gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Circumferential Rotator Cuff Repair With the N+4 Portal, Subclavian Portal, and High Posteromedial Portal (2015)

Passing suture during a rotator cuff repair requires proper orientation and purchase of the rotator cuff tendon. Our technique uses a new portal to improve access to the supraspinatus and infraspinatus and uses additional portals for a circumferential repair of the tear, thereby restoring the footprint. Using a penetrating suture passer through the anterior, posterior, and superomedial portals allows 270° of coverage. The lateral anchors complete the circumferential repair. Sutures from the medial anchors are passed in a retrograde fashion using 3 small incisions with no cannula. A spinal needle is used to localize the orientation of each portal. The N+4 portal is the workhorse portal, allowing access to the supraspinatus and infraspinatus. The suture retriever enters the trapezius 5 cm from the medial border of the acromion and 1 cm anterior to the spine of the scapula. It enters the subacromial space on top of the supraspinatus. This provides protection to the suprascapular nerve in the supraspinatus fossa. The cuff is lifted with a grasper to allow perpendicular passage of suture. The suture is retrieved for tying. The tissue purchase and location of suture placement help restore the footprint of the supraspinatus and infraspinatus. Additional sutures are passed anteriorly through the subclavian portal and posteriorly through the high posteromedial portal. The repair is completed with lateral-row anchors as needed.
WLC42-1: Multiple-Model Rao-Blackwellized Gauss-Hermite Filter for Joint Frequency Offset and Channel Estimator for the Semi-Blind MIMO-OFDM Receiver (2006)

In this paper, we propose a new statistical joint frequency offset and channel estimation for the blind MIMO-OFDM system, where a state and parameters of dynamic systems are unknown. To reduce a channel mismatch problem, we use the fixed structure interacting multiple model (FS-IMM) and the Rao-Blackwellized Gauss-Hermite filter to estimate a model-dependent channel and offset parameter, which enters an observation function in a nonlinear manner. The resulting structure consists of M parallel bank of Kalman filters driven by sampled nonlinear state variable sequences.
High Pressure Liquid Chromatographic Determination of Xanthomegnin in Grains and Animal Feeds (1983)

A high pressure liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method is described for the determination of xanthomegnin in grains and mixed animal feeds at levels ranging from 150 to 1200 ng/g. This is equivalent to actual amounts of xanthomegnin injected on the HPLC system at from 15 to 120 ng/injection. Xanthomegnin is extracted with chloroform and 0.1M phosphoric acid. An aliquot of the crude extract is purified by column chromatography using a commercially available silica gel cartridge. Xanthomegnin is then separated from the remaining interferences by HPLC with a reverse phase C-8 column, and subsequently determined by absorbance detection at 405 nm. Elapsed time for the method from initial extraction to final HPLC determination is approximately 1 h. Recoveries of xanthomegnin added to grains and animal feeds at levels from 150 to 1200 ng/g averaged 82% with a coefficient of variation of 10.2%.
Attosecond correlated electron dynamics at C$_{60}$ giant plasmon\n resonance (2021)

Fullerenes have unique physical and chemical properties that are associated\nwith their delocalized conjugated electronic structure. Among them, there is a\ngiant ultra-broadband - and therefore ultrafast - plasmon resonance, which for\nC$_{60}$ is in the extreme-ultraviolet energy range. While this peculiar\nresonance has attracted considerable interest for the potential downscaling of\nnanoplasmonic applications such as sensing, drug delivery and photocatalysis at\nthe atomic level, its electronic character has remained elusive. The ultrafast\ndecay time of this collective excitation demands attosecond techniques for\nreal-time access to the photoinduced dynamics. Here, we uncover the role of\nelectron correlations in the giant plasmon resonance of C$_{60}$ by employing\nattosecond photoemission chronoscopy. We find a characteristic photoemission\ndelay of up to 200 attoseconds pertaining to the plasmon that is purely induced\nby coherent large-scale correlations. This result provides novel insight into\nthe quantum nature of plasmonic resonances, and sets a benchmark for advancing\nnanoplasmonic applications.\n
Under Pressure: Lamina Cribrosa Pore Path Tortuosity in Response to Acute Pressure Modulation (2023)

LC pore path tortuosity could be associated with glaucoma susceptibility.
PIXE and Its Applications to Elemental Analysis (2019)

