gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Self and Polycross Progeny Testing in Birdsfoot Trefoil (Lotus corniculatus L.) for Forage and Seed Yield (1987)

Abstract Self and cross fertility, forage and seed yield of parents, self (Sl), and polycross (PX) progenies were measured in a selected and an unselected population of birdsfoot trefoil ( Lotus corniculatus L.), Self fertility was significantly less than cross fertility in both populations. In a field planting S1 progenies had lower forage yield in 1979 and 1980 and seed yield (relative to the parents) was less in the selected population than the unselected in 1979. All correlation coefficients between years and progenies were non‐significant for forage yield bur the parents‐poly cross progeny correlation was significant for seed yield in the selected population. Percentage survival of plants after cutting in 1980 was higher in the selected population, and the parents and PX progenies survived better than S1 progenies in both populations. The better performance of the selected population may be due, in pan, to higher frequency of favorable genes resulting from four cycles of recurrent selection, S1 progeny testing does not appear to be worth while in birdsfoot trefoil because of low self fertility and the reduced vigour of the progeny.
Synthesis, stereochemistry, and opioid receptor binding activity of heterocyclic analogues of BW373U86 (1995)

Abstract The synthesis of a series of heterocyclic analogues of (±)‐4‐((α R *)‐α‐((2 S *,5 R *)‐4‐allyl‐2,5‐dimethyl‐1‐piperazmyl)‐3‐hydroxybenzyl)‐ N,N ‐diethylbenzarrude (BW373U86) for screening against opioid receptors is described. The intermediate α‐heterocyclic benzyl alcohols 24 were synthesized either by low temperature reaction of lithioheterocycles with 3‐(( tert ‐butyldimethylsilyl)oxy)benzaldehyde ( 10 ) or by reaction of 3‐(( tert ‐butyldimethylsilyl)oxy)phenylmagnesium bromide ( 19 ) with heterocyclic carbaldehydes. The α‐heterocyclic benzyl alcohols 24 were converted to chloromethines ( 25 ) with thionyl chloride and used to alkylate with trans ‐1‐allyl‐2,5‐dimethylpiperazine ( 5 ) to give diastereomeric pairs of the target compounds. The bromoheterocycles were then derivatized to produce amides. Compounds that are potent and selective for the 5 or μ opioid receptors and some mixed δ/μ analogues are reported.
The Molecular Adsorbents Recycling System as a Liver Support System Based on Albumin Dialysis: A Summary of Preclinical Investigations, Prospective, Randomized, Controlled Clinical Trial, and Clinical Experience from 19 Centers (2002)

Artificial liver support aims to prolong survival time of patients with liver failure by detoxification. Albumin as a molecular adsorbent in dialysis solution is capable of attracting even tightly albumin-bound toxins from blood into the dialysate if a specific dialysis membrane is used and if the albumin's binding sites are on-line-purified by a sorbent/dialysis-based recycling system (i.e., molecular adsorbents recycling system, or MARS). The MARS technology has been shown to remove water-soluble and albumin-bound toxins and to provide renal support in case of renal failure. Fourteen centers have reported that MARS treatment improved mental status of patients with liver failure and hepatic encephalopathy. In treating liver failure and cholestasis, MARS was associated with hemodynamic stabilization, improvement of hepatic and kidney function, and disappearance of pruritus. In hepatic failure and hepatorenal syndrome, a prospective, randomized, controlled trial of MARS treatment was able to prolong survival time significantly. MARS has been used in 26 patients with acute liver failure or primary graft dysfunction. Nineteen centers reporting on 103 patients have shown that MARS treatment is safe, easy to handle, feasible, and effective.
Root Growth Under Salinity Stress (2002)

