gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
EWMA Control Charts for Monitoring the Mean of Autocorrelated Processes (1999)

A standard assumption when using a control chart to monitor a process is that the observations from the process output are independent. However, for many processes the observations are autocorrelated, and this autocorrelation can have a significant effect on the performance of the control chart. This paper considers the problem of monitoring the mean of a process in which the observations can be modeled as an AR(1) process plus a random error. An exponentially weighted moving average (EWMA) control chart based on the residuals from the forecast values of the model is evaluated using an integral equation method. This control chart's performance is compared to the performance of an EWMA control chart based on the original observations, and the effect of process parameter estimation on the control charts is investigated. When the level of autocorrelation is low or moderate, the two EWMA charts require about the same amount of time to detect various shifts; but for high levels of autocorrelation and large shifts, the EWMA chart of the residuals is a little faster.
ChemInform Abstract: Dipolar Cycloaddition Route to the Synthesis of 1α,25‐Dihydroxy‐ 26‐norvitamin D2 Derivatives. (1993)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Adaptive subdivision method with crack prevention for rendering Beta-spline objects. Technical report, 7 August 1984-6 August 1987 (1987)

Adaptive subdivision is a method of creating polygonal approximations to spline surfaces. An adaptive subdivision algorithm takes an input a spline surface and a tolerance epsilon, and outputs a piecewise planar approximation to the surface that is guaranteed to differ from the actual surface by a distance no greater than epsilon. These algorithms proceed by recursively splitting the surface into smaller subsurfaces, ultimately approximating subsurfaces with planar polyhedra. These algorithms are therefore characterized by the mathematics behind the splitting of a surface, the test that is used to determine when to stop the recursion, and the method by which a subsurface is approximated by polyhedra. Algorithms of this type are currently known for spline techniques such as Bezier and B-splines. This paper describes the Beta-spline curve and surface technique and derive the equations governing the splitting of Beta-spline curves and surfaces. It presents a very general adaptive subdivision algorithm that can be used with a variety of surface techniques. It incorporates splitting criteria based on flatness and prevents cracks from occuring between approximating polyhedra. The tolerance controlling the splitting process may itself be adaptive, so that as an object moves farther away, the tolerance is automatically increased.
[In vitro models for the analysis of inflammatory processes in sarcoidosis]. (1990)

Currently there are no animal models available for interstitial lung diseases with unknown origin, such as sarcoidosis. Inflammatory cells obtained from patients have several disadvantages for the in-vitro verification of pathogenetical concepts. Thus, in-vitro models are desirable. Employing cell lines we present models that are suited to study the angiotensin-converting enzyme release and the production of oxygen radicals by activated macrophages and their fusion to giant cells.
Isolation and Characterization of Urinary Extracellular Vesicles from Healthy Donors and Patients with Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer (2022)

Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most commonly diagnosed malignancy among men in developed countries. The five-year survival rate for men diagnosed with early-stage PCa is approximately 100%, while it is less than 30% for castration-resistant PCa (CRPC). Currently, the detection of prostate-specific antigens as biomarkers for the prognosis of CRPC is criticized because of its low accuracy, high invasiveness, and high false-positive rate. Therefore, it is important to identify new biomarkers for prediction of CRPC progression. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from tumors have been highlighted as potential markers for cancer diagnosis and prognosis. Specifically, urinary EVs directly reflect changes in the pathophysiological conditions of the urogenital system because it is exposed to prostatic secretions. Thus, detecting biomarkers in urinary EVs provides a promising approach for performing an accurate and non-invasive liquid biopsy for CPRC. In this study, we effectively isolated urinary EVs with low protein impurities using size-exclusion chromatography combined with ultrafiltration. After EV isolation and characterization, we evaluated the miRNAs in urinary EVs from healthy donors and patients with CRPC. The results indicated that miRNAs (miR-21-5p, miR-574-3p, and miR-6880-5p) could be used as potential biomarkers for the prognosis of CRPC. This analysis of urinary EVs contributes to the fast and convenient prognosis of diseases, including CRPC, in the clinical setting.
Anion effects on the cytotoxicity of ionic liquids (2006)

