gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
New Insights into the Fractional Order Diffusion Equation Using Entropy and Kurtosis (2014)

Fractional order derivative operators offer a concise description to model multi-scale, heterogeneous and non-local systems. Specifically, in magnetic resonance imaging, there has been recent work to apply fractional order derivatives to model the non-Gaussian diffusion signal, which is ubiquitous in the movement of water protons within biological tissue. To provide a new perspective for establishing the utility of fractional order models, we apply entropy for the case of anomalous diffusion governed by a fractional order diffusion equation generalized in space and in time. This fractional order representation, in the form of the Mittag-Leffler function, gives an entropy minimum for the integer case of Gaussian diffusion and greater values of spectral entropy for non-integer values of the space and time derivatives. Furthermore, we consider kurtosis, defined as the normalized fourth moment, as another probabilistic description of the fractional time derivative. Finally, we demonstrate the implementation of anomalous diffusion, entropy and kurtosis measurements in diffusion weighted magnetic resonance imaging in the brain of a chronic ischemic stroke patient.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF A MEMBRANE‐MODIFYING NONADECAPEPTIDE ANALOG OF ALAMETHICIN (1979)

Abstract Als synthetische Analoga des membranmodifizierenden Peptidantibioticums Alamethicin (I) wurden die Peptide (IIa), (IIb) und (III) synthetisiert: l. Die Fragmente (IV)‐(VIII) werden nach konventionellen Methoden durch schrittweisen Aufbau dargestellt.
Analytical microbiology methods : chromatography and mass spectrometry (1990)

Analytical Microbiology: A Perspective.- Gas Chromatography and Mass Spectrometry for Analytical Microbiology.- The Chemotaxonomy of Coryneform Organisms: Morphology vs. Chemical Anatomy.- The Use of Cellular Fatty Acids for Identification of Microorganisms.- Profiling and Detection of Bacterial Carbohydrates.- Analysis of Bacterial Amino Acids.- Headspace Analysis by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry of Volatile Organic Compounds Associated with Clostridium Cultures.- Identification of Pathogenic Bacteria by Headspace Gas Chromatography.- High Performance Chromatographic and Spectroscopic Analyses of Mycobacterial Waxes and Glycolipids.- Structural Elucidation of Lipopolysaccharides and their Lipid a Component: Application of Soft Ionization Mass Spectrometry.- Structural Determination of Unsaturated Long Chain Fatty Acids from Mycobacteria by Capillary Gas Chromatography and Collision Activation Dissociation Mass Spectrometry.- Pyrolysis GC/MS Profiling of Chemical Markers for Microorganisms.- Rapid Characterization of Microorganisms by Curie-Point Pyrolysis in Combination with Short-Column Capillary Gas Chromatography and Ion Trap Mass Spectrometry.- Ultrasensitive Determination of Lipid Biomarkers by Gas Chromatography and Mass Spectrometry in Clinical and Ecological Microbiology.- Gas Chromatographic and Mass Spectrometric Techniques for the Diagnosis of Disseminated Candidiasis.- Use of Lipid Biomarkers in Environmental Samples.
The RF Control System of the NAL Accelerator (1971)

The Booster and Main Accelerator RF Systems at NAL share many common devices and have nearly identical control requirements. The equipment for each cavity is controlled and monitored via a Module Interface Unit (MIU). The MIU's, connected to a MAC-16 computer via a 50 ohm parallel daisy chain cable system, serve the dual functions of interfacing the equipment to the computer and of providing facilities for manual control and monitoring of an accelerating module. The MIU is a general interface having the capacity to control 32 and monitor 128 binary lines, control 16 analog channels, and monitor 64 analog channels via an attached Multiplexed A/D Converter (MADC). The assignment of channels to equipment functions may be easily changed at each module. Each of three RF control centers contains a MAC-16 computer, an MIU and MADC for control of non-modular equipment, a timing controller to provide computer-controlled timing signals, and a computer-independent core memory curve generator providing repetitive driving waveforms. Each MAC-16 may be controlled locally using a portable I/O cart containing a teletype, paper tape reader, and control knobs, or from the main control room consoles via serial data links to a Sigma 2 computer.
ChemInform Abstract: Sodium Dithionite Reduction of 1‐(2‐(3‐Indolyl)ethyl)pyridinium Salts: Formation of a 1,2‐Dihydropyridine Derivative via the Corresponding 1, 4‐Dihydropyridine Derivative. (1991)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Phase I Study of Single, Escalating Doses of a Superantigen–Antibody Fusion Protein (PNU-214565) in Patients With Advanced Colorectal or Pancreatic Carcinoma (2000)

