gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Microglia in invertebrate ganglia. (1994)

The results of this study lend strong support to the concept of the existence in insects and molluscs of a distinctive class of neuroglial cells comparable to vertebrate microglia. The evidence presented is as valid as that used in reference to the separate status of vertebrate microglia--i.e., the demonstration of a close structural and functional relationship of these cells with cells of the immune system. As in vertebrates, the excision of ganglia from three invertebrate species (the molluscs Planorbarius corneus and Mytilus edulis and the insect Leucophaea maderae) and their maintenance in incubation media led to an exodus of small cells and their accumulation in the culture dish. During this process, they underwent conformational changes from stellate to rounded, and then to more or less ameboid, comparable to those indicative of the process of activation in the animals' immunocytes. Functional characteristics which these translocated microglia-like cells share with immunocytes are motility, phagocytotic activity, and adherence to the culture dish. Furthermore, the two cells have certain biochemical features in common--e.g., the presence of certain cytokines and (at least in Planorbarius) that of corticotropin. An additional phenomenon of particular interest for the classification of microglial elements is their response to morphine. At 10(-6) M, this drug decreases not only the number of cells emerging from the excised ganglia but also the degree of their transformation to the "active" ameboid form. This dose-dependent and naloxone-sensitive effect of morphine on microglial cells parallels that on activated immunocytes of the same species. Corresponding results demonstrating an inhibitory effect of morphine on mobilized microglial cells of the frog Rana pipiens indicate that this relationship between the two cell types under consideration also exists in vertebrates. Binding and displacement experiments with membrane homogenates of microglial cells as well as immunocytes of Mytilus have shown that the effects of morphine on both cell types are mediated by the same special opiate receptor (mu 3).
Comparable Disease Severity by Influenza Virus Subtype in the Acute Respiratory Infection Consortium Natural History Study (2020)

Abstract Introduction Since the influenza A/H1N1 pandemic of 2009 to 2010, numerous studies have described the clinical course and outcome of the different subtypes of influenza (A/H1N1, A/H3N2, and B). A recent systematic literature review concluded that there were no appreciable differences in either clinical presentation or disease severity among these subtypes, but study parameters limit the applicability of these results to military populations. We sought to evaluate differences in disease severity among influenza subtypes in a cohort of healthy, primarily outpatient adult U.S. Department of Defense beneficiaries. Materials and Methods From 2009 to 2014, we enrolled otherwise healthy adults age 18 to 65 years with influenza-like illness in an observational cohort study based in 5 U.S. military medical centers. Serial nasopharyngeal swabs were collected for determination of etiology and viral shedding by polymerase chain reaction. The presence and severity of symptoms was assessed by interview and patient diary. Results Over a 5-year period, a total of 157 adults with laboratory-confirmed influenza and influenza subtype were enrolled. Of these, 69 (44%) were positive for influenza A(H1N1), 69 (44%) for influenza A(H3N2), and 19 (12%) for influenza B. About 61% were male, 64% were active duty military personnel, and 72% had received influenza vaccine in the past 8 months. Almost 10% were hospitalized with influenza. Seasonal influenza virus distribution among enrollees mirrored that of nationwide trends each year of study. Individuals with A/H1N1 had upper respiratory composite scores that were lower than those with A/H3N2. Multivariate models indicated that individuals with A(H1N1) and B had increased lower respiratory symptom scores when compared to influenza A(H3N2) (A[H1N1]: 1.51 [95% CI 0.47, 2.55]; B: 1.46 [95% CI 0.09, 2.83]), whereas no other differences in symptom severity scores among influenza A(H1N1), influenza A(H3N2), and influenza B infection were observed. Overall, influenza season (maximum in 2012–2013 season) and female sex of the participant were found to be associated with increased influenza symptom severity. Conclusions Our study of influenza in a cohort of otherwise healthy, outpatient adult Department of Defense beneficiaries over 5 influenza seasons revealed few differences between influenza A(H1N1), influenza A(H3N2), and influenza B infection with respect to self-reported disease severity or clinical outcomes. This study highlights the importance of routine, active, and laboratory-based surveillance to monitor ongoing trends and severity of influenza in various populations to inform prevention measures.
First Insights into the Genetic Diversity of the Pinewood Nematode in Its Native Area Using New Polymorphic Microsatellite Loci (2013)

