gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Internationalizing Speech Technology through Language Independent Lexical Acquisition (2018)

Software internationalization, the process of making software easier to localize for specific languages, has deep implications when applied to speech technology, where the goal of the task lies in the very essence of the particular language. <br>A great deal of work and fine-tuning normally goes into the development of speech software for a single language, say English. This tuning complicates a port to different languages. The inherent identity of a language manifests itself in its lexicon, where its character set, phoneme set, pronunciation rules are revealed. We propose a decomposition of the lexicon building process, into four discrete and sequential steps: <br>(a) Transliteration code points from Unicode. <br>(b) Orthographic standardization rules.<br>(c) Application of grapheme to phoneme rules.<br>(d) Application of phonological rules. <br>In following these steps one should gain accessibility to most of the existing speech/language processing tools, thereby internationalizing one's speech technology. In addition, adhering to this decomposition should allow for a reduction of rule conflicts that often plague the phoneticizing process. <br>Our work makes two main contributions: it proposes a systematic procedure for the internationalization of automatic speech recognition (ASR) systems. It also proposes a particular decomposition of the phoneticization process that facilitates internationalization by non-expert informants.
Multi-document Summarization via Budgeted Maximization of Submodular Functions (2010)

We treat the text summarization problem as maximizing a submodular function under a budget constraint. We show, both theoretically and empirically, a modified greedy algorithm can efficiently solve the budgeted submodular maximization problem near-optimally, and we derive new approximation bounds in doing so. Experiments on DUC’04 task show that our approach is superior to the bestperforming method from the DUC’04 evaluation on ROUGE-1 scores. 1
An adaptive SIR method for block-wise evolving data streams (2011)

In this communication, we consider block-wise evolving data streams.\nWhen a semiparametric regression model involving a common dimension reduction direction B is assumed for each block, we propose an adaptive SIR (for sliced inverse regression) estimator of B. This estimator is faster than usual SIR applied to the union of all the blocks, both from computational complexity and running time\npoints of view. We show the consistency of our estimator at the root-n rate. In a simulation, we illustrate the good numerical behaviour of the estimator. We also provide a graphical tool in order to detect if there exists a drift of the dimension reduction direction or some aberrant blocks of data. We illustrate our approach with various scenarios. Finally, possible extensions of this method are given.
The BCL6 Oncoprotein Forms Distinct Transcriptional Repression Complexes on Cohorts of Target Genes Involved in Specific Cellular Functions. (2005)

Abstract The BCL6 (B-Cell-Lymphoma-6) oncoprotein is required for formation of germinal centers by normal B-cells and is frequently constitutively activated in B-cell lymphomas. BCL6 is a transcriptional repressor of the BTB/POZ - zinc finger family of proteins. Transcriptional repressors are generally believed to function by binding to specific DNA sequences in target promoters and then recruiting a cohort of corepressor proteins that physically alter the chromatin structure of the locus leading to silencing. BCL6 can recruit several different corepressors. Accordingly, N-CoR, SMRT and BCoR bind to the BTB domain of BCL6, the NuRD complex binds to the second repression domain and ETO binds to the C-terminal zinc finger domain. These proteins recruit additional corepressors such as HDACS, thus forming multi-protein complexes. BCL6 is involved in both licensing germinal center B-cells for survival as well as blocking differentiation to memory or plasma cells. However, we found that blockade of the BCL6 BTB domain with a specific inhibitor causes only apoptosis but not differentiation of B-cells. In order to identify BCL6 target genes and the mechanism through which they are silenced, we performed extensive ChIP on chip analysis of BCL6, its corepressors, and their chromatin signatures using tiled oligonucleotide arrays containing 1.5 KB of 24,000 promoters. These were performed in the presence or absence of BCL6 shRNA and other BCL6 inhibitor molecules, in tandem with expression arrays as a functional readout. We also performed in depth ChIP on chip experiments using custom arrays, where sets of entire BCL6 target loci were tiled through with overlapping oligos. From these studies we i) identified a large cohort of direct BCL6 target genes involved in apoptosis, cell damage, protein degradation and differentiation that provide critical insight into the mechanism of action of BCL6 in normal and malignant B-cells; ii) discovered that cohorts of BCL6 direct target genes involved in different pathways are regulated by specific corepressors, which are mutually exclusive in their binding to BCL6 target loci, iii) that BCL6 can repress genes through a variety of different mechanisms with unique chromatin signatures. Thus, previously unrecognized mechanisms exist in transcriptional repression, that determine formation of specific corepressor complexes. Using this information, we have been able to re-activate discrete cohorts of BCL6 target genes controlled by specific corepressors, resulting in specific biological effects such as apoptosis or differentiation of lymphoma cells. These results provide fundamental insights into the transcriptional and biological mechanism of action of BCL6 in B-cells.
Lead exposure and neurobehavioral development in later infancy. (1990)

