gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Calorimetric studies of the heat capacity and relaxation of amorphous Si prepared by electron beam evaporation (1993)

The heat capacity of a-Si thin film prepared by electron beam evaporation method was measured from 360 to 820 K by a differential scanning calorimeter. For the as-prepared a-Si specimen, two novel irreversible endothermic processes and one irreversible broad exothermic reaction were found. The origins of the endothermic reactions were not known. It is suggested that they may be caused by a change in the number and distribution of voids that occurs at approximately 465 K and the creation of dangling bonds at the higher temperature regime (≳620 K). The exothermic reaction is attributed to heat release during structural relaxation. When measuring the heat capacity of a-Si, Ca-Sip, these irreversible reactions were first eliminated by annealing the specimens at high temperatures. The heat capacity of crystalline Si, Cc-Sip, was also measured and the difference, ΔCSip=Ca-Sip −Cc-Sip, was used to evaluate the thermodynamic melting temperature of the a-Si, Tal, which is determined to be 1400 K.
Moving High Loads with Low Power Subsea – How a Novel Electric Actuator Technology Enables a Sustainable Energy Transition (2023)

Abstract The offshore energy industry relies on heavy-duty equipment to execute complex operations in harsh environments over a long time with remote control and limited maintenance. But how is this equipment powered and controlled to enable reliable and safe operation? Hydraulics have been often used because of the high robustness and safety; but hydraulics also include complex installation, low energy-efficiency and potential environmental risks. On the flipside, subsea electrification seems cost-intensive due to its high power and large batteries needed. This paper explains how a novel subsea electric actuator technology enables a sustainable energy transition combining the ability to move high forces while being cost effective. For CO2 storage, it enables an all-electric subsea tree, comparable in price to a traditional hydraulic tree, but without demanding expensive umbilicals or topside hydraulic power units. In applications requiring long control distances, such as oil &amp; gas fields with long subsea tiebacks or deepsea mining, it allows safe and reliable operation with minimal electric power consumption, capable of precisely handling even high loads.
Présentation du numéro (2014)

Le Coran insiste sur le don sous des formes multiples et variées. Nous défendons l’idée de la présence écrasante du don dans le Coran sous une forme spécifique que nous qualifierons de « don hiératique ». Mais, dans le Coran, le don ne vise pas primordialement à établir un lien d’échange entre donateur et donataire. Le donateur donne à une personne, souvent pauvre ou indigente, mais ce n’est pas ce dernier qui prend en charge le contre-don, mais Dieu. Ce type de don a un rôle de régulateur social et d’atténuateur de la pauvreté et des disparités de classe.
Estructuras formales de poder y de organización de las clases dominantes urbanas en Castilla: el regimiento: una crisis del siglo XIV en el siglo XV (2007)

La introduccion del regimiento en el siglo XIV no constituyo un verdadero mecanismo de pacificacion de los conflictos surgidos por elcontrol del poder urbano. Al contrario, la resolucion de dichos enfrentamientos necesito de la construccion de unas agencias politicas estables y unos grupos o clases dominantes dotados de unos minimos niveles de organizacion, solidaridad y coherencia, necesarios para ocupar, sin graves oposiciones, el centro de la dominacion. El regimiento, sujeto a multiples contestaciones en el siglo XIV, precisara, en el XV, de un periodo de adaptacion para resolver unas disfunciones politico-sociales que el no ha provocado pero si heredado.
<title>High-aspect-ratio two-dimensional silicon subwavelength gratings fabricated by fast atom beam etching</title> (1999)

We fabricated 2D subwavelength structured (SWS) surface on crystal silicon and SiO<SUB>2</SUB> substrates. The SWS surface patterns were generated by electron beam lithography and etched by SF<SUB>6</SUB> fast atom beam. In the case of the silicon SWS surface with the period of 150nm, the grating had conical profile and the groove was approximately 350nm deep. The reflectivity was examined at the wavelengths between 200nm and 2500nm. At 400nm, the reflectivity decreased to 0.5 percent from 54.7 percent of the silicon substrate. The reflectivity was also examined for the incident angel with He-Ne laser light. Thus, it was shown that the silicon SWS surface prevented the reflection in the wide ranges of wavelength and incident angle. We also fabricated the hole type SWS surface and the column type SWS surface on silicon substrates. In both types, the grating period was 200nm and the grooves were approximately 275nm deep. Moreover, the SiO<SUB>2</SUB> SWS surface with the period of 150nm was fabricated and the reflectivity was examined at the wavelengths between 200nm and 2500nm.
Editorial note on International Conference on Molecular Microbiology (2021)

