gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A multicellular spheroid formation and extraction chip using removable cell trapping barriers (2010)

This paper presents a multicellular spheroid chip capable of forming and extracting three-dimensional (3D) spheroids using removable cell trapping barriers. Compared to the conventional macro-scale spheroid formation methods, including spinning, hanging-drop, and liquid-overlay methods, the recent micro-scale spheroid chips have the advantage of forming smaller spheroids with better uniformity. The recent micro spheroid chips, however, have difficulties in extracting the spheroids due to fixed cell trapping barriers. The present spheroid chip, having two PDMS layers, uses removable cell trapping barriers, thereby making it easy to form and extract uniform and small-sized spheroids. We have designed, fabricated and characterized a 4 × 1 spheroid chip, where membrane cell trapping barriers are inflated at a pressure of 50 kPa for spheroid formation and are deflated at zero gauge pressure for simple and safe extraction of the spheroids formed. In this experimental study, the cell suspension of non-small lung cancer cells, H1650, is supplied to the fabricated spheroid chip in the pressure range 145-155 Pa. The fabricated spheroid chips collect the cancer cells in the cell trapping regions from the cell suspension at a concentration of 2 × 10(6) ml(-1), thus forming uniform 3D spheroids with a diameter of 197.2 ± 11.7 μm, after 24 h incubation at 5% CO(2) and 37°C environment. After the removal of the cell trapping barriers, the spheroids formed were extracted through the outlet ports at a cell inlet pressure of 5 kPa. The cells in the extracted spheroids showed a viability of 80.3 ± 7.7%. The present spheroid chip offers a simple and effective method of obtaining uniform and small-sized 3D spheroids for the next stage of cell-based biomedical research, such as gene expression analysis and spheroid inoculation in animal models.
An expert system to perform on-line controller tuning (1991)

An expert system that tunes a proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controller online for a single-input-single-output multiple-lag process with dead time is described. The expert system examines features of each transient response and the corresponding controller parameters. It determines a new set of controller gains to obtain a more desirable time response. This technique can be used to determine and implement a different set of PID gains for each operating regime, and once in steady state, the system can be used to find optimal parameters for load disturbance rejection. The expert system can be applied to any system of the specified form (aerospace, industrial, etc.) and can be expanded to include additional process models.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Direct Observation of Cation Ordering in Li1.2TM0.4 Mn0.4O2 (TM: Co, Fe) Lithium-Ion Battery Materials Using Aberration-corrected TEM (2011)

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2011 in Nashville, Tennessee, USA, August 7–August 11, 2011.
Fenestrae-associated protein Plvap regulates the rate of blood-borne proteins passage into the hypophysis (2019)

Summary To maintain body homeostasis, endocrine systems must detect and integrate a multitude of blood-borne peripheral signals. This is mediated by specialized permeable pores in the endothelial membrane, dubbed fenestrae. Plasmalemma vesicles-associated protein (Plvap) is located in the fenestral diaphragm and is thought play a role in the selective passage of proteins through the fenestrae. However, this suggested function has yet to be demonstrated directly. Here, we studied the development of fenestrated capillaries in a major neuroendocrine interface between the blood and brain, namely the hypophysis. Using a transgenic permeability biosensor to visualize the vascular excretion of a genetically tagged plasma protein (DBP-EGFP), we show that the developmental acquisition of vascular permeability is associated with differential expression of zebrafish plvap orthologs in the hypophysis versus brain. Ultrastructural analysis of the hypophyseal vasculature revealed that plvapb mutants display deficiencies in fenestral and stomatal diaphragms as well as increased density of fenestrae, but not of caveolae. Measurements of DBP-EGFP dynamics in live plvapb mutant larvae provided a direct proof that Plvap limits the rate of blood-borne protein passage through fenestrated endothelia. Overall, we present the regulatory role of Plvap in the development of blood-borne protein detection machinery in a major neuroendocrine interface between the brain and the general circulation.
Comprehensive Study of the Current-Induced Spin–Orbit Torque Perpendicular Effective Field in Asymmetric Multilayers (2022)

