gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Multimodal analysis of glide-symmetric dielectric/magnetic structures (2023)

In this contribution, we propose the use of the multimodal transfer matrix approach to investigate two-dimensional dielectric and magnetic periodic structures that possess glide symmetries. This method allows for the calculation of the attenuation constant in bandgaps, leaky structures, and material losses. In addition, this method enables a fundamental understanding of the operation of periodic structures. The method is also used to explain the differential response produced by dielectric/magnetic glide symmetries.
First Direct Measurement of the 17F(p,g)18Ne Cross Section (2009)

The rate of the 17 F(p,) 18 Ne reaction is of significant importance in astrophysical events like novae and x-ray bursts. The decay of 17 F is thought to help drive the expansion of the nova envelope, and the 17 F(p,) 18 Ne reaction affects the production of 18 F, a target of gamma-ray astronomy, as well as being an important link in the (,p) reaction chain during the ignition phase of x-ray bursts. A 3 + state in 18 Ne predicted to dominate the rate was found at 599.8 keV using the 17 F(p,p) 17 F reaction [1], but the resonance strength was unknown. For the first time, the 17 F(p,) 18 Ne reaction has been measured directly with the Daresbury Recoil Separator, using a
Matrix metalloproteinase-9 in bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome after lung transplantation (2005)

Bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome (BOS) is a severe complication after lung transplantation (LTX). In a retrospective cohort study 12 stable healthy recipients (non-BOS) and eight patients with BOS were enrolled after LTX and matrix metalloproteinases (MMP)-9, TIMP-1 and cell characteristics in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) samples (n = 145) were analysed. BALs from patients with BOS were further divided according to whether they were obtained before (pre-BOS) or after manifestation of BOS (BOS group). The MMP-9/TIMP-1 ratio was significantly increased in the BOS group compared with non-BOS or pre-BOS; furthermore, the ratio was negatively correlated with forced expiratory volume in one second. In zymography, the active form of MMP-9 was detected predominantly in the BOS group. In addition, zymography showed the banding pattern of neutrophil-derived MMP-9, indicating that polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) were the main source of MMP-9. According to that, MMP-9 was significantly correlated with the number of PMN. In immunocytochemistry, MMP-9 was also associated predominantly with PMN. This is the first study to evaluate the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-9 and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases-1 over time during manifestation of a fibroproliferative lung disease in patients. It demonstrates development of bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome after lung transplantation is associated with an imbalance of matrix metalloproteinases-9/tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase-1 ratio.
Use of Untreated Subsurface Non-Potable Water for Frac Operations (2012)

Abstract Fresh water is being extensively used for fracturing operations to stimulate both gas and oil shale wells. Once used for this purpose, the water is either disposed of, or needs extensive treatment to recondition it for further fracturing operations. Producers in the Horn River Basin have access to a huge underground non-potable aquifer that is deeper than the fresh water zones and shallower than the shale gas wells that require fracture treatment for stimulation. The question is, how to use this water resource to economically fracture stimulate the shale gas wells? Extensive testing on the water quality of the Debolt aquifer indicated that the Debolt water remains stable if kept above the bubble point pressure, but existing positive displacement frac pumps cannot pump this water in its stable and untreated condition. However, a centrifugal pump can pump this water in its stable and untreated condition, but current designs are for 42 MPa maximum operating pressures, which are too low for use in shale well fracturing operations. A newly developed 69 MPa High Pressure Horizontal Pumping System (HPHPS) was designed and tested to provide a pump capable of utilizing raw Debolt water as a fracture fluid. This paper will discuss the use of an HPS (Horizontal Pumping System) pump, designed to provide high pressures of up to 69 MPa, enabling this pump to be used as a High Pressure Horizontal Pumping System (HPHPS) frac pump. This pump was successfully used in the Horn River Basin of North Eastern British Columbia to pump Debolt source water (a saline, sour and gassy aquifer), untreated during fracturing operations in 2010 and again in 2011. Additional testing of this prototype HPHPS frac pump is being conducted during the 2012 frac campaign. This paper will discuss the field operating procedures and performance of this style of pump during this large frac campaign. Usage of an HPHPS frac pump also enables a Pressurized Frac On Demand (PFOD) system to be used to fully exploit the use of this method for water supply to a frac system.
Response Selectivity Is Correlated to Dendritic Structure in Parvalbumin-Expressing Inhibitory Neurons in Visual Cortex (2013)

