gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Structural insights into the mechanism of the human SGLT2–MAP17 glucose transporter (2023)

Abstract Selective sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) plays an important role in glucose reabsorption. SGLT2 inhibitors suppress glucose reabsorption from the kidneys, thus reducing blood glucose levels in type 2 diabetes patients. We and other groups have developed several SGLT2 inhibitors starting from a natural product, phlorizin, but their action mechanisms remain unknown. Here, we elucidated the physiological hSGLT2–MAP17 complex structures bound to five SGLT2 inhibitors using single-particle cryo-electron microscopy. Canagliflozin, dapagliflozin, TA-1887, and sotagliflozin were bound in the outward-facing structure, whereas phlorizin was bound in the inward-open structure. The phlorizin–hSGLT2 interaction biochemically exhibited biphasic binding. Phlorizin weakly binds, via the phloretin motif, from its intracellular side near the Na + -binding site, while strongly interacts from its extracellular side. Unexpectedly, bound Na + stabilizes the outward-open conformation, while its release allows the transporter to adopt inward-open state. Our results first visualized the Na + -binding and inward-open conformation of hSGLT2–MAP17, clarifying the unprecedented Na + -dependent sugar transport mechanism with MAP17 acting as a scaffold, and may pave the way for development of next-generation SGLT inhibitors.
Novel Inorganic–Organic Layered Composite Synthesized by Polycondensation of 3-Aminopropyltriethoxysilane Associated with the Self-assembly of Alkanoate (2006)

Abstract We synthesized a layered organosilica with a self-assembled alkanoate interlayer. The bond between the alkanoate and aminopropylsiloxane is critical for the formation of such a structure. The surfactant can be exchanged with alkanoate with a different chain length to form other lamellar structures with a corresponding basal spacing.
Particular association of clinical and genetic features with autoimmunity to citrullinated α-enolase in rheumatoid arthritis (2010)

We observed that autoimmunity against citrullinated α-enolase may identify a subset of patients with a higher frequency of joint erosions and RF positivity. In addition, we confirmed the disproportionately large effect of the susceptibility alleles of HLA-DRB1 and their interaction with PTPN22 in this subset of patients. These results extend, confirm, and generalize the evidence supporting the specificity of the anti-CEP-1 antibody-positive subgroup of patients with RA among anti-CCP antibody-positive patients with RA.
Preparation of anthraquinones from 10-hydroxy-9-anthracenecarbonitriles obtained from a novel aryne annulation reaction (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPreparation of anthraquinones from 10-hydroxy-9-anthracenecarbonitriles obtained from a novel aryne annulation reactionBaburao M. Bhawal, Subhash P. Khanapure, Hongming Zhang, and Edward R. BiehlCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1991, 56, 8, 2846–2849Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1991https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00008a047https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00008a047research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views474Altmetric-Citations18LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Evolution of an organizational Web site: migrating to XML/XSL (2001)

With the advent of the World Wide Web, many organizational Web sites were initially created by a group of individuals who were interested in this new technology. These people were (and still are) often referred to as Webmasters and designed,the pages according to their taste and picked the information that they found important. Many sites were built without a systematic approach or consideration for future requirements. As the World Wide Web increased in importance, many of these Web sites grew, in an ad-hoc fashion and they became increasingly difficult to manage. Today, Web site design and management are further complicated by new emerging requirements such as multi-lingual and mobile device support. In this paper, we first discuss the evolution of an organizational Web site, give a brief overview of the site's history and discuss the problems the organization faced. We then present some of our experiences and lessons learned in re-engineering the site from HTML to XML/XSL. Many Web sites will have to make similar transitions once the XML/XSL standards firmly establish themselves as the Web technologies of choice. One of the goals of this paper is that other organizations should be able to benefit from our experiences.
Mechanism Underlying Initiation of Paroxysmal Atrial Flutter/Atrial Fibrillation by Ectopic Foci (2007)

