gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Review of Solid Electrolyte Interphases on Lithium Metal Anode (2015)

Lithium metal batteries (LMBs) are among the most promising candidates of high-energy-density devices for advanced energy storage. However, the growth of dendrites greatly hinders the practical applications of LMBs in portable electronics and electric vehicles. Constructing stable and efficient solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) is among the most effective strategies to inhibit the dendrite growth and thus to achieve a superior cycling performance. In this review, the mechanisms of SEI formation and models of SEI structure are briefly summarized. The analysis methods to probe the surface chemistry, surface morphology, electrochemical property, dynamic characteristics of SEI layer are emphasized. The critical factors affecting the SEI formation, such as electrolyte component, temperature, current density, are comprehensively debated. The efficient methods to modify SEI layer with the introduction of new electrolyte system and additives, ex-situ-formed protective layer, as well as electrode design, are summarized. Although these works afford new insights into SEI research, robust and precise routes for SEI modification with well-designed structure, as well as understanding of the connection between structure and electrochemical performance, is still inadequate. A multidisciplinary approach is highly required to enable the formation of robust SEI for highly efficient energy storage systems.
The effect of load variations on on-wafer lumped element based calibrations (2000)

We present a study of DC and RF measured variations in the resistance of loads that are to be used for on-wafer calibrations on GaAs substrates. The impact on measurement-based calibration definitions, and the calibration errors arising from neglecting the variations will be explored. Promising solutions for accommodating the variations into accurate on-wafer calibration strategies are advanced based on the use of the dc resistance of the load standard to aid in the calibration standard definition process.
Sulphur‐doped carbon dots as a highly efficient nano‐photodynamic agent against oral squamous cell carcinoma (2020)

These data from the in vitro study demonstrated the promising safety profile of the low dose (nmol/L) S-CDs, which indicated the novel S-CDs could be used as a promising photodynamic agent for oral cancer therapy.
Phosphorylation of ribosomal protein L30 after herpes simplex virus type 1 infection (1995)

In addition to an irreversible stimulation of S6 ribosomal protein phosphorylation, there is a modification of a subset of ribosomal proteins by phosphorylation after herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) infection. Moreover, in the course of this infection, three additional phosphorylated proteins can be extracted from ribosomes and separated by two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE) of total ribosomal proteins. One of them exhibits an identical molecular mass to L30, while being more acidic. This protein is phosphorylated on serine residues. The kinetics of appearance of this protein in the ribosomal fraction correlated with a decrease in L30 staining, as shown by 2-DE. Determination of the N-terminal amino acid sequence of this extra phosphoprotein and of L30-derived peptides demonstrated the identity of these two proteins.
Thermal Analysis of Lithium‐Ion Batteries (1996)

A thermal analysis of lithium‐ion batteries during charge/discharge and thermal runaway has been carried out with a mathematical model. The main concern with the thermal behavior of the room temperature batteries is the possible significant temperature increase which may cause thermal runaway. The emphases of this work include the examination of the effects of battery design parameters and operating conditions on temperature rise/profile during normal battery operation and the evaluation of the possibility of the occurrence of thermal runaway due to battery abuse.
A fast-word organized tunnel-diode memory using voltage-mode selection (1961)

THE MINIMUM NUMBER of components per bit of a tunnel diode store is probably one tunnel diode, one biasing resistor, and some means for reading and writing information. The reading and writing can be accomplished by voltage selection through a rectifier diode, and the resulting circuit for one bit of the store is shown in Figure 1.
Chemical Composition and Larvicidal Activity of the Essential Oil from Leaves ofEugenia brejoensisMazine (Myrtaceae) (2015)

