gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Illuminating the unknown: Development of emission-ratiometric, Zn(II)-selective fluorescent probes for two-photon excitation microscopy (2017)

Zinc plays critical roles as an essential trace micronutrient in biology by participating in multifarious biological processes that include protein synthesis, gene regulation, metabolic reactions, and DNA repair. While the majority of intracellular Zn(II) is tightly bound to endogenous proteins, there is growing evidence that cells regulate a buffered, kinetically labile pool of Zn(II). At present, the mechanisms that control Zn(II) regulation and distribution during cell growth and development largely remain unexplored, in part due to the challenges associated with phototoxicity and photobleaching of fluorescent probes that are used as indicators for detecting labile Zn(II) when utilized over extended periods of time. Providing an attractive solution over conventional linear optics, two-photon excitation microscopy (TPEM) allows fluorophores to be excited in the near-infrared region, thus offering improved depth penetration combined with reduced phototoxicity and photobleaching, as only fluorophores in the focal plane are excited. Take advantage of TPEM, a series of emission-ratiometric two-photon-excitable fluorescent probes that selectively bind Zn(II) with a 1:1 stoichiometry was developed and optimized for TPEM. Designed based on a non-centrosymmetric donor-π-acceptor architecture, the inherent fluorophore platform results in a balanced two photon cross section and a significant chromatic shift upon saturation with Zn(II). Using these optimized probes, the dynamics of labile Zn(II) pools in proliferating 3T3 mouse fibroblast cells using live-cell TPEM were investigated, with potential application in higher organisms, such as zebrafish and mice.
Consumer Electronics Is the Driver of Smart Cars [Notes from the Editor] (2018)

Presents the introductory editorial for this issue of the publication.
(2S)-Ethyl 2-[(Ss)-benzylsulfinylamino]-3,3-dimethylbutanoate (2008)

The title compound, C(15)H(23)NO(3)S, is an unexpected 1,3-migration product in the addition of benzyl-zinc bromide to N-tert-butane-sulfinyl imino-acetate. In the crystal structure, mol-ecules are linked by N-H⋯O hydrogen bonds and weak C-H⋯O hydrogen bonds.
Intermediates of Salicylic Acid Biosynthesis in Tobacco (1998)

Salicylic acid (SA) is an important component of systemic-acquired resistance in plants. It is synthesized from benzoic acid (BA) as part of the phenylpropanoid pathway. Benzaldehyde (BD), a potential intermediate of this pathway, was found in healthy and tobacco mosaic virus (TMV)-inoculated tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L. cv Xanthi-nc) leaf tissue at 100 ng/g fresh weight concentrations as measured by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. BD was also emitted as a volatile organic compound from tobacco tissues. Application of gaseous BD to plants enclosed in jars caused a 13-fold increase in SA concentration, induced the accumulation of the pathogenesis-related transcript PR-1, and increased the resistance of tobacco to TMV inoculation. [13C6]BD and [2H5]benzyl alcohol were converted to BA and SA. Labeling experiments using [13C1]Phe in temperature-shifted plants inoculated with the TMV showed high enrichment of cinnamic acids (72%), BA (34%), and SA (55%). The endogenous BD, however, contained nondetectable enrichment, suggesting that BD was not the intermediate between cinnamic acid and BA. These results show that BD and benzyl alcohol promote SA accumulation and expression of defense responses in tobacco, and provide insight into the early steps of SA biosynthesis.
Designing and Construction of a Cloning Vector Encoding mtb32C and mpt51 Fragments of Mycobacterium tuberculosis as a DNA Vaccine Candidate. (2018)

In this study, we constructed a cloning vector encoding <i>mtb32C/mpt51</i> gene of <i>M. tuberculosis</i>. The eukaryotic expression of this vector can be confirmed in future studies. It can be considered as a DNA vaccine in animal models later. Successful cloning provides a basis for the development of new DNA vaccines against TB.
Leveraging TOPMed imputation server and constructing a cohort-specific imputation reference panel to enhance genotype imputation among cystic fibrosis patients (2022)

Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a severe genetic disorder that can cause multiple comorbidities affecting the lungs, the pancreas, the luminal digestive system and beyond. In our previous genome-wide association studies (GWAS), we genotyped approximately 8,000 CF samples using a mixture of different genotyping platforms. More recently, the Cystic Fibrosis Genome Project (CFGP) performed deep (approximately 30×) whole genome sequencing (WGS) of 5,095 samples to better understand the genetic mechanisms underlying clinical heterogeneity among patients with CF. For mixtures of GWAS array and WGS data, genotype imputation has proven effective in increasing effective sample size. Therefore, we first performed imputation for the approximately 8,000 CF samples with GWAS array genotype using the Trans-Omics for Precision Medicine (TOPMed) freeze 8 reference panel. Our results demonstrate that TOPMed can provide high-quality imputation for patients with CF, boosting genomic coverage from approximately 0.3-4.2 million genotyped markers to approximately 11-43 million well-imputed markers, and significantly improving polygenic risk score (PRS) prediction accuracy. Furthermore, we built a CF-specific CFGP reference panel based on WGS data of patients with CF. We demonstrate that despite having approximately 3% the sample size of TOPMed, our CFGP reference panel can still outperform TOPMed when imputing some CF disease-causing variants, likely owing to allele and haplotype differences between patients with CF and general populations. We anticipate our imputed data for 4,656 samples without WGS data will benefit our subsequent genetic association studies, and the CFGP reference panel built from CF WGS samples will benefit other investigators studying CF.
Laser‐assisted depigmentation for resistant vitiligo: a retrospective case series with long‐term follow‐up (2012)

Sixteen areas of normally pigmented skin were treated in six patients. The median number of sessions to achieve a complete depigmentation was 2 (1-6). The mean duration of follow-up was 36 months (19-120). One third of the patients had no relapse. A complete repigmentation was observed after 21 months in one patient; a 50% repigmentation was noted in one patient, 7 months after the end of the treatment. Two patients showed a minimal repigmentation (<25%), 18 months and 9 years after the first laser treatments. The repigmentations were effectively treated with a maintenance session. The mean total number of sessions performed during this period was 3 (1-20). Side-effects were limited to transient purpura and crusts. The satisfaction of the patients was excellent (mean 9/10). conclusions: QS lasers appear as an efficient and safe modality for depigmenting normal skin in vitiligo.
Overview of Polymer Photophysics (1987)

In order to write a complete review of polymer photophysics, one would need a series of books dedicated to each of the important aspects of this continually developing field. There are already a number of excellent collections and reviews (1-17) on polymer photophysics to which the reader is referred. The book by Guillet (1) is particularly instructive as an overview of polymer photophysics and for that matter to the whole field of polymer photochemistry and is highly recommended to anyone who wishes to gain a rapid, but thorough introduction to the area. This introductory chapter is designed to introduce the reader to the current status of polymer photophysics. By analogy with small molecule photophysics, luminescence can be classified as fluorescence or phosphorescence depending on whether emission occurs from a singlet state or a triplet state, respectively. Polymer photophysics, both in its historical development as well as its current practice, can
Automatic Fall Monitoring: A Review (2014)

Falls and fall-related injuries are major incidents, especially for elderly people, which often mark the onset of major deterioration of health. More than one-third of home-dwelling people aged 65 or above and two-thirds of those in residential care fall once or more each year. Reliable fall detection, as well as prevention, is an important research topic for monitoring elderly living alone in residential or hospital units. The aim of this study is to review the existing fall detection systems and some of the key research challenges faced by the research community in this field. We categorize the existing platforms into two groups: wearable and ambient devices; the classification methods are divided into rule-based and machine learning techniques. The relative merit and potential drawbacks are discussed, and we also outline some of the outstanding research challenges that emerging new platforms need to address.
Modification of Randomness by Transesterification of Thermotropic Liquid Crystalline Copolyesters (1999)

