gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Earth's continuous oscillations observed on seismically quiet days (1998)

Analysis of IDA gravimeter data between 1983 and 1994 and GEOSCOPE data between 1988 and 1994 show that fundamental modes of the Earth, for frequencies between 2 and 7 mHz , are excited even on seismically quiet days. Amplitudes of acceleration are slightly less than one ngal (10 −9 gal ). Examination of a sequence of shorter time interval records suggests that the Earth is oscillating continuously. Currently, both atmospheric excitation and tectonic motions are possible cause(s) of these oscillations.
Review of DSP algorithms for active noise control (2002)

Active noise control (ANC) has application to a wide variety of problems in manufacturing, industrial operations, and consumer products. In this paper, digital signal processing (DSP) algorithms for broadband feedforward control, narrowband feedforward control, and adaptive feedback control are reviewed. ANC algorithms are first introduced and analyzed for a single-channel configuration, and then expanded to multiple-channel cases. The emphasis of this paper is on the practical aspects of ANC systems in terms of adaptive signal processing and DSP implementation for real-world applications.
Precocious ovarian recrudescence and induced off–season spawning of Heteropneustes fossilis by D‐Lys6 salmon gonadotropin releasing hormone analog (sGnRH‐A) (1994)

The feasibility of photothermal treatment and use of salmon gonadotropin releasing hormone analogue (sGnRH‐A) for induced spawning of Heteropneustes fossilis outside the spawning season was investigated. Fish were maintained at 30° C and 14 h light (L)/10 h dark (D) for 60 days between the post‐spawning season and preparatory season. Fish attained gonadal maturity 4 months earlier compared to the natural spawning season. Mature fish were induced to spawn by D‐Lys 6 sGnRH‐A at a dose of 25 μg kg −1 body weight. The eggs obtained were fertilizable. Injection of D‐Lys 6 sGnRH‐A at different time points during the photodiurnal cycle did not influence the latency period and spawning of H. fossilis .
Linking structural urban characteristics derived from high resolution satellite data to population distribution (2007)

Static urban morphology can characterize an urban agglomeration. But the dynamics of its population also distinguish urban appearance. This study correlates the static element of physical urban structures with the dynamic element of spatial and temporal behaviour of the population by means of high resolution satellite data. In the process an object-oriented urban land cover classification serves as a basis to structure the complex urban environment in homogeneous zones. The zones are defined by physical characteristics like built-up density, building height and land use. Based on two different ancillary input data – total population for the large spatial unit of a district and punctual population data collected from fieldwork – two methods for population distribution are presented. A top-down approach interpolates the total population on a local scale based on physical urban structures mapped from remote sensing data. A bottom-up approach extrapolates the punctual information onto the district level. An accuracy assessment shows that the results agree in their dimension with results from another study in the particular district. The methods have the capability to support urban planning or management operations with up-to-date population information. This becomes especially important in the fast changing and extremely dynamic urban areas of developing countries suffering from uncontrolled sprawl, densification and thus, a lack of reliable, up-to-date spatial data.
ChemInform Abstract: REARRANGEMENT OF 2‐DIAZOCEPH‐3‐EM 1β‐OXIDES: MIGRATION OF OXYGEN FROM SULFUR TO CARBON (1980)

Abstract Die durch Diazogruppen‐Übertragung erhaltenen 2‐Diazocephem‐1‐oxide (I) lagern bei der Einwirkung von Rhodium‐Salzen als Katalysator über verschiedene Zwischenstufen wie (II) und (III) zu den 2‐Oxo‐cephalosporinen (IV) um.
ChemInform Abstract: STEREOSELECTIVE MICELLAR CATALYSIS. PART 4. CATALYTIC HYDROLYSES OF ENANTIOMERIC ESTERS BY DIPEPTIDE DERIVATIVES CONTAINING A HISTIDYL RESIDUE (1984)

Abstract In Gegenwart des Dipeptids Z‐Leu‐His und anionischer Micellen aus Cetyltrimethylammoniumbromid wird bevorzugt das L‐Enantiomer des Phenylalanats (Ia) hydrolysiert.
PERFECT POPULATION TRANSFER IN PULSE-DRIVEN QUANTUM CHAINS (2010)

