gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
<title>Adaptive and less-complex path-planning behavior for mobile robots</title> (1998)

The objective of path planing is to find a sequence of states that a system has to visit in order to attain the goal state. Because of their real-time efficiency, potential field methods present a powerful heuristic to guide this search. However, potential field approaches can not guarantee goal attainability. They are often referred to as 'local methods' and are used in conjunction with a global path planning method to ensure completeness of the path planning algorithm. The present work introduces a novel methodology for path planing which combines the real- time efficiency of potential field methods with goal-attainability characteristics of global methods. The algorithm of this work is: 1) free from local minima, ii) capable of considering arbitrary-shaped obstacles, iii) computationally less complex than previous search methods; and iv) able to handle obstacle avoidance and goal attainability at the same time. At the first step a new probabilistic scheme, based on absorbing Markov chains, is presented for global planning inside structured environments, such as office, etc. The potential field method is then reformulated for adaptive path planning among modeled and new obstacles.
Pediatric Colorectal Disorders (2016)

Managing colorectal surgery conditions in infants and children presents a highly detailed and technical challenge that, in many cases, requires formal training, experience, and expertise. In addition to the wide array of congenital anomalies that surgeons may encounter, this chapter will cover conditions that are also experienced in adults; however, the evaluation and management of these disease states needs to be tailored to the pediatric population.
Crosslinked polyanhydrides for use in orthopedic applications: Degradation behavior and mechanics (1999)

High-strength, surface-eroding polymers were synthesized from methacrylated anhydride monomers of sebacic acid (MSA) and 1,6-bis(carboxyphenoxy) hexane (MCPH). These multifunctional monomers were photopolymerized using ultraviolet light to produce highly crosslinked polyanhydride networks. Through this approach, the crosslinking density of the resulting polymer network was used to control the final mechanical properties, while the degradation time scale was controlled by the chemical composition of the network. The combined hydrophobicity of the polymer backbone with the hydrolytically labile anhydride linkages led to surface-eroding networks, as confirmed by linear cumulative mass loss profiles as a function of degradation time for crosslinked polymer disks. By copolymerizing varying amounts of MSA and MCPH, the degradation rate of the final network was controlled from 2 days to 1 year. The tensile modulus of crosslinked poly(MSA) (1.4 GPa) was nearly an order of magnitude larger than that of linear poly(sebacic acid). In general, the mechanical properties of the crosslinked polyanhydrides networks were within ranges of those reported for cortical and trabecular bone. However, unlike bulk degrading polyesters such as poly(lactic acid), these surface eroding networks maintained >70% of their tensile modulus with 50% mass degradation.
A detailed model for a thyristor-based static transfer switch (2003)

Industrial customers often suffer from supply voltage interruptions and sags due to the increase in the utilization of sensitive equipment in the process automation and control. An effective way to improve power quality and reliability of sensitive customers is to use a static transfer switch. This device enables a very fast change in the supply of the customer to an alternate feeder providing adequate power conditioning for several power quality problems, such as voltage sags, swells, and interruptions. In this paper, an analytical model of STS is proposed and its performance is verified using the electromagnetic transients for DC (EMTDC) simulation package. Simulations using this model are performed in order to handle voltage sags based on real measurements on an actual industrial customer's supply voltage. Different phase angles and magnitudes of the two alternate source prefault voltages and different fault instances are considered.
The effect of bisulfite modification on the template activity of DNA for DNA polymerase I1. (1974)

Cytosine residues of poly(C) and heat-denatured calf thymus DNA were transformed into 5,6-dihydrouracil-6-sulfonate (U(SO(-) (3))) residues by treatment with bisulfite. The poly(U(SO(-) (3))(2), C(3)) and poly(U(SO(-) (3))(9), C(1)) prepared did not form inter-base binding with either poly(A) or poly(I) as judged by the absence of hypochromicity in ultraviolet absorbance. U(SO(-) (3)) residues in the DNA inactivated it to serve as template for E.coli DNA polymerase I, while the template activity was restored by conversion of the U(SO(-) (3)) residues into U.
Fertility of 4x × 5x and 5x × 4x Progenies Derived from Vaccinium ashei/corymbosum Pentaploid Hybrids (1987)

