gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effects of Neutron Irradiation on Transpassive Corrosion Behavior of Austenitic Stainless Steels (1995)

Irradiated and unirradiated austenitic stainless steels (SS) were exposed to a transpassive potential (1,050 mVSCE) in a sulfuric acid (H2SO4) solution, and the corrosion responses were studied. Applicability of the transpassive technique to evaluation of radiation-induced segregation (RIS) of impurities was considered. The charge density during the potentiostatic transpassive test and the corrosion morphology after the test were functions of both the material chemistry and irradiation. The charge density of the unirradiated materials was correlated successfully with the bulk impurity level, as defined in terms of the parameter (wt% silicon + wt% phosphorus x 10). The charge density increased steeply above an impurity level parameter of 0.5, which corresponded to the region where intergranular attack (IGA) became visible. The change in charge density after neutron irradiation also was a function of the impurity level. Irradiation resulted in a considerable increase in charge density and grain-boundary attack (GBA) for commercial-purity (CP) type 304 SS (UNS S30400). Furthermore, small multiple sites of preferential dissolution were observed clearly in the matrix. It was postulated that the small dissolution sites in the matrix may have been faulted dislocation loops that were segregated with silicon or phosphorus. Charge density in the potentiostatic transpassive test seemed to be an indicator of the degree of RIS of impurities.
Primers with 5′ Flaps Improve Real-Time PCR (2007)

Primers that contain portions noncomplementary to the target region are usually used to add to the PCR product a utility sequence such as a restriction site or a universal probe binding site. We have demonstrated that primers with short 5'AT-rich overhangs increase real-time PCR fluorescent signal. The improvement is particularly significant for difficult to amplify templates, such as highly variable viral sequences or bisulfite-treated DNA.
Dual Hysteresis Model of MR Dampers (2020)

This study concerns modeling the hysteretic behaviour of magnetorheological (MR) dampers. In general, hysteresis is one of key factors influencing the output of such actuators. So far more attention of various researchers has been paid to studying the combined hysteretic behaviour of MR actuators by observing the relationships between the output (force/torque) and the inputs (current, velocity, position). However, these devices feature two distinct hysteretic mechanisms: mechanical/hydraulic and magnetic. The mechanical hysteresis is of different nature than the magnetic hysteresis due to the properties of ferromagnetic materials forming the actuator's elec- tromagnet circuit, and these should be split in the modeling process. In the present study we separate the magnetic hysteresis from the mechanical/hydraulic one by investigating the magnetic flux vs exciting current relationship of a commercial flow-mode MR damper subjected to sinusoidal current loading and independently of the mechanical excitations. The resulting behaviour of the electromagnetic circuit is then examined using the nonlinear inductor approach with hysteresis. Total hysteresis is then modeled using a non-linear inductor model in combination with a phenomenological parametric Maxwell type model of the damper.
High Temperature Deformation and Associated 3D Characterisation of Damage in Magnesium Alloys (2012)

A way to overcome the low deformability of magnesium alloys at room temperature is toincrease the temperature of forming operations. The stress exponent n, which is known to be a keyparameter in the control of plastic stability, generally decreases when temperature increases.Nevertheless, low n-values are not enough to ensure large capacity of deformation since fracturecan also result from strain induced cavitation. In the present investigation, both the mechanisms ofhigh temperature deformation and damage were studied in selected Mg alloys. Since damage datacan also give information on the deformation mechanisms, the strain induce cavitation behaviourwas mainly studied thanks to X-ray micro tomography which provides 3D information like thecavity shapes or the variation with strain of the number of cavities. Moreover, additionally toconventional post mortem analyses, it was attempted to perform the 3D damage characterisation inin situ conditions, namely directly during high temperature deformation tests.
Ocular microtremor (OMT): a new neurophysiological approach to multiple sclerosis (2000)

