gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Alkoxy substitution on IDT-Series and Y-Series non-fullerene acceptors yielding highly efficient organic solar cells (2021)

The alkoxy substitution were taken on IDT-series and Y-series non-fullerene acceptors. The resulting molecules named IDTN-O and Y6-O both exhibit better performance, indicating it is an effective method to optimize these two types of acceptors.
Evaluation of a simulation‐based curriculum for implementing a new clinical protocol (2016)

The training program was well received, and the accuracy of the communication and the goal set for reaching the operating room improved.
Overview of Human HtrA Family Proteases and Their Distinctive Physiological Roles and Unique Involvement in Diseases, Especially Cancer and Pregnancy Complications (2021)

The mammalian high temperature requirement A (HtrA) proteins are a family of evolutionarily conserved serine proteases, consisting of four homologs (HtrA1-4) that are involved in many cellular processes such as growth, unfolded protein stress response and programmed cell death. In humans, while HtrA1, 2 and 3 are widely expressed in multiple tissues with variable levels, HtrA4 expression is largely restricted to the placenta with the protein released into maternal circulation during pregnancy. This limited expression sets HtrA4 apart from the rest of the family. All four HtrAs are active proteases, and their specific cellular and physiological roles depend on tissue type. The dysregulation of HtrAs has been implicated in many human diseases such as cancer, arthritis, neurogenerative ailments and reproductive disorders. This review first discusses HtrAs broadly and then focuses on the current knowledge of key molecular characteristics of individual human HtrAs, their similarities and differences and their reported physiological functions. HtrAs in other species are also briefly mentioned in the context of understanding the human HtrAs. It then reviews the distinctive involvement of each HtrA in various human diseases, especially cancer and pregnancy complications. It is noteworthy that HtrA4 expression has not yet been reported in any primary tumour samples, suggesting an unlikely involvement of this HtrA in cancer. Collectively, we accentuate that a better understanding of tissue-specific regulation and distinctive physiological and pathological roles of each HtrA will improve our knowledge of many processes that are critical for human health.
Absorption of carbon dioxide in aqueous piperazine/methyldiethanolamine (2002)

Abstract Carbon dioxide absorption in 0.6 M piperazine (PZ)/4 M methyldiethanolamine (MDEA) was measured in a wetted wall contactor. The data were simulated using a model that accounts for chemical reactions and transport effects with the eddy diffusivity theory. PZ/MDEA blends absorb CO 2 faster than monoethanolamine (MEA) or diethanolamine (DEA) blends with MDEA at similar concentrations. The reaction of PZ to form a monocarbamate is dominant at low loading (&lt;0.14). The reaction of the monocarbamate to form dicarbamate is dominant at high loading. The absorption rate did not follow pseudo first‐order behavior except at very low loading. All carbamate and dicarbamate formation reactions approached instantaneous behavior at high loading. The series resistance due to pseudo first‐order reaction and instantaneous carbamate formation matched data throughout the entire loading range. A typical ammonia plant absorber was simulated at isothermal conditions using the rigorous model. Gas film limitations were dominant (&gt;50%) only at the top of the absorber.
A Novel Parameter Estimation Method Based on a Tuneable Sigmoid in Alpha-Stable Distribution Noise Environments (2018)

In this paper, a novel method, that employs a fractional Fourier transform and a tuneable Sigmoid transform, is proposed, in order to estimate the Doppler stretch and time delay of wideband echoes for a linear frequency modulation (LFM) pulse radar in an alpha-stable distribution noise environment. Two novel functions, a tuneable Sigmoid fractional correlation function (TS-FC) and a tuneable Sigmoid fractional power spectrum density (TS-FPSD), are presented in this paper. The novel algorithm based on the TS-FPSD is then proposed to estimate the Doppler stretch and the time delay. Then, the derivation of unbiasedness and consistency is presented. Furthermore, the boundness of the TS-FPSD to the symmetric alpha stable ( S α S ) noise, the parameter selection of the TS-FPSD, and the feasibility analysis of the TS-FPSD, are presented to evaluate the performance of the proposed method. In addition, the Cramér⁻Rao bound for parameter estimation is derived and computed in closed form, which shows that better performance has been achieved. Simulation results and theoretical analysis are presented, to demonstrate the applicability of the forgoing method. It is shown that the proposed method can not only effectively suppress impulsive noise interference, but it also does not need a priori knowledge of the noise with higher estimation accuracy in alpha-stable distribution noise environments.
Backside copper metallization of GaAs MESFETs using TaN as the diffusion barrier (2001)

