gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Component-Integrated NOx-sensors with Doped Semiconducting Metal-Oxide Electrodes for Control and Monitoring of Exhaust Emission Reduction (2010)

Catalytic convertors of after-treatment systems take up a challenging task to reduce emission effectively and reliably in exhausts of gasoline and diesel engines. Exhaust emission fluctuates during the driving period and this may indicate engine malfunction. The concentration of carbon monoxide in combustion gases can give an indication about the general state of this process. Real-time signals from other gases (e.g. NOx) would also be needed in order to establish a basis for more sophisticated control procedures. Catalytic convertors can help to detect such failure by means of embedded and OBD-integrated sensors. In this respect, semiconducting materials can be employed. Among those, the metal oxides such as SnO2 and TiO2 can detect NO/NO2 if doped with trivalent elements (e.g. Cr3+, Al3+, etc.). It is reported that the selectivity of TiO2-sensors towards NO2 in oxygen containing environment increases by doping with aluminium at operation temperatures as high as 500°C (1). Moreover, the incorporation of Cr up to 10 at% into TiO2 yields p-type conductivity resulting in sensor stability and increased selectivity towards NO2 (2). Increased sensor selectivity is important for NOx-detection from exhaust gases, since most of which are oxidising and influence the conductivity of the sensor material. &#13;\nBasing on these previous investigations, we prepared Cr- and Al-doped TiO2 and Al-doped SnO2 sensor electrodes by reactive sputtering. Sensor characteristics towards NO and NO2 were tested at the temperature range of 300-700°C, depending on the application and material. Doping of semiconducting metal oxides resulted in the alteration of microstructure, phase sequence and consequently in the sensing properties of the electrode material. Moreover, the function of the sensor in context of the NOx-reducing catalyst material was also evaluated. Considering the complex chemical reactions and thermal variations occurring along a catalytic convertor, employment of different types of the sensing materials in form of arrays was required. Accordingly, sensing electrodes were tested either for detection of high NOx-concentrations at high temperatures (&gt; 500°C) or alternatively ultra-low NOx-concentrations (&lt;2 ppm) at relatively lower temperatures (300-400°C). Sensing properties of the semi-conducting oxide electrodes were adjusted by tailoring the doping to yield the specific sensing abilities. Moreover, the function of the sensor in context of the catalytic material was also evaluated.&#13;\n
Fast instruction cache simulation strategies in a hardware/software co-design environment (1999)

Cache memories are one of the main factors that affect software performance, and their use is becoming increasingly common even in embedded systems. Efficient analysis of the effects of parameter variations (cache dimensions, degree of associativity, replacement policy, line size, ...) is at the same time an essential and very time-consuming aspect of embedded system design, whose complexity increases when multi-tasking and real-time aspects must be considered. We propose a new simulation-based methodology, focused on an approximate model of the cache and of the multi-tasking reactive software, that allows one to trade off smoothly between accuracy and simulation speed. In particular, we propose to accurately consider intra-task conflicts, but approximate inter-task conflicts by considering only a finite number of previous task executions. The rationale for this choice can be found in a common pattern in embedded systems, where a "normal" data flow results in a regular intra-task common flow, interrupted from time to time by some urgent event, that pessimistically can be consider as disrupting the cache behavior. The approach is conservative because re-execution of a task after a large amount of time will always be considered as not in cache, and the simulation speed-up is considerable, as shown by theoretical analysis and experimental results.
Rh(iii)-catalyzed regioselective intermolecular N-methylene Csp3–H bond carbenoid insertion (2017)

A Rh(iii)-catalyzed regioselective intermolecular carbenoid insertion into the <i>N</i>-methylene Csp<sup>3</sup>-H bond of acyclic aliphatic amides has been achieved, taking advantage of bidentate-chelation assistance. This methodology has been successfully applied to a broad range of linear and branched-chain <i>N</i>-alkylamides, thus providing a practical method for the assembly of diverse beta-amino esters. Mechanism studies and density functional theory (DFT) calculations revealed that a singlet Fischer type carbene insertion <i>via</i> an outer-sphere pathway was involved in this <i>N</i>-methylene Csp<sup>3</sup>-H bond carbenoid insertion.
Mixed Incontinence (2007)

