gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Simulating putative Enceladus-like conditions: The possibility of biological methane production on Saturn’s icy moon (2018)

Abstract In this study (Taubner et al. 2018), three different methanogenic archaea ( Methanothermococcus okinawensis , Methanothermobacter marburgensis , and Methanococcus villosus ) were tested for metabolic activities and growth under putative Enceladus-like conditions, including high pressure experiments and tests on the tolerance towards potential gaseous and liquid inhibitors detected in Enceladus’ plume. In particular, M. okinawensis , an isolate from a deep marine trench (Takai et al. 2002), showed tolerance towards all of the added inhibitors and maintained methanogenesis even in the range of 10 to 50 bar. Further, we were able to show that H 2 production based on serpentinization may be sufficient to fuel such methanogenic life on Enceladus. The experiments revealed that methanogenesis could, in principle, be feasible under Enceladus-like conditions.
Microcirculatory dysfunction in cardiogenic shock (2023)

Cardiogenic shock is usually defined as primary cardiac dysfunction with low cardiac output leading to critical organ hypoperfusion, and tissue hypoxia, resulting in high mortality rate between 40% and 50% despite recent advances. Many studies have now evidenced that cardiogenic shock not only involves systemic macrocirculation, such as blood pressure, left ventricular ejection fraction, or cardiac output, but also involves significant systemic microcirculatory abnormalities which seem strongly associated with the outcome. Although microcirculation has been widely studied in the context of septic shock showing heterogeneous alterations with clear evidence of macro and microcirculation uncoupling, there is now a growing body of literature focusing on cardiogenic shock states. Even if there is currently no consensus regarding the treatment of microcirculatory disturbances in cardiogenic shock, some treatments seem to show a benefit. Furthermore, a better understanding of the underlying pathophysiology may provide hypotheses for future studies aiming to improve cardiogenic shock prognosis.
Audiovisual quality evaluation of low-bitrate video (2005)

Audiovisual quality assessment is a relatively unexplored topic. We designed subjective experiments for audio, video, and audiovisual quality using content and encoding parameters representative of video for mobile applications. Our focus were the MPEG-4 AVC (a.k.a. H.264) and AAC coding standards. Our goals in this study are two-fold: we want to understand the interactions between audio and video in terms of perceived audiovisual quality, and we use the subjective data to evaluate the prediction performance of our non-reference video and audio quality metrics.
Cobalt‐porphyrin‐nafion film on carbon microarray electrode to monitor oxygen for enzyme analysis of glucose (1991)

Abstract A microcarbon array electrode was modified by the placement of a Nafion film containing cobalt tetra‐methylpyridyl phorphyrin on its surface. This electrode was applied to the analysis of solution glucose when it was further modified by the immobilization of glucose oxidase on the outermost surface of the Nafion by the cross‐linking of serum albumin with glutaraldehyde. The concomitant decrease in the concentration of oxygen, as it was consumed in the enzymatic reaction of glucose with glucose oxidase, was determined by either cyclic voltammetry or a double potential step method at the porphyrin‐Nafion catalytic electrode. Glucose could be determined in the range, of 0.01‐;4 mM rapidly, without interference from substances such as accurate or other saccharides.
Putting the brakes on p53-driven apoptosis (2012)

