gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Quantitative Ethnobotany and Amazonian Conservation (1994)

We use quantitative ethnobotanical data to compare the usefulness of six floristically distinct forest types to mestizo people at Tambopata, southeast Peru. We aim to evaluate which forest types are most useful, and why. Ethnobotanical data were collected with informants in inventory plots and analyzed using a new technique that uses a two‐tier calculation process to derive an “informant indexed” estimate of each species’ use value. Use values are estimated based on the degree of consistency between repeated interviews of each informant and between different informants. We show that (1) in 6.1 ha, 94% of woody stems are “useful” to mestizos . (2) Based on percentages of useful plants per plot, there is little difference between each forest type. (3) Simply calculating the percent of useful plants is misleading, however, because most species have minor uses, and only a few are exceptionally useful. (4) Using the informant indexing technique, we demonstrate significant differences between each forest type’s utility. Mature forests of present and former floodplains are more useful than other forest types, mostly due to their importance as sources of construction materials and food. (5) Lower floodplain is more useful medicinally, swamp more important commercially, and terra firme sandy more important technologically; they are not easily substituted for some of these uses. (6) On average, 80% of the value of forest plant products to mestizos is subsistence value; only 20% is commercial. We conclude that (1) to maintain cultural autonomy, Amazonian people may need access to all local forest types, and (2) present and former floodplain forests in western Amazonia should be a conservation priority. We make these broad conclusions on the basis of evidence of: (1) ethnoecological similarities among mestizo cultures in Peruvian Amazonia; (2) the similarity of family‐level floristic composition at Tambopata and elsewhere in western Amazonia, (3) rapid floodplain deforestation; and (4) floodplain resource overextraction. Conservationists should focus on helping communities gain control of floodplain resources.
Hyperthermia mediated by dextran-coated La0.7Sr0.3MnO3 nanoparticles: in vivo studies (2016)

The dextran-coated lanthanum strontium manganese oxide-mediated hyperthermia can be used for the treatment of cancer.
Body Adiposity Index: Its Relevance and Validity in Assessing Body Fatness of Adults (2014)

Background. One of the limitations of body mass index is its accuracy to assess body fatness. To address this limitation, a new index, body adiposity index, has been developed. However its validity needs to ascertained. Objective. Our aim was to investigate sex-specific relationship between BAI, BMI, and percent body fat in an endogamous population of Delhi, India. Method. Data was collected from 578 adults on bodyweight, height, skinfold thicknesses, hip circumference, waist circumference, and systolic and diastolic blood pressure. Pearson's correlations were calculated for BAI and BMI with PBF. Differences in the correlation coefficients were examined using Fisher's z tests. Receiver operating characteristic analysis was used to compare the predictive validity and to determine optimal cut-off values. Odds ratios were calculated to assess the risk of having hypertension using the proposed cut-off points. Results. The correlations of PBF with BMI (men: r = 0.83; women: r = 0.71) were stronger than those with BAI (men: r = 0.66; women: r = 0.58). In men, the sensitivity and specificity of BAI to predict hypertension were higher than other anthropometric markers but lower than BMI. In women, the sensitivity of BAI was higher than BMI and WC. Conclusions. BAI can be used as an additional marker for screening population; however its validity needs to be demonstrated on other populations too.
Chlorination of sulfur dioxide in a plasma arc photochemical reactor: Part II. Chlorination of sulfur dioxide (1974)

Abstract The photochemical chlorination of sulfur dioxide was investigated experimentally. The photochemical reactor was the vortex‐stabilized arc radiation source described in Part I. Aqueous inorganic solutions, providing selective wavelength filtration, were circulated through the inner annular region. The outer annulus served as the reaction volume. The dependence of the reaction on wavelength, reaction gas inlet temperature, pressure, and reactant flow rate was investigated. The amount of sulfur dioxide in the mixture was varied from 1/6 to 2/3 atmosphere. The photochemical rate of formation of sulfuryl chloride is best described by the rate expression: where J is the volumetric rate of light absorption and where k 0 and E have values of 0.0542 s 1/2 and −2.6 kcal/gmol, respectively.
Parameter Forecasting for Vehicle Paint Quality Optimisation (2016)

