gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Formation of High-Field Pinning Centers in Superconducting MgB2 Wires by Using High Hot Isostatic Pressure Process (2017)

This paper demonstrates the effects of hot isostatic pressure (HIP) on the structure and transport critical parameters of in situ MgB2 wires without a barrier. Our results show that only HIP and nano-boron allow the formation of more high-field pinning centers, which lead to the increase in critical current density (J c) at high applied magnetic fields. Nano-boron and annealing at a low pressure increase the J c in the low magnetic field. This indicates that nano-particles create more high-field pinning centers. In addition, the results show that nano-boron improves the connection between the grains. Scanning electron microscope results show that HIP increases the reaction rate between Mg and B, density, and homogeneity of the MgB2 material. Additionally, HIP allows to create a structure with small grains and voids and eliminates the significance of the number of voids. High isostatic pressure allows to obtain high J c of 10 A/mm2 (at 4.2 K) in 10 T and increases irreversible magnetic field (B irr) and upper critical field (B c2). Measurements show that these wires have high critical temperature of 37 K.
A Single Mutation in Chikungunya Virus Affects Vector Specificity and Epidemic Potential (2007)

Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is an emerging arbovirus associated with several recent large-scale epidemics. The 2005-2006 epidemic on Reunion island that resulted in approximately 266,000 human cases was associated with a strain of CHIKV with a mutation in the envelope protein gene (E1-A226V). To test the hypothesis that this mutation in the epidemic CHIKV (strain LR2006 OPY1) might influence fitness for different vector species, viral infectivity, dissemination, and transmission of CHIKV were compared in Aedes albopictus, the species implicated in the epidemic, and the recognized vector Ae. aegypti. Using viral infectious clones of the Reunion strain and a West African strain of CHIKV, into which either the E1-226 A or V mutation was engineered, we demonstrated that the E1-A226V mutation was directly responsible for a significant increase in CHIKV infectivity for Ae. albopictus, and led to more efficient viral dissemination into mosquito secondary organs and transmission to suckling mice. This mutation caused a marginal decrease in CHIKV Ae. aegypti midgut infectivity, had no effect on viral dissemination, and was associated with a slight increase in transmission by Ae. aegypti to suckling mice in competition experiments. The effect of the E1-A226V mutation on cholesterol dependence of CHIKV was also analyzed, revealing an association between cholesterol dependence and increased fitness of CHIKV in Ae. albopictus. Our observation that a single amino acid substitution can influence vector specificity provides a plausible explanation of how this mutant virus caused an epidemic in a region lacking the typical vector. This has important implications with respect to how viruses may establish a transmission cycle when introduced into a new area. Due to the widespread distribution of Ae. albopictus, this mutation increases the potential for CHIKV to permanently extend its range into Europe and the Americas.
REX1, a Novel Gene Required for DNA Repair (2003)

Nucleotide excision repair is a major pathway for repairing UV light-induced DNA damage in most organisms. Using insertional mutagenesis, we isolated a UV-sensitive mutant of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii that is blocked in the excision of cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers. The mutant is also sensitive to the alkylating agent, methyl methanesulphonate. We have cloned REX1, a novel gene that rescues the mutant. The gene is unusual in a eukaryotic organism in that it is predicted to encode two different proteins, a small protein (8.9 kDa) and a larger protein (31.8 kDa). Neither protein is homologous to known DNA repair proteins. Partial complementation is achieved with subclones of the gene encoding only the 8.9-kDa protein. The 8.9-kDa protein has homologues in many organisms including Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Arabidopsis, and humans. The 31.8-kDa protein appears to be less conserved. These findings may be of general importance for DNA repair in other organisms.
On‐board digital signal processing technologies for present and future SCPC systems (1988)

