gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Marked Genomic Differences Characterize Primary and Secondary Glioblastoma Subtypes and Identify Two Distinct Molecular and Clinical Secondary Glioblastoma Entities (2006)

Glioblastoma is classified into two subtypes on the basis of clinical history: "primary glioblastoma" arising de novo without detectable antecedent disease and "secondary glioblastoma" evolving from a low-grade astrocytoma. Despite their distinctive clinical courses, they arrive at an indistinguishable clinical and pathologic end point highlighted by widespread invasion and resistance to therapy and, as such, are managed clinically as if they are one disease entity. Because the life history of a cancer cell is often reflected in the pattern of genomic alterations, we sought to determine whether primary and secondary glioblastomas evolve through similar or different molecular pathogenetic routes. Clinically annotated primary and secondary glioblastoma samples were subjected to high-resolution copy number analysis using oligonucleotide-based array comparative genomic hybridization. Unsupervised classification using genomic nonnegative matrix factorization methods identified three distinct genomic subclasses. Whereas one corresponded to clinically defined primary glioblastomas, the remaining two stratified secondary glioblastoma into two genetically distinct cohorts. Thus, this global genomic analysis showed wide-scale differences between primary and secondary glioblastomas that were previously unappreciated, and has shown for the first time that secondary glioblastoma is heterogeneous in its molecular pathogenesis. Consistent with these findings, analysis of regional recurrent copy number alterations revealed many more events unique to these subclasses than shared. The pathobiological significance of these shared and subtype-specific copy number alterations is reinforced by their frequent occurrence, resident genes with clear links to cancer, recurrence in diverse cancer types, and apparent association with clinical outcome. We conclude that glioblastoma is composed of at least three distinct molecular subtypes, including novel subgroups of secondary glioblastoma, which may benefit from different therapeutic strategies.
5.1 A 240×192 Pixel 10fps 70klux 225m-Range Automotive LiDAR SoC Using a 40ch 0.0036mm2 Voltage/Time Dual-Data-Converter-Based AFE (2020)

A safe and reliable self-driving system is a key enabling technology for a society without traffic jams or accidents; LiDAR plays an essential role for such systems. To ensure higher levels of safety and comfort, early detection of small objects (e.g., debris/children) is crucial. To achieve this, state-of-the-art LiDARs [1-3] must attain even more finely scaled pixel resolution: for example, a 0.1-degree angle resolution (a 2× finer resolution than [3]) is required to detect a 20×20cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> object 100m away. However, hybrid LiDAR systems [3] require a pair of TDC/ADC AFEs per pixel to obtain both precise short-range (SR) distance measurement (DM) and 200m long-range (LR) DM. Scaling the pixel resolution will significantly enlarge the SoC area and explode its cost.
Blocking the Negative Effects of Pyridoxine on Patients Receiving Levodopa (1971)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Duvoisin et al<sup>1</sup>reported that administration of pyridoxine may cancel the therapeutic and the side effects of levodopa. This was confirmed in several centers, including our own.<sup>2</sup>Consequently, industry produced and marketed a pyridoxine-free preparation (Larobec) which covers needs for vitamins in patients receiving levodopa. While continuing our experiments with the peripheral metabolic inhibitor D, L-alpha-methyl dopahydrazine or MK 485,<sup>3</sup>we noted that diurnal variations in performance could be controlled with orally administered combinations of inhibitor and levodopa. Such combinations have also diminished the striking postprandial reemergence of symptoms otherwise experienced by some of our patients.<sup>2,3</sup>We were thus encouraged to test whether the inhibitor blocked the adverse effects of administered pyridoxine. Pyridoxine (up to 100 mg three times each day) was given orally to seven patients for at least one week while they were in a metabolic ward and were receiving combinations
Identification and development of novel antifibrotic agents (1997)

