gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Modulation of the IGF1R-MTOR pathway attenuates motor neuron toxicity of human ALS SOD1G93A astrocytes (2021)

ALS (amyotrophic lateral sclerosis), the most common motor neuron disease, causes muscle denervation and rapidly fatal paralysis. While motor neurons are the most affected cells in ALS, studies on the pathophysiology of the disease have highlighted the importance of non-cell autonomous mechanisms, which implicate astrocytes and other glial cells. In ALS, subsets of reactive astrocytes lose their physiological functions and become toxic for motor neurons, thereby contributing to disease pathogenesis. Evidence of astrocyte contribution to disease pathogenesis are well established in cellular and animal models of familial ALS linked to mutant SOD1, where astrocytes promote motor neuron cell death. The mechanism underlying astrocytes reactivity in conditions of CNS injury have been shown to involve the MTOR pathway. However, the role of this conserved metabolic signaling pathway, and the potential therapeutic effects of its modulation, have not been investigated in ALS astrocytes. Here, we show elevated activation of the MTOR pathway in human-derived astrocytes harboring mutant SOD1, which results in inhibition of macroautophagy/autophagy, increased cell proliferation, and enhanced astrocyte reactivity. We demonstrate that MTOR pathway activation in mutant SOD1 astrocytes is due to post-transcriptional upregulation of the IGF1R (insulin like growth factor 1 receptor), an upstream positive modulator of the MTOR pathway. Importantly, inhibition of the IGF1R-MTOR pathway decreases cell proliferation and reactivity of mutant SOD1 astrocytes, and attenuates their toxicity to motor neurons. These results suggest that modulation of astrocytic IGF1R-MTOR pathway could be a viable therapeutic strategy in SOD1 ALS and potentially other neurological diseases.<b>Abbreviations:</b> ACM: astrocyte conditioned medium; AKT: AKT serine/threonine kinase; ALS: amyotrophic lateral sclerosis; BrdU: thymidine analog 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine; CNS: central nervous system; EIF4EBP1/4EBP1: eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E binding protein 1; GFAP: glial fibrillary acidic protein; IGF1R: insulin like growth factor 1 receptor; INSR: insulin receptor; iPSA: iPSC-derived astrocytes; MAP1LC3B/LC3B: microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3 beta;MTOR: mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase; NES: nestin; PPK1: 3-phosphoinositide dependent protein kinase 1; PI: propidium iodide; PPP: picropodophyllotoxin; PTEN: phosphatase and tensin homolog; S100B/S100β: S100 calcium binding protein B; SLC1A3/ EAAT1: solute carrier family 1 member 3; SMI-32: antibody to nonphosphorylated NEFH; SOD1: superoxide dismutase 1; TUBB3: tubulin beta 3 class III; ULK1: unc-51 like autophagy activating kinase 1.
Static and Dynamic Wetting Characteristics of Nano-patterned Surfaces (2008)

In efforts to increase the scanning speeds of the current state-of-the-art IC chip manufacturing process, immersion lithography, the present work investigates the liquid wetting effects of oriented surface nanopatterns with varying depth. In this set of experiments, both static and forced dynamic contact line behaviors of two liquids were studied on two substrate materials imprinted with line-space nanopatterns of varying depth and hybridization (second tier of nano-posts). These experiments found a variety hydrophobic and hydrophilic behaviors, some of which deviate from conventional wetting theories. Specifically, the static and dynamic liquid contact angles are found to consistently depend on the depth of patterns with the same interfacial areas, and a surface with contact angle less than 90° was turned highly hydrophobic with the addition of patterns.
Acoustic (Underwater) Communications (2003)