The quantum dynamics of a pulse-driven finite-dimensional quantum chain with only nearest-neighbor coupling is studied. We extend the concept of Rabi oscillations from two-level quantum systems to the multi-level quantum chains. The time-dependent quantum dynamics and solutions producing perfect population transfer are obtained for up to five-level quantum chains. The Gröbner basis analysis technique is used to generalize the results and get all analytical solutions for perfect population transfer. Explicit formulas for the solutions up to nine levels are presented. These results could be used to design control strategies for general finite-dimensional quantum systems.
Technologies for Powered Ankle-Foot Orthotic Systems: Possibilities and Challenges (2011)

Ankle-foot orthoses (AFOs) can be used to ameliorate the impact of impairments to the lower limb neuromuscular motor system that affect gait. Existing AFO technologies include passive devices with fixed and articulated joints, semiactive devices that modulate damping at the joint, and active devices that make use of a variety of technologies to produce power to move the foot. Emerging technologies provide a vision for fully powered, untethered AFOs. However, the stringent design requirements of light weight, small size, high efficiency, and low noise present significant engineering challenges before such devices will be realized. Once such devices appear, they will present new opportunities for clinical treatment of gait abnormalities.
New Insights into the Progress on the Isobutane/Butene Alkylation Reaction and Related Processes for High-Quality Fuel Production. A Critical Review (2020)

Although research in renewables is growing at a tremendous rate, the world will still be greatly dependent on fossil fuels for at least the first half of this century. In the quest for more efficient and clean fuels, oil refining companies have turned their attention to processes such as reforming and alkylation technologies; in the latter process, isobutane is reacted with butenes and/or propylenes to produce, among others, branched isooctane, which is the main high-octane component of the gasoline pool. The main benefit of this process is the possibility to produce sulfur-free high-octane fuels, so important economic and environmental advantages are foreseen if investments in this area are realized. This Review analyzes and discusses the most recent progress on catalyst technologies, starting from the traditional sulfuric acid process and proceeding to newly emerging catalyst technologies such as solid acid and ionic liquid-based catalysts. We start with basic mechanistic analyses and conclude this Review with the new non-liquid acid-based commercial and emerging technologies for isobutane alkylation. Emphasis is given to the structure–activity relationships and the advantages and disadvantages present in every discussed catalyst material.
Classification of english phrases and SMS text messages using Bayes and Support Vector Machine classifiers (2009)

This paper performs a comparative analysis of several different types of SMS text classifiers: weight enhanced Multinomial naive Bayes, Poisson naive Bayes, and L2-loss Support Vector Machine. The effects of preprocessing and incorporating additional features on the classifiers were examined. The preliminary experimental results show that the use of preprocessing and incorporating additional features produced no significant gain or loss in classification efficiency. However the feature space used by the classification methods decreased, which could be beneficial for resource limited environments. In addition the solutions to the SMS text classification may be applied to other problems, like the classification of English sentences. Our collection of text messages may not be statistically significant, because of very limited sources for text messages.
Relationship between perception of spectral ripple and speech recognition in cochlear implant and vocoder listeners (2007)

Spectral resolution has been reported to be closely related to vowel and consonant recognition in cochlear implant (CI) listeners. One measure of spectral resolution is spectral modulation threshold (SMT), which is defined as the smallest detectable spectral contrast in the spectral ripple stimulus. SMT may be determined by the activation pattern associated with electrical stimulation. In the present study, broad activation patterns were simulated using a multi-band vocoder to determine if similar impairments in speech understanding scores could be produced in normal-hearing listeners. Tokens were first decomposed into 15 logarithmically spaced bands and then re-synthesized by multiplying the envelope of each band by matched filtered noise. Various amounts of current spread were simulated by adjusting the drop-off of the noise spectrum away from the peak (40-5 dBoctave). The average SMT (0.25 and 0.5 cyclesoctave) increased from 6.3 to 22.5 dB, while average vowel identification scores dropped from 86% to 19% and consonant identification scores dropped from 93% to 59%. In each condition, the impairments in speech understanding were generally similar to those found in CI listeners with similar SMTs, suggesting that variability in spread of neural activation largely accounts for the variability in speech perception of CI listeners.
Slow Stress Relaxation in Randomly Disordered Nematic Elastomers and Gels (1998)

