gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Laser generation of ultrasonic Lambwaves using low power optical sources (1998)

Laser generated ultrasound is a convenient noncontact broad bandwidth source of test radiation for ultrasonic nondestructive evaluation (NDE). However, conventional laser ultrasound exploits high pulse energies in short duration pulses typically involving peak powers in the tens to hundreds of megawatts range. Consequently, surface damage is frequently problematic. The prospects are examined for low peak power sources based on laser diode excitation of mechanical samples. With peak powers of significantly less than 1 W and a 2% duty cycle, the authors have demonstrated broadband Lamb wave excitation in a thin metal sample, including observation of the dispersion curves. The same principle can be extended to full continuous wave (CW) operation. This enhances the received SNR while involving minimal probabilities of sample damage.
Structure and phase transitions in antiphase boundaries of improper ferroelectrics (1989)

Abstract The phase transitions in the antiphase domain boundaries of the improper ferroelectrics with the two-component order parameter (GMO-type) is studied. For the case when the bulk phase transition is of the second order, the phase diagram of antiphase-boundary states is obtained. There is a multicritical point on this diagram. The case when the bulk phase transition is of the first order and close to the tricritical point is discussed qualitatively.
Multiphoton ionization photoelectron spectroscopic study on NO: Autoionization pathway through dissociative superexcited valence states (1985)

In the present work we have carried out measurements of total ion–current and photoelectrons to study autoionization of NO molecule through the two-photon resonant, valence-excited B 2Π state at the v′=9 level (designated as B-9). This state was selected so as to remove a possibility of direct ionization of producing the ground-state NO+ ion. It has been found that the ion–current spectrum of the B-9 state shows several anomalous-intensity rotational lines as well as normal Q-branch rotational lines. Each of the photoelectron spectra obtained at the normal rotational lines exhibits three energetically accessible vibrational bands with branching ratios of 0.65 (v+=2), 0.30 (v+=1), and 0.05 (v+=0). On the other hand, each of the photoelectron spectra obtained at the anomalous-intensity rotational lines suggests a relatively high yield of the v+=0 ion, and there seems to be no photoelectron angular dependence for the v+=0 band. From these experimental results, we have deduced the following conclusions: (1) The overall process of producing the normal rotational lines is represented by X2hν→B-9 hν→I*→NO+, where I* means the superexcited valence I 2Σ+ state and → indicates electronic autoionization forming the ground electronic state of ions. (2) The ionization scheme of producing the anomalous-intensity rotational lines is expressed by X2hν→B-9hν→N-6↔B′*→NO+, involving an accidental double resonance, where N is the Rydberg N(4dδ) 2Δ state, B′* is the superexcited valence B′ 2Δ state, and ↔ means an electronic coupling between the Rydberg and the valence states. The N-6 state has further been supported by experimental fact that the v+=6 photoelectron band appears at a higher laser power by four-photon direct ionization. In the above two schemes, the electronic coupling between the dissociative valence and the ionization continuum state is considered to play an important role in the present autoionization phenomena.
Autonomic effects on the spectral analysis of heart rate variability after exercise (2009)

Although frequency-domain analysis of heart rate variability (HRV) has been performed in the setting of exercise and recovery from exercise, the relationship of specific frequency components to sympathetic and parasympathetic inputs has not been validated in this setting. The aim of this study is to evaluate the relationship of frequency components of HRV to sympathetic and parasympathetic modulation in the setting of recovery after exercise using selective autonomic blockade. Normal subjects (n = 27, 17 men, 53 +/- 7 yr old) underwent bicycle stress testing on four separate days. On day 1, a baseline study without autonomic blockade was performed. On days 2 through 4, either beta-adrenergic, parasympathetic, or double blockade was administered during exercise and completed 3 min before recovery. Continuous ECG was recorded for 5 min starting from the end of exercise. Time- and frequency-domain measures of HRV were computed for each of the five 1-min segments of RR intervals. Parasympathetic blockade significantly decreased all the HRV measures compared with baseline (P < 0.02 for all). Root mean square of successive differences of RR intervals (rMSSD) was increased by beta-adrenergic blockade (P < 0.0002). All the HRV measures except rMSSD showed increases with time after the first minute of recovery. The low frequency-to-high frequency ratio did not respond to autonomic blockade or to recovery time, consistent with the expected changes in sympathovagal influence. Root mean square (detrended SD) and rMSSD were highly correlated with the square root of the total power (r = 0.96) and high-frequency power (r = 0.95), respectively. Although there are marked reductions in the frequency-domain measures in recovery versus rest, the fluctuations in the low- and high-frequency bands respond to autonomic blockade in the expected fashion. Time-domain measures of HRV were highly correlated with frequency-domain measures and therefore provide a computationally more efficient assessment of autonomic influences during recovery from exercise that is less susceptible to anomalies of frequency-domain analysis.
Lattice Boltzmann Method for Laminar Forced Convection in a Channel with a Triangular Prism (2011)

