gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
<title>Laser-induced microfracture leading to high-density metal-to-metal connections</title> (1994)

Laser programmed inter-level metal connections have been developed as a means to achieve high density linking for customization in programmable gate arrays and for additive redundancy in restructurable integrated circuits. This work reports on the linking of 4 X 4 micrometers crossings of standard two-level metal interconnect lines and subsequent microstructural analyses aimed at understanding the mechanism of link formation. The links were formed by focusing a laser on metal 1 through an annular region of metal 2. The mechanism of link formation appears to be a physical connection made by a fracture of the inter-level dielectric (ILD) layer due to the stress of thermal expansion of the metallization with molten metal 2 filling the crack. Focussed ion-beam (FIB) cross sectional micrography and finite element analysis (FEA) have allowed us to analyze the successfully formed links as well as the failures to link. As a result of our analysis, we have begun to understand how to optimize the device geometry for very high reliability laser linking.
How to design aurora kinase A selective inhibitors (2009)

Pro183 and Pro188, is accommodated in a specific binding pocket. Comparison with other similar kinase structures shows a 180 rotation of the loop and suggests a possible pro-active dimer formation, by which intermolecular phosphorylation may occur. The well-defined proteinligand interactions further provide additional information for design of potent inhibitors.
WE‐D‐201C‐01: Advanced Ultrasound Imaging in Interventional Medicine (2010)

Minimally invasive ultrasound‐guided ablative procedures are a promising therapeutic option in many patients with primary liver cancer or isolated hepatic metastases. However, the effectiveness of thermal ablation is currently limited by the lack of precision in the ablation probe placement at the tumor site, and the inability to monitor the progress and document success of the thermal lesion. In this presentation, we will introduce an integrated platform that can utilize 3D ultrasound imaging for both guidance and monitoring of ablative therapies. We will present a rapid US‐based approach to monitor ablative therapy based on elasticity imaging. Also, we will highlight new applications for elasticity imaging in guiding interventions, including multi‐modality registration, and visualization. Learning Objectives: 1. Understand the limitations of current ablative monitoring methods. 2. Review solutions based on ultrasound technology. 3. Understand the potential advantages/disadvantages and future applications of elasticity imaging in monitoring and guiding ablative therapies.
Select-ProtoNet: Learning to Select for Few-Shot Disease Subtype Prediction (2020)

Current machine learning has made great progress on computer vision and many other fields attributed to the large amount of high-quality training samples, while it does not work very well on genomic data analysis, since they are notoriously known as small data. In our work, we focus on few-shot disease subtype prediction problem, identifying subgroups of similar patients that can guide treatment decisions for a specific individual through training on small data. In fact, doctors and clinicians always address this problem by studying several interrelated clinical variables simultaneously. We attempt to simulate such clinical perspective, and introduce meta learning techniques to develop a new model, which can extract the common experience or knowledge from interrelated clinical tasks and transfer it to help address new tasks. Our new model is built upon a carefully designed meta-learner, called Prototypical Network, that is a simple yet effective meta learning machine for few-shot image classification. Observing that gene expression data have specifically high dimensionality and high noise properties compared with image data, we proposed a new extension of it by appending two modules to address these issues. Concretely, we append a feature selection layer to automatically filter out the disease-irrelated genes and incorporate a sample reweighting strategy to adaptively remove noisy data, and meanwhile the extended model is capable of learning from a limited number of training examples and generalize well. Simulations and real gene expression data experiments substantiate the superiority of the proposed method for predicting the subtypes of disease and identifying potential disease-related genes.
Towards an adaptive network centric distributed time- and space partitioned platform architecture (2014)

