gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Financial Services Regulation course (2018)

The aim of this intensive one day course is to keep you up to date with the breaking news and issues in Financial Services regulation.
Partial nephrogenic diabetes insipidus caused by a novel mutation in the AVPR2 gene (2007)

The affected members of this Belgian kindred have CNDI with partial resistance to AVP caused by a mutation in the AVPR2 gene that differs from any of the six mutations reported previously to produce this phenotype. Because the resistance to AVP is partial, this form of CNDI can be difficult to distinguish by indirect diagnostic tests from partial pituitary and dipsogenic DI.
The reaction of monoclonal antibodies with hordeins from five different Hordeum species (2008)

Hordeins from H. vulgare, H. murinum, H. pusillum, H. bulbosum, and H. brevisubulatum were probed with five monoclonal antibodies raised against different hordein polypeptides from Hordeum vulgare cv. ‘Bomi’. The response pattern differed widely among species. One of the antibodies, CMpBChorl, was found to react with hordein from every tested species, and all of the antibodies reacted with at least one of the wild barley species. Antibodies reacting with many different hordein polypeptides in ‘Bomi’ showed a wide reaction also with other species, while more specific antibodies gave limited reactions outside of domesticated barley. In some cases hordein polypeptides reacting with a specific antibody differed in electrophoretic mobility between species, indicating that the hordein genes involved have undergone concerted evolution.
Multicenter Clinical Validation of the Molecular BD Max Enteric Viral Panel for Detection of Enteric Pathogens (2019)

The conventional methodology for gastrointestinal pathogen detection remains time-consuming, expensive, and of limited sensitivity. The objective of this study was to evaluate the performance of the BD Max enteric viral panel (Max EVP) assay for identification of viral pathogens in stool specimens from individuals with symptoms of acute gastroenteritis, enteritis, or colitis. Prospective and archival stool specimens from adult and pediatric patients with diarrhea were collected in Cary-Blair medium or unpreserved containers. The results for specimens tested by the Max EVP (on the BD Max platform) were compared to those obtained by the reference method (alternate PCR assays, followed by bidirectional sequencing). Positive percent agreement (PPA) and negative percent agreement (NPA) were calculated. A total of 2,239 specimens were collected, with 2,148 being included for analysis. In this population, 39.6% of specimens were from outpatients, 42.1% were from patients <21 years old, and 49.7% were from females. Prevalence rates for prospective specimens were 7.3%, 4.5%, 3.5%, 2.4%, and 1.2% for norovirus, sapovirus, astrovirus, rotavirus, and adenovirus, respectively. PPA was 92.8%, 84.9%, 93.0%, 100%, and 95.6%, for norovirus, sapovirus, astrovirus, rotavirus, and adenovirus, respectively. NPA was ≥99.4% for all targets. In conjunction with the clinical presentation, laboratory findings, and epidemiological information, the Max EVP assay is effective for the differential diagnosis of enteric disease caused by norovirus, sapovirus, astrovirus, rotavirus, and adenovirus. This assay can be used individually for patients at high risk for a viral enteropathogen (e.g., in outbreak settings) or as an adjunct to other enteric bacterial panels.
Intragenic deletions and a deep intronic mutation affecting pre-mRNA splicing in the dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase gene as novel mechanisms causing 5-fluorouracil toxicity (2010)

Dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) is the initial enzyme acting in the catabolism of the widely used antineoplastic agent 5-fluorouracil (5FU). DPD deficiency is known to cause a potentially lethal toxicity following administration of 5FU. Here, we report novel genetic mechanisms underlying DPD deficiency in patients presenting with grade III/IV 5FU-associated toxicity. In one patient a genomic DPYD deletion of exons 21-23 was observed. In five patients a deep intronic mutation c.1129-5923C>G was identified creating a cryptic splice donor site. As a consequence, a 44 bp fragment corresponding to nucleotides c.1129-5967 to c.1129-5924 of intron 10 was inserted in the mature DPD mRNA. The deleterious c.1129-5923C>G mutation proved to be in cis with three intronic polymorphisms (c.483 + 18G>A, c.959-51T>G, c.680 + 139G>A) and the synonymous mutation c.1236G>A of a previously identified haplotype. Retrospective analysis of 203 cancer patients showed that the c.1129-5923C>G mutation was significantly enriched in patients with severe 5FU-associated toxicity (9.1%) compared to patients without toxicity (2.2%). In addition, a high prevalence was observed for the c.1129-5923C>G mutation in the normal Dutch (2.6%) and German (3.3%) population. Our study demonstrates that a genomic deletion affecting DPYD and a deep intronic mutation affecting pre-mRNA splicing can cause severe 5FU-associated toxicity. We conclude that screening for DPD deficiency should include a search for genomic rearrangements and aberrant splicing.
l-Carnitine counteracts in vitro fructose-induced hepatic steatosis through targeting oxidative stress markers (2019)

Our data seemed to show that LC attenuate fructose-mediated lipid accumulation through AMPK activation. Moreover, LC counteracts mitochondrial damages and reactive oxygen species production restoring antioxidant cellular machine. These findings provide new insights into LC role as an AMPK activator and anti-oxidative molecule in NAFLD.
Treatment of Urinary Stress Incontinence with Anterior Colporrhaphy (1982)

The results of treating 105 patients with urinary stress incontinence using anterior colporrhaphy have been reviewed. When polyglycolic suture material and a suprapubic catheter were used, the cure rate was 90.9%, which is comparable to other procedures that are associated with greater morbidity. the problem of comparing the results of one procedure with those of another and results from one center with those of another is discussed. The authors maintain that the surgical objective in treating urinary stress incontinence is to create differentially better support to the urethra, or to a portion of the urethra, so that a mechanical kinking effect can occur synchronously with stress in the urethra to offset pressure increase in the bladder, thereby maintaining urinary continence.
Introduction to VLSI Circuits and Systems (2001)

The CD has two versions of the SPICE simulator (AIM-SPICE and MicroCap6), and
a Verilog simulation environment (Silos III). The disk also has a short 
presentation entitled Stick Diagrams in .pdf format that supplements the
text discussion. A copy of Adobe Acrobat Reader 4.0 has been included to
read the .pdf file. Basic loading instructions for each program are provided below. All of the
programs must be installed on a hard drive to run. The author has tested the
programs on a 400 MHz Windows 98 machine with standard graphics and 128 MB 
RAM with excellent results, but the programs seem to run well on lesser systems.
Use of engineered proteins with internal tryptophan reporter groups and perturbation techniques to probe the mechanism of ligand-protein interactions: investigation of the mechanism of calcium binding to calmodulin (1992)

Stopped-flow kinetic and fluorescence spectroscopic analyses, including solvent and temperature perturbations, of five isofunctional structural mutants of calmodulin indicate that calcium binding to calmodulin follows the order site III, site IV, site I, site II, with dissociation occurring in the reverse order. Each of the isofunctional structural mutants contains a single tryptophan residue, introduced by site-specific mutagenesis, as an internal spectroscopic reporter group that was used as a probe of local conformational change. Calcium binding was studied by using flow dialysis or by using fluorescence spectroscopy and monitoring the change in the single tryptophan residue in each calcium-binding site. Calcium removal was examined by using EDTA and monitoring tryptophan fluorescence or by using Quin 2 and monitoring the change in the chromophoric chelator. Computational analysis of the data suggests a rate-limiting step for dissociation between calcium removal from sites I/II and sites III/IV. Unexpected results with the site IV isofunctional mutant (Q135W-CaM) indicated cross-talk between the amino and carboxyl terminal halves of CaM during the calcium-binding mechanism. Studies with ethylene glycol provided empirical data that suggest the functional importance of the electrostatic potential of CaM, or the molarity of water, in the calcium-binding process. Altogether, the data allowed a kinetic extension of the sequential, cooperative model for calcium binding to calmodulin and provided values for additional parameters in the model of calcium binding to CaM, a prototypical member of the family of proteins required for calcium signal transduction in eukaryotic cells.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Surface enhanced Raman imaging of a patterned self-assembled monolayer formed by microcontact printing on a silver film (1996)

