gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Vestigial ornithine transcarbamylase activity does not impair ureagenesis in Otc spf‐ash mice (2006)

Mouse models for urea cycle (UC) disorders have been available for the past 30 years; however, until now no measurements of urea entry rate (UER) in vivo have been conducted. The purpose of this research was the study of urea metabolism in conscious Otcspf-ash mice, a model of ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency, under defined nitrogen load conditions. UER was determined in mutant and littermate controls by a primed-continuous infusion of 15N15N urea. A saline infusion control, a complete mixture of amino acids (AA) or a Glycine-Alanine (GA) mixture were infused at 0 (Saline), 86 (AA1, GA1) and 172 mg N kg−1 h−1 (AA2, GA2) to impose a defined nitrogen load on the UC. UER and plasma urea concentration (PU) increased (P < 0.001) as a consequence of the increase in level of infusion of the complete mixture of amino acids, but no difference (P = 0.96, P = 0.44, respectively) between the two genotypes was detected. The infusion of the GA mixture, however, decreased the PU (P < 0.001) and UER in Otcspf-ash compared to controls. At the higher level (GA2) UER was further depressed (P < 0.001) and Otcspf-ash mice became hyperammonemic (1701±150 μM). An acute hepatic enlargement (P < 0.001) was also evident in Otcspf-ash mice infused with GA2. The present results show that despite very low OTC activity, Otcspf-ash mice were able to maintain UER at the same rate as control animals, if arginine or UC intermediates were provided. This implies that there is a hepatic requirement for these UC intermediates to sustain ammonia detoxification and urea production in Otcspf-as mice.
Segmentation-assisted edge extraction algorithms for SEM images (2006)

Photomask inspection requires a combination of high resolution and high throughput. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) has excellent resolution but at high throughput yields noisy images. Hence we are developing algorithms for extracting pattern information from noisy SEM images. One big challenge in processing SEM images is edge extraction. SEM images have their own characteristics so many existing edge extraction algorithms based on gradient signal analysis do not work well in that they either yield strong signal for non-edge areas or yield weak signal for true edge areas. We describe several new edge extraction algorithms targeting noisy SEM images. The essence of these new algorithms is analyzing the "ridge" signal, i.e., the bright stripes. We first propose edge extraction based on second-order polynomial regression. Based on the observation that the pixel values around edges in SEM images behave approximately as second-order polynomial functions of coordinates, we compute the "ridge" signal using the coefficients of such polynomial functions obtained from regression. This algorithm generally yields very accurate estimation of the edge locations, especially for straight edges. In the approach based on second-order polynomial regression, it is implicitly assumed that the edge is (approximately) straight. We thus propose a further improvement on this algorithm and assume that edge shapes can be well approximated by second-order curves, even at sharp turns. This approximation leads to a fourth-order polynomial regression with better performance around edges with a sharp turn. A third algorithm is based on image segmentation. Image segmentation, which is mostly used in image content analysis, is defined as the partition of a digital image into multiple regions (sets of pixels) so that the objects of interest are separated from the background. In our approach, we adapt image segmentation to edge extraction. In particular, we apply a fast segmentation algorithm to separate the bright area from the dark area, and use the difference of average pixel values as the "ridge" signal. The advantage of this approach is that no assumption on the edge shape is involved and the computational complexity is low. Finally, we propose a hybrid algorithm combining the segmentation approach and the polynomial regression approach, yielding a "segmentation-assisted" algorithm that incorporates the advantages of both approaches. Simulation on a wide range of SEM image types yields quite satisfactory results, even for very noisy images. We will present detailed algorithm flows and demonstrate extraction results from real images.
Preparation of Submicron Polypyrrole/Poly(methyl methacrylate) Coaxial Fibers and Conversion to Polypyrrole Tubes and Carbon Tubes (2006)