This paper describes the advantages of the additional QoS of the SAE AS6802 Time-Triggered Ethernet open standard for space applications. It will give examples why a technology based on Ethernet, todays mostly used communication protocol based on the IEEE802.3 standard provides advantages for future spacecraft applications. It will further present the advantages of the static time-triggered traffic class with respect to verification and validation of the overall system compared to protocols relaying on best effort communication with events triggered by the applications. It will further present the advantages of combining the time and space partitioned operating system with a partitioned communication network for future spacecraft architectures based on the open modular avionics for space (OMAC4S) platform.
An Interactive Game with Virtual Reality Immersion to Improve Cultural Sensitivity in Health Care (2022)

This training simulation aimed to utilize components of evidence-based prejudice habit breaking interventions, such as learning more about an individual's life experience to help minimize filling in gaps with stereotyped assumptions. Although training simulations cannot fully replicate or replace the advantages that come with real-world experience, they can heighten awareness in the increase of increasing the cultural sensitivity of clinicians in health care professions for improving health equity.
Constraint cascading style sheets for the Web (1999)

Cascading Style Sheets have been introduced by the W3C as a mechanism for controlling the appearance of HTML documents. In this paper, we demonstrate how constraints provide a powerful unifying formalism for declaratively understanding and specifying style sheets for web documents. With constraints we can naturally and declaratively specify complex behavior such as inheritance of properties and cascading of conflicting style rules. We give a detailed description of a constraint-based style sheet model, CCSS, which is compatible with virtually all of the CSS 2.0 specification. It allows more flexible specification of layout, and also allows the designer to provide multiple layouts that better meet the desires of the user and environmental restrictions. We also describe a prototype extension of the Amaya browser that demonstrates the feasibility of CCSS.
The Stellenbosch consensus statement on health promoting schools (2013)

Health promotion uses a range of complementary approaches to provide individuals and communities with knowledge that will enable them to improve their own health and wellbeing. Encouraging children to adopt healthy lifestyle habits is a central objective, and health promotion at a community level, particularly through health promoting schools, may be an effective strategy. Health promoting schools are well within the capacity of even poor countries, as they focus on the school and its culture, and establishing health promoting schools requires a change in mindset and refinement of educational investment rather than the provision of major new resources, engagement of non-government organizations or obtaining international funding. A consensus of current evidence and essential concepts underlying health promotion in schools, principles that contribute to success or failure, and opportunities for implementation and engagement is presented, based on shared experience and dialogue at a 2011 international colloquium held at Stellenbosch University.
Magnetic anisotropy induced by field applied during deposition in sputtered amorphous CoZr-rare earth thin films (1993)

The formation of coherent magnetic anisotropy is investigated in amorphous (Co/sub 0.93/Zr/sub 0.07/)/sub 100-x/ (RE)/sub x/ (RE=rare earth) films as a function of the magnitude of the magnetic field, H/sub d/, applied during deposition. The direction of the induced anisotropy depends upon the peculiar rare earth substituted. For RE=Sm and Gd, a biaxial anisotropy is formed composed of a perpendicular anisotropy, K/sub p/, and of K/sub u/. The development of K/sub p/ is linked to H/sub d/. K/sub p/ is negligible for very small H/sub d/, and increases strongly. The short range chemical inhomogeneities are progressively suppressed as H/sub d/ is increased. A mechanism is suggested to explain the results.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Why do we grow old: is it because our cells just wear out, we run out of cells (or both), and what can we do about it? (2013)

Longevity & Healthspan, a new BioMed Central journal, has launched a thematic series on cellular senescence and aging, a quickly evolving field critical to our understanding of the biology of aging.
Single-photon source based on NV center in nanodiamond coupled to TiN-based hyperbolic metamaterial (2014)

We experimentally demonstrate both the lifetime reduction and the enhancement of single-photon emission from nitrogen-vacancies in nanodiamonds coupled to a TiN/Al0.6Sc0.4N superlattice. Our results pave the way towards future CMOS-compatible integrated quantum sources.
Theory of Breakdown Phenomenon at Highway Bottlenecks (2000)

