gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Assays of von Willebrand Factor- Cleaving Protease: A Test for Diagnosis of Familial and Acquired Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura (2002)

Endothelial cells secrete von Willebrand factor (vWF) multimers that are larger than those found in the circulating plasma. These very large multimeric forms of vWF, capable of spontaneously binding to and agglutinating the blood platelets under conditions of high fluid shear rate, are degraded by a specific metalloprotease cleaving the peptide bond 842Tyr-843Met of the vWF subunit. The vWF-cleaving protease was found to be deficient in patients with familial thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP). The acute events in these patients can be successfully treated and prophylactically prevented by repletion of the missing protease using fresh frozen plasma (FFP). In another, apparently more common, form of TTP, the protease deficiency is due to inhibiting circulating antibodies directed against the vWF-cleaving protease. Therapy of these patients should include immunosuppressive treatment in addition to plasma exchange and replacement with FFP. Normal activity of vWF-cleaving protease was established in patients with a clinically similar disorder: hemolytic-uremic syndrome (HUS). The level of vWF-cleaving protease activity is thus a laboratory parameter that provides important information for the differential diagnosis and treatment of patients with TTP/HUS. Several assays of vWF-cleaving protease have been described and are summarized here.
Electrochemiluminescent Metallopolymer Coatings:  Combined Light and Current Detection in Flow Injection Analysis (2000)

The application of thin films of the metallopolymer [Ru(bpy)2PVP10]2+ for the electrochemiluminescent (ECL) detection of oxalate in a flow injection analysis system is reported, where bpy is 2,2'-bipyridyl and PVP is poly(4-vinylpyridine). Immobilization of the ECL reagent means that it can be regenerated in situ, eliminating the need to constantly deliver it to the reaction zone. Electrochemically generated Ru3+ reacts with the analyte to form the excited-state [Ru2+]*, which luminesces at 610 nm. The reaction is optimal at low pH, where the layer is swollen and homogeneous charge transport through the layer is more facile. Unlike traditional approaches, we simultaneously monitor both the amperometric and luminescent response of the modified electrode. The precision of both signals is similar at approximately 2% (n = 10). However, the ECL response has a larger dynamic range extending from the low-micromolar to high-millimolar range and a lower limit of detection, approximately 0.2 microM or 4 pmol of oxalate injected. The ECL approach displays excellent selectivity for oxalate over a wide range of potential interferences including oxygen, amines, iron sulfate, ammonium nitrate, urea, and glucose. Ascorbic acid represents the most significant ECL interference. However, the signal observed for a 1 mM solution of ascorbic acid is still only 2.6% of the response observed for the injection of a similar concentration of oxalate.
The berth of train management system based on uClinux (2007)

According to the difficulty that conductor collected the information of berth on the train,the paper introduced a new berth of train management system which based on uClinux. It has two parts. One is the embedded handhold terminal based on ARM and uClinux which have network communicate function. The other is upper computer with database which can manger the information of berth and communicate with the embedded handhold terminal through the Ethernet. The conductor and the trainman can exchange the berth information and the message from the network communication between the upper computer and the embedded handhold termi-nal. Because the embedded handhold terminal integrated the strong hardware quality of ARM,the excellent and stable management of uClinux and friendly GUI based MiniGui,it had a lot of advantages such as portable,small and easy to using. The berth of train management system is not only a digital solution of berth information management,but also a practical application of embedded sys-tem in the information management process of railway network.
Paclitaxel Plus Gallium Nitrate and Filgrastim in Patients With Refractory Malignancies (1998)

To determine the maximally tolerated dose of paclitaxel with and without filgrastim (G-CSF) when administered as a 24-hour intravenous infusion after a 120-hour infusion of gallium nitrate at a fixed dose of 300 mg/m2/24 hours, 40 patients were entered onto a trial lasting from September 1994 to September 1996. Eligibility included a diagnosis of an advanced malignancy not amenable to curative therapy and up to one previous chemotherapy regimen for metastatic disease. Gallium was administered at a fixed dose of 300 mg/m2/day as a continuous intravenous infusion for 120 hours. Paclitaxel starting at 90 mg/m2 was given concurrently with the last 24 hours of the gallium as a 24-hour intravenous infusion. Cycles were repeated every 21 days. Once the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of paclitaxel was reached, G-CSF (5 microg/kg/day days 7-16) was added and paclitaxel dose escalation continued. The MTD for paclitaxel without G-CSF was 110 mg/m2 and 225 mg/m2 with G-CSF, with neutropenia being the dose-limiting toxicity. A partial response was noted in a patient who had thymoma and a complete response was achieved in a patient who had colon cancer. The recommended phase II dosage is gallium nitrate at 300 mg/m2/day over 120 hours, with paclitaxel at 110 mg/m2 over 24 hours without G-CSF or 225 mg/m2 over 24 hours with G-CSF and 0.5 mg calcitriol on days 1 through 7. Further trials of this modified regimen for outpatient administration are in progress.
Control of Ultrasmall Sub-10 nm Ligand-Functionalized Fluorescent Core–Shell Silica Nanoparticle Growth in Water (2015)

