gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Low‐Cost Fetal Magnetocardiography: A Comparison of Superconducting Quantum Interference Device and Optically Pumped Magnetometers (2019)

Background Fetal magnetocardiography (fMCG) is a highly effective technique for evaluation of fetuses with life-threatening arrhythmia, but its dissemination has been constrained by the high cost and complexity of Superconducting Quantum Interference Device (SQUID) instrumentation. Optically pumped magnetometers (OPMs) are a promising new technology that can replace SQUIDs for many applications. This study compares the performance of an fMCG system, utilizing OPMs operating in a person-sized magnetic shield, to that of a conventional fMCG system, utilizing SQUID magnetometers operating in a magnetically shielded room. Methods and Results fMCG recordings were made in 24 subjects using the SQUID system with the mother lying supine in a magnetically shielded room and the OPM system with the mother lying prone in a person-sized, cylindrical shield. Signal-to-noise ratios of the OPM and SQUID recordings were not statistically different and were adequate for diagnostic purposes with both technologies. Although the environmental noise was higher using the small open-ended shield, this was offset by the higher signal amplitude achieved with prone positioning, which reduced the distance between the fetus and sensors and improved patient comfort. In several subjects, fMCG provided a differential diagnosis that was more precise and/or definitive than was possible with echocardiography alone. Conclusions The OPM-based system was portable, improved patient comfort, and performed as well as the SQUID-based system at a small fraction of the cost. Electrophysiological assessment of fetal rhythm is now practical and will have a major impact on management of fetuses with long QT syndrome and other life-threatening arrhythmias.
Curvature driven sampling of displacement maps (2002)

Displacement Mapping [Cook 1984] is commonly used in commercial rendering software for adding surface detail. In contrast to Bump Mapping not only the normal is perturbed, the surface is modified as well. A given point P on a surface is displaced to a new point P' in the direction of the surface normal of the point P, N scaled with the value stored in the Displacement Map:
Photoelectron Storage at the WO3/TiO2 Interface: Modeling in Ambient Conditions from First-Principles Calculations (2023)

Using first-principles calculations, we showed that the monoclinic WO3(001) preferentially forms a reconstructed monolayer on the anatase TiO2(001) surface. We thoroughly examined the structure of the WO3/TiO2 surface under ambient conditions, i.e., in equilibrium with gas-phase O2/H2O or H2/H2O under a range of pressure and temperature or in aqueous solution under a range of pH and electrochemical potential. Based on the WO3/TiO2 surface structures at different potentials, we proposed the proton-coupled electron-transfer (PCET) reaction pathway during charging and oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) pathways during discharging, which account for its reversible electron storage ability. With electronic structure analysis, we depicted the charge separation effect of WO3 on TiO2 and the electron storage effect of WO3.
Spin-current generation from Coulomb-Rashba interaction in semiconductor bilayers (2011)

Electrons in double-layer semiconductor heterostructures experience a special type of spin-orbit interaction that arises in each layer from the perpendicular component of the Coulomb electric field created by electron-density fluctuations in the other layer. We show that this interaction, acting in combination with the usual spin-orbit interaction, can generate a spin current in one layer when a charge current is driven in the other. This effect is distinct symmetrywise from the spin-Hall drag. The spin current is not, in general, perpendicular to the drive current.
High-sensitivity acoustic sensors from nanofibre webs (2016)

Abstract Considerable interest has been devoted to converting mechanical energy into electricity using polymer nanofibres. In particular, piezoelectric nanofibres produced by electrospinning have shown remarkable mechanical energy-to-electricity conversion ability. However, there is little data for the acoustic-to-electric conversion of electrospun nanofibres. Here we show that electrospun piezoelectric nanofibre webs have a strong acoustic-to-electric conversion ability. Using poly(vinylidene fluoride) as a model polymer and a sensor device that transfers sound directly to the nanofibre layer, we show that the sensor devices can detect low-frequency sound with a sensitivity as high as 266 mV Pa −1 . They can precisely distinguish sound waves in low to middle frequency region. These features make them especially suitable for noise detection. Our nanofibre device has more than five times higher sensitivity than a commercial piezoelectric poly(vinylidene fluoride) film device. Electrospun piezoelectric nanofibres may be useful for developing high-performance acoustic sensors.
Studies of swift heavy ion induced colour centres in LIF thin films deposited on silica substrates (2006)

