gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Beta-Arrestin2 regulates RANKL and ephrins gene expression in response to bone remodeling in mice. (2009)

PTH-stimulated intracellular signaling is regulated by the cytoplasmic adaptor molecule beta-arrestin. We reported that the response of cancellous bone to intermittent PTH is reduced in beta-arrestin2(-/-) mice and suggested that beta-arrestins could influence the bone mineral balance by controlling RANKL and osteoprotegerin (OPG) gene expression. Here, we study the role of beta-arrestin2 on the in vitro development and activity of bone marrow (BM) osteoclasts (OCs) and Ephrins ligand (Efn), and receptor (Eph) mRNA levels in bone in response to PTH and the changes of bone microarchitecture in wildtype (WT) and beta-arrestin2(-/-) mice in models of bone remodeling: a low calcium diet (LoCa) and ovariectomy (OVX). The number of PTH-stimulated OCs was higher in BM cultures from beta-arrestin2(-/-) compared with WT, because of a higher RANKL/OPG mRNA and protein ratio, without directly influencing osteoclast activity. In vivo, high PTH levels induced by LoCa led to greater changes in TRACP5b levels in beta-arrestin2(-/-) compared with WT. LoCa caused a loss of BMD and bone microarchitecture, which was most prominent in beta-arrestin2(-/-). PTH downregulated Efn and Eph genes in beta-arrestin2(-/-), but not WT. After OVX, vertebral trabecular bone volume fraction and trabecular number were lower in beta-arrestin2(-/-) compared with WT. Histomorphometry showed that OC number was higher in OVX-beta-arrestin2(-/-) compared with WT. These results indicate that beta-arrestin2 inhibits osteoclastogenesis in vitro, which resulted in decreased bone resorption in vivo by regulating RANKL/OPG production and ephrins mRNAs. As such, beta-arrestins should be considered an important mechanism for the control of bone remodeling in response to PTH and estrogen deprivation.
Anticorrosion Efficiency of Inhibitor Coatings Based on Ammonium Cation with Different Substituents: The Influence of Wettability and Molecular Structure (2021)

In this work, different cationic surfactants with various aliphatic and aromatic ammonium cations were used to prepare inhibitor coatings and were characterized by different techniques such as IR spectroscopy and NMR. The inhibitor coatings were prepared by electrografting on the steel surface and their anticorrosion properties were evaluated in different media (HCl, H2SO4 and NaCl solutions). The electrochemical potentiodynamic polarization technique was used to study the inhibition efficiency of the prepared coatings. The dependence of the wetting properties of the electrografted layer and its homogeneity on the molecular structure of the prepared surfactants was studied. Particular attention was paid to the relationship between the properties of these surfactants in terms of critical micellar concentration, packing and wetting, and the anti-corrosion efficiency of their coatings. In this paper, we discuss the synergistic inhibition effect and the anticorrosion efficiency.
Screening for inborn errors of amino acid metabolism. (1991)

Early diagnosis and treatment may prevent brain damage and mental retardation in young infants with inborn errors of amino acid metabolism. The abnormal blood and urinary amino acids and their metabolites are listed in two separate tables in association with each disorder to aid laboratories in making a diagnosis during screening. Because of recent developments and discoveries, more detailed descriptions and diagnostic approaches in phenylketonuria (PKU) variants and urea cycle deficiencies are also presented. The test procedures routinely used for screening inherited metabolic disorders are also described. These include five simple chemical tests to detect excessive metabolites and amino acids; a one dimensional thin layer chromatography (TLC) to screen urine for abnormal amino acid patterns; a two-dimensional TLC for semiquantitative identification of amino acids in both urine and blood; and a high performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method for quantitative identification of amino acids. In addition, both one- and two-dimensional chromatographies run on small thin layer cellulose plates, are introduced, modifications which save a great deal of time, labor, and reagents. A new automated HPLC system is introduced for the quantitation of both primary and secondary amino acids; the sensitivity and speed of this system is especially useful for screening large numbers of physiological fluids. It is recommended that both the urine and blood from the same patients be screened to ensure that a diagnosis is not overlooked.
X-Ray Line Emission from Sco X-1 (1969)

