gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Manure Components and Their Effect on Phosphorus Sorption onto Semi-aridic Soils (2023)

&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;Globally, rock-phosphate reserves are diminishing, while the amount of P-containing organic biowastes is ever-increasing. The use of such biowastes as organic amendments (OAs) in agriculture is the ultimate disposal goal of environmental and agricultural agencies throughout the world. This work aimed to evaluate the effect of OAs and their soluble and insoluble constituents on orthophosphate (IP) sorption to a wide range of semi-aridic soils. Using short-term (hours) and long-term (years) lab incubations and sorption experiments, we found that the effect of OA application on IP sorption depends on the properties of both the OA and the soil. These properties are the following: (i) the soil&amp;amp;#8217;s sorption capacity, (ii) the OA&amp;amp;#8217;s sorption capacity, (iii) the DOM and IP content of the OA, (iv) the soil&amp;amp;#8217;s clay content and type, (v) the concentration and type of the soluble cation in the soil solution. The overall effect on IP sorption (i.e., increased or reduced capacity) is the interplay between the soil, OA, and the OA DOM&amp;amp;#8211;soil interaction.&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;
A Comprehensive Study on Tetraaryltetrabenzoporphyrins (2020)

Abstract Invited for the cover of this issue are the groups of Lungerich and Jux at the Friedrich‐Alexander University Erlangen‐Nuernberg. The image depicts the synthetic feasibility with a “TATBP tuning shop”, which shows the change of the four meso aryl substituents to modify the performance of the molecule. Read the full text of the article at 10.1002/chem.201904718 .
Trade-Off Strategies in Designing Capacitor Voltage Balancing Schemes for Modular Multilevel Converter HVDC (2016)

This paper focuses on the engineering trade-offs in designing capacitor voltage balancing schemes for modular multilevel converters (MMC) HVDC: regulation performance and switching loss. MMC is driven by the on/off switch operation of numerous submodules and the key design concern is balancing submodule capacitor voltages minimizing switching transition among submodules because it represents the voltage regulation performance and system loss. This paper first introduces the state-of-the-art MMC-HVDC submodule capacitor voltage balancing methods reported in the literatures and discusses the trade-offs in designing these methods for HVDC application. This paper further proposes a submodule capacitor balancing scheme exploiting a control signal to flexibly interchange between the on-state and the off-state submodules. The proposed scheme enables desired performance-based voltage regulation and avoids unnecessary switching transitions among submodules, consequently reducing the switching loss. The flexibility and controllability particularly fit in high-level MMC HVDC applications where the aforementioned design trade-offs become more crucial. Simulation studies for MMC HVDC are performed to demonstrate the validity and effectiveness of the proposed capacitor voltage balancing algorithm.
Evaluation and characterization of antimicrobial properties of pregnenolone-derivatives on Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli (2008)

Recently, steroid-antibiotic conjugates have been developed as potential therapeutic agents for infectious diseases. In this work the antibacterial activity of two pregnenolone-derivatives was evaluated on S. aureus, K. pneumoniae and E. coli, using the dilution method and the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). The results indicate that bacterial growth of S. aureus was inhibited with cefotaxime (MIC = 0.25 mg/ml), gentamicin (MIC = 0.0125 mg/ml), hemisuccinate-pregnenolone (MIC = 1 mg/ml), ethylenediamine-hemisuccinate-pregnenenolone (MIC = 0.25 mg/ml) and the mixture of the two pregnenolone-derivatives (MIC = 0.5 mg/ml). Other results, showed that bacterial growth of E. coli was also inhibited with cefotaxime (MIC = 0.25 mg/ml), gentamicin (MIC = 0.00625 mg/ml), hemisuccinate-pregnenolone (MIC = 1 mg/ml), ethylenediamine-hemisuccinate-pregnenenolone (MIC = 0.5 mg/ ml) and the mixture of two pregnenolone-derivatives (MIC = 0.5 mg/ml). Alternative experiments showed that bacterial growth of K. pneumoniae was inhibited with cefotaxime (MIC = 0.125 mg/ml), gentamicin (MIC = 0.0.125 mg/ml), hemisuccinate-pregnenolone (MIC = 1 mg/ml), ethylenediamine-hemisuccinate-pregnenenolone (MIC = 0.5 mg/ml) and the mixture of two pregnenolone-derivatives (MIC = 0.5 mg/ml). Our results suggest that effect induced by pregnenolone-derivatives could be by the interaction with some bacterial membrane factors that are specific for bacterial resistance. In this sense, the antibacterial activity of pregnenolone-derivatives can depend of the nature of functional groups involved in their chemical structure that seems to be the key required for antibacterial activity.
Suppression of transverse and longitudinal instabilities in high-power MFA-MOPA semiconductor devices (1998)

