gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Selective catalytic reduction of NO over supported silver catalysts—practical and mechanistic aspects (2006)

Selective catalytic reduction of NO by hydrocarbons (HC-SCR) is one of the promising technologies for removal of NO in exhausts containing excess oxygen, such as diesel and lean burn gasoline engines. Supported Ag catalysts, especially Ag/Al2O3, are thought to be the promising candidates for use in diesel exhausts, as confirmed by several reports on engine bench tests. The HC-SCR performance of supported Ag catalysts is very sensitive to the reaction conditions, especially the type of hydrocarbons and the addition of H2. The control of reaction conditions would be key for practical use. The current research of supported Ag catalysts is reviewed from the viewpoints of practical use and the reaction mechanism, i.e., the reaction scheme, the role of surface adsorbed species, and the structure of active Ag species.
In vitrohuman chondrocyte culture on plasma-treated poly(glycerol sebacate) scaffolds (2015)

Porous poly(glycerol sebacate) (PGS) scaffolds were prepared using a salt leaching technique and subsequently surface modified by a low oxygen plasma treatment prior to the use in the in vitro culture of human chondrocytes. Condensation polymerization of glycerol and sebacic acid used at various mole ratios, i.e. 1:1, 1:1.25, and 1:1.5, was initially conducted to prepare PGS prepolymers. Porous elastomeric PGS scaffolds were directly fabricated from the mixtures of each prepolymer and 90% (w/w) NaCl particles and then subjected to the plasma treatment to enhance the surface hydrophilicity of the materials. The properties of both untreated and plasma-treated PGS scaffolds were comparatively evaluated, in terms of surface morphology, surface chemical composition, porosity, and storage modulus using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, micro-computed tomography, and dynamic mechanical analysis, respectively. The responses of chondrocytes cultured on individual PGS scaffolds were assessed, in terms of cell proliferation and ECM production. The results revealed that average pore sizes and porosity of the scaffolds were increased with an increasing sebacic acid concentration used. The storage moduli of the scaffolds were raised after the plasma treatment, possibly due to the further crosslinking of PGS upon treatment. Moreover, the scaffold prepared with a higher sebacic acid content demonstrated a greater capability of promoting cell infiltration, proliferation, and ECM production, especially when it was plasma-treated; the greatest HA, sGAG, uronic acid, and collagen contents were detected in matrix of this scaffold. The H & E and safranin O staining results also strongly supported this finding. The storage modulus of the scaffold was intensified after incubation with the chondrocytes for 21 days, indicating the accretion and retention of matrix ECM on the cell-cultured scaffold.
Pump statistics and photon statistics in the micromaser (1992)

The statistics of the beam of excited atoms that pumps a micromaser influence the photon number distribution of the cavity field. Of the cases studied so far, regular injection statistics minimize the number fluctuations and Poisson statistics maximize them. Here we extend these studies in two directions. Previous master equations describing sub-Poissonian injection statistics were derived by using standard reservoir theory. Recently, corrections to these equations have been found that involve the commutator of the gain and loss operators. Describing the system by a discrete map, we can avoid the approximations inherent in reservoir theory. The results are compared to those of the master equation. Differences are found to be small for large photon number but increasingly important for decreasing photon number and pump beam intensity, indicating the breakdown of reservoir theory in this regime. We give an approximate expression for the photon number distribution for weak damping and discuss its connection with semiclassical theory. Finally, we generalize our treatment for super-Poissonian pump fluctuations.
A Case of Oral Lichen Planus with Chronic Hepatitis C Successfully Treated by Glycyrrhizin (1995)

[in Japanese]
Non-Additive Effects of Ionizing Radiation and Hydrogen on Optical Fiber Attenuation (2022)

