gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
INCREASED INCIDENCE OF ACUTE PATELLAR INSTABILITY AND PATELLAR INSTABILITY SURGERY ACROSS THE UNITED STATES IN PEDIATRIC & ADOLESCENT PATIENTS (2019)

Background: Participation in organized sports has been increasing over the last several decades for pediatric and adolescent athletes in this country. It is hypothesized that the overall incidence of acute patellar dislocation in this population would increase with more sports participation. Newer surgical techniques for patellar stabilization have also become popular and have been adapted for younger populations. The purpose of the current study was to evaluate the trend in the frequency of patellar dislocations treated at pediatric hospitals in the U.S. versus patients receiving surgical intervention for patellar dislocation. Methods: The Pediatric Health Information System (PHIS) database was queried for all patients 18 years or younger who underwent orthopaedic surgery between 2004 and 2014. A cohort of patients treated surgically for patellar dislocation was compared to a cohort of patients seen in the Emergency Department for management of a patellar dislocation. Data sets from 25 of the 48 pediatric hospitals participating in the PHIS initiative reported data consistently for the study time period and were included in the analysis. The rate of patellar dislocation surgeries per 1,000 pediatric orthopedic surgeries was analyzed for the 11-year period. Linear modeling was used to assess sex-based and overall trends. Results: During the study period, there were 447,285 orthopaedic surgeries at 25 institutions, which included 3,481 patellar dislocation procedures, suggesting a rate of 7.8 per 1,000 orthopaedic surgeries. An additional 5,244 patellar dislocations treated in the emergency room were identified. Over the study period, the number of patellar dislocation procedures increased 2.1-fold (95% CI = 1.4-3.0), while all surgeries increased 1.7-fold (95% CI = 1.3-2.0). There was only a 1.2-fold increase in patellar dislocation procedures relative to total pediatric orthopedic procedures. Emergency Department treatment of patellar dislocation increased 2.8-fold. Females yielded similar trends between operative and Emergency Department treatment of patellar instability (2.2-fold and 2.3 –fold, respectively); while males experienced a higher trend in the need for Emergency Department treatment compared to operative treatment (3.0-fold versus 2.0-fold, respectively). Conclusion / Significance: This study shows a significant rise in the rate of acute patellar instability events in pediatric and adolescent patients across the country. Interestingly, surgery for patellar instability increased by only slightly more than the rate of all pediatric orthopaedic procedures. Further research is needed to evaluate the link between increased acute patellar instability and risk for chronic patellar instability along with the potential need for surgical intervention.
Role for Salicylic Acid in the Activation of Defense Responses in Catalase-Deficient Transgenic Tobacco (1997)

Transgenic tobacco plants with severely reduced catalase activity were crossed with NahG plants that do not accumulate salicylic acid. Some of the progeny from the cross spontaneously developed necrosis when grown under strong light, similar to that observed on the parental severely catalase-deficient plants. However, in contrast to the parental catalase-deficient plants, these progeny plants did not constitutively express PR-1 genes or develop enhanced resistance. Thus, salicylic acid appears to be required for the induction of these defense responses in catalase-deficient tobacco plants.
Novel Inductive Decoupling for Single- and Double-Tuned Transceiver Phased Arrays to Compensate for both Reactive and Resistive Components of the Mutual Impedance (2012)

Decoupling is crucial for constructing transceiver phased arrays. Interaction between the elements can severely compromise both transmission performance and SNR. Previously described decoupling techniques have focused on eliminating the reactance of the mutual impedance, which can limit the obtainable S12 to -10 dB due to residual mutual resistance. Recently we introduced a double-tuned 7T 31P/1H transceiver array. Due to frequency dependence of the mutual inductance two separate decoupling circuits required between each array element. Double-tuning of the decoupling coils can significantly simplify the design. In this work we described a novel inductive decoupling technique, which addresses both these issues.
[Coronary artery bypass grafting under beating heart without cardiopulmonary bypass]. (1998)

