gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Factor-dependent in vitro growth of human normal bone marrow-derived basophil-like cells. (1983)

A factor(s) present in supernatants from lectin-stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells promoted the production of basophil-like cells in liquid cultures of normal human bone marrow cells. The cultured basophil-like cells had lobulated or round nuclei, and the cytoplasmic granules stained metachromatically with toluidine blue and azurophilic with Giemsa. 20% of the metachromatically staining cells were peroxidase positive but not positive for nonspecific esterase. The histamine content was 0.5-2 pg/cell. The basophil-like cells released histamine upon challenge with calcium ionophore A23187 but not with compound 48/80. They also released histamine with anti-IgE when passively sensitized with human myeloma IgE. The development of basophil-like cells was promoted in a dose-dependent fashion by a factor(s) in the conditioned medium. Blocking of cell proliferation with hydroxyurea or X irradiation inhibited the development of basophil-like cells. The production of the factor was dependent on the presence of T cells. The factor was different from interleukin 2 and its molecular weight was estimated to be 25,000-40,000 by gel filtration on a Sephacryl S-200 column. Thus, human basophil-like cells derived from normal bone marrow cells can grow and differentiate in vitro under the regulation of T cells.
Cytotoxic and antiherpetic activity of phloroglucinol derivatives from Mallotus japonicus (Euphorbiaceae). (1990)

The phloroglucinol derivatives isolated from Mallotus japonicus Muell. Arg. (Euphorbiaceae) and their derivatives were evaluated for their capacity to produce cytotoxicity in HeLa cells and to inhibit the replication of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1). The characterizations of an isolated new acetophenone, mallophenone (16), and cyclization products of mallotojaponin (1), isomallotochromene (17), mallotochroman (18) and isomallotochroman (19), were also described. All tested derivatives inhibited the replication of HSV-1 with ED50 in the range of 88 ng--48 micrograms/ml. The derivatives 12 and 19 were found in vitro therapeutic index with 10.9 and 9.1, respectively, and they were considered to be active antivirals.
Perceptual similarity of visual patterns predicts the similarity of\n their dynamic neural activation patterns measured with MEG (2015)

Perceptual similarity is a cognitive judgment that represents the end-stage\nof a complex cascade of hierarchical processing throughout visual cortex.\nPrevious studies have shown a correspondence between the similarity of\ncoarse-scale fMRI activation patterns and the perceived similarity of visual\nstimuli, suggesting that visual objects that appear similar also share similar\nunderlying patterns of neural activation. Here we explore the temporal\nrelationship between the human brain's time-varying representation of visual\npatterns and behavioral judgments of perceptual similarity. The visual stimuli\nwere abstract patterns constructed from identical perceptual units (oriented\nGabor patches) so that each pattern had a unique global form or perceptual\n'Gestalt'. The visual stimuli were decodable from evoked neural activation\npatterns measured with magnetoencephalography (MEG), however, stimuli differed\nin the similarity of their neural representation as estimated by differences in\ndecodability. Early after stimulus onset (from 50ms), a model based on\nretinotopic organization predicted the representational similarity of the\nvisual stimuli. Following the peak correlation between the retinotopic model\nand neural data at 80ms, the neural representations quickly evolved so that\nretinotopy no longer provided a sufficient account of the brain's time-varying\nrepresentation of the stimuli. Overall the strongest predictor of the brain's\nrepresentation was a model based on human judgments of perceptual similarity,\nwhich reached the limits of the maximum correlation with the neural data\ndefined by the 'noise ceiling'. Our results show that large-scale brain\nactivation patterns contain a neural signature for the perceptual Gestalt of\ncomposite visual features, and demonstrate a strong correspondence between\nperception and complex patterns of brain activity.\n
Macromol. Chem. Phys. 3/2018 (2018)

Back Cover: Hollow microcapsules with κ-casein amyloids are successfully fabricated. κ-Casein extracted from bovine milk is assembled into nanofibrils and further utilized in the layer-by-layer deposition of the multilayer thin films on flat substrate and sacrificial microparticles. Strong electrostatic interactions enable the production of mechanically stable, hollow microcapsules. This research may help to identify future drug delivery systems with naturally occurring proteins. Further details can be found in article number 1700382 by Bongjun Yeom, Kookheon Char, and co-workers.
Disk Susceptibility Studies with Cefazolin and Cephalothin (1974)