Backside copper metallization of GaAs MESFETs using TaN as the diffusion barrier was studied. A thin TaN layer of 40 nm was sputtered on the GaAs substrate before copper film metallization, as judged from the data of X-ray diffraction (XRD), Auger electron spectroscopy (AES), and cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy (TEM), the Cu/TaN films with GaAs were very stable without interfacial interaction up to 550/spl deg/C annealing; the copper metallized MESFETs were thermally stressed at 300/spl deg/C. The devices showed very little change in the device characteristics (<3%) after thermal stress, and the changes of the electrical parameters and RF characteristics of the devices after thermal stress were of the same order as those devices without Cu metallization, these results show that TaN is a good diffusion barrier for Cu in GaAs devices and the Cu/TaN films can be used for the backside copper metallization of GaAs MESFETs.
Formal total syntheses of classic natural product target molecules via palladium-catalyzed enantioselective alkylation (2014)

Pd-catalyzed enantioselective alkylation in conjunction with further synthetic elaboration enables the formal total syntheses of a number of "classic" natural product target molecules. This publication highlights recent methods for setting quaternary and tetrasubstituted tertiary carbon stereocenters to address the synthetic hurdles encountered over many decades across multiple compound classes spanning carbohydrate derivatives, terpenes, and alkaloids. These enantioselective methods will impact both academic and industrial settings, where the synthesis of stereogenic quaternary carbons is a continuing challenge.
Similar incidences of TP53 deletions in extramedullary organ infiltrations, soft tissue and osteolyses of patients with multiple myeloma. (2012)

The incidence of del(17)(p13) was similar in both groups but overall it was higher when compared to published data obtained from bone marrow samples and material originating from osteolyses. Further investigations on a larger patient cohort are needed in order to confirm these findings.
Impact of EDFA gain fluctuations on the response of Opto VLSI based reconfigurable photonic RF filters (2003)

Opto-VLSI-based photonic signal processing is an attractive approach for realising reconfigurable RF filtering, where several high-Q Bragg cavities can be ontrolled to achieve a bandpass RF response with high skirt rejection. However, EDFA gain fluctuations are practically inevitable, and can cause instability in the RF frequency response of the photonic signal processor. In this paper, we investigate the impact of EDFA gain fluctuations on the response stability of Opto-VLSI based photonic filters, and evaluate the passband ripple level for different skirt rejection characteristics. Simulation results show that for a gain fluctuation of 0.1 dB, and maximum allowed ripple level of 1 dB, the minimum attainable shape factor of a 32-cavity Opto-VLSI based photonic RF filter is 5.5, which is 1.5 times higher than that attained by an EDFA-fluctuations-free photonic RF filter.
Breakdown voltage enhancement for power AlGaN/GaN HEMTs with Air-bridge Field Plate (2011)

This paper presents a breakdown voltage enhancement technique for power AlGaN/GaN HEMTs by using novel Air-bridge Field Plate (AFP). The device features a metal field plate that jumps from the source over the gate region and lands between gate and drain. Simulation results show that the HEMTs with Air-bridge Field Plate can provide a new degree of freedom to modulate the device surface electric field. In a device with gate to drain distance of 6 μm, gate length of 0.8 μm, two times higher forward blocking voltage of 450 V was obtained at V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">GS</sub> = -5 V when compared to a device with an optimized conventional field plate device (240 V) for a given process.
Permafrost as a Shared Arctic Variable from ArcticPASSION (2022)

