gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Data Mining of Structure-Activity Data Through Genetic Algorithm and Counter Propagation Neural Network (2002)

バックプロパゲーションニューラルネットワーク(BNN: Back Propagation Neural Network)やカウンタープロパゲーションニューラルネットワーク(CNN: Counter Propagation Neural Network)を含む学習型ニューラルネットワークは、非線形データの解析に有効な手法であるが、変数が多い場合、未知化合物の活性予測が十分でない。また、モデルの解釈が難しくなり、活性化合物のデザインが難しい。したがって、モデルに寄与しない変数を効率よく除くことができれば、解釈が明瞭でかつ予測能力が高いモデルを得ることができる。膨大な変数組み合わせから有意な組み合わせを求める手法として、遺伝的アルゴリズム(GA: Genetic Algorithm)が開発され、これまで種々の構造活性データに応用されている。先の論文で、非線形関係をモデリングできるCNNと最適変数組み合わせを探索できるGAをリンクすることに成功し、フェニルアルキルアミンの幻覚作用データに適用した。本研究では、変数の数をさらに大きくしたステロイドデータに応用し、手法の有用性を調べた。まず、線形手法である部分最小２乗法(PLS: Partial Least Squares)を適用し、PLSにより十分モデリングできないことから、この構造―活性データが非線形データであることを示した。次に、全51変数でCNNモデルを構築し予測セットの活性値を予測したところ、実測値と大きくかけ離れた。次に、GAで変数選択をしたところ、変数は11変数まで減らすことができ、全変数を使った場合と比べて予測能力は飛躍的に向上した。最後に、選択された11変数の重みベクトルと活性の重みベクトルを色づけした２次元マップで比較することにより、各変数値の増減と活性との関係を視覚的に理解することができた。
Model-based, closed-loop control of PZT creep for cavity ring-down spectroscopy (2014)

Cavity ring-down spectrometers typically employ a PZT stack to modulate the cavity transmission spectrum. While PZTs ease instrument complexity and aid measurement sensitivity, PZT hysteresis hinders the implementation of cavity-length-stabilized, data-acquisition routines. Once the cavity length is stabilized, the cavity's free spectral range imparts extreme linearity and precision to the measured spectrum's wavelength axis. Methods such as frequency-stabilized cavity ring-down spectroscopy have successfully mitigated PZT hysteresis, but their complexity limits commercial applications. Described herein is a single-laser, model-based, closed-loop method for cavity length control.
Impact of resident participation on morbidity and mortality in neurosurgical procedures: an analysis of 16,098 patients (2015)

Cases with resident participation had higher rates of mortality and morbidity; however, these cases also involved patients with more comorbidities initially. On multivariate analysis, resident participation was not an independent risk factor for postoperative 30-day morbidity or mortality following elective or emergent neurosurgical procedures.
Study of the Effect of Boron Carbide Content in Concrete as Radiation Shielding Application (2012)

Keywords: Boron carbide, concrete, shielding, neutron, attenuation. Abstract. Boron carbide (B4C) is a ceramic material which is effectively absorb thermal neutron due to wide neutron absorption cross section. In this work, B4C is added into concrete as fine aggregates to test the attenuation properties by getting the attenuation coefficient of the concrete/ B4C. The samples of concrete/ B4C were exposing to the thermal neutron radiation source (241-Americium-Berylium) at the dose rate of 29.08 mR/h. The result show that the attenuation coefficient of the sample with 20wt% B4C is 0.299 cm-1 and the sample without B4C is 0.238 cm-1 and hence, concrete/ B4C is suitable as a shielded for thermal neutron radiation.
Building Addressable Libraries: Site-Selective Suzuki Reactions on Microelectrode Arrays (2009)