Recently coronary artery bypass grafting under beating heart without cardiopulmonary bypass has been widely accepted for patients with associated risks of standard bypass surgery. Between October 1995 and October 1997, we performed this procedure on 40 (11 reoperative procedures). There were 26 single-vessel (9 reoperative procedures), 12 double-vessel (2 reoperative procedures) and 2 triple-vessel bypass procedures. Major risk factors and concomitant disorders were as follows: chronic hemodialysis, 3; poor renal function, 5; poor lung function, 6; reoperative procedure, 11; elder patient (age > or = 75 y), 4. Twenty-five patients were operated through a mediansternotomy, 11 through left thoracotomy (small thoracotomy 7), 1 through a small right thoracotomy, 3 through a laparotomy with the diaphragm approach, 1 through both a left thoracotomy and a laparotomy with the diaphragm approach. Fifty-three grafts were used during this course (internal thoracic artery [ITA] = 42, gastroepiploic artery [GEA] = 7, saphenous vein [SV] = 4) and the sequential bypass was performed with 2 LITA grafts. In selected patients this procedure is very safe, cost-effective and required less blood loss compared to standard bypass surgery. This procedure was considered to be very effective for patient with chronic hemodialysis. Also, left thoracotomy (a small thoracotomy) and laparotomy with the diaphragm approach showed particular effectiveness to reoperative procedures in order to preserve the patent grafts.
Structure, composition, and roles of the Toxoplasma gondii oocyst and sporocyst walls (2018)

<i>Toxoplasma gondii</i> is a coccidian parasite with the cat as its definitive host but any warm-blooded animal, including humans, may act as intermediate hosts. It has a worldwide distribution where it may cause acute and chronic toxoplasmosis. Infection can result from ingestion either of tissue cysts in infected meat of intermediate hosts or oocysts found in cat faeces via contaminated water or food. In this review, we highlight how the oocyst and sporocyst walls sustain the persistence and transmission of infective <i>T. gondii</i> parasites from terrestrial and aquatic environments to the host. We further discuss why targeting the oocyst wall structure and molecules may reduce the burden of foodborne and waterborne <i>T. gondii</i> infections.
Highly Flexible and Asymmetric Hexagonal‐Shaped Crystalline Structured Germanium Dioxide‐Based Multistate Resistive Switching Memory Device for Data Storage and Neuromorphic Computing (2022)

Abstract With the increase of big data and artificial intelligence (AI) applications, fast and energy‐efficient computing is critical in future electronics. Fortunately, nonvolatile resistive memory devices can be potential candidates for these issues due to their in‐computing and neuromorphic computational abilities. Hence, the paper proposes a highly flexible and asymmetric hexagonal‐shaped crystalline structured germanium dioxide‐based Ag/GeO 2 /ITO device for high data storage and neuromorphic computing. The proposed device shows the highly asymmetric memristor behavior at low operating voltage to block backward current. The operational behaviors are observed by modulating the applied amplitude, current compliance, and varying the frequency, which shows excellent stability and repeatability in electrical characterizations. Furthermore, the neuromorphic device exhibits synaptic learning properties such as potentiation‐depression, pulse amplification, and spike time‐dependent plasticity rules (STDP). Here, the weights update of the memristive synaptic device is analyzed using a multilayer perceptron convolutional neural network (CNN) by optimizing the learning rate, training epochs, and algorithm to achieve higher accuracy for pattern recognition using CIFAR‐10 data. Undoubtedly, the demonstrated results suggest that the proposed device is a promising candidate to develop high‐density storage and neuromorphic computing technology for wearable and AI electronics.
Multiple Service Configurations Based on Layered Division Multiplexing (2016)

In this paper, we present multiple service configurations based on layered division multiplexing (LDM), which is adopted as a baseline technology of the Advanced Television Systems Committee 3.0 standard. Based on a two-layer LDM technology, a variety of multiple-physical layer pipe (PLP) configurations as well as physical layer framing is introduced depending on the choices of service scenario, time interleaving, and cell addressing. A performance analysis is provided when three different broadcasting services - robust audio, indoor/mobile, and high data rate services - are delivered through different PLPs when a number of broadcasting service scenarios is presented.
A Novel Preparation Process for LaCuO3 Involving a High Pressure Oxidation of Precursor Derived from the Perovskite Structure: An Appropriate Route for Doping with 57Fe Moessbauer Probe. (2007)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Collective memory transfers for multi-core chips (2014)

