gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Dispersion Limitations of Ultra-Wideband Wireless Links and Their Compensation Via Photonically Enabled Arbitrary Waveform Generation (2008)

In this study, we present compression of ultra-wideband RF waveforms via photonic synthesis of phase pre-compensated waveforms. By exciting a dispersive wireless link (employing Archimedean spiral antennas) with variable-bandwidth excitation waveforms, we first demonstrate that such links exhibit a dispersion-limited output pulse duration. Subsequently, we utilize the RF spectral phase extracted from the impulse response of the link to create signals designed to negate the nonuniform phase response of the spiral antennas utilized in the link. Such waveforms remove the dispersion limitation and enable bandwidth-limited operation. We achieve compression to within a factor of two of the bandwidth limit for signals with bandwidths of 1-10 GHz at a center frequency of ~6 GHz. To our knowledge, this represents the first demonstration of dispersion pre-compensation for signals with fractional bandwidths exceeding 100%. Our technique is reprogrammable and may be extended to larger bandwidths and higher operational frequencies, making it an enabler for future radar and communication systems.
A simple binary random number generator: new approaches for CMOS VLSI (2003)

Random number generators (RNGs) based upon metastable operation in a CMOS latch are presented. Some different techniques to force metastable operation and detect the final state are also reported. Prototypes have been integrated and sequences produced by these generators have passed standard tests, exhibiting good random behavior.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Molecular and subregion mechanisms of episodic memory phenotypes in temporal lobe epilepsy (2022)

Memory dysfunction is prevalent in temporal lobe epilepsy, but little is known about the underlying pathophysiological etiologies. Here, we use spatial quantitation to examine differential expression of targeted proteins and transcripts in four brain regions essential for episodic memory (dentate gyrus, CA3, CA1, neocortex) between temporal lobe epilepsy patients with and without episodic memory impairment. Brain tissues were obtained from dominant temporal lobectomies in 16 adults with pharmacoresistant temporal lobe epilepsy associated with hippocampal sclerosis. Verbal memory tests from routine pre-operative clinical care were used to classify episodic memory as impaired or intact. Digital spatial profiling of a targeted protein panel and the whole transcriptome was performed using tissue sections from the temporal neocortex and hippocampus. We performed differential expression and pathway enrichment analysis between the memory groups within each temporal lobe region. Several proteins associated with neurodegenerative disease were overexpressed in the neocortex of patients with impaired memory, corroborating our prior findings using bulk transcriptomics. Spatial transcriptomics identified numerous differentially expressed transcripts in both neocortical and hippocampal subregions between memory groups, with little overlap across subregions. The strongest molecular signal was observed in the CA3 hippocampal subregion, known to play an essential role in memory encoding. Enrichment analyses revealed BDNF as a central hub in CA3-related networks regulating phenotype-relevant processes such as cognition, memory, long-term potentiation and neuritogenesis (<i>P<sub>adj</sub></i> < 0.05). Results suggest memory impairment in temporal lobe epilepsy with hippocampal sclerosis is associated with molecular alterations within temporal lobe subregions that are independent from hippocampal cell loss, demographic variables and disease characteristics. Importantly, each temporal subregion shows a unique molecular signature associated with memory impairment. While many differentially expressed transcripts and proteins in the neocortex have been associated with neurodegenerative disorders/processes, differentially expressed transcripts in hippocampal subregions involve genes associated with neuritogenesis and long-term potentiation, processes essential for new memory formation.
Hydroxyapatite Adsorbed at the Surface of the Byssus Fibers of Pinna Nobilis (2022)

