gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Histological and Ultrastructural studies on the kidneys of albino rat under the effect of tiaprofenic acid and the possibility of recovery after stoppage of the drug (2009)

The present study was performed to evaluated the pathological effects of tiaprofenic acid (surgam) on the kidneys of adult male albino rat and the possibility of recovery after stoppage of the drug administration. 40 male albino rats divided into 4 equal groups were used in this study. Group I: (the control group) the animals were intramuscularly injected with 0.5 ml physiological saline solution. Group II, the animals were intramuscularly injected with the therapeutic dose of tiaprofenic acid (TA) (18 mg/kg b.w.) every 12 hours for 2 weeks. Group III, the animals were intramuscularly injected with double the therapeutic dose of (TA) (36 mg/kg b.w.) every 12 hours for 2 weeks. Group IV, the animals were intramuscularly injected with double the therapeutic dose of (TA) (36 mg/kg b.w.) every 12 hours for 2 weeks and then left without treatment for 4 weeks for the possibility of recovery. Animals of groups I,II,III were sacrificed 24 hours after the last dose, while animals of group IV were sacrificed 4 weeks after the last dose, and the kidney samples were obtained and processed for histological and ultrastructural examinations. Histological changes in the rat kidney induced by tiaprofenic acid (TA) included hypertrophied glomeruli, swelling of the parietal epithelial cells, proliferation of the mesangial cells, and narrowing of the urinary spaces. Moreover, the cells of the proximal and distal convoluted tubules showed marked cloudy swelling with hypertrophied nuclei ; some displayed signs of pyknosis and karyolysis. Many inflammatory cells invading the intertubular spaces were also seen.Ultrastructural observations revealed swollen of the parietal epithelial cells of Bowman’s capsules , narrow urinary spaces, focal fusion of the visceral epithelial cells, thickened glomerular basement membrane and dilated glomerular capillaries with the prescence of amorphous materials as well as blood cells in the capillaries lumina. The proximal convoluted tubules showed erosion of the microvilli constituting the brush borders, with cell debris or cast in the lumina of the tubules; besides, degenerated mitochondria and lysosomes, fragmented rough endoplasmic reticulum and destruction of the basal infoldings were observed. The epithelial cells of the distal convoluted tubules manifested marked loss of some basal infoldings as well as degenerated mitochondria, and destructed endoplasmic reticulum. However, in the recovery group there was marked improvment in the kidney tissues which appeared more or less normal.
Endotracheal intubation through the Laryngeal Mask--helpful when laryngoscopy is difficult or dangerous. (1991)

The correctly placed Laryngeal Mask will act as a guide to endotracheal intubation in over 90% of adult patients. Although the size of tube is limited to a 6-mm-internal-diameter cuffed oral or nasal pattern tube the technique is easy to learn and can provide a rapid solution when endotracheal intubation is necessary but conventional laryngoscopy is unexpectedly difficult or dental restorations are at risk. Application of cricoid pressure reduces the success rate of the technique; therefore, if this manoeuvre is indicated to reduce the risks of regurgitation, anaesthetists are advised to arrange for its momentary relaxation during the final stages of placement of the Laryngeal Mask and of the endotracheal tube.
Function of AP2/ERF Transcription Factors Involved in the Regulation of Specialized Metabolism in Ophiorrhiza pumila Revealed by Transcriptomics and Metabolomics (2016)

