gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Recent advances in ionic liquid catalysis (2011)

Due to their unique properties, ionic liquids have offered great potential for developing clean catalytic technologies. After a short introduction of their advantages in green catalysis, recent advances in ionic liquid catalysis are reviewed with emphasis on four hot fields, viz. biomass conversion in ionic liquids, catalytic production of fine chemicals in ionic liquids, supported ionic liquid phase catalysis, as well as Friedel–Crafts reactions in ionic liquids. In particular, through selected samples, we show here the advantages and potential of ionic liquids in exploring cleaner catalytic technologies, as compared to traditional catalytic processes. Finally, further development of ILs in catalysis is briefly prospected.
Design of Low-Cost FPGA Hardware for Real-time ICA-Based Blind Source Separation Algorithm (2005)

Blind source separation (BSS) of independent sources from their convolutive mixtures is a problem in many real-world multisensor applications. In this paper, we propose and implement an efficient FPGA hardware architecture for the realization of a real-time BSS. The architecture can be implemented using a low-cost FPGA (field programmable gate array). The architecture offers a good balance between hardware requirement (gate count and minimal clock speed) and separation performance. The FPGA design implements the modified Torkkola's BSS algorithm for audio signals based on ICA (independent component analysis) technique. Here, the separation is performed by implementing noncausal filters, instead of the typical causal filters, within the feedback network. This reduces the required length of the unmixing filters as well as provides better separation and faster convergence. Description of the hardware as well as discussion of some issues regarding the practical hardware realization are presented. Results of various FPGA simulations as well as real-time testing of the final hardware design in real environment are given.
Lipids of filamentous fungi as a material for producing biodiesel fuel (2008)

Species of various filamentous fungus taxa were tested for ability to produce lipids suitable as a material for manufacturing biodiesel. The mucoralean fungus Cunninghamella japonica was found to be a promising lipid producer. The inexpensive medium for its growth developed in this study contained ammonium nitrate as a nitrogen source. With its use, up to 16 g/l biomass and over 7 g/l lipids was obtained. The fungal lipids were dominated by oleic acid. It constituted 50% of total fatty acids. The iodine index of the lipid fraction was 86.61. The heat of combustion of the lipids, 37.13 MJ/kg, was close to the value for rapeseed oil.
Parallel processing architecture of H.264 adaptive deblocking filters (2009)

In H.264, computational complexity and memory access of deblocking filters are variable, dependent on video contents. This paper proposes a VLSI architecture of deblocking filters with adaptive dynamic power, which avoids redundant computations and memory accesses by precluding the blocks that can be skipped. The vertical and horizontal edges are simultaneously processed in an advanced scan order to speed up the decoder. As a result, dynamic power of the proposed architecture can be reduced adaptively (up to about 89%) for different videos, and the off-chip memory access is improved when compared to previous designs. Moreover, the processing capability of the proposed architecture is in particular appropriate for real-time deblocking of high-definition television (HDTV, 1920×1080 pixels/frame, 60 frames/s video signals) video operation at 62 MHz. Using the proposed architecture, power can be reduced by up to about 89% and processing time by from 25% to 81% compared with previous designs.
Cross-national harmonization of neurocognitive assessment across five sites in a global study. (2022)

Four out of the five sites showed only small between-site differences for each task. Nevertheless, despite our extensive prospective harmonization steps, task score performance deviated from the other sites in the Netherlands site (on four tasks) and the India site (on one task). Because the procedural methods were standardized across sites, and our analyses were adjusted for covariates, the differences found in cognitive performance may indicate selection sampling bias due to unmeasured confounders. Future studies should follow similar cross-site prospective harmonization procedures when assessing neurocognition and consider measuring other possible confounding variables for additional statistical control. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).
Autoantibodies to the alpha/beta T-cell receptors in human immunodeficiency virus infection: dysregulation and mimicry. (1994)

