gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Carriage of Community-Associated Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus in a Cohort of Infants in Southern Israel: Risk Factors and Molecular Features (2009)

There are few data about the epidemiology of community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA) among children in Israel. This study was intended to identify risk factors for CA-MRSA colonization in healthy infants, to characterize the molecular features of colonizing organisms, and to determine whether they are responsible for health care-associated (HA) infections. Nasal cultures and demographic details were collected from a cohort of healthy infants at 5 visits between the ages of 2 and 12 months. Clinical characteristics of pediatric MRSA bloodstream infections (2001 to 2006) and wound cultures collected over 6 months were also studied. Clonal structure was evaluated by multilocus sequence typing. Isolates were studied for the staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) type and for the presence of Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL) genes. MRSA was cultured at least once from 45 of 659 infants (346 Jewish and 313 Bedouin infants). Forty of 45 (89%) isolates were from Bedouin infants. Twenty-nine of 45 (64.4%) belonged to a new clonal complex, designated CC913, that carries SCCmec IV but not the PVL genes. CC913 was also isolated from 9/14 blood cultures and 7/8 wounds. All CC913 infections occurred in Bedouin children, and all but two were HA. In conclusion, Bedouin origin was the main risk factor for carriage of CA-MRSA. CC913 was dominant both in healthy carriers and as a cause of pediatric HA-MRSA bloodstream infections.
A deterministic emulator for the statistical reproduction of a real fiber with accurate PMD statistics up to the third order (2002)

A novel deterministic polarization-mode dispersion (PMD) emulator, consisting of delay-sections coupled by rotators is proposed. By opportunely choosing the rotation angles, this device is shown to correctly reproduce the higher order PMD statistics with a reduced number of sections.
DFT study of ligand binding in biogenic amine transporters (2020)

Biogenic amine transporters (BATs) are membrane proteins that are used to assist the movement of the biogenic amines (such as serotonin, dopamine, and norepinephrine) across the membrane. BATs are crucial targets for a variety of diseases. Parkinson’s disease is characterized by a lack of dopamine to multiple areas of the brain which makes the BAT for dopamine important.
Tissue distribution of s-oleylpropanolamide in rats detected by liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry. (2011)

This paper is to report the development of a rapid and sensitive method for the determination of s-oleylpropanolamide (OPA) in various tissues of rat (brain, heart, lung, liver, spleen, small intestine, kidney, adipose tissue and muscle), and to assess the applicability of the assay to tissue distribution. OPA was extracted by liquid-liquid extraction method with undecylenoylethanolamide as an internal standard. The concentrations of OPA were determined by LC-MS/MS after a single intragastric dose of 50 mg x kg(-1) at 4 time points (5 rats per group). With multiple reactions monitoring mode (MRM) the limit of quantification (LLOQ) was determined at 1 microg x L(-1). The calibration curve was linear from 1 to 2 x 104 microg x L(-1) (r > or = 0.999 0) for tissue homogenates. Validation parameters such as accuracy, precision and recovery were found to be within the acceptance criteria of the assay validation guidelines. The highest concentration was found in small intestine (the highest time point is 15 min) and heart (the highest time point is 90 min). The assay is rapid, sensitive and applicable to studying tissue distribution of OPA in rats.
Neugeborenen-Hörscreening in der Region Hannover – Stand der Umsetzung und Notwendigkeit des Trackings (2022)

Hintergrund Das Neugeborenen-Hörscreening (NHS) ist in Deutschland seit 2009 in der Kinder-Richtlinie gesetzlich verankert und damit eine Leistung der Gesetzlichen Krankenversicherung (GKV). Mit dem Erstscreening nach der Geburt ist aber nur der erste Schritt getan. Bisher fehlt eine flächendeckende, standardisierte Struktur und Finanzierung des sog. Trackings (Nachverfolgen von auffälligen Messergebnissen). Ohne Tracking ist eine sichere Diagnostik und Therapie nicht in allen Fällen vorhanden. Das Ziel des vorliegenden Vorhabens ist die systematische Einführung des Trackings auf Basis eines IT gestützten Verfahrens in der Region Hannover, das langfristig auf Niedersachsen übertragen werden soll.
Sensorineural hearing loss: more than meets the eye? (1993)

