gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Acidolysis of intermediates used in the preparation of core-modified porphyrinic macrocycles (2002)

The stability towards acidolysis of intermediates used in the preparation of core-modified porphyrinic macrocycles was examined. Experiments were performed using analogs of 5-phenyldipyrromethane in which one of the two pyrrole rings was modified (XPM). The XPMs utilized in these studies had X = 2-furyl (OPM), 2-thienyl (SPM), 2-selenyl (SePM), or 3-pyrrolyl ( NC PPM). The XPMs possess a potentially labile linkage to a heteroatom-modified ring as well as a potentially labile linkage to a pyrrole ring. The stability of the two types of linkages was examined under acid catalysis conditions commonly used in the preparation of porphyrinic macrocycles. The methodology employed enabled characterization of the stability of the XPM (GC analysis), the yield of porphyrin (UV-vis absorption), and the composition of porphyrinic species (laser-desorption mass spectrometry, LD-MS) formed upon acidolysis of the XPM. These experiments showed that (1) the linkage to the heteroatom-modified ring is fairly stable in the presence of a linkage to pyrrole, and (2) the linkage to pyrrole is much more stable in the XPMs than is the case in 5-phenyldipyrromethane. Additional experiments with analogs of 5-phenyldipyrromethane having both rings modified ( X 2 M ), where X = 2- furyl ( O 2 M ), 2- thienyl ( S 2 M ), or 2- selenyl ( Se 2 M ) confirmed that linkages to furyl, thienyl, and selenyl rings are stable towards acidolysis. Taken together, the observations concerning stability of various linkages provide a foundation for understanding the types and yields of core-modified porphyrinic macrocycles formed in reactions with reactants that are not direct precursors to the isolated products.
Detection of HIV drug resistance during antiretroviral treatment and clinical progression in a large European cohort study (2008)

Although this study shows an association between the detection of resistance at failure and risk of clinical progression, further research is needed to clarify whether resistance reflects poor adherence or directly increases the risk of clinical events via exhaustion of drug options.
Epitaxial Electrodeposition of ZnO Nanowire Arrays on p-GaN for Efficient UV-Light-Emitting Diode Fabrication (2010)

The electrochemical growth of ZnO nanowire arrays on p-type GaN (0001) single crystalline thin films supported on sapphire is demonstrated for the first time. The wires were directly epitaxially grown on the GaN with the relationship ZnO(0001)[101̅0]∥GaN(0001)[101̅0]. By glancing-angle XRD experiments, the ZnO mosaicity was shown to be as low as 1.2°. The deposited ZnO-NWs exhibited a very low density of intrinsic defects as demonstrated by micro-Raman and photoluminescence (PL) experiments. The only significant PL emission of the heterojunction at room temperature was the near band edge one of ZnO at 382 nm. After integration of the heterostructure in a solid-state light-emitting diode device, a rectifying behavior was found with a forward current onset at 3 V. The diodes emitted an unique UV-light centered at 397 nm for either as-prepared or annealed samples. The emission threshold voltage was 4.4 V. The violet visible tail of the emission could be observed above 5−6 V with the naked eyes. The present results clearly state the remarkable quality of the electrochemical ZnO material and ZnO-NWs/p-GaN interface as well as the effectiveness of electrodeposited epitaxial ZnO as an active layer in solid-state UV-LED structure.
1H MR Spectroscopy Detection of Lipids and Lactate in Metastatic Brain Tumors (1996)

1H MR spectroscopy was used to correlate the metabolite signals in 66 untreated metastatic brain tumors with the results of Gd-DTPA enhanced MRI. Cubic volumes containing brain metastases of lung cancer (n=17), mammary carcinoma (n=24), melanoma (n=12) and those originating from other tumors (n=13) were examined using the double spin echo technique with CHESS pulses for water suppression and TE=135 ms. Apart from trends toward reduced signals of choline-containing compounds (Cho) and reduced post-Gd MRI contrast in lung cancer compared with the other pathology groups, the four tumor groups had similar MRI and MRS characteristics. Metastases without lipid or lactate (Lact) signal in the 1H MR spectra were comparatively small in size with homogeneous post-Gd MRI enhancement (33±5%, means±SEM; n=24) and elevated Cho signals compared with normal contralateral brain tissue (70±5% of contralateral N-acetyl aspartate signal; p<0.001). The other metastases showed either unambiguous lipid signals (n=30) or MRS detectable Lact (n=12) and were heterogeneous on MRI with divergent signals of Gd-enhancement (49±5% vs 14±8%, p<0.001) and Cho (88±10 vs 47±8% of contralateral NAA; p=0.02). Those with Lact were significantly larger compared with both other groups (p<0.02, both). It is concluded that brain metastases can be categorized into early stage (Cho), intermediate stage (lipid, higher Cho) and late stage metastases (Lact, lower Cho).
DNA Synthesis: Autoradiography and BrdU Staining (2001)

