gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The impact of Metal–Ligand Cooperation in Hydrogenation of Carbon Dioxide Catalyzed by Ruthenium PNP Pincer (2013)

The metal–ligand cooperative activation of CO2 with pyridine-based ruthenium PNP pincer catalysts leads to pronounced inhibition of the activity in the catalytic CO2 hydrogenation to formic acid. The addition of water restores catalytic performance by activating alternative reaction pathways and leads to unprecedented Ru-catalyzed CO2 hydrogenation activity. The mechanism of the underlying chemical transformations is proposed on the basis of DFT calculations, kinetic experiments, and NMR reactivity studies.
Future of Satellite Communications Systems (1990)

Since its introduction only a quarter of century ago, satellite communications has become a part of our daily lives. It still has a large role to play in extending communication coverage across the world. Since the advent of optical fiber technology, however, some applications have been changing from satellite to optical fiber communications, and this causes some anxiety for the future of satellite communications. I think that one of the causes for this trend is that conventional satellite communications systems were too terrestrial network oriented. If there is to be a future for satellite communications systems, they must be based on a satellite oriented concept fully utilizing the features only satellites possess. The paper describe the present trends and the future of satellite communications from this standpoint.
Inbreeding depression in pearl millet composites (1985)

The objective of this investigation was to examine the effects of one generation
of selfing on grain yield, plant height, head length, 1000 seed weight, and days to
flowering in the base populations as well as in three successive full sib recurrem
selection cycle bulks of the Medium Maturity Composite and Serere Composite-l of
pearl millet -[Penniseium americanum (L.) Leeke). The experimental materials consisted
of random mated bulks · and single generation selfed bulks from 400 random
pl~nts corresponding to each cycle (cycle 0 to 3) of both the composites. Results
showed that a.verage inbreeding depressions in both the composites were highest for
grain yield (25 % and 36 %) followed by 1000 seed weight (L2 % and 14 0/0). Plant height,days to flowering and --head length were least affected
Measurement of GaAs/(Al,Ga)As materials parameters for QWIP design calculations (1999)

We report the result of intersubband absorption measurement on a series of doped quantum-well samples and the determination of both the nonparabolicity parameters and the conduction band/valence band offset ratio of the GaAs/(AlGa)As material system. Absorption spectra were obtained in an FTIR spectrometer for samples with nominal quantum-well widths of 4.0, 4.5, 5.0, 7.5, 10.0, and 15.0 nm and for a series of miniband-transport quantum-well IR photodetectors. X-ray diffraction was used to determine quantum well and barrier thicknesses and the Al mole fraction x of the (Al,Ga)As barrier layers. Absorption measurements were made at temperatures of 295 K and 77 K. An empirical two-band model with an energy-dependent effective mass was used to calculate energy levels, transition energies, and spectral lineshapes for the quantum-well structures. Parameter values for nonparabolicity and band offset ratio were determined by comparison of calculated transition energies to measured spectral data.
Enhancement of condensation on a vertical plate (2nd report, prediction of condensation on a dispersed finned surface) (2010)

Abstract In this study, a prediction model for condensation heat transfer on a vertical dispersed finned surface was proposed, utilizing the Adamek‐Webb model for condensation heat transfer outside a horizontal finned tube. The prediction model was based on two main experimental observation results. One is the phenomena of the condensate retention at the bottom of each row of the dispersed fin. Another is the offset phenomena of the condensate flow between each row of the dispersed fin. Given the results by the present model, it is predicted that the dependence of the condensation heat transfer coefficient for the dispersed finned surface on the fin pitch is controlled mainly by the dispersed fin length, not the total fin length. On the contrary, for a different fin pitch, the effect to the condensation heat transfer by dispersing the fin is different. From comparison with the experiment results, it is confirmed that the present model was able to predict the condensation with extremely good precision when the fin pitch was larger. Further, when the fin pitch was smaller, the predicted values were higher than the experimental values, but the tendency of the condensation heat transfer with dispersing the fin was nearly predicted. In addition, this condensing model can predict the experimental values with an error of 25% at the maximum in a range of fin pitch 0.6 mm to 1 mm. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heat Trans Asian Res; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience.wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/htj.20288
Patterning of sub-50 nm perpendicular CoFeB/MgO-based magnetic tunnel junctions (2016)

