gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Study on the Trend of Land Use Based on System Dynamics (2009)

Based on the information of Guangzhou City's land use pattern provided by RS and GIS technique as well as the land use type transition probability matrix of 1990—2000,the dynamic model was developed with STELLA software to simulate possible land flows and predict the local land use structure.The results indicated that in the following ten years,the land use structure of Guangzhou City showed the trend of building land continual increasing while the cultivated land and un-used land continual decreasing.STELLA is a feasible method in modeling the temporal evolution of the spatial complex system.
Introduction (2017)

Abstract The introduction explains the book’s main premise that Katherine Dunham was an important intellectual and activist in the long black freedom struggle of the twentieth century. It argues that she made two primary contributions to this movement. First, she made dance a part of the fight for racial equality, asserting that embodied expressive culture was an important tool of liberation for people of African descent. Second, she emphasized the international dimensions of the movement, conceptualizing the African diaspora as the sphere for political activism against racism and oppression. The chapter delineates the various strategies Dunham employed, both onstage and off, to pursue her social justice goals. The introduction also acknowledges the dilemmas she poses to scholars who write about her, namely, her insistence on using the word “primitive” to describe her choreography and her conflicted feelings about the category of “black dance.”
Differential scanning calorimetry for studying polymerisation kinetics (1993)

LGRC
Rendezvous point relocation in protocol independent multicast - sparse mode (2003)

Protocol independent multicast - sparse mode is the most widely used multicast routing architecture. It builds a shared distribution tree centered at a rendezvous point and then builds source-specific trees for those sources whose data rate warrants it. Current implementations of the protocol decide on the rendezvous point administratively, which leads to congestion and delays. An attractive solution would be dynamic relocation of the rendezvous point depending on the members of the multicast group. We present a rendezvous point calculation and relocation mechanism for protocol independent multicast -sparse mode. Simulation of the proposed mechanisms is used to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposals.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS AND REACTIONS OF SOME PYRIDO(3,2‐G)QUINOLINES (1,8‐DIAZAANTHRACENES) (1984)

Abstract Durch Friedländer‐Kondensation der Phthalaldehyde (IV) mit den Ketonen (V) wurden die Diaza‐anthracene (VIa)‐(VId) und analog das Octahydrochino‐acridin (VII) dargestellt [die durch die Ortoleva‐King‐Reaktion des Dinitroxylols (II) zugängliche Vorstufe (III)′von (IV) ist bekannt, konnte aber in wesentlich verbesserter Ausb. erhalten werden].
Extraordinary Room-Temperature Photoluminescence in Triangular WS2 Monolayers (2012)

Individual monolayers of metal dichalcogenides are atomically thin two-dimensional crystals with attractive physical properties different from those of their bulk counterparts. Here we describe the direct synthesis of WS2 monolayers with triangular morphologies and strong room-temperature photoluminescence (PL). The Raman response as well as the luminescence as a function of the number of S-W-S layers is also reported. The PL weakens with increasing number of layers due to a transition from direct band gap in a monolayer to indirect gap in multilayers. The edges of WS2 monolayers exhibit PL signals with extraordinary intensity, around 25 times stronger than that at the platelet's center. The structure and chemical composition of the platelet edges appear to be critical for PL enhancement.
Unexpected Reaction of the Unsaturated Cluster Host and Catalyst [Pd3(μ3‐CO)(dppm)3]2+ with the Hydroxide Ion: Spectroscopic and Kinetic Evidence of an Inner‐Sphere Mechanism (2006)

Abstract The title cluster, [Pd 3 (μ 3 ‐CO)(dppm) 3 ] 2+ (dppm=bis(diphenylphosphino)methane), reacts with one equivalent of hydroxide anions (OH − ), from tetrabutylammonium hydroxide (Bu 4 NOH), to give the paramagnetic [Pd 3 (μ 3 ‐CO)(dppm) 3 ] + species. Reaction with another equivalent of OH − leads to the zero‐valent compound [Pd 3 (μ 3 ‐CO)(dppm) 3 ] 0 . From electron paramagnetic resonance analysis of the reaction medium using the spin‐trap agent 5,5‐dimethyl‐1‐pyrroline‐ N ‐oxide (DMPO), the 2‐tetrahydrofuryl or methyl radicals, deriving from the tetrahydrofuran (THF) or dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) solvent, respectively, were detected. For both [Pd 3 (μ 3 ‐CO)(dppm) 3 ] 2+ and [Pd 3 (μ 3 ‐CO)(dppm) 3 ] + , the mechanism involves, in a first equilibrated step, the formation of a hydroxide adduct, [Pd 3 (μ 3 ‐CO)(dppm) 3 (OH)] ( n −1)+ ( n =1, 2), which reacts irreversibly with the solvent. The kinetics were resolved by means of stopped‐flow experiments and are consistent with the proposed mechanism. In the presence of an excess of Bu 4 NOH, an electrocatalytic process was observed with modest turnover numbers (7–8). The hydroxide adducts [Pd 3 (μ 3 ‐CO)(dppm) 3 (OH)] ( n −1)+ ( n =1, 2), which bear important similarities to the well‐known corresponding halide adducts [Pd 3 (μ 3 ‐CO)(dppm) 3 (μ 3 ‐X)] n (X=Cl, Br, I), have been studied by using density functional theory (DFT). Although the optimised geometry for the cluster in its +2 and 0 oxidation states (i.e., cation and anion clusters, respectively) is the anticipated μ 3 ‐OH form, the paramagnetic species, [Pd 3 (μ 3 ‐CO)(dppm) 3 (OH)] 0 , shows a μ 2 ‐OH form; this suggests an important difference in electronic structure between these three species.
Imidazole and Its Derivatives as Inhibitors for Prevention of Corrosion of Copper (1999)