MR can demonstrate numerous lesions responsible for SNHL other than acoustic neuromas. The entire acoustic pathways, including the labyrinth, internal auditory canal, cerebellopontine angle, and brain stem should be carefully scrutinized for lesions in patients with SNHL. The use of contrast media markedly increases the yield of MR in this clinical situation by demonstrating inflammatory and neoplastic labyrinthine lesions and meningeal pathology (both neoplastic and inflammatory) in the internal auditory canal and cerebellopontine angle cistern.
<title>Optimum Shaded Apertures For Reducing Photographic Grain Noise</title> (1969)

One of the principal limitations to extraction of geometric and radiometric information from photographic records is the irregular structure of the photographic grain. Since this granularity is a random phenomenon we must treat it using statistical techniques. Actually the randomness is not confined to the grain structure. If we are truly getting new information about original objects, then the radiance distribution of the original objects is in a sense unpredictable, i. e. random. In this situation, any improvements that are made in information recovery equipment should improve the performance on the average for a whole class of original objects.© (1969) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Radiomic Based Machine Learning Performance for a Three Class Problem in Neuro-Oncology: Time to Test the Waters? (2021)

Prior radiomics studies have focused on two-class brain tumor classification, which limits generalizability. The performance of radiomics in differentiating the three most common malignant brain tumors (glioblastoma (GBM), primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL), and metastatic disease) is assessed; factors affecting the model performance and usefulness of a single sequence versus multiparametric MRI (MP-MRI) remain largely unaddressed. This retrospective study included 253 patients (120 metastatic (lung and brain), 40 PCNSL, and 93 GBM). Radiomic features were extracted for whole a tumor mask (enhancing plus necrotic) and an edema mask (first pipeline), as well as for separate enhancing and necrotic and edema masks (second pipeline). Model performance was evaluated using MP-MRI, individual sequences, and the T1 contrast enhanced (T1-CE) sequence without the edema mask across 45 model/feature selection combinations. The second pipeline showed significantly high performance across all combinations (Brier score: 0.311-0.325). GBRM fit using the full feature set from the T1-CE sequence was the best model. The majority of the top models were built using a full feature set and inbuilt feature selection. No significant difference was seen between the top-performing models for MP-MRI (AUC 0.910) and T1-CE sequence with (AUC 0.908) and without edema masks (AUC 0.894). T1-CE is the single best sequence with comparable performance to that of multiparametric MRI (MP-MRI). Model performance varies based on tumor subregion and the combination of model/feature selection methods.
The effect of high-level waste glass composition on spinel liquidus temperature (2012)

Spinel crystals precipitate in high-level waste glasses containing Fe, Cr, Ni, Mn, Zn, and Ru. The liquidus temperature (T{sub L}d) of spinel as the primary crystallization phase is a function of glass composition, and the spinel solubility (c{sub o}) is a function of both glass composition and temperature (T). Previously reported models of T{sub L} as a function of composition are based on T{sub L} measured directly, which requires laborious experimental procedures. Viewing the curve of c{sub o} versus T as the liquidus line allows a significant broadening of the composition region for model fitting. This paper estimates T{sub L} as a function of composition based on c{sub o} data obtained with the X-ray diffraction technique.
Heterolayered Li+–MnO2–[Mn1/3Co1/3Ni1/3]O2 Nanocomposites with Improved Electrode Functionality: Effects of Heat Treatment and Layer Doping on the Electrode Performance of Reassembled Lithium Manganate (2012)

Novel heterolayered nanocomposites consisting of interstratified MnO2 and [Mn1/3Co1/3Ni1/3]O2 nanosheets are synthesized by a layer-by-layer self-assembly between negatively charged metal oxide nanosheets and lithium cations. According to powder X-ray diffraction and micro-Raman analysis, all of the as-prepared Li+–xMnO2–(1–x)[Mn1/3Co1/3Ni1/3]O2 nanocomposites with x = 1, 0.7, and 0.4 have a lamella structure with similar basal spacing of ∼7.1 Å, indicating the formation of lithium intercalation structure with cointercalated water bilayers. The nanoscale mixing of MnO2 and [Mn1/3Co1/3Ni1/3]O2 nanosheets is confirmed by energy-dispersive spectrometry–elemental mapping analysis. Upon a self-assembly with Li+ ions, there occur no marked changes in the octahedral symmetry and mixed oxidation state of M3+/M4+ ions (M = Mn, Co, and Ni) in the precursor metal oxide nanosheets. All of the as-prepared nanocomposites commonly experience a structural transformation from hydrated layered structure to dehydrated layered structure at 200 °C, which is followed by the second-phase transition to cubic spinel structure at 600 °C. Despite distinct structural changes of the nanocomposites at elevated temperatures, their porous stacking structure is well-maintained up to 400 °C. The heat-treatment at 400 °C leads to a significant improvement of the discharge capacity of the present nanocomposites because of the dehydration of as-prepared materials and the enhancement of crystallinity. The doping of [Mn1/3Co1/3Ni1/3]O2 layers enables us not only to increase the discharge capacity of the Li–MnO2 nanocomposite but also to prevent the phase transition of layered manganese oxide to spinel structure during electrochemical cycling. The present study clearly demonstrates that a postcalcination process as well as a partial doping of [Mn1/3Co1/3Ni1/3]O2 layer is effective in improving the electrode performance of reassembled Li–MnO2 nanocomposites.
Run-to-run CD error analysis and control monitoring of effective dose and focus (2003)

