gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
On-line training of recurrent neural networks with continuous topology adaptation (1996)

This paper presents an online procedure for training dynamic neural networks with input-output recurrences whose topology is continuously adjusted to the complexity of the target system dynamics. This is accomplished by changing the number of the elements of the network hidden layer whenever the existing topology cannot capture the dynamics presented by the new data. The training mechanism is based on the suitably altered extended Kalman filter (EKF) algorithm which is simultaneously used for the network parameter adjustment and for its state estimation. The network consists of a single hidden layer with Gaussian radial basis functions (GRBF), and a linear output layer. The choice of the GRBF is induced by the requirements of the online learning. The latter implies the network architecture which permits only local influence of the new data point in order not to forget the previously learned dynamics. The continuous topology adaptation is implemented in our algorithm to avoid memory and computational problems of using a regular grid of GRBF'S which covers the network input space. Furthermore, we show that the resulting parameter increase can be handled "smoothly" without interfering with the already acquired information. If the target system dynamics are changing over time, we show that a suitable forgetting factor can be used to "unlearn" the no longer-relevant dynamics. The quality of the recurrent network training algorithm is demonstrated on the identification of nonlinear dynamic systems.
Analysis of the components of bile flow in the rhesus monkey (1975)

Bile flow studies were performed in three groups of awake rhesus monkeys. In the first group, the increase in bile flow stimulated by secretin was not accompanied by an increase in erythritol-14C clearance. Resection of the gastric antrum and small intestine in the second group resulted in stable bile flow at fixed bile salt secretion rates. Linear regression lines for bile flow versus bile salt secretion rate and erythritol-14C clearance versus bile salt secretion rate were parallel, and the Y-axis intercept for the latter was consistently higher than for the former. We concluded that erythritol-14C clearance equals canalicular flow, and ductular reabsorption is constant at all bile salt secretion rates in this species. Bile flow was studied during fasting and feeding, over 6 days, in the third group. A model incorporating four bile flow components was developed and tested by multivariate regression analysis. The data fit the model quite well, explaining greater than 90% of the variation in bile flow. A method of measuring the contribution to bile flow of each of the four components is provided.
Comprehensive yogic breathing program improves quality of life in patients with diabetes (2012)

There was significant improvement in the QOL and a non-significant trend toward improvement in glycemic control in the group practicing the comprehensive yogic breathing program compared with the group that was following standard treatment alone.
Prediction of collapse with magnetic resonance imaging of avascular necrosis of the femoral head. (1994)

In order to predict the probability of collapse of a femoral head in which there is avascular necrosis, we used magnetic resonance imaging to evaluate sixty-six hips (fifty patients) in which avascular necrosis was in the early stages and in which collapse of the head was not yet visible. The hips were followed radiographically for an average of forty-nine months (range, sixteen to eighty-four months), and with magnetic resonance imaging for an average of forty-four months (range, twelve to seventy-three months). Twenty-one (32 per cent) of the femoral heads had collapsed by thirty-two months. Of the twenty-three femoral heads in which necrosis involved at least one-fourth of the diameter of the head and encompassed at least two-thirds of the major weight-bearing area, seventeen (74 per cent) had collapsed by thirty-two months.
Recent progress in metal-organic chemical vapor deposition of $\left( 000\bar{1} \right)$ N-polar group-III nitrides (2014)

Progress in metal-organic chemical vapor deposition of high quality N-polar (Al, Ga, In)N films on sapphire, silicon carbide and silicon substrates is reviewed with focus on key process components such as utilization of vicinal substrates, conditions ensuring a high surface mobility of species participating in the growth process, and low impurity incorporation. The high quality of the fabricated films enabled the demonstration of N-polar (Al, Ga, In)N based devices with excellent performance for transistor applications. Challenges related to the growth of high quality N-polar InGaN films are also presented.
Pentadecadentate Chelating Ligands as Building Blocks for a {Fe6} Cage with 12 Exo-Coordinated Sodium Cations (2004)

