gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Specialty Specific Comparisons Regarding Perspectives on Fellowship Training (2014)

BACKGROUND: As part of a recent effort by the American Board of Pediatrics to examine fellowship training, a task force was established to review the components of training and develop recommendations for any modifications deemed necessary. To inform the task force, several studies were undertaken to gain insights and perspectives from current fellows, those who had completed fellowship training, and program directors regarding their experiences and the perceived value of their training. This article provides the findings for each subspecialty in tables that allow comparison with all other subspecialties for each study population. METHODS: All data were first analyzed for missing or incomplete response patterns. Frequency distributions of all findings were prepared for each specific subspecialty. Next, χ2 statistics were used to compare each subspecialty with the others. A P value &amp;lt;.05 was considered significant. RESULTS: Results for each question for each study population are shown in the tables, provided in the online data supplement. Supplemental Tables 1–29 are for program directors, Supplemental Tables 30–48 are for current fellows, Supplemental Tables 49–76 are for recent fellowship graduates, and Supplemental Tables 77–99 are for midcareer subspecialists. CONCLUSIONS: There are significant differences between the subspecialties in their perceptions of a variety of issues involving fellowship training.
Research data supporting “Dual-responsive supramolecular colloidal microcapsules from cucurbit[8]uril molecular recognition in microfluidic droplets” (2016)

Supporting data for the article titled " Dual-responsive supramolecular colloidal microcapsules from cucurbit[8]uril molecular recognition in microfluidic droplets ". The data is structured into three folders including: 1. Dynamic light scattering (DLS) spreadsheet; 2. 150 kDa FD cargo release from microcapsules over 1h at temperatures of 25, 35 and 45 °C; 3. 150 kDa FD cargo release from microcapsules after 30 s of UV irradiation at 377 nm.
Contribution of the metal∕SiO2 interface potential to photoinduced switching in molecular single-electron tunneling junctions (2005)

Photoinduced switching of the Coulomb staircase in molecular single-electron tunneling junctions was previously observed. These junctions consisted of evaporated SiO2 insulator (∼5nm), with tetrakis-3,5-di-t-butylphenyl-porphyrin (H2-TBPP) molecules as Coulomb islands, sandwiched between top and bottom electrodes. The reversible response and the relaxation time of the photoinduced switching suggest that this phenomenon depends on the properties of the metal∕SiO2 interface rather than those of the H2-TBPP molecule or SiO2 tunneling layer. We analyzed the photoinduced switching according to the theory of single-electron tunneling taking into account the discrete molecular energy states and the metal∕SiO2 interfacial electrostatic phenomena. We conclude that the main contributor to the photoinduced shift was the electrostatic potential formed through the space-charge exchange at the metal∕SiO2 interface.
Photoimageable Silver cofireable conductor compatible with 951 Green Tape (1998)

A new photoimageable Silver thick film technology has been demonstrated compatible with 951 Green Tape . Packaging densities approaching thin film or etched thick film circuits have been demonstrated. Based on DuPont's photopolymer technology, this new technology facilitates conductor photopatterning in the green (unfired) state. Individual layers are imaged and developed in an aqueous process prior to lamination and cofiring. Line widths and spaces of 50 μm have been demonstrated with line definition that is superior to that obtained by conventional screen printing, improving signal transmission characteristics. This paper describes the new photoimageable Ag technology and a process for integrating it into the conventional Green Tape manufacturing sequence. Preliminary data obtained from a Wireless Performance test vehicle, which includes integrated capacitors, inductors and band pass filters, indicate lower resistivity, higher yields, and improved Q.
Purification and properties of guanylate kinase from bovine retinas and rod outer segments (1986)

