gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Central Versus Peripheral Determinants of Patterned Spike Activity in Rat Vibrissa Cortex During Whisking (1997)

We report on the relationship between single-unit activity in primary somatosensory vibrissa cortex of rat and the rhythmic movement of vibrissae. Animals were trained to whisk freely in air in search of food. Electromyographic (EMG) recordings from the mystatial pads served as a reference for the position of the vibrissae. A fast, oscillatory component in single-unit spike trains is correlated with vibrissa position within the whisk cycle. The phase of the correlation for different units is broadly distributed. A second, slowly varying component of spike activity correlates with the amplitude of the whisk cycle. For some units, the phase and amplitude correlations were of sufficient strength to allow the position of the whiskers to be accurately predicted from a single spike train. To determine whether the observed patterned spike activity was driven by motion of the vibrissae, as opposed to central pathways, we reversibly blocked the contralateral facial motor nerve during the behavioral task so that the rat whisked only on the ipsilateral side. The ipsilateral EMG served as a reliable reference signal. The fast, oscillatory component of the spike-EMG correlation disappears when the facial motor nerve is blocked. This implies that the position of vibrissae within a cycle is encoded through direct sensory activation. The slowly varying component of the spike-EMG correlation is unaffected by the block. This implies that the amplitude of whisking is likely to be mediated by corollary discharge. Our results suggest that motor cortex does not relay a reference signal to sensory cortex for positional information of the vibrissae during whisking.
Dual-Affinity Re-Targeting proteins direct T cell-mediated cytolysis of latently HIV-infected cells (2020)

Enhancement of HIV-specific immunity is likely required to eliminate latent HIV infection. Here, we have developed an immunotherapeutic modality aimed to improve T cell-mediated clearance of HIV-1-infected cells. Specifically, we employed Dual-Affinity Re-Targeting (DART) proteins, which are bispecific, antibody-based molecules that can bind 2 distinct cell-surface molecules simultaneously. We designed DARTs with a monovalent HIV-1 envelope-binding (Env-binding) arm that was derived from broadly binding, antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity-mediating antibodies known to bind to HIV-infected target cells coupled to a monovalent CD3 binding arm designed to engage cytolytic effector T cells (referred to as HIVxCD3 DARTs). Thus, these DARTs redirected polyclonal T cells to specifically engage with and kill Env-expressing cells, including CD4+ T cells infected with different HIV-1 subtypes, thereby obviating the requirement for HIV-specific immunity. Using lymphocytes from patients on suppressive antiretroviral therapy (ART), we demonstrated that DARTs mediate CD8+ T cell clearance of CD4+ T cells that are superinfected with the HIV-1 strain JR-CSF or infected with autologous reservoir viruses isolated from HIV-infected-patient resting CD4+ T cells. Moreover, DARTs mediated CD8+ T cell clearance of HIV from resting CD4+ T cell cultures following induction of latent virus expression. Combined with HIV latency reversing agents, HIVxCD3 DARTs have the potential to be effective immunotherapeutic agents to clear latent HIV-1 reservoirs in HIV-infected individuals.
An overview of the nCUBE 3 supercomputer (2003)

nCUBE is developing a new family of massively parallel products-the nCUBE 3 systems. These next-generation supercomputers will be the industry's first implementable multi-TeraFLOPS platforms and will be 100% compatible with previous-generation nCUBE systems. The nCUBE 3 family will carry nCUBE's philosophy of high integration and scalability to new, industry-leading levels, offering systems that scale from low-end, entry-level products to high-end, grand challenge machines. After introducing the nCUBE 3 system, the authors describe the nCUBE 3 system implementation.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
PHOENIX: a building block for fault tolerant broadband packet switches (2002)

