gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Concentration measurement for neutralization reaction and estimation of salt production rate using near-infrared spectroscopic imaging (2019)

For design and evaluation of microfluidic applications, it is important and required to measure concentration distributions of molecules/ions during chemical reactions in microfluidic channels. This paper presents an imaging method of acid-base neutralization reactions, based on the spectral characteristics of the near-infrared absorption band of water. When the aqueous solutions of H2SO4 and NaOH flowed side by side in a microfluidic channel, the concentration distributions of H2SO4, NaOH, and Na2SO4 were measured simultaneously using three wavelengths of 1410, 1450, and 1540 nm in the ν1 + ν3 absorption band of water. The obtained images showed the consumption of H2SO4 and NaOH, and the production of Na2SO4 along the interface between the two solutions. These images enable us to determine the local consumption and production rates.
MIGRATE: Mobile Device Virtualisation Through State Transfer (2020)

Delegation of processing tasks to the network has moved from cloud-based schemes to edge computing solutions where nearby servers process requests in a timely manner. Virtualisation technologies have recently given data cloud and network providers the required flexibility to offer such on-demand resources. However, the maintenance of close computing resources presents a challenge when the served devices are on the move. In this case, if processing continuity is desired, a transference of processing resources and task state should be committed to maintain the service to end devices. The solution here presented, MIGRATE, proposes the concept of virtual mobile devices (vMDs) implemented as Virtual Functions (VxF) and acting as virtual representatives of physical processing devices. vMDs are instantiated at the edge of the access network, following a Multi-Access Edge Computing (MEC) approach, and move across different virtualisation domains. MIGRATE provides seamless and efficient transference of these software entities to follow the real location of mobile devices and continue supporting their physical counterparts. Software Defined Networks and Management and Operation functions are exploited to “migrate” vMDs to new virtualisation domains by forwarding data flows to the former domain until the new one is prepared, while a distributed data base avoids the transference of data. The solution has been deployed in a reference vehicular scenario at the Institute of Telecommunications Aveiro premises within the 5GINFIRE European project. In particular, the system has been evaluated under different virtualisation domains to study the operation of the migration approach in a vehicular monitoring scenario. The results validate the system from the application viewpoint with a Web monitoring tool, and the migration of the digital twin provided as VxF is analysed attending to the modification of data flows, indicating a seamless transition between virtualisation domains in a timely manner.
Weak hydrogen and halogen bonding in 4-[(2,2-difluoroethoxy)methyl]pyridinium iodide and 4-[(3-chloro-2,2,3,3-tetrafluoropropoxy)methyl]pyridinium iodide (2017)

To enable a comparison between a C-H...X hydrogen bond and a halogen bond, the structures of two fluorous-substituted pyridinium iodide salts have been determined. 4-[(2,2-Difluoroethoxy)methyl]pyridinium iodide, C<sub>8</sub>H<sub>10</sub>F<sub>2</sub>NO<sup>+</sup>·I<sup>-</sup>, (1), has a -CH<sub>2</sub>OCH<sub>2</sub>CF<sub>2</sub>H substituent at the para position of the pyridinium ring and 4-[(3-chloro-2,2,3,3-tetrafluoropropoxy)methyl]pyridinium iodide, C<sub>9</sub>H<sub>9</sub>ClF<sub>4</sub>NO<sup>+</sup>·I<sup>-</sup>, (2), has a -CH<sub>2</sub>OCH<sub>2</sub>CF<sub>2</sub>CF<sub>2</sub>Cl substituent at the para position of the pyridinium ring. In salt (1), the iodide anion is involved in one N-H...I and three C-H...I hydrogen bonds, which, together with C-H...F hydrogen bonds, link the cations and anions into a three-dimensional network. For salt (2), the iodide anion is involved in one N-H...I hydrogen bond, two C-H...I hydrogen bonds and one C-Cl...I halogen bond; additional C-H...F and C-F...F interactions link the cations and anions into a three-dimensional arrangement.
Enthalpically driven cyclophane-arene inclusion complexation: solvent-dependent calorimetric studies (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTEnthalpically driven cyclophane-arene inclusion complexation: solvent-dependent calorimetric studiesDavid B. Smithrud, Tara B. Wyman, and Francois DiederichCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1991, 113, 14, 5420–5426Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1991https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00014a038https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00014a038research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views912Altmetric-Citations214LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
On the masking effect (1993)

Machine learning approaches to knowledge compilation seek to improve the perfonnance of problem-solvers by storing solutions to previously solved problems in an efficient, generalized fonn. The problem-solver retrieves these learned solutions in appropriate later situations to obtain results more efficiently. However, by relying on its learned knowledge to provide a solution, the problem-solver may miss an alternative solution of higher quality - one that could have been generated using the original (non-learned) problem-solving knowledge. This phenomenon is referred to as the ITUlSking effect of learning.