Complexation of the highly branched, pentadecadentate chelating ligand cis,cis-1,3,5-cyclohexanetriamine-N,N,N',N',N",N"-hexaacetic acid (H(6)L) with iron(III) and sodium cations in the presence of carbonate anions leads to the formation of an [Fe6L2] cluster comprising an [Fe6] cage linked by 12 exo-coordinated sodium cations to form an extended 3D array.
Assessing the performance of the blue mussel (mytilus edulis) in an integrated multi-trophic aquaculture (IMTA) setting (2010)

Integrated multi-trophic aquaculture (IMTA) uses extractive organisms such as mussels to reduce wastes of fed organisms such as finfish and provide additional product for the growers. The physical and biochemical properties of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) wastes (feces and uneaten feed) were analyzed and the waste remediation potential and performance (growth and biochemical composition) of blue mussels (Mytilus edulis), were assessed. Waste generated daily by Atlantic cod represented 24.9% of the feed added to the system. Effluent was composed of particles &lt;70 µm (36%), 70-500 µm (31%) and particles &gt;500 µm (33%). Particles &lt;70 µm had significantly less organic matter, lipids and fatty acids and were expected to be ingested more frequently by mussels. Effluent contained the fatty acid zooplankton markers (22: 1ω11 and 20: 1ω9) which accumulated in mussels. Effluent fed mussels had an inferior performance and contained significantly more MUFA, 18: 1ω9 and the NMID 20:2a as well as less ω3 than algae fed mussels. It is believed aquaculture wastes have potential as a diet supplement when natural seston is low.
Electrochemical Oxidation and Reduction of Flavin–Adenine Dinucleotide Adsorbed on a Mercury Electrode Surface (1983)

Abstract The electrochemical redox reaction of flavin–adenine dinucleotide (FAD) adsorbed on a hanging mercury drop electrode was studied in a pH 6.9 phosphate buffer by means of cyclic d.c. and a.c. voltammetry. Both the oxidized and reduced forms of FAD were strongly adsorbed on the mercury electrode surface. At the surface concentrations of FAD, Γ, lower than 5.0×10−11 mol cm−2, the cyclic d.c. and a.c. voltammetric behavior of adsorbed FAD was explained by the theory for a two-step one-electron surface redox reaction. The formal redox potential, semiquinone formation constant, and charge transfer rate constant for the surface redox reaction of FAD and the interaction parameter of adsorbed FAD species were determined. Cyclic d.c. voltammetry and differential capacity measurement showed that, as Γ exceeded 5×10−11 mol cm−2, the reorientation of adsorbed FAD molecules occurred. At Γ&amp;gt;5.8×10−11 mol cm−2, the semiquinone formation constant was very small and the behavior was interpreted by the theory of a single-step two-electron surface redox reaction. The electrochemical surface redox properties of FAD adsorbed on a mercury electrode surface appear to depend on the orientation mode of adsorbed FAD molecules.
The relationship between static occlusion and functional occlusion in a dental school population. (1991)

The relationship between static occlusion and functional occlusion was evaluated in 101 dental and dental hygiene students. The sample was selected from a population of 467 students who were enrolled at one dental school during the 1987-1988 academic year based upon the following criteria: age range 18 to 32 years; caucasian race; no prior orthodontic treatment; at least 28 natural teeth present; no occlusal adjustments; and no large restorations, crowns or bridges. Fifty-two (52) of the subjects possessed "normal" static occlusion, 26 had a Class I malocclusion, 16 were found to have a Class II malocclusion, and 7 had a Class III malocclusion. The majority (i.e., 75%) of the 101 subjects possessed non-working (balancing) functional contacts. Seventy-five (75) of the subjects possessed balanced occlusion, nine had canine-protected occlusion, nine possessed group function occlusion, and eight had mixed canine-protected/group functional occlusion. This study found no statistically significant relationship between static occlusion and functional occlusion, however, there was a trend for balanced occlusion to be more often associated with "normal" (ideal) static occlusion.
Conditions for Extinction Events in Chemical Reaction Networks with Discrete State Spaces (2017)

