gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Microwave‐assisted TFA cleavage of peptides from Merrifield resin (2009)

Microwave-assisted (MW) reactions are of special interest to the chemical community due to faster reaction times, cleaner reactions and higher product yields. The adaptation of MW to solid phase peptide synthesis resulted in spectacular syntheses of difficult peptides. In the case of Merrifield support, used frequently in synthesis of special peptides, the conditions used in product cleavage are not compatible with off-resin monitoring of the reaction progress. The application of MW irradiation in product removal from Merrifield resin using trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) was investigated using model tetrapeptides and the effects were compared with standard trifluoromethanesulphonic acid (TFMSA) cleavage using elemental analysis as well as chromatographic (HPLC) and spectroscopic (IR) methods. The deprotection of benzyloxycarbonyl and benzyl groups in synthetic bioactive peptides was analyzed using LC-MS and MS/MS experiments. In a 5 min microwave-assisted TFA reaction at low temperature, the majority of product is released from the resin, making the analytical scale MW-assisted procedure a method of choice in monitoring the reactions carried out on Merrifield resin due to the short reaction time and compatibility with HPLC and ESI-MS conditions.
Stable adaptive teleoperation (1991)

A study is made of how the existence of transmission time delays affects the application of advanced robot control schemes to effective force-reflecting telerobotic systems. This application best exploits the presence of the human operator while making full use of available robot control technology and computing power. A physically motivated, passivity-based formalism is used to provide energy conservation and stability guarantees in the presence of transmission delays. The notion of wave variable is utilized to characterize time-delay systems and leads to a configuration for force-reflecting teleoperation. The effectiveness of the approach is demonstrated experimentally. Within the same framework, an adaptive tracking controller is incorporated for the control of the remote robotic system and can be used to simplify, transform, or enhance the remote dynamics perceived by the operator.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
PhoP~P and RNA polymerase σA holoenzyme are sufficient for transcription of Pho regulon promoters in Bacillus subtilis: PhoP~P activator sites within the coding region stimulate transcription in vitro (1998)

The Bacillus subtilis pstS operon and phoA gene are members of the Pho regulon that is controlled by PhoR, a histidine kinase, and PhoP, a response regulator. Footprinting analysis showed that phosphorylated PhoP extended the PhoP protected region in pstS and phoA promoters, and also bound to a separate site within the coding region of each gene. Our previous in vivo studies have shown that, in contrast to other Pho regulon promoters that are not expressed in either phoP or phoR mutants, a low-level induction from the pstS promoter (25% of parent strain) can be detected in a phoR mutant. In this study, by using an in vitro transcription system, we demonstrate that (i) only phosphorylated PhoP is a transcriptional activator of the pstS operon and of the phoA gene; (ii) phosphorylated PhoP and RNA polymerase sigmaA holoenzyme are sufficient for in vitro transcription of the pstS promoter and the phoA promoter; (iii) the activation of the pstS promoter requires lower concentrations of phosphorylated PhoP than does the phoA promoter for transcription; and (iv) PhoP binding sites in both the pstS promoter core binding region and in the 5' coding region of the gene, which have been identified by footprinting analysis, are important for the transcription of the pstS promoter in vitro.
Further insight into the bovine serum albumin assay (the in vitro anti-inflammatory assay). (2009)

The present article reports on the comparative cost of using the Bovine Serum Albumin as an assay for detecting natural products with anti-inflammatory activities relative to the use of animals. This is an addendum to the West Indian Medical Journal article; 2008; 57(4); 327-31.
Identification of acquired Notch3 dependency in metastatic Head and Neck Cancer (2023)

