gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Ultrafast Screening and Quantitation of Pesticides in Food and Environmental Matrices by Solid-Phase Microextraction–Transmission Mode (SPME-TM) and Direct Analysis in Real Time (DART) (2017)

The direct interface of microextraction technologies to mass spectrometry (MS) has unquestionably revolutionized the speed and efficacy at which complex matrices are analyzed. Solid Phase Micro Extraction-Transmission Mode (SPME-TM) is a technology conceived as an effective synergy between sample preparation and ambient ionization. Succinctly, the device consists of a mesh coated with polymeric particles that extracts analytes of interest present in a given sample matrix. This coated mesh acts as a transmission-mode substrate for Direct Analysis in Real Time (DART), allowing for rapid and efficient thermal desorption/ionization of analytes previously concentrated on the coating, and dramatically lowering the limits of detection attained by sole DART analysis. In this study, we present SPME-TM as a novel tool for the ultrafast enrichment of pesticides present in food and environmental matrices and their quantitative determination by MS via DART ionization. Limits of quantitation in the subnanogram per milliliter range can be attained, while total analysis time does not exceed 2 min per sample. In addition to target information obtained via tandem MS, retrospective studies of the same sample via high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) were accomplished by thermally desorbing a different segment of the microextraction device.
Facile Synthesis of 12‐Ketoquino [2,1‐b]Quinazolines via the Vilsmeier—Haack Reaction of 6‐Nitro‐2‐methyl‐3‐aryl‐4(3H)quinazolones. (2005)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Avian Influenza in Italy 1997 â 2006 (2008)

Between 1997 and 2005, Italy has been challenged by several introductions of avian influenza of the H5 and H7 subtypes. These include viruses of high pathogenicity that apparently emerged as such in domestic poultry or that were derived from viruses of low pathogenicty, following their circulation in poultry for several months. They also include viruses of low pathogenicity that did not mutate to the highly pathogenic form following extensive or limited spread in domestic poultry. Italy has been the first EU member state to apply an emergency and a prophylactic vaccination programme for avian influenza viruses of the H5 and H7 subtypes. Thus the Italian field experience with avian influenza, complemented with the generation of scientific data from our collection of isolates, is a source of information which can be used as a model to better comprehend the dynamics of other AI infections in animals.
Chemical characterization of the main secondary organic aerosol (SOA) products formed through aqueous-phase photonitration of guaiacol (2014)

Abstract. Guaiacol (2-methoxyphenol) and its derivatives can be emitted into the atmosphere by thermal degradation (i.e. burning) of wood lignins. Due to its volatility, guaiacol is predominantly distributed in the atmospheric gaseous phase. Recent studies have shown the importance of aqueous-phase reactions in addition to the dominant gas-phase and heterogeneous reactions of guaiacol, in the formation of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) in the atmosphere. The main objectives of the present study were to chemically characterize the low-volatility SOA products of the aqueous-phase photonitration of guaiacol and examine their possible presence in urban atmospheric aerosols. The aqueous-phase reactions were carried out under simulated sunlight and in the presence of H2O2 and nitrite. The formed guaiacol reaction products were concentrated by using solid-phase extraction (SPE) and then purified by means of semi-preparative high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The fractionated individual compounds were isolated as pure solids and further analyzed with liquid-state 1H, 13C and 2D nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and direct infusion negative ion electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry ((–)ESI-MS/MS). The NMR and product ion (MS2) spectra were used for unambiguous product structure elucidation. The main products of guaiacol photonitration are 4-nitroguaiacol (4NG), 6-nitroguaiacol (6NG), and 4,6-dinitroguaiacol (4,6DNG). Using the isolated compounds as standards, 4NG and 4,6DNG were unambiguously identified in winter PM10 aerosols from the city of Ljubljana (Slovenia) by means of HPLC/(–)ESI-MS/MS. Owing to the strong absorption of UV and visible light, 4,6DNG could be an important constituent of atmospheric "brown" carbon, especially in regions affected by biomass burning.
"structured creature" (2008)

