gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Feature extraction from mammograms by using a'priory information (2013)

The aim of X-ray imaging is to visualize the structure of body tissue with high spatial resolution and high contrast between different kinds of tissues. Early diagnosis of breast cancer requires almost a perfect imaging system or applying sophisticated post processing algorithms to `clean' the image and extract needed information. Diagnostic images are often assessed in clinical practice by using subjective methods which are limited by the skill of the radiologist. A numerous computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) algorithms, that assist reviewers in their decisions and reduce the numbers of false positives, have been developed. However, these systems have not been well utilized yet and there are not the consensus among scientists and practitioners which are the most effective. Straightforward deconvolution of the image, using the known imperfectness of the imaging system, is not applicable due to non-avoidable noise. The noise makes these deconvolution procedures ill-posed from a mathematical point of view i.e., the solution is not stable and must be regularized. The level of regularization depends on an a'priory information about the image formation. A regularized deconvolution procedure, based on the knowledge of the noise estimation, is proposed for de-blurring mammograms and thus enhanced the features relevant for clinical outcomes. Testing its limitations is done as well. Promising preliminary results are obtained. Further investigations are needed to apply this procedure to a real mammographic unit.
Fine Grained Classification of Personal Data Entities (2018)

Entity Type Classification can be defined as the task of assigning category labels to entity mentions in documents. While neural networks have recently improved the classification of general entity mentions, pattern matching and other systems continue to be used for classifying personal data entities (e.g. classifying an organization as a media company or a government institution for GDPR, and HIPAA compliance). We propose a neural model to expand the class of personal data entities that can be classified at a fine grained level, using the output of existing pattern matching systems as additional contextual features. We introduce new resources, a personal data entities hierarchy with 134 types, and two datasets from the Wikipedia pages of elected representatives and Enron emails. We hope these resource will aid research in the area of personal data discovery, and to that effect, we provide baseline results on these datasets, and compare our method with state of the art models on OntoNotes dataset.
A sensitivity and linearity improvement of a 100 dB dynamic range CMOS image sensor using a lateral overflow integration capacitor (2005)

In a CMOS image sensor featuring a lateral overflow capacitor in a pixel, which integrates the overflowed charges from a frilly depleted photodiode during the same exposure, the sensitivity in non-saturated signal and the linearity in saturated overflow signal have been improved by introducing a new pixel circuit and its operation. A 1/3" VGA color CMOS image sensor has fabricated through 0.35 /spl mu/m 2P3M CMOS process results in a 100 dB dynamic range characteristic, with improved sensitivity and linearity.
Sharaq Spectrometer: High-resolution Spectroscopy Using Exotic Beams And Reactions (2017)

We introduce the recent development for increasing the performance of the SHARAQ spectrometer, which was operated at RI Beam Factory in RIKEN, Japan. The paper contains main achievements of our developments, which are detector developments, improvements of high-resolution performance at SHARAQ, and developments of new reaction probes to explore new kinds of nuclear responses. By using those new experimental technique, we recently performed various nuclear experiments at SHARAQ. We described here the preliminary results of the experiments together with their brief details.
Workflow resource patterns (2004)

Workflow systems seek to provide an implementation vehicle for complex, recurring\nbusiness processes. Notwithstanding this common objective, there are a\nvariety of distinct features offered by commercial workflow management systems.\nThese differences result in significant variations in the ability of distinct tools to\nrepresent and implement the plethora of requirements that may arise in contemporary\nbusiness processes. Many of these requirements recur quite frequently\nduring the requirements analysis activity for workflow systems and abstractions\nof these requirements serve as a useful means of identifying the key components\nof workflow languages.\nPrevious work has identified a number of Workflow Control Patterns and\nWorkflow Data Patterns, which characterize the range of control flow and data\nconstructs that might be encountered when modelling and analysing workflows.\nIn this paper, we describe a series of Workflow Resource Patterns that aim to capture\nthe various ways in which resources are represented and utilized in workflows.\nBy delineating these Patterns in a form that is independent of specific workflow\ntechnologies and modelling languages, we are able to provide a comprehensive\ntreatment of the resource perspective and we subsequently use these Patterns\nas the basis for a detailed comparison of a number of commercially available\nworkflow management systems and business process modelling languages.
The twiddling Andersen. (2009)

To the Editor:

Jefferies and colleagues, in a recent issue of the Texas Heart Institute Journal, 1 described a case of defibrillator “twiddling” that partially dislodged the implanted electrodes. While references to the twiddling problem were made, there was no reference to a technique that can prevent both twiddling and device erosion—encasing the implanted pulse generator in a polyester-mesh pouch.2,3

We have used this pouch regularly for 35 years and have not seen any significant complication, except for an extremely rare reaction to the fibrous material. We continue to use the pouch in very thin patients in whom there is little overlying fibro-adipose tissue, and in patients whose implants are not placed beneath the pectoralis major muscle. Since making use of the pouch, we have not again seen twiddling or erosion of a device.

