gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Selective Inhibition of PDE4 in Wistar Rats Can Lead to Dilatation in Testis, Efferent Ducts, and Epididymis and Subsequent Formation of Sperm Granulomas (2012)

Testicular tubular dilatation and degeneration and epididymal sperm granulomas were frequently seen in 4-week toxicity studies using different phosphodiesterase-4 (PDE4) inhibitors in Wistar rats, including the prototypic PDE4 inhibitor BYK169171. To investigate the pathogenesis of testicular and epididymal lesions, a time course study with BYK169171 was conducted with sequential necropsies after 7, 14, 21, and 28 days of treatment. After 7 days, a dilatation of efferent ducts and of the initial segment of the epididymis and a subacute interstitial inflammation were seen followed by a diffuse dilatation of seminiferous tubules in the testis. Dilatation and inflammation were most pronounced after 14 days. Single animals also exhibited vascular necrosis in the inflamed interstitium. Although dilatation decreased later in the study, the incidence and severity of tubular degeneration increased from 14 days onward. Sperm granulomas developed in efferent ducts and in the caput and cauda of the epididymis after 14 days. Our results demonstrate a clear time course of PDE4 inhibition-induced lesions, with dilatation preceding sperm granuloma formation. We conclude that the most likely mechanism of toxicity is a disturbance of fluid homeostasis in efferent and epididymal ducts resulting in abnormal luminal fluid and sperm contents, epithelial damage at specific sites of the excurrent duct system, sperm leakage, and granuloma formation.
A Maximum A Posteriori Probability and Time-Varying Approach for Inferring Gene Regulatory Networks from Time Course Gene Microarray Data (2014)

Unlike most conventional techniques with static model assumption, this paper aims to estimate the time-varying model parameters and identify significant genes involved at different timepoints from time course gene microarray data. We first formulate the parameter identification problem as a new maximum a posteriori probability estimation problem so that prior information can be incorporated as regularization terms to reduce the large estimation variance of the high dimensional estimation problem. Under this framework, sparsity and temporal consistency of the model parameters are imposed using L1-regularization and novel continuity constraints, respectively. The resulting problem is solved using the L-BFGS method with the initial guess obtained from the partial least squares method. A novel forward validation measure is also proposed for the selection of regularization parameters, based on both forward and current prediction errors. The proposed method is evaluated using a synthetic benchmark testing data and a publicly available yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae cell cycle microarray data. For the latter particularly, a number of significant genes identified at different timepoints are found to be biological significant according to previous findings in biological experiments. These suggest that the proposed approach may serve as a valuable tool for inferring time-varying gene regulatory networks in biological studies.
Rotor Scale Model Tests for Power Conversion Unit of GT-MHR (2008)

A power-generating unit with the high-temperature helium reactor (GT-MHR) has a turbomachine (TM) that is intended for both conversion of coolant thermal energy into electric power in the direct gas-turbine cycle, and provision of helium circulation in the primary circuit. The vertically oriented TM is placed in the central area of the power conversion unit (PCU). TM consists of a turbocompressor (TC) and a generator. Their rotors are joined with a diaphragm coupling and supported by electro-magnetic bearings (EMB). The complexity and novelty of the task of the full electromagnetic suspension system development requires thorough stepwise experimental work, from small-scale physical models to full-scale specimen. On this purpose, the following is planned within the framework of the GT-MHR Project: investigations of the “flexible” rotor small-scale mockup with electro-magnetic bearings (“Minimockup” test facility); tests of the radial EMB; tests of the position sensors; tests of the TM rotor scale model; tests of the TM catcher bearings (CB) friction pairs; tests of the CB mockups; tests of EMB and CB pilot samples and investigation of the full-scale electromagnetic suspension system as a part of full-scale turbocompressor tests. The rotor scale model (RSM) tests aim at investigation of dynamics of rotor supported by electromagnetic bearings to validate GT-MHR turbomachine serviceability. Like the full-scale turbomachine rotor, the RSM consist of two parts: the generator rotor model and the turbocompressor rotor model that are joined with a coupling. Both flexible and rigid coupling options are tested. Each rotor is supported by one axial and two radial EMBs. The rotor is arranged vertically. The RSM rotor length is 10.54 m, and mass is 1171 kg. The designs of physical model elements, namely of the turbine, compressors, generator and exciter, are simplified and performed with account of rigid characteristics, which are identical to those of the full-scale turbomachine elements.
Computerized Quantitation of Atherosclerosis in an Experimental Model (1982)

