gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Prediction of Water Solubility in Glassy Polymers Using Nonequilibrium Thermodynamics (2013)

In this study, the sorption of water in poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) was measured at various water vapor activities (0–0.85) at 25, 35, and 45 °C using a quartz spring microbalance. Furthermore, the water sorption isotherms in PMMA were predicted using two nonequilibrium thermodynamic models: the nonequilibrium lattice fluid (NELF) model and nonequilibrium statistical associating fluid theory (NE-SAFT), where excellent agreement between the NE-SAFT prediction and experimental data was observed. In contrast, deviation between the NELF model prediction and water sorption isotherms in PMMA was observed above a water activity of ca. 0.50. In situ time-resolved Fourier transform infrared attenuated total reflectance spectroscopy confirmed the presence of self-associated water (i.e., water clusters) at elevated water activities, providing a rationale for deviation between the NELF model and experimental data, where unlike NE-SAFT, the NELF model does not account for these self-association interactions. The NE-SAFT model prediction was extended to five additional glassy polymers, including poly(lactide), poly(acrylonitrile), poly(ethylene terephthalate), poly(vinyl chloride), and poly(styrene), where good agreement between the model predictions and water sorption isotherms was also observed. Additionally, a correlation between the polymer segment number and water solubility was observed.
High‐Performance Tandem Organic Solar Cells Using HSolar as the Interconnecting Layer (2020)

Abstract Tandem structure provides a practical way to realize high efficiency organic photovoltaic cells, it can be used to extend the wavelength coverage for light harvesting. The interconnecting layer (ICL) between subcells plays a critical role in the reproducibility and performance of tandem solar cells, yet the processability of the ICL has been a challenge. In this work the fabrication of highly reproducible and efficient tandem solar cells by employing a commercially available material, PEDOT:PSS HTL Solar (HSolar), as the hole transporting material used for the ICL is reported. Comparing with the conventional PEDOT:PSS Al 4083 (c‐PEDOT), HSolar offers a better wettability on the underlying nonfullerene photoactive layers, resulting in better charge extraction properties of the ICL. When FTAZ:IT‐M and PTB7‐Th:IEICO‐4F are used as the subcells, a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 14.7% is achieved in the tandem solar cell. To validate the processability of these tandem solar cells, three other research groups have successfully fabricated tandem devices using the same recipe and the highest PCE obtained is 16.1%. With further development of donor polymers and device optimization, the device simulation results show that a PCE &gt; 22% can be realized in tandem cells in the near future.
Large area porous 1D photonic crystals comprising silicon hierarchical nanostructures grown by plasma-assisted, nanoparticle jet deposition (2018)

In this contribution, we describe a room-temperature, template-free, single-step approach for the growth of functional crystalline silicon nanostructures with tailored porosity and photonic properties. The method employs a plasma-assisted nanoparticle synthesis reactor in combination with a supersonic jet deposition stage, in what we call nanoparticle jet deposition or plasma-assisted, supersonic aerosol jet deposition. The relationship between plasma parameters, nanoparticle impaction conditions and the resulting silicon material structural characteristics is investigated. This understanding is successfully employed for the production of porous 1D photonic crystals obtained by periodically modulating the density of the hierarchical silicon nanostructures and hence their local refractive index. The open porosity of this device is then exploited in a proof of concept optical chemical sensor.
Statistical Methods for Speech Recognition (1999)

The speech recognition problem hidden Markov models the acoustic model basic language modelling the Viterbi search hypothesis search on a tree and the fast match elements of information theory the complexity of tasks - the quality of language models the expectation - maximization algorithm and its consequences decision trees and tree language models phonetics from orthography - spelling-to-base from mappings triphones and allophones maximum entropy probability estimation and language models three applications of maximum entropy estimation to language modelling estimation of probabilities from counts and the Back-Off method.
Expression and Inheritance of Resistance of ELS 6404‐160 Durum Wheat to Hessian Fly (1989)

