gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Data from Aneuploidy-Dependent Massive Deregulation of the Cellular Transcriptome and Apparent Divergence of the Wnt/β-catenin Signaling Pathway in Human Rectal Carcinomas (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;To identify genetic alterations underlying rectal carcinogenesis, we used global gene expression profiling of a series of 17 locally advanced rectal adenocarcinomas and 20 normal rectal mucosa biopsies on oligonucleotide arrays. A total of 351 genes were differentially expressed (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 1.0e−7) between normal rectal mucosa and rectal carcinomas, 77 genes had a &gt;5-fold difference, and 85 genes always had at least a 2-fold change in all of the matched samples. Twelve genes satisfied all three of these criteria. Altered expression of genes such as &lt;i&gt;PTGS2&lt;/i&gt; (&lt;i&gt;COX-2&lt;/i&gt;), &lt;i&gt;WNT1, TGFB1, VEGF&lt;/i&gt;, and &lt;i&gt;MYC&lt;/i&gt; was confirmed, whereas our data for other genes, like &lt;i&gt;PPARD&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;LEF1&lt;/i&gt;, were inconsistent with previous reports. In addition, we found deregulated expression of many genes whose involvement in rectal carcinogenesis has not been reported. By mapping the genomic imbalances in the tumors using comparative genomic hybridization, we could show that DNA copy number gains of recurrently aneuploid chromosome arms 7p, 8q, 13q, 18q, 20p, and 20q correlated significantly with their average chromosome arm expression profile. Taken together, our results show that both the high-level, significant transcriptional deregulation of specific genes and general modification of the average transcriptional activity of genes residing on aneuploid chromosomes coexist in rectal adenocarcinomas. (Cancer Res 2006; 66(1): 267-82)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Damage mechanics based approach to predicting cyclic pavement response and cumulative damage due to heavy vehicles (2005)

This paper applies a recently developed micromechanics-based model of a concrete pavement to predict fatigue-induced cracking due to the multiple dynamic loadings associated with heavy vehicles. A damage parameter is developed, and plots describing the state of accumulated damage for multiple dynamic loadings are presented. Lastly, the Taguchi method, a statistics-based quality engineering method that has been applied to design, is employed to help understand the most critical design parameters contributing to the damage growth.
The Pixon Method of Image Reconstruction (1999)

. The Pixon method is a high-performance, nonlinear image reconstruction method that provides statistically unbiased photometry and robust rejection of spurious sources. Relative to other methods, it can increase linear spatial resolution by a factor of a few and sensitivity by an order of magnitude or more. All of these benefits are achieved in computation times that can be orders of magnitude faster than its best competitors. 1. Introduction Optimal extraction of the underlying quantities from measured data requires the removal of measurement defects such as noise and limited instrumental resolution. When the underlying quantity is an image, this process is known as image reconstruction (sometimes called image restoration, if the data are also in the form of an image). The original Pixon method (Pina &amp;amp; Puetter 1993; Puetter &amp;amp; Pina 1993; Puetter 1995, 1997) was developed to eliminate problems with existing image reconstruction techniques, particularly signal-correlated residuals a...
Antigenically-related Viruses Associated with Infectious Bursal Disease (1973)

SUMMARY Bursae from chickens infected with infectious bursal disease have been examined by immune electron microscopy. Two types of virus particle have been detected, the larger being 55 to 60 nm in diam. and markedly hexagonal in outline, while the smaller has an appearance similar to that of the parvoviruses with a diam. of 18 to 22 nm. The presence of mixed aggregates and demonstrable antibody-bridging show that the two types of particle have at least one surface antigen in common.
Cytotoxic effects against HeLa cells of polysaccharides from seaweeds. (2001)

