gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
TrkB neurotrophic activities are blocked by α-synuclein, triggering dopaminergic cell death in Parkinson’s disease (2017)

BDNF/TrkB neurotrophic signaling is essential for dopaminergic neuronal survival, and the activities are reduced in the substantial nigra (SN) of Parkinson's disease (PD). However, whether α-Syn (alpha-synuclein) aggregation, a hallmark in the remaining SN neurons in PD, accounts for the neurotrophic inhibition remains elusive. Here we show that α-Syn selectively interacts with TrkB receptors and inhibits BDNF/TrkB signaling, leading to dopaminergic neuronal death. α-Syn binds to the kinase domain on TrkB, which is negatively regulated by BDNF or Fyn tyrosine kinase. Interestingly, α-Syn represses TrkB lipid raft distribution, decreases its internalization, and reduces its axonal trafficking. Moreover, α-Syn also reduces TrkB protein levels via up-regulation of TrkB ubiquitination. Remarkably, dopamine's metabolite 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetaldehyde (DOPAL) stimulates the interaction between α-Syn and TrkB. Accordingly, MAO-B inhibitor rasagiline disrupts α-Syn/TrkB complex and rescues TrkB neurotrophic signaling, preventing α-Syn-induced dopaminergic neuronal death and restoring motor functions. Hence, our findings demonstrate a noble pathological role of α-Syn in antagonizing neurotrophic signaling, providing a molecular mechanism that accounts for its neurotoxicity in PD.
Ultrastructural Relationship of Skin to Nodule and Cord in Dupuytrenʼs Contracture (1982)

Vande Berg, Jerry S. Ph.D.; Rudolph, Ross M.D.; Gelberman, Richard M.D.; Woodward, Marilyn R. Author Information
The Mechanism of Hypotension Following Angiography (1976)

The hypotension observed following the intracardiac injection of contrast media is believed to be the result of myocardial depression, peripheral vasodilatation, or both. It is unclear which of these factors is primarily involved in different types of angiography. To assess this problem, Renografin-76 was injected into the aortic root of 15 anesthetized dogs (1 ml/kg) and into the left coronary artery (3-5 ml) in 18 dogs. The heart rate, the systolic and diastolic arterial pressures, left ventricular pressure, peak dp/dt and dp/dt-40 were monitored continuously until return to baseline. Following selective left coronary artery injection, both systolic and diastolic pressures decreased maximally at 5 seconds with parallel changes in peak dp/dt and dp/dt-40. Following the aortic root injection, the blood pressure response was biphasic, increasing at 5 seconds and decreasing maximally at 20 seconds. The corresponding changes in peak dp/dt and dp/dt-40 were initial depression at 5 seconds with quick return to baseline and increase above control at the time of maximal hypotension. The left ventricular end diastolic pressure rose maximally at 5 to 10 seconds for both coronary and aortic injections. The mechanism of hypotension, therefore, varies with the type of angiography. Myocardial depression appears to be a primary factor with selective coronary angiography. However, with aortic root injection, myocardial contractility, although initially depressed, is already improved at the time of maximal hypotension, and thus peripheral vasocilatation is probably the prime mechanism of the hypotension.
Guidance on the risk assessment of food and feed from genetically modified animals and on animal health and welfare aspects (2012)