Using a piezoelectric transducer, the frequency and pattern of ocular microtremor (OMT) between 50 normal subjects and 50 patients with multiple sclerosis were compared. Controls were age matched. All records were analysed blindly. The frequency of OMT in the normal group was 86 (SD 6) Hz, which was significantly different from that of the multiple sclerosis group (71 (SD) 10 Hz, p<0.001). Those in the multiple sclerosis group with clinical evidence of brain stem or cerebellar disease (n=36) had an average OMT frequency of 67 (SD 9) Hz (p<0.001) compared with normal (n=86), whereas those with no evidence of brain stem or cerebellar involvement (n=14) had a frequency of 81.2 (SD 6) Hz (p<0.05, n=64). The differences between the two multiple sclerosis groups were also significant (p<0. 001, n=50). At least one abnormality (frequency and pattern) of OMT activity was seen in 78% of patients with multiple sclerosis. In the presence of brain stem or cerebellar disease 89% had abnormal records whereas in the absence of such disease 50% had abnormal records. This is the first report of the application of this technique to patients with multiple sclerosis. The results suggest that OMT activity may be of value in the assessment of multiple sclerosis.
Multimodal Material Classification for Robots using Spectroscopy and High Resolution Texture Imaging (2020)

Material recognition can help inform robots about how to properly interact with and manipulate real-world objects. In this paper, we present a multimodal sensing technique, leveraging near-infrared spectroscopy and close-range high resolution texture imaging, that enables robots to estimate the materials of household objects. We release a dataset of high resolution texture images and spectral measurements collected from a mobile manipulator that interacted with 144 house-hold objects. We then present a neural network architecture that learns a compact multimodal representation of spectral measurements and texture images. When generalizing material classification to new objects, we show that this multimodal representation enables a robot to recognize materials with greater performance as compared to prior state-of-the-art approaches. Finally, we present how a robot can combine this high resolution local sensing with images from the robot's head-mounted camera to achieve accurate material classification over a scene of objects on a table.
Crosstalk Between COX-2 and EGFR: A Potential Therapeutic Opportunity (2008)

Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), the inducible form of COX, and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) are considered pharmacological targets to prevent or treat cancer. Key data implicating a causal relationship between COX-2, EGFR and carcinogenesis and possible mechanisms of action are reviewed. Evidence of crosstalk between COX-2 and EGFR is discussed. The potential of COX-2-derived prostaglandins to reduce tumor sensitivity to EGFR inhibitors is considered.
Multitalented Synthetic Antimicrobial Peptides and Their Antibacterial, Antifungal and Antiviral Mechanisms (2022)

Despite the great strides in healthcare during the last century, some challenges still remained unanswered. The development of multi-drug resistant bacteria, the alarming growth of fungal infections, the emerging/re-emerging of viral diseases are yet a worldwide threat. Since the discovery of natural antimicrobial peptides able to broadly hit several pathogens, peptide-based therapeutics have been under the lenses of the researchers. This review aims to focus on synthetic peptides and elucidate their multifaceted mechanisms of action as antiviral, antibacterial and antifungal agents. Antimicrobial peptides generally affect highly preserved structures, e.g., the phospholipid membrane via pore formation or other constitutive targets like peptidoglycans in Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria, and glucan in the fungal cell wall. Additionally, some peptides are particularly active on biofilm destabilizing the microbial communities. They can also act intracellularly, e.g., on protein biosynthesis or DNA replication. Their intracellular properties are extended upon viral infection since peptides can influence several steps along the virus life cycle starting from viral receptor-cell interaction to the budding. Besides their mode of action, improvements in manufacturing to increase their half-life and performances are also taken into consideration together with advantages and impairments in the clinical usage. Thus far, the progress of new synthetic peptide-based approaches is making them a promising tool to counteract emerging infections.
Inhibition of Nitric Oxide Formation by Neuronal Nitric Oxide Synthase by Quinones:  Nitric Oxide Synthase as a Quinone Reductase (1998)