Swift heavy ion induced colour centres in polycrystalline LiF thin films deposited on silica substrate were studied. LiF thin films of 200 nm thickness, deposited by the electron beam evaporation method, and silica substrates were irradiated with 120 MeV Au9+ ions in the fluence range 5 × 1010–1 × 1013 ions cm−2. Optical absorption, photoluminescence (PL) and glancing angle x-ray diffraction (GAXRD) techniques were used for the characterization of the irradiated films. Optical absorption spectroscopy was performed on irradiated LiF films by using irradiated silica substrates as reference sample. The resulting spectra show three bands at 260 nm, 380 nm and 445 nm corresponding to F, F3 and F2 colour centres, respectively. Absorbance of colour centres increases with fluence and seems to saturate at higher fluences. PL spectra, performed by an excitation source of 442 nm, show two broad bands of F2 and colour centres. The intensity of both the centres increases upto 3 × 1011 ions cm−2 followed by some decrease. The GAXRD results show that the average grain size decreases systematically from 35 nm for the pristine film to 20 nm for the sample irradiated at a fluence of 1 × 1013 ions cm−2.
Evaluation of Suture Abrasion Against Rotator Cuff Tendon and Proximal Humerus Bone (2007)

Although development of new suture materials has increased their failure strength, further advancements in suture material design should focus on decreasing soft-tissue abrasion properties and increasing strength to suture failure when cycled through bone.
Mileage efficiency and relative emission of automotive vehicles (2015)

Physics dictates that cars with small mass will travel more miles per gallon (mpg) compared to massive trucks. Does this imply that small cars are more efficient machines? In this work a mileage efficiency metric is defined as a ratio of actual car mileage (mpg) to the mileage of an ideal car. This metric allows comparison of efficiencies of cars with different masses and fuel types. It is as useful to quantify efficiencies of cars as the concept of drag coefficient is to quantify the efficacy of their aerodynamic shapes. Maximum mileage and lowest CO2 emission of conventional gasoline cars, at different driving schedules, is reported based on the concept of an ideal car. This can help put government imposed standards in a rigorous context.
In situviscometry of high-pressure melts in the Paris–Edinburgh cell: application to liquid FeS (2010)

International audience
Sonoporation of Ganoderma lucidum Mycelium for High Biomass and Exopolysaccharide Productivity in Submerged Culture (2016)

Ganoderma lucidum, known as Lingzhi in China and Reishi in Japan, is a famous medicinal mushroom that is commonly produced by solid-state fermentation. Recently, submerged culture has been considered as a promising alternative for production of G. lucidum. Herein, to provide a theoretical base for preparation of a homogenous inoculum for G. lucidum submerged culture we investigated the effect of sonoporation on G. lucidum mycelium. Submerged culture was also evaluated using the sonoporated mycelium. Microscopic investigation indicated that the mycelial pellets (0.55 g, dry weight) contained in 60 mL solution were almost completely disappeared within 20 s by sonoporation (20 kHz and 125 w). The homogenate obtained after sonoporation had a 3.7510 6 cfu/mL cell concentration. The sonoporation caused rapid leakage of intracellular protein that increased linearly with time. The metabolic activity of the cells decreased rapidly after sonoporation. Sonoporation also negatively affected laccase activity. When the homogenate was used at 4.76% (v/v) inoculum level, the cultures produced biomass and exopolysaccharide of 15.75 and 0.54 g/L, respectively; these values were 129.26 and 45.95% higher than that of the control culture using a pellet-type inoculum without sonoporation. Optimal inoculum size was 5.88-6.97% (v/v). We conclude that sonoporation is an effective method for homogenization of G. lucidum mycelium, and sonoporated mycelium can improve productivity significantly in G. lucidum submerged culture and requires lower levels of starting inoculum.
Recent advances in adrenocortical carcinoma in adults (2013)

