gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
From Plasmids to Protection: A Review of DNA Vaccines Against Infectious Diseases (2006)

The field of DNA vaccine development began over 16 years ago with the observation that plasmid DNA could be injected into and expressed in vivo and drive adaptive immune responses. Since then, there has been great interest in developing this technology to create a new generation of vaccines with the ability to elicit both humoral and cellular immune responses from an inherently innocuous injection. However, DNA vaccines have yet to proceed past phase I/II clinical trials in humans--primarily due to a desire to induce more potent immune responses. This review will examine how DNA vaccines function to induce an immune response and how this information might be useful in future vaccine design.
Bronchial Epithelial Tet2 Maintains Epithelial Integrity during Acute Pseudomonas aeruginosa Pneumonia (2020)

Respiratory epithelial cells are important for pulmonary innate immune responses during <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> infection. Tet methylcytosine dioxygenase 2 (Tet2) has been implicated in the regulation of host defense by myeloid and lymphoid cells, but whether Tet2 also contributes to epithelial responses during pneumonia is unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of bronchial epithelial Tet2 in acute pneumonia caused by <i>P. aeruginosa</i> To this end, we crossed mice with <i>Tet2</i> flanked by two Lox-P sites (<i>Tet2<sup>fl/fl</sup></i> mice) with mice expressing Cre recombinase under the bronchial epithelial cell-specific <i>Cc10</i> promoter (<i>Cc10<sup>Cre</sup></i> mice) to generate bronchial epithelial cell-specific Tet2-deficient (<i>Tet2<sup>fl/fl</sup> Cc10<sup>Cre</sup></i> ) mice. Six hours after infection with <i>P. aeruginosa,</i><i>Tet2<sup>fl/fl</sup> Cc10<sup>Cre</sup></i> and wild-type mice had similar bacterial loads in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). At this time point, <i>Tet2<sup>fl/fl</sup> Cc10<sup>Cre</sup></i> mice displayed reduced mRNA levels of the chemokines Cxcl1, Cxcl2, and Ccl20 in bronchial brushes. However, Cxcl1, Cxcl2, and Ccl20 protein levels and leukocyte recruitment in BALF were not different between groups. <i>Tet2<sup>fl/fl</sup> Cc10<sup>Cre</sup></i> mice had increased protein levels in BALF after infection, indicating a disturbed epithelial barrier function, which was corroborated by reduced mRNA expression of tight junction protein 1 and occludin in bronchial brushes. Differences detected between <i>Tet2<sup>fl/fl</sup> Cc10<sup>Cre</sup></i> and wild-type mice were no longer present at 24 h after infection. These results suggest that bronchial epithelial Tet2 contributes to maintaining epithelial integrity by enhancing intracellular connections between epithelial cells during the early phase of <i>P. aeruginosa</i> pneumonia.
Research Achievement AwardD. John Faulkner (2004)

David John Faulkner, one of the pioneers of marine natural products chemistry and the 2003 recipient of the ASP Research Achievement Award, passed away on November 23, 2002. John was very pleased to learn that he'd been named as the award recipient and was intending to present the ASP Research Achievement Award Address at the annual meeting in July 2003, Chapel Hill, North Carolina. John's untimely death left an unprecedented event in the history of the ASP-a posthumous Research Achievement Award to a deserving individual and an untimely loss for us all. We are bereft of a colleague, a friend, and a mentor, and the opportunity to hear John's words on the occasion of his own award. In tribute to John, we have assembled a retrospective of John's work that is not meant to be a comprehensive review (this would take considerably more space) but a selection of highlights and personal vignettes from some of those that trained in marine natural products under his mentorship. This paper is a written account of the symposium presented by the authors at the ASP Annual Meeting in Chapel Hill, North Carolina, on July 16, 2003.
Electromyography in Disorders of Muscle Tone (1987)

