gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Endosomal signaling of the tomato leucine‐rich repeat receptor‐like protein LeEix2 (2011)

Extracellular leucine-rich repeat (LRR) receptor-like proteins (RLPs) represent a unique class of cell-surface receptors, as they lack a functional cytoplasmic domain. Our knowledge of how RLPs that do not contain a kinase or Toll domain function is very limited. The tomato RLP receptor LeEix2 signals to induce defense responses mediated by the fungal protein ethylene-inducing xylanase (EIX). The movement of FYVE-positive endosomes before and after EIX application was examined using spinning disc confocal microscopy. We found that while FYVE-positive endosomes generally observe a random movement pattern, following EIX application a subpopulation of FYVE-positive endosomes follow a directional movement pattern. Further, cellular endosomes travel greater distances at higher speeds following EIX application. Time-course experiments conducted with specific inhibitors demonstrate the involvement of endosomal signaling in EIX-triggered defense responses. Abolishing the existence of endosomes or the endocytic event prevented EIX-induced signaling. Endocytosis/endosome inhibitors, such as Dynasore or 1-butanol, inhibit EIX-induced signaling. Moreover, treatment with Endosidin1, which inhibits an early step in plasma membrane/endosome trafficking, enhances the induction of defense responses by EIX. Our data indicate a distinct endosomal signaling mechanism for induction of defense responses in this RLP system.
26.5 Gb/in/sup 2/ areal-density longitudinal thin film media (2000)

A 26.5 Gb/in/sup 2/ areal-density demonstration was made using low-noise, thermally stable media and advanced dual-spin-valve heads. The demonstration was achieved at a linear density of 504 kbpi, a track density of 52.6 ktpi, and a data transfer rate of 230 Mb/s. The media had M/sub r/t of 0.40 memu/cm/sup 2/ and coercivity of 2500 Oe, and were composed of a dual-magnetic-layer structure with a five-element magnetic alloy. It was observed that smaller, uniform and isolated magnetic grains are critical to reducing the media noise and for designing ultra-high areal-density recording media that are thermally stable.
Quadrature-point stabilization of Mach-Zehnder interferometers (1990)

Optical fiber magnetometers are extremely sensitive devices which are capable of competing with magnetometers implemented using other technologies. Demodulation of the signals detected using these magnetometers can be performed using either homodyne or heterodyne techniques. Higher sensitivities have been achieved using homodyne rather than heterodyne techniques, but with homodyne demodulation there exists the inherent problem of quadrature-point stabilization. Presented here is a review of existing quadrature-point stabilization methods and experimental results concerning the application of one of them which uses a piezoelectric transducer in the reference arm of an all-fiber Mach-Zehnder interferometer.
A Model for Ni-63 Source for Betavoltaic Application (2020)

A mathematical model of Ni-63 source for betavoltaic batteries is presented, based on the Monte Carlo calculation. Trajectories of beta particles are simulated in Ni-63 source until their escape or total energy dissipation. Analysis of the effect of physical and technological factors on the performance of a source is carried out. Special attention is given to self-absorption and substrate backscattering because of their impact on power emission. Addition of a protective layer diminishes the source emission because of further absorption. The model has been tested successfully for Ni-63/GaN structure.
Body speed control of quadruped locomotion robot using information from speed sensor and accelerometer. (1990)

When a quadruped locomotion robot is used as a vehicle, it is desirable to keep the body speed and body height constant. The control methods of the body speed can be classified into two main groups : 1) local feedback control using information of each joint, and 2) control using information such as velocity and acceleration of the body. Information used in the latter control method give the relationship between the robot and the external environment. We aim to achieve dynamic walking with constant body speed and height by the control method using the velocity and acceleration of the body. By the proposed control method, the walking robot `COLT-1' with several sensors achieves dynamic walking in which the body speed is maintained at 0.2[m/s].
Stroke Magnetic Resonance Imaging Is Accurate in Hyperacute Intracerebral Hemorrhage (2004)

Hyperacute ICH causes a characteristic imaging pattern on stroke MRI and is detectable with excellent accuracy. Even raters with limited film-reading experience reached good accuracy. Stroke MRI alone can rule out ICH and demonstrate the underlying pathology in hyperacute stroke.
Single and Combination Antibiotic Therapy of Staphylococcus aureus Experimental Endocarditis: Emergence of Gentamicin-Resistant Mutants (1978)

