gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Ionomers for Tunable Softening of Thermoplastic Polyurethane (2016)

Thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) sulfonate ionomers with quaternary ammonium cations were synthesized to achieve soft TPUs without using conventional low molecular weight plasticizers. The sulfonated monomer N,N-bis(2-hydroxyethyl)-2-aminoethanesulfonic acid (BES) neutralized with bulky ammonium counterions was incorporated as a chain extender to internally plasticize the TPU. Increasing the steric bulk of the counterion and the concentration of the ionic species produced softer TPUs with improved melt processability. The incorporation of the sulfonate species suppressed crystallinity of the TPU hard block, which was mainly responsible for the softening of the polymer. The synthetic procedure developed allows for facile tuning of the mechanical properties of the TPU by simply switching the counterion and/or increasing the feed ratio of ionic monomer. The precursors in this study were synthesized and analyzed via 1H NMR, and the thermomechanical properties of the resulting TPU ionomers were characterized by differential scanning calorimetry, dynamic mechanical analysis, Shore A hardness, and static mechanical testing.
Nanosecond thermal fiber switch using a Sagnac interferometer (1999)

We demonstrate a new, fast, and stable all-optical fiber switch based on the TOAD principle. It utilizes a transient thermal phase shift induced by a short pump pulse to cause switching in a cobalt (Co)-doped fiber placed in a Sagnac fiber loop. Switched pulses as short as 7-ns were observed in a 2-m loop containing a 2.55-cm length of Co-doped fiber pumped with 12-ns pulses. Compared to other all-optical switches using doped fibers, this switch offers a dramatic increase in speed and stability, and a sizable reduction in fiber length requirement.
Is marital status and information of the father associated with access to prevention of mother-to-child HIV transmission? (2009)

Address: 1Inserm U822, Le kremlin-Bicetre, France, 2Univ Paris sud, Faculte de medecine Paris Sud, Le kremlin-Bicetre, France, 3AP-HP, Hopital Bicetre, Epidemiologie and public health service, Le kremlin-Bicetre, France, 4INED, Paris, France, 5AP-HP, Hopital Salpetriere, Department of infectious diseases, Paris, France, 6INSERM, U543, Paris, France, 7EA 3620, Univ Paris Descartes 5, Paris, France, 8AP-HP, Hopital Necker, Unite d'immunologie Hematologie pediatrique, Paris, France, 9AP-HP, Hopital Trousseau, Service d'Hematologie et d'oncologie pediatrique, Paris, France, 10AP-HP, Hopital Robert Debre, Service de pediatrique generale, Paris, France, 11AP-HP, Hopital Necker, Virology Department, Paris, France, 12Univ Paris 7, Paris, France and 13AP-HP, Hopital Louis Mourrier, Gynecology and obstetrics department, Colombes, France * Corresponding author
Effects of Glucan and Vitamin D Supplementation on Obesity and Lipid Metabolism in Diabetic Retinopathy (2018)

From our data, we concluded that glucan and vitamin D supplementation strongly influence lipid metabolism and have positive effects on human health.
Influence of codon 35 amino acid insertion in HIV-1 protease: insights from molecular dynamics (2018)

One of the main challenges facing the development of effective anti HIV-1 medicines relates to the high mutation rate of essential enzymes, such as HIV-1 Protease (HIV1Pr).[1] Pereira Vaz et al. [2] first reported a threonine insertion at position 35 (E35E_T), in the HIV1Pr coding region, among treatment-na&iuml;ve subtype C infected individuals. Undetectable viral loads were attained after antiretroviral therapy in such individuals, with no associated major mutations, implying null contribution of E35E_T to viral resistance. Interestingly, a new study suggests a potential additive effect of position 35 insertions when in presence of major mutations &ndash; ultimately leading to resistance to HIV1Pr inhibitors in higher extent. [3] In order to study the role of the E35E_T insertion in the structure and ligand-binding propensity of HIV1Pr, homology models were generated from subtype B and subtype C base sequences, using available X-ray structures corresponding to highest identity sequences as template. Fifty (50)-nanoseconds Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulations were then performed for unbound and bound (HIV1PR:darunavir complex) structures of the wild-type form and a single‑point major mutation variant of HIV1PR &ndash; in all cases in presence and absence of E35_T. Combining simple measurements like the root mean square (RMS) deviations and fluctuations, applied to the whole protein and to its two functional flap regions, with principal component analysis (PCA) of the multiple MD trajectories, we herein contrast the behaviour of all systems in attempt to dissect the putative role of E35E_T in the resistance towards HIV1PR inhibitors.
Use of a Frameless, Armless Stereotactic Wand for Brain Tumor Localization with Two-Dimensional and Three-Dimensional Neuroimaging (1993)

