gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
DT : a detection tool to automatically detect code smell in software project (2016)

Context: Code smell can make the decline of code quality.Code smell is not a bug, and also can't make system to run exceptionally.It just can make some difficulties for software developers to understand and maintain the source code of projects, and then cause unnecessary maintenance costs.Objective: We try to more accurately detect code smell.Method: We put forward our smell detection tool: DT for short.We use DT to detect eleven code smells through detecting two kinds of projects: lab project, industrial project.Result: We get good results by using our Smell Detection Tool (DT), comparing with some famous detection tools: Checkstyle, PMD, JDeodorant and iPlasma.Conclusion: Our method Smell Detection Tool (DT) can be used to detect 11 kinds of code smell, In the future, we will go on detecting more code smells that can't be detected, and then do a survey about code smell among the software developers and maintainers. 1.IntroductionCode smell is an irrationality of code of software projects.They impede the evolution of code, so that they will result in an aftereffect that software developers pay more costs on maintenance.For detecting code smell, researchers develop detection tool to detect code smell automatically in source code of project.Among these detection tools, there are some famous detection tools: Checkstyle 1 , Infusion 2 , iPlasma [1], PMD [2], JDeodorant [3] InFusion, Stench Blossom and so on.Most detection tools can detect three or four code smells.The other parts of paper are as follows: Section 2 describes the related work.The Detection Theory is informed in Section 3. Experiment & Discussion is shown in Section 4. Section 5 comes to a conclusion and future work.
Surface Treatment Influence on the Mechanical Behavior of Jute Fiber Reinforced Composites (2011)

In this study, Jute fibers reinforced polypropylene (JFRP) composites were manufactured by injection molding technique. Prior to fabrication of composites, fiber surface was treated by Alkali and Plasma for a rise in fibers properties. Furthermore, after the alkali treatment attempt plasma treatment for the fiber surface treatment to obtain a batter value. In order to improve the affinity and adhesion between fibers and thermoplastic matrices during manufacturing, Maleic anhydride (MA) as a coupling agent have been employed. Untreated and treated surfaces of jute fibers were characterized using SEM. Tensile and flexural tests were carried out to evaluate the composite mechanical properties. Tensile test indicated that 3% of the alkali treatment and 2min plasma treatment fiber has highest tensile strength.
Shameful Venality: The Pierce-Wallace Controversy and the Election of 1896 (1990)

SHAMEFUL VENALITY IT IS NOT altogether uncommon for elec tion campaigns to deteriorate into little more than acute instances of mutual char acter defamation.Such was the case in Iowa during the presidential campaign of 1896.Numerous accusations of bribery, fraud, and libel were hurled back and forth, but not between presidential candidates William McKinley and William Jennings Bryan.Rather this vicious battle involved Iowa's two most influential agricultural press leaders: James M Pierce, who controlled the editorial policy of the Iowa Homestead; and Henry Wallace, edi tor and part-owner of Wallaces Farmer and Dairyman.The election of 1896 provided the opportunity for the most antagonistic install ment in an ongoing war of character defamation between Pierce and Wallace -a conflict played out in the pages of the Homestead, Wal~ laces* Farmer and Dairyman, and the news papers of Des Moines.Originally the two men had been associates on the same publication.Wallace was a Penn sylvania-born
Results of Combined Investigations of Domanic Formation with Continuous Thermal Core Profiling (2017)

Summary For the first time, a detailed study of thermal properties (thermal conductivity, volumetric heat capacity, thermal anisotropy and heterogeneity coefficients) of Domanic formation rocks was carried out using the method of continuous non-contact thermal core profiling. Results of the study showed that core samples of Domanic formation are characterized by significant multi-scale heterogeneity and anisotropy. Based on the results of thermal conductivity profiling, continuous high-resolution (1 mm) profiles of total organic carbon (TOC) were obtained, that significantly extended and enriched the results of pyrolysis. Close correlations between thermal conductivity and density, thermal conductivity and sonic velocities were established with the use of well logging data. It allows predicting of rock mechanical properties without core destruction independently of sonic logging data quality (wellbore walls condition, etc.). Detailed profiles of geomechanical properties were reconstructed through established correlations and successfully compared with results of sonic logging along a studied section of Domanic formation. Conducted study shows that combination of traditional study and express high-resolution non-contact thermal core profiling makes it possible to optimize sample collection for laboratory study and characterize formation by high-resolution profiles of different properties of Domanic formation rocks.
Suppression of Damping off on Pepper Caused by Pythium ultimum Trow and Rhizoctonia solani Kühn by Some New Antagonists in Comparison with Trichoderma harzianum Rifai (1989)

