gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Speckle imaging, photon by photon (1979)

A speckle processing prescription is described that should yield diffraction-limited performance for large telescopes in spite of atmospheric turbulence and at light levels as low as 100 photons/sec in the picture. The prescription involves rearranging the spatial frequency components of running glimpses of the scene according to the complex information (entropy) of those components. The imaginary part (phase) of the information is rendered unambiguous by maintaining track of the phase. A 2-D photon counter furnishes the raw observations. Comparisons and ramifications of the procedure are discussed.
Identification and Evaluation of Improved 4′-O-(Alkyl) 4,5-Disubstituted 2-Deoxystreptamines as Next-Generation Aminoglycoside Antibiotics (2014)

The ever-widening epidemic of multidrug-resistant infectious diseases and the paucity of novel antibacterial agents emerging from modern screening platforms mandate the reinvestigation of established drugs with an emphasis on improved biocompatibility and overcoming resistance mechanisms. Here, we describe the preparation and evaluation of derivatives of the established aminoglycoside antibiotic paromomycin that effectively remove its biggest deficiency, ototoxicity, and overcome certain bacterial resistance mechanisms.
Functional Asplenia With Few Howell-Jolly Bodies (1977)

A 64-year-old man had functional asplenia as determined by lack of splenic accumulation of 99 mTc-sulfur colloid. A bone marrow biopsy established the diagnosis of lymphocytic lymphoma. Splenic replacement by lymphoma cells might be the cause of reticuloendothelial failure in the organ. The peripheral blood smear showed only rare Howell-Jolly bodies. It was postulated that this was the result of myelofibrosis, with a decreased output of red cells (and hence a decreased demand for splenic clearance of intraerythrocytic inclusions). Cases showing functional asplenia without the presence of Howell-Jolly bodies have not yet been demonstrated.
Instructions and Changes to the NEWPEP Thermochemical Code (2001)

The NEWPEP thermochemical code is a computer program that has been developed to help predict the performance of a user generated propellant system. Sandia has used the program to model the use of different oxidizer/fuel combinations. The program has been adapted to fit Sandia's need by expanding the programs combustion species database and the ingredient list. This paper provides the user with a thorough set of operating instructions.
Modeling of Spirals with Equal Dielectric, Magnetic, and Chiral Susceptibilities (2008)

Abstract In this article, we study spiral particles with optimized design parameters, which can make possible the realization of media with equal dielectric, magnetic, and chiral susceptibilities. Two different spiral structures are investigated: the canonical spiral (which consists of a split loop with two straight-wire sections, orthogonal to the loop plane and connected to the edges of the gap) and the true helix (which is obtained by bending a wire with a constant pitch angle). The transmission and reflection coefficients of arrays of spiral particles are obtained under plane wave excitation by numerical simulation. The properties of slabs formed by periodic chiral and racemic arrays of spirals are investigated. Good agreement is found between the presented results and the previously reported theoretical and experimental studies.
The Reliability of Laboratory and Field Parameters Used in the Prediction Models (2003)

Abstract Several attempts have been made by different companies and research institutes to compare the field data with the predicted internal corrosion rate/corrosivity but the matching of the actual and predicted corrosion rates has not been successful in many cases. In fact, some of the important parameters collected from fields or obtained in laboratories do not have the same meaning as the data used in the prediction models. Many of the conditions existing in fields can not be produced in laboratories. The accuracy of the field data is also questionable in many cases and if this is the case, there is a risk of considering an accurate prediction as wrong. There is lack of knowledge for the impact of some important parameters, like small amount of H2S and organic acids, on the corrosion rate measured in the field. The mechanism of the localised corrosion does not allow the prediction of an accurate corrosion rate. The paper analyses in details the accuracy of some production and corrosion data collected from fields, explains why the fact that prediction models give different results is normal and the prediction of an accurate corrosion rate is actually neither possible nor required. It is suggested that the oil industry concentrates its efforts to predict properly the influence of important parameters on the corrosivity, improve the validity of the data and to develop an approach to predict “low corrosivity”, “medium corrosivity” and “high corrosivity”.
Continuous Hydrolysis of Milk Protein in a Membrane Reactor (1990)

