gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Circulating microRNAs associated with docetaxel-resistant castration resistant prostate cancer. (2014)

44 Background: Despite a range of new treatments, docetaxel (DTX) remains the first-line chemotherapy for castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). However, only 50% of patients respond to docetaxel at the cost of potentially significant toxicity. Therefore, there is a need for new biomarkers to identify early response to therapy. This study aims to determine if circulating microRNAs are associated with DTX chemotherapy outcome in CRPC. Methods: Global microRNA profiling was performed on DTX-resistant and sensitive cell lines to identify candidate circulating microRNA biomarkers. Custom Taqman Array MicroRNA cards measured the levels of 46 candidate microRNAs in plasma/serum from 97 CRPC patients, collected pre- and three weeks post-cycle one of DTX. Responses were defined by the PCWG1 serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) response criteria; partial response (PR), stable disease (SD), progressive disease (PD). Multiple T-test, Mann-Whitney U, Kaplan-Meier, Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC), and Cox regression analyses were used to assess the associations between microRNA levels and clinical outcomes. Results: Eighteen microRNAs were associated with PSA response or overall survival (p&lt;0.05). DTX non-responders (PD+SD) and patients with shorter survival had high pre-DTX levels of miR-200 family members (miR-200a, miR-200b, miR-200c, miR-429; p&lt;0.05), or decreased/unchanged post-DTX levels of miR-17 family members (miR-19b, miR-20a, miR-20b; p&lt;0.05). The combined levels of miR-20a, miR-146a, miR-200b, miR-200c, miR-222, and miR-301b predicted PSA response (ROC AUC 0.74, 95% CI 0.64-0.84). Pre-DTX miR-200a levels (HR 3.0, 95%CI 1.6-5.8; p=0.001) and post-DTX change in miR-20a (HR 3.4, 95%CI 1.8-6.3; p=0.0002) were independent predictors of overall survival when modeled with hemoglobin levels (HR 2.6, 95%CI 1.4-5.1; p=0.02), PSA response (HR 2.1, 95%CI 1.1-3.9; p=0.03), and visceral metastases (HR 2.0, 95%CI 1.1-3.5; p=0.03). Conclusions: Circulating microRNAs are potential early predictors of DTX chemotherapy outcome and may be useful in stratifying patients in future clinical trials. These microRNAs may also be involved in DTX resistance and represent potential therapeutic targets.
The effects of priming on nuclear replication activity and germination of pepper (Capsicum annuum) and tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) seeds (1994)

Abstract Using flow cytometry, we determined relative DNA amounts expressed as C-values, of large numbers of nuclei isolated from embryo root tips in three seed lots of pepper ( Capsicum annuum ) and tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum ). The nuclei in embryos of fully matured dry pepper and tomato seeds predominantly revealed 2C signals, which indicates that the cells of maturing seeds have arrested at G 1 phase of the cell cycle. Priming of pepper and tomato seeds in −1.1, −1.3 or −1.5 MPa polyethylene glycol (PEG) for 14 days reduced the mean time to germination. In all seed lots an induction of 4C signals was found after priming, indicating that during priming the cells of the embryonic root tip had replicated their DNA and arrested at the G 2 phase of the cell cycle. For both tomato and pepper, the frequency of 4C signals was highest at the lowest PEG concentration (osmotic potential of −1.1 MPa). A significant inverse correlation was found between the frequency of root tip cells expressing 4C DNA signals and the mean time to germination for each individual pepper and tomato seed lot. However, the effect of a specific osmotic treatment differed between seed lots of the same cultivar, with regard to both the decrease in the mean time to germination and to the percentage of 4C cells, suggesting specific differences among seed lots in the response to priming. The present results indicate that flow cytometry can be used to follow the progress in nuclear replication activities during priming. The advancement in DNA synthesis can thus be used to measure the efficiency of a priming treatment with regard to enhancement of seed lot germination rate.
Fractional Fourier transforms and their optical implementation II (1993)

The linear transform kernel for fractional Fourier transforms is derived. The spatial resolution and the space–bandwidth product for propagation in graded-index media are discussed in direct relation to fractional Fourier transforms, and numerical examples are presented. It is shown how fractional Fourier transforms can be made the basis of generalized spatial filtering systems: Several filters are interleaved between several fractional transform stages, thereby increasing the number of degrees of freedom available in filter synthesis.
Short-term impacts of anthropogenic stressors on Aedes albopictus mosquito vector microbiota (2018)

