gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Immunolocalization of acidic and basic fibroblast growth factors during mouse odontogenesis (1992)

Acidic and basic fibroblast growth factors (aFGF and bFGF), are both known to bind to extracellular matrix components, particularly proteoheparin sulfates, and to regulate in vitro proliferation, differentiation and morphology of cells of neuroectodermal and mesodermal origins. Their patterns of distribution were studied during mouse odontogenesis by means of indirect immunofluorescence and immunoperoxidase histochemistry on frozen fixed sections and after Bouin's fixative and paraffin embedding. Localization of aFGF on frozen fixed sections was observed in the oral epithelium, dental lamina and oral mesenchyme (day-12 of gestation), the stellate reticulum and oral epithelium (day-14), the stratum intermedium and at the basal and apical poles of preameloblasts at bell stage. After birth aFGF epitopes were localized within the predentin-dentin area, the stratum intermedium and at the secretory pole of ameloblasts. There was no staining with anti-aFGF antibodies after Bouin's fixative and paraffin embedding. In contrast, using this protocol, intense stainings were found with anti-bFGF antibodies predominantly within dental and peridental basement membranes and mesenchyme: staining of the dental basement membranes was transient (bud and cap stage) and discontinuous; a preferential concentration of bFGF epitopes in the condensed dental mesenchyme of incisors (cap stage) and the dental papillae mesenchymal cells of molars (bell stage) was observed in the posterior and the cervical part of tooth germs. An intense immunostaining of the stellate reticulum with anti-bFGF antibodies was also found on paraffin sections from bud to bell stage.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Sensors for ultrasonic wire bonding process control (1999)

Abstract Ultrasonic wire bonding is an important technique in microelectronics packaging, as it provides electrical connections between an integrated circuit (IC) and the chip carrier. As the bond quality can vary appreciably, it is important to develop some in-process monitoring method to improve the reliability and quality of bonding. In this work, a piezoelectric lead zirconate titanate (PZT) sensor was used to measure two critical parameters. They are: (1) the temporal profiles of ultrasonic power and (2) the impact force imparted to the bonding pad by the bonding tool. A calibrated wire strain gauge was also used to measure the impact dynamic force and the static force applied to the bond surface. This is compared to that of the PZT sensor.
Multiple drug resistance of Plasmodium falciparum in Liberia (1989)

Journal Article Multiple drug resistance of Plasmodium falciparum in Liberia Get access Mark H. Monson, Mark H. Monson 1Curran Lutheran Hospital, Zorzor, Box 1046, Monrovia, Liberia2Department of Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Dennis E. Kyle, Dennis E. Kyle 3Department of Parasitology, Division of Experimental Therapeutics, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Washington, DC 20307, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Ayoade M.J. Oduola, Ayoade M.J. Oduola 3Department of Parasitology, Division of Experimental Therapeutics, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Washington, DC 20307, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Paul Broadbent Paul Broadbent 4United States Embassy, Monrovia, Liberia, APO New York, NY 09155, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Transactions of The Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, Volume 83, Issue 3, May-June 1989, Pages 311–312, https://doi.org/10.1016/0035-9203(89)90483-5 Published: 01 May 1989
The Effect of the Spectral Distribution of Wave Energy on the Performance of a Bottom Hinged Flap Type Wave Energy Converter (2012)

