gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
On the energetics of chemolithotrophy in nonequilibrium systems: case studies of geothermal springs in Yellowstone National Park (2005)

ABSTRACT Chemolithotrophic micro‐organisms are important primary producers in high‐temperature geothermal environments and may catalyse a number of different energetically favourable redox reactions as a primary energy source. Analysis of geochemical constituents followed by chemical speciation and subsequent calculation of reaction free energies (Δ G rxn ) is a useful tool for evaluating the thermodynamic favourability and potential energy available for microbial metabolism. The primary goal of this study was to examine relationships among geochemical gradients and microbial population distribution, and to evaluate the utility of energetic approaches for predicting microbial metabolism from free‐energy calculations, utilizing as examples, several geothermal habitats in Yellowstone National Park where thorough geochemical and phylogenetic analyses have been performed. Acidic (pH ∼ 3) and near‐neutral (pH ∼ 6–7) geothermal springs were chosen for their range in geochemical properties. Aqueous and solid phase samples obtained from the source pools and the outflow channels of each spring were characterized for all major chemical constituents using laboratory and field methods to accurately measure the concentrations of predominant oxidized and reduced species. Reaction free energies (Δ G rxn ) for 33 oxidation–reduction reactions potentially important to chemolithotrophic micro‐organisms were calculated at relevant spring temperatures after calculating ion activities using an aqueous equilibrium model. Free‐energy values exhibit significant variation among sites for reactions with pH dependence. For example, free‐energy values for reactions involving Fe 3+ are especially variable across sites due in large part to the pH dependence of Fe 3+ activity, and exhibit changes of up to 40 kJ mol −1 electron from acidic to near neutral geothermal springs. Many of the detected 16S rRNA gene sequences represent organisms whose metabolisms are consistent with exergonic processes. However, sensitivity analyses demonstrated that reaction free energies do not generally represent the steep gradients in local geochemical conditions resulting from air–water gas exchange and solid phase deposition that are important in defining microbial habitats and 16S rRNA gene sequence distribution within geothermal outflow channels.
Impact of Digital Tools & Digital Marketing on Dealers & Customers in Indian Auto Industry (2021)

In India buying a car is still the second largest investment a person makes after buying a house; hence it is important to understand the mindshare of customers & dealers who are actually facing such customers in various geographies & varied demographics.

It is very important to Understand how Customers are comfortable using the Digital Tools & which Digital Marketing channels attract them, since there is a huge investment by Dealers & Manufacturers in this field it is important to gauge& understand on how customers are embracing these new technologies.

A lot of Digital tools are available at dealerships like Virtual Reality, Augmented reality, digital screens , Alexa etc. The COVID times have also forced us to move digital as there was a very high fear among people to catch the infection.

With all the above disruption it is important to ascertain how effective these tools & digital marketing is embraced from a customer & dealer point of view. 

This study was done with the help of Federation of Automobile Dealer association of India by interviewing dealers & Customers across India & across Brands. I have studied the various parameters about digital marketing & Physical Showroom touch points & given findings on what is the view of dealers & customers in this regard. Significant statistical analysis was found in all areas.
Optimised state assignment for asynchronous circuit synthesis (2002)

This paper presents a new efficient optimised state assignment method for solving complete state coding (CSC) problem that operates purely at the state graph level and is applicable to a broad class of behaviors. This method has been automated and applied to a large set of asynchronous benchmarks and industrial circuits. Compared to existing techniques, this new method achieves significant improvements in terms of both circuit area and computation time.
Poly(butylene succinate) and its copolymers: Research, development and industrialization (2010)

Poly(butylene succinate) (PBS) and its copolymers are a family of biodegradable polymers with excellent biodegradability, thermoplastic processability and balanced mechanical properties. In this article, production of the monomers succinic acid and butanediol, synthesis, processing and properties of PBS and its copolymers are reviewed. The physical properties and biodegradation rate of PBS materials can be varied in a wide range through copolymerization with different types and various contents of monomers. PBS has a wide temperature window for thermoplastic processing, which makes the resin suitable for extrusion, injection molding, thermoforming and film blowing. Finally, we summarized industrialization and applications of PBS.
3C 317: an Amorphous Radio Source in the Cooling Flow Cluster Abell 2052 (1993)

