gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Pulse-echo ultrasonic fingerprint sensor on a chip (2015)

A fully-integrated ultrasonic fingerprint sensor based on pulse-echo imaging is presented. The device consists of a 24×8 Piezoelectric Micromachined Ultrasonic Transducer (PMUT) array bonded at the wafer level to custom readout electronics fabricated in a 180-nm CMOS process. The proposed top-driving bottom-sensing technique minimizes signal attenuation due to the large parasitics associated with high-voltage transistors. With 12V driving signal strength, the sensor takes 24μs to image a 2.3mm by 0.7mm section of a fingerprint.
Mechanisms of the Intriguing Rearrangements of Activated Organic Species (2003)

The β-acyloxyalkyl radical rearrangement has been known since 1967 but its mechanism is still not fully understood, despite considerable investigation. Since the migration of a β-trifluoroacetoxy group generally proceeds more rapidly and with more varied regiochemistry than its less electronegative counterparts, this reaction was studied in the hope of understanding more about the subtleties of the mechanism of the β- acyloxyalkyl radical rearrangement. The mechanism of the catalysed rearrangement of Nalkoxy- 2(1H)-pyridinethiones was also explored because preliminary studies indicated that the transition state (TS) for this process was isoelectronic with TSs postulated for the β-acyloxyalkyl radical and other novel rearrangements. ¶ ...
Baja California disjunctions and phylogeographic patterns in sympatric California blennies (2014)

Baja California disjuncts, which are marine species that are present in the northern Sea of Cortez and along the Pacific Coast of California and Baja California, but absent from the south, have been shown to be interesting models of allopatric speciation. While at least 19 species of fish are Baja California disjuncts, no study has ever evaluated the genetic patterns of closely related species. Here, we used three sympatric California blennies (genus Hypsoblennius), where two species have disjunct populations and one does not. Based on one mitochondrial and one nuclear molecular marker, we found that the two disjunct species exhibit different genetic patterns, one species showing disjunct populations as reciprocally monophyletic assemblages, while the other species showed evidence of gene flow between disjunct populations. In addition, the non-disjunct species, H. gilberti, exhibits high gene flow along the California and Baja California coasts. I hypothesized that adult habitat and historical vicariant events, more so than pelagic larval duration, played major roles in shaping the currently observed distribution and genetic patterns for these species.
Selective Binding of Collagen Subtypes by Integrin α1I, α2I, and α10I Domains (2001)

Four integrins, namely alpha(1)beta(1), alpha(2)beta(1), alpha(10)beta(1), and alpha(11)beta(1), form a special subclass of cell adhesion receptors. They are all collagen receptors, and they recognize their ligands with an inserted domain (I domain) in their alpha subunit. We have produced the human integrin alpha(10)I domain as a recombinant protein to reveal its ligand binding specificity. In general, alpha(10)I did recognize collagen types I-VI and laminin-1 in a Mg(2+)-dependent manner, whereas its binding to tenascin was only slightly better than to albumin. When alpha(10)I was tested together with the alpha(1)I and alpha(2)I domains, all three I domains seemed to have their own collagen binding preferences. The integrin alpha(2)I domain bound much better to fibrillar collagens (I-III) than to basement membrane type IV collagen or to beaded filament-forming type VI collagen. Integrin alpha(1)I had the opposite binding pattern. The integrin alpha(10)I domain was similar to the alpha(1)I domain in that it bound very well to collagen types IV and VI. Based on the previously published atomic structures of the alpha(1)I and alpha(2)I domains, we modeled the structure of the alpha(10)I domain. The comparison of the three I domains revealed similarities and differences that could potentially explain their functional differences. Mutations were introduced into the alphaI domains, and their binding to types I, IV, and VI collagen was tested. In the alpha(2)I domain, Asp-219 is one of the amino acids previously suggested to interact directly with type I collagen. The corresponding amino acid in both the alpha(1)I and alpha(10)I domains is oppositely charged (Arg-218). The mutation D219R in the alpha(2)I domain changed the ligand binding pattern to resemble that of the alpha(1)I and alpha(10)I domains and, vice versa, the R218D mutation in the alpha(1)I and alpha(10)I domains created an alpha(2)I domain-like ligand binding pattern. Thus, all three collagen receptors appear to differ in their ability to recognize distinct collagen subtypes. The relatively small structural differences on their collagen binding surfaces may explain the functional specifics.
Action Centered Contextual Bandits (2017)

