gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Steroid metabolic disturbances in Prader‐Willi syndrome (1987)

We have studied steroid sulfate conjugates in serum samples from 17 children with Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) by extraction, enzymatic hydrolysis and chromatography of the hydrolysed, free steroids. The chromatograms in patients with PWS can be divided into 2 classes. Ten (4 with the deletion on chromosome 15 and 6 without) of 17 had a normal pattern with dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) as the only steroid detected. However, 7 out of 17 (3 with the deletion and 4 without) had a very different pattern. The chromatogram derived from these hydrolysates had 5 major peaks. One of these was DHEA; a second peak was tentatively identified as 16 alpha-hydroxy-DHEA on the basis of column retention time and immunoreactivity. The remaining 3, more polar, compounds have not yet been identified. The presence of unusual steroid sulfoconjugates in serum may correlate with other features of PWS and may be the basis for dividing PWS into two separate disease states: a) PWS-1 associated with DHEA-S as the only sulfo-conjugate and b) PWS-2 associated with unusual sulfo-conjugates. One interesting possibility is that these sulfo-conjugates may have a hormonal function, even though no function has yet been recognized for DHEA-S. Then, PWS may be the common clinical manifestation of a variety of different defects in the sulfo-conjugate metabolic pathway.
Application of Computational Morphology to Quantization Range Conversion (1997)

Computational mathematical morphology was developed to provide a unified framework for the design of optimal filters [50, 51, 52]. In the classical morphological formulation, the theory of optimal gray-scale morphological filters is distinct from the binary optimization theory. For computational morphological filters the theory is unified: the binary theory is simply a special case of the gray-scale theory. The present chapter focuses on a different special case within this framework: binary to gray-scale mapping. As in Chapter 6, the application is to quantization-range conversion for the purposes of image enhancement.
Characterization of mottle and low-frequency print defects (2007)

In this paper, we propose new techniques for detecting and quantifying print defects. In our previous work, we introduced a scanner-based print quality system to characterize directional print defects, such as banding, jitter, and streaking. We extend our previous print quality work two ways. First, we introduce techniques for detecting 2-D isotropic, mottled print defects such as grain and mottle. Wavelet pre-filtering is used to limit the defect's size or frequency range. Then we analyze the L* variation in the wavelet-processed images. The methods used to quantify grain and mottle are similar to ISO/IEC 13660 techniques. The second part of this paper provides techniques for detecting and quantifying low frequency directional defects, which we call left-to-right and top-to-bottom L* variation. Since these defects extend less than two cycles across the page, and probably less than a complete cycle, we fit a 4th-degree polynomial to the defect profile. To measure the strength of the defect, we use variational analysis of the fitted polynomial. Experimental results on 10 printers and 100 print samples showed an average correlation for isotropic defects of 0.85 between the proposed measures and experts' visual evaluation, and 0.97 for low frequency defects.
Role of Translocation of Pathogen-Associated Molecular Patterns in Sepsis (2009)

Pathogen-associated molecular patterns translocation may be at least partly responsible for the development of sepsis under conditions in which bacterial translocation may occur. Detection of bacterial DNA in blood and tissues/organs should be useful as a marker of translocation of pathogen-associated molecular patterns and/or bacterial translocation, and should have the predictive value for developing sepsis in surgical patients.
Acetylation- and Methylation-Related Epigenetic Proteins in the Context of Their Targets (2017)

The nucleosome surface is covered with multiple modifications that are perpetuated by eight different classes of enzymes. These enzymes modify specific target sites both on DNA and histone proteins, and these modifications have been well identified and termed "epigenetics". These modifications play critical roles, either by affecting non-histone protein recruitment to chromatin or by disturbing chromatin contacts. Their presence dictates the condensed packaging of DNA and can coordinate the orderly recruitment of various enzyme complexes for DNA manipulation. This genetic modification machinery involves various writers, readers, and erasers that have unique structures, functions, and modes of action. Regarding human disease, studies have mainly focused on the genetic mechanisms; however, alteration in the balance of epigenetic networks can result in major pathologies including mental retardation, chromosome instability syndromes, and various types of cancers. Owing to its critical influence, great potential lies in developing epigenetic therapies. In this regard, this review has highlighted mechanistic and structural interactions of the main epigenetic families with their targets, which will help to identify more efficient and safe drugs against several diseases.
Synthesis of the 3,5,3?,5?-3H4-2,2?-diphenylene-iodonium cation and of its 4-nitro derivative (2000)

