gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Различие в цереброваскулярных и противоишемических эффектах дофамина, докозагексаеноилдофамина и конъюгата ГАМК с докозагексаеноилдофамином (2015)

Проведено сравнительное изучение влияния дофамина, синтетических докозагексаеноилдофамина (DHA-DA) и конъюгата ГАМК с докозагексаеноилдофамином (OXL1220) на кровообращение интактного и ишемизированного мозга. Выявлены различия в цереброваскулярных и противоишемических эффектах исследованных соединений. Дофамин и DHA-DA усиливают кровоснабжение интактного и ишемизированного мозга, которое сопровождается выраженной гипертензивной реакцией. Последний при этом проявляет свойства ингибитора дофаминового транспортёра с IC50 = 29 мкМ, но практически неактивен как лиганд дофаминовых рецепторов. OXL1220 оказывает избирательное сосудорасширяющее действие на кровоснабжение мозга, подвергнутого глобальной преходящей ишемии. Причём лишь OXL1220 конкурирует за места специфического связывания [3H]-габазина на ГАМКА-рецепторах коры мозга крыс in vitro. Следовательно, включение в структуру DHA-DA нейромедиатора — ГАМК — изменяет дофаминергический характер активности вещества на ГАМК-ергический в отношении тонуса сосудов ишемизированного мозга.
Systemic Antiinflammatory Corticosteroid Reduces Mechanical Pain Behavior, Sympathetic Sprouting, and Elevation of Proinflammatory Cytokines in a Rat Model of Neuropathic Pain (2007)

Several components of the spinal nerve injury model are responsive to corticosteroid, suggesting inflammatory processes are important in the development of neuropathic pain. The observation that TA was effective when given starting at the time of injury suggests that steroid treatment might alter the development of chronic pain after surgical procedures that involve nerve injury, such as amputation or hernia repair.
EXPERIMENTALLY INDUCED CHANGES IN THE BASE COMPOSITION OF THE RIBONUCLEIC ACIDS OF ISOLATED NERVE CELLS AND THEIR OLIGODENDROGLIAL CELLS (1961)

The effect of tricyano-amino-propene, a dimer of malononitrile, on the base composition of the RNA in isolated Deiters' nerve cells and their oligodendroglial cells has been studied using a microelectrophoretic method. Tri-a-p in a dose of 20 mg/kg has the effect of increasing the RNA and protein content per nerve cell by 25 per cent and decreasing the glia RNA by 45 per cent. The RNA base composition of the nerve cells from the control animals differs from that of their glial cells. The guanine of the nerve cell is significantly higher than that of the glia, but the content of cytosine is higher in the glia than in the RNA of nerve cell. The cytosine of nerve cells decreased significantly after tri-a-p administration. In the glial cells the cytosine showed a 20 per cent increase, and the guanine a 25 per cent decrease. Tri-a-p sharpened the difference in RNA composition already existing between the control nerve cells and their glial cells by almost 300 per cent for the guanine and by 400 per cent for the cytosine. The chemical and functional relationship between the nerve cell and its oligodendroglial cells is discussed.
S3243 Colonoscopy Quality Metrics After a Positive Stool DNA Test in a Community-Based Gastroenterology Practice: The Huron Gastro Experience (2021)

