gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The effect of cis–trans configurational difference on the performance of pyridylimine-based ruthenium sensitizers (2018)

New heteroleptic Ru(ii) complexes consisting of pyridylimine as an ancillary ligand were synthesized and characterized for applications in dye sensitized solar cells. Complexes with cis and trans configurations around the central ruthenium metal were obtained using simple synthetic protocols by varying the substituents on the pyridylimine ligands. The geometries of these complexes were confirmed by single crystal X-ray analysis. The effect of the difference in the configurations of these complexes on their device performances was studied and the sensitizer with a trans arrangement around the metal showed a higher overall conversion efficiency (η) of 7.27% than that of the cis configured complex (η = 2.04%).
Electro-rheology (1988)

Electro-rheology is the phenomenon in which the rheology of fluids is modified by the imposition of electric fields. In this Review the nature of the fluids active in this role are presented and the influence of important variables such as shear rate, field strength, field frequency, temperature and fluid composition are described. Also discussed are the dielectric behaviour of dispersions in flow since this is of direct bearing on the phenomenon of electro-rheology. Various models for electro-rheology are presented and assessed. The authors also describe how recent developments in new classes of electro-rheological fluids have resulted from a clearer understanding of the probable electrodynamic origins of the effect. The Review concludes with an overview of the practical applications that electro-rheology has and may have in the future.
Robotic Services Acceptance in Smart Environments With Older Adults: User Satisfaction and Acceptability Study (2018)

Based on the feedback given by the end users, the Robot-Era system has the potential to be developed as a socially acceptable and believable provider of robotic services to facilitate older people to live independently in their homes.
Antithrombin-p.Ala416Pro: The Second Reported Case in Japan (2014)

A 42-year-old man was referred to our department due to recurrent deep venous thrombosis. He, his father and his aunt had low antithrombin (AT) heparin cofactor activity and progressive AT activity levels with normal AT antigen levels. A single nucleotide substitution of G to C was found at nucleotide position c.1246 in exon 7 of the patient's AT gene, resulting in a p.Ala416Pro mutation of AT. The same mutation was identified in his father and aunt, but not his sister, who had a normal AT level. These results show that the AT-p.Ala416Pro mutation was responsible for type IIa AT deficiency in this family.
Spin transport in Sb thin films (2006)

In this report, we have presented measurements of spin transport in Antimony (Sb) films which is known as a semimetal. The coercivity of each ferromagnetic film has been checked by measuring the anisotropic magnetoresistance. Four different orientation combinations of magnetization can be made by sweeping the magnetic field in parallel with the ferromagnetic electrode axis. From this effect, we conclude that spin polarized current can flow through the amorphous Sb films.
Tumor-derived trypsin enhances proliferation of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma cells by activating protease-activated receptor-2 (2010)

In primary malignant liver tumors, trypsinogen-immunoreactivity was present in 70% of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) specimens, but absent in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) specimens. We suggest the secretion of trypsinogen to be a key difference in biological behavior between ICC and HCC cells. The purpose of this study was to investigate the secretion of tumor-derived trypsin and the expression of its specific receptor, protease-activated receptor-2 (PAR-2), in ICC using cell lines and surgical specimens. The expression of trypsinogen-1 mRNA was observed in three of four ICC cell lines, but none of three HCC cell lines. Western blot analysis detected trypsinogen-1 in serum-free conditioned medium from one of the ICC cell lines positive for the mRNA. Gelatin zymography revealed a gelatinolytic activity for trypsin, the activated form of trypsinogen, in the same conditioned medium. PAR-2 mRNA and protein were observed in ICC cell lines. The proliferative activity of ICC cells was increased by concentrations of trypsin as low as 10 nM, and peaked at 100 nM. The effect of trypsin was suppressed by a serine protease inhibitor, gabexate mesilate. PAR-2 expression was detected in 64% of ICC surgical specimens immunohistochemically. In addition, stroma fibroblasts expressed PAR-2 in 52% of ICC specimens. These results suggest that trypsinogen-1 contributes to the growth of ICC cells and also tumor-associated fibroblasts.
Chemical Grafting Modification of Poly (ethylene vinyl acetate) Copolymer (2001)

