gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
More than true: Developmental changes in use of the inductive strength for selective trust. (2015)

When learning from others, it is important to take a critical stance—evaluating both the informants themselves as well as the content of their claims. In addition to accuracy, one can evaluate claims based on quality. The current study investigates developmental change in learners’ evaluations of evidence that varies in quality—inductive strength based on typicality or diversity. We found that while younger children track which informant provides which examples, they do not have clear preferences for the informant who provides stronger examples. Older children, on the other hand, are in the middle of a developmental transition. They rate informants who provide inductively strong examples as more trustworthy, but only reliably choose the informant who provides diverse examples.
Light scatter detection within the sheath flow cuvette for size determination of multicomponent submicrometer particle suspensions (1987)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTLight scatter detection within the sheath flow cuvette for size determination of multicomponent submicrometer particle suspensionsFahimeh. Zarrin, Jon A. Risfelt, and Norman J. DovichiCite this: Anal. Chem. 1987, 59, 6, 850–854Publication Date (Print):March 15, 1987Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 15 March 1987https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac00133a014https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00133a014research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views204Altmetric-Citations15LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A Robust BPCS-Steganography against the Visual Attack (2006)

This paper discusses a visual attack to BPCS-Steganography (Bit-Plane Complexity Segmentation-Steganography) and presents a countermeasure. BPCS categorizes each small block within cover images into either a "noise-like region" or an "informative region" by means of the binary-image feature called complexity and replaces noisy blocks with the binary patterns mapped from the bit sequences of secret data. The binary patterns must be complex because it is replacing complex regions. If the binary patterns to be inserted are simple, then the logical operation called conjugate operation is applied that transforms a simple pattern to a complex pattern. We need to keep, for each block, the flag called a conjugation flag representing whether or not conjugation had been applied to correctly extract the embedded information. In the case where the conjugation flags must be embedded within cover images, we are unable to use the complexity thresholding for the embedding of the flags. Thus the flags must be embedded into a fixed area. To this effect it is easy to recognize unnatural patterns on the LSB plane of stego-images. It can be used as a signature or a distinguishing mark between natural images and images with information embedded by BPCS. We propose secure BPCS which is robust against the visual attack. It is realized by assigning the meaning of the conjugation flag to a pixel of each block and making the specific rule to embed and extract it
Viability of Clathrin Heavy-Chain-Deficient Saccharomyces cerevisiae Is Compromised by Mutations at Numerous Loci: Implications for the Suppression Hypothesis (1991)

The gene encoding clathrin heavy chain in Saccharomyces cerevisiae (CHC1) is not essential for growth in most laboratory strains tested. However, in certain genetic backgrounds, a deletion of CHC1 (chc1) results in cell death. Lethality in these chc1 strains is determined by a locus designated SCD1 (suppressor of clathrin deficiency) which is unlinked to CHC1 (S. K. Lemmon and E. W. Jones, Science 238:504-509, 1987). The lethal allele of SCD1 has no effect on cell growth when the wild-type version of CHC1 is present. This result led to the proposal that most yeast strains are viable in the absence of clathrin heavy chain because they possess the SCD1 suppressor. Discovery of another yeast strain that cannot grow without clathrin heavy chain has allowed us to perform a genetic test of the suppressor hypothesis. Genetic crosses show that clathrin-deficient lethality in the latter strain is conferred by a single genetic locus (termed CDL1, for clathrin-deficient lethality). By constructing strains in which CHC1 expression is regulated by the GAL10 promoter, we demonstrate that the lethal alleles of SCD1 and CDL1 are recessive. In both cases, very low expression of CHC1 can allow cells to escape from lethality. Genetic complementation and segregation analyses indicate that CDL1 and SCD1 are distinct genes. The lethal CDL1 allele does not cause a defect in the secretory pathway of either wild-type or clathrin heavy-chain-deficient yeast. A systematic screen to identify mutants unable to grow in the absence of clathrin heavy chain uncovered numerous genes similar to SCD1 and CDL1. These findings argue against the idea that viability of chc1 cells is due to genetic suppression, since this hypothesis would require the existence of a large number of unlinked genes, all of which are required for suppression. Instead, lethality appears to be a common, nonspecific occurrence when a second-site mutation arises in a strain whose cell growth is already severely compromised by the lack of clathrin heavy chain.
Online stator fault diagnosis in inductionmotors (2001)