Optical fibers having various dopants (pure silica, fluorine, germanium and phosphorous) were consecutively exposed to ionizing radiation (gamma or beta) and hydrogen-rich environments. The attenuation spectra measured before, in-between and after the exposures displayed impacts of the radiation and hydrogen as optical loss factors. Their intermediate and ultimate losses were found to drastically depend upon the dopant type. The fibers with pure silica and fluorine-doped cores behaved as most immune to the applied conditions. The irradiated germanium-doped fibers were found to be much more sensitive to hydrogen than the as drawn fibers, which is explained by development of radiation-induced reactive sites in the fiber, that further promote interactions with hydrogen. In contrast, the irradiated phosphorous-doped fiber displayed a strong hydrogen-induced bleaching at longer wavelengths (&gt;1000&#x00A0;nm), which was attributed to hydrogen reacted at P1 defect sites. A carbon coating present on one of the studied P-doped fibers was shown to prevent the bleaching.
Abstract 5226: Non-canonical functions of TERT in glioblastoma pathobiology (2019)

Mutations in the promotor region of TERT are the most common non-coding mutations across cancers, especially in glioblastoma (GBM), which has a TERT mutation frequency rate over 80%. In the absence of any effective molecular targeting therapy for GBM, elucidating oncogenic signaling of TERT could open new avenues in GBM treatment. Canonically, mutations of TERT, which result in TERT upregulation, maintain telomere length in the nucleus and promote indefinite proliferation of cancer cells. However, a non-canonical function of TERT in the mitochondria has recently been suggested. We screened GBM cell models against a novel small molecule inhibitor (RG1534, Reglagene Inc.) that interferes with the functionality of a mutated hTERT promoter. RG1534 selectively suppresses glioma cell viability without affecting non-transformed normal human astrocytes. More interestingly, RG1534 treatment leads to rapid apoptosis induction in glioma cell lines that does not correlate with the time course of the telomere shortening effect. We further validated this rapid apoptosis behavior in glioma cell lines using siRNA and CRISPR/Cas-9 mediated hTERT knockdown. We also measured the protein expression of TERT in subcellular fractions of glioma cell lines and demonstrated the presence of higher TERT expression in mitochondrial extract compared to the nuclear extract. Finally, using MitoSOX dye we demonstrated significant increase of ROS generation in glioma cells treated with RG1534 as compared to control. In summary, our results demonstrate that non-canonical functions of TERT may play critical role in glioma pathobiology and require more detail investigation.Citation Format: Shayesteh R. Ferdosi, Saumya Bollam, Sen Peng, Brett Taylor, Vijay Gokhale, Laurence Hurley, Michael Berens, Harshil Dhruv. Non-canonical functions of TERT in glioblastoma pathobiology [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 5226.
The Fabrication Process of RF Inductor Structures in the LTCC Technology (2007)

This paper introduces the LTCC as a novel technology for the fabrication of multilayer microelectronic components. Advantages of the multilayer structure will be presented on the example of the 3D inductor.
EFFECT OF COMBINED BETA-ALANINE AND CREATINE MONOHYDRATE SUPPLEMENTATION ON EXERCISE PERFORMANCE (2003)

Carnosine contributes to physico-chemical buffering of H+ in muscle by virtue of its histidine residue which exhibits a pKa of 6.83. Carnosine (β-alanylhistidine) is synthesised in muscle from its 2 constituent amino acids of which β-alanine (β-Ala) appears to be limiting. β-Ala is normally obtained from ex-muscle synthesis or meat ingestion. PURPOSE To investigate if β-Ala supplementation increases the capacity to undertake intense exercise normally associated with lactate accumulation. METHODS 28 healthy male subjects (24–30 years; 65–95kg), active in one or more sport, were supplemented with (a) (4 × 800 mg).d−1 β-Ala for 5w with (4 × 5g).d−1 creatine monohydrate (CrM) during the 5th week (n = 10); (b) (4 × 800mg).d−1 placebo for 5w with (4 × 5g).d−1 CrM over the 5th week (n = 9); (c) (4 × 800mg).d−1 matching placebo for 5w with an additional (4 × 5g).d−1 placebo replacing the CrM during the 5th week (n = 9). Treatments were allocated randomly and the study conducted double blind. Isometric endurance at 50% MVC and power output during a 4 min all-out maximal ergometer exercise (PO4max) were assessed before and at the end of the 5th week. RESULTS The mean endurance at 50% MVC and the product of force × time showed a small and equal increase in (a) and (b) relative to (c) though this was not significant. PO4max was increased in (a) >(b) >(c) (38.2, 8.7 and −1.6W, respectively). The contrast of (a) with (b) or (c) was significant (P < 0.05) but not (b) with (c). Most of the gain in PO in (a) occurred during the 1 minute of exercise. CONCLUSION Supplementation with β-Ala increases maximal PO during the first minute of maximal dynamic exercise before full cardiovascular adjustment occurs, probably as a result of an increase in H+ buffering by muscle carnosine.
Genetic Characterization of Antibiotic Resistance in EnteropathogenicEscherichia coliCarrying Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamases Recovered from Diarrhoeic Rabbits (2009)