These recent findings will provide more evidence-based recommendations in the future to better assist clinicians in the management of patients with ACC. However, there is still an important need to understand the molecular mechanisms underlying this disease to design better therapeutic approaches.
Universal Human Papillomavirus Typing Assay: Whole-Genome Sequencing following Target Enrichment (2017)

We designed a universal human papillomavirus (HPV) typing assay based on target enrichment and whole-genome sequencing (eWGS). The RNA bait included 23,941 probes targeting 191 HPV types and 12 probes targeting beta-globin as a control. We used the Agilent SureSelect XT2 protocol for library preparation, Illumina HiSeq 2500 for sequencing, and CLC Genomics Workbench for sequence analysis. Mapping stringency for type assignment was determined based on 8 (6 HPV-positive and 2 HPV-negative) control samples. Using the optimal mapping conditions, types were assigned to 24 blinded samples. eWGS results were 100% concordant with Linear Array (LA) genotyping results for 9 plasmid samples and fully or partially concordant for 9 of the 15 cervical-vaginal samples, with 95.83% overall type-specific concordance for LA genotyping. eWGS identified 7 HPV types not included in the LA genotyping. Since this method does not involve degenerate primers targeting HPV genomic regions, PCR bias in genotype detection is minimized. With further refinements aimed at reducing cost and increasing throughput, this first application of eWGS for universal HPV typing could be a useful method to elucidate HPV epidemiology.
Conjugation of nucleic acid probes to 6-aminoglucose-based homo- and copolymers. II. Application to diagnostics (1997)

The covalent immobilization of oligodeoxynucleotides to a 6-deoxy-6-methacryloylamido-d-glucopyranose (6-amino glucose) homopolymer and a 36% hydroxyethylmethacrylate (HEMA) copolymer was studied in order to make oligodeoxynucleotide–polymer conjugates of potential applications in diagnostics. The reducing ends of the saccharidic moieties of the (co)polymers served as reactive groups for the covalent attachment of 5′-amino-modified oligodeoxyribonucleotides via reductive amination. The course of the immobilization reaction was slightly affected by the polymer composition, but differences were marked as far as the aggregation of the conjugates was concerned. Evaluation of the conjugates in the quantification of hepatitis B virus DNA allowed amplification factors identical to the reference polymer. Amplification was the most efficient with conjugates obtained, at low pH, with the copolymer. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Targeted gastrointestinal tract homing of regulatory T-cells reduces acute graft-versus-host disease severity by simulating an increase in Treg dose in vivo (2021)

Abstract Damage to the gastrointestinal (GI) tract following hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) has been shown to drive the development of acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD). We have demonstrated clinically that infusing regulatory T-cells (Treg) during HSCT reduces aGVHD risk while supporting immune recovery; however, high Treg doses were necessary. Here we demonstrate that by promoting Treg homing to the GI tract early post-HSCT, aGVHD severity was reduced. Ex vivo expanded murine Treg were retrovirally transduced to overexpress the orphan chemoattractant receptor GPR15 for colon specific T-cell homing. Despite no change in Treg phenotype or in vitro suppressive function when administered to HSCT recipient mice at the time of transplantation, mice that received GPR15+ Treg exhibited significantly reduced aGVHD severity and prolonged survival compared to control Treg mice (p = 0.0035). To confirm that this resulted from an increased Treg accumulation in the GI tissues, we then assessed the frequency and retention of GPR15+ Treg in mice post-HSCT by in vivo and ex vivo bioluminescent imaging as well as flow analysis. From these data, we observed not only superior localization of GPR15+ Treg within GI tissues, but also significantly reduced inflammation and tissue damage in GPR15+ Treg recipient mice early post-HSCT. Our data provides evidence that deliberate targeting of ex vivo expanded Treg to the GI tract during HSCT significantly reduces injury to the GI tract and reduces aGVHD severity by simulating an increase in Treg dose in vivo. These data provide a rational for the future development of clinical Treg products for increased control of GI aGVHD following HSCT.
High-resolution microencapsulated electrophoretic display (EPD) driven by poly-si TFTs with four-level grayscale (2002)