The essential oil obtained by hydrodistillation of leaves of Eugenia brejoensiscollected in the Caatinga domain in northeastern Brazil was analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The forty-one compounds identified in the leaf oil accounted for 89.3 % of detected components and comprised mainly sesquiterpenes (62.7 %) and oxygenated sesquiterpenes (26.6 %). The principal constituents of the oil were δ-cadinene (22.6 %), β-caryophyllene (14.4 %), α-muurolol (9.34 %), α-cadinol (8.49 %) and bicyclogermacrene (7.93 %). The larvicidal activity of the leaf oil against the yellow fever mosquito Aedes aegypti was assessed as moderate and an LC50 value of 214.7 ppm was established in bioassays with fourth instar larvae. This paper constitutes the first report of the composition and larvicidal activity of the essential oil from leaves of E. brejoensis.
An adaptive pattern recognition hardware with on-chip shift register-based partial reconfiguration (2008)

A pattern recognition system that can process a large amount of image data at high speed is required in many fields. In this paper, we propose an on-chip pattern recognition system that utilizes the reconfigurability of the FPGA. The features of the system are not only very high recognition speed but also an adaptive function. For example, when objects to be detected change appearance, recognition parameters must be changed to retain the recognition accuracy. The system can automatically adjust by executing on-chip partial reconfiguration. The system runs at 25MHz and can return a recognition result in one clock cycle, 40ns. To update the system, all processes needed for searching for the best recognition parameters, generating configuration data and reconfiguring the system are carried out within 30s.
Evidence for the involvement of multiple signalling pathways in C5a-induced actin polymerization and nucleation in human monocyte-like cells (1991)

The signal transduction mechanisms involved in complement fragment C5a-induced recruitment of actin to the cytoskeleton have been investigated using U-937 cells differentiated by exposure to dibutyryl cyclic AMP. Two parameters of cytoskeletal activation were compared: F-actin formation and nucleation of polymerization of pyrenyl-actin in whole cell lysates. The dose dependency of these responses to C5a was clearly different to that observed for [3H]inositol phosphate formation and also markedly different from that observed for the production of reactive oxygen intermediates (ROI). Further evidence to dissociate inositol lipid hydrolysis from these cytoskeletal responses was obtained by treating cells with neomycin, phorbol myristate acetate and pertussis toxin and by modulating the levels of intracellular Ca2+ using quin 2. Inhibition of [3H]inositol phosphate and ROI production was not correlated with effects on actin recruitment or nucleation. In addition, these agents had differing effects on F-actin formation and nucleation activity. The results show that the production of inositol phosphates is not required for stimulating either F-actin formation or nucleation activity and also that ligand-induced polymerization of actin depends primarily upon an increase in the availability of G-actin rather than nucleation sites. These cytoskeletal responses are apparently controlled by different signalling pathways which diverge at an early stage.
Microbiological quality of raw berries and their products: A focus on foodborne pathogens (2019)

Berry samples (n = 316; strawberries, raspberries, blackberries and blueberries) obtained from a fruit processing plant were examined regarding bacteriological quality and their potential public health risk. Three types of berry products were analysed including raw material, product from the mixing step and final product. <i>Escherichia coli</i>, <i>Salmonella</i> spp., <i>Listeria monocytogenes</i>, <i>Bacillus cereus</i>, sulphite-reducing clostridia spores and coagulase-positive staphylococci were the parameters investigated. <i>Salmonella enterica</i> serovar Braenderup and <i>L. monocytogenes</i> were isolated from one fruit sample of raw material each. Two samples harboured <i>E. coli</i> between 0.7 and 0.9 log cfu g<sup>-1</sup>, not exceeding the hygienic criteria. Coagulase-positive staphylococci were not detected in the studied samples; however, coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS) were isolated from a small proportion of samples mainly raspberries. Presumptive <i>B. cereus</i> were isolated from a relatively large proportion of the samples, raspberries and blackberries being the most contaminated fruits. The absence of pathogenic microorganisms in the final product as well as the low prevalence of presumptive <i>B. cereus</i> and CNS indicates proper implementation of good manufacturing and hygiene practices (GMPs/GHPs) by the food industry. Nevertheless, the results indicate that the raw material examined may contain pathogenic bacteria and thereby represent a risk to consumers regarding the manifestation of foodborne diseases.
Evidence for the metabolism of tumor promoter organic hydroperoxides into free radicals by human carcinoma skin keratinocytes: an ESR-spin trapping study (1989)