We study chemical reaction networks with discrete state spaces, such as the standard continuous time Markov chain model, and present sufficient conditions on the structure of the network that guarantee the system exhibits an extinction event. The conditions we derive involve creating a modified chemical reaction network called a domination-expanded reaction network and then checking properties of this network. We apply the results to several networks including an EnvZ-OmpR signaling pathway in Escherichia coli. This analysis produces a system of equalities and inequalities which, in contrast to previous results on extinction events, allows algorithmic implementation. Such an implementation will be investigated in a companion paper where the results are applied to 458 models from the European Bioinformatics Institute's BioModels database.
fac-Tricarbonylchlorobis(pyridine-N)rhenium andfac-Tricarbonylchlorobis(4,4'-bipyridine-N)rhenium (1998)

Structural analyses for the title compounds (OC-6–32)-tricarbonylchlorobis(pyridine-N)rhenium(I), [ReCl(C5H5N)2(CO)3] and (OC-6–32)-tricarbonylchlorobis(4,4′-bipyridine-N)rhenium(I), [ReCl(C10H8N2)2(CO)3] show that both complexes have the expected fac-octahedral geometry. The pyridine complex has a local C2 symmetry, with the rotation axis bisecting the N—Re—N' and OC—Re—CO angles. In contrast with closely related tetrameric assemblies which crystallize as porous channel-containing structures, the title compounds form dense crystals which are packed in herring-bone fashion.
Simultaneous protection of G156A methylguanine DNA methyltransferase gene-transduced hematopoietic progenitors and sensitization of tumor cells using O6-benzylguanine and temozolomide. (1999)

O6-Benzylguanine (BG) potentiates temozolomide (TMZ) cytotoxicity in tumors by inactivating O6-alkylguanine DNA alkyltransferase but also increases toxicity in hematopoietic cells. To improve the hematopoietic cell tolerance to alkylating agents, we retrovirally transduced the BG-resistant mutant G156A methylguanine DNA methyltransferase gene (deltaMGMT) into hematopoietic progenitors and evaluated whether deltaMGMT expression in hematopoietic colony-forming units would result in greater drug resistance to TMZ. DeltaMGMT expression in human and mouse colony-forming units followed by BG treatment resulted in a >7.7-fold increase in the TMZ 90% inhibitory concentration (IC90) and a 5.6-fold increase in the 1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea (BCNU) IC90 relative to untransduced cells. This degree of protection enabled deltaMGMT-transduced CD34 cells to become much more resistant to BG and TMZ than SW480 cells, which express high O6-alkylguanine DNA alkyltransferase and are normally resistant to TMZ or BCNU alone. DeltaMGMT-transduced long-term culture initiating cells were also resistant to the BG and TMZ combination, as were untransduced long-term culture initiating cells, suggesting that noncycling early progenitors may be partially protected from TMZ. These data indicate that retroviral transduction of deltaMGMT into hematopoietic progenitors followed by BG and TMZ treatment may selectively protect hematopoietic cells more efficiently than BCNU, allowing dose-intensive and repetitive therapy without the risk of cumulative myelosuppression.
Mutual-Information Optimized Quantization for LDPC Decoding of Accurately Modeled Flash Data (2012)

High-capacity NAND flash memories use multi-level cells (MLCs) to store multiple bits per cell and achieve high storage densities. Higher densities cause increased raw bit error rates (BERs), which demand powerful error correcting codes. Low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes are a well-known class of capacity-approaching codes in AWGN channels. However, LDPC codes traditionally use soft information while the flash read channel provides only hard information. Low resolution soft information may be obtained by performing multiple reads per cell with distinct word-line voltages. We select the values of these word-line voltages to maximize the mutual information between the input and output of the equivalent multiple-read channel under any specified noise model. Our results show that maximum mutual-information (MMI) quantization provides better soft information for LDPC decoding given the quantization level than the constant-pdf-ratio quantization approach. We also show that adjusting the LDPC code degree distribution for the quantized setting provides a significant performance improvement.
Game-Theoretical Basics (2017)

