gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Sampling Matters in Deep Embedding Learning (2017)

Deep embeddings answer one simple question: How similar are two images? Learning these embeddings is the bedrock of verification, zero-shot learning, and visual search. The most prominent approaches optimize a deep convolutional network with a suitable loss function, such as contrastive loss or triplet loss. While a rich line of work focuses solely on the loss functions, we show in this paper that selecting training examples plays an equally important role. We propose distance weighted sampling, which selects more informative and stable examples than traditional approaches. In addition, we show that a simple margin based loss is sufficient to outperform all other loss functions. We evaluate our approach on the Stanford Online Products, CAR196, and the CUB200-2011 datasets for image retrieval and clustering, and on the LFW dataset for face verification. Our method achieves state-of-the-art performance on all of them.
DNA Typing of Samples for Polymarker, DQA1, and Nine STR Loci from a Human Body Exhumed After 27 Years (2000)

A body was exhumed from the ground after 27 years. Samples of femur bone, tooth, and a fingernail were collected and successfully subjected to DNA extraction, quantitation, amplification, and subsequently typed for DQA1, polymarker, and nine STR loci. All three types of samples were typed for D3S1358, vWA, FGA, D8S1179, D21S11, D18S51, D5S818, D13S17, D7S820, and amelogenin using ABI Prism 377 DNA sequencer.
Dynamic Equations of Motion (2013)

Throughout earlier chapters we have carefully formulated our equations in a very general, multi-degree of freedom form. In fact, our only two limiting assumptions so far have been: (1) that all bodies of our system are totally rigid, allowing no deformation or deflection, and (2) that all joints act precisely as described by their mathematical models shown in section 4.6, exhibiting no effects such as backlash or clearances. Indeed, our efforts have produced a kinematic model of our system that is extremely general and powerful. Even though its solution may be tedious for hand calculation, we recognize that evaluation is intended by digital computation and we hope to continue this generality and precision throughout our work in dynamics.
Ibandronate Reduces Osteolytic Lesions but not Tumor Burden in a Murine Model of Myeloma Bone Disease (1999)

We determined the effects of the potent bisphosphonate ibandronate in a murine model of human myeloma bone disease. In this model, bone lesions typical of the human disease develop in mice following inoculation of myeloma cells via the tail vein. Treatment with ibandronate (4 micrograms per mouse per day) significantly reduced the occurrence of osteolytic bone lesions in myeloma-bearing mice. However, ibandronate did not prevent the mice from developing hindlimb paralysis and did not produce a detectable effect on survival. There was no significant effect of ibandronate on total myeloma cell burden, as assessed by morphometric measurements of myeloma cells in the bone marrow, liver, and spleen, or by measurement of serum IgG2b levels. These results support clinical findings that bisphosphonates may be useful for the treatment of myeloma-associated bone destruction, but suggest that other therapies are also required to reduce tumor growth.
Model predictive torque control of a Switched Reluctance Motor (2009)

The strongly nonlinear magnetic characteristic of switched reluctance motors (SRMs) makes their torque control a challenging task. In contrast to standard current-based control schemes, we use model predictive control (MPC) and directly manipulate the switches of the dc-link power converter. At each sampling time a constrained finite-time optimal control problem based on a discrete-time nonlinear prediction model is solved yielding a receding horizon control strategy. The control objective is torque regulation while winding currents and converter switching frequency are minimized. Simulations demonstrate that a good closed-loop performance is achieved already for short prediction horizons indicating the high potential of MPC in the control of SRMs.
An innovative sub-32nm SRAM voltage sense amplifier in double-gate CMOS insensitive to process variations and transistor mismatch (2008)

This paper introduces a novel voltage sense amplifier (VSA) in fully depleted (FD) double-gate (DG) silicon-on-insulator (SOI) technology with planar independent self-aligned gates. Three different architectures are described and their operation margins are analyzed as a function of transistor length (L) and threshold voltage (Vth) variations and mismatch. The proposed architecture takes advantage of the back gate to enhance feedback and add more input nodes to provide a faster (25%-40%) and more insensitive to mismatch (100%-300%) circuit.
Minocycline benefits negative symptoms in early schizophrenia: a randomised double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial in patients on standard treatment (2012)

