gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Incomplete occlusion of left ventricular aneurysms after endoventricular aneurysmorrhaphy: Diagnosis by echocardiography and ventriculography (1996)

Surgical treatment of left ventricular aneurysms have recently focused on maintaining normal left ventricular geometry by using a circular patch repair to exclude the aneurysmal cavity (endoaneurysmorrhaphy). We describe two patients who underwent this procedure and were subsequently found by echocardiography and angiography to have a residual communication between the left ventricular cavity and the aneurysm which contained thrombus. This finding may have implications regarding the optimal hemodynamic result of the surgery and the risk of thromboembolism.
Glecaprevir and pibrentasvir for 12 weeks for hepatitis C virus genotype 1 infection and prior direct‐acting antiviral treatment (2017)

The combination of GLE and PIB was highly efficacious and well tolerated in patients with HCV genotype 1 infection and prior failure of DAA-containing therapy; RBV coadministration did not improve efficacy. (Hepatology 2017;66:389-397).
Selective area growth and characterization of AlGaN/GaN heterojunction bipolar transistors by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (2001)

The selective area growth (SAG) and properties of AlGaN/GaN heterojunction bipolar transistors (HBTs) grown by low-pressure metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) are described and analyzed. Transistors based on group III-nitride material are attractive for high-power and high-temperature applications. Much work has been focused on improving p-type material, as well as heterojunction interfaces. However, there have been very few reports on HBTs operating at room temperature, At this time, current gains for nitride-based HBTs have been limited to /spl sim/10. Selective area regrowth was applied to the growth of AlGaN/GaN HBTs to analyze its potential advantages as compared to more traditional growth techniques in order to realize improved electrical performance of the devices.
Method for semi-automated microscopy of filtration-enriched circulating tumor cells (2016)

The semi-automated microscopy method reported here increases the feasibility and reliability of filtration-enriched CTC assays and can help progress towards their validation and translation to the clinic.
Abstract 68: Exomic landscape of uterine leiomyosarcomas (2015)

Abstract Uterine leiomyosarcomas are rare malignant tumors originating from the smooth muscle lining of the uterus, the myometrium. They account for 1-2% of all uterine malignancies with an estimated incidence of 0.3-0.4/100,000 women per year. The symptoms, signs, and histopathological features of uterine leiomyosarcomas widely overlap with those of uterine leiomyomas, their benign counterparts, which can cause diagnostic challenges in daily pathological practice. Because leiomyosarcomas are clinically aggressive tumors with poor 5-year survival and a high recurrence rate, early diagnosis is important for prolonged survival. Currently, the diagnosis of these tumors is often incidental and postoperative. Most leiomyosarcomas are aneuploid with complex numerical and structural chromosomal aberrations and show substantial cytogenetic heterogeneity. Although a few cancer genes have been implicated in uterine leiomyosarcomas, such as TP53, RB1, and CDKN2A, these genes represent, however, common cancer genes not specific for smooth muscle malignancies. The aim of this study is to examine somatic variation in the coding regions of uterine leiomyosarcomas by exome sequencing to identify potential new molecular biomarkers. Altogether 18 formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tumor samples entered whole-exome sequencing. After the filtering of exome sequencing data, a list of genes which were mutated in at least two tumors was created. The list included over 50 genes TP53 being the most frequently mutated gene. The most prominent candidate variants are validated with Sanger sequencing and the validations are ongoing. Also a series of 35 additional tumors is available on tissue microarray for possible immunohistochemical validations. Identification of novel molecular genetic characteristics in uterine leiomyosarcomas is clinically relevant to further improve the diagnosis and prognosis of the patients. New knowledge on the mechanisms underlying the progression to malignancy is also essential for developing new treatments. Citation Format: Netta Mäkinen, Tuomas Heikkinen, Mervi Aavikko, Ralf Bützow, Pia Vahteristo. Exomic landscape of uterine leiomyosarcomas. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr 68. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-68
100-GS/s 5-Bit Real-Time Optical Quantization for Photonic Analog-to-Digital Conversion (2013)