This paper presents a noninvasive and online method for detection of stator winding faults in three-phase induction motors from observation of negative sequence supply current. A power decomposition technique (PDT) has been used to derive positive and negative sequence components of measured voltages and currents. A fault detection algorithm has been developed to characterise the effects of supply imbalance and nonlinear motor effects (motor iron saturation, winding imbalance, rotor static eccentricity), which also generate negative sequence current. The effects of motor heating and variation in negative sequence resistance with slip change are minimised by using only motor negative sequence reactance to calculate supply negative sequence current. Change in the motor negative sequence impedance under supply imbalance due to load variation (mainly because of closed rotor slots effect) has been included. Experimental results on several motors show that negative sequence impedance can vary between 10% to 50%. Semiempirical formulas based on theoretical and experimental results have been proposed to eliminate the effects of supply imbalance, load, and voltage variation. Compensation for this negative sequence current before making the fault decision enables a high fault sensitivity to be achieved.
Cross-lingual speech recognition under runtime resource constraints (2009)

This paper proposes and compares four cross-lingual and bilingual automatic speech recognition techniques under the constraint that only the acoustic model (AM) of the native language is used at runtime. The first three techniques fall into the category of lexicon conversion where each phoneme sequence (PHS) in the foreign language (FL) lexicon is mapped into the native language (NL) phoneme sequence. The first technique determines the PHS mapping through the international phonetic alphabet (IPA) features; The second and third techniques are data-driven. They determine the mapping by converting the PHS into corresponding context-independent and context-dependent hidden Markov models (HMMs) respectively and searching for the NL PHS with the least Kullback-Leibler divergence (KLD) between the HMMs. The fourth technique falls into the category of AM merging where the FL's AM is merged into the NL's AM by mapping each senone in the FL's AM to the senone in the NL's AM with the minimum KLD. We discuss the strengths and limitations of each technique developed, report empirical evaluation results on recognizing English utterances with a Korean recognizer, and demonstrate the high correlation between the average KLD and the word error rate (WER). The results show that the AM merging technique performs the best, achieving 60% relative WER reduction over the IPA-based technique.
ChemInform Abstract: Convenient Synthesis and Ring Contraction via Thermolysis of 1,3‐Dichloro‐1,3,2,4,6‐dithiatriazines. (1989)

Abstract The cyano compounds (II) undergo cyclocondensation reaction with the trichlorotrithiatriazine (I) to form the dichlorodithiatriazines (III).
Asphaltene Determinator Method for Automated On-Column Precipitation and Redissolution of Pericondensed Aromatic Asphaltene Components† (2010)

The new on-column precipitation and redissolution separation technique developed at Western Research Institute (WRI) uses a continuous flow system to precipitate and redissolve various chemical species from oil. Although high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) equipment is used, the separation does not involve chromatographic adsorption mechanisms. Separations are conducted using a ground polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE)-packed column, and they are strictly solubility-based. The asphaltene determinator method based on the new technique involves precipitation of asphaltene components from residua on the column using a heptane mobile phase. The precipitated material is redissolved at 30 °C in three steps using solvents of increasing solubility parameter: cyclohexane, toluene, and methylene chloride/methanol (98:2, v/v). This method has been optimized with rigorous daily quality control (QC) checks, and it is now in routine use. Several new applications for the method were demonstrated. These include monitoring pyrolysis severity during cracking reactions, determining total pericondensed aromatic (TPA) content, and providing profiles of the solubility distributions of the pericondensed aromatic components, including a new detailed characterization approach for asphaltene component molecules.
Supplementary Tables 1-5 from Cancer Stem Cells Are Enriched in the Side Population Cells in a Mouse Model of Glioma (2023)

Supplementary Tables 1-5 from Cancer Stem Cells Are Enriched in the Side Population Cells in a Mouse Model of Glioma
Impact of Oxygenated Gasoline Use on California Light-Duty Vehicle Emissions (1996)

Light-duty vehicle emissions were measured at the Caldecott Tunnel in August and October 1994. In the interval between these two periods, the average oxygen content of gasoline sold in the San Francisco Bay area increased from 0.3 to 2.0% by weight. Compared to the August (low-oxygenate) sampling period, measured pollutant emission rates during the October (high-oxygenate) sampling period for CO and VOC decreased by 21 ± 7 and 18 ± 10%, respectively, while NOx emissions showed no significant change. Formaldehyde emissions increased by 13 ± 6%, acetaldehyde emissions did not change significantly, and benzene emissions decreased by 25 ± 17%. Speciated VOC emission profiles show that the use of oxygenated gasoline resulted in higher MTBE and lower aromatic hydrocarbon emissions, higher isobutene, and lower aromatic aldehydes. The normalized reactivity of NMOG emissions did not change significantly between the low-oxygenate and high-oxygenate sampling periods. VOC exhaust speciation profiles for vehicles operating in the hot-stabilized mode at the Caldecott Tunnel match the speciation profile for cold-start emissions from new vehicles as measured in the Auto/Oil program. California's motor vehicle emission factor model, EMFAC7F, accurately predicts the VOC/NOx ratio measured at the Caldecott Tunnel in August, but underpredicts the observed CO/NOx ratio by a factor of 1.5−2.2 over the range of vehicle speeds observed at the tunnel.
Pathogenesis of Chytridiomycosis, a Cause of Catastrophic Amphibian Declines (2009)

