gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
SOI for a 1-volt CMOS technology and application to a 512 Kb SRAM with 3.5 ns access time (2002)

In this paper a CMOS technology that is optimum for low voltage (in the I-volt range) applications is presented. Thin but undepleted SOI is used as the substrate, which gives low junction capacitance and no body effect. Furthermore floating body effects causes a reduction of subthreshold slope at high drain bias. This lowers the high-V/sub DS/ threshold to be used, which increases the current drive without significant increase in the off-current. This technology was applied to a high performance 512 Kb SRAM. Access time of 3.5 ns at 1 V was obtained.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Detection of cation-specific conformational changes in ribosomal RNA by gel electrophoresis (1975)

Electrophoresis of ribosomal RNA in polyacrylamide-agrose composite gels separates 16S and 23S species into multiple bands. These bands of RNA represent multiple conformational forms of the molecules as judged by oligonucleotide analysis of the 16S RNA. Gel elctrophoresis was used to test for cation-specific conformational changes in ribosomal RNA. Relative to magnesium-equilibrated RNA, barium ion and putrescine induced alterations in the electrophoretic behavior of ribosomal RNA while calcium ion produced no change. Exchange of a critical level of bound magnesium ion for barium or putrescine was necessary for these changes to take place. The alterations in electrophoretic behavior were unaffected by simply restoring magnesium ion, but in addition required heating for reversal. We suggest that these conformational changes are a result of interaction at a specific class of cation binding sites previously observed with intact ribosomes.
Considerations in the Design of a RAID Prototype (1988)

Disk drive arrays are receiving attention from computer researchers looking for higher performance mass storage. RAID (Redundant Array of Inexpensive Disks) appears to offer benefits over storage systems based on large format disks. This paper investigates disk drive and disk support hardware failures as factors in the data integrity of RAID. Through the use of redundancy in the disk array, support hardware failures can be eliminated as a major factor in the data integrity of RAID. This paper also presents some practical considerations in the design of a RAID prototype and discusses how such a prototype could be constructed at Berkeley in the near future. The prototype will most likely be based on 5.25 inch disk drives and the Small Computer System Interface (SCSI) bus
Airway autoimmunity and response to a 14-day course of oral corticosteroids in patients with severe eosinophilic asthma (2020)

<b>Background:</b> Recent studies have suggested airway autoimmunity underlying persistent eosinophilia in prednisone-dependent severe asthma. <i>In vitro</i> studies report autoantibody (aAb)-mediated eosinophilia unresponsive to corticosteroids. <b>Aim:</b> To determine the treatment (Rx) response of oral corticosteroids (OCS, prednisolone) on eosinophil suppression in autoimmune-prone asthmatic airways, without the confounder of patients already on OCS. <b>Methods:</b> We evaluated 23 eosinophilic (≥3% sputum eosinophils) patients with severe asthma (per ERS/ATS guidelines) not maintained on OCS, post 14 days of 37.5mg prednisolone. Anti-eosinophil peroxidase (EPX) IgG was measured in the sputa (ELISA) as a marker of airway autoimmunity and compared with clinical measures of eosinophilia pre- and post Rx. <b>Results:</b> Five (21.7%) patients tested positive for anti-EPX IgG. This subgroup had significantly higher blood eosinophil counts (median 0.70 x 10<sup>9</sup>/L (range 0.38–2.40) vs. 0.27 (0.08–0.75), p=0.0019), sputum free eosinophil granules (FEGs) (median 3.00 (range 2.00–3.00) vs. 0.00 (0.00-2.00), p&lt;0.001) and a trend towards higher sputum eosinophils (p=0.12) at baseline compared with patients with low/no anti-EPX IgG. Post Rx, reduction in blood and sputum eosinophils was comparable (p&lt;0.001 for both groups and p=0.62 and p=0.32 across groups) while anti-EPX titers were suppressed in 4/5 patients. <b>Conclusions:</b> We detected sputum aAbs in a subgroup of severe asthma patients (not on daily OCS) with blood eosinophilia and airway eosinophil activity (FEGs). Our data suggests that airway autoimmune responses in severe asthma may be curbed by a course of prednisolone with concurrent suppression of eosinophilia.
Etude par diffusion de la lumière de la polydispersité résiduelle des polymères fractionnés (1968)

