gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Vitamin B(B1) and G(B2) Content of Cotton-seed Products (1933)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTVitamin B(B1) and G(B2) Content of Cotton-seed ProductsMay L. WhitsittCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. 1933, 25, 10, 1169–1171Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1933Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1933https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie50286a027https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50286a027research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views43Altmetric-Citations5LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
In vivo actions of fibroblast growth factor-2 and insulin-like growth factor-I on oligodendrocyte development and myelination in the central nervous system (1999)

The in vivo effects of fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2) and insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) on oligodendrocytes and CNS myelination were determined in the postnatal rat anterior medullary velum (AMV) following injection of both cytokines into the cerebrospinal fluid. Either FGF-2, IGF-I, or saline were administered via the lateral ventricle, twice daily commencing at postnatal day (P) 6. At P9, AMV were immunohistochemically labeled with the Rip antibody, to enable analysis of the numbers of myelin sheaths and of promyelinating and myelinating oligodendrocytes; promyelinating oligodendrocytes are a recognisable immature phenotype which express myelin-related proteins prior to forming myelin sheaths. In parallel experiments, AMV were treated for Western blot analysis to determine relative changes in expression of the myelin proteins 2', 3'-cyclic nucleotide 3'-phosphohydrolase (CNP) and myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG), which, respectively, characterise early and late stages of myelin maturation. In FGF-2-treated AMV, the number of promyelinating oligodendrocytes increased by 87% compared to saline-injected controls. The numbers of myelinating oligodendrocytes and myelin sheaths were not decreased, but conspicuous unmyelinated gaps within fibre tracts were indications of retarded myelination following FGF-2 treatment. Western blot analysis demonstrated decreased expression of CNP and a near-total loss of MOG, confirming that FGF-2 decreased myelin maturation. In contrast, IGF-I had no effect on the number of promyelinating oligodendrocytes, but increased the numbers of myelinating oligodendrocytes and myelin sheaths by 100% and 93%, respectively. Western blot analysis showed that the amount of CNP was increased following IGF-I treatment, correlating with the greater number of oligodendrocytes, but that MOG expression was lower than in controls, suggesting that the increased number of myelin sheaths in IGF-I was not matched by increased myelin maturation. The results provide in vivo evidence that FGF-2 and IGF-I control the numbers of oligodendrocytes in the brain and, respectively, retard and promote myelination.
Simulation and experimental study of gray-tone lithography for the fabrication of arbitrarily shaped surfaces (1994)

This paper reports on a study of a methodology for fabrication of arbitrarily shaped silicon structures using technologies common to standard IC manufacturing processes. Particular emphasis is put on the design and use of halftone transmission masks for the lithography step required in the fabrication process of mechanical, optical or electronics components. The experimental investigation and the design of gray-tone masks was supported by lithography simulation. Results are presented for both, simulated gray-tone patterns as well as experimental trials.
The effect of air bridge height on the propagation characteristics of microstrip (1991)

The air bridge is often used for lowering the effective capacitance per unit length and fabricating crossovers in monolithic microwave integrated circuits (MMICs). The static and dynamic propagation characteristics of this type of transmission line are computed by utilizing the spectral domain technique. This analysis is used to demonstrate the significant changes in the propagation characteristic as a function of the height of the air bridge. The cases of air bridged lines on 100 mu m GaAs substrate and spiral inductors are examined. It is shown that the reduction in the capacitance of the air bridge lines is quite significant, leading to a considerable improvement in the self-resonant frequency of a spiral inductor used in a MMIC design.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Rodent models of neuroinflammation for Alzheimer’s disease (2015)

Alzheimer's disease remains incurable, and the failures of current disease-modifying strategies for Alzheimer's disease could be attributed to a lack of in vivo models that recapitulate the underlying etiology of late-onset Alzheimer's disease. The etiology of late-onset Alzheimer's disease is not based on mutations related to amyloid-β (Aβ) or tau production which are currently the basis of in vivo models of Alzheimer's disease. It has recently been suggested that mechanisms like chronic neuroinflammation may occur prior to amyloid-β and tau pathologies in late-onset Alzheimer's disease. The aim of this study is to analyze the characteristics of rodent models of neuroinflammation in late-onset Alzheimer's disease. Our search criteria were based on characteristics of an idealistic disease model that should recapitulate causes, symptoms, and lesions in a chronological order similar to the actual disease. Therefore, a model based on the inflammation hypothesis of late-onset Alzheimer's disease should include the following features: (i) primary chronic neuroinflammation, (ii) manifestations of memory and cognitive impairment, and (iii) late development of tau and Aβ pathologies. The following models fit the pre-defined criteria: lipopolysaccharide- and PolyI:C-induced models of immune challenge; streptozotocin-, okadaic acid-, and colchicine neurotoxin-induced neuroinflammation models, as well as interleukin-1β, anti-nerve growth factor and p25 transgenic models. Among these models, streptozotocin, PolyI:C-induced, and p25 neuroinflammation models are compatible with the inflammation hypothesis of Alzheimer's disease.
Mapping of Contact Sites Between the M3 Muscarinic Acetylcholine Receptor and Gq by Cross‐linking Approaches (2008)

