gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Safety of Sublaminar Wires With Isola Instrumentation for the Treatment of Idiopathic Scoliosis (2000)

Despite the increasing complexity of spinal instrumentation systems, sublaminar wire placement is a safe and useful adjunct in the surgical treatment of neurologically intact patients with idiopathic scoliosis.
Phosphorylation of neurofilament heavy chain side-arms by stress activated protein kinase-1b/Jun N-terminal kinase-3 (2000)

Neurofilaments comprise three subunit proteins; neurofilament light, middle and heavy chains (NF-L, NF-M and NF-H). The carboxy-terminal domains of NF-M and NF-H form side-arms that project from the filament and that of NF-H contains multiple repeats of the motif lys-ser-pro, the serines of which are targets for phosphorylation. The level of phosphorylation on the lys-ser-pro repeats varies topographically within the cell; in cell bodies and proximal axons, the side-arms are largely non-phosphorylated whereas in more distal regions of axons, the side-arms are heavily phosphorylated. Here we show that stress activated protein kinase 1b (SAPK1b), a major SAPK in neurones will phosphorylate NF-H side-arms both in vitro and in transfected cells. These studies suggest that SAPK1b targets multiple phosphorylation sites within NF-H side-arms. Additionally, we show that glutamate treatment induces activation of SAPK1b in primary cortical neurones and increased phosphorylation of NF-H in cell bodies. This suggests that glutamate causes increased NF-H phosphorylation at least in part by activation of stress activated protein kinases.
Synthesis and Characterization of a Novel Diarylgermylene Containing Electron-Withdrawing Groups (1997)

The fluoroarylgermylene bis[2,4,6-tris(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]germanium(II) was synthesized by the reaction of 2 equiv of [2,4,6-tris(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]lithium with GeCl2·dioxane. This monomeric germylene has good thermal stability, despite having the least sterically encumbering set of stabilizing ligands of any alkyl germylene isolated to date.
New preparative procedure for photoluminescent metallopolymers having a biphenyl‐2,2′‐diyl iridium(III) unit bound to a phosphine copolymer ligand (2006)

Abstract We first prepared polymer‐bound photoluminescent iridium complexes bearing a cyclometalated 2,2′‐biphenylene ligand via an easy procedure in which the metallopolymer was synthesized by the reaction of a metal precursor with a polymer ligand. The iridium compound, [Ir(cod)(biph)Cl] 2 (where cod and biph are 1,5‐cyclooctadiene and biphenyl‐2,2′‐diyl, respectively), was used as the iridium material, and a copolymer built by the radical copolymerization of 4‐styryldiphenylphosphine and methyl methacrylate was employed as the polymer ligand. The obtained metallopolymers were highly crosslinked by iridium atoms forming PIrP bonds. The content of the iridium was experimentally clarified to be in the range of 0.06–0.6 mmol/g of the polymer. Photoluminescence of the iridium polymer in the solid state was observed at 597 nm when the polymer was irradiated at 350 nm. As the Ir content in the copolymer increased to 0.2 mmol/g, the intensity of the luminescence also increased, but more iridium content decreased the intensity. Furthermore, the intensity of the photoluminescence in these photoluminescent polymers depended on the molecular weight of the copolymer ligands. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 44: 4204–4213, 2006
Hindered organoboron groups in organic synthesis. 17 [1]. Synthesis of 2,4,6‐triisopropylphenylborane (TripBH2)2, a useful alternative to thexylborane (1992)

Abstract 2,4,6‐Triisopropylphenylborane (tripylborane, TripBH 2 ) resembles thexylborane in having a single, bulky organic group attached to boron, but the group is aromatic rather than aliphatic. The compound has been synthesized by two alternative routes, one involving direct reduction of dimethoxytripylborane and the other involving redistribution between ditripylborane and borane. It is a solid which is considerably more stable than thexylborane.
Data-Driven 3D Primitives for Single Image Understanding (2013)