Ultrasmall fluorescent silica nanoparticles (SNPs) and core–shell SNPs surface functionalized with polyethylene glycol (PEG), specific surface ligands, and overall SNP size in the regime below 10 nm are of rapidly increasing interest for clinical applications, because of their favorable biodistribution and safety profiles. Here, we present an aqueous synthesis methodology for the preparation of narrowly size-dispersed SNPs and core–shell SNPs with size control below 1 nm, i.e., at the level of a single atomic layer. Different types of fluorophores, including near-infrared (NIR) emitters, can be covalently encapsulated. Brightness can be enhanced via addition of extra silica shells. This methodology further enables synthesis of <10 nm sized fluorescent core and core–shell SNPs with previously unknown compositions. In particular, the addition of an aluminum sol gel precursor leads to fluorescent aluminosilicate nanoparticles (ASNPs) and core–shell ASNPs. Encapsulation efficiency and brightness of highly negatively charged NIR fluorophores is enhanced, relative to the corresponding SNPs without aluminum. Resulting particles show quantum yields of ∼0.8, i.e., starting to approach the theoretical brightness limit. All particles can be PEGylated providing steric stability. Finally, heterobifunctional PEGs can be employed to introduce ligands onto the PEGylated particle surface of fluorescent SNPs, core–shell SNPS, and their aluminum-containing analogues, producing ligand-functionalized <10 nm NIR fluorescent nanoprobes. In order to distinguish these water-based-synthesis-derived materials from the earlier alcohol-based modified Stöber process derived fluorescent core–shell SNPs referred to as Cornell dots or C dots, the SNPs and ASNPs described here and synthesized in water will be referred to as Cornell prime dots or C′ dots and AlC′ dots. These organic–inorganic hybrid nanomaterials may find applications in nanomedicine, including cancer diagnostics and therapy (theranostics).
Constitutive Relations in Inhomogeneous Systems and the Particle-Field Conundrum-Abstract (2000)

Abstract Recently a general framework has been proposed for constitutive relations. This theoretical approach attempted to represent constitutive relations as spatiotemporal differential operators acting on the physically observable fields. The general statement is sufficiently broad to embrace linear and nonlinear systems, and dispersive as well as inhomogeneous systems. The present study investigates specific examples related to polarizable and chiral media. It was immediately realized that prior to working out the examples, we have to better understand the relation of the kinematics of particles to field concepts. Throughout, the Minkowski space notation and related relativistic ideas are exploited for simpler notation and deeper understanding.
A NOTE ON A THEOREM OF GROTHENDIECK IN $C_p$-THEORY (2000)

We study some properties of og-spaces and show some sufficient conditions that a space X satisfy the conclusion of the Grothendieck theorem.
Avaliação do impacto biológico da Galectina-1, endógena e exógena, sobre funções de neutrófilos (2012)

