gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Design of Multimaterial Compliant Mechanisms Using Level-Set Methods (2005)

A monolithic compliant mechanism transmits applied forces from specified input ports to output ports by elastic deformation of its comprising materials, fulfilling required functions analogous to a rigid-body mechanism. In this paper, we propose a level-set method for designing monolithic compliant mechanisms made of multiple materials as an optimization of continuum heterogeneous structures. Central to the method is a multiphase level-set model that precisely specifies the distinct material regions and their sharp interfaces as well as the geometric boundary of the structure. Combined with the classical shape derivatives, the level-set method yields an Eulerian computational system of geometric partial differential equations, capable of performing topological changes and capturing geometric evolutions at the interface and the boundary. The proposed method is demonstrated for single-input and single-output mechanisms and illustrated with several two-dimensional examples of synthesis of multimaterial mechanisms of force inverters and gripping and clamping devices. An analysis on the formation of de facto hinges is presented based on the shape gradient information. A scheme to ensure a well-connected topology of the mechanism during the process of optimization is also presented.
Evaluation of fundamental radionuclide extraction data for UREX (2008)

The speciation of technetium and actinides in advanced solvent extraction systems is the basis for their manipulation in separations. The ability to understand and predict radionuclide speciation is paramount to successful modeling of proposed separation systems. This project will examine the speciation of radionuclides in different stages of the UREX separation scheme, providing data useful to modeling. The areas to be examined include the speciation of U and Pu with tributylphosphate and the kinetics and thermodynamics of lanthanides and actinides in the TALSPEAK system. The complexation constants of U and Pu with tributylphosphate will be evaluated. In the TALSPEAK system, studies will elucidate the difference in complexation kinetics for the lanthanides and actinides. Computational studies based on density functional theory will be performed for both systems.
Infected Endoluminal Stent-Graft: Implications for Endotension, Late Endoleaks, and Prophylactic Antibiotics (2005)

Stent-graft infection may be a cause of unexplained endotension. Special culture techniques may be required to identify the infecting organism. Prophylactic antibiotics against skin organisms should be considered for all implantations and arterial diagnostic and therapeutic procedures traversing a stent-graft.
Predictors of response to Gamma Knife radiosurgery for intracranial meningiomas (2015)

Volume-based reporting of SRS outcomes for meningiomas may be a more accurate method given the complex morphology of some lesions. The conformity index was identified as a predictor of edema following radiosurgery.
Methanosarcina acetivorans sp. nov., an Acetotrophic Methane-Producing Bacterium Isolated from Marine Sediments (1984)

A new acetotrophic marine methane-producing bacterium that was isolated from the methane-evolving sediments of a marine canyon is described. Exponential phase cultures grown with sodium acetate contained irregularly shaped cocci that aggregated in the early stationary phase and finally differentiated into communal cysts that released individual cocci when ruptured or transferred to fresh medium. The irregularly shaped cocci (1.9 +/- 0.2 mm in diameter) were gram negative and occurred singly or in pairs. Cells were nonmotile, but possessed a single fimbria-like structure. Micrographs of thin sections showed a monolayered cell wall approximately 10 nm thick that consisted of protein subunits. The cells in aggregates were separated by visible septation. The communal cysts contained several single cocci encased in a common envelope. An amorphous form of the communal cyst that had incomplete septation and internal membrane-like vesicles was also present in late exponential phase cultures. Sodium acetate, methanol, methylamine, dimethylamine, and trimethylamine were substrates for growth and methanogenesis; H(2)-CO(2) (80:20) and sodium formate were not. The optimal growth temperature was 35 to 40 degrees C. The optimal pH range was 6.5 to 7.0. Both NaCl and Mg were required for growth, with maximum growth rates at 0.2 M NaCl and 0.05 M MgSO(4). The DNA base composition was 41 +/- 1% guanine plus cytosine. Methanosarcina acetivorans is the proposed species. C2A is the type strain (DSM 2834, ATCC 35395).
An Information Theoretic Measure of Judea Pearl's Identifiability and\n Causal Influence (2013)

