gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Application of two-photon chromophore excitation to laser scanning microscopy (1991)

The non-linear optical technique of two-photon excitation of fluorescence and photochemical reactions makes possible new applications that are not possible using linear one-photon excitation in laser scanning confocal microscopy. The two-photon excitation effect arises from the simultaneous absorption of two red photons, which causes the transition to an excited electronic state with its normal absorption in the ultraviolet. In our fluorescence experiments, this excited state is the same singlet state, S 1 , that is populated during a conventional fluorescence experiment, and thus exhibits the same emission properties (e.g. wavelength shifts, environmental sensitivity) that are observed in typical biological microscopy studies. Likewise, photochemical reactions such as light induced polymerization and photolytic uncaging that are normally catalyzed by UV light can be generated using two-photon excitation. In practice, twophoton excitation is made possible by the very high local instantaneous intensity that is provided by a combination of the diffraction limited focusing in the microscope and the temporal concentration of a subpicosecond mode-locked laser.
Optical properties of Ce~(3+) in yttrium gallium garnet phosphor (1987)

The diffuse reflection, excitation and fluorescence spectra of Ce3+ ions in Y3Ga5O12 garnet phosphor have been studied and discussed at room temperature for the first time. It has been found that the YGG:Ce3+ shows the optical properties of the allowed 5d-4f transition of Ce3+ ions whether under UV radiation or visible blue light or oathoderay excitation. The broad emission band extending from 430 to near 670 nm results from the transition of the lowest 5d level to 2FJ (J=5/2, 7/2) terminal state. In YGG, the optical behaviour of Ce3+ is very similar to that of Ce3+ in YAG, but the positions of absorption and emission bands of Ce3+ shift toward shorter wavelengths.
Anatomy and classification of acupoints. (1992)

Acupuncture points are conceived as points on the skin reflecting visceral conditions and the sites for acupuncture treatment. In the skin, acupoints tend to show higher electric conductivity and have higher concentration of neural and vascular elements as well as mast cells. Locations of some acupoints correspond to the motor points, others to the Golgi tendon organs. There is a group of midline acupoints. Most acupoints are associated with meridians and are known as meridian points. The nature of meridians is under scientific scrutiny. For identification of canine acupoints, the human meridian nomenclature was adopted.
A Tool to Model Traffic Aggregation in Networks of Reconfigurable Optical ADD/DROP Multiplexers (2011)

We present a tool built to analyse the performance and optimise the design of an all optical ring network based on Reconfigurable Optical ADD and DROP Multiplexers (ROADM in the following). The analysis is based on numerical analysis of discrete time Markov chains and some heuristics to optimise the network configuration until the Quality of Services requirements are satisfied.
Benzo[f]isobenzofuran. Mechanistic aspects of isobenzofuran formation from acetals and ortho esters (1983)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTBenzo[f]isobenzofuran. Mechanistic aspects of isobenzofuran formation from acetals and ortho estersBagher Mir-Mohamad-Sadeghy and Bruce RickbornCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1983, 48, 13, 2237–2246Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1983Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1983https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00161a020https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00161a020research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views342Altmetric-Citations16LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
The predictive capacity of in vitro preclinical models to evaluate drugs for the treatment of retinoblastoma (2023)

Retinoblastoma is a rare childhood cancer of the eye. Of the small number of drugs are used to treat retinoblastoma, all have been repurposed from drugs developed for other conditions. In order to find drugs or drug combinations better suited to the improved treatment of retinoblastoma, reliable predictive models are required, which facilitate the challenging transition from in vitro studies to clinical trials. In this review, the research performed to date on the development of 2D and 3D in vitro models for retinoblastoma is presented. Most of this research was undertaken with a view to better biological understanding of retinoblastoma, and we discuss the potential for these models to be applied to drug screening. Future research directions for streamlined drug discovery are considered and evaluated, and many promising avenues identified.
Kinetic characterization of baculovirus‐induced cell death in insect cell cultures (1993)

The death process of baculovirus-infected insect cells was divided into two phases: a constant viability (or delay) phase characterized by a delay time (t(d)) and a first-order death phase characterized by a half-life (t(1/2)). These two parameters were used in conjunction with the n-target theory to classify the kinetics of cell death under various conditions, including different multiplicity of infection (MOI), host cell lines, virus types, incubation volumes, cell density and extracellular L(+)-lactate and ammonium concentrations. Two groups of kinetic effects were found: one characterized by a constant number of hypothetical targets and the other by decreased numbers of hypothetical targets. The first group includes effects such as MOI, virus types, and host cell lines. The second includes the effects of environmental perturbations, such as incubation volume, cell density, and extracellular concentrations of L(+)-lactate and ammonium. Although the underlying mechanisms of these effects are as yet unknown, the death kinetics of infected cells significantly affects the recombinant protein production. In general, foreign protein production does not correlate with the cell life after infection.
Functional architecture of cerebral cortex during naturalistic movie-watching (2022)

