gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Wasteless Synthesis and Properties of Highly Dispersed MgAl2O4 Based on Product of Thermal Activation of Gibbsite (2022)

The study showed that the interaction of the product of centrifugal thermal activation of gibbsite with an aqueous solution of magnesium nitrate at a cationic ratio Mg:Al = 1:2 leads to the formation of mixed double hydroxides both under hydrothermal treatment at 150 °C and at room temperature. The subsequent thermal treatment at 550 °C of the product of mild interaction leads to ~90% alumina-magnesia spinel and ~10% MgO, while the treatment of the hydrothermal interaction product leads to ~100% spinel with the stoichiometric composition MgAl2O4. The obtained spinel samples possess a high specific surface area (above 100 m2/g) and a hierarchical pore structure formed by the micron-level particles of different sizes (1–2 and 10–20 μm) consisting of ~70 nm crystallites with ~3 nm pores; the samples differ mostly in the total volume and quantitative ratio of the pores. The samples have Lewis acid sites of moderate strength on the surface, the amount of which is much lower to how it is when compared with a sample prepared by precipitation in that they also differ by quantity from each other as well (503 μmol/g for stoichiometric spinel and 304 μmol/g for sample with admixture of MgO). As the calcination temperature is raised to 850 °C, the acidity decreases—only weak Lewis acid sites are observed, the amount of which is also higher for stoichiometric spinel (161 and 39 μmol/g, respectively). The method proposed for the synthesis of alumina-magnesia systems provides a high dispersion and a much lower surface acidity for the oxides; in addition, it minimizes or completely excludes wash water, in distinction to the precipitation method.
LEAN BODY MASS (1953)

MORE THAN a hundred years ago, von Bezold<sup>1</sup>enunciated a fundamental concept regarding body composition. He stated that every animal possesses a normal water, organic matter, and salt content which is characteristic of its species and age. In the process of maturation the changes which occur in the composition of mammals, birds, and amphibians were summarized as consisting of (<i>a</i>) a decrease in water content, beginning in the embryo and continuing up to the peak of early growth; (<i>b</i>) an increase in organic matter, which occurs at the greatest rate during the initial period of growth following birth, and (<i>c</i>) a marked increase in mineral content during the first period of autonomous life. Determinations were not made, however, of the fat content of the animals studied. Since the presence of variable quantities of fat may render meaningless a comparison of percentage weights of various components of the whole body,
Controllable Inverter Delay and Suppressing V<inf>th</inf> Fluctuation Technology in Silicon on Thin BOX Featuring Dual Back-Gate Bias Architecture (2007)

45 nm-gate SOTB (silicon on thin BOX) technology for LSTP application has been successfully developed. In the SOTB device, short-channel effect immunity without channel doping and back-gate bias threshold voltage (V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">th</sub> ) control are demonstrated. GIDL is reduced with avoiding drive current and inverter delay degradation minimum by optimizing offset source/drain extension to gate overlap. We have also proposed the SOTB device design enabling the controllable inverter delay and low V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">th</sub> fluctuation for logic and SRAM memory cell transistors. Inverter delay can be improved from 19.3 to 10.5 ps by applying the forward back-gate bias. Furthermore, V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">th</sub> fluctuation can be reduced about 16% by applying the reverse back-gate bias. A 6-transistor SRAM memory cell of the SOTB structure by adding a reverse back bias control has shown to dramatically improve SRAM memory cell stability.
Agitate Educate Organise. The roles of information-based programming on 4ZzZ (2005)

Community radio in Australia, and community media in general, has recieved increased attention from academics in recent years. Forde et al (2002) highlight the need for further study into news and current affairs programming in the community broadcasting sector, saying they are keen to discover more about its format and content, especially in terms of the attitudes and practices of information-based program producers. This paper clarifies some of these issues by outlining the results of a case study of information-based programming on Brisbane community radio 4ZzZ and adopting a modified citizen's media framework.
Relationship of Occupation to Contact Dermatitis: Evaluation in Patients Tested from 1998 to 2000 (2002)

