gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effect of Catalyst Structure on Oxidative Dehydrogenation of Ethane and Propane on Alumina-Supported Vanadia (2001)

The catalytic properties of Al2O3-supported vanadia with a wide range of VOx surface density (1.4-34.2 V/nm2) and structure were examined for the oxidative dehydrogenation of ethane and propane. UV-visible and Raman spectra showed that vanadia is dispersed predominately as isolated monovanadate species below ~2.3 V/nm2. As surface densities increase, two-dimensional polyvanadates appear (2.3-7.0 V/nm2) along with increasing amounts of V2O5 crystallites at surface densities above 7.0 V/nm2. The rate constant for oxidative dehydrogenation (k1) and its ratio with alkane and alkene combustion (k2/k1 and k3/k1, respectively) were compared for both alkane reactants as a function of vanadia surface density. Propene formation rates (per V-atom) are ~8 times higher than ethene formation rates at a given reaction temperature, but the apparent ODH activation energies (E1) are similar for the two reactants and relatively insensitive to vanadia surface density. Ethene and propene formation rates (per V-atom) are strongly influenced by vanadia surface density and reach a maximum value at intermediate surface densities (~8 V/nm2). The ratio of k2/k1 depends weakly on reaction temperature, indicating that activation energies for alkane combustion and ODH reactions are similar. The ratio of k2/k1 is independent of surface density for ethane, but increase slightly with vanadia surface density for propane, suggesting that isolated structures prevalent at low surface densities are slightly more selective for alkane dehydrogenation reactions. The ratio of k3/k1 decreases markedly with increasing reaction temperature for both ethane and propane ODH. Thus, the apparent activation energy for alkene combustion (E3) is much lower than that for alkane dehydrogenation (E1) and the difference between these two activation energies decreases with increasing surface density. The lower alkene selectivities observed at high vanadia surface densities are attributed to an increase in alkene adsorption enthalpies with increasing vanadia surface density. The highest yield of alkene is obtained for catalysts containing predominantly isolated monovanadate species and operated at high temperatures (~800 K) with reactor designs that avoid homogeneous reactions by minimizing residence time in areas without catalyst.
Additions and Corrections-Apirans. V. Synthesis of Spiro Ketones Employing Enamines (1965)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAdditions and Corrections-Apirans. V. Synthesis of Spiro Ketones Employing EnaminesH de Jongh, F Gerhartl, and Hans WynbergCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1965, 30, 12, 4395–4396Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1965Publication History Published online30 July 2002Published inissue 1 December 1965https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01023a623https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01023a623research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views22Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Meta-Analysis: Pharmacologic Treatment of Obesity (2005)

Sibutramine, orlistat, phentermine, probably diethylpropion, bupropion, probably fluoxetine, and topiramate promote modest weight loss when given along with recommendations for diet. Sibutramine and orlistat are the 2 most-studied drugs.
This Charming Man: The Life of Ian Carmichael (2011)

The first life of the man who was Lord Peter Wimsey, Bertie Wooster and starred in I'm Alright, Jack! With the death of Ian Carmichael in 2010 one of the last links was lost with the golden age of British cinema. Carmichael starred alongside Terry-Thomas and Peter Sellers in the Boulting brothers' classic satirical comedies I'm Alright, Jack! Private's Progress and School for Scoundrels. He summed up, on screen and in life, the kind of Englishman who was beginning to emerge after the war - educated, not necessarily upper class, upwardly mobile and a study in good manners and a sense of fair play - and thus played the straight-man foil to the distracted ravings of his wilder co-stars. Subsequently, he became Bertie Wooster in a highly successful television series based on P.G. Wodehouse's Jeeves stories. He also made the part of Lord Peter Wimsey his own in another long-running adaptation of Dorothy L. Sayers' famous detective novels, and was still acting on television well into his eighties alongside Susan Hampshire in ITV's drama series The Royal.
Freeform surface design for a light-emitting diode–based collimating lens (2010)