The general trend of the theoretical results obtained by Tung on simulated fractionations is verified experimentally, showing that the sharpness of the fractions and the variation of the sharpness in the different fractions of a given fractionation are very much dependent on the fractionation conditions and especially on the polymer starting concentration. For very low starting concentration, the middle fractions can be considered as being monodisperse as far as polydispersity detection by light scattering is concerned. The ratio [Formula: see text] for these fractions can be used as a reference for polydispersity characterization of other samples of the same polymer. The comparison of this ratio to the same ratio obtained on a polydisperse sample yields [Formula: see text]. Results obtained in this way for a moderately sharp fractionation are in good accord with the theoretical predictions of Tung.
Interferometric transmission probing with coded mutual intensity (2020)

We introduce a new interferometric imaging methodology that we term interferometry with coded mutual intensity, which allows selectively imaging photon paths based on attributes such as their length and endpoints. At the core of our methodology is a new technical result that shows that manipulating the spatial coherence properties of the light source used in an interferometric system is equivalent, through a Fourier transform, to implementing light path probing patterns. These patterns can be applied to either the coherent transmission matrix, or the incoherent light transport matrix describing the propagation of light in a scene. We test our theory by building a prototype inspired by the Michelson interferometer, extended to allow for programmable phase and amplitude modulation of the illumination injected in the interferometer. We use our prototype to perform experiments such as visualizing complex fields, capturing direct and global transport components, acquiring light transport matrices, and performing anisotropic descattering, both in steady-state imaging and, by combining our technique with optical coherence tomography, in transient imaging.
Evidence for a Role of Oxidative Stress in the Carcinogenicity of Ochratoxin A (2011)

The in vitro and in vivo evidence compatible with a role for oxidative stress in OTA carcinogenicity has been collected and described. Several potential oxido-reduction mechanisms have been identified in the past. More recently, the possibility of a reduction of cellular antioxidant defense has been raised as an indirect source of oxidative stress. Consequences resulting from the production of oxidative stress are observed at different levels. First, OTA exposure has been associated with increased levels of oxidative DNA, lipid, and protein damage. Second, various biological processes known to be mobilized under oxidative stress were shown to be altered by OTA. These effects have been observed in both in vitro and in vivo test systems. In vivo, active doses were often within doses documented to induce renal tumors in rats. In conclusion, the evidence for the induction of an oxidative stress response resulting from OTA exposure can be considered strong. Because the contribution of the oxidative stress response in the development of cancers is well established, a role in OTA carcinogenicity is plausible. Altogether, the data reviewed above support the application of a threshold-based approach to establish safe level of dietary human exposure to OTA.
Etude des propriétés de nanoparticules de LiCoO2 en suspension pour une application redox-flow microfluidique (2017)

The aim of this work is to make a redox-flow battery that runs on lithium insertion material suspensions in order to increase the energy density of such systems. The use of microfluidic technics allows to solve the issues and limitations of ion exchange membrane by removing them. In the first part controlled size LiCoO2 nanoparticles are synthesized by hydrothermal route and dispersed into suspensions. The aggregation state of these suspensions are investigated using diffusion light scattering and transmission electronic cryoscopy. Rheological properties were also characterized for redox-flow use. The electronic transfer between a particle in suspension and the flow cell electrodes is crucial for their performances. This transfer is studied in the second part using the single event collision technic which consist of isolating individual aggregate electrochemical response at the surface of an ultramicroelectrode. This approach allows an extensive investigation of suspensions aggregates size, mobility and insertion reaction kinetic. Finally this works propose to replace the conventional ion exchange membrane by the mean of microfluidic technics. In co-laminar condition the fluid interface acts as a separation membrane to create a membrane-less redox-flow battery. The last part focuses on the fabrication of microfluidic cells and the behavior of suspensions in micro-channels.
STAR: an integrated solution to management and visualization of sequencing data (2013)