The authors describe PHOENIX, a self-routing, crosspoint buffered 2*2 VLSI switching element being developed for fault-tolerant, flexible broadband packet switching at 150 Mbit/s. A variety of architectures of different sizes can be implemented using this chip as a building block. PHOENIX employs self-checking logic for concurrent error detection. An error indication can be used either to trigger adaptive routing or to switch in a standby fabric. Alternative routing can be used for tolerating faults without having the packets arrive out of order. PHOENIX is ideally suited for implementing multistage interconnection networks. One particular variation of the banyan network, called the MD-Omega network, which employs both space and time redundancy for fault tolerance, is described in some detail. Blocking in PHOENIX based switches is reduced by a combination of crosspoint buffering and internal speedup. An ATM (asynchronous transfer mode) switched based on the MD-Omega network gives reasonable performance under uniform and bursty traffic.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Guided differentiation of bone marrow stromal cells on co-cultured cartilage and bone scaffolds (2015)

Focal chondral defects that result from traumatic injuries to the knee remain one of the most common causes of disability in patients. Current solutions for healing focal cartilage defects are mainly limited by the production of inferior cartilage-like tissue and subsequent delamination due to incomplete healing of the subchondral bone. In this experiment a polymeric osteochondral implant for guiding autologous bone marrow stem cells (BMSCs) to populate the scaffold to create distinctive bone and cartilage tissue is used. The cartilage component presents bioactive aligned nanofibers containing chondroitin sulfate and hyaluronic acid while the bone component includes hydroxyapatite to promote chondrogenic and osteogenic differentiation of the rat BMSCs in vitro. The different cartilage and bone components resulted in the elevated expression of osteogenic markers such as bone sialoprotein, runt related transcription factor 2, and bone morphogenetic protein 2 in the deeper bone layer and chondrogenic markers such as collagen type II and aggrecan in the cartilage layer. Through immunofluorescence imaging, the alignment of the secreted collagen type II fibrils and aggrecan was visualized and quantified on the cartilage component of the scaffold. These current studies show that the biodegradable biphasic osteochondral implant may be effective in promoting more hyaline-like tissue to fill in chondral defects of the knee.
Organic photovoltaics based on a crosslinkable PCPDTBT analogue; synthesis, morphological studies, solar cell performance and enhanced lifetime (2013)

A thermally crosslinkable poly(cyclopentadithiophene-alt-benzothiadiazole) (PCPDTBT) analogue copolymer with 2-ethylhexyl group and 5-hexenyl group on 4,4-positions of cyclopentadithiophene has been synthesised by palladium catalyzed Suzuki coupling reaction. Space-Charge Limited Current (SCLC) devices show hole mobility of up to 3 × 10−4 cm2 V−1 s−1. In addition, organic photovoltaics (OPVs) were fabricated using fullerene derivatives as acceptor materials. The best performing device exhibited Power Conversion Efficiency (PCE) at 2.0%, which could be improved to 3.7% after inclusion of dithiol additives. Most significantly, the lifetime of the OPV was enhanced by the crosslinking; when light soaked at 1 sun of irradiance, a half-life, t1/2 = 419 hours was measured, which is 51% improvement over an OPV using standard PCPDTBT. This higher stability is accounted for the crosslinkable structure of the polymer after annealing. The crosslinking reaction was confirmed by solubility tests, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and morphological analysis conducted by Atomic Force Microscopy and simultaneous synchrotron grazing-incidence small-/wide-angle X-ray scattering.
Association of Hemoglobin A1c and Baseline Ischemic Stroke Severity: A Population-Based Study (P1.187) (2016)

