gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Plant Extracts as Possible Agents for Sequela of Cancer Therapies and Cachexia (2020)

Cancer is a leading cause of the death worldwide. Since the National Cancer Act in 1971, various cancer treatments were developed including chemotherapy, surgery, radiation therapy and so forth. However, sequela of such cancer therapies and cachexia are problem to the patients. The primary mechanism of cancer sequela and cachexia is closely related to reactive oxygen species (ROS) and inflammation. As antioxidant properties of numerous plant extracts have been widely reported, plant-derived drugs may have efficacy on managing the sequela and cachexia. In this study, recent seventy-four studies regarding plant extracts showing ability to manage the sequela and cachexia were reviewed. Some plant-derived antioxidants inhibited cancer proliferation and inflammation after surgery and others prevented chemotherapy-induced normal cell apoptosis. Also, there are plant extracts that suppressed radiation-induced oxidative stress and cell damage by elevation of glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and regulation of B-cell lymphoma 2 (BcL-2) and Bcl-2-associated X protein (Bax). Cachexia was also alleviated by inhibition of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) by plant extracts. This review focuses on the potential of plant extracts as great therapeutic agents by controlling oxidative stress and inflammation.
MyoD and the regulation of myogenesis by helix-loop-helix proteins. (1991)

The MyoD protein is sufficient to orchestrate the coordinated expression of most, if not all, ofthe skeletal myogenic program in cell types derived from all three germ layers of the embryo. As such the regulation ofMyoD expression and protein activity creates a nodal point, or master switch, that integrates the ge- netic and environmental influences on a cell. The expression and activity ofthe MyoD protein is regulated, in part, by inter- action with members of a large family of proteins related to MyoD by sequence homology, the helix-loop-helix (HLH)' proteins. This review will focus on the regulation of skeletal myogenesis by MyoD and related myogenic HLH proteins.
Amide Synthesis from Alcohols and Amines Catalyzed by Ruthenium N‐Heterocyclic Carbene Complexes (2010)

The direct synthesis of amides from alcohols and amines is described with the simultaneous liberation of dihydrogen. The reaction does not require any stoichiometric additives or hydrogen acceptors and is catalyzed by ruthenium N-heterocyclic carbene complexes. Three different catalyst systems are presented that all employ 1,3-diisopropylimidazol-2-ylidene (IiPr) as the carbene ligand. In addition, potassium tert-butoxide and a tricycloalkylphosphine are required for the amidation to proceed. In the first system, the active catalyst is generated in situ from [RuCl(2)(cod)] (cod=1,5-cyclooctadiene), 1,3-diisopropylimidazolium chloride, tricyclopentylphosphonium tetrafluoroborate, and base. The second system uses the complex [RuCl(2)(IiPr)(p-cymene)] together with tricyclohexylphosphine and base, whereas the third system employs the Hoveyda-Grubbs 1st-generation metathesis catalyst together with 1,3-diisopropylimidazolium chloride and base. A range of different primary alcohols and amines have been coupled in the presence of the three catalyst systems to afford the corresponding amides in moderate to excellent yields. The best results are obtained with sterically unhindered alcohols and amines. The three catalyst systems do not show any significant differences in reactivity, which indicates that the same catalytically active species is operating. The reaction is believed to proceed by initial dehydrogenation of the primary alcohol to the aldehyde that stays coordinated to ruthenium and is not released into the reaction mixture. Addition of the amine forms the hemiaminal that undergoes dehydrogenation to the amide. A catalytic cycle is proposed with the {(IiPr)Ru(II)} species as the catalytically active components.
Effect of poly‑arginine R18 on neurocyte cell growth via autophagy in traumatic brain injury (2019)

