gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Spatio-temporal motion-based foreground segmentation and shadow suppression (2009)

A relevant problem in computer vision is how to detect and track moving objects from video sequences efficiently. Some algorithms require manual calibration in terms of specification of parameters or some hypotheses. A novel method is developed to extract moving objects through multi-scale wavelet transform across background subtraction. The optimal selection of threshold is automatically determined which does not require any complex supervised training or manual calibration. The proposed approach is efficient in detecting moving objects with low contrast against the background and the detection is less affected by the presence of moving objects in the scene. The developed method combines region connectivity with chromatic consistency to overcome the aperture problem. Ghosts are removed by the proposed background update function, which efficiently prevents undesired corruption of background model and does not consider adaptation coefficient. The mentioned approach is scene-independent and the capacity to extract moving object and suppress cast shadow is high. The developed algorithm is flexible and computationally cost-effective. Experiments show that the proposed approach is robust and efficient in segmenting foreground and suppressing shadow by comparison.
Hyperproinsulinemia and insulin deficiency in the diabetic Psammomys obesus (1994)

Patients with noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus exhibit increased proportions of plasma proinsulin and proinsulin conversion intermediates. We used hyperinsulinemic diabetic and nondiabetic Psammomys obesus to study the possible relationship between steady state pancreatic insulin stores and the proportion of proinsulin-related peptides in the plasma and pancreas. Insulin-like peptides were separated by reverse phase HPLC and identified by pulse-chase experiments. A marked increase in the proportions of proinsulin and proinsulin conversion intermediates in the plasma and pancreas of diabetic nonfasted Psammomys was associated with 90% reduction in insulin stores of the pancreas. After a 16- to 20-h fast, the depletion of pancreatic insulin in the diabetic animals was partially corrected, and the proinsulin/insulin ratio was normalized. In contrast, nondiabetic Psammomys showed only 50% reduction in pancreatic insulin stores under nonfasting conditions, with no change in the proinsulin/insulin ratio. These findings suggest that in the diabetic Psammomys obesus, the pancreatic capacity for storage of insulin may be limited; the metabolic consequences of this limitation are amplified by increased secretory demand secondary to insulin resistance, thus facilitating the establishment of hyperglycemia, which may in itself further exacerbate pancreatic dysfunction.
A centralized energy-aware trust-based routing scheme for wireless sensor networks (2010)

We present a centralized energy-aware trust-based routing scheme for wireless sensor networks. The proposed scheme saves energy and lengthens network lifetime while making the routing protocol more efficient, fairer, and more secure.
Radiotherapy targeting cancer stem cells: current views and future perspectives. (2013)

Increasing evidence suggests that many types of cancers contain a population of cells that display stem cell properties. These cells are called cancer stem cells (CSCs). They are virtually resistant to radiation, and may contribute to treatment resistance and recurrence. Therefore, therapies specifically targeting CSCs will likely be needed for complete tumor eradication. In this article, we review published reports identifying the mechanisms of radioresistance of CSCs, potential markers that predict response to radiotherapy and potential therapies targeting CSCs, when using radiotherapy for treatment. According to the published reports, the main mechanisms of radioresistance of CSCs compared to non-CSCs are self-renewal capacity, DNA-repair capacity and enhanced reactive oxygen species defenses. Many kinds of cancers have several cell-surface markers, such as cluster of differentiation (CD)133 and CD144, and these markers appear to be potential prognostic factors for treatment outcomes. Concerning therapeutic targets for CSCs, several reports have indicated that pathways of self-renewal, the CSC niche and several signal transduction pathways are potential targets for CSCs. Other reports have indicated that several new therapies, such as carbon ion radiotherapy and internal radiotherapy with copper-64-diacetyl-bis (N4-methythiosemicarbazone) ((64)Cu-ATSM), appear to be promising treatments that target CSCs. Further elucidation of pathways that regulate CSCs may provide insights into the identification of other potential therapeutic targets and development of novel innovative therapies.
Genome Sequence of a Recently Emerged, Highly Transmissible, Multi-Antibiotic- and Antiseptic-Resistant Variant of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus , Sequence Type 239 (TW) (2009)

