gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Selective Alteration of the Root Morphology of Arabidopsis thaliana by Synthetic Anion Transporters (SATs) (2019)

Aims: The aim of the study was to determine whether and to what extent any of a family of amphiphilic heptapeptide synthetic anion transporters (SATs) affected the growth or root morphology of Arabidopsis thaliana.&#x0D; Study Design: A. thaliana plants were grown from seedlings in PNS media in the absence or presence of one of 21 SATs.&#x0D; Place and Duration of Study: Departments of Chemistry &amp; Biochemistry, University of Missouri – St. Louis, 1 University Blvd., St. Louis, MO 63121 U. S. A. The study was conducted 2017-2018.&#x0D; Methodology: Twenty one compounds of the form R2N-COCH2YCH2CO-(Aaa)3Pro(Aaa)3-O(CH2)6CH3 were prepared and studied. The amino acids included Ala, Gly, and Ser. R was normal alkyl having 6, 10, 12, or 18 carbons. Y was methylene, oxygen, sulfur, or absent. The PNS media was infused with various concentrations of the SAT and 21 plants in each group were allowed to grow for 11 days. Overall plant growth and root morphology were visualized and/or measured and the results recorded.&#x0D; Results: A comparison of primary root length and lateral root number revealed that the greatest alterations in lateral root densities were observed for peptide sequences of the type GGGPSGS, whether or not serine was protected by t-butyl. Differences were also observed for these peptide sequences according to the identity of Y in the ~COCH2YCH2CO~ chain.&#x0D; Conclusion: The presence of serine’s oxygen atoms on the C-terminal side of the heptapeptide interact with Cl¯ leading to a change in ion concentrations and alterations in primary root lengths and lateral root densities.
The Polymerase Acidic Protein Gene of Influenza A Virus Contributes to Pathogenicity in a Mouse Model (2009)

Adaptation of influenza A viruses to a new host species usually involves the mutation of one or more of the eight viral gene segments, and the molecular basis for host range restriction is still poorly understood. To investigate the molecular changes that occur during adaptation of a low-pathogenic avian influenza virus subtype commonly isolated from migratory birds to a mammalian host, we serially passaged the avirulent wild-bird H5N2 strain A/Aquatic bird/Korea/W81/05 (W81) in the lungs of mice. The resulting mouse-adapted strain (ma81) was highly virulent (50% mouse lethal dose = 2.6 log(10) 50% tissue culture infective dose) and highly lethal. Nonconserved mutations were observed in six viral genes (those for PB2, PB1, PA, HA, NA, and M). Reverse genetic experiments substituting viral genes and mutations demonstrated that the PA gene was a determinant of the enhanced virulence in mice and that a Thr-to-Iso substitution at position 97 of PA played a key role. In growth kinetics studies, ma81 showed enhanced replication in mammalian but not avian cell lines; the PA(97I) mutation in strain W81 increased its replicative fitness in mice but not in chickens. The high virulence associated with the PA(97I) mutation in mice corresponded to considerably enhanced polymerase activity in mammalian cells. Furthermore, this characteristic mutation is not conserved among avian influenza viruses but is prevalent among mouse-adapted strains, indicating a host-dependent mutation. To our knowledge, this is the first study that the isoleucine residue at position 97 in PA plays a key role in enhanced virulence in mice and is implicated in the adaptation of avian influenza viruses to mammalian hosts.
What Physicians and Health Organizations Should Know About Mandated Imaging Appropriate Use Criteria (2019)

The Appropriate Use Criteria Program, enacted by the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services in response to the Protecting Access to Medicare Act of 2014 (PAMA), aims to reduce inappropriate and unnecessary imaging by mandating use of clinical decision support (CDS) by all providers who order advanced imaging examinations (magnetic resonance imaging; computed tomography; and nuclear medicine studies, including positron emission tomography). Beginning 1 January 2020, documentation of an interaction with a certified CDS system using approved appropriate use criteria will be required on all Medicare claims for advanced imaging in all emergency department patients and outpatients as a prerequisite for payment. The Appropriate Use Criteria Program will initially cover 8 priority clinical areas, including several (such as headache and low back pain) commonly encountered by internal medicine providers. All providers and organizations that order and provide advanced imaging must understand program requirements and their options for compliance strategies. Substantial resources and planning will be needed to comply with PAMA regulations and avoid unintended negative consequences on workflow and payments. However, robust evidence supporting the desired outcome of reducing inappropriate use of advanced imaging is lacking.
ChemInform Abstract: DAS ALPHA,ALPHA,2,2,3,3‐HEXAMETHYLCYCLOPROPYLCARBINYL‐SYST., VERHALTEN VON CARBONIUMIONEN IN NUCLEOPHILEN UND SUPERACIDEN LOESUNGSMITTELN (1972)