Future performance improvements for microprocessors have shifted from clock frequency scaling towards increases in on-chip parallelism. Performance improvements for a wide variety of parallel applications require domain decomposition of data arrays from a contiguous arrangement in memory to a tiled layout for on-chip L1 caches and scratchpads. However, DRAM performance suffers under the non-streaming access patterns generated by many independent cores. In this paper, we propose collective memory scheduling (CMS) that uses simple software and inexpensive hardware to identify collective transfers and guarantee that loads and stores arrive in memory address order to the memory controller. CMS actively takes charge of collective transfers and pushes or pulls data to or from the on-chip processors according to memory address order. CMS reduces application execution time by up to 55% (20% average) compared to a state-of-the-art architecture where each processor reads and writes its data independently. CMS also reduces DRAM read power by 2.2× and write power by 50%.
An In-Vitro Measurement of Temperature Changes in Phacoemulsification System During Different Modes (2008)

Ultrasound waves have been used in these days for most surgeries. They are applied to remove body tissues through surgery, for example in removing eye lens in cataract surgery. In a nutshell, a 3 mm incision near cornea has been created and then after, a folded lens will be implanted and the patient can be released soon after the operation. The process is done by a vibrating metal tip in order to emulsify the lenses and the small particles will aspirate the debris through the hollow center of the tip. The problem of this procedure in some cases is thermal damage. This research addresses the aforementioned problem through an important parameter, different operating modes of the system. The proposed in-vitro approach has been investigated in details.
Adsorption of CH4 and CO2 on Cu-BDC Metal-Organic Frameworks Synthesized Using Different Solvent Separation Routes (2020)

Energy storage is one of the major challenges during the last decades. Natural gas adsorption on porous materials has notable advantages in comparison with the other approaches. Due to the lack of adsorption information about Cu-BDC (copper terephthalate), it was synthesized by two different solvent separation procedures and identified using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Brunauer-Emmet-Telller (BET) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) techniques. Moreover, equilibrium adsorption measurements were performed for CH4 and CO2 gases in the pressure range 0-50 bar at two various temperatures (293 and 323 K), and experimental adsorption data were modeled with adsorption isotherms. Also, the sample synthesized by the new solvent separation procedure had 918 m2/gr surface area and 0.42 cm3/gr pore volume which were respectively 45% and 50% higher than the traditional method. In addition, this sample has shown CO2 and CH4 adsorption capacity (16.72 and 13.23 mmol gr-1) were desirable in comparison with other conventional Metal-Organic Frameworks (MOFs) and its methane adsorption value was close to DOE (Department of Energy) targets. To investigate the application of the synthesized materials, the selectivity of CO2/CH4 was determined by IAST (ideal adsorbed solution theory) according to the sorption test information of the single components. Finally, adsorption enthalpy of the adsorbates on the two samples was computed using the Clausius-Clapeyron equation and the results were in accordance with the isotherms at two various temperatures (293 and 323 K).
Safety and immunogenicity of a booster dose of meningococcal (groups A, C, W, and Y) polysaccharide diphtheria toxoid conjugate vaccine (2016)

Booster vaccination with MenACWY-D was safe and induced robust bactericidal antibody responses, consistent with immune memory, among adolescents and adults 4-6 years after primary vaccination. ClinicalTrials.gov registration: NCT01442675.
The Critical Role of Science and Technology for National Defense (2009)

Abstract : We are embarking on a new era in Defense research. Over the past decade we have seen remarkable progress from the computer science research community spurring growth in the fields of robotics, learning and reasoning, language understanding, collective intelligence and other related technologies. These advances are beginning to find their way into new products and are redefining the human-machine interface. At the same time, industry, academia and the federal government need to engage as a Research Triple to advance new technical ideas in response to an emerging set of national security challenges. This Research Triple is both a challenge and an opportunity for the Computer Science community and is critically important to the Department of Defense.
Stringing along the estrogen receptor to engage with DNA (2023)