The 3.1-Mb genome of an outbreak methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strain (TW20) contains evidence of recently acquired DNA, including two large regions (635 kb and 127 kb). The strain is resistant to a wide range of antibiotics, antiseptics, and heavy metals due to resistance genes encoded on mobile genetic elements and also mutations in housekeeping genes.
Uniformity of internal linear-type inductively coupled plasma source for flat panel display processing (2008)

The variation in plasma uniformity over an extremely large size inductively coupled plasma (ICP) source of 2750×2350mm2 was examined. An internal linear-type antenna called “double comb-type antenna” was used as the ICP source. A plasma density of ∼1.4×1011∕cm3 could be obtained at 5mTorr Ar by applying 10kW rf power to the source at a frequency of 13.56MHz. An increase in rf power from 1to10kW improved the plasma uniformity over a substrate area of 2300×2000mm2 from 18.1% to 11.4%. The improvement in uniformity of the internal ICP source was attributed to the increase in plasma density near the wall.
Concentration and Distribution of Naphthenic Acids in the Produced Water from Offshore Norwegian North Sea Oilfields (2020)

Naphthenic acids (NAs) constitute one of the toxic components of the produced water (PW) from offshore oil platforms discharged into the marine environment. We employed liquid chromatography (LC) coupled to high-resolution mass spectrometry with electrospray ionization (ESI) in negative mode for the comprehensive chemical characterization and quantification of NAs in PW samples from six different Norwegian offshore oil platforms. In total, we detected 55 unique NA isomer groups, out of the 181 screened homologous groups, across all tested samples. The frequency of detected NAs in the samples varied between 14 and 44 isomer groups. Principal component analysis (PCA) indicated a clear distinction of the PW from the tested platforms based on the distribution of NAs in these samples. The averaged total concentration of NAs varied between 6 and 56 mg L<sup>-1</sup>, among the tested platforms, whereas the concentrations of the individual NA isomer groups ranged between 0.2 and 44 mg L<sup>-1</sup>. Based on both the distribution and the concentration of NAs in the samples, the C<sub>8</sub>H<sub>14</sub>O<sub>2</sub> isomer group appeared to be a reasonable indicator of the presence and the total concentration of NAs in the samples with a Pearson correlation coefficient of 0.89.
Supplementary Figure 2 from A Novel Experimental Heme Oxygenase-1–Targeted Therapy for Hormone-Refractory Prostate Cancer (2023)

Supplementary Figure 2 from A Novel Experimental Heme Oxygenase-1–Targeted Therapy for Hormone-Refractory Prostate Cancer
ChemInform Abstract: STUDIES ON PSYCHOTROPIC AGENTS. III. SYNTHESIS OF 1‐SUBSTITUTED 2‐(2‐(P‐FLUOROBENZOYL)ETHYL)PIPERIDINES AND RELATED COMPOUNDS (1979)

Abstract Auf den skizzierten Reaktionswe‐ gen werden z.B. die Piperidine (IV) und (X) sowie die entsprechenden Tetrahydropyridin‐Derivate (VI) und (XII) synthetisiert.
Expression of granule protein mRNAs in acute promyelocytic leukemia. (1993)