Most recent investigations concerning the toxicological and ecotoxicological risk potentials of ionic liquids are predominantly focusing on the cation moieties. In this study we elucidate, whether the anion species commonly used in ionic liquids are exhibiting intrinsic cytotoxic effects and if these effects can be rationalised by thinking in terms of structure–activity relationships (T-SAR). As test system to measure the cell viability as toxicologically relevant endpoint the IPC-81 rat leukemia cell line and the WST-1 assay were employed. Our results show an anion effect in ionic liquids on cytotoxicity for 10 of 27 tested anions. For the remaining 17 anions from our test kit no significant effect was found. With respect to structure–activity relationships, lipophilicity and/or vulnerability to hydrolytic cleavage seem to be the key structural features leading to the observed anion cytotoxicity. We also conclude that the model of concentration addition may be useful to estimate the EC50 values of ionic liquids that have not been tested or even synthesised yet. This can help to design not only task specific but also inherently safer ionic liquids.
Truncated SSX Protein Suppresses Synovial Sarcoma Cell Proliferation by Inhibiting the Localization of SS18-SSX Fusion Protein (2013)

Synovial sarcoma is a relatively rare high-grade soft tissue sarcoma that often develops in the limbs of young people and induces the lung and the lymph node metastasis resulting in poor prognosis. In patients with synovial sarcoma, specific chromosomal translocation of t(X; 18) (p11.2;q11.2) is observed, and SS18-SSX fusion protein expressed by this translocation is reported to be associated with pathogenesis. However, role of the fusion protein in the pathogenesis of synovial sarcoma has not yet been completely clarified. In this study, we focused on the localization patterns of SS18-SSX fusion protein. We constructed expression plasmids coding for the full length SS18-SSX, the truncated SS18 moiety (tSS18) and the truncated SSX moiety (tSSX) of SS18-SSX, tagged with fluorescent proteins. These plasmids were transfected in synovial sarcoma SYO-1 cells and we observed the expression of these proteins using a fluorescence microscope. The SS18-SSX fusion protein showed a characteristic speckle pattern in the nucleus. However, when SS18-SSX was co-expressed with tSSX, localization of SS18-SSX changed from speckle patterns to the diffused pattern similar to the localization pattern of tSSX and SSX. Furthermore, cell proliferation and colony formation of synovial sarcoma SYO-1 and YaFuSS cells were suppressed by exogenous tSSX expression. Our results suggest that the characteristic speckle localization pattern of SS18-SSX is strongly involved in the tumorigenesis through the SSX moiety of the SS18-SSX fusion protein. These findings could be applied to further understand the pathogenic mechanisms, and towards the development of molecular targeting approach for synovial sarcoma.
ChemInform Abstract: HALOGENAUSTAUSCH IN RK. VON BORHALOGENIDEN MIT O‐(TRIFLUORMETHYL)‐PHENYLTRIMETHYL‐DERIVATEN VON SLICIUM UND ZINN (1971)

Abstract Die Reaktion des Stannans (III) mit B‐trifluorid in Tetrachlorkohlenstoff liefert das Organoborfluorid (IV), das durch Behandeln mit wäßrigem KF in das Salz (V) umgewandelt werden kann.
Solubility of carbon monoxide in aqueous mixtures of methanol, acetic acid, ethanol and propionic acid (1985)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSolubility of carbon monoxide in aqueous mixtures of methanol, acetic acid, ethanol and propionic acidSubodh B. Dake and Raghunath V. ChaudhariCite this: J. Chem. Eng. Data 1985, 30, 4, 400–403Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1985Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1985https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/je00042a010https://doi.org/10.1021/je00042a010research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1030Altmetric-Citations35LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
TYPE I GAUCHER DISEASE IN CHILDREN WITH AND WITHOUT ENZYME THERAPY (2002)