Preliminary experience with a frameless, armless stereotactic localization system in brain tumor surgery is presented. The localizing wand emits ultrasonic pulses that are detected by a table-mounted array of microphones--with triangulation of the emitter positions. The wand tip and trajectory are determined by proprietary computer software. Real-time display of this information is presented in multiple, two-dimensional or three-dimensional displays. Forty-eight patients underwent 52 craniotomies for brain tumors. The wand was used to assist in placing a minimal craniotomy in 48 cases, to determine the tumor/brain interface in 27 cases, to localize subcortical tumors in 14 cases, and to correlate the physiological mapping with the surface anatomy in 5 cases. In 12 instances, the wand was used in conjunction with frame stereotaxy and found to be comparable or superior. Triplanar (coronal, sagittal, transverse) two-dimensional images provided sufficient information for the detection of tumor boundaries but proved difficult to use to access a subcortical lesion; two-dimensional or three-dimensional images along the localization axis were more helpful. Frameless stereotaxy with this sonic wand system proved to be a useful adjunct to open-tumor biopsy or resection.
Mechanistic basis for the therapeutic effectiveness of botulinum toxin A on over-active cholinergic nerves (2007)

Seven homologous variants (serotypes A–G) of botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT) are produced by different Clostridium botulinum, and closely-related toxins have been isolated from C. butyricum and C. barati. All are proteins with Mr ∼ 150 K which are activated by selective proteolytic cleavage to yield a heavy chain (HC) and a light chain (LC) linked by a disulphide bond and non-covalent interactions. Each exhibits amazingly high specific neurotoxicities (107–108 mouse LD50 units/mg) after separation from their naturally-occurring complexes with accessory proteins. The size and composition of such complexes differ for each serotype; for example, type A can be isolated as large assemblies (LL or L forms with Mr ∼ 900 or 450 K) of the active moiety, BoNT, with non-toxic non-haemagglutinin and several haemagglutinin proteins.
Improving the Performance of Resonant Controls for Vibration Suppression Using a Negative Derivative Feedback (2012)

The paper presents a resonant control technique called Negative Derivative Feedback (NDF), suitable for vibration suppression in mechanical flexible structures. Resonant controllers calculate the control action through a feedback compensator. For NDF this compensator works as a band-pass filter, allowing to reduce some problems typically arising with resonant controllers like, for example control spillover. The proposed control logic is compared with different state of the art resonant controllers, such as Independent Modal Space Control, Positive Position Feedback and Active Modal Tuned Mass Damper, showing better performances both theoretically and experimentally.
Encapsulation of γ-Fe2O3decorated reduced graphene oxide in polyaniline core–shell tubes as an exceptional tracker for electromagnetic environmental pollution (2014)

High performance γ-Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>decorated rGO–polyaniline core–shell tubes demonstrated exceptional EMI shielding which could be an ultimate choice for future building block material in EMI SE applications.
On Context-Tree Prediction of Individual Sequences (2007)

Motivated by the evident success of context-tree based methods in lossless data compression, we explore, in this correspondence, methods of the same spirit in universal prediction of individual sequences. By context-tree prediction, we refer to a family of prediction schemes, where at each time instant t, after having observed all outcomes of the data sequence x <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sub> ,...,x <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">t-1</sub> , but not yet x <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">t </sub> , the prediction is based on a "context" (or a state) that consists of the k most recent past outcomes x <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">t-k</sub> ,...,x <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">t-1</sub> , where the choice of k may depend on the contents of a possibly longer, though limited, portion of the observed past, x <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">t-kmax</sub> ,...,x <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">t-1</sub> . This is different from the study reported in the paper by Feder, Merhav, and Gutman (1992), where general finite-state predictors as well as "Markov" (finite-memory) predictors of fixed order, were studied in the regime of individual sequences. Another important difference between this study and the work of Feder is the asymptotic regime. While in their work, the resources of the predictor (i.e., the number of states or the memory size) were kept fixed regardless of the length N of the data sequence, here we investigate situations where the number of contexts, or states, is allowed to grow concurrently with N. We are primarily interested in the following fundamental question: What is the critical growth rate of the number of contexts, below which the performance of the best context-tree predictor is still universally achievable, but above which it is not? We show that this critical growth rate is linear in N. In particular, we propose a universal context-tree algorithm that essentially achieves optimum performance as long as the growth rate is sublinear, and show that, on the other hand, this is impossible in the linear case
Characterization of a continuous cell line (MHH-NB-11) derived from advanced neuroblastoma. (1989)