Part I (Microeconomic Fundamentals) of this book provides a succinct introduction to methods and models from microeconomics. In this chapter we introduce and define basic concepts and terminology from game theory will be used throughout the rest of the book. Game theory is the mathematical study of interactions among independent selfinterested agents or players in a game.We limit ourselves to non-cooperative game theory and refer the interested reader to more extensive treatments such as Osborne (2004) or Shoham and Leyton-Brown (2009), whose notation we share. Non-cooperative game theory focuses on situations where self-interested agents have conflicting goals. This chapter will introduce different types of games and central solution concepts, i.e., methods to predict the outcomes of a game played by rational agents. In some parts of the book we will also draw on cooperative game theory, which focuses on predicting which coalitions will form among a group of players, the joint actions that groups take, and the resulting collective payoffs. A cooperative game is a game with competition between groups of players or coalitions. However, we introduce the respective concepts later where needed, in order to keep the chapter concise.
New Heterometallic Coordination Polymers Self-Assembled from Copper(II) Nitrate and (Diamine)PtII(pyridinecarboxylates)2 (2003)

One-dimensional (1-D), two-dimensional (2-D), and three-dimensional (3-D) coordination polymers were prepared by self-assembly of binary metal complex systems, copper(II) nitrate and (en)Pt(II)(nic)(2) or (dmpda)Pt(II)(isonic)(2) (en = ethylenediamine, dmpda = 2,2'-dimethyl-1,3-propanediamine, nic = nicotinate, and isonic = isonicotinate), in aqueous solutions. Equimolar reactions of copper(II) nitrate with (dmpda)Pt(II)(isonic)(2) and (en)Pt(II)(nic)(2) resulted in 1-D ([(dmpda)Pt(isonic)(2)Cu(OH(2))(3)](NO(3))(2))(n)() (1) and 2-D ([(en)Pt(nic)(2)Cu(OH(2))](NO(3))(2))(n) (2), respectively, but the reaction of (en)Pt(II)(nic)(2) with excess copper(II) nitrate gave 3-D ([((en)Pt(nic)(2))(3)Cu(5)(OH)(2)(OH(2))(6)](NO(3))(8))(n) (3). The local structure of crystal 1 has a mononuclear copper unit, 2 has a dinuclear copper unit with a Cu-Cu distance of 2.659(5) A, and 3 has a pentanuclear copper unit. The methyl groups of the dmpda ligand are located in the space between two isonicotinate ligands of 1, which is presumed to be an important factor to determine the final structure of the crystal formed by self-assembly. Magnetic behaviors of crystals 1-3 examined in the temperature range of 4-300 K appear to be governed by the local structures around the copper(II) ions and do not indicate any significant long-range magnetic exchange interactions along the polymeric chain.
Suprascapular nerve entrapment (1991)

Suprascapular nerve entrapment is an acquired neuropathy secondary to compression of the nerve in the bony suprascapular notch. A series of 27 cases, the largest reported to date, is presented and examined as to the best and most appropriate method of diagnosis and treatment. The entity is described in detail as to its origin, anatomy, and pathophysiology.
In Vitro and In Vivo Antibacterial Activities of DW286, a New Fluoronaphthyridone Antibiotic (2002)

