gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
CNT-reinforced ceramics and metals (2004)

Recent research on the incorporation of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) into ceramic and metal matrices to form composite structures is briefly reviewed, with an emphasis on processing methods, mechanical performance, and prospects for successful applications.
Experimental investigation of the water vapour concentration near phase boundaries with evaporation (2004)

We report on the development of a prototype diode laser absorption spectrometer suitable for measurements of water vapour concentration with high spatial and temporal resolution. The theoretical and experimental factors influencing the design of the instrument are discussed. A spatial resolution of 0.2 mm perpendicular to the line of sight suits the instrument particularly for measuring one-dimensional concentration profiles in the vicinity of planar liquid-vapour phase boundaries. As an example, the instrument was applied to the determination of the diffusive evaporation flux at a horizontal water-air interface. For mass transfer at a curved surface, as in a water droplet, the output of the spectrometer represents a convolution of the concentration distribution with the radiation intensity distribution integrated along the laser beam. The applicability of the spectrometer to droplet evaporation is demonstrated with humidity profiles measured near phase boundaries of acoustically levitated water droplets using an approximate mathematical approach to derive the parameters of the concentration field at the phase boundary. The rapid response of the instrument allows such measurements at approximately constant droplet radius. The measurements demonstrate the potential for detailed investigations of diffusion and evaporation phenomena.
Levobunolol and metipranolol: comparative ocular hypotensive efficacy, safety, and comfort. (1987)

Topical levobunolol 0.5% was compared with topical metipranolol 0.6% for efficacy, safety, and comfort in 46 patients with open angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension. The study was of parallel design, randomised, double-masked, and of three months' duration. After a washout interval the study medications were instilled twice daily in both eyes. The overall mean decrease in intraocular pressure (IOP) was approximately 7 mmHg in both groups. More than 90% of patients in both groups successfully completed the study. Both agents caused slight decreases in heart rate and blood pressure. More complaints of burning and stinging were reported in the metipranolol group than in the levobunolol group. This three-month, 46-patient study showed levobunolol 0.5% and metipranolol 0.6% to be similarly effective ocular hypotensive agents.
Modulation of mammalian sperm function by fertilization promoting peptide (FPP) (2009)

Fertilization promoting peptide (FPP; pGlu-Glu-ProNH2) is produced by the prostate gland and secreted into seminal plasma. When added to uncapacitated mouse and human sperm suspensions, it stimulates capacitation as demonstrated by both cytological changes and increased fertilizing ability in vitro. When added to capacitated suspensions, FPP inhibits spontaneous acrosome loss but cells retain high fertility in vitro. Adenosine elicits similar responses to FPP in both uncapacitated and capacitated cells and FPP + adenosine has a greater effect on uncapacitated cells than either used individually. We have proposed that these two molecules modulate the same pathway (adenylate cyclase/cAMP) but act via different receptors. The structure of FPP is crucial for bioactivity: loss of the terminal amide group abolishes activity and substitution of the central glutamic acid can markedly alter activity. Most recently we have found that stimulation of TCP-11, the product of the mouse t-complex gene Tcp-11, elicits responses indistinguishable from those obtained with FPP and we have hypothesized that the protein TCP-11 is the receptor for FPP. The existence of a human homologue for Tcp-11 suggests that the gene product, in conjunction with FPP, could play an important role in human fertility.
Directed Chemical Evolution with an Outsized Genetic Code (2016)