When charged particles collide with atoms, atomic inner shell electrons become ionized, producing characteristic X-rays. This phenomenon is called particle-induced X-ray emission (PIXE). The characteristic X-ray production cross-sections from PIXE are very large, and the characteristic X-rays of elements contained in a sample are easily measured by a Silicon detector with a high energy resolution. Hence, sodium to uranium can be detected with a sensitivity of ppb~ppm, and PIXE has been applied to trace element analysis. Scanning ion beams can be used to obtain the spatial distributions of elements in a sample. Furthermore, the distributions of elements inside a cell can be investigated using micro ion beams. PIXE analysis is a very useful technique for multi-elemental analysis and is now widely used in many fields and applications, including chemistry, medicine, biology, archaeology, agriculture, materials science, fisheries science, geology, petrology, environmental study, contamination monitoring, resource search, semiconductors, metal, astrophysics, earth science, criminal investigations, and food.
Acute Compartment Syndrome After Intramedullary Nailing of Isolated Radius and Ulna Fractures in Children (2013)

CS was an uncommon complication after IM fixation of pediatric diaphyseal forearm fractures in this retrospective case series. Open fractures and longer operative times were associated with developing CS after surgery. None of 45 patients who underwent IM nailing of closed fractures within 24 hours of injury developed CS; however, 51.4% of these patients required a small open approach to aid reduction and nail passage. We believe that utilizing a small open approach for reduction of one or both bones, thereby avoiding the soft-tissue trauma of multiple attempts to reduce the fracture and pass the nail, leads to decreased soft-tissue trauma and a lower rate of CS. We recommend a low threshold for converting to open reduction in cases where closed reduction is difficult.
Body condition score prior to parturition is associated with plasma and adipose tissue biomarkers of lipid metabolism and inflammation in Holstein cows (2018)

Overall, data indicated that cows with BCS 3.25 or lower before calving experienced greater alterations in systemic inflammation and basal lipolysis without excessive increases in NEFA plasma concentrations. Despite the greater plasma NEFA around parturition, cows with BCS 3.75 or higher seemed to have a more active system for catabolism of NEFA and utilization of glycerol within adipose tissue. A linkage between those pathways and risk of disorders postpartum remains to be determined.
Sustainable Development: Intercropping For Agricultural Production (2020)

The damaging effects of monoculture threaten the sustainability of our world. Genetic engineering, or biotechnology, gravely endangers the future integrity of genes with possible unforeseen mutations. For example, Monsanto has created a terminator technology that will not allow farmers to reproduce their own plants from secondary seeds. This minimizes the diversity of plant crop varieties by which farmers have relied upon for centuries. Biotechnology may thereby cause irreparable damage to the sustainability of the world's food supply. Although all biotechnology is not wrongful, most genetically engineered crops are potentially so dangerous that even insurance companies will not cover farmers that use them.
Fluconazole and its cocrystals with maleic and glutaric acids (2010)

Fluconazole (2-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-1,3-bis(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)-propan-2-ol), is a bis-triazole antifungal drug used to treat invasive infections caused by Candida. The drug is available in both oral and intravenous formulations. The crystal structures of three unsolvated forms, designated as polymorph I, II and III, as well as the structures of a monohydrate and the solvates containing ethyl acetate, acetone and benzene have already been reported [1], [2]. Here, the single-crystal X-ray structures of fluconazole (form III) and its cocrystals containing maleic and glutaric acids will be presented. Fluconazole (III): triclinic, P-1, a=7.4907(10), b=7.7640(10), c=11.9547(10) , =85.012(8), =84.507(8), =75.553(8) . Fluconazole with maleic acid: [(FluH 2 )(Hmal) 2 (H 2 mal)], triclinic, P-1, a=5.4983(5), b=13.8723(16), c=18.433(3) , =98.062(8), =91.748(8), =95.479(8) . Fluconazole with glutaric acid: [(Flu)(H 2 glu)], triclinic, P -1, a=5.6897(10), b=10.6593(15), c=17.063(3), =72.909(8), =84.453 (8), =80.863(8) .
Computer program ETC improves computation of elastic transfer matrices of Legendre polynomials P/0/ and P/1/ (1967)

Computer program ETC improves computation of elastic transfer matrices of Legendre polynomials P/0/ and P/1/. Rather than carrying out a double integration numerically, one of the integrations is accomplished analytically and the numerical integration need only be carried out over one variable.
Transforming Neural-Net Output Levels to Probability Distributions (1990)

