gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Nonlinear optical properties of quantum sized gold clusters (2008)

Gold clusters with the sizes close to the Fermi wavelength of electron shows interesting quantum size effects. Linear and nonlinear optical properties show dramatic trends when the sizes of clusters are in the range of quantum confinement. We have investigated the size dependence of the non-linear optical property of two-photon absorption (TPA) cross-sections of the gold clusters. Absolute TPA cross-sections are measured by a combination of one and two-photon excited fluorescence upconversion measurements. Large cross-sections and abrupt changes in the trend of cross-sections are observed in the size-dependence when size is reduced from nanoparticles to cluster. The results can be attributed to the appearance of quantum confinement in these monolayer protected gold clusters.
Differences in the Structure and Dynamics of the Apo- and Palmitate-ligated Forms of Aedes aegypti Sterol Carrier Protein 2 (AeSCP-2) (2010)

Sterol carrier protein-2 (SCP-2) is a nonspecific lipid-binding protein expressed ubiquitously in most organisms. Knockdown of SCP-2 expression in mosquitoes has been shown to result in high mortality in developing adults and significantly lowered fertility. Thus, it is of interest to determine the structure of mosquito SCP-2 and to identify its mechanism of lipid binding. We report here high quality three-dimensional solution structures of SCP-2 from Aedes aegypti determined by NMR spectroscopy in its ligand-free state (AeSCP-2) and in complex with palmitate. Both structures have a similar mixed alpha/beta fold consisting of a five-stranded beta-sheet and four alpha-helices arranged on one side of the beta-sheet. Ligand-free AeSCP-2 exhibited regions of structural heterogeneity, as evidenced by multiple two-dimensional (15)N heteronuclear single-quantum coherence peaks for certain amino acids; this heterogeneity disappeared upon complex formation with palmitate. The binding of palmitate to AeSCP-2 was found to decrease the backbone mobility of the protein but not to alter its secondary structure. Complex formation is accompanied by chemical shift differences and a loss of mobility for residues in the loop between helix alphaI and strand betaA. The structural differences between the alphaI and betaA of the mosquito and the vertebrate SCP-2s may explain the differential specificity (insect versus vertebrate) of chemical inhibitors of the mosquito SCP-2.
Human Mesenteric Adipose Tissue Plays Unique Role Versus Subcutaneous and Omental Fat in Obesity Related Diabetes (2008)

Human mesenteric adipose tissue in obese diabetic subjects has high basal glycerol release and impaired isoproterenol stimulated glycerol release. The obesity-related gene expressions in the mesenteric adipose tissue are up regulated, suggesting that the alterations of these genes in mesentery adipose depot may play a critical role in insulin resistance of type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome.
Li nard phase plane integraph (1959)

A mechanical linkage is suggested for obtaining trajectories, corresponding to damped oscillations, in the Liénard plane. Its construction is based on the Henrici-Coradi instruments, although, as a second order differential equation is being analysed here, the mechanism is more intricate.
Numerical and Experimental Analyses on the Influence of Array Patterns in Hybrid Metal-FRP Materials Interlocked by Mechanical Undercuts (2017)

This paper aims at investigating the effect of array patterns of mechanically undercut structures on metal surfaces, thus creating a load-bearing joint in combination with fiber-reinforced plastics (FRP). Thereby, geometrical structure parameters (e.g. shape and density) can be altered by variation of process parameters. In order to achieve fundamental understanding of the impact of structure shape and density, numerical and experimental analyses as well as optical measurements are performed. It is found that the overall joint strength is significantly affected by the structure array pattern. Moreover, optimal array patterns vary and correlate with the respective structure geometry.
Administrations of Peripheral Blood CD34-Positive Cells Contribute to Medial Collateral Ligament Healing via Vasculogenesis (2008)

