gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Scattering Loss at Waveguide Facets and Implications for Laser Efficiency (2018)

Significant scattering loss occurs at the facets of dielectric waveguides, particularly for small mode (w<;λ), high-confinement waveguides. High-confinement waveguides used to maximize gain can unintentionally introduce facet losses that reduce laser efficiency.
Solving the minimum‐weighted coloring problem (2001)

Abstract Weighted coloring is a generalization of the well‐known vertex (unweighted) coloring for which a number of exact algorithms have been presented in the literature. We are not aware of any optimal method specifically designed for the minimum‐weighted coloring problem on arbitrary graphs. Only a few heuristics have been developed with the goal of finding tighter upper bounds for the maximum‐weighted clique problem. Moreover, as shown in the paper, a straightforward reduction of a weighted instance into an unweighted one permits us to solve only very small instances. In this paper, we present a branch‐and‐bound algorithm for the weighted case capable of solving random graphs of up to 90 vertices for any edge density with integer weights uniformly drawn from the range [1, …,10]. Likewise, we have used properly modified benchmark instances borrowed from vertex coloring as a further test bed for our algorithm. © 2001 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Inc.
Low Temperature Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (2011)

Solid oxide fuel cells(SOFCs) are an novel energy conversion device,which has been extensively used for its high energy efficiency,high stability,fuel flexibility,and low pollution emission.Lowering down its operating temperature is important for commercialization.More attentions are therefore paid on how to decrease the operating temperature from traditional 800—1 000℃ to 600℃ or below.The paper summarizes the development of the electrolytes,cathodes,and anodes for SOFCs operated below 600℃.Choosing alternative ceria-based oxides with high ionic conductivity at low temperature,decreasing the electrolyte thickness,and constructing bilayered electrolytes with additional electronic blocking layer to enhance the open circuit voltage are all effective approaches for the improving electrolytes.While for the electrodes,novel materials are developed to increase the catalytic activity at low temperature.Moreover,ion-impregnation method is applied to optimize the microstructure of electrodes.Thus the triple phase boundary and active site has been enhanced,resulting in decreased electrode resistance and direct utilization of hydrocarbon without carbon deposition.In addition,new types of low temperature SOFCs such as single chamber SOFCs and micro SOFCs are also presented,which might have significant impact on the development of low temperature SOFCs.
Activation Profiles and Regulatory Cascades of the Human Kallikrein-related Peptidases (2007)

The human kallikrein (KLK)-related peptidases are the largest family of serine peptidases, comprising 15 members (KLK1-15) and with the majority (KLK4-15) being identified only within the last decade. Members of this family are associated with important diseased states (including cancer, inflammation, and neurodegeneration) and have been utilized or proposed as clinically important biomarkers or therapeutic targets of interest. All human KLKs are synthesized as prepro-forms that are proteolytically processed to secreted pro-forms via the removal of an amino-terminal secretion signal peptide. The secreted inactive pro-KLKs are then activated extracellularly to mature peptidases by specific proteolytic release of their amino-terminal propeptide. Although a key step in the regulation of KLK function, details regarding the activation of the human pro-KLKs (i.e. the KLK "activome") are unknown, to a significant extent, but have been postulated to involve "activation cascades" with other KLKs and endopeptidases. To characterize more completely the KLK activome, we have expressed from Escherichia coli individual KLK propeptides fused to the amino terminus of a soluble carrier protein. The ability of 12 different mature KLKs to process the 15 different pro-KLK peptide sequences has been determined. Various autolytic and cross-activation relationships identified using this system have subsequently been characterized using recombinant pro-KLK proteins. The results demonstrate the potential for extensive KLK activation cascades and, when combined with available data for the tissue-specific expression of the KLK family, permit the construction of specific regulatory cascades. One such tissue-specific cascade is proposed for the central nervous system.
Focus on Moral Sensitivity (2004)

Based on the moral sensitivity, the thesis analyses the reason for people’s unconcerned reaction while other’s in danger or difficulties and points out some pieces of advice in order to improve the moral state.
On the Convergence of Local Descent Methods in Federated Learning (2019)

