gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The effect of cellular cholesterol on membrane-cytoskeleton adhesion (2007)

Whereas recent studies suggest that cholesterol plays important role in the regulation of membrane proteins, its effect on the interaction of the cell membrane with the underlying cytoskeleton is not well understood. Here, we investigated this by measuring the forces needed to extract nanotubes (tethers) from the plasma membrane, using atomic force microscopy. The magnitude of these forces provided a direct measure of cell stiffness, cell membrane effective surface viscosity and association with the underlying cytoskeleton. Furthermore, we measured the lateral diffusion constant of a lipid analog DiIC12, using fluorescence recovery after photobleaching, which offers additional information on the organization of the membrane. We found that cholesterol depletion significantly increased the adhesion energy between the membrane and the cytoskeleton and decreased the membrane diffusion constant. An increase in cellular cholesterol to a level higher than that in control cells led to a decrease in the adhesion energy and the membrane surface viscosity. Disassembly of the actin network abrogated all the observed effects, suggesting that cholesterol affects the mechanical properties of a cell through the underlying cytoskeleton. The results of these quantitative studies may help to better understand the biomechanical processes accompanying the development of atherosclerosis.
Natural event summarization (2011)

Event mining is a useful way to understand computer system behaviors. The focus of recent works on event mining has been shifted to event summarization from discovering frequent patterns. Event summarization seeks to provide a comprehensible explanation of the event sequence on certain aspects. Previous methods have several limitations such as ignoring temporal information, generating the same set of boundaries for all event patterns, and providing a summary which is difficult for human to understand. In this paper, we propose a novel framework called natural event summarization that summarizes an event sequence using inter-arrival histograms to capture the temporal relationship among events. Our framework uses the minimum description length principle to guide the process in order to balance between accuracy and brevity. Also, we use multi-resolution analysis for pruning the problem space. We demonstrate how the principles can be applied to generate summaries with periodic patterns and correlation patterns in the framework. Experimental results on synthetic and real data show our method is capable of producing usable event summary, robust to noises, and scalable.
Expression of Guanylin Is Downregulated in Mouse and Human Intestinal Adenomas (2000)

Guanylin is a pro-secretory hormone that is expressed in intestinal epithelia. Previously, we mapped the guanylin gene to mouse and human chromosomal regions containing multiple intestinal tumor-modifying loci. Here, we investigate whether guanylin expression is downregulated in precancerous human and mouse intestinal adenomas and whether diminished guanylin expression increases adenoma susceptibility in an animal model of intestinal cancer, the multiple intestinal neoplasia (Min) mouse. In situ hybridization analysis indicated diminished guanylin expression in both mouse and human adenomas. Northern analysis of mouse intestinal tissues showed strain-specific levels of guanylin expression but no correlation with the resistance or susceptibility of each strain to adenoma formation. Similarly, cDNA sequence analysis indicated no inactivating mutations or polymorphisms common to either the high or low adenoma-risk groups. Nonetheless, we have shown that significant loss of guanylin RNA in adenomas of mouse and human is a marker of intestinal epithelial cell transformation.
Feasibility Study on UV YAG Laser Patterning on Diamond Film (2007)

The laser ablation technique is one option for micro-machining and patterning of diamond film. A UV YAG laser with higher energy density can remove or destroy the diamond film more efficiently than the excimer laser. That is, the UV YAG laser not only provides faster etching rate on the diamond film, but also requires less processing and maintenance cost. In the current study, synthetic diamond films with grain size of 30 μm were deposited on silicon substrate by microwave plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (MPCVD) in the CH4/H2 mixture atmosphere. A pulsed UV YAG laser (λ = 355 nm, 10 kHz) was employed to machine and remove the diamond film. The diamond film surface was analyzed by SEM and Raman spectroscopy after the laser machining. The beam size of YAG laser was adjusted to between 0.1 mm and 1.5 mm by the trepan mechanism to approach the following defined scanning width. In order to shape a 4-inch diamond wafer into a microstructure, the scanning width of the UV YAG laser was defined to 0.1 mm, 0.75 mm and to 1.5 mm in several loops. The results show that the laser-polishing effect can be applied to the pretreatment of mechanical polishing of diamond wafer in the condition of 0.75 mm scanning width in 3 loops. From Raman spectrum, it could prove the mechanism of carbon burning reaction during the laser processing and the residual carbon existing in the laser-patterned area. The surface of diamond film is strongly affected by the laser processing and a better result from the parameter of 0.75 mm scanning width in 3 loops is shown in the current study.
Making a good egg: human oocyte health, aging, and in vitro development (2023)

