. None of these expected associations were observed among carriers of the A12 allele. Furthermore, in a model including the PPAR-gamma P12A polymorphism, fat intake, age and gender, PPAR-gamma P12A and its interaction with fat intake were associated with BMI and waist circumference. Similar results were obtained when saturated fat intake replaced total fat intake into the model. When the two genotype groups were further classified into quartiles of total fat or saturated fat intake and their characteristics compared, an increase in fat intake was associated with an increase in waist circumference in P12/P12 homozygotes but not in A12 carriers. There was no difference in the waist circumference in carriers of the A12 allele whether the fat or the saturated fat intake was high or low. These results suggest that the PPAR-gamma P12A polymorphism can modulate the association between dietary fat intake and components of the metabolic syndrome.
Electronic Commerce: A Half-Empty Glass? (2000)

This article introduces an electronic commerce paradox by observing that while electronic commerce grows rapidly it is, at the same time, based on unsettled foundations. It describes how 22 constraints for global electronic commerce were identified, and analyzes them in depth. The constraints fall into four themes: 1. Building trust for users and consumers 2. Establishing ground rules for the digital marketplace 3. Enhancing information infrastructure 4. Maximizing benefits. Each of these themes contains a number of critical issues. The first theme--building trust for users and consumers--involves privacy protection, security, consumer protection, authentication and confidentiality, and access blocking. The second theme includes legal framework, acceptance of electronic transactions, taxation, tariffs, intellectual property protection, commercial policy, and payment systems. Enhancing information infrastructure covers the needed infrastructure enhancements and includes Internet infrastructure and governance, interconnectivity and technical convergence, technical standards, bandwidth and accessibility, and the question of how to further the competition. The last theme is about maximizing the benefits of electronic commerce and includes the understanding of digital economy, its measurement, seamless globalization, and involvement of small businesses. At the time that this paper was written (February 2000) none of these 22 issues had been resolved. Yet, they need to be worked out if electronic commerce is to be successful in both the developed and the underdeveloped world.
Blue surface-emitting distributed feedback lasers based on a high-mobility semiconducting polymer (2005)

A detailed study of the charge transport and lasing properties of a novel blue emitting fluorene-based polymer, namely the Dow proprietary BP156 is reported.
Fatty Involution of Bone Marrow in Rabbits (1984)

The developmental pattern of red and yellow bone marrow was studied in rabbits of different ages from newborn to 6 months of age. At birth no adipose cells were seen in any of the marrow cavities. Most bones were still developing and marrow cavities were relatively limited. Nonetheless a distinct difference in the cellularity of marrow in the trunk versus limb bones was noted, the latter being significantly less cellular. Adipose cells began to develop at 2 weeks of age and proceeded so that the adult pattern of red and yellow marrow was fully established by 4 months. The development of adipose cells occurred in both trunk and limb bones; the magnitude of the process, however, was considerably greater in the limb bones. Adipocyte precursors may be present in the marrow at birth with a differential distribution in the areas of prospective red and yellow marrow. Thus, fatty involution of marrow appears to be a programmed developmental event.
Plasma Peptidylarginine Deiminase IV Promotes VWF-Platelet String Formation and Accelerates Thrombosis After Vessel Injury (2019)

Our data indicate that PAD4 in circulation reduces VWF-platelet string clearance and accelerates the formation of a stable platelet plug after vessel injury. We propose that this effect is, at least in part, due to ADAMTS13 inhibition.
Linear Ablation of the Isthmus Between the Inferior Vena Cava and Tricuspid Annulus for the Treatment of Atrial Flutter (1995)

Linear radiofrequency ablation of the isthmus can induce intra-atrial conduction block and is effective as a curative therapy for atrial flutter when the reentry circuit involves the isthmus.
Mechanistic Insight Facilitates Discovery of a Mild and Efficient Copper-Catalyzed Dehydration of Primary Amides to Nitriles Using Hydrosilanes (2018)

Metal-catalyzed silylative dehydration of primary amides is an economical approach to the synthesis of nitriles. We report a copper-hydride(CuH)-catalyzed process that avoids a typically challenging 1,2-siloxane elimination step, thereby dramatically increasing the rate of the overall transformation relative to alternative metal-catalyzed systems. This new reaction proceeds at ambient temperature, tolerates a variety of metal-, acid-, or base-sensitive functional groups, and can be performed using a simple ligand, inexpensive siloxanes, and low catalyst loading.
Association of Parvovirus B19 Infection and Hashimoto's Thyroiditis in Children (2008)