This retrospective study describes the course of 56 children with non-neuronopathic Gaucher disease who presented at <16 years and were followed at 6- to 12-month intervals for 3-9 years. Massive splenomegaly and height retardation marked those who required treatment. Enzyme replacement significantly increased hemoglobin levels; platelet counts were divergent at presentation and follow-up, regardless of therapy. Among treated patients there was a significant reduction in liver and spleen index volumes, and a significant increase in height z-scores. None of the children required splenectomy or developed lung involvement. Many patients diagnosed due to large-scale screening were very mildly affected and remain untreated.
Study on Model Evolution Method Based on the Hybrid Modeling Technology With Support Vector Machine for an SOFC-GT System (2022)

Abstract The mechanism models of solid oxide fuel cell–gas turbine (SOFC-GT) systems are very useful to analyze the thermodynamic performance details, including the internal complex transfers of mass, heat, and electrochemical processes. However, several physical-property parameters in the mechanism model are unmeasurable and difficult to accurately quantify from the operation data when the inevitable degradation occurs. As a result, it is difficult for the mechanism model to accurately capture the SOFC electrochemical characteristic during the full operating cycle. In this paper, a model evolution method based on hybrid modeling technology is proposed to address this problem. A hybrid modeling framework of a SOFC-GT system is designed by combining a least squares-support vector machine algorithm (LS-SVM) electrochemical model with our previous mechanism model. The electrochemical characteristic of SOFC is easily identified and evolved by re-training the LS-SVM model from operating data, no longer needing a mechanism electrochemical model. The validated full-mechanism model from our previous work is taken to simulate a physical SOFC-GT system to generate the operating data. Various LS-SVM models are trained by different data sets. The comparison results demonstrate that the LS-SVM model trained by large-size data set 3 performs the highest accuracy in predicting the local current density. The maximum absolute error of prediction is only about 1.379 A/m2, and the prediction mean square error of the normalized test data reaches 4.36 × 10−9. Then, the LS-SVM hybrid model is applied to evaluate the thermodynamic performance of a SOFC-GT system. The comparison results between the hybrid model and our previous full-mechanism model show that the hybrid model can accurately predict the SOFC-GT system performance. The maximum error is 1.97% at the design condition and 0.60% at off-design conditions. Therefore, the LS-SVM hybrid model is significant for accurately identifying the real electrochemical characteristic from operation data for a physical SOFC-GT system during the full operation cycle.
Ant Nests for Observation and Study1 (1973)

Many laboratory nests have been designed for ants. Those containing soil have the disadvantage of limiting the observation of many of the activities of the ants. Those made of plaster of paris and glass require frequent attention to assure adequate water, and some ants will chew plaster of paris.
Atomic Layer Deposition of Platinum Oxide and Metallic Platinum Thin Films from Pt(acac)2 and Ozone (2008)

Platinum oxide and platinum thin films have been grown by atomic layer deposition (ALD) using Pt(acac)2 (acac = acetylacetonato) and ozone as precursors. Amorphous platinum oxide thin films were deposited at 120 and 130 °C while metallic platinum films were obtained at 140 °C and above. The sublimation temperature of Pt(acac)2 set the low temperature limit for oxide film deposition. The platinum oxide films were successfully deposited on Al2O3 and TiO2 adhesion layers, soda lime glass, and silicon substrate with native oxide on top. Platinum films were grown on Al2O3 adhesion layer. The platinum oxide had good adhesion to all tested surfaces, whereas metallic platinum films did not pass the common tape test. Resistivities of 50−60 nm thick platinum oxide films were between 1.5 and 5 Ω cm at 130 °C and could be varied with both precursor pulse lengths. The resistivity of about 110 nm thick metallic film deposited at 140 °C was about 11 μΩ cm. The platinum films deposited at higher temperatures suffered from deterioration of thickness uniformity. The platinum oxide films can be reduced in 5% H2 gas under reduced pressure at room temperature to porous platinum structures.
Space optics; Proceedings of the Seminar, Huntsville, Ala., May 22-24, 1979 (1979)