Autoimmune reactivity is a consequence of infection with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). We studied serological cross-reactions of purified pooled IgG from sera of HIV-infected individuals by using nested sets of synthetic overlapping peptides duplicating the covalent structures of T-cell receptors (TCRs) and immunoglobulin light chains and report that two processes of autoantibody production occur. (i) IgG autoantibodies to putative regulatory variable domain CDR1 and FR3 epitopes (where CDR is complementarity-determining region and FR is framework region) are present in pooled IgG from HIV-infected individuals at levels 10-fold greater than that in pooled IgG from healthy humans. (ii) Anti-TCR autoimmunization involves antigenic mimicry between a conserved peptide stretch of the major neutralizing V3 loop determinant of HIV-1 gp120 and the conserved FR4 segment of the TCR V beta. Affinity-purified antibodies to the synthetic V3 loop peptide bound to a recombinant single-chain TCR and to a synthetic TCR joining segment peptide containing the FR4 sequence. Conversely, affinity-purified autoantibodies from pooled IgG from HIV-infected individuals to the TCR peptide bound the V3 loop peptide and a single-chain TCR. Inhibition studies indicated that the cross-reactive immunizing antigen was the V3 loop. These results bear upon the impact of HIV infection on immune regulation and on the selection of peptides for vaccine development.
415: Does Adjuvant BCG Therapy Reduce the Incidence or Time to Recurrence in Upper Tract Transitional Cell Carcinoma? A 20 Year Experience (2007)

You have accessJournal of UrologyModerated Poster 13, Sunday, May 20, 2007, 1:00 - 3:00 pm1 Apr 2007415: Does Adjuvant BCG Therapy Reduce the Incidence or Time to Recurrence in Upper Tract Transitional Cell Carcinoma? A 20 Year Experience Ardeshir R. Rastinehad, Michael C. Ost, Kathryn L. Greenberg, Brian A. VanderBrink, Benjamin R. Lee, Gopal H. Badlani, and Arthur D. Smith Ardeshir R. RastinehadArdeshir R. Rastinehad More articles by this author , Michael C. OstMichael C. Ost More articles by this author , Kathryn L. GreenbergKathryn L. Greenberg More articles by this author , Brian A. VanderBrinkBrian A. VanderBrink More articles by this author , Benjamin R. LeeBenjamin R. Lee More articles by this author , Gopal H. BadlaniGopal H. Badlani More articles by this author , and Arthur D. SmithArthur D. Smith More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5347(18)30668-2AboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail "415: Does Adjuvant BCG Therapy Reduce the Incidence or Time to Recurrence in Upper Tract Transitional Cell Carcinoma? A 20 Year Experience." The Journal of Urology, 177(4S), p. 138 © 2016 by American Urological AssociationFiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 177Issue 4SApril 2007Page: 138 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2016 by American Urological AssociationMetricsAuthor Information Ardeshir R. Rastinehad More articles by this author Michael C. Ost More articles by this author Kathryn L. Greenberg More articles by this author Brian A. VanderBrink More articles by this author Benjamin R. Lee More articles by this author Gopal H. Badlani More articles by this author Arthur D. Smith More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF downloadLoading ...
A highly sensitive imaging polarimeter in the x-ray regime (2020)

We report on the development of a highly sensitive imaging polarimeter that allows for the investigation of polarization changing properties of materials in the x-ray regime. By combining a microfocus rotating anode, collimating multilayer mirrors, and two germanium polarizer crystals, we achieved a polarization purity of the two orthogonal linear polarization states of 8 × 10−8. This enables the detection of an ellipticity on the same order or a rotation of the polarization plane of 6 arcsec. The high sensitivity combined with the imaging techniques allows us to study the microcrystalline structure of materials. As an example, we investigated beryllium sheets of different grades, which are commonly used for fabricating x-ray lenses, with a spatial resolution of 200 μm, and observed a strong degradation of the polarization purity due to the polycrystalline nature of beryllium. This makes x-ray lenses made of beryllium unsuitable for imaging polarimeter with higher spatial resolution. The results are important for the development of x-ray optical instruments that combine high spatial resolution and high sensitivity to polarization.
Supermode Analysis and Characterization of Triangular Vertical Cavity Surface Emitting Laser Diode Arrays (2023)