(1) The outputs of a typical multi-output classification network do not satisfy the axioms of probability; probabilities should be positive and sum to one. This problem can be solved by treating the trained network as a preprocessor that produces a feature vector that can be further processed, for instance by classical statistical estimation techniques. (2) We present a method for computing the first two moments ofthe probability distribution indicating the range of outputs that are consistent with the input and the training data. It is particularly useful to combine these two ideas: we implement the ideas of section 1 using Parzen windows, where the shape and relative size of each window is computed using the ideas of section 2. This allows us to make contact between important theoretical ideas (e.g. the ensemble formalism) and practical techniques (e.g. back-prop). Our results also shed new light on and generalize the well-known &amp;quot;soft max&amp;quot; scheme. 1 Distribution of Categories in Output Space In many neural-net applications, it is crucial to produce a set of C numbers that serve as estimates of the probability of C mutually exclusive outcomes. For exam-ple, in speech recognition, these numbers represent the probability of C different phonemes; the probabilities of successive segments can be combined using a Hidden Markov Model. Similarly, in an Optical Character Recognition (&amp;quot;OCR&amp;quot;) applica-tion, the numbers represent C possible characters. Probability information for the &amp;quot;best guess &amp;quot; category (and probable runner-up categories) is combined with con-text, cost information, etcetera, to produce recognition of multi-character strings.
Complementation of an Arabidopsis thaliana mutant thatlacks complex asparagine-linked glycans with the human cDNA encodingN-acetylglucosaminyltransferase I. (1994)

N-Acetylglucosaminyltransferase I (EC 2.4.1.101) initiates the conversion of high-mannose asparagine-linked glycans to complex asparagine-linked glycans in plant as well as in animal cells. This Golgi enzyme is missing in the cgl mutant of Arabidopsis thaliana, and the mutant cells are unable to synthesize complex glycans. Transformation of cells from the mutant plants with the cDNA encoding human N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase I restores the wild-type phenotype of the plant cells. Fractionation of the subcellular organelles on isopycnic sucrose gradients shows that the human enzyme in the complemented cells bands at the same density, 1.14 g/cm3, typical of Golgi cisternae, as the enzyme in the wild-type plant cells. These results demonstrate that complementation results from the presence of the human enzyme in the plant Golgi apparatus, where it is functionally integrated into the biosynthetic machinery of the plant cell. In addition, given the evolutionary distance between plants and mammals and the great diversity of glycoproteins that are modified in each, there is probably no specific recognition between this Golgi enzyme and the polypeptide domains of the proteins it modifies.
The early spread and epidemic ignition of HIV-1 in human populations (2014)

Thirty years after the discovery of HIV-1, the early transmission, dissemination, and establishment of the virus in human populations remain unclear. Using statistical approaches applied to HIV-1 sequence data from central Africa, we show that from the 1920s Kinshasa (in what is now the Democratic Republic of Congo) was the focus of early transmission and the source of pre-1960 pandemic viruses elsewhere. Location and dating estimates were validated using the earliest HIV-1 archival sample, also from Kinshasa. The epidemic histories of HIV-1 group M and nonpandemic group O were similar until ~1960, after which group M underwent an epidemiological transition and outpaced regional population growth. Our results reconstruct the early dynamics of HIV-1 and emphasize the role of social changes and transport networks in the establishment of this virus in human populations.
Tailoring Exciton-Polariton Emission Lines From Wide-Ranging Monolayer Semiconductors with a Broadband Mie Resonator (2022)

Abstract Two-dimensional (2D) exciton-polaritons in monolayer transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) exhibit practical advantages in valley coherence, optical nonlinearities, and even bosonic condensation owing to their light emission capability. To achieve robust exciton-polariton emission, strong photon-exciton couplings are required at the TMD monolayer, which is challenging due to its limited thickness. High-quality(Q)-factor optical cavities with narrowband resonances are an effective approach but typically limited to a specific excitonic state of a certain TMD material. Herein, we achieve on-demand exciton-polariton emission for a wide range of monolayer TMDs by hybridizing 2D excitons with broadband Mie resonances spanning the whole visible spectrum. By tightly confining broadband light at the TMD monolayer, our one type of Mie resonator on different TMDs enables enhanced light-matter interactions with multiple excitonic states simultaneously. We demonstrate multi-Rabi splittings and robust polaritonic photoluminescence (PL) in monolayer WSe 2 , WS 2 , and MoS 2 . The hybrid system enables to approach the ultra-strong coupling regime at room temperature.
A study of the nonlinear response of the upper atmosphere to episodic and stochastic acoustic‐gravity wave forcing (2017)

