gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Associations Between Insurance, Race and Ethnicity, and COVID-19 Hospitalization Beyond Underlying Health Conditions: A Retrospective Cohort Study (2023)

Introduction: People of lower socioeconomic position (SEP) and people of color (POC) experience higher risks of severe COVID-19, but understanding of these associations beyond the effect of underlying health conditions (UHCs) is limited. Moreover, few studies have focused on young adults, who have had the highest incidence of COVID-19 during much of the pandemic.Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study using electronic health record data from the University of Washington Medicine healthcare system. Our study population included individuals aged 18-39 years who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 from February 2020 to March 2021. Using regression modeling, we estimated adjusted risk ratios (aRRs) and differences (aRDs) of COVID-19 hospitalization by SEP (using health insurance as a proxy) and race and ethnicity. We adjusted for any UHC to examine these associations beyond the effect of UHCs. Results: Among 3,101 individuals, the uninsured/publicly insured had a 1.9-fold higher risk of hospitalization (aRR [95% CI]=1.9 [1.0, 3.6]) and 9 additional hospitalizations per 1,000 SARS-CoV-2 positive persons (aRD [95% CI]=9 [-1, 20]) compared to the privately insured. Hispanic or Latine, non-Hispanic (NH) Asian, NH Black, and NH Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander patients had a 1.5-, 2.7-, 1.4-, and 2.1-fold-higher risk of hospitalization (aRR [95% CI]=1.5 [0.7, 3.1]; 2.7 [1.1, 6.5]; 1.4 [0.6, 3.3]; 2.1 [0.5, 9.1]), respectively, compared to NH White patients. Conclusions: Though they should be interpreted with caution given low precision, our findings suggest the increased risk of COVID-19 hospitalization among young adults of lower SEP and young adults of color may be driven by forces other than UHCs, including social determinants of health.
Adaptive convolutional neural networks for k-space data interpolation in fast magnetic resonance imaging (2020)

Deep learning in k-space has demonstrated great potential for image reconstruction from undersampled k-space data in fast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). However, existing deep learning-based image reconstruction methods typically apply weight-sharing convolutional neural networks (CNNs) to k-space data without taking into consideration the k-space data's spatial frequency properties, leading to ineffective learning of the image reconstruction models. Moreover, complementary information of spatially adjacent slices is often ignored in existing deep learning methods. To overcome such limitations, we develop a deep learning algorithm, referred to as adaptive convolutional neural networks for k-space data interpolation (ACNN-k-Space), which adopts a residual Encoder-Decoder network architecture to interpolate the undersampled k-space data by integrating spatially contiguous slices as multi-channel input, along with k-space data from multiple coils if available. The network is enhanced by self-attention layers to adaptively focus on k-space data at different spatial frequencies and channels. We have evaluated our method on two public datasets and compared it with state-of-the-art existing methods. Ablation studies and experimental results demonstrate that our method effectively reconstructs images from undersampled k-space data and achieves significantly better image reconstruction performance than current state-of-the-art techniques.
Changes in physicians' sources of pharmaceutical information: a review and analysis. (1991)

Since 1952, 20 datasets have been generated through 17 studies in an attempt to describe the sources and importance and/or use of information about pharmaceuticals by physicians. The authors review the findings of the studies and subject them to three sequentially relevant, but different, meta-analytic procedures. The results of these analyses indicate significant changes in the sources and importance of various commercial/noncommercial and personal/nonpersonal information as they relate to physicians' prescribing behavior. Those changes over time have specific implications for marketers of pharmaceuticals.
ChemInform Abstract: REACTIONS OF DI‐, TRI‐, AND HEXAMETHYLBENZENES WITH OXYGEN(3P) ATOMS IN LIQUID AND ON ADSORBED PHASES (1985)

Abstract Bei der Oxidation der Benzole (I) bei ‐10°C enthält der durch ipso‐Angriff entstehende Produktanteil ‐ (IV) und (V) ‐ überwiegend demethylierte Phenole, während beim Absinken der Temp. auf .‐78°C und beim Arbeiten mit adsorbierten ( ;z.B. an Silicagel) Material der Anteil der umgelagerten Phenole (V) und der Dienone (VI), die im letzeren Fall auch von ihren Dimeren (VII) begleitet werden, zunimmt.
Lace Braiding Machines for Composite Preform Manufacture (2019)

