gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Genetic variation in the zebrafish (2006)

Although zebrafish was introduced as a laboratory model organism several decades ago and now serves as a primary model for developmental biology, there is only limited data on its genetic variation. An establishment of a dense polymorphism map becomes a requirement for effective linkage analysis and cloning approaches in zebrafish. By comparing ESTs to whole-genome shotgun data, we predicted >50,000 high-quality candidate SNPs covering the zebrafish genome with average resolution of 41 kbp. We experimentally validated approximately 65% of a randomly sampled subset by genotyping 16 samples from seven commonly used zebrafish strains. The analysis reveals very high nucleotide diversity between zebrafish isolates. Even with the limited number of samples that we genotyped, zebrafish isolates revealed considerable interstrain variation, ranging from 7% (inbred) to 37% (wild-derived) of polymorphic sites being heterozygous. The increased proportion of polymorphic over monomorphic sites results in five times more frequent observation of a three allelic variant compared with human or mouse. Phylogenetic analysis shows that comparisons between even the least divergent strains used in our analysis may provide one informative marker approximately every 500 nucleotides. Furthermore, the number of haplotypes per locus is relatively large, reflecting independent establishment of the different lines from wild isolates. Finally, our results suggest the presence of prominent C-to-U and A-to-I RNA editing events in zebrafish. Overall, the levels and organization of genetic variation between and within commonly used zebrafish strains are markedly different from other laboratory model organisms, which may affect experimental design and interpretation.
Risk Stratification-based Surveillance of Bacterial Contamination in Metropolitan Ambulances (2010)

We aimed to know the risk-stratification-based prevalence of bacterial contamination of ambulance vehicle surfaces, equipment, and materials. This study was performed in a metropolitan area with fire-based single-tiered Basic Life Support ambulances. Total 13 out of 117 ambulances (11.1%) were sampled and 33 sites per each ambulance were sampled using a soft rayon swab and aseptic containers. These samples were then plated onto a screening media of blood agar and MacConkey agar. Specific identification with antibiotic susceptibility was performed. We categorized sampling sites into risk stratification-based groups (Critical, Semi-critical, and Non-critical equipment) related to the likelihood of direct contact with patients' mucosa. Total 214 of 429 samples showed positive results (49.9%) for any bacteria. Four of these were pathogenic (0.9%) (MRSA, MRCoNS, and K. pneumoniae), and 210 of these were environmental flora (49.0%). However, the prevalence (positive/number of sample) of bacterial contamination in critical, semi-critical airway, semi-critical breathing apparatus group was as high as 15.4% (4/26), 30.7% (16/52), and 46.2% (48/104), respectively. Despite current formal guidelines, critical and semi-critical equipments were contaminated with pathogens and normal flora. This study suggests the need for strict infection control and prevention for ambulance services.
Crystal Structures of 1-Aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) Synthase in Complex with Aminoethoxyvinylglycine and Pyridoxal-5′-Phosphate Provide New Insight into Catalytic Mechanisms (2001)

The structures of tomato 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase (ACS) in complex with either cofactor pyridoxal-5'-phosphate (PLP) or both PLP and inhibitor aminoethoxyvinylglycine have been determined by x-ray crystallography. The structures showed good conservation of the catalytic residues, suggesting a similar catalytic mechanism for ACS and other PLP-dependent enzymes. However, the proximity of Tyr152 to the C-gamma-S bond of model substrate S-adenosylmethionine implies its critical role in the catalysis. The concerted accomplishment of catalysis by cofactor PLP and a protein residue, as proposed on the basis of the ACS structures in this paper, may represent a general scheme for the diversity of PLP-dependent catalyses. PLP-dependent enzymes have been categorized into four types of folds. A structural comparison revealed that a core fragment of ACS in fold type I is superimposable over tryptophan synthase beta subunit in fold type II and mouse ornithine decarboxylase in fold type III, thus suggesting a divergent evolution of PLP-dependent enzymes.
Reliable scheduling of a distributed real-time embedded application considering common cause failures (2007)

