gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Host Genetic and Adjuvant Factors Influence Epitope Specificity to a Major Recombinant Grass Allergen (1996)

The role of host genetic and adjuvant factors in the induction of immune responses to a major recombinant Kentucky bluegrass allergen was examined utilizing five strains of mice and two different adjuvants. Analysis of the recombinant allergen-specific antibodies induced in these strains indicated that the antibodies of various isotypes were differentially regulated. In terms of IgE antibody response, BDF1 and DBA/2 were characterized as high responder, whereas BALB/C, CBA/J and C57BL/6 were intermediate and SJL was a low responder. In different strains, both dextran sulfate (DS) and complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA), as adjuvants, induced recombinant allergen-specific IgE antibodies of similar titer, however, CFA induced higher IgG2a and lower IgM antibodies compared to DS. Further, analysis of T cell proliferative responses of the splenocytes of different strains demonstrated that these strains varied also in their capacity to respond to synthetic peptides. Furthermore, utilizing a panel of synthetic peptides corresponding to the recombinant allergen, we demonstrated that the antibodies induced by the recombinant allergen with CFA in different strains vary with respect to their epitope specificity. In the BDF1 strain, compared to DS, CFA as adjuvant induced recombinant allergen-specific antibodies of additional peptide specificity. Taken together, these results suggest that both host genetic background and adjuvants govern the fine specificity of antibodies produced against this recombinant Kentucky bluegrass allergen.
A case of unclassified multicystic biliary tumor with biliary adenofibroma features (2012)

A 40-year-old Japanese man was admitted to our hospital for evaluation of upper abdominal pain. Abdominal computed tomography (CT) revealed a well-circumscribed multicystic mass measuring approximately 7 × 6 cm. The mass contained a solid lesion measuring 3 × 2 cm. Biopsy of a swollen cervical lymph node led to a diagnosis of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. After initial chemotherapy for lymphoma, the multicystic mass was surgically resected. The tumor was composed of a multicystic lesion and a solid lesion. Histopathologic examination of the multicystic lesion revealed that the locules were lined by biliary epithelium, demonstrating various degrees of cytological atypia. The stroma was fibrous, and the tumor showed marked apocrine snouts. Part of the tumor showed papillary growth with strong cytological atypia. The solid lesion showed tubulocystic proliferation of tumor cells, with prominent apocrine snouts, embedded in dense and partially hyalinized fibrous stroma. The morphology of the solid part was quite similar to that of reported biliary adenofibroma. Despite lengthy discussion, an appropriate pathological diagnosis could not be found among the current classifications of biliary tumor. The tumor was finally diagnosed as unclassified multicystic biliary tumor with adenofibroma features.
Impact of Lubricant Additives on thePhysicochemical Properties and Activity of Three‐Way Catalysts (2016)

As alternative lubricant anti‐wear additives are sought to reduce friction and improve overall fuel economy, it is important that these additives are also compatible with current emissions control catalysts. In the present work, an oil‐miscible phosphorous‐containing ionic liquid (IL), trihexyltetradecylphosphonium bis(2‐ethylhexyl) phosphate ([P66614][DEHP]), is evaluated for its impact on three‐way catalysts (TWC) and benchmarked against the industry standard zinc‐dialkyl‐dithio‐phosphate (ZDDP). The TWCs are aged in different scenarios: neat gasoline (no‐additive, or NA), gasoline+ZDDP, and gasoline+IL. The aged samples, along with the as‐received TWC, are characterized through various analytical techniques including catalyst reactivity evaluation in a bench‐flow reactor. The temperatures of 50% conversion (T50) for the ZDDP‐aged TWCs increased by 30, 24, and 25 °C for NO, CO, and C3H6, respectively, compared to the no‐additive case. Although the IL‐aged TWC also increased in T50 for CO and C3H6, it was notably less than ZDDP, 7 and 9 °C, respectively. Additionally, the IL‐aged samples had higher water‐gas‐shift reactivity and oxygen storage capacity than the ZDDP‐aged TWC. Characterization of the aged samples indicated the predominant presence of CePO4 in the ZDDP‐aged TWC aged by ZDDP, while its formation was retarded in the case of IL where higher levels of AlPO4 is observed. Thus, results in this work indicate that the phosphonium‐phosphate IL potentially has less adverse impact on TWC than ZDDP.
Influence of the Proportions of KH 2 PO 4 , MgSO 4 , and NaNO 3 in the Nutrient Solution on the Production of Penicillin in Surface Cultures (1945)

