gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Evidence for the Origin of the Ethyl Group of β-Sitosterol (1963)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTEvidence for the Origin of the Ethyl Group of β-SitosterolMargaret. Castle, George. Blondin, and William R. NesCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1963, 85, 20, 3306–3308Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1963Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1963https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00903a063RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views58Altmetric-Citations94LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (426 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
A transformational approach to generating application-specific environments (1992)

Current software development environments tend to lie at opposite ends of a spectrum: at one extreme are specialized application generators; at the other are general-purpose programming environments. The former provide strong support for system development and reuse, but are costly to build and available only for limited domains. The latter provide weak support, but are generally available and universally applicable. We describe a technique for automating the production of application-specific environments that lie between these two extremes. The key idea is that these environments can be derived from general-purpose programming environments by a process of structured transformation. We describe a tool for performing these transformations. It provides a set of formal operators for specializing a description of a general-purpose environment; as operators are applied, the system semi-automatically builds a set of transformation rules used to translate application-specific programs into those of the original general-purpose environment. The output of the tool is an application-specific environment together with a program transformer that provides execution semantics for programs written in that environment.
Unusual Roentgenographic Presentation of Lung Cancer in aPregnant Woman with Acute Respiratory Failure (1995)

Diagnostic procedures in pregnant wowen is limited and is usually delayed, especially so if she is on mechanical ventilation. A 28-year-old pregnant woman with severe dyspnea was referred to our hopital under the impression of miliary tuberculosis. The respiratory failure was so severe that patient had to be managed with mechanical ventilator under clinical imression of overwhelming pneumonia or pulmonary tuberculosis. But the patient's conditions deteriorated. Bronchoscopy and blind transbronchial lung biopsy performed to determine the nature of the etiology, and to our surprise, revealed squamous cell carcinoma of the lung.
MAGNETOSTRICTION TRANSDUCERS OF ACOUSTIC EMISSION, IMPULSE, VIBRATION, AND NOISE ANALYSIS (1971)

MAGNETOSTRICTIVE TRANSDUCERS OFFER AN ALTERNATIVE TO PIEZOELECTRIC TRANSDUCERS FOR USE IN ACOUSTIC EMISSION, VIBRATION, AND NOISE ANALYSIS. THEY ARE FINDING WIDER USE IN ULTRASONIC MEASUREMENT OF ELASTIC MODULI AND TEMPERATURE, AND AS COMPONENTS IN AN ACOUSTIC EMISSION SIMULATION TEST SET. MAGNETOSTRUCTIVE MATERIALS INCLUDE NICKEL AND NICKEL ALLOYS (E.G. PERMENDUR, REMENDUR, ELINVAR). SUCH MATERIALS MAY BE PREFERRED TO PIEZOELECTRIC IN CASES (1) WHERE HIGH TEMPERATURE OR NUCLEAR RADIATION OR BOTH ARE PRESENT, (2) WHERE REMOTE SENSING IS REQUIRED, (3) WHERE THE PART TO BE MONITORED IS ROTATING. MAGNETOSTRICTION TRANSDUCERS RESPOND TO FREQUENCIES UP TO APPROXIMATELY MHZ. BANDWIDTH IS CONTROLLED THROUGH CHOICE OF GEOMETRY. MECHANICALLY, MAGNETOSTRICTIVE METALS ARE MUCH MORE RUGGED THAN PIEZOELECTRIC CERAMICS. /AUTHOR/
Velocity of Conduction Between Columns and Layers in Barrel Cortex Reported by Parvalbumin Interneurons (2022)

Abstract Inhibitory interneurons that express parvalbumin (PV) play critical roles throughout the brain. Their rapid-spiking characteristics enable them to control the dynamics of neural circuits across a range of time scales, but the timing of their activation by different cortical pathways remains unclear. Here, we use a genetically encoded hybrid voltage sensor, hVOS, to image PV interneuron voltage changes with sub-millisecond precision in primary somatosensory barrel cortex (BC) of adult male and female mice. Electrical stimulation evoked depolarizing responses with a latency that increased with distance from the stimulating electrode, allowing us to determine conduction velocity. By focusing on conduction between cortical layers or between barrel columns we were able to measure interlaminar or intralaminar conduction velocity, respectively. Velocities ranged from 74 to 473 μm/msec depending on trajectory, and we found that interlaminar conduction velocity was about 71% faster than intralaminar conduction velocity. This suggests that computations within columns can be processed more rapidly than between columns. BC circuitry integrates thalamic and intracortical input for a variety of functions including texture discrimination and sensory tuning. The difference in timing between intra- and interlaminar activation of PV interneurons could impact these functions. This study illustrates how hVOS imaging of PV interneuron electrical activity can reveal differences in the dynamics of signaling within different elements of cortical circuitry, and this approach offers a unique opportunity to investigate conduction in populations of axons based on their targeting specificity.
Gastroprotection induced by capsaicin in healthy human subjects. (2005)

