gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Parallel Processing in Retinal Ganglion Cells: How Integration of Space-Time Patterns of Excitation and Inhibition Form the Spiking Output (2006)

Our goal was to understand how patterns of excitation and inhibition, interacting across arrays of ganglion cells in space and time, generate the spiking output pattern for each ganglion cell type. We presented the retina with a 1-s flashed square, 600 microm on a side, and measured patterns of excitation and inhibition over an 1,800-microm-wide region encompassing many ganglion cells. Excitatory patterns of on ganglion cells resembled rectified versions of the voltage patterns of on bipolar cells. Inhibitory patterns in on ganglion cells resembled the rectified versions of voltage patterns of off bipolar cells. off ganglion cells received off excitation and on inhibition. Many ganglion cells also received an additional wide field transient inhibition derived from the activity of both on and off bipolar cells. Ganglion cell spiking was suppressed in those space-time regions dominated by inhibition. We classified each ganglion cell type by correlating its space-time patterns with its dendritic morphology. These studies suggest the bipolar and amacrine cell circuitry underlying the interplay between on and off signals that generate spiking patterns in ganglion cells. They reveal a surprising synergistic interaction between excitation and inhibition in most ganglion cells.
Effect of Fluoroethylene Carbonate Electrolytes on the Nanostructure of the Solid Electrolyte Interphase and Performance of Lithium Metal Anodes (2018)

The mechanism for the performance enhancement of lithium metal electrodes by fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC) is revealed. Electrolytes containing FEC, 1.2 M LiPF6 in ethylene carbonate (EC):ethyl methyl carbonate (EMC) (3:7, vol) with 10% FEC (mass %) and 1.2 M LiPF6 in FEC, improve the electrochemical performance of both Li∥Li and Cu∥LiFePO4 cells compared to the baseline electrolyte, 1.2 M LiPF6 in EC:EMC (3:7, vol). Ex situ surface analysis of lithium metal electrodes after the initial plating demonstrates that the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) generated from FEC containing electrolytes is similar to the SEI generated from the baseline electrolyte, yet the corresponding Coulombic efficiencies are markedly different. Electron microscopy investigations reveal the presence of a unique SEI containing nanostructured LiF particles for the lithium electrode plated from the 1.2 M LiPF6 in FEC electrolyte. The presence of the nanostructured LiF particles correlate with the improved cycling performance, suggesting that the morphology of the SEI is as important as the composition of the SEI.
ChemInform Abstract: ACTIVATED CARBOXYLIC ACID DERIVATIVES. II. A SIMPLE SYNTHESIS OF 2‐OXOCARBOXYLIC ACID AMIDES, N‐(2‐OXOACYL)AMINO ACID ESTERS AND 2‐OXOCARBOXYLIC ACID HYDRAZIDES (1978)

Abstract Das Dihydrothiophen‐dioxid (I) wird mit Oxalylchlorid in das cyclische Oxalat (II) übergeführt, das mit 2‐Oxocarbonsäuren (III) in Gegenwart von Pyridin die aktivierten Ester (IV) ergibt.
Design of Comb Fabricated Halbach Undulators (2019)

An approach to fabricating Halbach array undulators using “combs” machined from single magnets is introduced. This technique is especially relevant to the fabrication of short period micro-undulators with period lengths considerably less than the few-centimeter-scale typical of current undulators. Manual, magnet-by-magnet assembly of micro-undulators would require the manipulation and alignment of thousands of magnets smaller than a grain of rice: comb fabrication dramatically increases the size of the basic unit cell of assembly with no increase in undulator period by creating many periods from a single piece, in a single machining modality. Further, as these comb teeth are intrinsically indexed to each other, tolerances are dictated by a single manufacturing step rather than accumulating errors by assembling many tiny magnets relative to each other. Different Halbach geometries, including M ′ = 2 , M ′ = 4 , isosceles triangle, and hybrid, are examined both from a theoretical perspective and with 3D magnetostatic simulations.
Increased pigmentation in scleroderma. (1996)