A high-resolution active-matrix microencapsulated electrophoretic display (EPD) driven by polycrystalline-silicon thin-film transistors (poly-Si TFTs) with integrated drivers has been developed for the first feasibility study of electronic paper. The poly-Si TFTs were fabricated with a low temperature process below 425/spl deg/C. Microencapsulated electrophoretic material was coated on the TFT backplane, which was driven at 18 V. The resolution of the display is quarter VGA (video graphics array), and pixel pitch is 131 ppi (pixels per inch). As a result, this display offers a wide viewing angle, high contrast ratio and nonvolatilization of data. In addition, four-level grayscale images were also achieved by using an area ratio grayscale (ARG) driving method.
Beneficial effect of aurothiomalate on murine malaria (2010)

Sodium aurothiomalate influences the survival of Plasmodium berghei-infected mice, an effect only partially explained by stimulation of eryptosis.
Crystal structure of Mycobacterium tuberculosis malate synthase in complex with 2-F-3-Methyl-6-F-phenyldiketoacid (2018)

Human infection by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) continues to be a global epidemic. Computer-aided drug design (CADD) methods are used to accelerate traditional drug discovery efforts. One noncovalent interaction that is being increasingly identified in biological systems but is neglected in CADD is the anion-π interaction. The study reported herein supports the conclusion that anion-π interactions play a central role in directing the binding of phenyl-diketo acid (PDKA) inhibitors to malate synthase (GlcB), an enzyme required for Mycobacterium tuberculosis virulence. Using density functional theory methods (M06-2X/6-31+G(d)), a GlcB active site template was developed for a predictive model through a comparative analysis of PDKA-bound GlcB crystal structures. The active site model includes the PDKA molecule and the protein determinants of the electrostatic, hydrogen-bonding, and anion-π interactions involved in binding. The predictive model accurately determines the Asp 633-PDKA structural position upon binding and precisely predicts the relative binding enthalpies of a series of 2-ortho halide-PDKAs to GlcB. A screening model was also developed to efficiently assess the propensity of each PDKA analog to participate in an anion-π interaction; this method is in good agreement with both the predictive model and the experimental binding enthalpies for the 2-ortho halide-PDKAs. With the screening and predictive models in hand, we have developed an efficient method for computationally screening and evaluating the binding enthalpy of variously substituted PDKA molecules. This study serves to illustrate the contribution of this overlooked interaction to binding affinity and demonstrates the importance of integrating anion-π interactions into structure-based CADD.
A comparison of phospholipid and platelets in the activation of human factor VIII by thrombin and factor Xa, and in the activation of factor X (1988)

Two aspects of the activation of factor X by the intrinsic clotting pathway have been studied in purified human systems, in the presence of either purified phosphatidylserine:phosphatidylcholine vesicles (PS:PC) or platelets activated with ionophore A23187: (1) the activation of factor VIII by factor Xa and by thrombin, and (2) the activation of factor X by the factor IXa/VIIIa complex. Factor VIII activation by thrombin was unaffected in either rate or extent by the presence of PS:PC or activated platelets. In contrast, factor VIII activation by factor Xa required either PS:PC or platelets. The products of optimal factor VIII activation by the two enzymes, designated factor VIIIa(T) and factor VIIIa(Xa), are kinetically different in the activation of factor X by factor IXa, factor VIIIa(T) being approximately twice as active (in factor X activation) as factor VIIIa(Xa) in the presence of PS:PC or platelets. Factor VIIIa(Xa) can be converted to the more active VIIIa(T) by thrombin treatment, but the activity of factor VIIIa(T) is unchanged by factor Xa treatment. Factor X activation was also studied with optimally activated factor VIIIa(T), in the presence of PS:PC or activated platelets, as a function of factor IXa concentration in order to determine the apparent dissociation constant for the factor IXa-VIIIa interaction in the two cases. Activated platelets increased the apparent affinity more than fivefold.
High luminance FED (2009)

