gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Interferometric radar for activity recognition and benchmarking in different radar geometries (2021)

Radar micro-Doppler signatures have been proposed for human activity classification for surveillance and ambient assisted living in healthcare-related applications. A known issue is the performance reduction when the target is moving tangentially to the line-of-sight of the radar. Multiple techniques have been proposed to address this, such as multistatic radar and to some extent, interferometric radar. A simulator is presented to generate synthetic data representative of 8 different radar systems (including configurations as monostatic, multistatic, and interferometric) to quantify classification performances as a function of aspect angles and deployment geometries. This simulator allows an unbiased performance evaluation of the different radar systems. 6 human activities are considered with signatures originating from motion-captured data of 14 different subjects. The results show that interferometric radar data with fusion outperforms the other methods with over 97.6% accuracy consistently across all aspect angles, as well as the potential for simplified indoor deployment.
Alkane Trapping onto Structured Alkane Monolayers on Pt(111) at Low Temperature (2000)

The trapping dynamics of methane and ethane onto preadsorbed methane-, ethane-, propane-, and n-butane-saturated layers on Pt(111) at 30 and 50 K have been investigated using supersonic molecular beam techniques. At these low temperatures, multilayers of the incident molecule continue to build without the complication of desorption, and the weakly bound extrinsic precursor state is stabilized. The initial trapping of ethane into the extrinsic precursor state is enhanced to the same degree on all the covered surfaces compared to trapping on the clean surface, but the initial trapping probability of methane, though enhanced by the adlayers, is more complex. The trapping probability of CH4 increases toward unity on all these surfaces as methane adsorbs and levels off at 0.96, independent of the type of adsorbate covering the bare surface. The angular dependence of the initial trapping probability indicates an increasing corrugation in the CH4−surface potential with increasing chain length of adsorbate; for comparison, methane traps on the clean surface with normal energy scaling,1 whereas it traps on the n-butane-covered surface with near-total energy scaling.
Ethics and Medical Decision-Making (2017)

Part 1 What is bioethics?: ethical and clinical research, Henry K. Beecher bioethics, science of survival, V.R. Potter medical ethics and etiquette in the early Middle Ages - the persistence of hippocratic ideals, L.C. McKinney. Part 2 Bioethics and law: bioethics and law - a developmental perspective, W. Van der Burg. Part 3 Bioethics and religion: religion and the secularizarion of bioethics, D. Callahan religion and moral meaning in bioethics, C.S. Campbell can theology have a role in public bioethical discourse?, L.S. Cahill bioethics and the contemporary Jewish community, D. Novak what can religion offer bioethics?, J.P. Wind. Part 4 The principle-based approach: principles and particularity - the role of cases in bioethics, J.D. Arras moving forward in bioethical theory - theories, cases and specified principlism, D. DeGrazia specifying norms as a way to resolve concrete ethical problems, H. Richardson the tyranny of principles, S. Toulmin a critique of principlism, K.D. Clouser and B. Gert. Part 5 The absolute rule approach: action, intention and effect, E. Anscombe is entitled to double J. Boyle moral absolutism and the double effect exception - reflections on Joseph Boyle's who is entitled to to double effect?, A. Donegan. Part 6 Utilitarianism and bioethics: consequentialism, reasons, J. Savulescu justice and equal opportunities in health care, J. Harris. Part 7 Virtue ethics: varieties of virtue ethics, J. Oakley euthanasia, P. Foot virtue theory and abortion, R. Hursthouse methods of bioethics - some defective proposals, R.M. Hare. Part 8 The ethics of care: two perspectives on self, N. Lyons the role of caring in a theory of nursing ethics, S. Fry. Part 9 The case approach: getting down to cases - the revival of casuistry in bioethics, J.D. Arras casuistry - an alternative or complement to principles?, A.R. Jonsen the priesthood of bioethics and the return of casuistry, K. Wildes. Part 10 Cultural diversity and bioethics: can ethnography save the life of medical ethics?, B. Hoffmaster intersections of western biomedical ethics and world culture -problematic and possibility, E. Pellegrino judging the other -responding to traditional female genital surgeries, S.D. Lane and R.A. Rubinstein. Part 11 Sociology and medical ethics: the contributions of sociology to medical ethics, R. Zussman moral teachings from unexpected quarters, J.L. Nelson.
C−H Carbene Insertion of α-Diazo Acetamides by Photolysis in Non-Conventional Media (2008)

