gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Randomized, Controlled Human Challenge Study of the Safety, Immunogenicity, and Protective Efficacy of a Single Dose of Peru-15, a Live Attenuated Oral Cholera Vaccine (2002)

Peru-15 is a live attenuated oral vaccine derived from a Vibrio cholerae O1 El Tor Inaba strain by a series of deletions and modifications, including deletion of the entire CT genetic element. Peru-15 is also a stable, motility-defective strain and is unable to recombine with homologous DNA. We wished to determine whether a single oral dose of Peru-15 was safe and immunogenic and whether it would provide significant protection against moderate and severe diarrhea in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled human volunteer cholera challenge model. A total of 59 volunteers were randomly allocated to groups to receive either 2 x 10(8) CFU of reconstituted, lyophilized Peru-15 vaccine diluted in CeraVacx buffer or placebo (CeraVacx buffer alone). Approximately 3 months after vaccination, 36 of these volunteers were challenged with approximately 10(5) CFU of virulent V. cholerae O1 El Tor Inaba strain N16961, prepared from a standardized frozen inoculum. Among vaccinees, 98% showed at least a fourfold increase in vibriocidal antibody titers. After challenge, 5 (42%) of the 12 placebo recipients and none (0%) of the 24 vaccinees had moderate or severe diarrhea (> or = 3,000 g of diarrheal stool) (P = 0.002; protective efficacy, 100%; lower one-sided 95% confidence limit, 75%). A total of 7 (58%) of the 12 placebo recipients and 1 (4%) of the 24 vaccinees had any diarrhea (P < 0.001; protective efficacy, 93%; lower one-sided 95% confidence limit, 62%). The total number of diarrheal stools, weight of diarrheal stools, incidence of fever, and peak stool V. cholerae excretion among vaccinees were all significantly lower than in placebo recipients. Peru-15 is a well-tolerated and immunogenic oral cholera vaccine that affords protective efficacy against life-threatening cholera diarrhea in a human volunteer challenge model. This vaccine may therefore be a safe and effective tool to prevent cholera in travelers and is a strong candidate for further evaluation to prevent cholera in an area where cholera is endemic.
Genetic profile and characteristics of HIV-1 drug resistance mutation in the Krasnodar region over the 2014 to 2019 (2022)

Objective. Molecular genetic analysis of AIDS-1, having spread in the territory of Krasnodar region over the 2014 to 2019, including analysis of drug resistance mutation Materials and methods. The study used the collection of samples, obtained from 478 HIV-infected people, living in the territory of Krasnodar region over the 2014 to 2019; out of them 155 received antiretroviral therapy (ART). Genotyping of the obtained samples was carried out with the further phylogenetic analysis, including detailed analysis of identified unique recombinant forms of HIV-1. Results. It is shown that HIV-1 sub-subtype A6 (80,5%) continues dominating in the territory of Krasnodar region, genetic variant B (9,2%) is the second most common one. Also 11 unique recombinant forms (URFs) were discovered, 10 out of which are the result of A6 and B genetic variants recombination. Drug resistance mutations were registered with 114 patients, received ART (73,6%); primary mutations — M184V and A62V. Provisional indicator of transmissible drug resistance in the population of naïve patients is 4,6% (15/323); primary mutations — K103N и G190S. Conclusion. The analysis of genetic profile and HIV-1 drug resistance mutation is carried out in the territory of Krasnodar region over the 2014 to 2019.
An approximate dynamic programming approach for communication constrained inference (2005)