We show in simulation and experiment that the coherent coupling of electric fields between elements of a triangular photonic crystal vertical cavity surface emitting laser array can be adjusted into antiguided supermodes with approximately equal injection into each array element. The dominant supermodes are found by a complex waveguide mode simulation and can be identified by the number and arrangement of side-lobes of their Fourier-transformed far-field beam profiles. The supermode with all three elements in-phase is found to possess the minimum central lobe angular divergence. Measurements of the continuous wave coherently coupled properties of photonic crystal triangular arrays, nominally emitting at 850 nm, are compared to our simulations. We show that the array can be adjusted to lase in a desired supermode by varying the injection currents into each element of the array. The optical power confined within the central portion of the in-phase coupled beam is greater than that emitted from a single VCSEL which is advantageous for high-brightness applications.
The emerging role of long non-coding RNAs in endometrial cancer (2016)

The human genome is pervasively transcribed and approximately 98% of the genome is non-coding. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are a heterogeneous group of RNA transcripts that are >200 nucleotides in length with minimal to no protein-coding potential. Similar to proteins, lncRNAs have important biological functions in both normal cells and disease states including many types of cancer. This review summarizes recent advances in our understanding of lncRNAs in cancer biology and highlights the potential for lncRNA as diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutics. Herein we focus on the poorly understood role of lncRNAs in endometrial cancer, the most common gynecologic malignancy in the developed world.
Scalable and efficient integrated test architecture (2009)

This paper presents the test instruction set architecture (TISA), an invention that can enable scalable interactive testing to leverage the experience of embedded computing. This approach is applied to an 1149.1 system, obtaining a processor able to efficiently handle instrument-based operations.
Antibody/doxycycline combined therapy for pulmonary ricinosis: Attenuation of inflammation improves survival of ricin-intoxicated mice (2014)

Ricin, a highly toxic plant-derived toxin, is considered a potential weapon in biological warfare due to its high availability and ease of preparation. Pulmonary exposure to ricin results in the generation of an acute edematous inflammation followed by respiratory insufficiency and death. Passive immunization with polyclonal anti-ricin antibodies conferred protection against pulmonary ricinosis, however, at clinically-relevant time points for treatment, survival rates were limited. In this study, intranasal instillation of a lethal dose of ricin to mice, served as a lung challenge model for the evaluation and comparison of different therapeutic modalities against pulmonary ricinosis. We show that treatment with doxycycline resulted in a significant reduction of pro-inflammatory cytokines, markers of oxidative stress and capillary permeability in the lungs of the mice. Moreover, survival rates of mice intoxicated with ricin and treated 24 h later with anti-ricin antibody were significantly improved by co-administration of doxycycline. In contrast, co-administration of the steroid drug dexamethasone with anti-ricin antibodies did not increase survival rates when administered at late hours after intoxication, however dexamethasone did exert a positive effect on survival when applied in conjunction with the doxycycline treatment. These studies strongly suggest that combined therapy, comprised of neutralizing anti-ricin antibodies and an appropriate anti-inflammatory agent, can promote high-level protection against pulmonary ricinosis at clinically-relevant time points post-exposure.
Sustainable production of camptothecin from an Alternaria sp. isolated from Nothapodytes nimmoniana (2021)