Defining a Shared Arctic Variable (SAV) based on permafrost or 'Living on frozen ground', as part of the Arctic PASSION (‘Pan-Arctic Observing System of Systems: Implementing Observations for societal Needs’) combines scientific observations with novel approaches to bettering our understanding from the point of view of Arctic communities. Arctic PASSION therefore proposes using ‘Permafrost’ as a starting point for one Expert Panel to start developing a proposal for a SAV to the ROADS Advisory Panel.
Data from Activation of Placenta-Specific Transcription Factor <i>Distal-less</i> Homeobox 5 Predicts Clinical Outcome in Primary Lung Cancer Patients (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Purpose and Experimental Design:&lt;/b&gt; To identify novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets for lung cancers, we screened for genes that were highly transactivated in lung cancers using a cDNA microarray representing 27,648 genes. &lt;i&gt;DLX5&lt;/i&gt; gene, a member of the human &lt;i&gt;distal-less&lt;/i&gt; homeobox transcriptional factor family that is expressed during early embryonic development, was found to be overexpressed in the great majority of lung cancers. Tissue microarray consisting of archival non–small cell lung cancer samples from 369 patients was applied to examine the clinicopathologic significance of DLX5 protein. A role of DLX5 in cancer cell growth and/or survival was investigated through small interfering RNA experiments.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Results:&lt;/b&gt; Northern blot and immunohistochemical analyses detected expression of DLX5 only in placenta among 23 normal tissues examined. Immunohistochemical analysis showed that positive immunostaining of DLX5 was correlated with tumor size (pT classification; &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; = 0.0053) and poorer prognosis of non–small cell lung cancer patients (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; = 0.0045). It was also shown to be an independent prognostic factor (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; = 0.0415). Treatment of lung cancer cells with small interfering RNAs for &lt;i&gt;DLX5&lt;/i&gt; effectively knocked down its expression and suppressed cell growth.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Conclusions:&lt;/b&gt; These data implied that DLX5 is useful as a target for the development of anticancer drugs and cancer vaccines as well as for a prognostic biomarker in clinic.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Pulmonary mucus: Pediatric perspective (2003)

Airway mucus hypersecretion is a clinical feature of a number of childhood diseases, including asthma and bronchitis-associated conditions. However, compared with adults, there is relatively scarce information concerning mucus pathophysiology in respiratory diseases in children. The available evidence indicates many similarities between adult and childhood respiratory hypersecretory conditions, including goblet-cell hyperplasia and submucosal gland hypertrophy, and airway mucus plugging in asthma. Consequently, it is likely that treatments that are effective in adults would be effective in children. Numerous therapeutic targets are linked to the pathophysiology of airway mucus hypersecretion in experimental models and adults with respiratory disease. Whether or not these same targets are relevant in children is for the most part unclear. These targets include the inflammatory cells mediating the inflammatory response that generates the hypersecretory phenotype, and highly specific cellular elements such as epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase and calcium-activated chloride (CACL) channels. Identification of these factors is linked with the development of different classes of pharmacotherapeutic molecules directed at these targets. Compounds with a broader spectrum of anti-inflammatory activity are likely to be more effective than compounds with restricted activity. However, certain highly specific targets, such as human CACL1 channels, appear to be strongly associated with the development of an airway hypersecretory phenotype. Data from current clinical trials in adults with blockers of these specific targets are awaited with great interest. The hope is that, if effective, pediatric trials with these compounds could be initiated with a view to alleviation of the clinical impact of airway mucus hypersecretion in children. A significant challenge to the therapeutic progression of these new compounds is effective delivery to the airways in children, with the research effort into development of new compounds matched by advances in inhaler design.
Efficacy of prophylaxis with beta-lactams and beta-lactam-beta-lactamase inhibitor combinations against wound infection by methicillin-resistant and borderline-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus in a guinea pig model (1993)

