gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Physiological responses ofCladophora glomeratato cyanotoxins: a potential new phytoremediation species for the Green Liver Systems (2015)

Due to increased pollution of potable water sources as a consequence of eutrophication and anthropogenic xenobiotics, sustainable water purification is an essential concern. Therefore, the Green Liver System, a natural, economic and sustainable water purification system employing the biotransformation capabilities of aquatic plants, was developed. To expand the capacities and applications of this system, new aquatic plants are continually evaluated for their potential to remediate various aquatic pollutants. In this study, the potential of Cladophora glomerata to internalize cyanotoxins, microcystins (MCs) and anatoxin-a, and consequently its ability to cope with the subsequent oxidative stress associated with toxin-uptake were investigated. C. glomerata was able to take up all three of the tested MC congeners as well as anatoxin-a, similarly to previous toxin internalizations reported for aquatic plants such as Ceratophyllum demersum, Myriophyllum spicatum and Hydrilla versiculata. The antioxidative stress defense of C. glomerata proved to efficiently endure the toxin-uptake with no adverse effects. Subsequently, the uptake potential of C. glomerata was investigated at lab-scale by exposure to the three MC congeners and anatoxin-a collectively. After a period of seven days, 95–97% of the MCs and 100% of anatoxin-a were removed from the exposure media. C. glomerata therefore, is a suitable candidate to be incorporated in future Green Liver Systems.
The End of Galaxy Surveys (2020)

Abstract For nearly a century, imaging and spectroscopic surveys of galaxies have given us information about the contents of the universe. We attempt to define the logical end point of such surveys by defining not the next galaxy survey but rather the final galaxy survey at near-infrared wavelengths; this would be the galaxy survey that exhausts the information content useful for addressing extant questions. Such a survey would require incredible advances in a number of technologies, and the survey details will depend on the as yet poorly constrained properties of the earliest galaxies. Using an exposure time calculator, we define nominal surveys for extracting the useful information for three science cases: dark energy cosmology, galaxy evolution, and supernovae (SN). We define scaling relations that trade off sky background, telescope aperture, and focal plane size to allow for a survey of a given depth over a given area. For optimistic assumptions, a 280 m telescope with a marginally resolved focal plane of 20 deg 2 operating at L2 could potentially exhaust the cosmological information content of galaxies in a 10 yr survey. For galaxy evolution (making use of gravitational lensing to magnify the earliest galaxies) and SN, the same telescope would suffice. We discuss the technological advances needed to complete the last galaxy survey. While the final galaxy survey remains well outside of our technical reach today, we present scaling relations that show how we can progress toward the goal of exhausting the information content encoded in the shapes, positions, and colors of galaxies.
Determining optical flow (1994)

Optical flow cannot be computed locally, since only one independent measurement is available from the image sequence at a point, while the flow velocity has two components. A second constraint is needed. A method for finding the optical flow pattern is presented which assumes that the apparent velocity of the brightness pattern varies smoothly almost everywhere in the image. An iterative implementation is shown which successfully computes the optical flow for a number of synthetic image sequences. The algorithm is robust in that it can handle image sequences that are quantified rather coarsely in space and time. It is also insensitive to quantization of brightness levels and additive noise. Examples are included where the assumption of smoothness is violated at singular points or along lines in the image.
Performance of New Muchamiel Tomato Lines with Virus Resistance Genes Grafted onto Two Commercial Rootstocks (2022)

Tomato landraces are regaining interest in Spain because their great fruit quality and value in popular gastronomy. Muchamiel is a traditional tomato variety grown in SE Spain that has been recently improved by the CIAGRO-UMH Tomato Breeding Group, resulting in several lines and hybrids with genetic resistances to virus and most of the original Muchamiel genome. In the current study, two hybrids and one pure line from CIAGRO-UMH and a commercial Muchamiel were grown under conventional conditions to evaluate three different grafting treatments: non-grafting and grafting onto the commercial Beaufort and Maxifort rootstocks. The yield parameters and fruit quality were assessed, and a sensory analysis was performed to evaluate the behavior of every scion/rootstock combination. Overall, significantly worse yield and fruit number in Maxifort-grafted plants were reported; as well as a slight reductions in SSC, fructose, and sucrose; and significant effects on few sensory traits. Instead, Beaufort-grafted plants showed no reduced yield, whereas no differences were reported between grafting treatments in fruit weight, TA, and acid profile, as well as in most of flavor and texture sensory parameters. These results suggest that Muchamiel/Beaufort combination could be suitable under unfavorable conditions, while Maxifort do not seem to provide agronomic nor quality benefits.
Cellulose derivative‐solvent interaction (1957)

