gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Learning from the field: analysing foreign experience feedbacks to enrich the development of a programme for the renovation of multifamily housing in Geneva (2017)

Local authorities or other local stakeholders are increasingly involved in the implementation of energy efficiency policies, and in particular for the renovation of buildings. They can have more flexibility in their action plans, compared to national institutions. They often take the lead to experiment new approaches and are therefore key sources of policy innovation. However their means are smaller and they encounter difficulties in transforming pilot projects into large dissemination schemes. This paper presents a detailed review of 9 local and/or innovative initiatives aimed at boosting the renovation of dwellings, and in particular of multifamily housing, mostly in France, but also in Austria, Germany, the Netherlands and Switzerland. This sample is not meant to be representative. The case studies were selected based on the interest they have raised in other local authorities or countries, and to have a diversity of approaches: from tailored support requiring a strong involvement of the homeowners to turnkey renovation services. The analysis is structured according to the support offered along the customer journey: 1) general information; 2) targeted technical advice; 3) financial engineering; 4) preparation of the works and selection of the professionals; 5) implementation of the works; 6) validation and follow-up. While in the past the initiatives tended to focus on some of these steps, the recent initiatives increasingly cover the whole journey. The case studies bring interesting experience feedback for each of these steps. Most of these schemes aimed at a renovation rate between one to ten thousand dwellings per year. The achievements vary and highlight key lessons learnt for experience sharing. This study was indeed made for the Public Energy Utility of Geneva and Geneva Cantonal Office of Energy in order to feed thoughts for the further deployment of an energy renovation programme.
Eradication by Irradiation (2016)

From the Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Brown University, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island. All correspondence and requests for reprints should be addressed to: Luby Sidoff, MD, Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Rhode Island Hospital, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI. Financial disclosure statements have been obtained, and no conflicts of interest have been reported by the authors or by any individuals in control of the content of this article.
Comparison of MTF measurements using edge method: towards reference data set (2018)

A sensor's spatial resolution has traditionally been a difficult concept to define, but all would agree that it is inextricably linked to the Ground Sampling Distance (GSD) and Instantaneous Field of View (IFOV) of an imaging sensor system. As a measure of the geospatial quality of imagery, the Modulation Transfer Function (MTF) of the system is often used along with the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). However, their calculation is not fully standardized. Further, consistent measurements and comparisons are often hard to obtain. Therefore, in the Infrared and Visible Optical Sensors (IVOS) subgroup of the Working Group on Calibration Validation (WGCV) of the Committee for Earth Observation Satellites (CEOS), a team from various countries and professional entities who are involved in MTF measurement was established to address the issue of on-orbit MTF measurements and comparisons. As a first step, a blind comparison of MTF measurements based on the slanted edge approach has been undertaken. A set of both artificial and actual satellite edge images was developed and a first comparison of processing results was generated. In all, seven organizations contributed to the experiment and several significant results were generated in 2016. No single participant produced the best results for all test images as measured by either the closest to the mean result, or closest to the truth for the synthetic test images. In addition, close estimates of the MTF value at Nyquist did not ensure the accuracy of other MTF values at other spatial frequencies. Some algorithm results showed that the accuracy of their estimates depended upon the type of MTF curve that was being analyzed. After the initial analysis, participants were allowed to modify their methodology and reprocess the test images since, in several cases, the results contained errors. Results from the second iteration, in 2017, verified that the anomalies in the experiment's first iteration were due to errors in either coding or methodology, or both. One organization implemented a third trial to fix software errors. This emphasizes the importance of fully understanding both methodology and implementation, in order to ensure accurate and repeatable results. To extend this comparison study, a reference data set, which is composed of edge images and corresponding MTF curves, will be built. A broader audience will be able to access the edge images through the CEOS CalVal Portal (http://calvalportal.ceos.org/). This paper, which is associated with the reference data set, can serve as a new tool to either implement or check, or both, the MTF measurement that relies on the slanted edge method.
Enhanced synaptic transmission in the extended amygdala and altered excitability in an extended amygdala to brainstem circuit in a Dravet syndrome mouse model (2020)