Clinically uninvolved skin in many of these patients with SSc was abnormal, and subtle changes of SSc were present, especially in the pigmented biopsies. There was no evidence of adrenal deficiency in these patients. It is difficult pathologically to differentiate the changes in pigmented compared to unpigmented skin in patients with SSc, except for changes of increased melanin and pigmentary incontinence.
Gettering in fusion devices (1984)

The use of gettering has been important for magnetic confinement fusion research. It has helped to increase the understanding of plasma material interactions and has facilitated the access to new modes of device operation. In this paper we review the characteristics of getters used in fusion research. We also present a survey of the past, present, and future applications in mirrors and tokamaks.
Design and Synthetic Applications of New Heterometallacycles (1994)

Abstract The reaction of cyclic anhydrides with Ni(0) complexes lead to the formation of nickelacycles by oxidative addition followed by decarbonylation. The preparation of chiral nickelacycles from anhydrides derived from amino acids and their reactivity is described. The formation of new heteropalladacycles by C‐H activation or transmetallation reactions and their reactivity will be also discussed.
Stably integrated and expressed retroviral sequences can influence nuclear location and chromatin condensation of the integration locus (2012)

The large-scale chromatin organization of retrovirus and retroviral gene vector integration loci has attracted little attention so far. We compared the nuclear organization of transcribed integration loci with the corresponding loci on the homologous chromosomes. Loci containing gamma-retroviral gene transfer vectors in mouse hematopoietic precursor cells showed small but significant repositioning of the integration loci towards the nuclear interior. HIV integration loci in human cells showed a significant repositioning towards the nuclear interior in two out of five cases. Notably, repositioned HIV integration loci also showed chromatin decondensation. Transcriptional activation of HIV by sodium butyrate treatment did not lead to a further enhancement of the differences between integration and homologous loci. The positioning relative to splicing speckles was indistinguishable for integration and homologous control loci. Our data show that stable retroviral integration can lead to alterations of the nuclear chromatin organization, and has the potential to modulate chromatin structure of the host cell. We thus present an example where a few kb of exogenous DNA are sufficient to significantly alter the large-scale chromatin organization of an endogenous locus.
Back Cover: Lyotropic Lamellar Phase Formed from Monolayered θ‐Shaped Carborane‐Cage Amphiphiles (Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 46/2013) (2013)

Unlike the self-assembly of other surfactants, that of metallacarborane clusters, described as θ-shaped amphiphiles, does not originate from the hydrophobic effect. In their Communication on page 12114 ff., P. Bauduin et al. show that specific interactions involving many intermolecular dihydrogen bonds, such as CHδ+⋅⋅⋅δ−HB, are the key to understanding the aggregation process in water. This peculiarity results in the formation of lyotropic lamellar phases with a unique monomolecular structure.
Correlated responses of height increment and components of increment in 2-year-old Douglas-fir (1989)

The consequences for growth and phenology of early selection for height or its growth components were evaluated in 160 open-pollinated families of Douglas-fir (Pseudotsugamenziesii (Mirb.) Franco) from southwestern Oregon. Seedlings from two inland and two coastal populations (40 families each) were grown for two growing seasons in a common garden. Predicted response to selection suggests that risk of low juvenile–mature correlation and maladaptation with early selection would be less in the inland than in the coastal region. A phenological event that influences a common growth pattern seems to account for the difference in response. Early bud set in the 1st year was genetically correlated with larger overwintering buds in seedlings from both inland and coastal regions. These larger buds yielded a large increment of predetermined growth in the 2nd year, followed by little or no free growth and early bud set. Seedlings with late bud set in the 1st year had the converse pattern. Inland seedlings set buds much earlier on the average than did coastal seedlings; hence seedlings from the two regions had different growth patterns. Risks that can attend early selection for height generally would be decreased in both regions by selecting for predetermined growth, but several qualifications are discussed.
Charged Metal Nanoparticles for Chemoelectronic Circuits (2019)

