gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Multiple Functionalities of Polyfluorene Grafted with Metal Ion-Intercalated Crown Ether as an Electron Transport Layer for Bulk-Heterojunction Polymer Solar Cells: Optical Interference, Hole Blocking, Interfacial Dipole, and Electron Conduction (2012)

We present a novel electron transport (ET) polymer composed of polyfluorene grafted with a K(+)-intercalated crown ether involving six oxygen atoms (PFCn6:K(+)) for bulk-heterojunction polymer solar cells (PSCs) with regioregular poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) as the donor and indene-C(60) bisadduct (ICBA) or indene-[6,6]-phenyl-C(61)-butyric acid methyl ester (IPCBM) as the acceptor in the active layer and with Al or Ca/Al as the cathode. A remarkable improvement in the power conversion efficiency (PCE) (measured in air) was observed upon insertion of this ET layer, which increased the PCE from 5.78 to 7.5% for a PSC with ICBA and Ca/Al (5.53 to 6.63% with IPCBM) and from 3.87 to 6.88% for a PSC with ICBA and Al (3.06 to 6.21% with IPCBM). This ET layer provides multiple functionalities: (1) it generates an optical interference effect for redistribution of light intensity as an optical spacer; (2) it blocks electron-hole recombination at the interface with the cathode; (3) it forms an interfacial dipole that promotes the vacuum level of the cathode metal; and (4) it enhances electron conduction, as evidenced by (1) the increase in total absorption of 1:1 w/w P3HT:ICBA by a factor of 1.3; (2) the reduction in the hole-only current density profile by a factor of 3.3 at 2.0 × 10(5) V/cm; (3) the decrease of 0.81 eV in the work function of Al from 4.28 to 3.47 eV, as determined by UV photoelectron spectroscopy; and (4) the decrease in the series resistance of PSCs with ICBA and Al by a factor of 4.5, as determined by the current-voltage characteristic under dark conditions; respectively. The PSC of 7.5% is the highest among the reported values for PSC systems with the simplest donor polymer, P3HT.
Yield-aware mask assignment by positive semidefinite relaxation in triple patterning using cut process (2016)

LELECUT type triple patterning lithography is one of the most promising techniques in 14 nm logic node and beyond. To prevent yield loss caused by overlay error, LELECUT mask assignment, which is tolerant to overlay error, is desired. We propose a method that obtains a LELECUT assignment that is tolerant to overlay error. The proposed method uses positive semidefinite relaxation and randomized rounding technique. In our method, the cost function that takes the length of boundary of features determined by the cut mask into account is introduced.
Factors Affecting Wire Stripping Performance of Telephone Company Craftspeople (1981)

Telephone company craftspeople strip insulation from the ends of almost one billion wires per year. We conducted field and laboratory studies to identify and recommend improvements on factors affecting this wire stripping performance. These factors included: user strength characteristics; the size and shape of the stripping pliers; the size, shape, and position of the stripping notch; the stripping motion used by the craftsperson; wire insulation adhesion forces; and allowable stripping forces. A description of these studies and the resultant recommendations are presented.
Drug-induced Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura Successfully Treated with Recombinant Human Soluble Thrombomodulin (2013)

A 61-year-old woman with recurrent non-small cell lung cancer presented with thrombocytopenia, microangiopathic hemolytic anemia, neurological abnormalities, renal failure and a fever that appeared during chemotherapy with gemcitabine and bevacizumab. She was diagnosed with drug-induced thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP). After the discontinuation of chemotherapy, the administration of recombinant human soluble thrombomodulin and fresh-frozen plasma rapidly ameliorated the TTP. Hypertension preceded the onset of TTP and required the administration of quadruple therapy on admission. However, after three months, the hypertension was controllable without anti-hypertensive drugs. Twelve months later, the ninth course of vinorelbine was administered safely, preventing the patient's lung cancer from progressing.
Association of Carnitine Deficiency in Indian Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis Patients with Anemia, Erythropoietin Use, Residual Renal Function, and Diabetes Mellitus (2007)