The presence of three soluble nucleotide phosphotransferases in bovine rod outer segments was demonstrated: guanylate kinase (EC 2.7.4.8), nucleoside-diphosphate kinase (EC 2.7.4.6) and adenylate kinase (EC 2.7.4.3). The enzyme guanylate kinase, which catalyzes the reaction GMP + ATP in equilibrium GDP + ADP, was purified to homogeneity from isolated bovine rod outer segments as well as from bovine retinas. The enzyme preparations obtained from both sources are identical in their chromatographic properties, molecular mass (20-23 kDa for both native enzyme and dodecylsulfate-denatured polypeptide), Km values (13 microM for GMP and 430 microM for ATP), specific activities, and nucleotide specificities. The enzyme's turnover number was estimated to be 130 s-1. The minimum amount of enzyme found in rod outer segments is about 1 copy per 800 rhodopsin molecules. The role of the enzyme in the cyclic GMP cycle in rod outer segments is discussed.
Phase-coherent transport in selectively grown topological insulator nanodots (2018)

Oxidized Si(111) substrates were pre-structured by electron beam lithography and used as a substrate for the selective growth of three-dimensional topological insulators (TI) by molecular beam epitaxy. The patterned holes were filled up by the TI, i.e. Sb<sub>2</sub>Te<sub>3</sub> and Bi<sub>2</sub>Te<sub>3</sub>, to form nanodots. Scanning electron microscopy and focused ion beam cross-sectioning was utilized to determine the morphology and depth profile of the nanodots. The magnetotransport measurements revealed universal conductance fluctuations originating from electron interference in phase-coherent loops. We find that these loops are oriented preferentially within the quintuple layers of the TI with only a small perpendicular contribution. Furthermore, we found clear indications of an conductivity anisotropy between different crystal orientations.
Seamless Capture and Discovery for Corporate Memory (2006)

landmark article, over a half century ago, Vannevar Bush envisioned a Memory Extender device he dubbed the (7). Bush's ideas anticipated and inspired numerous breakthroughs, including hypertext, the Internet, the World Wide Web, and Wikipedia. However, despite these triumphs, the memex has still not lived up to its potential in corporate settings. One reason is that corporate users often don't have sufficient time or incentives to contribute to a corporate memory or to explore others' contributions. At FXPAL, we are investigating ways to automatically create and retrieve useful corporate memories without any added burden on anyone. In this paper we discuss how ProjectorBox—a smart appliance for automatic presentation capture—and PAL Bar—a system for proactively retrieving contextually relevant corporate memories—have enabled us to integrate content from a variety of sources to create a cohesive multimedia corporate memory for our organization.
Wideband speech and audio coding using gammatone filter banks (2002)

Considerable research attention has been directed towards speech and audio coding algorithms capable of producing high quality coded speech and audio, however few of these use signal representations which account for temporal as well as spectral detail. This paper presents a new technique for 16 kHz wideband speech and audio coding, whereby analysis and synthesis are performed using a linear phase gammatone filter bank. The outputs of these critical band filters are processed to obtain a series of pulse trains that represent neural firing. Auditory masking is then applied to reduce the number of pulses, producing a more compact time-frequency parameterization. The critical band gains and pulse amplitudes and positions are then coded using a combination of non-uniform quantization, arithmetic coding and vector quantization. This coding paradigm produces high quality coded speech and audio, is based upon well-known models of the auditory system, is highly scalable, and has moderate complexity.
523 Transitional Temperature Change Characteristics of the Silicon Wafer in the Wafer Process and Numerical Analysis (2000)

This paper investigates the radiative cooling characteristics of the silicon wafer in vertical heating furnace was examined using experiment and numerical calculation. As the result, the largest cooling speed of the wafers became about 110℃/min, simultaneously examination for the thermal stress seems to be also necessary, because the maximum temperature difference of wafer surface is also considerably big. The numerical simulation showed good correspondence of the experimental result.
Neuro-protective potential of a vesicular system of a standardized extract of a new chemotype of Withania somnifera Dunal (NMITLI118RT+) against cerebral stroke in rats (2015)

