gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Recovery process of sciatic nerve defect with novel bioabsorbable collagen tubes packed with collagen filaments in dogs (2009)

Autologous nerve graft is the most commonly applied treatment for the patients with peripheral nerve defect, while application is limited because of tissue availability and unfavorable donor site morbidity. To overcome this problem, peripheral nerve regeneration using a nerve conduit has been studied. Especially, nerve conduit using biodegradable materials has been considered promising. In this study, a potential of collagen nerve conduit has been studied with special reference to the regenerating process of a peripheral nerve. Twelve adult female Beagle dogs weighting 10-12 kg were used. The peroneal nerve was cut to make a 30-mm defect. The nerve defect was bridged by the collagen artificial nerve conduit. Comprehensive functional, electrophysiological, morphometrical, and histological analyses were performed until one year after operation. The wet weight of tibialis anterior muscles was only 32.4% of the healthy side at 24 weeks, which was recovered to 77.4% at 52 weeks after denervation. Electrophysiological evaluation of tibialis anterior muscle belly showed polyphasic wave at 52 weeks after implantation, which was almost half amplitude as compared with that of control. The diameters of myelinated nerve fibers thickened day by day, and the average diameter was 5.16 microm at PFN, 3.91 microm at CG, and 3.75 microm at DFN, and average thickness of myelin sheath was 0.94 microm at PFN, 0.46 microm at CG, and 0.55 microm at DFN after 52 weeks. The distribution of myelinated nerve fiber size in the 52 weeks group was distinctly bimodal with the major peak at approximately 2-4 microm and the minor peak at 10-12 microm. These findings were consistent with the distribution of the normal nerve fiber. This study proves the feasibility of the collagen artificial nerve conduit for promoting nerve regeneration, raises new possibilities of seeking alternatives to autograft for nerve repair. The results from this study showed detailed process of morphological, electrophysiological, and functional recovery of the regenerated nerve, which would provide scientific background for this novel therapy.
Trajectory-Based Heating Analysis and In-Depth Response of Ablative Heatshield for Reentry Capsule (2002)

This paper reviews recent applications of trajectory-based analysis to the aerodynamic heating environment for some entry capsules, specifically MUSES-C, Stardust, and Pioneer-Venus probes. In order to explain unexpected problems observed during the entry flight of Pioneer-Venus and Galileo probe, this analysis method solves thermochemical nonequilibrium flowfield by the computational fluid dynamics code that is coupled loosely with the ablation module and radiation module along the entry trajectory. The effect of early transition of boundary layer due to ablation products gas is also considered in this approach. The assessment of this analysis method and the difficulty of reproducing thermal response of ablator are reviewed.
Pregnant female anthropometry from ct scans for finite element model development. (2008)

In this study, anthropometry data is collected from a CT scan of a pregnant abdomen at 32 weeks gestation. Over 1500 fetal losses occur each year in the United States due to motor vehicles crashes. Pregnant occupants involved in motor vehicle crashes are at risk for pregnancy-specific injuries. Masks of the fetus, uterus, placenta, and each of the abdominal organs are created by segmentation of the CT slices and three-dimensional volume renderings are formed. The volume and Hounsfield unit ranges for the masks of each abdominal organ are calculated. The total volume of the uterus in the 3rd trimester is measured as 3378 cm3. By measuring the length of bones on the fetal skeleton from CT slices and the 3D rendering, the gestational age of the fetus is estimated to be 32 weeks by comparison with literature values. Measurements of each of the abdominal organs are also obtained from the 3D rendering to create a blueprint of the pregnant anatomy. The masks developed and the anthropometric measurements taken will be used to develop a more accurate FE model of the pregnant female for use in the research and development in academia, industry, and government.
Katalytische Synthesen N‐heterocyclischer Inone und Indione durch In‐situ‐Aktivierung von Carbonsäuren mit Oxalylchlorid (2011)

Engpass überwunden! α-Ketocarbonsäuren und N-heterocyclische Carbonsäuren können mit Oxalylchlorid in situ aktiviert und im Anschluss katalytisch alkinyliert werden. Dabei entstehen sehr effizient in einem Ein-Topf-Verfahren Indione und notorisch schwierige N-heterocyclische Inone. 5-Acylpyrazole und 2-Phenylaminopyrimidine, die für pharmazeutische Anwendungen interessant sind, werden in kurzen Dreikomponenten-Synthesen leicht zugänglich (siehe Schema). Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Improving the thermostability and acid resistance of Rhizopus oryzae α‐amylase by using multiple sequence alignment based site‐directed mutagenesis (2020)