Abstract Osmotic pressure, initial phase separation, and viscosity results are presented for dilute solutions of cellulose nitrate, cellulose acetate, and ethyl cellulose, using polymers of similar molecular weight and degree of substitution. A fairly wide range of solvents has been used in each case. Osmotic pressure results suggest molecular dispersion of polymer in most solvents but there is evidence for association of ethyl cellulose in aromatic hydrocarbons. Values of the Huggins μ are obtained and, for systems involving cellulose nitrate and ethyl cellulose in homologous series of ketones and acetates, seem to fall to a minimum and then increase on ascent of each series. It is suggested that the heat term in μ should include an exothermic contribution arising from solvation in addition to an endothermic contribution resulting from mixing of solvated polymer and solvent. It is tentatively suggested that, in a homologous series of solvents, the entropy and exothermic contributions may not vary much and that the variation of μ may arise from varying endothermic contributions. The volumes of hexane required to cause initial phase separation of the nitrate and acetate from solution increase with solvent power, as estimated from μ, but with ethyl cellulose the volumes tend to decrease. It is suggested that solvated polymer may separate from solutions involving polar solvents and, making certain assumptions, estimates are made of the solubility parameters of the polymers separating. Those for cellulose nitrate vary markedly with solvent. The variation of solubility parameter with solvent is less with cellulose acetate and ethyl cellulose but in the latter case values for polymer separating from polar solvents are less than from nonpolar. Comparison of these estimated solubility parameters with those of the solvents and hexane suggests that the volumes of hexane required to cause initial phase separation will only serve as measures of solvent power if the solubility parameters of solvents and precipitant all lie on the same side of that of the polymer separating. This seems to be so for cellulose acetate and possibly the nitrate but not for ethyl cellulose. Comparison of viscosity parameters and values of μ suggests that in certain cases both [η] and the initial slope of the plot of η sp / c against c increase with solvent power. Other suggested viscosity measures of solvent power do not seem to be generally applicable. Some variation of chain configuration with solvent seems probable. Solvation, solvent type and association of polymer may also affect the viscosities of dilute solutions of cellulose derivatives.
Multiple coal seams project. [USA - Alabama] (1993)

The 'methane from multiple coal seams completion project' is a joint research and development effort of the Gas Research Institute and Taurus Exploration Inc. in the Black Warrior Basin West of Birmingham, Alabama. The project, initiated in 1983, aims to develop technology for more cost-effective production of methane from shallow multiple coal seams using single vertical wellbores. Multiples seams within the same coal group sometimes are effectively stimulated by perforating only one seam for hydraulic treatment. Because of the limited application of this technology, a field experiment was conducted on a well at Rock Creek to better define the succes of this completion technique. An innovative testing procedure was developed which demonstrated that at least seven of the eight seams in the Black Creek coal group were accessed by only stimulating the lowermost (H) seam. This article discusses the use of multiple bridge plugs, pressure-memory tools, and sequential breakdown and pressure testing of multiple zones to verify effective fracture height in a cased well. Substantiating data from other methods are included, as well as a discussion of the potential benefits of using restricted access. 2 refs., 6 figs.
TOXIC EFFECTS OF ETHYLENE OXIDE RESIDUES ON CORNEAS FROM RESTERILIZED STORAGE CHAMBERS (1993)

Sweet, Edward M.D.; Olson, Randall J. M.D.; Lundergan, Maureen K. M.D.; Mammalis, Nick M.D.; Tagge, Bryan Author Information
Determination of Surface Intrinsic Resilience against Bubble Coverage Using Localized Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy Time Domain Information (2023)

