gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Energy Optimization in a Paper Mill Enabled by a Three-Site Energy Cooperation (2022)

Although there are opportunities to reduce electrical energy demand in unit processes of mechanical pulp-based paper and paperboard production, this may not be financially beneficial. This is generally because energy optimization opportunities connected to reduced refiner electricity demand in mechanical pulping systems also results in less steam available for the drying of the paper. As modern high consistency refiner systems produce approximately one ton of steam for each MWh of electricity when producing one ton of pulp, a reduction in electric energy demand leads to increased fuel demand in steam boilers to compensate for the steam shortage. In this study, we investigated what the financial and environmental situation would look like if we were to expand the system border from a paper mill to a larger system consisting of a mechanical pulp-based paper or paperboard mill, a district heating system with an incineration boiler and a chemical pulp mill. Mechanical pulp production has a wood to product yield of &gt;90%, a high electric energy demand to separate woodchips to pulp and is a net producer of heat and steam while chemical pulp-based production has a wood to product yield of 50%, a low electric energy demand and is a net heat and electricity producer due to the combustion of dissolved wood polymers. The aim of this research is to create useful and robust models of how to use excess heat from certain industry sites to cover the steam shortage in other industry sites by means of utilizing and optimizing the district heating systems connecting these sites. For this purpose, we used a simulation tool which dynamically allows us to evaluate different scenarios. Our results shows that there is great potential to reduce both carbon dioxide emissions and production costs for industry sites and society by means of these tools.
Deformation and fracture behavior of zircaloy-2 deformed at constant strain rate in iodine environment. I. Uniaxial tension test. (1979)

The relation between strain rate and iodine stress corrosion cracking (SCC) was studied on Zircaloy-2 subjected to uniaxial stress under constant extension rate in an iodine partial pressure of 4 Torr and at a temperature of 350°C. The specimens were machined from actual fuel cladding tube. In iodine environment, the tangentially directed specimens registered sharp decreases in stress beyond maximum point; this is attributed to crack initiation and propagation. Fracture ductility diminished with decreasing strain rate. Severe SCC was observed at strain rates below 2×10−3min−1. At high strain rates, the mechanism governing the rate of SCC appeared to be the time-dependent corrosion process. The axially directed specimens showed no signs of embrittlement due to gaseous iodine; this is attributed to the particular texture of the Zircaloy. Fracture surface observations indicated that transgranular cleavage fracture along the basal plane appeared to play a significant role in the stages of SCC initiation and propagation.
Synthesis and Spectroscopy of N3P3X5OCHCH2(X = Cl, F, OCH3, OCH2CF3, N(CH3)2) and N3P3X4(OCHCH2)2(X = Cl, N(CH3)2). Correlations of Ultraviolet Photoelectron Spectroscopy and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Data to Electronic and Geometrical Structure (2000)

The syntheses of the vinyloxycyclotriphosphazene derivatives N3P3X5OCH=CH2 (X = OMe, OCH2CF3) and the N3P3(NMe2)4(OCH=CH2)2 isomeric mixture along with improved preparations of N3P3X5OCH=CH2 (X = F, NMe2) are reported. The interactions between the vinyloxy function and the cyclophosphazene in these and the previously reported N3P3Cl5 (OCH=CH2) and N3P3F6-n(OCH=CH2)n (n = 1-4) have been examined by ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy (UPS) and NMR spectroscopy. The UPS data for the chloro and fluoro derivatives show a strong electron-withdrawing effect of the phosphazene on the olefin that is mediated with decreasing halogen substitution. The 1H and 13C NMR data for N3P3X5OCH=CH2 (X = F, Cl, OMe, OCH2CF3, NMe2) show significant changes as a function of the phosphazene substituent. There is a linear correlation between the beta-carbon chemical shift on the vinyloxy unit and the phosphorus chemical shift at the vinyloxyphosphorus centers. The chemical shifts of the different phosphorus centers on each ring are also related in a linear fashion. These relationships may be understood in terms of the relative electron donor-acceptor abilities of the substituents on the phosphazene ring. The 1H NMR spectra of the N3P3(NMe2)4(OCH-CH2)2 isomeric mixture allow for assignment of the relative amounts of cis and trans isomers. A model for the observed cis preference in the formation of N3P3Cl4(OCH=CH)2 is presented.
An Efficient Syntactic Web Service Composition Algorithm Based on the Planning Graph Model (2008)