What primitives should we use to infer the rich 3D world behind an image? We argue that these primitives should be both visually discriminative and geometrically informative and we present a technique for discovering such primitives. We demonstrate the utility of our primitives by using them to infer 3D surface normals given a single image. Our technique substantially outperforms the state-of-the-art and shows improved cross-dataset performance.
Total vapor pressure of hydrophobic deep eutectic solvents: Experiments and modelling (2020)

Headspace gas chromatography mass spectrometry (HS-GC–MS) was used to determine the volatility of six selected hydrophobic deep eutectic solvents (DESs). The partial pressure of each DES constituent (decanoic acid, thymol, 1-tetradecanol, menthol or lidocaine) was measured from 313.15 to 373.15 K. The activity coefficients of the hydrogen bond acceptor (HBA) and the hydrogen bond donor (HBD) were determined to quantify the interactions between the DES constituents, thereby deepening the understanding of the thermodynamic nature of the DESs. In addition, the activity coefficients for both components in each DES were predicted with the UNIFAC group contribution method. Similar trends and reasonably close values were obtained for the measured and predicted activity coefficients. It has been found that the interactions between the DES constituents tend to become weaker with increasing temperature. Strong interactions occur between thymol and lidocaine, and thymol interacts moderately with menthol. A weak force exists between decanoic acid and menthol. The mixtures of menthol with 1-tetradecanol or lidocaine are not strictly DESs since for each DES constituent both the measured and predicted activity value is close to unity. A viscosity study was also carried out to quantify the interactions and similar results were found. The ideal mixing rule was proven to correctly describe the viscosity for the mixture of menthol with 1-tetradecanol or lidocaine. While compared to the ideal mixture viscosity, an increase in viscosity was observed for other studied DESs indicating stronger interactions. Finally, the Perturbed-Chain Statistical Associating Fluid Theory (PC-SAFT) was shown to accurately describe the thermodynamic properties, where the PC-SAFT pure-component parameters for the DESs were obtained by fitting to pure DES density and total vapor pressure data.
Emulation of a grid network cloud: eWAN (2004)

The Grid aims at expanding the cluster based parallel computing paradigm toward large scale distributed systems based on IP networks. To validate grid algorithms, evaluate their performance and to study transport and coordination protocols and grid network services, a well controlled environment is required, allowing to precisely manage the experience conditions. One of the most important issue is to emulate the potentially very high speed wide area network interconnection. This paper presents a software and hardware tool for configuring and programming a large PC cluster in a wide area network emulation instrument. High performance, fine parameter tuning and a great utilization flexibility are the main proposed features of this experimental tool. This article discusses the eWAN design principles and the first experimentations that have been done on a prototype deployed over the Grid5000 cluster at the ENS Lyon. Some usage scenarii are also proposed.
Those Troublesome Characters: A Registry of Unicode Code Points Needing Special Consideration When Used in Network Identifiers (2018)

Unicode's design goal is to be the universal character set for all
applications. The goal entails the inclusion of very large numbers of
characters. It is also focused on written language in general; special
provisions have always been needed for identifiers. The sheer size of
the repertoire increases the possibility of accidental or intentional
use of characters that can cause confusion among users, particularly
where linguistic context is ambiguous, unavailable, or impossible to
determine. A registry of code points that can be sometimes especially
problematic may be useful to guide system administrators in setting
parameters for allowable code points or combinations in an identifier
system, and to aid applications in creating security aids for users.
Optical characterization of hydrogenated silicon thin films using interference technique (2000)

This work introduces an application of an “interference spectroscopy technique” (IST) for determination of absorption coefficient and refractive index spectra of amorphous silicon (a-Si:H) and related thin film materials. The technique is based on computer analysis of measurements of optical transmission and specular reflection (T &amp; R) of thin films (including the films on substrates) over a wide range of the incident photon energies (0.5–2.8 eV) using carefully controlled spectrometer conditions. IST is used to investigate the absorption spectrum in the sub-gap energy range (0.8–1.6 eV) of intrinsic and phosphorous-doped a-Si:H, “polymorphous-Si:H,” and microcrystalline silicon films. The enhanced sensitivity of the technique over conventional analysis of T &amp; R data results from utilization of interference to obtain absorption coefficient values at the maxima of transmission. The factors limiting the accuracy of the calculated absorption coefficient are discussed in detail. Measurement on films of thickness ranging from 0.1 to 5 μm identifies that the sub-gap absorption in these films arises from the bulk rather than the surface. A set of samples prepared under widely different conditions that appear to have overlapping (α=20 cm−1) sub-gap absorption spectra measured using photo-thermal deflection spectroscopy (PDS), reveal significant differences (α=10 to 100 cm−1) using IST. Changes (factor of 2) in sub-gap absorption spectra due to light soaking are also clearly observable using IST.
Zero-Shot Logit Adjustment (2022)

