gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Translation of a Small Subset of Caenorhabditis elegans mRNAs Is Dependent on a Specific Eukaryotic Translation Initiation Factor 4E Isoform (2004)

The mRNA cap-binding protein eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E (eIF4E) participates in protein synthesis initiation, translational repression of specific mRNAs, and nucleocytoplasmic shuttling. Multiple isoforms of eIF4E are expressed in a variety of organisms, but their specific roles are poorly understood. We investigated one Caenorhabditis elegans isoform, IFE-4, which has homologues in plants and mammals. IFE-4::green fluorescent protein (GFP) was expressed in pharyngeal and tail neurons, body wall muscle, spermatheca, and vulva. Knockout of ife-4 by RNA interference (RNAi) or a null mutation produced a pleiotropic phenotype that included egg-laying defects. Sedimentation analysis demonstrated that IFE-4, but not IFE-1, was present in 48S initiation complexes, indicating that it participates in protein synthesis initiation. mRNAs affected by ife-4 knockout were determined by DNA microarray analysis of polysomal distribution. Polysome shifts, in the absence of total mRNA changes, were observed for only 33 of the 18,967 C. elegans mRNAs tested, of which a disproportionate number were related to egg laying and were expressed in neurons and/or muscle. Translational regulation was confirmed by reduced levels of DAF-12, EGL-15, and KIN-29. The functions of these proteins can explain some phenotypes observed in ife-4 knockout mutants. These results indicate that translation of a limited subset of mRNAs is dependent on a specific isoform of eIF4E.
Comments on "Asymptotic Backstepping Stabilization of an Underactuated Surface Vessel (2011)

The purpose of this short comment is to point out some mistakes in the considered paper. Furthermore, it is shown that the main results of the paper are not completed for the stabilization control of the ship system. For simplicity, all the symbols in this comment are the same as those in the paper under consideration.
GxySBA ABC Transporter of Agrobacterium tumefaciens and Its Role in Sugar Utilization and vir Gene Expression (2014)

Monosaccharides available in the extracellular milieu of Agrobacterium tumefaciens can be transported into the cytoplasm, or via the periplasmic sugar binding protein, ChvE, play a critical role in controlling virulence gene expression. The ChvE-MmsAB ABC transporter is involved in the utilization of a wide range of monosaccharide substrates but redundant transporters are likely given the ability of a chvE-mmsAB deletion strain to grow, albeit more slowly, in the presence of particular monosaccharides. In this study, a putative ABC transporter encoded by the gxySBA operon is identified and shown to be involved in the utilization of glucose, xylose, fucose, and arabinose, which are also substrates for the ChvE-MmsAB ABC transporter. Significantly, GxySBA is also shown to be the first characterized glucosamine ABC transporter. The divergently transcribed gene gxyR encodes a repressor of the gxySBA operon, the function of which can be relieved by a subset of the transported sugars, including glucose, xylose, and glucosamine, and this substrate-induced expression can be repressed by glycerol. Furthermore, deletion of the transporter can increase the sensitivity of the virulence gene expression system to certain sugars that regulate it. Collectively, the results reveal a remarkably diverse set of substrates for the GxySBA transporter and its contribution to the repression of sugar sensitivity by the virulence-controlling system, thereby facilitating the capacity of the bacterium to distinguish between the soil and plant environments.
Investigations on Surface Defects in Gear Hobbing (2011)

An important property of manufacturing processes is the process reliability. This refers to the macrogeometry and to the achievable surface quality. In dry gear hobbing as the most productive and common manufacturing technology for the soft machining of cylindrical gears sometimes surface defects are noticed. These defects like welded-on chips and smeared areas on the flank are not acceptable. The mechanisms leading to surface defects are not known and understood in total. For the understanding, first the appearance and exact occurrence have to be investigated. Parallel, metallografic investigations are carried out for the characterization of the defects. Further on, the appearing of surface defects and characteristic values generated by a manufacturing simulation for gear hobbing are compared to find influences of the tool and process design on the tendency of dry hobbed gears towards surface defects.
The Effects of Palmitate on Hepatic Insulin Resistance Are Mediated by NADPH Oxidase 3-derived Reactive Oxygen Species through JNK and p38MAPK Pathways (2010)