Hashimoto's thyroiditis is a common autoimmune disorder of the thyroid gland. It has been linked to infections with hepatitis C, EBV, HTLV-1, and Yersinia enterocolitica. As parvovirus B19 has been associated with a wide spectrum of autoimmune diseases, we investigated the potential role of B19 infection in inducing Hashimoto's thyroiditis. Serum samples derived from 73 children and adolescents with Hashimoto's thyroiditis and from 73 age-matched controls were included in the study. The mean age of disease manifestation was 10 y 7 mo. All samples were analyzed for the presence of viral DNA and for antibodies against VP1, VP2, and NS1 proteins. VP1- and VP2-specific antibodies were present in 38 patients (52%) and 43 controls (59%; N.S.). NS1-specific antibodies were detectable in 23 patients (32%) and 19 controls (26%; N.S.). Parvovirus B19 DNA was detectable in 9 patients (12%) and 2 controls (3%; p < 0.03), indicating recent B19-infection. A negative correlation between disease duration and the detection of viral DNA was seen. The mean disease duration in B19-DNA-positive patients was 6 mo, compared to 29 mo in the remainder (p < 0.01). There is strong evidence that acute parvovirus B19 infections are involved in the pathogenesis of some cases of Hashimoto's thyroiditis.
ECG compression for remote healthcare systems using selective thresholding based on energy compaction (2012)

This paper presents a wavelet-based low-complexity Electrocardiogram (ECG) compression algorithm for mobile healthcare systems, in the backdrop of real clinical requirements. The proposed method aims at achieving good trade-off between the compression ratio (CR) and the fidelity of the reconstructed signal, to preserve the clinically diagnostic features. Keeping the computational complexity at a minimal level is paramount since the application area we consider is that of remote cardiovascular monitoring, where continuous sensing and processing takes place in low-power, computationally constrained devices. The proposed compression methodology is based on the Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT). The energy packing efficiency of the DWT coefficients at different resolution levels is analysed and a thresholding policy is applied to select only those coefficients which have significant contribution to the original signal total energy. The proposed methodology is evaluated on normal and abnormal ECG signals extracted from the MIT-BIH database and achieves an average compression ratio of 16.5:1, an average percent root mean square difference of 0.75 and an average cross correlation value of 0.98.
Demands on surgical inpatient services after mass mammographic screening. (1986)

The changes in the demand for surgical inpatient care created by mammographic screening for breast cancer were analysed by comparing two counties, one with and one without a mass screening campaign. A comprehensive computerised register of inpatient care in the region was used. The results indicate that population based screening offered to women above 40 years and repeated every two to three years will increase the number of operations required for breast cancer and inpatient days by at least 150% during the initial screening round. During the second round the figures tend to return to previous levels. Of decisive importance for the demands on health service resources are the specificity of screening, the duration of the first screening round, and the age groups included.
Lactoperoxidase: structural insights into the function,ligand binding and inhibition. (2013)

Lactoperoxidase (LPO) is a member of a large group of mammalian heme peroxidases that include myeloperoxidase (MPO), eosinophil peroxidase (EPO) and thyroid peroxidase (TPO). The LPO is found in exocrine secretions including milk. It is responsible for the inactivation of a wide range of micro-organisms and hence, is an important component of defense mechanism in the body. With the help of hydrogen peroxide, it catalyzes the oxidation of halides, pseudohalides and organic aromatic molecules. Historically, LPO was isolated in 1943, nearly seventy years ago but its three-dimensional crystal structure has been elucidated only recently. This review provides various details of this protein from its discovery to understanding its structure, function and applications. In order to highlight species dependent variations in the structure and function of LPO, a detailed comparison of sequence, structure and function of LPO from various species have been made. The structural basis of ligand binding and distinctions in the modes of binding of substrates and inhibitors have been analyzed extensively.
LARGE-AREA DEPOSITION OF AMORPHOUS-SILICON (1981)

Experimental results on hydrogenated amorphous silicon films deposited by a new hot-cathode arc-discharge decomposition of silane are described. The film had high photo-conductivity (10-2(Ωcm)-1 at AM1 100mW/cm2) and high electron drift mobility (0.56 cm2/Vs). A proto-type system with a reaction tube of 7.5cm in diameter and 70cm long was able to deposit amorphous silicon on 6x6 substrates, each of which was 25cm2. Variation of film thickness between substrates was about ±20% and variation of the thickness in 60% of a substrate area was within ±10%.
A generalized beamformer for tracking tonal sources (2006)

A generic matched-field processor is used to track tonal sources recorded on an L-shape array deployed on the seafloor in St. Margaret's Bay, Nova Scotia, Canada. The replicas are computed using a normal mode summation based on the Zhang and Tindle model for isovelocity water over an attenuating fluid bottom. The model uses an effective depth approximation to solve for the modes, which makes the code computationally efficient. Localization accuracy for frequencies in the 100- to 300-Hz range was estimated for this environment using known signals from a towed source
GENOA - A Customizable, Language- And Front-end Independent Code Analyzer (1992)

Programmers working on large software systems spend a great deal of time examining code and trying to understand it. Code Analysis tools (e.g., cross referencing tools such as CIA and Cscope) can be very helpful in this process. In this paper we describe GENOA, an application generator that can produce a whole range of useful code analysis tools. GENOA is designed to be language- and front-end independent; it can be interfaced to any front-end for any language that produces an attributed parse tree, simply by writing an interface spec- ification. While GENOA programs can perform arbitrary analyses on the parse tree, the GENOA language has special, compact iteration operators that are tuned for expressing simple, polynomial time analysis programs; in fact, there is a useful sublanguage of GENOA that can express precisely all (and only) polynomial time (PTIME) analysis prograrns on parse-trees. Thus, we argue that GENOA is a convenient "little language" to implement simple, fast analysis tools. We describe the system, provide several practical examples, and present complexity and expressivity results for the abovementioned sublanguage of GENOA.
RNNPool: Efficient Non-linear Pooling for RAM Constrained Inference (2020)

