gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Comparison of the effectiveness of gene therapy with transforming growth factor‐β or extracorporal shock wave therapy to reduce ischemic necrosis in an epigastric skin flap model in rats (2005)

The induction of neoangiogenesis by exogenous growth factors in failing skin flaps has recently yielded promising results. Gene transfer with virus vectors has been introduced as a highly capable route of administration for growth factors, such as vascular endothelial growth factor or fibroblast growth factor. Extracorporal shock waves (ESW) deliver energy by means of high amplitudes of sound to the target tissue and have been shown to induce angiogenesis. We compared the effectiveness of gene therapy with adenovirus-mediated transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) and ESW therapy to treat ischemically challenged epigastric skin flaps in a rat model. Thirty male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into three groups of 10 each with an 8 x 8 cm epigastric skin flap. Rats received either subdermal injections of adenovirus (Ad) encoding TGF-beta (10(8) pfu) or ESW treatment with 750 impulses at 0.15 mJ/mm2. The third group received no treatment and served as a control group. Flap viability was evaluated after 7 days and digital images of the epigastric flaps were taken and areas of necrotic zones relative to total flap surface area calculated. Histologic evaluation and increased angiogenesis were confirmed by CD31 immunohistochemistry. Overall, there was a significant increase in mean percent surviving area in the Ad-TGF-beta group and the ESW group compared to the control group (ESW group: 97.7 +/- 1.8% vs. Ad-TGF-beta: 90.3 +/- 4.0% and control group: 82.6 +/- 4.3%; p < 0.05). Furthermore, in the ESW group mean percent surviving areas were significantly larger than in the Ad-TGF-beta group (ESW group: 97.7 +/- 1.8% vs. Ad-TGF-beta: 90.3 +/- 4.0%; p < 0.05). Flap vascularization was increased by Ad-TGF-beta and ESW with numerous vessels, however, there was no significant difference between the two treatment groups. We conclude that treatment with ESW enhances epigastric skin flap survival significantly more than Ad-TGF-beta treatment and thus represents a modality that is feasible, cost-effective, and less invasive compared to gene therapy with growth factors to improve blood supply to ischemic tissue.
Mechanical Properties of a Single Electrospun Fiber and Its Structures (2005)

Abstract Summary: A method to measure the Young's modulus of a single electrospun polyacrylonitrile (PAN) fiber is reported. The Young's modulus can be calculated from the force‐displacement curves obtained by the bending of a single fiber attached to an atomic force microscopy (AFM) cantilever. It is suggested that the high modulus of electrospun fibers is caused by the orientation of molecular chains, which is confirmed by wide‐angle X‐ray diffraction (WAXD) measurements. The communication will provide a basic understanding of the relationship between mechanical properties and structures of electrospun fibers. A PAN fiber was attached to a contact mode cantilever to facilitate the measurement of force‐displacement curves and Young's modulus. image A PAN fiber was attached to a contact mode cantilever to facilitate the measurement of force‐displacement curves and Young's modulus.
Mechanism of the Thermal Z⇌E Isomerization of a Stable Silene; Experiment and Theory (2019)