We have observed the radio source 3C 317 in the X-ray cooling flow cluster A2052 using the VLA at wavelengths 90, 20, 6, and 3.6 cm. Unlike most moderate-power extragalactic radio sources, 3C 317 is characterized by a compact core and an amorphous halo with an angular size of 75" × 45". The spectrum of the halo emission is unusually steep (α<SUB>20/90cm ∼ -1.5 and α<SUB>6/20cm</SUB> ∼ -1.9). Surrounding the compact radio core at the center of the galaxy, a bipolar structure has been observed indicating that an outflow may have been initially collimated to some degree. However, no well-collimated jets have been detected with a resolution of 0".3. The lack of strong collimation could be due to jet disruption in the cooling flow on scales unresolved by the VLA observations. An observed gradient of spectral index from flat (α ∼ -0.05) at the nucleus to steep in the halo (α ∼ -1.9) also favors the hypothesis that relativistic electrons originated within the active nucleus and "aged" as they move outward. The radio morphology, the curved spectrum of the integrated flux density, and the gradient within the spectral index distribution suggest that diffusion, synchrotron losses and electron reacceleration likely play important roles in the transport of the relativistic electrons from the nucleus to the radio halo. In addition, our new observations reveal that the halo was a wealth of substructures: a loop (25 kpc × 1.5 kpc) and large-scale filaments which connect to the bipolar structure. Linear analysis suggests that these filamentary structures could form by either magnetic field reconnection or Rayleigh-Taylor instabilities. The details of this peculiar radio source provide evidence that radio plasma interacts with X-ray cooling flows in the centers of clusters.</SUB>
Current sampling and measurement in PWM operated AC drives and power converters (2010)

Current regulation is an essential part of many AC drives and power converters, with fast and accurate measurement of the current being essential for this purpose. High frequency harmonics, which are always present in power converter systems, can produce aliasing phenomena if the signals from the current sensors are not adequately processed and sampled. Synchronous sampling is a mean to reduce the risk of aliasing without the penalties that are intrinsic to other methods, e.g. phase-lag when using anti-aliasing filters. However, the performance of synchronous sampling does not always meet expectations, depending on the converter's design, operating characteristics and operating conditions, which can compromise the performance of the current control. This paper analyzes the various methods for current sampling and measurement in AC drives and power converters with particular attention paid to the performance and limits of synchronous sampling.
Nanoarchitectonics of Acicular Nanocrystal Assembly and Nanosheet Assembly for Lithium-Ion Batteries (2019)

Nanoarchitectonics of metal oxide nanocrystal electrodes were developed for lithium-ion batteries. The electrodes included copper nanoparticles and doped fluorine. For the acicular nanocrystals, charge-discharge reactions progressed at 1.8 V over 100 cycles at 100 and 10 <i>μ</i>A. A 15-mmdiameter battery containing acicular nanocrystals showed capacity, coulomb efficiency, and specific capacity, respectively of 20 <i>μ</i>Ah, 98%, and ~242 mAh/g at 100 <i>μ</i>A and 40 <i>μ</i>Ah, 99%, and 484 mAh/g at 10 <i>μ</i>A. The TiO₂/SnO₂ electrode consisted of a SnO₂ sheet-assembled structure with surface layers of anatase TiO₂. The TiO₂/SnO₂ battery operated at 1.3 (100 cycles) and 1.2 (50 cycles) V at 100 and 10 <i>μ</i>A, respectively; its capacity, coulomb efficiency, and specific capacity, respectively were 50 <i>μ</i>Ah, 98%, and 161 mAh/g at 100 <i>μ</i>A and 200 <i>μ</i>Ah, 97-98%, and 643 mAh/g at 10 <i>μ</i>A. The characteristic microstructure, chemical composition, and crystal faces of both materials contributed to battery performance.
Automatic and robust diagnosis of broken rotor bars fault in induction motor (2010)