Many distributed real-time embedded systems often perform critical functions, which implicitly require high reliability. Consequently, the application designer for a distributed real-time embedded system is confronted with a challenge of deriving a reliable schedule for a real-time application in the presence of individual component and common cause failures of the system. This paper proposes a formal framework for reliable scheduling of a real-time application over a distributed realtime embedded system considering both failures. The framework derives an optimal reliable schedule for the real-time application, while not violating the constraints of the application and the system resources.
Ex vivoevaluation of new 2D and 3D dental radiographic technology for detecting caries (2015)

The Schick 33 images demonstrated reduced caries sensitivity, whereas the Planmeca panoramic bitewing images demonstrated reduced specificity. XG3D with artefact reduction demonstrated elevated sensitivity and specificity for caries detection, improved depth accuracy and substantially improved cavitation detection. Care must be taken to recognize potential false-positive caries lesions with Planmeca panoramic bitewing images. Use of CBCT for caries detection must be carefully balanced with the presence of metal artefacts, time commitment, financial cost and radiation dose.
Managing Microsoft Office with Group Policy (2016)

One of the most versatile applications of Group Policy is to manage Microsoft Office, which you will explore in detail in this chapter. There are more than 2,000 Group Policy Settings (including both User and Machine configurations) for Office applications.
23Na MR Imaging at 7 T after Knee Matrix–associated Autologous Chondrocyte Transplantation Preliminary Results (2010)

With the modified 3D GRE sequence at 7 T, a sufficiently high SNR in sodium images was achieved, allowing for differentiation of repaired tissue from native cartilage after MACT. A strong correlation was found between sodium imaging and dGEMRIC in patients after MACT.
Maternal Nicotinamide Riboside Enhances Postpartum Weight Loss, Juvenile Offspring Development, and Neurogenesis of Adult Offspring (2019)

Conditions of metabolic stress dysregulate the NAD metabolome. By restoring NAD, nicotinamide riboside (NR) provides resistance to such conditions. We tested the hypotheses that postpartum might dysregulate maternal NAD and that increasing systemic NAD with NR might benefit mothers and offspring. In postpartum mothers, the liver NAD metabolome is depressed while blood increases circulation of NAD metabolites to enable a >20-fold increase in mammary NAD<sup>+</sup> and NADP<sup>+</sup>. Lactation and NR synergize in stimulating prolactin synthesis and mammary biosynthetic programs. NR supplementation of new mothers increases lactation and nursing behaviors and stimulates maternal transmission of macronutrients, micronutrients, and BDNF into milk. Pups of NR-supplemented mothers are advantaged in glycemic control, size at weaning, and synaptic pruning. Adult offspring of mothers supplemented during nursing retain advantages in physical performance, anti-anxiety, spatial memory, delayed onset of behavioral immobility, and promotion of adult hippocampal neurogenesis. Thus, postgestational maternal micronutrition confers lasting advantages to offspring.
Eczema, ichthyosis, psoriasis: conditions of cornification. (1995)

Conditions of cornification, such as eczema, ichthyosis and psoriasis, are a complex group of genetic, dry, scaly skin diseases. Without appropriate care, individuals with these conditions face a life of limited productivity and social interaction because of their disabilities and disfigurements. Consistent, meticulous interventions are needed to address the potential for infection, dehydration/malnutrition, ineffective thermoregulation, impaired physical mobility, potential for comfort, alteration in parenting, and psychosocial concerns of these patients. The objective of this article is to acquaint healthcare professionals with the unique challenges faced by these patients and their families so that quality of life and patient outcomes can be improved.
High Resolution Electronic Still Camera with Two Mos Imagers (1985)

The electronic still camera is a new concept in cameras, which uses solid state imagers to convert the light from the object into picture information in the form of electrical signals which then stored on a video floppy inside the camera.
The intermediate sector, unemployment, and the employment - output conflict : a multi-sector model (1978)