The efficacy of nafcillin and gentamicin used alone and in combination at doses giving serum concentrations comparable to those achieved in patients was studied in rabbits with experimental Staphylococcus aureus endocarditis. The organism used was a penicillinase-producing, methicillin-susceptible, clinical isolate. The addition of gentamicin to nafcillin significantly increased the rate of killing of organisms in valvular vegetations, compared to the effect of nafcillin alone. Gentamicin alone delayed mortality but was not effective in reducing the bacterial populations of the vegetations. Bacteremia persisted in the animals treated with gentamicin alone, in contrast to the groups treated with nafcillin or the combination. Selection of a subpopulation of aminoglycoside-resistant small-colony variants occurred in animals treated with gentamicin alone. This variant was subsequently employed in the rabbit model and produced endocarditis, metastatic infection, and bacteremia comparable to those caused by the parent strain. Animals with infection produced by the variant died later than animals infected by the parent strain. Nafcillin was equally effective in reducing the population of both parent and variant strains in vitro and in therapy of the infected animals. Population studies showed the variant to be a mutant emerging at a rate of 1.9 x 10(-7). It was shown to differ from the parent strain in coagulase and hemolysin production, colonial morphology, and aminoglycoside susceptibility, but was similar by light and electron microscopy and in phage type, pigmentation of colonies, deoxyribonuclease production, mannitol fermentation, and growth rate.
Two‐dimensional gel mapping of small GTPases reveals transformation‐specific changes during oncogenesis (1994)

Epithelial cells transformed by oncogenes in vitro change their gene expression program, thereby losing features of cell polarity and cell adhesion. Using ras-transformed mammary epithelial cells, we have investigated the expression of other small GTP-binding proteins by high-resolution two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and direct GTP ligand binding after renaturing transfer onto nitrocellulose. Ras-transformed cells lost the expression of one epithelial-specific GTP-binding protein (21-22 kDa, pI 4.5-4.8) and instead expressed a fibroblast GTP-binding protein (21-22 kDa, pI 4.8-5.0).
Assembly of Photosynthetic Antenna Protein Complexes from Algae for Development of Nano-biodevice and Its Fuelization (2013)

Abstract : The purpose of this proposal is to use photosynthetic antenna pigment complex (LH) from algae in order to control the direction and orientation of the complex on electrodes with pattern for development of nanobiodevices (nanobiophotonics) and its fuelization. The advantage of these pigment complexes from algae as well as from plants and photosynthetic bacteria is its high efficiency of light-energy conversion throughout the near UV to near IR region and much higher durability using these methods than ordinary light-harvesting (LH) complex isolated from these photosynthetic membranes. Our goal is to use the LH as a light harvester of the well-established cell in order to construct an efficient energy transfer system analogous to photosynthetic antenna from algae for development of new type of nanobiodevices and nano-baiomaterial constructing fuelization's systems of hydrogen and carbon dioxide.
Development of a proof of concept immunochromatographic lateral flow assay for point of care diagnosis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (2013)

Though below the level of sensitivity the consortium had set for commercial development, the assay specifically identified M. tuberculosis-infected individuals, and provides a valuable proof of concept.
Optimal Location of Small Hydro Power Plants (SHPPS) at Distribution System by Using Voltage Sensitivity Index (2016)

This work presents a method to enhance the distribution network for both test and real systems by adding small hydro power plants (SHPPS). The voltage sensitivity index (VSI) was used to find the optimal locations to add small hydro power plants (SHPPS). The study has been applied to the system at unity and 0.9 lagging power factor. The test system is a standard IEEE 33-nodes radial distribution network. Maltab program was used to simulate the systems. The simulation results when connecting the (SHPPS) to the test system showed the improvement in voltage profile of the test system nodes in addition to power losses reduction. The reductions of the real and reactive power losses percentage reached (36%) and (14%) at unity power factor respectively, while at (0.9) lagging power factor, the reduction of the real and reactive power losses percentage were found (53%) and (56%) respectively.
Identifying Residual Structure in Intrinsically Disordered Systems: A 2D IR Spectroscopic Study of the GVGXPGVG Peptide (2012)

The peptide amide-I vibration of a proline turn encodes information on the turn structure. In this study, FTIR, two-dimensional IR spectroscopy and molecular dynamics simulations were employed to characterize the varying turn conformations that exist in the GVGXLPGVG family of disordered peptides. This analysis revealed that changing the size of the side chain at the X amino acid site from Gly to Ala to Val substantially alters the conformation of the peptide. To quantify this effect, proline peak shifts and intensity changes were compared to a structure-based spectroscopic model. These simulated spectra were used to assign the population of type-II β turns, bulged turns, and irregular β turns for each peptide. Of particular interest was the Val variant commonly found in the protein elastin, which contained a 25% population of irregular β turns containing two peptide hydrogen bonds to the proline C═O.
On‐chip label‐free impedance‐based detection of antibiotic permeation (2021)

