gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Optimization of a Flow Injection Sampling System for Quantitative Analysis of Dilute Aqueous Solutions Using Combined Resonance and Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (SERRS) (1990)

A flow injection sampling system to analyze dilute aqueous solutions by surface-enhanced resonance Raman spectroscopy (SERRS) is described, and critical operating parameters are evaluated. A simple procedure for preparing a silver colloid, which is more homogeneous, stable, and SERS-active than that previously reported and does not require sedimentation, is presented. With the use of crystal violet (CV) as a model analyte, the flow injection system, a Raman micro-probe, and an optical multichannel analyzer (OMA) for detection, high-quality, highly reproducible (coefficient of variation = ±2.37% of mean) Raman spectra for 1 × 10 −6 M solutions of CV were obtained in 1 min, and major spectral peaks were observable down to concentrations of 1 × 10 −12 M (∼4 × 10 −19 g of material). SERRS enhancement and spectral quality were experimentally found to vary significantly with the method of Ag sol preparation and laser excitation wavelength. The system described can rapidly (1–240 s) provide quantitative as well as structural information about very dilute aqueous solutions.
Esophageal function in normal subjects and patients with either scleroderma (SCL) or ineffective esophageal motility (IEM) assessed through multichannel intraluminal impedance (MII) (2000)

Esophageal function in normal subjects and patients with either scleroderma (SCL) or ineffective esophageal motility (IEM) assessed through multichannel intraluminal impedance (MII)
Comparative Study on Various Random Walk Techniques for Left Ventricle Cavity Segmentation (2015)

Objective of image segmentation is to group regions with coherent characteristics. This paper presents a comparative study on Random walk techniques for Left ventricle segmentation. In this paper, LV cavity segmentation is demonstrated for each technique using multi-slice MR cardiac images. The quality of segmentation process is measured by comparing the resulted images of different Random walk techniques using DICE coefficient, PSNR and Hausdorff distance. The comparison includes measuring the execution time of each technique.
Evaluation of Thermal Conductivity of a Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotube Using the ΔVgs Method (2007)

Thermal conductivity of a multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWNT) was evaluated using the ΔVgs method for the first time. MWNTs were prepared in pillars, and the pillars were placed on two aluminum nitride (AlN) substrates. An AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistor (HEMT) chip, which was set on an AlN substrate, was used as a thermometer and as a thermal source. The thermal resistance of the sample was measured using the ΔVgs method. From the thermal resistance of MWNT pillars, we succeeded in evaluating the thermal conductivity of a MWNT pillar and that of a MWNT as high as 74.2 and 950 W/(m·K), respectively. The thermal conductivity of MWNTs evaluated in this study is much higher than that of usual metals. We confirmed that MWNTs are promising materials for heat dissipation problems.
Sensing mechanism of polymer for selectivity enhancement of gas sensors (2002)

The sensing mechanism of polymer gas separation membrane to enhance the selectivity of tin dioxide gas sensors is presented. Two types of Commercial polymers, XU218 and PMDA-ODA of Ciba-Geigy company, are used to coat onto the sensing film of FIGARO series tin dioxide gas sensors TGS800, TGS813 and TGS842. Different gases such as carbon monoxide, hydrogen, methane, and ammonia are used to investigate the response of the sensors. It is found that the sensors show a characteristic change in response to polar gas ammonia, a relatively small change in response to slightly polar gas carbon monoxide, and almost negligible change in response to non-polar gases hydrogen and methane.
Classification characteristics of SOM and ART2 (1994)

and therefore adapts the resulting network to these patterns.
Development of a Braking Energy Regeneration System for City Buses (1987)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;In order to improve the fuel economy of city buses, which start and stop frequently, a system has been developed that stores braking energy in a hydraulic accumulator and uses the energy when the vehicle is in its start and acceleration modes.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Through microcomputer control of the entire power train and energy storage system, the following goals are achieved: &lt;ol class="list nostyle"&gt; &lt;li class="list-item"&gt; &lt;span class="li-label"&gt;1.&lt;/span&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;By applying currently available transmission technologies to the conventional power train system, all component functions are controlled so as to minimize the losses over the driving cycle.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li class="list-item"&gt; &lt;span class="li-label"&gt;2.&lt;/span&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;By applying a regenerative braking system, as much vehicle kinetic energy as possible is recovered and stored, and,&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li class="list-item"&gt; &lt;span class="li-label"&gt;3.&lt;/span&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;The energy stored is used so as to achieve maximum overall efficiency.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ol&gt;&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;A test vehicle functioning in city conditions achieved a 30% fuel economy gain.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Other advantages of this system are that brake wear is greatly reduced and clutch life is significantly extended since the vehicle can start in motion using only hydraulic energy.&lt;/div&gt;
Approximate closed-form expression for the ergodic capacity of MISO and SIMO systems (2005)