Several different liquid crystalline copolyesters were thermally posttreated above their melt transition temperatures to increase their degree of randomness. Both poly(ethoxyphenylene terephthalate-co-ethylene terephthalate)s (poly(EPT-co-ET)) and poly(phenylphenylene terephthalate-co-ethylene terephthalate)s (poly(PPT-co-ET)) were prepared in 70:30 mole ratios of EPT:ET and PPT:ET and thermally randomized. The randomization reactions were controlled by variations in the duration and temperature of the reaction. The compositions of the copolymers remained constant in these reactions while the comonomer sequence distribution was changed. The inherent viscosities of the copolymers increased as a result of the reaction presumably because of increases in molecular weight. Increased randomness resulted in decreased crystallinities of the copolyesters, as observed by reduced enthalpies of fusion and crystallization, lower melt transitions, and lower crystallization temperatures.
Quantification of collagen and elastic fibers using whole‐slide images of liver biopsy specimens (2013)

Histological evaluation of fibrosis after a liver biopsy is crucial for evaluating the pathology of patients with chronic liver disease. Previous studies have reported quantitative analyses of fibrosis using images of collagen-stained sections. However, analysis of these studies requires manual selection of the region of interest. In addition, the quantification of elastic fibers is not considered. The present study was conducted in order to measure both the collagen and elastic fiber area ratios using Elastica van Gieson-stained whole-slide images (WSIs) of liver biopsy specimens. High-resolution WSIs provide precise color classification, enabling accurate detection of even fine collagen and elastic fibers. To minimize the influence of pre-existing fibrous tissue, median area ratios of the collagen and elastic fibers were independently calculated from the image tiles of the WSIs. These median area ratios were highly concordant with area ratios after the pre-existing fibrous tissues were manually trimmed from the WSI. Further, these median area ratios were correlated with liver stiffness as measured by transient elastography (collagen: r = 0.73 [P < 0.01], elastic: r = 0.53 [P < 0.01]). Our approach to quantifying liver fibrosis will serve as an effective tool to evaluate liver diseases in routine practice.
Optical fiber gas sensor based on self-assembled gratings (2001)

The electrostatic self-assembled monolayer synthesis process is used to fabricate gas sensors by building up grating sensor elements on the ends of multimode optical fibers. These novel sensors can be designed to operate in the transmission windows of standard optical fibers and implemented using specific reference wavelengths to normalize the output signals. Experimental results for such sensors designed to detect dichloromethane gas are presented.
Investigation of the impact of electric vehicles on the German market for control reserve (2015)

The opening of the market for control reserve for new technologies enables the integration of electric vehicles (EVs) into this market and to generate potential revenue for the car owner. The intent of this paper is to investigate the impact of EVs and their additional bids on the German market for control reserve. This paper investigates the influence of the variation of bids in context of cost and revenues and identifies the amount of balancing energy that is provided by different bids normalized to a single EV. This happens with the aim of a model which contains, within the framework of the current design of the market for control reserve, a synthetic demand signal for negative secondary control reserve (SCR), a data set with real tender information and fictitious bids. As result, the paper presents bid variations, which leading to attractive revenues and provide an incentive to participate in the German market for control re-serves.
MRI-Guided Thrombolysis for Stroke with Unknown Time of Onset (2018)

In patients with acute stroke with an unknown time of onset, intravenous alteplase guided by a mismatch between diffusion-weighted imaging and FLAIR in the region of ischemia resulted in a significantly better functional outcome and numerically more intracranial hemorrhages than placebo at 90 days. (Funded by the European Union Seventh Framework Program; WAKE-UP ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT01525290; and EudraCT number, 2011-005906-32 .).
Reusable architecture for data-centric network management systems (2003)