Abstract It is often necessary to evaluate the proportion of DNA‐replicating nuclei (S‐phase cells) in a given population of cells. Classical methods for detection of cells in the S phase use incorporation of modified nucleosides, followed by direct visualization of the DNA ‐replicating cells.
Einfluß von Eigenspannungen auf Die Werkstoffanstrengung in wälzbeanspruchten Bauteilen (1985)

Abstract Die Beanspruchung eines Werkstoffes in Hertz'schen Kontakten läßt sich z. B. mit der Gestaltänderungsenergie‐Hypothese (Huber, von Mises, Hencky) als Vergleichsspannung berechnen. Diese Vergleichsspannung kann dann zu den lokalen Fließeigenschaften des Werkstoffes direkt in Beziehung gesetzt werden. Bei der Berechnung der Werkstoffanstrengung muß jedoch der Einfluß der Reibung und der Eigenspannungen im Werkstoff berücksichtigt werden. Es wird gezeigt, daß es unbedingt erforderlich ist, einen größeren Bereich des Halbraumes unter dem Kontakt zu betrachten, um das Maximum der Werkstoffanstrengung zu erfassen.
CH 3 CN Observations toward Southern Massive Star‐forming Regions (2005)

Americanae nace como un proyecto conjunto que surge dentro de la Red Europea de Información y Documentación sobre América Latina (REDIAL), y que ha afrontado la Biblioteca de la Agencia Española de Cooperación Internacional para el Desarrollo (AECID). Esta nueva biblioteca virtual hace más accesibles los libros digitales de tema americanista a los investigadores y usuarios interesados de cualquier parte del mundo.
A phase 2, randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled study of siltuximab (anti‐IL‐6 mAb) and bortezomib versus bortezomib alone in patients with relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma (2014)

We compared the safety and efficacy of siltuximab (S), an anti-interleukin-6 chimeric monoclonal antibody, plus bortezomib (B) with placebo (plc) + B in patients with relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma in a randomized phase 2 study. Siltuximab was given by 6 mg/kg IV every 2 weeks. On progression, B was discontinued and high-dose dexamethasone could be added to S/plc. Response and progression-free survival (PFS) were analyzed pre-dexamethasone by European Group for Blood and Marrow Transplantation (EBMT) criteria. For the 281 randomized patients, median PFS for S + B and plc + B was 8.0 and 7.6 months (HR 0.869, P = 0.345), overall response rate was 55 versus 47% (P = 0.213), complete response rate was 11 versus 7%, and median overall survival (OS) was 30.8 versus 36.8 months (HR 1.353, P = 0.103). Sustained suppression of C-reactive protein, a marker reflective of inhibition of interleukin-6 activity, was seen with S + B. Siltuximab did not affect B pharmacokinetics. Siltuximab/placebo discontinuation (75 versus 66%), grade ≥3 neutropenia (49 versus 29%), thrombocytopenia (48 versus 34%), and all-grade infections (62 versus 49%) occurred more frequently with S + B. The addition of siltuximab to bortezomib did not appear to improve PFS or OS despite a numerical increase in response rate in patients with relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma.
Forwarding-Loop Attacks in Content Delivery Networks (2016)

