gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
On extending the energy balancing limit of multilevel cascaded H-bridge converters for large-scale photovoltaic farms (2013)

When multilevel cascaded H-bridge converters are used to interface large-scale photovoltaic farms to the electricity grid, the stochastic variation of irradiance and other factors lead to unequal power generation among the phases, affecting the three-phase balanced system. Injections of fundamental frequency zero sequence to modulation references can deal with this problem. This paper proposes the third harmonic injection to extend the balancing limit of three-phase unbalanced power generation. The concepts and definitions of converter energy balancing limit are presented to assess its energy balancing capability. Numerical comparison results reveal that the proposed third harmonic injection method has greater energy balancing capability. Selected simulation results are provided to verify the performance of the proposed method.
A Novel Mesh-Based Equivalent Magnetic Network for Performance Analysis and Optimal Design of Permanent Magnet Machines (2019)

This paper proposes a novel mesh-based equivalent magnetic network (EMN) model for performance analysis and optimal design of permanent magnet (PM) machines. The key contribution of the EMN model is that a generalized air-gap model solution is proposed by considering the machine motion of PM machines. Meanwhile, a modular modeling method is presented, and then the optimal design of PM machines can be investigated without repetitive programming and modeling. Two kinds of mesh elements are comprehensively utilized in the EMN model, and a hybrid rotor PM (HRPM) machine with interior PM and surface PM configuration is selected as an example to illustrate the development processes of EMN model. Meanwhile, the electromagnetic characteristics of HRPM machine are calculated by the proposed EMN model, such as back electromotive force, air-gap flux density distribution, and average torque. Finally, the accuracy and effectiveness of the proposed EMN model are verified through comparisons with finite element analysis and experimental tests.
ChemInform Abstract: Pteridines. Part 16. Synthesis and Reactions of 6‐(1,2,3‐Trihydroxypropyl)pteridines. (1991)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Seasonal Occurrence and Insecticide Susceptibility by Thrips on Apple Orchards in Gyeongbuk Area (2018)

이 연구는 사과원의 총채벌레 발생 현황과 5종의 살충제를 이용하여 접촉과 섭식 독성의 약제 감수성을 조사하였다. 신초에서 채집한 총채벌레를 동정한 결과 대만총채벌레(Frankliniella intonsa Trybom), 파총채벌레(Thrips tabaci Lindeman), 콩어리총채벌레(Mycterothrips glycines Okamoto) 등 3종이 확인되었다. 우점종은 대만총채벌레였으며, 신초 피해율은 3~43%로 농가마다 차이를 보였다. 파란색 끈끈이트랩을 이용하여 조사한 총채벌레의 발생은 4월 상순에 시작하여 10월 하순까지 3~4회의 발생 최성기를 보였다. Chlorfenapyr SC는 대만총채벌레 유충과 성충에 대한 접촉과 섭식 독성에서 96~100%의 살충력을 보였지만 다른 살충제는 효과가 낮았다. 실내 시험에서 Chlorfenapyr SC는 대만총채벌레에 대해 약 96%의 사망률을 유발하였으나 야외 시험에서는 처리 1일과 2일에 각 40%와 72%의 방제가를 보였고 3일후부터는 감소하는 경향을 나타내었다. 본 연구 결과를 통해 Chlorfenapyr SC는 사과원에서 총채벌레 방제 약제로 이용할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다. 그러나 이 살충제는 꿀벌에 높은 접촉 독성이 있어 사과원에서 꿀벌의 방화 활동 시기인 5월은 신중한 약제 적용이 필요할 것으로 사료된다.
Roles for the Kallikrein-Kinin System in Inflammatory Exudation and Pain: Lessons From Studies on Kininogen-Deficient Rats (2003)

