gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Detection for Rail Surface Defects via Partitioned Edge Feature (2021)

Visual inspection techniques for rail surface defects have become prevalent approaches to obtain information on rail surface damage. However, uneven illumination leads to illegibility of local information, and the change of the wheel-rail area results in the changeful background of the rail surface, both of which pose challenges to the visual inspection. This paper proposes a novel algorithm that detects rail surface defects via partitioned edge features (PEF). PEF eliminates the effect of uneven illumination by effectively extracting edge features and building homogeneous background on the rail surface. In the process of edge feature extraction, the thresholding based on adaptive partition of rail surface (APRS) plays an indispensable role. In APRS, the rail surface is adaptively partitioned into three types of regions according to the wheel-rail contact degree. After that, the dynamic threshold is set adaptively for each region type on the basis of the prior information of defect proportion. Subsequently, based on neighborhood information and fuzzy decision, the spatial information of adjacent pixels and the direction information of fracture edges are utilized to realize the effective recovery of incomplete defect contours. In addition, defect contours are precisely filled via a flexible combination of morphological hole filling operation and defect region extraction based on improved background difference. The accuracy of this PEF algorithm was confirmed by experiments and comparisons with related algorithms. The experiment results show that PEF detects defects with 92.03% recall and 88.49% precision, which achieves higher accuracy than the established detection algorithms for rail surface defects.
Smart antenna system using five-port reflectometer (2006)

The difficult design of variable phase shifters for smart antenna applications makes digital beamforming systems an interesting way for future communication systems that aim to provide better network performance. Five-port reflectometers use a third redundant mixer to decrease the system dependency from the phase and amplitude unbalance of local oscillators. We introduce a digital beamforming system for reception array using the five-port technique which performs a direct conversion of RF signals. The system performance is tested by measuring its bit error rate for different number of antenna array elements.
pH-Wert und mikrobielle Infektionen (2019)

Ein durchgängig saurer pH-Wert im Stratum corneum ist ein wesentlicher Bestandteil des Schutzsystems der Haut, der eine feindliche Umgebung für die Besiedelung durch pathogene Mikroorganismen schafft. Doch diese Barriere kann bei gesunder und umso mehr bei geschädigter Haut durchbrochen werden. Mykosen, Windel-/Inkontinenz-assoziierte Dermatitis und Wundheilung sind Beispiele für Situationen, in denen durch veränderte Haut- oder Umgebungsbedingungen eine mikrobielle Infektion begünstigt wird. Pilze verfügen über ein komplexes System, mit dem sie den pH-Wert ihrer Umgebung erfassen, um durch entsprechende Stoffwechselreaktionen ihre Adhäsion, Vermehrung und Invasion zu gewährleisten, indem mikrobielle Metaboliten den pH-Wert der Haut weiter erhöhen, bis schließlich eine klinisch manifeste Infektion (Mykose) vorliegt. Menschen mit Diabetes, bei denen der pH-Wert der Haut in intertriginösen Bereichen erhöht ist, sind besonders anfällig für Candidosen. Bei Windeldermatitis und Inkontinenz-assoziierter Dermatitis ist die Ursache für den erhöhten pH-Wert der Haut und die Schädigung der Hautbarrierefunktion der Kontakt mit Urin und Fäzes, ob unter Okklusion oder nicht, und durch Wirts- und mikrobielle Enzyme und Metaboliten wird dieser Zustand aufrechterhalten. Das führt zur Dezimierung der schützenden residenten Mikroflora und ihrer Überwucherung durch Pilze, meist &lt;i&gt;Candida albicans&lt;/i&gt;. Die Hautpflege mit leicht sauren Produkten kann helfen, diese Form von Dermatitis zu verhindern und zu behandeln. Der Prozess der Wundheilung ist eine komplexe Abfolge biologischer Ereignisse, die mit dem pH-Wert der Umgebung korrelieren, welcher die verschiedenen Phasen der Wundheilung beeinflusst. Der pH-Wert ist für die adäquate Aktivität von Immunzellen und wichtigen Enzymen ebenso bestimmend wie für die Biofilmbildung. Wenn der Heilungsprozess gestört wird, können Wunden chronisch werden und sind dann durch einen neutralen bis leicht alkalischen pH-Wert gekennzeichnet. Vor diesem Hintergrund könnten die Überwachung des pH-Wertes und die Herstellung eines sauren Milieus als Wundbehandlungsmaßnahme sinnvoll sein.
Azabenzanthrenes (1951)