blooming of the seedlings of kok-saghyz.The flowering behavior of the plants in the present investigation is consistent with this conclusion if the predominant role is ascribed to cool temperature. SUMMARYAn investigation was made of the effects of deficiencies of nitrogen, phosphorus, calcium, magnesium, and potassium on the growth and rubber accumulation in Taraxacum kolc-saghyz Rodin.Deficiency of nitrogen resulted in by far the smallest fresh or dry weight yield of roots of any of the treatments.Deficiency of either magnesium or potassium also resulted in appreciably smaller fresh and dry weight yields of roots as compared with the checks while deficiency of calcium or phosphorus had relatively much less effect.There are indications that the same mineral element deficiencies which have the most marked retarding effects on root development also have the greatest influence in reducing rubber accumulation in the roots, but the evidence on this point is not conclusive.Specific foliar symptoms were recognized only for nitrogen and calcium deficiencies.No marked correlations were found between floral initiation and mineral element deficiency.
ChemInform Abstract: Syntheses of Imidazo(1,2‐c)pyrimidines and 1,3,5‐Triazepines from 2‐ Azabuta‐1,3‐dienes and 1,2‐Diamines. (1997)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Biosynthesis of heparin/heparan sulfate. Purification of the D-glucuronyl C-5 epimerase from bovine liver. (1994)

The D-glucuronyl C-5 epimerase involved in the biosynthesis of heparin/heparan sulfate was purified from the high speed supernatant fraction of a homogenate of bovine liver by chromatography on immobilized O-desulfated heparin, red Sepharose, phenyl Sepharose, and concanavalin A-Sepharose. After close to 1 million-fold purification, in 10-15% yield, the product gave a single band on SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis with silver staining and had a mobility corresponding to an M(r) of approximately 52,000. Since the epimerase assay used in the course of purification was based on release of tritium, as [3H]H2O, from a [5-3H]uronyl-labeled substrate, it was important to establish that the purified enzyme did indeed catalyze the actual conversion of D-glucuronyl to L-iduronyl residues. Upon incubation of the purified enzyme with 3H-labeled heparosan N-sulfate, prepared by metabolic labeling (with D-[1-3H]glucose) of a capsular polysaccharide from Escherichia coli K5 and subsequent chemical partial N-deacetylation and N-sulfation, approximately 30% of the D-glucuronyl residues located between two N-sulfated glucosamine units were converted to L-iduronyl units.
Photodestruction of Stromal Fibroblasts Enhances Tumor Response to PDT in 3D Pancreatic Cancer Coculture Models (2020)

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is among the most lethal of human cancers. The dismal response of PDAC to virtually all therapeutics is associated, in part, with a characteristically dense fibrotic stroma. This stroma not only acts as a barrier to drug perfusion, but also promotes tumor survival through paracrine crosstalk and biophysical interactions. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is being explored for PDAC treatment, though the impact of tumor-promoting stromal crosstalk on PDT response in PDAC is not well-characterized. The current study assesses the effect of tumor-stroma interactions on response to PDT or chemotherapy in heterocellular 3D cocultures using PDAC cells and two different fibroblastic cell types (pancreatic stellate cells, PSCs, and a normal human fibroblast cell line, MRC5) embedded in extracellular matrix (ECM). While stromal fibroblasts promote resistance to chemotherapy as expected, PDAC 3D nodules in coculture with fibroblasts exhibit increased response to PDT relative to homotypic cultures. These results point to the potential for PDT to overcome tumor-promoting stromal interactions associated with poor therapeutic response in PDAC.
Social Honeypots: Making Friends With A Spammer Near You. (2008)

