gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Pilot testing of a haptic feedback rehabilitation system on a lower-limb amputee (2009)

Lower-limb amputation, whether by trauma or complication of another condition, affects more than 800,000 people in the United States alone. These patient groups typically suffer from decreased mobility and an increased incidence of injury due to fall, even with the application of prosthetic limbs. A haptic feedback system prototype was previously developed to provide augmentative sensory information to patients suffering from total or attenuated lower-limb sensory loss. By providing tactile cues to the user based on plantar pressure distributions, it is hoped that this system can improve rehabilitation and functional outcomes following lower-limb injury. This paper presents an updated system that was fitted to the residual limb of a below-knee amputee, as well as a pilot study using the device. The pilot study demonstrated that the amputee could accurately perceive various tactile stimuli with high accuracy (Gt 87.5%), therefore indicating that the approach is feasible.
A Robust Thresholding Method With Applications To Brain Mr Image Segmentation (2006)

Publication in the conference proceedings of EUSIPCO, Florence, Italy, 2006
A Novel Blaschke Unwinding Adaptive Fourier Decomposition based Signal Compression Algorithm with Application on ECG Signals (2018)

This paper presents a novel signal compression algorithm based on the Blaschke unwinding adaptive Fourier decomposition (AFD). The Blaschke unwinding AFD is a newly developed signal decomposition theory. It utilizes the Nevanlinna factorization and the maximal selection principle in each decomposition step, and achieves a faster convergence rate with higher fidelity. The proposed compression algorithm is applied to the electrocardiogram signal. To assess the performance of the proposed compression algorithm, in addition to the generic assessment criteria, we consider the less discussed criteria related to the clinical needs -- for the heart rate variability analysis purpose, how accurate the R peak information is preserved is evaluated. The experiments are conducted on the MIT-BIH arrhythmia benchmark database. The results show that the proposed algorithm performs better than other state-of-the-art approaches. Meanwhile, it also well preserves the R peak information.
EFFECTS OF CELL MEMBRANES WITH AND WITHOUT ANTILYMPHOCYTE SERUM ON SKIN AND HEART ALLOGRAFT SURVIVAL (1972)

Intact rat lymphoid cells, and membranes derived from them, were found to be equivalent in their ability to bind alloantibody (Ag-B1 anti-Ag-B4) and to prime for second-set rejection of both skin and heart allografts (Ag-B4 → Ag-B1). High titers of cytotoxic antibody were produced in response to whole cells but not to membranes. Injection of cell membranes, in conjunction with antilymphoeyte serum (ALS), resulted in production of non-complement-fixing (CF) antibody and prolongation of graft survival when membrane injection preceded graft placement by 4 days. Grafts placed immediately after a series of membrane injections were rejected in first-set fashion and non-CF antibody levels were drastically reduced. We infer that this non-CF antibody is enhancing antibody and that its preferential stimulation is the result of handling by the host of membranes in a manner different from that of whole cells.
High-throughput biophysical measurement of human red blood cells (2012)

This paper reports a microfluidic system for biophysical characterization of red blood cells (RBCs) at a speed of 100-150 cells s(-1). Electrical impedance measurement is made when single RBCs flow through a constriction channel that is marginally smaller than RBCs' diameters. The multiple parameters quantified as mechanical and electrical signatures of each RBC include transit time, impedance amplitude ratio, and impedance phase increase. Histograms, compiled from 84,073 adult RBCs (from 5 adult blood samples) and 82,253 neonatal RBCs (from 5 newborn blood samples), reveal different biophysical properties across samples and between the adult and neonatal RBC populations. In comparison with previously reported microfluidic devices for single RBC biophysical measurement, this system has a higher throughput, higher signal to noise ratio, and the capability of performing multi-parameter measurements.
Catalytic N2-to-NH3 Conversion by Fe at Lower Driving Force: A Proposed Role for Metallocene-Mediated PCET (2017)