Perpendicular magnetic tunnel junctions (p-MTJs) were patterned into nanopillars using electron-beam lithography to study their scaling and switching behaviour. Magnetoresistance measurements of annealed and unannealed p-MTJ films using scanning probe microscopy showed good agreement with Monte Carlo modeling. p-MTJ pillars demonstrated clear parallel magnetic states, both 'up' or both 'down' following AC-demagnetization. Significant variability in the resistance of p-MTJ pillars was observed and attributed to edge features generated during patterning or local inhomogeneity in the MgO layer.
Design of a 10.56-Gb/s 64-QAM Polar Transmitter at 60 GHz in 28-nm CMOS (2023)

Improving the energy efficiency of wireless communication transmitters is an increasingly important target now that millimeter-wave (mm-wave) frequencies are being used. To improve the efficiency compared with classical transmit architectures that use a class A/AB power amplifier (PA), we propose here a polar transmitter that operates around 60 GHz. This transmitter is based on a radio frequency digital-to-analog converter (RF-DAC). This RF-DAC uses a switching scheme that greatly reduces signal leakage via disabled unit cells which greatly improves the output signal quality. In this way, this polar transmitter can process higher order modulation schemes at mm-wave frequencies, such as a 64-QAM, where an excellent error vector magnitude (EVM) specification is required. This mm-wave polar transmitter, prototyped in a 28-nm CMOS technology, consists of a digital PA (DPA) using 7-bit RF-DACs for amplitude modulation (AM),and an active phase shifter (PS) using two 7-bit variable gain amplifiers (VGAs) with an in-phase quadrature (IQ)-hybrid for phase modulation (PM). All the amplitude and phase samples for the RF core are accessed from an on-chip memory. Static measurements show a power gain of 21.5 dB, a saturated output power ( <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$P_{\text {sat}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> ) of 12.6 dBm, and a peak drain efficiency of 25.9% at 64 GHz. A 10.56-Gb/s 64-QAM signal at −27.8-dB EVM is demonstrated with measured core and system efficiencies of 8.5% and 3.9%, respectively. The transmitter consumes 159-mA current from a 0.9-V supply.
Characterization of apolipoprotein B mRNA editing from rabbit intestine. (1992)

Apolipoprotein (apo) B-48 is generated by a unique physiological process. Cytidine 6,666 of the apo B primary transcript is posttranscriptionally converted to a uridine by an RNA editing mechanism that transforms the codon for glutamine 2,153 to a termination codon. The editing reaction can be duplicated in a cell-free extract. In this study, the apo B-48 mRNA editing activity derived from partially purified extracts of rabbit enterocytes was characterized. The optimum conditions for the editing reaction were determined to be a salt concentration of 0.125-0.150 M NaCl or KCl, a pH of 8-8.5, and a temperature of 30 degrees C. The reaction rate was linear up to 45 minutes and was proportional to the editing extract concentration. No metal ion cofactors, DNA or RNA cofactors, or energy requirements were identified. At optimum conditions, the reaction followed Michaelis-Menten kinetics, with a Km of 0.4 nM for the rabbit RNA substrate. In addition, the reaction rate was enhanced by the addition of 25 micrograms/ml heparin or 40% glycerol. The characteristics of the editing reaction suggest that it is catalyzed by a nucleotide sequence-specific cytidine deaminase that is either a single enzyme or a multimeric protein.
Dynamic load balancing on Web-server systems (1999)

Popular Web sites cannot rely on a single powerful server nor on independent mirrored-servers to support the ever-increasing request load. Distributed Web server architectures that transparently schedule client requests offer a way to meet dynamic scalability and availability requirements. The authors review the state of the art in load balancing techniques on distributed Web-server systems, and analyze the efficiencies and limitations of the various approaches.
Least p/sup th/ power design of complex FIR 2-D filters using the complex Newton method (2002)

