gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Run-time requirement tracing (1993)

This work extends previous work on run-time tracing of the design activity in order to handle dependencies between design data in a uniform way, including requirements and deliverables. Each requirement is stored in a card; several cards are organized into linear hierarchical stacks. The system offers: requirement tracing, impact analysis, support for requirement analysis, automatic retracing. The contributions are: (1) the run-time property, which assures a detailed representation of dependencies, (2) the linear organization of the stacks of cards, and (3) the uniformity with which all design data, from requirements to deliverables, are treated. A prototype has been used in a real design.
Impedance control for industrial robots (2002)

A new impedance controller is presented. Special attention has been paid to all those aspects that qualify an industrial robot, including decentralized PID positional control, torsional flexibility and friction at the joints. Discussion of a single degree of freedom case proved to be valuable in the design of the impedance controller for a complete manipulator. Several experimental results obtained on a 6 degrees-of-freedom industrial robot equipped with a force/torque sensor, are given.
Verteilungsfunktionen (1977)

Vorangegangene qualitative Beschreibungen motivieren es, folgendes physikalische Modell aufzustellen, das die Grundlage dafür bietet, das Problem im Rahmen einer mathematischen Theorie zu behandeln: Es werden, wie in der kinetischen Theorie, Verteilungsfunktionen 32,27 $$\text{f(x,v,t)dxdv}$$ eingeführt, die die Wahrscheinlichkeit darstellen, daß sich ein Fahrzeug zum Zeitpunkt t zwischen x und x+dx sowie zwischen v und v+dv befindet.
Enhanced gas sensing in pristine carbon nanotubes under continuous ultraviolet light illumination (2012)

The advance of nanomaterials has opened new opportunities to develop ever more sensitive sensors owing to their high surface-to-volume ratio. However, it is challenging to achieve intrinsic sensitivities of nanomaterials for ultra-low level detections due to their vulnerability against contaminations. Here we show that despite considerable achievements in the last decade, continuous in situ cleaning of carbon nanotubes with ultraviolet light during gas sensing can still dramatically enhance their performance. For instance in nitric oxide detection, while sensitivity in air is improved two orders of magnitude, under controlled environment it reaches a detection limit of 590 parts-per-quadrillion (ppq) at room temperature. Furthermore, aiming for practical applications we illustrate how to address gas selectivity by introducing a gate bias. The concept of continuous in situ cleaning not only reveals the tremendous sensing potential of pristine carbon nanotubes but also more importantly it can be applied to other nanostructures.
Heeding the Waveform Inversion Nonlinearity by Unwrapping the Model and Data (2012)

Unlike traveltime inversion, waveform inversion provides relatively higher-resolution inverted models. This feature, however, comes at the cost of introducing complex nonlinearity to the inversion operator complicating the convergence process. We use unwrapped-phase-based objective functions to reduce such nonlinearity in a domain in which the high-frequency component is given by the traveltime inversion. Such information is packaged in a frequency-dependent attribute (or traveltime) that can be easily manipulated at different frequencies. It unwraps the phase of the wavefield yielding far less nonlinearity in the objective function than those experienced with the conventional misfit objective function, and yet it still holds most of the critical waveform information in its frequency dependency. However, it suffers from nonlinearity introduced by the model (or reflectivity), as events interact with each other (something like cross talk). This stems from the sinusoidal nature of the band-limited reflectivity model. Unwrapping the phase for such a model can mitigate this nonlinearity as well. Specifically, a simple modification to the inverted domain (or model), can reduce the effect of the model-induced nonlinearity and, thus, make the inversion more convergent. Simple examples are used to highlight such features.
Fluorescent Tag Based Metrology for Self-Assembled Molecular Devices (2007)

Directed self‐assembly is being researched as a promising alternative to manufacturing nanoscale‐devices. Properly designed self‐assembly methods may reduce the high cost of manufacturing nanoscale‐devices using lithography, at the same time pushing the device dimensions to the realm of molecular. In this paper, a method of molecular device self‐assembly is discussed. Because of the uniqueness of this method, new metrology challenges are likely to be encountered in manufacturing. To monitor the self‐assembly process, in‐line metrology systems will be needed to inspect nanotubes/nanowires, measure dimensions, test chemical properties, and provide fast feedback in real time. To meet this requirement, new techniques of micrography are needed to achieve molecular level resolution without complicated sample preparation. Also, because of water or other solvent based environments likely for self‐assembly, the future metrology systems may be required to operate in environments significantly different from those found in conventional semiconductor processing. One possible method is to exploit self assembly methods as an aid to metrology. By using fluorophores or quantum dots to tag various elements in self assembled structures we have developed a means whereby we can assess the accuracy of the self assembly process and make determinations of error rates. The paper will discuss the available technologies for suitability, drawbacks and promise to meet metrology requirements for self‐assembled molecular device fabrication.
Coplanar waveguide fed quasi-Yagi antenna (2000)

