gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Anti-inflammatory agents inhibit the induction of leptin by tumor necrosis factor-α (2002)

Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha stimulates the secretion of the adipocyte-derived hormone leptin. However, the cellular mechanisms by which TNF-alpha influences leptin production are poorly understood. To examine this issue, epididymal fat pads were isolated from mice and cultured in recombinant murine TNF-alpha (100 ng/ml). Compared with medium-treated controls, steady-state leptin expression was increased in TNF-alpha-treated explants. Culture with inhibitors of translation (cycloheximide) or transcription (actinomycin-D) abrogated the induction of leptin following TNF-alpha. Explants were also cultured in the presence of the anti-inflammatory p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase inhibitor (SB-203580) or PG J(2) metabolite [15-deoxy-Delta(12,14)-PG J(2) (PGJ)] and then exposed to TNF-alpha. Both compounds completely abolished TNF-alpha-induced increases in leptin production. To test the relevance of this in vivo, mice were pretreated with PGJ and then given TNF-alpha. PGJ treatment markedly blunted the TNF-alpha-induced increase in leptin, TNF-alpha, and interleukin-6 gene expression in epididymal adipose tissue. Collectively, these data indicate that TNF-alpha acutely activates leptin expression and that anti-inflammatory agents can abrogate TNF-alpha-induced hyperleptinemia.
CONTRIBUTION TO THE SYNTHESIS OF ORGANIC DEUTERIUM COMPOUNDS: I. DEUTEROPOLYMETHYLENE (1950)

An improved method of preparing polymethylene, (CH 2 ) n , by the decomposition of diazomethane is described. A new polymer, polyethylidene, (CH 3 ∙CH) n , has been obtained from diazoethane by the same reaction. Diazomethane-d 2 is reported for the first time. A new deuterated polymer, (CD 2 ) n , obtained by the decomposition of diazomethane-d 2 has been synthesized.
Driver and Road Type Effects on Light-Duty Gas and Particulate Emissions (2006)

An instrumented minivan on a 30-mi (48-km) test route was used to measure second-by-second vehicle operating characteristics as well as tailpipe particulate and gas emissions. The research objectives were ( a) to quantify the variability of gas and particulate emissions between 12 drivers and ( b) to measure the relative emissions levels on freeways, signalized arterials, rural two-lane arterials, and local roads. The results reaffirm that individual drivers significantly affect emissions levels. All emissions concentrations were also systematically related to road type. Furthermore, drivers could be grouped by emissions level, but these groupings differed by pollutant and by road type. More data are needed to elucidate driver–road type interactions and to characterize the regional driver pool for more robust microscale emissions models. The relative importance of driver type compared with the importance of other factors known to affect emissions needs to be quantified. Finally, two key issues were identified as affecting the accuracy of instantaneous emissions measurements: instrument response time effects on data alignment and accurate quantification of the full range of on-road exhaust flow rates.
An 8-Bit, 40-Instructions-Per-Second Organic Microprocessor on Plastic Foil (2011)

Forty years after the first silicon microprocessors, we demonstrate an 8-bit microprocessor made from plastic electronic technology directly on flexible plastic foil. The operation speed is today limited to 40 instructions per second. The power consumption is as low as 100 μW. The ALU-foil operates at a supply voltage of 10 V and back-gate voltage of 50 V. The microprocessor can execute user-defined programs: we demonstrate the execution of the multiplication of two 4-bit numbers and the calculation of the moving average of a string of incoming 6-bit numbers. To execute such dedicated tasks on the microprocessor, we create small plastic circuits that generate the sequences of appropriate instructions. The near transparency, mechanical flexibility, and low power consumption of the processor are attractive features for integration on everyday objects, where it could be programmed as, amongst other items, a calculator, timer, or game controller.
Pharmacogenetics/pharmacogenomics and antirheumatic drugs in rheumatology (2004)

