gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
DCR: Replay Debugging for the Datacenter (2010)

Debugging is hard, but debugging production datacenter applications such as Cassandra, Hadoop, and Hypertable is downright daunting. The key obstacle is non-deterministic failures --- hard-to-reproduce program misbehaviors that are immune to traditional cyclicdebugging techniques. Datacenter applications are rife with such failures because they operate in highly nondeterministic environments: a typical setup employs thousands of nodes, spread across multiple datacenters, to process terabytes of data per day. In these environments, existing methods for debugging non-deterministic failures are of limited use. They either incur excessive production overheads or don't scale to multi-node, terabyte-scale processing. &lt;p&gt; To help remedy the situation, we have built a new replay debugging tool. Our tool, called DCR, enables the reproduction and debugging of non-deterministic failures in production datacenter runs. The key observation behind DCR is that debugging does not always require a precise replica of the original datacenter run. Instead, it often suffices to produce some run that exhibits the original behaviors of the control-plane --- the most errorprone component of datacenter applications. DCR leverages this observation to relax the determinism guarantees offered by the system, and consequently, to address all key requirements of production datacenter applications: lightweight recording of long-running programs, causally consistent replay of large scale systems, and out of the box operation on real-world applications.
Low complexity controllable scrambler/descrambler for H.264/AVC in compressed domain (2006)

In this paper, we present a novel algorithm that scrambles and descrambles a H.264/AVC video element stream. In particular, the proposed method selectively exploits the unique characteristics of H.264/AVC video coding standard. Specifically, we manipulate DCT coefficients and CABAC initialization table, to secure the visual content of H.264/AVC video. This new algorithm is light-weight and able to support the level of security (scrambling strength) as well. Extensive experimental results indicate that the proposed algorithm is highly effective and feasible, yet computationally very efficient.
Likelihood approaches to sensory coding in auditory cortex (2003)

Likelihood methods began their evolution in the early 1920s with R A Fisher, and have developed into a rich framework for inferential statistics. This framework offers tools for the analysis of the differential geometry of the full likelihood function based on observed data. We examine likelihood functions derived from inverse Gaussian (IG) probability density models of cortical ensemble responses of single units. Specifically, we investigate the problem of sound localization from the observation of an ensemble of neural responses recorded from the primary (AI) field of the auditory cortex. The problem is framed as a probabilistic inverse problem with multiple sources of ambiguity. Observed and expected Fisher information are defined for the IG cortical ensemble likelihood functions. Receptive field functions of multiple acoustic parameters are constructed and linked to the IG density. The impact of estimating multiple acoustic parameters related to the direction of a sound is discussed, and the implications of eliminating nuisance parameters are considered. We examine the degree of acuity afforded by a small ensemble of cortical neurons for locating sounds in space, and show the predicted patterns of estimation errors, which tend to follow psychophysical performance.
Intrahepatic and peripheral blood virus‐specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte activity is associated with a response to combination IFN‐α and ribavirin treatment among patients with chronic hepatitis C virus infection* (2005)

This report describes an association between intrahepatic and peripheral blood cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) activity present prior to receiving treatment, and a response to combination interferon-alpha (IFN-alpha) and ribavirin therapy for chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. Recombinant vaccinia virus constructs were used to expand and detect cytotoxic effectors against the entire genotype 1a HCV polyprotein. Six patients with a sustained response to therapy were significantly more likely to display intrahepatic and peripheral blood HCV-specific CTL activity than patients who relapsed or had no treatment response. Limited longitudinal data suggested that rather than combination therapy acting to enhance the CTL response to achieve viral clearance, detectable CTL prior to treatment increases the likehood of the host responding to the direct antiviral activity of IFN-alpha and ribavirin.
Electrophoretically Deposited Ni-Loaded (SmO1.5)0.2(CeO2)0.8Anode for Ammonia-Fueled Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (2018)

The membranes consisting of samaria-doped cerias, (SmO1.5)0.2(CeO2)0.8 (SDC), containing 10~50 wt% nickel were formed by electrophoretic deposition (EPD). The membranes were examined as SOFC anodes fueled with 6% ammonia. The catalytic activity of ammonia decomposition was higher at lower Ni contents of 0~30 wt%. The anodic performances were similar between 10~40wt%. The impedance analysis of the anodes suggested that increase in the Ni content increased the resistance of electrochemical oxidation, and deceased in the low frequency component, which might be assigned to a molecular diffusion process.
Update on the management of Philadelphia chromosome positive chronic myelogenous leukemia: role of nilotinib (2016)

Chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) is a pluripotent stem cell disease characterized by the presence of the Philadelphia chromosome and the bcr-abl gene. The discovery of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) revolutionized therapy for CML, such that durable response, increased overall survival, and increased progression-free survival of patients in chronic phase CML is now possible. Due to resistance and intolerance to imatinib, there was need for development of second- and third-generation TKIs for the treatment of CML. This review examines the role of nilotinib, an oral second-generation TKI, in the treatment of Philadelphia positive CML. The pharmacology, efficacy, and safety of nilotinib are critically evaluated. Patient-related issues, including tolerance, drug interactions, and quality of life issues are also examined.
Power minimization in a backlit TFT-LCD display by concurrent brightness and contrast scaling (2004)

This paper presents a concurrent brightness and contrast scaling (CBCS) technique for a cold cathode fluorescent lamp (CCFL) back/it TFT-LCD display. The proposed technique aims at conserving power by reducing the backlight illumination while retaining the image fidelity through preservation of the image contrast. First, we explain how CCFL works and show how to model the non-linearity between its backlight illumination and power consumption. Next, we propose the contrast distortion metric to quantify the image quality loss after backlight scaling. Finally, we formulate and optimally solve the CBCS optimization problem subject to contrast distortion. Experimental results show that an average of 3.7X power saving can be achieved with only 10% of contrast distortion.
Radiation chemistry and photochemistry of oxychlorine ions. Part 1.—Radiolysis of aqueous solutions of hypochlorite and chlorite ions (1972)

The radiolysis of aqueous solutions of ClO– and ClO–2 has been investigated using pulse and steady state methods. The absorption spectrum of ClO has been identified (λmax= 280 nm) and the complete reaction mechanism has been established in the case of ClO– and proposed in the case of ClO–2. The following rate constants have been evaluated (units of M–1 s–1): e–aq+ ClO–→ Cl–+ O–(5.3 ± 1.0)× 1010, e–aq+ ClO–2→ ClO–+ O–(4.5 ± 0.5)× 1010, OH + ClO–→ ClO + OH–(9.0 ± 0.5)× 109, OH + ClO–2→ ClO2+ OH–(6.3 ± 0.5)× 109, O–+ ClO–→ ClO + O2–(2.4 ± 0.1)× 108, O–+ ClO–2→ ClO2+ O2–(1.9 ± 0.1)× 108, 2ClO → Cl2O2 1.5 × 1010(2k)Values of the radical and molecular yields obtained for dilute alkaline solution are: G(e–aq)+G(H)= 2.92 ± 0.05, G(OH)= 2.41 ± 0.12, G(H2)= 0.42 ± 0.02 and G(H2O2)= 0.70 ± 0.01.
Operational and automatic calibration monitoring based on a polarimetric self-consistency procedure (2009)

This paper focuses on a calibration procedure used during operation of the X-band polarimetric weather radar HYDRIX since spring 2009. The procedure is based on a self-consistency method
MetaTM/TxLinux (2007)

This paper quantifies the effect of architectural design decisions onthe performance of TxLinux. TxLinux is a Linux kernel modifiedto use transactions in place of locking primitives in several key subsystems.We run TxLinux on MetaTM, which is a new hardwaretransaction memory (HTM) model.MetaTM contains features that enable efficient and correct interrupthandling for an x86-like architecture. Live stack overwrites can corrupt non-transactional stack memory and requires a smallchange to the transaction register checkpoint hardware to ensurecorrect operation of the operating system. We also propose stack based early release to reduce spurious conflicts on stack memorybetween kernel code and interrupt handlers.We use MetaTM to examine the performance sensitivity of individualarchitectural features. For TxLinux we find that Polka and SizeMatters are effective contention management policies, someform of backoff on transaction contention is vital for performance,and stalling on a transaction conflict reduces transaction restartrates, but does not improve performance. Transaction write setsare small, and performance is insensitive to transaction abort costsbut sensitive to commit costs.
A Glucose Sensing System Based on Transmission Measurements at Millimetre Waves using Micro strip Patch Antennas (2017)

