gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
GIST: An Interactive, GPU-Based Level-Set Segmentation (2004)

While level sets have demonstrated a great potential for 3D medical image segmentation, their usefulness has been limited by two problems. First, 3D level sets are relatively slow to compute. Second, their formulation usually entails several free parameters which can be very difficult to correctly tune for specific applications. The second problem is compounded by the first. This paper describes a new tool for 3D segmentation that addresses these problems by computing level-set surface models at interactive rates. This tool employs two important, novel technologies. First is the mapping of a 3D level-set solver onto a commodity graphics card (GPU). This mapping relies on a novel mechanism for GPU memory management. The interactive rates level-set PDE solver give the user immediate feedback on the parameter settings, and thus users can tune free parameters and control the shape of the model in real time. The second technology is the use of intensity-based speed functions, which allow a user to quickly and intuitively specify the behavior of the deformable model. We have found that the combination of these interactive tools enables users to produce good, reliable segmentations. To support this observation, this paper presents qualitative results from several different datasets as well as a quantitative evaluation from a study of brain tumor segmentations.
A gst gén DNS-demetilált overexpressziója a szürkenyár (Populus x canescens) fitoremediációs kapacitásának növelésére (2008)

A szürkenyár (Populus x canescens) gst (glutation S-transzferáz) génexpresszióját&#13;\nnöveltük meg DHAC-indukált (5,6-dihidro-5'-azacitidin hidroklorid) DNSdemetilációval.&#13;\nHárom klónt vizsgáltunk, a természetes (WT) és két glutationtúltermelő&#13;\n35S-gshI nyárfaklónt (11ggs, 6lgl) RT-qPCR elemzésben. A gst gén&#13;\nmegemelt expressziós szintje a DHAC-kezelt kontroll növényekben 4,9-szeresre&#13;\nemelkedett, amely tovább nőtt paraquat stresszben (11,2-szeres), amely eredmény azt&#13;\nbizonyítja, hogy a DNS demetilációjával az endogén gének expressziós szintje&#13;\nnagyságrendekkel emelhető meg. Ismert, hogy a DNS demetiláció a vegetativ&#13;\nklónokban öröklődik (epigenetikus memória), ezért a demetilációs eljárás (gén upreguláció)&#13;\núj lehetőséget ad stressztűrő nyárfaklónok előállítására. | In the study presented gst (glutathione S-transferase) gene expression levels of&#13;\npoplar (Populus x canescens) were analyzed in response to the DNA demethylating&#13;\nagent DHAC (5,6-dihydro-5'-azacytidine hydrochloride). Aseptic leaf discs cultures of&#13;\nwild type (WT) and two gshI-transgenic clones (6lgl and 11ggs) clones were analyzed&#13;\nby RT-qPCR. High expression levels of DHAC treated control plants (4.9-fold&#13;\nincrement, and a further 11.2-fold increment after paraquat treatment) proves that DNA&#13;\ndemethylation provides powerful tools in gene-upregulation. As DNA methylation&#13;\npatterns are inherited (‘epigenetic memory’) novel poplar plant sources are provided&#13;\nwith increased gst gene expression levels.
A 100MHz to 1GHz, 0.35V to 1.5V Supply 256 x 64 SRAM Block Using Symmetrized 9T SRAM Cell with Controlled Read (2008)

In this paper, we present dynamic voltage and frequency Managed 256 x 64 SRAM block in 65 nm technology, for frequency ranging from 100 MHz to 1 GHz. The total energy is minimized for any operating frequency in the above range and leakage energy is minimized during standby mode. Since noise margin of SRAM cell deteriorates at low voltages, we propose static noise margin improvement circuitry, which symmetrizes the SRAM cell by controlling the body bias of pull down NMOS transistor. We used a 9T SRAM cell that isolates Read and hold noise margin and has less leakage. We have implemented an efficient technique of pushing address decoder into zigzag- super-cut-off in stand-by mode without affecting its performance in active mode of operation. The read bit line (RBL) voltage drop is controlled and pre-charge of bit lines is done only when needed for reducing power wastage.
Traitement thermique uniforme par hystérésis diélectrique des composites (2012)

