gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Cement Systems For Permafrost (1971)

Abstract Cementing of casing in the permafrost in the Arctic regions presents new problems to many operators. Primarily, the cement system must be kept from freezing until after the setting reaction is complete. Different types of systems have been suggested and used to solve this problem. High-alumina cement systems, however, appear to be the most satisfactory at this time. This paper presents data of several systems proposed for permafrost cementing and attempts to point out the merits and disadvantages of each. EARL F. MORRIS is group leader of the Cementing Research and Development Section of the Dowell Division of The Dow Chemical Company Research Laboratory in Tulsa, Oklahoma. Mr. Morris graduated from Kansas State College of Pittsburg in 1953 with a B.S. degree in chemistry. He then worked as technical sales engineer for the Continental Oil Company until 1960, when he joined Dow as a chemist in the Industrial Services Division. He later worked as a chemist in the Dowell cementing laboratory and as a sales engineer for the Dow Secondary Oil Recovery Department. He rejoined Dowell in his present position in 1968. Mr. Morris is a member of AIME and has co-authored many papers on various cementing subjects. D. L. STUDE is a chemist in the Cementing Research and Development Section of The Dow Chemical Company Research Laboratory in Tulsa, Oklahoma. Mr. Stude joined Dowell as a laboratory technician in 1957 after attending the University of Tulsa. He was promoted to his present position in 1967. R. C. CAMERON, area engineer for Dowell of Canada, graduated from the University of Alberta with a B.Sc. in chemistry after spending four years in the Royal Canadian Air Force. Initially, he was employed by Heiland Exploration. Mr. Cameron joined Dowell in 1950 in Edmonton as service engineer, and has worked in various engineering capacities in Western Canada. At present, he is stationed in Edmonton as area engineer responsible for Arctic operations. He is a Member of CIM. PAPER PRESENTED: at the 21st Annual Technical Meeting of the Petroleum Society of CIM, Calgary, May, 1970. Introduction CEMENTING OF PIPE SET THROUGH THE PERMAFROST in Arctic wells introduces new problems. The permafrost section is reported to vary from unconsolidated sands and gravels with ice lenses to some areas of ice-free, consolidated rock. A broad definition of permafrost is that formation from surface to a depth where the temperature is at 32 °F or below. The permafrost temperature may range from 15 °F to 32 °F. Conventional cement systems, commonly used in oil-well cementing, are not satisfactory under these conditions. Conventional cement slurries will freeze, preventing the development of set cement when placed in the low-temperature environment. Operators in the Arctic requested a cement system that could be mixed, pumped and conventionally placed behind the pipe set through the permafrost. The cement should set to adequate compressive and bond strengths sufficient to support the pipe and prevent the circulation of drilling fluids up the annulus as drilling is continued.
High-voltage aqueous battery approaching 3 V using an acidic–alkaline double electrolyte (2013)

Based on an acidic-alkaline double electrolyte, we designed and fabricated a novel Zn/KMnO(4) aqueous cell with a high operating voltage of 2.8 V. The theoretical energy density of this aqueous cell is even compatible with organic electrolyte-based lithium batteries.
IRE1-Dependent Activation of AMPK in Response to Nitric Oxide (2011)

While there can be detrimental consequences of nitric oxide production at pathological concentrations, eukaryotic cells have evolved protective mechanisms to defend themselves against this damage. The unfolded-protein response (UPR), activated by misfolded proteins and oxidative stress, is one adaptive mechanism that is employed to protect cells from stress. Nitric oxide is a potent activator of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), and AMPK participates in the cellular defense against nitric oxide-mediated damage in pancreatic β-cells. In this study, the mechanism of AMPK activation by nitric oxide was explored. The known AMPK kinases LKB1, CaMKK, and TAK1 are not required for the activation of AMPK by nitric oxide. Instead, this activation is dependent on the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-activated protein IRE1. Nitric oxide-induced AMPK phosphorylation and subsequent signaling to AMPK substrates, including Raptor, acetyl coenzyme A carboxylase, and PGC-1α, is attenuated in IRE1α-deficient cells. The endoribonuclease activity of IRE1 appears to be required for AMPK activation in response to nitric oxide. In addition to nitric oxide, stimulation of IRE1 endoribonuclease activity with the flavonol quercetin leads to IRE1-dependent AMPK activation. These findings indicate that the RNase activity of IRE1 participates in AMPK activation and subsequent signaling through multiple AMPK-dependent pathways in response to nitrosative stress.
Dynamic voltage scaling algorithm for fixed-priority real-time systems using work-demand analysis (2003)