In this paper, we derive a simple and tight close-form approximation for the ergodic capacity of SIMO, MISO, and orthogonalized MIMO channels. The expression is valid for any SNR range, any number of antennas and for a wide variety of fading channels including correlated and unbalanced Rayleigh and Ricean channels.
ChemInform Abstract: Analogues of α‐Terthienyl as Light‐Activated Miticides (1991)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
The evolution of ecological facilitation within mixed-species biofilms in the mouse gastrointestinal tract (2018)

The eco-evolutionary interactions among members of the vertebrate gut microbiota that ultimately result in host-specific communities are poorly understood. Here we show that Lactobacillus reuteri coexists with species that belong to the Lactobacillus johnsonii cluster (L. johnsonii, L. gasseri, and L taiwanensis) in a taxonomically wide range of rodents, suggesting cohabitation over evolutionary times. The two dominant Lactobacillus species found in wild mice establish a commensalistic relationship in gastric biofilms when introduced together into germ-free mice in which L. reuteri facilitates colonization of L. taiwanensis. Genomic analysis revealed allopatric diversification in strains of both species that originated from geographically separated locations (Scotland and France). Allopatry of the strains resulted in reduced formation of mixed biofilms in vitro, indicating that interspecies interactions in gastric Lactobacillus-biofilms are the result of an adaptive evolutionary process that occurred in a biogeographical context. In summary, these findings suggest that members within the vertebrate gut microbiota can evolve inter-dependencies through ecological facilitation, which could represent one mechanism by which host-specific bacterial communities assemble across vertebrate species and an explanation for their spatial and biogeographic patterns.
Computational analysis of lung deformation after murine pneumonectomy (2012)

In many mammalian species, the removal of one lung (pneumonectomy) is associated with the compensatory growth of the remaining lung. To investigate the hypothesis that parenchymal deformation may trigger lung regeneration, we used microCT scanning to create 3D finite element geometric models of the murine lung pre- and post-pneumonectomy (24 h). The structural correspondence between models was established using anatomic landmarks and an iterative computational algorithm. When compared with the pre-pneumonectomy lung, the post-pneumonectomy models demonstrated significant translation and rotation of the cardiac lobe into the post-pneumonectomy pleural space. 2D maps of lung deformation demonstrated significant heterogeneity; the areas of greatest deformation were present in the subpleural regions of the lobe. Consistent with the previously identified growth patterns, subpleural regions of enhanced deformation are compatible with a mechanical signal – likely involving parenchymal stretch – triggering lung growth.
Electroreduction of carbon dioxide using platinum-iridium modified boron-doped diamond (BDD) with various platinum-iridium ratios (2020)

Abstract Modification of boron-doped diamond (BDD) electrodes with bimetallic platinum-iridium was studied. Combination techniques of wet chemical seeding and electrochemical deposition were performed with various Pt-Ir precursor ratios of (1:1), (1:2) and (2:1). These electrodes were then applied for electrochemical reduction of CO 2 dissolved in 0.1 M NaCl solution at the potentials of -1.1 V, -1.2 V, -1.3 V, and -1.5 V (vs Ag/AgCl) for 60 min. Electroreduction of CO 2 applied at PtIr(2:1)-BDD at the potential of -1.1 V (vs Ag/AgCl) produced formic acid, methanol and hydrogen as the main products.
Buckwheat flour hypersensitivity: an occupational asthma in a noodle maker (1996)

Summary Background There have been very few reports of occupationai allergies caused by inhalation of buckwheat flour. In this paper, we present a case of occupational asthma and rhinitis caused by buckwheat flour inhalation. Methods and results The patient had strong positive responses to grass and ragweed poiiens as well. The bronchoprovocation test showed early asthmatic response to buckwheat flour extracts. Serum specific IgE antibody to buckwheat flour was detected by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). In order to further identify the allergenic component of the extracts, sodium dodecyl sulphate‐polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS‐PAGE) and electroblotting studies were performed. Eight IgE binding components (9–55 kDa) were detected within the buckwheat flour extracts. Conclusion These results suggest that inhalation of buckwheat flour can caused IgE mediated bronchoconstriction.
Ductal (PDC), acinar (PAC) and neuroendocrine (PNC) carcinomas of the prostate: A comparative comprehensive genomic profiling (CGP) study. (2019)

