gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Structure and activity of the only human RNase T2 (2012)

Mutations in the gene of human RNase T2 are associated with white matter disease of the human brain. Although brain abnormalities (bilateral temporal lobe cysts and multifocal white matter lesions) and clinical symptoms (psychomotor impairments, spasticity and epilepsy) are well characterized, the pathomechanism of RNase T2 deficiency remains unclear. RNase T2 is the only member of the Rh/T2/S family of acidic hydrolases in humans. In recent years, new functions such as tumor suppressing properties of RNase T2 have been reported that are independent of its catalytic activity. We determined the X-ray structure of human RNase T2 at 1.6 Å resolution. The α+β core fold shows high similarity to those of known T2 RNase structures from plants, while, in contrast, the external loop regions show distinct structural differences. The catalytic features of RNase T2 in presence of bivalent cations were analyzed and the structural consequences of known clinical mutations were investigated. Our data provide further insight into the function of human RNase T2 and may prove useful in understanding its mode of action independent of its enzymatic activity.
Optical characterization of ITO films on fluorescent borate glasses for high efficiency solar cells (2011)

Solar cells with a cover glass have a poor response in the blue and near UV spectral range due to absorption in the glass and the front contact layer. The efficiency of these solar cells can be improved by replacing the top glass by a spectral converter, i.e. a frequency down-converter, without modifying the solar cell itself. Potential candidates are fluorescent, samarium-doped borate glasses. They convert the incident violet and blue part of the solar spectrum to visible red light, which is more efficiently absorbed by the solar cell. The optical properties of borate glasses with different network modifiers are investigated. Transmission spectra of undoped sodium, barium, and lead borate glass reveal significant differences in the absorption edge. Optical simulations were performed to determine the complex refractive indices of the glasses. In addition, the different borate glasses were used as substrates for deposition of a conductive indium tin oxide (ITO) film. The deposition is done by radio frequency magnetron sputtering. The layer thickness is subsequently analyzed by profilometry and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of cross-section samples. Again, optical simulations provide the refractive indices of the ITO films. Apart from the optical parameters, the electrical ones such as resistivity and I-V characteristics are determined. Moreover, the influence of different sputter parameters, i.e. gas pressure, oxygen flow, and film thickness on the optical and electrical properties of the deposited films is investigated.
Thermische Umlagerung von 2‐Oxa‐bicyclo [3.3.1]‐non‐7‐en‐3‐on; eine neuartige Lactonumlagerung. Vorläufige Mitteilung (1979)

Thermal Rearrangement of 2‐Oxa‐bicyclo [3.3.1]‐non‐7‐en‐3‐ones; a Novel Lactone Rearrangement Lactone (+)‐ 2 was prepared by iodolactonisation and subsequent elimination in 51% yield from the known acid (+)‐ 1 ( Scheme 1 ). Alkylation of (+)‐ 2 furnished (+)‐ 3a , (+)‐ 3b and (+)‐ 3c , respectively ( Scheme 2 ). Heating of (+)‐ 3a in boiling DMF racemized the compound ((+)‐ 3a ⇆ (−)‐ 4a ). Heating of (+)‐ 3b and (+)‐ 3c , respectively, equilibrated them with (−)‐ 4b and (−)‐ 4c , respectively. This results are interpreted as a [3.3]‐sigmatropic rearrangement with a transition state as depicted in a .
Weak Crystal Field in Yttrium Gallium Garnet (YGG) Submicrocrystals Doped with Cr3+ (2012)

Yttrium gallium garnet (YGG) submicrocrystals having 80 nm average diameters doped with Cr3+ (0.1–40%) were synthesized by the citrate method. Pure cubic garnets were obtained in wide range (0.1–15%) of dopant concentration. Chromium ions replace Ga3+ at the octahedral sites and experience an intermediate or weak crystal field, depending only on Cr3+ concentration. The weak crystal field is observed when the dopant concentration exceeds 3%. The origin of such behavior is discussed.
Radical Addition of Iodoperfluoroalkanes to Vinyl and Allyl Monomers (1962)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTRadical Addition of Iodoperfluoroalkanes to Vinyl and Allyl MonomersNeal O. BraceCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1962, 27, 9, 3033–3038Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1962Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1962https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01056a011https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01056a011research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views400Altmetric-Citations89LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Development of flexible stimulation devices for a retina implant system (1997)