A continuous cell line was established from an explanted tumor biopsy obtained from a patient with advanced neuroblastoma, which showed no response to chemotherapy. This cell line MHH-NB-11 retained most properties of the original immature tumor, even after xenotransplantation into nude mice. The cell line consisted of small dense cells with scant cytoplasm and thin; long processes and expressed neuron-specific enolase and synaptophysin, but neither GFAP nor S-100 protein. Karyotyping showed karyograms with 49 to 54 chromosomes, with a modal at 52. Most cells had trisomy 2,7,8,20, but only few structural aberrations were observed. Two of four chromosomes 1 showed a rearrangement of the terminal 1p segment, and all cells had a long HSR on the long arm of one of the chromosomes 13. This region hybridized in situ with the N-myc probe pNB-1. N-myc was amplified 20-fold in this neuroblastoma cell line as determined in Southern blot analysis. This cell line should be a useful tool in vitro or as a xenograft model for neuroblastoma research.
Passage of CD18-and CD18+Bovine Neutrophils into Pulmonary Alveoli during AcutePasteurella haemolyticaPneumonia (1996)

CD18 is a subunit for three beta 2 integrin molecules (Mac-1, p150, 95, LFA-1), which are expressed on the plasma membrane of neutrophils. These molecules mediate passage of neutrophils into sites of infection. In children and animals that lack CD18 expression, neutrophil infiltration is impaired in most tissues. However, in lung, CD18- neutrophils have been identified in the airway spaces during spontaneous episodes of pneumonia. To determine whether CD18 is vital for passage through the pulmonary alveolar wall, lung lobes of cattle with neutrophils that were deficient in CD18 expression (CD18-) and cattle with normal CD18 expression (CD18+) were inoculated with Pasteurella haemolytica by fiberoptic bronchoscopy; control lobes were inoculated with pyrogen-free saline (PFS). Neutrophil passage into alveolar lumina at 4 and 6 hours postinoculation was measured by computerized image analysis. Blood levels of neutrophils for CD18- cattle ranged from 12- to 26-fold higher than for CD18+ cattle prior to inoculation, and counts in both groups rose slightly postinoculation. In P. haemolytica-inoculated lobes, total numbers of neutrophils in alveolar lumina of the two groups were similar. An increase in the number of neutrophils in the alveolar wall was fourfold greater in CD18- cattle than in CD18+ cattle. In PFS-inoculated lobes, the number of neutrophils in the alveolar wall was sixfold higher in CD18 cattle than in CD18+ cattle. This work shows that by 4 and 6 hours, CD18- neutrophils enter the alveolar lumen at a rate similar to that in CD18+ cattle. Higher numbers of CD18- neutrophils are present in the alveolar wall of control (PFS) and bacteria-inoculated lobes. Thus, the CD18- cells are increased in the walls of alveoli and numbers of neutrophils that enter the alveolar lumen are similar in CD18+ and CD18- cattle.
<title>Nonlinear absorption in diphenyl butadiene, diphenyl butadiyne, and a series of acetylene compounds using the Z-scan technique</title> (1994)

The nonlinear absorption in a series of compounds has been investigated using the open aperture Z-scan technique. The compounds investigated were diphenyl acetylene, diphenyl butadiene, diphenyl butadiyne, 1,4-bis (phenylethynyl) benzene, bis (4-biphenyl) acetylene, 4,4'-bis (phenylethynyl) biphenyl. Solutions of the compounds were made in chloroform and showed no linear absorption at the laser wavelength. The Z-scan measurements were carried out using 35 ps laser pulses at 532 nm. Nonlinear absorption was observed for all of these materials, and the nonlinear absorption coefficient (beta) has been determined from this data. The nonlinear absorption process for two of the compounds, bis (4-biphenyl) acetylene, 4,4'-bis (phenylethynyl) biphenyl, is most likely caused by a two-photon absorption to a two-photon allowed state. The nonlinear absorption mechanism for the remaining compounds appears to be two-photon absorption followed by linear absorption from this excited state. The refractive nonlinearity has been more difficult to determine, and in most cases appears to be indistinguishable from the solvent contribution.
Methane Storage on Surface Modified Activated Carbons (2008)

