gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Kinetics of coal gasification (1982)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTKinetics of coal gasificationMartin Schmal, Jose Luiz Fontes Monteiro, and Jorge Luiz CastellanCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. Process Des. Dev. 1982, 21, 2, 256–266Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1982Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1982https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/i200017a008https://doi.org/10.1021/i200017a008research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1044Altmetric-Citations48LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Climate threat on the Macaronesian endemic bryophyte flora (2016)

Oceanic islands are of fundamental importance for the conservation of biodiversity because they exhibit high endemism rates coupled with fast extinction rates. Nowhere in Europe is this pattern more conspicuous than in the Macaronesian biogeographic region. A large network of protected areas within the region has been developed, but the question of whether these areas will still be climatically suitable for the globally threatened endemic element in the coming decades remains open. Here, we make predictions on the fate of the Macaronesian endemic bryophyte flora in the context of ongoing climate change. The potential distribution of 35 Macaronesian endemic bryophyte species was assessed under present and future climate conditions using an ensemble modelling approach. Projections of the models under different climate change scenarios predicted an average decrease of suitable areas of 62-87% per species and a significant elevational increase by 2070, so that even the commonest species were predicted to fit either the Vulnerable or Endangered IUCN categories. Complete extinctions were foreseen for six of the studied Macaronesian endemic species. Given the uncertainty regarding the capacity of endemic species to track areas of suitable climate within and outside the islands, active management associated to an effective monitoring program is suggested.
Malignant melanoma and pregnancy (1985)

Confusion exists concerning the influence of pregnancy on survival in patients with malignant melanoma. To evaluate this problem a retrospective computer-aided study was performed of women in the child-bearing years treated for Stage I cutaneous melanoma at the Duke University Comprehensive Cancer Center. Fifty-eight women were identified who had melanoma arise during pregnancy (Group 1) and 43 patients were noted who became pregnant within 5 years of diagnosis of their melanoma (Group 2). Appropriate control groups matched for the clinical variables of age, primary site, and stage of disease and the pathologic variables of Clark's Level, tumor thickness, ulceration, and histologic type were selected from the cohort of 2938 melanoma patients seen at Duke. Actuarial survivals for Group 1 and 2 patients did not differ from their respective controls, although the small number of deaths in each group resulted in wide confidence intervals. When actuarial disease-free intervals were plotted, there was a significant difference between women who had melanoma develop during pregnancy when compared to their controls (P = 0.04). In a multivariate regression analysis, after adjustment for the influence of the more significant prognostic factors for Stage 1 melanoma, including Clark's Level, ulceration and tumor thickness, the effect of pregnancy on disease-free interval became more apparent (P = 0.02). No difference in actuarial disease-free interval was noted in the melanoma patients who elected to become pregnant within 5 years of diagnosis (P = 0.31). A multivariate regression analysis confirmed this finding. These data indicate that although an intercurrent melanoma during pregnancy has a worse prognosis than the control groups, once a woman has been diagnosed as having a cutaneous melanoma, a subsequent pregnancy has no effect on recurrence rate or survival.
The Art of Creating Attractive Consumer Experiences at the Right Time: Skills Marketers Will Need to Survive and Thrive (2016)

Abstract New technologies have made today’s marketing faster, more mobile, more location-based, more digital, more virtual, and more automatized than ever. In this new world, marketers need to be “real-time relevant” – to gain awareness, to change perceptions and to spur action. They need to have their content in the right channel, format, time and context – from a consumer’s perspective. Only then do they at least have a chance of the consumer attending to the information and being influenced by it. In such an environment new skills and competences are required. The amount of available data has virtually exploded. To gain any perspective or apparent “control” in these environments, successful managers must embrace the complexity and learn to analyze, integrate and interpret all this data. A critical skill for marketers will be to identify the metrics that best reflect the desired outcomes of the organization and that sufficiently reflect specific indicators of critical processes. Furthermore, insights from other disciplines such as architecture, design, information-processing, biology or engineering will be important for creating customer experiences. The marketer of the future will need to be supremely curious and creative and to balance and integrate different worlds. It will all come down to delivering memorable and lasting experiences in a constantly and fast changing environment.
Thermodynamic properties of metastable Ag-Cu alloys (1993)