Bubble coverage on electrode surfaces presents challenges for the wide application of water electrolysis technology. Earlier experimental studies on superaerophobic electrode surfaces indicated that surface roughness of microscale morphologies can greatly increase the surface’s resilience against bubble coverage at high current densities. Localized electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (LEIS) is used in this paper to assess this surface conductance under bubbles. The local impedance of the bubble-shielded area and the contour around the bubble were investigated on polished nickel and dynamic hydrogen bubble templating (DHBT) nickel surfaces with different porosities and pore distributions. This study demonstrated that porosity could reduce the resistivity caused by bubble coverage, and an evenly distributed porous surface is more resilient to bubble coverage.
Application of Time‐Temperature Indicators in Monitoring Changes in Quality Attributes of Perishable and Semiperishable Foods (1988)

ABSTRACT The response of full‐history time‐temperature indicators attached to different packages containing five perishable and semiperishable foods (tomatoes, naked and wrapped lettuce, canned fruitcake, and UHT sterilized milk) was studied. The products were stored at constant and variable temperature treatments simulating commercial storage and handling practices. Changes in specific quality attributes were periodically evaluated by means of sensory analysis, and the monitored attributes were correlated with indicator response. Statistical analysis showed significant correlations (p &lt; 0.05) between the indicators studied and quality changes in tomatoes and UHT sterilized milk.
Combined Hip Arthroscopy and Limited Open Osteochondroplasty for Anterior Femoroacetabular Impingement (2010)

Early results indicate that combined hip arthroscopy and limited open osteochondroplasty of the femoral head-neck junction is a safe and effective treatment for femoroacetabular impingement. In our small series, most patients had symptomatic relief, improved hip function, and enhanced activity after two years of follow-up.
Influence of the Multiflora-Grandiflora Genotypes of Petunia on Seed Germination, Seedling Growth, and Elemental Foliar Composition1 (1975)

Abstract Three sets of Petunia hybrida Vilm. lines were used with each set comprised of the 3 genotypes, multiflora ( gg ), grandiflora ( GG ), and heterozygote ( Gg ). Seed germination was consistently high for the hybrid Gg (92%), intermediate for gg (77%) and low for GG (45%). The fresh and dry wt of 28-day-old seedlings was inconsistent but the Gg hybrid was the most vigorous at 49 days followed by the gg and GG genotypes. No differences were observed in N, P, K, Na, Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn, or Al in vegetative leaves of the 3 genotypes. Differences in Ca, Mg, and B occurred, but they were not uniform with respect to genotype or to genotypes within a set. Calcium and Mg were generally highest in gg and lowest in GG . Boron in 1 of 2 experiments showed the same pattern. The physiological roles of the observed differences in elemental composition with respect to chlorophyll composition, sugar metabolism, and vigor as indicated by an increase in fresh and dry wt, in the 3 genotypes are discussed.
Massive hepatic apoptosis associated with TGF-β1 activation after Fas ligand treatment of IGF binding protein-1–deficient mice (2003)

Acute liver failure caused by viral hepatitis or toxic damage involves both apoptotic and necrotic pathways. IGF binding protein-1 (IGFBP-1), a hepatocyte-derived secreted protein, is required for normal liver regeneration. To determine whether IGFBP-1 could prevent liver injury that entails direct stimulation of hepatocyte apoptosis, IGFBP-1(-/-) mice, IGFBP-1(+/+) mice, and mice pretreated with Ab's against IGFBP-1 were treated with a normally sublethal dose of Fas agonist. IGFBP-1 deficiency was associated with massive hepatocyte apoptosis and caspase activation within 3 hours of Fas agonist treatment, which could be corrected by pretreatment with IGFBP-1. IGFBP-1-deficient livers had enhanced signaling via the integrin receptor at early times (0.5 to 1 hour) after Fas agonist treatment accompanied by elevated activated matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), a known target of fibronectin signaling and activator of TGF-beta. Within 3 hours of Fas agonist treatment, elevated expression of active TGF-beta1, a hepatocyte apoptogen, was observed in IGFBP-1-deficient livers that correlated with the appearance of the apoptotic process. Both MMP-9 and TGF-beta1 expression were suppressed by IGFBP-1 treatment, supporting their role in the apoptotic process. IGFBP-1(-/-) mice also displayed increased injury in a toxic hepatic injury model caused by CCl(4). These findings indicate that IGFBP-1 functions as a critical hepatic survival factor in the liver by reducing the level of proapoptotic signals.
Molecular Recognition in the Activation of Human Blood Coagulation Factor X (1989)

