gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Opinion Extraction, Summarization and Tracking in News and Blog Corpora. (2006)

Humans like to express their opinions and are eager to know others ’ opinions. Automatically mining and organizing opinions from heterogeneous information sources are very useful for individuals, organizations and even governments. Opinion extraction, opinion summarization and opinion tracking are three important techniques for understanding opinions. Opinion extraction mines opinions at word, sentence and document levels from articles. Opinion summarization summarizes opinions of articles by telling sentiment polarities, degree and the correlated events. In this paper, both news and web blog articles are investigated. TREC, NTCIR and articles collected from web blogs serve as the information sources for opinion extraction. Documents related to the issue of animal cloning are selected as the experimental materials. Algorithms for opinion extraction at word, sentence and document level are proposed. The issue of relevant sentence selection is discussed, and then topical and opinionated information are summarized. Opinion summarizations are visualized by representative sentences. Text-based summaries in different languages, and from different sources, are compared. Finally, an opinionated curve showing supportive and non-supportive degree along the timeline is illustrated by an opinion tracking system.
Techniques for Reprogramming the Boot in Automotive Embedded Controllers (2008)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Typically, automotive embedded microcontrollers will have flash ROM-resident boot (boot loader) software in order to reprogram the application software and/or the calibration data. However, depending on the engineering design and manufacturing process, there may be a need to reprogram the flash-resident boot software area itself. This can be achieved by exploiting the features that the underlying microcontroller offers, with the aim to minimize “brain dead” vulnerability, which is a major reprogramming concern.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;This paper first discusses some of the needs for reprogramming the boot area, while some of the methods one can consider to address them are delineated subsequently. The paper summarizes with a word on the implementation results and comparisons using CAN-based serial communication.&lt;/div&gt;
Multiscale approach reveals that Cloudina aggregates are detritus and not in situ reef constructions (2018)

The earliest metazoans capable of biomineralization appeared during the late Ediacaran Period (635-541 Ma) in strata associated with shallow water microbial reefs. It has been suggested that some Ediacaran microbial reefs were dominated (and possibly built) by an abundant and globally distributed tubular organism known as <i>Cloudina</i> If true, this interpretation implies that metazoan framework reef building-a complex behavior that is responsible for some of the largest bioconstructions and most diverse environments in modern oceans-emerged much earlier than previously thought. Here, we present 3D reconstructions of <i>Cloudina</i> populations, produced using an automated serial grinding and imaging system coupled with a recently developed neural network image classifier. Our reconstructions show that <i>Cloudina</i> aggregates are composed of transported remains while detailed field observations demonstrate that the studied reef outcrops contain only detrital <i>Cloudina</i> buildups, suggesting that <i>Cloudina</i> played a minor role in Ediacaran reef systems. These techniques have wide applicability to problems that require 3D reconstructions where physical separation is impossible and a lack of density contrast precludes tomographic imaging techniques.
Multi-task Learning with Weak Class Labels: Leveraging iEEG to Detect Cortical Lesions in Cryptogenic Epilepsy (2016)

Multi-task learning (MTL) is useful for domains in which data originates from multiple sources that are individually under-sampled. MTL methods are able to learn classification models that have higher performance as compared to learning a single model by aggregating all the data together or learning a separate model for each data source. The performance of these methods relies on label accuracy. We address the problem of simultaneously learning multiple classifiers in the MTL framework when the training data has imprecise labels. We assume that there is an additional source of information that provides a score for each instance which reflects the certainty about its label. Modeling this score as being generated by an underlying ranking function, we augment the MTL framework with an added layer of supervision. This results in new MTL methods that are able to learn accurate classifiers while preserving the domain structure provided through the rank information. We apply these methods to the task of detecting abnormal cortical regions in the MRIs of patients suffering from focal epilepsy whose MRI were read as normal by expert neuroradiologists. In addition to the noisy labels provided by the results of surgical resection, we employ the results of an invasive intracranial-EEG exam as an additional source of label information. Our proposed methods are able to successfully detect abnormal regions for all patients in our dataset and achieve a higher performance as compared to baseline methods.
X‐Ray Photoelectron Study of the Oxides Formed on Nickel Metal and Nickel‐Chromium 20% Alloy Surfaces under Reducing and Oxidizing Potentials in Basic, Neutral and Acidic Solutions (2012)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Experimental Results and Discussion Conclusions Acknowledgements
Sequentially designed experiments for screening out bad models with F tests (1971)

The sequential design of experiments to screen out invalid models among a set of contemplated linear models is proposed. The method is illustrated with a simple polynomial example.
Laser-Doppler velocimeter for measuring droplet velocities in two-phase liquid-dominated nozzle flows (1978)

