gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Advanced FRP-Wood Composites in Bridge Applications (2001)

This paper describes two technologies for reinforcing or strengthening timber bridges with Fiber-Reinforced Polymers (FRP). The first consists of reinforcing the tension side of glulam girders or decks with unidirectional FRP. This technology allows to significantly increase the flexural strength of girders, particularly when low-grade laminating stock is used. The second consists of post-tensioning stress-laminated timber decks with transverse Glass FRP (GFRP) 7-wire strands. The paper briefly describes three demonstration bridges constructed in Maine using different aspects of these technologies: (1) the Medway FRP-glulam girder bridge, (2) the Milbridge FRP-glulam deck vehicular pier and (3) the Milbridge GFRP stress-laminated deck.
The Effects of Pharmacopuncture(Eugenia caryophyllata THUNB.) on the High Fat Diet-induced Obese ICR Mice (2013)

Objectives : The purpose on this study is to show the anti-obesity effect of Eugenia caryophyllata Thunb. pharmacopuncture in mice fed a high fat diet. Methods : Male ICR mice were divided into three groups, which were fed a normal AIN diet(N), a high fat diet(CT), a high fat diet and injected with 50 mg/kg of Eugenia caryophyllata Thum. pharmacopuncture(EC) for 8 weeks. Results : 1. The levels of body weight gains were significantly increased in CT compared with N and decreased in EC compared with CT. 2. The levels of absolute liver weight and adipose-tissue weight were significantly decreased in EC compared with CT. The levels of relative adipose-tissue weight were significantly decreased in EC compared with CT. 3. The levels of total cholesterol(TG), triglycerid(TC), high density lipoprotein(HDL) cholesterol and low density lipoprotein(LDL) cholesterol were significantly increased in CT compared with N and decreased in EC compared with CT. The levels of HDL/LDL ratio were shown there were no significant differences in all groups. 4. The levels of adiponectin in serum were remarkably decreased in CT compared with N and significantly increased in EC compared with CT. 5. The levels of measuring adipocyte number in adipose tissue was significantly decreased in CT compared with N and increased in EC compared with CT. Conclusions : These results suggest that Eugenia Caryophyllata Thunb. has an anti-obesity effect in mice and that the effect is mediated by inhibition of fat gain. Key Words: Eugenia caryophyllata Thunb.; Pharmacupuncture; Obesity.
An E box mediates activation and repression of the acetylcholine receptor delta-subunit gene during myogenesis. (1993)

The genes encoding the skeletal muscle acetylcholine receptor (AChR) are induced during muscle development and are regulated subsequently by innervation. Because both the initiation and the subsequent regulation of AChR expression are controlled by transcriptional mechanisms, an understanding of the steps that regulate AChR expression following innervation is likely to require knowledge of the pathway that activates AChR genes during myogenesis. Thus, we sought to identify the cis-acting sequences that regulate expression of the AChR delta-subunit gene during muscle differentiation. We transfected muscle and nonmuscle cell lines with gene fusions between 5'-flanking DNA from the AChR delta-subunit gene and the human growth hormone gene, and we show here that 148 bp of 5'-flanking DNA from the AChR delta-subunit gene contains two regulatory elements that control muscle-specific gene expression. One element is an E box, which is important both for activation of the delta-subunit gene in myotubes and for its repression in myoblasts and nonmuscle cells. Mutation of this E box, which prevents binding of MyoD-E2A and myogenin-E2A heterodimers, decreases expression in myotubes and increases expression in myoblasts and nonmuscle cells. An E-box binding activity, which does not contain MyoD, myogenin, or E2A proteins, is present in muscle and nonmuscle cells and may be responsible for repressing the delta-subunit gene in myoblasts and nonmuscle cells. An enhancer, which lacks E boxes, is also required for expression of the delta-subunit gene but does not confer muscle-specific expression.
Performance Evaluation of the NASA GTX RBCC Flowpath (2001)

