gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Readout of digital SiPMs (2018)

This work describes a detector system using digital silicon photomultipliers in a hybrid approach. It allows for the individual readout of each pixel by utilizing an active quenching and recharging circuit. Each pixel electronic occupies the same area as the sensor pixel, limiting the space of the electronics to 50 × 50 μm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> . 16-by-16 pixels with wired-OR trigger network, 12-bit time-to-digital converter, validation logic, controller and serializer form a macro pixel. The first detector prototype consists of a sensor chip from MPG-HLL, Munich, and a readout ASIC, developed by DESY, Hamburg, with dimension of a macro pixel including peripheral electronics and test circuits. The ASIC is designed and fabricated in GF's 130-nm CMOS process and has a size of 1.9 × 2.1 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> . First measurements of the prototype were performed at room temperature. Dark events could be detected, counted and the corresponding time stamps could be read out. Dark-count rate as function of the bias voltage, TDC characteristics, data transmission limits, power consumption and space requirements are presented.
<title>Enhancing functionality and autonomy in man-portable robots</title> (2004)

Current man-portable robotic systems are too heavy for troops to pack during extended missions in rugged terrain and typically require more user support than can be justified by their limited return in force multiplication or improved effectiveness. As a consequence, today’s systems appear organically attractive only in life-threatening scenarios, such as detection of chemical/biological/radiation hazards, mines, or improvised explosive devices. For the long term, significant improvements in both functionality (i.e., perform more useful tasks) and autonomy (i.e., with less human intervention) are required to increase the level of general acceptance and, hence, the number of units deployed by the user. In the near term, however, the focus must remain on robust and reliable solutions that reduce risk and save lives. This paper describes ongoing efforts to address these needs through a spiral development process that capitalizes on technology transfer to harvest applicable results of prior and ongoing activities throughout the technical community.
Effect of Substance P on Detrusor Muscle in Rats with Diabetic Cystopathy (1992)

Diabetic cystopathy (DCP) is a well known complication in diabetes mellitus (DM). In the present experimental study, DM was induced in rats by streptozotocin and DCP was confirmed on cystometry. In vitro studies on detrusor strips from diabetic rats showed an increased contractile response to substance P (SP) compared with controls, indicating denervation supersensitivity. A decreased response to capsaicin in diabetic detrusor strips indicated a decreased neuronal content of SP or a diminished number of SP-containing sensory nerves. This suggests that DM induces alterations in nerves containing SP which may be at least partly responsible for sensory loss and the development of DCP.
Biologic Fixation of a Press-Fit Titanium Hip Joint Endoprosthesis (1988)

The rectangular cross section of a straight-stem prosthesis makes a primary stable, rotation-safe fixation possible that is independent of the individual form of the femur. Due to the curvature of the femur, a three-dimensional large-area anchorage is achieved along the entire prosthesis length in the corticalis as well as in the spongiosa. The titanium-aluminum-niobium alloy is extremely biocompatible and enables the fast ongrowth of newly formed osseous tissue to act as secondary stabilization. Pathohistologic examinations on the prostheses of deceased patients show that this osseointegration leads to a complete osseous ingrowth of the implant. The average surface roughness of 3-5 microns, with which the entire prosthesis length is structured, supports this osseointegration. This microroughness is, therefore, totally sufficient for the primary and secondary stabilization of the implant. The osseous fixation of the prosthesis over the entire stem length guarantees a physiologic and functional load transmission to the surrounding femoral bone, thus avoiding stress shielding. The combination of a ceramic ball head with a polyethylene cup results in less wear than is the case with the customary metal-polyethylene combination and, thus, prolongs the life span of artificial hip joints. Good results in the future can only be expected in osseointegrated implants with minimal wear of the synthetic material.
Experimental bilateral lobar lung transplantation and its application in humans (1997)

Lung partition and subsequent lobar transplantation, either unilaterally or bilaterally, is associated with satisfactory early results in an animal experimental model. Initial clinical experience in one patient has been successful.
Pulsed ultrasound propagation through polydisperse contrast agent suspensions (2021)

Gas microbubbles stabilised by a surfactant or polymer coating are widely used in echocardiography and, increasingly, for quantitative studies of tissue perfusion. It is their highly nonlinear response to ultrasound excitation that makes them such effective contrast agents. It is this property also, however, that leads to image artefacts and difficulties in obtaining accurate quantitative information. There are few theoretical models describing the response of a contrast agent population that take into account both nonlinear behaviour and multiple bubble interactions. Computational complexity arises when the medium contains a polydisperse bubble population because a nonlinear ordinary differential equation (ODE) governing the bubble response must be computed for the current radius of each bubble size R0 present at each spatial location at every time step, which unfortunately makes the numerical model impractical for real-time clinical use. Further complexity occurs when near-resonant microbubbles shed their lipid coating drastically transforming the suspension’s acoustic response to subsequent pulses. In this work, we investigate approximations that can significantly reduce the computational complexity and demonstrate that, under certain parameter regimes, these approximations can simulate the nonlinear propagation of a repeated ultrasound pulses through a polydisperse contrast agent suspension to reasonably high accuracy.
Safety of Implantation of a Leadless Pacemaker via Femoral Approach in the Presence of an Inferior Vena Cava Filter (2017)

