gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Whole-bloodGeneExpressionProfilingin AnkylosingSpondylitisShowsUpregulation ofToll-likeReceptor4and5 (2010)

Objective. To identify differentially expressed genes in peripheral blood cells (PBC) of patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS) relative to healthy controls and controls with systemic inflammation. Methods. We investigated PBC samples of 16 patients with AS and 14 matched controls, in addition to systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and systemic sclerosis (SSc) samples utilizing Illumina Human Ref-8 BeadChips. Candidate genes were confirmed using quantitative PCR. Subsequently, these genes were also validated in a separate sample of 27 patients with AS (before and after anti- tumor necrosis factor (anti-TNF) treatment) and 27 matched controls. Results. We identified 83 differentially expressed transcripts between AS patients and controls. This gene list was filtered through the lists of differentially expressed transcripts in SLE and SSc, which resulted in identification of 52 uniquely dysregulated transcripts in AS. Many of the differentially expressed genes belonged to Toll-like receptor (TLR) and related pathways. TLR4 and TLR5 were the only dysregulated TLR subtypes among AS patients. We confirmed the overexpression of TLR4 and TLR5 in AS patients in comparison to controls (p = 0.012 and p = 0.006, respectively) and SLE (p = 0.002, p = 0.008) using quantitative PCR in the same sample. Similarly, TLR4 (p = 0.007) and TLR5 (p = 0.012) were significantly upregulated among the AS patients before anti-TNF treatment in the confirmatory sample. TLR4 (p = 0.002) and TLR5 (p = 0.025) decreased significantly after anti-TNF treatment. Conclusion. PBC gene expression profiling in AS shows an upregulation of TLR4 and TLR5. This supports the importance of TLR subtypes in the pathogenesis of AS that are responsible for the immune response to Gram-negative bacteria. (J Rheumatol First Release Oct 15 2010; doi:10.3899/ jrheum.100469)
High peak power solid state switches (2006)

This paper describes the design and performance of solid state switches developed for applications ranging from low repetition rates with moderate average power to high repetition rates with high average power. These switches use multiple series connected small 5300 V thyristors capable of 14 kA peak currents and &gt;25 kA/μs rate of current risetimes. These switch designs use patented self powered gate drives. One example is a 24 kV switch for operation at 2 pps that replaces spark gaps in a medical application in which the switch current has a ringing discharge with a peak forward value of 9 kA and a quarter cycle time of 500 ns. Switches used in fast kicker magnet drivers and to build solid state replacements for thyratrons are another example. Finally a 68 kV switch developed as a replacement for an F187 thyratron will be described which is intended for operation at a peak current of 7 kA and a repetition rate of 50 pps.
Color decomposition method for multiprimary display using 3D-LUT in linearized LAB space (2005)

This paper proposes a color decomposition method for a multi-primary display (MPD) using a 3-dimensional look-up-table (3D-LUT) in linearized LAB space. The proposed method decomposes the conventional three primary colors into multi-primary control values for a display device under the constraints of tristimulus matching. To reproduce images on an MPD, the color signals are estimated from a device-independent color space, such as CIEXYZ and CIELAB. In this paper, linearized LAB space is used due to its linearity and additivity in color conversion. First, the proposed method constructs a 3-D LUT containing gamut boundary information to calculate the color signals for the MPD in linearized LAB space. For the image reproduction, standard RGB or CIEXYZ is transformed to linearized LAB, then the hue and chroma are computed with reference to the 3D-LUT. In linearized LAB space, the color signals for a gamut boundary point are calculated to have the same lightness and hue as the input point. Also, the color signals for a point on the gray axis are calculated to have the same lightness as the input point. Based on the gamut boundary points and input point, the color signals for the input point are then obtained using the chroma ratio divided by the chroma of the gamut boundary point. In particular, for a change of hue, the neighboring boundary points are also employed. As a result, the proposed method guarantees color signal continuity and computational efficiency, and requires less memory.
Magnetic fluid conditioning system allows 3000 ppm hardness without cooling tower scale buildup (1985)