We have recently reported on several Fe catalysts for N<sub>2</sub>-to-NH<sub>3</sub> conversion that operate at low temperature (-78 °C) and atmospheric pressure while relying on a very strong reductant (KC<sub>8</sub>) and acid ([H(OEt<sub>2</sub>)<sub>2</sub>][BAr<sup>F</sup><sub>4</sub>]). Here we show that our original catalyst system, P<sub>3</sub><sup>B</sup>Fe, achieves both significantly improved efficiency for NH<sub>3</sub> formation (up to 72% for e<sup>-</sup> delivery) and a comparatively high turnover number for a synthetic molecular Fe catalyst (84 equiv of NH<sub>3</sub> per Fe site), when employing a significantly weaker combination of reductant (Cp*<sub>2</sub>Co) and acid ([Ph<sub>2</sub>NH<sub>2</sub>][OTf] or [PhNH<sub>3</sub>][OTf]). Relative to the previously reported catalysis, freeze-quench Mössbauer spectroscopy under turnover conditions suggests a change in the rate of key elementary steps; formation of a previously characterized off-path borohydrido-hydrido resting state is also suppressed. Theoretical and experimental studies are presented that highlight the possibility of protonated metallocenes as discrete PCET reagents under the present (and related) catalytic conditions, offering a plausible rationale for the increased efficiency at reduced driving force of this Fe catalyst system.
Quantitation of TGF‐β1 mRNA in porcine mesangial cells by comparative kinetic RT/PCR: Comparison with ribonuclease protection assay and in situ hybridization (2001)

Gene expression can be examined with different techniques including ribonuclease protection assay (RPA), in situ hybridisation (ISH), and quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT/PCR). These methods differ considerably in their sensitivity and precision in detecting and quantifying low abundance mRNA. Although there is evidence that RT/PCR can be performed in a quantitative manner, the quantitative capacity of this method is generally underestimated. To demonstrate that the comparative kinetic RT/PCR strategy-which uses a housekeeping gene as internal standard-is a quantitative method to detect significant differences in mRNA levels between different samples, the inhibitory effect of heparin on phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA)-induced-TGF-beta1 mRNA expression was evaluated by RT/PCR and RPA, the standard method of mRNA quantification, and the results were compared. The reproducibility of RT/PCR amplification was calculated by comparing the quantity of G3PDH and TGF-beta1 PCR products, generated during the exponential phases, estimated from two different RT/PCR (G3PDH, r = 0.968, P = 0.0000; TGF-beta1, r = 0.966, P = 0.0000). The quantitative capacity of comparative kinetic RT/PCR was demonstrated by comparing the results obtained from RPA and RT/PCR using linear regression analysis. Starting from the same RNA extraction, but using only 1% of the RNA for the RT/PCR compared to RPA, significant correlation was observed (r = 0.984, P = 0.0004). Moreover the morphometric analysis of ISH signal was applied for the semi-quantitative evaluation of the expression and localisation of TGF-beta1 mRNA in the entire cell population. Our results demonstrate the close similarity of the RT/PCR and RPA methods in giving quantitative information on mRNA expression and indicate the possibility to adopt the comparative kinetic RT/PCR as reliable quantitative method of mRNA analysis.
Oxidation of molybdenum diiodide and triiodide (1986)

This paper studies the oxidation of molybdenum diiodide and triiodide during heating in air. Appraisable values were obtained for the enthalpy of oxidation and enthalpy of formation of the solid iodides. The typical TGA and DTA curves for iodide oxidation are shown. The diiodide of molybdenum is stable in air to 480 K, but oxidizes in the range 480-760 K. The oxidation process is accompanied by heat evolution and a decrease in mass. The ultimate oxidation product is molybdenum trioxide. The compound MoI/sub 3/ is stable in air up to 325 K.
Panic! at the Disks: First Rest-frame Optical Observations of Galaxy Structure at z > 3 with JWST in the SMACS 0723 Field (2022)

