gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Improving file system performance by dynamically restructuring disk space (2003)

As files are added to and deleted from a file system, the disk becomes fragmented, much as main memory becomes fragmented, because of dynamic storage management. After a period of time, individual files tend to be spread across the disk rather than stored in contiguous areas. When this happens, file access times increase and disk throughput decreases. One possible solution to this problem involves disk restructuring techniques: the constituent disk blocks of selected files are moved so that total seek time for these files is decreased. Techniques to determine which files should be restructured based on the principle of least effort are introduced, and the results of experiments on a 4.2 BSD Unix file system are presented. The experiments demonstrated that over a two-week period seek time performance degraded by more than 20% as a result of fragmentation, despite attempts to control it through careful allocation.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Functional Antagonism of Human CD40 Achieved by Targeting a Unique Species-Specific Epitope (2016)

Current clinical anti-CD40 biologic agents include both antagonist molecules for the treatment of autoimmune diseases and agonist molecules for immuno-oncology, yet the relationship between CD40 epitope and these opposing biological outcomes is not well defined. This report describes the identification of potent antagonist domain antibodies (dAbs) that bind to a novel human CD40-specific epitope that is divergent in the CD40 of nonhuman primates. A similarly selected anti-cynomolgus CD40 dAb recognizing the homologous epitope is also a potent antagonist. Mutagenesis, biochemical, and X-ray crystallography studies demonstrate that the epitope is distinct from that of CD40 agonists. Both the human-specific and cynomolgus-specific molecules remain pure antagonists even when formatted as bivalent Fc-fusion proteins, making this an attractive therapeutic format for targeting hCD40 in autoimmune indications.
Surface Science of Catalyst Dynamics for Aligned Carbon Nanotube Synthesis on a Full-Scale Quartz Wafer (2009)

The surface chemistry and physics of evaporated metallic iron catalysts on crystalline quartz substrates is elucidated via detailed microscopy and spectroscopy for the purpose of synthesizing dense aligned carbon nanotube (CNT) arrays. It was found that the as-evaporated submonolayer iron was predominantly an oxidized nanoporous film at room temperature in air. Subsequently, at high temperatures (∼865 °C), hydrogen gas appears to play an important role in dewetting of the surface in a short duration and facilitating discrete iron nanoparticle formation, which is critical for the growth of self-aligned individual single-wall CNTs by catalytic chemical vapor deposition. Additionally, residual carbon contamination of the surface in the high vacuum evaporator was identified and mitigated by an improved surface pretreatment resulting in dense CNT synthesis at a wafer scale. This work provides detailed understanding of the physical chemistry of the catalytic surface and represents a step forward in repeatable synthesis of dense aligned CNT arrays uniformly at a large wafer scale.
Radial patterns of carbon isotopes in the xylem extractives and cellulose of Douglas-fir (2007)

Heartwood extractives (nonstructural wood components) are believed to be formed from a combination of compounds present in the adjacent sapwood and materials imported from the phloem. The roles of local compounds and imported material in heartwood formation could have important implications for the wood quality of species having naturally durable wood. Stable isotope composition (delta(13)C) was analyzed to assess radial variation in sapwood extractives, and to estimate the relative importance of adjacent sapwood extractives and imported photosynthate in the formation of heartwood extractives. Cellulose and extractives from the outer 39 annual rings of six Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) trees were isolated and their delta(13)C composition determined. Although the extractives and the cellulose showed different absolute delta(13)C values, the patterns of change over time (as represented by the annual rings) were similar in most cases. Within an annual ring, carbon isotope ratios of extractives were correlated with the cellulose isotope ratio (R2 = 0.33 in sapwood, R2 = 0.34 in heartwood for aqueous acetone-soluble extractives; R2 = 0.41 in sapwood for hot-water-soluble extractives). These data suggest that some sapwood extractives are formed when the wood ring forms, and remain in place until they are converted to heartwood extractives many years later. Sapwood extractives appear to be important sources of materials for the biosynthesis of heartwood extractives in Douglas-fir.
Fault modeling and simulation for crosstalk in system-on-chip interconnects (1999)

