gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Localized Disorders in Myocardial Contraction (1967)

CONGESTIVE heart failure has usually been considered to be a global affection of the myocardium in which disturbance of contraction in one or both ventricles is generalized. On the other hand, abnormal myocardial contraction may be caused by local areas of malfunctioning myocardium interacting with other areas of completely normal muscle. The possibility that unco-ordinated contraction of the heart results from such a combination of normal and abnormal muscle has received little attention.In 1925 Wiggers1 described the pattern of left ventricular contraction as a "series of sequential fractionate contractions of muscle bundles." He suggested that disturbance in this temporal . . .
Analytical Parameters of Isolated Constituents of Root's of Syzygium cuminii (L) skeel (2011)

Syzygium cuminii (L) skeel commonly known as ‘jamun’ is widely used in Indian folk medicine for the treatment of diabetes Mellitus. The present study an attempt has been made to produce a complete analytical and chemical profile of the isolated constituents of root's of syzygium cuminii(L) skeel. The pharmacological and pharmaceutical work is going on in our laboratory.
Sector-disk codes with three global parities (2017)

Codewords in array format find applications in disk storage where columns are stored on different disks in combination with row parity checks across disks that protect data against disk failures. The addition of global parities protects against sector failures on any of the disks while keeping storage overhead low. We construct sector-disk array codes that tolerate any combination of two disk failures and three sector failures with minimal overhead. The construction is the first for codes of this type that does not rely on exhaustive search.
Growth kinetic parameters and biosynthesis of polyhydroxybutyrate in Cupriavidus necator DSMZ 545 on selected substrates (2010)

Kinetic model for Cupriavidus necator in batch culture using glucose, fructose and molasses as carbon sources was obtained. The experimental data was also fitted with the modified logistic equation that can provide adequate description for PHB synthesized by C. necator. The lineweaver-Burk plot defined biokinetic coefficients which were described by a simplified Monod?s rate model. The specific growth rates, ?max and the Monod constants, Ks, for various substrates such as glucose, fructose and molasses were 0.18, 1.25, 0.42 h-1 and 107.53, 30.342, 188.16 g/l, respectively. The kinetic constants were evaluated on the basis of non-linear regression were solved using MATLAB software. A good agreement was found between the experimental and the predicted values, which indicated that the model with differential equations would describe fermentation process for the PHB formation.
Impact of Inhalation Exposure Modality and Particle Size on the Respiratory Deposition of Ricin in BALB/c Mice (2003)

Ricin is a toxic lectin derived from the seed of Ricinus communis (castor plant). It is lethal in small quantities when disseminated as an aerosol. We determined the impact of using two types of exposure chambers and different particle sizes on the deposition of ricin aerosols in mice. Initially, two types of inhalation exposure chambers (whole-body [WB] or nose-only [NO]) were compared using the same size aerosol (1 µm) to determine the potential impact upon respiratory deposition and presented dose. We then assessed the role of particle size on deposition by using aerosols with two distinctly sized particle distributions. Selected organs were collected at four time points after exposure and were analyzed by quantitative enyzme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and epifluorescence microscopy. Results of the exposure chamber comparison, using 1-µm particles only, indicated approximately 50% of the total ricin in the 4 organs was detected in the lung tissue 1 h after exposure. The trachea and nasopharyngeal region of the animals exposed using the WB chamber contained significantly more ricin than those of animals exposed in the NO chamber. Histopathology indicated an accumulation of ricin in both the tracheobronchial and pulmonary regions with pronounced bronchiolar degradation 48 h postexposure. When particles larger than 3 µm were used, results indicated a considerable amount of ricin initially detected in the trachea, although this finding was discounted due to the heterodispersity of the particles generated. Interestingly, no animals died as a result of exposure to the equivalent of 4 LD50s (as determined using a 1-µm particle) when exposed to the larger size distribution of particles. This result indicates a differential lethality that is contingent upon aerosol size.
Role of Lymphocyte Activation Gene-3 (Lag-3) in Conventional and Regulatory T Cell Function in Allogeneic Transplantation (2014)

