gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Sampling the structure and chemical order in assemblies of ferromagnetic nanoparticles by nuclear magnetic resonance (2016)

Assemblies of nanoparticles are studied in many research fields from physics to medicine. However, as it is often difficult to produce mono-dispersed particles, investigating the key parameters enhancing their efficiency is blurred by wide size distributions. Indeed, near-field methods analyse a part of the sample that might not be representative of the full size distribution and macroscopic methods give average information including all particle sizes. Here, we introduce temperature differential ferromagnetic nuclear resonance spectra that allow sampling the crystallographic structure, the chemical composition and the chemical order of non-interacting ferromagnetic nanoparticles for specific size ranges within their size distribution. The method is applied to cobalt nanoparticles for catalysis and allows extracting the size effect from the crystallographic structure effect on their catalytic activity. It also allows sampling of the chemical composition and chemical order within the size distribution of alloyed nanoparticles and can thus be useful in many research fields.
The chemical shift index: a fast and simple method for the assignment of protein secondary structure through NMR spectroscopy (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe chemical shift index: a fast and simple method for the assignment of protein secondary structure through NMR spectroscopyD. S. Wishart, B. D. Sykes, and F. M. RichardsCite this: Biochemistry 1992, 31, 6, 1647–1651Publication Date (Print):February 18, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 18 February 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/bi00121a010https://doi.org/10.1021/bi00121a010research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views7170Altmetric-Citations1723LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Etude de systèmes de radiocommunications (2007)

La complexité des systèmes radios actuels comme futurs, couplée à la nécessité pour un étudiant ou un élève ing énieur, issu du domaine de l'electrical engineering et/ou des télécommunications d'accéder à une formation adaptée à son futur métier, impose aux établissements de se doter de moyens matériels et logiciels ambitieux, à la pointe des nouvelles technologies. Les élèves-ingénieurs des départements Génie Electrique et Télécommunications de l'INSA de Lyon disposent maintenant des techniques les plus avancées en conception, modélisation et test de systèmes de radiocommunications. Nous présentons dans cet article une plate-forme transversale dédiée à l'étude de ces systèmes qui permet aux élèves d'appréhender les défis majeurs liés aux nouvelles technologies existantes ou futures qui sont axés principalement sur les performances de l'interface radio (bruit, sensibilité, stabilité, cadence d'échantillonnage) et sur les processus algorithmiques (traitement et analyse du signal à une cadence élevée). Deux sujets pratiques destinés aux étudiants de 5ème année (étudiants INSA) et de 2nd année de MASTER (étudiants hors INSA) sont finalement présentés. Ils traitent pour le premier des algorithmes SIMO appliqués aux récepteurs multi-standards et pour le second sujet de l'influence des imperfections des différents blocs radiofréquences d'une liaison radio WLAN (Wireless Local Area Network) 802.11g sur les performances globales.
Protease inhibitors (2013)

The treatment of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection by a combination of pegylated interferon (IFN) and ribavirin (PR), according to early viral kinetics, leads to a sustained virologic response (SVR) in more than 50% of patients with chronic infection [1]. The SVR corresponds to a complete recovery of the infection resulting in the inactivation of necroinflammation, which allows the reversibility of fibrosis and even of ‘early’ cirrhosis, in the absence of hepatic comorbidities. More than 85% of genotype 2-, 75% of genotype 3- and 65% of genotype 4-infected patients achieve SVR, but more than 50% of genotype 1-infected patients do not. A better understanding of the HCV viral cycle and the characterization of the major viral enzymes involved in the replication process have revealed several potential innovative viral or host drug targets. The viral targets (NS3/4 serine protease; NS5A [a component of the replication complex]; NS5B [the RNA polymerase]) resulted in the development of new direct-acting antiviral drugs. Each direct-acting antiviral class appears to have some characteristic features, including: limited (e.g., first-generation NS3/NS4A protease inhibitors) or broad (macrocyclic NS3/NS4A protease inhibitors despite poor/no activity against genotype 3, NS5A and NS5B polymerase inhibitors) genotype/subtype coverage; a low-to-medium barrier to resistance (except for the NS5B nucleos[t]ide inhibitors); and a potential for CYP450-mediated drug–drug interactions (except for NS5B nucleos[t]ide or non-nucleos[t]ide inhibitors). Other nonspecific antivirals are also in development (e.g., new IFNs and cyclophilin inhibitors). In this chapter, we summarize the main results of the Phase III trials of the first-generation protease inhibitors, which clearly demonstrated a 20–30% increase in the SVR rate of genotype 1-infected patients (either naive or treatment experienced) with protease inhibitors.
Reductions of threshold for a mid-infrared optical parametric oscillator by an intracavity optical amplifier (2003)