A prospective methodology was used to assess the neurobehavioral effects of fetal and postnatal lead exposure during the first 2 years of life. Lead was measured in whole blood prenatally in mothers and at quarterly intervals in the infant. Prenatal blood lead levels were low (mean = 8.0 micrograms/dL). However, approximately 25% of the study infants had at least one serial blood lead level of 25 micrograms/dL or higher during the second year of life. Multiple regression and structural equation analyses revealed statistically significant relationships between prenatal and neonatal blood lead level and 3- and 6-month Bayley Mental and/or Psychomotor Development Index. However, by 2 years of age, no statistically significant effects of prenatal or postnatal lead exposure on neurobehavioral development could be detected. Data consistent with the hypothesis that a postnatal neurobehavioral growth catch-up occurred in infants exposed fetally to higher levels of lead are presented.
Tunable terahertz waves from 4-dimethylamino-N′-methyl-4′-stibazolium tosylate pumped with dual-wavelength injection-seeded optical parametric generation (2017)

We developed a widely tunable terahertz (THz)-wave source covering the sub-THz frequency by difference frequency generation using a 4-dimethylamino-N'-methyl-4'-stibazolium tosylate (DAST) crystal. Near-infrared waves generated by dual-wavelength injection-seeded β-BaB2O4 optical parametric generation (is-BBO-OPG) were used for pumping the DAST crystal, which had separated wavelengths in the spectrum with a difference frequency of sub-THz. Furthermore, the non-collinear phase-matching condition was designed to compensate the walk-off effect of the BBO crystal. Consequently, tunable THz-waves from 0.3 to 4 THz were generated by tuning the wavelength of one of the seeding beams. The generated sub-THz-waves were monochromatic (dν < 33 GHz) with a maximum energy of 80 pJ at 0.65 THz.
Acute Pulmonary Embolism: Effect of a Computer-assisted Detection Prototype on Diagnosis—An Observer Study (2011)

At the expense of increased reading time, CAD has the potential to increase reader sensitivity for detecting segmental and subsegmental PE without significant loss of specificity.
Bioinformatics Analysis of Whole Gene Evolution and ORF3 Coding Protein of Porcine Circovirus Type 2 Jiangsu Strain (2012)

By bioinformatics methods and tools,the sequence of whole genes of PCV2 Jianssu strain(GQ358994.1)isolated in China registered by NCBI has been analyzed while the composition of amino acid sequences,molecular structure,physical and chemical characters,transmembrane helices,secondary structure,glycosylation site,phosphorylation site and antigen index of ORF3 coding protein were analyzed and predicted.The result shows that the sequences between Jiangsu strain and the other strains is fairly similar(99%).ORF3 coding protein takes no transmembrane regions and the random coils covers 54.81%.It owns 7 phosphorylation sites while there are no glycosylation sites.The comprehensive analysis indicts the antigen index of ORF3 coding protein is fairly high.Theoretical foundation for the design of PCV2 vaccine could be provided by method of bioinformatics analysis.
Symptomatic and Disease-Modifying Therapy for the Progressive Ataxias (2004)

There are as yet no drugs that have been approved by the Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of the progressive ataxias and relatively few disease-modifying therapies, but symptomatic and rehabilitation interventions can greatly improve the quality of life of individuals with these disabling neurodegenerative disorders.
Information flow control in cloud computing (2010)

