gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
On Delay Performance Gains From Network Coding (2006)

This paper analyzes the gains in delay performance resulting from network coding. We consider a model of file transmission to multiple receivers from a single base station. Using this model, we show that gains in delay performance from network coding with or without channel side information can be substantial compared to conventional scheduling methods for downlink transmission.
Synthesis and Insecticidal Activities of Novel Pyrazole Oxime Ethers Carrying 1,3,4-Oxadiazole Unit (2020)

a a a * ,a ( a 226019) ( b 226005) , , 4- 1,3,4-, 15 , 1 H NMR 13 C NMR. , 500 100 g/mL (Oriental armyworm)(Aphis medicaginis)
Secondary Marine Aerosol Plays a Dominant Role over Primary Sea Spray Aerosol in Cloud Formation (2020)

Marine aerosols play a critical role in impacting our climate by seeding clouds over the oceans. Despite decades of research, key questions remain regarding how ocean biological activity changes the composition and cloud-forming ability of marine aerosols. This uncertainty largely stems from an inability to independently determine the cloud-forming potential of primary versus secondary marine aerosols in complex marine environments. Here, we present results from a unique 6-day mesocosm experiment where we isolated and studied the cloud-forming potential of primary and secondary marine aerosols over the course of a phytoplankton bloom. The results from this controlled laboratory approach can finally explain the long-observed changes in the hygroscopic properties of marine aerosols observed in previous field studies. We find that secondary marine aerosols, consisting of sulfate, ammonium, and organic species, correlate with phytoplankton biomass (i.e., chlorophyll-a concentrations), whereas primary sea spray aerosol does not. Importantly, the measured CCN activity (κ<sub>app</sub> = 0.59 ± 0.04) of the resulting secondary marine aerosol matches the values observed in previous field studies, suggesting secondary marine aerosols play the dominant role in affecting marine cloud properties. Given these findings, future studies must address the physical, chemical, and biological factors controlling the emissions of volatile organic compounds that form secondary marine aerosol, with the goal of improving model predictions of ocean biology on atmospheric chemistry, clouds, and climate.
Lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 levels, endothelial dysfunction and arterial stiffness in patients with stable coronary artery disease (2021)

Elevated Lp-PLA2 levels relate to endothelial dysfunction and arterial stiffness in patients with stable CAD independently from classical risk factors for CAD, statin use, antihypertensive treatment, and duration of the disease.
No effect of bone morphogenetic protein‐7 (OP‐1) on the incorporation of impacted bone grafts in a realistic acetabular model (2007)

Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) accelerate bone repair in experimental and clinical conditions. Impacted Morsellized Cancellous Bone grafts (MCB) are successfully used to reconstruct bone defects after failed hip implants. The main question in this study was if BMP-7 (OP-1) mixed with MCB could accelerate the incorporation of MCB and prevents the formation of a soft tissue interface after remodeling of the MCB. A large loaded defect in the acetabulum of goats was reconstructed with a wire mesh and with MCB or MCB mixed with OP-1. After 6 weeks, no differences were found in the revascularization process, in the number of osteoclasts resorbing the MCB, and in the thickness and appearance of the fibrous interface between MCB with or without OP-1. After 6 weeks, enchondral bone had formed in the bone graft layer and on the periosteal anterior and superior rim in the OP-1 group only. More periosteal bone and more bone in the holes of the mesh had been formed in most OP-1 goats. Most MCB was replaced by new lamellar bone after 15 weeks in both groups. We speculate that during or directly after impaction most of the OP-1 is released from the carrier inducing an early effect outside the reconstructive layer at the periosteal side of the acetabulum. Probably most OP-1 has left the reconstruction by the time new vessels and progenitors reached the bone graft. These results do not support the use of OP-1 in impaction bone grafting in patients.
Influence of blood meal organic fertilizer on soil organic matter: A laboratory study (1997)