This paper describes a reusable architecture that has been used to develop network management systems for data-centric satellite-based networks. The satellite-transport characteristics and networks impose unique constraints on the management systems. Under the data-centric scheme, the manager keeps the network configuration management information that is automatically downloaded by the agents residing on the managed devices. An exclusive use of standards-based off-the-shelf network management platforms does not directly address all requirements for data-centric management of large satellite networks. The architecture described here is based on an integration scheme, called DBMS-based auto discovery. This scheme keeps relational DBMS and NM platforms in synchronization. The integration scheme preserves the desirable development and operational features of both the NM platform and the DBMS and leads to significant savings in development effort and time.
Development and testing of a visualization application software, implemented with wireless control system in smart home care (2014)

Abstract This article describes the development of a visualization application software used to control operational and technical functions in the Smart Home system or Smart Home Care system via the wireless xComfort control system. Graphic visualization of a home electrical control system gives the user unprecedented comfort when controlling home systems. The user is able to obtain the information necessary to optimise the management of operational and technical functions in the building as well as information about energy consumption. Selected definitions of requirements for the visualization system, online access via the Internet, control via USB interface, and control requirements executed via mobile phone are the reasons why these technical elements were selected. This article describes their mutual relations, functions and connections within the system. At the end of this article we propose a method to test the reliability of the created software application as well as the wireless xComfort system under different conditions which stimulate different implementation methods applicable to a real building/apartment unit. Measurement results can be used for the actual installation process and for optimal implementation of the active elements of the wireless system.
Investigation of the temperature dependence of dielectric relaxation in liquid water by THz reflection spectroscopy and molecular dynamics simulation (1997)

We report measurements of the real and imaginary part of the dielectric constant of liquid water in the far-infrared region from 0.1 to 2.0 THz in a temperature range from 271.1 to 366.7 K. The data have been obtained with the use of THz time domain reflection spectroscopy, utilizing ultrashort electromagnetic pulses generated from a photoconductive antenna driven by femtosecond laser pulses. A Debye model with an additional relaxation time is used to fit the frequency dependence of the complex dielectric constants. We obtain a fast (fs) and a Debye (ps) relaxation time for the macroscopic polarization. The corresponding time correlation functions have been calculated with molecular dynamics simulations and are compared with experimental relaxation times. The temperature dependence of the Debye relaxation time is analyzed using three models: Transition state theory, a Debye–Stoke–Einstein relation between the viscosity and the Debye time, and a model stating that its temperature dependence can be extrapolated from a singularity of liquid water at 228 K. We find an excellent agreement between experiment and the two latter models. The simulations, however, present results with too large statistical error for establishing a relation for the temperature dependence.
Hérédité épigénétique chez la souris : implication d'ARN et de microARN (2007)

By contrast with a wide definition of the 'epigenetic variation', including all changes in gene expression that do not result from alteration of the gene structure, a more restricted class had been defined, initially in plants, under the name 'paramutation'. It corresponds to epigenetic modifications distinct from the regulatory interactions of the cell differentiation pathways, mitotically stable and sexually transmitted with non-Mendelian patterns. This class of epigenetic changes appeared for some time restricted to the plant world, but examples progressively accumulated of epigenetic inheritance in organisms ranging from mice to humans. Occurrence of paramutation in the mouse and possible mechanisms were then established in the paradigmatic case of a mutant phenotype maintained and hereditarily transmitted by wild type homozygotes. Together with recent findings in plants indicative of a necessary step of RNA amplification in the reference maize paramutation, the mouse studies point to a new role of RNA, as an inducer and hereditary determinant of epigenetic variation. Given the known presence of a wide range of RNAs in human spermatozoa, as well as a number of unexplained cases of familial disease predisposition and transgenerational maintenance, speculations can be extended to possible roles of RNA-mediated inheritance in human biology and pathology.
Comparative Analysis of 3-D Robot Teleoperation Interfaces With Novice Users (2010)

