gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
[Antitumor activity of new derivatives of camptothecin]. (1987)

With the purpose of obtaining more potent and less toxic camptothecin (CPT) analogs, we prepared many derivatives of CPT. Among them, 7-ethyl-CPT (SN 22) and 7-ethyl-10-hydroxy-CPT (SN 38) showed strong antitumor activity with less toxicity. They were, however, insoluble and when they were made soluble, their activity was markedly diminished, as a result of cleavage of the delta-lactone ring. We therefore attempted to make soluble derivatives without breaking the delta-lactone ring and obtained 7-ethyl-10-[4-(1-piperidino)-1-piperidino]-carbonyloxy-CPT (CPT-11), which showed very strong antitumor activity by i.p., i.v. or p.o. administration against the ascites type of L1210 leukemia, P388 leukemia, sarcoma 180, Meth A fibrosarcoma, B16 melanoma, Ehrlich carcinoma and MH134 hepatoma and the solid type of sarcoma 180, Meth A fibrosarcoma, Lewis lung carcinoma, C3H/HeN mammary carcinoma, Ehrlich carcinoma and MH134 hepatoma. The antileukemic activity of CPT-11 against L1210 was much higher than that of adriamycin. The acute toxicity of CPT-11 was extremely low, particularly in the case of oral administration, the LD50 being 765.3 mg/kg, 22 times greater than that of CPT-Na.
Disruption in colonic polypectomy: rocking the trend (2019)

Endoscopic resection is well established as first-line management of benign colorectal polyps. Even though a “complete cut” and a “safe cut” are cornerstones of colonoscopic resection, the risk of incomplete resection of large flat polyps is as high as 31 % [1]. Unless we assure high rates of complete (R0) endoscopic resection, patients may continue to be referred to surgery for fear of recurrence and cancer development [2].
Application of Food By‐Products in Medical and Pharmaceutical Industries (2017)

The food processing sector, like other natural resource-based processing industries, gives rise to organic waste, leading to environmental, economic and legal concerns regarding the disposal of food waste and by-products. Due to potential components present in food by-products and wastes, the aim is to isolate and utilize high value-added components, such as proteins, peptides, polysaccharides, fibers, flavoring agents, phy-tochemicals and pharmacological ingredients. The pharmacological benefits associated with polyphenols such as anthocyanins and flavonoids have been linked in the reduction of chronic disorders such as cardiovascular disease and some types of cancers. Various physiological functions such as antioxidant activity, antihypertensive, anti-thrombotic, mineral-binding and anti-amnesiac activities have been found to be associated with the bioactive compounds from food by-products. Hence, this shows that there is a great potential of food by-products for effective utilization in the field of medical and pharmaceutical applications that will be more cost-effective and efficient.
The Effect of Terazosin on Bladder Function in the Spinal Cord Injured Patient (1994)

We prospectively studied the effect of terazosin on bladder compliance in 12 spinal cord injured patients. All study patients had demonstrated previously poor compliance despite clean intermittent catheterization and maximum anticholinergic therapy. Patients were started on 5 mg. terazosin nightly for 4 weeks. They were evaluated with a history, physical examination, symptom score, and synchronous cystoscopy and cystometry before, during and after terazosin therapy. Detrusor compliance improved in all patients during the treatment phase. The change in bladder pressure and the safe bladder volume were statistically and clinically significant. Patients also reported fewer episodes of incontinence and dysreflexia. The improvement in compliance and continence suggests that in the spinal cord injured patient terazosin may have an effect on alpha receptors in the detrusor muscle or central effects and that improved compliance is not due to decreased outlet resistance.
Current scenario of drug development for leishmaniasis. (2006)