This study is the first demonstration that Indian dialysis patients have carnitine deficiency.
IRRADIATION‐ENHANCED PHYTOCHROME PELLETABILITY IN AVENA: IN VIVO DEVELOPMENT OF A POTENTIAL TO PELLET AND THE ROLE OF Mg2+ IN ITS EXPRESSION IN VITRO (1978)

Abstract The enhanced phytochrome pelletability that results from in vivo irradiation of Avena shoots may be divided into two operationally defined sequential stages: the in vivo development of a “potential to pellet” and the “expression” of this potential in vitro . Kinetic studies confirm previous findings that the generation of this “potential to pellet” is a very rapid (complete in &lt; 10 s, 25°C), genuinely intracellular process, itself photoreversibly induced by P fr . In addition, it is shown that the sustained development of the “potential to pellet”, that proceeds in the dark at 0°C following a red pulse, requires P fr continually in the cell over the entire development period. Far red light immediately terminates further development of the red‐induced “potential” at any point during the development phase. No immediate reduction is observed, however, in that level of “potential pelletability” already attained at the time of the far red pulse. This indicates that the level of “potential pelletability” established in vivo is insensitive to the form of the pigment at extraction regardless of the level reached. “Expression” of the “potential to pellet” refers to the actual detection in homogenates of an enhanced physical association of phytochrome with pelletable material. Maximum “expression” requires the presence of a divalent cation in the medium during homogenization. Rapid posthomogenization addition of Mg 2+ to Mg 2+ ‐free extracts sustains enhanced pelletability but with rapidly declining effectiveness over the fmt 1–2 min after extraction. The rate of decline is faster if the phytochrome is present as P fr than as P r in the homogenate. Neither these nor previous data permit a distinction to be made between (a) preservation by the cation of a pre‐existing intracellular interaction, and (b) a Mg 2+ ‐mediated induction of an artifactual, in vitro association predetermined in the cell by a genuine phyto‐chrome‐controlled process. Various formalistic models are discussed in the context of these and other data.
Detection and Characterization of Cluster Substructure I. Linear Structure: Fuzzy c-Lines (1981)

In Part I, a generalization of the Fuzzy c-Means (or Fuzzy ISODATA) clustering algorithms is developed. Necessary conditions for minimization of a generalized total weighted squared orthogonal error objective function lead to a Picard iteration scheme which generates simultaneously (i) c fuzzy clusters in the data; (ii) a set of c prototypical straight lines in feature space which best fit the data in a well-defined sense; (iii) a set of c prototpyical centers of mass (on the c lines) which characterize the “core” of each linear fuzzy cluster. Theoretical optimization is achieved using principal components of generalized within cluster fuzzy scatter matrices. A convergence theorem for each algorithm in the infinite family is given. The algorithms are exemplified by five numerical examples using both real and artificial data sets having essentially “linear” substructure. In Part II, the Fuzzy c-Means and Fuzzy c-Lines algorithms are shown to be special cases of a more general class of fuzzy algorithms, the Fuzzy c-Varieties family, which generate (for prototypes) c linear varieties of arbitrary dimension up to dimension one less than the dimension of the data space. Convex combinations of the c-Varieties algorithms will also be studied in Part II [SIAM J. Appl. Math., 40 (1981), pp. 358–372].
Meniscal substitutes – animal experience (1999)

Animal studies have shown that meniscus allografts and tendon autografts generally heal to the capsule, are revascularized and repopulated with host cells. In animals, neither meniscal allografts nor tendon or fat autografts gain the properties of a normal meniscus. Meniscus allografts and tendon autografts are promising as both seem to offer some protection to the cartilage of the tibial plateau. There is no evidence that meniscal transplantation can prevent cartilage degenerative changes, and the long-term effect of meniscal transplantation on articular cartilage remains unknown. Whether cellular repopulation of the meniscal allograft is sufficient to restore its biomechanical properties is unknown. Collagen scaffolds and tissue engineered grafts are still under investigation, showing promising results especially for the former. Viable meniscal allografts should be implanted within 1 to 2 weeks after harvesting, as the production of proteoglycans decreases after 2 weeks.
Improved Vehicle Classification in Long Traffic Video by Cooperating Tracker and Classifier Modules (2006)

