gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Stimuli-Responsive Polymeric Nanovaccines Toward Next-Generation Immunotherapy (2023)

The development of nanovaccines that employ polymeric delivery carriers has garnered substantial interest in therapeutic treatment of cancer and a variety of infectious diseases due to their superior biocompatibility, lower toxicity and reduced immunogenicity. Particularly, stimuli-responsive polymeric nanocarriers show great promise for delivering antigens and adjuvants to targeted immune cells, preventing antigen degradation and clearance, and increasing the uptake of specific antigen-presenting cells, thereby sustaining adaptive immune responses and improving immunotherapy for certain diseases. In this review, the most recent advances in the utilization of stimulus-responsive polymer-based nanovaccines for immunotherapeutic applications are presented. These sophisticated polymeric nanovaccines with diverse functions, aimed at therapeutic administration for disease prevention and immunotherapy, are further classified into several active domains, including pH, temperature, redox, light and ultrasound-sensitive intelligent nanodelivery systems. Finally, the potential strategies for the future design of multifunctional next-generation polymeric nanovaccines by integrating materials science with biological interface are proposed.
Low-power fast (LPF) SRAM cell for write/read operation (2011)

Power consumption and Static noise margin (SNM) are most important parameters for memory design. The main source of power consumption in SRAM cell is due to large voltage swing on the bitlines during write operation. To reduce the power consumption and enhance the performance of the SRAM cell, we propose a Low-power fast (LPF) SRAM cell. The cell is simulated in terms of power, delay and read stability. The simulated result shows that the read and write power of the proposed cell is reduced up to 33% and 57.12% at 1.2V (in CMOS 0.12µm technology) respectively compared to the 6T cell. The read SNM of the LPF cell is 2x times of the conventional cell.
Comprehensive motion‐compensated highly accelerated 4D flow MRI with ferumoxytol enhancement for pediatric congenital heart disease (2015)

Flow, functional, and anatomical assessment in CHD with ferumoxytol-enhanced 4D flow is feasible and can be significantly improved using motion compensation and compressed sensing. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2016;43:1355-1368.
Variation and impact of polygenic hematologic traits in monogenic sickle cell disease (2022)

Several of the complications observed in sickle cell disease (SCD) are influenced by variation in hematologic traits (HT), such as fetal hemoglobin (HbF) level and neutrophil count. Previous large-scale genome-wide association studies carried out in largely healthy individuals have identified thousands of variants associated with HT, which have then been used to develop multi-ancestry polygenic trait scores (PTS). Here, we tested whether these PTS associate with HT in SCD patients and if they can improve statistical models associated with SCD-related complications. In 2,056 SCD patients, we found that the PTS predicted less HT variance than in non-SCD individuals of African ancestry. This was particularly striking at the Duffy/DARC locus, where we observed an epistatic interaction between the SCD genotype and the Duffy null variant (rs2814778) that led to a two-fold weaker effect on neutrophil count. PTS for these HT which are measured as part of routine practice were not associated with complications in SCD. In contrast, we found that a simple PTS for HbF that includes only six variants explained a large fraction of the phenotypic variation (20.5-27.1%), associated with acute chest syndrome and stroke risk, and improved the statistical modeling of the vaso-occlusive crisis rate. Using Mendelian randomization, we found that increasing HbF by 4.8% reduces stroke risk by 39% (P=0.0006). Taken together, our results highlight the importance of validating PTS in large diseased populations before proposing their implementation in the context of precision medicine initiatives.
On the information content of multiple view angle (MVA) images (1997)

Abstract Abstract This paper examines the potential to distinguish land cover types in digital images acquired at several different sensor view angles with respect to a fixed area on the Earth's surface. Images recorded by an airborne multispectral scanner over an area of arable farmland are used to generate four such multipleview-angle (MVA) datasets: each consists of data obtained at six sensor view angles in a single spectral waveband: green (0.52-0.605 mu m), red (0.63-0.69 mu m), near-infrared (0.76-0.90 mu m), and middle infrared (1.55-1.75 mu m), respectively.The data are initially presented in the form of single-band MVA false-colour composite images. These are used to illustrate the extent to which different surface materials can be distinguished visually in MVA data. The concept of MVA (cf.,multispectral) feature space is then introduced and the separability of different land cover types within it is explored. It is suggested that single-band MVA data contain two main components of statistical variance directional and spectral . Their relative contributions to the total statistical variance in single-band MVA data is assessed using linear correlation analysis and principal components analysis (PCA). It is shown that while the spectral component tends to dominate in all wavebands, particularly in the near-infrared, the directional component nevertheless provides an important means of distinguishing certain cover types. The implications of these findings are discussed in relation to the parameters used in current bidirectional reflectance distribution function (BDRF) models and the development of 'angular indices' for vegetation monitoring (cf., traditional multispectral vegetation indices).
Hematopoietic growth factors: Personalization of risks and benefits (2012)