Polysaccharides extracted from several red and brown seaweeds growing along the South American coasts were evaluated regarding their cytotoxic effects against HeLa cells. Sulfated galactans were isolated and purified from the red algae Bostrychia montagnei (BHW and B4 fractions, 17 and 22% SO3Na, respectively) and Porphyra columbina (PC75 fraction, 15.6% SO3Na). At maximum concentration of 80 microg/mL, these fractions promoted atypical mitoses in HeLa cells, presence of atypical nuclei and blebs. Alginic acid (160.0 microg/mL) isolated from the brown seaweed Laminaria brasiliensis (molar ratio M/G 1.2) and its M and G blocks (40.0 microg/mL; DP = 20), promoted similar morphologic alterations besides the presence of acidophilic material in the cellular cytoplasm and occurrence of multinuclear cells present in the monolayer. The polysaccharide fraction SF isolated from the brown seaweed Sargassum stenophyllum containing mainly fucose and presenting molar ratio of sulfate/sugar 1.9, promoted very accentuated morphologic modifications in HeLa cells at low concentrations. SF (2.5 microg/mL) caused significant alterations in the cellular morphology and reduction of the growth, such effects being dose dependent. At 40.0 microg/mL, accentuated decrease of the number of mitosis illustrations accompanied by an increase in the number of condensed cells, atypical nuclei, number of clusters and blebs. These results demonstrated that among the anionic polysaccharides tested, the sulfated fucans were those which caused greater cytotoxic effects in HeLa cells.
Clinical translational failure in neuroprotective agents: the steps from animal experiments to clinical trials (2013)

The discrepancy in results regarding neuroprotective agents in animal experiments compared to clinical trials is a major problem. While many neuroprotective agents have been proven effective in a variety of animal ischemic stroke models, none have been shown to work in phase III clinical trials. This review retrospectively summarizes the neuroprotectants selected for human randomized controlled trials (RCT) and explores the reasons behind the clinical translational failure of these agents. Here, we suggest that there are many factors (model selection, anesthetic choice, physiological monitoring, model success criteria, embolus property, reperfusion damage, infarction area, therapeutic time window, drug penetration, blood concentration, gender difference, and outcome evaluation) responsible for this phenomenon. Ultra-early treatment using a "home run" drug and multi-target therapy may be the most promising for future consideration.
Corrosion Behavior of Single‐Crystal Alumina in Argon, Air, and Water Vapor Atmospheres at 1700‐2000°C (1999)

The results for the corrosion of alumina single crystals at 1700‐2000°C in argon, argon/water vapor, air, and air/water vapor for 10 h are reported. There were no obvious weight and volume changes after corrosion. White spots were observed on the surfaces of the specimens after corrosion tests. The initial temperature for the appearance of these white spots was 1800°C for argon and air, 1900°C for argon/water vapor, and 2000°C for air/water vapor. These white spots were likely formed by internal impurities, which diffused outward to the surface and coalesced at high temperatures. There was no evidence of corrosion damage inside the specimens. The flexural strength of the specimens was clearly enhanced after the corrosion tests and showed no evident relation to the corrosion conditions. This increase in strength after corrosion was likely due to the healing of surface machining flaws. The surface flaw healing temperature for alumina crystals was higher than 1400°C.
Deacidification of soybean oil by membrane technology (1996)

Abstract After extracting free fatty acids (FFA) from a model crude vegetable oil with methanol, FFA were separated from methanol by nanofiltration. Of the several commercially available membranes that were evaluated, the best resulted in FFA rejection of &gt;90% and flux of &gt;25 Lm −2 h −1 . A combination of high‐rejection and low‐rejection membranes resulted in a retentate stream of 35% FFA and a permeate stream with less than 0.04% FFA, which can be recycled to the extractor. No alkali is required, no soapstock is formed, and almost all streams within the membrane process are recycled with little discharged as effluent.
Comparison of the efficacy of a phenothiazine and a bisquinaldinium calmodulin antagonist against multidrug-resistant P388 cell lines. (1990)

