gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Induction of Regulatory T Cells by a Murine β-Defensin (2011)

β-Defensins are antimicrobial peptides of the innate immune system produced in the skin by various stimuli, including proinflammatory cytokines, bacterial infection, and exposure to UV radiation (UVR). In this study we demonstrate that the UVR-inducible antimicrobial peptide murine β-defensin-14 (mBD-14) switches CD4(+)CD25(-) T cells into a regulatory phenotype by inducing the expression of specific markers like Foxp3 and CTLA-4. This is functionally relevant because mBD-14-treated T cells inhibit sensitization upon adoptive transfer into naive C57BL/6 mice. Accordingly, injection of mBD-14, comparable to UVR, suppresses the induction of contact hypersensitivity and induces Ag-specific regulatory T cells (Tregs). Further evidence for the ability of mBD-14 to induce Foxp3(+) T cells is provided using DEREG (depletion of Tregs) mice in which Foxp3-expressing cells can be depleted by injecting diphtheria toxin. mBD-14 does not suppress sensitization in IL-10 knockout mice, suggesting involvement of IL-10 in mBD-14-mediated immunosuppression. However, unlike UVR, mBD-14 does not appear to mediate its immunosuppressive effects by affecting dendritic cells. Accordingly, UVR-induced immunosuppression is not abrogated in mBD-14 knockout mice. Together, these data suggest that mBD-14, like UVR, has the capacity to induce Tregs but does not appear to play a major role in UVR-induced immunosuppression. Through this capacity, mBD-14 may protect the host from microbial attacks on the one hand, but tame T cell-driven reactions on the other hand, thereby enabling an antimicrobial defense without collateral damage by the adaptive immune system.
Concise encyclopedia of polymer processing & applications (1992)

Selected Articles. Acrylate adhesives. Adhesion: fundamental principles. Adhesives in medicine. Appliances: applications of engineered plastics. Armor, composite. Automotive composite components: fabrication. Blow molding of thermoplastics. Bond durability. Bottles and other rigid containers. Cellulose: nature and applications. Composites: applications overview. Composites: manufacturing overview. Computer control in polymer processing. Decorative laminates. Degradation and stabilization, thermal. Design with plastics. Die extrusion. Elastomer-metal adhesion processes. Elastomer-thermoplastics adhesion processes. Elastomer-textile adhesion processes. Elastomeric coatings. Elastomeric foams. Elastomeric products from liquid polymers. Electrical properties of elastomers. Electrodeposited polymer coatings. Fabrics: finishing. Fibers: drawing. Flammability of polymers. Glass-reinforced plastics: thermoplastic resins. Health hazards in elastomer processing. Hot-melt adhesives. Injection molding of polymers: computer simulation. Liquid crystal processing. Melt delivery systems: normal stress pumps. Melt spinning: dynamics. Mixing: basic concepts. Mixing: twin-screw extruders. Offshore engineering applications of polymers. Polyethylene processing to produce ultimate properties. Polymer blends. Powdered and particulate elastomer processing. Processing: shear-controlled orientation. Quality requirements in elastomer processing. Radiation processing. Recycling. Rubber processing. Sports equipment manufacture. Synthetic adhesives. Tubular film extrusion: dynamics and heat transfer. Vulcanization. Vulcanization by silanes. Vulcanization, continuous. Welding of plastics. 2000 lit. refs. approx., numerous illus.
Reward-based learning under hardware constraints - Using a RISC processor embedded in a neuromorphic substrate (2013)