Abstract Perturbations caused by geophysical and anthropogenic events on the ground have been observed to propagate upward and impact the upper atmosphere. Gravity waves with wavelengths less than 750 km are known to be responsible for the total electron content (TEC) perturbations and to play a significant role in the mass, momentum, and energy budgets of the mesosphere and lower thermosphere. These waves are, however, difficult to continuously measure, globally resolve, and deterministically specify in first‐principle ionosphere‐thermosphere (IT) models. In this study, we investigate IT response to induced acoustic‐gravity waves resulting from strong time‐varying lower atmospheric wave forcing, including a traveling wave packet (TWP) and stochastic gravity wave (SGW) fields using the nonlinear Global Ionosphere Thermosphere Model (GITM) with high‐resolution grids of 0.08° in longitude and latitude. When TWP and SGW forcing occurs concurrently, the induced gravity waves (GWs) cause variation of ±8.8% in neutral, ±6.2% in electron density, and ±1.5% in TEC. The magnitudes decrease by 2.4% (from ±8.8% to ±6.4%) with the SGW effects simulated separately and subtracted; importantly, interactions between TWP and SGW contribute to ±1.4% of the perturbations. On the other hand, the induced acoustic waves (AWs) cause variation of ±13.9% in neutral, ±2.1% in electron density, and ±0.4% in TEC. Furthermore, GWs sustain tens of minutes after the TWP has passed through the lower atmosphere and clear traveling ionospheric disturbances and traveling atmospheric disturbances are developed. We demonstrate that clear wave structures from an episodic event can be isolated even under a ubiquitously and overwhelmingly perturbed atmosphere.
Impact of Ki-67 Labeling Index on Prognostic Significance of the Chemotherapy Response Score in Women With Tubo-ovarian Cancer Treated With Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy (2020)

The chemotherapy response score (CRS) proposed by Bohm and colleagues in 2015 has been validated as a reproducible method for determining histopathologic response of tubo-ovarian carcinoma to neoadjuvant chemotherapy and stratifies tumor response into 3 groups: CRS1 is defined as minimal/no response, CRS2 as moderate response, and CRS3 as marked response. Although described as a 3-tiered system, it essentially works as a 2-tiered system (CRS1/CRS2 vs. CRS3) for assessing prognosis. Here, we analyzed the prognostic value of CRS in a large cohort of tubo-ovarian carcinomas at a tertiary care center and evaluated the potential for Ki-67 labeling index on post-neoadjuvant chemotherapy samples to provide additional prognostic information. We included 170 patients with tubo-ovarian carcinoma treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by interval debulking surgery. We determined CRS for each case by reviewing slides from the interval debulking surgery resection specimen and calculated progression-free survival and overall survival. For each case with residual disease (CRS1 and CRS2, n=123, 72%), we also performed Ki-67 antibody staining and determined both average and highest Ki-67 labeling index. Consistent with prior studies, patients in our cohort with CRS1 and CRS2 showed significantly shorter progression-free survival and overall survival compared with CRS3. Further, in the subset of cases with CRS1 and CRS2, Ki-67 labeling index was predictive of OS at multiple cutoff points. An average Ki-67 labeling index of 20% (log rank test P-value: 0.0004) or a highest Ki-67 labeling index of 50% (log rank test P-value: 0.0002) could provide a practically useful cutoff. Multivariable cox proportional hazard model showed worse overall survival with both, average Ki-67 >20% (hazard ratios: 2.02, P-value: 0.00422, confidence interval: 1.25-3.28) and highest Ki-67 >50% (hazard ratios: 1.88, P-value: 0.0205, confidence interval: 1.1-3.2). We propose adding Ki-67 labeling index to CRS to provide additional prognostic separation between patients with CRS1 and CRS2.
Platinum Nanoparticles: Green Synthesis and Biomedical Applications (2020)