Although three new drugs or drug formulations, liposomal amphotericin B (AmBisome), miltefosine and paromomycin should be available for the treatment of visceral leishmaniasis (VL) within the next year, they all suffer from limitations of either cost, specific toxicities or parenteral administration. As part of research to identify better treatments for VL and cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL), alternative and potentially cheaper formulations of amphotericin B, alklyphosphocholines other than miltefosine and improved formulations of paromomycin for CL have been identified. Other drugs or compounds that have demonstrated activity in experimental rodent models of infection include licochalcone derivatives, quinoline derivatives, bisphosphonates and a maesabalide; further chemistry based upon these leads is warranted. The process for discovery and development of new antileishmanials would also benefit from improved models, for example, transfected parasites, and non invasive methods of measuring parasite load in rodent models of infection.
Chronology (2012)

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Label-free electrochemical impedance genosensor based on 1-aminopyrene/graphene hybrids (2013)

In this work, we proposed a novel simple protocol for preparing 1-aminopyrene/graphene (ApG) hybrids for fabricating label-free electrochemical impedance genosensor. Graphene, with the structure of a single-atom-thick sheet of sp2-bonded carbon atoms, was anchored to 1-aminopyrene (1-Ap) with the pyrenyl group via π-stacking interaction. The morphology, conductivity, and interaction of ApG hybrids were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), cyclic voltammetry (CV), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), UV-visible (UV-vis) and fluorescence spectra. The amino-substituted oligonucleotide probe was conjugated to 1-Ap by the cross-linker glutaraldehyde. The DNA hybridization reaction of oligonucleotide probe with target DNA was monitored by EIS. Under optimum conditions, the proposed biosensor exhibited high sensitivity and a low detection limit for detecting the complementary oligonucleotide. The target oligonucleotide could be quantified in a wide range of 1.0 × 10−12 to 1.0 × 10−8 M with good linearity (R = 0.9900) and low detection limit of 4.5 × 10−13 M (S/N = 3).
Pulse separation control for mode-locked far-infrared p-Ge lasers (1999)

Active mode locking of the far-infrared p-Ge laser giving a train of 200 ps pulses is achieved via gain modulation by applying an rf electric field together with an additional bias at one end of the crystal parallel to the Voigt-configured magnetic field. Harmonic mode locking yields a train of pulse pairs with variable time separation from zero to half the roundtrip period, where pulse separation is electrically controlled by the external bias to the rf field.
High voltage pulser with a fast fall-time for plasma immersion ion implantation (2011)

A novel high voltage (HV) modulator that offers a short fall time to minimize sputtering effects and allow more precise control of the incident ion fluence in plasma immersion ion implantation is described. The use of 36 insulated-gate bipolar transistors in the 30 kV hard-tube pulser reduces the HV fall time to 3.5 μs, compared to a fall time of 80 μs if a pull-down resister is used. The voltage balance is achieved by a voltage-balancing resistor, clamped capacitance, and the synchronization of drive signals. Compared to the traditional method employing a pull-down resister or an additional hard tube, our design consumes less power and is more economical and reliable.
Laser-Induced Refractive Index Indicates the Concurrent Role of the Bio-Structuration Process in the Comparison with the Nano-Structuration One (2022)

It should be remarked that the basic knowledge collected from complicated area of the structuration process of the organic materials, including the liquid crystal (LC) ones, useful for the optoelectronics and biomedicine, requires extending the types of the novel matrix model materials and the class of the dopants, which can change the spectral and photorefractive features of the matrixes with good advantage. In the current paper the effect of the introduction of the bio-objects (based on DNA) and of the nano-objects (based on fullerenes, quantum dots, carbon nanotubes, shungites, graphenes) in the organic conjugated materials has been comparatively discussed. The influence of this process on the photorefractive features, namely on the laser-induced change of the refractive index, has been studied. The clear innovative tendency of the alternative using of the bio-objects together or instead of the nano-objects ones has been analyzed via considering of the modification of the spectral and non-linear optical characteristics.
Induction of Neonatal Tolerance to Mls a Antigens by CD8 + T Cells (1990)