A total of 52 Escherichia coli strains isolated from diarrhoeic rabbits were investigated for their enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC) pathotype by PCR amplification of eae and bfp virulence genes. A total of 22 EPEC isolates were identified, serotyped and studied for antibiotic resistance and screened for the detection of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs). The EPEC isolates belonged to three serogroups (O26, O92 and O103). The most common serogroup (O103:K-:H2) was observed among 17 EPEC strains, the O92:K-serogroup in three isolates (the antibiotic sensitive ones) and the remaining O26:K-serogroup in two isolates (the ESBLs isolates). Resistances to ampicillin and tetracycline were the most frequent and detected followed by resistance to nalidixic acid, streptomycin, trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole, cefoxitin, gentamicin and ciprofloxacin. All the isolates were sensitive for amikacin, ceftazidime, aztreonam, imipenem, chloramphenicol, tobramycin and amoxicillin + clavulanic acid. Two isolates recovered from two adult animals showed an intermediate susceptibility to cefotaxime, and a positive screening test for ESBL was demonstrated in both. The bla(TEM) gene was demonstrated in the majority of ampicillin-resistant isolates. The aac(3)-II or aac(3)-IV genes were detected in the four gentamicin-resistant isolates. In addition, the aadA gene was detected in 60% of streptomycin-resistant isolates. The tet(A) or tet(B) genes were identified in all tetracycline-resistant isolates. A total of nine EPEC isolates showed the phenotype SXT-resistant, and the sul1 and/or sul2 and/or sul3 genes were detected in all of them. Our findings showed that the molecular detection by the eae and bfp genes by PCR followed by serotyping is useful for monitoring trends in EPEC infections of rabbits allowing the identification of their possible reservoirs. The detection of genes involved in the resistance to antibiotics of different families in a relatively high proportion of faecal E. coli isolates of rabbits is of great interest and could be considered a serious public health problem.
Clinical variable-based cluster analysis identifies novel subgroups with a distinct genetic signature, lipidomic pattern and cardio-renal risks in Asian patients with recent-onset type 2 diabetes (2022)

Cluster analysis on clinical variables identified novel subgroups with distinct genetic, lipidomic signatures and varying cardio-renal risks in South East Asian participants with type 2 diabetes. Our study suggests that this easily actionable approach may be adapted in other ethnic populations to stratify the heterogeneous type 2 diabetes population for precision medicine.
Post-translational modification of rat immunoglobulins synthesized in the Xenopus oocyte translation system. (1979)

The post-translational modification of rat immunoglobulin synthesised in Xenopus laevis oocytes was studied. The major products of translation of rat spleen poly-(A) containing mRNA were found to be assembled 7S immunoglobulin molecules indicating extensive modification of primary translation products. The possibility that these immunoglobulin molecules might include antibodies of defined specificity was investigated using spleen mRNA from rats hyperimmunized with ferritin and keyhole limpet haemocyanin. The presence of antibodies to immunizing antigen in oocyte translation products was determined by affinity chromatography on Sepharose-antigen columns and the synthesis of Sepharose-antigen binding antibodies was observed, equivalent to 2.5-3% of total immunoglobulins. The oocyte produced antibodies were of the same immunoglobulin class as the circulating antibodies from the immunized rats.
ChemInform Abstract: Imine Substituent Effects on (2 + 2) Cycloadditions with Ketenes. (1996)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Continuous Mesothelial Injury and Regeneration during long Term Peritoneal Dialysis (1987)