No single clinical electrophysiological test can evaluate disorders of muscle tone. These disorders, symptomatic of a variety of diseases have a multifactorial physiological basis. The several tests used are complimentary each aiming to study different aspects of spinal and supraspinal reflexes which become deranged. The H reflex and F wave (H max/M max and F max/M max ratios) measure motoneuron pool excitability in general. The tendon reflex includes spindle mechanisms bypassed by the H reflex and, with limitations, comparison of H max/M max and T max/M max yields information about the gamma system. Tonic vibration of a tendon inhibits the H reflex from the same muscle. The TVR measures autogenous presynaptic inhibition exerted by the Ia afferents of the muscle. Recurrent inhibition via Renshaw cells is evaluated by studying the effect of collision on the H reflex. Reciprocal inhibition of the Ia afferents can be assessed by measuring H reflex change induced by stimulating Ia afferents from antagonists. Changes in the H reflex recovery cycle measure polysynaptic influences on spinal motoneuron excitability. Cutaneo-muscular (flexor) reflexes measure poly- and oligosynaptic excitatory drive to spinal motoneurons and the blink reflex evaluates the excitatory drive to brainstem motoneurons. Long loop (segmental) responses can be evaluated by limb pertubation using a torque motor or electrical stimulation applied during voluntary muscle contraction. Finally needle electromyography is a more relevant test in several disorders of muscle tone such as the stiff-man syndrome and Isaacs' syndrome.
Descriptive Comparisons of the Effect of Apremilast and Methotrexate Monotherapy in Oligoarticular Psoriatic Arthritis: The Corrona Psoriatic Arthritis/Spondyloarthritis Registry Results (2020)

Findings suggest apremilast monotherapy is an effective option for patients with oligoarticular PsA.
Cubical Shape Enhances the Interaction of Layer‐by‐Layer Polymeric Particles with Breast Cancer Cells (2015)

Blood-borne objects display a nonspherical shape with in-flow dimensions much larger than the vascular endothelial fenestrations, yet, at the diseased state, are able to traverse through these fenestrations owing to their elasticity. The role of physical parameters including shape and elasticity in the behavior of objects found in the tumor microenvironment needs to be understood to ultimately enhance chemotherapy and minimize its side effects. In this study, sphere- and cube-shaped biocompatible elastic microparticles (EM) made via layer-by-layer assembly of hydrogen-bonded tannic acid/poly(N-vinylpyrrolidone) (TA/PVPON) as hollow polymer shells and their rigid core-shell precursors (RM) are explored. In contrast to rigid five-bilayer (TA/PVPON) core shells, hollow elastic shells are unrecognized by J774A.1 macrophages, yet interact with endothelial and breast cancer cells. Internalization of cubical shells is fivefold more efficient by HMVEC (human microvascular endothelial cells) and sixfold and 2.5-fold more efficient by MDA-MB-231 and by SUM159 (breast cancer cells), respectively, compared to spherical shells. The interaction of cubical (TA/PVPON)5 shells with endothelial cells is similar under 10 s(-1) (characteristic of tumor vasculature) and 100 s(-1) shear rate (normal vasculature) while it is decreased at 100 s(-1) shear rate for the spherical shells. Our data suggest that cubical geometry promotes interaction of particles with breast cancer cells, while elasticity prevents engulfment by phagocytic cells in the tumor microenvironment.
Reactive control of large-scale structures in a turbulent wake (2017)

Colloque avec actes et comité de lecture. Internationale.
The study on the methane activation by a plasma (1998)

Methane, the major constituent of natural gas, had been converted to higher hydrocarbons by microwave and radio-frequency plasma in vacuum condition. Methane had been activated to plasma by suppling high energy then converted to ethane, ethylene, acetylene. The direct conversion process of methane had produced few by-products and demanded low-energy. The plasma sources were microwave and radio-frequency. Two types of reactor had been used to activate methane. One is common single tubular-type reactor and the other is series coil-type reactor which used for the first time in this study. To produce more C2 products, methane had been converted by a plasma and catalyst. The results of this study could be used to study mechanism of plasma reaction of methane, design the plant-scale reactor.
Tunable Resonant Enhancement in Nonlinear Optical Frequency Mixing (1984)

The ability to introduce additional resonances in the nonlinear optical susceptibility of a medium by the injection of an additional radiation field is an attractive possibility from the standpoint of efficient tunable frequency mixing processes in the VUV. The possibility of such processes suggest themselves in previous observations in atomic mercury where an enhancement of several orders of magnitude in the third harmonic generation efficiency has been reported when the input frequency is four-photon resonant with the 6S → 6D transition (1) .
Acid−Base Equilibrium at an Aqueous Interface: pH Spectrometry by Heterodyne-Detected Electronic Sum Frequency Generation (2011)