ELS 6404‐160, CI17647, a durum wheat ( Triticum durum Desf.) introduction from Ethiopia, was found resistant to several biotypes of Hessian fly [ Mayetiola destructor (Say)]. Additional genes for resistance are needed for breeding wheat for resistance to the Hessian fly. Research was conducted on a random plant (designated as Selection 5) of ELS 6404‐160. Our objectives were to determine (i) the number of genes in ELS 6404‐160‐5 controlling resistance to biotypes B and D, (ii) if the gene(s) are different from known genes effective against biotypes B, D, and L, (iii) the pattern of resistance of ELS 6404‐160‐5 to biotypes B, C, D, and L, and (iv) the effectiveness of the resistance at three temperature regimes. Test cross progeny and F 3 line analyses, conducted in greenhouses or growth chambers, indicated that ELS 6404‐160‐5 has two genes for resistance which are different from other genes known to provide resistance to biotypes D and L. Segregation of test cross progeny rows in a three segregating to one susceptible ratio following the test cross of ELS 6404‐160‐5 with susceptible D6647 indicated that resistance was governed by two genes. The occurrence of susceptible test cross progenies in test crosses following crosses of ELS 6404‐160‐ 5 with genotypes with known genes for resistance to biotype D indicated that the genes in ELS 6404‐160‐5 were different than those previously described. ELS 6404‐160‐5 is resistant to biotypes B, C, D, and L and resistance is quite stable to biotype D at three temperatures. The genes from ELS 6404‐160‐5 are designated H14 and H15 . Gene H15 is closely associated with H9 on chromosome 5A; H14 may be linked to or independent of H10 , which is on chromosome 5A.
Introduction to Approximate Dynamic Programming (2007)

This chapter contains sections titled: The Three Curses of Dimensionality (Revisited) The Basic Idea Sampling Random Variables ADP Using the Post-Decision State Variable Low-Dimensional Representations of Value Functions So Just What is Approximate Dynamic Programming? Experimental Issues Dynamic Programming with Missing or Incomplete Models Relationship to Reinforcement Learning But does it Work? Bibliographic Notes Problems
Blocking mitochondrial pyruvate import causes energy wasting via futile lipid cycling in brown fat (2019)

ABSTRACT Futile lipid cycling is an ATP-wasting process proposed to participate in energy expenditure of mature fat-storing white adipocytes, given their inability to oxidize fat. The hallmark of activated brown adipocytes is to increase fat oxidation by uncoupling respiration from ATP synthesis. Whether ATP-consuming lipid cycling can contribute to BAT energy expenditure has been largely unexplored. Here we find that pharmacological inhibition of the mitochondrial pyruvate carrier (MPC) in brown adipocytes is sufficient to increase ATP-synthesis fueled by fatty acid oxidation, even in the absence of adrenergic stimulation. We find that elevated ATP-demand induced by MPC inhibition results from activation of futile lipid cycling. Furthermore, we identify that glutamine consumption and the M alate- A spartate Sh uttle are required for the increase in E nergy E xpenditure induced by MPC inhibition in B rown A dipocytes (MAShEEBA). These data demonstrate that futile energy expenditure through lipid cycling can be activated in BAT by altering fuel availability to mitochondria. Therefore, we identify a new mechanism to increase fat oxidation and energy expenditure in BAT that bypasses the need for adrenergic stimulation of mitochondrial uncoupling.
Free Radical Cyclization of Acyclic Sugar Dithioacetals: An Approach to Mannostatin A Analogues (1995)

Abstract The tributyltin hydride + AIBN mediated free radical cyclization of oxime ethers tethered dithioacetals 6 and 12, obtained from D-ribose or D-glucose, respectively, is reported. The desired carbocycles 7, 8 and 14 have been obtained in good yield and moderate diastereoselectivity. These products are new mannostatin A analogues.
Quantum error suppression with commuting Hamiltonians: Two-local is too local (2014)

We consider error suppression schemes in which quantum information is encoded into the ground subspace of a Hamiltonian comprising a sum of commuting terms. Since such Hamiltonians are gapped they are considered natural candidates for protection of quantum information and topological or adiabatic quantum computation. However, we prove that they cannot be used to this end in the 2-local case. By making the favorable assumption that the gap is infinite we show that single-site perturbations can generate a degeneracy splitting in the ground subspace of this type of Hamiltonians which is of the same order as the magnitude of the perturbation, and is independent of the number of interacting sites and their Hilbert space dimensions, just as in the absence of the protecting Hamiltonian. This splitting results in decoherence of the ground subspace, and we demonstrate that for natural noise models the coherence time is proportional to the inverse of the degeneracy splitting. Our proof involves a new version of the no-hiding theorem which shows that quantum information cannot be approximately hidden in the correlations between two quantum systems, and should be of independent interest. The main reason that 2-local commuting Hamiltonians cannot be used for quantum error suppression is that their ground subspaces have only short-range (two-body) entanglement.
Engineering the Doping Efficiency in Pentacene Thin Films for High Thermoelectric Performance (2020)

