gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Infrared antireflective filtering for extreme ultraviolet multilayer Bragg reflectors (2012)

An extreme ultraviolet multilayer mirror with an integrated spectral filter for the IR range is presented and experimentally evaluated. The system consists of an IR-transparent B4C/Si multilayer stack which is used both as EUV-reflective coating and as a phase shift layer of the resonant IR antireflective (AR) coating. The AR coating is optimized in our particular case to suppress CO2 laser radiation at a wavelength of 10.6 μm, and a suppression of more than two orders of magnitude is demonstrated. The method allows high suppression over a large angular acceptance range, relevant for application in lithography systems.
A Novel Method for Fabricating an Electrospun Poly(Vinyl Alcohol)/Cellulose Nanocrystals Composite Nanofibrous Filter with Low Air Resistance for High-Efficiency Filtration of Particulate Matter (2019)

Particulate matter (PM) air pollution poses a risk to public health, especially in rapidly industrializing countries. One major way to protect individuals from PM exposure is to use fiber-based filters for indoor air purification. In this study, a new low pressure drop poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA)/cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) composite nanofibrous filter was fabricated using electrospinning. This electrospun PVA/CNCs filter was demonstrated as an air filter for the first time. The CNCs not only contributed to the PVA/CNCs system as mechanical reinforcement agents but also increased the surface charge density of the electrospinning solution, thereby reducing fiber diameter. The thinner fibers reduced pressure drop significantly and increased the efficiency of PM removal. Our results indicate that high PM2.5 removal efficiency was achieved (99.1%) under extremely polluted conditions (PM2.5 mass concentration > 500 μg m–3) with low pressure drop (91 Pa) at an airflow velocity of 0.2 m s–1. Considering that PVA and CNCs are both nontoxic and biodegradable, this high-efficiency composite filter with low air resistance is environmentally friendly and shows promise in indoor air purification applications.
Terahertz frequency upconversion via relativistic Doppler reflection from a photoinduced plasma front in a solid-state medium (2013)

We propose and simulate the relativistic Doppler reflection of terahertz (THz) radiation normally incident on a plasma front in a semiconductor medium, resulting in a significant frequency upshift for the reflected radiation. The plasma front is generated by linear interband excitation of the semiconductor by a counterpropagating femtosecond optical pulse. High-resistivity silicon is identified as an ideal medium for experiments, as it possesses a desirable optical penetration depth, upshift factor, and low THz absorption and dispersion. The depletion of the optical pump pulse results in a spatiotemporal plasma profile, which leads to results that go beyond the existing analytic theory. We employ one-dimensional finite-difference time-domain simulations to predict the reflected THz pulses vs a range of realistic experimental parameters. The results indicate that a significant frequency upshift can be expected for both conventional and ultrabroadband THz pulses, and that this technique may be suitable to provide higher-bandwidth THz radiation extending into the midinfrared.
Chemical Modification of Natural and Synthetic Polyesters (2002)

Abstract Historical Outline and Introductory Remarks Malic Acid‐based Polyesters Poly(α‐Malic Acid) and its Copolymers Poly(β‐Malic Acid) and Poly(alkyl malolactonate)s Polyesters with Pendant Amine Groups Poly( l ‐Serine Ester)s Poly(lactic acid‐ co ‐lysine) Functionalization of Poly(ɛ‐caprolactone) Synthesis of Functional Monomers by the Bayer–Villiger Oxidation of Cyclohexanones Post‐modification of Functional PCL Functional Poly(ester amide)s Functional Polyesters by Miscellaneous Polymerization Methods Synthesis of Functional Polyesters by Michael‐type Reaction Synthesis of Functional Polyesters from Protected Polyhydroxylated Monomeric Precursors Telechelic Polyesters Role of Polymerization Mechanism Anionic ROP Coordinative ROP Functional Microbial Polyesters Concluding Remarks
Dietary cranberry alleviated colonic inflammation and altered gut microbiota in mice (2017)

