gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An overview of the IEEE 802.15.4a Standard (2010)

This article presents the IEEE 802.15.4a standard, the first international standard that specifies a wireless physical layer to enable precision ranging. As an amendment to the popular IEEE 802.15.4-2006, the IEEE 802.15.4a-2007 standard introduces new options for the physical layer in order to support higher data rates, extended range, improved robustness against interference, and mobility, while enabling new applications based on distance information of the devices in a low-rate wireless personal area network.
Pyrazinamide Susceptibility Is Driven by Activation of the SigE-Dependent Cell Envelope Stress Response in Mycobacterium tuberculosis (2022)

Pyrazinamide (PZA) plays a crucial role in first-line tuberculosis drug therapy. Unlike other antimicrobial agents, PZA is active against Mycobacterium tuberculosis only at low pH. The basis for this conditional drug susceptibility remains undefined. In this study, we utilized a genome-wide approach to interrogate potentiation of PZA action. We found that mutations in numerous genes involved in central metabolism as well as cell envelope maintenance and stress response are associated with PZA resistance. Further, we demonstrate that constitutive activation of the cell envelope stress response can drive PZA susceptibility independent of environmental pH. Consequently, exposure to peptidoglycan synthesis inhibitors, such as beta-lactams and d-cycloserine, potentiate PZA action through triggering this response. These findings illuminate a regulatory mechanism for conditional PZA susceptibility and reveal new avenues for enhancing potency of this important drug through targeting activation of the cell envelope stress response. <b>IMPORTANCE</b> For decades, pyrazinamide has served as a cornerstone of tuberculosis therapy. Unlike any other antitubercular drug, pyrazinamide requires an acidic environment to exert its action. Despite its importance, the driver of this conditional susceptibility has remained unknown. In this study, a genome-wide approach revealed that pyrazinamide action is governed by the cell envelope stress response. This observation was validated by orthologous approaches that demonstrate that a central player of this response, SigE, is both necessary and sufficient for potentiation of pyrazinamide action. Moreover, constitutive activation of this response through deletion of the anti-sigma factor gene <i>rseA</i> or exposure of bacilli to drugs that target the cell wall was found to potently drive pyrazinamide susceptibility independent of environmental pH. These findings force a paradigm shift in our understanding of pyrazinamide action and open new avenues for improving diagnostic and therapeutic tools for tuberculosis.
ACYP1 Gene Possesses Two Alternative Splicing Forms That Induce Apoptosis (2004)

In human cell lines two products of the ACYP1 gene were detected by RT-PCR. In addition to the expected amplicon corresponding to the CT form of acylphosphatase (320 bp) a second unexpected one (400 bp) was characterized as the result of an alternative splicing in which an extra 79 bp long exon is inserted between the two known exons. This new product, indicated as CTsv, was cloned and expressed. We performed the ectopic expression of the two alternative splicing forms. Both CT and CTsv products were able to induce a proapoptotic effect when expressed in HeLa cell line, despite the fact that the CTsv protein did not show any acylphosphatase activity.
Monolithically Integrated Digitally Tunable Laser Using a Reflective Arrayed Waveguide Grating with Multimode Interference Reflectors (2013)

We present a novel monolithically integrated semiconductor laser based on a Reflective Arrayed Waveguide Grating and Multimode Interference Reflectors. The laser emits at seven distinct wavelengths using only four optical amplifiers.
Topic Modeling with Nonparametric Markov Tree. (2011)

A new hierarchical tree-based topic model is developed, based on nonparametric Bayesian techniques. The model has two unique attributes: (<i>i</i>) a child node in the tree may have more than one parent, with the goal of eliminating redundant sub-topics deep in the tree; and (<i>ii</i>) parsimonious sub-topics are manifested, by removing redundant usage of words at multiple scales. The depth and width of the tree are unbounded within the prior, with a retrospective sampler employed to adaptively infer the appropriate tree size based upon the corpus under study. Excellent quantitative results are manifested on five standard data sets, and the inferred tree structure is also found to be highly interpretable.
Density distribution analysis of a primary antibody forming cell response. (1971)

The technique of equilibrium density gradient centrifugation has been used to study the antibody forming cells (AFC) produced in the Lewis rat and the toad Bufo marinus in response to polymerized flagellin protein antigen. In both animals the AFC at the peak of the response were heterogeneous in density, and formed many separate peaks, as has been observed previously with sheep erythrocyte antigen.