Abstract Mussel-forming fibers manifest fascinating properties due to the numerous reactive functional groups present in their primary structure besides their secondary structures. Humans adopted these protein-based fibers to produce an extremely fine and valuable fabric, named byssus. Byssus is the bundle of filaments secreted by Pinna nobilis species employed to colonize the marine substrates. The byssus fibers coming from other species, such as Mytilus edulis , have been widely investigated in particular for their self-healing properties attributed to the collagen presence and their core-shell structure. Surprisingly, the Pinna nobilis byssus is non-collagenous based and the fibers nanostructure is still poorly understood. Here, we are reporting an investigation on the Pinna nobilis byssus samples retrieved intact in each stage of treatment. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) provides a peculiar feature of Pinna nobilis byssus, i.e. the elliptical cross-section of the fibers. Wide-angle X-ray scattering (WAXS), as well as infrared spectroscopy (IR), reveal the presence of hydroxyapatite adsorbed at the surface of the initial fibers and the presence of crystalline beta-sheet domains within the fibers. Finally, a WAXS-based method reveals a decrease in the crystalline/amorphous ratio during byssus treatment.
Effects of cytochalasin B on endocytosis and exocytosis. (1978)

The complex effects of cytochalasin B on endocytosis and exocytosis are reviewed. Cytochalasin B inhibits phagocytosis by both mononulcear phagocytes and polymorphonuclear leukocytes but it does not affect the micropinocytic activity of mononulear phagocytes and other cell types. Cytochalasin B causes increased selective release of acid hydrolase from phagocytic cells but its effect on other secretory cells is more variable, stimulating secretion by some cell types, inhibiting secretion in others and having no effect at all in some instances. The possible mechanisms of action of cytochalsin B are discussed with particular emphasis being placed on its effect on the activity of various protein components of cellular contractile systems. We suggest that many of the biolgoical effects of cytochalasin B may be accounted for by such effects.
Synthesis of Macroporous Titania and Inorganic Composite Materials from Coated Colloidal SpheresA Novel Route to Tune Pore Morphology (2001)

A new method for fabricating macroporous inorganic and inorganic composite materials with tailored pore morphologies (i.e., pore wall thickness and open or closed pore structure) is described. Polystyrene (PS) colloidal spheres coated with polyelectrolyte (PE) multilayers (PS−PE) or silica nanoparticle (SiO2)/PE hybrid multilayers (PS−SiO2/PE) have been used as templates to produce macroporous structures. By infiltration of a titanium dioxide (TiO2) precursor, titanium (IV) isopropoxide, into templates of close-packed coated colloidal spheres, followed by removal of the organic material (PS core and PE layers) by calcination, macroporous TiO2 and inorganic composite structures were produced. The pore morphology of the resulting macroporous structures depends on the nature of the multilayers deposited on the colloidal spheres. Open pore structures were obtained by templating close-packed assemblies of PS−PE colloidal spheres, while a closed pore structure was achieved by templating PS−SiO2/PE particle assemblies. The wall thickness of the resulting pores can also be tuned by altering the number of multilayers deposited on the colloidal spheres. Increasing the number of multilayers on the spheres causes an increase in the wall thickness of the macroporous structures.
New Low-Solids OBM Demonstrates Improved Returns as Perforating Kill Pill (2002)

Abstract This paper describes the development of a low-solids oil-based fluid and its successful application as a kill pill in long horizontal well perforations in the Norwegian North Sea. The authors detail the investigative process that resulted in the development of the cesium formate-based internal phase fluid system. Simulated perforation formation damage tests with and without zinc debris were conducted on conventional brine-based and oil-based fluid systems. The tests showed the chemical reaction of the brine-based system to zinc debris had little effect on return flow efficiency, but significantly increased fluid loss. With the conventional oil-based mud, returns dropped to 10-15% when the zinc debris was added. The newly developed low-solids oil-based kill-pill system was engineered with a high content of heavy brine for fluid density and minimal solids content. The only solids in the system are calcium carbonate, which is used for bridging, and minimal amounts of clay and lime for rheology control and alkalinity, respectively. In perforation tests it exhibited more than 80% return flow efficiency.
The effect of clock jitter on the DR of Sigma Delta modulators. (2006)