Abstract This document provides guidance for the risk assessment of food and feed containing, consisting of or produced from genetically modified (GM) animals, as well as for the health and welfare assessment of these animals, within the framework of Regulation (EC) No 1829/2003 on GM food and feed. The assessment strategy seeks to deploy appropriate approaches to compare GM animals and derived food and feed with their respective comparators. The health status of a food/feed producing animal has traditionally been considered as an important indicator of the safety of derived foods/feed and therefore comparative analysis of the phenotypic characteristics of the GM animal with the traditionally‐bred animal, including health and physiological parameters, is considered an important component in the risk assessment. The document addresses the molecular characterisation, which provides information on the structure and expression of the insert(s) and on the stability of the intended trait(s); the toxicological assessment, which addresses the possible impact of biologically relevant change(s) in the GM animal and/or derived food and feed, the allergenicity assessment of the novel protein(s), as well as of the whole food derived from the GM animal; and the nutritional assessment to evaluate whether food and feed derived from a GM animal is as nutritious to humans and/or animals as food and feed derived from traditionally‐bred animals. This guidance document also addresses the scientific requirements for the assessment of health and welfare of GM animals bred for food and feed use. The assessment is made in terms of the effective functioning of their body systems in a given environment. The document does not cover the environmental risk assessment of GM animals, which will be addressed in stand‐alone guidance under development by the EFSA GMO Panel.
Supplementary Figure 3 from PD-1–Expressing Tumor-Infiltrating T Cells Are a Favorable Prognostic Biomarker in HPV-Associated Head and Neck Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 2.6MB, Relationship between tumor infiltration with Foxp3 regulatory T cells and survival&lt;/p&gt;
Temperature and time dependent studies of radiation damage (2011)

Microsymposia C159 MSwe determined that hydrogen gas, mainly originating from aliphatic C-H bonds, is a major cause of global radiation damage in protein crystals [1].At cryogenic temperatures the gas remains inside the crystals causing lattice deformations by the generation of an inner pressure.This results in the well known decrease of diffraction power with increasing dose.X-ray diffraction experiments, performed in order to directly identify the location of hydrogen abstraction, have been difficult.This is due to the small hydrogen X-ray scattering lengths.In an X-ray irradiation experiment on the polypeptide Cyclosporine A, we were able to indirectly observe hydrogen abstraction by X-ray induced bond lengths changes [2].To further investigate this effect we have performed a combined synchrotron X-ray irradiation -neutron diffraction experiment.The results confirmed our findings from the previous X-ray diffractions experiments and further revealed that X-ray induced hydrogen abstraction is highly selective process.
Dietary Fiber Overview (2001)

Dietary fiber is an umbrella term for a heterogeneous mixture of plant food components that are indigestible in the small intestine. The dietary fiber hypothesis implies that a high intake of fiber-containing foods is directly related to, or is associated with, a low incidence of many disorders and diseases common with a Western lifestyle. Dietary fiber is available in the human diet through a wide variety of food sources, such as both raw and processed cereals, vegetables, legumes, and fruits. Experts in paleolithic nutrition have theorized that primitive diets contained high levels of dietary fiber. The modern era of dietary fiber research began in the 1950s, and interest in it has steadily gained momentum. The most concentrated sources of dietary fiber are whole grains and cereal brans. Refining processes decrease the fiber content in grains. The most common form of dietary fiber is insoluble fiber.
Synthesis of star polymers using RAFT polymerization: What is possible? (2006)

Various pathways to generate star polymers using reversible addition?fragmentation transfer (RAFT) are discussed. Similar to other polymerization techniques, star polymers can be generated using arm-first and core-first approaches. Unique to the RAFT process is the subdivision of the core-first approach into the R-group and Z-group approaches, depending on the attachment of the RAFT agent to the multifunctional core. The mechanism of the R- and Z-group approaches are discussed in detail and it is shown that both techniques have to overcome difficulties arising from termination reactions. Termination reactions were found to broaden the molecular weight. However, these side reactions can be limited by careful design of the synthesis. Considerations include RAFT and radical concentration, number of arms, type of RAFT agent and monomer. Despite obvious challenges, the RAFT process is highly versatile, allowing the synthesis of novel polymer architectures such as poly(vinyl acetate) and poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) star polymers. © CSIRO 2006.
Photopolymerized microtips for sample preparation in proteomic analysis (2004)

