gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Hot flue gas filtration: Laboratory tests and projected cost of a combined sorbent injection/filtration technique (2000)

This manuscript provides an update on the technology of flue gas filtration at high temperatures. In this technology the synergistic effects of sorbent injection and filtration are exploited. Calcium-based (or sodium-based) sorbents are sprayed in the post-flame zone of a furnace. The sorbent reacts with sulfur and chlorine in the furnace effluent to form stable salts of calcium. The partially-reacted sorbent is then collected in the filter, which is placed downstream of the sorbent injection point. The sorbent continues to react in the filter for a prolonged period of time. The primary advantage of this technique is that both the likelihood of contact and the period of contact between the solid sorbent particles and the gaseous pollutants (such as SO{sub 2}, H{sub 2}S, HCl, etc.) increase, since reaction takes place in the furnace upstream of the filter as well as inside the filter itself. Hence, the sorbent utilization (i.e., the conversion of sorbent CaO to CaSO{sub 4}, CaSO{sub 3}, CaCl{sub 2}, etc.) increases significantly. The filter is cleaned with periodic aerodynamic regeneration (backpulsing). Using this technique, most of the pollutants, such as SO{sub 2}, H{sub 2}S, HCl and particulate (soot, ash and tar) can be removed from the effluent. Anymore » unburned carbon in the ash may be completely oxidized in the filter. Formation of dioxins in the effluent at lower temperatures should be minimized, since their precursors are captured by the filter. Results show That the sorbent/filter method appears to be less expensive than current technologies, on both capital cost ($/kW) and levelized coat ($/ton pollutant removed) bases, if a limestone/coal mixture is used as the sorbent for the fossil fuel plants. Capital costs for the filter/sorbent combination should be under $63/kW for a new plant, while those for a state of the art compounded wet limestone FGD/SCR/fabric filter at $250--400/kW. Since the existing technologies are designed for removing one pollutant at a time both their cost and space requirement are much higher than those of the technique discussed herein. Moreover, the levelized costs are projected to be as low as $103/ton of combined pollutant SO{sub 2} and NO{sub x} and particulates removed.« less
Genetic characterization of primary and metastatic high-grade serous ovarian cancer tumors reveals distinct features associated with survival (2023)

High-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSC) is the most lethal histotype of ovarian cancer and the majority of cases present with metastasis and late-stage disease. Over the last few decades, the overall survival for patients has not significantly improved, and there are limited targeted treatment options. We aimed to better characterize the distinctions between primary and metastatic tumors based on short- or long-term survival. We characterized 39 matched primary and metastatic tumors by whole exome and RNA sequencing. Of these, 23 were short-term (ST) survivors (overall survival (OS) < 3.5 years) and 16 were long-term (LT) survivors (OS > 5 years). We compared somatic mutations, copy number alterations, mutational burden, differential gene expression, immune cell infiltration, and gene fusion predictions between the primary and metastatic tumors and between ST and LT survivor cohorts. There were few differences in RNA expression between paired primary and metastatic tumors, but significant differences between the transcriptomes of LT and ST survivors in both their primary and metastatic tumors. These findings will improve the understanding of the genetic variation in HGSC that exist between patients with different prognoses and better inform treatments by identifying new targets for drug development.
Induction of Helicity in Poly(n-hexyl isocyanate) with Terminal Chiral Residues (2006)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunication to the...Communication to the EditorNEXTInduction of Helicity in Poly(n-hexyl isocyanate) with Terminal Chiral ResiduesG. Yogendra Nath, Shashadhar Samal, Sang-Yoon Park, C. N. Murthy, and Jae-Suk LeeView Author Information Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Center for Advanced Materials Research and Education (CAMRE), Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), 1 Oryong-dong, Buk-gu Gwangju 500-712, Korea, and Applied Chemistry Department, Faculty of Technology and Engineering, The M. S. University of Baroda, Vadodora 390001, India Cite this: Macromolecules 2006, 39, 18, 5965–5966Publication Date (Web):August 11, 2006Publication History Received27 July 2006Revised31 July 2006Published online11 August 2006Published inissue 1 September 2006https://doi.org/10.1021/ma061710dCopyright © 2006 American Chemical SocietyRIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views577Altmetric-Citations32LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit Read OnlinePDF (118 KB) Get e-AlertsSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Anions,Monomers,Polymerization,Polymers,Pyridines Get e-Alerts
High-Performance Organic Field-Effect Transistors Based on π-Extended Tetrathiafulvalene Derivatives (2005)