Antigen-specific tolerance of T cells to minor lymphocyte stimulatory (Mls) antigens can be induced in mice by neonatal injection of foreign lymphohematopoietic cells. Although immune responses to Mlsa antigens are controlled by B cells, CD8+ T cells were the most effective cell type for induction of Mlsa tolerance. Tolerance was evident in both thymus and lymph nodes and could be induced by as few as 2 x 10(4) CD8+ T cells; these cells were 50 to 100 times as potent as CD4+ cells or B cells in causing functional tolerance and deletion of V beta 6+ T cells. Thus, intrathymic contact with antigens expressed on CD8+ T cells may play an important role in controlling the normal development of tolerance.
[Several factors influencing the male sexual function in patients with atherosclerotic disease]. (1984)

Patients with arteriosclerosis obliterans (ASO, n = 58), abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA, n = 27) and the combined disease (n = 4) were the subjects of this study. All patients were evaluated by retrograde aortography and questioned personally as to their present male sexual function. The penile and ankle systolic pressure index (PSPI and ASPI) of patients with ASO were measured using a Doppler device, but in the patients with AAA, only the PSPI was taken. Several factors relating to male sexual function, such as, age, PSPI, ASPI, sites of the arterial occlusion or dilatation, classification of the ischemic symptoms according to Fontaine's category, numbers of pulsations of the femoral artery, were statistically analysed. All of the patients with both diseases, 66 percent of those with ASO and 52 percent of those with AAA were impotent. In the patients with AAA, the PSPI of the potent group was not significantly higher than that of the impotent group; however, in patients with ASO, the PSPI of the former group was significantly higher than that of the latter group. In the patients with ASO, a significant correlation between the PSPI and the ASPI (r = 0.49, p less than 0.01) was found. When a PSPI value (PSPI = 0,70) was chosen as a demarcation between the impotent group and the potent group, 84 percent of the patients with ASO were correctly classified. However, when the ASPI (ASPI = 0.45) was used, only 69 percent were properly classified.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
A heterogeneous information fusion deep reinforcement learning for intelligent frequency selection of HF communication (2018)

The high-frequency(HF) communication is one of essential communication methods for military and emergency application. However, the selection of communication frequency channel is always a difficult problem as the crowded spectrum, the time-varying channels, and the malicious intelligent jamming. The existing frequency hopping, automatic link establishment and some new anti-jamming technologies can not completely solve the above problems. In this article, we adopt deep reinforcement learning to solve this intractable challenge. First, the combination of the spectrum state and the channel gain state is defined as the complex environmental state, and the Markov characteristic of defined state is analyzed and proved. Then, considering that the spectrum state and channel gain state are heterogeneous information, a new deep Q network (DQN) framework is designed, which contains multiple sub-networks to process different kinds of information. Finally, aiming to improve the learning speed and efficiency, the optimization targets of corresponding sub-networks are reasonably designed, and a heterogeneous information fusion deep reinforcement learning (HIF-DRL) algorithm is designed for the specific frequency selection. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm performs well in channel prediction, jamming avoidance and frequency channel selection.
A carbonaceous chemical filter for the selective detection of NO2 in the environment (2013)

International audience
Hyperamylasemia in Patients with Eating Disorders (1987)

Hyperamylasemia, which has been reported in patients with the eating disorders anorexia nervosa and bulimia, generally has been thought to result from pancreatitis. To evaluate the mechanisms of hyperamylasemia, we measured amylase, lipase, and isoamylase activity in 17 consecutive patients admitted to the eating disorder unit. Six patients had elevated amylase activity, and 5 of these 6 had isolated increases in salivary isoamylase activity. Six other patients had normal serum total amylase activity but modest elevations in the salivary isoamylase fraction. No patient developed clinical evidence of pancreatitis during hospitalization. Thus, the hyperamylasemia in patients with anorexia and bulimia often is caused by increased salivary-type amylase activity. The appropriate diagnostic test for hyperamylasemia in patients with anorexia or bulimia is the simple measurement of serum lipase or pancreatic isoamylase activity. If these levels are found to be normal, further tests to exclude pancreatitis are unnecessary.
Why Question Answering using Sentiment Analysis and Word Classes (2012)