Genomic medicine has raised many expectations with regard to individualized therapies. Drug response is a complex function of many genes interacting with environmental and behavioral factors. In addition, poor prescribing, interactions between drugs and an incomplete understanding of the metabolism of many drugs, which are administered simultaneously to treat concomitant morbidities, are leading causes of the occurrence of adverse drug reactions in chronic non-inflammatory and autoimmune rheumatic diseases. Symptomatic non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, as well as disease-modifying drugs, are complicated by drop-outs (poor patient compliance) in a large percentage of patients. Even though intensive and careful monitoring is always clearly advisable, preliminary data suggest that typing of genes controlling the effects, metabolism and response of drugs might be of clinical utility to define the 'at-risk' genotype.
Supplementary material from "Human selenoprotein P and S variant mRNAs with different numbers of SECIS elements and inferences from mutant mice of the roles of multiple SECIS elements" (2016)

Dynamic redefinition of the 10 UGAs in human and mouse selenoprotein P (Sepp1) mRNAs to specify selenocysteine instead of termination, involves two 3' UTR structural elements (SECIS) and is regulated by selenium availability. In addition to the previously known human Sepp1 mRNA poly(A) addition site just 3' of SECIS 2, two further sites were identified with one resulting in 10-25% of the mRNA-lacking SECIS 2. To address function, mutant mice were generated with either SECIS 1 or SECIS 2 deleted or with the first UGA substituted with a serine codon. They were fed on either high or selenium-deficient, diets. The mutants had very different effects on the proportions of shorter and longer product Sepp 1 protein isoforms isolated from plasma, and on viability. Spatially and functionally distinctive effects of the two SECIS elements on UGA decoding were inferred. We also bioinformatically identify two selenoprotein S mRNAs with different 5' sequences predicted to yield products with different N-termini. These results provide insights to SECIS function and mRNA processing on selenoprotein isoform diversity.
Mesoionic compounds. XXXI. Preparation and cycloaddition reactions of the anhydro-4-hydroxythiazolium hydroxide system with acetylenic dipolarophiles (1974)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMesoionic compounds. XXXI. Preparation and cycloaddition reactions of the anhydro-4-hydroxythiazolium hydroxide system with acetylenic dipolarophilesK. T. Potts, E. Houghton, and U. P. SinghCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1974, 39, 25, 3627–3631Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1974Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1974https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00939a002https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00939a002research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views175Altmetric-Citations51LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
70º aniversário do biodiesel em 2007: evolução histórica e situação atual no brasil (2007)

Periodically, during petroleum shortages, vegetable oils and their derivatives have been proposed as alternatives to petroleum diesel fuel. Different approaches have been proposed, including the use of pure vegetable oils (or blends) or their derivatives. Indeed, the use of fatty-acid methyl or ethyl esters (usually known as "biodiesel") produced by alcoholysis of triacylglycerides or esterification of fatty acids was initially proposed in Belgium 70 years ago, when the first world patent was deposited. Recently, foreign dependence on diesel fuel and the petroleum crisis have increased the discussion in Brazil on starting to use alternatives to diesel fuel, being biodiesel the alternative of choice for a large petroleum diesel substitution program.
[Autogenic training in hypertensive dysregulation after aortocoronary venous bypass operation of coronary heart disease]. (1993)

The authors report on the influence of autogenous training on blood pressure at rest and under stress conditions in patients with coronary heart disease following coronary bypass operation. We investigated the influence of autogenous training on the microcirculation and the left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) as well. The results showed a significant decrease in blood pressure at rest and also an increase of muscle circulation F and of LVEF.
PERCEPTIVE DEAFNESS FOR LOW TONES (1966)

In an attempt to locate lesions in the auditory system, the author examined 46 cases of perceptive low tone deafness by various methods of hearing were bilaterally.involved and five unilaterally. Hearing was estimated by performing the tment test, temporaly threshold shift test using a Bekesy type audiometer, distorted speech perception test with use of 1200 cps low pass and 1700 cps high pass filters, and binaural hearing test using an interchannel time difference (ITD) apparatus. The vestibular function was also examined by observing spontaneous, positional and positioning netic pattern tests. Differentiation between the peripheral and the retrolabyrinthine lesions was anticipated from the results.It was concluded that the lesion in the patient of perceptive low tone deafness was peripheral, retrolabyrinthine or both, suggesting a systemic disease in the auditory system.
Microdissection of a human marker chromosome reveals its origin and a new family of centromeric repetitive DNA (1992)