We demonstrate a novel method for the fabrication of disposable plastic microtips, which we name "EasyTip", by a photopolymerization technique. C18 reversed-phase (C18) and ion metal affinity chromatography (IMAC) beads were immobilized on a plastic pipette tip, made of polypropylene materials, by photo-initiated polymerization. The fabricated EasyTips can be manipulated using commercial pipettes for wash/elution of minute amount of biological samples (< 10 microL) and can be applied for mass spectrometry (MS)-based proteomic analysis, in which the detection sensitivity depends critically on the optimal sample preparation. The recovery of a sample of 25 fmol of tryptic hemoglobin digest loaded in a C18 EasyTip was near 100% and we estimated the loading capacity to be around 0.4-2.0 microg of total proteins or peptides, which is well above a sufficient quantity for MS analysis. The effectiveness of the C18 EasyTips in enhancing the detection sensitivity of matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI)-MS signal, and thus providing a greater sequence coverage, was also demonstrated by the analysis of hemoglobin digest and the in-gel digested epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) protein from A431 cell lysate. We also demonstrated the usefulness of the immobilized IMAC EasyTips in extracting the signal of tryptic phosphopeptides of beta-casein (10 pmol) having one and four phosphorylation sites by using an IMAC EasyTip prior to off-line analysis by MS. The combination of IMAC EasyTips and MALDI-MS allowed the unambiguous identification of phosphopeptides based on the phosphatase assay as well as the post-source decay. Compared to other miniaturized devices, this fabrication method is simple, cheap, and requires less human intervention. Moreover, the method of manipulating the EasyTips is straightforward and can be automated readily by a robotic system for high-throughput analysis.
Incidence of Dementia, Alzheimer's Disease, and Vascular Dementia in Italy. The ILSA Study (2002)

Incidence of dementia in Italy paralleled that in most industrialized countries. About 150,000 new cases per year are expected. A significant gender effect was evidenced for major dementia subtypes. The burden of VaD, especially in men, offers opportunities for prevention.
Expression of cAMP‐responsive element modulator (CREM) and reproductive functions of Corni fructus in rat testes (2006)

Corni fructus (CO), the fruit of Cornus officinalis Sieb. et Zucc., is known by the common name of Asiatic cornelian cherry and dogwood fruit and it has been considered to possess tonic actions and enhance the motility of human sperm. In this study, we investigated the effects of CO on sperm analysis, serum testosterone, lipid peroxidation and the expression of CREM in rat testes. After 56 days treatment of CO, the epididymal sperm counts significantly increased of 46.92% than those in the vehicle treated group (p < 0.01). The sperm motility also significantly improved of 24.07% by the treatment of CO (p < 0.05). Serum testosterone levels in control and CO-treated groups were 3.65 +− 1.14 nmol/L and 5.35 +− 1.27 nmol/L, respectively. CO treatment significantly reduced the lipid peroxide (LPO) production of 54.67% in the rat testes. The relative expression of CREM mRNA in the CO treated group was 153.11% than that in the control group (p < 0.05). Western blotting analysis confirmed this data. In conclusion, CO has improved the sperm parameters, LPO production, the serum testosterone level. Moreover, CREM expressions were stimulated by CO in the RNA and protein levels. From these results, CO has the enhancing effects on reproductive functions through multiple pathways.
Soft switching sepic boost converter with high voltage gain (2016)

The paper presents a high gain dc-dc converter which is derived from a traditional SEPIC (single-ended primary-inductor) converter. The distributed generation based system with renewable energy resources have rapidly developed in recent years. These distributed generation systems are powered by sources such as fuel cell, photovoltaic (PV) systems and batteries. This consists of two conversion stages, in the first stage the low level voltage from the PV cell is converted to high level voltage by using a dc-dc converter. In the second stage the high level dc voltage is converted into AC voltage by using inverter. The electrical energy demand requirements can be achieved by increasing the gain of the converter. The proposed converter high gain achieved by replacing the coupled inductor instead of inductor in the basic sepic converter. Further increase of gain is achieved by using charge pump capacitor cell. The main advantage of the sepic converter is continuous input current, which can be helpful in accurate PowerPoint tracking of solar cell The inductorless regenerative snubber that reduces switching losses and helps to attain soft switching (zero voltage and zero current switching) conditions.
Natrum muriaticum como atenuante de la salinidad (NaCl) en albahaca (Ocimum basilicum L.) (2018)