Abstract We present early results regarding the morphological and structural properties of galaxies seen with the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) at z &gt; 3 in the Early Release Observations toward the SMACS 0723 cluster field. Using JWST we investigate, for the first time, the optical morphologies of a significant number of z &gt; 3 galaxies with accurate photometric redshifts in this field to determine the form of galaxy structure in the relatively early universe. We use visual morphologies and M orfometryka measures to perform quantitative morphology measurements, both parametric with light profile fitting (Sérsic indices) and nonparametric (concentration, asymmetry, and smoothness (CAS) values). Using these, we measure the relative fraction of disk, spheroidal, and peculiar galaxies at 3 &lt; z &lt; 8. We discover the surprising result that at z &gt; 1.5 disk galaxies dominate the overall fraction of morphologies, with a factor of ∼10 relative higher number of disk galaxies than seen by the Hubble Space Telescope at these redshifts. Our visual morphological estimates of galaxies align closely with their locations in CAS parameter space and their Sérsic indices.
Head direction cells recorded in the anterior thalamic nuclei of freely moving rats (1995)

Previous studies have identified neurons in the postsubiculum which discharge as a function of the animal's head direction in the horizontal plane, independent of its behavior and location in the environment. Anatomical studies have shown that the postsubiculum contains reciprocal connections with the anterior thalamic nuclei (ATN). In order to determine how the head direction (HD) cell signal is processed in the brain, single-unit recordings were monitored in the ATN of freely moving rats in order to characterize their behavioral and spatial correlates. Animals were trained to retrieve food pellets thrown randomly into a cylindrical apparatus containing a single orientation cue. Single unit recordings in the ATN showed that approximately 60% of the recorded cells discharged in relation to the animal's head direction in the horizontal plane. Observation of the animal and quantitative analyses showed that HD cell firing was not dependent on the animal's behavior, trunk position, linear speed, angular head velocity, or location in the environment. Most of these cells were localized to the anterior dorsal thalamic nucleus. Each HD cell contained only one head direction at which the cell discharged maximally and the firing rate decreased linearly away from this preferred direction. The preferred firing directions from all cells recorded were distributed over a 360 degrees range. Quantitative analysis showed that these cells contained similar discharge parameters (peak firing rate, directional firing range) to values reported previously for postsubicular HD cells (Taube et al., 1990a). Experiments involving rotation of the orientation cue showed that the preferred firing direction could be controlled by a salient visual cue. In contrast to postsubicular HD cells, passive rotation of a restrained animal showed that most ATN HD cells ceased discharging when the animal's head was oriented in the preferred direction. These findings demonstrate the presence of HD cells in the ATN and indicate the potential importance of this area for spatial navigation. The origin of the head direction signal is discussed and it is concluded that because of the presence of reciprocal connections between the postsubiculum and the ATN, further studies are required in order to determine the direction in which this head-directional information is flowing. Finally, ATN HD cells differ from postsubicular HD cells by appearing to require volitional motoric input.
Synthesis of a Library of 11C-Carbonyl-labelled Irreversibly Binding EGFr Inhibitors as Potential Biomarkers for Tumours (2009)

This work deals with radiochemistry and new approaches to develop novel PET tracers labelled with the radionuclide 11C.Two methods for the synthesis of 11C-labelled acrylamides have been explored. First, [1-11C]-acrylic acid was obtained from a palladium(0)-mediated 11C-carboxylation of acetylene with [11C]carbon monoxide; this could be converted to the corresponding acyl chloride and then combined with benzylamine to form N-benzyl[carbonyl-11C]acrylamide. In the second method, the palladium(0)-mediated carbonylation of vinyl halides with [11C]carbon monoxide was explored. This latter method, yielded labelled acrylamides in a single step with retention of configuration at the C=C double bond, and required less amine compared to the acetylene method.The vinyl halide method was used to synthesize a library of 11C-labelled EGFr-inhibitors in 7-61% decay corrected radiochemical yield via a combinatorial approach. The compounds were designed to target either the active or the inactive form of EGFr, following computational docking studies.The rhodium(I)-mediated carbonylative cross-coupling of an azide and an amine was shown to be a very general reaction and was used to synthesize a library of dual VEGFr-2/PDGFrβ inhibitors that were 11C-labelled at the urea position in 38-78% dc rcy.The angiotensin II AT1 receptor antagonist eprosartan was 11C-labelled at one of the carboxyl groups in one step using a palladium(0)-mediated carboxylation. Autoradiography shows specific binding in rat kidney, lung and adrenal cortex, and organ distribution shows a high accumulation in the intestines, kidneys and liver. Specific binding in frozen sections of human adrenal incidentalomas warrants further investigations of this tracer.Three angiotensin II AT2 ligands were 11C-labelled at the amide group in a palladium(0)-mediated aminocarbonylation in 16-36% dc rcy. One of the compounds was evaluated using in vitro using autoradiography, and in vivo using organ distribution and animal PET. The compound was metabolized fast and excreted via urine. High radioactivity was also found in the liver, meaning that more metabolically stable compounds are desirable for future development.
An Automated Implementation of a Cantilever Calibration Technique for Heavy Fluid Loading Environments (2009)

