gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Biosynthetic Studies on the α-Glucosidase Inhibitor Acarbose in Actinoplanes sp.:  2-epi-5-epi-Valiolone Is the Direct Precursor of the Valienamine Moiety (1999)

The biosynthetic pathway leading to the mC7N cyclitol (valienamine) moiety of acarbose (1) in Actinoplanes sp. strain SN 223/29 has been studied using 3H-, 2H-, and 13C-labeled cyclitols. These precursors were synthesized from d-glucose or d-mannose as starting materials. The feeding experiments demonstrated that cyclitols having the same stereochemistry at C-2 as the valienamine moiety of acarbose; i.e., valienone, valienamine, valiolone, valiolamine, and 1-epi-valienol, were not incorporated and thus are not plausible intermediates in 1 biosynthesis. 2-epi-Valiolone (10b), which has the same stereochemistry as the presumed open-chain precursor, sedoheptulose 7-phosphate, was also not incorporated. However, its C-5 epimer (10a) was incorporated efficiently and specifically into the valienamine moiety of 1. Surprisingly, the dehydrated form of 2-epi-5-epi-valiolone, 2-epi-valienone, was not incorporated. This suggests that 2-epi-5-epi-valiolone must be converted directly into the pseudodisaccharide moiety of acarbose without the intervention of other free cyclitol intermediates. This may occur by linkage to the amino group of TDP-4-amino-4,6-dideoxyglucose to form the imine, epimerization at C-2 to the correct stereochemistry, dehydration between C-5 and C-6 aided by enamine formation, and finally reduction to the amine. It is proposed that these reaction steps all take place on a single enzyme without free intermediates. Alternative mechanistic possibilities are also discussed.
Publisher Correction: Organosilicon uptake by biological membranes (2021)

Correction to: Communications Biology https://doi.org/10.1038/s42003-021-02155-5, published online 9 June 2021.<br/><br/>In the original version of this Article, the legends to Figures 1, 2, 3, and 4 were inadvertently swapped. This has now been corrected in the PDF and HTML versions of the Article.
Profiling of the muscle-specific dystroglycan interactome reveals the role of Hippo signaling in muscular dystrophy and age-dependent muscle atrophy (2020)

The results presented in this study provide a new list of muscle-specific Dg interactors, further analysis of which could aid not only in the diagnosis of muscular dystrophies, but also in the development of new therapeutics. To regulate muscle fitness during aging and disease, Dg associates with Kibra and Yorkie and acts as a transmembrane Hippo signaling receptor that transmits extracellular information to intracellular signaling cascades, regulating muscle gene expression.
Modelling the time-dependent transmission rate for porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) in pigs using data from serial transmission experiments (2008)

Six successive transmission trials were carried out from 4 to 39 days post inoculation (DPI) to determine the features of the infectious period for PCV2-infected pigs. The infectiousness of inoculated pigs, assessed from the frequency of occurrence of infected pigs in susceptible groups in each contact trial, increased from 4 to 18 DPI (0, 7 and 8 infected pigs at 4, 11 and 18 DPI, respectively) and then decreased slowly until 39 days post infection (4, 2 and 1 pigs infected at 25, 32 and 39 DPI, respectively). The estimated time-dependent infectiousness was fitted to three unimodal function shapes (gamma, Weibull and lognormal) for comparison. The absence of infected pigs at 4 DPI revealed a latency period between 4 and 10 DPI. A sensitivity analysis was performed to test whether the parametric shape of the transmission function influenced the estimations. The estimated time-dependent transmission rate was implemented in a deterministic SEIR model and validated by comparing the model prediction with external data. The lognormal-like function shape evidenced the best quality of fit, leading to a latency period of 8 days, an estimated basic reproduction ratio of 5.9 [1.8,10.1] and a mean disease generation time of 18.4 days [18.2, 18.5].
A Genomic Sample Sequence of the Entomopathogenic Bacterium Photorhabdus luminescens W14: Potential Implications for Virulence (2000)

