gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
CONVERSION ATTRIBUTION BASED ON VIEWABLE IMPRESSIONS (2016)

Viewable View Through Conversion (vVTC) are introduced in this publication. vVTC is a way to attribute view­through conversion events back to the impressions that deserve credit for them. vVTC may measure viewability for each impression and attribute conversions to impressions based in part on the measured viewability of each impression. In some implementations, vVTC considers only viewable impressions for attribution. 6 4818­9499­4984.2 7 Defensive Publications Series, Art. 213 [2016] http://www.tdcommons.org/dpubs_series/213
StackGAN++: Realistic Image Synthesis with Stacked Generative Adversarial Networks (2018)

Although Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) have shown remarkable success in various tasks, they still face challenges in generating high quality images. In this paper, we propose Stacked Generative Adversarial Networks (StackGANs) aimed at generating high-resolution photo-realistic images. First, we propose a two-stage generative adversarial network architecture, StackGAN-v1, for text-to-image synthesis. The Stage-I GAN sketches the primitive shape and colors of a scene based on a given text description, yielding low-resolution images. The Stage-II GAN takes Stage-I results and the text description as inputs, and generates high-resolution images with photo-realistic details. Second, an advanced multi-stage generative adversarial network architecture, StackGAN-v2, is proposed for both conditional and unconditional generative tasks. Our StackGAN-v2 consists of multiple generators and multiple discriminators arranged in a tree-like structure; images at multiple scales corresponding to the same scene are generated from different branches of the tree. StackGAN-v2 shows more stable training behavior than StackGAN-v1 by jointly approximating multiple distributions. Extensive experiments demonstrate that the proposed stacked generative adversarial networks significantly outperform other state-of-the-art methods in generating photo-realistic images.
Flow computation on massive grids (2001)

As detailed terrain becomes available, GIS applications target larger geographic areas at finer resolutions. Processing the massive data presents significant challenges to GIS systems and demands algorithms that are optimized for both data movement and computation.In this paper we develop effcient algorithms for flow routing on massive terrains, extending our previous work on flow accumulation. Our implementations of these algorithms constitute the first comprehensive terrain flow software system designed and optimized for massive data. We compare the performance of our system, called TERRAFLOW, with that of state of the art commercial and open-source GIS systems. On large terrains, TERRAFLOW outpreforms existing systems by a factor of 2 to 1000, and is capable of solving problems of a scope and scale that are impractical with previous algorithms.
Performance and aging of a high power 2-D laser diode array (1990)

The effects of shot life on the output power, spectrum, near field, and far field patterns of a high power laser diode array have been measured and are reported, along with a description of the apparatus used to perform the measurements. The array operated for a total of 5.9 x 10(7) shots at a power output equivalent to 1 kW/cm(2). A 23% degradation in output power was observed, accompanied by a 3-nm red shift of the emission maximum. The effects of the measured drop in performance are particularly relevant to the application of these devices for pumping solid state lasers.
Maskinstyrning i 2D och 3D : kontrollmätning av noggrannheter på grävsystem (2009)

