gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Building Subcomponents in the Cooperative Coevolution Framework for Training Recurrent Neural Networks: Technical Report (2009)

Cooperative coevolution decomposes a large problem into its subcomponents and uses evolutionary algorithms for solving them in order to gradually solve the large problem. This paper uses cooperative coevolution framework for training recurrent neural networks for grammatical inference problems. In the past, di erent encoding schemes were used to build subcomponents from the neural network for the cooperative coevolution framework. This work proposes a new encoding scheme for building subcomponents which is based on the functional properties of a neuron and compares it with the best encoding scheme from literature. All subcomponents in their respective cooperative coevolution framework employ the G3-PCX evolutionary algorithm. The results show the the proposed encoding scheme for building subcomponents achieves better performance, although, it has a lower level of modularity when compared to the CC framework used from literature. The level of modularity of the proposed encoding scheme further enables it to have smaller number of function evaluations in the initialisation stage when compared to their previous counterparts. The approach is further used for long-term dependency problems and demonstrates to learn from strings lengths of up to 500 time lags.
An Outlook for Radical Aero Engine Intercooler Concepts (2016)

A state of the art turbofan engine has an overall efficiency of about 40%, typically composed of a 50% thermal and an 80% propulsive efficiency. Previous studies have estimated that intercooling may improve fuel burn on such an engine with a 3–5% reduction depending on mission length. The intercooled engine benefits stem firstly from a higher Overall Pressure Ratio (OPR) and secondly from a reduced cooling flow need. Both aspects relate to the reduced compressor exit temperature achieved by the intercooler action. A critical aspect of making the intercooler work efficiently is the use of a variable intercooler exhaust nozzle. This allows reducing the heat extracted from the core in cruise operation as well as reducing the irreversibility generated on the intercooler external surface which arises from bypass flow pressure losses. In this respect the improvements, higher OPR and lower cooling flow need, are achieved indirectly and not by directly improving the underlying thermal efficiency. This paper discusses direct methods to further improve the efficiency of intercooled turbofan engines, either by reducing irreversibility generated in the heat exchanger or by using the rejected heat from the intercooler to generate useful power to the aircraft. The performance improvements by using the nacelle wetted surface to replace the conventional intercooler surface is first estimated. The net fuel burn benefit is estimated at 1.6%. As a second option a fuel cooled intercooler configuration, operated during the climb phase, is evaluated providing a net fuel burn reduction of 1.3%. A novel concept that uses the rejected heat to generate additional useful power is then proposed. A secondary cycle able to convert rejected intercooler heat to useful thrust is used to evaluate three possible scenarios. The two first cases investigate the impact of the heat transfer rate on the SFC reduction. As a final consideration the geared intercooled engine cycle is re-optimized to maximize the benefits of the proposed heat recovery system. The maximum SFC improvement for the three cycles is established to 2%, 3.7% and 3%.
Dispersal in Female White-Tailed Deer (1992)

Seven of 35 yearling female white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) in a migratory herd in northeastern Minnesota dispersed 18–168 km from natal ranges during late May through June. Dispersal as a proximate event appears voluntary and independent of deer density.
Risk of autoimmune diseases in patients with RASopathies: systematic study of humoral and cellular immunity (2021)

