gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Protein electrophoresis and DNA:DNA hybridizations of xanthomonads from grasses and cereals1 (1989)

More than 120 Xanthomonas campestris strains pathogenic for grasses and cereals were compared by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS‐PAGE) of their whole‐cell proteins. Genotypic relationships between representative strains of the electrophoretic groups were determined by DNA:DNA hybridizations. Two major groups of bacteria were delineated. The first included X. campestris pv. graminis , pv. arrhenatheri and some isolates from Bromus , which could be differentiated from each other by their protein fingerprints, and also the following pathovars which it was impossible to differentiate by SDS‐PAGE: cerealis, hordei, poae, secalis, translucens and undulosa. DNA:DNA hybridizations indicated that significant degrees of DNA‐binding (&gt;60% D) exist between all these pathovars. In the second group, strains of X. campestris pv. holcicola , pv. vasculorum and pv. oryzae were related at 40–45% DNA‐binding, while strains of pv. oryzae and pv. oryzicola were genotypically highly related (85% D). All the pathovars of this second group could be differentiated from each other by their protein electrophoretic fingerprints.
Differences in the Degree of Infectiousness of two Related Strains of Poliomyelitis Virus Following their Oral Administration to Monkeys, (1951)

Summary Although belonging to the same antigenic type of poliomyelitis virus, the Lansing and Y-SK strains differ in their capacity to produce antibodies in cynomolgus monkeys by the oral route. Of 21 monkeys fed Lansing virus, none developed antibodies. On the other hand, of 20 monkeys fed Y-SK virus, one evidenced paralysis and, of the remaining 19 animals without obvious paralytic disease, 12 developed antibodies. Following the repeated feeding of the Lansing strain of poliomyelitis to 6 cynomolgus monkeys, antibodies failed to appear. When these same monkeys were subsequently fed the Y-SK virus, antibodies were found in the sera of 5 of the 6 animals. Six cynomolgus monkeys fed heat-inactivated Lansing followed by heat-inactivated Y-SK virus did not develop antibodies. These experiments would seem to point to a difference in the peripheral invasiveness of these two immunologically related strains.
Buildout and integration of an automated high-throughput CLIA laboratory for SARS-CoV-2 testing on a large urban campus (2022)

In 2019, the first cases of SARS-CoV-2 were detected in Wuhan, China, and by early 2020 the first cases were identified in the United States. SARS-CoV-2 infections increased in the US causing many states to implement stay-at-home orders and additional safety precautions to mitigate potential outbreaks. As policies changed throughout the pandemic and restrictions lifted, there was an increase in demand for COVID-19 testing which was costly, difficult to obtain, or had long turn-around times. Some academic institutions, including Boston University (BU), created an on-campus COVID-19 screening protocol as part of a plan for the safe return of students, faculty, and staff to campus with the option for in-person classes. At BU, we put together an automated high-throughput clinical testing laboratory with the capacity to run 45,000 individual tests weekly by Fall of 2020, with a purpose-built clinical testing laboratory, a multiplexed reverse transcription PCR (RT-qPCR) test, robotic instrumentation, and trained staff. There were many challenges including supply chain issues for personal protective equipment and testing materials in addition to equipment that were in high demand. The BU Clinical Testing Laboratory (CTL) was operational at the start of Fall 2020 and performed over 1 million SARS-CoV-2 PCR tests during the 2020-2021 academic year.
Effect of type of organic modifier on the clay layered-based nanocomposites flammability and toxic gases emission (2020)

Well dispersed polyethylene (PE) nanocomposites were developed. Montmorillonite (MMT) as aluminosilicate clay layers was modified using organic silanes of different side chains. The MMT was grafted using 3-(trimethoxysilyl)propylamine, N-[3-(trimethoxysilyl)propyl]ethylenediamine, and trimethoxyvinylsilane. The modification process of MMT using organic different silanes was elucidated using microscopic, thermogravimetric, spectroscopic, and X-ray diffraction tools. Then, the developed organoclays were dispersed uniformly in PE matrix producing well exfoliated and dispersed polymer nanocomposites. The mass loadings of dispersed organoclay were varied and the impact of organic silane structure was studied. Thermal stability and flammability properties of the developed polymer nanocomposites were evaluated. The peak heat release rate and average heat release rate were reduced by 48% and 61%, respectively compared to virgin polymer. Also, the average mass loss rate was significantly reduced by 50%. This is in addition to reduction in emission of carbon monoxide (CO) and carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) by 45% and 56%, respectively. The effect of side chain of organosilane on the performance of modified clay layers was studied. The toxicity of gases evolved during combustion process of PE and their polymer nanocomposites were evaluated using Fourier transform infrared connected to cone calorimeter. Additionally, the influence of organic silane on the pyrolysis and toxic gases emission was further studied.
Energy-Efficient Operation of High-speed Trains Based on a Multiple Phases Model (2018)

