gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Optimization of clustering criteria by reformulation (1995)

Various hard, fuzzy and possibilistic clustering criteria (objective functions) are useful as bases for a variety of pattern recognition problems. At present, many of these criteria have customized individual optimization algorithms. Because of the specialized nature of these algorithms, experimentation with new and existing criteria can be very inconvenient and costly in terms of development and implementation time. This paper shows how to reformulate some clustering criteria so that specialized algorithms can be replaced by general optimization routines found in commercially available software. We prove that the original and reformulated versions of each criterion are fully equivalent. Finally, two numerical examples are given to illustrate reformulation.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Diastereoselective Synthesis of New ψ[(E)-CHCMe]- and ψ[(Z)-CHCMe]-type Alkene Dipeptide Isosteres by Organocopper Reagents and Application to Conformationally Restricted Cyclic RGD Peptidomimetics (2002)

Diastereoselective synthesis of new psi[(E)-CH=CMe]- and psi[(Z)-CH=CMe]-type alkene dipeptide isosteres corresponding to dipeptides having one N-methylamino acid, and application to bioactive peptides, are described. In a key reaction introducing the chiral alpha-alkyl group of the isosteres, organocopper-mediated alkylation of syn-beta-methylated gamma-mesyloxy-alpha,beta-enoate 26a afforded E- and Z-isomers of anti-S(N)2' products in a solvent-dependent manner. The resulting two isosteres, D-Phe-psi[(E)-CH=CMe]-L-Val 27a and D-Phe-psi[(Z)-CH=CMe]-L-Val 28b, which corresponded to trans- and cis-conformers of D-Phe-L-MeVal, respectively, were utilized in a structure-activity relationship study on cyclic RGD peptides 1 and 2, in company with a psi[(E)-CH=CH]-type alkene dipeptide isostere, D-Phe-psi[(E)-CH=CH]-L-Val. The cyclic isostere-containing pseudopeptides 3, 4, and 40 were synthesized and biological activity against integrin alpha(V)beta(3) and alpha(IIb)beta(3) receptors were also evaluated.
1,4-Addition of Arylsiloxanes to Enones Catalyzed by Dicationic Palladium(II) Complexes in Aqueous Media (2003)

Abstract Catalytic 1,4-addition of arylsiloxanes to enones was carried out at 75 °C in the presence of a dicationic palladium(II) catalyst in aqueous 1,4-dioxane. A nitrile-free complex generated in situ from Pd(dba)2 and Cu(BF4)2 in the presence of dppe or dppben was recognized to be the best catalyst to achieve high yields for the representative enones and enals.
Development of Bridged Nucleic Acid Analogues for Antigene Technology (2004)

In the last decade, increased efforts have been directed toward the development of oligonucleotide-based technologies for genome analyses, diagnostics, or therapeutics. Among them, an antigene strategy is one promising technology to regulate gene expression in living cells. Stable triplex formation between the triplex-forming oligonucleotide (TFO) and the target double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) is fundamental to the antigene strategy. However, there are two major drawbacks in triplex formation by a natural TFO: low stability of the triplex and limitations of the target DNA sequence. To overcome these problems, we have developed various bridged nucleic acids (BNAs), and found that the 2',4'-BNA modification of oligonucleotides strongly promotes parallel motif triplex formation under physiological conditions. Some nucleobase analogues to extend the target DNA sequence were designed, synthesized, and introduced into the 2',4'-BNA structure. The obtained 2',4'-BNA derivatives with unnatural nucleobases effectively recognized a pyrimidine-purine interruption in the target dsDNA. Some other examples of nucleic acid analogues for stable triplex formation and extension of the target DNA sequence are also summarized.
Some Activities with Polarized Light from a Laptop LCD Screen (2008)

The LCD screen of a laptop computer provides a broad, bright, and extended source of polarized light. A number of demonstrations on the properties of polarized light from a laptop computer screens are presented here.
Strength Effect of Different U-Shaped HDR Thicknesses in Hook-End Precast Beam-Column Joint: A Nonlinear FE Analysis (2018)