Abstract Devices and architectures for on‐board SCPC (single channel per carrier) multi‐carrier demodulators suitable for use in satellites to be launched between the present and the year 2000 are discussed in the light of trends in the development of device technology towards lower on‐board weight and power consumption. It is shown that at the present time (equivalent to about 1990 for on‐board use). The choice of demodulation scheme depends on the number of channels available for regeneration on board the satellite. The total weight and power consumption for several suitable on‐board multicarrier demodulation schemes are predicted for 1990, 1995 and 2000, as functions of the number of channels to be regenerated.
On Mass Sensing Using Micro/Nano Resonators - Approaches, Challenges And Directions (2016)

Abstract Micro/Nano electromechanical systems based Mass sensors are being increasingly used for detecting very low masses, with significant applications in bio-sensing as well as environmental sensing. A number of different shapes, excitation mechanisms as well as materials have been suggested for these sensors. In addition, with reducing dimensions due to improvement in fabrication, these sensors have the potential to measure bacterial level masses. This paper reviews some of the research directions in this field. Various sensing and actuation strategies for these resonators are discussed. In addition, three important challenges, which have the potential of providing new directions of research are also explored. These include quality factor, increasing nonlinearity and coupling. Coupling of sensors can provide a unique opportunity to build several resonant sensors on the same chip and reduce the number of contacts required as well as the potential bandwidth
Elektrolytische Abscheidung von Aluminium-Magnesium-Legierungen aus aluminiumorganischen Komplexelektrolyten (2000)

Anknüpfend an die Weiterentwicklung der galvanischen Reinaluminium-Abscheidung aus fluoridhaltigen, aluminiumorganischen Elektrolyten ist es jetzt erstmalig gelungen, Aluminium und Magnesium aus Toluollösungen von halogenfreien, aluminiumorganischen Komplexelektrolyten abzuscheiden. Die Magnesium-Einbauraten sind durch entsprechende Zusammensetzung der Aluminium-Magnesium-Legierungsanoden oder durch getrennte anodische Aluminium- bzw. Magnesium-Stromkreise in einem weiten Bereich wählbar. Die anodischen sowie kathodischen Stromausbeuten liegen bei 100%. Die erhaltenen Schichten sind optisch ansprechend und liegen je nach Magnesiumgehalt bzw. angewendeter kathodischer Stromdichte mit seidenmatter bis glänzender Oberfläche vor. Elektronenmikroskopische Untersuchungen zeigen im Gegensatz zur Reinaluminiumabscheidung eine deutliche Kugelstruktur. Die Aluminium-Magnesium-Schichten sind hervorragend als Schutz gegen Kontaktkorrosion an Magnesiumbauteilen geeignet. Elektrochemische Untersuchungen zeigen z. B. bei einer Magnesium-Einbaurate von ca. 25 Gew.-% ein ausgeprägtes Passivitätsintervall gegenüber der Legierung AZ91hp. Praxisorientierte Untersuchungen in zyklischen Korrosionstests (simulierte 10 Jahre Feldbelastung) zeigen im Vergleich zu galvanisch verzinkten und zusätzlich silikatisch versiegelten Testschrauben keinerlei Korrosion. Electrolytic Deposition of Aluminium-Magnesium-Alloys from Electrolytes Containing Organo-Aluminium Complexes The galvanic deposition of pure aluminium from fluoride-containing electrolytes has been developed further and for the first time aluminium and magnesium have been deposited from a toluene-solution of a halide-free organo-aluminium complex electrolyte. The rate of incorporation of magnesium can be controlled over a wide range by either adjusting the composition of the aluminium-magnesium anode or by using separate aluminium or magnesium anodic circuits. The current efficiency for both anode and cathode approaches 100%. The resulting coating is optically attractive and, depending upon the magnesium-content or the cathodic current density, can be formed as a dull or polished surface. Investigations using an electron microscope show that the surface, in contrast to that of pure aluminium, consists of spherical particles. The aluminium-magnesium coating provides excellent protection against the corrosion of magnesium components. Electrochemical investigations using, for example 25% by weight magnesium incorporation, indicate a pronounced passivity interval compared to the alloy AZ91hp. In contrast to galvanic zinc-plated and silicate-sealed examples, cyclic corrosion tests on screws simulating 10 years of exposure, show no corrosion.
The Effects of Varying Degree of MWCNT Carboxylation on Bioactivity in Various In Vivo and In Vitro Exposure Models (2018)