During cancer development, tumor cells acquire changes that enable them to invade surrounding tissues and seed metastasis at distant sites. These changes contribute to the aggressiveness of metastatic cancer and interfere with success of therapy. Our comprehensive analysis of "matched" pairs of HNSCC lines derived from primary tumors and corresponding metastatic sites identified several components of Notch3 signaling that are differentially expressed and/or altered in metastatic lines and confer a dependency on this pathway. These components were also shown to be differentially expressed between early and late stages of tumors in a TMA constructed from over 200 HNSCC patients. Finally, we show that suppression of Notch3 improves survival in mice in both subcutaneous and orthotopic models of metastatic HNSCC. Novel treatments targeting components of this pathway may prove effective in targeting metastatic HNSCC cells alone or in combination with conventional therapies.
DNS Server Privacy Statement and Filtering Policy with Assertion Token (2020)

Users may want to control how their DNS queries are handled by DNS
servers so they can configure their system to use DNS servers that
comply with their privacy and DNS filtering expectations. This
document defines a mechanism for a DNS server to communicate its
privacy statement URL and filtering policy to a DNS client. This
communication is cryptographically signed to attest its authenticity.
By evaluating the DNS privacy statement, filtering policy and the
signatory, the user can choose a DNS server that best supports his/
her desired privacy and filtering policy. This token is particularly
useful for DNS-over-TLS and DNS-over-HTTPS servers that are either
public resolvers or are discovered on a local network.
Small Angle Neutron Scattering and Gel Filtration Analyses of Neutrophil NADPH Oxidase Cytosolic Factors Highlight the Role of the C-Terminal End of p47phox in the Association with p40phox (2001)

The NADPH oxidase of phagocytic cells is regulated by the cytosolic factors p47(phox), p67(phox), and p40(phox) as well as by the Rac1-Rho-GDI heterodimer. The regulation is a consequence of protein-protein interactions involving a variety of protein domains that are well characterized in signal transduction. We have studied the behavior of the NADPH oxidase cytosolic factors in solution using small angle neutron scattering and gel filtration. p47(phox), two truncated forms of p47(phox), namely, p47(phox) without its C-terminal end (residues 1-358) and p47(phox) without its N-terminal end (residues 147-390), and p40(phox) were found to be monomeric in solution. The dimeric form of p67(phox) previously observed by gel filtration experiments was confirmed. Our small angle neutron scattering experiments show that p40(phox) binds to the full-length p47(phox) in solution in the absence of phosphorylation. We demonstrated that the C-terminal end of p47(phox) is essential in this interaction. From the comparison of the presence or absence of interaction with various truncated forms of the proteins, we confirmed that the SH3 domain of p40(phox) interacts with the C-terminal proline rich region of p47(phox). The radii of gyration observed for p47(phox) and the truncated forms of p47(phox) (without the C-terminal end or without the N-terminal end) show that all these molecules are elongated and that the N-terminal end of p47(phox) is globular. These results suggest that the role of amphiphiles such as SDS or arachidonic acid or of p47(phox) phosphorylation in the elicitation of NADPH oxidase activation could be to disrupt the p40(phox)-p47(phox) complex rather than to break an intramolecular interaction in p47(phox).
Effectiveness of the Association of 2 Probiotic Strains Formulated in a Slow Release Vaginal Product, in Women Affected by Vulvovaginal Candidiasis (2012)

VVC has a very high incidence as 70% to 75% of women report at least 1 episode during the life. Many treatments are currently available but, despite a relatively high effectiveness in the relief of symptoms typically associated with acute infections, they are generally unable to offer a long-term protective barrier against possible recurrences. This study demonstrated the ability of ActiCand 30 to not only solve Candida infections in a very high percentage of women, but also to exert a long-term physiological defense due to the colonization of vaginal microbiota and adhesion of the mucosa to the epithelial cells. The special formulation of ActiCand 30, consisting of slow release effervescent vaginal tablets, is able to mediate 2 types of barrier effects, the first represented by the formation of an anaerobic environment due to the release of CO₂ and the second guaranteed by the colonization and adhesion to the vaginal epithelium of the 2 probiotics L. fermentum LF10 and L. acidophilus LA02.
Lempel‐Ziv compression of highly structured documents (2007)