Abstract Blood meal is an organic nitrogen (N) fertilizer containing about 10–13% organic N. The fertilizer is mainly composed of hemoglobin which is characterized by the presence of a prosthetic group containing iron (Fe). Knowledge about the influence of blood meal on soil organic matter and soil fertility is now limited. In this work, blood meal was incubated in the soil for one year and the evolution of the organic matter was followed at time intervals by use of isoelectric focusing (IEF) and humification parameters. The mineralization of the total N and the availability of some mineral nutrients (Fe in particular) were also followed. The results show that only a part (about 75%) of the organic carbon (C) and of the organic N mineralized and that the remaining C was transformed into humified compounds. The availability of the Fe increased during the incubation, probably due to the progressive degradation of the prosthetic group and the successive chelation of the Fe from the humic substances.
lOkV 4H-SiC PiN Diodes Designed for Improved Switching Performance using Emitter Injection Control (2007)

The switching versus forward conduction performance tradeoffs of 10 kV 4H-SiC PiN diodes are optimized using emitter injection control. Experimental results show superior switching performance with up to a 40% reduction in critical recovery parameters such as Q <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">rr</sub> and J <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">RP</sub> , while simulations indicate a better performance tradeoff than conventional PiN diodes in the presence of sufficiently long drift layer lifetime.
HRS/EHRA/ECAS Expert Consensus Statement on Catheter and Surgical Ablation of Atrial Fibrillation: Recommendations for Personnel, Policy, Procedures and Follow-Up: A report of the Heart Rhythm Society (HRS) Task Force on Catheter and Surgical Ablation of Atrial Fibrillation Developed in partnership with the European Heart Rhythm Association (EHRA) and the European Cardiac Arrhythmia Society (ECAS); in collaboration with the American College of Cardiology (ACC), American Heart Association (AHA), and the Society of Thoracic Surgeons (STS). Endorsed and Approved by the governing bodies of the American College of Cardiology, the American Heart Association, the European Cardiac Arrhythmia Society, the European Heart Rhythm Association, the Society of Thoracic Surgeons, and the Heart Rhythm Society. (2007)

During the past decade, catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation (AF) has evolved rapidly from a highly experimental unproven procedure, to its current status as a commonly performed ablation procedure in many major hospitals throughout the world. Surgical ablation of AF, using either standard or minimally invasive techniques, is also performed in many major hospitals throughout the world. The purpose of this Consensus Statement is to provide a state-of-the-art review of the field of catheter and surgical ablation of AF, and to report the findings of a Task Force, convened by the Heart Rhythm Society and charged with defining the indications, techniques, and outcomes of this procedure. The Heart Rhythm Society was pleased to develop this Consensus Statement in partnership with the European Heart Rhythm Association and the European Cardiac Arrhythmia Society. This statement summarizes the opinion of the Task Force members based on their own experience in treating patients, as well as a review of the literature, and is directed to all health care professionals who are involved in the care of patients with AF, particularly those who are undergoing or are being considered for catheter or surgical ablation procedures for AF. This statement is not intended to recommend or promote catheter ablation of AF. Rather the ultimate judgment regarding care of a particular patient must be made by the health care provider and patient in light of all the circumstances presented by that patient. In writing a "consensus" document, it is recognized that consensus does not mean that there was complete agreement among all Task Force members. We attempted to identify those aspects of AF ablation for which a true "consensus" could be identified ( Tables 1 and 2 ). Surveys of the entire Task Force were used to identify these areas of consensus. The main objective of this document is …
On Maximal Rewards and $|varepsilon$-Optimal Policies in Continuous Time Markov Decision Chains (1974)

For continuous time Markov decision chains of finite duration, we show that the vector of maximal total rewards, less a linear average-return term, converges as the duration $t \rightarrow \infty$. We then show that there are policies which are both simultaneously $\varepsilon$-optimal for all durations $t$ and are stationary except possibly for a final, finite segment. Further, the length of this final segment depends on $\varepsilon$, but not on $t$ for large enough $t$, while the initial stationary part of the policy is independent of both $\varepsilon$ and $t$.
Stochastic Spectral Method for Radar-Based Probabilistic Precipitation Nowcasting (2019)

