gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A selectable, plasmid-based system to generate CRISPR/Cas9 gene edited and knock-in mosquito cell lines (2020)

Abstract Aedes (Ae.) aegypti and Ae. albopictus mosquitoes transmit arthropod-borne diseases around the globe, causing ~700,000 deaths each year. Genetic mutants are valuable tools to interrogate both fundamental vector biology and mosquito host factors important for viral infection. However, very few genetic mutants have been described in mosquitoes in comparison to model organisms. The relative ease of applying CRISPR/Cas9 based gene editing has transformed genome engineering and has rapidly increased the number of available gene mutants in mosquitoes. Yet, in vivo studies may not be practical for screening large sets of mutants or possible for laboratories that lack insectaries. Thus, it would be useful to adapt CRISPR/Cas9 systems to common mosquito cell lines. In this study, we generated and characterized a mosquito optimized, plasmid based CRISPR/Cas9 system for use in U4.4 ( Ae. albopictus ) and Aag2 ( Ae. aegypti) cell lines. We demonstrated highly efficient editing of the AGO1 locus and isolated knock-down AGO1 cell lines. Further, we used homology-directed repair to establish knock-in Aag2 cell lines with a 3xFLAG-tag at the N-terminus of endogenous AGO1 . These experimentally verified plasmids are versatile, cost-effective, and efficiently edit immune competent mosquito cell lines that are widely used in arbovirus studies.
Reepithelialization of a Full-Thickness Burn from Stem Cells of Hair Follicles Micrografted into a Tissue-Engineered Dermal Template (Integra) (2004)

We report a head and neck full-thickness burn injury that was reconstructed with a tissue-engineered dermal template and then early implantation of microdissected hair follicles through the silicone epidermis 12 days after the burn injury. The treatment resulted in complete reepithelialization and a hair-bearing scalp without the need for a split-thickness skin graft. Restoration of the stem cell population, hair growth, and earlier reepithelialization were achieved using this novel micrografting technique, and histologic examination confirmed maturation of a normal skin type over the subsequent 2 years.
Synthesis and Structure-Activity Relationships of a Series of Penicillin-Derived HIV Proteinase Inhibitors: Heterocyclic Ring Systems Containing P1' and P2' Substituents (1994)

As an extension of our earlier work based upon a single penicillin-derived thiazolidine moiety we have found that the decahydroisoquinoline grouping, also present in Ro 31-8959, is an effective replacement for one of the thiazolidine units in C2 symmetric penicillin-derived dimers. Reaction of racemic epoxide 6 with [3S-[3 alpha, 4a alpha, 8a alpha]]-decahydro-N-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-3- isoquinolinecarboxamide gave diasteroisomers 34a and 34b. The stereochemistry of the hydroxyl grouping of 34a was determined to be (S). Reaction of the amines derived from 34a and 34b with thiazolidine 8a gave 50 and 51, respectively. Compound 50 was a potent inhibitor of HIV proteinase (IC50 = 23 nM) with antiviral activity against HIV-1 in vitro (EC50 C8166 cells = 50 nM). However, a poor pharmacokinetic profile in the dog for compound 50 and its analogues, in keeping with earlier studies on penicillin-derived dimers in three species, precluded their development as potential antivirals.
SYSTEM DESIGN CONCEPTS FOR MODERN UNIT-TRAIN OPERATIONS (1978)

Recent and current investigations into the specific costs of heavy-haul unit-train operation are revealing that cost experience on such railroads is appreciably different than that traditionally found on railroads. To provide an economical design for a new or modified heavy-haul railroad, it is recommended that these new cost relationships be carefully considered in the design process. A systems approach is presented which enables the designer to select various combinations of design features so as to minimize the total costs of constructing and operating the railroad. Design features include such items as alignment, car size and train consist. The costs that are affected by the choice of alternative design features include initial construction and equipment costs, annual fuel cost, and annual operating and maintenance costs. The conceptual relationships between these costs and design variables are described, and recent costs from actual heavy-haul railroads are presented. An illustrative example then demonstrates the application of such cost relationships to design of a hypothetical railroad. Comparisons are made between the conclusions drawn regarding design of conventional vs. heavy-haul railroads, and the importance of such a systems design approach is demonstrated.
Mechanical Responses of Breast Cancer Cells to Substrates of Varying Stiffness Revealed by Single-Cell Measurements (2020)