Contextual bandits have become popular as they offer a middle ground between very simple approaches based on multi-armed bandits and very complex approaches using the full power of reinforcement learning. They have demonstrated success in web applications and have a rich body of associated theoretical guarantees. Linear models are well understood theoretically and preferred by practitioners because they are not only easily interpretable but also simple to implement and debug. Furthermore, if the linear model is true, we get very strong performance guarantees. Unfortunately, in emerging applications in mobile health, the time-invariant linear model assumption is untenable. We provide an extension of the linear model for contextual bandits that has two parts: baseline reward and treatment effect. We allow the former to be complex but keep the latter simple. We argue that this model is plausible for mobile health applications. At the same time, it leads to algorithms with strong performance guarantees as in the linear model setting, while still allowing for complex nonlinear baseline modeling. Our theory is supported by experiments on data gathered in a recently concluded mobile health study.
Data from Infection Exposure Promotes <i>ETV6-RUNX1</i> Precursor B-cell Leukemia via Impaired H3K4 Demethylases (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;&lt;i&gt;ETV6-RUNX1&lt;/i&gt; is associated with the most common subtype of childhood leukemia. As few &lt;i&gt;ETV6-RUNX1&lt;/i&gt; carriers develop precursor B-cell acute lymphocytic leukemia (pB-ALL), the underlying genetic basis for development of full-blown leukemia remains to be identified, but the appearance of leukemia cases in time-space clusters keeps infection as a potential causal factor. Here, we present &lt;i&gt;in vivo&lt;/i&gt; genetic evidence mechanistically connecting preleukemic &lt;i&gt;ETV6-RUNX1&lt;/i&gt; expression in hematopoetic stem cells/precursor cells (HSC/PC) and postnatal infections for human-like pB-ALL. In our model, &lt;i&gt;ETV6-RUNX1&lt;/i&gt; conferred a low risk of developing pB-ALL after exposure to common pathogens, corroborating the low incidence observed in humans. Murine preleukemic &lt;i&gt;ETV6-RUNX1&lt;/i&gt; pro/preB cells showed high &lt;i&gt;Rag1/2&lt;/i&gt; expression, known for human &lt;i&gt;ETV6-RUNX1&lt;/i&gt; pB-ALL. Murine and human &lt;i&gt;ETV6-RUNX1&lt;/i&gt; pB-ALL revealed recurrent genomic alterations, with a relevant proportion affecting genes of the lysine demethylase (&lt;i&gt;KDM&lt;/i&gt;) family. KDM5C loss of function resulted in increased levels of H3K4me3, which coprecipitated with RAG2 in a human cell line model, laying the molecular basis for recombination activity. We conclude that alterations of KDM family members represent a disease-driving mechanism and an explanation for RAG off-target cleavage observed in humans. Our results explain the genetic basis for clonal evolution of an &lt;i&gt;ETV6-RUNX1&lt;/i&gt; preleukemic clone to pB-ALL after infection exposure and offer the possibility of novel therapeutic approaches. &lt;i&gt;Cancer Res; 77(16); 4365–77. ©2017 AACR&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
HEXIM1-Tat chimera inhibits HIV-1 replication (2018)

Transcription of HIV provirus is a key step of the viral cycle, and depends on the recruitment of the cellular positive transcription elongation factor b (P-TEFb) to the HIV promoter. The viral transactivator Tat can displace P-TEFb from the 7SK small nuclear ribonucleoprotein, where it is bound and inactivated by HEXIM1, and bring it to TAR, which allows the stalled RNA polymerase II to transition to successful transcription elongation. In this study, we designed a chimeric inhibitor of HIV transcription by combining functional domains from HEXIM1 and Tat. The chimera (HT1) potently inhibited gene expression from the HIV promoter, by competing with Tat for TAR and P-TEFb binding, while keeping the latter inactive. HT1 inhibited spreading infection as well as viral reactivation in lymphocyte T cell line models of HIV latency, with little effect on cellular transcription and metabolism. This proof-of-concept study validates an innovative approach to interfering with HIV transcription via peptide mimicry and competition for RNA-protein interactions. HT1 represents a new candidate for HIV therapy, or HIV cure via the proposed block and lock strategy.
New direct torque control of induction motor for minimum torque ripple and constant switching frequency (1999)