Dequalinium belongs to a group of cationic lipophilic drugs believed to be selectively cytotoxic to malignant cells of epithelial origin by virtue of their accumulation in mitochondria. In addition, they are potent inhibitors of calmodulin and, therefore, might sensitize multidrug-resistant cells to chemotherapeutic agents. We compared the responsiveness of multidrug-resistant cells to the effect of dequalinium with that to trifluoperazine, a potent phenothiazine inhibitor of calmodulin. In addition, we studied the effect of these drugs on the responsiveness of multidrug-resistant cell lines to doxorubicin. The effect of drugs on P388 murine leukemic cells was determined by cell counting, [3H]thymidine incorporation into DNA, or soft agar cloning. Drug accumulation was measured by fluorescence spectrophotometry. We found that multidrug-resistant lines were less sensitive than parental cell lines to the intrinsic growth inhibitory effects of dequalinium (IC50, 4.4 versus 0.3 microM in multidrug-resistant and sensitive P388 cells, respectively), whereas they were equally sensitive as the parental line to the effects of trifluoperazine. Following a 3-h exposure of P388/doxorubicin-resistant cells to 0-100 microM doxorubicin with or without either 10 microM dequalinium or 10 microM trifluoperazine, the latter increased the sensitivity to doxorubicin whereas the former had little effect (IC50 values were doxorubicin, 30 microM; doxorubicin plus dequalinium, 25 microM; doxorubicin plus trifluoperazine, 4 microM). Calmodulin prepared from resistant cells were equally sensitive to inhibition by dequalinium and trifluoperazine. P388/doxorubicin-resistant cells accumulated 4.5-fold less dequalinium than P388 cells whereas trifluoperazine was accumulated equally in both. The addition of 4 microM trifluoperazine to resistant cells exposed to 0-100 microM dequalinium completely reversed the alteration in accumulation and resistance to the dequalinium. These studies demonstrate that certain multidrug-resistant lines are cross-resistant to dequalinium and that sensitivity can be completely restored by nontoxic concentrations of trifluoperazine. The resistance appears to be due to changes in drug accumulation and not to be related to an altered sensitivity of calmodulin.
Polycyclic heterocycles with acidic N-H groups VIII. The synthesis of some binuclear N-H acids with free rotary 1,2,4-triazole, 6-azauracile and pyrazole ring (2006)

4-(2-Aminobenzyl)-3-phenyl-4,5-dihydro [1,2,4]triazol-5-one (3) was prepared by catalytic hydrogenation of the corresponding 1-benzoyl-4-(2-nitrobenzyl)semicarbazide ( 2).The cyclization of 3 in alkaline medium led to the 4-(2-aminobenzyl)-3-phenyl-4,5dihydro[1,2,4]triazol-5-one (4) which was the key intermediate for the synthesis of target bicyclic heterocyclic NH acids.By the diazotation of 4 and coupling of the resulting diazonium salt with ethyl cyanoacetylcarbamate or malonodinitrile, the hydrazones 5a and 5b, respectively, were prepared.These arylhydrazones were then transformed into [1,2,4]triazine (5c) and 1,3diaminopyrazole (5d).
Tunable Ultrasmall Visible-to-Extended Near-Infrared Emitting Silver Sulfide Quantum Dots for Integrin-Targeted Cancer Imaging (2015)

The large size of many near-infrared (NIR) fluorescent nanoparticles prevents rapid extravasation from blood vessels and subsequent diffusion to tumors. This confines in vivo uptake to the peritumoral space and results in high liver retention. In this study, we developed a viscosity modulated approach to synthesize ultrasmall silver sulfide quantum dots (QDs) with distinct tunable light emission from 500 to 1200 nm and a QD core diameter between 1.5 and 9 nm. Conjugation of a tumor-avid cyclic pentapeptide (Arg-Gly-Asp-DPhe-Lys) resulted in monodisperse, water-soluble QDs (hydrodynamic diameter < 10 nm) without loss of the peptide's high binding affinity to tumor-associated integrins (KI = 1.8 nM/peptide). Fluorescence and electron microscopy showed that selective integrin-mediated internalization was observed only in cancer cells treated with the peptide-labeled QDs, demonstrating that the unlabeled hydrophilic nanoparticles exhibit characteristics of negatively charged fluorescent dye molecules, which typically do not internalize in cells. The biodistribution profiles of intravenously administered QDs in different mouse models of cancer reveal an exceptionally high tumor-to-liver uptake ratio, suggesting that the small sized QDs evaded conventional opsonization and subsequent high uptake in the liver and spleen. The seamless tunability of the QDs over a wide spectral range with only a small increase in size, as well as the ease of labeling the bright and noncytotoxic QDs with biomolecules, provides a platform for multiplexing information, tracking the trafficking of single molecules in cells, and selectively targeting disease biomarkers in living organisms without premature QD opsonization in circulating blood.
Effect of water extract of the bark of Buchanania lanzan linn. on behaviour and chromatophores of a fresh water fish, Labeo rohita. (2001)