Aromatic ring-condensed TTF derivatives exhibited excellent p-type FET performances in thin films. Introduction of fused benzene and pyrazine rings to the TTF skeleton was effective to enhance the intermolecular interactions and stability to oxygen. Ordered molecular alignment was confirmed by XRD studies. A pi-stacking structure was observed in the single crystal of diquinoxalinoTTF.
PREPARATION OF AMMONIUM POLYPHOSPHATE AND ITS APPLICATION TO FLAME RETARDANT (2009)

Ammonium polyphosphate forms II, V, and VI have been prepared by new preparation processes using ammonium orthophosphate, urea and/or phosphorus pentaoxide as starting materials. The preparation processes are very useful for a large scale preparation in a factory. These crystal phases of APP showed flame retardant effect to organic polymer materials. The order of flame retardation effect among the phases was V > II > VI ≥ I.
Evolution of the magic bullet: Single chain antibody fragments for the targeted delivery of immunomodulatory proteins (2017)

Immunocytokines are fusion proteins that combine the specific antigen binding capacities of an antibody or derivative thereof and the potent bioactivity of a cytokine partner. These novel biopharmaceuticals have been directed to various targets of oncological as well as non-oncological origin and a handful of promising constructs are currently advancing in the clinical trial pipeline. Several factors such as the choice of a disease specific antigen, the antibody format and the modulatory nature of the payload are crucial, not only for therapeutic efficacy and safety but also for the commercial success of such a product. In this review, we provide an overview of the basic principles and obstacles in immunocytokine design with a specific focus on single chain antibody fragment-based constructs that employ interleukins as the immunoactive component. Impact statement Selective activation of the immune system in a variety of malignancies represents an attractive approach when existing strategies have failed to provide adequate treatment options. Immunocytokines as a novel class of bifunctional protein therapeutics have emerged recently and generated promising results in preclinical and clinical studies. In order to harness their full potential, multiple different aspects have to be taken into consideration. Several key points of these fusion constructs are discussed here and should provide an outline for the development of novel products based on an overview of selected formats.
Micro- and nanofabrication methods in nanotechnological medical and pharmaceutical devices (2006)

Micro- and nanofabrication techniques have revolutionized the pharmaceutical and medical fields as they offer the possibility for highly reproducible mass-fabrication of systems with complex geometries and functionalities, including novel drug delivery systems and bionsensors. The principal micro- and nanofabrication techniques are described, including photolithography, soft lithography, film deposition, etching, bonding, molecular self assembly, electrically induced nanopatterning, rapid prototyping, and electron, X-ray, colloidal monolayer, and focused ion beam lithography. Application of these techniques for the fabrication of drug delivery and biosensing systems including injectable, implantable, transdermal, and mucoadhesive devices is described.
Green Organoselenium Chemistry: Selective Syntheses of New 1,4-Thiaselenine Derivatives Based on Reactions of Thiaselenole Reagent with Alcohols and Water (2023)

Environmentally friendly synthetic methods were developed for the selective preparation of new 2,3-dihydro-1,4-thiaselenine derivatives in high yields based on the reactions of 2-bromomethyl-1,3-thiaselenole with alcohols and water at room temperature. The reaction of 2-bromomethyl-1,3-thiaselenole with alcohols was accompanied by a rearrangement with ring extension, leading to six-membered heterocyclic compounds, a new family of 2-organyloxy-2,3-dihydro-1,4-thiaselenines, in 80–96% yields. The remarkable cascade reactions of 2-bromomethyl-1,3-thiaselenole with water afforded 2,3-dihydro-1,4-thiaselenines functionalized with the (Z)-S-CH=CH-Se fragment and one or two highly reactive aldehyde groups. The latter aldehydes were functionalized by the reactions with alcohols and glycols to give new polyfunctionalized compounds, containing two double bonds, two sulfur atoms, two selenium atoms, and two or four oxygen atoms, in high yields.
Comparison of Cryptococcus gattii/neoformans Species Complex to Related Genera (Papiliotrema and Naganishia) Reveal Variances in Virulence Associated Factors and Antifungal Susceptibility (2021)

