gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The European Medicines Agency Approval of Axitinib (Inlyta) for the Treatment of Advanced Renal Cell Carcinoma After Failure of Prior Treatment With Sunitinib or a Cytokine: Summary of the Scientific Assessment of the Committee for Medicinal Products for Human Use (2015)

Axitinib is a tyrosine kinase inhibitor of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 1 (VEGFR-1), VEGFR-2, and VEGFR-3. Based on the positive opinion from the European Medicines Agency (EMA), a marketing authorization valid throughout the European Union (EU) was issued for the treatment of advanced renal cell carcinoma (RCC) after failure of prior treatment with sunitinib or a cytokine. The demonstration of clinical benefit for axitinib was based on a phase III, randomized, open-label, multicenter study of axitinib compared with sorafenib in patients with advanced RCC after failure of a prior systemic first-line regimen containing one or more of the following agents: sunitinib, bevacizumab plus interferon-α, temsirolimus, or cytokines. In the primary analysis, a 2-month increase in median progression-free survival (PFS) was observed for axitinib compared with sorafenib (hazard ratio [HR]: 0.665; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.544-0.812; p < .0001). In the subgroup of patients with a prior cytokine-containing regimen, the increase in median PFS associated with axitinib was 5.4 months (updated analysis, HR: 0.519; 95% CI: 0.375-0.720; p < .0001). In the subgroup of patients with prior sunitinib treatment, the increase in median PFS was 1.4 months (updated analysis, HR: 0.736; 95% CI: 0.578-0.937; p = .0063). The analysis of overall survival showed no statistically significant survival benefit of axitinib over sorafenib in patients previously treated with cytokine-containing regimens (HR: 0.813; 95% CI: 0.556-1.191) or sunitinib (HR: 0.997; 95% CI: 0.782-1.270). The most common treatment-related adverse events associated with axitinib included diarrhea, hypertension, fatigue, nausea, decreased appetite, dysphonia, and palmar-plantar erythrodysesthesia. Most of these events were mild or moderate in severity. This paper summarizes the scientific review of the application leading to approval in the EU. The detailed scientific assessment report and product information, including the summary of product characteristics, are available on the EMA website (http://www.ema.europa.eu).
Rapid Differentiation of Closely Related Candida Species and Strains by Pyrolysis-Mass Spectrometry and Fourier Transform-Infrared Spectroscopy (1998)

Two rapid spectroscopic approaches for whole-organism fingerprinting of pyrolysis-mass spectrometry (PyMS) and Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) were used to analyze a group of 29 clinical and reference Candida isolates. These strains had been identified by conventional means as belonging to one of the three species Candida albicans, C. dubliniensis (previously reported as atypical C. albicans), and C. stellatoidea (which is also closely related to C. albicans). To observe the relationships of the 29 isolates as judged by PyMS and FT-IR, the spectral data were clustered by discriminant analysis. On visual inspection of the cluster analyses from both methods, three distinct clusters, which were discrete for each of the Candida species, could be seen. Moreover, these phenetic classifications were found to be very similar to those obtained by genotypic studies which examined the HinfI restriction enzyme digestion patterns of genomic DNA and by use of the 27A C. albicans-specific probe. Both spectroscopic techniques are rapid (typically, 2 min for PyMS and 10 s for FT-IR) and were shown to be capable of successfully discriminating between closely related isolates of C. albicans, C. dubliniensis, and C. stellatoidea. We believe that these whole-organism fingerprinting methods could provide opportunities for automation in clinical microbial laboratories, improving turnaround times and the use of resources.
Cyclin D1 overexpression increases susceptibility to 4‐nitroquinoline‐1‐oxide‐induced dysplasia and neoplasia in murine squamous oral epithelium (2009)