Occupational contact dermatitis frequently was found to be multifactorial and associated with several specific allergens and occupations.
Texture analysis in 177Lu SPECT phantom images: Statistical assessment of uniformity requirements using texture features (2019)

The purpose of this study was to apply texture analysis (TA) to evaluate the uniformity of SPECT images reconstructed with the 3D Ordered Subsets Expectation Maximization (3D-OSEM) algorithm. For this purpose, a cylindrical homogeneous phantom filled with 177Lu was used and a total of 24 spherical volumes of interest (VOIs) were considered inside the phantom. The location of the VOIs was chosen in order to define two different configurations, i.e. gravity and radial configuration. The former configuration was used to investigate the uniformity of distribution of 177Lu inside the phantom, while the latter configuration was used to investigate the lack of uniformity from center towards edge of the images. For each VOI, the trend of different texture features considered as a function of 3D-OSEM updates was investigated in order to evaluate the influence of reconstruction parameters. TA was performed using CGITA software. The equality of the average texture feature trends in both spatial configurations was assumed as the null hypothesis and was tested by functional analysis of variance (fANOVA). With regard to the gravity configuration, no texture feature rejected the null hypothesis when the number of subsets increased. For the radial configuration, the statistical analysis revealed that, depending on the 3D-OSEM parameters used, a few texture features were capable of detecting the non-uniformity of 177Lu distribution inside the phantom moving from the center of the image towards its edge. Finally, cross-correlation coefficients were calculated to better identify the features that could play an important role in assessing quality assurance procedures performed on SPECT systems.
Determining Seaglider Velocities Automatically (2019)

Determination of underwater glider speed along its glide path is critical to recovering important oceanographic observations, including vertical water velocities and depth-averaged currents (DAC), as well as for properly correcting passive flow-dependent sensors, including thermal-inertia effects in unpumped conductivity-temperature (CT) instruments. To estimate these velocities accurately we developed a completely automated flight model system (herein ‘FMS’) that solves the flight model regressions regularly and consistently recovers well-constrained flight model parameters for each dive of a deployment. It is designed to analyze both on-going and completed deployments, providing, in the former case, warnings and suggestions to the pilot about flight performance and parameter settings that could improve glider's navigational performance at sea.
Structural and electronic transitions in polyaniline: A Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic study (1990)

Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopic studies are carried out on different, potentiometric well defined oxidation states of polyaniline in aqueous acidic and organic electrolytes. During the oxidation process ring structures transform from benzenoid into quinoid states. The fully reduced state of polyaniline shows differences in the anion contents in acidic and organic electrolytes. The 400 mV vs saturated calomel electrode (SCE) oxidized state has the maximum number of the intercalated anions in aqueous acidic media in accordance with supporting potentiometric titration experiments. This conducting form of polyaniline shows similar FTIR spectra in organic as well as in acidic media. For the oxidized state at 800 mV vs SCE, a deintercalation of anions in aqueous acidic, or further intercalation in organic electrolyte is observed. Beyond 800 mV vs SCE, polyaniline shows degradation processes in aqueous acidic media which are found to proceed via formation of benzoquinone-like structures and finally result in a complete dissolution of the polymer.
FLASH LIDAR Based Relative Navigation (2014)

Relative navigation remains the most challenging part of spacecraft rendezvous and docking. In recent years, flash LIDARs, have been increasingly selected as the go-to sensors for proximity operations and docking. Flash LIDARS are generally lighter and require less power that scanning Lidars. Flash LIDARs do not have moving parts, and they are capable of tracking multiple targets as well as generating a 3D map of a given target. However, there are some significant drawbacks of Flash Lidars that must be resolved if their use is to be of long-term significance. Overcoming the challenges of Flash LIDARs for navigation-namely, low technology readiness level, lack of historical performance data, target identification, existence of false positives, and performance of vision processing algorithms as intermediaries between the raw sensor data and the Kalman filter-requires a world-class testing facility, such as the Lockheed Martin Space Operations Simulation Center (SOSC). Ground-based testing is a critical step for maturing the next-generation flash LIDAR-based spacecraft relative navigation. This paper will focus on the tests of an integrated relative navigation system conducted at the SOSC in January 2014. The intent of the tests was to characterize and then improve the performance of relative navigation, while addressing many of the flash LIDAR challenges mentioned above. A section on navigation performance and future recommendation completes the discussion.
Constructability and Economics of FRP Reinforcement Cages for Concrete Beams (1997)