Methods of chemical grafting of poly(ethylene vinyl acetate)(EVA) copolymers were summarized and the grafting mechanism of maleic anhydride grafted EVA (MAH g EVA) was discussed emphatically.Representation and application of MAH g EVA were reviewed.
<title>Single-crystal silicon gyroscope with decoupled drive and sense</title> (1999)

We present preliminary results for a single-crystal silicon gyroscope with decoupled drive and sense oscillators. The gyroscope is fabricated using a plasma micromachining process on a six-inch MEMS production line at Kionix, Inc. The process yields high-aspect-ratio structures, large structure-to- substrate separation, and low-parasitic electrodes, unlike designs that rely on silicon-on-insulator substrates, polysilicon, or thick epitaxial layers. We describe the fabrication process and emphasize the design, operation, and testing of the sensor. Results to date have yielded resolutions of 0.15 deg/sec over a 100 Hz bandwidth, short term bias stabilities less than 100 deg/hr, and quadrature signals less than 25 deg/sec.
Efficient high throughput rate cross-correlation logic design for sign-bit reference waveforms (2013)

This paper presents an efficient design method for high throughput rate cross-correlation logic using sign-bit reference waveforms which is one of widely equipped signal processing units in embedded consumer electronic devices. The proposed method minimizes resource usages by efficiently sharing the first level adders in adder trees of parallel sub-logics.
Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass Surgery, but Not Calorie Restriction, Reduces Plasma Branched-Chain Amino Acids in Obese Women Independent of Weight Loss or the Presence of Type 2 Diabetes (2014)

Our data confirm an association between deregulation of BCAA metabolism in plasma and insulin resistance and glucose intolerance. Three weeks after undergoing RYGB surgery, a significant decrease in BCAAs in both NGT as well as T2DM subjects was observed. After 3 months, despite inducing significant weight loss, neither GB nor VLCD induced a reduction in BCAA levels. Our results indicate that the bypass procedure of RYGB surgery, independent of weight loss or the presence of T2DM, reduces BCAA levels in obese subjects.
The effect of pulsed electromagnetic fields on protein unfolding (2005)

This thesis describes a spectroscopic investigation of the effects of pulsed electromagnetic radiation on the conformation, unfolding, aggregation and precipitation of a variety of proteins. Initial experiments required the calibration of a microwave exposure system thus the temperature of different buffer solutions was studied in detail. The exposure system comprised of an incubator and a rebuilt domestic microwave oven that delivered pulses every six minutes to give a plot of the temperature before, during and after a pulse period of microwaves. All solutions returned to their baseline temperature prior to the next pulse period. The effect of exposure to microwave pulses of several seconds duration on the aggregation rate of six stressed target proteins (alcohol dehydrogenase, bovine serum albumin, catalase, citrate synthase, insulin and ovotransferrin) was examined in solution. The hypothesis tested was that the initial rate of precipitation of samples exposed to microwave pulses once every six minutes was significantly higher than that of a control held at the same average temperature. The results show statistical significance to confirm the hypothesis in all cases except for insulin, bovine serum albumin and citrate synthase when the latter two proteins were maintained at an average temperature of 45oC and 37oC respectively. In these exceptional cases, the microwave induced temperature excursion was not expected to induce a change in the precipitation rate on the basis of previous knowledge of the unfolding behaviour of the proteins. The second hypothesis tested was that the molecular chaperone, α-crystallin prevents the aggregation and precipitation of target proteins under the above regimes. It was found that α-crystallin suppressed precipitation but it was not as effective when proteins were also exposed to pulsed microwaves. The effect of exposure to 50 Hz DC and AC electric field was examined on stressed alcohol dehydrogenase and citrate synthase. The hypothesis tested was that the initial rate of precipitation of samples exposed to microwave pulses once every six minutes was significantly higher than that of a control held at the same average temperature. This was not detected. When a difference could be detected, it was only observed in a increase or decrease in precipitation, well after exposure.The results of this thesis are relevant to the setting of standards for microwave exposure as they show that a six-minute averaging period of temperature is not appropriate in the prediction of protein unfolding.
Genotypic Characterization and Comparison of Full-Length Envelope Glycoproteins from South African HIV Type 1 Subtype C Primary Isolates That Utilize CCR5 and/or CXCR4 (2008)

