gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Micro linear motor using surface acoustic wave device (2002)

We have proposed to utilize surface acoustic wave (SAW) devices for micro actuators and demonstrated their possibility. A multi contact type slider using a silicon element whose contact surface is surface micro machined have been proposed. Diameter and density of projections fabricated on silicon sliders were examined experimentally. Then, the elastic deformation due to pre-load was estimated with the FEM analysis. The importance of elastic deformation control to obtain large output force with a surface acoustic wave motor has been discussed. By adding pre-load to the slider, stator and slider surfaces are deformed a few tens of nanometers. Appropriate deformation in normal direction against normal vibration displacement amplitude of surface acoustic wave existed. By moderate deformation, the output force of the surface acoustic wave motor was enlarged up to about 10 N and no-load speed was 0.7 m/sec. By energy circulation drive, the efficiency was improved. Nanometer order stepping motion of this motor is also investigated. Stable 2 nm motion is already accomplished. Sub nano step motion will be available.
Putting More Conversation into the Conversation Class (1973)

There is perhaps an element of the performer in most teachers and the tendency for them to dominate class time. This is especially true of FL conversation classes where too often the situation is a dialogue between the teachers and students. In the typical exercise, the teacher poses questions to his students, and they in turn respond. The teacher uses close to 50% of the total time, and the remaining half is divided among the students. The result is that individual students receive very little time for participating in oral responses.
Estimation of GDP Using Deep Learning With NPP-VIIRS Imagery and Land Cover Data at the County Level in CONUS (2020)

Accurate estimation of gross domestic product (GDP) at small geographies is of great significance to evaluate the distribution and dynamics of socio-economic development. Nighttime light (NTL) data is becoming increasingly important in socio-economic data estimation. However, previous research has found that using NTL alone is insufficient to accurately measure the GDP at small geographies, and the contribution of NTL for time-series GDP estimation is unreliable. This article proposed a deep learning method for the Contiguous United States (CONUS) time-series (2012-2015) GDP estimation at county level. The model is developed by combining the NTL data from the visible infrared imaging radiometer suite day/night band and the MODIS land cover data. The proposed method can improve the existing methods mainly in two ways. First, by taking advantage of the great computing power of the Google Earth Engine, a histogram-based feature regulation method was employed, which not only keeps more information over regions but also provides dimension-reduced tensors from mass remote sensing data. Second, a multi-inputs convolutional neural network-based model was proposed instead of the traditional linear regression model for multisource feature exploration and learning. The proposed method was evaluated by leave-one-year-out cross-validation with the time-series (2012-2015) data. The results show that the R <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> between the actual and estimated GDP are 0.81, 0.83, 0.83, and 0.83 for years from 2012 to 2015, indicating a good predictive power of the proposed model. Given that the data employed are globally and publicly available, the proposed method would also be applicable in other countries or regions where socio-economic survey data is hard to obtain.
Visual servoing and CAD-driven microassembly (1998)

The authors describe current research and development on a robotic visual servoing system for assembly of LIGA (lithography galvonoforming abforming) parts. The workcell consists of an AMTI robot, precision stage, long working distance microscope, and LIGA fabricated tweezers for picking up the parts. Fourier optics methods are used to generate synthetic microscope images from CAD drawings. These synthetic images are used off-line to test image processing routines under varying magnifications and depths of field. They also provide reference image features which are used to visually servo the part to the desired position. Currently, we can visually servo a 100 micron outside diameter LIGA gear to a desired x,y reference position as determined from a synthetic image of the gear.
On the Importance of Organic Oxygen for Understanding Organic Aerosol Particles - eScholarship (2005)

LBNL-57273 On The Importance of Organic Oxygen for Understanding Organic Aerosol Particles Y. Pang, 1 B.J. Turpin, 2 and L.A. Gundel 1 Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Environmental Energy Technologies Division Indoor Environment Department University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720 Department of Environmental Sciences Rutgers University New Jersey March 2005 This work has been supported in part by Small Business Technology Transfer Research Phase 1, Award DE-FG02-03ER86168 to Sunset Laboratory, through the US Department of Energy Contract DE-AC03- 76SF00098.
Reducing Student Attrition: A Practical Approach (1984)

Many allied health programs face the problems of declining enrollments and increasing attrition. The increased attrition rate may be attributed to many and varied reasons. To ensure that the demands of the health care industry are met, allied health programs must find mechanisms for retaining students in their academic programs. This paper describes a preprofessional workshop that was developed to increase the likelihood of success for academically high-risk students in the professional curriculum.
Calibration of spherical reference surfaces for Fizeau interferometry: a comparative study of methods (2010)

