gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Swelling deformation of bentonite mixed with inorganic materials in alkaline solution (2015)

放射性廃棄物処分施設における人工バリアに使用が検討されているNa型ベントナイトは，数万年の間に周囲のセメント系材料からの溶脱成分により変質し，膨潤性能などが低下する可能性がある。そこで本研究では，セメント系材料からの溶脱成分との反応性を有する各種無機材料（フライアッシュ，シリカフューム，炭酸ナトリウム，高炉スラグ微粉末）をそれぞれベントナイトへ事前に混合する手法を提案し，飽和水酸化カルシウム水溶液の作用下におけるベントナイトの膨潤性能の低下を抑制する効果について，膨潤変形試験を用いて検討を行った。その結果，ベントナイトに人工ポゾラン（フライアッシュやシリカフューム）または炭酸ナトリウムを少量混合した場合に，ベントナイトのアルカリ変質による膨潤性能の低下を抑制する効果が確認された。一方で高炉スラグ微粉末を混合した場合には，供試体内部まで高アルカリ溶液が浸透しない現象が確認され，計測された膨潤性能は小さな値となった。
Current status of 157-nm mask technology development (2000)

157-nm lithography has gained significant momentum and worldwide support as the post-193 nm technology. Due to higher absorption at shorter wavelength, however, there are several critical issues including materials and reticle handling at 157-nm. These key technical areas are being studied at Intel in collaboration with worldwide industrial and academic partners. In this paper, we will report the progress on 157-nm specific mask technology development.
Use of finite element analysis to assess bone strength (2005)

Assessment of areal bone mineral density (BMD) by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) is widely used to diagnose osteoporosis and assess fracture risk. However, clinical observations have highlighted the limitations of DXA with respect to both sensitivity and specificity in fracture risk predictions. From a biomechanics viewpoint, an approach that accurately represents the three-dimensional geometry and heterogeneous distribution of material properties of bone may provide improved estimates of bone strength. In this regard, there is increasing interest in the use of finite element analysis (FEA) to assess bone biomechanical behavior. In this Perspective, we describe the finite element method and review its application in bone research. We discuss the strengths and limitations of the approach, evaluate its potential for clinical assessment of fracture risk, and suggest areas of future research. Rather than provide a comprehensive review on this topic, we highlight current trends in the field and important areas of future inquiry.
Accelerating the Computation of Multi-Objectives Scheduling Solutions for Cloud Computing (2018)

This paper presents two practical Large Scale Multi-Objectives Scheduling (LSMOS) strategies, proposed for Cloud Computing environments. The goal is to address the problems of companies that manage a large cloud infrastructure with thousands of nodes, and would like to optimize the scheduling of several requests submitted online by users. In our context, requests submitted by users are configured according to multi-objectives criteria, as the number of used CPUs and the used memory size, to take an example. The novelty of our strategies is to select effectively, from a large set of nodes forming the Cloud Computing platform, a node that execute the user request such that this node has a good compromise among a large set of multi-objectives criteria. In this paper, first we show the limit, in terms of performance, of exact solutions. Second, we introduce approximate algorithms in order to deal with high dimensional problems in terms of nodes number and criteria number. The proposed two scheduling strategies are based on exact Kung multi-objectives decision algorithm and k-means clustering algorithm or LSH hashing (random projection based) algorithm. The experiments of our new strategies demonstrate the potential of our approach under different scenarios.
Terrylene in hexadecane revisited: A hole burning study (2007)

Holes burnt into the absorption spectrum of terrylene in hexadecane have quite unusual features: spectral diffusion behavior under thermal cycles shows a narrowing regime at very low temperatures (2-5 K) followed by a plateau region (up to about 13 K) and a broadening regime (T>13 K). Thermal line broadening (quasihomogeneous linewidth) shows a nonmonotonous behavior as a function of temperature: at around 4 K there is a maximum followed by a flat minimum and the onset of strong broadening at higher temperatures. Finally, the central hole shows one-sided narrowly spaced side features. This behavior is interpreted within the frame of a two-site model. One of the two sites can be well described by a standard two level system; the other, however, shows characteristic features of a multilevel system. The two sites are characterized by strongly different optical linewidths, phototransformation yields, and thermal stabilities.
1-beta-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine-diphosphate-choline is formed by the reversal of cholinephosphotransferase and not via cytidylyltransferase. (1992)

