gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
N‐(2‐Oxoacyl)amino Acids and Nitriles as Final Products of Dipeptide Chlorination Mediated by the Myeloperoxidase/H2O2/Cl− System (1978)

The chlorination of dipeptides by the myeloperoxidase/H2O2/Cl- system takes place at the N-terminal amino group, whereas no chlorination of the amide nitrogen of the peptide bond can be observed. The N-terminal amino group is chlorinated to N-monochloroamine or/and N-dichloroamine. N-Monochloropeptides were the main products at higher pH values, at lower pH at mixture of N-monochloropeptides and N-dichloropeptides was formed owing to the dismutation of N-monochloroamine to N-dichloroamine. N-Monochloropeptides decompose, yielding NH3 and the corresponding N-(2-oxoacyl)amino acids. N-Dichlorodipeptides decompose faster but to nitriles and the free C-terminal amino acids. N-Dichloroglycyl-amino acid decomposes through a relatively stable intermediate (cyano-formylamino acid) to hydrogen cyanide, cyanogen chloride and the free C-terminal amino acid. Insulin chlorination also yields N-terminal glycyl and phenylalanyl N-monochloro derivatives, which deaminate to glyoxylyl and phenylpyruvyl residues.
Increased hepatic insulin proreceptor-to-receptor ratio in diabetes: a possible processing defect (1991)

Hepatic insulin proreceptors and receptors were studied in control and in ketotic diabetic rats 2-4 wk after streptozotocin treatment. Solubilized preparations were partially purified by wheat germ agglutinin-agarose (WGA) and lentil lectin agarose (LLA) chromatography to enrich eluates in insulin receptors and proreceptors, respectively. After phosphorylation with [gamma-32P]ATP, an approximately 190-kDa glycoprotein was identified in LLA eluates as the insulin proreceptor, based on insulin dose-dependent tyrosine autophosphorylation, immunoprecipitation with insulin receptor-specific antibodies, and high-mannose glycosylation. Mature approximately 95 kDa phosphorylated beta-subunits were present in both LLA and WGA eluates. LLA also showed phosphorylated partially processed beta-subunits (approximately 85 kDa) and proreceptors (approximately 190 kDa). Proreceptors comprised less than 1% of the total yield of hepatic insulin receptors. The incorporation of 32P into proreceptors (per gram liver or DNA) was 4.7- or 4.5-fold greater in diabetic vs. control rats, whereas receptor labeling increased only 1.8- or 1.5-fold in diabetic rats. beta-Subunit autophosphorylation per receptor was identical in control and diabetic rats. The phosphorylation data suggested a diabetes-associated 2.6-fold increase in proreceptor-to-receptor ratios. When assessed by cross-linking with 125I-labeled insulin or by immunoblotting, proreceptor-to-receptor ratios were increased 1.5- and 3.1-fold, respectively, in diabetic rats. The data suggest that uncontrolled diabetes may alter insulin receptor processing.
Preparation of porous manganese hydroxide film and its application in supercapacitors (2007)

Preparation of a manganese hydroxide film by electrochemically induced deposition method is reported here. The morphology and crystal structure of the film have been investigated by scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction, respectively. The possible deposition mechanism of the film is also discussed. Moreover, the capacitive properties of the film have been evaluated by cyclic voltammetry and galvanostatic charge-discharge method. The results indicate that the morphology of the deposits depends on the amount and size of evolved H 2 bubbles, which can be adjusted by changing the composition of electrolyte and deposition current density. The capacitive properties of film are affected by the deposition parameters. The film prepared under the optimum deposition conditions shows excellent capacitive properties: high specific capacitance (493 F g -1 in 0.1 M Na 2 SΟ 4 aqueous solution from 0 to 1 V at a current density of I mA cm -2 ), high electrochemical reversibility and excellent long-term charge-discharge cycle stability (2.2% loss of the specific capacitance observed at the 2000 th cycle under the charge-discharge current density of 10 mA cm -2 ).
Photon-counting passive 3D image sensing and processing for automatic target recognition (2008)