The pathogen Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd), which causes the skin disease chytridiomycosis, is one of the few highly virulent fungi in vertebrates and has been implicated in worldwide amphibian declines. However, the mechanism by which Bd causes death has not been determined. We show that Bd infection is associated with pathophysiological changes that lead to mortality in green tree frogs (Litoria caerulea). In diseased individuals, electrolyte transport across the epidermis was inhibited by >50%, plasma sodium and potassium concentrations were respectively reduced by approximately 20% and approximately 50%, and asystolic cardiac arrest resulted in death. Because the skin is critical in maintaining amphibian homeostasis, disruption to cutaneous function may be the mechanism by which Bd produces morbidity and mortality across a wide range of phylogenetically distant amphibian taxa.
Analysis of the optical memory and transducer requirements for the OMFIC system applied to guided projectiles (1978)

The Optical Matched Filter Image Correlator (OMFIC) can identify targets and their number, and provide information about their bearing, positional coordinates, range interval, and velocity. Thus, it provides a new concept for the missile or projectile guidance application. The optical memory size and real time transducer update requirements are two of the most important aspects of the OMFIC system when used for guiding a projectile. An analysis of these factors shows that the memory bank requirements are manageable and within current technology capabilities. In order to cover the range from acquisition (1.5 km) to approximately 50 meters from impact only 397 memory positions are required for highly discriminating matched filters. The transducer update rate can be set at television frame rates for guidance to 50 meters from impact at approximately M sub f = 0.5. Other aspects of the OMFIC memory bank and transducer requirements for missile/projectile guidance are developed in the report.
Static index pruning for information retrieval systems (2001)

We introduce static index pruning methods that significantly reduce the index size in information retrieval systems.We investigate uniform and term-based methods that each remove selected entries from the index and yet have only a minor effect on retrieval results. In uniform pruning, there is a fixed cutoff threshold, and all index entries whose contribution to relevance scores is bounded above by a given threshold are removed from the index. In term-based pruning, the cutoff threshold is determined for each term, and thus may vary from term to term. We give experimental evidence that for each level of compression, term-based pruning outperforms uniform pruning, under various measures of precision. We present theoretical and experimental evidence that under our term-based pruning scheme, it is possible to prune the index greatly and still get retrieval results that are almost as good as those based on the full index.
Optimal second-order small-signal model for long- and short-channel three-terminal MOSFET/MODFET wave equation (1992)

An optimal second-order small-signal model is developed for the long-channel three-terminal MOSFET/MODFET wave equation. The resulting Y parameters admit the correct fourth-order frequency power series expansion and exhibit a graceful degradation at high frequencies compared to a previously reported second-order model. This model can be integrated in the velocity-saturated MOSFET/MODFET equivalent circuit and is demonstrated to greatly improve the frequency range of validity of this short-channel model. The excellent results obtained demonstrate the validity of both the equivalent-circuit synthesis procedure and the correctness of the equivalent circuit proposed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Epidemiologic Distribution of the Arginine Catabolic Mobile Element among Selected Methicillin-Resistant and Methicillin-Susceptible Staphylococcus aureus Isolates (2007)

We tested 214 Staphylococcus aureus isolates for the arcA locus of the arginine catabolic mobile element (ACME). All USA300 SCCmec IVa isolates, but no isolates containing other SCCmec subtypes, were arcA positive. arcA was also detected in selected methicillin-susceptible USA300 and methicillin-resistant USA100 isolates. DNA sequence analysis confirmed the integration of ACME in orfX.
INTERVERTEBRAL DISC DEGENERATION (2006)

Andersson, Gunnar B.J. MD, PhD1; An, Howard S. MD1; Oegema, Theodore R. Jr. PhD1; Setton, Lori A. PhD2 Author Information
Short-Term Adjusted Outcomes for Heart Failure (2015)

Age, gender, APR-DRG ROD and some Elixhauser comorbidities are predictive factors of outcomes; only the APR-DRG showed an acceptable ability to predict hospital mortality while none of them was satisfactory in predicting the readmissions within 30 days.
Asymmetric Synthesis of Highly Substituted β-Nitro Alcohols and Enantiomerically Enriched 4,4,5-Trisubstituted Oxazolidinones (2003)

