gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Barley HvHMA1 Is a Heavy Metal Pump Involved in Mobilizing Organellar Zn and Cu and Plays a Role in Metal Loading into Grains (2012)

Heavy metal transporters belonging to the P(1B)-ATPase subfamily of P-type ATPases are key players in cellular heavy metal homeostasis. Heavy metal transporters belonging to the P(1B)-ATPase subfamily of P-type ATPases are key players in cellular heavy metal homeostasis. In this study we investigated the properties of HvHMA1, which is a barley orthologue of Arabidopsis thaliana AtHMA1 localized to the chloroplast envelope. HvHMA1 was localized to the periphery of chloroplast of leaves and in intracellular compartments of grain aleurone cells. HvHMA1 expression was significantly higher in grains compared to leaves. In leaves, HvHMA1 expression was moderately induced by Zn deficiency, but reduced by toxic levels of Zn, Cu and Cd. Isolated barley chloroplasts exported Zn and Cu when supplied with Mg-ATP and this transport was inhibited by the AtHMA1 inhibitor thapsigargin. Down-regulation of HvHMA1 by RNA interference did not have an effect on foliar Zn and Cu contents but resulted in a significant increase in grain Zn and Cu content. Heterologous expression of HvHMA1 in heavy metal-sensitive yeast strains increased their sensitivity to Zn, but also to Cu, Co, Cd, Ca, Mn, and Fe. Based on these results, we suggest that HvHMA1 is a broad-specificity exporter of metals from chloroplasts and serve as a scavenging mechanism for mobilizing plastid Zn and Cu when cells become deficient in these elements. In grains, HvHMA1 might be involved in mobilizing Zn and Cu from the aleurone cells during grain filling and germination.
Smart cards in hostile environments (1996)

One often hears the claim that smart cards are the solution to a number of security problems, including those arising in point-of-sale systems. In this paper, we characterize the minimal properties necessary for the secure smart card point-of-sale transactions. Many proposed systems fail to provide these properties: problems arise from failures to provide secure communication channels between the user and the smart card while operating in a potentially hostile environment (such as a point-of-sale application.) Moreover, we discuss several types of modifications that can be made to give smart cards additional input/output capacity with a user, and describe how this additional I/O can address the hostile environment problem. We give a notation for describing the effectiveness of smart cards under various environmental assumptions. We discuss several security equivalences among different scenarios for smart cards in hostile environments. Using our notation, these equivalences include: ff...
Biochemical Markers for Preterm Labor and Birth: WHAT IS THEIR ROLE IN THE CARE OF PREGNANT WOMEN? (1999)

Two biochemical tests, one for oncofetal fibronectin (fFN) and the other for estriol found in maternal saliva (SalEst) have been developed to improve the ability to predict preterm labor and birth. Fetal fibronectin is a protein secreted by the trophoblast and not normally present in vaginal and cervical secretions late in pregnancy. The presence of fFN between 22 and 37 weeks gestation may be a marker for preterm labor. Salivary estriol is a form of estrogen produced in the placenta from fetal precursors. Normally, estriol rises during pregnancy--the rise being accelerated 3 to 5 weeks prior to both term and preterm births. Both tests have high negative predictive values. This may serve to prevent unnecessary treatment of women with uterine contractions who are not truly in preterm labor. The fFN specimen is collected during vaginal examination. Sexual intercourse or vaginal examination within the prior 24 hours, vaginal bleeding, and uterine contractions may lead to a false positive test. Salivary estriol may be collected by the woman in her own home; however, specific instructions about eating, drinking, smoking, and the timing of saliva collection must be followed. Further study of both tests is required to determine their potential for reducing rates of preterm birth.
A Novel Tri-Band Wilkinson Power Divider for Multiband Wireless Applications (2017)