To develop a T-cell-based therapy for carcinomas, the superantigen staphylococcal enterotoxin A (SEA) was supplied with tumor specificity by means of a recombinant fusion of the Fab fragment of the monoclonal antibody C242 recognizing human colorectal (CRC) and pancreatic carcinomas (PC). Using this Fab-SEA fusion protein (PNU-214565), potent cytotoxicity by activation of T cells can be obtained in the targeted area. Twenty-one patients with CRC and 3 with PC were treated with single, escalating doses of PNU-214565 to establish the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) and to define toxicities. The doses ranged from 0.01 ng/kg to 4.0 ng/kg with three patients at each dose level, except for the dose of 1.5 ng/kg with which six patients were treated because of dose-limiting toxicity. Adverse events (AE) were transient: 13 patients experienced mild to moderate fever. In one patient, a grade 3 fever was followed by a grade 2 hypotension. Other mild or moderate AEs were fatigue, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and abdominal pain. No significant hematological toxicity occurred. Immune activation was highly variable with strong activity in peripheral blood seen only in two patients at the dosage level 1.5 ng/kg. They showed pronounced elevations of interleukin-2 (IL-2), IL-6, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and interferon-gamma, 3-5 hours after the start of infusion. In one patient, IL-2 and IL-6 increased substantially (2,925 U/mL and 32,000 U/mL) concomitantly with grade 3 fever and transient grade 2 neutropenia, grade 2 lymphopenia, and grade 2 monocytopenia. In conclusion, a single 3-hour infusion of PNU-214565 could be safely administered up to 4 ng/kg. MTD was not determined. Instead, a repeat-dose trial was initiated starting at 0.5 ng/kg, considered safe in this trial, with the objective of defining the MTD.
Dataset on equine cartilage near infrared spectra, composition, and functional properties (2019)

Near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy is a well-established technique that is widely employed in agriculture, chemometrics, and pharmaceutical engineering. Recently, the technique has shown potential in clinical orthopaedic applications, for example, assisting in the diagnosis of various knee-related diseases (e.g., osteoarthritis) and their pathologies. NIR spectroscopy (NIRS) could be especially useful for determining the integrity and condition of articular cartilage, as the current arthroscopic diagnostics is subjective and unreliable. In this work, we present an extensive dataset of NIRS measurements for evaluating the condition, mechanical properties, structure, and composition of equine articular cartilage. The dataset contains NIRS measurements from 869 different locations across the articular surfaces of five equine fetlock joints. A comprehensive library of reference values for each measurement location is also provided, including results from a mechanical indentation testing, digital densitometry imaging, polarized light microscopy, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The published data can either be used as a model of human cartilage or to advance equine veterinary research.
Infectious Risk Stratification in Multiple Sclerosis Patients Receiving Immunotherapy – An Update (P4.2-014) (2019)

To investigate the prevalence of infections in two independent German patient cohorts with MS/NMOSD.
Psychological Intervention Based on Mental Relaxation to Manage Stress in Female Junior Elite Soccer Team: Improvement in Cardiac Autonomic Control, Perception of Stress and Overall Health (2023)