The 3,5,3′,5′-3H4-2,2′-diphenyleneiodonium cation [3H]-1 was synthesized in three steps from cold 2,2′-diaminodiphenyl. The nitration of [3H]-1 gave easily the 4-nitro derivative [3H]-2. These two compounds which contain four tritium labels were obtained with a high specific activity, and are proposed as tools to study the interaction of 2,2′-diphenyleneiodonium cations with redox enzymes, especially flavoproteins. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Light-Weight Multicast DNS and DNS-SD (lmDNS-SD): IPv6-Based Resource and Service Discovery for the Web of Things (2012)

Internet of Things (IoT) is presenting an enormous growing, in numbers, it is estimated that over 50 billion of devices will be connected to Internet by 2020. Therefore, it presents a high scalability requirement to manage every resource connected to the network. Therefore, It is required a high capability for autonomous registration and discovery of resources and services. In addition, it should be dynamically adapted with the inclusion of new devices in the network and changes of the existing ones. Nowadays, the most extended discovery architecture for the Internet is the Domain Name Systems (DNS), which is offering through the extensions multicast DNS (mDNS) and DNS Service Directory (DNS-SD) the query and discovery of services by type and properties. It has been already carried out some initial works on mDNS and DNS-SD for the discovery of things. Thereby, it can satisfy the discovery of resources from the IoT point of view, and discovery of services, i.e. Web Services such as CoAP from the Web of Things point of view. But, it has not been yet analyzed the impact of DNS for Smart Objects, since it cannot be directly applied, because these protocols are designed for host-based requirements, where they are not taking into account the design issues and constraints from the Smart Objects. For that reason, this paper analyzes the requirements and design issues to apply these discovery techniques in Smart Objects, carries out an overview of the satisfaction of them in the initial solutions for IoT, in order to finally offer an evaluation of different ways to apply mDNS and DNS-SD for Smart Objects, concluding with a set of recommendations and lessons learned to build a lightweight implementation of mDNS and DNS-SD for resource discovery and directory.
The effect of methanol exposure on the flexural and tensile properties of halloysite nanoclay/polyester (2016)

In this study, halloysitenanoclay reinforced polyester composites were prepared by adding different weight percentage in unsaturated polyester resin and subsequently cross linked using mixture of methyl ethyl ketone peroxide. The effect of methanol immersion on the flexural strength and tensile strength of polyester halloysite nanoclay was experimentally investigated. After 30 minutes of immersion in methanol, samples were tested and analysed. From the experimental results, flexural and tensile properties of halloy sitenanoclay/polyester decreased as a result of methanol reactionon the polymer composites. Keywords—Polyester composites, Halloysitenanoclay, Effect of Methanol, Mechanical Properties.
Enhanced Neurotrophin Synthesis and Molecular Differentiation in Non-Transformed Human Retinal Progenitor Cells Cultured in a Rotating Bioreactor (2006)

