gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Identification of Dual Receptor Binding Protein Systems in Lactococcal 936 Group Phages (2018)

<i>Siphoviridae</i> of the lactococcal 936 group are the most commonly encountered bacteriophages in the dairy processing environment. The 936 group phages possess a discrete baseplate at the tip of their tail-a complex harbouring the Receptor Binding Protein (RBP) which is responsible for host recognition and attachment. The baseplate-encoding region is highly conserved amongst 936 phages, with 112 of 115 publicly available phages exhibiting complete synteny. Here, we detail the three exceptions (Phi4.2, Phi4R15L, and Phi4R16L), which differ from this genomic architecture in possessing an apparent second RBP-encoding gene upstream of the "classical" <i>rbp</i> gene. The newly identified RBP possesses an elongated neck region relative to currently defined 936 phage RBPs and is genetically distinct from defined 936 group RBPs. Through detailed characterisation of the representative phage Phi4.2 using a wide range of complementary techniques, we demonstrated that the above-mentioned three phages possess a complex and atypical baseplate structure. Furthermore, the presence of both RBPs in the tail tip of the mature virion was confirmed, while the anticipated host-binding capabilities of both proteins were also verified.
ChemInform Abstract: Development of Advanced Biodiesel Fuel Production Process (2013)

Abstract Review: 18 refs.
Low-energy electron microscopy and spectroscopy with ESCHER: Status and prospects (2011)

We describe the layout and the capabilities of a new aberration-corrected low-energy electron microscopy (LEEM) and photoemission electron microscopy (PEEM) facility, which features real- and reciprocal-space spectroscopy. This new setup, named Electronic, Structural, and Chemical Nanoimaging in Real Time (ESCHER), was recently installed at Leiden University. It has three major instrumentation-related goals. First, we aim to reach the ultimate spatial resolution facilitated by aberration correction using an electron mirror, together with advanced electron detection. Second, we want to develop and exploit the spectroscopic possibilities of LEEM and PEEM in a standard laboratory environment. To this end, ESCHER is equipped with an inline energy filter and advanced photon sources. Third, we plan to extend the sample temperature range down to approximately 10 K, which is significantly lower than that achieved to date. Combined, these efforts will broaden the scientific reach of LEEM and PEEM beyond the areas of surface and materials science and into the realms of biosciences and life sciences. Here, we also present images of the first experiments performed with ESCHER focused on the growth of graphene on SiC(0001).
Preparation of a technetium‐99m SPECT agent for imaging the sigma‐2 receptor status of solid tumors (2001)

Abstract The synthesis and in vitro binding of a novel 99m Tc‐labeled radiotracer for imaging the sigma‐2 ( σ 2 ) receptor status of breast tumors is described. Structural characterization and in vitro binding studies were conducted using the corresponding rhenium surrogate, Re‐2 . X‐ray crystallographic studies revealed that the complexation reaction gave exclusively the syn isomer. In vitro binding studies indicated that this complex has a high affinity for σ 2 ( K i =13.7 nM) versus σ 1 receptors ( K i =1125 nM). These data indicate that [ 99m Tc] 2 may be a promising agent for imaging the σ 2 receptor status of tumors in vivo with the functional imaging technique, single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT). Copyright © 2001 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.
Computer-aided train dispatching with expert systems (1995)

The increasing traffic density on the main lines of European railways requires sophisticated operation control systems, which provide intelligent support for the operators. Here, the author describes how, using modern software technologies (in particular expert systems), it is possible to introduce computer-aided dispatching systems for railway operator support, including automatic conflict solution-based dispatching systems.
Colchicine in diabetes mellitus. (1993)

As anti-inflammatory drugs such as acetylsalicylic acid are known to partially restore insulin response to glucose, the possible beneficial effect of colchicine, an anti-gout and anti-inflammatory drug, in non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) was studied. Colchicine could significantly reduce blood glucose levels, both fasting and post-prandial when given at a dose of 0.5 mg thrice a day in NIDDM patients. There were no side-effects due to the therapy. This study suggests that colchicine has anti-diabetic properties.
Position and Speed Control of Brushless DC Motors Using Sensorless Techniques and Application Trends (2010)

