gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Quantifying Micromolar Crystallinity in Pharmaceutical Materials Utilizing 19F Solid-State NMR (2022)

Quantifying low-level components in solid-state analysis presents a significant challenge for most thermal, diffractometric, vibrational, and spectroscopic techniques. In pharmaceutical analysis, identifying and quantifying the physical form of the drug substance in solid dosages is a critical task to ensure the quality of drug products. For example, recrystallization of active pharmaceutical ingredients in amorphous solid dispersions can compromise the stability and bioavailability of drug products. Herein, we have developed and demonstrated fluorine-19 solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (<sup>19</sup>F ssNMR) methods and pushed the boundary to quantify minor crystalline contents in amorphous pharmaceuticals. Calibration curves suggest that <sup>19</sup>F direct polarization and <sup>1</sup>H-<sup>19</sup>F cross-polarization ssNMR can readily quantify 0.1% w/w crystalline compound I, a commercial fluorinated drug molecule developed by Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ, U.S.A., in its amorphous formulation. <sup>1</sup>H-<sup>19</sup>F multiple cross-polarization (MultiCP) has been implemented, for the first time, and compared with conventional cross-polarization methods. Most importantly, a relaxation-filtered <sup>19</sup>F ssNMR method was utilized to unambiguously identify and quantify as low as 0.04% w/w crystalline components, that is, 6 μmol in a 100 mg tablet at 25% drug loading, by suppressing the signal from the amorphous counterpart. Such a low level of detection offers high confidence and sensitivity to quantify trace amounts of phase change in pharmaceutical amorphous materials in the solid state, which can facilitate formulation development as well as quality control.
X‐linked recessive inheritance of ataxia and adult‐onset dementia (1987)

Three generations of a family exhibit a unique syndrome of X-linked ataxia, pyramidal tract signs, and adult-onset dementia. Initial signs, manifested by 2 to 3 years of age, are delayed walking and tremor. During their teens, the patients develop mild but progressive ataxia and pyramidal tract signs. Memory problems in the third decade initiate a progressive dementia, leading to death in the sixth decade. Laboratory investigations failed to disclose a biochemical basis for the syndrome. Preliminary molecular linkage studies have been conducted, and although the specific position of the responsible gene on the X chromosome has not yet been determined, the q26-qter region and much of the p arm are unlikely sites for this gene. The linkage studies are continuing.
Compact Slot Antenna With Low Dispersion for Ground Penetrating Radar Application (2015)

Highly compact slot antennas fed by coplanar waveguide were designed, fabricated, and integrated with ground penetrating radar system. The low-profile slot antenna demonstrated wide frequency bandwidth of 1.4-3.5 GHz, with over 6-dBi radiation gain and small dispersion. GPR tests in both air-coupled and ground-coupled modes with sandbox and concrete slab verified its high resolution and good penetrating capability, showing its great potential in compact under-vehicle GPR system application.
Data from Combinatorial CRISPR/Cas9 Screening Reveals Epistatic Networks of Interacting Tumor Suppressor Genes and Therapeutic Targets in Human Breast Cancer (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;The majority of cancers are driven by multiple genetic alterations, but how these changes collaborate during tumorigenesis remains largely unknown. To gain mechanistic insights into tumor-promoting genetic interactions among tumor suppressor genes (TSG), we conducted combinatorial CRISPR screening coupled with single-cell transcriptomic profiling in human mammary epithelial cells. As expected, different driver gene alterations in mammary epithelial cells influenced the repertoire of tumor suppressor alterations capable of inducing tumor formation. More surprisingly, TSG interaction networks were comprised of numerous cliques—sets of three or four genes such that each TSG within the clique showed oncogenic cooperation with all other genes in the clique. Genetic interaction profiling indicated that the predominant cooperating TSGs shared overlapping functions rather than distinct or complementary functions. Single-cell transcriptomic profiling of CRISPR double knockouts revealed that cooperating TSGs that synergized in promoting tumorigenesis and growth factor independence showed transcriptional epistasis, whereas noncooperating TSGs did not. These epistatic transcriptional changes, both buffering and synergistic, affected expression of oncogenic mediators and therapeutic targets, including CDK4, SRPK1, and DNMT1. Importantly, the epistatic expression alterations caused by dual inactivation of TSGs in this system, such as &lt;i&gt;PTEN&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;TP53&lt;/i&gt;, were also observed in patient tumors, establishing the relevance of these findings to human breast cancer. An estimated 50% of differentially expressed genes in breast cancer are controlled by epistatic interactions. Overall, our study indicates that transcriptional epistasis is a central aspect of multigenic breast cancer progression and outlines methodologies to uncover driver gene epistatic networks in other human cancers.&lt;/p&gt;Significance:&lt;p&gt;This study provides a roadmap for moving beyond discovery and development of therapeutic strategies based on single driver gene analysis to discovery based on interactions between multiple driver genes.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;a href="https://aacrjournals.org/cancerres/article/doi/10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-21-3672" target="_blank"&gt;See related commentary by Fong et al., p. 6078&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Large-Volume Radiofrequency Ablation of ex Vivo Bovine Liver with Multiple Cooled Cluster Electrodes (2005)