In this paper we overview the nonlinear matched filtering for photon counting recognition with 3D passive sensing. The first and second order statistical properties of the nonlinear matched filtering can improve the recognition performance compared to the linear matched filtering. Automatic target reconstruction and recognition are addressed for partially occluded objects. The recognition performance is shown to be improved significantly in the reconstruction space. The discrimination capability is analyzed in terms of Fisher ratio (FR) and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves.
A Context-Aware Access Control Model for Pervasive Computing in Enterprise Environments (2008)

With the enterprise applications being integrated into the pervasive computing environment, the traditional access control models based on the identity of the user and object have not been suitable to the new requirements of dynamic access authorization to enterprise resources. In this paper, we integrate business and pervasive computing requirements in a single model by extending the Task-Role Based Access model to provide dynamic context-aware access control for pervasive computing in enterprise environments. Unlike traditional approaches for access control, access decisions in will depend on the combination of the required credentials of users, their working environment and context of tasks. It provides a simple and efficient solution to integrate the business applications such as workflow systems into pervasive computing environment.
Cellular versus viral microRNAs in host-virus interaction (2008)

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) mark a new paradigm of RNA-directed gene expression regulation in a wide spectrum of biological systems. These small non-coding RNAs can contribute to the repertoire of host-pathogen interactions during viral infection. This interplay has important consequences, both for the virus and the host. There have been reported evidences of host-cellular miRNAs modulating the expression of various viral genes, thereby playing a pivotal role in the host-pathogen interaction network. In the hide-and-seek game between the pathogens and the infected host, viruses have evolved highly sophisticated gene-silencing mechanisms to evade host-immune response. Recent reports indicate that virus too encode miRNAs that protect them against cellular antiviral response. Furthermore, they may exploit the cellular miRNA pathway to their own advantage. Nevertheless, our increasing knowledge of the host-virus interaction at the molecular level should lead us toward possible explanations to viral tropism, latency and oncogenesis along with the development of an effective, durable and nontoxic antiviral therapy. Here, we summarize the recent updates on miRNA-induced gene-silencing mechanism, modulating host-virus interactions with a glimpse of the miRNA-based antiviral therapy for near future.
Recommended practices in elevated temperature design: A compendium of breeder reactor experiences (1970-1986): An overview (1987)

Significant experiences have been accumulated in the establishment of design methods and criteria applicable to the design of Liquid Metal Fast Breeder Reactor (LMFBR) components. The Subcommittee of the Elevated Temperature Design under the Pressure Vessel Research Council (PVRC) has undertaken to collect, on an international basis, design experience gained, and the lessons learned, to provide guidelines for next generation advanced reactor designs. This paper shall present an overview and describe the highlights of the work.
AB-INITIO MOLECULAR DYNAMICS STUDIES OF MICROCLLJSTERS (1989)

The study of the structural and electronic properties of microclusters is a field of growing interest. Ab-initio molecular dynamics has provided a new and important tool for the theoretical approach to these questions. Here we present some very recent results on small semiconductor aggregates with special reference to calculations of equilibrium shapes and temperature effects. Results of simulations on alkali-metal microclusters are briefly mentioned.
Wavelength Conversion Using&gt;tex&lt;$N=2$&gt;/tex&lt;Soliton Decay and Recovery in Fiber, Initiated by Dispersion Steps (2004)

The decay of N=2 solitons, initiated by a step increase in dispersion, is demonstrated as a means of generating pulse pairs having wavelengths that are shifted to either side of the input wavelength. Varying the magnitude of the dispersion step controls the wavelength separation. Partial recovery of the original soliton is also demonstrated by using a reverse dispersion step at a farther location.
Issues and advances in high-frequency magnetics for switching power supplies (2001)

Magnetic components have been and will continue to be an essential element in power conversion and management circuits. Due to this pivotal role, magnetic components have seen continuous efforts to develop materials, winding structures, and manufacturing and assembly techniques toward the never ending goals of high efficiency, smaller size, and automated manufacturing. The authors present an up-to-date view as well as an outlook for the future covering the technologies that have enabled the advanced in magnetic components for power electronics in telecommunications. Finally, they also provide their view on emerging technologies in this field in line with broader developments in the telecommunications, electronics and semiconductor industries.
Is There a Place for Apheresis in Patients with Severe Sepsis or Multi Organ Dysfunction Syndrome? (2000)