The first demonstration that macromolecules could be evolved in a test tube was reported twenty-five years ago. That breakthrough meant that billions of years of chance discovery and refinement could be compressed into a few weeks, and provided a powerful tool that now dominates all aspects of protein engineering. A challenge has been to extend this scientific advance into synthetic chemical space: to enable the directed evolution of abiotic molecules. The problem has been tackled in many ways. These include expanding the natural genetic code to include unnatural amino acids, engineering polyketide and polypeptide synthases to produce novel products, and tagging combinatorial chemistry libraries with DNA. Importantly, there is still no small-molecule analog of directed protein evolution, i.e. a substantiated approach for optimizing complex (≥ 10^9 diversity) populations of synthetic small molecules over successive generations. We present a key advance towards this goal: a tool for genetically-programmed synthesis of small-molecule libraries from large chemical alphabets. The approach accommodates alphabets that are one to two orders of magnitude larger than any in Nature, and facilitates evolution within the chemical spaces they create. This is critical for small molecules, which are built up from numerous and highly varied chemical fragments. We report a proof-of-concept chemical evolution experiment utilizing an outsized genetic code, and demonstrate that fitness traits can be passed from an initial small-molecule population through to the great-grandchildren of that population. The results establish the practical feasibility of engineering synthetic small molecules through accelerated evolution.
Energy Loss Measurement in Collisions of H+ and D+ Ions with Alkali Metals Using Charge Inversion Mass Spectrometry. (1995)

Charge inversion mass spectrometry measures negative ions formed both by double-electron-transfers in one collision and by successive single-electron-transfers in two collisions. Mechanism for H- ion formation in collisions of H+ ions with alkali metals has been studied by developing calibration methods of translational energy losses along with measurements of target density dependences in the charge inversion mass spectrometry. Two peaks with different translational energies were observed in magnified spectra of the peak associated with H- ions with Cs and K targets. One of the two peaks with the higher translational energy had higher intensity and showed a quadratic dependence on target density, while the other with the lower translational energy had lower intensity and showed a linear dependence on the target density. The translational energy difference was calibrated both by monitoring the magnetic flux density and by changing the accelerating voltage. The translational energy differences between the two peaks were evaluated as 10.7±0.4 eV and 17.4±0.5 eV with Cs and K targets, respectively. The translational energy differences of H- ions coincided with those of D- ions for both Cs and K targets. For Na target, only one peak with the quadratic dependence on the target density was observed. From the energy difference and the linear dependence on target density, the peak with the lower translational energy was ascribed to double electron transfer forming H-(1s2) ions in one collision. Existence of a double electron transfer process forming H-(1s2) and excited Cs2+(5s, 5p5) was suggested for a weak peak with the energy loss of about 34 eV with Cs target. The peak with the higher translational energy and the quadratic dependence was ascribed to three-step process which was composed of neutralization forming H(2p), spontaneous Ly-α emission from H(2p) and anionization forming H-(1s2) ions from H(1s).
Distributed Propulsion: New Opportunities for an Old Concept (2007)

Abstract : Distributed propulsion can be broadly defined as distributing the airflows and forces generated by the propulsion system about an aircraft in such a way as to improve the vehicle's aerodynamics, propulsive efficiency, structural efficiency, and aeroelasticity. The confluence of several synergistic factors with recent technical developments suggests distributed propulsion may now yield both new capabilities and new economics for military flight vehicles. Over a 12 month period, this study explored the potential for distributed propulsion combined with pneumatic aerodynamics and flow control to enable new capabilities and new economics for military air vehicles. Aircraft and gas turbine designs focused on an ESTOL application (100m takeoff run, for a nominally C-27 size aircraft). Study outputs include: a quantification of distributed propulsion benefits such as enabling new mission capabilities and improving performance, reliability, and cost; a conceptual design of a distributed propulsion air vehicle; a conceptual design of small engines optimized for distributed propulsion; and delineation of the technical barriers that must be overcome to realize distributed propulsion aircraft, and candidate plans for overcoming such barriers.
Rabbit Heart Valve Basement Membrane: Low Platelet Reactivity (1973)

Abstract Electron microscopic studies were performed on rabbit heart valves, and all four valves were found to be lined with a continuous basement membrane (BM). The valvular BM was liable to digestion by either trypsin or collagenase, but brief exposure to trypsin was suitable for desquamating endothelial cells, while leaving BM exposed and intact. Such preparations were used to determine their platelet reactivity with heparinized and citrated whole blood or with platelet-rich plasma. Although various conditions of exposure were used, including shaking and centrifugation, little or no platelet adhesion to the BM was observed. With similar conditions of exposure, preparations of collagen showed massive platelet adhesion accompanied by aggregation. This vascular BM was similarly nonreactive to platelets when endothelial cell removal was accomplished by mechanical methods. Rabbit valvular BM appears to be a poorly thrombogenic surface.
Mechanical Thrombectomy in Patients With Ischemic Stroke With Prestroke Disability (2020)