Elevated plasma free fatty acid (FFA) levels in obesity may play a pathogenic role in the development of insulin resistance. However, molecular mechanisms linking FFA to insulin resistance remain poorly understood. Oxidative stress acts as a link between FFA and hepatic insulin resistance. NADPH oxidase 3 (NOX3)-derived reactive oxygen species (ROS) may mediate the effect of TNF-α on hepatocytes, in particular the drop in cellular glycogen content. In the present study, we define the critical role of NOX3-derived ROS in insulin resistance in db/db mice and HepG2 cells treated with palmitate. The db/db mice displayed increased serum FFA levels, excess generation of ROS, and up-regulation of NOX3 expression, accompanied by increased lipid accumulation and impaired glycogen content in the liver. Similar results were obtained from palmitate-treated HepG2 cells. The exposure of palmitate elevated ROS production and NOX3 expression and, in turn, increased gluconeogenesis and reduced glycogen content in HepG2 cells. We found that palmitate induced hepatic insulin resistance through JNK and p38(MAPK) pathways, which are rescued by siRNA-mediated NOX3 reduction. In conclusion, our data demonstrate a critical role of NOX3-derived ROS in palmitate-induced insulin resistance in hepatocytes, indicating that NOX3 is the predominant source of palmitate-induced ROS generation and that NOX3-derived ROS may drive palmitate-induced hepatic insulin resistance through JNK and p38(MAPK) pathways.
Exosome Release by Primary B Cells (2009)

Exosomes are subcellular nanoparticles derived from the endosomal pathway. It is now becoming clear that a potential major in vivo source of exosomes is the B cell. Although it has been widely assumed that exosome release is a constitutive activity of most cell types, recent work has emphasized the role of cellular activation in the release of exosomes from primary cells. Like other lymphocytes, B cells undergo extensive cellular physiologic changes during the process of differentiation into effector cells. One newly identified feature of this process is exosome synthesis, which is initiated following the receipt of activation signals, particularly T-cell "help" via CD40 and IL-4 signaling. B-cell-derived exosomes contain immunoglobulin, which traffics antigen bound by the surface B-cell receptor (BCR) into the endosomal/exosomal pathway and finally into the extracellular space. Exosomes have been implicated in viral transmission, cell signaling, and antigen presentation, as well as in the disposal of effete or defective cellular components. However, the possible targets of B-cell-derived exosomes remain unknown. This review focuses on the synthesis and release of exosomes derived from activated and malignant B cells and explores the possible functions of B-cell-derived exosomes in immune function.
Improved Addition of Organolithium Reagents to Hindered and/or Enolisable Ketones. (2003)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Wireless Power Transmission Options for Space Solar Power (2013)

Space Solar Power (SSP), combined with Wireless Power Transmission (WPT), offers the far-term potential to solve major energy problems on Earth. In this paper two basic WPT options, using radio waves and light waves, are considered for both long-term and near-term SSP applications. In the long-term, we aspire to beam energy to Earth from geostationary Earth orbit (GEO), or even further distances in space. Accordingly, radio- and light- wave WPT options are compared through a wide range of criteria, each showing certain strengths. In the near-term, we plan to beam power over more moderate distances, but still stretch the limits of today's technology. For the near-term, a 100 kWe-class 'Power Plug' Satellite and a 10 kWe-class Lunar Polar Solar Power outpost are considered as the first steps in using these WPT options for SSP. By using SSP and WPT technology in near-term space science and exploration missions, we gain experience needed for sound decisions in designing and developing larger systems to send power from Space to Earth.
Radiative heat transfer estimation in pipes with various wall emissivities (2017)