The hairy roots (HR) of <i>Ophiorrhiza pumila</i> produce camptothecin (CPT), a monoterpenoid indole alkaloid used as a precursor in the synthesis of chemotherapeutic drugs. <i>O. pumila</i> HR culture is considered as a promising alternative source of CPT, however, the knowledge about the biosynthetic pathway and regulatory mechanism is still limited. In this study, five genes that encode AP2/ERF transcription factors, namely <i>OpERF1</i>-<i>OpERF5</i>, were isolated from HR of <i>O. pumila</i>. Phylogenetic analysis of AP2/ERF protein sequences suggested the close evolutionary relationship of <i>Op</i>ERF1 with stress-responsive ERF factors in Arabidopsis and of <i>Op</i>ERF2 with ERF factors reported to regulate alkaloid production, such as ORCA3 in <i>Catharanthus roseus, NIC2</i> locus ERF in tobacco, and JRE4 in tomato. We generated the transgenic HR lines of <i>O. pumila</i>, ERF1i and ERF2i, in which the expression of <i>OpERF1</i> and <i>OpERF2</i>, respectively, was suppressed using RNA interference technique. The transcriptome and metabolome of these suppressed HR were analyzed for functional characterization of <i>Op</i>ERF1 and <i>Op</i>ERF2. Although significant changes were not observed in the metabolome, including CPT and related compounds, the suppression of <i>OpERF2</i> resulted in reduced expression of genes in the 2-<i>C</i>-methyl-d-erythritol 4-phosphate and secologanin-strictosidine pathways, which supply a precursor, strictosidine, for CPT biosynthesis. Furthermore, while it was not conclusive for <i>Op</i>ERF1, enrichment analysis of differentially expressed genes in the suppressed HR showed that the gene ontology terms for oxidation-reduction, presumably involved in secondary metabolite pathways, were enriched in the ERF2i downregulated gene set. These results suggest a positive role of <i>Op</i>ERF2 in regulating specialized metabolism in <i>O. pumila</i>.
MODIFIED ASPHALTS : ARE YOU REALLY COMING? ---PROCEEDINGS OF THE THIRTY-SECOND ANNUAL CONFERENCE OF THE CANADIAN TECHNICAL ASPHALT ASSOCIATION (1987)

A brief history is presented of asphalt modification by the addition of polymers. The potential benefits and applications of polymer modified asphalts are discussed, and a summary is presented of field trials conducted with products developed by the husky oil corporation. These modified asphalts demonstrate enhanced properties, including improvements in consistency/temperature and consistency/loading time susceptibility, cohesion and antistripping.
Mouse Models of Influenza Infection with Circulating Strains to Test Seasonal Vaccine Efficacy (2018)

Influenza virus infection is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. The surface antigens of influenza virus change over time blunting both naturally acquired and vaccine induced adaptive immune protection. Viral antigenic drift is a major contributing factor to both the spread and disease burden of influenza. The aim of this study was to develop better infection models using clinically relevant, influenza strains to test vaccine induced protection. CB6F1 mice were infected with a range of influenza viruses and disease, inflammation, cell influx, and viral load were characterized after infection. Infection with circulating H1N1 and representative influenza B viruses induced a dose-dependent disease response; however, a recent seasonal H3N2 virus did not cause any disease in mice, even at high titers. Viral infection led to recoverable virus, detectable both by plaque assay and RNA quantification after infection, and increased upper airway inflammation on day 7 after infection comprised largely of CD8 T cells. Having established seasonal infection models, mice were immunized with seasonal inactivated vaccine and responses were compared to matched and mismatched challenge strains. While the H1N1 subtype strain recommended for vaccine use has remained constant in the seven seasons between 2010 and 2016, the circulating strain of H1N1 influenza (2009 pandemic subtype) has drifted both genetically and antigenically since 2009. To investigate the effect of this observed drift on vaccine induced protection, mice were immunized with antigens from A/California/7/2009 (H1N1) and challenged with H1N1 subtype viruses recovered from 2009, 2010, or 2015. Vaccination with A/California/7/2009 antigens protected against infection with either the 2009 or 2010 strains, but was less effective against the 2015 strain. This observed reduction in protection suggests that mouse models of influenza virus vaccination and infection can be used as an additional tool to predict vaccine efficacy against drift strains.
Research on extraction and reproduction of deformation camouflage spot based on generative adversarial network model (2019)

