gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The cloud computing technology application in the hospital information (2011)

The cloud computing technology has already become one of the IT hot spots in all of the world.The advantages can be applied in the regional information sharing of the hospital information.This article introduces the advantages of the cloud computing technology in the information sharing of the electronic medical records and the information sharing and storage of the medical imaging information.As well as,the cloud computing technology needs to solve some problems in the application of the hospital information.
Fabrication of a High-Performance Fertilizer To Control the Loss of Water and Nutrient Using Micro/Nano Networks (2015)

Nitrogen fertilizer tends to migrate into the environment through runoff, leaching and volatilization, causing severe environmental pollution. In this work, a high-performance water and nutrient loss control fertilizer (WNLCF) was developed by adding a high-energy electron beam (HEEB) dispersed attapulgite (HA)–sodium polyacrylate (P)–polyacrylamide (M) complex to traditional fertilizer. Therein, HA-P-M was used as the water and nutrient loss control agent (WNLCA), which could self-assemble to form three-dimensional (3D) micro/nano networks in aqueous phase. Thus, water and nutrient could be effectively combined and held in the networks which could be then retained in the soil via the filtering effect of soil, resulting in low loss of water and nutrient. Pot experiments of 15N labeled fertilizer indicated that WNLCF could effectively improve the amounts of fertilizer nutrients in the stem of corn and facilitate the growth of corn. Therefore, this work provides a promising approach to enhance the utilization efficiency of water and nutrient, and lower the pollution risk of fertilizer.
Ytterbium-DTPA A Potential Intravascular Contrast Agent (1986)

Ytterbium-DTPA was evaluated as a potential intravascular contrast agent. Ytterbium-DTPA was synthesized from ytterbium oxide and diethylene triamine penta-acetic acid (DTPA). CT scans of increasing concentrations of ytterbium and iodine showed that at 125 kVp, ytterbium was denser than an equal concentration of iodine. The LD50 of intravenous ytterbium-DTPA was 10 mM/kg (1.73 g ytterbium/kg) in rats. In enhanced CT scans and pulmonary angiography in dogs, ytterbium was visibly denser than iodine, and CT Hounsfield units showed greater enhancement of the aorta and inferior vena cava with ytterbium. The animals showed no sign of acute or delayed toxicity. Ytterbium-DTPA deserves further evaluation as a contrast agent for high kVp techniques.
Degradation processes at the cathode/organic interface in organic light emitting devices with Mg:Ag cathodes (1998)

We report electroluminescence degradation studies on tris(8-hydroxyquinoline) aluminum (Alq3)-based organic light emitting devices (OLEDs) with Mg:Ag cathodes in ambient conditions. The nonemissive spots in the OLEDs are studied via optical and fluorescence microscopy and via microscopic infrared spectroscopy. Studies reveal that a majority of the nonemissive spots are caused by the growth of Mg(OH)2 sites at the Alq3/Mg:Ag interface, associated with local degradation of the Alq3 layer. In addition, the growth of elevated cathode bubbles, which also lead to nonemissive spots, is found to be caused by gas evolution from the galvanic corrosion of the Mg/Ag couple as well as from the electrolysis of absorbed moisture.
Pituitary MRI Features in Acromegaly Resulting From Ectopic GHRH Secretion From a Neuroendocrine Tumor: Analysis of 30 Cases (2022)

This comprehensive study of pituitary MRI characteristics in ectopic acromegaly underlines the utility of performing T2-weighted sequences in the MRI evaluation of patients with acromegaly as an additional tool that can help to establish the correct diagnosis.
Thermal modeling for a potential high-level nuclear waste repository at Yucca Mountain, Nevada (1994)