A non invasive method to detect and diagnosis automatically in an early stage the broken bars fault in the rotor of the induction motor is presented. This method is based on monitoring suitable features by a feedforward Multi Layer Perceptron Neural Network. These features are extracted from the spectral component of the residual “d” current. A diagnostic robustness towards parametric variations (temperature, magnetic state) is realised by the use of a parametric identification technique. The simulated results show the efficiency of this method. A series of data collected, from a 1.1 kW three phase induction motor performed with different loads and different rotor faults, are used to verify and validate experimentally the performance of this method. The obtained experimental results prove the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Effect of Inoperable in-Core Detectors on Core Monitoring System Accuracy (1981)

The Core Operating Limit Supervisory System (COLSS) digital monitoring system relies on signals from fixed in-core detectors to determine the peak linear heat rate of the fuel and the departure from nucleate boiling ratio thermal margin. Experience with this type of detector indicates that some failures will occur during operation. Since detector replacement prior to refueling requires costly shutdowns, it is important that the COLSS algorithms be relatively insensitive to a reasonable number of failures. This paper describes the cause-and-effect relationship between detector failures and those COLSS parameters determined by the detector signals, the statistical methods used to determine the additional penalties incurred by detector failures (<1% for up to a 25% failure rate), and the proposed limiting conditions for operation for the in-core detector system.
Continual Attentive Fusion for Incremental Learning in Semantic Segmentation (2022)

Over the past years, semantic segmentation, as many other tasks in computer vision, benefited from the progress in deep neural networks, resulting in significantly improved performance. However, deep architectures trained with gradient-based techniques suffer from catastrophic forgetting, which is the tendency to forget previously learned knowledge while learning new tasks. Aiming at devising strategies to counteract this effect, incremental learning approaches have gained popularity over the past years. However, the first incremental learning methods for semantic segmentation appeared only recently. While effective, these approaches do not account for a crucial aspect in pixel-level dense prediction problems, i.e. the role of attention mechanisms. To fill this gap, in this paper we introduce a novel attentive feature distillation approach to mitigate catastrophic forgetting while accounting for semantic spatial- and channel-level dependencies. Furthermore, we propose a {continual attentive fusion} structure, which takes advantage of the attention learned from the new and the old tasks while learning features for the new task. Finally, we also introduce a novel strategy to account for the background class in the distillation loss, thus preventing biased predictions. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach with an extensive evaluation on Pascal-VOC 2012 and ADE20K, setting a new state of the art.
Morphology of the nuclear region of M82 at 2.2 microns (1986)

High-resolution 2.2 μ images of the central arcminute of M82 (NGC 3034) reveal a complex morphology. The authors report coordinates and surface brightnesses for six features, one of which is near the position of the brightest centimeter source, 41.9+58. The 2.2 μ center of M82 coincides with the radio kinematic center to within the errors of measurement.
Peptide Identification Using Peptide Amino Acid Attribute Vectors (2004)

We describe the theoretical basis for a peptide identification method wherein peptides are represented as vectors based on their amino acid composition and grouped into clusters. Unknown peptides are identified by finding the database cluster and peptide entries with the shortest Euclidian distance. We demonstrate that the amino acid composition of peptides is virtually as informative as the sequence and allows rapid peptide identification more accurately than peptide mass alone.
Effect of supplementation with a cysteine donor on muscular performance (1999)