This paper provides a technical review of position and speed sensorless methods for controlling Brushless Direct Current (BLDC) motor drives, including the background analysis using sensors, limitations and advances. The performance and reliability of BLDC motor drivers have been improved because the conventional control and sensing techniques have been improved through sensorless technology. Then, in this paper sensorless advances are reviewed and recent developments in this area are introduced with their inherent advantages and drawbacks, including the analysis of practical implementation issues and applications. The study includes a deep overview of state-of-the-art back-EMF sensing methods, which includes Terminal Voltage Sensing, Third Harmonic Voltage Integration, Terminal Current Sensing, Back-EMF Integration and PWM strategies. Also, the most relevant techniques based on estimation and models are briefly analysed, such as Sliding-mode Observer, Extended Kalman Filter, Model Reference Adaptive System, Adaptive observers (Full-order and Pseudoreduced-order) and Artificial Neural Networks.
The Lubrication of Slippers in Axial Piston Pumps and Motors—the Effect of Tilting Couples (1989)

In addition to the load from the fluid pressure acting on the piston, slippers in axial piston pumps and motors must carry couples produced by the centrifugal loads from pump rotation and by the friction acting at the piston/slipper ball joint. These couples have a major influence on slipper performance and largely control the slipper clearance and leakage. Small amounts of surface non-flatness are known to be necessary for slipper lubrication and it is shown that, on this basis, the behaviour of slippers when subject to tilting couples can be satisfactorily predicted. Neither the magnitude nor precise shape of the surface profile appears to be of critical importance provided that the slipper lands have a generally rounded and convex profile. Measured clearances under slippers subject to tilting couples confirm the theoretical predictions.
The Shape of Averaged Drop Size Distributions (1995)

The shape of averaged drop size distributions (DSD) is studied from a large sample of data (892 h) collected at several sites of various latitudes. The results show that neither the hypothesis of an exponential distribution to represent rainfall with a high rain raw (R) nor the concept of equilibrium distribution arising from the various models using the parameterization of Low and List is compatible with the observations. To describe the DSD two regions have to be distinguished: a small-drop region, for diameter D smaller than a threshold Dc, and a large-drop region, for diameter D larger than Dc. For D<Dc the distributions are strongly dependent on R and on z0, the height of fall of the rain from the base of the melting level. The decrease in the relative number of small drops with increasing R suggests that in this region the depletion of the small drops by the big ones is not totally compensated for by the input of small drops due to the collisions breakup process; there is no stationary state for D<Dc. In the big-drop region, for D>Dc, the slope of the distributions is almost independent of D. At low values of R (<20 mm h−1) it decreases when R increases, and not much depends on z0. For increasing values of R beyond about 20 mm h−1, the slope of the distributions tends toward a constant value of about 2.2–2.3 mm−1. This suggests a certain stationarity between the coalescence and collisional breakup processes in intense rainfalls. It also appears that the two regions are not much influenced by each other. The value of Dc increases with R and with z0. The relation between the radar reflectivity factor (Z) and R obtained from the averaged DSDs are close to those calculated from nonaveraged data and compatible with those proposed in the literature. The differences observed between the coefficients of Z–R relations for various types of rain are essentially due to the differences in small-drop concentration.
Facing Trauma and Surgical Emergency in Space: Hemorrhagic Shock (2022)

Although the risk of trauma in space is low, unpredictable events can occur that may require surgical treatment. Hemorrhage can be a life-threatening condition while traveling to another planet and after landing on it. These exploration missions call for a different approach than rapid return to Earth, which is the policy currently adopted on the International Space Station (ISS) in low Earth orbit (LEO). Consequences are difficult to predict, given the still scarce knowledge of human physiology in such environments. Blood loss in space can deplete the affected astronaut's physiological reserves and all stored crew supplies. In this review, we will describe different aspects of hemorrhage in space, and by comparison with terrestrial conditions, the possible solutions to be adopted, and the current state of the art.
Electron Microscopy of the Canine Corneal Basement Membranes (2002)