We report a trial of 100-GS/s optical quantization with 5-bit resolution using soliton self-frequency shift (SSFS) and spectral compression. We confirm that 100-GS/s 5-bit optical quantization is realized to quantize a 5.0-GHz sinusoid electrical signal in simulation. In order to experimentally verify the possibility of 100-GS/s 5-bit optical quantization, we execute 5-bit optical quantization by using two sampled signals with 10-ps intervals.
Neuromodulation for restoring memory (2016)

Disorders of learning and memory have a large social and economic impact in today's society. Unfortunately, existing medical treatments have shown limited clinical efficacy or potential for modification of the disease course. Deep brain stimulation is a successful treatment for movement disorders and has shown promise in a variety of other diseases including psychiatric disorders. The authors review the potential of neuromodulation for the treatment of disorders of learning and memory. They briefly discuss learning circuitry and its involvement in Alzheimer disease and traumatic brain injury. They then review the literature supporting various targets for neuromodulation to improve memory in animals and humans. Multiple targets including entorhinal cortex, fornix, nucleus basalis of Meynert, basal ganglia, and pedunculopontine nucleus have shown a promising potential for improving dysfunctional memory by mechanisms such as altering firing patterns in neuronal networks underlying memory and increasing synaptic plasticity and neurogenesis. Significant work remains to be done to translate these findings into durable clinical therapies.
Effect of the Retinoid X Receptor-Selective Ligand LGD1069 on Mammary Carcinoma After Tamoxifen Failure (1999)

We have previously shown that a retinoid X receptor (RXR)-selective ligand (a rexinoid), called LGD1069, is highly efficacious in both the chemoprevention and the chemotherapy for N-nitrosomethylurea-induced rat mammary carcinomas. To evaluate a possible role for rexinoids in breast cancer therapy further, we have designed and characterized a novel carcinogen-induced model to mimic the clinical situation in which the tumors of patients stop responding to tamoxifen therapy and develop resistance to this drug.Rats with experimentally induced mammary tumors were treated with tamoxifen to select a population with primary tumors that failed to respond completely to the drug. Once the failure of tamoxifen therapy had been established, LGD1069 was added to the treatment regimen, and the tumors in these animals were compared with tumors in a group of animals that remained on tamoxifen alone.LGD1069 in combination with tamoxifen for up to 20 weeks yielded an overall objective response rate of 94% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 86%-100%) (includes complete and partial responses) in primary tumors compared with a rate of 33% (95% CI = 11%-56%) in primary tumors treated with tamoxifen alone, a statistically significant difference (two-sided P<.0001). In addition, the LGD1069 and tamoxifen combination was associated with a statistically significant decrease in total tumor burden (two-sided P =.03). In a second study, tumors that failed to respond to tamoxifen therapy exhibited a 51% (95% CI = 34%-71%) objective response rate when treated with LGD1069 alone for 6 weeks after tamoxifen therapy was withdrawn.We have demonstrated that the RXR-selective ligand LGD1069 in combination with tamoxifen is a highly efficacious therapeutic agent for tumors that fail to respond completely to tamoxifen. This finding suggests that rexinoid therapy offers a novel approach to the treatment of breast tumors that may have developed resistance to antihormonal therapies such as tamoxifen.
Pericytic-Like Angiotropism of Glioma and Melanoma Cells (2002)

We have identified in malignant melanoma an angiotumoral complex in which tumor cells occupy a pericytic location along the endothelium of microvessels without evidence of intravasation. We have suggested that this pericytic-like angiotropism could be a marker of an extravascular migration of tumor cells along the abluminal surface of vessels. The extravascular migratory metastasis proposed for melanoma has close analogies with glioma migration. To compare our hypothesis of extravascular migration by melanoma with the migration of glioma cells, we have used the B16 murine melanoma cell line and the GL26 murine glioma cell line in an in vivo murine brain tumor model and in vitro using endothelial cells that have formed capillary-like structures and have been cocultivated with tumor cells. In the brain tumors, a clear progression of glioma and melanoma cells was observed along the abluminal surface of vessels, where they occupied a pericytic location along the periendothelial laminin. In vitro, time-lapse videomicroscopy recorded the migration of tumor cells toward endothelial tubules. After 24 hours, both the melanoma cells and the glioma cells were localized along the external surfaces of the vascular tubules, occupying a pericytic-like location. These similarities between glioma and melanoma support the hypothesis of an extravascular migration of melanoma cells, particularly along the abluminal surface of vessels.
Bioavailability Enhancement Strategies: Basics, Formulation Approaches and Regulatory Considerations (2011)