Background and Purpose- We aimed to compare functional and procedural outcomes of patients with acute ischemic stroke with none-to-minimal (modified Rankin Scale [mRS] score, 0-1) and moderate (mRS score, 2-3) prestroke disability treated with mechanical thrombectomy. Methods- Consecutive adult patients undergoing mechanical thrombectomy for an anterior circulation stroke were prospectively identified at 2 comprehensive stroke centers from 2012 to 2018. Procedural and 90-day functional outcomes were compared among patients with prestroke mRS scores 0 to 1 and 2 to 3 using χ<sup>2</sup>, logistic, and linear regression tests. Primary outcome and significant differences in secondary outcomes were adjusted for prespecified covariates. Results- Of 919 patients treated with mechanical thrombectomy, 761 were included and 259 (34%) patients had moderate prestroke disability. Ninety-day mRS score 0 to 1 or no worsening of prestroke mRS was observed in 36.7% and 26.7% of patients with no-to-minimal and moderate prestroke disability, respectively (odds ratio, 0.63 [0.45-0.88], <i>P</i>=0.008; adjusted odds ratio, 0.90 [0.60-1.35], <i>P</i>=0.6). No increase in the disability at 90 days was observed in 22.4% and 26.7%, respectively. Rate of symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage (7.3% versus 6.2%, <i>P</i>=0.65), successful recanalization (86.7% versus 83.8%, <i>P</i>=0.33), and median length of hospital stay (5 versus 5 days, <i>P</i>=0.06) were not significantly different. Death by 90 days was higher in patients with moderate prestroke disability (14.3% versus 40.3%; odds ratio, 4.06 [2.82-5.86], <i>P</i><0.001; adjusted odds ratio, 2.83 [1.84, 4.37], <i>P</i><0.001). Conclusions- One-third of patients undergoing mechanical thrombectomy had a moderate prestroke disability. There was insufficient evidence that functional and procedural outcomes were different between patients with no-to-minimal and moderate prestroke disability. Patients with prestroke disability were more likely to die by 90 days.
The precursor of resolvin D series and aspirin-triggered resolvin D1 display anti-hyperalgesic properties in adjuvant-induced arthritis in rats (2011)

Our findings provide fresh evidence for the anti-hyperalgesic properties of 17(R)HDoHE and its pro-resolution metabolite AT-RvD1. Such lipid mediators might be useful for treating pain associated with acute or chronic inflammation. LINKED ARTICLE This article is commented on by Xu and Ji, pp. 274-277 of this issue. To view this commentary visit http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1476-5381.2011.01348.x.
[Partial tricuspid homograft: a new technique for tricuspid valve repair. Report of a case]. (2000)

The authors report the case of a drug abuser treated successfully for fungal tricuspid endocarditis complicated by massive pulmonary embolism. Partial valvular replacement with a segment of a tricuspid homograft associated with disobliteration of a pulmonary artery was performed. Peroperative transoesophageal echocardiography showed satisfactory tricuspid valve function. The postoperative course was uneventful. After 5 months' follow-up, the patient was asymptomatic and in good general condition. Control echocardiography showed a stable operative result.
Vehicle and road state estimation using interacting multiple model approach (2006)

Abstract This article describes the estimation algorithm of the vehicle state and the road condition, which is formulated on the basis of the interacting multiple model algorithm. Ten system modes of tire are modeled (considered nonlinearity) according to the road friction. Ten system modes are provided for switching from one mode to another in a probabilistic manner. The mode probabilities and states of vehicle are estimated based on extended Kalman filter (EKF). This algorithm is evaluated in the simulation study. Simulation results show that the algorithm is effective in the state estimation of vehicle and road surface. Keywords: State estimationMultiple modelInteracting multiple modelRoad frictionSide-slip angle Acknowledgements A part of this study was supported by the Program for Promoting Fundamental Transport Technology Research from the Japan Railway Construction, Transport and Technology Agency (JRTT).
Type I interferons in combination with bacterial stimuli induce apoptosis of monocyte-derived dendritic cells (2001)