Cefazolin and cephalothin disk susceptibility and minimal inhibitory concentration determinations were conducted on 591 clinical isolates. Cefazolin demonstrated superior activity, as shown by lower minimal inhibitory concentrations, and a greater percentage of isolates inhibited in the disk susceptibility test. The cephalothin antibiotic class disk by the standard Bauer-Kirby method failed to detect susceptibility to cefazolin in a significant percentage of Escherchia coli, Enterobacter species, and Enterococcus isolates. A separate cefazolin disk with a susceptibility cut-off point of 18 mm is recommended. An alternative to a separate cefazolin disk would be a reinterpretation of the cephalothin susceptibility disk zone diameters so that it would more adequately predict cefazolin activity.
Using the solubility parameter to explain disperse dye sorption on polylactide (2005)

Abstract The solubility parameters of polylactide (PLA), poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET), and various disperse dyes calculated according to the group contribution method were used to explain the low sorption of some disperse dyes on PLA but the high sorption of the same dyes on PET. It was found that the dyes with high sorption on PLA tended to have solubility parameters near that of PLA, which has a lower solubility parameter than that of PET. It was also found that the solubility parameter, which was calculated based on cohesive energy and molar volume at 25°C, was more appropriate for explaining dyeings at lower temperature, 100 and 110°C, than those at higher temperature, 130°C. Based on the finding that dyes with solubility parameters near that of PLA tend to have high sorption on PLA, general structures for disperse dye that may have high sorption on PLA were proposed. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 96: 416–422, 2005
Crystallographic studies of azide binding to human carbonic anhydrase II (1993)

The crystal structures of human carbonic anhydrase II (CAII) at pH 5.7 and 8.0 have been determined at 0.21‐nm resolution in the presence of 20 mM azide, which is a noncompetitive inhibitor of the CAII‐catalyzed CO 2 hydration reaction. Although azide often facilitates the crystallization of CAII and its variants, this small anion does not cause any significant structural changes in the enzyme active site or in the overall protein structure, and zinc coordination remains tetrahedral over the pH range 5.7–8.0. Importantly, the binding of azide at pH 8.0 has implications for the zinc‐binding mode of the catalytic product, bicarbonate ion. Since azide is a competitive inhibitor of the reverse reaction of bicarbonate dehydration, and since the zinc‐bound azide nitrogen makes a non‐hydrogen‐bonded van der Waals contact with the hydroxyl group of Thr199, it is possible that a zinc‐bound bicarbonate oxyanion could likewise make a non‐hydrogen‐bonded, van der Waals contact with the hydroxyl group of Thr199. Therefore, the donation of a hydrogen bond to Thr199 is not absolutely required for anion binding to tetracoordinate zinc.
Particle-Based Score Estimation for State Space Model Learning in Autonomous Driving (2022)

Multi-object state estimation is a fundamental problem for robotic applications where a robot must interact with other moving objects. Typically, other objects' relevant state features are not directly observable, and must instead be inferred from observations. Particle filtering can perform such inference given approximate transition and observation models. However, these models are often unknown a priori, yielding a difficult parameter estimation problem since observations jointly carry transition and observation noise. In this work, we consider learning maximum-likelihood parameters using particle methods. Recent methods addressing this problem typically differentiate through time in a particle filter, which requires workarounds to the non-differentiable resampling step, that yield biased or high variance gradient estimates. By contrast, we exploit Fisher's identity to obtain a particle-based approximation of the score function (the gradient of the log likelihood) that yields a low variance estimate while only requiring stepwise differentiation through the transition and observation models. We apply our method to real data collected from autonomous vehicles (AVs) and show that it learns better models than existing techniques and is more stable in training, yielding an effective smoother for tracking the trajectories of vehicles around an AV.
Optimizing Amine Process Design Using Liquid Phase Turbochargers (2015)