Neoangiogenesis is a key process in the initial phase of ligament healing. Adult human circulating CD34+ cells, an endothelial/hematopoietic progenitor-enriched cell population, have been reported to contribute to neoangiogenesis; however, the therapeutic potential of CD34+ cells for ligament healing is still unclear. Therefore, we performed a series of experiments to test our hypothesis that ligament healing is supported by CD34+ cells via vasculogenesis. Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor-mobilized peripheral blood (GM-PB) CD34+ cells with atelocollagen (CD34+ group), GM-PB mononuclear cells (MNCs) with atelocollagen (MNC group), or atelocollagen alone (control group) was locally transplanted after the creation of medial collateral ligament injury in immunodeficient rats. Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and immunohistochemical staining at the injury site demonstrated that molecular and histological expression of human-specific markers for endothelial cells was higher in the CD34+ group compared with the other groups at week 1. Endogenous effect, assessed by capillary density and mRNA expression of vascular endothelial growth factor, was significantly higher in CD34+ cell group than the other groups. In addition to the observation that, as assessed by real-time RT-PCR, gene expression of ligament-specific marker was significantly higher in the CD34+ group than in the other groups, ligament healing assessed by macroscopic, histological, and biomechanical examination was significantly enhanced by CD34+ cell transplantation compared with the other groups. Our data strongly suggest that local transplantation of circulating human CD34+ cells may augment the ligament healing process by promoting a favorable environment through neovascularization.
DFT and experimental studies of the structure and vibrational spectra of curcumin (2005)

Abstract The potential energy surface of curcumin [1,7‐bis(4‐hydroxy‐3‐methoxyphenyl)‐1,6‐heptadiene‐3,5‐dione] was explored with the DFT correlation functional B3LYP method using 6‐311G* basis. The single‐point calculations were performed at levels up to B3LYP/6‐311++G**//B3LYP/6‐311G*. All isomers were located and relative energies determined. According to the calculation the planar enol form is more stable than the nonplanar diketo form. The results of the optimized molecular structure are presented and compared with the experimental X‐ray diffraction. In addition, harmonic vibrational frequencies of the molecule were evaluated theoretically using B3LYP density functional methods. The computed vibrational frequencies were used to determine the types of molecular motions associated with each of the experimental bands observed. Our vibrational data show that in both the solid state and in all studied solutions curcumin exists in the enol form. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2005
Proteomic Characterization of Host Response to Yersinia pestis (2004)

Host-pathogen interactions result in protein expression changes within both the host and the pathogen. Here, results from proteomic characterization of host response following exposure to Yersinia pestis, the causative agent of plague, and to two near neighbors, Y. pseudotuberculosis and Y. enterocolitica, are reported. Human monocyte-like cells were chosen as a model for macrophage immune response to pathogen exposure. Two-dimensional electrophoresis followed by mass spectrometry was used to identify host proteins with differential expression following exposure to these three closely related Yersinia species. This comparative proteomic characterization of host response clearly shows that host protein expression patterns are distinct for the different pathogen exposures, and contributes to further understanding of Y. pestis virulence and host defense mechanisms. This work also lays the foundation for future studies aimed at defining biomarkers for presymptomatic detection of plague.
Modeling of a piezoelectric fluid sensor excited by lateral fields using a spectral domain approach (2010)

Piezoelectric discs excited by lateral fields (LFE; both electrodes are placed on one side of the disc) show unique differences compared to common thickness field excited (TFE) resonators, in particular when they are used for liquid sensing. In this contribution the LFE-sensor setup is modeled as a layered structure in the spectral (wavenumbers) domain utilizing a semi-numerical approach. In particular the interaction of the piezo-disc and the sample liquid, which is too complex for analytical methods and too comprehensive for FEM, is effciently modeled by the method. The calculation of frequency responses as well as electrical and mechanical fields are illustrated for a simulated setup. The simulation results are compared to results obtained from the Christoffel–Bechmann formalism, and sensitivities to fluid parameters like viscosity and conductivity are shown.
Photofunctional Lanthanoid Complexes, Coordination Polymers, and Nanocrystals for Future Photonic Applications (2014)