Factor X can be activated by the extrinsic activation complex (factor VIIa:tissue factor), the intrinsic activation complex (factor IXa:factor VIIIa) and by an enzyme from Russell's viper venom (RVV-X). To identify the regions on the surface of factor X that mediate its association with these three activators, we have prepared 21 synthetic peptides representing 65% of the primary structure of factor X. Only 3 of the 21 peptides inhibited the rate of factor X activation, indicating the regions represented by these three peptides are involved in factor X association. Using purified components, the rate of factor Xa formation was inhibited in a dose-dependent manner by these three peptides with the same relative potency of inhibition in each of the activation systems. The observed relative potencies were: peptide 267-283 greater than or equal to peptide 284-303 greater than peptide 417-431. Kinetic analyses indicated that the three peptides inhibited factor X activation in a non-competitive manner, and in mixed inhibitor assays the peptides were shown to be mutually exclusive of one another. In coagulation-based assays, the potency of inhibition by each peptide was decreased. However, in Russell's viper venom-X-initiated assays peptide 417-431 was the best inhibitor. Fab fragments of antibodies raised to these peptides and affinity purified on factor X-agarose columns inhibited both the purified and coagulation-based assays in a dose-dependent manner. Using the x-ray crystal structure of chymotrypsinogen as a model, these three peptides were found to be located spatially close to one another on the surface of factor X and opposite to the region where factor X is cleaved for activation. These data are consistent with a model in which the three activators combine with factor X through a recognition site composed of multiple loci that is distal to the potential cleavage site. This interaction aligns the active sites of these three enzymes in the correct orientation to cleave factor X at the same arginyl-isoleucyl bond.
Neuropsychiatric events at the time of diagnosis of systemic lupus erythematosus: An international inception cohort study (2006)

Twenty-eight percent of SLE patients experienced at least 1 NP event around the time of diagnosis of SLE, of which only a minority were attributed to SLE. Regardless of attribution, the occurrence of NP events was associated with reduced quality of life and increased organ damage.
Sampling-Based Motion and Symbolic Action Planning with geometric and differential constraints (2010)

To compute collision-free and dynamically-feasibile trajectories that satisfy high-level specifications given in a planning-domain definition language, this paper proposes to combine sampling-based motion planning with symbolic action planning. The proposed approach, Sampling-based Motion and Symbolic Action Planner (SMAP), leverages from sampling-based motion planning the underlying idea of searching for a solution trajectory by selectively sampling and exploring the continuous space of collision-free and dynamically-feasible motions. Drawing from AI, SMAP uses symbolic action planning to identify actions and regions of the continuous space that sampling-based motion planning can further explore to significantly advance the search. The planning layers interact with each-other through estimates on the utility of each action, which are computed based on information gathered during the search. Simulation experiments with dynamical models of vehicles carrying out tasks given by high-level STRIPS specifications provide promising initial validation, showing that SMAP efficiently solves challenging problems.
A Highly Concentrated Catholyte Enabled by a Low-Melting-Point Ferrocene Derivative (2017)