These findings suggest that a mechanism of dynamically induced repolarization dispersion, especially discordant alternans, underlies the induction of atrial flutter/atrial fibrillation by atrial ectopic foci. The sites and likelihood of reentry induction varied according to ectopic focus location and timing, with the largest vulnerable window corresponding to the pulmonary vein region.
Surface Boundary Conditions and Related Technical Issues Concerning Burnett Equations for 2-D Hypersonic Flow (1994)

Research on studying steady and transient rarefied hypersonic flow by using the Burnett equations and developing accurate and efficient numerical methods for both the Navier-Stokes and Burnett equations were conducted in three aspects: (1) A new method of formulating the additional boundary conditions for the Burnett equations was presented. The 2-D Burnett equations with first order slip conditions seem to be able to improve the Navier-Stokes equations in two dimensions in the continuum transition regime, though more validation work is needed for the Burnett equations. (2) The first Burnett solutions for axisymmetric flow have been obtained. (3) The high-order ENO schemes have been used to obtain time-accurate solutions of the Navier-Stokes equations to study the unsteady hypersonic shock-shock interference heating on a cylinder. The results show that the inherent unsteadiness has a strong effect on surface heating rates. The ENO schemes were found to work well for numerical simulations of transient hypersonic flow.
Histone Acetylation Determines the Developmentally Regulated Accessibility for T Cell Receptor γ Gene Recombination (2001)

Variable/diversity/joining (V[D]J) recombination of the T cell receptor (TCR) and immunoglobulin (Ig) genes is regulated by chromatin accessibility of the target locus to the recombinase in a lineage- and stage-specific manner. Histone acetylation has recently been proposed as a molecular mechanism underlying the accessibility control. Here, we investigate the role for histone acetylation in the developmentally regulated rearrangements of the mouse TCR-gamma gene, wherein predominant rearrangement is switched from Vgamma3 to Vgamma2 gene during the fetal to adult thymocyte development. Our results indicate that histone acetylation correlates with accessibility, as histone acetylation at the fetal-type Vgamma3 gene in accord with germline transcription is relatively high in fetal thymocytes, but specifically becomes low in adult thymocytes within the entirely hyperacetylated locus. Furthermore, inhibition of histone deacetylation during the development of adult bone marrow-derived thymocytes by a specific histone deacetylase inhibitor, trichostatin A, leads to elevated histone acetylation, germline transcription, cleavage, and rearrangement of the Vgamma3 gene. These data demonstrate that histone acetylation functionally determines the chromatin accessibility for V(D)J recombination in vivo and that an epigenetic modification of chromatin plays a direct role in executing a developmental switch in cell fate determination.
Comparison of Lipoprotein Cholesterol Levels in Golden Syrian Hamster Administrated <i>trans</i>-Octadecenoic Acid Positional Isomers (2022)

We previously conducted a study using HepG2 cells to compare the effect on the secreted apolipoprotein B-100 and apolipoprotein A-1 ratio (B-100/A-1) corresponding to the ratio of low-density to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL/HDL) among 13 types of trans-octadecenoic acid (t-18:1) positional isomers. The results revealed that trans-5-18:1 (t5) significantly increased B-100/A-1. In this study, 1% of t5 in the diet, corresponding to 2.08 energy%, was administrated golden Syrian hamsters for 4 weeks to reveal the effects on lipid profiles, including LDL/HDL, by comparing cis-9-octadecenoic acid (OA, oleic acid), trans-9-octadecenoic acid (EA), trans-11-octadecenoic acid (VA), and trans-9,trans-12- octadecadienoic acid (TT). LDL/HDL was not significantly different among the groups. However, the cholesterol concentration of medium very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) was significantly lower in the TT diet than in the OA and t5 diets. The cholesterol concentration of small VLDL was significantly lower in the TT diet than in the OA, t5, and EA diets. The cholesterol concentration of large LDL was significantly lower in the TT diet than in the t5 and EA diets. However, no significant difference was detected between the TT and OA diets. In contrast, the cholesterol concentration of very small HDL was significantly higher in the TT diet than in the t5 diet. These results would support that lipid metabolism is affected by the structure of TFA in animals. However, t5-18:1 did not significantly change any lipid profile compared to OA existing in nature, and the previous result from the cell experiment showing that t5 increased B-100/A-1 (LDL/HDL) was not confirmed in this animal experiment.
Erythrocyte glutathione peroxidase activity in acne vulgaris and the effect of selenium and vitamin E treatment (1984)

