gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Flow cytometric measurement of peptidases with use of 5-nitrosalicylaldehyde and 4-methoxy-beta-naphthylamine derivatives. (1977)

Abstract Enzyme activity can be measured in single cells or in cell suspensions by either static or flow microfluorometry when a fluorogenic substrate is used. We have used amino acid derivatives of arylamines as fluorogenic substrates for tagging cellular proteinases. The liberated aromatic amine, which can diffuse from the cell, is trapped as a fluorescent insoluble Schiff-base product with 5-nitrosalicylaldehyde, with the peak of fluorescence emission shifted from lambdaem 425 nm to lambdaem 530 and 595 nm. Although the reaction is faster at pH 4 than at higher pH's, the equilibrium during the assay of certain peptidase activities is such that the liberated aromatic amine is trapped in the cell at pH values as high as 7.5. 5-Nitrosalicylaldehyde causes almost no inhibition of substrate hydrolysis at 1 mmol/liter, a concentration exceeding that required for complete trapping of reaction product. The kinetics of enzymatic reactions with four synthetic substrates are demonstrated in intact Balb 3T3 cells and sonicated preparations in the presence of 5-nitrosalicylaldehyde. Hydrolytic rates for the substrate, CBZ-ala-arg-arg-4-methoxy-beta-naphthylamine, are given for single 3T3 cells by microfluorophotometry and for suspensions of 3T3 cells by flow cytometry. The clinical value of the method is demonstrated for differentiating mixed populations of leukocytes.
Impact of flip-chip packaging on copper/low-k structures (2003)

Copper/low-k structures are the desired choice for advanced integrated circuits (ICs). Nevertheless, the reliability might become a concern due to the considerably lower strength and greater coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) of the low-k materials. To ensure successful integration of the new chips within advanced packaging products, it is essential to understand the impact of packaging on chips with copper/low k structures. In this study, flip-chip die attach process has been studied. Multilevel, multiscale modeling technique was used to bridge the large gap between the maximum and minimum dimensions. Interface fracture mechanics-based approach has been used to predict interface delamination. Both plastic ball grid array (PBGA) and ceramic ball grid array (CBGA) packages were evaluated. Critical failure locations and interfaces were identified for both packages. The impact of thin film residual stresses has been studied at both wafer level and package level. Both PBGA and CBGA packaging die-attach processes induce significantly higher crack driving force on the low-k interfaces than the wafer process. CBGA die-attach might be more critical than PBGA die-attach due to the higher temperature. During CBGA die-attach process, the crack driving force at the low-k/passivation interface may exceed the measured interfacial strength. Two solutions have been suggested to prevent catastrophic delamination in copper/low-k flip-chip packages, improving adhesion strength of low-k/barrier interface or adding tiles and slots in low-k structures to reduce possible area for crack growth.
Unsuspected Lymphoma Diagnosed with Use of Biopsy During Kyphoplasty (2006)

Lymphoma is an uncommon cause of a vertebral compression fracture, but on the basis of our experience in this series, we recommend that vertebral body biopsy specimens be obtained in all patients managed with kyphoplasty and vertebroplasty to rule out an unsuspected malignant tumor. However, we do not recommend the routine use of an additional bone-marrow aspiration from the iliac crest during vertebral augmentation procedures because doing so did not appear to enhance our ability to detect a malignant tumor.
SemEval-2014 Task 9: Sentiment Analysis in Twitter (2014)

We describe the Sentiment Analysis in Twitter task, ran as part of SemEval-2014. It is a continuation of the last year's task that ran successfully as part of SemEval-2013. As in 2013, this was the most popular SemEval task; a total of 46 teams contributed 27 submissions for subtask A (21 teams) and 50 submissions for subtask B (44 teams). This year, we introduced three new test sets: (i) regular tweets, (ii) sarcastic tweets, and (iii) LiveJournal sentences. We further tested on (iv) 2013 tweets, and (v) 2013 SMS messages. The highest F1score on (i) was achieved by NRC-Canada at 86.63 for subtask A and by TeamX at 70.96 for subtask B.
On the capacity of space-time block codes in MIMO Rayleigh fading channels (2005)

In this paper, we investigate the capacity of orthogonal space-time block coding (STBC) in Rayleigh fading, subject to different power and rate adaptation policies. These policies can be performed on a frame-by-frame basis provided that partial channel state information (CSI), consisting of the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) level as estimated by the receiver, is fed back to the transmitter. This allows for adapting the transmit power and rate to the variations of the fading channel using different policies that provide for different compromises between the achievable capacity and the corresponding implementation complexity. In particular, we derive exact closed-form expressions for the Shannon capacity of three power and rate adaptation policies, namely, the optimal power and rate adaptation, the total channel inversion with fixed rate policy, and its variant, the so-called truncated channel inversion with fixed rate policy.
Improving Software Development Management through Software Project Telemetry (2005)