Inhibitory action of a variety of quinoid compounds on neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) activity was examined with a 20000g rat cerebellar supernatant preparation and purified nNOS. The inhibition of citrulline formation from l-arginine by quinones, which exhibit one-electron reduction potentials (E17) ranging between -240 and -100 mV, increased at a more positive one-electron reduction potential, suggesting that quinone appears to act as an electron acceptor for nNOS. Among the quinones tested, 9,10-phenanthraquinone (PQ), corresponding to an E17 value of -124 mV, exhibited the most potent inhibiton of citrulline formation (IC50 value = 10 microM). A kinetic study revealed that PQ is a competitive inhibitor with respect to NADPH, with a Ki value of 0.38 +/- 0.12 microM, and a noncompetitive inhibitor with respect to l-arginine, with a Ki value of 9.63 +/- 0.20 microM. Partial purification of the enzymes which are responsible for reducing PQ in 20000g supernatant of rat cerebellum by anion-exchange column chromatography indicated that one catalyst for PQ reduction was nNOS. Reductase activity of PQ by purified nNOS required CaCl2/calmodulin and was markedly suppressed by the flavoprotein inhibitor diphenyleneiodonium but not by l-nitroarginine which is a specific inhibitor for NO formation. nNOS effectively reduced the quinones as well as PQ causing a marked decrease in the production of NO from l-arginine, while 1, 4-benzoquinone, 9,10-anthraquinone, mitomycin C, and lapachol, which show negligible inhibitory action on nNOS activity, were poor substrates for the enzyme on reduction. These results indicate that PQ and other quinones used in the present study interact with the NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductase domain on nNOS and thus probably inhibit NO formation by shunting electrons away from the normal catalytic pathway. Therefore, our study suggests that quinones could possibly affect NO-dependent physiological and/or pathophysiological actions in vivo.
The Application of Ti-15Mo Beta Titanium Alloy in High Strength Structural Orthopaedic Applications (2005)

Abstract Titanium-15Molybdenum beta titanium alloy is a generic alloy that has been around for a long time, but has never found wide use in the aerospace industry. Beta titanium alloys, in general, and corrosion-resistant biocompatible titanium alloys, in particular, attracted a lot of attention in the medical and surgical device industry in the late 1980s and early 1990s. Until that time, all of the titanium grades used for medical implant applications were based on ASTM “F” standards modeled from aerospace industry and AMS specifications. The CP titanium grades (CP-1, CP-2, and CP-4) and two α + β alloys, Ti-6Al-4V ELI and Ti-6Al-4V, were widely used in aerospace applications and found early acceptance to become the reference metallic materials in ASTM F 748. Two important factors held Ti-15Mo back from commercial applications and use: the physical metallurgy of the alloy and the inability of the then-current reactive metals melting and processing machinery to handle this unusual binary alloy. This paper will briefly review high-technology manufacturing advances and processing technology that have enabled the reliable production of large-scale lots of Ti-15Mo bar and rod product forms. Additionally, mechanical and metallurgical data for semi-finished high strength rod product suitable for highly stressed orthopaedic implant applications will be presented.
Catalytic Properties of Ni<sub>3</sub>Al Intermetallics for Methanol Decomposition (2004)

Ni3Al is known as promising high-temperature structural materials because of its excellent high temperature strength and corrosion/oxidation resistance. Recently, we found that Ni3Al shows high activity for methanol decomposition (CH3OH → 2H2 + CO), and little effect for steam reforming of methanol (CH3OH + H2O → 3H2 + CO2) in the case of feeding methanol and water. In the present study, we examined the catalytic activity of Ni3Al powders by feeding pure methanol at a reaction temperature range from 523 to 633 K. It was found that Ni3Al shows not only a high activity for the methanol decomposition but also suppresses the methanation. The catalytic properties of Ni3Al were compared to that in the case of feeding both methanol and water.
Determinants of the Circadian Rhythm of Bone Collagen Degradation in Human Subjects (1994)