Light from a mercury vapor high-pressure lamp was used to induce the photolytic decomposition of alpha-diazo acetamides in hexane and in nonconventional media such as water or a film. The corresponding beta- and/or gamma-lactams were obtained in reasonable yields and in some cases with good diastereoselectivities with no need to use a metallic catalyst. Experimental studies on chiral substrates demonstrated the occurrence of insertion with retention of configuration.
Recent Developments in Mutation Enrichment and Detection Technologies (2022)

This review summarizes technological developments in rare mutation enrichment over the last 12 years, complementing pre-2010 reviews on this topic. The expanding field of liquid biopsy calls for improved limits of detection (LOD) and highly parallel applications, along with the traditional requirements for accuracy, speed, and cost-effectiveness. The current technologies are reviewed with regards to these new requirements.
Flow Batteries - Storing Energy on the Grid (2016)

The demand for electricity produced from renewable sources, such as wind and solar has considerably increased in the past decade, largely owing to the need for clean energy with no environmental impact and carbon sequestration. The energy generated from intermittent sources: wind and solar is dependent upon various climatic and geographical conditions, serves as the driving force for storing energy on grid in suitable energy packing systems to be utilized at peak hours. Consequently, the capacity to store vast amounts of energy is rising. Flow batteries have gained significant importance during the recent years owing to the performance and ability to store vast amounts of energy. This paper reviews popular types of flow batteries, current trends, and future measures to optimize the performance for long-term durability of these flow based energy storage devices.
Augmented hepatocellular carcinoma progression and depressed Kupffer cell activity in rat cirrhotic livers. (2001)

To examine the property of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), rat HCC cells were implanted into normal and cirrhotic rat livers. Implanted HCC grew much more progressively in cirrhotic livers than in normal livers. Kupffer cells were decreased profoundly in cirrhotic livers, resulting in markedly impaired phagocytic activity. Furthermore, production of Kupffer cell-related cytokines, such as interleukin-1 beta and tumor necrosis factor-alpha, was decreased profoundly in cirrhotic livers. Our results indicate that liver cirrhosis is a prominent promoting factor in HCC progression, and that markedly depressed Kupffer cell activity may play a role in augmented HCC progression in cirrhotic livers.
Functional and Quality of Life Outcomes After TAVR in Patients With Low Gradient Aortic Stenosis (2023)

Severe aortic stenosis is a common valvular heart disease associated with significant mortality and morbidity. Transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) is an effective treatment for this condition. Less data is available regarding functional and quality-of-life outcomes in patients with severe, low-gradient aortic stenosis following TAVR. This single-center, retrospective study compared changes in New York Heart Association (NYHA) class and Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire (KCCQ) scores at 30 days and 1 year in patients with 3 variants of severe, low-gradient aortic stenosis following TAVR. Secondary outcomes included 1-year major adverse cardiovascular event. A total of 170 patients were included. All 3 low-gradient variants had significant improvement in NYHA class and KCCQ overall scores at 30 days and 1 year. There were no significant differences in KCCQ overall scores between the 3 groups and no significant differences in secondary outcomes. Patients with low-gradient aortic stenosis experienced significant improvements in functional and quality-of-life outcomes following TAVR.
Hologram Copying by Gabor Holography of Transparencies (1967)

The copying of holograms by constructing Gabor type holograms from the originals is discussed mathematically. The analysis is based on plane wave expansions, and the paraxial approximation is not used. Two sets of double images of the original scene appear in the reconstruction process with the copy hologram when emulsion thickness is not important. The separation of the double images is equal to twice the separation of the two photographic emulsions during the copying process. The importance of the extra images is discussed and ways to eliminate them are described. Double images are not produced by copies of wide angle holograms with interference fringe spacing that is small compared to the emulsion thickness.
A detailed investigation of the failure formation of copper trace cracks during drop tests (2010)

