gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Hyperpolarized 13C metabolic imaging using dissolution dynamic nuclear polarization (2012)

This article describes the basic physics of dissolution dynamic nuclear polarization (dissolution-DNP), and the impact of the resulting highly nonequilibrium spin states, on the physics of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) detection. The hardware requirements for clinical translation of this technology are also presented. For studies that allow the use of externally administered agents, hyperpolarization offers a way to overcome normal magnetic resonance sensitivity limitations, at least for a brief T(1)-dependent observation window. A 10,000-100,000-fold signal-to-noise advantage provides an avenue for real-time measurement of perfusion, metabolite transport, exchange, and metabolism. The principles behind these measurements, as well as the choice of agent, and progress toward the application of hyperpolarized (13)C metabolic imaging in oncology, cardiology, and neurology are reviewed.
Génération de grilles de type volumes finis : adaptation à un modèle structural, pétrophysique et dynamique (2013)

L'criture d'un code est un processus vivant. Le code est-il vivant ?Vivant car dsir, faonn, embellit, affin, condens, ouvert, libre enfin.Oui, le code est vivant si la flamme du codeur brule haut et fort.Un code bien document garde une part de mystre, celui de sa gense et de l'infini lan qu'il a suscit chez son crateur. Son crateur ou ses crateurs ?Nous ne sommes jamais seuls lorsque nous codons.Je ddie cette section tous ceux qui m'ont entour et fait aimer le code au del de toute rdemption.Je remercie Paradigm pour avoir permis la ralisation de ce travail en fournissant les licences dveloppeur de Gocad et le Consortium Gocad pour avoir financ cette recherche.Je remercie l'quipe Alice du Loria Nancy pour les algorithmes sur les diagrammes de Vorono barycentriques.Le simulateur GPRS (General Purpose Research Simulator) dvelopp par le Reservoir Simulation Group (SUPRI-B) l'universit de Stanford a t utilis dans ce travail.Je tiens remercier mes directeurs de thse, Guillaume, Bruno et Pauline pour leur soutien constant et leurs remarques toujours constructives.Je salue tous les collgues que j'ai croiss au GRG, Christophe pour l'introduction Linux et la cryptographie, Gautier et Julien avec le mythique N-cube, Marco, Pauline, Vincent, Nico et Florent, les anciens quand j'ai commenc, Jeanne pour Tweedle et son pragmatisme, Jeremy et sa noirceur fantastique, Arnaud et Charline pour leurs relectures innocentes, Pablo parce que c'est Pablo, Fifi et son rire dmoniaque, Tho (help !), tous les tudiants que j'ai encadrs et qui m'ont oblig tre pdagogique.Au LORIA, je remercie Vincent pour ses algos et sa philosophie de vie, et tous ceux que je n'ai fait que croiser sans avoir eu le temps d'approfondir.A Stanford, je remercie Guillaume pour ses discussions enrichissantes concernant les mthodes de discrtisation.Ma famille s'est agrandie et aussi raccourcie pendant ces annes de thse et j'embrasse trs fort tous ceux que j'aime et qui m'aiment, depuis les quatre coins du monde.Ce rapport est ddi aux fils du destin.i Table des matires 9 Combinaison des contraintes dans un plan de travail global 9.1 Dfinition d'une fonction objectif globale . . . . . . . . . . . .
A new high-Qactive band-pass filter with low-gain stages (1977)

The paper describes a simple high-Q insensitive active band-pass filter having relatively few passive components and active elements with low closed-loop gains, using positive feedback Q enhancement scheme. The proposed filter has minimum dependence on the bandwidth of the operational amplifiers and is capable of operating over a wide frequency range with relatively stable Q and resonant frequency.
Histidine → Carboxamide Ligand Substitutions in the Zinc Binding Site of Carbonic Anhydrase II Alter Metal Coordination Geometry but Retain Catalytic Activity (1997)