Abstract : The aim of this work was to investigate the efficiency of imidazole and its derivatives 4-methylimidazole, 4-methyl-5-hydroxymethylimidazole, 1-phenyl-4-methylimidazole, 1-(p-tolyl)-4-methylimidazole for corrosion inhibition of copper in 0.5M hydrochloric acid. Corrosion inhibition was studied using impedance spectroscopy and potentiodynamic methods. Results obtained from the AC impedance measurements are in good agreement with those obtained from d.c. polarization measurements. The copper samples were also analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-rays microanalysis. These studies have shown that 1-(p-tolyl)-4-methylimidazole has the highest inhibitory efficiency.
Evaluation of Production Log Data from Horizontal Wells Drilled in Organic Shales (2011)

Abstract Production logs from more than 100 horizontal shale wells in multiple basins have been acquired and interpreted. An evaluation of this data set confirms that production is highly variable along the length of the wellbores. In some basins, two-thirds of gas production is coming from only one third of the perforation clusters. Furthermore, when looking at all basins, almost one third of all perforation clusters are not contributing to production. This highlights a significant opportunity to improve overall completion effectiveness and economics in these high profile projects. Observations of near-wellbore reservoir quality and completion efficiency can be attained from the analysis of this data. Rock properties such as mineralogy, natural fracture density, and closure stress in the near wellbore region impact reservoir quality and hydraulic fracture conductivity. Completion parameters such as the staging of stimulation treatments, the number of perforation clusters per frac stage, and perforation cluster spacing can all impact the productivity of an individual perforation cluster. Correlations between productivity and key geologic, petrophysical and completion parameters can be made. The result is a better understanding of the parameters that are controlling completion effectiveness, and corresponding productivity in horizontal organic shale wells.
Polymer Intermediates and Polymers Derived from 5-t-Butyl-m-Xylene (1969)

Abstract A series of condensation polymer intermediates, which included several new compositions, was prepared from 5-t-butyl-m-xylene (I) so that the effect of the bulky t-butyl group on polymer properties could be determined. Compound (I) was oxidized with nitric acid to obtain 5-t-butyl-isophthalic acid (II), which was converted successively to the diacid chloride, the diamide, the dinitrile, and finally to 5-t-butyl-m-xylene-α,α′-diamine (VI); the overall yield was 80%. The dimethyl ester of (II) was prepared and converted to 5-t-butyl-m-xylene-α,α′-diol (VIII), a new composition, in 79.5% overall yield; the diphenyl ester was also prepared. The sodium salt of (II) was catalytically reduced to obtain 5-t-butyl-1,3-cyclohexanedicarboxylic acid (IIa) in 95% yield. (IIa) was converted successively to the diacid chloride, the diamide, the dinitrile, and finally to 5-t-butyl-1,3-cyclohexanebis(methylamine) (VIa), a new composition; the overall yield was 37%. (IIa) was also converted to the dimethyl ester and finally to 5-t-butyl-1,3-cyclohexanedimethanol (VIIIa), a new composition; the overall yield was 64%. Condensation polymers were prepared from the intermediates (II), (IIa), (VI), (VIa), (VIII), and (VIIIa). These polymers had higher glass transition temperatures (Tg) than corresponding polymers containing no t-butyl groups. This general effect of the t-butyl group to increase the Tg value of the polymer was noted in all polymers prepared, regardless of whether the intermediate carrying the t-butyl group was a diacid, a diol, or a diamine, or whether the polymer was a polyamide, a polyester, or a polyurethane.
Liquid Angular-Momentum Compensator (1989)