Model investigations for computerized quantitation of atherosclerotic plaques by a combination of arteriography and microdensitometry were performed. The correlation between real and densitometrically determined plaque volumes was high (r = 0.987) in examinations of randomly distributed plaques. The results indicate that this method can be useful in the clinical examination of patients with atherosclerosis.
Association of Plasma Neurofilament Light With Neurodegeneration in Patients With Alzheimer Disease (2017)

<h3>Importance</h3> Existing cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) or imaging (tau positron emission tomography) biomarkers for Alzheimer disease (AD) are invasive or expensive. Biomarkers based on standard blood test results would be useful in research, drug development, and clinical practice. Plasma neurofilament light (NFL) has recently been proposed as a blood-based biomarker for neurodegeneration in dementias. <h3>Objective</h3> To test whether plasma NFL concentrations are increased in AD and associated with cognitive decline, other AD biomarkers, and imaging evidence of neurodegeneration. <h3>Design, Setting, and Participants</h3> In this prospective case-control study, an ultrasensitive assay was used to measure plasma NFL concentration in 193 cognitively healthy controls, 197 patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and 180 patients with AD dementia from the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative. The study dates were September 7, 2005, to February 13, 2012. The plasma NFL analysis was performed in September 2016. <h3>Main Outcomes and Measures</h3> Associations were tested between plasma NFL and diagnosis, Aβ pathologic features, CSF biomarkers of neuronal injury, cognition, brain structure, and metabolism. <h3>Results</h3> Among 193 cognitively healthy controls, 197 patients with mild cognitive impairment, and 180 patients with AD with dementia, plasma NFL correlated with CSF NFL (Spearman ρ = 0.59,<i>P</i> &lt; .001). Plasma NFL was increased in patients with MCI (mean, 42.8 ng/L) and patients with AD dementia (mean, 51.0 ng/L) compared with controls (mean, 34.7 ng/L) (<i>P</i> &lt; .001) and had high diagnostic accuracy for patients with AD with dementia vs controls (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, 0.87, which is comparable to established CSF biomarkers). Plasma NFL was particularly high in patients with MCI and patients with AD dementia with Aβ pathologic features. High plasma NFL correlated with poor cognition and AD-related atrophy (at baseline and longitudinally) and with brain hypometabolism (longitudinally). <h3>Conclusions and Relevance</h3> Plasma NFL is associated with AD diagnosis and with cognitive, biochemical, and imaging hallmarks of the disease. This finding implies a potential usefulness for plasma NFL as a noninvasive biomarker in AD.
Using the SBRC Assay to Predict Lead Relative Bioavailability in Urban Soils: Contaminant Source and Correlation Model (2016)

