gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Constituent of Green Tea, Epigallocatechin-3-gallate, Activates Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase by a Phosphatidylinositol-3-OH-kinase-, cAMP-dependent Protein Kinase-, and Akt-dependent Pathway and Leads to Endothelial-dependent Vasorelaxation (2004)

Epidemiological studies suggest that tea catechins may reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease, but the mechanisms of benefit have not been determined. The objective of the present study was to investigate the effects of epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), the major constituent of green tea, on vasorelaxation and on eNOS expression and activity in endothelial cells. EGCG (1-50 microm) induced dose-dependent vasodilation in rat aortic rings. Vasodilation was abolished by pretreatment with Ng-nitro L-arginine methyl ester. In bovine aortic endothelial cells, EGCG increased endothelial nitric oxide (eNOS) activity dose-dependently after 15 min. Treatment with EGCG induced a sustained activation of Akt, ERK1/2, and eNOS Ser1179 phosphorylation. Inhibition of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)1/2 had no influence on eNOS activity or Ser1179 phosphorylation. Simultaneous treatment of cells with selective inhibitors for cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) and Akt completely prevented the increase in eNOS activity by EGCG after 15 min, indicating that both kinases act in concert. Specific phosphatidylinositol-3-OH-kinase inhibitors yielded identical results. Akt inhibition prevented eNOS Ser1179 phosphorylation, whereas inhibition of PKA did not influence Akt and eNOS Ser1179 phosphorylation. Pretreatment of endothelial cells with EGCG for 4 h markedly enhanced the increase in eNOS activity stimulated by Ca-ionomycin, suggesting that Akt accounts for prolonged eNOS activation. Treatment of cells for 72 h with EGCG did not change eNOS protein levels. Our results indicate that EGCG-induced endothelium-dependent vasodilation is primarily based on rapid activation of eNOS by a phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-, PKA-, and Akt-dependent increase in eNOS activity, independently of an altered eNOS protein content.
A Method for Online Secondary Path Modeling in Active Noise Control Systems (2005)

The paper proposes a new method for online secondary path modeling in active noise control (ANC) systems. The proposed method is a modified version of the basic method, proposed by L.J. Eriksson and M.C. Allie (1989). The objective is to realize improved performance at a reasonable computational cost. The control filter is adapted by using the same error signal as used in the adaptation of the modeling filter. Furthermore, a variable step size (VSS) LMS algorithm is used to adapt the modeling filter. The basic idea of VSS stems from the fact that the disturbance signal in the desired response of the modeling filter is decreasing in nature, (ideally) converging to zero. Hence, a small step size is used initially and later its value is increased accordingly. The computational complexity of the proposed method is comparable to the Eriksson and Allie method, and it gives the best performance among existing methods. Computer simulations are presented to show the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Wisconsin Experiences with Reflective Crack Relief Projects (2005)

Many agencies place hot-mix asphalt overlays on deteriorating jointed or cracked portland cement concrete pavements to improve the ride, protect the pavement structure, and reduce noise. Reflection cracking of the joints and preexisting cracks through the overlay is a persistent problem. In climates such as that in Wisconsin, the initial reflective cracks often appear within a year or two. The Wisconsin Department of Transportation and the City of Milwaukee tried a fine-aggregate, asphalt-rich, polymer-modified asphalt mix interlayer to absorb joint movements, delay reflective cracking, and protect the existing pavement. Four Wisconsin projects are discussed. In the first project, constructed in 1996, the interlayer showed no effect on delaying reflection cracking within the first 3 years. Later projects, however, included specifications for performance-related design tests for flexural beam fatigue and Hveem stability and were overlaid with improved mixtures to complement the flexible interlayer. The later projects showed an average 42% improvement in the time to the appearance of surface cracks compared with the control sections. Furthermore, cores taken from the projects showed that even when the overlay cracked, some of the interlayer samples did not, even under severe conditions, thus further protecting the underlying pavement structure. Other major factors contributing to the cracking delay included the type of concrete pavement, concrete patches, and climate.
Dendrimer and dendrimer–conjugate protein complexes and protein coronas (2017)