The granule proteins are among the most abundant and characteristic proteins of myeloid cells. They are essential for the antimicrobial activity of these cells and they provide important markers for the differentiation stage of the myeloid series and for the diagnosis of myeloid leukemias. In acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) there is high production of myeloperoxidase, and its cytochemical detection as well as the t(15;17) chromosomal translocation are important markers in the diagnosis of this acute myelogenous disease. The expression of other granule protein genes in APL has not been systematically determined. We have used the reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) method to determine the pattern of expression of granule protein genes at the mRNA level in APL cells. We have examined the expression of the primary granule proteins defensin, myeloperoxidase, elastase, and cathepsin G; the secondary granule proteins lactoferrin, collagenase, and transcobalamin; as well as lysozyme, a protein reportedly found in both primary and secondary granules. mRNAs for all of these granule proteins were present in normal bone marrow mononuclear cells. We found that APL cells from three patients contain, in addition to myeloperoxidase mRNA, mRNAs for elastase, cathepsin G, and lysozyme. One patient had faint but detectable lactoferrin mRNA signal, but collagenase and transcobalamin mRNAs were not detectable in this patient. Defensin mRNA was found in one of the three APL patients, and all the primary granule protein mRNAs measured were found to be expressed in the APL cell line NB4. None of the secondary granule protein mRNAs measured were detectable in NB4 cells. After treatment with retinoic acid (RA), which induces neutrophil maturation of these cells, weak induction of lactoferrin and collagenase but not transcobalamin was observed. However, in view of the weak transcobalamin signal observed in normal bone marrow, the absence of transcobalamin in RA-induced NB4 cells must be interpreted with caution. Interestingly, elastase and cathepsin G mRNA disappeared after RA induction, whereas defensin and myeloperoxidase mRNAs remained present. These findings indicate that granule protein mRNAs are regulated separately and differently, and that only minimal expression of secondary granule protein genes can occur in APL cells.
Grain yield response of corn, soybean, and oat grown in a strip intercropping system (1994)

Abstract Conventional Midwestern U.S. row crop agriculture has created significant environmental problems and made the farm economy reliant on government subsidies. Environmentally friendly and economically profitable alternatives are badly needed. This study addresses production characteristics of strip intercropping, a system that may meet both requirements. Two experiments were conducted in 1989 and 1990: one on a cooperating farmer's field with ridge tillage and the second at a university research farm with conventional tillage. The objective was to evaluate grain yields of different rows in adjoining strips (3.8 or 4.6 m wide) of three crops. Corn, soybean, and oat strips were either inter seeded with nondormant alfalfa or seeded with hairy vetch as a cover crop after oat grain harvest. Outside corn rows had significantly higher yields than center rows in 1990, when plant water stress was low, but under dry conditions in 1989, early season competition for water caused corn to yield less in the row bordering oat than in the row bordering soybean. Comparative soybean yields in border and center rows also depended on rainfall; with adequate water, soybean yield next to the oat strip was greater than or equal to yield in the center of the strip. Oat border rows yielded higher than those in the oat strip center. Timing differences in crop life cycles and water availability seem to influence how these crop species interact, particularly at the border positions. Overall, the strip intercropping system seems a suitable alternative to current practices.
Efficacy of an Experimental Tin-F-Containing Solution in Erosive Tissue Loss in Enamel and Dentine in situ (2009)

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of an experimental tin-containing fluoride solution on erosive tissue loss in human enamel and dentine using a cyclic de- and remineralization model in situ. The study was a three-cell (7 days each) crossover design involving 20 healthy volunteers. Samples were mounted on buccal shields of mandibular mouth appliances and worn for 24 h, except during meals and oral hygiene. Samples were demineralized extraorally with 0.05 M citric acid (pH 2.3) for 6 x 5 min per day. Fluoride treatment was performed intraorally once per day for 30 s after the first demineralization. Three solutions were used: placebo (negative control); NaF solution (positive control, 1,000 mg/kg F, pH 4.5), and an experimental solution (1,900 mg/kg Sn as SnCl(2), 500 mg/kg F as NaF, 500 mg/kg F as amine fluoride, pH 4.5). Tissue loss was determined profilometrically. In enamel, tissue loss was 33.6 +/- 15.4 microm in the negative control group, 24.2 +/- 9.2 microm (p < or = 0.05) in the positive control group and 9.2 +/- 3.4 microm (p < or = 0.001) in the experimental solution group. The respective values for dentine were 47.8 +/- 15.5 microm in the negative control group, 34.1 +/- 9.3 microm (p < or = 0.001) in the positive control group and 23.9 +/- 6.4 microm (p < or = 0.001) in the experimental solution group. The tin-containing solution was very effective in inhibiting erosive mineral in enamel in situ, even under severe conditions and with short application times, but was less effective in dentine.
Beyond structural test, the rising need for system-level test (2018)