Abstract Abnormalities of the immune system are rarely reported in patients affected by RASopathies. Aim of the current study was to investigate the prevalence of immune system dysfunction in a cohort of patients affected by RASopathies. Study Design. A cohort of 69 patients was enrolled: 60 at the Federico II University, Naples, 7 at University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 2 at “ScuolaMedicaSalernitana”, Salerno. An age- and sex-matched control group was also enrolled. Autoimmune disorders were investigated in the study cohort according to international consensus criteria. Immune framework was also evaluated by immunoglobulin levels,CD3, CD4, CD8, CD19, CD56 lymphocyte subpopulations, autoantibodies levels and panel of inflammatory molecules, in both patients and controls. Results. Frequent upper respiratory tract infections were recorded in 2 patients; pneumonia, psoriasis and alopecia in single patients. Low IgA levels were detected in 8/44 patients (18.18%),low CD8 T cells in 13/35 patients (37.14%).Anti-tg and anti-TPO antibodies were detected in 3/24 patients (12.5%), anti r-TSH in 2 cases (8.33%), all in euthyroidism. Serum IgA and CD8 levels were significantly lower in patients than in controls (p 0,00685; p 0,000656 respectively). All tested patients showed increased inflammatory molecules compared to controls. These findings may anticipate the detection of overt autoimmune disease. Conclusions . Patients affected by RASopathiesare at risk to develop autoimmune disorders. Routine screening for autoimmunity is recommendedin patients with RASopathy.
STANDARDISATION OF BRIDGE SUPERSTRUCTURE DESIGN (1992)

The author describes progress in the development of standards for bridge superstructure design in India. The advantages of standardisation are first outlined. Early standards covering solid slabs, T beams, and the revisions due to the use of high yield strength deformed bars are outlined. New standards were required because of new rules concerning bridge dimensions and because of the poor condition of bridges built using the old standards. These new standards were brought out in 1991 and covered: a) RCC solid slabs with and without footpaths (3-10m); b) RCC T beam-cum-slab with and without footpaths (10-24m); and d) PSC girder-cum-RCC slab composite superstructures with and without footpaths (30-40m spans). The special features of the new standards are listed. A particular feature is the provision for an additional 20% prestressing during the life of the bridge.
The Influence of Selected Parameters on the Size and Shape of Alginate Beads Prepared by Ionotropic Gelation (2008)

Many bead biopharmaceutical characteristics are dependent on the bead shape. Furthermore, the shape is one of crucial parameters for incorporation of beads in more complex drug delivery system. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of various processing parameters such as hardening time, temperature and concentration of calcium chloride solution and drying conditions on size, shape and morphology of alginate beads prepared by ionotropic gelation method. Theophylline was selected as a model drug. It was found that all studied parameters markedly affected bead form, resembling in most cases to ellipsoid spheres. Their sphericity was estimated three-dimensionally by measuring diameters of frontal and lateral side which were perpendicular to each other. Smaller and more spherical beads were obtained at longer hardening time and higher temperature of calcium chloride solution. The freeze-dried beads were the largest and the most spherical. It was demonstrated that optimization of bead shape as well as size and morphology could be achieved by altering processing parameters.
The usefulness of the decellularized matrix from three-dimensional regenerative cartilage as a scaffold material (2020)

In cartilage tissue engineering, research on materials for three-dimensional (3D) scaffold has attracted attention. Decellularized matrix can be one of the candidates for the scaffold material. In this study, decellularization of regenerated cartilage was carried out and its effectiveness as a scaffold material was examined. Three-dimensionally-cultured cartilage constructs in the differentiation medium containing IGF-1 produced more cartilage matrix than those in the proliferation medium. Detergent-enzymatic method (DEM) could decellularize 3D-cultured cartilage constructs only by 1 cycle without breaking down the structure of the constructs. In vitro, newly-seeded chondrocytes were infiltrated and engrafted into decellularized constructs in the proliferation medium, and newly formed fibers were observed around the surface where newly-seeded cells were attached. Recellularized constructs could mature similarly as those without decellularization in vivo. The decellularized 3D-cultured matrix from regenerative cartilage is expected to be used as a scaffold material in the future.
A modified SPIN for wireless sensor networks (2011)

Data transmission is one of the major challenges in wireless sensor network (WSN). Different routing protocols have been proposed to save energy during data transmission in WSN. Routing protocols based on data-centric approach are suitable in this context that performs in-network aggregation of data to yield energy saving data dissemination. In this paper we propose a modified version of SPIN protocol named M-SPIN and compare its performance with traditional SPIN protocol using broadcast communication, which is a well known protocol as benchmark. We evaluate the M-SPIN protocol using simulation in TOSSIM environment. We find that, M-SPIN exhibits significant performance gains than traditional SPIN routing.
Nucleosid‐5′‐carbonsäureester als Modelle für die Konformationsanalyse von Nucleosiden und Nucleotiden (1972)