Withania somnifera Dunal is an Indian medicinal plant with significant pharmacological properties, such as adaptogenic, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, anti-platelet, anti-hypertensive, hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effects. Several chemotypes of W. somnifera include NMITLI-101, NMITLI-118 and NMITLI-128. The present work elaborates the optimization and development of a liposomal delivery system for efficient delivery of NMITLI118RT+ [a standardized ethanolic extract of a new chemotype of W. somnifera Dunal (NMITLI-118) roots] against cerebral stroke in rats. Liposomal systems were prepared using thin-film hydration method and characterized on the basis of size, zeta potential, physical stability, FT-IR, DSC-TGA analysis and surface morphological studies by TEM. NMITLI118RT+ and its formulations (NMITLI118RT+LF) were evaluated for biological activity utilizing middle cerebral artery occlusion model in rats. The Z average of the developed liposomal formulation was about 142.6 ± 0.09 nm with a zeta potential of -31.20 ± 1.0 mV. Results of TEM revealed spherical particles in the range of 200 nm. The entrapment efficiency was found to be 94.603 ± 2%. The formulation was found to be physically stable over a 3-week period. Results were suggestive of the fact that both NMITLI118RT+ and its delivery system possess significant neuroprotective activity in cerebral ischemia. The liposomal system largely exhibits better performance over NMITLI118RT+ precisely in the post-treatment group. The present studies could elucidate the successful development of a delivery system for NMITLI118RT+ and demonstrate their beneficial neuro-protective potential in overcoming and reversing the consequences of I/R injury following stroke.
Magnetic stabilization and vorticity in submillimeter paramagnetic liquid tubes (2009)

It is possible to suppress convection and dispersion of a paramagnetic liquid by means of a magnetic field. A tube of paramagnetic liquid can be stabilized in water along a ferromagnetic track in a vertical magnetic field, but not in a horizontal field. Conversely, an "antitube" of water can be stabilized in a paramagnetic liquid along the same track in a transverse horizontal field, but not in a vertical field. The stability arises from the interaction of the induced moment in the solution with the magnetic field gradient in the vicinity of the track. The magnetic force causes the tube of paramagnetic liquid to behave as if it were encased by an elastic membrane whose cross-section is modified by gravitational forces and Maxwell stress. Convection from the tube to its surroundings is inhibited, but not diffusion. Liquid motion within the paramagnetic tube, however, exhibits vorticity in tubes of diameter 1 mm or less--conditions where classical pipe flow would be perfectly streamline, and mixing extremely slow. The liquid tube is found to slide along the track almost without friction. Paramagnetic liquid tubes and antitubes offer appealing new prospects for mass transport, microfluidics, and electrodeposition.
Advanced Experimental Methods for Low-temperature Magnetotransport Measurement of Novel Materials (2016)

Novel electronic materials are often produced for the first time by synthesis processes that yield bulk crystals (in contrast to single crystal thin film synthesis) for the purpose of exploratory materials research. Certain materials pose a challenge wherein the traditional bulk Hall bar device fabrication method is insufficient to produce a measureable device for sample transport measurement, principally because the single crystal size is too small to attach wire leads to the sample in a Hall bar configuration. This can be, for example, because the first batch of a new material synthesized yields very small single crystals or because flakes of samples of one to very few monolayers are desired. In order to enable rapid characterization of materials that may be carried out in parallel with improvements to their growth methodology, a method of device fabrication for very small samples has been devised to permit the characterization of novel materials as soon as a preliminary batch has been produced. A slight variation of this methodology is applicable to producing devices using exfoliated samples of two-dimensional materials such as graphene, hexagonal boron nitride (hBN), and transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs), as well as multilayer heterostructures of such materials. Here we present detailed protocols for the experimental device fabrication of fragments and flakes of novel materials with micron-sized dimensions onto substrate and subsequent measurement in a commercial superconducting magnet, dry helium close-cycle cryostat magnetotransport system at temperatures down to 0.300 K and magnetic fields up to 12 T.
Identification and genetic characterization of porcine circovirus type 3 in China (2017)