In this paper, we define a new information theoretic measure that we call the\n"uprooted information". We show that a necessary and sufficient condition for a\nprobability $P(s|do(t))$ to be "identifiable" (in the sense of Pearl) in a\ngraph $G$ is that its uprooted information be non-negative for all models of\nthe graph $G$. In this paper, we also give a new algorithm for deciding, for a\nBayesian net that is semi-Markovian, whether a probability $P(s|do(t))$ is\nidentifiable, and, if it is identifiable, for expressing it without allusions\nto confounding variables. Our algorithm is closely based on a previous\nalgorithm by Tian and Pearl, but seems to correct a small flaw in theirs. In\nthis paper, we also find a {\\it necessary and sufficient graphical condition}\nfor a probability $P(s|do(t))$ to be identifiable when $t$ is a singleton set.\nSo far, in the prior literature, it appears that only a {\\it sufficient\ngraphical condition} has been given for this. By "graphical" we mean that it is\ndirectly based on Judea Pearl's 3 rules of do-calculus.\n
Seedlings on old citrus soils: Effect of water, acid, alkali, and alcohol leaching of old citrus soils on growth of citrus seedlings (1950)

Orange, lemon, and grapefruit trees in most southern California citrus-producing areas do not grow so well when planted in soil previously cropped to citrus as when planted in a soil for the first time.
State of Charge (SOC) and State of Health (SOH) estimation on lithium polymer battery via Kalman filter (2016)

To avoid battery failure and keep the battery lifetime, a system needs control its use by considering two of several parameters of Battery Management System (BMS) such as State of Charge (SOH) and State of Health (SOH). The State of Charge in Battery Management System provides the percentage of battery capacity, while the State Of Health measures the battery health. The Thevenin battery model is used to describe polarization characteristic and dynamic behavior of the battery and estimared using KalmanFilter(KF). Parameters in the model were estimated using Recursive Least Square. As the results, KF is better then RLS to estimate SOH with a mean relative error as much as 5.26% while RLS has 7.08%.
Lithium-based antioxidants: electrochemical properties and influence on immune cells (2015)

Introduction: Lithium salts are known as effective psychotropic medicine for treatment bipolar disorder and may be used to treat alcoholism, schizoaffective disorders, and cluster headaches. The antioxidant activity and immunomodulatory effects of prospective lithium compounds have been investigated in this work. Materials and Methods: The antioxidant properties were studied by the voltammetry method. Influence of the lithium compounds on the immune cells of human blood were determined by measuring phagocytic activity of leucocytes and by the rate of blastic transformation of lymphocytes.
Pathway Complexity in the Stacking of Imine-Linked Macrocycles Related to Two-Dimensional Covalent Organic Frameworks (2019)

Interlayer interactions play an important role in the formation of two-dimensional covalent organic frameworks (2D COFs), yet the effects of monomer structure on COF formation, crystallinity, and susceptibility to exfoliation are not well understood. Here we probe these effects by studying the stacking behavior of imine-linked macrocycles that represent discrete models of 2D COFs. Specifically, macrocycles based on terephthaldehyde (PDA) or 2,5-dimethoxyterephthaldehyde (DMPDA) stack upon cooling molecularly dissolved solutions. Both macrocycles assemble cooperatively with similar ΔHe values of −97 kJ/mol and −101 kJ/mol, respectively, although the DMPDA macrocycle assembly process showed a more straightforward temperature dependence. Density functional theory calculations of the stacking of PDA macrocycles suggested two stable configurations that were close in energy. Circular dichroism spectroscopy performed on macrocycles bearing chiral side chains revealed a helix reversion process for the PDA macrocycles that was not observed for the DMPDA macrocycles. Given the structural similarity of these monomers, these findings demonstrate that the stacking processes associated with nanotubes derived from these macrocycles, as well as for the corresponding COFs, are complex and susceptible to kinetic traps, casting doubt on the relevance of thermodynamic arguments for improving materials quality. Rather, a deeper understanding of the mechanism of supramolecular polymerization and its interplay with polymerization and error correction during COF synthesis is needed for improved control of the crystallinity and morphology of these emerging materials.
ICUS, IDUS, CHIP and CCUS: Diagnostic Criteria, Separation from MDS and Clinical Implications (2018)