The operation strategies of high-speed trains are influenced by variable gradients, speed limits and the neutral sections of a single phase alternating current (AC) traction power supply system. This paper aims at finding energy-efficient strategies for the punctual operation of High-speed trains. The train trajectory is divided into multiple phases based on start and end points of the neutral sections, variety points on gradients and speed limits. A basic optimization model is converted into a multiple phases model with the consideration of regenerative braking energy. Furthermore, the model is discretized and solved by a multiple phases pseudo spectral method, energy saving speed profiles and optimal modes were obtained. The correctness and effectiveness of the method are verified by comparing the simulation results with the operational data of the Guiyangbei-Kailinan High-speed Railway.
Rationale and design of PROACT Xa: A randomized, multicenter, open-label, clinical trial to evaluate the efficacy and safety of apixaban versus warfarin in patients with a mechanical On-X Aortic Heart Valve (2020)

Vitamin K antagonists are the only approved oral anticoagulants for long-term prophylaxis against valve thrombosis and thromboembolism in patients with a mechanical heart valve. Despite the proven efficacy and safety of anticoagulation with the oral direct factor Xa inhibitor apixaban compared with warfarin in high-risk populations including subjects with atrial fibrillation or with venous thromboembolism, it remains unknown whether patients with a mechanical heart valve can be safely managed with apixaban. The On-X Aortic Heart Valve and On-X Ascending Aortic Prosthesis with the Vascutek Gelweave Valsalva Graft may have lower rates of valve thrombosis and thromboembolism than conventional bileaflet and tilting disc valves due its unique pyrolytic carbon composition and flared inlet design. DESIGN: PROACT Xa is a randomized, multicenter, open-label, active-controlled trial comparing apixaban with warfarin in patients with an On-X Aortic Heart Valve or On-X Ascending Aortic Prosthesis with the Vascutek Gelweave Valsalva Graft. The study will randomize approximately 1,000 patients from approximately 60 sites in North America who underwent aortic valve replacement at least 3 months prior. Patients will be randomized 1:1 to receiving apixaban 5 mg twice daily or warfarin with a target international normalized ratio of 2.0-3.0. The last randomized participant will be followed for at least 2 years. The primary efficacy outcome is the composite of valve thrombosis and valve-related thromboembolism, and the primary safety outcome is major bleeding. Assuming the primary outcome occurs in warfarin-anticoagulated patients at a rate of 1.75%/patient-year, the study has more than 90% power to assess noninferiority of apixaban treatment with an absolute noninferiority margin of 1.75%/patient-year. A second co-primary analysis is to compare the hazard rate for the apixaban arm to twice the objective performance criterion for thromboembolism and valve thrombosis, that is, 3.4%/patient-year. SUMMARY: PROACT Xa will determine whether patients with an On-X Aortic Heart Valve can be anticoagulated with apixaban as an alternative to warfarin.
Measurements of intracellular volumes by 59Co and 2H/1H NMR and their physiological applications (2005)

Determination of the intracellular water volumes using NMR spectroscopy was performed using the NMR-visible nuclei: 59Co and 2H or 1H. Accurate measurement of intracellular water in cell suspensions and perfused organs is an important physiological parameter in the context of electrolyte homeostasis and energy metabolism, in particular when these parameters are monitored by non-invasive NMR spectroscopy. Furthermore, repeated or continuous monitoring of intracellular water provided significant insights into the physiology of cardiac muscle and sarcolemmal membrane permeability and integrity.
The crossover from RTM to resin infusion (2008)

