gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: PHOTONITROSYLIERUNG VON DECACARBONYL‐DIMANGAN (1974)

Abstract Die Photonitrosylierung von Dimangandecacarbonyl (I) in n‐Pentan führt über die Bildung von (III) zu (IV); im Gegensatz dazu wird in Tetrahydrofuran die vollständige Decarbonylierung beobachtet.
Modeling of shock-wave generation in water by electrical discharges (2000)

We have performed one- (1-D) and two-dimensional (2-D) hydrodynamic simulations for studying shock production in water for two geometries of interest in rock fragmentation. Two-dimensional simulations have been performed for parameters similar to those in Pronko et al.'s work (1993) and in Nantel and Kitzinger's work (1990). These simulations, using realistic equations of state for water and the electrode material, yield pressures in the same range as experimentally reported values. With some improvements, the code could be used for optimization of such experiments. One-dimensional simulations have been performed for an axisymmetric cylinder configuration similar to that in Weise and Loffler's work (1993). Two different power levels have been examined. The spatial profile of power deposition in water Q(r) is represented by a functional form relevant to the problem of interest. With a long-duration electrical pulse, the pressure profile inside the cavity is nearly uniform at the end-of-pulse, regardless of the deposition profile. The general pressure level rises with the "peakedness" of Q(r). This means that for the same water mass and for the same energy input, we could generate higher pressures with more peaked profiles. Conversely, a required pressure level could be achieved with lesser electrical energy by depositing energy closer to the cylinder axis. This should help in minimizing the electrical energy requirement for a given application.
The Escherichia coli efg gene and the Rhodobacter capsulatus adgA gene code for NH3-dependent NAD synthetase (1994)

The essential gene efg, which complements ammonia-dependent growth (adgA) mutations in Rhodobacter capsulatus and is located at 38.1 min on the Escherichia coli chromosome, was found to code for NH3-dependent NAD synthetase. Crude extracts from a strain which overproduces the efg gene product contained up to 400 times more activity than crude extracts from the control strain, and the purified Efg protein possessed-NH3-dependent NAD synthetase activity. Glutamine-dependent NAD synthetase activity was found in crude extracts of E. coli but not in the purified enzyme, suggesting that it may be catalyzed by an additional subunit. An R. capsulatus strain carrying an adgA mutation was found to be deficient in NAD synthetase activity, and activity was restored by complementation with the E. coli gene. In accordance with the nomenclature proposed for Salmonella typhimurium (K. T. Hughes, B. M. Olivera, and J. R. Roth, J. Bacteriol. 170:2113-2120, 1988), the efg and adgA genes should now be designated nadE.
LXXXII.—The preparation of ethylamine and of diethylamine (1918)

E. A. Werner, J. Chem. Soc., Trans., 1918, 113, 899 DOI: 10.1039/CT9181300899
Thermodynamic Limitations of the Catalyst Design Space for Methanol Production from Methane (2018)

Abstract Current efforts to overcome the challenges of direct methane to methanol processes have focused on designing heterogeneous catalysts that perform methane partial oxidation using cheap and abundant oxidants such as molecular oxygen and water. An evaluation of the thermodynamic limitations of methanol production with the use of these oxidants is required to understand the maximum possible conversion and selectivity for a given feed composition and temperature. When O 2 is present, the formation of the most thermodynamically stable product, carbon dioxide, must be inhibited. At practical temperatures for moderate scale processes, water as the sole oxidant results in extremely low steady‐state methane conversion, but higher yields can be achieved with coupled surface reactions. This work evaluates these thermodynamic challenges and opportunities for catalysts that can selectively oxidize methane to methanol with oxygen and water and discusses routes for achieving high methanol yields.
On the Dynamics of Two Mutually-Coupled, Electromagnetically-Actuated Microbeam Oscillators (2012)

This work describes the modeling, analysis, predictive design, and control of self-excited oscillators, and associated arrays, founded upon electromagnetically-actuated microbeams. The study specifically focuses on the characterization of nonlinear behaviors arising in isolated oscillators and small arrays of nearly-identical, mutually-coupled oscillators. The work provides a framework for the exploration of larger oscillator arrays with different forms of coupling and feedback, which can be exploited in practical applications ranging from signal processing to micromechanical neurocomputing.
Knee kinematics during staircase descent (2023)