Chronic stress may represent one of the most important factors that negatively affects the health and performance of athletes. Finding a way to introduce psychological strategies to manage stress in everyday training routines is challenging, particularly in junior teams. We also must consider that a stress management intervention should be regarded as "efficacious" only if its application results in improvement of the complex underlying pathogenetic substratum, which considers mechanistically interrelated factors, such as immunological, endocrine and autonomic controls further to psychological functioning and behavior. In this study, we investigated the feasibility of implementing, in a standard training routine of the junior team of the Italian major soccer league, a stress management program based on mental relaxation training (MRT). We evaluated its effects on stress perception and cardiac autonomic regulation as assessed by means of ANSI, a single composite percentile-ranked proxy of autonomic balance, which is free of gender and age bias, economical, and simple to apply in a clinical setting. We observed that the simple employed MRT intervention was feasible in a female junior soccer team and was associated with a reduced perception of stress, an improved perception of overall health, and a betterment of cardiac autonomic control. This data may corroborate the scientific literature that indicates psychological intervention based on MRT as an efficacious strategy to improve performance, managing negative stress effects on cardiac autonomic control.
Rapid Planning and Analysis of High-Throughput Experiment Arrays for Reaction Discovery (2022)

High throughput experimentation (HTE) is an increasingly important tool in reaction discovery. While the hardware for running HTE in the chemical laboratory has evolved significantly in recent years, there remains a need for software solutions to navigate data-rich experiments. Here we have developed phactor™, a software that facilitates the performance and analysis of HTE in a chemical laboratory. phactor™ allows experimentalists to rapidly design arrays of chemical reactions or direct-to-biology experiments in 24, 96, 384, or 1,536 wellplates. Users can access online reagent data, such as a chemical inventory, to virtually populate wells with experiments and produce instructions to perform the reaction array manually, or with the assistance of a liquid handling robot. After completion of the reaction array, analytical results can be uploaded for facile evaluation, and to guide the next series of experiments. All chemical data, metadata, and results are stored in machine-readable formats that are readily translatable to various software formats. We also demonstrate the use of phactor™ in the discovery of several chemistries, including a light-enabled reagent-free sp2–sp2 deaminative–decarboxylative carbon–carbon coupling and a low micromolar inhibitor of the SARS-CoV-2 main protease. Furthermore, phactor™ has been made available for free academic use in 24 and 96 well formats via an online interface.
Höhere Terpenverbindungen V. Überführung der Abietinsäure ins Methylreten (1922)

Kochend heisse
Two-Color Coherent Control of Simultaneously Generated XUV and THz Radiation (2013)

Simultaneous coherent generation and detection of XUV and terahertz has been performed using two-color asymmetric laser fields. The results are consistent with the emissions resulting from the classical electron trajectories due to polar-asymmetric excitation.
Study of radiant heat transfer in boiler furnace with flue gas input into combustion core (1983)

An experimental study is made of radiant heat transfer in steam generators with flue gases being recirculated into the combustion zone. Even though the study was conducted for a specific boiler and specific combustion conditions, the results can be used not only for qualitative, but also for quantitative evaluation of the changes in local and overall heat transfer parameters caused by flue gases being recirculated into the bottom of the boiler.
Engineering nitrogen use efficient crop plants: the current status (2012)

In the last 40 years the amount of synthetic nitrogen (N) applied to crops has risen drastically, resulting in significant increases in yield but with considerable impacts on the environment. A requirement for crops that require decreased N fertilizer levels has been recognized in the call for a 'Second Green Revolution' and research in the field of nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) has continued to grow. This has prompted a search to identify genes that improve the NUE of crop plants, with candidate NUE genes existing in pathways relating to N uptake, assimilation, amino acid biosynthesis, C/N storage and metabolism, signalling and regulation of N metabolism and translocation, remobilization and senescence. Herein is a review of the approaches taken to determine possible NUE candidate genes, an overview of experimental study of these genes as effectors of NUE in both cereal and non-cereal plants and the processes of commercialization of enhanced NUE crop plants. Patents issued regarding increased NUE in plants as well as gene pyramiding studies are also discussed as well as future directions of NUE research.
Learning with Bayesian networks and probability trees to approximate a joint distribution (2011)

