gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
TGF-β induces expression of monocyte chemoattractant JE/monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 via transcriptional factor AP-1 induced by protein kinase in osteoblastic cells (1995)

In this work, we demonstrate the signal-transducing mechanism of TGF-beta 1 for gene expression of monocyte chemoattractant JE/monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1) in clonal osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells. TGF-beta 1-induced JE/MCP-1 gene expression in the cells was inhibited markedly by H-7 (1-(5-isoguinolinesulfonyl)-2-O-methylpiperazine-dihydrochloride) and staurosporine, potent inhibitors of protein kinase. TGF-beta 1-induced expression of both early proto-oncogenes c-fos and c-jun in the cells was also inhibited by H-7 and staurosporine. Antisense oligonucleotides to c-fos and c-jun genes inhibited significantly the cytokine-induced JE/MCP-1 gene expression. Curcumin, a specific inhibitor of c-jun/AP-1, inhibited the cytokine-induced c-jun gene expression in a dose-dependent manner, though the c-fos gene expression was not affected. TGF-beta 1 stimulated transcriptionally the JE/MCP-1 gene expression, and this stimulation was inhibited significantly by curcumin. Curcumin-induced inhibition of the JE/MCP-1 gene product was also evidenced by both an assay involving immunoprecipitation with antiserum specific for JE/MCP-1 and an assay for monocyte chemotaxis. Curcumin markedly inhibited AP-1 binding activity to 12-tetradecanoyl phorbol-13-acetate-responsive element (TRE) in the cytokine-treated cells. Furthermore, H-7 and staurosporine also inhibited the binding activity to TRE in the cells treated by the cytokine. These results demonstrate that TGF-beta 1 induces expression of monocyte chemoattractant JE/MCP-1 via the transcriptional factor AP-1 induced by protein kinase in the osteoblastic cells.
Cranberry Proanthocyanidins as a Therapeutic Strategy to Curb Metabolic Syndrome and Fatty Liver-Associated Disorders (2022)

While the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) is steadily increasing worldwide, no optimal pharmacotherapy is readily available to address its multifaceted risk factors and halt its complications. This growing challenge mandates the development of other future curative directions. The purpose of the present study is to investigate the efficacy of cranberry proanthocyanidins (PACs) in improving MetS pathological conditions and liver complications; C57BL/6J mice were fed either a standard chow or a high fat/high sucrose (HFHS) diet with and without PACs (200 mg/kg), delivered by daily gavage for 12 weeks. Our results show that PACs lowered HFHS-induced obesity, insulin resistance, and hyperlipidemia. In conjunction, PACs lessened circulatory markers of oxidative stress (OxS) and inflammation. Similarly, the anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory capacities of PACs were noted in the liver in association with improved hepatic steatosis. Inhibition of lipogenesis and stimulation of beta-oxidation could account for PACs-mediated decline of fatty liver as evidenced not only by the expression of rate-limiting enzymes but also by the status of AMPKα (the key sensor of cellular energy) and the powerful transcription factors (PPARα, PGC1α, SREBP1c, ChREBP). Likewise, treatment with PACs resulted in the downregulation of critical enzymes of liver gluconeogenesis, a process contributing to increased rates of glucose production in type 2 diabetes. Our findings demonstrate that PACs prevented obesity and improved insulin resistance likely via suppression of OxS and inflammation while diminishing hyperlipidemia and fatty liver disease, as clear evidence for their strength of fighting the cluster of MetS abnormalities.
Fall Detection Using Deep Learning in Range-Doppler Radars (2017)

In this paper, we propose an approach that uses deep learning to detect a human fall. The proposed approach automatically captures the intricate properties of the radar returns. In order to minimize false alarms, we fuse information from both the time-frequency and range domains. Experimental data is used to demonstrate the superiority of the deep learning based approach in comparison with the principal component analysis method and those methods incorporating predefined physically interpreted features.
Chirality logic gates (2022)

The ever-growing demand for faster and more efficient data transfer and processing has brought optical computation strategies to the forefront of research in next-generation computing. Here, we report a universal computing approach with the chirality degree of freedom. By exploiting the crystal symmetry-enabled well-known chiral selection rules, we demonstrate the viability of the concept in bulk silica crystals and atomically thin semiconductors and create ultrafast (<100-fs) all-optical chirality logic gates (XNOR, NOR, AND, XOR, OR, and NAND) and a half adder. We also validate the unique advantages of chirality gates by realizing multiple gates with simultaneous operation in a single device and electrical control. Our first demonstrations of logic gates using chiral selection rules suggest that optical chirality could provide a powerful degree of freedom for future optical computing.
Levels of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies among fully vaccinated individuals with Delta or Omicron variant breakthrough infections (2022)

SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern have continuously evolved and may erode vaccine induced immunity. In this observational cohort study, we determine the risk of breakthrough infection in a fully vaccinated cohort. SARS-CoV-2 anti-spike IgG levels were measured before first SARS-CoV-2 vaccination and at day 21-28, 90 and 180, as well as after booster vaccination. Breakthrough infections were captured through the Danish National Microbiology database. incidence rate ratio (IRR) for breakthrough infection at time-updated anti-spike IgG levels was determined using Poisson regression. Among 6076 participants, 127 and 364 breakthrough infections due to Delta and Omicron variants were observed. IRR was 0.29 (95% CI 0.15-0.56) for breakthrough infection with the Delta variant, comparing the highest and lowest quintiles of anti-spike IgG. For Omicron, no significant differences in IRR were observed. These results suggest that quantitative level of anti-spike IgG have limited impact on the risk of breakthrough infection with Omicron.
Transferrin Protein and Iron Uptake By Liver Parenchymal-cells - Subcellular-distribution in Rat Livers (1984)

Transferrin Protein and Iron Uptake By Liver Parenchymal-cells - Subcellular-distribution in Rat Livers
Preparation of Ethylenimine and Triethylenemelamine (1955)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPreparation of Ethylenimine and TriethylenemelamineV. P. Wystrach, Donald W. Kaiser, and Fred C. SchaeferCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1955, 77, 22, 5915–5918Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1955Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1955https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01627a040https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01627a040research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1627Altmetric-Citations46LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Three and Four-Electrode Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy Studies Using Embedded Composite Thin Film Pseudo-Reference Electrodes in Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells (2019)

One and two pseudo-reference electrode proton exchange membrane fuel cell devices were fabricated using composite thin film composed of Nafion and Ag paste as the reference electrode. Three and four-electrode electrochemical studies were performed isolating different parts of the cell. Summing the scans utilizing the reference electrode(s) resulted in good agreement with the two-electrode scan across the entire cell. A DC current was passed through the cell under constant resistive load conditions. The equations necessary to determine the cell and the anode/cathode-reference impedance under constant resistive load are presented. A high frequency depressed arc present in the spectra of the entire cell had contributions from both the anode-reference and the cathode-reference scans. Reactance present in the four-electrode measurements isolating a section of the membrane further suggests that the high frequency depressed semicircle in the cell scan can, at least in part, be attributed to the membrane. The present work shows that by using embedded pseudo-reference electrodes, the polarization behavior of cathode and anode can be investigated independently and unambiguously without the need for de-convolution of spectra across the entire cell.
A sensory grammar for inferring behaviors in sensor networks (2006)

The ability of a sensor network to parse out observable activities into a set of distinguishable actions is a powerful feature that can potentially enable many applications of sensor networks to everyday life situations. In this paper we introduce a framework that uses a hierarchy of Probabilistic Context Free Grammars (PCFGs) to perform such parsing. The power of the framework comes from the hierarchical organization of grammars that allows the use of simple local sensor measurements for reasoning about more macroscopic behaviors. Our presentation describes how to use a set of phonemes to construct grammars and how to achieve distributed operation using a messaging model. The proposed framework is flexible. It can be mapped to a network hierarchy or can be applied sequentially and across the network to infer behaviors as they unfold in space and time. We demonstrate this functionality by inferring simple motion patterns using a sequence of simple direction vectors obtained from our camera sensor network testbed.
Measuring CET of High-k Dielectrics with Novel Kinetic Approach Using Micro-Site Corona – Kelvin Method (2014)

Freshly deposited surfaces of high-k dielectrics revealed a new set of challenges for monitoring capacitance equivalent thickness, CET, using micro-site corona – Kelvin metrology. Specifically, ions deposited by corona discharge may have a queue-time dependent high surface diffusivity, which causes charge spreading away from charging spot under the Kelvin voltage probe. This could result in underestimation of dielectric thickness and unrepeatable results. To overcome this problem, we have developed a kinetic approach based on the analysis of the surface voltage transient after point source corona charging. The mathematical solution of the two-dimensional diffusion equation enables fitting of the voltage transient and reliable determination of two parameters: the surface diffusion coefficient and the dielectric capacitance. The latter one gives CET. The kinetic approach was applied to HfO 2 layers deposited by atomic layer deposition. Repeatable CET measurements for a range of high-k surface conditions and thicknesses are presented. Elimination of queue-time dependence achieved with the novel kinetic approach is a significant advantage for fab-line monitoring.
The Impulse Blower (1991)