The Lattice Boltzmann Method (LBM) is applied to computationally investigate the laminar flow and heat transfer of an incompressible fluid with constant material properties in a two-dimensional channel with a built-in triangular prism. Not only the momentum transport, but also the energy transport is modeled by LBM. A uniform lattice structure with a single time relaxation rule is used. The flow is investigated for different Reynolds numbers, while keeping the Prandtl number at a constant value of 0.7. The results show how the presence of a triangular prism affects the flow and heat transfer patterns for the steady-state and unsteady/periodic flow regimes. As an assessment of the accuracy of the developed LBM code, the results are compared with those obtained by a commercial CFD code. It is observed that the present LBM code delivers results that are of similar accuracy to the well-established CFD code.
In-Pixel Edge Detection Circuit without Non-uniformity Correction for an Infrared Focal Plane Array (IRFPA) (2008)

For real time image processing, a readout circuit for an infrared focal plane array (IRFPA) involving a new edge detection technique has been proposed in this letter. A non-uniformity correction unit (NUC), essential in an IRFPA because of bad non-uniformity characteristics of IR sensors is eliminated in this circuit by using a noise tolerant edge detection technique. In addition, real time edge detection can be possible, because of pixel-level integration and parallel processing. The proposed readout circuit shows an approximately three to nine times better edge error rate than other available methods using pixel-level parallel processing.
Aging Properties of Films of Plasticized Vital Wheat Gluten Cast from Acidic and Basic Solutions (2006)

In order to understand the mechanisms behind the undesired aging of films based on vital wheat gluten plasticized with glycerol, films cast from water/ethanol solutions were investigated. The effect of pH was studied by casting from solutions at pH 4 and pH 11. The films were aged for 120 days at 50% relative humidity and 23 degrees C, and the tensile properties and oxygen and water vapor permeabilities were measured as a function of aging time. The changes in the protein structure were determined by infrared spectroscopy and size-exclusion and reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography, and the film structure was revealed by optical and scanning electron microscopy. The pH 11 film was mechanically more stable with time than the pH 4 film, the latter being initially very ductile but turning brittle toward the end of the aging period. The protein solubility and infrared spectroscopy measurements indicated that the protein structure of the pH 4 film was initially significantly less polymerized/aggregated than that of the pH 11 film. The polymerization of the pH 4 film increased during storage but it did not reach the degree of aggregation of the pH 11 film. Reverse-phase chromatography indicated that the pH 11 films were to some extent deamidated and that this increased with aging. At the same time a large fraction of the aged pH 11 film was unaffected by reducing agents, suggesting that a time-induced isopeptide cross-linking had occurred. This isopeptide formation did not, however, change the overall degree of aggregation and consequently the mechanical properties of the film. During aging, the pH 4 films lost more mass than the pH 11 films mainly due to migration of glycerol but also due to some loss of volatile mass. Scanning electron and optical microscopy showed that the pH 11 film was more uniform in thickness and that the film structure was more homogeneous than that of the pH 4 film. The oxygen permeability was also lower for the pH 11 film. The fact that the pH 4 film experienced a larger and more rapid change in its mechanical properties with time than the pH 11 film, as a consequence of a greater loss of plasticizer, was presumably due to its initial lower degree of protein aggregation/polymerization. Consequently, the cross-link density achieved at pH 4 was too low to effectively retain volatiles and glycerol within the matrix.
The effect of glycosaminoglycan loss on chondrocyte viability: A study on porcine cartilage explants (2008)

These results indicate that GAG loss alone does not directly lead to chondrocyte death. In response to mechanical injury, there is an immediate induction of necrotic cell death that is seen only in GAG-depleted explants and primarily in the superficial zone. During subsequent culture, cell death spreads via apoptotic mechanisms.
Ultrasonic Stimulated Acoustic Emission for Detection of Breast Microcalcifications (2002)

Abstract : The purpose of this research is to develop an experimental imaging system based on Ultrasound Stimulated Acoustic Emission (USAE) for detecting microcalcifications in human breast tissue specimens. The scope of this research is to improve the laboratory USAE system and evaluate its performance on breast tissue specimens containing microcalcifications. The first task of this research is focused on system development and optimization for detection of beast microcalcifications. The second task is centered on imaging breast tissues and evaluating the performance of USAE method in detection of microcalcifications. Here we report our progress on imaging tissue samples (Task 2). Results show that USAE can detect microcalcifications in various pathological conditions. We also report recent improvements in our experimental system.
Recent Advances in the Handling, Makeup, and Running of C.R.A. Tubulars (1993)