In an effort to identify the pathway leading to the formation of 1-beta-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine-diphosphate (ara-CDP)-choline from 1-beta-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine (ara-C) treatment of cultured cells, as well as of cells obtained from leukemia patients, we probed the enzymatic steps involved in the CDP-choline pathway for phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis. Ara-C-triphosphate was not a substrate for CTP:phosphocholine cytidylyltransferase activity under the conditions employed, whereas CTP and dCTP were utilized to form CDP-choline and dCDP-choline, respectively. When presented together, ara-C-triphosphate and CTP inhibited the enzymatic conversion of CTP to CDP-choline in the presence of phosphocholine, with a Ki of 6 mM. Since CTP:phosphocholine cytidylyltransferase did not appear to be responsible for the increased levels of ara-CDP-choline, we next studied the other enzyme in the pathway for phosphatidylcholine synthesis that could form ara-CDP-choline, CDP-choline:1,2-diacylglycerol cholinephosphotransferase. CDP-choline:1,2-diacylglycerol cholinephosphotransferase activity present in microsomes isolated from L5178Y murine leukemia cells exhibited a reversal of its normal catalytic activity, using CMP and 1-beta-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine-monophosphate (ara-CMP) along with phosphatidylcholine to produce either CDP-choline or ara-CDP-choline, plus diradylglycerol. The Vmax and Km values for CMP were 0.78 +/- 0.04 nmol/min/mg and 340 +/- 20 microM, respectively, whereas the Vmax and Km for ara-CMP were 0.22 +/- 0.06 nmol/min/mg and 1410 +/- 540 microM, respectively. A Ki value of 3 mM was obtained for ara-CMP under the cell-free assay conditions used. These results indicate that ara-CDP-choline most likely arises from a reversal of the CDP-choline:1,2-diacylglycerol cholinephosphotransferase utilizing ara-CMP, rather than from the catalysis of ara-C-triphosphate plus phosphocholine to ara-CDP-choline by CTP:phosphocholine cytidylyltransferase. It is speculated that this mechanism may explain, in part, the rapid cellular lysis observed with high dose ara-C therapy.
Customizing CPU Instructions for Embedded Vision Systems (2006)

This paper presents the customization of two processors: the Altera NIOS2 and the Tensilica Xtensa, for fundamental algorithms in embedded vision systems: the salient point extraction and the optical flow computation. Both can be used for image stabilization, for drones and autonomous robots. Using 16-bit floating-point instructions, the architecture optimization is done in terms of accuracy, speed and power consumption. A comparison with a PowerPC Altivec is also done.
Monocular Pedestrian Detection: Survey and Experiments (2008)

Pedestrian detection is a rapidly evolving area in computer vision with key applications in intelligent vehicles, surveillance, and advanced robotics. The objective of this paper is to provide an overview of the current state of the art from both methodological and experimental perspectives. The first part of the paper consists of a survey. We cover the main components of a pedestrian detection system and the underlying models. The second (and larger) part of the paper contains a corresponding experimental study. We consider a diverse set of state-of-the-art systems: wavelet-based AdaBoost cascade [74], HOG/linSVM [11], NN/LRF [75], and combined shape-texture detection [23]. Experiments are performed on an extensive data set captured onboard a vehicle driving through urban environment. The data set includes many thousands of training samples as well as a 27-minute test sequence involving more than 20,000 images with annotated pedestrian locations. We consider a generic evaluation setting and one specific to pedestrian detection onboard a vehicle. Results indicate a clear advantage of HOG/linSVM at higher image resolutions and lower processing speeds, and a superiority of the wavelet-based AdaBoost cascade approach at lower image resolutions and (near) real-time processing speeds. The data set (8.5 GB) is made public for benchmarking purposes.
Rings, bracelet or snaps: fashionable alternatives for Smc complexes (2005)