The in vitro and in vivo activities of DW286, a novel fluoronaphthyridone with potent antibacterial activity, were compared with those of ciprofloxacin, gemifloxacin, sparfloxacin, and trovafloxacin. Against gram-positive bacteria, such as Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Streptococcus pneumoniae, and Enterococcus faecalis, the in vitro activity of DW286 was stronger than that of any other reference antibiotic. Against gram-negative bacteria, the activity of DW286 was similar to those of trovafloxacin and gemifloxacin but was weaker than that of ciprofloxacin. In a mouse systemic infection caused by three S. aureus strains, including methicillin-resistant S. aureus and quinolone-resistant S. aureus (QRSA), DW286 demonstrated the most potent activity, as found in vitro. Specially, DW286 is >or=8-fold more active against QRSA than the other fluoroquinolones. And the 50% protective doses for DW286 were correspondent with the in vitro activities.
Computer models to support investigations of surface subsidence and associated ground motion induced by underground coal gasification (1981)

Two computer codes compare surface subsidence induced by underground coal gasification at Hoe Creek, Wyoming, and Centralia, Washington. Calculations with the STEALTH explicit finite-difference code are shown to match equivalent, implicit finite-element method solutions for the removal of underground material. Effects of removing roof material, varying elastic constants, investigating thermal shrinkage, and burning multiple coal seams are studied. A coupled, finite-difference continuum rigid-block caving code is used to model underground opening behavior. Numerical techniques agree qualitatively with empirical studies but, so far, underpredict ground surface displacement. The two methods, numerical and empirical, are most effective when used together. It is recommended that the thermal characteristics of coal measure rock be investigated and that additional calculations be carried out to longer times so that cooling influences can be modeled.
SLAM with salient line feature extraction in indoor environments (2010)

This paper presents a simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) of a large indoor environment using Rao-Blackwellized particle filter (RBPF) along with line segments as the landmarks. To represent the environment as a compact form, we use only two end points of the line segment, reducing computational cost in modeling line uncertainty. With a modified scan point clustering method, the proposed adaptive iterative end point fitting (IEPF) plays an important role in estimating line parameters by taking a noisy scan point near end points into account. Thus, by line-segment matching the robot is localized well in a local frame. We also introduce an online global optimization of a map, which provides more consistent map by removing spurious lines and merging collinear lines. Each of our approaches is efficiently integrated into the proposed RBPF-SLAM framework. Experiments with well-known data set demonstrate that the proposed method provides a reliable SLAM performance along with a compact map representation.
ChemInform Abstract: Mizoroki—Heck Reaction (2011)

Abstract Review: 116 refs.
Dual Chamber Pacing Aborts Vasovagal Syncope Induced by Head‐Up 60° Tilt (1991)

To determine if pacing might prevent syncope in cardioinhibitory 'Malignant Vasovagal Syndrome' (also known as 'Neurally-Mediated Bradycardia/Hypotension'), a study of dual chamber pacing during head-up 60 degrees tilt was undertaken. Paired invasive tilts were performed in 10 patients who had a history of recurrent syncope, normal routine investigations including electrophysiological study and prior tilt-induced vasovagal syncope. Vasovagal reactions of identical severity were produced by prolonged 60 degrees head-up tilt on consecutive days in seven out of 10 patients. On day 2, without pacing, seven patients had tilt-induced vasovagal reactions and six became syncopal during the reaction. On day 3, with temporary DVI pacing with rate hysteresis, seven patients had tilt-induced vasovagal reactions and 1 patient was syncopal. Syncope was aborted in the other five patients. DVI pacing significantly improved cardiac index (CI) (one +/- 0.2 to 1.6 +/- 0.3 L/min/m2, P less than 0.01) and mean arterial blood pressure (MABP) (30 +/- 11 to 48 +/- 12 mmHg, P less than 0.01) during vasovagal reactions on day 3 compared with day 2. The mean period of time that patients could tolerate in the tilted position after the onset of the tilt-induced vasovagal reaction was significantly prolonged by pacing from 0.9 +/- 1.2 to 3.2 +/- 1.6 min (P less than 0.01). Dual chamber pacing may abort syncope in 85% of patients with cardioinhibitory malignant vasovagal syndrome. Pacing may prolong consciousness sufficiently during a vasovagal reaction to allow injury to be avoided.