gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cr(CO)6-Promoted Diels-Alder Cycloaddition on Single-Wall Carbon Nanotubes (2007)

Single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) have been surface-functionalized via Cr(CO)6/pressure-promoted Diels-Alder cycloadditions with electron-rich dienes. The effects of hexacarbonylchromium(0) and high pressure appear to be synergistic, and the success of the reaction is, at the moment, limited to electron-rich dienes. Characterization was done using spectroscopy as well as thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). By the latter technique, it is estimated that there is one functional group for every 33 carbon atoms.
Reducing Handover Delay by Location Management in Mobile WiMAX Multicast and Broadcast Services (2010)

Mobile Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX) includes a multimedia multicast/broadcast service (MBS), but delay-sensitive applications such as video and audio streaming require the combination of efficient handling of wireless-link bandwidth and reduced handover delays, which remains a challenge. To reduce the handover delay in the MBS, the IEEE 802.16e standard introduces an MBS zone, which is a group of base stations that are broadcasting the same multicast packets. However, this raises the MBS traffic load on Mobile WiMAX networks, particularly the wireless part. This paper presents an MBS architecture that is based on location-management areas (LMAs), which can increase the sizes of MBS zones to reduce the average handover delay without too much bandwidth waste. An analytical model is developed to quantify service-disruption time, bandwidth usage, and blocking probability for different sizes of MBS zones and LMAs while considering user mobility, user distribution, and MBS session popularity. Using this model, we also propose how to determine the best sizes of MBS zones and LMAs, along with performance guarantees. Analytical and simulation results demonstrate that our LMA-based MBS scheme can achieve a bandwidth-efficient multicast delivery while retaining an acceptable service-disruption time.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESES AND BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITIES OF N1‐(2‐FORMYLETHYL)‐5‐FLUOROURACIL AND RELATED COMPOUNDS (1985)

Abstract Aus dem Fluor‐uracil (I) werden, wie im Formelschema angegeben, die Derivate (IV), (V), (VII) und (VIII) hergestellt.
Pràctica educativa i desenvolupament de la llengua escolar (2012)

La diversitat lingüística i cultural té una presència cada vegada més gran en el món occidental. Catalunya no és diferent i, al llarg de l’última dècada, l’heterogeneïtat identitària, lingüística, cultural i ètnica ha crescut de manera important (Departament d’Educació, 2009). El que ha estat anomenat com el «fenomen migratori» està present a totes les contrades i s’ha estès per les aules del sistema educatiu català. Des d’una perspectiva lingüística, aquesta realitat presenta problemes fins ara desconeguts entre nosaltres, tots ells relacionats amb l’augment de la diversitat de l’alumnat respecte al coneixement de la llengua de l’escola. De fet, no és gens estrany que en una mateixa aula trobem alumnat escolaritzat des del començament de parvulari juntament amb alumnat que ho ha fet al llarg d’aquesta etapa o de la primària, i això provoca que en una mateixa aula la diversitat lingüística, pel que fa al coneixement de la llengua escolar, sigui enorme. Certament, les qüestions implicades en l’escolarització de la infància i l’adolescència d’origen estranger no són exclusivament lingüístiques i, fins i tot, en molts casos els «problemes» lingüístics amaguen altres realitats molt més importants per comprendre el desenvolupament d’aquestes criatures. No obstant això, també és cert que els aspectes específicament lingüístics relacionats amb el domini de la llengua de l’escola per part de l’alumnat d’origen estranger han de tenir un espai per a la reflexió, per comprendre’n millor els processos d’escolarització. Aquest article aborda aquesta qüestió des de la convicció dels que l’escrivim que les qüestions escolars que afecten l’escolarització de l’alumnat d’origen estranger no es resolen exclusivament amb la reflexió sobre el procés d’adquisició de la llengua de l’escola, però que certament hi pot ajudar. La recerca ha mostrat l’existència d’un important decalatge entre el temps que l’alumnat d’origen estranger triga a desenvolupar habilitats conversacionals en la nova llengua i l’adquisició de les habilitats lingüístiques implicades en els processos d’ensenyament i aprenentatge (Collier, 1987; Cummins, 1981; Hakuta, Buttler i Witt, 2000; Maruny i Molina, 2000; Navarro i Huguet, 2005; Ramírez, 1992; Siqués i Vila, 2007; Thomas i Collier, 1997). Tots els treballs esmentats afirmen que aquest decalatge pot ser d’entre tres i quatre anys. Això no significa que ambdues habilitats siguin independents, sinó que estan estretament relacionades, però les dades empíriques afirmen que, en el cas de l’alumnat estranger, el desenvolupament d’aquestes habilitats pot tenir ritmes molt diferents que es relacionen, entre altres coses, amb la participació activa en les tasques d’ensenyament i aprenentatge escolar mitjançant la llengua de l’escola.
Precursor langerhans cell histiocytosis (1992)