Abstract In this account, lanthanoid complexes, coordination polymers, and nanocrystals with photofunctional properties are introduced. To maintain the effective emission of Nd(III), Sm(III), Eu(III), Tb(III), and Yb(III) ions in organic media, the coordination sphere of the lanthanoid ions should consist of strong, bulky, and asymmetric ligands with low vibrational frequencies, that is, there are three criteria for luminescence: 1) suppression of vibrational relaxation, 2) prevention of nonradiative cross relaxation at diffusional collision, and 3) introduction of asymmetric coordination geometry for enhancing electric dipole transition. Lanthanoid coordination compounds with characteristic photosensitizing properties, photochromic properties, circularly polarized luminescence (CPL), metal ion sensing properties, solvent sensing properties, energy-conversion properties, thermostable properties, triboluminescent properties, and thermosensing properties are also described for the development of photofunctional materials. In the second half, the synthesis, photophysical magnetic, and magneto-optical properties of lanthanoid nanocrystals, EuO, EuS, and EuSe, are reported. In particular, the remarkable photophysical properties of nanoaggregates composed of EuS nanocrystals are presented. Photofunctional lanthanoid(III) complexes, coordination polymers, and nanocrystals are expected to open up a frontier field of materials science.
Enterovirus Inhibition by Hinged Aromatic Compounds with Polynuclei (2020)

The modern world has no available drugs for the treatment of enteroviruses (EV), which affect millions of people worldwide each year. The EV71 is a major causative disease for hand, foot, and mouth disease; sometimes it is associated with severe central nervous system diseases. Treatment for enteroviral infection is mainly supportive; treatment for aseptic meningitis caused by enteroviruses is also generally symptomatic. Upon the urgent request of new anti-enterovirus drugs, a series of hinged aromatic compounds with polynulei were synthesized through two different chemical pathways. Among these morpholine-furan/thiophene/pyrrole-benzene-pyrazole conjugates, three new agents exhibited inhibitory activity with EC<sub>50</sub> = 2.29-6.16 μM toward EV71 strain BrCr in RD cells. Their selectivity index values were reached as high as 33.4. Their structure-activity relationship was deduced that a thiophene derivative with morpholine and trifluorobenzene rings showed the greatest antiviral activity, with EC<sub>50</sub> = 2.29 μM.
Improvement of the Noise Reduction of a Compressor Shell (1994)

A significant part of the noise radiated by a hermetic compressor uses the gaseous cavity and the compressor shell as a transmission path.Encouraging results have been obtained in the compressor insulation putting together in the shell design some concepts coming from the theoretical study of the shell vibrations: as a consequence high stiffness shapes have been studied and realised to obtain the highest possible Noise Reduction.
Folk Classification and Factor Rotations: Whales, Sharks, and the Problems With the Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology (HiTOP) (2021)

The Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology (HiTOP) uses factor analysis to group people with similar self-reported symptoms (i.e., like-goes-with-like). It is hailed as a significant improvement over other diagnostic taxonomies. However, the purported advantages and fundamental assumptions of HiTOP have received little, if any scientific scrutiny. We critically evaluated five fundamental claims about HiTOP. We conclude that HiTOP does not demonstrate a high degree of verisimilitude and has the potential to hinder progress on understanding the etiology of psychopathology. It does not lend itself to theory-building or taxonomic evolution, and it cannot account for multifinality, equifinality, or developmental and etiological processes. In its current form, HiTOP is not ready to use in clinical settings and may result in algorithmic bias against underrepresented groups. We recommend a bifurcation strategy moving forward in which the DSM is used in clinical settings while researchers focus on developing a falsifiable theory-based classification system.
Discovery of galanin (1991)