The goal was to evaluate tibiofemoral knee joint kinematics during stair descent, by simulating the full stair descent motion in vitro. The knee joint kinematics were evaluated for two types of knee implants: bi-cruciate retaining and bi-cruciate stabilized. It was hypothesized that the bi-cruciate retaining implant better approximates native kinematics. The in vitro study included 20 specimens which were tested during a full stair descent with physiological muscle forces in a dynamic knee rig. Laxity envelopes were measured by applying external loading conditions in varus/valgus and internal/external direction. The laxity results show that both implants are capable of mimicking the native internal/external-laxity during the controlled lowering phase. The kinematic results show that the bi-cruciate retaining implant tends to approximate the native condition better compared to bi-cruciate stabilized implant. This is valid for the internal/external rotation and the anteroposterior translation during all phases of the stair descent, and for the compression-distraction of the knee joint during swing and controlled lowering phase. The results show a better approximation of the native kinematics by the bi-cruciate retaining knee implant compared to the bi-cruciate stabilized knee implant for internal/external rotation and anteroposterior translation. Whether this will result in better patient outcomes remains to be investigated.
Photolithography expert system for improved estimation of IC critical area (1998)

In the manufacturing of IC the yield of the process is an important factor in estimating the cost. The calculation of critical area plays a key role in helping to determine the expected yield. This paper will demonstrate the use of a system, that will evolve into an expert system which can estimate the affects of photolithography on critical area. The system transforms critical area curves generated from the mask layout to more realistic curves related to the pattern on the wafer. It has been observed that this gives improved critical area estimates.
Reactive Power Optimization of Distribution Network with Distributed Generators (2016)

Reactive power optimization of distribution network is necessary,because optimize configuration of distributed generators can effectively reduce power loss.A new method was proposed in this paper.Firstly, installation points of distributed power were found with the means of power grid loss sensitivity. On this basis, the bacteria colony optimization algorithm was used in the solution of reactive power optimization problem containing distributed generators of the distribution network.Finally, the simulation result was compared with the improved particle swarm and genetic algorithm, and verified the proposed algorithm has good practicability and adaptability with an example.
The Nature of Reducing Compounds Formed from Sucrose by Erwinia carotovora var. atroseptica (1973)

SUMMARY: When grown in a medium containing 2 to 4% sucrose, Erwinia carotovora var. atroseptica formed two reducing compounds which accumulated in the culture medium. These compounds had the properties of the disaccharides 6-O-α-d-glucopyranosyl-d-fructofuranose (palatinose, isomaltulose) and 1-O -α-d-glucosyl-fructose.
Peripheral neural coding strategies for spectral analysis and sound source location in the nonteleost bony fish, Acipenser fulvescens. (2009)

Coding mechanisms for spectral analysis and sound source location were investigated in Acipenser fulvescens, the lake sturgeon. A. fulvescens belongs to one of the few extant nonteleost ray-finned fishes, with a phylogenetic history that dates back about 200 million years. A shaker system was used to simulate the particle motion component of sound during electrophysiological recordings of isolated single units from the eighth nerve. Data were compared to teleosts and land vertebrates. Peripheral coding strategies for spectral analysis and sound source location in A. fulvescens resembled those found in teleosts. Frequency characteristics generally resembled that of low-frequency afferents of other fishes and land vertebrates and the auditory periphery in A. fulvescens appears to be well suited to encode the intensity of sound. Eighth nerve afferents responded to directional stimuli in a cosinelike manner (as in teleosts). However, differences from teleosts were found that may have implications for the mechanisms for sound source location in azimuth. The common physiological characteristics among A. fulvescens, teleosts, and land vertebrates may reflect important functions of the auditory system that have been conserved throughout the evolution of vertebrates.
No Reason for No Supervision: Improved Generalization in Supervised Models (2022)

