gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Design and analysis of a leader election algorithm for mobile ad hoc networks (2004)

Leader election is a very important problem, not only in wired networks, but in mobile, ad hoc networks as well. Existing solutions to leader election do not handle frequent topology changes and dynamic nature of mobile networks. We present a leader election algorithm that is highly adaptive to arbitrary (possibly concurrent) topological changes and is therefore well-suited for use in mobile ad hoc networks. The algorithm is based on finding an extrema and uses diffusing computations for this purpose. We show, using linear-time temporal logic, that the algorithm is "weakly" self-stabilizing and terminating. We also simulate the algorithm in a mobile ad hoc setting. Through our simulation study, we elaborate on several important issues that can significantly impact performance of such a protocol for mobile ad hoc networks such as choice of signaling, broadcast nature of wireless medium etc. Our simulation study shows that our algorithm is quite effective in that each node has a leader approximately 97-99% of the time in a variety of operating conditions.
A method for intelligently selecting minimum break point set(MBPS) from multi-MBPS with the same cardinal number considering node electric betweenness (2012)

The minimum break point set(MBPS) is the starting point of complex and ring network setting coordination, which always has so many sets that it needs to select a set of best MBPS. This paper considers the actual utilization for load flow to node and nodes' impact on the vulnerability of breakpoint relay protections, then takes node electric betweenness as measuring indicator of relay's vulnerability and proposes a method for selecting optimum MBPS from many sets of MBPS. Compared with the existing method, the indicator is more in line with flowing characteristics of load flow and actual occupancy for load flow to node, and selected MBPS is more appropriate. Finally, the effectiveness and rationality is proved with an example of simulation.
Molecular energy transfer measurements with a pulsed spectrophone (1983)

Taking CO2 and CO2/N2 mixtures as examples, the pulsed spectrophone has been used to investigate vibrational relaxation processes in gases. The electromagnetic excitation of the CO2(001) mode gives rapid cooling of the gas measured as a decrease in pressure followed by heating as the energy supplied by the laser pulse is transferred to translation. The gas then gradually returns to equilibrium due to spontaneous radiation and thermal conduction. By comparing measured pressure waveforms with theoretical simulation, information can be obtained about the energy transfer processes taking place. The vibrational relaxation times compare favorably to those measured using laser induced fluorescence and ultrasonic absorption techniques. The primary advantage of the pulsed spectrophone is its ability to measure multiple relaxation times and determine relaxation mechanisms. [Work partially supported by the Office of Naval Research.]
Developing Evidence‐Based Interventions for Foster Children: An Example of a Randomized Clinical Trial with Infants and Toddlers (2006)

Children who enter foster care have usually experienced maltreatment as well as disruptions in relationships with primary caregivers. These children are at risk for a host of problematic outcomes. However, there are few evidence‐based interventions that target foster children. This article presents preliminary data testing the effectiveness of an intervention, Attachment and Biobehavioral Catch‐up, to target relationship formation in young children in the foster care system. Children were randomly assigned to the experimental intervention that was designed to enhance regulatory capabilities or to a control intervention. In both conditions, the foster parents received in‐home training for 10 weekly sessions. Post‐intervention measures were collected 1 month following the completion of the training. Outcome measures included children's diurnal production of cortisol (a stress hormone), and parent report of children's problem behaviors. Children in the experimental intervention group had lower cortisol values than children in the control intervention. Also, the experimental intervention parents reported fewer behavior problems for older versus younger foster children. Results provide preliminary evidence of the effectiveness of an intervention that targets children's regulatory capabilities and serve as an example of how interventions can effectively target foster children in the child welfare system.
Improvement of luminous efficacy in plasma display panels by a counter-type electrode configuration with a large gap (2006)