Abstract The E and Z geometric isomers of a stable silene (tBu 2 MeSi)(tBuMe 2 Si)Si=CH(1‐Ad) ( 1 ) were synthesized and characterized spectroscopically. The thermal Z to E isomerization of 1 was studied both experimentally and computationally using DFT methods. The measured activation parameters for the 1Z ⇌ 1E isomerization are: E a =24.4 kcal mol −1 , Δ H ≠ =23.7 kcal mol −1 , Δ S ≠ =−13.2 e.u. Based on comparison of the experimental and DFT calculated (at BP86‐D3BJ/def2‐TZVP(‐f)//BP86‐D3BJ/def2‐TZVP(‐f)) activation parameters, the Z⇌E isomerization of 1 proceeds through an unusual (unprecedented for alkenes) migration–rotation–migration mechanism (via a silylene intermediate), rather than through the classic rotation mechanism common for alkenes.
Supplementary Methods, Figures 1 - 8, Table 1 from TNRC9 Downregulates BRCA1 Expression and Promotes Breast Cancer Aggressiveness (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 655K, Supplementary Figure 1. TNRC9 promoted cell proliferation in MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells. Supplementary Figure 2. shRNA-mediated knockdown of TNRC9. Supplementary Figure 3. H&amp;E staining of tumors (10�Magnification) from xenograft nude mice subcutaneously injected with control ZR-75-1cells (upper row I � V) were compared with those injected with TNRC9-depeltion ZR-75-1 cells (lower row VI � VIII, no palpable tumor in two mice). �-� represents 400μm. Supplementary Figure 4. Knocking-down TNRC9 sensitizes cancer cells to apoptosis signal. Supplementary Figure 5. BRCA1 and TNRC9 expression in TNRC9 abrogated and control cells. Supplementary Figure 6. The expression profile of TNRC9 knockdown MCF-7 cells. Supplementary Figure 7. In silico analysis of TNRC9 and BRCA1 gene expression among ovarian cancer patients. Supplementary Figure 8. The effects of TNRC9 on luciferase activity driven by BRCA1 promoter. Supplementary Table 1 The list of transcripts significantly altered in TNRC9 knockdown MCF-7 cells comparing to control MCF-7 cells&lt;/p&gt;
Natural Biological Attenuation of Benzene in Ground Water Beneath a Manufacturing Facility (1994)

Abstract Subsurface unsaturated soils and ground water directly beneath a manufacturing site have been shown to contain benzene. The vadose zone appears to be the current source for benzene to the aquifer. Although the ground water contains several mg/1 of contamination in the area immediately beneath the source, benzene was not detected in monitoring wells approximately 400 feet downgradient. Based upon the length of time benzene has been present in the ground water, as well as the permeability of the aquifer, physical processes alone such as adsorption and advection/dispersion are unlikely to account for the observed attenuation. Results from this investigation indicated the attenuation was primarily due to the natural biological processes occurring within the aquifer. Evidence for the natural bioremediation of benzene from the ground water included: (1) analysis of ground‐water chemistry, (2) laboratory studies demonstrating benzene biodegradation in aquifer samples, and (3) computer simulations examining contaminant transport. Laboratory studies indicated that under conditions similar to those encountered in the ground water, benzene was degraded to carbon dioxide by the naturally occurring microorganisms. The aerobic degradation of benzene in aquifer samples was quite rapid, with the time for 50% disappearance of the parent compound ranging from 4 to 14 days. In situ analyses of the ground water indicated significant levels of dissolved oxygen throughout the aquifer. Thus, the availability of oxygen should not limit the aerobic biodegradation of benzene. However, benzene was also shown to degrade under anaerobic conditions in microcosms prepared with aquifer material. Computer model simulations were also conducted to examine the processes influencing the transport of benzene in the aquifer. Results from the model simulations indicated biodegradation was the dominant process influencing attenuation of the contaminant.
Parallel elimination based triangular factorization and its application for power flow (2017)

Parallelization is the main method to improve efficiency for solving sparse linear equations. This paper summarized the computing dependency relations of power system off/on line analysis application types. Almost all kinds of numerical methods related to power system computation can be attributed to solving Ax =b (A is sparse), and the direct method based on the Gaussian elimination is used widely, which its main process is decomposing A into upper and lower triangular matrices, getting solution through forward backward substitution. The parallel decomposition method called elimination tree based parallelization (ETP) is proposed to reduce time-consuming in triangulation process. ETP method in detail is that stores block matrices according to density of diagonal elements in symbolic factor matrix, and divides independent parallel calculation sub-tasks according to column vectors relations in elimination tree generated from symbolic factor matrix. Take the experimental analysis of power grid Jacobian matrices for example, compare the acceleration effect of above two parallel elimination methods and then apply them to the power flow. Through comparison and analysis, the method proposed in this paper can reduce the convergence time greatly and improve computational performance and practicability.
Open Air Palladium‐Catalyzed Cyanation — The Use of PMHS to Protect from Oxygen. (2007)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Performance comparison between single- and multiple-arrays for 3D-beamsteering multi-user detection (2014)