Abstract Percent fruit set, fruit size, total seeds/berry, developed seeds/berry, percent developed seeds/berry, and percent pollen stainability were examined in 4x × 5x and 5x × 4x progenies derived from Vaccinium ashei Reade/ V . corymbosum L. pentaploid hybrids backcrossed to V. corymbosum. All fertility parameters indicated that the BC 1 progenies were more fertile than the pentaploid hybrids. Pollen stainability indicated that the BC 1 derivatives were less fertile than the parental species. All fertility parameters were significantly and negatively correlated with chromosome number, which ranged from the tetraploid (2n = 4x = 48) to pentaploid (2n = 5x = 60) levels within these progenies.
A Physiologic Approach to Laparoscopic Fundoplication for Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (1996)

Although long-term efficacy data are lacking, intermediate follow-up shows laparoscopic fundoplication to be safe and effective. A physiologic approach to evaluation and follow-up of patients with gastroesophageal disease allows the surgeon to tailor antireflux surgery to esophageal body function and follow the function of the fundoplication and esophagus after operation.
Comparison of Two High-Energy, Pulsed Carbon Dioxide Lasers in the Treatment of Periorbital Rhytides (1996)

While both the surgipulse and ultrapulse high-energy CO2 laser systems can effectively improve periorbital rhytides, the ultrapulse system provides a slightly enhanced clinical response with fewer passes, presumably due to improved tissue vaporization.
Fe 2p spectra associated with extraction/infusion of Li ions at LiFePO 4 thin film cathode surface (2016)

A variation of iron ionic states in Fe 2p spectra for charged and discharged lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO 4 ) thin film as a cathode corresponds to cathode behavior. The shape of valence band spectra was investigated, and a peak appeared at about 1.6 eV for discharged LiFePO 4 thin film. This peak was attributed to the Fe 2+ state without oxidation state using oxidized LiFePO 4 thin films. The variation of iron ionic states from Fe 2p spectra was confirmed using this peak. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.
A phase I factorial design study of dose-dense temozolomide alone and in combination with thalidomide, isotretinoin, and/or celecoxib as postchemoradiation adjuvant therapy for newly diagnosed glioblastoma (2010)

External beam radiation therapy (XRT) with concomitant temozolomide and 6 cycles of adjuvant temozolomide (5/28-day schedule) improves survival in patients with newly diagnosed glioblastoma compared with XRT alone. Studies suggest that dose-dense temozolomide schedules and addition of cytostatic agents may further improve efficacy. This factorial design phase I/II protocol tested dose-dense temozolomide alone and combined with cytostatic agents. Patients with newly diagnosed glioblastoma received fractionated XRT to 60 Gy concomitant with temozolomide (75 mg/m²)/day for 42 days). In the phase I portion, patients with stable disease or radiologic response 1 month after chemoradiation were randomized to adjuvant temozolomide alone (150 mg/m²/day, 7/14-day schedule) or with doublet combinations of thalidomide (400 mg/day), isotretinoin (100 mg/m²/day), and/or celecoxib (400 mg twice daily), or all 3 agents. Toxicity was assessed after 4 weeks. Among 54 patients enrolled (median age, 52 years; median Karnofsky performance status, 90), adjuvant treatment was not administered to 12 (22%), primarily because of disease progression (n = 10). All combinations were well tolerated. Grade 3/4 lymphopenia developed in 63% of patients, but no related infections occurred. One patient treated with temozolomide plus isotretinoin plus thalidomide had dose-limiting grade 3 fatigue and rash, and 1 patient receiving all 4 agents had dose-limiting grade 4 neutropenia. Venous thrombosis occurred in 7 patients, 4 of whom received thalidomide. From study entry, median survival was 20 months and the 2-year survival rate was 40%. Multiple cytostatic agents can be safely combined with dose-dense temozolomide. The factorial-based phase II portion of this study is currently ongoing.
Calculation of the diffusion curvature related avalanche breakdown in high-voltage planar p-n junctions (1975)