Galectin-1 (Gal-1) is a lectin that recognizes -galactosides and participates in biological processes, including modulation of the inflammatory response. Literature data show the involvement of this lectin to induce exposure of phosphatidylserine (PS -a marker of apoptosis), in the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and in modulation of neutrophil chemotaxis. However, there are few data related to the biological impact of exogenous and endogenous Gal-1 on the biology of these cells. This study evaluated, in vitro, some functional aspects of the interaction of Gal-1 and neutrophil. It was determined the expression level of Gal-1 (Western blotting) and its mRNA (real time PCR) on human leukocytes obtained from peripheral blood of healthy donors and human promyelocytic cell line (HL-60). Peripheral blood leukocytes and HL-60 cells do not express detectable levels of this protein as well as the Gal-1 mRNA. Through chemiluminescence testing (CL) it was possible to analyze the ability of recombinant human Gal-1 to induce and modulate the production of ROS in nave and activated (n-Formyl-Methionyl-Leucyl-Phenylalanine-fMLP) human neutrophils. Gal-1 induces ROS production in a dose-dependent way in fMLP activated neutrophils. However, in naive neutrophils this lectin does not induce oxidative stress and can negatively modulate ROS production in response to fMLP. The effects of Gal-1 on ROS production in both non-activated cells and activated cells are partially associated with their lectin property. In the literature there are no data about the interference of Gal-1 on ROS production in activated neutrophils with repeated doses of fMLP. It is known that the subsequent treatment with fMLP reduced levels of ROS production by neutrophils; however, the presence of Gal-1 did not affect this process. Interestingly, peritoneum neutrophils from Gal-1 -/-mice release more ROS in response to fMLP and exogenous Gal-1 when compared to neutrophils from wild type animals. Based on the in vitro findings and considering that in polymicrobial sepsis, neutrophils play an important role, the next step was to use the M-CLP model (moderate sepsis) in mice lacking (Gal-1 -/-) or not (Gal-1 +/+ ) Gal-1 gene. Gal-1 -/-animals present lower survival rate and fewer bacteria in the blood despite having higher bacterial load in infectious focus in relation to wild type mice. The rates of neutrophils influx into the peritoneum and lungs are similar for both groups. The participation of Gal-1 in the homeostasis of neutrophils was demonstrated in vitro by flow cytometry (annexin V-FITC), where induced PS by Gal-1 in the neutrophils enhanced the phagocytosis of these cells by macrophages. Therefore, this set of results suggests that Gal-1, exogenous or endogenous, can modulate immune functions of neutrophils and participate in the regulation of inflammatory/infectious disorders.
Reduced Outer Membrane Permeability of Escherichia coli O157:H7:  Suggested Role of Modified Outer Membrane Porins and Theoretical Function in Resistance to Antimicrobial Agents (2001)

Outer membrane permeability of Escherichia coli O157:H7 was determined by an in vivo kinetic model with the periplasmic enzyme alkaline phosphatase [Martinez et al. (1996) Biochemistry 35, 1179-1186]. p-Nitrophenyl phosphate (PNPP) substrate, added to intact bacteria, must diffuse through the outer membrane to reach the enzyme. At low substrate concentration the bacterium was in the perfectly reactive state where all molecules that entered the periplasm were captured and converted to product. Transmembrane diffusion was rate limiting, and the permeability of the outer membrane was determined from kinetic properties. The O157:H7 strain grown at 30 degrees C showed one-sixth the permeability of wild-type E. coli grown at 30 degrees C. Wild-type bacteria grown at >/=37 degrees C show a physiological response with a shift in expression of outer membrane porins that lowered permeability to PNPP by approximately 70%. The O157:H7 strain did not display this temperature-sensitive shift in permeability even though a change in porin expression could be visualized by staining intensity of Omp F and Omp C on acrylamide gels. Altered behavior of the O157:H7 membrane was also indicated by a several thousand-fold lower response to transformation relative to wild-type E. coli. Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time of flight mass spectrometry and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry confirmed the expression of the Omp F and Omp C variants that are unique to E. coli O157:H7. This reduced outer membrane permeability can contribute to enhanced resistance of O157:H7 to antimicrobial agents.
Micromachined Antennas for Microwave MM-Wave Applications (1998)

http://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/21486/2/rl2463.0001.001.pdf
Epidermal Growth Factor Induces Cyclin D1 in Human Pancreatic Carcinoma: Evidence for a Cyclin D1–Dependent Cell Cycle Progression (2001)

These results demonstrate that cyclin D1 overexpression in the tumor cells of pancreatic carcinoma tissue is at least partly dependent on the mitogenic effects of EGF signaling through the EGFR.
Physiological relation between respiration activity and heterologous expression of selected benzoylformate decarboxylase variants in Escherichia coli (2010)

