gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
In vitroassessment of cytotoxic, genotoxic and mutagenic effects of antimalarial drugs artemisinin and artemether in human lymphocytes (2018)

Artemisinin is a substance extracted from the Chinese plant Artemisia annua L. widely used in natural medicine for the treatment of various diseases. Artemether is a substance synthesized from artemisinin, and both drugs are commonly administered in the treatment of malaria. Although considered effective antimalarial drugs, very little is known about the genotoxic, cytotoxic and mutagenic effects of these drugs. Therefore, in the present study, we evaluated the genotoxic, mutagenic and cytotoxic effects of artemisinin (12.5, 25 and 50 µg/mL) and artemether (7.46; 14.92 and 29.84 µg/mL) in cultured human lymphocytes using the comet assay, the micronucleus test and the cytotoxicity assay for detection of necrosis and apoptosis by acridine orange/ethidium bromide staining. Our results showed a significant increase (p < 0.05) in the rate of DNA damage measured by comet assay and in the micronucleus frequency after treatment with both drugs. It was also observed that only artemisinin induced a statistically significant increase (p < 0.05) in the number of lymphocytes with death by necrosis 48 h after treatment. The results demonstrated that these two drugs induce mutagenic, genotoxic and cytotoxic effects in cultured human lymphocytes. Our data indicate the need for caution in the use of such drugs, since genotoxic/mutagenic effects may increase the risk of carcinogenesis.
The Metabolic Effects of Glycerol Administered to Diabetic Patients (1968)

Glycerol administered orally in amounts of 25 to 50 gm four times daily in place of isocaloric amounts of dextrose during partial insulin withdrawal to four ketosis-prone diabetic patients decreased the concentrations of ketone bodies in blood and alveolar air to within normal limits in all patients. The daily glycosuria in these patients and in the additional three diabetic patients who failed to develop ketosis after partial insulin withdrawal decreased by an average of 85 gm/day when glycerol was substituted isocalorically for dextrose. This suggested that glycerol is a carbohydrate which can be metabolized without requiring insulin. No consistent effect on fasting total serum lipids, free fatty acids (FFA), and hyper-pre-beta-lipoproteinemia was demonstrable under the conditions of the experiment. The disappearance of serum-pre-beta-lipoproteins after several days of a high-carbohydrate, hypo-caloric diet in one patient was sustained during glycerol administration.
Mild cognitive impairment (2006)

Mild cognitive impairment is associated with a greatly increased risk of incident Alzheimer disease and a more rapid rate of decline in cognitive function.
Molecular instability of graft copolymers under processing conditions (2012)

International audience
Abstract 052: Short-acting Hypnotic Drugs Increase Mortality and Obese Patients are Particularly Vulnerable (2012)

Background: An estimated 6% – 10% of U.S. adults took a hypnotic drug for poor sleep in 2010. At least 18 studies have reported significant (p&lt;0.05) associations of hypnotic usage with increased mortality. However, most lacked data on newer, supposedly safer, short-acting drugs, and had limited control for confounding by health status. Furthermore, little is known regarding potentially heightened risks in specific vulnerable populations. Objective: The present study was designed to test whether newer short-acting hypnotic drugs were associated with increased mortality after controlling for comorbid conditions, and to assess risks within subgroups of patients with specific medical conditions. Methods: Using electronic medical records from a large U.S. health system the authors conducted a one-to-two matched-cohort survival analysis of associations between hypnotic drug use and mortality. Records were extracted for 10,529 hypnotic users and 23,676 matched controls with no hypnotic prescriptions, mean age 54 years, followed for an average of 2.5 years between 2002 and 2006. Hazard ratios (HR) for death were computed from Cox models controlled for risk factors and stratified on comorbidites. Results: The short-acting drugs zolpidem (41%) and temazapam (20%) accounted for the majority of use. Patients prescribed any hypnotic had substantially elevated hazards of dying compared to non-users. Importantly, the death hazard was evident even in the lowest tertile, 1 to 18 pills per year, HR 3.60 (95% Confidence Interval, 2.92 – 4.44). HRs for the remaining tertiles were 4.43 (3.67 – 5.36) and 5.32 (4.50 – 6.30), demonstrating a dose-response association. HR were robust within subgroups restricted to users and non-users with identical comorbidity, implying that selective use of hypnotics by patients in poor health was an unlikely explanation for the excess mortality. Obesity emerged as a marker of increased vulnerability. Among 2206 patients with a diagnosis of obesity, (mean BMI 38.8), the mortality HRs by hypnotic tertile were 8.07 (3.64 – 17.89), 6.37 (2.73 – 14.88), and 9.34 (4.47 – 19.52). Additional models were fitted for patients with the combination of Obesity + Diabetes + Hypertension to evaluate the possibility that this risk was driven by metabolic syndrome. HRs for that combination were slightly lower than those for obesity alone, suggesting that obesity was the primary factor. Conclusions: Short-acting hypnotics were associated with a more than 3-fold increased hazard of death that, even at low levels of use. Obese patients appear particularly vulnerable, perhaps through interaction with sleep apnea. Emerging evidence for substantial harm, even with limited exposure to hypnotics, should be weighed against any benefits.
Soliton trapping in birefringent optical fibers (1989)