In federated distributed learning, the goal is to optimize a global training objective defined over distributed devices, where the data shard at each device is sampled from a possibly different distribution (a.k.a., heterogeneous or non i.i.d. data samples). In this paper, we generalize the local stochastic and full gradient descent with periodic averaging-- originally designed for homogeneous distributed optimization, to solve nonconvex optimization problems in federated learning. Although scant research is available on the effectiveness of local SGD in reducing the number of communication rounds in homogeneous setting, its convergence and communication complexity in heterogeneous setting is mostly demonstrated empirically and lacks through theoretical understating. To bridge this gap, we demonstrate that by properly analyzing the effect of unbiased gradients and sampling schema in federated setting, under mild assumptions, the implicit variance reduction feature of local distributed methods generalize to heterogeneous data shards and exhibits the best known convergence rates of homogeneous setting both in general nonconvex and under {\pl}~ condition (generalization of strong-convexity). Our theoretical results complement the recent empirical studies that demonstrate the applicability of local GD/SGD to federated learning. We also specialize the proposed local method for networked distributed optimization. To the best of our knowledge, the obtained convergence rates are the sharpest known to date on the convergence of local decant methods with periodic averaging for solving nonconvex federated optimization in both centralized and networked distributed optimization.
Synthesis of 6-O-α-D-Galactosyl α-Cyclodextrin by Coffee Bean α-Galactosidase (1992)

Journal Article Synthesis of 6-O-α-D-Galactosyl α-Cyclodextrin by Coffee Bean α-Galactosidase Get access Sumio Kitahata, Sumio Kitahata Osaka Municipal Technical Research Institute, 1–6–50, Morinomiya Jyoto-ku, Osaka 536, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Koji Hara, Koji Hara Osaka Municipal Technical Research Institute, 1–6–50, Morinomiya Jyoto-ku, Osaka 536, JapanCarbohydrate Research Laboratory, Ensuiko Sugar Refining Co., Ltd., 13–46, Daikoku-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama 230, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Koki Fujita, Koki Fujita Osaka Municipal Technical Research Institute, 1–6–50, Morinomiya Jyoto-ku, Osaka 536, JapanCarbohydrate Research Laboratory, Ensuiko Sugar Refining Co., Ltd., 13–46, Daikoku-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama 230, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Nobuhiro Kuwahara, Nobuhiro Kuwahara Osaka Municipal Technical Research Institute, 1–6–50, Morinomiya Jyoto-ku, Osaka 536, JapanCarbohydrate Research Laboratory, Ensuiko Sugar Refining Co., Ltd., 13–46, Daikoku-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama 230, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Kyoko Koizumi Kyoko Koizumi Osaka Municipal Technical Research Institute, 1–6–50, Morinomiya Jyoto-ku, Osaka 536, JapanFaculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mukogawa Women’s University, 11-68, Koshien Kyuban-cho, Nishinomiya 663, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry, Volume 56, Issue 9, 1 January 1992, Pages 1518–1519, https://doi.org/10.1271/bbb.56.1518 Published: 01 January 1992 Article history Published: 01 January 1992 Received: 21 May 1992
Incorporation of Methionine into Dimethylthiopropanoic Acid in the Dinoflagellate Crypthecodinium cohnii. (1993)

Methionine has been shown to be an efficient precursor for the biosynthesis of dimethylthiopropanoic acid (DMTP) in the dinoflagellate Crypthecodinium cohnii. The methyl group, C-3 and C-4 carbons, and sulfur atom of methionine were incorporated into DMTP, whereas C-1 carbon of methionine was not incorporated into DMTP. The results indicate that methionine was converted to DMTP by decarboxylation, deamination, oxidation, and methylation. The order of these conversions has not yet been demonstrated.
Aqueous Synthesis of Alkanethiolate-Protected Ag Nanoparticles Using Bunte Salts (2004)

