gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Electron‐Rich Alcohol‐Soluble Neutral Conjugated Polymers as Highly Efficient Electron‐Injecting Materials for Polymer Light‐Emitting Diodes (2009)

Abstract We report the design and synthesis of three alcohol‐soluble neutral conjugated polymers, poly[9,9‐bis(2‐(2‐(2‐diethanolaminoethoxy) ethoxy)ethyl)fluorene] (PF‐OH), poly[9,9‐bis(2‐(2‐(2‐diethanol‐aminoethoxy)ethoxy)ethyl)fluorene‐ alt ‐4,4′‐phenylether] (PFPE‐OH) and poly[9,9‐bis(2‐(2‐(2‐diethanolaminoethoxy) ethoxy)ethyl)fluorene‐ alt ‐benzothiadizole] (PFBT‐OH) with different conjugation length and electron affinity as highly efficient electron injecting and transporting materials for polymer light‐emitting diodes (PLEDs). The unique solubility of these polymers in polar solvents renders them as good candidates for multilayer solution processed PLEDs. Both the fluorescent and phosphorescent PLEDs based on these polymers as electron injecting/transporting layer (ETL) were fabricated. It is interesting to find that electron‐deficient polymer (PFBT‐OH) shows very poor electron‐injecting ability compared to polymers with electron‐rich main chain (PF‐OH and PFPE‐OH). This phenomenon is quite different from that obtained from conventional electron‐injecting materials. Moreover, when these polymers were used in the phosphorescent PLEDs, the performance of the devices is highly dependent on the processing conditions of these polymers. The devices with ETL processed from water/methanol mixed solvent showed much better device performance than the devices processed with methanol as solvent. It was found that the erosion of the phosphorescent emission layer could be greatly suppressed by using water/methanol mixed solvent for processing the polymer ETL. The electronic properties of the ETL could also be influenced by the processing conditions. This offers a new avenue to improve the performance of phosphorescent PLEDs through manipulating the processing conditions of these conjugated polymer ETLs.
Design and HCI applications of a low-cost scanning laser rangefinder (1999)

A low-cost scanning laser rangefinder was developed and optimized for applications involving real-time human-computer interaction (HCI). The usable range extended across several meters, enabling the device to be applied to such applications as tracking hands (e.g., as in touchscreens) in front of large displays. The system was implemented as a continuous-wave, quadrature phase-measuring rangefinder. This thesis will examine the current states of laser rangefinders and discuss the design and function of the prototype system, as well as propose and demonstrate new HCI applications of such alow cost device.
Elastic-Plastic Finite Element Analysis of Indented Layered Media (1989)

The elastic-plastic contact problem of a layered half-space indented by a rigid surface is solved with the finite element method. The case of a layer stiffer and harder than the substrate is analyzed and solutions for the contact pressure, subsurface stresses and strains, and location, shape, and growth of the plastic zone are presented for various layer thicknesses and indentation depths. Finite element results for a halfspace having the substrate properties are also given for comparison purposes. Differences between the elastic and elastic-plastic solutions are discussed and the significance of critical parameters such as the layer thickness, mechanical properties of layer and substrate materials, indentation depth, and interfacial friction on the threshold of plasticity, contact pressure distribution, and growth of the plastic zone are examined. Additionally, the mechanisms of layer decohesion and subsurface crack initiation are interpreted in light of the results obtained in this study.
415 INDUCTION OF FOLLICULAR WAVE EMERGENCE IN WOOD BISON BY FOLLICULAR ABLATION OR TREATMENT WITH ESTRADIOL AND PROGESTERONE (2009)