Introduction: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second leading cause of cancer-related mortality in the United States. Colonoscopy is the gold standard modality for CRC screening. Multi-target stool DNA (mt-sDNA) testing has been validated in average risk patients and its utility has recently increased. This study aims to evaluate the effects of positive mt-sDNA test on subsequent diagnostic colonoscopy (DC) quality metrics [adenoma detection rate (ADR), withdrawal time (WT), and cecal intubation rate (CIR)] as compared to screening colonoscopy (SC). Methods: A retrospective chart review was performed of patients with positive mt-sDNA test referred to our high-volume community-based gastroenterology (GI) practice from January 2015 to December 2020. Patient demographics, procedural data and colonoscopy findings were extracted. Characteristics conferring increased risk of CRC were also collected including personal history of adenomas, personal or family history of CRC and personal history of inflammatory bowel disease. Quality metrics data of DC after positive mt-sDNA was compared to our practice’s SC data. Two-tailed Z-test and t-test were used for statistical analysis. Results: A total of 943 patients with positive mt-sDNA test were identified (61% female, mean age 65.6 ± 8.8 years), of which, 52 patiens were lost to follow-up or declined DC. 173 patients (18.4%) were found to have increased risk of CRC. Of the 891 patients who underwent DC, 167 (18.7%) had no polyps detected and 75 out of the remaining 724 patients (10.3%) had only hyperplastic polyps. Tubulovillous adenomas and high grade dysplasia were detected in 76 (10.5%) and 11 (1.5%) patients, respectively. CRC was diagnosed in 23 patients (3.18%). ADR was significantly higher in DC vs SC (72.9% vs 48.6%, p< 0.0001) and average WT was significantly longer in DC vs SC (15.3 ± 7.6 min vs 12.4 ± 2.3 min, p < 0.0001). CIR was similar between both groups. Conclusion: The use of home-based mt-sDNA test is on the rise given its convenience and non-invasive nature as compared to SC. Positive mt-sDNA patients had a significantly higher ADR and WT on DC when compared to SC in a community-based GI practice. 18.4% of cases were high risk patients and no adenomatous polyps were detected in 27.1% of the screened population. When mt-sDNA testing is offered to patients, a thorough assessment of CRC risk factors is vital. Further studies are needed to determine the cost-effectiveness of this screening test.Table 1.: Patient Demographics and Procedural Data.
The LCS6 polymorphism in the binding site of let-7 microRNA to the KRAS 3′-untranslated region (2013)

These data support the pharmacogenetic role of the KRAS let-7 LCS6 polymorphism in predicting the efficacy of anti-EGFR-based therapy in mCRC patients with the KRAS and the BRAF wild-type genotype.
Interactive 3D Geometric Modelers with 2D UI. (2002)

This paper presents an object-oriented framework which enhances the collaboration of three categories of experts that play fundamental role in the development of a software for interactive 3D geometric modelers.
Investigation of discrete component chip mounting technology for hybrid microelectronic circuits (1975)

The use of polymer adhesives for high reliability microcircuit applications is a radical deviation from past practices in electronic packaging. Bonding studies were performed using two gold-filled conductive adhesives, 10/90 tin/lead solder and Indalloy no. 7 solder. Various types of discrete components were mounted on ceramic substrates using both thick-film and thin-film metallization. Electrical and mechanical testing were performed on the samples before and after environmental exposure to MIL-STD-883 screening tests.
A fast spectral estimation algorithm based on the FFT (1994)

A simple FFT-based algorithm for spectrum estimation is presented. The major difference between this and spectrum estimation using a single pass through the FFT is that the proposed algorithm is iterative and the FFT is used many times in a systematic may to search for individual spectral lines. Using simulated data, the proposed algorithm is able to detect mulitple sinusoids in additive noise. The algorithm is certainly better than the single pass FFT in separating closely spaced sinusoids. Finally the algorithm is applied to some experimental measurements to illustrate its properties.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
An adaptive nonparametric approach to restoration and interpolation for medical imaging (2009)

We present the application of a novel nonparametric approach to restoration and interpolation of medical images. The proposed approach is based on the notion of spatially adaptive filtering where locally computed filters adjust to the underlying estimated geometry of the signal of interest. In particular, the approach allows for high performance denoising, restoration and interpolation of images from a variety of modalities using the same mathematical and computational framework.
A Hairpin DNA-Based Piezoelectric E-Nose: Exploring the Performances of Heptamer Loops for the Detection of Volatile Organic Compounds (2021)