The method of describing deformation camouflage spots based on feature space has some shortcomings, such as inaccurate description and difficult reproduction. Depending on the strong fitting ability of the generative adversarial network model, the distribution of deformation camouflage spot pattern can be directly fitted, thus simplifying the process of spot extraction and reproduction. The requirements of background spot extraction are analyzed theoretically. The calculation formula of limiting the range of image spot pixels is given and two kinds of spot data sets, forestland and snowfield, are established. Spot feature is decomposed into shape, size and color features, and a GAN (Generative Adversarial Network) framework is established. The effects of different loss functions on network training results are analyzed in the experiment. In the meantime, when the input dimension of generator network is 128, the balance between sample diversity and quality can be achieved. The effects of sample generation are investigated in two aspects. Subjectively, the probability of the generated spots being distinguished in the background is counted, and the results are all less than 20% and mostly close to zero. Objectively, the features of the spot shape are calculated and the independent sample T-test is applied to verify that the features are from the same distribution, and all the P-Values are much higher than 0.05. Both subjective and objective methods prove that the spots generated by this method are similar to the background spots. The proposed method can directly generate the desired camouflage pattern spots, which provides a new technical method for the deformation camouflage pattern design and camouflage effect evaluation.
Worst-case performance analysis of parallel, communicating software processes (2002)

In this paper we present a method to perform static timing analysis of SystemC models, that describe parallel, communicating software processes. The paper combines a worst-case execution time (WCET) analysis with an analysis of the communication behavior. The communication analysis allows the detection of points, where the program flow of two or more concurrent processes are synchronized. This knowledge allows the determination of the worst-case response time (WCRT). The method does not rely on restrictions on the system design to prevent deadlocks or data loss. Furthermore possible deadlocks and data loss can be detected during the analysis.
Characterization of the ELIMED Permanent Magnets Quadrupole system prototype with laser-driven proton beams (2016)

Laser-based accelerators are gaining interest in recent years as an alternative to conventional machines [1]. In the actual ion acceleration scheme, energy and angular spread of the laser-driven beams are the main limiting factors for beam applications and different solutions for dedicated beam-transport lines have been proposed [2,3]. In this context a system of Permanent Magnet Quadrupoles (PMQs) has been realized [2] by INFN-LNS (Laboratori Nazionali del Sud of the Instituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare) researchers, in collaboration with SIGMAPHI company in France, to be used as a collection and pre-selection system for laser driven proton beams. This system is meant to be a prototype to a more performing one [3] to be installed at ELI-Beamlines for the collection of ions. The final system is designed for protons and carbons up to 60 MeV/u. In order to validate the design and the performances of this large bore, compact, high gradient magnetic system prototype an experimental campaign have been carried out, in collaboration with the group of the SAPHIR experimental facility at LOA (Laboratoire d'Optique Appliquée) in Paris using a 200 TW Ti:Sapphire laser system. During this campaign a deep study of the quadrupole system optics has been performed, comparing the results with the simulation codes used to determine the setup of the PMQ system and to track protons with realistic TNSA-like divergence and spectrum. Experimental and simulation results are good agreement, demonstrating the possibility to have a good control on the magnet optics. The procedure used during the experimental campaign and the most relevant results are reported here.
HEPATOCYTE TRANSPLANTATION FOR THE LOW-DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN RECEPTOR-DEFICIENT STATEA (1990)

The Watanabe heritable hyperlipidemic (WHHL) rabbit reproduces human familial hypercholesterolemia due to a congenital low-density lipoprotein receptor deficiency and is characterized by elevated serum LDL cholesterol levels and early atherosclerosis. We attempted to transplant normal allogeneic hepatocytes into WHHL rabbits without chronic immunosuppression to cure the LDL receptor-deficient state. Livers from normal New Zealand White (NZW) rabbits were digested by intraportal perfusion of collagenase solution. Pure hepatocytes (PH) were obtained by Percoll gradient separation and nonparenchymal (NP) liver cells by pronase digestion. PH and NP were incubated with fluorescein isothiocyanate-monoclonal anti-rabbit class I, anti-class II, and anti-T cell antibodies and subjected to flow cytometry analysis. PH and NP were also used as stimulators in one way mixed lymphocyte-hepatocyte cultures (MLHC), before and after ultraviolet B light (UVB) exposure. Intraportal and intrasplenic injection of allogeneic PH were also performed in homozygous WHHL rabbits. PH were attached to collagen-coated dextran microcarriers (mc-PH) for intraperitoneal injection. Recipient control and transplanted WHHL rabbits received a single dose of cyclosporine subcutaneously (10 mg/kg/s.c.) at the time of transplantation. PH were mainly class I-positive (77.6%) and class II-negative (5.9%), while 31.5% of NP cells were class II-positive. In MLHC, PH did not stimulate proliferation, (stimulation index: 0.97 +/- 0.21), unlike NP (SI: 23.7). This latter response was abrogated by prior exposure of NP to UVB light. Intraportal injection of PH (n = 4) reduced serum LDL cholesterol to 60% of baseline, an effect lasting 2-3 weeks, and dose-dependent. Intraperitoneal mc-PH, 4 x 10(8) (n = 4), reduced serum LDL cholesterol levels to 45% of baseline more than 4 weeks posttransplant (P = 0.04). We conclude that transplantation of normal allogeneic NZW rabbit mc-PH reduces serum LDL cholesterol levels in homozygous WHHL rabbits without chronic immunosuppression. Longitudinal studies will establish if less atherosclerosis develops in mc-PH WHHL recipients than sham controls.
Comparing the Quality of Human Pose Estimation with BlazePose or OpenPose (2021)