Radiative heat transfer is usually of substantial importance in cryogenics when systems are designed and thermal budgeting is carried out. However, the contribution of pipes is commonly assumed to be comparably low since the warm and cold ends as well as their cross section are fairly small. Nevertheless, for a first assessment of each pipe rough estimates are always appreciated. In order to estimate the radiative heat transfer with traditional "paper and pencil" methods there is only one analytical case available in literature – the case of plane-parallel plates. This case can only be used to calculate the theoretical lower and the upper asymptotic values of the radiative heat transfer, since pipe wall radiation properties are not taken into account. For this paper we investigated the radiative heat transfer estimation in pipes with various wall emissivities with the help of numerical simulations. Out of a number of calculation series we could gain an empirical extension for the used approach of plane-parallel plates. The model equation can be used to carry out enhanced paper and pencil estimations for the radiative heat transfer through pipes without demanding numerical simulations.
Treatment with Convalescent Plasma for Influenza A (H5N1) Infection (2007)

Treatment with Convalescent Plasma for Influenza A (H5N1) InfectionTo the Editor: A previously healthy 31-year-old male van driver presented to a local clinic in Shenzhen, in southern China, on June 7, 2006, with a 4-day history of a high fever (temperature, 39.9°C), chills, and a cough with clear sputum.A chest radiograph obtained on June 9 revealed large opacities in the lower lobe of the left lung.A reversetranscriptase-polymerase-chain-reaction (RT-PCR) assay and an isolate from a tracheal aspirate were positive for influenza A (H5N1) virus.Treatment with 150 mg of oseltamivir twice daily was started at 2 a.m. on June 12 (Fig. 1).After 2 days, there was increased consolidation in the right lung and only slight improvement in the left lung.Quantitative RT-PCR revealed a high viral load (1.31×10 5 copies per milliliter) when it was first measured (at 4 a.m.
Malaria co-infection in children influences antibody response to schistosome antigens and inflammatory markers associated with morbidity (2003)

The epidemiological coexistence of schistosomiasis and malaria is frequently observed in developing countries. Co-infection with malaria in children could influence the development of acquired immunity associated with the resistance or the pathology of schistosomiasis. In the present study, performed during May to June 1996 in Senegal, the humoral immune response to Schistosoma haematobium 28 kDa glutathione S-transferase (Sh28GST) vaccinal antigen and to soluble egg antigens (SEA) has been evaluated in individuals infected by S. haematobium. Specific immunoglobulin G3 (IgG3) and IgE responses were significantly higher in co-infected children with Plasmodium falciparum compared with children infected with S. haematobium only. In addition, circulating levels of interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), interleukin-10 (IL-10), and soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor II (sTNF-RII), 3 parameters associated with schistosomiasis morbidity, were significantly increased in co-infected children. Taken together, this study indicated that malaria co-infection can both influence the acquired specific immune response to schistosome antigens and unbalance the regulation of inflammatory factors closely involved in schistosomiasis pathology.
CHAOS: An SDN-Based Moving Target Defense System (2017)

Moving target defense (MTD) has provided a dynamic and proactive network defense to reduce or move the attack surface that is available for exploitation. However, traditional network is difficult to realize dynamic and active security defense effectively and comprehensively. Software-defined networking (SDN) points out a brand-new path for building dynamic and proactive defense system. In this paper, we propose CHAOS, an SDN-based MTD system. Utilizing the programmability and flexibility of SDN, CHAOS obfuscates the attack surface including host mutation obfuscation, ports obfuscation, and obfuscation based on decoy servers, thereby enhancing the unpredictability of the networking environment. We propose the Chaos Tower Obfuscation (CTO) method, which uses the Chaos Tower Structure (CTS) to depict the hierarchy of all the hosts in an intranet and define expected connection and unexpected connection. Moreover, we develop fast CTO algorithms to achieve a different degree of obfuscation for the hosts in each layer. We design and implement CHAOS as an application of SDN controller. Our approach makes it very easy to realize moving target defense in networks. Our experimental results show that a network protected by CHAOS is capable of decreasing the percentage of information disclosure effectively to guarantee the normal flow of traffic.
Targeted Histone Acetylation and Altered Nuclease Accessibility over Short Regions of the Pea Plastocyanin Gene (2001)

