gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Modeling and Experimental Evaluation of Passive Heat Sinks for Miniature High-Flux Photovoltaic Concentrators (2004)

An important consideration in the practical realization of high-concentration photovoltaic devices is the heat rejection at high power densities to the environment. Recently, optical designs for generating solar flux in excess of 1000 suns on advanced solar cells — while respecting flux homogeneity and system compactness — were suggested with the introduction of solar fiber-optic mini-dish concentrators, tailored specifically to high-flux photovoltaic devices [1]. At the core of the design is the miniaturization of the smallest building block in the system — the concentrator and the cell — permitting low-cost mass production and reliance on passive heat rejection of solar energy that is not converted to electricity. First, this paper proposes a relatively simple 1-D axi-symmetric model for predicting the thermal and electrical performance of such mini-dish high-flux concentrators. Experimental measurements were performed with a real-sun solar simulator, indoors under controllable conditions, a flux levels up to 5,000 suns. A CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) model was also developed for model-validation. Both the modeling approaches predict heat sink temperatures within experimental uncertainty of a couple of degrees. Next, the 1-D axi-symmetric model is used to evaluate the sensitivity of different solar cell model assumptions, environmental effects (such as outdoor temperature, and the wind speed), heat sink size and geometry, thermal contact resistance, etc. It was confirmed that the miniaturization of the solar cell module permits passive heat rejection, such that solar cell temperatures should not reach more than 80°C at peak insolation and stagnation conditions. Though the cell rated efficiency degrades by only 1–2% in absolute terms, higher cell temperatures may compromise the integrity of the cell circuitry and of the encapsulation. The 1-D axi-symmetric model also allows optimization of the heat sink geometric dimensions for a given volume. Hour-by-hour performance simulation results for such an optimized design configuration were performed for one month in summer and one month in winter for two locations namely Philadelphia, PA and Phoenix, AZ. The insight gained from this study is important for the proper design of the various components and materials to be used in PV mini-dishes. Equally important is that it allows similar types of analyses to be performed and well-informed design choices to be made for mini-dishes that have to operate under different climatic conditions with cells of different performance and concentration ratios.
Private Provision of Social Insurance: Drug-Specific Price Elasticities and Cost Sharing in Medicare Part D (2018)

We explore how private drug plans set cost sharing in the context of Medicare Part D. While publicly provided drug coverage typically involves uniform cost sharing across drugs, we document substantial heterogeneity in the cost sharing for different drugs within privately provided plans. We also document that private plans systematically set higher consumer cost sharing for drugs or classes associated with more elastic demand; to do so, we estimate price elasticities of demand across more than 150 drugs and across more than 100 therapeutic classes. We conclude by discussing the various channels that likely affect private plans’ cost-sharing decisions. (JEL G22, H51, I13, I18, L11, L65)
Electronically Unsaturated Three-Coordinate Chloride and Methyl Complexes of Iron, Cobalt, and Nickel (2002)

Three-coordinate organometallic complexes are rare, especially with the prototypical methyl ligand. Using a hindered, rigid bidentate ligand (L), it is possible to create 12-electron methyliron(II) and 13-electron methylcobalt(II) complexes. These complexes are thermally stable, and (1)H NMR spectra suggest that the low coordination number is maintained in solution. Attempts to create the 14-electron LNiCH(3) led instead to the three-coordinate nickel(I) complex LNi(THF). Single crystals of LMCH(3) are isomorphous with the new three-coordinate chloride complexes LNiCl and LCoCl. Along with the recently reported LFeCl (Smith, J. M.; Lachicotte, R. J.; Holland, P. L. Chem. Commun. 2001, 1542), these are the only examples of three-coordinate iron(II), cobalt(II), and nickel(II) complexes with terminal chloride ligands, enabling the systematic evaluation of the effect of coordination number and metal identity on M-Cl bond lengths. Electronic structure calculations predict the ground states of the trigonal complexes.
Zero loss magnetic metamaterials using powered active unit cells (2009)

We report the design and experimental measurement of a powered active magnetic metamaterial with tunable permeability. The unit cell is based on the combination of an embedded radiofrequency amplifier and a tunable phase shifter, which together control the response of the medium. The measurements show that a negative permeability metamaterial with zero loss or even gain can be achieved through an array of such metamaterial cells. This kind of active metamaterial can find use in applications that are performance limited due to material losses.
Vehicle-to-Vehicle Communication for a Platooning System (2012)