The mechanism of higher order chromosome organization has eluded researchers for over 100 years. A breakthrough occurred with the discovery of multi-subunit protein complexes that contain a core of two molecules from the structural maintenance of chromosome (Smc) family. Smc complexes are important structural components of chromosome organization in diverse aspects of DNA metabolism, including sister chromatid cohesion, condensation, global gene repression, DNA repair and homologous recombination. In these different processes, Smc complexes may facilitate chromosome organization by tethering together two parts of the same or different chromatin strands. The mechanism of tethering by Smc complexes remains to be elucidated, but a number of intriguing topological alternatives are suggested by the unusual structural features of Smc complexes, including their large coiled-coil domains and ATPase activities. Distinguishing between these possibilities will require innovative new approaches.
Power Transformer Fire and Explosion: Causes and Control (2017)

An increasing number of failures of power transformers over the world has led to greater interest in building up much needed expertise in electric power transformers, from its design to both preventive and prescribed maintenance. Winding failure is a frequent cause of transformer failure, bushing failure leads of fire and explosion, but it is still uncertain whether the increasing failure of transformers may be related to increasing lightning activity or increasing electric energy of the transient, surge voltages generated by lightning, especially long continuing currents&#13;\nand rate of rise of currents. But there are other important causes as well which need close attention, including wearing out of the contact points of tap changers in power generating and substation transformers, and poor maintenance of transformer oil. This paper seeks to review some of the well-known causes that lead to transformer fire and explosion, and highlights the important parts of the power transformer that need careful selection, installation, maintenance and&#13;\ncondition monitoring. Moreover the containment of fires and measures that help to prevent transformer explosions&#13;\nin case of transformer fires are also discussed.&#13;\nKeywords: Embedded systems, Smart Antenna; Adaptive Array; Artificial Neural Network.
Improving the sensitivity of an interferometric fiber optic sensor for acoustic detection in rockfalls (2014)

Optimization of an interferometric fiber optic sensor for ultrasonic acoustic detection in rockfall monitoring is addressed. The optimized sensor employs a polyimide coated fiber and improved design with an almost doubled acoustic sensitivity.
Property classification for functional verification based on CDFG (2003)

Based on the advantages of simulation and model checking with CDFG structure, classified properties are proposed and defined for simulation, CDFG matching, and model checking respectively. With ITC99 benchmarks, the designed properties are verified, and the experimental results show that different properties should be verified distinguishingly.
Anisotropic engineered heart tissue made from laser-cut decellularized myocardium (2016)

We have developed an engineered heart tissue (EHT) system that uses laser-cut sheets of decellularized myocardium as scaffolds. This material enables formation of thin muscle strips whose biomechanical characteristics are easily measured and manipulated. To create EHTs, sections of porcine myocardium were laser-cut into ribbon-like shapes, decellularized, and mounted in specialized clips for seeding and culture. Scaffolds were first tested by seeding with neonatal rat ventricular myocytes. EHTs beat synchronously by day five and exhibited robust length-dependent activation by day 21. Fiber orientation within the scaffold affected peak twitch stress, demonstrating its ability to guide cells toward physiologic contractile anisotropy. Scaffold anisotropy also made it possible to probe cellular responses to stretch as a function of fiber angle. Stretch that was aligned with the fiber direction increased expression of brain natriuretic peptide, but off-axis stretches (causing fiber shear) did not. The method also produced robust EHTs from cardiomyocytes derived from human embryonic stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSC). hiPSC-EHTs achieved maximum peak stress of 6.5 mN/mm(2) and twitch kinetics approaching reported values from adult human trabeculae. We conclude that laser-cut EHTs are a viable platform for novel mechanotransduction experiments and characterizing the biomechanical function of patient-derived cardiomyoctyes.
Hydroxyl radical reaction with melatonin molecule: A computational study (2000)

Theoretical calculations of the HO* radical reaction with the melatonin molecule were performed. Reaction pathways with C2, C3, C4, C6 and C7 as the target carbon atoms and corresponding radical adducts were studied. Low activation energies of all adducts suggest that these reactions should occur quite easily and with rather low selectivity. C2 carbon as the most probable site of attack and C3 as the least probable one are proposed.
Problems with the nested granularity of feature domains in bioinformatics: the eXtasy case (2015)

