gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Spin Probe Study of Mesoporous Silica Formation via a Neutral Templating Route (2003)

The structure of dodecylamine (DDA) aggregates acting as templates in the synthesis of mesoporous silica (in the DDA/water/ethanol/tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) system) has been studied via the EPR spectra of a variety of spin probes and of a spin-labeled silica precursor. Two recipes have been examined: one, starting from a water-rich DDA solution, A0, reported to produce a silica with framework mesopores and textural pores comparable in volume, and another, starting from an ethanol-rich solution, B0 which yields a solid having practically only framework pores. For both compositions the relative positions of the spin probes in the aggregates have been determined, the local polarities expressed in terms of the Kosower scale and their motions examined. The aggregates formed have been characterized as emulsion droplets for A0 and micelles with radii <25 Å for B0. After reaction of A0 and B0 with TEOS, all probes showed significantly hindered motion in the wet precipitates. In the solid B, precipitated from the ethanol-rich solvent, the spin probes 5- and 7-doxyl stearic acid (5- and 7-DSA) are strongly immobilized, while other probes maintain quasi-isotropic motion but with very large rotational correlation times. This pattern is characteristic of micelles with hindered tumbling and/or lateral diffusion and is assigned to those aggregates (in interaction with the silica component) on which the framework mesopores are formed. In solid A, precipitated from A0, 5- and 7-DSA spin probes maintain the spectra with anisotropic features, characterized by an order degree, found in the starting emulsion, but with evidence of tighter packing, while other probes have their rotation retarded. These aggregates have a low curvature interface, characteristic of emulsion droplets and are assumed to be at the origin of the large textural pores, which characterize this solid. Adsorption of probes after synthesis rather than before precipitation supports these assignments. We have also found that the surfactant−silica interaction is critically dependent on solvent. The strong immobilization of the probes in the interface region, observed during drying at low temperatures, is a reversible process, since under these conditions the silica network cross-linking is only incipient; 29Si NMR data show that cross-linking becomes important only above 90 °C.
Cl(-)-dependent NH4+ transport mechanisms in medullary thick ascending limb cells (1994)

To characterize Cl(-)-dependent NH4+ transport mechanisms in renal medullary thick ascending limb (MTAL), intracellular pH (pHi) and membrane potential (PD) were monitored with use of 2',7'-bis(carboxyethyl)- 5(6)-carboxyfluorescein and 3,3'-dipropylthiadicarbocyanine, respectively, in suspensions of rat MTAL tubules in CO2-free media. Exposure of MTAL cells to 4 mM NH4Br caused, after an initial cell alkalinization due to NH3 entry, an NH4(+)-induced fall in pHi that was approximately 67% less pronounced in Cl(-)-free than in Cl(-)-containing media. The following experiments were performed in the presence of 1 microM amiloride to block the MTAL NH4+ conductance. When cells were preincubated in a Cl(-)-free gluconate medium in which K+ and Cl- conductances are greatly reduced, abrupt addition of 100 mN N-methyl-D-glucamine (NMDG)-Cl had no effect on cell PD and pHi in the absence of ammonia, but acutely acidified the cells by approximately 0.2 pH units in the presence of 4 mM NH4Br, which thus indicated nonelectrogenic (NMDG-Cl)-dependent NH4+ influx. The latter also occurred in a Cl(-)-free thiocyanate medium in which the Cl- conductance was blocked by 0.1 mM diphenylamine-2-carboxylate (DPC). An NMDG-Cl- dependent NH4(+)-induced fall in pHi was reduced approximately 33% by 10 mM Ba+, approximately 84% by 0.1 mM bumetanide, and 100% by 1.5 mM furosemide, whereas 1 mM hydrochlorothiazide had no effect; inhibition by Ba+ was observed even in the presence of 0.1 mM verapamil added to block both K+ channels and K+/NH4+ antiport.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Modulation Flexibility in PLC: A Unified MCM Transceiver Design and Implementation (2010)