The NASA Glenn Research Center serves as NASAs lead center for aeropropulsion. Several programs are underway to explore revolutionary airbreathing propulsion systems in response to the challenge of reducing the cost of space transportation. Concepts being investigated include rocket-based combined cycle (RBCC), pulse detonation wave, and turbine-based combined cycle (TBCC) engines. The GTX concept is a vertical launched, horizontal landing, single stage to orbit (SSTO) vehicle utilizing RBCC engines. The propulsion pod has a nearly half-axisymmetric flowpath that incorporates a rocket and ram-scramjet. The engine system operates from lift-off up to above Mach 10, at which point the airbreathing engine flowpath is closed off, and the rocket alone powers the vehicle to orbit. The paper presents an overview of the research efforts supporting the development of this RBCC propulsion system. The experimental efforts of this program consist of a series of test rigs. Each rig is focused on development and optimization of the flowpath over a specific operating mode of the engine. These rigs collectively establish propulsion system performance over all modes of operation, therefore, covering the entire speed range. Computational Fluid Mechanics (CFD) analysis is an important element of the GTX propulsion system development and validation. These efforts guide experiments and flowpath design, provide insight into experimental data, and extend results to conditions and scales not achievable in ground test facilities. Some examples of important CFD results are presented.
Titanium surfaces immobilized with the major antimicrobial fragment FK-16 of human cathelicidin LL-37 are potent against multiple antibiotic-resistant bacteria (2017)

Infections on implanted medical devices are a challenging problem, especially when bacteria form difficult-to-treat biofilms. Antimicrobial peptides are considered to be a solution due to their potency against antibiotic-resistant superbugs. Previously, the authors' laboratory demonstrated the prevention of staphylococcal biofilm formation in an animal catheter model by injecting merecidin (formerly known as 17BIPHE2), a peptide engineered based on the only human cathelicidin. This study documents an alternative solution via covalent immobilization of FK-16, amino acid sequence FKRIVQRIKDFLRNLV-amide, which corresponds to the major antimicrobial region (residues 17-32) of LL-37. FK-16 is superior to the longer peptide LL-37 in terms of synthesis cost and the shorter peptide KR-12 in terms of activity spectrum. Indeed, the FK16-coated titanium surface showed a broad-spectrum activity against the ESKAPE pathogens, including Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Enterobacter species. It also demonstrated anti-adhesion and biofilm inhibition capabilities against both S. aureus and E. coli.
Development of Ultrafine Multichannel Microfluidic Mixer for Synthesis of Bimetallic Nanoclusters: Catalytic Application of Highly Monodisperse AuPd Nanoclusters Stabilized by Poly(N-vinylpyrrolidone) (2014)

On account of their novel properties, bimetallic nanoparticles and nanoclusters (NCs) are strong potential candidates for optical, magnetic, and catalytic functional materials. These properties depend on the chemical composition and size (number of constituent atoms) of the NCs. Control of size, structure, and composition is particularly important for fabricating highly functional materials based on bimetallic NCs. Size- and structure-controlled synthesis of two-element alloys can reveal their intrinsic electronic synergistic effects. However, because synergistic enhancement of activity is strongly affected by composition as well as by size and structure, controlled synthesis is a challenging task, particularly in catalytic applications. To investigate catalytic synergistic effects, we have synthesized highly monodisperse, sub-2 nm, solid-solution AuPd NCs stabilized with poly(N-vinylpyrrolidone) (AuPd:PVP) using a newly developed ultrafine microfluidic mixing device with 15 μm wide multiple lamination channels. The synergistic enhancement for catalytic aerobic oxidation of benzyl alcohol exhibited a volcano-shaped trend, with a maximum at 20–65 at. % Pd. From X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic measurements, we confirmed that the enhanced activity originates from the enhanced electron density at the Au sites, donated by Pd sites.
Diffusion aluminide coatings for protecting the surface of the internal space of single-crystal turbine blades made of rhenium- and rhenium-ruthenium-containing high-temperature alloys: Part II (2013)