The onset and early course of schizophrenia is associated with subtle loss of grey matter which may be responsible for the evolution and persistence of symptoms such as apathy, emotional blunting, and social withdrawal. Such 'negative' symptoms are unaffected by current antipsychotic therapies. There is evidence that the antibiotic minocycline has neuroprotective properties. We investigated whether the addition of minocycline to treatment as usual (TAU) for 1 year in early psychosis would reduce negative symptoms compared with placebo. In total, 144 participants within 5 years of first onset in Brazil and Pakistan were randomised to receive TAU plus placebo or minocycline. The primary outcome measures were the negative and positive syndrome ratings using the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale. Some 94 patients completed the trial. The mean improvement in negative symptoms for the minocycline group was 9.2 and in the placebo group 4.7, an adjusted difference of 3.53 (s.e. 1.01) 95% CI: 1.55, 5.51; p < 0.001 in the intention-to-treat population. The effect was present in both countries. The addition of minocycline to TAU early in the course of schizophrenia predominantly improves negative symptoms. Whether this is mediated by neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory or others actions is under investigation.
Etude fonctionnelle et structurale du phenotype contractile des myocytes lisses aortiques de rat et humains (1995)

Presence of muramic acid, a bacterial cell wall component, was analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry in synovial fluid (SF) of 40 patients with acute inflammatory arthritis. SF muramic acid was observed in 4/14 patients with acute, culture negative inflammatory arthritis of unclear origin. Each of these four patients had a history of a recent bacterial disease (pansinuitis, purulent leg ulcer, erysipelas, unexplained fever with suspicion of cholecystitis and urinary tract infection). In the bacterial arthritis, SF muramic acid was detected in 6/12 patients (in 2/6 culture negative cases). In the reactive arthritis due to Salmonella or Yersinia, the rate of positivity was 2/14. Nineteen samples of traumatic SF effusion were muramic acid negative. These findings indicate that several cases of undefined acute inflammatory arthritis are of bacterial origin.
Access region cache: a multi-porting solution for future wide-issue processors (2002)

Wide-issue processors issuing tens of instructions per cycle, put heavy stress on the memory system, including data caches. For wide-issue architecture, data cache needs to be heavily multi-ported with extremely wide data-paths. The paper studies a scalable solution to achieve multi-porting with short data-paths and less hardware complexity at higher clock-rates. Our approach divides memory streams into multiple independent sub-streams with the help of a prediction mechanism before they enter the reservation stations. Partitioned memory-reference instructions are then fed into separate memory pipelines, each of which is connected to a small data-cache, called the access region cache. The separation of independent memory references, in an ideal situation, facilitates the use of multiple caches with smaller number of ports and thus increases the data-bandwidth. We describe and evaluate a wide-issue processor with distinct memory pipelines, driven by a prediction mechanism. The potential performance of the proposed design is measured by comparing it with existing multi-porting solution as well as an ideal multi-ported data cache.
TP53 codon 72 polymorphism in susceptibility, overall survival, and adjuvant therapy response of gliomas (2007)

TP53 is a key tumor suppressor gene that encodes a transcriptional factor involved in several cellular mechanisms, including growth arrest, DNA repair, and induction of apoptosis. In addition to TP53 gene mutations, a common polymorphism, Arg72Pro, has been involved in the carcinogenesis process. The Pro72 variant has been associated with a slower induction of apoptosis and may influence the risk of cancer development. The role of Arg72Pro polymorphism in glioma susceptibility is poorly characterized. With the objective of analyzing the role of the TP53 Arg72Pro polymorphism in glioma risk, overall survival, and patient therapy response in a Portuguese population, we conducted a retrospective case-control study, including 171 patients with gliomas and 526 cancer-free individuals. The Arg72Pro genotype was assessed by the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism technique. No statistically significant differences were observed in the genotypic and allelic frequencies between glioma and control groups, and no statistically significant differences were observed with stratification of gliomas into distinct histological subtypes: astrocytic (n = 115), glioblastoma (n = 75), and oligodendroglial (n = 54) tumors. No significant association was observed between TP53 Arg72Pro and patient overall survival, but Kaplan-Meier analysis of glioma patients harboring the Pro72 allele showed a significantly longer survival with adjuvant therapy. In this first assessment of the role of TP53 Arg72Pro polymorphism in a large series of Portuguese glioma tumors, no association was observed with glioma susceptibility or overall survival, except for patients submitted to adjuvant therapy.
On the use of stochastic resonance for fault detection in spur gearboxes (2017)

