gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Genetic polymorphism of IgD-like cell surface immunoglobulin in the mouse. (1976)

Lymphocyte surface antigens from spleen cells of several mouse strains were studied by cell surface radioiodination, extraction with detergent incubation with various antisera, and separation of complexes using protein A-containing staphylococci as a solid phase adsorbent. Complexes were then dissociated and analyzed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in the presence of sodium diodecyl sulfate. Using this technique and an alloantiserum prepared in C57BL mice against CBA spleen cells, four distinct specific peaks of radioactivity were found with CBA spleen cells. These corresponded to H-2 and Ia antigens, immunoglobulin light chain, and a heavy chain previously proposed to be the murine homolog of the human delta chain. With the same serum, B10.BR spleen cells revealed only H-2 and Ia antigens, whereas C57BL.Ige (allotype congenic) spleen cells showed only the light chain and "delta" chain peaks. Depletion of immunoglobulin from the surface-iodinated preparations resulted in removal of the light chain and "delta" chain peaks. The tissue distribution and membrane expression of this "delta" chain antigen was then studied by indirect immunofluorescence with various C57BL derived alloantisera and lymphoid cells from C57.Ige allotype congenic mice. Significant numbers of positive cells were found in spleen, lymph nodes, and Peyer's patches, whereas few if any positive were found in bone marrow or thymus. No reaction was found between this molecule and alloantisera to any of the previously described immunoglobulin allotypes. It is proposed that these alloantisera to spleen cells recognise one allelic form of the murine "delta" chain coded for by a gene locus closely linked to the known structural genes for mouse immunoglobulin heavy chains. The designation Ig-5 is proposed for this new immunoglobulin heavy chain locus.
Conception et mise en uvre d'un reacteur de craquage lit fluidise sous plasma. Etude experimentale et modelisation dans le cas des hydrocarbures aliphatiques (1990)

Au cours de ce travail, nous nous sommes proposes de developper un procede original base sur l'emploi d'un plasma d'hydrogene pour la production d'un flux de radicaux a basse temperature suivie de la reaction avec l'hydrocarbure. Le lit fluidise permet un transfert eleve de chaleur et de quantite de mouvement plasma/particules qui repose sur le fait que les proprietes de transfert (viscosite, conductibilite thermique) du lit fluidise sont superieures a celles du plasma. L'originalite du reacteur repose sur la conception d'un lit fluidise assymetrique comprenant un compartiment haute temperature, ou compartiment de trempe du plasma, permettant la decomposition moderee du methane en radicaux ch#3, ch#2, h#o. . . , et un compartiment de melangeage hydrocarbure/flux de radicaux, trempe par un rideau de particules. Cette technique assure ainsi le respect de la chimie et de la thermique du craquage des hydrocarbures. Le taux de conversion du n-hexadecane, choisi comme hydrocarbure modele, peut atteindre jusqu'a 95% en fonction des parametres reactionnels. Les produits de la reaction sont essentiellement des alpha-olefines lineaires. L'ethylene et le propylene apparaissent comme les principaux produits. La formation du noir de carbone est negligeable. Le role de la temperature, du temps de sejour, de la nature des particules, et des radcaux ch#o#3, ch#o#2, ch#o, h#o produits a partir de la decomposition du methane a ete mis en evidence. Le taux de decomposition du methane seul atteint 55% avec la formation de l'acetylene (fraction molaire: 55%) et de l'ethylene (fraction molaire: 35%). Nous avons developpe un modele cinetique base sur la theorie radicalaire de rice qui permet d'expliquer la distribution des produits et le taux de conversion experimentaux. Ce modele confirme le role initiateur des radicaux h#o, ch#o#3, c#2h#o#5 et c#3h#o#6, au cours des reactions de craquage. Il demontre
Acylation and alkylation of 1,3-dimethoxybenzene in polyphosphoric acid (1969)