Human pose estimation is a computer vision task that predicts the position of person's body landmarks within a given image or video. This technology could help provide virtual motion assessments by analyzing videos captured when the patient is outside a clinical setting. In this study, a newer pose estimation model that can run on a smartphone (BlazePose) was compared to a well-accepted solution (OpenPose) to determine if these models can provide clinically viable body keypoints for virtual motion assessment. Using ten videos of clinically relevant movements (recorded by physicians), keypoint coordinates were generated from each model. Using OpenPose as a baseline, Pearson correlation and root mean square error were calculated between the BlazePose and OpenPose keypoint trajectories. BlazePose had more instances where keypoints deviated from anatomical joint centres, compared to OpenPose, indicating the BlazePose was not yet viable for clinically relevant assessments. However, BlazePose runtime was much faster than OpenPose and returned metrics that could be incorporated into a smartphone solution. Future designs of a smartphone-based system for conducting virtual motion assessments should utilize OpenPose for pose estimation; however, BlazePose could be used for other design aspects such as movement pre-screening or activity classification.
Effects of spinal anesthesia on response to main pulmonary arterial distension (1988)

Nonocclusive main pulmonary arterial distension produces peripheral pulmonary hypertension. The mechanism of this response is unknown. The effects of total spinal anesthesia on the response were studied in halothane-anesthetized dogs. Before total spinal anesthesia, main pulmonary arterial balloon inflation increased pulmonary arterial pressure and resistance without affecting systemic hemodynamic variables. Both right and left pulmonary arterial pressures were monitored to exclude unilateral obstruction with main pulmonary arterial balloon inflation. Total spinal anesthesia decreased cardiac output and systemic arterial pressures. After total spinal anesthesia, main pulmonary arterial distension still increased pulmonary arterial pressure and resistance. Right atrial pacing, discontinuation of halothane anesthesia, and norepinephrine infusion during total spinal anesthesia partially reversed the hemodynamic changes caused by total spinal anesthesia. The percent increase in pulmonary vascular resistance due to main pulmonary arterial distension was similar before total spinal anesthesia and during all experimental conditions during total spinal anesthesia. The pulmonary hypertensive response is therefore not dependent on central synaptic connections.
Transcriptome and exoproteome analysis of utilization of plant-derived biomass by Myceliophthora thermophila (2014)