Conventional wisdom in the software engineering research community says that metrics can make project management more effective. Software metrics range from internal product attributes such as size, complexity, and modularity to external process attributes such as effort, productivity, and reliability. Software project telemetry facilitates local, in-process decision making.
Optical Properties of Fluorescent Polyimide Langmuir-Blodgett Films Containing 2,5-Distyrylpyrazine (1996)

UV-visible absorption and photoluminescence, originating from the 2,5-distyrylpyrazine (DSP) chromophore incorporated into the polymer backbone of polyamic acid and polyimide were demonstrated in the Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) films. The formation of an aggregated structure with a large Stokes shift and a weak emissive intensity was observed in the cases of the polyamic acid 1 and the polyimide 3 LB films. In-plane anisotropic optical properties manifested by the polymer LB films indicated that the DSP chromophores were highly oriented parallel to the dipping direction. Meanwhile, photo-polymerization of the DSP chromophores was observed in the polyimide 3 LB film. This suggested that a three dimensional network structure was formed in the polymer LB film.
Breakthrough in radio technology offers new application options (2003)

Spread spectrum transmission and the implementation of this technology in a wireless packet data network called ARLAN are described. Some key features of the combination include wideband data transmission about 100 times faster than conventional radio, ultrasecure communication, high immunity to interference, error-free transmission, fast user response time, and transparence to user software. The status of Canadian regulations is also presented. Typical uses are described and new applications suggested.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Feedback control for router congestion resolution (2005)

Queueing is a crucial component in effective router congestion control. If packets are dropped indiscriminately by the queueing system, in some cases, the effect can be to encourage senders to actually increase their transmission rates, worsening the congestion and destabilizing the system.We approach this congestion problem from the point of view of the elementary concepts of game theory and control theory. We provide a queueing mechanism with feedback-control. Our analysis shows that the protocol achieves high throughput as well as fairness in allocating capacity among sources, while maintaining bounded queue lengths and responding dynamically to changes in network flow conditions. Perhaps most importantly, the new protocol is shown in network simulations to have superior ability (compared with previous solutions) to protect responsive flows (specifically TCP) against router flooding by multiple high-volume unresponsive (e.g., UDP) flows.
Secondary migration of a central venous catheter. A case report. (2003)

A case of central venous catheter (CVC) secondary migration in a patient with Hodgkin's lymphoma is reported. The catheter was inserted in the right internal jugular vein with anterior approach. The correct position of the catheter tip in the superior vena cava was confirmed by X-ray. Secondary migration to the right subclavian vein, without displacement at the point of insertion, was reported 8 days later by a chest X-ray performed for worsening of the respiratory condition. CVC was removed and reinserted with the same procedure. The correct position of the catheter tip was confirmed by thoracic radiography till 10 days later. Epidemiological data present in the literature and secondary migration predisposing factors are reported.
Vision Based Sensing Of Position And Orientation Of Overlapped Variably Shaped Components For Robot Manipulation (1985)

Situations exist in which groups of similar parts are fed into the assembly process as clusters of randomly oriented components. Very limited success has been achieved, to date, in the development of sensors that can determine the position and orientation of a part within a cluster. Consequently, the parts must first be mechanically separated and presented to a robot for manipulation. This is not always feasible due to the nature of the manufacturing process or due to the nature of the part itself. Locating variably shaped components poses a particularly challenging problem for a vision based sensing unit. In the electronic manufacturing environment, this situation arises when the extreme flexibility of the leads of some axial-leaded discrete components results in their random spatial deformation. This effect combined with the possibility of mutual overlapping complicates the recognition and separation task. An efficient strategy for accomplishing such a task has been developed. A mechanical manipulator, a vision system, and a light table are used to detect the polarity of notched capacitors supplied in disordered random patterns with overlaps. The method is based on the recognition of local features that are extracted as a result of the masking of the binary image with a grid of curvilinear polygons, which fragments the image into a mosaic of dispersed information islands. This paper will describe the algorithms which ultimately lead to the derivation of the position and orientation of each individual component. Image processing takes place in parallel to the robot motion. As a consequence of the algorithm speed, the total time of the task implementation is now only bounded by the speed of the mechanical motion.
Iron‐sulphur cluster nitrosyls, a novel class of nitric oxide generator: mechanism of vasodilator action on rat isolated tail artery (1992)