The catalytic zinc ion of human carbonic anhydrase II (CAII) is coordinated by three histidine ligands (H94, H96, and H119) and a hydroxide ion with tetrahedral geometry. Structural and functional analysis of variants in which the zinc ligands H94 and H119 are substituted with asparagine and glutamine, and comparison with results obtained with aspartate and glutamate substitutions indicate that the neutral ligand field provided by the protein optimizes the electrostatic environment for the catalytic function of the metal ion, including stabilization of bound anions. This is demonstrated by catalytic activity measurements for ester hydrolysis and CO2 hydration, as well as sulfonamide inhibitor affinity assays. High-resolution X-ray crystal structure determinations of H94N, H119N, and H119Q CAIIs reveal that the engineered carboxamide side chains coordinate to zinc with optimal stereochemistry. However, zinc coordination geometry remains tetrahedral only in H119Q CAII. Metal geometry changes to trigonal bipyramidal in H119N CAII due to the addition of a second water molecule to the zinc coordination polyhedron and also in H94N CAII due to the displacement of zinc-bound hydroxide by the bidentate coordination of a Tris molecule. Possibly, the bulky histidine imidazole ligands of the native enzyme play a role in disfavoring trigonal bipyramidal coordination geometry for zinc. Protein-metal affinity is significantly compromised by all histidine --> carboxamide ligand substitutions. Diminished affinity may result from significant movements (up to 1 A) of the metal ion from its position in the wild-type enzyme, as well as the associated, minor conformational changes of metal ligands and their neighboring residues.
Formation and Decomposition of Iron Nitrides Observed by in situ Powder Neutron Diffraction and Thermal Analysis (2014)

Abstract In order to gain more information on the formation and decomposition behavior of various iron nitrides from different starting materials in situ neutron diffraction and thermal analysis under application of different gas atmospheres and heating rates were carried out. The following phases were observed during these investigations: crystalline α‐Fe, γ‐FeN z , γ′‐Fe 4 N y , ϵ‐Fe 3 N 1+ x , ζ‐Fe 2 N, FeCl 2 , [Fe(NH 3 ) 6 ]Cl 2 , Fe(NH 3 ) 2 Cl 2 , and amorphous Fe(NH 3 )Cl 2 . In situ neutron diffraction data were collected in high quality, due to an optimized experimental setup with a time resolution of two minutes on D20 (Institut Laue‐Langevin) allowing for detailed Rietveld analyses. For all phase transitions, decomposition and formation temperatures a strong dependency from the heating rate, thermal history of the sample, gas flow conditions, and particle size exists. The nitrogen contents observed during thermal decomposition of ζ‐Fe 2 N were related to the binary phase diagram Fe‐N. At low temperatures (&lt; 400 °C) ϵ‐ and ζ‐phase are non‐equilibrated. However, through annealing equilibrium state is reached. For γ′‐Fe 4 N y formed in situ at higher temperatures an expansion of the homogeneity range towards lower nitrogen content is observed above 600 °C. For the formation of ϵ‐Fe 3 N 1+ x from FeCl 2 and NH 3 a previously proposed reaction sequence involving different ammoniates was confirmed. This reaction occurs via formation of amorphous Fe(NH 3 )Cl 2 . The therein observed in situ formed ammoniates were additionally characterized by IR spectroscopy.
John N. Hazard: 1909-1995 (1995)

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Implementation of a test wafer inventory tracking system to increase efficiency in monitor wafer usage (2002)

The process of building integrated circuits requires that semiconductor manufacturers spend millions of dollars annually on the purchase of test wafers. These test wafers are used to qualify tools, monitor processes, and develop new process techniques. Reducing the number of test wafers brought into the manufacturing process is critical to overall cost containment and improved efficiency. Other considerations for reducing the number of test wafers include the amount of time spent tracking down misplaced material, the potential for contamination and tool downtime if the wrong used test wafers are processed in the wrong tool, lost manufacturing capacity due to excessive storage of test material, and downtime resulting from a lack of test wafers due to poor test wafer management. In an effort to reduce costs spent on test wafers, many companies use reclaim to polish off the top surface of the test wafer. This provides a clean wafer suitable for re-use at a much reduced cost. In many cases, however, wafers are sent out for reclaim before their full internal re-use potential is realized, offsetting some of the cost savings. This is most likely due to the complexity in identifying downgrading paths and controlling the inventory of generated used test wafers. Motorola MOS12 recognized a need for a system that would significantly reduce the amount of money spent on test wafers by optimizing internal re-use opportunities implementation of this system required manufacturing and engineering to work together to determine which flows could be safely re-used and where, without negative impact to manufacturing. A matrix was constructed identifying all potential re-use opportunities. This system automates the test wafer ordering process, and forces used material to be used whenever possible, maximizing test wafer re-use. This paper win outline the necessary requirements for the development and installation of an efficient, automatic test wafer management system.
<title>Characterizing user sessions on YouTube</title> (2008)