Photorhabdus luminescens is a pathogenic bacterium that lives in the guts of insect-pathogenic nematodes. After invasion of an insect host by a nematode, bacteria are released from the nematode gut and help kill the insect, in which both the bacteria and the nematodes subsequently replicate. However, the bacterial virulence factors associated with this "symbiosis of pathogens" remain largely obscure. In order to identify genes encoding potential virulence factors, we performed approximately 2,000 random sequencing reads from a P. luminescens W14 genomic library. We then compared the sequences obtained to sequences in existing gene databases and to the Escherichia coli K-12 genome sequence. Here we describe the different classes of potential virulence factors found. These factors include genes that putatively encode Tc insecticidal toxin complexes, Rtx-like toxins, proteases and lipases, colicin and pyocins, and various antibiotics. They also include a diverse array of secretion (e.g., type III), iron uptake, and lipopolysaccharide production systems. We speculate on the potential functions of each of these gene classes in insect infection and also examine the extent to which the invertebrate pathogen P. luminescens shares potential antivertebrate virulence factors. The implications for understanding both the biology of this insect pathogen and links between the evolution of vertebrate virulence factors and the evolution of invertebrate virulence factors are discussed.
Adaptive control of delayed integrating systems: a pvc batch reactor (2003)

Batch processes are a real challenge for conventional proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controllers. PID tuning can be extremely difficult due to the reduced stability margins. An industrial indirect adaptive control scheme was developed and applied to more than two dozen processes with an integrating time delay characteristic. Among these a polyvinyl chloride (PVC) batch reactor was chosen to illustrate the performance of the proposed method. The scheme, which uses identification based on Laguerre functions and predictive control, allows easy automation of batch reactors. This control strategy resulted in an improved batch consistency, reduced cycle times, and increased productivity.
Analysis of polymorphisms in the promoter region and protein levels of interleukin-6 gene among gout patients. (2009)

Those with gout disease have greater proportions of high IL-6 levels in plasma than controls, and there is no significant association between the four polymorphisms in the promoter region of IL-6 gene and gout disease.
Assessment of trade-off between resist resolution and sensitivity for optimization of hyper-NA immersion lithography (2007)

The resist blur due to photoacid diffusion is a significant issue for 45-nm half-pitch node and beyond. Furthermore, it has been generally recognized that there is a trade-off between resist resolution and sensitivity. In this paper, we study the influence of the resist blur on resolution and sensitivity in hyper-numerical aperture ArF immersion lithography by utilizing a two-beam interferometric exposure tool. We evaluated the current photoresist performance for some of the latest commercial resists, and estimated their acid diffusion lengths as 8 to 9 nm in sigma assuming Gaussian blur kernel. In addition, we found that the acid diffusion length, that is, the resist resolution was controllable by PAG anion size, polymer resin size, and PEB temperature. We also found that there was the trade-off between resist resolution and sensitivity. Our results indicated that the resist blur is still a concern in order to extend ArF lithography for 45-nm half-pitch node and beyond, however, it will not likely be a showstopper. We consider that total optimization of resists and exposure tools is important in order to achieve ultimate resolution in hyper-NA immersion lithography.
Enhancing and Quenching of Intrinsic Luminescence and Characteristic Features of Calcium Tungstate Phosphorescence in the Presence of Lanthanides (1983)

Enhancing and Quenching of Intrinsic Luminescence and Characteristic Features of Calcium Tungstate Phosphorescence in the Presence of Lanthanides was published in Volume 77, Number 1 May 16 on page 375.
<title>Use of alpha-stable self-similar stochastic processes for modeling traffic in broadband networks</title> (1998)

A novel model for simulating aggregate network traffic is proposed. Our model, besides reflecting self-similarity and long-range dependence, it is able to capture the appropriate level of burstiness of different types of traffic by selecting the proper parameters. Different types of self- similar traffic traces are analyzed by estimating their self-similarity coefficient H, as well as the parameters of their marginal distributions. When comparing the real traces with our artificial traces, the agreement, which was evaluated both qualitatively and quantitatively, is better than the achieved with previously proposed models. By analyzing different types of traffic traces, the model is shown to be flexible enough to be applied to simulate a variety of communications scenarios. A queue with our proposed traffic as input is analyzed. A proof of convergence of aggregate traffic to alpha-stable processes is also included, as well as the conditions under which the Gaussian assumption is appropriate.
Geometric Invariants for Fusion Categories (2015)

