gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Role of interferons (IFNs) in the differentiation of T peripheral helper (Tph) cells (2022)

Interleukin (IL)-21-producing T peripheral helper (Tph) cells are thought to contribute to extra-follicular B cell activation and play a pathogenic role in autoimmune diseases. In this study, we investigated the relationship between Tph cells and interferons (IFNs) in several autoimmune diseases because our previous study demonstrated that type I IFNs promote the differentiation of IL-21-producing Tph-like cells. The frequency of Tph cells in the blood as well as serum IFN-α2a and IFN-λ1 were markedly elevated in patients with active systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) compared to other autoimmune diseases or healthy controls. Notably, the frequency of Tph cells was positively correlated with the SLE disease activity index, serum IFN-α and serum IFN-λ1 in SLE patients. Additionally, we found that type III IFNs (IFN-λ1, IFN-λ2 and IFN-λ3) promote the differentiation of programmed cell death-1 (PD-1)+ CXCR5 -CD4+ T cells and enhance the secretion of IL-21, IFN-γ and CXCL13. IFN-λ1, like IFN-α, up-regulated the mRNA expression of IL21, IFNG, CXCL13, CD244, SLAMF7, GZMB, PRF1, CCR5 and PRDM1, whereas it down-regulated that of CXCR5 and BCL6, reflecting a Tph-related gene expression pattern. IFN-α in combination with IFN-λ1, IFN-λ2 or IFN-λ3 significantly increased the differentiation of PD-1+CXCR5- Tph-like cells and the secretion of Tph-related cytokines as compared with each IFN alone, suggesting a cooperative interaction. From these findings, it is highly probable that type III IFNs in addition to type I IFNs play a key role in the differentiation of Tph cells and that high levels of IFN-α and IFN-λ1 trigger the differentiation and expansion of Tph cells in SLE.
In situ Raman Monitoring of Competitive Adsorption of Ag and Au Nanoparticles onto a Poly(4-Vinyl Pyridine) Surface (2011)

The competitive adsorption of citrate-capped Ag and Au nanoparticles (~25 nm in diameter) onto a poly(4-vinyl pyridine) (P4VP) surface has been investigated by means of Raman scattering spectroscopy. The P4VP film prepared on a glass slide was too thin for its normal Raman spectrum to be observed, but the Raman peaks of P4VP could be detected upon the adsorption of Ag and/or Au nanoparticles onto the film, due to the surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) effect associated with the localized surface plasmon of Ag and/or Au nanoparticles. Neither quartz crystal microbalance nor atomic force microscopy (AFM) nor scanning electron microscopy (SEM) methodologies can distinguish between Ag and Au nanoparticles during their adsorption onto P4VP, but it is possible through Raman scattering spectroscopy because Ag (though not Au) nanoaggregates are SERS active at 514.5 nm excitation, while both Ag and Au nanoaggregates are SERS active at 632.8 nm excitation. Coupled with the AFM data, we were thus able to infer that about 120 Ag nanoparticles per 1 μm(2) were adsorbed, along with 60 Au nanoparticles per 1 μm(2), onto the P4VP film over a period of 1.5 h from a 1 : 1 mixture of Ag and Au sols at 1.6 nM each.
Demonstrating theIn SituBiodegradation Potential of Phenol Using Bio‐Sep®Bio‐Traps®and Stable Isotope Probing (2013)

Abstract The effect of phenol concentration on phenol biodegradation at an industrial site in the south of Wales, United Kingdom, was investigated using standard Bio‐Sep ® Bio‐Traps ® and Bio‐Traps ® coupled with stable isotope probing (SIP). Unlike many 13 C‐amendments used in SIP studies (such as hydrocarbons) that physically and reversibly adsorb to the activated carbon component of the Bio‐Sep ® beads, phenol is known to irreversibly chemisorb to activated carbon. Bio‐Traps ® were deployed for 32 days in nine site groundwater monitoring wells representing a wide range of phenol concentrations. Bio‐Traps ® amended with 13 C‐phenol were deployed together with non‐amended Bio‐Traps® in three wells. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) analysis of Bio‐Traps ® post‐deployment indicated an inhibitory effect of increasing phenol concentration on both total eubacteria and aerobic phenol‐utilizing bacteria as represented by the concentration of phenol hydroxylase gene. Despite the chemisorption of phenol to the Bio‐Sep ® beads, activated carbon stable isotope analysis showed incorporation of 13 C into biomass and dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) in each SIP Bio‐Trap ® indicating that chemisorbed amendments are bioavailable. However, there was a clear effect of phenol concentration on 13 C incorporation in both biomass and DIC confirming phenol inhibition. These results suggest that physical reductions of the phenol concentrations in some areas of the plume will be required before biodegradation of phenol can proceed at a reasonable rate. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Tunable finite-sized chains to control magnetic relaxation (2017)

