gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Time-dependent restoration of the trigger pool of calcium after termination of angiotensin II action in adrenal glomerulosa cells. (1987)

In adrenal glomerulosa cells, angiotensin II causes an immediate release of calcium from an intracellular trigger pool (Kojima, I., Kojima, K., and Rasmussen, H. (1985) Am. J. Physiol. 247, E36-E43). The present study was conducted to determine how the trigger pool of calcium is restored after cessation of the agonist action. Upon termination of angiotensin II action, calcium influx rate decreased immediately while total cell calcium increased rapidly. The increase in total cell calcium is not affected by 1 microM nitrendipine, which blocks angiotensin II-stimulated calcium influx without inhibiting basal influx of calcium. In contrast, total cell calcium did not increase in medium containing 1 microM calcium, in which basal calcium influx is negligible. A rapid increase in total cell calcium after an addition of the antagonist was not accompanied by changes in cytoplasmic free calcium concentration. A second stimulation of cells with either angiotensin II or carbachol did not cause calcium release when the interval of two stimulations was shorter than 20 min. The longer the interval, the greater the magnitude of calcium release in response to the second stimulator. The maximum response was obtained when the interval was 40 min or more. When exogenous arachidonic acid, which mobilized calcium by acting directly on the inositol trisphosphate-sensitive pool, was employed as a second stimulator, the magnitude of the decrease in total cell calcium was also dependent on the interval. These results suggest that, upon termination of angiotensin II action, calcium is rapidly accumulated first in an intracellular pool which is insensitive to either inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate or arachidonic acid and that the trigger pool is restored gradually thereafter.
Cost-Optimal Power-to-Methanol: Flexible Operation or Intermediate Storage? (2023)

The synthesis of methanol from captured carbon dioxide and green hydrogen could be a promising replacement for the current fossil-based production. The major energy input and cost driver for such a process is the electricity for hydrogen production. Time-variable electricity cost or availability thus motivates flexible operation. However, it is unclear if each unit of the process should be operated flexibly, and if storage of electricity or hydrogen reduces the methanol production cost. To answer these questions, we modeled a Power-to-Methanol plant with batteries and hydrogen storage. Using this model, we solved a combined design and scheduling optimization problem, which provides the optimal size of the units of the plant and their optimal (quasi-stationary) operation. The annualized cost of methanol was minimized for a grid-connected and a stand-alone case study. The optimization results confirm that storage, especially hydrogen storage, is particularly beneficial when the electricity price is high and highly fluctuating. Irrespective of the presence of storage, the whole Power-to-Methanol plant should be operated flexibly: even moderate flexibility of the methanol synthesis unit significantly reduces the production cost.
Photocatalysts: Nanostructured Photocatalytic Materials for Solar Energy Conversion (2011)

This chapter contains sections titled: Principles of Overall Water Splitting Using Nanostructured Particulate Photocatalysts Oxide Photocatalysts for Overall Water Splitting Visible Light-Responsive Photocatalysts for Overall Water Splitting Conclusions References
Opportunistic cooperation by dynamic resource allocation (2007)

We consider a Rayleigh fading wireless relay channel where communication is constrained by delay and average power limitations. Assuming partial channel state information at the transmitters and perfect channel state information at the receivers, we first study the delay-limited capacity of this system and show that, contrary to a single source-single destination case, a non-zero delay-limited capacity is achievable. We introduce opportunistic decode-and-forward (ODF) protocol which utilizes the relay depending on the channel state. Opportunistic cooperation significantly improves the delay-limited capacity of the system and performs very close to the cut-set bound. We also consider the system performance in terms of minimum outage probability. We show that ODF provides performance close to the cut-set bound from the outage probability perspective as well. Our results emphasize the importance of feedback for cooperative systems that have delay sensitive applications
Active noise control: a tutorial review (1999)