Abstract Nowcasts (short-term forecasts) of heavy rainfall causing flash floods are highly valuable in densely populated urban areas. In the Collaborative Adaptive Sensing of the Atmosphere (CASA) project, a high-resolution X-band radar network was deployed in the Dallas–Fort Worth (DFW) metroplex. The Dynamic and Adaptive Radar Tracking of Storms (DARTS) method was developed as a part of the CASA nowcasting system. In this method, the advection field is determined in the spectral domain using the discrete Fourier transform. DARTS was recently extended to include a filtering scheme for suppressing small-scale precipitation features that have low predictability. Building on the earlier work, Stochastic DARTS (S-DARTS), a probabilistic extension of DARTS, is developed and tested using the CASA DFW radar network. In this method, the nowcasts are stochastically perturbed in order to simulate uncertainties. Two novel features are introduced in S-DARTS. First, the scale filtering and perturbation based on an autoregressive model are done in the spectral domain in order to achieve high computational efficiency. Second, this methodology is extended to modeling the temporal evolution of the advection field. The performance and forecast skill of S-DARTS are evaluated with different precipitation intensity thresholds and ensemble sizes. It is shown that S-DARTS can produce reliable probabilistic nowcasts in the CASA DFW domain with 250-m spatial resolution up to 45 min for lower precipitation intensities (below 2 mm h −1 ). For higher intensities (above 5 mm h −1 ), adequate skill can be obtained up to 15 min.
How Scholarship Programs Impact Students and the Culture of Law School (2011)

Law schools design their scholarship assistance programs in a variety of ways depending upon the mix of students they would like to attract.1 This article focuses on one specific aspect of scholarship programs—“renewability.” With respect to renewability, law school scholarship programs generally fall into two broad categories.2 First, there is the “competitive” category in which students receiving scholarship assistance as first-year students will retain their scholarships only if they perform to a certain level, e.g., in the top one-quarter or top one-third of the first-year class. Second, there is the “non-competitive”
Combinatorial Solid Phase Peptide Synthesis and Bioassays (2005)

Solid phase peptide synthesis method, which was introduced by Merrifield in 1963, has spawned the concept of combinatorial chemistry. In this review, we summarize the present technologies of solid phase peptide synthesis (SPPS) that are related to combinatorial chemistry. The conventional methods of peptide library synthesis on polymer support are parallel synthesis, split and mix synthesis and reagent mixture synthesis. Combining surface chemistry with the recent technology of microelectronic semiconductor fabrication system, the peptide microarray synthesis methods on a planar solid support are developed, which leads to spatially addressable peptide library. There are two kinds of peptide microarray synthesis methodologies: pre-synthesized peptide immobilization onto a glass or membrane substrate and in situ peptide synthesis by a photolithography or the SPOT method. This review also discusses the application of peptide libraries for high-throughput bioassays, for example, peptide ligand screening for antibody or cell signaling, enzyme substrate and inhibitor screening as well as other applications.
Extraction of challenging intracoronary thrombi: multi-device strategies using guide catheters, distal vascular protection devices and aspiration catheters. (2008)

Patients with large intracoronary thrombi represent a difficult management problem for the interventional cardiologist. We report 10 cases of challenging thrombi treated percutaneously using varying combinations of deep guide catheter engagement, guide aspiration, dedicated catheter aspiration and withdrawal of a distal filter vascular protection device. These cases demonstrate interventional options which may be considered for such patients.
MCP-1 and MIP3-alpha serum levels in acute liver failure and molecular adsorbent recirculating system (MARS) treatment: A pilot study (2009)

The CC chemokines MCP-1 and MIP3-alpha are increased in ALF and ACLF patients. MARS had no effect on MCP-1 and MIP3-alpha serum concentrations in patients with ALF and ACLF, and yielded no evidence of any harmful effects of the increase of these potentially hepatocidal chemokines.
Rapid Analysis of Antibody Self-Association in Complex Mixtures Using Immunogold Conjugates (2013)

A key challenge in developing therapeutic antibodies is their highly variable propensities to self-associate at high antibody concentrations (>50 mg/mL) required for subcutaneous delivery. Identification of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) in the initial discovery process that not only have high binding affinity but also have high solubility and low viscosity would simplify the development of safe and effective antibody therapeutics. Unfortunately, the low purities, small quantities and large numbers of antibody candidates during the early discovery process are incompatible with current methods of measuring antibody self-association. We report a method (affinity-capture self-interaction nanoparticle spectroscopy, AC-SINS) capable of identifying mAbs with low self-association propensity that is robust even at low mAb concentrations (5–50 μg/mL) and in the presence of cell culture media. Gold nanoparticles are coated with polyclonal antibodies specific for human antibodies, and then human mAbs are captured from dilute antibody solutions. We find that the wavelength of maximum absorbance (plasmon wavelength) of antibody–gold conjugates—which red-shifts as the distance between particles is reduced due to attractive mAb self-interactions—is well correlated with light scattering measurements conducted at several orders of magnitude higher antibody concentrations. The generality of AC-SINS makes it well suited for use in diverse settings ranging from antibody discovery to formulation development.
Description and partial characterization of a new chlamydia-like microorganism (1993)