L'élaboration thermique des composites, souvent isolants, rencontre deux limites de durée et d'espace dues à la diffusion de la chaleur. Ces limites provoquent des gradients de température importants, en fonction de la température externe imposée. Tendre vers l'uniformité est possible par la création de sources de chaleur produites par hystérésis diélectrique. Celle-ci est assurée par les ondes électromagnétiques se propageant en régime monomodal en présence de diélectriques non absorbants. The thermal processus of composites, often insulators, encounter two limits of space and of time due to the diffusion of heat. These limitations cause significant temperature gradients according to the the imposed external temperature . Obtaining uniformity is possible by the creation of heat sources produced by dielectric hysteresis. This is ensured by electromagnetic waves propogating in the presence of
CA2+‐dependent interaction of the trpl cation channel and calmodulin (1999)

The transient receptor potential-like ion channel from Drosophila melanogaster was originally identified as a calmodulin binding protein (Philips et al., 1992) involved in the dipterian phototransduction process. We used a series of fusion proteins and an epitope expression library of transient receptor potential-like fusion proteins to characterize calmodulin binding regions in the transient receptor potential-like channel through the use of [125I]calmodulin and biotinylated calmodulin and identified two distinct sites at the C-terminus of the transient receptor potential-like ion channel. Calmodulin binding site 1, predicted from searching of the primary structure for amphiphilic helices (Philips et al., 1992), covers a 16 amino acid sequence (S710-I725) and could only be detected through biotinylated calmodulin. Calmodulin binding site 2 comprises at least 13 amino acids (K859ETAKERFQRVAR871) and binds both [125I]calmodulin and biotinylated calmodulin. Both sites (i) bind calmodulin at least in a one to one stoichiometry, (ii) differ in their affinity for calmodulin revealing apparent Ki values of 12.3 nM (calmodulin binding site 1) and 1.7 nM (calmodulin binding site 2), respectively, (iii) bind calmodulin only in the presence of Ca2+ with 50% of site 1 and site 2, respectively, occupied by calmodulin in the presence of 0.1 microM (calmodulin binding site 1) and 3.3 microM Ca2+ (calmodulin binding site 2) and give evidence that (iv) a Ca2+-calmodulin-dependent mechanism contributes to transient receptor potential-like cation channel modulation when expressed in CHO cells.
TiO2/BiVO4 Nanowire Heterostructure Photoanodes Based on Type II Band Alignment (2016)

Metal oxides that absorb visible light are attractive for use as photoanodes in photoelectrosynthetic cells. However, their performance is often limited by poor charge carrier transport. We show that this problem can be addressed by using separate materials for light absorption and carrier transport. Here, we report a Ta:TiO2|BiVO4 nanowire photoanode, in which BiVO4 acts as a visible light-absorber and Ta:TiO2 acts as a high surface area electron conductor. Electrochemical and spectroscopic measurements provide experimental evidence for the type II band alignment necessary for favorable electron transfer from BiVO4 to TiO2. The host-guest nanowire architecture presented here allows for simultaneously high light absorption and carrier collection efficiency, with an onset of anodic photocurrent near 0.2 V vs RHE, and a photocurrent density of 2.1 mA/cm(2) at 1.23 V vs RHE.
[Radiation protection effect of rhIL-12 on monkey hematopoietic system]. (2013)