Big Three Industries, a manufacturer of compressed and liquefied atmospheric gases, operates a large production complex in Bayport, TX which recirculates 100,000 gpm cooling water. Due to regulatory agency guidelines, high costs, and limited effectiveness of conventional chemical treatment methods, Big Three was in need of a treatment method to prevent corrosion and scaling in recirculating water cooling systems. In December 1983 a magnetic fluid conditioner (MFC) was installed in the pump discharge piping of one cooling tower at Bayport. The patented MFC is an 18'' long spool pipe fitted with uranium-based alloy magnets. The MFC has no moving parts and requires no chemicals, external power source, or maintenance. The MFC is designed so that the fluid is accelerated through a magnetic field. The high velocity of the fluid causes nucleation of the salts in the fluid. The salts are separated from the water by precipitation. During eighteen months of using the MFC, the cooling tower has concentrated in excess of 50 cycles. Conductivity is in excess of 10,000 micromhos, and total hardness (CaCO/sub 3/) is above 4000 ppm with pH stabilized between 8 and 9. However, inspections have revealed clean surfaces. The cleaner metal surfaces within the cooling watermore » system provide better heat transfer which has resulted in reduction of tower blowdown, makeup water requirements, and pumping costs. Associated savings will enable the MFC to achieve payback in two and a half years.« less
Surface analysis of polished fused-silica laser lenses by ion-scattering spectrometry (1982)

New advances in high-powered glass lasers, particularly the NOVA system, have resulted in a need for lenses having higher damage threshold values than those now available. It is currently thought that surface contaminants on the lenses are responsible for initiating part of the damage. These contaminants are apparently introduced during the final polishing stages. In this study, we used ion-scattering spectrometry (ISS) to identify contaminants arising through the use of different polishing techniques. Five lenses were studied, each having undergone different polishing procedures. The first lens was not polished after receiving it from the manfacturer (No. 381). Ion microprobe data were available for this lens, and they were compared to ISS results. The second lens had been polished with rouge, a polishing compound no longer in use (No. 796). This sample served as a further check on the ISS results. The third lens was studied as received from the manufacturer - with no handling or cleaning (No. 802). The final two lenses had both been polished using high-purity ceria, cerium oxide (No. 800 and No. 801). The difference between these two was that No. 800 was polished using a nylon lap, and No. 801 was polished using pitch as a lap. The 800-series lenses were all made from the same batch, and constituted the major part of the investigation.
The Definition of Diversity (1999)

Summary This article traces the evolvemenl of Affirmative Action to diversity and addresses the notion of protected classes. Librarians arc encouraged to make equity the goal for increasing racial and ethnic diversity in librarianship.
New Insights into Structural Disorder in Human Respiratory Syncytial Virus Phosphoprotein and Implications for Binding of Protein Partners (2016)

Phosphoprotein is the main cofactor of the viral RNA polymerase of <i>Mononegavirales</i> It is involved in multiple interactions that are essential for the polymerase function. Most prominently it positions the polymerase complex onto the nucleocapsid, but also acts as a chaperone for the nucleoprotein. <i>Mononegavirales</i> phosphoproteins lack sequence conservation, but contain all large disordered regions. We show here that N- and C-terminal intrinsically disordered regions account for 80% of the phosphoprotein of the respiratory syncytial virus. But these regions display marked dynamic heterogeneity. Whereas almost stable helices are formed C terminally to the oligomerization domain, extremely transient helices are present in the N-terminal region. They all mediate internal long-range contacts in this non-globular protein. Transient secondary elements together with fully disordered regions also provide protein binding sites recognized by the respiratory syncytial virus nucleoprotein and compatible with weak interactions required for the processivity of the polymerase.
Energy Usage and Other Comparisons Between Gasoline and Diesel Medium Duty Trucks (1977)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Fuel consumption and other operating data on comparable diesel and gasoline trucks have been compiled from the records of the Maine Department of Transportation. The trucks, from the Maine highway maintenance fleet, have a GVW of approximately 24,000 pounds.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Information on the use of other petroleum based products, such as engine oil and lubricants, and on required engine maintenance are given. In addition, fuel economies for the diesel and gasoline trucks by year during winter and summer operations are compared to enable consideration of seasonal effects.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;The data is for a four year operating period from 1972 through 1976 representing fiscal years 1973 through 1976.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;In general, the diesel trucks used approximately one-third less fuel than comparable gasoline trucks.&lt;/div&gt;
Cardiomyopathies and Myocarditis (2007)