The purpose of this study was to characterize the surface topographical features of the epithelial and endothelial (Descemet's) basement membranes of the canine cornea. Corneas were obtained from young, healthy dogs (<2 years old) with no history or evidence of previous ocular disease. The epithelium and endothelium was carefully removed preserving the anterior and posterior basement membranes. The specimens were examined by transmission electron microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The epithelial and endothelial basement membrane surface topography is an intricate meshwork of pores and fibers measuring in the nanometer size range. The features of the endothelial basement membrane overall are smaller in size than the epithelial basement membrane. These surface topographical features may incite changes in epithelial and endothelial cell behavior.
In Vivo Imaging of the Pancreas and Gut Hormone Receptors (2022)

Biomedical imaging techniques like positron emission tomography (PET) have been implemented into the clinical diagnostic routine in many areas, such as oncology, neurology, and cardiology. However, their use in the clinical management of diabetes is not as advanced. Recent decades have seen progress in novel techniques for clinical molecular imaging of receptors and cell subtypes, including those crucial for pancreatic function in both health and disease. Advances include studying, e.g., the insulin-producing beta cells and the most common incretin and gut hormone receptors. Techniques for efficient functionalisation and radiolabelling of peptides and proteins have enabled PET imaging using the growing number of biological drugs or modified endogenous hormones. Importantly, the novel techniques are in or under clinical translation and approval, suggesting that they may become part of the routine assessment in diabetes diagnosis and management in the coming years. This chapter summarises recent developments and advances in the application of PET techniques for visualising processes in the pancreas that are crucial in diabetes pathology and treatment.
Geometric characterization of intermittency in the parabolic Anderson model (2007)

We consider the parabolic Anderson problem ∂tu=Δu+ξ(x)u on ℝ+×ℤd with localized initial condition u(0, x)=δ0(x) and random i.i.d. potential ξ. Under the assumption that the distribution of ξ(0) has a double-exponential, or slightly heavier, tail, we prove the following geometric characterization of intermittency: with probability one, as t→∞, the overwhelming contribution to the total mass ∑xu(t, x) comes from a slowly increasing number of “islands” which are located far from each other. These “islands” are local regions of those high exceedances of the field ξ in a box of side length 2t log2t for which the (local) principal Dirichlet eigenvalue of the random operator Δ+ξ is close to the top of the spectrum in the box. We also prove that the shape of ξ in these regions is nonrandom and that u(t, ⋅) is close to the corresponding positive eigenfunction. This is the geometric picture suggested by localization theory for the Anderson Hamiltonian.
Adenine and Adenosine Are Toxic to Human Lymphoblast Mutants Defective in Purine Salvage Enzymes (1977)

Mutants deficient in adenosine kinase or adenine phosphoribosyltransferase activities were selected from the WI-L2 line of human lymphoblasts. The adenosine kinase-deficient mutant was still as sensitive as its parent to growth inhibition caused by adenosine deaminase was inhibited. Similarly, the adenine phosphoribosyltransferase mutant remained sensitive to growth inhibition caused by adenine. Thus, the toxicity of adenine and adenosine to human lymphoblasts is not mediated by nucleotides to which they may be converted.
Brønsted acidic ionic liquid based magnetic nanoparticles: a new promoter for the Biginelli synthesis of 3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-ones/thiones (2013)

The Brønsted acidic ionic liquid 1-methyl-3-(3-trimethoxysilylpropyl) imidazolium hydrogen sulfate was immobilized on magnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticles (MNPs-IL-HSO4). The properties of the magnetic nanocatalyst were characterized by FT-IR, EDX, SEM, elemental analysis, XRD, VSM, and TGA. The results showed that the ionic liquid had been successfully immobilized onto the magnetic support, and the immobilized ionic liquid catalysts exhibited high catalytic activity in the Biginelli reaction under mild conditions for the synthesis of a diverse range of 3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-ones. It also maintained satisfactory catalytic activity for the synthesis of Biginelli compounds after 8 rounds of recycling. The separation and reuse of the novel solid catalyst were simple, effective and economical.
Improvement of high-voltage staircase drive circuit waveform for high-intensity therapeutic ultrasound (2016)