ABSTRACT Casein was hydrolyzed using Alcalase in a continuous stirred tank membrane reactor (CSTMR) using a hollow fiber ultrafiltration membrane. A design of experiments methodology was used to optimize the four performance variables: enzyme concentration, substrate concentration, permeate flux and reactor volume. High conversion (&gt;90%) of the casein could be achieved after one hour at 50°C and pH 8. Reactor activity was most affected by the enzyme‐to‐substrate ratio. The stability of the reactor (i.e., decay of activity with time) was a function of enzyme leakage through the membrane, thermal inactivation and enzyme‐membrane interactions.
Mitigation of dispersion-induced effects using SOA in analog optical transmission (2002)

A novel technique to improve an analog optical transmission performance by reducing both the nonlinearity and chromatic dispersion induced carrier suppression has been proposed. The intrinsic nonlinear distortion component of Mach-Zehnder modulator (MZM) was reduced by gain saturation characteristics of semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA). The composite triple beat (CTB) of MZM was reduced as much as 9 dB at the quadratic bias point and the following enhancement of dynamic range by 4.5 dB was obtained. The RF carrier suppression for the transmission length and operating frequency was reduced by a negative chirp characteristic of semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA) and the enhancement of CTB after transmission were also achieved as a result of the linearization using SOA.
Structure and Adaptive Algorithm of Frequency Domain SSCF-ANC System (2018)

A gradient based active noise control system using the frequency domain SSCF (Square Sum of Correlation Function) adaptive algorithm without a model of the secondary path is proposed. The cost function of this adaptive system is a square sum of the cross-correlation coefficient of the input noise and the output error signal rather than mean square of the output error signal. A observable joint statistics of two signals instead of the estimation of a unobservable signal is considered. The spectrum detection method of the noise source and the influence of the detection error on adaptive algorithm are investigated, as a result the stability of the algorithm was proved. Since this algorithm is a normalized algorithm in the frequency domain, the adaptive parameters independently converge to the optimum value. Numerical verifications are also presented by using non-stationary noise source observed in passenger car and the actually measured transfer functions of the acoustic path.
CTCF binding is not the epigenetic mark that establishes post-fertilization methylation imprinting in the transgenic H19 ICR (2010)

Imprinted expression of the mouse Igf2/H19 locus is controlled by parent-of-origin-specific methylation of the imprinting control region (ICR). We previously demonstrated that when placed in a heterologous genomic context, the H19 ICR fragment contains an intrinsic activity that allows it to acquire differential methylation in somatic cells but not in germ cells. In the present study, we investigated the requirements for the CTCF-binding sites of the ICR in the acquisition of post-fertilization methylation. To this end, two mutant ICR fragments were introduced into the human beta-globin locus in a yeast artificial chromosome transgenic mouse (TgM) model: 4xMut had mutations in all four ICR CTCF-binding sites that prevented CTCF binding but retained the methylation target CpG motifs, and -9CG harbored mutations in the CpG motifs within the CTCF-binding sites but each site retained constitutive CTCF-binding activity. In TgM germ cells and pre-implantation blastocysts, the absence of CTCF-binding sites (4xMut) did not lead to hypermethylation of the transgenic H19 ICR. However, after implantation, the mutations of CTCF sites (4xMut and -9CG) affected the maintenance of methylation. These results demonstrated that although the CTCF-binding sites are indispensable for maintenance of the unmethylated state of the maternal ICR in post-implantation embryos, they are not required to establish paternal-allele-specific methylation of the transgenic H19 ICR in pre-implantation embryos.
Soybean Root Suberin and Partial Resistance to Root Rot Caused by Phytophthora sojae (2008)