In this paper, we examine a sequence of possible solutions for the masking effect. Each solution refines and builds on the previous one. The fmal solution is based on cascaded filters. When learned knowledge is retrieved, these filters alert the system about the inappropriateness of this knowledge so that the system can then derive a better alternative solution. We analyze conditions under which this solution will perfonn better than the others, and present experimental data supportivt: of the analysis. This investigation is based on a simulated robot domain called Groundworld.
Demo Abstract: The OpenChirp Low-Power Wide-Area Network and Ecosystem (2018)

In this demonstration, we present OpenChirp, an open-source Low-Power Wide-Area Networking (LPWAN) infrastructure. OpenChirp is a management framework that provides data context, storage, visualization, and access control over the web. At the physical layer of the system, we present LPRAN, a low-cost high-performance software-defined radio hardware platform that can receive signals up to -30 dB below the noise floor. Using our LPRAN hardware, it is possible to operate on raw I/Q streams in the cloud to perform collaborative tasks across multiple gateways such as jointly decoding weak signals and localization.
Common and Uncommon Pathogenic Cascades in Lysosomal Storage Diseases (2010)

Lysosomal storage diseases (LSDs), of which about 50 are known, are caused by the defective activity of lysosomal proteins, resulting in accumulation of unmetabolized substrates. As a result, a variety of pathogenic cascades are activated such as altered calcium homeostasis, oxidative stress, inflammation, altered lipid trafficking, autophagy, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and autoimmune responses. Some of these pathways are common to many LSDs, whereas others are only altered in a subset of LSDs. We now review how these cascades impact upon LSD pathology and suggest how intervention in the pathways may lead to novel therapeutic approaches.
A Review of the Recent Developments in the Fabrication Processes of CMOS Image Sensors for Smartphones (2023)

CMOS Image Sensors are experiencing significant growth due to their capabilities to be integrated in smartphones with refined image quality. One of the major contributions to the growth of image sensors is the innovation brought about in their fabrication processes. This paper presents a detailed review of the different fabrication processes of the CMOS Image Sensors and its impact on the image quality of smartphone pictures. Fabrication of CMOS image sensors using wafer bonding technologies such as Through Silicon Vias and CuCu hybrid bonding along with their experimental results are discussed. A 2 layer architecture of photodiode and pixel transistors has adopted the 3D sequential integration, by which the wafers are bonded together one after the other in the fabrication process. Electrical characteristics and reliability test results are presented for the former two fabrication processes and the improvements in the pixels performance such as conversion gain, quantum efficiency, full well capacity and dynamic range for the 2 layer architecture are discussed.
Microfluidic analysis of electrokinetic streaming potential induced by microflows of monovalent electrolyte solution (2005)

We develop a theoretical model of the electrokinetic streaming potential considering the Navier–Stokes equation coupled with the Poisson–Boltzmann equation in order to elaborate the possible applicability of the microfluidic-battery from conceptualization to system validation. The ion transport in the microchannel is described on the basis of the Nernst–Planck equation. In this study, monovalent symmetric electrolytes are considered, and the profile of fluid conductivity is derived in terms of both the concentration profile and the mobilities of anions and cations. The present simulations provide that the flow-induced streaming potential increases with increasing surface potential of microchannel wall, whereas increasing the surface conductivity reduces the streaming potential. We also present the results on the change of streaming potential with variations of the electric double layer thickness normalized by the channel radius. It is of interest to find the behavior that a lower value of ion mobility leads to the enhancement of streaming potential, which tends to develop with either increasing bulk electrolyte concentration or decreasing surface conductivity. Hence, a choice of electrolyte should be considered to obtain improved performance.
LBE: A Computational Load Balancing Algorithm for Speeding up Parallel Peptide Search in Mass-Spectrometry Based Proteomics (2019)

The most commonly employed method for peptide identification in mass-spectrometry based proteomics involves comparing experimentally obtained tandem MS/MS spectra against a set of theoretical MS/MS spectra. The theoretical MS/MS spectra data are predicted using protein sequence database. Most state-of-the-art peptide search algorithms index theoretical spectra data to quickly filter-in the relevant (similar) indexed spectra when searching an experimental MS/MS spectrum. Data filtration substantially reduces the required number of computationally expensive spectrum-to-spectrum comparison operations. However, the number of predicted (and indexed) theoretical spectra grows exponentially with increase in post-translational modifications creating a memory and I/O bottleneck. In this paper, we present a parallel algorithm, called LBE, for efficient partitioning of theoretical spectra data on a distributed-memory architecture. Our proposed algorithm first groups the similar theoretical spectra. The groups are then finely split across the system allowing machines to perform almost equal amount of work when querying a MS/MS spectrum. Our results show that the compute load imbalance using LBE based data distribution is ≤ 20% allowing speedups of order of magnitudes over existing methods. The proposed algorithm has been implemented on a compute cluster using MPI library. Experimental results for increasing index sizes are reported in terms of execution time, speedups and memory footprint. To the best of our knowledge, LBE is the first load-balancing technique for MS/MS proteomics data on memory-distributed clusters that incorporates proteomics domain knowledge for efficient load-balancing. Source code is made available at: https://github.com/pcdslab/lbdslim/tree/mpi.
Deliberate Attenuation of Chikungunya Virus by Adaptation to Heparan Sulfate-Dependent Infectivity: A Model for Rational Arboviral Vaccine Design (2014)

