gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Learning Hypergraphs Tensor Representations from Data via t-HGSP (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Representation learning considering high-order relationships in data has recently shown to be advantageous in many applications. The construction of a meaningful hypergraph plays a crucial role in the success of hypergraph-based representation learning methods, which is particularly useful in hypergraph neural networks and hypergraph signal processing. However, a meaningful hypergraph may only be available in specific cases. This paper addresses the challenge of learning the underlying hypergraph topology from the data itself. As in graph signal processing applications, we consider the case in which the data possesses certain regularity or smoothness on the hypergraph. To this end, our method builds on the novel tensor-based hypergraph signal processing framework (t-HGSP) that has recently emerged as a powerful tool for preserving the intrinsic high-order structure of data on hypergraphs. Given the hypergraph spectrum and frequency coefficient definitions within the t-HGSP framework, we propose a method to learn the hypergraph Laplacian from data by minimizing the total variation on the hypergraph (TVL-HGSP). Additionally, we introduce an alternative approach (PDL-HGSP) that improves the connectivity of the learned hypergraph without compromising sparsity and use primal-dual-based algorithms to reduce the computational complexity. Finally, we combine the proposed learning algorithms with novel tensor-based hypergraph convolutional neural networks to propose hypergraph learning-convolutional neural networks (t-HyperGLNN).&lt;/p&gt;
Reaction Discovery Using Neopentylene-Tethered Coupling Partners: Cycloisomerization/Oxidation of Electron-Deficient Dienynes (2017)

A rhodium-catalyzed cycloisomerization and oxidation of tethered dienynes for the synthesis of indanes is described. An auxiliary fragmentation/olefination method (also described herein) provides novel access to tethered alkyne-dienoate substrates. The reported method circumvents current limitations in and expands the scope of inverse-demand Diels-Alder-type cycloadditions. Traditional discovery substrates involving malonate-, ether-, and sulfonamide-based tethers are problematic in the current methodology, underscoring the unique virtue of neopentylene-tethered substrates for reaction discovery.
Full-duplex relays under multilevel coding: Correlation design via modulation labeling (2017)

Unlike the half-duplex relay, the performance of the full-duplex relay is highly sensitive to the correlation between the source and relay codebooks. Linear coding complicates the design of correlated codebooks, for example in multilevel coding (MLC) linear codes at each layer can only have correlation zero or one, leading to a performance penalty that has been characterized in earlier work. In this paper, we propose a new design technique that significantly reduces the correlation penalty of linear codes via intelligent labeling for the modulation. The basic idea is as follows: the chain rule for mutual information, which is the backbone of MLC, is not-unique in two ways: the labeling of modulation constellation as well as the ordering of the chain rule. Our optimization at each level pushes the mutual information terms involving new information (for the relay) or beamforming information to zero or one. In effect this finds a suitable decomposition of overall correlation to a set of binary correlations at individual levels of MLC. Simulations show that point-to-point LDPC codes in combination with the proposed correlation design lead to excellent performance.
Pantalar Arthrodesis (2000)

Summary: In addition to Stage IV posterior tibial tendon insufficiency, pantalar arthrodesis has been indicated for neuromuscular conditions, Charcot hindfoot, and posttraumatic arthritis. Comprising both arthrodesis of the ankle and hindfoot with little reserve compensation in the remaining foot, the procedure is one of the most technically demanding procedures of the hindfoot. This article discusses the technical aspects involved with achieving a successful arthrodesis, in addition to avoiding potential complications.
The design of metal detector and locator based on SCM (2015)

The system uses STM32F103ZET6 as the controller and uses the TI company LDC1000 digital/inductive converter as the metal detection module. With the radial movement of metal detection sensor and the angle scanning control of the stepper motor,the system realizes the full range scanning and detecting for the metal detection area.The LCD display shows the detection position,and when metal is detected,the system will alarm by sound and light. The system has many features such as high precision,fast detection,high performance-price ratio etc..
Formal Models and Verified Protocols for Group Messaging: Attacks and Proofs for IETF MLS (2019)