Dendrimers and dendrimer conjugates are widely employed for biological applications such as bio-imaging and drug delivery. Understanding the interaction between dendrimers and their biological environment is key to evaluating the efficacy and safety of these materials. Proteins can form an adsorbed layer, termed a “protein corona”, on dendrimers in either a non-specific or specific fashion. A tight-binding, non-exchangeable corona is defined as a “hard” corona, whereas a loosely bound, highly exchangeable corona is called a “soft” corona. Recent research indicates that small molecules conjugated to the polymer surface can induce protein structural change, leading to tighter protein–dendrimer binding and further protein aggregation. This “triggered” corona formation on dendrimer and dendrimer conjugates is reviewed and discussed along with the existing hard or soft corona model. This review describes the triggered corona model to further the understanding of protein corona formation.
Effects of spray height and spray angle on spray deposition in tobacco plants (2011)

Due to the decreasing availability of authorized plant protection products, adequate pest control becomes more difficult in tobacco. Although much attention is given to predator-pest interactions in integrated control, almost no research is available about the optimization of spray application techniques in tobacco plants. Yet, spray height and spray angle might improve crop protection management considerably. Spray application technique will influence the spray deposition and as such its efficiency. In this study, the effects of spray height (0.2 m, 0.3 m, 0.4 m) and spray angle (90°, 45°, 0°) on spray deposition in tobacco plants were tested by a electrostatic sprayer with hollow-cone nozzle. Spray deposition was measured by a quantitative method (Allura-Red). The deposition value of the upper layer increases as the height increasingly, while the maximum value located at 0.4m. Spray coverage was evaluated by water sensitive paper (WSP). And the coverage of liquid was 52.9-86.0%, 29.5-52.7% and 18.7-39.6% for upper layer, middle layer and lower layer, respectively. Utilization rate of liquid on the plants could be improved 1.7-fold using the appropriate application technique.
Compact, Dual-Polarized UWB-Antenna, Embedded in a Dielectric (2009)

A compact dual-polarized antenna is described for ultrawideband (UWB) applications. The main features of the antenna, besides an ultrawidebandwidth are low cross-polarization and small dimensions. The feed of the antenna is based on the tapered slot antennas, enclosed in a dielectric. The new antenna concept, including the feed of the antenna for dual-polarization and its integration, is described in detail. Prototypes are shown and their performances are demonstrated, based on simulation and measurement results in frequency and time domain. The antenna prototype input match is better than -10 dB, a maximal gain of 10.5 dBi and a mean polarization decoupling of approximately 17 dB in the main beam direction in the 3.1-10.6 GHz UWB band are achieved. In the time domain a peak value of 0.4 m/ns, a full width at half maximum of 100 ps and a ringing of 145 ps are measured. With a maximum antenna diameter of 35 mm and 53 mm length this new antenna is also suited for UWB antenna arrays.
Bifuran-bridged bisboranes: highly luminescent B-doped oligohetarenes (2020)

Boron-doping of oligohetarenes – via classical metathesis or silicon/boron exchange routes – led to strongly luminescent and twofold reversibly reducible oligomers.
Effect of test device thickness on liquid crystal characterisation (2012)

A liquid crystal (LC) test device to operate in the frequency band of 57-66 GHz is designed and the effect of its thickness in determining the dielectric properties of the LC materials is investigated. For this purpose, two LC test devices one with a thick profile and another one with a thin profile are designed and investigated. These devices are then used to extract the dielectric properties of two dielectric test materials. When comparing the dielectric constant extraction from these test devices, the thin LC test device shows better accuracy for a wider frequency band.
Access to "Jiggasha program: a family planning communication approach" and its exposure to the selected background characteristics. (1999)