The one-pot synthesis of monolayer-protected metal nanoparticles derived from sodium S-dodecylthiosulfate (Bunte salt) in aqueous solution is described. Silver nanoparticles, which were produced by the borohydride reduction of silver nitrate in H2O, were stabilized by the adsorption of S-dodecylthiosulfate followed by the removal of the SO3- moiety. Temporary stabilization of silver sols by the adsorption of borohydride and borate prevented aggregation of silver nanoparticles in H2O. The syntheses of other metal nanoparticles, including gold, copper, and palladium particles in H2O, were less successful. Gold and copper particles were completely aggregated and precipitated out immediately after the addition of NaBH4, yielding only insoluble clusters. Stable and soluble palladium nanoparticle could be prepared, but the presence of Pd-thiolate complex was also observed. These nanoparticles were characterized using 1H NMR, UV-vis spectroscopy, FT-IR spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopy.
Data Processing for Energetic Particle Measurements from the Global Positioning System (GPS) constellation (2014)

Abstract Not Provided
From Animals to Animats 6. Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Simulation of Adaptive Behavior (2000)

International audience
A high-throughput FRET-based assay for determination of Atg4 activity (2012)

Atg4 is required for cleaving Atg8, allowing it to be conjugated to phosphatidylethanolamine on phagophore membranes, a key step in autophagosome biogenesis. Deconjugation of Atg8 from autophagosomal membranes could be also a regulatory step in controlling autophagy. Therefore, the activity of Atg4 is important for autophagy and could be a target for therapeutic intervention. In this study, a sensitive and specific method to measure the activity of two Atg4 homologs in mammalian cells, Atg4A and Atg4B, was developed using a fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET)-based approach. Thus LC3B and GATE-16, two substrates that could be differentially cleaved by Atg4A and Atg4B, were fused with CFP and YFP at the N- and C-terminus, respectively, allowing FRET to occur. The FRET signals decreased in proportion to the Atg4-mediated cleavage, which separated the two fluorescent proteins. This method is highly efficient for measuring the enzymatic activity and kinetics of Atg4A and Atg4B under in vitro conditions. Applications of the assay indicated that the activity of Atg4B was dependent on its catalytic cysteine and expression level, but showed little changes under several common autophagy conditions. In addition, the assays displayed excellent performance in high throughput format and are suitable for screening and analysis of potential modulators. In summary, the FRET-based assay is simple and easy to use, is sensitive and specific, and is suitable for both routine measurement of Atg4 activity and high-throughput screening.
A Human Minisatellite Sequence Reveals DNA Polymorphism in the Equine Species (1989)

Southern blot analysis of equine DNA's digested with the restriction endonuclease Hinfl hybridized with a 32 PdCTP labeled human VNTR probe revealed a highly polymorphic pattern of restriction fragments upon autoradiography. The horses were unrelated individuals of the quarter horse breed. This heterologous probe can thus be used in the equine species for individual identification and pedigree analysis.
Fuzzy Relational Model with 3-D Structural Information of Objects. (1994)

An approarch is proposed that gets a fuzzy relational model of objects by taking 3-D geometrical information of objects obtained from stereo vision as inouts. To solve the scale problem occurred in quantitative representation of 3-D structural information of obiects and lower the matching cost, a fuzzy relational description language (FRDL) is defined in this paper that represents the 3-D geometrical relations of surface pairs of objects qualitatively. By FRDL, the quantitative values of 3-D information of objects could be smoothly tranformed into qualitative values without losing the 3-D information of objects largely. This FRDL also serves as the intermediate description between the quantitative geometric values symbolic description utilized in the machine learning process. With concept learning method, such fuzzy relational model can be generalized and a fuzzy-based 3-D generic model of objects can be learned. Some examples of object houses show the effectiveness of proposed methods. 1.
Comparison of calregulins from vertebrate livers (1987)