This chapter contains sections titled: Monoazabenzanthrenes Diazabenzanthrenes
Memory in paediatric temporal lobe epilepsy: Effects of lesion type and side (2011)

This study investigated the role of underlying pathology on memory function of children with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). Memory was assessed in 44 children with TLE resulting from hippocampal sclerosis (HS) or dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumours (DNT), and 22 control children. Delayed story and paired associate recall performance was significantly more impaired in children with HS compared to those with DNT, irrespective of the affected side. Semantic memory was impaired in both HS groups, and also in the left DNT group. These results suggest a role for type, and to a lesser extent, side of pathology in the memory profile of children with TLE.
The synthesis and non-linear optical properties of (N-alkylpyrrol-2-yl)squaraine derivatives. Part 1 (1997)

The synthesis of a soluble poly(pyrrolylsquaraine) was achieved by N-alkylation of the pyrrole nucleus with 1-bromooctadecane and subsequent condensation with squaric acid. Bis(1-octadecylpyrrol-2-yl)- squaraine was also produced and found to exist in a variety of inseparable isomeric forms. When deposited as Langmuir–Blodgett monolayers on hydrophilic substrates, these dyes exhibit second harmonic generation (SHG) with deff = 0.5 ± 0.1 pm V-1 for both. For comparison, bis(3,5-dimethyl-1-octadecylpyrrol-2-yl)squaraine was synthesised and revealed a higher SHG activity of deff = 1.8 ± 0.2 pm V-1. Poly(1-octadecylpyrrolylsquaraine) is the first alternating donor–acceptor polymer to give SHG.
Correction to Redox Characterization of the FeS Protein MitoNEET and Impact of Thiazolidinedione Drug Binding (2010)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVAddition/CorrectionORIGINAL ARTICLEThis notice is a correctionCorrection to Redox Characterization of the FeS Protein MitoNEET and Impact of Thiazolidinedione Drug BindingDaniel W. Bak, John A. Zuris, Mark L. Paddock, Patricia A. Jennings, and Sean J. Elliott*Cite this: Biochemistry 2010, 49, 26, 5620Publication Date (Web):June 3, 2010Publication History Received25 May 2010Published online3 June 2010Published inissue 6 July 2010https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/bi100830zhttps://doi.org/10.1021/bi100830zcorrectionACS PublicationsCopyright © 2010 American Chemical Society. This publication is available under these Terms of Use. Request reuse permissions This publication is free to access through this site. Learn MoreArticle Views464Altmetric-Citations1LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail PDF (559 KB) Get e-AlertscloseSUBJECTS:Cluster chemistry,Redox reactions Get e-Alerts
Conus consors Snail Venom Proteomics Proposes Functions, Pathways, and Novel Families Involved in Its Venomic System (2012)

For some decades, cone snail venoms have been providing peptides, generally termed conopeptides, that exhibit a large diversity of pharmacological properties. However, little attention has been devoted to the high molecular mass (HMM) proteins in venoms of mollusks. In order to shed more light on cone snail venom HMM components, the proteins of dissected and injected venom of a fish-hunting cone snail, Conus consors, were extensively assessed. HMM venom proteins were separated by two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and analyzed by mass spectrometry (MS). The MS data were interpreted using UniProt database, EST libraries from C. consors venom duct and salivary gland, and their genomic information. Numerous protein families were discovered in the lumen of the venom duct and assigned a biological function, thus pointing to their potential role in venom production and maturation. Interestingly, the study also revealed original proteins defining new families of unknown function. Only two groups of HMM proteins passing the venom selection process, echotoxins and hyaluronidases, were clearly present in the injected venom. They are suggested to contribute to the envenomation process. This newly devised integrated HMM proteomic analysis is a big step toward identification of the protein arsenal used in a cone snail venom apparatus for venom production, maturation, and function.
Chemical Modification of the Eremomycin Antibiotic Formation of a Cyclic Covalent Dimer. (2001)