Cardiomyopathies are diseases of the heart muscle associated with cardiac dysfunction. The World Health Organization/International Society and Federation of Cardiology task force on the definition and classification of cardiomyopathies has defined five subtypes of cardiomyopathy (1): dilated, hypertrophic, restrictive, arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia, and unclassified cardiomyopathies. The term specific cardiomyopathy is used in reference to cardiomypathies associated with specific, usually systemic, disorders. Table 1 lists echocardiographic characteristics of the major types of cardiomyopathy.
Monitoring activities of daily living using Wireless Acoustic Sensor Networks in clean and noisy conditions (2015)

This work examines the use of a Wireless Acoustic Sensor Network (WASN) for the classification of clinically relevant activities of daily living (ADL) of elderly people. The aim of this research is to automatically compile a summary report about the performed ADLs which can be easily interpreted by caregivers. In this work, the classification performance of the WASN will be evaluated in both clean and noisy conditions. Results indicate that the classification performance of the WASN is 75.3±4.3% on clean acoustic data selected from the node receiving with the highest SNR. By incorporating spatial information extracted by the WASN, the classification accuracy further increases to 78.6±1.4%. In addition, the classification performance of the WASN in noisy conditions is in absolute average 8.1% to 9.0% more accurate compared to highest obtained single microphone results.
Untersuchungen zum Existenzbereich einer BOLTZMANN‐Verteilung im Argonbogenplasma (1971)

Abstract Using as plasma source a wall stabilized argon arc working within a restricted parameter range (inner tube diameter = 7 mm, pressure = 30–120 Torr, current = 5‐20 A)) the existence of a Boltzmann equilibrium between spectral energy levels is checked by comparing measured occupation number densities of higher excited levels ( N m, exp ) with the corresponding number densities calculated under the assumption of Boltzmann equilibrium ( N m, calc ). The methods for determination of the quantities N m, exp' T g (2300–5405°K), T e (7170–9950°K) and N e (0.33 – 2.4 × 10 15 cm −3 ) needed for this comparison are described. It can be shown within the limit of experimental error that a Boltzmann equilibrium exists at least for electron densities of N e &gt; 3 · 10 14 cm −3 . The problem of energy balance of that type of arcs used in these experiments is discussed.
Size and Composition Dependent Multiple Exciton Generation Efficiency in PbS, PbSe, and PbSxSe1–x Alloyed Quantum Dots (2013)

Using ultrafast transient absorption and time-resolved photoluminescence spectroscopies, we studied multiple exciton generation (MEG) in quantum dots (QDs) consisting of either PbSe, PbS, or a PbSxSe1-x alloy for various QD diameters with corresponding bandgaps (Eg) ranging from 0.6 to 1 eV. For each QD sample, we determine the MEG efficiency, ηMEG, defined in terms of the electron-hole pair creation energy (εeh) such that ηMEG = Eg/εeh. In previous reports, we found that ηMEG is about two times greater in PbSe QDs compared to bulk PbSe, however, little could be said about the QD-size dependence of MEG. In this study, we find for both PbS and PbSxSe1-x alloyed QDs that ηMEG decreases lineally with increasing QD diameter within the strong confinement regime. When the QD radius is normalized by a material-dependent characteristic radius, defined as the radius at which the electron-hole Coulomb and confinement energies are equivalent, PbSe, PbS, and PbSxSe1-x exhibit similar MEG behaviors. Our results suggest that MEG increases with quantum confinement, and we discuss the interplay between a size-dependent MEG rate versus hot exciton cooling.
Indoor Localization Using Improved RSS-Based Lateration Methods (2009)