The BFD-variants with high cofactor binding affinity (wild type, His281Ala, Ser181Thr) obviously extract thiamine from the medium and bind it tightly to the enzyme. This might explain the hampered growth of these clones. In contrast, growth of clones expressing variants with low cofactor binding affinity (Leu476His, Leu476Pro, Leu476Pro-Ser181Thr) is not impaired. Leu476Gln has an intermediate cofactor binding strength, thus, growth of its host strain depends on the specific cultivation conditions. This paper shows that slight differences of the amino acid composition can affect protein expression and cultivation and might require an adaptation of media components. Effects such as the observed are hardly foreseeable and difficult to detect in conventional screening processes. Via small scale experiments with on-line measurements in shake flasks such effects influencing the cultivation and product formation can be detected and avoided.
Data from Inhibition of FGFR Reactivates IFNγ Signaling in Tumor Cells to Enhance the Combined Antitumor Activity of Lenvatinib with Anti-PD-1 Antibodies (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;Combination therapies consisting of immune checkpoint inhibitors plus anti-VEGF therapy show enhanced antitumor activity and are approved treatments for patients with renal cell carcinoma (RCC). The immunosuppressive roles of VEGF in the tumor microenvironment are well studied, but those of FGF/FGFR signaling remain largely unknown. Lenvatinib is a receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor that targets both VEGFR and FGFR. Here, we examine the antitumor activity of anti-PD-1 mAb combined with either lenvatinib or axitinib, a VEGFR-selective inhibitor, in RCC. Both combination treatments showed greater antitumor activity and longer survival in mouse models versus either single agent treatment, whereas anti-PD-1 mAb plus lenvatinib had enhanced antitumor activity compared with anti-PD-1 mAb plus axitinib. Flow cytometry analysis showed that lenvatinib decreased the population of tumor-associated macrophages and increased that of IFNγ-positive CD8&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt; T cells. Activation of FGFR signaling inhibited the IFNγ-stimulated JAK/STAT signaling pathway and decreased expression of its target genes, including &lt;i&gt;B2M&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;CXCL10&lt;/i&gt;, and &lt;i&gt;PD-L1&lt;/i&gt;. Furthermore, inhibition of FGFR signaling by lenvatinib restored the tumor response to IFNγ stimulation in mouse and human RCC cell lines. These preclinical results reveal novel roles of tumor FGFR signaling in the regulation of cancer immunity through inhibition of the IFNγ pathway, and the inhibitory activity of lenvatinib against FGFRs likely contributes to the enhanced antitumor activity of combination treatment comprising lenvatinib plus anti-PD-1 mAb.&lt;/p&gt;Significance:&lt;p&gt;FGFR pathway activation inhibits IFNγ signaling in tumor cells, and FGFR inhibition with lenvatinib enhances antitumor immunity and the activity of anti-PD-1 antibodies.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Genetic influences on the human oral microbiome (2017)

Using multiple methods, we have demonstrated that some aspects of the human oral microbiome are heritable and that with a relatively small sample we were able to identify two previously unidentified loci that may be involved.
Distribution of the Muscarinic K+ Channel Proteins Kir3.1 and Kir3.4 in the Ventricle, Atrium, and Sinoatrial Node of Heart (2001)

The functionally important effects on the heart of ACh released from vagal nerves are principally mediated by the muscarinic K+ channel. The aim of this study was to determine the abundance and cellular location of the muscarinic K+ channel subunits Kir3.1 and Kir3.4 in different regions of heart. Western blotting showed a very low abundance of Kir3.1 in rat ventricle, although Kir3.1 was undetectable in guinea pig and ferret ventricle. Although immunofluorescence on tissue sections showed no labeling of Kir3.1 in rat, guinea pig, and ferret ventricle and Kir3.4 in rat ventricle, immunofluorescence on single ventricular cells from rat showed labeling in t-tubules of both Kir3.1 and Kir3.4. Kir3.1 was abundant in the atrium of the three species, as shown by Western blotting and immunofluorescence, and Kir3.4 was abundant in the atrium of rat, as shown by immunofluorescence. Immunofluorescence showed Kir3.1 expression in SA node from the three species and Kir3.4 expression in the SA node from rat. The muscarinic K+ channel is activated by ACh via the m2 muscarinic receptor and, in atrium and SA node from ferret, Kir3.1 labeling was co-localized with m2 muscarinic receptor labeling throughout the outer cell membrane.
Predictions on heat transport and plasma rotation from global gyrokinetic simulations (2011)