Single-array and multiple-array structures were applied to a large-scale planar array for use in uplink space-division multiple access, and their simulated data throughputs were compared. In both structures, a subarray-processing iterative soft-input-soft-output multi-user detector efficiently recovers multi-user signals from multiple RF chains. The phased-array directivity is controlled on the basis of inter-subarray phase shift minimization. The multiple-array structure performed better due to larger space diversity provided by uncorrelated fading between the arrays in non line-of-sight environments. Moreover, uncorrelated noise was generated in the subarray output signals, resulting in better user separation.
Effect of Conformational Constraints on Gated Electron-Transfer Kinetics. 3. Copper(II/I) Complexes with cis- and trans-Cyclopentanediyl-1,4,8,11-tetrathiacyclotetradecane1 (2000)

Previous kinetic and electrochemical studies of copper complexes with macrocyclic tetrathiaethers-such as 1,4,8,11-tetrathiacyclotetradecane ([14]aneS4)-have indicated that electron transfer and the accompanying conformational change occur sequentially to give rise to a dual-pathway mechanism. Under appropriate conditions, the conformational change itself may become rate-limiting, a condition known as "gated" electron transfer. We have recently hypothesized that the controlling conformational change involves inversion of two donor atoms, which suggests that "gated" behavior should be affected by appropriate steric constraints. In the current work, two derivatives of [14]aneS4 have been synthesized in which one of the ethylene bridges has been replaced by either cis- or trans-1,2-cyclopentane. The resulting copper systems have been characterized in terms of their Cu(II/I)L potentials, the stabilities of their oxidized and reduced complexes, and their crystal structures. The electron self-exchange rate constants have been determined both by NMR line-broadening and by kinetic measurements of their rates of reduction and oxidation with six or seven counter reagents. All studies have been carried out at 25 degrees C, mu = 0.10 M (NaClO4 and/or Cu(ClO4)2), in aqueous solution. Both Cu(II/I) systems show evidence of a dual-pathway mechanism, and the electron self-exchange rate constants representative of both mechanistic pathways have been determined. The first-order rate constant for gated behavior has also been resolved for the Cu(I)(trans-cyclopentane-[14]aneS4) complex, but only a limiting value can be established for the corresponding cis-cyclopentane system. The rate constants for both systems investigated in this work are compared to values previously determined for the Cu(II/I) systems with the parent [14]aneS4 macrocycle and its derivatives involving phenylene and cis- or trans-cyclohexane substituents. The results are discussed in terms of the influence of the fused rings on the probable conformational changes accompanying the electron-transfer process.
ChemInform Abstract: Mild Azide‐Mediated Palladium‐Catalyzed Cleavage of Allyloxycarbonyl Protected Alcohols in Aqueous Media. (1996)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Re-emergence of chikungunya in the Republic of the Congo in 2019 associated with a possible vector-host switch (2019)

In January 2019, an outbreak of chikungunya virus fever was reported in a rural region near Pointe-Noire, Republic of the Congo. Molecular and phylogenetic analysis of this new CHIKV strain demonstrated the presence of the A226V substitution and a surprisingly close relation with Aedes aegypti-associated Central Africa chikungunya strains. These results, combined with the preponderance of Aedes albopictus in the outbreak area, suggest a recent vector-host switch facilitated by the emergence and spread of the A226V mutation from a related CHIKV strain previously circulating in Aedes aegypti. The proximity of this outbreak to the large city of Pointe-Noire alerts us to a possibly devastating future outbreak in the absence of measures limiting the proliferation of Ae. albopictus mosquitoes.
Synthesis, characterization, and properties of new sequenced poly(ether amide)s based on 2‐(4‐aminophenyl)‐5‐aminobenzimidazole and 2‐(3‐aminophenyl)‐5‐aminobenzimidazole (2006)