The pinewood nematode, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, native to North America, is the causative agent of pine wilt disease and among the most important invasive forest pests in the East-Asian countries, such as Japan and China. Since 1999, it has been found in Europe in the Iberian Peninsula, where it also causes significant damage. In a previous study, 94 pairs of microsatellite primers have been identified in silico in the pinewood nematode genome. In the present study, specific PCR amplifications and polymorphism tests to validate these loci were performed and 17 microsatellite loci that were suitable for routine analysis of B. xylophilus genetic diversity were selected. The polymorphism of these markers was evaluated on nematodes from four field origins and one laboratory collection strain, all originate from the native area. The number of alleles and the expected heterozygosity varied between 2 and 11 and between 0.039 and 0.777, respectively. First insights into the population genetic structure of B. xylophilus were obtained using clustering and multivariate methods on the genotypes obtained from the field samples. The results showed that the pinewood nematode genetic diversity is spatially structured at the scale of the pine tree and probably at larger scales. The role of dispersal by the insect vector versus human activities in shaping this structure is discussed.
Bandwidth allocation strategies for transporting variable bit rate video traffic (1999)

Large-scale deployment and successful commercialization of digital video services over computer networks strongly depend on the cost effectiveness of these services. Network bandwidth is one of the major factors that impact the cost of a video service. We survey various approaches to reducing the bandwidth requirement for transporting compressed video traffic over high-speed networks.
Liver Damage in Acute Self-induced Hypermanganemia (1982)

• Digitalis constricts the peripheral vasculature. When digitalis is administered to patients whose mesenteric blood flow is reduced secondary to heart failure, the vasoconstrictor action coupled to reduced mesenteric flow may result in mesenteric ischemia or hemorrhagic bowel necrosis. The clinical syndrome of mesenteric ischemia secondary to heart failure and excess digitalis developed in a patient. Splanchnic vasoconstriction was proved angiographically. Both the vasospasm and clinical evidence of mesenteric ischemia were promptly reversed by sodium nitroprusside. (<i>Arch Intern Med</i>1982;142:403-405)
The Educational Experience of Students who are Deaf and Hard of Hearing in Kentucky (2017)

Children who are Deaf or Hard of Hearing (DHH) require much specialized instruction in order to successfully learn in school. Through my course of studies in the Education of the Deaf and Hard of Hearing program at Eastern Kentucky University, I was made aware that there is a shortage of teachers of the deaf in Kentucky, and that as a result many children who are DHH are being taught by teachers without specialized DHH certification. This led to me to wonder just what the educational experience of a child who is DHH in the state of Kentucky looked like. Through my honors thesis, I engaged in research to determine what the actual experiences of these students looked like. I then outlined an ideal educational path for a child who is DHH in the state of Kentucky and compared this to the actual experiences based upon data from a number of sources. Possible causes contributing to a less than ideal educational experience for some children in Kentucky who are DHH experience were discovered. Some of these causes included lack of information for parents about the urgency of following up on newborn hearing screening results, lack of detailed facts about all possible communication options, and insufficient emphasis on the importance of early language development. Additional challenges that were discovered related to the availability of resources and services in certain areas and the overall shortage of qualified personnel across the state. Suggestions for possible solutions will be shared.
Analysis of Hematopoiesis in Mice Irradiated with 500 mGy of X Rays at Different Stages of Development (1995)