5064 Background: PDC, PAC and PNC are histologic subtypes of prostate cancer (PC). We queried whether these subsets would share similar genomic alterations (GA) reflecting their disease biology and clinical features. Methods: CGP was performed using a hybrid capture-based assay on 61 PDC, 4,132 PAC and 217 PNC. Tumor mutational burden (TMB) was determined on 1.1 Mbp of sequenced DNA and microsatellite instability (MSI) was determined on 114 loci. Results: The age, GA per tumor and TP53 GA of PDC, PAC and PNC were similar (Table). RB1 GA were predominant in PNC. TMPRSS2:ERG fusions were most frequent in PNC, intermediate in PAC and lowest in PDC. AR GA were more often identified in PAC than PDC or PNC whereas PTEN GA were most frequent in PDC than PAC or PNC. Targetable GA were identified in all 3 groups when focused on BRCA2 (PARP inhibitors) and PIK3CA (MTOR inhibitors). ATM GA (PARP inhibitors) were more common in PAC than PDC or PNC. BRAF GA (BRAF/MEK inhibitors) were more frequent in PDC and PAC than PNC. CDK12 GA potentially associated with immunotherapy (IO) benefit were similar in PDC and PAC and low in PNC. Low frequencies of MSI-High and low median TMB levels were similar in all 3 groups. Conclusions: The pathologic features of PDC, PAC and PNC have been classically maintained as representative of 3 different tumor types with potentially contrasting histogenesis. In the current CGP based study, all 3 tumor types did not display significant differences in genomic signatures other than the high RB1 GA. CGP may reveal biomarkers that could direct patients to targeted (PARP, MTOR and BRAF/MEK inhibitors) or immunotherapies ( CDK12 GA, MSI-High or high TMB status) especially in PDC and PAC. [Table: see text]
NomLoc: Calibration-Free Indoor Localization with Nomadic Access Points (2014)

Newly popular indoor location-based services (ILBS), when integrated with commerce and public safety, offer a promising land for wireless indoor localization technologies. WLAN is suggested to be one of the most potential candidates owing to its prevalent infrastructure (i.e., access points (APs)) and low cost. However, the overall performance can be greatly degraded by the spatial localizability variance problem, i.e., the localization accuracy across various locations may have significant differences given any fixed AP deployment. As a result, it brings in user experience inconsistency which is unfavorable for ILBS. In this paper, we propose NomLoc - an indoor localization system using nomadic APs to address the performance variance problem. The key insight of NomLoc is to leverage the mobility of nomadic APs to dynamically adjust the WLAN network topology. A space partition (SP)-based localization algorithm is tailored for NomLoc to perform calibration-free positioning. Moreover, fine-grained channel state information (CSI) is employed to mitigate the performance degradation of the SP-based method due to multipath and none-line-of-sight (NLOS) effects. We have implemented the NomLoc system with off-the-shelf devices and evaluated the performance in two typical indoor environments. The results show that NomLoc can greatly mitigate spatial localizability variance and improve localization accuracy with the assistance of nomadic APs as compared with the corresponding static AP deployment. Moreover, it is robust to the position error of nomadic APs.
A new reduced-complexity sphere decoder for multiple antenna systems (2003)

Sphere decoding for multiple antenna systems has been shown to achieve near-ML performance with low complexity. However, the achievement of such an excellent performance-complexity tradeoff is highly dependent on the initial choice of sphere radius. We present a new sphere decoding algorithm which is even less computationally complex than the original sphere decoder. Moreover, the complexity of the new sphere decoder is relatively insensitive to the initial choice of sphere radius. Thus, by making the choice of radius sufficiently large, the ML solution is guaranteed with low complexity, even for large constellations. In our simulations, we show that with 4 transmit and 4 receive antennas and 64-QAM, our new sphere decoding algorithm achieves the exact ML solution with approximately a factor of 3.5 reduction in complexity when compared to the original sphere decoder, and a factor of 10/sup 5/ reduction when compared to brute-force ML decoding.
Epidemiology of apple proliferation (AP) in northwestern Italy: evaluation of the frequency of AP‐positive psyllids in naturally infected populations of Cacopsylla melanoneura (Homoptera: Psyllidae) (2003)