Summary form only given. Modern devices such as monolithically integrated flared amplifier master oscillator power amplifiers (MFA-MOPAs) have generated high-power, near-diffraction limited, spatially coherent outputs. However, they are subject to transverse instabilities (filamentation, transverse mode beating) as well as longitudinal instabilities (self-pulsing, mode beating). We show theoretically how these difficulties can be minimized by shaping the power amplifier flare to overlap the forward propagating field. The onset of longitudinal and transverse effects is postponed by this improvement, allowing three times as much coherent power to be drawn from the laser. We also indicate that the virtual source movement with drive current is considerably less in the trumpet flared MOPA, offering considerable advantages to systems designers. We present detailed theoretical analyses of MFA-MOPAs comparable with those described in the literature. We use realistic carrier-dependent gain and index spectra, which may be obtained directly from experimental data, but is normally calculated using a detailed microscopic theory including nonlinear (saturable) gain and the influence of many-body effects. The field amplitudes and the carrier density are calculated using effective Bloch equations.
Complex event detection at wire speed with FPGAs (2010)

Complex event detection is an advanced form of data stream processing where the stream(s) are scrutinized to identify given event patterns. The challenge for many complex event processing (CEP) systems is to be able to evaluate event patterns on high-volume data streams while adhering to real-time constraints. To solve this problem, in this paper we present a hardware-based complex event detection system implemented on field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs). By inserting the FPGA directly into the data path between the network interface and the CPU, our solution can detect complex events at gigabit wire speed with constant and fully predictable latency, independently of network load, packet size, or data distribution. This is a significant improvement over CPU-based systems and an architectural approach that opens up interesting opportunities for hybrid stream engines that combine the flexibility of the CPU with the parallelism and processing power of FPGAs.
[Effects of intermittent +45 degrees head-up-tilt on mechanical parameters of femoral (correction of femural) bone in tail-suspended rats]. (2000)

Objective. To study the effects of different intermittent +45 degrees head-up-tilt (IHUT) on tail-suspended rats. Method. 28 male SD rats were randomly and equally divided into: control group (C), tail-suspended group (S), IHUT 2 h group (H2), and IHUT 4 h group (H4). On the basis of tail-suspension to simulate weightlessness, H rats were given 2 h or 4 h IHUT each day. The effects of 3 wk IHUT on tail-suspended rats were evaluated by measuring physical and mechanical parameters of the femur. Result. Femoral mass (fresh, dry and ash), diameter, and density (fresh, except H2 group) in S, H2 and H4 rats were declined significantly compared to C rats (P<0.01 or P<0.05). Diameter (P<0.05) and density of femur (P<0.01) in H2 rats were significantly improved compared to S rats. Compared to C rats, the strength and stiffness of femora were obviously weakened (P<0.01) in S rats. Elastic load in H2 rats improved markedly (P<0.05) than those in S group; in H4 group, elastic load, maximum load, and bending toughness coefficient improved significantly (P< 0.01 or P<0.05). Conclusion. Using IHUT, mechanical parameters of weight bearing bones of tail-suspended rats can be improved apparently, by extending the exposure time, mechanical parameters can be improved.
CPC-066 Identification of Patient Groups with Insufficient Knowledge About Their Medicines at Hospital Discharge (2013)

