gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Na/K-ATPase is obligatory for membrane anchorage of retinoschisin, the protein involved in the pathogenesis of X-linked juvenile retinoschisis (2010)

Mutations in the RS1 gene that encodes the discoidin domain containing retinoschisin cause X-linked juvenile retinoschisis (XLRS), a common macular degeneration in males. Disorganization of retinal layers and electroretinogram abnormalities are hallmarks of the disease and are also found in mice deficient for the orthologous murine protein, indicating that retinoschisin is important for the maintenance of retinal cell integrity. Upon secretion, retinoschisin associates with plasma membranes of photoreceptor and bipolar cells, although the components by which the protein is linked to membranes in vivo are still unclear. Here, we show that retinoschisin fails to bind to phospholipids or unilamellar lipid vesicles. A recent proteomic approach identified the Na/K-ATPase subunits ATP1A3 and ATP1B2 as binding partners of retinoschisin. We analyzed mice deficient for retinoschisin (Rs1h(-/Y)) and ATP1B2 (Atp1b2(-/-)) to characterize the role of Na/K-ATPase interaction in the organization of retinoschisin on cellular membranes. We demonstrate that both the Na/K-ATPase and retinoschisin are significantly reduced in Atp1b2(-/-) retinas, suggesting that retinoschisin membrane association is severely impaired in the absence of ATP1A3 and ATP1B2 subunits. Conversely, the presence of ATP1A3 and ATP1B2 are obligatory for binding of exogenously applied retinoschisin to crude membranes. Also, co-expression of ATP1A3 and ATP1B2 is required for retinoschisin binding to intact Hek293 cells. Taken together, our data support a predominant role of Na/K-ATPase in anchoring retinoschisin to retinal cell surfaces. Furthermore, altered localization of ATP1A3 and ATP1B2 is a notable consequence of retinoschisin deficiency and thus may be an important downstream aspect of cellular pathology in XLRS.
Bioactivity of novel carboxymethyl chitosan scaffold incorporating MTA in a tooth model (2010)

The CMCS scaffolds are bioactive and capable of biomineralisation by forming HAP within a tooth model ex vivo. The bioactivity of the CMCS scaffold can be enhanced by incorporating MTA.
Performance Measurements of the Multimedia Testbed on Real-Time Mach (2001)

Multimedia has generated widespread interest in real-time support within general purpose operating systems. Multimedia also places new demands on operating systems for interprocess communication. The Multimedia Testbed is a set of applications that stress consistent lowlatency response and efficient interprocess communication for large blocks of data. The Multimedia Testbed was ported to Real-Time Mach in the hopes of providing predictable lowlatency response and, consequently, good synchronization and low jitter as required for multimedia applications. Our work compares the performance of Real-Time Mach with that of Mach 3.0. Although the fixed-priority scheduling of Real-Time Mach is a substantial improvement, user threads are still preempted by device drivers, and the overall real-time performance is not suitable for multimedia applications. We discuss areas where Real-Time Mach needs improvement. This research was performed by the Carnegie Mellon Information Technology Center and ...
Broadband planar Luneburg lens based on complementary metamaterials (2009)

Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter Facebook Reddit LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Reprints and Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation Qiang Cheng, Hui Feng Ma, Tie Jun Cui; Broadband planar Luneburg lens based on complementary metamaterials. Appl. Phys. Lett. 2 November 2009; 95 (18): 181901. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3257375 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAIP Publishing PortfolioApplied Physics Letters Search Advanced Search |Citation Search
Mechanisms of Ice Crystallization in Ice Cream Production (2010)

ABSTRACT: The smoothness and perceived quality of an ice cream depends in large part on the small size of ice crystals in the product. Understanding the mechanisms responsible for producing the disc‐shaped crystals found in ice cream will greatly aid manufacturers in predicting how processing and formulation changes will affect their product. Because ice cream mix is opaque, it has not yet been possible to observe ice crystallization in ice cream in situ. Studies to date, therefore, have used analogues or have related observed effects to a hypothesized mechanism. Still, some elements of the crystallization mechanism are well accepted. Because of the large supercooling at the freezer wall, ice nucleates there before being swept into the bulk of the freezer. In the bulk, heat and mass transfer cause some crystals to melt and others to grow. By the time the ice cream reaches the freezer exit, the ice crystals have become small, rounded discs.
Partial purification and characterization of a protease from human plasma cleaving von Willebrand factor to fragments produced by in vivo proteolysis (1996)