A common side effect of cancer treatment is bone marrow suppression. The resulting myelosuppression and anemia can cause significant morbidity and mortality for patients. Agents such as granulocyte colony stimulating factors (GCSF) and erythropoietin stimulating agents (ESAs) may be helpful to ameliorate this depression of blood counts; however these agents have risks which also need to be carefully weighed.
Planar Bioadhesive Microdevices: A New Technology for Oral Drug Delivery (2014)

The oral route is the most convenient and least expensive route of drug administration. Yet, it is accompanied by many physiological barriers to drug uptake including low stomach pH, intestinal enzymes and transporters, mucosal barriers, and high intestinal fluid shear. While many drug delivery systems have been developed for oral drug administration, the physiological components of the gastro intestinal tract remain formidable barriers to drug uptake. Recently, microfabrication techniques have been applied to create micron-scale devices for oral drug delivery with a high degree of control over microdevice size, shape, chemical composition, drug release profile, and targeting ability. With precise control over device properties, microdevices can be fabricated with characteristics that provide increased adhesion for prolonged drug exposure, unidirectional release which serves to avoid luminal drug loss and enhance drug permeation, and protection of a drug payload from the harsh environment of the intestinal tract. Here we review the recent developments in microdevice technology and discuss the potential of these devices to overcome unsolved challenges in oral drug delivery.
507 RNAseq gene expression confirms the importance of GWAS associated risk genes in lupus nephritis (2021)

<h3>Background</h3> The era of GWAS studies identified over 90 SLE risk loci, while the genetic risk factors associated with lupus nephritis (LN) require further study. The absence of strong associations might reflect uncertainty about future LN status or insufficient coverage within the array. To highlight the importance of previously identified risk genes and pathways predisposing to LN, we investigated PBMC RNAseq data from a cohort of SLE patients followed for several years with and without biopsy-proven LN. <h3>Methods</h3> PBMC RNAseq data, including some longitudinal data, from 46 LN samples (30 patients) and 44 samples from SLE patients without LN (28 patients) were studied. The analysis of differentially expressed genes was performed using the limma R package. The reported LN genetic loci were collected from published data. The regularized logistic regression was used to select the most important genes. <h3>Results</h3> Comparing LN and non-LN samples, 109 genes were differentially expressed between groups (logFC 1.5, 5% FDR). The functional analysis identified genes related to glomerular membrane formation (COL4A3, COL9A3, MMP9), WNT signaling (WNT1, WNT7A, TPBG), and cell adhesion (FBLN7, ADAM23, TNFAIP6). To find the most informative genes to distinguish LN patients, we used 3 models based on: (1) differentially expressed genes, (2) GWAS reported genes, (3) a combination of the above. All models were based on the same 67 (70%) training and 23 (30%) testing sample sets and efficiently segregated LN patients (AUC 0.9, 0.8, and 0.9). Despite the equal efficiency of the first and the third model, the inclusion of IKZF1 and PRPF18 genes reduced the number of required predictor genes. <h3>Conclusion</h3> LN might be an initial presentation of SLE disease or can have a late-onset. The analysis of longitudinal samples helps classify SLE patients correctly and may be of predictive value. Polymorphism in IKZF1 was reported in association with several autoimmune diseases and found to relate to Th and dendritic cell activation. The PRPF18 gene encodes a pre-mRNA splicing factor. Interestingly, another polymorphism at that locus is highly associated with darker skin color in the African-American population, a group with high risk for severe lupus. As a limitation of our study is the relatively small number of participating SLE patients, additional patient data will be needed to confirm these results.
Dynamic Analysis of Plasticization Phenomenon: an Experimental Study of High-pressure CO2 Separation Using Modified Polysulfone Membrane (2017)

Abstract Natural gas is often coproduced with CO2 which need to be removed in order to increase the calorific value of the gas. High pressure membrane separation is one of the widely used technologies for this removal. However, one major challenge of high pressure operation is penetrant-induced plasticization phenomenon which is caused by increasing the feed pressure. High pressure gas permeation studies were performed to evaluate the plasticization response of a modified polysulfone membrane. This is necessary in order to establish the highest possible feed pressure which can be attained during CO2 removal without plasticization. Gas transport properties of the membrane were evaluated using permeation tests at pressure up to 57 bar. The dynamic evaluation of the response was done above and below the plasticization pressure using time-dependent permeation experiments over a period ranging from 5 hours to 1080 hours (45 days) at various pressures between 6 and 57 bar. The time-dependent permeability tests revealed a continuous decrease in permeability with time at pressure below the plasticization pressure but a continuous increase in permeability at pressure higher than the plasticization pressure. Generally, the overall results revealed that there is a certain pressure at which the two competing phenomena of physical aging and plasticization counter balance each other. This pressure was suspected to be at the plasticization pressure. It can be concluded that the economic advantage of high pressure operation is particularly true only if the membrane is maintained at an equilibrium pressure which coincides with the plasticization pressure.
Interfaces of Fe/Si multilayered films with a strong antiferromagnetic coupling analyzed by optical and magneto-optical spectroscopies (2001)