In an effort to prepare electrically conductive nanofiber and nanotube materials, polypyrrole/poly(methyl methacrylate) coaxial fibers have been prepared using polymer fibers produced from an electrospinning process. Poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) fibers with an average diameter of 230 nm were initially fabricated by electrospinning as core materials. The PMMA fibers were subsequently coated as templates with a thin layer of polypyrrole (PPy) by in-situ deposition of the conducting polymer from aqueous solution. Hollow PPy tubes were produced by dissolution of the PMMA core from PPy/PMMA coaxial fibers. High-temperature (1000 degrees C) treatment under inert atmosphere converted PPy/PMMA coaxial fibers into carbon tubes by complete decomposition of PMMA fiber core and carbonization of the PPy wall. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and FT-IR spectroscopy confirmed the formation of the PPy/PMMA coaxial fibers, PPy tubes, and carbon tubes.
Purification of SERCA1a Ca2+-ATPase mutants expressed in yeast. (2003)

International audience
A Randomized Controlled Trial of Nebulized Gentamicin in Non–Cystic Fibrosis Bronchiectasis (2010)

Regular, long-term nebulized gentamicin is of significant benefit in non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis but treatment needs to be continuous for its ongoing efficacy. Clinical trial registered with www.clinicaltrials.gov (NCT 00749866).
Permeation of vegetable oils and slippery properties of extrusion coated paperboard (2022)

Abstract Due to the ability of oils to penetrate into the structure of polymers, it is possible to create slippery surfaces with low water droplet sliding angles based on polymer coatings. Polylactic acid, polybutylene succinate and low‐density polyethylene extrusion coatings were used as such surfaces in this study. The process of penetration of vegetable oils into the polymers was studied with the subsequent investigation of slippery behaviour of such system. Cottonseed oil and castor oil showed promising properties as lubricants. For oil infused polymer surfaces the water droplet sliding angles were significantly lower than for the untreated extrusion coating. The penetration of the permeant into the upper layers of the coating was confirmed by alteration of the static water contact angle, sliding angle and also by the cross section images. LDPE extrusion coating infused with castor oil showed the lowest water sliding angle − 8°. Biopolymers, being a main focus in this study, exhibited also promising results, PLA reached sliding angle of 14° with both olive and castor oil. Dependence of polymer permeability on various factors is rather complex and the wide range of oils used in this work helps to interpret the barrier performance of the studied materials. Degree of bond saturation, viscosity and polarity were found to influence mostly on the oil permeation through the studied polymers.
Microfabrication and optical study of reactive ion etched InGaAsP/InP and GaAs/GaAlAs quantum wires (1990)

Microfabrication of reactive ion etched InGaAsP/InP and GaAs/GaAlAs quantum wire structures with dimensions down to 30 nm has been achieved. From time-resolved photoluminescence, the importance of surface recombination effects is outlined in both systems. It is shown that the use of epitaxial overgrowth leads to a significant increase of the carrier lifetime in GaAs/GaAlAs wires, so that emission of very narrow wires (width&amp;lt;40 nm) can be detected. The possible assignment of the observed shifts of the cw photoluminescence peak energies to additional lateral confinement effects is discussed.
Two-photon spectral coherency matrix and multi-parameter optical entanglement (2007)

We introduce the concept of two-photon spectral coherency matrix and the spectral two-photon Stokes parameters as a counterpart to the classical coherency matrix of broadband polarized light. We discuss its use for characterizing frequency-polarization optical entanglement.
Catalytic Transformation of Lignin for the Production of Chemicals and Fuels (2015)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEReviewNEXTCatalytic Transformation of Lignin for the Production of Chemicals and FuelsChangzhi Li†, Xiaochen Zhao†, Aiqin Wang†, George W. Huber†‡, and Tao Zhang*†View Author Information† State Key Laborotary of Catalysis, iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials), Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China‡ Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States*(Tao Zhang) Fax: (+) 86 411 84691570; Tel: (+) 86 411 84379015; E-mail: [email protected]Cite this: Chem. Rev. 2015, 115, 21, 11559–11624Publication Date (Web):October 19, 2015Publication History Received19 March 2015Published online19 October 2015Published inissue 11 November 2015https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acs.chemrev.5b00155https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemrev.5b00155review-articleACS PublicationsCopyright © 2015 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views40846Altmetric-Citations2197LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Aromatic compounds,Biopolymers,Catalysts,Hydrocarbons,Organic polymers Get e-Alerts
Lithography-based Additive Manufacturing of Customized Bioceramic Parts for Medical Applications (2013)