We have developed in-line dose and focus monitoring techniques for the detailed analysis of critical dimension error and accurate process control. From exposed wafers, effective does and focus are measured with specificed monitor marks built on a reticle. The contributions of effective dose and focus to critical dimension error on device chips were clarified in a fabrication proces of 110 nm isolated pattern with a KrF scanner. The critical dimensions error was described as a function of effective dose and focus, which include various process fluctuations. We could determine whether current exposure settings such as dose input and focus input were adequate or not. Based on the experimental data, we estimated the benefit of simultaneous Run-to-Run control of dose and focus. The estimation clarifies that it realizes total critical dimension control including Run-to-Run and intra-Run.
Sodium hyaluronate (hyaluronic acid) promotes migration of human corneal epithelial cells in vitro (2004)

Sodium hyaluronate promotes migration but not proliferation or CD44 expression on human corneal epithelial cells in vitro. The beneficial effect of sodium hyaluronate in corneal wound healing is likely to be related to rapid migration of cells leading to rapid wound closure. This may be facilitated by the adhesion between CD44 on the cells and hyaluronic acid, which coats the surface of the denuded cornea.
CASSANDRA – a tool for analysis and prediction of time resolved BO defect dynamic on lifetime and cell level (2017)

A numerical simulation tool – CASSANDRA – has been created which can simulate time resolved boron-oxygen related defect dynamic on lifetime and solar cell level. The model is based on the fundamental lifetime limitation due to BO defects and a set of linear differential rate equations. CASSANDRA includes not only BO defect related lifetime injection dependence, but also injection level feedback under non-constant injection (often constant generation) experimental conditions. This allows for analysis and prediction of experiments not only on lifetime level, but also on solar cell level as well. In a virtual experiment it is demonstrated how CASSANDRA reveals the otherwise hidden defect dynamic. Besides time resolved simulations, long term equilibrium situations may be simulated as well, e.g., performance in the degraded vs. non-degraded case.
Expression of Invariant Chain (CD 74) and Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) Class II Antigens in the Human Fetus1 (2002)

During the initiation of an immune response, antigen-presenting cells employ MHC class II antigens as key molecules to present small peptides to CD4-positive lymphocytes. The invariant chain (Ii; CD74) plays a critical role in this process by influencing the expression and peptide loading of the MHC class II molecules. Therefore, coordinate expression of these molecules is believed to play an important role in antigen presentation. This study explores the expression of these molecules in fetal tissues. Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded multi-organ tissue blocks from aborted fetuses (age range 7-22 weeks) were immunostained for Ii/CD74 and MHC class II antigens using commercially available monoclonal antibodies for Ii/CD74 (LN2) and MHC class II antigens (LN3), respectively. Coordinate staining for Ii/CD74 and MHC class II antigens was seen in the skin, proximal renal tubules, tips of small intestinal mucosa, and cells of the reticuloendothelial system, including the spleen and thymus. Expression of Ii/CD74, but not of MHC class II antigens, was seen in pulmonary alveolar epithelium in all cases and in testicular Leydig cells (11 of 11 testes examined). The distribution and intensity of staining did not change significantly with age. In conclusion, this study describes distribution of Ii/CD74 and MHC class II antigens in human fetal tissues. Coordinate expression of Ii/CD74 and MHC class II antigens was identified in most fetal tissues, but there were also notable exceptions. In all cases this took the form of expression of Ii/CD74 in the absence of MHC class II expression. Discordance was particularly striking in pulmonary alveolar epithelium and testicular Leydig cells. This suggests that the Ii/CD74 molecule has functional roles in addition to its role in antigen presentation.
Tuning structural coloration through evanescent wave absorption at microscale concave interfaces (2023)