This work, named "structured creature" is a prototype of moving space structure and is a so flexible structure that "structured creature" wriggles slowly, rising and collapsing repetitively. It gives a strong presage of the future where physical space completely corresponds to the subjective space that people perceive.
Microparticulas de poli-esteres para inmunoterapia en alergias (2007)

#TITULO: MICROPARTICULAS DE POLI-ESTERES PARA INMUNOTERAPIA EN ALERGIAS #RESUMEN: MICROPARTICLES OF POLY-ESTERS FOR IMMUNOTHERAPY IN ALLERGY Polymeric microparticles appear as a novel strategy for the administration of allergens, avoiding the periodical injections required in the subcutaneous immunotherapy. Beside, the carrier protects the allergen from degradation and allows the co-encapsuiation of immunoadjuvants, such as cpG sequences. in this work, poly-epsilon-caprolactone and poiy (lactic-co-glycolic) acid 502 and 756 have been selected to fabricate micro particles, obtaining high encapsulation efficiencies of ovalbumin (OVA), used as allergen model. in the same way, PLGA microparticles demonstrated their potential as CpG carriers, complexed either with chitosan or dotap. Regardinq the immune response after intradermal administration, the co-encapsulation or both the oligonucleotide and the allergen resulted in an increase of the Thl profile when the administration of the microencapsulated allergen in absence of CpG sequences induced the production of high leveis of igG2a (PLGA 502). However, no benefits were observed when CpG motifs were co-encapsulated along with the allergen if the microparticles containing only ova potentated a strong Thl response (PLGA 756). Finally, igE and igGl leveis detected for the allergen into microparticles were lower than those obtained in animais treated with the soluble forms of the allergen. in the anaphylactic episode, it is noteworthing that the administration of the allergen encapsulated reduced the mortality, especially in the case of microparticles of OVA and CpG sequences associated with DOTAP (100% survival). Despite the immunological mechanisms involved in this processes are still unknown, the combination of allergen and CpG sequences into microparticles could be a safe and efficient alternative for the current treatments in immunotherapy
Reverse Engineering of a Secret AES-like Cipher by Ineffective Fault Analysis (2013)

In this paper we investigate the problem of reverse engineering the specifications of a secret AES-like block cipher defined by a set of non-standard parameters. We allow the designer to modify all parameters of an AES (S-Box table, SR constants, MC coefficients as well as the RW and the RC values) provided that the SPN structure and sizes are preserved. We propose a chosen plaintext FIRE attack based on ineffective fault analysis (IFA) in the "byte stuck at 0" fault model. We describe a step-by-step procedure that recovers the AES-like secret parameters without requiring the knowledge of the encryption key. The soundness and the efficiency of each step is evaluated by simulations. As our attack assumes that no classical countermeasure against side-channel and fault analysis is implemented, it intends to demonstrate that protecting the implementation of such AES-like function is not a facultative option even if its specifications are not public.
Orthotics and orthodontics. (1996)

Many doctors think of orthotics or occlusal splints in connection with temporomandibular joint dysfunction patients and treatments. Few think of occlusal splints or intraoral orthotics in conjunction with orthodontics as diagnostic instruments. This article will demonstrate a close association between intraoral orthotics for diagnostic purposes to establish a functional mandibular-maxillary relationship before or during orthodontic treatment. Orthotics allow the practitioner to establish and maintain a harmony between the joint structures, the muscles and the dentition. Orthotics establish the stable orthopedic relationship prior to orthodontic intervention and thus, the end point of treatment established prior to irreversible corrections and a diagnosis of cause-effect relationships can be determined. Properly relating the mandible to the maxilla allows the opportunity to determine the arch developmental requirements necessary to maintain this functional relationship.
Effect of detailed power system models in traditional and voltage-stability-constrained optimal power-flow problems (2003)

In this paper, detailed generator, exponential load, and static volt-ampere-reactive (VAr) compensator models are incorporated into traditional and voltage-stability-constrained optimal power-flow problems to study the effect that the different models have on costs and system-loadability. The proposed models are compared to typical models by means of a detailed analysis of the results obtained for two IEEE test systems; interior point methods are used to obtain numerical solutions of the associated optimization problems.
On the Design of Deep Priors for Unsupervised Audio Restoration (2021)