Location estimation is a critical step for many location-aware applications. To obtain location information, localization methods employing received signal strength (RSS) are attestative since it can reuse the existing wireless infrastructure for localization. Among the large class of localization schemes, RSS-based lateration methods have the advantage of providing closed-form solutions for mathematical analysis as compared to heuristic-based localization approaches. However, the localization accuracy of RSS-based lateration methods are significantly affected by the unpredictable setup in indoor environments. To improve the applicability of RSS-based lateration methods in indoors, we propose two approaches, regression-based and correlation-based. The regression-based approach uses linear regression to discover a better fit of signal propagation model between RSS and the distance, while the correlation-based approach utilizes the correlation among RSS in local area to obtain more accurate signal propagation. Our results using both simulation as well as real experiments demonstrate that our improved methods outperform the original RSS-based lateration methods significantly.
ChemInform Abstract: The Synthesis of α‐Azidoesters and Geminal Triazides. (2014)

Abstract Monoesters of type (I) and (III) are suitable substrates for the preparation of the α‐azidoesters, precursors of amino acids.
A customizable microscopy system for the automated quantification and characterization of multiple adherent cell types: an alternative to flow cytometry (2018)

Cell quantification assays are essential components of most biological and clinical labs. However, many currently available quantification assays, including flow cytometry and commercial cell counting systems, suffer from unique drawbacks that limit their overall efficacy. In order to address the shortcomings of traditional quantification assays, we have designed a robust, low-cost, automated optical cell cytometer that quantifies individual cells in a multiwell plate using tools readily available in most labs. Plating and subsequent quantification of various dilution series using the automated optical cytometer demonstrates the single-cell sensitivity, near-perfect R 2 accuracy, and greater than 5-log dynamic range of our system. Further, the optical cytometer is capable of obtaining absolute counts of multiple cell types in one well as part of a co-culture setup. To demonstrate this ability, we recreated an experiment that assesses the tumoricidal properties of primed macrophages on co-cultured tumor cells as a proof-of-principle test. The results of the experiment reveal that primed macrophages display enhanced cytotoxicity towards tumor cells while simultaneously losing the ability to proliferate, an example of a dynamic interplay between two cell populations that our optical cytometer is successfully able to elucidate.
Nonrandom Ectopic Protein Production by Malignant Cells: Direct Evidence in Vitro (1980)

A large number of cell lines derived from malignant human neoplasms (21 carcinomas or melanomas and 11 sarcomas or gliomas) and 18 human fibroblast lines were examined for ectopic protein production by RIA. By conservative criteria, 13 malignant lines produced ectopic CG or its ß-subunit (0.5–5.6 pmol/mg cell protein). Four of these lines produced ectopiccarcinoembryonic antigen (0.04–0.95), while none produced placental lactogen or ∞-fetoprotein (<0.10). Six malignant lines produced ectopically the common a-subunit of the glyco-protein hormones, and in 2 (ChaGo lung and Chang liver), the secretion rates (391 and 506 pmol/mg cell protein-24 h) were almost 100 times higher than that of any other ectopic protein. Eight malignant lines produced low levels of PRL (0.1–0.57), and 3 lines produced low levels of LH or its ßsubunit (0.1–0.26), but neither was secreted. In contrast, only 2 normal fibroblast lines produced CG, and 1 produced PRL-like activity. None of the malignant or fibroblast lines produced GH or FSH or its ßsubunit. Moreover, no line produced cortisol, progesterone, 17ßhydroxyprogesterone, testosterone, or aldosterone. Estrone andestradiol were found in media from 4 malignant lines (1.1–9.4 pmol/mg protein). These data suggest that ectopic protein production is 1) widely prevalent in malignant cells in culture and rare in normal fibroblast cultures, 2) nonrandom, with large amounts of certain proteins butundetectable amounts of others, and 3) underestimated by criteria of serum concentration alone, since certain lines produce low levels or do not secrete. The multiple enzymes required for stefoidogenesis are not produced together ectopically, but estrogen production by cells in media containing serum may require only a singlearomatase or desul-furylase. (J. Clin Endocrinol Metab50: 834, 1980)
Easyprep to clean the colon of pigs for experimental endoscopy (2003)