A freeform collimating lens is designed to project light rays emitted from an LED light source to a far target plane. Generally, the projection distance is assumed to be more than 100 m, and the light beam to have negligible divergence. The lens consists of a total internal reflection (TIR) side surface, a spherical surface in the rear, a vertical plane surface in the outer part of the front, and a freeform refractive surface in the central part of the front. Light rays emitted from the LED source with large spread angles hit the TIR surface and are redirected parallel to the light axis, and those having small spread angles will be collimated by the freeform refractive surface, which is designed with a simple approximation method, and then travel parallel to the light axis. Computer simulation results show that an optical efficiency of 81.5% is achieved under a view angle of ±5 deg and for a 1 mm×1 mm LED source.
Expressed Centromere Specific Histone 3 (CENH3) Variants in Cultivated Triploid and Wild Diploid Bananas (Musa spp.) (2017)

Centromeres are specified by a centromere specific histone 3 (CENH3) protein, which exists in a complex environment, interacting with conserved proteins and rapidly evolving satellite DNA sequences. The interactions may become more challenging if multiple CENH3 versions are introduced into the zygote as this can affect post-zygotic mitosis and ultimately sexual reproduction. Here, we characterize <i>CENH3</i> variant transcripts expressed in cultivated triploid and wild diploid progenitor bananas. We describe both splice- and allelic-[Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNP)] variants and their effects on the predicted secondary structures of protein. Expressed <i>CENH3</i> transcripts from six banana genotypes were characterized and clustered into three groups (<i>MusaCENH</i>-1A, <i>MusaCENH</i>-1B, and <i>MusaCENH</i>-2) based on similarity. The <i>CENH3</i> groups differed with SNPs as well as presence of indels resulting from retained and/or skipped exons. The <i>CENH3</i> transcripts from different banana genotypes were spliced in either 7/6, 5/4 or 6/5 exons/introns. The 7/6 and the 5/4 exon/intron structures were found in both diploids and triploids, however, 7/6 was most predominant. The 6/5 exon/introns structure was a result of failure of the 7/6 to splice correctly. The various transcripts obtained were predicted to encode highly variable N-terminal tails and a relatively conserved C-terminal histone fold domain (HFD). The SNPs were predicted in some cases to affect the secondary structure of protein by lengthening or shorting the affected domains. Sequencing of banana <i>CENH3</i> transcripts predicts SNP variations that affect amino acid sequences and alternatively spliced transcripts. Most of these changes affect the N-terminal tail of CENH3.
Computation of most threatening radar trajectories areas and corridors based on fast-marching &amp; Level Sets (2011)

We propose to use new shortest path computation methods based on Front propagation with Level Set approach for a radar application. This new radar function consists in computing most threatening trajectories & corridors in the radar coverage in order to adapt radar modes for detection optimization. This Radar problem may be declined as a variationnal problem solved by calculus of variations and front propagation based on an adaptation of Fermat's principle of least time with an Hamilton-Jacobi formulation. A partial differential equation PDE drives the temporal evolution of contours of constant action (level lines of the manifold defined by the minimal potential surface given by the integration of a local function of the detection probability along every potential trajectories). The orthogonality between geodesics (shortest path) and curves of iso-action provides a simple numerical scheme for geodesics computation based on a steepest gradient descent algorithm (backtracking on the level-lines of iso-action). We underline the analogy of this radar problem with Feynman/Schwinger's principle that states close connexion between variational principle and quantum theory. Finally, we have extended the problem to anisotropic constraint induced by Radar Cross Section.
Study on preparation of niosomes with glyceryl dilaurate (2011)

VC was encapsulated in niosomes formed by glyceryl dilaurate via a ultrasound method.The preparation process was optimized by orthogonal experiment.The optimal conditions were found to be the ultrasound time 15min,the water temperature 0℃,the material and cholesterol ratio 2:1,the material and drug ratio 10:1.The highest entrapmention efficiency was 34.6%.The results showed that with self-made nonionic surfactant as raw material,nano drug carrier with good entrapmention efficiency and stability was obtained.Glyceryl dilaurate was a cheaply raw material and can be used in industrial production.
Host Controls of HIV Neutralizing Antibodies (2014)