Stephen Leonard-Williams explains how Composite Integration and Princess Yachts have been developing new methods of process control for resin infusion and resin transfer moulding (RTM) processes.
Identification of Potential COX-2 Inhibitors for the Treatment of Inflammatory Diseases Using Molecular Modeling Approaches (2020)

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are inhibitors of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) that were developed in order to avoid the side effects of non-selective inhibitors of COX-1. Thus, the present study aims to identify new selective chemical entities for the COX-2 enzyme via molecular modeling approaches. The best pharmacophore model was used to identify compounds within the ZINC database. The molecular properties were determined and selected with Pearson's correlation for the construction of quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) models to predict the biological activities of the compounds obtained with virtual screening. The pharmacokinetic/toxicological profiles of the compounds were determined, as well as the binding modes through molecular docking compared to commercial compounds (rofecoxib and celecoxib). The QSAR analysis showed a fit with R = 0.9617, R<sup>2</sup> = 0.9250, standard error of estimate (SEE) = 0.2238, and F = 46.2739, with the tetra-parametric regression model. After the analysis, only three promising inhibitors were selected, <b>Z-964</b>, <b>Z-627</b>, and <b>Z-814</b>, with their predicted pIC<sub>50</sub> (-log IC<sub>50</sub>) values, <b>Z-814</b> = 7.9484, <b>Z-627</b> = 9.3458, and <b>Z-964</b> = 9.5272. All candidates inhibitors complied with Lipinski's rule of five, which predicts a good oral availability and can be used in in vitro and in vivo tests in the zebrafish model in order to confirm the obtained in silico data.
Cancer Scene Investigation: How a Cold Virus Became a Tumor Killer (2005)

Oncolytic therapy is a novel anticancer treatment with attenuated lytic viruses such as adenovirus (Ad). These viruses kill the host cells through their lytic replication cycle and are thus distinct from classical gene therapy viruses, which serve as gene delivery agents and do not replicate. Oncolytic Ads are genetically engineered so as to replicate only in cancer cells. Their replication cycle leads to viral multiplication, the killing of the host cells and spreading of the infection throughout the tumor. Following success in preclinical studies, their anti-tumor potential is now being evaluated in the clinic. Three oncolytic Ads (dl1520, Ad5-CD/TKrep, and CV706) have completed Phase I and II clinical trials in cancer patients where their administration via multiple routes and in combination with chemo- or radiotherapies, has demonstrated overall safety. These viruses are being re-engineered to arm them with additional therapeutic genes, bolstering their oncolytic activity with a bystander effect. For example, Ad5-CD/TKrep delivers a therapeutic prodrug-activating (suicide) gene. These data indicate that oncolytic Ads are a promising novel cancer treatment approach that can be combined with other modalities, such as gene therapy and classical chemo- and radiotherapies. Further improvements to enhance their specificity, targeting and oncolytic activity are needed however, as these first-generation viruses showed modest anti-tumor activity. To improve their efficacy in the clinic, it will be important to devise and incorporate novel monitoring techniques in the clinical trials, such as analysis of viral replication in biopsies and through the use of creative noninvasive imaging technologies.
Enhanced Bert-Based Ranking Models for Spoken Document Retrieval (2019)

The Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers (BERT) model has recently achieved record-breaking success on many natural language processing (NLP) tasks such as question answering and language understanding. However, relatively little work has been done on ad-hoc information retrieval (IR), especially for spoken document retrieval (SDR). This paper adopts and extends BERT for SDR, while its contributions are at least three-fold. First, we augment BERT with extra language features such as unigram and inverse document frequency (IDF) statistics to make it more applicable to SDR. Second, we also explore the incorporation of confidence scores into document representations to see if they could help alleviate the negative effects resulting from imperfect automatic speech recognition (ASR). Third, we conduct a comprehensive set of experiments to compare our BERT-based ranking methods with other state-of-the-art ones and investigate the synergy effect of them as well.
DNA‐nuclease activity of the single‐chain ribosome‐inactivating proteins dianthin 30, saporin 6 and gelonin (1996)