This paper presents a quantitative economic analysis and a qualitative constructability analysis of three-dimensional fiber-reinforced plastic (FRP) reinforcement cages for concrete beams. Material, labor, and life-cycle costs are provided, and construction practice aspects are discussed. The results of the analyses indicate that prefabricated FRP cages can offer benefits to the construction industry. Although the initial costs of the FRP materials are likely to be higher than those of steel rebar, there is a significant potential for cost savings due to reduced maintenance and labor costs, as a result of the corrosion resistance of the FRP and the increased construction productivity. When direct life-cycle costs are considered, FRP reinforcements already constitute, in many cases, an economically competitive alternative to conventional steel reinforcement in adverse environments. If, in addition, the indirect cost savings as well as quality and safety issues are considered, the FRP reinforcement may be even more competitive.
Comparison of electrical and chemical characteristics of ultrathin HfON versus HfSiON dielectrics (2006)

The electrical and chemical properties of ultrathin HfON and HfSiON gate dielectrics are investigated as a function of physical thickness. Grazing incidence x-ray diffraction was used to detect phase separation and crystallization of 1.5, 2.0, 2.5, and 4.0nm films of HfON and HfSiON after a 1000°C-10s activation annealing. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy was used to determine the chemical composition of the dielectrics. No evidence of crystallization was detected in 1.5nm HfON or HfSiON films after the activation annealing. The HfON film showed crystallization at a 2.0nm thickness whereas the 2.0nm HfSiON film remained amorphous.
Fast Periodic Antenna Switching for Diversity and Smart Antenna: On SNR Property and Spurious Response (2006)

The signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) property and spurious response of fast periodic antenna switching reception have been analyzed. Simulation results show the diversity and interference rejection performance affected by spurious response due to antenna switching. The switching frequency should be carefully selected considering this point
Germ Line Stem Cell Competition in Postnatal Mouse Testes1 (2002)

Niche is believed to affect stem cell behavior. In self-renewing systems for which functional transplantation assays are available, it has long been assumed that stem cells are fixed in the niche and that ablative treatments to remove endogenous stem cells are required for successful donor engraftment. Our results demonstrate that enriched populations of donor stem cells can produce long-lasting spermatogenic colonies in testes of immature and mature, nonablated mice, albeit at a lower frequency than in ablated mice. Colonization of nonablated recipient testes by neonate, pup, and cryptorchid adult donor spermatogonial stem cells demonstrates that competition for niche begins soon after birth and that endogenous stem cells influence the degree and pattern of donor cell colonization. Thus, a dynamic relationship between stem cell and niche exists in the testis, as has been suggested for hematopoiesis. Therefore, similar competitive properties of donor stem cells may be characteristic of all self-renewing systems.
Growth of International Contributors to Dermatologic Literature (1999)

International representation of author-cited articles appearing in the dermatology literature is increasing. The growth of scholarly contributions has been especially great for authors from western Europe except Scandinavia.
Cost-effectiveness of Myocardial Perfusion SPECT for Diagnosis of Coronary Artery Disease in Korea: Comparison with Exercise ECG and Coronary Angiography (2000)

