gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Characterization and Assessment of Dermal and Inhalable Nickel Exposures in Nickel Production and Primary User Industries (2009)

The aim of this study was to measure the levels of nickel in the skin contaminant layer of workers involved in specific processes and tasks within the primary nickel production and primary nickel user industries. Dermal exposure samples were collected using moist wipes to recover surface contamination from defined areas of skin. These were analysed for soluble and insoluble nickel species. Personal samples of inhalable dust were also collected to determine the corresponding inhalable nickel exposures. The air samples were analysed for total inhalable dust and then for soluble, sulfidic, metallic, and oxidic nickel species. The workplace surveys were carried out in five different workplaces, including three nickel refineries, a stainless steel plant, and a powder metallurgy plant, all of which were located in Europe. Nickel refinery workers involved with electrolytic nickel recovery processes had soluble dermal nickel exposure of 0.34 microg cm(-2) [geometric mean (GM)] to the hands and forearms. The GM of soluble dermal nickel exposure for workers involved in packing nickel salts (nickel chloride hexahydrate, nickel sulphate hexahydrate, and nickel hydroxycarbonate) was 0.61 microg cm(-2). Refinery workers involved in packing nickel metal powders and end-user powder operatives in magnet production had the highest dermal exposure (GM = 2.59 microg cm(-2) soluble nickel). The hands, forearms, face, and neck of these workers all received greater dermal nickel exposure compared with the other jobs included in this study. The soluble nickel dermal exposures for stainless steel production workers were at or slightly above the limit of detection (0.02 microg cm(-2) soluble nickel). The highest inhalable nickel concentrations were observed for the workers involved in nickel powder packing (GM = 0.77 mg m(-3)), although the soluble component comprised only 2% of the total nickel content. The highest airborne soluble nickel exposures were associated with refineries using electrolytic processes for nickel recovery (GM = 0.04 mg m(-3) total nickel, containing 82% soluble nickel) and those jobs involving contact with soluble nickel compounds (GM = 0.02 mg m(-3) total nickel content, containing 76% soluble nickel). The stainless steel workers were exposed to low concentrations of relatively insoluble airborne nickel species (GM = 0.03 mg m(-3) total nickel, containing 1% soluble nickel). A statistically significant correlation was observed between dermal exposures for all anatomical areas across all tasks. In addition, the dermal and inhalable (total) nickel exposures were similarly associated. Overall, dermal exposures to nickel, nickel compounds, and nickel alloys were relatively low. However, exposures were highly variable, which can be explained by the inconsistent use of personal protective equipment, varying working practices, and different standards of automation and engineering controls within each exposure category.
Production of Multi-Fiber Modifying Enzyme fromMamillisphaeriasp. for Refining of Recycled Paper Pulp (2011)

Enzymatic modification of pulp is receiving increasing interest for energy reduction at the refining step of the paper-making process. In this study, the production of a multi-fiber modifying enzyme from Mamillisphaeria sp. BCC8893 was optimized in submerged fermentation using a response-surface methodology. Maximal production was obtained in a complex medium comprising wheat bran, soybean, and rice bran supplemented with yeast extract at pH 6.0 and a harvest time of 7 d, resulting in 9.2 IU/mL of carboxymethyl cellulase (CMCase), 14.9 IU/mL of filter paper activity (FPase), and 242.7 IU/mL of xylanase. Treatment of old corrugated container pulp at 0.2-0.3 IU of CMCase/g of pulp led to reductions in refining energy of 8.5-14.8%. The major physical properties were retained, including tensile and compression strength. Proteomic analysis showed that the enzyme was a complex composite of endo-glucanases, cellobiohydrolases, beta-1,4-xylanases, and beta-glucanases belonging to various glycosyl hydrolase families, suggestive of cooperative enzyme action in fiber modification, providing the basis for refining efficiency.
Free-Surface/Vorticity Interaction (1993)