This study reconstructs the whole sequence of mesothelial injury and regeneration in patients on longterm peritoneal dialysis. Our observations indicate that peritoneal dialysis induces a process of continuous mesothelial injury and regeneration. New mesothelial cells seem to originate from wandering mesothelial cells of the peritoneal fluid, as well as from mesothelial cell precursors localized in the sub-mesothelial connective tissue.
Comparison of Effective and Ineffective Target Sites That Demonstrate Concealed Entrainment in Patients With Coronary Artery Disease Undergoing Radiofrequency Ablation of Ventricular Tachycardia (1997)

The positive predictive value of concealed entrainment for identification of successful ablation sites in patients with sustained ventricular tachycardia and coronary artery disease can be significantly enhanced by the presence of associated mapping criteria, particularly an isolated mid diastolic potential that cannot be dissociated from the tachycardia.
Supplementary Figure S1 from Telomerase Reverse Transcriptase Promoter Mutations Identify a Genomically Defined and Highly Aggressive Human Pleural Mesothelioma Subgroup (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Figure S1. Representative sequencing charts of the TERT promoter region harboring activating mutations.&lt;/p&gt;
Attack Forecast and Prediction (2021)

Cyber-security has emerged as one of the most pressing issues for society with actors trying to use offensive capabilities and those who try to leverage on defensive capabilities to secure their assets or knowledge. However, in cyber-space attackers oftentimes have a significant first mover advantage leading to a dynamic cat and mouse game with defenders. Cyber Threat Intelligence (CTI) on past attacks bears potentials that can be used by means of predictive analytics to minimize the attackers first mover advantage. Yet, attack prediction is not an established means and automation levels are low. Within this work, we present Attack Forecast and Prediction (𝐴𝐹 𝑃) which is based on MITRE Adversarial Tactics, Techniques and Common Knowledge (ATT&amp;CK). 𝐴𝐹 𝑃 consists of three modules representing different analytical procedures which are clustering, time series analysis, and genetic algorithms. 𝐴𝐹 𝑃 identifies trends in the usage of attack techniques and crafts forecasts and predictions on future malware and the attack techniques used. We rely on time sorting to generate subgraphs of MITRE ATT&amp;CK and evaluate the accuracy of predictions generated by 𝐴𝐹 𝑃 based on these. Results of an experiment performed on the basis of 493 different malware, validate the utility of using 𝐴𝐹 𝑃 for attack prediction. 𝐴𝐹 𝑃 reaches for each module an F-score which is higher than an extrapolation of observed probabilities (baseline) with an F-score of up to 0.83 for a single module. It can hence be considered an effective means for predicting future attack patterns and help security professionals with preparing for future attacks.
Analysis of Protein Expression Profile in the Cerebellum of Cerebral Infarction Rats After Treadmill Training (2010)

The 25-kDa synaptosomal-associated protein and glial fibrillary acidic protein may be related to the underlying mechanisms of improvement of motor coordination and exercise-induced angiogenesis, that is, remodeling of synaptic connections and proliferation of astroglial cells, respectively.
An Innovative Arteriovenous (AV) Loop Breast Cancer Model Tailored for Cancer Research (2022)

Animal models are important tools to investigate the pathogenesis and develop treatment strategies for breast cancer in humans. In this study, we developed a new three-dimensional in vivo arteriovenous loop model of human breast cancer with the aid of biodegradable materials, including fibrin, alginate, and polycaprolactone. We examined the in vivo effects of various matrices on the growth of breast cancer cells by imaging and immunohistochemistry evaluation. Our findings clearly demonstrate that vascularized breast cancer microtissues could be engineered and recapitulate the in vivo situation and tumor-stromal interaction within an isolated environment in an in vivo organism. Alginate-fibrin hybrid matrices were considered as a highly powerful material for breast tumor engineering based on its stability and biocompatibility. We propose that the novel tumor model may not only serve as an invaluable platform for analyzing and understanding the molecular mechanisms and pattern of oncologic diseases, but also be tailored for individual therapy via transplantation of breast cancer patient-derived tumors.
A Buried Water Network Modulates the Activity of the Escherichia coli Disulphide Catalyst DsbA (2023)