Multicarrier modulations (MCMs) have been considered as a good means to combat the frequency-selective fading. In practice, the MCM idea has already been integrated in most of the modern communication applications, including power line communications (PLCs). However, even in the MCM conception, there still exist several proposals of different schemes that remain competing with each other. In this paper, we unveil a flexibility gain that can possibly be obtained from the coexistence of different MCMs. This flexibility is termed as “modulation flexibility,” meaning that we switch among different MCM schemes according to the transmission environment, and such idea can be eventually realized by a unified MCM transceiver. This paper includes a presentation of its efficient implementation as well as its performance evaluation.
YopB and YopD constitute a novel class of Yersinia Yop proteins (1993)

Virulent Yersinia species harbor a common plasmid that encodes essential virulence determinants (Yersinia outer proteins [Yops]), which are regulated by the extracellular stimuli Ca2+ and temperature. The V-antigen-encoding operon has been shown to be involved in the Ca(2+)-regulated negative pathway. The genetic organization of the V-antigen operon and the sequence of the lcrGVH genes were recently presented. The V-antigen operon was shown to be a polycistronic operon having the gene order lcrGVH-yopBD (T. Bergman, S. Håkansson, A. Forsberg, L. Norlander, A. Macellaro, A. Bäckman, I. Bölin, and H. Wolf-Watz, J. Bacteriol. 173:1607-1616, 1991; S. B. Price, K. Y. Leung, S. S. Barve, and S. C. Straley, J. Bacteriol. 171:5646-5653, 1989). We present here the sequence of the distal part of the V-antigen operons of Yersinia pseudotuberculosis and Yersinia enterocolitica. The sequence information encompasses the yopB and yopD genes and a downstream region in both species. We conclude that the V-antigen operon ends with the yopD gene. This conclusion is strengthened by the observation of an insertion-like element downstream of the yopD gene. The translational start codons of YopB and YopD have been identified by N-terminal amino acid sequencing. By computer analysis, the yopB and yopD gene products were found to be possible transmembrane proteins, and YopD was shown to contain an amphipathic alpha-helix in its carboxy terminus. These findings contrast with the general globular pattern observed for other Yops. Homology between Yersinia LcrH and Shigella flexneri IppI and between Yersinia YopB and S. flexneri IpaB was found, suggesting conservation of this locus between these two genera. YopB was also found to have a moderate level of homology, especially within the hydrophobic regions, to members of the RTX protein family of alpha-hemolysins and leukotoxins, indicating that YopB might exhibit a similar function.
Transient photoconductivity in Ge:Be due toBe+formation (1989)

The effect of the formation of the overcharged Be acceptor center, ${\mathrm{Be}}^{+}$, on transient photoconductive response has been studied in Ge:Be. The response of the photocurrent to step-function changes in photon backgrounds (\ensuremath{\lambda}=40 \ensuremath{\mu}m) is dominated by a slow transient with time constants on the order of 0.1--1.0 s at temperatures of 2--3 K. The activation energy of the hole-trapping phenomenon has been measured to be 4.3 meV. Application of 9.8\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{8}$ dyn/${\mathrm{cm}}^{2}$ uniaxial stress, sufficient to eliminate ${\mathrm{Be}}^{+}$ formation, also eliminates the slow-transient response. Modeling of the transient response, in a unipolar system where the trapping mechanism is assumed to be hole trapping by ${\mathrm{Be}}^{0}$, results in good agreement with the experimental results.
Investigation of THz Absorptive Signatures in Opioids (2021)

We investigate the possibility of sensing opioid drugs, such as fentanyl, by their THz electromagnetic signatures. The methods include both computer modeling and experiments. Molecular dynamics simulations predict that fentanyl should display THz resonances, with several of them occurring below 1.0 THz; the lowest one is at around 0.337 THz (337 GHz). Spectroscopy measurements were conducted on oxycodone, which was used as a surrogate for fentanyl. They display vibrational absorption resonances between ∼1.4 and 1.6 THz.
Theories of Aerodynamic Forces on Decks of Long Span Bridges (2000)