In the current study, materials and systems for the fabrication of customized bioceramic parts by using lithography-based additive manufacturing techniques (AMT) are presented. By using this modified system based on digital mirror devices, which relies on a selectively polymerization of a photosensitive ceramic filled resin, structures with a resolution of 40 µm can be generated. By modifying the working DLP-system (Digital Light Processing) a resolution of 25 µm could be reached. The building volume ranges from 77 x 43 x 115 mm to 115 x 65 x 160 mm, depending on the used optics. Photocurable ceramic suspensions with a high solid loading of ceramic powders can be processed. Depending on the ceramic powder and the field of application, delicate bioceramic parts with coordinated properties made of alumina, tricalcium phosphate (TCP) or bioactive glass were fabricated and characterized.
Accurate Impedance Measurement and Implementation of a Folded Dipole Antenna for RFID Tags (2009)

Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) has become very popular in various applications such as parcel and document tracking, animal tracking, distribution logistics, and so on. Among several elements in an RFID system, a tag, which contains digital information, is one of the most critical elements. An RFID tag is mainly composed of a tag chip and a tag antenna. In order to realize a high-performance RFID tag, an accurate impedance measurement of a tag antenna is one of the key design issues because the tag performance is heavily dependent on conjugate matching characteristic between a chip and an antenna. In other words, the antenna has a conjugate impedance of the chip in order to deliver maximum power from the antenna to the chip which has very high capacitive characteristic. Several research groups have proposed the methods of measuring the impedance of a balanced antenna which is the most common RFID antenna configuration. By employing a balun or imaging method, we can obtain the impedance of a balanced antenna [1],[2]. However, accuracy relies heavily on the balun characteristic and the size of the ground plane. Other methods to use the measured S-parameter have been proposed recently [3]-[5] by employing microstrip lines or coaxial cables as test fixtures. In this paper, we present the accurate measurement method of differential mode impedance for a balanced antenna with the test fixture. Based on an accurate impedance of a commercial tag strap, the meander-line folded dipole antenna in UHF band is designed and implemented on a PET film.
SUSCEPTIBILITY OF IMMUNODEFICIENT GENE-KNOCKOUT MICE TO URINARY TRACT INFECTION (1999)

These data support an important role for gammadelta-T cells and IFN-gamma in resistance to UTI in mice.
Coupled-inductor inversion, rectification and cycloconversion (1986)

A new PWM approach using three state switching of negatively coupled inductors can be applied to any basic dc-to-dc converter to form single-phase dc-to-ac inverters. Current reference programming gives improvements in linearity, small-signal dynamics, and pulsed-load response. The current programming loops of the flyback and boost inverters are stable at all operating points. New multiple output magnetic structures are introduced that apply space and time multiplexing of magnetics to give non-interacting outputs. The magnetics are analysed for different operating conditions. The inverters with two independent outputs are derived by use of the multiple output magnetics. These are used to form the three-phase versions of the inverters, The corresponding three-phase ac-to-dc rectifiers are also derived with close to ideal current waveforms as well as power factor correction capabilities. Finally, to complete the family of power converters the polyphase ac-to-ac cycloconverters are derived incorporating the qualities of both the inverters and the rectifiers.
Realistic Cracks for In-Service Inspection Qualification Mock-ups (2003)

One of the essential requirements for in-service inspection qualification is the representativeness of the defects used. The best representativeness is achieved with realistic defects. However, present techniques for artificial defect production in NDT test mock-ups are not able to produce defects truly representative of real flaws. Defects manufactured, for example, by weld implantation or by creating weld solidification defect always result in one or more extra weld interfaces in the test piece. These interfaces can be easily detected by NDT. In order to avoid this problem there is a need for development of better defect manufacturing techniques. A new method for producing realistic artificial flaws is presented. The method is based on thermal fatigue and enables production of real cracks directly in the mock-ups used for NDT in-service inspection qualification without welding or machining. Single crack or network of cracks can be induced in the base material, welded areas, threaded areas, Tjoints and so on without artificial crack initiators. The location, orientation and size of produced cracks can be accurately adjusted. The produced cracks can be used to simulate different types of in-service induced cracks such as thermal and mechanical fatigue cracks.
Scanned probe investigations of chemically derived nanostructures (1996)

We discuss the use of a conducting-tip atomic force microscope (AFM) for the imaging and electrical measurement of chemically derived nanostructures. First, scanning probe microscopy of CdSe and Au nanocrystals bound to a substrate with a self assembled monolayer will be discussed. It is found that imaging in liquids is necessary to avoid removing the nanocrystals. We then address some issues in performing electrical measurements in liquids. In particular, we examine the conducting properties of the AFM tip when imaging a flat surface, highly oriented pyrolytic graphite, in a non-polar liquid, hexadecane. We find that the solvation layers between the tip and the substrate strongly influence the electrical properties.
MPEG-compliant entropy decoding on FPGA-augmented TriMedia/CPU64 (2003)

The paper presents a Design Space Exploration (DSE) experiment which has been carried out in order to determine the optimum FPGA-based Variable-Length Decoder (VLD) computing resource and its associated instructions, with respect to an entropy decoding task which is to be executed on the FPGA-augmented TriMedia/CPU64 processor We first outline the extension of the TriMedia/CPU64 architecture, which consists of an FPGA-based Reconfigurable Functional Unit (RFU) and the associated generic instructions. Then we address entropy decoding and propose a strategy to partially break the data dependency related to variable-length decoding. Three VLDs (VLD-1, VLD-2, VLD-3) instructions which can return 1, 2, or 3 symbols, respectively, are subsequently analyzed. After completing the DSE, we determined that VLD-2 instruction leads to the most efficient entropy decoding in terms of instruction cycles and FPGA area. The FPGA-based implementation of the computing resource associated to VLD-2 instruction is subsequently presented. When mapped on an ACEX EP1K100 FPGA from Altera, VLD-2 exhibits a latency of 8 TriMedia cycles, and uses all the Electronic Array Blocks and 51% of the logic cells of the device. The simulation results indicate that the VLD-2-based entropy decoder is 43% faster than its pure software counterpart.
Supplementary Figures 1 - 3 from Preclinical Evaluation of the WEE1 Inhibitor MK-1775 as Single-Agent Anticancer Therapy (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 724K, S1. MK-1775 treatment inhibits proliferation in diverse tumor cell lines. S2. DNA damage induction by MK-1775 treatment requires mitogen stimulation. S3. The MK-1775 response of three sensitive cell lines.&lt;/p&gt;
Tracking airborne CO2 mitigation and low cost transformation into valuable carbon nanotubes (2016)