Increased consumption of fruits such as cranberry may decrease the risk of several chronic diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). However, the exact mechanism of actions of dietary cranberry is unknown. In this study, we determined the effects of whole cranberry powder on IBD as well as the structure of gut microbiota in a mouse model of IBD induced by dextran sodium sulfate (DSS). Our results showed that dietary cranberry treatment significantly decreased the severity of IBD in DSS‐treated mice, evidenced by that cranberry treatment significantly increased colon length, and decreased disease activity and histologic score of IBD in DSS‐treated mice compared to the positive control group (p &lt; 0.05). Moreover, the colonic levels of pro‐inflammatory cytokines (IL‐1β, IL‐6 and TNF‐α) were significantly reduced by cranberry treatment (p&lt;0.05). Analysis of the relative abundance of fecal microbiota in phylum and genus levels reveled that DSS treatment significantly altered the microbial structure of fecal microbiota in mice, and dietary cranberry treatment partially reversed these alterations. Our results also demonstrated that DSS treatment significantly increased the relative abundance of Akkermansia and Sutterella , and decreased the abundance of Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus in the mouse feces, which was associated with the development of IBD. Importantly, dietary cranberry treatment inhibited Akkermansia and Sutterella , and promoted Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus in DSS‐treated mice. Overall, our results for the first time suggested that modification of gut microbiota by dietary whole cranberry might contribute to its inhibitory effects against the development of IBD. Support or Funding Information This study was partially supported by fund from USDA and Cranberry Institute.
<title>Systems-oriented survey of noncontact temperature measurement techniques for rapid thermal processing</title> (1991)

Rapid Thermal Processing (RTP) is becoming a popular approach for future ULSI manufacturing due to its unique low thermal budget and process flexibility. Furthermore when RTP is combined with Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD) the so-called RTP-CVD technology it can be used to deposit ultrathin films with extremely sharp interfaces and excellent material qualities. One major consequence of this type of processing however is the need for extremely tight control of wafer temperature both to obtain reproducible results for process control and to minimize slip and warpage arising from nonuniformities in temperature. Specifically temperature measurement systems suitable for RiP must have both high precision--within 1-2 degrees--and a short response time--to output an accurate reading on the order of milliseconds for closedloop control. Any such in-situ measurement technique must be non-contact since thermocouples cannot meet the response time requirements and have problems with conductive heat flow in the wafer. To date optical pyrometry has been the most widely used technique for RiP systems although a number of other techniques are being considered and researched. This article examines several such techniques from a systems perspective: optical pyrometry both conventional and a new approach using ellipsometric techniques for concurrent emissivity measurement Raman scattering infrared laser thermometry optical diffraction thermometry and photoacoustic thermometry. Each approach is evaluated in terms of its actual or estimated manufacturing cost remote sensing capability precision repeatability dependence on processing history range
Rapid Proton Transmission through Nafion | Graphene | ALD Alumina | Nafion Membranes (2020)