CCR5 has preferentially been used by all circulating HIV-1 subtype C viruses for cell entry. Recently, we reported the highest proportion of CXCR4-utilizing primary isolates among a cohort of 20 South African AIDS patients. This study describes and compares the Env genotypic characteristics from these 20 HIV-1 subtype C (and unique CD recombinant) primary isolates. Fourteen primary isolates utilized CCR5, four (including the CD recombinant) used CXCR4, and two were dual tropic. Extensive analysis and comparison of important structural motifs such as the N-linked glycosylation sites, signal sequences, CD4-binding sites, variable loops, cleavage sites, known neutralizing antibody and small molecule inhibitor binding sites confirmed that other than the expected differences in the V3 loop, no sequence motifs distinguished between R5 and X4 tropism. Further correlation of the env genotype to functionally relevant motifs is necessary to elucidate the relationship between biologically and immunologically relevant sites and aid vaccine and novel drug design.
Effect of Nitrogen on Tensile Properties of Duplex Stainless Steel Weld Metal. (1993)

A type 329Jl duplex stainless steel was welded by gas tungsten arc welding in argon-nitrogen gas mixture atmospheres. The tensile properties and microstructures of the weld metals were examined. The nitrogen content increased and the ferrite content decreased with an increase of the nitrogen partial pressure of atmosphere. The ferrite content decreased linearly with an increase of nitrogen content. The tensile strength and elongation of the weld metal made with argon atmosphere were remarkably lower than those of the base material, but they increased with the increase of nitrogen content and were close to those of the base material at about 0.4 mass% nitrogen content. The fractography indicated that only the base material and high-nitrogen weld metals showed dimple patterns clearly. The crack paths in tensile-tested base material and high-nitrogen weld metals were complicated while those in the other weld metals were relatively straight. The tensile properties of weld metal were affected by the ferrite content and chromium nitride.
Continuous Production of Glucose from Dextrin by Glucoamylase Immobilized on Porous Silica (1975)

Abstract Glucoamylase was covalently attached to porous silica particles and investigated for its applicability as an industrial catalyst in the production of glucose from starch hydrolysates. Reactivity at various reaction conditions, as well as enzyme loading, reaction kinetics, diffusional effects, and thermal stability, were determined in laboratory scale experiments. Pilot scale tests on continuous production of glucose were performed in a 1 cubic foot packed column reactor that could produce approximately 1,000 lbs/d glucose at 40°C. The maximum glucose concentration (based on dissolved solids) varied from 87 to 93% depending on the dextrose equivalent (D.E.) and degree of retrogradation of the feed dextrin. In 80 days of continuous operation no appreciable enzyme deactivation was observed. Initial sterilization of the reactor and continuous heat sterilization of the feed stream (120°C, 3–4 min) virtually ensured operation of the immobilized enzyme reactor at low levels of contamination, typical bacteria counts of the product effluent being 30–50/ml. Occasional interruption of the system resulted in much higher levels of microorganisms but did not affect the overall enzyme reactivity.
Cytology of human ovarian surface epithelial brushings (2003)

The current study defined baseline features of HOSE cells important to pathologists and clinicians evaluating women at risk for ovarian epithelial cancer and to researchers investigating the pathobiology of this aggressive gynecologic malignancy.
Marinade Composition and Vacuum Effects on Liquid Uptake and Retention in Tumbled Fish Portions (2011)