This study was aimed to investigate the radioprotective effects of recombinant human interleukin-12 (rhIL-12) on monkey hematopoietic system, and to provide experimental evidence for future clinical prophylaxis and treatment for patients who suffered from acute radiation syndrome. In in vitro study, the effect of rhIL-12 in different concentrations (0, 1, 5, 25, 125 and 625 ng/ml) on colony forming capacity of human or monkey bone marrow-derived mononuclear cells was examined in methylcellulose H4434 medium. In in vivo study, the acute radiation syndrome model was established in 11 Rhesus monkeys which received lethal total body irradiation by 6 Gy (60)Co γ in single time irradiation. The irradiated monkeys were randomly divided into 3 subgroups: control group (n = 4) which received subcutaneous PBS injection, rhIL-12 single-dose group (n = 3) which received subcutaneous single injection of rhIL-12 (4 µg/kg) at 2 h after irradiation, and multiple-dose group (n = 4) which received subcutaneous injection of rhIL-12 (1 µg/kg per injection) at 2 h, day 3, 6 and 9 after irradiation respectively. Peripheral blood cells were counted before and after irradiation every other day. The survival status of animals were observed daily. In vitro test results showed that different concentrations of rhIL-12 obviously promoted human and healthy monkeys' bone marrow mononuclear cells to form various hematopoietic progenitor cell colonies, especial CFU-E and CFU-GM. All animals in control group died within 22 d after lethal total body irradiation, average survival time was (20.3 ± 1.2) d. Only one monkey in multiple-dose group died due to anemia on day 17. All monkeys in single-dose group survived. Compared with control group, rhIL-12-administrated monkeys' white blood cell count, hemoglobin level, platelet and reticulocyte counts showed faster recovery from high dose radiation. It is concluded that the rhIL-12 treatment can promote the bone marrow hematopoietic stem/progenitor cell colony formation in vitro and protect lethally-irradiated monkeys. There is an obvious therapeutic effect of rhIL-12 on monkeys suffered from bone marrow failure caused by severe acute radiation exposure.
Estimation of Clock Offsets and Skews in Wireless Sensor Networks Using Three-Way Message Exchange (2019)

Performance of a wireless sensor network (WSN) depends on synchronism of clocksat sensor nodes. These clocks need to be synchronized for a network-wide, common time reference. Existingapproachesto WSN synchronizationignore time-stampsthat wereexchanged during the synchronization process,leading undesirably to estimation errors in clock offsets and skews. This paper proposes an accurate method, called three-way message exchange,to estimate clock offsets and skews using maximum likelihood estimation, where transmission and processing delayshavea Gaussian distribution.In this method, each node sends and receives time-stamps to and from the other nodes, thereby improving timing accuracy of all nodes in the network.Performance of the proposed method is evaluated through simulation of biases.Three-way message exchange is found to be accurate and achievenegligibly smallbiases, confirming its practical applications to WSNs.
Roentgenographic Visualization and Measurement of Skin (1964)

Radiographic examination of the skin has attracted little attention. In standard textbooks of radiology, the chapters on soft-tissue radiography are mainly concerned with fat, muscle, and calcification. Such lack of interest is at least partly due to easy access to the skin by established dermatologie methods. Nevertheless, the estimation of its thickness by palpation is understandably inaccurate, and in the available literature no radiographic technic of measurement has been described. Such a method would provide a simple, rapid, painless, and inexpensive means of measuring skin thickness and would enable accurate studies of changes as they relate to sex, aging, complexion, exposure to sunlight, and perhaps certain morbid conditions. The purpose of this paper is to describe some relatively simple methods for visualization and accurate measurement of skin thickness and to give some preliminary results on their application. Theoretical Development And Methods The epidermis and corium have approximately the same roentgen absorption, and together they appear in the roentgenogram as a zone of decreased photographic density (hereafter referred to as “skin”), delineated internally by the subcutaneous fat. Skin thickness varies considerably in different parts of the body, and the site of observation should therefore be strictly standardized. In this work, the radial aspect of the right forearm was chosen. Since the epidermal thickness of the forearm measures only about 40 to 80 microns (5), the roentgenographic method will largely determine the thickness of the corium layer. Inadequate visualization of the skin in standard roentgenograms seems to be due to: (a) the marked difference in roentgen absorption between the fat and the air on each side of the skin and (b) the rounded outline of the skin surface resulting in a photographic density gradient near the surfaces tangential to the roentgen beam. Roentgen absorption in various tissue layers of an extremity surrounded by air is schematically indicated in Figure 1A. The calculated absorption curve (a) shows that the darker appearance on film of the zone of subcutaneous fat is largely an optical illusion, mainly due to a small difference in roentgen absorption in a narrow zone at the skin-fat margin (S-F on the magnified portion of the absorption curve in the insert of Fig. 1A), but to a certain extent also caused by a contrast effect of the lighter muscle density on the other side of the subcutaneous fat. Densitometrie readings (d), indicated by A, S, F, and M in the same graph to designate photographic densities of air, skin, fat, and muscle, respectively, closely conformed to the calculated absorption curve, thus proving the existence of lower photographic density in the central zone of subcutaneous fat than in the skin, in the 40 to 45 kvp range used in this technic. In the same diagram the principal effects of two different roentgen exposures on blackening of the roentgen film are shown.
Efficient atomic broadcast using deterministic merge (2000)