Semantic-descriptor-based Generalized Zero-Shot Learning (GZSL) poses challenges in recognizing novel classes in the test phase. The development of generative models enables current GZSL techniques to probe further into the semantic-visual link, culminating in a two-stage form that includes a generator and a classifier. However, existing generation-based methods focus on enhancing the generator's effect while neglecting the improvement of the classifier. In this paper, we first analyze of two properties of the generated pseudo unseen samples: bias and homogeneity. Then, we perform variational Bayesian inference to back-derive the evaluation metrics, which reflects the balance of the seen and unseen classes. As a consequence of our derivation, the aforementioned two properties are incorporated into the classifier training as seen-unseen priors via logit adjustment. The Zero-Shot Logit Adjustment further puts semantic-based classifiers into effect in generation-based GZSL. Our experiments demonstrate that the proposed technique achieves state-of-the-art when combined with the basic generator, and it can improve various generative Zero-Shot Learning frameworks. Our codes are available on https://github.com/cdb342/IJCAI-2022-ZLA.
Three-Dimensional Nanofiber Cathode for Low Temperature and High Temperature Fuel Cells (2014)

Abstract not Available.
Factors predicting response of end stage squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck to cisplatinum (1987)

Cisplatinum significantly prolongs survival in end stage head and neck cancer but only 30-40% of patients respond. Many receive chemotherapy with little or no benefit and it would obviously be advantageous to determine in advance those patients likely to benefit. In 2 phase III trials of chemotherapy in end stage disease, 129 patients have been treated with cisplatinum, either alone or in 2-drug combination with bleomycin, methotrexate or 5-fluorouracil. Factors analysed in the entire group were age, sex, site, previous treatment, performance status and the use of cisplatinum in combination. A high albumen and oro- or nasopharyngeal site were significantly favourable, while a hypopharyngeal, middle ear, skin or paranasal site were all significantly unfavourable. In the separate analysis of the subgroup with recurrent disease, site of recurrence and time to recurrence were analysed in addition to the factors named above. Although similar trends to those in the entire group were observed none reached significant levels. In the subgroup with advanced previously untreated disease, histological grade was analysed in addition to the above factors. Good performance status emerged as significantly favourable. The emerging trends provide some insight regarding outcome but are not sufficiently clearcut to allow a decision to be made on who should and who should not be treated.
Excitatory and Inhibitory Synapses in Neuropeptide Y–Expressing Striatal Interneurons (2009)

Although rare, interneurons are pivotal in governing striatal output by extensive axonal arborizations synapsing on medium spiny neurons. Using a genetically modified mouse strain in which a green fluorescent protein (GFP) is driven to be expressed under control of the neuropeptide Y (NPY) promoter, we identified NPY interneurons and compared them with striatal principal neurons. We found that the bacteria artificial chromosome (BAC)-npy mouse expresses GFP with high fidelity in the striatum to the endogenous expression of NPY. Patch-clamp analysis from NPY neurons showed a heterogeneous population of striatal interneurons. In the majority of cells, we observed spontaneous firing of action potentials in extracellular recordings. On membrane rupture, most NPY interneurons could be classified as low-threshold spiking interneurons and had high-input resistance. Voltage-clamp recordings showed that both GABA and glutamate gated ion channels mediate synaptic inputs onto these striatal interneurons. AMPA receptor-mediated spontaneous excitatory postsynaptic currents (sEPSCs) were small in amplitude and infrequent in NPY neurons. Evoked EPSCs did not show short-term plasticity but some rectification. Evoked N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) EPSCs had fast decay kinetics and were poorly sensitive to an NR2B subunit containing NMDA receptor blocker. Spontaneous inhibitory postsynaptic currents (sIPSCs) were mediated by GABA(A) receptors and were quite similar among all striatal neurons studied. On the contrary, evoked IPSCs decayed faster in NPY neurons than in other striatal neurons. These data report for the first time specific properties of synaptic transmission to NPY striatal interneurons.
Imaging Cellular Proliferation as a Measure of Response to Therapy (2001)