This paper analyzes urban intermediate sector expansion as a policy alternative for labor absorption. Introduction of an intermediate sector into the Harris-Todaro framework demonstrates that the migration and unemployment responses to job creation implied by their model can be avoided. Output as well as employment effects of expanding the modern and intermediate sectors are analyzed to show that both the output-employment trade-off and the Todaro paradox stem from dual economy assumptions. The intermediate sector is distinguished from underemployment in the informal sector, and the model is extended to include both types of activities in rural as well as urban areas. Other extensions of the Harris-Todaro model are incorporated, and policy implications are discussed.
Temporal lobe interictal spikes disrupt encoding and retrieval of verbal memory: A subregion analysis (2022)

Abstract Objective The medial temporal lobe (MTL) encodes and recalls memories and can be a predominant site for interictal spikes (IS) in patients with focal epilepsy. It is unclear whether memory deficits are due to IS in the MTL producing a transient decline. Here, we investigated whether IS in the MTL subregions and lateral temporal cortex impact episodic memory encoding and recall. Methods Seventy‐eight participants undergoing presurgical evaluation for medically refractory focal epilepsy with depth electrodes placed in the temporal lobe participated in a verbal free recall task. IS were manually annotated during the pre‐encoding, encoding, and recall epochs. We examined the effect of IS on word recall using mixed‐effects logistic regression. Results IS in the left hippocampus (odds ratio [OR] = .73, 95% confidence interval [CI] = .63–.84, p &lt; .001) and left middle temporal gyrus (OR = .46, 95% CI = .27–.78, p &lt; .05) during word encoding decreased subsequent recall performance. Within the left hippocampus, this effect was specific for area CA1 (OR = .76, 95% CI = .66–.88, p &lt; .01) and dentate gyrus (OR = .74, 95% CI = .62–.89, p &lt; .05). IS in other MTL subregions or inferior and superior temporal gyrus and IS occurring during the prestimulus window did not affect word encoding ( p &gt; .05). IS during retrieval in right hippocampal (OR = .22, 95% CI = .08–.63, p = .01) and parahippocampal regions (OR = .24, 95% CI = .07–.8, p &lt; .05) reduced the probability of recalling a word. Significance IS in medial and lateral temporal cortex contribute to transient memory decline during verbal episodic memory.
Electrospinning of Niobium-Tungsten Oxide Nanofibres (2020)

Recently, there is a growing interest in niobium-tungsten oxide nanowires. This material had been reported to possess unique features such as open cavities for storing lithium ions, significant structural stability, and high power density. These deemed this material a very promising electrode candidate for lithium-ion batteries. Over the last few decades, electrospinning has become the most widely used technique for fabricating nanowires due to its low cost, simplicity, high yield, tunable porosity, high surface-tovolume ratio, control over various process parameters, and ability to control the composition of the nanofibers. More interestingly, it is possible to carry out heat treatments on the electrospun nanofibers in order to remove the associated polymer and convert them to nanowires. Also, heat treatments are necessary to improve the surface structure and crystallinity of materials for the Li-ion battery' electrodes. Heat treatments also lead to the creation of longer mean paths for the free electrons which had been reported to enhance electrical conductivity of materials. Previous investigations carried out on niobium-tungsten nanowires show that the material can be annealed at either 930 C or 1000 C. However, the effect of annealing temperature on the diameter and crystallite size of niobium-tungsten oxide nanowires has not yet been established. Hence, this current study focuses on the fabrication and thermal study of niobium-tungsten oxide nanowires annealed at different temperatures (850 C, 900 C, 950 C, 1000 C, and 1050 C) for 8 hours. The structure and morphology of the samples were investigated using X-ray diffraction XRD), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and Energy Dispersive Spectrometer (EDS). All the diffraction peaks obtained from the XRD can be well indexed to the tetragonal structure phase without traces of extra phases. The results obtained from EDS analysis confirm that the nanowires are composed of tungsten, niobium, and oxygen only. Furthermore, the crystallite size generally increases progressively with increasing annealing temperature; the nanowires annealed at 850 C, 900 C, 950 C, 1000 C, and 1050 C exhibited the crystallite size of 64.94, 67.41, 70.10, 75.15, and 75.06 nm, respectively. The SEM results also reveal that the average diameter of the nanowires decreases with increasing annealing temperature. In addition, the SEM images show that the nanowires appear to be formed by interconnected particles or crystals. According to the very recent literature, the niobium-tungsten nanowires have potential applications in Li-ion batteries, photocatalyst, and gas sensing devices.
Maternal–fetal stress and DNA methylation signatures in neonatal saliva: an epigenome-wide association study (2022)