Oxidative stress contributes to muscular fatigue. GSH is the major intracellular antioxidant, the biosynthesis of which is dependent on cysteine availability. We hypothesized that supplementation with a whey-based cysteine donor [Immunocal (HMS90)] designed to augment intracellular GSH would enhance performance. Twenty healthy young adults (10 men, 10 women) were studied presupplementation and 3 mo postsupplementation with either Immunocal (20 g/day) or casein placebo. Muscular performance was assessed by whole leg isokinetic cycle testing, measuring peak power and 30-s work capacity. Lymphocyte GSH was used as a marker of tissue GSH. There were no baseline differences (age, ht, wt, %ideal wt, peak power, 30-s work capacity). Follow-up data on 18 subjects (9 Immunocal, 9 placebo) were analyzed. Both peak power [13 +/- 3.5 (SE) %, P < 0.02] and 30-s work capacity (13 +/- 3.7%, P < 0.03) increased significantly in the Immunocal group, with no change (2 +/- 9.0 and 1 +/- 9.3%) in the placebo group. Lymphocyte GSH also increased significantly in the Immunocal group (35.5 +/- 11.04%, P < 0.02), with no change in the placebo group (-0.9 +/- 9.6%). This is the first study to demonstrate that prolonged supplementation with a product designed to augment antioxidant defenses resulted in improved volitional performance.
ChemInform Abstract: The Absolute Configuration of β‐Bisabolol. (1986)

Abstract (‐)‐8‐Epi‐oL‐bisabolol (I) and (‐)‐4‐epi‐β‐bisabolol (II) are identified as constituents of bergamot oil.
A comparative study of discretization methods for naive-Bayes classifiers (2002)

Discretization is a popular approach to handling numeric attributes in machine learning. We argue that the requirements for effective discretization differ between naive-Bayes learning and many other learning algorithms. We evaluate the effectiveness with naive-Bayes classifiers of nine discretization methods, equal width discretization (EWD), equal frequency discretization (EFD), fuzzy discretization (FD), entropy minimization discretization (EMD), iterative discretization (ID), proportional k-interval discretization (PKID), lazy discretization (LD), nondisjoint discretization (NDD) and weighted proportional k-interval discretization (WPKID). It is found that in general naive-Bayes classifiers trained on data preprocessed by LD, NDD or WPKID achieve lower classification error than those trained on data preprocessed by the other discretization methods. But LD can not scale to large data. This study leads to a new discretization method, weighted non-disjoint discretization (WNDD) that combines WPKID and NDD&amp;apos;s advantages. Our experiments show that among all the rival discretization methods, WNDD best helps naive-Bayes classifiers reduce average classification error.
Sweyjawbu expression is a predictor of ALK rearrangement status in lymphoma (2016)

In recent years molecular subtyping has become an important tool for accurate diagnosis of many cancers; for example, the detection of ALK rearrangements in lymphoma and lung cancer helps clinicians provide more precise diagnosis and treatment. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and immunohistochemistry (IHC) are two routine approaches used to detect ALK rearrangements. However, difficulties with acquisition of biopsy samples, high costs, and long waiting time for results negatively impact the application of these methods. A rapid and inexpensive alternative would be a useful complement to current ALK rearrangement detection. We identified a novel gene, sweyjawbu, from Affymetrix microarray studies. Its expression correlated strongly with ALK in an analysis of 1037 cancer cell lines (correlation coefficient = 0.92). By comparing sweyjawbu transcript levels, it was possible to discriminate 12 ALK rearrangement-positive lymphoma samples from 64 ALK rearrangement-negative lymphomas. Moreover, combining measurements of sweyjawbu expression and the ratio of the 5' and 3' portions of the ALK transcript provided even more accurate identification of ALK rearrangement-positive lymphomas. This novel approach is an excellent complement or alternative to existing FISH and IHC methodologies.
Delivering Excellent Service Quality in Aviation (2017)