The unusual traits of broadly neutralizing antibodies for HIV-1 are stimulating new strategies to induce their production through vaccination.
In-service inspection of steam turbine blades without disassembly (1987)

Loss of utility plant availability as a result of failure-causing cracks in steam turbine blades makes early detection of this problem critical. An Electric Power Research Institute survey, conducted as part of project RP 1266-24, indicated that 72% of turbine blade failures in fossil power plants occur in low-pressure (LP) turbines with half of all blade failures occurring in the last two blade stages (L-0 and L-1 rows). Failures are generally associated with blade tailing edges and root areas. Project RP 1266-24 also found that 79% of the blade problems in LP turbines were cracks. A turbine design of particular concern has been the Westinghouse Building Block (B.B.) 73. Reinhart and Associates has successfully inspected seven in-place B.B. 73 units for six utilities during the past 3 yr, as well as several disassembled turbines of other manufacturers and designs. These examinations consisted of visual and eddy-current examinations of the blade roots and trailing edges. The in-place inspections were performed using prototype manipulation devices to gain access to the blades through the hand holes. The only disassembly required to gain access for the examinations was the removal of the man-way covers on the main shell and the hand-hole covers on themore » outer cylinder covering the L-0 and L-1 blade rows.« less
Detecting Botnet Attacks in IoT Environments: An Optimized Machine\n Learning Approach (2020)

The increased reliance on the Internet and the corresponding surge in\nconnectivity demand has led to a significant growth in Internet-of-Things (IoT)\ndevices. The continued deployment of IoT devices has in turn led to an increase\nin network attacks due to the larger number of potential attack surfaces as\nillustrated by the recent reports that IoT malware attacks increased by 215.7%\nfrom 10.3 million in 2017 to 32.7 million in 2018. This illustrates the\nincreased vulnerability and susceptibility of IoT devices and networks.\nTherefore, there is a need for proper effective and efficient attack detection\nand mitigation techniques in such environments. Machine learning (ML) has\nemerged as one potential solution due to the abundance of data generated and\navailable for IoT devices and networks. Hence, they have significant potential\nto be adopted for intrusion detection for IoT environments. To that end, this\npaper proposes an optimized ML-based framework consisting of a combination of\nBayesian optimization Gaussian Process (BO-GP) algorithm and decision tree (DT)\nclassification model to detect attacks on IoT devices in an effective and\nefficient manner. The performance of the proposed framework is evaluated using\nthe Bot-IoT-2018 dataset. Experimental results show that the proposed optimized\nframework has a high detection accuracy, precision, recall, and F-score,\nhighlighting its effectiveness and robustness for the detection of botnet\nattacks in IoT environments.\n
Sub two-cycle pulse compression at 1.8 µm with bulk material (2010)

A simple scheme for generating 0.4 mJ 11.5 fs pulses at 1.8 µm is presented. Optical parametric amplified pulses were spectrally broadened in a hollow-core fiber and subsequently compressed by utilizing linear propagation through bulk material.
Analytical Evaluation of Lead Iodide Precursor Impurities Affecting Halide Perovskite Device Performance (2022)