Mammalian eggs (oocytes) are formed during fetal life and establish associations with somatic cells to form primordial follicles that create a store of germ cells (the primordial pool). The size of this pool is influenced by key events during the formation of germ cells and by factors that influence the subsequent activation of follicle growth. These regulatory pathways must ensure that the reserve of oocytes within primordial follicles in humans lasts for up to 50 years, yet only approximately 0.1% will ever be ovulated with the rest undergoing degeneration. This review outlines the mechanisms and regulatory pathways that govern the processes of oocyte and follicle formation and later growth, within the ovarian stroma, through to ovulation with particular reference to human oocytes/follicles. In addition, the effects of aging on female reproductive capacity through changes in oocyte number and quality are emphasized, with both the cellular mechanisms and clinical implications discussed. Finally, the details of current developments in culture systems that support all stages of follicle growth to generate mature oocytes in vitro and emerging prospects for making new oocytes from stem cells are outlined.
Per‐channel basis normalization methods for flow cytometry data (2009)

Between-sample variation in high-throughput flow cytometry data poses a significant challenge for analysis of large-scale data sets, such as those derived from multicenter clinical trials. It is often hard to match biologically relevant cell populations across samples because of technical variation in sample acquisition and instrumentation differences. Thus, normalization of data is a critical step before analysis, particularly in large-scale data sets from clinical trials, where group-specific differences may be subtle and patient-to-patient variation common. We have developed two normalization methods that remove technical between-sample variation by aligning prominent features (landmarks) in the raw data on a per-channel basis. These algorithms were tested on two independent flow cytometry data sets by comparing manually gated data, either individually for each sample or using static gating templates, before and after normalization. Our results show a marked improvement in the overlap between manual and static gating when the data are normalized, thereby facilitating the use of automated analyses on large flow cytometry data sets. Such automated analyses are essential for high-throughput flow cytometry.
Downregulation of Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Gene Transcription by Nitric Oxide (1998)

Nitric oxide (NO) plays an important role not only in the regulation of blood vessel tone, but also in the growth of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC). The precise mechanism involved in the inhibition of VSMC growth by NO is not known. To further explore the effect of NO on VSMC growth, we examined the effect of NO on the expression of angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1-R) that is important for hypertrophy and hyperplasia of VSMC. S-nitroso acetyl DL-penicillamine (SNAP; 200 micromol/L), a potent NO donor, suppressed expression level of AT1-R mRNA by 90% and AT1-R number by 60% after 24 hours of stimulation. The suppressive effect was dose-dependent. Actinomycin D, which is an inhibitor of gene transcription, did not affect the decrease of AT1-R mRNA by NO. Cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) analogue, 8 bromo-cGMP, did not affect AT1-R mRNA level. Deletion mutants of the promoter region of rat AT1a-R gene were fused to luciferase reporter gene and introduced to VSMC. Transfected cells were stimulated with SNAP, and luciferase activity was measured. Inhibitory effect of NO was still observed in the shortest deletion mutant that contained 61 bp upstream from transcription start site. In this DNA segment, two DNA binding protein were observed by gel mobility shift assay, and one of these binding proteins was decreased on stimulation by NO. NO downregulates AT1-R gene expression independently of cGMP. A DNA binding protein that binds to the proximal promoter region of AT1-R gene may be responsible for this inhibitory effect. The inhibition of AT1-R gene expression may be implicated in the anti-atherogenic property of NO.
Fixed-point algorithms for learning determinantal point processes (2015)

Determinantal point processes (DPPs) offer an elegant tool for encoding probabilities over subsets of a ground set. Discrete DPPs are parametrized by a positive semidefinite matrix (called the DPP kernel), and estimating this kernel is key to learning DPPs from observed data. We consider the task of learning the DPP kernel, and develop for it a surprisingly simple yet effective new algorithm. Our algorithm offers the following benefits over previous approaches: (a) it is much simpler; (b) it yields equally good and sometimes even better local maxima; and (c) it runs an order of magnitude faster on large problems. We present experimental results on both real and simulated data to illustrate the numerical performance of our technique.
Phase Characterization of Cold Sector Southern Ocean Cloud Tops: Results From SOCRATES (2020)

Abstract For a given cloud, whether the cloud top is predominately made up of ice crystals or supercooled liquid droplets plays a large role in the clouds overall radiative effects. This study uses collocated airborne radar, lidar, and thermodynamic data from 12 high‐altitude flight legs during the Southern Ocean Clouds, Radiation, Aerosol Transport Experimental Study (SOCRATES) to characterize Southern Ocean (SO) cold sector cloud top phase (i.e., within 96 m of top) as a function of cloud top temperature (CTT). A training data set was developed to create probabilistic phase classifications based on High Spectral Resolution Lidar data and Cloud Radar data. These classifications were then used to identify dominant cloud top phase. Case studies are presented illustrating examples of supercooled liquid water at cloud top at different CTT ranges over the SO (−3°C &lt; CTTs &lt; −28°C). During SOCRATES, 67.4% of sampled cloud top had CTTs less than 0°C. Of the subfreezing cloud tops sampled, 91.7% had supercooled liquid water present in the top 96 m and 74.9% were classified entirely as liquid‐bearing. Liquid‐bearing cloud tops were found at CTTs as cold as −30°C. Horizontal cloud extent was also determined as a function of median cloud top height.
Detecting partial discharge of polluted insulators based on ultraviolet imaging (2015)

Insulator is one of the most commonly used devices in transmission lines, so that the reliability of insulators is of great importance to the stable and safe operation of the electric grid. This paper analyzed the filthy discharge of polluted insulators based on ultraviolet (UV) imaging detection technology. By establishing an equivalent circuit model of polluted insulators, this paper analyzed and processed the causes and influencing factors of filthy discharge. Insulators were polluted artificially and discharged in the artificial climate chamber. The images and videos of this process were recorded and processed, based on which a characteristic of these images has been extracted and defined as “facula area percentage”. By analyzing and comparing the images' characteristics of discharges under different pollution level and different relative humidity, this paper acquired the patterns of how insulator discharges are influenced by pollution and humidity. By analyzing the influencing factors, such as gains, shot angles and distances, to the characteristics of those UV images, this paper also worked out the conversion formula under different gains, shot angles and distances, and proposed a standard for UV imaging.
Data from Sustained VEGF Blockade Results in Microenvironmental Sequestration of VEGF by Tumors and Persistent VEGF Receptor-2 Activation (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) blockade has been validated clinically as a treatment for human cancers, yet virtually all patients eventually develop progressive disease during therapy. In order to dissect this phenomenon, we examined the effect of sustained VEGF blockade in a model of advanced pediatric cancer. Treatment of late-stage hepatoblastoma xenografts resulted in the initial collapse of the vasculature and significant tumor regression. However, during sustained treatment, vessels recovered, concurrent with a striking increase in tumor expression of perlecan, a heparan sulfate proteoglycan. Whereas VEGF mRNA was expressed at the periphery of surviving clusters of tumor cells, both secreted VEGF and perlecan accumulated circumferential to central vessels. Vascular expression of heparanase, VEGF receptor-2 ligand binding, and receptor activation were concurrently maintained despite circulating unbound VEGF Trap. Endothelial survival signaling via Akt persisted. These findings provide a novel mechanism for vascular survival during sustained VEGF blockade and indicate a role for extracellular matrix molecules that sequester and release biologically active VEGF. (Mol Cancer Res 2008;6(1):1–9)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Graphene ReRAM towards All Graphene LSIs: Experimental Demonstration of Two-terminal ReRAM Operation in Electrically Broken Mono- and Multi-layer Graphene (2012)

2012 International Conference on Solid State Devices and Materials,Graphene ReRAM towards All Graphene LSIs: Experimental Demonstration of Two-terminal ReRAM Operation in Electrically Broken Mono- and Multi-layer Graphene
Supramolecular Chemistry in Microflow Fields: Toward a New Material World of Precise Kinetic Control (2015)

Constructing new and versatile self-assembling systems in supramolecular chemistry is much like the development of new reactions or new catalysts in synthetic organic chemistry. As one such new technology, conventional supramolecular assembly systems have been combined with microflow techniques to control intermolecular or interpolymer interactions through precise regulation of a flowing self-assembly field. The potential of the microflow system has been explored by using various simple model compounds. Uniform solvent diffusion in the microflow leads to rapid activation of molecules in a nonequilibrium state and, thereby, enhanced interactions. All of these self-assembly processes begin from a temporally activated state and proceed in a uniform chemical environment, forming a synchronized cluster and resulting in effective conversion to supramolecules, with precise tuning of molecular (or polymer) interactions. This approach allows the synthesis of a variety of discrete microstructures (e.g., fibers, sheets) and unique supramolecules (e.g., hierarchical assemblies, capped fibers, polymer networks, supramolecules with time-delayed action) that have previously been inaccessible.
Frequency-upconverted whispering-gallery-mode lasing in ZnO hexagonal nanodisks (2009)

Low threshold, frequency-upconverted lasing in the two-photon absorption regime was observed in hexagonal ZnO nanodisks. Upon near-IR excitation, the ZnO nanodisk resonators produced UV laser emission with a remarkably low threshold (approximately 1 mJ/cm(2)) as well as a resolved lasing linewidth of approximately 0.1 nm. Modal analysis and far-field photoluminescence imaging of the nanolasers have suggested the dominance of whispering-gallery modes in the two-photon pumped microcavity lasing process.
More than meets the eye: Varicella zoster virus-related orbital apex syndrome (2018)

A 67-year-old male patient with poorly controlled type-2 diabetes mellitus developed an orbital apex syndrome and anterior cavernous syndrome secondary to herpetic zoster ophthalmicus (HZO), despite being on oral acyclovir. Urgent treatment with intravenous acyclovir led to improvement of the orbital and ocular inflammation but had no effect on the complete ophthalmoplegia and profound visual loss. At the 9-month follow-up visit, the patient had complete unilateral ophthalmoplegia and monocular blindness due to optic atrophy.
Noncovalent Functionalization of Carbon Nanotubes by Fluorescein−Polyethylene Glycol:  Supramolecular Conjugates with pH-Dependent Absorbance and Fluorescence (2007)

We report the use of fluorescein−polyethylene glycol (Fluor-PEG) to noncovalently functionalize single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) for obtaining water-soluble nanotube conjugates (Fluor-PEG/SWNT) and simultaneously affording fluorescence labels to nanotubes. We find serendipitously that fluorescein, a widely used fluorophore, can strongly adsorb onto the sidewall of the SWNTs, likely via π-stacking, and the hydrophilic PEG chain imparts high aqueous solubility. Interaction between fluorescein and SWNT is pH dependent; it weakens as the pH is increased, causing the Fluor-PEG/SWNT conjugate to be less stable at high pHs. Fluorescein molecules bound to SWNTs exhibit interesting pH-dependent optical absorbance and fluorescence properties that are distinct from free molecules, as a result of pH-dependent interactions with SWNT sidewalls. Fluorescence emission from fluorescein adsorbed on SWNT is quenched by ∼67%, but remains sufficient and useful as a fluorescent label. The utility of Fluor-PEG/SWNT as a simultaneous fluorescent marker and an intracellular transporter is demonstrated by uptake of Fluor-PEG/SWNT by mammalian cells and detection of fluorescence inside the cells. Raman detection of SWNTs in the cells is also carried out and used to prove the co-localization of fluorescein and SWNT.
Effects of thyroxine excess on peripheral organs. (1994)