We show experimentally the trapping of orthogonally polarized solitons in birefringent optical fibers with polarization dispersions as high as 90 psec/km. Solitons along two axes of a fiber compensate for the polarization dispersion by shifting their frequencies, and we observe frequency splitting up to 1.03 THz for a polarization dispersion of 80 psec/km. For a 20-m fiber the energy required to compensate for the polarization dispersion is ~84 pJ, and for a 76m fiber the energy required reduces to ~64 pJ.
Effect of Postoperative Nutrition on Muscle High Energy Phosphates (1982)

This study examines the effect of hypocaloric nutritional regimens on muscle high energy phosphates in normal subjects and patients following total hip replacement. Eighteen patients undergoing total hip replacement and 11 normal subjects on a four-day period of bedrest were studied. The patients were randomly assigned to receive either: (1) 90 gms/day glucose; (2) 70 gms/day amino acids; or (3) 90 gms/day glucose + 70 gms/day amino acids. A percutaneous muscle biopsy was performed before operation and on the morning of the fourth day after operation. Samples were analyzed for adenine triphosphate (ATP), adenine diphosphate (ADP), adenine monophosphate (AMP), phosphocreatine (PC), free creatine (CR), lactate, and pyruvate. Normal subjects were assigned to receive either: (1) 90 gms/day glucose; (2) 70 gms/day amino acids; or (3) no caloric intake. The patients receiving amino acid alone demonstrated a decrease in ATP, ADP, and PC, while AMP and free creatine rose. No significant changes were seen in patients who received 90 gms/day glucose either with, or without, amino acids. There were also no significant changes in any of the normal subjects. These results suggest that a series of metabolic changes occur in skeletal muscle following injury such that small amounts of glucose are important for maintenance of cellular energy levels.
Characteristics of the intestinal epithelial barrier during dietary manipulation and glucocorticoid stress (1996)

Alterations in intestinal barrier function are characterized by depressed IgA, bacterial adherence to the intestinal mucosa, and permeation of clinically relevant proinflammatory luminal macromolecules (f-MLP). Enteral stimulation with foodstuffs is a necessary protective measure to prevent altered epithelial barrier function during glucocorticoid stress.
Parameter Governors for Coordinated Control of n-Spacecraft Formations (2017)

SCOPUS: ar.j
Age-related variations in global spinal alignment and sagittal balance in asymptomatic Japanese adults (2017)

PI; pelvic incidence; SS; sacral slope; PT; pelvic tilt; LL; lumbar lordosis; C7SVA; C7 sagittal vertical axis; SSA; spinosacral angle; TK; thoracic kyphosis; C2-C7SVA; C2-C7 sagittal vertical axis; C2-C7A; C2-C7 Angle; TIA; thoracic inlet angle; NT; neck tilt.
Apparatus makes klystron operating frequency adjustable from remote point (1967)