Abstract Characterizing the functional organization of cerebral cortex is a fundamental step in understanding how different kinds of information are processed in the brain. Neuroimaging studies over the past decades have uncovered the function of many cortical areas in response to selected stimulus categories. However, it is still unclear how cortical areas are organized during naturalistic visual and auditory stimulation. Here we used high-resolution functional MRI data from 176 human subjects to map the macro-architecture of the entire cerebral cortex based on responses to a 60-minute audiovisual movie stimulus. A data-driven clustering approach revealed a map of 24 functional areas/networks, each related to a specific aspect of sensory or cognitive processing. The map included three distinct executive control (domain-general) networks which showed a strong push-pull interaction with domain-specific regions in visual, auditory, and language cortex. The cortical parcellation scheme presented here provides a comprehensive and unified map of functionally defined areas, which could replace a large set of functional localizer maps.
Haptic glove for finger rehabilitation (2015)

The impairment of the fingers is one of the main problems that prevents patients performing their daily activities. Researchers have used virtual environment combined with haptic feedback to improve the strength of the fingers. In this study, we design and implement a cost-effective, light, and easy to use haptic glove that helps patients in their rehabilitation program. The virtual environment are consisted of two exergames namely, squeezing a ball game, and raising a cup game. The system is tested on 20 healthy subjects for four days. Since the preliminary results have shown a general acceptance of the proposed system by the users, we can assume that there is a clear potential for haptic feedback to improve the overall performance of the users.
A geometrical interpretation of current space vector components due to induction machines rotor faults (2011)

This paper presents a deep investigation on the rotor fault signatures of induction machines. Phase current and current space vector sidebands, spectral components of flux, torque and speed are analyzed as functions of inertia, load and machine size. Analytical expressions among the physical quantities, validated by simulation and experimental results, are developed using a synchronous reference frame. These expressions, together with geometrical loci showing the vector relationships among the quantities involved, allow a thorough understanding of the underlying physical phenomena. A test-bed able to realize a variable virtual inertia allows the experimental validation as well.
Možnosti využití některých mikroRNA u multiformníhoglioblastomu (2013)

Multiformni glioblastom je nejcastějsim intrakranialnim nadorem
astrocytarniho původu. Median přežiti pacientů řadi toto
onemocněni mezi maligni mozkove nadory se spatnou prognozou.
Proto ma smysl i hledani nových prognostických biomarkerů,
ktere mohou pomoci nejen urcit prognozu onemocněni, ale mohou
mit i vliv na stanoveni optimalni terapie.
In Vitro Anticancer Activity ofcis-Diammineplatinum(II) Complexes with β-Diketonate Leaving Group Ligands (2012)

Five cationic platinum(II) complexes of general formula, [Pt(NH3)2(Î²-diketonate)]X are reported, where X is a non-coordinating anion and Î²-diketonate = acetylacetonate (acac), 1,1,1,-trifluoroacetylacetonate (tfac), benzoylacetonate (bzac), 4,4,4-trifluorobenzoylacetonate (tfbz), or dibenzoylmethide (dbm), corresponding respectively to complexes 1â5. The log P values and the stabilities of 1â5 in aqueous solution were evaluated. The phenyl ring substituents of 3â5 increase the lipophilicity of the resulting complexes, whereas the trifluoromethyl groups of 2 and 4 decrease the stability of the complexes in aqueous solution. The uptake of 1â5 in HeLa cells increase as the lipophilicity of the investigated complex increases. Cancer cell cytotoxicity studies indicate that 1 and 3 are the least active complexes whereas 2, 4, and 5 are comparable to cisplatin.
Ubiquitylation of the nuclear pore complex controls nuclear migration during mitosis in S. cerevisiae (2012)

Nuclear pore complexes (NPCs) correspond to large protein transport complexes responsible for selective nucleocytoplasmic exchange. Although research has revealed much about the molecular architecture and roles of the NPC subcomplexes, little is known about the regulation of NPC functions by posttranslational modifications. We used a systematic approach to show that more than half of NPC proteins were conjugated to ubiquitin. In particular, Nup159, a nucleoporin exclusively located on the cytoplasmic side of the NPC, was monoubiquitylated by the Cdc34/SCF (Skp1-Cdc53-F-box E3 ligase) enzymes. Preventing this modification had no consequences on nuclear transport or NPC organization but strongly affected the ability of Nup159 to target the dynein light chain to the NPC. This led to defects in nuclear segregation at the onset of mitosis. Thus, defining ubiquitylation of the yeast NPC highlights yet-unexplored functions of this essential organelle in cell division.
Distinct mechanisms for OxLDL uptake and cellular trafficking by class B scavenger receptors CD36 and SR-BI (2007)