Repository performance models based on numerical simulation of fluid and heat flows have recently been developed by several different groups. Model conceptualizations generally focus on large-scale average behavior. This comparison finds that current performance assessment (PA) models use generally similar approximations and parameters. Certain differences exist in some performance-relevant parameters, especially absolute permeabilities, characteristic curves, and thermal conductivities. These reflect present uncertainties about the most appropriate parameters applicable to Yucca Mountain and must be resolved through future field observations and laboratory measurements. For a highly heterogeneous fractured-porous hydrogeologic system such as Yucca Mountain, water infiltration through the unsaturated zone is expected to be dominated by highly localized phenomena. These include fast channelized flow along preferential paths in fractures, and frequent local ponding. The extended dry repository concept proposed by the Livermore group is reviewed. Predictions of large-scale drying around the repository on the average for large thermal loads cannot be taken to indicate that waste packages will not be contacted by liquid water, and that aqueous-phase transport of contaminants is not possible. Specifically, the authors find that modest water infiltration, on the order of a few millimeters per year, would be sufficient to overwhelm the vaporization capacity of the repository heat and inundate the waste packages within a time frame of a few thousand years. A preliminary analysis indicates that channelized flow of water may persist over large vertical distances. The vaporization-condensation cycle has a capacity for generating huge amounts of ponded water. A small fraction of the total condensate, if ponded and then episodically released, would be sufficient to cause liquid phase to make contact with the waste packages.
QT dispersion plus st‐segment depression: A new predictor of restenosis after successful percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (1999)

The addition of QTd to ST-segment depression during exercise test improves the diagnostic value and can be used as a noninvasive tool in the diagnosis of restenosis after PTCA.
Design of reconfigurable composite microsystems based on hardware/software codesign principles (2002)

Composite microsystems that integrate mechanical and fluidic components with electronics are emerging as the next generation of system-on-a-chip. Custom microsystems are expensive, inflexible, and unsuitable for high-volume production. The authors address this problem by leveraging hardware/software codesign principles to design reconfigurable composite microsystems. They partition the system design parameters into nonreconfigurable and reconfigurable categories. In this way, operational flexibility is enhanced and the microsystems are designed for a wider range of application. In addition, the Taguchi robust design method is used to make the system robust, and response surface methodologies are used to explore the widest performance range for the system. A case study is presented for a microvalve, which serves as a representative microelectrofluidic device.
Seamless Integration of Coding and Gameplay: Writing Code Without Knowing it. (2015)

Numerous designers and researchers have called for seamless integration of education and play in educational games. In the domain of games that teach coding, seamless integration has not been achieved. We present a system (The Orb Game) to demonstrate an extreme level of integration: in which the coding is so seamlessly integrated that players do not realize they are coding. Our evaluation shows that the integration was successful: players felt that they were playing a game and did not realize they were programming. We also present a generalized framework called Programming by Gaming (PbG) to guide the design of other such games.
A Collagen Hydrolysate Containing Tripeptides Ameliorates Sarcopenia in Middle-Aged Mice (2022)

Collagen peptide (CP) and collagen tripeptide (CTP) are supplementary health foods that exhibit several biological effects. However, the effects of collagen on age-associated sarcopenia and its underlying mechanisms are unclear. C57BL/6J mice (<i>n</i> = 24, 12 months old) were divided into three dietary groups and administered AIN93G (aging control, AC; JA BIO, Suwon, Korea), AIN93G plus 0.2% CP, and AING93G plus 0.2% CTP supplement for 12 weeks. The results indicated that the CP and CTP supplements significantly increased the weight of the quadriceps tibialis anterior and gastrocnemius muscles and reduced body fat. A morphological analysis revealed that the spaces within the muscle cells were tight with attenuated fibrosis following CP and CTP supplementation. Immunohistochemistry was applied and a Western blot analysis was performed to determine the underlying mechanisms. The CTP supplement increased the expression of IGF-1, PI3K/AKT, and mTOR, whereas the CP supplement increased the expression of IGF-1 and AMPK in the gastrocnemius of aging mice. CP and CTP ameliorate age-associated sarcopenia through different mechanisms.
Polarization Processes in Partially Illuminated Photoconducting Insulators (1959)

A quantitative analysis of polarization phenomena in photoconducting insulators is presented for the case in which a strip of the sample is illuminated far from the electrodes. It is shown that if the drift length of the photo-excited carriers is small compared with the dimensions of the dark and illuminated regions, the photocurrent decays exponentially during both the buildup and release of polarization. The decay constant is essentially independent of the characteristics of the contacts and the applied voltage, and can be expressed in terms of geometrical factors and the photoconductance of the illuminated strip. The conclusions of the analysis are checked in colored single crystals of NaCl. The experimental results are found to be in satisfactory agreement with the theory presented.
A brief review on Pleiotropic effects of Pirfenidone - novel and ongoing outcomes (2019)