We present a sensing system operating at millimetre (mm) waves in transmission mode that can measure glucose level changes based on the complex permittivity changes across the signal path. The permittivity of a sample can change significantly as the concentration of one of its substances varies: for example, blood permittivity depends on the blood glucose levels. The proposed sensing system uses two facing microstrip patch antennas operating at 60 GHz, which are placed across interrogated samples. The measured transmission coefficient depends on the permittivity change along the signal path, which can be correlated to the change in concentration of a substance. Along with theoretical estimations, we experimentally demonstrate the sensing performance of the system using controlled laboratory samples, such as water-based glucose-loaded liquid samples. We also present results of successful glucose spike detection in humans during an in-vivo Intravenous Glucose Tolerance Test (IVGTT). The system could eventually be developed into a non-invasive glucose monitor for continuous monitoring of glucose levels for people living with diabetes, as it can detect as small as 1.33 mmol/l (0.025 wt%) glucose concentrations in the controlled water-based samples satisfactorily, which is well below the typical human glucose levels of 4 mmol/l.
Clonality in the setting of Sweet’s syndrome and pyoderma gangrenosum is not limited to underlying myeloproliferative disease (2006)

These findings suggest that clonality in neutrophilic dermatoses, while characteristic of underlying myeloid dyscrasia, is not observed exclusively in the setting of myeloproliferative diseases. The significance of clonal neutrophilic infiltrates unassociated with myeloproliferative disease is unclear, but it may have some implications regarding the pathogenesis of sterile neutrophilic infiltrates. Clonality is well described in the setting of lymphomatoid hypersensitivity, reflecting an overzealous response to antigenic stimuli. One could speculate a similar mechanism operational in cases of apparently reactive SS/PG associated with monoclonality; a localized form of cutaneous neutrophilic dyscrasia is also possible.
Encapsulation of exogenous agents in erythrocytes and the circulating survival of carrier erythrocytes. (1983)

Erythrocytes can be made to entrap enzymes, lipids, drugs, pesticides, and large macromolecules by a variety of encapsulation procedures. Methods of encapsulation include hypotonic dilution and dialysis, lipid fusion, electrical hemolysis, and chemical perturbation. The survival of carrier erythrocytes is dependent on the method of encapsulation as is the encapsulation efficiency. Research has led to utilization of carrier cells for drug and enzyme-replacement therapies, for incorporation of DNA and antibodies into living cells, and for enhancement of the oxygen-carrying capacity of hemoglobin. Many of the possible uses of erythrocytes as carriers are explored.
Photoinduced immobilization of 2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine polymers with different molecular architectures on a poly(ether ether ketone) surface (2022)

Poly(ether ether ketone) (PEEK) has seen increasing use in biomedical fields as a replacement for metal implants. Accordingly, the surface functionalities of PEEK are important for the development of medical devices. We have focused on the application of photoinduced reactions in PEEK to immobilize a functional polymer <i>via</i> radical generation on the surface, which can react with hydrocarbon groups. In this study, we used zwitterionic copolymers comprising 2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine (MPC) units and <i>n</i>-butyl methacrylate (BMA) units with various molecular architectures for surface modification. A random copolymer (poly(MPC-<i>co</i>-BMA) (r-PMB)), an AB-type diblock copolymer (di-PMB), and an ABA-type triblock copolymer (tri-PMB) (A segment: poly(BMA); B segment: poly(MPC)) were synthesized with the same monomer compositions. All PMBs were successfully immobilized on the PEEK surface <i>via</i> UV irradiation after the dip-coating process, regardless of their molecular structure. In this reaction, the alkyl group of the BMA unit functioned as a photoreactive site on the PEEK surface. This indicates that the molecular structure differences affect the surface properties. For example, compared to r-PMB and tri-PMB, di-PMB-modified surfaces exhibited an extremely low water contact angle of approximately 10°. The findings of this study demonstrate that this surface functionalization method does not require a low-molecular-weight compound, such as an initiator, and can be applied to the surface of inert PEEK through a simple photoreaction under room temperature, atmospheric pressure, and dry state conditions.
Paint Flow and Pigment Dispersion: A Rheological Approach to Coating and Ink Technology (1979)