The study examines the relation between subjectively assessed adult playfulness and psychometric and self-estimated intelligence in a sample of 254 students. As expected, playfulness existed widely independently from psychometric intelligence. Correlations pointed in the direction of higher expressive playfulness and numeric intelligence and lower creative playfulness and figural intelligence. However, the size of the coefficients suggests that the results should not be over-interpreted. The same was true for self-estimates of intelligence. Those scoring lower in the total score of all self-estimates (median split) yielded higher scores in creative playfulness but those with higher self-estimates were higher in the silly-aspects of playfulness (i.e., childlike or unpredictable). Playfulness was associated with better academic performance (i.e., better grades in an exam). Also, students who described themselves as playful were more likely to do the extra reading that went beyond what was needed to pass the exam. This can be seen as first evidence of a positive relation between playfulness in adults and academic achievement. Data are interpreted within current literature and future research directions are given.
Promoting the Role of Virtual Reality in Patients with Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy (2013)

Background: Individuals with diabetic peripheral neuropathy frequently experience concomitant impaired proprioception and postural instability. Conventional exercise training has been demonstrated to be effective in improving balance but does not incorporate visual feedback targeting joint perception, which is an integral mechanism that helps compensate for impaired proprioception in diabetic peripheral neuropathy. Methods: This prospective cohort study recruited 29 participants (mean 6 SD: age, 57 6 10 years; body mass index [calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared], 26.9 6 3.1). Participants satisfying the inclusion criteria performed predefined ankle exercises through reaching tasks, with visual feedback from the ankle joint projected on a screen. Ankle motion in the mediolateral and anteroposterior directions was captured using wearable sensors attached to the participant’s shank. Improvements in postural stability were quantified by measuring center of mass sway area and the reciprocal compensatory index before and after training using validated body-worn sensor technology. Results: Findings revealed a significant reduction in center of mass sway after training (mean, 22%; P ¼ .02). A higher postural stability deficit (high body sway) at baseline was associated with higher training gains in postural balance (reduction in center of mass sway) (r ¼� 0.52, P , .05). In addition, significant improvement was observed in postural coordination between the ankle and hip joints (mean, 10.4%; P ¼ .04). Conclusions: The present research implemented a novel balance rehabilitation strategy based on virtual reality technology. The method included wearable sensors and an interactive user interface for real-time visual feedback based on ankle joint motion, similar to a video gaming environment, for compensating impaired joint proprioception. These findings support that visual feedback generated from the ankle joint coupled with motor learning may be effective in improving postural stability in patients with diabetic peripheral neuropathy. (J Am Podiatr Med Assoc 103(6): 498-507, 2013)
Switch Performance Analysis and Design Improvements (2010)

This chapter focuses on the performance analysis of some simple switch designs. From the analysis, we shall see that head-of-line (HOL) blocking as well as output contention among packets may severely limit the switch throughput. The chapter presents several fundamental switch design principles to alleviate these problems and achieve performance improvement. It analyzes the delay and throughput performance of some simple switch designs with an internally nonblocking structure. The chapter illustrates each switch design principle using specific implementations. It shows that input-buffered switch with single first-in-first-out (FIFO) queues, on the contrary, is good for its simplicity but is constrained by its low throughput of 58.6%. Output capacity expansion refers to a class of design strategies that alleviate the contention problem by allowing more than one packet to reach the same output in the same time slot. Therefore, the throughput of a switch can be much increased. Controlled Vocabulary Terms computer network performance evaluation; queueing theory; telecommunication switching; throughput