gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effect of vasodilatators on the structure of the aorta in normotensive ageing rats. (1987)

The effects of hypertension and its treatment on the function and structure of arteries have been extensively studied, but no data are yet available on the effect of hypotensive drugs on the large arteries in normotensive rats. Two groups of 11-month-old normotensive breeder male rats were treated for 5 months, one with an angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor (MK-421, 2 mg/kg per day; n = 10) and the other with dihydralazine (15 mg/kg per day; n = 8). A group of 14 rats served as controls. Blood pressure was recorded every 14 days by the tail-cuff method. At the end of the treatment period (5 months), the rats were killed under anaesthesia and the descending thoracic aorta was removed and fixed. The different components of the aorta were assessed by automated morphometric image analysis after specific coloration of elastin (orceine), collagen (sirius red) and nuclei (haematoxylin after periodic acid oxidation. Both the ACE inhibitor and dihydralazine caused similar decreases in systolic blood pressure (SBP) compared with controls. This hypotensive effect was associated with a reduction in medial thickness, from 120 +/- 15 microns in controls to 104 +/- 9 microns in ACE inhibitor-treated and 103 +/- 10 microns in dihydralazine-treated normotensive rats. Elastin density significantly increased in the two treatment groups but the greatest increase was in the dihydralazine-treated group (P less than 0.001). Elastin fibre thickness increased significantly in the dihydralazine-treated group only. Collagen density was not significantly modified by either treatment.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Impediments to Secretion of Green Fluorescent Protein and Its Fusion from Saccharomyces cerevisiae (2002)

While it has been demonstrated that GFP-tagged proteins were transported to their correct cellular compartments in most cells, attempts to secrete GFP/GFP-fusion through the default secretory pathway have not been as successful. In an attempt to induce secretion of GFP and Hexokinase (HXK)-GFP fusion in Saccharomycescerevisiae, we have cloned constructs that employed four different yeast secretion signal sequences, i.e., INU1, SUC2, PHO5, and MEL1. The expression is under the control of the galactose-inducible GAL1 promoter. Our results showed that all eight constructs entered the secretory pathway successfully, and the signal peptides were all cleaved off. However, none of the eight constructs were able to lead to secretion into the culture media or the periplasmic space. The expression levels of the eight constructs differ dramatically, depending on both the signal peptide and whether GFP was fused with HXK. Confocal microscopy studies revealed that the eight constructs also led to very different localization patterns. Among them, two constructs targeted GFP to the vacuole partially or exclusively, whereas others were mostly retained in the ER/Golgi compartments. Our efforts, together with those of others, seem to suggest that the signal peptide itself is not enough to lead to secretion of GFP from S. cerevisiae, although it has been successful in some other organisms. Nonetheless, the advantage of GFP's in vivo detection makes it a powerful tool for investigating protein localization events.
A near-infrared fluorescent probe for the selective detection of HNO in living cells and in vivo (2015)

Nitroxyl (HNO), the one-electron reduced and protonated analogue of nitric oxide (NO), demonstrates distinctive bio-pharmacological effects in the treatment of cardiovascular disorders. Herein, we design and synthesize a near-infrared (NIR) metal-free fluorescent probe Cyto-JN for the detection of nitroxyl (HNO) in living cells and in vivo. The metal-free Cyto-JN is composed of two moieties: the Aza-BODIPY fluorophore and the HNO recognition unit, the diphenylphosphinobenzoyl group. Cyto-JN can react with HNO in a 1 : 1 stoichiometry, which may bring great benefit to the detection efficiency of bioassays. Cyto-JN shows high sensitivity toward HNO and exhibits low cytotoxic effect on cells. Moreover, the probe displays good selectivity for the detection of HNO in the presence of various biologically related species. Cyto-JN can be applied successfully to bio-imaging of HNO in living cells and in mice. The results of flow cytometry confirm that the probe Cyto-JN can be used to detect intracellular HNO qualitatively and quantitatively.
Optical properties of Bi12SiO20 single crystals doped with 4d and 5d transition elements (2001)