This paper is an evaluation of a modern lace braiding machine technology for suitability in the manufacture of textile composite material preforms. A brief history of bobbin lace and lace braiding machines is provided along with a discussion of the functionality of a Barmen lace braiding machine—the predecessor to the modern computerized lace braiding machine. It was found that the typical modern lace braiding machine lacked the robustness necessary to produce braided preforms using large, high-strength synthetic yarns such as carbon and aramid that are commonly found in advanced composite materials. Improvements are proposed to enable lace braiding machines to be developed for future applications.
Sulfhydryl-Based Tumor Antigen-Carrier Protein Conjugates Stimulate Superior Antitumor Immunity against B Cell Lymphomas (2008)

Therapeutic vaccination of B cell lymphoma patients with tumor-specific Ig (idiotype, or Id) chemically coupled to the immunogenic foreign carrier protein keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH) using glutaraldehyde has shown promising results in early clinical trials, and phase III trials are underway. However, glutaraldehyde Id-KLH vaccines fail to elicit anti-Id immune and clinical responses in many patients, possibly because glutaraldehyde reacts with lysine, cysteine, tyrosine, and histidine residues, damaging critical immunogenic epitopes. A sulfhydryl-based tumor Ag-carrier protein conjugation system using maleimide chemistry was used to enhance the efficacy of Id-KLH vaccines. Maleimide Id-KLH conjugates eradicated A20 lymphoma from most tumor-bearing mice, whereas glutaraldehyde Id-KLH had little efficacy. Maleimide Id-KLH elicited tumor-specific IgG Abs and T cells, with CD8(+) T cells being the major effectors of antilymphoma immunity. Maleimide Id-KLH vaccines also demonstrated superior efficacy in 38C13 and BCL-1 lymphoma models, where Abs were shown to be critical for protection. Importantly, standard glutaraldehyde Id-KLH conjugation procedures could result in "overconjugation" of the tumor Ag, leading to decreased efficacy, whereas the heterobifunctional maleimide-based conjugation yielded potent vaccine product regardless of conjugation duration. Under lysosomal processing conditions, the Id-carrier protein linkage was cleavable only after maleimide conjugation. Maleimide KLH conjugation was easily performed with human Igs analogous to those used in Id-KLH clinical trials. These data support the evaluation of sulfhydryl-based Id-KLH vaccines in lymphoma clinical trials and possibly the use of tumor Ag-carrier protein vaccines for other cancers.
Identifying change patterns in software history (2013)

Traditional algorithms for detecting differences in source code focus on differences between lines. As such, little can be learned about abstract changes that occur over time within a project. Structural differencing on the program's abstract syntax tree reveals changes at the syntactic level within code, which allows us to further process the differences to understand their meaning. We propose that grouping of changes by some metric of similarity, followed by pattern extraction via antiunification will allow us to identify patterns of change within a software project from the sequence of changes contained within a Version Control System (VCS). Tree similarity metrics such as a tree edit distance can be used to group changes in order to identify groupings that may represent a single class of change (e.g., adding a parameter to a function call). By applying antiunification within each group we are able to generalize from families of concrete changes to patterns of structural change. Studying patterns of change at the structural level, instead of line-by-line, allows us to gain insight into the evolution of software.
THE PENETRATION OF RADIOACTIVE SUPERPHOSPHATE INTO A PODZOL SOIL (1959)