Reclamation of Canada’s threatened wood bison (Bison bison athabascae) herd is complicated by endemic disease. As part of an overall goal to conserve bison genetics, the specific objective of this study was to develop a protocol to control follicular wave emergence in bison for the purposes of ovarian superstimulation and collection of disease-free oocytes. In an initial study, the synchronizing effect of follicular ablation and estradiol (E2) treatment was examined. Ablation was effective, but the effects of E2 (5 mg) were confounded by treatment-induced ovulation in some animals. Two experiments were done to determine the effect of a reduced dose of E2 or the addition of progesterone (P4) in comparison with follicular ablation. Bison cows (n = 19), =3 years old, were scanned for 14 days to determine the mean and variance in the interval to follicular wave emergence (control phase). In Experiment 1, bison were assigned randomly to 2 groups: follicular ablation (n = 9) or 2 mg of E2i.m. (n = 10). In Experiment 2, the same bison were randomly assigned to 2 groups: follicular ablation (n = 9) or 2 mg of E2+ 100 mg of P4 i.m. (n = 10). Ablation involved transvaginal ultrasound-guided aspiration of all follicles =5 mm. Wave emergence was determined retrospectively by identification of the follicle destined to become dominant at an initial diameter of 4 to 5 mm, with a concurrent increase in the number of follicles =4 mm. The interval and variation in the interval to emergence of a new follicular wave was compared among the control phase and treatment groups by ANOVA. In Experiment 1, the interval to new wave emergence (mean ± SEM) was 4.9 ± 0.66, 1.1 ± 0.11, and 2.4 ± 0.47 days from the start of the control phase, follicular ablation, and E2 treatment, respectively (P &amp;lt; 0.001). The degree of synchrony (residuals) was 2.4 ± 0.36, 0.2 ± 0.09, and 1.2 ± 0.24 days for the control phase, follicular ablation, and E2 treatment, respectively (P &amp;lt; 0.001). Ovulation was detected in 1 bison treated with E2. In Experiment 2, the interval to new wave emergence (mean ± SEM) was 4.9 ± 0.66, 1.2 ± 0.15, and 2.9 ± 0.31 days from the start of the control phase, follicular ablation, and E2 + P4 treatment, respectively (P &amp;lt; 0.001). The degree of synchrony was 2.4 ± 0.36, 0.2 ± 0.08, and 0.7 ± 0.20 days for the control phase, follicular ablation, and E2 + P4 treatment, respectively (P &amp;lt; 0.001), and no ovulations were detected. In conclusion, follicular ablation, E2, and E2 + P4 treatments all shortened and decreased the variability in the interval to new wave emergence in bison, but follicular ablation consistently produced a quicker and more synchronous response. Supported by grants from the Advancing Canadian Agriculture and Agri-Food Fund (ACAAF), the Agri-Food Innovation Fund, Parks Canada, the World Wildlife Fund, and the Northwest Territories.
Understanding spatial correlation in eye-fixation maps for visual\n attention in videos (2019)

In this paper, we present an analysis of recorded eye-fixation data from\nhuman subjects viewing video sequences. The purpose is to better understand\nvisual attention for videos. Utilizing the eye-fixation data provided in the\nCRCNS (Collaborative Research in Computational Neuroscience) dataset, this\npaper focuses on the relation between the saliency of a pixel and that of its\ndirect neighbors, without making any assumption about the structure of the\neye-fixation maps. By employing some basic concepts from information theory,\nthe analysis shows substantial correlation between the saliency of a pixel and\nthe saliency of its neighborhood. The analysis also provides insights into the\nstructure and dynamics of the eye-fixation maps, which can be very useful in\nunderstanding video saliency and its applications.\n
The Sound Velocity in Ideal Liquid Mixtures from Thermal Volume Fluctuations (2005)

The selection of the correct mixing rule for sound velocity in ideal liquid mixtures determines the interpretation of the sound velocity in real mixtures. This is especially important for the determination of apparent properties of solutes, such as their apparent compressibility. There are different approaches reported in the literature, and this article presents a new derivation of the mixing rule based on statistical mechanics. It is shown that the correlation of volume fluctuations between adjacent components has a crucial influence on the ideal mixing rule.
Smoothing of substrate pits using ion beam deposition for EUV lithography (2012)