Using in vitro bioaccessibility assays to predict Pb relative bioavailability (RBA) in contaminated soils has been demonstrated, however, limited research was performed on urban soils having lower Pb levels. In this study, 162 soils from urban parks in 27 capital cities in China were measured for Pb bioaccessibility using the SBRC assay, with Pb-RBA in 38 subsamples being measured using a mouse-kidney assay. Total Pb concentrations in soils were 9.3-1198 mg kg(-1), with 92% of the soils having Pb concentrations <100 mg kg(-1). Lead bioaccessibility in soils was 20-94%, increasing with Pb concentration up to 100 mg kg(-1) (r = 0.44), however, limited variability in Pb bioaccessibility (60-80%) was observed for soils with Pb > 100 mg kg(-1). On the basis of a stable isotope fingerprinting technique, coal combustion ash was identified as the major Pb source, contributing to the increased Pb bioaccessibility with increasing soil Pb concentration. Lead-RBA in soils was 17-87%, showing a strong linear correlation with Pb bioaccessibility (r(2) = 0.61), with cross validation of the correlation based on random subsampling and leave-one-out approaches yielding low prediction errors. On the basis of the large sample size of 38 soils, this study demonstrated that the Pb-RBA predictive capability of the SBRC assay can be extended from mining/smelting impacted soils to urban soils with lower Pb levels.
Measurements of pulse rate using long-range imaging photoplethysmography and sunlight illumination outdoors (2017)

Imaging photoplethysmography, a method using imagers to record absorption variations caused by microvascular blood volume pulsations, shows promise as a non-contact cardiovascular sensing technology. The first long-range imaging photoplethysmography measurements at distances of 25, 50, and 100 meters from the participant was recently demonstrated. Degraded signal quality was observed with increasing imager-to-subject distances. The degradation in signal quality was hypothesized to be largely attributable to inadequate light return to the image sensor with increasing lens focal length. To test this hypothesis, a follow-up evaluation with 27 participants was conducted outdoors with natural sunlight illumination resulting in ~5-33 times the illumination intensity. Video was recorded from cameras equipped with ultra-telephoto lenses and positioned at distances of 25, 50, 100, and 150 meters. The brighter illumination allowed high-definition video recordings at increased frame rates of 60fps, shorter exposure times, and lower ISO settings, leading to higher quality image formation than the previous indoor evaluation. Results were compared to simultaneous reference measurements from electrocardiography. Compared to the previous indoor study, we observed lower overall error in pulse rate measurement with the same pattern of degradation in signal quality with respect to increasing distance. This effect was corroborated by the signal-to-noise ratio of the blood volume pulse signal which also showed decreasing quality with respect to increasing distance. Finally, a popular chrominance-based method was compared to a blind source separation approach; while comparable in measurement of signal-to-noise ratio, we observed higher overall error in pulse rate measurement using the chrominance method in this data.
Specific inhibition of spermidine synthesis in Mycobacteria spp. by the dextro isomer of ethambutol (1985)

Only the dextro isomer of ethambutol inhibited mycobacterial spermidine synthase and spermidine biosynthesis. Inhibition of mycobacterial spermidine synthase appeared to be specific. Spermidine synthase from Mycobacterium fortuitum, which was resistant to ethambutol in vitro, required a higher concentration of ethambutol for its inhibition than the enzyme of susceptible Mycobacterium bovis.
Higher Order Transport of Intensity Equation Methods: Comparisons and Their Hybrid Application for Noise Adaptive Phase Imaging (2019)

As a non-interferometric method, the transport of intensity equation (TIE) method suits for quantitative phase imaging with the commercial microscope platform, especially those higher order TIE approaches which can realize precise phase retrieval by eliminating undesired higher order derivatives are widely used. However, these approaches are mostly adopted separately without considering their phase retrieval precision in various noise levels. In this paper, we first compared these classical higher order TIE approaches through theoretical analysis, numerical simulations, and experiments. Then, based on the quantitative comparisons mainly focusing on their phase retrieval accuracy and noise suppression capability, we determine the application scope corresponding to different noise levels of each higher order TIE approach. Finally, in order to deal with different noisy cases, we design the hybrid higher order TIE application, in which the specific higher order TIE approach is selected for phase retrieval according to the precise noise estimation, and the performance of the hybrid higher order TIE application is tested by both the numerical simulations and the experiments, proving it can perform high-quality phase imaging by balancing the tradeoff between the phase retrieval accuracy and the noise influence. The paper not only provides a systematic reference for analysis and comparisons on different higher order TIE approaches, but also proposes the hybrid application for noise adaptive phase imaging, which can be a potential tool in biological observations and medical diagnostics.
Determination of Hyperfine Structures in Ground and Excited Atomic Levels by Level-Crossing Optogalvanic Spectroscopy: Application toY89 (1982)