In this paper, we have studied a common Web service composition problem, the syntactic matching problem, where the output parameters of a Web service can be used as the input parameters of another Web service. Many automatic Web service composition algorithms based on AI planning techniques have been proposed. However, most of them do not scale well when the number of Web services increases, or may miss finding a solution even if one exists. The planning graph, another AI planning technique, provides a unique search space. We have found that when we model the Web service composition problem as a planning graph, it actually provides a trivial solution to the problem. Instead of following the usual way to find a solution by a backward search, we put our efforts into removing the redundant Web services contained in the planning graph. Our approach can find a solution in polynomial time, but with possible redundant Web services. We have tested our algorithms on the data set used in ICEBEpsila05 and compared our results with existing methods.
The BeSt way of withdrawing biologic agents. (2013)

Data on infliximab discontinuation in the BeSt study suggest that this possible in 1 in 4 patients, or more if infliximab was the initial treatment, who have had at least 6 consecutive months of low disease activity. While MTX is continued, about 50% of patients can permanently stop infliximab without radiological damage progression, the others regain low disease activity after restarting infliximab. Treat to target strategies using biologic agents should include strategies for discontinuation.
Mesogenic Groups Control the Emitter Orientation in Multi‐Resonance TADF Emitter Films** (2023)

Abstract The use of thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) emitters and emitters that show preferential horizontal orientation of their transition dipole moment (TDM) are two emerging strategies to enhance the efficiency of OLEDs. We present the first example of a liquid crystalline multi‐resonance TADF (MR‐TADF) emitter, DiKTa‐LC . The compound possesses a nematic liquid crystalline phase between 80 °C and 110 °C. Importantly, the TDM of the spin‐coated film shows preferential horizontal orientation, with an anisotropy factor, a , of 0.28, which is preserved in doped poly(vinylcarbazole) films. Green‐emitting ( λ EL =492 nm) solution‐processed OLEDs based on DiKTa‐LC showed an EQE max of 13.6 %. We thus demonstrate for the first time how self‐assembly of a liquid crystalline TADF emitter can lead to the so‐far elusive control of the orientation of the transition dipole in solution‐processed films, which will be of relevance for high‐performance solution‐processed OLEDs.
Spatially Resolved Measurements of Krypton by Two-photon Absorption Laser Induced Fluorescence (TALIF) in a Barium Oxide Hollow Cathode Plasma (2023)

View Video Presentation: https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2023-4269.vid A current trend in electric propulsion (EP) is a shift from legacy propellant xenon to alternative propellants including krypton, driving a need for new plasma diagnostics targeted at these emerging propellants including neutral density measurement. The present work advances the Kr Two-Photon Absorption Laser Induced Fluorescence (TALIF) technique for spatially resolved, ground-state neutral density measurements and shows its application to a Barium Oxide (BaO) hollow cathode plasma. This study compares the three main laser wavelengths used for Kr TALIF, 212.6 nm, 214.7 nm, and 216.7 nm. We use a dye laser operating at 212.6 nm to induce TALIF signals in both cold flow krypton and the krypton plasma plume of the BaO cathode, comparing the cold flow results to output from a D2Q16 Lattice Boltzmann method cold flow model. The resultant fluorescence is detected at 758.7 nm. The cathode is movable within the vacuum chamber allowing spatially resolved measurements of krypton neutral densities. Spatial maps are obtained for a cathode flow rate of 7.5 SCCM and both 5 A and 13 A anode currents. These data can contribute to the understanding of facility effects in relation to cathode coupling as well as cathode physics such as collisional damping of instabilities. As the ratio of flow rate of Kr to HC current decreases, “plume” mode appears to be observed, and neutral depletion regions appear beneath the keeper orifice of the HC.
Proton, carbon-13, and nitrogen-15 NMR backbone assignments and secondary structure of human interferon-.gamma. (1992)