On the basis of an empirical study of congestion occurring at a freeway bottleneck, it is shown that the congested regime can exist under a large variation of the discharge flow rate downstream of the bottleneck. This variation can be from about 1,600 to 1,700 vehicles/h to 2,600 to 2,700 vehicles/h per lane. A criticism of the application of queuing theories for the description of traffic pattern features is given. An explanation is given of the features of a congested regime on the basis of the recently discovered properties of synchronized flow as a new traffic phase.
Microbial enterotypes beyond genus level: Bacteroides species as a predictive biomarker for weight change upon controlled intervention with arabinoxylan oligosaccharides in overweight subjects (2020)

Recent studies indicate that microbial enterotypes may influence the beneficial effects of wholegrain enriched diets including bodyweight regulation. In a 4-week intervention trial, overweight subjects were randomized to consume either arabinoxylan-oligosaccharides (AXOS) (10.4 g/d) from wheat bran or polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) (3.6 g/d). In the present study, we have stratified the subjects participating in the intervention (n = 29) according to the baseline <i>Prevotella</i>-to-<i>Bacteroides</i> (P/B) ratios through a <i>post-hoc</i> analysis and applied a linear mixed model analysis to identify the influence of this P/B ratio on the differences in weight changes in the intervention arms. Following AXOS consumption (n = 15), the high P/B group showed no bodyweight changes [-0.14 kg (95% CI: -0.67; 0.38, <i>p</i> = .59)], while the low P/B group gained 0.65 kg (95% CI: 0.16; 1.14, <i>p</i> = .009). Consequently, a difference of -0.79 kg was found between P/B groups (95% CI: -1.51; -0.08, <i>p</i> = .030). No differences were found between P/B groups following PUFA consumption (0.61 kg, 95% CI: -0.13; 1.35, <i>p</i> = .10). Among the <i>Bacteroides</i> species, <i>B. cellulosilyticus</i> relative abundance exhibited the highest positive rank correlation (Kendall's tau = 0.51, FDR <i>p</i> = .070) with 4-week weight change on AXOS, and such association was further supported by using supervised classification methods (Random Forest). We outlined several carbohydrate-active enzyme (CAZy) genes involved in xylan-binding and degradation to be enriched in <i>B. cellulosilyticus</i> genomes, as well as multiple accessory genes, suggesting a supreme AXOS-derived glycan scavenging role of such species. This <i>post-hoc</i> analysis, ensuring species and strain demarcation at the human gut microbiota, permitted to uncover the predictive role of <i>Bacteroides</i> species over P/B enterotype in weight gain during a fiber-based intervention. The results of this pilot trial pave the way for future assessments on fiber fermentation outputs from <i>Bacteroides</i> species affecting lipid metabolism in the host and with direct impact on adiposity, thus helping to design personalized interventions.
Magnetically sensitive fiber probe with nitrogen-vacancy center nanodiamonds integrated in a suspended core (2022)

Efficient collection of photoluminescence arising from spin dynamics of nitrogen vacancy (NV) centers in diamond is important for practical applications involving precise magnetic field or temperature mapping. These goals may be realized by the integration of nanodiamond particles with optical fibers and volumetric doping of the particles alongside the fiber core. That approach combines the advantages of robust axial fixation of NV diamonds with a direct spatial overlap of their fluorescence with the guided mode of the fiber. We developed a suspended core silicate glass fiber with 750 nm-diameter nanodiamonds located centrally in the 1.5 µm-core cross-section along its axis. The developed fiber probe was tested for its magnetic sensing performance in optically detected magnetic resonance measurements using a 24 cm-long fiber sample, with the NV excitation and fluorescence collection from the far ends of the sample and yielding optical readout contrast of 7% resulting in 0.5 µT·Hz<sup>-1/2</sup> magnetic field sensitivity, two orders of magnitude better than in earlier designs. Thanks to its improved fluorescence confinement, the developed probe could find application in magnetic sensing over extended fiber length, magnetic field mapping or gradiometry.
Adherence Inhibition of Streptococcus mutans: an Assay Reflecting a Possible Role of Antibody in Dental Caries Prophylaxis (1972)

