gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Inhibition of hippocampal long-term potentiation by high-fat diets (2017)

High-fat diets (HFD) impair hippocampal-dependent learning and memory and produce important changes in synaptic transmission by enhancing glutamate uptake, decreasing synaptic efficacy, and inhibiting plasticity mechanisms such as N-methyl-D-aspartate-mediated long-term depression (LTD) within the hippocampus. Adolescent animals seem to be particularly susceptible to the detrimental effect of HFD as dietary treatments carried out between weaning and early adulthood are much more efficient in terms of hippocampal damage that those carried out during the adult period. As palmitic acid is the most abundant saturated fatty acid in HFD, its effect on hippocampal function needs to be studied. However, glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3), a pleiotropic enzyme highly expressed in the central nervous system, modulates both hippocampal long-term potentiation (LTP) and LTD, and has been implicated in neurological disorders including Alzheimer's disease. In this study, we have characterized in mice hippocampus the effect of (i) a 48 h HFD intervention and (ii) in-vitro palmitic acid, as well as the possible involvement of GSK-3 in the above-mentioned plasticity mechanisms. Our results show that both 48 h HFD and palmitic acid inhibit LTP in hippocampal slices, whereas no effect on LTD was observed. Moreover, tideglusib, an ATP-noncompetitive inhibitor of GSK-3, induced hippocampal LTP and partially reversed the impairment of LTP induced by palmitic acid.
Error rate of asynchronous DS-CDMA in Nakagami fading (2005)

An accurate bit-error-rate (BER) calculation method is derived for a binary direct-sequence (DS) spread-spectrum multiple-access (SSMA) system using conventional matched filter receivers and random sequences on flat-fading Nakagami channels. A closed-form expression for the characteristic function of a sum of multiple Nakagami interfering signals is found. The accuracy of the standard Gaussian approximation (SGA) is assessed for DS code-division multiple-access (CDMA) systems operating on Nakagami fading channels.
Topical Delivery of Interferon Alpha by Biphasic Vesicles: Evidence for a Novel Nanopathway across the Stratum Corneum (2010)

Noninvasive delivery of macromolecules across intact skin is challenging but would allow for needle-free administration of many pharmaceuticals. Biphasic vesicles, a novel lipid-based topical delivery system, have been shown to deliver macromolecules into the skin. Investigation of the delivery mechanism of interferon alpha (IFN alpha), as a model protein, by biphasic vesicles could improve understanding of molecular transport through the stratum corneum and allow for the design of more effective delivery systems. The interaction of biphasic vesicles with human skin and isolated stratum corneum membrane was investigated by confocal microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and small- and wide-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS and WAXS). Confocal microscopy revealed that biphasic vesicles delivered IFN alpha intercellularly, to a depth of 70 microm, well below the stratum corneum and into the viable epidermis. DSC and SAXS/WAXS data suggest that the interaction of biphasic vesicles with SC lipids resulted in the formation of a three-dimensional cubic Pn3m polymorphic phase by the molecular rearrangement of intercellular lipids. This cubic phase could be an intercellular permeation nanopathway that may explain the increased delivery of IFN alpha by biphasic vesicles. Liposomes and submicrometer emulsion (the individual building blocks of biphasic vesicles) separately and methylcellulose gel, an alternative topical vehicle, did not induce a cubic phase and delivered low amounts of IFN alpha below the stratum corneum. Molecular modeling of the cubic Pn3m phase and lamellar-to-cubic phase transitions provides a plausible mechanism for transport of IFN alpha. It is hypothesized that induction of a Pn3m cubic phase in stratum corneum lipids could make dermal and transdermal delivery of other macromolecules also possible.
Klinische Anwendung des dynamischen Ventrikelsimulators P.A.N.D.A. in der kardiologischen Diagnostik (1985)

Article Klinische Anwendung des dynamischen Ventrikelsimulators P.A.N.D.A. in der kardiologischen Diagnostik was published on January 1, 1985 in the journal Biomedical Engineering / Biomedizinische Technik (volume 30, issue s1).
Composite Materials NDE Using Enhanced Leaky Lamb Wave Dispersion Data Acquisition Method (1999)