STAR browser system is freely available on the web at http://wanglab.ucsd.edu/star/browser and https://github.com/angell1117/STAR-genome-browser.
THE UPPER PALAEOLITHIC OF NORTH CHINA: THE XIACHUAN CULTURE (2000)

A rich assemblage of typical Late Palaeolithic stone tools was found at the Xiachuan Culture sites in Shanxi Province, China. The greyish-brown soil layer in the upper part of Stratum I (radiocarbon dated to ca. 20,000 b.p. or earlier) at the site of Fuyihe yielded a large amount of Xiachuan Culture lithics. The Xiachuan assemblage is representative of the Late Palaeolithic in North-Central China, and it includes blade cores and various microblade cores, burins, backed blades, scrapers, flakes, and cores. The microblade cores are of two principal types: wedge-shaped and conical. There are also some large stone implements such as adze-shaped objects, stone hammers, stone grinding slabs, and stone bowls. This article distinguishes six classes of Xiachuan burins.
Quantitative Determination of Carbon Suboxide by Gas Chromatography (1962)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTQuantitative Determination of Carbon Suboxide by Gas ChromatographyT. J. Hirt and H. B. PalmerCite this: Anal. Chem. 1962, 34, 1, 164Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1962Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1962https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60181a001RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views77Altmetric-Citations4LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (136 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Accelerating Evolution Through Gene Masking and Distributed Search (2023)

In building practical applications of evolutionary computation (EC), two optimizations are essential. First, the parameters of the search method need to be tuned to the domain in order to balance exploration and exploitation effectively. Second, the search method needs to be distributed to take advantage of parallel computing resources. This paper presents BLADE (BLAnket Distributed Evolution) as an approach to achieving both goals simultaneously. BLADE uses blankets (i.e., masks on the genetic representation) to tune the evolutionary operators during the search, and implements the search through hub-and-spoke distribution. In the paper, (1) the blanket method is formalized for the (1 + 1)EA case as a Markov chain process. Its effectiveness is then demonstrated by analyzing dominant and subdominant eigenvalues of stochastic matrices, suggesting a generalizable theory; (2) the fitness-level theory is used to analyze the distribution method; and (3) these insights are verified experimentally on three benchmark problems, showing that both blankets and distribution lead to accelerated evolution. Moreover, a surprising synergy emerges between them: When combined with distribution, the blanket approach achieves more than n-fold speedup with n clients in some cases. The work thus highlights the importance and potential of optimizing evolutionary computation in practical applications.
Isolation ofSalmonella entericaSerotype Newport from a Partly Ruptured Splenic Abscess in a Traveler Returning from Zanzibar (2007)

Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serotype Newport is a pathogen of growing importance because of its epidemic spread in dairy cattle and increasing rate of antimicrobial resistance. Human infections, however, are rare. We report a case of a splenic abscess in a young traveler returning from East Africa.
Graded bioassay for demonstration of brain rescue from experimental acute ischemia in rats. (1994)

Analysis of the changes of infarct size after increasing durations of ischemia indicates that although both were protective, the two treatments tested may exhibit different profiles of efficacy. This method of analyzing ischemia-induced damage may be very sensitive for studying the efficacy and possible clinical use of neuronal protective therapies for hyperacute stroke.
Coil Pulsers for Radar (1946)

Radar systems in current use radiate short bursts of energy developed by pulsing a high-frequency generator, usually a magnetron. One means of developing the requisite impulses employs a non-linear coil and is termed a coil pulser. Such pulsers are found in substantial numbers among the Navy's complement of precision radars. Most fire control radars on surface vessels are equipped with them, and all modern radar installations on submarines are so equipped for search and for torpedo control.
Prevalence of Stroke in the General Population (1996)