Abstract NMR‐Studien an den Nucleosid‐5′‐carbonsäureestern 5 – 8 führen zum Auffinden von zwei Rotameren in Bezug auf die glykosidische Bindung. Als Methode zur Unterscheidung zwischen diesen syn ‐ und anti ‐Konformeren wird der Einfluß der durch die Rotationshinderung bedingten konformativen Chiralität auf diastereotope Protonen herangezogen. Die Schlußfolgerungen werden durch ORD‐ und IR‐Spektren unterstützt. Es werden Verfahren zur Veresterung der Nucleosid‐5′‐carbonsäuren 1 – 4 beschrieben.
Delayed‐type hypersensitivity‐induced increase in vascular permeability in the mouse small intestine: inhibition by depletion of sensory neuropeptides and NK1 receptor blockade (1995)

1. This study investigates the effects of capsaicin-induced depletion of sensory neuropeptides and of neurokinin1 (NK1) receptor blockade on delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH)-induced changes of vascular permeability in the small intestine of the mouse. 2. The DTH reaction in the small intestine was elicited by dinitrofluorobenzene (DNFB)-contact sensitization followed by oral dinitrobenzene sulphonic acid (DNBS) challenge. To assess vascular leakage the accumulation of the plasma marker, Evans blue (EB), was measured 2, 24 and 48 h after the challenge. 3. The small intestinal DTH reaction was characterized by a significant increase in vascular permeability 24 h after the challenge of previously sensitized mice when compared to vehicle-sensitized mice (P < 0.05, ANOVA). Capsaicin-induced depletion of sensory neuropeptides, two weeks before the sensitization, completely inhibited the DTH-induced increase in small intestinal vascular permeability at 24 h (P < 0.05, ANOVA). Vehicle/control: 108.2 +/- 8.6 ng EB mg-1 dry weight; vehicle/DTH 207.8 +/- 25.1 ng EB mg-1 dry weight; capsaicin/control: 65.8 +/- 11.9 ng EB mg-1 dry weight; capsaicin/DTH: 84.3 +/- 7.6 ng EB mg-1 dry weight. 4. The tachykinins, substance P and neurokinin A (1.5 to 50 x 10(-11) mol per mouse, i.v.), induced an increase in vascular leakage in the small intestine of naive mice. The specific NK1 receptor antagonist, RP67580 (10(-9) mol per mouse, i.v.) was the most effective in reducing the substance P-induced plasma extravasation when compared with other NK receptor antagonists, FK224 and FK888. 5. Treatment of DNFB-sensitized mice with RP67580 (10-9 mol per mouse, i.v.) immediately before and 1 h after the DNBS challenge resulted in a significant reduction of the DTH-induced increase in vascular permeability at 24 h (vehicle/control: 107.5 +/- 8.8 ng EB mg-1 dry weight; RP67580/control:95.4 +/- 5.4 ng EB mg-1 dry weight; vehicle/DTH: 206.6 +/- 22.6 ng EB mg-1 dry weight; RP67580/DTH:132.6 +/- 13.6 ng EB mg-1 dry weight, P<0.05, ANOVA).6. These results suggest that sensory nerves are involved in the development of small intestinal DTH reactions in the mouse. NK1 receptors could play an important role in the initiation of the DTH-induced changes in vascular leakage.
A component-labeling algorithm using contour tracing technique (2005)

A new method for finding connected components frombinary images is presented in this article. The main stepof this method is to use a contour tracing technique todetect component contours and also to fill in interior areas.All the component points are traced by this algorithmin a single pass and are assigned either a new label orthe same label as their neighboring pixels. Experimentingon various types of document images (characters, pictures,newspapers, etc.), we find that our method outperformsthe other sequential methods using the equivalencetechnique. Our algorithm, moreover, is a method that notonly labels components but also extracts component contoursat the same time, which proves to be more usefulthan those algorithms that only label components.
Optimal Weld Design of Plug Repair in Reactor Pressure Vessel With 3D Computational Weld Modeling (2016)