How cancer cells respond to different mechanical environments remains elusive. Here, we investigated the tension in single focal adhesions of MDA-MB-231 (metastatic breast cancer cells) and MCF-10A (normal human breast cells) cells on substrates of varying stiffness using single-cell measurements. Tension measurements in single focal adhesions using an improved FRET-based tension sensor showed that the tension in focal adhesions of MDA-MB-231 cells increased on stiffer substrates while the tension in MCF-10A cells exhibited no apparent change against the substrate stiffness. Viscoelasticity measurements using magnetic tweezers showed that the power-law exponent of MDA-MB-231 cells decreased on stiffer substrates whereas MCF-10A cells had similar exponents throughout the whole stiffness, indicating that MDA-MB-231 cells change their viscoelasticity on stiffer substrates. Such changes in tension in focal adhesions and viscoelasticity against the substrate stiffness represent an adaptability of cancer cells in mechanical environments, which can facilitate the metastasis of cancer cells to different tissues.
Determining the Proximity Effect-Induced Magnetic Moment in Graphene by Polarized Neutron Reflectivity and X-ray Magnetic Circular Dichroism (2023)

We report the magnitude of the induced magnetic moment in CVD-grown epitaxial and rotated-domain graphene in proximity with a ferromagnetic Ni film, using polarized neutron reflectivity (PNR) and X-ray magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD). The XMCD spectra at the C <i>K</i>-edge confirm the presence of a magnetic signal in the graphene layer, and the sum rules give a magnetic moment of up to ∼0.47 μ<sub>B</sub>/C atom induced in the graphene layer. For a more precise estimation, we conducted PNR measurements. The PNR results indicate an induced magnetic moment of ∼0.41 μ<sub>B</sub>/C atom at 10 K for epitaxial and rotated-domain graphene. Additional PNR measurements on graphene grown on a nonmagnetic Ni<sub>9</sub>Mo<sub>1</sub> substrate, where no magnetic moment in graphene is measured, suggest that the origin of the induced magnetic moment is due to the opening of the graphene's Dirac cone as a result of the strong C p<sub><i>z</i></sub>-Ni 3d hybridization.
Deletion Mutagenesis within the Dimerization Initiation Site of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Results in Delayed Processing of the p2 Peptide from Precursor Proteins (1999)

Previous work has shown that deletions of genomic segments at nucleotide (nt) positions +238 to +253, i.e., construct BH10-LD3, or nt positions +261 to +274, i.e., construct BH10-LD4, within the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) dimerization initiation site (DIS) destroyed DIS secondary structure and dramatically reduced viral replication capacity. Surprisingly, two point mutations located within the viral peptide 2 (p2) and nucleocapsid (NC) protein termed MP2 and MNC, respectively, were able to compensate for this defect. Since the MP2 mutation involves an amino acid substitution near the cleavage site between p2 and NC, we investigated the effects of the above-mentioned deletions on the processing of Gag proteins. Immunoprecipitation assays performed with monoclonal antibodies against viral capsid (CA) (p24) protein showed that p2 was cleaved from CA with less efficiency in viruses that contained the LD3 and LD4 deletions than in wild-type viruses. The presence of the two compensatory mutations, MP2 and MNC, increased the efficiency of the cleavage of p2 from CA, but neither mutation alone had this effect or was sufficient to compensate for the observed impairment in infectiousness. A virus that contained both of the above-mentioned deletions within the DIS was also impaired in regard to processing and infectiousness, and it could likewise be compensated by the MP2 and MNC point mutations. These results suggest that the DIS region of HIV-1 RNA plays an important role in the processing of Gag proteins.
Electric field dependency of dielectric behavior of thermally sprayed ceramic coatings (2015)