The spin-orbit torques (SOTs) in the heavy metal (HM)/ferromagnetic metal (FM) structure hold promise for next-generation low-power and high-density spintronic memory and logic applications. For the SOT switching of a perpendicular magnetization, an external magnetic field is inevitable for breaking the mirror symmetry, which is not practical for high-density nanoelectronics applications. In this work, we study the current-induced field-free SOT switching and SOT perpendicular effective field (Hzeff) in a variety of laterally asymmetric multilayers, where the asymmetry is introduced by growing the FM layer in a wedge shape. We show that the design of structural asymmetry by wedging the FM layer is a universal scheme for realizing field-free SOT switching. Moreover, by comparing the FM layer thickness dependence of (Hzeff) in different samples, we show that the efficiency (<i>β =</i>Hzeff/<i>J</i>, <i>J</i> is the current density) is sensitive to the HM/FM interface and the FM layer thickness. The sign of <i>β</i> for thin FM thicknesses is related to the spin Hall angle (<i>θ</i><sub>SH</sub>) of the HM layer attached to the FM layer. <i>β</i> changes its sign with the thickness of the FM layer increasing, which may be caused by the thickness dependence of the work function of FM. These results show the possibility of engineering the deterministic field-free switching by combining the symmetry breaking and the materials design of the HM/FM interface.
Repair Capacity for UV Light–Induced DNA Damage Associated with Risk of Nonmelanoma Skin Cancer and Tumor Progression (2007)

Reduced DRC is an independent risk factor for BCC and single or nonaggressive SCC but not for multiple primaries, local aggressiveness, or recurrence of NMSC.
309 Coupling of plasma chemistry and combustion chemistry (2007)

A simulation method for coupling of plasma reactions and combustion reactions was newly developed in this study. Electron-impact reactions and ion recombination reactions were added to an oxidation mechanism of Methane in order to consider the interaction between plasma and flame. A mean electron temperature of the plasma was calculated by solving Boltzman equations by Bolsig code. Effects of strength of an electric field of the plasma and of composition of the mixture on combustion reaction can be analyzed. The authors succeeded in including both reactions in the same code. However, there are some problems such as limitation of thermo-chemical data for ions and excited species.
A hybrid data mining approach to discover Bayesian networks using evolutionary programming (2002)

Given the explosive growth of data collected from current business environment, data mining can potentially discover new knowledge to improve managerial decision making. We propose a novel data mining approach that employs evolutionary programming to discover knowledge represented in Bayesian networks and apply the approach to marketing data. There are two different approaches to the network learning problem. The first one uses dependency analysis, while the second approach searches good network structures according to a metric. Unfortunately, the two approaches both have their own drawbacks. Thus, we propose a novel hybrid of the two approaches. With this new idea, we endeavor to improve upon our previous work, MDLEP, which uses evolutionary programming for network learning. We also introduce a new operator to further enhance the search efficiency. We conduct a number of experiments and compare the hybrid approach with MDLEP. The empirical results illustrate that the approach improves over MDLEP.
2A2-U06 Development of High-functionality Nursing-care Assistant Robot ROBEAR for Patient-transfer and Standing Assistance (2015)

In aging societies, the burden of nursing care has become heavier and heavier. In order to reduce the burden by the introduction of robot technologies, a new prototype high-functionality nursing-care assistant robot named ROBEAR is developed. It has two human-type arms that are used to lift and move a patient from a bed to a wheelchair or to assist a patient to stand up. For realizing soft movement of the two arms, three kinds of force related sensors are employed on each aim. In the present paper, the outline of ROBEAR is explained, and the results of actual experiments on patient-transfer and standing assistance are reported.
New insights into the pathogenesis and therapeutics of episodic ataxia type 1 (2015)