The impulse blower provides essentially constant relative flow velocity through the impeller so that impeller blade entrance and exit velocity are equal. This results in a large guide vane entrance velocity and requires relatively large guide vane flow deflections. Special consideration must be given to assure that the flow through the blower is established in the desired direction. The impulse blower can operate with a large pressure coefficient which in turn permits using a small impeller diameter together with a small casing. Two blowers have been built and tested to evaluate performance and noise of impulse blowers. They confirm the expected reduction in size, weight and space under otherwise similar operating conditions.
Therapeutic immunomodulation by rationally designed nucleic acids and nucleic acid nanoparticles (2023)

The immune system has evolved to defend organisms against exogenous threats such as viruses, bacteria, fungi, and parasites by distinguishing between "self" and "non-self". In addition, it guards us against other diseases, such as cancer, by detecting and responding to transformed and senescent cells. However, for survival and propagation, the altered cells and invading pathogens often employ a wide range of mechanisms to avoid, inhibit, or manipulate the immunorecognition. As such, the development of new modes of therapeutic intervention to augment protective and prevent harmful immune responses is desirable. Nucleic acids are biopolymers essential for all forms of life and, therefore, delineating the complex defensive mechanisms developed against non-self nucleic acids can offer an exciting avenue for future biomedicine. Nucleic acid technologies have already established numerous approaches in therapy and biotechnology; recently, rationally designed nucleic acids nanoparticles (NANPs) with regulated physiochemical properties and biological activities has expanded our repertoire of therapeutic options. When compared to conventional therapeutic nucleic acids (TNAs), NANP technologies can be rendered more beneficial for synchronized delivery of multiple TNAs with defined stabilities, immunological profiles, and therapeutic functions. This review highlights several recent advances and possible future directions of TNA and NANP technologies that are under development for controlled immunomodulation.
Stable fabrication of a large nanopore by controlled dielectric breakdown in a high-pH solution for the detection of various-sized molecules (2019)

For nanopore sensing of various-sized molecules with high sensitivity, the size of the nanopore should be adjusted according to the size of each target molecule. For solid-state nanopores, a simple and inexpensive nanopore fabrication method utilizing dielectric breakdown of a membrane is widely used. This method is suitable for fabricating a small nanopore. However, it suffers two serious problems when attempting to fabricate a large nanopore: the generation of multiple nanopores and the non-opening failure of a nanopore. In this study, we found that nanopore fabrication by dielectric breakdown of a SiN membrane under high-pH conditions (pH ≥ 11.3) could overcome these two problems and enabled the formation of a single large nanopore up to 40 nm in diameter within one minute. Moreover, the ionic-current blockades derived from streptavidin-labelled and non-labelled DNA passing through the fabricated nanopore were clearly distinguished. The current blockades caused by streptavidin-labelled DNA could be identified even when its concentration is 1% of the total DNA.
Defective Post-translational Modification of Collagen IV in a Mutant F9 Teratocarcinoma Cell Line Is Associated with Delayed Differentiation and Growth Arrest in Response to Retinoic Acid (1989)

We have selected a mutant F9 teratocarcinoma stem cell line, RA-5-1, which does not exhibit normal differentiation into parietal endoderm in the presence of retinoic acid, dibutyryl cyclic AMP, and theophylline (RACT). In this report, we demonstrate that the RA-5-1 mutant possesses a prolyl-4-hydroxylase enzyme with a higher Km for a synthetic collagen substrate and that this alteration results in a 6-7-fold reduction in the amount of collagen IV in the medium of RACT-treated mutant cells, as compared to wild type F9 cells. In addition, the collagen IV that is secreted by RACT-treated RA-5-1 cells has an abnormally low molecular weight and contains 6-9-fold less 4-hydroxyproline than the collagen IV secreted by RACT-treated wild type F9 cells. A brief ascorbate treatment can increase the hydroxyproline content of the collagen IV secreted by RACT-treated RA-5-1 cells. A large reduction in the amount of laminin in the medium of RACT-treated RA-5-1 mutant cells is also observed. Concomitant with the reduction in collagen IV and laminin polypeptides in the medium, the expression of several other differentiation-specific mRNAs is delayed in the RACT-treated RA-5-1 cells relative to wild type F9 cells. Moreover, the mutant cells do not exhibit the morphology or the complete growth arrest of wild type terminally differentiated parietal endoderm cells in the presence of RACT. These results suggest that a defect in the post-translational modification of collagen IV in the mutant RA-5-1 prevents the complete expression of the differentiation program in response to RACT. These experiments also demonstrate that the expression of certain differentiation-specific genes is compatible with continued proliferation in the mutant line.
Mechanical properties of magnesium ammonium phosphate cements and their zeolite composites (1993)