Cloud computing is an emerging computing paradigm where computing resources are provided as services over Internet while residing in a large data center. Even though it enables us to dynamically provide servers with the ability to address a wide range of needs, this paradigm brings forth many new ch
Preclinical studies on the toxicology, pharmacokinetics and safety of K1-70TM a human monoclonal autoantibody to the TSH receptor with TSH antagonist activity (2019)

The toxicology, pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic data in this preclinical study were helpful in designing the first in human study with K1-70™ administered to subjects with Graves' disease.
Adaptive proportional delay differentiated services: characterization and performance evaluation (2001)

We examine a proportional-delay model for Internet differentiated services. Under this model, an Internet service provider (ISP) can control the waiting-time "spacings" between different classes of traffic. Specifically, the ISP tries to ensure that the average waiting time of class i traffic relative to that of class i-1 traffic is kept at a constant specified ratio. If the waiting-time ratio of class i-1 to class i is greater than one, the ISP can legitimately charge users of class i traffic a higher tariff rate (compared to the rate for class i-1 traffic), since class i users consistently enjoy better performance than class i-1 users. To realize such proportional-delay differentiated services, we use the time-dependent priority scheduling algorithm. We formally characterize the feasible regions in which given delay ratios can be achieved. Moreover, a set of control parameters for obtaining the desired delay ratios can be determined by an efficient iterative algorithm. We also use an adaptive control algorithm to maintain the correctness of these parameters in response to changing system load. Experiments are carried out to illustrate the short-term, medium-term and long-term relative waiting-time performances for different service classes under Poisson, Pareto, MMPP and mixed traffic workloads. We also carry out experiments to evaluate the achieved end-to-end accumulative waiting times for different classes of traffic which traverse multiple hops under our service model.
Preliminary Experiments of a High-Velocity Thermal Spraying using a High-Current Ablation Arc Jet (1994)

A technique to generate a pulsed high-current ablation arc jet was developed for the purpose of establishing a method to spray materials in the velocity range exceeding the limit of conventional thermal spraying. Basic structure of the arc jet generator was similar to that of the electromagnetic railgun except that the arc discharge was taking place through array of spot electrodes exposing on an insulating bore wall. Preliminary experiments were conducted using tungsten spot electrodes and fiber reinforced plastic (FRP) bore. By supplying a pulsed high current of 120kA in peak, an arc jet of 2-5km/s in exit velocity and 20MPa in peak bore pressure was generated. During the jet generation, about 0.6g of tungsten was ablated from the spot electrodes and sprayed to a steel substrate. However, the coating did not contain metallic tungsten but mainly consisted of tungsten carbide (W2C), of which the carbon was considered to be supplied by ablation of the FRP wall. This result indicated that the choice of the insulating materials would be essential for controlling the composition of the coating. Two unique features were observed in the coating-substrate boundary, that is, a diffusion of both tungsten and iron and an irregular ripples of the boundary layer. Those features suggested that the coating process involved both intensive heating and hydrodynamic deformation of the substrate surface due to either a high heat flux from the arc jet or high-velocity collision of the particles.
Secondary voltage-VAr controls applied to static compensators (STATCOMs) for fast voltage control and long term VAr management (2003)

This paper presents the concept and applications of secondary voltage-VAr controls applied to static compensators (STATCOMs) for fast voltage control and long term VAr management. The main purpose of the secondary controls is to ensure that an adequate range of the STATCOM dynamic capability is available for major system disturbances. The output of the secondary controls presented here call for the switching of capacitor banks to "reset" the reactive power output of the STATCOM to a prespecified level after a system event or during the course of a daily load cycle, or for fast voltage control. Two recent applications of STATCOMs coordinated with local and remote capacitor banks for the purpose of fast voltage control and long term VAr management are presented.
Job Scheduling Strategies for Parallel Processing: IPPS/SPDP'99 Workshop, JSSPP'99, San Juan, Puerto Rico, April 16, 1999, Proceedings (1999)