A 57-yr-old woman presents with significant mixed incontinence requiring six heavy pads per day. She says both aspects of the incontinence (stress urinary incontinence [SUI] and urge incontinence [UI]) are equally bothersome. She has failed pelvic floor exercises and multiple anticholinergics. Physical exam reveals no prolapse, but she does have some urethral hypermobility. No other testing has been done.
Groundwater NMR in conductive water (1996)

Abstract A surface method of groundwater prospecting using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) in the Earth's magnetic field is under study. The technique is employed for hydrogeological surveys down to a depth of about 100 m. The advantage of this method is that an NMR signal can be observed only in the presence of groundwater. A circular wire loop with a diameter of 100 m is laid out on the ground to excite and receive the NMR signal. An oscillating current with a rectangular pulse-shape is passed through the loop, with the carrier-frequency being equal to the proton-resonance frequency in the Earth's field. The excitation pulse is followed by a nuclear induction emf caused by the free Larmor precession in the Earth's field. Of practical importance is the effect of the electrical conductivity of the ground on a groundwater NMR survey. Finite-ground conductivity can result in induced currents that can screen the NMR signal. The calculations of NMR signals are based on the transformation of Maxwell's equations in terms of magnetic Hertz potentials through use of the reciprocity principle. Groundwater NMR is measured with an instrument designed at the Institute of Chemical Kinetics and Combustion, Russian Academy of Science, Novosibirsk. Experiments were conducted in the Altay region of Russia. Both NMR-signal amplitude and phase, were measured and compared with the calculated results for horizontally stratified media. Borehole logs and vertical-resistivity profiles were also used for evaluation of results. The conductivity is shown to affect both phase and amplitude of the NMR signal at resistivities of a few to a few tens of ohm-m depending on the depth of the water-saturated layers. There is good agreement between calculated and experimental data. It is also established that the measurements of only NMR amplitude and phase are not sufficient for determining groundwater salinity.
Dynamic Road Management in the Era of CAV (2020)

Vehicular traffic congestion has become a daily problem that most people suffer from, especially in urban areas. Moreover, the remarkable research results coming from the fields of in-vehicle digital technology, wireless communication, embedded systems, intelligent routing system, sensors and ad-hoc technologies have given rise to the emergence and evolution of connected autonomous vehicles (CAVs). The transportation community has come to realize that balancing the traffic load on existing roads is a key for effective mitigation of congestion. The key features of the dynamic traffic management (DTM) paradigm are exploiting interaction with the drivers (or vehicles) to predict traffic jams and proactively employ means to avoid them. This chapter introduces the reader to the notion of DTM in the context of intelligent transportation system. Particularly, the complications in realizing the full potential of DTM are discussed and how CAV can be instrumental in overcoming these complications.
Oracle8i Internal Services for Waits, Latches, Locks, and Memory (1999)

From the Publisher:
This concise book contains detailed information about Oracle internals -- information that's not readily available to Oracle customers. It lays a foundation for advanced performance tuning of the Oracle database. Based on Oracle8i release 8.1, the book describes many of the secrets of Oracle's internal services: data structures, algorithms, and undocumented Oracle system statistics. Main topics include: 
* Waits - how Oracle processes communicate via semaphores, and how to use the Oracle wait statistics to identify the source of performance problems. 
* Latches - how they keep multiple processes from inspecting protected data structures at the same time, and how to examine and control latch behavior and statistics. 
* Locks - how they work with latches to protect data structures (locks allow multiple sessions to share resources in some cases), and how locks affect performance. There is also a detailed discussion of instance locks, which are used in parallel server environments. 
* Memory - how Oracle uses memory (e.g., the various elements of the System Global Area), and how Oracle dynamically allocates and manages memory. 
Oracle8i Internal Services is aimed especially at administrators and developers who need detailed internal information to do advanced performance tuning. The book will expand your repertoire of tuning solutions and troubleshooting techniques by explaining how you can use Oracle's hidden parameters and undocumented system statistics to best advantage. 
NOTE: The author has collected the scripts he has developed for tuning and analysis into a toolkit (known as APT, for Advanced Performance Tuning). These scripts access the Oracle X$ tables directly and provide information not otherwise available. The scripts are available to readers for free from the O'Reilly web site.
A bioreactor system for in vitro tendon differentiation and tendon tissue engineering (2015)