Higher thermostability or acid resistance for fungal α-amylase will help to improve the sugar-making process and cut down the production costs. Here, the thermostability or acid resistance of Rhizopus oryzae α-amylase (ROAmy) was significantly enhanced by site-directed evolution based on multiple sequence alignment (MSA) method. For instance, compared with the wild-type ROAmy, the optimum temperature of mutants G136D and A144Y was increased from 50 to 55 °C, whereas for mutants V174R and I276P, the optimum temperature was increased from 50 to 60 °C. The optimum pH of mutants G136D and A144Y shifted from 5.5 to 5.0, whereas for mutants V174R and T253E, the optimum pH changed from 5.5 to 4.5. The results showed that mutant V174R had a 2.52-fold increase in half-life at 55 °C, a 2.55-fold increase in half-life at pH 4.5, and a 1.61-fold increase in catalytic efficiency (k<sub>cat</sub> /K<sub>m</sub> ) on soluble starch. The three-dimensional model simulation revealed that changes of hydrophilicity, hydrogen bond, salt bridge, or rigidity observed in mutants might mainly account for the improvement of thermostability and acid resistance. The mutants with improved catalytic properties attained in this work may render an accessible and operable approach for directed evolution of fungal α-amylase aimed at interesting functions.
Thermosensitive plasmid replication, temperature-sensitive host growth, and chromosomal plasmid integration conferred by Lactococcus lactis subsp. cremoris lactose plasmids in Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis (1991)

Evidence is presented that lactose-fermenting ability (Lac+) in Lactococcus lactis subsp. cremoris AM1, SK11, and ML1 is associated with plasmid DNA, even though these strains are difficult to cure of Lac plasmids. When the Lac plasmids from these strains were introduced into L. lactis subsp. lactis LM0230, they appeared to replicate in a thermosensitive manner; inheritance of the plasmid was less efficient at 32 to 40 degrees C than at 22 degrees C. The stability of the L. lactis subsp. cremoris Lac plasmids in lactococci appeared to be a combination of both host and plasmid functions. Stabilized variants were isolated by growing the cultures at 32 to 40 degrees C; these variants contained the Lac plasmids integrated into the L. lactis subsp. lactis LM0230 chromosome. In addition, the presence of the L. lactis subsp. cremoris Lac plasmids in L. lactis subsp. lactis resulted in a temperature-sensitive growth response; growth of L. lactis subsp. lactis transformants was significantly inhibited at 38 to 40 degrees C, thereby resembling some L. lactis subsp. cremoris strains with respect to temperature sensitivity of growth.
Molecular characterization of heat shock proteins 90 (HSP83?) and 70 in tropical strains of Bombyx mori (2010)

Following the concept of whole organism, we have extracted total protein from the Bombyx mori for the identification and analysis of HSPs. Expression of 90 kDa HSP in first, second and third instars, 84 kDa in fourth instar and 90-, 84-, 62-, 60-, 52- and 33-kDa HSPs in fifth instar larvae of tropical polyvoltine and bivoltine silkworm strains were obvious. Further, we have combined single and 2-DE with MALDI-TOF for analysis of BmHSPs. Ninety kilodalton band excised from 1-DE gel was identified as HSP83 by MALDI-TOF-MS. The immunoblot analysis confirmed the expression of HSP90 in all the instars larvae of B. mori. Heat shock-induced protein spots were excised from 2-DE gels for MALDI-TOF-MS analysis. The Mascot search results are for HSP68, HSC70-1 and HSP70Ba in Pure Mysore, and major HSP70Bbb, HSP68, HSC-3 and HSP83 in NB(4)D(2). Multiple sequence alignment explicit the variations in amino acid sequence between Pure Mysore and NB(4)D(2). Notably, the PMF of spot 2 matched the coding sequence of B. mori and its gene annotation was determined on chromosome 9. With this novel approach, expression of BmHSP90 was confirmed in all the instars and uncovered isoforms of BmHSP70, which provided unequivocal insight to analyze and understand the biological significance in B. mori.
ICME Modeling of Erosion in Gas-Turbine Grade CMC and HVOF Test (2022)