The present study assessed the effects of poly-arginine R18 and its promotion of neurocyte cell growth via autophagy in traumatic brain injury (TBI), and aimed to determine the possible mechanism by which this occurs. Brain water content was measured to analyze the effects of poly-arginine R18 in TBI. MTT and lactate dehydrogenase activity assays were performed to measure N2A cell growth. Western blotting and immunofluorescence staining were also performed to determine the protein expression of Bcl-2 associated X, LC3, Beclin-1 and p62. The results demonstrated that poly-arginine R18 treatment reduced neurocyte apoptosis and promoted neurocyte cell growth via the activation of autophagy in a rat model of TBI. Furthermore, poly-arginine R18 treatment promoted neurocyte cell growth, reduced apoptosis, induced the protein expression of LC3 and Beclin-1, and suppressed p62 expression by promoting autophagy <i>in vitro</i>. In addition, the inhibition of autophagy attenuated the effects of poly-arginine R18 on cell growth <i>in vitro</i>. Collectively, the results demonstrate the effects of poly-arginine R18 on neurocyte cell growth via autophagy activation in a model of TBI, and poly-arginine R18 is therefore a potential therapeutic target in TBI.
Towards optimization-safe systems (2013)

This paper studies an emerging class of software bugs called optimization-unstable code: code that is unexpectedly discarded by compiler optimizations due to undefined behavior in the program. Unstable code is present in many systems, including the Linux kernel and the Postgres database. The consequences of unstable code range from incorrect functionality to missing security checks.
Achieving high selectivity for nitrate electrochemical reduction to ammonia over MOF-supported RuxOy clusters (2022)

Nitrate (NO 3 − ) electroreduction to ammonia (NH 4 + ) is a sustainable alternative strategy for NH 4 + synthesis, and it can be used to solve the water pollution problem by simultaneously turning waste into high-value ammonia.
Suppression of p53 and p21CIP1/WAF1Reduces Arsenite-Induced Aneuploidy (2009)

Aneuploidy and extensive chromosomal rearrangements are common in human tumors. The role of DNA damage response proteins p53 and p21(CIP1/WAF1) in aneugenesis and clastogenesis was investigated in telomerase immortalized diploid human fibroblasts using siRNA suppression of p53 and p21(CIP1/WAF1). Cells were exposed to the environmental carcinogen sodium arsenite (15 and 20 microM), and the induction of micronuclei (MN) was evaluated in binucleated cells using the cytokinesis-block assay. To determine whether MN resulted from missegregation of chromosomes or from chromosomal fragments, we used a fluorescent in situ hybridization with a centromeric DNA probe. Micronuclei were predominantly of clastogenic origin in control cells regardless of p53 or p21(CIP1/WAF1) expression. MN with centromere signals in cells transfected with NSC siRNA or Mock increased 30% after arsenite exposure, indicating that arsenite induced aneuploidy in the tGM24 cells. Although suppression of p53 increased the fraction of arsenite-treated cells with MN, it caused a decrease in the fraction with centromeric DNA. Suppression of p21(CIP1/WAF1) like p53 suppression decreased the fraction of MN with centromeric DNA. Our results suggest that cells lacking normal p53 function cannot become aneuploid because they die by mitotic arrest-associated apoptosis, whereas cells with normal p53 function that are able to exit from mitotic arrest can become aneuploid. Furthermore, our current results support this role for p21(CIP1/WAF1) since suppression of p21(CIP1/WAF1) caused a decrease in aneuploidy induced by arsenite, suggesting that p21(CIP1/WAF1) plays a role in mitotic exit.
Infection of human cancer cells with myxoma virus requires Akt activation via interaction with a viral ankyrin-repeat host range factor (2006)

We demonstrate that the susceptibility of human cancer cells to be infected and killed by an oncolytic poxvirus, myxoma virus (MV), is related to the basal level of endogenous phosphorylated Akt. We further demonstrate that nonpermissive tumor cells will switch from resistant to susceptible for MV infection after expression of ectopically active Akt (Myr-Akt) and that permissive cancer cells can be rendered nonpermissive by blocking Akt activation with a dominant-negative inhibitor of Akt. Finally, the activation of Akt by MV involves the formation of a complex between the viral host range ankyrin-repeat protein, M-T5, and Akt. We conclude that the Akt pathway is a key restriction determinant for permissiveness of human cancer cells by MV.
Antibacterial activities of serum from the Komodo Dragon (Varanus komodoensis) (2013)

