gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Performance of Quantized Min-Sum Decoding Algorithms for Irregular LDPC Codes (2007)

This paper analyzes the performance of quantized min-sum decoding algorithms for irregular low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes. For regular LDPC codes, it is known that the normalized or offset min-sum decoding algorithm with quantization bits less than 6 bits achieves good performances over wide range of signal-to-noise ratios (SNR). However, finite precision effects in decoding irregular LDPC codes are different from that in decoding regular LDPC codes which is caused by the difference of convergence speeds between low degree nodes and high degree nodes. This paper proposes a novel method to improve the performance of the conventional normalized or offset min-sum decoding algorithm when it is approximated with finite precision for hardware implementations. The proposed method applies down-scaling factors to intrinsic information which has effects on increasing the reliability of extrinsic information at variable nodes and compensating the quantization errors caused by finite precision. Computer simulation results for irregular LDPC codes show that the proposed normalized and offset min-sum decoding algorithms achieve better performances at high SNR compared to the conventional normalized and offset min-sum algorithms under (6:2) quantization scheme.
Solar-Powered Air Compressor: An Economical and Ecological Power Source for Remote Locations (1993)

ABSTRACT Many, wellheads that require safety systems are located in remote areas where conventional power sources are not available. These safety systems require power in the form of hydraulic or pneumatic pressure to operate various sensors and wellhead equipment. Until now, remote locations have been limited to three sources of power: (1) bottled nitrogen, (2) Diesel/gasoline-powered systems, and (3) the use of gas off the well. Now, however, there is another option. A state-of-the-art, solar-powered air compressor has been developed that has the capability to provide the required power for the safety systems located in remote locations. In addition to offering an economical and ecological solution to the need for a safe and reliable power source, the solar-powered air compressor can provide a more cost-efficient option to the above alternatives. The solar-powered air compressor is inexpensive to maintain since primary service (battery replacement) is only necessary every 2 to 5 years, and the units can be transported easily as they are designed on 4-foot [1.22 meter] skids that fit into a standard pick-up truck. This paper will describe the operating principles and design considerations which led to the development of a new solar-powered system, four of which are currently in use in Gabon.
A gentle introduction to semantic subtyping (2005)

Subtyping relations are usually defined either syntactically by a formal system or semantically by an interpretation of types into an untyped denotational model. In this work we show step by step how to define a subtyping relation semantically in the presence of functional types and dynamic dispatch on types, without the complexity of denotational models, and how to derive a complete subtyping algorithm. It also provides a recipe to add set-theoretic union, intersection, and negation types to your favourite language.The presentation is voluntarily kept informal and discursive and the technical details are reduced to a minimum since we rather insist on the motivations, the intuition, and the guidelines to apply the approach.
Supplementary Table S1 from <i>In Vivo</i> Screening Unveils Pervasive RNA-Binding Protein Dependencies in Leukemic Stem Cells and Identifies ELAVL1 as a Therapeutic Target (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Table S1 shows expression of RBPs in an RNA-sequencing data set of human bone marrow hematopoietic stem and progenitor subpopulations.&lt;/p&gt;
Surface modeling and segmentation of the 3D airway wall in MSCT (2011)

Airway wall remodeling in asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a well-known indicator of the pathology. In this context, current clinical studies aim for establishing the relationship between the airway morphological structure and its function. Multislice computed tomography (MSCT) allows morphometric assessment of airways, but requires dedicated segmentation tools for clinical exploitation. While most of the existing tools are limited to cross-section measurements, this paper develops a fully 3D approach for airway wall segmentation. Such approach relies on a deformable model which is built up as a patient-specific surface model at the level of the airway lumen and deformed to reach the outer surface of the airway wall. The deformation dynamics obey a force equilibrium in a Lagrangian framework constrained by a vector field which avoids model self-intersections. The segmentation result allows a dense quantitative investigation of the airway wall thickness with a deeper insight at bronchus subdivisions than classic cross-section methods. The developed approach has been assessed both by visual inspection of 2D cross-sections, performed by two experienced radiologists on clinical data obtained with various protocols, and by using a simulated ground truth (pulmonary CT image model). The results confirmed a robust segmentation in intra-pulmonary regions with an error in the range of the MSCT image resolution and underlined the interest of the volumetric approach versus purely 2D methods.
ZrO2‐Ni Functionally Graded Joining Interlayers: Microstructure and Properties (2007)