Group conversations are supported by most modern messaging applications, but the security guarantees they offer are significantly weaker than those for two-party protocols like Signal. The problem is that mechanisms that are efficient for two parties do not scale well to large dynamic groups where members may be regularly added and removed. Further, group messaging introduces subtle new security requirements that require new solutions. The IETF Messaging Layer Security (MLS) working group is standardizing a new asynchronous group messaging protocol that aims to achieve strong guarantees like forward secrecy and post-compromise security for large dynamic groups. In this paper, we define a formal framework for group messaging in the F language and use it to compare the security and performance of several candidate MLS protocols up to draft 7. We present a succinct, executable, formal specification and symbolic security proof for TreeKEMB, the group key establishment protocol in MLS draft 7. Our analysis finds new attacks and we propose verified fixes, which are now being incorporated into MLS. Ours is the first mechanically checked proof for MLS, and our analysis technique is of independent interest, since it accounts for groups of unbounded size, stateful recursive data structures, and fine-grained compromise.
Photocurrent and photoluminescence measurements in the near-band-edge region of 6H GaN (1998)

The optical transitions near the band edge in molecular-beam epitaxy grown 6H GaN films on sapphire have been studied by photocurrent (PC) and photoluminescence (PL) measurements. The low-temperature PC spectra show well-resolved free-exciton transitions, which allow us to determine the A, B, and C free-exciton energies and the corresponding direct band gaps. PL measurements were performed to check the assignment of the excitonic transitions and to derive strain-dependent excitonic parameters from the energetic position of the free A exciton transition, which serve as an input to the fit function for the PC spectra. Variation of the sample temperature between 5 and 300 K allows us to extract the temperature dependence of the band gap.
The Smell of New Competitors: The Response of American Mink,Mustela vison, to the Odours of Otter,Lutra lutraand Polecat,M. putorius (2009)

Abstract We tested the response of wild American mink (an established alien species in the UK), to the odours of unfamiliar mink, European polecat and Eurasian otter. Polecats are similar in size and habits to mink, otters are larger than mink and a dominant competitor; both are native to the UK and both were absent during the original colonization by mink but are now undergoing natural population recoveries. The response of mink to experimental odours was assessed by counting the numbers of tracks (footprints) on rafts treated with anal gland secretions, and compared with response to a control raft, on two rivers in the Upper Thames valley, UK. Remote video showed that the number of tracks was positively correlated with the time that mink spent investigating an odour. We found that mink were attracted to the odours of both unfamiliar mink and polecats. There was little evidence that mink avoided the odour of otters. We suggest that, during an encounter with a polecat, mink may behave much as they would to a conspecific. We infer from the response of mink to the odour of otters, that, if mink do avoid otters, the mechanism of avoidance is likely to be complex, situation‐dependent and perhaps affected by prior experience.
Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Isomaltodextrin in a C57BL/6NCrl Mouse Model with Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Low-Grade Chronic Inflammation (2019)

：The purpose of this study was to identify the anti-inflammatory activity and mechanism of isomaltodextrin (IMD) in a C57BL/6NCrl mouse model with lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced systemic low-grade chronic inflammation and the effect on inflammation-induced potential risk of metabolic disorders. Pre-treatment of IMD decreased the production of pro-inflammatory mediators, TNF-α and MCP-1, and stimulated the production of the anti-inflammatory mediator, adiponectin by increasing the protein expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-γ) in the white adipose tissues. IMD administration reduced plasma concentrations of endotoxin, decreased macrophage infiltration into adipocytes, and increased expression of mucin 2, mucin 4, and the tight junction protein claudin 4. These results suggest that IMD administration exerted an anti-inflammatory effect on mice with LPS-induced inflammation, potentially by decreasing circulating endotoxin, suppressing pro-inflammatory mediators and macrophage infiltration, or by improving mucus or tight junction integrity. IMD exerted protein expression of insulin receptor subset-1 (IRS-1). IMD alleviated the disturbance of gut microflora in LPS-treated mice, as the number of <i>B. bifidum</i>, <i>L.</i> <i>casei</i><i>,</i> and <i>B. fragilis</i> increased, and <i>E. coli</i> and <i>C. difficile</i> decreased, when compared to LPS-treated mice. The analysis of short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) further supported that the concentrations of acetic and butyric acids were positively correlated with IMD, as well as the number of beneficial bacteria. This study provides evidence that IMD possesses anti-inflammatory properties and exerts beneficial functions to prevent systemic low-grade chronic inflammation and reduces the risk of developing insulin resistance and associated metabolic diseases.
Synthetic directed evolution in plants: unlocking trait engineering and improvement (2021)