This study demonstrates how a time domain data based non-linear approach known as Stochastic Resonance (SR) can be effectively used for fault detection in spur gearboxes. SR has just been used recently for fault diagnosis in mechanical systems with a focus on faulty systems. This paper examines the behaviour of SR when it is applied to healthy systems, in particular a healthy gearbox and explores approaches like residual signal and filtered signal computations to aid in the containment of false alarms while improving overall results. Although SR is a time domain procedure, its results also extend to the frequency domain
Uncertain fate of fair sampling in quantum annealing (2019)

Recently, it was demonstrated both theoretically and experimentally on the D-Wave quantum annealer that transverse-field quantum annealing does not find all ground states with equal probability. In particular, it was proposed that more complex driver Hamiltonians beyond transverse fields might mitigate this shortcoming. Here, we investigate the mechanisms of (un)fair sampling in quantum annealing. While higher-order terms can improve the sampling for selected small problems, we present multiple counterexamples where driver Hamiltonians that go beyond transverse fields do not remove the sampling bias. Using perturbation theory we explain why this is the case. In addition, we present large-scale quantum Monte Carlo simulations for spin glasses with known degeneracy in two space dimensions and demonstrate that the fair-sampling performance of quadratic driver terms is comparable to standard transverse-field drivers. Our results suggest that quantum annealing machines are not well suited for sampling applications, unless postprocessing techniques to improve the sampling are applied.
Pore structure characterization of oak via X-ray computed tomography (2020)

The microscopic pore structure of wood is an important factor that affects its macroscopic properties. In this study, an oak sample was used for pore structure characterization. X-ray computed tomography imaging was carried out, and the scanning results (a multi-layer two-dimensional planar image) were rendered using Avizo software (a three-dimensional stereo image). A digital image processing method was used to identify the characteristics of the three-dimensional pore structure features and to calculate the characteristic parameters, i.e., the porosity (volume/surface), pore area and volume, pore size distribution, and the connectivity. The 27 mm3 oak sample had the following characteristics: a pore size which ranged from 8.56 µm to 1262.84 µm; a pore volume of 1.01 × 1010 µm3; a pore area and volume porosity of 1.12 × 109 µm2 and 37.6%, respectively; a surface porosity range of approximately 36.1% to 39.1%; a pore diameter for axial connection ranging from approximately 164.57 µm to 1262.84 µm; and had corresponding proportions of the pore area and volume of approximately 74.4% and 67.3%, respectively. This information provided useful structural data for the construction of future models.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Antitumor Activities of Unsymmetrically Substituted 1,4‐Bis((aminoalkyl)amino)anthracene‐9,10‐diones and Related Systems. (1987)

Abstract Photolysis of 1,4‐dimethoxy‐anthraquinone (I) in the presence of the amines (II) and subsequent refluxing with (IV) produce the substitution products (V) via (III).
Selective covalent capture of a DNA sequence corresponding to a cancer-driving C>G mutation in theKRASgene by a chemically reactive probe: optimizing a cross-linking reaction with non-canonical duplex structures (2019)

Covalent reactions are used in the detection of various biological analytes ranging from low molecular weight metabolites to protein-protein complexes. The detection of specific nucleic acid sequences is important in molecular biology and medicine but covalent approaches are less common in this field, in part, due to a deficit of simple and reliable reactions for the covalent capture of target sequences. Covalent anchoring can prevent the denaturation (melting) of probe-target complexes and causes signal degradation in typical hybridization-based assays. Here, we used chemically reactive nucleic acid probes that hybridize with, and covalently capture, a target sequence corresponding to a cancer-driving variant of the human <i>KRAS</i> gene. Our approach exploits a reductive amination reaction to generate a stable covalent attachment between an abasic site in the probe strand and a guanine mutation at position 35 in the <i>KRAS</i> gene sequence. Importantly, systematic variation of the probe sequence in a manner that formally introduces non-canonical structures such as bulges and mispairs into the probe-target duplex led to probes with dramatically improved cross-linking properties. An optimized abasic site-containing probe enabled simultaneous quantitative detection of both mutant and wild-type <i>KRAS</i> sequences in mixtures.
Chronic kidney disease: prevention and treatment of common complications. (2004)