Various myeloid neoplasms, including the myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS), bear a certain risk of progression to secondary acute myeloid leukemia (sAML). The evolution from low-risk to high-risk MDS and finally to sAML suggests that leukemogenesis is a multistep process. However, even before an overt neoplasm, such as an MDS, develops, "prediagnostic" clonal conditions may be identified. With the advent of large-scale genomic screens, such conditions may be detected quite frequently and early in apparently healthy individuals. Recent data suggest that these conditions increase with age and are indeed associated with an increased risk of the occurrence of MDS or another myeloid neoplasm. In other patients, unexplained cytopenia may be detected and may precede MDS. More recently, diagnostic criteria for potential pre-MDS conditions, including idiopathic cytopenia of uncertain significance and clonal hematopoiesis with indeterminate potential, have been proposed. The current article provides an overview of pre-MDS states and related criteria through which these conditions can be discriminated from each other and from MDS. In addition, the clinical implications and management of pre-MDS states are discussed.
Carbon nanotube alignment using meniscus action (2009)

Effective, large-scale alignment of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) is necessary for making them a useful nanoelectronic technology. While techniques have been developed to align SWNTs during growth or through dielectrophoresis, no technique to date can align SWNTs on a large-scale while controlling SWNT density and taking advantage of chirally pure SWNTs. We present a novel alignment technique using mechanical action only through lateral meniscus movement between a hydrophobic and hydrophilic surface. The SWNTs have an average alignment of 94.6±31.9° relative to the meniscus motion direction, with a SWNT density of ~7 SWNTs/μm. We also show that that our technique can easily be extended to a larger, manufacturing-type process.
Membrane lipid profile monitored by mass spectrometry detected differences between fresh and vitrifiedin vitro-produced bovine embryos (2014)

This study aimed to evaluate the impact of vitrification on membrane lipid profile obtained by mass spectrometry (MS) of in vitro-produced bovine embryos. Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS) has been used to obtain individual embryo membrane lipid profiles. Due to conditions of analysis, mainly membrane lipids, most favorably phosphatidylcholines (PCs) and sphingomyelins (SMs) have been detected. The following ions described by their mass-to-charge ratio (m/z) and respective attribution presented increased relative abundance (1.2-20×) in the vitrified group: 703.5 [SM (16:0) + H]+; 722.5 [PC (40:3) + Na]+; 758.5 [PC (34:2) + H]+; 762.5 [PC (34:0) + H]+; 790.5 [PC (36:0) + H]+ and 810.5 [PC (38:4) + H]+ and/or [PC (36:1) + Na]+. The ion with a m/z 744.5 [PCp (34:1) and/or PCe (34:2)] was 3.4-fold more abundant in the fresh group. Interestingly, ions with m/z 722.5 or 744.5 indicate the presence of lipid species, which are more resistant to enzymatic degradation as they contain fatty acyl residues linked through ether type bonds (alkyl ether or plasmalogens, indicated by the lowercase 'e' and 'p', respectively) to the glycerol structure. The results indicate that cryopreservation impacts the membrane lipid profile, and that these alterations can be properly monitored by MALDI-MS. Membrane lipids can therefore be evaluated by MALDI-MS to monitor the effect of cryopreservation on membrane lipids, and to investigate changes in lipid profile that may reflect the metabolic response to the cryopreservation stress or changes in the environmental conditions.
A shaft-to-digital encoder (1954)

The increasing application of digital techniques, particularly in control systems, has heightened the need for a device capable of translating shaft position into a digital representation. A survey of technical literature of the past several years indicates that many approaches to such a device have been made. This paper is presented to describe what is believed to be a unique approach to the problem of shaft-to-digital conversion.
Mobile Health Intervention to Reduce HIV Transmission: A Randomized Trial of Behaviorally Enhanced HIV Treatment as Prevention (B-TasP) (2018)