Apparatus makes possible proper frequency adjustment in a receiver using a pump klystron for a traveling-wave master. It incorporates a tunable overcoupled cavity with irises of appropriate size to accomplish frequency spread over the desired range and to maintain the Q of the klystron circuit at the optimum value.
Influence of the Molecular Geometry of Nonionic Surfactants on Surface and Micellar Properties in Aqueous Solutions (1996)

The influence of the molecular geometry of corresponding differently branched nonionic surfactants on surface and micellar properties in aqueous solution was investigated by surface tension measurements. The nonionic surfactants with a branched hydrophilic moiety are described as Y surfactants (CnG(Em/2M)2) and with a branched lipophilic moiety as V surfactants: symmetrical Vs (Cn/2)2GEmM and asymmetrical Va (Ck)(Cn-k)GEmM; where Cn and Ck denote an alkyl chain, G a triglyceryl unit, and EmM an oligo(oxyethylene) monomethyl ether with k = 4, n = 10, 12, 14, 16, and m = 6, 8, 10. The critical micelle concentration (cmc), the standard free energy of micellization (ΔGm), the equilibrium surface tension (γcmc), and areas per molecule at cmc (Acmc) at the air−water interface were determined as a function of the total hydrocarbon number (n)m=const in the lipophilic part and oxyethylene group number (m)n=const, in the hydrophilic part of the surfactant. The results are discussed on the basis of structural factors for the corresponding Y, Vs, Va surfactants and compared with data of the conventional unbranched surfactants CnE8M (I surfactants). Within these homologous series the increase of (n)m leads to the lowering and an increase of (m)n to the increasing of the cmc's and ΔGm's. For the corresponding surfactant series the negative contribution to the cmc and ΔGm of each CH2 group promotes micellization and increases in the sequence I > Y > Vs. On the other hand the positive contribution of each EO group opposes the micellization and is larger for Y than for Vs surfactants. The γcmc and Acmc for Y surfactants are significantly larger than for V surfacants. In the gorup of the V surfactants the cohesive forces of the hydrocarbon chains significantly influence the γcmc's.
The gut in the acute phase response: Changes in colonic and hepatic enzyme activity in response to dermal inflammation in the rat (1987)

1. Transient mild dermal inflammation was produced in rats by the subcutaneous injection of either carageenan or monosodium urate crystals. The activities of enzymes of the sialic acid metabolic pathway were measured in liver and colon at 8 h, 3 days and 7 days. 2. In both liver and colon the UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine 2-epimerase and asialo-alpha 1-acid glycoprotein sialyltransferase activities increased relative to controls while that of CMP-sialic acid hydrolase decreased. Similar changes occurred for both carageenan and monosodium urate crystals. 3. These results indicate that the acute phase response to a relatively minor inflammatory lesion causes significant changes in a distant and apparently unrelated tissue.
The genus Heterospilus Haliday in Britain, with description of a new species and remarks on related taxa (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Doryctinae). (1997)

Heterospilus fuscexilis spec. nov. is described from England and Sweden. A key to the macropterous European species with the ovipositor sheath projecting not more than half the length of the metasoma and having subbasal sculpture on the third-fifth tergites is added. Heterospilus testaceus Telenga, 1941, is synonymised with H. cephi Rohwer, 1925, the synonymy of H. basifurcatus Fischer, 1960, with the latter is accepted, and H. rubicundus Fischer, 1960, is considered to be a valid species.
A comparative study of Burkitt's and non-Burkitt's “undifferentiated” malignant lymphoma: Immunologic, cytochemical, ultrastructural, cytologic, histopathologic, clinical and cell culture features (1982)