Poor solubility remains a major challenge for pharmaceutical industry, which is now considered to be an area of prime importance in the field of biomedical research. Approximately 40% new molecular entities (NMEs) synthesized in pharmaceutical R with advanced combinatorial chemistry and computer aided drug designing (CADD) approaches suffer from poor solubility and bioavailability related issues. Apart from these presence of intestinal tight junctional epithelial cells, transporters and enzymatic barriers further reduces the oral absorption of drugs. Implication of the novel lipid based nanocarriers and nanomaterials like dendrimers and carbon nanotubes as a delivery system can effectively enhance the oral bioavailability of drugs by breaching the barriers, and resolve all critics related to solubility and bioavailability. Thus prime objectives of this review are to give in-depth knowledge and critical appraisal on the barriers for poor oral bioavailability of drugs, along with various novel formulation approaches used for bioavailability enhancement such as lipid based formulations, nanosizing techniques, complexation with polymers and nanomaterials like dendrimers, carbon nanotubes, and penetration enhancers. Also it gives a brief account on in vitro, in vivo screening methods used for assessment of oral bioavailability, and regulatory considerations for the approval.
Identification of fluorescent Pseudomonas species. (1980)

Fluorescent pseudomonads may be identified through examination of the fluorescence "profiles" of diffusible pigments released into the growth medium. The profiles are obtained in the form of an emission-excitation matrix, the elements of which correspond to fluorescence intensity as a function of multiple exciting and emitting wavelengths. Use of a rapid scanning fluorometer to acquire these data provides a relatively fast method for identification of the microorganisms after incubation. This procedure can potentially be expanded for the identification of other microorganisms.
Ciliastatic Components in the Gas Phase of Cigarette Smoke (1966)

The gas phase of cigarette smoke, separated into its components by gas chromatography, was passed across a ciliated specimen. The acetaldehyde, acrolein, and hydrogen cyanide produced strong inhibition of the ciliary beat. A filter which removed most of the acetaldehyde and acrolein from smoke did not reduce the inhibitory effect of the gas phase of that smoke, whereas a filter that removed most of the hydrogen cyanide did reduce inhibition.
The Retinoblastoma Interacting Zinc Finger Gene RIZ Produces a PR Domain-lacking Product through an Internal Promoter (1997)

The PR domain is a newly recognized protein motif that characterizes a subfamily of Krüppel-like zinc finger genes. Members of the PR domain family have been shown to play important roles in cell differentiation and malignant transformation. The RIZ gene is the founding member of this family; it was isolated because its gene products can bind to the retinoblastoma tumor suppressor protein. Here, we have studied the RIZ gene structure and expression. By immunoprecipitation and immunoblot analysis we identified two different RIZ protein products of 280 and 250 kDa, designated RIZ1 and RIZ2, respectively. The 280-kDa RIZ1 product comigrated with the RIZ cDNA-derived polypeptide. The 250-kDa RIZ2 product lacked the NH2-terminal PR domain of RIZ1; it comigrated with a truncated RIZ1 polypeptide that was initiated from an internal ATG codon. Both the full-length and the truncated RIZ1 polypeptide were located in the nucleus as shown by transfection and immunofluorescence analysis. We identified the RIZ2 transcripts and showed that they were produced by an internal promoter located at the 5' boundary of coding exon 5. RNase protection analysis revealed similar ratios of RIZ1 and RIZ2 transcripts in most adult rat tissues except in testis, where RIZ1 was more abundant than RIZ2. These observations were strikingly similar to those described for the MDS1-EVI1 cancer gene, which also normally gives rise to a PR domain-lacking product, EVI1, because of an internal promoter.
The superpowers of swarms (2019)