ABSTRACT Significant advances have been made in the last three years in the non-marking handling of Chrome Resistant Alloy (C.R.A.) tubulars both with power tongs and handling tools. Marking of casing and tubing by the dies of power tongs and the inserts in the slips of spiders and elevators has long been known to be potentially damaging, particularly in wells with corrosive environments. This paper outlines the developments made in the industry during the last three years and the creation of special tools and power tongs to overcome these problems. Particular emphasis will be made on the complete cycle from pipe mill to running in the hole. This will cover the make up of couplings to the pipe body in the mill, the transportation of tubulars to the rig site and the handling from pipe rack to rig floor. Also to be covered will be the make up and testing of downhole completion assemblies prior to the job. Actual make up of connections with "non marking" power tongs and running with special slips are the major new developments described. It will be shown how all factors such as joint weight compensation, guidance yoke system, stabbing, etc. can all contribute to the successful running of C.R.A. tubulars.
PARMA (2012)

Frequent Itemsets and Association Rules Mining (FIM) is a key task in knowledge discovery from data. As the dataset grows, the cost of solving this task is dominated by the component that depends on the number of transactions in the dataset. We address this issue by proposing PARMA, a parallel algorithm for the MapReduce framework, which scales well with the size of the dataset (as number of transactions) while minimizing data replication and communication cost. PARMA cuts down the dataset-size-dependent part of the cost by using a random sampling approach to FIM. Each machine mines a small random sample of the dataset, of size independent from the dataset size. The results from each machine are then filtered and aggregated to produce a single output collection. The output will be a very close approximation of the collection of Frequent Itemsets (FI's) or Association Rules (AR's) with their frequencies and confidence levels. The quality of the output is probabilistically guaranteed by our analysis to be within the user-specified accuracy and error probability parameters. The sizes of the random samples are independent from the size of the dataset, as is the number of samples. They depend on the user-chosen accuracy and error probability parameters and on the parallel computational model. We implemented PARMA in Hadoop MapReduce and show experimentally that it runs faster than previously introduced FIM algorithms for the same platform, while 1) scaling almost linearly, and 2) offering even higher accuracy and confidence than what is guaranteed by the analysis.
Programmable Memory BIST and BISR Using Flash Memory for Embedded Memory (2008)

The density of Memory has been increased by great challenge for memory technology, so elements of memory become smaller than before and the sensitivity to faults increases. As a result of these changes, memory testing becomes more complex. The number of storage elements is increased per chip, and the cost of test becomes more remarkable as the cost per transistor drops. Proposed design doesn't need to control from outside environment, because it integrates into memory. The proposed scheme supports the various memory testing algorithms. Consequently, the proposed one is more efficient in terms of test cost and test data to be applied. Moreover, we proposed a reallocation algorithm for faulty memory parts. It has an efficient reallocation scheme with row and column redundant memory. Previous reallocation information is obtained from faulty memory every each tests. However proposed scheme avoids to this problem. because onetime test result from reallocation information can save to flash memory. In this paper, a reallocation scheme has been increased efficiency because of using flash memory.
Monolithic Integration of O-Band InAs Quantum Dot Lasers with Engineered GaAs Virtual Substrate Based on Silicon (2022)

The realization of high-performance Si-based III-V quantum-dot (QD) lasers has long attracted extensive interest in optoelectronic circuits. This manuscript presents InAs/GaAs QD lasers integrated on an advanced GaAs virtual substrate. The GaAs layer was originally grown on Ge as another virtual substrate on Si wafer. No patterned substrate or sophisticated superlattice defect-filtering layer was involved. Thanks to the improved quality of the comprehensively modified GaAs crystal with low defect density, the room temperature emission wavelength of this laser was allocated at 1320 nm, with a threshold current density of 24.4 A/cm<sup>-2</sup> per layer and a maximum single-facet output power reaching 153 mW at 10 °C. The maximum operation temperature reaches 80 °C. This work provides a feasible and promising proposal for the integration of an efficient O-band laser with a standard Si platform in the near future.
IOPathTune: Adaptive Online Parameter Tuning for Parallel File System I/O Path (2023)

Parallel file systems contain complicated I/O paths from clients to storage servers. An efficient I/O path requires proper settings of multiple parameters, as the default settings often fail to deliver optimal performance, especially for diverse workloads in the HPC environment. Existing tuning strategies have shortcomings in being adaptive, timely, and flexible. We propose IOPathTune, which adaptively tunes PFS I/O Path online from the client side without characterizing the workloads, doing expensive profiling, and communicating with other machines. We implemented IOPathTune on Lustre and leveraged CloudLab to conduct the evaluations on 20 different Filebench workloads in three different scenarios. We observed either on-par or better performance than the default configuration, as high as 231% on standalone executions. IOPathTune also delivers 89.57% better overall performance than CAPES in multiple client executions.
Identification of key modules and genes associated with breast cancer prognosis using WGCNA and ceRNA network analysis (2020)