In this paper, a direct torque control (DTC) method of an induction machine is proposed which enables the minimum torque ripple control, while maintaining constant switching frequency. Some drawbacks of the conventional DTC are the relatively large torque ripple in a low speed range and the variation of switching frequency according to the amplitude of hysteresis bands and the motor operating speed. In the proposed strategy, an RMS torque-ripple equation is derived using instantaneous torque equations and, at each switching cycle, an optimal switching instant which satisfies the minimum torque-ripple condition is determined based on the ripple equation. The proposed strategy improves the performance of the DTC by combining a low-torque-ripple characteristic in steady state with the fast torque dynamics. Experimental results prove the feasibility of the proposed strategy as compared with the conventional method.
Computer‐assisted learning of Chinese idioms (1998)

Abstract Chinese idioms play an important role in Chinese vocabulary learning as well as having cultural and social functions. However, researchers found that Hong Kong students seldom use idioms. Not only are students writing characters incorrectly, they are using the idioms both incorrectly and inappropriately. A survey was conducted to examine the attitudes of Hong Kong students and teachers to learning Chinese idioms. According to the survey, primary teachers believed that computers can assist students in learning Chinese idioms more effectively than an idiom dictionary. Consequently, an experimental program for learning Chinese idioms was designed for students between 9 and 11 years old. As an evaluation, usability tests were carried out by interview and by survey. Both evaluations produced positive responses from the dependent and independent group of subjects which is an encouraging first step.
An integrated database of genes responsive to the Myc oncogenic transcription factor: identification of direct genomic targets (2003)

We report a database of genes responsive to the Myc oncogenic transcription factor. The database Myc Target Gene prioritizes candidate target genes according to experimental evidence and clusters responsive genes into functional groups. We coupled the prioritization of target genes with phylogenetic sequence comparisons to predict c-Myc target binding sites, which are in turn validated by chromatin immunoprecipitation assays. This database is essential for the understanding of the genetic regulatory networks underlying the genesis of cancers.
Rapid Analysis of Carcinoembryonic Antigen Levels in Gallbladder Bile Identification of Patients at High Risk of Colorectal Liver Metastasis (1991)

Recently it was found that immunoanalysis of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) levels in gallbladder bile may be a sensitive method to detect colorectal liver metastases in humans. Methods used in the past for the detection of CEA in various body fluids were cumbersome and time consuming, requiring acid extraction, extensive dialysis, and column purification. Single-step, solid-phase radioimmunoassays, designed specifically for serum CEA analysis, were developed commercially to replace these methods. Parameters and methodology necessary to adapt these kits for Parameters and methodology necessary to adapt these kits for use with gallbladder bile are presented here. A combination of pretreatment procedures for bile, before radioimmunoassay, permit rapid, reproducible, and accurate measurement of CEA levels in gallbladder bile.
APD Measurement for Evaluating Disturbances Related to the Performance of Digital Communication Systems (2005)

The measured values of electromagnetic disturbances should strongly correlate with degradation in the communication quality of digital wireless communication systems. The Amplitude Probability Distribution (APD) of a disturbance represents statistical information as applicable measurement readings that meet the above requirement. In this paper, correlations between APD measurements of disturbances and the bit error rate (BER) as a quality degradation index for victim systems are quantitatively investigated. Disturbance regulation by APD measurements is discussed from the viewpoint of protecting systems from disturbances. This investigation specifically considers the situation in which a repetition pulse disturbance impacts PHS and W-CDMA systems assumed as victims. The results confirm high correlations between the APD and BER not only experimentally but also theoretically under some conditions. A disturbance regulation criterion based on APD measurements is thus proposed for compliance testing of electronic appliances with the potential to act as disturbance noise sources.
Ascorbate- and dehydroascorbic acid-mediated reduction of free radicals in the human erythrocyte. (1991)