In this study, we characterize user sessions of the popular multimedia Web 2.0 site, YouTube. We observe YouTube user sessions by making measurements from an edge network perspective. Several characteristics of user sessions are considered, including session duration, inter-transaction times, and the types of content transferred by user sessions. We compare and contrast our results with "traditional" Web user sessions. We found that YouTube users transfer more data and have longer think times than traditional Web workloads. These differences have implications for network capacity planning and design of next generation synthetic Web workloads.
A constitutive approach for studying concentrated suspensions of rigid fibers in a non ‐ Newtonian Ellis fluid (1991)

Abstract A constitutive model for a semi‐concentrated suspension of rigid fibers in a non‐Newtonian fluid is derived in the present study. This work is extended from a previous work by Dinh and Armstrong which counted rigid fibers suspended in a Newtonian fluid. To investigate the effect of the shear‐dependent suspending fluid on the shear viscosity of suspension, the Ellis fluid is assumed to model such a non‐linear matrix. It is shown that the present derivation, via a cell model, gives an analytic form to calculate the drag coefficient of fibers and to illustrate the influence of material parameters of matrix fluid. The resulting equation gives the bulk stress in terms of an integral over a fourth‐order orientation vector, e, similar to the expression of Doi and Edwards for dense macromolecular fluid. For the purpose of evaluation, the present model attempts to predict the rheological behavior in the inception of flow, steady simple shear flow and stress‐growth experiments.
Antiendometrial antibodies in endometriosis measured by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay before and after treatment with danazol and nafarelin. (1990)

No previous study has investigated prospectively the quantitative effect of treatment on antiendometrial antibody levels in endometriosis. We measured antiendometrial antibody levels by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in 35 women with laparoscopically proved endometriosis who were treated for 6 months with danazol (N = 11) or nafarelin (N = 24) in a randomized double-blind study. Levels before treatment were significantly higher than in a control group (P less than .001). Levels were lowered by treatment, but to a significant extent only in the nafarelin group (P less than .001) (danazol group: P = .091). Our data suggest that in relation to antiendometrial antibodies, nafarelin has a suppressive effect which has previously been ascribed only to danazol.
<i>In Vivo</i> Performance of an Injectable Biphasic Calcium Phosphate Bone Filler (2008)

An hydrated putty was prepared by mixing submicron particles, rounded particles and granules of Biphasic Calcium Phosphate (BCP) ceramics composed of HA and β-TCP phases. The material filled entirely critical sized defects in the femoral epiphysis of NZW rabbits. After 3, 6 and 12 weeks, histology revealed that submicron particles were rapidly degraded by multinucleated TRAP-positive cells. This osteoclastic resorption stimulated bone ingrowth while the large BCP particles served as scaffold supporting bone healing by osteoconduction.
L'ARN satellite du virus de la mosaïque du concombre I. - Comparaison de l'aptitude à induire la nécrose de la tomate d'ARN satellites isolés de plusieurs souches du virus (1981)

National audience
Fast Parallel Computation Of Multibody Dynamics (1996)

Constraint-force algorithm fast, efficient, parallel-computation algorithm for solving forward dynamics problem of multibody system like robot arm or vehicle. Solves problem in minimum time proportional to log(N) by use of optimal number of processors proportional to N, where N is number of dynamical degrees of freedom: in this sense, constraint-force algorithm both time-optimal and processor-optimal parallel-processing algorithm.
Photosynthesis Parameters in Two Cultivars of Mulberry Differing in Salt Tolerance (1999)