We have investigated whether a relatively low dose of 500 mGy of X rays given as a single acute irradiation at different stages of pre- and postnatal development induces significant changes in the content of femoral hematopoietic progenitors during a 1-year period after irradiation. Data obtained show that, in the case of 4-day-old embryos as well as in 2-day, 8-day and 12-week-old mice, this dose is below the threshold capable of inducing a long-term impairment of hematopoiesis in the mouse. Nevertheless, in mice irradiated at the 13th or the 17th day postconception, a hematopoietic dysfunction consisting of a significant reduction in the proportion of femoral granulocyte-macrophage colony-forming units (CFU-GM) was manifested 1 year after irradiation. Our study confirms that, for most stages of development in the mouse, a single acute X irradiation of 500 mGy is below the threshold dose capable of inducing deterministic effects in the mouse hematopoietic system, although it reveals the induction of a significant impairment in the CFU-GM population when irradiation is given at the late stages of embryonic development.
A Data Association Approach for Plot-Sequences Outputted by Multi-Frame Track-Before-Detect (2020)

This paper addresses the data association problem with respect to the multi-frame track-before-detect (MF-TBD). Different from the classical target detection and tracking approaches which declare target and update tracks for each single frame, the MF-TBD can achieve superior performance by integrating target energy over several consecutive frames, especially for dim or fluctuating targets. Moreover, with jointly processing consecutive frames of raw data, the outputs of MF-TBD are plot-sequences. However, in the single-target or multi-target scenario, there needs to assign the plot-sequences to the existing trajectories. In other words, MF-TBD is not a complete target detection and tracking system, or rather, the further tracking treatments are needed, such as the association step. In this paper, by referring to the existing works of data association methods, a novel data association approach for the plot-sequences outputted by MF-TBD is developed. Last, the simulation results show that the proposed algorithm can correctly associate target trajectories with the corresponding plot-sequences and significantly enhance the tracking performance compared with the traditional tracking algorithm.
High Plasma Levels of Gremlin‐1 and Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor, but Not Their Ratio, Indicate an Increased Risk for Acute Coronary Syndrome in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (2016)

Diabetic patients with ACS show increased levels of Gremlin-1 and MIF, leading to unfavorable Gremlin-1/MIF ratios. However, DM2 alone is not associated with low Gremlin-1/MIF ratios.
Effects of built-in biological reactor with different crop straws on sugar content and yield of watermelon (2015)

Effects of built-in straw biological reactor, treated with different kinds of crop straw, on sugar content and yield of watermelon were investigated. The results showed that soil organic matter content was increased by built-in straw biological reactor. Soil bulk densities and salinity were decreased by built-in straw biological reactor. In the watermelon, planting sheds were treated with built-in straw biological reactor of different crop straws, soil temperatures were raised by 2·5–3·5°C and atmospheric CO2 concentrations were elevated by 89·5–137·6%. For the watermelons, harvest dates were advanced by 5–10 days, sugar contents were raised by 10·6–25·0% and yields were increased by 25·6–51·9%. The effects of different crop straws were generally in the order: maize straw>rice straw>vegetable residue and wheat straw. The results indicate that built-in straw biological reactor technology can increase yield and sugar content of watermelon effectively, and maize straw and rice straw are suitable to be used in built-in straw biological reactor.
Perkin communications. Change of rate determining step induced by the gem-dimethyl effect (1989)

The base-catalysed cyclisation to the hydantoin of 2,2,3-trimethyl-5-phenylhydantoate (2; R1= R2= Me) is slower than that of the 2,3-dimethyl compound, even though the acceleration expected from the gem-dimethyl effect is observed for the acid-catalysed reaction.
High-temperature chemistry of the conversion of siloxanes to silicon carbide (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTHigh-temperature chemistry of the conversion of siloxanes to silicon carbideGary T. Burns, Richard B. Taylor, Youren Xu, Avigdor Zangvil, and Gregg A. ZankCite this: Chem. Mater. 1992, 4, 6, 1313–1323Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cm00024a035https://doi.org/10.1021/cm00024a035research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1257Altmetric-Citations148LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Mild and Room Temperature C−C Bond Forming Reactions of Nucleoside C-6 Arylsulfonates (2005)