Abstract Pot experiments were designed to evaluate the efficacy of Streptomyces nobilis, S. ochraceiscleroticus, Neocosmospora vasmfecta var. Africana and Acrophialophora levis isolates in reducing the damping‐off on pepper in comparison with a strong mycoparasitic isolate of Trichoderma harzianum . Two pathogenic and five potential antagonistic isolates were grown seperately m flasks containing a mixture of sand‐perlite‐corn meal and potato‐sucrose broth for 4 weeks. Soil infestation was achieved by mixing these stock cultures separately into the pot soils. Disease incidence was expressed as the percentages of dead seedlings in each pot and the protective values of the antagonists were calculated according to Abbott formula. Results indicated that all of the five test isolates have provided the seedhngs with protection of statistical value against Pythium uhimum and Rhizocionia solani reducing disease incidence between 28.14 to 79.14 % and 22.76 to 66.83 %, respectively. However, T. harzianum isolate proved to be the least effective antagonist against both pathogens.
Effect of 2'-deoxy-2'-(fluoromethylene) cytidine on the ultraviolet and X-ray sensitivity of HeLa cells. (1994)

The effects of treatment of HeLa cells with the antitumor nucleoside analog 2'-deoxy-2'-(fluoromethylene) cytidine (FMdC) on ultraviolet and X-ray sensitivity were examined. A 1-h pretreatment with FMdC increased cellular sensitivity to both X-rays and ultraviolet irradiation as determined by survival curve analysis. Increased sensitivity to killing was accompanied by a clear reduction in the rate and extent of X-ray-induced DNA strand break repair and in the closure of excision repair-dependent DNA breaks following ultraviolet irradiation. These studies demonstrate that FMdC treatment compromises the repair of both ionizing ("short-patch") and nonionizing ("long-patch") DNA damage. The mechanism by which this is likely to occur is discussed. Based on these findings, it is likely that FMdC, in addition to possessing inherent antitumor activity, might provide additional antineoplastic benefit when administered in combination therapies with radiation.
La calidad de la democracia paraguaya: un avance sobre caminos tortuosos (2011)

En el marco de una preocupación cada vez mayor por analizar la calidad de las nuevas democracias, este artículo se ocupa de examinar el caso de Paraguay. Se trata de una democracia poco atendida en la literatura especializada aunque su interés está creciendo como consecuencia de la derrota electoral del Partido Colorado (en el poder desde 1947) en las presidenciales de abril de 2008. Para llevar a cabo este trabajo, se parte de una reflexión teórica y metodológica en torno a la noción y la medición empírica de la calidad democrática. Al realizar el análisis de la democracia paraguaya se atiende a cinco dimensiones fundamentales: derechos políticos y libertades civiles, Estado de Derecho, rendición de cuentas, responsiveness y participación. La conclusión general es que es una democracia de baja calidad, distanciada del promedio latinoamericano. Para explicar este bajo nivel de calidad democrática se presta atención a tres tipos de explicaciones, que están relacionadas: unas referentes a la estructura socioeconómica del país, otras a las características de sus instituciones políticas (sobre todo, la relevancia del clientelismo) y, finalmente, otras relativas a los intereses y estrategias de los partidos políticos.
Beta2-Adaptin Binds Actopaxin and Regulates Cell Spreading, Migration and Matrix Degradation (2012)