The glutathione-peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity in erythrocytes was determined in 42 men with severe acne and 47 women with acne--26 of a moderate degree and 21 severe. The male acne patients had significantly lower GSH-Px levels than the controls. The women with acne did not differ significantly from the controls in this respect when patients and controls using oral contraceptives were excluded. Both the female controls and the women with acne using oral contraceptives had significantly higher GSH-Px values than the corresponding groups not using the pill. The pubertal acne girls had the same high GHSH-Px activity as women on oral contraceptives. In an open trial 29 patients were given 0.2 mg of selenium (as Na2Se O3) + 10 mg of tocopheryl succinate for their acne twice daily for 6-12 weeks. A good result was obtained, especially in patients with pustular acne and low GSH-Px activity, and the beneficial effect was usually paralleled by a slow rise of the GSH-Px activity. Some 6-8 weeks after withdrawal of the treatment the GSH-Px values had returned to the pretreatment levels.
Novel theoretical design and fabrication test of biomimicry directional microphone (2009)

Micromachined directional microphones (sound source localization sensor) mimicking an auditory organ of Ormia Ochracea have been intensively studied based on center-supported, marginally free 1-D or 2-D diaphragm structures. Based on an exact mathematical formulation, a Gaussian weight function on the diaphragm is shown to be inevitable in the transduction of 1st and 2nd moments. An analysis was performed to obtain the weight distribution assuming an arbitrary thickness distribution of a shell-structured diaphragm. The best result was a marginally-supported face-to-face cantilever structure. We fabricated this structure using SOI wafer and RIE. The experimental results show a strong dependence of the vibration pattern on both zenith and azimuth angles, and a greatly enhanced sensitivity to inclined sound pressure.
New Model for Interface Charge-Carrier Mobility: The Role of Misfit Dislocations (1968)

It is suggested that consideration of misfit dislocations is essential for analysis of mobility in metal-oxide-semiconductor inversion layers. Occurrence of such dislocations is generally expected for interfaces. Also, aspects of "surface" state behavior fit well with the dislocation model.
Testing of GE Universal Interconnection Device (2003)

This report summarizes preliminary testing and evaluation of a universal interconnection interface for distributed energy resources.
Lewis base ionic liquids (2006)

Ionic liquids which are (weak) Lewis bases have a number of interesting and useful properties different to those of traditional ionic liquids, including volatility and the possibility of being distillable in some cases, a base catalysis effect in others and enhancement of the acidity of dissolved acids.
Chirped Lidar Using Simplified Homodyne Detection (2009)

A simplified homodyne detection scheme for linear FM modulated lidar is presented in which pulse dechirping is performed in the optical domain. This method provides quantum limited detection sensitivity with much less receiver complexity compared to heterodyne detection systems. Another advantage of this approach is the reduced bandwidth requirement for the photodetector. This removes the limit on the chirp bandwidth, and enables the use of more efficient photodiodes with larger detector area. A field trial using a 5-in aperture diameter commercial telescope and a 370-m target range verified the sensitivity estimation and demonstrated the feasibility of this technique.
Pharmacokinetics and metabolism of racemic 2',3'-dideoxy-5-fluoro-3'-thiacytidine in rhesus monkeys (1992)