Fish exposed to 150 ppm and 250 ppm doses saparately, showed eratic swimming with hyper-excitability, spiralling, convulsion and mortality. However at 350 ppm dose fish became lethargic and steady at the bottom of aquarium. This behaviour appears to be due to sedative effects of fish implicating the phychoactive nature of the plant B. Ianzan. At 150 ppm to 350 ppm doses, fish scale changed from reticulate to punctate chromatophores; and treated fish when transferred to fresh water, were slowly regained to normal behaviour after 96 h exposure. Hence doses regaining from 150 ppm to 350 ppm is considered to be psychoative in nature. In higher doses 450 ppm and 550 ppm fish could survive only 76 h and 4.30 h respectively and then died indicating toxicity of plant for the said doses. It is found that scale present on its body is most suitable test system for the study of psychoactivity and toxicity of plant extracts on fish, Labeo rohita.
ASR - Traction Control - A Logical Extension of ABS (1987)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Control of a car is lost, or considerably reduced, whenever one or more of the wheels exceed the stability limit during braking or accelerating due to excessive brake or drive slip.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;The problem of ensuring optimum stability, steerability and brake distance of a car during hard braking is solved by means of the well-known Anti-lock Braking System (ABS). The task to guarantee stability, steerability and optimum traction during acceleration, particularly on asymmetrical road surfaces and during cornering maneuvers, is being performed by the traction control system (ASR).&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Several means to provide an optimum traction control are described, e. g the control of engine torque by influencing the throttle plate and/or the ignition and/or the fuel injection. Besides these means serving mainly the car's stability, means for the optimization of the traction, especially on split u surfaces, through brake-force control of the driven wheels or through a variable limited-slip differential are explained.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Closed-loop control of the engine drag torque (MSR) is an advantageous addition to ABS in order to guarantee stability and steerability, especially on cars with manual transmissions.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Several ASR-system configurations are described and evaluated.&lt;/div&gt;
Supplementary Table 1 from Analysis of Gene Expression Profiles of Microdissected Cell Populations Indicates that Testicular Carcinoma <i>In situ</i> Is an Arrested Gonocyte (2023)

Supplementary Table 1 from Analysis of Gene Expression Profiles of Microdissected Cell Populations Indicates that Testicular Carcinoma &lt;i&gt;In situ&lt;/i&gt; Is an Arrested Gonocyte
Effect of soil physical factors on methyl iodide and methyl bromide (1998)

Production and importation of methyl bromide is scheduled to be banned by 2001. Methyl iodide was evaluated as a possible replacement soil fumigant. The effects of soil moisture, temperature, soil texture and fumigation time on the efficacy of methyl iodide for the control of two common weeds, Abutilon theophrasti and Lolium multiflorum, were characterized and compared with those of methyl bromide. The optimal soil moisture for methyl iodide to kill both weed species in sandy soils was 14% water content (w/w). Greater efficacy was obtained when the temperature during fumigation was above 20°C. Compared to methyl bromide, the efficacy of methyl iodide was more consistent in different soils. Time to 100% mortality of weeds was 24 h for methyl iodide fumigation and 36 h for methyl bromide when 200 μM of fumigant was used. On a molar basis methyl iodide was consistently more effective than methyl bromide across the range of environmental factors tested. In terms of application technology and spectrum of activity, methyl bromide can be directly replaced by methyl iodide. © 1998 SCI
Optical modeling of plasma-deposited ZnO films: Electron scattering at different length scales (2014)