<h3>Background</h3> Hospital patients in Serbia receive information about their medicines from physicians and nurses. Pharmacists are not involved in medicines counselling. In countries with developed health care, pharmacists provide counselling to patients at discharge. <h3>Purpose</h3> To establish which groups of hospital patients got the least information about their medicines, since these patients could profit from additional counselling at discharge, provided by pharmacists. <h3>Materials and Methods</h3> The study was carried out in five hospitals in Serbia, over a period of 8 weeks. Pharmacists collected clinical data from the patient’s medical notes. Patients’ knowledge of medicines was assessed through an interview using a structured questionnaire, on the morning of discharge. We evaluated 3 groups of patients according to age, length of hospital stay and number of newly-introduced medicines. They were asked seven questions: if they were informed about all medicines, reasons for treatment, the effects of the drug, duration of treatment, posology and method of administration, undesirable effects and interactions. ‘Yes’ was awarded two points, ‘partially’ one and ‘no’ no points. A total ≤10 of all answers per patient was defined as insufficient knowledge. <h3>Results</h3> 148 patients (mean age 60 years) were interviewed. 74% of patients younger than 65 years and 89% of elder patients showed insufficient knowledge. Length of hospital stay had impact on patient knowledge. 70% who stayed more than 20 days had insufficient knowledge vs. 85% who were hospitalised less than 10 days. Insufficient knowledge increased with number of newly-introduced medicines (80% who had 1 vs. 96% who had ≥5 new drugs on discharge). <h3>Conclusions </h3> The findings of this study indicate that older patients, those who stay less time in hospital and those who receive more new drugs on discharge need to get more counselling about their treatment. Serbian pharmacists can take a proactive role for these patients. No conflict of interest.
Delta opioid peptide (D-ALA 2, D-LEU 5) enkephalin: linking hibernation and neuroprotection (2004)

Hibernation is a potential protective strategy for the peripheral, as well as for the central nervous system. A protein factor termed hibernation induction trigger (HIT) was found to induce hibernation in summer-active ground squirrels. Purification of HIT yielded an 88-kD peptide that is enriched in winter hibernators. Partial sequence of the 88-kD protein indicates that it may be related to the inhibitor of metalloproteinase. Using opioid receptor antagonists to elucidate the mechanisms of HIT, it was found that HIT targeted the delta opioid receptors. Indeed, delta opioid (D-Ala 2, D-Leu 5) enkephalin (DADLE) was shown to induce hibernation. Specifically, HIT and DADLE were found to prolong survival of peripheral organs, such as the lung, the heart, liver, and kidney preserved en bloc or as a single preparation. In addition, DADLE has been recently demonstrated to promote survival of neurons in the central nervous system. Exposure to DADLE dose-dependently enhanced cell viability of cultured primary rat fetal dopaminergic cells. Subsequent transplantation of these DADLE-treated dopaminergic cells into the Parkinsonian rat brain resulted in a two-fold increase in surviving grafted cells. Interestingly, delivery of DADLE alone protected against dopaminergic depletion in a rodent model of Parkinson s disease. Similarly, DADLE blocked and reversed the dopaminergic terminal damage induced by methamphetamine (METH). Such neuroprotective effects of DADLE against METH neurotoxicity was accompanied by attenuation of mRNA expressions of a tumor necrosis factor p53 and an immediate early gene c-fos. In parallel to these beneficial effects of DADLE on the dopaminergic system, DADLE also ameliorated the neuronal damage induced by ischemia-reperfusion following a transient middle cerebral artery occlusion. In vitro replication of this ischemia cell death by serum-deprivation of PC12 cells revealed that DADLE exerted neuroprotection in a naltrexone-sensitive manner. These results taken together suggest that DADLE stands as a novel therapeutic agent. In this review paper, we present laboratory evidence supporting the use of DADLE for protection of peripheral and central nervous system.
Tunneling contact IGZO TFTs with reduced saturation voltages (2017)