The unsteady flow phenomena resulting from the interaction of wakes and vortices with the free surface are of particular importance in naval hydrodynamics. Ship and submarine wakes produce a three-dimensional complex signature, comprised of a narrow dark band bordered by two bright lines in synthetic-aperture-radar (SAR) images. The dark band signifies the suppression of waves at the Bragg frequency as a consequence of the interaction between the free surface and the imposed vorticity. In the present investigation, the vorticity field is provided by a single tip vortex generated by an airfoil. The results, obtained with an LDV, have shown that the free surface redistributes part or all of the normal turbulent kinetic energy into streamwise and spanwise components. The turbulent kinetic energy first decreases sharply with increasing vertical distance from the vortex and then remains nearly constant within a thin layer below the 'roughened' free surface. The results explain the longevity of the structures and lend further credence to the simulation of near-surface structures via vortex- or contour-dynamics. Surface disturbances, Scars, Striations, Trailing vortices, Vortex dynamics
Solar Battery Chargers for NiMH Batteries (2007)

This paper proposes new solar battery chargers for NiMH batteries. First, it is shown that existing charge-control methods can fail when charging by solar arrays in changing environmental conditions. This article discusses the reasons for the failure and introduces new voltage and temperature-based charge- control techniques. To increase charge speed, a maximum power point tracker is also implemented within the micro-controller of the proposed charger.
Genotype-Phenotype Correlations Emerging from the Identification of Missense Mutations inMBTPS2 (2013)

Missense mutations affecting membrane-bound transcription factor protease site 2 (MBTPS2) have been associated with Ichthyosis Follicularis with Atrichia and Photophobia (IFAP) syndrome with or without BRESHECK syndrome, with keratosis follicularis spinulosa decalvans, and Olmsted syndrome. This metalloprotease activates, by intramembranous trimming in conjunction with the protease MBTPS1, regulatory factors involved in sterol control of transcription and in cellular stress response. In this study, 11 different MBTPS2 missense mutations detected in patients from 13 unrelated families were correlated with the clinical phenotype, with their effect on cellular growth in media without lipids, and their potential role for sterol control of transcription. Seven variants were novel [c.774C>G (p.I258M); c.758G>C (p.G253A); c.686T>C (p.F229S); c.1427T>C (p.L476S); c.1430A>T (p.D477V); c.1499G>A (p.G500D); c.1538T>C (p.L513P)], four had previously been reported in unrelated sibships [c.261G>A (p.M87I); c.1286G>A (p.R429H); c.1424T>C (p.F475S); c.1523A>G (p.N508S)]. In the enzyme, the mutations cluster in transmembrane domains. Amino-acid exchanges near the active site are more detrimental to functionality of the enzyme and, clinically, associated with more severe phenotypes. In male patients, a genotype-phenotype correlation begins to emerge, linking the site of the mutation in MBTPS2 with the clinical outcome described as IFAP syndrome with or without BRESHECK syndrome, keratosis follicularis spinulosa decalvans, X-linked, Olmsted syndrome, or possibly further X-linked traits with an oculocutaneous component.
Synthetic Routes to Chiral 3-Pyrrolidinols (1985)

Abstract Short conyenient syntheses of chiral 3-pyrrolidinols and reloted compounds are described.
The Structure of the Spinal Cord Ependymal Region in Adult Humans Is a Distinctive Trait among Mammals (2021)

In species that regenerate the injured spinal cord, the ependymal region is a source of new cells and a prominent coordinator of regeneration. In mammals, cells at the ependymal region proliferate in normal conditions and react after injury, but in humans, the central canal is lost in the majority of individuals from early childhood. It is replaced by a structure that does not proliferate after damage and is formed by large accumulations of ependymal cells, strong astrogliosis and perivascular pseudo-rosettes. We inform here of two additional mammals that lose the central canal during their lifetime: the Naked Mole-Rat (NMR, <i>Heterocephalus glaber</i>) and the mutant hyh (<i>hydrocephalus with hop gait</i>) mice. The morphological study of their spinal cords shows that the tissue substituting the central canal is not similar to that found in humans. In both NMR and hyh mice, the central canal is replaced by tissue reminiscent of normal lamina X and may include small groups of ependymal cells in the midline, partially resembling specific domains of the former canal. However, no features of the adult human ependymal remnant are found, suggesting that this structure is a specific human trait. In order to shed some more light on the mechanism of human central canal closure, we provide new data suggesting that canal patency is lost by delamination of the ependymal epithelium, in a process that includes apical polarity loss and the expression of signaling mediators involved in epithelial to mesenchymal transitions.
Achieving Reproducible Performance of Electrochemical, Folding Aptamer-Based Sensors on Microelectrodes: Challenges and Prospects (2014)