Abstract Die Methanolyse des Benzoats (I) in Gegenwart von 2,6‐Lutidin bei 25°C liefert die Produkte (II) (41%), (IIIa) (55%) und (IV) (4%).
Purification and Some Enzymatic Properties of Acid Protease A and B ofScytalidium lignicolumATCC 24568 (1974)

Three kinds of acid proteases were purified from the culture filtrate of Scytalidium lignicolum ATCC 24568. About 3 mg of A–1, 6 mg of A–2 and 60 mg of B were obtained from one liter of culture broth. These purified enzymes were monodisperse by physicochemical criteria such as ultracentrifugal analysis and disc electrophoresis.A–1 and A–2 were very similar to each other on their enzymatic properties except the small difference of isoelectric point. A–1 and A–2 were active between pH 3.0~3.5 toward casein, and stable between pH 2.5 and 5.5 for 20 hr at 37°C. Both enzymes were strongly inhibited by NBS, but not by EDTA, DFP and sulfhydryl reagents.B was most active at pH 2.0, and stable at pH values between 1.5 and 5.0. This enzyme was also inhibited by NBS and KMnO4, but not by EDTA, DFP and sulfhydryl reagents.The molecular weights and isoelectric points of A–1, A–2 and B were 43,000, pH 3.6; 43,000, pH 3.8 and 22,000, pH 3.2, respectively.A–1 and A–2 were not inhibited by S–PI and synthetic pepsin inhibi...
Graphite Gamma Scan Results (2014)

This report documents the measurement and data analysis of the radio isotopic content for a series of graphite specimens irradiated in the first Advanced Graphite Creep (AGC) experiment, AGC-1. This is the first of a series of six capsules planned as part of the AGC experiment to fully characterize the neutron irradiation effects and radiation creep behavior of current nuclear graphites. The AGC-1 capsule was irradiated in the Advanced Test Reactor (ATR) at INL at approximately 700 degrees C and to a peak dose of 7 dpa (displacements per atom). Details of the irradiation conditions and other characterization measurements performed on specimens in the AGC-1 capsule can be found in “AGC-1 Specimen Post Irradiation Data Report” ORNL/TM 2013/242. Two specimens from six different graphite types are analyzed here. Each specimen is 12.7 mm in diameter by 25.4 mm long. The isotope with the highest activity was 60Co. Graphite type NBG-18 had the highest content of 60Co with an activity of 142.89 µCi at a measurement distance of 47 cm.
Simulation Modelling of Agricultural Tractor Performance and Mobility (1987)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Computer simulation modelling techniques are basic engineering tools to investigate and predict the performance and mobility of agricultural tractors. Analytical methodologies developed by researchers to simulate and evaluate the terrain-operator-agricultural vehicle system and its subsystems are described. The techniques are classified as models and methods describing the subsystem interactions and relationships and the overall tractor-soil-implement system. The subsystem models and methods include: soil mechanics) the soil-wheel interactions, the soil-track interactions, the vehicle mechanics relationships, the soil-implement interactions, and the power train and hitching relationships. These models and methods were developed by various researchers as a means to optimize the tractive performance of the tractor by parameter sensitivity analyses.&lt;/div&gt;
Future Mobility (2013)

Abstract This article presents an automotive control approach for information-rich future mobility. It integrates in-vehicle networked controls with cloud computing accessible through a wireless network to elevate current on-board controls to a new level for additional benefits and performance. Outsourcing computation-intensive tasks to a cloud-computing server is an extension of the current server-based concierge/infotainment type features. While in-vehicle controls remain essential for safety critical and real-time functionality, the cloud-computing paradigm offers another degree of freedom for control system design. In future vehicle controls, the cloud can be used for very demanding computations that otherwise cannot be accomplished by on-board electronic control units (ECUs), especially for information-intensive tasks. The so-called local-simple-remote-complex vehicle control strategies are likely to unlock the potential of implementing methods and tools that are presently used only in an off-line setting. The cloud can also be used as a storage place to record current and historic vehicle data that can be used for predictive diagnosis and prognostics of the vehicle health.
Supplementary Table from Targeting Ribonucleotide Reductase Induces Synthetic Lethality in PP2A-Deficient Uterine Serous Carcinoma (2023)