Acid gas removal is a critical process step in natural gas processing and syngas production for ammonia and other uses. Application of a liquid phase turbocharger to the acid gas removal unit (AGRU) results in significant energy savings and improvement to reliability, availability and maintainability (RAM) of the plant. This paper describes conventional configurations with high pressure pumps and new configurations utilizing liquid phase turbochargers. Design of the equipment, process operations and controls and reliability analysis are included. The results of a RAM study comparing conventional configurations to those incorporating liquid phase turbochargers in multiple cases are also presented. From the RAM study, it can be concluded that flow sheet configurations that include a liquid phase turbocharger consistently provide lower plant downtime and maintenance costs as compared with conventional flow sheet configurations. This is in addition to the energy savings that result from energy recovery with the application of the liquid phase turbocharger to the AGRU. For the reference plant used in the study, the maintenance cost savings are as great as $2.5M over the 20 year lifetime of the plant and average annual downtime reduction is as much as 19.8 hours.
Quantitative Determination of Thapsigargins in Roots and Fruits fromThapsia gymnesica (1997)

Three sesquiterpene lactones, thapsigargin, thapsigargicin, and nortrilobolid, and 6-methoxy-7-geranyloxycoumarin have been isolated from the roots of Thapsia gymnesica (Apiaceae) for the first time. The concentrations of the three thapsigargins in the roots and the fruits have been determined by HPLC analysis.
Structure and Dynamics of Lysozyme Encapsulated in a Silica Sol−Gel Matrix (2007)

Proteins entrapped in sol-gel matrices have been extensively studied during the last 15 years, showing that most of them can be encapsulated with retention of their native structure and functionality and with enhanced stability. However, relatively little is known about the structural and dynamical details of the biomolecule-matrix interactions. To achieve this goal, the model protein hen egg white lysozyme (HEWL) has been entrapped in sol-gel matrices prepared from tetraethyl orthosilicate through an alcohol-free sol-gel route, and the photophysical properties of its fluorescent tryptophans have been determined using both steady-state and time-resolved fluorescence techniques. By combining fluorescence spectra, quenching experiments, lifetimes, and time-resolved fluorescence anisotropy measurements, we have obtained information on the structure, dynamics, and solvation properties of the entrapped protein. Our results show that the environment of HEWL within the silica pore as well as its internal dynamics is similar to that in aqueous solution, except that the protein showed no or, depending on conditions, very much slower global motion but retained its internal angularly restricted (hindered) segmental rotation upon entrapment. The experiments carried out at different experimental conditions indicate that, below the isoelectric point of the protein, a strong electrostatic interaction is established between the protein molecule and the negatively charged sol-gel walls, which is ultimately responsible for the total arrest of the overall rotation of the protein, but without significant effect upon its segmental rotational relaxation. The electrostatic nature of the interaction is clearly established since either reducing the positive charge of the protein (by increasing the pH toward its isoelectric point) or increasing the ionic strength of the solution (shielding against the attractive interaction) leads to a situation in which the protein freely rotates within the matrix pore, albeit an order of magnitude more slowly than that in free solution under similar macroscopic solution conditions, and still retains its segmental rotational properties.
Mechanisms of 5′-Inosinic Acid Accumulation by. Permeability Mutants ofBrevibacterium ammoniagenes. II. Sensitivities of a Series of Mutants to Various Drugs (1983)

A series of mutants of Brevibacterium ammoniagenes selected for increased productivity of 5′-inosinic acid (5′-IMP) after successive mutational works were analyzed for the level of sensitivity to a variety of drugs. It was found that the series of mutants exhibited variations in sensitivity to various drugs such as antibiotics, detergents, dyes and lysozyme. The most notable alterations were found in a Mn-insensitive mutant, KY13171, and a guanine auxotrophic mutant, KY13184, compared to each parent mutant. Furthermore, it was found that increased 5′-IMP productivity was always accompanied by increased sensitivity to deoxycholate and lysozyme, and that both the increased level of 5′-IMP production and increased degrees of sensitivity to these two drugs in all steps of mutation were not so drastic, but progressive.
Genetic polymorphisms in warfarin and tacrolimus-related genes VKORC1, CYP2C9 and CYP3A5 in the Greek-Cypriot population (2014)