La salinización de los suelos es un factor limitante para el desarrollo de la agricultura, particularmente en zonas áridas y semiáridas donde la producción se reduce en las especies aromáticas sensibles al estrés salino. La homeopatía es una rama de la medicina alternativa con aplicación progresiva en humanos, animales y plantas. El objetivo fue utilizar el medicamento homeopático Natrum muriaticum (obtenido a partir de sal de mar) como atenuante de los efectos del estrés por NaCl en el crecimiento y desarrollo de albahaca (Ocimum basilicum L.) en sistema hidropónico. Se utilizó un diseño completamente al azar con arreglo factorial (2A×2B×3C), considerando las variedades Napoletano y Emily como factor A, la concentración de NaCl (0 y 75 mM) como factor B y el tratamiento homeopático (7CH y 13CH Natrum muriaticum) como factor C, con un total de 12 tratamientos con cuatro repeticiones. Se evaluó longitud de tallo y de raíz, área foliar, biomasa fresca y seca de raíz, biomasa fresca y seca de parte aérea. Se realizaron análisis de varianza y comparaciones múltiples de medias (Tukey HSD p≤0.05). Los resultados muestran que la aplicación de ambas dinamizaciones homeopáticas (7CH y 13CH) propició un incremento en las variables morfométricas evaluadas, sin embargo, la aplicación de Natrum muriaticum 7CH incrementó los valores de las variables evaluadas en Napoletano. Se confirma el principio homeopático Similia Similibus Curentur y se estima que la homeopatía agrícola incrementará la producción de Ocimum basilicum L., aumentando su tolerancia a condiciones de estrés salino, además de ser compatible con la agricultura tradicional, ecológica y orgánica.
A useful route to alkenyl s-phenyl thiocarbonates: reagents for the introduction of the enyloxycarbonyl moiety in synthesis (1980)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA useful route to alkenyl s-phenyl thiocarbonates: reagents for the introduction of the enyloxycarbonyl moiety in synthesisR. A. Olofson and John CuomoCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1980, 45, 12, 2538–2541Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1980Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1980https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01300a066https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01300a066research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1599Altmetric-Citations11LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
<title>New class of mainchain chromophoric nonlinear optical polymers</title> (1991)

Head-to-tail mainchain chromophoric polymers have been of interest because of their high chromophore densities [about 30 X 1021 chromophores/cm3 in the case of poly(4-N-ethylene-N-ethylamino)-(alpha) -cyanocinnamate], their proposed tendency to align in an electric field more readily than unconnected chromophores, and the proposed enhancement of the macroscopic hyperpolarizability coefficients. These proposed properties have yet to be proven for the solid state. In fact, results on mainchain nonlinear optical polymers indicate that a much lower degree of alignment resulted than would be expected for unconnected dipoles. It is possible that the head-to-tail configuration of mainchain polymers has too high of an energy barrier to rotation and alignment to allow proper alignment of the dipoles. Therefore, a new class of mainchain polymers, namely head-to-head polymers connected with various flexible spacers (which may allow the dipoles to align) was developed. The synthesis and characterization of these new materials is described. The nonlinear optical properties of several of this new class of mainchain nonlinear optical polymers were compared to the properties of the head-to-tail mainchain polymers.
Using crowdsourced web content for informing water systemsoperations in snow-dominated catchments (2016)