Dynamic Voltage Scaling (DVS), which adjusts the clock speed and supply voltage dynamically, is an effective technique in reducing the energy consumption of embedded real-time systems. Unlike dynamic-priority real-time scheduling for which highly effective DVS algorithms are available, existing fixed-priority DVS algorithms are less effective in energy efficiency because they are based on inefficient slack estimation methods. This paper describes an efficient on-line slack estimation heuristic for the rate-monotonic (RM) scheduling. The proposed heuristic estimates the slack times using the short term work-demand analysis. The DVS algorithm based on the proposed heuristic is also presented. Experimental results show that the proposed DVS algorithm reduces the energy consumption by 25 42% over the existing rate-monotonic DVS algorithms.
Current status of animal-to-human transplantation (2005)

The transplantation of animal organs into humans as a way of treating organ failure has been pursued for 100 years. Clinical xenotransplantation, as such, has always failed because the transplanted organ is rejected by the recipient. Recent advances in transplant immunology have revealed some mechanisms underlying the rejection of xenografts, and these discoveries have sparked efforts to use genetic engineering of animals and therapeutics directed at the recipient to overcome this problem. This paper reviews the current understanding of the mechanisms of xenograft rejection and efforts to overcome rejection and other hurdles.
Design and Analysis of a Generalized Dual Fibonacci Converter Using Improved Charge Reusing Techniques (2014)

For energy-harvesting systems utilizing thermoelectric energy, a dual Fibonacci converter using power saving techniques is proposed. Compared with conventional converters, the proposed converter can provide higher output voltages without magnetic components. The output voltage of the proposed converter is expressed by the k -step (2, 3, 4 ...) Fibonacci numbers. Furthermore, a novel control technique is proposed to utilize the energy stored in stray parasitic capacitances effectively. The result of simulation program with integrated circuit emphasis (SPICE) simulations shows that the proposed converter can provide higher output voltages than conventional converters. Furthermore, more than 8.4% of power efficiency is improved by the proposed technique.
Applications of Hybridoma Technology to Autoimmunity * (2019)

The hypothesis that autoimmunization results from disturbances in immunoregulation has, for almost a decade, been widely influential. The search for experimental support of this hypothesis has concentrated on functional assays of helper and suppressor T lymphocytes, and it has attracted considerable attention because immunoregulatory disturbances in a variety of autoimmune diseases have indeed been found. The application of hybridoma technology to studies of monoclonal autoantibodies is a relatively new research development, but in clinical medicine examples of spontaneous monoclonal autoantibodies have been known for over 25 years. The heterogeneous mixtures of autoantibodies present in serum have been subjected to immunochemical and functional analyses, and although these efforts have provided information on the nature of autoantibodies as a whole, technical limitations prevented an understanding of the molecular diversity of the autoantibody repertoire. Studies of spontaneously occurring monoclonal autoantibodies have provided abundant precedents for investigations of hybridoma-produced autoantibodies.
Lymphocyte Activation Gene-3 Expression Defines a Discrete Subset of HIV-Specific CD8 + T Cells That Is Associated with Lower Viral Load (2013)