Recently considerable efforts have been devoted to the chemical modification and total synthesis1~4) of the representatives of the vancomycin group of antibiotics5) with a glycopeptide structure^and possessing antibacterial activity. This is clearly because that for the treatment of the continually threatening multi and methycillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)infections, emerged in the past few decades, the only presently known effective medicines7'8) are the antibiotics vancomycin and/or
Performance of a Novel Optical Compensation Film Based on Negative Birefringence of Discotic Compound for Wide-Viewing-Angle Twisted-Nematic Liquid-Crystal Displays (1997)

The performance of a novel optical compensation film utilizing a negatively birefringent discotic compound was optimized by both simulation and experiment to achieve wide-viewing-angle characteristics of twisted-nematic liquid-crystal displays (TN-LCDs). It was shown that the film remarkably enlarges the viewing angle of TN-LCDs when the discotic compound layer has hybrid molecular orientation which is a similar structure to that of on-state liquid crystals of TN-LCDs.
Creatine supplementation does not improve physical performance in a 150 m race. (1997)

Creatine supplementation has been shown by several authors to improve physical performance in very high intensity, intermittent, exercises. The effect on performance, as well as in plasma creatine and lactate concentrations has been studied in a group of twelve sprinters of national class when running a distance of 150 m on two occasions, before and after creatine (or placebo) supplementation for the previous three days. The most important differences in the biochemical parameters analyzed have been in plasma creatinine concentration, which increased substantially both before and after the race in the group that had received a daily supplement of 25 grams of creatine monohydrate for the previous three days. Creatine supplementation, therefore, did not improve physical performance, in the conditions, when running a 150 m distance.
CT Imaging Techniques for Describing Motions of the Cervicothoracic Junction and Cervical Spine During Flexion, Extension, and Cervical Traction (2005)

The CTJ, as a transition region between the cervical and thoracic spines, has unique kinematic characteristics. This application of kinematic CT methods is useful for quantifying unreported normative ranges of motion for the CTJ, difficult by other conventional radiologic means.
Dual Effects of miR156-Targeted SPL Genes and CYP78A5/KLUH on Plastochron Length and Organ Size in Arabidopsis thaliana (2008)

Leaves of flowering plants are produced from the shoot apical meristem at regular intervals, with the time that elapses between the formation of two successive leaf primordia defining the plastochron. We have identified two genetic axes affecting plastochron length in Arabidopsis thaliana. One involves microRNA156 (miR156), which targets a series of SQUAMOSA PROMOTER BINDING PROTEIN-LIKE (SPL) genes. In situ hybridization studies and misexpression experiments demonstrate that miR156 is a quantitative, rather than spatial, modulator of SPL expression in leaf primordia and that SPL activity nonautonomously inhibits initiation of new leaves at the shoot apical meristem. The second axis is exemplified by a redundantly acting pair of cytochrome P450 genes, CYP78A5/KLUH and CYP78A7, which are likely orthologs of PLASTOCHRON1 of rice (Oryza sativa). Inactivation of CYP78A5, which is expressed at the periphery of the shoot apical meristem, accelerates the leaf initiation rate, whereas cyp78a5 cyp78a7 double mutants often die as embryos with supernumerary cotyledon primordia. The effects of both miR156-targeted SPL genes and CYP78A5 on organ size are correlated with changes in plastochron length, suggesting a potential compensatory mechanism that links the rate at which leaves are produced to final leaf size.
Mimicking a turbulent signal:  Sequential multiaffine processes (1998)

An efficient method for the construction of a multiaffine process, with prescribed scaling exponents, is presented. At variance with the previous proposals, this method is sequential and therefore it is the natural candidate in numerical computations involving synthetic turbulence. The application to the realization of a realistic turbulentlike signal is discussed in detail. The method represents a first step towards the realization of a realistic spatiotemporal turbulent field.
Resolution of neutralDL-amino-acids via their (–)-menthyl ester derivatives (1965)