Social networking communities have become an important communications platform, but the popularity of these communities has also made them targets for a new breed of social spammers. Unfortunately, little is known about these social spammers, their level of sophistication, or their strategies and tactics. Thus, in this paper, we provide the first characterization of social spammers and their behaviors. Concretely, we make two contributions: (1) we introduce social honeypots for tracking and monitoring social spam, and (2) we report the results of an analysis performed on spam data that was harvested by our social honeypots. Based on our analysis, we find that the behaviors of social spammers exhibit recognizable temporal and geographic patterns and that social spam content contains various distinguishing characteristics. These results are quite promising and suggest that our analysis techniques may be used to automatically identify social spam. 1
Optimized RNA extraction and RT-PCR assays provide successful molecular analysis on a wide variety of archival fixed tissues (2007)

AACR Annual Meeting-- Apr 14-18, 2007; Los Angeles, CA

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Background: Molecular study of archival fixed tissues is of considerable interest as samples with clinical and pathological annotations are readily available. Key elements for molecular profiling archival tissues are an RNA extraction method that performs efficiently with different tissue types and fixation protocols, and an assay platform that detects expression of gene(s) of interest with high fidelity in the fragmented RNA typically recovered from these samples. We have optimized RNA extraction and multi-gene quantitative RT-PCR (QRT-PCR) assays to profile gene expression in fixed breast tissues. A commercial assay (Onco type DX™) in clinical use predicts prognosis and therapeutic response. In this study, we demonstrate this RNA extraction and RT-PCR methodology apply to a variety of archival tissues fixed using different protocols.

Methods: 5 archival renal cell carcinoma (RCC), 13 colon, 36 prostate, 4 primary and 15 metastatic melanoma samples fixed in formalin, Hollandes or Zenkers fixative and stored for variable lengths of time (0.5-25 years) were studied. From each specimen, RNA was extracted from 3 10-μ sections. RNA yield and size distribution were analyzed. QRT-PCR was used to profile multiple house-keeping and organ-specific genes, with cycle threshold (CT) reflecting gene expression level.

Results: (1) Effect of tissue fixatives on RNA yield, quality and gene expression. 5 RCC specimens were divided and part of each specimen was fixed in formalin and part in Hollandes fixative. Hollandes fixation yielded less, more fragmented RNA (average 48.4% less, with majority <100 bases) than formalin fixation. However, after normalization againt 5 house-keeping genes, mean (SD) expression (log2 CT) of the 48 genes was similar in formalin and Hollandes fixed tissues (7.8 (3.3) vs7.7 (3.3), p=0.893) and expression levels across samples and genes was highly concordant (r = 0.99, p<0.001). (2) Effect of archival age and fixatives on RNA yield, quality and gene expression. QRT-PCR was performed on RNA extracted from 3 colon cancer specimens fixed in Zenkers in 1982, 2 specimens fixed in Hollandes in1985, and 8 specimens fixed in formalin in 2004. Average RNA yields were 3755, 8648and 12244 ng for the 3 fixation methods. RNA was fragmented to a significantly greater degree with Zenkers and Hollandes-fixed samples. Though significant (p=0.046), differences in mean normalized expression levels for 48 genes were small: formalin 7.2 (2.8), Hollandes 7.7 (2.8), and Zenkers 7.9 (3.1). Using the same techniques, RNA extracted from archival prostate and melanoma tissues was profiled for up to 384 genes with similar success.