Long span bridges are one of the most challenging kinds of structures in civil engineering. Wind loading and wind effects are highly important aspects when designing this typology. The interaction between wind and structure, studied by using aeroelasticity theory, allows us to understand several classes of structural instabilities that may appear. Also, wind tunnel data, obtained by conducting careful testing of reduced models of bridges, produce useful information about prototypes' characteristics. A fundamental aspect of bridge design under aeroelastic constraints is identification of aerodynamic forces; several models for this purpose are presented in this paper. First, a model based on a two-degrees-of-freedom plane plate moving in an incompressible fluid is reviewed; this approach, although useful in airfoil engineering, is not valid any longer in civil engineering, as bridge decks are bluff bodies. Second, a linearized theory, also based on a two-degrees-of-freedom model is analyzed; in this case, obtaining aerodynamic forces requires identification of a set of coefficients, called flutter derivatives, that can be found by carrying out testing of reduced models of a segment of bridge deck. Finally, an extension of that approach, leading to a linearized theory of a three-degrees-of-freedom model is presented.
Engine Control of a Downsized Spark Ignited Engine: from Simulation to Vehicle (2007)

Tightening European standards on fuel consumption and pollutant emissions reduction lead to a sophistication of engine concepts and associated control. Since few years, downsizing (reduction of the engine displacement) appears as a major way to achieve those requirements for spark ignition engines. Efficient performance and drivability can be then achieved with a direct injection downsized engine with turbocharging and Variable Camshaft Timing (VCT). One of the major issues of the torque-oriented control is in-cylinder mass observation and control. To have an efficient torque response, the in-cylinder trapped mass, adjusted by the throttle and the waste gate, must be controlled with accuracy according to performance and drivability requirements. Depending on admission and exhaust pressures, the twin VCT will allow to control in-cylinder burned gases rate to reduce fuel consumption and pollutant emissions, and air scavenging to improve transient speed response. Another major issue is in-cylinder trapped mass and air scavenging prediction for AFR control. In this paper, we propose a model-based approach to achieve those engine control issues. The first challenge is to design accurate observers for non-measurable variables (in-cylinder burned gases and trapped air mass). The method is based on a complex high frequency 0D engine model, which has been validated on a large range of engine operating points and transient operations based on test bed results. Then, this model permits to design and learn open-loop nonlinear static observers of in-cylinder masses (based on neural network). The static and dynamic behavior of high frequency 0D engine model allows to achieve design of dynamic and closed-loop in-cylinder mass observation and prediction, multivariable and non-linear control of air path according to in-cylinder mass trajectory (trapped air mass & recirculated gases rate). Then, the complete engine control can be developed and validated on simulation and on a real time Software-In-the-Loop platform based on high frequency 0D engine model, before a complete validation and calibration on test bed. Finally, the complete torque-oriented engine control has been integrated on vehicle. From 0D engine model, a complete vehicle model has been set on real-time platform in order to validate engine control integration and design vehicle layout. The major issue is then supervision of engine control set points (torque, AFR, efficiency) according to engine states (start, idle, driver request, cut-off) and warm-up strategies.
Role of physiological ClC-1 Cl− ion channel regulation for the excitability and function of working skeletal muscle (2016)

Electrical membrane properties of skeletal muscle fibers have been thoroughly studied over the last five to six decades. This has shown that muscle fibers from a wide range of species, including fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals, are all characterized by high resting membrane permeability for Cl(-) ions. Thus, in resting human muscle, ClC-1 Cl(-) ion channels account for ∼80% of the membrane conductance, and because active Cl(-) transport is limited in muscle fibers, the equilibrium potential for Cl(-) lies close to the resting membrane potential. These conditions-high membrane conductance and passive distribution-enable ClC-1 to conduct membrane current that inhibits muscle excitability. This depressing effect of ClC-1 current on muscle excitability has mostly been associated with skeletal muscle hyperexcitability in myotonia congenita, which arises from loss-of-function mutations in the CLCN1 gene. However, given that ClC-1 must be drastically inhibited (∼80%) before myotonia develops, more recent studies have explored whether acute and more subtle ClC-1 regulation contributes to controlling the excitability of working muscle. Methods were developed to measure ClC-1 function with subsecond temporal resolution in action potential firing muscle fibers. These and other techniques have revealed that ClC-1 function is controlled by multiple cellular signals during muscle activity. Thus, onset of muscle activity triggers ClC-1 inhibition via protein kinase C, intracellular acidosis, and lactate ions. This inhibition is important for preserving excitability of working muscle in the face of activity-induced elevation of extracellular K(+) and accumulating inactivation of voltage-gated sodium channels. Furthermore, during prolonged activity, a marked ClC-1 activation can develop that compromises muscle excitability. Data from ClC-1 expression systems suggest that this ClC-1 activation may arise from loss of regulation by adenosine nucleotides and/or oxidation. The present review summarizes the current knowledge of the physiological factors that control ClC-1 function in active muscle.
Characterization of diamond phase in thin carbon films grown by laser ablation (1998)

