gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Oral DNA vaccination of rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum), against infectious haematopoietic necrosis virus using PLGA [Poly(D,L‐Lactic‐Co‐Glycolic Acid)] nanoparticles (2012)

A DNA vaccine against infectious haematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV) is effective at protecting rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss, against disease, but intramuscular injection is required and makes the vaccine impractical for use in the freshwater rainbow trout farming industry. Poly (D,L-lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) is a U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved polymer that can be used to deliver DNA vaccines. We evaluated the in vivo absorption of PLGA nanoparticles containing coumarin-6 when added to a fish food pellet. We demonstrated that rainbow trout will eat PLGA nanoparticle coated feed and that these nanoparticles can be detected in the epithelial cells of the lower intestine within 96 h after feeding. We also detected low levels of gene expression and anti-IHNV neutralizing antibodies when fish were fed or intubated with PLGA nanoparticles containing IHNV G gene plasmid. A virus challenge evaluation suggested a slight increase in survival at 6 weeks post-vaccination in fish that received a high dose of the oral vaccine, but there was no difference when additional fish were challenged at 10 weeks post-vaccination. The results of this study suggest that it is possible to induce an immune response using an orally delivered DNA vaccine, but the current system needs improvement.
Incidencias de la Comunicación Digital (2004)

The ability to flexibly adjust movement timing is important for everyday life. Although the basal ganglia and cerebellum have been implicated in monitoring of supra- and sub-second intervals, respectively, the underlying neuronal mechanism remains unclear. Here, we show that in monkeys trained to generate a self-initiated saccade at instructed timing following a visual cue, neurons in the caudate nucleus kept track of passage of time throughout the delay period, while those in the cerebellar dentate nucleus were recruited only during the last part of the delay period. Conversely, neuronal correlates of trial-by-trial variation of self-timing emerged earlier in the cerebellum than the striatum. Local inactivation of respective recording sites confirmed the difference in their relative contributions to supra- and sub-second intervals. These results suggest that the basal ganglia may measure elapsed time relative to the intended interval, while the cerebellum might be responsible for the fine adjustment of self-timing.
Capabilities to improve corrosion resistance of fuel claddings by using powerful laser and plasma sources (2016)

The treatment conditions of fuel claddings of the E110 alloy by using powerful UV or IR laser radiation, which lead to the increase in the corrosion resistance at the high-temperature (T = 1100°C) oxidation simulating a loss-of-coolant accident, are determined. The possibility of the complete suppression of corrosion under these conditions by using pulsed laser deposition of a Cr layer is demonstrated. The behavior of protective coatings of Al, Al2O3, and Cr planted on steel EP823 by pulsed laser deposition, which is planned to be used in the BREST-OD-300, is studied. The methods of the almost complete suppression of corrosion in liquid lead to the temperature of 720°C are shown.
Supplementary Data from Detection and Surveillance of Bladder Cancer Using Urine Tumor DNA (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplemental Figures&lt;/p&gt;
Cosine series representation of 3D curves and its application to white matter fiber bundles in diffusion tensor imaging (2010)

We present a novel cosine series representation for encoding fiber bundles consisting of multiple 3D curves. The coordinates of curves are parameterized as coefficients of cosine series expansion. We address the issue of registration, averaging and statistical inference on curves in a unified Hilbert space framework. Unlike traditional splines, the proposed method does not have internal knots and explicitly represents curves as a linear combination of cosine basis. This simplicity in the representation enables us to design statistical models, register curves and perform subsequent analysis in a more unified statistical framework than splines.The proposed representation is applied in characterizing abnormal shape of white matter fiber tracts passing through the splenium of the corpus callosum in autistic subjects. For an arbitrary tract, a 19 degree expansion is usually found to be sufficient to reconstruct the tract with 60 parameters.
Fundamental Study on Particle Behavior and Decontamination Characteristics in Dry Decontamination Device (2020)

The decommissioning of nuclear power plants is becoming a very important issue in the nuclear industry, as more and more nuclear power plants in Japan and abroad have been in operation for more than 40 years. In decommissioning, it is necessary to improve the decontamination technology for the structures of nuclear facilities to reduce the amount of radioactive waste to be managed and disposed of. In the decommissioning of the “Fugen”, which is the prototype of a advanced converter reactor that was shut down in 2003, a dry decontamination system for small diameter pipes, which are difficult to decontaminate, has been introduced on a trial basis and has been highly effective. However, the detailed decontamination mechanism of this dry decontamination device is not yet known, and basic research on this device is an important issue to be addressed in order to improve its efficiency and reliability. In this study, a dry decontamination machine was divided into two sections, one for blast polishing and the other for barrel polishing, and the results showed that blast polishing was more effective in decontaminating metal samples. The effect of blast polishing was measured at different angles of incidence, and it was found that blast polishing was most efficient at a projection angle of 45°, and it was confirmed that the effect of indentation rather than polishing increased as the angle was closer to 0°.
WCDMA for UMTS (1991)