The power output from a wave energy converter is typically predicted using experimental and/or numerical modelling techniques. In order to yield meaningful results the relevant characteristics of the device, together with those of the wave climate must be modelled with sufficient accuracy. The wave climate is commonly described using a scatter table of sea states defined according to parameters related to wave height and period. These sea states are traditionally modelled with the spectral distribution of energy defined according to some empirical formulation. Since the response of most wave energy converters vary at different frequencies of excitation, their performance in a particular sea state may be expected to depend on the choice of spectral shape employed rather than simply the spectral parameters. Estimates of energy production may therefore be affected if the spectral distribution of wave energy at the deployment site is not well modelled. Furthermore, validation of the model may be affected by differences between the observed full scale spectral energy distribution and the spectrum used to model it. This paper investigates the sensitivity of the performance of a bottom hinged flap type wave energy converter to the spectral energy distribution of the incident waves. This is investigated experimentally using a 1:20 scale model of Aquamarine Power’s Oyster wave energy converter, a bottom hinged flap type device situated at the European Marine Energy Centre (EMEC) in approximately 13m water depth. The performance of the model is tested in sea states defined according to the same wave height and period parameters but adhering to different spectral energy distributions. The results of these tests show that power capture is reduced with increasing spectral bandwidth. This result is explored with consideration of the spectral response of the device in irregular wave conditions. The implications of this result are discussed in the context of validation of the model against particular prototype data sets and estimation of annual energy production.
CHAPTER 2 Cybersafety: A Systems Theory Approach to Managing Cybersecurity Risks—Applied to TJX Cyberattack (2018)

Cybercrime is impacting a broad cross section of our society. The cyber environment is continuously evolving as the world continues to become more connected, contributing to increasing complexity. This also introduces more opportunities for hackers to exploit new vulnerabilities.
Antifolate resistance mediated by the multidrug resistance proteins MRP1 and MRP2. (1999)

Transfection of multidrug resistance proteins (MRPs) MRP1 and MRP2 in human ovarian carcinoma 2008 cells conferred a marked level of resistance to short-term (1-4 h) exposure to the polyglutamatable antifolates methotrexate (MTX; 21-74-fold), ZD1694 (4-138-fold), and GW1843 (101-156-fold). Evidence for MRP-mediated antifolate efflux relies upon the following findings: (a) a 2-3.3-fold lower accumulation of [3H]MTX and subsequent reduced formation of long-chain polyglutamate forms of MTX; (b) reversal of MTX resistance by probenecid in both transfectants, and (c) ATP-dependent uptake of [3H]MTX in inside-out vesicles of MRP1 and MRP2 transfectants. This report provides a mechanistic basis for resistance to polyglutamatable antifolates through an MRP-mediated drug extrusion.
In-service Feedback QoE Framework (2010)

Recently, it has become essential for network service providers to know the reason of service dissatisfaction in order to improve service quality. For this purpose, the Quality of Experience (QoE) was introduced. Conventional methods of measuring QoE were usually based on network parameters and trained testers. However, this is unrepresentative of the true end user experience. For the QoE value to be meaningful, end users should be involved in the measuring process. In the paper, a new QoE management framework, called “in-service feedback QoE framework”, is introduced, where end users give feedback instantaneously whenever service dissatisfaction occurs. This user-triggering scheme initiates investigation to find out which factors dominantly deteriorated the quality. Gathered feedback information from distributed end users, network parameters from routers, and application information form servers can be analyzed collectively to find out the reason and location of faults.
Aeromonas sobria infection with severe soft tissue damage and segmental necrotizing gastroenteritis in a patient with alcoholic liver cirrhosis (1999)

A 49-year-old man, who had a 3-year history of liver dysfunction but had not been treated, was admitted to the hospital with a sudden onset of fever and generalized muscle pain. He subsequently developed generalized purpura with scattered hemorrhagic bullae of the skin and massive bloody stools. Aeromonas sobria was proven by culture of both blood and bullous fluid. In spite of the extensive treatment with antibiotics and other medications in the intensive care unit (ICU), the patient went into septic shock and died 2 days after admission. Pathological examination on autopsy revealed segmental necrotizing gastroenteritis with bacterial colonies and alcoholic liver cirrhosis, in addition to extensive severe soft tissue damage involving cellulitis and rhabdomyolysis and epidermolysis. Although the prognosis for Vibrio vulnificus infection with severe soft tissue damage in patients with liver cirrhosis, malignancy, diabetes mellitus or other pre-existing diseases is poor, the unfavorable progression of Aeromonas species, especially A. sobria infection is rare. This is thought to be the first report of an autopsied case.
Even-odd effects of Heisenberg chains on long-range interaction and entanglement (2010)