It would have been appropriate to report that there is a satisfactory method available to prevent twiddling and its complications.


Victor Parsonnet, MD

Director, Pacemaker & Defibrillator Center, Director of Surgical Research, Newark Beth Israel Medical Center, Newark, New Jersey
Minimal peptide length for interaction of amphipathic .alpha.-helical peptides with phosphatidylcholine liposomes (1991)

The interactions of a series of amphipathic alpha-helical peptides containing from 6 to 18 amino acid residues with dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC) and dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine (DMPC) were studied by optical and calorimetric methods. Several peptides rapidly decreased the turbidity of DMPC and DPPC liposomes when mixed at the phase transition temperatures of the lipids. The extent of the clearing depended upon the chain length of the peptides, with the most effective clearing attained with peptides 10-12 residues in length. An eight-residue peptide was somewhat less effective and a six-residue peptide had no effect on liposome structure. The peptides formed small micellar structures, as judged by gel filtration chromatography. The effects of the peptides on the phase transitions of the lipids were examined by differential scanning calorimetry. The peptides that were most effective in disrupting the liposomes and forming clear micelles were also most effective in reducing the enthalpy of the gel to liquid-crystalline phase transition of the lipid. The addition of DMPC or DPPC liposomes to the peptides increased the magnitude of the negative bonds at 208 and 222 nm in circular dichroism measurements, consistent with the expected formation of alpha-helical structure on binding to lipid. The extent of burial of the single tryptophan residue in the peptides was determined by fluorescence spectroscopy. In peptides that bound to lipid, the tryptophan was in a less solvent-exposed environment in the presence of lipid, as evidenced by a blue shift in the fluorescence emission maximum of the peptide.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
[Treatment of diaphyseal femoral fractures in children: a clinical study]. (1999)

There was no statistical difference between the malunion rate of children treated by traction-spica cast and traction-functional brace. The functional brace appears to be a good alternative for the treatment for femoral shaft fracture in children allowing an earlier ambulation than spica cast.
Gender Differences of Adiponectin Levels Develop during the Progression of Puberty and Are Related to Serum Androgen Levels (2004)

Adiponectin is an adipocytokine with profound antidiabetic and antiatherogenic effects that is decreased in obesity. With the increasing prevalence of obesity and the emergence of related disorders, including type 2 diabetes in children, the regulation of adiponectin and its relationship to childhood obesity is of great interest. In this study we aimed to elucidate the impact of gender, pubertal development, and obesity on adiponectin levels in children. We investigated two phenotypically characterized cohorts of 200 normal weight and 135 obese children and adolescents covering a wide range of age (3.4-17.9 yr) and body mass index (-2.1 to +4.8 sd score). In healthy lean boys, adiponectin levels significantly declined in parallel with physical and pubertal development, subsequently leading to significantly reduced adiponectin levels in adolescent boys compared with girls (5.6 +/- 0.5 vs. 7.1 +/- 0.5 mg/liter; P = 0.03). This decline was inversely related to testosterone (r = -0.42; P < 0.0001) and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (r = -0.20; P = 0.0068) serum concentrations and may account for the gender differences seen in adults. Using a stepwise forward multiple regression model, pubertal stage was the strongest independent predictor of adiponectin (r(2) = 0.206; P < 0.0001), with additional influences of body mass index sd score and testosterone. Adiponectin levels were decreased in obese children and adolescents compared with lean peers of corresponding age and pubertal stage (5.18 vs. 7.13 mg/liter; P = 0.015). In obese children, adiponectin levels were closely associated with parameters related to the metabolic syndrome, such as insulin resistance, hyperinsulinemia, blood pressure, and uric acid, in univariate and multivariate analyses, with the insulin sensitivity index being the strongest independent parameter identified by stepwise forward multiple regression (r(2) = 0.226; P < 0.0001). Hence, there is a strong association of adiponectin serum concentrations with obesity, pubertal development, and metabolic parameters in children indicating epidemiological and pathophysiological relevance already in childhood.
PHEV Charging and Discharging Cooperation in V2G Networks: A Coalition Game Approach (2014)