We consider the problem of training a deep neural network on a given classification task, e.g., ImageNet-1K (IN1K), so that it excels at both the training task as well as at other (future) transfer tasks. These two seemingly contradictory properties impose a trade-off between improving the model's generalization and maintaining its performance on the original task. Models trained with self-supervised learning tend to generalize better than their supervised counterparts for transfer learning; yet, they still lag behind supervised models on IN1K. In this paper, we propose a supervised learning setup that leverages the best of both worlds. We extensively analyze supervised training using multi-scale crops for data augmentation and an expendable projector head, and reveal that the design of the projector allows us to control the trade-off between performance on the training task and transferability. We further replace the last layer of class weights with class prototypes computed on the fly using a memory bank and derive two models: t-ReX that achieves a new state of the art for transfer learning and outperforms top methods such as DINO and PAWS on IN1K, and t-ReX* that matches the highly optimized RSB-A1 model on IN1K while performing better on transfer tasks. Code and pretrained models: https://europe.naverlabs.com/t-rex
Brokered Orchestration for End-to-End Service Provisioning Across Heterogeneous Multi-Operator (Multi-AS) Optical Networks (2016)

This paper proposes a new networking paradigm introducing the broker-plane above the management planes of Autonomous Systems (ASes). The brokers communicate with the manager of each AS to assist coordinate end-to-end resource management and path provisioning across the multi-AS networks involving multiple operators. The broker plane updates the virtual network topology, manages the resource information of inter-AS links and aggregated (abstracted) intra-AS links, and computes end-to-end routing, modulation formats, and spectrum assignment (RMSA). Notwithstanding, due to the different dynamicity of each AS, the probability of finding a multi-AS transparent path fulfilling the spectrum continuity and contiguity constraints might be low. To improve the grade of the inter-domain connectivity service, spectrum converters can be installed in inter-domain nodes or per-AS defragmentation can be performed with a global view. In this paper, we introduce a mechanism where each AS can advertise its internal capabilities, e.g., spectrum conversion, their ability to implement spectrum defragmentation or any other network feature. The Multi-AS RMSA with Defragmentation Capability problem is presented and mathematically modeled. A heuristic algorithm is designed to solve it. The mechanism's workflow is comprehensively tested using simulations. Results show connection blocking reduction as high as 26%, clearly validating the benefits of the proposed mechanism. Finally, its experimental assessment was conducted on a distributed multi-continental testbed.
ChemInform Abstract: Chemical Approaches for Detection and Destruction of Nerve Agents (2013)

Abstract Review: 34 refs.
Application of Yeast Glycolipid Biosurfactant, Mannosylerythritol Lipid, as Agrospreaders (2015)

The spreading property of mannosylerythritol lipids (MELs) was investigated in connection with our search for new application in agriculture. The wetting ability of MEL solutions for hydrophobic surfaces was evaluated based on contact angle measurements for several surfactant solutions on abiotic and biotic surfaces. The contact angle of MEL-A solution on a hydrophobic plastic surface at 100 s after placement decreased to 8.4°, and those of other MEL solutions decreased more significantly compared to those of commonly-used nonionic surfactants. In addition, the contact angle of MEL solutions also dropped down to around 10° on various plant leaf surfaces. MEL solutions, in particular, efficiently spread even on poorly wettable Gramineae plant surfaces on which general nonionic surfactant solutions could not. Moreover, the wetting ability of MEL solutions was found to be greatly affected by the structural difference in their carbohydrate configuration. Furthermore, surface pretreatment with MEL solution led to more efficient spreading and fixing of microbial cells onto plant leaf surface compared to several conventional surfactants used in this study. These results suggested that MELs have a potential to use as a natural bio-based spreading agent, particularly as agrochemical spreader for biopesticides.
Rola ścieżki sygnałowej PI3K-AKT w ontogenezie limfocytów B i patogenezie nowotworów B-komórkowych. Część I (2013)

