gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Time sharing as a basis for electronic telephone switching. A switched-highways system (1956)

All telephone systems incorporate time-sharing techniques in order to economize in apparatus, but the extent of their application depends upon the operating speeds and adaptability of the components used. The introduction of electronic techniques enables various switching, coding and sampling techniques to be used to achieve a higher degree of time sharing than has previously been possible.In a system now under development these principles are the main basis of design. Connections are made over common leads using pulse channels each of which may be used for connections to any line. The connections are controlled by register and supervisory apparatus in which information is received, stored, manipulated and transmitted by common apparatus which operates on the connection pulse channels. Common selecting, translating and marking apparatus is used to set up all connections on a one-at-a-time basis, and all apparatus apart from the line-terminal equipment is time-shared by the connections using either sampling or switching techniques. Connection, register and supervisory apparatus is also time-shared by coding.The capital and maintenance costs of such a system are as yet indeterminate, but it is expected that they will be competitive.
MLAP: a MAC level access protocol for the HFC 802.14 network (1996)

Interactive residential broadband/multimedia services are expected to be the next main event in the cyberspace experience. The large excess bandwidth (well over 300 MHz) available in today's cable TV (CATV) hybrid fiber/coaxial (HFC) plants is an ideal candidate to provide the underlying communications infrastructure for interactive digital services to the home; cable operators that have not yet upgraded their all-coaxial plants to HFC are quickly moving in this direction. MLAP is a flexible ATM-friendly MAC protocol that is capable of supporting various types of traffic with diverse quality-of-service requirements. We introduce a very versatile MAC protocol for the HFC 802.14 network. MLAP can provide integrated broadband services to the home, internetwork easily with ATM wide area networks, support QoS constraints for various types of traffic, and operate over a variety of physical layer protocols. Our presentation is only an extended summary of our medium-sharing protocol proposal to the IEEE 802.14 WG. We consider only error-free system operation. MLAP provides for the use of timers for the recovery of error situations in the network. MLAP is also supported by a management suite of protocols for management of the overall system.
Identification of nurse shark V NAR single‐domain antibodies targeting the spike S2 subunit of SARS‐CoV ‐2 (2023)

SARS-CoV-2 is the etiological agent of the COVID-19 pandemic. Antibody-based therapeutics targeting the spike protein, specifically the S1 subunit or the receptor binding domain (RBD) of SARS-CoV-2, have gained attention due to their clinical efficacy in treating patients diagnosed with COVID-19. An alternative to conventional antibody therapeutics is the use of shark new antigen variable receptor domain (V<sub>NAR</sub> ) antibodies. V<sub>NAR</sub> s are small (<15 kDa) and can reach deep into the pockets or grooves of the target antigen. Here, we have isolated 53 V<sub>NAR</sub> s that bind to the S2 subunit by phage panning from a naïve nurse shark V<sub>NAR</sub> phage display library constructed in our laboratory. Among those binders, S2A9 showed the best neutralization activity against the original pseudotyped SARS-CoV-2 virus. Several binders, including S2A9, showed cross-reactivity against S2 subunits from other β coronaviruses. Furthermore, S2A9 showed neutralization activity against all variants of concern (VOCs) from alpha to omicron (including BA1, BA2, BA4, and BA5) in both pseudovirus and live virus neutralization assays. Our findings suggest that S2A9 could be a promising lead molecule for the development of broadly neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 and emerging variants. The nurse shark V<sub>NAR</sub> phage library offers a novel platform that can be used to rapidly isolate single-domain antibodies against emerging viral pathogens.
Clinical failures associated with rpoB mutations in phenotypically occult multidrug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis (2011)

We demonstrate a significant association between the presence of rpoB gene mutations that are not detected at the current RMP critical concentration and treatment failure. We suggest that a review of the current RMP critical concentration is warranted to ensure that RMP is not used inappropriately for the treatment of phenotypically occult multidrug-resistant tuberculosis.
A Fusion-Loop Antibody Enhances the Infectious Properties of Immature Flavivirus Particles (2011)