Summary Adults of Cacopsylla melanoneura , vector of the apple proliferation (AP) phytoplasma, were collected every 2 weeks from January until May in 2000 and 2001 by the beating tray method in eight apple orchards of the Aosta Valley (northwestern Italy). Total DNA was extracted from batches of five insects and amplified with the universal phytoplasma primers P1/P7 in direct PCR. A nested PCR assay was then performed on P1/P7 amplicons using the primers fO1/rO1, specific for the AP‐ phytoplasma group. The digestion of fO1/rO1 amplicons with Ssp I restriction endonuclease confirmed that C. melanoneura adults harboured the AP phytoplasma. The data obtained with PCR were used to estimate the proportion of AP‐positive insects in over wintered and offspring adults. Percentages of AP‐positive insects of 3.6% and 0.8% were estimated in 2000 among over wintered and offspring psyllids respectively. In 2001 only the over wintered insects were found infected, with an estimated proportion of 2.8%. The seasonal abundance of the vector was measured using yellow sticky traps. C. melanoneura was always present at a low population level, and the highest density was recorded from mid‐February until mid‐March in both years. The results show that the overwintered population is higher and spends a longer period in apple orchards, suggesting the crucial role of the overwintered adults in vectoring AP.
Micro-machined heat pipes in silicon MCM substrates (1995)

Multichip modules (MCMs) containing power components need a substrate with excellent heat spreading capability both to avoid hot spots and to move dissipated heat toward the system heat sinks. Polycrystalline diamond is an excellent MCM heat spreading substrate but remains several orders of magnitude too expensive and somewhat more difficult to process than conventional mother-board materials. Today`s power MCMs concentrate on moderately priced silicon wafers and aluminum nitride ceramic with their improved thermal conductivity and good thermal expansion match to power semiconductor components, in comparison to traditional alumina and printed wiring board materials. However, even silicon and AlN substrates are challenged by designers` thermal needs. We report on the fabrication of micro-heat pipes embedded in silicon MCM substrates (5{times}5 cm) by the use of micromachined capillary wick structures and hermetic micro-cavities. This passive microstructure results in more than a 5 times improvement in heat spreading capability of the silicon MCM substrate over a large range of power densities and operating temperatures as compared with silicon alone. Thus diamond-like cooling is possible at silicon prices.
Clinical methodology for testing of anxiolytic drugs. (2000)

Diagnostic criteria and classification are changing. It is no longer acceptable to include patients with a general diagnosis of any anxiety, or neurotic anxiety. Regardless of the reference system used, DSM IV or ICD 10, anxiety disorders are now detailed in separate entities. General anxiety disorder, GAD, which is pivotal for the evaluation of new products, can only be claimed after the elimination of all the others, and is relatively rare. The inclusion of such outpatients is further complicated, as comorbidity is frequently associated with GAD--alcoholism, major depression, dysthymia, personality disorders, somatic disease likely to interfere with patient evaluation--and leads to exclusions, and also because the requested duration for the syndrome, prior to inclusion, is six months, which means six months without psychotropic drugs, including excessive alcohol consumption. As to patient evaluation, the reference scale remains the HAM-A. It should show a score above 20 at baseline. It has been designed to assess the level of anxiety of patients presenting with the diagnosis of anxiety, but not the diagnosis of GAD, and, clearly, in relation to the expected results obtained with BZD, which are still the standard reference drugs. The same is true for the other investigator scales and self-rating scales. Moreover, the criteria defining clinical improvement are still discussed. More generally, clinical testing in comparison with placebo and reference drugs is particularly important for anxiolytic drugs. The optimal dose range should be investigated in phase I, evidence of sedative or disinhibiting effects, and in phase II, defining the minimal active dose. Longer duration of treatment should be scrutinized in phase III, in order to check on long-term efficacy, recurrences and relapses. The effects of drug withdrawal should also be studied: withdrawal syndrome, rebound, recurrence, dependence. It currently looks difficult to market new anxiolytic drugs, and clinical research mainly provides an extension of the indications for antidepressant drugs in anxiety.
A New C−F Bond-Cleavage Route for the Synthesis of Octafluoro[2.2]paracyclophane (2001)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVNoteNEXTA New C−F Bond-Cleavage Route for the Synthesis of Octafluoro[2.2]paracyclophaneHideki Amii, Yasushi Hatamoto, Motoharu Seo, and Kenji UneyamaView Author Information Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Okayama University 3-1-1 Tsushimanaka, Okayama 700-8530, Japan [email protected]Cite this: J. Org. Chem. 2001, 66, 21, 7216–7218Publication Date (Web):September 20, 2001Publication History Received30 April 2001Published online20 September 2001Published inissue 1 October 2001https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo015720ihttps://doi.org/10.1021/jo015720ibrief-reportACS PublicationsCopyright © 2001 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2972Altmetric-Citations95LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Anions,Aromatic compounds,Bond cleavage,Deposition,Silylation Get e-Alerts