The surface enhanced Raman scattering effect was used in conjunction with a micro-Raman system to produce an image of a pattern, on an evaporated silver surface, formed by microcontact printing of p-nitrothiophenol (PNTP). This surface is characterized by roughness on the scale of 50–100 nm. It was confirmed that this type of printing technique forms a self-assembled monolayer with PNTP. Even without roughening of the silver surface, the surface enhancement provided a high contrast image. The resolution of the resulting image was approximately 1 μm.
Charge retention in metal–oxide–semiconductor capacitors on SiC used as nonvolatile-memory elements (2002)

In this letter, the possibility of using metal–oxide–semiconductor capacitors on SiC as nonvolatile random-access memory elements has been experimentally investigated. Because of the wide energy gap and the very low minority-carrier generation rate in SiC, it should be possible to achieve very long retention times. The investigations show that charge leakage through the gate oxide may prevent the use of SiC metal–oxide–semiconductor (MOS) capacitors as memory elements. Importantly, the experiments demonstrate that both the charge leakage and carrier-generation rate are low in the case of nitrided SiO2–SiC interfaces. The retention time extrapolated to room temperature is in the order of 109 years for the case of MOS capacitors on 4H–SiC, which is approximately equal to the theoretical limit.
Meniscopexy (anterior horn transfer) for discoid lateral menisci (2010)

Lateral discoid meniscus is a cause of snapping, locking and pain in the knees of children and adolescents. Traditional treatment for symptomatic discoid meniscus is excision (partial or total); the consequences of which are early onset degenerative changes. 1 Meniscopexy has been developed to conserve meniscal tissue rather than excise a symptomatic discoid meniscus.
Speech recognition in a special case of low-frequency hearing loss (1984)

Recognition of speech stimuli consisting of monosyllabic words, sentences, and nonsense syllables was tested in normal subjects and in a subject with a low-frequency sensorineural hearing loss characterized by an absence of functioning sensory units in the apical region of the cochlea, as determined in a previous experiment [C. W. Turner, E. M. Burns, and D. A. Nelson, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 73, 966-975 (1983)]. Performance of all subjects was close to 100% correct for all stimuli presented unfiltered at a moderate intensity level. When stimuli were low-pass filtered, performance of the hearing-impaired subject fell below that of the normals, but was still considerably above chance. A further diminution in the impaired subject's recognition of nonsense syllables resulted from the addition of a high-pass masking noise, indicating that his performance in the filtered quiet condition was attributable in large part to the contribution of sensory units in basal and midcochlear regions. Normals' performance was also somewhat decreased by the masker, suggesting that they also may have been extracting some low-frequency speech cues from responses of sensory units located in the base of the cochlea.
Lower-Limb Robotic Rehabilitation: Literature Review and Challenges (2011)

This paper presents a survey of existing robotic systems for lower-limb rehabilitation. It is a general assumption that robotics will play an important role in therapy activities within rehabilitation treatment. In the last decade, the interest in the field has grown exponentially mainly due to the initial success of the early systems and the growing demand caused by increasing numbers of stroke patients and their associate rehabilitation costs. As a result, robot therapy systems have been developed worldwide for training of both the upper and lower extremities. This work reviews all current robotic systems to date for lower-limb rehabilitation, as well as main clinical tests performed with them, with the aim of showing a clear starting point in the field. It also remarks some challenges that current systems still have to meet in order to obtain a broad clinical and market acceptance.
Mutual Information Functions of Differential Pressure Fluctuations in Spouted Beds (2004)