Abstract The authors describe Lempel‐Ziv to Compress Structure (LZCS), a novel Lempel–Ziv approach suitable for compressing structured documents. LZCS takes advantage of repeated substructures that may appear in the documents, by replacing them with a backward reference to their previous occurrence. The result of the LZCS transformation is still a valid structured document, which is human‐readable and can be transmitted by ASCII channels. Moreover, LZCS transformed documents are easy to search, display, access at random, and navigate. In a second stage, the transformed documents can be further compressed using any semistatic technique, so that it is still possible to do all those operations efficiently; or with any adaptive technique to boost compression. LZCS is especially efficient in the compression of collections of highly structured data, such as extensible markup language (XML) forms, invoices, e‐commerce, and Web‐service exchange documents. The comparison with other structure‐aware and standard compressors shows that LZCS is a competitive choice for these type of documents, whereas the others are not well‐suited to support navigation or random access. When joined to an adaptive compressor, LZCS obtains by far the best compression ratios.
Introducing a new 7-ring fused diindenone-dithieno[3,2-b:2',3'-d]thiophene unit as a promising component for organic semiconductor materials (2022)

A novel π-conjugated molecule, <b>EtH-T-DI-DTT</b> is reported, which is fused, rigid, and planar, featuring the electron-rich dithieno[3,2-<i>b</i>:2',3'-<i>d</i>]thiophene (DTT) unit in the core of the structure. Adjacent to the electron-donating DTT core, there are indenone units with electron-withdrawing keto groups. To enable solubility in common organic solvents, the fused system is flanked by ethylhexylthiophene groups. The material is a dark, amorphous solid with an onset of absorption at 638 nm in CH<sub>2</sub>Cl<sub>2</sub> solution, which corresponds to an optical gap of 1.94 eV. In films, the absorption onset wavelength is at 701 nm, which corresponds to 1.77 eV. An ionisation energy of 5.5 eV and an electron affinity of 3.3 eV were estimated by cyclic voltammetry measurements. We have applied this new molecule in organic field effect transistors. The material exhibited a p-type mobility up to 1.33 × 10<sup>-4</sup> cm<sup>2</sup> V<sup>-1</sup> s<sup>-1</sup>.
Antimicrobial susceptibility assays in paper-based portable culture devices (2013)

To detect antibiotic-resistant bacteria in areas remote from microbiology laboratories, we designed portable culture devices performing an analogue of the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion test inside patterned papers embedded in tape. We quantified the antibiotic susceptibility of several strains of Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium by measuring blue-colored zones of inhibited growth.
The Phosphorylation State of Translation Initiation Factors Is Regulated Developmentally and following Heat Shock in Wheat (1997)

Several translation initiation factors in mammals and yeast are regulated by phosphorylation. The phosphorylation state of these factors is subject to alteration during development, environmental stress (heat shock, starvation, or heme deprivation), or viral infection. The phosphorylation state and the effect of changes in phosphorylation of the translation initiation factors of higher plants have not been previously investigated. We have determined the isoelectric states for the wheat translation initiation factors eIF-4A, eIF-4B, eIF-4F, eIF-iso4F, and eIF-2 and the poly(A)-binding protein in the seed, during germination, and following heat shock of wheat seedlings using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and Western analysis. We found that the developmentally induced changes in isoelectric state observed during germination or the stress-induced changes were consistent with changes in phosphorylation. Treatment of the phosphorylated forms of the factors with phosphatases confirmed that the nature of the modification was due to phosphorylation. The isoelectric states of eIF-4B, eIF-4F (eIF-4E, p26), eIF-iso4F (eIF-iso4E, p28), and eIF-2alpha (p42) were altered during germination, suggesting that phosphorylation of these factors is developmentally regulated and correlates with the resumption of protein synthesis that occurs during germination. The phosphorylation of eIF-2beta (p38) or poly(A)-binding protein did not change either during germination or following a thermal stress. Only the phosphorylation state of two factors, eIF-4A and eIF-4B, changed following a heat shock, suggesting that plants may differ significantly from animals in the way in which their translational machinery is modified in response to a thermal stress.
Dependence of the colored frequency noise in spin torque oscillators on current and magnetic field (2014)