This paper describes a vehicle-to-vehicle (V2 V) communication system that is developed in the SARTRE project. The project vision is to develop and integrate technology that enables vehicles to drive in platoons. SARTRE defines a platoon (or road train) as a collection of vehicles where a manually driven heavy lead vehicle is followed by several automatically controlled (both laterally and longitudinally) following trucks and/or passenger cars. The V2 V communication system enables forwarding of messages between vehicles to share data such as vehicle speed. In this paper, we present performance measurements of a first prototype of the V2 V system. This is an important part of the platooning demonstrator that is being developed in the SARTRE project. We evaluate two antenna placements on the lead vehicle; in front on the driver cabin and in the rear on top of the container. Our results show that the rear placement provides superior results, especially for distances above 70 meters.
Solid‐Phase Cross‐Linking (SPCL): A new tool for protein structure studies (2011)

A wide range of chemical reagents are available to study the protein-protein interactions or protein structures. After reaction with such chemicals, covalently modified proteins are digested, resulting in shorter peptides that are analyzed by mass spectrometry (MS). Used especially when NMR of X-ray data are lacking, this methodology requires the identification of modified species carrying relevant information, among the unmodified peptides. To overcome the drawbacks of existing methods, we propose a more direct strategy relying on the synthesis of solid-supported cleavable monofunctional reagents and cross-linkers that react with proteins and that selectively release, after protein digestion and washings, the modified peptide fragments ready for MS analysis. Using this Solid-Phase Cross-Linking (SPCL) strategy, only modified sequences are analyzed and consistent data can be easily obtained since the signals of interest are not masked or suppressed by over-represented unmodified materials.
Modelling the Dynamical Behaviour of Holographic Gratings with Nematic Film-Polymer Slice Sequence Structure (2009)

In recent years there has been much interest in the physics and possible technological applications of liquid crystal-based tuneable Bragg gratings. Such optical devices can be realised using special composite materials based on a sequence of polymeric sheets alternated by layers containing only liquid crystal, sometimes known as Policryps and Poliphem. Recent experiments have clearly demonstrated a peculiar dependence of relaxation times on actual external field applied (both amplitude and duration) after switching off the operating voltage. We propose a theoretical model of director reorientation in such composites, in which both bulk behaviour in the LC stripes and interfacial polymer-LC interaction is taken into account. Within this model we explain the dynamical behaviour of holographic gratings characterized by a nematic film-polymer slice sequence structure, as well as other polymer-LC phase separated composites.
Ultrafast Sub-100-fs Thin-Disk Laser Oscillators (2022)

Ultrafast thin-disk lasers continue achieving higher average powers at shorter pulse durations, reaching 100-MW peak power directly from the laser oscillator output. We discuss recent progress and its application to intra-oscillator high harmonic generation.
Regulation of Progenitor Cell Fusion by ABCB5 P-glycoprotein, a Novel Human ATP-binding Cassette Transporter (2003)

Cell fusion involving progenitor cells is a newly recognized phenomenon thought to contribute to tissue differentiation. The molecular mechanisms governing cell fusion are unknown. P-glycoprotein and related ATP-binding cassette transporters are expressed by progenitor cells, but their physiological role in these cell types has not been defined. Here, we have cloned ABCB5, a rhodamine efflux transporter and novel member of the human P-glycoprotein family, which marks CD133-expressing progenitor cells among human epidermal melanocytes and determines as a regulator of membrane potential the propensity of this subpopulation to undergo cell fusion. Our findings show that polyploid ABCB5+ cells are generated by cell fusion and that this process is specifically enhanced by ABCB5 P-glycoprotein blockade. Remarkably, multinucleated cell hybrids gave rise to mononucleated progeny, demonstrating that fusion contributes to culture growth and differentiation. Thus, our findings define a molecular mechanism for cell fusion involving progenitor cells and show that fusion and resultant growth and differentiation are not merely spontaneous events, but phenomena regulated by ABCB5 P-glycoprotein.
Potassium silver thiocyanate (2001)

The structure of K[Ag(SCN)2] forms a three-dimensional network consisting of seven-coordinated K atoms and four-coordinated Ag atoms connected together by bridging thio­cyanate groups.
A subset of anti‐CD21 antibodies promote the rescue of germinal center B cells from apoptosis (1993)

Germinal center cells (GCC) are programmed to die by apoptosis unless they receive a positive signal for rescue. The primary signal in vivo is believed to be dependent on interaction with antigen held as immune complexes on follicular dendritic cells (FDC), a subset of which express large amounts of CD23, a low-affinity receptor for IgE. Recombinant soluble CD23 (sCD23) and interleukin-1 have been found to potentiate the survival of GCC in vitro. Recently, CD23 was shown to interact specifically with a ligand other than IgE, namely CD21 (CR2/Epstein-Barr virus receptor). In the present study, we show that a subset of anti-CD21 monoclonal antibodies behave similarly to soluble CD23 in their effect on GCC inasmuch as they: (i) diminish the occurrence of apoptosis; (ii) promote a plasmacytoid appearance in rescued cells; (iii) up-regulate expression of the Bcl-2 proto-oncogene. These findings indicate that FDC-derived CD23 exerts its effects on GCC via CD21.
Porcelain Gallbladder and Risk of Gallbladder Cancer (2011)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Surgery HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Surgery journal
Effect of Parathion-Methyl on Amazonian Fish and Freshwater Invertebrates: A Comparison of Sensitivity with Temperate Data (2009)