The penetration into the soil of phosphorus, applied as superphosphate, was determined under various conditions in a field experiment on Cornwallis sand. Monocalcium phosphate containing P 32 was thoroughly incorporated in the surface inch, and the activity was later determined in 1-inch segments of core samples.Movement downward of applied phosphorus was very slight in spite of the coarse texture of this soil. In 2 weeks an average of 5.2 per cent was located in the 2–6 inch zone and only 8.5 per cent had reached this depth in 4 weeks. Application of 2 inches of water per week (rainfall plus irrigation) produced no significant difference from 1 inch per week. Neither adjustment of pH levels with dolomitic limestone, nor increasing the organic matter levels with anthraxylate (a. humus-like material prepared from coal) had any significant effect on phosphorus migration.There was some evidence that increased rates of superphosphate resulted in greater penetration of phosphorus but the effect was not statistically significant. Even the heaviest rate of phosphorus used (800 lb./ac. of P 2 O 5 ) did not saturate this soil appreciably, as it has a high phosphorus retention capacity (28.7 tons/acre).
Response to Comment on “Human Pregnancy Up-regulates Tim-3 in Innate Immune Cells for Systemic Immunity” (2010)

The function of Tim-3 as an inhibitory receptor in T cell immune regulation has been well documented to date ([1][1], [2][2]). However, the positive immunoregulatory function of Tim-3 has also been implicated by studies ([3][3]). Recently, we constructed a CHO cell line expressing full-length Tim-3
Opportunistic Relay Selection with a Direct Link (2010)

The performance of relay selection in the presence of a direct source-destination link has been an open problem, essentially because a direct link introduces cross-dependencies in the relay selection that significantly complicate its analysis. Thus, the previous studies of relay selection by and large have been forced to assume that the network geometry is such that the direct link is weak enough to be ignored.This paper addresses and solves this open problem. Several relaying protocols are analyzed with relay selection in the high-SNR regime using the diversity-multiplexing tradeoff, including AF, DF, NAF, DDF, and CF. In several cases, simplified selection criteria are developed.
Using mobile phones to present medical information to hospital patients (2012)

The awareness that hospital patients have of the people and events surrounding their care has a dramatic impact on satisfaction and clinical outcomes. However, patients are often under-informed about even basic aspects of their care. In this work, we hypothesize that mobile devices - which are increasingly available to patients - can be used as real-time information conduits to improve patient awareness and consequently improve patient care. To better understand the unique affordances that mobile devices offer in the hospital setting, we provided twenty-five patients with mobile phones that presented a dynamic, interactive report on their progress, care plan, and care team throughout their emergency department stay. Through interviews with these patients, their visitors, and hospital staff, we explore the benefits and challenges of using the mobile phone as an information display, finding overall that this is a promising approach to improving patient awareness. Furthermore, we demonstrate that only a small number of technology challenges remain before such a system could be deployed without researcher intervention.
Interpopulational and intervarietal F1 hybrids in Lolium perenne: heterosis under simulated-sward conditions (1971)

SUMMARY The performance of a series of intervarietal F 1 hybrid populations was determined in simulated swards in a range of environmental conditions. On average the hybrids were more stable in performance than their parental varieties, but they showed no general yield advantage. Several hybrids were markedly heterotic at the higher-parental level, however. More heterosis was exhibited in high productivity conditions than in less favourable environments. A generally poor correlation between parental and F 1 hybrid performance under competitive simulated-sward conditions and performance in noncompetitive spaced-plant conditions was found.
Safety study of transcutaneous focused ultrasound for non‐invasive skin tightening in Asians (2011)

Transcutaneous intense focused ultrasound appeared to be safe for non-invasive facial skin tightening in Asians. Adverse events were mild and transient. Pain control during treatment should be optimized. No serious permanent or delayed side effects were noted up to 6 months post treatment.
Effect of pressure on spin-gap behavior in Pr-doped and oxygen-deficientYBa2Cu3O7thin films (1996)

