gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Parallel beamforming using synthetic transmit beams (2007)

Parallel beamforming is frequently used to increase the acquisition rate of medical ultrasound imaging. However, such imaging systems will not be spatially shift invariant due to significant variation across adjacent beams. This paper investigates a few methods of parallel beam-forming that aims at eliminating this flaw and restoring the shift invariance property. The beam-to-beam variations occur because the transmit and receive beams are not aligned. The underlying idea of the main method presented here is to generate additional synthetic transmit beams (STB) through interpolation of the received, unfocused signal at each array element prior to beamforming. Now each of the parallel receive beams can be aligned perfectly with a transmit beam--synthetic or real--thus eliminating the distortion caused by misalignment. The proposed method was compared to the other compensation methods through a simulation study based on the ultrasound simulation software Field II. The results have been verified with in vitro experiments. The simulations were done with parameters similar to a standard cardiac examination with two parallel receive beams and a transmit-line spacing corresponding to the Rayleigh criterion, wavelength times f-number (lambda x f#). From the results presented, it is clear that straightforward parallel beamforming reduces the spatial shift invariance property of an ultrasound imaging system. The proposed method of using synthetic transmit beams seems to restore this important property, enabling higher acquisition rates without loss of image quality.
THE MINERALOGY AND TRACE ELEMENT CHEMISTRY OF BLACK MANGANESE OXIDE DEPOSITS FROM CAVES (2009)

Abstract: Free surface streams in caves and their surface infeeders often contain pebbles and cobbles coated with black manganese oxide minerals. Coating thicknesses vary from fractions of a millimeter to a few millimeters. In addition, a few caves contain loose masses of black oxide material. The results reported here are based on examination of 39 specimens and detailed chemical analyses of 18 of them. Most of the coatings are amorphous to x-rays, with at best, only a few broad diffraction lines. Infrared spectroscopy shows that most of the specimens are birnessite, with evidence for romanechite, ranceite, and pyrolusite in a few specimens. All specimens contain both iron and manganese, but the Mn/Fe ratio varies widely. Many specimens are enriched in Ba but depleted in Sr. The manganese and iron oxides contain the transition metals Co, Cu, Ni, V, and Zn in concentrations greater than 0.5 wt % in some specimens. Minor Cr and Mo also occur. Given the extremely low concentrations of these elements expected in freshwater streams in carbonate terrains, the manganese oxides exert a dramatic amplifying effect over the expected background. Manganese oxides appear to act as a dosimeter for heavy metals in karst waters.
CHARGE TRANSFER COMPLEXES OF THIAHETEROHELICENES WITH 7,7,8,8-TETRACYANOQUINODIMETHANE. A NEWLY FASHIONED STERIC EFFECT (1978)

Abstract The title effect in the charge transfer complexes of thiaheterohelicenes and tetracyanoquinodimethane was characterized by their spectroscopic and electrical properties.
Analysis of the effect of finite d.c. blocking capacitance and finite d.c. feed inductance on the performance of inverse Class-E amplifiers (2006)

The first analysis and synthesis equations for the newly introduced inverse Class-E amplifier when operated with a finite d.c. blocking capacitance and a finite d.c.-feed inductance are presented in the paper. Closed-form design equations are derived in order to establish the circuit component values required for optimum synthesis. Excellent agreement between numerical simulation results and theoretical prediction is obtained. It is shown that drain efficiency approaching 100% at a pre-specified output power level can be achieved as zero-current switching and zero-current derivative conditions are simultaneously satisfied. The proposed analysis offers the prospect for realistic MMIC implementation.
ChemInform Abstract: A Combination of Tandem Amine‐Exchange/Heterocyclization and Biaryl Coupling Reactions for the Straightforward Preparation of Phenanthro[9,10‐d]pyrazoles (2001)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Effect of tumor necrosis factor-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 on interstitial fluid pressure in rat skin (1999)