The conducted simulations clearly indicate that the heterogeneous granularity of feature domains poses significant problems for both the standard Random forest classifier and a modification that relies on stratified bootstrapping. Conversely, using the proposed sampling scheme when training the classifier mitigates the described bias. Furthermore, when applied to the eXtasy data under a realistic class distribution scenario, a Random forest learned using the proposed sampling scheme displays much better precision that its standard version, without degrading recall. Moreover, the largest performance gains are achieved in the most important part of the operating range: the top of prioritized gene list.
Forensic Analyses and Rehabilitation of a Failed Highway Embankment Slope in Texas (2021)

A comprehensive investigation was designed and conducted to identify the potential causes of failure of a highway embankment slope in Texas and evaluate the effectiveness of lime treatment to rehabilitate the failed slope. Highway slopes built with high plasticity clays often experience shallow slope failures after exposure to repeated wet–dry weathering cycles. Lime stabilization generally reduces the swell–shrink potential, enhances the engineering properties of problematic clayey soils, and can potentially prevent surficial slope failures. However, exposure to wet–dry cycles can negate some of the benefits of lime treatment and therefore a study was conducted to address the use of this lime treatment to stabilize embankment slopes. Extensive laboratory tests were conducted to study the effect of weathering cycles on the degradation of hydro-mechanical properties of untreated and lime-treated soils. Rainfall-induced slope stability analyses were performed to investigate the probable causes of slope failure and evaluate the stability of lime-treated surficial slope. The optimum stabilizer dosage and treated layer thickness required for the slope rehabilitation were determined based on laboratory tests and numerical analysis results. The stability analysis results indicate that the degradation of surficial soil’s hydro-mechanical properties and the development of a perched water table during prolonged rainfall possibly caused the slope failure. The post-treatment increase in shear strength properties, reduction in moisture fluctuations recorded by embedded moisture sensors, and the presence of newly installed underlying drains are expected to prevent recurrence of surficial slope failures. Salient results from this study are covered in this paper.
An Electrochemical Biosensor for the Real-Time Detection of Biological Specimens in Complex Matrices (2009)

Free accessAbstractFirst published online July/September 2009An Electrochemical Biosensor for the Real-Time Detection of Biological Specimens in Complex MatricesDaniele Gazzola, Manuele Onofri, […], Simone Bonetti, Giampaolo Zuccheri, and Bruno Samorì, +2 -2Volume 24, Issue 3https://doi.org/10.1177/172460080902400328
Nuclear magnetic resonance spectra of porphyrins. Part 33. Ring currents in nickel(II) hydroporphyrins derived from anhydromesorhodoporphyrin XV (1988)

The double dipole network model of the porphyrin macrocyclic ring current is used to investigate the ring currents in reduced (hydro) porphyrins derived from nickel(II) anhydromesorhodoporphyrin xv methyl ester (2). The reduction of ring D to the corresponding chlorin (3) results in a decrease of about 10% of the pyrrole ring current, and about 40% in the inner loop current. The marked effect of the nickel(II) atom on the inner loop ring current in the chlorin series is clearly identified; the inner loop ring current is about two-thirds of that previously found for the magnesium(II) and zinc(II) chlorins. Further reduction of rings A and C gives the corresponding isobacteriochlorin isomers [(4) and (5)], which show an additional decrease of the ring current, this result paralleling that found previously for the nickel(II) isobacteriochlorin from phylloerythrin. The proton chemical shifts in nickel(II) hexahydro-(6) and (7) and octahydro-porphyrins (8), in which one or two of the meso methine carbons have been reduced (and therefore interrupt the inner loop pathway), are best accounted for by the inclusion of a small inner loop ring current in one quadrant of the macrocycle (i.e. via the nickel atom), together with ring currents in the unreduced pyrrole rings.
Twelfth symposium on biotechnology for fuels and chemicals: Program and abstracts (1990)