Cell adhesion to the extracellular matrix is a key event in cell migration and invasion and endocytic trafficking of adhesion receptors and signaling proteins plays a major role in regulating these processes. Beta2-adaptin is a subunit of the AP-2 complex and is involved in clathrin-mediated endocytosis. Herein, β2-adaptin is shown to bind to the focal adhesion protein actopaxin and localize to focal adhesions during cells spreading in an actopaxin dependent manner. Furthermore, β2-adaptin is enriched in adhesions at the leading edge of migrating cells and depletion of β2-adaptin by RNAi increases cell spreading and inhibits directional cell migration via a loss of cellular polarity. Knockdown of β2-adaptin in both U2OS osteosarcoma cells and MCF10A normal breast epithelial cells promotes the formation of matrix degrading invadopodia, adhesion structures linked to invasive migration in cancer cells. These data therefore suggest that actopaxin-dependent recruitment of the AP-2 complex, via an interaction with β2-adaptin, to focal adhesions mediates cell polarity and migration and that β2-adaptin may control the balance between the formation of normal cell adhesions and invasive adhesion structures.
Nanopore Detection of 8-Oxo-7,8-dihydro-2′-deoxyguanosine in Immobilized Single-Stranded DNA via Adduct Formation to the DNA Damage Site (2010)

The ability to detect DNA damage within the context of the surrounding sequence is an important goal in medical diagnosis and therapies, but there are no satisfactory methods available to detect a damaged base while providing sequence information. One of the most common base lesions is 8-oxo-7,8-dihydroguanine, which occurs during oxidation of guanine. In the work presented here, we demonstrate the detection of a single oxidative damage site using ion channel nanopore methods employing α-hemolysin. Hydantoin lesions produced from further oxidation of 8-oxo-7,8-dihydroguanine, as well as spirocyclic adducts produced from covalently attaching a primary amine to the spiroiminodihydantoin lesion, were detected by tethering the damaged DNA to streptavidin via a biotin linkage and capturing the DNA inside an α-hemolysin ion channel. Spirocyclic adducts, in both homo- and heteropolymer background single-stranded DNA sequences, produced current blockage levels differing by almost 10% from those of native base current blockage levels. These preliminary studies show the applicability of ion channel recordings not only for DNA sequencing, which has recently received much attention, but also for detecting DNA damage, which will be an important component to any sequencing efforts.
Rare-Earth Quinolinates:  Infrared-Emitting Molecular Materials with a Rich Structural Chemistry (2004)

Near-infrared-emitting rare-earth chelates based on 8-hydroxyquinoline have appeared frequently in recent literature, because they are promising candidates for active components in near-infrared-luminescent optical devices, such as optical amplifiers, organic light-emitting diodes, .... Unfortunately, the absence of a full structural investigation of these rare-earth quinolinates is hampering the further development of rare-earth quinolinate based materials, because the luminescence output cannot be related to the structural properties. After an elaborate structural elucidation of the rare-earth quinolinate chemistry we can conclude that basically three types of structures can be formed, depending on the reaction conditions: tris complexes, corresponding to a 1:3 metal-to-ligand ratio, tetrakis complexes, corresponding to a 1:4 metal-to-ligand ratio, and trimeric complexes, with a 3:8 metal-to-ligand ratio. The intensity of the emitted near-infrared luminescence of the erbium(III) complexes is highest for the tetrakis complexes of the dihalogenated 8-hydroxyquinolinates.
P-202 (2012)

Department of Environmental Hygiene, Federal Environment Agency, Germany, [email protected] Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Germany Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Germany
Sustained and Distinctive Patterns of Gene Activation in Synovial Fibroblasts and Whole Synovial Tissue Obtained from Inflammatory Synovitis (1994)