A 61-year-old woman with symptomatic complete heart block was referred for permanent pacemaker. The presence of a left-sided arteriovenous fistula and right-sided mastectomy with lymph node dissection precluded the implantation of a transvenous pacemaker, and therefore, a leadless pacemaker was recommended. The patient also had an inferior vena cava (IVC) filter. The passage of a 27-French introducer sheath housing the leadless pacemaker through IVC filter was carefully visualized under fluoroscopy and advanced to the right ventricle without any compromise to the filter. This case report shows the safety of passage of large sheaths via the IVC filter.
D. レーザープロセシング (2000)

Miyazaki Univ).K.Kurosawa(IMS) 1. SiC PLD( )SiC 2. PLD SiC ArF KrF 6mJ/cm2 ,0.7mJ/cm2 45 -Sic 50mm Si (Ts) 400-900 210-5Torr 3. X Hg1X Tb=850 2=36(111)-SiC Tb=800 Ts=700 FT-IR Ts=700-800 SiC Ts850
Remote Functionalization of α,β-Unsaturated Carbonyls by Multimetallic Sequential Catalysis (2019)

The remote functionalization of α,β-unsaturated carbonyls by an array of multimetallic sequential catalytic systems is described. The reactions are triggered by hydrometalation using [Pd-H] or [Ru-H] isomerization catalysts and driven by the formation of thermodynamically more stable 1,2-vinyl arenes. The Pd-catalyzed deconjugative isomerization was combined with a Cu-catalyzed β-borylation of the transiently generated styrenyl derivatives to deliver a range of products that would not be accessible with the use of a single catalyst. [Pd/Cu] catalytic systems were also identified for the highly enantioselective α-hydroboration and α-hydroamination of the styrenyl intermediates. Difunctionalization simultaneously at the benzylic and homobenzylic positions was achieved by combining the isomerization process with Sharpless asymmetric dihydroxylation (SAD) using [Pd/Os] or [Ru/Os] couples. Starting from a simple α,β-unsaturated ester, an isomerization/dihydroxylation/lactonization sequence gave access to a naturally occurring γ-butyrolactone in good yield, with excellent diastereo- and enantioselectivity.
Novel stable isotopic measurements for understanding atmospheric methane (2021)

&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;We demonstrate the possibilities for continuous high precision in situ measurements of &amp;amp;#948;&amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;13&amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt;C(CH&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;4&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;) and &amp;amp;#948;&amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;2&amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt;H(CH&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;4&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;) for understanding regional CH&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;4&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt; emissions and explain how advances in nascent measurement techniques looking at &amp;amp;#8216;clumped&amp;amp;#8217; CH&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;4&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt; might improve our understanding on the global scale.&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;&amp;amp;#8216;Boreas&amp;amp;#8217; is a new fully automated sample-preparation coupled dual laser spectrometer system developed at the National Physical Laboratory, able to make accurate and precise simultaneous measurements of &amp;amp;#948;&amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;13&amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt;C(CH&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;4&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;) and &amp;amp;#948;&amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;2&amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt;H(CH&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;4&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;) through the measurement of isotopologue ratios of CH&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;4&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;. Average daily repeatabilities of &amp;lt;0.08 &amp;amp;#8240; for &amp;amp;#948;&amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;13&amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt;C (n=10, 1 SD) &amp;amp;#160;and &amp;lt;1&amp;amp;#8240; &amp;amp;#948;&amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;2&amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt;H of a compressed &amp;amp;#8216;background&amp;amp;#8217; air sample (1.9 ppm dry air amount fraction CH&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;4&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;) are achieved, making the measurements comparable to bulk isotope ratio mass spectrometry. These measurements are interspersed with air sample measurements from the roof of our building in west London, and we show the possibility to differentiate potential sources of CH&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;4&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt; under different meteorological conditions.&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;We use a particle dispersion model (the Met Office&amp;amp;#8217;s NAME) and inverse method to predict the possible impact of the new continuous isotope ratios measurements on quantification of emissions from individual source sectors, should the technique be deployed to a tall tower network of monitoring sites in the UK.&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;Finally, our theoretical analysis is extended beyond the most abundant isotopologues of CH&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;4&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt; to look at how analysis of the clumped isotopes might be able to impact our understanding of interannual variability in the global CH&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;4&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt; burden. We incorporate measurements from emission sources and information on reaction rates into a global box model (with an inverse method) to show the added value of strategic &amp;amp;#8710;CH&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;2&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;D&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;2&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt; and &amp;amp;#8710;&amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;13&amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt;CH&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;3&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;D ambient air measurements relative to bulk isotope ratios alone.&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;
A Chromium Catalyst for the Polymerization of Ethylene as a Homogeneous Model for the Phillips Catalyst (2005)