The seminar focused on infrared systems, the space telescope, new design for space astronomy, future earth resources systems, and planetary systems. Papers were presented on infrared astronomy satellite, infrared telescope on Spacelab 2, design alternatives for the Shuttle Infrared Telescope Facility, Spacelab 2 infrared telescope cryogenic system, geometrical theory of diffraction and telescope stray-light analysis, Space Telescope scientific instruments, faint-object spectrograph for the Space Telescope, light scattering from multilayer optics, bidirectional reflectance distribution function measurements of stray light suppression coatings for the Space Telescope, optical fabrication of a 60-in. mirror, interferogram analysis for space optics, nuclear-pumped lasers for space application, geophysical fluid flow experiment, coherent rays for optical astronomy in space, optical system with fiber-optical elements, and Pioneer-Venus solar flux radiometer.
Extracting optical properties from diffuse optical spectroscopy (2009)

Diffuse reflectance spectroscopy is one of the different optical techniques that are used to extract optical properties of tissues such as the scattering and the absorption coefficients. These properties can in turn be linked to physiological parameters. Therefore optical probes are of interest to extract physiological parameters from tissue that derive from diffuse reflectance spectroscopy. Investigating to which extend theses models are valid is of importance in order to assess the reliability of the estimated parameters. We present different models that are used to extract optical parameters from spatially resolved diffuse reflectance measurement.
Evaluation of safety and immunogenicity of duck-plague virus gC/gE double gene deletion (2022)

Duck plague caused by duck plague virus (DPV) is a highly contagious disease that can cause serious morbidity and death in waterfowl such as ducks and geese, and bring huge economic losses to the duck industry. In this study, on the basis of the duck plague virus gC gene deletion strain CHv-ΔgC, based on the duck plague virus bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) platform in our laboratory, the gE gene was knocked out using the traceless deletion technology to obtain gC/gE double gene deletion candidate vaccine strain CHv-ΔgC/gE. The double gene deletion strain (CHv-ΔgC/gE) constructed in this study has greatly weakened virulence, no pathogenicity to ducks, and stable genetic characteristics <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i>. Ducks immunized with CHv-ΔgC/gE can produce neutralizing antibodies and ELISA antibody levels comparable to those of commercial duck plague attenuated vaccine immunization, and can resist 100 LD<sub>50</sub> CHv challenge of ducks, with good immune protection effect. It has the potential to be further developed into duck plague gC/gE double gene deletion, marked attenuated vaccine.
Zolpidem Extended-Release Improves Sleep and Next-Day Symptoms in Comorbid Insomnia and Generalized Anxiety Disorder (2009)

A multicenter, double-blind, parallel-group study was designed to assess the efficacy and safety of zolpidem extended-release coadministered with escitalopram in patients with insomnia and comorbid generalized anxiety disorder. Patients (N = 383) received open-label escitalopram 10 mg/d and were randomized to either adjunct zolpidem extended-release 12.5 mg or placebo. The primary efficacy measure was change from baseline to week 8 in subjective total sleep time. Secondary efficacy measures included subjective sleep onset latency, number of awakenings, wake time after sleep onset, sleep quality, the Hamilton Rating Scale for Anxiety, the Beck Anxiety Inventory, the Sleep Impact Scale, the Massachusetts General Hospital Cognitive and Physical Functioning Questionnaire, and the Sheehan Disability Scale. The last-observation-carried-forward method was used to impute missing values for most efficacy measures. Safety was monitored at each visit. At week 8 and all time points, there was a significant improvement in the zolpidem extended-release/escitalopram group compared with placebo/escitalopram for total sleep time (P < 0.0001). Most of the secondary efficacy measures also significantly favored zolpidem at most visits (P < 0.0001). The most common treatment-emergent adverse events in both groups were nausea, dizziness, headache, fatigue, and dry mouth. Concurrent zolpidem extended-release/escitalopram, compared with placebo/escitalopram, significantly improved insomnia and sleep-related next-day symptoms, but not anxiety symptoms, in patients with comorbid insomnia and generalized anxiety disorder.
Nouvelles applications des paramètres continus à la théorie des formes quadratiques. Deuxième mémoire. Recherches sur les parallélloèdres primitifs. (1908)