Functionally graded materials (FGMs) are multi-component composites with a gradual change in composition and/or structure. ZrO2-Ni FGMs in the form of a bonding interlayer with thicknesses in the range 40–100 μm were capable of joining dense ZrO2 pieces (a) or ZrO2 to Ni specimens (b). The number of composition steps in these FGMs was adjusted according to the end joining parts in order to reduce residual stresses. The small formation of Ni7Zr2 at temperatures of 1200 °C favoured the interfacial contact giving a maximum shear stress of 20MPa for the ZrO2/FGM/ZrO2 joints.
Deposition dependence of zirconium tungstate (ZrW_2O_8) based negative thermal expansion films for optical coatings (2004)

Zirconium tungstate-based thin films have been deposited with positive and negative thermal expansion coefficients, where the type of exp ansion appears to be critically dependent on the film density. Film deposition and characterization is presented.
System Design and Dynamic Walking of Humanoid Robot KHR-2 (2006)

In this paper, we describe the mechanical design, system integration and dynamic walking of the humanoid, KHR-2 (KAIST Humanoid Robot– 2). KHR-2 has 41 DOFs in total, that allows it to imitate various human-like motions. To control all joint axes effectively, the distributed control architecture is used, which reduces computation burden on the main controller, and allows convenient system. A servo motor controller was used as the sub-controller, whereas a 3-axis force/torque sensor and an inertia sensor were used in the sensory system. The main controller attached on the back of KHR-2 communicates with the sub-controllers in real-time through CAN (Controller Area Network) protocol. Windows XP was used as the operation system, whereas RTX HAL extension commercial software was used to realize the real-time control capability in Windows environment. We define the walking pattern and describe several online controllers in each stage. Some of the experimental results of KHR-2 are also presented.
Squalene Synthase As a Target for Chagas Disease Therapeutics (2014)

Trypanosomatid parasites are the causative agents of many neglected tropical diseases and there is currently considerable interest in targeting endogenous sterol biosynthesis in these organisms as a route to the development of novel anti-infective drugs. Here, we report the first x-ray crystallographic structures of the enzyme squalene synthase (SQS) from a trypanosomatid parasite, Trypanosoma cruzi, the causative agent of Chagas disease. We obtained five structures of T. cruzi SQS and eight structures of human SQS with four classes of inhibitors: the substrate-analog S-thiolo-farnesyl diphosphate, the quinuclidines E5700 and ER119884, several lipophilic bisphosphonates, and the thiocyanate WC-9, with the structures of the two very potent quinuclidines suggesting strategies for selective inhibitor development. We also show that the lipophilic bisphosphonates have low nM activity against T. cruzi and inhibit endogenous sterol biosynthesis and that E5700 acts synergistically with the azole drug, posaconazole. The determination of the structures of trypanosomatid and human SQS enzymes with a diverse set of inhibitors active in cells provides insights into SQS inhibition, of interest in the context of the development of drugs against Chagas disease.
The use of objective oriented project planning tools for nanosafety and health concerns: a case study in nanomedicine research project (2016)

Abstract Potential human health and environmental risks associated with nanoscience research projects and their deliverables, termed nanosafety, is one of the important issues for translating research findings into commercially viable products. This paper examined the applicability of project management tools to address nanosafety in an efficient manner. Using objectives oriented project planning (OOPP) we describe a new integrated content of the problem tree, the result tree, and the logical framework approach (LFA), by modeling our nanomedicine research project entitled “Nanomedicine preparation based on antibody drug conjugate (ADC)” as a case study. As a main result of the case study, we demonstrated an LFA matrix that highlights the need to deal with nanosafety as an activity of the research project. Consequently, the activity can lead to the output, standing operating procedure (SOP), for managing the project waste disposals and its deliverables side effects. In general, such output can be concluded as an important output for all nanoscience research projects to avoid underestimating risks for their nano-objects. Moreover, this article is written in the hope of providing an easy-to-understand template of project management tools for novice nanomedicine researchers who aim to apply OOPP in the design of their research projects.
An outbreak of meningococcal meningitis in Gauteng, Spring 1996. (1999)

In 1996 Gauteng experienced an epidemic of serogroup A meningococcal meningitis. The serotype that caused the majority of cases had been recorded in South Africa before, but serogroup A clone III-1, responsible for epidemics spreading across two continents, was recorded in South Africa for the first time. Notification of cases by health workers was inadequate in this epidemic.
Understanding cellular disruptions during early embryo development that perturb viability and fetal development (2005)

An inability to regulate ionic and metabolic homeostasis is related to a reduction in the developmental capacity of the embryo. The early embryo soon after fertilisation and up until compaction appears to have a reduced capacity to regulate its homeostasis. The reduced ability to regulate homeostasis, such as intracellular pH and calcium levels, by the precompaction-stage embryo appears to impact on the ability to regulate mitochondrial function and maintain adequate levels of energy production. This reduction in ATP production causes a cascade of events leading to disrupted cellular function and, perhaps ultimately, disrupted epigenetic regulation and aberrant placental and fetal development. In contrast, after compaction the embryo takes on a more somatic cell-like physiology and is better able to regulate its physiology and therefore appears less vulnerable to stress. Therefore, for human IVF it would seem important for the establishment of healthy pregnancies that the embryos are maintained in systems that are designed to minimise homeostatic stress, particularly for the cleavage-stage embryos, as exposure to stress is likely to culminate in impaired embryo function.
Preliminary Evaluation of the Cognitive and Linguistic Scale (2008)