Humans are exposed to various peroxy and hydroperoxy compounds which are in use in the cosmetic, pharmaceutical and polymer industries and which are also generated as a result of the peroxidative metabolic conversion of certain lipids. This study was designed to determine whether the organic hydroperoxides, tert-butyl hydroperoxide, cumene hydroperoxide and tert-butyl peroxybenzoate are metabolized by human carcinoma skin keratinocytes to free radicals. Incubation of keratinocytes prepared from cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma in phosphate-buffered saline (pH 7.4) containing desferrioxamine with tert-butyl hydroperoxide, cumene hydroperoxide and tert-butyl peroxybenzoate in the presence of spin trap (3,5-dibromonitrosobenzene sulfonic acid) resulted in the generation of corresponding methyl radical adducts. Prior heating of the cells to 100 degrees C abolished the generation of radical adducts. The addition of ethanol to the reaction mixture also inhibited formation of radical adducts. These data provide the first direct evidence that human carcinoma skin cells can generate free radicals from organic hydroperoxides. Since free radicals are suggested to be involved in the cascade of events occurring during tumor promotion this metabolic capacity may be an important determinant of human cancer risk for hydroperoxides.
Four Isomers of C96 Fullerene Structurally Proven as C96Cl22 and C96Cl24 (2012)

Direct proof of the cage connectivities of four isomers of C96, the highest isolable empty fullerene, has been achieved. C96 fractions, which were isolated from fullerene soot by recycling HPLC, were chlorinated and the resulting single crystals of C96Cl22 and C96Cl24 were studied by X-ray diffraction using synchrotron radiation. D2-C96(183)Cl24 (see structure; gray C, green Cl) was obtained in two crystalline modifications. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Effect of oxygen in diamond deposition at low substrate temperatures (1990)

Thin diamond films were deposited on different substrates at temperatures below 500 °C by a microwave plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition system. The deposited films were amorphous carbon or diamond films depending on the different gas mixtures used. The addition of oxygen to the gas mixtures was found to be critical for diamond growth at low temperatures. Without oxygen, the deposited films were white soots and easily scratched off. Increasing the oxygen input improved the quality of the Raman peaks and increased the film transparency. The diamond films were also characterized by scanning electron microscopy.
Mobile Farmers: An Ethnoarchaeological Approach to Settlement Organization among the Rarámuri of Northwestern Mexico. Martha Graham Ethnoarchaeological Series 3. International Monographs in Prehistory, Ann Arbor, 1994. viii + 113 pp., figures, bibliography. $29.50 (cloth); $18.00 (paper). (1996)

Mobile Farmers: An Ethnoarchaeological Approach to Settlement Organization among the Rarámuri of Northwestern Mexico. Martha Graham Ethnoarchaeological Series 3. International Monographs in Prehistory, Ann Arbor, 1994. viii + 113 pp., figures, bibliography. 18.00 (paper). - Volume 61 Issue 3
Virtual Colonoscopy: An Overview (2006)

Virtual colonoscopy is emerging as a technique for the detection of tumor lesions in the colon. Being a patient-friendly examination, virtual colonoscopy could play an important role in colorectal cancer screening. This article reviews the current state of the art of virtual colonoscopy with future developments and issues to be resolved.
The Haemophilus influenzae Sap Transporter Mediates Bacterium-Epithelial Cell Homeostasis (2012)

Nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHI) is a commensal inhabitant of the human nasopharynx and a causative agent of otitis media and other diseases of the upper and lower human airway. During colonization within the host, NTHI must acquire essential nutrients and evade immune attack. We previously demonstrated that the NTHI Sap transporter, an inner membrane protein complex, mediates resistance to antimicrobial peptides and is required for heme homeostasis. We hypothesized that Sap transporter functions are critical for NTHI interaction with the host epithelium and establishment of colonization. Thus, we cocultured the parent or the sapA mutant on polarized epithelial cells grown at an air-liquid interface, as a physiological model of NTHI colonization, to determine the contribution of the Sap transporter to bacterium-host cell interactions. Although SapA-deficient NTHI was less adherent to epithelial cells, we observed a significant increase in invasive bacteria compared to the parent strain. Upon internalization, the sapA mutant appeared free in the cytoplasm, whereas the parent strain was primarily found in endosomes, indicating differential subcellular trafficking. Additionally, we observed reduced inflammatory cytokine production by the epithelium in response to the sapA mutant strain compared to the parental strain. Furthermore, chinchilla middle ears challenged with the sapA mutant demonstrated a decrease in disease severity compared to ears challenged with the parental strain. Collectively, our data suggest that NTHI senses host environmental cues via Sap transporter function to mediate interaction with host epithelial cells. Epithelial cell invasion and modulation of host inflammatory cytokine responses may promote NTHI colonization and access to essential nutrients.
Technique for High-Viscosity Crude Oil Demetallization in the Liaohe Oil Field (2006)

Demetallization of high-viscosity crude oil from the Liaohe oil field has been investigated by means of a SH-I electric desalting instrument. The high-viscosity crude oil which is similar to residual fractions of ordinary crude oil of both high-density and high-viscosity belongs to low-sulfur naphthenic crude oil, since it contains various metallic elements with calcium of 406.98 μg/g as the highest concentration, the rest being nickel, iron, sodium, manganese, etc. Research results demonstrate that under the proper conditions the demetallization agents MPTE, MPTF, and their mixtures could reduce the concentration of almost all metallic elements, e.g., calcium, iron, and manganese, in crude oil effectively. Moreover, the demetallization agents developed in this work are environmentally friendly because they contain no heteroatoms of P or S. Meanwhile, the important factors which may affect demetallization efficiency, such as the viscosity of the crude oil, the type and dosage of the demetallization agents, the acidity of their aqueous solution, etc., have been determined experimentally.
Pregnancy Modulates Adoptively Transferred Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis (EAE) (2008)

Pregnancy affects the clinical course of autoimmune disease such as multiple sclerosis (MS), Rheumatoid arthritis and lupus. In this study, we determined the immunoregulatory role of pregnancy on the effector phase of murine experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), a model for studying MS. We used an adoptive transfer system with myelin basic protein (MBP) peptide NAc1‐11 activated Th1 or Th17 MBP T cell receptor (TCR) transgenic (Tg) donor cells. Transfer of activated Th1 cells to recipients during mid pregnancy resulted in EAE with a delayed onset and reduced clinical severity. No significant differences in EAE were observed when Tg cells transferred into late pregnant or post partum recipients compared with virgin controls. Mice during mid pregnancy produced less Th1 cytokines (IFN‐gamma and IL‐2) but increased IL‐10. In contrast, mice during post partum produced more Th1 and Th17 cytokines. No differences were noted in Foxp3 regulatory cells or Th2 cytokine production. These results suggest that mid pregnancy provides an immunoregulatory environment that suppresses Th1‐induced EAE (Supported by NIH grant AI 43376).
Solvent-Free Synthesis of Cyclic Ethers from Dihalo Compounds in the Presence of Alumina (2002)

Facile synthesis of cyclic ethers from dihalo compounds on alumina has been accomplished in good yields. The reactions proceeded smoothly both in refluxing hexane and by microwave irradiation in the absence of solvent. In addition to being an organic-solvent-free operation, it also entails a short reaction time.
On the stalling of the Malaysian industrialization project: a reply to Narayanan (2008)