Although some beta-lactams and beta-lactam-beta-lactamase inhibitor combinations exhibit activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, there remains the concern that therapeutic failures may result from the selection of resistant subpopulations. The prophylactic use of these antibiotics in clean surgery, however, may prove adequate since wound infections arise from the inoculation of small numbers of bacteria. In this clinical setting, heterogeneity in the phenotypic expression of beta-lactam resistance may facilitate antibiotic efficacy. Similarly, beta-lactamase-mediated resistance in S. aureus is dependent on inoculum size, and it may be possible to prevent infection from small inocula with relatively labile beta-lactams. To test this hypothesis, antibiotics were administered to guinea pigs as prophylaxis against infection by two methicillin-resistant strains and one borderline-susceptible strain. Following prophylaxis with sulbactam or placebo, inoculation of only a dozen or fewer bacteria had a 50% probability of creating an abscess (50% infective dose [ID50]). The efficacy of ampicillin was similar to that of cefazolin, exhibiting moderate activity against the borderline-susceptible strain (ID50s, greater than 300 bacteria) and minimal activity against the methicillin-resistant strains (ID50s, fewer than 100 bacteria). Coadministration of sulbactam with ampicillin or cefazolin yielded better results than the beta-lactam alone for five of six strain-beta-lactam combinations, including an 80-fold increase in the efficacy of ampicillin-sulbactam compared with that of ampicillin for one methicillin-resistant strain (ID50s, 2,017 and 25 bacteria, respectively). Prophylaxis with beta-lactams, especially beta-lactam-beta-lactamase inhibitor combinations, reduces the risk of wound infection by beta-lactam-resistant S. aureus.
Height measurement of solder bumps using two-wavelength parallel four-step phase shifting digital holography (2021)

Digital holography (DH) with two wavelengths (TW) that are close to each other was applied to height measurement of solder bumps having spherical specular surfaces with diameters of <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"> <mml:mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mml:mo>∼</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mml:mn>20</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> <mml:mspace width="thickmathspace"/> <mml:mtext>µ</mml:mtext> <mml:mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal">m</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> and heights of <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"> <mml:mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mml:mo>∼</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mml:mn>20</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> <mml:mspace width="thickmathspace"/> <mml:mtext>µ</mml:mtext> <mml:mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal">m</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> . We employed the parallel phase shifting method for instantaneous image capturing, and we improved the spatial resolution of our TW-DH system having two beams with different wavelengths that traveled in opposite directions in the interferometer. It gave 74-times higher repetition and 2.4-times higher spatial resolution than those in our previous DH system based on the Fourier transform method.
Contrast‐detail analysis for detection and characterization with near‐infrared diffuse tomography (2000)

Near-infrared (NIR) diffuse tomography is emerging as a medical imaging modality for obtaining information related to tissue hemoglobin concentration and oxygen saturation and may be used for characterizing diseased tissues such as breast cancer. The optimal methodology for NIR image reconstruction remains an ongoing research problem with several new approaches being demonstrated in recent years. However, a comparison of reconstruction methods is problematic because tools for the objective assessment of image quality have yet to be clearly defined for this type of nonlinear reconstruction problem. Contrast-detail analysis has become an accepted assessment tool to quantify x-ray mammography image quality, and in this study it has been applied to a prototype NIR diffuse tomography system that is being evaluated for breast cancer characterization. The minimum detectable levels of contrast have been defined for different sizes of objects, and the minimum contrasts which can be accurately reconstructed have also been determined for the same object sizes. In general, objects 8 mm and larger in diameter can be accurately reconstructed and detected for most absorption contrasts which are observed in human tissues (i.e., greater than 1% contrast in absorption). Objects as small as 2 mm can be detected with high contrast (i.e., near 100%), but cannot be accurately reconstructed. Within the size range of 2 mm to 8 mm, there is an inverse correlation between contrast and detail size which is characteristic of the total noise in the system. This analysis provides an objective method for assessing detection and characterization limits and can be applied to future improvements in hardware system architecture as well as reconstruction algorithms.
HGG-40. FOCUSED ULTRASOUND ENHANCES ETOPOSIDE DELIVERY IN A MURINE PONTINE GLIOMA MODEL (2021)