From the Publisher:
WCDMA for UMTS is the only reference available which provides a complete picture of the Wideband CDMA (Code Division Multiple Access) air interface of the 3rd generation cellular systems - UMTS (Universal Mobile Telecommunication System). WCDMA is designed for multimedia communications including high quality images and video, and access to services with high data rates. These capabilities will create new business opportunities for manufacturers, operators and for the providers of content and applications.
Explains the key parts of the 3GPP/WCDMA standard and provides guidelines for its efficient usePresents network dimensioning and coverage and capacity planning of WCDMAIntroduces radio resource management algorithms in the WCDMA networkExamines the coverage and capacity of WCDMA up to 2Mbps using numerous simulation resultsIntroduces the TDD (Time Divisions Duplex) modeDiscusses the co-existence of TDD and FDD (Frequency Divisions Duplex) and highlights their main differences
The second edition contains 50 new pages and features the following updates, enabling this reference to remain as the leading text in the area:
HSDPA (High Speed Downlink Packet Data)BTS and UE performance requirementsWCDMA1900: WCDMA for the Americas marketIP transportLocation techniques
The Preparation and Properties of Crystalline Lithium Alkyls (1957)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Preparation and Properties of Crystalline Lithium AlkylsTheodore L. Brown and Max T. RogersCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1957, 79, 8, 1859–1861Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1957Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1957https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01565a024https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01565a024research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views632Altmetric-Citations59LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Differential DNA Methylation in Relation to Age and Health Risks of Obesity (2015)

The aim of this study was to evaluate whether genome-wide levels of DNA methylation are associated with age and the health risks of obesity (HRO); defined according to BMI categories as "Low HRO" (overweight and class 1 obesity) versus "High HRO" (class 2 and class 3 obesity). Anthropometric measurements were assessed in a subsample of 48 volunteers from the Metabolic Syndrome Reduction in Navarra (RESMENA) study and 24 women from another independent study, Effects of Lipoic Acid and Eicosapentaenoic Acid in Human Obesity (OBEPALIP study). In the pooled population; the methylation levels of 55 CpG sites were significantly associated with age after Benjamini-Hochberg correction. In addition, DNA methylation of three CpG sites located in ELOVL2; HOXC4 and PI4KB were further negatively associated with their mRNA levels. Although no differentially methylated CpG sites were identified in relation to HRO after multiple testing correction; several nominally significant CpG sites were identified in genes related to insulin signaling; energy and lipid metabolism. Moreover, statistically significant associations between BMI or mRNA levels and two HRO-related CpG sites located in GPR133 and ITGB5 are reported. As a conclusion, these findings from two Spanish cohorts add knowledge about the important role of DNA methylation in the age-related regulation of gene expression. In addition; a relevant influence of age on DNA methylation in white blood cells was found, as well as, on a trend level, novel associations between DNA methylation and obesity.
Bacterial Flavodoxins Support Nitric Oxide Production by Bacillus subtilis Nitric-oxide Synthase (2006)

Unlike animal nitric-oxide synthases (NOSs), the bacterial NOS enzymes have no attached flavoprotein domain to reduce their heme and so must rely on unknown bacterial proteins for electrons. We tested the ability of two Bacillus subtilis flavodoxins (YkuN and YkuP) to support catalysis by purified B. subtilis NOS (bsNOS). When an NADPH-utilizing bacterial flavodoxin reductase (FLDR) was added to reduce YkuP or YkuN, both supported NO synthesis from either L-arginine or N-hydroxyarginine and supported a linear nitrite accumulation over a 30-min reaction period. Rates of nitrite production were directly dependent on the ratio of YkuN or YkuP to bsNOS. However, the V/Km value for YkuN (5.2 x 10(5)) was about 20 times greater than that of YkuP (2.6 x 10(4)), indicating YkuN is more efficient in supporting bsNOS catalysis. YkuN that was either photo-reduced or prereduced by FLDR transferred an electron to the bsNOS ferric heme at rates similar to those measured for heme reduction in the animal NOSs. YkuN supported a similar NO synthesis activity by a different bacterial NOS (Deinococcus radiodurans) but not by any of the three mammalian NOS oxygenase domains nor by an insect NOS oxygenase domain. Our results establish YkuN as a kinetically competent redox partner for bsNOS and suggest that FLDR/flavodoxin proteins could function physiologically to support catalysis by bacterial NOSs.
Computational Hemodynamic Assessment of a Novel Modular Anastomotic Valve Device for Improving Hemodialysis Vascular Access Patency (2013)