Painting a modern car involves applying many coats during a highly complex and automated process. The individual coats not only serve a decoration purpose but are also curial for protection from damage due to environmental influences, such as rust. For an optimal paint job, many parameters have to be optimised simultaneously. A forecasting model was created, which predicts the paint flaw probability for a given set of process parameters, to help the production managers modify the process parameters to achieve an optimal result. The mathematical model was based on historical process and quality observations. Production managers who are not familiar with the mathematical concept of the model can use it via an intuitive Web-based Graphical User Interface (Web-GUI). The Web-GUI offers production managers the ability to test process parameters and forecast the expected quality. The model can be used for optimising the process parameters in terms of quality and costs.
Body Weight Increment and Length of Life: The Effect of Genetic Constitution and Dietary Protein (1978)

Groups of inbred A/J and C57BL/6J mice and hybrid F1 mice were fed low dietary protein (4% casein) or normal dietary protein (26% casein), with 50 mice in each of the six subgroups. For individual mice within subgroups, growth rate was negatively related to longevity; i.e., the slower the rate of growth the greater the life-span. Between subgroups, the longer the mean growth duration, the longer the mean lifespan. Positive relationships were obtained within subgroups for peak body weight and longevity. It is concluded that, for mice, slowing the rate of growth and increasing growth duration results in a significant increase in the life-span, and the life-span increment is not related to high peak body weight since high body weight, per se, was not correlated with life-span.
Abrogation of stemness in osteosarcoma by the mithramycin analog EC-8042 is mediated by its ability to inhibit NOTCH-1 signaling (2023)

Osteosarcomas are frequently associated to a poor prognosis and a modest response to current treatments. EC-8042 is a well-tolerated mithramycin analog that has demonstrated an efficient ability to eliminate tumor cells, including cancer stem cell subpopulations (CSC), in sarcomas. In transcriptomic and protein expression analyses, we identified NOTCH1 signaling as one of the main pro-stemness pathways repressed by EC-8042 in osteosarcomas. Overexpression of NOTCH-1 resulted in a reduced anti-tumor effect of EC-8042 in CSC-enriched 3D tumorspheres cultures. On the other hand, the depletion of the NOTCH-1 downstream target HES-1 was able to enhance the action of EC-8042 on CSCs. Moreover, HES1 depleted cells failed to recover after treatment withdrawal and showed reduced tumor growth potential in vivo. In contrast, mice xenografted with NOTCH1-overexpressing cells responded worse than parental cells to EC-8042. Finally, we found that active NOTCH1 levels in sarcoma patients was associated to advanced disease and lower survival. Overall, these data highlight the relevant role that NOTCH1 signaling plays in mediating stemness in osteosarcoma. Moreover, we demonstrate that EC-8042 is powerful inhibitor of NOTCH signaling and that the anti-CSC activity of this mithramycin analog highly rely on its ability to repress this pathway.
Eigenmode Analysis of Printed-Ridge-Gap-Waveguide Cavity and Its Application to Antenna design (2019)

The resonant characteristics of a printed ridge gap waveguide cavity are analyzed using the eigenmode method. The field distributions of typical modes and the relevant eigen frequencies are presented. One cavity-backed slot antenna based on the eigenmode results is proposed with the desirable input matching and radiation performance. That could demonstrate the feasibility of antenna design using printed ridge gap waveguide as a resonant cavity.
Dynamical Simulation of SiO<sub>2</sub>/4H-SiC(0001) Interface Oxidation Process: from First-Principles (2007)

We performed the dynamical simulation of the SiO2/4H-SiC(0001) interface oxidation process using first-principles molecular dynamics based on plane waves, supercells, and the projector augmented wave method. The slab model has been used for the simulation. The heat-and-cool method is used to prepare the initial interface structure. In this initial interface structure, there is no transition oxide layer or dangling bond at the SiO2/SiC interface. As the trigger of the oxidation process, the carbon vacancy is introduced in the SiC layer near the interface. The oxygen molecules are added one by one to the empty sphere in the SiO2 layer near the interface in the simulation of the oxidation process. The molecular dynamics simulation is carried out at 2500 K. The oxygen molecule is dissociated and forms bonds with the Si atom in the SiO2 layer. The atoms of Si in the SiC layer at the SiO2/4H-SiC(0001) interface are oxidized to form the SiO2 layer. Carbon clusters, which are considered one of the candidate structures of the interface traps, are formed in the interface layer. Oxygen molecules react with the carbon clusters and formed CO molecules.
Development of Al-5%Zn-0.5%Sn-2.6%Mg Alloy as Sacrificial Anode for Cathodic Protection of Steel in 3 wt.% NaCl Solution (2021)