Episodic ataxia type 1 (EA1) is a K(+) channelopathy characterized by a broad spectrum of symptoms. Generally, patients may experience constant myokymia and dramatic episodes of spastic contractions of the skeletal muscles of the head, arms, and legs with loss of both motor coordination and balance. During attacks additional symptoms may be reported such as vertigo, blurred vision, diplopia, nausea, headache, diaphoresis, clumsiness, stiffening of the body, dysarthric speech, and difficulty in breathing. These episodes may be precipitated by anxiety, emotional stress, fatigue, startle response or sudden postural changes. Epilepsy is overrepresented in EA1. The disease is inherited in an autosomal dominant manner, and genetic analysis of several families has led to the discovery of a number of point mutations in the voltage-dependent K(+) channel gene KCNA1 (Kv1.1), on chromosome 12p13. To date KCNA1 is the only gene known to be associated with EA1. Functional studies have shown that these mutations impair Kv1.1 channel function with variable effects on channel assembly, trafficking and biophysics. Despite the solid evidence obtained on the molecular mechanisms underlying EA1, how these cause dysfunctions within the central and peripheral nervous systems circuitries remains elusive. This review summarizes the main breakthrough findings in EA1, discusses the neurophysiological mechanisms underlying the disease, current therapies, future challenges and opens a window onto the role of Kv1.1 channels in central nervous system (CNS) and peripheral nervous system (PNS) functions.
CD46 expression is indicative of shorter revival-free survival for ovarian cancer patients. (2007)

Ovarian cancers manifest CD46 expression that is linked to a less favourable prognosis.
Distance and Matching for Authentication by On-Line Signature (2006)

Authentication by on-line handwritten signature is one of the most accepted authentication way, this is due to its easy use and to our cultural habits. In order to improve performances of the authentication process, we propose to take into account, on one part, the global temporal aspect and the efficiency of the writing of the signature and, on the other part, the signature variability of a person by using the only available information, the training signatures. To improve the robustness of the process we propose a method which consists of selecting the representative points in the signature. Curves comparison is based on dynamic time warping (DTW) in an original way. The different methods elaborated are tested on two databases of signatures and compared with the standard use of DTW. It shows the relevance of the improvements. All the modifications that we have presented will allow to obtain an improvement of more than 15%.
DNA vaccination with a gene encoding Toxoplasma gondii GRA6 induces partial protection against toxoplasmosis in BALB/c mice (2011)

Our result supports the concept that the acquired immune response is MHC restricted. This study has a major implication for vaccine designs using a single antigen in a population with diverse MHC class I alleles.
Performance characteristics for an array of two receiving systems with unequal predetection signal-to-noise ratios and enhanced radio frequency carrier margin improvement (1986)

Enhanced radio frequency carrier margin improvement for arrayed receiving systems for coherent reception of phase modulated signals with residual carrier provides a significant reduction in carrier loop phase noise and increase in signal to noise ratio in the RF carrier tracking loop with an attendant reduction in telemetry radio loss. A significant increase in Doppler frequency rate capability is also realized relative to operating at a narrower tracking loop bandwidth to obtain the same carrier sensitivity improvement. These performance characteristics are examined for an array of two receiving systems with unequal apertures and statistically independent predetection noise.
3D object position retrieval with the light-field camera and microscope (2019)

Light-field camera ray-trace simulations show that for sparse samples, the location, symmetry and size of the point-source response can provide lateral positions to a detector pixel size, and defocus to a lenslet focal length.
Rapid iterative reconstruction for echo planar imaging (1999)

A rapid automated method for reconstructing echo planar imaging (EPI) data has been developed and is shown to improve image quality by suppressing the troublesome ghost artifact. The algorithm can be applied without prior knowledge obtained from either reference scans or operator intervention. It first estimates, then improves iteratively, the parameters for a linear phase correction applied directly to the complex image data derived from odd and even echoes. The theory used to derive the criteria employed in the iteration provides insight into mechanisms that allow the process to work. Magn Reson Med 42:541-547, 1999.
Post-combustion CO2 capture experiments in a 1 MWth carbonate looping pilot (2012)

An der Technischen Universitat Darmstadt wird im Bereich der CO2-Abscheidung aus den Rauchgasen fossil gefeuerter Kraftwerke geforscht. Einen vielversprechenden Ansatz im Rahmen der Post-Combustion-Technologien stellt das sogenannte Carbonate-Looping-Verfahren dar. Hierbei wird CO2 aus einer herkommlichen Verbrennung durch die Verwendung von Kalk als Sorbens in einem Wirbelschichtreaktor abgetrennt. In einem weiteren Wirbelschichtreaktor wird das Sorbens kontinuierlich durch die Verbrennung eines Brennstoffs bei Temperaturen von etwa 900 °C regeneriert. Zur Untersuchung dieses und anderer Verfahren wurde in Darmstadt eine Versuchsanlage im Masstab von 1 MWth errichtet. Zum aktuellen Zeitpunkt liegen Messdaten von mehr als 650 Stunden Carbonate-Looping-Betrieb vor. Der vorliegende Beitrag befasst sich mit einer Versuchskampagne aus dem Fruhjahr 2012. Es wird eine Auswahl an Betriebsdaten vorgestellt, die Druckprofile, Temperaturen, Volumenstrome und CO2-Abscheideraten umfasst. Wahrend des Betriebs konnten hohe CO2-Abscheideraten von uber 90 % erzielt werden. Zur Regeneration des Sorbens wurde dabei neben Propan auch Kohle in mit Sauerstoff angereicherter Luft verbrannt. Der Sauerstoffanteil lag bei bis zu 50 % Vol.
Gradient innterpenetrating polymer networks. II. Polyacrylamide gradients in poly(ether urethane) (1983)

Abstract The surface of poly(ether urethhane) is modified by preparing gradient interpenetrating polymer networks (IPNs) with polyyacrylamide hydrogels. Soveral experimental methods are used for preparing the gradient IPNs. Attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared (ATR‐FTIR) is used as the main characterization technique.
A simple and novel two phase interleaved LLC series resonant converter employing a phase of the resonant capacitor (2009)

LLC series resonant converter has many unique characteristics and improvements over PWM topologies. However, many output capacitors are needed in parallel to satisfy an output voltage ripple and a rated ripple current of the capacitors. This paper is dealt with a novel two phase interleaved LLC resonant converter using a phase of the resonant capacitor. The proposed converter satisfies low output-voltage ripple requirement and meets the rated ripple of output capacitor's current with few output capacitors. The operation and features is considered in detail and a prototype with a 12 V-100 A output is investigated.
Novacor Left Ventricular Assist System Long-Term Performance: Comparison of Clinical Experience with Demonstrated In Vitro Reliability (2002)

Since the first implant of the Novacor wearable left ventricular assist system (LVAS) in 1993, median implant duration worldwide has increased from 93 days (max 2.2 years) to 202 days (max 4.1 years) in May 2001. In vitro reliability/durability testing of the Novacor LVAS has previously demonstrated a mean time to failure of 4.2 (3.04-5.59) years. These tests revealed a single failure mode--main bearing wear--with measurable symptoms gradually appearing before degradation of pump function. An ongoing clinical study of 37 recipients implanted for more than 1 year has shown that a simple noninvasive method of pump surveillance, derived from the in vitro experience, is well tolerated in the clinical setting. The overall clinical experience is consistent with in vitro reliability/durability tests that demonstrated 99.9%, 98.5%, and 87.4% freedom from wear at 1, 2, and 3 years (80% confidence). So far, the clinical study has shown 99.4%, 91.5%, and 91.5% freedom from wear at the same 1, 2, and 3 year intervals (95% confidence). Furthermore, the clinical findings have corroborated the in vitro experience that the wear mechanism is generally measurable and gradual, enabling elective clinical LVAS replacement or transplantation. Clinical valve performance was also monitored, using an exercise protocol and collecting comparative data on peak flows across the valves. It was determined that developing valve dysfunction could be diagnosed early and, in the failures that did occur (n = 2), these were related to the patient's disease state. In conclusion, although clinical conditions exposed the LVAS to a wide range of different environmental and hydraulic stresses, the surveillance program described appears practical and reliable, and its findings broadly parallel those of the earlier in vitro study. Additional data needed to complete formal validation continue to be collected.
The past, present, and future of supply-chain automation (2002)

We trace 20th-Century developments in the area of supply-chain automation and discuss the history of automation from the viewpoints of material-flow, information-flow, supervision and control, and relationship automation and identify future directions. The main message is that it is important to make balanced investments in all four facets of automation: material-flow, information-flow, supervision and control, and relationship automation to maximize shareholder value. to maximize shareholder value. Just in time to enhance 21st-century industry, material-flow, information-flow, supervision and control, and relationship automation are reaching maturity.
Kinetics of Thermal Damage to a Collagenous Membrane Under Biaxial Isotonic Loading (2004)