Mitigation of pit-type defects proves to be a major hurdle facing the production of a defect-free mask blank for EUV lithography. Recent efforts have been directed toward substrate smoothing methods during deposition. The angle of incidence of the substrate is known to have a significant effect on the growth of defects during deposition. It has been shown that shadowing effects for bump-type defects are reduced when depositing Mo/Si films at near-normal incidence, resulting in a Gaussian growth profile in which the height and volume of the defect are minimized. Conversely, operating at off-normal incidence reduces shadowing of pit-type defects. When altering the angle of incidence of the substrate, the target angle must be changed to maintain uniformity. The resulting mask blank must also meet surface roughness specifications post-deposition while maintaining a low defect density. In this study, various substrate angle and target angle combinations were investigated within the Veeco Nexus Low Defect Density tool at SEMATECH to find optimum in situ pit smoothing conditions using ion beam deposition on both quartz and low thermal expansion material (LTEM) substrates. The possible substrate-target angle combinations are limited by the design of the current deposition tool; therefore, a phase space has been mapped out to determine uniform and non-uniform regions. Other deposition parameters including operating pressure and working gas composition were also explored. After deposition, EUV reflectrometry measurements were taken to evaluate uniformity in the wavelength; surface roughness, change in pit depth, change in full width at half maximum, and pit smoothing power were determined using atomic force microscopy (AFM); transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was used to study the effect of film disruption through the multilayer; and the printability of smoothed pits will be measure actinically using SEMATECH's AIT tool. Preliminary results show that positive values for substrate angles in the uniform region tend to give a high surface roughness after multilayer deposition; however, the combinations with negative substrate angles show promising results. Substrate angles with lower values resulted in better smoothing than the higher substrate angles. AFM results confirmed that pit smoothing power at lower substrate angles is greater than under the standard deposition conditions employed by the tool. Lower chamber pressure was proven to increase the smoothing power of pit-type defects during deposition. Preliminary TEM cross-section data confirmed the smoothing results obtained by AFM analysis. The use of Ne and Xe as working gases is also under review. Extensive AFM analysis, TEM cross-sections, and printability data will be presented.
Balance and Mobility Following Stroke: Effects of Physical Therapy Interventions With and Without Biofeedback/Forceplate Training (2001)

Although both groups demonstrated improvement following 4 weeks of physical therapy interventions, no additional effects were found in the group that received visual biofeedback/forceplate training combined with other physical therapy.
Differential requirements of ciliogenic/ciliopathy module components in restricting Joubert syndrome-associated Arl13b to a C. elegans Inv-like ciliary compartment (2012)

Cilium dysfunction causes disorders such as Meckel syndrome (MKS), Bardet-Biedl syndrome (BBS), Nephronophthisis (NPHP) and Joubert syndrome (JS).Most ciliopathy proteins localize to cilia where they regulate developmental signaling and transport.Previously we showed that JS-associated Arl13b localises at proximal ciliary membranes, where it regulates transport in C. elegans.Now we employ C. elegans to investigate the molecular basis of Arl13b ciliary compartmentalisation. First we find that the localisation of C. elegans Arl13b (ARL-13) to proximal ciliary regions does not include transition zones.This localisation, reminiscent of the mammalian Inversin (Inv) ciliary compartment, requires an RVxP motif.Using quantitative imaging, ciliopathy and ciliary transport genes were found to differentially restrict ARL-13 to cilia, with IFT, BBS and MKS gene mutants displaying varying ARL-13 accumulations explicitly at periciliary membranes.Specifically, we observed strong accumulations in IFT-B complex mutants, moderate accumulations in IFT-A, BBS and MKS mutants, and no accumulations in NPHP, septin or kinesin-2 mutants.Interestingly, within IFT/BBS/MKS mutant cilia, ARL-13 distributions were unaffected, as was ARL-13 ciliary mobility.Finally, using a TAP-tag immunoprecipitation approach from mammalian HEK293T cells and state-of-the-art mass spectrometry, we identified components of mammalian Arl13b-associated complexes, including the IFT-B subcomplex.These data show that ARL-13 localisation to an Inv-like ciliary compartment requires an RVxP motif and differential contributions by ciliary transport and ciliopathy modules.Our data also suggest that IFT/BBS/MKS modules are not required for ARL-13 distribution and mobility within cilia, but rather its entry into cilia, perhaps by overcoming a transport barrier at the ciliary base.
High dielectric constant Hf–Sn–Ti–O thin films (1999)