Cell proliferation imaging is based on extensive laboratory investigations of labeled thymidine being selectively incorporated into DNA. [11C]-Thymidine labeled in the ring-2 or the methyl position is the natural extension of earlier work using tritiated thymidine. Proliferation imaging using [11C]-thymidine requires correction for labeled metabolites; however, quantitative approaches can provide reliable estimates of cellular proliferation by measuring thymidine flux from the blood into DNA in tumors. 18F-labeled thymidine analogs that are resistant to catabolism in vivo, [18F]-FLT and [18F]-FMAU, may simplify quantitative analysis and may be more suitable for clinical studies but will require careful validation to determine how their uptake is quantitatively related to cell growth. Clinical studies using [11C]-thymidine have demonstrated the power of cellular proliferation imaging to characterize tumors and monitor response early in the course of therapy. Patient imaging using the PET thymidine analogs is at an earlier stage but appears promising as a clinically feasible approach to cellular proliferation imaging.
CLINICAL AND MICROBIOLOGIC CHARACTERISTICS OF GROUP A STREPTOCOCCAL NECROTIZING FASCIITIS IN CHILDREN (2009)

An increase in the incidence of Group A streptococcal necrotizing fasciitis has recently been observed in Montréal, Canada. Clinical features of children hospitalized for invasive Group A streptococcal infections and various virulence factor genes of the bacteria were concomitantly analyzed. It was determined that varicella and presence of speC gene in group A streptococcal strains were associated with necrotizing fasciitis.
A Non‐Reciprocal Autosomal Translocation 64,XX, t(4;10)(q21;p15) in an Arabian Mare with Repeated Early Embryonic Loss (2015)

Balanced autosomal translocations are a known cause for repeated early embryonic loss (REEL) in horses. In most cases, carriers of such translocations are phenotypically normal, but the chromosomal aberration negatively affects gametogenesis giving rise to both genetically balanced and unbalanced gametes. The latter, if involved in fertilization, result in REEL, whereas gametes with the balanced form of translocation will pass the defect into next generation. Therefore, in order to reduce the incidence of REEL, identification of translocation carriers is critical. Here, we report about a phenotypically normal 3-year-old Arabian mare that had repeated resorption of conceptuses prior to day 45 of gestation and was diagnosed with REEL. Conventional and molecular cytogenetic analyses revealed that the mare had normal chromosome number 64,XX but carried a non-mosaic and non-reciprocal autosomal translocation t(4;10)(q21;p15). This is a novel translocation described in horses with REEL and the first such report in Arabians. Previous cases of REEL due to autosomal translocations have exclusively involved Thoroughbreds. The findings underscore the importance of routine cytogenetic screening of breeding animals.
Synthese und Kristallstruktur des Eukryptits, LiAlSiO4 (1948)

Crystals of the mineral eucryptite, LiAlSiO4, have been prepared synthetically as hexagonal bipyramids up to 5 mm. long, having weak negative birefringence and strong optical activity. The space group is C622 (or its enantiomorph C642) and the cell dimensions are a = 5.27 A., c = 11.25 A. The atomic co-ordinates have been determined and show the structure to be closely related to that of high quartz. The Al and Si ions occupy the sites of the Si ions in quartz, and the small Li ions are accommodated in the channels in the structure.
Speech enhancement and recognition using multi-task learning of long short-term memory recurrent neural networks (2015)

Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) recurrent neural network has
proven effective in modeling speech and has achieved outstanding
performance in both speech enhancement (SE) and automatic
speech recognition (ASR). To further improve the performance of
noise-robust speech recognition, a combination of speech enhancement
and recognition was shown to be promising in earlier work.
This paper aims to explore options for consistent integration of SE
and ASR using LSTM networks. Since SE and ASR have different
objective criteria, it is not clear what kind of integration would
finally lead to the best word error rate for noise-robust ASR tasks.
In this work, several integration architectures are proposed and
tested, including: (1) a pipeline architecture of LSTM-based SE and
ASR with sequence training, (2) an alternating estimation architecture,
and (3) a multi-task hybrid LSTM network architecture.
The proposed models were evaluated on the 2nd CHiME speech
separation and recognition challenge task, and show significant
improvements relative to prior results.
Optimization-based drift prevention for learning control of underdetermined linear and weakly nonlinear time-varying systems (2001)

In this paper an optimization-based method of drift prevention is presented for learning control of underdetermined linear and weakly nonlinear time-varying dynamic systems. By defining a fictitious cost function and the associated model-based sub-optimality conditions, a new set of equations results, whose solution is unique, thus preventing large drifts from the initial input. Moreover, in the limiting case where the modeling error approaches zero, the input that the proposed method converges to is the unique feasible (zero error) input that minimizes the fictitious cost function, in the linear case, and locally minimizes it in the (weakly) nonlinear case. Otherwise, under mild restrictions on the modeling error, the method converges to a feasible sub-optimal input.
The detrimental effect of nitric oxide on tissue is associated with inflammatory events in the vascular endothelium and neutrophils in mice with dextran sodium sulfate-induced colitis (2012)

Nitric oxide (NO) is thought to be a key molecule in the progression of ulcerative colitis and experimental colitis induced by dextran sodium sulfate (DSS). However, the detrimental effect of DSS-induced NO production on the colonic mucosa is incompletely understood. Increases in the expression of adhesion molecules in the vascular endothelium and activated neutrophils (thereby releasing injurious molecules such as reactive oxygen species) are reportedly associated with the pathogenesis of DSS-induced colitis. We investigated if the detrimental effect of NO production on the colonic mucosa was attributable to the activation of neutrophil infiltration by NO in mice with DSS-induced colitis. NO(2)(-)/NO(3)(-) content in the middle and distal colon was increased on days 5 and 7, but alterations in the proximal colon were not observed. Myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity and expression of P-selectin and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) were significantly increased in the entire colon, whereas TNF-α levels were significantly increased only in the middle and distal colon on day 7. The pathology of colitis and increases in colonic MPO activity, P-selectin, ICAM-1, and TNF-α levels were suppressed by the inducible NO synthase (iNOS)-specific inhibitor aminoguanidine and NO scavenger c-PTIO, whereas all but TNF-α levels were increased by the non-specific NOS inhibitor L-NAME. These findings suggest that iNOS-derived NO increases TNF-α levels in the middle and distal colon and increased TNF-α levels induce expression of P-selectin and ICAM-1, thereby promoting the infiltration of activated neutrophils, which leads to damage to colonic tissue.
ASHRAE's new design guide for cool thermal storage (1994)

This article is a review of a design guide for cold storage equipment. It is intended to be a first-level reference for aiding in selecting the appropriate thermal storage technology for a given application. The thermal storage technologies covered in the book are: chilled water; ice harvester; external melt ice; internal melt ice; encapsulated ice; and eutectic phase-change materials.
Photonic wideband array antennas (1995)

Presents an introduction to the optical control of array antennas by using fiber optic links for remote control and a photonic time shift network for wide instantaneous bandwidth. An overview of the development of a wideband conformal array designed for airborne surveillance radars is given. The paper covers the system design and the performance of an L-band (850-1400 MHz) M-element array controlled by photonics. Packaging techniques of the photonic components and the array aperture are discussed. The wideband performance of the system is highlighted. A nano-second impulse response has been measured to demonstrate a 50% instantaneous bandwidth (550 MHz, 30 cm range resolution) for target ID and imaging. A built-in signal injection technique based on time-domain impulse measurement was used to calibrate the wideband components in the time-shift beamforming network.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>