End-stage renal disease (ESRD) occurs as a result of any renal injury that chronically decreases renal excretory and regulatory function. ESRD patients are most commonly treated with hemodialysis (HD) to manage their renal failure while awaiting kidney transplant. Current practices for maintenance of HD vascular access consist of arteriovenous fistulas (AVFs) or grafts (AVGs), which are both fraught with problems that compromise the patency and use of these surgically created shunts. The major cause of shunt failure is thrombosis caused by occlusion of the outflow venous anastomosis and draining vein. Intimal hyperplasia (IH), which consists of the thickening of the innermost layer of the vessel wall, is the initial pathological event leading to shunt stenosis/thrombosis and has been associated with the presence of flow disturbances and abnormal wall shear stress (WSS) at the graft-vein anastomosis. Therefore, the improvement of HD via the enhancement of vascular access patency requires the development of a novel vascular access technology preserving the normal hemodynamics of the native vein.
Application of spin trapping to the detection of radical intermediates in electrochemical transformations (1974)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTApplication of spin trapping to the detection of radical intermediates in electrochemical transformationsAllen J. Bard, John C. Gilbert, and Richard D. GoodinCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1974, 96, 2, 620–621Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1974Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1974https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00809a068https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00809a068research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views220Altmetric-Citations52LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Cellular pathways mediating tachykinin-evoked secretomotor responses in guinea pig ileum (1997)

This study characterized tachykinin-evoked secretomotor responses in in vitro submucosal and mucosal-submucosal preparations of the guinea pig ileum using combined intracellular and Ussing chamber recording techniques. Superfusion of endogenous tachykinins substance P (SP), neurokinin A (NKA), and neurokinin B depolarized single submucosal neurons and evoked increased short-circuit current (Isc) responses in Ussing chamber preparations. The NK1-receptor agonist [Sar9,Met(O2)11]SP [50% effective concentration (EC50) = 2 nM] depolarized all submucosal neurons examined. The NK3-receptor agonist senktide (EC50 = 20 nM) depolarized approximately 50% of neurons examined, whereas the NK2-receptor agonist [Ala5,beta-Ala8]NKA-(4-10) had no effect on membrane potential. [Sar9,Met(O2)11]SP and senktide evoked similar increases in Isc that were tetrodotoxin sensitive (91 and 100%, respectively) and were selectively blocked by the NK1 antagonist CP-99,994 and the NK3 antagonist SR-142,801, respectively. Capsaicin-evoked increases in Isc were significantly inhibited (54%, P < 0.05) by CP-99,994 but not by SR-142,801. Neither antagonist inhibited slow excitatory postsynaptic potentials. These findings suggest that tachykinin-evoked secretion in guinea pig ileum is mediated by NK1 and NK3 receptors on submucosal secretomotor neurons and that capsaicin-sensitive nerves release tachykinin(s) that activate the NK1 receptors.
Inverse Correlation Between Pink‐Eyed Dilution Protein Expression and Induction of Melanogenesis by Bafilomycin A1 (2001)

The pink-eyed dilution protein (p) plays a pivotal role in the synthesis of eumelanin. In its absence, critical melanosomal proteins fail to traffic to the melanosome. Pink-eyed dilution gene (P) mutations are the most common cause of tyrosinase-positive oculocutaneous albinism worldwide. Thus, reports that bafilomycin A1 was able to induce synthesis of melanin in tyrosinase-positive melanomas led us to test the drug on p-null murine melanocytes. We found that in melanocytes lacking p, bafilomycin A1 was able to induce melanin synthesis. These cells, once transfected with an expression vector encoding an epitope-tagged p transcript, failed to respond to the drug. The increase in melanin synthesis is accompanied by a reduction in tyrosinase protein cleavage and secretion with subsequent accumulation within the melanocyte. Bafilomycin A1 has also been reported to induce pigmentation of normal Caucasian melanocytes. Based on these data we hypothesize that p may serve as a key control point at which ethnic skin color variation is determined.
Using surface-plasmon effects to improve process latitute in near-field optical lithography (2006)

Surface plasmon enhanced contact lithography uses an underlying plasmonic layer to enhance image quality in evanescent near-field optical lithography. This article details simulations aimed at finding optimum conditions and attempts to explain some underlying mechanisms. Parameters explored include resist thickness, metal permittivity and thickness, polarization, and grating period and duty-cycle
Recovery of crenarchaeotal ribosomal DNA sequences from freshwater-lake sediments (1997)