A novel coplanar waveguide fed quasi-Yagi antenna is presented. A wide bandwidth is achieved by using a broadband coplanar waveguide to a slotline balun. An X-band prototype has been realised which demonstrates a broad bandwidth (30%), –19 dB front-to-back ratio, and cross-polarisation better than -17 dB at 10 GHz.
Commercial magnetometers and their application (2013)

Applications such as geophysical exploration for minerals and oil, anti-submarine warfare, volcanology, earthquake studies, magnetic observatories, and the detection of buried objects at sites of archaeological significance require instruments that can measure small variations of the Earth's magnetic field in time and space. Other applications such as laboratory metrology, space exploration, and biomedicine may require measurements at lower or higher fields. The demand for precise measurements of magnetic fields is met in part by commercial atomic magnetometers supplied by a number of manufacturers over the last fifty years. Commercial optical magnetometers based on cesium, potassium, and helium are now firmly established. Commercial magnetometers designed for measuring anomalies in the Earth's field are typically operated as self-oscillating devices or VCO (voltage-controlled oscillator) lock-in devices with the oscillation or lock-in frequency proportional to the magnetic field. This chapter examines the specifications for atomic magnetometers, compares the most widely used approaches, describes some of the features demanded by different applications, and surveys the history of atomic magnetometers. (The online supplemental material contains a table listing many of the United States patents related to the field of atomic magnetometry.)
Abstract 12538: MICAL1 Constrains Cardiac Stress Responses and Protects Against Disease by Oxidizing CaMKII (2019)

Oxidant stress can contribute to health and disease. Here we show that invertebrates and vertebrates share a common stereospecific redox pathway that protects against pathological responses to stre...
[Modern western medical education in Fujian]. (2001)

The modem western medical education in Fujian mainly stemmed from three aspects: medical schools established by Missionary, western schools managed by government and western medical education in the Soviet District of Western Fujian. These three educational modalities promoted the development of modern western medical education in Fujian.
Positive effect of recombinant human erythropoietin on static and dynamic properties of individual red blood cells in uremic hemodialysed children1 (2016)

The deformability of RBC in uremic hemodialysed children was determined by two different micropipette techniques (apparent elastic shear modulus of RBC membrane µ; entry time te and amplitude A) in dependence on the period of rhEPO administration. At
Contractile elements and myosin light chain phosphorylation in myometrial tissue from nonpregnant and pregnant women. (1993)

Smooth muscle contraction is initiated primarily by an increase in intracellular Ca2+, Ca(2+)-dependent activation of myosin light chain kinase, and phosphorylation of myosin light chain. In this investigation, we identified pregnancy-associated alterations in myosin light chain phosphorylation, force of contraction, and content of contractile proteins in human myometrium. Steady-state levels of myosin light chain phosphorylation and contractile stress were correlated positively in both tissues, but the myometrial strips from pregnant women developed more stress at any given level of myosin light chain phosphorylation. During spontaneous contractions and during conditions that favor maximal generation of stress, the rate and extent of myosin light chain phosphorylation were attenuated in myometrial strips from pregnant women. The content of myosin and actin per milligram of protein and per tissue cross-sectional area was similar between myometrium of nonpregnant and pregnant women. Although cell size was significantly increased in tissues obtained from pregnant women, the amounts of contractile proteins per cellular cross-sectional area were similar. In addition, myosin light chain kinase and phosphatase activities were similar in the two tissues. The content of caldesmon was significantly increased in myometrium of pregnant women, whereas that of calponin (a smooth muscle-specific protein associated with the thin filaments) was not different. We conclude that adaptations of human myometrium during pregnancy include (a) cellular mechanisms that preclude the development of high levels of myosin light chain phosphorylation during contraction and (b) an increase in the stress generating capacity for any given level of myosin light chain phosphorylation.
A Tentative Classification of “Neuroses” Based on Behavioristic Consideration of the Pathogenetic Mechanisms (1993)