X ray line emission from Sco X-1 using Monte Carlo estimates of spectral distribution of scattered photons in terms of Fe line and cosmic abundance
Bypassing EMET 4.1 (2015)

As part of Microsoft's ongoing effort to make computing more trustworthy, the company released the Enhanced Mitigation Experience Toolkit, a Windows tool that can stop common exploit patterns and techniques. But how difficult is it to bypass this tool's protections?
Convergence to Efficiency in a Simple Market with Incomplete Information (1994)

A model of trade with m buyers and m sellers is considered in which price is set to equate revealed demand and supply. In a Bayesian Nash equilibrium, each trader acts not as a price-taker, but instead misrepresents his true demand/supply to influence price in his favor. This causes inefficiency. We show that in any equilibrium the amount by which a trader misreports is O(1/m) and the corresponding inefficiency is O(1/m2). The indeterminacy and the inefficiency that is caused by the traders' bargaining behavior in small markets thus rapidly vanishes as the market increases in size.
Adapting Longstanding Public Health Collaborations between Government of Kenya and CDC Kenya in Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic, 2020–2021 (2022)

Kenya's Ministry of Health (MOH) and the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in Kenya (CDC Kenya) have maintained a 40-year partnership during which measures were implemented to prevent, detect, and respond to disease threats. During the COVID-19 pandemic, the MOH and CDC Kenya rapidly responded to mitigate disease impact on Kenya's 52 million residents. We describe activities undertaken jointly by the MOH and CDC Kenya that lessened the effects of COVID-19 during 5 epidemic waves from March through December 2021. Activities included establishing national and county-level emergency operations centers and implementing workforce development and deployment, infection prevention and control training, laboratory diagnostic advancement, enhanced surveillance, and information management. The COVID-19 pandemic provided fresh impetus for the government of Kenya to establish a national public health institute, launched in January 2022, to consolidate its public health activities and counter COVID-19 and future infectious, vaccine-preventable, and emerging zoonotic diseases.
Dimerization interface of osteoprotegerin revealed by hydrogen–deuterium exchange mass spectrometry (2018)

Previous structural studies of osteoprotegerin (OPG), a crucial negative regulator of bone remodeling and osteoclastogenesis, were mostly limited to the N-terminal ligand-binding domains. It is now known that the three C-terminal domains of OPG also play essential roles in its function by mediating OPG dimerization, OPG-heparan sulfate (HS) interactions, and formation of the OPG-HS-receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand (RANKL) ternary complex. Employing hydrogen-deuterium exchange MS methods, here we investigated the structure of full-length OPG in complex with HS or RANKL in solution. Our data revealed two noteworthy aspects of the OPG structure. First, we found that the interconnection between the N- and C-terminal domains is much more rigid than previously thought, possibly because of hydrophobic interactions between the fourth cysteine-rich domain and the first death domain. Second, we observed that two hydrophobic clusters located in two separate C-terminal domains directly contribute to OPG dimerization, likely by forming a hydrophobic dimerization interface. Aided by site-directed mutagenesis, we further demonstrated that an intact dimerization interface is essential for the biological activity of OPG. Our study represents an important step toward deciphering the structure-function relationship of the full-length OPG protein.
LABORATORY DESIGN OF IMPROVED CONTINUOUSLY GRADED ASPHALTIC CONCRETE CONTAINING RECYCLED PLASTIC AGGREGATES (PLASTIPHALT) (2000)