Following genotoxic stress, cells activate a complex, kinase-based signaling network to arrest the cell cycle and initiate DNA repair or apoptosis. The tumor suppressor p53 lies at the heart of this DNA damage response. p53 mediates the transactivation of both cell cycle-regulating and pro-apoptotic clusters of target genes. However, it remains incompletely understood which signaling molecules dictate the choice between these two opposing p53-dependent cellular outcomes. Over recent years, numerous regulatory mechanisms impacting on the cellular outcome of p53 signaling have been described. However, no single dominant mechanism has thus far been identified to regulate the cellular choice between p53-driven apoptosis or senescence. The transcriptional regulator AATF has recently emerged as a novel factor impacting on the cellular outcome of the p53 response. Upon genotoxic stress, cytoplasmic pools of MRLC-bound AATF are phosphorylated through the p38MAPK/MK2 checkpoint kinase complex. This AATF phosphorylation results in the disruption of cytoplasmic MRLC3:AATF complexes followed by rapid nuclear localization of AATF. Once in the nucleus, AATF binds to the PUMA, BAX and BAK promoters to repress the DNA damage-induced expression of these pro-apoptotic p53 target genes. Depletion of AATF in tumor cells results in a dramatically enhanced response to DNA-damaging chemotherapeutics, both in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, focal copy number gains at the AATF locus in neuroblastoma correlate with adverse prognosis and reduced overall survival in this typically p53-proficient malignancy. These data identify the p38/MK2/AATF signaling pathway as a critical repressor of p53-driven apoptosis in tumor cells and implicate this signaling cascade as a novel target for chemotherapy-sensitizing therapeutic efforts.
Electromagnetic Characterization of Hemp Concrete in the 2.4 GHz WiFi Frequency Band (2018)

In this paper, we propose a microwave electromagnetic approach with a view to characterize the moisture in bio-sourced concretes. A rectangular waveguide cell is used for measuring the transmission and reflection of microwaves through hemp concrete samples and the inversion of a suitable electromagnetic propagation model is implemented to derive the dielectric permittivity of the samples from the measurements. Hemp concrete samples featuring relative humidities ranging from 50% to 98% are manufactured. Their dielectric spectrum is characterized over the 1.72-2.61 GHz frequency band currently used in wireless local area networks.
Statistical signal processing : detection, estimation, and time series analysis (1991)

1. Introduction. 2. Rudiments of Linear Algebra and Multivariate Normal Theory. 3. Sufficiency and MVUB Estimators. 4. Neyman-Pearson Detectors. 5. Bayes Detectors. 6. Maximum Likelihood Estimators. 7. Bayes Estimators. 8. Minimum Mean-Squared Error Estimators. 9. Least Squares. 10. Linear Prediction. 11. Modal Analysis.
On-line measurement of the alkali and particulate loading of the process stream of a fixed-bed gasifier: Research report. [Two-color laser transmissometer] (1986)

On-line analytical instrumentation developed at the US Department of Energy's Morgantown Energy Technology Center (DOE/METC) to monitor particle and alkali loading was successfully used on the process stream of a coal gasifier to measure contaminant levels before and after combustion of the coal gas in a turbine-simulator combustor at the General Electric Research Laboratories in Schenectady, New York. A two-color laser transmissometer was designed and built to simultaneously measure particle median size and number density in situ in a highly loaded gas process stream. Four of the instruments successfully monitored particle number density at different locations on the coal gasifier-combustor system. The particle loading measurements ranged from 150 ppM to greater than 1000 ppM. Temporal variations observed in the particle loading data correlated with physical events perturbing the gasifier system. A fiber-optic flame atomic emission spectrometer was designed and built to measure sodium and potassium concentrations in gas samples extracted from the process stream. Two of the instruments and an earlier system built at Ames Laboratory at Iowa State University successfully measured alkali levels before and after the combustor using an extractive probe. The alkali monitors found contaminant levels in the fuel gas lower than values determined from extractive filtermore » samples, the average value being 48 ppB total alkali. The ratio of sodium to potassium was constant across the combustor. 8 refs., 12 figs., 3 tabs.« less
A Case of Pancreatic Retention Cyst Mimicking a Cystic Mucinous Neoplasm (2013)

