gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Design and fabrication of large capacity bubble memory devices (invited) (1979)

In order for the magnetic bubble device technology to remain competitive with other memories higher densities are required. Our approach consists of reducing the period of the conventional permalloy devices from the 12-16μm range to the 6-8μm period range. This density allows the fabrication of a 1Mbit chip in a 1cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> area. One of the major obstacles in reducing the NiFe period in the past has been the problem of step coverage. We have developed a NiFe design which is totally planar in processing and which is capable of performing generation, swap, replication and detection. The process consists of a tri-layer deposition of AlCu/SiO <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> /NiFe and then top down masking and material removal steps in which the NiFe is ion milled and the SiO <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> and AlCu are plasma etched. The second level has been designed in such a manner that the NiFe layer provides an aid for alignment and masking for the AlCu process since the NiFe is an excellent mask for the plasma etches. In addition, the patterns are direct slice stepped from a 10X E-Beam reticle which produces minimum features of <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">\sim1\mu</tex> m and registration to better than ±¼μm. Several 1Mbit architectural organizations such as 1×1Mbit, 2×512Kbit and 4×256Kbit will be compared from a performance point of view.
A Comparative Study of Automated Pulsed Bolus Versus Continuous Basal Infusion on Distribution of Dye in the Paravertebral Space in a Cadaver (2019)

Adequate pain control following thoracic surgery is important to enhance post-operative recovery. Paravertebral catheters have been reported to have a variety of clinical applications, including the blunting of surgical pain, lessening the need for opioids, and improvement in post-operative ventilation. The spread of local anesthesia to multiple paravertebral spaces is needed to establish an effective block. We have determined that the spread of contrast dye by a catheter in the thoracic paravertebral space is greater in a programmed intermittent bolus than in a continuous basal infusion.
Methanogenesis Biochemistry (2002)

Abstract Methanogenesis is the biological production of methane mediated by three major pathways: (1) reduction of carbon dioxide, (2) fermentation of acetate, and (3) dismutation of methanol or methylamines. Investigations of the biochemistry of the pathways have revealed novel enzymes with metal and cofactor requirements that have introduced new principles of biochemistry.
Are randomly grown graphs really random? (2001)

We analyze a minimal model of a growing network. At each time step, a new vertex is added; then, with probability delta, two vertices are chosen uniformly at random and joined by an undirected edge. This process is repeated for t time steps. In the limit of large t, the resulting graph displays surprisingly rich characteristics. In particular, a giant component emerges in an infinite-order phase transition at delta=1/8. At the transition, the average component size jumps discontinuously but remains finite. In contrast, a static random graph with the same degree distribution exhibits a second-order phase transition at delta=1/4, and the average component size diverges there. These dramatic differences between grown and static random graphs stem from a positive correlation between the degrees of connected vertices in the grown graph-older vertices tend to have higher degree, and to link with other high-degree vertices, merely by virtue of their age. We conclude that grown graphs, however randomly they are constructed, are fundamentally different from their static random graph counterparts.
C-NNAP-a parallel processing architecture for binary neural networks (2002)

This paper describes the C-NNAP machine, a MIMD implementation of an array of ADAM (advanced distributed associative memory) binary neural networks, primarily designed for image processing. C-NNAP comprises an array of VME cards each containing a DSP, SCSI controller and a new design of the sum and threshold (SAT) peripheral processor. The SAT processor is a dedicated hardware implementation that performs binary neural network computations. The SAT processor yields a potential speed-up of between 108 times to 182 times that of the current DSP with its dedicated coprocessor. C-NNAP in association with the SAT provide a fast, parallel environment for performing binary neural network operations.
Drop an Octave: Reducing Spatial Redundancy in Convolutional Neural Networks with Octave Convolution (2019)