The development cycle of new products can be dramatically reduced if exact lifetime models are at hand. This requires the precise knowledge of the failure modes and the failure position under all test and service conditions. In case of dynamic mechanical loads like drops of BGA modules, broken copper traces at the PCB side are more and more often observed to be the ultimate failure effect. However, straightforward FEM simulations have shown unrealistic high stress and strain results not matching experimental observations which prove that a realistic representation of this failure is not trivial.
Inverse optimal control for angle stabilization in converter-based generation (2022)

In inverse optimal control, the optimality of a given feedback stabilizing controller is a byproduct of the choice of a meaningful, a posteriori defined, cost functional. This allows for a simple tuning comparable to linear quadratic control, also for nonlinear controllers. Our work illustrates the usefulness of this approach in the control of converter-based power systems and networked systems in general, and thereby in finding controllers with topological structure and known optimality properties. In particular, we design an inverse optimal feedback controller that stabilizes the phase angles of voltage-source controlled DC/AC converters at an induced steady state with zero frequency error. The distributed angular droop controller yields active power to angle droop behavior at steady state. Moreover, we suggest a practical implementation of the controller and corroborate our results through simulations on a three-converter system and a numerical comparison with standard frequency droop control.
UN Sustainable Development Goal 2 – Zero hunger (2023)

Agrochemicals help feed the world. Ammonia production uses huge amounts of methane and energy whilst contributing 1.8% of CO 2 . Green hydrogen would alleviate these problems whilst directed delivery could eliminate run off and eutrophication.
197-LB: The Regulation of HSL by Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor (MIF) Contributes to Adipocyte Hypertrophy and Development of Obesity (2021)

Inflammation is associated with lipolysis in adipose tissue. HSL is a key enzyme in mediating lipolysis through augmenting hydrolysis of triglycerides and diacylglycerides. Our study found that the procytokine MIF has both transcriptional and non-transcriptional effects on mediating HSL through activating AMPK signaling pathway. The activated AMPK downregulates HSL gene expression in adipocytes. It also upregulates a phosphorylation of HSL Ser565, an inhibitory phosphorylation site, leading to the reduction of HSL active site, Ser563 phosphorylation. These mechanisms are operative in either transgenic overexpressed MIF mouse models or WT mice with high circulating MIF levels following a high caloric diet feeding (HFD). The MIF/AMPK/HSL axis regulates the development of adipocyte hypertrophy and obesity. We also confirm that high plasma MIF levels are associated with decreased adipose HSL gene expression in human obesity. Interestingly, in Mif-/-mice, HSL gene expression is also inhibited, suggesting that MIF genotype is important to maintain adipose HSL expression. Following HFD feeding, Mif-/-mice demonstrates higher Akt and lower PKA phosphorylation, which further decrease HSL activation and exacerbate obesity compared to WT. Thus, HSL regulation by MIF may be an important molecular mechanism in the development of obesity.View largeDownload slideView largeDownload slide DisclosureL. Chen: None. Y. Huang: None. L. Li: None. H. Zabihi: None. Y. Qi: None. L. Leng: None. G. Sun: None. R. Bucala: None. D. Qi: None.FundingNational Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (RGPIN-2017-04542); Canadian Institutes of Health Research (PJT-156116)
Therapeutic options for cutaneous lupus erythematosus: recent advances and future prospects (2016)

We conducted a selective search of the PubMed database for articles published between December 2010 and November 2015. This review encompasses both non-pharmaceutical (photoprotection, smoking cessation, drug withdrawal, and vitamin D replacement) and pharmaceutical (topicals, antimalarials, immunosuppressives, biologics, etc.) interventions used in the treatment of CLE. Expert Commentary: Recent work has expanded our understanding of established therapies as well as introduced new treatments for consideration, though existing medications still prove inadequate for a subset of patients. Changes in trial design may help to alleviate this issue.
S‐Methyl‐N,N‐Diethylthiocarbamate Sulfoxide and S‐Methyl‐N,N‐Diethylthiocarbamate Sulfone, Two Candidates for the Active Metabolite of Disulfiram (1996)