Objective: To investigate the relationship between HbA1c levels and ischemic stroke risk. Background: There is a known positive association between HbA1c levels and ischemic stroke (IS) risk. However, there has been no exploration of the effect of HbA1c (a measure of average blood glucose within the preceding 3 months) on stroke severity at presentation. Methods: We identified all hospital-ascertained cases of IS occurring in 2010 within a biracial population of 1.3 million. A linear regression model was used to assess the effect of elevated HbA1c on stroke severity (as measured by baseline NIHSS score on admission). Models were adjusted for race, age, baseline disability, and comorbidities including congestive heart failure, dementia, atrial fibrillation, and coronary artery disease. Results: Of 2272 IS cases, 792 had baseline HbA1c measured during admission. Mean age was 66.1 (SD 13.9), 27.6[percnt] were black, and 57.2[percnt] had a history of diabetes mellitus (DM). IS cases without HbA1C had the same median NIHSS (3.0) as those with HbA1c measured. Elevated HbA1c (≥6.5[percnt]) was seen in 17[percnt] of patients without and 74[percnt] of patients with history of DM. Multivariable analysis found a significant 22[percnt] increase (P=0.04) in NIHSS in the lowest HbA1C quartile (≤5.8[percnt]) compared with the highest quartile ( > 7.5[percnt]). However, this effect was no longer significant when DM was added to the model. Examination of groups with/without diabetes separately showed a consistent negative direction in the relationship between HbA1c and NIHSS (association not statistically significant). Conclusions: We found that elevated HbA1c was associated with decreased stroke severity at presentation. However, this effect is mediated by the history of DM rather than a specific dose-effect of glycemic control. Our results provide evidence that although chronic hyperglycemia increases risk of stroke, it is not associated with increased stroke severity.
Prospective Investigation of Stress Inoculation in Young Monkeys (2004)

These results provide the first prospective evidence that moderately stressful early experiences strengthen socioemotional and neuroendocrine resistance to subsequent stressors. This preclinical model offers essential opportunities to improve our understanding and enhance prevention of human stress-related psychiatric disorders by elucidating the etiology and neurobiology of stress resistance.
A Biofeedback System for Continuous Monitoring of Bone Healing (2014)

A telemetric biofeedback concept for continuous monitoring of bone healing is introduced. The system is based on an implantable electronic unit with on-board data processing of deformations or displacements of fracture fixation devices. In contrast to existing solutions, it allows for autonomous long-term data collection over several months. The system enables observing fracture motion and patient activity under daily routine conditions. Feasibility of the approach was proven in an animal experiment with an instrumented plate monitoring axial motion in a transverse osteotomy gap at the sheep tibia. Callus formation and maturation of the repair tissue was indicated by a decline of the interfragmentary motion signal over time and by changes in the animal's activity pattern. For improved understanding and interpretation of such information, extended collection of in-vivo data is the consequent next step.
Novel Asymmetric Wittig Reaction: Synthesis of Chiral Allenic Esters. (2005)

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Integrated electroabsorption modulators for WDM systems (2002)

One of the keys to viable WDM systems is the availability of inexpensive low-chirp optical transmitters at 1.55 /spl mu/m. By taking advantage of photonic integrated circuit technology, it is possible to produce monolithically integrated DFB or DBR laser/electroabsorption modulators (EMLs) with low chirp, low drive voltage and high extinction ratio, in a single compact package. 2.5 Gbit/s EMLs have recently become commercially available, and prototype 10 Gbit/s EMLs are available for system experiments.
Transferable Belief Model for hair mask segmentation (2010)

In this paper, we present a study of transferable belief model for automatic hair segmentation process. Firstly, we recall the transferable Belief Model. Secondly, we defined for the parameters which characterize hair (Frequency and Color) a Basic Belief assignment which represents the belief that a pixel was or not a hair pixel. Then we introduce a discounting function based on the distance to the face to increase the reliability of our sensors. At the end of this process, we segment the hair with a matting process. We compare the process with the logical fusion. Results are evaluated using semi-manual segmentation references.
Electrically Forced Coaxial Nanojets for One-Step Hollow Nanofiber Design (2004)

The outer liquid of a two-liquid coaxial electrified jet is gelled before the onset of natural instabilities to yield hollow nanofibers. By using sol-gel chemistry, innocuous solvents such as glycerol and olive oil, and electrohydrodynamics, it is possible to make such structures in a rather straightforward manner.
Study on High Power Electric Energy Storage Devices Using Polyacenic Semiconductor Material (2007)