Primary evidence of the direct uptake of atmospheric CO2 and direct transformation into carbon nanotubes, CNTs, is demonstrated through isotopic labeling, and provides a new high yield route to mitigate this greenhouse gas. CO2 is converted directly to CNTs and does not require pre-concentration of the airbone CO2. This C2CNT (CO2 to carbon nanotube) synthesis transforms CO2-gas dissolved in a 750 °C molten Li2CO3, by electrolysis, into O2-gas at a nickel electrode, and at a steel cathode into CNTs or carbon or nanofibers, CNFs. CNTs are synthesized at a 100-fold price reduction compared to conventional chemical vapour deposition, CVD, synthesis. The low cost conversion to a stable, value-added commodity incentivizes CO2 removal to mitigate climate change. The synthesis allows morphology control at the liquid/solid interface that is not available through conventional CVD synthesis at the gas/solid interface. Natural abundance (12)CO2 forms hollow CNTs, while equivalent synthetic conditions with heavier (13)CO2 favours closed core CNFs, as characterized by Raman, SEM and TEM. Production ease is demonstrated by the first synthesis of a pure (13)C multiwalled carbon nanofiber.
Effect of physical form of diet on ruminal microbial and metabolic development in young calves (1990)

Eight, ruminally cannulated, newborn, Holstein, bull calves were assigned to receive either finely ground or unground (chopped hay and normally ground grain) diet to study the effects of diet form on ruminal microbial and metabolic development. The difference in diet particle size caused a difference in ruminal pH and a shift in the bacterial population, as evidenced by decreased cellulolytic and increased amylolytic bacterial counts for the ground diet.; Dairy Day, 1990, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 1990; The 1990 Annual KSU Dairy Day is known as Dairy Day, 1990
A role for sigma binding in the antipsychotic profile of BMY 14802? (1993)

BMY 14802 was identified as a potential antipsychotic drug in traditional model systems, and this identification was confirmed in modern behavioral and electrophysiological systems. The drug appears to be atypical as an antipsychotic in its lack of activity in models predictive of the potential to produce extrapyramidal side effects and tardive dyskinesia. Indeed, this suggestion is corroborated by clinical findings to date. The atypical profile of BMY 14802 extends to its neurochemical actions and appears to find its basis in regionally selective, indirect modulation of the dopamine system. Furthermore, BMY 14802 exhibits interactions with sigma binding sites in vitro and in vivo, a notion supported by data from neurophysiological, behavioral, and biochemical investigations. BMY 14802 also appears to be neuroprotective in some model systems and may have utility in the treatment of stroke (Boissard et al. 1991). BMY 14802 appears to interact with 5-HT1A receptors, but this interaction does not seem to contribute significantly to the potential antipsychotic actions of the drug. Moreover, the formation of active metabolites of BMY 14802 does not appear to occur in animals or humans to an extent of physiological or behavioral relevance. If clinically efficacious, BMY 14802 may treat the symptoms of schizophrenia by a mechanism novel for antipsychotic drugs: regionally selective, indirect modulation of dopaminergic systems by specific interaction at sigma sites.
A new projection based algorithm for low sidelobe pattern synthesis in adaptive arrays (1997)

The primary objective of adaptive beamforming is to suppress jamming signals while maintaining the response of the array in the desired signal direction. It is also desirable to obtain low sidelobes in the adaptive beam pattern and to minimise sidelobe jitter in order to aid the performance against clutter and pulsed deception jammers. Sample matrix inversion (SMI) is one of the simplest adaptive beamforming algorithms, involving minimisation of the average output power for a set of input data vectors (snapshots), subject to constraints on the beam pattern. However, the basic SMI algorithm tends to produce beam patterns with high sidelobes away from the jammer directions and considerable weight and sidelobe jitter. Penalty function methods as given in Hughes and McWhirter (see SPIE Proc.2563, p.170-81) and methods based on subspace projection e.g. Richardson (see Proc. of EUSIPCO-94, vol.3, p.1301-4, 1994), are two types of method which can be used to overcome the problem of high sidelobes and weight jitter while maintaining an acceptable signal to noise plus interference ratio (SNIR). This paper presents a new algorithm, which has been termed `constrained adaptive beam pattern synthesis' (CAPS). It is a projection based algorithm which incorporates the pattern fitting element of penalty function methods in order to obtain the best possible sidelobe levels. It therefore combines the benefits of subspace and penalty function approaches. Following an explanation of the algorithm, an investigation of its performance in the presence of mainlobe and sidelobe jamming is presented.