Active noise control (ANC) is achieved by introducing a cancelling "antinoise" wave through an appropriate array of secondary sources. These secondary sources are interconnected through an electronic system using a specific signal processing algorithm for the particular cancellation scheme. ANC has application to a wide variety of problems in manufacturing, industrial operations, and consumer products. The emphasis of this paper is on the practical aspects of ANC systems in terms of adaptive signal processing and digital signal processing (DSP) implementation for real-world applications. In this paper, the basic adaptive algorithm for ANC is developed and analyzed based on single-channel broad-band feedforward control. This algorithm is then modified for narrow-band feedforward and adaptive feedback control. In turn, these single-channel ANC algorithms are expanded to multiple-channel cases. Various online secondary-path modeling techniques and special adaptive algorithms, such as lattice, frequency-domain, subband, and recursive-least-squares, are also introduced. Applications of these techniques to actual problems are highlighted by several examples.
Oxygen increases ductus arteriosus smooth muscle cytosolic calcium via release of calcium from inositol triphosphate-sensitive stores (2005)

In utero, blood shunts away from the lungs via the ductus arteriosus (DA) and the foramen ovale. After birth, the DA closes concomitant with increased oxygen tension. The present experimental series tests the hypothesis that oxygen directly increases DA smooth muscle cell (SMC) cytosolic calcium ([Ca(2+)](i)) through inactivation of a K(+) channel, membrane depolarization, and entry of extracellular calcium. To test the hypothesis, DA SMC were isolated from late-gestation fetal lambs and grown to subconfluence in primary culture in low oxygen tension (25 Torr). DA SMC were loaded with the calcium-sensitive fluorophore fura-2 under low oxygen tension conditions and studied using microfluorimetry while oxygen tension was acutely increased (120 Torr). An acute increase in oxygen tension progressively increased DA SMC [Ca(2+)](i) by 11.7 +/- 1.4% over 40 min. The effect of acute normoxia on DA SMC [Ca(2+)](i) was mimicked by pharmacological blockade of the voltage-sensitive K(+) channel. Neither removal of extracellular calcium nor voltage-operated calcium channel blockade prevented the initial increase in DA SMC [Ca(2+)](i). Manganese quenching experiments demonstrated that acute normoxia initially decreases the rate of extracellular calcium entry. Pharmacological blockade of inositol triphosphate-sensitive, but not ryanodine-sensitive, intracellular calcium stores prevented the oxygen-induced increase in [Ca(2+)](i). Endothelin increased [Ca(2+)](i) in acutely normoxic, but not hypoxic, DA SMC. Thus acute normoxia 1) increases DA SMC [Ca(2+)](i) via release of calcium from intracellular calcium stores, and subsequent entry of extracellular calcium, and 2) potentiates the effect of contractile agonists. Prolonged patency of the DA may result from disordered intracellular calcium homeostasis.
Analysis of Spherical Indentation of an Elastic Bilayer Using a Modified Perturbation Approach (2011)

Accurate mechanical property measurement of films on substrates by instrumented indentation requires a solution describing the effective modulus of the film/substrate system. Here, a first-order elastic perturbation solution for spherical indentation on a film/substrate is presented. Finite element method (FEM) simulations were conducted for comparison with the analytical solution. FEM results indicate that the new solution is valid for a practical range of modulus mismatch, especially for a stiff film on a compliant substrate. It also shows that effective modulus curves for the spherical punch deviates from those of the flat punch when the thickness is comparable to contact size. The work is applicable in tribological films and other engineering systems requiring hard, protective coatings.
Diffusion Maps, Spectral Clustering and Eigenfunctions of Fokker-Planck operators (2005)