A larger series is required to determine the significance of the precursor Langerhans cell phenotype, particularly with respect to the development of acute myelogenous leukemia.
Protein levels and gene expressions of the epidermal growth factor receptors, HER1, HER2, HER3 and HER4 in benign and malignant ovarian tumors (2008)

The epidermal growth factor receptors, HER1, HER2, HER3 and HER4 play a key role in the growth of malignant tumors. The receptors of the EGF receptor family are not cancer-specific proteins since these receptors are expressed to some extent in both normal and benign tissue, but this is not elucidated in detail in ovarian tissue. High tumor-to-normal-tissue concentration ratios would be favorable for molecular targeted anti-cancer treatment. The primary aim of the study was to analyze the potential differential protein content and gene expression of the four receptors in benign and malignant ovarian tumors. Tissue from 207 patients (101 malignant, 19 borderline, 64 benign ovarian tumors and 23 normal ovaries) were analyzed by quantitative ELISA for HER1-HER4 protein concentrations and by real-time PCR for HER1-HER4 gene expression. HER2 was also analyzed by immunohistochemistry. The HER2-4 receptor protein content and the median gene expression level was significantly higher in ovarian cancer patients compared to patients with benign ovarian tumors and normal ovaries (p<0.0000001). The protein content of the HER1 receptor was significantly lower in ovarian cancer compared to borderline tumors (p=0.012), benign ovarian tumors (p=0.049) and to normal ovaries (p=0.000069). A sound correlation between the protein levels and gene expressions was documented. In conclusion, decreased concentration of HER1 protein and increased HER2, HER3 and HER4 protein concentration were observed, as also elevated HER2-HER4 gene expression levels in ovarian cancer patients with barely any overlap of the HER3 and HER4 expression in malignant ovarian tumors compared to benign ovarian tissues.
Particle therapy versus conventional radiotherapy for lung cancer (2015)

Authors have made no progress with this protocol in 3 years. New authors are being sought to take over this protocol
Conformal Chemical Vapor Deposition TiN(111) Film Formation as an Underlayer of Al for Highly Reliable Interconnects (1994)

Chemical vapor deposition (CVD) TiN film having the (111) preferred orientation and conformal step coverage was developed for the first time. The key processes are predeposition of the Ti(002) layer before the CVD TiN film deposition and optimization of the flow rate of reactants: TiCl 4 , NH 3 and H 2 . Growth of (111) crystal plane seems to be induced due to the lattice matching of crystal plane of the Ti film. On the other hand, conformal step coverage is obtained by using a lower flow rate of NH 3 , resulting in the surface-limited chemical reaction. It was also demonstrated that both sputtering and CVD Al, deposited on the CVD TiN having stronger (111) orientation, showed stronger (111) orientation which is advantageous for obtaining high electromigration (EM) resistance. Furthermore, simultaneous contact hole filling and interconnects formation using CVD Al/CVD TiN stacked film are successfully demonstrated.
MiR-20a Is Upregulated in Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer and Targets LIMK1 (2014)

To our knowledge, this is the first study to demonstrate that miR-20a plays a role as a tumor suppressor in thyroid cancer cells and targets LIMK1. Our findings suggest the upregulated expression of miR-20a in anaplastic thyroid cancer counteracts thyroid cancer progression and may have therapeutic potential.
A METHOD FOR CALCULATING COLLISION PROBABILITIES IN GENERAL CYLINDRICAL GEOMETRY AND APPLICATIONS TO FLUX DISTRIBUTIONS AND DANCOFF FACTORS (1964)