A strongly coupled Heisenberg chain provides an important channel for quantum communication through its many-body ground state. Yet, the nature of the effective interactions and the ability to mediate long-range entanglement differs significantly for chains of opposite parity. Here, we contrast the characters of even- and odd-size chains when they are coupled to external qubits. Additional parity effects emerge in both cases, depending on the positions of the attached qubits. Some striking results include (i) the emergence of maximal entanglement and (ii) spin-chain Ruderman-Kittel-Kasuya-Yosida interactions for qubits attached to an even chain, and (iii) the ability of chains of either parity to mediate qubit entanglement that is undiminished by distance.
Synthesis and Solid-State Characterization of Amphiphilic Tail-End Pyridinium Polymethacrylates (2000)

The synthesis of a new series of cationic tail-end polyamphiphiles of the type, poly(ω-pyridinium alkyl methacrylate)s with various 4-substituted pyridinium bromide groups and with spacers of 8, 12, and 16 methylene units, obtained by free radical polymerization in aqueous micellar solution, is described, and the thermal and structural characteristics in the solid-state have been studied. All of the polymers show a single glass transition in the range 39−105 °C, whose value depends strongly both on the spacer length, due to internal plasticization, and on the specific nature of the pyridinium moiety, where higher Tg's can be related to greater rigidity of the pyridinium group. The polymers are all birefringent between crossed polarizers, in some cases up to their degradation temperatures. X-ray diffraction investigations indicate that they tend to self-organize into an amorphous lamellar morphology that appears to be better defined the longer the alkyl spacer and whose details depend also on the specific pyridinium moiety. Thus, it is shown that the effects of ionic interactions and of the amphiphilic character of the polymers on their thermal and structural properties are clearly modulated by the alkyl spacer length and by mesogen-related parameters such as rigidity and bulkiness.
Maintaining views incrementally (1993)

We present incremental evaluation algorithms to compute changes to materialized views in relational and deductive database systems, in response to changes (insertions, deletions, and updates) to the relations. The view definitions can be in SQL or Datalog, and may use UNION, negation, aggregation ( e.g. SUM, MIN), linear recursion, and general recursion. We first present a counting algorithm that tracks the number of alternative derivations (counts) for each derived tuple in a view. The algorithm works with both set and duplicate semantics. We present the algorithm for nonrecursive views (with negation and aggregation), and show that the count for a tuple can be computed at little or no cost above the cost of deriving the tuple. The algorithm is optimal in that it computes exactly those view tuples that are inserted or deleted. Note that we store only the number of derivations, not the derivations themselves. We then present the Delete and Rederive algorithm, DRed, for incremental maintenance of recursive views (negation and aggregation are permitted). The algorithm works by first deleting a superset of the tuples that need to be deleted, and then rederiving some of them. The algorithm can also be used when the view definition is itself altered.
Super-Resolution of Cardiac MR Cine Imaging using Conditional GANs and Unsupervised Transfer Learning (2021)

High-resolution (HR), isotropic cardiac Magnetic Resonance (MR) cine imaging is challenging since it requires long acquisition and patient breath-hold times. Instead, 2D balanced steady-state free precession (SSFP) sequence is widely used in clinical routine. However, it produces highly-anisotropic image stacks, with large through-plane spacing that can hinder subsequent image analysis. To resolve this, we propose a novel, robust adversarial learning super-resolution (SR) algorithm based on conditional generative adversarial nets (GANs), that incorporates a state-of-the-art optical flow component to generate an auxiliary image to guide image synthesis. The approach is designed for real-world clinical scenarios and requires neither multiple low-resolution (LR) scans with multiple views, nor the corresponding HR scans, and is trained in an end-to-end unsupervised transfer learning fashion. The designed framework effectively incorporates visual properties and relevant structures of input images and can synthesise 3D isotropic, anatomically plausible cardiac MR images, consistent with the acquired slices. Experimental results show that the proposed SR method outperforms several state-of-the-art methods both qualitatively and quantitatively. We show that subsequent image analyses including ventricle segmentation, cardiac quantification, and non-rigid registration can benefit from the super-resolved, isotropic cardiac MR images, to produce more accurate quantitative results, without increasing the acquisition time. The average Dice similarity coefficient (DSC) for the left ventricular (LV) cavity and myocardium are 0.95 and 0.81, respectively, between real and synthesised slice segmentation. For non-rigid registration and motion tracking through the cardiac cycle, the proposed method improves the average DSC from 0.75 to 0.86, compared to the original resolution images.
Apilimod Inhibits the Production of IL-12 and IL-23 and Reduces Dendritic Cell Infiltration in Psoriasis (2012)