One approach to the treatment of retinal diseases, such as retinitis pigmentosa, is to replace diseased or degenerating cells with healthy cells. Even if all of the problems associated with tissue transplant were to be resolved, the availability of tissue would remain an ongoing problem. We have previously shown that transformed human retinal cells can be grown in a NASA-developed horizontally rotating culture vessel (bioreactor) to form three-dimensional-like structures with the expression of several retinal specific proteins. In this study, we have investigated growth of non-transformed human retinal progenitors (retinal stem cells) in a rotating bioreactor. This rotating culture vessel promotes cell-cell interaction between similar and dissimilar cells. We cultured retinal progenitors (Ret 1-4) alone or as a co-culture with human retinal pigment epithelial cells (RPE, D407) in this system to determine if 3D structures can be generated from non-transformed progenitors. Our second goal was to determine if the formation of 3D structures correlates with the upregulation of neurotrophins, basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), transforming growth factor alpha (TGFalpha), ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF), and brain-delivered neurotrophic factor (BDNF). These factors have been implicated in progenitor cell proliferation, commitment, differentiation, and survival. We also investigated the expression of the following retinal specific proteins in this system: neuron specific enolase (NSE); tyrosine hydroxylase (TH); D(2)D(3), D(4) receptors; protein kinase-C alpha (PKCalpha), and calbindin. The 3D structures generated were characterized by phase and scanning transmission electron microscopy. Retinal progenitors, cultured alone or as a co-culture in the rotating bioreactor, formed 3D structures with some degree of differentiation, accompanied by the upregulation of bFGF, CNTF, and TGFalpha. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor, which is expressed in vivo in RPE (D407), was not expressed in monolayer cultures of RPE but expressed in the rotating bioreactor-cultured RPE and retinal progenitors (Ret 1-4). Upregulation of neurotrophins was noted in all rotating bioreactor-cultured cells. Also, upregulation of D(4) receptor, calbindin, and PKCalpha was noted in the rotating bioreactor-cultured cells. We conclude that non-transformed retinal progenitors can be grown in the rotating bioreactor to form 3D structures with some degree of differentiation. We relied on molecular and biochemical analysis to characterize differentiation in cells grown in the rotating bioreactor.
Emotional Speech Synthesis using Subspace Constraints in Prosody (2006)

An efficient speech synthesis method that uses subspace constraint in prosody is proposed. Conventional unit selection methods concatenate speech segments stored in database, that require enormous number of waveforms in synthesizing various emotional expressions with arbitrary texts. The proposed method employs principal component analysis to reduce the dimensionality of prosodic components, that also allows us to generate new speech that are similar to training samples. The subspace constraint assures that the prosody of the synthesized speech including F0, power, and speech length hold their correlative relation that training samples of emotional speech have. We assume that the combination of the number of syllables and the accent type determines the correlative dynamics of prosody, for each of which we individually construct the subspace. The subspace is then linearly related to emotions by multiple regression analysis that are obtained by subjective evaluation for the training samples. Experimental results demonstrated that only 4 dimensions were sufficient for representing the prosodic changes due to emotion at over 90% of the total variance. Synthesized emotion were successfully recognized by the listeners of the synthesized speech, especially for "anger", "surprise", "disgust", 'sorrow", "boredom", "depression", and "joy"
A Comparison of Shuttling Mechanisms in Two Constitutionally Isomeric Bistable Rotaxane-Based Sunlight-Powered Nanomotors (2006)

To find out how best to optimize shuttling of the macrocycle in a particular class of photochemically driven molecular abacus, which has the molecular structure of BR-I6+ in its Mark I prototype (Ashton et al., Chem. Eur. J. 2000, 6, 3558), we have synthesized and characterized a Mark II version of this kind of two-station rotaxane comprised of six molecular modules, namely (a) a bisparaphenylene[34]crown-10 electron donor macrocycle M and its dumbbell-shaped component which contains (b) a Ru(ii)-polypyridine photoactive unit P2+ as one of its stoppers, (c) a p-terphenyl-type ring system as a rigid spacer S, (d) 4,4'-bipyridinium (A12+) and (e) 3,3'-dimethyl-4,4'-bipyridinium (A22+) electron acceptor units that can play the role of stations for the macrocycle M, and (f) a tetraarylmethane group T as the second stopper. This Mark II version is identical with BR-I6+ in the Mark I series that works as a sunlight-powered nanomotor (Balzani et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA2006, 103, 1178), except for the swapping of the two stations A12+ and A22+ along the dumbbell-shaped component, i.e. the Mark I and II bistable rotaxanes are constitutionally isomeric. We have found the closer the juxtaposition of the electron transfer photosensitizer P2+ to the better (A12+) of the two electron acceptors, namely the situation in BR-II6+ compared with that in BR-I6+ results in an increase in the rate — and hence the efficiency — of the photoinduced electron-transfer step. The rate of the back electron transfer, however, also increases. As a consequence, BR-II6+ performs better than BR-I6+ in the fuel-assisted system, but much worse when it is powered by visible light (e.g. sunlight) alone. By contrast, when shuttling is electrochemically driven, the only difference between the two bistable rotaxanes in the Mark I and Mark II series is that the macrocycle M moves in opposite directions.
Field Portable Methods for the Determination of Arsenic in Environmental Samples (2022)