A new obligate intracellular bacterium which we called 'Z' was isolated as a cell culture contaminant of unknown origin. The organism grew in a variety of cultured cells with a 5-7-day developmental cycle, within cytoplasmic phagosomes, similarly to Chlamydia and some Rickettsia spp. Two alternating developmental forms (elementary bodies and reticulate bodies) were observed by electron microscopy. SDS-PAGE electrophoresis, immunoblotting with chlamydia-specific antibodies, and polymerase chain reaction using chlamydial genus specific primers provided evidence that our bacterium differs significantly from chlamydiae. Further characterization of 'Z' including determination of 16S ribosomal RNA sequences will allow its taxonomic position to be established.
E-Cadherin Represses Anchorage-Independent Growth in Sarcomas through Both Signaling and Mechanical Mechanisms (2019)

CDH1 (also known as E-cadherin), an epithelial-specific cell-cell adhesion molecule, plays multiple roles in maintaining adherens junctions, regulating migration and invasion, and mediating intracellular signaling. Downregulation of E-cadherin is a hallmark of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and correlates with poor prognosis in multiple carcinomas. Conversely, upregulation of E-cadherin is prognostic for improved survival in sarcomas. Yet, despite the prognostic benefit of E-cadherin expression in sarcoma, the mechanistic significance of E-cadherin in sarcomas remains poorly understood. Here, by combining mathematical models with wet-bench experiments, we identify the core regulatory networks mediated by E-cadherin in sarcomas, and decipher their functional consequences. Unlike carcinomas, E-cadherin overexpression in sarcomas does not induce a mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition (MET). However, E-cadherin acts to reduce both anchorage-independent growth and spheroid formation of sarcoma cells. Ectopic E-cadherin expression acts to downregulate phosphorylated CREB1 (p-CREB) and the transcription factor, TBX2, to inhibit anchorage-independent growth. RNAi-mediated knockdown of TBX2 phenocopies the effect of E-cadherin on CREB levels and restores sensitivity to anchorage-independent growth in sarcoma cells. Beyond its signaling role, E-cadherin expression in sarcoma cells can also strengthen cell-cell adhesion and restricts spheroid growth through mechanical action. Together, our results demonstrate that E-cadherin inhibits sarcoma aggressiveness by preventing anchorage-independent growth. IMPLICATIONS: We highlight how E-cadherin can restrict aggressive behavior in sarcomas through both biochemical signaling and biomechanical effects.
Gromov-Wasserstein Distances between Gaussian Distributions (2021)

The Gromov-Wasserstein distances were proposed a few years ago to compare distributions which do not lie in the same space. In particular, they offer an interesting alternative to the Wasserstein distances for comparing probability measures living on Euclidean spaces of different dimensions. In this paper, we focus on the Gromov-Wasserstein distance with a ground cost defined as the squared Euclidean distance and we study the form of the optimal plan between Gaussian distributions. We show that when the optimal plan is restricted to Gaussian distributions, the problem has a very simple linear solution, which is also solution of the linear Gromov-Monge problem. We also study the problem without restriction on the optimal plan, and provide lower and upper bounds for the value of the Gromov-Wasserstein distance between Gaussian distributions.
Variation of Surface Reaction Probability with Reactant Angle of Incidence: A Molecular Beam Study of the Asymmetry of Stepped Platinum Crystal Surfaces for H-H Bond Breaking (1977)