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), a peer reviewed journal of the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) - an authoritative source of high-impact, original research that broadly spans the biological, physical, and social sciences.
Caisson Foundations For Jacket Structures (1994)

In order to simplify and make the Installation of lightweight jackets more economical, a caisson foundation system has been developed. This paper describes the theoretical basis for the geotechnical and structural design of the caisson foundations as well as the system Itself. A study investigating the technical and economical feasibility of such a foundation system for three different soil conditions Is also presented.
Impact of processing technique on the apparent bioavailability of cooking banana (matooke) starch (2007)

The aim of the study was to compare the apparent bioavailability of starch in raw, cooked and extruded matooke flours using weanling mice. Two control and three test groups consisting of seven mice each (initial body weight of 21.32 ± 1.05 g) were fed diets incorporating soluble unavailable starch (Control I), soluble starch (Control II) and raw, cooked and extruded matooke flours as carbohydrate bases, for three weeks. The growth rate, food intake, adipose tissue size and 12 h fasting glucose levels were measured. The mean values of the growth parameters were separated by ANOVA using GENSTAT statistical package. There was a significant difference (P<0.001) in food intake between the control and test groups. The mice fed on solubilised matooke starches (cooked and extruded) exhibited significantly higher (P<0.001) growth rates than the ones fed on raw starch, showing a higher apparent bioavailability of the former flours. The mice fed on Control I appeared malnourished despite an excessively high food intake. The raw matooke group displayed less pronounced symptoms of malnourishment despite recording the highest weight loss. The fat pad sizes were in agreement with the growth rate data. The glucose levels, though on the lower side particularly in the Control I and raw matooke flour groups, were within the normal range. The results demonstrated that solubilised matooke starches adequately met the energy requirement of a growing animal. Nonetheless extrusion cooking appeared to confer a marginal advantage over the cooked flour, due to extruded flour’s lower peak viscosity. This advantage would be enhanced in humans if the rations are taken as porridges.

	 

	Key words: Starch-bioavailability, matooke, protein-energy malnutrition.
Current Perspective on the Pathogenesis of Graves’ Disease and Ophthalmopathy (2003)

Graves' disease (GD) is a very common autoimmune disorder of the thyroid in which stimulatory antibodies bind to the thyrotropin receptor and activate glandular function, resulting in hyperthyroidism. In addition, some patients with GD develop localized manifestations including ophthalmopathy (GO) and dermopathy. Since the cloning of the receptor cDNA, significant progress has been made in understanding the structure-function relationship of the receptor, which has been discussed in a number of earlier reviews. In this paper, we have focused our discussion on studies related to the molecular mechanisms of the disease pathogenesis and the development of animal models for GD. It has become apparent that multiple factors contribute to the etiology of GD, including host genetic as well as environmental factors. Studies in experimental animals indicate that GD is a slowly progressing disease that involves activation and recruitment of thyrotropin receptor-specific T and B cells. This activation eventually results in the production of stimulatory antibodies that can cause hyperthyroidism. Similarly, significant new insights have been gained in our understanding of GO that occurs in a subset of patients with GD. As in GD, both environmental and genetic factors play important roles in the development of GO. Although a number of putative ocular autoantigens have been identified, their role in the pathogenesis of GO awaits confirmation. Extensive analyses of orbital tissues obtained from patients with GO have provided a clearer understanding of the roles of T and B cells, cytokines and chemokines, and various ocular tissues including ocular muscles and fibroblasts. Equally impressive is the progress made in understanding why connective tissues of the orbit and the skin in GO are singled out for activation and undergo extensive remodeling. Results to date indicate that fibroblasts can act as sentinel cells and initiate lymphocyte recruitment and tissue remodeling. Moreover, these fibroblasts can be readily activated by Ig in the sera of patients with GD, suggesting a central role for them in the pathogenesis. Collectively, recent studies have led to a better understanding of the pathogenesis of GD and GO and have opened up potential new avenues for developing novel treatments for GD and GO.
Emerging drugs for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (2005)