The cyclin D1 oncogene is frequently amplified/overexpressed in oral squamous cell carcinomas. Mice with overexpression of cyclin D1 targeted to the stratified squamous epithelia of the tongue, esophagus, and forestomach develop a phenotype of epithelial dysplasia at these sites. In this study, we examined the effect of cyclin D1 overexpression on susceptibility of mice to carcinogen-induced tumorigenesis, using 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide (4NQO), an established potent oral carcinogen in mice. Cyclin D1 overexpressing mice and nontransgenic littermates were administered 4NQO (20 or 50 parts per million (ppm) in the drinking water) for 8 wk and monitored for an additional 16 wk. Histopathological analyses of the tongue revealed significantly higher severity of dysplasia in the cyclin D1 overexpression mice, compared with nontransgenic controls and with untreated controls. Moreover, only the cyclin D1 overexpression mice developed neoplastic lesions in the oro-esophageal epithelia. Examination of the dysplastic and neoplastic lesions revealed abnormal proliferation. Our findings suggest that cyclin D1 overexpression enhances susceptibility to carcinogen-induced oral tumorigenesis. These results underscore the importance of cyclin D1 in the process of oral neoplastic development. Further, they emphasize the value of this transgenic model to study the pathogenesis of oral precancer and cancer and establish it as a model system to test candidate agents for chemoprevention of upper aero-digestive cancer.
Unsupervised Perceptual Model for Color Image's Segmentation (2005)

Color segmentation is a fundamental step in image understanding. Moreover, for getting accurate color image's segmentation algorithms human being's perception of color should be considered. In this line we propose an unsupervised segmentation algorithm that is based on a fuzzy graph coloring process for representing the fuzzy color similarity degrees among neighboring pixels from a perceptual point of view. As main goal is to detect and extract the regions explaining the image, we stress the role of coloring procedures for unsupervised segmentation and fuzzy classification by means of useful, comprehensive and simple enough fuzzy graphical representations.
AN EXPERIMENTAL EVALUATION OF CENTRAL VS. PERIPHERAL INJECTION SITES FOR INTRAVENOUS DSA (1983)

Rubin, Daniel L. B.S.; Burbank, Fred H. M.D.; Bradley, Beverly R. B.S.; Brody, William R. M.D., PhD Author Information
Defibrotide for the Treatment of Hepatic Veno-Occlusive Disease: Final Results From the International Compassionate-Use Program (2016)

Hepatic veno-occlusive disease, also called sinusoidal obstruction syndrome (VOD/SOS), is an unpredictable and potentially fatal complication of hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) or nontransplantation-associated chemotherapy/radiotherapy. In cases of severe hepatic VOD/SOS, typically defined by associated multiorgan failure (MOF, also known as multiorgan dysfunction), mortality exceeds 80%. Preclinical and early clinical data have provided a rationale for defibrotide treatment in hepatic VOD/SOS. Based on this evidence and in recognition of the dismal prognosis for these patients, defibrotide was made available through an international multicenter compassionate-use program conducted from December 1998 to March 2009. Physicians participating in the program voluntarily provided demographic and outcome data for patients given defibrotide. Efficacy and safety analyses were performed using the data received for 710 treated patients. Defibrotide was given at 10, 25, 40, 60, or 80 mg/kg/day for a median of 15 days (range, 1 to 119 days). By Kaplan-Meier analysis, the estimated overall day +100 survival was 54% (58% in the 25 mg/kg/day dose group). Adverse events (AEs) were reported in 53% of patients. The most common AEs were MOF, progression of hepatic VOD/SOS, sepsis, and graft-versus-host disease, which were consistent with the AEs expected for this patient population. No clinically meaningful trends in AEs were identified by gender, age, or dose group. Safety and efficacy resultswere consistent with prior studies of defibrotide in hepatic VOD/SOS, and subgroup analyses lend support to the use of the 25 mg/kg/day dose.
Combinatorial peptide on‐resin analysis: optimization of static nanoelectrospray ionization technique for sequence determination (1999)