Unsupervised deep learning methods for solving audio restoration problems extensively rely on carefully tailored neural architectures that carry strong inductive biases for defining priors in the time or spectral domain. In this context, lot of recent success has been achieved with sophisticated convolutional network constructions that recover audio signals in the spectral domain. However, in practice, audio priors require careful engineering of the convolutional kernels to be effective at solving ill-posed restoration tasks, while also being easy to train. To this end, in this paper, we propose a new U-Net based prior that does not impact either the network complexity or convergence behavior of existing convolutional architectures, yet leads to significantly improved restoration. In particular, we advocate the use of carefully designed dilation schedules and dense connections in the U-Net architecture to obtain powerful audio priors. Using empirical studies on standard benchmarks and a variety of ill-posed restoration tasks, such as audio denoising, in-painting and source separation, we demonstrate that our proposed approach consistently outperforms widely adopted audio prior architectures.
RIS-Based Radio Localization in Rich Scattering Environments: Harnessing Multi-Path with ANN Decoders (2021)

Radio localization is a key enabling technology for situational awareness but conventional techniques based on elaborate ray-tracing approaches naturally struggle in rich scattering environments (inside rooms, metro stations, planes, vessels, …). Here, we discuss a completely different approach to radio localization: instead of attempting to understand rich scattering wave propagation in terms of rays, we harness the overwhelming complexity because it assigns unique wave finger-prints to each object position. We interpret wave propagation as a physical encoder of the sought-after localization information in multiplexed measurements and detail artificial neural network (ANN) architectures suitable to decode these measurements for a single or multiple, discrete or continuous, sought-after location variable(s). Capitalizing on recent physics-driven experiments, we clarify that the proposed technique is very robust to measurement noise and capable of achieving deeply sub-wavelength localization precision. The discussed technique can be implemented with multiplexing across spatial, spectral or configurational degrees of freedom, corresponding to sensor networks, broadband measurements and RIS-programmable environments, respectively. Specifically, multiplexing across a fixed random sequence of RIS configurations enables single-frequency localization with a single node. Finally, we propose an end-to-end vision of the technique in which programmable RIS elements take the role of physical weights in a hybrid analog-digital ANN. Thereby, relevant information for the localization task can be discriminated from irrelevant information already in the measurement process, enabling substantial latency improvements.
Ontology-based photo annotation (2001)

While technology enables the storage and distribution of photographic images on an unprecedented scale, finding what you want can be like finding the proverbial needle in a haystack. The authors describe their approach and the tool they developed to make annotating photos and searching for specific images more intelligent.
Intelligent Synchronous Control for Gantry Position Stage (2014)

A cross-coupled proportional-integral-derivative neural network (PIDNN) control is proposed in this study for the synchronous control of a dual linear motors servo system which is installed in a gantry position stage. First, the dynamics of the field-oriented control PMLSM servo drive with a lumped uncertainty, which contains parameter variations, external disturbance and friction force, is introduced. Then, to achieve accurate trajectory tracking performance with robustness, an intelligent control approach using PIDNN is proposed for the field-oriented control PMLSM servo drive system. In the proposed approach, the on-line learning algorithms of the PIDNN are derived using back-propagation (BP) method to guarantee the convergence of the network. Finally, some experimental results are illustrated to depict the validity of the proposed control approach.
Biological removing of Cadmium from contaminated media by fungal biomass of Trichoderma species (2014)

Trichoderma species are important fungi in decreasing of Cadmium ions. They have bioremediation potency under various pH and concentration conditions.
Impact of neoadjuvant chemo-immunotherapy on surgical outcomes and time to radiation in triple negative breast cancer. (2023)