In natural images, information is conveyed at different frequencies where higher frequencies are usually encoded with fine details and lower frequencies are usually encoded with global structures. Similarly, the output feature maps of a convolution layer can also be seen as a mixture of information at different frequencies. In this work, we propose to factorize the mixed feature maps by their frequencies, and design a novel Octave Convolution (OctConv) operation to store and process feature maps that vary spatially "slower" at a lower spatial resolution reducing both memory and computation cost. Unlike existing multi-scale methods, OctConv is formulated as a single, generic, plug-and-play convolutional unit that can be used as a direct replacement of (vanilla) convolutions without any adjustments in the network architecture. It is also orthogonal and complementary to methods that suggest better topologies or reduce channel-wise redundancy like group or depth-wise convolutions. We experimentally show that by simply replacing convolutions with OctConv, we can consistently boost accuracy for both image and video recognition tasks, while reducing memory and computational cost. An OctConv-equipped ResNet-152 can achieve 82.9% top-1 classification accuracy on ImageNet with merely 22.2 GFLOPs.
Properties of Slip‐Cast and Pressureless‐Sintered ZrB 2 –SiC Composites (2010)

In view of the perspective to produce near‐net shapes of ultra‐refractory ceramics, ZrB 2 –SiC composite were produced by slip casting on plaster mould and pressureless sintered at 2150°C with a holding time of 120 min, using silicon nitride as a sintering aid. After sintering, slip‐cast samples reached a very high relative density over 98%, while for comparison, the density of cold isostatic pressed samples was about 94%. Traces of the formation of secondary phases such as B 4 C, graphite, and BN were found in all samples, while no grain boundary phases were revealed. RT flexural strength of as‐sintered slip cast bars was affected by the presence of an external porous layer of coarse ZrB 2 particles, while at 1500°C the flexural strength increased, as a glassy layer sealed the superficial defects. Because of the absence of softening grain boundary phases, subcritical crack growth did not occur during high‐temperature strength tests.
Synthesis, Resolution, and Biological Evaluation of Atropisomeric (aR)- and (aS)-16-Methyllamellarins N: Unique Effects of the Axial Chirality on the Selectivity of Protein Kinases Inhibition (2013)

The total synthesis of the optically active (aR)- and (aS)-16-methyllamellarins N (3a and 3b) was achieved via resolution on HPLC chiral stationary phase. The kinase inhibitory activities of both enantiomers were evaluated on eight protein kinases relevant to cancer and neurodegenerative diseases (CDK1/cyclin B, CDK2/cyclin A, CDK5/p25, GSK-3α/β, PIM1, DYRK1A, CLK3, and CK1). Isomer (aR)-3b exhibited potent but nonselective inhibition on all protein kinases except CK1, while (aS)-3a selectively inhibited only GSK-3α/β, PIM1, and DYRK1A. The different inhibition profiles of (aS)-3a and (aR)-3b were elucidated by docking simulation studies. Although parental lamellarin N (2) inhibited the action of topoisomerase I, both (aS)-3a and (aR)-3b showed no inhibition of this enzyme. The phenotypic cytotoxic activities of 2, (aS)-3a, and (aR)-3b on three cancer cell lines (HeLa, SH-SY5Y, and IMR32) changed according to their topoisomerase I and protein kinase inhibitory activities.
Diabetes Mellitus Accelerates Aβ Pathology in Brain Accompanied by Enhanced GAβ Generation in Nonhuman Primates (2015)

Growing evidence suggests that diabetes mellitus (DM) is one of the strongest risk factors for developing Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, it remains unclear why DM accelerates AD pathology. In cynomolgus monkeys older than 25 years, senile plaques (SPs) are spontaneously and consistently observed in their brains, and neurofibrillary tangles are present at 32 years of age and older. In laboratory-housed monkeys, obesity is occasionally observed and frequently leads to development of type 2 DM. In the present study, we performed histopathological and biochemical analyses of brain tissue in cynomolgus monkeys with type 2 DM to clarify the relationship between DM and AD pathology. Here, we provide the evidence that DM accelerates Aβ pathology in vivo in nonhuman primates who had not undergone any genetic manipulation. In DM-affected monkey brains, SPs were observed in frontal and temporal lobe cortices, even in monkeys younger than 20 years. Biochemical analyses of brain revealed that the amount of GM1-ganglioside-bound Aβ (GAβ)--the endogenous seed for Aβ fibril formation in the brain--was clearly elevated in DM-affected monkeys. Furthermore, the level of Rab GTPases was also significantly increased in the brains of adult monkeys with DM, almost to the same levels as in aged monkeys. Intraneuronal accumulation of enlarged endosomes was also observed in DM-affected monkeys, suggesting that exacerbated endocytic disturbance may underlie the acceleration of Aβ pathology due to DM.
Autonomous reinforcement learning on raw visual input data in a real world application (2012)