Cryptococcosis is an infectious disease of worldwide distribution, caused by encapsulated yeasts belonging to the phylum Basidiomycota. The genus Cryptococcus includes several species distributed around the world. The C. gattii / neoformans species complex is largely responsible for most cases of cryptococcosis. However, clinical series have been published of infections caused by Papiliotrema ( Cryptococcus ) laurentii and Naganishia albida ( Cryptococcus albidus ), among other related genera. Here, we examined the pathogenic potential and antifungal susceptibility of C. gattii / neoformans species complex (clades I and II) and related genera ( Papiliotrema and Naganishia ) isolated from environmental and clinical samples. P . laurentii (clade III), N . liquefasciens/N. albidosimilis (clade IV) ; and N. adeliensis / N . albida (clade V) strains produced higher levels of phospholipase and hemolysins, whereas the C. gattii / neoformans species complex strains (clades I and II) had markedly thicker capsules, produced more biofilm biomass and melanin, which are known virulence attributes. Interestingly, 40% of C . neoformans strains (clade II) had MICs above the ECV established for this species to amphotericin B. Several non- C. gattii / neoformans species complex (clades III to V) had MICs equal to or above the ECVs established for C. deuterogattii and C. neoformans for all the three antifungal drugs tested. Finally, all the non- C. gattii/neoformans clinical isolates (clades III to V) produced more melanin than the environmental isolates might reflect their particularly enhanced need for melanin during in vivo protection. It is very clear that C. gattii / neoformans species complex (clades I and II) strains, in general, show more similar virulence phenotypes between each other when compared to non- C. gattii / neoformans species complex (clades III to V) isolates. These observations together with the fact that P . laurentii and Naganishia spp. (clades III to V) strains were collected from the outside of a University Hospital, identify features of these yeasts important for environmental and patient colonization and furthermore, define mechanisms for infections with these uncommon pathogens.
Performance of Argon-Xenon Mixtures in a Gas Proportional Scintillation Counter for the 0.1–10 keV X-Ray Region (2009)

The performance of a gas proportional scintillation counter filled with either pure Xe or Ar-Xe mixtures is described for the 0.1-10 keV X-ray energy range. It is shown that the spectra tail distortion exhibited by Xe filled gaseous detectors for soft X-rays below 2 keV is reduced if Ar-Xe mixtures are used. The peak-to-valley ratio increases by a factor of about 2 or 3 as the Xe concentration is reduced from 100% to 5%. Moreover, the energy resolutions for such mixtures are similar to the ones for pure Xe.
Go with the Flow: Improving Multi-view Vehicle Detection with Motion Cues (2014)

As vehicles travel through a scene, changes in aspect ratio and appearance as observed from a camera (or an array of cameras) make vehicle detection a difficult computer vision problem. Rather than relying solely on appearance cues, we propose a framework for detecting vehicles and eliminating false positives by utilizing the motion cues in the scene in addition to the appearance cues. As a case study, we focus on overtaking vehicle detection in a freeway setting from forward and rear views of the ego-vehicle. The proposed integration occurs in two steps. First, motion-based vehicle detection is performed using optical flow. Taking advantage of epipolar constraints, salient motion vectors are extracted and clustered using spectral clustering to form bounding boxes of vehicle candidates. Post-processing and outlier removal further refine the detections. Second, the motion-based detections are then combined with the output of an appearance-based vehicle detector to reduce false positives and produce the final vehicle detections.
An on-chip 96.5% current efficiency CMOS linear regulator using a flexible control technique of output current (2001)