We had a huge success with the merge of International Conference on Molecular Microbiology, Webinar scheduled on December 07, 2020. 
The significance of the meeting was achieved due to the accumulation of all the related group of spectators of research scientists to share their knowledge, research work, technologies, and furthermore trade of worldwide Information towards the correct crowd at ideal time. Congress has received a generous response from all over the world.
This has been organized with the aim to the corporate community and to create a platform for the exchange of information on technological developments, new scientific modernization and the effectiveness of various regulatory programs towards Microbiology Conf 2020 and World Vaccine Meet 2020. The conference was organized around the theme “Innovative Microbial Technology for a better tomorrow”. The congress is about the present and future challenges in the field of Microbiology.
We would like to thank
• Ayman M. Noreddin, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Galala University, Attaka, Egypt
• Asad U Khan, Interdisciplinary Biotechnology Unit, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India 
• Jorge Trujillo Mendoza, Microbiology graduate, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
• Kym Lowry, University of Queensland, Queensland, Australia
• Wafaa Ahmed Zahran, Medical Microbiology& Immunology, Menoufia University, Egypt
We would like to thank each and every participant of Microbiology Conf 2020 Webinar to make this a huge success. And special thanks to media partners for the promotion of our event.
We are happy to announce the 2nd International Conference on Molecular Microbiology during December 06-07, 2021 which aim to bring together the prominent microbiologists, researchers academic scientists, and research scholars to exchange and share their experiences on all aspects of Molecular Microbiology.
Major topics discussed to be covered in the webinar are Coronavirus (COVID-19), Advanced Research in Microbiology and Public Health, Discovery and Pharmacology of Antibiotics, Applications of Microbes, Bioremediation and Biodegradation, Drug Discovery Technologies in Antibiotics, Clinical Microbiology and Biotechnology, Environmental Microbiology, Genetic Engineering in Microbiology, Industrial Microbiology, Infectious Diseases, Microbial Biofilms, Infection & Immunity many more.
Hyperspectral resolution enhancement using high-resolution multispectral imagery with arbitrary response functions (2005)

A maximum a posteriori (MAP) estimation method for improving the spatial resolution of a hyperspectral image using a higher resolution auxiliary image is extended to address several practical remote sensing situations. These include cases where: 1) the spectral response of the auxiliary image is unknown and does not match that of the hyperspectral image; 2) the auxiliary image is multispectral; and 3) the spatial point spread function for the hyperspectral sensor is arbitrary and extends beyond the span of the detector elements. The research presented follows a previously reported MAP approach that makes use of a stochastic mixing model (SMM) of the underlying spectral scene content to achieve resolution enhancement beyond the intensity component of the hyperspectral image. The mathematical formulation of a generalized form of the MAP/SMM estimate is described, and the enhancement algorithm is demonstrated using various image datasets.
BIOLOGICAL SPECTRUM OF THE ACTIVITY OF AZHETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS (2021)

The demand for immunostimulants and immunomodulators in the pharmaceutical market is wide. They are used in the treatment of congenital, acquired immunodeficiency states, in the treatment of cancer patients, in the treatment of patients living in ecologically unfavorable regions of countries, etc. And modern immunopharmacology faces a global challenge in the development of targeted immunostimulants. Thus, the presented spectrum of immunostimulating drugs shows that each group of immunostimulants has a certain spectrum of side effects and synthetic drugs are a more promising group. Therefore, the screening of new promising immunostimulants of targeted synthetics is justified. To study the hemogram of peripheral blood, we used 48 adult female albino laboratory rats, and phenotyping of lymphocytes was carried out by the conventional method of indirect fluorescence using monoclonal antibodies. As a result, the blood leukogram changed towards the development of leukopenic processes. Compound 2 exhibited comparatively low lymphopoiesis-stimulating activity among the compounds studied. Compound 3 showed comparatively high lymphopoiesis-stimulating activity in the series of compounds 1, 2, and 3. The erythropoiesis-stimulating and thrombocytopoiesis-stimulating activity of compounds 1 and 3 was at the level of the reference drug methyluracil.
Nomad (2015)