A combination of higher pH (pH 8 vs. pH 6 or 7), higher NaCl content (6% vs. 2%), and shorter chain polyphosphates (sodium tripoly- or pyro-phosphate vs. hexametaphosphate, all at 1.6% in the marinade) during tumbling of halibut pieces (uniform size, shape) resulted in greatest marinade uptake and yields following subsequent purge and cook losses. Surface slime formation noted in optimum treatments, likely the result of increased surface extraction of protein, could dictate moderating ionic strength and solution pH as a marketing consideration. Unfrozen (fresh) fish exhibited a greater uptake of marinade than previously frozen fish, but also higher subsequent purge and cook losses such that yields after cooking for the two treatments were similar. Contrary to conventional industry belief, vacuum (9.2 kPa) during tumbling did not affect uptake of marinade.
J024033 Application of terahertz time domain spectroscopy for non-invasive evaluation of cartilage tissue (2013)

The establishment of non-invasive evaluation of cartilage tissue is indispensable for clinical applications of tissue-engineered cartilage. About 70% of cartilage tissue is water. Water is separated into "free water" and "bound water", and bound water is thought to be bound to extracellular matrix (ECM) in the case of living tissues. The mechanical properties of cartilage tissue depend on the interaction between water and ECM. Hence, focusing on water is valid for the evaluation of cartilage tissue. Terahertz time domain spectroscopy (THz-TDS) spectra are sensitive to the properties of water and bio-molecules. In this research, investigation of the relationship between THz-TDS spectra, mechanical and biochemical properties was carried out with three type cartilage samples (non-treated, proteoglycan-depletion (guanidine hydrochloride-treated) and chondroitinase-treated samples). Mechanical and biochemical properties are evaluated by equilibrium stress test normalized by peak values and amount of ECM, respectively. The difference in THz-TDS spectra between non-treated and proteoglycan-depletion samples showed two peaks at 0.85THz and 1.55THz. In the chondroitinase-treated samples, the THz-TDS absorbance at 1.55THz related to both mechanical and biochemical properties. It was suggesting that 1.55THz might be related to the absorbance spectra peak of bound water bounded to proteoglycan. Therefore, the possibility of the application of terahertz time domain spectroscopy for non-invasive evaluation of cartilage tissue might be achieved by focusing on this band of frequency.
Mechanisms and applications of cyclometalated Pt(ii) complexes in photoredox catalytic trifluoromethylation (2014)

The incorporation of a trifluoromethyl group into an existing scaffold can provide an effective strategy for designing new drugs and agrochemicals. Among the numerous approaches to trifluoromethylation, radical trifluoromethylation mediated by visible light-driven photoredox catalysis has gathered significant interest as it offers unique opportunities for circumventing the drawbacks encountered in conventional methods. A limited understanding of the mechanism and molecular parameters that control the catalytic actions has hampered the full utilization of photoredox catalysis reactions. To address this challenge, we evaluated and investigated the photoredox catalytic trifluoromethylation reaction using a series of cyclometalated Pt(ii) complexes with systematically varied ligand structures. The Pt(ii) complexes were capable of catalyzing the trifluoromethylation of non-prefunctionalized alkenes and heteroarenes in the presence of CF<sub>3</sub>I under visible light irradiation. The high excited-state redox potentials of the complexes permitted oxidative quenching during the cycle, whereas reductive quenching was forbidden. Spectroscopic measurements, including time-resolved photoluminescence and laser flash photolysis, were performed to identify the catalytic intermediates and directly monitor their conversions. The mechanistic studies provide compelling evidence that the catalytic cycle selects the oxidative quenching pathway. We also found that electron transfer during each step of the cycle strictly adhered to the Marcus normal region behaviors. The results are fully supported by additional experiments, including photoinduced ESR spectroscopy, spectroelectrochemical measurements, and quantum chemical calculations based on time-dependent density functional theory. Finally, quantum yields exceeding 100% strongly suggest that radical propagation significantly contributes to the catalytic trifluoromethylation reaction. These findings establish molecular strategies for designing trifluoromethyl sources and catalysts in an effort to enhance catalysis performance.
Side-Channel Analysis and Countermeasure Design on ARM-Based Quantum-Resistant SIKE (2020)