555 Background: The impact of preoperative chemo-immunotherapy on surgical complications and timing of adjuvant therapy is not well understood. We examined the association between neoadjuvant pembrolizumab plus chemotherapy (NAC+P) compared to neoadjuvant chemotherapy alone (NAC) and treatment delays and postoperative complications in triple negative breast cancer (TNBC). The effect of immune-related adverse events (irAEs) on these outcomes was also compared. Methods: 143 women with stage II-III TNBC treated with NAC+P based on the KEYNOTE 522 (KN522) regimen from 8/2021-9/2022 were compared to 287 consecutive patients who received NAC prior to 7/2021. Baseline characteristics, time to treatments, and surgical complications were compared between KN522 and non-KN522, and among KN522 with/without irAEs using two-sample non-parametric tests. Linear regression evaluated association of irAEs with time to surgery and radiation. Conditional logistic regression identified factors associated with surgical complications among KN522 patients. Results: Age, BMI, race, ASA class, and mastectomy rates were similar among KN522 and non-KN522 patients. Interval from end of neoadjuvant treatment until surgery was one day longer for patients receiving NAC+P (median 32 days (IQR 27, 43) vs. 31 days (26, 37) non-KN522, p = 0.035). Time to radiation did not differ (p = 0.2). Postoperative complications occurred in 26 (9%) non-KN522 vs 12 (8.4%) of KN522 patients (p = 0.7) (Table). 55/144 (38%) of KN522 patients experienced 74 irAE; 42 (76%) required treatment. Pembrolizumab was held in 21 (38%) and discontinued permanently in 17 (31%). One KN522 patient experienced a fatal irAE (pneumonitis). Older age (coeff. 0.38, 95% CI 0.06-0.70, p = 0.02) and ASA class 4 (coeff. 53, 95% CI 14-92, p = 0.009) were associated with delays to surgery but irAE was not (p = 0.070). Neither presence of irAE (coeff. 6.8, 95% CI -0.74-14, p = 0.081) or number of irAEs (coeff. 4.1, 95% CI -1.2-9.3, p = 0.13) were associated with time to radiation. IrAEs were not associated with surgical complications (p = 0.5). Conclusions: Postoperative complications or delays to surgery or adjuvant radiation were similar in patients treated with NAC+P compared to NAC. IrAEs were not associated with delays to surgery or adjuvant radiation or postoperative complications. [Table: see text]
Shielding Transmission Validation with Solid State Detectors (2003)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;As shielding materials are developed for protection against the hazards of galactic cosmic rays, it is desirable to develop a protocol for rapid assessment of shielding properties. Solid state energy loss detectors are often used to estimate the charge and energy of particles in ion beam experiments. The direct measurement is energy deposited in the detector. As a means of separating the charge components in typical shield transmission studies with observation, a stack of many such detectors is used. With high-energy beams and thin targets, surviving primaries and fragments emerging from the target have nearly-equal velocities and deposited energy scales with the square of the charge, simplifying the data analysis. The development of a transport model for the shield and detector arrangement and evaluation of prediction of the energy loss spectrum for direct comparison with the experimentally derived data allows a rapid assessment of the shield transmission characteristics. Such a model has recently been developed and is validated herein by comparison with results from particle beam experiments.&lt;/div&gt;
Staff Workload Scheduling in Large Engineering Schools (2004)

This paper uses the simulated annealing algorithm to solve a unique staff workload scheduling problem present in a school that has about 250 academic staff and 4000 students. This paper also examines and compares various types of cooling schedules. Five types of cooling schedules, namely, geometric ratio, hybrid geometric function with reheating, quadratic equation, Huang's equation and improved quadratic equation are tested for the scheduling problem. For each cooling schedule, ten test runs are conducted. The results show that the hybrid geometric function with reheating, whose value is directly proportional to the cost function, yields best results to the problem.
Secretogranins I and II: two tyrosine-sulfated secretory proteins common to a variety of cells secreting peptides by the regulated pathway. (1985)