Two lines of evidence suggested the various peaks were of biological significance. The earliest AFC found in the rat spleen were simpler in density profile than the AFC at the peak, although a complex `steady-state' situation developed soon after. In the toad, a definite sequence of density peaks appeared progressively during the whole response. In the rat, the AFC making different classes of antibody gave different density profiles, and could be partially separated from each other. The density separation technique may be useful for studying the differentiation and maturation of antibody forming cells.
Simultaneous optimization of driving buffer and routing switch sizes in an FPGA using an iso-area approach (2003)

In this paper, we analyze the gain from simultaneous sizing of driving buffers and routing switches on an FPGA interconnect performance. We show that it is not area feasible to build FPGAs with optimally sized interconnects. However, with constrained interconnect area, it is possible to significantly improve the speed of interconnects by simultaneously sizing the driving buffers and routing switches. Our experiments suggest that by simultaneously optimizing the routing resources, delay can be improved by 15-20%. We introduce the idea of iso-area optimization in which we find optimal sizing of routing resources within an overall area constraint. We also show that by making the routing architecture heterogeneous, in terms of routing switch size, we can further improve the performance of an FPGA by 1-12%.
Dihydropyridines in Organometallic Synthesis. Formation of Pyridine and Dihydropyridine-Stabilized Alkylidene Complexes of Tungsten(0) and Chromium(0) from Fischer Carbene Complexes:  Structure and Reactivity (1996)

1,2- and 1,4-dihydropyridines react with alkoxycarbene complexes of chromium and tungsten to give, upon an unprecedented hydride transfer, alcohol elimination, and pyridine fixation on the carbene carbon, a new class of air-stable pyridinium ylide complexes. These pyridine-protected alkylidene complexes of chromium(0) and tungsten(0) were fully characterized by X-ray crystallography. In the case of (CO)5WC(CH3)(OEt) (5a), besides the pyridinium ylide complex (CO)5W-−C(H)(CH3)(pyridine)+ (7a), the dihydropyridinium complex (CO)5W-−C(H)(CH3)(2,5-dihydropyridine)+ (8a) was also isolated. The intermediate tungstate (CO)5W-−C(H)(CH3)(OEt)(CH3NC5H5)+ could be easily obtained and characterized by using, as reducing agent, N-methyldihydropyridine. Whereas phenyl-substituted pyridinium complexes easily transferred the benzylidene moiety to alkenes, alkyl-substituted complexes appeared more reluctant to such a transfer: satisfactory results were observed in the case of nucleophilic olefins such as enol ethers. However, straightforward transfer of the tungsten(0) alkylidene group took place, even at room temperature, in the case of alkoxycarbene complexes tethered to alkenes, giving access, upon intramolecular cyclopropanation reactions, to polycyclic systems.
Experimental research on back EMF zero crossing detection method for novel transverse flux permanent magnet motor (2011)

Back EMF zero crossing detection method has been successfully applied to sensorless control of conventional brushless DC motor. This paper highlights the differences in its implementation for novel transverse flux permanent magnet motor (TFPMM), as regards additional detection error. The reasons for long commutation process in novel TFPMM have been discussed to indicate much wider voltage spikes, which is the essence of additional detection error. It has been also shown from experimental results that the zero crossing point of filtered phase voltage is ahead of that of corresponding back EMF. To determine the phase compensation for rotor-position-detection error, the corresponding phase difference is presented under varying load torque conditions.
Increased level of hemoglobin 1 enhances survival of hypoxic stress and promotes early growth in Arabidopsis thaliana (2002)