The steady march of Moore's Law in semiconductors has enabled the creation of ever more complex systems with electronics playing a central role. As a result, thorough testing of individual components is no longer adequate to ensure overall system performance, quality, and reliability. The rising importance of system-level test (SLT) to supplement traditional component structural test has gained wide recognition recently. To understand this trend, we examine where traditional testing falls short and where SLT fills the gap. In many cases, system failures are the result of complex component interactions leading to abnormal scenarios not attributable to simple and single root causes. Rather than being confined by traditional gate-level fault models, it might be more appropriate to develop a system-level fault model derived as an emergent property of complex systems. New definitions of fault coverage and how to automate high-coverage test generation are obvious challenges in the system domain. Recent developments in design verification which faces similar challenges in dealing with system complexity may offer possible solutions for SLT to draw on. The aim is to stimulate new ideas and directions for future research in system-based testing as upcoming 5G/IoT/AI-based applications penetrate deeper and pervasively into our daily lives.
The Synthesis of Some New Pteridines (1947)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Synthesis of Some New PteridinesGertrude B. Elion and George H. HitchingsCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1947, 69, 10, 2553–2555Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1947Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1947https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01202a502https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01202a502research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views132Altmetric-Citations22LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
IsoRankN: spectral methods for global alignment of multiple protein networks (2009)

Our software is available freely for non-commercial purposes on request from: http://isorank.csail.mit.edu/.
Novel strategies for steroid-refractory acute graft-versus-host disease (2004)

As supportive care improves and new agents are added to the armamentarium against steroid-refractory acute graft-versus-host disease, the prognosis of this entity may start to change. Patients with this complication after transplantation should be enrolled, whenever possible, in clinical trials to find effective therapies.
Martensitic/Ferritic Super Heat-resistant 650.DEG.C. Steels. Design and Testing of Model Alloys. (2002)

In the recent two decades advanced martensitic/ferritic 9-12% Cr steels are recognized to be the most potential materials for 650°C Ultra Super Critical (USC) Power Plants. The critical issues are the improvement of long-term creep strength and corrosion resistance. The aim of the present research is to design new super heat-resistant 12% Cr martensitic/ferritic steels using basic principles and concepts of physical metallurgy, to test and optimize model alloys and to investigate and clarify their behavior under long-term creep conditions with emphasis on microstructural stability and corrosion resistance.Fine distributions of stable precipitates, which block the movement of subgrain boundaries (M23C6 carbides, Laves phase) and dislocations (MX carbonitrides) and delay coarsening of microstructure, are the key to high creep strength of this type of steels. Therefore, different carbide, nitride and Laves phase forming elements (Cr, W, Nb, V, Ta, Ti) have been used to provide precipitation hardening. Furthermore, the aim is to produce a sequence of precipitates with different kinetics, i.e. with precipitation of a new phase during coarsening of the prior one. Co has been used for obtaining 100% martensite initially and for slowing down diffusion processes and particle coarsening. The partial replacement of Co by Cu is also investigated to reduce costs.The first results of mechanical tests of the studied model alloys have shown positive effects of the addition of W and Ta as Laves phase and MX forming elements, respectively, as well as of the addition of B. Alloying with Co has also shown beneficial effects on the creep strength.
Water Budget and Vertical Conductance for Magnolia Lake (2001)