Three methods of creating large thermal lesions with cool-tip cluster electrodes were compared. Three cluster electrodes were arranged 4 cm apart in a triangular array. Eight lesions were created ex vivo in fresh bovine liver (from a butcher) with each method: sequential ablation (three electrodes, 12 minutes each); simultaneous activation of electrodes (12 minutes); and rapid switching of power between electrodes (12 minutes), for which an electronic computer-controlled switch was developed. For sequential, rapid switching, and simultaneous methods, lesion volumes were 137.5 cm(3)+/- 22.2, 116.4 cm(3)+/- 15.2, and 22.3 cm(3)+/- 6.4 (P < .05), respectively, and final temperatures at lesion center were 80 degrees C +/- 5, 97 degrees C +/- 8, and 41 degrees C +/- 3 (P < .001), respectively. Because of electrical interference between electrodes, simultaneous method led to little heating at the center between the electrodes and created small discontinuous lesions. Rapid switching created large round lesions by employing multiple electrodes concurrently, which substantially reduced treatment time and resulted in more effective heating between electrodes.
Optimal Node Selection for Data Regeneration in Heterogeneous Distributed Storage Systems (2015)

Distributed storage systems introduce redundancy to protect data from node failures. After a storage node fails, the lost data should be regenerated at a replacement storage node as soon as possible to maintain the same level of redundancy. Minimizing such a regeneration time is critical to the reliability of distributed storage systems. Existing work commits to reduce the regeneration time by either minimizing the regenerating traffic, or adjusting the regenerating traffic patterns, whereas nodes participating the regeneration are generally assumed to be given beforehand. However, real-world distributed storage systems usually exhibit heterogeneous link capacities, and the regeneration time is highly related to the selection of the participating nodes. In this paper, we consider the minimization of the regeneration time by selecting the participating nodes in heterogeneous networks. We propose optimal node selection algorithms respectively for two cases: 1) the newcomer is not given, 2) both the newcomer and the providers are not given. Analysis shows that the optimal regeneration time can be achieved in each case. We then consider the effect of flexible amount of data blocks from each provider on the regeneration time, and apply this observation to enhance our schemes. Experiment results show that our node selection schemes can significantly reduce the regeneration time, especially in practical networks with heterogeneous link capacities, compared with the scheme based on random node selection.
Comparison of four methods of on-line identification and controller tuning (1993)