This letter presents a novel and simple technique for the design of an arbitrary tri-band Wilkinson power divider. The proposed technique is based on the use of quarter-wave open stubs (QWOS) at the desired operation frequencies, placed at appropriate positions along the divider's 50-Ω output transmission lines, to create the targeted tri-band response. These stubs present a high impedance at the frequencies of interest, while introducing transmission zeroes between the operation bands. For a compact design, slow-wave structure has been adopted to miniaturize the conventional divider's arms. To validate the above concept, a power divider-intended to operate in the 1.5-, 1.9-, and 2.35-GHz frequency bands-is designed. The results of the fabricated circuit present low insertion loss of less than 0.45 dB while offering an isolation better than 15 dB in the three bands of operation. Compared to recently published results, the proposed divider exhibits the largest fractional bandwidth at each operation frequency. Furthermore, it can be easily extended to more bands by adding QWOS depending on the required number of bands.
Occurrence of periodontal bacteria in healthy children: a 2‐year longitudinal study (2003)

A. actinomycetemcomitans, C. ochracea, C. sputigena, P. nigrescens, C. rectus, and E. corrodens are common members of the oral microbial flora of healthy children, whereas P. gingivalis, P. intermedia, and T. denticola appear to be transient organisms.
UAV-based low-altitude aerial photogrammetric application in mine areas measurement (2012)

This paper investigated the application of UAV-based photogrammetry for accurate 3D mapping in mine areas. The workflow was proposed, including ground control network design, image acquisition, 3D mapping and information extraction, and accuracy evaluation. In image processing, the methods for accurate geo-referencing, DTM/DOM generation, and ortho-image generation were discussed. In the end, accuracy evaluation was conducted. The experimental results showed that low-altitude UAV-based photogrammetry is fully able to meet the actual needs, and has good potential in large scale mapping and three dimensional scene reconstruction.
Long-Term Results with the First Patellofemoral Prosthesis (2005)

Therapeutic Study, Level IV (case series). See the Guidelines for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Secretory pathway optimization of CHO producer cells by co-engineering of the mitosRNA-1978 target genes CerS2 and Tbc1D20 (2017)

Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO) cells are the most commonly used host for the production of biopharmaceuticals. Although transcription and translation engineering strategies have been employed to generate high-producer cell clones, the secretory pathway still remains a bottleneck in cellular productivity. In this study we show that ectopic expression of a human mitochondrial genome-encoded small RNA (mitosRNA-1978) in an IgG expressing CHO cell line strongly improved specific productivity by functioning in a microRNA-like fashion. By next generation sequencing we identified two endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-localized proteins, Ceramide Synthase 2 (CerS2) and the Rab1 GAP Tbc domain family member 20 (Tbc1D20), as target genes of mitosRNA-1978. Combined transient siRNA-mediated knockdown of CerS2 and Tbc1D20 resulted in increased specific productivity of CHO-IgG cells, thus recapitulating the mitosRNA-1978 phenotype. In support of a function in vesicular trafficking at the level of the ER, we provide evidence for altered cellular ceramide composition upon CerS2 knockdown and increased activity of Rab1 in CHO-IgG cells depleted of Tbc1D20. Importantly, in a fed-batch process, the combined stable knockdown of CerS2 and Tbc1D20 in CHO-IgG cells resulted in dramatically increased antibody production which was accompanied by enhanced cell growth. Thus, by identifying mitosRNA-1978 target genes in combination with an informed shRNA-mediated co-engineering approach we successfully optimized the secretory capacity of CHO producer cells used for the manufacturing of therapeutic proteins.
Design of a dual-band Wilkinson power divider using metamaterial transmission lines (2015)

Design of a dual-band two-way Wilkinson power divider to connect two GSM/UMTS/LTE transceivers with a single antenna for vehicular applications is presented. A mixed design approach combines the use of metamaterial transmission lines (TLs) to adjust flexibly two central frequencies of operation and the multi-section band-broadening technique to enhance the bandwidths. The designed power divider is shown advantageous compared with a conventional multi-section power divider. Measured characteristics agree quite well with the results of electromagnetic simulations that proves the design principle.
Performance evaluation of a 3GPP LTE terminal receiver (2008)

In this paper we present the evaluation of a receiver signal processing chain for a 3GPP long term evolution (LTE) terminal, including coarse synchronisation, channel estimation, fine syncronisation (tracking), MIMO equalization and detection. Algorithm blocks are first individually explained and simulatively evaluated with a realistic channel model. Adjustments of the blocks to each other for improved robustness are described, like interaction between time synchronization and channel estimation performance. After joint optimization, the performance of the complete chain is evaluated. Practical tradeoffs between complexity and performance are investigated and low-complexity algorithms are used. The presented receiver achieves an implementation loss of about 2 dB compared to perfect synchronization and channel estimation conditions.
Tailoring high-cut-off membranes and feasible application in sepsis-associated acute renal failure: in vitro studies (2005)