Nine patients with "undifferentiated" lymphoma (DUL) of Burkitt's (AMB, four cases) and non-Burkitt's (NB, five cases) types were studied. All specimens stained for a single immunoglobulin light chain indicating a monoclonal B-cell lymphoid proliferation. Striking methyl green pyronine and punctate Oil-Red O staining were demonstrated in both groups. Histologic and cytologic examination demonstrated a lymphoid proliferation with a high mitotic count, a "starry-sky" pattern, prominent cytoplasmic basophilia and vacuolation in both subtypes. The AMB cases showed a predominance of regular nuclei with 3-5 basophilic nucleoli, while the NB cases showed slightly greater nuclear variability with a greater proportion of nuclei containing 1-2 eosinophilic nucleoli. The AMB patients were all children (median, 12 age years) and those with NB were adults (median, age 54 years). The site of presentation in both groups was predominantly extranodal and abdominal. This report emphasizes the considerable immunologic, morphologic, cytochemical and clinical overlap present among the subtypes of "undifferentiated" lymphoma.
Scene management models and overlap tests for tile-based rendering (2004)

Tile-based rendering (also called chunk rendering or bucket rendering) is a promising technique for low-power, 3D graphics platforms. This technique decomposes a scene into smaller regions called tiles and renders the tiles one-by-one. The advantage of this scheme is that a small memory integrated on the graphics accelerator can be used to store the color components and z values of one tile, so that accesses to the frame and z buffer are local, on-chip accesses which consume significantly less power than off-chip accesses. Tile-based rendering, however, requires that the primitives (commonly triangles) are sorted into bins corresponding to the tiles. This paper describes several algorithms for sorting the primitives into bins and evaluates their computational complexity and memory requirements. In addition, we present and evaluate several tests for determining if a triangle and a tile overlap. Experimental results obtained using several suitable 3D graphics workloads show that various trade-offs can be made and that, usually, better performance can be obtained by trading it for memory. This information allows the designer to select the appropriate method depending on the amount of memory available and the computational power.
Reversal of Cyanide Inhibition of Cytochrome c Oxidase by the Auxiliary Substrate Nitric Oxide (2003)

Nitric oxide (NO) is shown to overcome the cyanide inhibition of cytochrome c oxidase in the presence of excess ferrocytochrome c and oxygen. Addition of NO to the partially reduced cyanide-inhibited form of the bovine enzyme is shown by electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy to result in substitution of cyanide at ferriheme a3 by NO with reduction of the heme. The resulting nitrosylferroheme a3 is a 5-coordinate structure, the proximal bond to histidine having been broken. NO does not simply act as a reversibly bound competitive inhibitor but is an auxiliary substrate consumed in a catalytic cycle along with ferrocytochrome c and oxygen. The implications of this observation with regard to estimates of steady-state NO levels in vivo is discussed. Given the multiple sources of NO available to mitochondria, the present results appear to explain in part some of the curious biomedical observations reported by other laboratories; for example, the kidneys of cyanide poisoning victims surprisingly exhibit no significant irreversible damage, and lethal doses of potassium cyanide are able to inhibit cytochrome c oxidase activity by only approximately 50% in brain mitochondria.
Cascading reaction of arginase and urease on a graphene-based FET for ultrasensitive, real-time detection of arginine (2018)

Herein, a biosensor based on a reduced graphene oxide field effect transistor (rGO-FET) functionalized with the cascading enzymes arginase and urease was developed for the detection of L-arginine. Arginase and urease were immobilized on the rGO-FET sensing surface via electrostatic layer-by-layer assembly using polyethylenimine (PEI) as cationic building block. The signal transduction mechanism is based on the ability of the cascading enzymes to selectively perform chemical transformations and prompt local pH changes, that are sensitively detected by the rGO-FET. In the presence of L-arginine, the transistors modified with (PEI/urease(arginase)) multilayers showed a shift in the Dirac point due to the change in the local pH close to the graphene surface, produced by the catalyzed urea hydrolysis. The transistors were able to monitor L-arginine in the 10-1000 μM linear range with a LOD of 10 μM, displaying a fast response and a good long-term stability. The sensor showed stereospecificity and high selectivity in the presence of non-target amino acids. Taking into account the label-free, real-time measurement capabilities and the easily quantifiable, electronic output signal, this biosensor offers advantages over state-of-the-art L-arginine detection methods.
Stem cell mutations can be detected in myeloma patients years before onset of secondary leukemias (2019)