B. Halpern and J. W. Westley, Chem. Commun. (London), 1965, 421 DOI: 10.1039/C19650000421
Cytotoxic T lymphocytes kill multiple targets simultaneously via spatiotemporal uncoupling of lytic and stimulatory synapses (2006)

A longstanding paradox in the activation of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) arises from the observation that CTL recognize and rapidly destroy target cells with exquisite sensitivity despite the fact that cytokine production requires sustained signaling at the immunological synapse. Here we solve this paradox by showing that CTL establish sustained synapses with targets offering strong antigenic stimuli and that these synapses persist after target cell death. Simultaneously, CTL polarize lytic granules toward different cells without discrimination regarding antigenic potential. Our results show that spatiotemporal uncoupling of immunological synapse and lytic granule secretion allows multiple killing and sustained signaling by individual CTL. This unique mechanism of responding to multiple contacts provides remarkable efficiency to CTL function.
Enhanced Peptide Detection Toward Single-Neuron Proteomics by Reversed-Phase Fractionation Capillary Electrophoresis Mass Spectrometry (2017)

The ability to detect peptides and proteins in single cells is vital for understanding cell heterogeneity in the nervous system. Capillary electrophoresis (CE) nanoelectrospray ionization (nanoESI) provides high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) with trace-level sensitivity, but compressed separation during CE challenges protein identification by tandem HRMS with limited MS/MS duty cycle. Here, we supplemented ultrasensitive CE-nanoESI-HRMS with reversed-phase (RP) fractionation to enhance identifications from protein digest amounts that approximate to a few mammalian neurons. An ~1 to 20 μg neuronal protein digest was fractionated on a RP column (ZipTip), and 1 ng to 500 pg of peptides were analyzed by a custom-built CE-HRMS system. Compared with the control (no fractionation), RP fractionation improved CE separation (theoretical plates ~274,000 versus 412,000 maximum, resp.), which enhanced detection sensitivity (2.5-fold higher signal-to-noise ratio), minimized co-isolation spectral interferences during MS/MS, and increased the temporal rate of peptide identification by up to ~57%. From 1 ng of protein digest (<5 neurons), CE with RP fractionation identified 737 protein groups (1,753 peptides), or ~480 protein groups (~1,650 peptides) on average per analysis. The approach was scalable to 500 pg of protein digest (~a single neuron), identifying 225 protein groups (623 peptides) in technical triplicates, or 141 protein groups on average per analysis. Among identified proteins, 101 proteins were products of genes that are known to be transcriptionally active in single neurons during early development of the brain, including those involved in synaptic transmission and plasticity and cytoskeletal organization. Graphical abstract ᅟ.
[Injury rupture of flexors of the index finger complicating subcutaneous dislocations of the semilunar bone]. (1987)

A case is reported here of an unusual case of rupture of the flexor tendons of the index finger in the carpal tunnel complicating a subcutaneous displacement of a lunate bone. This was combined with a carpal tunnel syndrome with hypoaesthesia. The treatment, taking account of the age of the patient and the relative tolerance to the dislocation, consisted of a simple resection of the lunate to free the medial nerve together with a partial graft of the flexor digitorum profundus.
Streaming of Complex 3D Scenes for Remote Walkthroughs (2001)

We describe a new 3D scene streaming approach for remote walkthroughs. In a remote walkthrough, a user on a client machine interactively navigates through a scene that resides on a remote server. Our approach allows a user to walk through a remote 3D scene, without ever having to download the entire scene from the server. Our algorithm achieves this by selectively transmitting only small parts of the scene and lower quality representations of objects, based on the user's viewing parameters and the available connection bandwidth. An online optimization algorithm selects which object representations to send, based on the integral of a benefit measure along the predicted path of movement. The rendering quality at the client depends on the available bandwidth, but practical navigation of the scene is possible even when bandwidth is low.
Modeling Resistance Instabilities of Set and Reset States in Phase Change Memory With Ge-Rich GeSbTe (2014)