Biosensors are analytical tools used for the analysis of biomaterial samples and provide an understanding about the biocomposition, structure, and function of biomolecules and/or biomechanisms by converting the biological response into an electrical and/or optical signal. In particular, with the rise in antibiotic resistance amongst pathogenic bacteria, the study of antibiotic activity and transport across cell membranes in the field of biosensors has been gaining widespread importance. Herein, for the rapid and label-free detection of antibiotic permeation across a membrane, a microelectrode integrated microfluidic device is presented. The integrated chip consists of polydimethylsiloxane based microfluidic channels bonded onto microelectrodes on-glass and enables us to recognize the antibiotic permeation across a membrane into the model membranes based on electrical impedance measurement, while also allowing optical monitoring. Impedance testing is label free and therefore allows the detection of both fluorescent and non-fluorescent antibiotics. As a model membrane, Giant Unilamellar Vesicles (GUVs) are used and impedance measurements were performed by a precision inductance, capacitance, and resistance metre. The measured signal recorded from the device was used to determine the change in concentration inside and outside of the GUVs. We have found that permeation of antibiotic molecules can be easily monitored over time using the proposed integrated device. The results also show a clear difference between bilayer permeation that occurs through the lipidic bilayer and porin-mediated permeation through the porin channels inserted in the lipid bilayer.
20.4: Displaced Filtering for Patterned Displays (2000)

Abstract This paper describes the filtering used in Microsoft ClearType. ClearType is a software system than enhances the resolution and readability of fonts on displays that contain a repeating pattern of addressable colored sub‐pixels. The filtering in ClearType is based on a perceptual model of human vision. The perceptual model leads to an optimization technique for finding the best output values. The results of the optimization can be approximated by pre‐filtering each color channel of an input image and then sampling each filtered color image at the spatial locations of the same colored sub‐pixels in the display. We refer to this filtering followed by displaced sampling as RGB decimation. RGB decimation eliminates the phase error caused by standard anti‐aliasing. A further approximation of the optimal filter yields RGB decimation with displaced box filters. Fourier analysis demonstrates that both the optimization technique and the displaced box filter suppress frequencies that contribute most to color fringing in unfiltered displaced sampling.
Comparative Genomics of the Dormancy Regulons in Mycobacteria (2011)

In response to stresses, Mycobacterium cells become dormant. This process is regulated by the DosR transcription factor. In Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the dormancy regulon is well characterized and contains the dosR gene itself and dosS and dosT genes encoding DosR kinases, nitroreductases (acg; Rv3131), diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGAT) (Rv3130c), and many universal stress proteins (USPs). In this study, we apply comparative genomic analysis to characterize the DosR regulons in nine Mycobacterium genomes, Rhodococcus sp. RHA1, Nocardia farcinica, and Saccharopolyspora erythraea. The regulons are highly labile, containing eight core gene groups (regulators, kinases, USPs, DGATs, nitroreductases, ferredoxins, heat shock proteins, and the orthologs of the predicted kinase [Rv2004c] from M. tuberculosis) and 10 additional genes with more restricted taxonomic distribution that are mostly involved in anaerobic respiration. The largest regulon is observed in M. marinum and the smallest in M. abscessus. Analysis of large gene families encoding USPs, nitroreductases, and DGATs demonstrates a mosaic distribution of regulated and nonregulated members, suggesting frequent acquisition and loss of DosR-binding sites.
Rat and Mouse Brain Tumor Models for Experimental Neuro-Oncology Research (2022)

Rodent brain tumor models have been useful for developing effective therapies for glioblastomas (GBMs). In this review, we first discuss the 3 most commonly used rat brain tumor models, the C6, 9L, and F98 gliomas, which are all induced by repeated injections of nitrosourea to adult rats. The C6 glioma arose in an outbred Wistar rat and its potential to evoke an alloimmune response is a serious limitation. The 9L gliosarcoma arose in a Fischer rat and is strongly immunogenic, which must be taken into consideration when using it for therapy studies. The F98 glioma may be the best of the 3 but it does not fully recapitulate human GBMs because it is weakly immunogenic. Next, we discuss a number of mouse models. The first are human patient-derived xenograft gliomas in immunodeficient mice. These have failed to reproduce the tumor-host interactions and microenvironment of human GBMs. Genetically engineered mouse models recapitulate the molecular alterations of GBMs in an immunocompetent environment and "humanized" mouse models repopulate with human immune cells. While the latter are rarely isogenic, expensive to produce, and challenging to use, they represent an important advance. The advantages and limitations of each of these brain tumor models are discussed. This information will assist investigators in selecting the most appropriate model for the specific focus of their research.
Accumulation and Persistence of Hepatitis B Virus Core Gene Deletion Mutants in Renal Transplant Patients Are Associated With End–Stage Liver Disease (1996)