The objective of this paper is to determine whether the flow regimes in spouted beds can be recognized by the mutual information function of pressure fluctuation signals. Differential pressure fluctuation time series were obtained in a gas spouted bed of 0.12-m i.d. at different axial and radial positions, with glass beads and silica gel particles. It was found that the packed bed has a low level and fast decay rate of mutual information, suggesting a quite random signal. Unstable spouting exhibits a high level of mutual information and strong periodic motion. While for a stable spouting regime, the level of mutual information and the decay rate around time zero are between those for the packed bed and unstable spouting regimes. The mutual information function for signals measured on the wall has higher predictabilities compared to those measured inside the bed. The determination of optimum time delay by the aid of the first minimum of the mutual information function was discussed. It has been found that the first minimum of the mutual information function can be used as the optimum time delay if it does exist. In the case that no first minimum exists in the mutual information function, the suggestion of Daw and Halow (Daw, C. S.; Halow, J. S. AIChE Symp. Ser. 1993, 89, 103−122) that 10−50% of the maximum value of the mutual information resulted in too small a time delay. An appropriate time delay can be determined by comparing the similarity between phase space trajectories and pseudo phase space trajectories.
Influenza-Activated ILC1s Contribute to Antiviral Immunity Partially Influenced by Differential GITR Expression (2018)

Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) represent diversified subsets of effector cells as well as immune regulators of mucosal immunity and are classified into group 1 ILCs, group 2 ILCs, and group 3 ILCs. Group 1 ILCs encompass natural killer (NK) cells and non-NK ILCs (ILC1s) and mediate their functionality <i>via</i> the rapid production of IFN-γ and TNF-α. The current knowledge of ILC1s mainly associates them to inflammatory processes. Much less is known about their regulation during infection and their capacity to interact with cells of the adaptive immune system. The present study dissected the role of ILC1s during early influenza A virus infection, thereby revealing their impact on the antiviral response. Exploiting <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i> H1N1 infection systems, a cross-talk of ILC1s with cells of the innate and the adaptive immunity was demonstrated, which contributes to anti-influenza immunity. A novel association of ILC1 functionality and the expression of the glucocorticoid-induced TNFR-related protein (GITR) was observed, which hints toward a so far undescribed role of GITR in regulating ILC1 responsiveness. Overexpression of GITR inhibits IFN-γ production by ILC1s, whereas partial reduction of GITR expression can reverse this effect, thereby regulating ILC1 functionality. These new insights into ILC1 biology define potential intervention targets to modulate the functional properties of ILC1s, thus contributing toward the development of new immune interventions against influenza.
Copolymerization propagation kinetics of styrene with alkyl acrylates (1991)

Abstract Propagation rate constants have been determined at two temperatures (298 K and 323 K) for the copolymerizations of styrene (STY) with methyl acrylate (MA) and STY with n ‐butyl acrylate (BA) over a range of monomer feed compositions. A pulsed UV laser was used as an initiation source and gel permeation chromatography (GPC) was utilized to analyse the products. None of the copolymerizations conformed to the Mayo‐Lewis model, with respect to their propagation rate constants. The results were interpreted on the basis of a penultimate effect on the propagation reaction. In addition, Mark‐Houwink constants were determined for poly(MA) and poly(BA) in tetrahydrofuran (THF) at 298 K. These constants are given as [ K (dm 3 kg −1 ),α]: 7·88 × 10 −3 , 0·885 and 8·57 × 10 3 , 0·865 for poly(MA) and poly(BA) respectively.
An investigation into non-smooth locomotion (2003)

We analyze a class of mechanisms that locomote by switching between constraints. Because of the hybrid nature of such systems, most of the existing analysis tools, developed primarily for smooth systems, can not be directly applied. Our aim is to exploit the special structure provided by Lagrangian mechanics to study the controllability of this class of mechanisms. We base the analysis on a series representation of the evolution of the system. Our main result is a description of trajectories involving switches between constraints at nonzero velocity (impacts) in the presence of large inertial forces (drift). The analysis provides a basis for local motion planning. The results are applied to an example of a two-link planar mechanism that can locomote by clamping one of the links.
Structure–Sweetness Relationship in Egg White Lysozyme: Role of Lysine and Arginine Residues on the Elicitation of Lysozyme Sweetness (2005)