Abstract The need for underwater wireless communications exists in off‐shore oil industry, environmental monitoring, speech transmission between divers, control of autonomous underwater vehicles, and mapping of the ocean floor for detection of objects and discovery of new resources. Wireless underwater communications can be established by transmission of acoustic waves. However, the communication channels have limited bandwidth, and often cause severe multipath dispersion and time‐variability. Despite these limitations, research efforts of the 90's have culminated in the development of underwater acoustic modems that are capable of transmitting information at rates on the order of several kilobits per second systems over varying distances. The emerging scenario is that of an underwater communication network consisting of both stationary and mobile nodes. Current research is focusing on the design of efficient modulation and coding schemes, adaptive signal processing algorithms for equalization and diversity combining, multiple‐access communication methods and network protocols suited for low bandwidth, long propagation delays and strict power requirements encountered in the underwater environment.
A 3-D bidirectional optical link using a stacked thin-film emitter and detector (2003)

The fabrication of a colocated three-dimensional stacked thin-film device, which can be used for single-fiber bidirectional communication, has been demonstrated. A thin-film light-emitting diode (LED) with a diameter of 50 μm has been stacked on top of a thin-film inverted metal-semiconductor-metal (I-MSM) photodetector (PD) with a detecting diameter of 200 μm. Both devices in the stack have been tested, and the I-MSM PD in the PD/LED stack has a responsivity of 0.31 A/W, which is consistent with the theoretical analysis using a uniform illumination approximation.
Leptin Induces Growth Hormone Secretion from Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells via a Protein Kinase C- and Nitric Oxide-Dependent Mechanism (2003)

Leptin is a key mediator of signals regulating food intake and energy expenditure and exerts potent immunomodulatory effects. We investigated the mechanisms mediating the action of leptin on GH secretion from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Using immunofluorescence microscopy, we demonstrated a polarized expression pattern of leptin receptor protein on the surface of mononuclear cells and constitutive expression of GH in PBMCs. Leptin exhibited a dose-dependent stimulatory effect on GH secretion by PBMCs and also up-regulated the GH receptor gene expression. We did not observe any additive effects of leptin on GH secretion upon activation of cells with the plant mitogen phytohemagglutinin, unlike leptin, phytohemagglutinin exerted no effect on GH receptor mRNA expression. Leptin led to a nitric oxide (NO) synthase (NOS)-specific, dose-dependent increase in NO production from PBMCs because leptin-induced NO release was blocked by the addition of the NOS inhibitor Nomega-Nitro-l-arginine methyl ester and protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitor calphostin C. This leptin-induced GH secretion was dependent on both PKC and NO activation because the addition of PKC and NOS inhibitors inhibited leptin-induced GH production. Although the addition of sodium nitroprusside, a spontaneous liberator of NO, stimulated GH release from PBMCs, leptin had no additive or synergistic effect on sodium nitroprusside-induced GH production. Together, these findings demonstrate a unique action of leptin on immune cells via its ability to stimulate the GH production by blood mononuclear cells via PKC- and NO-dependent pathways. These data also support a probable role for local immune-derived GH in mediating some of the pleiotropic actions of leptin.
Modeling a new generation of RF devices: MOSFETs for L-band applications (2002)

Results on large-signal modeling efforts for a novel MOSFET technology for L-band RF applications are presented. A parameter extraction procedure which yields accurate RF MOS large-signal models using DC and S-parameter data is presented along with a comparison of measured and modeled class-B amplifier, mixer, and S-parameter data.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Schemaless and structureless graph querying (2014)

Querying complex graph databases such as knowledge graphs is a challenging task for non-professional users. Due to their complex schemas and variational information descriptions, it becomes very hard for users to formulate a query that can be properly processed by the existing systems. We argue that for a user-friendly graph query engine, it must support various kinds of transformations such as synonym, abbreviation, and ontology. Furthermore, the derived query results must be ranked in a principled manner. In this paper, we introduce a novel framework enabling &lt;u&gt;s&lt;/u&gt;chema&lt;u&gt;l&lt;/u&gt;ess and &lt;u&gt;s&lt;/u&gt;tructure&lt;u&gt;l&lt;/u&gt;ess graph &lt;u&gt;q&lt;/u&gt;uerying (SLQ), where a user need not describe queries precisely as required by most databases. The query engine is built on a set of transformation functions that automatically map keywords and linkages from a query to their matches in a graph. It automatically learns an effective ranking model, without assuming manually labeled training examples, and can efficiently return top ranked matches using graph sketch and belief propagation. The architecture of SLQ is elastic for "plug-in" new transformation functions and query logs. Our experimental results show that this new graph querying paradigm is promising: It identifies high-quality matches for both keyword and graph queries over real-life knowledge graphs, and outperforms existing methods significantly in terms of effectiveness and efficiency.
High resolution observations of displacements caused by bainitic transformation (1996)