Products of the reaction of 3-halo- and 3-ethoxypropionic acids with 1,3-dimethoxybenzene (4) in polyphosphoric acid have been shown to be 2′,4′-dimethoxy-3-(2,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-propiophenone (6) and 1,5-bis[3-(2,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-3-keto-propyl]-2,4-dimethoxybenzene (15) and these have been prepared by unambiguous syntheses. 2′,4′-Dimethoxy-3-ethoxypropiophenone (3a) and 2′,3,4′-trimethoxypropiophenone (3d) have been synthesized by the reaction of 3-chloro-2′,4′-dimethoxy- propiophenone (3c) with ethanol and methanol respectively.
A tool for the design and evaluation of fibre channel storage area networks (2002)

The fast growth of data intensive applications has caused a change in the traditional storage model. The server-to-disk approach, usually implemented with SCSI buses, is being replaced by storage area networks (SAN), which enable storage to be externalized from servers, thus allowing storage devices to be shared among multiple servers. A SAN is a separate network for storage, isolated from the messaging network and optimized for the movement of data between servers and storage devices. Nowadays, most current SAN use Fibre Channel as the technology to move data between servers and storage devices. In order to design and evaluate the performance of these systems it is necessary to have adequate tools. Usually, performance evaluation may be based on analytical modeling or simulation. Each of them differs in their scope and applicability or simulation modeling technique offers more freedom, flexibility, and accuracy than analytical methods. Thus, when evaluating the performance of SAN, simulation modeling should be used. We present the main capabilities of a simulator for Fibre Channel SAN, focusing on its input parameters and output variables. We also show several simple examples of performance measurements that can be obtained using this tool.
Genetic Profile of Clear Cell Odontogenic Carcinoma (2003)

In the head and neck region, clear cell tumors are usually derived from salivary glands, odontogenic tissues, and metastasis. The World Health Organization has classified clear cell odontogenic tumor among benign tumors, but it is now recognized as a more sinister lesion, and current opinion is that it should be designated as a carcinoma. It is characterized by aggressive growth, recurrences, and metastasis. By using complementary DNA microarrays, several genes in clear cell odontogenic tumor were identified that are differentially regulated when compared with non-tumor tissue. In conclusion, the first genetic profiling of clear odontogenic carcinoma is reported. DNA microarrays can potentially help in identifying some genes whose products could be disease-specific targets for cancer therapy as well as a tool for better classifying odontogenic tumor.
Improving durability of ladle nozzle for continuous casting by use of spherical alumina particles (1986)

The physical properties and characteristics of unburned alumina‐carbon refractories with added spherical alumina particles were investigated. The strength of the refractories was decreased whereas the packing density, erosion resistance and thermal shock resistance were improved by the addition of the spherical alumina particles. Based on these results, the lower nozzle of the sliding nozzle for continuous casting has been made of alumina‐carbon refractories with added spherical alumina particles. The lower nozzle has shown uniform structure and reduced incidence of crack formation caused by thermal stress arising during casting. Accordingly, the durability of the lower nozzle has been considerably increased.
Design of a biomimetic polymer‐composite hip prosthesis (2007)

A new biomimetic composite hip prosthesis (stem) was designed to obtain properties similar to those of the contiguous bone, in particular stiffness, to allow normal loading of the surrounding femoral bone. This normal loading would reduce excessive stress shielding, known to result in bone loss, and micromotions at the bone-implant interface, leading to aseptic prosthetic loosening. The design proposed is based on a hollow substructure made of hydroxyapatite-coated, continuous carbon fiber (CF) reinforced polyamide 12 (PA12) composite with an internal soft polymer-based core. Different composite configurations were studied to match the properties of host tissue. Nonlinear three-dimensional analysis of the hip prosthesis was carried out using a three-dimensional finite element bone model based on the composite femur. The performance of composite-based hip and titanium alloy-based (Ti-6Al-4V) stems embedded into femoral bone was compared. The effect of core stiffness and ply configuration was also analyzed. Results show that stresses in composite stem are lower than those in Ti stem, and that the femoral bone implanted with composite structure sustains more load than the one implanted with Ti stem. Micromotions in the composite stem are significantly smaller than those in Ti stem over the entire bone-implant surface because of the favorable interfacial stress distribution.
The No-React anticalcification treatment: a comparison of Biocor No-React II and Toronto SPV stentless bioprostheses implanted in sheep. (1999)