This paper presents a diffusion based probabilistic interpretation of spectral clustering and dimensionality reduction algorithms that use the eigenvectors of the normalized graph Laplacian. Given the pairwise adjacency matrix of all points, we define a diffusion distance between any two data points and show that the low dimensional representation of the data by the first few eigenvectors of the corresponding Markov matrix is optimal under a certain mean squared error criterion. Furthermore, assuming that data points are random samples from a density $p(\x) = e^{-U(\x)}$ we identify these eigenvectors as discrete approximations of eigenfunctions of a Fokker-Planck operator in a potential $2U(\x)$ with reflecting boundary conditions. Finally, applying known results regarding the eigenvalues and eigenfunctions of the continuous Fokker-Planck operator, we provide a mathematical justification for the success of spectral clustering and dimensional reduction algorithms based on these first few eigenvectors. This analysis elucidates, in terms of the characteristics of diffusion processes, many empirical findings regarding spectral clustering algorithms.
Selection of Interior Finish Materials to Improve Sanitary Status in Swine Buildings: Relations between Odor Emissions, Material Physical Characteristics and Bacterial Retention on the Surfaces (2004)

Four interior finish materials for swine housing were studied for their contribution to odoremissions in relation to some physical characteristics and residual bacteria. Materials wereimmerged for 72 hours in pig manure. Each sample was placed into an individual desorptionchamber. An air bag was pumped to determine the odor threshold. Bacterial samples were taken onmaterials by rubbing a sterile cotton swabs on their surfaces. Olfactometry results shown thatplastisol was the most odorant material followed by HDPE and 30 MPa concrete whereas galvanizedsteel emitted less malodorous odors. A PCR-SSCP analysis and 16S rDNA sequencing techniquewere carried out to identify bacterial genera and species. The presence of Propionibacterium wasfound on the most odorous tested surface. Bacterial colonization was related to the surface porosityand the roughness characteristic.
Computed Tomography Features and Tumor Spread Through Air Spaces in Lung Adenocarcinoma (2022)

To compare computed tomography (CT)-based radiologic features in patients, who are diagnosed with lung adenocarcinoma with the pathologically detected spread of tumor cells through air spaces (STAS positive [STAS+]) and those with no STAS. PubMed, Embase, and Scopus databases were systematically searched for observational studies (either retrospective or prospective) of patients with lung adenocarcinoma that had compared CT-based features between STAS+ and STAS-negative cases (STAS-). The pooled effect sizes were reported as odds ratio (OR) and weighted mean difference (WMD). STATA software was used for statistical analysis. The meta-analysis included 10 studies. Compared with STAS-, STAS+ adenocarcinoma was associated with increased odds of solid nodule (OR: 3.30, 95% CI: 2.52, 4.31), spiculation (OR: 2.05, 95% CI: 1.36, 3.08), presence of cavitation (OR: 1.49, 95% CI: 1.00, 2.22), presence of clear boundary (OR: 3.01, 95% CI: 1.70, 5.32), lobulation (OR: 1.65, 95% CI: 1.11, 2.47), and pleural indentation (OR: 1.98, 95% CI: 1.41, 2.77). STAS+ tumors had significant association with the presence of pulmonary vessel convergence (OR: 2.15, 95% CI: 1.61, 2.87), mediastinal lymphadenopathy (OR: 2.06, 95% CI: 1.20, 3.56), and pleural thickening (OR: 2.58, 95% CI: 1.73, 3.84). The mean nodule diameter (mm) (WMD: 6.19, 95% CI: 3.71, 8.66) and the mean solid component (%) (WMD: 24.5, 95% CI: 10.5, 38.6) were higher in STAS+ tumors, compared with STAS- ones. The findings suggest a significant association of certain CT-based features with the presence of STAS in patients with lung adenocarcinoma. These features may be important in influencing the nature of surgical management.
Investigation of the dynamic load modulation of an inverse class-F power amplifier with an adaptive matching network (2018)

This paper presents a 10 Watt gallium nitride (GaN) based inverse class-F power amplifier with dynamic load modulation. The designed power amplifier uses an adaptive output matching network, which is realized using MEMS switches (micro electro mechanical systems), for the enhancement of the power added efficiency over the dynamic output range. Through the load modulation achieved by the adaptive matching network an efficiency enhancement of approximately 30 pp (percentage point) at 10-dB-back-off at the drain of the transistor is achieved compared to a power amplifier without load modulation. Through the use of an in situ measurement approach in-depth investigations of the working principle of the realized amplifier and adaptive matching network are possible.
Mechanistic Aspects and Reaction Pathways for Oxidative Coupling of Methane on Mn/Na2WO4/SiO2 Catalysts (2009)