Calregulins were purified from bovine, rabbit and chicken liver, and their structural properties were compared. Significant differences between the three calregulins include a lower Mr for chicken calregulin (57,000) than for rabbit and bovine calregulin (63,000), and the glycosylation of only bovine calregulin. Amino acid composition and peptide maps of the three calregulins were very similar. No major differences were detected in the Ca2+-binding properties of the three proteins. Zn2+-induced changes in calregulin conformation and hydrophobicity monitored by intrinsic protein fluorescence and the hydrophobic fluorescent probe 8-anilino-1-naphthalenesulphonate were very similar, suggesting that the Zn2+-dependent increase in the hydrophobicity of bovine, rabbit and chicken calregulin was conserved. These studies more fully define what is a calregulin, demonstrate that calregulin is a relatively invariant constituent of vertebrate liver, and indicate that calregulin structure has been highly conserved in bovine, chicken and rabbit liver.
Lifetimes in Excited States (1971)

Machine learning (ML) is transforming all areas of science. The complex and time-consuming calculations in molecular simulations are particularly suitable for an ML revolution and have already been profoundly affected by the application of existing ML ...Read More
Flat-top passband filter based on parallel-coupled double microring resonators in silicon (2009)

Optical filters with box-like response were designed and realized based on parallel-coupled double microrings in silicon-on-insulator. The properties of this design are simulated, considering the impact of the center-to-center distance of two rings, and coupling efficiency. Flat-top passband in the drop channel of the fabricated device was demonstrated with a 1dB bandwidth of 0.82nm, a 1dB/10dB bandwidth ratio of 0.51, an out of band rejection ratio of 14.6dB, as well as a free spectrum range of 13.6nm.
Phase Control of Bipolar Thermoelectricity in Josephson Tunnel Junctions (2023)

Not so long ago, thermoelectricity in superconductors was believed to be possible only by breaking explicitly the particle-hole (PH) symmetry. Recently, it has been theoretically predicted that a superconducting tunnel junction can develop bipolar thermoelectric phenomena in the presence of a large thermal gradient owing to nonequilibrium spontaneous PH symmetry breaking. The experimental realization of the thermoelectric Josephson engine then followed. Here, we give a more extended discussion and focus on the impact of the Josephson contribution on thermoelectricity modulating the Cooper pairs' transport in a double-loop superconducting quantum interference device. When the Cooper pairs' current prevails on the quasiparticle one, the Josephson contribution short circuits the junction thereby screening the thermoelectric effect. We demonstrate that the thermoelectric generation due to the pure quasiparticle transport is phase independent, once Josephson contribution is appropriately removed from the net current measured. At the same time, we investigate an additional metastable state at $V\ensuremath{\approx}0$ determined by the presence of the Josephson coupling, which peculiarly modifies the hysteretic behavior of our thermoelectric engine realized. At the end, we also discuss how the current-voltage characteristics are affected by the presence of multiple thermoelectric elements, which improve the generated output power.
The Effect of Three Different Miniaturized Blood Purification Devices on Plasma Cytokine Concentration in an Ex Vivo Model of Endotoxinemia (2008)

HCO and ETX-A appeared to significantly reduce plasma IL-1ra and, when combined, plasma IL-6 concentration as well. It appears desirable to manufacture full-size blood purification devices using this technology and to explore their effect on cytokine removal.
Unstable resonator mode control in a transverse flow dye laser (1978)

Using suitable correcting optics, a 2x diffraction-limited beam has been obtained from a high power transverse flow dye laser. Beam divergence in the direction parallel to flow is controlled by a sound wave and may be compensated for externally.
Timing of surgery in traumatic spinal cord injury: a national, multidisciplinary survey (2018)

The severity of initial neurological injury seems to play an important role in the urgency of surgical timing for tSCI. A substantial number of patients with complete tSCI are not preferably treated within the recommended surgical timeframe, while patients with incomplete tSCI are preferably operated far more urgent than recommended in the current guidelines. These slides can be retrieved under Electronic Supplementary Material.
A 50kW integrated fault tolerant permanent magnet machine and motor drive (2008)

