gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
J0240103 Quantitative Evaluation of Individual Differences in Spine Alignment (2015)

Quantitative data of spine alignment is required during positioning of human body model, analysis of spine-related injury mechanism and ergonomic study of vehicle seat. Although spine alignment varies depending on individuals and body postures, only few studies regarding the variation of spine alignment can be found. In this study, by fitting Bezier curve on the lateral X-ray images of spine in standing and sitting posture, variations in spine alignments were quantified. Furthermore, relationships between the spine alignment and body pressure during sitting or EMG of abdominal muscle were also clarified. As a result, large variation in spine alignment could be found in cervical and lumbar spine. Cervical spine showed an increased tendency of S-shaped curvature during sitting posture compared to standing posture. Lumbar spine indicated a strong trend of lordotic and kyphotic curvature during standing and sitting posture respectively. Moreover, the maximum value of normalized iEMG in sitting posture was found to be higher than in standing posture. Comparisons of normalized maximum body surface pressure and contact area between two typical cervical and lumbar spine curvatures showed that the differences were not significant.
Neue leistungsfähige werkstoffe und fasern auf der basis von thermotropen flüssigkristallinen hauptkettenpolymeren (TLCP) (1990)

Abstract Einleitend werden die aus den bisherigen internationalen Ergebnissen bei der Entwicklung thermotroper flüssigkristalliner Hauptkettenpolymere (TLCP) resultierenden und verallgemeinerten Erkenntnisse zusammengefaßt. Anschließend werden der gegenwärtige Stand der Kommerzialisierung, die Legierungsbildung und ein Vergleich der TLCP mit anderen Hochleistungspolymerwerkstoffen und einigen Buntmetallen beschrieben. Im zweiten Teil wird das Konzept der vorgesehenen Entwicklungen begründet und experimentelle Ergebnisse bei der Synthese der Poly(ethylenterephthalat)/p‐Hydroxybenzoesäure‐Copolyester (PETP/p‐HBA) und vollaromatischer Copolyester auf der Basis von p‐HBA/Resorcinol/Terephthalsäure und p‐HBA/Isophthalsäure/Hydrochinon vorgestellt. Die Zielrichtungen für weiterführende Untersuchungen werden kurz diskutiert.
Analysis of control factors on landslides in the Taiwan area (2008)

This chapter investigates the critical control factors to the landslides in the Western Foothill area. It is generally accepted that the high frequency of landslide in Taiwan area is strongly affected by its geography and geology background. The chapter introduces the rainfall index for landslide to correlate the rainfall and landslide. Taiwan is located in the subtropical area with high precipitation, especially during typhoon season in the summer. As landslides are quite common and frequent in Taiwan area, a large proportion of those landslides are resliding in colluvial geomaterials. Typhoons in summer season are the major sources of heavy rains in Taiwan areas. Those heavy rains frequently induce landslides in areas with landslide prone characteristics, such as weak geomaterials, steep topography and poor drainage. Instability Index method was commonly applied to the analyses of landslide potential. This method statistically establishes an empirical formula in terms of control factors, which can quantify the hazard potential of landslides.
FINITE ELEMENT MODELING OF MACHINING: FROM PROOF-OF-CONCEPT TO ENGINEERING APPLICATIONS (1998)

ABSTRACT For the past fifty years researchers have developed various machining models to improve cutting performance. Several approaches have been taken including analytical techniques, slipline field solutions, empirical approaches and finite element techniques. Of these, the finite element approach provides the most detailed information on chip formation and chip interaction with the cutting tool. Finite element models have been developed for calculating the stress, strain, strain-rate, and temperature distributions in both the chip and the workpiece. In addition, tool temperatures, machining forces and cutting power requirements can be determined. This information is extremely, useful for developing more fundamental understanding of complex machining problems. This paper presents a critique of finite element approaches used for simulating machining processes. Several applications of the finite element technique for simulating various machining problems are also reviewed. A new application for determining diffusion wear rates in cutting tools is described, and future directions for finite element modeling of machining processes are discussed.
Differential Expression of Members of thebcl-2Gene Family in Proliferative and Secretory Human Endometrium: Glandular Epithelial Cell Apoptosis Is Associated with Increased Expression ofbax1 (1997)