We present an approach for merging message streams from producers distributed over a network, using a deterministic algorithm that is independent of any nondeterminism of the system, such as the amount of time the messages are delayed by the network, or their arrival order. Thus, if this algorithm is replicated at multiple “mergers”, then each merger will merge the message streams in exactly the same way. The technique is therefore a solution to atomic broadcast and global atomic multicast [12]. We assume that each producer has access to (approximately) synchronized clocks and can estimate the expected message rates of all producers. We propose an algorithm, called the Bias Algorithm. To measure the performance of the Bias Algorithm, we assume that messages are generated by memoryless processes operating at known message rates, and we measure the expected total merge delay at a given time L. For the case of two producer processes, we give optimal algorithms in this metric, and show that the optimal algorithm converges to our Bias algorithm when L ⇒ ∞. We reconfirm our optimality result using Dynamic Programming theory, and we use simulations to validate the robustness of this optimality result under more realistic conditions.
Finite element calculation and measurement of thermal stresses in quenched plates of high–strength 7075 aluminium alloy (1985)

Thick parts of high–strength aluminium alloys usually undergo a drastic quench which gives rise to thermal stresses and may cause distortion of products. The control of complex phenomena involved during quenching is achieved by determining the temperature distribution, thermal strains, and residual stresses using the MARC finite element program. In this approach, the thermo mechanical problem is assumed to be uncoupled, i.e. the thermal and mechanical calculations are solved consecutively. First a non–linear heat transfer analysis is performed taking the temperature dependence of the thermophysical properties and transient conditions of convection at the surface of the plate into account. This is followed by a thermo–elastoplastic stress analysis using the predicted temperature distributions, assuming an isotropic behaviour of the material and taking the temperature dependence of its mechanical properties into account. The calculation of thermal stresses occurring during the cold and hot water quenching of a 70 mm thick plate of 7075 alloy using this method shows a good agreement between theoretical predictions and experimental values of residual stresses, as measured by the layer removal method.MST/2
Development of a Pedestrian Navigation System for the Visually Impaired with QZSS and RFID (2016)

It is extremely hard for the visually impaired to walk strange places because it is very difficult to know where they are and the direction to move toward the destination. In addition the existing navigation system is not easy to use for the visually impaired because it is developed for sighted people. In this paper, the pedestrian navigation system for the visually impaired was developed. The high-precision positioning by UHF band RFID and QZSS (Quasi-Zenith Satellite System) called "MICHIBIKI" and the route search algorithms for the visually impaired were studied. The navigation system is operated just two buttons and voice recognition for easy operation. The visually impaired gets the route guidance by voice from the speaker of the system. The results of substantiative experiments with the system inside and outside a building of railway station were also reported in this paper.
Ultra-Long Pharmacokinetic Properties of Insulin Degludec are Comparable in Elderly Subjects and Younger Adults with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (2013)

The exposure of IDeg at steady state during once-daily dosing was similar in younger adult and elderly subjects. The glucose-lowering effect of IDeg was numerically lower in elderly subjects compared with younger adults, but no significant differences were observed between age groups. The ultra-long pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of IDeg observed in younger adults were preserved in elderly subjects with type 1 diabetes. Clinical trials.gov number: NCT00964418.
Membrane Technology: A Practical Guide to Membrane Technology and Applications in Food and Bioprocessing (2010)