Therapy-related acute myeloid leukemia and myelodysplastic syndromes (t-AML/t-MDS) are secondary hematologic malignancies associated with poor prognosis, warranting insights into their predisposing conditions and cells of origin. We identified patients with myeloma who developed t-AML/t-MDS and analyzed their stem and progenitor cells collected years before the onset of secondary disease. We demonstrate that aberrant stem cells with high CD123 expression can be detected long before the onset of overt leukemia. Rigorous sorting, followed by targeted sequencing, resulted in ultradeep functional depth of sequencing and revealed preexisting mutant hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) clones, mainly harboring TP53 mutations, that became the dominant population at the time of leukemic presentation. Taken together, these data show that HSCs can act as reservoirs for leukemia-initiating cells many years before the onset of myeloid leukemia.
Two-stage calibration of a 6-axis force-torque sensor for robust operation in the Mars 2020 robot arm (2021)

A main objective of the Mars 2020 rover mission (Perseverance) is to collect and preserve samples of rock and soil from the Martian surface. To accomplish this task, the Perseverance Rover carries a Sampling and Caching Subsystem outfitted with Coring Drill mounted on a 5 degree-of-freedom (DoF) robotic arm. Safe operation of the Robotic Arm and its tools relies on force feedback, provided by a custom Force-Torque Sensor (FTS) which is positioned to sense end-effector external loads. This work describes the methods and algorithms used in the calibration of the Robotic Arm FTS to achieve the required force-feedback accuracy over all expected Mars and Earth operating environments. Specifically, we use a two-stage, least-squares optimization process to generate an FTS calibration model that is fit to both sensor-level and system-level calibration data, while implicitly compensating for offset, scaling, and thermal errors observed during sensor integration into the robotic arm system. This technique is compatible with remote FTS re-calibration while the rover is operating on Mars. Data collection strategies, standalone versus system-integrated sensor findings, results of validation exercises in Earth-ambient and Mars-like environments, and initial FTS commissioning data on Mars are all included.
Modeling of Thermal Performance of Nanofluids with PCM Particles (2015)

Development of next generation microchips and other high heat generating applications is constrained by the issue of effective heat removal. One of the most promising methods to enhance heat transfer is to introduce nano-sized phase change material (PCM) particles in the heat transfer fluid. In this work, commercial Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) software ANSYS Fluent was employed for modeling the thermal performance of liquid flow with nanosized PCM particles in a microchannel. The research carried out here resulted in a thorough quantitative assessment of heat storage capacity enhancement which can be achieved through the use of nanosized phase change material particles. The results showed tremendous potential for using nanosized phase change materials in liquid heat sinks for effective heat removal in high heat generating applications.
An Unconstrained Architecture for High-Order ΣΔ Force-Feedback Inertial Sensors (2007)

ΣΔ force-feedback loops have to deal with a stability problem due to phase-lag occurring in the sensor. To tackle this problem traditionally a compensator is introduced in the loop. We show that this traditional approach imposes a constraint on the realizable NTF such that the NTF cannot be optimized. Next we propose a novel unconstrained architecture that allows to implement any NTF. This way greatly improved quantisation noise shaping can be obtained. In a typical design example the improvement was 12 dB.
Learning symbolic descriptions of activities from examples in WAAS (2014)

We present an automatic system that learns symbolic representations of activities from examples in Wide Area Aerial Surveillance (WAAS). In the previous work, we presented an ERM (Entity Relationship Models)-based activity recognition system in which finding an activity is equivalent to sending a query, defined by SQL statements, to a Relational DataBase Management System (RDBMS). The system enables us to identify spatial and geo-spatial activities in WAAS as long as activities are carefully defined by human operators. Here, we show how to infer a structured definition of an activity from examples provided by a user. Our system randomly generates a set of possible SQL statements using a logic generator in a MCMC framework, uses a memory-based RDBMS to validate generated SQL statements with the input data/database, and selects the best answer that allows the RDBMS to explain the input positive examples while excluding negative examples. We have evaluated our system on real visual tracks. Our system can find activity definitions from input examples and associated query results including motion patterns (e.g., "loop") and geospatial activities (e.g., "parking in a lot").