Our data show no significant difference in the frequency of CYP2C9 and CYP3A5 allelic variants when compared to the Caucasian population, but differ significantly when compared with Africans and Asians (p < 0.001). Also, the frequency of variant VKORC1 - 1639A differs between Greek-Cypriots and every other population we compared. Finally, about 1/5 Greek-Cypriots carry three or four risk alleles and ~50% of them carry at least two independent risk alleles regarding warfarin sensitivity, a potentially high risk for over-anticoagulation.
Still Haunted: Tending to The Ghosts of Marriage And Motherhood in White Feminist Critiques of Beyoncé Knowles-Carter and Michelle Obama (2015)

This chapter looks at the historical and current tensions between white feminism and Black feminism(s) through a lens of the sociological concept of haunting. With historical context, it examines the critiques of Beyoncé Knowles-Carter and Michelle Obama made by white feminists of the 21st century. It draws heavily on the work of Brittney Cooper, Avery Gordon, Ida B. Wells, Audre Lorde, Crunk Feminist Collective, The Combahee River Collective, and Roderick A. Ferguson. In identifying some of the ghosts that continue to haunt the national imagination of Black womanhood, and hinder white feminist critiques of Black feminists, it argues for the acknowledgment of a spectrum of feminisms that tend to intersectionality and recognize the intrinsic power of Black motherhood and Black love.
Th2-Cell-Mediated Chemokine Synthesis Is Involved in Allergic Airway Inflammation in Mice (2006)

Eosinophilic inflammation in the bronchial mucosa has been recognized as a prominent pathological feature of bronchial asthma. Th2 cells have been implicated in the local infiltration and activation of eosinophils. The migration of eosinophils as well as Th2 cells is controlled by chemokines, suggesting a crucial role of chemokines in the pathogenesis of bronchial asthma. To elucidate the mechanism by which Th2 cells induce eosinophilic inflammation, a Th2-cell-dependent murine model of asthma was employed in this study. Along with the infiltration of eosinophils and antigen-specific Th2 cells, CC chemokine receptor-3-active eotaxin, monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-3 and RANTES, as well as CC chemokine receptor-3-inactive MCP-1 were produced in the lungs of Th2-cell-transferred mice after antigen provocation in vivo. On the other hand, differentiated antigen-specific Th2 cells produced MCP-3 and RANTES but not eotaxin or MCP-1 upon stimulation in vitro. Chemokines synthesized by Th2 cells and other cell types are involved in the development of eosinophilic inflammation in bronchial asthma.
Glycine modulators in schizophrenia. (2002)

N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor dysfunction may play a key role in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. Recent studies have investigated the ability of NMDA/glycine-site modulators to ameliorate persistent negative and cognitive symptoms. Several full or partial glycine-site agonists, including glycine, D-serine and D-cycloserine, have shown effectiveness in small-scale clinical trials. Glycine levels in brain are regulated by GLYT1-type glycine transporters. Recently developed glycine transport inhibitors (GTI) have preclinical behavioral effects similar to those of glycine or D-serine, and may represent a 'next generation' approach to the treatment of the persistent negative and cognitive symptoms of schizophrenia.
Measurements of Oxides of Nitrogen Emissions from Turbulent Propane Jet Diffusion Flames (1989)

Measurements of global emission indices for NO and NO,were made in unconfined,vertical,propane jet diffusion flames. Initial fuel jet velocities were varied to provide a range of jet Reynolds numbers from 10000 to 60000. The measurements showed that scaling of NO, emission indices with velocity changes as the flame character changes from transitional-turbulent (Re ≈ 10000) to fully turbulent (Re > 20000). At the lower Re condition. the observed scaling approaches that reported in the literature for similar conditions. Arguments are presented to show that radiation losses from the flames may account for the observed scaling. Significant amounts ofN02 were found in the flame plumes. The variation of NO2/NOx, ratios with jet velocity and with radial position was consistent with the hypothesis that NO2is formed in the cooler post-flame regions. in agreement with the findings of others for CO and CO/H2 fueled diffusion flames.
Comparative Investigation and Analysis of Encapsulant Degradation and Glass Abrasion in Desert Exposed Photovoltaic Modules (2021)