Lag-3 has emerged as an important molecule in T cell biology. We investigated the role of Lag-3 in conventional T cell (Tcon) and regulatory T cell (Treg) function in murine GVHD with the hypothesis that Lag-3 engagement diminishes alloreactive T cell responses after bone marrow transplantation. We demonstrate that Lag-3 deficient Tcon (Lag-3(-/-) Tcon) induce significantly more severe GVHD than wild type (WT) Tcon and that the absence of Lag-3 on CD4 but not CD8 T cells is responsible for exacerbating GVHD. Lag-3(-/-) Tcon exhibited increased activation and proliferation as indicated by CFSE and bioluminescence imaging analyses and higher levels of activation markers such as CD69, CD107a, granzyme B, and Ki-67 as well as production of IL-10 and IFN-g early after transplantation. Lag-3(-/-) Tcon were less responsive to suppression by WT Treg as compared to WT Tcon. The absence of Lag-3, however, did not impair Treg function as both Lag-3(-/-) and WT Treg equally suppress the proliferation of Tcon in vitro and in vivo and protect against GVHD. Further, we demonstrate that allogeneic Treg acquire recipient MHC class II molecules through a process termed trogocytosis. As MHC class II is a ligand for Lag-3, we propose a novel suppression mechanism employed by Treg involving the acquisition of host MHC-II followed by the engagement of Lag-3 on T cells. These studies demonstrate for the first time the biologic function of Lag-3 expression on conventional and regulatory T cells in GVHD and identify Lag-3 as an important regulatory molecule involved in alloreactive T cell proliferation and activation after bone marrow transplantation.
Model-based Feedback Control of an Ultrasonic Transducer for Ultrasonic Assisted Turning Using a Novel Digital Controller (2015)

Ultrasonic turning has time variant parameters due to temperature effects and changing load conditions during the process. This results in a change of the resonance frequency and vibration amplitude. To realize constant vibration amplitudes it is necessary to control the ultrasonic transducer by a suitable feedback controller. One approach to drive such a system is to use the resonance frequency as operating point in connection with an amplitude feedback controller. The advantages of resonant driven low damped systems are low voltages and high values of effective power. This paper presents a digital system used for parameter identification and model-based feedback control of the ultrasonic turning tool. During the turning process the system load depends on several factors like chip formation, material inhomogeneity, warming and tool wear. To achieve a stable process and a uniform surface of the work piece the feedback controller has to guarantee constant vibration amplitudes of the ultrasonic tool. The controller used in this paper consists of a digital resonance controller and a current amplitude controller with a frequency of 500 Hz. The current amplitude and phase between the excitation voltage and current are determined by phase sensitive demodulation (PSD). To determine the feedback parameters a model-based approach is used.
Where in the brain do internally generated and externally presented visual information interact? (2023)

Abstract Conscious experiences normally result from the flow of external input into our sensory systems. However, we can also create conscious percepts independently of sensory stimulation. These internally generated percepts are referred to as mental images, and they have many similarities with real visual percepts. Consequently, mental imagery is often referred to as “seeing in the mind’s eye”. While the neural basis of imagery has been widely studied, the interaction between internal and external sources of visual information has received little interest. Here we examined this question by using fMRI to record brain activity of healthy human volunteers while they were performing visual imagery that was distracted with a concurrent presentation of a visual stimulus. Multivariate pattern analysis (MVPA) was used to identify the brain basis of this interaction. Visual imagery was reflected in several brain areas in ventral temporal, lateral occipitotemporal, and posterior frontal cortices, with a left-hemisphere dominance. The key finding was that imagery content representations in the left lateral occipitotemporal cortex were disrupted when a visual distractor was presented during imagery. Our results thus demonstrate that the representations of internal and external visual information interact in brain areas associated with the encoding of visual objects and shapes.
TP63-Mediated Enhancer Reprogramming Drives the Squamous Subtype of Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma (2018)