Fibroblastoid synovial lining cells isolated from rheumatoid and other chronic inflammatory synovial tissue exhibit distinctive and sustained alterations in serial culture not commonly found in similarly cultured cells from osteoarthritic synovium. These are demonstrable using a multi‐gene dot blot assay by labelling reverse transcribed fibroblast cDNA which is hybridized to plasmids containing relevant target gene inserts. Cultured synovial fibroblastoid cells from patients with chronic inflammatory synovitis expressed significantly higher levels of stromelysin, vimentin and TIMP‐1 mRNA and lower levels of c‐ myc compared to cells isolated from osteoarthritis synovium although with considerable variation. Early fetal synovial lining cells were similar to cells from osteoarthritis synovium but vimentin expression was higher. Marked differences in patterns of gene expression between cell lines persisted through 10 serial passages over 6–8 months. In whole synovia, the average level of mRNA for stromelysin, vimentin, IL‐4, IL‐6, TIMP‐1, cathepsin D, gelatinase, TGFα, c‐ fms and DRβ were preferentially expressed in inflammatory tissue while c‐ myc expression was higher in osteoarthritis synovium. Inflammatory synovium also expressed TNFα, IL‐1α, IL‐1β, IL‐2, c‐ sis , tissue plasminogen activator, CSF‐1, and GM‐CSF. This pattern resembles, in part, that found in cultured inflammatory fibroblasts but, in addition., gene products apparently reflecting the presence of activated monocytes and lymphocytes were detected. These results provide evidence that profiles of certain gene activation in cells from patients with inflammatory synovitis differ from those with non‐inflammatory disease and suggest that the fibroblastoid cells are responsible for a considerable proportion of the altered phenotypic expression pattern in whole tissue. Furthermore, this modulated pattern of gene activation appears to be an intrinsic pro‐inflammatory characteristic of the fibroblastoid cells initiated in response to chronic inflammation and persists for a prolonged period in the absence of other inflammatory cells.
Purification and Enzymatic Properties of Endo-α1,2-Mannosidase from Pig Liver Involved in Oligosaccharide Processing (1996)

An endo-alpha 1,2-mannosidase, which is involved in N-linked oligosaccharide processing, has been purified to homogeneity from crude pig liver microsomes using conventional techniques. Two catalytically active polypeptides, of 48 kDa, have been isolated which degrade [14C]Glc3-1-Man9,-GlcNAc2 to [14C]Glc3-1-Man and a specific Man8-GlcNAc2 isomer. They are not, however, active on synthetic alpha-mannosides. [14C]Glc1-Man9-GlcNAc2 was found to be approximately sevenfold more rapidly hydrolyzed than the [14C]Glc2- and [14C]Glc3-homologues. The 48 kDa and 50 kDa proteins are not N-glycosylated and ran on Superdex 75 as monomers. Kinetic studies showed that these proteins had similar catalytic properties: (i) the pH optima were found to be close to 6.5; (ii) neither activity was metal ion dependent; (iii) hydrolysis of [14C]Glc3-Man9-GlcNAc2 was inhibited strongly by Glc-alpha 1,3-Man (app. Ki approximately 120 microM), but not by 1-deoxymannojirimycin or swainsonine. Other evidence, including immunological data, strongly suggests that the 48 kDa and 50 kDa polypeptides are proteolytic degradation products of a single endo-alpha 1,2-mannosidase, rather than distinct subunits of an oligomeric complex. Possible functions of the endo-alpha 1,2-mannosidase in N-linked oligosaccharide processing are discussed.
Tankers and Transloading: Making the Most of Dual Role Tankers (2007)

The purpose of this research is to take a high level look at the potential impact of using available untasked tankers to augment transload operations.
The μ Opioid Agonist Morphine Modulates Potentiation of Capsaicin-Evoked TRPV1 Responses through a Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinase a Pathway (2006)

The results presented here indicate that the opioid receptor agonist morphine acts via inhibition of adenylate cyclase to inhibit PKA-potentiated TRPV1 responses. Targeting of peripheral opioid receptors may therefore have therapeutic potential as an intervention to prevent potentiation of TRPV1 responses through the PKA pathway in inflammation.
Synthesis of Tetrahydro-1,4-Benzodiazepine-2-ones on Hydrophilic Polyamide SynPhase Lanterns (2003)

Solid-phase synthesis is greatly dependent on the solid support. Here, we report the use of a new hydrophilic grafted surface on SynPhase lanterns in solid-phase organic chemistry. A convenient and facile solid-phase synthesis of disubstituted 1,4-benzodiazepine-2-ones on polyamide SynPhase lanterns is described. The key step of the synthesis involved a reduction-cyclization of a nitroaryl methyl ester with a mixture of tin(II) chloride dihydrate and ammonium acetate in water and ethanol at elevated temperature to give the desired target compounds. A library of 21 disubstituted 1,4-benzodiazepine-2-ones was prepared.
Launch Vehicles (2011)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Basic Launch Vehicle Performance and Operation Spacecraft Launch Phases and Mission Planning The Ariane 5 Launch Vehicle US Crewed Launch Systems Small Launchers and Reusable Sub-Orbital Vehicles Re-Entry into Earth's Atmosphere Specific Launch Costs and Reliability
Performance of Low-Dark-Current 4H-SiC Avalanche Photodiodes With Thin Multiplication Layer (2006)