[reaction: see text] Palladium catalyzed cross coupling of nucleoside arylsulfonates and arylboronic acids has been accomplished under mild conditions and at room temperature. Among three structurally similar ligands that differ in their steric and electronic properties, one yielded an effective catalyst in conjunction with Pd(OAc)2. Of the nucleoside arylsulfonates evaluated, the O6-(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)sulfonate proved optimal, but other alkyl and alkoxy derivatives were also reasonably reactive. On the other hand, a 2-nitrophenyl and a 2-thienyl derivative were ineffective substrates. PhMe and THP were suitable as solvents, yielding good results in several cases, although reactions of some arylboronic acids were faster in PhMe. In contrast, reactions of arylboronic acids bearing strongly electron-withdrawing groups proceeded more successfully in THP. Interplay between several factors that include substituents on the nucleoside arylsulfonate, ligand substituents, and solvent is responsible for successful cross coupling. Using 31P NMR, an initial investigation has been conducted to study the interaction of Pd(OAc)2 with the ligand. At a 1:1 stoichiometry of ligand and Pd(OAc)2, a predominant species, likely a cyclopalladation product, was obtained. At a 2:1 ratio of ligand and Pd(OAc)2, a different species bearing chemically distinct phosphine ligands was observed. Both complexes display catalytic activity, although the 2:1 species may be superior.
Pharmacology of Protein Kinase Inhibitors (1992)

Due to the massive data sets available for drug candidates, modern drug discovery has advanced to the big data era. Central to this shift is the development of artificial intelligence approaches to implementing innovative modeling based on the dynamic, ...Read More
Distribution Analysis of 5' Splice Site-Like Sequences in Human and Mouse pre-mRNAs (2001)

The exon deﬁnition model accounts for the paring between the 3’ splice site and its downstream 5’splice site [5]. It was demonstrated experimentally that 5’ and 3’ splice-site pairing in metazoanpre-mRNAs occurred in the two distinct steps [1]. In our previous paper, we proposed a subclassmethod to predict 5’ splice sites in mammalian pre-mRNAs, and suggested that several 5’ splice sitepattern sequences were observed more frequently on the ﬁrst or second introns than on the otherorder introns [3]. However, the relation between the 5’ splice site sequences and the order of introns iscurrently under investigation. On the other hand, positional characterization of false positives usingcomputational prediction of human splice sites was presented [6]. In the present study, by using aposition-tree method to analyze the distribution of the 5’ splice site-like sequences in human andmouse pre-mRNAs, we obtained the 5’ splice site sequences whose lengths were minimal but weresuﬃcient for specifying the 5’ splice sites. Then we investigated the distribution of the 5’ splice site-like sequences that were one nucleotide shorter than the obtained 5’ splice site sequences. As a result,it was conﬁrmed that the 5’ splice site-like sequences had the tendency of the uneven distributionwithin pre-mRNAs.
Luminescent oxide thin films grown by pulsed laser deposition (1996)

Abstract— Transparent photoluminescent ZnGa 2 O 4 and Tb‐doped Y 3 Al 5 O 12 (YAG:Tb) thin films were deposited on sapphire substrates at 300°C by laser ablation. The targets were made from ZnGa 2 O 4 and YAG:Tb powders prepared with a novel ceramic processing technique (combustion synthesis). The deposition of the films was performed in ultrahigh vacuum with a KrF excimer laser (wavelength = 248 nm) with a fluence of 3.6 J/cm 2 and a repetition rate of 30 Hz. X‐ray diffraction and Auger measurements taken on as‐deposited films indicated that the films were amorphous and showed a reduction in oxygen when compared to the bulk targets, and were not photoluminescent. Post‐annealing treatments in air for at least 1 hour in the range 800–1200°C induced crystallinity and recovered blue photoluminescence on ZnGa 2 O 4 and green photoluminescence on YAG:Tb thin films, respectively.
Optically sensitive devices based on Pt nano particles fabricated by atomic layer deposition and embedded in a dielectric stack (2015)