Avalanche multiplication calculations are performed in high-voltage planar p-n junctions to determine breakdown voltage limitations imposed by curvature effects. The issue of choice of ionization coefficient for avalanche multiplication is discussed. From the calculations, a series of design curves and equations are generated which relate the breakdown voltage and peak electric field to those of an ideal junction of the same doping profile, the critical parameters being the substrate doping concentration, the diffusion profile, and the ratio of the radius of curvature to the substrate depletion width for the ideal one-dimensional case. With appropriate distance normalization, these curves and equations can be reduced to a single curve and a single equation. The agreement between theory and experiment is consistently good provided the correct ionization coefficients are used in the theory.
Two spectrophotometric experiments with alpha-chymotrypsin (1975)

Two spectrophotometric experiments with alpha-chymotrypsin; the first examines the mechanism of chymotrypsin using the acridine dye proflavine, while the second illustrates the activation of chymotrupsinogen by trypsin.
Elastic effects associated with the formation of precipitates in a free thin layer: part II. interaction energies in thin layers (1995)

This second part of the paper is concerned with the contribution of the elastic energy to the evolution of the microstructure in elastically homogenous free thin layers, in which dilating precipitates are formed. The elastic interaction between dilating precipitates is attractive at small interprecipitate separations, decays steeply with increasing interparticle distance and becomes repulsive at large interparticle separations. Such an interaction gives rise to spatial correlation between precipitates and clustering of equisized precipitates is predicted. The attractive interaction between precipitates and the free surfaces increases as the precipitates grow and is larger than the interparticle interaction. Hence, elastic energy considerations favor the appearance and possible coalescence of precipitates in thin films, at an advanced stage of the growth. The elastic relaxation of non-spherical precipitates is enhanced when their long axes are lying parallel to the free surfaces. For such configurations, the self-energy and range of interprecipitate elastic interaction decrease.
La información y el conocimiento en el mundo andino (2009)

Estudia el proceso de comunicacion e informacion en el mundo andino. Realizado a traves de entrevistas en Comunidades Campesinas de la sierra del Peru, describe las caracteristicas historicas de la cultura andina senalando sus inicios hasta constituirse en etnias. Con la llegada de los invasores europeos, el mundo andino fue modificado, trastocando la convivencia del periodo autonomo, pues al igual que los animales, las plantas, los montes andinos, la cultura andina, incluida la lengua, fue destruida y relegada para imponer su cultura diferente bajo pena de muerte. Sin embargo, la cultura andina sigue vigente debido a su originalidad, a su identidad, manteniendose el “dialogo” y “reciprocidad” entre todos los componentes de la colectividad natural. El saber tradicional para la culturas nativas continua siendo el soporte cognoscitivo, principal en la reproduccion de la vida agropecuaria, pero esta, a pesar de ser su base se encuentra erosionado y desarticulado, producto de la colonizacion europea y la neocolonizacion
An Equivalent Circuit Model for Electrochemical Systems (2016)