In this work, two aluminum alloys, Al-5Zn-0.5Sn and Al-5Zn-0.5Sn-2.6Mg, were prepared by melting in an induction furnace to be used as sacrificial anodes for cathodic protection of marine structures. The alloys are characterized by scanning electron microscopy mapping coupled to energy dispersive X-ray analysis, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction. Afterwards, the corrosion behavior was studied in 3 wt.% NaCl solution through immersion tests, potentiodynamic polarization, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and weight-loss measurements. Results display that active dissolution of Al-5%Zn-0.5%Sn-2.6%Mg alloy and its quasi-uniform corrosion is associated with the major precipitates MgZn 2 and Mg 2 Sn particles formed during the melting process. Galvanic coupling measurements over 45 d were carried out on both alloys. The sacrificial cathodic protection of both anodes was successful but the couple efficiency was greater for Al-Zn-Sn-Mg owing to its more negative corrosion potential and uniform dissolution.
Fullerene C60 derivatives suppress the acquired immune responses (THER5P.832) (2014)

Abstract Fullerene C60 derivatives are the most promising nanomaterials because of its unique ability to scavenge large numbers of free radicals. Therefore fullerene C60 derivatives with antioxidant effects have been expected to apply to the medicine for inflammatory disease such as inflammatory bowel disease. We have previously shown that fullerene C60 derivatives have the anti-inflammatory effects independent of an antioxidant effects in vitro. However, little is known about the effect of fullerene C60 derivatives on acquired immune system. Here, we examined the effects of fullerene C60 derivatives on the acquired immune responses. At first, we examined the effects of fullerene C60 derivatives on ovalbumin (OVA)-induced immune responses in vivo. Treatment of OVA plus fullerene C60 derivatives induced a lower level of OVA-specific IgE and IgG than did treatment of OVA alone, suggesting that fullerene C60 derivatives suppressed acquired immunity. Next, we investigated the influence of C60 fullerene derivatives on T cell proliferation in a mouse mixed lymphocyte reaction. The fullerene C60 derivatives suppressed the production of IL-2 from responder splenocytes. Furthermore, fullerene C60 derivatives also suppressed the IL-2 production from CD4+ T cell stimulated by anti-CD3 and anti-CD28 antibodies, although NAC (anti-oxidant medicines) didn’t show such effect. These results show that the fullerene C60 derivatives have the effect to suppress the acquired immune system.
A quantitative analysis of T lymphocyte populations in human liver allografts undergoing rejection: The use of monoclonal antibodies and double immunolabeling (1990)

The aim of this study was to quantitate T-cell populations infiltrating portal tracts, bile ducts and hepatic lobules in 82 biopsy specimens from 25 patients after orthotopic liver transplantation. Biopsy specimens taken immediately after revascularization of the graft were used as controls. Patients studied include 18 with initial rejection episodes, 11 with unresolved rejection, five with vanishing bile duct syndrome and eight patients with other forms of liver injury. Quantitation was done in a blinded fashion for the first 20 biopsy specimens. A double immunolabeling technique was used to simultaneously immunolabel bile duct structures (with anti-major histocompatibility complex class II or antikeratins) and lymphoid populations (with anti-CD2, anti-CD4 or anti-CD8). This facilitated the accurate quantitation of intraepithelial lymphocytes within bile ducts. This technique also enabled simultaneous detection of CD4 and CD8 antigens on lymphocytes in portal tracts. The predominant lymphocyte subtype within biliary epithelium during acute and chronic rejection was of the CD2+/CD8+ phenotype. CD8+/CD4+ ratio in bile ducts was approximately 5:1 in acute, unresolved and chronic rejection. In vanishing bile duct syndrome, double immunolabeling enabled the detection of destroyed interlobular bile duct remnants that were not apparent on routine hematoxylin and eosin staining. Attached to some of these structures were CD8+ lymphocytes. Lobular CD8+ cells were not prominent in acute rejection but increased significantly in biopsy specimens from patients with unresolved and chronic rejection. In chronic rejection, a selective increase was seen in these CD8+ cells in centrizonal regions.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Synthesis of new silver compounds with derivates of nicotinate acid (2009)