The collision probability method for calculating neutron flux distributions is acquiring increasing attention, particularly for its application to reactor lattice cells. The characteristic feature of this method is the calculation of the collision probability matrix. Once this matrix has been obtained, or, in the case of more than one energy group, after the collision probability matrices and the scattering matrices have been obtained, the problem of solving the flux is reduced to the problem of solving a system of simultaneous linear equations. Several approximations of a physical nature have been proposed in order to facilitate the calculation of the collision probability matrix for an annular system. Other approximations have been proposed for cluster geometry, e.g., the use of elementary cells. The approach made in the present paper is to refrain from approximations of this kind, and to look for other methods to facilitate the calculation of the collision probabilities. It is shown how an efficient Gauss integration can be used in the annular case to the effect that quite accurate collision probabilities can be calculated in a rather short time. Two computer codes for calculating flux distributions in one group will be described briefly, Flurig for the annular case and Clucop for the cluster case.
Quality‐by‐Design for biotechnology‐related pharmaceuticals (2009)

The following article is a report from a workshop on Quality-by-Design (QbD) held at the 7th European Symposium on Biochemical Engineering Science (7 September 2008, Faro, Portugal).The aim of the workshop was to provide an update on the present status of using QbD in biotechnology-related applications in the pharmaceutical industry. The report summarizes the essential parts of the presentations and covers the industrial, academic, and regulatory aspects of QbD. It concludes with recommendations for further work and development.
RETRACTED: A Zinc Finger Transcription Factor, αA-Crystallin Binding Protein 1, Is a Negative Regulator of the Chondrocyte-Specific Enhancer of the α1(II) Collagen Gene (2000)

Transcription of the type II collagen gene (Col2a1) is regulated by multiple cis-acting sites. The enhancer element, which is located in the first intron, is necessary for high-level and cartilage-specific expression of Col2a1. A mouse limb bud cDNA expression library was screened by the Saccharomyces cerevisiae one-hybrid screening method to identify protein factors bound to the enhancer. A zinc finger protein, alphaA-crystallin binding protein 1 (CRYBP1), which had been reported to bind to the mouse alphaA-crystallin gene promoter, was isolated. We herein demonstrate that CRYBP1 is involved in the negative regulation of Col2a1 enhancer activity. CRYBP1 mRNA expression was downregulated during chondrocyte differentiation in vitro. In situ hybridization analysis of developing mouse cartilage showed that CRYBP1 mRNA was also downregulated during mesenchymal condensation and that CRYBP1 mRNA was highly expressed by hypertrophic chondrocytes, but at very low levels by resting and proliferating chondrocytes. Expression of recombinant CRYBP1 in a transfected rat chondrosarcoma cell line inhibited Col2a1 enhancer activity. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays showed that CRYBP1 bound a specific sequence within the Col2a1 enhancer and inhibited the binding of Sox9, an activator for Col2a1, to the enhancer. Cotransfection of CRYBP1 with Sox9 into BALB/c 3T3 cells inhibited activation of the Col2a1 enhancer by Sox9. These results suggest a novel mechanism that negatively regulates cartilage-specific expression of Col2a1.
Wifi authentication through social networks &#x2014; A decentralized and context-aware approach (2014)

With the proliferation of WiFi-enabled devices, people expect to be able to use them everywhere, be it at work, while commuting, or when visiting friends. In the latter case, home owners are confronted with the burden of controlling the access to their WiFi router, and usually resort to simply sharing the password. Although convenient, this solution breaches basic security principles, and puts the burden on the friends who have to enter the password in each and every of their devices. The use of social networks, specifying the trust relations between people and devices, provides for a more secure and more friendly authentication mechanism. In this paper, we progress the state-of-the-art by abandoning the centralized solution to embed social networks in WiFi authentication; we introduce EAP-SocTLS, a decentralized approach for authentication and authorization of WiFi access points and other devices, exploiting the embedded trust relations. In particular, we address the (quadratic) search complexity when indirect trust relations, like the smartphone of a friend's kid, are involved. We show that the simple heuristic of limiting the search to friends and devices in physical proximity makes for a scalable solution. Our prototype implementation, which is based on WebID and EAP-TLS, uses WiFi probe requests to determine the pool of neighboring devices and was shown to reduce the search time from 1 minute for the naive policy down to 11 seconds in the case of granting access over an indirect friend.
<title>Line illumination system and detector for film digitization</title> (1990)