This report is the program and abstracts of the twelfth symposium on biotechnology for fuels and chemicals, held on May 7--11, 1990, at Gatlinburg, Tennessee. The symposium, sponsored by the Department of Energy, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Solar Energy Research Institute, Badger Engineers, Inc., Gas Research Institute, and American Chemical Society, consists of five sessions: Session 1, thermal, chemical, and biological processing; Session 2 and 3, applied biological research; Session 4, bioengineering research; and Session 5, biotechnology, bioengineering, and the solution of environmental problems. It also consists of a poster session of the same five subject categories.
The reducible complexity of a mitochondrial molecular machine (2009)

Molecular machines drive essential biological processes, with the component parts of these machines each contributing a partial function or structural element. Mitochondria are organelles of eukaryotic cells, and depend for their biogenesis on a set of molecular machines for protein transport. How these molecular machines evolved is a fundamental question. Mitochondria were derived from an alpha-proteobacterial endosymbiont, and we identified in alpha-proteobacteria the component parts of a mitochondrial protein transport machine. In bacteria, the components are found in the inner membrane, topologically equivalent to the mitochondrial proteins. Although the bacterial proteins function in simple assemblies, relatively little mutation would be required to convert them to function as a protein transport machine. This analysis of protein transport provides a blueprint for the evolution of cellular machinery in general.
MICROBIOLOGICAL DEGRADATION OF (+)-CAMPHOR (1959)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMICROBIOLOGICAL DEGRADATION OF (+)-CAMPHORW. H. Bradshaw, H. E. Conrad, E. J. Corey, I. C. Gunsalus, and D. LednicerCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1959, 81, 20, 5507Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1959Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1959https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01529a060https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01529a060research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views425Altmetric-Citations124LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Mechanisms Underlying Metformin-Induced Secretion of Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 from the Intestinal L Cell (2011)

Glucagon-like peptide-1(7-36NH2) (GLP-1) is secreted by the intestinal L cell in response to both nutrient and neural stimulation, resulting in enhanced glucose-dependent insulin secretion. GLP-1 is therefore an attractive therapeutic for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. The antidiabetic drug, metformin, is known to increase circulating GLP-1 levels, although its mechanism of action is unknown. Direct effects of metformin (5-2000 μm) or another AMP kinase activator, aminoimidazole carboxamide ribonucleotide (100-1000 μm) on GLP-1 secretion were assessed in murine human NCI-H716, and rat FRIC L cells. Neither agent stimulated GLP-1 secretion in any model, despite increasing AMP kinase phosphorylation (P < 0.05-0.01). Treatment of rats with metformin (300 mg/kg, per os) or aminoimidazole carboxamide ribonucleotide (250 mg/kg, sc) increased plasma total GLP-1 over 2 h, reaching 37 ± 9 and 29 ± 9 pg/ml (P < 0.001), respectively, compared with basal (7 ± 1 pg/ml). Plasma activity of the GLP-1-degrading enzyme, dipeptidylpeptidase-IV, was not affected by metformin treatment. Pretreatment with the nonspecific muscarinic antagonist, atropine (1 mg/kg, iv), decreased metformin-induced GLP-1 secretion by 55 ± 11% (P < 0.05). Pretreatment with the muscarinic (M) 3 receptor antagonist, 1-1-dimethyl-4-diphenylacetoxypiperidinium iodide (500 μg/kg, iv), also decreased the GLP-1 area under curve, by 48 ± 8% (P < 0.05), whereas the antagonists pirenzepine (M1) and gallamine (M2) had no effect. Furthermore, chronic bilateral subdiaphragmatic vagotomy decreased basal secretion compared with sham-operated animals (7 ± 1 vs. 13 ± 1 pg/ml, P < 0.001) but did not alter the GLP-1 response to metformin. In contrast, pretreatment with the gastrin-releasing peptide antagonist, RC-3095 (100 μg/kg, sc), reduced the GLP-1 response to metformin, by 55 ± 6% (P < 0.01) at 30 min. These studies elucidate the mechanism underlying metformin-induced GLP-1 secretion and highlight the benefits of using metformin with dipeptidylpeptidase-IV inhibitors in patients with type 2 diabetes.