The integration of an electrical machine and power electronics promises many benefits, the largest being an increase in power density. The use of system integration may lead to an increase in loss density and local or component temperatures. For this reason much attention needs to be paid to the thermal design aspects of the system. In the aerospace industry weight and reliability are of significant importance. In this paper the integration of a permanent magnet machine and power electronics into a single structure with joint thermal management is investigated. An overall goal of 2 kW/kg is set for system power density. Additionally in this paper fault tolerance is introduced into the design. This will allow the system to continue functioning should a single electrical fault occur. Principle faults are identified and discussed. A 50 kW, 6 phase, 8 pole permanent magnet machine is presented with a rotor speed of 50 krpm. A symmetrical phase shifted full bridge is used to drive the permanent magnet machine, aiding the functionality of fault tolerance and enabling the use of soft switching. A mathematical model for both machine and power electronics is created and used to calculate phase currents and losses in the machine and power electronics. Finally, spatial integration and thermal management concepts are presented and analysed.
Digital Libraries with Superimposed Information: Supporting Scholarly Tasks that Involve Fine Grain Information (2011)

Many scholarly tasks involve working with contextualized fine-grain information, such as a music professor creating a multimedia lecture on a musical style, while bringing together several snippets of compositions of that style. We refer to such contextualized parts of a larger unit of information (or whole documents), as subdocuments. Current approaches to work with subdocuments involve a mix of paper-based and digital techniques. With the increase in the volume and in the heterogeneity of information sources, the management, organization, access, retrieval, as well as reuse of subdocuments becomes challenging, leading to inefficient and ineffective task execution. A digital library (DL) facilitates management, access, retrieval, and use of collections of data and metadata through services. However, most DLs do not provide infrastructure or services to support working with subdocuments. Superimposed information (SI) refers to new information that is created to reference subdocuments in existing information resources. We combine this idea of SI with traditional DL services, to define and develop a DL with SI (an SI-DL). Our research questions are centered around one main question: how can we extend the notion of a DL to include SI, in order to support scholarly tasks that involve working with subdocuments? We pursued this question from a theoretical as well as a practical/user perspective. From a theoretical perspective, we developed a formal metamodel that precisely defines the components of an SI-DL, building upon related work in DLs, SI, annotations, and hypertext. From the practical/user perspective, we developed prototype superimposed applications and conducted user studies to explore the use of SI in scholarly tasks. We developed SuperIDR, a prototype SI-DL, which enables users to mark up subimages, annotate them, and retrieve information in multiple ways, including browsing, and text- and content-based image retrieval. We explored the use of subimages and evaluated the use of SuperIDR in fish species identification, a scholarly task that involves working with subimages. Findings from the user studies and other work in our research lead to theory- and experiment-based enhancements that can guide design of digital libraries with superimposed information.
An immunocytochemical analysis of the vacuolar proton pump in Dictyostelium discoideum (1993)

Antisera were generated in rabbits against the vacuolar proton pump (V-H(+)-ATPase) purified from Dictyostelium discoideum. The antisera inhibited V-H(+)-ATPase but not F1-ATPase activity and immunoprecipitated and immunoblotted only the polypeptide subunits of the V-H(+)-ATPase from cell homogenates. Immunocytochemical analysis of intact cells and subcellular fractions showed that the predominant immunoreactive organelles were clusters of empty, irregular vacuoles of various sizes and shapes, which corresponded to the acidosomes. The cytoplasmic surfaces of lysosomes, phagosomes and the tubular spongiome of the contractile vacuole also bore the pump antigen. The lumina of multivesicular bodies were often stained intensely; the internalized antigen may have been derived from acidosomes by autophagy. Antibodies against V-H(+)-ATPases from plant and animal cells cross-reacted with the proton pumps of Dictyostelium. Antisera directed against the V-H(+)-ATPase of Dictyostelium decorated a profusion of small vacuoles scattered throughout the cytoplasm of hepatocytes, epithelial cells, macrophages and fibroblasts. The pattern paralleled that of the endocytic and acidic spaces; there was no clear indication of discrete acidosomes in these mammalian cells. We conclude that the V-H(+)-ATPase in Dictyostelium is distributed among diverse endomembrane organelles and is immunologically cross-reactive with the proton pumps on endocytic vacuoles in mammalian cells.