Mechanisms leading to the observed immune dysregulation in chronic HIV infection are not well understood. The MHC-II class ligand, lymphocyte activation gene-3 (LAG-3, CD223), has been implicated in the complex regulation mechanism of immune functions. In this study, we describe a new population of HIV-specific CD8(+) T cells expressing LAG-3. These LAG-3(+)CD8(+) T cells do not display immunophenotypic patterns traditionally attributed to regulatory T cells. The LAG3(+)CD8(+) T cells are CCR7(+),CD127(-), and display heterogeneous surface expressions of CD45RA and CD25. Interestingly, HIV-specific LAG-3(+)CD8(+) T cells do not substantially express CTLA-4 and LAG-3 expression does not correlate with interleukin (IL)-10 or tumor growth factor (TGF)-β production. In addition, HIV-specific LAG3(+)CD8(+) T cells do not produce interferon (IFN-γ) or express CD107a. The frequency of HIV-specific LAG3(+)CD8(+) T cells negative correlated with plasma viral load. Our study introduces a new population of HIV-specific CD8(+) T cells and proposes additional mechanisms of immune regulation in chronic HIV infection.
Quantitative comparison of presumed-number-density and quadrature moment methods for the parameterisation of drop sedimentation (2014)

In numerical weather prediction models, parameterisations are used as an alternative to spectral modelling. One type of parameterisations are the so-called methods of moments. In the present study, two different methods of moments, a presumed-number-density-function method with finite upper integration limit and a quadrature method, are applied to a one-dimensional test case ('rainshaft') for drop sedimentation. The results are compared with those of a reference spectral model. An error norm is introduced, which is based on several characteristic properties of the drop ensemble relevant to the cloud microphysics context. This error norm makes it possible to carry out a quantitative comparison between the two methods. It turns out that the two moment methods presented constitute an improvement regarding two-moment presumed-numberdensity-function methods from literature for a variety of initial conditions. However, they are excelled by a traditional three-moment presumed-number-density-function method which requires less computational effort. Comparisons of error scores and moment profiles reveal that error scores alone should not be taken for a comparison of parameterisations, since moment profile characteristics can be lost in the integral value of the error norm.
Heterogeneous Spatial Quality for Omnidirectional Video (2018)

A video with heterogeneous spatial quality is a video where some regions of the frame have a different quality than other regions (for instance, a better quality could mean more pixels and less encoding distortion). Such a quality-variable encoding is a key enabler of Virtual Reality application, with 360-degree videos. So far, the main technique that has been proposed to prepare spatially heterogeneous quality is based on the concept of tiling. More recently, Facebook has implemented another approach: the offset projection where more emphasis is put on a specific direction of the frame. In this paper, we study quality-variable 360-degree videos with two main contributions. First, we provide the theoretical analysis of the offset projection and show the impact of the parameter settings on the video quality. Second, we propose another approach which consists in preparing the 360-degree video from a Gaussian pyramid of downscaled and blurred versions of the video. We perform an evaluation of tiling, offset and Gaussian-based approaches in representative scenarios of heterogeneous spatial quality in 360-degree videos and highlight the main trade-off to consider when implementing these approaches.
Rollout-based Game-tree Search Outprunes Traditional Alpha-beta (2012)

Recently, rollout-based planning and search methods have emerged as an alternative to traditional tree-search methods. The fundamental operation in rollout-based tree search is the generation of trajectories in the search tree from root to leaf. Game-playing programs based on Monte-Carlo rollouts methods such as “UCT ” have proven remarkably effective at using information from trajectories to make state-of-the-art decisions at the root. In this paper, we show that trajectories can be used to prune more aggressively than classical alpha-beta search. We modify a rollout-based method, FSSS, to allow for use in game-tree search and show it outprunes alpha-beta both empirically and formally. 1.
Optimum transmission scheme for a MISO wireless system with partial channel knowledge and infinite K factor (2004)

The optimum transmission scheme that maximizes ergodic capacity in a K/spl rarr//spl infin/ regime for 2/spl times/1 MISO systems is studied when the channel knowledge at the transmitter is characterized by a known gain imbalance and a known PDF of the phase shift between antennas. Such a channel scenario can arise in a forward link at the base station when there is a single direct path propagation. We show that the optimum transmit solution is beam-forming on the mean value of the phase shift with unequal power input to the antennas. When the phase is completely unknown, the solution reduces to a single antenna transmission.
An autonomous and low-power instrument platform for monitoring water and solid discharges in mesoscale rivers (2019)