Our studies show that a mixed convective and diffusive technique ensures high cytokine clearances with an acceptable loss of albumin.
Large-eddy simulation of turbulent flow using the finite element method (1995)

The equations of motion describing turbulent flows (in both the low and high Reynolds-number regimes) are well established. However, present day computers cannot meet the enormous computational requirement for numerically solving the governing equations for common engineering flows in the high Reynolds number turbulent regime. The characteristics that make turbulent, high Reynolds number flows difficult to simulate is the extreme range of time and space scales of motion. Most current engineering calculations are performed using semi-empirical equations, developed in terms of the flow mean (average) properties. These turbulence "models" (semi-empirical/analytical approximations) do not explicitly account for the eddy structures and thus, the temporal and spatial flow fluctuations are not resolved. In these averaging approaches, it is necessary to approximate all the turbulent structures using semi-empirical relations, and as a result, the turbulence models must be tailored for specific flow conditions and geometries with parameters obtained (usually) from physical experiments. The motivation for this research is the development of a finite element turbulence modeling approach which will ultimately be used to predict the wind flow around buildings. Accurate turbulence models of building flow are needed to predict the dispersion of airborne pollutants. The building flow turbulence models used today are not capable of predicting the three-dimensional separating and reattaching flows without the manipulation of many empirical parameters. These empirical parameters must be set by experimental data and they may vary unpredictably with building geometry, building orientation, and upstream flow conditions.
English historical demography and the nuptiality conundrum: New perspectives (1998)

"In the last decade, nuptiality has been placed at the centre of the English demographic regime in the long eighteenth-century. Proto-industrial areas in particular are increasingly seen to have experienced substantial decline in the female age at first marriage during this period, helping to fuel substantial population growth. This article uses family reconstitution and other data to question the uniformity of this experience and to suggest new avenues of interpretation rather than simply observation. For Calverley in West Yorkshire, England, female marriage ages remained stable throughout the proto-industrialisation process. More significantly, the distribution of marriage ages around the mean was much narrower than similar measures elsewhere. The article suggests that kinship, a deep sentimental and practical attachment to land, and an early retirement system lay behind this experience."
ETV5 transcription program links BDNF and promotion of EMT at invasive front of endometrial carcinomas (2014)

Myometrial infiltration represents a main clinical determinant of endometrial carcinomas (EC) presenting as aggressive high-grade deeply invasive neoplasms, substantially associated with risk of recurrence and death. The up-regulation of ETV5 transcription factor linked to the promotion of epithelial to mesenchymal transition is considered as a basic mechanism underlying the initial steps of EC invasion. In this work, we aimed to investigate the transcription program of tumor invasion regulated by ETV5. We performed a comparative Chip-on-chip analysis at invasive front and superficial area of human EC. ETV5 specific binding to promoter regions of genes related to cellular migration, adhesion and invasion at deep invasion tumor areas highlighted the relevance of neural networks associated with cellular plasticity. Interestingly, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) demonstrated a principal role orchestrating ETV5-mediated epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in endometrial cancer. Impairment of the BDNF/tropomyosin-related kinase B (TrkB)/extracellular signal-regulated kinase axis in endometrial cancer cell lines reversed the aggressive and invasive phenotype promoted by the up-regulation of ETV5 at the invasive front of EC. Likewise, BDNF directly impacted on the efficiency of ETV5 promoted metastasis in a mice model of endometrial distant dissemination. These results translate the recognized role of BDNF/TrkB on neural plasticity into a relevant cancer metastasis event; suggest common mechanisms shared by neural development and tumor invasion; and offer new therapeutic opportunities specifically directed against disseminated disease in endometrial cancer.
Pharmacological treatments for tobacco dependence (2008)