Mirroring established semiconductor technologies, using higher quality reagents to synthesize halide perovskite materials results in improved optoelectronic performance. In this study, we selected five different commercial PbI<sub>2</sub> sources of various purities and fabricated solar cells in three different perovskite composition-device architecture combinations. In all cases, we observed similar device performance correlations to the PbI<sub>2</sub> reagent source across the different processing recipes and architectures. We then employed a suite of analytical characterization techniques to determine the identity and concentration of impurities within the PbI<sub>2</sub> reagents that affected the device performance trends. Many impurities were observed; some remain unidentified, but it was possible to single out acetate (OAc) and potassium (K) as key species displaying the largest variation in concentrations among the as-received PbI<sub>2</sub>. Acetate was identified as a detrimental impurity, while K impurities may be advantageous as suggested by the previous literature on alkali cation additives. A simple aqueous recrystallization successfully decreased the concentration of many impurities, and the results from devices fabricated from recrystallized PbI<sub>2</sub> reagents are interpreted in terms of their new impurity profiles. This work significantly contributes to the list of known impurities in perovskite reagents that researchers should be aware of, and we propose improved purification methods for perovskite precursors will further benefit device performance, run-to-run, and batch-to-batch reproducibility.
ChemInform Abstract: Total Synthesis of (+)‐Dibromophakellin. (2009)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Structure-Function Analysis of the Curli Accessory Protein CsgE Defines Surfaces Essential for Coordinating Amyloid Fiber Formation (2018)

Curli amyloid fibers are produced as part of the extracellular biofilm matrix and are composed primarily of the major structural subunit CsgA. The CsgE chaperone facilitates the secretion of CsgA through CsgG by forming a cap at the base of the nonameric CsgG outer membrane pore. We elucidated a series of finely tuned nonpolar and charge-charge interactions that facilitate the oligomerization of CsgE and its ability to transport unfolded CsgA to CsgG for translocation. CsgE oligomerization <i>in vitro</i> is temperature dependent and is disrupted by mutations in the W48 and F79 residues. Using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), we identified two regions of CsgE involved in the CsgE-CsgA interaction: a head comprising a positively charged patch centered around R47 and a stem comprising a negatively charged patch containing E31 and E85. Negatively charged residues in the intrinsically disordered N- and C-terminal "tails" were not implicated in this interaction. Head and stem residues were mutated and interrogated using <i>in vivo</i> measurements of curli production and <i>in vitro</i> amyloid polymerization assays. The R47 head residue of CsgE is required for stabilization of CsgA- and CsgE-mediated curli fiber formation. Mutation of the E31 and E85 stem residues to positively charged side chains decreased CsgE-mediated curli fiber formation but increased CsgE-mediated stabilization of CsgA. No single-amino-acid substitutions in the head, stem, or tail regions affected the ability of CsgE to cap the CsgG pore as determined by a bile salt sensitivity assay. These mechanistic insights into the directed assembly of functional amyloids in extracellular biofilms elucidate possible targets for biofilm-associated bacterial infections.<b>IMPORTANCE</b> Curli represent a class of functional amyloid fibers produced by <i>Escherichia coli</i> and other Gram-negative bacteria that serve as protein scaffolds in the extracellular biofilm matrix. Despite the lack of sequence conservation among different amyloidogenic proteins, the structural and biophysical properties of functional amyloids such as curli closely resemble those of amyloids associated with several common neurodegenerative diseases. These parallels are underscored by the observation that certain proteins and chemicals can prevent amyloid formation by the major curli subunit CsgA and by alpha-synuclein, the amyloid-forming protein found in Lewy bodies during Parkinson's disease. CsgA subunits are targeted to the CsgG outer membrane pore by CsgE prior to secretion and assembly into fibers. Here, we use biophysical, biochemical, and genetic approaches to elucidate a mechanistic understanding of CsgE function in curli biogenesis.
Vibrational Spectroscopy of Liquid Water by Monochromated Aloof EELS (2018)

An abstract is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. As you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the 'Save PDF' action button.
[Release kinetics of methotrexate loaded calcium phosphate cement and histological evaluation of the osteogenesis in rabbits]. (2010)

MPX-CPC system is an effective drug delivery system. Both MTX-CPC and CPC has good biodegradability and osteoconduction. Therefore,MTX-CPC system can be an ideal material for filling defects and controlling local recurrence.
Contact allergy to diazolidinyl urea (Germall II®) (1988)