Recent studies have highlighted the potential role of microbiota in the biology of the Aedes albopictus mosquito vector. This species is highly anthropogenic and exhibits marked ecological plasticity, with a resulting high potential to colonize a wide range of habitats-including anthropized areas-under various climatic conditions. We put forward the hypothesis that climate and anthropogenic activities, such as the use of antibiotics in agriculture and human medicine, might affect the mosquito-associated bacterial community. We thus studied the additive impact of a temperature decrease and antibiotic ingestion on the temporal dynamics of Ae. albopictus survival and its associated bacterial communities. The results showed no effects of disturbances on mosquito survival. However, short-term temperature impacts on bacterial diversity were observed, while both the community structure and bacterial diversity were affected by early antibiotic ingestion. The genera Elizabethkingia, Chryseobacterium and Wolbachia, as well as an unclassified member of the Bacteroidales order were particularly affected. Antibiotics negatively impacted Elizabethkingia abundance, while Chryseobacterium was completely eliminated following both disturbances, to the benefit of Wolbachia and the unclassified Bacteroidales species. These results generated fresh insight into the effects of climate and anthropogenic activities such as the use of antibiotics on mosquito microbiota.
Letters to the Editor (1967)

Many of the issues raised by Dr. Baum are discussed in the original article, i.e., the importance of the influence of gravity and of uterine contractions as well as the onset of respirations and the time factor. Because of the many unknown and complex factors, a definition of placental transfusion was not attempted. Concerning Dr. Baum's proposed definition, it would seem to be purely theoretic to consider a "redistribution" of red cells between the placental and fetal circulations since, to our knowledge, neither the total circulating red cell mass of the placenta and baby nor its prenatal distribution is known.
Research on Aerospace Manufacturing Mode Transformation Based on TRIZ Theory (2014)

Existing aerospace manufacturing mode is difficult to adapt to the development of industrialization of space transformation in face of the increasing space missions. Then it causes demand for aerospace manufacturing mode transformation. This article first analyzes the present status and transformative driving factor of aerospace manufacturing mode. On the basis of TRIZ theory, we apply the theory of technology evolution in overall space manufacturing mode analysis. Then we look into each specific issues of manufacturing mode and explore the method to solve the problem according to the substance--field analyzing method. After that, integrate all income approaches and seek for target mode which adapts to the transformation of aerospace manufacturing. Finally, the target pattern’s characters are analyzed in terms of the maturity of aerospace products and production process.
Immunological and Symptomatic Effects of Oral Intake of Transgenic Rice Containing 7 Linked Major T-Cell Epitopes from Japanese Cedar Pollen Allergens (2020)

Allergen-specific T-cell responses were significantly reduced by oral intake of transgenic rice in a dose-dependent manner. However, neither medication score nor QOL symptom scores could be improved during the JC pollen season with oral intake of transgenic rice for 20 weeks.
A generalised cross-modal clustering method applied to multimedia news semantic indexing and retrieval (2009)

Current Web technology has enabled the distribution of informative content through dynamic media platforms.In addition, the availability of the same content in the form of digital multimedia data has dramatically increased.Content-based, cross-media retrieval applications are needed to efficiently access desired information from this variety of data sources. This paper presents a novel approach for cross-media information aggregation, and describes a prototype system implementing this approach. The prototype adopts online newspaper articles and TV newscasts as information sources, to deliver a service made up of items including both contributions. Extensive experiments prove the effectiveness of the proposed approach in a real-world business context.
GLUT4 Facilitative Glucose Transporter Specifically and Differentially Contributes to Agonist-Induced Vascular Reactivity in Mouse Aorta (2005)

Thus, we conclude that GLUT4 is constitutively expressed in large arteries and likely participates in basal glucose uptake. In addition, GLUT4, as well as other non-GLUT4 facilitative glucose transporters, are necessary for agonist-induced contraction, but each transporter participates in VSMC contraction selectively, depending on the agonist, and changes in GLUT4 expression may account for some of the functional changes associated with vascular diseases like hypertension.
Beta emitters and radiation protection (2008)