How a G protein‐coupled receptor (GPCR) interacts specifically with its cognate G protein(s) remains largely unknown. Many studies have identified distinct GPCR and Gα regions that are predicted to be critically involved in productive receptor/G protein coupling. However, little is known about the specific point‐to‐point interactions between GPCRs and their cognate G proteins. To address this question, we chose to study the M3 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor, a prototypic Gq‐coupled receptor, as a model system. Cysteine (Cys) scanning mutagenesis was applied to introduce thiol groups for cross‐linking into a mutant version of the M3 receptor that lacked most endogenous Cys residues. We also generated a mutant version of Gαq lacking most native Cys residues as a template for Cys mutagenesis. The Cys‐substituted mutant M3 receptors and Gαq proteins were verified to remain functional by established biochemical techniques. Membranes were prepared from transfected COS‐7 cells co‐expressing various combinations of Cys‐substituted M3 receptor and Gαq constructs, followed by Cys‐Cys cross‐linking studies to screen for vicinal Cys pairs. Initial experiments have yielded interesting results regarding specific M3 receptor/Gαq contact sites. Further mapping of the M3 receptor/Gαq interface should provide detailed insights into the molecular basis of receptor‐G protein interactions.
Irregular Polygon Fill Using Contour Encoding (1987)

Abstract A filling algorithm for irregular polygons is described. This algorithm is oriented towards raster graphics and uses image memories as job areas. The algorithm is based on the encoding of polygon boundaries by contour following so that all topologies are successfully processed. Thus, concave or convex polygons, holed or not, including possibly duplicate points can be filled. It is quite robust and easy to implement. It uses systematic encoding without special cases. Only two bits for encoding are needed and, thereby, it is suitable for hardware implementation. This algorithm can be used in many fields such as image synthesis, 3D objects or mathematical surface displays with hidden parts.
Smart Medication Management, Current Technologies, and Future Directions (2017)

Medication non-adherence is a major healthcare challenge with irreversible consequences in terms of healthcare costs and quality of care. While recent years have seen some effort in developing sensor-based technologies to detect medication adherence and provide interventions, the community lacks a comprehensive study on the clinical utility, reliability, and effectiveness of such medication intake monitoring solutions. Furthermore, many opportunities inspired machine learning algorithms have largely remained unexplored. In an effort to highlight these knowledge gaps, in this paper, we take an interdisciplinary approach to (1) review and compare existing engineering products for medication intake monitoring; (2) discuss clinical applications where such technologies have demonstrated to be effective; (3) explore research gaps and shed light on unmet needs and future research opportunities in the area of medication management from both clinical and technology development points of view. The results of this paper may open several new avenues in the area of technology-based medication.
Engineered Biochar Production and Its Potential Benefits in a Closed-Loop Water-Reuse Agriculture System (2020)

Biochar’s potential to remove various contaminants from aqueous solutions has been widely discussed. The rapid development of engineered biochar produced using different feedstock materials via various methods for wastewater treatment in recent years urges an up-to-date review on this topic. This article centers on summarizing state-of-the-art methods for engineered biochar production and discussing the multidimensional benefits of applying biochar for water reuse and soil amendment in a closed-loop agriculture system. Based on numerous recent articles (&lt;5 years) published in journals indexed in the Web of Science, engineered biochar’s production methods, modification techniques, physicochemical properties, and performance in removing inorganic, organic, and emerging contaminants from wastewater are reviewed in this study. It is concluded that biochar-based technologies have great potential to be used for treating both point-source and diffuse-source wastewater in agricultural systems, thus decreasing water demand while improving crop yields. As biochar can be produced using crop residues and other biomass wastes, its on-farm production and subsequent applications in a closed-loop agriculture system will not only eliminate expensive transportation costs, but also create a circular flow of materials and energy that promotes additional environmental and economic benefits.
Comparison of Seven Psychometric Instruments Used for Evaluation of Treatment Effect in Alzheimer's Dementia (1990)