Salinity inhibits growth and development of most plants. Inhibition of shoot and root development is the primary response to the stress. Growth, morphology, anatomy, and physiology of roots are affected by salinity. Changes in water and ion uptake and production of hormonal signals that communicate information to the shoot might induce changes in development. Since root growth is usually less sensitive to salt stress than shoot growth, an increased root/shoot ratio is often observed when plants are subjected to saline conditions (Cheeseman, 1988; Rawson et al., 1988; Cruz and Cuatreno, 1990). Root growth of halophytes may be affected differently (Waisel, 1972, 1989). The underlying mechanisms involved in the inhibition processes of root growth are not clearly established. Restriction of root growth by salinity reduces the soil volume that can be explored by the root and hence the availability and uptake of water and essential minerals. The diminished supply of nutrients to the shoot may contribute to growth reduction (Delane et al., 1982; Pitman, 1984; Bernstein et al., 1993a,b; Lazof and Bernstein, 1998). The increase in root/shoot ratio under stress which might diminish the demand for element supply to the shoot has a potential to increase the ability of the root to supply those elements, and hence might present an adaptive advantage (Cheeseman, 1988). A potentially negative effect of such a change is the decreased ability of the shoot to supply assimilates to the roots and the growing tissues, which is likely to affect plant development and survival particularly under long-term salinization (Munns and Termaat, 1986; Cheeseman, 1993).
Ripple reduction poloidal field coils for Tokamak fusion reactors (1981)

Ripple Reduction Poloidal Field (RRPF) coils consist of dipole magnetic coils placed above and below the plane of a tokamak plasma in order to produce the vertical and shaping field needed for plasma equilibrium and at the same time to reduce the magnetic ripple from discrete toroidal field (TF) coils. A design is presented which reduces the ripple produced by 8 TF coils with INTOR dimensions from more than 2% to less than 0.1% throughout the plasma. With this design, it is found that the poloidal field from the coils can be adjusted independent of the ripple reduction. Coil currents are found for which there are computed free-boundary plasma equilibria with elongated cross section.
A Mild and Efficient Method for Tetrahydropyranylation/Depyranylation of Alcohols and Phenols Under Neutral Conditions (2000)

Abstract Alcohols and phenols are tetrahydropyranylated rapidly in high yields in the presence of lithium bromide and dichloromethane at room temperature. Deprotection of these THP ethers can also be effected readily by mere change of the solvent to methanol and refluxing with excess lithium bromide. Due to neutral reaction conditions employed, the method is also compatible with compounds having acid sensitive functional groups.
A Study of Information Needs and Information Behaviors of the Primary Caregivers of Children and Adolescents with Rare Diseases (2016)

Rare diseases by definition do not occur often and it is difficult to provide palliative care for those affected due to the lack of information and treatment for those rare diseases. The families of those with rare diseases bear a heavy burden and have a harder time than even the families of disabled people. This research’s goal is to provide the families of those with rare diseases with information on how to provide care for their family members. The study uses the qualitative research method of semi-structured interview. We interviewed 10 rare disease children and adolescents’ primary caregivers. The results of the study indicated that if no one suffers from the rare diseases in their family, primary caregivers are not aware of the rare disease information. After their initial diagnosis, the caregivers will want to know how to best care for their family member, from how best to provide supportive care to providing physical therapy, in order to improve their quality of life and prognosis. When they discover their child’s disease is incurable, primary caregivers need information about social welfare and their child’s future. The main source of medical care information is provided by hospitals and patient-support organizations. Regarding information behavior, primary caregivers employ the information which they obtain and they either check the information they obtain with a professional authority, multiple sources, or compare it with patient experience to validate if the information is accurate or not. Finally, primary caregivers are glad to share what they find with other families that have children with a rare disease. They may use different ways of sharing information such as the Internet or face to face. [Article content in Chinese with English extended abstract]
Canine hair‐follicle keratinocytes enriched with bulge cells have the highly proliferative characteristic of stem cells (2009)