System-on-chips (SOCs) using ultra deep sub-micron (DSM) technologies and GHz clock frequencies have been predicted by the 1997 SIA Road Map. Recent studies [3,4], as well as experiments reported in this paper, show significant crosstalk effects in long on-chip interconnects of GHz DSM chips. Recognizing the importance of high-speed, reliable interconnects in GHz SOCs, we address in this paper the problem of testing for glitch and delay errors caused by crosstalk in buses and interconnects between components of a SOC.Since it is not possible to explicitly test for all the possible process variations and defects that can lead to crosstalk errors in SOC interconnects, we present an abstract model, Maximum Aggressor (MA) fault model, and its test requirements. The attractiveness of the model is that it can abstract crosstalk defects in interconnects with a linear number of faults, while the corresponding MA tests provide complete coverage for all physical level defects related to cross-coupling capacitance between the interconnects. A SPICE-level fault simulation methodology is presented which allows simulation of a small subset of the potentially exponential number of defects. The simulation methodology also enables validation of the proposed fault model and the resulting test set.
Predictive value of enzyme‐linked immunoassay platelet crossmatching for transfusion of platelet concentrates to alloimmunized recipients (1987)

Some evidence has shown that platelet crossmatching is useful in multitransfused patients with hypoplastic bone marrows who are refractory to platelet therapy through alloimmunization. Several immunoglobulin binding assays other than enzyme-linked immunospecific assay (ELISA) have been studied previously. We performed 51 ELISA crossmatches on six patients receiving single donor platelets. One bone marrow transplant patient receiving 33 single donor HLA matched (related and unrelated) was also studied. Effectiveness of transfusion was closely monitored by patient evaluation and corrected platelet count increment (CCI) at 1-2 and 18-24 hours posttransfusion. We found the ELISA method very sensitive, specific, and predictive, 85, 96, and 95.6% respectively in the 51 crossmatches studied in six patients with either leukemia, solid tumors, or aplastic anemia. However, variation existed among individual recipients, with sensitivity ranging from 70-100%. The distribution of true positives and negatives and false positives and negatives in the 33 crossmatches performed in the bone marrow transplant patient differed significantly (chi 2 = 101.2; P less than 0.001) from single donor recipients. The specificity in the 51 crossmatches on the six patients was also significantly different from the 33 crossmatches performed in the bone marrow transplant (96 vs 74%). This suggests individual variation occurs as well as differences in diseases and bone marrow suppressive agents affecting platelet crossmatching.
Rate-controlled nano-layered assembly mechanism of melamine-induced melamine–uric acid stones and its inhibition and elimination methods (2019)

The formation of kidney stones induced by melamine is a rate-controlled nano-scale supramolecular layered assembly process.
Experimental and Theoretical Study on the Photophysical Properties of 90 degrees and 60 degrees Bimetallic Platinum Complexes (2012)

The 90 degrees and 6 degrees bimetallic platinum complexes with special structures are widely used in coordination-driven self-assembled metallosupramolecular architectures, and these complexes are the key components of triangular, rectangular, and polygonal metallacycle and metallocage supramolecules. therefore, spectroscopic techniques and quantum chemistry calculations were employed in this article to investigate the photophysical properties of these bimetallic platinum complexes. compared with spectra for the ligands, the absorption spectra of these pt complexes are red-shifted, and the fluorescence spectra become wider and are also red-shifted. moreover, the reasons for the low fluorescence quantum yields and short fluorescence lifetimes of these compounds were investigated using quantum chemistry calculations. we demonstrate that the fluorescent states of the bimetallic platinum complexes can be considered as local excited states, and that they possess a ligand-centered pi-pi* transition feature. meanwhile, the platinum metals act as perturbation for these transitions, whereas the nonfluorescent states are classified as intramolecular charge-transfer states. furthermore, a new fluorescence modulation mechanism is developed to explain the different emission processes of these complexes with different ligands.
Strong piezoelectric anisotropy d15/d33 in ⟨111⟩ textured Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3-Pb(Zr,Ti)O3 ceramics (2015)