Results are presented on determining the abundance of some physiological groups of bacteria taking part in the processes of the turnover cycle of carbon, nitrogen, sulfur and phosphorus in the surface layer and to the depth of 75 cm of bottom sediments in the Kalamitsky Bay of the Black Sea. A wide distribution and mass development of anaerobic heterotrophic, lipolytic, oil oxidizing, nitrogen fixating, sulfur reducing microbes and sulphur oxidizing colorless sulfur bacteria are shown. The presence of bacteria degrading cellulose in the 44-54 cm layer of the sediment column and dissolving unsoluble phosphorus compounds of bacteria in the 1-3 and 44-54 cm layers of bottom sediments has been recorded. The high abundance of microbes of certain physiological groups, which distribution zones are not limited to upper centimeters of silts, may serve as the evidence for the active part of bacteriobenthos in the diagenesis of bottom sediments in deep-water areas of the Black Sea.
A model of top-down attentional control during visual search in complex scenes (2009)

Recently, there has been great interest among vision researchers in developing computational models that predict the distribution of saccadic endpoints in naturalistic scenes. In many of these studies, subjects are instructed to view scenes without any particular task in mind so that stimulus-driven (bottom-up) processes guide visual attention. However, whenever there is a search task, goal-driven (top-down) processes tend to dominate guidance, as indicated by attention being systematically biased toward image features that resemble those of the search target. In the present study, we devise a top-down model of visual attention during search in complex scenes based on similarity between the target and regions of the search scene. Similarity is defined for several feature dimensions such as orientation or spatial frequency using a histogram-matching technique. The amount of attentional guidance across visual feature dimensions is predicted by a previously introduced informativeness measure. We use eye-movement data gathered from participants' search of a set of naturalistic scenes to evaluate the model. The model is found to predict the distribution of saccadic endpoints in search displays nearly as accurately as do other observers' eye-movement data in the same displays.
Face liveness detection by exploring multiple scenic clues (2012)

Liveness detection is an indispensable guarantee for reliable face recognition, which has recently received enormous attention. In this paper we propose three scenic clues, which are non-rigid motion, face-background consistency and imaging banding effect, to conduct accurate and efficient face liveness detection. Non-rigid motion clue indicates the facial motions that a genuine face can exhibit such as blinking, and a low rank matrix decomposition based image alignment approach is designed to extract this non-rigid motion. Face-background consistency clue believes that the motion of face and background has high consistency for fake facial photos while low consistency for genuine faces, and this consistency can serve as an efficient liveness clue which is explored by GMM based motion detection method. Image banding effect reflects the imaging quality defects introduced in the fake face reproduction, which can be detected by wavelet decomposition. By fusing these three clues, we thoroughly explore sufficient clues for liveness detection. The proposed face liveness detection method achieves 100% accuracy on Idiap print-attack database and the best performance on self-collected face anti-spoofing database.
Eine Art agostische Gold‐Ligand‐ und eine μ3‐PPh2‐Koordination im „Hängematten”; Au2Pt2P6‐Skelett des Clusters [Au2Pt2(μ‐PPh2)2(PPh3)4](PF6)2 (1989)

Bindungen nicht nur zwischen Au und Pt, sondern auch zwischen Au und den Ph 2 P‐Brückenliganden kennzeichnen die Struktur von 2 , das aus zwei Äquivalenten [Au(PPh 3 )]⊕ und 1 in CH 2 Cl 2 mit ca. 80% Ausbeute entsteht. Die ungewöhnlichen Bindungsverhältnisse sind in Einklang mit den Ergebnissen einer Fragment‐MO‐Analyse. magnified image
A versatile route to edge-specific modifications to pristine graphene by electrophilic aromatic substitution (2020)

Electrophilic aromatic substitution produces edge-specific modifications to CVD graphene and graphene nanoplatelets that are suitable for specific attachment of biomolecules.
Induction of Oxidative Stress in Tumor Cells: A New Strategy for Drug Therapy of Malignant Tumors (2019)

Abstract—Tumor cells have a higher basal ROS level than normal cells. This phenomenon may provide grounds for the development of novel antitumor drugs that are capable of selectively inducing oxidative stress in tumor cells. This approach can involve agents that induce ROS production and/or inhibit cellular enzymatic antioxidant systems. Thioredoxin reductase is a key enzyme in such systems. Overexpression of thioredoxin reductase has been shown in several types of tumors of hematopoietic, lymphoid, and other tissues. The results of studies of the antitumor activities of various synthetic and natural substances that are able to inhibit thioredoxin reductase are summarized. It is shown that thioredoxin reductase inhibition results in an increase in ROS level in tumor cells and oxidative damage of cells followed by apoptosis mainly via the mitochondrial pathway.
Aspects of the statistical texture analysis of medical ultrasound images (1990)