The work compares four recently proposed on-line methods of identification and controller tuning when the extreme points of the closed-loop response are either accurately known or subject to error. It is shown that Chen&apos;s and Lee&apos;s methods are relatively robust, with Chen&apos;s method giving slightly better estimates of process ultimate data. The method of Jutan and Rodriguez gives acceptable results and Yuwana and Seborg&apos;s method is the least acceptable. The work underscores the need to use high feedback gain during identification when experimental data are poor.
Julg, A.: Crystals as Giant Molecules.G. Berthier, M. J. S. Dewar, H. Fischer, K. Fukui, H. Hartmann, H. H. Jaffé, J. Jortner, W. Kutzelnigg, K. Ruedenberg, E. Scrocco und W. Zeil (Eds.): Lecture Notes in Chemistry, Band 9. Berlin-Heidelberg-New York: Springer 1978. 135 S. DM 18,–, US-$ 9.00. (1979)

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Improving the Tribological Performances of PDA + PTFE Nanocomposite Coatings by Hot Compaction (2021)

The tribological performance of compacted and noncompacted polydopamine (PDA)+polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) nanocomposite coatings on stainless steel (SS) substrates was investigated. The compaction was accomplished using a combination of heat and pressure. The noncompacted PDA + PTFE coating had an average of 11 times longer durability compared to the pure PTFE coatings. The compaction increased the coating durability by 2.6 times while reducing the coefficient of friction (COF). Furthermore, the compaction helped to reduce the porosity of the PDA + PTFE coating by 63 times compared to the noncompacted PDA + PTFE coating. The higher durability and lower COF of the compacted PDA + PTFE coating can be attributed to the reduced coating roughness and porosity, the enhanced adhesion strength to substrates, and the higher load-carrying capacity.
The Sydney multicenter study of Parkinson's disease: The inevitability of dementia at 20 years (2008)

After 20 years follow-up of newly diagnosed patients with Parkinson's disease (PD), 100 of 136 (74%) have died. The mortality rate fell in the first 3 years of treatment, then rose compared to the general population, the standardized mortality ratio from 15 to 20 years reaching 3.1. Drug induced dyskinesia and end of dose failure were experienced by most patients, but the main current problems relate to the non-levodopa responsive features of the disease. Dementia is present in 83% of 20-year survivors. Dementia correlates with increasing age and probably reflects an interplay of multiple pathologies. Seventeen people with dementia had postmortems. Eight had diffuse Lewy bodies as the only cause of dementia, while others had mixed neuropathology. Only one person lives independently and 48% are in nursing homes. Excessive daytime sleepiness is noted in 70%, falls have occurred in 87%, freezing in 81%, fractures in 35%, symptomatic postural hypotension in 48%, urinary incontinence in 71%, moderate dysarthria in 81%, choking in 48%, and hallucinations in 74%. The challenge is to understand the cellular mechanisms underlying the diverse features of advanced PD that go far beyond a lack of dopamine.
Theory of mind in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder: psychometric properties of the Norwegian version of the Hinting Task (2019)

<b>ABSTRACT</b><b>Introduction:</b> The quality of measures used to assess theory of mind (ToM) in severe mental illness has not been sufficiently investigated. This study evaluated the psychometric properties of the Norwegian version of the Hinting Task in schizophrenia, bipolar I and II disorder and healthy controls.<b>Methods:</b> The study included 90 patients and 183 healthy controls. Internal consistency, ceiling effects, discriminatory power and concurrent and construct validity were investigated.<b>Results:</b> The Hinting Task displayed adequate levels of internal consistency for schizophrenia and bipolar I disorder. Ceiling effects emerged in all groups except the schizophrenia group. Schizophrenia patients scored significantly lower than all other groups, but no other significant group differences were detected. In the schizophrenia group, the Hinting Task's concurrent validity was substantiated by significant correlations with measures of neurocognition, symptoms and functional capacity. In the bipolar disorder groups, however, only a few significant relationships were found. Correlations between the Hinting Task and a measure of emotion recognition indicated that construct validity was higher for schizophrenia than bipolar disorder.<b>Conclusions:</b> The results suggest that the Norwegian Hinting Task is suited for use in schizophrenia research and assessment, but caution is warranted when using the test for other populations.
Some Experiments On The Perceived Size Of Laser Speckles (1989)