Most of learning algorithms with Bayesian networks try to minimize the number of structural errors (missing, added or inverted links in the learned graph with respect to the true one). In this paper we assume that the objective of the learning task is to approximate the joint probability distribution of the data. For this aim, some experiments have shown that learning with probability trees to represent the conditional probability distributions of each node given its parents provides better results that learning with probability tables. When approximating a joint distribution structure and parameter learning can not be seen as separated tasks and we have to evaluate the performance of combinations of procedures for inducing both structure and parameters. We carry out an experimental evaluation of several combined strategies based on trees and tables using a greedy hill climbing algorithm and compare the results with a restricted search procedure (the Max-Min hill climbing algorithm).
EVALUATION OF A PRE-EMPTIVE STRATEGY FOR BK POLYOMAVIRUS ASSOCIATED NEPHROPATHY (BKPVAN), BASED ON PROSPECTIVE MONITORING OF BK VIREMIA. A KIDNEY TRANSPLANTATION CENTER EXPERIENCE (2010)

Renoult, E.1; Coutlée, F.2; Pâquet, M.3; St-Louis, G.2; Girardin, C.2; Fortin, M.2; Cardinal, H.2; Lévesque, R.3; Shürch, W.3; Latour, M.2; Barama, A.3; Hébert, M.2 Author Information
Integrated waveguide Fabry-Perot microcavities with silicon/air Bragg mirrors (2007)

We demonstrate in-plane microfabricated Fabry-Perot cavities with cryogenically etched silicon/air distributed Bragg reflector (DBR) mirrors and integrated silicon-on-insulator rib waveguides. Several DBR configurations and cavity lengths were measured. Various devices exhibit Q=26963, FWHM=0.060 nm, finesse F=489, free spectral range FSR=81.7 nm, and DBR mirror reflectance R=99.4%. Thermo-optic tuning over 6.7 nm is also demonstrated.
Influence of thermal properties of polymers on NanoImprint Lithography performance (2002)

Nanoimprint lithography (NIL) is a promising technique to obtain nanometer scale features on large size wafers. The patterns defined in a silicon mold are replicated by pressing a polymer film at high temperature. Previous studies have been mostly devoted to PMMA imprinting. Due to the low etch resistance of this polymer, a lift off step is needed to be able to transfer the patterns by plasma etching,. In this paper, we present results obtained with different polymers presenting a good etching resistance. They will be compared in terms of printed resolution and thermal properties.
Fluorination of Fozhalin with Elemental Fluorine in Gas-Fluid Reactor with High-Speed Rabble in the Circulation Contour (2018)

Fluorination of a mixture of fluorinated amines, which has the fozhalin brand name, with fluorine in a gas–fluid system in a reactor with high-speed stirrer mounted in the circulation contour was studied.
Breaking Analog Locking Techniques (2020)

Similar to digital circuits, analog circuits are also susceptible to supply-chain attacks. There are several analog locking techniques proposed to combat these supply-chain attacks. However, there exists no elaborate evaluation procedure to estimate the resilience offered by these techniques. Evaluating analog defenses requires the usage of non-Boolean variables, such as bias current and gain. Hence, in this work, we evaluate the resilience of the analog-only locks and analog and mixed-signal (AMS) locks using satisfiability modulo theories (SMTs). We demonstrate our attack on five analog locking techniques and three AMS locking techniques. The attack is demonstrated on commonly used circuits, such as bandpass filter (BPF), low-noise amplifier (LNA), and low-dropout (LDO) voltage regulator. Attack results on analog-only locks show that the attacker, knowing the required bias current or voltage range, can determine the key. Likewise, knowing the protected input patterns (PIPs), the attacker can determine the key to unlock the AMS locks. We then extend our attack to break the existing analog camouflaging technique.
Digitally controlled fault-tolerant multiwavelength programmable fiber-optic attenuator using a two-dimensional digital micromirror device (1999)