The discharge characteristics of plasma display panel with coplanar and counter-type electrode configurations are compared using the numerical modeling and experiment with respect to real and macrocells, respectively. Numerical analysis shows that the ultraviolet (UV) efficiency and driving voltage of counter type at a gap distance of 230μm are located at similar levels to those of coplanar type at a gap distance of 60μm. The UV efficiency for counter type is enhanced with the rise of xenon fraction and gap distance, between which the large gap operation is more advantageous to high UV efficiency. The measured temporal evolution of infrared emission reveals that the cathode layer plays an important role in forming the discharge current after the gas breakdown. It is found from the time-averaged visible and infrared emissions for the counter type that as the gap distance becomes larger, the positive column region increases but the sheath regime remains almost unchanged. On the other hand, the variation of gap distance gives a little influence on the average discharge current at the same applied voltage. The UV efficiency is thus greatly improved with the gap distance. When the gap becomes double, the UV efficiency is improved by 75%, which is well agreed with the results predicted in the numerical modeling.
Local Inflammation Exacerbates the Severity of Staphylococcus aureus Skin Infection (2013)

Staphylococcus aureus is the leading cause of skin infections. In a mouse model of S. aureus skin infection, we found that lesion size did not correlate with bacterial burden. Athymic nude mice had smaller skin lesions that contained lower levels of myeloperoxidase, IL-17A, and CXCL1, compared with wild type mice, although there was no difference in bacterial burden. T cell deficiency did not explain the difference in lesion size, because TCR βδ (-/-) mice did not have smaller lesions, and adoptive transfer of congenic T cells into athymic nude mice prior to infection did not alter lesion size. The differences observed were specific to the skin, because mortality in a pneumonia model was not different between wild type and athymic nude mice. Thus, the clinical severity of S. aureus skin infection is driven by the inflammatory response to the bacteria, rather than bacterial burden, in a T cell independent manner.
Silica—Water Reaction Media: Its Application to the Formation and Ring Opening of Aziridines. (2004)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
A gossip-based membership management algorithm for large-scale peer-to-peer media streaming (2005)

A new adaptive gossip-based membership management algorithm is proposed. Its adaptive nature enables it to confine the control overhead to local ranges, and adapt to the ever-changing network traffic conditions and group membership. The random nature of the algorithm ensures that it can cope with random failures and offer proactive measures to maintain service at a certain level. Mathematical analysis and simulation results indicate that more than 90% of the nodes can work properly even under very high network dynamics (with a short half-life time of 50 seconds), and all these are achieved by using a relatively low overhead.
Personalized product recommendation in e-commerce (2004)

The purpose is to analyze customers' purchasing behaviors based on product features from transaction records and product feature databases. Customers' preferences toward particular features of products are analyzed and then rules of customer interest profiles are thus derived in order to recommend customer products that have potential attraction with customers. The approach of this paper has its strength to be able to recommend to customers brand new products or rarely purchased products as long as they fit customer interest profiles. This research also derives customers' interest profiles that can explain recommendation results. The interests on particular features of products can be referenced for product development.
Identifying inpatient mortality in MarketScan claims data using machine learning (2023)

We successfully developed machine learning algorithms to identify inpatient mortality. This approach can be applied to obscured data to accurately identify inpatient mortality among hospitalizations with missing discharge status.
Evolution of RNA- and DNA-guided antivirus defense systems in prokaryotes and eukaryotes: common ancestry vs convergence (2017)

This article was reviewed by Mikhail Gelfand and Bojan Zagrovic.
Diffuse Reflectance Using Infrared Dispersive Spectrophotometers (1983)

In 1980, Griffiths and Fuller described the use of the diffuse reflectance technique for infrared measurements on a variety of materials. A Fourier transform spectrophotometer was used for their measurements and they coined an acronym which described the technique, diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform, or DRIFT spectra. In keeping with this practice, we have defined an acronym for the use of this technique with dispersive instruments, diffuse reflectance using infrared dispersive spectrophotometers, or DRUIDS.
SQSTM1/p62 mediates crosstalk between autophagy and the UPS in DNA repair (2016)