Roles for the kallikrein-kinin system in inflammation have been investigated extensively, and many reviews on this topic have been published during the 50 years since the discovery of bradykinin in 1949. Recent progress in the field has been remarkable with the help of experiments using gene-targetted transgenic or knockout mice, which have added further valuable information in addition to previous results obtained from pharmacological and biochemical studies using purified and isolated components of the system. Furthermore, much knowledge has been accumulated as a result of the development of various bradykinin agonists and antagonists. In this review, we focused on the data obtained from the kininogen-deficient rat, which is a natural mutant, and discuss the results in comparison with those from bradykinin receptor knockout mice. These data have clarified that endogenous bradykinin exerts a most important role in inflammatory exudation along with prostanoids, preferentially to histamine, serotonin, or neuropeptides. In inflammatory pain perception also, bradykinin produced in the local perivascular spaces stimulates polymodal pain receptors in conjunction with co-helpers such as prostanoids, vanilloids, and neuropeptides. These important roles are concluded based on consistent results obtained from experiments using several antagonists of bradykinin, kininogen-deficient rats, and bradykinin receptor knockout mice.
Cover Feature: On the Reactivity of Mes*P(PMe3) towards Aluminum(I) Compounds – Evidence for the Intermediate Formation of Phosphaalumenes (ChemPlusChem 8/2023) (2023)

The cover image shows the obtained phosphorus aluminium heterocycles as constellations with the compass representing the synthetic conditions used to navigate towards these synthetic targets, akin to how seafarers in earlier days navigated towards unknown destinations. Cover design by Louise Beer. More information can be found in the Research Article by Christian Hering-Junghans and co-workers.
DNA minicircles as novel STAT3 decoy oligodeoxynucleotides endowed with anticancer activity in triple-negative breast cancer (2022)

Decoy technology is a versatile and specific DNA oligonucleotide-based targeting strategy of pathogenic transcription factors (TFs). Chemical modifications of linear decoy oligonucleotides have been made to decrease nuclease sensitivity because of the presence of free ends but at the cost of new limitations that affect their use as therapeutic drugs. Although a short DNA minicircle is a phosphodiester nucleic acid without free ends, its potential therapeutic activity as a TF decoy oligonucleotide has not yet been investigated. Here we describe the <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i> activity of formulated 95-bp minicircles bearing one or several STAT3 binding sequences in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). Minicircles bearing one STAT3 binding site interacted specifically with the active form of STAT3 and inhibited proliferation, induced apoptosis, slowed down cell cycle progression, and decreased STAT3 target gene expression in human and murine TNBC cells. Intratumoral injection of STAT3 minicircles inhibited tumor growth and metastasis in a murine model of TNBC. Increasing the number of STAT3 binding sites resulted in improved anticancer activity, opening the way for a TF multitargeting strategy. Our data provide the first demonstration of minicircles acting as STAT3 decoys and show that they could be an effective therapeutic drug for TNBC treatment.
Time Domain Operations Using Degenerate Four-Wave Mixing (1987)

Degenerate four-wave mixing (DPW) has found a variety of applications in optics such as phase conjugation, adaptive optics, image processing and interferometryl. These applications involve the spatial properties of this nonlinear process. O&apos;MEARA et alt have reviewed other applications exploiting the temporal properties of DFWM, such as pulse reshaping, optical gating, temporal convolution and compensation for pulse spreading effects. In this paper, we describe the following two processes based on the spatiotemporal properties of DFWM: conversion of frequency modulated to amplitude modulated signal; conversion of a short laser pulse in a continuous laser beam.
Flux pinning by a-axis grains in c-axis-oriented Y-Ba-Cu-O films (1992)

We have investigated the relationship between the microstructures and pinning forces by measuring the magnetic-field dependence and angular dependence of Jc in several kinds of YBCO thin films having different microstructures. A high-Jc value was kept even when the magnetic field was applied perpendicular to the film plane in the case of a c-axis-oriented film which was studded with a-axis-oriented grains. The boundaries between the a-axis-oriented grain and the c-axis-oriented grain are considered to be effective as pinning centers.
The influence of atomic nitrogen flux on the composition of carbon nitride thin films (1997)

Carbon nitride (CNx) thin films have been deposited using a hybrid system combining pulsed laser deposition of graphite with the surface-wave discharge atomic nitrogen source (3% N2 in Ar). Using this system, an experiment is designed to study the influence of the atomic nitrogen flux on the composition of the CNx thin films at various laser intensities. The nitrogen percentage in the thin films is positively correlated with the N atom flux impinging on the substrate surface but it is counter-productive to use excessively high values of laser intensities on the graphite target. For a laser intensity of 6×108 W/cm2, the nitrogen percentage increases with the N atom flux and saturates at only about 16 at. %. On the other hand, a maximum nitrogen percentage of 30 at. % is obtained at the much lower laser intensity of 5×107 W/cm2.
Influence of local radiotherapy on penetration of fluconazole into human saliva (1993)