The nano-scale spin torque oscillator (STO) is a compelling device for on-chip, highly tunable microwave frequency signal generation. Currently, one of the most important challenges for the STO is to increase its longer-time frequency stability by decreasing the 1/f frequency noise, but its high level makes even its measurement impossible using the phase noise mode of spectrum analyzers. Here, we present a custom made time-domain measurement system with 150 MHz measurement bandwidth making possible the investigation of the variation of the 1/f as well as the white frequency noise in a STO over a large set of operating points covering 18–25 GHz. The 1/f level is found to be highly dependent on the oscillation amplitude-frequency non-linearity and the vicinity of unexcited oscillation modes. These findings elucidate the need for a quantitative theoretical treatment of the low-frequency, colored frequency noise in STOs. Based on the results, we suggest that the 1/f frequency noise possibly can be decreased by improving the microstructural quality of the metallic thin films.
Studies on the virus of Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis. I. Modification by cortisone of the response of the central nervous system of Macaca mulatta. (1961)

Summary In Macaca mulatta , infection with the Trinidad strain of VEE virus produced a benign, febrile illness with no clinical evidence of CNS involvement. Histologic alterations in the brains of these animals were limited to lymphocytic perivascular cuffing and to focal infiltration with glial cells. Morphologic evidence of neuronal injury was rare and, when seen, was limited to cells within the glial nodules. Both of these inflammatory responses were markedly suppressed by the administration of cortisone acctate, but only when the drug was given for the first time during the period of secondary fever. When cortisone was begun prior to inoculation and continued during the febrile period suppression of the inflammatory responses did not occur. In neither instance was drug administration found to modify the clinical disease nor to modify materially the eventual antibody response.
<title>Composite-embedded highly birefringent optical fiber strain gauge with zero thermal-apparent strain</title> (1996)

We demonstrate temperature-insensitive strain measurement in a carbon fiber composite panel using a sensor based on broad-band interferometry in highly-birefringent optical fiber. The sensing element forms an unbalanced Fabry-Perot cavity in the measurement arm of a tandem interferometer. This is interrogated using an LED source and a scanning Michelson interferometer, producing three distinct interferograms, two of which relate to the group delay (GD) of the eigenmodes of the sensing element, the other providing a zero-OPD reference in the scanning interferometer. We measure the GD of each interferogram by dispersive Fourier-transform spectroscopy. Changes in strain and temperature in the measurement fiber affect the group delays of the sensing interferograms, but do not affect the zero-OPD interferograms, which is therefore used as the origin for group delay measurements. We determine a linear transformation relating the measured group delays to strain and temperature. Inverting this transformation then provides a means of recovering strain and temperature from measurements of group delay. We apply this technique to the simultaneous measurement of strain and temperature in the composite panel. Typical measurement errors are 7 microsecond(s) train and 0.7 K. The measured values are independent, and the strain values show no evidence of thermal-apparent strain.
Selective Synthesis of Bis-Heterocycles via Mono- and Di-Selenylation of Pyrazoles and Other Heteroarenes (2022)

The insertion of selenium was achieved in the form of mono-selenides and di-selenides for the preparation of novel bis-heterocyclic compounds. This method is more general and provides scaffold diversity with high yields of products. The concentration-dependent mono- and di-selenylation reaction selectivity was achieved using SeO<sub>2</sub> as an efficient selenylating reagent.
Modeling and Optimization for Big Data Analytics: (Statistical) learning tools for our era of data deluge (2014)