Presently, there is a huge hype and excitement in the field of synthetic biologics and engineering regarding growing cases of their implication in various fields including health care systems. Furthermore, despite its large body of suggestive and fascinating accomplishments, the synthetic area is always been subject of much more prejudice and debate. However, over a couple of years, the generation of researchers had tested one of such disease modifying compound Pirfenidone (Esbriet®), to unleash their potential in the different disciplines of interventional pharmacology and therapy. In this pipeline, depending on its success of multiple missions, in context to advancing the therapy for different diseases, it became the first prescribed medicine to treat the people with one characteristic lung disorder called idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). This review discusses the different therapeutic strategies beyond its well-known anti-fibrotic activity in several well-characterized animals, cell-based and human models and also regarding facts of Pirfenidone (PFD) as anti-inflammatory, anti-fibrinogenic, anti-oxidants including in the treatment of diabetic neuropathy, liver cirrhosis etc. This review also contains current investigations, focusing mainly on the novel findings and their outcomes in improving the quality of life of patients with different conditions and also suggests their implication on the basis of fundamental existential evidences to break the major impediment in transforming this disease-modifying drug into a personalized medicine.
Generating Information-Rich Taxonomy Using Wikipedia (2012)

単語の上位下位関係を自動獲得する研究はこれまで活発に行われてきたが，上位概念の詳細さに関する議論はほとんどなされてこなかった．自動獲得された上位下位関係の中には，例えば「作品→七人の侍」や「作品→1Q84」のように，より適切と考えられる上位概念「映画」や「小説」と比べて広範囲な概念をカバーする上位概念（「作品」）が含まれることがある．このような上位概念を検索や質問応答などのタスクにおいて利用すると，より詳細な上位概念を利用する手法と比較して有用でないことが多い．そこで本論文では，自動獲得した上位下位関係を，Wikipedia の情報を利用することでより詳細にする手法を提案する．例えば「作品→七人の侍」から，「作品→映画監督の作品→黒澤明の作品→七人の侍」のように，単語「七人の侍」の上位概念（かつ，単語「作品」の下位概念）として，2種類の中間ノード「黒澤明の作品」，「映画監督の作品」を生成することにより，元の上位下位関係を詳細化する．自動獲得した 1,925,676 ペアの上位下位関係を対象とした実験では，最も詳細な上位概念となる一つ目の中間ノード（「黒澤明の作品」など）を重み付き適合率 85.3%で 2,719,441 個，二つ目の中間ノード（「映画監督の作品」など）を重み付き適合率 78.6% で 6,347,472 個生成し，高精度に上位下位関係を詳細化できることを確認した．さらに，生成した上位下位関係が「対象–属性–属性値」として解釈できることについても報告する．
Regulation of phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase levels and effect on serine synthesis in Escherichia coli K-12 (1980)

The level of phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase, the first enzyme in the biosynthetic pathway to serine and glycine, has been studied in Escherichia coli grown under different conditions. The enzyme level was not reduced by growth in a medium which contained the end products of the pathway, nor was it elevated when the growth rates was limited by the supply of serine. Elevation of phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase did not occur when charging of tRNA ser was inhibited by serine hydroxamate. However, phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase levels were subject to regulation. Elevated levels of enzyme activity were observed in merodiploids containing multiple copies of the serA gene, and lowered enzyme levels were found in cells grown on carbon sources other than glucose or when certain amino acids were present in the growth medium. The combined effect of these nutritional changes (carbon source and amino acids) reduced the level of phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase to 10 to 12% of that found in wild-type cells and to about 5% of the level in the merodiploids. By using antibody prepared against purified phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase we established that the decrease in enzyme activity reflected decreased amounts of enzyme protein. Constant intracellular concentrations of 3-phosphoglycerate and serine were found in cells with marked differences in phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase activity, indicating that end product inhibition of phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase activity, rather than the amount of the biosynthetic enzymes, is the major factor in regulating the intracellular concentration of serine.
Clinical Manifestations of Cuticular Drusen: Current Perspectives (2021)