Good laboratory practice is important to keep radiation doses low. To reduce bremsstrahlung, (90)Y should not be shielded by lead but instead perspex (10 mm) or aluminium (5 mm). Bremsstrahlung radiation can be further reduced by adding a millimetre of lead on the outside of the primary shielding material. If suitable shielding is used and larger numbers of handlings are divided among several persons, then handling of beta emitters can be a safe procedure.
Feasibility of Pulverized Oyster Shell as a Cementing Material (2013)

This research intends to study the cementing potential of pulverized oyster shell, rich in calcium, when mixed with fly ash and soil. Cylindrical compacted soil and cubic lime specimens with different proportions of the shells and fly ash are made to study the strength variance. Soil, which is classified as CL in the USCS system, commercialized pulverized oyster shell, F-type fly ash, and lime are mixed in different weight percentages. Five sample groups are made to study the compressive strength of soil and lime specimens, respectively. The lime cubes are made with 0.45 W/B ratio and the cylindrical soils are compacted under the standard Procter compaction process with 20% moisture content. The results show that increment of shell quantity result to lower strength on both the soil and lime specimens. In a 56-day curing, the compressive strength of the lime cubes containing fly ash increases evidently while those carrying the shell get little progress in strength. The soil specimens containing fly ash gradually gain strength as curing proceeds. It suggests that mixtures of the shell and fly ash do not process any Pozzolanic reaction nor help to raise the unconfined strength of the compacted soil through the curing.
Fine Annealing of Optical Glass (1954)

Since the most important characteristic of optical glass is the uniformity of its refractive index, which is itself a function of fictive temperature, any fine annealing treatment must be such as to bring about substantial uniformity in fictive temperature. Methods of accomplishing this are reviewed. In terms of total required time in the annealing process, the most efficient method consists of soaking the glass for a short time at a temperature near the annealing point and cooling at a constant rate to a temperature below the annealing range and at an increased rate to room temperature. Formulas are given for specifying the parameters in the annealing schedule in terms of the final condition of the glass as to stress and index. The several outstanding advantages of this method of annealing are discussed.
5′‐Methylthioadenosine Nucleosidase (1981)

5'-Methylthioadenosine nucleosidase (EC 3.2.2.9), the enzyme which catalyzes hydrolytic cleavage of 5'-methylthioadenosine with the formation of adenine and 5'-methylthioribose, has been purified to homogeneity from Lupinus luteus seeds. The nucleosidase has a native molecular weight of 62 000 and consists of two identical subunits, as judged by gel filtration and dodecylsulfate/polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The nucleosidase exhibits highest specificity towards the natural substrate with a Km of 4.1 X 10(-7) M for 5'-methylthioadenosine. It does not cleave adenine from S-adenosylhomocysteine. Among the synthetic analogs of 5'-methylthioadenosine tested, eleven compounds appear to be able to substitute as substrates. Furthermore, the enzyme can liberate hypoxanthinine from six inosyl (deaminated) derivatives obtained by enzymatic deamination of 5'-methylthioadenosine and its synthetic analogs. The Km for 5'-methylthioinosine is 55 microM, and the maximal velocity about 50-times lower than for 5'-methylthioadenosine. The reaction catalyzed by the nucleosidase can be inhibited by adenine (Ki = 11 microM), 3-deazaadenine (Ki = 19 microM), and 9-erythro(2-hydroxyl-3-nonyl)adenine (ki = 37 microM).
Nucleophile Substitutionsreaktionen am 5‐Nitro‐2‐furfurol (1972)

Abstract Nucleophile (Natriumazid und Natriumarylmercaptide) reagieren mit 5‐Nitro‐2‐furfurol ( 1 ) unter Austausch der Nitrogruppe zu 5‐Azido‐2‐furfurol ( 2 ) bzw. 5‐Arylmercapto‐2‐furfurolen 5a – f . Enamine und Amine bilden mit 1 die Furfuryliden‐cycloalkanone 9 und die Aminale 12 .
Assessment of coronary atherosclerosis by IVUS and IVUS-based imaging modalities: progression and regression studies, tissue composition and beyond (2011)

