gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The influence of grain size distribution on strain hardening behavior for dual phase steels using statistica ly informed artificial microstructure model and crystal plasticity (2013)

Dual phase steels are well suited to the automotive application. Their microstructures comprise constituents of strong distinction in mechanical properties. As a result, dual phase steels exhibit remarkably high-energy absorption as well as an excellent combination of strength and ductility. Various deformation mechanisms can be observed on the microscale owing to their heterogeneous composition. A reliable microstructure-based simulation approach for describing these deformations is hence needed. Therefore, the approach to generate artificial dual phase microstructure models based on the quantitative results of metallographic microstructure analysis and their statistical representation is developed. This method captures several microstructural features such as microstructure morphology and thus enables a simulation-based analysis of the influence of these features on the meso- and macroscopic material behavior. The algorithm input contains representative information about individual phase grain size and orientation distributions. The statistical parameters to represent the grain size distribution function are then input into a multiplicatively weighted Voronoi tessellation based algorithm to generate artificial microstructure geometry models that are applicable to bimodal distribution and with which microstructure deformation (finite element) simulations can be performed. By implementation of the phenomenological based crystal plasticity model to the generated artificial microstructure model, the influence of grain size distribution on the strain hardening behavior can be investigated.
Holographic Analysis of Large Vehicle Structures (1982)

A highly tuned, double pulse, Q-switched ruby laser is used to make double exposure holograms of large vibrating objects. The holographic fringe patterns are interpreted to produce a detailed knowledge of the displacement amplitude for a wide variety of vibrating objects. A triggering system permits the firing of the laser relative to arbitrary phase orientations of the vibrating object. A primary emphasis is placed upon the holograms at the same amplitude and frequency but different phase angles yields valuable information about the dynamics of the vibrating vehicle components. These interferometric fringe patterns reveal important information about global displacement amplitude and stress concentrations.
Fatigue strength of low carbon steel with hard boride alloy bonded on. (1986)

In order to improve the erosion resistance of heat exchanger tubes in fluidized-bed boilers, small blocks of Boride alloys were diffusion bonded on the low carbon steel tubes. It was anticipated that these blocks could reduce the fatigue strength because of the stress concentration at the corner of bonded blocks and the difference of hardness between the tube and the blocks.Fatigue tests were performed on plate and tube specimens made of boiler graded low carbon steels with and without bonded Boride blocks and the fatigue crack initiation behavior was studied experimentally. Low carbon steel tubes with the Boride alloy blocks were found to have the equivalent fatigue strength to the low carbon steel without Boride blocks. Analyzing the test results, it was concluded that the crack initiation behavior of tube specimens was controlled by two counteracting effects, namely beneficial effects o f compressive residual stress and boron diffusion, and detrimental effect of corner notch.It was concluded that low carbon steel tubes with boride alloys can be employed in the fluidized-bed boilers much the same way as usual tubes without boride blocks.
On the Adversarial Convex Body Chasing Problem (2023)

In this work, we extend the convex body chasing problem to an adversarial setting, where an agent (the Player) is tasked to chase a sequence of convex bodies generated adversarially by an opponent. The Player aims to minimize the cost associated with its total movements, while the Opponent tries to maximize. The set of feasible convex bodies is finite and known to both agents, which allows us to provide performance guarantees with max-min optimality rather than via the competitive ratio. Under some mild assumptions, we show the continuity of the optimal value function and provide an algorithm to numerically generate the optimal policies with performance guarantees. Finally, the theoretical results are verified through numerical examples.
Structural and functional analysis of EcoRI DNA methyltransferase by proteolysis (1991)