We report on the biochemical and immunological properties as well as on the cellular and subcellular distribution of two proteins, called secretogranins I and II. These proteins specifically occur in a wide variety of endocrine and neuronal cells that package and sort regulatory peptides into secretory granules. Both secretogranins take the same intracellular route as the peptides and are also sorted into secretory granules. Secretogranins I and II are biochemically and immunologically distinct proteins and differ from chromogranin A. Yet, these three proteins are similar to each other in many respects and therefore constitute one class of proteins. A remarkable feature of this protein class is a very acidic pI, brought about by a high content of acidic amino acids as well as by phosphorylation on serine and sulfation on tyrosine and O-linked carbohydrate. As a result, this class of proteins has a high net negative charge even at the acidic pH of the trans Golgi cisternae. We discuss the possibility that this property of the proteins may point to a role in the packaging of regulatory peptides into secretory granules.
Random Beam Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy and Compressive Sensing as Tools for Drastic Electron Dose Reduction in Electron Tomography (2016)

Electron tomography is a fantastic tool for deciphering the structural information of complex 3D samples. During the last years, several tools have been developped to improve the 3D reconstruction quality of thick specimens. The direct detector cameras have incredibly increased the SNR and resolution of thin samples 2D projections, bringing electron microscopy resolution at the level of the one of X‐ray diffraction studies. However, the study of thick biological samples in tomography still suffers from the too important electron dose one has to use in order to retrieve high quality images and reconstructions. It has been shown that STEM tomography can generate more accurate reconstructions than TEM tomography while preserving better the sample integrity. Previous uses of compressive sensing enabled the reduction of tilt‐angles in tomography studies, unveiling electron dose reduction. Here, we push further the electron dose reduction thanks to a more effective compressive sensing method which uses incomplete images as incoherent data. The generation of incomplete images being performed at the microscope during the acquisition process where the beam randomly scans the surface of the sample.
[Early induction of diabetes in NOD mice by streptozotocin]. (1987)

To clarify whether the non-obese diabetes prone (NOD) mouse has an unusual pancreatic sensitivity to damage, mice were administered streptozotocin in high dose (direct beta cell toxic) or multiple low-dose (autoimmune-insulitis generating) regimen. NOD mice were found to be less sensitive to the diabetogenic effects of high-dose streptozotocin than C57BL/6 mice, but were exquisitely responsive to the multiple low dose regimen when compared to C57BL/6 or C3H/HeJ mice. These results suggest that the basic defect in NOD mice resides in the immune system and that the NOD mouse may be a useful model to investigate the relationships between environmental factors and intrinsic genetic predisposition to diabetes.
Early detection of tree encroachment in high voltage powerline corridor using growth model and UAV-borne LiDAR (2022)

UAV-borne LiDAR is an innovative and effective technique for tree encroachment detection in high voltage powerline corridor. However, the periodical inspection of the whole powerline corridor is inefficient, as the powerline segments occurring the tree encroachment only account for a very small part. In this paper, taking one segment of the powerline corridor in Taining County, Fujian province, China as the test site, we acquired the point cloud data using a UAV-borne LiDAR, and then combined the tree growth model and two-phase encroachment detection algorithm to realize efficiently early detection of tree encroachment. First, the points of powerlines and trees were classified from the point cloud, and then the individual tree heights and the belonging tree species were extracted. Based on tree plot data, the relationships between tree heights and tree ages were established using Richards growth model. Secondly, the individual tree heights were predicted at given time points, and the tree encroachments were detected in advance according to the required safe distance between powerlines and trees. To tackle the huge amount of point cloud data and calculation, the two-phase tree encroachment detection algorithm based on bounding boxes was applied to replace the traditional point traversal algorithm. As a result, the exact locations of tree encroachment were early detected and the specific encroaching trees were also pre-identified. Lastly, the pre-detected tree encroachment should be verified through field survey, and treated accordingly. Thus, the inspection efficiency would be greatly improved. In accuracy assessment, the coefficient of determination (R2) and the root mean square error (RMSE) of fitted growth model for Masson pine were 0.812 and 2.308 m, and 0.861 and 2.556 m for Eucalyptus, respectively. Compared with point traversal algorithm, the calculation efficiency of the two-phase tree encroachment detection algorithm was improved by nearly 76 times on average.