Platinum nanoparticles (PtNPs) have superior physicochemical properties and great potential in biomedical applications. Eco-friendly and economic approaches for the synthesis of PtNPs have been developed to overcome the shortcomings of the traditional physical and chemical methods. Various biogenic entities have been utilized in the green synthesis of PtNPs, including mainly plant extracts, algae, fungi bacteria, and their biomedical effects were assessed. Other biological derivatives have been used in the synthesis of PtNPs such as egg yolk, sheep milk, honey, and bovine serum albumin protein. The green approaches for the synthesis of PtNPs have reduced the reaction time, the energy required, and offered ambient conditions of fabrication. This review highlights the state-of-the-art methods used for green synthesis of PtNPs, synthesis parameters, and their reported biomedical applications.
Carbobenzoxy derivatives of S-Aminoalkyl-L-cysteines (1966)

CARBOBENZOXY DERIVATIVES OF X-AMINOALKYL-L-CYSTEINES* I n connection with certain studies of modifications of lysine and X-aminoalkylcysteine side-chains in proteins, it was necessary to prepare derivatives of 8-aminoalkylcysteines with the u-amino group blocked.Bezas and Zervasl have developed a practical procedure for the synthesis of Nu-carbobenzoxylysine from the Nc-benzylidene derivative, and it seemed possible to prepare similar derivatives of the aminoalkylcysteines by routine application of their method.They carried out the carbobenzoxylation reaction a t -5 to -lo0, and noted the appearance of Ne-carbobenzoxylysine as a by-product if the temperature were allowed to rise.In the present study, the reaction was deliberately carried out at lo0, and simultaneous yields of 20% of NEand 60°/, of Na-carbobenzoxylysine were obtained.
Prognostic role of microRNA-34a expression in colorectal cancer. (2014)

472 Background: Colorectal Cancer (CRC) is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. MicroRNA-34a (miR-34a), a tumor suppressor gene, is known to be down-regulated in CRC cell lines and recently shown to be a cell-fate determinant in early-stage dividing colon cancer stem cells. However, its prognostic significance is unclear. Methods: MiR-34a detection was performed by in situ hybridization on a CRC tissue microarray (n=127; stage I, 21 patients; II: 42; III: 33; IV: 31). Its expression was graded as negative (no signal), low (expression in 1-19% of cancer cells), moderate (20-49% of cancer cells), and strong (50-100% of cancer cells). The correlations between miR-34a expression and EGFR, osteopontin (OPN), p53, Ki67, LEF1, VEGF, COX2, MMR, stage and grade were evaluated by chi-squared test and Spearman's rank correlation coefficient. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis, log-rank test and Cox regression model were used to assess the association of miR-34a expression with recurrence-free survival (RFS) and disease specific survival (DSS). Results: MiR-34a expression had moderate positive correlation with genes associated with tissue proliferation and invasion, including Ki67 (Spearman's r=0.28, p=0.002), and weak correlation with EGFR (r=0.2, p=0.02) and LEF1 (r=0.18, p=0.039). In the subgroup of patients (n=75; stage II/III) with negative OPN expression (n=25), weak or negative miR-34a expression was associated with worse RFS (HR=4.1; 95%CI=1.1-15.9; p=0.036) and DSS (HR=10.5; 95%CI=1.2-94.5; p=0.036). Conclusions: Our results suggest that down-regulated or absent expression of miR-34a correlates with worse RFS and DSS in stage II - III CRC patients with negative OPN expression. Further investigation of miR34a in prospective randomized studies is warranted to establish its role as a prognostic factor for CRC outcome.
Roadmap for Hybridization of Military Tactical Vehicles: How Can We Get There? (2002)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;The U.S. Army's National Automotive Center has contracted with Illinois Institute of Technology Research Institute (IITRI), Southwest Research Institute (SwRI), and Advanced Propulsion, LLC, to evaluate the effects on fuel consumption and logistics that would result from hybridizing the powertrains of the Army's tactical wheeled vehicle fleet. This paper will outline the approach taken to perform that evaluation and present a synopsis of results achieved to date.&lt;/div&gt;
Oxidative Heterocyclization Using Diethyl Azodicarboxylate (1990)

The reactions of amidinothioureas, imidoylthioureas, thioacylamidines, O-methyl-1-aryl-2-thioisobiurets, and 1-aryl-isodithiobiurets with diethyl azodicarboxylate (DEAD, diethyl diazenedicarboxylate) gave the corresponding thiadiazoles by the oxidative cyclic S-N bond formation. Analogously, the oxidative cyclization of 2-phenyl-5-(1-methylthiosemicarbazido)-3(2H)-pyridazinones with DEAD provided 4-methyl-7-phenyl-4H-pyridazino[4,5-e] [1,3,4]-thiadiazin-8(7H)-ones.