Randomly disordered liquid crystalline elastomers align under stress. We study the dynamics of stress relaxation before, during, and after the polydomain-monodomain transition. The results for different materials show a universal logarithmic behavior, especially pronounced in the region of the transition. The data are approximated very well by an equation $\ensuremath{\sigma}(t)\ensuremath{-}{\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{\mathrm{eq}}\ensuremath{\sim}1/(1+\ensuremath{\alpha}\mathrm{ln}t)$. We propose a theoretical model based on the cooperative mechanical resistance for the reorientation of each domain, attempting to follow the soft-deformation pathway.
Diagnostic Value of GeneChip for Detection of Resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Patients with Differing Treatment Histories (2014)

The increasing burden of drug-resistant tuberculosis (TB) poses an escalating threat to national TB control programs. To assist appropriate treatment for TB patients, accurate and rapid detection of drug resistance is critical. The GeneChip test is a novel molecular tool for the diagnosis of TB drug resistance. Performance-related data on GeneChip are limited, and evaluation in new and previously treated TB cases has never been performed. We evaluated the diagnostic performance of GeneChip in detecting resistance to rifampin (RMP) and isoniazid (INH) and in detecting multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) in comparison with standard drug susceptibility testing (DST) and compared the results in a group of previously treated and newly detected TB patients in an urban area in southeastern China. One thousand one hundred seventy-three (83.8%) new cases and 227 (16.2%) previously treated cases were collected between January 2011 and September 2013. The GeneChip showed a specificity of 97.8% and a sensitivity of 94.8% for detection of RMP resistance and 97.3% and 70.9%, respectively, for INH resistance in new cases. For previously treated cases, the overall sensitivity, specificity, and agreement rate are 94.6%, 91.3%, and 92.1%, respectively, for detection of RMP resistance and 69.7%, 95.4%, and 86.8%, respectively, for INH resistance. The sensitivity and specificity of MDR-TB were 81.8% and 99.0% in new cases and 77.8% and 93.4% in previously treated cases, respectively. The GeneChip system provides a simple, rapid, reliable, and accurate clinical assay for the detection of TB drug resistance, and it is a potentially important diagnostic tool in a high-prevalence area.
64/256 QAM chip-set for digital CATV application (2005)

A small and cost effective 16/32/64/256 QAM receiver chip-set is developed for next generation digital CATV systems. The QAM receiver was partitioned into a two-chip set, analog and digital chip for board size reduction. Most of all the analog parts except the tuner is incorporated in one chip. The digital adaptive equalizer with about 470 k-transistors has been implemented on a 35 mm/sup 2/ die using a 0.5 /spl mu/m CMOS technology and with an optimized filter circuit.
Studies on Thiophene Derivatives. V. : On the Reaction of Thiophene Aldehydes with p-Nitrophenylacetic Acid (1968)

An examination was made on Perkin reaction between thiophene aldehydes and p-nitrophenylacetic acid and it was found that 5-nitrothiophene aldehyde which possess nitro group at α-position in thiophene nucleus reacted normally, according to Perkin reaction. However, the one which possess nitro group at other than α-position, reacted according to Perkin reaction, besides bis(p-nitrobenzyl)ketone was formed by the reaction of p-nitrophenyl acetic acid molecules each other.
Characterization of the gate-voltage dependency of input capacitance in a SiC MOSFET (2010)

The charge/discharge phenomenon of capacitance between terminals in a power MOSFET affects on its switching behavior of the device. The input capacitance is composed of the gate-source capacitance CGS and the gate-drain capacitance CGD, which vary with gate voltage VGS. This paper characterizes the relationship between the input capacitance of a SiC MOSFET and the gate voltage with considering the internal device structure. The results give us a clue to understand the switching dynamics of the power MOSFET.
Type-aware transactions for faster concurrent code (2016)