Resource management in distributed sensor networks is a challenging problem. This can be attributed to the fundamental tradeoff between the value of information contained in a distributed set of measurements versus the energy costs of acquiring the measurements, fusing them into a model of uncertainty, and transmitting the resulting model. Communications is commonly the highest contributor among these costs, typically by orders of magnitude. Failure to consider this tradeoff can significantly reduce the operational lifetime of a sensor network. While a variety of methods have been proposed that treat a subset of these issues, the approaches are indirect and usually consider at most a single time step. In the context of target tracking with a distributed sensor network we propose an approximate dynamic programming approach which integrates the value of information and the cost of transmitting data over a rolling time horizon. Specifically, we consider tracking a single target and constrain the problem such that, at any time, a single sensor, referred to as the leader node, is activated to both sense and update the probabilistic model. The issue of selecting which sensor should be the leader at each time is of primary interest, as it directly impacts the trade-off between the estimation accuracy and the cost of communicating the probabilistic model from old leader node to new leader node. We formulate this trade-off as a dynamic program, and use an approximation based on a linearization of the sensor model about a nominal trajectory to find a tractable solution. Simulation results demonstrate that the resulting algorithm can provide similar estimation performance to that of the common most informative sensor election method at a fraction of the communication energy cost
A short region of the promoter of the breast cancer associated PLU-1 gene can regulate transcription in vitro and in vivo (2004)

The recently cloned gene PLU-1 shows restricted expression in adult tissues, with high expression being found in testis, and transiently in the pregnant mammary gland. However, both the gene and the protein product are specifically up-regulated in breast cancer. To investigate the control of expression of the PLU-1 gene, we have cloned and functionally characterised the 5' flanking region of the gene, which was found to contain another putative gene. Two transcription start sites of the PLU-1 gene were mapped by 5' RACE. A short proximal 249 bp region was defined using reporter gene assays, which encompasses the major transcription start site and exhibits a strong constitutive promoter activity in all cell lines tested. However, regions upstream of this sequence repress transcription more effectively in a non-malignant breast cell line as compared to breast cancer cell lines. The 249 bp region is GC-rich and includes consensus Sp1 sites, GC boxes, cAMP-responsive element (CRE) and other putative cis-elements. Mutational analysis showed that two intact conserved Sp1 binding sites (shown here to bind Sp1 and/or Sp3) are critical for constitutive promoter activity, while a negative role for a neighbouring GC box is indicated. The sequence of the core promoter is highly conserved in the mouse and Plu-1 expression in the mouse embryo has been documented. Using transgenesis, we therefore examined the ability of the 249 bp fragment to control expression of a reporter gene during embryogenesis. We found that not only is the core promoter sufficient to activate transcription in vivo, but that the expression of the reporter gene coincides both temporally and spatially with regions where endogenous Plu-1 is highly expressed. This suggests that tissue specific controlling elements are found within the short fragment and are functional in the embryonic environment.
CO2 transport and storage feasibility and cost study for ASEAN (2022)

Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) technology is expected to a play a significant role in reducing CO2 emissions globally. The first steps for successful deployment include identifying CO2 storage potential, determining CO2 injection rates, evaluating of CO2 transport options, estimating associated costs, and facilitating policy and regulatory frameworks. To evaluate the CCS feasibility in Southeast Asia, we first identify the CO2 storage sites in several member countries of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN). Storage potential is estimated at 11.7 Gt in 234 oil and gas fields, 24.2 Gt in 42 field-scale saline formations, and 275 Gt in basin-scale saline formations. Using the hydrocarbon production data, we calculate the CO2 injection rates in 126 fields and find that 23% of the evaluated fields support injection rates greater than 0.4 Mt/well/year. We evaluate two types of CO2 transportation solutions: via pipeline and via shipping. Our case study with CO2 sourced from Singapore and transported to regional sequestration sites shows strong technical feasibility with transport and storage costs ranging from US$48/ton to US$450/ton. We assess the policy environment of selected countries in ASEAN and suggest potential pathways to enable robust CCS supply chains.
Effect of phytic acid reduction on rapeseed protein digestibility and amino acid absorption (1986)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTEffect of phytic acid reduction on rapeseed protein digestibility and amino acid absorptionLilian U. Thompson and Maria R. SerrainoCite this: J. Agric. Food Chem. 1986, 34, 3, 468–469Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1986Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1986https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jf00069a023https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00069a023research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views208Altmetric-Citations29LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Multi-level shared caching techniques for scalability in VMP-M/C (1989)