We nave made some investigations on the perceived size of laser speckles. It was found that the increase in the perceived size of speckles with the increase in the viewing distance, is closely relateci to the Size-Constancy effect.
Computational economy improvements in PRISM (2003)

Abstract The Piecewise Reusable Implementation of Solution Mapping (PRISM) procedure is applied to reactive flow simulations of (9‐species) H 2 + air combustion. PRISM takes the solution of the chemical kinetic ordinary differential equation system and parameterizes it with quadratic polynomials. To increase the accuracy, the parameterization is done piecewise, by dividing the multidimensional chemical composition space into hypercubes and constructing polynomials for each hypercube on demand. The polynomial coefficients are stored for subsequent repeated reuse. Initial cost of polynomial construction is expensive, but it recouped as the hypercube is reused, hence computational gain depends on the degree of hypercube reuse. We present two methods that help us to identify hypercubes that will ultimately have high reuse, this being accomplished before the expense of constructing polynomials has been incurred. One method utilizes the rate of movement of the chemical trajectory to estimate the number of steps the trajectory would make through the hypercube. The other method defers polynomial construction until a preset threshold of reuse has been met; an empirical method which, nevertheless, produces a substantial gain. The methods are tested on a 0‐D chemical mixture and reactive flow 1‐D and 2‐D simulations of selected laminar and turbulent H 2 + air flames. The computational performance of PRISM is improved by a factor of about 2 for both methods. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. * This article is a US Government work and, as such, is in the public domain of the United States of America. Int J Chem Kinet 35: 438–452, 2003
Surface analysis of an original Brånemark implant and three related clones. (1992)

Selected surface characteristics of screw-type titanium dental implants from four different manufacturers were evaluated. Considerable differences in surface and near-surface contaminants were demonstrated. The fixture treated with radiofrequency glow discharge (plasma) demonstrated the thinnest titanium oxide layer and the cleanest surface.
Design of Low-Dropout Regulato (2015)

For diminishing the standby power and boosting the effectiveness of battery life time in portable and handheld devices, power management is required. Low Dropout regulator is one of such a power management module. Proposed LDO design converts an input voltage of 1 V to tunable output voltage range of 0.5 V to 0.932 V which is implemented in 90nm technology. The designed LDO has a very less quiescent current of 0.4µA and less dropout voltage of 68mV producing a current efficiency of 99.99%.
Hollow cathode and thruster discharge chamber plasma measurements (2005)

Due to the successful performance of the NSTAR ion thruster in Deep Space 1 mission, coupled with the recently completed 30,352 hour extended life test (ELT) of the NSTAR flight spare thruster, ion thrusters have become a viable option for future NASA missions. In this paper, detailed measurements of the plasma parameters internal and external to the cathode will presented for the NSTAR cathode up to 13.1A of discharge current and for the NEXIS cathode up to 30A of discharge current.
Oxygen Uptake by Treponema pallidum (1974)

Virulent Treponema pallidum has been shown to consume O(2) at a rate similar to that of the known aerobic spirochaete, Leptospira. Such O(2) uptake is cyanide sensitive, indicating a functioning cytochrome oxidase. Inhibition of O(2) uptake by azide, chlorpromazine, and amytal further suggests a functioning electron transport system for the oxidation of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (reduced) to O(2). Evidence is consistent with the probability that this terminal electron-transport system is coupled to oxidative phosphorylation. The potential significance of these findings is discussed.
Electrochromatographic Sequences (1954)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTElectrochromatographic SequencesT. R. Sato, W. P. Norris, and H. H. StrainCite this: Anal. Chem. 1954, 26, 2, 267–271Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1954Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1954https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac60086a006https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60086a006research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views35Altmetric-Citations40LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A Prospective, Multicenter, Phase I Matched-Comparison Group Trial of Safety, Pharmacokinetics, and Preliminary Efficacy of Riluzole in Patients with Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury (2013)