A bottom mounted instrument (BMI) nozzle in a European nuclear pressure vessel experienced some cracking caused by primary water stress corrosion cracking (PWSCC). Rather than repair the nozzle a decision was made to place a plug over the nozzle hole since this particular instrument panel could be removed in the reactor. The plug repair will be installed remotely during an outage and consists of performing the welding from a location near the top of the vessel which is more than 20 meters away. This makes the design of the repair critical. This paper uses 3D computational weld analyses to design the repair. Considerations for the design include the possibility of repair welds, proper seating of the plug (distortion control), weld residual stress control, and load applications to the plug during the repair process. Computational weld modeling permitted a proper design to be realized and helped in the regulatory certification process for the plug repair. These are discussed in this paper.
Dexamethasone and methylprednisolone do not inhibit neuritic outgrowth while inhibiting outgrowth of fibroblasts from spiral ganglion explants (2008)

Dexamethasone gave the best result of the three corticosteroids tested for inhibiting fibroblast outgrowth while not inhibiting neurite outgrowth from the ganglion micro-explants. Media containing hrBDNF (10 ng/ml) stimulated significantly greater neurite outgrowth than outgrowth from control explants (p < 0.001). Ganglion micro-explants treated with dexamethasone (0.02 mg/ml) and methylprednisolone (0.5 mg/ml) provided the greatest inhibition of fibroblast outgrowth compared with control explants (p < 0.001).
Incorporation of automated buffer exchange empowers high-throughput protein and plasmid purification for downstream uses (2023)

The continued acceleration of time-to-market product development and rising demand for biotherapeutics have hastened the need for higher throughput within the biopharmaceutical industry. Automated liquid handlers (ALH) are increasingly popular due to flexible programming that enables processing of multiple samples with an array of functions. This flexibility is useful in streamlining research that requires chromatographic procedures to achieve product purity for downstream analysis. However, purification of biologics often requires additional off-deck buffer exchange steps due to undesirable elution conditions such as high acid or high salt content. Expanding the capability of ALHs to perform purification in sequence with buffer exchange would, therefore, increase workflow efficiency by eliminating the need for manual intervention, thus expediting sample preparation. Here we demonstrate two different automated purifications using pipet-based dispersive solid-phase extraction (dSPE). The first is an affinity purification of His-tagged proteins from bacterial lysate. The second is an anion-exchange purification of plasmid DNA. Both methods are followed by buffer exchange performed by an ALH. Percent recoveries for the three purified recombinant proteins ranged from 51 ± 1.2 to 86 ± 10%. The yields were inversely correlated to starting sample load and protein molecular weight. Yields for plasmid purification ranged between 11.4 ± 0.8 and 13.7 ± 0.9 µg, with the largest plasmid providing the highest yield. Both programs were rapid, with protein purification taking <80 min and plasmid purification <60 min. Our results demonstrate that high-quality, ready-to-use biologics can be obtained rapidly from a crude sample after two separate chromatographic processes without manual intervention.
Physical Properties of SnO2 Materials: II . Electrical Properties (1976)

Stannic oxide in its pure form is an n‐type wide‐bandgap semiconductor. Its electrical conduction results from the existence of point defects (native and foreign atoms) which act as donors or acceptors. Some unique properties of make the material useful for many applications. Therefore, increasing attention is being paid to studies on this oxide, especially on the methods of preparation, and its electrical and optical properties. The purpose of this series is to provide a general up‐to‐date review of the investigations carried out and to help identify important areas for further studies. The first part was concerned with the preparation and defect structure of single crystals, sintered polycrystalline samples, and thin films. In this part we review the electrical properties of these materials. The electrical properties of single crystals are well understood and the properties of sintered powder are similar to those of single crystals. However, those of films have not been explained satisfactorily up to the present time. They depend strongly on the manner of preparation and subsequent heat‐treatments in various ambients. In the third part, the optical properties of will be reviewed.
Myostatin Serum Levels in Heart Failure (2010)