1. Two iron-sulphur cluster nitrosyls have been investigated as potential nitric oxide (NO.) donor drugs (A: tetranitrosyltetra-mu 3-sulphidotetrahedro-tetrairon; and B: heptanitrosyltri-mu 3-thioxotetraferrate(1-)). Both compounds are shown to dilate precontracted, internally-perfused rat tail arteries. 2. Bolus injections (10 microliters) of compound A or B generate two kinds of vasodilator response. Doses below a critical threshold concentration (DT) evoke transient (or T-type) responses, which resemble those seen with conventional nitrovasodilators. Doses > DT produce sustained (or S-type) responses, comprising an initial, rapid drop of pressure, followed by incomplete recovery, resulting in a plateau of reduced tone which can persist for several hours. 3. T- and S-type responses are attenuated by ferrohaemoglobin (Hb) and by methylene blue (MB), but not by inhibitors of endothelial NO. synthase. Addition of either Hb or MB to the internal perfusate can restore agonist-induced tone when administered during the plateau phase of an S-type response. Moreover, subsequent removal of Hb causes the artery to re-dilate fully. 4. We conclude that T- and S-type responses are both mediated by NO.. It is postulated that S-type responses represent the sum of two vasodilator components: a reversible component, superimposed upon a non-recoverable component. The former is attributed to free NO., preformed in solution at the time of injection; and the latter to NO. generated by gradual decomposition of a 'store' of iron-sulphur-nitrosyl complexes within the tissue. This hypothesis is supported by histochemical studies which show that both clusters accumulate in endothelial cells.
Evolution of the biomechanical material properties of the femur (2002)

The biomechanical performance of long bones is dictated by four key factors: element size, element shape, loading conditions, and material properties. Our understanding of the latter of these has been mostly limited to eutherian mammals and birds, which show similarity. Whether their possession of comparable material properties reflects common ancestry or independent evolution is uncertain. In the present analysis, we tested the bending strength, modulus, and failure strains of the femur and its pterygiophore homolog in actinpterygian fish. Sixty-nine specimens representing basal character states in seven major vertebrate crown clades were tested. These data were then coupled with avian and mammalian data from the literature and analyzed in an evolutionary context using phylogenetic character analysis. Mean values of 188 MPa for yield strength, 22.4 GPa for Young's modulus, and 8,437 mu epsilon for yield strain were obtained for the long bones. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed comparable values between clades that span a 30,000-fold range of body mass. We conclude that material properties of the first long bones 475 million years ago were conserved throughout evolution. Major locomotory challenges to femora during vertebrate evolution were almost solely accomplished by modifications of element size and shape.
Noggin Inhibits Postoperative Resynostosis in Craniosynostotic Rabbits (2007)

These data support our hypothesis that inhibition of BMP activity using Noggin may prevent postoperative resynostosis in this rabbit model. These findings also suggest that Noggin therapy may have potential clinical use to prevent postoperative resynostosis in infants with craniosynostosis.
Nanostructured Sheets of TiO Nanobelts for Gas Sensing and Antibacterial Applications (2008)

Abstract Three types of TiO‐compound‐based nanobelts (Na 2 Ti 3 O 7 , H 2 Ti 3 O 7 , TiO 2 ) are prepared from commercial TiO 2 powders via an alkaline hydrothermal process. Nanostructured sheets based on the as‐synthesized nanobelts are prepared using a paper‐making process. The nanobelts are connected with hydrogen bonds or/and bridge oxygen atoms and packed together, forming a paperlike porous network structure, with an average pore size of ∼500 nm. The electrical properties and gas sensing of the nanostructured sheets are demonstrated to display sensitivity down to sub‐ppb levels. H 2 Ti 3 O 7 nanobelts decorated with Ag nanoparticles have also been applied as an antibacterial agent.
Folded Perylene Diimide Loops as Mechanoresponsive Motifs (2021)

A supramolecular mechanophore that can be integrated into polymers and indicates deformation by a fluorescence color change is reported. Two perylene diimides (PDIs) were connected by a short spacer and equipped with peripheral atom transfer polymerization initiators. In the idle state, the motif folds into a loop and its emission is excimer dominated. Poly(methyl acrylate) (PMA) chains were grown from the motif and the mechanophore-containing polymer was blended with unmodified PMA to afford materials that display a visually discernible fluorescence color change upon deformation, which causes the loops to unfold. The response is instant, and correlates linearly with the applied strain. Experiments with a reference polymer containing only one PDI moiety show that looped mechanophores that display intramolecular excimer formation offer considerable advantages over intermolecular dye aggregates, including a concentration-independent response, direct signaling of mechanical processes, and a more pronounced optical change.
Editorial (2005)

Significant Inventions I was recently interviewed in the str eet for a radio programme.I was asked what I th ought was the most significant scientific invention since World War II .My answer was the t ransistor because of what it has enabled usto do in
Average min-sum decoding of LDPC codes (2008)