The present study provides valid age- and sex-specific estimates of prevalence of stroke. A substantial proportion of patients with stroke is not hospitalized.
Effects of dynamic-range compression on temporal acuity (2015)

Some of the challenges that hearing-aid listeners experience with speech perception in complex acoustic environments may originate from limitations in the temporal processing of sounds. To systematically investigate the influence of hearing impairment and hearing-aid signal processing on temporal processing, temporal modulation transfer functions (TMTFs) and “supra-threshold” modulation-depth discrimination (MDD) thresholds were obtained in normal-hearing (NH) and hearing-impaired (HI) listeners with and without wide-dynamic range compression (WDRC). The TMTFs were obtained using tonal carriers of 1 and 5 kHz and modulation frequencies from 8 to 256 Hz. MDD thresholds were obtained using a reference modulation depth of -15 dB. A compression ratio of 2:1 was chosen. The attack and release time constants were 10 and 60 ms, respectively. For both carrier frequencies the TMTF thresholds decreased with the physical compression of the modulation depth due to the WDRC. Indications of reduced temporal resolution in the HI listeners were observed in the TMTF patterns for the 5 kHz carrier. Significantly higher MDD thresholds were found for the HI group relative to the NH group. No relationship was found between the MDD thresholds and the TMTF threshold. These findings indicate that the two measures may represent different aspects of temporal processing.
Crystallization of poly(ethylene terephthalate)/polycarbonate blends. II. The effects of fiber reinforcement (1996)

The effect of fiber reinforcement on the crystallization of poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) in blends of PET and polycarbonate (PC) is determined using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Isothermal crystallization rate of PET in PET/PC blends (80% and 60% PET by weight) is depressed as a result of Kevlar 49 and glass fiber reinforcement. In contrast, the crystallization rate of the same PET (no PC present) is enhanced by the Kevlar. The degree of crystallinity and melting temperature of PET in fiber-reinforced PET/PC is also depressed relative to that of unreinforced PET/PC and fiber-reinforced PET. These results show that there is a significant interaction between the effects of fiber reinforcement and of the PC component on the crystallization of PET in PET/PC composites. The PET/PC blends studied display two glass transition temperatures, characteristic of an immiscible blend. When glass fibers are used as the reinforcing phase, the Tg of PET is depressed. Optical microscopy observations are also consistent with an immiscible blend. When Kevlar fibers lie in a crystallizable (PET) domain, crystallites are densely nucleated on the fiber surface to induce transcrystallinity. Glass fibers produce less densely nucleated surface crystals in these systems. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
La Crosse Bunyavirus Nonstructural Protein NSs Serves To Suppress the Type I Interferon System of Mammalian Hosts (2007)

La Crosse virus (LACV) is a mosquito-transmitted member of the Bunyaviridae family that causes severe encephalitis in children. For the LACV nonstructural protein NSs, previous overexpression studies with mammalian cells had suggested two different functions, namely induction of apoptosis and inhibition of RNA interference (RNAi). Here, we demonstrate that mosquito cells persistently infected with LACV do not undergo apoptosis and mount a specific RNAi response. Recombinant viruses that either express (rLACV) or lack (rLACVdelNSs) the NSs gene similarly persisted and were prone to the RNAi-mediated resistance to superinfection. Furthermore, in mosquito cells overexpressed LACV NSs was unable to inhibit RNAi against Semliki Forest virus. In mammalian cells, however, the rLACVdelNSs mutant virus strongly activated the antiviral type I interferon (IFN) system, whereas rLACV as well as overexpressed NSs suppressed IFN induction. Consequently, rLACVdelNSs was attenuated in IFN-competent mouse embryo fibroblasts and animals but not in systems lacking the type I IFN receptor. In situ analyses of mouse brains demonstrated that wild-type and mutant LACV mainly infect neuronal cells and that NSs is able to suppress IFN induction in the central nervous system. Thus, our data suggest little relevance of the NSs-induced apoptosis or RNAi inhibition for growth or pathogenesis of LACV in the mammalian host and indicate that NSs has no function in the insect vector. Since deletion of the viral NSs gene can be fully complemented by inactivation of the host's IFN system, we propose that the major biological function of NSs is suppression of the mammalian innate immune response.
Methylation of γ-Carboxylated Glu (Gla) Allows Detection by Liquid Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry and the Identification of Gla Residues in the γ-Glutamyl Carboxylase (2012)