Three-month-old mulberry (Morus alba L.) cultivars (salt tolerant cv. S1 and salt sensitive cv. ATP) were subjected to different concentrations of NaCl for 12 d. Leaf area, dry mass accumulation, total chlorophyll (Chl) content, net CO2 assimilation rate (P N), stomatal conductance (g s), and transpiration rate (E) declined, and intercellular CO2 concentration (C i) increased. The changes in these parameters were dependent on stress severity and duration, and differed between the two cultivars. The tolerant cultivar showed a lesser reduction in P N and g s coupled with a better C i and water use efficiency (WUE) than the sensitive cultivar.
985. Aspects of stereochemistry. Part VIII. Determination of the configuration at the benzylidene acetal carbon atoms in 4,6-O-benzylidene-D-glucose and 1,3-O-benzylidene-L-arabinitol by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1961)

A. B. Foster, A. H. Haines, J. Homer, J. Lehmann and L. F. Thomas, J. Chem. Soc., 1961, 5005 DOI: 10.1039/JR9610005005
Analysis of Tunnel Current through Ultrathin Gate Oxides (1998)

Tunnel current through 1.27-8.12-nm-thick gate oxides has been calculated on the basis of multiple-scattering theory, in which the SiO 2 layer is segmented into multiple rectangular potential barriers. By using the conduction band barrier height of 3.34 eV determined for the SiO 2 /Si(100) interfaces, a tunneling effective mass of 0.35 m 0 is obtained so as to reproduce the SiO 2 thickness dependence on the direct tunnel current. The Fowler-Nordheim tunnel current oscillation due to interference between the propagating electron wave at the SiO 2 conduction band and the wave reflected at the SiO 2 /Si interface has also been explained by employing an oxide conduction band effective mass of 0.60 m 0 . It is found that the oxide thicknesses determined by ellipsometry are in good agreement with those extracted by fitting the measured tunnel current to theoretical one.
Risk-sensitive foraging in rats : the effects of response-effort and reward-amount manipulations (1999)

Evidence for risk sensitivity as a function o f a chaining energy balance has been documented in small avian and mammalian species.However, most research fails to produce risk sensitivity and argues that organisms are universally risk prone when presented with variable delays but invariable reward amounts.Manipulations in response effort have been relatively neglected, and this may explain the apparent rarity of risk sensitivity in past research.Fitness o f an organism depends upon the economic relationship between caloric gain and energy expenditure.Therefore, in order to effectively investigate foraging, shifts in response effort and reward amount must be used to deplete an organism's energy state.A choice preparation using wheel running in rats examined risksensitive preferences when both response effort and reward amount were manipulated.Concurrent reinforcement schedules (FI/60 and VI/60) yielded equivalent food amounts per unit time in all treatments.Two levels of response effort (20 g or 120 g tangential resistance) and two levels o f reward amount (3 or 9 pellets) were combined to form four distinct response-effort/reward-amourrt pairings.Increasing reward amounts significantly shifted choice toward the FI schedule in both response-effort conditions.The incidence of choice preference and the magnitude of shifts in choice were greater for the high responseeffort conditions than for the low response-effort conditions.Implications of the significant interaction between response effort and reward amount are discussed in terms of a general energy-budget model.11
Heteroatom participation during addition-rearrangement reactions of 2-thia- and 2-azanorbornenes (1975)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTHeteroatom participation during addition-rearrangement reactions of 2-thia- and 2-azanorbornenesMaynard S. RaaschCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1975, 40, 2, 161–172Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1975Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1975https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00890a003https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00890a003research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views331Altmetric-Citations52LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Understanding Visual Ads by Aligning Symbols and Objects using Co-Attention (2018)