Pathogenetic mechanisms of "neuroses" were reconsidered based on a behavioristic framework which includes not only the traditional stimulus-response learning theory but also the concept of conflict proposed by Lewin. Most of the subtypes of "neuroses"--with the exception of panic disorder--were divided into two categories: conditioned fear-related disorders and conflict-related disorders. Phobias have been suggested to be caused by an escape or avoidance behavior motivated by an unconditioned or conditioned fear and obsessive compulsive disorder by an avoidance behavior motivated by a conditioned fear, while such disorders as posttraumatic disorder or hypochondriasis (nosophobia) were considered to be direct manifestations of conditioned fear. Generalized anxiety and depersonalization disorders were suggested to be caused by conflicts, but these conflicts seemed to persist even after the appearance of the symptoms. In contrast, appearances of conversion, somatization, somatoform pain, psychogenic fugue, or psychogenic amnesia were suggested to result in a temporary attenuation of the causative conflicts.
Silica Incorporation in the Cell Wall of the Singing Cell of Urtica dioica (1975)

Plant stinging emergences exhibit functional similarities in that they all elicit a pain response upon contact. A stinging emergence consists of an elongated stinging cell and a multicellular pedestal (Fig. 1). A recent ultrastructural investigation of these structures has revealed the ontogeny and morphology of the stinging cells differs in representative genera in the four plant families which possess such structures. A unique feature of the stinging cell of Urtica dioica is the presence of a siliceous cell wall in the apical portion of the cell. This rigid region of the cell wall is responsible for producing the needle-like apparatus which penetrates the skin. The stinging cell differentiates the apical bulbous tip early in development and the cell continues growth by intercalary addition of non-silicified wall material until maturity. The uppermost region of the stinging cell wall is entirely composed of silica (Fig. 2, 3) and upon etching with a 3% solution of HF (5 seconds), the silica is partially removed revealing the wall consisting of individualized silica bodies (Fig. 4, 5).
Redox Switches in Noise-Induced Cardiovascular and Neuronal Dysregulation (2021)

Environmental exposures represent a significant health hazard, which cumulatively may be responsible for up to 2/3 of all chronic non-communicable disease and associated mortality (Global Burden of Disease Study and The Lancet Commission on Pollution and Health), which has given rise to a new concept of the exposome: the sum of environmental factors in every individual’s experience. Noise is part of the exposome and is increasingly being investigated as a health risk factor impacting neurological, cardiometabolic, endocrine, and immune health. Beyond the well-characterized effects of high-intensity noise on cochlear damage, noise is relatively well-studied in the cardiovascular field, where evidence is emerging from both human and translational experiments that noise from traffic-related sources could represent a risk factor for hypertension, ischemic heart disease, diabetes, and atherosclerosis. In the present review, we comprehensively discuss the current state of knowledge in the field of noise research. We give a brief survey of the literature documenting experiments in noise exposure in both humans and animals with a focus on cardiovascular disease. We also discuss the mechanisms that have been uncovered in recent years that describe how exposure to noise affects physiological homeostasis, leading to aberrant redox signaling resulting in metabolic and immune consequences, both of which have considerable impact on cardiovascular health. Additionally, we discuss the molecular pathways of redox involvement in the stress responses to noise and how they manifest in disruptions of the circadian rhythm, inflammatory signaling, gut microbiome composition, epigenetic landscape and vessel function.
The Good, the Bad and the Ugly of Teaching Practice at an Open Distance Learning Institution: A Case Study (2014)

To meet the demands in an era of career-oriented education, the training of future teachers through Open Distance Learning must be scrutinised to see if it meets these demands. Especially the teaching practice aspect of training teachers through Open Distance Learning offers its own unique challenges to ensure that student teachers gain the best possible teaching experiences during this period. This is due to the Open Distance Learning environment where there is a distance in space and time between the lecturers responsible for the Teaching Practice modules and the student teachers doing their practical teaching at different schools. Teaching Practice modules are grounded in situated and experiential learning experiences. The theoretical frameworks for this study are experiential learning and situated learning theory. The data were collected from student teachers busy with their final year BEd (Intermediate Phase and Senior Phase) who had already completed their five weeks teaching practice for each of the four years. By taking note of the answers supplied by these student teachers, the lecturers endeavour to better understand the context of teaching practice within an Open Distance Learning context/environment. The data presented the following themes: students’ experiences, the mentoring process and empowerment, and finally the feasibility of conducting teaching practice at a distance. This also assists the lecturers in attending to any problems or difficulties that the student teachers identified and enables them to concentrate and build upon the positive aspects regarding their Teaching Practice modules. The findings are important as a basis for further recommendations to improve student teachers’ successes during their teaching practice period within the framework of an Open Distance Learning environment. DOI: 10.5901/mjss.2014.v5n27p610
Pluggable SDN framework for managing heterogeneous SDN networks (2020)