In this study, we propose and analyze in simulations a new, highly flexible method of implementing synaptic plasticity in a wafer-scale, accelerated neuromorphic hardware system. The study focuses on globally modulated STDP, as a special use-case of this method. Flexibility is achieved by embedding a general-purpose processor dedicated to plasticity into the wafer. To evaluate the suitability of the proposed system, we use a reward modulated STDP rule in a spike train learning task. A single layer of neurons is trained to fire at specific points in time with only the reward as feedback. This model is simulated to measure its performance, i.e. the increase in received reward after learning. Using this performance as baseline, we then simulate the model with various constraints imposed by the proposed implementation and compare the performance. The simulated constraints include discretized synaptic weights, a restricted interface between analog synapses and embedded processor, and mismatch of analog circuits. We find that probabilistic updates can increase the performance of low-resolution weights, a simple interface between analog synapses and processor is sufficient for learning, and performance is insensitive to mismatch. Further, we consider communication latency between wafer and the conventional control computer system that is simulating the environment. This latency increases the delay, with which the reward is sent to the embedded processor. Because of the time continuous operation of the analog synapses, delay can cause a deviation of the updates as compared to the not delayed situation. We find that for highly accelerated systems latency has to be kept to a minimum. This study demonstrates the suitability of the proposed implementation to emulate the selected reward modulated STDP learning rule.
Development of ‘Ellis’ Soybean with High Soymeal Protein, Resistance to Stem Canker, Southern Root Knot Nematode, and Frogeye Leaf Spot (2017)

‘Ellis’ soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merr.] cultivar (Reg. No. CV‐523, PI 680630) was developed by the University of Tennessee Agricultural Experiment Station and was released as a late maturity group (MG) IV high‐yielding conventional (non‐genetically modified) cultivar in 2013. Ellis is an F 5 –derived single plant selection from the cross between two high‐yielding University of Tennessee cultivars, ‘5601T’ and ‘5002T’. In extensive field trials, Ellis has shown excellent adaptation and performance in Tennessee, the Mid‐South region, and the Southeast region of the United States. Ellis exhibits a relative maturity of 4.9, determinate growth habit, white flowers, gray pubescence, and tan pod wall. It is resistant to stem canker and southern root knot nematode and shows field tolerance to frogeye leaf spot. The protein and oil concentrations of Ellis seed enable it to produce high protein meal (&gt;48% protein in the meal fraction). Ellis's excellent seed yield coupled with its ability to produce high protein meal gives this new cultivar high estimated processor values. It will be useful as a parent to soybean breeders, valuable as a new high‐yielding cultivar to producers, and profitable to processors.
Complex admittance measurements of polymer light-emitting electrochemical cells: Ionic and electronic contributions (1998)

Measurements of the frequency dependence of the complex admittance are used to separate the ionic and electronic contributions in polymer light-emitting electrochemical cells (LECs). At zero bias, a large polarizability, attributed to salt molecules in the electrolyte, is observed at low frequencies. Ions are generated when the LEC is biased at voltages above the threshold for electrochemical redox doping. Because of the slow ionic response, a novel pulsed drive scheme is proposed: the mean value stabilizes the induced p-i-n junction, while the peak value controls the carrier injection and the brightness of the electroluminescent emission. LECs operated in this way exhibit fast emissive response and improved operating life.
Initialization, noise, singularities, and scale in height ridge traversal for tubular object centerline extraction (2002)

The extraction of the centerlines of tubular objects in two and three-dimensional images is a part of many clinical image analysis tasks. One common approach to tubular object centerline extraction is based on intensity ridge traversal. In this paper, we evaluate the effects of initialization, noise, and singularities on intensity ridge traversal and present multiscale heuristics and optimal-scale measures that minimize these effects. Monte Carlo experiments using simulated and clinical data are used to quantify how these "dynamic-scale" enhancements address clinical needs regarding speed, accuracy, and automation. In particular, we show that dynamic-scale ridge traversal is insensitive to its initial parameter settings, operates with little additional computational overhead, tracks centerlines with subvoxel accuracy, passes branch points, and handles significant image noise. We also illustrate the capabilities of the method for medical applications involving a variety of tubular structures in clinical data from different organs, patients, and imaging modalities.
ChemInform Abstract: PRENYLTRANSFERASE. NEW EVIDENCE FOR AN IONIZATION‐CONDENSATION‐ELIMINATION MECHANISM WITH 2‐FLUOROGERANYL PYROPHOSPHATE (1977)