This paper proposes an on-chip 96.5% current efficiency CMOS linear regulator using a flexible control technique of output current (FCOC). By the use of the FCOC technique, the proposed circuit realizes flexible output current drive according to the load current variation. Therefore, the proposed linear regulator ran supply stable output voltage using the FCOC technique. The linear regulator is fabricated by double-metal 1.2-/spl mu/m CMOS technology. The number of transistors is 46 and the die size is 0.423 mm/sup 2/. The fabricated linear regulator achieves a fluctuation of output voltage less than 6.81 mV/sub p-p/ at a frequency of output current f(I/sub out/) ranging from 1.8 Hz to 100 MHz. Moreover, the fabricated on-chip CMOS linear regulator can achieve 96.5% current efficiency.
Autologous platelet kinetics in patients with severe thrombocytopenia: discrimination between disorders of production and destruction. (1991)

Measurements of platelet survival and turnover in severe thrombocytopenia have proven difficult to perform and interpret. To examine the mechanisms by which platelet life span is reduced and to determine the capacity of platelet kinetic studies to discriminate between increased platelet destruction and impaired platelet production in patients with moderate to severe thrombocytopenia, we developed a modified method for labeling autologous platelets with indium-111-oxine (which increases labeling efficiency, reduces the required volumes of blood, and decreases platelet manipulation in vitro) and conducted a prospective study in 26 patients with thrombocytopenia. Seventeen patients had megakaryocytic hypoplasia (platelet count 51 x 10(9)/L, range 10 x 10(9)/L to 150 x 10(9)/L; reduced megakaryocytes in marrow smears and biopsy sample), nine patients had clinical idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) (platelet count 79 x 10(9)/L, range 19 x 10(9)/L to 150 x 10(9)/L; normal to increased megakaryocytes with otherwise normal marrow, and seven patients displayed the presence of autoantibodies directed against platelet glycoproteins IIb-IIIa or Ib). Although platelet life span was shortened in all patients, the average platelet survival time measured in patients with megakaryocyte hypoplasia was substantially longer than that measured in patients with ITP. Only platelet survival times measured in patients with megakaryocyte hypoplasia were predicted by the degree of thrombocytopenia. Platelet turnover was reduced in all patients with megakaryocytic hypoplasia but was variable in the patients with ITP. Platelet turnover values correlated with circulating platelet counts in patients with marrow hypoplasia but not in the patients with ITP.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Novel Sigma Binding Site Ligands as Inhibitors of Cell Proliferation in Breast Cancer (2003)

Sigma receptors, namely sigma1 and sigma2, have been shown to be expressed in a variety of human cell lines playing a role in cell growth. In the human breast, they are absent in normal mammary tissue but expressed in tumors, particularly in the proliferating stage. The study presented here concerns nine newly synthesized ligands for sigma receptors. The compounds are of general structure consisting of: five (1alpha/1beta-arylalkyl)quinolizidines including two thioisosteres and four spiro-[3,4-dihydro-1,2,4-benzotriazino-3,4'-(1'-substituted) piperidines]. These compounds exhibited varying degrees of affinity for sigma receptors and were able to inhibit the growth of MCF-7 and MDA-MB 231 human breast cancer cell lines, in vitro. Good to moderate binding to at receptors occurred with all tested ligands. However, affinity for sigma2 appeared more evident with compounds FN/C-2 and FN/C-4 (spiro-[3,4-dihydro-1,2,4-benzotriazino-3,4'-(1'-substituted) piperidines] derivatives). In addition, higher cytotoxic activity of FN/C-2 and FN/C-4 with IC50 values below 100 microM in MCF-7 and lower than 40 microM in MDA-MB 231 was revealed. The data from the current study show that these novel sigma receptor ligands exhibit interesting cytotoxic activity and suggest their potential for development as antitumor agents.
Abstract 1715: First in class inhibitors of ERAP1 have the potential to be a transformative immunotherapy in oncology (2021)