Although atherosclerotic plaques can be classified into categories characterized by their textures, to visually identify a specific tissue is not an easy task. Statistical texture analysis has therefore been applied. Ten types of statistics are considered: gray level run length; spatial gray level co-occurrence matrices; maximum minimum; Fourier power spectrum; gray level difference; sum and difference histograms; laws texture features; local standard deviation of intensity; organizational approach; and Walsh transform. The effectiveness of these statistics in tissue characterisation is addressed considering polar coordinates calculation as rectilinear coordinates calculation, and taking into account the variation of statistical parameters. >
Industrial‐Scale Palladium‐Catalyzed Coupling of Aryl Halides and Amines –A Personal Account (2006)

Abstract The palladium‐catalyzed coupling of amines and aryl halides or aryl alcohol derivatives has matured from an exotic small‐scale transformation into a very general, efficient and robust reaction during the last ten years. This article reports several applications of this method from an industrial vantage point, including ligand synthesis, synthesis of arylpiperazines, arylhydrazines and diarylamines. Much emphasis in placed on issues of scale‐up and safety to underline the potential of CN couplings as solutions for industrial‐scale synthetic problems.
Subspace metrics for multivariate dictionaries and application to EEG (2014)

Overcomplete representations and dictionary learning algorithms are attracting a growing interest in the machine learning community. This paper addresses the emerging problem of comparing multivariate overcomplete dictionaries. Despite a recurrent need to rely on a distance for learning or assessing multivariate overcomplete dictionaries, no metrics in their underlying spaces have yet been proposed. Henceforth we propose to study overcomplete representations from the perspective of matrix manifolds. We consider distances between multivariate dictionaries as distances between their spans which reveal to be elements of a Grassmannian manifold. We introduce set-metrics defined on Grassmannian spaces and study their properties both theoretically and numerically. Thanks to the introduced metrics, experimental convergences of dictionary learning algorithms are assessed on synthetic datasets. Set-metrics are embedded in a clustering algorithm for a qualitative analysis of real EEG signals for Brain-Computer Interfaces (BCI). The obtained clusters of subjects are associated with subject performances. This is a major methodological advance to understand the BCI-inefficiency phenomenon and to predict the ability of a user to interact with a BCI.
Antibiotic guidelines in NSW hospitals (2005)

THIS PAPER REPORTS THE RESULTS of a preliminary survey which investigated antibiotic guideline use and the strategies used to implement and evaluate guideline use in NSW hospitals. We were interested in assessing the extent to which well established guidelines of proven value are being used in a sample of hospitals, as one way to measure implementation of the principles of clinical governance.
Preparation of Functional Aptamer Films Using Layer-by-Layer Self-Assembly (2009)

Advances in many aptamer-based applications will require a better understanding of how an aptamer's molecular recognition ability is affected by its incorporation into a suitable matrix. In this study, we investigated whether a model aptamer system, the sulforhodamine B aptamer, would retain its binding ability while embedded in a multilayer polyelectrolyte film. Thin films consisting of poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) as the polycation and both poly(sodium 4-styrene-sulfonate) and the aptamer as the polyanions were deposited by the layer-by-layer approach and were compared to films prepared using calf thymus DNA or a random single-stranded oligonucleotide. Data from UV-vis spectroscopy, quartz crystal microbalance studies, confocal microscopy, and time of flight secondary ion mass spectrometry confirm that the aptamer's recognition of its target is retained, with no loss of specificity and only a modest reduction of binding affinity, while it is incorporated within the thin film. These findings open up a raft of new opportunities for the development and application of aptamer-based functional thin films.
Sperm processing procedures for intrauterine insemination (2003)