Simulations have shown that the outputs of min-sum (MS) decoding generally behave in one of two ways: either the output vector eventually stabilizes at a codeword or it eventually cycles through a finite set of vectors that may include both codewords and non-codewords. The latter behavior has significantly contributed to the difficulty in studying the performance of this decoder. To overcome this problem, a new decoder, average min-sum (AMS), is proposed; this decoder outputs the average of the MS output vectors over a finite set of iterations. Simulations comparing MS, AMS, linear programming (LP) decoding, and maximum likelihood (ML) decoding are presented, illustrating the relative performances of each of these decoders. In general, MS and AMS have comparable word error rates; however, in the simulation of a code with large block length, AMS has a significantly lower bit error rate. Finally, AMS pseudocodewords are introduced and their relationship to graph cover and LP pseudocodewords is explored, with particular focus on the AMS pseudocodewords of regular LDPC codes and cycle codes.
Bioconjugation Using Mutant Glycosyltransferases for the Site-Specific Labeling of Biomolecules with Sugars Carrying Chemical Handles (2011)

This chapter presents a technique that employs mutant glycosyltransferase enzymes for the site-specific bioconjugation of biomolecules via a glycan moiety to facilitate the development of a targeted drug delivery system. The target specificity of this methodology is based on unique sugar residues that are present on glycoproteins or engineered glycopeptides. The glycosyltransferases used in this approach have been manipulated in a way that confers the ability to transfer a modified sugar residue with a chemical handle to a sugar moiety of the glycoprotein or to a polypeptide tag of an engineered nonglycoprotein. The availability of the modified sugar moiety thus makes it possible to link cargo molecules at specific sites. The cargo may be comprised of, for example, biotin or fluorescent tags for detection, imaging agents for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), or cytotoxic drugs for cancer therapy.
Protective Effects of Simvastatin, a Lipid Lowering Agent, against Oxidative Damage in Experimental Diabetic Rats (2011)

The present study was undertaken to evaluate the possible protective effects of simvastatin (SMV) against oxidative stress in streptozotocin- (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. Diabetes was induced experimentally in rats by i.p. injection of STZ in a dose of 60 mg/kg bwt. After 5 weeks of STZ injection, there were apparent reductions in the animal body weight and significant increase in blood glucose, HbA1(c), urea, creatinine, AST, ALT, and lipid profiles with a concomitant decrease in total hemoglobin, plasma glutathione and vitamin C as compared to the control group. The treatment with SMV at a dose (10 mg/kg, orally) normalized all the above-mentioned biochemical parameters in STZ-induced diabetic rats. In vitro studies confirmed the free radical scavenging and antioxidant activity of SMV. Therefore, the present results revealed that SMV has a protective effect against STZ-induced oxidative damage by scavenging the free radicals generation and restoring the enzymatic and nonenzymatic antioxidant systems.
Body Language: Advanced 3D Character Rigging (2008)

Whether you're a professional Character TD or just like to create 3D characters, this detailed guide reveals the techniques you need to create sophisticated 3D character rigs that range from basic to breathtaking. Packed with step-by-step instructions and full-color illustrations, Body Language walks you through rigging techniques for all the body parts to help you create realistic and believable movements in every character you design. You'll learn advanced rigging concepts that involve MEL scripting and advanced deformation techniques and even how to set up a character pipeline.
MR monitoring during cryotherapy in the liver: Predictability of histologic outcome (1993)

For well-controlled application of cryotherapy to focal liver lesions, real-time monitoring is necessary to limit the final necrotic effect in the treated area. In this study, near real-time magnetic resonance (MR) monitoring images of normal rabbit liver were obtained during the freezing procedure. The MR-monitored, freezing-induced lesions were followed with MR images for up to 3 weeks. Corresponding histologic samples were also obtained over the same time period. Our results indicate that MR images obtained during the freezing procedure can adequately depict the area of final necrosis. Furthermore, histologic changes at each stage of lesion development correlated well with MR signal intensities on follow-up images. With the development of an MR-compatible cryogen probe, MR imaging may prove to be a robust method for monitoring, controlling, and following up cryotherapy in the liver.
N-variant systems: a secretless framework for security through diversity (2006)

We present an architectural framework for systematically using automated diversity to provide high assurance detection and disruption for large classes of attacks. The framework executes a set of automatically diversified variants on the same inputs, and monitors their behavior to detect divergences. The benefit of this approach is that it requires an attacker to simultaneously compromise all system variants with the same input. By constructing variants with disjoint exploitation sets, we can make it impossible to carry out large classes of important attacks. In contrast to previous approaches that use automated diversity for security, our approach does not rely on keeping any secrets. In this paper, we introduce the N-variant systems framework, present a model for analyzing security properties of N-variant systems, define variations that can be used to detect attacks that involve referencing absolute memory addresses and executing injected code, and describe and present performance results from a prototype implementation. 1.