Aim of this paper is to review the effects of T4 excess due to exogenous thyroid hormone administration on target organs, with particular regard to heart, bone, liver and pituitary. Therapy with TSH-suppressive doses of T4 has been shown in a cross sectional echocardiographic study to increase left ventricular contractility and to induce mild myocardial hypertrophy. Whether the latter represents a risk for the patients remains a matter of debate. Clinically it does not seem to be important. The long-term evaluation of T4-therapy has provided controversial results. Some have reported that T4-treated patients under the age of 65 have an increased risk of ischemic heart disease, whereas others were unable to find any change in morbidity, mortality and quality of life, including cardiovascular events. Thyroid hormones enhance both osteoblastic and osteoclastic activities in cortical and trabecular bone. Overt hyperthyroidism is well known to represent a risk factor for osteoporosis. Studies in the late eighties have suggested a reduced bone density in T4-treated patients, with a particular risk for cortical bone in postmenopausal women. More recent studies have failed to show any substantial T4-related change in bone mass. Taken together the evidence of the literature suggests that TSH-suppressive therapy with T4 is, if well controlled, probably not associated with significant loss of bone mass at least in premenopausal women. A mild elevation of the activity of hepatic enzymes (glutathione-S-transferase, gamma glutamyltransferase, alanine amino-transferase, angiotensin-converting enzyme) has been observed in patients under T4 treatment in TSH-suppressive doses.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Significant Reductions in Mortality in Hospitalized Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus in Washington State from 2003 to 2011 (2015)

In this large group of hospitalized lupus patients in Washington, hospital length of stay remained relatively stable over time but hospital mortality decreased by over 50% over the eight year study period.
Multi-photon polymerization using upconversion nanoparticles for tunable feature-size printing (2022)

The recent development of light-based 3D printing technologies has marked a turning point in additive manufacturing. Through photopolymerization, liquid resins can be solidified into complex objects. Usually, the polymerization is triggered by exciting a photoinitiator with ultraviolet (UV) or blue light. In two-photon printing (TPP), the excitation is done through the non-linear absorption of two photons; it enables printing 100-nm voxels but requires expensive femtosecond lasers which strongly limits their broad dissemination. Upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) have recently been proposed as an alternative to TPP for photopolymerization but using continuous-wave lasers. UCNPs convert near-infrared (NIR) into visible/UV light to initiate the polymerization locally as in TPP. Here we provide a study of this multi-photon mechanism and demonstrate how the non-linearity impacts the printing process. In particular, we report on the possibility of fine-tuning the size of the printed voxel by adjusting the NIR excitation intensity. Using gelatin-based hydrogel, we are able to vary the transverse voxel size from 1.3 to 2.8 μm and the axial size from 7.7 to 59 μm by adjusting the NIR power without changing the degree of polymerization. This work opens up new opportunities for speeding up the fabrication while preserving the minimum feature size with cheap light sources.
Variable Format Radar Receiver Using a SAW Convolver (1978)

A technique for receiving radar pulse trains is presented [which can be of a variable format in the sense that they vary from pulse to pulse]. The heart of the receiver is a sufrace ascoustic wave (SAW) convolver. In addition to prsenting experimental results for variable format waveform reception, it is shown that the convolver can easily generate ambiguity functions for virtually any waveform, and specific results for signals such as Barker codes and linear FM (chirp) waveforms are presented.
MORPHOMETRIC ANALYSIS OF PARS PLANA DEVELOPMENT IN HUMANS (1997)

The pars plana first develops during the second trimester of gestation. A rapid growth phase occurs between 26 weeks and 35 weeks postconception. The dimensions of the pars plana are correlated closely with axial length and postconceptional age. Assuming that a pars plana width of 3 mm is required for surgery to be performed via a pars plana approach, we estimate that pars plana vitreous surgery can be performed when the patient is at least 62 weeks old (postconception), which is a 6-month-old full-term infant.
N-Terminal–Pro-Brain Natriuretic Peptide Predicts Outcome After Hospital Discharge in Heart Failure Patients (2004)

Variations in NT-proBNP levels are related to hospital readmission and death within 6 months. NT-proBNP levels are potentially useful in the evaluation of treatment efficacy and might help clinicians in planning discharge of HF patients. Whether therapeutic strategies aimed to lower NT-proBNP levels modify prognosis warrants future investigation.