Purpose: Cost-effectiveness of myocardial SPECT for the diagnosis of coronary artery disease was investigated considering the present and amended costs of myocardial SPECT and exercise ECG in Korea. Materials and Methods: Four diagnostic tactics such as 1) coronary angiography (CAG) after exercise ECG, 2) CAG after myocardial SPECT, 3) direct CAG, and 4) CAG after myocardial SPECT following exercise ECG were chosen. Costs were calculated using the present costs of various tests and effects represented by Quality Adjusted Life Year (QALY) were estimated. Difference of QALY () was calculated by subtracting QALY of diagnosed/treated cases from QALY of undiagnosed cases. was calculated and compared between four different tactics according to pre-test probability. Results: When pre-test probability was equal to or larger than 0.6, direct CAG was the most cost-effective. When pre-test probability was between 0.2 and 0.6, CAG after myocardial SPECT following exercise ECG was the most cost-effective. CAG after myocardial SPECT was the second most cost-effective. Cost-effectiveness was similar when the costs of exercise ECG were doubled or quadrupled. CAG after exercise ECG was always the least cost-effective. Conclusion: Myocardial SPECT with or without preceding exercise ECG was the most cost-effective method to diagnose coronary artery disease in the present or expected amended cost system.
Alteration of amino acid content of cerebrospinal fluid from patients with epilepsy (1988)

The alteration of amino acids content in cerebrospinal fluids (CSF) from 31 cases of epilepsy and 10 cases of headache (as control) was studied using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). In patients with epilepsy, it was found that the CSF levels of GABA and aspartic acid had a tendency to decrease, but these changes were not statistically significant. In simple partial seizures, the CSF levels of glutamic acid and glycine also showed a tendency to decrease. The decrease of CSF GABA found in epileptics had a tendency to normalize following treatment with valproic acid. At the same time, administration of valproic acid induced a decrease of aspartic acid in the CSF of epileptics. These results suggest that administration of valproic acid may induce an increase in GABA and a decrease in aspartic acid in the CSF of epileptics.
On exceptional homogeneous compact geometries of type $\mathsf C_3$ (2017)

We provide a uniform framework to study the exceptional homogeneous compact geometries of type \mathsf C_3 . This framework is then used to show that these are simply connected, answering a question by Kramer and Lytchak, and to calculate the full automorphism groups.
Regulated Expression of -Fetoprotein Genes in Transgenic Mice (1985)

Eukaryotic organisms have evolved multiple ways in which to generate variation in the tissue-specific expression of cellular genes. In some instances, gene duplication followed by divergence of the regulatory sequences has been used to accomplish this, as best typified by the actin gene families from sea urchins (Angerer and Davidson 1984) to humans (Gunning et al. 1983). Alternative splicing of the primary transcripts of a single-copy gene in the calcitonin gene (Rosenfeld et al. 1984) and tissue-specific use of duplicated promoters in the mouse α-amylase gene (Schibler et al. 1983) represent ways in which diversity is built into single-copy genes.
Applications of diode laser feedback interferometry (1998)

We review the major features of laser diode feedback interferometry for sensing applications. The ensembles of the feedback effects on the optical field can be exploited for several non-contact measurements such as displacement, distance, vibration amplitude and frequency. Methods of signal processing are also discussed.
Hexagonal supramolecular networks in the crystal structure of the 1:1 molecular complex trimethylisocyanurate–1,3,5-trinitrobenzene (1995)

Trimethylisocyanurate 2 and 1,3,5-trinitrobenzene 3 form a hexagonal C–H ⋯ O mediated 1:1 complex wherein distinct molecular layers are formed, the molecular symmetry of the components being retained in the crystal.
Design of LED Bicycle Headlamp with a Horizontally Wide Viewing Angle (2017)

This paper proposes a LED bicycle headlamp with a wide viewing angle to help bicyclists see the front effectively and because of its high visibility to reduce the risks of accidents around intersections or blind spots. The wide viewing angle was determined to be 28° because it can illuminate a 5 m wide area 10 m away. Therefore, the road conditions of the intersection can be observed with the bicycle handlebar tilted slightly to the left or right. The headlamp has a compact reflector with a width of 30 mm, height of 27 mm, and length of 17 mm. Owing to its size, a change in the position of a light source leads to severe changes in light distribution. Therefore, the tolerance of the source position was analyzed by a simulation. The tolerance was ±0.5 mm at the X, Y and Z axes within a less centered aiming range of ±1°. Finally, the prototype of the bicycle headlamp was made and the light distribution was measured by an automotive headlamp light measurement system. The experimental results indicate that the headlamp illuminates a 5 m wide area with an edge light of 3.2 lx as well as meeting the K-mark regulation.
Étude Histopathologique d'une Lamelle de Cornée Excisée Après Complications de Traitement de Myopie par Lasik (2003)