The second IBC meeting on fibrosis was held in Washington DC on April 28 - 29. Presentations covered a broad range of topics, including investigation of basic mechanisms that underlie the causes of fibrosis to novel therapeutic methods. Although the investigative area is in an early stage, much progress has been made concerning the development of a uniform mechanism for fibrotic disorders. It is anticipated that significant gains in the understanding of the cellular and molecular base for these disorders will lead to the development of effective therapeutic approaches in the near future.
Digital control of an interferometric balance for micro-thrust measurement (2004)

The digital control of an interferometric force balance, ‘Nanobalance’, for on ground qualification of space microthrusters aiming at sub-micronewton accuracy is presented. Low noise thrusters will be essential for upcoming ‘dragfree’ space missions like GOCE, SMART-2 and LISA. Nanobalance departs from traditional thrust measuring concepts to exploit sensitivity of Fabry-Perot interferometers to micro displacements. The paper focuses on the digital control, driving the interferometer laser frequency to track the micro displacements caused by the micro-thruster under test to a suspended optical cavity. The digital control, designed and tested in parallel to instrument construction, is now currently employed for instrument calibration and tests. The paper extends and updates an introductory report presented to past ACC.
Effects of the use of heather as anthelmintic in goats infected with trichostrongylus colubriformis on ruminal fermentation and digestibility (2011)

1 page.-- Contributed to: 13 th Seminar of the FAO-CIHEAM Sub-Network on Sheep and Goat Nutrition: Challenging strategies to promote sheep and goat sector in the current global context (León, Spain, oct 14-16, 2009).
High temperature shape memory polyimide ionomer (2016)

ABSTRACT In this work, a high temperature shape memory polymer based on polyimide (PI) ionomer is prepared by introducing ionic crosslinked interaction. The ionic crosslinked points are introduced to polymer networks through the reaction between polyamic acid and calcium hydroxide before thermal imidization. The crosslinked reaction, microtopography, mechanical, thermal, and shape memory properties of PI ionomers are systematically investigated. The results show the introduction of ionic crosslinked interaction could enhance the glass transition temperature, mechanical, and shape recovery performance of ODA‐ODPA, a PI. The prepared ionomers exhibit good high temperature shape memory properties around 270 °C. The shape fixation and shape recovery ratio are over 99% and 90%, respectively. This method provided a new sight of preparing high temperature shape memory polymer, which could be used in severe conditions, like aerospace industry field. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016 , 133 , 43630.
Secure Global Software Development: A Practitioners’ Perspective (2023)

Global software development (GSD) is rapidly becoming standard practice in the software industry due to its many potential benefits. However, one of the biggest challenges in GSD projects is to explicitly include security in the different phases of the global software development life cycle (GSDLC). To make GSD projects secure and successful, it is necessary to identify secure software development (SSD) practices vital to GSD project success. This article aims to identify SSD practices critical for GSD projects. To do this, we selected 36 security practices vital to the security of non-GSD projects from existing scientific and grey literature on software security. From the identified security practices, we shortlisted the security practices which are critical for GSD projects based on practitioners’ opinions using an online survey. Fifty-four GSD practitioners participated in this survey. Participants who evaluated these practices were asked to score each SSD practice on a four-point scale to indicate its relevance to GSD projects. The results obtained from the survey uncovered critical SSD practices that are primarily applicable to GSD projects. Our findings reveal variations of opinion among GSD practitioners with varying experience and company size regarding the importance of selected security practices for GSD. According to study findings, 16/36 practices are critical for GSD projects. These identified security practices belong to various phases of GSDLC.
Single-cell transcriptomics reveals the identity and regulators of human mast cell progenitors (2021)