A novel circovirus called porcine circovirus type 3 (PCV3) was recently reported to exist in the USA. This circovirus is associated with porcine dermatitis, nephropathy syndrome and reproductive failure. This study reports on the first identification, widely epidemic, different phylogenetic clusters, potential role in sow reproductive failure and possible origins of PCV3 in China.
Hypotensive Agents. I. Acetylenic Diamines (1958)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTHypotensive Agents. I. Acetylenic DiaminesJohn H. Biel and Frank DiPierroCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1958, 80, 17, 4609–4614Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1958Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1958https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01550a049https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01550a049research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views360Altmetric-Citations25LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Intermolecular Redox‐Neutral Amine C−H Functionalization Induced by the Strong Boron Lewis Acid B(C6F5)3 in the Frustrated Lewis Pair Regime (2017)

N,N-Dimethylmesitylamine undergoes an intermolecular redox-neutral C-H activation/C-C coupling process upon treatment with dimethyl acetylenedicarboxylate and the strong boron Lewis acid B(C<sub>6</sub> F<sub>5</sub> )<sub>3</sub> . Similarly, N,N-dimethylmesitylamine reacts with two molar equivalents of ethyl acrylate to give the respective unsaturated coupling product with H<sub>2</sub> transfer to the acrylic ester to form the ethyl propionate/B(C<sub>6</sub> F<sub>5</sub> )<sub>3</sub> adduct. N,N-Dimethylmesitylamine also undergoes a C-H activation at the benzylic ortho sp<sup>3</sup> -carbon atom with dihydrogen formation upon treatment with Piers' borane [HB(C<sub>6</sub> F<sub>5</sub> )<sub>2</sub> ]. The last two reactions of N,N-dimethylmesitylamine were analyzed by DFT calculations.
Epigenetic Signatures in Antidepressant Treatment Response: a Methylome-wide Association Study in the EMC Trial (2022)

Abstract Although the currently available antidepressants are well established in the treatment of major depressive disorder (MDD), there is strong variability in the response of individual patients. Reliable predictors to guide treatment decisions before or in an early stage of treatment are needed. DNA-methylation has been proven a useful biomarker in different clinical conditions, but its importance for mechanisms of antidepressant response has not yet been determined. 80 MDD patients were selected out of &gt;500 participants from the Early Medication Change (EMC) cohort with available genetic material based on their antidepressant response after four weeks and stratified into clear responders and age- and sex-matched non-responders (N=40, each). Early improvement after two weeks was analyzed as a secondary outcome. DNA-methylation was determined using the Illumina EPIC BeadChip. Epigenome-wide association studies were performed and differentially methylated regions (DMRs) identified using the comb-p algorithm. Enrichment was tested for hallmark gene-sets and in genome-wide association studies of depression and antidepressant response. No epigenome-wide significant differentially methylated positions were found for treatment response or early improvement. Twenty DMRs were associated with response; the strongest in an enhancer region in SORBS2 , which has been related to cardiovascular diseases and type II diabetes. Another DMR was located in CYP2C18 , a gene previously linked to antidepressant response. Results pointed towards differential methylation in genes associated with cardiac function, neuroticism, and depression. Linking differential methylation to antidepressant treatment response is an emerging topic and represents a step towards personalized medicine, potentially facilitating the prediction of patients’ response before treatment.
Scale-Wise Convolution for Image Restoration (2020)