Different research groups are focusing their work on the development of a neural prostheses to aid patients suffering from blindness. In some diseases (retinitis pigmentosa or macula degeneration), degeneration of the photoreceptors often leaves the ganglion cell layer and the central vision system largely intact. This paper outlines the authors' approach of interfacing the retina with flexible multielectrode structures for ganglion cell stimulation. Results are given on the material selection for substrate materials and the design for flexible stimulation devices. By means of cytotoxicity testing, in a first step of an evaluation procedure, the biocompatibility of different substrate and coating materials has been investigated. The methods were sensitive to such a degree that even the influence of changes in process technology on the material was detected. Different geometric test structures have been created that led to the design of flexible, light-weighted stimulation devices with integrated cables. The devices were fabricated using micromachining technology. The authors used polyimide as substrate and insulation layers and platinum as electrode and interconnect metallization layers. The first structures were distributed to the partners for acute and chronic implantation in animal models.
Development of an optical fiber transducer applied to the measurement of finger movements (2012)

A flexible and low-cost optical fiber transducer based on light attenuation by microbending was designed for the measurement of angular displacements. The transducer was tested for predetermined rotations, presenting a higher sensitivity for angles &gt;10° by spacing the periodicity of the deformers by 2 mm. In addition, the performance on the measurement of angles &lt;10° was also enhanced by the specklegram analysis, yielding to a linear response. Furthermore, the glove-mounted sensor was applied on the detection of the proximal interphalangeal joint, by performing the calibration by artificial neural networks, resulting in calculated angle values compatible to the nominal ones.
Paving the way for third harmonic generation in hollow-core photonic bandgap fibers (2014)

We present two novel hybrid photonic structures made of silica that possess two well-separated frequency bandgaps. The addition of interstitial air holes in a precise location and size allows these bandgaps to open up with a ratio of ${\sim3}$ between their central frequencies at the air line ${ck_z/w=1}$, thus fulfilling the basic guidance condition for third harmonic generation in hollow-core fibers. In addition, these designs may serve as high-power laser delivery of two well-separated wavelengths, such as visible and near infrared.
A Model Combining Oscillations and Attractor Dynamics for Generation of Grid Cell Firing (2012)

Different models have been able to account for different features of the data on grid cell firing properties, including the relationship of grid cells to cellular properties and network oscillations. This paper describes a model that combines elements of two major classes of models of grid cells: models using interactions of oscillations and models using attractor dynamics. This model includes a population of units with oscillatory input representing input from the medial septum. These units are termed heading angle cells because their connectivity depends upon heading angle in the environment as well as the spatial phase coded by the cell. These cells project to a population of grid cells. The sum of the heading angle input results in standing waves of circularly symmetric input to the grid cell population. Feedback from the grid cell population increases the activity of subsets of the heading angle cells, resulting in the network settling into activity patterns that resemble the patterns of firing fields in a population of grid cells. The properties of heading angle cells firing as conjunctive grid-by-head-direction cells can shift the grid cell firing according to movement velocity. The pattern of interaction of oscillations requires use of separate populations that fire on alternate cycles of the net theta rhythmic input to grid cells.
Magnetic resonance imaging: A potential tool in assessing the addition of hyperthermia to neoadjuvant therapy in patients with locally advanced breast cancer (2010)

The poor overall survival for patients with locally advanced breast cancers has led over the past decade to the introduction of numerous neoadjuvant combined therapy regimens to down-stage the disease before surgery. At the same time, more evidence suggests the need for treatment individualisation with a wide variety of new targets for cancer therapeutics and also multi modality therapies. In this context, early determination of whether the patient will fail to respond can enable the use of alternative therapies that can be more beneficial. The purpose of this review is to examine the potential role of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in early prediction of treatment response and prognosis of overall survival in locally advanced breast cancer patients enrolled on multi modality therapy trials that include hyperthermia. The material is organised with a review of dynamic contrast (DCE)-MRI and diffusion weighted (DW)-MRI for characterisation of phenomenological parameters of tumour physiology and their potential role in estimating therapy response. Most of the work published in this field has focused on responses to neoadjuvant chemotherapy regimens alone, so the emphasis will be there, however the available data that involves the addition of hyperthermia to the regimen will be discussed The review will also include future directions that include the potential use of MRI imaging techniques in establishing the role of hyperthermia alone in modifying breast tumour microenvironment, together with specific challenges related to performing such studies.
How an ordeal becomes the norm: A qualitative exploration of experiences of self‐cannulation in male home haemodialysis patients (2018)