The implementations of post-quantum cryptographic algorithms have been newly explored, whereas, the protection against side-channel attacks shall be considered upfront, since it can have a non-negligible impact on security and performance. In this article, the security of supersingular isogeny key encapsulation (SIKE), a second-round candidate of NIST's on-going post-quantum standardization process, is thoroughly evaluated under side-channel analysis. First, the vulnerabilities of reference and optimized implementations of SIKE are thoroughly analyzed in terms of both horizontal and vertical side-channel leakage. After the optimized SIKE, which is based on Three-point Montgomery Differential Ladder algorithm, is proved to be constant-time and there is no horizontal leakage, a vertical vulnerability is analyzed based on the source code at the algorithmic level, and a theoretical differential power analysis (DPA) attack is proposed. In order to exploit this vulnerability, the differential electromagnetic attack (DEMA) is put into practice to extract the private key of SIKE based on a 32-bit ARM platform. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first practical side-channel attack at SIKE implemented on real ARM-based devices. Our experiments show that the DEMA needs only hundreds of electromagnetic traces to carry out the attack. More importantly, an efficient window-based countermeasure is proposed to eliminate the vertical leakage and prevent side-channel attacks with only a little overhead. The security of our countermeasure is carefully evaluated against most of well-known power analysis attacks. Through careful evaluation and comparison with other countermeasures, this method can lead to higher security at a very small cost in terms of time and memory.
Spectral Signatures: A Way to Identify Species and Conditions of Vegetables (2012)

In order to compare and identify the species a leaf belongs to, several samples of leaves of dierent plants were collected, and their spectral re¨ectance and absorption (spectral signatures) were measured. e species considered in this study were two of the most common varieties of sugarcane cultivated in Tucuman, Argentine, named TUCCP 77-42 and LCP 85-384 (labeled “742” or “S” and “384” or “T,” respectively), and four types of citrus: tangerine, grapefruit, orange, and lemon.
A Sustainable Substitute for Ivory: the Jarina Seed from the Amazon (2015)

The dried endosperm of the seed of Phytelephas sp is widely used for artisanal work in the Amazon region due to its favorable mechanical properties and pleasant appearance that resemble elephant ivory. While the seeds have enjoyed popularity and limited use by selected industries (e.g., military uniform buttons and piano keys) and handicraft applications, little is known about the mechanical properties and structure of this sustainable material. This work is the first to characterize the dried Jarina endosperm and to investigate its functionality as a viable substitute for elephant ivory. Structural analysis of typical seeds reveals the prevalence of tubules that align in rings and radiate from the (usually hollow) core of the seed. This seed, in the absence of a reinforcement structure or mineral phase, possesses mechanical properties slightly inferior to elephant ivory and selected plastics, while retaining the visual appeal of a naturally occurring material. A synthetic structure inspired on the seed is created and suggestions for further development are discussed.
Terahertz cross-phase modulation of an optical mode (2013)

We discuss an optical scheme which facilitates modulation of an optical waveguide mode by metallic-nanoslit-enhanced THz radiation. The waveguide mode acquires an additional phase shift due to THz nonlinearity with fields reachable in experiments.
Effect of gain control and modulation on harmonic nonlinear operators, with application to audio signal processing (1977)

Results are given concerning multiplication and gain control of harmonic operators, especially in the zeroth harmonic case. Various types of signal multiplication are considered, including analytic signal multiplication. These results facilitate the design of low-distortion signal processors, since many measurements of signal statistics used a control signals, e.g. correlations, are ideally zeroth harmonic.
TiCl4‐Mediated Dealkylative Cyclization of Arylidene‐azol‐ones (2022)

Abstract A new general approach for the synthesis of azolo[4,5‐ b ]quinolines via dealkylative TiCl 4 ‐mediated cyclization of 2‐dialkylamino‐arylidene‐azol‐ones upon heating in dichloroethane is found. The reaction scope and limitations are established, showing that at least two different heterocyclic cores could be obtained. Dozen products were obtained in moderate to good yields (22–64 %).