Summary Software‐defined networking (SDN) is a new network paradigm that is separating the data plane and the control plane of the network, making one or more centralized controllers to supervise the behaviour of the entire network. Different types of SDN controller software exist, and research dealing with the difficulties of consistently integrating these different controller types has mostly been declared future work. In this paper, the Domino framework is proposed, a pluggable SDN framework for managing heterogeneous SDN networks. In contrast to related work, the proposed framework allows research into SDN networks controlled by different types of SDN controllers attempting to standardize the northbound API of them. Domino implements a microservice plugin architecture where users can link different SDN networks to a processing algorithm. Such an algorithm allows for, eg, adapting the flows by building a pipeline using plugins that either invoke other SDN operations or generic data processing algorithms. The Domino framework is evaluated by implementing a proof‐of‐concept implementation, which is tested on the initial requirements. It achieves the modifiability and the interoperability with an average successful exchange ratio of 99.99%. The performance requirements are met for the frequently used commands with an average response time of 0.26 seconds, and the framework can handle at least 72 plugins simultaneously depending on the available amount of RAM. The proposed framework is evaluated by means of the implementation of a shortest path routing algorithm between heterogeneous SDN networks.
Active-Quenching and Gating Circuits for Single-Photon Avalanche Diodes (SPADs) (1982)

Single-photon detection by avalanche photodiodes with uniform breakdown over the junction area (single--photon avalanche diodes SPADs) is well known. The active quenching method, introduced by the authors, has been shown to avoid drawbacks of passive-quenching circuits and provide accurate operation of the devices. New active-quenching circuits are here presented. Dead times below 20 ns are obtained. A fast gating control acting directly on the photodetector has been developed, in view of timing studies with closely-spaced ultrashort light pulses.
Obstacle Detection and Alert System for Smartphone AR Users (2019)

This paper presents an obstacle detection and alert system for the pedestrians who use smartphone AR applications. The system analyzes the input camera image to extract feature points and determines whether the feature points come from obstacles ahead in the path. With the obstacle detector, two experiments were made. The first investigated the obstacle alert interfaces, and the second investigated the orientation guide interfaces that instruct users to hold their smartphones with some angles/orientations appropriate to capture the environment. Then, the best interfaces identified from the experiments were integrated and tested to examine their usability and user experiences.
Eye gaze correction for videoconferencing (2002)

This paper describes a 2D videoconferencing system with eye gaze correction. Tracking the eyes and warping the eyes appropriately each frame appears to create natural eye contact between users. The geometry of the eyes as well as the displacement of the camera with the remote user's image determines the warp. We implement this system within software, not requiring any specialized hardware.
The Risk of Skin Cancer in Psoriasis Patients Treated with UVB Therapy (2014)

Phototherapy is an effective and widely used treatment for generalised plaque psoriasis. Despite the mutagenic effects of UVB this type of therapy is still assumed to be a safe treatment option. We have performed a cross sectional study to assess the risk of skin cancer in the cohort of psoriasis patients treated with UVB. A total of 162 white patients (116 men and 46 women, mean ± standard deviation age 56.0 ± 13.5 years) were included in the study. All patients have previously been treated with UVB at least 100 times in the last 5 years. Eight patients (4.9%, 0.95 CI: 2.2-9.5%) out of the 162 included in the study had histopathologically verified skin cancer. We found that the risk of skin cancer in psoriasis patients treated with UVB correlated with the number of treatments (controlling for age) but not with the type of UVB lamp. How-ever, the overall risk of malignancy in the UVB-treated patients was not greater than in the general population.
Experimental prediction of the wavelength-dependent path-length factor for optical intrinsic signal analysis (2007)

Analysis of the optical intrinsic signal of an exposed cortex has been applied to measurement of functional brain activation. It is important for accurate measurement of concentration changes in oxygenated hemoglobin and deoxygenated hemoglobin to consider the wavelength dependence of the mean optical path lengths for the reflectance of cortical tissue. A method is proposed to experimentally estimate the wavelength dependence of the mean optical path length in cortical tissue from the multispectral reflectance of the exposed cortex without any additional instruments. The trend in the wavelength dependence of the mean optical path length estimated by the proposed method agrees with that estimated by the model-based prediction, whereas the magnitude of the wavelength dependence predicted by the proposed method is greater than that of the model-based prediction. The experimentally predicted mean optical path length minimizes the difference in the measured changes in the concentrations of the oxygenated hemoglobin and deoxygenated hemoglobin calculated from different wavelength pairs.