Severe sepsis and multiorgan dysfunction syndrome may develop in the course of severe sepsis, intoxication, poisoning, crush injury, asystole, drowning, and several other complications. When normal intensive care is insufficient despite vasoactive drugs, respiratory aid, and dialysis, the risk for death is extremely high. Only very little benefit has been noted in various trials using drug administration such as antibodies against TNF-alfa, immunoglobulin, pentoxifylline and high dose steroids. The use of apheresis (plasma exchange, plasmapheresis, adsorption) to remove toxins, cytokines, and other compounds has been tried in an unselective as well as selective manner. Data now exists that indicate increased survival by this type of therapy. It is time to focus on randomised controlled trials with these techniques to decide the efficacy of apheresis in this area.
Demonstration of a chaotic optical message relay using DFB laser diodes (2005)

The demonstration of chaotic message relay using three chaotic distributed feedback diode lasers is reported. A 1-GHz message has been encoded in a chaotic carrier and relayed to a terminal receiver laser via a mediator laser. The message has been successfully extracted at both the mediator and receiver lasers. The message relay capability thereby demonstrated provides a key functionality for chaotic optical communication networks.
Detection of numerical and structural alterations and fusion of chromosomes 16 and 1 in low-grade papillary breast carcinoma by fluorescence in situ hybridization. (1997)

Intracystic papillary breast tumors, including intraductal papilloma and low-grade intracystic papillary carcinoma, constitute a group for which differential diagnosis is frequently difficult. We examined the status of chromosomes 16 and 1 by multicolor fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analyses and the DNA ploidy patterns by flow cytometry in 26 intracystic papillary tumors. Alterations of chromosomes 16 and 1 were detected by FISH in 93 and 85%, respectively, of 14 low-grade papillary carcinomas, and the latter alterations always concurred with the former. Two-color FISH using probes for the D1Z1 (1q12) and D16Z2 (16cen) loci or the D1Z1 and D16Z3 (16q11) loci showed that fusion of chromosomes 16 and 1, mostly with breakpoints distal to 16q11.2 and proximal to 1q12, occurred in 77% of the papillary carcinomas. DNA aneuploidy was detected in 6% of these carcinomas. No papilloma showed these chromosome alterations or DNA aneuploidy. Chromosome 16 and 1 fusions appeared to occur frequently in diploid breast carcinomas and to be involved in the acquisition of a malignant phenotype by duct epithelial cells. We suggest that two-color FISH methods for detecting 1;16 fusions might be applicable as supportive methods for the differential diagnosis of intracystic papillary breast tumors.
Transient cardiac expression of constitutively active Gαqleads to hypertrophy and dilated cardiomyopathy by calcineurin-dependent and independent pathways (1998)

Cardiac hypertrophy and dilatation can result from stimulation of signal transduction pathways mediated by heterotrimeric G proteins, especially Gq, whose alpha subunit activates phospholipase Cbeta (PLCbeta). We now report that transient, modest expression of a hemagglutinin (HA) epitope-tagged, constitutively active mutant of the Gq alpha subunit (HAalpha*q) in hearts of transgenic mice is sufficient to induce cardiac hypertrophy and dilatation that continue to progress after the initiating stimulus becomes undetectable. At 2 weeks, HAalpha*q protein is expressed at less than 50% of endogenous alphaq/11, and the transgenic hearts are essentially normal morphologically. Although HAalpha*q protein declines at 4 weeks and is undetectable by 10 weeks, the animals develop cardiac hypertrophy and dilatation and die between 8 and 30 weeks in heart failure. As the pathology develops, endogenous alphaq/11 rises (2.9-fold in atria; 1.8-fold in ventricles). At 2 weeks, basal PLC activity is increased 9- to 10-fold in atria but not ventricles. By 10 weeks, it is elevated in both, presumably because of the rise in endogenous alphaq/11. We conclude that the pathological changes initiated by early, transient HAalpha*q expression are maintained in part by compensatory changes in signal transduction and other pathways. Cyclosporin A (CsA) prevents hypertrophy caused by activation of calcineurin [Molkentin, J. D., Lu, J.-R., Antos, C. L., Markham, B., Richardson, J., Robbins, J., Grant, S. R. & Olson, E. N. (1998) Cell 93, 215-228]. Because HAalpha*q acts upstream of calcineurin, we hypothesized that HAalpha*q might initiate additional pathways leading to hypertrophy and dilatation. Treating HAalpha*q mice with CsA diminished some, but not all, aspects of the hypertrophic phenotype, suggesting that multiple pathways are involved.
Preoperative parameters that predict postoperative patient-reported outcome measures and range of motion with anatomic and reverse total shoulder arthroplasty (2019)