ABSTRACT Objective Dravet syndrome (DS) is a severe, early-onset epilepsy with an increased incidence of sudden death. Evidence of interictal breathing deficits in DS suggest that alterations in subcortical projections to brainstem nuclei may exist, which might be driving comorbidities in DS. The aim of this study was to determine if a subcortical structure, the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST) in the extended amygdala, is activated by seizures, exhibits changes in excitability, and expresses any alterations in neurons projecting to a brainstem nucleus associated with respiration, stress response and homeostasis. Methods Experiments were conducted using F1 mice generated by breeding 129.Scn1a +/- mice with wildtype C57BL/6J mice. Immunohistochemistry was performed to quantify neuronal c-fos activation in DS mice after observed spontaneous seizures. Whole cell patch clamp and current clamp electrophysiology recordings were conducted to evaluate changes in intrinsic and synaptic excitability in the BNST. Results Spontaneous seizures in DS mice significantly enhanced neuronal c-fos expression in the BNST. Further, the BNST had altered AMPA/NMDA postsynaptic receptor composition and showed changes in spontaneous neurotransmission, with greater excitation and decreased inhibition. BNST to parabrachial nucleus (PBN) projection neurons exhibited intrinsic excitability in wildtype mice, while these projection neurons were hypoexcitable in DS mice. Significance The findings suggest that there is altered excitability in neurons of the BNST, including BNST to PBN projection neurons, in DS mice. These alterations could potentially be driving comorbid aspects of DS outside of seizures, including respiratory dysfunction and sudden death. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Dravet syndrome (DS) is an early-onset epilepsy with an increased risk of sudden death. We determined that there are alterations in a subcortical nucleus, the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST) of the extended amygdala, in a murine DS model. The BNST is involved in stress, anxiety, feeding, and respiratory function. We found enhanced activation in the BNST after seizures and alterations in basal synaptic neurotransmission–with enhanced spontaneous excitatory and decreased spontaneous inhibitory postsynaptic events. Evaluating those neurons that project to the parabrachial nucleus (PBN), a nucleus with multiple homeostatic roles, we found them to be hypoexcitable in DS. Alterations in BNST to brainstem projections could be implicated in comorbid aspects of DS, including respiratory dysfunction and sudden death.
Converting Alzheimer s disease map into a heavyweight ontology: a formal network to integrate data (2018)

Alzheimer s disease (AD) pathophysiology is still imperfectly understood and current paradigms have not led to curative outcome. Omics technologies offer great promises for improving our understanding and generating new hypotheses. However, integration and interpretation of such data pose major challenges, calling for adequate knowledge models. AlzPathway is a disease map that gives a detailed and broad account of AD pathophysiology. However, AlzPathway lacks formalism, which can lead to ambiguity and misinterpretation. Ontologies are an adequate framework to overcome this limitation, through their axiomatic definitions and logical reasoning properties. We introduce the AD Map Ontology (ADMO) an ontological upper model based on systems biology terms. We then propose to convert AlzPathway into an ontology and to integrate it into ADMO. We demonstrate that it allows one to deal with issues related to redundancy, naming, consistency, process classification and pathway relationships. Further, it opens opportunities to expand the model using elements from other resources, such as generic pathways from Reactome or clinical features contained in the ADO (AD Ontology). A version of the ontology will be made freely available to the community on Bioportal at the time of the confer-ence.
Wave Drag Reduction Approach for Blunt Bodies at High Angles of Attack: Proof-of-Concept Experiments (2008)

Proof-of-concept experiments for a spike aligned into the oncoming flow at the nose of a supersonic blunt body were performed to investigate its aerodynamic eectiveness over a wide range of body's angles of attack (AoA). The investigations have been conducted in the Ludwieg Tube Facility at DLR Gottingen at Mach 2, 3 and 5 for angles of attack from 0 to 30 degrees. The model tested is a cylindrical body with a hemispherical nose. Additionally to the body equipped with an aligned spike, a reference body without a spike and a body with a conventional fixed spike were investigated. Furthermore, a test model with a prototype of a pivoting self-aligning spike-device has also been investigated. The results containing shadowgraph visualizations, direct force measurements and infrared heat flux measurements show the clear advantages of the spikes aligned into the flow.
Structural Basis for the Inactivity of Human Blood Group O2 Glycosyltransferase (2004)