The chromatin structure of the pea plastocyanin gene (PetE) was examined at three different transcriptional states by investigating the acetylation states of histones H3 and H4 and the nuclease accessibility of the gene in pea roots, etiolated shoots, and green shoots. The acetylation states of histones associated with different regions of PetE were analyzed by chromatin immunoprecipitation with antibodies specific for acetylated or nonacetylated histone H3 or H4 tails, followed by polymerase chain reaction quantification. Comparison of pea tissues indicated that histone hyperacetylation was associated with increased PetE transcription in green shoots. Moreover, hyperacetylation of both histones H3 and H4 was targeted to the enhancer/promoter region in green shoots, suggesting that only specific nucleosomes along the gene were modified. Time-course digestions of nuclei with micrococcal nuclease and DNaseI indicated that the enhancer/promoter region was more resistant to digestion in the inactive gene in pea roots than was the same region in the active gene in shoots, whereas the transcribed region of PetE was digested similarly among the tissues. This finding indicates that transcription is accompanied by changes in the nuclease accessibility of the enhancer/promoter region only. Moreover, these results indicate that the changes in nuclease accessibility are organ specific, whereas histone hyperacetylation is light dependent, and they suggest that changes in nuclease accessibility precede histone hyperacetylation during PetE activation.
Overcoming limitations of the mRNA differential display technique (1995)

Differential mRNA display (DD) is potentially a powerful method for identifying genes that are over-or under-expressed in one cell type relative to another. In this technique, as first described by Liang and Pardee (1), total RNA is isolated from two cell types to be compared, and first strand copies of both RNAs are made by reverse tanscription, using an oligo-dT primer that has a specific dinucleotide at its 3' end (the 3' amplimer). This 3' amplimer and an arbitrarily-chosen lOmer (the 5' amplimer) are then used in the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to amplify cDNAs to which the 3' and 5' amplimers both hybridize. A radioactive nucleotide is included in the PCR reactions so that the products can be run side-by-side on a sequencing gel and visualized by autoradio- graphy. Bands that appear on the display ofRNA from one cell type but not the other correspond to differentially-expressed mRNAs. These bands can be excised from the gel and amplified with the same primers used for the original display, and the resulting PCR product can be used to probe Northern blots of polyA+ RNA to confirm the identification of a differentially-expressed mRNA.
Octupolar metal nanoparticles as coherently controlled nanomotors and second harmonic generators (2006)

We predict that nanoparticles of octupolar symmetry (nano-triangles and nano-tetrahedra), whose orientation cannot be affected by means of linear optics, subjected to a coherent mixture of fundamental and second harmonic fields will rotate and orient controlled by the relative phase between these fields. This is due to the generation of the second-harmonic polarization and its interaction with the second-harmonic field. We have described this effect quantitatively for triangular and tetrahedral clusters of metal nanospheres where it can be observed experimentally and used in applications.
Sun Protection in Newborns (1991)

We investigated the effect of education on the sun exposure of newborns. Mothers of healthy newborns (n = 275) were enrolled in the spring of 1989 and interviewed by telephone in the fall of 1989. The mothers were divided into a control group, a low-level intervention group, and a high-level intervention group. Both the low-level and high-level interventions succeeded in reducing the amount of time the newborns were allowed to spend in direct sunlight. Both types of intervention also resulted in reduced sun exposure time for the mothers. Although the number of mothers who used sunscreen was approximately the same in all three groups, when sunscreen use was controlled for, the intervention groups spent significantly less unprotected time in the sun than the control group. The mothers and newborns in both intervention groups simply spent less time outdoors.
Nouvelle technique de couplage aux accès pour les filtres à résonateurs coaxiaux céramiques (2015)

National audience
Cavitation in Metastable Liquid Nitrogen Confined to Nanoscale Pores (2010)