A site-selective Suzuki reaction has been developed for use on microelectrode arrays. The reaction conditions employed are similar to those used to achieve site-selective Heck reactions. The reaction can be run with either an aryliodide attached to the surface of the array and an arylboronic acid in solution or with an arylboronic acid attached to the surface of the array and an arylbromide in solution. Both allyl acetate and air are effective confining agents for the reaction. The reactions are compatible with arrays containing either 1024 microelectrodes cm(-2) or 12,544 microelectrodes cm(-2).
Giving Credit Where Credit Is Due: Properly Citing Relevant Prior Art (2021)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEEditorialNEXTGiving Credit Where Credit Is Due: Properly Citing Relevant Prior ArtCraig W. Lindsley*Craig W. Lindsley*Email: [email protected]More by Craig W. Lindsleyhttp://orcid.org/0000-0003-0168-1445, Jacob M. Hooker*Jacob M. Hooker*Email: [email protected]More by Jacob M. Hookerhttp://orcid.org/0000-0002-9394-7708, and Dennis C. Liotta*Dennis C. Liotta*Email: [email protected]More by Dennis C. Liottahttp://orcid.org/0000-0002-7736-7113Cite this: ACS Chem. Neurosci. 2021, 12, 9, 1465Publication Date (Web):April 26, 2021Publication History Published online26 April 2021Published inissue 5 May 2021https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acschemneuro.1c00208https://doi.org/10.1021/acschemneuro.1c00208editorialACS PublicationsCopyright © Published 2021 by American Chemical Society. This publication is available under these Terms of Use. Request reuse permissions This publication is free to access through this site. Learn MoreArticle Views761Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail PDF (549 KB) Get e-AlertscloseSUBJECTS:Chemical neuroscience,Drug discovery,Ligands,Medicinal chemistry,Pharmaceutics Get e-Alerts
β-Fluorofentanyls are pH-Sensitive Mu Opioid Receptor Agonists (2019)

The concept recently postulated by Stein and coworkers (Science 2017, 355, 966) that mu opioid receptor (MOR) agonists possessing amines with attenuated basicity show pH-dependent activity and can selectively act at damaged, low pH tissues has been additionally supported by in vitro studies reported here. We synthesized and tested analogs of fentanyl possessing one or two fluorine atoms at the beta position of the phenethylamine side chain, with additional fluorines optionally added to the benzene ring of the side chain. These compounds were synthesized in 1 to 3 steps from commercial building blocks. The novel bis-fluorinated analog RR-49 showed superior pH sensitivity, with full efficacy relative to DAMGO, but with 19-fold higher potency (EC&lt;sub&gt;50&lt;/sub&gt;) in a MOR cAMP assay at pH 6.5 versus 7.4. Such compounds hold significant promise as analgesics for inflammatory pain with reduced abuse potential.
A simple method for extracting the natural beauty of hair (1992)

article Free Access Share on A simple method for extracting the natural beauty of hair Authors: Ken-ichi Anjyo Hitachi Research Lntmratory, 4026 Kuji, Hitachi, Ibaraki 319-12, Systems Engineering Division, IIitachi, Ltd., 4-6, Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda Tokyo 101 Hitachi Research Lntmratory, 4026 Kuji, Hitachi, Ibaraki 319-12, Systems Engineering Division, IIitachi, Ltd., 4-6, Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda Tokyo 101View Profile , Yoshiaki Usami Hitachi Research Lntmratory, 4026 Kuji, Hitachi, Ibaraki 319-12 Hitachi Research Lntmratory, 4026 Kuji, Hitachi, Ibaraki 319-12View Profile , Tsuneya Kurihara Hitachi Central Resenrch LAmratory, 1-280 Higashi-Koigakubo, Kokubunji, Tokyo 185 Hitachi Central Resenrch LAmratory, 1-280 Higashi-Koigakubo, Kokubunji, Tokyo 185View Profile Authors Info & Claims ACM SIGGRAPH Computer GraphicsVolume 26Issue 2July 1992 pp 111–120https://doi.org/10.1145/142920.134021Published:01 July 1992Publication History 139citation2,443DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations139Total Downloads2,443Last 12 Months159Last 6 weeks23 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteeReaderPDF
Rhinovirus-induced lower respiratory illness is increased in asthma and related to virus load and Th1/2 cytokine and IL-10 production (2008)