Komodo dragons (Varanus komodoensis) are able to feed on large prey items by injecting a dose of toxic bacteria with their bite that, over time, kills the prey by systemic infection. Dragons also suffer bites from other members of their own species during territorial disputes and feeding frenzies. However, they do not suffer the same fate as their prey, suggesting that they have developed a strong immunity to bacterial infections. This study was undertaken to determine the antibacterial activities of serum from the Komodo dragon. Bacterial cultures were treated with different volumes serum from Varanus komodoensis and the growth was monitored by optical density at 430 nm. In addition, the serum was treated with protease, chelators of divalent metal ions, or with mild heat to determine the mechanism of antibacterial activities. Treatment of bacterial cultures with serum from Komodo dragons (Varanus komodoensis) resulted in a volume-dependent decrease in bacterial growth. Cultures of Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Klebsiella oxytoca exhibited moderate-strong growth inhibition by V. komodoensis serum, while cultures of Streptococcus epidermitis, Salmonella typhimurium, Providencia stuartii, and Shigella flexneri were nearly completely obliterated for 24 h by only 10% (v/v) serum. The antibacterial activity of V. komodensis serum occurred very rapidly, as 18% of E. coli growth was inhibited by a five min exposure to serum. Furthermore, 10- and 20-min incubations of E. coli with serum from V. komodoensis resulted in 43 and 68% inhibition of bacterial growth, respectively. The bactericidal capacity of the serum against E. coli was 2,075,000 bacteria/μL serum, and was inhibited by mild heat treatment, pronase, EDTA, and phosphate, indicating that the anti-bacterial action is most probably due to the presence of a potent serum complement protein system.
Ganglioside-specific Binding Protein on Rat Brain Membranes (1989)

A derivative of ganglioside GT1b (IV3NeuAc,II3(NeuAc)2-GgOse4) with an active ester in its lipid portion was synthesized and covalently attached to bovine serum albumin (BSA). The conjugate, having four GT1b molecules per albumin molecule [GT1b)4BSA) was radioiodinated and used to probe rat brain membranes for ganglioside binding proteins. A ganglioside-specific, high affinity (KD = 2-4 nM), saturable (Bmax = 13-20 pmol/mg membrane protein) binding site for 125I-(GT1b)4BSA was demonstrated on detergent-solubilized rat brain membranes adsorbed to filters. 125I-(GT1b)4BSA binding was tissue-specific (more than 35-fold greater to brain than to liver membranes) and was nearly eliminated by pretreatment of brain membrane-adsorbed filters with trypsin (1 microgram/ml). Underivatized gangliosides added as mixed detergent-lipid micelles blocked 125I-(GT1b)4BSA binding to brain membranes; structurally related GQ1b, GT1b, and GD1b were the most potent (half-maximal inhibition at 70-110 nM), while half-maximal inhibition by other gangliosides (GD3, GD1a, GM3, GM2, and GM1) required 5-20-fold higher concentrations. Other sphingolipids, neutral glycosphingolipids, and glycoproteins were poor inhibitors, and treatment of (GT1b)4BSA with neuraminidase attenuated its binding. Although most phospholipids were noninhibitory, phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylglycerol inhibited half-maximally at 400-600 nM. However, inhibition of 125I-(GT1b)4BSA binding by gangliosides was competitive and reversible while that by phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylglycerol was not. Ganglioside-protein conjugate binding reveals ganglioside-specific brain membrane receptors.
A Comparison of Language Achievement in Children With Cochlear Implants and Children Using Hearing Aids (1999)