The problem of determining gauge and monoidal equivalence classes of fusion categories is considered from the perspective of geometric invariant theory. It is shown that the gauge (or monoidal) class of a fusion category is determined by the evaluation of a finite set of gauge (or monoidal) invariant functions. In the multiplicity free case this leads to a fast algorithm for computing a classifying set of functions.
Visual attention in infant monkeys: Effects of dietary fatty acids and age. (1997)

Effects of dietary essential fatty acids on visual attention were explored longitudinally in infant rhesus monkeys with a visual paired-comparison paradigm. Sets of primate faces and of patterns were presented at Weeks 2, 5, 9, and 13 to 9 infants deficient in omega-3 fatty acids and 8 fed a standard nursery diet. Familiarization to 1 member of each pair preceded simultaneous presentation of both stimuli. Infants fed the deficient diet showed longer individual looks in both immediate and 24-hr tests. Duration of looks decreased with age to familiar but not to novel stimuli. The proportion of time looking at the novel stimulus (% novel) increased with age but was not affected by diet. Look duration and % novel were differentially affected and may reflect different underlying processes.
Factorized Distillation: Training Holistic Person Re-identification Model by Distilling an Ensemble of Partial ReID Models (2018)

Person re-identification (ReID) is aimed at identifying the same person across videos captured from different cameras. In the view that networks extracting global features using ordinary network architectures are difficult to extract local features due to their weak attention mechanisms, researchers have proposed a lot of elaborately designed ReID networks, while greatly improving the accuracy, the model size and the feature extraction latency are also soaring. We argue that a relatively compact ordinary network extracting globally pooled features has the capability to extract discriminative local features and can achieve state-of-the-art precision if only the model's parameters are properly learnt. In order to reduce the difficulty in learning hard identity labels, we propose a novel knowledge distillation method: Factorized Distillation, which factorizes both feature maps and retrieval features of holistic ReID network to mimic representations of multiple partial ReID models, thus transferring the knowledge from partial ReID models to the holistic network. Experiments show that the performance of model trained with the proposed method can outperform state-of-the-art with relatively few network parameters.
Domain Structure Analysis Using Magnetic Force Microscopy (MFM) in Sm2Fe17N3 Fine Particle (2-3 .MU.m) Reacted with Zn Metal. (I). (2003)

The domain wall motion in the multi-domain particles in Sm2Fe17N3(SFN)powder reacted with Zn metal samples was studied.In the samples, 2 wt.% of SFN particles were homogeneously, isotropically distributed in Zn metal powder, and pressed under 20 MPa, followed by heat-treatment at various temperatures. The saturable multi-domain particles (SMDP) in the sample powders were magnetized into the single-domain state after the pulse magnetization in 5 T. The magnetization reversal in SMDP after magnetization became difficult in the heat-treated samples. The reversal behavior, which can be detected by susceptibility measurements, should be the origin of the enhancement of coercivity. For example, the coercivity (μoH) is about 0.4 T larger in the 623 K treated sample than that of the untreated sample. The direct observation of the domain structures before and after the magnetization in untreated SMDP was also curried out using magnetic force microscopy (MFM).
Telomere length is independently associated with all-cause mortality in chronic heart failure (2021)

In patients with heart failure, shorter mean LTL is independently associated with all-cause mortality.
Characterization of Acute and Chronic Neuropathies Induced by Oxaliplatin in Mice and Differential Effects of a Novel Mitochondria-targeted Antioxidant on the Neuropathies (2013)

This model of oxaliplatin-induced neuropathy mimicked patients' conditions. SS-31 has potentials to prevent both acute and chronic neuropathies but is only helpful in treatment of acute neuropathy. (Anesthesiology 2014; 120:459-73).
Expanded dataset of mechanical properties and observed phases of multi-principal element alloys (2020)