γ-Carboxylated Glu (Gla) is a post-translational modification required for the activity of vitamin K-dependent (VKD) proteins that has been difficult to study by mass spectrometry due to the properties of this negatively charged residue. Gla is generated by a single enzyme, the γ-glutamyl carboxylase, which has broad biological impact because VKD proteins have diverse functions that include hemostasis, apoptosis, and growth control. The carboxylase also contains Glas, of unknown function, and is an integral membrane protein with poor sequence coverage. To locate these Glas, we first established methods that resulted in high coverage (92%) of uncarboxylated carboxylase. Subsequent analysis of carboxylated carboxylase identified a Gla peptide (729-758) and a missing region (625-647) that was detected in uncarboxylated carboxylase. We therefore developed an approach to methylate Gla, which efficiently neutralized Gla and improved mass spectrometric analysis. Methylation eliminated CO2 loss from Gla, increased the ionization of Gla-containing peptide, and appeared to facilitate trypsin digestion. Methylation of a carboxylated carboxylase tryptic digest identified Glas in the 625-647 peptide. These studies provide valuable information for testing the function of carboxylase carboxylation. The methylation approach for studying Gla by mass spectrometry is an important advance that will be broadly applicable to analyzing other VKD proteins.
Assessment of bacterial diversity in western Accra, Ghana, drinking water samples (2019)

Abstract The design and performance characteristics of municipal drinking water systems can profoundly influence public health. To assess the operational attributes of an Accra, Ghana drinking water distribution system, high-throughput 454 pyrosequencing was employed to characterize its bacterial community composition. Samples from the waterworks and four household sources (one household tap and three polytank storage units) were analyzed within one of the Accra's distribution networks over a 4-month period. Samples provided between 9,059 and 20,076 reads (average = 13,056) that represented a broad range of bacterial diversity, including rare genera. Minimum Entropy Decomposition (MED) analysis showed that the sequences described four major assemblages. Assemblages 1 and 2 dominated the waterworks and household tap samples while polytank storage unit samples, with one exception, contained assemblages 3 or 4. The considerable bacterial taxonomic difference between different sources suggests that contamination and/or selective growth shapes bacterial community structures after treatment at the waterworks. Of particular interest are the major differences between the polytank samples following storage and the tap/waterworks samples, suggesting that water storage (stagnation) can select for unique microbial populations.
Copper Does Not Induce Tenogenic Differentiation but Promotes Migration and Increases Lysyl Oxidase Activity in Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stromal Cells (2020)

Copper sulfate supplementation can have a beneficial effect on tendon regeneration not by inducing tenogenic differentiation, but by improving the recruitment of MSCs to the site of injury, where they can secrete growth factors, cytokines and chemokines, and prevent the effects of oxidative stress at the site of inflammation, as well as improve the stabilization of collagen fibers, thereby accelerating the process of tendon healing.
SARS-CoV-2 infection in farmed minks, the Netherlands, April and May 2020 (2020)

Respiratory disease and increased mortality occurred in minks on two farms in the Netherlands, with interstitial pneumonia and SARS-CoV-2 RNA in organ and swab samples. On both farms, at least one worker had coronavirus disease-associated symptoms before the outbreak. Variations in mink-derived viral genomes showed between-mink transmission and no infection link between the farms. Inhalable dust contained viral RNA, indicating possible exposure of workers. One worker is assumed to have attracted the virus from mink.