Bi 12 SiO 20 single crystals doped with Ru, Rh, Pd, Re, Os, and Ir transition elements were obtained. Optical absorption and optical activity were measured in the visible spectral range. Strong changes were observed in transmission spectra when doping with various elements. Doping with Os and Pd causes strong bleaching to the crystals, changes the transmission curve shoulder, and decreases the absorption coefficient. Transmission spectra of Ru, Re, and Ir doped crystals are shifted to the red region and the absorption coefficient is considerably increased. Optical rotatory power remains unchanged by doping with Rh, Pd, Re, and Ir. It is increased negligibly by Pd doping, considerably increased by Os doping, and strongly decreased by Ru doping. The influence of doping elements on optical rotatory power is discussed on the basis of the two elementary structural unit cells (BiOn polyhedra and SiO4 tetrahedra) and of the transition energy of electrons located in their vicinity.
How Is the CDM Compatible with Sustainable Development ? —A View from Project Guidelines and Adaptation Measures— (1998)

The Clean Development Mechanism has its meaning to be a tool that the sustainable development in the host developing country is compatible with the climate change mitigation, as well as, a flexible instrument for developed countries to meet their quantified commitments. This paper considers how the CDM works properly as a tool to assist developing countries for their sustainable development from the view points of conditions for design and also operational aspects. In this regard, the guidelines for project eligibility and approval are considered focusing on their operations. The aspect of adaptation funding mechanism for vulnerable countries, characteristic to the CDM, are also discussed.
Probing the role of the backbone carbonyl interaction with the CuA center in azurin by replacing the peptide bond with an ester linkage (2016)

The role of a backbone carbonyl interaction with an engineered Cu<sub>A</sub> center in azurin was investigated by developing a method of synthesis and incorporation of a depsipeptide where one of the amide bonds in azurin is replaced by an ester bond using expressed protein ligation. Studies by electronic absorption and electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopic techniques indicate that, while the substitution does not significantly alter the geometry of the site, it weakens the axial interaction to the Cu<sub>A</sub> center and strengthens the Cu-Cu bond, as evidenced by the blue shift of the near-IR absorption that has been assigned to the Cu-Cu ψ → ψ* transition. Interestingly, the changes in the electronic structure from the replacement did not result in a change in the reduction potential of the Cu<sub>A</sub> center, suggesting that the diamond core structure of Cu<sub>2</sub>S<sub>Cys2</sub> is resistant to variations in axial interactions.
Extinct species identification from Upper Pleistocene bone fragments not identifiable from their osteomorphological studies by proteomics analysis (2020)

Abstract The ancient preserved molecules offer the opportunity to gain a better knowledge on the biological past. In recent years, bones proteomics has become an attractive method to study the animal biological origin, extinct species and species evolution as an alternative to DNA analysis which is limited by DNA amplification present in ancient samples and its contamination. However, the development of a proteomic workflow remains a challenge. The analysis of fossils must consume a low quantity of material to avoid damaging the samples. Another difficulty is the absence of genomic data for most of the extinct species. In this study, a proteomic methodology was applied to mammalian bones of 130,000 years old from the earlier Upper Pleistocene site of Scladina Cave (Belgium). Starting from 5 milligram samples, our results show a large majority of detected peptides matching collagen I alpha 1 and alpha 2 proteins with a sequence coverage up to 60%. Using sequence homology with modern sequences, a biological classification was successfully achieved and the associated taxonomic ranks to each bone were identified consistently with the information gained from osteomorphological studies and palaeoenvironmental and palaeodietary data. Among the taxa identified are the Felidae family, Bovinae subfamily, Elephantidae family and the Ursus genus. Amino acid substitutions on the collagens were identified providing new information on extinct species sequences and also helping in taxonomy-based clustering. Considering samples with no osteomorphological information, such as two bone retouchers, proteomics successfully identified the bovidae and ursidae families providing new information to the paleontologists on these objects. Combining osteomorphology studies and amino acid variations identified by proteomics, one retoucher was identified to be potentially from the Ursus spelaeus species.
Mixers for the Millimetre, Submillimetre and Terahertz Regions (1998)

