gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Drugs for gestational diabetes (2010)

The prevalence of gestational diabetes is increasing in Australia. Non-pharmacological intervention with dietary measures and exercise is the mainstay of therapy in most cases, but insulin is increasingly necessary to achieve adequate glycaemic control in some women. Basal-bolus insulin is the optimal management strategy, but therapy needs to be individualised. Although there is mounting evidence for the efficacy and safety of metformin, the lack of long-term follow-up data has prevented it from being recommended by most experts in the field. women with gestational diabetes need long-term follow-up because of their increased risk of type 2 diabetes.
ONCE-3DLanes: Building Monocular 3D Lane Detection (2022)

We present ONCE-3DLanes, a real-world autonomous driving dataset with lane layout annotation in 3D space. Conventional 2D lane detection from a monocular image yields poor performance of following planning and control tasks in autonomous driving due to the case of uneven road. Predicting the 3D lane layout is thus necessary and enables effective and safe driving. However, existing 3D lane detection datasets are either unpublished or synthesized from a simulated environment, severely hampering the development of this field. In this paper, we take steps towards addressing these issues. By exploiting the explicit relationship between point clouds and image pixels, a dataset annotation pipeline is designed to automatically generate high-quality 3D lane locations from 2D lane annotations in 211K road scenes. In addition, we present an extrinsic-free, anchorfree method, called SALAD, regressing the 3D coordinates of lanes in image view without converting the feature map into the bird's-eye view (BEV). To facilitate future research on 3D lane detection, we benchmark the dataset and provide a novel evaluation metric, performing extensive experiments of both existing approaches and our proposed method. The aim of our work is to revive the interest of 3D lane detection in a real-world scenario. We believe our work can lead to the expected and unexpected innovations in both academia and industry.
Enhanced Uptake and Metabolism of Riboflavin in Erythrocytes Infected with Plasmodium falciparum (1991)

Riboflavin deficiency inhibits the growth of malaria parasites both in vitro and in vivo in infected animals and humans. Although the precise mechanisms underlying this inhibition are unknown, they may involve enhanced requirements for riboflavin by parasites. To investigate this possibility, the rate of uptake of [14C]riboflavin and the biosynthesis of FMN and FAD from riboflavin were studied in infected (5-8% parasitemia) and uninfected human erythrocytes. All cells were incubated for 0-3 h at 37 degrees C in phosphate buffered saline containing MgCl2, glucose, and [14C]riboflavin (2.5-7.5 microM). At hourly intervals, samples were removed, centrifuged, washed twice with cold buffer, and lysed before counting the radioactivity. The rate of in vitro biosynthesis of FMN and FAD from riboflavin in erythrocytes was measured by ion exchange chromatography and reverse isotope dilution techniques. Results showed that the rate of riboflavin uptake and the biosynthesis of FMN and FAD were enhanced in erythrocytes with parasitemia as compared with results in unparasitized erythrocytes. Riboflavin uptake in erythrocytes was proportional to the extent of parasitemia and especially to percent of schizonts present in erythrocytes. These studies indicate that the requirement for riboflavin may be greater in the parasite than in the host erythrocyte. This increased riboflavin requirement may be due to rapid multiplication, higher metabolic rate, and extreme vulnerability to oxidative stress of malaria parasites compared with that of host erythrocytes. The differential requirement of riboflavin by the host and the malaria parasite may hold important potential for developing new strategies for malaria chemotherapy.
The Folded Conformation of the Encephalitogenic Protein of the Human Brain (1974)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Folded Conformation of the Encephalitogenic Protein of the Human BrainR. M. Epand, M. A. Moscarello, B. Zierenberg, and W. J. VailCite this: Biochemistry 1974, 13, 6, 1264–1267Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1974Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1974https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/bi00703a032https://doi.org/10.1021/bi00703a032research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views34Altmetric-Citations76LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Digital rights management - a survey of existing technologies (2005)