In a recently submitted paper, a technique is presented for the force calibration of atomic force microscopy (AFM) cantilevers under heavy fluid loading conditions, such as those commonly found in liquid environments. A Matlab program had been made available that automates this technique. In this paper, the analysis performed by this program is explained with specific attention to the details that do not appear in the original description of the calibration technique, but arise in the automated implementation.
[Highlights of Finnish nutrition research]. (2015)

The main focus of Finnish nutritional science has been on the elucidation of causative factors of chronic diseases playing a central role in public health. The research has yielded important data about the population's nutrition, and these data have been utilized through several actions at the population level. The most important achievement is suppression of the epidemic of coronary artery disease, based on strong scientific evidence about the central reasons of the epidemic. Careful planning and implementation of the studies along with large sample sizes improve the reliability of the studies.
Supplementary Figure S5. Trastuzumab produced by oncolytic adenovirus in vivo binds to HER2-positive N87 cancer cells from Oncolytic Adenovirus Expressing Monoclonal Antibody Trastuzumab for Treatment of HER2-Positive Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Serum from mice treated with Ad5/3-Î"24-tras in MDA-MB-436 experiment or commercial trastuzumab was added on HER2-expressing N87 gastric cancer cells, followed by washing and incubation in FITC-conjugated secondary anti-human IgG antibody. Flow cytometry analysis of the washed single cell suspensions showed binding of &lt;i&gt;in vivo&lt;/i&gt; virus-produced trastuzumab to HER2-positive cells (red curve) over background signal (grey curve, secondary antibody alone). Commercial trastuzumab (green curve), used as an &lt;i&gt;in vitro&lt;/i&gt; positive control, showed high fluorescence intensity due to saturation of HER2 binding sites on N87 cells. Of note, virus-produced trastuzumab levels in mouse serum (Fig. 4C) remained ca. 4-fold below the concentration reported for adequate saturation of HER2 binding sites of N87 cells (27), likely contributing to the relatively lower fluorescence intensity than positive control.&lt;/p&gt;
Pharmacological management of agitation in emergency settings (2003)

Atypical antipsychotics such as risperidone, ziprasidone, and olanzapine with or without benzodiazepines should be considered first in the treatment of acute agitation. If these agents are not available the combination of a classic antipsychotic and a benzodiazepine would be a reasonable alternative. An oral treatment should always be offered first for building up an alliance with the patient and suggesting an internal rather than external locus of control.
An improved anti-islanding algorithm for utility interconnection of multiple distributed fuel cell powered generations (2005)

This paper presents an improved anti-islanding algorithm for utility interconnection of multiple distributed fuel cell powered generations (DFPGs). A cross-correlation method is proposed and implemented in conjunction with the anti-islanding algorithm developed in the previous work (C. Jeraputra and P.N. Enjeti, 2004). While the power control algorithm continuously perturbs (plusmn5%) the reactive power supplied by the DFPG, the proposed algorithm calculates the cross-correlation index of a rate of change of the frequency deviation with respect to (plusmn5%) the reactive power to confirm islanding. If this index is above 50%, the algorithm further initiates (plusmn10%) the reactive power perturbation and continues to calculate the correlation index. If the index exceeds 80%, the occurrence of islanding can be confirmed. The proposed method is robust and capable of detecting the occurrence of islanding in the presence of several DFPGs, which are independently operating. Viability of the cross-correlation method is verified by the simulation. Experimental results are presented to support the findings of the proposed method
On the Cramer-Rao lower bound and the performance of synchronizers for (turbo) encoded systems (2005)