Capsaicin in low concentration range protects against gastric injuries induced by ethanol or IND, which is attributed to stimulation of the sensory nerve endings.
Urban Community Action Planning Inspires Teenagers to Transform Their Community and Their Identity (2000)

ABSTRACT This paper discusses the way a participatory community development technique, Urban Community Action Planning (UCAP), transformed a group of city teenagers into community planners. This teen group, Teen Inspirators, On the Move, formed in response to a community need for more youth activities and programming. This need was identified during a Community Planning Initiative sponsored by the Oak Hill Community Development Corporation located in Worcester, Massachusetts. The Teen Inspirators committed themselves to revitalizing their community and changing their own image in the neighborhood. Participatory planning techniques gave youth the voice, power, and tools to accomplish these goals.
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection during pregnancy induces CD4 T‐cell differentiation and modulates responses to Bacille Calmette‐Guérin (BCG) vaccine in HIV‐uninfected infants (2009)

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-negative infants born to HIV-positive mothers frequently exhibit a range of immunological abnormalities. We tested the hypothesis that HIV during pregnancy affects the ability of CD4 T cells of HIV-negative infants to respond to vaccine challenge by recruiting HIV-negative infants born to HIV-negative and HIV-positive mothers and measuring their responses to Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine given at birth. At 2 weeks, maternal HIV status did not influence CD4 T-cell counts or differentiation, but by 10 weeks CD4 counts of infants born to HIV-positive mothers fell to a level characteristic of HIV-positive infants. Among the CD4 T-cell populations, markers of differentiation (CCR7(-) CD45RA(-) CD27(-)) and senescence (CD57, PD-1) were more common among infants born to HIV-positive mothers than among infants born to HIV-negative mothers. At 2 weeks of age, we assessed the effector response to heat-killed BCG and tuberculin purified protein derivative (PPD) by overnight interferon (IFN)-gamma enzyme-linked immunosorbent spot-forming cell assay (ELISpot), but found no measurable effect of maternal HIV status. At 10 weeks, we assessed CD4 T-cell memory by measuring proliferation in response to the same antigens. We observed a bimodal response that allowed infants to be classified as high or low responders and found that fewer infants born to HIV-positive mothers were able to mount a robust proliferative response, suggesting that their reduced CD4 counts and increased differentiation indicated a deficiency in their ability to develop immunological memory.
DRAM errors in the wild (2011)

Errors in dynamic random access memory (DRAM) are a common form of hardware failure in modern compute clusters. Failures are costly both in terms of hardware replacement costs and service disruption. While a large body of work exists on DRAM in laboratory conditions, little has been reported on real DRAM failures in large production clusters. In this paper, we analyze measurements of memory errors in a large fleet of commodity servers over a period of 2.5 years. The collected data covers multiple vendors, DRAM capacities and technologies, and comprises many millions of dual in-line memory module (DIMM) days. The goal of this paper is to answer questions such as the following: How common are memory errors in practice? What are their statistical properties? How are they affected by external factors, such as temperature and utilization, and by chip-specific factors, such as chip density, memory technology, and DIMM age? We find that DRAM error behavior in the field differs in many key aspects from commonly held assumptions. For example, we observe DRAM error rates that are orders of magnitude higher than previously reported, with 25,000--70,000 errors per billion device hours per Mb and more than 8% of DIMMs affected by errors per year. We provide strong evidence that memory errors are dominated by hard errors, rather than soft errors, which previous work suspects to be the dominant error mode. We find that temperature, known to strongly impact DIMM error rates in lab conditions, has a surprisingly small effect on error behavior in the field, when taking all other factors into account. Finally, unlike commonly feared, we do not observe any indication that newer generations of DIMMs have worse error behavior.
Highly Efficient Deep‐Blue Electrophosphorescence Enabled by Solution‐Processed Bipolar Tetraarylsilane Host with Both a High Triplet Energy and a High‐Lying HOMO Level (2011)

A new bipolar tetraarylsilane derivative with both a sufficiently high triplet energy and a high-lying highest occupied molecular orbital energy level is presented as an excellent host for the deep-blue phosphor. A solution-processed FIr6-based deep-blue phosphorescent organic light-emitting diode (PhOLED) is realized with high efficiency and low efficiency roll-off. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Chemical entity extraction using CRF and an ensemble of extractors (2015)

Ensemble information extraction is effective when multiple stand alone extractors are to be used, and produces higher performance than individual off the shelf extractors. The novel features introduced in the single CRF model are sufficient to achieve very competitive F1 score using a simple standalone extractor.
Treatment effects on deep levels in CdTe based solar cells (2003)