Abstract Mast cell accumulation is a hallmark of a number of diseases including allergic asthma and systemic mastocytosis. IgE-mediated crosslinking of the FcεRI receptors causes mast cell activation and contributes to disease pathogenesis. The mast cell lineage is one of the least studied among the hematopoietic cell lineages and there are still controversies about the identity of the mast cell progenitor, i.e., whether FcεRI expression appears during the hematopoietic progenitor stage or in maturing mast cells. Here, we used single-cell transcriptomics to reveal a temporal association between the appearance of FcεRI and the mast cell gene signature in CD34 + hematopoietic progenitors. In agreement with these data, the FcεRI + hematopoietic progenitors formed morphologically, phenotypically and functionally mature mast cells in long-term culture assays. Single-cell transcriptomics analysis further revealed the expression patterns of prospective cytokine receptors regulating mast cell progenitor development. Culture assays showed that IL-3 and IL-5 promoted disparate effects on progenitor cell proliferation and survival, respectively, whereas IL-33 caused robust FcεRI downregulation. Taken together, we have demonstrated that FcεRI appears during the hematopoietic progenitor stage of mast cell differentiation and that external stimuli may regulate the FcεRI expression. Thus, the results resolve the controversy regarding the appearance of FcεRI during mast cell development. One-sentence summary Single-cell analysis of human hematopoiesis uncovers the stage at which FcεRI appears during mast cell differentiation and reveals disparate effects of IL-3, IL-5 and IL-33 on mast cell progenitor proliferation, survival, and suppression of FcεRI expression.
A mesterséges intelligencia néhány biztonsági vetülete (2020)

Összefoglalás. A mély mesterséges neuronhálók elterjedése az ipari alkalmazásokban évekkel azok megbízhatóságával, értelmezhetőségével, és biztonságával kapcsolatos szakterületek fejlődését megelőzően történt. Az egyik, gyakorlatban is jelentős területen, a képfelismerésben például a megvalósult megoldások szinte már emberi teljesítményre képesek, de ezzel együtt célzott zajjal ezek a rendszerek félrevezethetők, megzavarhatók. Jelen kéziratban ismertetünk néhány tipikus biztonsági problémát, valamint rámutatunk arra, hogy a hagyományos szoftverfejlesztés területén alkalmazott minőségbiztosítási módszerekkel rokon megoldásokra szükség van az MI-re épülő rendszerek fejlesztésében, akár a mesterséges neuronhálók biztonságát, akár az MI rendszerek hagyományos komponenseinek fejlesztését tartjuk szem előtt. Summary. Research on the trustworthiness, interpretability and security of deep neural networks lags behind the widespread application of the technology in industrial applications. For example, in image recognition, modern solutions are capable of nearly human performance. However, with targeted adversarial noise, these systems can be arbitrarily manipulated. Here, we discuss some of the security problems and point out that quality assurance methods used in traditional software development should also be adapted when developing AI-based systems, whether in the security of artificial neural networks or traditional components of AI systems. One of the main concerns about neural networks today that – to the best of our knowledge – affects all deep neural networks is the existence of adversarial examples. These examples are relatively easy to find and according to a recent experiment, a well-chosen input can attack more networks at the same time. In this paper we also present a wider perspective of security of neural architectures borrowed from the traditional software engineering discipline. While in traditional development several methods are widely applied for software testing and fault localization, there is a lack of similar well-established methods in the neural network context. In case of deep neural networks, systematic testing tools and methods are in the early stage, and a methodology to test and verify the proper behavior of the neural networks is highly desirable. Robustness testing of machine learning algorithms is a further issue. This requires the generation of large random input data using fuzz testing methods. The adaptation of automatic fault localization techniques has already started by defining notions like code coverage to neural networks. Lastly, we argue that the effective development of high quality AI-based systems need well suited frameworks that can facilitate the daily work of scientists and software developers – like the Deep-Water framework, presented in the closing part of the paper.
Magnetization and transport currents in thin superconducting films (1994)

The critical-state behavior of an infinitely long type-II superconducting thin-film strip is theoretically analyzed for an arbitrary sequence of applied transport currents and perpendicular magnetic fields. Included are solutions for applied field only, transport current only, transport current applied to a sample initially in the remanent critical state, ac applied field, ac transport current, and simultaneously applied field and transport current. The results are compared side by side with corresponding solutions for the more famililar slab geometry; there are striking differences in behavior.
Particle segregation in suspensions subject to high-gradient ac electric fields (2000)