Visual surveillance systems intend to extract meaning from a scene. Two initial steps for this extraction are the detection and tracking of objects followed by the classification of these objects. Often times these are viewed as separate problems where each is solved by an individual module. These tasks should not be done individually because they can help one another. This paper demonstrates the benefit gained both in tracking and classification through the communication between these individual modules. This is shown on a real-time system monitoring highway traffic. The system retreives online video at 10 frames/sec and conducts tracking and classification simultaneously. Results show an improvement from 74% to 88% accuracy in classification results.
Fast image reconstruction for fluorescence microscopy (2012)

Real-time image reconstruction is essential for improving the temporal resolution of fluorescence microscopy. A number of unavoidable processes such as, optical aberration, noise and scattering degrade image quality, thereby making image reconstruction an ill-posed problem. Maximum likelihood is an attractive technique for data reconstruction especially when the problem is ill-posed. Iterative nature of the maximum likelihood technique eludes real-time imaging. Here we propose and demonstrate a compute unified device architecture (CUDA) based fast computing engine for real-time 3D fluorescence imaging. A maximum performance boost of 210× is reported. Easy availability of powerful computing engines is a boon and may accelerate to realize real-time 3D fluorescence imaging.
REPORT FROM A KRILL FOCUSED SURVEY WITH RV KRONPRINS HAAKON AND LAND-BASED PREDATOR WORK IN ANTARCTICA DURING 2018/2019 (2019)

The primary objective for this krill research activity was twofold 1) to conduct a survey that provides updated estimates\nof the biomass and distribution of krill which are used in models to estimate sustainable yield in CCAMLR Area 48 and\n2) to develop knowledge on the marine environment essential for the implementation of a Feed-Back Management\n(FBM) system. The survey follows a similar design as a survey initiated by CCAMLR in year 2000 for comparative\npurposes, but in addition focuses on high krill-density areas, contains state-of-the art methods and employs modern\ntechnology for the research topics currently in focus. In terms of FBM, Marine Protected Area (MPA) development in\nCCAMLR Planning Domain 1 encompasses the major krill fishing grounds. Thus, data supporting FBM are critical if the\nfishery is to be managed by an empirical understanding of krill density, distribution, availability and predator needs as\nopposed to purely conservation-based measures. A future developed FBM system, requires acoustic data to be\ncollected, processed and reported continuously during the fishing season as a measure of the available prey field. This\ninformation can be integrated with finer-scale knowledge of krill predator feeding strategies and updated through\nspecific scientific studies at regular (multiyear) intervals. The survey and coupled FBM process studies took place\nduring the Austral summer 2018-2019. The work was coordinated by Norway and involved collaborative international\nefforts as well as vessels from Norway, Association of Responsible Krill fishing companies (ARK) and the Norwegian\nfishing company Aker BioMarine AS, China, Korea, Ukraine and United Kingdom. This report presents preliminary\nresults from the survey performed with the Norwegian RV Kronprins Haakon during 08th January – 24th February 2019\nand the land-based predator research carried out between 21st November 2018 and 20th February 2019.
Using a virtual lab to teach an online information assurance program (2005)

In this paper, we describe the development and implementation of a virtual computer lab for teaching online information assurance classes. This provides an opportunity for students to do hands-on security assignments. Different approaches to providing students with hands-on security assignments are briefly discussed and examples of several assignments are outlined.
Sleep spindles, stress and PTSD: The state of the science and future directions (2023)

Sleep spindles are a signature feature of non-REM (NREM) sleep, with demonstrated relationships to sleep maintenance and learning and memory. Because PTSD is characterized by disturbances in sleep maintenance and in stress learning and memory, there is now a growing interest in examining the role of sleep spindles in the neurobiology of PTSD. This review provides an overview of methods for measuring and detecting sleep spindles as they pertain to human PTSD and stress research, presents a critical review of early findings examining sleep spindles in PTSD and stress neurobiology, and proposes several directions for future research. In doing so, this review underscores the extensive heterogeneity in sleep spindle measurement and detection methods, the wide range of spindle features that may be and have been examined, the many persisting unknowns about the clinical and functional relevance of those features, and the problems considering PTSD as a homogeneous group in between-group comparisons. This review also highlights the progress that has been made in this field and underscores the strong rationale for ongoing work in this area.
Atomic Force Microscope-Based Dissection of Human Metaphase Chromosomes and High Resolutional Imaging by Carbon Nanotube Tip (2002)