This data article presents a compilation of mechanical properties of 630 multi-principal element alloys (MPEAs). Built upon recently published MPEA databases, this article includes updated records from previous reviews (with minor error corrections) along with new data from articles that were published since 2019. The extracted properties include reported composition, processing method, microstructure, density, hardness, yield strength, ultimate tensile strength (or maximum compression strength), elongation (or maximum compression strain), and Young's modulus. Additionally, descriptors (e.g. grain size) not included in previous reviews were also extracted for articles that reported them. The database is hosted and continually updated on an open data platform, Citrination. To promote interpretation, some data are graphically presented.
Advanced photonic vortex flowmeter with interferometer sensor for measurement of wide dynamic range of medium velocity at high temperature and high pressure (2014)

The paper presents a new solution of flowmeter to measure the flowing medium velocity using fiber sensing methods. A Mach-Zehnder interferometer is implemented for the detection of vortices [1] [2]. The measurement of flow is based on the vortex frequency detection of a vibrating diaphragm placed in an optimized measuring chamber. The stress of the vibrating diaphragm is measured with use of a Mach-Zehnder (MZ) fiber interferometer whose fiber arms are fixed with the diaphragm. This solution allows for measuring flow of liquids, gases and vapors in the temperature range of -200&deg;C to +550&deg;C and pressures up to 300 bar.
TRANSCRIPTION ACTIVATOR-LIKE EFFECTOR NUCLEASE-Mediated Generation and Metabolic Analysis of Camalexin-Deficient cyp71a12 cyp71a13 Double Knockout Lines (2015)

In Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), a number of defense-related metabolites are synthesized via indole-3-acetonitrile (IAN), including camalexin and indole-3-carboxylic acid (ICOOH) derivatives. Cytochrome P450 71A13 (CYP71A13) is a key enzyme for camalexin biosynthesis and catalyzes the conversion of indole-3-acetaldoxime (IAOx) to IAN. The CYP71A13 gene is located in tandem with its close homolog CYP71A12, also encoding an IAOx dehydratase. However, for CYP71A12, indole-3-carbaldehyde and cyanide were identified as major reaction products. To clarify CYP71A12 function in vivo and to better understand IAN metabolism, we generated two cyp71a12 cyp71a13 double knockout mutant lines. CYP71A12-specific transcription activator-like effector nucleases were introduced into the cyp71a13 background, and very efficient somatic mutagenesis was achieved. We observed stable transmission of the cyp71a12 mutation to the following generations, which is a major challenge for targeted mutagenesis in Arabidopsis. In contrast to cyp71a13 plants, in which camalexin accumulation is partially reduced, double mutants synthesized only traces of camalexin, demonstrating that CYP71A12 contributes to camalexin biosynthesis in leaf tissue. A major role of CYP71A12 was identified for the inducible biosynthesis of ICOOH. Specifically, the ICOOH methyl ester was reduced to 12% of the wild-type level in AgNO3-challenged cyp71a12 leaves. In contrast, indole-3-carbaldehyde derivatives apparently are synthesized via alternative pathways, such as the degradation of indole glucosinolates. Based on these results, we present a model for this surprisingly complex metabolic network with multiple IAN sources and channeling of IAOx-derived IAN into camalexin biosynthesis. In conclusion, transcription activator-like effector nuclease-mediated mutation is a powerful tool for functional analysis of tandem genes in secondary metabolism.
Dynamics of vortex defect formation in two-dimensional Coulomb crystals (2022)

We study the nonequilibrium dynamics of two-dimensional planar ion Coulomb crystals undergoing a structural buckling transition to a three-plane configuration, driven by a reduction of the transverse confining frequency. This phase transition can be theoretically modeled using a mapping to a two-dimensional Ginzburg-Landau theory with a complex order parameter field. We demonstrate that finite rate quenches result in the creation of stable topological vortices, which are localized point regions around which the phase of the order parameter field winds a multiple of $2\ensuremath{\pi}$. The density of the defects as a function of quench rate is investigated using molecular dynamics simulations, and its scaling is shown to be consistent with Kibble-Zurek theory of defect formation. Following the quench, the annihilation of vortex and antivortex pairs results in the relaxation of defect density that follows a diffusive scaling with a logarithmic correction. This paper highlights the potential for investigating complex nonequilibrium statistical physics of topological defects in an experimentally accessible ion trap setting.
Detection of linear trends in process mean (2005)