The aberrant expression of squamous lineage markers in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) has been correlated with poor clinical outcomes. However, the functional role of this putative transdifferentiation event in PDA pathogenesis remains unclear. Here, we show that expression of the transcription factor TP63 (ΔNp63) is sufficient to install and sustain the enhancer landscape and transcriptional signature of the squamous lineage in human PDA cells. We also demonstrate that TP63-driven enhancer reprogramming promotes aggressive tumor phenotypes, including enhanced cell motility and invasion, and an accelerated growth of primary PDA tumors and metastases in vivo. This process ultimately leads to a powerful addiction of squamous PDA cells to continuous TP63 expression. Our study demonstrates the functional significance of squamous transdifferentiation in PDA and reveals TP63-based reprogramming as an experimental tool for investigating mechanisms and vulnerabilities linked to this aberrant cell fate transition.
Influence of Bibenzoate Regioisomers on Cyclohexanedimethanol-Based (Co)polyester Structure–Property Relationships (2019)

Melt polymerization enabled the synthesis of semi-aromatic (co)polyesters containing 1,4-cyclohexanedimethanol (CHDM), 4,4′-bibenzoate (4,4′BB), and 3,4′-bibenzoate (3,4′BB). Proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) spectroscopy confirmed monomer incorporation, and size exclusion chromatography (SEC) revealed molecular weights and polydispersity indices (PDIs) consistent with high conversion melt phase synthesized polyesters. All bibenzoate-based polyesters exhibited a high onset of 5 wt % loss temperature according to thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) (>350 °C), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) provided compositionally dependent glass transition temperatures (Tgs) approaching 135 °C and crystalline melting temperatures where applicable. Dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) probed sub-Tg β-relaxations with minimal changes in intensity, suggesting that cyclohexyl ring relaxations dominated the low temperature energy absorption for all (co)polyester compositions. Time–temperature superposition (TTS) analysis from melt rheology revealed increasing characteristic relaxation times with increasing 4,4′BB content, which was attributed to the linear 4,4′BB stiffening the polymer chain. Increased kinked 3,4′BB content promoted chain entanglement, resulting in a lower entanglement molecular weight and a higher number of entanglements per chain (N/Ne). Similarly, increases in 3,4′BB content improved tensile yield strength and Young’s modulus due to a higher polymer density and potentially due to an increase in entanglement density. Finally, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) suggested mostly brittle failure after necking and strain hardening in tensile specimens. As a result, structure–property relationships afforded insight into regioisomer impacts on thermal, rheological, and mechanical performance for bibenzoate-based (co)polyester regioisomers.
Non-classical diffusion in ionic liquids (2011)

In this study the diffusion coefficient of neutral and cationic ferrocenyl-derivatives have been characterised in a range of 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium ionic liquids of the general form [C(n)C(1)Im](+)[X](-). The electrochemistry of ferrocene, 1-ferrocenylmethylimidazole (FcC(1)Im), 1-ferrocenylmethylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide ([FcC(1)C(1)Im][Tf(2)N]) and N,N,N,N-trimethylferrocenyl-methylammonium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide ([FcC(1)NMe(3)][Tf(2)N]), in 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide ([C(2)C(1)Im][Tf(2)N]) was investigated. It was shown that the diffusion coefficients of each were not significantly affected by the presence and location of a positive charge on the ferrocenyl-derivative, suggesting that coulombic solvent-solute interactions did not hinder motion of these species in ionic liquids. The diffusion coefficients for [FcC(1)C(1)Im][Tf(2)N] in five [C(n)C(1)Im][X] ionic liquids were determined as a function of temperature and the data shown to disobey the Stokes-Einstein equation. This observation is consistent with the fact that ionic liquids are glass formers, systems in which non-Stokesian behaviour is well documented. Measured diffusion coefficient data was used to determine correlation length in the ionic liquid and was found to correlate with the average size of holes, or voids, within the ionic liquid. This interpretation suggests that a model by which a migrating species can jump between voids or holes within the liquid is highly appropriate and is consistent with the observed behaviour measured across a range of temperatures.
HER-2/neu amplification predicts poor survival in node-positive breast cancer. (1990)