Recent reports from several laboratories indicate that proton transmission through graphene and other 2D materials in contact with proton-conducting electrolytes can occur rapidly with a much lower activation energy than expected from a wide range of computational studies on the proton / graphene interaction energy, and a much higher selectivity relative to transmission of other ions than would be expected based only on ion size. It would be desirable to be able to control transport through the graphene, and many approaches have been tried to rationally control transport rates through graphene via chemical treatments applied to the graphene. One such approach involves use of atomic layer deposition (ALD), in which single layers of inorganic materials, often oxides, are coated in a self-limiting way onto a surface by a series of pulsed reaction steps delivered in series. A common ALD implementation involves coatings of aluminum oxide, or alumina, created by sequential dosing of a surface with trimethyl aluminum and water vapor. We report here on use of the ALD method to coat single-layer CVD graphene supported on copper foil or on Nafion membranes with layers of alumina. Coatings resulting from 50 ALD cycles are found to be thick enough and homogeneous enough to block photoelectron emission from the underlying substrates (copper or Nafion) when the coatings are analyzed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Electrochemical hydrogen pump experiments were then performed to assess the degree to which ALD treatment of the graphene on Nafion, delivered prior to preparing Nafion | graphene | Nafion sandwich membranes, could change the rate of proton transmission through the graphene that is embedded within the Nafion. As little as two ALD treatment cycles are sufficient to reduce proton transmission currents through graphene by approximately half relative to graphene that is not treated by ALD. Surprisingly, fifty ALD cycles has almost the same effect as two cycles. This finding indicates that that ALD alumina coating is a relatively good proton conductor which is thought to reflect the action of transport pathways on the hydrated surface of the porous ALD alumina layer. The insensitivity of proton transmission to the number of ALD cycles applied suggests that the function of the ALD is to change the transport rates at interfaces, perhaps by creating a new ALD alumina / Nafion interface that protons must traverse in order to pass through the membrane.
A simulation study of the combined use of power control and dynamic channel allocation schemes (2002)

This work investigates the behavior of a well known dynamic channel allocation scheme (DCA), channel segregation, when associated to two different automatic uplink power control schemes. The two objectives sought with this association are improved capacity over the isolated use of the DCA scheme, and a better distribution of the signal to interference ratio (SIR) due to an optimized use of transmission power. Simulation results show that indeed this can be achieved, but not without some costs.
Perceptions of the impact of non-standard work schedules on health in Australian graduates: an exploratory study (2019)

Non-standard working hours are associated with negative health outcomes. However, little is known about the early years of exposure to non-standard work hours, or whether workers new to these work schedules perceive their work as impacting their health. This limits our ability to develop meaningful intervention strategies for transitioning into non-standard work hour schedules. This exploratory study investigated whether recent Australian graduates in various non-standard workhour schedules perceive that their work schedule negatively impacts their health. The responses of 120 graduates within four years of completing their tertiary qualification collected from an online survey were analysed. Graduates were asked whether they perceived their work arrangements as impacting their health. Significantly more of those who were engaged in non-standard work schedules or worked beyond contracted hours perceived their working arrangements as having an impact on their health. This study highlights the importance of studying workers' perceptions of the impact of work hours on health, particularly when workers may be experiencing good global health but be at risk for negative health outcomes in future.
Cross-Axis Synchronous Flow-Through Coil Planet Centrifuge Free of Rotary Seals for Preparative Countercurrent Chromatography. Part I. Apparatus and Analysis of Acceleration (1987)

Abstract A novel type of the coil planet centrifuge is introduced. The apparatus holds a coil holder in such a way that the axis of the holder is positioned perpendicular to and at a fixed distance away from the centrifuge axis. In maintaining the above orientation the holder undergoes synchronous planetary motion, i.e., revolution around the central axis-of the centrifuge and rotation about its own axis at the same angular velocity. Mathematical analysis of acceleration generated by this planetary motion revealed a unique distribution pattern of centrifugal force vectors which promises a high performance of the present scheme in counter-current chromatography.
Ascending Aorta Outflow Graft Location and Pulsatile Ventricular Assist Provide Optimal Hemodynamic Support in an Adult Mock Circulation (2005)