Recent studies have shown a range of co-residency side channels that can be used to extract private information from cloud clients. Unfortunately, addressing these side channels often requires detailed attack-specific fixes that require significant modifications to hardware, client virtual machines (VM), or hypervisors. Furthermore, these solutions cannot be generalized to future side channels. Barring extreme solutions such as single tenancy which sacrifices the multiplexing benefits of cloud computing, such side channels will continue to affect critical services. In this work, we present Nomad, a system that offers vector-agnostic defense against known and future side channels. Nomad envisions a provider-assisted VM migration service, applying the moving target defense philosophy to bound the information leakage due to side channels. In designing Nomad, we make four key contributions: (1) a formal model to capture information leakage via side channels in shared cloud deployments; (2) identifying provider-assisted VM migration as a robust defense for arbitrary side channels; (3) a scalable online VM migration heuristic that can handle large datacenter workloads; and (4) a practical implementation in OpenStack. We show that Nomad is scalable to large cloud deployments, achieves near-optimal information leakage subject to constraints on migration overhead, and imposes minimal performance degradation for typical cloud applications such as web services and Hadoop MapReduce.
Automatic Textual Feedback for Guided Inquiry Learning (2005)

Abstract. We briefly introduce the online learning environment INFACT, and then we describe its textual feedback system. The system automatically provides written comments to students as they work through scripted activities related to image processing. The commenting takes place in the context of an online discussion group, to which students are posting answers to questions associated with the activities. Then we describe our experience using the system with a class of university freshmen and sophomores. 1.
An Improved Strategy for Detection and Localization of Nodules in Liver Tissues by a 16 MHz Needle Ultrasonic Probe Mounted on a Robotic Platform (2020)

This study presents an improved strategy for the detection and localization of small size nodules (down to few mm) of agar in excised pork liver tissues via pulse-echo ultrasound measurements performed with a 16 MHz needle probe. This work contributes to the development of a new generation of medical instruments to support robotic surgery decision processes that need information about cancerous tissues in a short time (minutes). The developed ultrasonic probe is part of a scanning platform designed for the automation of surgery-associated histological analyses. It was coupled with a force sensor to control the indentation of tissue samples placed on a steel plate. For the detection of nodules, we took advantage of the property of nodules of altering not only the acoustical properties of tissues producing ultrasound attenuation, but also of developing patterns at their boundary that can modify the shape and the amplitude of the received echo signals from the steel plate supporting the tissues. Besides the Correlation Index Amplitude (CIA), which is linked to the overall amplitude changes of the ultrasonic signals, we introduced the Correlation Index Shape (CIS) linked to their shape changes. Furthermore, we applied AND-OR logical operators to these correlation indices. The results were found particularly helpful in the localization of the irregular masses of agar we inserted into some excised liver tissues, and in the individuation of the regions of major interest over which perform the vertical dissections of tissues in an automated analysis finalized to histopathology. We correctly identified up to 89% of inclusions, with an improvement of about 14% with respect to the result obtained (78%) from the analysis performed with the CIA parameter only.
Response of Six Alfalfa Populations to Selection under Laboratory Conditions for Germination and Seedling Vigor at Low Temperatures (2000)