Acute exacerbations are the major cause of asthma morbidity, mortality, and health-care costs and are difficult to treat and prevent. The majority of asthma exacerbations are associated with rhinovirus (RV) infection, but evidence supporting a causal relationship is weak and mechanisms are poorly understood. We hypothesized that in asthmatic, but not normal, subjects RV infection would induce clinical, physiologic, and pathologic lower airway responses typical of an asthma exacerbation and that these changes would be related to virus replication and impaired T helper 1 (Th1)/IL-10 or augmented Th2 immune responses. We investigated physiologic, virologic, and immunopathologic responses to experimental RV infection in blood, induced sputum, and bronchial lavage in 10 asthmatic and 15 normal volunteers. RV infection induced significantly greater lower respiratory symptoms and lung function impairment and increases in bronchial hyperreactivity and eosinophilic lower airway inflammation in asthmatic compared with normal subjects. In asthmatic, but not normal, subjects virus load was significantly related to lower respiratory symptoms, bronchial hyperreactivity, and reductions in blood total and CD8(+) lymphocytes; lung function impairment was significantly related to neutrophilic and eosinophilic lower airway inflammation. The same virologic and clinical outcomes were strongly related to deficient IFN-gamma and IL-10 responses and to augmented IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13 responses. This study demonstrates increased RV-induced clinical illness severity in asthmatic compared with normal subjects, provides evidence of strong relationships between virus load, lower airway virus-induced inflammation and asthma exacerbation severity, and indicates augmented Th2 or impaired Th1 or IL-10 immunity are likely important mechanisms.
Kinematic analysis of the top position during baseball pitching. (2002)

Baseball pitching involves a complicated and rapid movement that has been investigated to prevent injuries and to improve the pitching performance. It is difficult to assess the pitching motion with high accuracy and a high sampling rate, due to the limitations of preexistent camera systems. The current camera system, however, has enough capacity to measure pitching motions with high accuracy and a high sampling rate.We have been diagnosing shoulder joint injuries caused by pitching. The patients (N = 939) felt pain during the pitching sequence as follows: top position (32.5%), maximum external rotation (27.2%), and ball release (14.5%). Hence the top position is one of the most important postures to investigate the mechanisms of shoulder joint injury in pitchers. There have been no studies that focused on the top position, however.The main purpose of this study was to develop a system to assess the pitching motion accurately. Another purpose was to estimate the instant of the top position and evaluate the kinematics of the shoulder and elbow joints.Pitching movement was assessed using a motion capture system (ProReflex MCU500, Qualisys Inc., Sweden) in a studio that has an official pitcher’s mound and home base. This system can record the positions of reflective markers at 500 Hz using seven CCD cameras. Thirty-two markers were mounted on the joints and body landmarks of each subject. Two markers were mounted on the ball. The pitching motions of eleven subjects were assessed, after a period for warm up. Kinematics parameters were calculated using three-axis gyroscopic Euler angle.The instant of the top position was observed for all subjects before the lead foot touched the ground. The interval from the top position to ball release was 0.242 ± 0.0438 [s] (n = 11). The subjects were divided into two groups by the type of posture at the instant of the top position, as follows: internal rotation group (n = 5), 11.8 ± 6.08 degrees, and external rotation group (n = 6), 38.1 ± 19.97. Other kinematics parameters at the top position were adduction of the shoulder at 74.2 ± 19.84 degrees, horizontal adduction of the shoulder at 37.3 ± 14.10 degrees, and extension of the elbow at 92.1 ± 21.63 degrees. The timing and posture of the estimated top position were almost the same as those of the conventional top position.From the top position to lead foot contact on the pitching sequence, there were three patterns of elbow leading. The three patterns did not depend upon experience. We interpreted them as individual variations.
Asymmetric Synthesis of (+)-Morphine. The Phenanthrene Route Revisited (1997)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTAsymmetric Synthesis of (+)-Morphine. The Phenanthrene Route RevisitedJames D. White, Peter Hrnciar, and Frank StappenbeckView Author Information Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331-4003Cite this: J. Org. Chem. 1997, 62, 16, 5250–5251Publication Date (Web):August 8, 1997Publication History Received19 June 1997Published online8 August 1997Published inissue 1 August 1997https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo9710994https://doi.org/10.1021/jo9710994rapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 1997 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2551Altmetric-Citations59LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Enantioselective synthesis,Enones,Ketones Get e-Alerts
A High-Granularity Digital Tracking Calorimeter Optimized for Proton CT (2020)