Although continuous flow (CF) and pulsatile flow (PF) ventricular assist devices (VADs) are being clinically used, their effects on aortic blood flow, as a measure of overall blood distribution, remain unclear. In acute VAD support animal experiments, our group has described a zone of turbulent mixing in the aortic arch. The objective of this study was to confirm this finding in the controlled setting of an adult mock circulation, simulating ventricular pathophysiologic states (normal and failing ventricle). CF and PF flow VADs were connected to ventricular apical inflow and ascending aorta (AA) or descending aorta (DA) outflow cannulae. Cardiovascular pressure and flow waveforms were recorded at varying levels of VAD bypass resulting in four test conditions: (i) CF-AA; (ii) CF-DA; (iii) PF-AA; and (iv) PF-DA. Confirming the animal data, no differences in mean aortic flow between CF and PF VADs were found, and significantly lower mean aortic arch flow with DA cannulation was noted. Mean aortic root flow decreased with increasing VAD bypass flow. As in the animal studies, despite similar mean flow rates, significant differences in waveform morphology were observed for AA and DA outflow graft locations and varying levels of VAD bypass. At 100% VAD support in the failing heart, PF restored waveform pulsatility to normal baseline while CF resulted in little pulsatility. These results confirm our earlier findings in the animal model, suggesting that outflow graft location may have a significant effect on aortic blood flow distribution. The long-term implications of these findings are being examined in ongoing studies.
Experimental Demonstration of 50-Mb/s Visible Light Communications Using 4<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="TeX">$\,\times\,$ </tex-math></inline-formula>4 MIMO (2014)

This letter reports the experimental demonstration of an indoor visible light nonimaging multiple-input multiple-output system with an aggregate error free bit rate of 50 Mb/s over a distance of 2 m. The system uses four independent white LED transmitters, each transmitting 12.5 Mb/s of data in the ON-OFF keying nonreturn zero format, and four independent nonimaging optical receivers. The performance of four detection methods ranging from the basic channel inversion to the more advanced space time techniques is compared experimentally. The results gathered demonstrate that the simplest technique is capable of the same bit error rate as the most complex scheme. The system also provides full illumination with a mean level of 350 Lux satisfying the ISO lighting standards for home and office environments.
A Retrospective Study of LDL-Cholesterol in Koreans on Atorvastatin/Ezetimibe or Atorvastatin Monotherapy (2019)

This was a multicenter, noninterventional, retrospective, chart review study of Korean patients with hypercholesterolemia who were statin-naïve and prescribed atorvastatin/ezetimibe or atorvastatin monotherapy during an observational period, from January 2014 to July 2017, and followed up for 12–18 weeks.
Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors Synergize p300 Autoacetylation that Regulates Its Transactivation Activity and Complex Formation (2007)

p300/cyclic AMP-responsive element binding protein-binding protein (CBP) are general coactivators for multiple transcription factors involved in various cellular processes. Several highly conserved domains of p300/CBP serve as interacting sites for transcription factors and regulatory proteins. Particularly, the intrinsic histone acetyltransferase (HAT) activity and transactivation domains (TAD) play essential roles for their coactivating function. Autoacetylation of p300/CBP is commonly observed in cell-free HAT assays and has been implicated in the regulation of their HAT activity. Here, we show that six lysine-rich regions in several highly conserved functional domains of p300 are targeted by p300HAT for acetylation in cell-free systems. We show that p300 is susceptible to acetylation in cultured tumor cells and that its acetylation status is affected by histone deacetylase inhibitor trichostatin A. We further show that either treatment with deacetylase inhibitors or coexpression of Gal4-p300HAT, which alone has no transactivation activity, stimulates the activity of the COOH-terminal TAD of p300 (p300C-TAD). We have defined the minimal p300C-TAD and show that it is sufficient to respond to deacetylase inhibitors and is a substrate for p300HAT. Finally, we show that acetylated p300 possesses enhanced ability to interact with p53. Taken together, our data suggest that acetylation regulates p300C-TAD and that acetylation of p300/CBP may contribute to the dynamic regulation of their complex formation with various interacting partners.
Direct Torque Control of Brushless Doubly Fed Reluctance Machines (2004)