SQSTM1/p62 (sequestosome 1) selectively targets polyubiquitinated proteins for degradation via macroautophagy and the proteasome. Additionally, SQSTM1 shuttles between the cytoplasmic and nuclear compartments, although its role in the nucleus is relatively unknown. Here, we report that SQSTM1 dynamically associates with DNA damage foci (DDF) and regulates DNA repair. Upon induction of DNA damage SQSTM1 interacts with FLNA (filamin A), which has previously been shown to recruit DNA repair protein RAD51 (RAD51 recombinase) to double-strand breaks and facilitate homologous recombination (HR). SQSTM1 promotes proteasomal degradation of FLNA and RAD51 within the nucleus, resulting in reduced levels of nuclear RAD51 and slower DNA repair. SQSTM1 regulates the ratio between HR and nonhomologous end joining (NHEJ) by promoting the latter at the expense of the former. This SQSTM1-dependent mechanism mediates the effect of macroautophagy on DNA repair. Moreover, nuclear localization of SQSTM1 and its association with DDF increase with aging and are prevented by life-span-extending dietary restriction, suggesting that an imbalance in the mechanism identified here may contribute to aging and age-related diseases.
Gigahertz Clocked Quantum Key Distribution in Passive Optical Networks (2006)

Two multi-user approaches to fiber-based quantum key distribution systems operating at gigahertz clock frequencies are presented, both compatible with standard telecommunications fiber
Glycosylation patterns and PHA-E-associated glycoprotein profiling associated with early hepatic encephalopathy in Chinese hepatocellular carcinoma patients. (2016)

Hepatic encephalopathy (HE) as a severe neuropsychiatric complication is commonly present in the end stage of Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC). However, widely accepted biomarkers for diagnosing early HE are still absent. Here, we screened glycosylation patterns of serum proteins from Chinese HCC patients with or without early HE by lectin microarray. Then, phaseolus vulgaris erythroagglutinin (PHA-E) as a lectin binding with bisecting GlcNAc structure which was significantly decreased in sera from Chinese HCC patients with early HE, was chosen to perform lectin affinity chromatography, following by in-gel digestion, Mass Spectrometry (MS) analysis and bioinformatics analysis. Here we found, 13 lectins showed statistically significant reduction suggesting GalNAc, terminal α-1,3 Man, bisecting GlcNAc, (GlcNAc)n, O-GlcNAc, Neu5Ac, tetra-antennary complex-type N-glycan and GalNAc α/β1-3/6 Gal were decreased in serum glycoproteins from Chinese HCC patients with early HE. Furthermore, a total of 141 PHA-E-associated glycoproteins were identified in MS, of which 12 serum glycoproteins only in Chinese HCC patients without early HE and 26 serum glycoproteins only in Chinese HCC patients with early HE. In addition, bioinformatics analysis revealed the PHA-E-associated serum glycoproteins only in Chinese HCC patients with early HE might be related to early HE occurrence through p38 MAPK signaling pathway and MAPK/ERK signaling pathway. Collectively, this was the first glycomics study of serum proteins in HCC patients with early HE and it could provide a database for discovering and developing serum biomarkers to identify and predict early HE in HCC patients.
THzpulse propagation inrandomcollections ofmetalparticles (2006)

We report onexperimental observations of extraordinary on-axis terahertz transmission through dense collections ofmetallic particles. I. INTRODUCTION Whiletheoptical properties ofabulkmediumaresolely dependent ontheconstituent atoms, theoptical properties ofmesoscopic mediahaving dimensions between the wavelength andatomic scales strongly depend onboththe intrinsic material response andtheextrinsic structure ofthe medium.Manyexamples ofthis arefound innature; for instance, fogappears opaqueandwhite, whereas liquid waterappears transparent andcolourless. Generally, the strong structural dependence oftheoptical properties of materials oncetheir relevant size scales arebetween the atomic andwavelength scales makesthissizeregime interesting fortheexploration ofnovelelectromagnetic phenomenon notcommonly found inbulkmedia. Here, weinvestigate on-axis terahertz (THz) transmission through randomcollections ofsub-wavelength sized metallic particles (1). Despite boththeinherent opacity of themetallic particles atTHzfrequencies andtheabsence ofstraight-line photon trajectories through thesamples, we observe significant, polarized transmission through dense metallic particle collections that areseveral millimeters in thickness. Theextraordinary THztransmission isattributed tothesequential near-field coupling ofdipolar fields associated withoptically excited charge oscillations on individual particles (2,3).
Predictors of primary percutaneous coronary intervention delay in cases of myocardial infarction diagnosed in hospitals without hemodynamic support systems (2025)