Inhibitory neurons have been shown to perform a variety of functions within brain circuits, including shaping response functions in target cells. Still, how the properties of specific inhibitory neuron classes relate to their local circuits remains unclear. To better understand the distribution and origins of orientation selectivity in inhibitory neurons expressing the calcium binding protein parvalbumin (PV) in the mouse primary visual cortex, we labeled PV(+) neurons with red fluorescent protein (RFP) and targeted them for cell-attached electrophysiological recordings. PV(+) neurons could be broadly tuned or sharply tuned for orientation but tended to be more broadly tuned than unlabeled neurons on average. The dendritic morphology of PV(+) cells, revealed by intracellular labeling, was strongly correlated with tuning: highly tuned PV(+) neurons had shorter dendrites that branched nearer to the soma and had smaller dendritic fields overall, whereas broadly tuned PV(+) neurons had longer dendrites that branched farther from the soma, producing larger dendritic fields. High-speed two-photon calcium imaging of visual responses showed that the orientation preferences of highly tuned PV(+) neurons resembled the preferred orientations of neighboring cells. These results suggest that the diversity of the local neighborhood and the nature of dendritic sampling may both contribute to the response selectivity of PV(+) neurons.
Alpha-Ketoglutarate Curbs Differentiation and Induces Cell Death in Mesenchymal Stromal Precursors with Mitochondrial Dysfunction (2017)

Increased concentrations of reactive oxygen species (ROS) originating from dysfunctional mitochondria contribute to diverse aging-related degenerative disorders. But so far little is known about the impact of distinct ROS on metabolism and fate of stromal precursor cells. Here, we demonstrate that an increase in superoxide anion radicals due to superoxide dismutase 2 (Sod2) deficiency in stromal precursor cells suppress osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation through fundamental changes in the global metabolite landscape. Our data identify impairment of the pyruvate and l-glutamine metabolism causing toxic accumulation of alpha-ketoglutarate in the Sod2-deficient and intrinsically aged stromal precursor cells as a major cause for their reduced lineage differentiation. Alpha-ketoglutarate accumulation led to enhanced nucleocytoplasmic vacuolation and chromatin condensation-mediated cell death in Sod2-deficient stromal precursor cells as a consequence of DNA damage, Hif-1α instability, and reduced histone H3 (Lys27) acetylation. These findings hold promise for prevention and treatment of mitochondrial disorders commonly associated with aged individuals. Stem Cells 2017;35:1704-1718.
Foveal Curvature and Asymmetry Assessed Using Optical Coherence Tomography (2017)

The foveal contour can be modeled as a sphere with low curve fitting error over a limited distance and capable of detecting subtle foveal contour differences between meridians.
Structural and transport properties of highly Ru-deficient SrRu0.7O3 thin films prepared by molecular beam epitaxy: Comparison with stoichiometric SrRuO3 (2021)