Cardiovascular disease remains the leading cause of mortality, morbidity and disability in the developed world, predominantly affecting the adult population. In the early 1990s coronary heart disease (CHD) was established as affecting one in two men and one in three women by the age of forty. Despite the dramatic progress in the field of cardiovascular medicine in terms of diagnosis and treatment of heart disease, modest improvements have only been achieved when the reduction of cardiovascular mortality and morbidity indices are assessed. To better understand coronary atherosclerosis, new imaging modalities have been introduced. These novel imaging modalities have been used in two ways: (1) for the characterization of plaque types; (2) for the assessment of the progression and regression of tissue types. These two aspects will be discussed in this review.
Pyrophosphate Na2CoP2O7 Polymorphs as Efficient Bifunctional Oxygen Electrocatalysts for Zinc–Air Batteries (2022)

Developing earth-abundant low-cost bifunctional oxygen electrocatalysts is a key approach to realizing efficient energy storage and conversion. By exploring Co-based sodium battery materials, here we have unveiled nanostructured pyrophosphate Na<sub>2</sub>CoP<sub>2</sub>O<sub>7</sub> polymorphs displaying efficient bifunctional electrocatalytic activity. While the orthorhombic polymorph (<i>o</i>-NCPy) has superior oxygen evolution reaction (OER) activity, the triclinic polymorph (<i>t</i>-NCPy) delivers better oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) activity. Simply by tuning the annealing condition, these pyrophosphate polymorphs can be easily prepared at temperatures as low as 500 °C. The electrocatalytic activity is rooted in the Co redox center with the (100) active surface and stable structural framework as per <i>ab initio</i> calculations. It marks the first case of phospho-anionic systems with both polymorphs showing stable bifunctional activity with low combined overpotential (ca. ∼0.7 V) comparable to that of reported state-of-the-art catalysts. These nanoscale cobalt pyrophosphates can be implemented in rechargeable zinc-air batteries.
The Total Syntheses of Guttiferone A and 6-epi-Guttiferone A (2014)

Polyprenylated polycyclic acylphloroglucinols (PPAP) are a constantly growing class of natural products that exhibit a common bicyclo[3.3.1]nonatrione core and consist of currently more than 200 members. A subclassification among the various natural products of this class includes the position of the exocyclic acyl group, the prenylation grade of the core, and the relative configuration at C-7 within the core. About 10% of the reported structures, however, possess an additional chiral center at C-6. Herein we describe a straightforward access to guttiferone A and epi-guttiferone A, in which full control of stereoselectivity is achieved via conformational control, and a strict separation of framework decorating from framework constructing operations sets the stage for a short 13-step synthesis.
Laboratory and phase I studies of new cancer drugs (1992)

New drug discovery continues to follow the time-honored paths of screening and novel target identification combined with analogue development and serendipity. The agents selected here reflect these various approaches. They include drugs already showing significant antitumor activity, eg, anthrapyrazoles, temozolomide, camptothecin analogues, and taxotere, and updated information is provided on their development. Other drugs just entering or currently in phase I trials include rhizoxin, which seems capable of overcoming multidrug resistance; the novel bioreductive agent EO9 [corrected]; and bryostatin, a highly potent protein kinase C agonist. Sequence specificity could well prove to be an important factor in the development of DNA-interactive agents, and information is provided on the progress with distamycin mustard and the new cyclopropylpyrroloindole analogues carzelesin and adozelesin.
Modeling of MOS Varactors and Characterizing the Tuning Curve of a 5-6 GHz LC VCO (2005)

A novel accumulation-mode MOS varactor model used for characterizing the tuning curve of LC-tank voltage-controlled oscillators (VCOs) is presented. The VCO tuning characteristic is seen to depend not only on the C-V characteristics of the varactor but also on losses in the tank. Effects of variations in the tank quality factor (Q) and oscillator's swing on the VCO tuning curve are discussed. Also a practical SPICE model using a pMOS transistor to describe an accumulation-mode MOS varactor is proposed. The model has been verified in a number of structures manufactured in a standard 0.13 /spl mu/m CMOS process and is suitable for simulation within many circuit design environments.
Effects of feeding strategy and duration of the dry period on the rumen microbiota of dairy cows (2019)