We describe how malicious customers can attack the availability of Content Delivery Networks (CDNs) by creating forwarding loops inside one CDN or across multiple CDNs. Such forwarding loops cause one request to be processed repeatedly or even indefinitely, resulting in undesired resource consumption and potential Denial-of-Service attacks. To evaluate the practicality of such forwarding-loop attacks, we examined 16 popular CDN providers and found all of them are vulnerable to some form of such attacks. While some CDNs appear to be aware of this threat and have adopted specific forwarding-loop detection mechanisms, we discovered that they can all be bypassed with new attack techniques. Although conceptually simple, a comprehensive defense requires collaboration among all CDNs. Given that hurdle, we also discuss other mitigations that individual CDN can implement immediately. At a higher level, our work underscores the hazards that can arise when a networked system provides users with control over forwarding, particularly in a context that lacks a single point of administrative control.
On a non-existent ventral filtration current inHemimysis lamornae(Couch) andPraunus flexuosus(MÜller) (Crustacea: Mysidacea) (1981)

Abstract The two species were investigated by methods similar to those used in earlier investigations, and on freely swimming animals. The ventral filtration current claimed by the earlier investigators is artificial, caused by the unnatural experimental conditions under which the animals were kept. No forwardly or backwardly directed ventral filtration current occurs in freely swimming individuals.
Structural proteins of Chikungunya virus (1984)

Polyacrylamide gel analysis of the structural proteins of African and Asian strains of Chikungunya virus, an alphavirus, showed that both strains contain three structural proteins: glycosylated E1 and E2, embedded in the viral envelope, and a nonglycosylated nucleocapsid protein. In pulse-chase experiments the precursor protein PE2 was chased into glycoprotein E2, which migrated slightly faster than did glycoprotein E1. The third Chikungunya glycoprotein, E3, was not associated with mature virions but was released into culture fluids. With glycoproteins E1 and E2, separated by glass wool column chromatography, it was shown that hemagglutinating activity is associated with glycoprotein E1.
FiltPIM: In-Memory Filter for DNA Sequencing (2021)

Aligning the entire genome of an organism is a compute-intensive task. Pre-alignment filters substantially reduce computation complexity by filtering potential alignment locations. The base-count filter successfully removes over 68% of the potential locations through a histogram-based heuristic. This paper presents FiltPIM, an efficient design of the base-count filter that is based on memristive processing-in-memory. The in-memory design reduces CPU-to-memory data transfer and utilizes both intra-crossbar and inter-crossbar memristive stateful-logic parallelism. The reduction in data transfer and the efficient stateful-logic computation together improve filtering time by 100x compared to a CPU implementation of the filter.
Direct injection analysis of fatty and resin acids in papermaking process waters by HPLC/MS (2011)

A novel HPLC-atmospheric pressure chemical ionization/MS (HPLC-APCI/MS) method was developed for the rapid analysis of selected fatty and resin acids typically present in papermaking process waters. A mixture of palmitic, stearic, oleic, linolenic, and dehydroabietic acids was separated by a commercial HPLC column (a modified stationary C(18) phase) using gradient elution with methanol/0.15% formic acid (pH 2.5) as a mobile phase. The internal standard (myristic acid) method was used to calculate the correlation coefficients and in the quantitation of the results. In the thorough quality parameters measurement, a mixture of these model acids in aqueous media as well as in six different paper machine process waters was quantitatively determined. The measured quality parameters, such as selectivity, linearity, precision, and accuracy, clearly indicated that, compared with traditional gas chromatographic techniques, the simple method developed provided a faster chromatographic analysis with almost real-time monitoring of these acids.
A highly sensitive flexible metal–organic framework sets a new benchmark for separating propyne from propylene (2018)

A highly sensitive flexible material TIFSIX-14-Cu-i with benchmark C<sub>3</sub>H<sub>4</sub>/C<sub>3</sub>H<sub>6</sub> separation performance was designed through control of the threshold pressure.
Synthesis and characterization of the lead borate Pb6B12O21(OH)6 (2016)