This DOI is not currently attached to any metadata records. DOIs can’t actually ever be deleted (they’re persistent), but sometimes our members create DOIs in error. We do have a process to approximate deletion which we follow only in rare cases where the DOI has been genuinely created in error, and most crucially, if the DOI has never been published anywhere online or in print and never otherwise distributed to or communicated with anyone (authors, readers, reviewers, etc.
Design and fabrication of weakly-coupled few-modes fibers (2012)

We study and optimize few-mode fibers for weakly-coupled mode division multiplexed transmissions that allow to multiply the capacity of single-mode systems by more than a tenfold.
Surface-Subsurface Distribution of Bacteria in Swimming Pools—Field Studies (1960)

Surface-Subsurface Distribution of Bacteria in Swimming Pools—Field Studies Elliot C. Dick, Ivan F. Shull, and Alan S. Armstrong CopyRight https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.50.5.689 Published Online: August 29, 2011
Apolipoprotein C3 Polymorphisms, Cognitive Function and Diabetes in Caribbean Origin Hispanics (2009)

In summary, we identified significant associations between APOC3 polymorphisms, impaired cognition and metabolic dysregulation in Caribbean Hispanics with diabetes. Further research investigating these relationships in other populations is warranted.
Markers of cholesterol metabolism and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with chronic kidney disease (2020)

Abstract Background In dialysis patients statins are less effective than in other high risk patients due to a shift from cholesterol synthesis towards cholesterol absorption. The CARE FOR HOMe study investigates whether a shift towards cholesterol absorption occurs in non-dialysis chronic kidney disease (CKD), and whether the ratio of campesterol-to-lathosterol predicts cardiovascular outcomes in non-dialysis CKD patients. Methods In this analysis 251 participants suffering from CKD (KDIGO 2–4) without lipid-lowering drugs were included and followed for major atherosclerotic events (MACE). Additionally, all-cause death and the composite endpoint MACE and all-cause death were explored. We performed univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis, adjusting for age, gender, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), log-transformed albuminuria, prevalent cardiovascular disease, current smoking, diabetes mellitus, systolic blood pressure and body mass index. The primary hypothesis was that patients with a high campesterol-to-lathosterol ratio had a higher event rate. Results Neither lathosterol-to-cholesterol (r=0.022; p=0.730), nor campesterol-to-cholesterol (r=0.041; p=0.519) nor campesterol-to-lathosterol (r=−0.103; p=0.105) correlated with eGFR. During follow-up of 5.1±2.1 years, 47 participants suffered from MACE, 46 participants died and 61 reached the composite endpoint of MACE or all-cause death. In univariate Cox regression analysis, campesterol-to-lathosterol did not predict atherosclerotic cardiovascular events (HR 0.740; 0.368–1.487), all-cause death (HR 0.564; 0.277–1.145) or the composite endpoint (HR 0.652; 0.355–1.196). After full adjustment: campesterol-to-lathosterol was not associated with all three endpoints; MACE (HR 1.064; 0.507–2.231), all-cause death (HR 0.818; 0.420–1.594) and MACE and all-cause death (HR 0.956; 0.525–1.744). Conclusion Markers of cholesterol metabolism were not associated with eGFR in patients with impaired renal function (KDIGO 2–4). Campesterol-to-lathosterol did not predict future MACE or all-cause death in non-dialysis CKD. These findings do not support the concept that patients with impaired renal function (KDIGO 2–4) benefit in particular from ezetimibe treatment. Further research is required to address this hypothesis in dialysis patients. Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding source: None
High‐resolution gravity model of Venus (1992)