We present an experimental study of three calibration methods for spherical reference surfaces in Fizeau interferometry. The ball average, which relies on averaging measurements of a test ball surface over sufficiently many random rotations of the ball, is theoretically an absolute technique but can be very laborious. On the other hand, a recently introduced double-pass technique, comparing the two halves of the reference surface, is able to determine the point-symmetric contribution in as few as three measurements but does not detect the point-antisymmetric portion. Finally, the point-symmetric errors of the reference surface can be captured in a single, so-called &#x201C;cat&#x2019;s-eye&#x201D; measurement. Our study tries to answer the question of which of the techniques is preferable in practice. We find that the answer depends on the required uncertainty, and it appears that the new double-pass technique represents a practical and reasonable trade-off between expediency and accuracy.
Highly Sensitive Detection of Carbendazim by Using Terahertz Time-Domain Spectroscopy Combined With Metamaterial (2018)

The rapid and sensitive detection of pesticide residue is essential for ensuring the food safety of consumers. However, there are many disadvantages for current approaches to detect pesticide residue, such as complex pre-treatment and low sensitivity. In this paper, we demonstrate a highly sensitive carbendazim detection method by using terahertz time-domain spectroscopy (THz-TDS) combined with metamaterial. The metamaterial composed of metal ohm ring arrays, is applied in detecting different concentrations of carbendazim. Resonant peaks of metamaterial move to a lower frequency as the concentration increases. The results illustrate that metamaterial can detect trace amounts of carbendazim, as small as 5 mg/L, which is about <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$10^4$</tex-math> </inline-formula> times enhancement compared to the squash method for THz-TDS detection. It also means that metamaterial combined with THz-TDS is a potential new approach for food quality and safety control.
DEVELOPMENT OF CLEARING TECHNIQUE OF METALLURGICAL SILICON TO SOLAR GRADE SILICON (2015)

Experimental results demonstrating the possibility of obtaining solar grade silicon by recrystallization of metallurgical silicon in fusible metals, e.g. tin, and pulling of single crystal silicon ingot obtained from silicon scales by the Czochralski method have been presented. Experiments for the purification of a fusible metal (tin) after the end of a cycle of silicon scales obtaining for the purpose of its reuse have been carried out. We purified tin by vacuum decontamination of tin melt, its filtration and finally zone recrystallization. Qualitative and quantitative analysis of the initial materials (silicon and tin) and their structure after sequential stages of the technological process has been carried out by X−ray fluorescent analysis on an Elvax light device. The structural features of the silicon scales have been examined using scanning electron microscopy on a REMMA106I device. The conductivity type and the electrical resistivity of the obtained single crystal silicon ingot have been measured using the four−probe method on a PIUS−1UM−K device. We show that the composition of the pulled single crystal ingot is not worse than 99.999 wt.% Si, it has the n type of conductivity and its electrical resistivity is not less than 2.0 О hm• с m. These parameters meet the requirements to solar grade silicon and confirm the possibility of its obtaining from metallurgical silicon by recrystallization in fusible metals, e.g. tin.
Antiferromagnetic patches and hidden order inURu2Si2by impurity doping (2010)

We report the use of impurities to probe the hidden order parameter of the strongly correlated metal ${\text{URu}}_{2}{\text{Si}}_{2}$ below the transition temperature ${T}_{0}\ensuremath{\sim}17.5\text{ }\text{K}$. The nature of this order parameter has eluded researchers for more than two decades but is accompanied by the development of a partial gap in the single-particle density of states that can be detected through measurements of the electronic specific heat and nuclear-spin-lattice relaxation rate. We find that impurities in the hidden order phase give rise to local patches of antiferromagnetism. An analysis of the coupling between the antiferromagnetism and the hidden order reveals that the former is not a competing order parameter but rather a parasitic effect of the latter.
Molecular Composites from Rigid-Rod Poly(p-phenylene)s with Oligo(oxyethylene) Side Chains as Novel Polymer Electrolytes (1997)

The preparation of new poly(p-phenylene)s with oligo(oxyethylene) side chains is reported. The solid state structure of the polymers as well as that of their mixtures with either lithium triflate or lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfone)imide is described as a molecular composite consisting of rigid main chains embedded in a matrix of side-chain segments or side-chain/salt mixtures. DSC and temperature-dependent X-ray scattering prove that the side-chain matrix in the pure polymers and polymer/salt mixtures is completely amorphous. Room-temperature conductivities of more than 10-6 S/cm are obtained in some of these solid polymer electrolytes. Plasticization of the materials with oligo(ethyleneglycol)dimethylether (OEGDME) improves the conductivity up to 5·10-5 S/cm. The stiff polymer backbone induces a high mechanical plateau-modulus in the temperature range between 0 and 90 °C, which is of considerable importance for potential applications of these molecular composites as separators in rechargeable solid state lithium cells.
On the perceptual limits of octave harmony and their origin (1991)