This paper presents capacitance-voltage, admittance spectroscopy, and drive-level capacitance profiling (DLCP) data on CdTe solar cells prepared with and without standard treatments (CdCl/sub 2/ treatment and/or BrMeOH etch). The DLCP technique confirmed previous results and added the ability to measure deep trapping state spatial distributions. The concentrations and depth profiles of the deep states observed depended upon the treatments used. High concentrations (>1/spl times/10/sup 15/ cm/sup -3/) of trapping states with a variety of characteristic frequencies exist in all cells studied. The sample with neither standard treatment had the lowest concentration of deep trapping states.
Recognition of Tennis Serve Performed by a Digital Player: Comparison among Polygon, Shadow, and Stick-Figure Models (2012)

The objective of this study was to assess the cognitive effect of human character models on the observer's ability to extract relevant information from computer graphics animation of tennis serve motions. Three digital human models (polygon, shadow, and stick-figure) were used to display the computationally simulated serve motions, which were perturbed at the racket-arm by modulating the speed (slower or faster) of one of the joint rotations (wrist, elbow, or shoulder). Twenty-one experienced tennis players and 21 novices made discrimination responses about the modulated joint and also specified the perceived swing speeds on a visual analogue scale. The result showed that the discrimination accuracies of the experienced players were both above and below chance level depending on the modulated joint whereas those of the novices mostly remained at chance or guessing levels. As far as the experienced players were concerned, the polygon model decreased the discrimination accuracy as compared with the stick-figure model. This suggests that the complicated pictorial information may have a distracting effect on the recognition of the observed action. On the other hand, the perceived swing speed of the perturbed motion relative to the control was lower for the stick-figure model than for the polygon model regardless of the skill level. This result suggests that the simplified visual information can bias the perception of the motion speed toward slower. It was also shown that the increasing the joint rotation speed increased the perceived swing speed, although the resulting racket velocity had little correlation with this speed sensation. Collectively, observer's recognition of the motion pattern and perception of the motion speed can be affected by the pictorial information of the human model as well as by the perturbation processing applied to the observed motion.
Calibration of mass spectrometers for quantitative gas mixture analysis (1987)

Quantitative analysis of gas mixtures from sources external to a mass spectrometer (MS) requires vacuum hardware that systematically introduces the gas to the ionization region of the MS and calibration procedures that reflect the MS response to time dependent partial pressures in the gas source. Formalism for describing the gas flow, fractionation processes, and the ionization process is presented. Long-term sensitivity data for D2 is presented for three types of mass spectrometers: a quadrupole, a cycloid, and a magnetic sector mass spectrometer. The use of appropriate standard gas mixtures to monitor the accuracy of the MS calibration by control chart is advocated. Bias data from control charts can be used as the basis for minor calibration adjustments rather than total recalibration.
Deduction of isosteric heats of adsorption from constant volume experiments (1979)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDeduction of isosteric heats of adsorption from constant volume experimentsE. RuckensteinCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1979, 83, 16, 2120–2122Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1979Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1979https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100479a013https://doi.org/10.1021/j100479a013research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views69Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
INTRAVITREAL TRIAMCINOLONE AND BEVACIZUMAB THERAPY FOR COMBINED PAPILLOPHLEBITIS AND CENTRAL RETINAL ARTERY OCCLUSION (2010)

Although the visual prognosis of a combined central retinal artery and vein occlusion is generally poor, our patient experienced an excellent visual recovery more than 1 month after prompt standard of care and a combined intravitreal triamcinolone and bevacizumab injection. Further investigation is necessary to support the efficacy and safety of this approach.
Investigation of different nitrogen reduction routes and their key microbial players in wood chip-driven denitrification beds (2017)

Field denitrification beds containing polymeric plant material are increasingly used to eliminate nitrate from agricultural drainage water. They mirror a number of anoxic ecosystems. However, knowledge of the microbial composition, the interaction of microbial species, and the carbon degradation processes within these denitrification systems is sparse. This study revealed several new aspects of the carbon and nitrogen cycle, and these findings can be correlated with the dynamics of the microbial community composition and the activity of key species. Members of the order Pseudomonadales seem to be important players in denitrification at low nitrate concentrations, while a switch to higher nitrate concentrations seems to select for members of the orders Rhodocyclales and Rhizobiales. We observed that high nitrate loading rates lead to an unpredictable transition of the community's activity from denitrification to dissimilatory reduction of nitrate to ammonium (DNRA). This transition is mirrored by an increase in transcripts of the nitrite reductase gene nrfAH and the increase correlates with the activity of members of the order Ignavibacteriales. Denitrification reactors sustained the development of an archaeal community consisting of members of the Bathyarchaeota and methanogens belonging to the Euryarchaeota. Unexpectedly, the activity of the methanogens positively correlated with the nitrate loading rates.
Оксифильно-клеточные опухоли щитовидной железы (2008)