The anomalous gravity field of Venus shows high correlation with surface features revealed by radar. We extract gravity models from the Doppler tracking data from the Pioneer Venus Orbiter (PVO) by means of a two‐step process. In the first step, we solve the nonlinear spacecraft state estimation problem using a Kalman filter‐smoother. The Kalman filter has been evaluated through simulations. This evaluation and some unusual features of the filter are discussed. In the second step, we perform a geophysical inversion using a linear Bayesian estimator. To allow an unbiased comparison between gravity and topography, we use a simulation technique to smooth and distort the radar topographic data so as to yield maps having the same characteristics as our gravity maps. The maps presented cover 2/3 of the surface of Venus and display the strong topography‐gravity correlation previously reported. The topography‐gravity scatter plots show two distinct trends.
Structural investigation of the lipopolysaccharide from Proteus mirabilis R45 (Re-chemotype) (1994)

Five phosphorylated saccharides were isolated from the deacylated then N-acetylated lipopolysaccharide (LPS) of Proteus mirabilis R45 (Re-chemotype) by anion-exchange chromatography. Their structures were determined by 1- and 2-dimensional 1 H- and 3 C-nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy as α-Kdo-(2-4)-[β-L-Ara pNAc-(1-8)-]-α-Kdo-(2-6)-β-D-GIc pNAc-(1-6)-α-D-GIc pNAc 1-phosphate (1), α-Kdo-(2-4)-[β-L-Ara pNAc-(1-8)-]-α-Kdo-(2-6)-β-D-Glc pNAc-(1-6)-α-D-Glc pNAc 1,4'-bisphosphate (2), α-Kdo-(2-4)-α-Kdo-(2-6)-β-D-Glc pNAc-(1-6)-α-D-Glc pNAc 1-phosphate (3), α-Kdo-(2-4)-α-Kdo-(2-6)-β-D-Glc pNAc-(1-6)-α-D-GlcpNAc 1,4'-bisphosphate (4), and β-L-Ara pNAc 1-phosphate (5) (ArapNAc, 4-acetamido-4-deoxy-L-arabinopyranose; Kdo, 3-deoxy-D-manno-octulopyranosonic acid). Compounds 1-5 were obtained from deacylated LPS in a molar ratio of ~1.1:0.8:1.1:1.0:0.6 as determined by high-performance anion-exchange chromatography. Although we cannot exclude that in the deacylated LPS (without N-acetylation) the molar ratio may be different, the result can be taken as indication that in LPS about 50% of the 4'-phosphates of lipid A are substituted by (β-L-AraρN. Furthermore, our data prove that the first Kdo in the carbohydrate chain is partially substituted by a second residue of ArapN. The de-O-acylated LPS was additionally investigated using fast atom bombardment and B/E linked scan mass spectrometry which confirmed the above findings and also identified minor amounts of another LPS species possessing a third pentosamine residue.
Normative properties of multi-criteria choice procedures and their superpositions: I (2015)

Two-stage superposition choice procedures, which sequentially apply two choice procedures so that the result of the first choice procedure is the input for the second choice procedure, are studied. We define which of them satisfy given normative conditions, showing how a final choice is changed due to the changes of preferences or a set of feasible alternatives. A theorem is proved showing which normative conditions are satisfied for two-stage choice procedures based on different scoring rules, rules, using majority relation, value function and tournament matrix. A complexity of two-stage choice procedures as well as its runtime on real data are evaluated.
Human blood MAIT cell subsets defined using MR1 tetramers (2018)

Mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells represent up to 10% of circulating human T cells. They are usually defined using combinations of non-lineage-specific (surrogate) markers such as anti-TRAV1-2, CD161, IL-18Rα and CD26. The development of MR1-Ag tetramers now permits the specific identification of MAIT cells based on T-cell receptor specificity. Here, we compare these approaches for identifying MAIT cells and show that surrogate markers are not always accurate in identifying these cells, particularly the CD4<sup>+</sup> fraction. Moreover, while all MAIT cell subsets produced comparable levels of IFNγ, TNF and IL-17A, the CD4<sup>+</sup> population produced more IL-2 than the other subsets. In a human ontogeny study, we show that the frequencies of most MR1 tetramer<sup>+</sup> MAIT cells, with the exception of CD4<sup>+</sup> MAIT cells, increased from birth to about 25 years of age and declined thereafter. We also demonstrate a positive association between the frequency of MAIT cells and other unconventional T cells including Natural Killer T (NKT) cells and Vδ2<sup>+</sup> γδ T cells. Accordingly, this study demonstrates that MAIT cells are phenotypically and functionally diverse, that surrogate markers may not reliably identify all of these cells, and that their numbers are regulated in an age-dependent manner and correlate with NKT and Vδ2<sup>+</sup> γδ T cells.