A film digitizer employing a linear CCD imager can provide substantial performance improvements over a flatbed or drum scanner by measuring many film pixels simultaneously. If it is required, however, to retain the full quality of the image on the film, careful design of the illumination system, optics, and electronics is important. This paper will describe the application of a diffuse illumination system and a three-color CCD imager in a high-resolution film digitizer. The imager provides up to 8000 pixels per scan line and dynamic range (peak signal-to-darknoise) of 5000. This technology permits use of a novel means for holding the film, simplifying the task of mounting the film on the scanner. A brief description will be given of the analog electronics, digital electronics, and software procedures used to convert raw CCD output to accurate film density.
A novel approach to fit testing the N95 respirator in real time in a clinical setting (2014)

The instant measurements provided by the Portacount fit-test instrument have been used as the gold standard in predicting the protection of an N95 respirator in a laboratory environment. The conventional Portacount fit-test method, however, cannot deliver real-time measurements of face-seal leakage when the N95 respirator is in use in clinical settings. This research was divided into two stages. Stage 1 involved developing and validating a new quantitative fit-test method called the Personal Respiratory Sampling Test (PRST). In Stage 2, PRST was evaluated in use during nursing activities in clinical settings. Eighty-four participants were divided randomly into four groups and were tested while performing bedside nursing procedures. In Stage 1, a new PRST method was successfully devised and validated. Results of Stage 2 showed that the new PRST method could detect different concentrations and different particle sizes inside the respirator while the wearer performed different nursing activities. This new fit-test method, PRST, can detect face seal leakage of an N95 respirator being worn while the wearer performs clinical activities. Thus, PRST can help ensure that the N95 respirator actually fulfils its function of protecting health-care workers from airborne pathogens.
A Similar Distribution of Gonadotropin Isohormones is Maintained in the Pituitary Throughout Sexual Maturation in the Heifer1 (1992)

Our working hypotheses for this study were that 1) the profile of intrapituitary LH and FSH isoforms would be shifted toward acidic forms as sexual maturation progresses in the bovine female; and 2) concentration of 17 beta-estradiol (E2) in circulation during sexual maturation would be a major factor modulating the percentage of the more acidic isoforms. In addition, the biological-immunoreactive (B:I) ratios of each isoform of LH were evaluated at selected stages of sexual maturation. Heifers (7 mo of age) were assigned to one of three treatment groups: 1) ovariectomized (OVX; n = 16); 2) OVX and administered E2 (OVXE; n = 16); or 3) ovary-intact (INTACT; n = 14). Pituitaries were collected from heifers in each group at an estimated 120 days (prepubertal) of 25 days before puberty (peripubertal). A fourth group of 6 heifers remained intact (postpubertal INTACT) to determine time of puberty during the experimental period. Pituitaries of heifers assigned to the postpubertal INTACT group were collected during the follicular phase of the first or second estrous cycle postpuberty. Pituitaries were used for determination of relative amounts of gonadotropin isohormones. Tissue extracts of the pituitaries were chromatofocused on pH 10.5-4.0 gradients. The LH of all pituitaries resolved into thirteen isoforms that were designated isoforms A-L, and S, with isoform A the most basic form. Isoforms F and G (basic pH range) were the predominant isoforms of each chromatofocusing profile and comprised 50-60% of the immunoreactive LH. Isoforms J and K were the major isoforms eluting in the acidic pH range.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Purification and characterization of the lymphocyte function-associated-2 (LFA-2) molecule. (1986)

The lymphocyte function-associated-2 (LFA-2) molecule, equivalent to CD2 and the E rosette receptor, was purified by MAb affinity chromatography from the Jurkat T lymphoma cell line. Jurkat was selected for its high level of expression of 1.0 X 10(5) sites/cell. A two-site radioimmunometric assay was developed to monitor purification. From 50 g of packed cells, 230 micrograms of LFA-2 was obtained with 65% yield of antigenic activity with a purification factor of 13,000. A major component of 58,000 and 54,000 was obtained that corresponded to LFA-2 antigenic activity as shown by immunoblotting and immunoprecipitation. The doublet was resolved by 2D IEF-SDS-PAGE into components of pI = 5.5 and 5.6. Smaller amounts of lower Mr components were also seen. All these components appeared related by processing or proteolytic breakdown, as shown by Cleveland peptide mapping. The LFA-2 deoxycholate complex had an apparent Mr of 68,000 by gel filtration, suggesting it was monomeric. Purified LFA-2 inhibited rosetting of T lymphocytes with sheep E, and addition to preformed rosettes caused their disruption. Inhibitory activity was absorbed by sheep E. This is the first evidence that the CD2/LFA-2 molecule can directly bind to sheep E. Purified LFA-2 should be useful for the further biochemical and functional characterization of this molecule.
An overview of the techniques for measuring the dielectric properties of materials (2011)