The enthalpies of formation of metastable fcc Ag-Cu solid solutions, produced by ball milling of elemental powders, were determined by differential scanning calorimetry. Experimental thermodynamic data for these metastable alloys and for the equilibrium phases are compared with both calculation of phase diagrams (CALPHAD) and atomistic simulation predictions. The atomistic simulations were performed using the free-energy minimization method (FEMM). The FEMM determination of the equilibrium Ag-Cu phase diagram and the enthalpy of formation and lattice parameters of the metastable solid solutions are in good agreement with the experimental measurements. CALPHAD calculations made in the same metastable regime, however, significantly overestimate the enthalpy of formation. Thus, the FEMM is a viable alternative approach for the calculation of thermodynamic properties of equilibrium and metastable phases, provided reliable interatomic potentials are available. The FEMM is also capable of determining such properties as the lattice parameter which are not available from CALPHAD calculations.
A cubesat mission concept for the remote sensing of the Martian atmosphere (2020)

The atmospheric measurements made by the six Mars orbiters in operation (as of July 2020) significantly improved our understanding of the Martian weather and climate. However, while some of these orbiters will reach their lifetime, innovative and cost-effective missions are requested - not only to guarantee continued observation but also to address potential gaps in the existing observing network. Inspired by the success of the two Mars Cube One (MarCO) satellites we have established a mission concept, which is based on a series of cubesats, carried to Mars and injected into a low-Mars orbit as secondary payload on a larger orbiter. Each cubesat will be equipped with the necessary features for cross-link radio occultation (RO) measurements in X-band. Intelligent attitude control will allow for maintaining the cubesats in a so-called “string-of-pearls” formation over a period of about 150 solar days. During this period, a series of RO experiments will be carried out with the larger orbiter for up to 180 measurement series per day. Due to the specific observation geometry, we will obtain a unique set of globally distributed cross-link occultations. For processing of the observations, tomographic principles are applied to the RO measurements for reconstruction of high-resolution 2D temperature and pressure fields of the lower Martian atmosphere. The obtained products will give an insight into various unresolved atmospheric phenomena - especially of those which are characterized by distinct horizontal gradients in pressure and temperature, e.g. as observed at the day-night terminator, during dust storms, or over complex terrain.
Heterocyclic Volatiles Formed by Heating Cysteine or Hydrogen Sulfide with 4-Hydroxy-5-methyl-3(2H)-furanone at pH 6.5 (2001)

The reaction of 4-hydroxy-5-methyl-3(2H)-furanone (HMF) with cysteine or hydrogen sulfide at pH 6.5 for 60 min at 140 degrees C produced complex mixtures of volatile compounds, the majority of these containing either sulfur or nitrogen. Of the 68 compounds detected, 63 were identified, some tentatively, by GC-MS. Among the identified compounds were thiophenes (10), thiophenones (6), thienothiophenes (5), thiazoles (5), trithiolanes (4), pyrazines (6), and oxazoles (4). More compounds were produced in the reaction of HMF with cysteine (63) than were formed in the reaction with hydrogen sulfide (33). In both systems, thiophenones were major reaction products, accounting for 25-36% of the total volatiles formed. Possible reasons for the differences in the composition of the two systems are discussed. The contributions of these reactions, and their products, to the flavor of heated foods are considered.
Bidirectional reaction steps in metabolic networks: II. Flux estimation and statistical analysis (1997)

Metabolic carbon labelling experiments enable a large amount of extracellular fluxes and intracellular carbon isotope enrichments to be measured. Since the relation between the measured quantities and the unknown intracellular metabolic fluxes is given by bilinear balance equations, flux determination from this data set requires the numerical solution of a nonlinear inverse problem. To this end, a general algorithm for flux estimation from metabolic carbon labelling experiments based on the least squares approach is developed in this contribution and complemented by appropriate tools for statistical analysis. The linearization technique usually applied for the computation of nonlinear confidence regions is shown to be inappropriate in the case of large exchange fluxes. For this reason a sophisticated compactification transformation technique for nonlinear statistical analysis is developed. Statistical analysis is then performed by computing appropriate statistical quality measures like output sensitivities, parameter sensitivities and the parameter covariance matrix. This allows one to determine the order of magnitude of exchange fluxes in most practical situations. An application study with a large data set from lysine-producing Corynebacterium glutamicum demonstrates the power and limitations of the carbon-labelling technique. It is shown that all intracellular fluxes in central metabolism can be quantitated without assumptions on intracellular energy yields. At the same time several exchange fluxes are determined which is invaluable information for metabolic engineering.
Ablation characteristics of quantum square pulse mode dental erbium laser (2016)