Nonaqueous redox flow batteries (NRFBs) exhibit a wide potential window (>3.0 V) but have been limited by the low solubility of the active materials. Here, we propose and demonstrate a high-energy-density nonaqueous redox flow battery based on a low-melting-point (37–40 °C) ferrocene derivative, 1,1-dimethylferrocene (DMFc), operated at its liquid state. The liquid redox-active DMFc not only contributes to high capacity but also acts as a solvating medium to the ion-conducting salts. Taking advantage of DMFc’s high concentration (3 M), superior stability, and fast kinetics, the lithium/DMFc battery achieves a high volumetric density (∼68 Ah L–1catholyte) with a high Coulombic efficiency (>95%) and high cycling stability. Our work demonstrates that exploiting a low-melting-point redox-active species at its melting state is a promising direction for developing high-energy-density NRFBs for next-generation energy storage technologies.
Effects of Injury Severity on Regional and Temporal mRNA Expression Levels of Calpains and Caspases after Traumatic Brain Injury in Rats (2004)

Despite a preponderance of studies demonstrating gene expression and/or enzymatic activation of calpain and caspase proteases after traumatic brain injury (TBI), no studies have examined the effects of injury magnitude on expression levels of these cell death effectors after TBI. Determination of the degree to which injury severity affects specific expression profiles is critical to understanding the relevant pathways contributing to post-trauma pathology and for developing targeted therapeutics. This investigation tested the hypothesis that different injury magnitudes (1.0, 1.2, and 1.6 mm) cause alterations in the regional and temporal patterns of mRNA expression of calpain-related (calpain-1 and -2, calpastatin) and caspase-related (caspases -3, -8, -9, BID) gene products after cortical impact in rats. Quantitative RT-PCR was used to compare effects of injury severity on mRNA levels in ipsilateral (injured) cortex and hippocampus, 6 h to 5 days post-injury. TBI caused increases in mRNA expression of all proteins examined, with the highest expression detected in the cortex. Generally, injury magnitude and levels of gene expression were positively correlated. High levels of gene induction were observed with BID, caspase-3, and -8, while caspase-9 mRNA had the lowest level of induction. Interestingly, although calpains are activated within minutes of TBI, calpain mRNA expression was highest 72 h to 5 days post-TBI. This study is the first analysis of the regional and temporal expression of calpains and caspases after TBI. These data provide insight into the inter-relationship of these two protease families and on the distinct but overlapping cascades of cell death after TBI.
Universal kinetics in reaction-limited aggregation (1987)

Reaction-limited cluster aggregation is modeled with the kinetic rate (Smoluchowski) equations, using a kernel determined intrinsically by the clusters fractal geometry. The kernel scales with cluster mass as ${\mathrm{M}}_{1}$${\mathrm{M}}_{2}^{\ensuremath{\lambda}\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}1}$ (${\mathrm{M}}_{1}$\ensuremath{\gg}${\mathrm{M}}_{2}$), and ${\mathrm{M}}_{1}^{\ensuremath{\lambda}}$ (${\mathrm{M}}_{1}$\ensuremath{\approxeq}${\mathrm{M}}_{2}$), with \ensuremath{\lambda}=1 in three dimensions, resulting in exponential kinetics and a cluster mass distribution ${\mathrm{C}}_{\mathrm{M}}$\ensuremath{\sim}${\mathrm{M}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}\mathrm{\ensuremath{\tau}}}$, with \ensuremath{\tau}=(3/2), in excellent accord with experiments. The singular nature of this solution forces the adjustment of the cluster fractal dimension, ${\mathrm{d}}_{\mathrm{f}}$, thereby determining its value.
Synthesis of 7-Hydrazinocephalosporins (1982)

Hydrazonation of 7-oxocephems a,!, followed by borane reduction of the resulting E and hydrazono compounds 2 , b and -4a,b,provided the key intermediates z , b , which were acylated to s , b and then deprotected to yield the 7-hydrazinocephalosporin derivatives 2 , b .
Structural compositions of tars from hydropyrolysis of coal. Effect of reaction severity (1988)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStructural compositions of tars from hydropyrolysis of coal. Effect of reaction severityJana M. Jacobson, Murray R. Gray, Allan K. Chambers, and Jacek ThielCite this: Energy Fuels 1988, 2, 3, 316–320Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1988Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1988https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ef00009a016https://doi.org/10.1021/ef00009a016research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views106Altmetric-Citations3LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts