gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Amyloid ? protein is internalized selectively by hippocampal field CA1 and causes neurons to accumulate amyloidogenic carboxyterminal fragments of the amyloid precursor protein (1998)

A critical issue concerning Alzheimer's disease is its selectivity, which leads to cellular degeneration in certain brain areas but not in others, and whether this pathogenic selectivity involves products of the amyloid precursor protein (APP). Here, we show that the amyloid β protein Aβ1–42 is accumulated gradually and is retained intact by field CA1, but not by other subdivisions, of organotypic hippocampal slice cultures. In contrast, the slightly shorter Aβ1–40 peptide was not sequestered selectively. Sequestration of Aβ1–42 was followed by the build-up of carboxyterminal fragments of the endogenous precursor protein that were identified by immunoprecipitation. Unlike the peptide uptake, this induction appeared to be stochastic at the cellular level. In addition, the APP fragments were distributed more broadly within the CA1 pyramidal neurons than the sequestered Aβ1–42, and they appeared to be localized to synaptic terminals in the molecular layer of the dentate gyrus and in the stratum lacunosum-moleculare of the subfield CA3. Concentrations of synaptophysin, a presynaptic marker, decreased as the number of neurons producing amyloidogenic species increased. These results indicate that exogenous Aβ1–42 sets into motion a sequence that involves 1) selective uptake of the peptide by vulnerable cells at risk in Alzheimer's disease, 2) markedly enhanced production of amyloidogenic precursor material, and 3) slow deterioration of central synapses. J. Comp. Neurol. 397:139–147, 1998. © 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Dynamics of olfactory learning‐induced up‐regulation of L1 in the piriform cortex and hippocampus (2005)

L1 is a cell adhesion molecule implicated in the formation of neural circuits and synaptic plasticity. We have examined the sequence and time-frame in which modifications in the synaptic expression of L1 occur in the piriform cortex and hippocampus in the course of rule learning of an olfactory discrimination task. Rats were trained to choose the correct odour in a pair to be rewarded with drinking water. Such training requires 6-8 days on average before rats reach maximal performance. We observed a learning-induced L1 up-regulation that occurred at an early training stage in the piriform cortex but only after rule-learning establishment in the hippocampus. We suggest that the dynamics of L1 up-regulation may reflect the functional role of these brain regions in olfactory rule learning.
Fault-tolerant real-time objects (1997)

article Free AccessFault-tolerant real-time objects Authors: K. H. Kim Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and The Department of Information and Computer Science, The University of California, Irvine Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and The Department of Information and Computer Science, The University of California, IrvineView Profile , Chittur Subbaraman Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of California, Irvine Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of California, IrvineView Profile Authors Info & Claims Communications of the ACMVolume 40Issue 1Jan. 1997 pp 75–82https://doi.org/10.1145/242857.242879Published:01 January 1997Publication History 25citation280DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations25Total Downloads280Last 12 Months16Last 6 weeks1 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteeReaderPDF
A spontaneous desorption-based polyatomic ion source (1993)

We describe an ion source based on the spontaneous desorption process. The production, acceleration, and separation processes allow for the production of keV energy polyatomic ions while maintaining a high signal-to-background ratio. Both atomic and polyatomic ions with up to 37 keV energy were generated. Because the spontaneous desorption process is naturally pulsed, the ion source was attached to a dual time-of-flight mass spectrometer for secondary ion mass spectrometry experiments. In this article, we describe the design of both the polyatomic ion source and the mass spectrometer.
Hybrid Deep RePReL: Integrating Relational Planning and Reinforcement Learning for Information Fusion (2022)

Fusion of high-level symbolic reasoning with lower level signal-based reasoning has attracted significant attention. We propose an architecture that integrates the high-level symbolic domain knowledge using a hierarchical planner with a lower level reinforcement learner that uses hybrid data (structured and unstructured). We introduce a novel neuro-symbolic system, Hybrid Deep RePReL that achieves the best of both worlds-the generalization ability of the planner with the effective learning ability of deep RL. Our results in two domains demonstrate the superiority of our approach in terms of sample efficiency as well as generalization to increased set of objects.
Extraction of lipid‐grown bacterial cells by supercritical fluid and organic solvent to obtain pure medium chain‐length polyhydroxyalkanoates (1999)