Supplementary Table from Targeting Ribonucleotide Reductase Induces Synthetic Lethality in PP2A-Deficient Uterine Serous Carcinoma
The Gastrin Receptor Antagonist Netazepide (YF476) Prevents Oxyntic Mucosal Inflammation Induced by Helicobacter Pylori Infection in Mongolian Gerbils (2013)

The gastrin antagonist netazepide prevents H. pylori-induced gastritis in Mongolian gerbils. Thus, gastrin has a key role in the inflammatory reaction of the gastric mucosa to H. pylori infection in this species.
Suomalaiset lämpimät makuuparsipihatot lehmän ja hoitajan näkökulmasta (2006)

Lämpimiä makuuparsipihattoja koskevat tutkimukset ovat kahden hankkeen, ”Lypsykarjarakennustentoiminnalliset vaihtoehdot” ja ”Eläinterveydenhuollon kehittämishanke Pohjois-Savossa” (ELKE)yhteystyössä 2004–2006 toteuttama kuusiosainen tutkimussarja, jonka osia ovat: 1) Lypsykarjarakennustentoiminnalliset vaihtoehdot, 2) Navetan rakenteellisten ratkaisujen yhteys lehmien terveyteenlämpimissä makuuparsipihatoissa, 3) Hyvinvointi-indeksit pihattonavetoiden arvioinnissa: indeksienvalidointi ja kehittäminen, 4) Vasikoiden fysikaaliset ympäristöolosuhteet lypsykarjapihatoissa, 5)Lehmien syöntikäyttäytyminen ja sen yhteys navetan rakenteellisiin ratkaisuihin, ja 6) Lehmien syöntikäyttäytyminenja sen yhteys navetan rakenteellisiin ratkaisuihin. Tutkimusten toteuttajatahoina ovatMTT/Vakola, Työtehoseura, Valio, Helsingin yliopiston eläinlääketieteellinen tiedekunta, Savoniaammattikorkeakoulu,ja Kuopion yliopiston soveltavan biotekniikan instituutti.
Indole‐2‐carboxamidines as Novel NR2B Selective NMDA Receptor Antagonists. (2006)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Bach2 maintains T cells in a naive state by suppressing effector memory-related genes (2013)

The transcriptional repressor BTB and CNC homology 2 (Bach2) is thought to be mainly expressed in B cells with specific functions such as class switch recombination and somatic hypermutation, but its function in T cells is not known. We found equal Bach2 expression in T cells and analyzed its function using Bach2-deficient (-/-) mice. Although T-cell development was normal, numbers of peripheral naive T cells were decreased, which rapidly produced Th2 cytokines after TCR stimulation. Bach2(-/-) naive T cells highly expressed genes related to effector-memory T cells such as CCR4, ST-2 and Blimp-1. Enhanced expression of these genes induced Bach2(-/-) naive T cells to migrate toward CCR4-ligand and respond to IL33. Forced expression of Bach2 restored the expression of these genes. Using Chromatin Immunoprecipitation (ChIP)-seq analysis, we identified S100 calcium binding protein a, Heme oxigenase 1, and prolyl hydroxylase 3 as Bach2 direct target genes, which are highly expressed in effector-memory T cells. These findings indicate that Bach2 suppresses effector memory-related genes to maintain the naive T-cell state and regulates generation of effector-memory T cells.
Integral videography of high-density light field with spherical layout camera array (2006)

We propose a spherical layout for a camera array system when shooting images for use in Integral Videography (IV). IV is an autostereoscopic video image technique based on Integral Photography (IP) and is one of the preferred autostereoscopic techniques for displaying images. There are many studies on autostereoscopic displays based on this technique indicating its potential advantages. Other camera arrays have been studied, but their purpose addressed other issues, such as acquiring high-resolution images, capturing a light field, creating contents for non-IV-based autostereoscopic displays and so on. Moreover, IV displays images with high stereoscopic resolution when objects are displayed close to the display. As a consequence, we have to capture high-resolution images in close vicinity to the display. We constructed the spherical layout for the camera array system using 30 cameras arranged in a 6 by 5 array. Each camera had an angular difference of 6 degrees, and we set the cameras to the direction of the sphere center. These cameras can synchronously capture movies. The resolution of the cameras is a 640 by 480. With this system, we determined the effectiveness of the proposed layout of cameras and actually captured IP images, and displayed real autostereoscopic images.
Advancements in integrated pore-pressure prediction and seismic imaging (2017)