Theory-based mobile health behavioral interventions can simultaneously improve cART adherence and sexual health in people living with HIV. Programs aimed to eliminate HIV transmission by reducing HIV infectiousness should be bundled with behavioral interventions to maximize their impact and increase their chances of success.
Active objects: a paradigm for communications and event driven systems (2002)

Current techniques for handling events, such as the "callback functions" approach, present some limitations to the development of network software, communication layered protocols, graphical interfaces for real-time applications and multimedia. These techniques lack the mechanisms for data flow structuring, for the interaction between different events and for finite state machine design. This paper presents a paradigm, based on the concept of active objects, that provides a new way of designing event driven applications. The concurrent and object-oriented capabilities of this approach make it particularly useful for facilitating the construction of complex event driven systems.
Performance of Conjugate and Zero-Forcing Beamforming in Large-Scale Antenna Systems (2013)

Large-Scale Antenna Systems (LSAS) is a form of multi-user MIMO technology in which unprecedented numbers of antennas serve a significantly smaller number of autonomous terminals. We compare the two most prominent linear pre-coders, conjugate beamforming and zero-forcing, with respect to net spectral-efficiency and radiated energy-efficiency in a simplified single-cell scenario where propagation is governed by independent Rayleigh fading, and where channel-state information (CSI) acquisition and data transmission are both performed during a short coherence interval. An effective-noise analysis of the pre-coded forward channel yields explicit lower bounds on net capacity which account for CSI acquisition overhead and errors as well as the sub-optimality of the pre-coders. In turn the bounds generate trade-off curves between radiated energy-efficiency and net spectral-efficiency. For high spectral-efficiency and low energy-efficiency zero-forcing outperforms conjugate beamforming, while at low spectral-efficiency and high energy-efficiency the opposite holds. Surprisingly, in an optimized system, the total LSAS-critical computational burden of conjugate beamforming may be greater than that of zero-forcing. Conjugate beamforming may still be preferable to zero-forcing because of its greater robustness, and because conjugate beamforming lends itself to a de-centralized architecture and de-centralized signal processing.
Decoupling eye and hand movement control: Visual short-term memory influences reach planning more than saccade planning (2012)

When reaching for objects, humans make saccades to fixate the object at or near the time the hand begins to move. In order to address whether the CNS relies on a common representation of target positions to plan both saccades and hand movements, we quantified the contributions of visual short-term memory (VSTM) to hand and eye movements executed during the same coordinated actions. Subjects performed a sequential movement task in which they picked up one of two objects on the right side of a virtual display (the "weapon"), moved it to the left side of the display (to a "reloading station") and then moved it back to the right side to hit the other object (the target). On some trials, the target was perturbed by 1° of visual angle while subjects moved the weapon to the reloading station. Although subjects did not notice the change, the original position of the target, encoded in VSTM, influenced the motor plans for both the hand and the eye back to the target. Memory influenced motor plans for distant targets more than for near targets, indicating that sensorimotor planning is sensitive to the reliability of available information; however, memory had a larger influence on hand movements than on eye movements. This suggests that spatial planning for coordinated saccades and hand movements are dissociated at the level of processing at which online visual information is integrated with information in short-term memory.
An investigation into the durability of screen-printed conductive tracks on textiles (2014)