The mechanism of action of disulfiram involves inhibition of hepatic aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH). Although disulfiram inhibits ALDH in vitro, it is believed that the drug is too short-lived in vivo to inhibit the enzyme directly. The ultimate inhibitor is thought to be a metabolite of disulfiram. In this study, we examined the effects of S-methyl-N,N-diethylthiocarbamate (MeDTC) sulfoxide and S-methyl-N,N-diethylthiocarbamate sulfone (confirmed and proposed metabolites of disulfiram, respectively) on rat liver mitochondrial low K(m) ALDH. MeDTC sulfoxide and MeDTC sulfone, in 10-min incubations with detergent-solubilized mitochondria, inhibited ALDH activity with an IC50 (mean +/- SD) of 0.93 +/- 0.04 and 0.53 +/- 0.11 microM, respectively, compared with 7.4 +/- 1.0 microM for the parent drug disulfiram. Inhibition by MeDTC sulfone and MeDTC sulfoxide, both at 0.6 microM, was time-dependent, following apparent pseudo-first-order kinetics with a t1/2 of inactivation of 3.5 and 8.8 min, respectively. Dilution of ALDH inhibited by either sulfoxide or sulfone did not restore activity, an indication of irreversible inhibition. Addition of glutathione (50 to 1000 microM) to ALDH before the inhibitors did not alter the inhibition by MeDTC sulfoxide. In contrast, the inhibition by MeDTC sulfone was decreased > 10-fold (IC50 = 6.3 microM) by 50 microM of glutathione and almost completely abolished by 500 microM of glutathione. The cofactor NAD, in a concentration-dependent manner, protected ALDH from inhibition by MeDTC sulfoxide and MeDTC sulfone. In incubations with intact mitochondria, the potency of the two compounds was reversed (IC50 of 9.2 +/- 3.6 and 0.95 +/- 0.30 microM for the MeDTC sulfone and sulfoxide, respectively). Our results suggest that MeDTC sulfone is highly reactive with normal cellular constituents (e.g., glutathione), which may protect ALDH from inhibition, unless this inhibitor is formed very near the target enzyme. In contrast, MeDTC sulfoxide is a better candidate for the ultimate active metabolite of disulfiram, because it is more likely to be sufficiently stable to diffuse from a distant site of formation, such as the endoplasmic reticulum, penetrate the mitochondria, and react with ALDH located in the mitochondrial matrix.
The Letter of Petar Zrinski from 29th April 1671 to His Wife Anna Catherina Zrinski From a Linguistic Perspective (2021)

The paper offers a linguistic analysis with the elements of archival information of the farewell letter written by Petar Zrinski to his wife Catherina on 29th April 1671. The letter was conceived the day before the author’s execution for treason of the Austrian Emperor Leopold I. The linguistic analysis allows to confirm the hypothesis that the text was written in the Croatian hybrid language – a form propagated by the Zrinski and Frankopan noble families. Co-textual data used in the article relate to the political situation, social conditions and historical resonance of the Zrinskis’ and Frankopans’ activity at that time, which contributes to an unquestionable legend of the analysed text in the Croatian society. Along with the linguistic analysis, the aim of the article is to demonstrate archival data related to the text and to offer a proposition of translation of the discussed letter into the Polish language.
The connector between the kinase and RNase domains of IRE1α differentially controls the activities of this stress sensor (2020)