We report a series of metal insulator semiconductor devices with embedded Pt nano particles (NPs) fabricated using a low temperature atomic layer deposition process. Optically sensitive nonvolatile memory cells as well as optical sensors: (i) varactors, whose capacitance-voltage characteristics, nonlinearity, and peak capacitance are strongly dependent on illumination intensity; (ii) highly linear photo detectors whose responsivity is enhanced due to the Pt NPs. Both single devices and back to back pairs of diodes were used. The different configurations enable a variety of functionalities with many potential applications in biomedical sensing, environmental surveying, simple imagers for consumer electronics and military uses. The simplicity and planar configuration of the proposed devices makes them suitable for standard CMOS fabrication technology.
An Effective Algorithm for Buffer Insertion in General Circuits Based on Network Flow (2007)

The problem of buffer insertion in a single net has been the focus of most previous research works. However, effective algorithms for buffer insertion in whole circuits are generally needed. In this paper, we relate the timing-constrained minimal buffer insertion problem to the convex cost-flow dual problem and propose an algorithm based on the convex cost-flow theory to solve it in combinational circuits. Experimental results demonstrate that our approach is effective. On the average, for the cases where buffering locations are not specified, our approach achieves a 46% reduction on the total buffer area in comparison to a traditional approach; for the cases where buffering locations are specified, our approach achieves a 52% reduction.
High-fat diet increases the severity of Giardia infection in association with low-grade inflammation and gut microbiota dysbiosis (2021)

Exogenous factors that may influence the pathophysiology of Giardia infection remain incompletely understood. We have investigated the role of dietary fat in the pathogenesis of Giardia infection. Male 3 to 4-week-old C57BL/6 mice were fed either a low fat (LF) or a high fat (HF) diet for 12 days and challenged with G. duodenalis. In infected animals, the trophozoite burden was higher in HF + Giardia mice compared to the LF + Giardia group at day 7 post infection. Fatty acids exerted direct pro-growth effects on Giardia trophozoites. Analysis of disease parameters showed that HF + Giardia mice exhibited more mucosal infiltration by inflammatory cells, decreased villus/crypt ratios, goblet cell hyperplasia, mucus disruption, increased gut motility, and elevated fecal water content compared with LF + Giardia. HF diet-dependent exacerbation of Giardia-induced goblet cell hyperplasia was associated with elevated Atoh1 and Muc2 gene expression. Gut microbiota analysis revealed that the HF diet alone induces a taxonomic shift. HF + Giardia mice exhibited microbiota dysbiosis characterized by an increase of Firmicutes and a decrease of Bacteroidetes and significant changes in α- and β-diversity metrics. Taken together, the findings suggest that a HF diet exacerbates the outcome of Giardia infection. The data demonstrate that elevated dietary fat represents an important exogenous factor promoting the pathophysiology of giardiasis.
Sizing and Energy Management of a Hybrid Locomotive Based on Flywheel and Accumulators (2009)

The French National Railways Company (SNCF) is interested in the design of a hybrid locomotive based on various storage devices (accumulator, flywheel, and ultracapacitor) and fed by a diesel generator. This paper particularly deals with the integration of a flywheel device as a storage element with a reduced-power diesel generator and accumulators on the hybrid locomotive. First, a power flow model of energy-storage elements (flywheel and accumulator) is developed to achieve the design of the whole traction system. Then, two energy-management strategies based on a frequency approach are proposed. The first strategy led us to a bad exploitation of the flywheel, whereas the second strategy provides an optimal sizing of the storage device. Finally, a comparative study of the proposed structure with a flywheel and the existing structure of the locomotive (diesel generator, accumulators, and ultracapacitors) is presented.