Abstract Clinical data demonstrates increased antigen presentation diversity is an important factor in determining response rates to checkpoint inhibitors. In addition to tumor mutational burden, increased HLA heterozygosity and HLA evolutionary diversity are non-overlapping factors which further diversify the immunopeptidome and improve clinical response to checkpoint therapies. Endoplasmic reticulum aminopeptidase 1 (ERAP1) is an enzyme that trims peptides loaded into classical and nonclassical MHC Class I molecules. Human genome-wide association studies have identified single nucleotide polymorphisms within ERAP1 that are associated with immune-related diseases, such as ankylosing spondylitis, providing human genetic validation for ERAP1's role in human disease and antigen presentation. Further, ablation of mouse ERAAP modifies the immunopeptidome, resulting in improved immunogenicity, generation of CD8+ T cell responses and tumor growth inhibition. Grey Wolf Therapeutics have developed highly potent and selective ERAP1 inhibitors. These inhibitors demonstrate significant modulation of the cancer-related antigen repertoire across diverse ERAP1 and HLA genotypes and cancer-type backgrounds, both in vitro and in vivo. These changes in the antigen repertoire drive changes in T cell activation and response, leading to increased T cell infiltration into CT26 syngeneic tumors and T cell receptor (TCR) diversification when combined with anti-PD-1. We have identified immune related markers that are modulated following ERAP1 inhibition in syngeneic tumor models which have the potential to be used as biomarkers. Importantly, ERAP1 inhibitor induced immunopeptidome and T cell changes lead to significant tumor growth inhibition in syngeneic mouse models when combined with anti-PD-1. In parallel, we have demonstrated the ability of ERAP1 inhibitor induced novel cancer associated antigens to stimulate human CD8+ T cell responses. Extensive assessment of the potential of ERAP1 inhibitors to enhance tumor immune responses in combination with additional therapies (e.g. chemotherapy and radiotherapy), across different tumor microenvironments, is ongoing. These data provide the foundation from which we plan to explore the potential of our first-in-class ERAP1 inhibitor development candidate in the clinic. Citation Format: Andrew Leishman, Fergus Poynton, Nicola Ternette, Elisa Lori, Camila de Almeida, Henry Leonard, Emma Reeves, Edd James, Kristopher Clark, Carmen Tong, Jason Shiers, Martin Quibell, Peter Ian Joyce. First in class inhibitors of ERAP1 have the potential to be a transformative immunotherapy in oncology [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2021; 2021 Apr 10-15 and May 17-21. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2021;81(13_Suppl):Abstract nr 1715.
P704The role of 18FDG PET/TC in addressing cardiac masses malignancy (2018)

Pericardial disease -Tumors of the heart / Congenital heart disease therapeutic considerations 107 mean follow up of 55 months, the risk of death was higher in PE patients (HR 1.59: 95% CI 1.37-1.85, p<0.0001). Stratifying for the main disease, PE is associated with unfavourable outcome in all available subgroups: pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) HR 1.53 (95% CI: 1.22-1.92; p<0.0001), chronic heart failure (CHF) HR 1.53 (95% CI: 1.22-1.92; p<0.0001), myocardial infarction HR 2.65 (95% CI: 1.4-4.99; p=0.003), malignancies HR 1.75 (95% CI: 1.09-2.81, p=0.021). The lack of data concerning the idiopathic pericardial effusion does not permit a secure risk assessment but the average incidence of mortality is 14.5% (95% CI: 7.7-25.6).
Self-consistent rate equation modelling of a Terahertz GaAs/AlGaAs quantum-cascade laser (2003)

In this work, electron transport in GaAs/AlGaAs quantum cascade lasers operating at far-infrared wavelengths is calculated self-consistently using an intersubband scattering model. Subband populations and carrier transition rates are calculated and all relevant electron-electron and electron-LO phonon scatterings between the injector/collector and active region levels (13-levels in total) are included. Employing an energy balance equation which includes the influence of both electron-LO phonon and electron-electron scattering, the method also includes the evaluation of the electron temperature of the non-equilibrium carrier distributions in the device. The calculated threshold currents (J/sub th/ = 250-300 kA/cm/sup 2/) and electric field-current density characteristics (current saturation is predicted at /spl sim/680 A/cm/sup 2/), are in good qualitative and quantitative agreement with measurements in a recent experimental realization (Kohler et al, Nature, vol. 417, pp. 156-159, 2002). Due to the increased influence on electron-electron scatterings, the electron temperature is found to be more sensitive to the current density than in mid-infrared devices. The technique promises to be a powerful tool for the optimization of new, improved Terahertz quantum cascade lasers.