A design of 2-D complex FIR filters is proposed by minimizing the p/sup th/ power norm used to measure the deviation of the FIR filter response from a desired filter response. The solution of this problem cannot be obtained in closed form except for p=2; for arbitrary p>2 the authors present an approach which treats the problem from a complex variable point of view. An iterative scheme is described based on the complex Newton method to find the solution. It has the feature that, starting with p=2, the value of p is increased after each iteration. Because the objective function is convex any local extremum is the global minimum. Convergence can be attained after a moderate number of iterations. A characterization theorem for factorization of 2-D FIR filters in terms of 1D filters is derived. This has strong implications for large order 2-D filter design. Two filter design examples are included.
Alterations of the p53 tumor suppressor gene in diffuse large cell lymphomas with translocations of the c-MYC and BCL-2 proto-oncogenes (1994)

Diffuse large cell lymphomas are aggressive tumors of B-cell origin. In some cases they arise from low-grade follicular lymphomas carrying the t(14;18) translocation, an event that leads to the overexpression of the BCL-2 gene product. More frequently, however, they lack the t(14;18) translocation. Rearrangements of the c-MYC proto-oncogene and mutations of the p53 tumor suppressor gene have also been documented in these lymphomas. This study examines the extent to which alterations in the BCL-2, c-MYC, and p53 genes co-exist within individual lymphomas. Eight diffuse large cell lymphoma cell lines and 11 diffuse large cell lymphoma tumors were assessed for genetic alterations in these three genes. Our results indicate that there is a heterogeneity in the oncogene/suppressor gene profile among diffuse large cell lymphomas. Two cell lines and one tumor carried alterations in all three genes, one cell line carried alterations of c-MYC and p53, and one primary tumor and one cell line carried p53 mutations and the t(14;18). Single alterations of BCL-2 and p53 were also observed. Another cell line had no alterations in any of these genes. The heterogeneity indicates that varied mechanisms may be involved in the generation of diffuse large cell lymphomas.
Reduced-complexity image segmentation under parallel Markov Random Field formulation using graph partitioning (2016)

Markov Random Field (MRF) algorithms are powerful tools in image analysis to explore contextual information of data. However, the application of these methods to large data means that alternative approaches must be found to circumvent the NP-hard complexity of the MRF optimization. We introduce a MRF-based framework that overcomes this issue by using graph partitioning. The computational complexity is decreased as the optimization/parameter estimation is executed on small subgraphs. PMRF targets 3D microCT datasets, but we include evaluation on the Berkeley Segmentation Dataset (ranking 7th place) to fully compare our method with well-known segmentation algorithms. Segmentation results on the microCT datasets achieve precision higher than 95%.
Shape memory and nanostructure in poly(norbornyl-POSS) copolymers (2000)

The microstructure and shape-memory properties of norbornyl–POSS hybrid copolymers having either cyclohexyl corner groups (CyPOSS) or cyclopentyl corner groups (CpPOSS) were investigated by transmission electron microscopy and thermomechanical analysis. Here, POSS refers to the polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane macromer. Samples containing 50 wt% of POSS macromer have been mechanically drawn at temperatures above their glass transition temperatures, followed by rapid quenching in LN2. Shape-memory properties of such drawn samples were explored by measuring recovered strain while heating above the Tg using thermomechanical analysis. Incorporation of POSS comonomers within PN is found to slightly reduce the percentage recovery, while improving thermal stability significantly. Interestingly, the types of corner groups in the POSS macromer affect the shape-memory behaviour, with the CyPOSS copolymer showing lower percentage recovery than the CpPOSS copolymer due to enhanced aggregation of CyPOSS macromers. © 2000 Society of Chemical Industry
A Short DNA Methyltransferase Isoform Restores Methylation In Vivo (1998)

