gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Comparison of the macro and microstructure of sleep in a sample of sleep clinic hypersomnia cases (2019)

The purpose of this study was to elucidate the differentiating or grouping EEG characteristics in various hypersomnias (type 1 and type 2 narcolepsy (N-1 and N-2) and idiopathic hypersomnia (IH) compared to an age-matched snoring reference group (SR). Polysomnogram sleep EEG was decomposed into a 4-frequency state model. The IH group had higher sleep efficiency (SE; 92.3% vs. 85.8%; sp < 0.05), lower WASO (IH = 35.4 vs. N-1 = 65.5 min; p < 0.01), but similar (i.e. high) arousal indices as N-1 (~33/h). N-1 and N-2 had earlier REM latency than IH and SR (N-1 = 64.8, N-2 = 76.3 vs. IH/SR = 118 min, p < 0.05). N-1 and N-2 showed an increase in MF1 segments (characteristic of stage 1 and REM) across the night as well as distinct oscillations every 2 h, but MF1 segment timing was advanced by 30 min compared to the SR group (p < 0.05). This suggests the presence of circadian organization to sleep that is timed earlier or of increased pressure and/or lability. MF1 demonstrated a mixed phenotype in IH, with an early 1<sup>st</sup> oscillation (like N-1 and N-2), 2<sup>nd</sup> oscillation that overlapped with the SR group, and a surge prior to wake (higher than all groups). This phenotype may reflect a heterogeneous group of individuals, with some having more narcolepsy-like characteristics (i.e. REM) than others. LF domain (delta surrogate) was enhanced in IH and N-1 and more rapidly dissipated compared to N-2 and SR (p < 0.05). This suggests an intact homeostatic sleep pattern that is of higher need/reduced efficiency whereas rapid dissipation may be an underlying mechanism for sleep disruption.
Chromatin interaction maps of active cis-regulatory elements in primary human immune cells reveal extensive overlap with disease-associated genetic variants (2019)

Abstract Surveys of purified human immune cell types have revealed that common genetic variants have profound effects of gene expression in a highly cell-specific manner. However, it has been challenging to determine the mechanisms behind cell-specific regulatory effects as well as to pinpoint the potentially functional variants in dense haplotype blocks. Here, we performed genome-wide ChIP-Seq and proximity ligation-assisted ChIP-seq assays (HiChIP) for the H3K27ac modification to capture physical interactions between active cis-regulatory elements and their target gene promoters for 5 common and diverse immune cell types from 6 donors. The generated interaction maps identified long-range loops (over 20kb) for more than 90% of active cis-regulatory regions. We found that majority of the cis-regulatory interactions were highly cell-specific, which in turn correlated with cell-specific transcription factor binding motifs and gene expression patterns. Nearly 10% of expression quantitative trait loci (eQTLs), including disease-associated eQTLs and GWAS SNPs, were located at active cis-regulatory regions that interacted with the target genes of eQTLs (eGenes), thus allowing us to narrow down potentially functional/causative QTLs. Majority of cis-eQTLs that are specific to only a single cell type overlapped cis-regulatory elements that showed interactions with the promoter of their target eGenes only in that specific cell type. Our study thus provides a comprehensive interaction map of active regulatory elements for each of the 5 immune cell types across multiple donors and highlights the cell type-specificity of potentially functional variants and interactions linking them to genes in human disease.
X-Ray Observations of OAO 1657-415 with Tenma and Ginga (1991)

Abstract A pulse timing analysis of X-ray pulsar OAO 1657-415 with the Tenma and Ginga satellites is presented. The long-term pulse period history shows a spin-up trend with an average rate of Ṗ/P = –10–3 yr–1. An upper limit to ax sin i of 3 lt-s was obtained for the projected semi-major axis for a range of orbital periods of 1 to 6 d. The X-ray spectrum obtained with Ginga was found to be typical of those of other binary X-ray pulsars.
Recombination Behaviour of Stacking Faults in SiC p-i-n Diodes (2006)