A new laser-Doppler velocimeter (LDV) arrangement for measuring droplet velocities in high velocity, liquid-dominated two-phase nozzle flows was developed. The transmitting optics arrangement for this LDV system is identical to that of a dual beam heterodyne LDV, i.e., the light beam from a single frequency argon laser is divided into two parallel identical beams, which are focused to an intersection volume in the flow. The light backscattered from droplets traveling through this volume is collected for analysis using a scanning confocal Fabry-Perot interferometer (FPI). Because of the dual beam arrangement an unscattered or reference beam is not necessary, and the optical alignment ease and stability are greatly improved over similar LDV-FPI systems. Results of droplet velocity measurements in high velocity, high droplet concentration nozzle jet flows are presented.
Effect of substrate pretreatments on the atomic layer deposited Al2O3 passivation quality (2014)

The authors show here that the passivation quality of Al2O3 is highly sensitive to the surface condition prior to the atomic layer deposition, affecting especially the thermal stability of the film. Pretreatments like diluted HCl bath or preheating at 200 °C both improved significantly the passivation quality and thermal stability of the films. In addition, the authors observed that a thin chemical SiO2 layer resulting from diluted HCl solves the blistering problem often encountered in H2O based atomic layer deposited process. Finally, the authors show that the chemical oxide protects the surface from contaminants, enabling long storage times in a dirty ambient between the cleaning and the film deposition.
AMI (2017)

Dementia is a progressive, degenerative syndrome that erodes cognition, long term memory, and the ability to maintain social relationships. Anxiety is common among those with dementia, and ranges from momentary and mild, to chronic and severe. Listening to familiar music from childhood or early adulthood has been shown to provide therapeutic and positive quality of life effects for individuals with dementia, but most modern interfaces are unfamiliar and difficult to use which may add frustration and stress that music is intended to relieve. To enable individuals with dementia to control playback of music, we present AMI, a tangible music player that can be reconfigured and adapted to meet the changing needs and preferences of individuals. AMI provides a set of input components (e.g., buttons, switches, knobs) with varying physical properties which can be easily interchanged by a non-technical user (such as a caregiver). This work contributes the system design, results of user tests with the target population, as well as a set of design principles that can be used in the development of future interfaces.
Structural, electronic and magnetic properties of metal–metal bonded dinuclear rhenium complexes bridged by organocyanide acceptor ligands (2003)

The syntheses, spectroscopic properties, redox chemistry, and solid-state structures of products obtained from the reaction of Re2Cl4(dppm)2 (dppm = bis(diphenylphosphino) methane) with the polycyano acceptors TCNQ (7,7,8,8-tetracyanoquinodimethanido) and DM-DCNQI (2,5-dimethyl-N,N′-dicyanoquinonediimine) are described. The compounds [Re2Cl4(dppm)2]2(μ-TCNQ), 1, and [Re2Cl4(dppm)2]2(μ-DM-DCNQI), 2, have been prepared by reaction of two equivalents of Re2Cl4(dppm)2 with TCNQ and DMDCNQI, respectively, in THF or CH2Cl2. A single-crystal X-ray crystallographic study of [Re2Cl4(dppm)2]2(μ-TCNQ)·10THF revealed the presence of a trans-μ2 bidentate mode for the bridging TCNQ ligand that joins two Re2Cl4(dppm)2 molecules through equatorial positions. In a similar fashion, the compound [Re2Cl4(dppm)2]2(μ-DM-DCNQI)·10THF consists of two Re2 units coordinated to the two nitrile positions of the DM-DCNQI ligand. The electronic properties of both compounds are unusual in that they exhibit intense, broad absorptions that span the near-IR region and extend into the mid-IR. The electrochemistry of the compounds consists of numerous oxidation and reduction processes in the range of +2.0 to −2.0 V as determined by cyclic voltammetry. Both 1 and 2 exhibit temperature independent paramagnetism (TIP) with large χTIP values of 7.29 × 10−3 and 6.23 × 10−3 emu mol−1, respectively.
3D simulations of wet foam coarsening evidence a self similar growth regime (2015)

In wet liquid foams, slow diffusion of gas through bubble walls changes bubble pressure, volume and wall curvature. Large bubbles grow at the expenses of smaller ones. The smaller the bubble, the faster it shrinks. As the number of bubbles in a given volume decreases in time, the average bubble size increases: i.e. the foam coarsens. During coarsening, bubbles also move relative to each other, changing bubble topology and shape, while liquid moves within the regions separating the bubbles. Analyzing the combined effects of these mechanisms requires examining a volume with enough bubbles to provide appropriate statistics throughout coarsening. Using a Cellular Potts model, we simulate these mechanisms during the evolution of three-dimensional foams with wetnesses of $ϕ=0.00$, $0.05$ and $ 0.20$. We represent the liquid phase as an ensemble of many small fluid particles, which allows us to monitor liquid flow in the region between bubbles. The simulations begin with $2 \times 10^5$ bubbles for $ϕ= 0.00$ and $1.25 \times 10^5$ bubbles for $ϕ= 0.05$ and $0.20$, allowing us to track the distribution functions for bubble size, topology and growth rate over two and a half decades of volume change. All simulations eventually reach a self-similar growth regime, with the distribution functions time independent and the number of bubbles decreasing with time as a power law whose exponent depends on the wetness.
Trial-by-trial variability in cortical responses exhibits scaling in spatial correlations predicted from critical dynamics (2020)