The problem of building a scalable shared memory multiprocessor can be reduced to that of building a scalable memory hierarchy, assuming interprocessor communication is handled by the memory system. In this paper, we describe the VMP-MC design, a distributed parallel multi-computer based on the VMP multiprocessor design, that is intended to provide a set of building blocks for configuring machines from one to several thousand processors. VMP-MC uses a memory hierarchy based on shared caches, ranging from on- chip caches to board-level caches connected by busses to, at the bottom, a high-speed fiber optic ring. In addition to describing the building block components of this architecture, we identify the key performance issues associated with the design and provide performance evaluation of these issues using trace-drive simulation and measurements from the VMP. This work was sponsored in part by the Defense Advanced Re- search Projects Agency under Contract N00014-88-K-0619.
Continuous spectrophotometric measurements of arteriovenous oxygen difference (1975)

A relatively inexpensive dual-beam optical absorbance monitor was tested and adapted to measure arterio-enous oxygen difference ((a - v)delta O2). Since the molar extinction coefficients of oxy- and deoxyhemoglobin are markedly different at 660 nm, the difference in optical density between arterial and venous blood, as measured by the absorbance monitor, was shown to be linearly related to (a - v)delta02. When appropriate cuvettes (optical path length = 0.5 mm) were used, the instrument's 90% response time (4.4 s) was sufficiently rapid for most physiological applications such as Fick determinations of the rate of an organ's oxygen consumption. The theoretical basis of this spectrophotometric (a - v)deltaO2 measurement and sources of error are discussed in detail.
Whole Grain Intakes in the Diets Of Malaysian Children and Adolescents – Findings from the MyBreakfast Study (2015)

Whole grain is consumed by only a minority of Malaysian children and adolescents and even among consumers, intakes are well below recommendations. Efforts are needed to firstly understand the barriers to whole grain consumption among Malaysian children in order to design effective health promotion initiatives to promote an increase in whole grain consumption.
Hamiltonian Simulation [Slides] (2020)

Given a (qubit) quantum system modeled by a Hamiltonian H, use a quantum computer to obtain time-evolved properties of the system. One way of solving this problem is by actually preparing the evolved quantum state (in some encoded fashion). The goal is to provide a sequence of elementary 1 and 2-qubit gates that would prepare such a state.
Asymmetrical N4,N9-Diacyl Spermines: SAR Studies of Nonviral Lipopolyamine Vectors for Efficient siRNA Delivery with Silencing of EGFP Reporter Gene (2012)

Our aim is to study the effects of varying the two acyl moieties in synthesized N(4),N(9)-diacyl spermines on siRNA formulations and their delivery efficiency in cell lines. Six novel asymmetrical lipopolyamines, [N(4)-cholesteryloxy-3-carbonyl-N(9)-oleoyl-, N(4)-decanoyl-N(9)-oleoyl-, N(4)-decanoyl-N(9)-stearoyl-, N(4)-lithocholoyl-N(9)-oleoyl-, N(4)-myristoleoyl-N(9)-myristoyl-, and N(4)-oleoyl-N(9)-stearoyl]-1,12-diamino-4,9-diazadodecane, were assessed for their abilities to bind to siRNA, studied using a RiboGreen intercalation assay, and to form nanoparticles. Their siRNA delivery efficiencies were quantified in FEK4 primary skin cells and in an immortalized cancer cell line (HtTA) using a fluorescein-tagged siRNA, and compared with formulations of N(4),N(9)-dioleoyl-1,12-diamino-4,9-diazadodecane and of a leading transfecting agent, TransIT-TKO. Transfection was measured in terms of siRNA delivery and silencing of EGFP reporter gene in HeLa cells. By incorporating two different acyl moieties, changing their length and oxidation level in a controlled manner, we show efficient fluorescein-tagged siRNA formulation, delivery, and knock-down of EGFP reporter gene. N(4)-Oleoyl-N(9)-stearoyl spermine and N(4)-myristoleoyl-N(9)-myristoyl spermine are effective siRNA delivery vectors typically resulting in 89% cell delivery and gene silencing to 34% in the presence of serum, comparable with the results obtained with TransIT-TKO; adding a second lipid chain is better than incorporating a steroid moiety.
Achievements, Challenges, and Scope of Thirty Years of Work on the Biotransformation of Arenes and Their Synthetic Applications (2022)