Phytophthora sojae is the causal agent of root and stem rot of soybean (Glycine max). Various cultivars with partial resistance to the pathogen have been developed to mitigate this damage. Herein, two contrasting genotypes, the cultivar Conrad (with strong partial resistance) and the line OX760-6 (with weak partial resistance), were compared regarding their amounts of preformed and induced suberin components, and to early events during the P. sojae infection process. To colonize the root, hyphae grew through the suberized middle lamellae between epidermal cells. This took 2 to 3 h longer in Conrad than in OX760-6, giving Conrad plants more time to establish their chemical defenses. Subsequent growth of hyphae through the endodermis was also delayed in Conrad. This cultivar had more preformed aliphatic suberin than the line OX760-6 and was induced to form more aliphatic suberin several days prior to that of OX760-6. However, the induced suberin was formed subsequent to the initial infection process. Eventually, the amount of induced suberin (measured 8 days postinoculation) was the same in both genotypes. Preformed root epidermal suberin provides a target for selection and development of new soybean cultivars with higher levels of expression of partial resistance to P. sojae.
Vertically Aligned Liquid Crystal Molecules on TiO2 Film Treated by Ion-Beam Irradiation (2010)

In this paper, we describe the formation of vertically aligned liquid crystal molecules on TiO 2 films treated by ion-beam (IB) irradiation. Regular or irregular pretilt angles were achieved as a function of IB incident angle. Uniform alignment was obtained only at an incident angle of 45°. The contact angle, which is related to the surface energy, was measured to confirm the tendency of variation in the pretilt angle. In addition, the weak anchoring energy of LC molecules on IB-irradiated TiO 2 was ascertained by the thermal stability at low temperature.
Modern Approaches and Innovations on Methods and Imaging Protocols of the Maxillofacial District (2021)

In recent years, improvements in imaging techniques have profoundly changed the diagnosis of pathologies of the maxillofacial district [...].
Ultrasonic Tomography for Rail Flaw Imaging (2014)

There is a need in the railroad industry to have quantitative information on internal rail flaws, including flaw size and orientation. Such information can lead to knowledge-based decision making on any remedial action, and ultimately increase the safety of train operations by preventing derailments. Current ultrasonic inspection methods leave such sizing determinations to the inspector, and there can be significant variability from one inspector to another depending on experience and other factors. However, this quantitative information can be obtained accurately by 3-D imaging of the rail flaws. It is the goal of this project to develop a portable system that will improve defect classification in rails and ultimately improve public safety. This paper will present a method for 3-D imaging of internal rail flaws based on Ultrasonic Tomography. The proposed technique combines elements of ultrasonic testing with those of radar and sonar imaging to obtain high-resolution images of the flaws using a stationary array of ultrasonic transducers. The array is operated in a “full matrix capture” scheme that minimizes the number of ultrasonic transmitters, hence simplifying the practical implementation and reducing the inspection time. In this method, a full 3D image of the rail volume identifies the location, size and orientation of the defect. This will help to eliminate human error involved with a typical manual inspection using a single transducer probe inspection. The results of advanced numerical simulations, carried out on a rail profile, will be presented. The simulations show the effectiveness of the technique to image a 5% Head Area Transverse Defect in the railhead. Current efforts are aimed at developing an experimental prototype based on this technology, whose design status is also discussed in this paper.
Patterning High-Aspect-Ratio Sol–Gel Structures by Microtransfer Molding (2008)

Organic–inorganic silicon-based polymers can be tailor-made to obtain materials with mechanical, chemical, optical, or electric properties that suit a great variety of applications and are compatible with microfabrication technologies. Herein, this work reports on the one-step processing of microstructures of a sol–gel polymeric material on flat substrates by microtransfer molding. A careful selection of silanes and the experimental conditions for the generation of the three-dimensional polymeric network was of key importance to obtain structures of up to 70 µm high having an aspect ratio of up to 10:1 (height/width), with excellent periodicity and reproducibility. Besides, a very low degree of shrinkage of the sol–gel polymer was shown upon aging and drying steps, thereby enabling the perfect control over the fabrication of the final structure. Pillars, wells, and lines of different dimensions were fabricated and characterized by optical, scanning electron, and atomic force microscopy techniques. The controlled development of sol–gel microstructures using a simple fabrication technology may widen the range of promising applications of these materials in areas such as optoelectronics or chemical sensing.
Clonal dominance: loss and restoration in adoptive transfer. (1978)