Report discusses use of fluid-loop reaction ring as part of system orienting spacecraft. Proposed device imparts angular rotation to spacecraft by reacting against liquid contained in loop. Pump, or pumps, provide impetus to both spacecraft and fluid. Hydraulic accumulators and valves added to control flow. Technique offers better control than attitude-control thrusters. Several advantages in applications otherwise requiring large, rigid reaction wheel: Fluid loop need occupy only peripheral circulation path; does not necessarily require motor sized for maximum torque; does not require difficult-to-make bearings specified to withstand high launch-acceleration loads, provide high stiffness, operate smoothly, and exert minimal fractional torque. Unlike reaction wheel, fluid loop not balanced dynamically.
Computed tomography: a powerful imaging technique in the fields of dimensional metrology and quality control (2016)

X-ray computed tomography (CT) is slowly conquering its space in the manufacturing industry for dimensional metrology and quality control purposes. The main advantage is its non-invasive and non-destructive character. Currently, CT is the only measurement technique that allows full 3D visualization of both inner and outer features of an object through a contactless probing system. Using hundreds of radiographs, acquired while rotating the object, a 3D representation is generated and dimensions can be verified. In this research, this non-contact technique was used for the inspection of assembled components. A dental cast model with 8 implants, connected by a screwed retained bar made of titanium. The retained bar includes a mating interface connection that should ensure a perfect fitting without residual stresses when the connection is fixed with screws. CT was used to inspect the mating interfaces between these two components. Gaps at the connections can lead to bacterial growth and potential inconvenience for the patient who would have to face a new surgery to replace his/hers prosthesis. With the aid of CT, flaws in the design or manufacturing process that could lead to gaps at the connections could be assessed.
Water-resistant Gypsum Compositions with Man-made Modifiers (2017)

The work has studied the structure and properties of gypsum compositions modified with the manmade modifier based on metallurgical dust and multi-walled carbon nanotubes. The results show that changing the structure of solid gypsum leads to the increase in bending and compressive strength by 70,5% and 138% correspondingly, the water resistance increasing and the softening factor reaching 0,85. Modifying gypsum composition with complex additive leads to the formation of amorphous structures based on calcium hydrosilicates on the surface of primary gypsum crystallohydrates that bond gypsum crystals and reduce the access of water.
High performance laser with nanopatterned active layer by selective area epitaxy (2005)

Lasers containing a nanopatterned active layer demonstrating excellent threshold characteristics are presented. The nanopatterned active layer is fabricated using high-resolution electron beam lithography and selective-area metal organic chemical vapour deposition crystal growth. Results demonstrating an order of magnitude improvement over previous results are reported.
Investigation of phonemic context in speech using self-organizing feature maps (2003)

Some experiments with a neural-network model based on the self-organizing feature map algorithm are described. The main problem in phonemic recognition is the overlapping of feature vectors due to variability of speech and due to the coarticulation effect. This property of speech is reflected in the self-organized neural-network model in that a network unit can respond to more than one phonemic class. The authors have shown for their database that the sequence of responding units is consistent and similar for isolated utterances of the same word and distinct for different words. Thus, recognition can be based on network sequence identification. However, it is desirable that this sequence be somewhat simplified. Toward this goal they propose an algorithm for sequence smoothing. It is proposed that this network can be used as the feature extraction stage of another neural network that can learn the responding sequences as part of a speech recognition system.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Cross-Country Patterns of Change in Relative Wages (1992)

This paper investigates movements in relative wages and wage inequality across 13 of the world's major economies. Focusing on wages received by full-time male workers, the investigation uncovers several empirical regularities: (1) Most advanced industrialized economies show increases, often large, in wage inequality during the 1980s; none show declining wage inequality. In contrast, three of four middle-income countries considered here show sharply declining wage inequality during the 1980s. (2) Since the early to late 1970s, the advanced economies show large and persistent increases in the wages of prime age men relative to the wages of less experienced men. (3) Following a period of sharply declining education differentials in the 1970s, the advanced economies show rising or flat education differentials after 1980. Education differentials fell moderately to sharply in the middle-income countries during the 1980s. (4) Wage inequality among observationally similar workers rose sharply during the 1980s in most advanced economies. (5) After 1975, the structure of relative industry wages in the manufacturing sector became increasingly dissimilar across the advanced economies. However, controlling for common time effects, increases in international trade as a fraction of GDP are associated with a partial convergence of relative industry wage structures across countries. The paper discusses several alternative interpretations of wage structure developments in the United States and other countries in the light of these empirical regularities.
The Kernel Gibbs Sampler (2000)