Abstract This account describes the results of three decades of work on the production, chemistry, and synthetic applications of cis ‐cyclohexadienediols obtained by biotransformation of arenes. These cis ‐diols are valuable chiral building blocks, as they are enantiomerically pure, possessing good accessibility and high chemical versatility. Our work covers enzymatic and chemical aspects of the biotransformation, as well as synthetic applications of the resulting cis‐ diols. We optimized the biotransformation procedure, described a computational model of TDO, designed new mutants, identified new metabolites, and disclosed new reactions of the Rieske dioxygenases. Also, the reactivity of the cis ‐diol core was studied, with an emphasis in addition reactions, such as cycloadditions, osmylations, and electrophilic additions. Preparation of building blocks and bioactive natural products is described from the synthetic point of view, mostly concerning cyclitols, carbasugars, acetogenin and carbohydrates.
Dose‐Ranging Study to Delineate the Additive Antihypertensive Effect of Guanabenz and Captopril (1991)

This open crossover study in eight hypertensive patients defined a possible additive effect of oral guanabenz and captopril and determined a safe and effective dose range. Each group of four patients received placebo followed by ascending doses (on alternate days) of either guanabenz (2, 4, 8 mg) or captopril (6.25, 12.5, 25 mg) as initial monotherapy and were subsequently crossed over to the alternate monotherapy. Guanabenz and captopril were given concomitantly in increasing doses--the highest dose for both groups being 8 mg guanabenz/25 mg captopril. When guanabenz and captopril were given concomitantly, blood pressure decreased, both from the values during placebo administration and from the lead-in values recorded before each dose. Mean supine systolic and diastolic blood pressures after combination therapy decreased significantly (P less than .05) in a dose-related manner at most evaluations. The authors conclude that guanabenz and captopril have an additive effect when administered in combination to patients with hypertension.
From Starch to Carbon Materials: Insight into the Cross-Linking Reaction and Its Influence on the Carbonization Process (2019)

As a renewable biomass product, starch is a fantastic source for preparing various advanced carbon materials. But starch shows poor thermal stability. Its original spherical morphology tends to be disrupted by direct pyrolysis, and the carbon yield is low. Thus, prestabilization by chemical cross-linking is an effective approach to address the above issue. Herein, corn starch was cross-linked by (NH4)2HPO4, followed by carbonization to obtain uniform carbon microspheres. The chemical evolution from starch to carbon was studied systematically using thermogravimetric-mass spectrometry, in situ Fourier transform infrared, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance, and in situ X-ray diffraction technique. The mechanism of the cross-linking reaction and its influence on the carbonization process were proposed. The introduction of (NH4)2HPO4 promoted the dehydrogenation reaction of starch and further improved its carbonization behaviors. With the increased temperature, more stable heterocyclic aromatic moieties, such as amines, pyridine, pyrrole, and quaternary type N sites, formed in the carbon skeleton, which boosted the growth in cyclization and the size of the polyaromatic units. The further formation of C–O–PO3, C–P–O3, and C2–P–O2 played a critical role in cross-linking of polyaromatic unit fragments into graphitic crystalline, which facilitated the preservation of the natural microspheres morphology. The insights into the thermochemical conversion of starch paved a way for the controllable transformation from organic biomass to inorganic carbon materials, with desired structure and properties.
SRR loaded slot antenna for multiband applications (2017)