Abstract A lead borate with the composition Pb 6 B 12 O 21 (OH) 6 was synthesized through a hydrothermal synthesis, using lead metaborate in combination with sodium nitrate and potassium nitrate. The compound crystallizes in the trigonal, non-centrosymmetric space group P 3 2 (no. 145) with the lattice parameters a = 1176.0(4), c = 1333.0(4) pm, and V = 0.1596(2) nm 3 . Interestingly, the data of Pb 6 B 12 O 21 (OH) 6 correct the structure of a literature known lead borate with the composition “Pb 6 B 11 O 18 (OH) 9 ”. For the latter compound, nearly identical lattice parameters of a = 1176.91(7) and c = 1333.62(12) pm were reported, possessing a crystal structure, in which the localization and refinement of one boron atom was obviously overlooked. The structure of Pb 6 B 12 O 21 (OH) 6 is built up from trigonal planar BO 3 and tetrahedral BO 4 groups forming complex chains. The Pb 2+ cations are located between neighboring polyborate chains. The here reported compound Pb 6 B 12 O 21 (OH) 6 and “Pb 6 B 11 O 18 (OH) 9 ” were, however, produced under different synthesis conditions. While “Pb 6 B 11 O 18 (OH) 9 ” was synthesized via a hydrothermal synthesis including ethylenediamine and acetic acid, the here reported lead borate Pb 6 B 12 O 21 (OH) 6 could be obtained under moderate hydrothermal conditions (240°C) without the addition of organic reagents.
A scalable, clinically severe pig model for Duchenne muscular dystrophy (2021)

Large-animal models for Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) are crucial for the evaluation of diagnostic procedures and treatment strategies. Pigs cloned from male cells lacking DMD exon 52 (DMDΔ52) exhibit molecular, clinical and pathological hallmarks of DMD, but die before sexual maturity and cannot be propagated by breeding. Therefore, we generated female DMD+/- carriers. A single founder animal had 11 litters with 29 DMDY/-, 34 DMD+/- as well as 36 male and 29 female wild-type offspring. Breeding with F1 and F2 DMD+/- carriers resulted in an additional 114 DMDY/- piglets. With intensive neonatal management, the majority survived for 3-4 months, providing statistically relevant cohorts for experimental studies. Pathological investigations and proteome studies of skeletal muscles and myocardium confirmed the resemblance to human disease mechanisms. Importantly, DMDY/- pigs displayed progressive myocardial fibrosis and increased expression of connexin-43, associated with significantly reduced left ventricular ejection fraction, at 3 months. Furthermore, behavioral tests provided evidence for impaired cognitive ability. Our breeding cohort of DMDΔ52 pigs and standardized tissue repositories provide important resources for studying DMD disease mechanisms and for testing novel treatment strategies.
Prognosis in Head and Neck Cancer (2005)

Objectives: To assess how p53 gene mutations and microvessel density (MVD) may be used as prognostic markers for the study and management of head and neck squamous cell carcinomas and to investigate putative associations between p53 gene mutations and MVD and the relationship of these factors to tumor response to radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy at 6 weeks. Patients and Design: Thirty-nine patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck, stages I to IV, who were examined at Rush-Presbyterian-St Luke’s Medical Center, Chicago, Ill, and its affiliated hospitals between 1993 and 1995 were monitored. Mutations in the p53 gene were identified by microdissection of tumor cells on frozen sections, followed by single-strand conformation polymorphism analysis of the products of polymerase chain reaction amplification of exons 5 to 9. The microvessels were immunostained with monoclonal antibodies to factor VIII and/or CD31. Microvessel counts were done by 2 investigators blinded to each other’s counts and to the p53 gene status. Intratumoral or peritumoral microvascular “hot spots” were assessed and counts were done with an ocular grid in 33200 fields of hot spots by each investigator. The mean of the highest values was considered. Statistical analysis was done with the Wilcoxon rank sum test, the log-rank test, and proportional hazard models. Results: Of the 39 patients, 13 had mutations in exons 5 to 9. Mutations in the p53 gene were associated with unfavorable overall (P=.003) and disease-free (P=.02) survival. A strong inverse relationship was seen between MVD and p53 mutations (P=.01). No statistically significant relationship was seen between mean MVD and overall and disease-free survival. The response to therapy differed significantly (P=.03) by p53 mutations, whereas there was no statistical significance with MVD counts.
Three Dimensional Orientation Measurements in Liquid-Crystalline Polymers by FT-IR ATR Dichroism. (1987)