It is often possible to improve a concurrent system's performance by leveraging the semantics of its datatypes. We build a new software transactional memory (STM) around this observation. A conventional STM tracks read- and write-sets of memory words; even simple operations can generate large sets. Our STM, which we call STO, tracks abstract operations on transactional datatypes instead. Parts of the transactional commit protocol are delegated to these datatypes' implementations, which can use datatype semantics, and new commit protocol features, to reduce bookkeeping, limit false conflicts, and implement efficient concurrency control. We test these ideas on the STAMP benchmark suite for STM applications and on our own prior work, the Silo high-performance in-memory database, observing large performance improvements in both systems.
Interleukin‐4 inhibits χ light chain expression and NFχB activation but not IχBα degradation in 70Z/3 murine pre‐B cells (1995)

The murine pre-B cell line 70Z/3 responds to lipopolysaccharide by up-regulating the surface expression of kappa (kappa) light chain through activation of the transcription factor NF kappa B. Interleukin-4 (IL-4), a T cell cytokine, is a known inhibitor of some LPS-mediated events. We investigated whether IL-4 could inhibit the up-regulation of kappa light chain and activation of NF kappa B by LPS in 70Z/3. IL-4 partially inhibited both the LPS-induced expression of kappa light chain and also the activation of NF kappa B as judged by an NF kappa B reporter gene assay. Additionally, electrophoretic mobility shift assays confirmed this effect on LPS-induced NF kappa B DNA binding activity in the nucleus. Surprisingly, proteolytic degradation of I kappa B alpha (MAD3), a prerequisite for NF kappa B activation, was unaffected by IL-4, implying that this cytokine inhibits some subsequent undefined event in the activation of NF kappa B. IL-4 was also found partially to inhibit NF kappa B activity induced by tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and interleukin-1-beta (IL-1 beta). These results indicate that there may be a common mechanism for the well-documented anti-inflammatory effects of IL-4 and that this mechanism involves the transcription factor NF kappa B.
183 Circulating Biomarkers and Leukocyte Profiles in Agalactic Sows (2022)

Abstract Agalactia is characterized by reduced milk production after farrowing, resulting in economic losses due to increased piglet mortality. Although a variety of management factors have been associated with the etiology of agalactia, a specific causative mechanism has not been identified. Since clinical signs of agalactia develop in the days following farrowing, the objective of the current study was to determine if periparturient immune cell profiles and circulating biomarkers are predictive of future agalactia. Blood samples and litter weights were collected from sows (n = 374) within 24-36 hours after farrowing (timepoint 1) and sows were subsequently monitored for symptoms of agalactia and gaunt piglets. When a sow was designated as agalactic (n = 36) blood samples and litter weights were collected again (timepoint 2) and also from a parity matched healthy control sow (n = 46) of the same day of lactation. Agalactia diagnosis occurred on average 9.25 ± 2.67 d after farrowing. Average daily gain (ADG) of piglets from agalactic sows was 55% less (P &amp;lt; 0.01) than ADG of piglets from controls. Additionally, piglet mortality was substantially greater (P &amp;lt; 0.01) in litters from agalactic sows compared with controls. Circulating immune cells and metabolites were determined. Cholesterol, blood urea nitrogen, and globulin were increased 22.3, 17.8, and 34.1%, respectively, in agalactic compared with control sows at timepoint 2 (P ≤ 0.01). Aspartate aminotransferase tended to increase in agalactic sows compared with control at timepoint 1 (P = 0.08). No differences in immune cell profiles were observed between agalactic and control sows at either timepoint (P ≥ 0.14). Collectively, these data suggest metabolic changes are occurring in sows experiencing agalactia compared with healthy herd mates, but that very few of the metrics analyzed at timepoint 1 predicted future agalactia. This project was supported by Zoetis; TI-07023.
Surgical Treatment of Aortic Aneurysms in Hemodialysis Patients. (1994)

1991年1月より1993年4月までの間に4例の血液透析患者における大動脈瘤手術を経験した. 症例1, 症例2は腹部大動脈瘤の症例で, 症例3, 症例4は胸部大動脈瘤の症例である. 大動脈瘤の診断後, 待機的手術を施行した症例1, 症例3は術後経過に問題なく退院したが, 血液透析患者であり, しかも高齢であることを考慮し内科的に経過観察をしていた症例2, 症例4は, 経過中に大動脈瘤破裂あるいは切迫破裂となり, 緊急手術を施行したが救命できなかった症例である. これからの症例をもとに,血液透析患者における大動脈瘤手術の適応に関して考察した.
Modelling the impact of fishery by‐catches on albatross populations (2001)