Abstract Simple sensory stimuli or motor outputs engage large populations of neurons in the mammalian cortex. When stimuli or outputs repeat, the robust population response contrasts with fluctuating responses of individual neurons, known as trial-by-trial variability. To understand this apparent discrepancy, a detailed identification of the underlying spatiotemporal correlations is required. Here, we analyze spatial correlations in the instantaneous fluctuations between neurons relative to the neuronal population. Using 2-photon imaging of visual and auditory responses in primary cortices of awake mice, we show that these correlations grow linearly with the size of the observed cortical area. We extend these observations to the cortical mesoscale by analyzing local field potentials in behaving nonhuman primates. In network simulations, we demonstrate this linear growth in spatial correlation to emerge at criticality. Our findings suggest that trial-by-trial variability is a signature of critical dynamics in cortex maintaining robust, long-range spatial correlations among neurons.
Efficient techniques for wide-area information dissemination (1996)

Information dissemination is a powerful information finding mechanism in wide-area environments. An information dissemination server accepts long-term queries that represent user interests, collects new documents from underlying sources, matches the documents against the queries, and continuously updates the users with relevant information. Previous research in information dissemination focused on the effectiveness of interest matching. However, in wide-area environments, efficiency is important as well.
This dissertation studies efficient techniques for wide-area information dissemination. We first focus on the matching process done at a server. Instead of using the traditional approach of evaluating user queries against an inverted index of documents, we construct an inverted index of queries, against which documents are run. We study several alternative indexing techniques for information retrieval-styled (boolean and vector-space) queries. We present performance results obtained by analysis, simulations, and prototyping. The results show that the proposed techniques reduce the average document processing time by orders of magnitude.
Besides content-matching, the removal of redundant or duplicate information is another important task performed by a dissemination server. In this dissertation, we characterize duplicates found in digital documents. We present the desired functionalities of a duplicate removal module in an information dissemination service, and devise efficient implementation techniques for such a module.
Next we consider a distributed system made up of multiple servers. We address the key problem of how to replicate and distribute queries and documents among servers. We draw a parallel between distributed information dissemination and the well-studied replica control problem, adapt quorum-based protocols for use in information dissemination, and analytically compare their performances. Finally we investigate efficient document delivery mechanisms. We present and evaluate a number of schemes that exploit the geographical locality and/or interest locality of users to cut down network traffic generated by document delivery.
We have implemented the Stanford Information Filtering Tool (SIFT) system, which uses the proposed indexing techniques. A sample SIFT server (URL http://sift.stanford.edu) has been set up to disseminate USENET Netnews articles. The server currently has more than 9,000 users world-wide, processing over 80,000 articles against some 23,000 queries daily.
gSketch: On Query Estimation in Graph Streams (2011)

Many dynamic applications are built upon large network infrastructures, such as social networks, communication networks, biological networks and the Web. Such applications create data that can be naturally modeled as graph streams, in which edges of the underlying graph are received and updated sequentially in a form of a stream. It is often necessary and important to summarize the behavior of graph streams in order to enable effective query processing. However, the sheer size and dynamic nature of graph streams present an enormous challenge to existing graph management techniques. In this paper, we propose a new graph sketch method, gSketch, which combines well studied synopses for traditional data streams with a sketch partitioning technique, to estimate and optimize the responses to basic queries on graph streams. We consider two different scenarios for query estimation: (1) A graph stream sample is available; (2) Both a graph stream sample and a query workload sample are available. Algorithms for different scenarios are designed respectively by partitioning a global sketch to a group of localized sketches in order to optimize the query estimation accuracy. We perform extensive experimental studies on both real and synthetic data sets and demonstrate the power and robustness of gSketch in comparison with the state-of-the-art global sketch method.
Electromagnetic crystal (EMXT) waveguide band-stop filter (2003)