This paper examines the durability of screen-printed conductive tracks on textiles. These tracks are composed of a silver polymer paste as a conductive layer, which is fully encapsulated with polyurethane. The polyurethane materials and layer structures used to encapsulate the textile are varied and each structure is tested in a cyclic mandrel machine to simulate the effects of normal wear and tear. These results are compared to a MATLAB model of the strain in the conductive track, relating the predicted strain on the conductive layer to the measured resistance change. From these results, a batch of structures with high durability are fabricated and these are machine washed. It was found that 97.1% of the conductive tracks remained conductive after ten domestic machine washes with a 1 kg load at 40 °C and 1000 rpm spin speed. This compares with 8.9% which remained conductive before optimization. This optimization process has therefore led to over ten times improvement in durability for screen-printed conductive tracks on textiles.
The misadventures of a regulatory potential. Review of the Book by Eugenia Dolgova “Rozhdenie sovetskoi nauki: uchenye v 1920– 1930-e gg.” [The Birth of Soviet Science: Scientists in the 1920s–1930s] (2022)

Eugenia Dolgova’s book aroused great interest of the scientific community in general. The goal of the book is to find answers to important questions: what is the dynamics of the state of the scientific community; what are the new social groups that entered the scientific community; was the role of the ideological factor and the importance of the party card for a scientific career great enough; how did the public role of a scientist and the social demand for this profession change in the period under study; and, in general, what position did science occupy in Soviet society? The review underlines the importance of the monograph as an extraordinary and successful attempt to create a multidimensional social portrait of the scientific community of the USSR against the background of the turbulent era of the 1920s - 1930s. The author has collected aunique historical material about the scientific workers of those years. The book is addressed to everyone interested in the history of science, the history of Russia of the Soviet period, social history - first of all, the history of the scientific community.
Optimized Group Rekey for Group Communications Systems (1999)

In this paper we describe an efficient algorithm for the management of group keys. Our algorithm is based on a protocol for secure IP-multicast and is used to manage group-keys in group-communications systems. Unlike prior work, based on centralized key-servers, our solution is completely distributed and fault-tolerant, and its performance is comparable to the centralized solution.
Integrated InP based modelocked lasers and pulse shapers (2013)

In this paper we present recent results obtained in the area of monolithically integrated modelocked semiconductor laser systems using generic InP based integration platform technology operating around 1550nm. Standardized components defined in this technology platform can be used to design and realize short pulse lasers and optical pulse shapers. This makes that these devices can be realized on wafers that can contain many other devices. In the area of short pulse lasers we report design studies based on measured optical amplifier performance data. This work has the ultimate goal to establish a library of widely applicable short pulse laser designs. Such lasers can include components for e.g. wavelength control. An important boundary condition on the laser design is that the laser can be located anywhere on the InP chip. In the area of pulse shaping we report on a 20 channel monolithic pulse shaper capable of phase and amplitude control in each channel. Special attention is given to the calibration of the phase modulator and amplifier settings. Pulse compression and manipulation of pulse generated from modelocked semiconductor lasers is demonstrated using a 40 GHz quantum dash modelocked laser.
Rapid-Stretch Injury to Peripheral Nerves: Histologic Results (2019)

Nerve architecture is injured in a graded fashion during stretch injury, which likely reflects tissue biomechanics. This study suggests new considerations in the theoretical framework of nerve stretch trauma.
Dynamically Modelling Rock Failure in Percussion Drilling (2005)

Percussion drilling attracts the oil and gas industries for its potential to provide faster rate of penetration (ROP) than traditional rotary drilling, especially in hard formations. However, frequent mechanical failures, poor understanding and therefore control of drilling operations have limited its applications in the field. The objective of this research is to advance the fundamental understandings of the physical mechanisms involved in percussion drilling, thereby facilitating more efficient and lower cost drilling and exploration of hard-rock reservoirs. A geomechanical model is presented in this paper to simulate the percussion drilling process. The numerical simulation for rock failure is based on a Mohr-Coulomb model with strain-softening behavior, Rayleigh damping to dissipate excessive oscillation energy, and a fatigue/damage algorithm to update rock properties due to cyclic loading. Important mechanisms for rock failure during percussion drilling, such as aggressive tensile failure due to wave reflection at the rock impact surface, compressive failure due to high axial loading stress, and rock fatigue due to cyclic loading, are captured in the simulation. The insights gained from this study improve the understanding of percussion drilling, and may facilitate development of a simulation tool to better characterize this promising technology.