We investigate structural and transport properties of highly Ru-deficient SrRu0.7O3 thin films prepared by molecular beam epitaxy on (001) SrTiO3 substrates. To distinguish the influence of the two types of disorders in the films—Ru vacancies within lattices and disorders near the interface—SrRu0.7O3 thin films with various thicknesses (t = 1–60 nm) were prepared. It was found that the influence of the former dominates the electrical and magnetic properties when t ≥ 5–10 nm while that of the latter does when t ≤ 5–10 nm. Structural characterizations revealed that the crystallinity, in terms of the Sr and O sublattices, of SrRu0.7O3 thin films is as high as that of the ultrahigh-quality SrRuO3 ones. The Curie temperature (TC) analysis elucidated that SrRu0.7O3 (TC ≈ 140 K) is a material distinct from SrRuO3 (TC ≈ 150 K). Despite the large Ru deficiency (∼30%), the SrRu0.7O3 films showed metallic conduction when t ≥ 5 nm. In high-field magnetoresistance measurements, the fascinating phenomenon of Weyl fermion transport was not observed for the SrRu0.7O3 thin films irrespective of thickness, which is in contrast to the stoichiometric SrRuO3 films. The (magneto)transport properties suggest that a picture of carrier scattering due to the Ru vacancies is appropriate for SrRu0.7O3 and also that proper stoichiometry control is a prerequisite to utilizing the full potential of SrRuO3 as a magnetic Weyl semimetal and two-dimensional spin-polarized system. Nevertheless, the large tolerance in Ru composition (∼30%) to metallic conduction is advantageous for some practical applications where SrRu1−xO3 is used as an epitaxial conducting layer.
Systems Approach to Identifying Relevant Pathways from Phenotype Information in Dose-Dependent Time Series Microarray Data (2011)

This study presents a novel computational approach to find relevant pathways from dose-dependent time series gene expression data which are significantly associated with a phenotype pattern pathological patterns in the comprehensive evaluation of database of pathways. Our system uses four steps: 1) identify a set of genes which change significantly in dose or time; 2) find phenotype patterns and gene coefficients for the genes found in step 1; 3) expand to genome-wide coefficients, and 4) identify pathways which are significantly relevant to a phenotype pattern. Our technique finds biologically relevant pathways with and without phenotype-constraints. Our system has been used on genome-wide expression profiles of mouse lungs (n=160) following aspiration of well dispersed multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT), in order to detect MWCNT-induced lung inflammation and related pathways. The identified significant pathways are supported by evidence in the literature and biological validation.
Associations of education with cardiovascular risk factors in young adults: the Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study (1999)

The least educated young adults have adopted a more adverse lifestyle than the more educated. The risk factor profile in young adulthood, especially in females, is still affected by parental education. The influences of one's own and parental educational level on vascular risk profile should be taken into consideration when planning public health campaigns among young adults.
Modeling Point Excited Plates Using an Energy Finite Element Method (2004)

This paper describes how statistical energy analysis (SEA) is one method that is commonly used for high frequency analysis of complex systems. In the derivation of SEA, it is assumed that the system consists of lightly damped, lightly coupled mode groups that transfer energy between coupled structures. The paper shows how SEA is effective and useful for cases where these assumptions are not violated. However, continuous systems exhibiting moderate coupling or spatial response decay due to damping should not be modeled using SEA. A second method, energy flow analysis (EFA) has been proposed to predict the response of systems for cases of moderate damping and coupling. The practicality of EFA based on a model of lossy plane wave decay has been questioned in past work. The development and validation of a modeling approach using a lossy plane wave energy finite element method (EFEM) that is applicable to the point excited plate is proposed and validated in this paper.
Detection of Interaction Involving Identified Genes: Available Study Designs (1999)

Advances in molecular genetic techniques have led to an increased ability to examine gene-environment interactions. Studies to detect gene-environment interactions are motivated by different situations, including 1) most identified cancer genes having associated lifetime risks less than 100% (i.e., incomplete penetrance), 2) hereditary factors that control the metabolism of carcinogens that may modulate risk of disease as hypothesized in pharmacogenetics, and 3) inconsistent associations across studies between a cancer and a suspected risk factor. The above situations and others have led to increased study of interaction between genetic and environmental factors. Less studied so far, but with increased potential for the future, is interaction between identified genes. Gene-gene interaction studies would also be motivated by the situations described above. Approaches to detect gene-environment and gene-gene interactions are reviewed. Available risk estimates, required types of subjects, and feasibility of the proposed study designs are discussed; efficiency and power for interaction assessment are summarized where available. In general, most designs allow for estimating risk associated with a genetic factor, environmental factor, and interaction effect. Although power and efficiency for detecting interactions have been assessed for specific situations in some of the methods, further investigations are needed to define the efficiency spectra of each design.
Non-shivering thermogenesis is differentially regulated during the hibernation season in Arctic ground squirrels (2023)