An experimental and theoretical study is described dealing with the dielectrophoretic motion of individual particles in a static as well as in a flowing suspension subject to high-gradient ac electric fields. The experiments were performed on very dilute suspensions of neutrally buoyant hollow ceramic spheres in a specially designed device in which the electric-field lines and the dielectrophoretic force were along the plane perpendicular to the streamlines of the main flow. Upon application of a high-gradient field (∼several kV/mm) to a quiescent suspension, the particles were found to move away from the electrodes and then to concentrate above the grounded electrodes, forming a distinct boundary between the clean fluid and the remaining suspension. This same field, when applied to a flowing suspension, caused the particles to concentrate within thin stripes parallel to the flow above the grounded electrodes and to travel with the suspending fluid within these stripes. The theoretical model for the particle motion included only the dielectrophoretic force and the viscous drag, and required no fitting parameters because the particle polarizability was calculated independently by measuring the concentration dependence of the complex permittivity of the suspension in a spatially uniform electric field of low strength (∼several V/mm). The computed particle motions and pattern formations were found to be in a good agreement with the experimental data. These results demonstrate that the expression for the dielectrophoretic force which employs the value of the particle polarization measured in fields of low strength can be used for describing the particle motions in fields of high strength. This approach enables one to model a broad range of electro-hydrodynamic phenomena in suspensions irrespective of whether or not they are perfectly insulating or perfectly conducting.
Remittance spectroscopy mapping of human skin in vivo (1999)

Background/aims: Remittance spectroscopy of human skin may be influenced by probe application pressure and body site. Methods: We investigated remittance spectroscopy qualities of human skin in vivo in different areas: a) forearm, b) frontal, c) back, d) back of the hand, e) palms and f) cheek. Twenty volunteers of skin type 2–3 free of inflammatory skin diseases, were enrolled into the study. Spectroscopy readings were performed with a fiber optic spectrometer (Ocean Optics, USA). The readings were taken with standardized force (0 and 100 pont) by applying the probe vertically to the skin surface. The remittance in relation to wavelength was registered. White light with wavelengths from 420 to 750 nm were used. Individual remittance values and their standard deviations were obtained from 20 readings each. Results/Conclusions: Spectroscopic patterns of skin are influenced by external force and regional factors. Standardization remains critical for the use of this approach in bioengineering of skin.
Related Article from Aflibercept in Pediatric Solid Tumors: Moving Beyond the Trap (2023)

Related Article from Aflibercept in Pediatric Solid Tumors: Moving Beyond the Trap
Properties of GaAs/Si heterostructure material fabricated by low temperature wafer bonding using a spin-on-glass intermediate layer (2004)

MBE grown GaAs wafers were bonded, using spin on glass, on CMOS and plain Si wafers, GaAs substrate was removed to provide a thin layer of GaAs material, on top of silicon, for device processing. Structural investigation of the GaAs filmoil was done using TEM. Material quality was further investigated using photoluminescence measurements. Built in strain was measured using photoreflectance measurements for a range of temperatures and compared to that of an epitaxially grown GaAs on Si. High quality material that is nearly stress free at room temperature was successfully integrated with Si using the proposed method.
Cholecystokinin (CCK)‐expressing neurons in the suprachiasmatic nucleus: innervation, light responsiveness and entrainment in CCK‐deficient mice (2010)

The suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) is the principal pacemaker driving circadian rhythms of physiology and behaviour. Neurons within the SCN express both classical and neuropeptide transmitters which regulate clock functions. Cholecyctokinin (CCK) is a potent neurotransmitter expressed in neurons of the mammalian SCN, but its role in circadian timing is not known. In the present study, CCK was demonstrated in a distinct population of neurons located in the shell region of the SCN and in a few cells in the core region. The CCK neurons did not express vasopressin or vasoactive intestinal peptide. However, CCK-containing processes make synaptic contacts with both groups of neurons and some CCK cell bodies were innervated by VIPergic neurons. The CCK neurons received no direct input from the three major pathways to the SCN, and the CCK neurons were not light-responsive as evaluated by induction of cFOS, and did not express the core clock protein PER1. Accordingly, CCK-deficient mice showed normal entrainment and had similar τ, light-induced phase shift and negative masking behaviour as wild-type animals. In conclusion, CCK signalling seems not to be involved directly in light-induced resetting of the clock or in regulating core clock function. The expression of CCK in a subpopulation of neurons, which do not belonging to either the VIP or AVP cells but which have synaptic contacts to both cell types and reverse innervation of CCK neurons from VIP neurons, suggests that the CCK neurons may act in non-photic regulation within the clock and/or, via CCK projections, mediate clock information to hypothalamic nuclei.
Globalization and the Developmental State: Reflections on the Asian Financial Crisis (2020)