The human ABO(H) blood group antigens are carbohydrate structures generated by glycosyltransferase enzymes. Glycosyltransferase A (GTA) uses UDP-GalNAc as a donor to transfer a monosaccharide residue to Fuc alpha1-2Gal beta-R (H)-terminating acceptors. Similarly, glycosyltransferase B (GTB) catalyzes the transfer of a monosaccharide residue from UDP-Gal to the same acceptors. These are highly homologous enzymes differing in only four of 354 amino acids, Arg/Gly-176, Gly/Ser-235, Leu/Met-266, and Gly/Ala-268. Blood group O usually stems from the expression of truncated inactive forms of GTA or GTB. Recently, an O(2) enzyme was discovered that was a full-length form of GTA with three mutations, P74S, R176G, and G268R. We showed previously that the R176G mutation increased catalytic activity with minor effects on substrate binding. Enzyme kinetics and high resolution structural studies of mutant enzymes based on the O(2) blood group transferase reveal that whereas the P74S mutation in the stem region of the protein does not appear to play a role in enzyme inactivation, the G268R mutation completely blocks the donor GalNAc-binding site leaving the acceptor binding site unaffected.
Epidemic Protection Zones: Centred on Cases or Based on Connectivity? (2012)

When an exotic infectious disease invades a susceptible environment, protection zones are enforced. Historically, such zones have been shaped as circles of equal radius (ER), centred on the location of infected premises. Because the ER policy seems to assume that epidemic dissemination is driven by a similar number of secondary cases generated per primary case, it does not consider whether local features, such as connectivity, influence epidemic dispersal. Here we explored the efficacy of ER protection zones. By generating a geographically explicit scenario that mimicked an actual epidemic, we created protection zones of different geometry, comparing the cost-benefit estimates of ER protection zones to a set of alternatives, which considered a pre-existing connecting network (CN) - the road network. The hypothesis of similar number of cases per ER circle was not substantiated: the number of units at risk per circle differed up to four times among ER circles. Findings also showed that even a small area (of <115 km(2) ) revealed network properties. Because the CN policy required 20% less area to be protected than the ER policy, and the CN-based protection zone included a 23.8% greater density of units at risk/km(2) than the ER-based alternative, findings supported the view that protection zones are likely to be less costly and more effective if they consider connecting structures, such as road, railroad and/or river networks. The analysis of local geographical factors (contacts, vectors and connectivity) may optimize the efficacy of control measures against epidemics.
Reconciliation of different gate-voltage dependencies of 1/f noise in n-MOS and p-MOS transistors (1994)

We have examined the 1/f noise of 3 /spl mu/m/spl times/16 /spl mu/m, n- and p-MOS transistors as a function of frequency (f), gate-voltage (V/sub g/) and temperature (T). Measurements were performed for 3 Hz/spl les/f/spl les/50 kHz, 100 mV/spl les/|V/sub g/-V/sub th/|/spl les/4 V, and 77 K/spl les/T/spl les/300 K, where V/sub th/ is the threshold voltage. Devices were operated in strong inversion in their linear regimes. At room temperature we find that, for n-MOS transistors, S(V/sub d/)/spl prop/V/sub d//sup 2//(V/sub g/-V/sub th/)/sup 2/, and for p-MOS transistors, we generally find that S(V/sub d/)/spl prop/V/sub d//sup 2//(V/sub g/-V/sub th/, consistent with trends reported by others. At lower temperatures, however, the results can be very different. In fact, we find that the temperature dependence of the noise and the gate-voltage dependence of the noise show similar features, consistent with the idea that the noise at a given T and V/sub g/ is determined by the trap density, D/sub t/(E), at trap energies E=E(T,V/sub g/). Both the T- and V/sub g/-dependencies of the noise imply that D/sub t/(E) tends to be constant near the silicon conduction band edge, but increases as E approaches the valence band edge. It is evidently these differences in D/sub t/(E) that lead to differences in the gate-voltage dependence of the noise commonly observed at room temperature for n- and p-MOS transistors.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Balloon catheter occlusion of bronchopleural fistulae (1982)