Abstract. We present the development of the RIPLE platform designed for the monitoring at high temporal frequency (~ 10 min) of water discharge, solid fluxes (bedload and suspended load) and properties of fine particles (settling velocity) in mesoscale rivers. This platform responds to a request to continuously measure these variables in rivers using a single, centralized device, and in the most direct way possible. The platform integrates the following instruments: (i) for water discharge: water level and surface velocity radars, digital cameras, echo-sounder; (ii) for fine sediment load: turbidimeters, automatic samplers including the SCAF (sediment settling velocity characterization device), (iii) for bedload: a hydrophone, (iv) for water quality: a conductivity probe and water sampling. As far as water discharge monitoring is concerned, priority has been given to non-intrusive instruments to improve the robustness of the system. All the instruments are driven by a data logger (Campbell® CR6), which stores locally the data and then upload them to a remote server every hour during the day using a 3G modem. SMS (Short Message Service) alerts can be sent depending on scheduled conditions (e.g. low battery voltage, water level threshold, all samples of the automatic sampler collected). The platform has been designed to be as autonomous as possible: it is powered by a battery supplied by a solar panel. Limiting the power consumption of the platform was one of the main technical challenges, because of the quantity of instruments integrated. A simple 100 W solar panel is sufficient to power up the entire platform, even during winter or low insulation conditions. The RIPLE platform has been designed to facilitate its use and maintenance. A user-friendly interface has been developed enabling to visualize the data collected by the platform from an internet connection. It is also possible to remotely configure the platform within this interface, for example to modify water sampling thresholds or alert thresholds. Finally, the platform is relatively easy to move from one site to another site because its installation requires little civil engineering. To date, RIPLE has been tested on two rivers of the Alps in France: the Romanche river in Bourg d'Oisans (45.1158° N, 6.0134° E, 710 m elevation) from September, 2016 to July, 2018 and the Galabre river in La Robine sur Galabre (44.1586° N, 6.2360° E, 680 m elevation) since October, 2018, demonstrating the proper functioning of the platform.
PD-L1-Expressing Radiation-Associated Angiosarcoma after Primary Breast Cancer (2018)

Radiation-associated angiosarcoma (RAAS) is a type of radiation-associated sarcoma (RAS) that develops at the previous field of radiation in breast cancer patients. Although several reports have suggested a poor prognosis for RAAS, the 5-year overall survival of RAAS is better than that of cutaneous angiosarcoma (CAS), suggesting that the prognostic factors of RAAS and CAS might be different, at least in part. In this report, we describe a case of RAAS, and employed immunohistochemical (IHC) staining of PD-L1 and MMP9 as well as periostin, IL-4, and CD163. Interestingly, IHC staining revealed that the RAAS in our case was positive for PD-L1 and negative for MMP9. Moreover, the predominant stromal factor of our case was periostin, suggesting that TAMs in the present case was not immunosuppressive, but an inflammatory subtype. These results might explain, at least in part, the better prognosis of RAAS compared to CAS.
Thin films of the spin ice compound Ho2Ti2O7 (2013)

The pyrochlore compounds Ho2Ti2O7 and Dy2Ti2O7 show an exotic form of magnetism called the spin ice state, resulting from the interplay between geometrical frustration and ferromagnetic coupling. A fascinating feature of this state is the appearance of magnetic monopoles as emergent excitations above the degenerate ground state. Over the past years, strong effort has been devoted to the investigation of these monopoles and other properties of the spin ice state in bulk crystals. A tantalising prospect is to incorporate spin ice materials into devices for spintronics and devices that can manipulate the magnetic monopoles. This would require the availability of spin ice thin films. Here, we report the fabrication of Ho2Ti2O7 thin films using pulsed laser deposition. These films not only show a high crystalline quality, but also exhibit the hallmarks of a spin ice: a pronounced magnetic anisotropy and an intermediate plateau in the magnetisation along the [111] crystal direction.
Future prospects for fMRI in the clinic (2006)