Three subjects were monaurally presented with dyads of simultaneous, frequency modulated, sine tones approximately 1 oct apart. The tones, with carrier frequencies FL and FH, were presented in a background of pink noise and at a low sensation level, so that they were completely resolvable by the subjects’ peripheral auditory filters. In two experiments, subjects had to judge on each trial which of two dyads was inharmonic (FH≠2FL); the relative mistuning of the inharmonic dyad [(FH−2FL)/2FL] was varied independently of FL and could be either positive or negative; FL was fixed within trials in one experiment, and varied within trials (from about 8%–20%) in the other experiment. In both experiments, performance monotonically worsened as FL increased from 300–2000 Hz; in addition, negative mistunings were more often identified as inharmonicities than positive mistunings. In another experiment, a 4I-2AFC procedure was used to assess the detectability of changes in FH, irrespective of their effect on the perception of harmonicity. Compared to the other two experiments, performance was not the same function of FL, and was much better at high FL. Thus it is concluded that the detection of inharmonicity was limited by factors other than those responsible for fine pitch discriminations. Our results also have implications with respect to the origin of human listeners’ melodic octave templates.
Temperature-Induced Near-Field Transducer Failure in Heat-Assisted Magnetic Recording (2020)

We have studied the reliability of a near-field transducer (NFT) embedded in a magnetic recording slider used for heat-assisted magnetic recording (HAMR) in hard disk drives with a linear velocity of 20 m/s. The NFT head structure and the disk are separated by an air film of 2 nm thickness. In this article, the magnetic write width and amplitude of the written magnetic signal on the disk are used as a “health monitor” for the reliability of the NFT under long-term thermal exposure. The results show that the reliability of the NFT head structure sharply decreases with increasing temperature of the NFT but depends only slightly on the media temperature.
CubeSat 3U-payload for in-situ resource utilisation demonstration at C-type near Earth asteroids (2018)

payloads capable of performing cost effective early stage in situ demonstrations of key steps for various types of ISRU. Such demonstrations would be proof-of-concept and de-risking exercises that would enable future pilot scale and eventually full-scaled implementations.This presentation will focus on a systems design for a 3U payload to demonstration at a C-type NEA the low temperature extraction of water and the subsequent electrolysis of this to dioxygen and dihydrogen. The system has the following features: sample acquisition via counter rotating brushes, extraction of volatile components via ovens with electrical resistive heating, trapping of condensable volatiles – primarily water, electrolysis of the trapped water into dioxygen and dihydrogen gas, and analysis of volatiles at various stages of the process with a miniaturised ion-trap mass-spectrometer. The baseline design allows for the collection and processing of 4 discrete samples using a carousel with 4 single use ovens. Each oven has a nominal internal volume of 7m3. Additionally the input assumptions concerning regolith properties, modelling studies and the development and implementation of a number of laboratory breadboards of various sub-systems will be presented.The design is intend to be compatible with use as part of a free-flying interplanetary 6U CubeSat, a 6U CubeSat hosted by and released by a larger parent spacecraft local to a NEA, or permanently hosted on a larger NEA surface rendezvous spacecraft.
Spectroscopic evidence of flat bands in breathing kagome semiconductor Nb3I8 (2022)

Abstract Kagome materials have become solid grounds to study the interplay among geometry, topology, correlation, and magnetism. Recently, niobium halide semiconductors Nb 3 X 8 ( X = Cl, Br, I) have been predicted to be two-dimensional magnets and these materials are also interesting for their breathing kagome geometry. However, experimental electronic structure studies of these promising materials are still lacking. Here, we report the spectroscopic evidence of flat and weakly dispersing bands in breathing-kagome semiconductor Nb 3 I 8 around 500 meV binding energy, which is well supported by our first-principles calculations. These bands originate from the breathing kagome lattice of niobium atoms and have niobium d -orbital character. They are found to be sensitive to the polarization of the incident photon beam. Our study provides insight into the electronic structure and flat band topology in an exfoliable kagome semiconductor, thereby providing an important platform to understand the interaction of geometry and electron correlations in two-dimensional materials.
The nested chinese restaurant process and bayesian nonparametric inference of topic hierarchies (2010)