1H, 13C, and 15N NMR assignments of the protein backbone of human interferon-gamma, a homodimer of 31.4 kDa, have been made using the recently introduced three-dimensional (3D) triple-resonance NMR techniques. It is shown that, despite the approximately 40-50-Hz 13C alpha and 1H alpha line widths of this high molecular weight dimer and the extensive overlap in the 1H alpha and 13C alpha spectral regions, unique sequential assignments can be made on the basis of combined use of the 3D HNCO, HNCA, HN(CO)CA, and HCACO constant-time experiments, the 15N-separated 3D NOESY-HMQC, and the 3D HOHAHA-HMQC experiments. Analysis of the 15N-separated 3D NOESY-HMQC and 13C/15N-separated four-dimensional (4D) NOESY-HMQC spectra together with the secondary C alpha and C beta chemical shifts yielded extensive secondary structure information. The NMR-derived secondary structure essentially confirms results of a recently published low-resolution crystal structure [Ealick et al. (1991) Science 252, 698-702], i.e., six helices in the monomer which are mostly alpha-helical in nature, no beta-sheets, a long flexible loop between helices A and B, and a very hydrophobic helix C. The functionally important carboxy terminus, which was not observed in the X-ray study, does not adopt a rigid conformation in solution. A high degree of internal mobility, starting at Pro-123, gives rise to significantly narrower resonance line widths for these carboxy-terminal residues compared to the rest of the protein.
Nucleocytoplasmic Distribution Is Required for Activation of Resistance by the Potato NB-LRR Receptor Rx1 and Is Balanced by Its Functional Domains (2010)

Abstract The Rx1 protein, as many resistance proteins of the nucleotide binding–leucine-rich repeat (NB-LRR) class, is predicted to be cytoplasmic because it lacks discernable nuclear targeting signals. Here, we demonstrate that Rx1, which confers extreme resistance to Potato virus X, is located both in the nucleus and cytoplasm. Manipulating the nucleocytoplasmic distribution of Rx1 or its elicitor revealed that Rx1 is activated in the cytoplasm and cannot be activated in the nucleus. The coiled coil (CC) domain was found to be required for accumulation of Rx1 in the nucleus, whereas the LRR domain promoted the localization in the cytoplasm. Analyses of structural subdomains of the CC domain revealed no autonomous signals responsible for active nuclear import. Fluorescence recovery after photobleaching and nuclear fractionation indicated that the CC domain binds transiently to large complexes in the nucleus. Disruption of the Rx1 resistance function and protein conformation by mutating the ATP binding phosphate binding loop in the NB domain, or by silencing the cochaperone SGT1, impaired the accumulation of Rx1 protein in the nucleus, while Rx1 versions lacking the LRR domain were not affected in this respect. Our results support a model in which interdomain interactions and folding states determine the nucleocytoplasmic distribution of Rx1.
AVP-923, a combination of dextromethorphan hydrobromide and quinidine sulfate for the treatment of pseudobulbar affect and neuropathic pain. (2010)

AVANIR Pharmaceuticals Inc, under license from Irisys Research & Development, is developing AVP-923 (Zenvia, Neurodex) for the treatment of pseudobulbar affect (PBA; in collaboration with Medison Pharma Ltd) and neuropathic pain associated with diabetic peripheral neuropathy. PBA, the main indication of AVP-923, is a neurological disorder characterized by uncontrollable and unpredictable episodes of laughing and/or crying. AVP-923 consists of a combination of the NMDA antagonist/sigma1 receptor agonist dextromethorphan hydrobromide (DM) and the cytochrome P450 2D6 (CYP2D6) enzyme inhibitor quinidine sulfate (Q). DM has been under investigation for several years as a neuroprotective agent in stroke, neurosurgery and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS); however, it is rapidly metabolized by CYP2D6, reducing the drug's bioavailability at neuronal targets. The inclusion of Q inhibits the rapid first-pass metabolism of DM to increase systemic concentrations of the drug in the plasma and, in theory, increase the potential efficacy. The initial clinical data for AVP-923 in the treatment of PBA demonstrated the combination was effective, but exhibited significant side effects. Of particular concern to the FDA were increased QTc intervals reported in patients dosed with a 30-/30-mg dose of DM/Q. A subsequent phase III clinical trial assessing a lower dose of AVP-923 (20 or 30 mg DM/10 mg Q) for the treatment of PBA in patients with ALS or multiple sclerosis was implemented by AVANIR and demonstrated a favorable safety profile of AVP-923 while maintaining efficacy. Pending approval of the data from the FDA, AVP-923 would be the first FDA-approved treatment for PBA.
Trennpressen geschälter Rapssaat – Rheologische Eigenschaften des linear gepreßten Feststoffbettes (1997)