Abstract A simple two‐step process was developed to extract and purify medium chain‐length polyhydroxyalkanoates (MCL‐PHA) from bacterial cells ( Pseudomonas resinovorans ) grown on lard and tallow. The process consists of supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) of the lyophilized cells with carbon dioxide to remove lipid impurities, followed by chloroform extraction of the cells to recover the MCL‐PHA. SFE conditions were varied as to temperature (40–100°C), pressure (2000–9000 psi), and carbon dioxide flow rate (0.5–1.5 L/min, expanded gas). Lipid material, usually 2–4%, but in some cases as high as 11%, was extracted from the dried cells by SFE. A pressure range (5000–9000 psi, increased stepwise), a temperature of 60°C, and a carbon dioxide flow of 1.5 L/min were routinely used to extract the bacterial cells (4–5 g) after 3 h. Higher flow rates could shorten the extraction time even more. SFE did not extract MCL‐PHA from the cells. Yield of MCL‐PHA after chloroform extraction at room temperature was a maximum of 42.4% based on dry cell weight. The results show that the two‐step process saves time, uses much less organic solvent, and produces a purer MCL‐PHA biopolymer than previous extraction and purification methods. A more environmentally friendly clean‐up procedure based on SFE and organic solvent recovery was developed to remove contaminating lipid materials from the fermentation biomass, allowing for the recovery of higher purity MCL‐PHA that are suitable for more demanding applications.
A PRELIMINARY EXAMINATION OF THE FORMATION AND UTILIZATION OF TEXTURE AND ANISOTROPY IN ZIRCALOY-2 (1963)

The anisotropy of mechanicai properties in Zircaloy-2 associated with preferred orientation developed during manufacture has caused many difficulties in the fabrication and utilization of mill products. A preliminary examination of the development and utilization of texture preparatory to an experimental study of anisotropy in Zircaloy-2 tubing is presented. The development of preferred orientation during manufacture of Zircaloy-2 plate, strip, and tubing is qualitatively analyzed in terms of the plastic strain undergone, the modes of deformation operative, the existing anisotropy of flow strengths, and the effects of forming forces of the rolls or dies. The problem of forming structural shapes from anisotropic mill products is discussed, and the utilization of the anisotropy of mechanical properties to ease manufacture and to strengthen structures is considered. (auth)
Genomic characterization and selection of wine yeast to conduct industrial fermentations of a white wine produced in a SW Spain winery (2009)

We monitored the wine yeast population of an industrial system for a total of 9 years. Our work is one of the first examples made at industrial scale showing how molecular techniques can be successfully applied to improve the efficiency of the winemaking process.
Combining Predicate and Numeric Abstraction for Software Model Checking (2008)

Predicate (PA) and numeric (NA) abstractions are the two principal techniques for software analysis. In this paper, we develop an approach to couple the two techniques tightly into a unified framework via a single abstract domain called NumPredDom. In particular, we develop and evaluate four data structures that implement NumPredDom but differ in their expressivity and internal representation and algorithms. All our data structures combine BDDs (for efficient prepositional reasoning) with data structures for representing numerical constraints. Our technique is distinguished by its support for complex transfer functions that allow two way interaction between predicate and numeric information during state transformation. We have implemented a general framework for reachability analysis of C programs on top of our four data structures. Our experiments on non-trivial examples show that our proposed combination of PA and NA is more powerful and more efficient than either technique alone.
Handwritten Bangla Word Recognition Using Elliptical Features (2014)

In the present work, a holistic word recognition technique is proposed for the recognition of the handwritten Bangla words. Holistic word recognition technique assumes a word as a single and indivisible entity and extracts features from the entire word to recognize it. In this work, a set of elliptical features is extracted from handwritten word images to represent them in the feature space. Then, a comparison among 5 well known classifiers is carried out in terms of their accuracies to select the suitable classifier for evaluating the present work. Based on that, finally, a neural network based classifier is chosen for the recognition task. Using the elliptical features, the proposed system provides a satisfactory result on a small dataset.
Adsorption Properties of Surface Chemically Pure Sodium Perfluoro-n-alkanoates at the Air/Water Interface: Counterion Effects within Homologous Series of 1:1 Ionic Surfactants (2014)