The shear mode piezoelectric properties of Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3-Pb(Zr,Ti)O3 (PMN-PZT) ceramic with 72% ⟨111⟩ texture were investigated. The piezoelectric anisotropic factor d15/d33 was as high as 8.5 in ⟨111⟩ textured ceramic as compared to 2.0 in random counterpart. The high d15/d33 indicates the “rotator” ferroelectric characteristics of PMN-PZT system and suggests that the large shear piezoelectric response contributes towards the high longitudinal piezoelectric response (d33) in non-polar direction (d33 = 1100 pC/N in ⟨001⟩ textured ceramic vs. d33 = 112 pC/N in ⟨111⟩ textured ceramic).
Reliability-based calibration of design seismic response spectra and structural acceptance criteria (2014)

Earthquake engineering design requires an evaluation of the structure’s reliability over future seismic loads. The structure’s reliability can itself be formulated as an “implicit” performance goal, such as a specified annual probability of collapse, or a target probability of exceedance of a given level of Engineering Demand Parameter (EDP ). Design procedures typically evaluate achievement of this goal through some alternate “explicit” check, which commonly specifies a design spectrum and associated structural response acceptance criteria. Much discussion exists as to which design spectrum is the most appropriate for such analysis. In this work, we show that the use of a specific Conditional Mean Spectrum (CMS) is a natural choice to perform the explicit check of a target reliability goal. This determination is based on structural reliability techniques that consider spectral accelerations at multiple modal periods as basic random variables predicting the EDP response. The design point obtained with Inverse FORM methods is chosen as conditioning point to compute the full design spectrum. In the case where there are multiple structural response parameters of interest, or it is unknown what excitation frequencies are important to the structural response, it may be necessary to perform analyses using multiple conditional mean spectra. It is shown that this approach is suitable for response spectrum methods where the structural response is evaluated as a combination of single mode participations, as well as for the more complex case of nonlinear dynamic analyses which additionally take into account ground motion uncertainty (record-to-record variability). The definition of these design spectra fits naturally with explicit structural performance assessments, and is thus relevant for the future refinement of seismic design codes.
Recent Progress in NOx Trap Technology (1998)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Emission of carbon dioxide from mobile sources is receiving interest as part of a coordinated approach to limit greenhouse gases. Coupled with the relatively high price of gasoline in some countries this has resulted in the development of lean burn and direct injection gasoline engines. These engines will require conversion of nitrogen oxides (NOx) in excess of 70% in a net oxygen rich exhaust stream to meet future emission limits.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;This paper describes recent advances in the performance of NOx trap technology in terms of adsorption capacity, temperature of operation and thermal durability. The application of a new NOx trap together with a newly developed starter catalyst, to a direct injection gasoline vehicle shows that European stage IV limits can be reached for NOx and CO with a fresh system.&lt;/div&gt;
Detection of Hereditary Angioneurotic Edema by Demonstration of a Reduction in the Second Component of Human Complement (1965)

ACUTE circumscribed subepithelial edema of the skin was recognized as a distinct clinical entity by Milton1 and by Quincke,2 and shortly thereafter was termed angioneurotic edema by Strübing.3 In 1888 Osler4 called attention to a rare hereditary form of this syndrome, transmitted as a mendelian dominant5 6 7 with irregular penetrance.8 , 9 Some 503 cases in 61 families have been reported,7 , 10 11 12 13 but in only two thirds are there sufficient family data to permit a reasonably firm diagnosis of angioneurotic edema of the hereditary type.Hereditary angioneurotic edema is characterized by recurrent, acute, circumscribed and transient subepithelial edema of the skin, gastrointestinal mucosa . . .
ChemInform Abstract: SEMICONDUCTOR ELECTRODES. XI. BEHAVIOR OF N‐ AND P‐TYPE SINGLE CRYSTAL SEMICONDUCTORS COVERED WITH THIN N‐TITANIUM DIOXIDE FILMS (1977)