On the basis of these preliminary analyses, the CALS is a promising measure to track cognitive and linguistic recovery in children and adolescents with brain injury during inpatient rehabilitation.
Amino‐Functionalized Silica Membranes for Enhanced Carbon Dioxide Permeation (2005)

Abstract Functionalization of silica membranes is important for enhancing surface interactions with specific chemicals in order to enhance separations. It is important to develop synthesis strategies that allow control over the density and the surface chemistry of the functional group in order to tailor the membrane separation properties. In this paper we investigate the ability of amino functionalization to enhance CO 2 transport in silica membranes. Specifically, we examine three synthesis techniques for functionalizing silica membranes with amino groups that result in different surface chemistries of the silica membranes. Silica membranes are amino‐functionalized by atomic layer deposition (ALD) with aminopropyldimethylethoxysilane (APDMES), ethylenediamine (EDA)‐assisted APDMES ALD, and direct attachment of aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) from the liquid phase. Three different reaction schemes are presented and verified by using Fourier‐transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The FTIR measurements were performed on silica powders that were processed using the same reaction conditions as the membranes used in this study. The differences in reaction schemes are correlated with changes in the CO 2 facilitation characteristics. It is found that high loadings of amino groups, in which interaction with the silica surface is minimized, promote the highest CO 2 transport.
Genome-wide analysis of microRNA156 and its targets, the genes encoding SQUAMOSA promoter-binding protein-like (SPL) transcription factors, in the grass family Poaceae (2021)

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are endogenous small non-coding RNAs that play an important role in post-transcriptional gene regulation in plants and animals by targeting messenger RNAs (mRNAs) for cleavage or repressing translation of specific mRNAs. The first miRNA identified in plants, miRNA156 (miR156), targets the SQUAMOSA promoter-binding protein-like (SPL) transcription factors, which play critical roles in plant phase transition, flower and plant architecture, and fruit development. We identified multiple copies of <i>MIR156</i> and <i>SPL</i> in the rice, <i>Brachypodium</i>, sorghum, maize, and foxtail millet genomes. Sequence and chromosomal synteny analysis showed that both <i>MIR156</i>s and <i>SPL</i>s are conserved across species in the grass family. Analysis of expression data of the <i>SPL</i>s in eleven juvenile and adult rice tissues revealed that four non-miR156-targeted genes were highly expressed and three miR156-targeted genes were only slightly expressed in all tissues/developmental stages. The remaining <i>SPL</i>s were highly expressed in the juvenile stage, but their expression was lower in the adult stage. It has been proposed that under strong selective pressure, non-miR156-targeted mRNA may be able to re-structure to form a miRNA-responsive element. In our analysis, some non-miR156-targeted <i>SPL</i>s (<i>SPL5</i>/<i>8</i>/<i>10</i>) had gene structure and gene expression patterns similar to those of miR156-targeted genes, suggesting that they could diversify into miR156-targeted genes. DNA methylation profiles of <i>SPL</i>s and <i>MIR156</i>s in different rice tissues showed diverse methylation patterns, and hypomethylation of non-CG sites was observed in rice endosperm. Our findings suggested that <i>MIR156</i>s and <i>SPL</i>s had different origination and evolutionary mechanisms: the <i>SPL</i>s appear to have resulted from vertical evolution, whereas <i>MIR156</i>s appear to have resulted from strong evolutionary selection on mature sequences.
Revolution of Alzheimer Precision Neurology. Passageway of Systems Biology and Neurophysiology (2018)