A precast reinforced concrete frame constructed with new hook-end joint at both beam-column connections was numerical modelled and analysed using Finite Element Method, for its overall strength attainment under the action of horizontal cyclic loading. Five different thicknesses of U-shaped HDR, ranging from 15 to 35 mm thick in 5-mm intervals, were assigned in the numerical model as the vibrational absorber component in between the hook-end beam-column joints. The numerical force-displacement curves showed that precast frame with various thicknesses of U-shaped HDR had similar shape of hysteresis loops among each other. However, the precast frame with 25 mm thick of U-shaped HDR at its hook-end beam-column joint demonstrated the capacity to fulfil the highest force and displacement demands when compared with other thicknesses of HDR.
Field Enhancement and Ultrafast Plasmonics In Nonlocal Transitional Metamaterials (2019)

We analyze spatial and temporal optical response of plasmonic nanocone arrays, relate the strong enhancement of local intensity to excitation of nonlocal plasmonic modes supported by the composites, and discuss potential applications in ultrafast nonlinear optics and plasmonics.
A Lightweight Application-Layer Signaling Protocol (2009)

The session Initiation Protocol (SIP) is a widely used application-layer control protocol. The processing load of the SIP protocol is reportedly seen as one of the potential problems which may limit the range of its application although it has a number of advantages. Many research efforts have been made and have come up with various compression algorithms to reduce the packet size in order not to waste scarce bandwidth especially for wireless access networks. However, they increase the processing load at the same time. We propose a lightweight application-layer signaling protocol (lightweight-SIP) which reduces network bandwidth without sacrificing CPU performance by introducing a gateway which translates SIP into the proposed protocol. The gateway works as a cache for static and lengthy header fields of SIP messages. We expect the proposed protocol to be used by low-spec devices such as sensor nodes, less-expensive surveillance cameras and wearable computers so that it could reduce the energy consumption and lengthening the battery life or loosen requirements for the hardware specs.
Front Matter: Volume 6541 (2007)

This PDF file contains the front matter associated with SPIE Proceedings Volume 6541, including the Title Page, Copyright information, Table of Contents, Introduction (if any), and the Conference Committee listing.
Clinical diagnosis compared to classification criteria in in a cohort of 54 patients with systemic sclerosis and associated disorders (2007)

A substantial number of patients with minor cutaneous manifestations do not fulfil ACR classification criteria, though they have typical clinical signs of SSc. Characteristic features in these patients are presence of Raynaud's phenomenon, antinuclear antibodies and pathological changes in nailfold capillary microscopy. Application of the diagnostic criteria recently proposed by LeRoy and Medsger makes it possible to name many of these patients. The use of these criteria is recommended for clinical management.
Short- and Long-Term Survival in Treated Elderly Hypertensive Patients With or Without Diabetes: Findings From the Second Australian National Blood Pressure Study (2013)

Long-term presence of diabetes reduces survival. Compared with thiazide diuretics, ACEI-based antihypertensives may delay the development of diabetes in those at risk and thus potentially improve cardiovascular outcome in the elderly.
Qualifizierung von Polysiloxanen für die langzeitstabile Konditionierung radioaktiver Abfälle (2005)