Abstract Einkristalline Halbleiter wie n‐, p‐Si, n‐, p‐GaAs, n‐GaP, n‐InP und n‐CdS werden mit Hilfe der CVD‐Methode mit n‐leitendem TiO 2 beschichtet und die Elektronen‐ und Löcherüberführung durch den auf diese Weise geschaffenen Heteroübergang untersucht.
Advanced Glycation End Products and Risks for Chronic Diseases: Intervening Through Lifestyle Modification (2017)

Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) are a family of compounds of diverse chemical nature that are the products of nonenzymatic reactions between reducing sugars and proteins, lipids, or nucleic acids. AGEs bind to one or more of their multiple receptors (RAGE) found on a variety of cell types and elicit an array of biologic responses. In this review, we have summarized the data on the nature of AGEs and issues associated with their measurements, their receptors, and changes in their expression under different physiologic and disease states. Last, we have used this information to prescribe lifestyle choices to modulate AGE-RAGE cycle for better health.
PWM drive filter inductor influence on transient immunity (2002)

Surges of less than 200% magnitude caused by utility capacitor switching can disrupt PWM drives. In this paper, the disruption mechanism is investigated by SPICE simulation of the drive and the results are compared to field tests. An overcurrent surge in the rectifier/filter section and DC overvoltage are the most common disruption mechanisms. The drive DC filter inductor is the most important factor in capacitor transient sensitivity of the drive. A drive without the inductor or one in which the inductor is saturated by the transient is vulnerable to disruption.
Beacon-Based Routing for Tactical Networks (2007)

The U.S. Department of Defense's (DoD) warfighter is reliant upon the development of a reliable, resilient communications capability under harsh, battlefield environments. Due to high mobilities and the nature of the various terrains, the dynamics of the communications links is extremely erratic and rapidly changing. This results in extreme strain on the performance of routing protocols attempting to find and maintain viable communications paths. In this paper we discuss and analyze a new class of routing protocols which we refer to as Beacon-Based Routing protocols. Beacon-Based Routing protocols proactivity build a small number of, typically one or two, spanning trees in the network and use these trees to discover paths on demand. The existence of one (or more) spanning tree(s) ensures full network connectivity and hence can be used to find network paths without the need for network-wide broadcast of discovery messages, as in other on-demand routing protocols. This class of routing protocols represents the generalization of the Pulse Protocol [1], originally developed in 2002 for applications to Internet access networks. The performance of the Pulse Protocol was analyzed in [1] and [2] in various applications including general Mobile Ad-Hoc Networks (MANETs) and in sensor networks. As we discuss in this paper, the Beacon-Based Routing protocol class has optimal behavior with respect to the communications overhead required to run the protocol. As such, its scaling behavior is superior to other existing routing protocol classes when assessed in the context of a MANET.
Studies on chitosan and poly(acrylic acid) interpolymer complex. II. Solution behaviors of the mixture of water‐soluble chitosan and poly(acrylic acid) (1996)

Water-soluble chitosan with a 50% deacetylation degree was prepared according to the literature. The mixtures of water-soluble chitosan and poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) in water was studied by various experimental techniques, such as viscometry, potentiometry, and transmittance measurements. The results showed that water-soluble chitosan may complex with PAA through electrostatic attraction. This polyelectrolyte complex exists steadily at about an equimolar unit composition. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
MACAW (1994)

In recent years, a wide variety of mobile computing devices has emerged, including portables, palmtops, and personal digital assistants. Providing adequate network connectivity for these devices will require a new generation of wireless LAN technology. In this paper we study media access protocols for a single channel wireless LAN being developed at Xerox Corporation's Palo Alto Research Center. We start with the MACA media access protocol first proposed by Karn [9] and later refined by Biba [3] which uses an RTS-CTS-DATA packet exchange and binary exponential back-off. Using packet-level simulations, we examine various performance and design issues in such protocols. Our analysis leads to a new protocol, MACAW, which uses an RTS-CTS-DS-DATA-ACK message exchange and includes a significantly different backoff algorithm.
Impact of Si-thickness on interface and device properties for Si-passivated Ge pMOSFETs (2008)