Parathion-methyl is an organophosphorous insecticide that is widely used in agricultural production sites in the Amazon. The use of this pesticide might pose a potential risk for the biodiversity and abundance of fish and invertebrate species inhabiting aquatic ecosystems adjacent to the agricultural fields. Due to a lack of toxicity data for Amazonian species, safe environmental concentrations used to predict the ecological risks of parathion-methyl in the Amazon are based on tests performed with temperate species, although it is unknown whether the sensitivity of temperate species is representative for those of Amazonian endemic species. To address this issue, the acute toxic effect (LC(50)-96 h) of parathion-methyl was assessed on seven fish and five freshwater invertebrate species endemic to the Amazon. These data were used to compare their pesticide sensitivity with toxicity data for temperate species collected from the literature. The interspecies sensitivity was compared using the Species Sensitivity Distribution (SSD) concept. The results of this study suggest that Amazonian species are no more, or less, sensitive to parathion-methyl than their temperate counterparts, with LC(50) values ranging from 2900 to 7270 microg/L for fish and from 0.3 to 319 microg/L for freshwater arthropods. Consequently, this evaluation supports the initial use of toxicity data of temperate fish and freshwater invertebrate species for assessing the effects of parathion-methyl on Amazonian freshwater ecosystems.
Maximizing the spectral efficiency of Stokes vector receiver with optical field recovery (2018)

Stokes vector receivers (SVR) bridge the 4-D (i.e. dual-polarization complex signals) coherent detection and the conventional intensity-only 1-D direct detection (DD). By multi-dimensional polarization modulation in Stokes space, SVR maximizes the electrical spectral efficiency (ESE) of DD receivers by recovering at most 3-D signals. However, most 3-D schemes lack the capability of optical field recovery, an essential requirement for digital post-compensation of fiber dispersion that elongates the achievable distance. We propose a 3-D Stokes-space field modulation to enable 3-D signal field recovery, verified by a 3-D 32-Gbaud per dimension probabilistic-constellation-shaped 64-QAM transmission over 260-km fiber at C-band. This sets an ESE record of 16.5 (net ESE of 13.9) bit/s/Hz for DD receivers.
Transluminal Catheter Implanted Prosthetic Heart Valves (1998)

Implantation of prosthetic heart valves requires open heart surgery. Recently, two new artificial heart valves have been developed for implantation by a transluminal catheter technique without using thoracotomy or extracorporal circulation. A balloon-expandable, biological stent valve was developed in Europe and implanted in 70–80 kg pigs. Implantation was performed in the descending thoracic aorta (n=6), in the ascending aorta (n=5), and in the left ventricular outflow tract (n=4). A mechanical cage-ball, self-expandable stent valve was developed in the USA and implanted in 21–27 kg dogs in the left ventricular outflow tract (n=12). Acute hemodynamic and angiographic studies showed that catheter implantation of artificial heart valves is feasible and the valves were competent. Complications were related to partial restriction of coronary flow caused by the biological valve, and embolization of parts of the mechanical valve. However, these early experimental studies indicate that the development of a biological and a mechanical-prosthetic aortic valve for transcatheter placement is feasible.
White transparent organic light-emitting diodes with high top and bottom color rendering indices (2015)

Reported in this work is the fabrication of white transparent organic light-emitting diodes (TOLEDs) with high color rendering indices (CRIs). An architecture in which the green and red emission layers are sandwiched between two blue emissions layers was used. By tuning the thicknesses of the green and red emission layers, CRI and power efficiency values of 90/20.5 and 87/6.8 lm/W were achieved in the bottom and top emissions, respectively. The study results suggest an effective engineering approach for realizing high CRI white TOLED lighting sources.
The Effects of the MgO Support and Alkali Doping on the CO Interaction with Au (2009)