Standard Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) designed for computer vision tasks tend to have large intermediate activation maps. These require large working memory and are thus unsuitable for deployment on resource-constrained devices typically used for inference on the edge. Aggressively downsampling the images via pooling or strided convolutions can address the problem but leads to a significant decrease in accuracy due to gross aggregation of the feature map by standard pooling operators. In this paper, we introduce RNNPool, a novel pooling operator based on Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs), that efficiently aggregates features over large patches of an image and rapidly downsamples activation maps. Empirical evaluation indicates that an RNNPool layer can effectively replace multiple blocks in a variety of architectures such as MobileNets, DenseNet when applied to standard vision tasks like image classification and face detection. That is, RNNPool can significantly decrease computational complexity and peak memory usage for inference while retaining comparable accuracy. We use RNNPool with the standard S3FD architecture to construct a face detection method that achieves state-of-the-art MAP for tiny ARM Cortex-M4 class microcontrollers with under 256 KB of RAM. Code is released at https://github.com/Microsoft/EdgeML.
Targeted deletion of RasGRP1 impairs skin tumorigenesis (2014)

Ras is frequently activated in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma, a prevalent form of skin cancer. However, the pathways that contribute to Ras-induced transformation have not been entirely elucidated. We have previously demonstrated that in transgenic mice, overexpression of the Ras activator RasGRP1 promotes the formation of spontaneous skin tumors and enhances malignant progression in the multistage carcinogenesis skin model that relies on the oncogenic activation of H-Ras. Utilizing a RasGRP1 knockout mouse model (RasGRP1 KO), we now show that lack of RasGRP1 reduced the susceptibility to skin tumorigenesis. The dependency on RasGRP1 was associated with a diminished response to the phorbol ester tumor promoter 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA). Specifically, we found impairment of epidermal hyperplasia induced by TPA through keratinocyte proliferation. Using a keratinocyte cell line that carries a ras oncogenic mutation, we also demonstrated that RasGRP1 could further activate Ras in response to TPA. Thus, we propose that RasGRP1 upregulates signaling from Ras and contributes to epidermal tumorigenesis by increasing the total dosage of active Ras.
Bias-Variance Techniques for Monte Carlo Optimization: Cross-validation for the CE Method (2008)

In this paper, we examine the CE method in the broad context of Monte Carlo Optimization (MCO) and Parametric Learning (PL), a type of machine learning. A well-known overarching principle used to improve the performance of many PL algorithms is the bias-variance tradeoff. This tradeoff has been used to improve PL algorithms ranging from Monte Carlo estimation of integrals, to linear estimation, to general statistical estimation. Moreover, as described by, MCO is very closely related to PL. Owing to this similarity, the bias-variance tradeoff affects MCO performance, just as it does PL performance. In this article, we exploit the bias-variance tradeoff to enhance the performance of MCO algorithms. We use the technique of cross-validation, a technique based on the bias-variance tradeoff, to significantly improve the performance of the Cross Entropy (CE) method, which is an MCO algorithm. In previous work we have confirmed that other PL techniques improve the perfomance of other MCO algorithms. We conclude that the many techniques pioneered in PL could be investigated as ways to improve MCO algorithms in general, and the CE method in particular.
Human erythrocyte ghosts: Exploring the origins of multiexponential water diffusion in a model biological tissue with magnetic resonance (2002)

A tissue model composed of erythrocyte ghosts was developed to study the effects of compartmentation on the MR signal acquired from biological tissues. This simple and flexible model offers control over the biophysical parameters that contribute to multicomponent signals arising from cellular systems. Cell density, size, intra- and extracellular composition, and membrane permeability can be independently altered. The effects of cell density and cell size on water diffusion properties were assessed. The data demonstrate non-monoexponential water diffusion in ghost cell suspensions of 17-67% cell density. Data were analysed with the widely employed two-compartment (biexponential) model, and with a two-compartment model that accounted for exchange between compartments. Water exchange between the intra- and extracellular compartments appeared to be significant over the range of diffusion times studied (7-35 ms). The biexponential fit to the ghost data appeared to be underparameterised as the ADCs and relative fractions of the fast and slow components were dependent on the experimental acquisition parameters, specifically the diffusion time. However, both analysis methods proved effective at tracking changes in the ghost model when it was perturbed. This was demonstrated with cell density variation, cell swelling and shrinkage experiments, and reduction of membrane water permeability using a water channel blocker (pCMBS). We anticipate that this model system could be used to investigate compartmental diffusion effects to simulate a range of pathologies, especially ischemic stroke.