We report a tunneling contact indium-gallium-zinc oxide (IGZO) thin film transistor (TFT) with a graphene interlayer technique in this paper. A Schottky junction is realized between a metal and IGZO with a graphene interlayer, leading to a quantum tunneling of the TFT transport in saturation regions. This tunneling contact enables a significant reduction in the saturation drain voltage Vdsat compared to that of the thermionic emission TFTs, which is usually equal to the gate voltage minus their threshold voltages. Measured temperature independences of the subthreshold swing confirm a transition from the thermionic emission to quantum tunneling transports depending on the gate bias voltages in the proposed device. The tunneling contact TFTs with the graphene interlayer have implications to reduce the power consumptions of certain applications such as the active matrix OLED display.
Evaluation of closed-suction drainage for treating auricular hematomas (1996)

The principal and dynamics of closed-suction wound drainage lend themselves to use on auricular hematomas. This type of drainage was evaluated in the treatment of 10 auricular hematomas on nine animals. Seven animal owners rated the results of the procedure as "good," and two rated them as "fair." The two rating the procedure as having "fair" results owned dogs with allergic dermatitis, and the auricular hematomas recurred. In both dogs, auricular hematomas again recurred after other means of treatment were used. If the pocket for the vacuum tube is not secure and the animal is quite active, or if it molests the bandage, or both, it is possible for the tube to break or the needle to come off of the tubing.
Immunoblot analysis of serologic response to outer membrane proteins of Escherichia coli in elderly individuals with urinary tract infections (1988)

We used immunoblotting to examine the serologic antibody responses to outer membrane proteins (OMP) of Escherichia coli in both symptomatic and asymptomatic elderly subjects with urinary tract infections. Controls with no present or past urinary tract infections showed variable weak immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies to OMP of infecting strains. Elderly individuals with asymptomatic infections demonstrated antibody to both lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and OMP of their infecting strain, with consistent cross-reactivity to OMP of other infecting strains. Young females with acute pyelonephritis showed an IgG response to LPS and OMP with cross-reactivity to OMP of other strains. Elderly individuals with symptomatic invasive infections had strong reactions to both LPS and OMP in specimens collected during the acute phase, generally with an increase in intensity in specimens from convalescent patients. They also demonstrated extensive cross-reactivity to LPS and OMP from all other infecting strains. IgM antibody was not observed in any patients. These data confirm other reports of low levels of antibodies to OMP of E. coli in normal populations. Asymptomatic bacteriuria in this population is associated with antibody responses to the LPS and OMP of the infecting strain. Elderly individuals with invasive infections had initial reactions to the infecting strain with an apparent increase in intensity during convalescence. Antibodies to the major OMP appear to be broadly cross-reactive.
An Efficient Interlingua Translation System for Multi-lingual Document Production (2018)

Knowledge-based interlingual machine translation systems produce semantically accurate translations, but typically require massive knowledge acquisition. This paper describes KANT, a system that reduces this requirement to produce practical, scalable, and accurate KBMT applications. First, the set of requirements is discussed, then the full KANT architecture is illustrated, and finally results from a fully implemented prototype are presented.
Health 2.0 Workshop at the International Federation of Medical Students’ Associations General Assembly: A Starting Point for Raising Awareness About the Relationship Between Information Communication Technology and Health Care Among Medical Students. (2014)

Health care has been deeply transformed by the Digital Revolution at every level and many new paradigms allowed by the application of information and Communication Technologies in medicine are already mainstreamed in everyday  medical practice. e-Health allows a more patients centred, data driven, delivery of care, with big economical and  efficiency improvements, for both high- and low income countries. It is fundamental that awareness about the changes introduced by e-Health and its ethical and practical consequences  raise among medical students, as the following generation of health professionals. The International Federation of Medical Students’ Associations (IFMSA) represents the biggest medical students  association in the world and its aim is to arrange debates and discussions among medical students all over the world  about the impact of ICTs over Health Care, another great importance is to educate a generation towards professional  health awareness and confidence about the radical changes carried on by the correct usage of these technologies. During the 63rd General Assembly, in Hammamet, Tunisia, the Federation has started a long term effort to advocate  about e-Health with specific initiatives. Health 2.0 Workshop was organized to give the participants a background on  the several innovations introduced by ICTs. The workshop themes spanning from relationship between patients, doctors  and technology, devices and software, movements like Quantified Self, including medical education and research. Other  topics were also low-income backgrounds, and examples such as virtual simulation and Open Access platforms, Big  Data, Digital Epidemiology and the effects on Public Health and many others. The IFMSA enables a student movement  of passionate future health leaders and emphasizes the role of youth in the global mobilizing for health in the post-2015  development agenda, the theme of the General Assembly. IFMSA strongly believes that this contribution to promote  the enforcement of Universal Health Coverage will have an impact on health-care delivery, public health, research and  health-related activities, as stated in the e-Health Policy Statement approved during the General Assembly.
Alkali metal (cyclooctane‐1, 5‐diyl)dihydroborates(1‐) (1984)