Abstract Background Diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma (DIPG) is a devastating pediatric brain cancer with limited treatment options and poor survival. The delivery of systemic therapies in this disease is severely limited by the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Focused ultrasound combined with intravenous microbubbles (FUS+MB) can effectively open the BBB permitting the entry of drugs across the cerebrovasculature. Etoposide is a chemotherapy frequently used in pediatric oncology with well-established anti-tumor effects but limited efficacy when administered systemically in DIPG. Given that FUS+MB in DIPG is not well studied, our goal was to determine the feasibility of ultrasound-mediated BBB opening and etoposide delivery in a preclinical murine pontine glioma model. Methods A syngeneic, orthotopic model was established by stereotactic injection of PDGF-B+PTEN-/-p53-/- murine glioma cells into the pons of B6 albino mice. Mice were randomly divided into control (n=6) or FUS+MB groups (n=6). A single-element, spherical-segment FUS transducer (center frequency=1.5MHz) driven by a function generator through a power amplifier was used with concurrent microbubble injection to sonicate the tumor and its margins on post-injection day 14. Immediately after treatment, 5 mg/kg of intraperitoneal etoposide was administered to all 12 mice. All animals underwent cardiac puncture and blood sampling, followed by transcardiac perfusion and brain harvesting. Liquid chromatography-mass spectometry was performed on both serum and tumor tissue to measure etoposide levels. Results Contrast-enhanced MRI demonstrated successful BBB opening in all FUS+MB mice. Compared to control (mean=20.98ng/g), etoposide concentration in the sonicated tumor tissue (mean=164.77ng/g) was nearly eight times greater. Lastly, the mean brain tumor–to-serum ratio was more than fivefold higher in the treated mice (1.50%) compared with the control mice (0.28%) (P&amp;lt;0.005). Conclusions FUS+MB is hereby shown successful in BBB opening and enhanced delivery of etoposide in a preclinical pontine glioma model.
Investigation of the formation of RuO2-based mixed oxide coatings by secondary ion mass spectrometry (1996)

The evolution of a RuO2–TiO2 film electrode has been studied as a function of temperature by secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS). The coating mixture prepared on a titanium support from an isopropyl alcohol solution of hydrated ruthenium chloride and titanium diisopropoxide bispentane-2,4-dionate precursors was heated to various temperatures and analysed by SIMS. Concentration depth profiles of some selected species (eg. Cl–, O–, CIO–, TiO + and Ru+) were used to monitor the process of film evolution and to identify surface segregation phenomena resulting from the increased dispersity of the noble metal. The results obtained are complementary to previous measurements acquired by thermoanalytical and emission FTIR methods.
RECONOCIMIENTO A LA LABOR DOCENTE EN LA FACULTAD DE MEDICINA (1986)

PARA LA ACTUAL ADMINISTRACION DE ESTA CASA DE ESTUDIOS HA SIDO MOTIVO DE PREOCUPACION MANTENER UN BUEN NIVEL ACADEMICO Y ALCANZAR EL GRADO DE EXCELENCIA QUE DEBE DISTINGUIR A LA PRINCIPAL INSTITUCION FORMADORA DE RECURSOS HUMANOS EN MEXICO. EL DOCTOR FERNANDO CANO VALLE, DIRECTOR DE LA FACULTAD DE MEDICINA, MANIFESTO LO ANTERIOR DURANTE LA CEREMONIA EN LA CUAL EL DOCTOR JORGE CARPIZO, RECTOR DE LA UNAM, ENTREGO DIPLOMAS Y MEDALLAS A LOS PROFESORES QUE CUMPLIERON DE 10 A 45 ANOS DE SERVICIO ACADEMICO EN EL PLANTEL.
Specific High-Affinity Binding of Thiazole Orange to Triplex and G-Quadruplex DNA (2010)

Interaction of Thiazole Orange (TO) with double-, triple-, and quadruple-stranded forms of DNA was studied. We have demonstrated by UV-vis absorption, circular dichroism (CD), and fluorescence spectroscopy that TO binds with much higher affinity to triplex and G-quadruplex DNA structures compared to double-stranded (ds) DNA. Complexes of the dye with DNA triplexes and G-quadruplexes are very stable and do not dissociate during chromatography and gel electrophoresis. TO binding to either triple- or quadruple-stranded DNA structures results in a >1000-fold increase in dye fluorescence. The fluorescence titration data showed that TO to triad and tetrad ratios, in tight complexes with the triplex and the G-quadruplex, are equal to 0.5 and 1, respectively. Preferential binding of TO to triplexes and G-quadruplexes enables selective detection of only these DNA forms in gels in the absence of free TO in electrophoresis running buffer. We have also demonstrated that incubation of U2OS cells with submicromolar concentrations of TO results in preferential staining of certain areas in the nucleus in contrast to DAPI which binds to dsDNA and efficiently stains regions that are unstained with TO. We suggest that TO staining may be useful for the detection of noncanonical structural motifs in genomic DNA.