The production of heat-resistant aluminide and chromium aluminide protective coatings with a barrier layer, which is based on the carbides of the refractory elements of a nickel superalloy, is considered for the powder methods of diffusion chromium and aluminum saturation of the surface of the internal space of single-crystal high-pressure turbine blades made of high-temperature rhenium- and rhenium-ruthenium-containing alloys for a gas turbine engine. The barrier layer is shown to prevent the formation of a secondary reaction zone, which softens an alloy, under a heat-resistant coating during long-term high-temperature holding. The kinetics of powder-assisted aluminizing and chromizing-aluminizing of high-temperature rhenium- and rhenium-ruthenium-containing alloys is studied, aluminizing and chromizing-aluminizing conditions are determined, and the effect of heat-resistant diffusion coatings with a barrier layer on the mechanical properties of the high-temperature alloys is investigated.
Antibody Variability (1967)

I have analyzed the available amino acid sequence data from 30 myelomatosis-derived proteins. Several types of variation are apparent. I conclude that a major and genetically predetermined contribution to the variability of these proteins and of antibodies could be provided by chromosomal rearrangements resulting from somatic recombination between similar but not identical genes in antibody gene pairs. My hypothesis suggests many new types of experiment and can be tested (31).
Load-resonant converter with zero current switchingand variable output power (1997)

The authors present a half-bridge series-parallel load-resonant converter in which the resonant circuit has been designed so that the circuit can operate near to resonance over a wide frequency range. The output power of the circuit varies continuously over this frequency range, resulting in a load-resonant converter with zero current soft-switching over a range of output power. The prototype constructed shows a power variation of 2:1 over a frequency range of 30 kHz.
Drug Resistance and Cellular Adaptation to Tumor Acidic pH Microenvironment (2011)

Despite advances in developing novel therapeutic strategies, a major factor underlying cancer related death remains resistance to therapy. In addition to biochemical resistance, mediated by xenobiotic transporters or binding site mutations, resistance can be physiological, emerging as a consequence of the tumor's physical microenvironment. This review focuses on extracellular acidosis, an end result of high glycolytic flux and poor vascular perfusion. Low extracellular pH, pHe, forms a physiological drug barrier described by an "ion trapping" phenomenon. We describe how the acid-outside plasmalemmal pH gradient negatively impacts drug efficacy of weak base chemotherapies but is better suited for weakly acidic therapeutics. We will also explore the physiologic changes tumor cells undergo in response to extracellular acidosis which contribute to drug resistance including reduced apoptotic potential, genetic alterations, and elevated activity of a multidrug transporter, p-glycoprotein, pGP. Since low pHe is a hallmark of solid tumors, therapeutic strategies designed to overcome or exploit this condition can be developed.
Recovery of walking in nonambulatory children with chronic spinal cord injuries: Case series (2023)

The immature central nervous system is recognized as having substantial neuroplastic capacity. In this study, we explored the hypothesis that rehabilitation can exploit that potential and elicit reciprocal walking in nonambulatory children with chronic, severe (i.e., lower extremity motor score < 10/50) spinal cord injuries (SCIs). Seven male subjects (3-12 years of age) who were at least 1-year post-SCI and incapable of discrete leg movements believed to be required for walking, enrolled in activity-based locomotor training (ABLT; clinicaltrials.gov NCT00488280). Six children completed the study. Following a minimum of 49 sessions of ABLT, three of the six children achieved walking with reverse rolling walkers. Stepping development, however, was not accompanied by improvement in discrete leg movements as underscored by the persistence of synergistic movements and little change in lower extremity motor scores. Interestingly, acoustic startle responses exhibited by the three responding children suggested preserved reticulospinal inputs to circuitry below the level of injury capable of mediating leg movements. On the other hand, no indication of corticospinal integrity was obtained with transcranial magnetic stimulation evoked responses in the same individuals. These findings suggest some children who are not predicted to improve motor and locomotor function may have a reserve of adaptive plasticity that can emerge in response to rehabilitative strategies such as ABLT. Further studies are warranted to determine whether a critical need exists to re-examine rehabilitation approaches for pediatric SCI with poor prognosis for any ambulatory recovery.
Lung Tumor Suppressor GPRC5A Binds EGFR and Restrains Its Effector Signaling (2015)