Two murine DNA methyltransferase isoforms (MTases) have been observed, a longer form in somatic and embryonic stem (ES) cells and a shorter form in oocytes and preimplantation embryos. While the longer MTase is associated with maintenance methyltransferase activity in replicating cells, little is known about the shorter form. We present genetic and biochemical evidence that both isoforms are expressed from the same Dnmt1 gene by using different translation initiation sites in exons 1 and 4. We further demonstrate that the shorter isoform can functionally rescue Dnmt1 null ES cells that have a hypomethylated genome. These rescued ES cells differentiate in vivo into a variety of cell types, unlike the Dnmt1 null ES cells that die upon induction of differentiation. These results show that the shorter isoform can substitute for the longer maintenance MTase in ES and differentiated cells. Our data further indicate that the shorter MTase isoform found in oocytes is fully functional in vivo and may play an active role in the regulation of DNA methylation and the establishment of imprinting patterns.
Using the Kinect to detect potentially harmful hand postures in pianists (2014)

Pianists who practice hours per day may have a risk for developing playing-related musculoskeletal injuries if they do not play with proper hand alignment. In order to detect the harmful, misaligned hand postures (such as wrist flexion and extension, knuckle collapse, and ulnar and radial deviation) and analyze the injury risk, a motion capture system was developed using the Microsoft Kinect depth camera. Data were captured on professional pianists and student pianists from the School of Music, University of Missouri. Features extracted from the 3D point clouds reconstructed from the Kinect depth images are used for hand posture evaluation. Results are included for different hand postures of participating pianists.
Aged BALB/c Mice as a Model for Increased Severity of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome in Elderly Humans (2005)

Advanced age has repeatedly been identified as an independent correlate of adverse outcome and a predictor of mortality in cases of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS). SARS-associated mortality may exceed 50% for persons aged 60 years or older. Heightened susceptibility of the elderly to severe SARS and the ability of SARS coronavirus to replicate in mice led us to examine whether aged mice might be susceptible to disease. We report here that viral replication in aged mice was associated with clinical illness and pneumonia, demonstrating an age-related susceptibility to SARS disease in animals that parallels the human experience.
Interaction of the human androgen receptor transactivation function with the general transcription factor TFIIF (1997)

The human androgen receptor (AR) is a ligand-activated transcription factor that regulates genes important for male sexual differentiation and development. To better understand the role of the receptor as a transcription factor we have studied the mechanism of action of the N-terminal transactivation function. In a protein-protein interaction assay the AR N terminus (amino acids 142-485) selectively bound to the basal transcription factors TFIIF and the TATA-box-binding protein (TBP). Reconstitution of the transactivation activity in vitro revealed that AR142-485 fused to the LexA protein DNA-binding domain was competent to activate a reporter gene in the presence of a competing DNA template lacking LexA binding sites. Furthermore, consistent with direct interaction with basal transcription factors, addition of recombinant TFIIF relieved squelching of basal transcription by AR142-485. Taken together these results suggest that one mechanism of transcriptional activation by the AR involves binding to TFIIF and recruitment of the transcriptional machinery.
The role of diskography and interdiskal therapy (1994)

Log in or Register Get new issue alertsGet alerts Enter your Email address: Wolters Kluwer Health may email you for journal alerts and information, but is committed to maintaining your privacy and will not share your personal information without your express consent. For more information, please refer to our Privacy Policy. Subscribe to eTOC Secondary Logo Journal Logo All Articles Images Videos Podcasts Blogs Advanced Search Toggle navigation Register Login HomeCurrent IssuePrevious Issues Current Orthopaedic PracticeCurrent Opinion in Orthopaedics (1999-2007)Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research (1976-2007) Published Ahead-of-PrintCOP eNewsMy CollectionsJournal Info About the JournalEditorial BoardInformation for AuthorsAdvertisingOpen AccessSubscription ServicesReprintsRights and Permissions All Articles Images Videos Podcasts Blogs Advanced Search
Electrophilic Substitution of Monosubstituted Pyrenes (1994)