A compact square shaped microstrip triband slot antenna is proposed. Two Split Ring Resonators (SRR) of the same configuration are loaded at one edge of the slot in a back to back orientation. The other edge of the slot is displaced with two 180° rotated SRR's with multiple slits. The additional bands are obtained from the resonance properties of the loaded SRR's. The antenna is simulated and measured. The resonance frequencies obtained are 2.7 GHz, 4.3 GHz and 4.7 GHz. A minimum bandwidth of 130 MHz is achieved.
Challenges in Appearance Capture and Predictive Modeling of Textile Materials (2017)

The appearance of cloth is the result of complex light interactions within the structures present in textile materials, particularly challenging due to their multi-scale nature. In addition to the inherent complexity of cloth rendering, there is a lack of connection between computer graphics techniques and manufacturing processes followed in industry. We discuss existing techniques and pose questions about which are the right paths to follow for a better synergy between CG and textile research, including (but not restricted to): defining a standard set of properties required to predict the appearance of cloth to be manufactured; developing both acquisition techniques reliable and suitable for industrial processes and other frameworks more focused on inexpensive capturing (e.g. based on single pictures, Pantone labels); finding material representations that are robust in absence of several low-level parameters; creating a standard for color depth depending on the dye type and dying technique; developing a standard to account for post-process steps (washing, chemical treatments, etc) on the mechanical and optical properties of the textiles.
Biological Imaging and Radiobiological Modeling for Treatment Planning and Response Assessment in Radiation Therapy (2018)

Radiobiological descriptions of normal tissue and tumor response to radiation are often limited to fitting the mean or median of population-based data with little to no consideration of patient-specific variability of tumor or normal tissue properties that modulate this response. Biological imaging, including both molecular and functional imaging, noninvasively investigates properties that are spatially localized either to cancerous or functional tissue and that may dynamically vary with time. Within precision radiation therapy, quantitative biological imaging can define treatment-planning targets, define functional avoidance regions, and assess the response of targets and functional tissues during and after therapy. To use biological imaging for therapeutic applications, such as treatment planning and treatment response evaluation of spatial and temporal variations in biological properties that are unique to each individual patient, quantitative imaging biomarkers must be established. Quantitative imaging biomarkers may be associated with clinical endpoints, and they may complement tissues biomarkers, both potentially driving precision medicine.
The Computation of All 4R Serial Spherical Wrists With an Isotropic Architecture (2003)

A spherical wrist of the serial type with n revolute (R) joints is said to be isotropic if it can attain a posture whereby the singular values of its Jacobian matrix are all equal to n/3. What isotropy brings about is robustness to manufacturing, assembly, and measurement errors, thereby guaranteeing a maximum orientation accuracy. In this paper we investigate the existence of redundant isotropic architectures, which should add to the dexterity of the wrist under design by virtue of its extra degree of freedom. The problem formulation, for n=4, leads to a system of eight quadratic equations with eight unknowns. The Bezout number of this system is thus 28=256, its BKK bound being 192. However, the actual number of solutions is shown to be 32. We list all solutions of the foregoing algebraic problem. All these solutions are real, but distinct solutions do not necessarily lead to distinct manipulators. Upon discarding those algebraic solutions that yield no new wrists, we end up with exactly eight distinct architectures, the eight corresponding manipulators being displayed at their isotropic postures.
南斯拉夫关于“经济规律和社会主义经济”的讨论 (1985)

南斯拉夫塞尔维亚共和国共盟中央马克思主义中心社会经济关系部于1984年4月16日至27日,在贝尔格莱德组织了一次题为“经济规律和社会主义经济”的学术讨论会。本文是作者为这次讨论会撰写的题为《理论冲突和追求真理》的一篇综述。