This chapter contains sections titled: Lithium(Cyclooctane-1,5-diyl)dihydroborates(1-) Sodium(Cyclooctane-1,5-diyl)dihydroborates(1-) Potassium(Cyclooctane-1,5-diyl)dihydroborate(1-)
A miniature device for medical intracavitary intervention (2002)

The design and fabrication of a miniature catheter-tip structure incorporating shape memory alloy actuators are described. The ability of the active catheter-tip to generate large displacement and force at low frequency has been evaluated in an experimental set-up intended to replicate, in vitro, conditions similar to those encountered within a body cavity. The experimental results indicate that the proposed structure works properly, and that it could be improved in order to obtain a device truly usable for intracavitary operations.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Serum profiles of oxytocin during oral contraceptive treatment (1994)

Serum profiles of oxytocin were studied by means of a continuous blood sampling system in five young healthy women before and during treatment with a combined oral contraceptive. Oxytocin levels were determined by a specific radioimmunoassay in blood samples collected in 10-min fractions from 22.00 to 06.00. The values were further analyzed by the pulse detection program PULSAR. Great individual differences in oxytocin profiles were observed, and in some of the women these differences were also pronounced between the two sampling occasions. All 10 profiles demonstrated irregular peaks which occurred with varying frequency. Although the baseline level of oxytocin increased in all women and the average concentration increased in four of the women during treatment, there was no clear-cut effect on the peak frequency. Based on results from animal experiments, it is suggested that the increase in oxytocin levels may be related to an excitatory effect exerted by estrogen on oxytocin secreting neurons.
Efficient simulation of parametric faults for multi-stage analog circuits (2007)

Due to process variability which makes the analog circuit response probabilistic, fault simulation effectively requires a statistical analysis for each fault. As a result, fault simulation presents the major computational time component in analog test automation. While recently a number of statistical analysis approaches for analog circuits have been proposed, overall computational time is a big concern when a high number of parametric faults need to be evaluated. We present a series of schemes to increase the efficiency of fault simulation by extracting and reusing information from one fault simulation to another. Experiments on a baseband amplifier circuit confirm that the proposed techniques can be collectively applied to provide about a 50-fold simulation time saving at the cost of less than 3% loss in accuracy when compared with similar prior techniques.
Causal mutations from adaptive laboratory evolution are outlined by multiple scales of genome annotations and condition-specificity (2020)

The emergent adaptive strategies represented by sets of ALE mutations became more clear upon observing the aggregation of mutated features across small to large scale genome annotations. The clarification of mutation selection pressures among the many experimental conditions also helped bring these strategies to light. This work demonstrates how multiscale genome annotation frameworks and data-driven methods can help better characterize ALE mutations, and thus help elucidate the genotype-to-phenotype relationship of the studied organism.
ChemInform Abstract: STEROIDS. CCXLVIII. HYDROGENATION OF 12‐OXO‐5β‐CHOL‐9(11)‐ENATES ON PLATINUM (1981)

Abstract Hydrierung der 12‐Oxo‐cholestenate (Ia), (Ib) bzw. (Ic) über PtO 2 und anschließende Jones‐Oxidation der Reaktionsgemische führen zu den Produkten (II), (III)‐(V) bzw. (Ia), (III), (IV) und (VI)‐(VIII).