Systems that provide Digital Rights Management (DRM) are highly complex and extensive: DRM technologies must support a diversity of devices, users, platforms, and media, and a wide variety of system requirements concerning security, flexibility, and manageability. This complexity and extensiveness poses major challenges to DRM development due to fragmentation of individual solutions, limited reuse and interoperability of DRM systems, and lack of a domain-specific structure that supports and guides the design and implementation of DRM systems and their applications. In order to handle these challenges in an effective and efficient way, we need to understand the DRM context and the internal structure of current DRM solutions. This report presents (1) an easy to understand introduction to DRM by proposing a high level architectural view, (2) an overview of the most important DRM technologies, both proprietary point solutions and open standards, and their mapping onto the architectural view, (3) an overview of the most important rights enforcement and interpretation technologies, and (4) a discussion on the evolution of DRM that can be expected in the near future. Identifying key DRM services and rights enforcement technologies, and locating them in an overall architecture brings us one step closer to a software architecture for DRM.
Effect of laparotomy on respiratory muscle activation pattern (2016)

Muscular tone of the abdominal wall is important in maintaining transdiaphragmatic pressures and its loss can lead to decreased lung volumes. Patients who are status postlaparotomy are at risk of developing atelectasis. The compensatory role of respiratory muscle activity in postlaparotomy is not well studied. Normally, inspiratory muscles are active during inspiration and passive during expiration to allow for lung recoil. However, electrical activities of the inspiratory muscles continue during early expiratory phase to prevent rapid loss of lung volume. This activity is known as post-inspiratory inspiratory activity (PIIA). In this study, we hypothesized that laparotomy will elicit an increase in PIIA, which is enhanced by respiratory chemical loading. Experiments were conducted in cats under three different conditions: intact abdomen (n = 3), open abdomen (n = 10), and post abdominal closure (n = 10) during eupnea and hypercapnia (10% CO2). Electromyography (EMG) activities of the diaphragm and parasternal muscles were recorded and peak EMG amplitude, PIIA time, and area under the curve were measured. Intraesophageal pressure was also obtained. PIIA was significantly higher under open abdominal conditions in comparison to intact abdomen during eupnea. Our data indicates that PIIA is increased during open abdomen and may be an important compensatory mechanism for altered respiratory mechanics induced by laparotomy. Also, PIIA remained elevated after abdominal closure. However, under hypercapnia, PIIA was significantly higher during intact abdomen in comparison to open abdomen, which is thought to be due to respiratory muscle compensation under chemical loading.
An effective snippet generation method using the pseudo relevance feedback technique (2007)

A (page or web) snippet is document excerpts allowing a user to understand if a document is indeed relevant without accessing it. This paper proposes an effective snippet generation method. The pseudo relevance feedback technique and text summarization techniques are applied to salient sentences extraction for generating good quality snippets. In the experimental results, the proposed method showed much better performance than other methods including Google and Naver.
Bilirubin Possesses Powerful Immunomodulatory Activity and Suppresses Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis (2008)

Bilirubin, an abundant bile pigment in mammalian serum, was once considered a toxic waste product and has more recently been recognized as a potent antioxidant of physiological importance. However, its potential biological functions in other fields are not well understood. Herein we show that bilirubin is also a powerful immunomodulatory agent. Bilirubin significantly inhibited Ag-specific and polyclonal T cell responses, while other similar antioxidants completely lacked this effect. Bilirubin suppressed CD4(+) T cell responses at multiple steps. High levels of bilirubin could induce apoptosis in reactive CD4(+) T cells. Bilirubin at nonapoptotic concentrations suppressed CD4(+) T cell reactivity through a wide range of actions, including inhibition of costimulator activities, suppression of immune transcription factor activation, and down-regulation of inducible MHC class II expression. Further studies suggest that bilirubin actions were direct, rather than via induction of immune deviation or regulatory T cells. In vivo, treatment with bilirubin effectively suppressed experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in SJL/J mice. In contrast, depletion of endogenous bilirubin dramatically exacerbated this disease. In summary, our results identify bilirubin as an important immunomodulator that may protect mammals against autoimmune diseases, thereby indicating its potential in the treatment of multiple sclerosis and other immune disorders.
Baseline assessment in Scotland (1999)