High resolution measurements of the displacements caused by the formation of bainite in a steel have confirmed that the surface relief due to each platelet in any given sheaf is identical to that of the others in a sheaf, and that the relief of each subunit conforms with the general features of an invariant plane strain. The maximum observed shear strain wasfound to be about 0·26, which is consistent with the magnitude expected from the phenomenological theory of martensite crystallography. Clear evidence has also been obtained of the plastic deformation induced in the adjacent austenite by the growth of bainite.MST/3270
Mouse T lymphoma cells contain a transmembrane glycoprotein (GP85) that binds ankyrin (1988)

In this study we have used complementary biochemical and immunological techniques to establish that the lymphoma GP85 membrane glycoprotein is a transmembrane protein with a cytoplasmic domain that binds directly to ankyrin, a molecule known to link the membrane to the cytoskeleton. The evidence supporting our conclusion that the GP85 is a transmembrane glycoprotein is as follows: (a) GP85 can be surface-labeled with Na 125I and contains wheat germ agglutinin-binding sites, indicating that it has an extracellular domain; (b) GP85 can be phosphorylated by intracellular kinases, indicating that it has an intracellular domain; and (c) GP85 can be successfully incorporated into phospholipid vesicles, indicating the existence of a hydrophobic domain in the molecule. Further studies show that GP85 displays immunological cross-reactivity with the lymphocyte Pgp-1 (differentiation-specific) membrane glycoprotein, and with the erythrocyte anion transport membrane protein, band 3. Immunocytochemical studies indicate that an ankyrin-like protein accumulates underneath the lymphoma GP85 cap structure, suggesting an association of the ankyrin-like protein and GP85. This relationship has been further confirmed by the following results of binding and reconstitution experiments: (a) purified GP85 binds directly to an ankyrin-Sepharose column; (b) purified GP85 inserts into phospholipid vesicles in both the normal (right side out) and reversed (inside out) orientation (and with only the reversed configuration permits binding of ankyrin to GP85); and (c) cleavage of GP85 with trypsin yields a 40-kD peptide fragment that is part of the cytoplasmic domain and contains the ankyrin binding site(s). Based on these findings, we suggest that the lymphoma GP85 transmembrane glycoprotein contains a cytoplasmic domain that is directly involved in linking ankyrin to the cytoskeleton. This transmembrane linkage may play a pivotal role in receptor capping and cell activation in lymphocytes.
Antiinflammatory Effects of Argatroban Can Be Differentiated from Other Direct Thrombin Inhibitors. Experimental and Clinical Observations (2007)

Direct thrombin inhibitors (DTIs) such as Argatroban, Angiomax and Lepirudin are used in the treatment of patients with heparin‐induced thrombocytopenia (HIT). Some DTIs may be capable of additional effects such as vasomodulation, anti‐inflammatory and cellular modulatory effects. Plasma samples collected pretreatment and 3 days after treatment from HIT patients administered Argatroban (n=10), Angiomax (n=7) or Lepirudin (n=14) were profiled for NO levels (Sievers, Boulder, CO) and markers of inflammation [myeloperoxidase (MPO), CD40 ligand (CD40L) and asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA)]. The control group consisted of 50 normal adult male and female volunteers. Levels of MPO and CD40L did not differ among the treatment groups at baseline, though they were higher relative to the control group. MPO and CD40L levels were not altered by treatment with Angiomax or Lepirudin. Moreover, ADMA levels were markedly increased. In the argatroban treated group, these levels were significantly decreased (p&lt;0.05). However, when the NO levels were measured in platelets, an increase was noted in the argatroban group only. These studies suggest that argatroban is capable of upregulating intraplatelet NO levels which may be involved in the suppression of platelet activation in HIT. Together with this observation, and a down‐regulation of various inflammatory markers, these observations are highly suggestive of the differential effects of argatroban in comparison to other DTIs.
Determinants of Population Changes in Fibrinogen and Factor VII Over 6 Years (2000)