The findings from this study suggest that some patients' initial fears of self-cannulation can be overcome. These findings offer health care professionals and patients alike a greater understanding of how patients who self-cannulate conceptualize it and its role in their mental and physical health. Statement of contribution What is already known on this subject? Home haemodialysis is a cost-effective form of renal replacement therapy which is under-utilized in the United Kingdom. Home haemodialysis is associated with positive health outcomes. Self-cannulation is noted as a barrier to home haemodialysis. What does this study add? Describes the process by which male dialysis patients became proficient in self-cannulation. Highlights psychological mechanisms which may facilitate and maintain self-cannulation. Suggests practical techniques which can be incorporated into renal clinics and care plans.
Challenge and promise: The future of the energy business (1991)

It is natural for students, as they approach graduation, to speculate about the future and to examine developments that may influence a choice of career as well as shape the direction that career may take.
Bilateral Posterior Tibial Tendon and Flexor Digitorum Longus Dislocations (2016)

Level V: Case report.
TIKI: a 10-micron Earth-like planet finder for the Gemini South telescope (2018)

The TIKI instrument is a next generation 10-micron cryogenic extreme adaptive optics (ExAO) imager being designed for the Gemini South telescope. Its goal is to detect the thermal emission of Earth-like planets in orbit around Alpha Centauri A or B. TIKI is also a prototype for future TMT instruments capable of imaging Earth- like planets around a larger star sample, and performing low spectral resolution characterization to search for biomarkers on detected planets. The science module will operate at cryogenic temperature in order to minimize thermal background, dominant in the 10-micron wavelength range. The instrument will use Adaptive Optics, a vortex coronagraph, focal plane wavefront sensing, and advanced post-processing techniques to reach a 1E-7 contrast in less than 200 hours of observing time. It aims to be background-limited in the 2-5&lambda;/D zone, which corresponds to the habitable zone around the two Sun-like stars of the Alpha Centauri system. In this paper, we give an overview of the project goals, present TIKI's conceptual optical design, and summarize preliminary simulation results.
Location, Location, Location: How Vascular Specialization Influences Hematopoietic Fates During Development (2020)

During embryonic development, sequential waves of hematopoiesis give rise to blood-forming cells with diverse lineage potentials and self-renewal properties. This process must accomplish two important yet divergent goals: the rapid generation of differentiated blood cells to meet the needs of the developing embryo and the production of a reservoir of hematopoietic stem cells to provide for life-long hematopoiesis in the adult. Vascular beds in distinct anatomical sites of extraembryonic tissues and the embryo proper provide the necessary conditions to support these divergent objectives, suggesting a critical role for specialized vascular niche cells in regulating disparate blood cell fates during development. In this review, we will examine the current understanding of how organ- and stage-specific vascular niche specialization contributes to the development of the hematopoietic system.
Flapping Wings with DC-Motors via Direct, Elastic Transmissions (2012)

Prototype developed in this study demonstrates that, in concert with elastic transmission, DC motors can be utilized to directly actuate wings at high frequencies and large angles. Tuned to resonate, elastic transmission evades the DC motor from producing high torque to actuate the prototype’s inertia. Wings are directly driven by the DC motor to avoid the application of nonlinear transmission that will diminish the benefit of the resonance. Without any nonlinear transmission, the reciprocating motion of the wings is constructed by driving the DC motor sinusoidally instead of continuous spin.
3D multiscale-imaging of processing-induced defects formed during sintering of hierarchical powder packings (2019)

The characterization of the processing-induced defects is an essential step for developing defect-free processing, which is important to the assurance of structural reliability of brittle ceramics. The multiscale X-ray computed tomography, consisting of micro-CT as a wide-field and low-resolution system and nano-CT as a narrow-field and high-resolution system, is suitable for observing crack-like defects with small length and with very small crack opening displacement. Here we applied this powerful imaging tool in order to reveal the complicated three-dimensional morphology of defects evolved during sintering of alumina. The hierarchical packing structure of granules was the origin of several types of strength-limiting defects, which could not be eliminated due to the differential sintering of heterogeneous microstructures. This imaging technique of internal defects provides a link between the processing and the fracture strength for the development of structural materials.
The design and construction of high field-uniformity permanent magnet system for MRI (1992)

It is shown that ferromagnetic pole pieces can effectively improve the field uniformity of an MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) device. First, the specially designed ferromagnetic pole pieces are placed onto the surfaces of the main permanent-magnet poles to improve the field uniformity preliminarily. Then, the necessary field uniformity is obtained by using the magneto-dipoles which are suitably placed in the field domain. The specially designed pole pieces can increase the field-uniformity by two orders of magnitude.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Exact and approximate Hartree–Fock calculations for extended metallic systems (1992)