A typical proton CT (pCT) detector comprises a tracking system, used to measure the proton position before and after the imaged object, and an energy/range detector to measure the residual proton range after crossing the object. The Bergen pCT collaboration was established to design and build a prototype pCT scanner with a high granularity digital tracking calorimeter (DTC) used as both tracking and energy/range detector. In this work the conceptual design and the layout of the mechanical and electronics implementation, along with a Monte Carlo (MC) simulation of the new pCT system are reported. The DTC is a multilayer structure with a lateral aperture of 27 cm × 15 cm, made of 41 detector/absorber sandwich layers (calorimeter), with aluminum (3.5 mm) used both as absorber and carrier, and 2 additional layers used as tracking system (rear trackers) positioned downstream of the imaged object; no tracking upstream the object is included. The rear tracker’s structure only differs from the calorimeter layers for the carrier made of ~200 μm carbon fleece and carbon paper (carbon-Epoxy sandwich), to minimize scattering. Each sensitive layer consists of 108 ALPIDE chip sensors (developed for ALICE, CERN) bonded on a polyimide flex and subsequently bonded to a larger flexible printed circuit board. Beam tests tailored to the pCT operation have been performed using high-energetic (50–220 MeV/u) proton and ion beams at the Heidelberg Ion-Beam Therapy Center (HIT) in Germany. These tests proved the ALPIDE response independent of occupancy and proportional to the particle energy deposition, making the distinction of different ion tracks possible. The read-out electronics is able to handle enough data to acquire a single 2D image in few seconds making the system fast enough to be used in a clinical environment. For the reconstructed images in the modeled MC simulation, the water equivalent path length error is lower than 2 mm, and the relative stopping power accuracy is better than 0.4%. Thanks to its ability to detect different types of radiation and its specific design, the pCT scanner can be employed for additional online applications during the treatment, such as in-situ proton range verification.
Recombinant granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor restores deficient immune responses in mice with chronic Trypanosoma cruzi infections. (1990)

Spleen cells from mice with chronic Trypanosoma cruzi infection generate a minimal plaque-forming response to SRBC in vitro. Addition of granulocyte-macrophage (GM)-CSF to cultures of spleen cells from chronically infected mice restored the plaque-forming cells (PFC) response to normal levels. Splenic adherent cells from chronically infected mice were deficient in their ability to reconstitute the PFC response of accessory cell-depleted normal spleen cells. Preincubation of splenic adherent cells from infected mice with GM-CSF restored their ability to reconstitute the PFC response of adherent cell depleted cultures. Ia Ag expression by splenic adherent cells from chronically infected mice was significantly lower compared to Ia Ag expression of cells from normal mice. Incubation of splenic adherent cells from chronically infected mice for 48 h with GM-CSF increased levels of Ia Ag expression to approximately those of uninfected mice. Peritoneal macrophages from infected mice produced IL-1 after incubation with GM-CSF at levels equivalent to those produced by similarly treated control macrophages. Spleen cells from chronically infected mice showed significant induction of IL-2 mRNA after GM-CSF treatment, and the addition of the anti-IL-2 mAb to GM-CSF supplemented cultures of spleen cells from infected mice blocked the restoration of the anti-SRBC PFC response. Thus, the ability of GM-CSF to restore the anti-PFC response to SRBC appears to involve the up-regulation of accessory cell function that includes increased Ia Ag expression and the induction of IL-1 production. These events also involve increased IL-2 production with resultant up-regulation of the response to SRBC by spleen cells from infected mice. Finally, it was shown that treatment of infected mice with rGM-CSF completely restored their depressed PFC production in vivo.
Switchable Temporal Propagation Network (2018)