What happens when army ants come across a big gap in front of them?They could take the long way around, following the edge of the crack until they can get around it.But they don't -they make their own short cut.The ants that encounter the gap build a bridge out of their own bodies.Those following behind then walk over the bridge to reach the other side.How do these ants know what to do?You might think that the queen ant sends out instructions but that's not what happens.No leader directs the bridge-building task.Instead, each ant acts on its own, following simple rules.The combined effect of every ant following the same set of simple instructions produces a remarkable outcome.Together, they build a bridge.Other types of ant display equally remarkable behaviour.Fire ants escape flooding by collecting themselves into a waterproof raft that can float on water.Again, each ant follows simple instructions to produce a flat, floating structure.This behaviour is called "swarming".
Proton Tunable Analog Transistor for Low Power Computing (2022)

This project was broadly motivated by the need for new hardware that can process information such as images and sounds right at the point of where the information is sensed (e.g. edge computing). The project was further motivated by recent discoveries by group demonstrating that while certain organic polymer blends can be used to fabricate elements of such hardware, the need to mix ionic and electronic conducting phases imposed limits on performance, dimensional scalability and the degree of fundamental understanding of how such devices operated. As an alternative to blended polymers containing distinct ionic and electronic conducting phases, in this LDRD project we have discovered that a family of mixed valence coordination compounds called Prussian blue analogue (PBAs), with an open framework structure and ability to conduct both ionic and electronic charge, can be used for inkjet-printed flexible artificial synapses that reversibly switch conductance by more than four orders of magnitude based on electrochemically tunable oxidation state. Retention of programmed states is improved by nearly two orders of magnitude compared to the extensively studied organic polymers, thus enabling in-memory compute and avoiding energy costly off-chip access during training. We demonstrate dopamine detection using PBA synapses and biocompatibility with living neurons, evoking prospective application for brain - computer interfacing. By application of electron transfer theory to in-situ spectroscopic probing of intervalence charge transfer, we elucidate a switching mechanism whereby the degree of mixed valency between N-coordinated Ru sites controls the carrier concentration and mobility, as supported by density functional theory (DFT) .
Catalysts for the hydroalkylation of benzene, toluene and xylenes. (1981)

The catalytic hydroalkylation of benzene over palladium and fused salt (NaCl-AlCl3) was examined under hydrogen pressure. The combination catalyst of palladium and fused salt showed good activity for hydroalkylation, providing cyclohexylbenzene as the main product, with a small amount of bicyclohexyl. With 0.24% palladium supported on alumina, suitable reaction conditions were : a temperature of 120-140°, and a reaction time of 5-10 hr in the presence of fused salt (NaCl-AlCl3 ; molar ratio 1 : 1). Under these conditions, the yields of cyclohexylbenzene and bicyclohexyl were 54.7 and 5.1%, respectively. This catalyst system was applied to the hydroalkylation of toluene, xylenes and trimethylbenzenes. Based on the behavior of the fused salt, we suggest that NaAlCl4 represents an active species in the hydroalkylation reaction.
RANKL Is Necessary and Sufficient to Initiate Development of Antigen-Sampling M Cells in the Intestinal Epithelium (2009)

Microfold cells (M cells) are specialized epithelial cells situated over Peyer's patches (PP) and other organized mucosal lymphoid tissues that transport commensal bacteria and other particulate Ags into intraepithelial pockets accessed by APCs. The TNF superfamily member receptor activator of NF-kappaB ligand (RANKL) is selectively expressed by subepithelial stromal cells in PP domes. We found that RANKL null mice have <2% of wild-type levels of PP M cells and markedly diminished uptake of 200 nm diameter fluorescent beads. Ab-mediated neutralization of RANKL in adult wild-type mice also eliminated most PP M cells. The M cell deficit in RANKL null mice was corrected by systemic administration of exogenous RANKL. Treatment with RANKL also induced the differentiation of villous M cells on all small intestinal villi with the capacity for avid uptake of Salmonella and Yersinia organisms and fluorescent beads. The RANK receptor for RANKL is expressed by epithelial cells throughout the small intestine. We conclude that availability of RANKL is the critical factor controlling the differentiation of M cells from RANK-expressing intestinal epithelial precursor cells.
Branch-entangled polariton pairs in planar microcavities and photonic wires (2004)