There is significant clinical demand for functional tendon grafts in human and veterinary medicine. Tissue engineering techniques combining cells, scaffolds, and environmental stimuli may circumvent the shortcomings of traditional transplantation processes. In this study, the influence of cyclic mechanical stimulation on graft maturation and cellular phenotype was assessed in an equine model. Decellularized tendon scaffolds from four equine sources were seeded with syngeneic bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells and subjected to 0%, 3%, or 5% strain at 0.33 Hz for up to 1 h daily for 11 days. Cells cultured at 3% strain integrated deep into their scaffolds, altered extracellular matrix composition, adopted tendon-like gene expression profiles, and increased construct elastic modulus and ultimate tensile strength to native levels. This bioreactor protocol is therefore suitable for cultivating replacement tendon material or as an in vitro model for studying differentiation of stem cells toward tendon.
Hydrophobic PDMS promotes neural progenitor formation from SHEDs by Schwann cell–cultivated medium induction (2017)

In this study, the ability of rat Schwann cell-conditioned medium to transdifferentiate stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHEDs) into neural-like cells was evaluated. Furthermore, the potential effects of the hydrophobic polymer polydimethylsiloxane on neurosphere formation by the neural-like transdifferentiated SHED were investigated. The inducing effects of Rat Schwann cell-cultivated medium (RSC-CM) to SHED differentiation were investigated by inverted phase contrast microscopy. Cellular clusters formed fast at 7-day culture. Immune-fluorescent staining and neural gene expression performed by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction showed the positive expression of nestin, tubulin III, γ-enolase, and glial fibrillary acidic protein of neural marker. Thus, RSC-CM can induce effectively neural differentiation from SHED cells.
Annual Vaccination against Influenza Virus Hampers Development of Virus-Specific CD8+T Cell Immunity in Children (2011)

Infection with seasonal influenza A viruses induces immunity to potentially pandemic influenza A viruses of other subtypes (heterosubtypic immunity). We recently demonstrated that vaccination against seasonal influenza prevented the induction of heterosubtypic immunity against influenza A/H5N1 virus induced by infection with seasonal influenza in animal models, which correlated with the absence of virus-specific CD8(+) T cell responses. Annual vaccination of all healthy children against influenza has been recommended, but the impact of vaccination on the development of the virus-specific CD8(+) T cell immunity in children is currently unknown. Here we compared the virus-specific CD8(+) T cell immunity in children vaccinated annually with that in unvaccinated children. In the present study, we compared influenza A virus-specific cellular and humoral responses of unvaccinated healthy control children with those of children with cystic fibrosis (CF) who were vaccinated annually. Similar virus-specific CD4(+) T cell and antibody responses were observed, while an age-dependent increase of the virus-specific CD8(+) T cell response that was absent in vaccinated CF children was observed in unvaccinated healthy control children. Our results indicate that annual influenza vaccination is effective against seasonal influenza but hampers the development of virus-specific CD8(+) T cell responses. The consequences of these findings are discussed in the light of the development of protective immunity to seasonal and future pandemic influenza viruses.
Testability, debuggability, and manufacturability features of the UltraSPARC-I microprocessor (2002)

This paper describes the testability, debuggability, and manufacturability features of the UltraSPARC-I microprocessor. Due to the aggressive nature of this high performance design, these three areas needed to be addressed at the beginning of the project to ensure success. We present the goals and analysis that lead to our decisions as well as the actual features that were implemented. The features described in this paper have helped enormously in achieving the time-to-volume goals and hence the overall success of the product.
Large-Scale Analysis of Cell Death Phenotypic Heterogeneity (2020)