Overexpression of a class 1 Hb (GLB1) protects Arabidopsis thaliana plants from the effects of severe hypoxia. Overexpression of the bifunctional symbiotic Hb (GLB1S) from Parasponia andersonii in A. thaliana also increases survival after hypoxia. Plants overexpressing the Hb 1 protein, mutated to have a low oxygen affinity, are as susceptible to hypoxia as WT plants, suggesting that the protection against hypoxia depends on the ability of the Hb to bind ligands, such as oxygen, with high affinity. A mild hypoxia pretreatment (5%) induces the Hb gene and increases the survival of plants after severe hypoxic treatment (0.1%). These results with Hb 1 show that plant Hbs have a role other than in nitrogen-fixing root nodules. Plants overexpressing the GLB1 protein show early vigorous growth in nonhypoxic conditions and are 50% larger in weight than the controls at 14 days. The constitutive expression of GLB1 also resulted in a reduced number of root hairs and increased number of laterals in the root system.
Enhanced bipolar Stacked Switched Capacitor energy buffers (2012)

The Stacked Switched Capacitor (SSC) energy buffer is a recently proposed architecture for buffering energy between single-phase ac and dc. When used with film capacitors, it can increase the life of grid-interfaced power converters by eliminating limited-life electrolytic capacitors while maintaining comparable energy density. This paper introduces an enhanced version of the bipolar SSC energy buffer that achieves a higher effective energy density and round-trip efficiency, while maintaining the same bus voltage ripple ratio as the original design. Furthermore, the enhanced buffer uses fewer capacitors and switches than the original design. The enhancement in performance is achieved by modifying the control and switching patterns of the buffer switches. A prototype enhanced SSC energy buffer, designed for a 320 V bus and a 135 W load, has been built and tested. The design methodology and experimental results for the enhanced SSC energy buffer are presented and compared with the original design. The paper also presents a comparison of unipolar and bipolar SSC energy buffers. It is shown that while bipolar designs are superior in terms of effective energy density at low ripple ratios, unipolar designs can outperform bipolar designs at high ripple ratios.
Non-postselected teleportation of single qubits (2003)

Summary form only given. The demonstration of quantum state teleportation using single photonic qubits usually requires the detection of the teleported qubit to exclude an empty output mode of the "teleporter". This has lead to the misleading impression of postselecting the teleported quantum state. We demonstrate that postselection is no principle issue of quantum teleportation by presenting an experimental scheme in which a freely propagating teleported quantum state can be achieved with high fidelity. The scheme is discussed together with its applications in long-distance quantum communication schemes.
A New Type of Magneto-Optic Readout Head (1985)

A "domain-modulation-type optical reproduction head" is reported, in which the signal field is transmitted through a high permeability film to a readout magnetic film, which enlarges the domain and enables reproduction by laser light. Magnetic garnet was used as the readout film, and (60 to 300 μm thick) Permalloy as the high permeability film. In tests, the modulated domain width of the garnet was greater (approximately 4 μm) than for the Permalloy, suggesting the possibility for high-resolution laser reproduction.
Equivalence between physical optics and aperture integration for radiation from open-ended waveguides (1997)

The eigen-mode radiation from an open-ended waveguide of arbitrary cross section is considered. The following theorem is demonstrated: the Kirchhoff-Kottler aperture integration for the radiated field is equivalent to the physical-optics (PO) approach applied to the wall currents. This theorem allows one to resort to aperture integration for those structures involving complicated PO integration. On the other hand, based on the same theorem the aperture integration may be reduced to a line integral along the edge of the waveguide for those configurations that allow a simple PO integration. It can also be useful in developing more efficient solutions in the framework of incremental theories.
Observation of [C I] toward the GL 2591 and W28 A2 Molecular Outflows (1994)

Molecular outflows associated with GL 2591 and W28 A2 were observed in the 492 GHz [CI] line. Upper limits are set on the [CI] emission in the extremely high velocity line wings. These limits are discussed in terms of wind-driven and jet-driven models of molecular outflows.
Effectiveness of interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (Anakinra) on cerulein-induced experimental acute pancreatitis in rats (2014)

In the light of these results, cerulein is an appropriate agent for experimental AP rat model and Anakinra has a favorable therapeutic effect on acute experimental pancreatitis model. Moreover, Anakinra significantly decreases cerulein-related pancreatic tissue injury and pancreatic apoptosis.
Distributed Semantic Service Discovery for MANET (2013)