Balloon catheter occlusion of bronchopleural fistulaeJH Ellis, FW Sequeira, TR Weber, H Eigen and JF FitzgeraldAudio Available | Share
PM-14 * MODELING GBM IN MICE USING THE CRISPR NUCLEASE SYSTEM TO FUNCTIONALLY VALIDATE NOVEL CANDIDATE DRIVER GENES AND TEST NEW THERAPIES (2014)

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common malignant primary brain tumor and has a dismal survival rate of less than 20% in pediatric patients and less than 5% in adults. Identifying and functionally validating driver genes is needed to develop novel therapies to better treat GBM. To this end, we developed a novel method to induce de novo GBM in mice via in vivo gene transfer of the CRISPR nuclease system to functionally validate and/or screen candidate drivers. The CRISPR system is composed of the Cas9 nuclease that uses a RNA guide molecule (gRNA) to identify specific DNA sequences and induce double strand breaks (DSBs). These DSB are repaired by either the error prone process of non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) or perfectly repaired by homologous recombination (HR), allowing the opportunity for gene knockout (KO) or introduction of new sequences into the genome, respectively. To test our system, we utilized information from a pre-validated set of genes shown to induce GBM via in vivo gene transfer of Sleeping Beauty transposons harboring NRASG12V and shTrp53. Thus, Polyethylenimine (PEI) complexed Cas9, Trp53-gRNA, SB100X transposase, and NRASG12V transposon plasmids were injected into the lateral ventricles of neonatal mice and aged for tumor development. Animals injected with Cas9 and Trp53-gRNA or SB100X and NRASG12V alone did not develop tumors whereas all animals receiving both developed rapid onset GBM in 60 ± 16 days. Analysis of the Trp53-gRNA target site from tumors demonstrated clonal frame-shift mutations. These results demonstrate that the CRISPR is highly efficient in vivo to KO gene function. Currently, we are replacing the NRASG12V transposon with the use of HR to incorporate the G12V mutation at the endogenous Nras locus. Future studies will focus on validating candidate GBM driver genes identified from human genomics data and forward genetic screens and attempts to model GBM subgroups.
The stresses induced by an ultrasound contrast agent oscillation on a micro-vessel wall. (2010)

Non-inertial oscillating micro-bubbles inside micro-vessels induce some stresses on the vessel walls. It is important to use the bubbles safely and avoid rupturing the vessels. A 3-D model is made of an oscillating micro-bubble inside blood within a micro-vessel. The bubble’s oscillation is implemented for a confined environment. The resulting micro-streaming makes the flexible vessel wall dilate. The vessel wall deformation is simultaneously coupled back to the fluid to make a more realistic model. The vessel walls were modeled as visco-elastic, elastic, and rigid materials. This model is solved using finite element method. Fluid shear stress and circumferential stress on the vessel wall are investigated when the vessel wall rigidity, bubble size, and vessel size are varied. When the size of the bubble increases or the radius of the vessel decreases, both the fluid shear stress and circumferential stress increase. In an elastic vessel (E= 5 MPa, Pa= 250 kPa, f=1 MHz, rv=5 μm), the circumferential stress can exceed the vascular strength (above 800 kPa) when the bubble’s initial size is 3.5 μm or above. The same trend of increasing the stresses is observed when the vessel wall rigidity increases.
Background subtraction adapted to PTZ cameras by keypoint density estimation (2010)

Constant Guillot1 constant.guillot@cea.fr Maxime Taron1 maxime.taron@cea.fr Patrick Sayd1 patrick.sayd@cea.fr Quoc-Cuong Pham1 quoc-cuong.pham@cea.fr Christophe Tilmant2 christophe.tilmant@lasmea.univ-bpclermont.fr Jean-Marc Lavest2 J-Marc.Lavest@u-clermont1.fr 1 CEA LIST Laboratoire Vision et Ingenierie des Contenus, BP 94, Gif-sur-Yvette, F-91191 France 2 LASMEA UMR 6602, PRES Clermont Universite/CNRS, 63177 Aubiere cedex, France
Two-Dimensional Molybdenum Carbide (MXene) as an Efficient Electrocatalyst for Hydrogen Evolution (2016)

The hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) is an important energy conversion process that underpins many clean energy technologies including water splitting. Herein, we report for the first time the application of two-dimensional (2D) layered transition metal carbides, MXenes, as electrocatalysts for the HER. Our computational screening study of 2D layered M2XTx (M = metal; X = (C, N); and Tx = surface functional groups) predicts Mo2CTx to be an active catalyst candidate for the HER. We synthesized both Mo2CTx and Ti2CTx MXenes, and in agreement with our theoretical predictions, Mo2CTx was found to exhibit far higher HER activity than Ti2CTx. Theory suggests that the basal planes of Mo2CTx are catalytically active toward the HER, unlike in the case of widely studied MoS2, in which only the edge sites of the 2H phase are active. This work paves the way for the development of novel 2D layered materials that can be applied in a multitude of other clean energy reactions for a sustainable energy future.
Solubility Measurements and Correlation of MBQ-167 in Neat and Binary Solvent Mixtures (2020)

MBQ-167 is a novel, small-molecule dual inhibitor of Rac and Cdc42, small GTPases that are involved in cytoskeletal organization, cell cycle progression, and cell migration. In an <i>in vivo</i> mouse model, MBQ-167 has been shown to significantly reduce mammary tumor growth and metastasis and is currently undergoing preclinical studies for the treatment of metastatic cancer. To date, no solubility data have been reported for this compound. For this reason, the present study aims to determine the solubility of this compound in eight neat solvents (acetonitrile, 1-butanol, 2-butanol, ethanol, ethyl acetate, methanol, 1-propanol, and 2-propanol) and two binary solvent mixtures [ethyl acetate (2) + heptane (3) and ethanol (2) + water (3)] between the temperatures of 278.15 and 333.15 K. The results obtained employing the polythermal method show that the solubility of MBQ-167 increases with an increase in temperature in all neat solvents used within this study. Moreover, in the two binary solvent mixtures, the solubility of this compound increases with increasing temperature and decreases with an increasing mass fraction of the antisolvent (heptane or water). The experimental solubility data were correlated using the modified Apelblat and <i>λ</i>h model equations. The predicted solubility data acquired from the Apelblat and <i>λ</i>h model equations correlate well with the experimental solubility data as indicated by the low ARD % (≤1.8304 and ≤6.5366, respectively). No solvent-mediated polymorphic phase transitions were observed while performing the solubility studies, and no other solid forms were detected after the recrystallization in the solvents and solvent mixtures. The solubility data determined here can offer pathways to develop pharmaceutical crystallization processes that can further the translation of MBQ-167 into a clinical setting.
Magnetic, Electronic Structure And Interface Study Of Fe/MgO/Fe Multilayer (2014)

MgO based magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJs) exhibit high tunneling magnetoresistance (TMR) and have potential applications in magnetic random access memories. This study addresses the role of interface in the Fe/MgO/Fe based MTJs. For present investigation, Fe/MgO/Fe multilayer stack on Si substrates is grown by electron beam evaporation method and has been investigated for structural, magnetic and electronic properties. All the layers in the stack were of polycrystalline in nature as evidenced from X-ray diffraction studies, and the magnetic measurements show the attributes perpendicular magnetic anisotropy. Results from near edge X-ray absorption spectra at Fe L-edges measured by total electron yield mode and X-ray reflectometry indicate the formation of FeOx at the Fe/MgO interface. These are associated with hybridization of Fe (3d)-O(2p) levels at Fe/MgO interface in the stack and thickness of layers in the stacks. Absence of magnetic de-coupling between top and bottom ferromagnetic layers has been attributed to interface roughness and oxidation at Fe/MgO interface. This study highlights the role of interface and oxidation that need to be considered for improving the TMR for devices.
ChemInform Abstract: METAL‐CATALYSED OXIDATION OF ACETYLENES AND DIAZO‐KETONES (1974)

Abstract Die M0‐katalysierte Oxidation z.B. des Acetylens (IV) mit tert.‐Butylhydroperoxid liefert neben Benzil (V) die Benzoesäuredenvate (VI) und (VII).