In this paper the electrical activity of stacking faults and that of their bounding partial dislocations in degraded PiN diodes has been investigated by the technique of electron beam induced current (EBIC). The recombination behavior of C- and Si-core dislocations is discussed. It is proposed that nonradiative recombination significantly exceeds radiative recombination on both the C- and Si-core partial dislocations. At the same time, predominantly radiative recombination takes place in the faulted planes that presumably act as quantum wells.
Oro-maxillofacial development in patients with GH deficiency and in normal short children. (1986)

Detailed oro-maxillofacial studies using dental cast, pantomogram and cephalogram were performed in 43 patients with GH deficiency aged 7-17 years and compared statistically to the results from 62 short children with normal GH secretion. The dental age was retarded as compared to the chronological age in patients with GH deficiency by a mean of 2.0 +/- 1.3 years. This value did not differ statistically from that observed in normal short children (1.7 +/- 0.8 years). However the bone age was significantly retarded in patients with GH deficiency (3.2 +/- 1.7 yrs vs 1.5 +/- 1.1 yrs, p less than 0.001). There was no difference between tooth size or cephalogram analysis results in the children in the two groups. The coronal arch length, basal arch width and basal arch length were shorter in patients with GH deficiency. These data indicate underdevelopment of the maxilla in patients with GH deficiency.
Further characterization of retinoblastoma gene-mediated cell growth and tumor suppression in human cancer cells. (1994)

We have transfected the osteosarcoma cell line Saos2 and the bladder carcinoma cell line 5637 with additional retinoblastoma (RB) expression plasmids. The RB-reconstituted Saos2 and 5637 cells showed only slightly lower ratios of cells undergoing DNA synthesis compared to their parental RB- tumor cells, and there were no noticeable changes in cell morphology. Furthermore, we have isolated long-term RB+ clones from Saos2, 5637, and the retinoblastoma cell line WERI-Rb27 after transfection/transduction with a RB expression plasmid or retrovirus. These clones were similar to their parental cell lines in terms of morphology and growth rates, and they all expressed functional RB protein (p110RB) as evidenced by its potential of phosphorylation, simian virus 40 large tumor antigen binding, and nuclear tethering. No mutation or deletion of the exogenous RB gene was detectable by PCR and single-strand conformation polymorphism analysis. In addition, either the individual or pooled RB+ clones did form malignant tumors in nude mice but usually with a longer latency period and lower frequency. Such tumors also retained normal RB expression, suggesting that at least a portion of the RB-reconstituted tumor cells were still tumorigenic. This phenomenon is referred to by us as tumor suppressor resistance (TSR).
Vaporization phenomena for ultrasound phase-change contrast agents assessed via high-speed optical microscopy (2013)

Many studies have proposed phase-change contrast agents (PCCAs) that vaporize to form bubbles ideal for contrast and cavitation. Understanding the phenomena involved with droplet vaporization to determine possible bioeffects will have a profound impact on designing agents to be effective in desired applications. In this study, we use ultra-high-speed microscopy to explore for the first time the vaporization phenomena of decafluorobutane (DFB) droplets. Results show that DFB droplets vaporize more rapidly than reported values for perfluoropentane droplets. As a result, bubbles from nanoscale droplets reach their final size within 200 ns, and are immediately subject to compression and rarefaction from the continuing pulse. DFB microscale droplets, in contrast, vaporize over the course of several microseconds, and tend to fuse with nearby bubbles. For very short pulses, the resulting bubbles show characteristic over-expansion and resonant oscillatory settling.
Theory of two-index Bessel functions and applications to physical problems (1994)

In this article the theory of two-index Bessel functions is presented. Their generating function, series expansion, and integral representations are discussed. Their usefulness in physical problems is also discussed in the context of analysis of radiation emitted by relativistic electrons in two-frequency undulators. Finally, the theoretical analysis proving addition and multiplication theorems for two-index Bessel functions are completed and their modified forms are introduced.
Psychology of Governance (2020)

Proper data governance is indispensable. But does it need to be “governance invented by the CDO”?
CH 5 + : The Cheshire Cat Smiles (1999)

Sometimes, even seemingly simple molecules can be extremely hard to characterize. One such molecule, protonated methane (CH), has resisted structural characterization by molecular spectroscopy since its discovery by mass spectrometry in the 1950s. CHis implicated as a reactive intermediate in hydrocarbon reactions and may play a role in astrochemical reactions, but its highly fluxional character and special bonding have complicated characterization. Marx and Parrinello describe the theoretical and experimental efforts to capture this elusive molecule's properties that have led to the successful acquisition of a high-resolution infrared spectrum of free CHby White et al . (page [135][1]).