Proteolytic cleavage of von Willebrand factor (vWF) takes place in the circulating blood of healthy subjects and is increased in some patients with von Willebrand disease type 2A. The hemostatically active large vWF multimers are degraded to smaller less active forms. It has been suggested that the polypeptide subunit of vWF is cleaved at the peptide bond 842Tyr-843Met. We purified (approximately 10,000-fold) from human plasma a vWF-degrading protease, using chelating Sepharose, hydrophobic interaction chromatography, and gel filtration. The enzyme was found to be virtually absent in the platelet lysates obtained by repeated freezing and thawing. The proteolytic activity was associated with a high molecular weight protein (approximately 300 kD) as judged by gel filtration and sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. vWF was resistant against the protease in a neutral buffer at physiological ionic strength but became degraded at low salt concentration or in the presence of 1 mol/L urea. No degradation of human fibrinogen, bovine serum albumin, of calf skin collagen by the purified protease was noted under the same experimental conditions. Proteolytic activity showed a pH optimum at 8 to 9 and was strongly inhibited by chelating agents, whereas only slow inhibition was observed with N-ethylmaleimide. There was no inhibition by iodoacetamide, leupeptin, or serine protease inhibitors. The best peptidyl diazomethyl ketone inhibitor was Z-Phe-Phe-CHN2. Activation by divalent metal ions was found to increase in the following order: Zn2+ approximately Cu2+ approximately CD2+ approximately Ni2+ approximately Co2+ <Mn2+ <Mg2+ <Ca2+ <Sr2+ <Ba2+. The observed properties of the vWF-degrading enzyme differ from those of all other hitherto described proteases. Purified vWF was incubated with the protease, and the degraded material subjected to sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis after disulfide reduction. The size, amino acid composition, and amino terminal sequence of the reduced fragments confirmed that the peptide bond 842Tyr-843Met had been cleaved, ie, the same bond that has been proposed to be cleaved in vivo.
Application of the main Algorithm of Pavement Management System For the Korea Expressway System (2001)

Maintenance cost for managing the whole network of Expressway system in Korea increases rapidly with the increase of the total length of the system. Implementation of the Pavement Management System(PMS) is essential for efficient management of the Expressway with a limited budget. The purpose of this study is to develop the main algorithm of PMS for Korea Expressway System and to associate the algorithm with database and the Highway Geographic Information System(HGIS) recently developed. Emphasis is laid on developing the algorithm as easy as possible, so that the users can use the PMS without practical difficulty. PMS is not the decision maker, but just a supporting system for the user. The algorithm is designed in such a way that the users can modify the decision criteria if necessary. The user is the one who makes the final decision of the priority and the maintenance alternatives. The users can also inquire the current condition of the whole Expressway network in detail by association of the database and the algorithm with HGIS.
3305 Proposal of emergent hybrid electric vehicle control system for time-axis variation of driving state (2012)

This paper addresses an emergent control system for a series hybrid electric vehicle (S-HEV) that automatically creates a control algorithm adapting to driving characteristics based on a timeaxis design. Because driving behaviors of a driver vary by driving state, and/or with time, it will be possible to realize more efficient S-HEV by switching a control algorithm to others dynamically corresponding to variations of driving behavior. An emergent control algorithm using a genetic network programming (GNP) method is proposed. It estimates driving characteristics of a driver and creates a control algorithm improving total drive cost of S-HEV, fuel consumption and battery shelf life, in adapting to driving characteristics. The algorithm was implemented in the control system of a driving simulator, and its function and effectiveness were verified. It was found that the algorithm could create networks of GNP in response to driving characteristics of each driver in each driving state, and that the total driving cost of S-HEV decreased by 11 percent compared to a driving-state adaptive control algorithm.
Dynamic cache contention detection in multi-threaded applications (2011)