In this paper, we develop a process control approach to detect linear trends in the process mean. A statistic based on the deviation between the target mean and the expected mean of the process is used in the development of the new approach. The statistic is shown to have a chi-square distribution. The approach is described and its performance is compared with cumulative sum (CUSUM), exponentially weighted moving average (EWMA), Shewhart, and generalized likelihood ratio (GLR) charts in detecting linear trends in the process mean. The results indicate that proposed approach is effective in detecting small to large trends. We also investigate the run length properties of the proposed approach under linear trends and compare its values with simulation results. Finally, we analyse the performance of the proposed approach in detecting the time when a drift occurs in the process and compare it with CUSUM and EWMA estimators. The results show that the proposed approach is more effective in detecting drift time for moderate and large trends.
Critical behaviour of electric failure thresholds in percolation (1987)

In this comment we show that the scaling behaviour of the failure threshold of a random lattice whose individual éléments have a rupture threshold will be différent for the mechanical and electrical problems in percolation conditions. This is due to the fact that only torques and angular distortions are effective in bringing about rupture in the mechanical case.
Joint Source-Channel Coding With Time-Varying Channel and Side-Information (2015)

Transmission of a Gaussian source over a time-varying Gaussian channel is studied in the presence of time-varying correlated side information at the receiver. A block fading model is considered for both the channel and the side information, whose states are assumed to be known only at the receiver. The optimality of separate source and channel coding in terms of average end-to-end distortion is shown when the channel is static, while the side information state follows a discrete or a continuous and quasiconcave distribution. When both the channel and side information states are time-varying, separate source and channel coding is suboptimal in general. A partially informed encoder lower bound is studied by providing the channel state information to the encoder. Several achievable transmission schemes are proposed based on uncoded transmission, separate source and channel coding, joint decoding, and hybrid digital-analog transmission. Uncoded transmission is shown to be optimal for a class of continuous and quasiconcave side information state distributions, while the channel gain may have an arbitrary distribution. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first example, in which the uncoded transmission achieves the optimal performance thanks to the time-varying nature of the states, while it is suboptimal in the static version of the same problem. Then, the optimal distortion exponent, which quantifies the exponential decay rate of the expected distortion in the high SNR regime, is characterized for Nakagami distributed channel and side information states, and it is shown to be achieved by hybrid digital-analog and joint decoding schemes in certain cases, illustrating the suboptimality of pure digital or analog transmission in general.
ChemInform Abstract: WITTIG REACTIONS OF ARSABENZALDEHYDE TO GIVE 4‐VINYLARSABENZENES (1977)

Abstract Die Phosphinalkylene (II) reagieren mit dem Aldehyd (I) in siedendem Tetrahydrofuran zu den Verbindungen (III).
Acoustic Emission in Lead Lanthanum Zirconate Titanate PLZT (18/40/60) Ceramics with Small Electrostriction (1997)

Electric field induced acoustic emission (AE) was studied in electrostrictive lead lanthanum zirconate titanate (PLZT) (18/40/60) ceramics, which has a field induced strain of 0.02% at an electric field of 20 kV/cm. A field induced AE was constantly observed for an applied field greater than 10 kV/cm. Furthermore, the AE was present even when the applied field was being decreased. The critical electric field above which AE was generated was determined. The total AE event count simply increased with time under constant electric fields, and the AE event rate increased with increasing the applied electric field.
Charge-tagged N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHC): Direct transfer from ionic liquid solutions and long-lived nature in the gas phase (2017)

Negatively charge-tagged N-heterocyclic carbenes have been formed in solution via deprotonation of imidazolium ions bearing acid side groups and transferred to the gas phase via ESI(-)-MS. The structure of the putative and apparently stable gaseous carbenes formed in such conditions were then probed via reactions with carbon dioxide using a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer particularly optimized for ion/molecule reactions of ESI-generated ions. Complete conversion to imidazolium carboxylates was achieved, which seems to demonstrate the efficiency of the transfer, the gas-phase stability, and the long-lived nature of these unprecedented charge-tagged carbenes and their predominance in the ionic population. Comprehensive studies on the intrinsic reactivity of N-heterocyclic carbenes with silent charge tags are therefore possible. Graphical Abstract ᅟ.