Flux-driven global gyrokinetic codes are now mature enough to make predictions in terms of turbulence and transport in tokamak plasmas. Some of the recent breakthroughs of three such codes, namely GYSELA, ORB5 and XGC1, are reported and compared wherever appropriate. In all three codes, turbulent transport appears to be mediated by avalanche-like events, for a broad range of ρ * = ρ i / a values, ratio of the gyro-radius over the minor radius. Still, the radial correlation length scales with ρ i , leading to the gyro-Bohm scaling of the effective transport coefficient below ρ * ≈ 1/300. The possible explanation could be due to the fact that avalanches remain meso-scale due to the interaction with zonal flows, whose characteristic radial wavelength appears to be almost independent of the system size. As a result of the radial corrugation of the turbulence driven zonal and mean flows, the shear of the radial electric field can be significantly underestimated if poloidal rotation is assumed to be governed by the neoclassical theory, especially at low collisionality. Indeed, the turbulence contribution to the poloidal rotation increases when collisionality decreases. Finally, the numerical verification of toroidal momentum balance shows that both neoclassical and turbulent contributions to the Reynolds' stress tensor play the dominant role. The phase space analysis further reveals that barely passing supra-thermal particles mostly contribute to the toroidal flow generation, consistently with quasi-linear predictions.
Identification of cancer targets and therapeutics using phage display. (2006)

Phage display is a well-established approach for the identification of bioactive peptides and antibody fragments through the use of high diversity libraries. One major advantage of phage display lies in its ability to rapidly identify target-specific reagents with pharmacological activity as agonists or antagonists. Peptides and antibodies have several clinical advantages over traditional small-molecule chemotherapeutics, including specificity, selectivity and potency. Thus, phage display can be used to generate 'targeted therapeutics', which is the current clinical paradigm of choice in the field of oncology.
[Betaines of quaternary salts of pyridine-2-and -4-aldoxim (author's transl)]. (1976)

The monobetaine derived from the AChE-ractivator bis-[4-hydroxyiminomethyl-pyridinium-(1)-methyl]-either dichloride (obidoxim; Toxogonin), was shown to be in solution an intramolecular CT-complex. Some betaines of quaternary salts of pyridine-aldoximes were isolated.
HDDM, a formula consisting of seven herbs, had anti-diabetic but no immunomodulatory activities in multiple low doses of streptozotocin-treated female of B6C3F1 mice (2009)

The objectives of this study were to determine the effect of herb formula HDDM, a modification of Huangdan decoction that has been shown to be effective in the treatment of glomerulonephritis and chronic renal failure, on the blood glucose levels in multiple low doses (MLD; 50 mg/kg for five consecutive days) of streptozotocin (STZ)-treated female B6C3F1 mice. Initial studies were performed to compare diabetes induction in five strains (e.g., B6C3F1, NOD, CD-1, C3H/HeN and C57BL/6) of mice by MLD-STZ, and immune changes following the treatment. The results suggested that the order of susceptibility to diabetes induction was NOD <TEX>$\approx$</TEX> CD-1 > B6C3F1 <TEX>$\approx$</TEX> C3H > C57BL/6. Furthermore, STZ modulation of T cell development, differentiation and activation might play a role in diabetes induction by MLD-STZ treatment. MLD-STZ-induced diabetes in female B6C3F1 mice was moderate, which allowed the evaluation of drug-induced protection or exacerbation of diabetes to be performed. As such, modulation of blood glucose by HDDM, which consisted of Da Huang (Radix Et Rhizoma Rhei), Huang Qi (Radix Astragali Seu Hedysari), Dan Shen (Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae), Yin Yang Huo (Herba Epimedii), Yi Yi Ren (Semen Coicis or Coix lacryma-jobi), Mai Dong (Radix Ophiopogonis) and Shan Zhu Yu (Fructus Corni), was evaluated in MLD-STZ-treated female B6C3F1 mice. The results suggested that HDDM could lower the blood glucose levels, but it had no immunomodulatory activities. Additionally, HDDM-treated mice exhibited improved glucose tolerance. In conclusion, these studies have suggested that MLD-STZ-induced diabetes in female B6C3F1 mice is a useful model to evaluate drug modulation of diabetes, and that the herb formula HDDM possesses anti-diabetic effects.
High performance capacitors via aligned TiO2 nanowire array (2017)

Capacitors generally suffer from low energy density, which seriously limits their applications in energy storage devices. In this letter, TiO2 nanowire arrays were synthesized by a hydrothermal method and the morphologies were tuned by modulating the concentration of the Ti source. High energy density was realized after incorporating TiO2 nanowire arrays into a polyvinylidene fluoride matrix. The alignment of TiO2 nanowires with the direction of the applied electric field played an important role in achieving high breakdown strength and energy density, i.e., 380 kV/mm and 23.21 J/cm3, respectively. The findings provide a route to increase the energy density of polymer capacitors.