Arsenic contamination of the environment is a worldwide health hazard. This research project focused on four areas: development and testing of low cost, field portable devices capable of measuring levels of arsenic at 10 μg L-1 or less; specific chemical techniques for such testing; creation of educational tools and techniques to allow operators who lack advanced chemistry training to perform accurate testing; and the determination and use of a biomarker in DNA as a cancer predictor in individuals exposed to environmental arsenic. The analytical techniques explored include: (1) the Gutzeit method of arsenic determination though arsine gas production, which was investigated in three experiments: measuring arsenic levels in soil samples, using Gutzeit-based kits using silver nitrate as a reactant for arsine gas, and sensitivity comparison of three commercial test kits over varying time periods up to twenty-four hours. (2) The molybdenum blue method, technologically quantified through three different experiments: digital photographic analysis, spectroscopic analysis, and flow injection. (3) Filtration of arsenic contaminated water with wood-ash, sand, ferric oxide, and commercially available steel wool; and the construction of a filtering device constructed of recyclable discarded soda bottles. Further, single nucleotide polymorphisms in the DNA of arsenic exposed individuals were studied to determine what immune response genes might be implicated in arsenic susceptibility. The major conclusions of this research were: digital image analysis used with the Gutzeit method improves precision and accuracy; silver nitrate proved to be a better measurement tool at low concentrations of arsenic than mercuric bromide; and the Gutzeit method can be applied to soils in the Hach kit.
Three‐dimensional nanofibrous polystyrene scaffolds modify macrophage phenotypes and activate macrophage angiogenic potential (2018)

3D scaffolds represent an attractive substrate for studying macrophage activation and modification since they mimic extracellular matrix (ECM). However, macrophage response to such materials, particularly with respect to angiogenic potential is still poorly recognized. Therefore, we investigated the effect of 3D nanofibrous polystyrene scaffolds (NPSs) versus tissue culture polystyrene (TCPS) on THP-1-derived macrophages in various environmental conditions, for example, standard (m0), pro-inflammatory (m1), or anti-inflammatory (m2) with respect to pro-angiogenic potential. There were no differences in the expression of TNF-α and IL-10 mRNAs and respective proteins in cells cultured on NPSs compared with flat polystyrene (TCPS), however, NPSs induced an increased VEGF production by macrophages cultured in m0 and m1 media. Cells cultured in m1, and m2 conditions secreted elevated amounts of TNF-α and IL-10, respectively, irrespective of substrate surface geometry. Each macrophage population contains large, medium, and small cells. Moreover, there were significant differences in the proportion of large to small macrophages depending on the medium composition, that is, in m0, m1, and m2 media these proportions were 1:4, 1:3, and 1:10, respectively. The ultrastructure and the immunoexpression of TNF-α and IL-10 were analyzed under a confocal microscope. The results demonstrated differences in cell ultrastructure and suggested that the larger cells were pro-inflammatory macrophages, while the smaller cells were anti-inflammatory macrophages. In conclusion, NPSs activate macrophage pro-angiogenic potential. In addition, an increase in the proportion of pro-inflammatory macrophages relative to anti-inflammatory ones in a given population favors this potential.
Use of Intravascular Imaging During Chronic Total Occlusion Percutaneous Coronary Intervention: Insights From a Contemporary Multicenter Registry (2016)

URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT02061436.
Conformational Dimorphism of Self-peptides and Molecular Mimicry in a Disease-associated HLA-B27 Subtype (2005)

An interesting property of certain peptides presented by major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules is their acquisition of a dual binding mode within the peptide binding groove. Using x-ray crystallography at 1.4 A resolution, we show here that the glucagon receptor-derived self-peptide pGR ((412)RRRWHRWRL(420)) is presented by the disease-associated human MHC class I subtype HLA-B*2705 in a dual conformation as well, with the middle of the peptide bent toward the floor of the peptide binding groove of the molecule in both binding modes. The conformations of pGR are compared here with those of another self-peptide (pVIPR, RRKWRRWHL) that is also displayed in two binding modes by HLA-B*2705 antigens and with that of the viral peptide pLMP2 (RRRWRRLTV). Conserved structural features suggest that the N-terminal halves of the peptides are crucial in allowing cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) cross-reactivity. In addition, an analysis of T cell receptors (TCRs) from pGR- or pVIPR-directed, HLA-B27-restricted CTL clones demonstrates that TCR from distinct clones but with comparable reactivity may share CDR3alpha but not CDR3beta regions. Therefore, the cross-reactivity of these CTLs depends on TCR-CDR3alpha, is modulated by TCR-CDR3beta sequences, and is ultimately a consequence of the conformational dimorphism that characterizes binding of the self-peptides to HLA-B*2705. These results lend support to the concept that conformational dimorphisms of MHC class I-bound peptides might be connected with the occurrence of self-reactive CTL.
A new n-alkane oxidation system from Pseudomonas aeruginosa S7B1. (1981)

A three-component enzyme system that catalyzes the oxidation of n-hexadecane to n-hexadecanol- 1 has been highly purified from Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The components were tentatively named Protein I, Protein II, and Protein III. Protein I gave an electron paramagnetic resonance signal at g=4.3 which is a characteristic of a nonheme iron protein, and the molecular weight of Protein I was estimated to be about 800, 000 by gel-filtration chromatography. Protein II purified until homogeneous by disc-gel electrophoresis exhibited the spectral characteristics of cytochrome c, and the molecular weight was about 50, 000 by gel-filtration chromatography. Purified Protein III, which gave a single sharp band after disc-gel electrophoresis, exhibited the spectral characteristics of a flavoprotein and had a molecular weight of about 12, 000 by gel-filtration chromatography. All three proteins were shown to be essential for this enzymatic activity in the presence of NADPH and O2.
Distributed virtual environment collaborative simulator for underwater robots (2002)

This paper describes a distributed virtual environment collaborative simulator (DVECS) for testing of unmanned underwater vehicles (UUV) where both real and simulated vehicles-remotely operated vehicles (ROV) and autonomous underwater vehicles (AUV)-can interact and cooperate in a hybrid, synthetic, virtual environment containing various types of real and simulated vehicles, obstacles, conditions and disturbances. This virtual system can be used to determine (1) the optimal performance criteria for the vehicles and its application, (2) the advantages and disadvantages of collaborative application tasks between multiple UUV, and (3) the optimal communication links between remote locations. The current DVECS is being tested between the University of Hawaii in Honolulu and the University of Tokyo in Tokyo as a joint, international research program. It also utilizes virtual reality projection system, which immerses the user for optimal visualization.
Triple Osteotomy of the Innominate Bone (1973)

In forty-five patients, twenty-three with congenital dislocations and the rest with paralytic or other disturbances, this new displacement osteotomy of the hip joint was done when other iliac osteotomies were considered ineffective. The patients seven to seventeen years old were followed two to ten years. Of the fifty-two procedures, forty were satisfactory. Most of the unsatisfactory results were in cases of myelodysplasia, peroneal atrophy, and cerebral palsy.