A series of mixers intended for space borne remote sensing applications have been developed. Subharmonic mixers operating in the millimetre and submillimetre wave region make use of planar flip chip antiparallel Schottky diode pairs and are driven via solid state local oscillator sources. For the terahertz region, single ended fundamental mixers incorporating novel micromachined stripline circuitry have been developed and achieve record sensitivities at 2.5 THz. This talk will describe the design of the mixers and discuss the most recent RF results.
Sepsis associated with transfusion of red cells contaminated with Yersinia enterocolitica (1990)

Between April 1987 and May 1989, the Centers for Disease Control investigated seven cases of transfusion-associated Yersinia enterocolitica sepsis; four were caused by organisms of serotype O:3, and one each was caused by organisms of serotype O:1,2,3; O:5,27; and O:20. All seven recipients developed septic shock after receiving units of red cells (RBCs) contaminated with Y. enterocolitica; five recipients died. The cases occurred in seven states and were unrelated. There was no evidence for contamination of the RBC units during processing. Six of the seven donors had serologic evidence of recent Y. enterocolitica infection, and it is hypothesized that these donors had asymptomatic bacteremia when they donated the implicated blood. Four of the seven donors reported gastrointestinal illness in the 4 weeks before blood donation, and one donor became ill on the day he donated blood. Y. enterocolitica grows well at 4 degrees C and in the presence of dextrose and iron. If blood is contaminated at the time of collection, storage of the RBCs at 4 degrees C provides an ideal environment for bacterial growth and endotoxin production. These cases demonstrate the need for careful evaluation of patients with transfusion reactions for possible sepsis and suggest a need to screen prospective blood donors for mild gastrointestinal illness, including those illnesses not requiring physician evaluation or medication.
A tutorial on Bayesian multi-model linear regression with BAS and JASP (2021)

Linear regression analyses commonly involve two consecutive stages of statistical inquiry. In the first stage, a single 'best' model is defined by a specific selection of relevant predictors; in the second stage, the regression coefficients of the winning model are used for prediction and for inference concerning the importance of the predictors. However, such second-stage inference ignores the model uncertainty from the first stage, resulting in overconfident parameter estimates that generalize poorly. These drawbacks can be overcome by model averaging, a technique that retains all models for inference, weighting each model's contribution by its posterior probability. Although conceptually straightforward, model averaging is rarely used in applied research, possibly due to the lack of easily accessible software. To bridge the gap between theory and practice, we provide a tutorial on linear regression using Bayesian model averaging in JASP, based on the BAS package in R. Firstly, we provide theoretical background on linear regression, Bayesian inference, and Bayesian model averaging. Secondly, we demonstrate the method on an example data set from the World Happiness Report. Lastly, we discuss limitations of model averaging and directions for dealing with violations of model assumptions.
The effect of non-greedy parsing in Ziv-Lempel compression methods (2002)

Most practical compression methods in the LZ77 and LZ78 families parse their input using a greedy heuristic. However the popular gzip compression program demonstrates that modest but significant gains in compression performance are possible if non-greedy parsing is used. Practical implementations for using non-greedy parsing in LZ77 and LZ78 compression are explored and some experimental measurements are presented.
Artificial Night Lighting Reduces Firefly (Coleoptera: Lampyridae) Occurrence in Sorocaba, Brazil (2015)

Artificial night lighting is gaining attention as a new type of pollution; however, studies of its impacts are scarce. Fireflies provide good models to investigate its effects on nocturnal wildlife, since they depend on their bioluminescence for reproduction. This study investigated the impact of artificial illumination on firefly activity at the new campus of the Federal University of S&atildeo Carlos (Sorocaba, Brazil). The flashing activity of different firefly species, especially Photinus sp1 (82% of all occurrences), was investigated during 3 years, before and after the installation of multi metal vapor spotlights. Quantitative and qualitative analysis, performed in transects at different distances from the artificial light sources, showed significant negative effects on Photinus sp1 occurrence. This study proposes fireflies as potential flagship species and bioindicators for artificial night lighting and for the first time quantifies its effects, providing subsidies for future conservationist legislations regarding photopollution.
Neutropenia in Barth syndrome: characteristics, risks, and management (2018)

BTHS should be considered in any men with neutropenia accompanied by any of the characteristic features of this syndrome. Prophylaxis with G-CSF ± antibiotics prevents serious bacterial infections in the more severe neutropenic patients although infections remain a threat even in patients who are very compliant with therapy, especially in those with indwelling devices.
A transformer-based digital isolator with 20kVPK surge capability and > 200kV/µS Common Mode Transient Immunity (2016)