A brushless doubly fed reluctance machine (BDFRM) allows the use of a partially rated inverter and as such is an attractive cost-effective candidate for applications with limited speed ranges. While the Direct Torque Control (DTC) method has been successfully applied to almost all conventional AC machines, it has not been considered so far as a potential mean for controlling doubly-excited systems. This paper attempts to fill in this gap, by exploring the principles and implementation aspects of Direct Torque Control (DTC) for the BDFRM. The presented results demonstrate good controller performance over the entire supply frequency range for the maximum torque per inverter ampere control strategy.
Amino acid and dipeptide derivatives of daunorubicin. 1. Synthesis, physicochemical properties, and lysosomal digestion (1980)

The synthesis of amino acid and dipeptide derivatives of daunorubicin (DNR) is described. The binding-affinity parameters for DNA of those derivatives were determined by a spectral titration method. The affinity constants of the amino acid and dipeptide derivatives are, respectively, three and ten times lower than that of DNR. The susceptibility of those derivatives toward lysosomal peptidases was studied. It was found that the Leu and the Ala-Leu derivatives are the most rapidly hydrolyzed into DNR. It is concluded that Leu-DNR and Ala-Leu-DNR could act as prodrugs of DNR, which could be activated inside or in the close vicinity of tumor cells which display a high aminopeptidase activity.
Trading bandwidth for latency: managing continuations through a carpet bag cache (2003)

Processing-in-memory (PIM) circumvents the von Neumann bottleneck by combining logic and memory (typically DRAM) on a single die. This work examines the performance of a mobile thread execution model in which threads traverse the system's address space in search of their required data over a massively parallel PIM array targeted at petaFLOP performance. This model is enabled through the use of a carpetbag cache which travels with the thread and provides data from the node previously visited. In this way, the latency of traveling to a node already visited is avoided by paying the additional bandwidth and packaging costs associated with moving the cache. Furthermore, it is shown that thrashing between two nodes will generally occur without the use of the cache. Each of the simulations conducted in this work was conducted under stress. By using the Data Intensive Systems (DIS) benchmark suite, the model was subjected to "worst case" memory access patterns, and ultimately still proved highly successful. Additionally, it is shown that this model caters to the positive aspects of a PIM - specifically, the very fast local memory access available.
Porous GaAs as a possible antireflective coating and optical diffusor for III–V solar cells (2005)

Abstract We have studied the possibility of using (nano‐)porous GaAs top layers as antireflective coating and optical diffusor in high‐efficiency III‐V solar cells. Antireflective coating behaviour of thin, nanoporous GaAs layers has been demonstrated, whereas initial experiments on applying these porous layers on top of a GaAs solar cell structure also suggest an optical diffusion of the incident light in the porous layer. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH &amp; Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Photoacoustic characterization of a two-layer system (1991)

In this paper the use of the so-called open photoacoustic cell for thermal characterization of two-layer systems of variable thickness is described. It is shown that the thermal diffusivity as well as the thermal conductivity are completely determined, based upon the effective sample model widely used in heat-transfer problems.
On puncturing strategies for polar codes (2017)

This paper introduces a class of specific puncturing patterns, called symmetric puncturing patterns, which can be characterized and generated from the rows of the generator matrix G <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">N</sub> . They are first shown to be non-equivalent, then a low-complexity method to generate symmetric puncturing patterns is proposed, which performs a search tree algorithm with limited depth, over the rows of G <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">N</sub> . Symmetric patterns are further optimized by density evolution, and shown to yield better performance than state-of-the-art rate compatible code constructions, relying on either puncturing or shortening techniques.
Memory Access Control in Multiprocessor for Real-Time Systems with Mixed Criticality (2012)

Shared resource access interference, particularly memory and system bus, is a big challenge in designing predictable real-time systems because its worst case behavior can significantly differ. In this paper, we propose a software based memory throttling mechanism to explicitly control the memory interference. We developed analytic solutions to compute proper throttling parameters that satisfy schedulability of critical tasks while minimize performance impact caused by throttling. We implemented the mechanism in Linux kernel and evaluated isolation guarantee and overall performance impact using a set of synthetic and real applications.