The influence of an external pressure on the behavior of the spin-gap temperature observed in the dc resistivity is measured on ${\mathrm{Y}}_{1\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}\mathit{x}}$${\mathrm{Pr}}_{\mathit{x}}$${\mathrm{Ba}}_{2}$${\mathrm{Cu}}_{3}$${\mathrm{O}}_{7}$ films with x=0.2, 0.3, and 0.4 and an oxygen-deficient ${\mathrm{YBa}}_{\mathit{x}}$${\mathrm{Cu}}_{3}$${\mathrm{O}}_{\mathit{y}}$ film with y=6.6. It is found that the spin-gap temperature shifts with pressure in a sense opposite to the shift of the critical temperature, consistent with the resonating valence bond mean-field phase diagram. The modified carrier density induced by the pressure is the major effect, while no significant effect of enhanced interplane-coupling of the ${\mathrm{Cu}}^{2+}$ spins due to a decrease in the distance between the ${\mathrm{CuO}}_{2}$ planes is observed. \textcopyright{} 1996 The American Physical Society.
An empirical assessment of the consistency of taxonomic identifications (2013)

Plankton counting and analysis is essential in ecological study, yet scant literature exists as to the reliability of those counts and the consistency of the experts who make the counts. To assess how variable expert taxonomic identifications are, a set of six archived mesozooplankton samples from a series of Longhurst Hardy Plankton Recorder net hauls were counted by expert zooplankton analysts located at six marine laboratories. Sample identifications were repeated on two separate days with over 700 target specimens counted and identified on each day across the samples. Twenty percent of the analysts returned counts that varied by more than 10%. Thirty-three percent of analysts exhibited low identification consistencies, returning Intraclass Correlation Coefficient scores of less than 0.80. Statistical analyses of these data suggest that over 83% of the observed categorical count variance can be attributed to inconsistencies within analysts. We suggest this is the root cause of variation in expert specimen labelling consistency.
A Multi-hop ARQ Protocol for Underwater Acoustic Networks (2007)

Underwater acoustic networks are envisaged to be the enabling technology for oceanographic data collection, pollution monitoring, offshore exploration and tactical surveillance applications. Unique characteristics of underwater acoustic channels such as large propagation delays and high bit error rates pose a challenge to designing reliable and efficient communication protocols. In this paper, we propose an opportunistic acknowledgement scheme suited for Stop and Wait ARQ protocols and demonstrate using simulations that it achieves better latency and energy efficiency than traditional non-opportunistic schemes for both one and two-dimensional multi-hop acoustic channels.
Misalignment in imaging multifibers (1978)

A statistical approach is used to characterize image transmission through misaligned multifibers, i.e., differently arranged at the input and output faces, leading to a spatially invariant line spread function. The resulting MTF is the product of the MTF for the aligned system and a function characterizing stochastic departures from alignment. The case of circular fibers with Gaussian misalignment is treated theoretically and is found to account satisfactorily for experimentally observed results.
Nonwearable Gaze Tracking System for Controlling Home Appliance (2014)

A novel gaze tracking system for controlling home appliances in 3D space is proposed in this study. Our research is novel in the following four ways. First, we propose a nonwearable gaze tracking system containing frontal viewing and eye tracking cameras. Second, our system includes three modes: navigation (for moving the wheelchair depending on the direction of gaze movement), selection (for selecting a specific appliance by gaze estimation), and manipulation (for controlling the selected appliance by gazing at the control panel). The modes can be changed by closing eyes during a specific time period or gazing. Third, in the navigation mode, the signal for moving the wheelchair can be triggered according to the direction of gaze movement. Fourth, after a specific home appliance is selected by gazing at it for more than predetermined time period, a control panel with 3 × 2 menu is displayed on laptop computer below the gaze tracking system for manipulation. The user gazes at one of the menu options for a specific time period, which can be manually adjusted according to the user, and the signal for controlling the home appliance can be triggered. The proposed method is shown to have high detection accuracy through a series of experiments.
[Possible involvement of inositol 1, 4, 5-trisphosphate receptor type 3 (IP3R3) in the peritoneal dissemination of gastric cancers]. (2003)

