gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Intracellular multiplication of leprosy-derived mycobacteria in Schwann cells of dorsal root ganglion cultures (1985)

Organized nerve cultures of dorsal root ganglia from neonatal mice were infected with Mycobacterium leprae, the causative agent of leprosy. A significant multiplication of the acid-fast bacilli was observed within the Schwann cell component of the culture. The growth of these bacilli was sensitive to antileprosy drugs and was not observed directly in bacteriological media. These organisms were brightly stained with the monoclonal antibody to phenolic glycolipid-I, a M. leprae-specific marker. The antigenic, pathogenic, and biochemical characteristics of this mycobacterium are under investigation.
Simulating the MIMO efficiency of antennas (2017)

Presented is a mathematical model to compute the multiple-input multiple-output efficiency of a multiport antenna in the single-user case. The evaluation comprises the performance of a zero-forcing receiver in two limiting propagation scenarios, i.e., the random line-of-sight and the rich isotropic multipath channels.
Virus-specific Tregs are terminally differentiated upon peripheral activation and dependent on thymic output after both primary and secondary infection (P1035) (2013)

Abstract Regulatory CD4 T cells (Tregs) are defined as FoxP3+ cells and are categorized as natural (nTreg) or induced (iTreg). iTregs can be further classified as pathogen or epitope specific (pTreg). pTregs can share epitope specificity with effector cells (Teffs) and expand in response to infection. Although pTregs reduce infection-induced immunopathology, over-expansion and persistence can have a negative impact on pathogen clearance. Studying CD4 T cell responses to respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection, we found that the pTreg response had different dynamics than Teffs, which promoted efficient RSV clearance with minimal immunopathology and effectively established adaptive memory responses. The IA(b)M209-specific pTreg response was subdominant to IA(b)M209-specific Teffs. It peaked early to suppress responses in lymphoid organs after primary infection, but had limited regulation on CD8 T cell responses at the site of infection. The IA(b)M209-specific pTreg response contracted when the specific Teff responses peaked, and was diminished after secondary infection when an adequate adaptive Teff responses were established. The dynamics and differentiation pattern of the IA(b)M209-specific pTreg response was TCR clonotype-specific and enriched for recent thymic immigrants even on secondary infection, which suggests that pTreg responses are recalibrated with each infection to provide an optimal balance of Teff-mediated virus clearance and immunoregulation to limit tissue damage.
Optimization of agrobacterium‐mediated transformation of sugar beet: Glyphosate and insect pests resistance associated genes (2020)

Abstract Transformation of sugar beet with genes conferring tolerance against biotic stresses might accelerate improvement of new hybrid varieties with respect to root yield. In the present study, the optimization of transformation procedure and the integration of four agronomically important genes were assessed in two sugar beet inbred lines. First, the transformation system was optimized with the Agrobacterium tumefacienes LBA4404 and GV3101 strains harboring a recombinant plasmid vector. The vector was constructed based on pBI121 plasmid containing the cry IA105, cry IIIAa, CP4‐ epsps and gox genes. The effects of four factors including the strains and growth density of Agrobacterium , inoculation time, and plant lines on the frequency of regeneration were assessed. The adventitious bud excised leaflets were used as explants for tissue culture. A factorial experiment based on completely randomized design was adopted as statistical model. Analysis of variance showed that simple effect of Agrobacterium strain, growth density and inoculation time on regeneration of transgenic plantlets, as well as growth rate × inoculation time interaction had significant effects on regeneration of transgenic plantlets. Means comparison analyses indicated that OD 600 = 0.6 and inoculation time of 15 min were the best conditions for transformation. Totally, more than 330 putative transgenic plantlets were regenerated during transformation. The presence of transgenes in the putative transgenic plants was confirmed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis. Subsequently, transcription of transgenes was confirmed by Reverse Transcription‐PCR analysis. Overall, our results revealed that the modified protocol for transformation could be used successfully to introduce new gene cassettes into sugar beet lines.
Effects of Growth Factors and Feeder Cells on Porcine Primordial Germ Cells In Vitro (2000)