Abstract Recently, in the treatment of diseases such as cancer, noninvasive or low-invasive modality, such as high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU), has been put into practice as an alternative to open surgery. HIFU induces thermal ablation of the target tissue to be treated. To improve the efficiency of HIFU, we have proposed a “triggered-HIFU” technique, which uses the combination of a short-duration, high-voltage transmission and a long-duration, medium-voltage transmission. In this method, the transmission device must endure high peak voltage for the former and the high time-average power for the latter. The triggered-HIFU sequence requires electronic scanning of the HIFU focus to maximize its thermal efficiency. Therefore, the transmission device must drive an array transducer with the number of elements on the order of a hundred or more, which requires that each part of the device that drives each element must be compact. The purpose of this work is to propose and construct such a transmission device by improving the staircase drive circuit, which we previously proposed. The main point of improvement is that both N and P MOSFETs are provided for each staircase voltage level instead of only one of them. Compared with the previous ultrasonic transmission circuit, high-voltage spikes were significantly reduced, the power consumption was decreased by 26.7%, and the transmission circuit temperature rise was decreased by 14.5 °C in the triggered-HIFU heating mode.
Comparative Study of Thermostability and Structure of Close Homologues - Barnase and Binase (1993)

Parameters of heat denaturation and intrinsic fluorescence of barnase and its close homologue, binase in the pH region 2-6 have been determined. The barnase heat denaturation (pH 2.8-5.5) proceeds according to the "all-or-none" principle. Barnase denaturation temperature is lower than that of binase and this difference increases from 2.5 degrees C at pH 5 to 7 degrees C at pH 3. Enthalpy values of barnase and binase denaturation coincide only at pH 4.5-5.5, but as far as pH decreases the barnase denaturation enthalpy decreases significantly and in this respect it differs from binase. The fluorescence and CD techniques do not reveal any distinctions in the local environment of aromatic residues in the two proteins, and the obtained difference in the parameters of intrinsic fluorescence is due to fluorescence quenching of the barnase Trp94 by the His 18 residue, absent in binase. Secondary structures of both native and denaturated proteins also do not differ. Some differences in the barnase and binase electrostatic characteristics, revealed in the character of the dipole moments distribution, have been found.
Cloning and Identification of the hemG Gene Encoding Protoporphyrinogen Oxidase (PPO) of Escherichia coli K-12 (1995)

Cells of the VSR751 strain, which was previously isolated as a photoresistant revertant of the visA-deleted (hemH-deleted) strain of Escherichia coli K-12, accumulated uroporphyrin (uro), coproporphyrin (copro) and protoporphyrin IX (proto), but did not accumulate as much protoporphyrin as cells of the parental strain (hemH-deleted). Therefore, we concluded that strain VSR751 must be defective in protoporphyrinogen oxidase (PPO), the product of the hemG gene. By complementation analysis using VSR751, we isolated and identified this gene. The hemG gene is located at 86 mim on the E. coli chromosome, just upstream of the rrnA operon, and is transcribed clockwise in the same direction as the rrnA operon. This gene encodes a 181-amino acid protein with a calculated molecular mass of about 21 kDa. Sequence analysis revealed the presence of flavodoxin motif, suggesting tha a cofactor of this enzyme is flavin mononucleotide, which is consistent with the previous report that the mammalian PPO had the flavin cofactor.
Performance of IEEE 802.15.4a UWB Systems Under Multi-User Interference (2007)