High dielectric constant Hf–Sn–Ti–O thin-film materials were identified using a compositional-spread approach. Thin films of composition Hf0.2Sn0.05Ti0.75O2 prepared at 250 °C have excellent dielectric properties: 40–70-nm-thick films with a dielectric constant of 40–60 were obtained, depending on the processing conditions, yielding a specific capacitance of 9–17 fF/μm2. Breakdown fields were measured to be about 3–4 MV/cm, yielding a figure of merit εε0Ebr∼19 μC/cm2. Leakage currents, measured at 1 MV/cm, were in the range 10−7−10−6 A/cm2.
Comparison of various microbial inocula for the efficient anaerobic digestion of Laminaria hyperborea (2014)

Overall inoculum 8 was found to be the most efficient inoculum for AD of seaweed. The study therefore showed that selection and inclusion of efficient polysaccharide hydrolysing bacteria and methanogenic archaea in an inoculum offer increased methane productivity in AD of L. hyperborea. This inoculum will now being tested in larger scale (10L) continuously stirred reactors optimised for feed rate and retention time to determine maximum methane production under single-stage and two-stage AD systems.
Combination therapy in relapsed or refractory chronic immune thrombocytopenia: a case report and literature review (2016)

Combination immunosuppression can potentiate the effect of TPO-RAs. This mechanistically reasonable strategy could result in a more rapid response than the more popular, sequential, single-agent strategy. Stepwise tapering can be successfully implemented. Comparing sequential single-agent therapy with early combination approach warrants a more extensive study.
Analyzing the Long Term Cohesive Effect of Sector Specific Driving Forces (2016)

Financial markets are partially composed of sectors dominated by external driving forces, such as commodity prices, infrastructure and other indices. We characterize the statistical properties of such sectors and present a novel model for the coupling of the stock prices and their dominating driving forces, inspired by mean reverting stochastic processes. Using the model we were able to explain the market sectors' long term behavior and estimate the coupling strength between stocks in financial markets and the sector specific driving forces. Notably, the analysis was successfully applied to the shipping market, in which the Baltic dry index (BDI), an assessment of the price of transporting the major raw materials by sea, influences the shipping financial market. We also present the analysis of other sectors-the gold mining market and the food production market, for which the model was also successfully applied. The model can serve as a general tool for characterizing the coupling between external forces and affected financial variables and therefore for estimating the risk in sectors and their vulnerability to external stress.
Optimization of Multipinhole Arrangements for Quantitative Mouse Brain SPECT by Monte Carlo Simulation (2005)

This study investigated an overlapping multipinhole SPECT system and sought to optimize the arrangement of pin holes for quantitative mouse brain imaging. An analytical Monte Carlo simulation method took into account the pinhole aperture function, edge penetration and intrinsic detector resolution. A model-based 3D OSEM algorithm was developed and used to reconstruct images. Three pinhole models (ideal pinhole, geometric pinhole and real pinhole) were implemented in the reconstruction algorithm. Results showed that the compensation for pinhole aperture and edge penetration had improved resolution. Study using a resolution (cold-rod) phantom with various pinhole diameters (0.3, 0.6, 0.9 and 1.2 mm) and various pinhole numbers (1, 4, 9 and 16) showed that the multipinhole had improved the trade-off between sensitivity and resolution. Quantitative study of cerebral Dopamine Transporter (DAT) binding using a mouse brain phantom and 1.0-mm pin holes showed that the multipinhole had outperformed single pinholes by lowering the variance of quantification. Results also suggest that approximately 10 pinholes is a good choice for the mouse brain study.
Mining the Literature: Assessing the Science of Milk Fat Globule Membrane and Its Components Utilizing Comprehensive Literature Search Techniques (2020)

Milk fat globule membrane (MFGM) is the component of milk responsible for fat delivery. MFGM is a single component but contains a variety of glycosylated proteins and lipids that influence health. The objective herein is to highlight the breadth of research surrounding MFGM and its individual components. Searches on MFGM and its components (individual proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates) were conducted August 2019 in Embase. For the ‘MFGM’ search we added specific exclusion terms to focus results around nutrition. The individual components were searched for in combination with ‘{AND} Milk’. Downloaded publications were loaded into R (version 3.6.1) for merging, filtering and categorization. MFGM and individual component searches were combined into one data frame while ensuring no duplicates. Once searches were merged, publication abstracts and titles were searched for keywords associated with study type (Clinical, Preclinical or Analytical) and functional benefit area. Finally, pediatric intervention trials were identified and summarized. Over 2150 scientific journal articles have been published on the topic of MFGM and its components since 1950. This includes analytical research characterizing MFGM structure and components, preclinical publications demonstrating mechanisms of action as well as human intervention trials. Within the Clinical and Preclinical studies, 1169 papers were categorized with Brain (36%), Gut (30%) or Immune (3%) as the predominant benefit area. Within pediatric intervention trials, over 1800 infants have been studied, with interventions lasting up to 12 months for a combined study intervention period of at least 424 weeks and follow-up measures taken up to 6 years following study initiation. The growing body of literature on MFGM reflects the importance of this naturally occurring compound with multiple health benefits. All of the authors are employed by RB.
Highly efficient fermentation of 5-keto-d-fructose with Gluconobacter oxydans at different scales (2022)