HER-2/neu protooncogene amplification and protein expression were analyzed with slot blot and Western blot techniques, respectively, in more than 300 invasive primary breast tumors of all stages. Amplification (2- greater than 30 copies) was found in 17% of these tumors and high expression was seen in 19%. There was a striking coincidence between gene amplification and high expression. Tumors associated with many involved axillary lymph nodes or with Stage IV disease were more often HER-2/neu amplified or overexpressed. Furthermore, gene alteration was strongly correlated with the absence of steroid receptors and with larger tumor size. High expression without gene amplification was seen in a minor subset of tumors of less aggressive character. Neither amplification nor overexpression was correlated with disease outcome for patients with negative axillary lymph nodes. For node-positive patients, however, HER-2/neu amplification was a significant predictor of early relapse and death (median follow-up = 45 months), and a similar trend, although not significant, existed for high gene expression. Multivariate analyses indicated that HER-2/neu alterations were not independent predictors of patient outcome.
Prospero is a panneural transcription factor that modulates homeodomain protein activity (1997)

The panneural protein Prospero is required for proper differentiation of neuronal lineages and proper expression of several genes in the nervous system of Drosophila. Prospero is an evolutionarily conserved, homeodomain-related protein with dual subcellular localization. Here we show that Prospero is a sequence-specific DNA-binding protein with novel sequence preferences that can act as a transcription factor. In this role, Prospero can interact with homeodomain proteins to differentially modulate their DNA-binding properties. The relevance of functional interactions between Prospero and homeodomain proteins is supported by the observation that Prospero, together with the homeodomain protein Deformed, is required for proper regulation of a Deformed-dependent neural-specific transcriptional enhancer. We have localized the DNA-binding and homeodomain protein-interacting activities of Prospero to its highly conserved C-terminal region, and we have shown that the two regulatory capacities are independent.
Interpretation of ESCA Chemical Shifts for o-Arylenedioxy Chelates of Silicon (1977)

ESCA data on the o-arylenedioxy chelates of silicon have been correlated with data on other organosilicon compounds using PAULING electronegativities. The data do not support p π → d π back bonding in the anionic chelates.
HRXRD and micro-CT multiscale investigation of stress and defects induced by a novel packaging design for MEMS sensors (2022)

Advanced methods such as high-resolution X-ray diffraction and X-ray micro CT allow highly precise determination of materials' residual stress, volume, and lattice defects. Their conjoint exploitation offers a powering tool to facilitate the industrial implementation of novelties in microfabrication. The wafer-level packaging represents a critical step of the MEMS microfabrication resulting in a hermetic, defect- and stress-free interface. For the first time, such critical parameters are investigated related to a novel wafer-bonding process, namely Impulse Current Bonding (ICB), and compared to the standard anodic bonding technology used for MEMS production. The ICB does not induce any relevant residual stress at the interface above the limit of 1 MPa, determined by the unrivaled strain detectability of HRXRD. The bonding interface is devoid of any defects, as defined by X-ray micro-CT studies. The ICB technology reduces the thermal budget of the packaging up to 85% compared to the anodic bonding, which outlines an outstanding step forward in reducing the energy footprint. The extension of ICB to other materials systems such as glass to ceramic or metals makes this technology a promising candidate for numerous applications, including the design of biocompatible devices for bio-implants.
Size invariance in visual object priming. (1992)