FMC-to-reperfusion time in STEMI exceeds recommendations in 58% of the hospitals without hemodynamic support systems and delay is inversely proportional to the availability of an emergency department chest pain unit. One-month and 1-year mortality is proportional to the degree of delay.
A multilayer model for inferring dry deposition using standard meteorological measurements (1998)

In this paper, we describe the latest version of the dry deposition inferential model, which is used to estimate the deposition velocities ( V d ) for SO 2 , O 3 , HNO 3 , and particles with diameters less than 2 μm. The dry deposition networks operated by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) and the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) use this model to estimate dry deposition on a weekly basis. This model uses a multilayer approach, discretizing the vegetated canopy into 20 layers. The use of canopy radiative transfer and simple wind profile models allows for estimates of stomatal ( r s ) and leaf boundary layer ( r b ) resistances to be determined at each layer in the plant canopy for both sunlit and shaded leaves. The effect of temperature, water stress, and vapor pressure deficits on the stomatal resistance ( r s ) have been included. Comparisons of modeled deposition velocities are made with extensive direct measurements performed at three different locations with different crops. The field experiment is discussed in some detail. Overall, modeled O 3 deposition velocities are in good agreement with measured values with the average mean bias for all surfaces of the order of 0.01 cm/s or less. For SO 2 , mean biases range from −0.05 for corn to 0.15 cm/s for soybeans, while for HNO 3 , they range from 0.09 for corn to 0.47 cm/s for pasture.
Polypyrrole-coated electrospun poly(lactic acid) fibrous scaffold: effects of coating on electrical conductivity and neural cell growth (2014)

Neuronal activities play critical roles in both neurogenesis and neural regeneration. In that sense, electrically conductive and biocompatible biomaterial scaffolds can be applied in various applications of neural tissue engineering. In this study, we fabricated a novel biomaterial for neural tissue engineering applications by coating electrospun poly(lactic acid) (PLA) nanofibers with a conducting polymer, polypyrole (PPy), via admicellar polymerization. Optimal conditions for polymerization and preparation of PPy-coated electrospun PLA nanofibers were obtained by comparing results from scanning electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectrometer, and surface conductivity tests. In vitro cell culture experiments showed that PPy-coated electrospun PLA fibrous scaffold is not toxic. The scaffold could support attachment and migration of neural progenitor cells. Neurons derived from progenitor exhibited long neurite outgrowth under electrical stimulation. Our study concluded that PPy-coated electrospun PLA fibers had a good biocompatibility with neural progenitor cells and may serve as a promising material for controlling progenitor cell behaviors and enhancing neural repair.
The Effect of a Rear-Mounted Disc on the Drag of a Blunt-Based Body of Revolution (1965)

Summary Experiments have shown that the drag of a body of revolution with a blunt base can be substantially reduced by mounting behind the body a disc of rather smaller diameter than the body. With a single disc the base drag was reduced by about 35 per cent and with two discs a reduction of 55 per cent was obtained. When the cavity between the body and the best single disc was filled in to form a solid boat-tailed afterbody there was an even greater reduction of drag. A single disc mounted nearer to the body than the position giving low drag gave a large increase of drag with severely unsteady flow. The nature of the flow in both the low-drag and high-drag régimes is discussed.
Cu-Catalyzed Vapor–Liquid–Solid Growth of SiGe Microwire Arrays with Chlorosilane and Chlorogermane Precursors (2015)