Electric energy storage devices with higher energy density and higher power density are required for hybrid electric vehicle use. We have investigated the structure and property of polyacenic semiconductor materials (PAS) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) materials and the power characteristics (the resistance and the rate capability) of devices using the PAS or PAHs materials as negative electrodes. We focused on the effect of the particle size and the Li predoping amount on the power characteristics. We found that submicrometer particles of polyacenic semiconductor materials (PAS) with the Li predoping over have an excellent rate capability with current density over 500C.
Plant‐produced human growth hormone shows biological activity in a rat model (2009)

Plants have been shown to be efficient systems for expressing a wide range of recombinant proteins from various origins. Here, using a plant virus-based expression vector to produce human growth hormone (hGH) in Nicotiana benthamiana plants, we demonstrate, for the first time, that the plant-produced hGH (pphGH) is biologically active in a hypophysectomized rat model. We observed an average weight gain of approximately 17 g per animal in a group of 10 animals that were injected subcutaneously with pphGH with 60 microg/dose for 10 days. With the increasing demand for hGH, accompanied with the need to make this recombinant protein available to a wider population at a more reasonable cost, plants provide a feasible alternative to current production platforms.
Immune evasion and immunotherapy resistance via TGF-beta activation of extracellular matrix genes in cancer associated fibroblasts (2018)

The ability to disseminate, invade and successfully colonise other tissues is a critical hallmark of cancer that involves remodelling of the extracellular matrix (ECM) laid down by fibroblasts 1 . Moreover, Cancer-Associated-Fibroblasts (CAFs) produce key growth factors and cytokines as components of the ECM that fuel tumour growth, metastasis and chemoresistance, and immune response 2-4 . ECM changes also predict prognosis in pancreatic 5 and colorectal cancers 6,7 . Here, we examine the landscape of ECM-gene dysregulation pan-cancer and find that a subset of ECM genes is ( i ) dysregulated specifically in cancer, ( ii ) adversely prognostic, ( iii ) linked to TGF-beta signalling and transcription in Cancer-Associated-Fibroblasts, ( iv ) enriched in immunologically active cancers, and ( v ) predicts responses to Immune checkpoint blockade better than mutation burden, cytolytic activity, or an interferon signature, thus identifying a novel mechanism of immune evasion for patient stratification in precision immunotherapy and pharmacological modulation.
Titanium Complex Containing a Saligenin Ligand - New Universal Post-Metallocene Polymerization Catalyst: Copolymerization of Ethylene with Higher α-Olefins (2015)

Copolymerization reactions of ethylene with three α-olefins, 1-hexene, 1-octene and 1-decene, were carried out with a new post-metallocene catalyst based on Ti complex with a bidentate saligenin-type ligand I and two co catalysts, MAO and a combination of AlEt2Cl and MgBu2. Ability of the I - AlEt2Cl - MgBu2 system to copolymerize α-olefins with ethylene is far superior to that of the I - MAO system. Reactivity of α-olefins in copolymerization reactions with ethylene decreases in the sequence: 1-hexene&gt;1-octene&gt;1-decene. Both catalyst systems, I - MAO and I - AlEt2Cl - MgBu2, contain several populations of active centers that greatly differs both in the average molecular weights and in composition of the copolymer molecules they produce. Active centers in both catalytic systems show significant tendency to alternate monomer units in copolymer chains.
PAMELA’S MEASUREMENTS OF MAGNETOSPHERIC EFFECTS ON HIGH-ENERGY SOLAR PARTICLES (2015)