Homeostasis of the epidermis and skin appendages is maintained by tissue-specific stem cells. In mice and humans, two populations of epithelial stem cells have been identified: one in the basal layer of the interfollicular epidermis and another in the bulge area of hair follicles. However, our understanding of canine epithelial stem cells is extremely limited. In this study, in vitro colony-forming assays were performed to locate highly proliferative keratinocytes in canine skin. Their phenotypic resemblance to epithelial stem cells in other species was also assessed. When equal numbers of epidermal or hair-follicle keratinocytes were cultured, colonies derived from follicular keratinocytes were significantly larger both in total numbers and size, than those derived from epidermal keratinocytes. In addition, immunoreactivity for CD34, a putative bulge stem-cell marker in the mouse, was predominantly detected in follicular keratinocytes. Thus in dogs, follicular keratinocytes were distinct from epidermal keratinocytes in proliferative capacity and CD34 expression. Using microdissection, highly proliferative keratinocytes were located within the middle portion of hair follicles, including the bulge area. Immunohistochemical study revealed that keratin 15, an established marker of bulge stem cells in mice and humans, was also predominantly expressed in the canine bulge area. Flow cytometry analysis revealed high numbers of keratin-15-positive cells in the highly proliferative keratinocyte compartment. Of note, keratin 15(high) cells possessed the phenotypic characteristics of putative stem cells. This study represents the first in vitro identification and isolation of highly proliferative canine keratinocytes, which represent candidate epithelial stem cells.
Simultaneous Determination of Isothiazolinones and Parabens in Cosmetic Products Using Solid-Phase Extraction and Ultra-High Performance Liquid Chromatography/Diode Array Detector (2020)

Isothiazolinones methylisothiazolinone (MI) and methylchloroisothiazolinone (MCI), and parabens methylparaben (MP), ethylparaben (EP), propylparaben (PP) and butylparaben (BP) are the most common synthetic preservatives. They are all known to be potential skin allergens that lead to contact dermatitis. Thus, the identification of these unsafe chemicals in cosmetic products is of high importance. In the present study, solid-phase extraction (SPE) based on HyperSep reversed-phase C8/benzene sulfonic acid ion exchanger (HyperSep C8/BSAIE) and Sep-Pak C18 sorbents, and ultra-high performance liquid chromatography/diode array detector (UHPLC/DAD) were optimized for the simultaneous determination of MI, MCI, MP, EP, PP and BP in cosmetic products. HyperSep C8/BSAIE and UHPLC/DAD with the eluting solvent mixture (acetonitrile/methanol, 2:1, <i>v</i>/<i>v</i>) and detection wavelength (255 nm) were found to be the optimal conditions, respectively. The method illustrates the excellent linearity range (0.008-20 μg/mL) with coefficient of determination (R<sup>2</sup>, 0.997-0.999), limits of detection (LOD, 0.001-0.002 μg/mL), precision in terms of relative standard deviation (RSD < 3%, intra-day and <6%, inter-day) when examining a standard mixture at low (0.07 µg/mL), medium (3 µg/mL) and high (15 µg/mL) concentrations. A total of 31 cosmetic samples were studied, achieving concentrations (MI, not detected (nd)-0.89 µg/g), (MCI, nd-0.62 µg/g), (MP, nd-6.53 µg/g), (EP, nd-0.90 µg/g), (PP, nd-9.69 µg/g) and (BP, nd-17.80 µg/g). Recovery values ranged from 92.33 to 101.43% depending on the types of sample. To our knowledge, this is the first specific method which covers the theme and describes background amounts of such preservatives in cosmetics.
Mining high-speed data streams (2000)

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Rearranged and germline immunoglobulin .kappa. genes: different states of DNase I sensitivity of C.kappa. genes in immunocompetent and nonimmune cells (1981)