In today's multi-core systems, cache contention due to true and false sharing can cause unexpected and significant performance degradation. A detailed understanding of a given multi-threaded application's behavior is required to precisely identify such performance bottlenecks. Traditionally, however, such diagnostic information can only be obtained after lengthy simulation of the memory hierarchy. In this paper, we present a novel approach that efficiently analyzes interactions between threads to determine thread correlation and detect true and false sharing. It is based on the following key insight: although the slowdown caused by cache contention depends on factors including the thread-to-core binding and parameters of the memory hierarchy, the amount of data sharing is primarily a function of the cache line size and application behavior. Using memory shadowing and dynamic instrumentation, we implemented a tool that obtains detailed sharing information between threads without simulating the full complexity of the memory hierarchy. The runtime overhead of our approach --- a 5x slowdown on average relative to native execution --- is significantly less than that of detailed cache simulation. The information collected allows programmers to identify the degree of cache contention in an application, the correlation among its threads, and the sources of significant false sharing. Using our approach, we were able to improve the performance of some applications up to a factor of 12x. For other contention-intensive applications, we were able to shed light on the obstacles that prevent their performance from scaling to many cores.
Ambient mass spectrometry (2017)

Welcome to this <italic>Analytical Methods</italic> themed collection on ambient mass spectrometry, guest edited by Facundo M. Fernández and Juan F. García-Reyes.
Printed Circuit Board Quality: Copper Wrap (2016)

Outline: Motivation and introduction, requirements in standards and issues, experimental verification, simulation assisted evaluation, lessons learned.
Multi-variable Dynamic Power Management for the GPU Subsystem (2017)

In this work, we present a control-theoretic algorithm to improve the energy efficiency of the GPU targeting deadline-driven graphics applications. Our algorithm dynamically controls multiple power knobs within the GPU (DVFS and number of active slices) that have different control time granularities. We developed a multi-rate predictive control to overcome the time granularity constraints in the control variables and reduce runtime overhead. To enable predictive control, we developed runtime analytical predictive models for performance and power of the GPU, that take input from hardware counters and temperature sensor readings. We evaluated our approach on the latest generation of Intel Core i5 platform. Our experimental results demonstrate significant average GPU energy savings of 25% compared to the state-of-the-art algorithm at negligible performance overhead.
Metal–Organic Framework Derived Co3O4/TiO2/Si Heterostructured Nanorod Array Photoanodes for Efficient Photoelectrochemical Water Oxidation (2017)

A novel hierarchical structured photoanode based on metal–organic frameworks (MOFs)‐derived porous Co 3 O 4 ‐modified TiO 2 nanorod array grown on Si (MOFs‐derived Co 3 O 4 /TiO 2 /Si) is developed as photoanode for efficiently photoelectrochemical (PEC) water oxidation. The ternary Co 3 O 4 /TiO 2 /Si heterojunction displays enhanced carrier separation performance and electron injection efficiency. In the ternary system, an abnormal type‐II heterojunction between TiO 2 and Si is introduced, because the conduction band and valence band position of Si are higher than those of TiO 2 , the photogenerated electrons from TiO 2 will rapidly recombine with the photogenerated holes from Si, thus leading to an efficient separation of photogenerated electrons from Si/holes from TiO 2 at the TiO 2 /Si interface, greatly improving the separation efficiency of photogenerated hole within TiO 2 and enhances the photogenerated electron injection efficiency in Si. While the MOFs‐derived Co 3 O 4 obviously improves the optical‐response performance and surface water oxidation kinetics due to the large specific surface area and porous channel structure. Compared with MOFs‐derived Co 3 O 4 /TiO 2 /FTO photoanode, the synergistic function in the MOFs‐derived Co 3 O 4 /TiO 2 /Si NR photoanode brings greatly enhanced photoconversion efficiency of 0.54% (1.04 V vs reversible hydrogen electrode) and photocurrent density of 2.71 mA cm −2 in alkaline electrolyte. This work provides promising methods for constructing high‐performance PEC water splitting photoanode based on MOFs‐derived materials.
Laminin Polymerization Induces a Receptor–Cytoskeleton Network (1999)