GPRC5A is a G-protein-coupled receptor expressed in lung tissue but repressed in most human lung cancers. Studies in Gprc5a(-/-) mice have established its role as a tumor-suppressor function in this setting, but the basis for its role has been obscure. Here, we report that GPRC5A functions as a negative modulator of EGFR signaling. Mouse tracheal epithelial cells (MTEC) from Gprc5a(-/-) mice exhibited a relative increase in EGFR and downstream STAT3 signaling, whereas GPRC5A expression inhibited EGFR and STAT3 signaling. GPRC5A physically interacted with EGFR through its transmembrane domain, which was required for its EGFR inhibitory activity. Gprc5a(-/-) MTEC were much more susceptible to EGFR inhibitors than wild-type MTEC, suggesting their dependence on EGFR signaling for proliferation and survival. Dysregulated EGFR and STAT3 were identified in the normal epithelia of small and terminal bronchioles as well as tumors of Gprc5a(-/-) mouse lungs. Moreover, in these lungs EGFR inhibitor treatment inhibited EGFR and STAT3 activation along with cell proliferation. Finally, overexpression of ectopic GPRC5A in human non-small cell lung carcinoma cells inhibited both EGF-induced and constitutively activated EGFR signaling. Taken together, our results show how GPRC5A deficiency leads to dysregulated EGFR and STAT3 signaling and lung tumorigenesis. Cancer Res; 75(9); 1801-14. ©2015 AACR.
Novel Green Phosphorescent Materials with Various Substituted Acetylacetonate Ligands for Organic Electroluminescent Device (2004)

Abstract Novel green phosphorescent materials, IR-PPA1, IR-PPA2 and IR-PPA3 were synthesized as emission dopants for electroluminescent(EL)devices. Four kinds of devices were fabricated and the structures of devices were ITO/NPD/IR-PPA1(6%), IR-PPA2(6%), IR-PPA3(6%)or IR-PPY(6%)in CBP/BCP/Alq/LiF/Al, where IR-PPY was used as a reference material for comparison. Novel phosphorescent materials, IR-PPA1, IR-PPA2 and IR-PPA3 represented the luminances of 3930 cd/m2, 3220 cd/m2and 2620 cd/m2, and their external quantum efficiencies, about 9.4%, 7.8%and 6.4%in 11 mA/cm2of current density in the EL devices, respectively. The maximum of EL spectra of novel emission dopants were detected at 532 nm in the IR-PPA1 device, and 525 nm in the IR-PPA2 device and 530 nm in the IR-PPA3 device. Keywords: electroluminescent devicegreen phosphorescentiridium complex
Evaluating Performance of Software Architecture Models with the Palladio Component Model (2011)

Techniques from model-driven software development are useful to analyse the performance of a software architecture during early development stages. Design models of software models can be transformed into analytical or simulation models, which enable analyzing the response times, throughput, and resource utilization of a system before starting the implementation. This chapter provides an overview of the Palladio Component Model (PCM), a special modeling language targeted at model-driven performance predictions. The PCM is accompanied by several model transformations, which derive stochastic process algebra, queuing network models, or Java source code from a software design model. Software architects can use the results of the analytical models to evaluate the feasibility of performance requirements, identify performance bottlenecks, and support architectural design decisions quantitatively. The chapter provides a case study with a component-based software architecture to illustrate the performance prediction process.Request access from your librarian to read this chapter's full text.
Strategies to optimize phosphate removal from industrial anaerobic effluents by magnesium ammonium phosphate (MAP) production (2008)