Calcification of stentless aortic heterografts still limits the use of these bioprostheses in young patients despite their superior hemodynamic profile. The No-React treatment is described as an anticalcification treatment for biomaterials. We compared the Biocor No-React treated stentless bioprosthesis with the routine glutaraldehyde-fixed Toronto SPV bioprosthesis in a juvenile sheep model. Toronto SPV or Biocor No-React valves were implanted in pulmonary position in juvenile sheep (n = 6). The valves were explanted after 3 months and analyzed by gross inspection, x-ray studies, histological examination, and transmission electron microscopy. The Toronto SPV valve showed calcification of the aortic wall portion at both the inflow and outflow sides of the valve. No significant calcification of the cusps was found by gross inspection or by radiographic or histological examinations. Calcification was visible with electron microscopy in cell remnants and between collagen fibers in the cusps. The Biocor No-React valve showed extensive calcification of the residual aortic wall portion that is contained in the valve. With x-ray and histological examinations, clear calcification of the pericardial wrap, largely replacing the aortic wall tissue, was seen. Calcification scattered throughout the cusp was seen by electron microscopy. We conclude that the Biocor No-React process did not prevent calcification of glutaraldehyde-fixed stentless bioprostheses in a juvenile sheep experimental model. Furthermore, replacement of a large part of the aortic wall by a pericardial wrap did not prevent calcification of the stentless valve "wall."
Factors guiding regenerating retinotectal fibres in the frog Xenopus laevis (1985)

I have examined the pathways of retinotectal fibres regenerating back to the contralateral tectum, and also to innervated and 'virgin' ipsilateral tecta in postmetamorphic Xenopus. The fibres were visualized by HRP labelling of either the whole optic nerve, or a selected quadrant of the retina. Most fibres grow into either the ipsilateral or contralateral optic tract, although a small proportion go down the outside of the contralateral optic nerve. In the tracts, many fibres grow superficially, close beneath the pia, but a variable proportion runs more deeply. Axonal growth is not, therefore, restricted absolutely to the subpial region in the postmetamorphic Xenopus brain. Fibres growing onto the contralateral, or a 'virgin' tectum mostly grow straight onto the rostral margin of the tectal lobe, without growing around its margin in the form of a medial or lateral brachium. Most of these fibres grow through the deeper part of the tectal layer which normally contains optic neuropil, but a proportion of them grow immediately deep to the pia. Fibres regenerating to an innervated ipsilateral tectum mostly enter either the medial or lateral brachium of the optic tract, and only leave this close to their site of termination. In the brachia the fibres run superficially under the pia, but when they leave the brachia they mostly run through the deeper retinorecipient layers. These observations provide further evidence that ingrowing optic fibres have their pathways influenced by the axons which have preceded them.
Uroguanylin treatment suppresses polyp formation in the Apc(Min/+) mouse and induces apoptosis in human colon adenocarcinoma cells via cyclic GMP. (2000)

The enteric peptides, guanylin and uroguanylin, are local regulators of intestinal secretion by activation of receptor-guanylate cyclase (R-GC) signaling molecules that produce cyclic GMP (cGMP) and stimulate the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator-dependent secretion of Cl- and HCO3-. Our experiments demonstrate that mRNA transcripts for guanylin and uroguanylin are markedly reduced in colon polyps and adenocarcinomas. In contrast, a specific uroguanylin-R-GC, R-GCC, is expressed in polyps and adenocarcinomas at levels comparable with normal colon mucosa. Activation of R-GCC by uroguanylin in vitro inhibits the proliferation of T84 colon cells and elicits profound apoptosis in human colon cancer cells, T84. Therefore, down-regulation of gene expression and loss of the peptides may interfere with renewal and/or removal of the epithelial cells resulting in the formation of polyps, which can progress to malignant cancers of the colon and rectum. Oral replacement therapy with human uroguanylin was used to evaluate its effects on the formation of intestinal polyps in the Min/+ mouse model for colorectal cancer. Uroguanylin significantly reduces the number of polyps found in the intestine of Min/+ mice by approximately 50% of control. Our findings suggest that uroguanylin and guanylin regulate the turnover of epithelial cells within the intestinal mucosa via activation of a cGMP signaling mechanism that elicits apoptosis of target enterocytes. The intestinal R-GC signaling molecules for guanylin regulatory peptides are promising targets for prevention and/or therapeutic treatment of intestinal polyps and cancers by oral administration of human uroguanylin.
A novel estrogen receptor 1: sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase acid-like 3B pathway mediates rituximab response in myositis patients (2022)