Native EcoRI DNA methyltransferase (Mtase, Mr 38,050) is proteolyzed by trypsin to generate an intermediate 36-kDa fragment (p36) followed by the formation of two polypeptides of Mr 23,000 and 13,000 (p23 and p13, respectively). Protein sequence analysis of the tryptic fragments indicates that p36 results from removal of the first 14 or 16 amino acids, p23 spans residues 15-216, and p13 spans residues 217-325. The relative resistance to further degradation of p23 and p13 suggests stable domain structures. This is further supported by the generation of similar fragments with SV8 endoprotease which has entirely different peptide specificities. Our results suggest the Mtase is a two-domain protein connected by a highly flexible interdomain hinge. The putative hinge region encompasses previously identified peptides implicated in AdoMet binding [Reich, N.O., & Everett, E. (1990) J. Biol. Chem. 265, 8929-8934] and catalysis [Everett et al. (1990) J. Biol. Chem. 265, 17713-17719]. Protection studies with DNA, S-adenosylmethionine (AdoMet), S-adenosylhomocysteine (AdoHcy), and sinefungin (AdoMet analogue) show that the Mtase undergoes significant conformational changes upon ligand binding. Trypsinolysis of the AdoMet-bound form of the Mtase generates different fragments, and the AdoMet-bound form is over 800 times more stable than unbound Mtase. The sequence-specific ternary complex (Mtase-DNA-sinefungin) is 2000 times more resistant to degradation by trypsin; cleavage eventually generates 26- and 12-kDa fragments which span residues 104-325 and 1-103, respectively (p26 and p12). The first 14 or 16 amino acids of the Mtase are not essential since p36 retains activity. Activity analysis of the p26 and p12 mixture also indicates retention of activity.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Phase distribution of iodine in the course of production of 99Mo concentrate (2017)

A novel procedure was suggested for studying the phase distribution of radioactive iodine in the liquid–gas system. Without redox reactions, the degree of iodine transfer into the gas phase is maximal for sulfuric and nitric acid solutions at pH ≤ 1.5. In weakly acidic, neutral, and alkaline solutions, the iodine transfer into the gas phase is insignificant (degree of transfer <0.05). Conditions for stabilization of iodine species (presence of redox reagents, solution acidity) were found. The most efficient purification of 99Мо to remove iodine radionuclides is observed in sulfuric acid solutions, where the probability of formation of IО3 – anions, exhibiting the highest affinity for titanium hydroxide, is minimal. Silver-modified Termoxid sorbents are suitable for selective sorption of iodine only from alkaline solutions (0.3–0.5 M NaOH), with the best result obtained for Т-5(Ag) (iodine distribution coefficient 2000–3000 mL g–1). An additional step of purification of alkaline molybdenum concentrates to remove iodine on Т-5(Ag) sorbent was suggested; it allows the residual iodine content of the molybdenum concentrate to be decreased by a factor of 20.
High‐voltage interactions in plasma wakes: Results from the charging hazards and wake studies (CHAWS) flight experiments (1997)

Data from the charging hazards and wake studies (CHAWS) flight experiments on board space shuttle missions STS‐60 and STS‐69, during which a negatively biased, high‐voltage (0–5 kV) probe was placed in a plasma wake in low Earth orbit, are presented. For these experiments the source of the wake was the 4‐m‐diameter Wake Shield Facility (WSF), which was operated both as a free‐flying spacecraft and attached to the shuttle orbiter's robot arm. Current collection by the biased probe is investigated as a function of the density and temperature of the ambient plasma and the probe's location in the plasma wake. Current collection behavior is determined by the expansion of the high‐voltage sheath into the ambient plasma stream. Consistent with preflight predictions, current collection on the probe is highly nonuniform, varying by more than 5 orders of magnitude across the surface of the probe. The onset of current collection, however, begins at voltages that are an order of magnitude lower than anticipated. This is likely due to the low‐energy, turbulent plasma (typically 2–5% of the ambient density and up to 40% on occasion) observed in the ambient environment. This important minority constituent of the plasma was observed in the vicinity of the shuttle Orbiter and observed while the WSF was free‐flying.
Submerged Hollow Fiber Membrane System as Potential Pretreatment for Reverse Osmosis: Effect of Operating Modes and Fouling Characterization (2010)