Fe/Si multilayered films (MLF) exhibiting a strong antiferromagnetic (AF) coupling were investigated by optical and magneto-optical (MO) spectroscopies. The results were compared with the computer-simulated spectra based on various structural models of MLF. It was shown that neither semiconducting FeSi2 nor ε-FeSi can be considered as the spacer layers in the Fe/Si MLF for the strong AF coupling. The optical properties of the spacer extracted from the effective optical response of the MLF strongly support its metallic nature. A reasonable agreement between experimental and simulated equatorial-Kerr-effect spectra was obtained with the fitted optical parameters of the spacer with the FeSi stoichiometry. Comparison of the extracted optical properties of the spacer with the calculated ones by using the first principles showed that a B2-phase metallic FeSi compound is spontaneously formed at the interfaces during deposition. For the Fe/Si system with ultrathin Fe and Si sublayers (thinner than 1 nm), our optical data indicate that the structure of the whole MLF is close to the amorphous and semiconducting ε-FeSi.
CDMA interference cancellation techniques using neural networks in Rayleigh channels (2013)

Neural network based Interference cancellers occupy a prominent place in the class of multi user detectors for CDMA.The present work focuses on the effect of pre-processing of the data fed to the neural networks in those receivers. The effect on bit error rate due to pre-processing is presented, with respect to a variation of signal to noise ratios and the number of parallel interference canceller stages. The work considered, Rayleigh multipath fading channel as the medium and DPSK as baseband modulation.
Generation of sheep with defined FecBB and TBXT mutations and porcine blastocysts with KCNJ5G151R/+ mutation using prime editing (2023)

Our study demonstrates the potential of the PE system to edit the genomes of large animals for the induction of economically desired mutations and for modeling human diseases. Although prime-edited sheep and porcine blastocysts could be generated, the editing frequencies are still unsatisfactory, highlighting the need for optimizations in the PE system for efficient generation of large animals with customized traits.
Design of a Hybrid RF Fingerprint Extraction and Device Classification Scheme (2018)

Radio frequency (RF) fingerprint is the inherent hardware characteristics and has been employed to classify and identify wireless devices in many Internet of Things applications. This paper extracts novel RF fingerprint features, designs a hybrid and adaptive classification scheme adjusting to the environment conditions, and carries out extensive experiments to evaluate the performance. In particular, four modulation features, namely differential constellation trace figure, carrier frequency offset, modulation offset and I/Q offset extracted from constellation trace figure, are employed. The feature weights under different channel conditions are calculated at the training stage. These features are combined smartly with the weights selected according to the estimated signal to noise ratio at the classification stage. We construct a testbed using universal software radio peripheral platform as the receiver and 54 ZigBee nodes as the candidate devices to be classified, which are the most ZigBee devices ever tested. Extensive experiments are carried out to evaluate the classification performance under different channel conditions, namely line-of-sight (LOS) and nonline-of-sight scenarios. We then validate the robustness by carrying out the classification process 18 months after the training, which is the longest time gap. We also use a different receiver platform for classification for the first time. The classification error rate is as low as 0.048 in LOS scenario, and 0.1105 even when a different receiver is used for classification 18 months after the training. Our hybrid classification scheme has thus been demonstrated effective in classifying a large amount of ZigBee devices.
Novelconvolution Based Signal Processing Techniques for a Simplified Artificial Olfactory Mucosa (2007)

As our understanding of the human olfactory system increases, so does our ability to design novel architectures in order to mimic the biological system. The concept of an artificial olfactory mucosa represents a new development in the field of biomimetics. Here we analyse the signals produced by such a biomimetic system that contain a spatio-temporal element not previously encountered within the field of machine olfaction or so-called electronic noses. This paper explores the use of convolution-based signal processing methodologies to exploit this richer data-set and ameliorate the well-known problems of sensor noise and drift. We show that, under certain conditions, an artificial mucosa combined with a convolution based classifier performs better than a conventional electronic nose.
Effects of System Time Delay as Humans Learn to Control Dynamic Systems (2018)