There are currently three licensed therapies for smoking cessation: nicotine replacement (NR), bupropion and varenicline. NR can be indicated for: 1) aid in abrupt cessation; 2) gradual reduction in order to quit smoking; 3) temporary abstinence; and 4) smoking reduction maintenance. A meta-analysis has found that the relative risk of abstinence for any form of NR relative to control was 1.6. It has been found that starting NR treatment 1–3 weeks before smoking cessation and combining NR products, usually patch and gum, increases efficacy. Recently some new nicotine administration forms, i.e. lozenge, mouth spray and a pouch, have been developed. They seem to have the potential to relieve cravings faster than the current high-dose gum, and also be more preferred. Varenicline is a selective partial agonist at the α 4 β 2 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR). It decreases cravings and alleviates the symptoms of withdrawal. It can also reduce the rewarding and reinforcing effects of nicotine. Trials have shown varenicline to have increased efficacy relative to bupropion. Varenicline has also been compared with NR (21 mg transdermal patch) in one randomised study. Abstinence at the end of treatment at 12 weeks was significantly increased for varenicline (56%) compared with for nicotine patch (43%). Some post-marketing reports have expressed concern about psychiatric adverse effects, such as aggression, depression and suicides. The European Medicines Agency and the Food and Drug Administration of the USA are monitoring reported side-effects, but so far no confirmed casual relationship between these adverse effects and varenicline has been established. Bupropion inhibits neuronal re-uptake of dopamine and norepinephrine and is an antagonist on the nAChR. Its efficacy, compared with placebo, has been proved in several meta-analyses. A recent study suggests that longer pre-cessation use of bupropion, e.g. for 4 weeks, can improve efficacy results. Under development for the treatment of tobacco dependence are cannabinoid antagonists, immunotherapy against nicotine, monoaminooxidase inhibitors, dopamine receptor D3 receptor antagonists and partial agonists, glutamatergic and GABA-ergic compounds and novel selective nicotine cholinergic receptor agonists and antagonists.
A New Thermal-Fatigue Life Prediction Model for Wafer Level Chip Scale Package (WLCSP) Solder Joints (2002)

A new empirical equation for predicting the thermal-fatigue life of wafer level chip scale package (WLCSP) solder joints on printed circuit board (PCB) is presented. The solder joints are subjected to thermal cycling and their crack lengths at different thermal cycles are measured. Also, the average strain energy density around the crack tip of different crack lengths in the corner solder joint is determined by a time-dependent nonlinear fracture mechanics with finite element method. The solder is assumed to be a temperature-dependent elastic-plastic and a time-dependent creep material.
Valoración de la Credibilidad del Testimonio: Aplicación del Modelo Reality Monitoring (2013)

La necesidad jurídica de poder determinar cuál es nivel de credibilidad de una declaración ha dado lugar, a lo largo de los años, al desarrollo de técnicas basadas en el análisis del contenido de la declaración, técnicas como el conocido CBCA, el Reality Monitoring o el SCAN. Siendo conscientes de la gran cantidad de investigaciones acerca de la herramienta CBCA y de la escueta información sobre la técnica SCAN, para el presente estudio decidimos valorar las capacidades del modelo Reality Monitoring planteando la siguiente cuestión: ¿en qué medida puede contribuir éste modelo en la valoración de la credibilidad de un testimonio dentro del contexto de la Psicología Forense? Para responder a ésta pregunta marcamos dos objetivos: (1) establecer la validez del modelo Reality Monitoring para discriminar entre relatos honestos y falsos y, (2) determinar qué combinación de los criterios que componen la herramienta Reality Monitoring, resulta ser más efectiva para valorar la credibilidad de un testimonio. Tomando la base teórica de Johnson y Raye (1981), se crea un estudio empírico en el que, sobre una muestra de 40 estudiantes, se evalúan las diferencias de contenido existentes entre una serie de relatos reales y falsos aplicando el test JMCQ de Sporer y Kuepper (1995, 2004). Los principales resultados permiten establecer un grado de acierto situado por encima de los niveles de azar, así como confirmar la tendencia habitual de la herramienta a detectar con más precisión los relatos honestos que los falsos, permitiéndonos concluir que el modelo RM podría establecerse como una herramienta de apoyo a la hora de valorar la credibilidad de un testimonio, si bien es cierto que no podría usarse como herramienta definitiva para distinguir un testimonio verídico de uno falso.
Copolymerization of 2-Hydroxyethyl Acrylate and 2-Methoxyethyl Acrylate via RAFT: Kinetics and Thermoresponsive Properties (2010)