A prospective, multicenter phase I trial was undertaken by the North American Clinical Trials Network (NACTN) to investigate the pharmacokinetics and safety of, as well as obtain pilot data on, the effects of riluzole on neurological outcome in acute spinal cord injury (SCI). Thirty-six patients, with ASIA impairment grades A-C (28 cervical and 8 thoracic) were enrolled at 6 NACTN sites between April 2010 and June 2011. Patients received 50 mg of riluzole PO/NG twice-daily, within 12 h of SCI, for 14 days. Peak and trough plasma concentrations were quantified on days 3 and 14. Peak plasma concentration (Cmax) and systemic exposure to riluzole varied significantly between patients. On the same dose basis, Cmax did not reach levels comparable to those in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Riluzole plasma levels were significantly higher on day 3 than on day 14, resulting from a lower clearance and a smaller volume of distribution on day 3. Rates of medical complications, adverse events, and progression of neurological status were evaluated by comparison with matched patients in the NACTN SCI Registry. Medical complications in riluzole-treated patients occurred with incidences similar to those in patients in the comparison group. Mild-to-moderate increase in liver enzyme and bilirubin levels were found in 14-70% of patients for different enzymes. Three patients had borderline severe elevations of enzymes. No patient had elevated bilirubin on day 14 of administration of riluzole. There were no serious adverse events related to riluzole and no deaths. The mean motor score of 24 cervical injury riluzole-treated patients gained 31.2 points from admission to 90 days, compared to 15.7 points for 26 registry patients, a 15.5-point difference (p=0.021). Patients with cervical injuries treated with riluzole had more-robust conversions of impairment grades to higher grades than the comparison group.
Structural analysis of multisensor arrays for speech separation applications (2003)

This paper analyzes the beamforming separation effectiveness of several different microphone array configurations. These configurations consist of 4, 8, and 16 microphones placed in a plane for two-dimensional speech separation, with inter-microphone distances varying from 10cm to 160cm in logarithmic step sizes. It is discovered that the linear and bi-linear arrays result in the largest signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) gain after delay-and-sum beamforming in the case of speech signal and speech noise. Also, simulations show that larger inter-microphone distances result in a higher SNR gain, although the practicality of the higher inter-microphone distances is limited for certain applications where the array size is constrained.
Telomerase Activity in Bladder, Colon, Breast and Thyroid Carcinomas and Their Clinical Applications (1998)

細胞は分裂と共に染色体末端が短縮して来ることが知られている。これがある一定の長さになると細胞は死滅してしまう。テロメラーゼはこの短縮した染色体末端を修復する酵素で, 細胞が不死化する上で必要な酵素であり, 多くの癌細胞で活性化していることが知られている。今回膀胱癌, 大腸癌, 乳癌および甲状腺癌でテロメラーゼ活性をTRAP assayにて検索したところ, それぞれ86%, 92%, 73%および81.8%で陽性であった。さらにこれらの癌での臨床応用が可能かどうか検討する目的で, 膀胱癌患者の尿, 大腸癌切除標本の洗浄細胞, 乳癌および甲状腺癌の穿刺細胞診材料を用いテロメラーゼ活性を検討した。これらの癌症例の大部分で陽性所見を認め, 癌の分子診断として有用である可能性が示唆された。しかしながらTRAP assay自体Taq inhibdtorやtelomerase inhibitor等のバランスの上に成り立っている方法であることに留意する必要がある。
The Potential for Resident Lung Mesenchymal Stem Cells to Promote Functional Tissue Regeneration: Understanding Microenvironmental Cues (2012)

Tissue resident mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are important regulators of tissue repair or regeneration, fibrosis, inflammation, angiogenesis and tumor formation. Bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) and endothelial progenitor cells (EPC) are currently being considered and tested in clinical trials as a potential therapy in patients with such inflammatory lung diseases including, but not limited to, chronic lung disease, pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), pulmonary fibrosis (PF), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)/emphysema and asthma. However, our current understanding of tissue resident lung MSCs remains limited. This review addresses how environmental cues impact on the phenotype and function of this endogenous stem cell pool. In addition, it examines how these local factors influence the efficacy of cell-based treatments for lung diseases.