The formation of disulphide bonds is an essential step in the folding of many proteins that enter the secretory pathway; therefore, it is not surprising that eukaryotic and prokaryotic organisms have dedicated enzymatic systems to catalyse this process. In bacteria, one such enzyme is disulphide bond-forming protein A (DsbA), a thioredoxin-like thiol oxidase that catalyses the oxidative folding of proteins required for virulence and fitness. A large body of work on DsbA proteins, particularly <i>Escherichia coli</i> DsbA (EcDsbA), has demonstrated the key role that the Cys<sup>30</sup>-XX-Cys<sup>33</sup> catalytic motif and its unique redox properties play in the thiol oxidase activity of this enzyme. Using mutational and functional analyses, here we identify that a set of charged residues, which form an acidic groove on the non-catalytic face of the enzyme, further modulate the activity of EcDsbA. Our high-resolution structures indicate that these residues form a water-mediated proton wire that can transfer protons from the bulk solvent to the active site. Our results support the view that proton shuffling may facilitate the stabilisation of the buried Cys<sup>33</sup> thiolate formed during the redox reaction and promote the correct direction of the EcDsbA-substrate thiol-disulphide exchange. Comparison with other proteins of the same class and proteins of the thioredoxin-superfamily in general suggest that a proton relay system appears to be a conserved catalytic feature among this widespread superfamily of proteins. Furthermore, this study also indicates that the acidic groove of DsbA could be a promising allosteric site to develop novel DsbA inhibitors as antibacterial therapeutics.
Effect of in vitro infection of human monocytes with low numbers of Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacteria on monocyte apoptosis (1996)

The effect of Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv on spontaneous apoptosis of human monocytes from healthy donors in vitro was investigated. Infection with low numbers of viable M. tuberculosis bacteria prevented spontaneously occurring apoptosis in monocytes. Our data suggest that apoptosis of monocytes appears to be negatively associated with the presence of tumor necrosis factor alpha.
Linear pinch driven by a moving compact torus (1984)

In principle, a Z-pinch of sufficiently large aspect ratio can provide arbitrarily high magnetic field intensity for the confinement of plasma. In practice, however, achievable field intensities and timescales are limited by parasitic inductances, pulse driver power, current, voltage, and voltage standoff of nearby insulating surfaces or surrounding gas. Further, instabilities may dominate to prevent high fields (kink mode) or enhance them (sausage mode) but in a nonuniform and uncontrollable way. In this paper we discuss an approach to producing a high-field-intensity pinch using a moving compact torus. The moving torus can serve as a very high power driver and may be used to compress a pre-established pinch field, switch on an accelerating pinch field, or may itself be reconfigured to form an intense pinch. In any case, the high energy, high energy density, and high velocity possible with an accelerated compact torus can provide extremely high power to overcome, by a number of orders of magnitude, the limitations to pinch formation described earlier. In this paper we will consider in detail pinches formed by reconfiguration of the compact torus.
Copper‐Catalyzed Azide–Alkyne Cycloaddition: Regioselective Synthesis of 1,4,5‐Trisubstituted 1,2,3‐Triazoles (2009)

Clicking along nicely: Few methods have been reported to be an efficient entry to trisubstituted triazoles with high regioselectivity. This challenge has inspired a search for new reactivity and the development of new chemical approaches. The development of an efficient, robust, one-pot procedure as a route to highly decorated trisubstituted triazoles will be an added bonus to the range of click reactions (see scheme).
A digital phase locked loop for power conversion ASICs (2002)

It is shown that a digital phase locked loop can be designed to perform the functions of capturing fundamental of an input reference wave, and producing sine and cosine values of the phase angle to a 16 bit accuracy. Digital differential analyzers are used for continuous calculation of the sine and cosine, since the simplicity of the hardware required reduces the number of cells needed for implementation in a gate array ASIC. In the implementation the variable frequency oscillator occupies 2586 cells the phase comparator 2711 cells, PI control 1196 cells, and compensating filters in the loop a total of 3018 cells. Alternative methods would have required a significantly greater area, or placed an additional software burden on an existing processor. While the device is currently being incorporated into a power converter chip aimed at center frequencies of 40-60 Hz, with a lock band of /spl plusmn/8 Hz a wider frequency range is possible with a sacrifice of some accuracy in the output values. A version for motor current control over a frequency range from 0-2000 Hz is being developed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>