Psoriasis is characterized by hyperplasia of the epidermis and infiltration of leukocytes into both the dermis and epidermis. IL-23, a key cytokine that induces T(H)17 cells, has been found to play a critical role in the pathogenesis of psoriasis. Apilimod is a small-molecule compound that selectively suppresses synthesis of IL-12 and IL-23. An open-label clinical study of oral administration of apilimod was conducted in patients with psoriasis. Substantial improvements in histology and clinical measurements were observed in patients receiving 70 mg QD. The expression of IL-23p19 and IL-12/IL-23p40 in skin lesions was significantly reduced in this dose group, with a simultaneous increase in IL-10 observed. A decrease in the levels of T(H)1 and T(H)17 cytokines/chemokines in skin lesions followed these p19 and p40 changes. In parallel, a reduction in skin-infiltrating CD11c(+) dendritic cells and CD3(+) T cells was seen, with a greater decrease in the CD11c(+) population. This was accompanied by increases in T and B cells, and decreases in neutrophils and eosinophils in the periphery. This study demonstrates the immunomodulatory activity of apilimod and provides clinical evidence supporting the inhibition of IL-12/IL-23 synthesis for the treatment of T(H)1- and T(H)17-mediated inflammatory diseases.
Gas6 Downregulation Impaired Cytoplasmic Maturation and Pronuclear Formation Independent to the MPF Activity (2011)

Previously, we found that the growth arrest-specific gene 6 (Gas6) is more highly expressed in germinal vesicle (GV) oocytes than in metaphase II (MII) oocytes using annealing control primer (ACP)-PCR technology. The current study was undertaken to investigate the role of Gas6 in oocyte maturation and fertilization using RNA interference (RNAi). Interestingly, despite the specific and marked decrease in Gas6 mRNA and protein expression in GVs after Gas6 RNAi, nuclear maturation including spindle structures and chromosome segregation was not affected. The only discernible effect induced by Gas6 RNAi was a change in maturation promoting factor (MPF) activity. After parthenogenetic activation, Gas6 RNAi-treated oocytes at the MII stage had not developed further and arrested at MII (90.0%). After stimulation with Sr(2+), Gas6-silenced MII oocytes had markedly reduced Ca(2+) oscillation and exhibited no exocytosis of cortical granules. In these oocytes, sperm penetration occurred during fertilization but not pronucleus (PN) formation. By roscovitine and colcemid treatment, we found that the Gas6 knockdown affected cytoplasmic maturation directly, independent to the changed MPF activity. These results strongly suggest that 1) the Gas6 signaling itself is important to the cytoplasmic maturation, but not nuclear maturation, and 2) the decreased Gas6 expression and decreased MPF activity separately or mutually influence sperm head decondensation and PN formation.
Effect of Particle Size on Electrokinetic Potential of Spherical Glass Particles covered with Dodecyl Amine (1973)

The effect of particle size on ζ-potential was studied by the streaming potential method. The streaming potential was measured with varying particle size of untreated glass particles and glass particles coated with dodecylamine in sodium chloride or dodecylammonium chloride solution. These experiments showed that |ζ| became larger, the smaller the particle size was. Necessary corrections have to be made to obtain a reliable value of ζ-potential. The corrections for surface conductance, overlapping of electrical double layer, and radius effect were proposed by many authors experimentally and theoretically, but these do not seem to give reliable values. A corrected equation [numerical formula] was derived here, theoretically, with consideration of the tortuosity of liquid flow, qη, and the tortuosity of ion flux, qκ, but a reasonable value was not obtained.
Photonic Beamforming Based on Programmable Phase Shifters With Amplitude and Phase Control (2011)