Conclusion: Tissue fixation and storag significantly affect RNA yield and quality in archival fixed tissues. However, we have developed RNA extraction methods and RT-PCR expression assays that apply to a variety of tissues fixed and stored using different protocols.
Handbook of Matrices (1996)

Definitions, Notations, Terminology. Rules for Matrix Operations. Matrix Valued Functions of a Matrix. Trace, Determinant and Rank of a Matrix. Eigenvalues and Singular Values. Matrix Decompositions and Canonical Forms. Vectorization Operators. Vector and Matrix Norms. Properties of Special Matrices. Vector and Matrix Derivatives. Polynomials, Power Series and Matrices. Appendix. References. Index.
ChemInform Abstract: APPLICATIONS OF THE INTRAMOLECULAR DIELS‐ALDER REACTION TO THE FORMATION OF STRAINED MOLECULES. SYNTHESIS OF BRIDGEHEAD ALKENES (1983)

Abstract Die Synthese einer Reihe von in Position 2 alkenylsubstituierten Butadienen wird beschrieben.
Measurement of the complex dielectric constant of lossy fibers and rods at microwave frequencies (1987)

Three related waveguide devices are described for measuring the dielectric constants of fibers and rods. In each device the sample is located one-quarter guide wavelength from the shorted end of the waveguide. A slot in the side or end of the guide permits easy insertion and removal of a fiber sample without having to thread it through holes in the waveguide. The dielectric constant along the length of the fibers can be measured as they are rapidly pulled through the device. The technique allows accurate measurement of samples having a wide range of diameters and dielectric constants. Measurements of carbon, nickel alloy, and alumina samples are described, and the experimental sources of error are analyzed.
Chirp control and broadband wavelength-tuning of 40-GHz monolithic actively mode-locked laser diode module with an external CW light injection (2005)

Chirp control behaviors of a 40-GHz monolithic actively mode-locked laser diode (MLLD) with an external continuous wave (CW) light injection were experimentally investigated in detail. Large frequency chirping of the Fabry-Pe/spl acute/rot-type MLLD was found to be reduced by the CW light input with sufficient power. Broad-band wavelength tuning over 60 nm was also successfully achieved using the external CW light as a wavelength-selection element. Optical short pulses shorter than 4 ps were generated leaving small frequency chirping, low timing jitters less of than 0.2 ps, and low relative intensity noise values of less than -130 dB/Hz over the whole tuning range from 1530 to 1592 nm, almost covering both the C and the L bands in the wavelength region of optical communication systems.
Psychogenic Movement Disorders (2008)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Epidemiology Diagnostic Criteria Types of Psychogenic Movement Disorders Psychogenic Findings in the Neurologic Examination that may be Present in the Psychogenic Movement Disorder Patient: (Table 31.2) Treatment Modalities Conclusion References
Itinerant Agents for Mobile Computing Secure, remote applications for large public networks (1995)

his article describes an abstract framework for itinerant agents that can be used to implement secure, remote applications in large, public networks such as the Internet or the IBM Global Network. Itinerant agents are programs, dispatched from a source computer, that roam among a set of networked servers until they accomplish their task. This is an extension to the client/server model in which the client sends a portion of itself to the server for execution. An additional feature of itinerant agents is their ability to migrate from server to server, perhaps seeking one that can help with the user’s task or perhaps collecting information
Morphology of Thermoset Polyimides by Positron Annihilation Spectroscopy (1994)

Thermoset polyimides have great potential for successfully meeting tough stress and temperature challenges in the advanced aircraft development program. However, studies of structure/property relationships in these materials have not been very successful so far. Positron annihilation spectroscopy has been used to investigate free volumes and associated parameters. It has been noted that the free volume correlates well with the molecular weight, cross-link density and thermal coefficient of expansion of these materials. Currently no other techniques are available for direct measurement of these parameters. Experimental results and their interpretations will be discussed.
Anti-goitrous effect of lecithin-bound iodine in propylthiouracil treated rats. (2000)

These results suggest that LBI may exert its anti-goitrous effects, consisting of the inhibition of ODC activity and apoptosis, in the form of inorganic iodide in vivo.
Voltage-controlled superconducting magnetic memory (2019)