Service discovery is an integral part in establishing an independent and self-organizing mobile ad-hoc network(MANET). In this paper a new distributed semantic service discovery scheme is proposed for MANET consisting of various mobile terminals. The proposed scheme based on the proactive routing protocol, Destination-Sequenced Distance Vector (DSDV), maintains the information on the network in the routing table for semantic service discovery depending on the desired service type. The proposed scheme is designed on top of TCP/IP stack of a mobile node. Its performance is evaluated by computer simulation, which reveals that the delay in service discovery is significantly reduced compared to the existing scheme.
Point mutations impairing cell surface expression of the common beta subunit (CD18) in a patient with leukocyte adhesion molecule (Leu-CAM) deficiency. (1990)

The leukocyte adhesion molecules CD11a/CD18, CD11b/CD18, and CD11c/CD18 (Leu-CAM) are members of the integrin receptor family and mediate crucial adhesion-dependent functions in leukocytes. The molecular basis for their deficient cell surface expression was sought in a patient suffering from severe and recurrent bacterial infections. Previous studies revealed that impaired cell surface expression of Leu-CAM is secondary to heterogeneous structural defects in the common beta subunit (CD18). Cloning and sequencing of complementary DNA encoding for CD18 in this patient revealed two mutant alleles, each representing a point mutation in the coding region of CD18 and resulting in an amino acid substitution. Each mutant allele results in impaired CD18 expression on the cell surface membrane of transfected COS M6 cells. One substitution involves an arginine residue (Arg593----cysteine) that is conserved in the highly homologous fourth cysteine-rich repeats of other mammalian integrin subfamilies. The other substitution involves a lysine residue (Lys196----threonine) located within another highly conserved region in integrins. These data identify crucial residues and regions necessary for normal cell surface expression of CD18 and possibly other integrin beta subunits and define a molecular basis for impaired cell surface expression of CD18 in this patient.
Alteration of Marrow Cell Gene Expression, Protein Production, and Engraftment into Lung by Lung-Derived Microvesicles: A Novel Mechanism for Phenotype Modulation (2007)

Numerous animal studies have demonstrated that adult marrow-derived cells can contribute to the cellular component of the lung. Lung injury is a major variable in this process; however, the mechanism remains unknown. We hypothesize that injured lung is capable of inducing epigenetic modifications of marrow cells, influencing them to assume phenotypic characteristics of lung cells. We report that under certain conditions, radiation-injured lung induced expression of pulmonary epithelial cell-specific genes and prosurfactant B protein in cocultured whole bone marrow cells separated by a cell-impermeable membrane. Lung-conditioned media had a similar effect on cocultured whole bone marrow cells and was found to contain pulmonary epithelial cell-specific RNA-filled microvesicles that entered whole bone marrow cells in culture. Also, whole bone marrow cells cocultured with lung had a greater propensity to produce type II pneumocytes after transplantation into irradiated mice. These findings demonstrate alterations of marrow cell phenotype by lung-derived microvesicles and suggest a novel mechanism for marrow cell-directed repair of injured tissue.
Hydrogen sulfide and translational medicine (2013)

Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) along with carbon monoxide and nitric oxide is an important signaling molecule that has undergone large numbers of fundamental investigations. H2S is involved in various physiological activities associated with the regulation of homeostasis, vascular contractility, pro- and anti-inflammatory activities, as well as pro- and anti-apoptotic activities etc. However, the actions of H2S are influenced by its concentration, reaction time, and cell/disease types. Therefore, H2S is a signaling molecule without definite effect. The use of existing H2S donors is limited because of the instant release and short lifetime of H2S. Thus, translational medicine involving the sustained and controlled release of H2S is of great value for both scientific and clinical uses. H2S donation can be manipulated by different ways, including where H2S is given, how H2S is donated, or the specific structures of H2S-releasing drugs and H2S donor molecules. This review briefly summarizes recent progress in research on the physiological and pathological functions of H2S and H2S-releasing drugs, and suggests hope for future investigations.
Atypical Ketoacidosis in Type 2 Diabetes (1998)