The leaky Lamb wave (LLW) technique is approaching a maturity level that is making it an attractive quantitative NDE tool for composites and bonded joints. Since it was first observed in 1982, the phenomenon has been studied extensively, particularly in composite materials. The wave is induced by oblique insonification using a pitch-catch arrangement and the plate wave modes are detected by identifying minima in the reflected spectra to obtain the dispersion data. The wave behavior in multi-orientation laminates has been well documented and corroborated experimentally with high accuracy. The sensitivity of the wave to the elastic constants of the material and to the boundary conditions led to the capability to measure the elastic properties of bonded joints. Recently, the authors significantly enhanced the LLW method's capability by increasing the speed of the data acquisition, the number of modes that can be identified and the accuracy of the data inversion. In spite of the theoretical and experimental progress, methods that employ oblique insonification of composites are still not being applied as standard industrial NDE methods. The authors investigated the issues that are hampering the transition of the LLW to industrial applications and identified 4 key issues. The current capability of the method and the nature of these issues are described in this paper.
A method for prediction and estimation of large‐amplitude optical flows via extended Kalman filtering approach (2006)

Purpose This paper seeks to develop a reliable and computationally efficient method for estimating and predicting large‐amplitude optical flows via taking into consideration their coherence along the time dimension. Design/methodology/approach Although the differential‐based techniques for estimating optical flows have long been in wide use owing to the relative simplicity of their mathematical description, their applicability is known to be limited to the situations, when the optical flow has a relatively small norm. In order to extend such method to deal with large‐amplitude optical flows, it is proposed to model the optical flow as a composition of its time‐delayed version and a complementary optical flow. The former is used to predict the current optical flow and, subsequently, to warp forward the preceding image of the tracking sequence, while the latter accounts for the residual displacements that are estimated using Kalman filtering based on the “small norm” assumption. Findings The study shows that taking into consideration the temporal coherence of optical flows results in considerable improvement in the quality of their estimation in the case when the amplitude of the optical flow is relatively large and, hence, the “small norm” assumption is not applicable. Research limitations/implications In the present work, the algorithm is formulated under the assumption that the optical flow is affine. This assumption may be restrictive in practice. Consequently, an important direction to extend this work is to consider more general classes of optical flows. Originality/value The main contribution of the present study is the use of multigrid methods and a projection scheme to relate the state equation to the apparent image motion.
High-Performance Schottky Contact Quantum-Well Germanium Channel pMOSFET With Low Thermal Budget Process (2015)

We present a high-performance Si/Ge/Si p-channel metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor (pMOSFET) with a NiSiGe Schottky junction source/drain (S/D) formed through microwave-activated annealing. A Schottky contact S/D is preferable, because the lower process temperature is beneficial for eliminating Ge diffusion. The fabricated NiSiGe Schottky junction exhibited a high effective barrier height (Φ <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Bn</sub> ) of 0.69 eV for electrons, resulting in a high junction current ratio of more than 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">5</sup> at the applied voltage of |Va| = 1 V. Our quantum-well pMOSFET exhibited a high I <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">ON</sub> /I <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">OFF</sub> ratio of ~10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">7</sup> (I <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">S</sub> ) and a moderate subthreshold swing of 166 mV/decade.
T-dependent B cell responses to Plasmodium induce antibodies that form a high-avidity multivalent complex with the circumsporozoite protein (2017)

The repeat region of the Plasmodium falciparum circumsporozoite protein (CSP) is a major vaccine antigen because it can be targeted by parasite neutralizing antibodies; however, little is known about this interaction. We used isothermal titration calorimetry, X-ray crystallography and mutagenesis-validated modeling to analyze the binding of a murine neutralizing antibody to Plasmodium falciparum CSP. Strikingly, we found that the repeat region of CSP is bound by multiple antibodies. This repeating pattern allows multiple weak interactions of single FAB domains to accumulate and yield a complex with a dissociation constant in the low nM range. Because the CSP protein can potentially cross-link multiple B cell receptors (BCRs) we hypothesized that the B cell response might be T cell independent. However, while there was a modest response in mice deficient in T cell help, the bulk of the response was T cell dependent. By sequencing the BCRs of CSP-repeat specific B cells in inbred mice we found that these cells underwent somatic hypermutation and affinity maturation indicative of a T-dependent response. Last, we found that the BCR repertoire of responding B cells was limited suggesting that the structural simplicity of the repeat may limit the breadth of the immune response.
Heisenberg representation of nonthermal ultrafast laser excitation of magnetic precessions (2021)