Combining specific recognition capabilities with the excellent spatiotemporal resolution of small electrodes represents a promising methodology in bioanalytical and chemical sensing. In this paper, we report the development of reproducible electrochemical, aptamer-based (E-AB) sensors on a gold microelectrode platform. Specifically, we develop microscale sensors (25 μm diameter) for two representative small molecule targets-adenosine triphosphate and tobramycin. Furthermore, we report on the challenges encountered at this size scale including small-magnitude signals and interference from the irreversible reduction of dissolved oxygen and present methods to circumvent these challenges. Through the electrochemical deposition of dendritic gold nanostructures, we demonstrate microscale sensors with improved performance by increasing signal-to-noise and consequently sensitivity. Finally, we report on the use of the nonspecific adsorption of serum proteins as an additional layer of surface passivation for stable sensor performance. The sensor development here represents general guidelines for fabricating electrochemical, folding aptamer-based sensors on small-scale electrodes.
The threshold for conscious report: Signal loss and response bias in visual and frontal cortex (2018)

Why are some visual stimuli consciously detected, whereas others remain subliminal? We investigated the fate of weak visual stimuli in the visual and frontal cortex of awake monkeys trained to report stimulus presence. Reported stimuli were associated with strong sustained activity in the frontal cortex, and frontal activity was weaker and quickly decayed for unreported stimuli. Information about weak stimuli could be lost at successive stages en route from the visual to the frontal cortex, and these propagation failures were confirmed through microstimulation of area V1. Fluctuations in response bias and sensitivity during perception of identical stimuli were traced back to prestimulus brain-state markers. A model in which stimuli become consciously reportable when they elicit a nonlinear ignition process in higher cortical areas explained our results.
Antimicrobial Actions of the Nadph Phagocyte Oxidase and Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase in Experimental Salmonellosis. I. Effects on Microbial Killing by Activated Peritoneal Macrophages in Vitro (2000)

The contribution of the NADPH phagocyte oxidase (phox) and inducible nitric oxide (NO) synthase (iNOS) to the antimicrobial activity of macrophages for Salmonella typhimurium was studied by using peritoneal phagocytes from C57BL/6, congenic gp91phox(-/)-, iNOS(-/)-, and doubly immunodeficient phox(-/)-iNOS(-/)- mice. The respiratory burst and NO radical (NO.) made distinct contributions to the anti-Salmonella activity of macrophages. NADPH oxidase-dependent killing is confined to the first few hours after phagocytosis, whereas iNOS contributes to both early and late phases of antibacterial activity. NO-derived species initially synergize with oxyradicals to kill S. typhimurium, and subsequently exert prolonged oxidase-independent bacteriostatic effects. Biochemical analyses show that early killing of Salmonella by macrophages coincides with an oxidative chemistry characterized by superoxide anion (O(2).(-)), hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)), and peroxynitrite (ONOO(-)) production. However, immunofluorescence microscopy and killing assays using the scavenger uric acid suggest that peroxynitrite is not responsible for macrophage killing of wild-type S. typhimurium. Rapid oxidative bacterial killing is followed by a sustained period of nitrosative chemistry that limits bacterial growth. Interferon gamma appears to augment antibacterial activity predominantly by enhancing NO. production, although a small iNOS-independent effect was also observed. These findings demonstrate that macrophages kill Salmonella in a dynamic process that changes over time and requires the generation of both reactive oxidative and nitrosative species.
Effects of D‐Myo‐Inositol 1‐Phosphate on the Transfer Function of Phosphatidylinositol Transfer Protein α (2004)

The lipid metabolite D-myo-inositol-1-phosphate is shown to increase the phospholipid transfer activity of phosphatidylinositol transfer protein alpha from liposomal and liver microsomal membranes. Dose-response curves indicated substantial enhancements of transfer in the low mM range that upon normalization were independent of membrane composition or the identity of the transferred phospholipid. The unnormalized effect is potentiated by anionic membrane surface charge and substantial membrane phosphatidylethanolamine content consistent with alterations of the protein's membrane binding affinity and alterations of surface electrostatic interactions as contributing factors.
Regioselective Synthesis oftrans-1 Fullerene Bis-Adducts Directed by a Crown Ether Tether: Alkali Metal Cation Modulated Redox Properties of Fullerene-Crown Ether Conjugates (1998)