Glandular epithelial cells of the human endometrium initiate apoptosis in the secretory phase of the cycle. To better understand the regulation of apoptosis in this paradigm of endocrine-regulated cell turnover, we studied the expression of the cell death regulatory genes, bax, bcl-2, and bcl-x, in human proliferative and secretory endometria relative to the absence or presence of apoptosis. As assessed by immunohistochemistry, levels of BAX protein were modest in proliferative endometrium and increased dramatically in the secretory phase when apoptosis was most prevalent. Expression of BAX was predominantly localized to epithelial cells of the functionalis layer of the secretory endometrium. In contrast, BCL-2 immunoreactivity was maximal during the proliferative phase and decreased in the secretory phase. Moreover, BCL-2 was topographically concentrated in the basalis layer. Immunoreactive BCL-X protein was observed mostly in glandular epithelial cells of the human endometrium. Compared with proliferative endometrium, secretory endometrium showed stronger BCL-X staining, especially in the functionalis layer. By Western blotting we confirmed that both proliferative and secretory endometrium expressed the long or antiapoptosis form as well as the short or proapoptosis form of the BCL-X protein. Taken together, our results demonstrate a coordinated pattern of expression of bcl-2 gene family members in human endometrium during the menstrual cycle, with a shift toward greater levels of the proapoptosis protein, BAX, occurring in glandular epithelial cells during the secretory phase of the cycle. Therefore, we conclude that cyclic changes in endometrial growth and regression may be precisely regulated by shifts in the ratio or balance of BCL-2 and related proteins in glandular epithelial cells.
Author Correction: Non-Invasive Imaging Through Scattering Medium by Using a Reverse Response Wavefront Shaping Technique (2020)

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
Renal artery denervation for treatment of patients with self-reported obstructive sleep apnea and resistant hypertension (2016)

RDN resulted in significant BP reductions at 6 months in hypertensive patients with and without OSA, and regardless of continuous positive airway pressure usage in OSA patients.
Sequence analysis of a novel cDNA which is overexpressed in testicular tumors from polyomavirus large T-antigen transgenic mice (1994)

MT-PVLT-10 transgenic mice express the large T-antigen of polyomavirus under the control of the mouse metallothionein-1 promoter. The males of this transgenic line developed testicular tumor and seminal vesicle engorgement at advanced ages. A novel partial cDNA was identified which hybridized to a 2.6 kilobase mRNA. The expression of this mRNA increased approximately two- to fifteen-fold in immortalized cell lines derived from testicular tumors as compared to similar cell lines derived from pre-adenomatous testes. The in vivo pattern of expression for this cDNA as well as its expression in various primary cultures and established cell lines derived from testis of MT-PVLT-10 mice is presented. Overlapping cDNA clones from liver, testes, and brain cDNA libraries containing the entire coding region for this novel cDNA have been isolated and sequenced. The coding region of this gene comprises 1179 nucleotides and predicts a polypeptide of 393 amino acids (calculated molecular mass 44,318). Motif analysis of the amino acid sequence has revealed that it contains several hydrophobic alpha-helices characteristic of transmembrane proteins.
[Driver gene mutation and targeted therapy of lung cancer]. (2013)