We applied interface-selective heterodyne-detected electronic sum frequency generation (HD-ESFG) to the pH spectrometry of an air/cationic surfactant/water interface in order to obtain insight into an acid−base equilibrium at the interface. We used an indicator molecule adsorbed at the interface to probe local pH and local effective polarity. We obtained unprecedentedly high quality spectral data of the interfacial pH spectrometry, which clearly indicates that this interface has higher pH than the bulk owing to the positive charge of the head group of the surfactant. In addition, we found that the air/surfactant/water interface and the micelle interface of the same surfactant are essentially equivalent in local pH and local effective polarity.
Comparison of selected inhibitor doped sol–gel coating systems for protection of mild steel (2013)

Current legislation around the use of antifouling and anticorrosion coatings has increased the need to find an environment friendly alternative to existing biocide containing pretreatments for steel structures exposed to sea water. Sol–gel technology offers a solution to fouling and corrosion inhibition since sol–gel chemistry lends itself ideally to functionalisation with a variety of components, for example, corrosion inhibitors. In this study, we have utilised the above mentioned approach in order to produce an inhibitor doped sol–gel protective coating on mild steel. The corrosion protection performance of three inhibitors, i.e. SD (Shieldex303), MOLY (Moly-White101ED-PLUS) and ZAPP (Heucophos ZAPP), added individually to a sol–gel, and applied to mild steel Q panels, were evaluated using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The inhibitor containing coatings were shown to protect against corrosion of mild steel; the coatings containing the inhibitors Moly and ZAPP were the most effective of the systems tested.Highlights• Sol–gel coatings are potential candidate systems for the protection of mild steel substrates.• Sol–gel chemistry allows a variety of corrosion inhibitors to be incorporated into the sol–gel coating matrix.• Evaluation of corrosion inhibition efficiency of sol–gel coatings can be assessed using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS).
Effect of Horizontal Stress Models and Biot Poro-Elasticity on Predicted Fracture Geometry (2016)

Abstract This paper covers the methodology to derive all geomechanical properties (Young's modulus, Poisson's ratio and vertical/horizontal variable Biot constants as a function of rock type) for 13 different stress models. Minimum horizontal stress (Sh) is a key parameter controlling fracture height growth during hydraulic fracturing simulation. Assuming a homogeneous formation (rock property Horizontal:Vertical = 1.0) or poorly derived inputs for the anisotropy model can lead to incorrect fracture geometry. A major assumption made using the various stress models is the Biot poro-elastic constant. Many default models assume a Biot poro-elastic constant of one, which is valid for coarse grained conventional reservoirs where porosity is greater than 20%. Most of the reservoirs stimulated with hydraulic fracturing today do not fall in that porosity range, therefore an alternative derivation for the Biot poro-elasticity and its variability requires additional discussion. Models derived and compared with their associated uncertainties in this paper include: Ben Eaton – isotropic, anisotropic, dynamic and modified with correction factor; default from auto log calibration; Vernik, Jaeger &amp; Cook; Hubbert &amp; Willis; Thiercelin – MC envelope and stiffness tensors (Cij); Segall &amp; Penebaker. The geomechanical properties from the different stress models noted above were inserted into a gridded fracturing simulator. The outputs were compared to actual job and calibration data for; minimum horizontal stress, end of job net pressure and fracture geometry for each of the models. When comparing fracture geometries from each stress model against calibration data it is apparent that the chosen stress model will have a substantial influence on the result. This illustrates the importance of choosing the correct stress model for fracture simulations.
First measurement of the CP-violating phase $$ {\phi}_s^{d\overline{d}} $$ in B0 s → (K+π−)(K−π+) decays (2018)