This study quantified the preoperative predictors of postoperative clinical outcome metric scores and ROM for both aTSA and rTSA. Numerous significant associations were identified, including demographic and comorbidity risk factors. These associations may be helpful for surgeons to consider when counseling patients regarding aTSA versus rTSA and to establish more accurate expectations prior to surgery.
Analysis of Stress-Driven Grain Boundary Diffusion. Part I (2004)

The stress-driven grain boundary diffusion problem is a continuum model of mass transport phenomena in microelectronic circuits due to high current densities (electromigration) and gradients in normal stress along grain boundaries. The model involves coupling many different equations and phenomena, and difficulties such as nonlocality, complex geometry, and singularities in the stress tensor have left open such mathematical questions as existence of solutions and compatibility of boundary conditions. In this paper and its companion, we address these issues and establish a firm mathematical foundation for this problem. We use techniques from semigroup theory to prove that the problemis well posed and that the stress field relaxes to a steady state distribution which, in the nondegenerate case, balances the electromigration force along grain boundaries. Our analysis shows that while the role of electromigration is important, it is the interplay among grain growth, stress generation, and mass transport that is responsible for the diffusive nature of the problem. Electromigration acts as a passive driving force that determines the steady state stress distribution, but it is not responsible for the dynamics that drive the system to steady state. We also show that stress singularities may develop near grain boundary junctions; however, stress components directly involved in the diffusion process remain finite for all time. Thus, we have identified a mechanism by which large "hidden" stresses may develop that are not directly involved in the diffusion process but may play a role in void nucleation and stress-induced damage.
THE COMMERCIAL POTENTIAL OF NEW DAIRY PRODUCTS FROM MEMBRANE TECHNOLOGY (2001)

Membrane filtration technologies are capable of creating entirely new, more functional food products. In this regard, potential new dairy products include high-protein, low-lactose fluid milk, high-protein, low-lactose ice cream, and non-far yogurt made with fewer stabilizers. An initial survey of membrane manufacturing companies determined the added cost to produce such functional food products to be two to six percent of the existing retail price for similar standard dairy products. A subsequent survey of milk processors found that the most likely adopters of such membrane technologies were yogurt manufacturers.
A molecular dynamics analysis of ion irradiation of ultrathin amorphous carbon films (2016)

Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations provide insight into nanoscale problems where continuum description breaks down, such as the modeling of ultrathin films. Amorphous carbon (a-C) films are commonly used as protective overcoats in various contemporary technologies, including microelectromechanical systems, bio-implantable devices, optical lenses, and hard-disk drives. In all of these technologies, the protective a-C film must be continuous and very thin. For example, to achieve high storage densities (e.g., on the order of 1 Tb/in.2) in magnetic recording, the thickness of the a-C film used to protect the magnetic media and the recording head against mechanical wear and corrosion must be 2–3 nm. Inert ion irradiation is an effective post-deposition method for reducing the film thickness, while preserving the mechanical and chemical characteristics. In this study, MD simulations of Ar+ ion irradiated a-C films were performed to elucidate the effects of the ion incidence angle and ion kinetic energy on the film thickness and structure. The MD results reveal that the film etching rate exhibits a strong dependence on the ion kinetic energy and ion incidence angle, with a maximum etching rate corresponding to an ion incidence angle of ∼20°. It is also shown that Ar+ ion irradiation mainly affects the structure of the upper half of the ultrathin a-C film and that carbon atom hybridization is a strong function of the ion kinetic energy and ion incidence angle. The results of this study elucidate the effects of important ion irradiation parameters on the structure and thickness of ultrathin films and provide fundamental insight into the physics of dry etching.
Aqueous Leachate from Western Red Cedar: Effects on Some Aquatic Organisms (1976)