The magnetic dynamics of low-dimensional iron ion chains have been studied with regards to the tunable finite-sized chain length using iron phthalocyanine thin films. The deposition temperature varies the diffusion length during thin-film growth by limiting the average crystal size in the range from 40 to 110 $\mathrm{nm}$. Using a method common for single chain magnets, the magnetic relaxation time for each chain length is determined from temporal remanence data and fit to a stretched exponential form in the temperature range below 5 $\mathrm{K}$, the onset for magnetic hysteresis. A temperature-independent master curve is generated by scaling the remanence by its relaxation time to fit the energy barrier for spin reversal, and the single spin-relaxation time. The energy barrier of 95 $\mathrm{K}$ is found to be independent of the chain length. In contrast, the single spin-relaxation time increases with longer chains from under 1 ps to 800 ps. We show that thin films provide the nanoarchitecture to control magnetic relaxation and a testbed to study finite-size effects in low-dimensional magnetic systems.
Synthesis and Characterization of Thermotropic Polyethers and Copolyethers Based on 4,4′-dihydroxy-α-methylstilbene and Flexible Spacers Containing Odd Numbers of Methylene Units (1991)

Abstract This paper describes the synthesis and characterization of thermotropic polyethers and copolyethers based on 4,4′-dihydroxy-α-methylstilbene (HMS) and flexible spacers containing odd number of methylene units [i.e., HMS-X/Y(A/B), where X is the number of methylene units in one of the spacers, Y is the number of methylene units in the other spacer, and A/B refers to the molar ratio of the two spacers]. The polyethers HMS-X are binary copolymers containing structural units derived from the two constitutional isomers of HMS and the flexible spacer. The binary copolymers HMS-X/Y(A/B) contain four structural units derived from combinations of the two constitutional isomers of HMS and the two flexible spacers. The following polymers and copolymers were synthesized and characterized: HMS-5, HMS-7, HMS-9, HMS-11, HMS-13(A/B), HMS-5/7(A/B), HMS-5/9(A/B), HMS-5/ll(A/B), HMS-7/9(A/B), HMS-9/ll(A/B), and HMS-9/13(A/B). All polymers had number average molecular weights higher than 15,000 and exhibited an enantiotropic nematic mesophase and several crystalline phases. Both the crystalline and the liquid crystalline phases are kinetically controlled i.e., their thermal transition temperatures and associated enthalpy changes are dependent on the heating rate and thermal history of the sample. These results led to the conclusion that for high molecular weight semi-flexible liquid crystalline polymers non-equilibrium states exist both in the liquid crystalline and crystalline phases. Quasi-equilibrium nematic-isotropic transition temperatures and enthalpy changes were obtained either from the first heating scan or after suitable annealing of the polymer sample.
Novel Mechanism of the Co-regulation of Nuclear Transport of SmgGDS and Rac1 (2003)

The armadillo protein SmgGDS promotes guanine nucleotide exchange by small GTPases containing a C-terminal polybasic region (PBR), such as Rac1 and RhoA. Because the PBR resembles a nuclear localization signal (NLS) sequence, we investigated the nuclear transport of SmgGDS with Rac1 or RhoA. We show that the Rac1 PBR has significant NLS activity when it is fused to green fluorescent protein (GFP) or in the context of full-length Rac1. In contrast, the RhoA PBR has very poor NLS activity when it is fused to GFP or in the context of full-length RhoA. The nuclear accumulation of both Rac1 and SmgGDS is enhanced by Rac1 activation and diminished by mutation of the Rac1 PBR. Conversely, SmgGDS nuclear accumulation is diminished by interactions with RhoA. An SmgGDS nuclear export signal sequence that we identified promotes SmgGDS nuclear export. These results suggest that SmgGDS. Rac1 complexes accumulate in the nucleus because the Rac1 PBR has NLS activity and because Rac1 supplies the appropriate GTP-dependent signal. In contrast, SmgGDS.RhoA complexes accumulate in the cytoplasm because the RhoA PBR does not have NLS activity. This model may be applicable to other armadillo proteins in addition to SmgGDS, because we demonstrate that activated Rac1 and RhoA also provide stimulatory and inhibitory signals, respectively, for the nuclear accumulation of p120 catenin. These results indicate that small GTPases with a PBR can regulate the nuclear transport of armadillo proteins.
Corrections for airborne radiation thermometry (1970)