As embryonic stem (ES) cells are not available in swine, embryonic germ (EG) cells derived from primordial germ cells (PGCs) are an alternate source of pluripotent embryonic cells for genetic modification through homologous recombination. Although morphological and biochemical characteristics are similar between ES and EG cells, culture conditions are quite different. To optimize the culture condition for the establishment of porcine EG cells, porcine PGCs were cultured in vitro with various combinations of growth factors (leukemia inhibitory factor [LIF], stem cell factor [SCF], and basic fibroblast growth factor [bFGF]) and on different kinds of feeder cells (STO, TM4, Sl/Sl4 m220, porcine embryonic fibroblasts, and COS-7 cells). Optimal results were obtained when all three growth factors (LIF, SCF, and bFGF) were present in the media. Also, feeder cells expressing membrane-bound SCF are required for survival and establishment of porcine EG cells. Therefore, a combination of growth factors and proper feeder cells are critical for the establishment of undifferentiated porcine EG cells.
Separation of Main and Tail Rotor Noise from Ground-Based Acoustic Measurements (2014)

A new method of characterizing the external noise radiation of rotorcraft is presented, making use of ground-based acoustic measurements. The method employs time-domain de-Dopplerization to transform the acoustic pressure time-history data collected from a fixed array of ground-based microphones to the equivalent time-history signals observed by an array of virtual in-flight microphones traveling with the helicopter. The now-stationary signals observed by the virtual microphones are then periodically averaged with the main and tail rotor blade passages, which are inferred from the acoustic signals using wavelet analysis. The averaging process suppresses noise that is not periodic with the respective rotor, allowing for the separation of main and tail rotor pressure time histories. The averaged measurements are then interpolated across the range of directivity angles captured by the microphone array in order to generate separate acoustic hemispheres for the main and tail rotor noise sources. This method facilitates a more direct comparison of ground-based noise measurements of rotorcraft with theoretical predictions and wind tunnel measurements of isolated rotors. The new method is successfully applied to ground-based microphone measurements of a Bell 206B3 helicopter and demonstrates the strong directivity characteristics of harmonic noise radiation from both the main and tail rotors of that helicopter.
Biologically active secondary metabolites from Actinomycetes (2012)

Abstract Secondary metabolites obtained from Actinomycetales provide a potential source of many novel compounds with antibacterial, antitumour, antifungal, antiviral, antiparasitic and other properties. The majority of these compounds are widely used as medicines for combating multidrug-resistant Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial strains. Members of the genus Streptomyces are profile producers of previously-known secondary metabolites. Actinomycetes have been isolated from terrestrial soils, from the rhizospheres of plant roots, and recently from marine sediments. This review demonstrates the diversity of secondary metabolites produced by actinomycete strains with respect to their chemical structure, biological activity and origin. On the basis of this diversity, this review concludes that the discovery of new bioactive compounds will continue to pose a great challenge for scientists.
Intercross: An Android app for plant breeding and genetics cross management (2021)

Plant breeding is fundamentally comprised of three cyclic activities: 1) intermating lines to generate novel allelic combinations, 2) evaluation of new plant cultivars in distinct environments, and 3) selection of superior individuals to be used as parents in the next breeding cycle. While digital technologies and tools are commonly utilized for the latter two stages, many plant research programs still rely on manual annotation and paper tags to track the crosses that constitute the basis of a plant breeding program. This presence of analog data is a crack in the foundation of a digital breeding ecosystem and a significant occasion for errors to be introduced that will propagate through the entire breeding program. However, implementing digital cross tracking into breeding programs is difficult due to the non-standardized workflows that different breeders have adopted. Intercross, an open-source Android app, aims to provide scientists with a robust and simple solution for planning, tracking, and managing the crosses being made each season and aims to serve as the primary tool to digitize crossing data for breeding programs. The simplicity and flexibility of Intercross allows rapid and broad adoption by diverse breeding programs and will solidify the concepts of a digital breeding ecosystem.
Gaze Target Acquisition in Volunteer Action for Care-Worker Support Robot for Welfare Field (2003)