Videos contain highly redundant information between frames. Such redundancy has been extensively studied in video compression and encoding, but is less explored for more advanced video processing. In this paper, we propose a learnable unified framework for propagating a variety of visual properties of video images, including but not limited to color, high dynamic range (HDR), and segmentation information, where the properties are available for only a few key-frames. Our approach is based on a temporal propagation network (TPN), which models the transition-related affinity between a pair of frames in a purely data-driven manner. We theoretically prove two essential factors for TPN: (a) by regularizing the global transformation matrix as orthogonal, the "style energy" of the property can be well preserved during propagation; (b) such regularization can be achieved by the proposed switchable TPN with bi-directional training on pairs of frames. We apply the switchable TPN to three tasks: colorizing a gray-scale video based on a few color key-frames, generating an HDR video from a low dynamic range (LDR) video and a few HDR frames, and propagating a segmentation mask from the first frame in videos. Experimental results show that our approach is significantly more accurate and efficient than the state-of-the-art methods.
Sustainable TV Distribution by Delivering Universal DVB-I TV Services (2023)

TV consumption patterns and delivery methods have been subject to major changes in the last decades. It has led to two heterogeneous ecosystems with, on one side the traditional broadcast making use of MPEG-TS applications, and, on the other one, streaming applications over the broadband internet, addressing enriched use cases such as customization and VoD. To reach their fragmented audience across a plurality of access networks, devices and usages, service providers and operators have to decline their services into many technically heterogeneous flavors. In parallel, the growing awareness of the streaming industry's impact on the climate has become a strong incentive to streamline the entire TV service delivery ecosystem. [1] proposed an end to end sustainable solution based on DVB-I addressing OTT, IPTV, and 5G mobile networks. DVB-I [2] is an emerging standard developed by DVB to harmonize discovery and consumption of TV services over the multiplicity of access networks. As a discovery mechanism, DVB-I can help prioritize the selection of network and service flavors based on energy savings criteria. This paper considers the set of key features from [1] aimed at reducing power consumption for video streaming, covering codec, packaging and transport aspects.
Outcrop-based reservoir characterization: A composite phylloid-algal mound, western Orogrande basin (New Mexico) (2002)

Algal mounds of the western Orogrande basin present an excellent opportunity for studying reservoir behavior because these mounds are superbly exposed and of reservoir scale. Upper Paleozoic algal bioherms form significant reservoirs both domestically and internationally but are difficult to exploit owing to characteristically pronounced facies and diagenetic heterogeneity. Establishing predictive relationships between petrophysical properties and stratigraphy is key to enhancing exploitation success in these systems. This article focuses on a well-exposed, reservoir-scale algal mound complex of the western Orogrande basin (New Mexico) to construct an outcrop-based reservoir model for this and analogous systems. An accurate sequence stratigraphic framework is key for meaningful modeling but is difficult to establish in the subsurface. The studied mound consists of multiple high-frequency sequences with elevated porosity and dolomitization proximal to sequence boundaries, particularly in mound-flank positions. The porosity model indicates that the mound flanks may form a stratified reservoir, whereas the mound core is tight and, therefore, acts as a lateral seal. Early marine cement occluded primary porosity in outcrop mound-core facies. Forward seismic modeling shows that the internal stratigraphic architecture of the mound complex is below conventional seismic resolution. Rock-physics measurements on 20 outcrop samples, however, demonstrate a relationship between dolomite content and the ratio of compressional-wave to shear-wave velocities at in-situ conditions. For a given dolomite percentage, seismic impedance decreases as porosity increases. Accordingly, surface seismic data could potentially be used to estimate gross reservoir properties.