Genetic variation accelerates adaptation and resilience and enables the survival of species in their changing environment. Increasing the genetic diversity of crop species is essential to improve their yield and enhance food security. Synthetic directed evolution (SDE) employs localized sequence diversification (LSD) of gene sequence and selection pressure to evolve gene variants with better fitness, improved properties and desired phenotypes. Recently, CRISPR-Cas-dependent and -independent technologies have been applied for LSD to mediate synthetic evolution in diverse species, including plants. SDE holds excellent promise to discover, accelerate and expand the range of traits of the value in crop species. Here, we highlight the efficient SDE approaches for the LSD of plant genes, selection strategies and critical traits for targeted improvement. We discuss the potential of emerging technologies, including CRISPR-Cas base editing, retron editing, EvolvR and prime editing, to establish efficient SDE in plants. Moreover, we cover CRISPR-Cas-independent technologies, including T7 polymerase editor for continuous evolution. We highlight the key challenges and potential solutions of applying SDE technologies to improve the plant traits of the value.
GAS EXCHANGE KINETICS DURING MAXIMAL CYCLING IN NORMOXIA, HYPEROXIA AND HYPOXIA (1998)

1088 The purpose of the present study was to analyze the effects of oxygen fraction in inspired air (F1O2) on the kinetics of oxygen uptake(VO2), carbon dioxide production (VCO2), ventilation (VE) and heart rate (HR) during maximal exercise. Eleven national level triathletes and cyclists exercised maximally for seven minutes on an electrically braked cycle ergometer in normoxia (F1O2 0.21), hyperoxia (F1O2 0.30) and hypoxia (F1O2 0.17) in a randomized order. Ventilation and gas exchange were monitored breath-by-breath. Inspired and expired gas volumes were measured by a turbine flowmeter. Fractional gas concentrations were monitored by a quadrupole respiratory mass spectrometer and heart rate by ECG. Mean response times (MRT) of 0-63% and 10-90% increase were calculated in three phases: Phase 1 0-15 s; Phase 2 15 s-3 min; Phase 3 3-7 min. ANOVA for repeated measures was used to compare the three trials. The following MRTs(means in seconds) were obtained: TableTableIn general, the MRTs tended to be shortest in hypoxia and longest in hyperoxia. The results suggest that during Phase 2 the lack of available oxygen causes a shorter MRT for VCO2 and VE, but mostly the F1O2 has no significant effect on gas exchange kinetics.
ChemInform Abstract: ASYMMETRIC REDUCTION OF KETONES VIA HYDROSILYLATION CATALYZED BY A RHODIUM(I) COMPLEX WITH CHIRAL PHOSPHINE LIGANDS (1974)

Abstract Aus dem optisch aktiven Benzylmethylphenylphosphin (I) werden mit den Organc Rhodiumverbindungen (II) und (III) optisch aktive Katalysatoren hergestellt, die bei der Umsetzung der Ketone (IV) mit den Silanen (V) in Benzol bei 50°C zu den l Silyläthern (VI) eingesetzt werden.
Intercellular Communication Within the Anterior Pituitary Influencing the Secretion of Hypophysial Hormones* (1992)

THE study of paracrine and autocrine interactions within the anterior pituitary—cell to cell interactions which influence the secretion of other hormones with extrapituitary physiological actions—has been the focus of expanding research efforts in the last 3–4 yr. It is undeniable that many earlier investigations have aimed to delineate paracrine interactions. In this regard the efforts of Carl Denef (1) and numerous investigators who have studied the pituitary angiotensin II system (see, for example, Ref. 2) cannot be overstated. Nevertheless, the numbers of studies and breadth of investigation have clearly increased recently. Indeed, the prompting of this review is due in no small measure to the simple observation of the increasing number of papers, relevant to paracrine interactions in the anterior pituitary, presented at the Annual Meeting of The Endocrine Society over the past 3 yr. Why has this occurred? One simple explanation is that the adaptation of novel methodology to the study of the physiology of the anterior pituitary has yielded convincing and often surprising evidence for cell-cell communication. These novel methods include:
Representation of Structural Relationships in the Foundational Model of Anatomy (2001)