Prior isothermal uniaxial isotonic tests on tendons reveal that higher temperatures hasten the rate of thermal denaturation whereas larger mechanical loads delay it; moreover, these findings suggest a time-temperature-load equivalency whereby similar levels of denaturation, as reflected by tissue shrinkage, can be attained via many combinations of heating time, temperature level, and mechanical loading. Yet, most tissues and organs experience multiaxial loads in vivo, and their microstructure differs significantly from that of tendons, thus, we must also evaluate the effects of multiaxial stresses on the kinetics of denaturation in other tissues. In this paper, we describe a new experimental approach for performing isothermal biaxial isotonic tests on thin sheet-like specimens and we report effects of various thermomechanical loads on the rate and amount of multiaxial shrinkage of bovine epicardium. Consistent with uniaxial studies, epicardial shrinkage generally increased sigmoidally with heating time, and a characteristic heating time revealed increases in the rate of shrinkage with higher temperature and decreases with larger biaxial loads. Although this characteristic time exhibited an Arrhenius-type character, time-temperature-load equivalency was not obtained when scaling time with this metric. General multiaxial thermomechanics is thus too complex to explain via a simple extension of uniaxial findings on tendons and there is a pressing need for more data and an appropriate theoretical framework.
Correlation of the development of knee pain with enlarging bone marrow lesions on magnetic resonance imaging (2007)

Development of knee pain is associated with an increase in BMLs as revealed on MRI.
Intraosseous Infusion Devices: A Comparison for Potential Use in Special Operations (2000)

These IO devices were easy to teach and learn as well as easy to use. Insertion times compared favorably with peripheral intravenous catheter placement in the face of hemorrhage. All four devices can be appropriately used in the Special Operations environment and are reasonable alternatives when intravenous access cannot be gained. Although no device was rated higher than the others, particular features are desirable (low weight/size, simplicity, reusability, secure, clean, well protected).
Calcium Phosphate Coatings by Sol-Gel on Acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene Substrate (2016)

Additive manufacture is an effective technology to produce complex macrostructures from polymers. Sol-gel is a chemical process that affords multifunctional materials by functionalization of different substrates. This work reports on the use of acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene polymer (ABS) as starting material to obtain a substrate by additive manufacture. Coating of ABS by the sol-gel methodology generated a multifunctional material. Sols with and without phosphate ions were prepared from silicon and calcium alkoxide. Based on X-ray diffraction patterns, a calcium phosphate crystalline structure emerged on ABS after contact of the substrate with simulated body fluid. Infrared analysis revealed that the peaks of the functionalized substrate shifted, indicating that ABS interacted with the sol-gel coating. According to thermal analysis, the maximum decomposition temperature of the coated samples was 20 C higher as compared to non-coated ABS. Sol-gel and additive manufacture are important technologies to produce materials with applications in biological medium.
High-Resolution Distance Dependence Study of Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering Enabled by Atomic Layer Deposition (2016)

We present a high-resolution distance dependence study of surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) enabled by atomic layer deposition (ALD) at 55 and 100 °C. ALD is used to deposit monolayers of Al2O3 on bare silver film over nanospheres (AgFONs) and AgFONs functionalized with self-assembled monolayers. Operando SERS is used to measure the intensities of the Al-CH3 and C-H stretches from trimethylaluminum (TMA) as a function of distance from the AgFON surface. This study clearly demonstrates that SERS on AgFON substrates displays both a short- and long-range nanometer scale distance dependence. Excellent agreement is obtained between these experiments and theory that incorporates both short-range and long-range terms. This is a high-resolution operando SERS distance dependence study performed in one integrated experiment using ALD Al2O3 as the spacer layer and Raman label simultaneously. The long-range SERS distance dependence should make it possible to detect chemisorbed surface species located as far as ∼3 nm from the AgFON substrate and will provide new insight into the surface chemistry of ALD and catalytic reactions.