This paper discusses the laboratory design of continuously graded asphaltic concrete mixtures containing recycled plastics aggregate replacement (Plastiphalt). Recycled waste plastics, predominantly composed of low density polyethylene (LDPE) in pellet form, were used in dense graded bituminous mixes to replace (by volume) a portion of the mineral aggregates of an equal size, i.e. 5.0 to 2.36mm. The results obtained in this investigation indicate that at the same air void content, the compacted Plastiphalt mix has lower bulk density than that of the conventional control mix. A 30% aggregate replacement by volume with the LDPE results in a reduction in bulk compacted mix density of 16%. This reduction in density is advantageous in terms of haulage costs. LDPE partial aggregate replacement also results in a 2.5 times increase in the Marshall Stability value and an improved Marshall quotient value. The slope of the deformation curve during dynamic creep loading of the Plastiphalt mix at 60 degrees C outperforms the control mix by 67%. Additionally, the Plastiphalt gives 14% recovery after one hour unloading time compared to 0.6% for the control mix. The indirect tensile stiffness modulus (ITSM) values of the Plastiphalt compacted mix were found to be lower than that of the control mix, on the other hand the static indirect tensile strength values were found to be much higher. The mechanical properties of a hot recycled Plastiphalt mix have also been investigated and were found to be at least as good as that of the original Plastiphalt and better than the control mixes. For the covering abstract see ITRD E107185.
Bayesian Optimization With Censored Response Data (2013)

Bayesian optimization (BO) aims to minimize a given blackbox function using a model that is updated whenever new evidence about the function becomes available. Here, we address the problem of BO under partially right-censored response data, where in some evaluations we only obtain a lower bound on the function value. The ability to handle such response data allows us to adaptively censor costly function evaluations in minimization problems where the cost of a function evaluation corresponds to the function value. One important application giving rise to such censored data is the runtime-minimizing variant of the algorithm configuration problem: finding settings of a given parametric algorithm that minimize the runtime required for solving problem instances from a given distribution. We demonstrate that terminating slow algorithm runs prematurely and handling the resulting right-censored observations can substantially improve the state of the art in model-based algorithm configuration.
EFFECT ON THE ELECTRO-ENCEPHALOGRAM OF CERTAIN DRUGS WHICH INFLUENCE NERVOUS ACTIVITY (1937)

The electro-encephalogram is analogous to the electrocardiogram; it is a record of the electrical potentials originating in the brain. Hans Berger1demonstrated the feasibility of leading off these potentials through the intact human skull and made records of them in various neurologic and pharmacologic conditions. In work already published we2(together with Hallowell Davis) have reported the changes of electrical potential which accompany impaired consciousness, either when occurring spontaneously, as in petit mal, or when induced by means of syncope, anoxemia or hyperpnea. We now wish to report the changes resulting from the administration of various drugs. Our observations follow those of Berger1c,has regards certain of the drugs and those of Loomis and Harvey3as regards acute alcoholism. Aside from these authors we know of no one who has studied the effect of drugs on the electro-encephalograms of human beings. Various workers have, however, carried
Recent advances in andrology-related stem cell research (2008)

Stem cells hold great promise for regenerative medicine because of their ability to self-renew and to differentiate into various cell types. Although embryonic stem cells (BSC) have greater differentiation potential than adult stem cells, the former is lagging in reaching clinical applications because of ethical concerns and governmental restrictions. Bone marrow stem cells (BMSC) are the best-studied adult stem cells (ASC) and have the potential to treat a wide variety of diseases, including erectile dysfunction (ED) and male infertility. More recently discovered adipose tissue-derived stem cells (ADSC) are virtually identical to bone marrow stem cells in differentiation and therapeutic potential, but are easier and safer to obtain, can be harvested in larger quantities, and have the associated benefit of reducing obesity. Therefore, ADSC appear to be a better choice for future clinical applications. We have previously shown that ESC could restore the erectile function of neurogenic ED in rats, and we now have evidence that ADSC could do so as well. We are also investigating whether ADSC can differentiate into Leydig, Sertoli and male germ cells. The eventual goal is to use ADSC to treat male infertility and testosterone deficiency.
Formation of Ordered Biomolecular Structures by the Self-assembly of Short Peptides (2013)