Baseline assessment in Scotland has developed in a different context from the rest of the UK. Early in 1998, the Scottish Office Education and Industry Department launched a national framework which is now being piloted in a number of education authorities across the country. Meanwhile, authorities had developed schemes of baseline assessment to evaluate their programmes of early intervention in literacy. This study presents a survey of these schemes in all 32 Scottish education authorities, together with a description of the national scheme and a discussion of the main issues arising. Within the context of baseline assessment across the curriculum it provides a profile of an important but very diverse national literacy initiative.
Sonochemical hot spot (1986)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSonochemical hot spotKenneth S. Suslick, David A. Hammerton, and Raymond E. ClineCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1986, 108, 18, 5641–5642Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1986Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1986https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00278a055https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00278a055research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2981Altmetric-Citations1035LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
3D exploration of light scattering from live cells in the presence of gold nanomarkers using holographic microscopy (2011)

In this paper, we explore the 3D structure of light scattering from dark-field illuminated live 3T3 cells in the presence of 40 nm gold nanomarkers. For this purpose, we use a high resolution holographic microscope combining the off-axis heterodyne geometry and the phase-shifting acquisition of the digital holograms. A comparative study of the 3D reconstructions of the scattered fields allows us to locate the gold markers which yield, contrarily to the cell structures, well defined bright scattering patterns that are not angularly titled and clearly located along the optical axis (z). This characterization is an unambiguous signature of the presence of gold biological nanomarkers, and validates the capability of digital holographic microscopy to discriminate them from background signals in live ce
Chemical Inhomogeneity and Mixed-State Ferromagnetism in Diluted Magnetic Semiconductor Co:TiO2 (2008)

Diluted magnetic semiconductors (DMS) are among the most intensely investigated materials in recent times in view of their great application potential. Yet, they are also the most controversial because of the possibility of extrinsic effects attributable to dopant solubility and clustering, point defects, incorporation of unintentional impurities, etc. This has highlighted the central role of materials chemistry in rendering a specific microstate and property response. In this work, we provide a combined window of high-resolution scanning transmission electron microscopy and electron energy-loss spectrometry, X-ray absorption (XAS)/X-ray magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD), and magnetization measurements on epitaxial rutile CoxTi1−xO2 (x = 0–0.06) system (the first discovered oxide-DMS, which continues to be controversial) grown at low temperature (400 °C) under different ambient atmospheres. The study brings out a mixed-state scenario of ferromagnetism involving intrinsic DMS (uniform dopant distribution at low dopant concentration) and coupled cluster magnetism, involving cobalt associations within the matrix at higher concentrations. We also show that by matrix valence control during growth, it is possible to realize a uniform embedded cluster state and the related coupled cluster magnetism.
Reaction of Nitrosonium Cation with Resorc[4]arenes Activated by Supramolecular Control: Covalent Bond Formation (2013)

Resorc[4]arenes 1 and 2, which previously proved to entrap NO(+) cation within their cavities under conditions of host-to-guest excess, were treated with a 10-fold excess of NOBF4 salt in chloroform. Kinetic and spectral UV-visible analyses revealed the formation of isomeric 1:2 complexes as a direct evolution of the previously observed event. Accordingly, three-body 1-(NO(+))2 and 2-(NO(+))2 adducts were built by MM and fully optimized by DFT calculations at the B3LYP/6-31G(d) level of theory. Notably, covalent nitration products 4, 5 and 6, 7 were obtained by reaction of NOBF4 salt with host 1 and 2, respectively, involving macrocycle ring-opening and insertion of a nitro group in one of the four aromatic rings. In particular, compounds 4 and 6, both containing a trans-double bond in the place of the methine bridge, were oxidized to aldehydes 5 and 7, respectively, after addition of water to the reaction mixture. Calculation of the charge and frontier orbitals of the aromatic donor (HOMO) and the NO(+) acceptor (LUMO) clearly suggests an ipso electrophilic attack by a first NO(+) unit on the resorcinol ring, mediated by the second NO(+) unit.
Adaptive view dependent tessellation of displacement maps (2000)

Displacement Mapping is an effective technique for encoding the high levels of detail found in today's triangle based surface models. Extending the hardware rendering pipeline to be capable of handling displacement maps as geometric primitives, will allow highly detailed models to be constructed without requiring large numbers of triangles to be passed from the CPU to the graphics pipeline. We present a new approach based on recursive tessellation that adapts to the surface complexity described by the displacement map. We also ensure that the resolution of the displaced mesh is tessellated with respect to the current view point. Our tessellation scheme performs all tests only on triangle edges to avoid generating cracks on the displaced surface. The main decision for vertex insertion is based on two comparisons involving the average height surrounding the vertices and the normals at the vertices. Individually, the tests will fail to tessellate a mesh satisfactorily, but their combination achieves good results.
Effect of thermal osteonecrosis around implants in the rat tibia: numerical and histomorphometric results in context of implant removal (2022)