In this paper we explore the utility of sentiment analysis and semantic word classes for improving why-question answering on a large-scale web corpus. Our work is motivated by the observation that a why-question and its answer often follow the pattern that if something undesirable happens, the reason is also often something undesirable, and if something desirable happens, the reason is also often something desirable. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first work that introduces sentiment analysis to non-factoid question answering. We combine this simple idea with semantic word classes for ranking answers to why-questions and show that on a set of 850 why-questions our method gains 15.2% improvement in precision at the top-1 answer over a baseline state-of-the-art QA system that achieved the best performance in a shared task of Japanese non-factoid QA in NTCIR-6.
Progress and opportunities in the development of vaccines against mites, fleas and myiasis‐causing flies of veterinary importance (2006)

Despite the potential benefits offered by vaccination against ectoparasites, there have been few commercial successes with this strategy, in spite of sustained efforts using increasingly sophisticated techniques. This review outlines the progress and challenges offered by recent research into vaccination against some of the major ectoparasites of veterinary importance, and provides an insight into the opportunities arising from our increased understanding of the immunology of host-parasite relationships and the potential for exploitation of this knowledge and that arising from new genomic data provided by expressed sequence tag projects.
High density lipoproteins from bovine plasma and follicular fluid do not possess a high affinity for glycosaminoglycans (1988)

Possible interactions between glycosaminoglycans and high density lipoproteins (HDL) in plasma and follicular fluid were examined. Total lipoproteins (d less than 1.21 g/ml) were obtained from plasma of five Holstein cows by ultracentrifugation and fractionated by gel filtration. Every other fraction from the HDL peak or fractions corresponding to the base and ascending portion of the HDL peak were composited and applied to a heparin-Sepharose affinity chromatography column. Elution profiles from both composites showed a peak that did not bind to the column that contained HDL devoid of apolipoprotein-E as determined by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and silver staining and immunoblot analysis. Elution of lipoproteins from the ascending portion of the HDL peak resulted in a second minor peak eluting at 0.35 M NaCl, which was low density lipoprotein (LDL) contamination. Lipoproteins (d less than 1.21 g/ml) isolated from follicular fluid obtained from small, medium or large follicles also were subjected to heparin-Sepharose affinity chromatography. Two peaks were observed, one corresponding to the lipoprotein that did not bind to the column, the other eluted at 0.5 M NaCl and accounted for less than 2% of the protein applied. The second peak did not contain apolipoprotein-E or LDL. Bovine follicular fluid glycosaminoglycans (GAG) were isolated and subjected to HDL-Sepharose affinity chromatography. Less than 2% of the total GAG bound to the HDL column. Therefore, HDL in bovine specimens did not interact appreciably with heparin or GAG isolated from follicular fluid.
Supplementary material from "Ocean warming alters predicted microbiome functionality in a common sea urchin" (2018)

The microbiome of sea urchins plays a role in maintaining digestive health and innate immunity. Here, we investigated the effects of long-term (90 day) exposure to elevated seawater temperatures on the microbiome of the common, subtropical sea urchin <i>Lytechinus variegatus</i>. The community composition and diversity of microbes varied according to the type of sample collected from the sea urchin (seawater, feed, intestines, coelomic fluid, digested pellet and faeces), with the lowest microbial diversity (pre-dominately the order Campylobacterales) located in the intestinal tissue. Sea urchins exposed to near-future seawater temperatures maintained the community structure and diversity of microbes associated with their tissues. However, marginal, non-significant shifts in microbial community structure with elevated temperature resulted in significant changes in predicted metagenomic functions such as membrane transport and amino acid and carbohydrate metabolism. The predicted changes in key metabolic categories suggest that near-future climate-induced increases in seawater temperature could shift microbial community function and impact sea urchin digestive and immune physiology.
Left Ventricular Assist Device Outflow Graft Obstruction: A Case Series (2019)