Chronic kidney disease is a progressive condition that results in significant morbidity and mortality. Because of the important role the kidneys play in maintaining homeostasis, chronic kidney disease can affect almost every body system. Early recognition and intervention are essential to slowing disease progression, maintaining quality of life, and improving outcomes. Family physicians have the opportunity to screen at-risk patients, identify affected patients, and ameliorate the impact of chronic kidney disease by initiating early therapy and monitoring disease progression. Aggressive blood pressure control, with a goal of 130/80 mm Hg or less, is recommended in patients with chronic kidney disease. Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin-II receptor antagonists are most effective because of their unique ability to decrease proteinuria. Hyperglycemia should be treated; the goal is an AIC concentration below 7 percent. In patients with dyslipidemia, statin therapy is appropriate to reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease. Anemia should be treated, with a target hemoglobin concentration of 11 to 12 g per dL (110 to 120 g per L). Hyperparathyroid disease requires dietary phosphate restrictions, antacid use, and vitamin D supplementation; if medical therapy fails, referral for surgery is necessary. Counseling on adequate nutrition should be provided, and smoking cessation must be encouraged at each office visit.
Draft Genome Sequence of the Thermophilic Bacterium Bacillus licheniformis SMIA-2, an Antimicrobial- and Thermostable Enzyme-Producing Isolate from Brazilian Soil (2020)

<i>Bacillus licheniformis</i> SMIA-2, a thermophilic and thermostable enzyme-producing bacterium, is found to be active against several strains of <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> and several <i>Bacillus</i> species. Here, we report the 4.30-Mbp draft genome and bioinformatic predictions supporting gene inventories for amylase, protease, cellulase, xylanase, and antimicrobial compound biosynthesis.
Study on Decision for Landslide Hazard Areas by Using GIS (2014)

본 우리나라는 산지가 많고 하절기에 연 강수량의 약 2/3정도가 집중적으로 발생하기 때문에 매년 산사태에 의한 피해가 발생하고 있다. 재산 및 인명을 보호하기 위해서는 사전에 산사태 발생지를 예측하고 피해를 최소화하기 위한 대책이 요구된다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 산사태 위험 판정을 평가하기 위해서 수치지형도, 수치임상도, 수치입지도, 수치지질도를 활용하여 산사태 위험지역을 추출하였다. 그리고 국립산림과학원에서 제시한 산사태 위험지 판정표를 기준으로 GIS 기법을 활용해 연구지역의 산사태 위험지를 판정을 1차와 2차에 걸쳐 분석하였으며, 현장조사를 통해 최종 위험지를 판정하였다. Landslides occur in Korea every year because it has numerous mountainous regions and approximately two-thirds of the annual rainfall falls in Summer. Therefore, it is important to predict potential areas of landslides and minimize the damage in advance to protect property and human life. Therefore, in the present study, the potential danger areas were extracted from a digital map, digital forest map, digital forest site environmental map, and digital geologic map to estimate the landslide hazard. In addition, the assessment of landslide danger was analyzed by first and second estimations based on the criteria from the Korea Forest Research Institute using a GIS technique, which was finally judged by a field investigation.
Efavirenz 600 mg/day versus efavirenz 800 mg/day in HIV-infected patients with tuberculosis receiving rifampicin: 48 weeks results (2005)

The potential of drug-drug interaction between efavirenz and rifampicin is a major concern in the treatment of HIV and tuberculosis. The optimal efavirenz dosage is still unclear. Our randomized control trial study recently reported the similar efavirenz level between efavirenz 600 and 800 mg/day in HIV-infected patients receiving rifampicin. We report the similar virological and immunological outcomes at 48 weeks between the two groups. Efavirenz 600 mg/day should be sufficient for concurrent use with rifamipicin.
Protocol for establishing and maintaining the calibration of medical radionuclide calibrators and their quality control. (2006)