Arctic ground squirrels are small mammals that experience physiological extremes during the hibernation season. Body temperature rises from 1°C to 40°C during interbout arousal and requires tight thermoregulation to maintain rheostasis. Tissues from wild-caught Arctic ground squirrels were sampled over 9 months to assess the expression of proteins key to thermogenic regulation. Animals were sacrificed while aroused, and the extensor digitorum longus, diaphragm, brown adipose tissue, and white adipose tissue were probed using Western blots to assess protein expression and blood was sampled for metabolite analysis. Significant seasonal expression patterns emerged showing differential regulation. Contrary to our prediction, white adipose tissue showed no expression of uncoupling protein 1, but utilization of uncoupling protein 1 peaked in brown adipose tissue during the winter months and began to taper after terminal arousal in the spring. The opposite was true for muscular non-shivering thermogenesis. Sarco/endoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase 1a and 2a expressions were depressed during the late hibernation season and rebounded after terminal arousal in diaphragm tissues, but only SERCA2a was differentially expressed in the extensor digitorum longus. The uncoupler, sarcolipin, was only detected in diaphragm samples and had a decreased expression during hibernation. The differential timing of these non-shivering pathways indicated distinct functions in maintaining thermogenesis which may depend on burrow temperature, availability of endogenous resources, and other seasonal activity demands on these tissues. These results could be impacted by fiber type makeup of the muscles collected, the body weight of the animal, and the date of entrance or exit from hibernation.
Extending software change impact analysis into COTS components (2004)

As software components and middleware occupy more and more of the software engineering landscape, interoperability relationships point to increasingly relevant software change impacts. Packaged software now represents over thirty-two percent of the software in most organizations. While traceability and dependency analysis frameworks have effectively supported software impact analysis in the past, they do not adequately addressed this trend. As software systems grow in size and complexity, their dependency webs of information also extend beyond most software engineers ability to comprehend them. We examine research for extending current software change impact analysis to incorporate interoperability dependency relationships for addressing distributed applications and explores three dimensional (3D) visualization techniques for more effective navigation of software changes.
Vagal modulation of respiratory muscle activity in awake dogs during exercise and hypercapnia (1992)

Using chronically instrumented awake tracheotomized dogs, we examined the contributions of vagal feedback to respiratory muscle activities, both electrical and mechanical, during normoxic hypercapnia (inspired CO2 fraction = 0.03, 0.04, 0.05, and 0.06) and during mild treadmill exercise (3, 4.3, and 6.4 km/h). Cooling exteriorized vagal loops eliminated both phasic and tonic mechanoreceptor input during either of these hyperpneas. At a given chemical or locomotor stimulus, vagal cooling caused a further increase in costal, crural, parasternal, and rib cage expiratory (triangularis sterni) muscles. No further change in abdominal expiratory muscle activity occurred secondary to vagal cooling during these hyperpneas. However, removal of mechanoreceptor input during hypercapnia was not associated with consistent changes in end-expiratory lung volume, as measured by the He-N2 rebreathe technique. We conclude that during these hyperpneas 1) vagal input is not essential for augmentation of expiratory muscle activity and 2) decrements in abdominal expiratory muscle activity may be offset by increments in rib cage expiratory muscle activity and contribute to the regulation of end-expiratory lung volume.
Minimizing dc drift in LiNbO3 waveguide devices (1985)

Improved stability against electrical dc bias drift has been demonstrated in LiNbO3 electro-optic modulators by replacing the commonly used SiO2 buffer layer with indium tin oxide (ITO), a transparent conductor. The long term drift of the modulators having an ITO buffer layer with a sheet resistivity of ∼20 Ω/⧠ is less than 0.3% in 8 h. The mechanism of the dc drift phenomenon is discussed using an electrical equivalent circuit model of the modulator.
Polyurethane fan-out channel waveguide array for high-resolution optical waveguide imaging (1979)