Dysfunction of different components within continuous-flow (CF) left ventricular assist device (LVAD) systems may cause adverse cardiovascular and end-organ sequelae. Outflow graft obstruction is a recognized type of LVAD component dysfunction. Ten patients were admitted and treated for LVAD outflow graft obstruction. Two of these patients subsequently developed recurrent outflow graft obstruction requiring reintervention; however, each reoccurrence was at a different site than the original obstruction. Thus, a total of 12 cases of obstruction were analyzed. The most common reasons for hospital admission were low flow LVAD alarms or decompensated heart failure. Presentation with outflow graft obstruction occurred an average of 3.0 years after LVAD implantation. Patients underwent echocardiographic evaluation at the time of admission. Left ventricular assist device component dysfunction was suspected based on echocardiographic findings, and follow-up contrast studies were used to establish the specific diagnosis of outflow graft stenosis. The majority of stenotic lesions (10/12) were treated percutaneously with balloon angioplasty and stenting with balloon-expandable endovascular prostheses. Postintervention, all patients had significant improvement in LVAD flow rates.
Calibration of traffic simulation models using Simultaneous Perturbation Stochastic Approximation (SPSA) method extended through Bayesian sampling methodology (2008)

The main goal of this dissertation is to propose a new methodology for the calibration of traffic simulation models. Simulation is useful in representing complex real-world systems, and many alternatives can be compared via different system designs. However, to evaluate road conditions accurately, the selection of model parameters to be calibrated and the calibration methodology are very important aspects of the overall simulation modeling process. One of the key elements of this dissertation is the application of the Simultaneous Perturbation Stochastic Approximation (SPSA) algorithm (Spall (1992))--one of the well-known stochastic approximation (SA) algorithms, to determine optimal model parameters. The SPSA algorithm has an inherent advantage that can be exploited in both stochastic gradient and gradient-free settings; it can also be applied to solve optimization problems that have a large number of variables.One of the main distinctions between this study and previous studies is with regards to calibration while considering a wide range of all likely demand conditions. Previous studies on calibration have focused on minimizing a deterministic objective function, which is the sum of the relative error between the observed data and the simulation output from a certain time period in a typical day. Even though this approach can be considered a calibration that uses data obtained at one point in time, this type of calibration approach cannot capture a realistic distribution of all possible traffic conditions. Thus, a more general calibration methodology needs to be implemented--one that enables use with any traffic condition. In this dissertation, we propose the Bayesian sampling approach, in conjunction with the application of the SPSA stochastic optimization method, which enables the modeler to enhance the theoretic application to consider statistical data distribution. Thus, this proposed new and advanced methodology makes it possible to overcome the limitations of previous calibration studies. Testing the methodology for larger networks, as well as for other microscopic traffic simulation tools such as CORSIM or VISSIM, are future research tasks. In the future, other simulation parameters and more extensive data sets can be used to test the strengths and weaknesses of the proposed calibration methodology.
Wind-Related Processes Detected by the Spirit Rover at Gusev Crater, Mars (2004)

Wind-abraded rocks, ripples, drifts, and other deposits of windblown sediments are seen at the Columbia Memorial Station where the Spirit rover landed. Orientations of these features suggest formative winds from the north-northwest, consistent with predictions from atmospheric models of afternoon winds in Gusev Crater. Cuttings from the rover Rock Abrasion Tool are asymmetrically distributed toward the south-southeast, suggesting active winds from the north-northwest at the time (midday) of the abrasion operations. Characteristics of some rocks, such as a two-toned appearance, suggest that they were possibly buried and exhumed on the order of 5 to 60 centimeters by wind deflation, depending on location.
ChemInform Abstract: Structures of A88696 C (Ia) D (II) and F (Ib): Gastric ATP‐ase Inhibitors. (1994)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Growth/differentiation factor 15 causes TGFβ-activated kinase 1-dependent muscle atrophy in pulmonary arterial hypertension (2018)

NCT01847716; Results.