Alfalfa ( Medicago sativa L.) seeded in early spring often germinates and emerges under cold temperatures. We conducted this study to determine if phenotypic recurrent selection improved germination time and seedling growth under cool temperatures in the laboratory. Four selection methods were conducted in the laboratory for two cycles within six commercial alfalfa cultivars: 5454, Alfagraze, Amerigraze 401+Z, Innovator +Z, Magnum IV, and WL252HQ ranging in fall dormancy class from two to four. Cycles 0, 1, and 2 were evaluated in controlled environmental chambers. Two cycles of selection for rapid germination at 5°C decreased germination time (GT) by 29%. Response to selection was greatest in the first cycle. Two cycles of selection for high seedling vigor increased seedling height (SH) after 45 d at 10°C by 15%. In some cultivars, selection for high seedling vigor was effective at increasing SH in the laboratory and further increases may be expected. Selection for high seedling vigor increased GT, indicating an association between these traits under laboratory conditions. The mean realized heritability estimates were 0.49 for GT and 0.18 for SH. Selection for both early germination and high seedling vigor resulted in an average decrease in GT of 29% with no effect on SH after two cycles, but combined selection against both traits increased GT by 162% and decreased SH by 18%. Laboratory selection for decreased GT and increased SH under low temperatures can be successful, but the amount of improvement is population dependant.
Visual cortex neurons in monkeys and cats: Detection, discrimination, and identification (1997)

A descriptive function method was used to measure the detection, discrimination, and identification performance of a large population of single neurons recorded from within the primary visual cortex of the monkey and the cat, along six stimulus dimensions: contrast, spatial position, orientation, spatial frequency, temporal frequency, and direction of motion. First, the responses of single neurons were measured along each stimulus dimension, using analysis intervals comparable to a normal fixation interval (200 ms). Second, the measured responses of each neuron were fitted with simple descriptive functions, containing a few free parameters, for each stimulus dimension. These functions were found to account for approximately 90% of the variance in the measured response means and response standard deviations. (A detailed analysis of the relationship between the mean and the variance showed that the variance is proportional to the mean.) Third, the parameters of the best-fitting descriptive functions were utilized in conjunction with Bayesian (optimal) decision theory to determine the detection, discrimination, and identification performance for each neuron, along each stimulus dimension. For some of the cells in monkey, discrimination performance was comparable to behavioral performance; for most of the cells in cat, discrimination performance was better than behavioral performance. The behavioral contrast and spatial-frequency discrimination functions were similar in shape to the envelope of the most sensitive cells; they were also similar to the discrimination functions obtained by optimal pooling of the entire population of cells. The statistics which summarize the parameters of the descriptive functions were used to estimate the response of the visual cortex as a whole to a complex natural image. The analysis suggests that individual cortical neurons can reliably signal precise information about the location, size, and orientation of local image features.
Prognostic value of KIT mutation in gastrointestinal stromal tumors (2005)

C-kit mutation is a undoubtedly pivotal event in GIST and may be associated with poor prognosis. Evaluation of C-kit gene mutation may have both prognosis and therapeutic significances.
Characterization of a targeting motif for a flagellar membrane protein in Leishmania enriettii. (2002)

Recent studies in our group have revealed that a deletion mutant that removes the first 30 amino acids from the Leishmania enriettii flagellar glucose transporter ISO1 produces a protein that still targets to the flagellum, in contradiction to our previously reported results. Consequently, the essential flagellar targeting information cannot be located at amino acids 25–29, as postulated in this manuscript. Additional deletions suggest that a region between amino acids 67 and 97 is important for flagellar targeting, and we are further investigating the role of this region in localization of the ISO1 transporter.
A Novel Protein Activity Mediates DNA Binding of an ATR-ATRIP Complex (2004)

The function of the ATR (ataxia-telangiectasia mutated and Rad3-related)-ATRIP (ATR-interacting protein) protein kinase complex is central to the cellular response to replication stress and DNA damage. In order to better understand the function of this complex, we have studied its interaction with DNA. We find that both ATR and ATRIP associate with chromatin in vivo, and they exist as a large molecular weight complex that can bind single-stranded (ss)DNA cellulose in vitro. Although replication protein A (RPA) is sufficient for the recruitment of ATRIP to ssDNA, we show that a distinct ATR-ATRIP complex is able to bind to DNA with lower affinity in the absence of RPA. In this latter complex, we show that neither ATR nor ATRIP are able to bind DNA individually, nor do they bind DNA in a cooperative manner. However, the addition of HeLa nuclear extract is able to reconstitute the DNA binding of both ATR and ATRIP, suggesting the requirement for an additional protein activity. We also show that ATR is necessary for ATRIP to bind DNA in this low affinity mode and to form a large DNA binding complex. These observations suggest that there are at least two in vitro ATR-ATRIP DNA binding complexes, one which binds DNA with high affinity in an RPA-dependent manner and a second, which binds DNA with lower affinity in an RPA-independent manner but which requires an as of yet unidentified protein.
The Road to Pathogenesis: Charting the Development of LSCs and Pre-LSCs (2019)