Standards of assessment of treatment effect in Alzheimer's disease have been wanting. We report here a comparison of seven methods of assessment of the severity of Alzheimer's disease used in demented subjects (n = 18) and in nondemented controls (n = 18). The instruments tested were the Names Learning test, the Orientation test, the Mini-Mental State Examination, the Alzheimer's Staging Scale (the AZSS), the Global Deterioration Scale, the Clinical Dementia Rating Scale, and the Alzheimer's Deficit Scale (ADS). Two examiners did the testing per telephone methodology, and test/retest design. Results showed all tests to be reliable. A ceiling and/or basement effect was noted in all but the AZSS and the ADS.
Alternative black coatings prepared on aluminium alloy 1050 (2018)

The present study investigated the preparation and characterisation of alternative black anodic films on aluminium alloy 1050 using three different inorganic colouring processes. The colouring process was performed via the standard chemical reaction and two alternative mechanisms, i.e. electrochemical reaction or a combination of electrochemical and chemical reactions. Black anodic films with high thermo-optical properties ( α s ≥ 0.90 and ε n ≥ 0.90) were successfully obtained using all three processes. Differences in chemical content and location of the Co-based pigments in the coatings were highlighted and explained according to the colouring reaction mechanisms.
Bempedoic Acid for Primary Prevention of Cardiovascular Events in Statin-Intolerant Patients (2023)

ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02993406.
Application of Octonions in the Cough Sounds Classification (2017)

Artificial neural networks (ANN) have become the standard for computer classification of various digital patterns. However, the training process of ANN can be time consuming and there are several problems that need to addressed, such as local minima. Octonionic neural networks represent computational models with input, output and weights expressed in the form of 8-dimensional numbers. Octonion multiplication has several special properties, including non-commutativity and non-associativity. We assume that the mentioned special properties are useful in the process of modeling the time dependency of sequence of successive parameters in a time stream with direct implementation of octonion multiplication. Based on this assumption we propose new activation functions “ReLU” and “majority base” for octonionic neurons.
Multi-Representation Fusion Network for Multi-Turn Response Selection in Retrieval-Based Chatbots (2019)

We consider context-response matching with multiple types of representations for multi-turn response selection in retrieval-based chatbots. The representations encode semantics of contexts and responses on words, n-grams, and sub-sequences of utterances, and capture both short-term and long-term dependencies among words. With such a number of representations in hand, we study how to fuse them in a deep neural architecture for matching and how each of them contributes to matching. To this end, we propose a multi-representation fusion network where the representations can be fused into matching at an early stage, at an intermediate stage, or at the last stage. We empirically compare different representations and fusing strategies on two benchmark data sets. Evaluation results indicate that late fusion is always better than early fusion, and by fusing the representations at the last stage, our model significantly outperforms the existing methods, and achieves new state-of-the-art performance on both data sets. Through a thorough ablation study, we demonstrate the effect of each representation to matching, which sheds light on how to select them in practical systems.
15.5 A 100Gbps Fault-Injection Attack Resistant AES-256 Engine with 99.1-to-99.99% Error Coverage in Intel 4 CMOS (2023)

Fault-injection (FI) attacks exploit corrupted ciphertexts from cryptographic engines to extract secret keys. A single fault injected into the penultimate AES round using directed laser pulses or voltage/clock glitches corrupts 4 output bytes (Fig. 15.5.1), reducing key search space to a single guess with differential fault analysis (DFA) on 8 exploitable ciphertexts. FI countermeasures using redundant concurrent/time-interleaved computations incur 2x area/performance overheads [1], [3]. Conventional linear parity checkers [2] provide insufficient fault coverage due to the non-linear characteristics of Sbox inverse operations. FI detection-based countermeasures, employing source-specific detectors such as substrate-current sensors [4] for laser attacks and frequency-locked loops [5] to detect clock glitches, respectively are ineffective against generic FI attacks. In this paper, we present a source-agnostic FI-attack resistant AES-256 accelerator with <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$111\times$</tex> and <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$10,000\times$</tex> improvement in minimum-time-to-disclose (MTD) against laser and undervoltage attacks, respectively compared to an unprotected AES engine. Arithmetic and parity-based checker circuits coupled with inverse and affine logic optimizations and byte-interleaved register placement enable 99.1% fault coverage against laser raster/box-scan injections (Fig. 15.5.1). Fine-grained placement of an all-digital laser detection circuit (LDC) within the AES core provides <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$13,400\times$</tex> higher margin for raster-scan laser pulse detections. Undervoltage attacks on FI-resistant AES show a measured 99.99% fault detection coverage and a <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$40\text{mV}$</tex> positive slack in checker datapath to capture undervoltage faults.
Ionic Strength Differentially Affects the Bioavailability of Neutral and Negatively Charged Inorganic Hg Complexes (2017)