本研究では, 工学的な介護者支援に注目し, まず介護者支援ロボットによる命令を発端としない自主的行動を提案した。そして視線計測及び確認行動により, 注視対象を特定するシステムを構築し, 自主的行動を実現した。
3D Registration of Ultrasound Images Based on Morphology Skeleton (2005)

In order to eliminate displacement and elastic deformation between images of adjacent frames in course of 3D ultrasonic image reconstruction, elastic registration based on morphology skeleton was adopt in this paper. Feature points of connected skeleton are extracted automatically by accounting topical curvature extreme points several times. Initial registration is processed according to barycenter of skeleton. Whereafter, elastic registration based on radial basis function are processed according to feature points of skeleton. Result of example demonstrate that according to traditional rigid registration, elastic registration based on skeleton feature retain natural difference in shape for organ's different part, and eliminate slight elastic deformation between frames caused by image obtained process simultaneously. This algorithm has a high practical value for image registration in course of 3D ultrasound image reconstruction.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS AND CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF AN OXIDIZABLE POLYCYCLIC METACYCLOPHANE DERIVED FROM HEXACYCLEN AND HEXAFLUOROBENZENE (1985)

Abstract Synthesis and Crystal Structure of an Oxidizable Polycyclic Metacyclophane Derived from Hexacyclen and Hexafluorobenzene.
Anisotropic Transport Properties of the Orthorhombic Al13Co4 Approximant to the Decagonal Quasicrystal (2010)

Anisotropic transport properties (electrical resistivity, thermoelectricpower, Hall coefficient and thermal conductivity) of the o-Al13Co4orthorhombic approximant to the decagonal phase were investigated. Thecrystalline-direction-dependent measurements were performed along the a,b and c directions of the orthorhombic unit cell, where (b, c) atomicplanes are stacked along the perpendicular a direction. Anisotropicelectrical and thermal conductivities are the highest along the stackinga direction. The anisotropic thermoelectric power changes sign with thecrystalline direction and so does the anisotropic Hall coefficient,which changes from the negative electron-like to the positive hole-likefor different combinations of the electric current and magnetic fielddirection. The transport properties of the o-Al13Co4 phase were comparedto the literature data on approximant to the decagonal quasicrystals,the Al76Co22Ni2 and the Al80Cr15Fe5, allowing for the study of evolutionof transport properties with increasing structural complexity and unitcell size.
Targeting the Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition: The Case for Differentiation-Based Therapy (2016)

Although important strides have been made in targeted therapy for certain leukemias and subtypes of breast cancer, the standard of care for most carcinomas still involves chemotherapy, radiotherapy, surgery, or a combination of these. Two processes serve as obstacles to the successful treatment of carcinomas. First, a majority of deaths from these types of cancers occurs as a result of distant metastases and not the primary tumors themselves. Second, subsets of cells that are able to survive conventional therapy drive the aggressive relapse of the tumors, often in forms that are resistant to treatment. A frequently observed feature of malignant carcinomas is the loss of epithelial traits and the gain of certain mesenchymal ones that are programmed by the cell-biological program termed the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). The EMT program can confer (i) an ability to disseminate, (ii) an ability to become stem-like tumor-initiating cells, (iii) an ability to found new tumor colonies at distant anatomical sites, and (iv) an elevated resistance to therapy. These multiple powers of the EMT program explain why it has become an attractive target for therapeutic intervention. Recent work has revealed the variable nature of the EMT, with multiple versions of the program being observed depending on the tissue context and the stage of tumor progression. In this review, we attempt to crystallize emerging concepts in the research on EMT and stemness and discuss the benefits of using a differentiation-based therapeutic strategy for the eradication of stem-like populations that have adopted various versions of the EMT program.
Safeguards and Non-proliferation Issues as Related to Advanced Fuel Cycle and Advanced Fast Reactor Development with Processing of Reactor Fuel (2006)