4 cases of contact allergy to diazolidinyl urea (Germall II) in a "hypoallergenic" brand of cosmetics are described. 2 patients sensitized by these cosmetics were not allergic to formaldehyde. 2 other patients already sensitive to formaldehyde had exacerbations of dermatitis due to diazolidinyl urea. The following tentative conclusions were drawn. (i) Contact allergy to diazolidinyl urea may or may not be due to formaldehyde sensitivity. (ii) Patients allergic to formaldehyde may suffer contact allergic reactions from the use of cosmetics containing diazolidinyl urea. (iii) Patients sensitized to diazolidinyl urea may cross-react to imidazolidinyl urea and vice-versa. (iv) It is suggested that the sensitizing potential of diazolidinyl urea is greater than that of imidazolidinyl urea. (v) Aq. solutions may be preferable to pet. for patch testing with diazolidinyl urea.
Determination of densities and energy levels of donors in free-standing undoped 3C–SiC epilayers with thicknesses of 80μm (2004)

The densities and energy levels of donors in free-standing undoped 3C–SiC epilayers with the thicknesses of ∼80μm are investigated from the temperature dependence of the electron concentration n(T) obtained by Hall-effect measurements. Although in the analysis of n(T) many researchers usually assume that only one type of donor species is included in n-type 3C–SiC, no one knows whether this assumption is correct or not. In order to determine the densities and energy levels using n(T) without any assumptions regarding donor species, the graphical peak analysis method called free carrier concentration spectroscopy is applied. Three types of donor species are detected in these epilayers. These donor densities can be reduced to &amp;lt;5×1015cm−3 by growing 3C–SiC epilayers on undulant Si substrate. Moreover, the dependence of each donor level on a total donor density is investigated, which is used in 3C–SiC device simulation.
High power narrowband 589nm frequency doubled fibre laser source (2009)

We demonstrate high-power high-efficiency cavity-enhanced second harmonic generation of an in-house built ultra-high spectral density (SBS-suppressed) 1178 nm narrowband Raman fibre amplifier. Up to 14.5 W 589 nm CW emission is achieved with linewidth Delta nu(589) < 7 MHz in a diffraction-limited beam, with peak external conversion efficiency of 86%. The inherently high spectral and spatial qualities of the 589 nm source are particularly suited to both spectroscopic and Laser Guide Star applications, given the seed laser can be easily frequency-locked to the Na D(2a) emission line. Further, we expect the technology to be extendable, at similar or higher powers, to wavelengths limited only by the seed-pump-pair availability.
Evaluation of temperature measurement using 80 × 32 silicon-on-insulator diode uncooled infrared focal plane array (2022)

We evaluated the possibility of performing temperature measurements using an uncooled infrared focal plane array (IRFPA), consisting of an 8032 array of p-n junction diodes fabricated on a silicon-on-insulator (SOI) substrate (MIR8032B1). We previously reported the sensor design and data collection method for the MIR8032B1 at SPIE in 2021. In this presentation, we describe an aberration correction method and a comparison of different lenses with a high modulation transfer function. We verified the accuracy of the measurements using a shutterless method based on the thermal characteristics of the SOI diodes. Based on the results obtained in the present study, we discuss the applicability of such IRFPAs for temperature measurements.
Data Center Isolated Parallel Ring Bus Differential Protection Scheme (2021)

UPSs are used in data centers and other critical power applications for power conditioning and back-up. In addition, to ensure reliability of the data center, a redundant architecture is needed. This increases capital expenses and decreases the utilization rate. One approach is to use the isolated parallel ring bus (IPRB) architecture with static UPS. This features load sharing with active and reactive power transferred through choke inductors to the ring bus. This architecture maximizes the utilization rate while maintaining the reliability of the system. The protection scheme in this IPRB is critical to guarantee the operation in case of any fault. In this paper, the differential protection scheme of the IPRB is explained with simulation and field-testing results. The differential protection can effectively identify and isolate faults to ensure uninterrupted service to the load.