Abstract A set of new aromatic poly(ether amide)s containing benzimidazole groups and ethylene oxide sequences of different lengths were synthesized and characterized. The new polymers were prepared from two benzimidazole diamines, 2‐(4‐aminophenyl)‐5‐aminobenzimidazole and 2‐(3‐aminophenyl)‐5‐aminobenzimidazole, and various oligo(ethylene oxide)dibenzoyl chlorides. They exhibited good solubility in polar aprotic solvents and glass‐transition temperatures in the range of 125–300 °C (the longer the ethylene oxide spacer was, the lower the glass‐transition temperature was). The new polyamides were essentially amorphous, as observed by X‐ray diffraction measurements and confirmed by differential scanning calorimetry measurements, by means of which no melting endotherm was observed in any case. The decomposition temperatures, as revealed by thermogravimetric analysis in nitrogen, were about 400 °C for all of them, regardless of the length of the ethylene oxide content or the phenylene ring orientation (meta or para) of the diamine moiety. The number of ethylene oxide linkages per repeat unit also determined the water uptake. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 44: 1414–1423, 2006
Building multiuser interactive multimedia environments at MERL (1995)

Building multiuser interactive multimedia environments at Mitsubishi Electric Research Laboratories (MERL) is a highly interdisciplinary activity that involves the efforts of more than a dozen people. Our prototype systems involve expertise in computer graphics, animation, networking, artificial intelligence, human-computer interaction, computer vision, spoken language understanding, graphic design, learning theory, and drama. The relationship among the three areas of work at MERL discussed in this project report is a simple three-layer tier. At the bottom, supporting everything, are high-speed networks. On top of the networks we built a piece of middleware called the Scalable Platform for Interactive Environments, or Spline for short. Finally, Diamond Park is an experimental environment we are building using Spline.
Cross-plane thermal conductivity of (Ti,W)N/(Al,Sc)N metal/semiconductor superlattices (2016)

Reduction of cross-plane thermal conductivity and understanding of the mechanisms of heat transport in nanostructured metal/semiconductor superlattices are crucial for their potential applications in thermoelectric and thermionic energy conversion devices, thermal management systems, and thermal barrier coatings. We have developed epitaxial (Ti,W)N/(Al,Sc)N metal/semiconductor superlattices with periodicity ranging from 1 nm to 240 nm that show significantly lower thermal conductivity compared to the parent TiN/(Al,Sc)N superlattice system. The (Ti,W)N/(Al,Sc)N superlattices grow with [001] orientation on the MgO(001) substrates with well-defined coherent layers and are nominally single crystalline with low densities of extended defects. Cross-plane thermal conductivity (measured by time-domain thermoreflectance) decreases with an increase in the superlattice interface density in a manner that is consistent with incoherent phonon boundary scattering. Thermal conductivity values saturate at $1.7\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}\mathrm{W}\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}{\mathrm{m}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}{\mathrm{K}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ for short superlattice periods possibly due to a delicate balance between long-wavelength coherent phonon modes and incoherent phonon scattering from heavy tungsten atomic sites and superlattice interfaces. First-principles density functional perturbation theory based calculations are performed to model the vibrational spectrum of the individual component materials, and transport models are used to explain the interface thermal conductance across the (Ti,W)N/(Al,Sc)N interfaces as a function of periodicity. The long-wavelength coherent phonon modes are expected to play a dominant role in the thermal transport properties of the short-period superlattices. Our analysis of the thermal transport properties of (Ti,W)N/(Al,Sc)N metal/semiconductor superlattices addresses fundamental questions about heat transport in multilayer materials.
Communications and input/output switching in a multiplex computing system (1965)

This paper discusses the general communications and input/output switching problems in a large-scale multiplexed computing system. A basic goal of such a computing system is to serve simultaneously and continuously a wide range and large number of users. By rapidly time-multiplexing the use of computer system facilities on behalf of these users, the system attempts to satisfy the completion time and response time desires of both the on-line interactive user and the absentee user.
Privacy-Enhancing First-Price Auctions Using Rational Cryptography. (2008)