The goal of this work is to establish basic data and techniques to enable safeguards appropriate to a new generation of nuclear power systems that will be based on fast spectrum reactors and mixed actinide fuels containing significant quantities of "minor" actinides, possibly due to reprocessing, and determination of what new radiation signatures and parameters need to be considered. The research effort focuses on several problems associated with the use of fuel having significantly different actinide inventories that current practice and on the development of innovative techniques using new radiation signatures and other parameters useful for safeguards and monitoring. In addition, the development of new distinctive radiation signatures as an aid in controlling proliferation of nuclear materials has parallel applications to support Gen-IV and current advanced fuel cycle initiative (AFCI) goals as well as the anticipated Global Nuclear Energy Partnership (GNEP).
Kinetic Modeling of “Go Slow” Dialysis in Acute Renal Failure (1998)

Go slow" dialysis is a gentle, intermittent hemodialysis therapy for acute renal failure patients, with advantages compared to slow, continuous therapies. It employs a recirculating closed dialysate circuit. A two-pool urea kinetic model is elaborated to determine kinetic parameters from blood and dialysate concentrations. This will allow quantification of the therapy. Variable clearance is included to accurately describe the kinetic process. The model is tested in an acute renal failure patient. Solute removals, as determined from direct dialysis quantification and by the model, are comparable. Variable clearance is not required to determine the kinetic parameters, because the constant mean clearance delivers equal results. The dialysis dose, as defined, allows comparison with chronic renal therapies. It requires solute removal determined from dialysate sampling and time-averaged concentration (TAC) from the urea kinetic modeling. In the test patient, dialysis dose is lower compared to standard thrice-weekly therapies because of its lower efficiency and higher TAC, a result of his highly catabolic state.
Robust Downbeat Tracking Using an Ensemble of Convolutional Networks (2016)

In this paper, we present a novel state of the art system for automatic downbeat tracking from music signals. The audio signal is first segmented in frames which are synchronized at the tatum level of the music. We then extract different kind of features based on harmony, melody, rhythm and bass content to feed convolutional neural networks that are adapted to take advantage of each feature characteristics. This ensemble of neural networks is combined to obtain one downbeat likelihood per tatum. The downbeat sequence is finally decoded with a flexible and efficient temporal model which takes advantage of the metrical continuity of a song. We then perform an evaluation of our system on a large base of 9 datasets, compare its performance to 4 other published algorithms and obtain a significant increase of 16.8 percent points compared to the second best system, for altogether a moderate cost in test and training. The influence of each step of the method is studied to show its strengths and shortcomings.
Trajectory of aging following diagnosis of cancer. (2022)

12087 Background: Aging is a nebulous concept with several definitions, but they all generally include physical and cognitive decline in function as a key component. We hypothesized that following cancer diagnosis, patients decline in physical and cognitive function would correspond with accelerated and/or accentuated aging trajectories. The magnitude of the functional changes could inform strategies to minimize impact of cancer diagnosis on trajectory of aging. Methods: We analyzed 32,935 participants &gt;50 years enrolled between 1995-2018 in the Health and Retirement Study (HRS), a population-based, biennial longitudinal health interview survey of older adults in the United States. We assessed the changes in physical and cognitive function among cancer patients controlling for their pre-cancer trajectories and comparing it with aged population with no cancer diagnosis as control. The primary outcomes were change in physical function (Activities of Daily Living (ADL) and Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADL): range 0–11) and global cognitive function (Telephone Interview for Cognitive Status (TICS): range 0–27). The secondary outcome was change in self-rated health (SRH: range 1-5). We estimated the effect of acute change based on the immediate post-cancer outcome measurements compared to the trajectories before cancer; and the long-term effect as the per-year change in outcome decline post cancer compared to aging of cancer-free respondents adjusting covariates by linear mixed models. Results: 5,101 developed incident cancer: 1,514 in the 50-64 age group, 1,901 in the 65-74 age group, and 1,686 in the 75+ age group. 27,834 participants were cancer-free throughout. Cancer was associated with acute declines in physical function (0.06 [0.01– 0.10] and 0.25 [0.14– 0.36] points), cognitive function (0.22 [0.04–0.39] and 0.24 [0.01– 0.46] points), and SRH (0.19 [0.14–0.23] and 0.22 [0.12–0.33] points) for age of onset groups 50- and 75+ respectively. Moreover, participants with cancer demonstrated accelerated decline in physical function (0.02 [0.01–0.03], and 0.06 [0.05–0.07] points per year faster for 50-74 and 75+ age-of-onset groups respectively) compared to cancer-free participants, but not in cognitive and SRH. Lung, colorectal &amp; breast cancer were associated with the highest acute and accelerated decline in functions, while prostate cancer was associated with moderate and insignificant decline. Conclusions: Using 24 years of nationally representative longitudinal data, this study provides, for the first time, evidence for the heterogeneous aging trajectories of cancer patients across varying age-of-onset and cancer types. Our results supported an accelerated aging trajectory of physical function with increased acceleration with increasing age-of-onset compared to the non-cancer population. It also provides evidence for accentuated aging trajectories of cognitive function and self-rated health.
Thick low-loss orientation-patterned gallium arsenide (OP-GaAs) samples for mid-infrared laser sources (2007)