 [1]: http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/short/284/5411/135
Cycloaddition von Chlorsulfonyliscyanat an «Maleinisoimide» (1983)

Cycloaddition of Chlorosulfonylisocyanate to ‘Maleic Isoimides’ Cycloaddition reactions of chlorosulfonylisocyanate to ‘maleic isoimides’ are described. The not expected multifunctional (2:1)‐adducts 2 were converted to the crystalline compounds 3 , whose structures were resolved by X‐ray analysis.
Overweight and obesity in infants and pre‐school children in the European Union: a review of existing data (2009)

The objective of this study was to synthesize available information on prevalence and time trends of overweight and obesity in pre-school children in the European Union. Retrieval and analysis or re-analysis of existing data were carried out. Data sources include WHO databases, Medline and Google, contact with authors of published and unpublished documents. Data were analysed using the International Obesity Task Force reference and cut-offs, and the WHO standard. Data were available from 18/27 countries. Comparisons were problematic because of different definitions and methods of data collection and analysis. The reported prevalence of overweight plus obesity at 4 years ranges from 11.8% in Romania (2004) to 32.3% in Spain (1998-2000). Countries in the Mediterranean region and the British islands report higher rates than those in middle, northern and eastern Europe. Rates are generally higher in girls than in boys. With the possible exception of England, there was no obvious trend towards increasing prevalence in the past 20-30 years in the five countries with data. The use of the WHO standard with cut-offs at 1, 2 and 3 standard deviations yields lower rates and removes gender differences. Data on overweight and obesity in pre-school children are scarce; their interpretation is difficult. Standard methods of surveillance, and research and policies on prevention and treatment, are urgently needed.
Studies in the Field of Pyridazine Compounds. X1. A Method for the Synthesis of 6-(Substituted Amino)-3-Pyridazinyl-Hydrazines (1981)

Abstract Recently, the 6-(substituted amino)-3-pyridazinyl-hydrazines2–4 and their hydrazones1 became important as peripheral antihypertensive agents. These compounds have been synthesized from 3,6-dichloropyridazine (1) by introducing to the molecule firstly the substituted amine and then the hydrazine moiety2–4. This process has some disadvantages. It is known that one chlorine atom of 1 can be easily replaced by nucleophilic substitution. The subsequent replacement of the other chlorine atom in 1 is, however, rather difficult5. For example, 2 silosequent substitution with hydrazine should be uarried out with agreat excess of hydrazine at elevated temperatures and the product formed is liable to decompose in this basic medium. As a consequence, overail yield of this process is low ana in general, the final product nas to be purifiea tnroilgh its benzylidene derivative. Tnerefore, according to our experiments, this process does not seem to be useful for large-scale operations.
Exercise and Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cells (2013)

The effects of exercise on mature cells of the hematopoietic lineage have been well characterized; however, the effects of exercise on the more primitive cells of the hematopoietic system are unknown. Here, we propose that the benefits of exercise apply to hematopoietic progenitors and that exercise increases hematopoietic stem cell quantity primarily mediated via adaptations in the stem cell niche.
Focal Adhesion Kinase Overexpression in Endometrial Neoplasia (2004)