The Precision Neurology development process implements systems theory with system biology and neurophysiology in a parallel, bidirectional research path: a combined hypothesis-driven investigation of systems dysfunction within distinct molecular, cellular, and large-scale neural network systems in both animal models as well as through tests for the usefulness of these candidate dynamic systems biomarkers in different diseases and subgroups at different stages of pathophysiological progression. This translational research path is paralleled by an "omics"-based, hypothesis-free, exploratory research pathway, which will collect multimodal data from progressing asymptomatic, preclinical, and clinical neurodegenerative disease (ND) populations, within the wide continuous biological and clinical spectrum of ND, applying high-throughput and high-content technologies combined with powerful computational and statistical modeling tools, aimed at identifying novel dysfunctional systems and predictive marker signatures associated with ND. The goals are to identify common biological denominators or differentiating classifiers across the continuum of ND during detectable stages of pathophysiological progression, characterize systems-based intermediate endophenotypes, validate multi-modal novel diagnostic systems biomarkers, and advance clinical intervention trial designs by utilizing systems-based intermediate endophenotypes and candidate surrogate markers. Achieving these goals is key to the ultimate development of early and effective individualized treatment of ND, such as Alzheimer's disease. The Alzheimer Precision Medicine Initiative (APMI) and cohort program (APMI-CP), as well as the Paris based core of the Sorbonne University Clinical Research Group "Alzheimer Precision Medicine" (GRC-APM) were recently launched to facilitate the passageway from conventional clinical diagnostic and drug development toward breakthrough innovation based on the investigation of the comprehensive biological nature of aging individuals. The APMI movement is gaining momentum to systematically apply both systems neurophysiology and systems biology in exploratory translational neuroscience research on ND.
Modelos de administración y gestión, políticas y metodologías, en materia de e-learning para la enseñanza en la universidad pública española (2010)

Proyecto elaborado en el ambito de la 'III convocatoria de ayudas a la innovacion educativa: convocatoria para el desarrollo y participacion en proyectos de innovacion educativa y mejora de la calidad docente, curso 2007-2008'
Paper-Thin InGaP/ GaAs Solar Cells (2006)

A paper-thin, lightweight InGaP/GaAs solar cell with high efficiency and flexibility has been developed. A high-efficiency thin-film cell can be obtained for cell fabrication both before and after removing the substrate. Introducing a tunnel junction as the contact layer between the cell and metal film improves cell characteristics (Fill Factor (FF) and open-circuit voltage (Voc)). A highly doped n-type layer is necessary for good ohmic contact at the metal film interface. High radiation resistance of a thin-film cell was confirmed for a GaAs cell with a one-micron base layer. The thin-film cell was laminated for better handling. The laminated cell efficiency was about 22%. Anti-reflective coating is necessary on the laminate film to improve cell efficiency. A prototype unit panel using the laminated cells was developed for space application. An output power per weight of over 1W/g is possible for the unit panel. However, development of a bypass diode with thin-film structure is currently a problem, and reliability tests need to be performed for the unit panel
Energy-efficient operation of an indirect adiabatic cooling system for data centers (2017)

Nowadays, the total power consumed by data centers is increasing more and more. In particular, the power consumed by data center facilities accounts for about half of total input power. In this paper, a hierarchical control structure is proposed for efficient management of an indirect adiabatic cooling system, which utilizes fresh air. Data center cooling needs can be met with various combinations of modes of operation that can be set by a supervisor to maximize the overall operating efficiency. Here, the best combination is determined by solving an energy based optimization problem, which is faced by means of a nature-inspired optimization algorithm. The effectiveness of the proposed control system is evaluated by resorting to a simulation environment, that is developed in Matlab/Simulink and where the performance of the computers room air conditioning unit is described.
Predicting the effects of error sources in bandgap reference circuits and evaluating their design implications (2003)

Errors that arise from tolerance variations and mismatches between devices severely degrade the performance of bandgap reference circuits, which are essential building blocks to all high-performance systems. All these error sources have been analyzed (and verified through SPICE) and their design implications have been addressed. It has been found that resistor tolerance aid current-mirror mismatch are the dominant sources of error in bandgap reference-type circuits. Further, it has been found that resistor mismatch, transistor mismatch, and current-mirror mismatch errors have a PTAT variation, while resistor tolerance error has a CTAT dependence - both PTAT and CTAT errors are eliminated by trimming the PTAT terminating resistor in a bandgap circuit, only at room temperature. Resistor TC errors cannot be trimmed out and hence resistors must therefore be carefully selected and designed.
Influence of defective elements on performance of frequency selective surfaces (2013)

The performances of frequency selective surface arrays in which some of the conducting elements at randomly chosen locations were absent or defective are described. The aim was to assess the proportion of defects that can be tolerated when low‐cost fabrication techniques are employed.
DialogOS: Simple and extensible dialog modeling (2018)

We present the open-source extensible dialog manager DialogOS. DialogOS features simple finite-state based dialog management (which can be expanded to more complex DM strategies via a full-fledged scripting language) in combination with integrated speech recognition and synthesis in multiple languages. DialogOS runs on all major platforms, provides a simple-to-use graphical interface and can easily be extended via well-defined plugin and client interfaces, or can be integrated server-side into larger existing software infrastructures. We hope that DialogOS will help foster research and teaching given that it lowers the bar of entry into building and testing spoken dialog systems and provides paths to extend one’s system as development progresses.