The purpose of this rat study was to explore the feasibility of in vivo temperature thresholds affecting bone contact at the implant surface. Based on these data, thermal necrosis should be used for implant removal in the subsequent in vivo study. Rat tibiae of 48 animals at one site were randomly treated with heat or cold before implant insertion. Temperatures of 4 °C, 3 °C, 2 °C, 48 °C, 49 °C and 50 °C for a tempering time of 1 min were evaluated. Numerical simulations of the heat source-implant-bone system were carried out. Effects were assessed by histomorphometrical measurements. The results showed that the selected method of direct tempering using a tempering pin was suitable for maintaining a uniform layer around the pin. Starting at warm temperatures of 48 °C and rising to 50 °C, the BIC ratio revealed declining values and a significant difference was observed when comparing 50 °C to the control group (p = 0.03). However, there were no significant variations within the cold temperatures. This study pinpointed temperature discovered that could lead to the thermo-explantation and so that the number of samples used in future studies on temperature-induced bone necrosis can be reduced to a minimum. Significant BIC value reduction was seen at a temperature of 50 °C for 1 min.
Transport Properties of Bi2212 Round Wires Grown in High Magnetic Fields (2007)

The transport critical current density J <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">c</sub> is one of the most important properties for practical applications of high-T <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">c</sub> superconductors. The J <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">c</sub> properties of high-T <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">c</sub> superconductors are highly dependent on the microstructural texturing of the superconducting phase. In order to improve the grain alignment of the superconducting phase melt-processing in high magnetic fields is a very effective method based on the anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility. For Bi-based superconducting bulks and tapes, there have been many studies using the in-field melt-processing and large J <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">c</sub> enhancements due to the texture improvement are observed. In this study, we employed melt-processing in high magnetic fields for the Ag/Bi2212 round wires, which are much superior to thin tapes in fabricating superconducting magnets. Since the J <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">c</sub> properties of Ag/Bi2212 are very sensitive to the maximum temperature of the heat treatment, we performed the melt-processing under various maximum processing temperatures. During the heat treatment, a magnetic field of 0 T or 5 T was applied using a cryocooled superconducting magnet. For the wires heat-treated under a magnetic field, small increase of the J <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">c</sub> values were observed. From the results of the detailed analysis of the E - J properties, we found that there are possible microstructural changes due to the in-field process. It is suggested that the in-field heat-treatment is very effective for not only J <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">c</sub> enhancement but also the n-value improvement for Bi2212 conductors.
The Interaction of an Incident Shock Wave with Liquid Fuel Drops (1971)

Abstract Additional information concerning an experimental study which examines the results of the interaction of an incident shock wave with a fuel drop in oxidizing and inert atmospheres is described. For conditions under which spontaneous ignition occurs the combustion process may be described as a shock wave followed by a region of intense combustion. The two fuels examined, diethylcyclohexane and n-hexadecane, show similar combustion characteristics, and an ignition mechanism is postulated. The aerodynamic shattering behavior of the fuel drops is examined and a comparison is made with the shattering characteristics of water drops. The surface tension and/or the viscosity of the liquid may be important parameters with regard to the aerodynamic shattering, and the results of the acceleration wave theory of aerodynamic shattering are apparently not applicable to the conditions encountered in this study.
High spectral resolution infrared stimulated Rayleigh/Brillouin scattering in liquids (2001)

Summary form only given. Stimulated Rayleigh and stimulated Brillouin scattering provide information on the thermal and elastic properties of materials. These measurements may be performed at any wavelength for which the material is transparent. We demonstrate Rayleigh/Brillouin measurements at a wavelength of 1.064 /spl mu/m, where vibrational overtone or combination bands produce some absorption in organic liquids. This absorption causes stimulated thermal scattering, making the stimulated Rayleigh peak readily observable, and causing asymmetry in the stimulated Brillouin peak.