Carbon films grown by KrF and ArF laser ablation of graphite were characterized by means of Raman and reflection high energy electron diffraction (RHEED) spectroscopies. Though Raman spectra of these films show only a weak characteristic peak of diamond, the existence of the diamond phase could be confirmed by RHEED measurements. It was found that the ArF laser grown films possess a trace of diamond phase or that these films at the threshold conditions for crystallization.
[Cotreatment of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients]. (1999)

In the treatment of cancers and infectious diseases, several drugs are administered simultaneously. Riluzole is a only drug which prolongs survival in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) patients, however its effect is modest. We review the preclinical data supporting combination treatment for ALS and discuss the possible combination treatment in patients with ALS. In vitro studies showed favorable results in combination of neurotrophic factors. The combination of BDNF and GDNF reduced motor neuron death after axotomy for more than either factor alone. CNTF and BDNF combination treatment in wobbler mice arrested paw deformity. In the treatment of ALS, riluzole is the only drug available by prescription. When combination treatment is considered in ALS, the most effective combination need to be addressed.
Biogenesis of a Photosystem I Light-Harvesting Complex (Evidence for a Membrane Intermediate) (1993)

CAB-7p is a chlorophyll a/b binding protein of photosystem I (PSI). It is found in light-harvesting complex I 680 (LHCI-680), one of the chlorophyll complexes produced by detergent solubilization of PSI. Two types of evidence are presented to indicate that assembly of CAB-7p into PSI proceeds through a membrane intermediate. First, when CAB-7p is briefly imported into chloroplasts or isolated thylakoids, we initially observe a fast-migrating membrane form of CAB-7p that is subsequently converted into PSI. The conversion of the fast-migrating form into PSI does not require stroma or ATP. Second, trypsin treatment of thylakoids containing radiolabeled CAB-7p indicates that there are at least two membrane forms of the mature 23-kD protein. The predominant form is completely resistant to proteolysis; a second form of the protein is cleaved by trypsin into 12- and 7-kD polypeptides. We interpret this to mean that the intermediate is a cleavable form that becomes protease resistant during assembly. This notion is supported by the observation that CAB-7p in LHCI-680 is largely cleaved by trypsin into 12- and 7-kD polypeptides, whereas CAB-7p in isolated PSI particles is trypsin resistant. In vitro, we generated a mutant form of CAB-7p, CAB-7/BgI2p, that was able to integrate into thylakoid membranes but was unable to assemble into PSI. The membrane form of CAB-7/BgI2p, like LHCI-680, was predominantly cleaved by trypsin into 12- and 7-kD fragments. We suggest that the mutant protein is arrested at an intermediate stage in the assembly pathway of PSI. Based on its mobility in nondenaturing gels and its susceptibility to protease cleavage, we suggest that the intermediate form is LHCI-680. We propose the following distinct stages in the biogenesis of LHCI: (a) apoprotein is integrated into the thylakoid, (b) chlorophyll is rapidly bound to apoprotein forming LHCI-680, and (c) LHCI-680 assembles into the native PSI complex.
Necessity of a bed-sensor in a smart digital home to care for elder-people (2008)

We are exploring the development of a smart digital home based on wireless sensors. The wireless sensors have more advantages when compared with the wired sensors as they are more flexible, portable, can be used in different places to remote monitor the various activities remotely. They even consume less power depending on their operation. Based on this technology a system has already been developed consisting three wireless sensors; these sensors detect use of electricity when the target appliances are connected to mains supply. But it has been realized that there is a requirement of a few more sensors to make a smart home monitoring system. This paper has reported the development of a bed-sensor which forms one of the sensors of the intelligent home monitoring system.
High pressure synthesis, crystal structure and physical properties of a new Ni(ii) perovskite BiNiO3 (2002)