Selected area Cu-catalyzed vapor–liquid−solid growth of SiGe microwires is achieved using chlorosilane and chlorogermane precursors. The composition can be tuned up to 12% Ge with a simultaneous decrease in the growth rate from 7 to 1 μm min–1. Significant changes to the morphology were observed, including tapering and faceting on the sidewalls and along the lengths of the wires. Characterization of axial and radial cross sections with transmission electron microscopy revealed no evidence of defects at facet corners and edges, and the tapering is shown to be due to in situ removal of catalyst material during growth. X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy reveal a Ge-rich crystal at the tip of the wires, strongly suggesting that the Ge incorporation is limited by the crystallization rate.
Variables That Affect the Clinical Use and Abuse of Methylphenidate in the Treatment of ADHD (2003)

Reinforcing effects occur when methylphenidate elicits large and fast dopamine increases that mimic those of phasic dopamine cell firing, whereas therapeutic effects occur when methylphenidate elicits slow, steady-state dopamine increases that mimic those of tonic firing. Thus, the characteristics of clinical use (low doses administered orally and titrated for therapeutic effects) constrain methylphenidate's abuse.
Studies on 5–8 Fused Ring Compounds. III. Hydrogenolysis of 4,4-Dimethyltricyclo[6.3.0.01,7]undecane-2,6-dione (1978)

Abstract Hydrogenolysis of 4,4-dimethyltricyclo[6.3.0.01,7]undecane-2,6-dione with a Pd-C catalyst gave cis-4,4-dimethylbicyclo[6.3.0]undecane-2,6-dione and 8,8-dimethylspiro[4.6]undecane-6,10-dione. The cis isomer has been shown to isomerize almost completely to the trans isomer under acidic and basic conditions.
Characteristic of Gelatine, Carrageenan and Sodium Alginate Hydrosols Treated by Direct Electric Current (2016)

The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of using direct electric current (DC) of 400 mA for five minutes on the physiochemical properties of gelatine (2%, 4%, and 8%), carrageenan (1.5%, 2%, and 2.5%) and sodium alginate (0.75%, 1%, and 1.25%) hydrosols with different sodium chloride concentration. The pH, oxidation-reduction potential (ORP), electrical conductivity (EC), available chlorine concentration (ACC) and rheological parameters were measured. Moreover, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) analysis were carried out. The results have shown that pH, ORP, EC and ACC values are changed upon applying DC and the magnitude of change depends on the concentration of the polymer and the addition of sodium chloride. After seven days of storage, the ACC of the samples exposed to DC decreased by 88%⁻96%. The FT-IR spectra demonstrated that the structure of gelatine, carrageenan and sodium alginate are not significantly affected by DC. Furthermore, the use of DC did not affect the flow and gelation temperature of the hydrosols. These results suggest that the use of DC did not cause undesirable changes in hydrosols layer and these innovative materials can be used, e.g., for food preservation.
Absorption measurements of water-vapor concentration, temperature, and line-shape parameters using a tunable InGaAsP diode laser (1993)

A tunable diode laser diagnostic based on spectrally resolved laser absorption has been developed to detect water vapor. The system uses a distributed feedback InGaAsP diode laser, emitting at ~ 1.38 µm. The diode laser is tuned in wavelength by modulation of the current, resulting in 1-cm(-1) tuning at 80-Hz repetition rate. The directly measured absorption spectra yield values for water-vapor concentration and temperature, as well as a collision-broadening line shape. To our knowledge, we accurately determined required data for H(2)O line strengths and self-broadening coefficients for several spectral lines in a static cell filled with pure water vapor. The temperature and concentration of the water vapor present in laboratory room air and in the postflame gases above a methane-air flat flame burner have also been measured. These results agree well with calculated values and independent measurements.
Age at onset as a factor in determining the phenotype of primary torsion dystonia (2004)

Phenotypic variation in PTD presentation is due to the effect of age at onset modulating the expression of a genetic disorder with a caudal-to-rostral change in the site of onset.