We optimised the 5-keto-D-fructose production process and successfully increased titre, yield and productivity. By using solid fructose, we presented a second feeding strategy, which can be of great interest for further scale-up experiments. A first scale-up of this process was performed, showing the possibility for an industrial production of 5-keto-D-fructose.
Molecular Biology and Mutation of Green Fluorescent Protein (2005)

Green fluorescent protein (GFP) is a naturally fluorescent protein first isolated from the jellyfish Aequorea victoria. It converts the blue chemiluminescence of other proteins, aequorin or luciferase, into green fluorescent light, presumably to reduce scattering, and hence improve penetration of the light over longer distances. The protein structure has been determined at the atomic level and reveals a cylindrical shape surrounded by β-sheets, called the β-can. This protein fold has now been found to occur broadly in sea creatures, forming colored, if not fluorescent proteins, many of whose structures have been determined by X-ray crystallography. The three-dimensional structures reveal details of the chromophores and their surroundings, and help explain many interesting features of GFP and its homologs.
Deletion 20q12 is associated with histological transformation of nodal marginal zone lymphoma to diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (2019)

The genetic and molecular abnormalities underlying histological transformation (HT) of nodal marginal zone lymphoma (NMZL) to diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) are not well known. While del(20q12) is commonly deleted in myelodysplastic syndrome it has not previously been associated with DLBCL. We recently described a case of DLBCL harboring del(20q12) in a patient with a history of MZL involving lymph nodes and skin. Here we report eight matched cases of transformed MZL(tMZL): six from nodal MZL (tNMZL) and two from splenic MZL (tSMZL). We found >20% del(20q12) in 4/6 tNMZL, but not in tSMZL, nor in unmatched DLBCL, MZL with increased large cells (MZL-ILC), or MZL cases. To examine whether transformation is associated with a specific gene signature, the matched cases were analyzed for multiplexed gene expression using the Nanostring PanCancer Pathways panel. The differential gene expression signature revealed enrichment of inflammatory markers, as previously observed in MZL. Also, tMZL and de novo DLBCL were enriched for extracellular matrix proteins such as collagen and fibronectin, vascular development protein PDGFRβ, DNA repair protein RAD51, and oncogenic secrete protein Wnt11. A subset of genes is expressed differentially in del(20q12) tMZL cases vs non-del(20q12) tMZL cases. These results suggest a specific pathway is involved in the histological transformation of NMZL, which could serve as an indicator of aggressive clinical course in this otherwise indolent neoplasm.
Destage algorithms for disk arrays with nonvolatile caches (1998)

In a disk array with a nonvolatile write cache, destages from the cache to the disk are performed in the background asynchronously while read requests from the host system are serviced in the foreground. We study a number of algorithms for scheduling destages in a RAID-5 system. We introduce a scheduling algorithm, called linear threshold scheduling, that adaptively varies the rate of destages to disks based on the instantaneous occupancy of the write cache. The performance of the algorithm is compared with that of a number of alternative scheduling approaches, such as least cost scheduling and high/low mark. The algorithms are evaluated in terms of their effectiveness in making destages transparent to the servicing of read requests from the host, disk utilization, and their ability to tolerate bursts in the workload without causing an overflow of the write cache. Our results show that linear threshold scheduling provides the best read performance of all the algorithms compared, while still maintaining a high degree of burst tolerance. An approximate implementation of the linear threshold scheduling algorithm is also described. The approximate algorithm can be implemented with much lower overhead, yet its performance is virtually identical to that of the ideal algorithm.