This new technique in optogalvanic spectroscopy yields Doppler-free resonances when degeneracies in atomic energy levels are removed by a magnetic field, and also when the interval between levels matches the mode spacing of the laser. ${g}_{J}$ factors and magnetic hyperfine interaction constants were determined for lower and upper levels of the transition at 619.2 nm in YI. The value $A=(+)89.6(9)$ MHz for the upper level $4d5s(a^{3}D)5p{^{2}D_{\frac{3}{2}}}^{0}$ is new; the remaining determinations agree with published values.
Effects of Etching Holes on Capacitance and Tuning Range in MEMS Parallel Plate Variable Capacitors (2006)

This paper presents extensive simulations of MEMS parallel plate variable capacitors with attention dedicated towards variations in etching holes' properties. For various separation distances between the plates, different hole sizes and density were created and capacitances were extracted. Within typical values, it was found that the configuration of the holes might affect the tuning range by no more than 16% at extreme cases of their theoretical counterparts. Simulations were done using finite element modeling
Foster®: A High-Efficiency Combination Metered Dose Inhaler with Consistent Particle Size Distribution at Alternative Flow Rates (2014)

This publication adds perspective to a recent publication by Johal et al. that presented the performance of combination inhalation therapies at a flow rate differing from that recommended by the regulatory authorities for metered dose inhaler (MDI) performance testing. Altering the flow rate through an impactor can create potential pitfalls which can result in performance misrepresentation. In-house data for Foster® (Chiesi, Parma, Italy) and Flutiform® (Bard Pharmaceuticals Limited, Cambridge, UK) have been collected using standard pharmacopaeial conditions and also at the unconventional 60 L/min flow rate utilized by Johal et al. A marked reduction in mass median aerodynamic diameters (MMADs) of both the inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) and long-acting beta agonists in Foster MDI from approximately 1.2–0.5 μm with increase in flow rate (Johal et al.) is not observed. Use of the Andersen cascade impactor at flow rates above 28.3 L/min is not common practice. The industry generally utilizes data from the next generation impactor (NGI), an impactor specifically designed and developed for this purpose. Data for the ICS component of Foster have been generated using an NGI operated at 30 and 60 L/min, yielding an MMAD (±SD) of 1.1 ± 0.1 μm at both flow rates. Johal et al. suggest that submicron particles are prone to be exhaled by the patient, and therefore imply that they may be non-effective. However, therapeutic significance of submicron particles is supported by a scintigraphic lung deposition study carried out using the Foster MDI. The in vivo data highlight that just 2–3% of the nominal dose was exhaled, with 31–34% deposited in the lungs. Consistent particle size distribution of both active drug components delivered from Foster MDI at flow rates of 28–30 and 60 L/min is observed.
The Distribution of Nutrients and Particle Size,Their Correlations in Surface Sediments of Different Lakes,China (2010)

In this study,the characteristics of nutrients and particle size in surface sediments of six lakes with different feature from different region were investigated,and the relationships between nutrients and particle size were also discussed. The results indicated that the nutrient content was consistent with lake trophic in shallow eutrophic lake,Lake Qilu and Lake Chaohu; However,there were no relationships in the deep lakes,Lake Luguhu,Lake Chenhai and Lake Qinhaihu. The concentrations of total nitrogen(TN) and total phosphorus(TP) were far higher in surface sediments of Lake Luguhu than those in shallow eutrophic lake of the middle and lower reaches of Yangtze River region. Total organic matter(TOC) was significantly correlated with TN,organic phosphorus(Po),which suggested that organic nitrogen was the main fraction of TN and organic matter was important carrier of Po in studied surface sediments. The particle size of surface sediments were below 64 μm and have different distribution characteristics in different lake. The grain size was smaller in higher nutrient content of sediments. The percent content of small particle was consistent with pollution level of surface sediments. The particle of below 4 μm was significantly positive correlated with TOC,TN,TP,Pi and Po however,the particle in range of 16~64 μm was negative correlated with TOC,TN,TP,Pi and Po.
Can Molecular Profiling of Cytogenetic Subgroups Draw A Roadmap For Individualizing Therapy In Myelodysplastic Syndromes? (2006)