We derive the Heisenberg representation of the ultrafast inverse Faraday effect that provides the time evolution of magnetic vectors of a magnetic system during its interaction with a laser pulse. We obtain a time-dependent effective magnetic operator acting in the Hilbert space of the total angular momentum that describes a process of nonthermal excitation of magnetic precessions in an electronic system by a circularly polarized laser pulse. The magnetic operator separates the effect of the laser pulse on the magnetic system from other magnetic interactions. The effective magnetic operator provides the equations of motion of magnetic vectors during the excitation by the laser. We show that magnetization dynamics calculated with these equations is equivalent to magnetization dynamics calculated with the time-dependent Schr\"odinger equation, which takes into account the interaction of an electronic system with the electric field of light. We model and compare laser-induced precessions of magnetic sublattices of the easy-plane and easy-axis antiferromagnetic systems. Using these models, we show how the ultrafast inverse Faraday effect induces a net magnetic moment in antiferromagnets and demonstrate that a crystal field environment and the exchange interaction play essential roles for laser-induced magnetization dynamics even during the action of a pump pulse. Using our approach, we show that light-induced precessions can start even during the action of the pump pulse with a duration several tens times shorter than the period of induced precessions and affect the position of magnetic vectors after the action of the pump pulse.
COMPARISON OF FIELD MAPS GENERATED BY PHASE LABELING USING SENSE (PLUS) (2009)

Phase labeling using sensitivity encoding (PLUS) is a new method for data acquisition and image reconstruction for geometric distortion correction in echo-planar imaging (EPI). It directly derives field map s and coil sensitivity maps from measurement data themselves. Without extra scans for field maps and coil sensitivity maps, errors caused by object position inconsistency among measurements and those maps are prevented. Instead of acquiring multiple images with different shifts of k-space data like phase labeling for additional coordinate encoding (PLACE), PLUS modifi es EPI trajectories and exploits parallel imaging to o btain all of those images in a single scan. Field maps in terms of phase-shift maps from two PLUS trajectories with different phase sensitivity (to the field inhomogen eity) are compared with those from PLACE using the root mean squared errors between the phase-shift maps and usi ng the visual quality of the corrected images.
Review of fluid‐solid reaction analysis—Part 1: Single nonporous reactant solid (2019)

Abstract Fluid‐solid reactions make up a large number of important processes in the chemical and metallurgical industries. Despite their enormous importance, much confusion still exists in the systematic and quantitative analysis of the kinetics of these reactions. Even more serious are the frequent misapplications of existing theories. This series of articles reviews the advances made in the quantitative analysis and mathematical models of fluid‐solid reactions with the aim of providing information on the principles involved in the correct approach for describing the rates of fluid‐solid reactions. This Part 1 of the series covers the analysis of the reactions in which the starting solid has little initial porosity.
Effect of Sesamin and Related Compounds on the Insecticidal Action of Pyrethrum on Houseflies (1942)

Journal Article Effect of Sesamin and Related Compounds on the Insecticidal Action of Pyrethrum on Houseflies Get access H. L. Haller, H. L. Haller U. S. Department of Agriculture, Bureau of Entomology and Plant Quarantine, Beltsville, Md. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar F. B. LaForge, F. B. LaForge U. S. Department of Agriculture, Bureau of Entomology and Plant Quarantine, Beltsville, Md. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar W. N. Sullivan W. N. Sullivan U. S. Department of Agriculture, Bureau of Entomology and Plant Quarantine, Beltsville, Md. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Journal of Economic Entomology, Volume 35, Issue 2, 1 April 1942, Pages 247–248, https://doi.org/10.1093/jee/35.2.247 Published: 01 April 1942
ChemInform Abstract: Sugar‐Integrated Gelators of Organic Solvents (2002)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
The Limits of Open Door Imperialism and the US State–Capital Nexus (2012)