Adherence of cariogenic streptococci to the smooth surfaces of teeth has been shown to lead to plaque formation and ultimately to caries production. This adherence can be reproduced in vitro and requires sucrose in the growth media. The work reported here describes the development of an assay based on the ability of immune rabbit serum to inhibit adherence of Streptococcus mutans 6715 to glass surfaces. Rabbits were immunized with Formalin-killed whole bacteria. Sera were titered for adherence inhibition and bacterial agglutination. The former assay was found to be dependent upon immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibody, whereas the latter detected either IgG or IgM antibodies. These two assays appeared to detect different antigens. It was hypothesized that the adherence inhibition assay detects antibody directed against an enzyme, perhaps dextransucrase, responsible for dextran synthesis, since immune serum was found to inhibit incorporation of radiolabel from (14)C-sucrose into cell wall extract. The adherence inhibition assay has potential application for study of other cariogenic bacteria. Studies are being pursued in the hope that this assay may lead to a means of control of dental caries.
The Flexible FIGO Classification Concept for Underlying Causes of Abnormal Uterine Bleeding (2011)

To this juncture, clinical management, teaching of medical providers, and the design and interpretation of clinical trials has been hampered by the absence of a consensus system for the classification of causes or potential causes of abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB). Indeed, more than one possible mechanism may be involved in the development of the bleeding symptoms experienced by a given individual. A consistent and universally accepted classification system could be used by clinicians, investigators, and even patients to facilitate communication, clinical care, and research. The "PALM-COEIN" AUB classification system is the result of several years of collaboration among a spectrum of individuals involved in clinical medicine, teaching, and the basic and clinical sciences and is proposed as a tool that meets the requirements just described but one that is capable of adaptation to our evolving insight into the mechanisms involved in the genesis of AUB. This system has been accepted by the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) as a suitable system for widespread international use.
Endocrine Functioning and Psychological Disorders (1978)

1Nutrition Consultant, St. Luke's Hospital, New York, New York 2Director, Liaison Service, Montefiore Hospital and Medical Center, New York, New York
Growth and superconductivity of c-axis in-plane aligned YBa2Cu3O7−x films fabricated by the self-template method (1994)

In-plane aligned a-axis oriented and [110] oriented Y1Ba2Cu3O7−x (YBCO) films exhibiting different anisotropic ratio in resistivity were fabricated, respectively, on LaSrGaO4[100] and SrTiO3[110] substrates by the self-template method. The anisotropic properties of the a-axis films as studied by resistivity and thermoelectric power measurements are believed to reflect the anisotropy intrinsic to the YBCO system. The measured anisotropic properties of the a-axis films exhibiting anisotropy ratio ≳8 in resistivity and of the as-deposited [110] films were found to be related to cracks and the rough surface of these films. Furthermore, high-resolution microscopy revealed that a-axis film growth by our self-template method is dependent on the kinetics of the deposition process.
Electric Source Imaging in Temporal Lobe Epilepsy (2004)

The objective of this study was to determine the validity of interictal spike (IIS) source localization in temporal lobe epilepsies (TLE) using stereoelectroencephalography as a validating method. Twenty patients with drug-resistant TLE were studied with high-resolution EEG and stereoelectroencephalography. Sixty-four scalp channels, a realistic head model, and different algorithms were used. For each patient, the intracerebral interictal distribution was studied and classified into one of three groups: L (mainly lateral), ML (mediolateral), and M (medial). In group L (three patients), surface IIS were recorded with a high signal-to-noise ratio. Source localizations designated all or part of the intracerebral interictal distribution. In group ML (11 patients), 8 patients had surface IIS, only 5 of which were localizable. High-resolution EEG permitted localization of the more lateral portion and definition of its rostrocaudal extension. A common pattern was identified in three patients with a predominant role of the temporal pole. In group M (six patients), four patients had rare surface IIS, none of which were localizable. Surface EEG does not record IIS limited to medial temporal lobe structures. In TLE with a mediolateral or a lateral interictal distribution, only the lateral component is detectable on surface EEG and accurately localizable by source localization tools.
CAN+: A new backward-compatible Controller Area Network (CAN) protocol with up to 16&#x00D7; higher data rates. (2009)