Genes annotated to these CpGs were found to be involved in secretion and transportation, nuclear signaling, Hippo signaling pathways, apoptosis, intracellular trafficking and neuronal signaling. Moreover, some CpGs are annotated to genes related to autism, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and schizophrenia. However, our results should be viewed as hypothesis generating until replicated in a larger sample. Early assessment of such noninvasive PS biomarkers will allow timelier detection of babies at risk and a more effective allocation of resources for early intervention programs to improve child development. A biomarker-guided early intervention strategy is the first step in the prevention of future health problems, reducing their personal and societal impact.
Environmental and Endogenous Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor γ Agonists Induce Bone Marrow B Cell Growth Arrest and Apoptosis: Interactions between Mono(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate, 9-cis-Retinoic Acid, and 15-Deoxy-Δ12,14-prostaglandin J2 (2004)

The common commercial use of phthalate esters has resulted in significant human exposure to these bioactive compounds. The facts that phthalate ester metabolites, like endogenous PGs, are peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) agonists, and that PPARgamma agonists induce lymphocyte apoptosis suggest that phthalate esters are immunosuppressants that could act together with PGs to modulate early B cell development. In this study we examined the effects of a metabolite of one environmental phthalate, mono(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (MEHP), and 15-deoxy-Delta(12,14)-PGJ(2) (15d-PGJ(2)), on developing B cells. MEHP inhibited [(3)H]thymidine incorporation by primary murine bone marrow B cells and a nontransformed murine pro/pre-B cell line (BU-11). Cotreatment with a retinoid X receptor alpha ligand, 9-cis-retinoic acid, decreased [(3)H]thymidine incorporation synergistically, thereby implicating activation of a PPARgamma-retinoid X receptor alpha complex. These results were similar to those obtained with the natural PPARgamma ligand 15d-PGJ(2). At moderate MEHP concentrations (25 or 100 microM for primary pro-B cells and a pro/pre-B cell line, respectively), inhibition of [(3)H]thymidine incorporation resulted primarily from apoptosis induction, whereas at lower concentrations, the inhibition probably reflected growth arrest without apoptosis. Cotreatment of bone marrow B cells with 15d-PGJ(2) and MEHP significantly enhanced the inhibition of [(3)H]thymidine incorporation seen with MEHP alone, potentially mimicking exposure in the bone marrow microenvironment where PG concentrations are high. Finally, MEHP- and 15d-PGJ(2)-induced death does not result from a decrease in NF-kappaB activation. These data demonstrate that environmental phthalates can cooperate with an endogenous ligand, 15d-PGJ(2), to inhibit proliferation of and induce apoptosis in developing bone marrow B cells, potentially via PPARgamma activation.
Fuzzy Navigation Of A Mobile Robot (2005)

A navigation system based on fuzzy logic controllers is developed for a mobile robot in an unknown environment. The structure of this fuzzy navigation system features the com- bination of sensor system, fuzzy controllers for motion planning and the motion control system for real-time execution. Six ultrasonic sensors on-board the mobile robot are used for distance measurement to the immediate obstacles. Sensor data are fuzzified to be the inputs of the fuzzy controller. Three states, each with five quantized levels are used to define the fuzzy set. Two fuzzy controllers are designed to handle the naviga- tion problem. Each fuzzy controller, which cor- responds to the turn right or turn left condition, has four inputs, two outputs and 81 rules. The outputs are the command velocities to the left and right wheels, which drive the mobile robot. These command velocities are sent to the lower level motion control system. The performance of this navigation system is tested by computer sim- ulation. Satisfactory results have been obtained and are presented in this paper.
Absorptive Low-Pass Cables: State of the Art and an Outlook to the Future (1986)