Zrozumienie roli, jak biaka i szlaki sygnaowe z nimi powizane odgrywaj w patogenezie nowotworw B-komrkowych, wymaga wyjanienia ich funkcji w ontogenezie limfocytw
20-N-Methylpurpuramine E: New Bromotyrosine-Derived Metabolite from Okinawan Marine Sponge Pseudoceratina purpurea (2008)

Abstract A new bromotyrosine-derived metabolite, 20-N-methylpurpuramine E (1), was isolated from the marine sponge Pseudoceratina purpurea. The structure was elucidated by spectroscopic analysis. 20-N-Methylpurpuramine E (1) showed weak cytotoxicity against HeLa S3 cells.
Observations of the ion signatures of double merging and the formation of newly closed field lines (2008)

Observations from the Thermal Ion Dynamics Experiment (TIDE) on the Polar spacecraft, taken during a period of northward interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) show magnetosheath ions within the magnetosphere with velocity distributions resulting from two widely separated (∼30 R E ) merging sites along the same field lines. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that double merging can produce closed field lines populated by solar wind plasma under northward IMF. While the merging sites cannot be unambiguously located, the directions of the flowing magnetosheath populations and the convection of merged field lines are consistent with locations of two merging sites northward of the spacecraft and the analyses favor one site poleward of the northern cusp and a second site at lower latitudes equatorward of the northern cusp.
ChemInform Abstract: THE TERBIUM CHLORIDE‐ALUMINUM CHLORIDE VAPOR SYSTEM. I. ABSORPTION AND EXCITATION SPECTRA (1981)

Abstract Das Absorptionsspektrum des bei erhöhten Temp. gemäß Gleichgewicht Agebildeten flüchtigen Komplexes wird im Bereich 20 000‐50 000 cm ‐1 gemessen.
Prediction of myelotoxicity based on bone marrow radiation-absorbed dose: radioimmunotherapy studies using 90Y- and 177Lu-labeled J591 antibodies specific for prostate-specific membrane antigen. (2005)

In patients with prostate cancer, myelotoxicity after treatment with (177)Lu-J591 can be predicted on the basis of the amount of radioactive dose administered or the BMrad. The lack of correlation between myelotoxicity and (90)Y-J591 BMrad may be due to several factors. (90)Y-J591 may be less stable in vivo and, as a result, higher amounts of free (90)Y may be localized in the bone. In addition, the cross-fire effect of high-energy beta(-)-particles within the bone and the marrow may deliver radiation dose nonuniformly within the marrow.
The Diagnostic Ear Assessment Resource (DxEAR): Baseline measurements of otoscopic diagnostic skill in a new otitis media curriculum (2006)

Classification and definition criteria for rare cancer is still an open issue in clinical practice due to several factors, which include the limited available molecular data to better defining specific tumor groups or "families" of interest. An important issue related to the proper management of these entities is the correct diagnosis and subtyping of a given entity. The high complexity associated with the histopathologic diagnosis and eventual molecular analysis may suggest the use of a histopathologic second opinion from a specialized pathologist. Diagnostic inaccuracies and difference between primary diagnosis and second opinion are expected at the population level: however, the magnitude of this difference is remarkably high and calls for implementation of second opinion in routine practice outside reference centers.
A massively parallel processing system based on a hyper-crossbar network (2003)

On the basis of VLSI and high-density interconnection technologies, a parallel-processing system consisting of 1024 processors is proposed. A special feature of this system is the reconfigurability of data communication channels between processors, achieved by using a hyper-crossbar interconnection network to facilitate the operation of multiple data systems. Each processor possesses two communication channels, separately connected to a local crossbar network and to a global crossbar network (which are subnetworks of the hyper-crossbar network) for local communication and global communication, respectively. Processors connected to the same local network form a processor cluster for the execution of systolic-array-type algorithms. Primarily implemented by Livermore interactive network communication (LINC) chips, the global networks are able to programmably hold or delay operation data to synchronize the data flow for generic applications. With the operation speed of 20 MHz, the system can reach a peak performance of 40 billion operations per second.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Noise elimination by the use of vector resolution (1990)