Breast cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer-associated mortality in women worldwide and has become a major public health problem. Although the definitive cause of breast cancer is not known, many genes sensitive to breast cancer have been detected using advanced technologies. Our study identified 3301 differentially expressed lncRNAs and mRNAs between tumor and normal samples from The Cancer Genome Atlas database. Based on the gene expression analysis and clinical traits as well as weighted gene co-expression network analysis, the co-expression Brown module was found to be key for breast cancer prognosis. A total of 453 genes in the Brown module were used for functional enrichment, protein-protein interaction analysis, lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA ceRNA network, and lncRNA-RNA binding protein-mRNA network construction. <i>GRM4</i>, <i>SSTR2</i>, <i>PARD6B</i>, <i>PRR15</i>, <i>COX6C</i>, and lncRNA <i>DSCAM-AS1</i> were the hub genes according to protein-protein interaction, lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA and lncRNA-RNA binding protein-mRNA network. Their high expression was found to be correlated with breast cancer development, according to multiple databases. In conclusion, this study provides a framework of the co-expression gene modules of breast cancer and identifies several important biomarkers in breast cancer development and prognosis.
Forced cell cycle exit and modulation of GABAA, CREB, and GSK3β signaling promote functional maturation of induced pluripotent stem cell-derived neurons (2015)

Although numerous protocols have been developed for differentiation of neurons from a variety of pluripotent stem cells, most have concentrated on being able to specify effectively appropriate neuronal subtypes and few have been designed to enhance or accelerate functional maturity. Of those that have, most employ time courses of functional maturation that are rather protracted, and none have fully characterized all aspects of neuronal function, from spontaneous action potential generation through to postsynaptic receptor maturation. Here, we describe a simple protocol that employs the sequential addition of just two supplemented media that have been formulated to separate the two key phases of neural differentiation, the neurogenesis and synaptogenesis, each characterized by different signaling requirements. Employing these media, this new protocol synchronized neurogenesis and enhanced the rate of maturation of pluripotent stem cell-derived neural precursors. Neurons differentiated using this protocol exhibited large cell capacitance with relatively hyperpolarized resting membrane potentials; moreover, they exhibited augmented: 1) spontaneous electrical activity; 2) regenerative induced action potential train activity; 3) Na(+) current availability, and 4) synaptic currents. This was accomplished by rapid and uniform development of a mature, inhibitory GABAAreceptor phenotype that was demonstrated by Ca(2+) imaging and the ability of GABAAreceptor blockers to evoke seizurogenic network activity in multielectrode array recordings. Furthermore, since this protocol can exploit expanded and frozen prepatterned neural progenitors to deliver mature neurons within 21 days, it is both scalable and transferable to high-throughput platforms for the use in functional screens.
Massively parallel phenotyping of variant impact in cancer with Perturb-seq reveals a shift in the spectrum of cell states induced by somatic mutations (2020)

Abstract Genome sequencing studies have identified millions of somatic variants in cancer, but their phenotypic impact remains challenging to predict. Current experimental approaches to distinguish between functionally impactful and neutral variants require customized phenotypic assays that often report on average effects, and are not easily scaled. Here, we develop a generalizable, high-dimensional, and scalable approach to functionally assess variant impact in single cells by pooled Perturb-seq. Specifically, we assessed the impact of 200 TP53 and KRAS variants in &gt;300,000 single lung cancer cells, and used the profiles to categorize variants into phenotypic subsets to distinguish gain-of-function, loss-of-function and dominant negative variants, which we validated by comparison to orthogonal assays. Surprisingly, KRAS variants did not merely fit into discrete functional categories, but rather spanned a continuum of gain-of-function phenotypes driven by quantitative shifts in cell composition at the single cell level. We further discovered novel gain-of-function KRAS variants whose impact could not have been predicted solely by their occurrence in patient samples. Our work provides a scalable, gene-agnostic method for coding variant impact phenotyping, which can be applied in cancer and other diseases driven by somatic or germline coding mutations.
Semi-supervised knowledge extraction for detection of drugs and their effects (2016)

New Psychoactive Substances (NPS) are drugs that lay in a grey area of legislation, since they are not internationally and officially banned, possibly leading to their not prosecutable trade. The exacerbation of the phenomenon is that NPS can be easily sold and bought online. Here, we consider large corpora of textual posts, published on online forums specialized on drug discussions, plus a small set of known substances and associated effects, which we call seeds. We propose a semi-supervised approach to knowledge extraction, applied to the detection of drugs (comprising NPS) and effects from the corpora under investigation. Based on the very small set of initial seeds, the work highlights how a contrastive approach and context deduction are effective in detecting substances and effects from the corpora. Our promising results, which feature a F1 score close to 0.9, pave the way for shortening the detection time of new psychoactive substances, once these are discussed and advertised on the Internet.