Recently, plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) have attracted considerable attention as a sustainable transport system and also an essential component of the smart grid. With the rapid growth of PHEVs penetration, the charging and discharging of PHEVs will pose a significant impact on the residential electricity distribution network. For this reason, the management of PHEV charging and discharging has become one of the key issues in the research of PHEVs. In most existing work, PHEVs are supposed to operate individually for charging and discharging in the grid. However, we argue that, by leveraging the cooperation among PHEVs, the grid will efficiently stimulate PHEV users to charge in load valley and discharge in load peak. As a consequence, the electricity load is well balanced. Meanwhile, the PHEV users also achieve higher profit. The PHEV charging and discharging cooperation is a win-win strategy for both the grid and the PHEV users. We formulate and resolve the PHEV charging and discharging cooperation in the framework of coalition game. The simulation results indicate that the peak-valley difference in electricity load of the grid is significantly reduced. Besides, the PHEV users have better satisfaction in the vehicle battery status and the economic profit.
Correction Factor of Deviant Thermal Processes Applied to Packaged Heat Conduction Food (1982)

ABSTRACT A procedure was developed to estimate the values of correction factor, Cf, for deviant thermal processes applied to canned or other packaged heat conduction food. Sterilizing values at the thermal center of the food were used as a criterion for this estimation. In this procedure empirical heat transfer parameters, f and j values, were used to estimate Cf values. The devleoped procedure is based on the use of a regression equation, which was obtained through the dimensional and statistical analyses of theoretically determined Cf values. According to a series of experiments which were performed by using 307 × 409 and 211 × 300 cans of 8% bentonite suspension, there was reasonably good agreement in Cf values estimated theoretically and determined experimentally.
Subcarrier Power Loading for Coherent Optical OFDM optimized by Machine Learning (2019)

Enhanced power loading based on machine learned subcarrier interactions and nonlinear SNR progression is proposed to improve BER performance in optical coherent OFDM systems, achieving a gain of 0.5 dB in OSNR vs. classical schemes.
Technology and Archives in Radiology Research (2001)

Only a small percentage of published research studies required advanced technology and approximately one third of the studies used archiving. These results may suggest that other criteria, such as the design of the study, its relevance for daily clinical use, and the originality of the paper, have a major impact on the acceptance of papers in clinically oriented radiology journals.
Solid-phase peptide synthesis and solid-state NMR spectroscopy of [Ala3-15N][Val1]gramicidin A. (1988)

[Ala3-15N][Val1]Gramicidin A has been prepared by solid-phase peptide synthesis and studied by solid-state 15N nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The synthesis of desformyl[Ala3-15N][Val1]gramicidin A employed N-hydroxysuccinimide esters of 9-fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl-N alpha-amino acids and completely avoided the use of acid. Since deblocking was done with piperidine and the peptide was removed from the resin by treatment with ethanolamine, this synthetic protocol prevented oxidation of the indole rings of this tryptophan-rich peptide and reduced truncations produced by acid hydrolysis. After formylation and purification by anion-exchange and high-pressure liquid chromatography, the peptide was obtained in an overall yield of 30%. Solid-state 15N nuclear magnetic resonance spectra of this peptide and uniformly labeled [15N]gramicidin A' oriented in hydrated lipid bilayers have been obtained, allowing unambiguous assignment of the [15N]Ala3 resonance in the latter. The solid-state 15N nuclear magnetic resonance experiments provide evidence that [Val1]gramicidin A is rotating about an axis that is perpendicular to the plane of the lipid bilayer and that the N--H axis is nearly parallel with the rotational axis. This study demonstrates that site-specifically labeled [15N]gramicidin A analogs prepared by solid-phase peptide synthesis are valuable tools in the study of the solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance spectra of samples in oriented lipid bilayers.
MCP: Self-supervised Pre-training for Personalized Chatbots with Multi-level Contrastive Sampling (2022)

Personalized chatbots focus on endowing the chatbots with a consistent personality to behave like real users and further act as personal assistants. Previous studies have explored generating implicit user profiles from the user’s dialogue history for building personalized chatbots. However, these studies only use the response generation loss to train the entire model, thus it is prone to suffer from the problem of data sparsity. Besides, they overemphasize the final generated response’s quality while ignoring the correlations and fusions between the user’s dialogue history, leading to rough data representations and performance degradation. To tackle these problems, we propose a self-supervised learning framework MCP for capturing better representations from users’ dialogue history for personalized chatbots. Specifically, we apply contrastive sampling methods to leverage the supervised signals hidden in user dialog history, and generate the pre-training samples for enhancing the model. We design three pre-training tasks based on three types of contrastive pairs from user dialogue history, namely response pairs, sequence augmentation pairs, and user pairs. We pre-train the utterance encoder and the history encoder towards the contrastive objectives and use these pre-trained encoders for generating user profiles while personalized response generation. Experimental results on two real-world datasets show a significant improvement in our proposed model MCP compared with the existing methods.
Analysis of Herd Life in Guernsey Dairy Cattle (1992)