1 Several albatross species, including the wandering albatross Diomedea exulans, have shown marked declines in abundance throughout their range. These seabirds are frequently taken as by-catch in longline fisheries and this mortality has been implicated in the population declines. 2 We developed a deterministic, density-dependent, age-structured model for assessing the effects of longlining on wandering albatross populations. We used demographic data from field studies at South Georgia and the Crozet Islands, data on albatross abundance from 1960 to 1995, and reported effort data from the tuna longline fisheries south of 30° S, to model estimated by-catch levels and other population parameters in the model. 3 The model used two alternative assumptions about patterns of at-sea distribution of wandering albatross (uniform between 30° S–60° S; proportional to the distribution of longline fishing effort between these latitudes). 4 Our model was able to predict reasonably closely the observed data from the Crozet Islands wandering albatross population, but the fit to the South Georgia population was substantially poorer. This probably reflects: (i) greater overlap in the Indian Ocean than in the Atlantic Ocean between the main areas of tuna longline fishing and the foraging ranges of wandering albatrosses from the Crozet Islands and South Georgia, respectively; and (ii) greater impact of poorly documented longline fisheries, especially the tuna fisheries in the south Atlantic and the Patagonian toothfish Dissostichus eleginoides fishery, within the foraging range of wandering albatrosses from South Georgia. 5 The model results suggest that the marked decline in both populations, and subsequent recovery of the Crozet Islands population (but not the continued decline of the South Georgia population), can be explained by the tuna longline by-catch. They further indicate that populations may be able to sustain some level of incidental take. However, the likely under-reporting of fishing effort (especially in non-tuna longline fisheries) and the delicate balance between a sustainable and unsustainable level of by-catch for these long-lived populations suggest great caution in any application of such findings.
Cerebellar Involvement in Anticipating the Consequences of Self-Produced Actions During Bimanual Movements (2004)

Anticipatory postural adjustments (APA) during bimanual actions can be observed when participants hold an object in one hand and then lift it with the other hand. The postural force used to hold the object is reduced in anticipation of unloading, indicating an accurate prediction of the change in load. We examined patients with unilateral or bilateral cerebellar damage as well as two individuals lacking the corpus callosum on the bimanual unloading task. The acallosal patients showed an intact APA, suggesting subcortical integration of motor signals for anticipatory adjustments during bimanual actions. Contrary to the hypothesis that the cerebellum is critical for predicting and compensating for the consequences of our actions, we found that the well-learned APA in this task was largely intact in cerebellar patients. However, cerebellar damage abolished short-term adaptation of the APA, and the patients were unable to acquire an APA in a similar but previously untrained situation. These results indicate that while over-learned anticipatory adjustments are preserved after cerebellar lesions, adaptation of this response and the acquisition of a novel coordination requires the cerebellum ipsilateral to the postural hand. Furthermore, this structure appears to be essential for the accurate timing of previously learned behaviors. The patients with cerebellar damage showed poorly timed adjustments with the APA beginning earlier than in healthy participants.
Cloning and expression of bovine brain inositol monophosphatase. (1990)

Inositol monophosphatase is a key enzyme of the inositol phosphate second messenger signaling pathway. It is responsible for the provision of inositol required for synthesis of phosphatidylinositol and polyphosphoinositides and has been implicated as the pharmacological target for lithium action in brain. Using oligonucleotide probes based on partial amino acid sequence data for the bovine brain enzyme, several overlapping cDNA clones of 2-3 kilobases in length have been isolated. All contain an open reading frame encoding a 277-amino acid protein. No significant sequence homology was found with any known protein. The open reading frame was inserted into a bacterial expression vector in order to confirm the presumed identity of the protein. The expressed protein reacted with an anti-inositol monophosphatase monoclonal antibody. In addition, the protein was enzymically active and indistinguishable from the bovine brain enzyme with respect to Km values for substrate and Li+ sensitivity of inositol 1-phosphate hydrolysis.
Evidence for reductive radiolytic dephosphorylation in the nucleotide analogue 8,5′-cycloadenosine 5′-monophosphate (1975)

J. A. Raleigh and R. Whitehouse, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., 1975, 305 DOI: 10.1039/C39750000305