A scheme is proposed for the generation of branch-entangled pairs of microcavity polaritons through spontaneous interbranch parametric scattering. Branch entanglement is achievable when there are two twin processes, where the role of signal and idler can be exchanged between two different polariton branches. Branch entanglement of polariton pairs can lead to the emission of frequency-entangled photon pairs out of the microcavity. In planar microcavities, the necessary phase-matching conditions are fulfilled for pumping of the upper polariton branch at an arbitrary in-plane wave vector. The important role of nonlinear losses due to pair scattering into high-momentum exciton states is evaluated. The results show that the lack of protection of the pump polaritons in the upper branch is critical. In photonic wires, branch entanglement of one-dimensional polaritons is achievable when the pump excites a lower polariton sub-branch at normal incidence, providing protection from the exciton reservoir.
Static and Dynamic irreversible magnetic properties of high temperature superconductors (2008)

This thesis describes experimental and theoretical study of static and dynamic aspects of the irreversible magnetic behavior of high-Tc superconductors. Experimentally, conventional magnetometry and novel Hall-probe array techniques are employed. Using both techniques extends significantly the experimental possibilities and yields a wealth of new experimental results.
Structuring a volume boundary with hypergraphs for its reflective symmetry analysis (2011)

National audience
On the Complexity of Generating Gate Level Information Flow Tracking Logic (2012)

Hardware-based side channels are known to expose hard-to-detect security holes enabling attackers to get a foothold into the system to perform malicious activities. Despite this fact, security is rarely accounted for in hardware design flows. As a result, security holes are often only identified after significant damage has been inflicted. Recently, gate level information flow tracking (GLIFT) has been proposed to verify information flow security at the level of Boolean gates. GLIFT is able to detect all logical flows including hardware specific timing channels, which is useful for ensuring properties related to confidentiality and integrity and can even provide real-time guarantees on system behavior. GLIFT can be integrated into the standard hardware design, testing and verification process to eliminate unintended information flows in the target design. However, generating GLIFT logic is a difficult problem due to its inherent complexity and the potential losses in precision. This paper provides a formal basis for deriving GLIFT logic which includes a proof on the NP-completeness of generating precise GLIFT logic and a formal analysis of the complexity and precision of various GLIFT logic generation algorithms. Experimental results using IWLS benchmarks provide a practical understanding of the computational complexity.
On the efficiency of covariance localisation of the ensemble Kalman filter using augmented ensembles (2019)

Localisation is one of the main reasons for the success of the ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF) in high-dimensional geophysical data assimilation problems. It is based on the assumption that correlations between variables of a dynamical system decrease at a fast rate with the physical distance. In the EnKF, two types of localisation methods have emerged: domain localisation and covariance localisation. In this article, we explore possible implementations for covariance localisation in the deterministic EnKF using augmented ensembles in the analysis. We first discuss and compare two different methods to construct the augmented ensemble. The first method, known as modulation, relies on a factorisation property of the background covariance matrix. The second method is based on randomised singular value decomposition (svd) techniques, which has not been previously applied to covariance localisation. The qualitative properties of both methods are illustrated using a simple one-dimensional covariance model. We then show how localisation can be introduced in the perturbation update step using this augmented ensemble framework and we derive a generic ensemble square root Kalman filter with covariance localisation (LEnSRF). Using twin simulations of the Lorenz-1996 model we show that the LEnSRF is numerically more efficient when combined with the randomised svd method than with the modulation method. Finally we introduce a realistic extension of the LEnSRF that uses domain localisation in the horizontal direction and covariance localisation in the vertical direction. Using twin simulations of a multilayer extension of the Lorenz-1996 model, we show that this approach is adequate to assimilate satellite radiances, for which domain localisation alone is insufficient.