Flavivirus-infected cells secrete a mixture of mature, partially immature, and fully immature particles into the extracellular space. Although mature virions are highly infectious, prM-containing fully immature virions are noninfectious largely because the prM protein inhibits the cell attachment and fusogenic properties of the virus. If, however, cell attachment and entry are facilitated by anti-prM antibodies, immature flavivirus becomes infectious after efficient processing of the prM protein by the endosomal protease furin. A recent study demonstrated that E53, a cross-reactive monoclonal antibody (MAb) that engages the highly conserved fusion-loop peptide within the flavivirus envelope glycoprotein, preferentially binds to immature flavivirus particles. We investigated here the infectious potential of fully immature West Nile virus (WNV) and dengue virus (DENV) particles opsonized with E53 MAb and observed that, like anti-prM antibodies, this anti-E antibody also has the capacity to render fully immature flaviviruses infectious. E53-mediated enhancement of both immature WNV and DENV depended on efficient cell entry and the enzymatic activity of the endosomal furin. Furthermore, we also observed that E53-opsonized immature DENV particles but not WNV particles required a more acidic pH for efficient cleavage of prM by furin, adding greater complexity to the dynamics of antibody-mediated infection of immature flavivirus virions.
Magnetic resonance imaging study of the structure of the yolk in the developing avian egg (1991)

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques were used to study the morphology of the latebra and concentric rings seen in the yolk of White Leghorn eggs during development of the avian embryo. Previous studies of the macroscopic structure of avian yolk have revealed the latebra, a vase-shaped structure beneath the blastoderm composed of white yolk. The bulbous portion in the center of the yolk is termed the body of the latebra. The thinner portion extending toward the blastoderm is referred to as the neck of the latebra. As the neck of the latebra approaches the blastoderm, it flares out to become the nucleus of Pander. The remainder of the yolk often features alternating concentric layers of white and yellow yolk. These layers, which appear as rings in sections, are thought to represent the daily accumulation of yolk during oogenesis. In this study eggs were imaged with a single slice spin echo sequence using MRI parameters that maximized the visualization of the latebra and concentric rings in the egg yolk. Some experiments were conducted for 2 to 3 day periods with eggs kept in the bore of the magnet using a small incubator that was constructed using a temperature-controlled water pump. The concentric rings of the yolk and the body of the latebra flatten and become more elliptical during development. The neck of the latebra becomes shorter and disappears around the 7th day of incubation. The body of the latebra starts to become incorporated into the embryo at about the 7th day of incubation and usually disappears by the 13th day. The concentric rings are no longer visible as distinct entities at this time. Histochemical procedures carried out as a result of MRI findings indicate that the latebra is an iron-rich structure.
Alpha, Beta, gamma human PapillomaViruses (HPV) detection with a different sets of primers in oropharyngeal swabs, anal and cervical samples (2019)

This study provides new information about viral isolates present in oropharyngeal site and it will contribute to improve the monitoring of HPV infection.
Regulation of fibroblast-mediated collagen gel contraction by platelet-derived growth factor, interleukin-1 α and transforming growth factor-β1 (1992)

We have examined the effects of three macrophage-derived cytokines, platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-beta 1) and interleukin-1 alpha (IL-1 alpha) on the contraction of collagen type I gels populated by human foreskin fibroblasts. Contraction was quantified as loss in gel weight. Both PDGF-AA and PDGF-BB were found to induce a rapid collagen-gel contraction. TGF-beta 1 also stimulated gel contraction but with a delayed onset and at a slower rate than the PDGF-stimulated contraction. Rabbit polyclonal IgGs recognizing PDGF-AA and PDGF-BB, respectively, specifically inhibited the effects of the corresponding PDGF isoforms. However, the stimulatory effect of TGF-beta 1 was not affected by any of the anti-PDGF antibodies. The ability of PDGF to stimulate contraction became less pronounced in collagen gel cultures grown in the absence of growth factors over periods of several days. Under the same conditions, the stimulatory effect of TGF-beta 1 was not reduced. The reduced response to PDGF may be due to reduced tension on fibroblasts growing in collagen gels, since fibroblasts on free-floating gels showed a marked reduction in PDGF-BB-induced PDGF beta-receptor aggregates when compared to fibroblasts on attached collagen gels. IL-1 alpha inhibited initial collagen gel contraction, and at later stages induced a visible degradation of the collagen gels, presumably due to the generation of collagenase activity. The combination of IL-1 alpha and PDGF-BB stimulated initial collagen gel contraction, although less effectively than PDGF-BB alone.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Automatic quality assessments of laser powder bed fusion builds from photodiode sensor measurements (2021)