The composition of rumen microbiota during late gestation and early lactation was compared between cows receiving a close-up diet (1.43 Mcal net energy of lactation (NEl) kg −1 dry matter (DM)) throughout a 40 d dry period (SHORT) and cows receiving a far-off diet (1.28 Mcal NEl kg −1 DM) as well as the close-up diet (as above) for 39 and 21 d, respectively, during a conventional 60 d dry period (CONV). Rumen fluid was collected at weeks −2, −1, +1, +2, and +7 relative to calving. Extracted DNA was analyzed for taxonomic composition of the rumen microbiome using MiSeq Illumina sequencing of the V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene. At week +1, this composition differed (P &lt; 0.05) between treatments. In cows under the CONV treatment, this composition only differed (P &lt; 0.05) between weeks −1 and +1. For SHORT cows, this composition tended to differ between weeks +1 and +2 (P = 0.09) as well as between weeks +2 and +7 (P &lt; 0.03). The change of the taxonomic composition of the rumen microbiota after calving, mainly consisting of increases in the abundance of Firmicutes and decreases in that of Bacteroidites, was comparatively slower and less favourable under the SHORT treatment. This may have been due to more excessive grain intake before calving of cows on the latter treatment.
Effect of gallic acid on the aroma constituents of soymilk and soy protein isolates (2002)

Abstract Volatile compounds from soymilk were analyzed by gas chromatography/olfactometry/mass spectrometry (GCO/MS) with direct injection of various volumes of static headspaces. The most powerful odorants, determined by the minimum headspace volume required to detect by olfactometry, were (i) hexanal, (ii) acetaldehyde, (iii) methanethiol, (iv) dimethyl trisulfide (DMTS), and (v) 2‐pentyl furan. Analyses of soymilk prepared with the addition of 100 ppm gallic acid revealed that the only two detectable odorants were hexanal and acetaldehyde. Sensory analyses of the soymilk treated with 100 ppm gallic acid produced a significantly lower score ( P =0.0006) for overall odor intensity compared with the control soymilk. Aqueous slurries of soy protein isolates (SPI) prepared with the addition of 100 ppm gallic acid also had lower odor intensities than the control SPI ( P &lt;0.0001). GCO/MS analyses of headspace volatiles revealed that the gallic acid treatment had removed all detectable levels of methanethiol and DMTS while having no significant effect on the level of hexanal ( P =0.81).
Comparative Study of Splenic Wound Healing in Young and Adult Rats (1999)

Splenic wounds heal by regeneration and not by collagen scarring. In the young, myofibroblasts accumulate in the site of injury faster than in adults. These cells may enhance contraction and increase the rate of wound healing until parenchymatic regeneration is completed. Our results may indirectly explain the higher success rate of NOM of splenic injury in young patients.
Molecular mechanism for depolarization-induced modulation of Kv channel closure (2012)

Voltage-dependent potassium (Kv) channels provide the repolarizing power that shapes the action potential duration and helps control the firing frequency of neurons. The K+ permeation through the channel pore is controlled by an intracellularly located bundle-crossing (BC) gate that communicates with the voltage-sensing domains (VSDs). During prolonged membrane depolarizations, most Kv channels display C-type inactivation that halts K+ conduction through constriction of the K+ selectivity filter. Besides triggering C-type inactivation, we show that in Shaker and Kv1.2 channels (expressed in Xenopus laevis oocytes), prolonged membrane depolarizations also slow down the kinetics of VSD deactivation and BC gate closure during the subsequent membrane repolarization. Measurements of deactivating gating currents (reporting VSD movement) and ionic currents (BC gate status) showed that the kinetics of both slowed down in two distinct phases with increasing duration of the depolarizing prepulse. The biphasic slowing in VSD deactivation and BC gate closure was strongly correlated in time and magnitude. Simultaneous recordings of ionic currents and fluorescence from a probe tracking VSD movement in Shaker directly demonstrated that both processes were synchronized. Whereas the first slowing originates from a stabilization imposed by BC gate opening, the subsequent slowing reflects the rearrangement of the VSD toward its relaxed state (relaxation). The VSD relaxation was observed in the Ciona intestinalis voltage-sensitive phosphatase and in its isolated VSD. Collectively, our results show that the VSD relaxation is not kinetically related to C-type inactivation and is an intrinsic property of the VSD. We propose VSD relaxation as a general mechanism for depolarization-induced slowing of BC gate closure that may enable Kv1.2 channels to modulate the firing frequency of neurons based on the depolarization history.