The transition of laminin from a monomeric to a polymerized state is thought to be a crucial step in the development of basement membranes and in the case of skeletal muscle, mutations in laminin can result in severe muscular dystrophies with basement membrane defects. We have evaluated laminin polymer and receptor interactions to determine the requirements for laminin assembly on a cell surface and investigated what cellular responses might be mediated by this transition. We found that on muscle cell surfaces, laminins preferentially polymerize while bound to receptors that included dystroglycan and alpha7beta1 integrin. These receptor interactions are mediated through laminin COOH-terminal domains that are spatially and functionally distinct from NH2-terminal polymer binding sites. This receptor-facilitated self-assembly drives rearrangement of laminin into a cell-associated polygonal network, a process that also requires actin reorganization and tyrosine phosphorylation. As a result, dystroglycan and integrin redistribute into a reciprocal network as do cortical cytoskeleton components vinculin and dystrophin. Cytoskeletal and receptor reorganization is dependent on laminin polymerization and fails in response to receptor occupancy alone (nonpolymerizing laminin). Preferential polymerization of laminin on cell surfaces, and the resulting induction of cortical architecture, is a cooperative process requiring laminin- receptor ligation, receptor-facilitated self-assembly, actin reorganization, and signaling events.
A novel reduced-complexity MAP equalizer using soft-statistics for decision-feedback ISI cancellation (2003)

A novel version of the reduced-state Bayesian maximum a posteriori probability/decision-feedback (MAP/DF) equalizer for ISI channels with long impulse responses is presented. The main feature of the proposed equalizer is that the soft-statistics generated by the MAP receiver are employed to recursively compute a suitable index of the actual reliability of the (soft) decisions feeding the DF filter. Therefore, in the presented equalizer the usual (over-optimistic) assumption of error-free decisions at the input of the feedback filter is relaxed and numerical results supporting the actual effectiveness of the proposed MAP/DF equalizer are provided for the so-called high-bit-rate digital subscriber line (HDSL) test-loop # 4.
Embolization of a complex coronary to pulmonary artery fistula using balloon assisted liquid embolic injection: A novel technique (2018)

Complex Coronary artery to Pulmonary artery fistulas (CPFs) can be difficult to manage with embolization or ligation. An 88-year-old woman with exertional angina was found to have a complex precordial CPF, severe Mitral regurgitation, and Pulmonary Hypertension. CPF treatment was recommended prior to minimally invasive mitral valve replacement (to avoid postoperative myocardial ischemia from worsened steal). The CPF was supplied by multiple branches from the LAD and RCA, and formed a complex common varicosity with multiple drainage channels to the pulmonary artery. The CPF was treated by injecting a liquid embolic agent, Ethylene Vinyl Alcohol Copolymer (Onyx, Medtronic, MN), into two of the feeding arteries arising from the RCA through a Scepter C Dual lumen balloon micro catheter (Microvention, Aliso Viejo, CA. This resulted in complete obliteration of the fistula, and the patient subsequently underwent successful mitral valve replacement surgery.
Fiber-based polarimetric stress sensor for measuring the Young's modulus of biomaterials (2015)

Polarimetric optical fiber-based stress and pressure sensors have proven to be a robust tool for measuring and detecting changes in the Young’s modulus (E) of materials in response to external stimuli, including the real-time monitoring of the structural integrity of bridges and buildings. These sensors typically work by using a pair of polarizers before and after the sensing region of the fiber, and often require precise alignment to achieve high sensitivity. The ability to perform similar measurements in natural and in engineered biomaterials could provide significant insights and enable research advancement and preventative healthcare. However, in order for this approach to be successful, it is necessary to reduce the complexity of the system by removing free-space components and the need for alignment. As the first step in this path, we have developed a new route for performing these measurements. By generalizing and expanding established theoretical analyses for these types of sensors, we have developed a predictive theoretical model. Additionally, by replacing the conventional free space components and polarization filters with a polarimeter, we have constructed a sensor system with higher sensitivity and which is semi-portable. In initial experiments, a series of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) samples with several base:curing agent ratios ranging from 5:1 up to 30:1 were prepared to simulate tissues with different stiffnesses. By simultaneously producing stress-strain curves using a load frame and monitoring the polarization change of light traveling through the samples, we verified the accuracy of our theoretical model.
Myocardial matrix degradation and metalloproteinase activation in the failing heart: a potential therapeutic target (2000)