The pharmacokinetics of fluconazole (50 mg, single oral dose) in saliva and plasma were determined for five healthy subjects and five patients who underwent radiotherapy (dose, > 45 Gy over a 6-week period) in the salivary gland area and suffered from oropharyngeal candidiasis. Saliva was collected after electrical stimulation. Fluconazole was measured by liquid chromatography. From healthy volunteers and patients, saliva and plasma were sampled from 0 to 24 h. Although fluconazole penetration kinetics were significantly slowed down in irradiated patients, saliva concentrations of fluconazole were higher than those in the plasma, except at 1 h. In the postdistribution phase, the saliva/plasma concentration ratio was in the range of 1.2 to 1.4, and there was no significant difference between healthy subjects and patients. The saliva concentration of fluconazole was over 1 mg/liter throughout the entire interval 2 to 24 h after drug intake. From these results, the clinical efficacy of fluconazole for oropharyngeal candidiasis is not expected to be less than that in subjects with normal salivary glands, provided that salivary secretion remains.
Carboxylic Acids from Primary Alcohols and Aldehydes by a Pyridinium Chlorochromate Catalyzed Oxidation. (2006)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access the actual ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Functional dissection of the mouse tyrosinase locus control region identifies a new putative boundary activity (2003)

Locus control regions (LCRs) are complex high-order chromatin structures harbouring several regulatory elements, including enhancers and boundaries. We have analysed the mouse tyrosinase LCR functions, in vitro, in cell lines and, in vivo, in transgenic mice and flies. The LCR-core (2.1 kb), located at -15 kb and carrying a previously described tissue-specific DNase I hypersensitive site, operates as a transcriptional enhancer that efficiently transactivates heterologous promoters in a cell-specific orientation-independent manner. Furthermore, we have investigated the boundary activity of these sequences in transgenic animals and cells. In mice, the LCR fragment (3.7 kb) rescued a weakly expressed reference construct that displays position effects. In Drosophila, the LCR fragment and its core insulated the expression of a white minigene reporter construct from chromosomal position effects. In cells, sequences located 5' from the LCR-core displayed putative boundary activities. We have obtained genomic sequences surrounding the LCR fragment and found a LINE1 repeated element at 5'. In B16 melanoma and L929 fibroblast mouse cells, this element was found heavily methylated, supporting the existence of putative boundary elements that could prevent the spreading of condensed chromatin from the LINE1 sequences into the LCR fragment, experimentally shown to be in an open chromatin structure.
Variation in Gut‐Homing CD27‐Negative Lymphocytes in Inflammatory Colon Disease (1998)

Prolonged antigenic stimulation results in lymphocyte shedding of CD27, a member of the tumour necrosis factor receptor (TNFR) family, and transformation to a stable phenotype capable of synthesizing interleukin-4 (IL-4). Co-expression of alpha4beta7 identifies those cells with gut-homing potential. We have investigated these cell populations in patients with inflammatory colonic disease. Circulating and lamina propria mononuclear cells were isolated from patients with Crohn's disease (CD), ulcerative colitis (UC), non-inflammatory bowel disease (non-IBD) colonic inflammation and healthy controls. Double and triple colour flow cytometry for CD3, CD4, CD27, alpha4beta7 and intracellular cytokines was performed. Circulating CD4+ CD27- populations were increased in patients with CD (8.8 +/- 0.8%, P < 0.001), UC (12.2 +/- 1.9%, P < 0.001) and non-IBD colitis (10.5 +/- 1.3%, P < 0.01) as compared with controls (6.1 +/- 0.5%). CD4+ CD27- alpha4beta7+ cells were increased in CD (P < 0.01). Lamina propria CD4+ CD27- populations were depressed significantly in CD (P < 0.05), UC (P < 0.02) and non-IBD colitis (P < 0.03). Mucosal CD4+ CD27- cells synthesized IL-4 in preference to interferon-gamma. Thus, colonic inflammation is associated with alterations in gut-tropic circulating and mucosal populations of differentiated memory T cells with the phenotype of predominantly IL-4-synthesizing cells.
Transient Pressure Signals in Mechanical Heart Valve Cavitation (1996)