We propose a learning architecture, that is able to do reinforcement learning based on raw visual input data. In contrast to previous approaches, not only the control policy is learned. In order to be successful, the system must also autonomously learn, how to extract relevant information out of a high-dimensional stream of input information, for which the semantics are not provided to the learning system. We give a first proof-of-concept of this novel learning architecture on a challenging benchmark, namely visual control of a racing slot car. The resulting policy, learned only by success or failure, is hardly beaten by an experienced human player.
Efficacy of an Intra‐Operative Imaging Software System for Anatomic Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction Surgery (2012)

An imaging software system was studied for improving the performance of anatomic anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction which requires identifying ACL insertion sites for bone tunnel placement. This software predicts and displays the insertion sites based on the literature data and patient‐specific bony landmarks. Twenty orthopaedic surgeons performed simulated arthroscopic ACL surgeries on 20 knee specimens, first without and then with the visual guidance by fluoroscopic imaging, and their tunnel entry positions were recorded. The native ACL insertion morphologies of individual specimens were quantified in relation to CT‐based bone models and then used to evaluate the software‐generated insertion locations. Results suggested that the system was effective in leading surgeons to predetermined locations while the application of averaged insertion morphological information in individual surgeries can be susceptible to inaccuracy and uncertainty. Implications on challenges associated with developing engineering solutions to aid in re‐creating or recognizing anatomy in surgical care delivery are discussed.
A Study Of The Suffering Mechanism Caused By The Tsunami Of Pontoon Installed In A Port (2013)

In this study, we investigated damaged situation of floating structures in Miyagi Pref. caused by tsunamis in the Great East Japan Earthquake and it made clear that some structures mooring with pile were flowed away. However, structures mooring with chains were never flowed away. we used a case of Izushima, Onagawa-town to examine a mechanism suffered floating structures that mooring with piles and chains. In the case of pile mooring, from the result of examination, it was estimated that piles were left out by tsunami water level rising. In the case of chain mooring, at the result of numerical calculation using by STOC and mooring simulation, it was found that dredging anchor blocks became important factor against outflow.
Dapagliflozin Plus Saxagliptin Add-on Therapy Compared With Insulin in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Poorly Controlled by Metformin With or Without Sulfonylurea Therapy: A Randomized Clinical Trial (2019)

Adding DAPA + SAXA to insulin-naive patients with poorly controlled type 2 diabetes achieved similar glycemic control, a lower risk of hypoglycemia, and a clinically relevant body weight difference compared with basal INS.
Generation and Detection of 28 Gbaud Polarization Switched-QPSK in WDM Long-Haul Transmission Systems (2012)

We report on an experimental long-haul transmission of a 28 Gbaud PS-QPSK signal in WDM scenarios. This report presents, to the authors' knowledge, a novel implementation of an optical coherent receiver for the polarization-switched quadrature phase shift keying (PS-QPSK) modulation format, with minor variations on the standard coherent PDM-QPSK receiver. We compare the performance of PS-QPSK with that of PDM-QPSK, over a WDM system based on 100 Gb/s PDM-QPSK and standard single mode fiber (SSMF), and we demonstrate its interest for software-defined optical transceivers operating over dispersion managed and non-managed transmission links.
Efficacy of a novel moist cool air device in office workers with dry eye disease (2012)

Moist cool air device use provided symptomatic relief of ocular dryness and improvement on tear stability in office workers with DED. This new device seems to be a safe and promising alternative in the treatment of DED.
Renal magnetic resonance angiography: an update (1998)