The rearrangement of a variable (V) and a constant (C) gene appears to be a necessary prerequisite for immunoglobulin gene expression. Multiple different rearranged kappa genes were found in several mouse myelomas, although these cells produce only one type of kappa chain [Wilson, R., Miller, J., & Storb, U. (1979) Biochemistry 18, 5013--5021]. It is therefore of interest to understand how only one allele within a lymphoid cell becomes expressed, while the other allele remains nonfunctional ("allelic exclusion"). We have studied the chromatin conformation of kappa genes by making use of the preferential digestion of potentially active genes by DNase I described, for example, for globin genes [Weintraub, H., & Groudine, M. (1976) Science (Washington, D.C.) 193, 848--856]. The DNase I sensitivity of kappa genes in myeloma tumors, in a B cell lymphoma, and in liver was determined by hybridization with DNA on Southern blots. It was found that rearranged C kappa genes are DNase I sensitive in myelomas in which several kappa genes are rearranged, regardless of whether the rearranged genes code for the kappa chains synthesized by the cell. Furthermore, the C kappa gene in germline configuration is also DNase I sensitive in a B cell lymphoma; i.e., it is in the same chromatin state as the rearranged C kappa gene which probably codes for the kappa chains produced by the cell. The altered chromatin state appears to be localized: V kappa genes in germline context are not DNase I sensitive in myeloma or B lymphoma cells while C kappa genes present in a kappa gene cluster on the same chromosomes are sensitive. When rearranged, however, the V kappa genes are as sensitive to DNase I as are rearranged C kappa genes. V lambda and C lambda genes are not DNase I sensitive in kappa myelomas. Thus, commitment to kappa gene expression is apparently correlated with a chromatin conformation which confers increased DNase I sensitivity to the DNA in the vicinity of all C kappa genes in the cell. "Allelic exclusion" does not operate on the level of chromatin conformation which can be detected by altered DNase I sensitivity.
Programmable polyketide biosynthesis platform for production of aromatic compounds in yeast (2020)

To accelerate the shift to bio-based production and overcome complicated functional implementation of natural and artificial biosynthetic pathways to industry relevant organisms, development of new, versatile, bio-based production platforms is required. Here we present a novel yeast-based platform for biosynthesis of bacterial aromatic polyketides. The platform is based on a synthetic polyketide synthase system enabling a first demonstration of bacterial aromatic polyketide biosynthesis in a eukaryotic host.
Minimum Reconfiguration for Fault Tolerant Manipulators (2010)

When a robotic manipulator is fault tolerant it is beneficial to study the configurations which tolerate non-catastrophic locked joint failures with a minimum relative change for the joint velocities. This problem is addressed using the properties of the condition number of the Jacobian matrix. The relationship between the faults within the joints of the manipulators and the condition number of the Jacobian matrix is used to introduce the optimal configurations for fault recovery. These optimum configurations require a minimum reconfiguration for fault tolerance of robotics manipulators. Then these configurations are studied for a 4-DOF planar manipulator to validate the proposed framework.
A CONVENIENT REDUCTION OF HIGHLY FUNCTIONALIZED AROMATIC CARBOXYLIC ACIDS TO ALCOHOLS WITH BORANE-THF AND BORON TRIFLUORIDE-ETHERATE (2002)

(2002). A CONVENIENT REDUCTION OF HIGHLY FUNCTIONALIZED AROMATIC CARBOXYLIC ACIDS TO ALCOHOLS WITH BORANE-THF AND BORON TRIFLUORIDE-ETHERATE. Organic Preparations and Procedures International: Vol. 34, No. 6, pp. 665-670.
Evidence of dimensional crossover of the spin-glass transition in thinCuMn multilayers (1990)

We have used high-quality ${\mathrm{Cu}}_{92}$${\mathrm{Mn}}_{8}$/${\mathrm{Al}}_{2}$${\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ multilayers to investigate the shift in temperature and the change in scaling behavior of the spin-glass transition as a function of the layer thickness. In the thinnest CuMn layers (60 and 88 \AA{}), the spin-glass exponents determined from the nonlinear susceptibility shift to new values, distinctly different from those for the bulk. These exponents are consistent with numerical studies of 2D spin-glass systems, suggesting that a 3D to 2D crossover occurs.
Maximizing Forward Progress with Cache-aware Backup for Self-powered Non-volatile Processors (2017)

Energy harvesting is replacing battery to power embedded systems such as Internet of Things and wearable devices. Unstable energy supply brings challenges to energy harvesting powered system, resulting in frequent interruptions. Non-volatile processor is proposed to back up volatile logics before energy depletion and recover the system status after energy resumes. The backup efficiency of memory content significantly affects program performance. There are existing researches focusing on backup optimizations, but they did not fully consider cache behaviors. In this paper, we introduce cache persistence analysis into memory backup for self-powered non-volatile processors. The evaluation shows that the proposed cache-aware backup delivers on average 45.6% improvement in forward progress, achieving 40.2% and 12.7% higher system performance compared with instant and cache-unaware backup.
ChemInform Abstract: Studies on Lactams. Part 89. Versatile β‐Lactam Synthons: Enantiospecific Synthesis of (‐)‐Polyoxamic Acid. (1993)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
MUC1-mediated Macrophage Activation Promotes Colitis-associated Colorectal Cancer via Activating the Interleukin-6/ Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 3 Axis (2022)