We have carefully read the interesting article of George et al.1 and found some similarities, but also some differences, compared with our results.2,3 We assessed myostatin (MYOS) and MYOS pro-peptide precursor (pro-MYOS) serum levels by commercial ELISA in 70 heart failure (HF) patients [30 NYHA class I–II and 40 class III–IV; 66% of ischaemic aetiology, 10% with dilated cardiomyopathy; left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) 31.9 ± 12.3%] and analysed the relationship between these peptides and clinical parameters and prognosis.2,3 Similar to George et al.,1 we found no relationship between MYOS or pro-MYOS and clinical/demographic variables such as age, sex, LVEF, body mass index, HF duration, and treatment. In addition, we found no relationship between MYOS or pro-MYOS and NYHA functional class. Furthermore, mortality was not related with the serum levels of these peptides during a mean follow-up of 17.9 ± 1.3 months. In contrast, NT-proBNP and r2-TNF-alpha showed a highly significant relationship both with NYHA functional class and survival. Once more, no correlation was observed between these two markers and MYOS or pro-MYOS. We also assessed changes in MYOS serum levels over a median period of 225 days in 35 HF patients (NYHA functional class III, 94% and IV, 6%), and we found that changes in MYOS also showed no prognostic predictive value after a median follow-up of 893 days.4 In the absence of established normal levels of MYOS, we also analysed a pool of 11 healthy controls (63% male, mean age 66.9 ± 9.8 years).3 In contrast to the findings observed by George et al.1 assessing latent complex serum levels in healthy controls and patients with dilated cardiomyopathy, our HF patients had lower MYOS and pro-MYOS levels than controls. It may be that latent complex levels assessed by western blot1 and MYOS serum levels determined by ELISA2–4 actually measure different fragments of the protein that have different implications. On the other hand, it remains unclear how much MYOS serum levels correlate with cardiac and/or peripheral muscle tissue MYOS expression. As George et al. reported,1 we also observed very low pro-peptide levels in patients and healthy controls and found no correlation between MYOS and pro-MYOS. The absence of a relationship between serum MYOS and pro-MYOS levels and classical parameters of HF severity suggests that although this protein may actually participate in the muscle wasting secondary to HF, it cannot be considered a biomarker of HF severity. Further studies are needed to clarify the role of MYOS in HF patients.
Synthesis and Conformational Study of Alternating Poly(γ-benzyl D,L-glutamates) (1971)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis and Conformational Study of Alternating Poly(γ-benzyl D,L-glutamates)F. Heitz and G. SpachCite this: Macromolecules 1971, 4, 4, 429–432Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1971Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1971https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma60022a011https://doi.org/10.1021/ma60022a011research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views77Altmetric-Citations22LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Outcomes of a newer-generation cementless total knee arthroplasty design in patients less than 50 years of age (2017)

Cementless fixation of TKAs had excellent survivorship and functional and radiographic outcomes at midterm follow-up in patients younger than 50 years. Although longer follow-up is needed, these cementless TKA implants appear to provide promising results in younger patient populations.
Metal Forming Analysis (2001)

The introduction of numerical methods, particularly finite element (FE) analysis, represents a significant advance in metal forming operations. Numerical methods are used increasingly to optimize product design and deal with problems in metal forging, rolling, and extrusion processes. Metal Forming Analysis, first published in 2001, describes the most important numerical techniques for simulating metal forming operations. The first part of the book describes principles and procedures and includes numerous examples and worked problems. The remaining chapters focus on applications of numerical analysis to specific forming operations. Most of these results are drawn from the authors' research in the areas of metal testing, sheet metal forming, forging, extrusion, and similar operations. Sufficient information is presented so that readers can understand the nonlinear finite element method as applied to forming problems without a prior background in structural finite element analysis. Graduate students, researchers, and practising engineers will welcome this thorough reference to state-of-the-art numerical methods used in metal forming analysis.