A structurally characterized cationic chromium(III) alkyl featuring a bulky nacnac ligand catalyzes the polymerization of ethylene as well as the copolymerization of ethylene with alpha-olefins. This well-characterized homogeneous catalyst constitutes a structural as well as functional model of the widely used heterogeneous Phillips olefin polymerization catalyst.
Soluble receptor for advanced glycation end products protects from ischemia- and reperfusion-induced acute kidney injury (2021)

The full-length receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) is a multiligand pattern recognition receptor. High-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) is a RAGE ligand of damage-associated molecular patterns that elicits inflammatory reactions. The shedded isoform of RAGE and endogenous secretory RAGE (esRAGE), a splice variant, are soluble isoforms (sRAGE) that act as organ-protective decoys. However, the pathophysiologic roles of RAGE/sRAGE in acute kidney injury (AKI) remain unclear. We found that AKI was more severe, with enhanced renal tubular damage, macrophage infiltration, and fibrosis, in mice lacking both RAGE and sRAGE than in wild-type (WT) control mice. Using murine tubular epithelial cells (TECs), we demonstrated that hypoxia upregulated messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of HMGB1 and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), whereas RAGE and esRAGE expressions were paradoxically decreased. Moreover, the addition of recombinant sRAGE canceled hypoxia-induced inflammation and promoted cell viability in cultured TECs. sRAGE administration prevented renal tubular damage in models of ischemia/reperfusion-induced AKI and of anti-glomerular basement membrane (anti-GBM) glomerulonephritis. These results suggest that sRAGE is a novel therapeutic option for AKI.
X-Ray Diffraction of Asphaltenes (1986)

Abstract Fundamental principles of the X-ray diffraction of mesomorphic materials are discussed at length, especially for petroleum asphaltenes. Stepwise procedures for handling X-ray diffraction laboratory data are presented.
Raices populares y cultura de masas en la nueva narrativa hispanoamericana (2000)

Racines populaires et culture de masse dans la nouvelle fiction hispano-américaine. Après plusieurs décennies d'expérimentation, de ruptures, d'avant-gardisme, de développement de nouveaux styles et modes d'écriture, d'ambitieux romans « totalisants » et englobant tout, le récit de la fin du XXe siècle retrouve une fonction oubliée, celle de représentation du réel, il s'intéresse à la fonction sociale de la culture en incorporant la culture populaire, la culture de masse, à la création littéraire. D'une façon générale, le style apparaît plus « classique » et moins « baroque » plus attaché à la narrativité qu'à l'expérimentation formelle. Littérature humoristique (humour noir, parfois), ce « nouveau réalisme » pratique une désolemnisation par la parodie, moyen efficace de percevoir la réalité. Les mythes qui sont au centre de la culture populaire et de masse — série télévisée, cinéma, football, cyclisme, musique, etc. — et les héros qu'elle propose — idoles, acteurs, chanteurs et compositeurs — donnent sa matière à une fiction qui les consacre ou les dégrade, mettant en scène tour à tour les banlieues, les quartiers populaires des villes, les plages. Les principaux caractères de ce « nouveau réalisme »sont étudiés d'après les œuvres de ses auteurs les plus représentatifs dans la décennie 1990.
Nose Blowing Propels Nasal Fluid into the Paranasal Sinuses (2000)

Intranasal pressures were measured in adults during nose blowing, sneezing, and coughing and were used for fluid dynamic modeling. Sinus CT scans were performed after instillation of radiopaque contrast medium into the nasopharynx followed by nose blowing, sneezing, and coughing. The mean (SD) maximal intranasal pressure was 66 )41( mm Hg during 35 nose blows, 4.6 )8.3( mm Hg during 13 sneezes, and 6.6 )8.3( mm Hg during 18 coughing bouts. A single nose blow can propel up to 1 mL of viscous fluid in the middle meatus into the maxillary sinus. Sneezing and coughing do not generate sufficient pressure to propel viscous fluid into the sinus. Contrast medium from the nasopharynx appeared in 1 sinuses in 4 of 4 subjects after a nose blow but not after sneezing or coughing.
Stereoscopic augmented reality using ultrasound volume rendering for laparoscopic surgery in children (2014)