We demonstrate that the threshold for a mid-IR optical parametric oscillator based on periodically poled LiNbO3 is significantly reduced by the introduction of an optical amplifier inside the cavity. Thresholds as low as 8 mW and a tuning range of 3.0-4.2 microm were attained for stable single-mode operation.
Induction of Growth Factors in Rat Cardiac Tissue by X Irradiation (2000)

To investigate the relationship between angiogenic growth factors and endothelial enzyme activity in capillaries after injury of rat cardiomyocytes caused by X irradiation, 7-week-old male Wistar rats were anesthetized with pentobarbitone and their hearts irradiated (X rays, 20 Gy) through a hole in the lead casing in which they were enclosed. The hearts were excised at 1 h, 1 week and 3 weeks after irradiation. Left ventricular cross sections were stained for capillary enzymes by double staining for two endothelial enzymes, alkaline phosphatase (AP) and dipeptidylpeptidase IV (DPP), immunohistochemically stained for basic fibroblast growth factor (Fgf, also known as bFgf) and vascular endothelial growth factor (Vegf), and stained for nick end-labeling of DNA by the TUNEL method. Staining for distribution of AP in the arteriolar portion was reduced at both 1 and 3 weeks after irradiation with 20 Gy, but staining for DPP in the venular portion was unchanged, suggesting a close relationship between growth factors and injury of the arteriolar capillary portion. Fgf and Vegf proteins were present within the cytoplasm of the cardiomyocytes, or around capillaries, 1 h, 1 week and 3 weeks after irradiation. Many TUNEL-stained cardiomyocyte nuclei were observed at 1 h, but they had decreased markedly at 1 week and had almost disappeared by 3 weeks after irradiation. Thus Fgf and Vegf were induced concomitantly with the decrease in the staining for endothelial AP by 20 Gy X irradiation, which also caused microeffects as indicated by TUNEL staining of many nuclei at 1 h postirradiation.
A Decentralized Hierarchical Control Structure and Self-Optimizing Control Strategy for F-P Type DGs in Islanded Microgrids (2015)

A decentralized and self-optimizing control strategy is proposed for the frequency-power droop type distributed generators (DGs). The main characteristics of the proposed control strategy are the following: 1) it is hierarchical and fully decentralized, i.e., the functions of primary, secondary and tertiary frequency control can be realized locally, with the microgrid centralized controller making communication networks unnecessary and 2) it can make DGs share loads according to the equal incremental principle. Simulation results verify the effectiveness of the proposed control strategy.
Multi-parameter extraction from SOI photonic integrated circuits using circuit simulation and evolutionary algorithms (2015)

We propose a procedure to extract multiple parameters from the spectral characteristic of a single photonic integrated circuit. We applied the method on high order silicon Mach-Zehnder lattice filters:<sup>1</sup> these filters are realized by cascading delay stages and directional couplers of different length. Because of their cascaded nature and steep roll-off properties, these devices can be used to accurately extract properties of the waveguides and the directional couplers. The spectral transmission is measured between the inputs and the outputs. This result is compared to a full CAPHE optical circuit simulation with parametric behavioral models for the waveguide and the directional couplers. An evolutionary fitting algorithm based on the covariance matrix adaptation method is used to match the circuit simulation with the measurement. This black box approach gives us fast and accurate parameter extraction with a reduced number of iteration steps. The quadratic error between measurement and simulation of each iteration is used as feedback for the evolutionary algorithm that adapts the test values for the following step. The objective of our analysis is an accurate, wavelength-dependent model for the waveguide group index and the directional couplers. The proposed method has been used for wafer scale parameter extraction. Our fast method makes it possible to extract the parameters in real time, and correlate the functional parameters of the waveguides with process statistics collected during fabrication. The obtained parameters are in substantial agreement with the results of the simulations used in the design, and can be used to further improve behavioral models that correlate the manufacturing process data with the optical performance.
Generation of a Hypomorphic Model of Propionic Acidemia Amenable to Gene Therapy Testing (2013)

Propionic acidemia (PA) is a recessive genetic disease that results in an inability to metabolize certain amino acids and odd-chain fatty acids. Current treatment involves restricting consumption of these substrates or liver transplantation. Deletion of the Pcca gene in mice mimics the most severe forms of the human disease. Pcca(-) mice die within 36 hours of birth, making it difficult to test intravenous systemic therapies in them. We generated an adult hypomorphic model of PA in Pcca(-) mice using a transgene bearing an A138T mutant of the human PCCA protein. Pcca(-/-)(A138T) mice have 2% of wild-type PCC activity, survive to adulthood, and have elevations in propionyl-carnitine, methylcitrate, glycine, alanine, lysine, ammonia, and markers associated with cardiomyopathy similar to those in patients with PA. This adult model allowed gene therapy testing by intravenous injection with adenovirus serotype 5 (Ad5) and adeno-associated virus 2/8 (AAV8) vectors. Ad5-mediated more rapid increases in PCCA protein and propionyl-CoA carboxylase (PCC) activity in the liver than AAV8 and both vectors reduced propionylcarnitine and methylcitrate levels. Phenotypic correction was transient with first generation Ad whereas AAV8-mediated long-lasting effects. These data suggest that this PA model may be a useful platform for optimizing systemic intravenous therapies for PA.
Corrigenda (1995)