First-principle calculations have been performed to examine the CO interaction with unsupported and supported Au clusters on a (001) MgO surface. It is found that the support plays a minor role on the CO chemisorption on the edge and corners of the supported clusters, induces minor structural changes, and transfers a small charge to the clusters. Linear relationships for the CO binding energy vs the Au atom coordination number are found. The support strengthens the physisorption of CO on some planar sites of the clusters. It is found that small supported Au clusters behave like molecules, and classical concepts (e.g., the expansive strain of metals) may not be appropriate to describe adsorption. Alkali doping of the structures is also investigated. We found that the presence of two alkali metals deforms completely the gold clusters. Upon alkali doping, no linear relationships for the CO binding energy vs the Au coordination number are found.
Simulated influence of drought incidence on conventional and marker-assisted selection in sorghum breeding (2002)

Pancreaticoduodenectomy is curative in 80% of patients with node-negative ampullary carcinomas. Once 3-year survival is reached, long-term survival can be expected.
A geometric approach to strategic conflict detection and resolution [ATC] (2003)

Conflict detection and resolution (CD and R) systems predict loss of separation between aircraft and propose conflict avoidance maneuvers for the aircraft involved in the conflict. Given a pair of aircraft in conflict, the ownship and the intruder, the resolution system diverts the ownship from its original trajectory. In this paper, we introduce the concept of recovery course. A recovery course redirects the ownship to its original target waypoint without introducing new conflicts, in a geometric optimal way. Based on resolution and recovery concepts, we also develop a strategic CD and R approach that produces conflict-free flight plans for the ownship and the intruder aircraft. The resolution and recovery algorithm is computationally efficient and amenable to formal verification. We provide a rigorous analysis of the problem and the basis of the correctness proof of our approach.
In vivo delayed clearance of Plasmodium falciparum malaria independent of kelch13 polymorphisms and with escalating malaria in Bangladesh (2021)

Abstract The emergence of resistance to artemisinin drugs threatens global malaria control. Resistance is widely seen in South East Asia (SEA) and Myanmar, but not comprehensively assessed in Bangladesh. This is due to lack of measuring parasite clearance times in response to drug treatment, a gold standard used to track artemisinin resistance (AR), in the Chittagong Hill Tracts (CHT), where &gt;90% of malaria occurs in Bangladesh. Here we report delay in clinical parasite clearance half-lives &gt; 5 h characteristic of AR, in Bandarban, a south-eastern rural, CHT district with escalating malaria and bordering Myanmar. Thirty-one and 68 malaria patients respectively presented in the clinic in 2018 and 2019, and this increase well correlated to the district-level malaria surge and rise in rainfall, humidity and temperature. A total of 27 patients with uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria mono-infection, after administration of an artemisinin combination therapy (ACT) showed median (range) parasite clearance half-life and time of 5.6 (1.5 – 9.6) and 24 (12–48) hours (h) respectively. The frequency distribution of parasite clearance half-life and time was bimodal, with a slower parasite clearance of 8 h in 20% of the participants. There was however, no detectable parasitemia 72 h after initiating ACT. Half-life clearance of &gt; 5h, respectively seen in 35% and 40% of participants in 2018 and 2019, lacked in correlation to initial parasitemia, blood count parameters or resistance mutations of PfKelch13 (K13, the major parasite marker of AR). Culture adapted strains await assessment of in vitro resistance and new parasite determinants of AR.
Magnetic Field Effects on the Emission from the B State of Gaseous Halogen and Interhalogen Molecules (1998)

Magnetic field effects on the emission from the B3Π0+u state of Br2 and Cl2 and the B3Π0+ state of IBr and ICl have been investigated with the aid of excitation spectroscopy under various external magnetic fields up to 7.5 kG. The magnetic quenching was observed for all the investigated vibrational levels of Br2 and the v‘ = 2 level of IBr, whereas no detectable magnetic quenching was observed for the other levels of IBr and for all the investigated levels of Cl2 and ICl. The magnetic shortening of emission lifetimes was also observed for Br2. A linear relationship was found between the magnetic quenching efficiency and the magnetic shortening efficiency. From this it is derived that the former can be represented by the ratio of magnetically induced increment in the nonradiative decay rate to the intrinsic decay rate. This relation can explain the observed dependence of magnetic quenching of Br2 and IBr upon vibrational and rotational levels. The magnetic quenching efficiency observed for Br2 and IBr was found to be linearly dependent upon the square of the magnetic field strength. This indicates that the observed magnetic quenching is caused by the direct mechanism.
Breakthroughs in Photonics 2013: X-Ray Optics (2014)

This review discusses the latest advances in extreme ultraviolet/X-ray optics development, which are motivated by the availability and demands of new X-ray sources and scientific and industrial applications. Among the breakthroughs highlighted are the following: i) fabrication, metrology, and mounting technologies for large-area optical substrates with improved figure, roughness, and focusing properties; ii) multilayer coatings with especially optimized layer properties, achieving improved reflectance, stability, and out-of-band suppression; and iii) nanodiffractive optics with improved efficiency and resolution.