Over the past few decades, superconducting circuits have been used to realize various novel electronic devices such as quantum bits, SQUIDs, parametric amplifiers, etc. One domain, however, where superconducting circuits fall short is information storage. Superconducting memories are based on the quantization of magnetic flux in superconducting loops. Standard implementations store information as magnetic flux quanta in a superconducting loop interrupted by two Josephson junctions (i.e., a SQUID). However, due to the large inductance required, the size of the SQUID loop cannot be scaled below several micrometers, resulting in low-density memory chips. Here, we propose a scalable memory consisting of a voltage-biased superconducting ring threaded by a half-quantum flux bias. By numerically solving the time-dependent Ginzburg-Landau equations, we show that applying a time-dependent bias voltage in the microwave range constitutes a writing mechanism to change the number of stored flux quanta within the ring. Since the proposed device does not require a large loop inductance, it can be scaled down, enabling a high-density memory technology.
MOSAIC V-a very high performance bipolar technology (2002)

The authors describe the initial implementation of MOSAIC V (Motorola oxide isolated self-aligned implanted circuits, fifth generation), a novel silicon process technology. A number of innovative process approaches and novel methods of aggressive device scaling result in deep submicron device structures in the range of 0.1-0.4 mu m. A very low speed-power product of 92 fJ at 3.3-V supply voltage for ECL (emitter coupled logic) gates is obtained in the lower range of operating currents, with typical gate delays of 73 ps at 100 mu A and 35 ps at 800 mu A switch currents. Using a selectively implanted collector, a minimum ECL gate delay of 29 ps at 800 mu A switch current is achievable.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Congestion-Aware Spatial Routing in Hybrid High-Mobility Wireless Multihop Networks (2012)

We develop a spatial framework to provide end-to-end delay estimates and guarantees in mobile multihop networks. The novel aspect of this approach is the attribution of network and MAC layer congestion to space, which enables congestion-aware routing and provides delay guarantees over a much longer duration than that achieved by the routing algorithms based on individual nodes. In a mathematically rigorous setting, first, we prove that over the duration during which the node density and the traffic pattern remain stationary, the expected values of local congestion and end-to-end delay roughly remain invariant. Second, we present an accurate method of delay estimation over geographic paths, namely path integration, and derive an upper bound for its estimation error. Further, we develop a congestion-aware routing protocol that utilizes the spatial maps of network congestion to enable delay-optimized routing of real-time applications. Through extensive QualNet simulations, we perform a detailed evaluation of the presented framework and the routing protocol in a realistic setup. The simulation studies demonstrate that the proposed scheme provides substantial improvements in the delivery of real-time applications for a wide range of node densities, velocities, and data traffic.
Regulation of hematopoietic cell function by inhibitory immunoglobulin G receptors and their inositol lipid phosphatase effectors (2008)

Numerous autoimmune and inflammatory disorders stem from the dysregulation of hematopoietic cell activation. The activity of inositol lipid and protein tyrosine phosphatases, and the receptors that recruit them, is critical for prevention of these disorders. Balanced signaling by inhibitory and activating receptors is now recognized to be an important factor in tuning cell function and inflammatory potential. In this review, we provide an overview of current knowledge of membrane proximal events in signaling by inhibitory/regulatory receptors focusing on structural and functional characteristics of receptors and their effectors Src homology 2 (SH2) domain-containing tyrosine phosphatase 1 and SH2 domain-containing inositol 5-phosphatase-1. We review use of new strategies to identify novel regulatory receptors and effectors. Finally, we discuss complementary actions of paired inhibitory and activating receptors, using Fc gammaRIIA and Fc gammaRIIB regulation human basophil activation as a prototype.
EPR&#x2122; reactor neutron instrumentation (2013)

The core safety during operation is linked, in particular, to the respect of criteria related to the heat generated in fuel rods and to the heat exchange between the rods and the coolant. This local power information is linked to the power distribution in the core. In order to evaluate the core power distribution, the EPRTM reactor relies on several types of neutron detectors: - ionization chambers and proportional counters located outside the vessel and used for protection and monitoring - a fixed incore instrumentation based on Cobalt Self Powered Neutron Detectors used for protection and monitoring - a mobile reference incore instrumentation based on Vanadium aeroballs. This document provides a description of this instrumentation and its use in core protection, limitation, monitoring and control functions. In particular, a description of the detectors and the principles of their signal generation is supplied as well as the description of the treatments related to these detectors in the EPRTM reactor I&C systems (including periodical calibration).