A practical and realistic guide for both external and internal service providers in an aviation context to implementing an effective way to control the service quality as perceived by their customers, Delivering Excellent Service Quality in Aviation is essential for those service providers that are not yet systematically managing their service quality. Offering a step-by-step and easy to understand framework, it also enables those service providers that are already proactively managing their service quality to build new techniques into current practice for maximum effect. By using this guide, decision-making as well as budget and capacity planning can be optimized and justified to any stakeholders in the service operation. Customer satisfaction can be improved considerably over time and, thereby, profits (or budget allocation for internal service providers). Crucially, the improvements the book provides can be systematically measured and easily disseminated throughout the organization, leading to increased levels of motivation amongst staff.
Biochemical Correction of Short-Chain Acyl-Coenzyme A Dehydrogenase Deficiency After Portal Vein Injection of rAAV8-SCAD (2008)

Recombinant adeno-associated viral vectors pseudotyped with serotype 5 and 8 capsids (AAV5 and AAV8) have been shown to be efficient gene transfer reagents for the liver. We have produced AAV5 and AAV8 vectors that express mouse short-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (mSCAD) cDNA under the transcriptional control of the cytomegalovirus-chicken beta-actin hybrid promoter. We hypothesized that these vectors would produce sufficient hepatocyte transduction (after administration via the portal vein) and thus sufficient SCAD enzyme to correct the phenotype observed in the SCAD-deficient (BALB/cByJ) mouse, which includes elevated blood butyrylcarnitine and hepatic steatosis. Ten weeks after portal vein injection into 8-week-old mice, AAV8-treated livers contained acyl-CoA dehydrogenase activity (14.3 mU/mg) toward butyryl-CoA, compared with 7.6 mU/mg in mice that received phosphate-buffered saline. Immunohistochemistry showed expression of mSCAD within rAAV8-mSCAD-transduced hepatocytes, as seen by light microscopy. A significant reduction of circulating butyrylcarnitine was seen in AAV5-mSCAD- and AAV8-mSCAD-injected mice. Magnetic resonance spectroscopy of fasted mice demonstrated a significant reduction in relative lipid content within the livers of AAV8-mSCAD-treated mice. These results demonstrate biochemical correction of SCAD deficiency after AAV8-mediated SCAD gene delivery.
Author Correction: An atlas of dynamic chromatin landscapes in mouse fetal development (2021)

A Correction to this paper has been published: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-020-03089-4.
Performance Characteristics of Fluorescence Endoscope in Detection of Head and Neck Cancers (2001)

Laser-induced fluorescence endoscopy (LIFE) is a noninvasive method for detecting early cancers in hollow organs. A laser-induced fluorescence endoscope that was designed for lung imaging was investigated for its effectiveness in comparison to white light endoscopy (WLE) in localizing head and neck cancers. A total of 196 images from 98 sites in 56 patients were graded into 5 levels from normal to definitely abnormal. A cutoff level to differentiate normal from abnormal images was chosen from a receiver operating characteristic curve. On this basis, LIFE (sensitivity, 92.86%; specificity, 78.57%) was observed to be more effective and reliable than WLE (sensitivity, 67.86%; specificity, 70%) in locating neoplastic foci and precancerous lesions. Nevertheless, WLE was helpful in presenting anatomic details. The reliability of LIFE varied from site to site. It excelled in examination of the oropharynx (sensitivity, 100%; specificity, 96.20%), but was less effective for lesions of the nasopharynx (sensitivity, 66.70%; specificity, 75.00%). In standardizing the test, interobserver variation was assessed, and good agreement in image interpretation was confirmed by statistical analysis. In conclusion, LIFE was found to be an effective and reliable tool for detecting head and neck cancers.
The Establishment of Social Economy Analytical Model and its Application in China——in the Light of Scientific Outlook on Development and Marxist Social Economy (2009)

The theory of social economic development has been widely applied in developed countries after WWII.The focus of this theory and its model is on the function of scientific and technological development,human capital accumulation,division of labor and institutional change.But the deficiency of their epistemology held by economists of developed countries prevents them from building a scientific theory of social economic development and its analytical model.Therefore,Marxist methodology must be adopted in building a scientific theory for the purpose of guiding and serving social economic development.