<strong>Context</strong> An increased number of pancreatic cysts are being diagnosed due to the increased use of cross-sectional imaging and new technologies. Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)-guided fine needle aspiration (FNA) cytology and molecular analysis of the cystic fluid have led to a better characterization the pancreatic cysts, but some diagnosis still remain an enigma until surgery. <strong>Case report</strong> We present the case of a 63-year-old female, with no history of pancreatitis, who came to our attention with a pancreatic cyst. An abdominal ultrasound was performed because of abdominal discomfort and a cyst of the pancreatic neck was detected. The patient underwent a CT that confirmed a 4 cm cyst, with thin wall. She underwent a first EUS that revealed a 4 cm cyst with thin septa and thin wall, not communicating with the pancreatic duct. The fluid aspirated under EUS guidance was clear, mildly viscous, and the CEA in the fluid was 1,200 ng/mL. Since the cyst had no clear signs of malignancy, the patient underwent a clinical and radiological follow up and the cyst was stable after one year. During the second year follow up the cyst was minimally increased. At EUS the wall and the septa were still thin, with no mural nodules. A small calcification was observed on the wall. The pancreatic duct run very close to the cyst, but a communication was not clearly visible and the duct was not dilated. An EUS-FNA was performed and the CEA level was 8,813 ng/mL. The viscosity of the fluid was low, but on the basis of the high level of the CEA a mucinous cystic neoplasm was suspected and the patient underwent a distal pancreatectomy. Surprisingly the final diagnosis was that of a pancreatic retention cyst (PRC). <strong>Conclusion</strong> PRCs typically present as a well-defined, round-shape cystic lesions. They can be associated to different pathologic conditions including pancreatic inflame­mation and neoplasms. Smooth dilation of upstream pancreatic duct with uncommon communication to the cyst may be helpful for the differentiation. Combination of multiple imaging modalities should contribute to improve the diagnosis, but not always. To our knowledge, there are no cases in literature of PRC with such an high level of CEA.
A Continuous Conical-Mill Operation for Dry Coating of Pharmaceutical Powders: The Role of Processing Time (2022)

Over the last decade, the conical mill has emerged as a potential piece of equipment to use for continuous dry coating pharmaceutical powders. In this work, silicon dioxide was used as a guest particle on two excipients, fast flow lactose (FFL) and grade PH200 microcrystalline cellulose (MCC), for dry coating by a conical mill with a modified screen that permitted batch and continuous mode operation. Samples were pre-processed in a V-blender. SEM images, particle size distribution, and EDS mapping were used to characterise the treated powders. Pre-processed samples showed some discrete coating of the host particle. After batch processing, the samples were covered with a complete coating. When processed at high impeller speed, coating of FFL was a mix of A200P and FFL fines generated by attrition. Continuous mode processed samples, which had a lower processing time, were coated discretely and showed a better coating than the pre-processed samples. Increasing guest/host mass ratio with FFL host particle had a positive impact on the quality of the coating. These results help to build the case that the processing time of the conical mill is a key parameter to the success of the conical mill as dry coating equipment in the pharmaceutical industry.
Surgery: The multicentre transcervical balloon tuboplasty study: conclusions and comparison to alternative technologies* (1993)

Transvaginal tubal catheterization procedures have been suggested as an alternative to microsurgery and in-vitro fertilization (IVF) in the treatment of women with proximal tubal occlusion. A transcervical balloon tuboplasty (TBT) catheter was specifically developed and tested in a prospective multicentre trial. A total of 151 women with confirmed bilateral or unilateral tubal occlusion were studied. The primary study population included 106 women who, after exclusion of patients for protocol violations, represented those females who were treated for complete tubal occlusion with TBT. TBT is an ambulatory, minimally invasive catheter procedure, performed under paracervical block or mild sedation, which utilizes a co-axial balloon catheter under fluoroscopic guidance. Re-canalization, pregnancy and reocclusion rates following the procedure were documented. A total of 28 patients demonstrating uni- or bilateral tubal patency after either hysterosalpingography and/or selective salpingography represented the control population. TBT established tubal patency of at least one Fallopian tube in 95/106 patients (90%) and in 167/205 obstructed oviducts (82%). Clinical pregnancies occurred in 37/106 females (35%), with a life table adjusted rate of 37%. Patients without distal disease had significantly higher pregnancy rates than those with bipolar tubal disease (49% versus 12%, life table adjusted rate; P = 0.0002) but pregnancy rates were independent of underlying aetiology for tubal disease. Pregnancy rates in control patients who did not reach TBT because of tubal patency after hysterosalpingography and/or selective salpingography were significantly lower than in those successful treated with TBT (P = 0.027), and occurred only for four cycles after hysterosalpingography and with approximately a 1 year delay after selective salpingography.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Growing the intense inhibitor class--Elvitegravir and Dolutegravir. (2012)