Submerged hollow fibre membrane filtration system has been demonstrated to have lower energy cost and have been widely applied in surface and wastewater treatment for many years. However, the application of submerged hollow fibre membrane system in seawater pre-treatment is relatively new compared to the existing spiral wound membrane system and pressurised hollow fibre membrane system (Pearce et al., 2004). Some research effort has been put on investigating the effect of backwash on membrane fouling limitation using pressurised hollow fibre membrane system. To date, researchers have only investigated the effects of single parameter (such as filtration duration, backwash duration and strength) on the fouling limitation but have not yet considered the potential contribution due to the inter-correlation among different operation parameters. In addition, the underlying fouling limitation mechanism by backwash parameters has not been thoroughly analyzed. For the pressurized systems and submerged systems, the fouling profiles, fouling mechanisms and the possible level of fouling controlled by backwash can be quite different due to the different membrane configurations (Huang et al., 2007).
Complex Scalar Singlet Model Benchmarks for Snowmass (2022)

In this contribution to Snowmass 2021, we present benchmark parameters for the general complex scalar singlet model. The complex scalar singlet extension has three massive scalar states with interesting decay chains which will depend on the exact mass hierarchy of the system. We find maximum branching ratios for resonant double Standard Model-like Higgs production, resonant production of a Standard Model-like Higgs and a new scalar, and double resonant new scalar production. These branching ratios are between 0.7 and 1. This is particularly interesting because instead of direct production, the main production of a new scalar resonance may be from the $s$-channel production and decay of another scalar resonance. That is, it is still possible for discovery of new scalar resonances to be from the cascade of one resonance to another. We choose our benchmark points to have to have a large range of signatures: multi-$b$ production, multi-$W$ and $Z$ production, and multi-125 GeV SM-like Higgs production. These benchmark points can provide various spectacular signatures that are consistent with current experimental and theoretical bounds. This is a summary of results in Ref. [1].
Structure-Based in Silico Screening Identifies a Potent Ebolavirus Inhibitor from a Traditional Chinese Medicine Library (2019)

Potent Ebolavirus (EBOV) inhibitors will help to curtail outbreaks such as that which occurred in 2014-16 in West Africa. EBOV has on its surface a single glycoprotein (GP) critical for viral entry and membrane fusion. Recent high-resolution complexes of EBOV GP with a variety of approved drugs revealed that binding to a common cavity prevented fusion of the virus and endosomal membranes, inhibiting virus infection. We performed docking experiments, screening a database of natural compounds to identify those likely to bind at this site. Using both inhibition assays of HIV-1-derived pseudovirus cell entry and structural analyses of the complexes of the compounds with GP, we show here that two of these compounds attach in the common binding cavity, out of eight tested. In both cases, two molecules bind in the cavity. The two compounds are chemically similar, but the tighter binder has an additional chlorine atom that forms good halogen bonds to the protein and achieves an IC<sub>50</sub> of 50 nM, making it the most potent GP-binding EBOV inhibitor yet identified, validating our screening approach for the discovery of novel antiviral compounds.
Adhesion of Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma to Endothelial Cells: The Missing Links (1995)

Studies of four HNSCC cell lines disclosed a consistent and distinctive pattern of adhesion molecule expression. The alpha 6 integrin subunit may be involved in direct adhesion to nonactivate and cytokine-activated endothelial cells or to laminin present on the endothelial surface. Sialyl Lewis(x) was more specifically involved in the increased adhesion to cytokine-activated HUVEC. This suggests that the sialyl Lewis(x)-endothelial-selectin ligand interaction may be important in facilitating HNSCC adhesion during metastasis to sites of active or chronic inflammation in vivo.
Engineering of an Anti-Steroid Antibody: Amino Acid Substitutions Change Antibody Fine Specificity from Cortisol Estradiol (1998)

Immunoassays are widely used for determination of the concentration of steroid hormones. However, obtaining specific anti-steroid monoclonal antibodies remains difficult. We used antibody engineering and phage display methods to change the specificity of an anti-cortisol monoclonal antibody towards estradiol. This work demonstrates that production of recombinant antibodies may be a valuable way of obtaining the high-specificity antibodies required for steroid immunoassays.
Selective Inhibition of 11β-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Type 1 Improves Hepatic Insulin Sensitivity in Hyperglycemic Mice Strains (2003)