Camptothecin the third most in demand alkaloid, is commercially extracted in India from the endangered plant, Nothapodytes nimmoniana. Endophytes, the microorganisms that reside within plants, are reported to have the ability to produce host-plant associated metabolites. Hence, our research aims to establish a sustainable and high camptothecin yielding endophyte, as an alternative source for commercial production of camptothecin. A total of 132 endophytic fungal strains were isolated from different plant parts (leaf, petiole, stem and bark) of N. nimmoniana, out of which 94 were found to produce camptothecin in suspension culture. Alternaria alstroemeriae (NCIM1408) and Alternaria burnsii (NCIM1409) demonstrated camptothecin yields up to 426.7 ± 33.6 µg/g DW and 403.3 ± 41.6 µg/g DW, respectively, the highest reported production to date. Unlike the reported product yield attenuation in endophytes with subculture in axenic state, Alternaria burnsii NCIM1409 could retain and sustain the production of camptothecin up to ~ 200 μg/g even after 12 continuous subculture cycles. The camptothecin biosynthesis in Alternaria burnsii NCIM1409 was confirmed using <sup>13</sup>C carbon labelling (and cytotoxicity analysis on different cancer cell lines) and this strain can now be used to develop a sustainable bioprocess for in vitro production of camptothecin as an alternative to plant extraction.
A New BJT Selector for sub-0.02µm 2 High Density Embedded PCM Memory in FDSOI CMOS Technology (2021)

Fabrication and electrical characteristics of a new BJT selector enabling a 1T1R embedded phase change material (ePCM) memory cell of 0.019µm2 are extensively reported in this paper. A smart process, leveraging the specific feature of the FDSOI substrates with its thin buried oxide (BOX) has been developed to create an innovative isolation wall between bitlines (BL) and to totally suppress the parasitic BL-to-BL leakage. A current of 300µA at V EB =1.6V and a leakage as low as 8pA/cell at V BE =3.6V, 165°C were achieved. Compared to its MOS selector counterpart, -48% cell area reduction is obtained at same driving current, demonstrating the high density and the cost competitiveness of this FDSOI BJT selector solution. Finally, a shrunk BJT-ePCM cell of 0.015µm2, which is the smallest 1T1R eNVM reported to date, is demonstrated for the first time.
Magnetic Assembly of Ferromagnetic Nanowires (2007)

Magnetic assembly of nanowires is summarized as a platform for device fabrication and nanowire characterization. This technique, as applied to the bottom up approach, is described in terms of nanowire synthesis, positioning, and electrical contact. Utilizing template directed electrodeposition multi- functional segmented nanowires can be fabricated, and a general sequence of ferromagnetic/functional/ferromagnetic segments can be used to incorporate a range of different materials with magnetic assembly technique. The use of magnetic dipole interactions for alignment is examined from initial nanowire chaining studies to site-specific assembly and hierarchical structures. Two methods of achieving electrical contact between nanowires and prefabricated electrodes, post annealing in a reduced environment and reflow of nanoscale solder, are discussed. The application of these components of magnetic assembly, template directed electrodeposition, magnetic alignment, and post assembly annealing, are also examined for demonstrating nanowire diameter dependent magneto-transport properties of nickel nanowires.
Changes in serum hepatitis B surface and e antigen, interferon‐inducible protein 10, and aminotransferase levels during combination therapy of immune‐tolerant chronic hepatitis B (2022)

Induction of IP-10 during peginterferon treatment in adults and children in the IT phase of chronic HBV infection is associated with ALT elevations and decline in viral antigens, suggesting a degree of interferon-inducible viral control.
Automatic Gap-fill Question Generation from Text Books (2011)

In this paper, we present an automatic question generation system that can generate gap-fill questions for content in a document. Gap-fill questions are fill-in-the-blank questions with multiple choices (one correct answer and three distractors) provided. The system finds the informative sentences from the document and generates gap-fill questions from them by first blanking keys from the sentences and then determining the distractors for these keys. Syntactic and lexical features are used in this process without relying on any external resource apart from the information in the document. We evaluated our system on two chapters of a standard biology textbook and presented the results. 1
Investigating a Model Reversed-Phase Liquid Chromatography Stationary Phase with Vibrationally Resonant Sum Frequency Generation Spectroscopy (2011)