Related to the issue of governance, globalization also affects economic performance. Globalization can propel countries to new economic heights or it can lead to dramatic domestic dislocations–a fact affirmed by the changing fortunes of East Asia. This chapter discusses the challenges that globalization poses to the developmental state. It argues that the financial crisis induced by participation in the global economy has made it imperative to reform, but not jettison, the state. The chapter presents an argument for placing the present globalization in a longer historical context. It contrasts two different theories on the East Asian economic miracle that are relevant to the discussions on globalization. The chapter shows the degree of Asia’s globalization in light of certain commonly used indicators so as to establish a partial account of the Asian financial crisis. It concludes with a discussion of the future of the developmental state.
Nerve growth factor-induced increase in the cell-free phosphorylation of a nuclear protein in PC12 cells. (1985)

In previous studies from this laboratory (Yu, M.W., Tolson, N. W., and Guroff, G. (1980) J. Biol. Chem. 255, 10481-10492) nerve growth factor treatment of PC12 cells was shown to increase the phosphorylation of a specific nonhistone nuclear protein. In the present work these whole-cell observations have been pursued and a cell-free system developed, based on the detergent treatment devised by Lenk et al. (Lenk, R., Ransom, L., Kaufmann, Y., and Penman, S. (1977) Cell 10, 67-78), in order to explore the nerve growth factor-sensitive phosphorylation system in biochemical detail. Using this preparation it has been shown that treatment of the whole cells with nerve growth factor for 30 min or more leads to a marked increase in the subsequent cell-free phosphorylation of the same nonhistone nuclear protein. A characterization of this phosphorylation indicates that it is quite labile to heat and to structural disruption, that it prefers ATP as phosphate donor, and that it requires Mg2+, but is inhibited by high Mg2+ levels as well as by certain other divalent cations. The site of phosphorylation appears to be on serine residues of the protein, as was the phosphorylation observed previously in whole cells. The use of various inhibitors and stimulators suggests that the kinase catalyzing this phosphorylation is not cAMP-dependent, nor is it similar to protein kinase C or casein kinase. The increased phosphorylation produced by nerve growth factor is not transient, the stimulation being constant for at least 3 days in the continuous presence of nerve growth factor. Increases in the phosphorylation of the same nuclear protein can be seen upon treatment of the cells with other effectors such as epidermal growth factor and dibutyryl cyclic AMP, the latter in spite of the fact that cAMP-dependence could not be established in the cell-free system. Finally, a similar system, with a similar stimulation of phosphorylation due to nerve growth factor treatment, can be prepared from sympathetic ganglia from neonatal animals.
Hacking Science: The ALivE Group's Material Design Methods for Interdisciplinary Environments (2015)

Advances in the understanding and processing of materials have historically been one of the foremost drivers of architectural innovation. Today, groundbreaking material developments mainly occur on the nano‐scale, and thus lie outside most designers' working knowledge and expertise. Martin Bechthold , Professor of Architectural Technology at the Harvard Graduate School of Design (GSD), and Allen Sayegh , Associate Professor in Practice of Architectural Technology at the GSD, introduce the work of the Adaptive Living Environments (ALivE) group at Harvard University, which seeks to reconcile fundamental material science with architectural design through new modes of interdisciplinary collaboration drawing from contemporary cultures of computation and hacking.
Sarcophagid Flies from Assam and Arunachal Pradesh, India (Diptera: Sarcophagidae) (1982)

No Abstract.