The patient's clinical symptoms are to a certain extent explained by the histopathological findings. Epithelial ingrowth must be treated in time to avoid keratolysis.
Implementation of multiuser detection strategies for coherent underwater acoustic communication (2002)

This paper presents multiple access interference cancellation techniques based on joint implementation of spatial-beamforming and multiuser detection strategies for coherent underwater acoustic communication network. Performances of adaptive multiuser detection strategies based on weighted parallel, successive, and recursive successive interference cancellation techniques are compared using experimental sea-trial data. Results show that the receiver structure adopting weighted recursive successive interference cancellation (RSIC) exhibits robustness in extracting useful data for weak users in the presence of co-channel interference from strong users. In addition, this type of structure simultaneously suppresses the summed interference effects contributed by weaker users toward the strongest user. The RSIC structure is therefore a potential candidate for multiple access interference suppression in coherent shallow water acoustic communication systems.
Early pain in females is linked to late pathological features in murine experimental osteoarthritis (2023)

Our data show that sex is a determinant in the link between pain-related behavior with OA features. Therefore, to accurately interpret pain data it is crucial to segregate data analysis by sex to draw the correct mechanistic conclusion.
Conversion of basal plane dislocations to threading edge dislocations in 4H-SiC epilayers by high temperature annealing (2012)

Conversion of basal plane dislocations (BPDs) to threading edge dislocations (TEDs) is found in 4H-SiC epilayers after being annealed simply at high temperatures. Grazing incidence reflection synchrotron x-ray topography for the dislocations in the epilayers before and after annealing confirmed that some of the BPDs in the epilayers had converted to TEDs from the epilayer surface by the annealing. Observations on the dislocation behavior during annealing are explained in detail, and the mechanism of BPD conversion is discussed. It is argued that the conversion proceeds through the cross slip of constricted BPD segments towards the surface on the prismatic plane driven by the image force as well as TED glide driven by the line tension. Certain kinetic processes during annealing may facilitate the formation of constriction.
Understanding the limitations of ultrasonic backscatter measurements from microbubble populations (2002)

Despite over ten years of in vitro investigations of ultrasound contrast agents, the level of understanding of their behaviour in ultrasound fields is limited. Several problems associated with these investigations, particular to the nature of contrast agents, are discussed. Using a commercial scanner the RF normalized backscatter of two different contrast agents (Definity and Quantison) was measured at different suspension concentrations and acoustic pressures. Both contrast agents scattered ultrasound nonlinearly and the backscatter showed a dependence on acoustic pressure. In order to assess the average behaviour of the agents across the range of acoustic pressures and microbubble concentrations the experimental data were fitted to a theoretically acceptable model using nonlinear regression analysis. The analysis showed that both the backscatter and the attenuation of the Quantison suspensions displayed a higher order of dependence on acoustic pressure than the Definity suspensions. It was also discovered that Quantison microbubbles did not demonstrate uniform behaviour across the acoustic pressure range. At lower acoustic pressures the behaviour could not follow a model similar to that which predicted the behaviour at higher acoustic pressures, which was mainly due to the fact that free bubbles were released in a fashion dependent on acoustic pressure. The fact that two different populations of scatterers exist in the same suspensions makes the assessment of the behaviour of the particular agent impossible with the high concentrations that are commonly used. Very low concentration suspensions whereby single scattering events can be monitored should be more useful. In conclusion, the approach of using high microbubble concentrations in order to investigate the properties of ultrasonic contrast agents is limited in that the results of such studies cannot be used to understand the behaviour of single microbubbles.