The optimizations of static nanoelectrospray parameters to determine peptide or mimetic sequences released from resin were explored. Several different manufacturers of probe tips were utilized and a method was developed for the direct analysis of bead-bound peptides by nanoelectrospray. The method involved minimum sample handling to assure maximum recovery from individual beads. Parameters that were explored included an inside and outside wash of the probe tip, the distance from the probe housing to the probe tip, source temperature, drying gas flow, individual tips and presence of beads. The same soluble synthetic peptide was used in all comparisons, which had a molecular weight of 717 amu. The discovery of the sequence of a bead-bound peptide was achieved. The parameters that were found to effect signal were outside wash, presence of bead and distance. There was the need for pneumatic assist to initiate electrospray on some occasions, although this generally resulted in unsatisfactory performance.
Acetate metabolism in bovine ketosis (1959)

The metabolism of intravenously injected acetate–1–C 14 was compared in normal and ketotic cows. The mean standardized specific activity of milk citrate, casein, lactose, plasma glucose, respired carbon dioxide and urine acetone was greater in the ketotic than in the normal cows, while that of milk fat was markedly decreased. The total–C 14 recovered in the milk fat within 48 hours was about 14% of the injected dose in the normal cows, but only about 3% in the ketotic cows. These results suggest that the proportion of acetate metabolized via the tricarboxylic acid cycle is increased, while milk fat synthesis from acetate is impaired during bovine ketosis. Submitted on December 15, 1958
Mol-CycleGAN: a generative model for molecular optimization (2020)

Abstract Designing a molecule with desired properties is one of the biggest challenges in drug development, as it requires optimization of chemical compound structures with respect to many complex properties. To improve the compound design process, we introduce Mol-CycleGAN—a CycleGAN-based model that generates optimized compounds with high structural similarity to the original ones. Namely, given a molecule our model generates a structurally similar one with an optimized value of the considered property. We evaluate the performance of the model on selected optimization objectives related to structural properties (presence of halogen groups, number of aromatic rings) and to a physicochemical property (penalized logP). In the task of optimization of penalized logP of drug-like molecules our model significantly outperforms previous results.
Extra-dimensional island-style FPGAs (abstract only) (1999)

No abstract available.
Retrieval of Snow Properties from the Sentinel-3 Ocean and Land Colour Instrument (2019)

The Sentinel Application Platform (SNAP) architecture facilitates Earth Observation data processing. In this work, we present results from a new Snow Processor for SNAP. We also describe physical principles behind the developed snow property retrieval technique based on the analysis of Ocean and Land Colour Instrument (OLCI) onboard Sentinel-3A/B measurements over clean and polluted snow fields. Using OLCI spectral reflectance measurements in the range 400–1020 nm, we derived important snow properties such as spectral and broadband albedo, snow specific surface area, snow extent and grain size on a spatial grid of 300 m. The algorithm also incorporated cloud screening and atmospheric correction procedures over snow surfaces. We present validation results using ground measurements from Antarctica, the Greenland ice sheet and the French Alps. We find the spectral albedo retrieved with accuracy of better than 3% on average, making our retrievals sufficient for a variety of applications. Broadband albedo is retrieved with the average accuracy of about 5% over snow. Therefore, the uncertainties of satellite retrievals are close to experimental errors of ground measurements. The retrieved surface grain size shows good agreement with ground observations. Snow specific surface area observations are also consistent with our OLCI retrievals. We present snow albedo and grain size mapping over the inland ice sheet of Greenland for areas including dry snow, melted/melting snow and impurity rich bare ice. The algorithm can be applied to OLCI Sentinel-3 measurements providing an opportunity for creation of long-term snow property records essential for climate monitoring and data assimilation studies—especially in the Arctic region, where we face rapid environmental changes including reduction of snow/ice extent and, therefore, planetary albedo.
Control of Conformational Equilibria in the Human B2 Bradykinin Receptor (2001)