Being able to act remotely in our homes could be very useful in providing various services such as surveillance and remote interventions, which are key features for telehomecare applications. In addition to navigation and environmental challenges that a telepresence robot would face in home settings, the system requires an appropriate teleoperation interface for safe and efficient usage by novice users. This paper describes the design criteria and characterizes visualization and control modalities of user interfaces with a real robot. By considering the user's needs along with the current state of the art in teleoperation interfaces, two novel mixed-reality visualization modalities are compared with standard video-centric and map-centric perspectives. We report teleoperation trials under six different task scenarios with a sample of 37 novice operators in homelike conditions. The results based on three quantitative metrics and one qualitative metric outline under which conditions the novel mixed-reality visualization modalities significantly improve the performance of novice users.
Linaclotide Treatment Results in Significant Improvements in Abdominal and Bowel Symptoms in IBS-C Patients with Severe Abdominal Pain at Baseline (2010)

Purpose: Linaclotide (LIN), an investigational, minimally absorbed guanylate cyclase-C agonist, statistically significantly improved measures of abdominal and bowel symptoms in a Phase 2b study of patients with irritable bowel syndrome with constipation (IBS-C). Changes in IBS-related endpoints were assessed following LIN treatment in the subset of IBS-C patients with severe abdominal pain (SP) at baseline.Table: [1341] Least squares mean changes from baseline and responder ratesMethods: In this randomized, multicenter, double-blind, placebo (PBO)-controlled study, patients meeting Rome II criteria for IBS-C were randomized to receive either daily PBO or 75, 150, 300, or 600 μg LIN for 12 weeks. The results presented are for patients with SP (“severe”/“very severe” abdominal pain during ≥ 50% of the 2-week baseline period) receiving PBO or 300 μg LIN (LIN-300). Endpoints included mean change from baseline to the 12-week treatment period in abdominal symptoms (pain, discomfort, and bloating), bowel symptoms (SBMs [spontaneous bowel movements]/week, CSBMs [complete SBMs]/week, stool consistency, and straining) and responder rates for abdominal pain (≥ 30% improvement for ≥ 6/12 weeks), CSBMs (increase from baseline of ≥ 1 for ≥ 6/12 weeks), and 12-week overall abdominal pain/CSBM responders (≥ 30% improvement in abdominal pain and an increase of ≥ 1 CSBM/week from baseline for 6/12 weeks). Results: LIN-300 resulted in significant improvements in abdominal and bowel symptoms and responder rates in IBS-C patients with SP compared to PBO (Table), consistent with findings in the overall intent-to-treat population. Diarrhea was the most common treatment-related adverse event, occurring in 13.6% of LIN-300 SP patients and zero PBO patients. Conclusion: In patients with SP at baseline, LIN-300 treatment resulted in statistically significant improvement over PBO in endpoints related to abdominal and bowel symptoms, and in responder rates for abdominal pain, CSBMs, and overall abdominal pain/CSBMs. Diarrhea was the most common adverse event. Disclosure: A. Lembo - Paid Consultant: Ironwood Pharmaceuticals. B. Lavins, J. MacDougall, C. Kurtz, M. Currie, and J. Johnston - Employees of and owners of stock/stock options in Ironwood Pharmaceuticals. Disclosure: Funded by Ironwood Pharmaceuticals.
A Proof-of-Concept Study of the Efficacy of Systemically Administered Polymyxins in Mouse Burn Wound Infection Caused by Multidrug-Resistant Gram-Negative Pathogens (2018)

The efficacy of subcutaneously administered polymyxins against burn wound infections caused by <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i>, <i>Acinetobacter baumannii</i>, and <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i> was examined in a murine infection model. Subcutaneously administered colistin and polymyxin B (30 mg/kg thrice daily) achieved a ≥2-log<sub>10</sub> reduction in the bacterial load for <i>P. aeruginosa</i> and <i>A. baumannii</i> infections, whereas wound infections by <i>K. pneumoniae</i> were less responsive (<1-log<sub>10</sub> reduction). This study highlights the potential therapeutic benefits of parenteral polymyxins for treating burn wound infections.