Reversed-phase liquid chromatography (RPLC) is a widely used technique for analytical separations but routinely requires empirical optimization. Gaining a better understanding of the molecular reasons for retention may mean more efficient separations with fewer trial and error runs to obtain optimized separations. Vibrationally resonant sum frequency generation (VR-SFG) is a surface specific technique that has allowed for in situ examination of model RPLC stationary phases under various solvent and pressure conditions. In order to improve on past work with model RPLC stationary phases two challenges had to be overcome. First, improved vibrational mode assignments of the C18 stationary phase were needed for proper understanding of this model system. Second, the synthesis of back-surface reference mirrors used in these VR-SFG experiments allowed us to better correct the relative intensities of the various spectral peaks present in typical spectra. After examination of model RPLC systems under various conditions, we have found that these model substrates have a significant amount of interference from nonresonant signal. This interference of resonant and nonresonant signals on fused silica surfaces has not been previously examined and further studies of the model RPLC stationary phase must properly deal with the non-negligible nonresonant interference that is present. We have seen changes in the VR-SFG spectra of these model systems under a variety of conditions including elevated pressure, however the changes are mostly due to nonresonant interference. These spectral changes, although apparently not solely from structural changes, need to be investigated further to better understand the molecular basis of retention in model RPLC systems.
Actinomycetoma of the scalp after a car accident (2011)

This is a rare presentation of mycetoma of the scalp that was cured in 12 weeks with a combination of amikacin and SXT.
Delamination Specimens for Orthotropic Materials (1990)

A semi-infinite crack in an infinite strip of orthotropic material is analyzed. Analytic expressions for mixed-mode stress intensity factors are derived with only parameter undetermined, which is then extracted from numerical solutions to integral equations. The results are relatively simple and complete, and provide the flexibility to simulate a wide range of practical problems, such as fracture specimens and edge delamination phenomena of woods and fiber-reinforced composites. As an illustration, specimens with transverse splitting from notches are analyzed based on the general solution. The validity of using solutions for an isotropic material to calibrate some testing geometries of orthotropic materials is discussed.
Entanglement Conditions for Two-Mode States (2006)

We provide a class of inequalities whose violation shows the presence of entanglement in two-mode systems. We initially consider observables that are quadratic in the mode creation and annihilation operators and find conditions under which a two-mode state is entangled. Further examination allows us to formulate additional conditions for detecting entanglement. We conclude by showing how the methods used here can be extended to find entanglement in systems of more than two modes.
Chandra Detection of Three Enigmatic X-ray Transients: GRS 1741.9-2853 (2007)

The Chandra X-ray observatory ACIS-I observed the locations of two transient low-mass X-ray binaries, GRS 1741.9-2853 (see ATel #1005, #1006, #1008) and GRO J1744-28, and the unidentified very faint X-ray transient XMM J174457-2850.3 starting on 2007 Feb 22 at 03:29:33, for 39 ks. All three sources were detected. GRS 1741.9-2853 was detected at 17h 45m 2.34s, -28o 54' 49.9" (J2000; 0.5" uncertainty), consistent with Muno et al.
Design of Planar Microwave Filters Using a Simple FDTD Model and Particle Swarm Optimization (2005)

Evolutionary algorithms (EA), such as the genetic algorithm (GA), have found wide popularity because of their capability of global optimum search. As an answer to the quest for faster converging evolutionary algorithms, particle swarm optimization (PSO) was introduced to the electromagnetics domain (Robinson, J. and Rahmat-Samii, Y., IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., vol.AP-52, no.2, p.397-407, 2004). PSO is a relatively new stochastic evolutionary computation technique, based on the movement and intelligence of swarms. PSO is found to hold a superior position with respect to other evolutionary methods, such as GA. Since PSO is a very recent method, many of its capabilities are still unexplored. It benefits from the inherent simplicity of GA while it converges much faster than conventional evolutionary algorithms. The paper presents a simple and universal design procedure for planar microwave filters. To accelerate the computation phase, an equivalent circuit topology is derived from FDTD formulation. The method is fast and robust and is well suited to the fast paced engineering design environment. As a case study, a microwave band-pass filter is designed.