A bstract A flavour-tagged decay-time-dependent amplitude analysis of B s 0 → ( K + π − )( K − π + ) decays is presented in the K ± π ∓ mass range from 750 to 1600MeV/ c 2 . The analysis uses pp collision data collected with the LHCb detector at centre-of-mass energies of 7 and 8 TeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 3 . 0 fb −1 . Several quasi-two-body decay modes are considered, corresponding to K ± π ∓ combinations with spin 0, 1 and 2, which are dominated by the K 0 * (800) 0 and K 0 * (1430) 0 , the K * (892) 0 and the K 2 * (1430) 0 resonances, respectively. The longitudinal polarisation fraction for the $$ {B}_s^0\to {K}^{\ast }(892){}^{\circ}{\overline{K}}^{\ast }{(892)}^0 $$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:msubsup> <mml:mi>B</mml:mi> <mml:mi>s</mml:mi> <mml:mn>0</mml:mn> </mml:msubsup> <mml:mo>→</mml:mo> <mml:msup> <mml:mi>K</mml:mi> <mml:mo>∗</mml:mo> </mml:msup> <mml:mfenced> <mml:mn>892</mml:mn> </mml:mfenced> <mml:mi>°</mml:mi> <mml:msup> <mml:mover> <mml:mi>K</mml:mi> <mml:mo>¯</mml:mo> </mml:mover> <mml:mo>∗</mml:mo> </mml:msup> <mml:msup> <mml:mfenced> <mml:mn>892</mml:mn> </mml:mfenced> <mml:mn>0</mml:mn> </mml:msup> </mml:math> decay is measured as f L = 0 . 208 ± 0 . 032 ± 0 . 046, where the first uncertainty is statistical and the second is systematic. The first measurement of the mixing-induced CP -violating phase, $$ {\phi}_s^{d\overline{d}} $$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:msubsup> <mml:mi>ϕ</mml:mi> <mml:mi>s</mml:mi> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>d</mml:mi> <mml:mover> <mml:mi>d</mml:mi> <mml:mo>¯</mml:mo> </mml:mover> </mml:mrow> </mml:msubsup> </mml:math> , in $$ b\to d\overline{d}s $$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mi>b</mml:mi> <mml:mo>→</mml:mo> <mml:mi>d</mml:mi> <mml:mover> <mml:mi>d</mml:mi> <mml:mo>¯</mml:mo> </mml:mover> <mml:mi>s</mml:mi> </mml:math> transitions is performed, yielding a value of $$ {\phi}_s^{d\overline{d}}=-0.10\pm 0.13\left(\mathrm{stat}\right)\pm 0.14 $$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:msubsup> <mml:mi>ϕ</mml:mi> <mml:mi>s</mml:mi> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>d</mml:mi> <mml:mover> <mml:mi>d</mml:mi> <mml:mo>¯</mml:mo> </mml:mover> </mml:mrow> </mml:msubsup> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:mo>−</mml:mo> <mml:mn>0.10</mml:mn> <mml:mo>±</mml:mo> <mml:mn>0.13</mml:mn> <mml:mfenced> <mml:mi>stat</mml:mi> </mml:mfenced> <mml:mo>±</mml:mo> <mml:mn>0.14</mml:mn> </mml:math> (syst) rad.
[The study of major anaerobic bacteria from subgingival plaques of juvenile periodontitis]. (1991)

The studies of the subgingival plaques from juvenile periodontitis (JP) have shown that JP is associated with Haemophilus actinomycetemcomitans (H. a), Capnocytophaga (Capno.) and other species. This study was designed to study these species with Chinese JP patients using selective cultivable technique. The media used include TSBV to support H. a, TBBP to support Capno. and selective media for Bacteroides gingivalis. A total of 303 subgingival samples were collected from 43 JP, 31 gingivitis and 13 normal juvenile. It was found that the recovery rates of H. a and Capnocytophaga in JP group were higher than that in two other groups. The Black-pigmented Bacteroides had a similar recovery rate in JP and gingivitis groups, but higher than that in periodontal healthy group. The bacterial counts and the correlation analysis between bacteria findings and clinical indices were consistent with the above results.
160 Gbaud Nyquist optical time-division multiplexed signal transmission through 4 km emulated free-space turbulence link (2015)

An emulation method using Fourier transform and Fresnel theory is utilized to characterize beam propagation through free-space turbulence link. A spatial light modulator is utilized for the generation of phase screens to emulate the turbulence effects based on Fourier transform method. Fresnel theory based scaling is used to emulate the long-range turbulent propagation. Simulation results of 4 km beam propagation are firstly provided based on the method. A single 160 Gbaud Nyquist channel transmission experiment under 4 km emulated free-space turbulence link is then demonstrated. 100 phase screen statuses are generated through the spatial light modulator for 7 turbulence strengths. BER distributions under these statuses are measured to characterize the turbulence influence on the signal. Turbulence induced power fluctuation is found to be main reason of performance deterioration.
An Ontology-Based Semantic Expansion Search Model Using Semantic Condition Transform (2009)

Traditional Web Service search technology based on keyword is time consuming and inefficient. The search results are rather inaccurate. The essential reason is that description of Web Service lacks semantic information. Search Engines can't achieve the interaction automatically and intelligently among services. In this paper, we design and implement a SWSF-SP (Semantic Web Service Framework- Service Pool). Based on domain ontology, we introduce semantic condition expression converter which is designed to describe the SWS (Semantic Web Service) matchmaking condition and semantic expansion reasoning algorithm is applied to expand user's query keywords. The experimental results show that the SWSF-SP simplifies the process of SWS search. Moreover, the precision ratio and recall ratio are improved in comparison with traditional keyword search mode.
1 Million-Q Optomechanical Microdisk Resonators with Very Large Scale Integration (2017)