This article analyses the US state–capital nexus at the heart of an American imperialism currently reaching its limits. In a first part we argue that the US state has consistently sought to promote and facilitate the global expansion of US capital, indicating a tight coupling between the two. Indeed, this so-called Open Door imperialism has been shaped and cemented by the strong ties between the foreign policy-making state apparatus and America's corporate elite. With the aid of social network analysis and biographical mapping we show how many key foreign policymakers of the past three administrations have been recruited from the ranks of US transnational capital. This nexus helps to explain how under Obama, US ‘grand strategy’, analysed in the second part, remains wedded to the goal of maintaining the global Open Door empire in spite of the deepening contradictions in the context of the current crisis of the US-led neoliberal order. Este artículo analiza el nexo entre el estado y el capital estadounidense en el corazón del imperialismo americano, actualmente alcanzando sus límites. En una primera parte sostenemos que el estado estadounidense ha intentado consistentemente de promover y facilitar la expansión global del capital estadounidense, que indica una conexión estrecha entre los dos. De hecho, este así llamado imperialismo a Puertas abiertas ha sido forjado y cimentado por fuertes lazos entre el aparato extranjero de creación de leyes y la élite corporativa americana. Con la ayuda del análisis de las redes sociales y la representación biográfica, mostramos como muchos de los estrategas políticos extranjeros claves de las tres administraciones anteriores han sido seleccionados de los rangos del capital trasnacional estadounidense. Este nexo ayuda a explicar cómo bajo Obama, la ‘gran estrategia’ de E.E.U.U., analizada en la segunda parte, permanece casada con la meta de mantener el imperio global de Puerta abierta, a pesar de las contradicciones cada vez mayores en el contexto de la actual crisis del orden neoliberal encabezado por los Estados Unidos. 本文分析了美国国家（the US state）与资本的联结，它处于当前达于极限的美国帝国主义的核心。在第一部分，我们认为美国国家一直不断地寻求促进美国资本的全球扩张，表明了二者之间的紧密结合。确实，这一所谓的门户开放资本主义是由制订外交政策的国家机构和美国的公司精英之间的强劲纽带所塑造和加强的。通过借助社会网络分析和生平描述，我们表明了过去三届行政当局中有多少关键的外交政策制订者是从美跨国资本阶层中招募的。这一连结有助于解释第二部分所分析的美国“大战略”在奥巴马时期是如何继续坚持维护全球门户开放帝国目标的，尽管在美国主导的新自由主义秩序发生当前危机的背景下各种矛盾在加深。 이 글은 한계에 달한 미국 제국주의의 중심에서 미국의 국가-자본 관계를 분석한다. 첫 번째로 우리는 국가와 자본의 단단한 결합을 지적하면서 미국 국가가 지속적으로 미국의 지구적 팽창을 장려하고 촉진시켰다고 주장한다. 정말로 소위 문화개방 제국주의가 외교정책을 펴는 국가 기구와 미국의 기업 엘리트 간의 강한 유대에 의해서 만들어 지고 또 강화되었다. 우리는 사회연결망 분석과 전기적 서술의 도움으로 과거 3개 정부의 많은 핵심적인 외교정책가들이 미국의 초국적 기업에서 충원되었다는 것으로 보여준다. 이러한 관계는 2부에서 분석된 오바마 정부에서 미국의 ‘거대 전략’이 미국주도 신자유주의 질서의 위기 속에서 심화되는 모순에도 불구하고 지구적 문화개방 제국을 유지하려는 목표에 어떻게 연결되어 있는 지를 설명하는 데 도움을 준다.
Local Atomic Density of Microporous Carbons (2011)

We investigated the structure of two disordered carbons: activated carbon fibers (ACF) and ultramicroporous carbon (UMC). These carbons have highly porous structure with large surface areas and consequently low macroscopic density that should enhance adsorption of hydrogen. We used the atomic pair distribution function to probe the local atomic arrangements. The results show that the carbons maintain an in-plane local atomic structure similar to regular graphite, but the stacking of graphitic layers is strongly disordered. Although the local atomic density of these carbons is lower than graphite, it is only ∼20% lower and is much higher than the macroscopic density due to the porosity of the structure. For this reason, the density of graphene sheets that have optimum separation for hydrogen adsorption is lower than anticipated.
Large impact of small vertex cuts on the mechanics of origami bellows (2023)