A series of procedures including chromosome microdissection, sequence-independent PCR, Southern-blot-hybrid-selection-cloning and sequencing of microdissected DNA-library members were used to analyze DNA from a familial marker chromosome centromere and to determine the origin of the marker chromosome in the case of a live-born, tetraploid human infant. A new family of repetitive DNA, termed sn5 satellite, was sequenced and characterized by DNA hybridization. The sn5 satellite family appears to be primate-specific and shows a chromosome-specific distribution which parallels that of alpha satellite suprachromosomal family 2. This suprachromosomal classification is based on sequence similarity of centromeric alpha satellite DNA within particular groups of chromosomes. It has been postulated that the similarity of alphoid sequences within each of the three suprachromosomal families results from homologous exchanges between nonhomologous chromosomes within each family. The parallel distribution of sn5 satellite sequences at the centromeres of chromosomes of alphoid suprachromosomal family 2 suggests that homologous exchanges between non-homologous chromosomes may be the basis of simultaneous chromosome-specific sequence conservation for multiple centromeric satellite DNA families.
Evaluation of Performance of Industrial-Scale Dual Fluidized Bed Gasifiers Using the Chalmers 2–4-MWth Gasifier (2013)

A general approach to evaluating the performance of industrial-scale dual fluidized bed (DFB) gasifiers was developed in this work. The approach is intended to simplify comprehensive evaluation of DFB gasifiers and to highlight important parameters, some of which are often missed or omitted in the literature. By applying this procedure, experimental results can be generalized, which is verified in this work using the Chalmers 2–4-MWth DFB gasifier. In a DFB gasifier, some of the fuel is converted to the desired calorific gas, while the remaining portion is combusted to meet the heat demands of the process. As shown here, the total heat demands limit the amount of chemical energy that can be restored from the fuel into the produced gas, whereby the main heat demands are from the drying and heating of the fuel, in addition to heating the combustion air and steam. By establishing a heat balance across the system, the chemical efficiency can be estimated. With lower heat demands, higher chemical efficiency is achievable, whereas with higher heat demands, more of the fuel must be burned and a lower chemical efficiency is achieved. It is experimentally complicated to quantify the level of fuel conversion and heat demands of a DFB gasification system. In this work, an experimental procedure is presented and implemented using the Chalmers gasifier to quantify the fuel conversion and heat demands. Furthermore, it was investigated how a variation in the amount of steam used for fluidization of the gasifier affects fuel conversion and other important parameters. To establish a reference case, silica sand was used as bed material and wood pellets was used as fuel to minimize the effects of ash and the bed material. By increasing the level of fluidization steam, the average residence time of the gas was decreased and the gas temperature, gas velocity, and steam-to-fuel ratio were increased, which resulted in increased conversion (up to 36%) of organic compounds (OC). However, limited char conversion was achieved (0%–4%), and the chemical efficiency remained unaffected by the amount of steam added to the process. The chemical efficiency of the Chalmers gasifier was determined to be 74% when using wood pellets as fuel. This is comparable to results from thermo-economic modeling of second-generation biofuels production processes, which, based on the heat demand, report the chemical efficiency of the DFB gasifier as being in the range of 74%–77% to maximize the overall efficiency. This shows that the required chemical efficiency is achieved, even with low char conversion, when using a fuel with a high content of volatiles, such as wood pellets.
Octreotide s.c. depot provides sustained octreotide bioavailability and similar IGF‐1 suppression to octreotide LAR in healthy volunteers (2015)