The diagnosis and treatment of oxyphillc-cell tumors (OCT) of the thyroid have been the subject of much controversy. The authors describe 11 years' experience in treating 159 patients with OCTs, of them there were 102(64%) adenomas, 15 (9%) follicular carcinomas, 38 (24%) papillary carcinomas, and 4 (2.5%) tumors of unknown malignancy potential. Among the follicular carcinomas, their miniinvasive forms were prevalent (11/15; 73%). The size of follicular carcinomas was significantly more than that of adenomas (36.5 vs 17 mm; p < 0.001) and that of widely invasive carcinomas was more than miniinvasive ones (50.5 vs 33 mm; p < 0.04). In papillary thyroid carcinoma, multiple foci were found in 3S%, extrathyroid invasion In 10%, and regional metastases in 36%. No distant metastases were detected in any of the patients with papillary or follicular carcinomas. OCT commonly developed in the presence of thyroiditis (papillary carcinoma in 74% of cases, adenoma in 40%, and follicular carcinoma in 33%). Multiple adenomas (12%) and a concomitance of adenomas and papillary carcinoma (20%) were frequently encountered. Surgical treatment was made as thyroidectomy (31%), hemithyroidectomy (64%), subtotal thyroidectomy (5%) supplemented by cervical fat excision (44%). Among 102 patients followed up for 6-126 months (median 24 months), a relapse was detected in 4 (4%) patients, including 3 patients with multifocal adenomas and associated papillary carcinoma after hemithyroidectomy (in the residual tissue (n = 3) and lymph node metastases (n = 2) and 1 patient after thyroidectomy (cervical lymph nodes). The clinical behavior of cancer arising from oxyphilic cells is similar to that of поп-oxyphilic cancer. Hemithyroidectomy suffices in solitary OCT without signs of extrathyroid invasion and regional or distant metastases. Thyroidectomy is recommended for multiple tumors because of the high relapse rate (33%) in residual tissue.
Severe infections in sarcoidosis (2017)

Sarcoidosis is associated with cell-mediated immunodeficiency and treatment of symptomatic sarcoidosis usually includes systemic immunosuppressants. Data relative to incidence, prognosis factors, and outcome of infections are scarce.Retrospective cohort study of 585 patients with biopsy proven sarcoidosis in a tertiary referral specialist clinic, with a nested case-control analysis. Twenty nine patients (4.9%) with severe infections were compared to 116 controls subjects with sarcoidosis, matched according to their gender, ethnicity, age at diagnosis, and treatment with corticosteroids.After a median follow-up of 8 years [range; 1-46], 38 severe infections [mycobacterial infections (n = 14), fungal infections (n = 10), bacterial (n = 8), viral (n = 3) and parasitic (n = 1)] were observed in 30 patients. The incidence of severe infections was 0.71% persons-year (CI 95% 0.5-0.98) and 0.43% persons-year (CI 95% 0.27-0.66). Patients with severe infection were more frequently of male gender (60% vs 46%) and were more likely treated by ≥ 3 immunosuppressive agents (OR = 3.8, IC 95% [1.5-9.64], P = .005) and by cyclophosphamide (OR = 5.55, IC 95% [1.9-16.1], P = .002), and with neurological (OR = 3.36 CI 95% [1.37-8.25], P = .008), or cardiac (OR = 2.65 CI 95% [1.09-6.43], P = .031) involvement of the sarcoidosis, compared to the controls. Two patients died within the 6 months following infection, due to progressive multifocal leucoencephalopathy (n = 1), and of peritonitis (n = 1).Severe infections are observed in 5.1% of our patients with sarcoidosis after a median follow-up of 8 years. Risk factors for severe infections included neurological or cardiac involvement of sarcoidosis, the use of immunosuppressive agents and mainly cyclophosphamide.
Adenosine Triphosphate Release and Purinergic (P2) Receptor–Mediated Secretion in Small and Large Mouse Cholangiocytes (2010)

These findings suggest the existence of a P2 signaling axis along intrahepatic biliary ducts with the "upstream" MSCs releasing ATP, which can serve as a paracrine signaling molecule to "downstream" MLCs stimulating Ca²(+)-dependent secretion. Additionally, in MSCs, which do not express the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator, Ca²(+)-activated Cl(-) efflux in response to extracellular nucleotides represents the first secretory pathway clearly identified in these cholangiocytes derived from the small intrahepatic ducts.