We present an algorithm that samples the hypothesis space of kernel classifiers. Given a uniform prior over normalised weight vectors and a likelihood based on a model of label noise leads to a piecewise constant posterior that can be sampled by the kernel Gibbs sampler (KGS). The KGS is a Markov Chain Monte Carlo method that chooses a random direction in parameter space and samples from the resulting piecewise constant density along the line chosen. The KGS can be used as an analytical tool for the exploration of Bayesian transduction, Bayes point machines, active learning, and evidence-based model selection on small data sets that are contaminated with label noise. For a simple toy example we demonstrate experimentally how a Bayes point machine based on the KGS outperforms an SVM that is incapable of taking into account label noise. 1 Introduction Two great ideas have dominated recent developments in machine learning: the application of kernel methods and the popularis...
Combination therapy: lonidamine, hyperthermia, and chemotherapy against the RIF-1 tumor in vivo. (1991)

Lonidamine enhances the cytotoxicity in vitro of several conventional antitumor drugs as well as that of hyperthermia (HT). We have investigated the possibility that such enhancement can also be demonstrated in vivo against the RIF-1 tumor system. Two assays were used to examine antitumor activity: tumor growth delay and clonogenicity of cells obtained from tumors from treated animals. We used drug (and HT) doses that by themselves did not achieve significant cell killing. The drugs whose interaction with lonidamine was tested were: cis-diamminedichloroplatinum (CDDP), mitomycin C (MMC), bleomycin, 5-fluorouracil, and nitrosourea. Of these only CDDP and MMC yielded positive data. Both assays gave essentially the same results, showing that antitumor activity reflected direct cell killing. CDDP and MCC activity was also enhanced by HT. When we combined all three modalities, however, the results of the trimodality therapies were no better than that of individual bimodality treatments. These last results suggest that lonidamine and HT have similar mechanisms, most likely inhibition of repair of DNA damage. Our data do suggest that lonidamine may have a role in multidrug therapies that include either CDDP or MMC as a component of the treatments.
Reconfigurable Systems in a Heterogeneous Environment (2003)

As we look beyond the Third Generation of Mobile Communications, we will experience the integration and intercommunication of existing and future networks together with radio access technologies. The convergence towards an Internal Protocol (IP)-based core network and ubiquitous, seamless access between 2G, 3G, broadband and broadcast wireless access schemes, augmented by self-organising network schemes and short-range connectivity between intelligent communicating appliances, enforces common terminal and network entity platforms (Figure 1.1). In this ‘composite radio environment’ where several highly standardised legacy radio transport schemes exist, the medium-term goal would be to develop reconfigurable network and terminal techniques to enable interworking and so deliver diverse and exciting applications using the most appropriate radio access scheme(s). Appropriate in this sense refers to the dynamic choice of access scheme(s) to achieve seamless, uninterrupted delivery to the user, customised to the user needs in terms of content, quality of service (QoS) and cost. In such an environment, vertical handover may take place between different access systems (the cellular layer down to the personal network layer, e.g. Bluetooth), combined with real-time service and resource negotiations to seamlessly achieve the desired QoS. The interworking, mobility management and roaming would be handled via the medium access systems and the IP-based core network. Thus, one of the key elements in the exploitation of the potential benefits, for example ubiquitous connectivity with improved QoS from a heterogeneous radio network, is the
Reaction of copper(I) hydride with organocopper(I) compounds (1969)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTReaction of copper(I) hydride with organocopper(I) compoundsGeorge M. Whitesides, Joseph San Filippo Jr., Erwin R. Stredronsky, and Charles P. CaseyCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1969, 91, 23, 6542–6544Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1969Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1969https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01051a093https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01051a093research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views779Altmetric-Citations60LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Environmental assessment and management plan (2000)

This environmental assessment identifies potential negative impacts resulting from the rehabilitation, and upgrade of three road links to be implemented under the Transport Development Project, and, recommends appropriate mitigation measures to minimize environmental impacts. It provides a brief description of the legislative framework, and discusses the screening methodology used for its analysis. River basins are permanently affected by the influence of freezing, and thawing processes, affecting not only roadways, but soil erosion in general, as sedimentation trends are current, due to wind conditions, and intensify arid zones, while groundwater resources are scarce, mostly due to stony, and dry streambeds with high water absorption, endangering the region's flora and fauna, as well as alpine tundra forests. Mitigation measures stipulate that: 1) excavation, embankment, and grading works will ensure sedimentation control of water courses in, or adjacent to work areas, securing clean surfaces of undisturbed soil and rock, and, low areas will be filled with on-site material from the cutting operations, facilitating drainage of surface runoff. A buffer zone of undisturbed vegetation will be maintained between water courses, and works, protecting its outflow location; 2) wastes, and oil spills will be appropriately stored at selected land sites for final disposal; 3) critical habitats will be flagged, and avoided as possible, followed by re-vegetation to control surface erosion, incorporating certified, rapid seed mixes to improve the degraded topsoil.