Cuticular drusen are part of the spectrum of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) with particular clinical and multimodal imaging characteristics. This drusen subpopulation shares several high-risk single nucleotide polymorphisms with AMD. Despite this feature, they can manifest at a relatively young age, presenting with a female preponderance. Multimodal imaging is essential for characterizing such lesions, using a combination of color fundus photographs, optical coherence tomography (OCT), fluorescein angiography (FA), and fundus autofluorescence (FAF). The classic starry-sky pattern visible on FA and the typical central hypoautofluorescent lesion with hyperautofluorescent rim on FAF is considered the result of a central retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) erosion from these triangular elevations of the RPE-basal lamina. This finding may also be responsible for the typical choroidal hypertransmission appreciated through OCT. The clinical course of cuticular drusen may be relatively benign at early stages, with small drusen presenting at a young age. However, the presence of clinical phenotypes characterized by diffuse involvement and/or accompanying large drusen in patients older than 60 years may confer a significant risk for either macular neovascularization or geographic atrophy.
Abstract C142: Safety of single-walled carbon nanotubes for delivery of siRNA (2009)

Abstract siRNA is a leading potential new cancer therapy but currently lacks an adequate delivery mechanism. Ensysce has been exploring the use of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNT) as delivery vehicles for siRNA delivery and has previously reported on the in vitro and in vivo efficacy of this platform. This study was conducted to determine what if any toxicities result from the use of SWCNT and identify toxicities that may be directly attributed to this delivery vehicle. For this application, it is not only necessary to determine the maximal load of SWCNT that can be tolerated, the dose limiting toxicities and the fate of the material in the body, but also to carefully prepare the SWCNT suspensions to ensure that contaminating metals, nanotube aggregates and other materials are not present when administered systemically. Ensysce Biosciences has been exploring the safe use of this material and here presents its latest findings from a toxicology study where the total dose of 50 and 100 g of fully suspended and individualized SWCNT were administered to groups of 3 mice. Mice were sacrificed at 12, 24, 48 hr and 1 week following i.v. administration. Blood chemistry and hematology were evaluated at each time point. Urine and feces were collected at 12, and 24 hr. Organs, including spleen, liver, kidney, heart, lung and brain were examined macroscopically and by near IR-fluorescence for the presence of SWCNT. The presence and persistence of SWCNT in the tissues was measured. Data to be presented will include details of the analytical characterization of the SWCNT preparations that were delivered, showing that the tubes were well dispersed and individualized. At both the 24 hr and 1 week timepoints, blood chemistry and hematology showed no evidence of toxicity, as values for all were within the normal ranges. Macroscopic examination of organs indicated that SWCNT were present in liver and spleen at 24 hr. Near IR-fluorescence spectroscopy demonstrated that the nanotube accumulation in the spleen decreased over a 1 week period. Data will be presented showing that a 100 g dose (equivalent to 30 mg in humans) was well tolerated and non-toxic. These studies have led to further work examining limits for use of SWCNT for siRNA delivery, including stability of the siRNA complexes in serum, siRNA loading efficiency and systemic efficacy. Citation Information: Mol Cancer Ther 2009;8(12 Suppl):C142.
<title>Automatic motion correction of clinical shoulder MR images</title> (1999)

A technique for the automatic correction of motion artifacts in MR images was developed. The algorithm uses only the raw (complex) data from the MR scanner, and requires no knowledge of the patient motion during the acquisition. It operates by searching over the space of possible patient motions and determining the motion which, when used to correct the image, optimizes the image quality. The performance of this algorithm was tested in coronal images of the rotator cuff in a series of 144 patients. A four observer comparison of the autocorrelated images with the uncorrected images demonstrated that motion artifacts were significantly reduced in 48% of the cases. The improvements in image quality were similar to those achieved with a previously reported navigator echo-based adaptive motion correction. The results demonstrate that autocorrelation is a practical technique for retrospectively reducing motion artifacts in a demanding clinical MRI application. It achieves performance comparable to a navigator based correction technique, which is significant because autocorrection does not require an imaging sequence that has been modified to explicitly track motion during acquisition. The approach is flexible and should be readily extensible to other types of MR acquisitions that are corrupted by global motion.
Conventional inactivated bivalent H5/H7 vaccine prevents viral localization in muscles of turkeys infected experimentally with low pathogenic avian influenza and highly pathogenic avian influenza H7N1 isolates (2008)

Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) viruses cause viraemia and systemic infections with virus replication in internal organs and muscles; in contrast, low pathogenicity avian influenza (LPAI) viruses produce mild infections with low mortality rates and local virus replication. There is little available information on the ability of LPAI viruses to cause viraemia or on the presence of avian influenza viruses in general in the muscles of infected turkeys. The aim of the present study was to determine the ability of LPAI and HPAI H7N1 viruses to reach muscle tissues following experimental infection and to determine the efficacy of vaccination in preventing viraemia and meat localization. The potential of infective muscle tissue to act as a source of infection for susceptible turkeys by mimicking the practice of swill-feeding was also investigated. The HPAI virus was isolated from blood and muscle tissues of all unvaccinated turkeys; LPAI could be isolated only from blood of one bird and could be detected only by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction in muscles. In contrast, no viable virus or viral RNA could be detected in muscles of vaccinated/challenged turkeys, indicating that viral localization in muscle tissue is prevented in vaccinated birds.
Study of the effect of melittin on the thermotropism of dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine by Raman spectroscopy (1987)

The effect of amphiphilic toxin melittin (Mel) on the thermotropic behavior of dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC) has been studied by Raman spectroscopy. The spectra show that for complexes that were incubated above 40 degrees C, melittin does not penetrate DPPC bilayers in the gel state as an intrinsic protein since the conformation of the lipid acyl chains is just slightly perturbed by the toxin. Instead, at the DPPC/Mel molar ratios investigated (Ri = 5 and 15), Raman results suggest the formation of discoidal particles as complexes of apolipoproteins with phosphatidylcholines. These lipid/protein assemblies are characterized by a high conformational order, low intermolecular chain-chain interactions due to the size of the particles, and a low cooperativity of the gel to liquid-crystalline transition. The latter is biphasic for samples studied. It is believed that aggregation of these particles into larger ones occurs when the bilayers become less stable at higher temperature and that melittin is partially embedded into the hydrophobic core of the larger lipid/protein units. The freezing of the dispersion at approximately 0 degrees C also causes a reversible aggregation of the particles that leads to the formation of domains in which the interchain interactions are very similar to that of the pure lipid. The small particles of DPPC/Mel are also metastable, and with time, they form larger aggregates from which melittin is expulsed.
Whose Turn is it?: Designing for Overlapping Grammar between Applications and the Voice Browser (2003)

Voice applications commonly share grammar elements with a supporting voice browser. This overlap creates the need for a rule set to determine whether a given instance should be handled by the browser or the application. Further, the browser grammar may interfere with the recognition of the application grammar and the application developer must be able to mitigate for this potential problem. This paper describes an approach which allows the browser administrator to specify instances which must be handled by the browser and also gives the application developer the ability to weight the application grammar relative to the Global Grammar. The solution described here is consistent with the theory that usability professionals should be involved not only in application user interface design, but also in platform design.
Digital laser printing of aluminum micro-structure on thermally sensitive substrates (2015)

Aluminum metal is of particular interest for use in printed electronics due to its low cost, high conductivity and low migration rate in electrically driven organic-based devices. However, the high reactivity of Al particles at the nano-scale is a major obstacle in preparing stable inks from this metal. We describe digital printing of aluminum micro-structures by laser-induced forward transfer in a sub-nanosecond pulse regime. We manage to jet highly stable molten aluminum micro-droplets with very low divergence, less than 2 mrad, from 500 nm thin metal donor layers. We analyze the micro-structural properties of the print geometry and their dependence on droplet volume, print gap and spreading. High quality printing of aluminum micro-patterns on plastic and paper is demonstrated.