Functional MRI (fMRI) has tremendous clinical potential that is as yet unrealized. There are tremendous unmet medical needs that fMRI could address with significant benefit to human health. However, both medical and technical barriers prevent this benefit from accruing today. Technical barriers may be the reflexive focus of the current practitioners of fMRI, a technically savvy group. However, the real challenge lies in the medical realm, and this will require multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary work since the technical aspects of fMRI are ahead of the medical aspects. This can be seen in a range of diseases from Alzheimer's disease to schizophrenia to ischemic stroke: in each case our ability to image changes with fMRI outstrips our ability to do anything useful for the patient with them. Diagnostic imaging will always be linked in the clinic to therapeutic choices, and therefore the most powerful approach to link fMRI more directly to the clinic will be to tie fMRI to therapy development and implementation.
Figuring of optical aluminium devices by reactive ion beam etching (2019)

Ion beam figuring (IBF) is an established method in high-end surface manufacturing. However, the direct processing of desired materials as standard Al alloys (e.g. Al6061)fails, since the surface roughness increases drastically as a result of inhomogeneous etching due to structural, crystallographic and chemical irregularities inside the material matrix. As an alternative figuring technology reactive ion-beam etching (RIBE) is a promising route. RIBE provides the direct machining of Al alloys while preserving the surface roughness almostin its initial state. The RIBE process with nitrogengasis focused more detailedin this study.
Capsazepine reversal of the antinociceptive action of capsaicin in vivo (1992)

1. This study was designed to investigate the antinociceptive activity of capsaicin in acute and persistent nocifensor behavioural models and to determine whether this was mediated via a specific receptor interaction, by use of the antagonist, capsazepine. 2. Capsaicin administered systemically in low doses produced antinociception in the knee joint hyperalgesia, rat paw pressure, rat and mouse tail flick and mouse hot plate nocifensor models with similar efficacy in all tests. 3. The novel competitive capsaicin antagonist, capsazepine, prevented the capsaicin-induced antinociception when administered systemically in the range 50-100 mumol kg-1. 4. Capsazepine administered by itself had no antinociceptive actions. 5. These data describe a joint hyperalgesic model in the rat which does not rely on extreme nocifensor behavioural endpoints and it is suggested this is a useful model for investigating mechanisms in persistent pain. 6. This is the first demonstration of antagonism by capsazepine of the behavioural antinociceptive properties of capsaicin and provides further evidence that capsaicin acts to reduce nociceptive thresholds via a specific receptor.
Automatic classification of subjects with and without Sleep Apnea through snoring analysis (2007)

A new method for indirect identification of Sleep Apnea patients through snoring characteristics is proposed. The method uses a logistic regression model which is fed with several time and frequency parameters from snores and their variability. The information is contained in all the snores automatically detected in nocturnal sound recordings. In the validation of the model, subjects are classified with a sensitivity higher than 93% and a specificity between 73% and 88% when all detected snores are used. The model can also be adjusted to obtain 100% specificity with a corresponding sensitivity between 70% and 87%. This results are better than previous reported methods based on snoring analysis, but with a single channel, and are comparable to the classification scores of several portable apnea monitors when evaluated on a similar number of patients. This technique is a promising tool for the screening of snorers, allowing snorers with a low Apnea-Hypopnea Index (AHI<10) to avoid a full-night polysomnographic study at the hospital.
Cardiovascular effects of selective COX-2 inhibition: is there a class effect? The International COX-2 Study Group. (2006)

The International COX-2 Study Group, a panel of independent physicians and scientists, convened January 28-30, 2005, in Washington, DC, to discuss the issues concerning the cardiovascular (CV) profile of coxibs. The purpose of the meeting was to review potential mechanisms by which inhibition of COX-2 by selective and nonselective NSAID could increase risk of CV events, to evaluate the similarities and differences between drugs based on mechanism and pharmacology, and to propose potential trial methodology to more definitively answer questions regarding cardiovascular risk.