Although metal nanoparticles (NPs) stabilized with self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) of various organic ligands have proven useful in applications ranging from chemical sensing, to bionanotechnology, to plasmonics and energy conversion, they have not been widely considered as suitable building blocks of electronic circuitry, largely because metals screen electric fields and prevent electrically tunable conductivity. However, when metal nanoparticles a few nanometers in size are stabilized by charged ligands and placed under bias, the counterions surrounding the NPs can redistribute and establish local electric fields that feed back into the electronic currents passing through the nanoparticles' metallic cores. Herein, the manner in which the interplay between counterion gradients and electron flows can be controlled by using different types of SAMs is discussed. This can give rise to a new class of nanoparticle-based "chemoelectronic" logic circuits capable of sensing, processing, and ultimately reporting various chemical signals.
Experimental Assessment of the Performance and Fine Particulate Matter Emissions of a LPG-Diesel Dual-Fuel Compression Ignition Engine (2022)

The present work is focused on the assessment of the performance and fine particulate matter emissions (PM2.5) of a turbocharged four-cylinder direct injection diesel engine operating under dual-fuel mode with Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG). For load levels of 30%, 60% and 100%, measurements were taken, keeping the engine speed constant at 2200, 2500 and 3200 rpm, while the engine knock detonation was detected through a non-invasive internal system. According to experimental measurements, the abnormal knock combustion occurred at full load operation with a maximum LPG energy fraction of ~60%. The brake fuel conversion efficiency increased by 2.6% with an LPG energy fraction of 10%, where a fuel saving of 11.9% was achieved with respect to the diesel-only operation. The reduction of diesel consumption was around 50% with respect to 100% diesel operation at full load operations, where the highest brake fuel conversion efficiency was achieved. The brake fuel conversion efficiency decreased as LPG addition increased for all the engine loads. Regarding emissions, PM2.5 decreased with the addition of LPG. However, HC and CO emissions increased as LPG injection was higher. NOx emissions and exhaust gas temperatures were reduced for operation with higher LPG fractions, except for full load levels at 2200 and 2500 rpm.
Effect of Co- and Non-Copolymerizable Lewis Bases in Propylene Polymerization with EtInd2ZrCl2/MAO (2001)

This paper reports the effect of co- and non-copolymerizable Lewis bases in propylene polymerization with the soluble system EtInd2ZrCl2/MAO. With non-copolymerizable Lewis bases, the activity and the molar mass of poly(propylene) are diminished. This result is unusual because there is agreement about the cationic nature of the active site in Zirconocene/MAO systems and the effect of a Lewis base must be to decrease the termination constant versus the propagation constant, considering the diminished electrophilicity of Zr. In the case of copolymerizable Lewis bases, the negative effect on activity is higher. An explanation of the data is given, with a new model of Lewis bases/cationic Zr interaction, taking account of recent reports about the structure of active sites.
Situationally Induced Impairment in Navigation Support for Runners (2019)

Mobile devices are ubiquitous and support us in a myriad of situations. In this paper, we study the support that mobile devices provide for navigation. It presents our findings on the Situational Induced Impairments and Disabilities (SIID) during running. We define the context of runners and the factors affecting the use of mobile devices for navigation during running. We discuss design implications and introduce early concepts to address the uncovered SIID issues. This work contributes to the growing body of research on SIID in using mobile devices.
Nutritional management of lipids for overweight and obesity: what can we achieve? (2008)

Overweight and obesity are independent risk factors for cardiovascular disease. Manycardiovascular disease risk factors are elevated in overweight and obese individuals,including dyslipidemia and inflammation, among others. Current dietary recommendations focus on achieving a healthy body weight and lowering intake of transand saturated fat, and cholesterol to reduce total cholesterol and LDL-C. Recent advancesin our knowledge of lipid responses to specific macronutrient(s) means that it is nowpossible to individualize diet ‘prescriptions’ on the basis of the presenting clinicallipid/lipoprotein profile. However, these diets may be less effective in overweight, obeseindividuals who are ‘inflamed’ and insulin resistant. Consequently, there is great interest inidentifying strategies for decreasing inflammation and increasing insulin sensitivity to realizethe full benefits of a blood cholesterol-lowering diet in overweight or obese individuals.
A machine vision system using circular autoregressive models for rapid recognition of salmonella typhimurium (2012)