Kinetic and isotopic methods were used to determine the identity, rate constants, and reversibility of elementary steps for primary and secondary reactions involved in the oxidative coupling of methane (OCM) on Mn/Na2WO4/SiO2. We provide evidence in this study for parallel C−H bond activation pathways, in which H-abstraction is mediated by either oxygen species on surfaces or by OH radicals formed via H2O/O2 equilibration on catalyst surfaces. OCM rates and C2+ yields are higher when H2O is present and OH-mediated pathways prevail, because of the high reactivity of OH radicals and of their lesser sensitivity to the energy of the C−H bond containing the hydrogen abstracted. These coupled homogeneous-catalytic sequences account for all observed kinetic effects of O2, CH4, and H2O on rates and selectivities for both CH4 conversion and for subsequent reactions of C2H6, C2H4 and C3 products; they are also consistent with measured kinetic and thermodynamic isotope effects for C−H bond activation mediated by surface and OH radicals. Kinetic isotope effects and isotopic scrambling studies (CD4/CH4; D2O/H2O; 18O2/16O2) indicate that C−H bond activation is irreversible and kinetically-relevant. O2 dissociation is quasi-equilibrated, but becomes irreversible as H2O/O2 ratios increase with increasing conversion and residence time. Competitive reactions of 13CH4/O2 with 12C2H6, 12C2H4, and 12C3H6 with and without added H2O show that H-abstraction from hydrocarbons is much less sensitive to C−H bond strength when OH radicals are used to abstract hydrogen instead of oxide surfaces. Maximum C2+ yields require conditions that favor OH-mediated pathways while maintaining equilibrium oxygen surface coverages and OH radical concentrations. OH-mediated pathways are more sensitive to O2 pressure than surface-mediated pathways; thus, low O2 pressures and staging strategies that maintain stoichiometric O2 requirements and low local O2 pressures can improve C2+ selectivities but only when OH radicals are maintained at equilibrium concentrations via catalytic H2O−O2 reactions. These findings and interpretations indicate that intermediate O2 pressures give maximum C2+ yields, but that their optimal value depends sensitively on prevalent H2O concentrations as they vary with conversion along the reactor. These predictions about the consequences of various operating strategies have become feasible because of the detailed and quantitative nature of the mechanism-based kinetic networks reported here for the first time.
Comparison between Nanoparticle Encapsulation and Surface Loading for Lysosomal Enzyme Replacement Therapy (2022)

Poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) nanoparticles (NPs) enhance the delivery of therapeutic enzymes for replacement therapy of lysosomal storage disorders. Previous studies examined NPs encapsulating or coated with enzymes, but these formulations have never been compared. We examined this using hyaluronidase (HAse), deficient in mucopolysaccharidosis IX, and acid sphingomyelinase (ASM), deficient in types A−B Niemann−Pick disease. Initial screening of size, PDI, ζ potential, and loading resulted in the selection of the Lactel II co-polymer vs. Lactel I or Resomer, and Pluronic F68 surfactant vs. PVA or DMAB. Enzyme input and addition of carrier protein were evaluated, rendering NPs having, e.g., 181 nm diameter, 0.15 PDI, −36 mV ζ potential, and 538 HAse molecules encapsulated per NP. Similar NPs were coated with enzyme, which reduced loading (e.g., 292 HAse molecules/NP). NPs were coated with targeting antibodies (> 122 molecules/NP), lyophilized for storage without alterations, and acceptably stable at physiological conditions. NPs were internalized, trafficked to lysosomes, released active enzyme at lysosomal conditions, and targeted both peripheral organs and the brain after i.v. administration in mice. While both formulations enhanced enzyme delivery compared to free enzyme, encapsulating NPs surpassed coated counterparts (18.4- vs. 4.3-fold enhancement in cells and 6.2- vs. 3-fold enhancement in brains), providing guidance for future applications.
Long-term tumor control after endoscopic endonasal resection of craniopharyngiomas: comparison of gross-total resection versus subtotal resection with radiation therapy (2021)