An adoptive transfer system was used to study the mechanism responsible for clonal dominance of the anti-phosphorylcholine response in BALB/c mice. The adult spleen contains phosphorylcholine-specific precursor cells that are capable of developing into antibody-producing cells after transfer into lethally irradiated animals. The neonatal liver of the BALB/c mouse lacks precursor cells specific for phosphorylcholine but contains immature cells that differentiate into specific precursors during the normal course of ontogeny. The transfer of fetal or neonatal liver cells into lethally irradiated recipients prevents the appearance of the dominant H8 clone which constitutes the majority of the clones responding to phosphorylcholine in adult BALB/c mice. However, if these cells are transferred into neonatally suppressed recipients that lack the H8 idiotype, dominance of the H8 clone can develop. The conversion of the committed immature progenitor cell into a responsive B lymphocyte precursor is a regulated event. Regulation at the level of progenitor cells determines the eventual clonal profile of the immune response to phosphorylcholine. It is suggested that selection of the dominant clone occurs at this level.
Localization of DING proteins on PstS-containing outer-surface appendages ofPseudomonas aeruginosa (2013)

Phosphate signaling and acquisition are critical for the bacterial response to phosphate limitation, and bacteria express multiple factors to scavenge phosphate. We previously found that multidrug-resistant strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa from critically ill patients can form unusual outer-surface appendages harboring PstS proteins. Here, we have expanded our investigation to DING proteins that like PstS belong to the family of high-affinity phosphate-binding proteins but have strong similarity with eukaryotic DING proteins. We demonstrate the localization of DING on PstS-containing outer-surface appendages in both multidrug-resistant strain MDR25 and the PA14 strain of P. aeruginosa. However, the number of cells producing appendages and the amount of appendages on each cell in PA14 were found to be negligible, unless overexpression of either PstS or DING was achieved by transformation with constructed plasmids. We further noticed that DING expression under low phosphate conditions was significantly higher in MDR25 compared to PA14 which may explain the greater abundance of appendages in MDR25. Our finding that DING proteins are localized on extracellular appendages provides an opportunity to study the interaction of bacterial DING with host proteins by mimicking the action of host DINGs.
Digital Twins of existing long-living assets: reverse instantiation of the mid-life twin (2022)

The added value of long-living assets declines during their lifespan, especially if they do not undergo regular planning intensive maintenance and retrofits. Here, the Digital Twin (DT) concept can support by representing the physical asset’s most recent state, typically based on data and information from product creation. However, in the depicted domain, the stakeholders of the product’s Mid-of-Life often do not have access to the early phases. Therefore, as often presented in current concepts, creating a holistic Digital Twin is not feasible. Instead, in the Mid-Life phase of long-living assets, only a use case-specific and demand-actuated Digital Twin is attainable. This instantiation requires a solid procedure, which will be elaborated on in this work.
The Synthesis of 3,5‐Diamino‐1,2,4‐oxadiazoles. 2nd Communication (1980)

Abstract The 5‐amino‐3‐arylamino‐1,2,4‐oxadiazoles 2 are conveniently prepared by oxidative cyclization of the arylamidinoureas 10 . The process is also capable of producing a variety of the 5‐substituted‐amino analogs 32 when the appropriately substituted guanidine 31 is employed as the substrate. Two different types of rearrangement leading to triazol‐3‐ones accompany cyclization depending on the choice of starting material. The structures of the rearranged products were established by X‐ray crystallographic analysis and the reaction mechanisms leading to these unexpected products are discussed.
A comparative study of new non-linear uncertainty propagation methods for space surveillance (2014)

We propose a unified testing framework for assessing uncertainty realism during non-linear uncertainty propagation under the perturbed two-body problem of celestial mechanics, with an accompanying suite of metrics and benchmark test cases on which to validate different methods. We subsequently apply the testing framework to different combinations of uncertainty propagation techniques and coordinate systems for representing the uncertainty. In particular, we recommend the use of a newly-derived system of orbital element coordinates that mitigate the non-linearities in uncertainty propagation and the recently-developed Gauss von Mises filter which, when used in tandem, provide uncertainty realism over much longer periods of time compared to Gaussian representations of uncertainty in Cartesian spaces, at roughly the same computational cost.
Hyperacute GVHD: Analysis of risk factors, clinical manifestations, and outcomes (2005)