Abstract : Fourier transform infrared attenuated total reflecting dichroism technique using double-edged crystal and specially-built attachment was used for a comprehensive characterization of molecular orientation in three dimension on an injection molded liquid crystalline copolyester plaque. This copolymer contains 75% of hydroxybenzoic acid (HBA) and 25% of 2,6-hydroxynaphthoic acid (HNA). Orientation functions were estimated averaging about a 10 u thick layer as a function of the location from the gate as well as the thickness direction. Orientation profiles are similar for both HBA vibrational peak and HNA vibrational peak, which is not inconsistent with the proposed random copolymer structure by x-ray studies. Orientation, however, is found to be a strong function of the location from the gate as well as the thickness direction. In general, greater orientation has been observed on the skin than the intermediate or the core surface, with molecules lying on the surface rather than being tilted along the thickness direction. Keywords: Surface structure, Fourier transform infrared attenuated total reflectance Dichroism, Injection, Molded liquid crystalline polymers, Orientation profile, Molecular orientation.
Silicon Inverse‐Opal‐Based Macroporous Materials as Negative Electrodes for Lithium Ion Batteries (2009)

Abstract Several types of silicon‐based inverse‐opal films are synthesized, characterized by a range of experimental techniques, and studied in terms of electrochemical performance. Amorphous silicon inverse opals are fabricated via chemical vapor deposition. Galvanostatic cycling demonstrates that these materials possess high capacities and reasonable capacity retentions. Amorphous silicon inverse opals perform unsatisfactorily at high rates due to the low conductivity of silicon. The conductivity of silicon inverse opals can be improved by their crystallization. Nanocrystalline silicon inverse opals demonstrate much better rate capabilities but the capacities fade to zero after several cycles. Silicon–carbon composite inverse‐opal materials are synthesized by depositing a thin layer of carbon via pyrolysis of a sucrose‐based precursor onto the silicon inverse opals. The amount of carbon deposited proves to be insufficient to stabilize the structures and silicon–carbon composites demonstrate unsatisfactory electrochemical behavior. Carbon inverse opals are coated with amorphous silicon producing another type of macroporous composite. These electrodes demonstrate significant improvement both in capacity retentions and in rate capabilities. The inner carbon matrix not only increases the material conductivity but also results in lower silicon pulverization during cycling.
Traffic engineering in software defined networks (2013)

Software Defined Networking is a new networking paradigm that separates the network control plane from the packet forwarding plane and provides applications with an abstracted centralized view of the distributed network state. A logically centralized controller that has a global network view is responsible for all the control decisions and it communicates with the network-wide distributed forwarding elements via standardized interfaces. Google recently announced [5] that it is using a Software Defined Network (SDN) to interconnect its data centers due to the ease, efficiency and flexibility in performing traffic engineering functions. It expects the SDN architecture to result in better network capacity utilization and improved delay and loss performance. The contribution of this paper is on the effective use of SDNs for traffic engineering especially when SDNs are incrementally introduced into an existing network. In particular, we show how to leverage the centralized controller to get significant improvements in network utilization as well as to reduce packet losses and delays. We show that these improvements are possible even in cases where there is only a partial deployment of SDN capability in a network. We formulate the SDN controller's optimization problem for traffic engineering with partial deployment and develop fast Fully Polynomial Time Approximation Schemes (FPTAS) for solving these problems. We show, by both analysis and ns-2 simulations, the performance gains that are achievable using these algorithms even with an incrementally deployed SDN.
Localization in Multiple Source Environments: Localizing the Missing Source (2007)

Experience in real-world listening situations suggests that listen-ers, in general, have a great deal of spatial information about mul-tiple concurrent sounds in an auditory scene. Despite this, labora-tory data would suggest that listeners should operate quite poorly in such environments. This study employed environmental sounds that would naturally occur in real-world auditory environments and measured sound localization in auditory scenes containing 1, 2, 4, 6, or 8 concurrent sounds. The identifying feature of the target was that it was the only sound deleted from the multiple-source au-ditory scene at the end of an observation interval of a specific dura-tion (2.5, 4.5, 6.5, or 8.5 sec). The results indicate that localization can be surprisingly good in complex auditory scenes. However, as an auditory scene becomes more complex, listeners appear to benefit from longer exposure to the scene in order to accurately judge the location of a change in the scene. [Work supported by AFOSR.] [Keywords: Sound Localization, Multiple Sources]
Metal Parts From Selective Laser Sintering of Metal-Polymer Powders (2018)

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