This paper presents a transformer-based digital isolator that achieves best-in-class robustness with 20kV <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">PK</inf> surge capability and > 200kV/µS Common Mode Transient Immunity (CMTI). Using polyimide as insulation material, the isolation barrier is more than 30µm thick and enables the exceptional surge performance. The transformer is fully differential with symmetric layout to improve noise immunity. The OOK Transmitter (TX) is based on the negative-G <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">m</inf> oscillator and operates in the voltage-limited domain. It enable the TX to keep generating the differential On-Off Keying (OOK) carrier signal during disturbances from very fast Common Mode Transient (CMT) noise.
<title>Optical time-domain reflectometry for distributed sensing of the structural strain and deformation</title> (1999)

A unique structure of microbend optical fiber sensor (MOFS) for measuring tensile and compressive strain is described in this paper. The average measuring sensitivity for tensile strain is 35 (mu) (epsilon) using 3 MOFS arrays. The repeatability and stability of MOFS are better than 18 (mu) (epsilon) . The loss sensitivity of single-mode (SM) fiber and multi-mode (MM) fiber used in MOFS, as well as the relationship between the pulse width of diode laser and loss sensitivity are also studied in this paper. From these studied, some conclusions have been obtained. There are 1) the los sensitivity and repeatability of SM fiber are better when compared to MM fiber in MOFS, and 2) the variation of pulse width of laser would only influent the signal-to-noise ratio and dynamic range, but has no contribution to loss sensitivity. Experimental result also show that loss of SM fiber highly depends on the wavelength of laser, but MM fiber has no such property. The loss of Sm fiber between the wavelength of 1550nm and 1310nm is about the ratio of 6.5. Therefore, the experiments reported in this paper used wavelength of 1310nm to measure tensile strain and 1550nm to measure compressive strain based on the above property of SM fiber, without changing the configuration of MOFS.
Stereoselective Preparation of (Z)-2-(Trialkylsilyloxy)-2-alkenals by Retrocycloaddition Reactions of 4H-4-Alkyl-5-(trialkylsilyloxy)-1,3-dioxins. Useful Reactants for Lewis Acid Catalyzed [4 + 3] Cyclizations (2001)

[reaction: see text]. Retrocycloadditions of 4H-4-alkyl-5-(trialkylsilyloxy)-1,3-dioxins proceed smoothly in refluxing toluene to afford (Z)-2-(trialkylsilyloxy)-2-alkenals with complete stereoselectivity. These enals undergo Sasaki-type [4 + 3] cyclizations with dienes in the presence of Lewis acids, in many instances with excellent regio- and/or stereoselectivity.
Variation in vector competency depends on chrysanthemum yellows phytoplasma distribution within Euscelidius variegatus (2009)

Abstract Phytoplasmas are plant‐pathogenic Mollicutes transmitted by leafhoppers, planthoppers, and psyllids in a persistent propagative manner. Chrysanthemum yellows phytoplasma (CY) is a member of ‘ Candidatus Phytoplasma asteris’, 16Sr‐IB, and is transmitted by at least three leafhopper species, Macrosteles quadripunctulatus Kirschbaum, Euscelidius variegatus Kirschbaum, and Euscelis incisus Kirschbaum (all Homoptera: Cicadellidae: Deltocephalinae). Although M. quadripunctulatus transmits CY with very high efficiency (near 100%), 25% of E. variegatus repeatedly fail to transmit CY. The aims of this work were to correlate vector ability with different pathogen distribution in the insect body and to investigate the role of midgut and salivary glands as barriers to CY transmission. Euscelidius variegatus individuals acquired CY by feeding on infected plants or by abdominal microinjection of a phytoplasma‐enriched suspension. Insects were individually tested for transmission on daisy seedlings [ Chrysanthemum carinatum Schousboe (Asteraceae)], and thereafter analysed by real‐time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for CY concentration on whole insects or separately on heads and the rest of the body. Hoppers were classified as early and late transmitters or non‐transmitters, according to the time inoculated plants required for expression of CY symptoms. Similar transmission efficiencies were achieved following feeding or abdominal microinjection, suggesting that salivary glands may be a major barrier to transmission. Following acquisition from infected plants, all transmitters tested positive by PCR, and 60% of non‐transmitters also tested positive although with a significantly lower CY concentration. This indicates that a minimum number of phytoplasma cells may be required for successful transmission. The midgut may have prevented phytoplasma entry into the haemocoel of PCR‐negative non‐transmitters. Results suggest that both midgut and salivary glands may act as barriers. To assess the effect on CY transmission of a specific parasitic bacterium of E. variegatus , tentatively named BEV (Bacterium Euscelidius variegatus ), we established a BEV‐infected population by abdominal microinjection of BEV bacteria. The presence of BEV did not significantly alter the efficiency of CY transmission.
Direct Plating of Low Resistivity Bright Cu Film onto TiN Barrier Layer via Pd Activation (2003)