Pore pressure prediction and seismic imaging play an important role in the evaluation and development of hydrocarbon prospects. In this study, we present a successful integration of basin modeling and seismic imaging using an iterative approach that provides more robust modeling constraints away from well control. Application of this method to real data led to pore pressure predictions from basin modeling and seismic that fit within the uncertainty ranges of the calibration data and it led to improvements in the resulting seismic image. The observed improvements may contribute to better prospect evaluation, e.g., in terms of prospect geometry and volumetric analysis. Presentation Date: Tuesday, September 26, 2017 Start Time: 11:25 AM Location: 381A Presentation Type: ORAL
ANFIS based modeling and inverse control of a thin SMA wire (2008)

In this work, we propose an Adaptive Neuro Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) based hysteresis modeling and control strategy for a thin Shape Memory Alloy (SMA) wire. Controlling the SMA wire is a challenging problem because of its dynamic hysteretic behavior. By using a hybrid learning procedure ANFIS architectures are powerful tools for many applications, such as identifying nonlinear parameters in a controlled system, predicting chaotic time series and modeling nonlinear functions. We tested our ANFIS model by making it predict major and minor hysteresis loops in different driving frequencies and compared them with the experimental data. To compensate the hysteretic effect, we used an inverse ANFIS model and used it directly as a controller. After dramatically reducing the hysteretic effect, we implemented a PI control to fine tune the response.
Binding and Detection of Anions Using Tripodal Hosts (2010)

The aim of this project was to investigate the anion-binding properties of a range of different receptor compounds. For the most part, the receptors reported here were tripodal in nature, wherein three hydrogen-bonding receptor groups, including amines, amides and ureas, are linked around a common structural core. In this study, a range of different cores were chosen, such as simple and flexible organic frameworks based on the tris(2-aminoethyl)amine (tren) precursor, conformationally-restricted and brightly coloured aromatic species based on the dye pararosaniline, and triply-ligated metal complexes of ruthenium(II). &#13;\nIn order to assess the anion binding abilities of these receptors, a range of different techniques were employed, with 1H-NMR and UV/Visible spectroscopic titrations being the most common. Additionally, the incorporation of fluorescent pyrene moieties as a reporter group to some of the receptors allowed for the probing of anion binding via fluorimetric titrations in these cases.&#13;\nDuring the course of the experiments, a number of interesting, and in some cases, unexpected, binding conformations were found â in particular, the interactions between many of the organic receptor compounds with the planar 1,3,5-benzenetricarboxylate (trimesylate) trianion, and the pH dependency of the colour of the pararosaniline-based receptors. Additionally, the range of cyclic thioether-capped ruthenium(II) receptor compounds reported here showed an unusually high resistance to degradation by solvent and guest when compared to similar receptors with aromatic-capped ruthenium, and successfully gave tripodal ML3 complexes instead of the traditionally more stable ML2X dipodal complexes.&#13;\n
Luo ji yu tui li: shi shi zhong yao ma? (2012)

逻辑与推理：事实重要吗？ 现代逻辑正在经历着一个认知的转向，避开了弗雷格的"反心理主义"。逻辑学家与更多以经验观察为根据的研究领域的同事们之间的合作正在增进，特别是在关于理智主体的推理与信息更新方面的研究。既然纯粹的规范化从来不是一种可靠的立场，我们便把交叉领域的研究置于逻辑与经验事实之间长期存在联系这样的语境之中。我们还要讨论弗雷格城墙（Frege’s Wall）的倒塌对于作为一种理性主体性理论的逻辑的一个新议程（agenda）意味着什么，以及什么会是对作为逻辑理论的朋友而非敌人的"心理主义"的一个切实可行的理解。
An algorithm for load balancing in network management applications managing Virtualised Network Functions (2014)