In laparoscopic surgery, live video provides visualization of the exposed organ surfaces in the surgical field, but is unable to show internal structures beneath those surfaces. The laparoscopic ultrasound is often used to visualize the internal structures, but its use is limited to intermittent confirmation because of the need for an extra hand to maneuver the ultrasound probe. Other limitations of using ultrasound are the difficulty of interpretation and the need for an extra port. The size of the ultrasound transducer may also be too large for its usage in small children. In this paper, we report on an augmented reality (AR) visualization system that features continuous hands-free volumetric ultrasound scanning of the surgical anatomy and video imaging from a stereoscopic laparoscope. The acquisition of volumetric ultrasound image is realized by precisely controlling a back-and-forth movement of an ultrasound transducer mounted on a linear slider. Furthermore, the ultrasound volume is refreshed several times per minute. This scanner will sit outside of the body in the envisioned use scenario and could be even integrated into the operating table. An overlay of the maximum intensity projection (MIP) of ultrasound volume on the laparoscopic stereo video through geometric transformations features an AR visualization system particularly suitable for children, because ultrasound is radiation-free and provides higher-quality images in small patients. The proposed AR representation promises to be better than the AR representation using ultrasound slice data.
Fiber-based Mach-Zehnder interferometric structures: principles and required characteristics for efficient modulation format conversion (2005)

Since new modulation schemes have become a great center of interest, Mach-Zehnder fiber fused interferometers (MZI) became necessary to ensure the direct detection (DD) from phase modulated signals, like DPSK (Differential Phase Shift Keying) or DQPSK. As these modulation schemes are very interesting in optical transmissions due to their capabilities, MZIs cannot be overlooked in the future optical links. In this paper, we review the base principles for using MZI as DPSK demodulators, and the major characteristics associated to these devices. In order to evaluate the minimal characteristics required for efficient modulation format conversion, we propose some numerical simulation results. Based on these results, we depicted a new fabrication process for the realization of MZIs by adiabatic stretching of one of the interferometer's arm. This is carried out by a CO2 laser, and the fabrication major points that must be respected are discussed. After review the MZI thermal dependency mechanism, the last part presents the experimental results obtained for the quantification of MZI temperature control accuracy needed for its utilization as an 43 Gbit/s PSBT (Phase Shaped Binary Transmission) encoder.
Multiprocessing architectures for local computer networks (1981)

This dissertation discusses the interconnection of computers with very high speed local networks in a manner that can support a large class of distributed programs--a class that includes programs requiring highly efficient interprocessor communication. This research is motivated by (1) prospects for local networks having a capacity of 100 megabits/second or higher; (2) continuing advances in semiconductor technology; (3) the increasing availability of inexpensive, low-latency, non-volatile storage; and (4) inadequacies in existing software technology that prevent these technological advances from being fully exploited.
In the early sections of this work, the primary thesis is developed; it explicitly presents the properties that we require of a local network-based multiprocessor. The analysis and validation of this thesis leads to four major contributions. The first is a comparison of very high speed ring and broadcast networks when they are used with short packets. As part of this comparison, a new analytic model is presented, whose solution yields delay/throughput data for token rings.
The second major contribution is a new communication model for local computer networks whereby processes execute generalized remote references that cause operations to be performed by remote processes. This remote reference/remote operation model provides a taxonomy of primitives that are naturally useful in many applications and can be specially implemented to provide for high efficiency. Example communication primitives and techniques for their implementation are provided to show the utility of the model.
Following these discussions, we present experience with the implementation of one class of remote references. These references take about 150 microseconds or 50 average macroinstruction times to perform on Xerox Alto computers connected by a 2.97 megabit Ethernet. This experiment demonstrates the power of special-casing communication primitives and helps to validate the remote reference/remote operation model.
Finally, various implementation techniques are presented that can be used for a real communication system based upon the model. We discuss such topics as the efficient transmission of large data blocks through the use of multiple small packets and the efficient implementation of stable storage.
Learning to control listening-oriented dialogue using partially observable markov decision processes (2013)

Our aim is to build listening agents that attentively listen to their users and satisfy their desire to speak and have themselves heard. This article investigates how to automatically create a dialogue control component of such a listening agent. We collected a large number of listening-oriented dialogues with their user satisfaction ratings and used them to create a dialogue control component that satisfies users by means of Partially Observable Markov Decision Processes (POMDPs). Using a hybrid dialog controller where high-level dialog acts are chosen with a statistical policy and low-level slot values are populated by a wizard, we evaluated our dialogue control method in a Wizard-of-Oz experiment. The experimental results show that our POMDP-based method achieves significantly higher user satisfaction than other stochastic models, confirming the validity of our approach. This article is the first to verify, by using human users, the usefulness of POMDP-based dialogue control for improving user satisfaction in nontask-oriented dialogue systems.