Abstract Bromination and the Friedel–Crafts acetylation of monosubstituted pyrenes were examined. Acetylation of 1-acetyl- and 1-ethylpyrene occurred at the 8-, 6-, or 3-position, but the reaction of 1-methoxypyrene afforded only the 8- and 6-acetyl derivatives. By acetylation, 4-acetylpyrene yielded the 1- and 6-acetyl compounds, and 4-ethylpyrene gave the 6- and 8- derivatives. Also, 4-bromopyrene afforded the corresponding 8-, 6-, and 1-acetyl derivatives by the same reaction. Bromination of 1-ethyl- and 4-ethylpyrene yielded the 8- and 6-bromides, but the reaction of 1-nitro- and 1-bromopyrene took place at the 6-, 8-, or 3-position. The formation ratio of these regioisomers differs by the substituents. The regioselectivity on the acetylation accords in some degree with the prediction based on the 13C NMR chemical shift of each position. The relative rates of these electrophilic substitutions correlate to the substituent constant, σ+, of the substituent attached to the pyrene.
Accessibility requirements for systems design to accommodate users with vision impairments (2005)

New technology tends to be inaccessible to people with disabilities. Accessibility features are frequently added as the technology matures; doing so late in the cycle incurs significant costs. The initial omission of accessibility features often results from systems designers' lack of insight into accessibility requirements. This paper discusses accessibility requirements for accommodating users with vision impairments from the complementary perspectives of the systems architect, the assistive technology developer, and the application developer. The paper concludes with a historical perspective of the evolution of the current Windows™ accessibility features and gives insight into future industry directions.
177Lu-EDTMP: a potential therapeutic bone agent. (1998)

Lutetium-177 (177Lu) has both beta particle emissions for a therapeutic effect and gamma emissions for imaging. This study was undertaken to synthesize and evaluate 177Lu-EDTMP (ethylenediaminetetramethylene phosphonic acid) as a therapeutic radiopharmaceutical for the palliation of pain from bone metastases. Chelation of 177Lu to EDTMP was obtained by heating for 30 min in boiling water at pH 8.8, resulting in a radiochemical yield of over 99%. The compound was stable for 20 days without any appreciable dissociation. Biodistribution studies in normal rats indicated selective bone accumulation, showing faster blood clearance, higher bone uptake and higher bone-to-soft tissue ratios than 99Tcm-MDP. In conclusion, 177Lu-EDTMP has favourable biological and physical characteristics for the palliative treatment of painful bone metastases.
miR-638 regulates gene expression networks associated with emphysematous lung destruction (2013)

Our findings demonstrate that microRNAs are altered with regional emphysema severity and modulate disease-associated gene expression networks. Furthermore, miR-638 may regulate gene expression pathways related to the oxidative stress response and aging in emphysematous lung tissue and lung fibroblasts.
Routes of functionalized guanidines. Synthesis of guanidino diesters (1973)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTRoutes of functionalized guanidines. Synthesis of guanidino diestersTalmage R. Bosin, Robert N. Hanson, Joseph V. Rodricks, Richard A. Simpson, and Henry RapoportCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1973, 38, 8, 1591–1600Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1973Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1973https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00948a031https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00948a031research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views503Altmetric-Citations20LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Black lesbian bodies - reflections on a queer South African archive (2014)

‘Homosexuality is unAfrican’ has become a common response to the presence of gay and lesbian groups in South Africa. Contrary to the fact that  homosexuality can be traced back to the sixteenth century in Africa, widespread beliefs abound that homosexuality is a Western import. Black South African lesbians are recognised as a vulnerable minority and are victims of ‘corrective rape’ and other forms of homophobic discrimination. South Africa’s transition to democracy has been fraught with sexual identity struggles and violence performed on the black lesbian body is exercised to uphold a patriarchal gender order. This article will explore violence performed on the black lesbian body and the expression of black lesbian sexualities in the work of South African photographer and gay rights activist, Zanele Muholi.