2',3'-Dideoxy-5-fluoro-3'-thiacytidine (FTC) is a nucleoside analog that selectively inhibits human immunodeficiency and hepatitis B viruses in vitro. In this study, the preclinical pharmacokinetics of racemic FTC in rhesus monkeys following intravenous and oral administration were characterized. The terminal half-life of FTC was independent of the route of administration and averaged 1.34 +/- 0.18 h (mean +/- standard deviation). Total clearance of FTC was moderate to high, averaging 1.49 +/- 0.24 liters/h/kg. Qualitative assessment of urine samples suggests that renal excretion of unchanged FTC was the major route of elimination of the nucleoside. The compound was also eliminated by metabolism and the deaminated biotransformation product 2,3'-dideoxy-5-fluoro-3'-thiauridine (FTU) was detected in serum and urine. This metabolite has no antiviral activity in human lymphocytes and liver cells. FTC and the metabolite FTU were conjugated, to a minor extent yielding the corresponding glucuronides. No 5-fluorouracil was detected in serum or urine. This is consistent with chromatographic studies using a chiral column that indicated that when racemic FTC is treated with cellular cytidine-deoxycytidine deaminase, the D-(+)-enantiomer of FTC is slowly deaminated to D-(+)-FTU, whereas the L-(-)-enantiomer is essentially resistant to this enzyme. The steady-state volume of distribution of FTC in serum averaged 2.23 +/- 0.42 liters/kg, and the nucleoside analog was distributed into the cerebrospinal fluid, which suggests that this drug penetrated the blood-brain barrier. Absorption of FTC after oral administration was rapid, with bioavailability averaging 73 +/- 6%. Taken together, the results indicate that the unusual L-(-)-enantiomer of FTC should be evaluated further in rhesus monkeys prior to determination of whether this compound is useful for treatment of human immunodeficiency and hepatitis B virus infections.
Atypical neuromagnetic resting activity associated with thalamic volume and cognitive outcome in very preterm children (2020)

Children born very preterm, even in the absence of overt brain injury or major impairment, are at increased risk of cognitive difficulties. This risk is associated with developmental disruptions of the thalamocortical system during critical periods while in the neonatal intensive care unit. The thalamus is an important structure that not only relays sensory information but acts as a hub for integration of cortical activity which regulates cortical power across a range of frequencies. In this study, we investigate the association between atypical power at rest in children born very preterm at school age using magnetoencephalography (MEG), neurocognitive function and structural alterations related to the thalamus using MRI. Our results indicate that children born extremely preterm have higher power at slow frequencies (delta and theta) and lower power at faster frequencies (alpha and beta), compared to controls born full-term. A similar pattern of spectral power was found to be associated with poorer neurocognitive outcomes, as well as with normalized T1 intensity and the volume of the thalamus. Overall, this study provides evidence regarding relations between structural alterations related to very preterm birth, atypical oscillatory power at rest and neurocognitive difficulties at school-age children born very preterm.
Performance of AlN/GaN Heterostructure Metal Insulator Semiconductor Field Effect Transistor Based on Two-dimensional Monte Carlo Simulation (2000)

We performed a two-dimensional Monte Carlo simulation of an AlN/GaN heterostructure metal insulator semiconductor field effect transistor (hetero-MIS-FET). The vertical structure of the FET is AlN(6 nm)/GaN, and the gate length, the gate-to-source length and the gate-to-drain length are 0.2 µm, 0.2 µm and 0.4 µm, respectively. We assume that GaN and AlN are wurtzite structures and are grown along the c-axis. We took account of the total electric polarization of AlN of 3×10 -6 C cm -2 due to piezoelectric and spontaneous polarization. Three valley models for the conduction band of GaN and AlN are employed. The maximum value of the cutoff frequency f T and the transconductance G m are about 100 GHz ( I d =2 A/mm) and 2 S/mm ( V g =0.5 V), respectively. The high f T and G m values and high I d value when f T is at the maximum strongly suggest that the AlN/GaN hetero-MIS-FET has high potential as a high-frequency, high-power device.
Coastal Numerical Modeling of Peninsula Beach, California (2008)