In this paper, we evaluate the performance of impulse radio-ultra wideband (IR-UWB) communications at the physical layer (PHY) level in a multi-user low data rate (LDR) context. Focusing more specifically on the IEEE 802.15.4a standard, this study aims at characterizing and quantifying the potential interference effects resulting from simultaneous competing transmissions. For the sake of simplicity, we deliberately restrict the investigation to a generic coherent Rake receiver in typical illustrating scenarios (in terms of nominal bit rate, pulse repetition period, and channel configuration). On this occasion, we provide original semi-analytical bit error rate (BER) models and simulation results, along with realistic figures for the corresponding tolerated SIR and SNR levels. The derived interference specifications, which properly abstract the IEEE 802.15.4a PHY layer in the presence of MUI, can be considered as relevant inputs for further system, medium access control (MAC), or cross-layer studies.
Effect of surface oxide layers in solid-state welding of aluminium alloys – review (2023)

This review sheds novel insights on the residual oxide behaviour of solid-state weld joints of aluminium alloys. Understanding the influence of oxides on the aluminium surface before and during welding, its impact on the weld structure and possible solutions for reducing its impact were addressed. The solid-state techniques most relevant to the transportation sector namely, diffusion bonding, friction stir spot welding and ultrasonic welding were surveyed, analysed and reviewed. During this analysis, the implication of the presence of oxides on aluminium substrate affecting the metallurgical characteristics of the weld joints was reviewed. Visible defects such as voids, delamination, kissing bond and hook defects, and problems associated with these defects were analysed and few suggestions are made to partially overcome these issues. Abbreviations: AS, Advancing side; CDRX, Continuous dynamic recrystallisation; CFSSW, Conventional friction stir spot welding; DB, Diffusion bonding; EDS, Energy-dispersive spectroscopy; e-TEM, Environmental transmission electron microscopy; FSW, Friction stir welding; FFSSW, Flat friction stir spot welding; FSSW, Friction stir spot welding; IPDB, Impulse pressuring diffusion bonding; IPADB, Impulse pressure-assisted diffusion bonding; PLT-FSSW, Pinless tool friction stir spot welding; PFSSW, Protrusion friction stir spot welding; RFSSW, Refill friction stir spot welding; RS, Retreating side; RZ, Recrystallised zone; SEM, Scanning electron microscopy; TEM, Transmission electron microscopy; TWI, The Welding Institute; USW, Ultrasonic welding; WFI, Weld faying interface; WFSSW, Walking friction stir spot welding; XPS, X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy
Antibiotic utilization and Pseudomonas aeruginosa resistance in intensive care units. (2011)

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is one of the most frequent and dangerous pathogens involved in the etiology of severe nosocomial infections. A retrospective observational study was conducted at all intensive care units of the University Hospital in Olomouc, Czech Republic (155 ICU beds). Complete antibiotic utilization data of the ICUs in the period of 1999 to 2008 were processed according to ATC/DDD system and expressed in defined daily doses per 100 bed-days (DBD). Utilization of meropenem, imipenem, ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin, pefloxacin, gentamicin, amikacin, ceftazidime, cefoperazone, cefoperazone/sulbactam and piperacillin/tazobactam was measured. Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains were isolated from clinical material obtained from patients hospitalized in ICUs. During the ten-year period, utilization of the entire group of antibiotics monitored grew. It increased from 23.52 DBD in 1999 to 27.48 DBD in 2008 with a peak of 33.04 DBD in 2007. P. aeruginosa accounted for as much as 42% of pneumonias and 23% of surgical wound infections. Our results show that P. aeruginosa strains became gradually resistant to all antibiotics used in the treatment of the infections caused by them, with the exception of amikacin and piperacillin/tazobactam.
Hodgkin's lymphoma and tumor necrosis factor inhibitors in juvenile idiopathic arthritis. (2008)

To the Editor:

Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-blocking agents are widely used currently in treatment of juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA)1, but there may be as-yet unknown longterm toxicities. There is controversy regarding the increased risk of lymphoma with anti-TNF agents in adults with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), but according to a recent metaanalysis based on 9 randomized controlled clinical trials, there were higher rates of malignancies in patients treated with TNF inhibitors (0.8%) compared to placebo or active controls (0.2%)2. Additionally, there have been 8 cases reported of hepatosplenic T cell lymphoma occurring in patients with pediatric Crohn’s disease treated with infliximab3,…