We tackle the problem of understanding visual ads where given an ad image, our goal is to rank appropriate human generated statements describing the purpose of the ad. This problem is generally addressed by jointly embedding images and candidate statements to establish correspondence. Decoding a visual ad requires inference of both semantic and symbolic nuances referenced in an image and prior methods may fail to capture such associations especially with weakly annotated symbols. In order to create better embeddings, we leverage an attention mechanism to associate image proposals with symbols and thus effectively aggregate information from aligned multimodal representations. We propose a multihop co-attention mechanism that iteratively refines the attention map to ensure accurate attention estimation. Our attention based embedding model is learned end-to-end guided by a max-margin loss function. We show that our model outperforms other baselines on the benchmark Ad dataset and also show qualitative results to highlight the advantages of using multihop co-attention.
Adsorption of Alkanes in Zeolites LTA and FAU: Quasi-Equilibrated Thermodesorption Supported by Molecular Simulations (2019)

Adsorption of n-alkanes from pentane to decane (C5–C10) in zeolites LTA (ITQ-29 and 5A) and faujasite (FAU, dealuminated high-silica Na-FAU, NaY, and NaX) as well as branched hexane isomers in FAU was investigated by means of experimental quasi-equilibrated temperature-programmed desorption and adsorption (QE-TPDA) and theoretical Monte Carlo molecular simulations. A novel QE-TPDA method of studying porosity provided high-quality desorption–adsorption profiles and adsorption isobars of hydrocarbons. A unique two-step adsorption of long-chain alkanes in LTA zeolites was observed and explained in detail based on the results of the theoretical calculations. Although adsorption of n-alkanes in FAU is a one-step process, it also does not occur in a uniform manner because of strong lateral interactions at high loadings. We also investigated the influence of cation content on adsorption equilibrium and energetics for the studied adsorbent–adsorbate systems, finding a nonlinear relation between heat of adsorption and content of cations in FAU. Investigations on packing of the molecules of n-alkanes were also performed, revealing relations between chain length of the probe molecule and sorption capacity of the studied materials.
Hydrocarbon‐Stapled Helices: A Novel Approach for Blocking Protein‐Protein Interactions (2007)

Stapling proteins. Modulating protein–protein interfaces for therapeutic intervention has long been a vision of the research and pharmaceutical community. In a recent paper published by Verdine and co-workers, they developed and implemented a new technique termed “peptide stapling” and have applied it to inhibiting the Hdm2–p53 interaction. Herein, the implications of this work are discussed.
AVtrack360 (2018)

In this paper, we present a viewing test with 48 subjects watching 20 different entertaining omnidirectional videos on an HTC Vive Head Mounted Display (HMD) in a task-free scenario. While the subjects were watching the contents, we recorded their head movements. The obtained dataset is publicly available in addition to the links and timestamps of the source contents used. Within this study, subjects were also asked to fill in the Simulator Sickness Questionnaire (SSQ) after every viewing session. Within this paper, at first SSQ results are presented. Several methods for evaluating head rotation data are presented and discussed. In the course of the study, the collected dataset is published along with the scripts for evaluating the head rotation data. The paper presents the general angular ranges of the subjects' exploration behavior as well as an analysis of the areas where most of the time was spent. The collected information can be presented as head-saliency maps, too. In case of videos, head-saliency data can be used for training saliency models, as information for evaluating decisions during content creation, or as part of streaming solutions for region-of-interest-specific coding as with the latest tile-based streaming solutions, as discussed also in standardization bodies such as MPEG.
Crystallinity of Recycled PET Fibers from Chemical and Mechanical Reprocessing (2023)

ABSTRACT This work investigated the effect of isophthalate (iso) content in poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) materials on its degree of crystallinity (χ%) and mechanical properties. Melt blends were prepared from virgin (0 iso-wt.%) and bottle-grade (1.7 iso-wt.%) PET and subsequently spun into fibers. The mechanical and crystallinity properties were determined using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and uniaxial tensile testing. The crystallinity results determined from DSC and XRD quantified the relationship between iso-content and χ% in the materials. It was found that melt-mixing of different isophthalate grades had a lesser effect on melting temperature ( T m ) and χ% than chemically recycled random copolymers of terephthalate and isophthalate. It was further shown that random copolymers of &lt;0.25 iso-wt.% had comparable crystallinity to the virgin high-modulus low-shrink (HMLS) materials.