GTR, which is possible to achieve in smaller tumors, resulted in improved tumor control, better visual outcome, and better functional recovery but a higher rate of diabetes insipidus compared with STR, even when the latter was supplemented with postoperative radiation therapy. GTR should be the goal of craniopharyngioma surgery, when achievable with minimal morbidity.
A cautionary note about latent inhibition in schizophrenia: are we ignoring relevant information? (2010)

It is clear that the concept of latent inhibition (LI) and the notion that it might be abnormal in schizophrenia (SZ) patients have been powerful heuristic tools for cross-species studies. Less clear has been the evidence that LI is actually abnormal in SZ, and if so, what the nature of such an abnormality might be, and which types of SZ patients might manifest it. We previously reported in two studies our ability to detect normal LI in a total of 88 SZ patients who successfully learned the non-preexposure task. Normal LI in these subjects could not be easily explained by peculiarities of the design of the LI task, or the characteristics of the study sample. Since submission of the last of these reports in 2004, we identified a total of three Medline papers in which LI was tested in SZ patients: one reported reduced LI only in unmedicated patients with predominant positive symptoms, another found elevated LI in only 6 out of 30 predominantly medicated patients who had the combination of low positive symptoms and high negative symptoms, and the third reported that LI was both reduced and elevated at different times within a single test, among medicated patients, unrelated to positive or negative symptoms. The belief that LI is abnormal in SZ persists, despite a paucity of clear, replicated, direct supportive evidence, and despite the presence of substantial relevant information that might lead us to conclude otherwise.
Nonlinear state estimation using forward-backward propagation of intervals in an algorithm (2000)

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Star porphyrazines: peripheral chelation of porphyrazineoctathiolate by diphosphinonickel ions (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStar porphyrazines: peripheral chelation of porphyrazineoctathiolate by diphosphinonickel ionsChristopher S. Velazquez, Theodore F. Baumann, Marilyn M. Olmstead, Hakon Hope, Anthony G. M. Barrett, and Brian M. HoffmanCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1993, 115, 22, 9997–10003Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00075a016https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00075a016research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views343Altmetric-Citations42LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (2)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Narrowband ultraviolet B inhibits innate cytosolic double-stranded RNA receptors in psoriatic skin and keratinocytes (2010)

Our results show that NB-UVB irradiation inhibits the local innate inflammatory response to dsRNA, and suggest a novel mechanism of action of NB-UVB phototherapy in psoriasis.
Monitoring in adaptive systems using reflection (2008)

Continuous evolution is a key trait of software-intensive systems. Many research projects investigate mechanisms to adapt software systems effectively in order to ease evolution. By observing its internal state and surrounding context continuously using feedback loops, an adaptive system is able to analyze its effectiveness by evaluating quality criteria and then self-tune to improve its operations. The goals of these feedback loops range from keeping single variables in a prescribed range to satisfying non-functional requirements by regulating decentralized, interdependent subsystems.
Die and MCM test strategy: the key to MCM manufacturability (2002)

Harris Corporation has undertaken a multi-chip module (MCM) project that will develop a four-channel digital RF receiver for use in very dense, lightweight systems. This MCM is designated the Digital Drop Receiver (DDR). Each channel is comprised of three chips: two digital decimating filters, and a numerically controlled oscillator/modulator. The ICs are interconnected to the MCM substrate by both TAB (tape automated bonding) and gold wire bonding. TAB assembly is used for the VLSI chips in order to be able to pretest these circuits at their maximum operating speed (up to 33 MHz) prior to assembly, substantially reducing die rework. Hypothetical yield models were developed comparing wirebonded, untested die, and TAB'ed, pretested die. The results of these models indicated that a wirebond version could require numerous rework iterations to produce a functional module and be well beyond current MIL STD H-38534 and 1772 rework allowances, not to mention the rework survivability of the MCM substrate. The TAB'ed, pretested model predicted 100% functional modules in two rework cycles.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>