The purpose of this investigation was to establish a correlation between mechanical heart valve (MHV) cavitation and transient pressure (TP) signals at MHV closure. This correlation may suggest a possible method to detect in vivo MHV cavitation. In a pulsatile mock flow loop, a study was performed to measure TP and observe cavitation bubble inception at MHV closure under simulated physiologic ventricular and aortic pressures at heart rates of 70, 90, 120, and 140 beats/min with corresponding cardiac outputs of 5.0, 6.0, 7.5, and 8.5 L/min, respectively. The experimental study included two bileaflet MHV prostheses: 1) St. Jude Medical 31 mm and 2) Carbomedics 31 mm. High fidelity piezo-electric pressure transducers were used to measure TP immediately before and after the valve leaflet/housing impact. A stroboscopic lighting imaging technique was developed to capture cavitation bubbles on the MHV inflow surfaces at selected time delays ranging from 25 microseconds to 1 ms after the leaflet/housing impact. The TP traces measured 10 mm away from the valve leaflet tip showed a large pressure reduction peak at the leaflet/housing impact, and subsequent high frequency pressure oscillations (HPOs) while the cavitation bubbles were observed. The occurrence of cavitation bubbles and HPO bursts were found to be random on a beat by beat basis. However, the amplitude of the TP reduction, the intensity of the cavitation bubble (size and number), and the intensity of HPO were found to increase with the test heart rate. A correlation between the MHV cavitation bubbles and the HPO burst was positively established. Power spectrum analysis of the TP signals further showed that the frequency of the HPO (cavitation bubble collapse pressures) ranged from 100 to 450 kHz.
Molecular Dynamics of Nanobubbles’ Collapse in Ionic Solutions (2006)

All afloat: Salt ions behave as buoys during the collapse of bubbles in water. Simulations of the collapse of nanobubbles in ionic solutions, using molecular dynamics, show that ions tend to stay behind the collapsing water front, increasing the bubbles lifetime and therefore their stability (see figure for bubble dynamics inside cavity).
Shelling the Voronoi interface of protein-protein complexes predicts residue activity and conservation (2008)

Abstract The accurate description and analysis of protein-protein interfaces remains a challenging task. Traditional definitions, based on atomic contacts or changes in solvent accessibility, tend to over- or underpredict the interface itself and cannot discriminate active from less relevant parts.We here extend a fast, parameter-free and purely geometric definition of protein interfaces and introduce the shelling order of Voronoi facets as a novel measure for an atom's depth inside the nterface. Our analysis of 54 protein-protein complexes reveals a strong correlation between Voronoi Shelling Order (VSO) and water dynamics. High Voronoi Shelling Order coincides with residues that were found shielded from bulk water fluctuations in a recent molecular dynamics study. Yet, VSO predicts such "dry" residues at dramatically reduced cost and without consideration of forcefields or dynamics. More central interface positions are often also increasingly enriched for hydrophobic residues. Yet, this hydrophobic centering is not universal and does not mirror the far stronger geometric bias of water fluxes. The seemingly complex water dynamics at protein interfaces appears thus largely controlled by geometry. Sequence analysis supports the functional relevance of both dry residues and residues with high VSO, both of which tend to be more conserved. However, upon closer inspection, the spatial distribution of conservation argues against the arbitrary dissection into core or rim and thus refines previous results. Voronoi Shelling Order reveals clear geometric patterns in protein interface composition, function and dynamics and facilitates the comparative analysis of protein-protein interactions.
Salvage of Distal Tibia Metaphyseal Nonunions With the 90?? Cannulated Blade Plate (2003)

Nonunion of distal tibia metaphyseal fractures after trauma is a major problem. Treating these nonunions is made more challenging by the presence of symptomatic ipsilateral tibiotalar arthrosis. The current study examined the use of the 90 degrees cannulated blade plate as an alternative method of stable internal fixation for 13 distal tibia metaphyseal nonunions and simultaneous fusion of three arthritic tibiotalar joints in 13 patients (seven males and six females) with an average age of 42.4 years (range, 21-73 years). Each patient had an average of three prior procedures (range, 2-6). Patients were followed up for an average of 34.2 months (range, 24-55 months). All 13 patients achieved radiographic and clinical union an average of 15.6 weeks (range, 12-20 weeks) from the date of the definitive procedure. There were two broken screws, but no secondary procedures were required to obtain fusion. All patients were ambulatory without support at the last followup. The implant proved effective for stable internal fixation of distal tibia metaphyseal nonunions alone or with simultaneous fusion of the tibiotalar joint.
Genetic analysis of Mendelian mutations in a large UK population-based Parkinson’s disease study (2019)