Idag finns det många olika leverantörer av maskinstyrningssystem och de flesta tillverkare av mätinstrument har ett eget grävsystem. Den största leverantören på svenska marknaden är Scanlaser som enligt dem själva levererat 9 av 10 grävsystem som idag används. Fler leverantörer är på väg in på marknaden vilket medför att det blir större konkurrens. Topcon, Novatron och Trimble är några tillverkare som är på stark frammarsch. Tekniken som används idag är likvärdig hos de flesta leverantörer. På maskinen monteras olika sensorer och kopplas till en kontrollbox som grafiskt visar skopans läge mot ett teoretiskt höjdplan. Detta system går även att koppla till ett mer avancerat system som använder sig av GNSS eller totalstation. Även planlaser går att använda sig av som stöd när höjder ska bestämmas med maskinstyrning men för att detta ska fungera måste en lasermottagare monters på grävmaskinens bom. Noggrannheten i olika system är enligt de säljare som kontaktats likvärdig för alla olika leverantörer. De skillnader som eventuellt finns sitter i sensorerna eller i hur grävsystemen kalibreras. Kalibreringen sker med en totalstation och sensorerna mäts in för att ges ett läge från grävmaskinens bomfäste. Avstånd och höjd mellan bomfästet och GNSS-antennerna samt höjder till dessa, måste mätas in när maskinstyrning med GNSS ska användas. Vid användning av totalstation mäts prismat in och monteras på samma plats som GNSS-antennerna annars sitter. En ekonomisk kalkyl som Scanlaser presenterat visar att ett grävsystem går att tjäna in på 7-9 månader, samt att effektiviteten med maskinstyrning ökar med cirka 30 %. Även andra leverantörer hävdar att effektiviteten ökar med cirka 30 % men någon ekonomisk kalkyl från dessa är inte studerade. Även effektivitet, för- och nackdelar samt tidsvinter med "Enkel-GPS", "Dubbel-GPS" och "Trippel-GPS" har tagits upp i rapporten. Studierna visar att maskinstyrning lönar sig men att det finns ett problem med höjdmätning då GNSS används. Beroende av kraven på noggrannhet för arbetets utförande kan det i vissa fall lämpa sig bättre att använda laser eller totalstation istället för GNSS då noggrannheten i höjd inte är konsekvent.
T helper cell priming of mice to Borrelia burgdorferi Osp A leads to induction of protective antibodies following experimental but not tickborne infection (1997)

Antibodies to the outer surface lipoprotein A (OspA) of Borrelia burgdorferi confer protection to SCID mice against subsequent tick-borne or experimental infection. However, OspA-specific antibodies are hardly detectable in naturally infected humans, dogs, hamsters and mice. This is most probably due to limited expression of OspA on spirochetes transmitted from the vector to the host. Here we have tested whether T cell priming of mice would lead to the induction of protective OspA-specific antibodies upon infection. It is shown that AKR/N mice, previously immunized with either a single T helper cell peptide of OspA, or a mixture of 27 peptides spanning the entire molecule, develop OspA-specific IgM or IgG antibodies, including those to a prominent protective B cell epitope of OspA. LA-2, within 7 days of infection with low doses (10(3)) of culture-derived spirochetes. In marked contrast, the same groups of pre-sensitized mice failed to generate any detectable OspA-specific antibodies after tick-borne infection for more than 40 days after infection. All mice, irrespective of their state of T cell immunity to OspA or the mode of infection, produced similar levels of OspC-specific IgM and IgG antibodies as early as day 14 after infection. None of the mice previously immunized with OspA peptides were protected against experimental infection, in spite of the appearance of protective antibodies. It is clear from these data that, in contrast to culture-derived spirochetes, the naturally transmitted pathogen fails to express OspA within the mammalian host at levels sufficient for induction of B cell responses, even in the presence of pre-activated T helper cells. Together with the fact that OspA-specific antibodies are mainly operative by eliminating spirochetes from the vector during infestation, the data suggest that OspA-vaccination for T helper cell immunity alone is not sufficient to prevent Lyme disease.
Controlled breathing protocols probe human autonomic cardiovascular rhythms (1998)

The purpose of this study was to determine how breathing protocols requiring varying degrees of control affect cardiovascular dynamics. We measured inspiratory volume, end-tidal CO2, R-R interval, and arterial pressure spectral power in 10 volunteers who followed the following 5 breathing protocols: 1) uncontrolled breathing for 5 min; 2) stepwise frequency breathing (at 0.3, 0.25, 0.2, 0.15, 0.1, and 0.05 Hz for 2 min each); 3) stepwise frequency breathing as above, but with prescribed tidal volumes; 4) random-frequency breathing (approximately 0.5-0.05 Hz) for 6 min; and 5) fixed-frequency breathing (0.25 Hz) for 5 min. During stepwise breathing, R-R interval and arterial pressure spectral power increased as breathing frequency decreased. Control of inspired volume reduced R-R interval spectral power during 0.1 Hz breathing (P < 0.05). Stepwise and random-breathing protocols yielded comparable coherence and transfer functions between respiration and R-R intervals and systolic pressure and R-R intervals. Random- and fixed-frequency breathing reduced end-tidal CO2 modestly (P < 0.05). Our data suggest that stringent tidal volume control attenuates low-frequency R-R interval oscillations and that fixed- and random-rate breathing may decrease CO2 chemoreceptor stimulation. We conclude that autonomic rhythms measured during different breathing protocols have much in common but that a stepwise protocol without stringent control of inspired volume may allow for the most efficient assessment of short-term respiratory-mediated autonomic oscillations.
Targeted Therapy for Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma (2006)