The semiconductor-dielectric interface passivation of Ge pMOSFETs with an epitaxially grown Si-layer is studied by means of the full conductance technique. This technique resolves several issues which occur for alternative MOS-interfaces when using the dasiaclassicalpsila conductance technique. The observed mobility behavior as a function of Si-passivation thickness can be explained by the observed variation in interface state density. Observed threshold voltage shifts as a function of Si-passivation thickness can also be linked to the variation in interface state density with thickness.
Incidence and Clinical Features of Patent Ductus Arteriosus in Low-Birthweight Infants: A Prospective Analysis of 150 Consecutively Born Infants (1976)

The incidence of persistent patency of the ductus arteriosus beyond the third day of life was prospectively determined in 100 preterm infants with birthweights of 2,000 gm or less and 50 infants with birthweights of 2,001 to 2,500 gm. The overall incidence was 21% and was inversely related to increasing gestational age and birthweight. The data suggest that immaturity is the major determinant of the persistent patency of the ductus arteriosus. Spontaneous delayed closure of the ductus occurred in 79% of patients that survived the immediate neonatal period. There was a high degree of association between the presence of a patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) and respiratory distress syndrome (RDS). Eight infants with severe RDS and PDA developed heart failure and four required surgical ligation of the ductus. None of the infants with birthweights greater than 2,000 gm who had PDA developed heart failure or required surgical ligation of the ductus arteriosus.
<title>Comparison between wet HF etching and vapor HF etching for sacrificial oxide removal</title> (2000)

In this work the etching of different Si-oxide, Si-nitride and metal layers in HF:H<SUB>2</SUB>O 24.5:75.5, BHF:glycerol 2:1 and vapor HF is studied and compared. The vapor HF etching is done in a commercially available system for wafer cleaning, that was adapted according to custom specifications to enable stiction-free surface micro- machining. The etch rates as a function of etching method, time and temperature are determined. Moreover, the influence of internal and external parameters on the HF vapor etching process are analyzed before choosing the standard HF vapor etch technique used for comparing the etching behavior of the different films.
A Parking Problem (M. S. Klamkin, D. J. Newman and L. Shepp) (1962)

Previous article Next article A Parking Problem (M. S. Klamkin, D. J. Newman and L. Shepp)Alan G. Konheim and Leopold FlattoAlan G. Konheim and Leopold Flattohttps://doi.org/10.1137/1004067PDFBibTexSections ToolsAdd to favoritesExport CitationTrack CitationsEmail SectionsAbout"A Parking Problem (M. S. Klamkin, D. J. Newman and L. Shepp)." SIAM Review, 4(3), pp. 257–258 Previous article Next article FiguresRelatedReferencesCited byDetails Volume 4, Issue 3| 1962SIAM Review History Published online:01 August 2006 InformationCopyright © 1962 © Society for Industrial and Applied MathematicsPDF Download Article & Publication DataArticle DOI:10.1137/1004067Article page range:pp. 257-258ISSN (print):0036-1445ISSN (online):1095-7200Publisher:Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics
Using different levels of abstraction for parallel program debugging (2002)

Debugging parallel and distributed programs is sometimes a very hard job. For that reason lots of tools have been developed that support the user during error detection and performance analysis. Many of these tools reduce the complexity by providing graphical representations for investigations, some of them even with connections to the original source code. However, most of them operate on a fixed level of abstraction, which can be problematic in several cases. In contrast, the MAD environment is a tool set which consists of several specialized modules for dedicated activities of parallel program debugging on different levels of abstraction. Starting with a very general kind of program representation-the event graph-the user can easily switch between different abstractions. Examples for using the tool set and cases where different levels of abstraction are necessary are shown in this paper.