A hairpin DNA (hpDNA) piezoelectric gas sensors array with heptamer loops as sensing elements was designed, realized, and challenged with pure volatile organic compounds VOCs and real samples (beer). The virtual binding versus five chemical classes (alcohols, aldehydes, esters, hydrocarbons, and ketones) of the entire combinatorial library of heptamer loops (16,384 elements) was studied by molecular modelling. Six heptamer loops, having the largest variance in binding the chemical classes, were selected to build the array. The six gas sensors were realized by immobilizing onto gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) via a thiol spacer the hpDNA constituted by the heptamer loops and the same double helix stem of four base pairs (GAAG at 5′ and CTTC at 3′ end). The HpDNA-AuNP was used to modify the surface of 20 MHz quartz crystal microbalances (QCMs). The realized E-nose was able to clearly discriminate among 15 pure VOCs of different chemical classes, as demonstrated by hierarchical cluster analysis. The analysis of real beer samples during fermentation was also carried out. In such a challenging matrix consisting of 23 different VOCs, the hpDNA E-nose with heptamer loops was able to discriminate among different fermentation times with high success rate. Class assignment using the Bayes theorem gave an excellent 98% correct beer samples classification in cross-validation.
Ah receptor regulation of CYP1B1 expression in primary mouse embryo-derived cells. (1997)

Cytochrome P4501B1 is highly active in the bioactivation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) to mutagenic metabolites. The C3H mouse embryo fibroblast cell line, C3H10T1/2, and primary mouse embryo fibroblasts (MEFs) express CYP1B1 as the predominant cytochrome P-450 form. This is constitutively expressed and induced by 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) but also, to a greater extent, by PAH. To establish the role of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) in the induction responses to PAH and TCDD in MEFs, we measured CYP1B1 expression in primary MEFs generated from congenic C57b/6 mice that differ only at the AhR locus. These MEF cells express either b-1 or d-type Ah receptors, with high and low affinities for AhR agonists, respectively. Both types of MEFs express constitutive CYP1B1 to a similar extent, as measured by expression of mRNA, protein, and activity (PAH metabolism). Induction of CYP1B1 in responsive b-1 MEFs exhibited a 5-fold lower EC50 for TCDD, as compared with MEFs expressing d-type AhR. This is fully consistent with AhR mediation of the induction. Maximal induction of CYP1B1 by 10(-8) M TCDD was comparable in each MEF type. Very low levels of CYP1A1 mRNA, detected by reverse transcriptase-PCR, show a similar dependence on AhR phenotype in these MEFs. The expression of CYP1B1 was highly dependent upon the passage number of the primary MEF cultures. Paralleling decreased proliferation of these cells after passage 7 are changes in cell morphology, the appearance of increasing numbers of differentiated cell types, and the complete loss of CYP1B1 expression. Colonies of these MEFs, which have escaped senescence, proliferate at much later passages, regain CYP1B1 expression, and exhibit the same AhR-dependent CYP1B1 induction responses, as observed in early-passage MEFs and the C3H10T1/2 cell line. We conclude that CYP1B1 expression, including induction via the AhR, parallels a proliferative state for MEF cells.
A Functional Outcomes Survey of Elderly Patients who Sustained Distal Radius Fractures (2011)

In elderly patients with distal radius fractures, the only radiographic parameter we found that affects functional outcome is an associated ulnar styloid fracture. Additionally, females had worse functional outcomes than males.
High-speed Projection Method of Swing Plane for Golf Training (2020)

Display technologies that show dynamic information such as club swing motion are useful for golf training, but conventional methods have a large latency from sensing the motion to displaying them for users. In this study, we propose an immediate, high-speed projection method of swing plane geometric information onto the ground during the swing. The method utilizes marker-based clubhead posture estimation and a mirror-based high-speed tracking system. The intersection line with the ground, which is the geometric information of the swing plane, is immediately cast by a high-speed projector. We have experimentally confirmed the sufficiently low latency of the projection itself for swing motions and have demonstrated the temporal convergence and predictive display of the swing plane line projection around the bottom of the swing motion.
Demonstration of Power Generation from Fertilizer Solutions via Pressure-Retarded Osmosis (2021)