The clinical stereotype that divides diabetic patients into those who are thin and need insulin and those who are obese and do not need insulin can be misleading. Some patients with type 2 diabetes present with ketoacidosis and require insulin treatment. Many of them can be weaned from insulin, although they may require hypoglycemic therapy.
Gas‐phase products and secondary aerosol yields from the photooxidation of 16 different terpenes (2006)

The photooxidation of isoprene, eight monoterpenes, three oxygenated monoterpenes, and four sesquiterpenes were conducted individually at the Caltech Indoor Chamber Facility under atmospherically relevant HC:NO x ratios to monitor the time evolution and yields of SOA and gas‐phase oxidation products using PTR‐MS. Several oxidation products were calibrated in the PTR‐MS, including formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, formic acid, acetone, acetic acid, nopinone, methacrolein + methyl vinyl ketone; other oxidation products were inferred from known fragmentation patterns, such as pinonaldehyde; and other products were identified according to their mass to charge ( m / z ) ratio. Numerous unidentified products were formed, and the evolution of first‐ and second‐generation products was clearly observed. SOA yields from the different terpenes ranged from 1 to 68%, and the total gas‐ plus particle‐phase products accounted for ∼50–100% of the reacted carbon. The carbon mass balance was poorest for the sesquiterpenes, suggesting that the observed products were underestimated or that additional products were formed but not detected by PTR‐MS. Several second‐generation products from isoprene photooxidation, including m / z 113, and ions corresponding to glycolaldehyde, hydroxyacetone, methylglyoxal, and hydroxycarbonyls, were detected. The detailed time series and relative yields of identified and unidentified products aid in elucidating reaction pathways and structures for the unidentified products. Many of the unidentified products from these experiments were also observed within and above the canopy of a Ponderosa pine plantation, confirming that many products of terpene oxidation can be detected in ambient air using PTR‐MS, and are indicative of concurrent SOA formation.
Absence of PTHrP Nuclear Localization and Carboxyl Terminus Sequences Leads to Abnormal Brain Development and Function (2012)

We assessed whether the nuclear localization sequences (NLS) and C terminus of parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP) play critical roles in brain development and function. We used histology, immunohistochemistry, histomorphometry, Western blots and electrophysiological recordings to compare the proliferation and differentiation of neural stem cells, neuronal hippocampal synaptic transmission, and brain phenotypes including shape and structures, in Pthrp knock-in mice, which express PTHrP (1-84), a truncated form of the protein that is missing the NLS and the C-terminal region of the protein, and their wild-type littermates. Results showed that Pthrp knock-in mice display abnormal brain shape and structures; decreased neural cell proliferative capacity and increased apoptosis associated with up-regulation of cyclin dependent kinase inhibitors p16, p21, p27 and p53 and down-regulation of the Bmi-1 oncogene; delayed neural cell differentiation; and impaired hippocampal synaptic transmission and plasticity. These findings provide in vivo experimental evidence that the NLS and C-terminus of PTHrP are essential not only for the regulation of neural cell proliferation and differentiation, but also for the maintenance of normal neuronal synaptic transmission and plasticity.
Stratification by interferon-γ release assay level predicts risk of incident TB (2018)

Consistently, QFT demonstrates increased risk of incident TB with rising IFN-γ concentrations, indicating that IFN-γ levels may be used to guide targeted treatment of LTBI.
A Quantitative Examination of the Sources of Speech Discrimination Test Score Variability (1982)

Several sources of variability inherent in any speech discrimination measurement are outlined. Limitations of the use of the binomial theorem to predict intrasubject (test-retest) variability are examined. First, the underestimation of variability that is caused by the inclusion of items of different degrees of difficulty is quantified by a reanalysis of published data. Second, it is shown that variability will be larger than expected if the subject's ability is different during test and retest sessions. Fortuitously, these two deviations from the model have opposing effects on the score variability. The estimates provided by the binomial theorem are thus better than if only one effect was present. The need for a clear distinction to be maintained between inter- and intra-subject variability and the effect of list differences on test-retest variability are also discussed.