A digitally controlled multiwavelength variable fiber-optic attenuator using a two-dimensional digital micromirror device (DMD) is introduced. The results from an experimental four-wavelength (i.e., 1546.92, 1548.52, 1550.12, and 1551.72 nm) proof-of-concept attenuator indicate a 26-dB dynamic range and 11-bit resolution. The measured attenuator average coherent optical cross talk per wavelength channel is -38 dB , limited by the additive noise resulting from the nonideal isolation of the optical circulator and the attenuator module. The average optical loss for our experimental attenuator is 15 dB and is limited mainly by the visible-mode DMD that is used as a 1550-nm infrared window device. Our theoretical estimate of a <8-dB loss optimized attenuator can be used for equalization in multiwavelength fiber-optic communications with as many as 108 wavelengths.
Coding advantage optimization of space-time-frequency block codes (2020)

In this article, we study the coding advantage of space-time-frequency block codes (STFBCs). Since in MIMO-OFDM coding there is the potential of exploiting space, time and frequency diversities and as the frequency tones of OFDM modulation are relatively substantial, the intricate structure of STFBCs makes it almost impossible to optimize the parameters of the code as the number of symbols increases in each block. Consequently, we investigate how to optimize the code parameters independently to reduce the computational complexity. Furthermore, code permutation is an important part of the STFBCs. However, due to elaborate structure of the STFBCs, it is very hard to calculate the optimum permutation. Therefore, we put forth a technique to decompose the coding advantage of the STFBCs. Using this technique, the permutation parameter can be easily introduced and optimized for STF-BCs. We then design a novel STFBC based on any given STBC and apply the proposed scheme on the proposed STFBC to illustrate the application of this technique by designing the optimum permutation for the code. Simulation results confirm that the proposed STFBC outperforms the best existing STFBCs in the literature.
Quantitative Analysis of the Solubilizing Action of MTAD, Sodium Hypochlorite, and EDTA on Bovine Pulp and Dentin (2003)

Necrotic bovine pulp and dentin were used in this study as model tissues to represent the organic and inorganic components of the smear layer present in instrumented root canals. The capabilities of endodontic irrigants to dissolve pulverized forms of these tissues were compared. Lyophilized tissue samples were mixed for 2 h at 37 degrees C with MTAD, three concentrations of sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), 17% EDTA, or isotonic saline. Undissolved tissues were rinsed with water and lyophilized. The change in tissue weight after exposure to an irrigant was measured to quantify solubilization. The results showed that various concentrations of NaOCl removed organic components of pulp and dentin effectively. As pulp solubilizers 5.25% and 2.60% NaOCl were equal (>90%), and 5.25% NaOCl was capable of dissolving virtually the entire organic component of dentin. EDTA was capable of solubilizing inorganic material in dentin and organic material in pulp and likely also in dentin. It dissolved >70% of the dentin and >51% of the pulp. The solubilizing effects of MTAD on pulp and dentin were somewhat similar to those of EDTA. The major difference between the actions of these solutions was a high binding affinity of doxycycline present in MTAD for the dentin.
Robotic Manipulator Control Performance Evaluation. (1986)

A robotic manipulator dynamically based controller performance baseline is established by the creation and utilization of a hierarchical robotic evaluation environment. Creation of a hierarchical robotic evaluation environment provides an original solution to the problems that previously constrained real-time evaluation of modern manipulator control schemes. Utilization of that environment fulfills the application of proposed theories. The performance baseline is established by simulated and experimental evaluation of feedforward dynamics and feedback loop design for joint motion high speed trajectory tracking robot control. The real-time performance produced by application of all proposed robotic control techniques to harmonic and gear driven manipulators can be extrapolated from the baseline. A feedforward loop composed of uncoupled inertia and gravity dynamics exhibited the best tracking accuracy. Forces unmodeled by those dynamics can be effectively treated as disturbances to the feedback loop. Dynamic based control techniques exhibited the potential to control high speed gross motion of a manipulator without additional sensor devices.