At present German policy envisages interim storage of all radioactive waste (for approximately 30 years) until a final repository is available. This therefore leads to higher standards for storage containers. Silicone elastomers (polysiloxanes), materials on the basis of silicon and oxygen with organic substituents, have various physical and chemical properties and seem to be suitable for the long-term storage of low- and intermediate-level radioactive waste. The aim of the present work is the qualification of a new coating material for storage containers. The use of polysiloxanes in other applications was also investigated. An important criterion for the coating is the simplicity of its application. Moreover, it should also have a high adhesion on steel as well as providing protection against corrosion. These properties were investigated for different polysiloxanes. The spraying tests showed that polysiloxane material with a viscosity of up to 45000 mPas could be applied by the airless spraying method. An elastic coating was produced which could ensure protection against mechanical impacts. In the framework of water vapour experiments, a very high diffusion constant was determined. The corrosion test confirmed that the polysiloxane coating provided only insufficient corrosion protection if the sample was in contact with water and water vapour at the same time. This problem was solved by using an additional priming coat of 60 $\\mu$m zinc paint. The adhesion test showed that polysiloxanes have different levels of adhesion. The best adhesion was determined for condensation-cured silicones. The addition-cured materials had a lower adhesion, which was improved by the application of a priming coat. The outcome of these investigations is a wide spectrum of applications for polysiloxanes which can be used as firmly adhering coatings or removable decontamination layers.
Style-based inverse kinematics (2004)

This paper presents an inverse kinematics system based on a learned model of human poses. Given a set of constraints, our system can produce the most likely pose satisfying those constraints, in real-time. Training the model on different input data leads to different styles of IK. The model is represented as a probability distribution over the space of all possible poses. This means that our IK system can generate any pose, but prefers poses that are most similar to the space of poses in the training data. We represent the probability with a novel model called a Scaled Gaussian Process Latent Variable Model. The parameters of the model are all learned automatically; no manual tuning is required for the learning component of the system. We additionally describe a novel procedure for interpolating between styles.Our style-based IK can replace conventional IK, wherever it is used in computer animation and computer vision. We demonstrate our system in the context of a number of applications: interactive character posing, trajectory keyframing, real-time motion capture with missing markers, and posing from a 2D image.
Spectroscopy and Electrochemistry of mer-[RuCl3(dmso)(tmen)]. Dimethylsulfoxide Is Sulfur-Bonded to Ru(II), Ru(III), and Ru(IV) (1998)

mer-[RuCl3(dmso)(tmen)] (dmso is dimethylsulfoxide; tmen is N,N,N‘,N‘-tetramethylethylenediamine) contains an S-bonded dmso with Ru−S = 2.29 Å. Electrochemical measurements show that there are two reversible one-electron couples (E1/2 = 1.78 and 0.11 V vs NHE), indicating that S-atom (dmso) ligation is retained in the corresponding Ru(II) and Ru(IV) complexes.
An improved radio frequency heavy ion source (1979)

Abstract An improved r.f. heavy ion source, which can operate with gases, liquids and solids is described. The operating temperature of the ion source may reach 1000°C. It can therefore, generate ion beams of a considerable number of elements. including metallic ions. At present, ion beams of S+, Al+, As+. Zn+, Mg+, Cd+, Ag+, Sm+, Te+, Se+, Sn+, In+, Hg+, etc. have been extracted. The extracted total beam current ranges from several hundred microamperes to the order of milliampere. The useful fraction of ion in the total beam is 70–90%. Life span of the source ranges from 40 hours to more than 100 hours. The emittance of the source is 3 × 10−6 cm rad. Structure and operating characteristics of this ion source are discussed.
Phase Synchronization Technique Between Fractional-N PLLs by Correcting Phase Error due to Cycle Slip using Reference Delta-Sigma Modulator (2020)

This paper proposes a phase synchronization technique between multiple fractional-N PLLs. By matching an operating state of a DSM, which is driven by a multi-modulus divider (MMD) output, and that of a Reference DSM, which is driven by a reference clock, phase error between PLLs can be removed. The proposed PLL was fabricated in a 0.13um SiGe BiCMOS process, and successfully removed a phase variation between two PLLs.
Abstract 4925: Microbiome-TP53 gene interaction in human lung cancer (2017)