The PRT5 was used for the remote measurement of ocean surface temperature. The correction for nonblackness of the ocean ranges from +0.6°C (under clear skies) to +0.1°C (under a low overcast). From an altitude of 300 meters the correction for absorption and emission in the intervening atmosphere can be approximated by 0.1(T − TA), where T is the indicated radiometric temperature and TA is the air temperature at flight level. The influence of haze is investigated experimentally and found to be small. Absolute accuracy of the measurements when made carefully from low altitude is ±0.2°C.
[Interaction between bovine serum albumin and umbelliferone with/without metal ions of Cu2+ or Zn2+]. (2005)

The interaction between bovine serum albumin (BSA) a nd umbelliferone, an active component of Chinese herbs, with or without metal ions was investigated using fluorescence spectroscopy (FS) and UV. The experimental results showed that the umbelliferone molecules inserted into the hydrophobic pockets of BSA and quenched the intrinsic fluorescence of BSA by forming umbelliferone-BSA complex. The mechanism of fluorescence quenching was confirmed combining by both static quenching and nonradiative energy transferring. It was discovered that the apparent association constant (K(A)) increases in the presence of Cu2+ and Zn2+, whereas the spatial-distance (r) between umbelliferone molecule and fluorescent amino acid residues of the BSA and the binding sites (n) of umbelliferone molecules on BSA have no obviously change. Binding of umbelliferone molecules to BSA was a spontaneous supramolecular interaction in which entropy increased and Gibbs free energy decreaed. The interaction of the umbelliferone-BSA was driven mainly by electrostatic force which was enhanced by Cu2+ and Zn2+, thus the contribution of AH to AG increased in the presence of metal ions.
Supplementary Methods from Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Double-Blinded Chemoimmunotherapy Clinical Trial in a Pet Dog Model of Diffuse Large B-cell Lymphoma (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 75K&lt;/p&gt;
Coherence recovery mechanisms of quantum Hall edge states (2018)

This paper is motivated by an unexpected observation in a recent experiment [S. Tewari et al., Phys. Rev. B 93, 035420 (2016).], where a robust coherence recovery, starting from a certain energy, was detected for an electron injected into a quantum Hall edge at a filling factor of 2. After passing through a quantum dot, the electron then tunnels into the edge with a subsequent propagation towards a symmetric Mach-Zender interferometer (MZI). Afterwards, the visibility of Aharonov-Bohm (AB) oscillations is measured. An earlier study, based on the bosonization framework with a linear spectrum of the edge excitations, predicted a decay of the visibility with increasing energy. We associate this result with the destructive interference of the two quasiparticles (charge and neutral modes), formed at the edge out of the incoming electron wave packet (WP). However, in reality, it might be suppressed due to an imbalance between the quasiparticles, for instance, in the presence of dispersion and/or dissipation. This idea could also be explored further experimentally by applying a periodic potential to the arms of the MZI and thus creating the imbalance. Yet another possibility to restore phase coherence, also based on dispersion and dissipation, accounts for a drop in the energy density of the electron WP by the time it arrives at the interferometer, leading to a significantly smaller dephasing inside it. We then show that the energy density is defined by a parameter completely independent of the injected energy, which naturally explains the emergence of threshold energy in the experiment.
Five-Phase Permanent Magnetic Synchronous Motor Fed by Fault Tolerant Five Phase Voltage Source Inverter (2016)