Scheduling for Parallel Supercomputing: A Historical Perspective of Achievable Utilization.- On the Design and Evaluation of Job Scheduling Algorithms.- Comparing Logs and Models of Parallel Workloads Using the Co-plot Method.- Benchmarks and Standards for the Evaluation of Parallel Job Schedulers.- The Effect of Correlating Quantum Allocation and Job Size for Gang Scheduling.- Scheduling on AP/Linux for Fine and Coarse Grain Parallel Processes.- Job Re-packing for Enhancing the Performance of Gang Scheduling.- Process Tracking for Parallel Job Control.- The Legion Resource Management System.- Scheduling a Metacomputer with Uncooperative Sub-schedulers.- Using Run-Time Predictions to Estimate Queue Wait Times and Improve Scheduler Performance.- Deterministic Batch Scheduling without Static Partitioning.
Three-beam Doppler optical coherence tomography using a facet prism telescope and MEMS mirror for improved transversal resolution (2014)

An improved three-beam Doppler optical coherence tomography system was developed. It utilizes a custom-made three-facet prism telescope to improve the transversal resolution at the sample. Furthermore, a two-axis gimbal-less MEMS mirror is used to minimize off-pivot beam movement at the pupil of the eye, enabling circular scanning for <i>in vivo</i> retinal measurements. We demonstrate the system's abilities for <i>in vitro</i> circular scanning to measure absolute flow and to reconstruct the full velocity vector on a bifurcation flow phantom. Moreover, <i>in vivo</i> retinal measurements using circular scanning around vessel bifurcations of healthy human volunteers were performed. Measurements of the absolute mean flow and its orientation are in good agreement with the expected values for <i>in vitro</i> measurements. For <i>in vivo</i> measurements, the in- and outflow of blood for retinal vessel bifurcations show an excellent agreement, demonstrating the reliability of the technique.
Feedback between zebra mussel selective feeding and algal composition affects mussel condition: did the regime changer pay a price for its success? (2008)

Summary 1. We investigated the role of algal composition on pumping, clearance, assimilation, pseudofaeces and faeces production, feeding time budgets, and condition of zebra mussels from spring to autumn at two sites in Saginaw Bay (Lake Huron) and one site in western Lake Erie. Size‐fractioned chlorophyll was used to distinguish between feeding on small (&lt;53 μm) and large (&gt;53 μm) size fractions, and mussel feeding behaviour was quantified by video observations. 2. Mussel pumping, clearance and assimilation rates varied among sites, particularly during summer, when phytoplankton composition varied considerably among sites. Lowest values were seen at the inner‐bay site of Saginaw Bay, low to moderate values at the outer‐bay site of Saginaw Bay, and high values at the Lake Erie site. Clearance, pumping and assimilation rates were all highly positively correlated ( R 2 = 0.76) with per cent contribution of flagellates to total algal biomass and negatively correlated with per cent of Microcystis aeruginosa ( R 2 = 0.63). The negative effects on pumping rate (as determined by clearance rate on the &lt;53 μm fraction) of Microcystis , which occurred in the &gt;53 μm fraction, could be mitigated by the presence of flagellates in the &lt;53 μm fraction. 3. Visual observations of mussel feeding showed evidence for poor seston quality during summer negatively affecting feeding rates. High faeces production during times of low assimilation rate was suggestive of poor assimilation efficiency and/or viable gut passage of grazing resistant algae. Long periods of time not filtering by the mussels during some Microcystis blooms and lack of production of a filtering current during one experiment were suggestive of intoxication from microcystin or other secondary compounds. 4. Clearance and feeding rates of the mussels in Saginaw Bay were high during spring and autumn and very low in summer, particularly at the inner‐bay site. Condition of the mussels (mass : length ratio) was highest in spring and lowest during summer. This seasonal variation probably reflected high food assimilation rate during autumn and spring and low assimilation rate and reproduction during summer. The condition of mussels throughout the year was higher at the outer‐bay than the inner‐bay site, reflecting better feeding conditions at the former. Mussel selective feeding may have been responsible for the poor quality of food at the inner bay site; therefore, we postulate that a regime shift in phytoplankton composition promoted by the mussels fed back into lowered condition of the mussels.
SP343COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS BETWEEN ONLINE MIXED-DILUTION AND POST-DILUTION HEMODIAFILTRATION ON ANEMIA MANAGEMENT (2018)