Abstract Es wird die Bildung von Fluorfarnesylpyrophosphat aus Fluorgeranylpyrophosphat (I) und [′4C]‐Isopentenylpyrophosphat in Gegenwart von Farnesylpyrophosphat‐Synthetase aus Schweineleber untersucht.
A hybrid WSN system for environment monitoring at poultry buildings (2013)

The environmental quality inside a livestock building is very important for the welfare of the animals and stockmen. Environmental quality is normally assessed by measuring air temperature, relative humidity, and airborne dust concentration. With the advance of wireless communications technologies, it is possible to automatically monitor and control the environmental variables continuously inside a livestock building with low cost and without much human intervention. This paper introduces a system which uses hybrid fixed and mobile wireless sensor network (WSN) technologies to achieve such outcomes. This system consists of a number of fixed sensors to measure the environmental variables, a wireless network gateway and a small mobile vehicle/robot. The fixed sensors are used not only for collecting the environmental data but also positioning the mobile vehicle. The system was implemented and some experiments were carried out at labs at the University of Southern Queensland. Comparing with other methods, the results show that the system can automatically collect accurate environmental data periodically with flexibility and reliability.
Introduction to Peptide Synthesis (2012)

Abstract A number of synthetic peptides are significant commercial or pharmaceutical products, ranging from the dipeptide sugar substitute aspartame to clinically used hormones such as oxytocin, adrenocorticotropic hormone, and calcitonin. This unit provides an overview of the field of synthetic peptides and proteins. It discusses selecting the solid support and common coupling reagents. Additional information is provided regarding common side reactions and synthesizing modified residues. Curr. Protoc. Protein Sci . 69:18.1.1‐18.1.13. © 2012 by John Wiley &amp; Sons, Inc.
Attenuation and speed of ultrasound in lung: Dependence upon frequency and inflation (1986)

The dependence of the speed of sound and the attenuation coefficient upon exposure frequency, in the range of 1-5 MHz, and upon level of inflation, in the range of mass density 0.35-0.7 g/cm3, are reported. The speed of sound decreases linearly and the attenuation coefficient increases exponentially, for all levels of inflation studied.
Educational Outcomes of Postsecondary Occupational Students (2004)

This Brief discusses a research study that was conducted to determine the rates of degree completion of community college occupational students compared with other types of postsecondary students, and to identify factors that might explain those differences. Much of the existing literature on college persistence and completion is focused on baccalaureate students and pays little attention to students in community colleges, and even fewer studies consider differences by students’ program of study. Therefore, it is important to investigate whether students in occupational programs in community colleges persist in postsecondary education and attain degrees at similar rates as their academic and baccalaureate peers.
Effort valuation and psychopathology in children and adults (2019)

Abstract Background The Research Domain Criteria initiative was launched by the US National Institute of Mental Health to establish a multi-level framework for understanding psychological constructs relevant to human psychiatric disorders, and identified ‘effort valuation/willingness to work’ as a clinically useful construct worthy of further study. This construct encompasses the processes by which the cost(s) of obtaining an outcome are calculated, and the tendency to overcome response costs to obtain a reinforcer. The current study aims to examine effort valuation as a correlate of psychopathology in children and adults, and the moderating effects of sex on this relationship. Methods Participants were 1215 children aged 6–12 and their parents ( n = 1044). All participants completed the Effort Expenditure for Rewards Task as a measure of effort expenditure. Child psychopathology was measured via the Child Behavior Checklist, while adult psychopathology was measured via the Adult Self Report. Additionally, the Social Adjustment Inventory for Children and Adolescents and Injury Behavior Checklist were used to examine child social impairments/problem behaviors. Results In children, significant interactions between reward sensitivity and sex were observed in association with anxiety and thought problems, specifically at low reward sensitivity levels. In adults, main effects of effort expenditure were seen in drug and alcohol abuse, where higher effort was associated with higher degrees of abuse. Conclusions These results establish effort valuation as a relevant psychological construct for understanding psychopathology, but with different profiles of associated psychopathology across sex in children and adults.
Narration and Experience: Looking at an Education based on “Poor” Pedagogy – an Analysis based on a Learning-to-Write Situation (2014)