Abstract Lung cancer is the leading cancer diagnosis worldwide and the number one cause of cancer deaths. Exposure to cigarette smoke, the primary risk factor in lung cancer, reduces epithelial barrier function and increases susceptibility to infections. Herein, we hypothesized that somatic mutations together with cigarette smoke create a dysbiotic microbiota that is associated with lung carcinogenesis. Using lung tissue from controls (n=33) or cancer cases (n=143), we conducted 16S rRNA gene sequencing (MiSeq), with RNA-seq data from lung cancer cases in The Cancer Genome Atlas (n=1112) serving as the validation cohort. We demonstrate a lower alpha diversity in normal lung as compared to non-tumor adjacent or tumor tissue, indicating a shift in the overall microbial community in lung cancer patients as compared to those without cancer. Lung cancer cases were classified by the relative abundance of two taxa, Variovorax and Streptococcus, with an increase in Variovorax abundance in tumors as compared to non-tumor adjacent paired lung tissue (FDR corrected P=0.013). The species of Variovorax was identified histologically, and also by two additional 16S rRNA strategies (Resphera Insight analysis and PacBio sequencing). A group of taxa were associated with squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), of which Acidovorax were enriched in smokers (P =0.0013). Further, these taxa, including Acidovorax, exhibited higher abundance among the subset of SCC cases with TP53 mutations, an association not seen in adenocarcinomas (AD). Therefore, we observed a microbiome-gene and a microbiome-exposure interaction in SCC lung cancer tissue. Together, these results open the door for future biomarker research that could be used to improve screening and direct mechanistic studies of lung cancer therapy. Citation Format: Leigh Greathouse, James White, Valery Bliskovsky, Ashley Vargas, Eric Polley, Elise Bowman, Mohammed Khan, Ana Robles, Brid Ryan, Amiran Dzutsev, Giorgio Trinchieri, Marbin Pineda, Sven Bilke, Paul Meltzer, Marina Walther-Antonio, Garth Ehrlich, Joshua Mell, Joshua Earl, Sergey Balashov, Archana Bhat, Alex Valm, Clayton Deming, Sean Conlan, Julia Oh, Julie Segre, Curtis Harris. Microbiome-TP53 gene interaction in human lung cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2017; 2017 Apr 1-5; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 4925. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2017-4925
Magnetic resonance sentinel lymph node imaging and magnetometer-guided intraoperative detection in prostate cancer using superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (2018)

MR scintigraphy after intraprostatic SPION injection provides a roadmap for intraoperative magnetometer-guided SLN detection and can be useful to characterize a reliable lymphadenectomy template. Draining LN from the prostate can be identified in an unexpectedly high number, especially outside the established eLND template. Further studies are required to analyze discordance between the number of pre- and intraoperatively identified SLNs.
Detecting Temporal and Spatial Effects of Epithelial Cancers with Raman Spectroscopy (2008)

Epithelial cancers, including those of the skin and cervix, are the most common type of cancers in humans. Many recent studies have attempted to use Raman spectroscopy to diagnose these cancers. In this paper, Raman spectral markers related to the temporal and spatial effects of cervical and skin cancers are examined through four separate but related studies. Results from a clinical cervix study show that previous disease has a significant effect on the Raman signatures of the cervix, which allow for near 100% classification for discriminating previous disease versus a true normal. A Raman microspectroscopy study showed that Raman can detect changes due to adjacent regions of dysplasia or HPV that cannot be detected histologically, while a clinical skin study showed that Raman spectra may be detecting malignancy associated changes in tissues surrounding nonmelanoma skin cancers. Finally, results of an organotypic raft culture study provided support for both the skin and the in vitro cervix results. These studies add to the growing body of evidence that optical spectroscopy, in this case Raman spectral markers, can be used to detect subtle temporal and spatial effects in tissue near cancerous sites that go otherwise undetected by conventional histology.
New Motion Picture Apparatus: A Multiduty Motor System<!--<xref ref-type="other" rid="fn1-10.5594_J00031">*</xref>--> (1940)

During the Conventions of the Society, symposiums on new motion picture apparatus are held, in which various manufacturers of equipment describe and demonstrate their new products and developments. Some of this equipment is described in the following pages; the remainder will be published in subsequent issues of the Journal.
Le plan Schuman de Paul Reuter. Entre communauté nationale et fédération européenne (1998)