Abstract Erosion of gas turbine grade ceramic matrix composites (CMC) has recently attracted attention because it limits performance and component life in hot engines. This study developed physics of erosion failure evolution including delamination, cavity formation, and fiber loss using an integrated computational material engineering (ICME) approach. The erosion behavior of two CMC systems at two elevated temperatures (ET) under two high velocities is tested utilizing a high velocity oxygen fuel (HVOF). Two CMC erodent systems were selected, and experiments showed that erodent type and size affect erosion degradation which shows sensitivity to retained strength test after erosion. A computational Multi-Scale Progressive Failure Analysis (MS-PFA) predicted the erosion and post-erosion behavior of CMC’s. Prediction of material degradation, micro-crack formation, interfacial degradation, and retained strength closely matched test observations. Method: A Multiphysics-based ICME methodology, and virtual design of experiment (DOE) software method includes: 1) Thermo-physics modeling of galvanic ash particles of layered ceramics predicting the mass transfer, 2) Micro-Mechanical Material model including layered CMC interphase and microcrack density, predicting progressive erosion evaluation and delamination, fracture toughness and hardness, and 3) Finite element explicit software predicting: a) Erosion rate as a function of impact angle under ambient temperature conditions; b) Effect of erodent concentration on erosion rate; c) Erosion rate as a function of velocity at 815°C and 1200°C under normal impact conditions; d) Variation of erosion rate with impingement angle and particle size, and velocity range; and e) Erosion rate as a function of erodent concentration, particle size, temperature and velocity under normal impact conditions.
ANSYS-Based Dynamic Analysis of High-Speed Motorized Spindle (2009)

In the paper, the characteristics of mode and harmonic response of the axis of the high-speed motorized spindle are presented with the FEM (Finite Element Method). A dual-dimension model with the FEM is developed and simulated using ANSYS commercial software. The result shows that the rated rotating speed of the high-speed motorized spindle is far smaller than the first-order natural resonance speed, and the dynamic displacement and stiffness do not change significantly compared with the static performance of working of the motorized spindle. The dynamic characteristics of the motorized spindle are in accord with the requirements of design.
Coronavirus disease 2019: a lesson from history (2021)

Viral infections have become an increasingly worsening threat, SARS-Cov-2 is the third coronavirus that emerged during the past twenty years. The contagion can also occur by inhalation of aerosolized viruses, capable of floating in the air for long times (in closed spaces) and traveling unknown distances. A lesson from history shows that exclusive infectious disease hospitals with multiple building are still a modern architectural choice. Individual spaces are needed and this is an important way to reduce the viral load. Nowadays, the restrictions should involve not only the interpersonal relationships but also environmental measures.
From Palliation to Targeted Therapy in Myelofibrosis (2010)

Myelofibrosis is a very debilitating chronic myeloproliferative neoplasm.1 It may be primary or develop late in the course of essential thrombocythemia or polycythemia vera, the two most common and benign myeloproliferative neoplasms. Patients with myelofibrosis have shortened survival and a reduced quality of life. The current treatment is palliative and aimed at alleviating symptoms due to splenomegaly, controlling myeloproliferation, and improving anemia and other cytopenias.In this issue of the Journal, Verstovsek et al. report on the results of a phase 1−2 trial of an oral Janus kinase 1 (JAK1) and Janus kinase 2 (JAK2) inhibitor, INCB018424, in advanced myelofibrosis. . . .
Apamin-sensitive Ca2+-activated K+ channels regulate pacemaker activity in nigral dopamine neurons (1996)

Mesencephalic dopamine-containing neurons exhibit a Ca(2+)-dependent oscillation in membrane potential believed to underlie the ability of these cells to maintain spontaneous activity in the absence of afferent synaptic drive. In the present series of experiments, sharp electrode intracellular recording techniques were used in conjunction with an in vitro brain slice preparation to explore the ionic mechanisms underlying rhythmogenesis in nigral dopamine neurons in the rat. Our results indicate that the K+ channel producing the prolonged post-spike afterhyperpolarization exhibited by these neurons is also principally responsible for generating the falling phase of the autogenous pacemaker oscillation. Alterations in the expression of this conductance are associated with marked changes in neuronal firing pattern, indicating that modulation of ligand-gated Ca(2+)-activated K+ channels may constitute a functional means of altering temporal coding among the major mesotelencephalic dopamine systems.
Electron spin resonance of perfluorocyclobutanone ketyl. Long-range fluorine coupling (1968)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTElectron spin resonance of perfluorocyclobutanone ketyl. Long-range fluorine couplingJohn L. Gerlock and Edward G. JanzenCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1968, 72, 5, 1832–1834Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1968Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1968https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100851a087https://doi.org/10.1021/j100851a087research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views19Altmetric-Citations13LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
<title>Fiber channel storage interface for video-on-demand servers</title> (1996)

The emerging `information super-highway' and accelerating improvements in computer and mass storage technologies will soon make multimedia services, such as video-on-demand (VOD), a reality. Since a media server will be required to move a large amount of data over distribution networks, its I/O subsystem design is critical to its success. In this paper, we explore a new technology, Fiber Channel, as a storage interface for video servers. Specifically, we study Fiber Channel loop topology that attaches multiple disk drives to a server host. In order to compare the performance of the new Fiber Channel interface with existing parallel SCSI, we built a video server simulator that simulates the behavior of both interfaces. The results show that with the same number of disks and the same system configurations, one Fiber Channel loop can achieve 50% higher performance (measured by the number of concurrent streams supported by the server) than four fast/wide SCSI channels. Our results show that Fiber Channel is attractive as a video/media server I/O interface. We also analyze the buffer size requirements and I/O transfer size for various configurations.
Dynamics of DNA Methylation during Early Development of the Preimplantation Bovine Embryo (2013)