Because of the high mobility and Seebeck coefficient, pentacene (PEN) is a promising candidate for organic small-molecule thermoelectric (TE) materials. However, the low intrinsic conductivity impedes its application in thermoelectricity. In this work, hexacyano-trimethylene-cyclopropane (CN6-CP) is employed as the dopant for PEN via constructing bilayer-structured thin films. The almost intact crystallinity and high charge carrier generation efficiency of these interface-doped PEN films ensure their high conductivity. Time of flight secondary ion mass spectrometry was applied to demonstrate the diffusion of dopant molecules into the PEN layer. UV-vis spectral analysis reveals that integral charge transfer happens between the PEN and CN6-CP molecules. The doping process is further characterized by electron spin-resonance, ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis. Under optimized conditions, the conductivity of the PEN film deposited on the SiO<sub>2</sub>/Si substrate can reach up to 10.1 S cm<sup>-1</sup>. To the best of our knowledge, this is the highest conductivity ever reported for doped PEN thin films. The optimal TE performance with a power factor of 36.4 μW m<sup>-1</sup> K<sup>-2</sup> can be achieved in the PEN/CN6CP thin film with a Seebeck coefficient and conductivity of 199 μV K<sup>-1</sup> and 9.2 S cm<sup>-1</sup>, respectively. This result shows that interface doping with a strong electron acceptor is a promising approach for optimizing the TE performance of small molecular organic semiconductors.
Innentitelbild: The Formation and Self‐Assembly of Long Prebiotic Oligomers Produced by the Condensation of Unactivated Amino Acids on Oxide Surfaces (Angew. Chem. 18/2014) (2014)

Die Bildung langer Polypeptide aus nichtaktiviertem, auf SiO2 und TiO2 adsorbiertem Glycin und die Selbstorganisation dieser Polymere zu helikalen und β-Schicht-Bereichen nach der Oberflächenhydratisierung beschreiben G. Martra et al. in ihrer Zuschrift auf S. 4759 ff. Ihre Ergebnisse liefern Informationen über die Bildung von Polymeren aus kleinen Biomolekülen unter abiotischen Bedingungen und mögliche präbiotische Bildungspfade für Biopolymere.
Newly Developed Stent Graft with Micropored and Heparin Impregnated SPU Film (2001)

The use of stents has improved results after balloon carotid angioplasty. Some materials have been reported for covering the metal surface of the stent to reduce the rate of subacute thrombosis and restenosis. We have already developed a new stent graft with thin-walled controlled micropored polymer covering, and in a previous study we confirmed tissue ingrowth via the micropores at one month in a beagle model. The progress of cell migration was controlled by micropore density using a constant micropore diameter (30μm diameter, 125μm inter-pore distance). In the present study, we applied our newly developed stent graft impregnated with heparin for implantation in the rabbit carotid artery, and carried out an angiographic and histological investigation. Our stent graft was made from a Palmaz-Schatz stent and a micropored segmental polyurethane (SPU) thin film with a heparin coating. Micropores 30μm in diameter and 125μm apart were created on the thin SPU film using an excimer laser ablation technique. The surface of the micropored film was then impregnated with photosensitive gelatin that incorporated the heparin. The metal stent was rolled up and fixed to this modified SPU film under microscopic observations. These stent grafts were deployed in the common carotid arteries (CCAs) of rabbits (37 carotid arteries, 20 rabbits). The animals were sacrificed one, two and three months later, and a histological study and scanning electron microscopy study were performed for evaluation of endoluminal endothe-lialization and intimal thickening at the late stage. CCAs treated with stent grafts of micropored film showed poor-patency and intimal hyperplasia compared with those treated with a simple bare stent or a heparin-impregnated stent. In terms of intimal hyperplasia and patency, the heparin-impregnated stent was superior to the bare stent. Intimal hyperplasia was prevented by control of tissue ingrowth through the micropores. The antithrombogenicity of the impregnated heparin improved patency in the early stage. Our new stent graft with a heparin-impregnated SPU film thus appears promising for prevention of restenosis due to neointimal hyperplasia.
A design methodology for databases with uncertain data (2002)