The present study was performed to introduce a novel chromosome dissection method employing atomic force microscopy (AFM) in a dynamic force mode for the chemical or molecular biological analysis of tiny chromosomal fragments. After AFM observation of human chromosomes prepared for light microscopy, a region of interest was dissected by increasing the loading force in a series of single-line scans of the target portion by controlling it with the amplitude reference of the tip in a dynamic force mode. The marker gene of the nucleolar organizing region (NOR) was amplified by our designed primers for 5.8S ribosomal DNA. After the dissection, topographic profiles in the section were then obtained with a carbon nanotube (CNT) probe in ambient condition. These results are discussed in relation to a fundamental technology for chromosomal analysis.
Myeloperoxidase-mediated lipoprotein carbamylation as a mechanistic pathway for atherosclerotic vascular disease (2009)

There is an emerging and significant body of research that suggests that MPO (myeloperoxidase) may be a critical mediator in dysfunctional lipoprotein formation and, hence, atherogenic initiation and progression. MPO is a haem peroxidase found in leucocytes and is abundant in macrophages surrounding atherosclerotic lesions. Several lines of evidence support the role of MPO-mediated carbamylation of proteins in atherogenesis. The generic mechanism of MPO-mediated protein carbamylation has been elucidated recently and has been identified as a potentially crucial pathway that links smoking, inflammation and atherogenesis. HDL (high-density lipoprotein) exerts a physiologically beneficial effect of reducing arterial cholesterol deposition; however, there are considerable gaps in current understanding of the molecular basis of dysfunctional HDL formation. Especially deserving of attention is a contextual understanding of dysfunctional pro-atherogenic HDL formation in light of inflammatory changes in atheroma. The present review is especially timely in light of the solved structures of nascent and discoidal HDL and integrates the biochemical significance of MPO carbamylation in the context of these structures. Various avenues of experimental investigation are explored which will be crucial in understanding the vascular consequences of dysfunctional HDL formation and the identification of novel mechanistic pathways in vascular disease. It is anticipated that further knowledge on the intricacies of dysfunctional HDL formation, potentially by an MPO-driven pathway, will lead to considerable progress in identifying novel drug targets for atherosclerosis and characterization of the primary atherogenic process.
Synthesis of carbon‐14 labelled C19‐steroids (1978)

Abstract The carbon‐14 labelled steroids, androsterone‐4‐ 14 C, isoandrosterone‐4‐ 14 C, 5α‐androstanedione‐4‐ 14 C, 5α‐androstane‐3β, 17β‐diol‐4‐ 14 C, and 5α‐androstane‐3α, 17β‐diol‐4‐ 14 C were synthesized from dihydrotestosterone‐4‐ 14 C for use in studies of steroid metabolism.
Combining access technologies to stay best connected (2006)

No single silver bullet acces technology can meet the Broadband for All challenge. A better approach is to use a wide portfolio of different technologies while offering a unified service.
The photochemically initiated hydrogenation of 10-methyl-Δ1(9)-octalin (1968)

J. A. Marshall and A. R. Hochstetler, Chem. Commun. (London), 1968, 296 DOI: 10.1039/C19680000296
Experimental verification of finesse enhancement scheme in two-ring resonator system (2008)

We propose a finesse enhancement scheme by a simple two-ring system, in which the resonance finesse is dependent on the relative intensity buildup of the second ring with respect to the first. In lossless case, it is possible to obtain finesse two orders of magnitude higher than that of the single ring system. The two-ring system is fabricated in silicon-on-insulator using deep UV (DUV) lithography and shown to exhibit the finesse of 100 to 300. The associated finesse enhancement of 20 is in a good agreement with the theory.
Regularized Progressive Expansion Algorithm for Recovery of Scattering Media from Time-Resolved Data (2022)