The single-chain ribosome-inactivating proteins (scRIPs) from plant origin are antiviral and antiproliferative agents employed in the preparation of immunotoxins. Similarly to the A-chains of ricin, sc-RIPs act as rRNA N-glycosidases. We demonstrate here that dianthin 30, saporin 6 and gelonin exert a specific nuclease activity on supercoiled DNA. Four specific sites of cleavage introduced by dianthin 30 and by saporin 6 and two specific sites of cleavage introduced by gelonin have been identified and mapped in pBR322.
Automated Metabolic Profiling and Interpretation of GC/MS Data for Organic Acidemia Screening: A Personal Computer-Based System. (1999)

We have developed a personal computer-based system designed for automated metabolic profiling of urinary organic acids by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS) and data interpretation for organic acidemia screening. For the automated profiling, we compiled retention indices, two target ions and their intensity ratio for 126 urinary metabolites. Metabolites above the cut-off values were flagged as abnormal compounds. The data interpretation was based on combination of the flagged metabolites. Diagnostic or index metabolites were categorized into three groups, "AND," "OR" and "NO," and compiled for each disorder to improve the specificity of the diagnosis. Groups "AND" and "OR" comprised essential and optional compounds, respectively, which and both to reach a specific diagnosis. Group "NO" comprised metabolites that must be absent to make a definite diagnosis. We tested this system by analyzing urine specimens from 48 patients previously diagnosed as having organic acidemias. In all cases, the diagnostic metabolites were identified and each correct diagnosis could be found among the possible diseases suggested by the system. Hence, with this simplified automated system, more people will be able to participate extensively in any screening programs using GC/MS.
Vertebral Muscles of the Back and Tail of the Albino Rat (<i>Rattus norvegicus albinu</i><i>s</i>); pp. 1–23 (1980)

The dorsal and ventral vertebral muscles of the back and the tail of the albino Norway rat are described and discussed. These muscles were analyzed because they are undoubtably used during the sexual posturing, lordosis, of the female rat, as well as participating in a variety of other behaviors. The muscles are described by region (thoracic-lumbar or sacrocaudal), and the classifications of Vallois are followed where possible. Of the epaxial (dorsal) muscles, the three longitudinal systems of muscles, the transversospinalis, the longissimus, and the iliocostalis systems, can be identified in the albino rat. Muscles of the transversospinalis system are fused in the lumbar region, distinct and specialized in the thoracic region, and form the tail muscle extensor caudae medialis caudally. The iliocostalis system of the lumbar region is fused with one component of the lumbar longissimus system to form lateral longissimus. Anteriorly, iliocostalis thoracis and cervicis represent the iliocostalis system. The lumbar longissimus system is represented by the longissimus component of lateral longissimus, medial longissimus, and a short-fiber component. Longissimus dorsi is the anterior continuation of the longissimus portion of the lateral longissimus. The short-fiber component also continues into the thoracic region, where it becomes difficult to separate out from longissimus dorsi. Medial longissimus represents the excursion into the lumbar region of the long, tendinous, tailbase-tail muscle, longissimus caudae; the caudal portion of this muscle is extensor caudae lateralis. The remaining dorsal muscle described is the tail muscle, abductor caudae dorsalis. The hyposomal (ventral) muscles described are quadratus lumborum and the intertransversarii, present in the lumbar region; the muslces iliococcygeus, pubococcygeus and coccygeus which arise from the medial face of the pelvis and insert onto the proximal tail; the long, tendinous, tail muscles, flexor caudae brevis and longus; and the ventral and lateral set of segmental tail muscles. The innervation of the lumbar transversospinalis muscles by the medial branches and of lateral longissimus by the lateral branches of the dorsal rami of the spinal nerves was traced and confirmed by electrical stimulation of the nerve branches. The innervation of medial longissimus is also described. Additionally, movements of the vertebral column produced by direct unilateral or bilateral muscle stimulation were observed for a number of the muscles.
ChemInform Abstract: C4‐Selective Oxidative Coupling of Thiophenes with Arylboron Compounds: Influence of Solvent Acidity and Boron Substitution. (2014)

Abstract A regioselectivity &lt;97:3 is observed in all examples.
Surface Microstructure Formation by ns-, ps-, and fs-Laser Ablation of an Elastomer Composite (2000)