The review of techniques used for measurements of permittivity and permeability of materials for quasi-static electromagnetic field.
Heat exchanger fouling and corrosion evaluation. Phase 1, topical report exhibit III-B (1979)

This report is a summary of the results of Tasks 3 and 4 which conclude the Phase 1 portion of this program. Tasks 1 and 2 were summarized in AiResearch Report 78-15161. Task 3, entitled Materials Evaluation, is a laboratory evaluation of candidate materials and coatings exposed to various H/sub 2/SO/sub 4/ environments; the evaluation includes the determination of a corrosion rate from the field test modules. Task 4, entitled Fouling Evaluation, is an evaluation of the fouling rates of different heat exchanger surface configurations exposed to different diesel exhaust conditions.
Rapid fluctuations in plasma catecholamines in monkeys under undisturbed conditions (1982)

We have demonstrated in monkeys and in man sustained synchronous oscillations in plasma levels of insulin, C-peptide, glucagon, and glucose that have periods ranging from 8 to 11 min. To identify the mechanisms of these oscillations, we studied plasma levels of catecholamines in search for periodic fluctuations. Blood was obtained at 2-min intervals from fasting, undisturbed, chair-adapted male rhesus monkeys via chronically implanted central venous catheters. Plasma levels of epinephrine, norepinephrine, and dopamine were measured by a radioenzymatic assay. Large fluctuations in plasma epinephrine were observed with an average peak-to-trough amplitude of 34 pg/ml at a mean level of 122 pg/ml. Similar fluctuations in norepinephrine and dopamine occurred and were correlated to those of epinephrine: r = 0.51 and 0.35, respectively. The most common periodicity in all three catecholamines was 6-13 min/cycle as determined by spectral analyses. Cross-correlation analyses indicated that fluctuations in the catecholamines were significantly negatively correlated with oscillations in insulin and were unrelated to fluctuations in glucagon. These fluctuations in plasma catecholamines may be related to mechanisms controlling the periodicity observed in plasma insulin and glucose.
Increasing the Yield of Photoinduced Charge Separation through Parallel Electron Transfer Pathways (1999)

A strategy for increasing the yield of long-lived photoinduced charge separation in artificial photosynthetic reaction centers which is based on multiple electron transfer pathways operating in parallel has been investigated. Excitation of the porphyrin moiety of a carotenoid ( C )–porphyrin ( P )–naphthoquinone (Q) molecular triad leads to the formation of a charge-separated state C ·+ – P – Q ·− with an overall quantum yield of 0.044 in benzonitrile solution. Photoinduced electron transfer from the porphyrin first excited singlet state gives C – P ·+ – Q ·− with a quantum yield of ~1.0. However, electron transfer from the carotenoid to the porphyrin radical cation to form the final state does not compete well with charge recombination of C – P ·+ – Q ·− , reducing the yield. The related pentad C 3 – P – Q features carotenoid, porphyrin and quinone moieties closely related to those in the triad. Excitation of this molecule gives a C ·+ – P ( C 2 )– Q ·− state with a quantum yield of 0.073. The enhanced yield is ascribed to the fact that three electron donation pathways operating in parallel compete with charge recombination. The yield does not increase by the statistically predicted factor of three owing to small differences in thermodynamic driving force between the two compounds.
Potential for serotonergic agents to treat elevated intraocular pressure and glaucoma: focus on 5-HT2receptor agonists (2011)

Although several classes of drugs, including FP-receptor prostaglandin agonist analogs, are available to treat elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) associated with glaucoma, novel pharmaceuticals to treat this potentially blinding disease are still being sought. With recent demonstration of potent IOP-lowering activity of serotonin-2 receptor agonists in conscious ocular hypertensive Cynomolgus monkey eyes, the prospects of this unexampled class of compounds yielding new drugs for the treatment of elevated IOP look bright. This article reviews the ocular serotonergic literature pertaining to elevated IOP in patients with ocular hypertension and glaucoma, the data on ocular hypotensive serotonin-2 agonists, and discusses their potential mechanism(s) of action at the cellular and whole-animal level.