Our previous study using a cDNA microarray demonstrated that positive identification of differently expressed genes among gastric cancer cells involved in peritoneal dissemination could be accomplished. One of these genes with overexpression is inositol 1, 4, 5-trisphosphate receptor type 3 (IP3R3). IP3R3 is an intracellular Ca2+ release channel responsible for mobilizing stored Ca2+. Three different receptor types have been molecularly cloned, and their genes have been classified into a family. But the role of the IP3 signaling pathway in the peritoneal dissemination of gastric cancers is still unclear. In this study, IP3R3 is overexpressed in gastric cancer cell lines established from malignant ascites, but weakly expressed in gastric cancer cell lines established from primary tumor as well as in normal gastric epithelial cells. IP3R1 and 2 are expressed only weakly or not at all in these cells. The antagonist of IP3R, 2-APB, inhibited cell proliferation and induced apoptosis of gastric cancer cells from malignant ascites at concentrations of 100 nM to 100 microM in a dose dependent manner. Conversely, 2-APB showed a weak effect on other gastric cancer cells established from primary tumors (SNU1), lymph node metastases or liver metastases (MKN1 or 74), methothelial cell lines Met5A and myeloid leukemia cell HL60 cells. This suggests that this inhibitory effect depends on the level of IP3R3 expression. As cells that express IP3R3 mRNA (i.e., pancreatic aciner cells) are known to have a secretory function in which IP3/Ca2+ signaling has been shown to be involved, IP3R3 may be a prerequisite for secretion in gastric cancer cells. These results indicate that IP3R3 may be specifically involved in gastric cancer peritoneal dissemination and that IP3R3 may be a molecular target of the peritoneal dissemination of gastric cancer. Its antagonist, 2-APB, may thus be useful for the treatment of gastric cancer, especially for peritoneal dissemination.
An assessment of the roles of climb and glide in misfit strain relief (1994)

In order to assess the relative contributions of glide and climb processes in the relaxation of misfit strain in heteroepitaxial layers, the glide and climb velocities of dislocations are compared at several temperatures. It is shown that the glide velocity is much greater than the climb velocity under normal conditions. For copper and silicon, about four orders of magnitude can exist at 3/4 of the melting temperature with lower temperatures leading to larger differences. One therefore expects relaxation of misfit strain to proceed primarily by glide mechanisms. Two cases are addressed here in which climb processes can be important: (i) by-passing of an obstacle and (ii) redistribution of an irregular array of interfacial misfit dislocations into a regular array of lower energy.
Clearance of Multiple Venous Lakes with an 800-nm Diode Laser: A Novel Approach (2007)

*Department of Dermatology, Wellman Laboratories of Photomedicine, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts Address correspondence and reprint requests to: Tomi L. Wall, MD, 2090 Broadway St., # 703, San Francisco, CA 94115, or e-mail: [email protected].
Evaluating the mechanical performance of supercritical CO 2 fabricated polymide 6,6/PMMA, fiber reinforced composites (2003)

Abstract Recent advancements in SC CO 2 mediated synthesis and material processing have led to polymer‐polymer blends and composite materials with complex morphologies, exhibiting long‐range order and orientation on multiple length‐scales from the nanometer to the centimeter scale. The material under consideration in this work is a polyamide 6,6 (nylon)/poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) fiber‐reinforced composite that was fabricated in a unique SC CO 2 assisted process. The tensile and flexural properties of these unique composites are studied and the evolution of damage and energy dissipation are monitored through cyclic loading and microscopic analysis of post‐stressed composite cross sections. It is shown that this morphology leads to improved flexural modulus and increased ultimate strength with only a small decrease in tensile modulus. These composites also exhibited significant improvements in stress distribution and load transfer without the use of fiber sizing agents for fiber/matrix compatibilization.
Evolution of Radiation Therapy in Pancreas Cancer Management toward MRI-Guided Adaptive Radiation Therapy (2022)

Pancreas cancer has a poor prognosis despite aggressive treatment and is the fourth leading cause of cancer death in the United States. At diagnosis, most patients have either metastatic or locally advanced disease. In this article, we review the evolution of treatments in locally advanced pancreas cancer (LAPC) and discuss the various radiation therapy fractionation schemes. Furthermore, we examine the data supporting dose escalation and the delivery of ablative biologically effective doses in the setting of LAPC. Finally, we review the role of MRI-guided radiation therapy in escalating dose while sparing organs at risk in the era of stereotactic magnetic resonance-guided adaptive radiation therapy.