A prototypic study of the molecular mechanisms of activation or inactivation of peptide hormone G protein-coupled receptors was carried out on the human B2 bradykinin receptor. A detailed pharmacological analysis of receptor mutants possessing either increased constitutive activity or impaired activation or ligand recognition allowed us to propose key residues participating in intramolecular interaction networks stabilizing receptor inactive or active conformations: Asn(113) and Tyr(115) (TM III), Trp(256) and Phe(259) (TM VI), Tyr(295) (TM VII) which are homologous of the rhodopsin residues Gly(120), Glu(122), Trp(265), Tyr(268), and Lys(296), respectively. An essential experimental finding was the spatial proximity between Asn(113), which is the cornerstone of inactive conformations, and Trp(256) which plays a subtle role in controlling the balance between active and inactive conformations. Molecular modeling and mutagenesis data showed that Trp(256) and Tyr(295) constitute, together with Gln(288), receptor contact points with original nonpeptidic ligands. It provided an explanation for the ligand inverse agonist behavior on the WT receptor, with underlying restricted motions of TMs III, VI, and VII, and its agonist behavior on the Ala(113) and Phe(256) constitutively activated mutants. These data on the B2 receptor emphasize that conformational equilibria are controlled in a coordinated fashion by key residues which are located at strategic positions for several G protein-coupled receptors. They are discussed in comparison with the recently determined rhodopsin crystallographic structure.
Analog Binary Programmable Transversal Filter. (1979)

Abstract : The objective of this program is to develop a programmable CCD (Charge-Coupled Device) circuit capable of correlating a variety of binary-coded waveforms. This analog-binary correlator will store a binary waveform as a reference, and will then compare newly arriving signals to the reference waveform. In general, the signal will be a binary code that has been corrupted in the transmission channel so that upon arrival at the receiver, it really has an analog character (i.e., the amplitude varies continuously). Analog-binary correlation techniques have an important advantage over purely digital approaches. If the analog signal is directly compared to the reference, only a single correlation channel is required, whereas a digital correlator requires a separate channel for each bit of resolution in the analog-to-digital converter. Thus, a reduction in parts count, with attendant improvements in size, cost and reliability, is realized with the CCD correlator. The correlator is an important device because correlation of binary waveforms is a function widely used in spread spectrum systems, which offer important advantages for military communications and radar applications. Spread spectrum advantages include jam resistance, reduced detectability and improved signal-to-noise ratio for given transmitter power. Thus, the device whose design is described here should be broadly useful in military systems.
Optical imaging of neuronal population dynamics in the leech central nervous system (2005)

The focus of my dissertation centers on how networks of neurons interact to generate behaviors in the medicinal leech. I used voltage-sensitive dye imaging to simultaneously record from large populations of individual neurons to ask three related questions: (1) When and in what neurons is the decision made to either swim or crawl in response to a sensory stimulus? (2) Can single neurons influence the decision between swimming and crawling? (3) Do the swimming and crawling central pattern generators (CPGs) exist as distinct neuronal circuits, or do they share some of the same circuitry in a multifunctional manner? The first question was addressed by analyzing population recordings of the time between when a stimulus is delivered and when the choice between swimming and crawling is made. The result of the analysis highlighted populations of neurons that discriminated between the two behaviors earlier than any single neuron. The second question was addressed by attempting to manipulate candidate decision-making neurons in this population. We found a neuron, cell 208, which was sufficient to bias the choice between swimming and crawling with intracellular current injection. Thus, cell 208 participates in the decision-making process. The third question was motivated by the need to understand how the two CPGs are organized. By recording ongoing swimming and crawling in the same preparation, we discovered that twice as many cells in a ganglion oscillated with crawling compared to swimming. Of the cells that oscillated with swimming, a large percentage also oscillated with crawling. We characterized two previously unidentified interneurons, one that has a multifunctional role in both swimming and crawling and one that is dedicated to crawling
ChemInform Abstract: Modification of Glycosylation as a Therapeutic Strategy (2000)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Colloidal Processing of Carbon Nanotube/Alumina Composites (2002)