We studied cavitation in metastable fluids drawing on the example of liquid nitrogen confined to spheroidal pores of specially prepared well-characterized mesoporous silica materials with mean pore diameters ranging from approximately 6 to approximately 35 nm. Cavitation was monitored in the process of evaporation/desorption from fully saturated samples with gradually decreasing vapor pressure at the isothermal conditions. The onset of cavitation was displayed by a sharp step on the desorption isotherm. We found that the vapor pressure at the onset of cavitation depended on the pore size for the samples with pores smaller than approximately 11 nm and remained practically unchanged for the samples with larger pores. We suggest that the observed independence of the cavitation pressure on the size of confinement indicates that the conditions of bubble nucleation in pores larger than approximately 11 nm approach the nucleation conditions in the bulk metastable liquid. To test this hypothesis and to evaluate the nucleation barriers, we performed grand canonical and gauge cell Monte Carlo simulations of nitrogen adsorption and desorption in spherical silica pores ranging from 5.5 to 10 nm in diameter. Simulated and experimental adsorption isotherms were in good agreement. Exploiting the correlation between the experimental cavitation pressure and the simulated nucleation barrier, we found that the nucleation barrier increased almost linearly from approximately 40 to approximately 70 k(B)T in the range of pores from approximately 6 to approximately 11 nm, and varied in diapason of 70-75 k(B)T in larger pores, up to 35 nm. We constructed the dependence of the nucleation barrier on the vapor pressure, which asymptotically approaches the predictions of the classical nucleation theory for the metastable bulk liquid at larger relative pressures (>0.6). Our findings suggest that there is a limit to the influence of the confinement on the onset of cavitation, and thus, cavitation of nanoconfined fluids may be employed to explore cavitation in macroscopic systems.
Direct single-shot phase retrieval from the diffraction pattern of separated objects (2016)

The non-crystallographic phase problem arises in numerous scientific and technological fields. An important application is coherent diffractive imaging. Recent advances in X-ray free-electron lasers allow capturing of the diffraction pattern from a single nanoparticle before it disintegrates, in so-called 'diffraction before destruction' experiments. Presently, the phase is reconstructed by iterative algorithms, imposing a non-convex computational challenge, or by Fourier holography, requiring a well-characterized reference field. Here we present a convex scheme for single-shot phase retrieval for two (or more) sufficiently separated objects, demonstrated in two dimensions. In our approach, the objects serve as unknown references to one another, reducing the phase problem to a solvable set of linear equations. We establish our method numerically and experimentally in the optical domain and demonstrate a proof-of-principle single-shot coherent diffractive imaging using X-ray free-electron lasers pulses. Our scheme alleviates several limitations of current methods, offering a new pathway towards direct reconstruction of complex objects.
The Synthesis of Pyrido[3,2-a]acridines (1997)

6-Aminoquinoline (5) reacts with 2-cyanocyclohexanone (6a) or ethyl 2-oxocyclohexanecarboxylate (6b) to give enamines which can be cyclised, under Lewis acid catalysed conditions, to tetrahydropyrido[3.2-alacridines(9, 13).Dehydrogenation of these tetrahydropyrido[3,2-alacridines, with palladium-oncharcoal, gives the fully aromatic pyrido[3,2-alacridines (la,b).We have recently reported the synthesis of pyrano[2,3-a]acridines' and pyrido[2,3-c]acridines2 via the cyclisation of imines under acid-or base-catalysed conditions, onto a pendant cyano or ester group.We wish to describe here the extension of this methodology to the synthesis of pyrido[3,2-alacndines.Despite the biological activity exhibited by these, and other heterocycle-fused acridine~,~ relatively few syntheses have been reported.In the retrosynthetic analysis of pyrido[3,2-alacridines (I), a number of bond disconnections are possible, one of which is shown in Scheme 1. Disconnection of the 12,12a-bond would require the preparation of either; the imine (2) from 7,8-dihydroquinolin-6(5H)-one (4), Scheme la; or enamine (3), from 6aminoquinoline (5) and the substituted cyclohexanone (6), Scheme lb.Two syntheses of ketone (4) have been reported in the lite~ature,"~ both of which were unsuccessful in our hands, so the second route was chosen.
Frequency scramble for secure communication of images using multidimensional digital filters (2003)

Multidimensional frequency scramble for secure communication of images using multidimensional linear periodically shift-variant digital filters (LPSV filters) is studied. The notion of a generalized multidimensional transfer function is presented for LPSV filters. The frequency characteristic of the filters is discussed in terms of this transfer function. Two-dimensional LPSV filters are designed based on the one-dimensional Parks-McClellan algorithm. The resultant LPSV filters divide the input spectrum into some components that are permuted and possibly inverted. Experimental results are presented to illustrate the effectiveness of multidimensional frequency scramble using the LPSV filters.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>