The coastal and Hydraulics Laboratory (CHL) at the U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center (ERDC) and U.S. Army Engineers Los Angeles District have recently completed a beach and shoreline preservation study for the Peninsula Beach, California. The aim of the study was to prevent the excessive shoreline erosion at the site by investigating numerical modeling solutions of different alternatives for preserving the beach. Numerical simulations were performed using the Coastal Modeling System (CMS) developed by the Coastal Inlets Research Program (CIRP) at CHL. The CMS consists of a two-dimensional (2D) circulation and sediment transport model coupled with a spectral wave model. Five alternatives including submerged groins, submerged reef, and advanced beach fill are evaluated by comparison of calculated morphologic and shoreline changes coupled with the hydrodynamics for an average annual sediment transport rate. The study results helped the City of Long Beach in designing shoreline protection alternatives to reduce frequency and volume of the periodic beach nourishment.
Multimodal Product Identification (2021)

This technical report describes the overview of our approach to the "Watch and Buy: Multimodal Product Identification Challenge". Specifically, we tackle this problem with a three-stage framework, i.e., product detection, retrieval and classification. For the product detection, we leverage the performance by Cascade R-CNN and deformable convolution to alleviate the impact of image distortion. For the product retrieval, we enhance the Multiple Granularity Network (MGN) with global and local context through IBN, SE and Non-local blocks. The task of product classification suffers from fashion variation. To this end, we propose to fuse the global feature of the integral images and local feature of products. Experiments demonstrate that our works could achieve competitive performance with the state-of-the-art methods and our overall approach achieves a F1 score of 0.648, ranking the second place in the final challenge.
Determining the Structure of Oligosaccharides N‐ and O‐Linked to Glycoproteins (2006)

Many proteins involved in biological events are glycosylated. A glycoprotein consists of a mixture of glycosylation variants of a single polypeptide chain, known as glycoforms. It has become clear that a detailed understanding of the roles which glycosylation plays in the biosynthesis, transport, biological function, and degradation of a glycoprotein can only be achieved when the protein and sugar(s) are viewed as an entity. Many glycoproteins can now be modeled by combining glycan sequencing data and oligosaccharide structural information with protein structural data. Pivotal to this approach is sensitive, state-of-the-art oligosaccharide sequencing technology which can give a rapid insight into the glycosylation of a glycoprotein without the need for sophisticated equipment and expertise. This unit gives a detailed introduction into the analysis of glycans, and the many figures will help the user identify which type of experiment needs to be undertaken. Methods for releasing glycans from glycoproteins are followed by protocols for labeling and purifying (by HPLC) the glycans from the rest of the components. Strategies for N- and O-glycan analysis are also included.
Heading Reference-Assisted Pose Estimation for Ground Vehicles (2018)

In this paper, heading reference-assisted pose estimation (HRPE) has been proposed to compensate inherent drift of visual odometry (VO) on ground vehicles, where an estimation error is prone to grow while the vehicle is making turns or in environments with poor features. By introducing a particular orientation as “heading reference,” a pose estimation framework has been presented to incorporate measurements from heading reference sensors into VO. A graph formulation is then proposed to represent the pose estimation problem under the commonly used graph optimization model. Simulations and experiments on KITTI data set and our self-collected sequences have been conducted to verify the accuracy and robustness of the proposed scheme. KITTI sequences and manually generated heading measurement with Gaussian noises are used in simulation, where rotational drift error is observed to be bounded. Compared with a pure VO, the proposed approach greatly reduces average translational localization error from 153.85 to 24.29 m and 23.80 m in self-collected stereo visual sequences with traveling distance over 4.5 km at the processing rates of 19.7 and 11.1 Hz, for the loosely coupled and tightly coupled models, respectively.