In addition to B-cell depletion, rituximab may be beneficial in myositis due to increased ESR1 signalling mediated by rituximab binding to SMPDL3B on skeletal muscle cells.
The Potential Role of Cytokine Therapy for Fungal Infections in Patients with Cancer: Is Recovery from Neutropenia all that is Needed? (1998)

Optimal regimens for the treatment of invasive fungal infections have yet to be defined, and these life-threatening conditions are one of the leading causes of treatment failure in patients with cancer. A substantial body of preclinical work points in the direction of using cytokines as immunomodulators of the multiple deficiencies involved in the progression of fungal infections in neutropenic and nonneutropenic cancer patients. These deficiencies include not only the easily recognized deficiencies in cell quantity but also subtle deficiencies of cell function. Four cytokines (granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, macrophage colony-stimulating factor, and interferon gamma) show promise as adjuvant therapy for proven fungal infections in this setting, although clinical experience is still limited. As an additional approach, the concept of white blood cell transfusions has been revived by the use of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor and promises to be helpful in the setting of neutropenia.
Adrenergic agents. 4. Substituted phenoxypropanolamine derivatives as potential .beta.-adrenergic agonists (1977)

A series of 1-(substituted phenoxy)-3-(tert-butylamino)-2-propanols in which the ring substituents were 3,4-dihydroxy (6f), 3- and 4-hydroxy (6g and 6h, respectively), 3-hydroxy-4-methylsulfonamido (6i), its 3,4-transposed isomer (6j), and 4-methylsulfonylmethyl (6k) was prepared and examined for beta-adrenergic agonist and/or antagonist properties. Two of these compounds, 6f and 6j, were potent beta-adrenoreceptor agonists in in vitro tests that measure a compound's ability to relax guinea pig tracheal smooth muscle and to increase the rate of contraction of guinea pig right atria. Several compounds had a dose-dependent effect. Although they produced potent beta-adrenergic agonist activity at low concentrations, 6g, 6h, and 6j antagonized the effects of a standard beta-adrenoreceptor agonist at higher concentrations. The methylsulfonylmethyl derivative 6k produced beta-adrenergic blocking effects as demonstrated by attenuation of isoproterenol-induced increases in the rate of contraction of an isolated rabbit heart preparation. On the basis of these pharmacological results, coupled with NMR spectral data, it appears that the previous suggestion that aryloxypropanolamines interact with beta-adrenocreceptors as a consequence of their ability to assume an orientation in which the benzene ring the ethanolamine moieties can be superimposed on those of corresponding adrenergic phenylethanolamines is invalid. An alternative "bicyclic" rigid conformation involving two intramolecular hydrogen bonds in the protonated form of the aryloxypropanolamines is suggested to account for the similar beta-adrenoreceptor activity of these compounds and related phenylethanolamines.
Removal of Antimicrobial Peptides from Aqueous Solutions Using Carbon Nanotubes (2018)

The aim of this work is to study the possibility of removing antimicrobial peptides arenicin-1 and tachyplesin-1 from aqueous solutions using new highly hydrophobic nanomaterials—carbon nanotubes (CNTs) Taunit-M. Two types of CNTs, respectively, functionalized and nonfunctionalized with–COOH groups are studied. The RP HPLC method is used for the quantification of peptides in solutions before and after the sorption on the CNTs. It is revealed that tachyplesin-1 and arenicin-1 are actually not adsorbed on nonfunctionalized CNTs. A theoretical calculation of specific hydrophobicity and aliphatic index shows that both peptides have poorly expressed hydrophobic properties, and this can explain lack of their adsorption. On the contrary, using functionalized CNTs makes it possible to remove up to 89% of arenicin-1 and 92% of tachyplesin-1 from the solution. A comparative study of adsorption of the antimicrobial peptide tachyplesin- 1 on nonfunctionalized activated carbons and functionalized CNTs shows that the amount of peptide adsorbed on activated carbons is about three times less than that absorbed on CNTs. It is assumed that the high adsorption capacity of the functionalized CNTs toward the studied peptides results from the functionalization of the sorbent surface with the–COOH groups capable of forming ionic bonds with free–NH2 groups of peptides. This shows the prospects for using functionalized CNTs as sorbents for the removal of toxic preparations of peptide origin from aqueous solutions.
Incentives, Policies, Participation and Response: Reflections on World Bank ‘Policies and Priorities in Agriculture’ (2009)