In renal transplant recipients, chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection often leads to cirrhosis and liver failure. In this study, we investigated whether or not in these patients viral variants would emerge despite immunosuppression, and whether they are associated with a specific course of liver disease. In a population of 552 renal transplant recipients hepatitis B 24 surface antigen (HBsAg)-positive patients were available for a 2-year follow-up. By polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and DNA sequencing, HBV genomes with deletions in the middle of the core gene (C-gene) were found in 9 out of the 24 patients. Seven of the 9 patients (group I) showed either persistent or increasing amounts of these variants; all patients had cirrhosis, and 5 died of end-stage liver disease. The viral variants emerged at least 1 year before liver failure. In 2 out of the 9 patients, the core deletion variants disappeared, and no further deterioration of the liver function was observed thereafter. In the remaining 15 patients (group II) without deletion mutants detected at any time, only 3 had cirrhosis (P < .001, group I vs. II), and none died (P < .001). Between both groups, there were no statistically significant differences in the other relevant variables that were examined. These results indicate that HBV C-gene deletion mutants can accumulate in long-term immunosuppressed patients, and that their persistence is associated with progressive liver disease. The accumulation of these variants may be caused by the development of cirrhosis or could be involved in hepatopathogenesis.
Individualized Connectome-Targeted Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation for Neuropsychiatric Sequelae of Repetitive Traumatic Brain Injury in a Retired NFL Player (2019)

These results highlight the possibility of individualized neuromodulation and biomarker-based monitoring for neuropsychiatric sequelae of repetitive TBI.
A Methodological Framework for the Design of Research on the Evaluation of Residents (1990)

This paper describes a construct validation framework for research on the selection and evaluation of residents. The application of the proposed methodology to surgery residents is described. The need to measure non-cognitive and neuropsychological factors in addition to cognitive knowledge and technical ability is emphasized, and a research strategy that integrates theory formulation, internal validation, and external validation is presented. In this context, residents' competence is viewed as a multivariate construct that requires validation through longitudinal empirical studies and the use of multivariate statistical approaches.
Evaluation des tests sérologiques utilisés dans le cadre de la surveillance de la fièvre catarrhale du mouton en France (2003)

Depuis 1998, la fièvre catarrhale du mouton (bluetongue) peut être considérée comme une maladie emergente dans plusieurs pays européens du bassin méditerranéen (Îles Baléares, Italie, Grèce, Corse, etc.). En France, les deux épizooties de 2000 et 2001 ont conduit à la mise en place d'un programme de surveillance sérologique et entomologique de cette maladie vectorielle en Corse et sur le pourtour du bassin méditerranéen considéré comme une zone à risque. Les tests de diagnostic sérologiques utilisés se sont ainsi retrouvés au coeur du dispositif de veille et de suivi de la circulation virale. L'objet de cette étude était d'évaluer les performances de deux tests ELISA de compétition (cELISA) utilisés pour le diagnostic et le suivi de l'infection. Cette évaluation s'est basée sur les données sérologiques et virologiques (détection de l'ARN, viral par RT-PCR) collectées lors des deux campagnes de prophylaxie de 2000 et 2001. Des analyses ROC [1, 2] ont été réalisées en considérant la RT-PCR comme test de référence (gold standard). Les aires sous la courbe ROC obtenues étaient respectivement de 0,71 (IC à 95%: 0,60 - 0,81) et de 0,84 (IC à 95%: 0,73 - 0,96). Dans ce cadre, les seuils des tests cELISA ont été redéfinis afin d'optimiser leurs valeurs de sensibilité et spécificité. L'utilisation de ces tests est discutée en particulier par rapport à l'utilisation de la PCR comme test de référence. Des données supplémentaires sont nécessaires afin de préciser les qualités intrinsèques de ces tests, particulièrement pour leur utilisation comme outil de vigilance dans les zones indemnes. (Texte intégral)
Towards Faster-Than-Nyquist Transmission for Beyond 5G Wireless Communications (2019)

Faster-Than-Nyquist (FTN) is a technique that can improve the spectral efficiency of communication systems by making better use of available spectrum resources at the cost of inter-symbol interference (ISI) and inter-carrier interference (ICI). In this paper, we propose a hybrid signaling scheme for a practical application of FTN for MIMO transmission. We propose a new slot structure optimized for the hybrid signaling supporting both FTN signaling and orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) signaling. Specifically, in the proposed slot structure, data transmission is based on the FTN signaling and the pilot transmission is based on the OFDM signaling. Numerical results confirm that the proposed signaling scheme has clear benefit over the systems employing only OFDM or FTN signaling.
Acousto-electromagnetic interaction in the detection of buried objects (2002)

An analytical study of electromagnetic scattering from a dielectric cylinder buried beneath an acoustically excited interface is presented. The solution utilizes the spectral (plane-wave) representation of the fields and accounts for all the multiple interactions between the interface and the buried cylinder. First order coefficients from the small perturbation method are used for computation of the scattered fields from the rough surface. Results show that the illumination area should be made close to the size of the buried object of interest to reduce the interference caused by the rough surface.
ChemInform Abstract: Biomimetic Reactions Catalyzed by Cyclodextrins and Their Derivatives (1998)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.