Nonlinear optical materials play a key role in the development of coherent sources of radiation as they permit the frequency conversion of mature solid-state lasers into spectral ranges where lasers do not exist or perform poorly. The availability of efficient quasi-phasematched infrared materials is thus considered as important for the development of several defense optronics applications. This paper will review the recent progresses we achieved with thick Orientation Patterned-GaAs structures. We will present results obtained in growing thick-layer (500 µm) on 2 cm long structures with very low optical losses (less than 0.02 cm<sup>-1</sup>). This loss coefficient is low enough to allow the realization of a high power OPO in the MIR band.
Size of Ruptured Intracranial Aneurysms Is Decreasing (2018)

The size of RIAs seems to be decreasing among younger generations of hospital-admitted subarachnoid hemorrhage patients, whereas 50-year-old and older subarachnoid hemorrhage patients have an increasing proportion of posterior circulation RIAs. These epidemiological changes are noteworthy, especially if they are universal and ongoing.
Effect Of Ibuprofen Combined With Prostacyclin On Platelet And Leukocyte Counts Following Acid Aspiration Injury (1981)

Thrombogenesis and certain aspects of inflammation are mediated by products of the arachidonic acid enzymatic cascade, such as prostacyclin (PGI2) and thromboxane A2 (TxA2). A ratio of these mediators has been theorized to be significant for modulating platelet and leukocyte activity. It has also been suggested that endothelial cell disruption or dysfunction will alter the titers of PGI2 and TxA2- Acid aspiration in dogs results in respiratory failure with a concomitant entrapment of platelets and leukocytosis. In this study the cyclo-oxygenase inhibitor ibuprofen andPd2, separately or together, were given IV to dogs after endotracheal instillation of 3.0 ml, 0.1 N HCl, and the effects on platelet and leukocyte (WBC) counts over a period of 4 h were quantitated. At 0.5 h platelet counts fell ∼25% to 160,800/mm3 (p &lt; 0.05) and continued to fall (∼30% loss) over the course of 4 h. WBC counts increased gradually from ∼5,700/mm3 to ∼14,000/mm3 during the 4 h of observation Cp &lt; 0.025). An infusion of PGI2 (100 ng/kg-mirrl; n=6) or an IV bolus of ibuprofen (12 mg/kg; n=6) given 1 h post-aspiration had no effect on either platelet or WBC counts in aspirated animals when compared with untreated controls. Six dogs received, 1 h post-aspiration, ibuprofen (12 mg/kg) in an IV bolus combined with a low dose of PGI2 (10 ng/kg-mirrl) infused IV for 1 h. In this experimental group platelet counts returned to baseline values and WBC counts remained above control values. Ibuprofen combined with PGI2 also was an effective therapy for the aspiration pneumonia, which also suggests that thromboxanes and prostaglandin secretions in some yet to be explained manner mediate platelet and/or leukocyte secretions which enhance lung injury.