Abstract While Laser powder bed fusion (L-PBF) machines have greatly improved in recent years, the L-PBF process is still susceptible to several types of defect formation. Among the monitoring methods that have been explored to detect these defects, camera-based systems are the most prevalent. However, using only photodiode measurements to monitor the build process has potential benefits, as photodiode sensors are cost-efficient and typically have a higher sample rate compared to cameras. This study evaluates whether a combination of photodiode sensor measurements, taken during L-PBF builds, can be used to predict measures of the resulting build quality via a purely data-based approach. Using several unsupervised clustering approaches build density is classified with up to 93.54% accuracy using features extracted from three different photodiodes, as well as observations relating to the energy transferred to the material. Subsequently, a supervised learning method (Gaussian Process regression) is used to directly predict build density with a RMS error of 3.65%. The study, therefore, shows the potential for machine-learning algorithms to predict indicators of L-PBF build quality from photodiode build measurements only. This study also shows that, relative to the L-PBF process parameters, photodiode measurements can contribute to additional information regarding L-PBF part quality. Moreover, the work herein describes approaches that are predominantly probabilistic, thus facilitating uncertainty quantification in machine-learnt predictions of L-PBF build quality.
The thermodynamics of dilute liquid copper alloys (1974)

The published data on the thermodynamics of dilute liquid copper alloys are reviewed. Selected thermodynamic values have been tabulated for binary and ternary alloys. Résumé Les auteurs font la critique des données thennodynamiques publiées des alliages liquides de cuivre en région diluée. Des valeurs thermodynamiques sélectionnées ant été classifiées pour les alliages binaires et les alliages ternaires.
Uncoupling Oxygen Transfer and Electron Transfer in the Oxygenation of Camphor Analogues by Cytochrome P450-CAM (1995)

The hydroxylation of (1R)-camphor by cytochrome P450-CAM involves almost complete coupling of electron to oxygen transfer. Modifications at C-5 of camphor, the normal site of hydroxylation by P450-CAM, lead to as much as 98% uncoupling of electron and oxygen transfer as well as to decreases in the rate of electron uptake (up to 10-fold) and the rate of oxygenated product formation (up to 210-fold). Two modes of uncoupling are seen: (a) two-electron uncoupling in which the decrease in oxygenated product formation is balanced by increases in H2O2 formation and (b) four-electron "oxidase" uncoupling where the NADH/O2 ratio has changed from one to nearly two and relatively little H2O2 is formed. Both enantiomers of 5-methylenylcamphor are two-electron uncouplers, while (1R)- and (1S)-5,5-difluorocamphor and (1R)-9,9,9-d3-5,5-difluorocamphor are four-electron uncouplers. An intermolecular isotope effect of 11.7 is observed for oxygenation of C-9 in (1R)-5,5-difluorocamphor. With this substrate, the significant decrease in the rate of oxygenated product formation combined with the large isotope effect suggest that the rate-limiting step has switched from electron to oxygen transfer.
Different modes and potencies of translational repression by sequence-specific RNA–protein interaction at the 5′-UTR (2006)