Inositol requiring enzyme 1 (IRE1α) is a sensor that responds to endoplasmic reticulum stress with self‐phosphorylation, oligomerization and RNase activity. As a result, IRE1α activates the critical transcription factor XBP1, while reducing the expression of select other transcripts, to cope with the level of ER stress. In response to stress IRE1α molecules also cluster transiently, with similar time frame to the enzymatic activity. The response of IRE1α is inhibited by mutations in the kinase and RNase active sites of IRE1α‐, but not by most mutations with no direct catalytic role. Here we describe amino acid substitutions in the segment connecting the kinase and RNase domains which affect IRE1α clustering, its RNase activities or both. The more detrimental substitutions involve Pro mutations and they do not support RNase activity, fail to auto‐phosphorylate in response to stress and do not oligomerize. The substitution L827P is dominant‐negative in vivo : it dimerizes with full‐length WT IRE1α and consequently inhibits its activation in lymphoma and multiple myeloma cells. Expression of the IRE1α L827P mutant also increases the sensitivity of lymphoma cells to ER stress and inhibits their growth. Less drastic substitutions, such as L827F have intact RNase and kinase activities but fails to oligomerize and displays altered self‐phosphorylation, in particular on Ser729. Higher sensitivity to partial proteolysis indicates directly that the conformations of L827P, L827F and WT IRE1α are distinct. Furthermore, our data show that clustering of IRE1α depends on sensing ER stress but not on its RNase activity. There are conditions that initiate IRE1α RNase activity without inducing clustering, and conversely ‐ RNase‐impaired molecules can cluster. We hypothesize that depending on which residues are phosphorylated, IRE1α assumes different conformations, only some of which are permissive for clustering. Therefore, this work shows that the kinase‐RNase connector is important for attaining the stress‐responsive, clustering‐capable conformation of IRE1α and that co‐expression of variant IRE1α sensors profoundly inhibits the normal signaling. Support or Funding Information T32 HL 7954‐19 (R.D.)
Sheet Music Innovation Grant Final Report (2017)

Sheet music reveals much about public opinion and the social and political issues of pre-1923 America.By making this collection available digitally, scholars worldwide will have the ability to study the history of the United States from a unique perspective.Digitizing the sheet music will also help preserve this material since much of the music is in poor and fragile condition.Funding was requested for a pilot project to digitize 40 items of sheet music from a large collection of pre-1923 sheet music.The three components of this project were:1.) Scanning 40 items of sheet music to create TIFF, JPEG and PDF derivatives.The sheet music was first to be scanned and saved as TIFF files.These files would then be added to the Digital Creation shared drive to serve as the preservation copy.JPEGs would then be derived from the TIFFs and uploaded into Omeka.After the items had been added to Omeka, metadata associated with each item was to be entered.Lastly, a PDF copy was to be generated and added into the institutional repository (ResearchCommons) with associated descriptive information.2.) Software would be explored and identified that would allow the sheet music to be converted into MIDI files.3.) A set of written, standardized procedures would be developed and tools identified that would allow the project to move from the pilot phase and into production.
High Atopobium vaginae and Gardnerella vaginalis Vaginal Loads Are Associated With Preterm Birth (2014)

NCT00484653.
Systemic administration of metallic nanoparticles initiates an acute, NALP3-mediated, inflammatory response (169.8) (2012)

Abstract Nanoparticles are increasingly being commercialized for use in biomedicine. Given their inorganic metal makeup, nanoparticles have been thought to be biologically inert. However, there is accumulating evidence demonstrating that, due to their exceedingly small size, inorganic particles may have deleterious effects on pulmonary function. In this study, we investigated the potential immunotoxicity associated with systemic administration of composite inorganic nanoparticles. Using a murine model, the acute effect of intraperitoneal inoculation of metallic nanoparticles was studied by monitoring changes in hematological and inflammatory parameters as well as serum levels of organ toxicity indicators, including AST, ALT, LDH, BUN and creatinine. Our findings indicate that high dose systemic exposure is associated with acute liver injury due to preferential accumulation of nanoparticles in this organ. Moreover, injection of nanoparticles resulted in the activation of phagocytic cells and the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines. Utilizing several lines of gene-deficient animals, we demonstrate that the nanoparticle-triggered response is dependent on the NALP3 inflammasome. These findings suggest that nanoparticles may be subject to recognition by the innate immune system.