Water-budget components and the average vertical conductance were determined for Magnolia Lake in north-central Florida. At Magnolia Lake, a large part of the ground-water outflow occurs by means of vertical leakage through an underlying semipermeable confining unit to a deeper, highly transmissive aquifer called the upper Floridan aquifer, which is typical of many karst lakes in Florida. Monthly water-budget components were calculated for a two-year period from October 1995 through September 1997, and the water-budget component that represents vertical leakage to the upper Floridan aquifer was calculated as a residual in the water-budget equation. Relative to the 83.4 ha surface area of the lake, rainfall at Magnolia Lake was 1.31 m/year, surface-water inflow was 9.57 m/year, direct runoff was 0.19 m/year, and surficial-aquifer inflow was 0.69 m/year. Lake evaporation was 1.08 m/year, surface-water outflow was 7.79 m/year, and surficial-aquifer outflow was 0.14 m/year. The lake stage decreased by 0.13 m/year, and vertical leakage to the upper Floridan aquifer was 2.88 m/year. Values for the average vertical conductance (KV/b), a coefficient that represents the average of the vertical conductances of the hydrogeologic units between the bottom of a lake and the top of the upper Floridan aquifer, also were calculated for Magnolia Lake. The mean value for KV/b is 5.91 × 10−4 day−1, with a standard deviation of 2.91 × 10−4 day−1. The values for vertical leakage and KV/b at Magnolia Lake are greater than values that occur in the surrounding basin away from the lake, and indicate that the confining unit beneath Magnolia Lake is breached to some extent.
Electro-optic frequency shifting using coupled lithium-niobate microring resonators (2020)

We experimentally investigate electro-optic frequency shifting of continuous wave optical signal using harmonic RF signal. We demonstrate 11GHz shift with 98.2% efficiency and 1.25dB device insertion loss. This was accomplished by unidirectionally controlling the photon flow in frequency domain.
Genome-wide association study identifies risk variants for sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease in STX6 and GAL3ST1 (2020)

Abstract Mammalian prions are lethal pathogens composed of fibrillar assemblies of misfolded prion protein. Human prion diseases are rare and usually rapidly fatal neurodegenerative disorders, the most common being sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (sCJD). Variants in the gene that encodes prion protein ( PRNP ) are strong risk factors for sCJD, but although the condition has heritability similar to other neurodegenerative disorders, no other risk loci have yet been confirmed. By genome-wide association in European ancestry populations, we found three replicated loci (cases n=5208, within PRNP, STX6 , and GAL3ST1 ) and two further unreplicated loci were significant in gene-wide tests (within PDIA4, BMERB1 ). Exome sequencing in 407 sCJD cases, conditional and transcription analyses suggest that associations at PRNP and GAL3ST1 are likely to be caused by common variants that alter the protein sequence, whereas risk variants in STX6 and PDIA4 associate with increased expression of the major transcripts in disease-relevant brain regions. Alteration of STX6 expression does not modify prion propagation in a neuroblastoma cell model of mouse prion infection. We went on to analyse the proteins histologically in diseased tissue and examine the effects of risk variants on clinical phenotypes using deep longitudinal clinical cohort data. Risk SNPs in STX6 , a protein involved in the intracellular trafficking of proteins and vesicles, are shared with progressive supranuclear palsy, a neurodegenerative disease associated with the misfolded protein tau. We present the first evidence of statistically robust associations in sporadic human prion disease that implicate intracellular trafficking and sphingolipid metabolism.
Video Authentication- An Overview (2011)

With the innovations and development in sophisticated video editing technology and a wide spread of video information and services in our society, it is becoming increasingly significant to assure the trustworthiness of video information. Therefore in surveillance, medical and various other fields, video contents must be protected against attempt to manipulate them. Such malicious alterations could affect the decisions based on these videos. A lot of techniques are proposed by various researchers in the literature that assure the authenticity of video information in their own way. In this paper we present a brief survey on video authentication techniques with their classification. These authentication techniques are broadly classified into four categories: digital signature based techniques, watermark based techniques, intelligent techniques and other techniques. Furthermore we give the shortcomings of different categories of video authentication techniques in brief.