&lt;p&gt;Multiphase machines have gained attention in numerous fields of pplications such as Aircraft, ship propulsion, petrochemical and automobiles, where high reliability is required. The additional number of phases guarantees that the system continues to operate in faulty conditions compared to the traditional three-phase machine due to the high degree of freedom. Among faults able to affect multiphase system, break between a machine phase and the voltage source inverter (VSI) degrade the performance of the control. In this paper, a five-phase permanent magnet synchronous machine (PMSM) is fed through a fault tolerant voltage source inverter with new structure to ensure drive continuity when open circuit occurs. The five phase PMSM is controlled with fuzzy logic regulator to minimize disturbance impact that can arise fault condition. Paper is accomplished with real time simulations using MATLAB-Simulink in order to validate the new topology and show the effectiveness of the proposed solution.&lt;/p&gt;
Wide-Band Slot Antenna Arrays With Single-Layer Corporate-Feed Network in Ridge Gap Waveguide Technology (2014)

Single-layer, wideband, and low-loss corporate-feed networks for slot antenna arrays are described. The antenna is built using ridge gap waveguide technology, formed between two parallel metal plates without the requirements of electrical contact between these plates. The corporate-feed network is realized by a texture of pins and a guiding ridge in the bottom plate, and the radiating slots are placed in the smooth top plate. The paper describes two test antennas: a 4 × 1 linear slot array and a 2 × 2 planar slot array. Both have been fabricated and tested at Ku- band. The linear array shows more than 20% bandwidth and the 2 × 2 array shows a bandwidth of 21% for 10-dB return loss. There are good agreements between measured and simulated patterns for both antennas. Measured gain for the planar array is found to be at least 12.2 dBi over 12-15 GHz band.
Topical corticosteroid phobia in atopic dermatitis: International feasibility study of the TOPICOP score (2017)

The TOPICOP score can be feasibly applied across countries and may therefore be useful for obtaining qualitative and quantitative data from international studies and for adapting patient education and treatment.
Metabolism of the failing heart and the impact of SGLT2 inhibitors (2019)

Cardiac metabolism represents a complex network of numerous pathways responsible for an adequate supply of ATP to the incessant contractile apparatus. Impairments of such pathways are associated with myocardial dysfunction. The newest antidiabetic drugs, the SGLT2 inhibitors, have been demonstrated to reduce cardiovascular mortality and heart failure hospitalizations. The mechanisms underlying these benefits are still uncertain; however, they may play a decisive role in restoring energy efficiency to the damaged heart. Areas covered: This article reviews normal cardiac metabolism and contribution of different substrates to fuel supply. Specific attention is devoted to alterations of these pathways and their association with myocardial dysfunction. In addition, the impact of the novel SGLT2 inhibitors on cardiac mortality and heart failure hospitalizations is discussed. Various postulated mechanisms responsible for such benefits are also discussed. Expert opinion: Metabolic alterations seem to play a crucial role in etiology and progression of heart failure. The cardiovascular benefits of the novel SGLT2 inhibitors have attracted more attention to this field. With effects beyond lowering glucose levels, these agents have been reported to induce changes in cardiac metabolism and to exert anti-inflammatory properties that may contribute to their large cardiovascular beneficial effects by improving contractile bioenergetics. Therefore, SGLT2 inhibitors may become an alternative drug to treat heart failure patients, regardless of diabetic status.
Second-Harmonic Reflection Imaging of Normal and Accelerated Corneal Crosslinking Using Porcine Corneas and the Role of Intraocular Pressure (2013)

We found a strong influence of the IOP on SH reflection imaging of postmortem porcine corneal stroma. CXL and AXL led to similar SH images indicative of a similar tensile strength. Only at very elevated IOPs (26 mm Hg) did the results for AXL deviate from those of CXL, suggesting an IOP-related threshold for reliable applications of AXL.
Analysis of Conventional and Converted-Mode Reflections at Putah Sink, California, Using Three-Component Data: ABSTRACT (1988)

This DOI is not currently attached to any metadata records. DOIs can’t actually ever be deleted (they’re persistent), but sometimes our members create DOIs in error. We do have a process to approximate deletion which we follow only in rare cases where the DOI has been genuinely created in error, and most crucially, if the DOI has never been published anywhere online or in print and never otherwise distributed to or communicated with anyone (authors, readers, reviewers, etc.
Fast search algorithms for computational protein design (2016)