In this work, an optical modeling study on electron scattering mechanisms in plasma-deposited ZnO layers is presented. Because various applications of ZnO films pose a limit on the electron carrier density due to its effect on the film transmittance, higher electron mobility values are generally preferred instead. Hence, insights into the electron scattering contributions affecting the carrier mobility are required. In optical models, the Drude oscillator is adopted to represent the free-electron contribution and the obtained optical mobility can be then correlated with the macroscopic material properties. However, the influence of scattering phenomena on the optical mobility depends on the considered range of photon energy. For example, the grain-boundary scattering is generally not probed by means of optical measurements and the ionized-impurity scattering contribution decreases toward higher photon energies. To understand this frequency dependence and quantify contributions from different scattering phenomena to the mobility, several case studies were analyzed in this work by means of spectroscopic ellipsometry and Fourier transform infrared (IR) spectroscopy. The obtained electrical parameters were compared to the results inferred by Hall measurements. For intrinsic ZnO (i-ZnO), the in-grain mobility was obtained by fitting reflection data with a normal Drude model in the IR range. For Al-doped ZnO (Al:ZnO), besides a normal Drude fit in the IR range, an Extended Drude fit in the UV-vis range could be used to obtain the in-grain mobility. Scattering mechanisms for a thickness series of Al:ZnO films were discerned using the more intuitive parameter “scattering frequency” instead of the parameter “mobility”. The interaction distance concept was introduced to give a physical interpretation to the frequency dependence of the scattering frequency. This physical interpretation furthermore allows the prediction of which Drude models can be used in a specific frequency range.
Multimodal Bag-of-Words for Cross Domains Sentiment Analysis (2018)

The advantages of using cross domain data when performing text-based sentiment analysis have been established; however, similar findings have yet to be observed when performing multimodal sentiment analysis. A potential reason for this is that systems based on feature extracted from speech and facial features are susceptible to confounding effecting caused by different recording conditions associated with data collected in different locations. In this regard, we herein explore different Bag-of-Words paradigms to aid sentiment detection by providing training material from an additional dataset. Key results presented indicate that using a Bag-of-Words extraction paradigm that takes into account information from both the test domain and the out of domain datasets yields gains in system performance.
Transforming a circular laser beam into a square or trapezoid--almost (1992)

An aberrated laser beam will change shape as it propagates. We use this phenomenon to transform a collimated, uniform-intensity, round beam into a square beam with rounded corners and a fairly uniform intensity. The square beam can be recollimated because no rays cross each other. We found a similar transformation that turns a circular beam into a trapezoidal shape with rounded corners. These aberrating elements can be fabricated using binary optics technology.
Synthesis of Electromagnetic Functionalized Barium Ferrite Nanoparticles Embedded in Polypyrrole (2008)

With flaky BaFe12O19 nanoparticles (BF NPs, 10-20 nm in thickness) as polymerization seeds, electromagnetic functionalized and microstructured quasi-spherical PPY/BF (PPY: polypyrrole) organic-inorganic composites were prepared by a conventional in situ chemical oxidative polymerization. X-ray diffraction and Fourier transform infrared analyses interpreted that there was no obvious chemical interaction between BF NPs and PPY in the composites but that BF NPs only served as the nucleation sites for the polymerization of pyrrole. As compared to pure BF NPs, PPY/BF composites showed distinct increases in electrical conductivities and decreases in magnetization and thus improved the matched characteristic impedance of the free space, leading to a substantial enhancement of reflection loss at 2-18 GHz. For the first time, multi-layered and single-layered films formed at different places on the reaction flask were studied by scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray analysis, indicating that the films composed of quasi-spherical microstructures can be very different in morphology but surprisingly contain no BF NPs.
ChemInform Abstract: Convenient Syntheses and Characterization of Fluorophilic Perfluorooctyl‐propyl Amines and ab initio Calculations of Proton Affinities of Related Model Compounds. (2001)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Reducing Time-dependent Bias in Estimates of the Attributable Cost of Health Care–associated Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus Infections (2015)

This is the first study to account for time-dependent bias in the estimation of incremental per-patient health care costs attributable to HAI using a unique dataset in the VA. We found that failure to account for this bias can lead to overestimation of these costs. Matching on the timing of infection can reduce this bias substantially.