Four years have passed since the licensing of the first HIV integrase inhibitor, raltegravir, and the drug has proven to be both effective and well
Investigation of the thermophysical properties of the R744+R1234yf binary system. (2017)

In 2014, European F-gas directive plans the prohibition of fluorinated working fluids with GWP of 2500 or more from 2020. Consequently, new working fluids have to be considered in the future such as HydroFluoroOlefin, carbon dioxide or mixture of HFO with hydro-fluoro-carbon or CO2. The knowledge of the thermo-physical properties of working fluid is essential for the evaluation of performance of heat pumps, ORC and refrigeration. Herein, several “French” laboratories proposed to investigate the thermo-physical properties of the R744 + R1234yf binary system. In 2014, Juntarachat et al. measured and correlated vapour liquid equilibria including mixture critical point. New experimental determinations for density and viscosity using vibrating densitometer and capillary viscometer are presented. Also, enthalpies of mixing are determined using BT-215 Calvet calorimeters. In addition, molecular simulation based on empirical force have been realized. Several thermodynamic and transport properties have been obtained using Monte Carlo and Molecular Dynamics simulations. The PPR78 cubic equation of state and a multipolar version of SAFT-Mie are used to predict the new experimental data for thermodynamic properties. The model developed is used as an input to simulate the performance of new heat pump system. An experimental heat pump is used to evaluate the achievable energy efficiency with this mixture in real machines with one test molar composition of 5% R1234yf). The optimal pressure and COP will be compared to those obtained with pure CO2 in similar operating conditions.
Promotion of Intestinal Peristalsis by Bifidobacterium spp. Capable of Hydrolysing Sennosides in Mice (2012)

We demonstrated that intestinal peristalsis was promoted by rheinanthrone produced by hydrolysis of sennoside by strain LKM512 and LKM10070.
Effect of online education on use of molecular markers to guide treatment selection for advanced gastric or gastroesophageal (GE) cancer. (2012)

111 Background: Trastuzumab in combination with chemotherapy is recommended for advanced gastric cancer positive for human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) overexpression. Despite this recommendation, an informal pilot survey suggested that many oncologists do not include HER2 testing as part of routine practice to identify patients most likely to benefit from adding trastuzumab to chemotherapy. Methods: An interactive online educational activity was developed to provide expert guidance on HER2 testing and use of HER2-targeted agents in gastric or GE cancer. Pre- and post-education surveys were administered as part of the activity to measure changes in participant competence. In addition, 3 months after completing the educational activity, participants were sent another follow-up survey by email to assess changes in practice. Results: To date, pre-and post-education surveys have been obtained for 122 oncologists and 3-month follow-up surveys obtained from 14 oncologists. In the pre-education survey, only 46% said they were testing all of their patients with advanced gastric or GE cancer for HER2 overexpression. However, immediately after participating in the educational intervention, this proportion increased to 93%. Importantly, a follow-up survey indicated that HER2 testing of all patients with advanced gastric or GE cancer was now part of routine practice for 79% of those surveyed. A final analysis of pre- and post-education and 3-month follow-up surveys will be presented. Conclusions: Expert guidance on HER2 testing and use of HER2-targeted agents in gastric or GE cancer provided through an interactive online educational intervention substantially improved oncologist competence and practice patterns.
State of the art in selection of variables and functional forms in multivariable analysis—outstanding issues (2020)