The unusual behavior of saturation adsorption calculated from experimental equilibrium surface tension (σ(e)) versus logarithm of concentration (c) isotherms within the homologous series of aqueous sodium perfluoro-n-alkanoate solutions represents a particular problem in the adsorption of homologous ionic 1:1 amphiphiles at fluid interfaces. Special precautions were taken to guarantee surface-chemical purity for all solutions, avoiding falsifying effects by surface-active trace impurities. Surprisingly, all homologues' adsorption isotherms reveal ideal surface behavior. The minimal surface area demand per molecule adsorbed for shorter-chain homologues slightly decreases with increasing chain lengths but then goes up steeply after having passed a minimum. A similar feature has been observed with the chemically quite different homologous series of the hydrocarbon surfactants of sodium-n-alkylsulfates. Comparing the corresponding 3D saturation concentrations in the boundary layer and in the bulk, it becomes evident that at high bulk concentrations when boundary layer and bulk concentrations are of the same order of magnitude the adsorption behavior may be treated as that of a pseudononionic surfactant. However, under conditions of the homologues' strongest surface activity, adsorption seems to become increasingly governed by electrostatic repulsion, resulting in increasingly greater cross-sectional areas. Deviation from pseudononionic behavior sets in when the Debye length becomes distinctly greater than the adsorbent's diameter at saturation. Formerly available theories on ionic amphiphiles' adsorption deal either with electrical conditions of surfactant ions and counterions in the adsorption boundary layer or alternatively with pseudononionic behavior neglecting the former theories completely. Warszynski et al.'s novel theoretical model of the "surface quasi-two-dimensional electrolyte" seems to be capable of describing the adsorption of ionic amphiphiles at fluid interfaces in general. We conclude that the conditions of the two alternative approaches may be met within homologous series of ionic amphiphiles as limiting cases only.
Missing value estimation methods for DNA microarrays (2001)

We present a comparative study of several methods for the estimation of missing values in gene microarray data. We implemented and evaluated three methods: a Singular Value Decomposition (SVD) based method (SVDimpute), weighted K-nearest neighbors (KNNimpute), and row average. We evaluated the methods using a variety of parameter settings and over different real data sets, and assessed the robustness of the imputation methods to the amount of missing data over the range of 1--20% missing values. We show that KNNimpute appears to provide a more robust and sensitive method for missing value estimation than SVDimpute, and both SVDimpute and KNNimpute surpass the commonly used row average method (as well as filling missing values with zeros). We report results of the comparative experiments and provide recommendations and tools for accurate estimation of missing microarray data under a variety of conditions.
What We Know and Don’t Know about Climate Change, and Implications for Policy (2021)

There is a lot we know about climate change, but there is also a lot we don’t know. Even if we knew how much CO2 will be emitted over the coming decades, we wouldn’t know how much temperatures will rise as a result. And even if we could predict the extent of warming that will occur, we can say very little about its impact. I explain that we face considerable uncertainty over climate change and its impact, why there is so much uncertainty, and why we will continue to face uncertainty in the near future. I also explain the policy implications of climate change uncertainty. First, the uncertainty (particularly over the possibility of a catastrophic climate outcome) creates insurance value, which pushes us to earlier and stronger actions to reduce CO2 emissions. Second, uncertainty interacts with two kinds of irreversibilities: CO2 remains in the atmosphere for centuries, making the environmental damage from CO2 emissions irreversible, pushing us to earlier and stronger actions and reducing CO2 emissions requires sunk costs, that is, irreversible expenditures, which pushes us away from earlier actions. Both irreversibilities are inherent in climate policy, but the net effect is ambiguous.
Egomotion Estimation in Monocular Infra-red Image Sequence for Night Vision Applications (2007)

This paper presents a real-time egomotion estimation scheme that is specifically designed for measuring vehicle motion from a monocular infra-red image sequence at night time. Conventional methods of estimating camera motion such as optical-flow based method or direct-method that depends on brightness constancy do not work well in relatively low resolution infra-red imagery due to lack of textureness. In this paper, we propose a method that is based on aggregate feature tracking that is constrained by focus of expansion from instantaneous vehicle motion. Qualitative analysis of error is presented by comparing with groundtruth accelerometer data. An application of ground plane estimation combined with vanishing point estimation is also presented for robust pose estimation
Using Occlusion to Measure the Effects of the NHTSA Participant Criteria on Driver Distraction Testing (2014)

Recently the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration issued the final version of its voluntary Visual-Manual Distraction Guidelines and provided specific guidance on how to conduct driver distraction testing (NHTSA, 2013). The guidelines provide evaluation criteria for determining whether a task should be available while driving, including specifications for participants to consist of four age groups ranging from 18 to 75. The present study examines the age criteria from the NHTSA Guidelines to determine which groups will most often provide outcomes resulting in a task being unavailable while driving. Additionally, this study compares industry employees with participants from the general public to judge whether consistent results can be found between both samples. The results indicate that the 55+ age group will be the most likely to result in a task being unavailable to the driver while driving. It was also possible to obtain consistent results between non-interface design employees and the general public. The implications for testing procedures and conclusions are discussed.
Multiple Type Grid Approach for 3D Process Simulation (2006)