RESUME RESUME Mesures d'incitation, politiques, participation et réponse: réflexions sur les ‘Politiques et Priorités de l'Agriculture’ de la BIRD L'agriculture est, à juste titre, le centre de l'analyse et de la stratégie du Rapport Accelerated Development Report . Une masse considérable d'informations a été recueillie et nombre d'analyses, de critiques et de propositions sont clairement judicieuses. Cependant, une trop grande généralisation et le manque d'un ensemble bien défini de priorités solidaires créent des problèmes aux usagers potentiels de l'analyse ou des prescriptions. Les mesures d'incitation, en particulier, semblent avoir été défines trop rigoureusement (avec certaines recommandations concernant l'augmentation réelle des prix simplement impossibles à appliquer); les assumptions des propositions de croissance nationale et agricole basée sur l'exportation de denrées semblent souffrir d'une ‘sophisme de composition’ et la confiance dans les recommandations des organismes extérieurs semble être plus grande qu'elle ne le devrait à la lumière des expériences passées. RESUMEN RESUMEN Incentivos, políticas, participación y reacción: reflexiones sobre ‘Políticas y Prioridades para la Agricultura’ del BIRF La agricultura es apropiadamente central para el análisis y la estrategia del Informe de Desarrollo Acelerado . Se realiza un acopio importante de datos y resulta evidentemente segura una considerable gama de análisis, críticas y propuestas. Sin embargo, la excesiva generalización y la carencia de un conjunto evidente de prioridades interconectadas dan lugar a problemas de los posibles usuarios bien sea de los análisis o de lo que se prescribe. En especial, los incentivos parecen haberse definido de manera demasiato estrecha (sin que resulte sencillamente posible parte del consejo sobre el incremento real de los precios); los supuestos de propuestas de expansión agrícola y nacional basadas en productos de exportación, parecen sufrir de una ‘ilusión de composición’ y la fe en el asesoramiento externo parece resultar menos calificada que lo que exige la evidencia histórica.
Synthesis and Characterization ofO-Alkylated Amidium Ionic Liquids (2015)

In the present study, a new series of ionic liquids (ILs) derived from low-cost amides and lactams (cyclic amides), such as N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF), were synthesized and characterized. Unlike other nucleophiles like amines, the alkylation reaction of the amides with alkyl triflates to form cationic species takes place at the carbonyl oxygen atom, instead of the nitrogen atom. For these O-alkylated amidium ILs, the basic physicochemical properties, such as melting point, glass transition temperature, plastic crystal phase transition, thermal stability, density, surface tension, viscosity, ionic conductivity and electrochemical window, were investigated and studied. Generally, these ILs are distinguished by low viscosity and high conductivity, in particular the DMF-derived ILs with viscosity as low as 21.6 cP and conductivity up to 15.45 mS cm–1 at 25 °C. This result should be attributed to the cationic DMF structures: planar geometry, low symmetry, C2-proton and ether moiety, resulting in much lower viscosity and higher conductivity than the best-known imidazolium ILs. Meanwhile, these amidium ILs also possess wide electrochemical windows (∼4.5 V) comparable to imidazolium ILs, implying their potential in electrochemical applications. Furthermore, several of the amidium ILs can form plastic crystal with a maximum enthalpy gain of −35.7 J g–1 at the temperature range of −10–90 °C.
Noninvasive assessment of clinically significant portal hypertension using ΔT1 of the liver and spleen and ECV of the spleen on routine Gd-EOB-DTPA liver MRI (2021)

ΔT1 of the liver and spleen in addition to ECV of the spleen allow for determination of CSPH on routine Gd-EOB-DTPA liver MRI.