gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
<title>Terfenol-D tunable mechanical resonator</title> (2001)

The control of Terfenol-D's operational elastic modulus offers opportunities for novel devices and applications capitalizing on real time changes in material stiffness. This work describes the development and testing of a Terfenol-D transducer employed as a wide-band variable frequency mechanical resonator. The design and construction of such a wide-band mechanical resonator for testing under controlled thermal, magnetic and dynamic mechanical load conditions are described. Changes in Terfenol-D's elastic modulus, the (Delta) E effect, approaching 266% are demonstrated in the mechanical resonator utilizing a range of d.c. applied magnetic field levels of less than 61.0 kA/m. The elastic modulus and damping characteristics of Terfenol-D critical to the successful design of devices employing the (Delta) E effect are examined. This conference paper is a shortened version of the paper titled Wide band tunable mechanical resonator employing the (Delta) E effect of Terfenol-D that has been submitted for peer reviewed journal publication.
Comment on “Intense Superradiant X Rays from a Compact Source Using a Nanocathode Array and Emittance Exchange” (2013)

A Comment on the Letter by W. S. Graves et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 108, 263904 (2012).. The authors of the Letter offer a Reply.Received 4 March 2013DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.111.019401© 2013 American Physical Society
Beitrag zur Simulierung der Spülgasbehandlung (1971)

Schlußfolgerungen und Schrifttumsvergleich zu theoretischen Untersuchungen des Stoffübergangs zwischen flüssigem, kohlenstoff‐, Sauerstoff‐, Wasserstoff‐, Stickstoff‐ und/oder schwefelhaltigem Stahl und Blasenketten. Angaben für den rechnerischen Spülgasbedarf. Untersuchung der Auswirkungen eines Wusserzusatzes zum Sauerstoffstrom beim Frischen im „LD‟‐Tiegel.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS AND CARBON‐13 NMR SPECTROSCOPIC INVESTIGATIONS OF RHAMNOBIOSES (1980)

Abstract Ausgehend vom L‐Rhamnosid (Ia) werden über die Acetate (Ib) bzw. (Id) die Benzylether (Ic) und (Ie) dargestellt, aus denen die Dibenzylether (IIa) bzw. (IIb) erhältlich sind.
Prepartum supplement level and age at weaning: I. Effects on pre- and postpartum beef cow performance and calf performance through weaning1 (2015)

Objectives were to determine the interaction of prepartum supplement level and age at weaning on cow BW, BCS, milk production, reproduction, and calf performance up to weaning in a fall-calving system over 2 yr. Mature, multiparous, Angus × Simmental cows (yr 1: 326 cows, 9 pastures, BW = 632 ± 67 kg, and BCS = 5.7 ± 0.58; yr 2: 383 cows, 9 pastures, BW = 606 ± 70 kg, and BCS = 5.8 ± 0.74) were used in a split-plot design that included 3 supplement levels-no supplement (NS), low supplement (LS; 2.16 kg∙cow∙d), or high supplement (HS; 8.61 kg∙cow∙d)-and 2 ages at weaning-78 ± 11 d of age (early weaned; EW) or 186 ± 11 d of age (normal weaned; NW). Cows grazed endophyte-infected tall fescue/red clover pastures and were bunk fed supplement (70% dried distillers' grains with solubles and 30% soybean hulls) 103 ± 11 d prepartum to 2 ± 11 d postpartum. Cow BW was greater ( < 0.01) for cows fed HS at precalving (49 ± 11 d prepartum), postcalving (26 ± 11 d postpartum), and postbreeding (81 d after AI) compared with cows fed NS and LS. Prepartum supplementation did not affect ( ≥ 0.62) calf birth BW, percent of calves dead at birth, or percent of cows calving unassisted. Prepartum supplementation tended ( = 0.10) to improve AI conception. Early weaning increased ( ≤ 0.05) AI conception and postbreeding cow BW and BCS compared with cows with NW calves. Neither prepartum supplementation nor age at weaning affected ( ≥ 0.28) overall pregnancy rate. At time of early weaning, BW was increased ( = 0.05) for steers from cows fed LS compared with steers from cows fed NS. Steer BW at time of normal weaning and ADG between early and normal weaning was greater ( < 0.01) for EW steers compared with NW steers. A year × age at weaning interaction occurred ( < 0.01) for ultrasound marbling score at time of normal weaning. In yr 1, marbling was decreased ( = 0.04) for EW steers compared with NW steers; however, in yr 2, marbling was increased ( < 0.01) for EW steers compared with NW steers. In conclusion, there was no interaction between level of supplement during late gestation and age at weaning on cow BW, BCS, milk production, AI conception, and overall pregnancy rate in mature beef cows nor in their steer progeny's BW or ultrasound marbling. Both prepartum supplementation and early weaning improved cow BW, BCS, and reproduction. Minimal effects of dam prepartum supplement level on calf performance up to weaning were observed. Early weaning improved calf growth but had inconsistent effects on ultrasound marbling across years.
High-Quality InGaN Films Grown on Ga-Polarity GaN by Plasma-Assisted Molecular-Beam Epitaxy (2000)