This paper discusses the prototype of a TFT-controlled high-luminance FED was fabricated. High luminance operation is demonstrated even at low anode voltage that is due to the built-in memory function. Ultra-high luminance operation is expected at a higher anode voltage.
Waveguides for walking droplets (2015)

When gently placing a droplet onto a vertically vibrated bath, a drop can bounce without coalescing. Upon increasing the forcing acceleration, the droplet is propelled by the wave it generates and becomes a walker with a well defined speed. We investigate the confinement of a walker in different rectangular cavities, used as waveguides for the Faraday waves emitted by successive droplet bounces. By studying the walker velocities, we discover that 1d confinement is optimal for narrow channels of width of $D \simeq 1.5 λ_F $. We also propose an analogy with waveguide models based on the observation of the Faraday instability within the channels.
The Future of Contrast-Enhanced Magnetic Resonance Angiography (1998)

From the Research Laboratories, Schering AG, Berlin, Germany. Currently at Berlex Laboratories, Montville, NJ. Reprint requests: Andreas Mühler, Berlex Laboratories, Diagnostic Imaging, 340 Changebridge Road, Montville, NJ 07045-1000; e-mail: [email protected].
A Survey of Exploration Methods in Reinforcement Learning (2021)

Exploration is an essential component of reinforcement learning algorithms, where agents need to learn how to predict and control unknown and often stochastic environments. Reinforcement learning agents depend crucially on exploration to obtain informative data for the learning process as the lack of enough information could hinder effective learning. In this article, we provide a survey of modern exploration methods in (Sequential) reinforcement learning, as well as a taxonomy of exploration methods.
Locking and Latching in a Memory-Resident Database System (1992)

As part of the Starburst extensible database project developed at the IBM Almaden Research Center, we designed and implemented a memory-resident storage component that co-exists with Starburst&amp;apos;s diskoriented storage component. The two storage components share the same common services, such as query optimization, transaction management, etc. However, the memory-resident storage component is faster than the disk-oriented storage component and hence needs faster run-time services. This paper examines two runtime services, the lock manager and the latch mechanism, and investigates possible cost-cutting measures. We propose the use of of a single latch for protecting a table, all of its indexes, and all of its related lock information, in order to reduce storage component latch costs. We then show that although a table-level latch is a large granule latch, it does not significantly restrict concurrency. We also examine traditional lock manager design and suggest a different design that is a...
Extrinsic labeling of Fe in maize, lentil and bean meals does not fully equilibrate with intrinsic Fe (2013)

Extrinsic isotopic labeling of food Fe has been used for over 50 years to measure Fe absorption. This method is based on the assumption that complete equilibration occurs between the extrinsic and the intrinsic Fe prior to absorption. The present study tested this assumption via use of simulated in vitro digestion of varieties of maize, white beans, black beans, red beans and lentils. Prior to digestion, foods were extrinsically labeled with 58 Fe at concentrations of 1, 10, 50 and 100% of the intrinsic Fe. Comparison of Fe solubility was used as the first measure of equilibration. In almost all foods, significantly more of the extrinsic Fe (up to 2–3 times) partitioned into the supernatant. The effect varied depending upon the seed coat color (ie. beans, suggesting polyphenols play a role), and the concentration of the extrinsic Fe. There was no crop in this study that consistently demonstrated equal equilibration of the extrinsic Fe with the intrinsic Fe. Moreover, different varieties of a crop exhibited different patterns of extrinsic and intrinsic Fe solubility. These observations call into question the accuracy of Fe absorption studies where isotopic extrinsic Fe was used to evaluate Fe absorption and bioavailability. It suggests that intrinsic labeling of Fe is necessary for accurate measurement of Fe absorption. Funded by USDA‐ARS.