Sperm processing procedures that mimic the sperm separation abilities of periovulatory mucus can favorably influence reproductive outcome. These methods analogously and effectively filter progressively motile and morphologically normal sperm from the overall sample population. The resultant sample contains an enriched sperm population with higher fertilizing potential.
Top-down and bottom-up cues for scene text recognition (2012)

Scene text recognition has gained significant attention from the computer vision community in recent years. Recognizing such text is a challenging problem, even more so than the recognition of scanned documents. In this work, we focus on the problem of recognizing text extracted from street images. We present a framework that exploits both bottom-up and top-down cues. The bottom-up cues are derived from individual character detections from the image. We build a Conditional Random Field model on these detections to jointly model the strength of the detections and the interactions between them. We impose top-down cues obtained from a lexicon-based prior, i.e. language statistics, on the model. The optimal word represented by the text image is obtained by minimizing the energy function corresponding to the random field model. We show significant improvements in accuracies on two challenging public datasets, namely Street View Text (over 15%) and ICDAR 2003 (nearly 10%).
Papillomavirus can be transmitted through the blood and produce infections in blood recipients: Evidence from two animal models (2019)

Abstract Human papillomavirus (HPV) infections are commonly thought to be strictly sexually transmitted. However, studies have demonstrated the presence of HPV in cancers of many non-sexual internal organs, raising the question as to how the viruses gain access to these sites. A possible connection between blood transfusion and HPV-associated disease has not received much attention. We show, in two animal models, that blood infected with papillomavirus yields infections at permissive sites. Furthermore, we demonstrate that blood from actively infected mice can transmit the infection to naïve animals. Finally, we report papillomavirus infections in the stomach tissues of animals infected via the blood. Stomach tissues are not known to be permissive for papillomavirus infection, although the literature suggests that HPVs may be associated with a subset of gastric cancers. These results indicate that the human blood supply, which is not screened for papillomaviruses, could be a potential source of HPV infection and subsequent cancers. SUMMARY Human papillomaviruses cause 5% of human cancers. Currently, blood banks do not screen for these viruses. We demonstrate that blood transfused from papillomavirus-infected animals produces infections in recipients. Public health implications are significant if the same is true for humans. Definitions Local papillomavirus infection: An infection initiated by the direct application of virus or viral DNA to the site of infection Intravenous (IV) papillomavirus infection: An infection resulting from blood-borne delivery of virus or viral DNA to the site of infection.
Fraction A of armadillo submandibular glycoprotein and its desialylated product as sialyl‐Tn and Tn receptors for lectins (1995)

Fraction A of the armadillo submandibular glycoprotein (ASG-A) is one of the simplest glycoproteins among mammalian salivary mucins. The carbohydrate side chains of this mucous glycoprotein have one-third of the NeuAc alpha 2-->6GalNAc (sialyl-Tn) sequence and two thirds of Tn (GalNAc alpha-->Ser/Thr) residues. Those of the desialylated product (ASG-Tn) are almost exclusively unsubstituted GalNAc residues (Tn determinant). When the binding properties of these glycoproteins were tested by a precipitin assay with Gal, GalNAc and GlcNAc specific lectins, it was found that ASG-Tn reacted strongly with all of the Tn-active lectins and completely precipitated Vicia villosa (VVL both B4 and mixture of A and B), Maclura pomifera (MPA), and Artocarpus integrifolia (jacalin) lectins. However, it precipitated poorly or negligibly with Ricinus communis (RCA1); Dolichos biflorus (DBA); Viscum album, ML-I; Arachis hypogaea (PNA), and Triticum vulgaris (WGA). The reactivity of ASG-A (sialyl-Tn) was as active as that of ASG-Tn with MPA and less or slightly less active than that of ASG-Tn with VVL-A+B, VVL-B4, HPA, WFA, and jacalin, as one-third of its Tn was sialylated. These findings indicate that ASG-A and its desialylated product (ASG-Tn) are highly useful reagents for the differentiation of Tn, T (Gal beta 1-->3GalNAc), A (GalNAc alpha 1-->3Gal) or Gal specific lectins and monoclonal antibodies against such epitopes.