Guidance is given on the quality controls that should be undertaken on a routine basis for medical radionuclide calibrators to ensure the accuracy and traceability of measurements of the activities of radiopharmaceuticals. Sources of error and magnitudes of associated uncertainties are discussed.
Bulk Photovoltaic Effect in a Ferroelectric Crystal A Model Calculation (1982)

Abstract A numerical investigation of the bulk photovoltaic tensor for a ferroelectric crystal is presented. The studies are based on a simple two‐dimensional LCAO model which preferably can be treated analytically. In contrast to previous studies, however, the complete band structure and wave vector dependence of the transition matrix elements are taken into account. This paper also reports the first numerical application of the R ‐vector concept which is recently developed for the intrinsic bulk photovoltaic effect.
The push–pull mechanism of bacteriophage Ø29 DNA injection (2004)

The mechanism of bacteriophage DNA injection is poorly understood, often considered a simple process, driven merely by the packing pressure inside the capsid. In contrast to the well-established DNA packaging mechanism of Bacillus subtilis phage Ø29, that involves a molecular motor formed by the connector and a viral ATPase, nothing is known about its DNA injection into the cell. We have studied this process measuring DNA binding of p6, a viral genome organization protein. The linear DNA penetrates with a right-left polarity, in a two-step process. In the first step approximately 65% of the genome is pushed into the cell most probably by the pressure built inside the viral capsid. Thus, synthesis of viral proteins from the right early operon is allowed. This step is controlled, probably by bacterial protein(s) that slow down DNA entry. In the second step at least one of the viral early proteins, p17, participates in the molecular machinery that pulls the remaining DNA inside the cell. Both steps are energy-dependent, as treatment of cells with azide overrides the whole mechanism, leading to a deregulated, passive entry of DNA.
A comparative study of the aquatic insect diversity of two ponds locatedin Cachar District, Assam, India (2016)

Ponds play a vital role in the conservation of aquatic biodiversity at the local level apart from other lakes and rivers. A comparative study was carried out on the aquatic insect diversity of two different ponds, one in an urban area (urban pond, UP) and another in a rural area (Jalinga pond, JP). Two seasonal collections (postmonsoon and winter) were made to check the pollution status of the two ponds based on the aquatic insect community and physicochemical properties of water. Consequently, 29 species, 17 families, and 5 orders of aquatic insects from UP and 17 species, 8 families, and 3 orders from JP were recorded. Aphelonecta sp., Cloeon sp., and Micronecta sp. Were the eudominant species recorded. According to the Shannon (H') index, UP was more diverse than JP. Family level biotic indices and scores further proved the better water quality of UP than of JP. Hence, it can be said that urban ponds have an important role to play in biodiversity conservation.
Fabrication of Copper Phthalocyanine Nanoparticles by Forced Thin Film Reactor (2009)

強制薄膜式リアクターを用いて粒子径が数～10 nmの銅フタロシアニンナノ粒子を作製した。手法は，銅フタロシアニンを濃硫酸に溶解し，純水に希釈することで銅フタロシアニンを析出させるアシッドペースティング法を用いた。得られた銅フタロシアニンナノ粒子は，従来の報告のとおりアシッドペースティング法にて得られるα型の結晶型であったが，紫外－可視領域における光学特性として，従来の銅フタロシアニンには認められない透過，吸収特性をもつことを見いだした。
In silico virtual screening-based study of nutraceuticals predicts the therapeutic potentials of folic acid and its derivatives against COVID-19 (2020)

Abstract The recent outbreak of the novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) in the Wuhan province of China has taken millions of lives worldwide. In this pandemic situation and absence of known drugs and vaccines against novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19), there is an urgent need for the repurposing of the existing drugs against it. So, here we have examined a safe and cheap alternative against this virus by screening hundreds of nutraceuticals compounds against known therapeutic targets of SARS-COV-2 by molecular docking .The virtual screening results were then analyzed for binding energy and interactive residues in the best binding pose. All these analyses of this study strongly predicted the potential of Folic acid and its derivates like Tetrahydrofolic acid and 5-methyl tetrahydrofolic acid against SARS-COV-2. The strong and stable binding affinity of this water-soluble vitamin and its derivatives against the SARS-COV-2, indicating that they could be valuable drugs against the management of this COVID-19 pandemic. This study could serve as the starting point for further investigation of these molecules through in-vitro and in-vivo assays.