There is species divergence in control of DNA methylation during preimplantation development. The exact pattern of methylation in the bovine embryo has not been established nor has its regulation by gender or maternal signals that regulate development such as colony stimulating factor 2 (CSF2). Using immunofluorescent labeling with anti-5-methylcytosine and embryos produced with X-chromosome sorted sperm, it was demonstrated that methylation decreased from the 2-cell stage to the 6-8 cell stage and then increased thereafter up to the blastocyst stage. In a second experiment, embryos of specific genders were produced by fertilization with X- or Y-sorted sperm. The developmental pattern was similar to the first experiment, but there was stage × gender interaction. Methylation was greater for females at the 8-cell stage but greater for males at the blastocyst stage. Treatment with CSF2 had no effect on labeling for DNA methylation in blastocysts. Methylation was lower for inner cell mass cells (i.e., cells that did not label with anti-CDX2) than for trophectoderm (CDX2-positive). The possible role for DNMT3B in developmental changes in methylation was evaluated by determining gene expression and degree of methylation. Steady-state mRNA for DNMT3B decreased from the 2-cell stage to a nadir for D 5 embryos >16 cells and then increased at the blastocyst stage. High resolution melting analysis was used to assess methylation of a CpG rich region in an intronic region of DNMT3B. Methylation percent decreased between the 6-8 cell and the blastocyst stage but there was no difference in methylation between ICM and TE. Results indicate that DNA methylation undergoes dynamic changes during the preimplantation period in a manner that is dependent upon gender and cell lineage. Developmental changes in expression of DNMT3B are indicative of a possible role in changes in methylation. Moreover, DNMT3B itself appears to be under epigenetic control by methylation.
DALnet: High-resolution photoacoustic projection imaging using deep learning (2018)

Photoacoustic tomography (PAT) is an emerging and non-invasive hybrid imaging modality for visualizing light absorbing structures in biological tissue. The recently invented PAT systems using arrays of 64 parallel integrating line detectors allow capturing photoacoustic projection images in fractions of a second. Standard image formation algorithms for this type of setup suffer from under-sampling due to the sparse detector array, blurring due to the finite impulse response of the detection system, and artifacts due to the limited detection view. To address these issues, in this paper we develop a new direct and non-iterative image reconstruction framework using deep learning. Within this approach we combine the dynamic aperture length (DAL) correction algorithm with a deep convolutional neural network (CNN). As demonstrated by simulation and experiment, the resulting DALnet is capable of producing high-resolution projection images of 3D structures in fractions of seconds.
Viruses as Building Blocks for Materials and Devices (2007)

From the viewpoint of a materials scientist, viruses can be regarded as organic nanoparticles. They are composed of a small number of different (bio)polymers: proteins and nucleic acids. Many viruses are enveloped in a lipid membrane and all viruses do not have a metabolism of their own, but rather use the metabolic machinery of a living cell for their replication. Their surface carries specific tools designed to cross the barriers of their host cells. The size and shape of viruses, and the number and nature of the functional groups on their surface, is precisely defined. As such, viruses are commonly used in materials science as scaffolds for covalently linked surface modifications. A particular quality of viruses is that they can be tailored by directed evolution by taking advantage of their inbuilt colocalization of geno- and phenotypes. The powerful techniques developed by life sciences are becoming the basis of engineering approaches towards nanomaterials, opening a wide range of applications far beyond biology and medicine.
Mixed‐mode subcritical crack growth in orthotropic polymers (2008)

Abstract A semi‐empirical model of mixed‐mode sub‐critical crack propagation is presented for orthotropic polymers subjected to continuous loading. The model considers a combination of opening and shearing propagation modes. Optical measurement of crack propagation in an orthotropic liquid crystalline polymer film for orientation angles, which define the orientation of the loading to the extrusion direction, of 45 and 90° provides the empirical constants required by the model. The model is validated by comparison of predicted and measured crack propagation at 30, 60, and 75°. The impact of orientation angle on crack propagation is significant. A critical angle is identified at which the crack propagation rates for the opening and shearing modes are equivalent. For orientation angles less than the critical angle the crack growth is dominated by the shearing mode. For orientation angles greater than the critical angle, the crack growth is dominated by the opening mode. For the liquid crystalline polymer film tested, the critical angle is 52.6°. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2008. © 2008 Society of Plastics Engineers