Although numerous cross-sectional studies have identified possible determinants of plasma fibrinogen and factor VII levels, few prospective studies exist. We assessed the longitudinal relation of changes in fibrinogen and factor VII over 6 years with changes to other cardiovascular risk factors in a sample of 440 men and 549 women from the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study. Fibrinogen increased more in older participants, those with or who developed diabetes, those who at any time smoked, and those whose plasma HDL cholesterol or triglycerides decreased and increased less in female participants who started hormonal replacement therapy. Factor VII coagulant activity increased more in younger participants, women, those who gained greater weight or developed diabetes, those who quit smoking, those in whom plasma triglycerides decreased, and female participants who received hormonal replacement therapy. Thus, our longitudinal data suggest with some exceptions that adverse changes in cardiovascular risk factors are accompanied by increases in plasma levels of fibrinogen and factor VII.
Supplementary Methods from High-Throughput Screening of Combinatorial Immunotherapies with Patient-Specific <i>In Silico</i> Models of Metastatic Colorectal Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Extensive description of the model implementation and the specifics of treatment simulation.&lt;/p&gt;
Seal Formation in Silicon Planar (2008)

This paper presents a microfabricated planar patch- clamp electrode design and looks at the impact of several physical characteristics on seal formation. The device consists of a patch aperture, 1.5-2.5 µ mi n diameter and 7-12µ mi n depth, with a reverse-side deep-etched 80-µm well. The patch aperture was coated with either thermal oxide or plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposited (PECVD) SiO2. Some of the thermal oxide devices were converted into protruding nozzle structures, and some were boron-doped. Seal formation was tested with cultured N2a neu- roblastoma cells. The PECVD oxide devices produced an average seal resistance of 34 MΩ(n = 24), and the thermal oxide devices produced an average seal resistance of 96 MΩ(n = 59) .S eal resistance was found to positively correlate with patch aperture depth. Whole-cell recordings were obtained from 14% of cells tested with the thermal oxide devices, including a single recording where a gigaohm seal was obtained. (2007-0159)
Section I: Fractures of the proximal tibia (2014)

Knee instability (valgus instability is an indication for surgery, but beware of the presence of pseudolaxity).
Controle químico de Brachiaria decumbens em pastagem de Cynodon dactylon híbridos Coast-cross e Tifton 85 (2005)

Aiming at the control of the Brachiaria decumbens in degraded pastures of the Coast-Cross and Tifton 85 hybrids (Cynodon dactylon), two experiments were carried out, each one for each forage, where increasing doses of the commercial mixture diuron/ MSMA and one dose of MSMA were applied. The randomized block experimental design was used with seven treatments and four replicates. The plots were 6m long and 4m wide. The treatments were applied on the total area and on mature weeds. The diuron / MSMA mixture at the dose of 1120 + 2880 g/ha, respectively, provided efficient control (90%) of B. decumbens at 42 DAA. MSMA at the dose of 2880 g/ha was not effective in controlling B. decumbens over the appraised period, since its control was lower than 70% from 14 to 42 DAA. Diuron / MSMA at the dose of 1120 + 2880 g/ha and MSMA at the dose of 2880 g/ha provided light injuries in C. dactylon hybrids from 7 to 14 DAA, that disappeared at 30 DAA and not affected the development of the forages, so making possible a fast reestablishment of the pasture.
Dynamic Visualization of Quality in Online Conversations (2018)