S. C. Tsang, J. J. Davis, M. L. H. Green, H. A. O. Hill, Y. C. Leung, P. J. Sadler, F. Boutonnet, M. Zablocka, A. Igau, J. Jaud, J. Majoral, J. Schamberger, G. Erker, S. Werner and C. Krüger, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., 1995, 2579 DOI: 10.1039/C39950002579
Age Gelation, Sedimentation, and Creaming in UHT Milk: A Review (2018)

Demand for ultra-high-temperature (UHT) milk and milk protein-based beverages is growing. UHT milk is microbiologically stable. However, on storage, a number of chemical and physical changes occur and these can reduce the quality of the milk. These changes can be sufficiently undesirable so as to limit acceptance or shelf life of the milk. The most severe changes in UHT milk during storage are age gelation, with an irreversible three-dimensional protein network forming throughout, excessive sedimentation with a compact layer of protein-enriched material forming rapidly at the bottom of the pack, and creaming with excessive fat accumulating at the top. For age gelation, it is known that at least two mechanisms can lead to gelation during storage. One mechanism involves proteolytic degradation of the proteins through heat-stable indigenous or exogenous enzymes, destabilizing milk and ultimately forming a gel. The other mechanism is referred to as a physico-chemical mechanism. Several factors are known to affect the physico-chemical age gelation, such as milk/protein concentration, heat load during processing (direct compared with indirect UHT processes), and milk composition. Similar factors to age gelation are known to affect sedimentation. There are relatively few studies on the creaming of UHT milk during storage, suggesting that this defect is less common or less detrimental compared with gelation and sedimentation. This review focuses on the current state of knowledge of age gelation, sedimentation, and creaming of UHT milks during storage, providing a critical evaluation of the available literature and, based on this, mechanisms for age gelation and sedimentation are proposed.
ChemInform Abstract: DIE SELEKTIVE OXIDATION VON AETHYLBENZOLEN (1971)

Abstract Die Äthylbenzole (I) lassen sich in Gegenwart katalytischer Mengen von Silberionen mit Ammoniumdipersulfat zu den Acetophenonen (II) oxidieren.
n‐Channel Organic Transistors Processed from Halogen‐Free Solvents: Solvent Effect on Thin‐Film Morphology and Charge Transport (2016)

Abstract Non‐chlorinated solvents are highly preferable for organic electronic processing due to their environmentally friendly characteristics. Four different halogen‐free solvents, tetrafuran, toluene, meta‐xylene and 1,2,4‐trimethylbenzene, were selected to fabricate n‐channel organic thin film transistors (OTFTs) based on 3‐hexylundecyl substituted naphthalene diimides fused with (1,3‐dithiol‐2‐ylidene)malononitrile groups (NDI3HU‐DTYM2). The OTFTs based on NDI3HU‐DTYM2 showed electron mobility of up to 1.37 cm 2 ·V −1 ·s −1 under ambient condition. This is among the highest device performance for n‐channel OTFTs processed from halogen‐free solvents. The different thin‐film morphologies, from featureless low crystalline morphology to well‐aligned nanofibres, have a great effect on the device performance. These results might shed some light on solvent selection and the resulting solution process for organic electronic devices.
Refractory Sarcoid Arthritis in World Trade Center–Exposed New York City Firefighters (2015)

Chronic inflammatory polyarthritis appears to be an important manifestation of sarcoidosis in FDNY firefighters with sarcoidosis and WTC exposure. Their arthritis is chronic and, unlike arthritis in non-WTC-exposed sarcoid patients, inadequately responsive to conventional oral disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs, often requiring anti-tumor necrosis factor α agents. Further studies are needed to determine the generalizability of these findings to other groups with varying levels of WTC exposure or with other occupational/environmental exposures.
Preface—JES Focus Issue on Challenges in Novel Electrolytes, Organic Materials, and Innovative Chemistries for Batteries in Honor of Michel Armand (2020)

International audience
The effect of ethidium bromide on mobility of DNA fragments in agarose gel electrophoresis (1996)