Membrane technology is a rapidly developing area, with key growth across the process sector, including biotech separation and biomedical applications (e.g. haemodialysis, artificial lungs), through to large scale industrial applications in the water and waste-water processing and the food and drink industries. As processes mature, and the cost of membranes continues to dramatically reduce, so their applications and use are set to expand. Process engineers need access to the latest information in this area to assist with their daily work and to help to develop and apply new and ever more efficient liquid processing solutions. This book covers the latest technologies and applications, with contributions from leading figures in the field. Throughout, the emphasis is on delivering solutions to practitioners. Real world case studies and data from leading organizations - including Cargill, Lilly, Microbach, ITT - mean this book delivers the latest solutions as well as a critical working reference to filtration and separation professionals. It covers the latest technologies and applications in this fast moving bioprocessing sector. it presents a wide range of case studies that ensure readers benefit from the hard-won experience of others, saving time, money and effort. It features a world class author team headed up by the Chair of Chemical Engineering at Oxford University, UK and the VP of Plant Operations and Process Technology at Cargill Corp, the food services company and largest privately owned company in the US.
Citrate transport in proximal cell line (1992)

Citrate uptake into kidney proximal tubules occurs via an apical dicarboxylate transporter and a poorly characterized process in the basolateral membrane. We used OK cells, a cell line derived from opossum kidney, to study citrate transport in proximal tubule-like cells. Citrate uptake into cell monolayers was studied using [14C]citrate with [3H]mannitol as a volume marker. Citrate uptake into these cells was sodium dependent and saturable with increasing concentrations of citrate. In contrast to previous models, citrate transport was altered minimally by changes in pH from 6.2 to 7.0 and increased at pH 7.4 to 7.8. A variety of di- and tricarboxylates were tested for interaction with citrate transport. The dicarboxylates succinate, malate, and oxaloacetate at 1 mM concentration inhibited citrate uptake minimally (uptake at least 80% of control); one dicarboxylate, alpha-ketoglutarate, did inhibit citrate uptake significantly. In contrast, the tricarboxylates isocitrate and tricarballylate inhibited citrate uptake significantly, indicating probable competitive inhibition with the transport process. These characteristics are distinctly different from those of the apical membrane dicarboxylate transporter. 1,2,3-Benzenetricarboxylic acid, an inhibitor of the mitochondrial tricarboxylate transporter, did not alter citrate uptake. In conclusion, the OK proximal cell line exhibits a novel citrate transport process compared with the apical transport of citrate described in most proximal systems. This transport process probably involves the trivalent species of citrate in contrast to the usual predominant transport of divalent citrate. This transport process may represent a process similar to that in the basolateral membrane of the proximal tubule.
Cholinergic mechanisms--tenth international symposium. 1-5 September 1998, Arcachon, France. (1998)

This meeting, the tenth in a series of conferences that was established in Stockholm in 1970, focused on fundamental and applied aspects of processes involving acetylcholine (ACh) as a neurotransmitter. The role of cholinergic mechanisms in central and peripheral nervous systems, sensory organs and muscles was addressed. Several deficiencies in neuromuscular cholinergic neurotransmission were discussed, including myasthenia gravis and the genetic basis of inherited myasthenic syndromes. In the brain, cholinergic communication is central to basic processes, such as sleep, arousal and memory, addiction to nicotine and various neurological and psychiatric disorders, including dementia and certain epilepsies. Cholinergic drugs are currently in use, or in advanced stages of development, for the chronic treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and myasthenia gravis, as well as for the treatment of acute intoxication with organophosphate or carbamate inhibitors of the ACh hydrolyzing enzyme acetyl-cholinesterase (AChE). AChE inhibitors include commonly used insecticides, but also the infamous nerve agents; therefore, the ill-defined Gulf War Syndrome was also discussed. The meeting became the venue where basic mechanisms and the structure-function properties of key molecules involved in cholinergic neurotransmission were discussed in view of their implications for toxicology, pharmacology, medicine and the environment. The presentations in this meeting were all collected, edited by Dr Jean Massoulié (Ecole Normale Superieure, Paris, France) and published by Elsevier (ISBN:2-84299-065-X) in September, 1998. In the following report, the aspects of this meeting that are closely related to drug development and use are covered.
THE ROLE OF HYPOTENSION/HYPOXIA IN SEVERE. PEDIATRIC HEAD INJURY (1993)

Wald, Steven L. M.D.; Shackford, Steven R. M.D.; Vane, Dennis W. M.D. Author Information
Optical Multilevel Signaling Technologies with Direct-Detection (2009)

An optical direct-detection scheme, the combination of the intensity detection and delay-interferometric