SUMMARY Individual cancer cells within a population can exhibit substantial phenotypic heterogeneity such that exposure to a lethal agent will kill only a fraction of cells at a given time. Whether common molecular mechanisms govern this fractional killing in response to different lethal stimuli is poorly understood. In part, this is because it is difficult to compare fractional killing between conditions using existing approaches. Here, we show that fractional killing can be quantified and compared for hundreds of populations in parallel using high-throughput time-lapse imaging. We find that fractional killing is highly variable between lethal agents and between cell lines. At the molecular level, we find that the antiapoptotic protein MCL1 is an important determinant of fractional killing in response to mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway inhibitors but not other lethal stimuli. These studies lay the foundation for the large-scale, quantitative analysis of cell death phenotypic heterogeneity.
A Novel Three-Dimensional Computational Method to Assess Rod Contour Deformation and to Map Bony Fusion in a Lumbopelvic Reconstruction After En-Bloc Sacrectomy (2022)

<b>Introduction:</b> En-bloc resection of a primary malignant sacral tumor with wide oncological margins impacts the biomechanics of the spinopelvic complex, deteriorating postoperative function. The closed-loop technique (CLT) for spinopelvic fixation (SPF) uses a single U-shaped rod to restore the spinopelvic biomechanical integrity. The CLT method was designed to provide a non-rigid fixation, however this hypothesis has not been previously tested. Here, we establish a computational method to measure the deformation of the implant and characterize the bony fusion process based on the 6-year follow-up (FU) data. <b>Materials and Methods:</b> Post-operative CT scans were collected of a male patient who underwent total sacrectomy at the age of 42 due to a chordoma. CLT was used to reconstruct the spinopelvic junction. We defined the 3D geometry of the implant construct. Using rigid registration algorithms, a common coordinate system was created for the CLT to measure and visualize the deformation of the construct during the FU. In order to demonstrate the cyclical loading of the construct, the patient underwent gait analysis at the 6th year FU. First, a region of interest (ROI) was selected at the proximal level of the construct, then the deformation was determined during the follow-up period. In order to investigate the fusion process, a single axial slice-based voxel finite element (FE) mesh was created. The Hounsfield values (HU) were determined, then using an empirical linear equation, bone mineral density (BMD) values were assigned for every mesh element, out of 10 color-coded categories (1st category = 0 g/cm<sup>3</sup>, 10th category 1.12 g/cm<sup>3</sup>). <b>Results:</b> Significant correlation was found between the number of days postoperatively and deformation in the sagittal plane, resulting in a forward bending tendency of the construct. Volume distributions were determined and visualized over time for the different BMD categories and it was found that the total volume of the elements in the highest BMD category in the first postoperative CT was 0.04 cm<sup>3</sup>, at the 2nd year, FU was 0.98 cm<sup>3</sup>, and after 6 years, it was 2.30 cm<sup>3</sup>. <b>Conclusion:</b> The CLT provides a non-rigid fixation. The quantification of implant deformation and bony fusion may help understate the complex lumbopelvic biomechanics after sacrectomy.
Designing Network Security, Second Edition (2003)

A procedure for pineapple [Ananas comosus (L.) Merr.] genetic transformation is described, which involves temporary immersion bioreactors (TIB) for selection of transgenic plants. Success in the production of transgenic pineapple plants combines tissue culture factors. Firstly, the use of regenerable pineapple callus as starting material for transformation whose cells shown to be competent for Agrobacterium infection. Secondly, the used of filtered callus, resulting in homogeneously sized clusters, thereby increasing the contact between the cell surfaces and A. tumefaciens and releasing phenolic compounds which induce Agrobacterium virulence. Thirdly, regeneration of primary plants without selection pressure, that allowing a massive production of putative transgenic pineapples. Finally, we support that TIB technology is a powerful system to recover nonchimera transgenic plants by micropropagation with the use of an adequate selection agent.
NeD: The Network Extensible Debugger (1992)