Viscosity. Viscometers: Theory and Reduction to Practice. Interconversion of Viscosity Units. Effect of Temperature, Binder (Polymer) Concentration, Solvent Viscosity, and Molecular Size on Viscosity. Pigment/Binder Geometry. Oil Absorption Values. Critical Pigment Volume Concentration (CPVC). Latex Critical Pigment Volume Concentration (LCPVC). Surface Tension. Work of Dispersion, Work of Transfer (Flushing), and Work of Flocculation. Capillarity. Theoretical Aspects of Pigment Dispersion Stability and Pigment Flocculation. Interface Activity, Surfactants, and Dispersants. Solubility and Interaction Parameters. Volatility: Solvent and Water Evaporation. Paint Flow Relationships (Coating Rheology). Introduction to Pigment Grinding (Dispersion) into Liquid Vehicles. Roller Mills (Three-Roll Mill). Ball and Pebble Mills. Modified Ball Mills (Attritors and Vibration Mills). Sand, Bead, and Shot Mills. High-Speed Disk Disperser. High-Speed Stone and Colloid Mills. High-Speed Impingement Mills. Assessment of Pigment Dispersion. Mill Base Letdown. Pigment Settling. Leveling. Sagging, Slumping, and Draining. Film Applicators. Floating, Flooding, Cratering, Foaming, and Spattering. Index
Automatic Detection of Metonymic Expressions Using Associative Relation between Words (2013)

Metonymy is a figure of speech, where one item's name represents another item which usually has a close relation with the first one. Metonymic expressions need to be correctly detected and interpreted because sentences including such expressions have different meanings from literal ones; computer systems may output inappropriate results in natural language processing.
ChemInform Abstract: Peptide Conformations. Part 40. Cyclic Hexapeptide Analogues of Thymopoietin. (1986)

Abstract Synthesis and Conformational Analysis.
Rapid clearance of heavy chain-modified hyaluronan during resolving acute lung injury (2018)

Respiratory infection induces rapid HC modification of HA followed by fragmentation and clearance, with kinetics that parallel the onset and resolution phase of ALI, respectively. Alveolar macrophages may be an important source of pulmonary TSG-6 required for HA remodeling. The formation of HC-modified HA had a minor role in the onset, severity, or resolution of experimental reversible ALI induced by respiratory infection with gram-negative bacteria.
Characterization of pRAS1-like plasmids from atypical North American psychrophilicAeromonas salmonicida (2004)

Atypical psychrophilic Aeromonas salmonicida isolates were obtained from farmed and wild fish in Northeastern North America. These bacteria were isolated between 1992 and 2001 and carried tetracycline resistance (Tc(r)) plasmids of approximately 58 kb. The nine isolates had plasmids which could be divided into four groups based on the specific tetracycline resistance (tet) gene carried [tet(A) or tet(B)], incompatibility of the plasmid [IncU or other], whether the plasmid carried the IS6100 sequences, the sul1 gene, coding for sulfonamide resistance, the dfrA16 gene, coding for trimethoprim resistance, and/or carried a complete Tn1721, and their ability to transfer their Tc(r) plasmids to an Escherichia coli recipient at 15 degrees C. Five of the isolates, with genetically related Tc(r) plasmids, were able to transfer their plasmids to an E. coli recipient at frequencies ranging from 5.7x10(-4) to 2.8x10(-6) per recipient. The 1992 isolate carried a genetically distinct plasmid, which transferred at a slightly higher rate. The three remaining isolates carried one of two genetically different plasmids, which were unable to transfer to an E. coli recipient. Conjugal transfer at 15 degrees C is the lowest temperature that has been documented in bacteria.
Process for producing biodiesel, lubricants, and fuel and lubricant additives in a critical fluid medium (2023)