Various aspects of discretization and data representation in a generic 3D process simulator are discussed. It is shown that the only practical way to provide the efficient and robust simulation of various process steps is to use application specific gridding and numeric methods for distinct process step and provide smooth synchronization and data transformation between the simulation modules. We demonstrate how this approach can be successfully used for simulation of complete 50 nm MOSFET device cell starting from the physical layout and finish with simulation of its IV characteristics using the device simulator ATLAS3D
Generation of biomaterial particles with controlled dimensions via electrospraying (2012)

It is well known that small biomaterial particles can lead to superior properties demanded by advanced applications in tissue engineering. Electrospraying has been considered as a promising approach to prepare fine particles, but reducing the particle size during such jetting process is always challenging. This is because the size of the as-sprayed particles is always limited by the device outlet diameter used. In the study we show that hydroxyapatite (HA) relics of 2 - 3 μm with low standard deviation can be deposited using a large nozzle (diameter of 1100 μm) only by reducing the nozzle tip angle from 90° to 15°. The mechanism of such phenomenon was extensively discussed, and a range of refined HA patterns were successfully prepared using the updated electrspraying configuration. We anticipate our findings to have a significant impact on the research of nanostructured biomaterials with superior properties which are realized by reducing the particle size using a greener electrically-driven processing technique.
Demixing/Mixing of Polystyrene with Poly(methylphenylsiloxane) in a Two-Step Cooling/Heating Process:  Jump Spinodal Specification Method (2002)

We present experimental studies of the mixing process of a homopolymer blend of poly(methylphenylsiloxane) (PMPS) with polystyrene (PS). The system is first allowed to decompose spinodally at low temperature for few minutes and next is heated to a higher temperature to the one-phase or two-phase (metastable or unstable) region. In all cases the intensity drops initially after the temperature jump. In the one-phase region the intensity drops to the base scattering. In the metastable region it drops initially, and later on it starts to grow. In this region the peak position shifts strongly toward small wavevectors, and the intensity drops considerably. Finally, in the spinodal (unstable) region the peak position shifts toward smaller wavevectors, but the intensity of the peak hardly changes before increasing again. The decrease of the peak intensity is exponential with the characteristic decay time which approaches infinity when the temperature of the jump approaches that of the quench. The mixing process mainly involves the interdiffusion of polymers, without global movement of the interface. Small domains disappear faster than larger domains, and therefore the peak position (indicating an average size of the domains) shifts toward smaller wavevectors. In the metastable region the average wavevector as a function of time has a characteristic minimum, which shifts toward zero as we approach the spinodal. If the jump is made to the unstable region, the average wavevector monotonically decreases with time. The average wavevector, after temperature jump, allows to predict the location of the binodal and spinodal. We call this new method of spinodal location a jump spinodal specification method (JSS method). The generic features of this method have been confirmed in the computer simulations of the Flory−Huggins−de Gennes model with the Langevin dynamics for the mixture of polybutadiene and deuterated polybutadiene.
Microdialysis of the brain structures: application in behavioral research on vasopressin and oxytocin (2004)

In vivo microdialysis allows sampling of brain regions in conscious, freely moving animals. Moreover, the in vivo microdialysis allows to administer drugs directly into specific brain areas. Both are useful in behavioral studies. The subject of this review is the methodology of brain microdialysis, that is construction of the probe, effect of temperature, composition of the perfusion medium, perfusion flow rate, characteristics of the membrane material and the role of the diffusion coefficient. Other techniques of the study of in vivo release, alternative for microdialysis, are described. Advantages and disadvantages of acute and chronic microdialysis are discussed. Chronic microdialysis is especially needed in behavioral studies. Finally, the examples of application of microdialysis in behavioral studies of vasopressin (AVP) and oxytocin (OXT) and our own experience in these studies are described.
Wistarin, A Tetracyclic Furanosesterterpene From the Marine Sponge Ircinia wistarii (1982)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTWistarin, A Tetracyclic Furanosesterterpene From the Marine Sponge Ircinia wistariiRichard P. Gregson and David OuvrierCite this: J. Nat. Prod. 1982, 45, 4, 412–414Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1982Publication History Published online1 July 2004Published inissue 1 July 1982https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/np50022a008https://doi.org/10.1021/np50022a008research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views198Altmetric-Citations22LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts