gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
NIP1, a gene required for nuclear transport in yeast. (1992)

Cytochrome c with a nuclear localization signal added at the N terminus was mistargeted to the nucleus, resulting in a yeast strain deficient in mitochondrial cytochrome c. Reversion of this strain allowed the isolation of temperature-conditional mutants defective in nuclear transport, as demonstrated with one of these mutants, nip1-1, that was shown to be defective in nuclear accumulation of a LacZ protein containing a nuclear localization signal of the yeast ribosomal protein L29. The NIP1+ gene was cloned and shown to encode a 93,143-Da protein. Furthermore, an epitope-labeled NIP1 protein migrated in SDS/polyacrylamide gels with a mass of approximately 100,000 Da and was shown by immunofluorescence to localize mainly in the cytoplasm. NIP1+ was shown to be an essential gene by gene disruption experiments. Intriguingly, NIP1 has a serine-rich acidic N-terminal region that is similar in this regard to the N-terminal region of a previously described nuclear localization signal-binding protein, NSR1.
Developing Population Codes For (1993)

An efficient and useful representation for an object viewed from different positions is in terms of its instantiation parameters. We show how the Minimum Description Length principle (MDL) can be used to train the hidden units of a neural network to develop a population code for the instantiation parameters of an object in an image. Each hidden unit has a location in a low-dimensional implicit space. If the hidden unit activities form a standard shape (a bump) in this space, they can be cheaply encoded by the center of this bump. So the weights from the input units to the hidden units in a self-supervised network are trained to make the activities form a bump. The coordinates of the hidden units in the implicit space are also learned, thus allowing flexibility, as the network develops separate population codes when presented with different objects.
Koensüümi Q10 mõju kardiopulmonaalsele reservile ja oksüdatiivse stressi näitajatele südamepuudulikkusega haigetel varases taastusravis (2014)

Koensüümi Q10 olulisemaks biokeemiliseks funktsiooniks on energia sidumine raku mitokondrites. Vastandlikud on seisukohad koensüümi Q10 kui toidulisandi kasutamise suhtes krooniliste haiguste, sh südamepuudulikkusega haigete kompleksses taastusravis. Artiklis käsitletakse koensüümi Q10 mõju kardiopulmonaalse reservi ja oksüdatiivse stressi näitajatele varases taastusravis NYHA II–III klassi kuuluvatele patsientidele 2–4 nädalat pärast müokardi revaskulariseerimist. Koensüüm Q10 mõjutas patsientide kardiopulmonaalset funktsionaalset reservi positiivselt, mistõttu on selle kasutamine väljendunud südamepuudulikkusega haigete taastusravis põhjendatud. Eesti Arst 2007; 86 (10): 714–718
Chemoprevention of mammary carcinogenesis by sustained systemic delivery of ellagic acid (2011)

Many chemopreventives that show efficacy in vitro show little/no response or require bolus doses in animal models and clinical trials because of limited bioavailability. Ellagic acid has been tested in various animal models with mixed results. We report the efficacy of ellagic acid delivered by a subcutaneous implant compared with a dietary route against estrogen-induced mammary tumors. Ellagic acid delayed the first tumor appearance by 2 and 3 weeks by implant and diet routes, respectively. The tumor incidence was 75% and 69% by the implant and dietary routes when the control group had 100% palpable tumors by 26 weeks. Ellagic acid also significantly reduced the tumor burden by both implant (855±242 mm; P=0.0375) and dietary (599±169 mm; P=0.0133) routes compared with control (1522±299 mm). Similar reductions were observed in tumor multiplicity (4.8±0.5; P=0.0042 and 4.5±0.4; P=0.0031 tumors/rat with implant and diet, respectively, vs. 8.9±1.2 in control). The total amount of ellagic acid administered by implant was 5.92±3.48 whereas it was 800±40 mg/rat through diet. Thus, over 130-fold dose reduction produced similar biological responses when delivered by implant. The anticarcinogenicity effects corroborated the observed reduction in levels of pituitary prolactin. This novel approach opens new avenues to test agents individually or as mixtures for their chemopreventive potential that are discontinued, either due to lack of bioavailability or toxicity potentially associated with high doses or due to lack of availability of sufficient quantities.
Lung Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics (1999)

Lung cancer is the number one cause of cancer death for all citizens of the United States regardless of gender, race, or ethnic background. Surgery, the only curative treatment available, is feasible in only 35% of all patients with lung cancer. But even in this group of patients, most will die of recurrent disease. Treatment advances have been modest at best, and the 5-year survival rate of approximately 15% has not changed appreciably in the past two decades. Population projections indicate a continuation of the lung cancer epidemic among men and a rise among women, in whom rates of smoking have remained relatively high. It is estimated that 90% of all lung cancers are smoking related, and gender, race, and family history are important risk modifiers. Several promising markers of lung cancer susceptibility have recently been identified. However, the relative contribution of individual intrinsic factors (genetic markers, family history, race, gender) on lung cancer susceptibility in the context of complex extrinsic factors (behavior, environmental exposure, socioeconomic status) is unknown and requires further study for more informed screening and primary prevention.
Contribution of Reactor Physics in Past and Future ; Is Reactor Physics Useful? (2003)

原子炉物理学 (炉物理) は, 「原子力学」にとってどう役立っているのか, 何がおもしろいのかを明らかにして炉物理の必要性, 重要性を示す。
Persistence of Bifenthrin Residues on Apple (Malus domestica) Fruit and Soil (2010)

Persistence of bifenthrin (Brigade 8% SC) was studied on apple fruits and tree basin soil following foliar application @ 60 g a.i./ha and 120 g a.i./ha on fruit bearing trees at two locations viz. Solan and Mashobra for three consecutive years 2003–2005. The residues of bifenthrin were estimated by using Agilent 6890 N Gas Chromatograph equipped with ECD and NPD. Initial deposits of bifenthrin were in the range of 0.669–1.062 mg/kg at 60 g a.i./ha dose and 1.348–1.784 mg/kg at 120 g a.i./ha dose which reduced to half in 4.85–5.22 and 4.38–6.66 days at the respective doses. In tree basin soil, on 0 day the bifenthrin residues were 0.126–0.153 mg/kg and 0.521–1.263 mg/kg after spraying of respective doses which were reduced to 0.054–0.093 mg/kg after 30 days. Based on the Maximum Residue Limit (MRL) value of 0.5 mg/kg of bifenthrin on apple, a safe waiting period of 2.1–5.4 and 6.7–11.3 days was worked out for respective treatments.
Antibodies to Human Herpesviruses in Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Patients (2019)

Myalgic encephalomyelitis, also referred to as chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) is a debilitating disease characterized by myalgia and a sometimes severe limitation of physical activity and cognition. It is exacerbated by physical and mental activity. Its cause is unknown, but frequently starts with an infection. The eliciting infection (commonly infectious mononucleosis or an upper respiratory infection) can be more or less well diagnosed. Among the human herpesviruses (HHV-1-8), HHV-4 (Epstein-Barr virus; EBV), HHV-6 (including HHV-6A and HHV-6B), and HHV-7, have been implicated in the pathogenesis of ME/CFS. It was therefore logical to search for serological evidence of past herpesvirus infection/reactivation in several cohorts of ME/CFS patients (all diagnosed using the Canada criteria). Control samples were from Swedish blood donors. We used whole purified virus, recombinant proteins, and synthetic peptides as antigens in a suspension multiplex immunoassay (SMIA) for immunoglobulin G (IgG). The study on herpesviral peptides based on antigenicity with human sera yielded novel epitope information. Overall, IgG anti-herpes-viral reactivities of ME/CFS patients and controls did not show significant differences. However, the high precision and internally controlled format allowed us to observe minor relative differences between antibody reactivities of some herpesviral antigens in ME/CFS versus controls. ME/CFS samples reacted somewhat differently from controls with whole virus HHV-1 antigens and recombinant EBV EBNA6 and EA antigens. We conclude that ME/CFS samples had similar levels of IgG reactivity as blood donor samples with HHV-1-7 antigens. The subtle serological differences should not be over-interpreted, but they may indicate that the immune system of some ME/CFS patients interact with the ubiquitous herpesviruses in a way different from that of healthy controls.
Nonlinear optical properties of mask layer in super-RENS system (2001)

A super-resolution near-field structure (super-RENS) has an additional mask layer in the usual phase change optical disk. A thin layer of antimony (Sb) film or a silver oxide (AgOx) layer is used as a mask layer. By focusing a laser beam, a transparent aperture in the Sb layer and a light scattering center in the AgOx layer are formed transitionally, whose diameters are smaller than that of the laser beam spot. The changed portion can generate an intense optical near field and can be used to record and retrieve small marks beyond the diffraction limit. The nonlinear optical properties of Sb and AgOx films with protective layers were examined using a pulse laser. Optical switching, their time response and transient spectroscopic change were investigated. Light scattering property of AgOx film was also examined. A repeated optical switching action can only be realized if the illuminating spot size is confined to very small areas. Time response of Sb film shows first rise-up and then slow exponential decay. Time response of AgOx film shows more complicated decay than Sb film. Transmittance spectra just after the pump irradiation becomes flat over wide spectral range both in Sb and AgOx layers. Scattered light is extremely enhanced by increasing the input light power.
Surface Morphology and Shape Stability in Silicon Ribbons Grown by the Edge‐Defined, Film‐Fed Growth Process (1977)

The morphology and shape stability of silicon ribbons grown by the edge‐defined, film‐fed growth (EFG) technique are described. A theoretical analysis of shape stability is presented for controlled‐shape growth (where the ribbon shape is determined by the shape of the meniscus); experimental evidence is introduced to show the inherent stability of the ribbon side and the relative instability of the ribbon edges, in agreement with the theory. The characteristic meniscus angle for constant‐dimension growth is shown to depend on the crystallographic orientation of the ribbon surface; the anisotropy is associated with the anisotropy in the crystal‐vapor surface free energy in silicon. Growth features which result from faceted growth on peripheral octahedral planes are described, and the competition between faceted growth and controlled‐shape growth is analyzed. Various morphological features associated with variations and fluctuations in the EFG process variables are described.
Tactile Perception of Rotational Sliding (2007)

We present a new tactile display for rendering rotational friction at the fingertips. To inform the design and control of this device, we have conducted an initial set of perceptual experiments to investigate perceptual thresholds for rates of rotational slipping at the fingertips. It was found that humans can discriminate a change in rotational sliding rate of 4.13-28.04 rad/sec from a reference rate of 1.57-25.13 rad/sec. An initial device design and prototype are presented. The device utilizes a small friction disk housed in a thimble, driven remotely from a motor worn on the user's wrist. The device directly integrates with a robotic force feedback arm, preserving the force feedback functionality while adding the tactile information on frictional sliding. Insights from the presented psychophysical experiments and initial device prototype will be utilized in the design of the next generation of rotation friction devices that will be used in multi-finger grasp studies
DEMOGRAPHIC FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH PREVALENCE OF ANTIBODY TO SIN NOMBRE VIRUS IN DEER MICE IN THE WESTERN UNITED STATES (2007)

We used long-term data collected for up to 10 yr (1994-2004) at 23 trapping arrays (i.e., webs and grids) in Arizona, Colorado, Montana, and New Mexico to examine demographic factors known or suspected to be associated with risk of infection with Sin Nombre virus (SNV) in its natural host, the deer mouse (Peromyscus maniculatus). Gender, age (mass), wounds or scars, season, and local relative population densities were statistically associated with the period prevalence of antibody (used as a marker of infection) to SNV in host populations. Nevertheless, antibody prevalence and some of the risk factors associated with antibody prevalence, such as relative population density, gender bias, and prevalence of wounding, varied significantly among sites and even between nearby trapping arrays at a single site. This suggests that local microsite-specific differences play an important role in determining relative risk of infection by SNV in rodents and, consequently, in humans. Deer mouse relative population density varied among sites and was positively and statistically associated with infection prevalence, an association that researchers conducting shorter-term studies failed to demonstrate. Both wounding and antibody prevalence increased with mass class in both males and females; this increase was much more pronounced in males than in females and wounding was more frequent in adult males than in adult females. Prevalence of wounding was greatest among seropositive deer mice, regardless of mass class, but many deer mice without detectable wounds or scars eventually became infected. Many of these patterns, which will be useful in the development of predictive models of disease risk to humans, were only detected through the application of data collected over a long (10-yr) period and with abundant replication.
Cyanothiophene-based low band-gap polymer for organic solar cells (2013)

We report the preparation of a new acceptor unit, 3-alkoxy-4-cyanothiophene, and a 3-alkoxy-4-cyanothiophene-based low band-gap polymer (PBDT–CT) with a deep HOMO energy level (−5.5 eV). A bulk heterojunction solar cell containing PBDT–CT and PC61BM was found to exhibit a high open circuit voltage (Voc) of 0.90 V and an efficiency of 3.36%.
Antimicrobial Activity of Volatile Oil of Artemisia capillaris Growing Wild in Uttrakhand Himalaya (2013)

The genus Artemisia (family: Asteraceae) is a source of valuable drugs and essential oils because of its intricate chemical composition comprising several chemotypes. The in vitro antibacterial activities of the essential oils were evaluated against a total of six bacteria, viz, Salmonellatyphi, Klebsiellapneumoniae, E.coli, Staphylococcusaureus, Streptococcusmutans, Bacillussubtilis and antifungal activity tested against Candida albicans and Candida glabrata.
Automatic discovery of cell types and microcircuitry from neural\n connectomics (2014)

Neural connectomics has begun producing massive amounts of data,\nnecessitating new analysis methods to discover the biological and computational\nstructure. It has long been assumed that discovering neuron types and their\nrelation to microcircuitry is crucial to understanding neural function. Here we\ndeveloped a nonparametric Bayesian technique that identifies neuron types and\nmicrocircuitry patterns in connectomics data. It combines the information\ntraditionally used by biologists, including connectivity, cell body location\nand the spatial distribution of synapses, in a principled and\nprobabilistically-coherent manner. We show that the approach recovers known\nneuron types in the retina and enables predictions of connectivity, better than\nsimpler algorithms. It also can reveal interesting structure in the nervous\nsystem of C. elegans, and automatically discovers the structure of a\nmicroprocessor. Our approach extracts structural meaning from connectomics,\nenabling new approaches of automatically deriving anatomical insights from\nthese emerging datasets.\n
High expression of co-stimulatory and adhesion molecules are observed on eosinophils during human Schistosoma mansoni infection (2006)

Herein we have focused attention on major phenotypic features of peripheral blood eosinophils from chronic Schistosoma mansoni-infected patients. For this purpose, detailed immunophenotypic profiles of a range of cell surface markers were performed, including activation markers (CD23/CD69/CD25/HLA-DR), co-stimulatory molecules (CD28/CD80/CD86), chemokine receptors (CXCR1/CXCR2/CCR3/CCR5) besides L-selectin-CD62L and adhesion molecules (CD18/CD54). Our major findings pointed out increased frequency of CD23+-cells, besides decreased percentages of CD69+-eosinophils, suggesting a chronic activation status with low frequency of early activated eosinophils in chronic S. mansoni-infected patients (INT) in comparison to non-infected individuals (NI). Moreover, a dichotomic expression of beta-chemokine receptors was observed during human schistosomiasis mansoni with higher CCR5 and lower levels of CCR3 observed between groups. Enhanced expression of co-stimulatory receptors (CD28/CD86) and adhesion molecules (CD54/CD18), besides striking lower frequency of L-selectin+ were reported for eosinophils from INT group as compared to NI. Interestingly, the frequency of CD62L+-eosinophils and a range of cell activation related molecules pointed out an opposite pattern of association in NI and INT, where only INT patients that display lower frequency of CD62L+-eosinophils (first CD62L tertile) kept the unusual relationship between the expression of L-selectin and the CD23 activation marker. These findings suggest that distinct dynamic of activation markers expressed by eosinophils may occur during chronic S. mansoni infection.
A haplotype of the EPCR gene is associated with increased plasma levels of sEPCR and is a candidate risk factor for thrombosis (2003)

Abstract The endothelial cell protein C (PC) receptor (EPCR) facilitates PC activation by the thrombin-thrombomodulin complex. A soluble form of this receptor (sEPCR) found in plasma inhibits both activated PC (aPC) activity and PC activation by competing for PC with membrane-associated EPCR. Elevated sEPCR levels are found in approximately 20% of healthy subjects, but the mechanisms underlying this interindividual variability are unknown. We measured sEPCR levels in 100 healthy male volunteers, and observed 2 phenotypic groups of subjects. The temporal stability of sEPCR levels suggested genetic control. Extensive analysis of the EPCR gene in these subjects revealed 13 polymorphisms in complete linkage disequilibrium; these defined 3 haplotypes, 1 of which (A3) was strongly associated with high sEPCR levels. The high constitutive sEPCR levels observed in A3 haplotype carriers might reduce the efficiency of the PC system and predispose these subjects to venous thrombosis. By studying 338 patients with venous thrombosis and 338 age- and sex-matched healthy subjects, we found that the A3 haplotype was overrepresented in the patients. In multivariate analysis, subjects carrying the A3 haplotype had an increased risk of thrombosis (odds ratio [OR] = 1.8; P = .004). Thus, the A3 haplotype, which is associated with elevated plasma sEPCR levels, is a candidate risk factor for venous thrombosis.
Power Electronic Thermal System Performance and Integration (2009)