Here, structural color generated by total internal reflection (TIR) interference at microscale concave interfaces is tuned via evanescent wave absorption by dyes. Using quantitative angle-resolved spectral analysis combined with ray tracing simulation, it is demonstrated that the multibounce TIR trajectories enhance the efficiency of dye absorption and usefulness in modulating the reflected colors. Depending on the absorbance spectrum of the dye used, and the amount of dye coated at the TIR interface, the angle-dependent reflected colors can be predictably altered. The use of a near-infrared absorbing dye allows for the combination of overt color-shifting iridescent effects under illumination with visible wavelengths and covert optical-motion effects under near-infrared. This work, which explores an innovative approach for controlling the reflective properties of iridescent structurally colored materials, may be of interest both for fundamental research and for applications such as sensors, coatings, and security.
<title>Principle of synchronous luminescence (SL) technique for biomedical diagnostics</title> (2000)

In the present study, the principle of synchronous luminescence (SL) is described for use in biomedical diagnostics. The SL method involves scanning simultaneously both emission and excitation wavelengths while keeping a constant wavelength interval between them. This SF procedure simplifies the emission spectrum and provides for greater selectivity and is used to detect subtle differences in the fluorescence emission of the biochemical species of cells and tissues. The SL method can be used to analyze tissue in vivo or to investigate spectral differences in normal and neoplastic cells in vitro. SL scans of skin tissues illustrate the use of the method. For in vitro diagnostics, a difference between the flourescent spectra of the normal rat liver epithelial and hepatoma cell lines were detected using synchronous fluorescence. The potential use of SF as s screening tool for cancer diagnosis is discussed.
Reduced graphene oxide coated polydimethylsiloxane film as an optoacoustic transmitter for high pressure and high frequency ultrasound generation (2015)

We demonstrate that reduced graphene oxide coated thin polydimethylsiloxane (rGO-PDMS) film is an effective optoacoustic transmitter for generating high pressure and high frequency ultrasound, previously unattainable using other techniques. Various coatings such as rGO-Aluminum, rGO-PDMS, PDMS-alone, and aluminum-alone are deposited on the glass substrate. Under a pulsed laser excitation, rGO-PDMS transmitter generated remarkable optoacoustic pressure which is 76 times stronger than Al-alone, 5 times stronger than PDMS-alone, and 2.2 times stronger than rGO-Al transmitter. The observed signal enhancement persisted over a broadband frequency range, and thus by optimizing the thermoelasticity of PDMS film and the thermal conductivity of rGO, a promising optoacoustic wave generation was confirmed for laser-induced ultrasound applications.
Bayesian Modeling to Predict Malignant Hyperthermia Susceptibility and Pathogenicity of RYR1 , CACNA1S and STAC3 Variants (2019)

<b>Aim:</b> Identify variants in <i>RYR1</i>, <i>CACNA1S</i> and <i>STAC3</i>, and predict malignant hyperthermia (MH) pathogenicity using Bayesian statistics in individuals clinically treated as MH susceptible (MHS). <b>Materials & methods:</b> Whole exome sequencing including <i>RYR1</i>, <i>CACNA1S</i> and <i>STAC3</i> performed on 64 subjects with: MHS; suspected MH event or first-degree relative; and MH negative. Variant pathogenicity was estimated using <i>in silico</i> analysis, allele frequency and prior data to calculate Bayesian posterior probabilities. <b>Results:</b> Bayesian statistics predicted <i>CACNA1S</i> variant p.Thr1009Lys and <i>RYR1</i> variants p.Ser1728Phe and p.Leu4824Pro are likely pathogenic, and novel <i>STAC3</i> variant p.Met187Thr has uncertain significance. Nearly a third of MHS subjects had only benign variants. <b>Conclusion:</b> Bayesian method provides new approach to predict MH pathogenicity of genetic variants.
Selling sin: the marketing of socially unacceptable products (2004)