This paper studies the effectiveness of "Jiggasha," an innovative communication approach for the promotion of family planning in Dhaka, Bangladesh. Data from the 1996 Jiggasha follow-up survey were used, which gathered information by interviewing a network sample of 1862 married women and a subsample of 608 men. The study used the sample constituted by women respondents and included data on socioeconomic and demographic characteristics of the respondents and their knowledge, attitude and practice relating to contraceptives. Findings showed that Jiggasha respondents have more access to radio than television. All respondents reported having a radio in their homes and they emphasized the importance of broadcasting more family planning messages via both electronic media. Only 16% of the women in the study setting were exposed to group meetings. Of the respondents reporting participation in group meetings, 38.25% joined in a Jiggasha meeting, 23.15% in a Grameen Bank group meeting, and 4.70% in a Bangladesh Rural Advancement Committee group meeting. Logistic regression analysis indicated more access to Jiggashas among women over 30 years of age than among the younger age groups. Religion and education levels of respondents have significant impact on access to Jiggashas. Husbands' approval plays an important role among the Jiggasha respondents in using family planning method. This study provides important information for policy-makers to make family planning program a success.
Complete amino acid sequence of mitochondrial aspartate aminotransferase from pig heart muscle. Tryptic peptides. (1980)

The amino acid sequences of 39 tryptic peptides from carboxymethylated mitochondrial aspartate aminotransferase from pig heart muscle were analyzed. The peptides were purified by gel filtration, ion exchange column chromatography, paper chromatography, and high voltage paper electrophoresis, and their sequences were examined by manual Edman degradation, carboxypeptidase digestion, and fragmentation with thermolysin or chymotrypsin. These peptides accounted for 318 of the total 401 amino acid residues in the protein subunit.
Band gap and wave guiding effect in a quasiperiodic photonic crystal (1999)

A two-dimensional octagonal quasiperiodic photonic crystal composed of alumina cylinders is prepared. The transmission spectra of the quasicrystal are measured in the microwave region for the TM wave. We find that the position and width of the band gap do not depend on the incident direction, while the band structure can appear for quite a small piece of the quasicrystal. Two types of waveguide, a straight guide and a bending guide with two sharp 90° corners, are fabricated by removing three rows of cylinders. The measured transmittances show that the guiding efficiency for both waveguides is high.
Think Small: Nanopores for Sensing and Synthesis (2014)

It is now possible to manipulate individual molecules using a nanopore to read DNA and proteins, or write DNA by inserting mini-genes into cells. Furthermore, development of these methodologies will kick open the door to new biology and chemistry that has been logistically intractable previously. Nanopore technology will place molecular and sub-molecular analysis within the reach of the typical bench-top scientist or clinical lab-no longer limited to genomics or mass spectrometry specialists. Moreover, the prospects for synthetic biology-using nanopores to program or reprogram cells-are promising as well, but have been examined only at the level of a single cell, so far.
Fabrication of functional bioinorganic nanoconstructs by polymer–silica wrapping of individual myoglobin molecules (2010)

Discrete core-shell hybrid nanoparticles comprising individual met-myoglobin (met-Mb) molecules incarcerated within an ultrathin polymer/silica shell were prepared without loss of biofunctionality by a facile self-assembly procedure. Solubilisation of met-Mb in cyclohexane in the near-absence of water was achieved by wrapping individual protein molecules in the amphiphilic triblock copolymer poly(ethylene-oxide)19-poly(propylene-oxide)69-poly(ethylene-oxide)19 (EO19-PO69-EO19, P123). Addition of tetramethoxysilane to the met-Mb/P123 conjugates in cyclohexane produced discrete nanoparticles that contained protein, polymer and silica, and which were 3-5.5 nm in size, consistent with the entrapment of single molecules of met-Mb. The hybrid nanoconstructs were isolated and re-dispersed in water without loss of secondary structure, and remained functionally active with respect to redox reactions and CO and O2 ligand binding at the porphyrin metallocentre. The incarcerated met-Mb biomolecules showed enhanced thermal stability up to a temperature of around 85 °C. These properties, along with the high biocompatibility of silica and P123, suggest that the silicified protein-polymer constructs could be utilised as functional nanoscale components in bionanotechnology.
In vivo characterization of Lactobacillus johnsonii FI9785 for use as a defined competitive exclusion agent against bacterial pathogens in poultry (2004)