The objective of this research was to develop a machine vision system using image processing and statistical modeling techniques to identify and enumerate bacteria on slides containing Salmonella typhimurium. Pictures of bacterial cells were acquired with a CCD camera attached to a motorized fluorescence microscope. A shape boundary modeling technique, based on the use of circular autoregressive model parameters, was used. A feature weighting classifier was trained with ten images belonging to each shape class (rod shape and circle shape). In order to enhance the discrimination of circular shapes, a size range was added to the recognition algorithm. Experimental results showed that the model parameters could be used as descriptors of shape boundaries detected in digitized binary images of bacterial cells. The introduction of the rotated coordinate method and the circular size restriction, reduced the differences between automated and manual recognition/enumeration from 7% to less than 1%. The computer analyzed each image in approximately 5 s (a total of 2 h including sample preparation), while the bacteriologist spent an average of 1 min for each image.
Data from Phase I Study of the Liposomal Formulation of Eribulin (E7389-LF): Results from the Advanced Gastric Cancer Expansion Cohort (2023)

&lt;div&gt;AbstractPurpose:&lt;p&gt;In the dose-expansion part of this open-label, phase I study, we explored the efficacy and safety of E7389-LF (liposomal formulation of eribulin) in Japanese patients with advanced gastric cancer.&lt;/p&gt;Patients and Methods:&lt;p&gt;Patients with advanced gastric cancer who had been previously treated with ≥2 lines of chemotherapy received E7389-LF 2.0 mg/m&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; every 3 weeks (the previously determined maximum tolerated dose, the primary objective of Study 114). Secondary objectives included objective response rate (ORR), progression-free survival (PFS), and safety; exploratory objectives included disease control rate (DCR) and clinical benefit rate (CBR), as well as pharmacodynamic measurements of serum biomarkers.&lt;/p&gt;Results:&lt;p&gt;As of June 24, 2021, 34 patients were enrolled and treated (10 from the original dose-expansion cohort, expanded to include 24 additional patients). Six patients had partial responses, for an ORR of 17.6% [95% confidence interval (CI), 6.8–34.5], and the median PFS was 3.7 months (95% CI, 2.7–4.8). The DCR was 79.4% (95% CI, 62.1–91.3), and the CBR was 32.4% (95% CI, 17.4–50.5). Overall, 32 patients (94.1%) experienced treatment-related adverse events, and 26 patients (76.5%) experienced grade ≥3 events, most commonly neutropenia (41.2%) and leukopenia (29.4%). Of the 8 endothelial cell/vasculature markers tested in this study, 7 were significantly increased among patients treated with E7389-LF; these changes were generally consistent regardless of best overall response.&lt;/p&gt;Conclusions:&lt;p&gt;E7389-LF 2.0 mg/m&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; every 3 weeks was tolerable and showed preliminary activity for the treatment of patients with gastric cancer.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF SEVERAL NEW PYRAZOLO(5,1‐C)(1,2,4)TRIAZOLES, IMIDAZO(1,2‐B)PYRAZOLES, AND PYRAZOLO(3,4‐B)PYRAZINES. REACTION OF NITRILIMINES WITH AMINO‐ AND OXO‐SUBSTITUTED AZOLES. II (1984)

Abstract Das aus dem Chlorhydrazon (II) durch basenkatalysierte Halogen‐Eliminierung erzeugte Nitrilimin reagiert mit den Aminotriazolen (Ia)‐(lc) unter dipolarer [2 + 3]‐Cycloaddition und Eliminierung der NH 2 ‐Gruppe zu den Pyrazolotriazolen (III), während bei der Reaktion von (Id) mit (II) nur N‐Alkylierung zu dem Derivat (IV) erfolgt.
Sensorless control of PM motor drives &#x2014; A technology status review (2013)