Cavity optomechanics have become a promising route towards the development of ultrasensitive sensors for a wide range of applications including mass, chemical and biological sensing. We demonstrate the potential of Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) with state-of-the-art low-loss performance silicon optomechanical microdisks for real-world applications. We report microdisks exhibiting optical Whispering Gallery Modes (WGM) with 1 million quality factors. These high-Q microdisks allow their Brownian motion to be resolved at few 100 MHz in ambient air. Such performance shows our VLSI process is a viable approach for the next generation of high-end sensors operating in vacuum, gas or liquid phase.
Culture-negative polymicrobial chronic Q fever prosthetic valve infective endocarditis utilizing 16S ribosomal RNA polymerase chain reaction on explanted valvular tissue (2022)

Coxiella burnetti is the causative organism of the zoonotic infection Q fever, of which endocarditis is one of the most common manifestations of the chronic form. Polymicrobial endocarditis with Q fever is extremely rare and is yet to be described among an Australasian cohort. SUMMARY: We present the case of a 32-year-old gardener with culture-negative chronic Q fever prosthetic valve endocarditis concomitant with another bacterial pathogen, leading to aortic root abscess formation, requiring a Bentall procedure, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, and prolonged antimicrobial therapy, with a fatal outcome. Unique to our case, Q fever was identified early, and the second pathogen was only detected on 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) polymerase chain reaction of explanted valvular tissue. Given the high risk for morbidity, we recommend that screening for Q fever in endemic areas among patients with infective endocarditis from other etiologies be considered. In addition, this case highlights the role for Q fever vaccination of the at-risk population with underlying valvulopathy. Furthermore, clinicians should be aware of polymicrobial infective endocarditis and suspicious in case of patients with atypical clinical features.
Liquid State Physics—A Statistical Mechanical Introduction (1975)

First published in 1974, Dr Croxton's book takes the reader from a consideration of the early ways in which the kinetic theory of gases was modified and applied to the liquid state, through a classical thermodynamic approach, to the modern cluster-diagrammatic quantum and statistical mechanical techniques. He includes chapters on the development and numerical solution of the integral equations relating the atomic structure to the pair potential, on the nature of the liquid surface, on the computer simulation schemes and on transport processes and irreversibility in the liquid phase.
Optimally Designing Capacity and Location of Caches to Reduce P2P Traffic (2010)

Traffic caused by P2P services dominates a large part of traffic on the Internet and imposes significant loads on the Internet, so reducing P2P traffic within networks is an important issue for ISPs. In particular, a huge amount of traffic is transferred within backbone networks; therefore reducing P2P traffic is important for transit ISPs to improve the efficiency of network resource usage and reduce network capital cost. To reduce P2P traffic, it is effective for ISPs to implement cache devices at some router ports and reduce the hop length of P2P flows by delivering the required content from caches. However, the design problem of cache locations and capacities has not been well investigated, although the effect of caches strongly depends on the cache locations and capacities. We propose an optimum design method of cache capacity and location for minimizing the total amount of P2P traffic based on dynamic programming, assuming that transit ISPs provide caches at transit links to access ISP networks. We apply the proposed design method to 31 actual ISP backbone networks.
Femto Clouds: Leveraging Mobile Devices to Provide Cloud Service at the Edge (2015)

Mobile devices are becoming increasingly capable computing platforms with significant processor power and memory. However, mobile compute capabilities are often underutilized. In this paper we consider how a collection of co-located devices can be orchestrated to provide a cloud service at the edge. Scenarios with co-located devices include, but are not limited to, passengers with mobile devices using public transit services, students in classrooms and groups of people sitting in a coffee shop. To this end, we propose the femtocloud system which provides a dynamic, self-configuring and multi-device mobile cloud out of a cluster of mobile devices. We present the femtocloud system architecture designed to enable multiple mobile devices to be configured into a coordinated cloud computing service despite churn in mobile device participation. We develop a prototype of our femtocloud system and use it in addition to simulations to evaluate the performance of the system showing its efficiency and ability to leverage the available devices' compute capacity. We contribute to a line of research on small, local and possibly private clouds.