For seedless electroplating of low resistivity Cu film applicable to deep submicrometer damascene feature, Pd activation was&#13;\nintroduced to direct Cu electroplating onto a high resistivity TiN barrier to get a high quality Cu film. Displacement-deposited Pd&#13;\nparticles on the TiN substrate acted as nucleation sites for Cu plating. This high-density instantaneous nucleation made it possible&#13;\nto deposit a continuous, bright Cu film with low resistivity of 3.1 mV cm ~after annealing!. Aided by small amounts of benzotriazole,&#13;\nPd activation also gave way to the application of seedless plating to superfilling of a deep submicrometer damascene&#13;\nstructure, where the formation of the seed layer had been a critical issue. Poor adhesion between plated Cu and Pd activated TiN&#13;\nsubstrate was greatly improved by the addition of poly~ethylene glycol!. The change in film characteristics was found to be&#13;\nnegligible.
Abstract IA09: The IRE1 ER stress sensor activates natural killer cell immunity by regulating c-Myc (2021)

Abstract Natural killer (NK) cells are critical mediators of host immunity to pathogens. Here, we demonstrate that the endoplasmic retic- ulum stress sensor inositol-requiring enzyme 1 (IRE1α) and its substrate transcription factor X-box-binding protein 1 (XBP1) drive NK cell responses against viral infection and tumors in vivo. IRE1α-XBP1 were essential for expansion of activated mouse and human NK cells and are situated downstream of the mammalian target of rapamycin signaling pathway. Transcriptome and chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis revealed c-Myc as a new and direct downstream target of XBP1 for regulation of NK cell proliferation. Genetic ablation or pharmaceutical blockade of IRE1α downregulated c-Myc, and NK cells with c-Myc haplo- insufficency phenocopied IRE1α-XBP1 deficiency. c-Myc overexpression largely rescued the proliferation defect in IRE1α−/− NK cells. Like c-Myc, IRE1α-XBP1 also promotes oxidative phosphorylation in NK cells. Overall, our study identifies a IRE1α-XBP1- cMyc axis in NK cell immunity, providing insight into host protection against infection and cancer. Citation Format: Laurie H. Glimcher. The IRE1 ER stress sensor activates natural killer cell immunity by regulating c-Myc [abstract]. In: Abstracts: AACR Virtual Special Conference: Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy; 2020 Oct 19-20. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Immunol Res 2021;9(2 Suppl):Abstract nr IA09.
Efficacy of two rotary systems in removing gutta-percha and sealer from the root canal walls. (2011)

Mtwo R seems to be an efficient rotary system for endodontic retreatment of root canal with GP.
Laser material processing of polymers (1983)

Since the first laser was developed in 1960, laser technology has been growing and now covers a wide range of laser types and applications. One of the most important applications of lasers is the use of a high power laser beam for material processing. One very interesting material group in which lasers can be used for processing is polymers. In these materials the lasers can be used for drilling and cutting, as well for welding. Lasers can produce holes at very high speeds and in dimensions which in practice are unobtainble by other processing methods. Contour cutting with high speeds and narrow tolerances is also possible. This paper will briefly describe the laser processing mechanisms involved in laser drilling, cutting, welding and engraving, and will give some typical examples of laser processing with special attention to processing of polymers.