Abstract In his article for this issue of Economy and Society, Narayanan (2008 Narayanan, S. 2008. On the stalling of the Malaysian industrialization project. Economy and Society, 37(4): 595–601. [Taylor & Francis Online], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]) presents a critique of our earlier work on Malaysian industrialization (Henderson & Phillips 2007). Narayanan's objections are entirely empirical and they take the form of suggesting that had we looked at the ‘right’ data or ‘properly’ interpreted the data we provide, we would have seen that our hypothesis that Malaysia's industrialization project was ‘stalling’ was either wrong, or, if plausible, was unproven. In this response, we show that Narayanan is largely mistaken in his critique. While his contribution contains errors of interpretation, we argue that he is mistaken predominantly because he has misunderstood the methodological basis of our analysis. Specifically, he has failed to grasp our theoretical object and thus has been unable to identify the appropriate empirical terrain for assessing its significance and condition.
A Markerless High Resolution Structural Health Monitoring Framework for Smart Cities (2021)

Our paper introduces a novel structural health monitoring (SHM) framework for preexisting surveillance camera video footage towards an automated structural engineering e-governance system in a smart city. We test our framework on a sample pole structure using a high-resolution camera and an off-the-shelf phone camera. A preliminary study suggests the efficacy of using the framework in monitoring noticeable degradation and aging in large structures in periodically captured images. Our framework is dissimilar to computer vision techniques in which deformation patterns are recognized; instead, our framework is purposed as a long term observation application in which large structures in public video surveillance footage is monitored for changes that may suggest signs of aging or degradation of a structure over a long period of time. We posit that this novel framework, with emerging technology and innovation, can pave the way to combine artificial intelligence and smart structural health monitoring techniques in a widespread, unprecedented way of ensuring safe public structures in smart cities.
Miniature high frequency array transducers based on new fine grain ceramics (1994)

New fine grain ceramics have been developed for high frequency applications (i.e. 15 to 50 MHz). Modified lead titanate (MPT) and lead zirconate titanate (PZT) ceramics are prepared by either hydrothermal synthesis or hot isostatic pressing. Their fabrication is described, as well as results of microstructure analysis, which includes pore size and grain size distributions. The thickness mode piezoelectric, elastic and dielectric constants are measured and used as inputs for the design of 20 MHz linear array transducers with 32 elements of less than 100 μm width. The manufactured arrays are characterized in pulse echo operation and their centre frequency and bandwidth are compared to theoretical predictions. Finally, the radiation pattern of an element is measured and the effect of inter-element coupling is discussed. Performances are compared to those of PVDF-based transducers in view of intravascular imaging applications. The bandwidth is slightly lower but the sensitivity is much higher than those of PVDF devices. This is explained on the one hand by higher coupling coefficients and on the other by lower electrical input impedances due to higher dielectric-constants
DNA damage induced by chronic inflammation contributes to colon carcinogenesis in mice (2008)

Chronic inflammation increases cancer risk. While it is clear that cell signaling elicited by inflammatory cytokines promotes tumor development, the impact of DNA damage production resulting from inflammation-associated reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) on tumor development has not been directly tested. RONS induce DNA damage that can be recognized by alkyladenine DNA glycosylase (Aag) to initiate base excision repair. Using a mouse model of episodic inflammatory bowel disease by repeated administration of dextran sulfate sodium in the drinking water, we show that Aag-mediated DNA repair prevents colonic epithelial damage and reduces the severity of dextran sulfate sodium-induced colon tumorigenesis. Importantly, DNA base lesions expected to be induced by RONS and recognized by Aag accumulated to higher levels in Aag-deficient animals following stimulation of colonic inflammation. Finally, as a test of the generality of this effect we show that Aag-deficient animals display more severe gastric lesions that are precursors of gastric cancer after chronic infection with Helicobacter pylori. These data demonstrate that the repair of DNA lesions formed by RONS during chronic inflammation is important for protection against colon carcinogenesis.