A new optically controlled phased array beamforming technique based on phase modulations of wavelength-division-multiplexed (WDM) single sideband modulated light with carrier using a two-dimensional array liquid crystal on silicon (LCoS) pixels device, is presented. It realizes multiple wideband photonic microwave phase shifters, operates over a wide frequency range, and simultaneously integrates the array phase taper and the array amplitude taper within a single unit. The beamforming is software programmable. Experimental results demonstrate multiple independent microwave phase shifters that operate simultaneously over a 10- to 20-GHz frequency range, and results demonstrate beamsteering in a four-element optically controlled beam steering array at 18 GHz.
RESEARCH IN ACTIVATION ANALYSIS. Quarterly Progress Report, April-August 1962 (1962)

The experimental work completed thus far in the areas of rapid radiochemical separations and metastable isomeric states is summarized. Activation analyses were made in samples of ore materials and metals using rapid radiochemical separations to isolate short-lived radioactive isotopes such as 3.77-min V/sup 52/ and 14.6-min Mo/sup 101/. The analytical results obtained were compared to the results obtained from standard chemical and instrumental analytical methods and, where possible, to activation analysis results obtained from longer-lived isotopes of the same element. Further work is in progress to improve the procedures, to evaluate the reproducibility and accuracy of the methods, and to evaluate their usefulness on a wide variety of sample matrices. The research on short-lived metastable isomers showed that 1.7-min W/sup 185m/ is not produced in sufficiently high yield for the development of a supplementary analytical scheme for natural tungsten although it could be used for isotope ratio determinations in certain enriched samples. Results on the decay of W/sup 185m/ are in good agreement with studies of the isomer produced by photodisintegration and high energy neutron bombardment although they do suggest some error in the published values of the energies of the gamma rays emitted in the ate that 1.1-hour Pb/supmore » 204m/, which is produced in a nuclear reactor by both inelastic neutron scattering and photoexcitation, will provide a satisfactory basis for the activation analysis of lead. (auth)« less
Language and thought (1993)

A fascinating analysis of human language and its influence on other disciplines by one of the nation's most respected linguists. Chomsky is also the author of What Uncle Sam Really Wants and The Prosperous Few and the Restless Many (15,000 copies sold).
Mapping of mutation-sensitive sites in proteinlike chains (1998)

In this work we have studied, with the help of a simple on-lattice model, the distribution pattern of sites sensitive to point mutations (``hot'' sites) in proteinlike chains. It has been found that this pattern depends on the regularity of the matrix that rules the interaction between different kinds of residues. If the interaction matrix is dominated by the hydrophobic effect (a Miyazawa-Jernigan--like matrix), this distribution is very simple: All the hot sites can be found at the positions with the maximum number of closest nearest neighbors (bulk). If random or nonlinear corrections are added to such an interaction matrix the distribution pattern changes. The rising of collective effects allows the hot sites to be found in places with a smaller number of nearest neighbors (surface) while the general trend of the hot sites to fall into a bulk part of a conformation still holds.
Multiscale Finite Element Modeling of Silicon Nitride Ceramics Undergoing Laser-Assisted Machining (2006)

A multiscale finite element model is developed to simulate the chip formation in laser-assisted machining of silicon nitride ceramics. To consider the workpiece heterogeneous microstructure and crack evolution in silicon nitride machining, the workpiece material is modeled with continuum elements imbedded in thin interfacial cohesive elements. The continuum elements simulate the deformation of the bulk workpiece while the interfacial cohesive elements account for the initiation and propagation of intergranular cracks. The model reveals that discontinuous chips form by the propagation of cracks in the shear zone while the machined surface is generated by plastic deformation of the workpiece material under confined high pressure. The simulated cutting forces, chip morphology and subsurface integrity are compared with corresponding experimental observations and the validity of the present model is shown by the good agreements in the comparisons.