With an approach that designates the classroom as its central reference point and a concrete classroom situation as its starting point, this paper attempts to reflect a perspective that may suggest a teaching practice that leads to poor pedagogy. To achieve this, this paper will work on inverting the logic we frequently employ when thinking about education and school. From this perspective, some axes become central: (1) to produce a view about the idea of knowledge and learning, (2) an awareness of a certain notion of “to teach” and finally (3) starting from a focus on the type of childhood that creates a necessity of “infantilizing” pedagogy, or in other words, we must aim towards a “poor” pedagogy. I will address this through a study carried out with children in the initial stages of their education and literacy learning.
Enantiomer Separation and Molecular Recognition with New Chiral Stationary Phases on 4‐Chloro‐3,5‐dinitrobenzoic Acid Amides of α,β‐Aminoalcohols and α‐Arylethylamines (2003)

Abstract Amides of 4‐chloro‐3,5‐dinitrobenzoic acid (1) (CDNB) with enantiomerically pure α,β‐aminoalcohols (2–5) and α‐substituted ethylamines,6–9 Welch, C. J. 1994. “Design, synthesis and evaluation of a brush‐type chiral stationary phase with broad generality”. In Book of Abstract, Chiral '94 33–37. USA Pirkle, W. H. and Liu, Y. 1996. On the relevance of face‐to‐edge‐ π‐π interactions to chiral recognition. J. Chromatogr. A, 749: 19–24. Kontrec, D., Vinkovic, V. and Šunjic, V. 2000. Preparation and evaluation of chiral stationary phases based on N,N‐2,4‐(or 4,6)‐disubstituted 4,5‐(or 2,5)‐dichloro‐1,3‐dicyanobenzene. Chirality, 12: 63–70. Kontrec, D., Vinkovic, V., Lesac, A., Šunjic, V. and Aced, A. 2000. Novel chiral stationary phases comprising 2,4‐(or 2,6)‐diamino‐5,6‐(or 2,5)‐dichlorobenzene‐1,3‐dicarbonitrile and 1‐acyl (1R,2R)‐diaminocyclohexane. Enantiomer, 5: 333–344. have been prepared as chiral selectors 10–17 and bound to aminopropyl silica gel affording chiral stationary phases CSPs 1–8. Comparative tests of their separation efficacy for 32 racemic analytes, representative of racemates with selected functionalities, has revealed important contribution of the π‐acidic branching unit, the amide of 3,5‐dinitro‐4‐alkylaminobenzoic acid, but limited contribution of both, hydrophilic hydroxy groups in the CSPs 1–4 and π‐basic aromatic units in the CSPs 6–8. Contribution to enantioselection efficacy of the γ‐aminopropyl groups on the silica surface, in the vicinity to the chiral selector, is documented comparing the efficacy of CSP 8 and CSP 8′.
Protection against Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis Virus Infection Induced by a Reduced Peptide Bond Analogue of the H-2Db-restricted CD8+ T Cell Epitope GP33 (1999)

Recent investigations have suggested that pseudopeptides containing modified peptide bonds might advantageously replace natural peptides in therapeutic strategies. We have generated eight reduced peptide bond Psi(CH2-NH) analogues corresponding to the H-2Db-restricted CD8(+) T cell epitope (called GP33) of the glycoprotein of the lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus. One of these pseudopeptides, containing a reduced peptide bond between residues 6 and 7 (Psi(6-7)), displayed very similar properties of binding to major histocompatibility complex (MHC) and recognition by T cell receptor transgenic T cells specific for GP33 when compared with the parent peptide. We assessed in vitro and in vivo the proteolytic resistance of GP33 and Psi(6-7) and analyzed its contribution to the priming properties of these peptides. The Psi(6-7) analogue exhibited a dramatically increased proteolytic resistance when compared with GP33, and we show for the first time that MHC-peptide complexes formed in vivo with a pseudopeptide display a sustained half-life compared with the complexes formed with the natural peptide. Furthermore, in contrast to immunizations with GP33, three injections of Psi(6-7) in saline induced significant antiviral protection in mice. The enhanced ability of Psi(6-7) to induce antiviral protection may result from the higher stability of the analogue and/or of the MHC-analogue complexes.
ChemInform Abstract: The Preparation of N‐Alkyl‐2(1H)‐pyridones by the Reaction of Amines with a Derivative of 3‐(2‐Pyridyl)propane‐1,2‐diol. (1993)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Regulation of Plasma Membrane β-Glucan Synthase from Red Beet Root by Phospholipids (1986)