High temperature applications e.g. fuel cells require ceramic based insulation solutions instead of polymers. The aim of this paper was to characterize the dielectric properties of thermally sprayed ceramic coatings; especially the electric field dependency of AC and DC behavior of thermally sprayed ceramic coatings. One of the spinel samples and one of the alumina samples have quite similar lamellar microstructure which may partly explain their similar type of behavior in DC resistivity as well as in AC loss indexes at low frequencies. These two samples had smaller lamellar size than the other alumina and spinel samples which also had quite similar behavior of AC losses at low frequencies, respectively. In addition to the lamellar size and structure, also micro cracks in the coating microstructure are proposed to have an effect on the dielectric behavior and its electric field dependency.
Brain Cancer in Workers Employed at a Laboratory Research Facility (2014)

With the addition of four more years of follow-up and in the absence of any new brain cancers, the updated estimate of the risk of brain cancer death is smaller than in the original study. There was no consistent pattern among the work histories of decedents that indicated a common causative exposure.
Hypertension in aged female (2017)

Hypertension is a leading cause of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality for aged female.Hypertension in aged women has its own characteristics, thus management and control of blood pressure have become a huge problem for physicians.Timely diagnosis and evidence-based therapy can reduce the risk of cardiovascular events, end-staged renal disease and stroke.


Key words: 
Hypertension; Aged; Female
UFAT-a particle tracer for time-dependent flow fields (1994)

Time-dependent (unsteady) flow fields are commonly generated in Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations; however, there are very few flow visualization systems that generate particle traces in unsteady flow fields. Most existing systems generate particle traces in time-independent flow fields. A particle tracing system has been developed to generate particle traces in unsteady flow fields. The system was used to visualize several 3D unsteady flow fields from real-world problems, and it has provided useful insights into the time-varying phenomena in the flow fields. In this paper, the design requirements and the architecture of the system are described. Some examples of particle traces computed by the system are also shown.
Cyclipostins and cyclophostin analogs inhibit the antigen 85C from Mycobacterium tuberculosis both in vitro and in vivo (2018)

An increasing prevalence of cases of drug-resistant tuberculosis requires the development of more efficacious chemotherapies. We previously reported the discovery of a new class of cyclipostins and cyclophostin (CyC) analogs exhibiting potent activity against <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> both <i>in vitro</i> and in infected macrophages. Competitive labeling/enrichment assays combined with MS have identified several serine or cysteine enzymes in lipid and cell wall metabolism as putative targets of these CyC compounds. These targets included members of the antigen 85 (Ag85) complex (<i>i.e.</i> Ag85A, Ag85B, and Ag85C), responsible for biosynthesis of trehalose dimycolate and mycolylation of arabinogalactan. Herein, we used biochemical and structural approaches to validate the Ag85 complex as a pharmacological target of the CyC analogs. We found that CyC<sub>7β</sub>, CyC<sub>8β</sub>, and CyC<sub>17</sub> bind covalently to the catalytic Ser<sup>124</sup> residue in Ag85C; inhibit mycolyltransferase activity (<i>i.e.</i> the transfer of a fatty acid molecule onto trehalose); and reduce triacylglycerol synthase activity, a property previously attributed to Ag85A. Supporting these results, an X-ray structure of Ag85C in complex with CyC<sub>8β</sub> disclosed that this inhibitor occupies Ag85C's substrate-binding pocket. Importantly, metabolic labeling of <i>M. tuberculosis</i> cultures revealed that the CyC compounds impair both trehalose dimycolate synthesis and mycolylation of arabinogalactan. Overall, our study provides compelling evidence that CyC analogs can inhibit the activity of the Ag85 complex <i>in vitro</i> and in mycobacteria, opening the door to a new strategy for inhibiting Ag85. The high-resolution crystal structure obtained will further guide the rational optimization of new CyC scaffolds with greater specificity and potency against <i>M. tuberculosis</i>.
Bone Engineering by Biomimetic Injectable Hydrogel (2012)

Osteoporosis is a multifactorial bone disease characterized by low bone mineral density (BMD) and deterioration of micro-architecture of cancellous bone leading to bone fragility and risk of fractures. In the current work, a novel tissue engineering strategy was experimented to enhance bone architecture in the risk areas via local injection of a biomimetic/osteoinductive injectable hyaluronan based hydrogel loaded with nano-hydroxyapatite crystals (Hya/HA) with/without bone morphogenetic protein (BMP-2), in distal femur of normal and ovariectomized New Zealand white rabbits. Our results revealed the osteoinductive effect of the Hya/HA composite that enhanced bone density and architecture of the rabbit distal femur.
Single-Crystal-to-Single-Crystal [2 + 2] Photodimerization Involving B←N Coordination with Generation of a Thiophene Host (2020)