Article Nouvelles applications des paramètres continus à la théorie des formes quadratiques. Deuxième mémoire. Recherches sur les parallélloèdres primitifs. was published on July 1, 1908 in the journal Journal für die reine und angewandte Mathematik (volume 1908, issue 134).
A closed‐form analytical solution for thermal single‐well injection‐withdrawal tests (2012)

Thermal single‐well injection‐withdrawal (SWIW) tests entail pumping cold water into a hot and usually fractured reservoir, and monitoring the temperature recovery during subsequent backflow. Such tests have been proposed as a potential means to characterize properties of enhanced geothermal systems (EGS), such as fracture spacing, connectivity, and porosity. In this paper we develop an analytical solution for thermal SWIW tests, using an idealized model of a single vertical fracture with linear flow geometry embedded in impermeable conductive wall rocks. The analytical solution shows that the time dependence of temperature recovery is dominated by the heat exchange between fracture and matrix rock, but strong thermal diffusivities of rocks as compared to typical solute diffusivities are not necessarily advantageous for characterizing fracture‐matrix interactions. The effect of fracture aperture on temperature recovery during backflow is weak, particularly when the fracture aperture is smaller than 0.1 cm. The solution also shows that temperature recovery during backflow is independent of the applied injection and backflow rates. This surprising result implies that temperature recovery is independent of the height of the fracture, or the specific fracture‐matrix interface areas per unit fracture length, suggesting that thermal SWIW tests will not be able to characterize fracture growth that may be achieved by stimulation treatments.
DFT Study on Chemical N2 Fixation by Using a Cubane-Type RuIr3S4 Cluster: Energy Profile for Binding and Reduction of N2 to Ammonia via Ru−N−NHx (x = 1−3) Intermediates with Unique Structures (2008)

The N-N bond activation of the dinitrogen ligand in the cubane-type mixed-metal sulfido cluster, [(Cp*Ir) 3{Ru(tmeda)(N 2)}(mu 3-S) 4] (tmeda = Me 2NCH 2CH 2NMe 2), is investigated by using DFT calculations at the B3LYP level of theory. The elongated N-N bond distance, red-shifted N-N stretching, and negatively charged N 2 ligand indicate that the dinitrogen is reductively activated by complexation. The degree of the N-N bond activation is classified into the "moderately activated" category, [ Studt, F. ; Tuczek, F. J. Comput. Chem. 2006, 27, 1278 ] as in the Mo-triamidoamine complex that can catalyze N 2 reduction [ Yandulov, D. V. ; Schrock, R. R. Science 2003, 301, 76 ]. Availability of the RuIr 3S 4 cluster as a catalyst for N 2 reduction is discussed by optimizing possible intermediates in a catalytic cycle analogous to that proposed by Yandulov and Schrock. A calculated energy profile of the catalytic cycle demonstrates that the RuIr 3S 4 cluster can transform dinitrogen into ammonia in the presence of lutidinium cation and Cp* 2Co as proton and electron sources, respectively. The RuIr 3S 4 clusters with an NNH x ( x = 1-3) ligand, which are intermediates in the catalytic cycle, have a significantly bent Ru-N-N linkage, although precedent NNH x complexes generally adopt a linear M-N-N array. The unique structures of the nitrogenous ligands in these intermediates are interpreted in terms of the bonding interaction between the hydrogen atom bonded to the N 2 ligand and the adjacent iridium atom in the cuboidal RuIr 3S 4 framework.