We derive the Cramer-Rao bound (CRB) for joint estimation of carrier phase, carrier frequency and timing from a noisy linearly modulated signal with coded data symbols. We obtain a closed-form expression for the CRB in terms of the marginal a posteriori probabilities of the coded symbols, allowing efficient numerical evaluation of the bound. We find that at low SNR, the CRB for coded transmission is considerably smaller than the CRB for uncoded transmission. We show that practical synchronizers that make clever use of the code properties yield a mean-square estimation error that is close to the CRB for coded transmission.
Caloric restriction promotes rapid expansion and long-lasting increase of Lactobacillus in the rat fecal microbiota (2017)

Previous studies indicated that caloric restricted diet enables to lower significantly the risk of cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. In experimental animal models, life-long lasting caloric restriction (CR) was demonstrated to induce changes of the intestinal microbiota composition, regardless of fat content and/or exercise. To explore the potential impact of short and long-term CR treatment on the gut microbiota, we conducted an analysis of fecal microbiota composition in young and adult Fisher 344 rats treated with a low fat feed under ad libitum (AL) or CR conditions (70%). We report here significant changes of the rat fecal microbiota that arise rapidly in young growing animals after short-term administration of a CR diet. In particular, Lactobacillus increased significantly after 8 weeks of CR treatment and its relative abundance was significantly higher in CR vs AL fed animals after 36 weeks of dietary intervention. Taken together, our data suggest that Lactobacillus intestinal colonization is hampered in AL fed young rats compared to CR fed ones, while health-promoting CR diet intervention enables the expansion of this genus rapidly and persistently up to adulthood.
A review of clinical ventricular assist devices (2011)

Given the limited availability of donor hearts, ventricular assist device (VAD) therapy is fast becoming an accepted alternative treatment strategy to treat end-stage heart failure. The field of mechanical ventricular assistance is littered with novel and unique ideas either based on volume displacement or rotary pump technology, which aim to sufficiently restore cardiac output. However, only a select few have made the transition to the clinical arena. Clinical implants were initially dominated by the FDA approved volume displacement Thoratec HeartMate I, IVAD, and PVAD, whilst Berlin Heart's EXCOR, and Abiomed's BVS5000 and AB5000 offered suitable alternatives. However, limitations associated with an inherently large size and reduced lifetime of these devices stimulated the development and subsequent implantation of rotary blood pump (RBP) technology. Almost all of the reviewed RBPs are clinically available in Europe, whilst many are still undergoing clinical trial in the USA. Thoratec's HeartMate II is currently the only rotary device approved by the FDA, and has supported the highest number of patients to date. This pump is joined by MicroMed Cardiovascular's Heart Assist 5 Adult VAD, Jarvik Heart's Jarvik 2000 FlowMaker and Berlin Heart's InCOR as the axial flow devices under investigation in the USA. More recently developed radial flow devices such as WorldHeart's Levacor, Terumo's DuraHeart, and HeartWare's HVAD are increasing in their clinical trial patient numbers. Finally CircuLite's Synergy and Abiomed's Impella are two mixed flow type devices designed to offer partial cardiac support to less sick patients. This review provides a brief overview of the volume displacement and rotary devices which are either clinically available, or undergoing the advanced stages of human clinical trials.
Virus inactivation during production of intravenous immunoglobulin (1991)

The effect of pepsin treatment at pH 4 on the infectivity of several enveloped viruses was assessed under the conditions used during the production of intravenous immunoglobulins. It was shown that the prototypes of four virus families--human immunodeficiency virus (Lentivirinae), herpes simplex virus type 1 and human cytomegalovirus (Herpesviridae), Semliki Forest virus (Togaviridae), and vesicular stomatitis virus (Rhabdoviridae)--were inactivated by this procedure. With vesicular stomatitis virus as a model, the contributions of both low pH and pepsin were demonstrated, and pepsin had a synergistic or additive action.