11 beta-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (11 beta-HSD1) has been proposed as a new target for type 2 diabetes drugs. The aim of the present study was to assess the effects of inhibition of 11 beta-HSD1 on blood glucose levels, glucose tolerance, and insulin sensitivity in mouse models of type 2 diabetes. BVT.2733 is an isoform-selective inhibitor of mouse 11 beta-HSD1. Hyperglycemic and hyperinsulinemic ob/ob, db/db, KKAy, and normal C57BL/6J mice were orally administered BVT.2733 (200 mg/kg.d, twice daily). In hyperglycemic, but not in normal mice, BVT.2733 lowered circulating glucose (to 50-88% of control) and insulin (52-65%) levels. In oral glucose tolerance tests in ob/ob and KKAy mice, glucose concentrations were 65-75% of vehicle values after BVT.2733 treatment, and in KKAy mice insulin concentrations were decreased (62-74%). Euglycemic, hyperinsulinemic clamps demonstrated decreased endogenous glucose production (21-61%). Analysis of hepatic mRNA in KKAy mice showed reduced phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase mRNA (71%). A slight reduction in food intake was observed in ob/ob and KKAy mice. Cholesterol, triglycerides, and free fatty acid levels were decreased to 81-86% in KKAy mice after a 4-h fast. The results support previous suggestions that selective 11 beta-HSD1 inhibitors lower blood glucose levels and improve insulin sensitivity in different mouse models of type 2 diabetes.
A hybrid diffraction method for the design of etched diffraction grating demultiplexers (2005)

A novel hybrid diffraction method is proposed to simulate the demultiplexing of an etched diffraction grating (EDG). The scalar diffraction formula is adopted to simulate the propagation of the light field in the free propagation region (FPR), and a rigorous coupled-wave analysis (RCWA) is used to calculate the polarization-dependent diffraction near the grating. The hybrid diffraction method takes the advantages of both the conventional scalar diffraction method and the rigorous coupled-wave analysis and can simulate accurately the imaging property as well as the polarization-dependent efficiency of an EDG demultiplexer. Compared with the conventional scalar diffraction method, the proposed hybrid diffraction method reduces greatly the design error in, for example, the polarization-dependent insertion loss.
A closed-form upper-bound for the distribution of the weighted sum of rayleigh variates (2005)

The problem of finding the distribution of the sum of more than two Rayleigh fading envelopes has never been solved in terms of tabulated functions. In this letter, we present a closed-form union upper-bound for the cumulative distribution function of the weighted sum of N independent Rayleigh fading envelopes. Computer simulation results verify the tightness of the proposed bound for several values of N. The proposed bound can be efficiently applied in various wireless applications, such as satellite communications, equal-gain receivers, and radars.
Adiabatic Effectiveness, Thermal Fields, and Velocity Fields for Film Cooling With Large Angle Injection (1997)

The film cooling performance and velocity field were investigated for discrete round holes inclined at an injection angle of 55 deg. Results are compared to typical round film cooling holes, with an injection angle of 35 deg. All experiments in this study were performed at a density ratio of DR = 1.6, using cryogenic cooling of the injected air. Centerline and lateral distributions of effectiveness were obtained for a range of momentum flux ratios. Thermal field and two component mean velocity and turbulence intensity measurements were made at a momentum flux ratio that was within the range of maximum spatially averaged effectiveness. Compared to round holes with 35 deg injection angle, the 55 deg holes showed only a slight degradation in centerline effectiveness for low momentum flux ratios, while a significant reduction in effectiveness was seen at high momentum flux ratios. The thermal field for the 55 deg round holes indicated a faster decay of cooling capacity for the 55 deg round holes. The high turbulence levels for the 55 deg round hole coincided with the sharp velocity gradients between the jet and free stream, and the decay of turbulence levels with downstream distance was found to be similar to those for a 35 deg hole.
Reversible formation of Ag44 from selenolates (2014)

The cluster Ag₄₄SePh₃₀, originally prepared from silver selenolate, upon oxidative decomposition by H₂O₂ gives the same cluster back, in an apparently reversible synthesis. Such an unusual phenomenon was not seen for the corresponding thiolate analogues. From several characterization studies such as mass spectrometry, Raman spectroscopy, etc., it has been confirmed that the degraded and as-synthesized selenolates are the same in nature, which leads to the reversible process. The possibility of making clusters from the degraded material makes cluster synthesis economical. This observation makes one to consider cluster synthesis to be a reversible chemical process, at least for selenolates.
Sterol-Modified Phospholipids: Cholesterol and Phospholipid Chimeras with Improved Biomembrane Properties (2008)