Abstract BACKGROUND: Owing to more stringent phosphate discharge requirements and the increasing prices of fertilizers, beneficial recovery and reuse of phosphate from industrial anaerobic effluents is becoming an important issue. Phosphate recovery by struvite or magnesium ammonium phosphate (MAP) permits its recycling in the fertilizer industry because struvite is a valuable slow release fertilizer. Two different approaches to MAP crystallization depending on initial levels of phosphate in the wastewaters were tested and compared. RESULTS: For low‐phosphate‐containing anaerobic effluents (&lt;30 mg PO 4 3− ‐P L −1 ), a novel approach using ureolytic induced MAP formation with MgO addition appeared to be suitable. The residual phosphate concentrations in the effluent ranged from 5 to 7 mg PO 4 3− ‐P L −1 and the separated matter contained residual amounts of Mg(OH) 2 . High‐phosphate‐containing anaerobic effluents (100 to 120 mg PO 4 3− ‐P L −1 ) were treated efficiently using air stripping combined with MgCl 2 and NaOH reagents, yielding residual phosphate levels of 8 to 15 mg PO 4 3− ‐P L −1 and spherical pure MAP crystals of 0.5 to 2 mm. CONCLUSION: Results show that depending on the initial phosphate concentrations in the wastewaters and the ammonium and magnesium levels, the strategy selected for struvite crystallization is a determinative factor in achieving a cost effective technology. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry
Validation of the Applied Biosystems 7500 Fast Instrument for Detection of Listeria monocytogenes with the SureTect Listeria monocytogenes PCR Assay (2016)

In 2013, the Thermo Scientific™ SureTect™ Listeria monocytogenes Real-Time PCR Assay was certified by the AOAC Research Institute (RI) Performance Tested Methods(SM) program as a rapid method for the detection of L. monocytogenes from a wide range of food matrixes and surface samples. This report details the method modification studies undertaken to extend the analysis of this PCR assay to the Applied Biosystems™ 7500 Fast PCR Instrument and Applied Biosystems RapidFinder™ Express 2.0 software allowing the use of the SureTect assay on a 96 well format PCR cycler in addition to the current workflow, which uses the 24 well Thermo Scientific PikoReal™ PCR Instrument and Thermo Scientific SureTect software. Because this study was deemed by AOAC-RI to be a level 2 method modification study, a representative range of food matrixes covering raw ground turkey, 2% fat pasteurized milk, and bagged lettuce as well as stainless steel surface samples were analyzed with the Applied Biosystems 7500 Fast PCR Instrument and RapidFinder Express 2.0 software. All testing was conducted in comparison to the reference method detailed in International Organization for Standardization (ISO) 6579:2002. No significant difference by probability of detection statistical analysis was found between the SureTect Listeria monocytogenes PCR Assay or the ISO reference method methods for any of the matrixes analyzed during the study.
Thermal management in disc lasers: doped-dielectric and semiconductor laser gain media in thin-disc and microchip formats (2007)

Finite element and analytical modelling of thermal effects in doped-dielectric and semiconductor disc lasers is used to assess advanced approaches to thermal management. The prospective utility of high thermal conductivity materials such as diamond—particularly to improve the spectral coverage in semiconductor disc lasers and to scale the output power of quasi-monolithic microchip lasers—is illustrated. The potential of materials with strong pump absorption to improve the practicality of doped-dielectric thin-disc lasers, particularly for mobile applications, is also outlined.
Elevated levels of asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) as a marker of cardiovascular disease and mortality (2005)

The endothelium plays a crucial role in the maintenance of vascular tone and structure by releasing the endothelium-derived vasoactive mediator, nitric oxide (NO). NO is formed in healthy vascular endothelium from the amino acid precursor L-arginine. Endothelial dysfunction is caused by various cardiovascular risk factors, metabolic diseases, and systemic or local inflammation. One mechanism that explains the occurrence of endothelial dysfunction is the presence of elevated blood levels of asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) - an L-arginine analogue that inhibits NO formation and thereby can impair vascular function. Accumulating evidence from prospective clinical studies suggests that elevated plasma or serum levels of ADMA are associated with an increased risk of major adverse cardiovascular events. This article gives an updated overview of the currently available literature on ADMA and cardiovascular disease from prospective clinical trials. Recently, advances have been made in the development of analytical methods that are reliable and fast enough to allow determination of ADMA in clinical routine.
Matching buyers and suppliers: an intelligent dynamic exchange model (2001)

Although the Internet has made it easier for companies to do business and transfer information, finding appropriate trading partners is still a major stumbling block in business-to-business (B2B) electronic commerce. To overcome current limitations, the authors propose Matchmaker, a system that matches buyers and suppliers in B2B marketplaces.