In view of what is known about galanin today, and with respect to the methodology available, galanin could have been discovered in a number of different ways. For instance, someone might have been investigating fractions of intestinal peptides for possible incretin activity — and this could have led to the discovery. Incretin is the name given by J. La Barre (1932) to a hypothetical hormone which he had partially purified from pig intestine by 1932. On intravenous, subcutaneous — and in larger doses even oral — administration to rabbits or dogs the preparation caused hypoglycemia, presumably by way of stimulation of the endocrine pancreas to secrete insulin. When measurements of plasma insulin concentrations became possible due to the invention of radioimmunoassay (Yalow and Berson, 1960) it could be shown, in dogs (Arnould et al., 1963) as well as in humans (Elrick et al., 1964; Mclntyre et al., 1965) that a certain amount of glucose resulted in markedly higher plasma concentrations of insulin if given intraintestinally than if given orally. It was concluded that the intestinally given glucose releases some humoral factor from the intestinal wall, and this, together with the absorbed glucose itself, acted on the endocrine pancreas to release insulin (Elrick et al., 1964; Mclntyre et al., 1965). The difference between the insulin response after oral and that after intravenous administration has been termed “the incretin effect” (Creutzfeldt and Ebert, 1985). Some observations suggest that it is not entirely due to “incretin” but also to oral glucose decreasing hepatic extraction of insulin (Gibby and Hales, 1983; Madsbad et al., 1983). As to incretin, the name, “incretin” has been transformed from signifying a specific hormone to designating a physiological property of several different hormones. In this it resembles “entero-gastrone” (Kosaka and Lim, 1930; Gregory, 1967; Johnson and Grossman, 1971). If the incretin concept were extended to include hormonal peptides that influence insulin secretion — in either direction — then galanin would qualify as an incretin at least in dogs (McDonald et al., 1985; Manabe et al., 1986; Hermansen, 1988; Hramiak et al., 1988; Dunning and Taborsky, 1989), rats (Kwok et al., 1988; Lindskog and Ahrén, 1989; Yoshimura et al., 1989; Schnuerer et al., 1990) and mice (Lindskog and Ahrén, 1987) in all of which it has been found to depress the release of insulin. In pigs, one group of workers found that it depressed insulin release (Leonhardt et al., 1989) but another group found it to have the opposite effect (Messell et al., 1990). In humans, galanin infused intravenously over a wide dose range was found to have no effect on plasma concentrations of either insulin or glucose (Gilbey et al., 1989).
Exfoliation of Graphite into Graphene in Aqueous Solutions of Inorganic Salts (2014)

Mass production of high-quality graphene sheets is essential for their practical application in electronics, optoelectronics, composite materials, and energy-storage devices. Here we report a prompt electrochemical exfoliation of graphene sheets into aqueous solutions of different inorganic salts ((NH4)2SO4, Na2SO4, K2SO4, etc.). Exfoliation in these electrolytes leads to graphene with a high yield (>85%, ≤3 layers), large lateral size (up to 44 μm), low oxidation degree (a C/O ratio of 17.2), and a remarkable hole mobility of 310 cm(2) V(-1) s(-1). Further, highly conductive graphene films (11 Ω sq(-1)) are readily fabricated on an A4-size paper by applying brush painting of a concentrated graphene ink (10 mg mL(-1), in N,N'-dimethylformamide). All-solid-state flexible supercapacitors manufactured on the basis of such graphene films deliver a high area capacitance of 11.3 mF cm(-2) and an excellent rate capability of 5000 mV s(-1). The described electrochemical exfoliation shows great promise for the industrial-scale synthesis of high-quality graphene for numerous advanced applications.
Breaking and Fixing Destructive Code Read Defenses (2020)

Just-in-time return-oriented programming (JIT-ROP) is a powerful memory corruption attack that bypasses various forms of code randomization. Execute-only memory (XOM) can potentially prevent these attacks, but requires source code. In contrast, destructive code reads (DCR) provide a trade-off between security and legacy compatibility. The common belief is that DCR provides strong protection if combined with a high-entropy code randomization. The contribution of this paper is twofold: first, we demonstrate that DCR can be bypassed regardless of the underlying code randomization scheme. To this end, we show novel, generic attacks that infer the code layout for highly randomized program code. Second, we present the design and implementation of BGDX (Byte-Granular DCR and XOM), a novel mitigation technique that protects legacy binaries against code inference attacks. BGDX enforces memory permissions on a byte-granular level allowing us to combine DCR and XOM for legacy, off-the-shelf binaries. Our evaluation shows that BGDX is not only effective, but highly efficient, imposing only a geometric mean performance overhead of 3.95% on SPEC.
Influence of Electrical and Chemical Factors on Transdermal Iontophoretic Delivery of Three Diclofenac Salts. (2001)