Mosquito-borne chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is a positive-sense, single-stranded RNA virus from the genus Alphavirus, family Togaviridae, which causes fever, rash and severe persistent polyarthralgia in humans. Since there are currently no FDA licensed vaccines or antiviral therapies for CHIKV, the development of vaccine candidates is of critical importance. Historically, live-attenuated vaccines (LAVs) for protection against arthropod-borne viruses have been created by blind cell culture passage leading to attenuation of disease, while maintaining immunogenicity. Attenuation may occur via multiple mechanisms. However, all examined arbovirus LAVs have in common the acquisition of positively charged amino acid substitutions in cell-surface attachment proteins that render virus infection partially dependent upon heparan sulfate (HS), a ubiquitously expressed sulfated polysaccharide, and appear to attenuate by retarding dissemination of virus particles in vivo. We previously reported that, like other wild-type Old World alphaviruses, CHIKV strain, La Réunion, (CHIKV-LR), does not depend upon HS for infectivity. To deliberately identify CHIKV attachment protein mutations that could be combined with other attenuating processes in a LAV candidate, we passaged CHIKV-LR on evolutionarily divergent cell-types. A panel of single amino acid substitutions was identified in the E2 glycoprotein of passaged virus populations that were predicted to increase electrostatic potential. Each of these substitutions was made in the CHIKV-LR cDNA clone and comparisons of the mutant viruses revealed surface exposure of the mutated residue on the spike and sensitivity to competition with the HS analog, heparin, to be primary correlates of attenuation in vivo. Furthermore, we have identified a mutation at E2 position 79 as a promising candidate for inclusion in a CHIKV LAV.
Fractional Condensation of Biomass Pyrolysis Vapors (2011)

In this paper, we have investigated the possibilities to steer the composition and, thus, the quality of pyrolysis liquids by the reactor temperature and the pyrolysis vapor condenser temperature. Pine wood was pyrolyzed in a 1 kg/h fluidized-bed pyrolysis reactor operated at 330 or 480 °C. The pyrolysis vapors produced were condensed using a condenser train of two counter-current spray columns arranged in series. In this paper, the temperature of the first condenser was varied between 20 and 115 °C, while the second condenser temperature was kept at 20 °C. To describe the composition of the oils, we have integrated several analytical techniques into a novel characterization scheme that can account for 77−82 wt % of the oils. The effects of the condensation conditions on fractions of light compounds in the oils can be predicted with a simple equilibrium stage condensation model. It has been observed that pyrolysis at 330 °C gives a light oil with a low amount of mid-boilers [normal boiling point (nbp) of 150−300 °C] and heavy compounds (water insolubles and mono- and oligosugars). Sugars, mid-boilers, and water-insoluble lignin-derived oligomers are more present in the oil obtained at 480 °C, while the yields of light organics are approximately the same for 330 and 480 °C. It can be concluded that fractional condensation is a promising cheap downstream approach to concentrate compounds (classes) and, thus, to control the quality of pyrolysis oils. For instance, operating the first condenser around 70−90 °C gives an aqueous liquid in the second condenser containing 40 wt % light organics, which are interesting for extraction (e.g., 10 wt % acetic acid) and supercritical water gasification to produce hydrogen. Under these conditions, the oils from the first condenser have a high content of sugars (20 wt %) and lignin-derived oligomers (40 wt %), which are attractive fractions for fermentation/sugar chemistry and gasoline production via fluidized catalytic cracking (FCC)/hydrotreatment, respectively.
Fractional flow reserve in clinical practice: from wire-based invasive measurement to image-based computation (2019)

Fractional flow reserve (FFR) and instantaneous wave-free ratio are the present standard diagnostic methods for invasive assessment of the functional significance of epicardial coronary stenosis. Despite the overall trend towards more physiology-guided revascularization, there remains a gap between guideline recommendations and the clinical adoption of functional evaluation of stenosis severity. A number of image-based approaches have been proposed to compute FFR without the use of pressure wire and induced hyperaemia. In order to better understand these emerging technologies, we sought to highlight the principles, diagnostic performance, clinical applications, practical aspects, and current challenges of computational physiology in the catheterization laboratory. Computational FFR has the potential to expand and facilitate the use of physiology for diagnosis, procedural guidance, and evaluation of therapies, with anticipated impact on resource utilization and patient outcomes.
A photonic front-end processor in a WDM ATM multicast switch (2000)