Our recent work on modeling electrochemical (EC) energy storage devices has indicated more clearly the similarities and differences between ultracapacitors and batteries. In addition, the introduction of nanostructures into such EC storage devices introduces new physics based on the consideration of the density of states (DoS), especially in the form of quantum capacitance C Q [1]. Here, we propose an equivalent circuit model which describes EC storage deploying either traditional three-dimensional electrodes or lower-dimensional electrodes. The circuit has two separate branches: the ultracapacitor branch which involves the device double-layer capacitance and C Q (the latter being chiefly for low DoS electrodes), and a battery related branch which was modeled through diode-like characteristics with the diode characteristic of charging and discharging current in response to overpotential. It will be shown how the equivalent circuit closely models and agrees with experimental data on carbon nanotube based electrodes [1], and details related to the model validation will be discussed. The proposed equivalent circuit would explain, for the first time , the intrinsic capacitor-like and battery-like characteristics of any EC device in a unified manner. [1] H. Yamada and P. R. Bandaru, Appl. Phys. Lett. 102, 173113 (2013), ibid 104, 213901 (2014).
Linearly Constrained Minimum Variance Source Localization and Spectral Estimation (2008)

A signal's spectrum is a representation of the signal in terms of elementary basis functions which facilitates the extraction of desired information. For a temporal signal, the spectrum is one-dimensional and expresses the time-domain signal as a linear combination of sinusoidal basis functions. A space-time signal possesses a multidimensional Fourier transform known as the wavenumber-frequency spectrum, which represents the space-time signal as a weighted summation of monochromatic plane waves. The spatial and temporal frequencies are not separable, as spatial frequency is itself a function of the temporal frequency. Thus, it seems natural to analyze and estimate the spatial and temporal frequency components in tandem. It is therefore surprising that conventional spectral estimation methods focus on either the spatial or temporal dimension, without any regard for the other. Spatial spectral estimation is commonly referred to as source localization, as the direction of the wavenumber vector is indeed the direction of propagation. Conventional methods analyze a solely spatial aperture without accounting for the temporal structure of the desired signal. Conversely, temporal spectral estimation is performed using a single sensor, and thus the signal aperture is purely temporal. This paper proposes a spatiotemporal framework for spectral estimation based on the linearly constrained minimum variance (LCMV) beamforming method proposed by Frost in 1972. The aperture consists of an array of sensors, each storing a set of previous temporal samples. It is first shown that by taking into account the temporal structure of the desired signal, the ensuing source location estimate is more robust to the effects of noise and reverberation. Unlike conventional localizers, the LCMV steered beam <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">temporally</i> focuses the array onto the desired signal. The desired signal is modeled by an autoregressive (AR) process, and the resulting AR coefficients are embedded in the linear constraints. As a result, the rate of anomalous estimates is significantly reduced as compared to existing techniques. Moreover, it is then demonstrated that by employing multiple sensors and steering the array to the assumed source location, the estimate of the desired signal's temporal spectrum contains a lesser contribution from the unwanted noise and reverberation.
Bacillus cabrialesii BH5 Protects Tomato Plants Against Botrytis cinerea by Production of Specific Antifungal Compounds (2021)

The gray mold caused by the phytopathogen <i>Botrytis cinerea</i> presents a threat to global food security. For the biological regulation of several plant diseases, <i>Bacillus</i> species have been extensively studied. In this work, we explore the ability of a bacterial strain, <i>Bacillus cabrialesii</i> BH5, that was isolated from tomato rhizosphere soil, to control the fungal pathogen <i>B. cinerea</i>. Strain <i>B. cabrialesii</i> BH5 showed a strong antifungal activity against <i>B. cinerea</i>. A compound was isolated and identified as a cyclic lipopeptide of the fengycin family by high-performance liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry (ESI-MS/MS) that we named fengycin H. The fengycin H-treated hyphae of <i>B. cinerea</i> displayed stronger red fluorescence than the control, which is clearly indicating that fengycin H triggered the hyphal cell membrane defects. Moreover, root inoculation of tomato seedlings with BH5 effectively promoted the growth of tomato plants. Transcription analysis revealed that both BH5 and fengycin H stimulate induced systemic resistance of tomato plants <i>via</i> the jasmonic acid signaling pathway and provide a strong biocontrol effect <i>in vivo</i>. Therefore, the strain BH5 and fengycin H are very promising candidates for biological control of <i>B. cinerea</i> and the associated gray mold.
The Internet of Things: Security Challenges (2019)