A fundamental structural event in the progression of heart failure due to dilated cardiomyopathy is left ventricular (LV) myocardial remodeling. The matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are an endogenous family of enzymes which contribute to matrix remodeling in several disease states. The goal of this report is to summarize recent findings regarding the myocardial MMP system and the relation to matrix remodeling in the failing heart. In both experimental and clinical forms of dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM), increased expression of certain species of myocardial MMPs have been demonstrated. Specifically, increased myocardial levels of the gelatinase, MMP-9 has been identified in both ischemic and non-ischemic forms of human DCM. In addition, stromelysin or MMP-3 increased by over four-fold in DCM. The increased levels of MMP-3 in DCM may have particular importance since this MMP degrades a wide range of extracellular proteins and can activate other MMPs. In normal human LV myocardium, the membrane type 1 MMP (MT1-MMP) was detected. These MT-MMPs may provide important sites for local MMP activation within the myocardium. In a pacing model of LV failure, MMP expression and activity increased early and were temporally associated with LV myocardial matrix remodeling. Using a broad-spectrum pharmacological MMP inhibitor in this pacing model, the degree of LV dilation was attenuated and associated with an improvement in LV pump function. Thus, increased LV myocardial MMP expression and activity are contributory factors in the LV remodeling process in cardiomyopathic disease states. Regulation of myocardial MMP expression and activity may be an important therapeutic target for controlling myocardial matrix remodeling in the setting of developing heart failure.
Author Correction: M-protein based vaccine induces immunogenicity and protection from Streptococcus pyogenes when delivered on a high-density microarray patch (HD-MAP) (2020)

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1038/s41541-020-00222-2.].
PIN architecture for ultrasensitive organic thin film photoconductors (2014)

Organic thin film photoconductors (OTFPs) are expected to have wide applications in the field of optical communications, artificial vision and biomedical sensing due to their great advantages of high flexibility and low-cost large-area fabrication. However, their performances are not satisfactory at present: the value of responsivity (R), the parameter that measures the sensitivity of a photoconductor to light, is below 1 AW(-1). We believe such poor performance is resulted from an intrinsic self-limited effect of present bare blend based device structure. Here we designed a PIN architecture for OTFPs, the PIN device exhibits a significantly improved high R value of 96.5 AW(-1). The PIN architecture and the performance the PIN device shows here should represent an important step in the development of OTFPs.
Selective Recruitment of Large Lower Lobe Atelectasis on Donor Back Table in Rejected Donor Lungs (2019)

A selective recruitment procedure is a safe and effective method of eliminating large atelectasis before EVLP.
Editorial: Cardiovascular engineering (2022)

Cardiovascular disease remains the leading cause of death worldwide, despite significant advances in 26 medical technology and in our knowledge of the disease and the treatment (1,2). Over the last two 27 decades, we have seen remarkable development in the fields of technology, healthcare, and the 28 biological sciences. Since the cardiovascular field has progressed so rapidly, it is essential that each 29 major innovation must function increasingly better than current technologies to have a long-lasting 30 impact. both reduce the quality of the reconstructed image, the authors developed an algorithm to reconstruct 96 the dynamic sequence of independent respiratory and cardiac phases and tested it using the data 97 generated from a Monte Carlo simulation. 98In summary, this specific research topic on cardiovascular engineering provides a platform to exhibit 99 a variety of original research, methods and review articles on recent scientific advances in 100 cardiovascular implants, computational modeling, imaging, and in vitro simulators for pediatric and 101 adult patients. We appreciate the efforts of all authors for helping make this such a fruitful special 102 issue. 103