While scale-invariant modeling has substantially boosted the performance of visual recognition tasks, it remains largely under-explored in deep networks based image restoration. Naively applying those scale-invariant techniques (e.g., multi-scale testing, random-scale data augmentation) to image restoration tasks usually leads to inferior performance. In this paper, we show that properly modeling scale-invariance into neural networks can bring significant benefits to image restoration performance. Inspired from spatial-wise convolution for shift-invariance, “scale-wise convolution” is proposed to convolve across multiple scales for scale-invariance. In our scale-wise convolutional network (SCN), we first map the input image to the feature space and then build a feature pyramid representation via bi-linear down-scaling progressively. The feature pyramid is then passed to a residual network with scale-wise convolutions. The proposed scale-wise convolution learns to dynamically activate and aggregate features from different input scales in each residual building block, in order to exploit contextual information on multiple scales. In experiments, we compare the restoration accuracy and parameter efficiency among our model and many different variants of multi-scale neural networks. The proposed network with scale-wise convolution achieves superior performance in multiple image restoration tasks including image super-resolution, image denoising and image compression artifacts removal. Code and models are available at: https://github.com/ychfan/scn_sr.
Multi-layered Service Orchestration in a Multi-domain Network Environment (2014)

In this demo, we show a novel method to multi-layer service orchestration in a multi-domain network. This method is a basic implementation of the three layered concept with multi-layer orchestration designed by the UNIFY project. A global orchestrator is capable of instantiating service elements, i.e., virtual network functions (VNFs), in separate domains. Dedicated local orchestrators indifferent infrastructure domains are responsible for setting up new VNF instances and configuring the underlying network. Our implementation is based on the ESCAPE prototyping framework and an OpenStack (OS) data center with the OpenDaylight (ODL) controller.
An ML-Based Detector for Optical Communication in the Presence of Nonlinear Phase Noise (2011)

We present a closed-form maximum likelihood-based data detection algorithm for long-haul optical channels with dominant nonlinear phase noise induced by self-phase modulation. The closed-form detector is evaluated in terms of symbol error rate as a function of input power, and compared with other sub-optimal detectors as well as a non-parametric detector. We show that the performance of the detector deteriorates for high input power levels yielding an optimal operation region. We also provide insights into the behavior of the detector in the highly nonlinear regime.
Deep Learning for Bayesian Optimization of Scientific Problems with High-Dimensional Structure (2021)

Bayesian optimization (BO) is a popular paradigm for global optimization of expensive black-box functions, but there are many domains where the function is not completely a black-box. The data may have some known structure (e.g. symmetries) and/or the data generation process may be a composite process that yields useful intermediate or auxiliary information in addition to the value of the optimization objective. However, surrogate models traditionally employed in BO, such as Gaussian Processes (GPs), scale poorly with dataset size and do not easily accommodate known structure. Instead, we use Bayesian neural networks, a class of scalable and flexible surrogate models with inductive biases, to extend BO to complex, structured problems with high dimensionality. We demonstrate BO on a number of realistic problems in physics and chemistry, including topology optimization of photonic crystal materials using convolutional neural networks, and chemical property optimization of molecules using graph neural networks. On these complex tasks, we show that neural networks often outperform GPs as surrogate models for BO in terms of both sampling efficiency and computational cost.
Spatio-temporal profiling of Filamin A RNA-editing reveals ADAR preferences and high editing levels outside neuronal tissues (2013)

RNA editing by ADARs can change the coding potential of protein-coding mRNAs. So far, this type of RNA editing has mainly been shown to affect RNAs expressed in the nervous system with much lower editing levels being observed in other tissues. The actin crosslinking proteins filamin α and filamin β are widely expressed in most tissues. The mRNAs encoding either protein are edited at the same position leading to a conserved Q to R exchange in both proteins. Using bar-coded next generation sequencing, we show that editing of filamin α is most abundant in the gastrointestinal tract and only to a lesser extent in the nervous system. Using knockout mice, we show that ADARB1 (ADAR2) is responsible for the majority of FLNA editing, while ADAR1 can edit filamin α mRNA in some tissues quite efficiently. Interestingly, editing levels of filamin α and β do not follow the same trend across tissues, suggesting a substrate-specific regulation of editing.