Our findings provide cellular and molecular mechanisms for the pro-tumorigenic functions of MUC1 in the inflamed colon. Therapeutic strategies to inhibit MUC1 signal transduction warrant consideration for the prevention or therapy of CAC.
Realistic modeling of mesoscopic ephaptic coupling in the human brain (2020)

Several decades of research suggest that weak electric fields may influence neural processing, including those induced by neuronal activity and proposed as a substrate for a potential new cellular communication system, i.e., ephaptic transmission. Here we aim to model mesoscopic ephaptic activity in the human brain and explore its trajectory during aging by characterizing the electric field generated by cortical dipoles using realistic finite element modeling. Extrapolating from electrophysiological measurements, we first observe that modeled endogenous field magnitudes are comparable to those in measurements of weak but functionally relevant self-generated fields and to those produced by noninvasive transcranial brain stimulation, and therefore possibly able to modulate neuronal activity. Then, to evaluate the role of these fields in the human cortex in large MRI databases, we adapt an interaction approximation that considers the relative orientation of neuron and field to estimate the membrane potential perturbation in pyramidal cells. We use this approximation to define a simplified metric (EMOD1) that weights dipole coupling as a function of distance and relative orientation between emitter and receiver and evaluate it in a sample of 401 realistic human brain models from healthy subjects aged 16-83. Results reveal that ephaptic coupling, in the simplified mesoscopic modeling approach used here, significantly decreases with age, with higher involvement of sensorimotor regions and medial brain structures. This study suggests that by providing the means for fast and direct interaction between neurons, ephaptic modulation may contribute to the complexity of human function for cognition and behavior, and its modification across the lifespan and in response to pathology.
Increase in fatty acids and flotillins upon resveratrol treatment of human breast cancer cells (2019)

Flotillin-1 and flotillin-2 are highly conserved proteins that localize into cholesterol-rich microdomains in cellular membranes. Flotillins are closely related to the occurrence and development of various types of human cancers. Flotillin-1 is highly expressed in breast cancer, and the high expression level of flotillin-1 is significantly correlated with poorer patient survival. Here we studied the relationship between the formation of lipid rafts and the expression of flotillins and lipids in human breast cancer cells. We used the polyphenol compound resveratrol to alter the structure and function of the plasma membrane. Our data revealed an increase in fatty acids in MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells upon resveratrol treatment. Interestingly, we also found an increase in the expression of both flotillin-1 and flotillin-2 in breast tumor cells after treatment. Resveratrol also induced changes in the pattern of flotillin distribution among detergent-resistant lipid rafts fractions in both cell lines and induced the nuclear translocation of flotillin-2. Since resveratrol has been pointed out as a putative cancer therapy agent, our results could have an impact on the understanding of the effects of resveratrol in tumor cells.
Does Learning Magnitude Knowledge help Students Learn Procedural Knowledge or Vice Versa (2015)

The present study was designed to explore how learning magnitude knowledge and learning procedural knowledge, with respect to both whole numbers and fractions, might be causally related. Neither magnitude knowledge nor procedural knowledge is necessary or sufficient for learning the other, and yet, correlations between the two are ubiquitous (e.g., Siegler & Pyke, 2013). Using correlational data (Structural Equation Models) and accuracy data (Knowledge Space Theory), potential causal models to describe the data were tested. Structural equation models did not differentiate between learning magnitude knowledge helping to learn procedural knowledge or vice versa. However, knowledge space model testing models of accuracy data provides support for the notion that learning procedural knowledge helps learning magnitude knowledge, and evidence against the reverse notion that learning magnitude knowledge helps learning procedural knowledge.