In 2015, a comparative study of different PV modules was started at the Outdoor Test Field (OTF) in the DEWA R&D Center at the MBR Solar Park, Dubai. Five monofacial module types (multi- and monocrystalline silicon) were investigated. Various non-destructive techniques such as current-voltage analysis, electroluminescence and ultraviolet fluorescence imaging, microscopic visual inspection and quantum efficiency analysis were used. The findings show the presence of signature patterns to identify encapsulant degradation in ultraviolet fluorescence images, with different shapes and severities. Microscopic visual inspection was also used to examine glass abrasion and yellowing. Quantum efficiency measurements at short wavelengths showed UV-blocker penetration.
Magnetic detwinning and biquadratic magnetic interaction in EuFe2As2 revealed by Eu153 NMR (2020)

In the nematic state of iron-based superconductors, twin formation often obscures the intrinsic, anisotropic, in-plane physical properties. Relatively high in-plane external magnetic fields ${H}_{\mathrm{ext}}$ greater than the typical laboratory-scale magnetic fields 10--15 T are usually required to completely detwin a sample. However, recently a very small in-plane ${H}_{\mathrm{ext}}\ensuremath{\sim}0.1$ T was found to be sufficient for detwinning the nematic domains in ${\mathrm{EuFe}}_{2}{\mathrm{As}}_{2}$. To explain this behavior, a microscopic theory based on biquadratic magnetic interactions between the Eu and Fe spins has been proposed. Here, using $^{153}\mathrm{Eu}$ nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) measurements below the ${\mathrm{Eu}}^{2+}$ ordering temperature, we show experimental evidence of the detwinning under small in-plane ${H}_{\mathrm{ext}}$. Our NMR study also reveals the evolution of the angles between the Eu and Fe spins during the detwinning process, which provides experimental evidence for the existence of biquadratic coupling in the system.
Access to Assisted Reproductive Technologies in Chile (2014)

Assisted reproductive technology (ART) is present in almost all Latin American countries. However, it is accessible only to few couples, those who have the economic capacity to cover out of pocket funding. The number of initiated cycles per year in Chile covers less than 4% of the population who would theoretically need treatment. It corresponded to 609 cycles per 1.000.000 women between 18 and 45 years in 2009. This is in contrast with the reality of several European countries, where the numbers can be as high as 20,000 cycles per million women in reproductive age. Although availability of ART treatments is a reality in almost every country in the region, this inequality in the access is mainly due to socioeconomic reasons, which are discussed in this article.
Synthesis of High Molecular Weight Polybenzoxazoles in Polyphosphoric Acid and Investigation of their Hydrolytic Stability under Acidic Conditions (2005)

Studies on the synthesis of high molecular weight polybenzoxazoles (PBOs) in polyphosphoric acid (PPA) and investigations of their hydrolytic stability in aqueous methanesulfonic acid are described. The polymerization of PBOs based upon 2,2′-bis(3-amino-4-hydroxyphenyl)-hexafluoropropane (6FAP) and 4,4′-oxydibenzoic acid (ODBA) was investigated as a function of the percentage of P2 O5 content in PPA, polymerization temperature, percentage monomer (total weight of monomers/weight of monomers plus PPA), and reaction time. It was found that the percentage of P2 O5 content was the most important polymerization variable and that PPA with more than 85% P2 O5 content was required to achieve high molecular weight PBOs. Hydrolytic stability of PBOs prepared from selecting 6FAP and either ODBA, isophthalic acid (IA), or terephthalic acid (TA) was investigated by solution viscosity measurements, 1 HNMR and FTIR spectroscopy. The hydrolysis experiments were conducted in aqueous methanesulfonic acid solutions at room temperature, 50, and 80° C. The 6FAP/ODBA PBO showed improved stability over time with respect to the 6FAP-IA and 6FAP-TA PBOs, which may be due to the decreased electrophilicity of the carbon atom of the oxazole ring. But, the inherent viscosities of all the PBOs decreased over time and 1 H-NMR and FTIR spectroscopic evidence for chain scission was obtained. Benzoxazole model compounds, 2,2′-Bis(2-phenylbenzoxazol-6-yl)hexafluoropropane, 2,2′-bis[2-(4-phenoxyphenyl)benzoxazol6-yl]hexafluoropropane, were synthesized from selecting 6FAP and ether 4-phenoxybenzoic acid or benzoic acid in N -cyclohexylpyrrolidinone. Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopic data provided direct evidence of hydrolysis of oxazole functional groups.