Focal adhesion kinase (FAK) is a protein tyrosine kinase that is a critical mediator of signaling events between cells and their extracellular matrix. Elevations in FAK mRNA and protein overexpression have been linked to tumor cell capacity for invasion and metastasis. FAK expression has been shown to be elevated in a variety of solid tumors. The purpose of this study was to evaluate for FAK upregulation in endometrial neoplasia. Tissue microarray blocks were made from formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded archival tissue, including 115 carcinoma (100 endometrioid, 10 serous, and 5 clear cell), 28 hyperplasia, and 38 normal specimens using 1-mm punches. The tissue was immunostained with monoclonal antibody for FAK and p53. Immunoreactivity was scored by intensity (0-4+ scale) and percent positive staining. FAK overexpression was categorized as 4+ cytoplasmic intensity in more than 90% of neoplastic cells. Positive p53 was categorized at least 2+ nuclear intensity in more than 10% of neoplastic cells. Higher rates of FAK upregulation were identified in endometrial hyperplasia (P = 0.025) and carcinoma (P < 0.001) versus normal endometrium. FAK overexpression in carcinoma correlated with higher FIGO grade (P = 0.025) and p53 overexpression (P < 0.001). FAK was consistently overexpressed in high-grade tumors regardless of subtype, including 8 of 10 serous tumors, 4 of 5 clear cell tumors, and 16 of 23 grade 3 endometrioid tumors. In conclusion, upregulation of FAK is seen in both endometrial hyperplasia and carcinoma, implying that FAK may play an important role in endometrial carcinogenesis. FAK overexpression in endometrial carcinoma correlates with higher FIGO grade and p53 overexpression.
Dispersive Delay Line With Effective Transmission-Type Operation in Coupled-Line Technology (2011)

This letter reports on a new design method for dispersive delay lines in coupled-line technology. Based on the reflective chirped delay line concept, a continuous modulation of the even- and odd-mode characteristic impedances in symmetrical coupled-lines is shown to produce a new structure that presents a flat magnitude response and a linear group-delay variation along the operation frequency band. The use of coupled-lines avoids the need for a circulator giving rise to more practical devices, where the processed signal is redirected to the coupled port instead of being reflected back to the input port, thus providing a valuable effective transmission-type operation. The technique of designing a device is validated for ultra-wideband signal processing applications.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic Activity and Structure of MoO3 Highly Dispersed on SiO2. (1986)

Abstract At low M0 content, an X‐ray amorphous phase is formed, which is characterized by surface molybdates dispersed on SiO 2 .
Cyber Security Management for Utility Operations (2006)

Strong identity management enforced with digital authentication mechanisms has become the leading requirement to improve cyber security for utility operations. Utility operators don’t really care how it works as long as they are confident that it does work. They want a solution that is standards-based, is interoperable with the commonly installed applications, and is extendable for legacy systems to lower the cost of ownership. General recommendations for a cryptographically-based cyber security solution are well defined in the American Gas Association’s Report No. 12, Part 1, and commercial products are now available to implement these requirements. This paper presents, from a utility operator’s point of view, the requirements to securely manage the keying material to protect SCADA communications and to access the maintenance ports of field devices. This paper also outlines areas of future investigation needed for a comprehensive solution.
Design and Preparation of a Particle Dynamics Space Flight Experiment, SHIVA (2004)

This paper describes the flight experiment, supporting ground science, and the design rationale for a project on spaceflight holography investigation in a virtual apparatus (SHIVA). SHIVA is a fundamental study of particle dynamics in fluids in microgravity. Gravitation effects and steady Stokes drag often dominate the equations of motion of a particle in a fluid and consequently microgravity provides an ideal environment in which to study the other forces, such as the pressure and viscous drag and especially the Basset history force. We have developed diagnostic recording methods using holography to save all of the particle field optical characteristics, essentially allowing the experiment to be transferred from space back to Earth in what we call the "virtual apparatus" for microgravity experiments on Earth. We can quantify precisely the three-dimensional motion of sets of particles, allowing us to test and apply new analytic solutions developed by members of the team. In addition to employing microgravity to augment the fundamental study of these forces, the resulting data will allow us to quantify and understand the ISS environment with great accuracy. This paper shows how we used both experiment and theory to identify and resolve critical issues and to produce an optimal experimental design that exploits microgravity for the study. We examined the response of particles of specific gravity from 0.1 to 20, with radii from 0.2 to 2 mm, to fluid oscillation at frequencies up to 80 Hz with amplitudes up to 200 microns. To observe some of the interesting effects predicted by the new solutions requires the precise location of the position of a particle in three dimensions. To this end we have developed digital holography algorithms that enable particle position location to a small fraction of a pixel in a CCD array. The spaceflight system will record holograms both on film and electronically. The electronic holograms can be downlinked providing real-time data, essentially acting like a remote window into the ISS experimental chamber. Ground experiments have provided input to a flight system design that can meet the requirements for a successful experiment on ISS. Moreover the ground experiments have provided a definitive, quantitative observation of the Basset history force over a wide range of conditions. Results of the ground experiments, the flight experiment design, preliminary flight hardware design, and data analysis procedures are reported.
Colour tunability of polymeric light-emitting diodes with top emission architecture (2005)