English language achievement of 29 prelingually deaf children with 3 or more years of cochlear implant (CI) experience was compared to the achievement levels of prelingually deaf children who did not have such CI experience. Language achievement was measured by the Rhode Island Test of Language Structure (RITLS), a measure of signed and spoken sentence comprehension, and the Index of Productive Syntax (IPSyn), a measure of expressive (signed and spoken) English grammar. When the CI users were compared with their deaf age mates who contributed to the norms of the RITLS, it was found that CI users achieved significantly better scores. Likewise, we found that CI users performed better than 29 deaf children who used hearing aids (HAs) with respect to English grammar achievement as indexed by the IPSyn. Additionally, we found that chronological age highly correlated with IPSyn levels only among the non-CI users, whereas length of CI experience was significantly correlated with IPSyn scores for CI users. Finally, clear differences between those with and without CI experience were found by 2 years of post-implant experience. These data provide evidence that children who receive CIs benefit in the form of improved English language comprehension and production.
Reliability of inertial sensor based spatiotemporal gait parameters for short walking bouts in community dwelling older adults (2021)

A combination of using bilateral sensor data and adaptive thresholds for gait event detection enable reliable measures of spatiotemporal gait parameters over short walking bouts (minimum six gait cycles) in community dwelling older adults. This opens new possibilities in the use of wearable sensors in gait assessment based on short walking tasks. We recommend the number of gait cycles should be reported along with the calculated measures as reference values.
Synthesis and Evaluation of Lipophilic BTBP Ligands for An/Ln Separation in Nuclear Waste Treatment: The Effect of Alkyl Substitution on Extraction Properties and Implications for Ligand Design (Eur. J. Org. Chem. 8/2012) (2012)

Abstract The cover picture shows four radiochemical gloveboxes used for working with plutonium and other α‐active radioactive materials as the background image. The gloveboxes contain centrifugal contactors and mixer‐settler rigs for use in laboratory‐scale solvent extraction, actinide oxide dissolution and aqueous actinide chemistry and spectroscopy. The picture is courtesy of Dr. Robin Taylor, National Nuclear Laboratory, Sellafield, Seascale, Cumbria CA20 1PG, UK. The foreground represents the selective extraction of Am III over Eu III by new 6,6′‐bis(triazinyl)‐2,2′‐bipyridine (BTBP) ligands, a family of ligands currently under study for the separation of actinides from lanthanides in a proposed future selective actinide extraction (SANEX) process. This separation is foreseen as an important step in reducing the long‐term radiotoxicity of nuclear waste. Details are discussed in the article by F. W. Lewis, L. M. Harwood et al. on p. 1509 ff. magnified image
Positive excimer laser resists prepared with aliphatic diazoketones (1989)

Abstract A new class of alkali‐developable positive excimer laser (KrF) resists is described. Novel α‐diazoacetoacetates derived from aliphatic polyfunctional alcohols were synthesized. These compounds undergo photolysis upon deep UV exposure to yield carboxylic acids, and exhibit excellent bleaching effects. Some of them, especially those having steroid skeletons, act as effective dissolution inhibitors. The composites prepared from these compounds and poly(p‐hydroxybenzylsilsesquioxane) were used as alkali‐developable positive deep UV resists, whose sensitivities depend on the number of photoactive groups in one photoactive molecule. Imaging results of KrF excimer laser projection printing are presented.
Cauda Equina Syndrome Due to Lumbar Disc Herniation: a Review of Literature (2017)

Cauda equina syndrome (CES) is a rare neurologic condition that is caused by compression of the cauda equina. Cauda equina consists of spinal nerves L2-L5, S1-S5 and the coccygeal nerve. The compression of these nerve roots can be caused mainly by lumbar disc herniation (45% of all causes). The diagnosis consists of two critical points: a) detailed history and physical examination and b) MRI or CT. The gold standard of the treatment of this syndrome is the surgical approach in combination with the timing of onset of symptoms. The surgery as an emergency situation is recommended in the fi rst 48 hours of onset of symptoms. Any delay in diagnosis and treatment leads to a poor prognosis of CES.
Identification of peptide hormones of the amphipathic helix class using the helical hydrophobic moment algorithm (1989)