Many real world systems and applications require information management components that provide support for managing imprecise data. There have thus been several proposals for extending relational database systems in order to represent as well as query such imprecise data. Little work, however, has been done in modeling uncertainty at the conceptual schema level and in developing design methodologies for developing fuzzy relational databases (FRDBs). To fill this gap, a design methodology for FRDBs is proposed. This methodology contains extensions for representing the imprecision of data in the entity-relationship (ER) data model, and a set of steps for the derivation of a FRDB from this extended ER model. As a case study, this methodology has been applied to the design of a control database for semiconductor manufacturing.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
The phase transition of ɛ-InxFe2−xO3 nanomagnets with a large thermal hysteresis loop (invited) (2012)

A large thermal hysteresis loop was observed in the phase transition on rod-shaped ɛ-InxFe2−xO3 (x ∼ 0.04) nanomagnets. The width of the thermal hysteresis loop, ΔT, increased with increasing rod length (l), i.e., ΔT = 6 K (l = 25 nm), 14 K (40 nm), 25 K (80 nm), and 47 K (170 nm). The observed ΔT value of 47 K is one of the largest values among insulating ferromagnetic materials. The thermal hysteresis loops were analyzed by the Slichter and Drickamer model, and the results showed that the transition enthalpy and entropy do not change. However, the elastic interaction parameter between the transition sites increases with an increasing l value. Maybe the correlation length of a propagating phonon due to elastic interaction competes with the rod length of the samples, causing the rod-length dependence of the thermal hysteresis loop.
Assessment of Local Damage Level in Engineered Cementitious Composites (ECC) Using Stress Wave Propagation (2006)

This DOI is not currently attached to any metadata records. DOIs can’t actually ever be deleted (they’re persistent), but sometimes our members create DOIs in error. We do have a process to approximate deletion which we follow only in rare cases where the DOI has been genuinely created in error, and most crucially, if the DOI has never been published anywhere online or in print and never otherwise distributed to or communicated with anyone (authors, readers, reviewers, etc.
Spinal Longitudinal Epidural Collections in Intracranial Hypotension (2021)

An abstract is not available for this content. As you have access to this content, full HTML content is provided on this page. A PDF of this content is also available in through the ‘Save PDF’ action button.
Sesame Oil and Rice Bran Oil Ameliorates Adjuvant‐Induced Arthritis in Rats: Distinguishing the Role of Minor Components and Fatty Acids (2016)

Though present in small amounts, the minor constituents of dietary oils may supplement the dietary therapies for rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Hence, in the present study, we assessed the effect of minor constituents from sesame oil (SO) and rice bran oil (RBO) and their fatty acids on the severity of adjuvant-induced arthritis in experimental rats. Rats were gavaged with 1 mL of SO or RBO or groundnut oil (GNO, control) with or without its minor components for a period 15 days before and 15 days after the induction of arthritis. Oxidative stress, markers of RA, eicosanoids, cytokines, paw swelling and joint integrity were measured in experimental and control rats. Results demonstrated that native SO and RBO but not SO and RBO stripped of their minor components decreased severity of paw inflammation, oxidative stress (lipid peroxides, protein carbonyls, nitric oxide), RA markers (RF and CRP), inflammatory eicosanoids (PGE<sub>2</sub>, LTB<sub>4</sub> and LTC<sub>4</sub>) and cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, MCP-1 and TNF-α) compared to control rats. Native SO and RBO inhibited hydrolytic enzymes (collagenase, elastase and hyaluronidase) in the synovial tissue compared to SO and RBO without minor components. The arthritic scores assessed based on the digital and X-ray images indicated that native oils but not those without their minor components reduced the paw swelling and bone loss. Our results indicated that minor components of SO and RBO possess a significant degree of an anti-arthritic effect and are responsible for down regulating inflammation in the experimentally induced arthritis in rats.
Voice conversion from non-parallel corpora using variational auto-encoder (2016)