Although cancers may have many genetic alterations, there are only a few mutations actually associated with essential traits of cancer cells such as cell proliferation or evasion from apoptosis. Because cancer cells are "addicted" to these "drive genes" , pharmacologic inhibition of these gene function is highly effective. Epidermal growth factor receptor(EGFR)-tyrosine kinase inhibitor(TKI)(such as gefitinib or erlotinib)treatment of lung cancer harboring EGFR gene mutation is one of the prototypes of such therapies. Several clinical trials clearly demonstrated that progression-free survival of patients treated with EGFR-TKI is significantly longer than that of those treated by conventional platinum doublet chemotherapy. EGFR-TKI therapy dramatically changed the paradigm of lung cancer treatment. Furthermore, in 2012, crizotinib was approved for lung cancer treatment with anaplastic lymphoma kinase(ALK)gene translocation. Targeted therapies for lung cancers "addicted" to other driver gene mutations including ROS1, RET or HER2 are also under development. Through these personalized approaches, lung cancer is changing from an acute fatal disease to a more chronic disease, and eventually we might be able to cure it.
High-contrast planar photonic crystals (2004)

The "HiPhoCs" program, a cluster of projects supported by the German Ministry of Education and Research, is focused on the proof of applicability of planar photonic crystals based on slab waveguides within telecom transmission lines and optical networks. Results of the "HiPhoCs" program on modeling and etching aiming at the optimization of device oriented structures in the III-V and SOI material systems are reported as well as their application to key components such as PhC-based WDM-filters, dispersion compensators, integrated lasers and their coupling to the optical fiber infrastructure.
Principles of Ligand Binding within a Completely Buried Cavity in HIF2α PAS-B (2009)

Hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) are heterodimeric transcription factors responsible for the metazoan hypoxia response and promote tumor growth, metastasis, and resistance to cancer treatment. The C-terminal Per-ARNT-Sim (PAS) domain of HIF2alpha (HIF2alpha PAS-B) contains a preformed solvent-inaccessible cavity that binds artificial ligands that allosterically perturb the formation of the HIF heterodimer. To better understand how small molecules bind within this domain, we examined the structures and equilibrium and transition-state thermodynamics of HIF2alpha PAS-B with several artificial ligands using isothermal titration calorimetry, NMR exchange spectroscopy, and X-ray crystallography. Rapid association rates reveal that ligand binding is not dependent upon a slow conformational change in the protein to permit ligand access, despite the closed conformation observed in the NMR and crystal structures. Compensating enthalpic and entropic contributions to the thermodynamic barrier for ligand binding suggest a binding-competent transition state characterized by increased structural disorder. Finally, molecular dynamics simulations reveal conversion between open and closed conformations of the protein and pathways of ligand entry into the binding pocket.
THE MARKS OF EXAMINERS (1936)

By Sir P hilip H artog and E. C. R hodes , with a Memorandum by Cyril Burt. (International Institute Examinations Enquiry. Macmillan and Co., Ltd., London, pp. xix+344. 8s. 6d.)
Neural Signatures of Gender Differences in Interpersonal Trust (2020)

Trust plays a critical role in nearly every aspect of social life. Parental investment theory and social role theory predict that women trust less than men due to a higher sensitivity to risk and betrayal, while men trust more than women to maximize resources and to signal their willingness to lose something. However, the underlying neuropsychological underpinnings for this gender difference are still obscure. In this study, we used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to investigate the neural signatures of gender differences in trust by simultaneously scanning 11 male and 11 female same-gender, fixed dyads who played a multi-round binary trust game with varying levels of payoff (low/moderate/high) as an indicator of social risk. Our results showed that men trusted more than women and payoff level moderated the effect of gender on trust. While men trusted the same at all payoff levels, women trusted less with higher payoff levels. This pattern was supported by our neuroimaging finding: men showed a higher activation in the left inferior frontal gyrus (ventrolateral prefrontal cortex) and right precuneus than women, indicating that men exert more effort to inhibit the information of payoff levels and to use self-referencing to infer the strategies of partners with the goal of maximizing profit. Furthermore, men showed equivalent activation in the subgenual anterior cingulate cortex across payoff levels, whereas women showed a decreased activation with increasing payoff level - indicating decreased group bonding with higher risk in women. In conclusion, our results imply that women are more sensitive to social risk while trusting, which has implications for financial interactions, interpersonal relationships, and social involvement.
Role of the carboxyl terminal MATEE sequence of spermidine/spermine N1-acetyltransferase in the activity and stabilization by the polyamine analog N1,N12-bis(ethyl)spermine (1995)