The discovery of a relationship for the VHL tumor suppressor gene, hypoxia inducible factor-1 alpha, and vascular endothelial growth factor in the growth of clear-cell renal cell carcinoma (RCC) has identified a pathway for novel targeted therapy. This study evaluated the impact of these agents on metastatic RCC (mRCC), and highlights recent phase II and III trials. A systematic review examined the clinical data for novel targeted agents in mRCC, with a focus on randomized phase II and III trials of the novel targeted agents sunitinib, temsirolimus, sorafenib, and bevacizumab. Several agents, including the small-molecule targeted inhibitors sunitinib, temsirolimus, sorafenib, and the monoclonal antibody bevacizumab, have demonstrated antitumor activity in randomized trials. Superior activity was found with sunitinib and temsirolimus versus cytokines in first-line therapy. Improved progression-free survival was reported with sorafenib and bevacizumab given second-line compared with placebo. Targeted therapies show promising activity in this disease, and they have been changing patient management. Sunitinib and sorafenib were recently approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for treatment of mRCC, These drugs are currently included in clinical practice.
Role of Founder Cell Deficit and Delayed Neuronogenesis in Microencephaly of the Trisomy 16 Mouse (2000)

Development of the neocortex of the trisomy 16 (Ts16) mouse, an animal model of Down syndrome (DS), is characterized by a transient delay in the radial expansion of the cortical wall and a persistent reduction in cortical volume. Here we show that at each cell cycle during neuronogenesis, a smaller proportion of Ts16 progenitors exit the cell cycle than do control, euploid progenitors. In addition, the cell cycle duration was found to be longer in Ts16 than in euploid progenitors, the Ts16 growth fraction was reduced, and an increase in apoptosis was observed in both proliferative and postmitotic zones of the developing Ts16 neocortical wall. Incorporation of these changes into a model of neuronogenesis indicates that they are sufficient to account for the observed delay in radial expansion. In addition, the number of neocortical founder cells, i.e., precursors present just before neuronogenesis begins, is reduced by 26% in Ts16 mice, leading to a reduction in overall cortical size at the end of Ts16 neuronogenesis. Thus, altered proliferative characteristics during Ts16 neuronogenesis result in a delay in the generation of neocortical neurons, whereas the founder cell deficit leads to a proportional reduction in the overall number of neurons. Such prenatal perturbations in either the timing of neuron generation or the final number of neurons produced may lead to significant neocortical abnormalities such as those found in DS.
Enhanced handover mechanism in long term evolution (LTE) networks (2011)

Over the past decade, there have been great interests in cellular and fixed radio access technologies for providing mobile, nomadic and fixed telecommunication services. The fast pace development of this technology and the challenges it presents due to the increasing number of user equipments and the demand to have the service on-the-go, have presented new challenges on base stations capability and the handover (HO) techniques. To address these challenges intensive researches are being carried out to define algorithms that can handle the HO decisions based on user equipment (UE) requirements and quality of service (QoS) expectations. This paper investigates the improvement steps for HO mechanisms in long term evolution (LTE) system which is being formally submitted as a candidate 4G system. LTE network is expected to support mobility with speeds of up to 500 km/h, when the HO will then become more frequent and fast. The basis of the approach is to reduce the number of unnecessary HOs. The strengths and weaknesses for each algorithm are discussed, and conclusions are subsequently made.