Conference Abstract| December 01 1994 Determinants of the Circadian Rhythm of Bone Collagen Degradation in Human Subjects A Blumsohn; A Blumsohn 1Department of Human Metabolism and Clinical Biochemistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, England Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar K Herrington; K Herrington 1Department of Human Metabolism and Clinical Biochemistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, England Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar P Shao; P Shao 1Department of Human Metabolism and Clinical Biochemistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, England Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar DR Eyre; DR Eyre 1Department of Human Metabolism and Clinical Biochemistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, England Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar R Eastell R Eastell 1Department of Human Metabolism and Clinical Biochemistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, England Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Clin Sci (Lond) (1994) 87 (s31): 35P–36P. https://doi.org/10.1042/cs045035Pb_pt2 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter LinkedIn Cite Icon Cite Get Permissions Citation A Blumsohn, K Herrington, P Shao, DR Eyre, R Eastell; Determinants of the Circadian Rhythm of Bone Collagen Degradation in Human Subjects. Clin Sci (Lond) 1 December 1994; 87 (s31): 35P–36P. doi: https://doi.org/10.1042/cs045035Pb_pt2 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu nav search search input Search input auto suggest search filter All ContentAll JournalsClinical Science Search Advanced Search This content is only available as a PDF. © 1994 The Biochemical Society and the Medical Research Society1994 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
Francisella tularensisInfection-Derived Monoclonal Antibodies Provide Detection, Protection, and Therapy (2009)

Francisella tularensis is the causative agent of tularemia and a potential agent of biowarfare. As an easily transmissible infectious agent, rapid detection and treatment are necessary to provide a positive clinical outcome. As an agent of biowarfare, there is an additional need to prevent infection. We made monoclonal antibodies to the F. tularensis subsp. holarctica live vaccine strain (F. tularensis LVS) by infecting mice with a sublethal dose of bacteria and, following recovery, by boosting the mice with sonicated organisms. The response to the initial and primary infection was restricted to immunoglobulin M antibody directed solely against lipopolysaccharide (LPS). After boosting with sonicated organisms, the specificity repertoire broadened against protein antigens, including DnaK, LpnA, FopA, bacterioferritin, the 50S ribosomal protein L7/L12, and metabolic enzymes. These monoclonal antibodies detect F. tularensis LVS by routine immunoassays, including enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, Western blot analysis, and immunofluorescence. The ability of the antibodies to protect mice from intradermal infection, both prophylactically and therapeutically, was examined. An antibody to LPS which provides complete protection from infection with F. tularensis LVS and partial protection from infection with F. tularensis subsp. tularensis strain SchuS4 was identified. There was no bacteremia and reduced organ burden within the first 24 h when mice were protected from F. tularensis LVS infection with the anti-LPS antibody. No antibody that provided complete protection when administered therapeutically was identified; however, passive transfer of antibodies against LPS, FopA, and LpnA resulted in 40 to 50% survival of mice infected with F. tularensis LVS.
Spectral and temporal behavior of multiply ionized high-Z plasmas in the water window soft x-ray spectral region (2015)

A broadband and high-power water window soft x-ray source based on laser-produced high-Z plasmas has a great potential for bio-nanoimaging technologies. Here, we characterized the feature of multiply ionized Au, Pb and Bi plasmas.
Automated model-based tissue classification of MR images of the brain (1999)

Describes a fully automated method for model-based tissue classification of magnetic resonance (MR) images of the brain. The method interleaves classification with estimation of the model parameters, improving the classification at each iteration. The algorithm is able to segment single- and multi-spectral MR images, corrects for MR signal inhomogeneities, and incorporates contextual information by means of Markov random Fields (MRF's). A digital brain atlas containing prior expectations about the spatial location of tissue classes is used to initialize the algorithm. This makes the method fully automated and therefore it provides objective and reproducible segmentations. The authors have validated the technique on simulated as well as on real MR images of the brain.
HRTEM and molecular modeling of the MoS2–Co9S8interface: understanding the promotion effect in bulk HDS catalysts (2011)