The authors report on the fabrication and performance of low-dark-current 4H-SiC avalanche photodiodes with a thin 180-nm-thick p <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-</sup> multiplication layer. At a photocurrent gain M of 1000, the dark current of a 100-mum-diameter device was 35 pA (0.44 muA/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> ). The peak unity-gain responsivity was 100 mA/W (external quantum efficiency=46%) at lambda=268 nm, and at high gain, a responsivity greater than 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">7</sup> A/W was achieved. The excess noise factor corresponds to k=0.12. Time-domain pulse measurements indicate an RC-limited unity-gain bandwidth of 300 MHz
Which Polarimetric Variables Are Important for Weather/No-Weather Discrimination? (2015)

Abstract Recently, a radar data quality control algorithm has been devised to discriminate between weather echoes and echoes due to nonmeteorological phenomena, such as bioscatter, instrument artifacts, and ground clutter (Lakshmanan et al.), using the values of polarimetric moments at and around a range gate. Because the algorithm was created by optimizing its weights over a large reference dataset, statistical methods can be employed to examine the importance of the different variables in the context of discriminating between weather and no-weather echoes. Among the variables studied for their impact on the ability to identify and censor nonmeteorological artifacts from weather radar data, the method of successive permutations ranks the variance of Zdr, the reflectivity structure of the virtual volume scan, and the range derivative of the differential phase on propagation [PhiDP (Kdp)] as the most important. The same statistical framework can be used to study the impact of calibration errors in variables such as Zdr. The effects of Zdr calibration errors were found to be negligible.
Data for: Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of novel 3-substituted pyrazolopyrimidine derivatives as potent Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) inhibitors (2018)

Supplementary data include: 1. Synthetic route and general procedure for the synthesis of the title compounds 2. 1H NMR and MS spectrometry for typical title compounds
A Novel Method for Detecting Association Between DNA Methylation and Diseases Using Spatial Information (2014)

DNA methylation may represent an important contributor to the missing heritability described in complex trait genetics. However, technology to measure DNA methylation has outpaced statistical methods for analysis. Taking advantage of the recent finding that methylated sites cluster together, we propose a Spatial Clustering Method (SCM) to detect differentially methylated regions (DMRs) in the genome in case and control studies using spatial location information. This new method compares the distribution of distances in cases and controls between DNA methylation marks in the genomic region of interest. A statistic is computed based on these distances. Proper type I error rate is maintained and statistical significance is evaluated using permutation test. The effectiveness of the SCM we propose is evaluated by a simulation study. By simulating a simple disease model, we demonstrate that SCM has good power to detect DMRs associated with the disease. Finally, we applied the SCM to an exploratory analysis of chromosome 14 from a colorectal cancer data set and identified statistically significant genomic regions. Identification of these regions should lead to a better understanding of methylated sites and their contribution to disease. The SCM can be used as a reliable statistical method for the identification of DMRs associated with disease states in exploratory epigenetic analyses.
Incorporating Research Experiences into an Introductory Materials Science Course (2015)

This study investigated whether the inclusion of a student-centered research component in an introductory materials science courseresulted in a larger knowledge gain relative to traditional pedagogies. The redesigned course was taught in five different sections,over three academic years, at one of the largest public university, namely Texas A&M. Gains in conceptual understanding werequantified by comparing pre- and post-course completion Materials Concept Inventory (MCI) scores. Pre- and post- PittsburghEngineering Attitudes Scale—Revised (PEAS-R) was used to measure the impact of redesign course on student attitudes towardsengineering. Additionally, a post hoc survey was conducted to collect students’ opinions on research experiences at the end ofsemester. Students in the redesigned class demonstrated higher knowledge gain on the MCI relative to traditional lectures,consistent with previous studies that examined the effect of in-class active learning pedagogies. The post hoc survey showed apositive response of the students’ with regards to improvements in their critical thinking, quality of learning, oral, written, andcommunication skills.