High-quality InGaN films were successfully grown on a Ga-polarity GaN underlayer by plasma-assisted molecular-beam epitaxy (rf-MBE) with good reproducibility. X-ray diffraction (XRD) results showed that there was no phase separation of In with the In mole fraction up to 0.36. Intense photoluminescence emissions from the InGaN films were obtained. Clear evidence was obtained for the difference in the quality between InGaN films grown on the Ga-polarity and those grown on N-polarity GaN buffer layers, in which the Ga-polarity GaN buffer is preferred. Our results provide a basis for fabricating high-quality InGaN/(Al, Ga)N heterostructures for optical and electronic device applications by rf-MBE.
Indigenously associated methanogens intensified the metabolism in hydrogenosomes of anaerobic fungi with xylose as substrate (2017)

Anaerobic fungi are potent lignocellulose degraders, but have not yet been exploited in this capacity, largely owing to their poor metabolic characterization. In the current study, a time course of fermentation was conducted to study the effect of the co-cultured methanogens on xylose metabolism by anaerobic fungi. The fermentation end-products from anaerobic fungal monoculture were H<sub>2</sub> (6.7 ml), CO<sub>2</sub> (65.7 ml), formate (17.90 mM), acetate (9.00 mM), lactate (11.89 mM), ethanol, and malate after 96 h fermentation. Compared to the monoculture, the end-products of co-culture shifted to more CO<sub>2</sub> (71.8 ml) and acetate (15.20 mM), methane (14.9 ml), less lactate (5.28 mM), and hardly detectable formate and H<sub>2</sub> at the end of fermentation. After 48 h, accumulated formate was remarkably consumed by co-cultured methanogens, accompanied by significantly increased acetate, CO<sub>2</sub> and pH, and decreased lactate and malate. Xylose utilization, in both cultures, was similar during fermentation. However, the relative flux of carbon in hydrogenosomes in the co-culture was higher than that in the monoculture. In conclusion, the co-culture with methanogens enhanced "energy yields" of anaerobic fungi by removing the accumulated formate, decreased the metabolism in cytosol, for example, the lactate pathway, and increased the metabolism in hydrogenosomes, for example, the acetate pathway.
Subcellular Localization of Sigma-2 Receptors in Breast Cancer Cells Using Two-Photon and Confocal Microscopy (2007)