Recent developments in renal magnetic resonance angiography have led to a significant improvement in the technical success rate and diagnostic accuracy of the methods. Specifically, three-dimensional contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance angiography methods have been shown to provide a more reliable depiction of renal artery morphology than older techniques. In addition, recent work has shown that variations of magnetic resonance angiography methods have several important attributes that may make it feasible to demonstrate the hemodynamic significance of a renal artery stenosis. Recent data show that magnetic resonance angiography methods may be used to predict patient outcome in response to revascularization therapy.
Experimental Measurement of Alford’s Force in Axial Flow Turbomachinery (1984)

This paper presents the results of experimental measurements made on a small, high-speed, axial-flow test apparatus to verify the existence of Alford’s force and to investigate the validity of his mathematical prediction model. The measurements show that the cross-coupled aerodynamic force is linearly proportional to rotor eccentricity, and to stage torque, as predicted by Alford’s theory. However, it was found that the force is also speed-dependent, and that the inlet flow conditions to the stage have a pronounced effect. For some special combinations of rotor speed and stage torque, the direction of the force is reversed.
Human cobalophilin: The structure of bound methylcobalamin and a functional role in protecting methylcobalamin from photolysis (1993)

The interactions of methylcobalamin with cobalophilin from human serum were analyzed using extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) spectroscopy, photolysis of the cobalt-carbon bond of methylcobalamin, and a pKa determination of the protonation of the coordinated nitrogen of 5,6-dimethylbenzimidazole (DMB). These results are consistent with the idea that the DMB nitrogen is still coordinated when protein is bound; however, the ability of a methyl radical (generated by photolysis) to escape the geminate cage of the protein is considerably reduced. For methylcobalamin in solution, the DMB nitrogen ligand is at a distance of 2.20 +/- 0.03 A from cobalt [Sagi, I., & Chance, M. R. (1992) J. Am. Chem. Soc. 114, 8061-8066]. This distance to the lower axial ligand does not change when protein binds (2.20 +/- 0.04 A), nor do the optical spectra exhibit any base-off character. The average of the distance from cobalt to the four equatorial nitrogens of the corrin plane is also unchanged. The pKa for the conversion of the "base-on" to the "base-off" form of methylcobalamin, where the above DMB nitrogen becomes protonated and the Co-N axial bond is cleaved, does not deviate from the free cobalamin value of 2.7 when methylcobalamin is bound to cobalophilin. These results indicate that replacement of the DMB ligand with a ligand from the protein is unlikely. Although the background-subtracted EXAFS data sets for free methylcobalamin and for the protein complex are extremely similar, more accurate data with explicit higher shell analysis would be required to entirely rule out ligand replacement. The chemical and electronic nature of the ligand changes little.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
A mouse model study of toxicity and biodistribution of a replication defective adenovirus serotype 5 virus with its genome engineered to contain a decoy hyper binding site to sequester and suppress oncogenic HMGA1 as a new cancer treatment therapy (2018)

The HGMA1 architectural transcription factor is highly overexpressed in many human cancers. Because HMGA1 is a hub for regulation of many oncogenes, its overexpression in cancer plays a central role in cancer progression and therefore HMGA1 is gaining increasing attention as a target for development of therapeutic approaches to suppress either its expression or action in cancer cells. We have developed the strategy of introducing decoy hyper binding sites for HMGA1 into the nucleus of cancer cells with the goal of competetively sequestering overexpressed HMGA1 and thus suppressing its oncogenic action. Towards achieving this goal, we have introduced an HMGA1 decoy hyper binding site composed of six copies of a high affinity HMGA1 binding site into the genome of the replication defective adenovirus serotype 5 genome and shown that the engineered virus effectively reduces the viability of human pancreatic and cancer cells. Here we report the first pre-clinical measures of toxicity and biodistribution of the engineered virus in C57BL/6J Black 6 mice. The immune response to exposure of the engineered virus was determined by assaying the serum levels of key cytokines, IL-6 and TNF-α. Toxicity due to exposure to the virus was determined by measuring the serum levels of the liver enzymes aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase. Biodistribution was measured following direct injection into the pancreas or liver by quantifying viral loads in the pancreas, liver, spleen and brain.
Topological One-Way Large-Area Waveguide States in Magnetic Photonic Crystals (2021)