Modified forms of LDL, including oxidized low density lipoprotein (OxLDL), contribute to macrophage lipid accumulation in the vessel wall. Despite the pathophysiological importance of uptake pathways for OxLDL, the molecular details of OxLDL endocytosis by macrophages are not well understood. Studies in vitro demonstrate that the class B scavenger receptor CD36 mediates macrophage uptake and degradation of OxLDL. Although the closely related scavenger receptor class B type I (SR-BI) binds OxLDL with high affinity, evidence that SR-BI plays a role in OxLDL metabolism is lacking. In this study, we directly compared OxLDL uptake and degradation by CD36 and SR-BI. Our results indicate that although CD36 and SR-BI internalize OxLDL, SR-BI mediates significantly less OxLDL degradation. Endocytosis of OxLDL by both SR-BI and CD36 is independent of caveolae, microtubules, and actin cytoskeleton. However, OxLDL uptake by CD36, but not SR-BI, is dependent on dynamin. The analysis of chimeric SR-BI/CD36 receptors shows that the CD36 C-terminal cytoplasmic tail is necessary and sufficient for dynamin-dependent OxLDL internalization by class B scavenger receptors. These findings indicate that different mechanisms are involved in OxLDL uptake by SR-BI and CD36, which may segregate these two structurally homologous receptors at the cell surface, leading to differences in intracellular trafficking and degradation.
Formal Development of Safe Automated Driving Using Differential Dynamic Logic (2022)

The challenges in providing convincing arguments for safe and correct behavior of automated driving (AD) systems have so far hindered their widespread commercial deployment. Conventional development approaches such as testing and simulation are limited by non-exhaustive analysis, and can thus not guarantee safety in all possible scenarios. Formal methods can provide mathematical proofs that could be used to produce rigorous evidence to support the safety argument. This paper investigates the use of differential dynamic logic and the deductive verification tool KeYmaera X in the development of an AD feature. Specifically, this paper demonstrates how formal models and safety proofs of different design variants of a Decision & Control module can be used in the safety argument of an in-lane AD feature. In doing so, the assumptions and invariant conditions necessary to guarantee safety are identified, and the paper shows how such an analysis helps during the development process in requirement refinement and formulation of the operational design domain. Furthermore, it is shown how the performance of the different models is formally analyzed exhaustively, in <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">all</i> their allowed behaviors.
551 Vulvar cancer – still silent killer? (2021)

<h3>Introduction/Background*</h3> Vulvar cancer is a rare neoplasm of the female genital organs. In 2020, less than 1% of women in Poland was diagnosed with this disease. Nevertheless, it remains an important clinical problem due to its localization and therapeutic difficulties. The aim of the study was to investigate risk factors, treatment protocols, treatment outcomes, the prevalence of histopathological types and the quality of life of patients with vulvar lesions. <h3>Methodology</h3> The case-control retrospective study involved 138 patients hospitalized in 2010-2020 at the Department of Surgery and Gynecological Oncology, Medical University in Lodz, Poland. The prospective part of the study constituted follow-up that was carried out in the form of a telephone survey. The patients were divided into two groups: with benign lesions (Gr.B) and malignant (Gr.M). The data was statistically processed using the Statistica13.1 program. <h3>Result(s)*</h3> Malignant lesions were found in 43 patients (31.16%). Patients with benign lesions were significantly younger (57.79vs.69.67;p=0.003), had fewer pregnancies (1.76vs.268;p=0.0009) and gave birth less frequently (1,35vs.2.35;p=0.0002). There was no significant difference between the groups in BMI (p=0.7141), number of miscarriages (p=0.4469), time of menopause (p=0.1544) and smoking (p=0.5533)). In group M 86.05% of women had squamous cell carcinoma, 4.65% basal cell carcinoma, 2.33% vulvar melanoma and 2.33% extra-mammary Paget’s disease. There was a high positive correlation between tumor diameter and length of hospitalization (R=0.5523;p=0.0010) and a weak positive correlation between age and length of hospitalization (R=0.2835;p=0.0010). Five-year survival was found in 77.78% of women in total. In group B, improvement in the quality of life was noted in 42.86% of women who started treatment after hospitalization and 36.84% of women who did not start treatment. The changes in the quality of life between the groups were not statistically significant (p=0.9115). <h3>Conclusion*</h3> The anticipated facts were proven in the studied group: incidence of vulvar cancer was significantly higher in the postmenopausal women, the most common malignant neoplasm was keratinizing squamous cell carcinoma. The time of hospitalization increased with the increase in tumor diameter and the age of the woman. Treatment of women with benign lesions did not significantly improve the quality of life.
Geometric Matrix Completion with Recurrent Multi-Graph Neural Networks (2017)