Highlights Mechanical work can be generated from fertilizer via pressure-retarded osmosis. Laboratory tests show up to 5 Wh of energy recovered per kg of fertilizer. Tradeoffs between energy recovery and power generation are demonstrated. Maintaining power above 5 W m -2 is reasonable given current membrane technology. Abstract . Large amounts of energy are released when concentrated fertilizers are diluted in water. In this study, we demonstrate the use of fertilizer to generate useful mechanical work via pressure-retarded osmosis (PRO). A number of common single solutes and fertilizer blends were analyzed using both experimental and numerical methods. Laboratory test trials showed energy recovery of up to 5 Wh kg-1 of fertilizer and power of up 6 W m-2 of membrane area given commercial cellulose triacetate membranes. A drop in power was demonstrated throughout the fertilizer PRO batch process, and the resulting tradeoffs between energy recovery and power density are discussed. Simulation results suggest that high-performance membranes can be used to maintain elevated power above 5 W m-2 throughout the batch process, while recovering approximately 5 Wh kg-1. The loss of valuable fertilizer via leakage to the feed stream was found to be less than 1% of the initial fertilizer mass, suggesting that this non-ideal dynamic can be reasonably minimized. Implications at the food-energy-water nexus are discussed. Keywords: Fertilizer osmosis, Forward osmosis, Fertilizer energy, Food-energy-water nexus.
Boosting of SARS-CoV-2 immunity in nonhuman primates using an oral rhabdoviral vaccine (2021)

Abstract An orally active vaccine capable of boosting SARS-CoV-2 immune responses in previously infected or vaccinated individuals would help efforts to achieve and sustain herd immunity. Unlike mRNA-loaded lipid nanoparticles and recombinant replication-defective adenoviruses, replicating vesicular stomatitis viruses with SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoproteins (VSV-SARS2) were poorly immunogenic after intramuscular administration in clinical trials. Here, by G protein trans-complementation, we generated VSV-SARS2(+G) virions with expanded target cell tropism. Compared to parental VSV-SARS2, G-supplemented viruses were orally active in virus-naive and vaccine-primed cynomolgus macaques, powerfully boosting SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibody titers. Clinical testing of this oral VSV-SARS2(+G) vaccine is planned.
Chapter 11. Rationale for Tau-Aggregation Inhibitor Therapy in Alzheimer's Disease and Other Tauopathies (2010)

Alzheimer's disease is an irreversible, neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the progressive loss of memory and thinking skills. A close correlate of this cognitive decline is the aggregation of tau protein, of which neurofibrillary tangles are composed. The process of tau aggregation follows a stereotypical pattern of spread throughout the cortex which begins well before the tangles appear. Autocatalytic capture and assembly of tau into oligomeric aggregates and subsequently into filaments has been replicated in cellular and transgenic models of tau aggregation. It is postulated that in sporadic AD, an age-related defect in mitochondrial turnover producing congestion in the endosomal-lysosomal pathway leads both to nucleation of tau aggregation and decreased capacity of this pathway to clear tau oligomers which are free to propagate further tau aggregation. Upstream intervention aiming to reduce tau entry into the autocatalytic aggregation pathway is predicted to have a purely transient effect. By contrast, disaggregation of oligomers offers the potential to alter the rate of disease progression by facilitating clearance of the constituent monomers through the more efficient proteasomal pathway and bypassing the endosomal-lysosomal pathway. This forms the basis of the rationale for using methylthioninium chloride (MTC) as the first Tau Aggregation Inhibitor, or TAI. MTC has proven effective in reversing both cognitive deficits and tau pathology in transgenic mice. In a phase 2 clinical trial of 321 subjects with mild or moderate AD, MTC reduced the rate of disease progression by 84% over 50 weeks when measured by the ADAS-cog scale.
Prevalence and clonal nature of Escherichia coli O157:H7 on dairy farms in Wisconsin (1996)