One of the main challenges in computational protein design (CPD) is the huge size of the protein sequence and conformational space that has to be computationally explored. Recently, we showed that state-of-the-art combinatorial optimization technologies based on Cost Function Network (CFN) processing allow speeding up provable rigid backbone protein design methods by several orders of magnitudes. Building up on this, we improved and injected CFN technology into the well-established CPD package Osprey to allow all Osprey CPD algorithms to benefit from associated speedups. Because Osprey fundamentally relies on the ability of A* to produce conformations in increasing order of energy, we defined new A* strategies combining CFN lower bounds, with new side-chain positioning-based branching scheme. Beyond the speedups obtained in the new A*-CFN combination, this novel branching scheme enables a much faster enumeration of suboptimal sequences, far beyond what is reachable without it. Together with the immediate and important speedups provided by CFN technology, these developments directly benefit to all the algorithms that previously relied on the DEE/ A* combination inside Osprey* and make it possible to solve larger CPD problems with provable algorithms.
Using Nanofiltration and Ultrafiltration for the Concentration of Amla (Phyllanthus emblica) Juice (2014)

This study aims to evaluate the performances of the membrane processes during the treatment of Amla juice for concentration and purification. Amla juice was concentrated and purified by membrane processes such as Ultrafiltration and Nanofiltration. Amla juice concentration and purification was done through spiral wound ultrafiltration (UF) and nanofiltration (NF) (NMWCO 15Kda) membrane module. The ash contents, ascorbic acid, clarity, electrical conductivity (S), pH, total soluble solids Brix and TDS (mg/l), of the purified and concentrated juice were determined. Experiments were performed in selected operating conditions according to the batch concentration procedure up to a final volume reduction factor (VRF) of 2. Almost all total soluble solids and ascorbic acid of the original juice were recovered in permeate. The resulting juice after filtration showed a complete removal of suspended solids with a consequent improvement of colour and clarity. Therefore, the concentrated and clarified juice retained the food value of the original juice. Experimental work carried out for purification and concentration of Amla juice using membrane technology shows that ultrafiltration followed by NF resulted in retained of valuable component present in amla juice. It is observed that maximum recovery rate achieved up to 71.4% in nanofiltration method.
Visual Sensitivity (1986)

A revolution in the science of emotion has emerged in recent decades, with the potential to create a paradigm shift in decision theories. The research reveals that emotions constitute potent, pervasive, predictable, sometimes harmful and sometimes ...Read More
Development of Interference-Free Wire-Driven Joint Mechanism for Surgical Manipulator Systems (2003)

従来のワイヤ駆動型関節は関節角度に応じてワイヤの経路と張力が変化してしまい, スムーズな関節駆動を阻害していた。本発表で提案する関節は転がり接触をしながら角度変化する構造を用いて, 関節動作に駆動ワイヤが干渉する問題を解決した。本発表ではこの関節構造について報告する。
Change-in-ratio density estimator for feral pigs is less biased than closed mark–recapture estimates (2008)

Closed-population capture–mark–recapture (CMR) methods can produce biased density estimates for species with low or heterogeneous detection probabilities. In an attempt to address such biases, we developed a density-estimation method based on the change in ratio (CIR) of survival between two populations where survival, calculated using an open-population CMR model, is known to differ. We used our method to estimate density for a feral pig (Sus scrofa) population on Fort Benning, Georgia, USA. To assess its validity, we compared it to an estimate of the minimum density of pigs known to be alive and two estimates based on closed-population CMR models. Comparison of the density estimates revealed that the CIR estimator produced a density estimate with low precision that was reasonable with respect to minimum known density. By contrast, density point estimates using the closed-population CMR models were less than the minimum known density, consistent with biases created by low and heterogeneous capture probabilities for species like feral pigs that may occur in low density or are difficult to capture. Our CIR density estimator may be useful for tracking broad-scale, long-term changes in species, such as large cats, for which closed CMR models are unlikely to work.
Timing of initiation of oral anticoagulants in patients with acute ischemic stroke and atrial fibrillation comparing posterior and anterior circulation strokes (2020)

Patients with PS or AS and AF appear to have similar risks of ischaemic or haemorrhagic events at 90 days with no difference concerning the timing of initiation of OAT.