To determine whether sequence-specific RNA-protein interaction at the 5'-untranslated region (5'-UTR) can potently repress translation in mammalian cells, a bicistronic translational repression assay was developed to permit direct assessment of RNA-protein interaction and translational repression in transiently transfected living mammalian cells. Changes in cap-dependent yellow fluorescent protein (YFP) and internal ribosome entry sequence (IRES)-dependent cyan fluorescent protein (CFP) translation were monitored by fluorescence microscopy. Selective repression of YFP or coordinate repression of both YFP and CFP translation occurred, indicating two distinct modes by which RNA-binding proteins repress translation through the 5'-UTR. Interestingly, a single-stranded RNA-binding protein from Bacillus subtilis, tryptophan RNA-binding attenuation protein (TRAP), showed potent translational repression, dependent on the level of TRAP expression and position of its cognate binding site within the bicistronic reporter transcript. As the first of its class to be examined in mammalian cells, its potency in repression of translation through the 5'-UTR may be a general feature for this class of single-stranded RNA-binding proteins. Finally, a one-hybrid screen based on translational repression through the 5'-UTR identified linkers supporting full-translational repression as well as a range of partial repression by TRAP within the context of a fusion protein.
A case of atypical POEMS syndrome without polyneuropathy (2008)

POEMS (Polyneuropathy, Organomegaly, Endocrinopathy, M-protein, Skin changes) syndrome is a rare hematological disease associated with overproduction of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Under the current nomenclature and diagnostic criteria for POEMS syndrome, the presence of characteristic polyneuropathy is required for diagnosis. We report a 43-year-old Japanese woman with organomegaly, endocrinopathy, M-protein, skin lesions, as well as typical renal lesions and sclerotic bone lesions. Of note, neurological examinations and peripheral nerve conduction tests were normal in this patient. In view of the overwhelming number of otherwise characteristic signs and symptoms, we made a provisional diagnosis of 'atypical POEMS syndrome without polyneuropathy'. If further similar cases are reported in the future, reconsideration of the nomenclature and/or diagnostic criteria for POEMS syndrome may be required.
Structure and regulation of the neutrophil respiratory burst oxidase: comparison with nonphagocyte oxidases (2004)

Neutrophils play an essential role in the body's innate defense against pathogens and are one of the primary mediators of the inflammatory response. To defend the host, neutrophils use a wide range of microbicidal products, such as oxidants, microbicidal peptides, and lytic enzymes. The generation of microbicidal oxidants by neutrophils results from the activation of a multiprotein enzyme complex known as the reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase, which is responsible for transferring electrons from NADPH to O2, resulting in the formation of superoxide anion. During oxidase activation, cytosolic oxidase proteins translocate to the phagosome or plasma membrane, where they assemble around a central membrane-bound component known as flavocytochrome b. This process is highly regulated, involving phosphorylation, translocation, and multiple conformational changes. Originally, it was thought that the NADPH oxidase was restricted to phagocytes and used solely in host defense. However, recent studies indicate that similar NADPH oxidase systems are present in a wide variety of nonphagocytic cells. Although the nature of these nonphagocyte NADPH oxidases is still being defined, it is clear that they are functionally distinct from the phagocyte oxidases. It should be noted, however, that structural features of many nonphagocyte oxidase proteins do seem to be similar to those of their phagocyte counterparts. In this review, key structural and functional features of the neutrophil NADPH oxidase and its protein components are described, including a consideration of transcriptional and post-translational regulatory features. Furthermore, relevant details about structural and functional features of various nonphagocyte oxidase proteins will be included for comparison.
Modelling the impact of the stator currents on inductance-based sensorless control of brushless DC-machines (2011)

Inductance-based sensorless control methods allow to estimate the rotor position by tracking the magnetic anisotropy linked to the rotor, partly caused by the magnetic saturation of the iron. In most salient-pole machines, the magnetic field in the air-gap may be approached by a sinusoidal function along the air-gap. Furthermore, the stator self-inductance mainly varies with two times the electrical rotor angle. In brushless DC-machines however, inductance-based estimations are affected by an important harmonic content in the magnetic field. Besides, it is well-known that large stator currents cause position estimation errors due to a variable magnetic state. This paper proposes a simple analytical model to take into account the combined effects of the stator currents and the harmonics. The goal is to understand these effects on the position estimation through simulations. The model is specifically developed for surface-mounted permanent-magnet brushless DC-machines with diametric single-slot-pair windings. The results suggest that the combined effects could be used to compensate for the position estimation error.
Surgery of the Cerebellopontine Angle (2022)