Preparation of carbon nanotube (CNT)/alumina composites by a simple colloidal processing method has been reported in this paper. The surface modification process of carbon nanotubes was characterized by means of zeta potential measurements and TEM microscopy. The addition of only 0.1 wt % carbon nanotubes in the alumina composite increases the fracture toughness from 3.7 to 4.9 MPa·m1/2. Microstructure characterization, performed by SEM, showed that the bridging effect on cracks, the tight bonding between CNTs and alumina matrix, and the pullout of CNTs from matrix are possible mechanisms leading to the improvement of the fracture toughness.
Separation of Antibodies by Liquid-Liquid Aqueous Partition and by Liquid-Liquid Partition Chromatography (1998)

Abstract In this review, we describe the use of liquid-liquid aqueous partition as a method for the separation of antibodies. Water-based two-phase systems made up of polyethylene glycol and dextran have, by far, been the most frequently used systems. The distribution of a molecule in these systems depends on its exposed surface properties and is described by its partition coefficient. The separation may be performed in a single step in a batch experiment or in several steps using various forms of automated counter-current extraction methods, referred to in this review as liquid-liquid partition (LLP). The sensitivity and selectivity of the two-phase technique can be considerably improved by employing a column chromatographic approach, liquid-liquid partition chromatography (LLPC). In LLPC, the bottom-phase of the two-phase system is adsorbed onto a support and packed into a column which is eluted with the corresponding top-phase. In the first part of this review, the methodology behind UP and UPC is described and outlined in broader terms, before the properties and prestanda of the two approaches are compared. In the second part, the results obtained by LLP and LLPC on antibodies are described in more detail. This review shows, that liquid-liquid aqueous partition is a powerful tool for antibody analysis, that is for purification and fractionation, detection and separation of conformational isomeric forms, examination of surface properties related to antigen specificities and for providing new interesting information about the events upon antigen-antibody complexation and about possible ligand-induced conformational changes.
Convivência de populações de Cyperus rotundus L. com plantas de algodoeiro herbáceo (1991)

No periodo de 1982 a 1985 foram realizados tres experimentos para determinar os efeitos da convivencia de populacoes de tiririca (Cyperus rotundus L.) com plantas de algodoeiro (Gossypium hirsutum L.) cv. IAC 17. As populacoes de tiririca foram estabelecidas pelo plantio de tuberculos individualizados, pre-brotados, em numero crescente de 0 a 40 por caixa. Verificou-se, tambem, o periodo critico de convivencia da tiririca para as plantas de algodoeiro. Os resultados permitem afirmar que a tiririca refletiu significativamente em todas as medidas de crescimento do algodoeiro: altura, area foliar, numero de folhas, peso fresco e seco das folhas, peso fresco e seco do caule, numero de macas, peso fresco e seco das macas. A convivencia foi traduzida por regressoes lineares significativas, para todas essas medidas, em funcao do aumento da densidade populacional da tiririca. Populacoes de tiririca que emergiram depois de seis semanas do plantio do algodoeiro nao provocaram prejuizos para a cultura.
P767Identification of circulating miRNA-abundances in ruptured versus eroded lesions: A combined optical coherence tomography and miRNA-profiling approach in patients with acute coronary syndrome (2018)

Pathophysiology of coronary artery diseases 127duction (matching efficiency 95%, narterial group = 125, nvenous group = 250).In the arterial group, LAD was exclusively revascularized by using an arterial graft, in the venous group the LAD was revascularized by using a venous graft.The survival curves started to diverge in the complete cohort (Figure 1A) as well as in the propensity score-matched cohort (Figure 1B) five years after the surgery.Survival was significantly lower in patients with venous LAD revascularization (crude logRank p<0.001, propensity score-matched logRank p=0.043).There were no significant differences noted in perioperative myocardial infarction (p=0.839),rethoracotomy rate (p=0.887), and perioperative stroke (p=0.479).Discharge medication rate of low-dose aspirin was similar (p=0.552).Figure 1.A) Kaplan-Meier plot of the crude data B); Kaplan-Meier plot of the 1:2 propensity score matched cohort. Conclusion:The superiority of arterial grafting when revascularizing the LAD gets evident after five years of the CABG surgery and persists in the long-term follow-up.