Abstract Starting out with the electron gas, we make a survey of the reasons for the singularity in the derivative of the orbital energy with respect to the wave number at the Fermi level for a realistic extended metallic system. Some properties of the occupation function are reviewed and it is pointed out that the direct reason for the singularity resides in a divergent lattice sum originating in the exchange part of the orbital energy. Numerical aspects are discussed, in particular with reference to the difficulty in detecting this singularity in actual computations.
Automation Reliability in Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Control: A Reliance-Compliance Model of Automation Dependence in High Workload (2006)

Practical implications are that automated aids must be fairly reliable to provide global benefits and that false alarms and misses have qualitatively different effects on performance.
Nano-mechanical tuning and imaging of a photonic crystal micro-cavity resonance (2006)

We show that nano-mechanical interaction using atomic force microscopy (AFM) can be used to map out mode-patterns of an optical micro-resonator with high spatial accuracy. Furthermore we demonstrate how the Q-factor and center wavelength of such resonances can be sensitively modified by both horizontal and vertical displacement of an AFM tip consisting of either Si(3)N(4) or Si material. With a silicon tip we are able to tune the resonance wavelength by 2.3 nm, and to set Q between values of 615 and zero, by expedient positioning of the AFM tip. We find full on/off switching for less than 100 nm vertical, and for 500 nm lateral displacement at the strongest resonance antinode locations.
Review of casein phosphopeptides-amorphous calcium phosphate. (2014)

Casein phosphopeptides-amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP-ACP) is a bioactive agent with a base of milk products, which has been formulated from two parts: casein phosphopeptides (CPP) and amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP). CPP was produced from milk protein casein and has a remarkable ability to stabilize calcium phosphate in solution and to substantially increase the level of calcium phosphate in dental plaque. CPP-ACP buffers the free calcium and phosphate ion activities, thereby helping to maintain a state of supersaturation with respect to tooth enamel, reducing demineralisation and promoting remineralisation. The free calcium and phosphate ions move out of the CPP, enter the enamel rods and reform onto apatite crystals. Laboratory, animal and human studies have shown that CPP-ACP inhibits cariogenic activity. CPP-ACP is useful in the treatment of white spot lesions, hypomineralised enamel, mild fluorosis, tooth sensitivity and erosion, and prevents plaque accumulation around brackets and other orthodontic appliances. CPP-ACP also facilitates a normal post-eruptive maturation process and is ideal for protecting primary teeth at a time when oral care is difficult. CPP-ACP has commercial potential as an additive to foods, soft drinks and chewing gum, as well as additive to toothpastes and mouthwashes to control dental caries.
Use of Dried Blood Spots to Elucidate Full-Length Transmitted/Founder HIV-1 Genomes (2016)

These findings support the use of DBS as a practical and cost-effective alternative to frozen plasma for clinical trials and translational research conducted in resource-limited settings.
Monitoring dynamically changing environments by ubiquitous vision system (2003)

Accurate and efficient monitoring of dynamically changing environments is one of the most important requirements for visual surveillance systems. This paper describes development of a ubiquitous vision system for this monitoring purpose. The system consisting of multiple omni-directional vision sensors is developed to address two specific surveillance tasks: (1) Robust and accurate tracking and profiling of human activities, (2) Dynamic synthesis of virtual views for observing the environment from arbitrary vantage points.
Quicker dosage adjustment for transdermal fentanyl (1997)

Journal Article Quicker dosage adjustment for transdermal fentanyl Get access Jeffrey Fudin, Jeffrey Fudin Clinical Pharmacy Specialist Pain Management/Oncology; Nutrition/High-Tech Infusion Services; Stratton Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Albany, NY Address reprint requests to Mr. Fudin at Stratton Veterans Affairs Medical Center (119), 113 Holland Avenue, Albany, NY 12208. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Charlotte Toledo-Binette, Charlotte Toledo-Binette Pharmacy Practice Resident Pain Management/Oncology; Nutrition/High-Tech Infusion Services; Stratton Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Albany, NY Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar David M. Kupiak, David M. Kupiak Clinical Oncology Pharmacist Pain Management/Oncology; Nutrition/High-Tech Infusion Services; Stratton Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Albany, NY Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Kerry R. Johnston, Kerry R. Johnston Clinical Pharmacy Specialist Pain Management/Oncology; Nutrition/High-Tech Infusion Services; Stratton Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Albany, NY Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Howard S. Smith, M.D. Howard S. Smith, M.D. Anesthesiologist Pain Management/Oncology; Nutrition/High-Tech Infusion Services; Stratton Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Albany, NY Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy, Volume 54, Issue 1, 1 January 1997, Pages 87–88, https://doi.org/10.1093/ajhp/54.1.87 Published: 01 January 1997