We report on B←N coordination to support a single-crystal-to-single-crystal reaction in the solid state. A [2 + 2] photodimerization is achieved with face-to-face π-stacks of monotopic B←N adducts composed of a phenylboronic acid catechol ester and an alkene with a terminal thiophene group. The photoreaction generates a ditopic B-adduct involving a head-to-tail cyclobutane regio- and stereoselectively. The photodimerization is accompanied by an increase in the tetrahedral character of the B atom. The resulting boron enables channel confinement of chloroform upon recrystallization.
Prediction models for dementia and neuropathology in the oldest old: the Vantaa 85+ cohort study (2019)

Differences between predictors for dementia in younger old versus oldest old populations, as well as for dementia versus pathology, should be considered more carefully in future studies.
Purification and characterization of creatinine amidohydrolase of Alcaligenes origin. (1986)

Creatinine amidohydrolase (creatininase) from Alicaligenes sp. nov. was purified to electrophoretic homogeneity by adsorption on diethylaminoethyl-cellulose, affinity chromatography on creatinyl-AH-Sepharose, gel filtration on Sephadex G-200 and hydroxyapatite chromatography. The molcular weight of the enzyme was estimated to be approximately 160000 by gel filtration on Sephadex G-200 and 80000 by sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and the enzyme was assumed to consist of two identical subunits. The enzyme showed maximum activity at pH 7-8 and was stable in the pH range of 8-11.5. The enzyme catalyzed interconversion between creatinine and creatine, and the Km values for creatinine and creatine were 60.9 mM and 162 mM, respectively. Though the enzyme was markedly inactivated by ethylenediamine-tetraacetate (EDTA), N-bromosuccinimide, Zn2+, Cu2+, Ni2+ or Co2+, activation of the enzyme was only observed in the presence of Mn2+. Furthermore, the reactivation of EDTA-treated inactive enzyme was observed on the addition of Mn2+ to the reaction mixture.
Envisioning Possibilities for Innovations in Higher Education Research on Race and Ethnicity (2019)

This article uses the Sankofa principle of going back and getting that which can enable a community to imagine new possibilities. In this article, four waves of current research in race and ethnicity in higher education are offered, as well as some lessons learned from them. These considerations provide the backdrop for imagining how a fifth wave may be ontologically and epistemologically oriented, what themes it might take up, and its possible implications.
High-Polarization-Discriminating Infrared Detection Using a Single Quantum Well Sandwiched in Plasmonic Micro-Cavity (2014)

Polarimetric imaging has proved its value in medical diagnostics, bionics, remote sensing, astronomy, and in many other wide fields. Pixel-level solid monolithically integrated polarimetric imaging photo-detectors are the trend for infrared polarimetric imaging devices. For better polarimetric imaging performance the high polarization discriminating detectors are very much critical. Here we demonstrate the high infrared light polarization resolving capabilities of a quantum well (QW) detector in hybrid structure of single QW and plasmonic micro-cavity that uses QW as an active structure in the near field regime of plasmonic effect enhanced cavity, in which the photoelectric conversion in such a plasmonic micro-cavity has been realized. The detector's extinction ratio reaches 65 at the wavelength of 14.7 μm, about 6 times enhanced in such a type of pixel-level polarization long wave infrared photodetectors. The enhancement mechanism is attributed to artificial plasmonic modulation on optical propagation and distribution in the plasmonic micro-cavities.
Micro-Doppler analysis in ISAR - review and perspectives (2009)