Heritabilities and genetic and phenotypic correlations for 48-and 72-mo herd life were estimated with multiple-trait REML, from sire models incorporating sire relationships. Two traits were defined for 48-and 72-mo herd life, true herd life and functional herd life, which were adjusted for milk production prior to culling. Heritabilities for 48-and 72-mo herd-life traits were low, ranging from .02 to .07; genetic correlations among herd-life traits ranged from .82 to .95, and phenotypic correlations ranged from .80 to .97. Genetic correlations be- tween the herd-life traits and first lactation milk, fat, and protein production ranged from .37 to .81. Genetic correlations were lower between functional herd life and milk, fat, and protein production than among true herd life and these same variables. Multipletrait REML from sire models, which included sire relationships, was used to estimate genetic and phenotypic correlations between 48-mo true or 48-mo functional herd life and linear type traits for registered Guernsey cattle. The genetic correlations were used to compute weights for indirect prediction of true and functional herd-life transmitting abilities from linear type traits transmitting abilities. The predic-
Diverse Roles of Growth Hormone and Insulin-Like Growth Factor-1 in Mammalian Aging: Progress and Controversies (2012)

Because the initial reports demonstrating that circulating growth hormone and insulin-like growth factor-1 decrease with age in laboratory animals and humans, there have been numerous studies related to the importance of these hormones for healthy aging. Nevertheless, the role of these potent anabolic hormones in the genesis of the aging phenotype remains controversial. In this chapter, we review the studies demonstrating the beneficial and deleterious effects of growth hormone and insulin-like growth factor-1 deficiency and explore their effects on specific tissues and pathology as well as their potentially unique effects early during development. Based on this review, we conclude that the perceived contradictory roles of growth hormone and insulin-like growth factor-1 in the genesis of the aging phenotype should not be interpreted as a controversy on whether growth hormone or insulin-like growth factor-1 increases or decreases life span but rather as an opportunity to explore the complex roles of these hormones during specific stages of the life span.
β-Aminosubstituted α,β-unsaturated Fischer carbene complexes as chemical multitalents (1996)

Abstract
Immersive Product Configurator for Conceptual Design (2007)

Currently, new product concepts are evaluated by developing detailed virtual part and assembly models with traditional Computer Aided Design (CAD) tools followed by appropriate analyses (e.g., finite element analysis, computational fluid dynamics, etc.). The creation of these models and analyses are tremendously time consuming. If a number of different conceptual configurations have been determined, it may not be possible to model and analyze each of them. Thus, promising concepts might be eliminated based solely on insufficient time to assess them. In addition, the virtual models and analyses performed are usually of much higher detail and accuracy than what is needed for such early assessment. By eliminating the time-consuming complexity of a CAD environment and incorporating qualitative assessment tools, engineers could spend more time evaluating additional concepts, which were previously abandoned due to time constraints. In this paper, a software framework, the Advanced Systems Design Suite (ASDS), for creating and evaluating conceptual design configurations in an immersive virtual reality environment is presented. The ASDS allows design concepts to be quickly modeled, analyzed, and visualized. It incorporates a PC user interface with an immersive virtual reality environment to ease the creation and assessment of conceptual design prototypes. The development of the modeling and assessment tools are presented along with a test case to demonstrate the usability and effectiveness of the framework.Copyright © 2007 by ASME
Thesis Proposal Update (2016)

Update to Thesis Proposal from 1995.
Study of the Dilution-Induced Deposition of Concentrated Mixtures of Polyelectrolytes and Surfactants (2022)

Mixtures of polyelectrolytes and surfactants are commonly used in many technological applications where the challenge is to provide well-defined modifications of the surface properties, as is the case of washing formulations in cosmetics. However, if contemporary experimental and theoretical methods can provide insights on their behavior in concentrated formulations, less is known on their behavior under practical use conditions, e.g., under dilution and vectorization of deposits. This makes it difficult to make predictions for specific performance, as, for example, good hair manageability after a shampoo or a comfortable sensorial appreciation after a skin cleanser. This is especially important when considering the formulation of new, more eco-friendly formulations. In this work, a detailed study of the phase separation process induced by dilution is described, as well as the impact on the deposition of conditioning material on negatively charged surfaces. In order to gain a more detailed physical insight, several polyelectrolyte-surfactant pairs, formed by two different polymers and five surfactants that, although non-natural or eco-friendly, can be considered as models of classical formulations, have been studied. The results evidenced that upon dilution the behavior, and hence its deposition onto the surface, cannot be predicted in terms of the behavior of simpler pseudo-binary (mixtures of a polymer and a surfactant) or pseudo-ternary mixtures (two polymers and a surfactant). In many cases, phase separation was observed for concentrations similar to those corresponding to the components in some technological formulations, whereas the latter appeared as monophasic systems. Therefore, it may be assumed that the behavior in multicomponent formulations is the result of a complex interplay of synergistic interactions between the different components that will require revisiting when new, more eco-sustainable ingredients are considered.