A new triclinic perovskite, BiNiO3, has been synthesized at a high pressure of 6 GPa in an oxidizing atmosphere. Structure refinements based on synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction and bond-valence calculations revealed a disproportionation of the Bi ions into Bi3+ and Bi5+, both being located in distorted oxygen octahedra. Because of the presence of Bi5+, the oxidation state of Ni was +2, rather than +3 as had been expected; BiNiO3 thus showed insulating behavior with localized spins of S = 1.
Enhancing Performance of Stabilized Bismuth Oxide-Based Cathodes via Infiltration Process for LT-SOFCs (2015)

Nanostructured La 0.8 Sr 0.2 MnO 3-δ (LSM) - Er 0.4 Bi 1.6 O 3 (ESB) composite cathodes for lower temperature solid oxide fuel cells (LT-SOFCs) were developed via infiltration process. The perovskite phase of LSM nanoparticles deposited on the porous ESB scaffold was confirmed by X-ray diffraction (XRD). The microstructural evolution of the established nanostructures was observed using scanning electron microscope (SEM). The cathodic polarization resistances of the developed cathodes on GDC were measured by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and compared to the conventional LSM-ESB composite cathodes. The resultant area specific resistance (ASR) of the LSM infiltrated ESB cathodes was 1.24 Ω-cm 2 at 600 °C, which is ~34% lower than that of the conventional LSM-ESB composite cathode (1.88 Ω-cm 2 ) primarily due to enhanced ORR activities with increased TPB density in the nanostructured cathodes.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic Enantioselective Addition of Arylboronic Acids to N‐Boc Imines Generated in situ. (2008)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Kinetics of the Formation of 2D-Hexagonal Silica Nanostructured Materials by Nonionic Block Copolymer Templating in Solution (2011)

The different steps of the self-assembly in solution of several 2D-hexagonal silica nanostructured SBA-15 materials have been investigated by SAXS and SANS in situ experiments. Unique quantitative information about the shape and size evolution upon time of the micellar aggregates throughout the self-assembly process is obtained using a complete model that describes well the scattering data for the various synthesis conditions. In all cases, before the precipitation of the material, the micelles shape changes from spherical to rod-like, where the structure of the rod-like micelles is linked to the structure of the 2D-hexagonal precipitated material. In addition, the kinetics of hydrolysis of the inorganic precursor (TEOS) has been determined by in situ Raman spectroscopy. More specifically, by comparing synthesis made with different acids (HNO(3), HBr, HCl, H(2)SO(4), and H(3)PO(4)), it is found that materials prepared using the "salting-out" anions (SO(4)(2-) and H(2)PO(4)(-)) are much better ordered than with the "salting-in" anions (NO(3)(-) and Br(-)).
Response ofOryzaephilus surinamensis(Coleoptera: Silvanidae) to Food Odor Emanating Through Consumer Packaging Films (2004)

The sawtoothed grain beetle, Oryzaephilus surinamensis (L.), is an important pest of packaged consumer foods, yet little is known of its behavioral response to food odors. Adults and larvae are not believed to chew holes through packaging materials, but they may invade packaged food by entering through openings caused by improper sealing or handling, through holes intentionally placed in packages by the manufacturer, or through openings made by insects or other organisms. To better understand the mechanism of infestation of packaged foods by the sawtoothed grain beetle, we determined how food odor coming through the surface and through holes in consumer food packaging materials inuences female sawtoothed grain beetle movement. Mated female beetles responded with an area-concentrated search to the odor of dog food emitted from 0.5-mm-diameter holes punctured in two commonly used food packaging materials (Cello and 120 AB-X). Holes emitting no food odor did not inuence beetle behavior. Velocity and distance moved differed between lm types, perhaps because of surface characteristics of the lm inuencing traction, but no inuence of food odors coming through the lms was detected. This study indicates the necessity for improved package designs and better sealing and handling methods to prevent aws in packaging through which insects may enter.