Page s 301 solvate that loses the solvent and transforms into the original form of ASA, all the others are stable until melting point (>150C). Also 2 new forms with 4,4'-bipyridine (one anhydrous and one hydrated) and 3 hydrated new forms with DABCO were obtained All new solid species were obtained both by the traditional method of slow evaporation from solution and also by the "green" processes of grinding and/or kneading together the starting materials. Also slurries induce the formation of these crystal forms. All the species were characterized by single-crystal and powder X-ray diffraction, TGA, DSC and HSM.
Computational Validation of a Two-Dimensional Semi-Empirical Model for Inductive Coupling in a Conical Pulsed Inductive Plasma Thruster (2011)

A two-dimensional semi-empirical model of pulsed inductive thrust efficiency is developed to predict the effect of such a geometry on thrust efficiency. The model includes electromagnetic and gas-dynamic forces but excludes energy conversion from radial motion to axial motion, with the intention of characterizing thrust efficiency loss mechanisms that result from a conical versus a at inductive coil geometry. The range of conical pulsed inductive thruster geometries to which this model can be applied is explored with the use of finite element analysis. A semi-empirical relation for inductance as a function of current sheet radial and axial position is the limiting feature of the model, restricting the applicability as a function of half cone angle to a range from ten degrees to about 60 degrees. The model is nondimensionalized, yielding a set of dimensionless performance scaling parameters. Results of the model indicate that radial current sheet motion changes the axial dynamic impedance parameter at which thrust efficiency is maximized. This shift indicates that when radial current sheet motion is permitted in the model longer characteristic circuit timescales are more efficient, which can be attributed to a lower current sheet axial velocity as the plasma more rapidly decouples from the coil through radial motion. Thrust efficiency is shown to increase monotonically for decreasing values of the radial dynamic impedance parameter. This trend indicates that to maximize the radial decoupling timescale should be long compared to the characteristic circuit timescale.
Qualitative differences in position of sialylation and surface expression of glycolipids between murine lymphomas with low metastatic (Eb) and high metastatic (ESb) potentials and isolation of a novel disialoganglioside (GD1 alpha) from Eb cells. (1986)

Glycolipids of murine lymphoma cell lines with low metastatic (Eb) and high metastatic (ESb) potentials have been investigated. The Eb cell line was characterized by a high quantity of gangliotriaosylceramide (Gg3), gangliotetraosylceramide (Gg4), GM1b, and a new type of disialoganglioside, termed GD1 alpha. In contrast, the high metastatic ESb cell line was characterized by the absence of these glycolipids and instead by the presence of GM3, GM2, GM1a, GD1a, and GD1b gangliosides. A clear cell surface reactivity with monoclonal antibody anti-Gg3 (2D4) was observed only in Eb cells. Thus, Eb cells are distinct from ESb cells in their ability to add the GalNAc residue to LacCer, supplying Gg3 for synthesis of a series of glycolipids via an asialogangliotetraosyl pathway, while ESb cells are capable of synthesizing GM3, which initiates synthesis of ganglio-series gangliosides GM2, GM1a, GD1a, and GD1b. While disialogangliosides of ESb cells were identified as GD1a and GD1b, a disialoganglioside isolated from Eb cells was characterized as having a novel structure (referred to as GD1 alpha) as follows: (formula; see text) Thus, Eb and ESb cells are clearly different in their qualitative sialylation patterns, i.e., the position of sialic acid residues. Cell surface labeling with galactose-oxidase/NaB[3H]4 revealed a high exposure of Gg3 and Gg4 at the Eb cell surface, while both labels were absent in ESb cells. In contrast, ESb cells showed a substantial label at GM1a, which was greatly enhanced after sialidase treatment.
Luminographic Detection of von Willebrand Factor Multimers in Agarose Gels and on Nitrocellulose Membranes (1990)