Sigma-2 receptor agonists have been shown to induce cell death via caspase-dependent and caspase-independent pathways. Unfortunately, there is little information regarding the molecular function of sigma-2 receptors that can explain these results. In this study, two fluorescent probes, SW107 and K05-138, were used to study the subcellular localization of sigma-2 receptors by two-photon and confocal microscopy. The results indicate that sigma-2 receptors colocalize with fluorescent markers of mitochondria, lysosomes, endoplasmic reticulum, and the plasma membrane in both EMT-6 mouse and MDA-MB-435 human breast cancer cells. The fluorescent probe, K05-138, was internalized rapidly, reaching a plateau of fluorescent intensity at 5 min. The internalization of K05-138 was reduced approximately 40% by phenylarsine oxide, an inhibitor of endocytosis. These data suggest that sigma-2 ligands are internalized, in part, by an endocytotic pathway. The localization of sigma-2 receptors in several organelles known to have a role in both caspase-dependent and caspase-independent pathways of cell death supports the conclusions of previous studies suggesting that sigma-2 receptor ligands should be evaluated as potential cancer chemotherapeutic agents.
Automatic Load Regulation Using B-Spline Interpolation (2007)

In this paper, a training system that has the ability of support of human force was developed. The ability to apply programmable force in training system is important to medical application. The design of smooth curves with arbitrary shapes is useful in many application areas. The B-spline functions have become one of the most extensively used methods for the definition and representation of free from curves. The automatic load regulation based on B-spline functions was proposed and implemented to a training system. Dual disturbance observers are applied to the reactive force control. A robust control system is obtained by applying the disturbance observer loop in order to cancel any disturbance torque on the motor side. In addition, an acceleration control system attains robust reactive force control. By using step-wise disturbance observer, which considers the structure of ball screw mechanism, it is possible to obtain human force sensing with wide bandwidth. A validation experiment has been performed on a training system. From the experimental results, it generates a good realization of interaction force between human and a training system.
Destruction of chitosan capsules based on host–guest interaction and controllable release of encapsulated dyes (2017)

ABSTRACT This article describes a new and simple method to control the release of payloads encapsulated in chitosan capsules. The capsules with the liquid core and rigid shell are performed by drop‐wisely adding chitosan solution into anionic surfactant solution. The capsules can be destroyed by β‐CD because β‐CD binds and sequesters surfactant from the shell through the host‐guest interaction. The destruction process is studied by optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The capsules can swell in acid solution and shrink in alkaline solution. It is found that the destruction speed increases with increasing acidity or alkalinity of β‐CD solution. Rhodamine B encapsulated in the liquid‐core of chitosan capsules can be released from the capsules in β‐CD solution. The release rate can be adjusted by the pH value of β‐CD solution. The release speed of the capsule increases with the increase of acidity or alkalinity in β‐CD solution. The above concept can provide more versatility for controlled release of a variety of payloads such as drugs, cosmetics, and so on. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017 , 134 , 45229.
Detection of HIV-1 antibodies in blood specimens spotted on filter-paper. (1992)

Described are the results of an international collaborative study to evaluate the use of whole blood samples spotted on filter-paper (BSP) for the detection of antibodies to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). BSP samples were collected from 40 patients at risk for HIV-1 infection and tested blindly using commercially available HIV antibody test kits, either specifically manufactured or modified for this purpose. Parallel serum samples were also collected, and the antibody reactivity was defined and confirmed by Western blot. The results demonstrate that recovery of antibodies from BSP samples after elution can be comparable to that from serum. Some kits can be easily adapted to test BSP samples, while others cannot. At present, detection of HIV antibodies in BSP samples should therefore be carried out using kits specifically manufactured for this purpose or by the development of a modified protocol using a panel of BSP and their corresponding serum specimens.
Synthetic Zippers as an Enabling Tool for Engineering of Non‐Ribosomal Peptide Synthetases** (2021)

Non-ribosomal peptide synthetases (NRPSs) are the origin of a wide range of natural products, including many clinically used drugs. Efficient engineering of these often giant biosynthetic machineries to produce novel non-ribosomal peptides (NRPs) is an ongoing challenge. Here we describe a cloning and co-expression strategy to functionally combine NRPS fragments of Gram-negative and -positive origin, synthesising novel peptides at titres up to 220 mg L<sup>-1</sup> . Extending from the recently introduced definition of eXchange Units (XUs), we inserted synthetic zippers (SZs) to split single protein NRPSs into independently expressed and translated polypeptide chains. These synthetic type of NRPS (type S) enables easier access to engineering, overcomes cloning limitations, and provides a simple and rapid approach to building peptide libraries via the combination of different NRPS subunits.
Conformation and Energy Transfer in a Single Luminescent Conjugated Polymer (2005)