In nature, complex functional structures are formed by the self-assembly of biomolecules under mild conditions. Understanding the forces that control self-assembly and mimicking this process in vitro will bring about major advances in the areas of materials science and nanotechnology. Among the available biological building blocks, peptides have several advantages as they present substantial diversity, their synthesis in large scale is straightforward, and they can easily be modified with biological and chemical entities(1,2). Several classes of designed peptides such as cyclic peptides, amphiphile peptides and peptide-conjugates self-assemble into ordered structures in solution. Homoaromatic dipeptides, are a class of short self-assembled peptides that contain all the molecular information needed to form ordered structures such as nanotubes, spheres and fibrils(3-8). A large variety of these peptides is commercially available. This paper presents a procedure that leads to the formation of ordered structures by the self-assembly of homoaromatic peptides. The protocol requires only commercial reagents and basic laboratory equipment. In addition, the paper describes some of the methods available for the characterization of peptide-based assemblies. These methods include electron and atomic force microscopy and Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR). Moreover, the manuscript demonstrates the blending of peptides (coassembly) and the formation of a "beads on a string"-like structure by this process.(9) The protocols presented here can be adapted to other classes of peptides or biological building blocks and can potentially lead to the discovery of new peptide-based structures and to better control of their assembly.
Lipid Raft–Mediated Uptake of Cysteine-Modified Thioredoxin-1: Apoptosis Enhancement by Inhibiting the Endogenous Thioredoxin-1 (2007)

Thioredoxin-1 (TRX) plays important roles in cellular signaling by controlling the redox state of cysteine residues in target proteins. TRX is released in response to oxidative stress and shows various biologic functions from the extracellular environment. However, the mechanism by which extracellular TRX transduces the signal into the cells remains unclear. Here we report that the cysteine modification at the active site of TRX promotes the internalization of TRX into the cells. TRX-C35S, in which the cysteine at residue 35 of the active site was replaced with serine, was internalized more effectively than wild-type TRX in human T-cell leukemia virus-transformed T cells. TRX-C35S bound rapidly to the cell surface and was internalized into the cells dependent on lipid rafts in the plasma membrane. This process was inhibited by wild-type TRX, reducing reagents such as dithiothreitol, and methyl-beta-cyclodextrin, which disrupts lipid rafts. Moreover, the internalized TRX-C35S binds to endogenous TRX, resulting in the generation of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and enhanced cis-diamine-dichloroplatinum (II) (CDDP)-induced apoptosis via a ROS-mediated pathway involving apoptosis signal-regulating kinase-1 (ASK-1) activation. These findings suggest that the cysteine at the active site of TRX plays a key role in the internalization and signal transduction of extracellular TRX into the cells.
Multiresolution de-speckle based on Laplacian pyramids (2002)

A multiresolution filtering procedure is derived from the framework of Laplacian pyramids and proposed for edge-preserving MMSE smoothing of images affected by multiplicative noise with speckle statistics. The basic idea of the novel scheme is to apply an MMSE filter (e.g., Kuan's filter) to the different resolution layers in which the noisy image is decomposed. A noise-free image version is achieved by recombining the layers of the pyramid, once they have been filtered. Comparison tests performed on images affected by synthetic speckle, with both one-look and multi-look statistics, show significant SNR improvements over the basic Kuan's scheme, resulting in far lower distortion between noise-free and processed images. Visual comparisons on true and simulated SAR images corroborate the objective results.
Highly Sensitive Detection and Spectral Analysis of Ultraweak Photon Emission from Living Samples of Human Origin for the Measurement of Biomedical Information (1994)

Ultraweak photon emission originating from living systems and organisms is generally called biophoton emission and has known to occur naturally in conjunction with various vital processes of life. The aim of our study is to develop new techniques for biomedical measurements and analyses based on highly sensitive detection and characterization of biophoton emission from living samples of human origin. In this paper, we report the fundamental techniques and instrumentation developed newly for the measurement of ultraweak photon emission intensity and its spectral distribution together with basic characteristics of ultraweak photon emission from blood plasma, urine, sputum and breath samples taken from various subjects.
Formal Approaches to Teamwork. (2005)