The control of Brushless Permanent Magnet Motors require rotor position information that can be measured by means of a position sensor. The motion sensorless control aims at eliminating the motor position sensor and its corresponding electronic conditioning circuits, cabling and connectors. Besides a clear cost reduction, the motion sensorless drives have better reliability when compared with their position sensor-based counterparts. The research conducted in the last two decades has provided many different solutions that are used in many applications. Nevertheless, the literature reports just a few survey papers dealing with this important topic. This paper intends providing a comprehensive review of the sensorless control solutions, including the machine influence on the sensorless drive performance.
Growing interest-oriented learning communities for mobile-learners (2004)

How to increase the learning efficiency in m-learning is becoming more and more important. Thus, there is an urgent need to find an effective way to cluster m-learners based on dynamic learning behaviours and provide suitable personalised recommendation based on group learners. This paper reports on an attempt to construct a flexible and effective self-organisation system that groups similar m-learners according to their interests and dynamic learning behaviours. We use a multi-agent mechanism to manage and organise m-learners. Furthermore, we present effective award and exchange algorithms, so eventually m-learners with similar interests can be clustered into the same community. Experiments have shown that this mechanism can organise m-learners properly, and has sustainably improved speed and efficiency.
Organoselenium and Organotellurium Compounds:  Toxicology and Pharmacology (2004)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleOrganoselenium and Organotellurium Compounds: Toxicology and PharmacologyCristina W. Nogueira, Gilson Zeni, and João B. T. RochaView Author Information Laboratório de Síntese, Reatividade e Avaliacão Farmacológica e Toxicológica de Organocalcogênios, CCNE, UFSM, Santa Maria, CEP 97105-900 Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil Cite this: Chem. Rev. 2004, 104, 12, 6255–6286Publication Date (Web):November 3, 2004Publication History Received13 July 2004Published online3 November 2004Published inissue 1 December 2004https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cr0406559https://doi.org/10.1021/cr0406559research-articleACS PublicationsCopyright © 2004 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views8735Altmetric-Citations1597LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Antioxidants,Aromatic compounds,Hydrocarbons,Peptides and proteins,Rodent models Get e-Alerts
Statistical Performance Bounds for Coded-Aperture Compressive Spectral-Polarimetric Imaging (2012)

We apply statistical information and Bayesian estimation theories to calculate certain fundamental bounds on the reconstruction of segment boundaries, material type, and surface texture of sparse objects from their coded-aperture compressive spectral-polarimetric image data.
Expanding Queries Using Multiple Resources (The AID Group at TREC 2006: Genomics Track) (2006)

Abstract: We describe our participation in the TREC 2006 Genomics track, in which our main focus was on query expansion. We hypothesized that applying query expansion techniques would help us both to identify and retrieve synonymous terms, and to cope with ambiguity. To this end, we developed several collection-specific as well as web-based strategies. We also performed post-submission experiments, in which we compare various retrieval engines, such as Lucene, Indri, and Lemur, using a simple baseline topicset. When indexing entire paragraphs as pseudodocuments, we find that Lemur is able to achieve the highest document-, passage-, and aspect-level scores, using the KL-divergence method and its default settings. Additionally, we index the collection at a lower level of granularity, by creating pseudo-documents comprising of individual sentences. When we search these instead of paragraphs in Lucene, the passage-level scores improve considerably. Finally we note that stemming improves overall scores by at least 10%. 1
An algal lectin griffithsin inhibits Hantaan virus infection in vitro and in vivo (2022)

Hantaan virus (HTNV) is the etiological pathogen of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome in East Asia. There are currently no effective therapeutics approved for HTNV and other hantavirus infections. We found that griffithsin (GRFT), an algae-derived lectin with broad-spectrum antiviral activity against various enveloped viruses, can inhibit the growth and spread of HTNV. <i>In vitro</i> experiments using recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus (rVSV) with HTNV glycoproteins as a model revealed that the GRFT inhibited the entry of rVSV-HTNV-G into host cells. In addition, we demonstrated that GRFT prevented authentic HTNV infection <i>in vitro</i> by binding to the viral <i>N</i>-glycans. <i>In vivo</i> experiments showed that GRFT partially protected the suckling mice from death induced by intracranial exposure to HTNV. These results demonstrated that GRFT can be a promising agent for inhibiting HTNV infection.