To satisfy the growing market demand for embedded nonvolatile memory, alternative solutions to Flash technology are currently under investigation. Among these, phase change memory (PCM) is attracting strong interest due to the low cost of integration with the CMOS front-end and good scalability. Embedded PCM, however, must feature high reliability during both packaging and functional stages. This paper studies reliability of PCM based on Ge-rich GeSbTe, providing evidence for resistance drift and decay in both the reset and set states. Set-state instability is attributed to grain-boundary relaxation and grain growth. A unified model is presented, capable of predicting the reliability of set/reset states at elevated temperature.
Comparison of the cobas Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Test with the Hybrid Capture 2 and Linear Array HPV DNA Tests (2011)

The cobas human papillomavirus (HPV) test (cobas) was recently approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and identifies HPV16 and HPV18 separately as well as detecting a pool of 11 HR-HPV genotypes (HPV31, -33, -35, -39, -45, -51, -52, -56, -58, -59, -68) and also HPV66. We compared cobas, Linear Array (LA), and Hybrid Capture 2 (HC2) assays for detection of carcinogenic HPV DNA, and cobas and LA for detection of HPV16 and HPV18 DNA, among the first 1,852 women enrolled in the HPV Persistence and Progression Cohort (PaP Cohort) study. Specimens were tested by all 3 assays 1 year after an HC2-positive result. In 1,824 specimens with cobas results, cobas had an 85.9% agreement with HC2 and 91.0% agreement with LA for carcinogenic HPV detection. When results between cobas and HC2 disagreed, cobas tended to call more women HPV positive (P < 0.01). Categorizing cobas and LA results hierarchically according to cancer risk (HPV16, HPV18, other carcinogenic HPV genotypes, or carcinogen negative), there was a 90% agreement for all categories of HPV (n = 1,824). We found good agreement between the two U.S. FDA-approved HPV tests, with discrepancies between the two assays due to specific characteristics of the individual assays. Additional studies are needed to compare HC2 and cobas for detecting and predicting CIN3 to understand the clinical implications of the discrepant test results between the two tests.
A family of hexanuclear Mn(III) single-molecule magnets (2014)

AbstractIn an attempt to employ salicylic acid (HOsalH), 2,6-dihydroxy benzoic acid {(HO)2PhCO2H}, and naphthalene-1,8-dicarboxylic acid {1,8-naph(CO2H)2} in Mn(III) salicylaldoximate chemistry as a means to alter the structural identity of the hexanucluear clusters usually obtained from this reaction system, we have isolated a family of hexanuclear Mn(III) complexes based on salicyladloxime (saoH2) and 2-hydroxy-1-naphthaldehyde oxime (naphthsaoH2). Five hexanuclear clusters, [Mn6O2(sao)6(HOsal)2(EtOH)4]·EtOH (1·EtOH), [Mn6O2(sao)6{1,8-naph(CO2Me)(CO2)}2(MeOH)6]·3MeOH (2·3MeOH), [Mn6O2(naphthsao)6{1,8-naph(CO2Et)(CO2)}2(EtOH)6] (3·2MeOH), [Mn6O2(naphthsao)6(MeCO2)2(EtOH)4]·2H2O (4·2H2O), and [Mn6O2(naphthsao)6{(HO)2PhCO2}2(EtOH)4]·4EtOH (5·4EtOH), have been synthesized and characterized by single-crystal X-ray crystallography. The magnetic properties of 3, 4, and 5 are discussed.Keywords: Crystal structuresMagnetic propertiesMn(III) complexesOximato complexesSingle-molecule magnets AcknowledgementsThis research has been co-financed by the European Union (European Social Fund – ESF) and Greek national funds through the Operational Program “Education and Lifelong Learning” of the National Strategic Reference Framework (NSRF) – Research Funding Program: THALES. Investing in knowledge society through the European Social Fund.The Special Account for Research Grants (SARG) of the National and Kapodistrian University of Athens and the Bodossaki Foundation are gratefully acknowledge for partial support of this work. EKB and RI thank the EPSRC and Royal Society of Edinburgh for funding.NotesDedicated to Professor Juan Costamagna on the occasion of his retirement.