Polymeric light-emitting diodes (PLEDs) have been fabricated with top emissive architecture and a shift of the light emission wavelength is observed for a single emitting material—phenyl-substituted poly(p-phenylenevinylene) (Ph-PPV). The device is built on a glass substrate and its structure consists of a bi-layer anode (including a high reflective metal thin film and indium tin oxide anode—ITO thin film), polymer stack and semitransparent multi-layer cathodes. Poly(styrene sulfonate)-doped poly(3,4-ethylene dioxythiophene) (PEDOT: PSS) and Ph-PPV are employed as the hole transport layer and light-emitting layer, respectively. Changes in the electroluminescence (EL) characteristics of the PLEDs are examined by adjusting the ITO thickness. The EL peaks of the devices with a single emissive layer have a wide variation in the wavelength range, from 547 to 655 nm, due to the different ITO thicknesses.
The calibration and characterisation of high resolution polarimetric SAR target signatures (1999)

Using conventional calibration methods we have produced a polarimetrically calibrated image set of a number of vehicle types over a range of look angles. One such of these sets has been the subject of preliminary analysis. We have also developed a more robust and efficient calibration technique using a rotating dihedral target. The variation of polarimetric intensity over 360/spl deg/ of aspect angle has been used to highlight both the differences in the scattering mechanisms between the co- and cross-polar polarisations and the high degree of correlation between the two co-polar channels. Principal component analysis has been used to show that when averaging pixels over the entire vehicle a large percentage of information is contained within a measure of the total intensity. Whereas at these very high resolutions, when isolated scatterers may be resolved, initial analysis shows that the polarimetric channels contain additional target information.
Towards a uniform notation for memory tests (1996)

Historically many ways of expressing memory tests have been used; varying from special notations to the use of general purpose programming languages. A notation, originally introduced for march tests in 1990, has been adopted and extended by many researchers. This paper extends that notation, in a systematic way, to a memory test language which allows march tests, pseudo march tests (such as GALPAT) and tests involving topological neighborhoods (to cover pattern sensitive faults) to be expressed in a unified way. The syntax and semantics facilitate the specification of memory tests in a compact way and can be processed using standard tools such as LEX and YACC.
Relaxation of CO2(101), CO2(021), and N2O(101) vibrational levels by near-resonant V→V energy transfer (1975)

Laser-excited vibrational fluorescence experiments on CO2 and N2O combination levels were performed using a tunable optical parametric oscillator. Rate constants near gas kinetic were obtained and assigned to the near-resonant V→V transfer of an asymmetric stretching quantum. Stimulated emission occurring at 4.3 μ was observed during 2.7 μ excitation of CO2 to the (1001) combination level.
MicroRNA-5p and -3p co-expression and cross-targeting in colon cancer cells (2014)

miRNA-5p/3p species are frequently co-expressed and are coordinately regulated in colon cancer cells. In cancer cells, multiple cross-targeting by the miRNAs, including the co-existing 5p/3p species, frequently occurs in an apparent safe-proof scheme of miRNA regulation of important tumorigenesis processes. Further systematic analysis of co-existing miRNA-5p/3p pairs in clinical tissues is important in elucidating 5p/3p contributions to cancer pathogenesis.