A principal difficulty encountered in dealing with highly diffused signals is that the inverse problem is ill-posed and often underdetermined. A progressive expansion (PE) algorithm has previously been reported, which has proven to be quite effective in circumventing the underdetermined nature of the inverse problem. However, the PE approach is sensitive to noise. Propagation of errors can become especially severe when evaluating regions deep beneath the surface. Here we describe results of using a Regularized PE (RPE) algorithm, which is shown to exhibit improved stability. The RPE algorithm has been applied to time–resolved data calculated from a perturbation The media tested include isotropically scattering slabs containing one or two compact absorbers at different depths below the surface. The data were corrupted by additive noise with varying strength. Compared to the original PE algorithm, the RPE algorithm has yielded more accurate and stable reconstructions under the same noise level.
Three-dimensional continuous max flow optimization-based serous retinal detachment segmentation in SD-OCT for central serous chorioretinopathy (2017)

Assessment of serous retinal detachment plays an important role in the diagnosis of central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC). In this paper, we propose an automatic, three-dimensional segmentation method to detect both neurosensory retinal detachment (NRD) and pigment epithelial detachment (PED) in spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) images. The proposed method involves constructing a probability map from training samples using random forest classification. The probability map is constructed from a linear combination of structural texture, intensity, and layer thickness information. Then, a continuous max flow optimization algorithm is applied to the probability map to segment the retinal detachment-associated fluid regions. Experimental results from 37 retinal SD-OCT volumes from cases of CSC demonstrate the proposed method can achieve a true positive volume fraction (TPVF), false positive volume fraction (FPVF), positive predicative value (PPV), and dice similarity coefficient (DSC) of 92.1%, 0.53%, 94.7%, and 93.3%, respectively, for NRD segmentation and 92.5%, 0.14%, 80.9%, and 84.6%, respectively, for PED segmentation. The proposed method can be an automatic tool to evaluate serous retinal detachment and has the potential to improve the clinical evaluation of CSC.
A Countermeasure for Ambient Noise in Acoustic Distance Measurement Using Cross-spectrum between 2ch Obsrevations with Analytic Signal Composed of Linear Chirps (2017)

This paper describes a noise reduction method for acoustic distance measurement using cross spectrum between 2ch observations, constructing analytic signal based on cosine and sine linear chirp sound. Specifically, synchronous addition is applied to observed signals themselves or to their cross spectrum.
Effect of trenbolone acetate and zeranol on LH and testosterones responses to LHRH in young double-muscled Belgian bulls (1982)

peer reviewed
<title>Low-dose psoralen and UVA (PUVA) therapy-enhanced arterial shrinkage after balloon angioplasty in rabbits</title> (1998)

Restenosis after balloon angioplasty is caused by both intimal hyperplasia and arterial shrinkage (constrictive remodeling). Previous studies have indicated the inhibitory effect of photodynamic therapy on intimal hyperplasia development after angioplasty. The potential of a photoactivation regime (Psoralen + UVA irradiation: PUVA), which does not cause unwanted systemic side effects, for the prevention of both intimal hyperplasia formation and constrictive remodeling following balloon dilation was explored in the present study. In the rabbit iliac artery, balloon dilation followed by PUVA- therapy at a radiant exposure of 1 J/cm<SUP>2</SUP> was performed (n equals 10). Control balloon dilation was performed in the contralateral arteries (n equals 10). After 4 weeks of survival, angiographic lumen renarrowing was determined in terms of intimal hyperplasia and constrictive remodeling. Late loss, but not intimal hyperplasia, was significantly larger in the PUVA group as compared to the control group (p less than 0.05). This difference in angiographic lumen loss can only be attributed to the difference in constrictive remodeling (arterial shrinkage). Thus, PUVA-therapy did not prevent intimal hyperplasia following balloon dilation. PUVA-therapy even enhanced luminal narrowing by augmented constrictive arterial remodeling.