Nitroxides were used as models of persistent free radicals to study the antioxidant function of ascorbic acid in the human erythrocyte. It was concluded that: 1) ascorbate and other reductant(s) derived from dehydroascorbic acid (DHA) in the presence of thiols are the only significant reducing agents for nitroxides, 2) glutathione and DHA reduce nitroxides by a process that cannot be inhibited by ascorbic acid oxidase, 3) erythrocytes can be depleted of ascorbic acid by exhaustive washing in the presence of membrane-permeable cationic nitroxides such as N,N-dimethylamino-Tempo, 4) ascorbate-depleted cells do not reduce nitroxides; however, nitroxide reduction is restored when the cells are incubated with DHA, 5) reduction of nitroxides in ascorbate-depleted, DHA-treated cells is significantly faster than in buffered solutions of DHA and glutathione, 6) several equivalents of nitroxide are reduced relative to the intracellular ascorbate pool, 7) sustained nitroxide reduction is observed even when most of the intracellular ascorbate is oxidized, 8) spin trapping of oxyradicals in tert-butyl hydroperoxide-treated cells is accelerated with ascorbate depletion and inhibited with ascorbate loading, 9) ascorbate can be quantified within intact cells by analyzing the initial reduction rates of membrane-permeable cationic nitroxides, and 10) DHA-stimulated reduction of cationic nitroxides is slower and less extensive in erythrocytes deficient in glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase than in normal erythrocytes.
High‐density wiring technology in multiwire boards (1989)

Abstract This paper considers the recent requirement for high‐density packaging technology and discusses the high‐density wiring technique for the Multiwire board. A proposal is made for the wiring rule as well as the fundamental manufacturing processes, which can realize twice higher wiring density compared with the traditional method. The Multiwire wiring employing the insulated wires as conductor can realize the wire crossings on the same plane. However, the technique has the following problem. When thin wire is used and the wiring pitch is reduced to realize a high‐density wiring, the strength of the wire is reduced, its adhesion to the board is degraded, and an interference with the adjacent wire due to stylus is produced. Then there are dangers of producing such defects as wire breakage, floating wire, position shift and flaws in a wire insulator. Those phenomena place a limit on the high‐density implementation by reduciong of the wiring pitch. From such a viewpoint, the diagonal wiring is newly utilized positively, leading to the wire breakage prevention at three or four wire crossovers which has a high breakage probability. Based on the estimation of the number of terminals and the terminal pitch of the LSI package in the future, the required wiring density is calculated. The industrially practical accuracy is assigned to the manufacturing processes, and considering those situations, the high‐density wiring rules are discussed. As a result, the following wiring rules are derived. The through‐holes are located by a 2.54‐mm grid and at the center, and eight passings (five orthogonal plus three diagonal) in a 2.54‐mm grid can be made as the highest wiring density. In addition, some intermediate wiring rules for five, six and seven passings are also presented. An example is shown in which the new wiring rule is applied to the product based on those investigations.
Hematoporphyrin Monomethyl Ether-Mediated Photodynamic Therapy Selectively Kills Sarcomas by Inducing Apoptosis (2013)

We investigated the antitumor effect and mechanism of hematoporphyrin monomethyl ether-mediated photodynamic therapy (HMME-PDT) in sarcomas. Intracellular uptake of HMME by osteosarcoma cells (LM8 and K7) was time- and dose-dependent, while this was not observed for myoblast cells (C2C12) and fibroblast cells (NIH/3T3). HMME-PDT markedly inhibited the proliferation of sarcoma cell lines (LM8, MG63, Saos-2, SW1353, TC71, and RD) (P<0.05), and the killing effect was improved with increased HMME concentration and energy intensity. Flow cytometry analysis revealed that LM8, MG63, and Saos-2 cells underwent apoptosis after treatment with HMME-PDT. Additionally, apoptosis was induced after HMME-PDT in a three-dimensional culture of osteosarcoma cells. Hoechst 33342 staining confirmed apoptosis. Cell death caused by PDT was rescued by an irreversible inhibitor (Z-VAD-FMK) of caspase. However, cell viability was not markedly decreased compared with the HMME-PDT group. Expression levels of caspase-1, caspase-3, caspase-6, caspase-9, and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) proteins were markedly up-regulated in the treatment groups and increased with HMME concentration as determined by western blot analysis. In vivo, tumor volume markedly decreased at 7-16 days post-PDT. Hematoxylin and eosin staining revealed widespread necrotic and infiltrative inflammatory cells in the HMME-PDT group. Immunohistochemistry analysis also showed that caspase-1, caspase-3, caspase-6, caspase-9, and PARP proteins were significantly increased in the HMME-PDT group. These results indicate that HMME-PDT has a potent killing effect on osteosarcoma cells in vitro and significantly inhibits tumor growth in vivo, which is associated with the caspase-dependent pathway.
[Pathophysiologic aspects of homeostatic disorders in patients after open-heart surgery]. (1986)