A new concept, "limited bandwidth of electrical interconnections," is presented and compared with the current "all-pass power and communications networks." Low-pass performance, with an adjusted cutoff frequency and cutoff slope, can be achieved in a new cost-effective way (compared to classical filters) through the introduction of electrical and magnetic losses in electrical lines and cables, and can be further enhanced by " interfacial resonance" effects and by a "simulated skin-effect coupled line." Typical design criteria, performance, and applications are presented, along with their industrial and economic significance for the EMC-system design of the future.
Utilizing Massive 3DVSP Data for Improved Structural Definition of Jurassic Reservoirs in Raudhatain and Sabiriyah Fields, Kuwait (2010)

The Raudhatain and Sabiriyah fields are situated in north Kuwait. In the Raudhatain Field, the Jurassic&lt;br&gt;reservoirs, Najmah-Sargelu and Marrat ,have two distinct northern and southern culminations,&lt;br&gt;separated by an intervening fault boundary; while in the Sabiriyah field the reservoirs are divided into&lt;br&gt;up thrown and down thrown sides along a NNE-SSW fault. In both the fields, the faults and associated&lt;br&gt;fracture networks have a significant impact on production.&lt;br&gt;In 2009, Kuwait Oil Company (KOC) acquired two massive 3DVSP survey in the Raudhatain and&lt;br&gt;Sabiriyah fields. The primary objective of the surveys were to improve the structural definition of the&lt;br&gt;Jurassic reservoirs, especially the Marrat reservoir and also to test the feasibility of characterizing the&lt;br&gt;fractured reservoirs using anisotropy information. The surveys consisted of 100-level multi-component&lt;br&gt;tool, combined with around 10,000 source points covering an area of around 64 square kilometers.&lt;br&gt;This is probably one of the largest onshore surveys in the region.&lt;br&gt;The high resolution and better signal to noise ratio in the VSP data, is expected to provide improved&lt;br&gt;structural definition in the vicinity of the well. This information will be utilized in locating future&lt;br&gt;appraisal wells. In order to reduce the survey time, a test was also conducted on four 2D lines of 6km&lt;br&gt;length, using four fleets of two vibrators, utilizing the High Fidelity Vibratory Seismic (HFVS) technique.&lt;br&gt;While the processing is ongoing, the results of the test are expected to produce data quality which will&lt;br&gt;be equivalent or better than conventional methods.&lt;br&gt;Based on the outcome of these surveys, future 3DVSP’s maybe acquired to help in developing the fields.
Effect of Chemical Treatment on Mechanical Properties and Moisture Regain of Jute Fibers (1988)

We report on the moisture regain, relative vapor pressure, hysteresis, and mechanical properties of two varieties of jute fibers. Corchorus capsularis grade 2 and Corchorus olitorius grade 2, modified by treatment with sebacoyl chloride, tolylene diisocyanate unsaturated polyester resin, vinyl ester resin, γ-aminopropyl trimethoxy silane, and isopropyl triisostearoyl titanate. All the treated fibers showed a reduction in moisture regain, but some fibers had superior moisture repellent behavior with no deterioration in their mechanical properties, while others suffered a loss in mechanical properties.
A Perceptual Audio Quality Measure Based on a Psychoacoustic Sound Representation (1992)

A general method for predicting the subjectivity quality of speech codecs has been developed. This method uses the concept of an internal sound representation. A model of the human auditory system is used to calculate the internal representation of the input and output signals of a speech codec. The transformation from the physical domain to the psychophysical (internal) domain is performed by way of three operations (frequency warping, time frequency smearing, and level compression). These operations allow modeling of the masking behavior of the human auditory system both at and above masked threshold
Ceramide‐Templated Macrolactams: Total Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Macrocyclic α‐Galactosylceramide Analogues and their Aglycons (2019)

We present the total synthesis of macrocyclic analogues of the immunomodulating glycolipid α‐GalCer (KRN7000), along with the corresponding macrocyclic aglycons. Their structures are inspired by the conformation of α‐GalCer when bound to the antigen presenting glycoprotein CD1d. The applied synthesis plan, involving either ring‐closing metathesis or ruthenium‐catalyzed azide‐alkyne cycloaddition for the crucial macrocyclization step, allowed for easy alteration of the ring size of the macrocycles. These compounds constitute a series of novel cyclic glycosphingolipid analogues.