Thermal control is a critical factor in power electronics equipment. NREL aims to integrate and improve thermal system performance in power electronics.
Embedded FIR filter design for real-time refocusing using a standard plenoptic video camera (2014)

A novel and low-cost embedded hardware architecture for real-time refocusing based on a standard plenoptic camera is presented in this study. The proposed layout design synthesizes refocusing slices directly from micro images by omitting the process for the commonly used sub-aperture extraction. Therefore, intellectual property cores, containing switch controlled Finite Impulse Response (FIR) filters, are developed and applied to the Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) XC6SLX45 from Xilinx. Enabling the hardware design to work economically, the FIR filters are composed of stored product as well as upsampling and interpolation techniques in order to achieve an ideal relation between image resolution, delay time, power consumption and the demand of logic gates. The video output is transmitted via High-Definition Multimedia Interface (HDMI) with a resolution of 720p at a frame rate of 60 fps conforming to the HD ready standard. Examples of the synthesized refocusing slices are presented.
Detection of chromosomal imbalances in retinoblastoma by matrix‐based comparative genomic hybridization (2005)

The genetic hallmark of retinoblastoma is mutation or deletion of the RB1 gene, whereas other genetic alterations that are also required are largely unknown. To screen for genomic imbalances on a genomewide level, we studied a series of 17 primary retinoblastomas by matrix-based comparative genomic hybridization (matrix-CGH). The matrix-CGH chip contained 6,000 immobilized genomic DNA fragments covering the human genome, with an average resolution of about 500 kb. The most frequent imbalances detected were gains on chromosome arms 1q (12 of 17), 6p (10 of 17), 2p (5 of 17), and 19q (4 of 17) and loss on 16q (7 of 17). Candidate regions could be narrowed to small intervals by the identified minimally overlapping regions on 1q22, 1q32.1q32.2, 2p24.1, and 6p21.33-p21.31. Furthermore, two as-yet-unknown high-level amplifications were detected, each in a single patient, on chromosome bands 1p34.2 and 1p33. Thus, this study identified new chromosomal regions and therefore potential candidate genes that may play a role in retinoblastoma.
Turbulent mixing of multiple co-axial gaseous fuel jets in a supersonic airstream (1974)

An experimental and analytical investigation of a strut-mounted, four-nozzle, downstream-facing, gaseous fuel-injector assembly was conducted in a Mach 4 airstream at 154 psia and 520 R. Helium was used as the injectant in order to simulate a low molecular weight fuel, and the interjet spacing (S/D) was the main parameter varied. The principal data are in the form of helium concentration profiles at seven axial stations, Mach number distributions at three axial stations, and Schlieren photographs of the flow field at different interjet spacings. An approximate analysis was developed based upon a linearization in the Von Mises plane, Crocco integrals for the temperature and concentrations fields, and an eddy viscosity model. Good agreement with the data was achieved. It was found that, at these conditions, interjet spacing has a significant effect on mixing only up to S/D of approximately 2.5, with the concentration of the injectant at a given point becoming smaller as S/D is increased.
Studies on photodegradation of poly(vinylchloride) (part 2) (1978)

Abstract The electron spin resonance of poly(vinyl chloride) was measured under irradiation by ultraviolet rays. At 0°C, a broad singlet spectrum was observed in case of PVC powder, but a four‐line spectrum having a splitting constant of 11.5 gauss was observed in case of a cast film of PVC. It was found that the radical causing this spectrum is converted to a different radical when irradiation is continued. The mechanism of photodegradation of low‐molecular‐weight model compounds, i. e., 2,3‐dichlorobutane and 2,4‐dichloropentane, was examined. From results of these experiments, it is believed that the mechanism of photodegradation of PVC is such that a radical generated on the terminal methyl group is converted to an alkoxy radical through a peroxide and this alkoxy radical pulls off the hydrogen atom from the methylene group to form a carbonyl compound, and finally the Norrish type cleavage takes place, resulting in reduction of the molecular weight.