Abstract Mit diesem Beitrag werden der Vorgang des Abpressens von Öl aus einem biogenen Komprimat beschrieben und experimentelle Ergebnisse zu vier wesentlichen Einflußgrößen auf den Kompressionsvorgang in einer linearen Versuchskammer mitgeteilt. Kernfragen der physikalischen Modellierung sind die Verteilungen der Drücke und Porositäten im Komprimat sowie ihre Veränderungen wahrend des Komprimierens unter Einwirkung wesentlicher Einflußgrößen. Anhand der Strukturschemata des Rapsbruchkomprimats wird der Versuch unternommen, eine Vorstellung über das Zusammenwirken der Kernfleischpartikel und Hüllenfragmente in den verschiedenen Abschnitten des Trennpreßvorgangs zu entwickeln. Das Verständnis der mechanischen Eigenschaften des gepreßten Bettes erschließt sich über dessen Relaxationsverhalten: Die Kinetik des Spannungsabbaus verschafft Einblicke in die Wechselwirkung zwischen Feststoffmatrix und Flüssigkeit im Preßkuchen. Im experimentellen Teil des Beitrags werden Ergebnisse aus Relaxationsversuchen über den Einfluß von hydrothermischer Konditionierung, eines mechanischen Aufschlusses, des Hüllengehalts und der Preßtemperatur mitgeteilt und unter Bezug auf die im allgemeinen Teil aufgestellten Modelle zur Struktur und zum Relaxationsvorgang diskutiert. Abschließend wird gezeigt, daß die experimentellen Ergebnisse zur Relaxation durch eine mechanische Analogie phänomenologisch zu beschreiben und mit den vier postulierten Mechanismen in Übereinstimmung zu bringen sind.
High-Affinity Bent β2-Integrin Molecules in Arresting Neutrophils Face Each Other through Binding to ICAMs In cis (2019)

Leukocyte adhesion requires β<sub>2</sub>-integrin activation. Resting integrins exist in a bent-closed conformation-i.e., not extended (E<sup>-</sup>) and not high affinity (H<sup>-</sup>)-unable to bind ligand. Fully activated E<sup>+</sup>H<sup>+</sup> integrin binds intercellular adhesion molecules (ICAMs) expressed on the opposing cell in trans. E<sup>-</sup>H<sup>-</sup> transitions to E<sup>+</sup>H<sup>+</sup> through E<sup>+</sup>H<sup>-</sup> or through E<sup>-</sup>H<sup>+</sup>, which binds to ICAMs on the same cell in cis. Spatial patterning of activated integrins is thought to be required for effective arrest, but no high-resolution cell surface localization maps of activated integrins exist. Here, we developed Super-STORM by combining super-resolution microscopy with molecular modeling to precisely localize activated integrin molecules and identify the molecular patterns of activated integrins on primary human neutrophils. At the time of neutrophil arrest, E<sup>-</sup>H<sup>+</sup> integrins face each other to form oriented (non-random) nanoclusters. To address the mechanism causing this pattern, we blocked integrin binding to ICAMs in cis, which significantly relieved the face-to-face orientation.
Mixed Security Mode for the Two-Way Active Measurement Protocol (TWAMP) (2009)

This memo describes a simple extension to TWAMP (the Two-Way Active Measurement Protocol). The extension adds the option to use different security modes in the TWAMP-Control and TWAMP-Test protocols simultaneously. The memo also describes a new IANA registry for additional features, called the TWAMP Modes registry.
Modellierung zeitlichen Verhaltens (1992)

Alle Ereignisse in der Welt finden in der Zeit statt. Oft kann der zeitliche Gesichtspunkt in Beschreibungen vernachlässigt werden und zwar genau dann, wenn die betrachteten Phänomene ganz oder nahezu zeitlich invariant sind. Dies ist etwa der Fall bei geometrischen Untersuchungen oder der Erstellung der Statik für ein Haus. Bei den meisten Prozessen und Aktionen ist die Sache jedoch ganz anders gelagert. Man muß wissen, was früher und später ist, man muß Zeitdauern erörtern, gelegentlich Zeit einplanen und dergleichen mehr. Für alle diese Dinge ist es zweckmäßig, ein Zeitmodell zu haben, ganz unabhängig davon, ob man es nun explizit im System repräsentieren möchte oder nicht. Dabei sollte jedoch das Zeitmodell stets adäquat für die intendierte Anwendungsklasse sein, d.h. es sollte alle interessierenden Aspekte zu modellieren gestatten, aber nach Möglichkeit auch nicht unnötig mehr.
Catalysis and regulation in Rubisco (2007)

Ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco) catalyses the incorporation of inorganic CO(2) into the organic molecules of life. Rubisco is extremely inefficient as a catalyst and its carboxylase activity is compromised by numerous side-reactions including oxygenation of its sugar phosphate substrate by atmospheric O(2). The reduction in the catalytic efficiency as a result of these processes has implications for crop yield, nitrogen and water usage, and for the global carbon cycle. Several aspects of Rubisco including its complex biosynthesis and multi-step catalytic reaction are subject to tight control involving light, cellular metabolites, and molecular chaperones. Numerous high-resolution crystal structures of different forms of Rubisco are now available, including structures of mutant enzymes. These provide a molecular framework for the understanding of these processes at the molecular level.
Optimum window sizing for super-insulated passive in the Midwest using blast, a large hourly calculation computer based simulation program (1980)

Determining the optimum area of southern facing glass for super-insulated passive solar homes is an area of immediate concern for people in less than optimum solar heating areas such as the Midwest. In this study, the performance of residences of various window area, mass, and insulation were simulated using BLAST, a large hourly thermal simulation program with passive solar load capabilities. Weather tapes were employed in this study providing annual energy use information for options.
A true random number generator using time-dependent dielectric breakdown (2011)

A true random number generator (tRNG) is proposed that, for the first time, uses the random physical process of time to oxide breakdown under voltage stress. Time to breakdown is repeatedly measured with a counter and serialized into a bitstream. The 1200 µm2 tRNG, called OxiGen, was fabricated in 65 nm CMOS, passes all 15 NIST randomness tests without post-processing and in a 3 month run generated sufficient bits for worst-case expected internet use while being &#60; 10% exhausted.
Chaotic complex spreading sequences for asynchronous DS-CDMA. I. System modeling and results (1997)

This paper and its companion are devoted to the evaluation of the impact of chaos-based techniques on communications systems with asynchronous code division multiple access. Sequences obtained by repeating a truncated and quantized chaotic time series are compared with classical m-sequences and Gold sequences by means of a performance index taken from communication theory which is here defined and thoroughly discussed. This analysis reveals that, unlike conventional sequences, chaotic spreading codes can be generated for any number of users and allocated bandwidth. Numerical simulations are reported, showing that systems based on chaotic spreading sequences perform generally better than the conventional ones. Some analytical tools easing the comprehension of these advantages are summarized.
Cerebral Embolization During Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation (2012)

Procedural HITS were detected by transcranial Doppler in all patients. Although no difference was observed between the transfemoral and the transapical approach with the balloon-expandable ES stent valve, transfemoral TAVI with the self-expandable MCV prosthesis resulted in the greatest number of HITS, predominantly during implantation.
Contributions of chemical and diffusive exchange to T1ρ dispersion (2012)

Variations in local magnetic susceptibility may induce magnetic field gradients that affect the signals acquired for MR imaging. Under appropriate diffusion conditions, such fields produce effects similar to slow chemical exchange. These effects may also be found in combination with other chemical exchange processes at multiple time scales. We investigate these effects with simulations and measurements to determine their contributions to rotating frame (R1ρ ) relaxation in model systems. Simulations of diffusive and chemical exchange effects on R1ρ dispersion were performed using the Bloch equations. Additionally, R1ρ dispersion was measured in suspensions of Sephadex and latex beads with varying spin locking fields at 9.4 T. A novel analysis method was used to iteratively fit for apparent chemical and diffusive exchange rates with a model by Chopra et al. Single- and double-inflection points in R1ρ dispersion profiles were observed, respectively, in simulations of slow diffusive exchange alone and when combined with rapid chemical exchange. These simulations were consistent with measurements of R1ρ in latex bead suspensions and small-diameter Sephadex beads that showed single- and double-inflection points, respectively. These observations, along with measurements following changes in temperature and pH, are consistent with the combined effects of slow diffusion and rapid -OH exchange processes.
Exceptional points and their coalescence ofPT-symmetric interface states in photonic crystals (2019)

Interface modes that exist in the band gap of Hermitian systems are well studied. This work looks at the interface modes localized at the loss-gain boundary of 𝓟𝓣-symmetric photonic crystals. These interface bands exhibit zigzag dispersions that exist only in open systems, and the turning points are found to be exceptional points, which are characteristic of non-Hermitian systems. By building a non-Hermitian Hamiltonian model and an effective medium theory, the authors analyze the evolution of the interface bands as the system parameters change.