Erbium lasers are by now an accepted tool for performing ablative medical procedures, especially when minimal invasiveness is desired. Ideally, a minimally invasive laser cutting procedure should be fast and precise, and with minimal pain and thermal side effects. All these characteristics are significantly influenced by laser pulse duration, albeit not in the same manner. For example, high cutting efficacy and low heat deposition are characteristics of short pulses, while vibrations and ejected debris screening are less pronounced at longer pulse durations. We report on a study of ablation characteristics on dental enamel and cementum, of a chopped-pulse Er:YAG [quantum square pulse (QSP)] mode, which was designed to reduce debris screening during an ablation process. It is shown that in comparison to other studied standard Er:YAG and Er,Cr:YSGG laser pulse duration modes, the QSP mode exhibits the highest ablation drilling efficacy with lowest heat deposition and reduced vibrations, demonstrating that debris screening has a considerable influence on the ablation process. By measuring single-pulse ablation depths, we also show that tissue desiccation during the consecutive delivery of laser pulses leads to a significant reduction of the intrinsic ablation efficacy that cannot be fully restored under clinical settings by rehydrating the tooth using an external water spray.
Risk profile of cumulative trauma disorders of the arm and hand in the U.S. mining industry (1992)

A review of all upper extremity cumulative trauma disorder (UECTD) injuries was conducted by the US Bureau of Mines for 1985 through 1989. This review was performed by analyzing each injury, as reported by law and maintained on the US Mine Safety and Health Administration's accident data base. This analysis found that incidence rates in mining were lower than in private sector industry, although the number of reported UECTD injuries increased sevenfold and their percentage of all mining injuries increased fivefold from 1985 and 1989. Metal-nonmetal mines accounted for 80 pct of UECTD injuries, while coal mines accounted for 20 pct. Nearly 63 pct of UECTD injuries were accounted for by only four occupations -- mechanics, laborers, boney (crusher) operators, and miners not elsewhere classified (NEC) -- with an incidence rate well above the private sector industry rate.
Analytical modeling of the acoustic field during a Direct Field Acoustic Test. (2011)

The acoustic field generated during a Direct Field Acoustic Test (DFAT) has been analytically modeled in two space dimensions using a properly phased distribution of propagating plane waves. Both the pure-tone and broadband acoustic field were qualitatively and quantitatively compared to a diffuse acoustic field. The modeling indicates significant non-uniformity of sound pressure level for an empty (no test article) DFAT, specifically a center peak and concentric maxima/minima rings. This spatial variation is due to the equivalent phase among all propagating plane waves at each frequency. Predicted spatial variation is shown to agree well with experimental measurements. The excitation of a simply supported slender beam immersed within the acoustic fields was also analytically modeled. Results indicate that mid-span response is dependent on location and orientation of the beam relative to the center of the DFAT acoustic field. For a diffuse acoustic field, due to its spatial uniformity, mid-span response sensitivity to location and orientation is nonexistent. Extension of the modeling to three space dimensions and numerical methods is underway.
Eliciting Customary Law (2006)

Noel Pearson's notion of the ‘Recognition Space’ between Aboriginal and Euro-Australian law accounts for a region of conjuncture between them. It does not, in anthropological terms, account for the more comprehensive and ongoing elicitation of Aboriginal law and custom by the Australian judicial establishment nor does it allow for the dependence of customary law on the presence of a state culture for such elicitation. Using comparative examples from elsewhere in the world at different historical periods, I argue, as have Béteille (1998 Béteille, A. 1998. ‘The idea of Indigenous people’. Current Anthropology, 39(2): 187–91. [Crossref], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]) and Filer (this volume), that ‘customary law’ is an artefact of colonial and state regimes of administration of the indigenous and I make some tentative observations on the contrast between legal and anthropological perspectives on such administration as a cultural process.
THE KINETICS OF REACTION BETWEEN L-CYSTEINE HYDROCHLORIDE AND SOME MALEIMIDES (1964)

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A greedy forward-backward algorithm for atomic norm constrained minimization (2013)