Regioselective Bingel macrocyclization of C<sub>60</sub> with a bis-malonate containing a novel dibenzo[18] crown-6 tether provides a versatile access to trans-1 fullerene bis-adducts such as (±)-1. Complexation of a potassium ion by (±)-1 has a pronounced effect on the redox properties of the carbon sphere as a result of the close proximity of the fullerene surface to the crown ether bound cation, which is enforced by the double bridging.
Distribution of Arsenic in Lodgepole Pines Treated with MSMA (1988)

Abstract Fifteen mature lodgepole pines, Pinus contorta var. latifolia Engelmann, were treated with either 1/8-, ¼- or ½-strength monosodium methanearsonate (MSMA) applied to axe-frills around the base of the bole. Using X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy, we determined the arsenic concentration in the phloem, sapwood, and foliage of MSMA-treated and control trees. The highest accumulation of arsenic was in the phloem, near the point of application, and in the foliage. Residual arsenic concentration in the tissues of treated trees averaged &lt;5 ppm above 2 m for all treatment strengths, a concentration probably too low to kill attacking bark beetles or their brood. In addition, the levels of MSMA in the bole tissues of treated trees is well below the 10% safety limit for sawmills stated by the British Columbia Workman's Compensation Board Industrial Health and Safety Regulations. West. J. Appl. For. 3(2):37-40, April 1988.
Reducing door-to-balloon time in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction affect in-hospital and one-year mortality: a network experience in Italy (2013)

Purpose: Door-to-balloon (Dtb) time is correlated with mortality in patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). The D2B Alliance was developed by ACC to improve DtB time and included several specific strategies. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of mortality in STEMI patients after implementation of these strategies in our network. Methods: Our Hub & Spoke network for STEMI, in the province of northwest of Tuscany, Italy, began in April 2006. This program involved 5 Spoke centers and 1 Hub PCI-center, 1 medical helicopter, 5 advanced life support ambulances with direct transmission of the ECG and vital parameters to our cath lab on call 24h a day for primary PCI. Until July 2012, 1422 STEMI patients treated with primary PCI were enrolled (66.0±12.7 yrs). From June 2008 the D2B Alliance strategies were implemented in our network (cath lab team ready in 20-30 minutes of activation by EM physician with a single call, real time data feedback, having a cardiologist in the hospital 24/7 and the use of pre-hospital ECG to activate the cath lab while patient is en route). We considered a pre-implementation period (2006-2009) and a post-implementation period (2010-2012) and data regarding clinical, echo and hemodynamic parameters, the DTB time and their impact on in-hospital and one-year mortality were analyzed. Results: The median DTB time was 96 min (80-120, 25th-75th percentile, respectively). In-hospital mortality was associated with a longer DTB time as compared to alive patients (135 vs 95 min, p<0.0001). In the pre vs post-implementation period, the D2B time decreased from 106 to 88 min (p<0.0001) and the gold standard of a DTB≤90 min increased from 37% to 62% of patients (p<0.0001). Finally, a significant reduction of in-hospital (5.6% to 4.0%, p<0.0001) and 1-year mortality (8.8% to 7.1%, p<0.0001) was observed in the pre vs post-implementation period. Conclusions: Implementation of the strategies recommended by ACC D2B Alliance can strongly improve DTB time and mortality in STEMI patients.
About (2010)

Isolines are based upon an interpolated surface generated from approximately 1.5 million geocoded public posts on Twitter between March 9th and April 12th, 2010.These data represent only a sample of all posts made during that period.Isolines are based upon the average number of profanities found in the 500 nearest data points, in order to compensate for low population areas.
Quantitative PCR and HER2 Testing in Breast Cancer (2008)