Octreotide s.c. depot provides greater octreotide bioavailability with a more rapid onset and stronger suppression of IGF-1 than octreotide LAR in healthy volunteers.
Genetic Expectations of Quantitative Trait Loci Main and Interaction Effects Obtained With the Triple Testcross Design and Their Relevance for the Analysis of Heterosis (2008)

Interpretation of experimental results from quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping studies on the predominant type of gene action can be severely affected by the choice of statistical model, experimental design, and provision of epistasis. In this study, we derive quantitative genetic expectations of (i) QTL effects obtained from one-dimensional genome scans with the triple testcross (TTC) design and (ii) pairwise interactions between marker loci using two-way analyses of variance (ANOVA) under the F(2)- and the F(infinity)-metric model. The theoretical results show that genetic expectations of QTL effects estimated with the TTC design are complex, comprising both main and epistatic effects, and that genetic expectations of two-way marker interactions are not straightforward extensions of effects estimated in one-dimensional scans. We also demonstrate that the TTC design can partially overcome the limitations of the design III in separating QTL main effects and their epistatic interactions in the analysis of heterosis and that dominance x additive epistatic interactions of individual QTL with the genetic background can be estimated with a one-dimensional genome scan. Furthermore, we present genetic expectations of variance components for the analysis of TTC progeny tested in a split-plot design, assuming digenic epistasis and arbitrary linkage.
Rhenium oxohalides: Synthesis and crystal structures of ReO3Cl(THF)2, ReOCl4(THF), Re2O3Cl6(THF)2, and Re2O3Cl6(H2O)2 (2007)

Convenient methods to prepare solvated rhenium oxochlorides are described; these compounds should serve as useful starting materials for rhenium chemistry. Treatment of perrhenic acid, HReO(4), with chlorotrimethylsilane or with thionyl chloride, followed by addition of tetrahydrofuran, forms the new oxochloride complexes ReO(3)Cl(THF)(2) and ReOCl(4)(THF), respectively. Small amounts of two dinuclear oxochlorides, which evidently resulted from adventitious hydrolysis, were also isolated: Re(2)O(3)Cl(6)L(2), where L = THF or H(2)O. All four compounds were characterized by X-ray crystallography. The rhenium(vii) complex ReO(3)Cl(THF)(2) adopts a distorted octahedral geometry in which the three oxo ligands are in a facial arrangement; the rhenium(vi) complex ReOCl(4)(THF) adopts a trans octahedral structure. The two dinuclear rhenium(vi) compounds both have a single, nearly linear, bridging oxo group; on each Re center, the three terminal chlorides adopt a mer arrangement, and the terminal oxo and the coordinated Lewis base are mutually trans. The water ligand in the aqua complex is hydrogen bonded to nearby THF molecules. IR data are given.
A multi-stimuli responsive, self-assembling, boronic acid dipeptide (2015)

Modification of the dipeptide of phenylalanine, FF, with a boronic acid (BA) functionality imparts unique aqueous self-assembly behavior that responds to multiple stimuli. Changes in pH and ionic strength are used to trigger hydrogelation via the formation of nanoribbon networks. Furthermore, we show for the first time that the binding of polyols to the BA functionality can modulate a peptide between its assembled and disassembled states.
Energy-efficient real-time scheduling in IEEE 802.11 wireless LANs (2003)

Energy constraint has become an important factor in the design of MAC protocols. This paper addresses the issue of providing deterministic timing guarantees in the wireless LAN while minimizing energy consumption of the wireless nodes. We present a centralized energy efficient algorithm, Scheduled Contention Free Burst (S-CFB), which is built upon the recently proposed Hybrid Coordination Function (HCF) in the IEEE 802.11 standard. Two mechanisms are proposed: 1) bundling message transmissions into multiple contention free bursts in order to reduce control overhead; 2) allowing wireless nodes to sleep by avoiding preemption whenever possible. Our performance stud), shows that SCFB meets the timing requirement for real-time messages, allows wireless nodes to switch to idle state for a longer period of time, and reduces the number of control frames required to maintain contention free transmission.
An Investigation of Concurrent Error Detection over Binary Galois Fields in CNTFET and QCA Technologies (2012)