	 

	Key words: Long term evolution (LTE), handover/handoff (HO), user equipment (UE),ping-pong handover (HO), handover margin (HOM) time-to-trigger (TTT).
Allergiediagnostik mit dem Pricktest (2018)

Unser Körper ist ständig verschiedensten Substanzen der Umwelt ausgesetzt. Diese Substanzen können als sogenannte Allergene bei einigen Menschen allergische Symptome wie vermehrtes Niesen, Augen- und Nasenjucken, Hautreaktionen oder asthmatische Beschwerden hervorrufen. Zur Diagnosestellung einer Allergie wird neben der Eigen- und Familienanamnese noch zusätzliche Diagnostik benötigt. Der Prick-Test ist ein Standardtest der Allergiediagnostik. Mittels Pricktest können IgE-vermittelte Sensibilisierungen nachgewiesen werden, indem das Allergen an die in der Dermis liegenden IgE-Antikörper tragenden Mastzellen vermittelt wird. Durch die Aktivierung der Mastzellen werden Mediatoren, wie Histamin, freigesetzt. Die Reaktion des Körpers zeigt sich als Quaddel und Rötung an der Stelle der Haut, an der das Allergen aufgebracht wurde [1].
Multiple therapeutic pathways in malignant mesothelioma identified by genomic mapping (2020)

Abstract Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is an aggressive malignancy that lacks effective therapy. To identify therapeutic targets we integrated SNP genotyping, sequencing and transcriptomics from tumours and low-passage patient-derived cells. Previously unrecognised losses of SUFU, observed in 21% of 118 tumours, resulted in disordered expression of Hedgehog pathway transcripts and genes from the T-cell synapse, including VISTA. Co-deletion of Interferon type I genes and CDKN2A was present in half of tumours and was a predictor of poor survival. We found previously unrecognised deletions in RB1 in 26% of cases and show sub-micromolar responses to downstream PLK1, CHEK1 and Aurora Kinase inhibitors in primary MPM cells. Defects in Hippo pathways that included RASSF7 amplification and NF2 or LATS1/2 mutations were present in 50% of tumours and were accompanied by micromolar responses to the YAP1 inhibitor Verteporfin. The results indicate multiple new therapeutic avenues in MPM and include targets and biomarkers for immunotherapy. Statement of Significance We have discovered previously unreported copy number aberrations in MPM that led us to find micromolar responses of patient-derived primary cell lines to PLK1, CHEK1, Aurora Kinase and YAP1 inhibitors. Deletions of the hedgehog modulator SUFU had marked effects on the expression of T-cell synapse genes, providing a rational basis to VISTA inhibition for MPM immunotherapy.
Hospitalizations for asthma among adults exposed to the September 11, 2001 World Trade Center terrorist attack (2017)

Among enrollees with pre-9/11 asthma, comorbid PTSD and GERS were associated with an increase in asthma hospitalizations. Management of these comorbidities may be an important factor in preventing hospitalization.
High-Performance LED Drivers (2017)

The fourteen papers in this special section focus on high performance light emitting diode (LED) drivers. In recent years, as the fourth generation of light source, light-emitting diodes (LEDs) have been widely used in many applications such as street lighting, automotive, and residential lighting because of their long lifetime, low maintenance requirement, and environment friendliness. As the performance of LEDs will be influenced obviously by the drivers, researchers have shown a growing interest in optimizing the drivers. Although these problems such as current balancing, eliminating electrolytic capacitor, and improving the topologies are not new, the high-frequency high-efficiency trend of LED drivers has given rise to additional challenges. These papers provide an insight on some of the newly emerging challenges and potential solutions to overcome those issues.
Steuerung der Selbstassemblierung von dreidimensionalen Iptycenen auf Au(111) durch Abstimmung der Molekül‐Oberflächen‐Wechselwirkungen (2022)