Our objective was to define the prevalence and clinical features of genetic Parkinson's disease in a large UK population-based cohort, the largest multicentre prospective clinico-genetic incident study in the world. We collected demographic data, Movement Disorder Society Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale scores, and Montreal Cognitive Assessment scores. We analysed mutations in PRKN (parkin), PINK1, LRRK2 and SNCA in relation to age at symptom onset, family history and clinical features. Of the 2262 participants recruited to the Tracking Parkinson's study, 424 had young-onset Parkinson's disease (age at onset ≤ 50) and 1799 had late onset Parkinson's disease. A range of methods were used to genotype 2005 patients: 302 young-onset patients were fully genotyped with multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification and either Sanger and/or exome sequencing; and 1701 late-onset patients were genotyped with the LRRK2 'Kompetitive' allele-specific polymerase chain reaction assay and/or exome sequencing (two patients had missing age at onset). We identified 29 (1.4%) patients carrying pathogenic mutations. Eighteen patients carried the G2019S or R1441C mutations in LRRK2, and one patient carried a heterozygous duplication in SNCA. In PRKN, we identified patients carrying deletions of exons 1, 4 and 5, and P113Xfs, R275W, G430D and R33X. In PINK1, two patients carried deletions in exon 1 and 5, and the W90Xfs point mutation. Eighteen per cent of patients with age at onset ≤30 and 7.4% of patients from large dominant families carried pathogenic Mendelian gene mutations. Of all young-onset patients, 10 (3.3%) carried biallelic mutations in PRKN or PINK1. Across the whole cohort, 18 patients (0.9%) carried pathogenic LRRK2 mutations and one (0.05%) carried an SNCA duplication. There is a significant burden of LRRK2 G2019S in patients with both apparently sporadic and familial disease. In young-onset patients, dominant and recessive mutations were equally common. There were no differences in clinical features between LRRK2 carriers and non-carriers. However, we did find that PRKN and PINK1 mutation carriers have distinctive clinical features compared to young-onset non-carriers, with more postural symptoms at diagnosis and less cognitive impairment, after adjusting for age and disease duration. This supports the idea that there is a distinct clinical profile of PRKN and PINK1-related Parkinson's disease. We estimate that there are approaching 1000 patients with a known genetic aetiology in the UK Parkinson's disease population. A small but significant number of patients carry causal variants in LRRK2, SNCA, PRKN and PINK1 that could potentially be targeted by new therapies, such as LRRK2 inhibitors.
Haptoskin - A flexible sheet-type tactile display with a CNT electrode (2016)

We developed a flexible sheet-type tactile display `Haptoskin' with a Carbon Nano Tube (CNT) electrode that can be attached to objects and decorate the objects with extra tactile characteristics, such as smooth and rough. When the voltage is applied to the electrode, the finger on the Ployldimethylsiloxan (PDMS) layer is attracted to the electrode and experiences vibration-like tactile sensation. We fabricated Haptoskin with MEMS-process friendly materials, PDMS and CNTs. We evaluated characterization of CNTs in bending test. Next, we actuated Haptoskin in several conditions and requested subjects whether or not tactile sensation was perceived. The Haptoskin successfully presented tactile sensations to the subjects. The developed Haptoskin can be readily used as a new human interface device.
Calibration and performance of radiochromic dye dosimeters (1996)

Radiochromic Dye Dosimeters (Gafchromic DM-100) were used to measure the absorbed doses in liquid samples exposed to a {sup 137}Cs gamma-ray source. The initial calibration of commercially available radiochromic film was performed using a {sup 60}Co gamma-ray source. When exposed to gamma-ray doses of 0.5 to 200 kGy, a color change occurs which has an optical density proportional to absorbed dose. The optical density for the irradiated radiochromic film dosimeter was evaluated using a FWT-100 optical density reader. The dose range was up to 3,000 Gy. They were used for measurements of {sup 60}Co dose rates on sources in hot cells, measurements of dose rates on samples that came out of the reactor, and measurements of dose rates from spent fuel in that Advanced Test Reactor (ATR) canal. The reproducibility of the radiochromic dye dosimeter was also studied. The radiochromic film dosimeter may be used for accurately determining dose rates on samples where use of conventional health physics instrumentation is impractical. The radiochromic dye dosimeter can be used in nuclear power plants, accelerator facilities, and clinical applications in radiotherapy departments, for high radiation dose measurements.