Therapeutic options for the heterogeneous hematopoietic disorders grouped under the myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) have been difficult to develop, even though the incidence of this disease is increasing because of the ageing population. Several drugs have now been shown to have therapeutic efficacy in subgroups of patients, but the main challenge is still the preselection of the patient for a given strategy. To state the problem simply, effective therapies may already exist for a substantial number of MDS patients, but we do not know how to match the right drug to the right patient. Cytogenetic abnormalities have provided some treatment guidance, however these are generally restricted to patients known to have a better prognosis. To develop reliable predictive assays in patients with complex or more advanced diseases, we will have to delve deeper than cytogenetics. This review summarizes what is known about the clinical and biological characteristics of various karyotypic subgroups of MDS, and proposes a roadmap for combining the bedside-to-bench approach with the use of DNA microarray analysis in developing expression profiles that can serve as a guide in the preselection of treatment options for individual MDS patients.
Supplemental Tables 1 and 2 from Antitumor Effects of Epidrug/IFNα Combination Driven by Modulated Gene Signatures in Both Colorectal Cancer and Dendritic Cells (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Table 1. Sequences of oligonucleotides used in RT-qPCR are listed. Supplementary Table 2. Sequences of oligonucleotides used in ChIP assays in qPCR.&lt;/p&gt;
Transport transcutané de substances actives assisté par des microémulsions: application à la sensibilisation par les allergènes (2010)

International audience
Prosthetic valves (2018)

Abstract The first part of Chapter 13 outlines an approach to imaging different types of prosthetic valves, including a description of optimal views and potential pitfalls encountered when imaging mechanical and bioprosthetic valves in the aortic and mitral positions. Next, the techniques of haemodynamic assessment of prosthetic valves (pressure gradients, valve areas, pressure half-time) are described. Normal pressure gradients and calculated valve areas for selected valves are provided in tabular form. The concepts of pressure recovery and patient–prosthesis mismatch are explained. The features of prosthetic valve regurgitation (normal versus abnormal, transvalvular versus paravalvular) are then reviewed. In the final section, the causes of pathological stenosis and regurgitation are discussed, including thrombus formation, endocarditis, calcific degeneration, and valve dehiscence.
Exploration and synthesis of dynamic data sets in telecom network applications (2003)

We present a novel exploration and optimization method to select customized implementations for dynamic data sets, as encountered in telecom network, database and multimedia applications. Our method fits in the context of embedded system synthesis for such applications, and enables us to further raise the abstraction level of the initial specification, where dynamic data sets can be specified without low-level details. Our method is suited for hardware and software implementations. It mainly aims at minimizing the memory power consumption, although it can also be driven by other cost functions such as area or performance. Compared with existing methods, it can save up to 2/3 of the memory power consumption and 3/4 of the memory area.
Metal Additive Manufacturing for Electrical Machines: Technology Review and Latest Advancements (2022)

Metal additive manufacturing (AM) has been growing remarkably in the past few years. Thanks to the advantages of unmatched flexibility and zero material waste, this clean technology opens the door for new design solutions with greater material efficiency, which are not possible through conventional machining techniques. In this paper, we provide a technology overview of metal AM techniques that can be utilized in a wide range of applications, including constructing electrical machines. Different techniques of metal AM are discussed and compared. Additionally, the impact of the material forms (powder/wire) on printing speed and quality are studied. Based on the industrial and technical literature, this paper provides a comprehensive review of metal AM in the fabrication of electrical machines and their applications. This includes the current state of the art and associated benefits of AM in these applications.