Purified recombinant spermidine/spermine N1-acetyltransferase (SSAT) was found to be unstable in the absence of polyamines, but the loss of activity could be prevented or reversed by the addition of the polyamine analog and potential antitumor agent N1,N12-bis(ethyl)spermine (BE-3-4-3), which is known to be a potent inducer of SSAT in mammalian cells. Addition of BE-3-4-3 prevented the loss of SSAT activity and the digestion of the protein by the proteases trypsin, Lys-C, or Glu-C. In the absence of BE-3-4-3, this digestion occurred at the sequence Lys141Arg142Arg143 for trypsin or Lys-C and at the sequence Glu151Glu152 for Glu-C. When these sites were altered by mutation to residues which are not substrates for these proteases, cleavage in the absence of BE-3-4-3 occurred at residues Lys161, Lys166, and Glu162. These results indicate that the structure of SSAT contains a region that binds to the polyamine analog, BE-3-4-3, and that binding alters the configuration of the protein to prevent protease access to the region from amino acid residue 141 to the carboxyl terminal end (residue 171) of the SSAT. In order to determine the nature of the regulatory sites, specific mutations were made in the SSAT amino acid sequence, and the activity of the resulting SSAT protein and the sensitivity to proteases in the presence and absence of BE-3-4-3 was determined. The results indicate that the carboxyl terminal domain, MATEE, is critical for activity and for protection by BE-3-4-3.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Labeling and Stigma (2009)

The mental health consumer/survivor movement is the human rights movement devoted to securing the rights and just treatment of persons identified as mentally ill. This chapter reviews trends in the struggles of activists to achieve the rights. After describing early conditions and moments in the movement, it examines the modern mental health consumer/survivor movement, focusing on the expatients and other advocates who fueled the modern movement, the reformist turn from antipsychiatry to consumerism, forces that bolstered or challenged the movement, subsequent challenges and more recent developments. In a political climate in which National Alliance on Mental Illness (NAMI) had acquired considerable influence, Community Support Program (CSP) was losing power and had become less favorably positioned to promote the consumer/ survivor cause. National and state organizations advance their consumer/ survivor agendas, and every state has a mandated consumer office through which consumers and survivors directly engage with policy makers.
Fast Embedding of Constrained Satisfaction Problem to Quantum Annealer with Minimizing Chain Length (2017)

Recent research has demonstrated promising results in solving constrained satisfaction problem (CSP) using D-Wave quantum annealer. However, the embedding of the CSP suffers drawbacks such as long embedding time in addition to poor quality due to long chains that reduce the ground state probability. To address those issues, we propose an effective embedding technique that reduces the embedding time and minimizes the chain length. We compared to the most recent method published in DAC 2016. Experiments using existing D-Wave 2X quantum annealer show that the proposed embedding technique increases the ground state probability by 29% on average. Furthermore, to demonstrate the efficiency, we embedded large problems onto a predicted C100 D-Wave Chimera architecture. Experimental results show that our approach reduces the run-time by 3.4x on average with reduced longest chain length.
[Standards, options and recommendations for nutritional support in bone marrow transplant patients]. (2002)

The main recommendations for nutritional support in bone marrow transplant patients are: 1) Nutritional evaluation and monitoring may be proposed to bone-marrow transplant recipients (options). 2) Nutritional evaluation consists of body weight assessment and percent weight loss evaluation (standard, expert agreement). 3) Nutritional monitoring should include daily weight monitoring, clinical monitoring of hydration and assessment of daily dietary intake (standard, expert agreement). 4) Artificial nutrition is recommended in immuno-suppressed bone marrow transplant patients. This is not systematically indicated in other situation (standard). 5) Artificial nutrition, intravenous hydration and oral nutrition can be proposed to bone-marrow transplant recipients (option). 6) There is no standard modality for artificial nutrition (level of evidence B 1). Exclusive enteral or parenteral nutrition and enteral plus parenteral nutrition may be proposed to bone-marrow transplant patients (options). 7) Lipid intake representing up to 30% of the non-protein caloric intake should be supplied to patients undergoing bone marrow transplantation (standard, level of evidence B1). 8) Oral supplementation with nitrogen substrates or glutamine is not recommended. Parenteral glutamine supplementation may be proposed (option).
Partnerships for sustainable design in Vietnam: Leveraging culture and design (2012)