Cooperation matters. Many everyday tasks cannot be done at all by a single agent, and many others are done more effectively by multiple agents. Moving a very heavy object is an example of the first sort, and moving a very long (but not heavy) object can be of the second. Many researchers
ChemInform Abstract: Thermal Stability, Acidity, Catalytic Properties, and Deactivation Behavior of SAPO‐5 Catalysts: Effect of Silicon Content, Acid Treatment, and Na Exchange. (1994)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
The effect of time-dependent macromolecular crowding on the kinetics of protein aggregation: a simple model for the onset of age-related neurodegenerative disease (2014)

A linear increase in the concentration of "inert" macromolecules with time is incorporated into simple excluded volume models for protein condensation or fibrillation. Such models predict a long latent period during which no significant amount of protein aggregates, followed by a steep increase in the total amount of aggregate. The elapsed time at which these models predict half-conversion of model protein to aggregate varies by less than a factor of two when the intrinsic rate constant for condensation or fibril growth of the protein is varied over many orders of magnitude. It is suggested that this concept can explain why the symptoms of neurodegenerative diseases associated with the aggregation of very different proteins and peptides appear at approximately the same advanced age in humans.
A self-oscillating detuning-insensitive class-E transmitter for implantable microsystems (2001)

This paper describes a low-cost, self-oscillating, detuning-in-sensitive, class-E driver for transcutaneous power and data transmission to implantable microsystems. A voltage feedback scheme using a fast comparator for zero-crossing detection and a CMOS start-up circuit were used to stabilize the class-E operation for various transmitter coil inductance values. This technique solves the common problem of mismatch between the switching frequency of the driving device and the resonant frequency of the load network, which can cause excessive power loss and damage to the active device. Data is transmitted by AM modulation of the carrier through switching the power supply between two levels. The transmitter uses a 9-V supply, consumes 212 mA, operates at 3.9 MHz, and has an efficiency of 71%. The efficiency is stable (< 2% change) against 13% variations in the inductance value of a pancake shaped transmitter coil. Index Terms-Biomedical microsystems, class-E transmitter, implantable electronics, inductive powering, transcutaneous links.
Highly Enantioselective Copper‐Catalyzed Allylic Alkylation with Phosphoramidite Ligands (2004)

Abstract New phosphoramidites were applied as chiral ligands in the Cu‐catalyzed allylic alkylation with dialkylzinc reagents. A variety of substrates, reagents and chiral ligands were screened, resulting in improved catalytic methodology for allylic bromides in which enantioselectivities up to 88% were reached.
Pulse-Width Modulation Pre-Emphasis Applied in a Wireline Transmitter, Achieving 33 dB Loss Compensation at 5-Gb/s in 0.13-<tex>$muhbox m$</tex>CMOS (2006)

A transmitter pre-emphasis technique for copper cable equalization is presented that is based on pulse-width modulation (PWM). This technique is an alternative to the usual 2-tap symbol-spaced FIR (SSF) pre-emphasis. The technique uses timing resolution instead of amplitude resolution to adjust the filter transfer function, and therefore fits well with future high-speed low-voltage CMOS processes. Spectral analysis and time domain simulations illustrate that PWM pre-emphasis offers more relative high frequency boost than 2-tap SSF. Only one coefficient needs to be set to fit the equalizer transfer function to the channel, which makes convergence of an algorithm for automatic adaptation straightforward. A proof-of-concept 0.13-/spl mu/m CMOS transmitter achieves in excess of 5 Gb/s (2-PAM) over 25 m of standard RG-58U low-end coaxial copper cable with 33 dB of channel loss at the Nyquist frequency (2.5 GHz). Measured BER at this speed and channel loss is <10/sup -12/.