A survey was conducted between March and October of 1994 to determine the prevalence and identify the sources of serotype O157:H7 isolates of Escherichia coli in Wisconsin dairy herds. A stratified sample of 400 farms was identified, and 70 farms with weaned calves less than 4 months old were included in the study. During the prevalence study, 5 of the 70 farms (herd prevalence, 7.1 +/- 4.5%) and fecal samples from 10 of 560 calves (animal prevalence, 1.8%) tested positive for serotype O157:H7. In a follow-up study, the five O157:H7-positive farms and seven of the O157:H7-negative farms identified in the prevalence study were visited again. An additional 517 fecal samples from cattle of various ages were tested, and a total of 15 animals from four of the five herds that were previously positive and 4 animals from two of seven herds that were previously negative tested positive for E. coli O157:H7. Observations made during the follow-up study suggested that horizontal transmission was an important means of E. coli O157:H7 dissemination on the farms. A total of 302 environmental samples, were examined, and 2 animal drinking water samples from one previously negative farm and 1 animal drinking water sample from a previously positive farm contained E. coli O157:H7. Analyses by the pulsed-field gel electrophoresis technique of contour-clamped homogeneous electric field electrophoresis revealed that isolates from the same farm displayed identical or very similar XbaI restriction endonuclease digestion profiles (REDP), whereas isolates from different farms typically displayed different REDP. However, more than one REDP was usually observed for a given herd over the 8-month sampling period. Analyses of multiple isolates from an animal revealed that some animals harbored O157:H7 strains that had different REDP, although the REDP of isolates obtained from the same fecal sample were very similar. Collectively, 160 bovine isolates obtained from 29 different animals and three water isolates displayed 20 distinct XbaI REDP. Our data revealed that there are several clonal types of serotype O157:H7 isolates in Wisconsin and indicated that there is probably more than one source of this pathogen on the dairy farms studied. However, animal drinking water was identified as one source of E. coli O157:H7 on one farm.
Enriching the Earth (2000)

Dr. Smil is the world's authority on nitrogenous fertilizer.The industrial synthesis of ammonia from nitrogen and hydrogen has been of greater fundamental importance to the modern world than the invention of the airplane, nuclear energy, space flight, or television. The expansion of the world's population from 1.6 billion people in 1900 to today's six billion would not have been possible without the synthesis of ammonia.In Enriching the Earth, Vaclav Smil begins with a discussion of nitrogen's unique status in the biosphere, its role in crop production, and traditional means of supplying the nutrient. He then looks at various attempts to expand natural nitrogen flows through mineral and synthetic fertilizers. The core of the book is a detailed narrative of the discovery of ammonia synthesis by Fritz Haber—a discovery scientists had sought for over one hundred years—and its commercialization by Carl Bosch and the chemical company BASF. Smil also examines the emergence of the large-scale nitrogen fertilizer industry and analyzes the extent of global dependence on the Haber-Bosch process and its biospheric consequences. Finally, it looks at the role of nitrogen in civilization and, in a sad coda, describes the lives of Fritz Haber and Carl Bosch after the discovery of ammonia synthesis.
FingerCode: a filterbank for fingerprint representation and matching (2003)

With the identity fraud in our society reaching unprecedented proportions and with an increasing emphasis on the emerging automatic positive personal identification applications, biometrics-based identification, especially fingerprint-based identification, is receiving a lot of attention. There are two major shortcomings of the traditional approaches to fingerprint representation. For a significant fraction of population, the representations based on explicit detection of complete ridge structures in the fingerprint are difficult to extract automatically. The widely used minutiae-based representation does not utilize a significant component of the rich discriminatory information, available in the fingerprints. The proposed filter-based algorithm uses a bank of Gabor filters to capture both the local and the global details in a fingerprint as a compact 640-byte fixed length FingerCode. The fingerprint matching is based on the Euclidean distance between the two corresponding FingerCodes and hence is extremely fast. Our initial results show identification accuracies comparable to the best results of minutiae-based algorithms published in the open literature. Finally, we show that the matching performance can be improved by combining the decisions of the matchers based on complementary fingerprint information.
Focused Ion Beam Failure Analysis and Circuit Edit Applications. (2020)

Abstract not provided.
Polyphenoloxidase from guava (Psidium guajava L.) (1985)

Abstract Polyphenoloxidase (PPO) was isolated from guava ( Psidium guajava L., cv. Kampuchea). Purification by acetone precipitation and dialysis of the Amicon concentrate resulted in 4.9‐fold and 17.2‐fold purification of the dialysed crude extract respectively. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis indicated that PPO had a molecular weight in the region of 120000–140000. The pH optimum of the enzyme was found to be 7.2. Heat inactivation studies showed that heating for 1.1, 3.5, and 10.1 min at 75, 65 and 55°C respectively caused a 50% loss in enzymic activity. The enzyme‐catalysed browning reaction was significantly inhibited in the presence of sodium metabisulphite, L‐cysteine hydrochloride and ascorbic acid.