The photophysics and conformation of single long-chain 2,5-dioctyloxy-p-phenylenevinylene (DOO-PPV) polymers are investigated. The fluorescence intensity−time trace of an individual polymer contains abrupt quantized intensity changes superimposed on small gradual changes. Under the same processing conditions, the size of abrupt changes varies from individual to individual, varying between 0 and 100% of the total intensity. Polarization modulation indicates considerable orientation of absorption dipoles within the polymer. Time-dependent measurements indicate that, in the majority of polymers, absorption dipoles in those regions of the polymer responsible for abrupt intensity changes are arranged less anisotropically than in regions responsible for the gradual changes. Spectroscopic measurements show a greater spectral variation accompanying jumps than that accompanying gradual decay. This can be explained by the coexistence of extended regions and a core region. The first is characterized by a relatively greater alignment of absorption dipoles and multiple emitters, while in the second, absorption dipoles are more isotropically distributed and energy is efficiently funneled to a few emitting excitons. Within a single processing batch, the ratio of these two regions varies from individual to individual.
One‐Pot Synthesis of CeO2‐Supported Pd–Cu‐Alloy Nanocubes with High Catalytic Activity (2013)

Cerium and nanocubes: CeO₂-supported Pd-Cu-alloy nanocubes (Pd-Cu NCs/CeO₂) with high content and good dispersion of the Pd-Cu NCs were prepared in high yields by heating a solution containing Pd, Cu, and Ce precursors. The prepared Pd-Cu NCs/CeO₂ have excellent catalytic activity and stability toward formic acid electro-oxidation due to the synergism between the Pd-Cu-alloy catalysts and the CeO₂ support.
Fluorine—a new element in the design of membrane-active peptides (2009)

Antimicrobial peptides (also known as genetically encoded peptide antibiotics) are a diverse class of short cationic amphipathic polypeptides that exhibit a broad-spectrum of antimicrobial activities by selectively disrupting the bacterial cell membrane. In this review article, we present the use of fluorinated amino acids in the design of antimicrobial peptides and other membrane-active peptides.
Targeting Resistance in Medulloblastoma (2022)

Medulloblastoma is the most common malignant brain tumor of childhood. Although the current treatment protocols for this cancer have improved overall survival, they lead to devastating and lifelong sequelae and mortality remains high in recurrent and metastatic disease. Novel targeted therapies are crucial to improve survival in these children without treatment‐related toxicity. Medulloblastoma development is largely driven by deregulation of normal cerebellar proliferation wherein aberrant sonic hedgehog (Shh) pathway signaling plays a critical role. Activating mutations of Shh genes are frequent in medulloblastoma and promote their rapid growth. Poor outcomes in Shh‐driven tumors have prompted the evaluation of targeted agents against the Shh pathway but these have had limited success ‐ likely due to the upregulation of additional oncogenic pathways including the Ras/MAPK pathway and HIF‐1α. These pathways stimulate glycolysis in part by activating the 6‐phosphofructo‐2‐kinase/fructose‐2,6 bisphosphatase family of enzymes (PFKFB1‐4). The PFKFBs produce fructose‐2,6‐bisphosphate (F26BP), a potent activator of 6‐phosphofructo‐1‐kinase, a rate‐limiting step in glycolysis. We found that the PFKFB4 enzyme is highly expressed in a series of patient‐derived medulloblastomas and correlated significantly with expression of the Shh pathway effector Smoothened (SMO). Through HIF‐1α upregulation, we observed that hypoxia strongly induced PFKFB4 expression in Shh‐active medulloblastoma cells and that silencing PFKFB4 in these cells markedly suppressed F26BP and glycolytic flux to lactate and significantly decreased cell survival and proliferation, more prominently in hypoxia, indicating that PFKFB4 may be preferentially required for survival and growth under hypoxia. We found that co‐silencing PFKFB4 and Shh proteins significantly reduced cell survival and that co‐targeting PFKFB4 (with a novel small molecule inhibitor) and Shh effectors synergistically decreased cell viability. To mimic Shh antagonist resistance, we subjected Shh medulloblastoma cells to prolonged Shh inhibitor exposure and have found that these cells show increased proliferation and glycolysis and increased expression of PFKFB4 and are more sensitive to PFKFB4 inhibition. Taken together, our data indicate that targeting PFKFB4 may be a valid therapeutic option in aggressive, treatment‐resistant medulloblastoma and strongly support the examination of PFKFB4 inhibitors in these tumors.
Tane: An Efficient Algorithm for Discovering Functional and Approximate Dependencies (1999)