Lactobacillus johnsonii FI9785 may be a valuable tool to control the endemic disease of necrotic enteritis, thereby reducing economic losses associated with reduced use of antimicrobials in the poultry industry.
Evaluation of Epidural Analgesic Paste Components in Lumbar Decompressive Surgery (2011)

An analgesic paste containing methylprednisolone acetate is effective at reducing postoperative pain after lumbar decompressive surgery. Mixing effective doses of morphine sulfate in the paste abrogates the expected analgesic effects of epidural morphine.
Improvement of vitiligo after oral treatment with vitamin B12 and folic acid and the importance of sun exposure. (1997)

The aim of this 2-year study was to test the hypothesis that folic acid, vitamin B12 and sun exposure could be helpful in treating vitiligo. One hundred patients with vitiligo were treated with oral folic acid and vitamin B12 after being informed that sun exposure might enhance repigmentation. They were requested to keep a record of sun exposure in summer and UVB irradiation in winter. The minimal treatment time suggested was 3-6 months but should be longer if improvement was achieved. Clear repigmentation occurred in 52 patients, including 37 who exposed their skin to summer sun and 6 who used UVB lamps in winter. Repigmentation was most evident on sun-exposed areas, where 38% of the patients had previously noted repigmentation during summer months. Total repigmentation was seen in 6 patients. The spread of vitiligo stopped in 64% of the patients after treatment. Folic acid and vitamin B12 supplementation combined with sun exposure can induce repigmentation better than either the vitamins or sun exposure alone. Treatment should continue as long as the white areas continue to repigment. Further studies are needed to determine ideal minimal dosages of vitamins and UV exposure, as well as treatment time.
Assessment of large aperture lightweight imaging concepts (2002)

High resolution imaging from space for surveillance and astrometry is currently limited by launch vehicle constraints and system cost. Current launch vehicles limit the total mass and volume that can be placed in orbit. The fundamental limitation on telescope resolution is aperture diameter. This paper investigates several innovative concepts (SiC primary, inflatable primary, and sparse optical arrays) to produce lightweight, lower cost telescopes that overcome the launch vehicle constraint issues. A trade space for future mission applications in both low earth orbit (LEO) and geosynchronous orbit (GEO) is defined and used as a metric to compare the performance of each concept. A rough order of magnitude (ROM) spacecraft design has been prepared to determine feasibility and to provide a relative comparison between concepts. The merits and drawbacks of each concept are discussed. Furthermore, the planning for a future integrated ground demonstration experiment at Phillips Laboratory is described.
Adsorptive endocytosis mediates the passage of hiv-1 across the blood-brain barrier: Evidence for a post-internalization coreceptor (1998)

HIV-1 induces the AIDS dementia complex and infects brain endothelial and glial cells. Because the endothelial cells comprising the blood-brain barrier (BBB) do not possess CD4 receptors or galactosylceramide binding sites, it is unclear how HIV-1 negotiates the BBB. Previous work has suggested that gp120, the glycoprotein viral coat of HIV-1, is capable of inducing adsorptive endocytosis. Glycoprotein lectins like wheatgerm agglutinin induce adsorptive endocytosis and greatly potentiate the uptake by and passage across mouse endothelial cells in vivo and in vitro. We show here that the wheatgerm agglutinin-induced binding of gp120 is dose-dependent and involves components of the cytoskeleton. The uptake is partially dependent on temperature and energy and is modestly enhanced by potassium depletion. Glycosylation of gp120 is critical for its uptake by adsorptive endocytosis since the non-glycosylated form of gp120 is unaffected by wheatgerm agglutinin. Evidence is presented for the existence of a coreceptor sensitive to protamine sulfate that is primarily involved in membrane fusion after 125I-gp120 has bound to the cell membrane and is probably activated after internalization. This coreceptor probably contains a negatively charged heparin sulfate group and could be a member of the chemokine receptor family.
Application of photonic band gap fibers in capillary electrophoresis systems (2005)