We evaluated the clinical characteristics and risk factors for hyperacute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) in 815 consecutive patients transplanted at M.D. Anderson Cancer Center between January 1998 and September 2002. Our definition of hyperacute GVHD included all patients with a diagnosis of GVHD within 14 days after allogeneic bone marrow or peripheral blood stem cell transplantation (PSCT). Of 381 patients presenting with clinical evidence of acute GVHD, 22% (n= 83) occurred within 14 days posttransplantation (early GVHD), and were all biopsy-proven. Grade I GVHD occurred in 12% of these patients, grade II in 53%, grade III in 13%, and grade IV in 22%. The proportion of grade II-IV GVHD in this group was significantly higher (88%) than in the 298 patients presenting with GVHD between days 15 and 100 posttransplantation (64%) (P< .001). The majority of patients with early GVHD had skin involvement (89%), followed by gastrointestinal (43%), and liver GVHD (19%). Skin involvement was significantly more common (89% vs 76%; P= .01), and more severe (stage III or IV 63% vs 32%; P< .001) in the early GVHD group. Significantly factors on univariate analysis included a graft from a mismatched (MM) related donor (HR= 4.4; P< .001) or a matched unrelated donor (MUD) (HR= 2.4; P <.001) vs a graft from a matched related donor, and myeloablative preparative regimen with or without total body irradiation (HR= 2.5; P< .001). These effects remained significant when evaluated in a multivariate model. Donor’s age> 40 years was associated with a marginally significant lower rate of early GVHD (HR= 0.6; P= .05), and there was a trend toward increased rates for patients receiving sex-mismatched grafts, patients transplanted for solid tumors, and those having received more than 5 chemotherapy regimens before transplantation. There was no difference in the distribution of CD34+ or CD3+ cells infused. All-cause mortality rate was significantly higher within 6 months posttransplantation for patients with early GVHD (HR= 2.2; P< .001) compared with all other patients or to patients developing acute GVHD after day 14 (HR= 1.6; P= .009). Acute GVHD death rate was also significantly higher (HR= 2.3; P= .007). Hyperacute GVHD occurs in a substantial proportion of patients undergoing HSC transplant, even before neutrophil engraftment. Skin involvement, grades 3–4 GVHD, and higher mortality are common features of this syndrome.
A photodissociation study of 1,3-butadiene (1988)

Laser-ion beam photodissociation is used to study the C4H+6 radical cation formed by electron impact (70 eV nominal energy) ionization of 1,3-butadiene. The kinetic energy release value obtained from C4H+6→C3H+3+CH3 does not agree with the distribution reported by Farrar [J. Chem. Phys. 77, 263 (1982)]. The photodissociation studies of C4H+6 suggest the existence of a long-lived (&amp;gt;0.05×10−6 s) photoexcited C4H+6 ion. Also, results of photodissociation studies of C4H+6 trapped in the electron beam space charge are consistent with the proposed long-lived photoexcited C4H+6 ion. Therefore, it is proposed that the two-photon photodissociation of C4H+6 reported by Baer [J. Chem. Phys. 85, 6361 (1986)] is a sequential two-step process involving a long-lived excited C4H+6 ion.
Metastable and equilibrium phase formation in sputter-deposited Ti/Al multilayer thin films (2002)

The sequence and kinetics of metastable and equilibrium phase formation in sputter deposited multilayer thin films was investigated by combining in situ synchrotron x-ray diffraction (XRD) with ex situ electron diffraction and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The sequence included both cubic and tetragonal modifications of the equilibrium TiAl3 crystal structure. Values for the formation activation energies of the various phases in the sequence were determined using the XRD and DSC data obtained here, as well as activation energy data reported in the literature.