Kinetic studies of the (co)polymerization of 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate (H EA) and/or 2-methoxyethyl acrylate (M EA) via reversible addition fragmentation chain transfer polymerization (RAFT), using dibenzyltrithiocarbonate (DBTTC) as chain-transfer agent, resulting in well-defined copolymers, are presented. Both monomers were found to have equal reactivity revealing the formation of ideal random (azeotropic) copolymers. The thermoresponsive properties of aqueous solutions of the copolymers at 5 mg/ mL, depending on the polymer composition, the chain length, and the end-groups, were investigated. The cloud point (CP) of the synthesized copolymers increases with the content of HEA and decreases with the decreasing chain length. Exchanging one of the hydrophobic benzylic end-groups of the copolymers by isobutyronitrile resulted in more hydrophilic copolymers with significantly higher CP-temperatures. Thus, new potential biomaterials with an adjustable cloud point between 0 and 60 degrees C, showing a small hysteresis between heating and cooling, were successfully prepared.
ChemInform Abstract: TRIAZOLO(4,5‐D)PYRIMIDINES. II. ON 3‐METHYL‐ AND 3‐PHENYL‐3H‐1,2,3‐TRIAZOLO(4,5‐D)PYRIMIDINES (1980)

Abstract Auf den im Formelschema beschriebenen Wegen werden einige Triazoldeiivate dargestellt.
Role of SERPINB3, SERPINB4, and their mouse homolog Serpinb3a in allergen-induced cutaneous inflammation. (P3347) (2013)

Abstract The serine protease inhibitors SERPINB3 and SERPINB4 have been implicated in allergic disorders. We have recently demonstrated a role for the serine protease inhibitor Serpinb3a (the mouse homolog of SERPINB3 and SERPINB4) in a mouse model of asthma. Elevated levels of SERPINB3 and SERPINB4 are detected in the serum of patients with atopic dermatitis (AD) and they have been proposed as possible biomarkers for AD. Serine proteases are critical for epidermal barrier homeostasis and aberrant expression and/or activity of serine proteases have been associated with AD in human studies. We also observe a significant induction in the expression of Serpinb3a in a mouse model of cutaneous inflammation that has many similarities to AD. However the role of Serpinb3a in the skin is unknown. Using our mouse model of skin inflammation, we observed attenuation in trans-epidermal water loss, skin inflammation scores, decreased levels of total IgE, and pro-inflammatory markers like S100A8 in mice lacking Serpinb3a following exposure to Aspergillus fumigatus extract. In humans, we have identified a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the locus that encodes SERPINB3 and SERPINB4 that is associated with trans-epidermal water loss (p-val=0.031). In conclusion, we demonstrate that SERPINB3 and SERPINB4 contribute to cutaneous inflammation and work is ongoing to elucidate the role of this protein in regulating the skin barrier.
Long noncoding RNA #32 contributes to antiviral responses by controlling interferon-stimulated gene expression (2016)

Despite the breadth of knowledge that exists regarding the function of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) in biological phenomena, the role of lncRNAs in host antiviral responses is poorly understood. Here, we report that lncRNA#32 is associated with type I IFN signaling. The silencing of lncRNA#32 dramatically reduced the level of IFN-stimulated gene (ISG) expression, resulting in sensitivity to encephalomyocarditis virus (EMCV) infection. In contrast, the ectopic expression of lncRNA#32 significantly suppressed EMCV replication, suggesting that lncRNA#32 positively regulates the host antiviral response. We further demonstrated the suppressive function of lncRNA#32 in hepatitis B virus and hepatitis C virus infection. lncRNA#32 bound to activating transcription factor 2 (ATF2) and regulated ISG expression. Our results reveal a role for lncRNA#32 in host antiviral responses.
Visual Memory Effects on Intraoperator Study Design (2015)

Pathologists were capable of recalling from memory cases seen previously at 2 and 4 weeks. Recall rates may be sufficiently high to affect intraobserver study design.