The magnitude of priming resulting from perception of a briefly presented picture of an object in an earlier trial block, as assessed by naming reaction times (RTs), was independent of whether the primed object was presented at the or a different size as when originally viewed. RTs and error rates for same responses for old-new shape judgments were much increased by a change in object size from initial presentation. We conjecture that this dissociation between the effects of size consistency on naming and old-new shape may reflect the differential functioning of 2 independent systems subserving object memory: 1 for representing object shape and the other for representing its size, position, and orientation (metric attributes). Allowing for response selection, object naming RTs may provide a relatively pure measure of the functioning of the shape system. Both the shape and metric systems may affect the feelings of familiarity that govern old-new episodic shape judgments. A comparison of speeded naming and episodic judgments may provide a behavioral, noninvasive technique for determining the neural loci of these 2 systems. The recognition latency of a shape originally viewed at one size is lengthened when that shape is presented at a different size (Jolicoeur, 1987). This result, and a number of others demonstrating time costs for comparing two simultaneously (or immediately sequential) presented shapes that differ in size (Besner, 1983; Bundesen & Larsen, 1975; Ellis, Allport, Humphreys, & Collis, 1989; Jolicoeur & Besner, 1987; Larsen, 1985; Larsen & Bundesen, 1978) have led to the belief that shapes are stored at a specified scale (Kosslyn, 1987; Ullman, 1989).' To achieve matching of the representation of that shape when it is presented at a different size, according to this view, scaling transformations are necessary (e.g., Ullman, 1989). Presumably, the additional time to perform these transformations is the reason why the match of a different-size shape requires more time. Recognition was placed in quotes in the previous paragraph because, curiously, the effects of size consistency on a relatively direct measure of object classification, basic-level naming, have never been assessed. Jolicoeur's (1987) measure of was old-new discrimination. Jolicoeur himself cautioned that it was possible that the effects of size inconsistency in his experiment were not reflecting the perceptual representation used for pattern of the object but rather the processes for episodic discrimination. We report here that Jolicoeur's disquiet was well founded: Size consistency does not affect basic-level naming reaction times (RTs). We used a picture-primin g task where it has been well documented that an object viewed on one occasion
Fault Detection in Wireless Sensor Networks through the Random Forest Classifier (2019)

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) are vulnerable to faults because of their deployment in unpredictable and hazardous environments. This makes WSN prone to failures such as software, hardware, and communication failures. Due to the sensor's limited resources and diverse deployment fields, fault detection in WSNs has become a daunting task. To solve this problem, Support Vector Machine (SVM), Convolutional Neural Network (CNN), Stochastic Gradient Descent (SGD), Multilayer Perceptron (MLP), Random Forest (RF), and Probabilistic Neural Network (PNN) classifiers are used for classification of gain, offset, spike, data loss, out of bounds, and stuck-at faults at the sensor level. Out of six faults, two of them are induced in the datasets, i.e., spike and data loss faults. The results are compared on the basis of their Detection Accuracy (DA), True Positive Rate (TPR), Matthews Correlation Coefficients (MCC), and F1-score. In this paper, a comparative analysis is performed among the classifiers mentioned previously on real-world datasets. Simulations show that the RF algorithm secures a better fault detection rate than the rest of the classifiers.
Glutaminolysis Promotes Collagen Translation and Stability via α-Ketoglutarate–mediated mTOR Activation and Proline Hydroxylation (2017)

Glutaminolysis is the metabolic process of glutamine, aberration of which has been implicated in several pathogeneses. Although we and others recently found a diversity of metabolic dysregulation in organ fibrosis, it is unknown if glutaminolysis regulates the profibrotic activities of myofibroblasts, the primary effector in this pathology. In this study, we found that lung myofibroblasts demonstrated significantly augmented glutaminolysis that was mediated by elevated glutaminase 1 (Gls1). Inhibition of glutaminolysis by specific Gls1 inhibitors CB-839 and BPTES as well as Gls1 siRNA blunted the expression of collagens but not that of fibronectin, elastin, or myofibroblastic marker smooth muscle actin-α. We found that glutaminolysis enhanced collagen translation and stability, which were mediated by glutaminolysis-dependent mTOR complex 1 activation and collagen proline hydroxylation, respectively. Furthermore, we found that the amount of the glutaminolytic end product α-ketoglutarate (α-KG) was increased in myofibroblasts. Similar to glutaminolysis, α-KG activated mTOR complex 1 and promoted the expression of collagens but not of fibronectin, elastin, or smooth muscle actin-α. α-KG also remarkably inhibited collagen degradation in fibroblasts. Taken together, our studies identified a previously unrecognized mechanism by which a major metabolic program regulates the exuberant production of collagens in myofibroblasts and suggest that glutaminolysis is a novel therapeutic target for treating organ fibrosis, including idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.