In many applications in signal and image processing, communications, and system identification, one aims to recover a signal that has a simple representation in a given basis or frame. Key devices for obtaining such representations are objects called atoms, and functions called atomic norms. These concepts unify the idea of simple representations across several known applications, and motivate extensions to new problem classes of interest. In important special cases, fast and efficient algorithms are available to solve the reconstruction problems, but an approach that works well for the general atomic-norm paradigm has not been forthcoming to date. In this paper, we combine a greedy selection scheme with a backward step that sparsifies the basis by removing less significant elements that were included at earlier iterations. We show that the overall scheme achieves the same convergence rate as the forward greedy scheme alone, provided that backward steps are taken only when they do not degrade the solution quality too badly. Finally, we validate our method by describing applications to three problems of interest.
Micro-orchestrating differentiation in cancer (2010)

Differentiation involves repression of genes governing proliferation and self-renewal, and transcriptional activation of lineage-specific genes. The mechanisms underlying these changes are epigenetic. In cancer cells differentiation genes are locked into a transcriptionally inactive state. Recent results show that in spite of the diversity of the genetic lesions leading to a cancerous phenotype, it may still be possible to release this block and to force differentiation. The key may be microRNAs (miRNAs) which directly or indirectly target epigenetic modifiers. These miRNAs could allow to apply to solid tumors the non-toxic differentiative approach currently adopted in some haematologic malignancies.
Adaptive quarter-pel motion estimation and motion vector coding algorithm for the H.264/AVC standard (2009)

We present an adaptive quarter-pel (Qpel) motion estimation (ME) method for H.264/AVC. Instead of applying Qpel ME to all macroblocks (MBs), the proposed method selectively performs Qpel ME in an MB level. In order to reduce the bit rate, we also propose a motion vector (MV) encoding technique that adaptively selects a different variable length coding (VLC) table according to the accuracy of the MV. Experimental results show that the proposed method can achieve about 3% average bit rate reduction.
Complex Baseband Predistorters for Nonlinear Wideband RF Power Amplifiers (2006)

RF power amplifiers (PA) of wireless communication systems are usually driven in their nonlinear region to obtain a higher efficiency. The price paid for the increased efficiency is the distortion of the transmission signal. To fulfill a given spectral mask for the transmission signal and to avoid an unacceptable high bit-error rate on the receiver side, the amplifier must be linearized. If wideband signals as WCDMA or OFDM are used, static nonlinear predistorters are in general not sufficient to obtain the required performance. For this reason, we consider the most general nonlinear system, described by a complex baseband Volterra series, as a starting point for our investigations. Although Volterra series provides the best performance, a serious drawback is the huge number of free parameters and the high implementational complexity. Therefore we reduce the complex baseband Volterra system (43 parameter) to a complex baseband system with a lower complexity (11 parameter) and apply the developed predistorters to a physical 2.2-GHz 90-W Class AB RF power amplifier. Although we have reduced the number of parameters dramatically, the spectral performance is comparable to the full Volterra predistorter.
Na2Ti3O7 Nanoplatelets and Nanosheets Derived from a Modified Exfoliation Process for Use as a High-Capacity Sodium-Ion Negative Electrode (2016)

The increasing interest in Na-ion batteries (NIBs) can be traced to sodium abundance, its low cost compared to lithium, and its intercalation chemistry being similar to that of lithium. We report that the electrochemical properties of a promising negative electrode material, Na<sub>2</sub>Ti<sub>3</sub>O<sub>7</sub>, are improved by exfoliating its layered structure and forming 2D nanoscale morphologies, nanoplatelets, and nanosheets. Exfoliation of Na<sub>2</sub>Ti<sub>3</sub>O<sub>7</sub> was carried out by controlling the amount of proton exchange for Na<sup>+</sup> and then proceeding with the intercalation of larger cations such as methylammonium and propylammonium. An optimized mixture of nanoplatelets and nanosheets exhibited the best electrochemical performance in terms of high capacities in the range of 100-150 mA h g<sup>-1</sup> at high rates with stable cycling over several hundred cycles. These properties far exceed those of the corresponding bulk material, which is characterized by slow charge-storage kinetics and poor long-term stability. The results reported in this study demonstrate that charge-storage processes directed at 2D morphologies of surfaces and few layers of sheets are an exciting direction for improving the energy and power density of electrode materials for NIBs.