The five articles in this special section focus on Internet of Things (IoT)security and privacy issues. IoT involves embedding, at massive scale, processor-based systems into physical infrastructure and everyday objects, including things that neither look like computers nor communicate using the Internet Protocol. Two important elements are of note: sensors that provide an input mechanism from the real world to the digital world (essentially present in all IoT systems) and actuators that result in mechanically induced changes to the physical world (commonly a defining characteristic of cyberphysical systems). Historically, when things went wrong in the traditional Internet, or the Internet of Computers (IoC), this caused problems in the digital world of computers-and occasionally, this would indirectly impact the physical world. For example, corrupted databases could disrupt air travel, and theft of credit card or banking information could lead to financial losses. In contrast, when things go wrong in an IoT world, there can be direct physical consequences in the real world: for example, unlocking a gate or building door, altering heating or cooling systems, affecting the steering or braking of a vehicle, even, perhaps, killing the host of an implanted medical device. In this sense, with the IoT, security-related problems in the digital world have greater direct consequences on physical-world safety and security.
Novel type of protein chip for multiplex detection of autoantibodies (2013)

Evaluation of: Akada J, Kamei S, Ito A et al. A new type of protein chip to detect hepatocellular carcinoma-related autoimmune antibodies in the sera of hepatitis C virus-positive patients. Proteome Sci. 11(1), 33 (2013). Unlocking the proteome and delivering biomarkers to the clinic will be critical for early and improved diagnosis and prognosis. Conventional protein microarrays have evolved as a promising proteomic technology with great potential for protein expression profiling in health and disease. In this study, Akada et al. explore a new type of protein chip, interfaced with a dual-color fluorescence-based read-out, for screening of autoantibodies in serum. Uniquely, the recombinant antigens were microarray adapted by molecular design to contain a five-cysteine tag for immobilization and green fluorescent protein for detection (color 1). The engineered antigens were immobilized on in-house-designed maleimide-incorporated diamond-like carbon substrates and subsequently heat treated in a solution of denaturing and reducing agents before any specifically bound serum autoantibodies were detected (color 2). The authors used a 4-plex array targeting hepatocellular carcinoma-related autoantibodies in the sera of hepatitis C virus-positive patients as model system to demonstrate proof-of-concept.
Cover Picture: Colloidal Synthesis of Hollow Cobalt Sulfide Nanocrystals (Adv. Funct. Mater. 11/2006) (2006)

Abstract Hollow nanocrystals have been synthesized through a mechanism analogous to the Kirkendall Effect. When a cobalt nanocrystal reacts with sulfur in solution, the outward diffusion of cobalt atoms is faster than the inward diffusion of sulfur atoms through the sulfide shell. The dominating outward diffusion of cobalt cations produces vacancies that can condense into a single void in the center of the nanocrystal at high temperatures. This process provides a general route to the synthesis of hollow nanostructures of a large number of compounds and is described in the Full Paper by A. P. Alivisatos and co‐workers on p. 1389. Formation of cobalt sulfide hollow nanocrystals through a mechanism similar to the Kirkendall Effect has been investigated in detail. It is found that performing the reaction at &gt; 120 °C leads to fast formation of a single void inside each shell, whereas at room temperature multiple voids are formed within each shell, which can be attributed to strongly temperature‐dependent diffusivities for vacancies. The void formation process is dominated by outward diffusion of cobalt cations; still, the occurrence of significant inward transport of sulfur anions can be inferred as the final voids are smaller in diameter than the original cobalt nanocrystals. Comparison of volume distributions for initial and final nanostructures indicates excess apparent volume in shells, implying significant porosity and/or a defective structure. Indirect evidence for fracture of shells during growth at lower temperatures was observed in shell‐size statistics and transmission electron microscopy images of as‐grown shells. An idealized model of the diffusional process imposes two minimal requirements on material parameters for shell growth to be obtainable within a specific synthetic system.