For origami structures, perforating or cutting slits along creases is an effective method to define fold lines and alleviate stress concentrations at vertices. In this letter we show numerically and experimentally that for non-rigid-foldable origami bellows (e.g. Miura-ori, Kresling patterns) the introduction of small cut-outs at the vertices results in up to an order of magnitude reduction of the bellows’ stiffness under axial compression. Further, the cut-outs at vertices impact the nonlinear response, e.g. the position and magnitude of a force limit point and presence of bistable configurations. As the origami bellows are not rigid foldable, an axial compression will necessarily result in facet deformations; the small cut-outs at the vertices are found to provide an unexpectedly large stress alleviation, resulting in disproportionate changes in mechanical properties of the bellows. In order to accurately model the mechanics of origami bellows, such manufacturing details must therefore be captured accurately. Lastly, introducing vertex cut-outs can be offered as a novel approach to tailoring the stiffness of non-rigid foldable origami structures.
Faculty Opinions recommendation of Smoothelin-a is essential for functional intestinal smooth muscle contractility in mice. (2005)

BACKGROUND & AIMS: In patients with chronic intestinal pseudo-obstruction, intestinal motility is disturbed by either nervous or myogenic aberrations. The cause of the myogenic form is unknown, but it is likely to originate in the contractile apparatus of the smooth muscle cells. Smoothelins are actin-binding proteins that are expressed abundantly in visceral (smoothelin-A) and vascular (smoothelin-B) smooth muscle. Experimental data indicate a role for smoothelins in smooth muscle contraction. A smoothelin-deficient mouse model may help to establish the role of smoothelin-A in intestinal contraction and provide a model for myogenic chronic intestinal pseudo-obstruction.METHODS: We used gene targeting to investigate the function of smoothelin-A in intestinal tissues. By deletion of exons 18, 19, and 20 from the smoothelin gene, the expression of both smoothelin isoforms was disrupted. The effects of the deficiency were evaluated by pathologic and physiologic analyses.RESULTS: In smoothelin-A/B knockout mice, the intestine was fragile and less flexible compared with wild-type littermates. The circular and longitudinal muscle layers of the intestine were hypertrophic. Deficiency of smoothelin-A led to irregular slow wave patterns and impaired contraction of intestinal smooth muscle, leading to hampered transport in vivo. This caused obstructions that provoked intestinal diverticulosis and occasionally intestinal rupture.CONCLUSIONS: Smoothelin-A is essential for functional contractility of intestinal smooth muscle. Hampered intestinal transit in smoothelin-A/B knockout mice causes obstruction, starvation, and, ultimately, premature death. The pathology of mice lacking smoothelin-A is reminiscent of that seen in patients with chronic intestinal pseudo-obstruction. PMID: 16285958
Nonlinear effects in magnetic angular position sensor with integrated flux concentrator (2003)

We studied nonlinear behaviour of the angular position magnetic field sensor that consists of CMOS integrated circuit chip and a thin ferromagnetic disk. Developed numerical 3D model was compared with experimental results with a good agreement. Obtained numerical results were used to determine the linear magnetic working range of the sensor. We also calculated the nonlinear error for the disk positioning relative to the Hall elements and found 3.3% of error for the 10 /spl mu/m displacement. We proposed a simple amplitude calibration to strongly reduce nonlinearity coming from misalignment to 0.3% of the full scale. Additional nonlinearity from Hall elements has been discussed. The offset and sensitivity mismatch, contribute to the nonlinearity of the sensor less than 1/spl deg/.
A class of good quasi-cyclic low-density parity check codes based on progressive edge growth graph (2005)

We present a new class of quasi-cyclic low density parity check (QC-LDPC) codes, whose quasi-cyclic nature makes them attractive for implementation. Both regular and irregular QC-LDPC codes are designed by modifying the progressive edge growth (PEG) graph with a quasi-cyclic constraint. Simulations show that these QC-LDPC codes offer hardware-friendly parity check matrices and have as good error correction performance as random LDPC codes and other good QC-LDPC codes. In addition, the proposed QC-LDPC codes offer a much more flexible set of parameters compared to the traditional designs.