In this paper we present a novel concept of using photonic band gap fibers for capillary electrophoresis (CE) in a configuration where both the analyzed solution and the light are fed through the hollow core of the fiber. The tested fiber was an HC19-1550-01 with 20 &#956;m core size, manufactured by Blaze Photonics and rated for 1550 nm wavelength. Results of initial experiments in reflectometric and electrophoretic configurations are presented, opening up the possibility of developing a fiber-optic sensor based on CE for remote detection of targeted compounds. Such a sensor can be expected to have a wide temperature range of operation to excellent thermal stability of hollow-core PBG fibers.
High-resolution x-ray diffraction for characterization and monitoring of silicon-on-insulator fabrication processes (2002)

High-resolution x-ray diffraction (HRXRD) was used to monitor silicon-on-insulator (SOI) device fabrication processes. The use of HRXRD is attractive since it is nondestructive and can be applied directly to product wafers. We show the usefulness of this technique for the characterization of amorphizing implants for shallow junctions, solid phase recrystallization of implanted junctions, cobalt-silicide formation, and oxidation; all are critical processes for complementary metal oxide semiconductor device fabrication on SOI. We also found the technique applicable to multilayered SOI structures fabricated by wafer bonding, where the tilt and rotation of each SOI layer with respect to the handle substrate, allowed us to obtain independent measurements of each SOI film.
Bromide, the first effective antiepileptic agent (2002)

The 2001 issue of the British National Formulary contains many antiepileptic agents listed under some 10 classes of anticonvulsants. Historically there had been no effective new antiepileptic drugs until the introduction of phenobarbitone. Hauptmann (1881–1948) in 19121 discovered its antiepileptic properties by accident when studying the anxiolytic effects of various drugs. Before that date, the only effective agent was potassium bromide, and like its more recent successors, the major therapeutic problem was obtaining a balance between suppressing fits and the frequent side effects .

At a meeting of the Royal Medical and Chirurgical Society in London on Tuesday 11 May 1857, Edward H Sieveking presented 52 cases of epilepsy (Lancet 1857;i:528). In the subsequent discussion, the President of the Society, Sir Charles Locock, Queen Victoria's physician accoucheur, made comment. He had used potassium bromide to treat what he called hysterical epilepsy. In most instances the fits were mainly menstrual or catamenial or uterine as they were called. Locock cited a German report that 10 grains (0.66 g) of potassium bromide taken three times a day caused reversible impotence. Locock therefore tried bromide on non-epileptic hysterical women troubled by “sexual excitement”, and found that it calmed that excitement. The report in the Medical Times and Gazette of 23 May 1857 (cited by (Bazire 18822) noted:

“ . . .a lady who had hysterical epilepsy for nine …
A new slow-release form of 5-aminosalicylic acid for the oral treatment of inflammatory bowel disease. Biopharmaceutic and clinical pharmacokinetic characteristics. (1985)

A new enteric coated form of 5-aminosalicylic acid (5-AS, Salofalk) for the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease was developed. In 11 hospitalized patients with Crohn's disease or ulcerative colitis the steady-state pharmacokinetics of 5-AS and its major metabolite, N-acetyl-5-AS (Ac-5-AS), was investigated. During treatment with 0.5 g 5-AS tid elimination half-life (t 1/2) ranged from 0.7 to 2.4 h (1.4 +/- 0.6 h, mean +/- SD; n = 6) and mean steady-state plasma levels (Css) of 5-AS and Ac-5-AS averaged 0.7 +/- 0.4 micrograms/ml and 1.2 +/- 0.3 micrograms/ml, respectively. Treatment with the smaller dose of 0.25 g 5-AS tid (n = 5) resulted in a shorter t 1/2 (0.6 +/- 0.2 h), lower Css for 5-AS (0.4 +/- 0.2 micrograms/ml) and Ac-5-AS (1.0 +/- 0.2 micrograms/ml). Urinary and fecal recovery of total 5-AS was calculated to 44 +/- 21% and 35 +/- 10%, respectively. Both compounds were slightly bound to plasma proteins (5-AS: 43%, Ac-5-AS: 78%). In conclusion, the present data would suggest that the new oral dosage form delivers sufficient amounts of therapeutically active 5-AS for local and systemic action in patients with inflammatory bowel disease.