Myceliophthora thermophila is a thermophilic fungus whose genome encodes a wide range of carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZymes) involved in plant biomass degradation. Such enzymes have potential applications in turning different kinds of lignocellulosic feedstock into sugar precursors for biofuels and chemicals. The present study examined and compared the transcriptomes and exoproteomes of M. thermophila during cultivation on different types of complex biomass to gain insight into how its secreted enzymatic machinery varies with different sources of lignocellulose. In the transcriptome analysis three monocot (barley, oat, triticale) and three dicot (alfalfa, canola, flax) plants were used whereas in the proteome analysis additional substrates, i.e. wood and corn stover pulps, were included. A core set of 59 genes encoding CAZymes was up-regulated in response to both monocot and dicot straws, including nine polysaccharide monooxygenases and GH10, but not GH11, xylanases. Genes encoding additional xylanolytic enzymes were up-regulated during growth on monocot straws, while genes encoding additional pectinolytic enzymes were up-regulated in response to dicot biomass. Exoproteome analysis was generally consistent with the conclusions drawn from transcriptome analysis, but additional CAZymes that accumulated to high levels were identified. Despite the wide variety of biomass sources tested some CAZy family members were not expressed under any condition. The results of this study provide a comprehensive view from both transcriptome and exoproteome levels, of how M. thermophila responds to a wide range of biomass sources using its genomic resources.
Ultrasonic Measurements of Temperature in Aqueous Solutions: Why and How (2011)

The paper describes two different approaches to ultrasonic measurements of temperature in aqueous solutions. The first approach uses two narrowband ultrasonic transducers and support electronics that form an oscillating sensor which output frequency is related to the measured temperature. This low-cost sensor demonstrated sensitivity of about 40 Hz/K at the distance of 190 mm and the operating frequency of about 25 kHz. The second approach utilised pulse-echo mode at the centre frequency of 20 MHz. The reflector featured a cavity that was filled with deionised water. The ultrasound propagation delay in the cavity was related to the temperature in the solution. The experiments were conducted for deionised water, and solutions of sodium persulfate, sodium chloride, and acetic acid with concentrations up to 0.5 M. In the experiments (conducted within the temperature range from 15 to 30°C), we observed increases in the ultrasound velocity for increased temperatures and concentrations as was expected. Measurement results were compared with literature data for pure and seawater. It was concluded that ultrasonic measurements of temperature were conducted with the resolution well below 0.1 K for both methods. Advantages of ultrasonic temperature measurements over conventional thermometers were discussed.
Combined effect of chip interleaving and frequency domain equalization for DS-CDMA (2005)

DS-CDMA with frequency domain minimum mean square error (MMSE) equalization can provide much better performance than that with rake combining in a frequency selective fading channel. When frequency domain equalization is used, the frequency selectivity of the channel is thoroughly exploited. Chip interleaving is a form of channel interleaving that improves the DS-CDMA performance by converting the channel into a highly time selective channel. In this paper, we apply chip interleaving to DS-CDMA with frequency domain MMSE equalization to see if the performance can be further improved. It is found that chip interleaving improves the performance for all channel conditions. In addition, chip interleaving is beneficial in the presence of turbo coding and antenna diversity as well.
Optical rouge wave generation in dielectrics with correlated fluctuations of refractive index (2017)

We study rouge wave generation for the propagation of light in a dielectric with correlated fluctuations of its refractive index and observe that with increasing the correlation length, the probability of rouge wave generation increases.
On Enhancing Network Reliability and Throughput for Critical-range based Applications in UWSNs (2014)

Abstract Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks (UWSNs) support various applications like pollution monitoring, tsunami warnings, offshore exploration, tactical surveillance, etc. Distinctive features of UWSNs like low available bandwidth, large propagation delay, highly dynamic network topology, and high error probability pose many challenges for designing efficient and reliable communication protocols. In this paper, we propose an extension of IAMCTD (Improved Adaptive Mobility of Courier nodes in Threshold-optimized DBR protocol for UWSNs) that focuses on enhancing network reliability and throughput for critical-range based applications. Our scheme avoids control overhead that was present in IAMCTD for implementing changes in depth threshold. The movement pattern of courier nodes along with reducing communication burden on nodes increases throughput as well. Additionally, stability period is improved and node density per round remains comparatively high improving the overall network reliability. Based on the comprehensive simulations using MATLAB, we observe that our scheme improves the performance in terms of throughput and stability period. Moreover, comparatively higher network density per round is maintained and end-to-end delay is stabilized throughout the network lifetime.
Supportive periodontal therapy using mechanical instrumentation or 2% minocycline gel: a 12 month randomized, controlled, single masked pilot study (2006)

This pilot study failed to show a difference between local delivery of 2% minocycline gel as mono-therapy and traditional subgingival debridement in patients on SPT.