We propose a flexible framework for spectral conversion (SC) that facilitates training with unaligned corpora. Many SC frameworks require parallel corpora, phonetic alignments, or explicit frame-wise correspondence for learning conversion functions or for synthesizing a target spectrum with the aid of alignments. However, these requirements gravely limit the scope of practical applications of SC due to scarcity or even unavailability of parallel corpora. We propose an SC framework based on variational auto-encoder which enables us to exploit non-parallel corpora. The framework comprises an encoder that learns speaker-independent phonetic representations and a decoder that learns to reconstruct the designated speaker. It removes the requirement of parallel corpora or phonetic alignments to train a spectral conversion system. We report objective and subjective evaluations to validate our proposed method and compare it to SC methods that have access to aligned corpora.
Mercury Alters B-Cell Protein Phosphorylation Profiles (2013)

Environmental exposure to mercury is suggested to contribute to human immune dysfunction. To shed light on the mechanism, we identified changes in the phosphoproteomic profile of the WEHI-231 B cell line after intoxication with Hg(2+). These changes were compared to changes in the phosphoproteome that were induced by pervanadate or okadaic acid exposure. Both 250 μM HgCl2 and pervanadate, a known phosphotyrosine phosphatase inhibitor, caused an increase in the number of proteins identified after TiO2 affinity selection and LC-MS/MS analysis. Pervanadate treatment had a larger effect than Hg(2+) on the number of Scansite motifs that were tyrosine-phosphorylated, 17, and Ingenuity canonical signaling pathways activated, 4, with score >5.0. However, Hg(2+) had a more focused effect, primarily causing tyrosine-phosphorylation in src homology 2 domains in proteins that are in the B cell receptor signaling pathway. The finding that many of the changes induced by Hg(2+) overlap with those of pervanadate, indicates that at high concentrations Hg(2+) inhibits protein tyrosine phosphatases.
ChemInform Abstract: TOTAL SYNTHESIS OF PSEUDOGUAIANES. I. PREPARATION OF BICYCLO(5.3.0)DECANE SYNTHONS FOR DAMSINIC ACID AND HELENANOLIDES (1981)

Abstract Das Cyclisierungsprodukt (IV) des aus den Komponenten (I) und (II) erhältlichen Carbinols (III) wird auf dem angegebenen Weg in das bicyclische Keton (VII) übergeführt (Konfigurationsbestätigung durch chemische Korrelierung mit Damsinsäure‐methylester (XIII)), das über die angegebenen Stufen zum Epimeren (XII) umgesetzt wird.
Tunable n‐Type Conductivity and Transport Properties of Ga‐doped ZnO Nanowire Arrays (2007)

Well-aligned ZnO nanowires (NWs) with tunable n-type conductivity are synthesized by introducing Ga2O3 as a dopant source in thermal evaporation. The crystallographic orientation of the NWs depends on the dopant content. Electrical transport property measurements on single nanowires verify that the resistivity of ZnO NWs can be controlled, with high reproducibility, by the Ga impurities.
Conjunctival Goblet Cell Response to Vasoconstrictor Use (1989)

Vasoconstrictors such as phenylephrine and naphazoline are used in ophthalmology to decrease hyperemia associated with allergic conjunctivitis and contact lens wear. There is a suspicion, however, that chronic use of these agents can produce dry-eye symptoms in some patients. The purpose of this study was to determine whether vasoconstrictor use interferes with tear film adequacy by decreasing mucin-secreting goblet cells. Cellulose acetate filter strip impressions were taken from the bulbar conjunctiva of rabbit eyes treated with vasoconstrictors or artificial tears for varying periods of time, and the number of goblet cells per light microscopic field counted. There was no significant difference between the number of goblet cells in control and vasoconstrictor-treated animals within each time period. These results indicate that conjunctival goblet cell density is not significantly affected by topical vasoconstrictor use.
<title>Characterization of an integrated-optical pipelined polynomial processor</title> (1990)

A polynomial evaluator utilizing a pipelined architecture has been constructed and tested. Some notable features of this processor are its unusual design its speed in polynomial evaluation and its ability to rapidly compute the zeros of polynomials. This optical computer utilizes sequential processing by seven electrooptic gratings which perform alternate addition and multiplication functions in the pipeline. Its performance as a square-root processor and as a cubic polynomial evaluator are stressed. Characterization measurements upon the individual gratings and upon the processor as a system are presented. 1.