Abstract Die Selbstassemblierung dreidimensionaler Moleküle auf Oberflächen ist bislang kaum untersucht. Ihre Adsorptionsmodi können im Vergleich zu (nahezu) planaren Molekülen, die meist flach auf Oberflächen adsorbieren, eine viel größere Variabilität aufweisen. Dieser zusätzliche Freiheitsgrad kann entscheidende Konsequenzen für die Ausprägung intermolekularer Bindungsmotive und damit für die supramolekulare Strukturbildung haben. Dabei ist es möglich die bestimmenden Molekül‐Oberflächen‐Wechselwirkungen über weite Bereiche einzustellen, was einen neuen, wirkmächtigen Hebel zur Steuerung der Kristallisation in zwei Dimensionen darstellt. Hier untersuchen wir die Selbstassemblierung von Triptycen‐Derivaten mit Anthracen‐Einheiten auf Au(111) mit Hilfe der Raster‐Tunnel‐Mikroskopie, der Röntgen‐Nahkanten‐Absorptions‐Spektroskopie und der Dichte‐Funktional‐Theorie. Der Einfluss von Molekül‐Oberflächen‐Wechselwirkungen wurde experimentell durch den Vergleich von reinen mit Jod‐passivierten Au(111) Oberflächen untersucht. Dabei beobachteten wir eine grundlegende Änderung des Adsorptionsmodus, die zur Selbstassemblierung einer grundlegend verschiedenen Struktur führte.
Microwave Dielectric Properties of Ca0.8Sr0.2TiO3–Li0.5Nd0.5TiO3 Ceramics with Near-Zero Temperature Coefficient of Resonant Frequency (2007)

The microstructure and microwave dielectric properties of (1-x)Ca0.8Sr0.2TiO3–xLi0.5Nd0.5TiO3 (x=0–1.0) were investigated. X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy results show that all samples exhibit a single perovskite structure and a dense microstructure. The order of A-site cations was observed in the structure of samples with x≥0.80 in the X-ray diffraction pattern. The dielectric constant decreased with an increase in x. The quality factor first decreased with an increase in x and then increased slightly with a further increase in x. The temperature coefficient of resonant frequency decreased from high positive values to negative values as x increased. A near-zero temperature coefficient of resonant frequency (-2.75 ppm/°C) was obtained at x=0.87. Optimized microwave dielectric properties were estimated to be (εr=111.6; Q×f=2013 GHz; τf=-2.75 ppm/°C) at x=0.87.
Visual Pathways Serving Motion Detection in the Mammalian Brain (2010)

Motion perception is the process through which one gathers information on the dynamic visual world, in terms of the speed and movement direction of its elements. Motion sensation takes place from the retinal light sensitive elements, through the visual thalamus, the primary and higher visual cortices. In the present review we aim to focus on the extrageniculo-extrastriate cortical and subcortical visual structures of the feline and macaque brain and discuss their functional role in visual motion perception. Special attention is paid to the ascending tectofugal system that may serve for detection of the visual environment during self-motion.
Effect of Heat Transfer Surface Shape in Condensation Process of CO<sub>2</sub> Refrigerant Passing Through Fine Grooves on Liquid Film Formation and Heat Transfer Characteristics (2021)

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the correlation between heat transfer surface shape, liquid film thickness, and heat transfer characteristics in the condensing process of CO2 refrigerant that passes through a fine groove in a condenser. A test flow path with a modified heat transfer surface shape was constructed, and the refrigerant condensation process was observed. As an evaluation of the condensation process, the liquid film formation and the liquid film thickness were visualized using a high-speed camera. In addition, the local heat transfer coefficient was estimated by measuring the temperature gradient near the heat transfer surface using a thermocouple. The results can be seen that the effect of the groove engraved on the heat transfer surface on the formation of the liquid film and the heat transfer characteristics are quantitatively expressed.
Improving Coherence of Superconducting Qubits and Resonators (2013)

Superconducting qubits and resonators with quality factors exceeding 107 are of great interest for quantum information processing applications. The improvement of present devices necessarily involves the consideration of participation ratios, which budget the influence of each physical component in the total energy decay rate. Experiments on compact resonators in which participation ratios were varied has demonstrated the validity of this method, yielding a two-fold improvement in quality factor. Similar experiments on compact transmon qubit devices led to a three-fold improvement over previous transmons, validating the method of participation ratios for qubits as well. Through the use of a 3D cavity, a further minimization of the participation of surface components combined with the removal of unnecessary components, produced an additional ten-fold increase in coherence times. Finally, the fluxonium qubit was redesigned in a similar minimalist environment with an improved superinductance, thus combining the advantages of the 3D architecture with the natural insensitivity to dissipation of the fluxonium, resulting in another tenfold increase in relaxation times. This large increase in relaxation and coherence times enables experiments that were previously impossible, thus preparing the field of quantum information to advance on other fronts.