Leukemia stem cells (LSCs, also known as leukemia-initiating cells) are thought to be responsible for leukemia initiation, maintenance and recurrence. Elimination of LSCs is therefore seen as a potential cure for this fatal disease. LSCs may arise from self-renewing hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) as well as committed progenitors. The cross-talk between leukemic cells and their niche is already known to contribute to leukemia pathogenesis, and recent studies have further proposed a new model in which a series of transforming events initially gives rise to pre-leukemic stem cells (pre-LSCs) prior to the formation of fully transformed LSCs. This research topic will highlight recent and ongoing advances in our understanding of the cell of origin of leukemia, the role(s) of pre-LSCs in leukemia development, and the aberrations that lead to LSC formation and subsequent pathogenesis. Understanding the causes of leukemic and pre-leukemic mutations, and why these mutations are found in specific cells, is an important step in monitoring the disease as well as delineating its development. We welcome original research and review articles as well as shorter articles such as opinion and perspectives.
Strategies to Introduce n-Butanol in Gasoline Blends (2017)

The use of oxygenated fuels in spark ignition engines (SIEs) has gained increasing attention in the last few years, especially when coming from renewable sources, due to the shortage of fossil fuels and global warming concern. Currently, the main substitute of gasoline is ethanol, which helps to reduce CO and HC emissions but presents a series of drawbacks such as a low heating value and a high hygroscopic tendency, which cause higher fuel consumption and corrosion problems, respectively. This paper shows the most relevant properties when replacing ethanol by renewable n-butanol, which presents a higher heating value and a lower hygroscopic tendency compared to the former. The test matrix carried out for this experimental study includes, on the one hand, ethanol substitution by n-butanol in commercial blends and, on the other hand, either ethanol or gasoline substitution by n-butanol in E85 blends (85% ethanol-15% gasoline by volume). The results show that the substitution of n-butanol by ethanol presents a series of benefits such as a higher heating value and a greater interchangeability with gasoline compared to ethanol, which makes n-butanol a promising fuel for SIEs in commercial blends. However, the use of n-butanol in E85 blends substituting either gasoline or ethanol may cause cold-start problems due to the lower vapor pressure of n-butanol. For this reason, a combined substitution of n-butanol by both gasoline and ethanol is proposed so that n-butanol can be used without start problems.
High‐performance liquid chromatography assays for desmethoxyyangonin, methysticin, kavain and their microsomal metabolites (2008)

Three novel, simple and reproducible high-performance liquid chromatography quantitative assays with UV detection were developed and validated for three major kavalactones--desmethoxyyangonin, methysticin and kavain--in rat liver microsomes using diazepam as an internal standard; liquid-liquid extraction was used for sample preparation and analysis was performed on a Shimadzu 10A high-performance liquid chromatography system. The analysis was carried out in reversed-phase mode with a Luna C(18) column (150 x 2.00 mm, 3 microm) at 40 degrees C. The limit of quantitation was 0.1 microg/mL using 0.25 mL of microsomal solution. The assays were linear over the range 0.1-10 microg/mL for desmethoxyyangonin, methysticin and kavain. Quality control samples exhibited good accuracy and precision with relative standard deviations lower than 15% and recoveries between 85 and 105%. The assays exhibited satisfactory performance with high sensitivity for quantifying desmethoxyyangonin, methysticin and kavain in rat liver microsomes and were successfully used to determine the three kavalactones and their microsomal metabolites.