As the number of electronic components in automobiles steadily increases, the demand for higher communication bandwidth also rises dramatically. Instead of installing new wiring harnesses and new bus structures, it would be useful, if already available structures could be used, but driven at higher data rates. In this paper, we a) propose an extension of the well-known Controller Area Network (CAN) called CAN+ with which the target rate of 1Mbit/s can be increased up to 16 times. Moreover, b) existing CAN hardware and devices not dedicated to these boosted data rates can still be used without interferences on communication. The major idea is a change of the protocol. In particular, we exploit the fact that data could be sent in time slots, where CAN-conform nodes don't listen. Finally, c) an implementation of this type of overclocking scheme on an FPGA is provided to prove the feasibility and the impressive throughput gains.
S191. INVESTIGATION OF THE PREVALENCE OF COPY NUMBER VARIANT SYNDROMES IN A LARGE SCHIZOPHRENIA COHORT (2018)

Many rare genetic syndromes are known to phenotypically manifest with psychiatric symptoms that can be indistinguishable from primary psychiatric disorders. While the majority of ongoing research in psychiatric genetics has been dedicated to the identification and characterization of genes involved in primary psychiatric disorders, there has been a lack of research to determine the extent to which rare genetic variants contribute to the overall psychiatric disease load. In our study, we aim to investigate the prevalence of clinically well-characterized pathogenic copy number variant (CNV) syndromes that are associated with neuropsychiatric phenotypes in a large schizophrenia patient cohort. DNA from 348 schizophrenia patients recruited at the Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH) (Toronto, Canada) was run on the Affymetrix SNP Array 6. 0. CNVs were called using two algorithms (Canary Software and PennCNV) for deletions >200 kb and duplications >500 kb. CNVs called by both algorithms were included in further analysis. All CNVs were individually assessed to determine overlap with known, clinically well-characterized CNV syndromes with the use of the UCSC Genome Browser, DECIPHER GRCh37, and GeneReviews® databases. A total of 861 deletions and 171 duplications were called on 348 schizophrenia patients. In-depth analysis revealed a total of 16 schizophrenia patients with significant deletions. Microdeletions associated with known syndromes that were identified include: 16p11.2-p12.2 (n=1), 16p13.11 (n=3), 17p11.2 (n=2), 22q11.2 (n=5), 1p36 (n=4), and 5q35.3 (n=1). Analysis for pathogenic microduplications is ongoing. We observed a greater than expected number of syndromic microdeletions amongst the schizophrenia cohort (16/348, 4.6%), particularly CNVs already hypothesized or known to be associated with neurodevelopmental disorders. Screening for these rare genetic disorders could lead to better understanding of the pathophysiology of psychiatric disorders, as well as the prevalence of these syndromic CNVs within various psychiatric population subtypes. Correctly identifying syndromic CNVs within psychiatric populations can improve patient prognosis. Further analyses will be undertaken to define specific genes contained within the implicated CNV regions to better characterize potential genetic effects on the phenotypic presentation of SCZ patients.
Characterization of unusual stacking faults and dislocations in the massive γm-phase in a quenched Ti–46 at% Al alloy (1998)

Transmission electron microscopy was used to characterize stacking faults and dislocations observed in the massive gamma (γm) phase formed in a Ti–46 at% Al alloy quenched from the α-phase field. The results reveal that 12〈101〉 unit dislocations and stacking faults bound by 16〈121〉 Shockley partial of all possible types, were present in the γm phase. In addition, antiphase boundaries were found to commence or terminate on the 12〈101] unit dislocations and on the stacking faults at the partial dislocations with b=16〈121], but not those with b=16〈112]. These results are presented and discussed.