A molecular beam of ${\mathrm{H}}_{2}$ and ${\mathrm{D}}_{2}$ was used to investigate the angular dependence of the reaction probability for ${\mathrm{H}}_{2}$-${\mathrm{D}}_{2}$ exchange (${\mathrm{H}}_{2}$+${\mathrm{D}}_{2}$\ensuremath{\rightarrow}2HD) on the Pt(111) and $\mathrm{Pt}(s)$-[6(111)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{} (111)] surfaces. On the stepped surface, a marked increase in the production of HD is observed when the beam of reactants strikes the open side of the step structure. The Pt(111) surface exhibits a smooth decrease in HD production from normal incidence to grazing angles.
The Sphingosine Kinase 2 Inhibitor Opaganib Protects Against Acute Kidney Injury in Mice (2022)

The data support the hypotheses that sphingolipid metabolism is a key mediator of renal inflammatory damage following IR injury and sepsis, and that this can be suppressed by opaganib. Because opaganib has already undergone clinical testing in other diseases (cancer and Covid-19), the present studies support conducting clinical trials with this drug with surgical or septic patients at risk for AKI.
New Straightforward Synthesis and Characterization of a Unique 1β-Methylcarbapenem Antibiotic Biapenem Bearing a σ-Symmetric Bicyclotriazoliumthio Group as the Pendant Moiety (1998)

Biapenem 1, (1R,5S,6S,)-2-[(6,7-dihydro-5H-pyrazolo[1,2-a][1,2,4]triazolium-6-yl)thio]-6-[(R)-1-hydroxyethyl]-1-methylcarbapen-2-em-3-carboxylate, is a new non-natural 1β-methylcarbapenem antibiotic which exhibits a wide range of antibacterial activity, remarkable chemical stability, and extensive stability against human renal dehydropeptidase-I. Mercaptobicyclotriazolium chloride 2 useful for the pendant moiety of 1 was successfully synthesized starting from hydrazine hydrate 3 along an economically available synthetic route. The thiol 2 was efficiently exploited for an expeditious synthesis of biapenem 1. Characterization (crystal structure, nonbonded S- - -O interaction, conformational analysis, and CH- - -O hydrogen bonds) of 1 was investigated by its X-ray crystallographic, 1H NMR, and deuteration experiment analyses.
Beneficial Effect of Interleukin 1 Inhibition with Anakinra in Adult-onset Still’s Disease. An Open, Randomized, Multicenter Study (2012)

Anakinra induced more beneficial responses than DMARD in patients with AOSD and was favored in the OLE phase. (ClinicalTrials.gov Protocol Registration NCT01033656).
The antiproliferative and antioxidant activities of the essential oils of Juniperus species from Turkey (2020)

Abstract The present study aimed to determine the essential oil compositions of four different types of Juniperus species including Juniperus oxycedrus ssp oxycedrus L., Juniperus foetidissima Willd., Juniperus excelsa M. Bieb, and Juniperus communis L. with their antioxidant and antiproliferative activities. The antiproliferative activity of the essential oils was determined against HeLa (human cervix carcinoma) and C6 (rat brain tumor cell) cell lines by BrdU cell proliferation assay. The essential oils were tested for their total reducing power activity, DPPH (2,2'‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl) free radical scavenging activities, and hydrogen peroxide scavenging activities. The overall results of the study showed that the needles of Juniperus species have strong antiproliferative activities as cell selective against C6 cells.
A Polycomb repressive complex is required for RNAi-mediated heterochromatin formation and dynamic distribution of nuclear bodies (2021)

Polycomb group (PcG) proteins are widely utilized for transcriptional repression in eukaryotes. Here, we characterize, in the protist Tetrahymena thermophila, the EZL1 (E(z)-like 1) complex, with components conserved in metazoan Polycomb Repressive Complexes 1 and 2 (PRC1 and PRC2). The EZL1 complex is required for histone H3 K27 and K9 methylation, heterochromatin formation, transposable element control, and programmed genome rearrangement. The EZL1 complex interacts with EMA1, a helicase required for RNA interference (RNAi). This interaction is implicated in co-transcriptional recruitment of the EZL1 complex. Binding of H3K27 and H3K9 methylation by PDD1-another PcG protein interacting with the EZL1 complex-reinforces its chromatin association. The EZL1 complex is an integral part of Polycomb bodies, which exhibit dynamic distribution in Tetrahymena development: Their dispersion is driven by chromatin association, while their coalescence by PDD1, likely via phase separation. Our results provide a molecular mechanism connecting RNAi and Polycomb repression, which coordinately regulate nuclear bodies and reorganize the genome.