Eisenberg's helical hydrophobic moment (less than mu H greater than) algorithm was applied to the analysis of the primary structure of amphipathic alpha-helical peptide hormones and an optimal method for identifying other peptides of this class determined. We quantitate and compare known amphipathic helical peptide hormones with a second group of peptides with proven nonamphipathic properties and determine the best method of distinguishing between them. The respective means of the maximum 11 residue less than mu H greater than for the amphipathic helical and control peptides were 0.46 (+/-/-0.07) and 0.33 (0.07) (P + 0.004). To better reflect the amphipathic potential of the entire peptide, the percent of 11 residue segments in each peptide above a particular less than mu H greater than was plotted vs less than mu H greater than. The resulting curves are referred to as HM-C. The mean HM-C (of the two groups) was highly significantly different such that the HM-C method was superior to others in its ability to distinguish amphipathic from nonamphipathic peptides. Several potential new members of this structural class were identified using this approach. Molecular modeling of a portion of one of these, prolactin inhibitory factor, reveals a strongly amphipathic alpha helix at residues 4-21. This computer-based method may enable rapid identification of peptides of the amphipathic alpha-helix class.
Determination of carbon-13 by infrared spectrophotometry of carbon monoxide (1970)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDetermination of carbon-13 by infrared spectrophotometry of carbon monoxideRobin S. McDowellCite this: Anal. Chem. 1970, 42, 11, 1192–1193Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1970Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1970https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60293a020RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views88Altmetric-Citations10LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (252 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
PROPIEDADES FÍSICAS DEL GRANO Y CALIDAD DE LOS GRUPOS RACIALES DE MAÍCES NATIVOS (CRIOLLOS) DE MÉXICO (2013)

La calidad del maíz (Zea mays L.) ha sido el principal criterio de selección utilizado por nuestros ancestros para su mejoramiento. De hecho, gran parte del maíz que consume nuestra población ha estado sujeto durante siglos a la selección por sabor, aroma y textura en diferentes productos. Sin embargo, las clasificaciones y los registros de razas, híbridos y variedades se han hecho desde el punto de vista agronómico, citológico y taxonómico, y existen pocos estudios sobre la evaluación de sus propiedades físicas y de calidad. El presente trabajo de revisión tiene por objetivo analizar los resultados que se han publicado en el contexto de la calidad de los maíces nativos (razas) de México, y compararlos con las clasificaciones agronómicas de las razas. Los datos analizados muestran que las clasificaciones agronómicas de los grupos raciales del maíz en México, aunque importantes para el manejo en programas de mejoramiento, no presentaron relación directa con los aspectos de calidad para tortilla y otros usos. La dureza de grano o el índice de flotación fueron las características más relacionadas con el desempeño de las razas en el procesamiento y calidad de los productos y pudiera ser importante incorporarlas a los sistemas de clasificación.
A Simple,Fast and Efficient Site-directed Mutagenesis Method with Over-extention PCR (2007)

Objective: to introduce a simple,fast overlap-extension PCR site-directed mutagenesis method.Methods: Overlap-extension PCR was used to mutagenate human TGF-β2 gene promoter(-270bp~+280bp)-114bp region from 5' CGTG3' to 5' TTTG3'.The first two PCR products were electrophoresised on agarose-gel,instead of purification,the aimed segments gel were cut down and put into EP at-80℃ for 10-20min cool,then the gel were centrifuged and the supernatants were used as template for the third PCR.The final PCR segment was cloned into pGL3-basic for sequencing.Results: huaman TGF-β2 gene promoter mutant had been successfully constructed.Conclusion: The method was effective and simple for site-directed mutagenesis construction.
Emitter coupled logic and cascode current switch testability and design for test (2003)

Application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs) are frequently utilized in applications demanding the highest circuit performance. Gate delays under 300 ps are now achievable using emitter coupled logic (ECL) and cascode current switch (CCS). However, as performance increases, so does the difficulty and cost of testing for quality parts. The design and operation of ECL and CCS and their sensitivities to chip failure mechanisms are discussed. By applying DC-level shifts to the internal signals, these faults can become testable. An approach to the design and test of these gates which enhances the testability of both AC and DC defects is given.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>