Ethidium Bromide (EtBr) is sometimes added to running buffer during the separation of DNA fragments by agarose gel electrophoresis. It is used because upon binding of the molecule to the DNA and illumination with a UV light source, the DNA banding pattern can be visualized. The mode of binding of EtBr is intercalation between the base pairs. This binding changes the charge, weight, conformation, and flexibility of the DNA molecule. Since DNA molecules are sized by their relative movement through a gel compared to a molecular weight standard, mobility measurements can be critical to size determinations. After running two identical gels, one without EtBr and one with 0.25, 0.5, 0.75 or 1.0 microgram/mL EtBr in the running buffer, the mobilities of lambda HindIII DNA fragments were compared. The mobility of DNA was always less in the gels with EtBr. Using the reptation theory equation, which describes the mobility of DNA molecules through gel, changes in frictional coefficients were calculated. It was determined that the change in frictional coefficients brought about by the addition of EtBr is directly proportional to the fraction of base pairs of a fragment bound to EtBr. This change in friction is greatest in the largest fragments, which suggests that the stiffening of the molecule by the EtBr binding is the cause for the decreased mobility.
Environments and industries (2006)

affects a significant portion of the world economy--the direct cost of corrosion has been estimated to be 2% of the Gross World Product. Corrosion: and addresses how corrosion impacts specific segments of the world economy--by environment and by industrial sector. This Volume provides you with answers to corrosion problems affecting your industry, and provides ways to address corrosion issues in the environments that your equipment experiences. Over 250 leading authorities in the field of corrosion have written or reviewed articles in this Volume. This Volume completes the three-volume update of the landmark 1987 Metals Handbook volume on corrosion. The companion works are ASM Handbook, Volume 13A: Corrosion: Fundamentals, Testing, and Protection, and ASM Handbook, Volume 13B: Corrosion: Materials. These three volumes together provide a powerful resource for understanding corrosion and lessening the direct and indirect cost of corrosion. The Volume consists of two main sections:Corrosion in Specific Environments addresses a broad range of industrial and nonindustrial environments. Expanded coverage is provided on fresh water (including high-purity water systems), marine environments, underground environments, and the considerations in military environments. This section also has new articles on environments that range from cold climates to the environments that can degrade works of art in museums and collections. Corrosion in Specific Industries includes fossil fuel and nuclear power; land and air transportation, petrochemical; pulp and paper; microelectronics; and many more. Expanded coverage is provided for biomedical applications. This section will be of interest whether or not you are engaged in these specific industries. The lessons learned in these industries with regard to material selection and preventive measures have wide applications.
GaInAsP/InP multiple-quantum-wire lasers with narrow (14 nm) quantum-wire structure (2005)

GaInAsP/InP strain-compensated 5-stacked compressively strained quantum-wire lasers with the wire width of 14 nm in the period of 80 nm were realized by electron beam lithography, CH/sub 4//H/sub 2/-reactive ion etching and two-step organometallic vapor-phase-epitaxial growth. By adopting completely strain-compensating barriers, a smaller energy blue shift at the peak wavelength in spontaneous emission spectra was obtained than that in the case of partial strain-compensation, indicating the suppression of strain relaxation in the active regions and the surrounding InP layers. A lateral quantum confinement effect could be observed via sharper shape of the spontaneous emission spectrum than that of quantum-film lasers in the higher transition energy region. Threshold current density of 1.46 kA/cm/sup 2/ and differential quantum efficiency of 39% were also obtained under a pulsed condition at room temperature.
Congenital malformations and childhood cancer (2000)

Malformations might have some factors that inhibit or delay as well as promote the development of certain malignancies.
Dynamics of Virus-Receptor Interactions in Virus Binding, Signaling, and Endocytosis (2015)

During viral infection the first challenge that viruses have to overcome is gaining access to the intracellular compartment. The infection process starts when the virus contacts the surface of the host cell. A complex series of events ensues, including diffusion at the host cell membrane surface, binding to receptors, signaling, internalization, and delivery of the genetic information. The focus of this review is on the very initial steps of virus entry, from receptor binding to particle uptake into the host cell. We will discuss how viruses find their receptor, move to sub-membranous regions permissive for entry, and how they hijack the receptor-mediated signaling pathway to promote their internalization.
Radiative coupling in BGA packaging for mixed-signal and high-speed digital (2002)

Mixed signal packaging must provide high levels of isolation between analog, RF and digital partitions. This has in the past been done on the subsystem level. Future mixed-signal systems should provide this isolation on the package-level and, possibly even on the chip-level. Here we study package-level isolation, focusing on circuit and radiative coupling mechanisms in the ball-grid-array (BGA) environment. Double printed-wiring-board (PWB) test structures joined with BGA solder balls have been designed and fabricated. We have simulated full-wave coupling using 3D FEM simulation and circuit coupling using circuit simulation with 2D capacitance and inductance matrices. Time-domain coupling measurements on unshielded and shielded coupling structures have been performed and correlated with simulations. Based on this we have developed an understanding of circuit and radiative coupling in the BGA environment. Techniques to manage mixed-signal BGA isolation have been identified.