An electromagnetic crystal (EMXT) with a bandgap around 35 GHz is used as the top and/or bottom walls of a rectangular waveguide. Because of its bandgap, such an EMXT waveguide is a very effective band-stop filter with the rejection band centered at 35 GHz. More than 70 dB of isolation for the rejection band and less than 2 dB of insertion loss for the pass band are measured. Finite element simulation of the EMXT band-stop filter agrees very well with measurements. Using tunable EMXT walls, a band-stop filter with adjustable center frequency and bandwidth can also be realized.
Zinc-Amyloid β Interactions on a Millisecond Time-Scale Stabilize Non-fibrillar Alzheimer-Related Species (2008)

The role of zinc, an essential element for normal brain function, in the pathology of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is poorly understood. On one hand, physiological and genetic evidence from transgenic mouse models supports its pathogenic role in promoting the deposition of the amyloid beta-protein (Abeta) in senile plaques. On the other hand, levels of extracellular ("free") zinc in the brain, as inferred by the levels of zinc in cerebrospinal fluid, were found to be too low for inducing Abeta aggregation. Remarkably, the release of transient high local concentrations of zinc during rapid synaptic events was reported. The role of such free zinc pulses in promoting Abeta aggregation has never been established. Using a range of time-resolved structural and spectroscopic techniques, we found that zinc, when introduced in millisecond pulses of micromolar concentrations, immediately interacts with Abeta 1-40 and promotes its aggregation. These interactions specifically stabilize non-fibrillar pathogenic related aggregate forms and prevent the formation of Abeta fibrils (more benign species) presumably by interfering with the self-assembly process of Abeta. These in vitro results strongly suggest a significant role for zinc pulses in Abeta pathology. We further propose that by interfering with Abeta self-assembly, which leads to insoluble, non-pathological fibrillar forms, zinc stabilizes transient, harmful amyloid forms. This report argues that zinc represents a class of molecular pathogens that effectively perturb the self-assembly of benign Abeta fibrils, and stabilize harmful non-fibrillar forms.
Pressure-controlled microfluidics for automated single-molecule sample preparation (2023)

Sample preparation is a crucial step in single-molecule experiments and involves passivating the microfluidic sample chamber, immobilizing the molecules, and setting experimental buffer conditions. The efficiency of the experiment depends on the quality and speed of sample preparation, which is often performed manually and relies on the experience of the experimenter. This can result in inefficient use of single-molecule samples and time, especially for high-throughput applications. To address this, a pressure-controlled microfluidic system is proposed to automate single-molecule sample preparation. The hardware is based on microfluidic components from ElveFlow and is designed to be cost-effective and adaptable to various microscopy applications. The system includes a reservoir pressure adapter and a reservoir holder designed for additive manufacturing. Two flow chamber designs Ibidi µ-slide and Grace Bio-Labs HybriWell chamber are characterized, and the flow characteristics of the liquid at different volume flow rates <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mover><mml:mi>V</mml:mi><mml:mo>˙</mml:mo></mml:mover></mml:math> are simulated using CFD-simulations and compared to experimental and theoretical values. The goal of this work is to establish a straightforward and robust system for single-molecule sample preparation that can increase the efficiency of experiments and reduce the bottleneck of manual sample preparation, particularly for high-throughput applications.
Inhibition of Aluminum Oxyhydroxide Precipitation with Citric Acid (2005)

Citric acid has been shown to act as an agent for increasing the solubility of aluminum oxyhydroxides in aqueous solutions of high (>2.47 mol/mol) hydroxide-to-aluminum ratios. Conversely, citric acid also colloidally stabilizes particles in aqueous suspensions of aluminum-containing particles. Solutions of aluminum chloride, with and without citric acid added, were titrated with NaOH(aq). The presence and size of particles were determined using quasi-elastic light scattering. In solutions that contained no citric acid, particles formed instantaneously when NaOH(aq) was added but these were observed to rapidly diminish in size, disappearing at OH/Al ratios below 2.5 mol/mol. When the OH/Al ratio was raised beyond 2.5 by adding more NaOH(aq), suspensions of colloidally stable particles formed. Large polycations containing 13 aluminum atoms were detected by (27)Al solution NMR in citric-acid-free solutions with OH/Al ratios slightly lower than 2.5. In comparison, adding citric acid to solutions of aluminum chloride inhibited the formation of large aluminum-containing polycations. The absence of the polycations prevents or retards the subsequent formation of particles, indicating that the polycations, when present, act as seeds to the formation of new particles. Particles did not form in solutions with a citric acid/aluminum ratio of 0.8 until sufficient NaOH(aq) was added to raise the OH/Al ratio to 3.29. By comparison, lower amounts of citric acid did not prevent particles from forming but did retard the rate of growth.
Biological Applications Of Scanning Probe Microscopes (1991)

Many bacterial clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)–CRISPR-associated (Cas) systems employ the dual RNA–guided DNA endonuclease Cas9 to defend against invading phages and conjugative plasmids by introducing site-specific ...Read More