Abstract Background How to select variables and identify functional forms for continuous variables is a key concern when creating a multivariable model. Ad hoc ‘traditional’ approaches to variable selection have been in use for at least 50 years. Similarly, methods for determining functional forms for continuous variables were first suggested many years ago. More recently, many alternative approaches to address these two challenges have been proposed, but knowledge of their properties and meaningful comparisons between them are scarce. To define a state of the art and to provide evidence-supported guidance to researchers who have only a basic level of statistical knowledge, many outstanding issues in multivariable modelling remain. Our main aims are to identify and illustrate such gaps in the literature and present them at a moderate technical level to the wide community of practitioners, researchers and students of statistics. Methods We briefly discuss general issues in building descriptive regression models, strategies for variable selection, different ways of choosing functional forms for continuous variables and methods for combining the selection of variables and functions. We discuss two examples, taken from the medical literature, to illustrate problems in the practice of modelling. Results Our overview revealed that there is not yet enough evidence on which to base recommendations for the selection of variables and functional forms in multivariable analysis. Such evidence may come from comparisons between alternative methods. In particular, we highlight seven important topics that require further investigation and make suggestions for the direction of further research. Conclusions Selection of variables and of functional forms are important topics in multivariable analysis. To define a state of the art and to provide evidence-supported guidance to researchers who have only a basic level of statistical knowledge, further comparative research is required.
Near speed-of-light on-chip electrical interconnect (2003)

The propagation limits of electrical signals for systems built with conventional silicon processing are explored. Data transmission near the speed of light with an all-electrical system can be achieved by taking advantage of the inductance-dominated high-frequency regime of on-chip interconnect. In a 0.18 /spl mu/m, 6-level Aluminum CMOS technology, an overall delay of 278 ps for a 20 mm long line corresponding to a propagation velocity of one half the speed of light in silicon dioxide has been demonstrated.
Blood Circulation and Tissue Biodistribution of Lipid−Quantum Dot (L-QD) Hybrid Vesicles Intravenously Administered in Mice (2009)

The present work describes the pharmacokinetics of recently developed liposome-quantum dot (L-QD) hybrid vesicles in nude mice following systemic administration. Hydrophobic QD were incorporated into different bilayer compositions, and the serum stability of such hybrid vesicles was evaluated using turbidity and carboxyfluorescein release measurements. L-QD hybrid blood profile and organ biodistribution were also determined by elemental (cadmium) analysis. Following intravenous administration, different tissue biodistribution profiles and tissue affinities were observed depending on the L-QD lipid bilayer characteristics. Immediate blood clearance was observed with cationic (DOTAP/DOPE/Chol) hybrid with rapid lung accumulation, while incorporation of PEG at the surface of zwitterionic vesicles dramatically prolonged their blood circulation half-life after systemic administration. Overall, the L-QD hybrid vesicle system is considered a viable platform that allows QD delivery to different tissues through facile modulation of the hybrid vesicle characteristics. In addition, L-QD offers many opportunities for the development of combinatory therapeutic and imaging (theranostic) modalities by incorporating both drug molecules and QD within the different compartments of a single vesicle.
Rapid Non-Destructive Prediction of Water Activity in Dry-Cured Meat (2018)

Water activity (aw) describes the amount of free water available in a matrix for growth of microbiological pathogens and spoilage flora. It is used to predict the safety of food products, and has particular importance for dry-cured meat manufacturers. Results from tests on dry-cured pork (n = 83) demonstrate a high degree of correlation (R2 = 0.909) with current industry standard equipment. System accuracy at the 95% confidence interval (0.0125) is comparable with existing equipment available to industry. However, the added advantage of the microwave sensor to enable rapid and non-destructive measurement means that it could be used for day-to-day monitoring and optimization of products within the dry-cured meat value chain. This would reduce per-product operating costs and waste, in addition to facilitating recipe development (e.g., reduced salt).
Massive MIMO Channel Estimation with Low-Resolution Spatial Sigma-Delta ADCs (2020)

We consider channel estimation for an uplink massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) system where the base station (BS) uses an array with low-resolution (1-2 bit) analog-to-digital converters and a spatial Sigma-Delta ($ΣΔ$) architecture to shape the quantization noise away from users in some angular sector. We develop a linear minimum mean squared error (LMMSE) channel estimator based on the Bussgang decomposition that reformulates the nonlinear quantizer model using an equivalent linear model plus quantization noise. We also analyze the uplink achievable rate with maximal ratio combining (MRC), zero-forcing (ZF), and LMMSE receivers and provide a lower bound for the achievable rate with the MRC receiver. Numerical results show superior channel estimation and sum spectral efficiency performance using the $ΣΔ$ architecture compared to conventional 1- or 2-bit quantized massive MIMO systems.