Both type I interferons (IFNs) as well as lipopolysaccharide (LPS) individually compromise selected monocytic or dendritic cell (DC) functions. This study investigates the influence of these agents on the differentiation and the regulation of cell death of monocyte-derived DCs generated in the presence of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor plus interleukin-4 (IL-4). It is reported that excessive apoptosis occurred rapidly in monocyte-derived DC cultures, if IFN-alpha or IFN-beta was added in combination with LPS or lipoteichoic acid (LTA). The small fraction of cells surviving in such cultures displayed a mature DC phenotype with expression of CD83, CD80, and CD86. IL-10 was found in the supernatants of monocyte-derived DC cultures, if supplemented with LPS or IFN-alpha plus LPS but not in control cultures. When monocyte-derived DCs were generated in the presence of IFN-alpha without LPS, these cells displayed an immature DC phenotype with a reduction of cell recovery but no overt apoptosis. However, the addition of LPS, LTA, LPS plus IFN-gamma, or tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) plus prostaglandin E2 to such cells again resulted in the rapid induction of apoptosis in the majority of cells, together with a reduced production of IL-12 p70 and TNF-alpha. Together, these data indicate an exquisite sensitivity of monocyte-derived DCs to activation-induced cell death if generated in the presence of IFN-alpha, indicating the existence of an important mechanism of immunosuppression caused by IFN-alpha-inducing agents, such as viral or bacterial stimuli. (Blood. 2001;98:736-742)
Limitation of the antibiotic‐eluting bone graft substitute: An example of gentamycin‐impregnated calcium sulfate (2016)

Patients with inadequate volume of alveolar processes or bone defects commonly require graft substitutes in oral, maxillofacial or orthopedic surgery. Ridge augmentation and reconstruction of facial bony defects with bone graft materials achieve better outcomes in functional and aesthetic rehabilitation. The injectable calcium sulfate filler is used widely in intra-operative applications. Calcium sulfate bone filler has been shown to upregulate bone formation-related mRNA genes in vitro and improve osseointegration in vivo. In addition, the bone graft substitute can be used as a drug delivery system for antibiotics to treat or prevent infections based on the clinical experiences. However, the influences of antibiotics addition on the calcium sulfate are not fully understood. In this study, calcium sulfate impregnated with gentamycin in different weight ratios was characterized. The results showed that gentamycin prolonged the hydration process and extended initial/final setting times of calcium sulfate. The addition of gentamycin slowed the conversion from calcium sulfate hemihydrate to dihydrate and changed the crystalline phase and microstructure. Higher amounts of gentamycin added resulted in faster degradation and lower mechanical strength of calcium sulfate. This study reveals that the extended setting time, decreased compressive strength, and the accelerated degradation of the gentamycin-impregnated calcium sulfate bone graft substitutes should be considered during intra-operative applications. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 106B: 80-87, 2018.
L‐643.441: an H2‐receptor antagonist with potent and long‐lasting effects in man. (1985)

Submaximal dose pentagastrin tests conducted in normal male volunteers with L-643.441, a novel histamine H2-receptor antagonist, indicate that it is a potent and long-acting inhibitor of gastric acid secretion. The effect appears dose-dependent and single doses of 50 mg are sufficient to reduce secretory potential by at least 50% when examined 24 h after drug administration. No adverse effects attributable to treatment were observed.
RANIBIZUMAB TREATMENT IN TREATMENT-NAIVE NEOVASCULAR AGE-RELATED MACULAR DEGENERATION (2019)

These results demonstrate the effectiveness and safety of ranibizumab in treatment-naive neovascular age-related macular degeneration patients.
SAGE: SLAM with Appearance and Geometry Prior for Endoscopy (2022)