Micro-Doppler analysis concerns the extraction and exploitation of time-varying Doppler frequency shifts produced by mechanical oscillations of a target or target components. Examples of oscillatory motion include mechanical displacements or vibrations of target surfaces, rotations of target components, target spin, precession, or nutation. Such periodic motion modulates the Doppler frequency shift produced by translational motion and manifests itself as localized and time-varying Doppler frequency sidebands. In this paper, we will discuss methods for analyzing, visualizing, and exploiting these micro-Doppler signatures, and present examples of micro-Doppler signatures resulting from both rigid and nonrigid body micro-motion. Appropriate physical motion models will be described and applied to computational electromagnetic tools that generate simulated radar backscattering. Joint time-frequency signal representations will be used to visualize these signatures. We will also discuss challenges, research efforts and our perspectives on the utility of radar micro- Doppler exploitation.
Postmitotic neurons migrate tangentially in the cortical ventricular zone (1997)

Patterns of cell movement play a key role in the establishment of the brain's functional architecture during development. The migration of neuronal progenitor cells has been hypothesized to disperse clonally related cells among different areas of the developing cerebral cortex. To test this model, we explored the migratory patterns of cells in the proliferative zone of the intact cortex of the ferret. After focal injections of DiI, labeled cells migrated in all directions and over long distances within the ventricular and subventricular zones. These cells expressed the neuron-specific marker TuJ1 and did not incorporate BrdU after cumulative labeling. Our results reveal an extensive tangential dispersion of cortical cells mediated predominantly or exclusively by the non-radial migration of postmitotic neurons.
Protection against keratoconjunctivitis shigellosa induced by immunization with outer membrane proteins of Shigella spp (1980)

Active immunization of guinea pigs and rabbits with outer membrane proteins (OMP) isolated from Shigella flexneri 3a and Shigella sonnei phase I protected the animals against keratoconjunctivitis shigellosa induced with the homologous or heterologous strain. Protection was also achieved in rabbits after passive immunization with anti-OMP immune serum. Active immunization with lipopolysaccharide of S. flexneri 3a did not protect rabbits against keratoconjunctivitis shigellosa.
Low-Power High-Contrast Coded Waveform Discrimination at 10 GHz Via Nonlinear Processing (2004)

We demonstrate ultrafast optical code-division multiple-access nonlinear waveform discrimination at 10 GHz with less than 1 mW coupled into a nonlinear periodically poled lithium niobate waveguide and greater than 20-dB contrast ratio between coded and uncoded waveforms. Excellent signal-to-noise is observed at the system receiver, pointing toward the practicability of nonlinear waveform discrimination in a system environment.
A collaborative study of in situ forage protein degradation (1995)

An in situ procedure was used in four collaborative trials to evaluate the variation in estimates of ruminal escape protein among eight laboratories. A standard smooth bromegrass hay was established and evaluated in all four trials, and Trials 3 and 4 also included the standard hay material that was retained on a 75-microns sieve. Polyester bags (10 cm x 20 cm) containing 5 g of sample were soaked in water (39 degrees C) for 20 min and incubated ruminally for 16 h in a bag made of mesh material. Bag rinsing after in situ incubation consisted of a primary phase in which the mesh bags containing sample bags were washed with water (39 degrees C) in 19-L white plastic buckets. Repeated cycles of filling, agitating, and dumping were performed until the rinse water was clear. Secondary rinsing was performed on individual bags by rinsing the exterior with water (39 degrees C) followed by rinsing through the unsealed opening the interior residue to the bottom of the bag for 1 min (Trials 1 and 2). Secondary rinsing for Trials 3 and 4 was the same as for Trial 1, but with only enough water (39 degrees C) and time to rinse the residue to the bag bottom. Mean estimates of escape protein (EP/CP) were: Trial 1, 27.4 +/- 3.08; Trial 2, 30.8 +/- 3.21; Trial 3, 31.1 +/- 3.04 (non-sieved); and Trial 4, 27.7 +/- 3.06 (non-sieved). Reasonable control of error was accomplished by technician training, including the use of a videotape to clarify the procedure.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
American Speech-Language-Hearing Association Clinical Practice Guideline on Aural Rehabilitation for Adults With Hearing Loss (2022)

Given the current state of the evidence, resource considerations, patient acceptability, clinical feasibility, and the overall balance of benefits and harms, ASHA developed several evidence-based recommendations for the provision of AR to adults with hearing loss. Each recommendation is accompanied by a series of key practice points to support its implementation within a person-centered framework.