Permanent and temporary transient faults are the main concern in modern very large scale integrated circuits (VLSI). The main reason for such high vulnerability of the modern integrated circuit is their high integration density. Miniaturization of devices resulted in scaling their properties along with their size and thus making them a subject to induced faults and permanent faults. As the research progresses towards shrinking the technology even further to 15nm or below with potential CMOS replacement strategies such as carbon nano-tube field effect transistors (CNTFET) and quantum cellular automata (QCA) cells, the notion of fault susceptibility increases even further. Owing to these facts, this paper investigates the performance of standard concurrent error detection (CED) scheme over CNTEFETs and QCA technologies using normal basis (NB) finite field multiplier circuit as a test bench. The results are then compared with their CMOS equivalents which are believed to be the first reported attempt to the best of the authors'knowledge. The detailed experimental analysis of CMOS with CNTFET design proves that the emerging technologies perform better for error tolerant designs in terms of area, power, and delay as compared to its CMOS equivalent.
Enhanced gain, low voltage, rail-to-rail buffer amplifier suitable for energy harvesting (2017)

A CMOS subthreshold rail-to-rail input-output buffer amplifier suitable for energy harvesting applications is presented, having high gain (A <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">V</inf> ) of ∼ 130dB, consuming ultra low currents (I <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">DD</inf> ) of ∼ 150nA, and operating with low power supply voltage (V <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">DD</inf> ) > ∼ 0.8v. Contributions of this work are the synthesis of the following attributes: First, using a single transistor, the amplifier input stage's tail current is steered between the two PMOSFET input pairs, while one of the PMOSFET pairs is level shifted by a pair of NMOSFET source followers, which keeps the amplifier's input stage transconductance (gm) roughly constant while the inputs span rail-to-rail. Second, to boost folded cascode transconductance amplifier's (FCTA) A <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">V</inf> , the proposed plurality of regulated cascode (RGC) current mirrors (CM) utilize a small size auxiliary amplifier, containing the same type and un-scaled FETs as that of the cascoded CMs employed within the FCTA. As such, the boosting of AV is less impeded by the otherwise higher impedance and high capacitance associated with scaled FETs, utilized in most prior art, in the RGC's auxiliary amplifier's signal path. Moreover, the RGC-CM utilizing the same FET, as that of the FCTA's CM, provides more consistency in FCTA's DC, AC, and dynamic response over process and operating condition variations. Third, a buffer driver containing a Minimum Current Selector (MCS) and an inverting current mirror amplifier (ICMA) controls the quiescent current of the inactive output transistors (FETs), while a complementary noninverting current mirror (CNICM) curbs the current waste attributed to monitoring the FET's (external load) currents. The output buffer driver is inherently fast and can work at low VDD, since it operates mainly in current mode. Montecarlo (MC) and worst case (WC) simulations indicate the following specifications are achievable: input voltage range rail to rail; output voltage range ∼ 10mV from the rails; resistive load (RL) 5K ohms capability; unity gain frequency (fu) ∼ 200KHz and phase margin (PM) ∼ 40 degrees; power supply rejection ratio (PSRR) ∼ −90dB; common mode rejection ratio (CMRR) ∼ −110dB; slew rate (SR) ∼ 3V/ 10uS; settling time (ts) ∼ 15uS; size ∼130um/side.
Materiais híbridos orgânico-inorgânicos (ormosil) obtidos por sol-gel com potencial uso como filtro solar (2011)

This work aimed at the synthesis and characterization of particles of modified silica containing the organic filter dibenzoylmethane (DBM) by the hydrolytic sol-gel method, with modifications to the Stöber route. The structures of the resulting Xerogels were characterized by diffuse reflectance UV-VIS spectroscopy in the solid state, infrared absorption spectroscopy, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and 29Si Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (29Si NRM). The results showed favorable formation of hybrid organic-inorganic nanoparticles with efficient absorption/reflectance of radiation in the UV / VIS range, which enables their potential use as sunscreen.