Abstract This paper introduces the concept of the Unit Similarity Vector (USV) which is based on the hypothesis that signals on adjacent channels are similar, and then discusses how the amplitude vector formed in a multichannel environment, is resolved into two components--the similarity component and the dissimilarity component. The signal-to-noise ratio can be enhanced by compressing the dissimilarity component. Excellent results are obtained using the method with surface seismic data, and satisfactory results are also obtained with three-component VSP data sets.
Reducing power in superscalar processor caches using subbanking, multiple line buffers and bit-line segmentation (1999)

Modern microprocessors employ one or two levels of on-chip caches to bridge the burgeoning speed disparities between the processor and the RAM. These SRAM caches are a major source of power dissipation. We investigate architectural techniques, that do not compromise the processor cycle time, for reducing the power dissipation within the on-chip cache hierarchy in superscalar microprocessors. We use a detailed register-level simulator of a superscalar microprocessor that simulates the execution of the SPEC benchmarks and SPICE measurements for the actual layout of a 0.5 micron, 4-metal layer cache, optimized for a 300 MHz, clock. We show that a combination of subbanking, multiple line buffers and bit-line segmentation can reduce the on-chip cache power dissipation by as much as 75% in a technology-independent manner.
REAL TIME PROCESSOR FOR RAILWAY CAR AXLE YAW-SIGNALS (1978)

A system is described which processes, in real time, the signals derived from a laser track-side optical system to obtain the yaw-angle between the rail car axle centerline and the normal to the rails. The digital output signal is recorded with a line printer.
Combinational Effect of Intestinal and Hepatic CYP3A5 Genotypes on Tacrolimus Pharmacokinetics in Recipients of Living Donor Liver Transplantation (2012)

CYP3A5 genotypes of both recipient and donor were important factors influencing pharmacokinetic variability of tacrolimus. The recipient-donor combinational genetic effect on C/D ratio changed over time after transplantation.
EFFECTS OF MINERALOGY AND CATION-EXCHANGE CAPACITY ON LIGHIUM SORPTION TO YUCCA MOUNTAIN TUFFS. (1998)

Report (EMCR) is a Yucca Mountain Project deliverable.After informal
RADIOSYNTHESIS AND CHIRAL SEPARATION OF C-11 LABELED BORONOPHENYLALANINE FOR BNCT STUDIES WITH PET. (2001)

The overall goal of this research is to combine two powerful methodologies, boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) and positron emission tomography (PET), to advance the treatment of patients with malignant brain tumors. BNCT is a method to selectively deliver lethal alpha radiation to a tumor through the administration of a boron-10 containing drug, and irradiation of the tumor area with neutrons [1]. L-Boronophenylalanine (L-{sup 10}BPA) is a boron-10 containing amino acid currently used for BNCT [4]. In order to perform neutron dosimetry, it is essential to determine tumor boron-10 levels in the course of the therapy. PET has the ability to measure the concentration of drugs labeled with positron-emitting isotopes in the human body [2]. 2-Fluoro-4-borono-phenylalanine ([{sup 18}F]FBPA) has been labeled as a surrogate marker for L-BPA for pharmacokinetic studies in brain tumor patients [3]. However, [{sup 18}F]FBPA is a different drug than L-BPA because it contains a fluorine atom. We report here the labeling of L-BPA with C-11, which has the advantage of being chemically identical to L-BPA. Carbon-11 is also well suited to repeated studies within the same PET scanning session.
Associations Between Early Life Stress and Gene Methylation in Children (2014)

Children exposed to extreme stress are at heightened risk for developing mental and physical disorders. However, little is known about mechanisms underlying these associations in humans. An emerging insight is that children's social environments change gene expression, which contributes to biological vulnerabilities for behavioral problems. Epigenetic changes in the glucocorticoid receptor gene, a critical component of stress regulation, were examined in whole blood from 56 children aged 11-14 years. Children exposed to physical maltreatment had greater methylation within exon 1F in the NR3C1 promoter region of the gene compared to nonmaltreated children, including the putative NGFI-A (nerve growth factor) binding site. These results highlight molecular mechanisms linking childhood stress with biological changes that may lead to mental and physical disorders.