Two methods for visualization of vWf multimers were compared with respect to sensitivity and detection of normal vWf and vWd variants IIA, IIB, IIC, IID, IIE, and IIF. Autoradiography and luminography after electrotransfer of vWf multimers onto nitrocellulose showed comparable sensitivity with vWf:Ag detectable after 1:500 dilution of normal plasma. The least sensitive method was luminography in agarose gels with vWf:Ag detectable after 1:300 dilution of normal plasma. No difference existed in the banding patterns of plasmas from patients with variant vWd.
3D polarimetric GPR coherency attributes and full-waveform inversion of transmission data for characterizing fractured rock (2009)

Abstract Ground-penetrating radar (GPR) can detect and describe fractures to help us characterize fractured rock formations. A fracture alters the incident waveform, or wave shape, of a GPR signal through constructive and destructive interference, depending on the aperture, fill, and orientation of the fracture. Because the electromagnetic (EM) waves of GPR are vectorial, features exhibiting strong directionality can change the state of polarization of the incident field. GPR methods that focus on changes in waveform or polarization can improve detection and discrimination of fractures within rock bodies. An algorithm based on coherency, a seismic attribute that delineates discontinuities in wavelet shape, is developed for polarimetric GPR. It uses the largest eigenvalue of the time-domain scattering matrix when calculating coherence. This algorithm is sensitive to wave shape and is unbiased by the polarization of GPR antennas. Polarimetric coherency works better than scalar coherency in removing the effects of polarization on field data collected from a fractured limestone plot used for hydrologic experimentation. Another method, for time-domain full-waveform inversion of transmission data, quantitatively determines fracture aperture and EM properties of fill, based on a thin-layer model. Inversion results from field data show consistency with the location of fractures from reflection data. These two methods offer better fracture-detection capability and quantitative information on fracture aperture, dielectric permittivity, and electrical conductivity of the fill than traditional GPR imaging and scalar-coherency attributes.
Hardware cyber security (2014)

The attacks targeting hardware range from IP piracy to data theft to intentional hardware compromise and sabotage. Of particular concern are systemic, or combined, attacks that include both software and hardware elements: as the secure computing architectures, such as Intel TPM or ARM TrustZone, become more common, their hardware-based trust anchors will become attractive targets for hardware-based attacks whose goal is to create a vulnerability in the supposedly secure software. Design of the trusted IC requires awareness of the security needs at every step of the physical design flow to combat this wide range of threats. Some of the security needs can be served by the EDA (Electronic Design Automation) tools specifically targeting threat detection and verification of design security and integrity. Other threats can only be resisted using special design elements and properties, such as on-chip encryption and trust verification. Designing these secure elements, as well as protecting them from hardware attacks, will also require specialized EDA tools.
Influence of stress induced CT local layout effect (LLE) on 14nm FinFET (2017)

In this paper, we present a new local layout effect in 14nm FinFET due to different CT layout designs (CT extension, CT spacing, and PC past RX distance). Based on 14nm FinFET experimental data, the CT LLE effect induces up to 50mV Vtsat shift, and ~20% current change. NFET performance is enhanced by ~7%, while the PFET performance shows slight degradation. Based on TCAD simulation, the CT LLE is fully analyzed and explained by the tensile stress induced in the inter-layer dielectric (ILD).
Deep learning outperformed 11 pathologists in the classification of histopathological melanoma images (2019)

With limited image information available, a CNN was able to outperform 11 histopathologists in the classification of histopathological melanoma images and thus shows promise to assist human melanoma diagnoses.
An Auto-Recognition System for Pointer-Meter Based on TLS Analytic Resolution (2009)

This paper presents an auto-recognition system of pointer table computer. It analyzes the method to locate image of pointer in this system. And TLS, which is used to solve the pointerpsilas fitting line problem, is proposed with its formulas deduced process. In comparison with LMS, it isnpsilat influenced by the posture of pointers, and can fitting the location of the center of pointer table in precision. This system can be used not only in instrument testing but also in cases which are not suitable for manual operation.