A channel waveguide array formed in a fan-out pattern is introduced as a means of enhancing optical waveguide focal plane resolution in integrated optical devices utilizing optical waveguide lenses. High optical resolution is obtained by having light propagating in a thin-film slab waveguide incident on a high-density array of channel waveguides. The width and spacing of these channel waveguides then taper to larger values in a fan-out pattern, eventually terminating at elements of a detector array. High spatial resolution can thus be obtained without making detector spacings too small. This avoids detector problems with regard to fabrication, cross talk, linearity and charge transfer efficiency. To fabricate the fan-out channel waveguide array, a new differential heating and photoresist lift-off process is presented which allows high resolution patterns to be reproducibly formed in polyurethane. Propagation of light from a HeNe laser in these fan-out channel waveguide arrays is demonstrated with only a small amount of scattering. Low scattering is consistent with the smooth channel waveguide surfaces apparent in scanning electron microscope pictures presented.
Interactive Segmentation of Glioblastoma for Post-surgical Treatment Follow-up (2018)

In this paper, we present a novel framework for interactive segmentation of glioblastoma in contrast-enhanced T1-weighted magnetic resonance images. U-net based-fully convolutional network is combined with an interactive refinement technique. Initial segmentation of brain tumor is performed using U-net, and the result is further improved by including complex foreground regions or removing background regions in an iterative manner. The method is evaluated on a research database containing post-operative glioblastoma of 15 patients. Radiologists can refine initial segmentation results in about 90 seconds, which is well below the time of interactive segmentation from scratch using state-of-the-art interactive segmentation tools. The experiments revealed that the segmentation results (Dice score) before and after the interaction step (performed by expert users) are similar. This is most likely due to the limited information in the contrast-enhanced T1-weighted magnetic resonance images used for evaluation. The proposed method is computationally fast and efficient, and could be useful for post-surgical treatment follow-up.
Encapsulation of betamethasone-HP-gCD complex in deformable liposomes (2007)

METHODS Betamethasone-HPγCD complex solution was prepared in the presence of 10 mM CD concentration. Deformable liposomes were prepared by the classical film evaporation method and were sequentially extruded through polycarbonate membranes of 0.4 μm and 0.2 μm pore size. Liposomes contain soya phosphatidylcholine and span 80® or sodium deoxycholate at 13.3 % m/m concentration. For the encapsulation of the betamethasone inclusion complex, the complex solution was used to hydrate the lipid film. Non encapsulated inclusion complex was eliminated by ultracentrifugation. Deformability of liposomes was evaluated by the extrusion method or by EPR spectroscopy. The in vitro diffusion across a 800 nm polycarbonate membrane was evaluated using Franz diffusion cells. The betamethasone released was evaluated by HPLC while SPC was evaluated by an enzymatic colorimetric method.
Frequent administration of angiogenesis inhibitor TNP-470 (AGM-1470) at an optimal biological dose inhibits tumor growth and metastasis of metastatic human transitional cell carcinoma in the urinary bladder. (2002)

Frequent administration of TNP-470 at an optimal biological dose provided maximal antitumor and antimetastatic effects of human TCC of the urinary bladder. It may function by down-regulating angiogenic factors.
Large Scale Inversion using a Discontinuous Galerkin Method for Geophysics. (2011)

Abstract not provided.
Prototypical Biological Signals (2007)

In this paper we present a mechanism to construct prototypes of biological activity by robustly aggregating multiple noise-corrupted and time-warped observations of patient data. This allows for a compact representation of clinical activity while improving the quality of information. Our prototype construction relies on morphology-based sequence-alignment to relate activity across a set of observations and hierarchical aggregation techniques to merge information across signals in an efficient bottom-up manner. The resulting prototype represents an averaged representation of the original observations along both the time and amplitude axes. When applied to synthetic ECG, the use of prototypes was able to reconstruct the original signal with an error of less than 6% from data corrupted with unit signal-to-noise ratio and time-warping corresponding to rate variations of 5 beats per minute. In a different experiment on a set of acoustic cardiac recordings, the use of prototypes was also able to highlight differences in patients with and without mitral regurgitation.