Matrix completion models are among the most common formulations of recommender systems. Recent works have showed a boost of performance of these techniques when introducing the pairwise relationships between users/items in the form of graphs, and imposing smoothness priors on these graphs. However, such techniques do not fully exploit the local stationarity structures of user/item graphs, and the number of parameters to learn is linear w.r.t. the number of users and items. We propose a novel approach to overcome these limitations by using geometric deep learning on graphs. Our matrix completion architecture combines graph convolutional neural networks and recurrent neural networks to learn meaningful statistical graph-structured patterns and the non-linear diffusion process that generates the known ratings. This neural network system requires a constant number of parameters independent of the matrix size. We apply our method on both synthetic and real datasets, showing that it outperforms state-of-the-art techniques.
Architecture and Knowledge-Driven Self-Adaptive Security in Smart Space (2013)

Dynamic and heterogeneous smart spaces cause challenges for security because it is impossible to anticipate all the possible changes at design-time. Self-adaptive security is an applicable solution for this challenge. This paper presents an architectural approach for security adaptation in smart spaces. The approach combines an adaptation loop, Information Security Measuring Ontology (ISMO) and a smart space security-control model. The adaptation loop includes phases to monitor, analyze, plan and execute changes in the smart space. The ISMO offers input knowledge for the adaptation loop and the security-control model enforces dynamic access control policies. The approach is novel because it defines the whole adaptation loop and knowledge required in each phase of the adaptation. The contributions are validated as a part of the smart space pilot implementation. The approach offers reusable and extensible means to achieve adaptive security in smart spaces and up-to-date access control for devices that appear in the space. Hence, the approach supports the work of smart space application developers.
A capacitive level shifter for high voltage (2.5kV) (2012)

A capacitive level-shifter as a part of a high voltage halfbridge gate driver is presented in this work. The level-shifter utilizes a differential capacitor pair to transfer the information from low side to high side. A thorough evaluation of the critical parts of the level-shifter is presented with focus on low power consumption as well as low capacitive load between the floating half-bridge node and ground (output capacitance). The operation of the level-shifter is tested and verified by measurements on a prototype half-bridge gate driver. Results conclude stabile operation at 2.44kV, 50kHz with a current consumption of 0.5mA. Operation voltage was limited by test equipment. The output capacitance is 4pF@1.5kV.
A computer simulated phantom study of tomotherapy dose optimization based on probability density functions (PDF) and potential errors caused by low reproducibility of PDF (2006)

Lung tumor motion trajectories measured by four-dimensional CT or dynamic MRI can be converted to a probability density function (PDF), which describes the probability of the tumor at a certain position, for PDF based treatment planning. Using this method in simulated sequential tomotherapy, we study the dose reduction of normal tissues and more important, the effect of PDF reproducibility on the accuracy of dosimetry. For these purposes, realistic PDFs were obtained from two dynamic MRI scans of a healthy volunteer within a 2 week interval. The first PDF was accumulated from a 300 s scan and the second PDF was calculated from variable scan times from 5 s (one breathing cycle) to 300 s. Optimized beam fluences based on the second PDF were delivered to the hypothetical gross target volume (GTV) of a lung phantom that moved following the first PDF The reproducibility between two PDFs varied from low (78%) to high (94.8%) when the second scan time increased from 5 s to 300 s. When a highly reproducible PDF was used in optimization, the dose coverage of GTV was maintained; phantom lung receiving 10%-20% prescription dose was reduced by 40%-50% and the mean phantom lung dose was reduced by 9.6%. However, optimization based on PDF with low reproducibility resulted in a 50% underdosed GTV. The dosimetric error increased nearly exponentially as the PDF error increased. Therefore, although the dose of the tumor surrounding tissue can be theoretically reduced by PDF based treatment planning, the reliability and applicability of this method highly depend on if a reproducible PDF exists and is measurable. By correlating the dosimetric error and PDF error together, a useful guideline for PDF data acquisition and patient qualification for PDF based planning can be derived.
A PHANTOM SYSTEM FOR MICROWAVE TREATMENT OF INTRAOCULAR TUMORS (1993)

A gel-block system was developed to illustrate heating patterns induced by ophthalmic microwave applicators. A heat-sensitive liquid crystal card was affixed as to bisect a Lucite box. The box was then filled with a clear tissue equivalent polyacrylamide gel. It was found that semicircular heating patterns were generated within the gel. These patterns were visualized by placing one of the dish-shaped ophthalmic microwave applicators on top of the polyacrylamide gel and the heat-sensitive liquid crystal card. An antenna was then placed in the gel and behind the card. Microwave energy was sent through the card and into the gel. This demonstrated the relatively homogeneous and roughly circular heating pattern produced at the applicator's surface. A combination of these profiles led to construction of a three-dimensional, dome-shaped model of heating, as provided by this microwave antenna design.