The aim of this present study was to investigate the in vitro transdermal iontophoretic delivery of three diclofenac salts--diclofenac sodium (DFS), diclofenac potassium (DFP), and diclofenac diethylammonium (DFD). A series of physicochemical and electrical variables which might affect iontophoretic permeation of diclofenac salts was studied. Application of 0.3 mA/cm2 current density significantly increased the transdermal flux of diclofenac salts as compared to passive transport. The iontophoretic enhancement increased in the order of DFS>DFP>DFD. The permeability coefficient of diclofenac salts all decreased with increasing donor concentration during iontophoresis. The addition of buffer ions and salt ions such as NaCl, KCl, and C4H12ClN reduced the permeation of diclofenac salts due to competition. However, this effect was lesser for DFD than for DFS and DFP. Comparing the various application modes of iontophoresis, the discontinuous on/off mode showed lower but more constant flux than the continuous mode.
Visualization in the Context of Model Driven Engineering. (2005)

Understanding and maintenance of complex information spaces is often supported through visual interfaces. These interfaces must be highly flexible in order to adapt to both the user’s role and their current task. Program comprehension tools are one class of tools that make heavy use of information visualization techniques, and Software Engineers use these tools to help understand and maintain software systems. This paper presents a model-driven approach to address the customization requirements of visual user interfaces, and does so in the domain of program comprehension. 1.
State of the art of item-level RFID deployments in fashion and apparel retail (2019)

Fashion and apparel retail have been driving the adoption of RFID for the last 10 years. This paper strives to present an overview of the current adoption of RFID technology in this sector and to improve the understanding of the evolution of use cases (UCs) over time by proposing a framework for the UC lifecycle. This tool allows us to classify UCs with six different labels (core, intermittent, trendy, vintage, innovative or ghost) according to three dimensions. We analysed and classified more than 220 scientific papers, magazine articles, white papers, web news stories and press releases as well as confidential information from system integrators dealing with UHF RFID projects in fashion and apparel retail in recent decades. We are not aware of any other study covering this issue, and the results we obtain represent an updated and thorough overview of UHF RFID adoption in the fashion industry. We believe that, by keeping the framework updated, we could create a barometer of RFID adoption in fashion and apparel retail while obtaining further insights on UC evolution over time.
A PILOT-CONTROLLED STUDY OF A POLYMYXIN B-IMMOBILIZED HEMOPERFUSION CARTRIDGE IN PATIENTS WITH SEVERE SEPSIS SECONDARY TO INTRA-ABDOMINAL INFECTION (2005)

Endotoxin is an important pathogenic trigger for sepsis. The polymyxin B-immobilized endotoxin removal hemoperfusion cartridge, Toraymyxin (hereafter PMX), has been shown to remove endotoxin in preclinical and open-label clinical studies. In a multicenter, open-label, pilot, randomized, controlled study conducted in the intensive care unit in six academic medical centers in Europe, 36 postsurgical patients with severe sepsis or septic shock secondary to intra-abdominal infection were randomized to PMX treatment of 2 h (n = 17) or standard therapy (n = 19). PMX was well tolerated and showed no significant side effects. There were no statistically significant differences in the change in endotoxin levels from baseline to 6 to 8 h after treatment or to 24 h after treatment between the two groups. There was also no significant difference in the change in interleukin (IL)-6 levels from baseline to 6 to 8 h after treatment or to 24 h after treatment between the two groups. Patients treated with PMX demonstrated significant increases in cardiac index (CI; P = 0.012 and 0.032 at days 1 and 2, respectively), left ventricular stroke work index (LVSWI, P = 0.015 at day 2), and oxygen delivery index (DO2I, P = 0.007 at day 2) compared with the controls. The need for continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) after study entry was reduced in the PMX group (P = 0.043). There was no significant difference between the groups in organ dysfunction as assessed by the Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) scores from day 0 (baseline) to day 6. Treatment using the PMX cartridge is safe and may improve cardiac and renal dysfunction due to sepsis or septic shock. Further studies are needed to prove this effectiveness.