We report several novel environmental sequences of archaea from the kingdom Crenarchaeota, recovered from anaerobic freshwater-lake sediments in Michigan. A nested PCR approach with Archaea- and Crenar-chaeota-specific primers was used to amplify partial Small-subunit ribosomal DNAs. Phylogenetic analysis of seven sequences shows that these DNAs represent a monophyletic lineage diverging prior to all recently identified crenarchaeotal phylotypes isolated from temperate environments. Including our lineage, all uncultured crenarchaeotal sequences recovered from moderate or cold environments form a distinct, monophyletic group separate from the "genuine" thermophilic crenarchaeota. Our finding extends the emerging picture that crenarchaeota, thought until recently to be solely extreme thermophiles, have radiated into an unexpectedly large variety of ecologically important, temperate environments.
Validity And Reliability Of ComputrainerTM And PowertapTM Power Meters During Incremental And Steady State Exercise (2005)

Portable power meters, such as Power-TapTM (PT), have become common for the assessment of cycling load in training and racing. Scientists, coaches and athletes have also used the stationary Compu TrainerTM (CT) ergometer to assess performance, or as a training tool. Currently, no validity and reliability studies are available for CT. PURPOSE To assess the validity and reliability of CT and PT power meters relative to each other under incremental and steady state tests. METHODS All protocols were approved by the Eastern Michigan University Human Subjects Committee. Fourteen trained cyclists (10 males: age, 35 ± 7 yr; VO2max, 63.8 ± 6.0 ml/kg/min and 4 women: age, 37 ± 5 yr; VO2max' 58.2 ± 2.4 ml/kg/min) were evaluated on 2 visits (VI and V2), approximately one week apart. Subjects performed a VO2peak test (CPX), 30-second sprint (SPX) (results presented elsewhere), and 30-minute time-trial (TTX), in that order, at each visit. Resistance was provided by CT at the rear wheel of each cyclist's bicycle during tests. Power, distance, speed and cadence were evaluated over specified time periods. Data were meaned and analyzed using limits of agreement with ANOVA. RESULTS VALIDITY: CPX mean CT and PT power (n = 10; mean ± SD) was 207.7 ± 15.1 W and 223.3 ± 15.8 W for VI; and 210.6 ± 12.9 W and 225.9 ± 13.2 W for V2. CPX mean PT power was biased higher (p < 0.001) than CT by 7% with an individual's tests falling within ± 2% (ie. bias ×/÷ random error of 1.07 ×/÷ 1.02) and was negatively correlated over time and/or intensity. Within instrument validity (VI to V2) for CPX power was 1.002 ×/÷ 1.011 for CT and 1.001 ×/÷ 1.034 for PT. TTX mean CT and PT power (n=14) mean power was 204.0 ± 43.3 W and 208.5 ± 39.2 W, respectively. TTX mean PT power versus CT was significantly higher (p < 0.001) by 8.7 ± 9.4 W (1.05 ×/÷ 1.04). CPX and TTX mean PT distance, speed and cadence (CPX only) were significantly higher (p < 0.05) than CT. RELIABILITY: The 95% coefficient of variation (CV) in CPX mean power (n = 10, V1 vs V2, evaluated during first 10 min) ranged from ×/÷ 1.006 to 1.012 for CT and ×/÷ 1.020 to 1.045 for PT. So, the difference between the measured CT power and ‘true’ value for 95% of observations ranged from 0.6 to 1.2%. Similar results for TTX were noted in power, distance and speed. CONCLUSION CT was a reliable load generator. PT and CT provided reliable, but different measurements of power, speed and distance. Because of these differences, caution should be used when comparing data obtained on one instrument, against the other.
ELASTIC: Improving CNNs With Dynamic Scaling Policies (2019)

Scale variation has been a challenge from traditional to modern approaches in computer vision. Most solutions to scale issues have a similar theme: a set of intuitive and manually designed policies that are generic and fixed (e.g. SIFT or feature pyramid). We argue that the scaling policy should be learned from data. In this paper, we introduce Elastic, a simple, efficient and yet very effective approach to learn a dynamic scale policy from data. We formulate the scaling policy as a non-linear function inside the network's structure that (a) is learned from data, (b) is instance specific, (c) does not add extra computation, and (d) can be applied on any network architecture. We applied Elastic to several state-of-the-art network architectures and showed consistent improvement without extra (sometimes even lower) computation on ImageNet classification, MSCOCO multi-label classification, and PASCAL VOC semantic segmentation. Our results show major improvement for images with scale challenges. Our code is available here: https://github.com/allenai/elastic.
Searching the crystal structure of silicon using the generalized scaled hypersphere search method with the rapid nuclear motion approximation (2020)

Abstract The scaled hypersphere search method with the rapid nuclear motion approximation was applied for the prediction of the crystal structure of silicon. Five well-known structures and one novel structure were found. The space group of the novel structure found is Imma . By comparing this with the three known silicon structures in the same space group, it is found that one of these well-known Imma structures and the novel Imma structure are similar. According to our ab initio calculations based on the projector augmented wave method with the Perdew–Burke–Ernzerhof functional, the novel structure is a semiconductor, with calculated band gap 0.89 eV.