Preface to the Second Edition Introduction Tobacco: Past and Present The Alcoholic Beverage Industries Handguns, Rifles, and Shotguns: The Firearms Industry Gambling in America The Business of Pornography Target Marketing: Challenges and Consequences Product Line Management in Socially Unacceptable Industries Promotion Strategies: Media and Messages Promotion Strategies: Symbols and Other Promotional Tools The Internet Problems in Pricing and Distribution Public Affairs Strategies Summing Up
Autonomous Driving Systems: A Preliminary Naturalistic Study of the Tesla Model S (2017)

Autonomous and semiautonomous vehicles are currently being developed by over14 companies. These vehicles may improve driving safety and convenience, or they may create new challenges for drivers, particularly with regard to situation awareness (SA) and autonomy interaction. I conducted a naturalistic driving study on the autonomy features in the Tesla Model S, recording my experiences over a 6-month period, including assessments of SA and problems with the autonomy. This preliminary analysis provides insights into the challenges that drivers may face in dealing with new autonomous automobiles in realistic driving conditions, and it extends previous research on human-autonomy interaction to the driving domain. Issues were found with driver training, mental model development, mode confusion, unexpected mode interactions, SA, and susceptibility to distraction. New insights into challenges with semiautonomous driving systems include increased variability in SA, the replacement of continuous control with serial discrete control, and the need for more complex decisions. Issues that deserve consideration in future research and a set of guidelines for driver interfaces of autonomous systems are presented and used to create recommendations for improving driver SA when interacting with autonomous vehicles.
TUMOR CHEMOTHERAPY,III.SOME 5-SUBSTITUTED DERIVATIVES OF URACIL AND 6-METHYLURACIL (1959)

Four 5-(p-substituted-phenylazo)-uracils (Ⅴ:Ⅴa,Ⅴb,Ⅴc and Ⅴd)and six 5-(p- substituted-phenylazo)-6-methyluracils (Ⅵ:Ⅵa,Ⅵb,Ⅵc,Ⅵd,Ⅵe and Ⅵf)were pre- pared as antitumor agents,However,none of them showed any significant activity against Ehrlich ascites tumour in mice. (Ⅴa)R=C1 mp.280°dec.(Ⅵa)R=G1 mp.235°dec. (Ⅴb)R=Br mp.270°dec.(Ⅵb)R=Br mp.227°dec. (Ⅴc)R=CH_3 mp.264°dec.(Ⅵc)R=CH_3 mp.223°dec. (Ⅴd)R=SCN mp.171°dec.(Ⅵd)R=OCH_3 mp.235°dec. (Ⅵe)R=SCN mp.147°dec. (Ⅵf)R=SCH_3 mp.222°dec. A of 5-substituted uracils and methyluracils (Ⅶ:Ⅶa,Ⅶb,Ⅶc,Ⅶd and Ⅷ: Ⅷa,Ⅷb,Ⅷc,Ⅷd,Ⅷe,Ⅷf,Ⅷg,Ⅷh)were also prepared.These uracils did not show any significant inhibiting action against Sarcoma 180 in mice.The phar- macological actions of the above compounds will be reported eleswhere. ~*(Ⅶa)R=NO_2 ~*(Ⅷa)R=NO_2 ~*(Ⅶb)R=NHCHO mp.312°dec.(Ⅷb)R=NHCHO mp.290°dec. ~*(Ⅶc)R=NHCOCH_2Cl mp.274°dec.(Ⅷc)R=NHCOCH_2Cl mp.252°dec. (Ⅶd)R=NHCSNH_2 mp.320°(Ⅷd)R=NHCOCHCl_2 mp.280°dec. (Ⅷe)R=NHCOCH_2I mp.236°dec. (Ⅷf)R=NHCOCF_3 mp.282°dec. (Ⅷg)R=NHCOOC_2H_5 mp.265°dec. (Ⅷh)R=NHCSNH_2 mp.268°dec. *These compounds are known in literatures.
[Risk factors of coronary heart disease in workers of gas-processing industry in Astrakhan region]. (2000)

The authors studied levels and prevalence of main risk factors for coronary heart diseases in workers of gas-processing industry in Astrakhan region. Important notion is considerable prevalence of high cholesterol level in the males. The incidence of arterial hypertension was not high.
Tuberculosis is associated with increased lung cancer mortality (2013)

TB was independently associated with subsequent mortality due to lung cancer. This finding calls for intensification of tobacco control and better targeting of lung cancer screening in high TB burden areas.