Dense wavelength-division multiplexing (DWDM) technology has provided tremendous transmission capacity in optical fiber communications. However, switching and routing capacity is still far behind transmission capacity. This is because most of today's packet switches and routers are implemented using electronic technologies. Optical packet switches are the potential candidate to boost switching capacity to be comparable with transmission capacity. In this paper, we present a photonic asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) front-end processor that has been implemented and is to be used in an optically transparent WDM ATM multicast (3M) switch. We have successfully demonstrate the front-end processor in two different experiments. One performs cell delineation based on ITU standards and overwrites VCI/VPI optically at 2.5 Gb/s. The other performs cell synchronization, where cells from different input ports running at 2.5 Gb/s are phase-aligned in the optical domain before they are routed in the switch fabric. The resolution of alignment is achieved to the extent of 100 ps (or 1/4 bit). An integrated 1/spl times/2 Y-junction semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA) switch has been developed to facilitate the cell synchronizer.
Abnormal Low Ratio of Cholic Acid to Chenodeoxycholic Acid in a Cholestatic Infant with Severe Hypoglycemia (1991)

We report a premature infant with severe hypoglycemia (serum glucose: 6 mg/dl) and cholestasis (serum total bile acids: 211.55 mumol/L) caused by hypoplasia of the interlobular bile ducts. This patient had developed intracranial hemorrhage and sepsis while undergoing treatment for hypoglycemia. As a result of endocrine evaluation, we made a diagnosis of idiopathic panhypopituitarism, congenital absence or hypoplasia of the pituitary gland. Moreover, we found abnormal bile acid profiles: The ratio of cholic acid to chenodeoxycholic acid was abnormally low in serum (0.04) and in biliary bile (0.33). However, 3 alpha,7 alpha,12 alpha-trihydroxy-5 beta-cholestan-26-oic acid and bile alcohols were not detected. We therefore suspected that the severe cholestasis and abnormal bile acid profiles in the serum and biliary bile in this patient were related to physiologic immaturity of the enterohepatic circulation of bile acids and immaturity of hepatic 12 alpha-hydroxylation.
Impedance Threshold Device Combined With High-Quality Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Improves Survival With Favorable Neurological Function After Witnessed Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest (2016)

An active ITD combined with adequate-quality conventional CPR has the potential to significantly improve survival after witnessed cardiac arrest. (Circ J 2016; 80: 2124-2132).
A 10 b 10 MHz triple-stage Bi-CMOS A/D converter (1990)

The 10-b, 10 MHz BiCMOS A/D (analog-to-digital) converter with a triple-stage conversion scheme, combined with two novel conversion schemes, the dynamic sliding reference method and the triangular interpolation method, has been developed. This novel conversion scheme and BiCMOS circuit technology reduce element counts of bipolar transistors to only 2000. A small active area of 2.5×2.7 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2 </sup> and a low power dissipation of 350 mW with an acceptable SNR (signal-to-noise ratio) of 54 dB including internal sample/hold and reference voltage circuit have been achieved
Analyse de la composition de tanins oenologiques (2004)

Dans le cadre du groupe national de travail constitue pour l'etude des tanins œnologiques (5), l'analyse de la composition des tanins oenologiques, utilises dans les differentes experimentations visant a mieux cerner leurs proprietes technologiques, a ete entreprise. Les echantillons de produits commerciaux choisis par le groupe de travail ont ete analyses avec les methodes disponibles au sein de l'UMR Sciences pour l'Œnologie. Les recherches analytiques ont porte sur les structures chimiques relatives aux divers tanins susceptibles d'etre presents dans les echantillons analyses. Devant la faible representativite de tanins a structures connues dans certains produits, un complement analytique sur le contenu en polysaccharides a ete entrepris. L'analyse en tanins des differents echantillons a ete renouvelee a un an d'intervalle (2000 et 2001); en raison des tres faibles differences analytiques constatees, le present compte rendu ne fera etat que d'une seule serie de resultats. Les soins usuels de conservation permettent donc de preserver, a court terme au moins, l'integrite des produits mis sur le marche pour les besoins de l'œnologie. Les echantillons de tanins mis a disposition sont repertories par des codes qui font reference a l'origine connue des produits: tanins oenologiques extraits de pepins (echantillon PEP), de pellicules (echantillon PEL), de noix de galle (echantillon CAL), de quebracho (echantillon QUE), de chene (echantillon CHE) et de châtaignier (echantillon CHA).