_ N9D is a debugging server with a programmable network interface. NeD is designed to be flexible and extensible enough to support a wide range of debugging needs. Debugging clients communicate with NeD by sending it programs to execute. The programming language, NeDtcl, is tcl[l] extended with 30 debugging specifrc functions. NeD can be usea as a traditional debugger with a textual interface, but the user would frnd the language cumbersome. It is designed to be convenient for communication between programs, rather than between program and user. As a demonstration of NeD's viability as a debugging server, the pdb[2] debugger has been retargeted to use NeD as its server.
Understanding the mechanism of hydrogen peroxide production in Mycoplasma mycoides subspecies capri using synthetic biology techniques (2014)

International audience
85 km Long Reach PON System Using a Reflective SOA-EA Modulator and Distributed Raman Fiber Amplification (2006)

We report on a bidirectional 85 km long reach PON system supported by distributed fiber Raman amplification with a record 7.5 Gb/s remote carrier modulated upstream signal by employing a reflective SOA-EA monolithically integrated circuit
An Asymmetric 2.4 GHz Directional Coupler Using Electrical Balance (2016)

The concept of electrical balance is used to achieve wideband isolation in an asymmetric 2.4 GHz directional coupler. An intuitive approach using impedance transformation property of transmission lines is used to develop the theory for designing arbitrary-coupling-ratio directional couplers. A coupler based on this theory is designed and fabricated on a two-layered RO4003C PCB. The coupler achieves a return loss of better than 10 dB over a 1.7-2.7 GHz range. The transmission coefficients of the strongly and weakly coupled ports are around -3.5 dB and -5 dB respectively, at 2.4 GHz. The isolation is better than 25 dB over a 1.4-3 GHz range.
PdII-Catalyzed Oxidative 1,1-Diarylation of Terminal Olefins (2010)

Evaluation of the scope of a Pd(II)-catalyzed oxidative 1,1-diarylation reaction of terminal olefins using aryl stannanes is reported. The reaction is shown to be tolerant of functionality commonly encountered in organic synthesis; however, the reaction outcome was found to be dependent on the nature of the aryl stannane used. A mechanistic rationale for the observation of this influence is provided.
Disentangling the Effects of Colocalizing Genomic Annotations to Functionally Prioritize Non-coding Variants within Complex-Trait Loci (2015)

Identifying genomic annotations that differentiate causal from trait-associated variants is essential to fine mapping disease loci. Although many studies have identified non-coding functional annotations that overlap disease-associated variants, these annotations often colocalize, complicating the ability to use these annotations for fine mapping causal variation. We developed a statistical approach (Genomic Annotation Shifter [GoShifter]) to assess whether enriched annotations are able to prioritize causal variation. GoShifter defines the null distribution of an annotation overlapping an allele by locally shifting annotations; this approach is less sensitive to biases arising from local genomic structure than commonly used enrichment methods that depend on SNP matching. Local shifting also allows GoShifter to identify independent causal effects from colocalizing annotations. Using GoShifter, we confirmed that variants in expression quantitative trail loci drive gene-expression changes though DNase-I hypersensitive sites (DHSs) near transcription start sites and independently through 3' UTR regulation. We also showed that (1) 15%-36% of trait-associated loci map to DHSs independently of other annotations; (2) loci associated with breast cancer and rheumatoid arthritis harbor potentially causal variants near the summits of histone marks rather than full peak bodies; (3) variants associated with height are highly enriched in embryonic stem cell DHSs; and (4) we can effectively prioritize causal variation at specific loci.
Visual Landmark Constellation Matching for Spacecraft Pinpoint Landing (2009)

This paper presents a vision-based approach to estimate the absolute position of a planetary lander during the last stages of the descent. The approach relies on the matching of landmarks detected in the descent imagery with landmarks previously detected in orbiter images. The matching process must be robust with respect to scale and radiometry dierences in the image data: it mainly relies on the geometric repartition of the landmarks, rather than on radiometric signatures computed from the image signal. It must also satisfy other requirements like low memory requirement and ecient hardware implementation due to spatial system’s constraints. First results using a simulator are presented and discussed.