This paper reports on software designed to visualize levels of quality within online conversational media. Prior to construction, data mining was performed on 2,157 online conversations and examined for attributes of quality. This initial dataset was analyzed for lexical complexity and prompt-specific vocabulary usage and helped guide the redesign of an existing asynchronous online discussion board (AOD). The new design incorporates a real-time quality analyzer and provides users with a visual breakdown of their post in relation to the overall group discussion thread. Results found that the proposed system produced higher levels of overall quality in discussion posts and increased interactions with higher quality discussion posts. Survey results and a social network analysis (SNA) indicate that the proposed system produced higher levels of system satisfaction and group cohesion when compared against control software.
Cardiac Fibroblasts Regulate Myocardial Proliferation and Ventricular Formation Through β1 Integrin Signaling (2008)

Understanding the molecular and cellular mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of ocular injured induced by mustard gas can help better identify complications and discover appropriate therapies. This study aimed to analyze the proteomics of tears of chemical warfare victims with mustard gas ocular injuries and compare it with healthy individuals. In this case-control research, 10 mustard gas victims with long-term ocular difficulties (Chronic) were included in the patient group, while 10 healthy persons who were age and sex matched to the patients were included in the control group. Schirmer strips were used to collect the tears of the participants. Proteomics experiments were performed using the high-efficiency TMT10X method to evaluate the tear protein profile, and statistical bioinformatics methods were used to identify the differently expressed proteins. 24 proteins had different expressions between the two groups. Among these 24 proteins, 8 proteins had increased expression in veterans' tears, while the remaining 16 proteins had decreased expression. Reactome pathways were used to look at proteins with various expressions, and 13 proteins were found to be engaged in the immune system, 9 of which were effective in the innate immune system, and 5 proteins were effective in the complement cascade. Ocular mustard gas exposure may cause a compromised immune system on the eye's surface, exposing the cornea to external and endogenous infections, and eventually causing corneal opacity and reduced vision.
Laparoscopy/New Technology (2010)

No AccessJournal of UrologyAdult Urology1 Jul 2010Laparoscopy/New Technology Jeffrey A. CadedduM.D. Jeffrey A. CadedduJeffrey A. Cadeddu More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.juro.2010.03.089AboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail © 2010 by American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 184Issue 1July 2010Page: 104-107 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2010 by American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.MetricsAuthor Information Jeffrey A. Cadeddu More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF downloadLoading ...
Operation of an Electrical Excited Synchronous Machine by Contactless Energy Transfer to the Rotor (2018)

This paper deals with the design, the setup, and the operation of a rotating contactless energy transfer (CET) system. The system is used to replace the slip rings of an electrical excited synchronous machine and to transfer energy onto the rotor of the machine without mechanical contact. A compensation topology with an autoresonant circuit to generate the high frequency voltage is presented. Furthermore, the required parameters of the CET system are calculated. Based on these calculations, the system consisting of the power electronics, the compensation network, the magnetic path, the control system, and the electrical excited synchronous machine with controller, is set up. Finally, the calculated parameters are verified by measurements.
Efficient cell migration requires global chromatin condensation (2010)

Cell migration is a fundamental process that is necessary for the development and survival of multicellular organisms. Here, we show that cell migration is contingent on global condensation of the chromatin fiber. Induction of directed cell migration by the scratch-wound assay leads to decreased DNaseI sensitivity, alterations in the chromatin binding of architectural proteins and elevated levels of H4K20me1, H3K27me3 and methylated DNA. All these global changes are indicative of increased chromatin condensation in response to induction of directed cell migration. Conversely, chromatin decondensation inhibited the rate of cell migration, in a transcription-independent manner. We suggest that global chromatin condensation facilitates nuclear movement and reshaping, which are important for cell migration. Our results support a role for the chromatin fiber that is distinct from its known functions in genetic processes.