Pulmonary fibrosis is often the end stage of chronic, persistent, low-level lung injury, either of known or unknown cause. The most severe form of pulmonary fibrosis is idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), a disease process of unknown aetiology and one that often leads to respiratory failure and death. At present there are no proven or effective drug therapies for IPF. Recent advances in understanding of disease pathogenesis have focused attention on drug targeting of fibrogenic pathways, as opposed to traditional anti-inflammatory approaches. In this report, the present status of drug development of a number of emerging antifibrotic strategies and agents that may prove more effective in the therapy of this progressive, debilitating and fatal disease are reviewed.
Raise Your Game for Split Manufacturing: Restoring the True Functionality Through BEOL (2018)

Split manufacturing (SM) seeks to protect against piracy of intellectual property (IP) in chip designs. Here we propose a scheme to manipulate both placement and routing in an intertwined manner, thereby increasing the resilience of SM layouts. Key stages of our scheme are to (partially) randomize a design, place and route the erroneous netlist, and restore the original design by re-routing the BEOL. Based on state-of-the-art proximity attacks, we demonstrate that our scheme notably excels over the prior art (i.e., 0% correct connection rates). Our scheme induces controllable PPA overheads and lowers commercial cost (the latter by splitting at higher layers).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Properties of Methylthiopyrazolo(3,4‐d)pyrimidine 2′‐ Deoxy‐β‐D‐ribonucleosides. (1993)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Programming languages matters (2009)

What, I asked the panelists, should an undergraduate Programming Languages course at a mid-level institution consist of? ABET and CC-2005 are not much help. They leave an enormous range of options; all they say on the matter is:

ABET: IV-6. The core materials must provide basic coverage of ..., concepts of programming languages... [2008--2009 Criteria for Accrediting Computing Programs, p. 3]

ACM/IEEE: Theory of Programming Languages Principles and design of programming languages including grammars (syntax), semantics, type systems, and various language models (e.g., declarative, functional, procedural, and object-oriented). [ACM and IEEE Computing Curricula 2005, p. 56]
ChemInform Abstract: Iron‐Catalyzed Reduction and Hydroelementation Reactions (2016)

Abstract Review: 210 refs.
Comparison of hospital room surface disinfection using a novel ultraviolet germicidal irradiation (UVGI) generator (2016)

The estimated 721,800 hospital acquired infections per year in the United States have necessitated development of novel environmental decontamination technologies such as ultraviolet germicidal irradiation (UVGI). This study evaluated the efficacy of a novel, portable UVGI generator (the TORCH, ChlorDiSys Solutions, Inc., Lebanon, NJ) to disinfect surface coupons composed of plastic from a bedrail, stainless steel, chrome-plated light switch cover, and a porcelain tile that were inoculated with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) or vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecalis (VRE). Each surface type was placed at 6 different sites within a hospital room and treated by 10-min ultraviolet-C (UVC) exposures using the TORCH with doses ranging from 0-688 mJ/cm(2) between sites. Organism reductions were compared with untreated surface coupons as controls. Overall, UVGI significantly reduced MRSA by an average of 4.6 log10 (GSD: 1.7 log10, 77% inactivation, p < 0.0001) and VRE by an average of 3.9 log10 (GSD: 1.7 log10, 65% inactivation, p < 0.0001). MRSA on bedrail was reduced significantly (p < 0.0001) less than on other surfaces, while VRE was reduced significantly less on chrome (p = 0.0004) and stainless steel (p = 0.0012) than porcelain tile. Organisms out of direct line of sight of the UVC generator were reduced significantly less (p < 0.0001) than those directly in line of sight. UVGI was found an effective method to inactivate nosocomial pathogens on surfaces evaluated within the hospital environment in direct line of sight of UVGI treatment with variation between organism and surface types.