In endoscopy, many applications (<i>e.g</i>., surgical navigation) would benefit from a real-time method that can simultaneously track the endoscope and reconstruct the dense 3D geometry of the observed anatomy from a monocular endoscopic video. To this end, we develop a Simultaneous Localization and Mapping system by combining the learning-based appearance and optimizable geometry priors and factor graph optimization. The appearance and geometry priors are explicitly learned in an end-to-end differentiable training pipeline to master the task of pair-wise image alignment, one of the core components of the SLAM system. In our experiments, the proposed SLAM system is shown to robustly handle the challenges of texture scarceness and illumination variation that are commonly seen in endoscopy. The system generalizes well to unseen endoscopes and subjects and performs favorably compared with a state-of-the-art feature-based SLAM system. The code repository is available at https://github.com/lppllppl920/SAGE-SLAM.git.
Multicenter Tract-Based Analysis of Microstructural Lesions within the Alzheimer’s Disease Spectrum: Association with Amyloid Pathology and Diagnostic Usefulness (2019)

Diffusion changes as determined by diffusion tensor imaging are potential indicators of microstructural lesions in people with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), prodromal Alzheimer's disease (AD), and AD dementia. Here we extended the scope of analysis toward subjective cognitive complaints as a pre-MCI at risk stage of AD. In a cohort of 271 participants of the prospective DELCODE study, including 93 healthy controls and 98 subjective cognitive decline (SCD), 45 MCI, and 35 AD dementia cases, we found reductions of fiber tract integrity in limbic and association fiber tracts in MCI and AD dementia compared with controls in a tract-based analysis (p < 0.05, family wise error corrected). In contrast, people with SCD showed spatially restricted white matter alterations only for the mode of anisotropy and only at an uncorrected level of significance. DTI parameters yielded a high cross-validated diagnostic accuracy of almost 80% for the clinical diagnosis of MCI and the discrimination of Aβ positive MCI cases from Aβ negative controls. In contrast, DTI parameters reached only random level accuracy for the discrimination between Aβ positive SCD and control cases from Aβ negative controls. These findings suggest that in prodromal stages of AD, such as in Aβ positive MCI, multicenter DTI with prospectively harmonized acquisition parameters yields diagnostic accuracy meeting the criteria for a useful biomarker. In contrast, automated tract-based analysis of DTI parameters is not useful for the identification of preclinical AD, including Aβ positive SCD and control cases.
Orthovoltage X-Rays Exhibit Increased Efficacy Compared with γ-Rays in Preclinical Irradiation (2022)

Understanding the significance of physical dose delivered using energetically different methods of radiation treatment will aid the transition from radionuclide γ-irradiators to orthovoltage X-irradiators.
Label-Free Screening of Drug—Protein Interactions by Time-Resolved Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopic Assays Exemplified by Ras Interactions (2010)

Time-resolved Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy can reveal molecular details of protein interactions. Analysis of difference spectra selects the absorptions of respective protein groups involved in an interaction against the background of the whole sample. By comparison of the same difference spectrum with and without a small molecule, one can determine whether the small molecule interferes with the protein or not. Usually a marker band of a specific residue of the protein is monitored. Here, we show three different time-resolved FT-IR assays detecting interactions of potential small molecules for molecular therapy with the GTPase Ras as an example for small GTPase binding proteins. Ras regulates signal transduction processes through a switching mechanism, cycling between an active "on" GTP-bound form and an inactive "off" GDP-bound state. Molecular defects in Ras can impair the ability of Ras and the Ras-RasGAP complex to hydrolyze GTP, contributing to uncontrolled cell growth and cancer. Oncogenic mutated Ras is found in about 30% of all cancer cells. We show in vitro assays, indicating (I) the shift of Ras into its "off" conformation, which inhibits the Ras pathway; (II) down-regulation of Ras signaling by changes in the Ras-Raf effector interaction; and (III) down-regulation of Ras signaling pathway by catalyzing GTP hydrolysis. Since almost all molecules have characteristic marker bands in the infrared, time-resolved FT-IR spectroscopy can be used label-free. No artificial nucleotides that could influence the interaction are needed. Both, sample preparation and evaluation can be automated in order to allow for high-throughput screening.