With pervasive sensors continuously collecting and storing massive amounts of information, there is no doubt this is an era of data deluge. Learning from these large volumes of data is expected to bring significant science and engineering advances along with improvements in quality of life. However, with such a big blessing come big challenges. Running analytics on voluminous data sets by central processors and storage units seems infeasible, and with the advent of streaming data sources, learning must often be performed in real time, typically without a chance to revisit past entries. Workhorse signal processing (SP) and statistical learning tools have to be re-examined in todays high-dimensional data regimes. This article contributes to the ongoing cross-disciplinary efforts in data science by putting forth encompassing models capturing a wide range of SP-relevant data analytic tasks, such as principal component analysis (PCA), dictionary learning (DL), compressive sampling (CS), and subspace clustering. It offers scalable architectures and optimization algorithms for decentralized and online learning problems, while revealing fundamental insights into the various analytic and implementation tradeoffs involved. Extensions of the encompassing models to timely data-sketching, tensor- and kernel-based learning tasks are also provided. Finally, the close connections of the presented framework with several big data tasks, such as network visualization, decentralized and dynamic estimation, prediction, and imputation of network link load traffic, as well as imputation in tensor-based medical imaging are highlighted.
Mo‐Si‐B Alloys for Ultrahigh‐Temperature Structural Applications (2012)

A continuing quest in science is the development of materials capable of operating structurally at ever-increasing temperatures. Indeed, the development of gas-turbine engines for aircraft/aerospace, which has had a seminal impact on our ability to travel, has been controlled by the availability of materials capable of withstanding the higher-temperature hostile environments encountered in these engines. Nickel-base superalloys, particularly as single crystals, represent a crowning achievement here as they can operate in the combustors at ~1100 °C, with hot spots of ~1200 °C. As this represents ~90% of their melting temperature, if higher-temperature engines are ever to be a reality, alternative materials must be utilized. One such class of materials is Mo-Si-B alloys; they have higher density but could operate several hundred degrees hotter. Here we describe the processing and structure versus mechanical properties of Mo-Si-B alloys and further document ways to optimize their nano/microstructures to achieve an appropriate balance of properties to realistically compete with Ni-alloys for elevated-temperature structural applications.
A data mining method for obtaining global power quality index (2011)

The new development in power system such as restructuring and competetive electricity market make power quality an important factor in competition. However, to find a measure for power quality evaluation is very difficult due to many indices involved in power quality standards. For this reason, obtaining a single quantitative index based on the standard measurements has been a new challenge in recent researches. Data mining methods are required for this purpose due to the large amount of data obtained from power quality measurements. In this paper, a data mining method is proposed to determine a global index for power quality. The continuous and discrete indices of power quality are considered and the Unified Power Quality Index (UPQI) is presented for each power quality index, based on the method of incorporation and normalization. The indices normalized and classified. The power quality level of each distribution site is determined by the Fast Independent Component Analysis (Fast-ICA) algorithm. The power quality measurements of 313 distribution sites in Iran are used to classify the indices for different type of loads in the distribution system.
An Inductive-Coupling Blocker Rejection Technique for Miniature RFID Tag (2016)

Miniaturization is a promising trend for future RF identification (RFID) in many applications such as the Internet of Things (IoT) and implantable devices. For a small-sized RFID tag using near-field communication, the reader is required to emit a large amount of RF power in order to power up the tag while simultaneously picking up a weak backscattering communication signal. This results in a very small signal-to-blocker ratio (SBR), making the demodulation very difficult for the reader-side receiver (RSR). In this paper, we propose a novel blocker rejection technique based on inductive coupling. Several coupling coils and transmission lines are designed and optimized on the same printed circuit board (PCB) with the main power transmitting (Tx) coil of the reader, which leads to a much higher SBR. As a demonstration vehicle, a 200 μm × 200 μm RFID tag with an on-chip antenna is fabricated using 65-nm CMOS technology with a harvested power of 12 μW, an operating frequency of 2 GHz, and a backscattering data rate of 625 kb/s. Measured result shows the proposed block rejection technique improves the SBR by 44 dB.