RESULTS: 1851 patients with recorded fluid status were included and evaluated. Median age was 71 years, consisting in 38,2% female with a median dialysis vintage of 44 months. Patient characteristics stratified by predialysis fluid status are presented in Table In table 2 are presented key parameters of anaemia management according to patient fluid status. In extracellular fluid overloaded ESRD HD patients, beta epoetin dose to correct anemia is significantly higher compared to normo hydrated patients (4406416 vs 2956274, p< 0,0001). In addition, the haemoglobin level is lower (11,161,1 vs 11,461,1, p< 0,0001). On the other side, IV iron dose and iron status markers as well as CRP are equivalent within the two groups. CONCLUSIONS: The findings of this real-world cross-sectional study indicate that the correction of extracellular fluid overload in HD patients is associated with an ESA hypo-responsiveness. Further studies are requested to confirm this preliminary finding. Table 1 Normovolemia Fluid overload p < OH/ECW ratio (%) 5,966,6 21,764,3 0,0001 Number of patient (% of total) 1670 (90,2%) 181 (9,8%) 0,0001 Age (yr) 68,7613,6 66,0617,2 0,05 Body mass index (kg/m2) 26,465,0 22,863,9 0,0001 Body surface area (m2) 1,860,2 1,760,2 0,05 Arterio-Venous Fistula (% of total) 85,0 84,5 ns Dialysis vintage (months) 48630 61631 0,005 Predialysis systolic blood pressure (mm Hg) 141620 146621 0,005 Postdialysis systolic blood pressure (mm Hg) 134620 139623 0,0001 Ultrafiltration rate (ml/h/kg) 9,162,4 11,163,2 0,0001 Treatment time (min) 726637 721645 ns Convective volume (L/HDF) 26,564,0 26,865,3 ns eKt/V 1,7060,35 1,7560,37 ns
Ultrasound Scanning in Reproductive Medicine and Infertility (2008)

The introduction of transvaginal ultrasound probes in the mid-1980s revolutionized pelvic scanning. As a result of their higher frequency in closer proximity to the structure being studied, they yielded a degree of image magnification that was dubbed “sonomicroscopy.” It truly was as if we were doing ultrasound through a low-powered microscope, seeing things that one would not be able to appreciate even if one could hold the structure in hand at arm's length and squint at it! Such imaging capabilities have literally changed much of our understanding of normal and aberrant structure and function in the female pelvis. Nowhere has this been more pronounced than in the area of reproductive medicine and infertility. This monograph represents the first attempt to comprehensively describe the use of ultrasound not only in our infertile patients but also in all areas of reproductive medicine. Thus, it includes essential information on the workup and evaluation of the infertile woman, including the role of ultrasound in monitoring ovulation induction, oocyte retrieval, and embryo transfer. Beyond this, when conception takes place, ultrasound has been pivotal in recognizing and monitoring early pregnancy both when normal and abnormal. Finally, important topics in reproductive medicine such as polycystic ovary syndrome, congenital uterine anomalies, and acute and chronic tubal disease have had their understanding enhanced by ultrasound and more recently three-dimensional ultrasound. Thus, the importance of including these topics in this issue becomes obvious. Whether an experienced sonologist, sonographer, or a novice in the field, this monograph will be a welcome addition to one's bookshelf but within arm's length of one's ultrasound scanner.
An arm suspension mechanism for an underactuated single legged hopping robot (2011)

The geometry, kinematics, and mechanical development of a symmetric and adjustable arm suspension mechanism for an actively stabilized single-legged hopping robot are presented. This mechanism is a key enabling design feature of a recently developed two-armed reaction wheel stabilized monopod, that is capable of conventional wheeled roving, continuous hopping, and self-uprighting. The mechanism is shown to behave essentially as a digressive-rate torsional spring placed between the two arms, in series with a weaker progressive rate torsional spring tied to the leg/central body. This makes it well-suited to recovering substantial energy from hopping motion, whilst presenting negligible resistance to antisymmetric motions used to maintain side-to-side stability. Furthermore, by storing energy purely in tension, the problem of buckling encountered with compression springs is avoided, and, the effective torsional spring constant may be varied by adjusting the spring pretension. Finally, the mechanism is self-latching near maximum deflection, allowing the vehicle to fold into a compact roving configuration, and enabling "running jumps" via the release of this gradually accumulated spring energy.