Phosphate-bonded cements have been proposed as candidates for solidification and stabilization of mixed wastes. Magnesium ammonium phosphate (MAP) has been investigated as a candidate material. Detailed physical and mechanical properties of MAP cement are reported. It is synthesized by the route of reaction of calcined MgO and ammonium phosphate solution. Samples are made by setting the cement at room temperature and slight pressure. The porosity is reduced to {approximately}11% by impregnation of ammonium phosphate solution. Detailed mechanical properties such as flexural strength, fracture toughness and compression strength are reported and fracture mechanical analyses supported with scanning electron microscopy are provided. Properties of composites of these cements with zeolites, which may be used for containment of radioactive as well as chemical waste are studied. We demonstrate that the strengths of these composites compare well with portland cement even after 50% loading of zeolites. Fracture mechanical implications of such loadings are given.
Delivering pump light to a laser gain element while maintaining access to the laser beam (2023)

A lens duct is used for pump delivery and the laser beam is accessed through an additional component called the intermediate beam extractor which can be implemented as part of the gain element, part of the lens duct or a separate component entirely.
ChemInform Abstract: Kinetic and Thermodynamic Effects of Mutations of Human Sulfite Oxidase (2012)

Abstract Review: 44 refs.
<title>Resolution And Proximity Effect In Optical Lithography</title> (1988)

The question as to how accurately small object features can be reproduced in optical microlithography does not have a simple answer. It depends not only on the dimensions of the feature, but also on whether it is a line or a space, whether there are other features nearby (the proximity effect), on the resist thickness, and on whether the features are to have the dimensions of the ideal optical image or are &quot;biased&quot;. This paper explores these topics by modeling the imaging, exposure, and development steps. In order to discover the significant dependencies we first investigate the simple model of a resist layer deposited onto a non-reflecting substrate. It shows that an isolated resist line has approximately the correct dimensions in all sizes when the imaging is done with partially coherent light. The isolated spaces, however, show deviations from the design size, which are caused by diffraction effects. For spaces (0.6 - 1.0) &lambda;/NA wide the light intensity in the center of the space is larger than the intensity of the incident light causing the resist to develop through faster than in a very large area For spaces smaller than 0.6 &lambda;/NA the light intensity in the image drops rapidly and the spaces can no longer be reproduced. The dependence on coherence of the light, on resist thickness, and on the degree of focus are also investigated. On real sur-faces of silicon, Si02, and aluminum reflections cause interference effects and dramatic variations in exposure with resist thickness. After these effects are taken into account, the resolution is much poorer (0.9 &lambda;/NA in the case of silicon, worse for aluminum). Biasing of the masks does not improve the resolution capability. On the other hand, a post-bake of the re-sist pattern can cause a dramatic improvement of the imaging quality and can increase the resolution to where it is comparable to that obtained on the non-reflective substrate.
Extracellular phosphorylation of C9 by protein kinase CK2 regulates complement-mediated lysis (2005)

Ecto-protein kinases (ecto-PK) are expressed on many cell types, both normal and malignant, yet their functions are largely unknown. An ecto-PK capable of phosphorylating the C9 component of the complement system is described. This C9 ecto-PK could be inhibited by TBB, Emodin and DRB, selective inhibitors of protein kinase CK2. Treatment of Raji human B lymphoma cells with these CK2 inhibitors augmented cell killing by Rituximab (anti-CD20 antibodies) and human complement. Analysis of C5b-7-bearing Raji cells showed that extracellular inhibition of the ecto-CK2 enhanced cell lysis by C8 and C9. Blocking of the membrane complement regulator CD59 with monoclonal antibodies further enhanced the effect of the CK2 inhibitors on Raji cell death by complement. C9 ecto-CK2 activity was increased on cancer cells relative to normal fibroblasts and blood cells. Therefore, ecto-CK2 appears to be an additional factor protecting cells from complement-mediated lysis, probably by phosphorylation/inhibition of complement C9.
Soft Patchy Nanoparticles from Solution-Phase Self-Assembly of Binary Diblock Copolymers (2008)

The fabrication of highly ordered, defect-free nanostructures is a key challenge in nanotechnology. Bottom-up fabrication approaches require nanobuilding blocks of precisely defined size and shape. In this work we propose a simple approach to obtain one type of building block--soft patchy nanoparticles--suggested by a series of coarse grain molecular dynamics simulations. A binary mixture of two different diblock copolymers with a common hydrophobic block but sufficiently dissimilar hydrophilic blocks reliably self-assembles into a "patchy" spherical micelle in water, with phase separation of the two hydrophilic blocks on the surface of the micelle core. Subsequent crosslinking of the core to solidify the patchy sphere geometry should allow further hierarchical assembly. Altering the hydrophilic versus hydrophobic composition of each polymer yields a change of morphology from "patchy spheres" to "patchy cylinders". Furthermore, by controlling the interaction strength of the blocks with solvent, the patches can be selectively placed either on the outer surface or inside the core of the micelle. The number and size of the patches are found to be largely controlled by the composition of the binary copolymer mixture.