Abstract. Snow is a key component of the hydrologic cycle in many regions of the world. Despite recent advances in environmental monitoring are making a wide range of data available, continuous snow monitoring systems able to collect data at high spatial and temporal resolution are not well established yet, especially in inaccessible high latitude or mountainous regions. The unprecedented availability of user generated data on the Web is opening new opportunities for enhancing real-time monitoring and modeling of environmental systems based on data that are public, low-cost, and spatio-temporally dense. In this paper, we contribute a novel crowdsourcing procedure for extracting snow-related information from public web images, either produced by users or generated by touristic web cams. A fully automated process fetches mountain images from multiple sources, identifies the peaks present therein, and estimates virtual snow indexes representing a proxy of the snow covered area. Our procedure has the potential for complementing traditional snow-related information, minimizing costs and efforts for obtaining the virtual snow indexes and, at the same time, maximizing the portability of the procedure to several locations where such public images are available. The operational value of the obtained virtual snow indexes is assessed for a real world water management problem, the regulation of Lake Como, where we use these indexes for informing the daily operations of the lake. Numerical results show that such information is effective in extending the anticipation capacity of the lake operations, ultimately improving the system performance.
Association Between Telomere Length and Risk of Cancer and Non-Neoplastic Diseases (2017)

It is likely that longer telomeres increase risk for several cancers but reduce risk for some non-neoplastic diseases, including cardiovascular diseases.
Infraclavicular Brachial Plexus Block???A New Approach (1973)

RAJ, P. PRITHVI M.B., B.S., F.F.A.R.C.S.; MONTGOMERY, S. J. M.B., B.Ch., F.F.A.R.C.S.; NETTLES, D. M.D.; JENKINS, M. T. M.D. Author Information
Estimating individual treatment effect on disability progression in multiple sclerosis using deep learning (2022)

Disability progression in multiple sclerosis remains resistant to treatment. The absence of a suitable biomarker to allow for phase 2 clinical trials presents a high barrier for drug development. We propose to enable short proof-of-concept trials by increasing statistical power using a deep-learning predictive enrichment strategy. Specifically, a multi-headed multilayer perceptron is used to estimate the conditional average treatment effect (CATE) using baseline clinical and imaging features, and patients predicted to be most responsive are preferentially randomized into a trial. Leveraging data from six randomized clinical trials (n = 3,830), we first pre-trained the model on the subset of relapsing-remitting MS patients (n = 2,520), then fine-tuned it on a subset of primary progressive MS (PPMS) patients (n = 695). In a separate held-out test set of PPMS patients randomized to anti-CD20 antibodies or placebo (n = 297), the average treatment effect was larger for the 50% (HR, 0.492; 95% CI, 0.266-0.912; p = 0.0218) and 30% (HR, 0.361; 95% CI, 0.165-0.79; p = 0.008) predicted to be most responsive, compared to 0.743 (95% CI, 0.482-1.15; p = 0.179) for the entire group. The same model could also identify responders to laquinimod in another held-out test set of PPMS patients (n = 318). Finally, we show that using this model for predictive enrichment results in important increases in power.
Fast power switches from picosecond to nanosecond time scale and their application to pulsed power (2002)

New methods of pulsed power are developed on the basis of new effects in high voltage semiconductor p-n junctions, discovered at Ioffe Physico-Technical Institute, Russia. These effects are: (a) super fast voltage restoration; and (b) super fast reversible delayed breakdown. These effects have been used to design two types of semiconductor device: (1) opening switches-drift step recovery devices (DSRD) with turn off times 0.5-2.0 ns at operating voltages 0.5-2.0 kV for one p-n junction; and (2) closing switches-silicon avalanche shapers (SAS) with turn on times 50-200 ps at operating voltage 3-10 kV for one p-n junction. DSRD may be considered as a solid state replacement for plasma opening switches and SAS may be considered as a replacement for overvoltaged spark gaps. Both types of devices may be assembled in a stack (piled) with dozens of p-n junctions to increase operating voltages. Estimations show that operating voltage for the stack can reach 1 MV in the case of DSRD with turn off time /spl sim/1 ns and hundreds kV in the case of SAS with turn on times /spl sim/0.1 ns. It is possible to switch all areas of devices uniformly up to the limitations imposed by skin effect. Estimations show maximum switching current up to 10 kA for DSRD and >2 kA for SAS.