It is demonstrated that alpha,alpha-disubstituted-alpha-nitroketones are reduced to the corresponding trisubstituted nitro alcohols in good to excellent yield and enantiomeric excess by borane-dimethyl sulfide in the presence of a chiral oxazaborolidine catalyst. Reduction of the nitro alcohols to the corresponding amino alcohols and their subsequent conversion to enantiomerically enriched 4,4,5-trisubstituted oxazoldinones is also reported.
Drag-Bit Performance Modeling (1989)

Summary Models for the forces required to remove a fixed volume of rock with a single cutter have been applied to different polycrystalline-diamond-compact (PDC) bit designs. The integration of the forces for each cutter over the bit face gives the torque and weight on bit (WOB) required for a particular rate of penetration (ROP). This paper presents the results of comparing such a model to laboratory drilling tests for four radically different bit designs in four different rocks. The geometry of each cutter on the bit was determined by detailed measurements of the bit with a three-axis coordinate measuring machine. Drilling tests were conducted by "reaming" rock with an 8½-in. [21.6-cm] bit that was previously drilled with a 6¼-in. [15.9-cm] bit. Only the peripheral cutters engaged the rock during reaming. Additional tests were conducted in which the WOB and torque were recorded during drilling of a pilot hole into the top of a flat rock and during drilling through two different bed boundaries with constant ROP. The model predictions compared well to the measured data for both the reaming and pilot-hole tests.
A Caspase-9 Variant Missing the Catalytic Site Is an Endogenous Inhibitor of Apoptosis (1999)

It is likely that endogenous inhibitors of the apical caspases such as caspase-9 exist to prevent undesirable activation of caspase cascades. A naturally occurring variant of caspase-9 named caspase-9S was cloned from human liver. Caspase-9S is missing most of the large subunit of caspase-9, including the catalytic site, but has the intact prodomain and small subunit. Caspase-9S did not show apoptotic activity in transfection analysis. Overexpression of caspase-9S inhibited apoptosis induced by caspase-9, indicating that caspase-9S is an endogenous dominant-negative of caspase-9. Moreover, caspase-9S inhibited apoptosis induced by tumor necrosis factor(TNF)-alpha, TNF factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL), Bax, or Fas-associated death domain-containing protein (FADD) as well as the combination of Apaf-1 and caspase-9. In vitro binding assays demonstrated that caspase-9S binds to Apaf-1 and blocks the binding of caspase-9 to Apaf-1. Coexpression of caspase-9 and caspase-9S mRNA was identified in various cell lines. Thus, caspase-9S acts as a dominant-negative inhibitor of caspase-9 activation, at least in part, by blocking Apaf-1-caspase-9 interaction.
An adaptive chaotic neural network (2003)

The non-linear dynamics of a chaotic attractor offer a number of useful features to the developer of neuromorphic systems. Included in these is the ability for efficient memory storage and recall. A chaotic attractor has a potentially infinite number of unstable periodic orbits (UPO) embedded within it. These orbits can be stabilised with the application of delayed feedback inhibition. This research investigates the possibility of using such delayed feedback in a network to stabilise different UPOs in response to disparate input stimuli. A key feature of the models presented is that the UPOs, which correspond to dynamic memory states, emerge from the dynamics of the attractor. The paper presents two learning rules which support the network dynamics from which the memory states emerge.
Étude de la pyrolyse du monosilane entre 480 et 580°C (1974)

L’étude de la pyrolyse du silane en régime dynamique entre 480 et 580°C a été entreprise de façon à permettre le calcul des constantes cinétiques de la réaction. Les auteurs distinguent les phénomènes initiaux et ceux obtenus après la période d’induction, où apparaissent en fonction de la température deux domaines, 480-540°C et 540-580°C, caractérisés chacun par des valeurs différentes des ordres et des énergies d’activation de la décomposition du silane et de la formation des produits gazeux, hydrogène et disilane. Des mécanismes réactionnels sont proposés et discutés pour chacun de ces domaines.
Early signs of autism in the first year of life (2018)

Identification of autism has become a &quot;best practice&quot;, since it helps families gather information about their child's disorder and begin treatment. In fact, several intervention studies have demonstrated significant gains in social and cognitive functioning for young children with autism participating in intervention programmes. Differently high rates in social and non-social attention could reduce in regressive cases the emerging signs of autism and may mask the deviations. Although described by L. Kanner in 1943 as an inborn disorder of affective contact, information on autism in infants and very young children is limited. The retrospective analyses of home movies provide a potential research resource. They can be considered the only instrument available to study the course of onset and development of autism of life before diagnosis. All children in the autism group were recruited among those referred from multiple community sources to a suburban public academic hospital providing care to patients of all socioeconomic levels.
Fatigue Life Improvement of Arrestment Hook Shanks by Application of Laser Peening. (2021)

Abstract not provided.