We consider enhancing a sealed-bid single-item auction with privacy concerns, our assumption being that bidders primarily care about monetary payoff and secondarily worry about exposing information about their type to other players and learning information about other players’ types. To treat privacy explicitly within the game theoretic context, we put forward a novel hybrid utility model that considers both fiscal and privacy components in the players’ payoffs. We show how to use rational cryptography to approximately implement a given ex interim individually strictly rational equilibrium of such an auction (or any game with a winner) without a trusted mediator through a cryptographic protocol that uses only point-to-point authenticated channels between the players. By “ex interim individually strictly rational” we mean that, given its type and before making its move, each player has a strictly positive expected utility, i.e., it becomes the winner of the auction with positive probability. By “approximately implement” we mean that, under cryptographic assumptions, running the protocol is a computational Nash equilibrium with a payoff profile negligibly close to the original equilibrium. In addition the protocol has the stronger property that no collusion, of any size, can obtain more by deviating in the implementation than by deviating in the ideal mediated setting which the mechanism was designed in. Also, despite the non-symmetric payoffs profile, the protocol always correctly terminates.
Detection of Metabolite-Protein Interactions in Complex Biological Samples by High-Resolution Relaxometry: Towards Interactomics by NMR (2021)

In this manuscript, we introduce an NMR method to investigate the interaction of metabolites and other small molecules with proteins in biological fluids. Our approach, based on high-resolution relaxometry identifies the interaction of small molecules with proteins in blood serum and is used for the quantitative analysis of binding competition in situ.
Microgravity Potentiates Stem Cell Proliferation While Sustaining the Capability of Differentiation (2006)

A three-dimensional (3D) clinostat is a device for generating multidirectional G force, resulting in an environment with an average of 10(3) G. Here we report that human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) cultured in a 3D-clinostat (group CL) showed marked proliferation (13-fold in a week) compared with cells cultured under normal conditions of 1 G (group C) (4-fold in a week). Flow cytometry revealed a 6-fold increase in the number of hMSCs double-positive for CD44/CD29 or CD90/CD29 in group CL after 7 days in culture, compared with group C. Telomere length remained the same in cells from both groups during culturing. Group C cells showed increasing expression levels of type II collagen and aggrecan over the culture period, whereas group CL cells showed a decrease to undetectable levels. Pellets of hMSCs from each group were explanted into cartilagedefective mice. The transplants from group CL formed hyaline cartilage after 7 days, whereas the transplants from group C formed only noncartilage tissue containing a small number of cells. These results show that hMSCs cultured in a 3D-clinostat possess the strong proliferative characteristic of stem cells and retain their ability to differentiate into hyaline cartilage after transplantation. On the contrary, cells cultured in a 1-G environment do not maintain these features. Simulated microgravity may thus provide an environment to successfully expand stem cell populations in vitro without culture supplements that can adversely affect stem cell-derived transplantations. This method has significant potential for regenerative medicine and developmental biology.
Contact Dermatitis From Printing Inks (1992)

Aims & Scope | The leading peer-reviewed scientific journal in contact dermatitis, and the only journal in its field that publishes leading research in atopic, contact, occupational, environmental, and drug dermatitis.
Polarization imaging using active illumination and lock-in like algorithms (2003)

An innovative system architecture for a real time Active Imaging Polarimeter has been developed. The system benefits from very few hardware components (all of which are off the shelf) and a high performance signal recovery algorithm. An electo-optic modulator imposes a waveform of a defined frequency onto the optical signal from a standard telecom laser diode and is transmitted with a known polarization. A unique polarization signature is reflected off a target and imaged through different polarization analyzers onto four quadrants of a high frame rate, near infrared, focal plane array. Using knowledge of the modulation frequency, lock-in amplifier algorithms enable measurement of the received beam intensity and therefore polarization with high SNR performance. Multiple signals (each at unique modulation frequencies) can be differentiated and manipulated (in waveform, wavelength and polarization) to serve many imaging applications. The active imager architecture operates in turbid atmospheres day or night. This technique and its variations provide the necessary tools for a new approach to active imaging, polarimetry, 3D ranging and trace gas imaging.