Mercury (Hg) bioavailability to bacteria in marine systems is the first step toward its bioamplification in food webs. These systems exhibit high salinity and ionic strength that will both alter Hg speciation and properties of the bacteria cell walls. The role of Hg speciation on Hg bioavailability in marine systems has not been teased apart from that of ionic strength on cell wall properties, however. We developed and optimized a whole-cell Hg bioreporter capable of functioning under aerobic and anaerobic conditions and exhibiting no physiological limitations of signal production to changes in ionic strength. We show that ionic strength controls the bioavailability of Hg species, regardless of their charge, possibly by altering properties of the bacterial cell wall. The unexpected anaerobic bioavailability of negatively charged halocomplexes may help explain Hg methylation in marine systems such as the oxygen-deficient zone in the oceanic water column, sea ice or polar snow.
Innate lymphoid cells are critical regulators of host-microbiota interactions and intestinal homeostasis (P3152) (2013)

Abstract Mammals are colonized with trillions of commensal bacteria that are essential for normal intestinal physiology and immune cell development. However, dysregulated host-microbiota interactions have been causally linked with the pathogenesis and progression of numerous chronic infectious, inflammatory and metabolic diseases, such as HIV, cancer, obesity, viral hepatitis and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are an emerging family of immune cells that have recently been identified to play critical roles in regulation of immunity, inflammation and homeostasis in the intestine of mice and furthermore alterations in ILC populations have been observed in several chronic human diseases. However, whether ILCs are involved in the regulation of host-microbiota interactions is poorly understood. Here we show that ILCs are critical regulators of host immune responses to the microbiota through several distinct pathways. Surprisingly, abrogation of ILCs or their effector pathways resulted in pathologic host adaptive immune cell responses to resident intestinal microbiota and induction of spontaneous inflammation in the intestine and peripheral tissues. Collectively, these results identify an essential role for ILCs in regulating interactions between the mammalian adaptive immune system and commensal microbiota that dictate the state of intestinal health, and may represent a novel therapeutic target in chronic human disease.
Microbial reduction of the side-chain carbonyl of daunorubicin and N-acetyldaunorubicin. (1977)

Microorganisms reduced the side-chain carbonyl of daunorubicin to yield 13-dihydrodaunorubicin (daunorubicinol; daunomycinol). This microbial transformation occurred under aerobic conditions in agitated baffled shake flasks incubated at 37 degrees C. The microorganisms were first grown in a medium which supported dense growth. Daunorubicin-HCl was then added. Following a period of incubation, broths were adjusted to pH 10.0 and extracted with chloroform. Daunorubicinol was recovered and purified from the chloroform extracts by preparative TLC. Identity of the daunorubicinol was established by TLC and spectroscopy (UV-vis, IR, NMR, MS, CD and ORD). N-Acetyldaunorubicin was likewise reduced microbially to N-acetyldaunorubicinol. N-Acetyldaunorubicinol appears to be a new compound which is yet to be tested for antitumor activity.
A sampling decision system for semiconductor manufacturing - relying on virtual metrology and actual measurements (2014)

In semiconductor manufacturing, optimization of the sampling measurement plan through production steps is key to maximize productive performances. The measurement plan must guarantee high quality and compliance to wafer specifications limits. In this article, the relationships between virtual metrology (VM) and actual measurements are investigated with respect to a sampling decision system (SDS); specifically, a multilevel VM strategy is relied on to provide predictive information. Such virtual measurements serve as input for the sampling decision system, which in turn suggests the optimal measurement strategy. Two approaches relying on decision-theoretical concepts are discussed: the expected value of measurement information (EVofMI) and a two stage sampling decision model. The basic assumption of the SDS-VM system is that it is not necessary to perform a real measurement until it is strictly needed. The two methodologies are then validated relying on simulation studies and actual chemical vapor deposition (CVD) process and measurement data. The ability of the proposed system to sample dynamically the wafer measurements in dependence of the calculated risk is then evaluated and discussed.
Plasmon-plasmon scattering in two-dimensional electron channel of a terahertz nanotransistor (2008)

We calculate the terahertz absorption spectrum of the high-electron-mobility transistor with a short gate and long ungated channel regions and show that the main contribution to the linewidth of the gated plasmon resonance can be attributed to the plasmon-plasmon inter-mode scattering. The results allow to interpret recent experimental results of resonant THz detection by InGaAs nanotransistors. The physics of the plasmon-plasmon inter-mode scattering is discussed compared to the other possible plasmon damping mechanisms.