Functionalization has been shown to alter toxicity of multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) in several studies. This study varied the degree of functionalization (viz., amount of MWCNT surface carboxylation) to define the relationship between the extent of carboxylation and effects in a variety of in vitro cell models and short-term ex vivo/in vivo particle exposures. Studies with vitamin D₃ plus phorbol ester transformed THP-1 macrophages demonstrated that functionalization, regardless of amount, corresponded with profoundly decreased NLRP3 inflammasome activation. However, all MWCNT variants were slightly toxic in this model. Alternatively, studies with A549 epithelial cells showed some varied effects. For example, IL-33 and TNF-α release were related to varying amounts of functionalization. For in vivo particle exposures, autophagy of alveolar macrophages, measured using green fluorescent protein (GFP)- fused-LC3 transgenic mice, increased for all MWCNT tested three days after exposure, but, by Day 7, autophagy was clearly dependent on the amount of carboxylation. The instilled source MWCNT continued to produce cellular injury in alveolar macrophages over seven days. In contrast, the more functionalized MWCNT initially showed similar effects, but reduced over time. Dark-field imaging showed the more functionalized MWCNTs were distributed more uniformly throughout the lung and not isolated to macrophages. Taken together, the results indicated that in vitro and in vivo bioactivity of MWCNT decreased with increased carboxylation. Functionalization by carboxylation eliminated the bioactive potential of the MWCNT in the exposure models tested. The observation that maximally functionalized MWCNT distribute more freely throughout the lung with the absence of cellular damage, and extended deposition, may establish a practical use for these particles as a safer alternative for unmodified MWCNT.
Unraveling the mechanism of the lactose permease of Escherichia coli (2000)

We studied the effect of pH on ligand binding in wild-type lactose permease or mutants in the four residues-Glu-269, Arg-302, His-322, and Glu-325-that are the key participants in H(+) translocation and coupling between sugar and H(+) translocation. Although wild-type permease or mutants in Glu-325 and Arg-302 exhibit marked decreases in affinity at alkaline pH, mutants in either His-322 or Glu-269 do not titrate. The results offer a mechanistic model for lactose/H(+) symport. In the ground state, the permease is protonated, the H(+) is shared between His-322 and Glu-269, Glu-325 is charge-paired with Arg-302, and substrate is bound with high affinity at the outside surface. Substrate binding induces a conformational change that leads to transfer of the H(+) from His-322/Glu-269 to Glu-325 and reorientation of the binding site to the inner surface with a decrease in affinity. Glu-325 then is deprotonated on the inside because of rejuxtaposition with Arg-302. The His-322/Glu-269 complex then is reprotonated from the outside surface to reinitiate the cycle.
Tension controlled hollow-fiber winding machine for blood oxygenator prototypes (2023)

Blood oxygenators involve a complex network of hollow fibers for efficient gas exchange with blood. The optimal microstructural arrangement of these fibers is an ongoing research interest. While the fiber systems of commercial oxygenators are manufactured to address mass production, the research oxygenator prototypes demand more flexibility so that different design parameters can be tested. Here a hollow-fiber assembly system is designed and built for winding research grade extracorporeal blood oxygenator mandrels at different layout dimensions so that these different configurations can be evaluated for mass transfer capacity and blood damage. The hardware design and manufacturing details of this system presented together with its impact on the prototype oxygenator device assembly process. This in-house built system can wind thin fibers, having outer diameters ranging from 100 μm to 1 mm, at any specified winding angle continuously. A control system for fiber stress is also incorporated to eliminate fiber damage. Our system consists of three main units: (1) unwinding, (2) accumulator, and (3) winding systems, integrated together via the control software. The unwinding unit has a PID controller to maintain the position of the accumulator motor on the reference point by tuning the velocity of feeding fibers to the accumulator unit. Another PID controller preserves the desired tension value of the fibers by adjusting the position of the accumulator motor. Desired tension value is defined by the user and typically obtained through uniaxial testing of fibers. The control unit employs a "cascaded" PID controller since the PID controller in the accumulator unit maintains the tension and the PID controller in the unwinding unit controls the position of the accumulator motor. Finally, the winding unit utilizes two motors to wind the fibers over the outer diameter of a mandrel at the desired winding angle. The first motor drives the translational movement, and the second one provides mandrel rotation. The desired angles are achieved by tuning the synchronous movement of the winding motors. While the system is designed to produce assembled blood oxygenator mandrel prototypes, this concept is also applicable for producing cylindrical fiber-reinforced composite materials with specified fiber angles and stents winded on jigs.
Recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma after liver transplantation: Is there a place for resection? (2017)

Recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) after liver transplantation (LT) is widely considered as a terminal condition. Therefore, the role of surgery is uncertain in this case. The purpose of this study was to identify the prognostic factors of survival after post-LT HCC recurrence and to evaluate the impact of surgery in this setting. All patients transplanted for HCC between 1991 and 2013 in a single institution and who further developed a post-LT recurrence were included in this study. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to identify factors affecting postrecurrence survival. Of the 493 patients transplanted for HCC, a total of 70 (14.2%) consecutive patients developed a recurrence after a median disease-free interval of 17 months. Median survival (MS) from the time of recurrence was 19 months, with a 3-year postrecurrence survival of 26%. Most recurrences were extrahepatic (lung, lymph node, and bone; n = 51; 72.9%), whereas only intrahepatic recurrences were observed in 2 (2.8%) patients. Both intrahepatic and extrahepatic locations were found in 17 (24.3%) patients. A total of 22 (31.4%) patients underwent macroscopically complete resection of the recurrence (intrahepatic [n = 2] and extrahepatic [n = 20]). The MS for resected patients after transplantation was 35 months compared with 15 months for nonresected patients (P < 0.001). In multivariate analysis, the independent unfavorable factors of postrecurrence survival were alpha-fetoprotein level > 100 ng/mL at relapse (hazard ratio [HR], 2.1; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.1-4.1; P = 0.03), intrahepatic location (HR, 1.8; 95% CI, 1.0-3.2; P = 0.05), and multifocal recurrence (HR, 1.8; 95% CI, 1.1-3.1; P = 0.04). The management including surgery (HR, 0.4; 95% CI, 0.2-0.7; P = 0.004) was identified as an independent favorable factor. In conclusion, recurrence of HCC after LT is associated with a poor prognosis. However, resection is associated with improved survival and should therefore be considered when feasible. Liver Transplantation 23 440-447 2017 AASLD.
Simple Multimode Stereoscopic Liquid Crystal Display (1997)

A novel multimode stereoscopic imaging system is developed. The system consists of a polarizer and a passive liquid crystal sheet which is patterned into periodic liquid crystal configuration regions. One is in the 90° twisted nematic (TN) state while the other is in a non-twisted state (liquid crystal aligned antiparallel). This 3D imaging system can be viewed in the autostereo mode without spectacles but has discrete viewing zones and in a binocular stereo mode which requires passive polarized glasses. This system is also convertible between 2D and 3D modes. Its principle is confirmed using the test cells. The viewing angle characteristics are also investigated.
A global climatology of stratospheric OClO derived from GOMOS measurement (2013)