Systemic and intracardiac hemodynamic parameters and laboratory characteristics of oxygen, acid-base and water-salt balance and tissue metabolism were examined in 172 patients operated on for acquired and congenital heart defects and coronary disease. Early postoperative acid-base (SB and BE) parameters in the presence of intensive care cannot be used for the diagnosis of metabolic shifts, while blood lactate monitoring helps to assess the severity of circulatory hypoxia and the adequacy of treatment, and make outcome prognosis.
UAV NACA4415 wing structural performance analysis subjected to external aerodynamic load using Schrenk’s approximation (2019)

Structural analysis is widely used in the analysis of aircraft structures with the common application of the finite element method. The optimum structural design of aircraft wing is the crucial aspect in the performance of the aircraft considering the high stiffness-to-weight ratio and sustain maneuvering condition. In this study, the structural analysis is carried out on the two types of NACA4415 leading edge wing, namely conventional and tubercles. The analysis involves the combination of internal structures that contributed towards the optimization of increase the strength of the wing.Tubercles at the leading edge (TLE) wing commonly known for its superior aerodynamic performancein Computational Fluid Dynamic (CFD) analysis. Whereas, Schrenk’s approximation method is usedto estimate aerodynamic load acting on aircraft lifting surfaces by predicting lift distribution along wing span. The structural static analysis is performed with the aid of computational finite element software, ANSYS 16.1 in order to determine stress and displacement distribution on the selected wing. Slight difference of both stress and displacement 0.4% and 0.1% as compared to conventional ones, thus proven that the design of TLE is acceptable for both aerodynamic and structural conditions. Hence, the result which showed that the composition of internal structures influences the strength of the wing in respect to the different pattern of leading edge.
Three-Dimensional Model-Based Object Recognition and Segmentation in Cluttered Scenes (2006)

Viewpoint independent recognition of free-form objects and their segmentation in the presence of clutter and occlusions is a challenging task. We present a novel 3D model-based algorithm which performs this task automatically and efficiently. A 3D model of an object is automatically constructed offline from its multiple unordered range images (views). These views are converted into multidimensional table representations (which we refer to as tensors). Correspondences are automatically established between these views by simultaneously matching the tensors of a view with those of the remaining views using a hash table-based voting scheme. This results in a graph of relative transformations used to register the views before they are integrated into a seamless 3D model. These models and their tensor representations constitute the model library. During online recognition, a tensor from the scene is simultaneously matched with those in the library by casting votes. Similarity measures are calculated for the model tensors which receive the most votes. The model with the highest similarity is transformed to the scene and, if it aligns accurately with an object in the scene, that object is declared as recognized and is segmented. This process is repeated until the scene is completely segmented. Experiments were performed on real and synthetic data comprised of 55 models and 610 scenes and an overall recognition rate of 95 percent was achieved. Comparison with the spin images revealed that our algorithm is superior in terms of recognition rate and efficiency.
Review of Turbulent Boundary Layer Models for Acoustic Analysis (2012)

A survey of the available turbulent boundary layer models for acoustic analysis is presented. The empirical mean square pressure models predict a relatively large spread in the values; bounded on the high end by Kraichnan and on the low end by Bull, and Willmarth and Wooldridge. The single point wall pressure spectrum models are evaluated and the two more modern models of Smol’yakov and Goody seem to perform the best. Important features of the normalized wavenumber-frequency spectrum models are presented. Separable models in the Corcos class tend to over-predict the response for a range of cases.