Lysozyme is one of the sweet-tasting proteins. To clarify the structure-sweetness relationship and the basicity-sweetness relationship in lysozyme, we have generated lysozyme mutants with Pichia systems. Alanine substitution of lysine residues demonstrated that two out of six lysine residues, Lys13 and Lys96, are required for lysozyme sweetness, while the remaining four lysine residues do not play a significant role in the perception of sweetness. Arginine substitution of lysine residues revealed that the basicity, but not the shape, of the side chain plays a significant role in sweetness. Single alanine substitutions of arginine residues showed that three arginine residues, Arg14, Arg21, and Arg73, play significant roles in lysozyme sweetness, whereas Arg45, Arg68, Arg125 and chemical modification by 1,2-cyclohexanedione did not affect sweetness. From investigation of the charge-specific mutations, we found that the basicity of a broad surface region formed by five positively charged residues, Lys13, Lys96, Arg14, Arg21, and Arg73, is required for lysozyme sweetness. Differences in the threshold values among sweet-tasting proteins might be caused by the broadness and/or the density of charged residues on the protein surface.
N-Trifluoromethanesulfonyl-N′-phenacylhydrazine (2001)

(R = Ph) [41804-90-4] C8H7F3N2O3S (MW 268.24) InChI = 1S/C8H7F3N2O3S/c9-8(10,11)17(15,16)13-12-7(14)6-4-2-1-3-5-6/h1-5,13H,(H,12,14) InChIKey = UVVZSNRFIRXEDE-UHFFFAOYSA-N (R = t-BuO) [56572-25-9] C6H11F3N2O4S (MW 264.26) InChI = 1S/C6H11F3N2O4S/c1-5(2,3)15-4(12)10-11-16(13,14)6(7,8)9/h11H,1-3H3,(H,10,12) InChIKey = MPQHFBCCPHDSBQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N (conversion of alkyl halides to hydrazones of aldehydes and ketones)1 Alternate Name: N-triflyl-N′-phenacylhydrazine. Physical Data: R = Ph, mp 156–158 °C. R = t-BuO, mp 92–94 °C. Solubility: insol H2O; sol common organic solvents. Preparative Methods: triflation of the commercial acylhydrazines with Trifluoromethanesulfonic Anhydride and Triethylamine in CH2Cl2. Handling, Storage, and Precautions: both are stable solids with no known toxicity, but the t-butyl derivative may decompose on long standing at rt and decomposes on mild heating.
Fight detection in surveillance videos (2013)

Fight detection is an important topic for surveillance systems. However, there has been little success in creating an algorithm that can detect fight in surveillance videos with high performance. In this work, we propose a new method for the task of fight detection in surveillance videos. The proposed method relies on a novel motion feature, namely Motion Co-Occurrence Feature (MCF). Firstly, motion vectors are extracted by using block matching algorithm. Secondly, direction and magnitude values of motion vectors are quantized separately. Afterwards, direction and magnitude based MCF is calculated by considering both current and past motion vectors. Experimental results obtained using k-Nearest Neighbor classifier showed that the proposed algorithm can discriminate fight scenes with significantly high accuracy.
Biosynthese von mehrfach ungesättigten Fettsäuren durch Polyketid-Synthasen (2002)

Psychrophile marine Bakterien können mehrfach ungesättigte Fettsäuren (PUFAs; siehe Schema) produzieren. Bis vor kurzem meinte man, dass PUFAs ausschließlich von Eukaryonten mithilfe von sauerstoffabhängigen Desaturasen gebildet werden. Die funktionelle Analyse eines PUFA-Biosynthese-Genclusters aus Shewanella sp., Stamm SCRC2738, weist überraschenderweise auf einen einzigartigen gemischten Biosyntheseweg mit einer Polyketid-Synthase hin.