This paper discusses need and relevance of new local-global collaborations for sustainable design. Future Living Studio is a case study that explores how to enable cross-cultural collaboration in Vietnam towards addressing sustainable design and production issues. This paper presents the first empirical results of a diary study supplemented by observations to examine the strengths and opportunities relative design and cultural positionalities bring to cross-cultural teams. A facilitated approach focused on supporting positive team dynamics is proposed as a way to improve knowledge exchange by explicitly building in mechanisms to promote equality, mutual learning, respect, inclusivity and reflexivity so that process and result can be negotiated, inclusive and emergent.
Cyclophosphamide Facilitates Antitumor Efficacy against Subcutaneous Tumors following Intravenous Delivery of Reovirus (2008)

NAb to oncolytic viruses play a dual role in the context of systemic viral delivery; on one hand, they hinder repeated administration of virus but on the other, they provide an important safety mechanism by which virus released from vigorous intratumoral replication is neutralized before it can disseminate and cause toxicity. These data support the use of cyclophosphamide to modulate, but not ablate, patient NAb, in development of carefully controlled clinical trials of the systemic administration of oncolytic viruses.
All kinesin superfamily protein, KIF, genes in mouse and human (2001)

Intracellular transport is essential for morphogenesis and functioning of the cell. The kinesin superfamily proteins (KIFs) have been shown to transport membranous organelles and protein complexes in a microtubule- and ATP-dependent manner. More than 30 KIFs have been reported in mice. However, the nomenclature of KIFs has not been clearly established, resulting in various designations and redundant names for a single KIF. Here, we report the identification and classification of all KIFs in mouse and human genome transcripts. Previously unidentified murine KIFs were found by a PCR-based search. The identification of all KIFs was confirmed by a database search of the total human genome. As a result, there are a total of 45 KIFs. The nomenclature of all KIFs is presented. To understand the function of KIFs in intracellular transport in a single tissue, we focused on the brain. The expression of 38 KIFs was detected in brain tissue by Northern blotting or PCR using cDNA. The brain, mainly composed of highly differentiated and polarized cells such as neurons and glia, requires a highly complex intracellular transport system as indicated by the increased number of KIFs for their sophisticated functions. It is becoming increasingly clear that the cell uses a number of KIFs and tightly controls the direction, destination, and velocity of transportation of various important functional molecules, including mRNA. This report will set the foundation of KIF and intracellular transport research.
A Rapid, High Throughput, Viral Infectivity Assay using Automated Brightfield Microscopy with Machine Learning (2022)

Abstract Infectivity assays are essential for the development of viral vaccines, antiviral therapies and the manufacture of biologicals. Traditionally, these assays take 2–7 days and require several manual processing steps after infection. We describe an automated assay (AVIA™), using machine learning (ML) and high-throughput brightfield microscopy on 96 well plates that can quantify infection phenotypes within hours, before they are manually visible, and without sample preparation. ML models were trained on HIV, influenza A virus, coronavirus 229E, vaccinia viruses, poliovirus, and adenoviruses, which together span the four major categories of virus (DNA, RNA, enveloped, and non-enveloped). A sigmoidal function, fit to virus dilution curves, yielded an R 2 higher than 0.98 and a linear dynamic range comparable to or better than conventional plaque or TCID 50 assays. Because this technology is based on sensitizing AIs to specific phenotypes of infection, it may have potential as a rapid, broad-spectrum tool for virus identification.