A process for producing alkyl esters useful in biofuels and lubricants by transesterifying glyceride- or esterifying free fatty acid-containing substances in a single critical phase medium is disclosed. The critical phase medium provides increased reaction rates, decreases the loss of catalyst or catalyst activity and improves the overall yield of desired product. The process involves the steps of dissolving an input glyceride- or free fatty acid-containing substance with an alcohol or water into a critical fluid medium; reacting the glyceride- or free fatty acid-containing substance with the alcohol or water input over either a solid or liquid acidic or basic catalyst and sequentially separating the products from each other and from the critical fluid medium, which critical fluid medium can then be recycled back in the process. The process significantly reduces the cost of producing additives or alternatives to automotive fuels and lubricants utilizing inexpensive glyceride- or free fatty acid-containing substances, such as animal fats, vegetable oils, rendered fats, and restaurant grease.
Linkage Analysis of Candidate Genes in Autoimmune Thyroid Disease. III. Detailed Analysis of Chromosome 14 Localizes Graves’ Disease-1 (GD-1) Close to Multinodular Goiter-1 (MNG-1)1 (1998)

The autoimmune thyroid diseases [Graves' and Hashimoto's diseases (GD and HT)] develop in genetically susceptible individuals, but the genes responsible for this susceptibility remain unknown. To identify such genes, we have been testing candidate genes and chromosomal regions using highly polymorphic microsatellite markers. We recently reported evidence for the first locus linked to GD (GD-1) on chromosome 14q31 in a small group of families. We have now extended these studies and analyzed 53 multiplex families with GD and/or HT (323 individuals). Chromosome 14 was screened using 16 microsatellite markers spanning the entire chromosome. Three additional markers located inside candidate genes on chromosome 14 were also studied. Microsatellite markers were amplified using fluorescent-labeled primers and separated on an ABI-310 genetic analyzer. The data were analyzed using LIPED software for two-point logarithm of odds (LOD) score analysis and GeneHunter software for multipoint linkage analysis. No linkage of any marker was found to HT or autoimmune thyroid diseases (GD+HT). The previously identified GD-1 locus on 14q31 continued to show evidence of linkage to GD in this much larger set of families. The maximum LOD score was 2.1 obtained for marker D14S81 (theta=0.01), assuming a recessive mode of inheritance and a penetrance of 0.3. Multipoint analysis yielded a maximum LOD score of 2.5 between markers D14S81 and D14S1054. There was no evidence for heterogeneity in our sample. These data again suggest the presence of a major Graves' disease susceptibilitygene (GD-1) on chromosome 14q31. This locus is close to the recently identified multinodular goiter-1 locus.
Monitoring wastewater for assessing community health: Sewage Chemical-Information Mining (SCIM) (2017)

Timely assessment of the aggregate health of small-area human populations is essential for guiding the optimal investment of resources needed for preventing, avoiding, controlling, or mitigating human exposure risks, as well as for maintaining or promoting health. Seeking those interventions yielding the greatest benefit with respect to the allocation of resources is critical for making progress toward community sustainability, reducing health disparities, promoting social justice, and maintaining or improving collective health and well-being. More informative, faster, and less-costly approaches are needed for guiding investigation of cause-effect linkages involving communities and stressors originating from both the built and natural environments. One such emerging approach involves the continuous monitoring of sewage for chemicals that serve as indicators of the collective status of human health (or stress/disease) or any other facet relevant to gauging time-trends in community-wide health. This nascent approach can be referred to as Sewage Chemical-Information Mining (SCIM) and involves the monitoring of sewage for the information that resides in the form of natural and anthropogenic chemicals that enter sewers as a result of the everyday actions, activities, and behaviors of humans. Of particular interest is a specific embodiment of SCIM that would entail the targeted monitoring of a broad suite of endogenous biomarkers of key physiologic processes (as opposed to xenobiotics or their metabolites). This application is termed BioSCIM-an approach roughly analogous to a hypothetical community-wide collective clinical urinalysis, or to a hypothetical en masse human biomonitoring program. BioSCIM would be used for gauging the status or time-trends in community-wide health on a continuous basis. This paper presents an update on the progress made with the development of the BioSCIM concept in the period of time since its original publication in 2012, as well as the next steps required for its continued development.
The utility of parse-derived features for automatic discourse segmentation (2007)

We investigate different feature sets for performing automatic sentence-level discourse segmentation within a general machine learning approach, including features derived from either finite-state or contextfree annotations. We achieve the best reported performance on this task, and demonstrate that our SPADE-inspired context-free features are critical to achieving this level of accuracy. This counters recent results suggesting that purely finite-state approaches can perform competitively. 1