We present results from an experiment in which 22 human subjects each interact with a dynamic system 50 times over a one-week period. For each interaction, a subject is asked to perform a command-following task, which is the same task for all 50 of the subject's trials. However, the time delay of the dynamic system is increased twice during the 50 trials. We use the experimental results to examine the effects of system time delay on the subjects' performance, control strategies, and learning process. For example, we examine the effects of time delay on the subjects' step-command following performance (e.g., transient error, steady-state error, settling time). We also use subsystem identification to model the control strategies (feedback, feedforward, and feedback delay) that each subject uses on each trial of the experiment. The average identified feedforward controller approximates the inverses dynamics of the system with which the subject interacts better after numerous trials than on the first trial. In addition, increasing the system time delay tends to degrade the subjects' ability to approximate the inverse system dynamics in feedforward.
Multi-terminal electrical transport measurements of molybdenum disulphide using van der Waals heterostructure device platform (2014)

Atomically thin two-dimensional (2D) semiconductors such as molybdenum disulphide (MoS2) hold great promise in electrical, optical, and mechanical devices and display novel physical phenomena such as coupled spin-valley physics and the valley Hall effect. However, the electron mobility of mono- and few-layer MoS2 has so far been substantially below theoretically predicted limits, particularly at low temperature (T), which has hampered efforts to observe its intrinsic quantum transport behaviors. Potential sources of disorder and scattering include both defects such as sulfur vacancies in the MoS2 itself, and extrinsic sources such as charged impurities and remote optical phonons from oxide dielectrics. To reduce extrinsic scattering and approach the intrinsic limit, we developed a van der Waals (vdW) heterostructure device platform where MoS2 layers are fully encapsulated within hexagonal boron nitride (hBN), and electrically contacted in a multi-terminal geometry using gate-tunable graphene electrodes. Multi-terminal magneto-transport measurements show dramatic improvements in performance, including a record-high Hall mobility reaching 34,000 cm2/Vs for 6-layer MoS2 at low T. Comparison to theory shows a decrease of 1-2 orders of magnitude in the density of charged impurities, indicating that performance at low T in previous studies was limited by extrinsic factors rather than defects in the MoS2. We also observed Shubnikov-de Haas (SdH) oscillations for the first time in high-mobility monolayer and few-layer MoS2. This novel device platform therefore opens up a new way toward measurements of intrinsic properties and the study of quantum transport phenomena in 2D semiconducting materials.
Finite Element Model Correlation for Offshore Structures (1992)

Agreement between measured response of an offshore structure and numerical predictions using an initial finite element model (IFEM) is in general poor. An algorithm is developed, which produces an updated finite element model (UFEM) that is fully correlated with respect to modal and static deflection measurements. An incremental nonlinear methodology based on large admissible perturbations in cognate space is used to produce the UFEM by postprocessing results of the initial FEA. No other FEA or trial and error are required. Iterations within each increment are used only to correct for dependence of hydrodynamic excitation on correlation variables. The UFEM corresponds to a real structure and may differ from the IFEM in response and correlation variables by 100–300 percent depending on correlation measures and structural size. Several numerical applications for three offshore structures are used to assess the strength, limitations, and cost of the large perturbation methodology.
Catalysis from A to Z: a concise encyclopedia (2013)

TOPICS INCLUDED: catalysts - heterogeneous, homogeneous, acid, base ligands biocatalysis catalytic reactions in organic synthesis kinetics and thermodynamics of catalytic reactions catalyst labelling theoretical backgrounds of catalytic reactions industrial catalytic processes stereoselective catalysis autoclaves colloids nanomaterials spectroscopical methods for catalyst analysis radicals enzymatic catalysis vitamins
Differential Additive Effects of Endothelial Lipase and Scavenger Receptor-Class B Type I on High-Density Lipoprotein Metabolism in Knockout Mouse Models (2004)

EL and SR-BI are major genetic determinants of HDL metabolism in vivo, each exercising independent and additive effects on HDL structure and function.
Durability of Preformed Thermoplastic Pavement Markings for Horizontal Signing Applications (2006)

The results of two-year durability tests of preformed thermoplastic pavement marking materials are reported. A survey of material manufacturers is also presented. Pavement marking materials in the form of transverse lines, arrowheads, and sections of the letter S were installed at test decks on three Texas roadways. Small square sections of colored pavement marking materials were also tested for some of the manufacturers. Manufacturers’ representatives performed the installations. Three types of pavement surface were tested: concrete, asphalt, and seal coat. Retroreflectivity and color measurements of the materials were made at the time of installation, after one year, and after two years. Thickness of the material was measured prior to installation and at the same time intervals using video microscopy of samples chiseled from the roadway.
The First Autonomous Agents Conference (1998)

The First International Conference on Autonomous Agents brought together researchers concerned with implementing systems that perceive and act in dynamic, unpredictable environments, that coordinate interoperation among complementary component capabilities, and that perform significant jobs with a high degree of autonomy.