The nature of particle acceleration at the Sun, whether through flare reconnection processes or through shocks driven by coronal mass ejections, is still under scrutiny despite decades of research. The measured properties of solar energetic particles (SEPs) have long been modeled in different particle-acceleration scenarios. The challenge has been to disentangle the effects of transport from those of acceleration. The Payload for Antimatter Matter Exploration and Light-nuclei Astrophysics (PAMELA) instrument enables unique observations of SEPs including the composition and angular distribution of the particles about the magnetic field, i.e., pitch angle distribution, over a broad energy range (&gt;80 MeV)—bridging a critical gap between space-based and ground-based measurements. We present high-energy SEP data from PAMELA acquired during the 2012 May 17 SEP event. These data exhibit differential anisotropies and thus transport features over the instrument rigidity range. SEP protons exhibit two distinct pitch angle distributions: a low-energy population that extends to 90° and a population that is beamed at high energies (&gt;1 GeV), consistent with neutron monitor measurements. To explain a low-energy SEP population that exhibits significant scattering or redistribution accompanied by a high-energy population that reaches the Earth relatively unaffected by dispersive transport effects, we postulate that the scattering or redistribution takes place locally. We believe that these are the first comprehensive measurements of the effects of solar energetic particle transport in the Earth’s magnetosheath.
Kidney Function Is Not Related to Brain Amyloid Burden on PET Imaging in The 90+ Study Cohort (2021)

Cognitive decline is common in chronic kidney disease (CKD). While the evidence of vascular cognitive impairment in this population is robust, the role of Alzheimer's pathology is unknown. We evaluated serum cystatin C-estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), brain amyloid-β positron emission tomography (PET) imaging, and cognitive function in 166 participants from The 90+ Study. Mean age was 93 years (range 90-107) and 101 (61%) were women; 107 participants had normal cognitive status while 59 participants had cognitive impairment no dementia (CIND) or dementia. Mean ± standard deviation cystatin C was 1.59 ± 0.54 mg/L with eGFR 40.7 ± 18.7 ml/min/1.73m<sup>2</sup>. Higher amyloid-β burden was associated with dementia, but not with age, diabetes, hypertension, or cardiovascular disease. We found no association between brain amyloid-β burden and cystatin C eGFR. We previously reported that kidney function was associated with cognition and cerebral microbleeds in the same cohort of oldest-old adults (90+ years old). Collectively, these findings suggest that microvascular rather than Alzheimer's pathology drives CKD-associated cognitive dysfunction in this population.
Local ion temperature measurements in the tokamak UNITOR by collective Thomson scattering (1993)

Collective Thomson scattering has been applied to determine ion temperatures in the small-sized, low-density tokamak UNITOR with high spatial and temporal resolution. As the scatter light source a 400 kW D2O laser has been applied. The scatter signal are detected by means of a heterodyne technique. At an electron density of 3*1019 m-3 and an electron temperature of 180 eV the ion temperature reaches 20 eV+or-16 eV at 1 ms and 60 eV+or-25 eV at 2 ms after ignition. The measured ion data are confirmed by an energy balance.
Postscript – where do we go from here? (2000)

This short postscript wraps up the book, and provides pointers to further reading and gathering information. The comments are personal impressions rather than cut and dried issues. Please take them suitably lightly – and then get on with the rest of your life which is, of course, all too short. Time is the only real enemy – someone must have said that before.
Performance Measurements and Analysis of Network I/O Applications in Virtualized Cloud (2010)

Virtualization is a key technology for cloud based data centers to implement the vision of infrastructure as a service (IaaS) and to promote effective server consolidation and application consolidation. However, current implementation of virtual machine monitor does not provide sufficient performance isolation to guarantee the effectiveness of resource sharing, especially when the applications running on multiple virtual machines of the same physical machine are competing for computing and communication sources. In this paper, we present our performance measurement study of network I/O applications in virtualized cloud. We focus our measurement based analysis on performance impact of co-locating applications in a virtualized cloud in terms of throughput and resource sharing effectiveness, including the impact of idle instances on applications that are running concurrently on the same physical host. Our results show that by strategically co-locating network I/O applications, performance improvement for cloud consumers can be as high as 34%, and the cloud providers can achieve over 40% performance gain.