Interstitial fluid pressure (P(if)) decreases in several experimental models of acute inflammation, enhancing edema formation. The present study was designed to determine the effect of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin (IL)-6, and IL-1beta as well as lipopolysaccharides (LPS) on P(if) in a model of gram-negative sepsis. P(if) was measured in the paw skin of anesthetized rats (pentobarbital sodium, 50 mg/kg ip) using micropipettes (3-7 micrometer) and servo-controlled counterpressure technique. Test substances were injected intra-arterially (ia), intravenously (iv), or subdermally (sd). After intra-arterial or intravenous administration, the test substances were circulated for 1 min before circulatory arrest was induced with an intravenous injection of KCl while the rats were under pentobarbital anesthesia. Circulatory arrest was induced to avoid edema formation, which would raise interstitial fluid volume to cause a more positive P(if). Administration of 0.5 ml of LPS (5 mg/ml ia) lowered P(if) significantly from control values of -0.2 +/- 0.3 to -2.0 +/- 0.3 mmHg (P < 0.05) within 1 h. Corresponding values for TNF-alpha (500 ng/ml iv) were -0.4 +/- 0.2 to -2.3 +/- 0.1 mmHg (P < 0.05). Administration of 5 microliter (5 mg/ml sd) of LPS did not affect P(if) significantly (P > 0.05), but TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, and IL-6 had a significant effect on P(if) when given subdermally. IL-6 (50 ng/ml) caused a decrease in P(if) from control values of -1.2 +/- 0.3 to -2. 8 +/- 0.5 mmHg (P < 0.05) within 1 h. The experiments demonstrate that LPS, TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, and IL-6 induce lowering of P(if) when given intravenously or intra-arterially, whereas only TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, and IL-6 induce lowering of P(if) when given subdermally. We therefore suggest that the lowering of P(if) in this experimental model of sepsis is related to the release of and a local effect in skin of TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, and IL-6.
A Novel Inhibitor of IL-1 Generation, E5090: In Vitro Inhibitory Effects on the Generation of IL-1 by Human Monocytes (1991)

E5090 is an orally active inhibitor of IL-1 generation, being converted in vivo into the pharmacologically active deacetylated form (DA-E5090). In vitro effects of DA-E5090 on the generation of IL-1 by human monocytes stimulated with LPS were examined. DA-E5090 inhibited both IL-1 alpha and IL-1 beta generation by human monocytes stimulated with 1 microgram/ml of LPS in a dose dependent-manner (1-10 microM), as determined by LAF assay and ELISA. Northern blotting analysis indicated that DA-E5090 inhibits transcription of IL-1 alpha and IL-1 beta m-RNAs.
PRF thermometry during MR-guided focused ultrasound ablation in a preclinical thiel model (2015)

Proton Resonance Frequency (PRF) MR Thermometry is a useful method for treatment planning with MR-guided Focused Ultrasound (MRgFUS), as it provides accurate, real-time temperature maps. Thiel is an embalming medium that retains physical properties and life-like characteristics of human and animal tissue. The aim of the present study was to determine the accuracy of PRF Thermometry during MRgFUS and to estimate the value of PRF coefficient of pre-clinical Thiel embalmed human and animal tissue, and compare to fresh tissue and gel phantom.
Volumetric Water Content Measurements as Obtained from Remote Sensing and In Situ Instrumentation (2016)

Abstract A single-polarization, vertical wave propagation transmitted-vertical wave propagation received (VV), terrestrial imaging radar and time domain reflectometry (TDR) equipment were used to monitor the fluctuations of water content within two thin (15.24 centimeters) compacted clay test sections (each 30.48-m long, by 15.34-m wide). Radar imagery was obtained in 2013 on March 22, June 26, July 7 and July 10 using a Gamma Remote Sensing Portable Radar Interferometer version II (GAMMA Remote Sensing and Consulting AG, Bern, Switzerland). In situ observations were acquired hourly using TDR probes. The background, methodology, and comparison of the results of the remote sensing and in situ measurements are presented. Specifically, two remote sensing data reduction algorithms were considered. The water content results obtained from these algorithms were compared with the water content values derived from correlations with the dielectric permittivity values measured by the TDR probes. Key findings include: 1) there were differences between the values obtained from the data reduction methods, 2) there were differences between the values obtained from the remote sensing methods and the values obtained from the in situ method, and 3) the identification of additional avenues of research. The remotely sensed measurements were, on average, higher than the in situ measurements (the average volumetric water content values were 0.2 and 0.5 depending on the method, as obtained via the remotely sensed methods; the average volumetric water content value in the compacted native soil test sections was 0.22, as obtained via the in situ method).
Theoretical Prediction of One- and Two-Photon Absorption Properties of N-Annulated Quaterrylenes as Near-Infrared Chromophores (2011)

Graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) have attracted increasing attention due to high potentiality in nanoelectronics. In the present study, quantum-chemical calculations of structural and nonlinear optical properties have been first carried out for the nanoelectronical materials, a new series of ladder-type N-annulated quaterrylenes and their imide chromophores. The effects of the solvent, terminal groups, the number of N-annulated bridges, and π-conjugated length are discussed in detail. The solvent effect is significant on the one-photon absorption (OPA). Moreover, the OPA and two-photon absorption (TPA) properties of the two series of DI and N-MI molecules show a clear solvent dependence, which is attributed to the carboximide substitution featuring larger polarization. Introducing electron-donating groups and dicarboximides and increasing the conjugated length lead to red-shifts of the OPA, emission, and TPA spectra, lower emission lifetimes, and enhanced TPA cross sections (δ(max)), but further extension of the conjugated framework does not always promote an increase of δ(max). The changing trends of δ(max) can be explained by the transition moment and the intramolecular charge transfer. All N-annulated quaterrylene and their imide derivatives possess small energy gaps, intense near-infrared absorption and emission, and large δ(max), which are important for use as two-photon fluorescent labeling materials.
(+)-Trichostatin A, a Potent Differentiation Inducer of Friend Leukemia Cells (1988)

Journal Article (+)-Trichostatin A, a Potent Differentiation Inducer of Friend Leukemia Cells Get access Hajimu Morioka, Hajimu Morioka Ajinomoto Central Research Laboratories, 1–1 Suzuki-cho, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki 210, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Masaru Ishihara, Masaru Ishihara Ajinomoto Central Research Laboratories, 1–1 Suzuki-cho, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki 210, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Misako Takezawa, Misako Takezawa Ajinomoto Central Research Laboratories, 1–1 Suzuki-cho, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki 210, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Hiroshiro Shibai, Hiroshiro Shibai Ajinomoto Central Research Laboratories, 1–1 Suzuki-cho, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki 210, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Yasuo Komoda Yasuo Komoda Research Institute for Medical and Dental Engineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 2–3–10, Surugadai, Kanda, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Agricultural and Biological Chemistry, Volume 52, Issue 1, 1 January 1988, Pages 251–253, https://doi.org/10.1080/00021369.1988.10868620 Published: 01 January 1988 Article history Received: 17 June 1987 Published: 01 January 1988
Preparation of LiFePO[sub 4] Thin Films by Pulsed Laser Deposition and Their Electrochemical Properties (2004)

Olivine structured thin films were prepared by pulsed laser deposition and their electrochemical properties were investigated by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and charge-discharge tests. The resultant films exhibited only a couple of anodic and cathodic peaks at which is characteristic of olivine on CV between 2.0 and 5.0 V (vs. The discharge capacity estimated from the CV obtained at maintained 69% of that obtained at This high rate capability is probably due to the film being so thin that the intrinsically poor electronic conductivity of was not of importance. © 2004 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.
Inhibitor of inflammation, peptide fragment (65–76) of monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1), inhibits binding of MCP-1 to heparin (2011)

Monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1, CCL2) is one of the most important chemokines involved in inflammation. MCP-1 stimulates migration of monocytes and certain lymphocyte populations to the affected area, in particular to the sites of atherosclerotic plaque formation. Development of drugs inhibiting MCP-1 is now a topical task. We earlier designed and synthesized a dodecapeptide from C-terminal domain of MCP-1 (65–76, peptide X) that possessed an anti-inflammatory activity. The mechanism of action of chemokines (in particular, of MCP-1) in vivo is based on activation of CCR2 receptor on target cells and binding to glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) on the cell surface of and extracellular matrix. Peptide X did not affect the MCP-1-CCR2 interaction. Thus, we hypothesized that peptide X could impair MCP-1 binding to GAGs. Here we studied the effect of peptide X on the MCP-1 binding to heparin using the label-free biosensing device Picoscope®, enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA), and the intrinsic fluorescence method. According to the data obtained, peptide X interfered with the MCP-1-heparin binding, which may be due to the competition of peptide X with MCP-1 for heparin binding sites. Probably, this effect determines the anti-inflammatory activity of peptide X in vivo.
Proteomic analysis of endodontic infections by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (2009)

LC-MS/MS offers a sensitive analytical platform to study the disease processes in the root canal environment. The array of proteins expressed in endodontic infections reflects the complex microbial presence and highlights the bacterial species involved in the inflammatory process.
Catalytic Silicon-Mediated Carbon−Carbon Bond-Forming Reactions of Unactivated Amides (2010)

In the presence of catalytic amounts of trialkylsilyl triflate and triethylamine, unactivated amides react with imines to afford the corresponding Mannich-type adducts in high yields with high anti selectivities. While silicon enolates have been widely used in organic synthesis for four decades, this is the first example of the catalytic use of the silicon species, to the best of our knowledge. Moreover, it is noteworthy that unactivated simple amides bearing α-protons that are less acidic than those of ketones and aldehydes can be successfully used in catalytic direct-type addition reactions. Finally, a preliminary trial of an asymmetric catalytic version was conducted and showed promising enantioselectivity of the desired product.
Letter from Christian B. Anfinsen to Mikhail S. Gorbachev (1987)

In this letter, Anfinsen appealed to the Soviet leader to allow Russian entomologist Igor Uspensky to emigrate to Israel with his family.
MODIS data from Terra and Aqua satellites (2004)

The Moderate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) mission is entering it's fourth year of successful operation and has yielded staggering amounts of data types and volumes. After the first MODIS launch in November 1999 on board the Tera satellite, a second instrument was bought to orbit on board of the Aqua satellite in May 2002. Both instruments can provide global coverage in 250-1000 m resolutions in just one day. The distribution of all MODIS data by any single NASA Distributed Active Archive Center (DAAC) is not feasible. Thus, the Goddard Earth Sciences (GES) DAAC produces Level 1A and 1B, and distributes the latter as well as the higher level of Ocean and Atmosphere products. Our goal is to give a generic picture of MODIS products and services available from GES DAAC, intended for users introducing themselves to the MODIS mission.
Synopsis of the ASPLOS '16 Wild and Crazy Ideas (WACI) Invited-Speakers Session (2016)

The Wild and Crazy Ideas (WACI) session is a longstanding tradition at ASPLOS, soliciting talks that consist of forward-looking, visionary, inspiring, creative, far out or just plain amazing ideas presented in an exciting way. (Amusing elements in the presentations are tolerated ;-) but are in fact optional.)
Analysis of the mobility of migrating austenite–ferrite interfaces (2015)

Dilatometric studies assisted by high-temperature laser scanning confocal microscopy provide a comprehensive experimental picture with regard to cyclic austenite-to-ferrite transformations in Fe–C alloys. The validity range for the sharp interface and effective mobility approach is identified by comparing modelling results with calculations based on experiments. The interface velocity for the austenite-to-ferrite transformation in pure iron is exclusively controlled by the intrinsic interface mobility conforming to the upper boundary of mobilities. The austenite-to-ferrite transformation in Fe–C alloys under conventional cooling and heating conditions is primarily controlled by carbon diffusion in austenite. The lower boundary of the temperature-dependent interface mobility has been established for an Fe–C alloy over a wide range of temperatures during cycling transformation. Austenite-to-ferrite transformations in Fe–C–X alloys are characterized by still lower effective mobilities depending on both temperature and composition, because substitutional elements X give rise to a solute drag effect. An estimate for the effective mobility valid for the austenite-to-ferrite transformation in lean Fe–C–Mn alloys is provided.
New reference materials for electrochemical on‐line sensors to measure steel bath composition (1993)