We investigated the laser ablation of an elastomer composite with nanosecond- (ns-), picosecond- (ps-) and femtosecond- (fs-) pulsed UV lasers (ns-laser: λ=248nm, τ=30ns; ps-laser: λ=263nm, τ=8ps; fs-laser: λ=248nm, τ=500fs). Upon laser irradiation, a unique microstructure on the surface of the elastomer composite (acrylate polymer) containing carbon black (particle size: 18-30nm) was observed. The laser-ablated surfaces were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The formation mechanism is discussed in terms of thermal effects induced by the different pulse durations of the lasers.
Discrimination of material property by pressure-conductive rubber sheet sensor with multi-sensing function (2002)

A new technique for discrimination of material property by a pressure-conductive rubber sheet sensor with multi-sensing function is proposed. Firstly, we found the thermal conductivity and hardness of four typical materials when the rubber sheet, of which the resistance is influenced by not only pressure but also temperature, is put on the flat surface of the material. Furthermore, we proposed a tactile sensor with eight latticed small patch rubber elements and three kinds of surface models for discriminating the difference of the surface situation of materials, and obtained a good result to recognize the thermal property and the hardness property of material and also the surface situation of the model surface of the material.
High‐Cot sequence analysis of the maize genome (2003)

Higher eukaryotic genomes, including those from plants, contain large amounts of repetitive DNA that complicate genome analysis. We have developed a technique based on DNA renaturation which normalizes repetitive DNA, and thereby allows a more efficient outcome for full genome shotgun sequencing. The data indicate that sequencing the unrenatured outcome of a Cot experiment, otherwise known as High-Cot DNA, enriches genic sequences by more than fourfold in maize, from 5% for a random library to more than 20% for a High-Cot library. Using this approach, we predict that gene discovery would be greater than 95% and that the number of sequencing runs required to sequence the full gene space in maize would be at least fourfold lower than that required for full-genome shotgun sequencing.
Near‐Band‐Edge Electroluminescence from Heavy‐Metal‐Free Colloidal Quantum Dots (2011)

The first observation of near-band-edge electroluminescent emission from the colloidal quantum dots (QDs) consisting of CuInS2-ZnS alloyed (ZCIS) cores and ZnSe/ZnS double shells is reported. Bright and organic-free electroluminescence (EL) emission peaked at red (λ = 623 nm), yellow (λ = 594 nm), and green (λ = 560 nm) wavelengths is observed from the heavy-metal-free QD light-emitting diodes (QD-LEDs). The onset voltages, luminance output uniformity, and efficiencies of the heavy-metal-free QD-LEDs are characterized.
Online Bagging and Boosting (2006)

Bagging and boosting are two of the most well-known ensemble learning methods due to their theoretical performance guarantees and strong experimental results. However, these algorithms have been used mainly in batch mode, i.e., they require the entire training set to be available at once and, in some cases, require random access to the data. In this paper, we present online versions of bagging and boosting that require only one pass through the training data. We build on previously presented work by describing some theoretical results. We also compare the online and batch algorithms experimentally in terms of accuracy and running time.
Monitoring of Peripheral Nerves and Muscle Function in Patients with Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome (2000)

Hotchkiss, Richard S. MD; Swanson, Paul E. MD; Freeman, Bradley D. MD; Tinsley, Kevin W. BA; Cobb, J. Perren MD; Buchman, Timothy G. MD, PhD, FCCM; Karl, Irene E. PhD Author Information
Phenytoin Hypersensitivity with Pulmonary Involvement in a Hemophiliac Patient with Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection (1987)

Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), with its attendant sequelae of opportunistic infections and aggressive lymphatic malignancies, continues to dominate the world's medical literature. Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP) remains as the most commonly encountered infection in AIDS and an early cause of morbidity and mortality. Current therapy for PCP revolves around the administration of either pentamidine isoethionate or trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole; however, the major AIDS centers report a high incidence of adverse drug reactions to these drugs. We describe an association with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in a hemophiliac with multiple drug-related hypersensitivity reactions, which include constitutional, dermatologic, and pulmonary manifestations. This observance is intriguing and suggests that the presence of HIV infection may predispose a patient treated with a multitude of drugs and medications to a higher incidence of adverse reactions.