gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Outward Influence and Cascade Size Estimation in Billion-scale Networks (2017)

Estimating cascade size and nodes' influence is a fundamental task in social, technological, and biological networks. Yet this task is extremely challenging due to the sheer size and the structural heterogeneity of networks. We investigate a new influence measure, termed outward influence (OI), defined as the (expected) number of nodes that a subset of nodes S will activate, excluding the nodes in S . Thus, OI equals, the de facto standard measure, influence spread of S minus | S |. OI is not only more informative for nodes with small influence, but also, critical in designing new effective sampling and statistical estimation methods. Based on OI, we propose SIEA/SOIEA, novel methods to estimate influence spread/outward influence at scale and with rigorous theoretical guarantees . The proposed methods are built on two novel components 1) IICP an important sampling method for outward influence; and 2) RSA, a robust mean estimation method that minimize the number of samples through analyzing variance and range of random variables. Compared to the state-of-the art for influence estimation, SIEA is Ω(log 4 n ) times faster in theory and up to several orders of magnitude faster in practice. For the first time, influence of nodes in the networks of billions of edges can be estimated with high accuracy within a few minutes. Our comprehensive experiments on real-world networks also give evidence against the popular practice of using a fixed number, e.g. 10K or 20K, of samples to compute the "ground truth" for influence spread.
Preliminary evaluation of a new radiolabelled biphosphonate (1998)

A new bisphosphonate was synthesized using N-succinimidyl-3-[125I]iodobenzoate and 3-amino-1-hydroxypropylidene as the reagents. After purification by reverse phase chromatography the product, 3-[125I]iodobenzamide-N-3-hydroxypropylidene-3,3-bisphosphonate, was injected intravenously into nude mice and the radioactivity content in various normal tissues was measured. Both at 3 h and at 17 h after injection a highly selective bone uptake was observed. Average ratios femur/blood and skull/blood were 35.9 and 36.6 at 3 h and 111.6 and 128.0 at 17 h, respectively. While clearing was observed for all other tissues, the bone radioactivity content did not decrease significantly from 3 h to 17 h after injection, indicating a high stability of this bisphosphonate in bone tissue. This preliminary study implies that pharmacokinetics, biological activity and clinical applications of amidebisphosphonates in general, and the described compound in particular, should be further evaluated. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Sensitivity of fracture strength in porous glass (2016)

Abstract We investigated the effect of porosity and crack size distributions on the fracture behavior of porous glass through a combined finite element and fracture mechanics method. Simulations showed that the effect of crack size distributions on the change in fracture strength with porosity decreases as the pore size to crack size ratio increases. For a pore size to crack size ratio of &gt;∼4, the average failure initiating crack size decreases with increasing porosity. Two regions were defined to describe the relationship between porosity and fracture strength: Region I for porosity less than 20 vol.% and Region II for porosity greater than 20 vol.%. Simulation results were directly compared to the porous glass experiments from the literature.
Different effects of high-fat and high-sucrose diets on the physiology of perivascular adipose tissues of the thoracic and abdominal aorta (2021)

Vascular diseases such as atherosclerosis and aneurysms are associated with diet. Perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) was reportedly involved in the regulation of vascular functions. It is suggested that imbalanced diets can cause PVAT inflammation and dysfunction as well as impaired vascular function. However, the association between diets and PVAT are not clearly understood. Here, we showed that a high-fat and a high-sucrose diet affected PVAT at different sites. A high-fat diet induced increased number of large-sized lipid droplets and increased CD (Cluster of differentiation) 68+ macrophage- and monocyte chemotactic protein (MCP)-1-positive areas in the abdominal aortic PVAT (aPVAT). In addition, a high-fat diet caused decreased collagen fibre-positive area and increased CD68+ macrophage- and MCP-1-positive areas in the abdominal aorta. In contrast, a high-sucrose diet induced increased number of large-sized lipid droplets, increased CD68+ macrophage- and MCP-1-positive areas, and decreased UCP-1 positive area in the thoracic aortic PVAT (tPVAT). A high-sucrose diet caused decreased collagen fibre-positive area and increased CD68+ macrophage- and MCP-1-positive areas in the thoracic aorta. These results could be attributed to the different adipocyte populations in the tPVAT and aPVAT. Our results provide pathological evidence to improve our understanding of the relationship between diet and vascular diseases.
Regulation of WWP2 ubiquitin ligase (2017)

The HECT E3 ligases ubiquitinate numerous transcription factors and signaling molecules and their activity must be tightly controlled to prevent cancer, immune disorders, and other diseases.In this study we have found that peptide linkers tethering WW domains in several HECT family members are key regulatory elements of their catalytic activities.Biochemical, structural, and cellular analysis has revealed that the linkers can lock the HECT domain in an inactive conformation and block the proposed allosteric ubiquitin binding site.Such linker-mediated autoinhibition of the HECT domain can be relieved by linker post-translational modifications, but complete removal of the brake can induce hyperactive autoubiquitination and E3 self-destruction.These results clarify the mechanisms of several HECT protein cancer associated mutations and provide a new framework for understanding how HECT ubiquitin ligases must be finely tuned to ensure normal cellular behavior.
Characterization of the angiotensin II (AngII) model of hypertension for inter‐laboratory investigation± (2006)

A recent report showed that in a well established model of salt‐dependent hypertension—the AngII‐induced model—arterial pressure (AP) did not increase in when AngII was given intravenously (iv) by osmotic minipumps and AP was measured by telemetry in rats on a normal salt diet (Hypertension 42: 798, 2003). To address this controversy we assessed the AP responses to AngII in rats on three levels of dietary salt (0.1%, 0.4% and 2.0% NaCl) in one laboratory, and determined the reproducibility of the model in four separate laboratories. AP was measured by telemetry for 7 control days and 14 days of AngII by osmotic minipump. Initial studies showed that minipumps were unreliable for iv AngII; therefore AngII was given subcutaneously (150 ng/kg/min). Control AP was similar between groups but the response to AngII was directly related to salt intake. By Day 14 of AngII AP increased 10 + 3 (n=6), 27 + 7 (n=6) and 44 + 9 (n=6) mmHg in 0.1%, 0.4% and 2.0% NaCl rats respectively in one laboratory. Moreover, the responses to AngII in rats consuming 0.4% and 2.0% NaCl diets were similar in 4 laboratories. By Day 14 of AngII AP increased 17 + 3 (n=27) and 33 + 4 mm Hg (n=26) for 0.4% and 2.0% NaCl rats respectively. We conclude that the AngII‐induced model is salt‐sensitive and is reproducible among different laboratories when AngII is infused subcutaneously by osmotic minipumps. NIH Grant HL 076312
One‐Pot Cascade Biotransformation for Efficient Synthesis of Benzyl Alcohol and Its Analogs (2020)

Benzyl alcohol is a naturally occurring aromatic alcohol and has been widely used in the cosmetics and flavor/fragrance industries. The whole-cell biotransformation for synthesis of benzyl alcohol directly from bio-based L-phenylalanine (L-Phe) was herein explored using an artificial enzyme cascade in Escherichia coli. Benzaldehyde was first produced from L-Phe via four heterologous enzymatic steps that comprises L-amino acid deaminase (LAAD), hydroxymandelate synthase (HmaS), (S)-mandelate dehydrogenase (SMDH) and benzoylformate decarboxylase (BFD). The subsequent reduction of benzaldehyde to benzyl alcohol was achieved by a broad substrate specificity phenylacetaldehyde reductase (PAR) from Solanum lycopersicum. We found the designed enzyme cascade could efficiently convert L-Phe into benzyl alcohol with conversion above 99%. In addition, we also examined L-tyrosine (L-Tyr) and m-fluoro-phenylalanine (m-f-Phe) as substrates, the cascade biotransformation could also efficiently produce p-hydroxybenzyl alcohol and m-fluoro-benzyl alcohol. In summary, the developed biocatalytic pathway has great potential to produce various high-valued fine chemicals.
Functional analysis of the serpin domain of C1 inhibitor. (1994)

To analyze the role of the heavily glycosylated amino-terminal domain of C1 inhibitor in protease inhibitory activity, two truncated C1 inhibitor molecules were constructed. The abilities of the recombinant truncated inhibitors to complex with target proteases were compared with that of the wild-type recombinant protein. One recombinant truncated molecule consisted of amino acid residues 76 to 478 (C-serp(76)) and the other of residues 98 to 478 (C-serp(98)). The recombinant proteins were each expressed in similar quantities. The thermal denaturation profiles of the two truncated proteins were similar to that of the wild-type protein. Identical binding of C1s, C1r, kallikrein, and beta factor XIIa was observed with the three molecules. Furthermore, the truncated molecules also effectively inhibited C1 activity in hemolytic assays. These studies therefore clearly demonstrate that the amino-terminal domain of C1 inhibitor does not influence complex formation with target proteases.
Analysis by synthesis ECG signal compression (2002)

The authors introduce a new ECG compression algorithm, and a new distortion measure. The distortion measure, called the Weighted Diagnostic Distortion (WDD), is based on comparing PQRST complex features (such as: RR interval, QT interval, ST elevation, etc.) of the original ECG signal and the reconstructed one. The compression algorithm is based on analysis by synthesis coding. It consists of a beat codebook, long and short term predictors, and an adaptive residual quantizer. The compression algorithm uses the WDD measure in order to encode, by means of analysis by synthesis, every beat of the original ECG signal. The compression algorithm has been applied to the MIT-BIH Arrhythmia Database. A rate of approximately 100 bits per second has been achieved with a very good quality (WDD below 4%, and PRD below 8%).
Supplementary Figure from Anticancer Activity of the Combination of Cabozantinib and Temozolomide in Uterine Sarcoma (2023)

Supplementary Figure from Anticancer Activity of the Combination of Cabozantinib and Temozolomide in Uterine Sarcoma
Semiconducting Stress Transducers Utilizing the Transverse and Shear Piezoresistance Effects (1961)

Principles of a varied group of new semiconducting, piezoresistive stress and strain transducers are outlined. These devices have in common the utilization of the transverse or shear piezoresistive effect. One group of devices consists of gauges in the form of a thin rectangular sheet which is bonded to the test piece, and whose resistance change can be expressed as a simple function of the principal stresses in the gauge. Two special gauges in this group are described. In one, the resistance change is proportional to the sum of the principal biaxial stresses for any orientation of the gauge on the test piece. In the other, the resistance change is proportional only to longitudinal stress components, being independent of transverse stress components. Also described are: a four-terminal gauge for complete determination of biaxial stresses, full-bridge gauges made from a single crystal, load cells of low compliance, new torque transducers, and diffusion techniques for making some of the foregoing. The devices are illustrated in terms of germanium and silicon but extension to other semiconductors is straightforward.
Extracting library-based Java applications (2003)

Reducing the size of Java applications by creating an application extractor.
Super-stretchable, Transparent Carbon Nanotube-Based Capacitive Strain Sensors for Human Motion Detection (2013)

Realization of advanced bio-interactive electronic devices requires mechanically compliant sensors with the ability to detect extremely large strain. Here, we design a new multifunctional carbon nanotube (CNT) based capacitive strain sensors which can detect strains up to 300% with excellent durability even after thousands of cycles. The CNT-based strain gauge devices exhibit deterministic and linear capacitive response throughout the whole strain range with a gauge factor very close to the predicted value (strictly 1), representing the highest sensitivity value. The strain tests reveal the presented strain gauge with excellent dynamic sensing ability without overshoot or relaxation, and ultrafast response at sub-second scale. Coupling these superior sensing capabilities to the high transparency, physical robustness and flexibility, we believe the designed stretchable multifunctional CNT-based strain gauge may have various potential applications in human friendly and wearable smart electronics, subsequently demonstrated by our prototypical data glove and respiration monitor.
Oxidative cleavage of substituted naphthalenes induced by irradiated semiconductor powders (1984)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTOxidative cleavage of substituted naphthalenes induced by irradiated semiconductor powdersMarye Anne Fox, Chia Chung Chen, and Janet N. N. YounathanCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1984, 49, 11, 1969–1974Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1984Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1984https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00185a027RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views129Altmetric-Citations51LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (728 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Impaired parasympathetic function increases susceptibility to inflammatory bowel disease in a mouse model of depression (2008)

Clinical and experimental evidence indicates that intestinal inflammatory conditions can be exacerbated by behavioral conditions such as depression. The recent demonstration of a tonic counterinflammatory influence mediated by the vagus nerve in experimental colitis provides a potential link between behavior and gut inflammation. Here we show that experimental conditions that induced depressive-like behaviors in mice increased susceptibility to intestinal inflammation by interfering with the tonic vagal inhibition of proinflammatory macrophages and that tricyclic antidepressants restored vagal function and reduced intestinal inflammation. These results show that reserpine-induced monoamine depletion and maternal separation, 2 models for depression, produced a vulnerability to colitis by a mechanism involving parasympathetic transmission and the presence of gut macrophages. The tricyclic antidepressant desmethylimipramine protected against this vulnerability by a vagal-dependent mechanism. Together these results illustrate the critical role of the vagus in both the vulnerability to inflammation induced by depressive-like conditions and the protection afforded by tricyclic antidepressants and rationalize a clinical evaluation of both parasympathomimetics and tricyclic antidepressants in treatment of inflammatory bowel disease.
On the effectiveness of residue code checking for parallel two's complement multipliers (1996)

The effectiveness of residue code checking for online error detection in parallel two's complement multipliers has only up until now been evaluated experimentally for few architectures. In this paper a formal analysis is given for most of the current multiplication schemes. Based on this analysis it is shown which check bases are appropriate, and how the original scheme has to be extended for complete error detection at the input registers and Booth recoding circuitry. In addition, we argue that the hardware overhead for checking can be reduced by approximately one half if a small latency in error detection is acceptable. Schemes for structuring the checking logic in order to guarantee it to be self-testing, and thus achieve the totally self-checking goal for the overall circuit, are also derived.
The Weighted Average Cost of Capital: A Caveat (1992)

(1992). The Weighted Average Cost of Capital: A Caveat. The Engineering Economist: Vol. 37, No. 2, pp. 178-183.
Current Developments on Optical Feedback Interferometry as an All-Optical Sensor for Biomedical Applications (2016)

Optical feedback interferometry (OFI) sensors are experiencing a consistent increase in their applications to biosensing due to their contactless nature, low cost and compactness, features that fit very well with current biophotonics research and market trends. The present paper is a review of the work in progress at UPC-CD6 and LAAS-CNRS related to the application of OFI to different aspects of biosensing, both in vivo and ex vivo. This work is intended to present the variety of opportunities and potential applications related to OFI that are available in the field. The activities presented are divided into two main sensing strategies: The measurement of optical path changes and the monitoring of flows, which correspond to sensing strategies linked to the reconstruction of changes of amplitude from the interferometric signal, and to classical Doppler frequency measurements, respectively. For optical path change measurements, measurements of transient pulses, usual in biosensing, together with the measurement of large displacements applied to designing palliative care instrumentation for Parkinson disease are discussed. Regarding the Doppler-based approach, progress in flow-related signal processing and applications in real-time monitoring of non-steady flows, human blood flow monitoring and OFI pressure myograph sensing will be presented. In all cases, experimental setups are discussed and results presented, showing the versatility of the technique. The described applications show the wide capabilities in biosensing of the OFI sensor, showing it as an enabler of low-cost, all-optical, high accuracy biomedical applications.
Shock Initiation of Damaged Explosives (2009)

Explosive and propellant charges are subjected to various mechanical and thermal insults that can increase their sensitivity over the course of their lifetimes. To quantify this effect, shock initiation experiments were performed on mechanically and thermally damaged LX-04 (85% HMX, 15% Viton by weight) and PBX 9502 (95% TATB, 5% Kel-F by weight) to obtain in-situ manganin pressure gauge data and run distances to detonation at various shock pressures. We report the behavior of the HMX-based explosive LX-04 that was damaged mechanically by applying a compressive load of 600 psi for 20,000 cycles, thus creating many small narrow cracks, or by cutting wedge shaped parts that were then loosely reassembled, thus creating a few large cracks. The thermally damaged LX-04 charges were heated to 190 C for long enough for the beta to delta solid - solid phase transition to occur, and then cooled to ambient temperature. Mechanically damaged LX-04 exhibited only slightly increased shock sensitivity, while thermally damaged LX-04 was much more shock sensitive. Similarly, the insensitive explosive PBX 9502 was mechanically damaged using the same two techniques. Since PBX 9502 does not undergo a solid - solid phase transition but does undergo irreversible or 'rachet' growth when thermallymore » cycled, thermal damage to PBX 9502 was induced by this procedure. As for LX-04, the thermally damaged PBX 9502 demonstrated a greater shock sensitivity than mechanically damaged PBX 9502. The Ignition and Growth reactive flow model calculated the increased sensitivities by igniting more damaged LX-04 and PBX 9502 near the shock front based on the measured densities (porosities) of the damaged charges.« less
Progress in Production and Performance of Second Generation (2G) HTS Wire for Practical Applications (2014)

Rare earth (RE) based second generation (2G) high temperature superconducting (HTS) wire is an emerging material that has been commercially available to a wide range of energy, scientific, industrial and medical applications including high-field magnets, fault current limiters, motors and generators, transformers, and power cables. High engineering critical current density, high mechanical strength, and high irreversibility field are the major advantages of 2G HTS wires over low temperature superconducting (LTS) wires and bismuth-based first generation (1G) HTS wires. 2G HTS wires with critical current I <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">c</sub> (77K, self-field) of 300 ~ 500 A/cm-w and piece lengths of a few hundred meters are being routinely produced. Past and ongoing demonstration projects using the 2G HTS wires suggest that the practical application of this new material is appealing, promising and challenging. Further improvement in wire performance is desired and wire price is to be reduced. In this paper, important properties of 2G wires such as uniformity, in-field Ic and electromechanical behaviors are described. Recent technology advancements in using 2G HTS wire for practical applications are discussed.