Previous attempts at the symbolic representation of anatomical relationships have been largely limited to partonomy. We propose an ontology of anatomical relationships and illustrate the inheritance of structural attributes in the Digital Anatomist Foundational Model. Our purpose is to generate a sharable resource that can support inference about the structural organization of the body.\n\n
Alteration of Endothelin-1 Concentration in STZ-Induced Diabetic Rat Nephropathy (2001)

In STZ-induced rats, increased serum ET-1 levels and a tendency to increase in renal tissue ET-1 levels were associated with increases in urinary albumin and NAG levels, and these levels were decreased by a PGI(2) derivative. These findings suggested that increased ET-1 concentrations assist development and progression of diabetic nephropathy, especially diabetic microangiopathy, and the PGI(2) derivative may be effective for inhibition of diabetic microangiopathy mediated by reduction of ET-1 concentrations.
Treatment of a murine model of systemic candidiasis with liposomal amphotericin B bearing antibody to Candida albicans (1989)

Survival of mice infected with an intravenous injection of Candida albicans was observed in a short-term (21-day) survival study. Concentration of C. albicans in the kidneys, liver, and spleen was determined at various times. The effects of treatment with the commercial formulation of amphotericin B (fAMB), liposomal amphotericin B (LAMB), and liposomal amphotericin B bearing external antibody specific for C. albicans (LAMB-Ab) were compared. In single intravenous treatment dosages of 0.6 mg of amphotericin B/kg, the liposomal forms of the drug (LAMB and LAMB-Ab) enhanced the percentage survival and mean survival time of mice in comparison with those treated with the unencapsulated antifungal compound, fAMB (p less than 0.03 and p less than 0.001, respectively). LAMB-Ab, at this dosage, produced an increase in the survival (p less than 0.007) of mice over that produced by LAMB. LAMB-Ab treatment caused a greater than 3-fold increase over fAMB. The percentage of LAMB-Ab-treated mice which survived for 21 days was almost double that of the LAMB-treated mice. The increase in survival following this treatment did not, however, lead to the eradication of C. albicans in all mice which survived to the end of the experiment.
Effects of solvent on the properties of nano-sized glass powders prepared by flame spray pyrolysis (2008)

The types of solvent affected the properties of nano-sized Pb-based glass powders prepared by flame spray pyrolysis. The glass powders prepared from the alcohol-free spray solution was Pb rich in comparison with the composition of the spray solution. However, the addition of alcohol to the spray solution decreased the atomic ratio of Pb to Si components in the nano-sized glass powders. The addition of ethyl alcohol or methyl alcohol to the spray solution improved the characteristics of the inner structures and transmittances of the dielectric layers fired at a low temperature of 460°C. The transmittances of the dielectric layers formed from the nano-sized glass powders obtained from the spray solution containing alcohol were higher than 80% within the visible range at a low firing temperature of 460°C. However, the transmittances of the dielectric layers formed from the micron-sized and nano-sized glass powders had similar transmittances higher than 90% in the visible range at the firing temperature of 520°C.
Effect of Rumen-Protected Methionine and Lysine on Casein in Milk When Diets High in Fat or Concentrate are Fed (1990)