We present the nested Chinese restaurant process (nCRP), a stochastic process that assigns probability distributions to ensembles of infinitely deep, infinitely branching trees. We show how this stochastic process can be used as a prior distribution in a Bayesian nonparametric model of document collections. Specifically, we present an application to information retrieval in which documents are modeled as paths down a random tree, and the preferential attachment dynamics of the nCRP leads to clustering of documents according to sharing of topics at multiple levels of abstraction. Given a corpus of documents, a posterior inference algorithm finds an approximation to a posterior distribution over trees, topics and allocations of words to levels of the tree. We demonstrate this algorithm on collections of scientific abstracts from several journals. This model exemplifies a recent trend in statistical machine learning—the use of Bayesian nonparametric methods to infer distributions on flexible data structures.
A Study of Customer Education Materials for the Cadillac Night Vision System (2004)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;One of the noteworthy aspects of the introduction of the Night Vision System on the 2000 Cadillac DeVille was the use of multimedia (i.e., written and video) customer education materials. These materials were designed to allow drivers to properly understand the strengths and limitations of the feature, and allow them to take full advantage of the potential benefits of Night Vision technology. These materials were developed utilizing existing technical knowledge and important information gained from a focused study on user comprehension of customer education materials. The study was conducted to support and help ensure the successful introduction of the Night Vision feature. As of preparation of this paper, the Cadillac DeVille continues to include a Video Owner's Guide addressing Night Vision as part of the vehicle content.&lt;/div&gt;
A Quantitative Approach to Detect and Overcome PCR Inhibition in Ancient DNA Extracts (2009)

Inhibition is problematic in many applications of PCR, particularly those involving degraded or low amounts of template DNA, when simply diluting the extract is undesirable. Two basic approaches to monitoring inhibition in such samples using real-time or quantitative PCR (qPCR) have been proposed. The first method analyzes the quantification cycle (Cq) deviation of a spiked internal positive control. The second method considers variations in reaction efficiency based on the slopes of individual amplification plots. In combining these methods, we observed increased Cq values together with reduced amplification efficiencies in some samples, as expected; however, deviations from this pattern in other samples support the use of both measurements. Repeat inhibition testing enables optimization of PCR facilitator combinations and sample dilution such that DNA yields and/or quantitative accuracy can be maximized in subsequent PCR runs. Although some trends were apparent within sample types, differences in inhibition levels, optimal reactions conditions, and expected recovery of DNA under these conditions suggest that all samples be routinely tested with this approach.
Unveiling transthyretin cardiac amyloidosis and its predictors among elderly patients with severe aortic stenosis undergoing transcatheter aortic valve replacement (2017)

Transthyretin cardiac amyloidosis is prevalent in 16% of patients with severe calcific AS undergoing TAVR and is associated with a severe AS phenotype of low-flow low-gradient with mildly reduced ejection fraction. Average tissue Doppler mitral annular S' of < 6 cm/s may be a sensitive measure that should prompt a confirmatory 99mTc-PYP scan and subsequent testing for ATTR-CA. Prospective assessment of outcomes after TAVR is needed in patients with and without ATTR-CA.
Palladium-catalyzed Intermolecular Alkoxy-alkoxycarbonylation of Vinylphenols in the Presence of Copper Salt: Unexpected Cooperative Effect of Tin Salt (2016)

Palladium-catalyzed intermolecular alkoxy-alkoxycarbonylation of vinylphenols under normal pressure of CO and O2 in alcohol was developed to afford the corresponding 3-alkoxy-3-arylpropanoates in good to high yields. Not only primary alcohols but also secondary alcohols were applicable to the present reaction. The presence of a tin salt was crucial to realize reproducibly high yields. Palladium-catalyzed intermolecular alkoxy-alkoxycarbonylation of vinylphenols under normal pressure of CO and O2 in alcohol was developed to afford the corresponding 3-alkoxy-3-arylpropanoates in good to high yields. Not only primary alcohols but also secondary alcohols were applicable to the present reaction. The presence of tin salt was crucial to realize reproducibly high yields.
Evaluation of the in-vivo efficacy of Sch 34343 (1985)

Sch 34343 showed a linear dose response (with respect to AUCs) in mice following both intravenous and subcutaneous administration. It was 100% bioavailable following subcutaneous administration. Peak serum levels, AUCs, beta-phase half-life and recovery of Sch 34343 from the urine of mice indicated that it was similar to cephalothin and cefamandole. In experimental mouse infections, against Gram-negative strains, Sch 34343 was more active than cephalothin, equal to or more active than cefamandole and cefoxitin, but less active than latamoxef (moxalactam) and cefotaxime following single or multiple dose therapy. It was the most active compound against Staphylococcus. Sch 34343 was equally active against strains sensitive to beta-lactams and strains producing beta-lactamases. In an anaerobic abscess model in mice, Sch 34343 was more active than cefoxitin and clindamycin against Bacteroides fragilis. In Escherichia coli meningitis in rabbits, it cured rabbits with a single intravenous dose of 50 mg/kg.