As environmental regulations increase, more selective transition metal sulfide (TMS) catalytic materials for hydrotreating applications are needed. Highly active TMS catalysts become more and more desirable triggering new interest for unsupported Co-promoted MoS2-based systems that have high volumetric activity as reported here. Contrary to the common observation for alumina-supported MoS2-based catalysts, we found in our previous studies with dibenzothiophene (DBT) hydrodesulfurization (HDS) that the catalytic activity is directly proportional to the increase of surface area of the sulfide phases (Co9S8 and MoS2) present in Co-promoted MoS2 unsupported catalysts. This suggests that activity is directly connected with an increase of the contact surface area between the two sulfide phases. Understanding of the nature of the possible interaction between MoS2 and Co9S8 in unsupported catalytic systems is therefore critical in order to get a more generalized overview of the causes for synergy. This has been achieved herein through the detailed characterization by XRD, XPS, and HRTEM of the highly active Co9S8/MoS2 catalyst resulting in a proposed model for a Co9S8/MoS2 interface. This model was then subjected to a DFT analysis to determine a reasonable description of the surface contact region between the two bulk phases. Modelling of the interface shows the creation of open latent vacancy sites on Mo atoms interacting with Co and formation of direct Co–Mo bonds. Strong electron donation from Co to Mo also occurs through the intermediate sulfur atom bonded to both metals while an enhanced metallic character is also found. These changes in coordination and electronic properties are expected to favor a synergetic effect between Co and Mo at the proposed localized interface region between the two bulk MoS2 and Co9S8 phases.
Abstract 20560: Heart Rate Variability Evaluation in Patients With Long Standing Persistent Atrial Fibrillation Treated With Thoracoscopic Surgical Ablation With Ganglionic Plexi Ablation or Catheter Ablation - Recordings From Implantable Loop Recorder (2017)

Introduction: Ganglionic plexi (GP) are becoming ablation targets in treatments of atrial fibrillation (AF) and may have profound effect on cardiac autonomic status. However, this has not been full...
T Cell Immunity to the Alkyl Hydroperoxide Reductase of Burkholderia pseudomallei: A Correlate of Disease Outcome in Acute Melioidosis (2015)

There is an urgent need for a better understanding of adaptive immunity to Burkholderia pseudomallei, the causative agent of melioidosis that is frequently associated with sepsis or death in patients in Southeast Asia and Northern Australia. The imperative to identify vaccine targets is driven both by the public health agenda in these regions and biological threat concerns. In several intracellular bacterial pathogens, alkyl hydroperoxidase reductases are upregulated as part of the response to host oxidative stress, and they can stimulate strong adaptive immunity. We show that alkyl hydroperoxidase reductase (AhpC) of B. pseudomallei is strongly immunogenic for T cells of 'humanized' HLA transgenic mice and seropositive human donors. Some T cell epitopes, such as p6, are able to bind diverse HLA class II heterodimers and stimulate strong T cell immunity in mice and humans. Importantly, patients with acute melioidosis who survive infection show stronger T cell responses to AhpC relative to those who do not. Although the sequence of AhpC is virtually invariant among global B. pseudomallei clinical isolates, a Cambodian isolate varies only in C-terminal truncation of the p6 T cell epitope, raising the possibility of selection by host immunity. This variant peptide is virtually unable to stimulate T cell immunity. For an infection in which there has been debate about centrality of T cell immunity in defense, these observations support a role for T cell immunity to AhpC in disease protection.
Chemical Recognition and Nematocyte Excitation in A Sea Anemone (1979)

ABSTRACT The response of nematocytes in the anemone Stichodactyla haddoni to contact with complex organic compounds varies according to the substance concerned and in most cases according to the level of accompanying mechanical stimulation. Compounds with a proteinaceous moiety differ in their capacity to excite nematocytes, but usually tend to induce a stronger response than polysaccharides or lipids. Nematocyst discharge against foreign animals appears to be the result of a sophisticated cellular recognition process in which the nematocytes, and/or cells closely associated with them, respond to physical contact with a surface of appropriate chemical composition.