We have theoretically and experimentally achieved large-area one-way transport by using heterostructures consisting of a domain of an ordinary photonic crystal sandwiched between two domains of magnetic photonic crystals. The nonmagnetized domain carries two orthogonal one-way waveguide states which have amplitude uniformly distributed over a large area. We show that such one-way waveguide states can be used to abruptly narrow the beam width of an extended state to concentrate energy, and the transport is robust against different kinds of defects and imperfections. They are also immune to the Anderson-type localization when large randomness is introduced.
Delayed nerve regeneration in streptozotocin diabetic rats (1986)

Nerve regeneration across a 10-mm gap was delayed in streptozotocin diabetic rats 3 and 4 weeks after transecting the sciatic nerve. Opposite ends of each cut nerve were introduced into a silicone tube, leaving a 10-mm gap. Electron microscopy was used to evaluate the progress of regeneration in sections at 2-mm intervals across the 10-mm gap. After 3 weeks, control axons had bridged the 10-mm gap, and myelin sheaths extended for 6-8 mm. By contrast, axons and their myelin sheaths were seen no further than 2 mm from the proximal stump in diabetic animals. By 4 weeks, axons had bridged the gap in diabetics; however, they appeared immature and showed dystrophic changes. The findings suggest that although regeneration does occur in diabetic nerves, it is significantly delayed and qualitatively impaired.
Hypoxia Modulates A431 Cellular Pathways Association to Tumor Radioresistance and Enhanced Migration Revealed by Comprehensive Proteomic and Functional Studies (2012)

Tumor hypoxia induces cancer cell angiogenesis, invasiveness, treatment resistance, and contributes to poor clinical outcome. However, the molecular mechanism by which tumor hypoxia exerts a coordinated effect on different molecular pathways to enhance tumor growth and survival and lead to poor clinical outcome is not fully understood. In this study, we attempt to elucidate the global protein expression and functional changes in A431 epithelial carcinoma cells induced by hypoxia and reoxygenation using iTRAQ quantitative proteomics and biochemical functional assays. Quantitative proteomics results showed that 4316 proteins were quantified with FDR<1%, in which over 1200 proteins were modulated >1.2 fold, and DNA repair, glycolysis, integrin, glycoprotein turnover, and STAT1 pathways were perturbed by hypoxia and reoxygenation-induced oxidative stress. For the first time, hypoxia was shown to up-regulate the nonhomologous end-joining pathway, which plays a central role in DNA repair of irradiated cells, thereby potentially contributing to the radioresistance of hypoxic A431 cells. The up-regulation of Ku70/Ku80 dimer, a key molecular complex in the nonhomologous end-joining pathway, was confirmed by Western blot and liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry-MRM methods. Functional studies confirmed that up-regulation of glycolysis, integrin, glycoprotein synthesis, and down-regulation of STAT1 pathways during hypoxia enhanced metastastic activity of A431 cells. Migration of A431 cells was dramatically repressed by glycolysis inhibitor (2-Deoxy-d-glucose), glycoprotein synthesis inhibitor (1-Deoxynojirimycin Hydrochloride), and STAT1α overexpression that enhanced the integrin-mediated cell adhesion. These results revealed that hypoxia induced several biological processes involved in tumor migration and radioresistance and provided potential new targets for tumor therapy.
Structural and magnetic properties of Al2O3/Ni81Fe19thin films: from superparamagnetic nanoparticles to ferromagnetic multilayers (2005)

Al2O3/Ni81Fe19 multilayer films were produced by sequential magnetron sputter deposition on thermally oxidized Si(001) substrates. It was shown that by varying the thickness of the Ni81Fe19 layer from 8 to 30 Å, while keeping the other parameters unchanged, one can control the film structure from nanoclusters to continuous multilayers. The nanoclustered sample is superparamagnetic while the continuous samples show ferromagnetic behaviour. The magnetic moments per atom of the Ni81Fe19 layers decrease with decreasing amount of metallic deposits, indicating the presence of nonmagnetic layers at the interfaces. The thicknesses of these layers are determined to be about 1 Å for the flat continuous film and 3.8 Å for the nanoclustered film. The existence of nonmagnetic layers may be interpreted in terms of the formation of antiferromagnetic oxides at the interfaces.