To examine the effect of supplying methionine and lysine on milk N composition, isoenergetic, isonitrogenous diets containing 50:50 with 3.9% added fat or 25:75 forage to concentrate with no added fat were fed with or without rumen-protected methionine and lysine to four primiparous and four multiparous early lactation (36 d in milk) Holstein cows in two 4 x 4 Latin squares. Diets contained 1.7 Mcal NE1 and were fed for ad libitum intake. Periods were 21 d. Rumen-protected methionine and lysine increased total N and casein N percentage with the 3.9% fat, but did not increase total N and casein N percentage with the diet without fat. Whey N percentage was greater with the no fat than with the 3.9% fat diet. Whey N percentage was not affected by adding amino acids. Nonprotein N percentage was greater for the diet with the 3.9% fat than with no fat. Proportions of casein N or whey N to total N were unaffected by treatments. Adding methionine and lysine to diets did not increase yields of total N and casein N. The 3.9% fat diet increased proportions of long-chain (C18:0 and C18:1) and decreased proportions of short- to medium-chain fatty acids (C8 to C16) in milk fat. Plasma nonesterified fatty acids and triglyceride concentrations were greater with the 3.9% fat as compared to the no fat diet. Methionine and lysine decreased plasma triglyceride concentrations with the 3.9% fat diet. Milk yields, DM intakes, and plasma glucose concentrations were unaffected by treatment.
Diffraction based overlay re-assessed (2011)

In recent years, numerous authors have reported the advantages of Diffraction Based Overlay (DBO) over Image Based Overlay (IBO), mainly by comparison of metrology figures of merit such as TIS and TMU. Some have even gone as far as to say that DBO is the only viable overlay metrology technique for advanced technology nodes; 22nm and beyond. Typically the only reported drawback of DBO is the size of the required targets. This severely limits its effective use, when all critical layers of a product, including double patterned layers need to be measured, and in-die overlay measurements are required. In this paper we ask whether target size is the only limitation to the adoption of DBO for overlay characterization and control, or are there other metrics, which need to be considered. For example, overlay accuracy with respect to scanner baseline or on-product process overlay control? In this work, we critically re-assess the strengths and weaknesses of DBO for the applications of scanner baseline and on-product process layer overlay control. A comprehensive comparison is made to IBO. For on product process layer control we compare the performance on critical process layers; Gate, Contact and Metal. In particularly we focus on the response of the scanner to the corrections determined by each metrology technique for each process layer, as a measure of the accuracy. Our results show that to characterize an overlay metrology technique that is suitable for use in advanced technology nodes requires much more than just evaluating the conventional metrology metrics of TIS and TMU.
Do Current Recommendations for Upper Instrumented Vertebra Predict Shoulder Imbalance? An Attempted Validation of Level Selection for Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis (2015)

We could not identify a set of UIV selection criteria that accurately predicted post-surgical shoulder balance. Further validated measures are needed in this area. The complexity of proximal thoracic curve correction is underscored in a case example, where shoulder imbalance occurred despite "Correct" UIV selection by all methods.
Mechanisms of Fluoroquinolone Resistance in Escherichia coli Isolates from Food-Producing Animals (2011)

Eleven multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli isolates (comprising 6 porcine and 5 bovine field isolates) displaying fluoroquinolone (FQ) resistance were selected from a collection obtained from the University Veterinary Hospital (Dublin, Ireland). MICs of nalidixic acid and ciprofloxacin were determined by Etest. All showed MICs of nalidixic acid of >256 μg/ml and MICs of ciprofloxacin ranging from 4 to >32 μg/ml. DNA sequencing was used to identify mutations within the quinolone resistance-determining regions of target genes, and quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) was used to evaluate the expression of the major porin, OmpF, and component genes of the AcrAB-TolC efflux pump and its associated regulatory loci. Decreased MIC values to nalidixic acid and/or ciprofloxacin were observed in the presence of the efflux pump inhibitor phenylalanine-arginine-β-naphthylamide (PAβN) in some but not all isolates. Several mutations were identified in genes coding for quinolone target enzymes (3 to 5 mutations per strain). All isolates harbored GyrA amino acid substitutions at positions 83 and 87. Novel GyrA (Asp87 → Ala), ParC (Ser80 → Trp), and ParE (Glu460 → Val) substitutions were observed. The efflux activity of these isolates was evaluated using a semiautomated ethidium bromide (EB) uptake assay. Compared to wild-type E. coli K-12 AG100, isolates accumulated less EB, and in the presence of PAβN the accumulation of EB increased. Upregulation of the acrB gene, encoding the pump component of the AcrAB-TolC efflux pump, was observed in 5 of 11 isolates, while 10 isolates showed decreased expression of OmpF. This study identified multiple mechanisms that likely contribute to resistance to quinolone-based drugs in the field isolates studied.