Now in its second edition, this book remains the gold standard guide to the surgical treatment of diseases in the cerebellopontine angle (CPA).
Do electronic marketplaces lower the price of goods? (1998)

article Free Access Share on Do electronic marketplaces lower the price of goods? Author: Ho-Guen Lee Yonsei Univ., Seoul, Korea Yonsei Univ., Seoul, KoreaView Profile Authors Info & Claims Communications of the ACMVolume 41Issue 1Jan. 1998pp 73–80https://doi.org/10.1145/268092.268122Published:01 January 1998Publication History 232citation2,310DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations232Total Downloads2,310Last 12 Months174Last 6 weeks62 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteeReaderPDF
A Novel Antimony−Carbon Nanotube−Tin Oxide Thin Film:  Carbon Nanotubes as Growth Guider and Energy Buffer. Application for Indoor Air Pollutants Gas Sensor (2008)

A novel antimony−carbon nanotube−tin oxide (Sb−CNT−SnO2) thin film using carbon nanotubes (CNTs) as growth guider and energy buffer was fabricated via the sol−gel method and ultrasonic dispersion technique, which could be potentially applied as a gas sensor for detecting indoor air pollutants emitted from building and decoration materials. The Sb−CNT−SnO2 thin film shows higher sensitivity and shorter response time than the pure SnO2 thin film and the Sb−SnO2 thin film according to the gas sensing measurement. The possible mechanism of the better sensing performance has been primarily discussed from the aspects of growth guiding and energy buffering effects caused by CNTs. Furthermore, the electric field on the surface of Sb−CNT−SnO2 thin film is proposed as the reason for rapid response to polar gases, e.g., formaldehyde, ammonia, and toluene.
Well Completions in the Beta Field, Offshore California (1983)

ABSTRACT The heavy oil reservoir in the Beta Field, Offshore California is thick (up to 1200 feet gross), unconsolidated, consists of nine distince sand intervals, and lies at a shallow depth. In order to economically develop the field from two platforms and be able to waterflood, the development wells must (1) be highly deviated with an ‘S’ shaped profile, (2) have isolated multi-zone completions designed with the capability to selectively inject or produce any combination of zones, and (3) produce virtually sand-free because of the use of electric submersible pumps for artificial lift. To meet these requirements, new completion techniques were developed. This paper reviews the overall completion sequence starting with primary cementing and zonal isolation, through perforating and perforation cleanup, and finishing with the inside casing gravel packing and gravel pack logging. The new techniques have proved expedient and successful, with 40 producing wells containing a total of 152 individual zones completed as of December, 1982.
Raman Spectral Analysis in the C−H Stretching Region of Proteins and Amino Acids for Investigation of Hydrophobic Interactions (1999)

Raman spectra of amino acids showed complexity in the C-H stretching region (2800-3100 cm(-)(1)) attributed to diversity of CH, CH(2), and CH(3) groups in the side chains, ionization state, and microenvironment. The involvement of specific amino acids in the C-H stretching region of selected proteins, namely, lysozyme, alpha-lactalbumin, beta-lactoglobulin, and their binary mixtures, was investigated by deconvolution using maximum likelihood techniques. The main protein band near 2940 cm(-)(1) was attributed not only to aromatic and aliphatic amino acids but also to many other amino acids. A band near 3065 cm(-)(1) was assigned to aromatic residues, whereas bands near 2880 and 2900 cm(-)(1) corresponded primarily to aliphatic amino acids. Heating at 90 degrees C increased relative intensity near 2940 cm(-)(1) and decreased relative intensity at 2895-2902 cm(-)(1) for lysozyme and its mixtures with alpha-lactalbumin or beta-lactoglobulin. Additional bands at 2812 or 2838 and 3003 cm(-)(1) were observed after heating or in 8 M deuterated urea, reflecting changes upon denaturation.