We performed a technical and cost-effectiveness analysis of quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (Q-RT-PCR) for the assessment of HER2 in breast cancer. We evaluated 44 frozen and 55 formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) breast carcinoma specimens by Q-RT-PCR, immunohistochemical analysis, and fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH). Immunohistochemical and FISH analyses were performed on individual slides and on tissue microarray. Costs of techniques were calculated to study 1 case and 10 or 40 cases. Q-RT-PCR provided reliable data in frozen and FFPE specimens, which were significantly correlated. HER2 messenger RNA levels were significantly stratified in agreement with immunohistochemical data (P < .05). There was complete concordance between Q-RT-PCR and immunohistochemical results for negative and strongly positive (3+) cases. The intermediate immunohistochemical group (2+), including FISH+ and FISH- cancers, could also be stratified by Q-RT-PCR. Cost analysis documented the advantage of Q-RT-PCR in all US Food and Drug Administration-approved assays. Our data support the use of Q-RT-PCR for testing breast cancer specimens to select patients for HER2 inhibitory therapy.
Enhanced Water Retention Maintains Energy Dissipation in Dehydrated Metal-Coordinate Polymer Networks: Another Role for Fe-Catechol Cross-Links? (2018)

The change from wet and soft to dry and hard is a viscoelastic to solid material transition widely displayed in nature, in particular in materials rich in metal-coordinate cross-linking. How metal-coordinate cross-link dynamics contribute to macromolecular material mechanics upon solidification by dehydration remains an open question. Using mussel-inspired Fe-catechol cross-linked polymer hydrogels, we address this question. In addition to a nearly 2-fold increase in stiffness, we find that the presence of Fe-catechol coordination bonds in a dehydrated polymer gel also provides the bulk network with a significantly increased energy dissipation with over three times higher loss factor. We present evidence to suggest that small amounts (∼4 wt %) of locally bound water maintain the dynamic nature of Fe-catechol coordinate cross-links in a dehydrated polymer network. The dehydration-induced polymer material mechanics presented here may provide deeper insights on the biological utilization of metal-coordinate cross-link dynamics as well as inspire new ideas on sustainable materials engineering.
Formation of Shell‐Shaped Carbon Nanoparticles Above a Critical Laser Power in Irradiated Acetylene (2004)

A one-step synthesis of onion-like, shell-shaped carbon nanoparticles (SCNPs) is reported. Exposure of an acetylene flow to a continuous-wave infrared CO2 laser produces SCNPs with continuous bent-graphene layers in bulk quantity, but only above a threshold laser power.
Identification of a vesicular nucleotide transporter (2008)

ATP is a major chemical transmitter in purinergic signal transmission. Before secretion, ATP is stored in secretory vesicles found in purinergic cells. Although the presence of active transport mechanisms for ATP has been postulated for a long time, the proteins responsible for its vesicular accumulation remains unknown. The transporter encoded by the human and mouse SLC17A9 gene, a novel member of an anion transporter family, was predominantly expressed in the brain and adrenal gland. The mouse and bovine counterparts were associated with adrenal chromaffin granules. Proteoliposomes containing purified transporter actively took up ATP, ADP, and GTP by using membrane potential as the driving force. The uptake properties of the reconstituted transporter were similar to that of the ATP uptake by synaptic vesicles and chromaffin granules. Suppression of endogenous SLC17A9 expression in PC12 cells decreased exocytosis of ATP. These findings strongly suggest that SLC17A9 protein is a vesicular nucleotide transporter and should lead to the elucidation of the molecular mechanism of ATP secretion in purinergic signal transmission.
MIAC: A Modular Image Analysis Computer for Automated Cytology (1987)

No AccessJournal of Urology1 Jun 1987MIAC: A Modular Image Analysis Computer for Automated Cytology H.J. Tanke, J.S. Ploem, and U. Jonas H.J. TankeH.J. Tanke More articles by this author , J.S. PloemJ.S. Ploem More articles by this author , and U. JonasU. Jonas More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5347(17)75236-6AboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail "MIAC: A Modular Image Analysis Computer for Automated Cytology." The Journal of Urology, 137(6), p. 125A © 1987 by The American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 137Issue 6June 1987Page: 125A Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 1987 by The American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.MetricsAuthor Information H.J. Tanke More articles by this author J.S. Ploem More articles by this author U. Jonas More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF downloadLoading ...