The discovery of functional dependencies from relations is an important database analysis technique. We present Tane, an efficient algorithm for finding functional dependencies from large databases. Tane is based on partitioning the set of rows with respect to their attribute values, which makes testing the validity of functional dependencies fast even for a large number of tuples. The use of partitions also makes the discovery of approximate functional dependencies easy and efficient and the erroneous or exceptional rows can be identified easily. Experiments show that Tane is fast in practice. For benchmark databases the running times are improved by several orders of magnitude over previously published results. The algorithm is also applicable to much larger datasets than the previous methods.
Metabolic and hormonal processes associated with the induction of secondary dormancy inBrassica napusseedsThis paper is one of a selection of papers published in a Special Issue from the National Research Council of Canada – Plant Biotechnology Institute. (2009)

Polyethylene glycol treatment induces secondary seed dormancy in Brassica napus L. cultivar ‘AC Excel’ (ACE), but not in ‘DH12075’ (DH). Gene expression, metabolite profiles, and hormone profiles were obtained from seeds of both cultivars following polyethylene glycol 8000 treatment. ACE seeds were more transcriptionally active: 28 genes were up-regulated in both cultivars and 10 and 158 genes were specifically up-regulated in DH and ACE, respectively. Nontargeted metabolite analyses combined with gene expression analyses showed significant differences in lipid, sugar, and phenylpropanoid metabolism between the cultivars. Abscisic acid (ABA) levels were higher and many ABA-inducible genes were expressed more in ACE. An association of ABA with secondary dormancy was supported by the observation that secondary dormancy was induced by polyethylene glycol 8000 in Arabidopsis wild-type seeds, but was reduced in ABA-deficient and ABA-insensitive mutants. Therefore, secondary dormancy appears to be realized through an active ABA-related mechanism that may involve changes in primary and secondary metabolism.
Distributed Caching Algorithms for Content Distribution Networks (2010)

The delivery of video content is expected to gain huge momentum, fueled by the popularity of user-generated clips, growth of VoD libraries, and wide-spread deployment of IPTV services with features such as CatchUp/PauseLive TV and NPVR capabilities. The `time-shifted' nature of these personalized applications defies the broadcast paradigm underlying conventional TV networks, and increases the overall bandwidth demands by orders of magnitude. Caching strategies provide an effective mechanism for mitigating these massive bandwidth requirements by replicating the most popular content closer to the network edge, rather than storing it in a central site. The reduction in the traffic load lessens the required transport capacity and capital expense, and alleviates performance bottlenecks. In the present paper, we develop light-weight cooperative cache management algorithms aimed at maximizing the traffic volume served from cache and minimizing the bandwidth cost. As a canonical scenario, we focus on a cluster of distributed caches, either connected directly or via a parent node, and formulate the content placement problem as a linear program in order to benchmark the globally optimal performance. Under certain symmetry assumptions, the optimal solution of the linear program is shown to have a rather simple structure. Besides interesting in its own right, the optimal structure offers valuable guidance for the design of low-complexity cache management and replacement algorithms. We establish that the performance of the proposed algorithms is guaranteed to be within a constant factor from the globally optimal performance, with far more benign worst-case ratios than in prior work, even in asymmetric scenarios. Numerical experiments for typical popularity distributions reveal that the actual performance is far better than the worst-case conditions indicate.