Extraction of red beet root plasma membranes with the detergent Triton X-100 at a level of 2.0% (weight/volume) resulted in the depletion of over 90% of total membrane phospholipid and the reduction of glucan synthase activity by 80 to 90%. Reconstitution of the delipidated Triton X-100, 100,000g fraction in the presence of phospholipids restored glucan synthase activity. The most effective phospholipid was phosphatidyl-ethanolamine, which restored 110 to 144% of the original activity at 0.5% (weight/volume). Glucan synthase in the phospholipid-reactivated Triton X-100-treated fraction was enriched 9-fold in specific activity relative to microsomal membranes but was unstable in digitonin. These results support the hypothesis that glucan synthase activity is regulated by its phospholipid environment.
Synthesis of Long-chain Polythiophene inside Carbon Nanotubes (2018)

We developed the synthesis of one-dimensional polythiophenes inside single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs). Direct vapor-phase reaction with dibromobithiophenes provided long-conjugated polythiophen...
MiFID: Eine systematische Analyse der Zielerreichung (2014)

Der vorliegende Artikel analysiert systematisch die Erreichung der MiFID-Ziele anhand der wissenschaftlichen Literatur. Ziel der MiFID ist es, die Rahmenbedingungen für einen effizienten und kostengünstigen Wertpapierhandel zu schaffen. Erreicht werden soll dies durch die Verschärfung des Wettbewerbs, die Integration der Märkte, die Offenlegung von Handelsintentionen und -geschäften sowie die Stärkung der rechtlichen Position der Investoren. Im Ergebnis zeigt sich, dass die Förderung des Wettbewerbes als erfolgreich bewertet wird, aber die regulatorischen Möglichkeiten der Marktintegration nicht ausgeschöpft werden. Ferner wird die Forderung nach einheitlichen Transparenzbestimmungen für alle Ordermechanismen nur teilweise umgesetzt. Der Anleger erfährt letztlich gegenüber Finanzintermediären durch die MiFID keinen höheren Schutz.
2.5‐D fluid simulations of the solar wind interacting with multiple dipoles on the surface of the Moon (2003)

Initial two‐dimensional (2‐D) MHD simulations indicated that mini‐magnetospheres can form around magnetic anomalies on the surface of the Moon but required magnetic field strengths at 100 km above the surface an order of magnitude larger than in situ measurements. Modeling the lunar magnetic anomalies with multiple dipoles in 2.5‐D MPD simulations inflates the size of the mini‐magnetospheres for only small increases in the magnitude of the total magnetic field. Multiple dipoles increase the lateral distance over which solar wind plasma is held off the surface. This extended magnetic field geometry inflates the mini‐magnetosphere by inhibiting fluid flow within the shock region. With multiple dipoles, a mini‐magnetosphere will form with magnetic field magnitudes smaller than the lower limit for a single dipole. These results indicate that the higher order moments of the anomalous magnetic fields play a significant role in deflecting the solar wind and determining the size and shape of the mini‐magnetosphere.
Oxford (1987)

When he came to Oxford he had for Tutor Mr Jorden,1 a fellow of Pembroke, a very worthy man but a heavy man & he did not profit much by his instruction. Indeed he did not attend him much. The first day after he came to college, he attended him and then stayed away four. On the sixth Mr Jorden asked him why he had not attended. Said Mr Johnson, 'I have been sliding upon the ice in Christ Church meadow', and this I said with all the nonchalance as I am now talking to you (Oxford, 20 March 1776). I had no notion that I was wrong or irreverent to my Tutor. Why said I that was great fortitude of mind. — No, Sir, stark insensibility.