In network management applications, load balancing has typically been achieved by manually configuring the application in-situ or using configuration information generated using offline tools. As networks increase in scale and heterogeneity, management applications are being designed to take advantage of scalable computer hardware and often have multiple instances, each of which bears a portion of the management load of the network elements or functions being managed. The communication between management applications and the network elements they are managing is often stateful, posing a challenge for load balancing because connections must be managed if responsibility for managing some network elements change from one instance to another during load balancing. In this paper, we describe an algorithm that enables load balancing of telecommunication management applications for an arbitrary number of VNFs (Virtual Network Functions). The algorithm, triggered by NFV (Network Function Virtualisaton) orchestration, is horizontally scalable and there is no single point of failure once two or more management application instances are running.
Hydrodynamic lubrication theory for the Bingham plastic flow model (1991)

When the shear stress magnitude of a Bingham material exceeds the yield shear stress, quasi-Newtonian flow results, otherwise the material is rigid. The Bingham model has been used in tribology to describe the behavior of greases, but may also be used for electrorheological fluids proposed as ‘‘smart’’ lubricants. For two-dimensional flow, different modified Reynolds’ equations are obtained, depending on the possible local formation of a rigid core which may be attached to either surface, or float between the surfaces. From the modified Reynolds’ equation it is straightforward to predict bearing behavior, patching together the different core formation cases. Results are presented for two geometries: the squeeze film damper and the journal bearing.
High-Performance and Energy-Efficient Network-on-Chip Architectures for Graph Analytics (2016)

With its applicability spanning numerous data-driven fields, the implementation of graph analytics on multicore platforms is gaining momentum. One of the most important components of a multicore chip is its communication backbone. Due to inherent irregularities in data movements manifested by graph-based applications, it is essential to design efficient on-chip interconnection architectures for multicore chips performing graph analytics. In this article, we present a detailed analysis of the traffic patterns generated by graph-based applications when mapped to multicore chips. Based on this analysis, we explore the design-space for the Network-on-Chip (NoC) architecture to enable an efficient implementation of graph analytics. We principally consider three types of NoC architectures, viz., traditional mesh, small-world, and high-radix networks. We demonstrate that the small-world-network-enabled wireless NoC (WiNoC) is the most suitable platform for executing the considered graph applications. The WiNoC achieves an average of 38% and 18% full-system Energy Delay Product savings compared to wireline-mesh and high-radix NoCs, respectively.
Psychosocial Aspects of DNA Testing for Hereditary Hemochromatosis in At-Risk Individuals: A Systematic Review (2009)

The evidence on the psychosocial aspects of DNA testing for HH in at-risk individuals is limited. Further research might be required if other factors influencing the natural history of the disease phenotype are identified.
Direct reconstruction of non‐Cartesian k‐space data using a nonuniform fast Fourier transform (2001)

An algorithm of Dutt and Rokhlin (SIAM J Sci Comput 1993;14:1368-1383) for the computation of a fast Fourier transform (FFT) of nonuniformly-spaced data samples has been extended to two dimensions for application to MRI image reconstruction. The 2D nonuniform or generalized FFT (GFFT) was applied to the reconstruction of simulated MRI data collected on radially oriented sinusoidal excursions in k-space (ROSE) and spiral k-space trajectories. The GFFT was compared to conventional Kaiser-Bessel kernel convolution regridding reconstruction in terms of image reconstruction quality and speed of computation. Images reconstructed with the GFFT were similar in quality to the Kaiser-Bessel kernel reconstructions for 256(2) pixel image reconstructions, and were more accurate for smaller 64(2) pixel image reconstructions. Close inspection of the GFFT reveals it to be equivalent to a convolution regridding method with a Gaussian kernel. The Gaussian kernel had been dismissed in earlier literature as nonoptimal compared to the Kaiser-Bessel kernel, but a theorem for the GFFT, bounding the approximation error, and the results of the numerical experiments presented here show that this dismissal was based on a nonoptimal selection of Gaussian function.
Novel Static Magnetron Triode Reactive Ion Etching (1992)

Static magnetron triode reactive ion etching (SMTRIE) has been developed as a new method that achieves high-rate and high-uniformity etching with low metal oxide semiconductor (MOS) damage. An overview of the method is provided together with an application to Al-Cu etching. Four axisymmetric coils produce radial magnetic flux near and parallel to the etching cathode, and cylindrical magnetic flux parallel to the surrounding side cathode. This field creates a magnetron-type discharge near both cathodes, thus producing high plasma density that is both axisymmetrically and radially uniform. Al-Cu etching results demonstrate the excellent uniformity of SMTRIE. In addition, no gate damage was observed even at high power or under relatively poor uniformity. SMTRIE is one of the most promising etching methods for application to deep submicron geometries where precise and low-damage etching are indispensable.