Abstract. The Global Ozone Monitoring by Occultation of Stars (GOMOS) instrument on board the European platform ENVISAT was dedicated to the study of the atmosphere of the Earth using the stellar occultation technique. The spectral range of the GOMOS spectrometer extends from the UV to the near infrared, allowing for the retrieval of species such as O3, NO2, NO3, H2O, O2, air density, aerosol extinction and OClO. Nevertheless, OClO can not be retrieved using a single GOMOS measurement because of the weak signal-to-noise ratio and the small optical thickness associated with this molecule. We present here the method used to detect this molecule by using several GOMOS measurements. It is based on a two-step approach. First, several co-located measurements are combined in a statistical way to build an averaged measurement with a higher signal-to-noise ratio. Then, a Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy (DOAS) method is applied to retrieve OClO slant column densities. The statistics of the sets of GOMOS measurements used to build the averaged measurement and the spectral window selection are analyzed. The obtained retrievals are compared to results from two balloon-borne instruments. It appears that the inter-comparisons of OClO are generally satisfying. Then, two nighttime climatologies of OClO slant column densities based on GOMOS averaged measurements are presented. The first depicts annual global pictures of OClO from 2003 to 2011. From this climatology, the presence of an OClO layer in the equatorial region at about 35 km is confirmed and strong concentrations of OClO in both polar regions are observed, a sign of chlorine activation. The second climatology is a monthly time series. It clearly shows the chlorine activation of the lower stratosphere during winter. Moreover the equatorial OClO layer is observed during all the years without any significant variations. Finally, the anti-correlation between OClO and NO2 is highlighted. This very promising method, applied on GOMOS measurements, allowed us to build the first nighttime climatology of OClO.
The ASSR: clinical application in normal-hearing and hearing-impaired infants and adults, comparison with the click-evoked ABR and pure-tone audiometry (2006)

The objective of this study was to investigate the clinical application of the ASSR (GSI Audera). It was completed in two parts: Study 1. Correlation between the ASSR-based threshold estimations and the conventional pure-tone thresholds in adults; and Study 2. Correlation between the average of the 2-4 kHz ASSR-based threshold estimations and c-ABR thresholds in children. The ASSRs were recorded in awake adults and sleeping infants with a range of hearing loss at CFs of 0.5 to 4 kHz and MFs between 46 and 95 Hz. The results show that in hearing-impaired adults (thresholds > 40 dBHL) good correlations can be observed between the behavioural thresholds and the ASSR-based threshold estimations. For the normal- to near-normal-hearing adults, a significant correspondence exists between the ASSR-based threshold estimations and FPTA. In children, strong correlations were found between the c-ABR and the 2-4 kHz ASSR-based threshold estimation average. These studies illustrate that the GSI Audera ASSR can accurately predict the behavioural audiogram in hearing-impaired subjects. In subjects with normal hearing the individual ASSR-based threshold estimations scatter too much. Instead the average of the ASSR-based threshold estimations corresponds well with the FPTA.
Dictyostelium huntingtin controls chemotaxis and cytokinesis through the regulation of myosin II phosphorylation (2011)

Abnormalities in the huntingtin protein (Htt) are associated with Huntington's disease. Despite its importance, the function of Htt is largely unknown. We show that Htt is required for normal chemotaxis and cytokinesis in Dictyostelium discoideum. Cells lacking Htt showed slower migration toward the chemoattractant cAMP and contained lower levels of cortical myosin II, which is likely due to defects in dephosphorylation of myosin II mediated by protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A). htt(-) cells also failed to maintain myosin II in the cortex of the cleavage furrow, generating unseparated daughter cells connected through a thin cytoplasmic bridge. Furthermore, similar to Dictyostelium htt(-) cells, siRNA-mediated knockdown of human HTT also decreased the PP2A activity in HeLa cells. Our data indicate that Htt regulates the phosphorylation status of myosin II during chemotaxis and cytokinesis through PP2A.
A methodology for estimating the probability of potential secondary conflicts (2013)

In a distributed separation assurance system, each aircraft is equipped with its own conflict detection and resolution capability. An aircraft that is resolving an initial primary conflict has complete state information of all nearby aircraft, so is able to choose a resolution trajectory that is conflict-free from all other aircraft. However, because the update of state information is not instantaneous, it is possible that two distinct conflicts, if resolved in a near-simultaneous manner, may result in a downstream secondary conflict. Also an intent error in the state information may lead to a potential secondary conflict. This paper presents a methodology and sample results to analyze the frequency of potential secondary conflicts using output from a NAS-wide simulation. The events considered are not secondary conflicts themselves, but rather potential secondary conflicts, or situations in which there is an increased likelihood of a secondary conflict.