Water-soluble extractives from western red cedar heartwood, bark, and foliage were investigated for their toxicity to aquatic organisms. The heartwood lignans and bark extractives were found to be moderately toxic, but the foliage terpenes and heartwood tropolones were more toxic, causing 50% mortality to coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) fry at 0.33 and 2.7 mg/liter, respectively. Tropolones were significantly less toxic to invertebrates than to free-swimming stages of the fish tested. Fry were found to be the stage of development of coho salmon (O. kisutch) most sensitive to the tropolones, and eyed eggs the least sensitive. Sensitivity of the coho fry to tropolones was moderated by previous sublethal exposure or the presence of a chelatable cation. Results from field studies and a leaching study indicate that directly releasing cedar leachate from landfills or allowing logging debris to enter streams should be avoided.
Facilitating the creation of IoT applications through conditional observations in CoAP (2013)

Abstract With the advent of IPv6, the world is getting ready to incorporate smart objects to the current Internet to realize the idea of Internet of Things. The biggest challenge faced is the resource constraint of the smart objects to directly utilize the existing standard protocols and applications. A number of initiatives are currently witnessed to resolve this situation. One of such initiatives is the introduction of Constrained Application Protocol. This protocol is developed to fit in the resource-constrained smart object with the ability to easily translate to the prominent representational state transfer implementation, hypertext transfer protocol (and vice versa). The protocol has several optional extensions, one of them being, resource observation. With resource observation, a client may ask a server to be notified every state change of the resource. However, in many applications, all state changes are not significant enough for the clients. Therefore, the client will have to decide whether to use a value sent by a server or not. This results in wastage of the already constrained resources (bandwidth, processing power,…). In this paper, we introduced an alternative to the normal resource observation function, named Conditional Observation, where clients tell the servers the criteria for notification. We evaluated the power consumption and number of packets transmitted between clients and servers by using different network sizes and number of servers. In all cases, we found out that the existing observe option results in excessive number of packets (most of them unimportant for the client) and higher power consumption. We also made an extensive theoretical evaluation of the two approaches which give consistent result with the results we got from experimentation.
Re: Closure of Critical Sized Defects with Allogeneic and Alloplastic Bone Substitutes. (2002)

Associate Professor of Plastic Surgery Indiana University School of Medicine Indianapolis, Indiana, USA [email protected]
Histidine-rich glycoprotein binds DNA and RNA and attenuates their capacity to activate the intrinsic coagulation pathway (2015)

When triggered by factor (F) XII and nucleic acids, we showed that thrombosis in HRG-deficient mice is accelerated compared with that in wild-type mice. In this study, we set out to identify the mechanisms by which nucleic acids promote contact activation, and to determine whether HRG attenuates their effects. DNA or RNA addition to human plasma enhances thrombin generation via the intrinsic pathway and shortens the clotting time. Their effect on the clotting time is seven- to 14-fold greater in HRG-deficient plasma than in control plasma. Investigations into the mechanisms of activation reveal that nucleic acids a) promote FXII activation in the presence of prekallikrein- and high molecular weight kininogen (HK), and b) enhance thrombin-mediated FXI activation by 10- to 12-fold. Surface plasmon resonance studies show that DNA and RNA bind FXII, FXIIa, HK, FXI, FXIa and thrombin with high affinity. HRG attenuates DNA- and RNA-mediated FXII activation, and FXI activation by FXIIa or by thrombin, suggesting that HRG down regulates the capacity of DNA and RNA to activate the intrinsic pathway. Therefore, HRG attenuates the procoagulant activity of nucleic acids at multiple levels.