Paul Reuter fut, avec Jean Monnet, un des principaux inspirateurs de la déclaration du 9 mai 1950, et l'un des actifs négociateurs du traité qui donnera naissance à la première Communauté européenne. L'auteur restitue les origines idéologiques du discours à la fois bureaucratique et universitaire (et notamment l'opposition entre « technique » et « politique » de Reuter), et rap­porte les fragments de ce discours à la trajectoire biographique de Paul Reuter et à une série de positions institutionnelles, qu 'il relie à ses prises de position. Cela permet de donner un aperçu des formes de conversion et de transfiguration de l'idéologie de la troisième voie mais aussi de l'humeur des années trente, dont la « Communauté » « européenne » est une des expressions, jamais reconnue comme telle.
PROLONGED SURVIVAL OF RAT SKIN ALLOGRAFT BY TREATMENT WITH FK506 OINTMENT (1997)

Thus, the present study suggests that the topical administration of FK506 on the skin allografts may be useful and effective in the suppression of skin allograft rejection.
Exercise Intensity Matters in Chronic Nonspecific Low Back Pain Rehabilitation (2019)

High-intensity training proved to be a feasible, well tolerated, and effective therapy modality in CNSLBP. Moreover, it shows greater improvements on disability and exercise capacity than a similar ET performed at moderate intensity.
Self-Supervised Visual Terrain Classification From Unsupervised Acoustic Feature Learning (2020)

Mobile robots operating in unknown urban environments encounter a wide range of complex terrains to which they must adapt their planned trajectory for safe and efficient navigation. Most existing approaches utilize supervised learning to classify terrains from either an exteroceptive or a proprioceptive sensor modality. However, this requires a tremendous amount of manual labeling effort for each newly encountered terrain as well as for variations of terrains caused by changing environmental conditions. In this article, we propose a novel terrain classification framework leveraging an unsupervised proprioceptive classifier that learns from vehicle-terrain interaction sounds to self-supervise an exteroceptive classifier for pixelwise semantic segmentation of images. To this end, we first learn a discriminative embedding space for vehicle-terrain interaction sounds from triplets of audio clips formed using visual features of the corresponding terrain patches and cluster the resulting embeddings. We subsequently use these clusters to label the visual terrain patches by projecting the traversed tracks of the robot into the camera images. Finally, we use the sparsely labeled images to train our semantic segmentation network in a weakly supervised manner. We present extensive quantitative and qualitative results that demonstrate that our proprioceptive terrain classifier exceeds the state-of-the-art among unsupervised methods and our self-supervised exteroceptive semantic segmentation model achieves a comparable performance to supervised learning with manually labeled data.
meso-2,5-Dibromohexane (1949)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTmeso-2,5-DibromohexaneNathan. Kornblum and John H. EicherCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1949, 71, 6, 2259–2260Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1949Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1949https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01174a521RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views91Altmetric-Citations4LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (283 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Serum levels of estrogens and of five 'steroid sensitive' proteins in early normal pregnancy (1988)

Serum concentrations of sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG), pregnancy associated alpha 2-glycoprotein (alpha 2-PAG), caeruloplasmin (Cp), alpha 1-antitrypsin (alpha 1-At) and transferrin (Tf), unconjugated and total estrone, and unconjugated estradiol-17 beta were measured twice at a 4-5 week interval in 43 cases of early normal pregnancy (gestational weeks 6-19). Significant correlations between estrogen and protein levels in the total material were observed for all proteins except for Tf. However, within 2-week intervals of pregnancy, significant correlations were obtained only in certain intervals between estrogens on one hand and SHBG, Cp and alpha 1-At on the other. Significant correlations between rates of increase of estrogens and of proteins were obtained only at certain occasions for SHBG, Cp, Tf and alpha 1-At. The results indicate that, although estrogens may have a modulatory function in 'steroid-sensitive' protein synthesis, they are probably not the main physiological regulator.