We synthesized a family of sterol-modified glycerophospholipids (SML) in which the sn-1 or sn-2 position is covalently attached to cholesterol and the alternative position contains an aliphatic chain. The SML were used to explore how anchoring cholesterol to a phospholipid affects cholesterol behavior in a bilayer. Notably, cholesterol in the SML retains the membrane condensing properties of free cholesterol regardless of the chemistry or position of its attachment to the glycerol moiety of the phospholipid. SMLs by themselves formed liposomes upon hydration and in mixtures between an SML and diacylglycerophospholipids (C14 to C18 chain length) the thermotropic phase transition is eliminated at the SML equivalent of about 30 mol % free cholesterol. Osmotic-induced contents leakage from SML (C14-C18) liposomes depends upon the linkage and position of cholesterol but in general is similar to that observed in 3/2 diacylphosphatidylcholine/cholesterol (mole ratio) liposomes. SML liposomes are exceptionally resistant to contents release in the presence of serum at 37 degrees C. This is probably due to the fact that SML exchange between bilayers is more than 100 fold less than the exchange rate of free cholesterol in the same conditions. Importantly, SML liposomes containing doxorubicin are as effective in treating the murine C26 colon carcinoma as Doxil, a commercial liposome doxorubicin formulation. SMLs stabilize bilayers but do not exchange and hence provide a new tool for biophysical studies on membranes. They may improve liposomal drug delivery in organs predisposed to the extraction of free cholesterol from bilayers, such as the skin, lung, or blood.
ChemInform Abstract: REACTIVITY OF METAL Π‐COMPLEXES. XIX. SYNTHESIS AND PROPERTIES OF Π‐CYCLOHEPTADIENYLTUNGSTEN COMPLEXES (1976)

Abstract Die Protonierung des W‐Komplexes (I) führt unter Addition des Protons an den Siebenring zum Kation (II).
Tunable Twin-Guide Distributed Feedback Laser with 8-nm Mode-Hop-Free Tuning Range (2006)

A tunable twin-guide distributed feedback laser with a mode-hop-free tuning range of 8 nm has been developed by reducing the loss increment in its tuning layer.
Designing Transfers to Geostationary Orbit Using Combined Chemical–Electric Propulsion (2015)

Although it is clear that electric propulsion can deliver more payload mass when compared to conventional chemical propulsion, near-term transfers to geostationary-equatorial orbit will likely use both propulsion modes in order to reduce the transfer time. Determining the best starting orbit for the subsequent electric-propulsion phase is the key to computing time-constrained maximum-payload transfers to geostationary orbit. Numerical optimization methods are used to determine the unique optimal starting orbit for a given low-thrust velocity increment to be performed by the electric-propulsion stage. This approach yields a purely analytical algorithm that can determine spacecraft mass requirements for a desired electric propulsion system and desired transfer time. Numerical examples are presented in order to demonstrate how this tool can be used to rapidly perform trade studies for transfers that use chemical and electric propulsion stages.
Dielectric properties of Pb2In3+B5+O6 (B5+- Nb, Ta) ceramics sintered from mechanochemically synthesized nanopowders (2019)

High-energy mechanical activation of the starting oxides was found to reduce dramatically or even suppress the frequency shift of the dielectric permittivity maximum of ceramic ferroelectrics-relaxors Pb2InNbO6 and Pb2InTaO6 sintered from the mechanochemically synthesized nanopowders. At the same time, the heights of the dielectric permittivity maxima for both compounds are substantially higher than those reported in the literature for similar ceramics obtained by usual solid state reactions route.
Identifying bias inCCR1 antagonists using radiolabelled binding, receptor internalization, β‐arrestin translocation and chemotaxis assays (2014)

Our studies demonstrate that tissue phenotype seems to be relevant with regards to CCR1. Moreover, it appears that for CCR1 antagonists, inhibition of β-arrestin translocation is not necessarily linked to chemotaxis or receptor internalization.