Further efforts have to be made to develop reliable sensors for on‐line measurements in steel melts. Accurate performance of conventional sensors with a Cr‐Cr 2 O 3 reference over extended periods is disturbed by polarization effects mainly at the solid electrolyte/oxygen reference interface. A promising way to minimize or eliminate this problem is to reduce the flux of ionic oxygen across the solid electrolyte by applying oxygen references featuring oxygen potentials close to the actual oxygen potential of the steel melt. In search of oxygen references with 's lower than that of Cr‐Cr 2 O 3 mixtures, EMF measurements were made to determine the equilibrium oxygen pressures of the systems Cr‐CaO‐CaCr 2 O 4 , Cr‐MgO‐MgCr 2 O 4 , Cr‐Y 2 O 3 ‐Y 2 Cr 2 O 6 , and Nb‐NbO. It is shown that the use of these reference materials enables correct on‐line measurements in fully‐killed steel baths over periods of 4 hours at least.
Interactions of the Type III Secretion Pathway Proteins LcrV and LcrG from Yersinia pestis Are Mediated by Coiled-Coil Domains (2002)

The type III secretion system is used by pathogenic Yersinia to translocate virulence factors into the host cell. A key component is the multifunctional LcrV protein, which is present on the bacterial surface prior to host cell contact and up-regulates translocation by blocking the repressive action of the LcrG protein on the cytosolic side of the secretion apparatus. The functions of LcrV are proposed to involve self-interactions (multimerization) and interactions with other proteins including LcrG. Coiled-coil motifs predicted to be present are thought to play a role in mediating these protein-protein interactions. We have purified recombinant LcrV, LcrG, and site-directed mutants of LcrV and demonstrated the structural integrity of these proteins using circular dichroism spectroscopy. We show that LcrV interacts both with itself and with LcrG and have obtained micromolar and nanomolar affinities for these interactions, respectively. The effects of LcrV mutations upon LcrG binding suggest that coiled-coil interactions indeed play a significant role in complex formation. In addition, comparisons of secretion patterns of effector proteins in Yersinia, arising from wild type and mutants of LcrV, support the proposed role of LcrG in titration of LcrV in vivo but also suggest that other factors may be involved.
Acute dietary zinc deficiency in rats exacerbates myocardial ischaemia–reperfusion injury through depletion of glutathione (2019)

Zn plays an important role in maintaining the anti-oxidant status within the heart and helps to counter the acute redox stress that occurs during myocardial ischaemia and reperfusion. Individuals with low Zn levels are at greater risk of developing an acute myocardial infarction; however, the impact of this on the extent of myocardial injury is unknown. The present study aimed to compare the effects of dietary Zn depletion with in vitro removal of Zn (N,N,N',N'-tetrakis(2-pyridinylmethyl)-1,2-ethanediamine (TPEN)) on the outcome of acute myocardial infarction and vascular function. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed either a Zn-adequate (35 mg Zn/kg diet) or Zn-deficient (&lt;1 mg Zn/kg diet) diet for 2 weeks before heart isolation. Perfused hearts were subjected to a 30 min ischaemia/2 h reperfusion (I/R) protocol, during which time ventricular arrhythmias were recorded and after which infarct size was measured, along with markers of anti-oxidant status. In separate experiments, hearts were challenged with the Zn chelator TPEN (10 µm) before ischaemia onset. Both dietary and TPEN-induced Zn depletion significantly extended infarct size; dietary Zn depletion was associated with reduced total cardiac glutathione (GSH) levels, while TPEN decreased cardiac superoxide dismutase 1 levels. TPEN, but not dietary Zn depletion, also suppressed ventricular arrhythmias and depressed vascular responses to nitric oxide. These findings demonstrate that both modes of Zn depletion worsen the outcome from I/R but through different mechanisms. Dietary Zn deficiency, resulting in reduced cardiac GSH, is the most appropriate model for determining the role of endogenous Zn in I/R injury.