gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Modulation of frequency doubled DFB-tapered diode lasers for medical treatment (2017)

The use of visible lasers for medical treatments is on the rise, and together with this comes higher expectations for the laser systems. For many medical treatments, such as ophthalmology, doctors require pulse on demand operation together with a complete extinction of the light between pulses. We have demonstrated power modulation from 0.1 Hz to 10 kHz at 532 nm with a modulation depth above 97% by wavelength detuning of the laser diode. The laser diode is a 1064 nm monolithic device with a distributed feedback (DFB) laser as the master oscillator (MO), and a tapered power amplifier (PA). The MO and PA have separate electrical contacts and the modulation is achieved with wavelength tuning by adjusting the current through the MO 40 mA.
A Novel Processing Methodology for Traffic-Speed Road Surveys Using Point Lasers (2019)

The rapidly increasing traffic volumes using local road networks allied to the implications of climate change drive the demand for cost-effective, reliable and accurate road condition assessment. A particular concern for local road asset managers is the loss of material from the road surface known as fretting which unchecked can lead to potholes. In order to assess the road condition quantitatively and affordably, a system should be designed with low complexity, be capable of operating in a variety of weather conditions and operate at normal traffic-speeds. Many different techniques have been developed for road condition assessment such as ground penetrating radar, visual sensors and mobile scanning lasers. In this work, the use of the point laser technique for scanning the road surface is investigated. It has the advantages of being sufficiently accurate, is relatively unaffected by levels of illumination and it produces relatively low volumes of data. In this work, road fretting/surface disintegration was determined using a novel signal processing approach which considers a number of features of reflected laser signals. The proposed methodology was demonstrated using data collected from the UK's local road network. The experimental results indicate that the proposed system can assess road fretting to an accuracy which is comparable to a visual inspection, and at Information Quality Level (IQL) 3 which is sufficient for tactical road asset management whereby road sections requiring treatment are selected and appropriate treatments identified.
Short Notices (1963)

Journal Article Short Notices Get access DAVID MATHEW DAVID MATHEW London Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The English Historical Review, Volume LXXVIII, Issue CCCVI, January 1963, Pages 170–171, https://doi.org/10.1093/ehr/LXXVIII.CCCVI.170 Published: 01 January 1963
Sensor fusion for mining robots (1994)

The use of robots for work in hazardous or unpleasant environments is one factor driving the demand for machines of ever-increasing autonomy and intelligence. Such machines are required to sense and interpret situations, plan strategies, and execute tasks with nearly absolute reliability. Negotiation of complex environments requires the use of a variety of different sensor types and the interpretation of conflicting or missing data, diagnosis of faulty sensors, and the ability to reconfigure a system to work with a partially inoperative sensor suite. This paper focuses on the issues of integration of information from disparate sensor types in the presence of noise and uncertainty. The application is a mobile robot called the autonomous navigation testbed being used at West Virginia University for research in mining robot applications. This paper describes both traditional control techniques and neural network-based methods being used to interpret data from a variety of sensors on the mobile testbed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Photophysical properties of solid films of fullerene, C60 (1991)

The authors report results on photophysical properties of solid films at C60, including optical absorption, photoluminescence, electroabsorption, photoconductivity, and photoinduced absorption. They observe photoconductivity for excitation energies from the UV to the near IR and find that the excitation spectrum follows the optical absorption. The electroabsorption response varies quadratically with electric field, shows oscillations at the band edge, and has an anisotropy of slightly less than three with respect to the light polarization and the direction of the applied electric field. Photoluminescence from excited states shows vibrational fine structure, a strong temperature dependence, and some variation with excitation energy. They see photoinduced absorption attributed to triplet-triplet transitions at 1.7 eV and also a band peaking at 1.3 eV. A further band at 2.33 eV is seen in C60/C70 mixtures (10% C70) and also in degraded C60 samples. They consider that these bands may arise from extrinsic stabilization of photoseparated charges.
Assembly and Budding of Ebolavirus (2006)

Ebolavirus is responsible for highly lethal hemorrhagic fever. Like all viruses, it must reproduce its various components and assemble them in cells in order to reproduce infectious virions and perpetuate itself. To generate infectious Ebolavirus, a viral genome-protein complex called the nucleocapsid (NC) must be produced and transported to the cell surface, incorporated into virions, and then released from cells. To further our understanding of the Ebolavirus life cycle, we expressed the various viral proteins in mammalian cells and examined them ultrastructurally and biochemically. Expression of nucleoprotein alone led to the formation of helical tubes, which likely serve as a core for the NC. The matrix protein VP40 was found to be critical for transport of NCs to the cell surface and for the incorporation of NCs into virions, where interaction between nucleoprotein and the matrix protein VP40 is likely essential for these processes. Examination of virus-infected cells revealed that virions containing NCs mainly emerge horizontally from the cell surface, whereas empty virions mainly bud vertically, suggesting that horizontal budding is the major mode of Ebolavirus budding. These data form a foundation for the identification and development of potential antiviral agents to combat the devastating disease caused by this virus.
Robust ternary metal gate electrodes for dual gate CMOS devices (2002)

This report describes thermally stable dual metal gate electrodes for surface channel Si CMOS devices. We found that the ternary metal nitrides, i.e., Ti/sub 1-x/Al/sub x/N/sub y/ (TiAlN) and TaSi/sub x/N/sub y/ (TaSiN) films, are stable up to 1000/spl deg/C. Especially, the stoichiometric TiAlN (y/spl sim/1) exhibited highly robust p-type gate electrode (p-TiAlN) properties, demonstrating a work function (/spl Phi//sub m/) of /spl sim/5.1 eV and excellent gate oxide integrity against the thermal budget of conventional Si CMOS processing. The N-deficient TiAlN (y < 1) showed /spl Phi//sub m/ for n-type electrode (n-TiAlN) with limited thermal stability. The dual gate electrodes, p-TiAlN and TaSiN, exhibited negligible EOT (equivalent oxide thickness) variation on the high-k gate dielectrics (ZrO/sub 2/, HfO/sub 2/) up to 950/spl deg/C.
Congenital Jejunal Atresia - A Case Report (1996)

Atresia is the most common cause of congenital intestinal obstruction and its incidence ranges form one in 5,000 to one in 10,000 live births. It might result from an ischemic injury to the bowel during the pregnancy in the pathogenesis of this malformation. We report a case of 36-gestation-age neonate, who was born to a 34-year-old healthy mother. Dilated intestinal loops were revealed by prenatal ultrasonography during the last 5 weeks of pregnancy. At birth, polyhydramnios with meconium stain was noted, and 200mL amniotic fluid was aspirated from the stomach. Physical examination revealed a pinkish, active, crying infant with a distended abdomen. Upper gastrointestinal series were performed on the next day and showed static contrast medium at the jejunum that had not pass through the intestinal tract 24 hours later. Under the impression of jejunoileal atresia, laparotomy was performed on the 3rd with a dilated jejunum proximal to the atresia site. The pathological findings under a microscope were compatible with congenital atresia. After resection and end-to-end anastomosis, total parenteral nutrition was administered. Unfortunately, the neonate began to suffer from diarrhea when regular oralformula was given to her staring at the 7th week. Stool analysis revealed malabsorption of neutral fatand starch. After intake of Pregestimil, the symptom improved gradually although her body weight remained under the 3rd percentile until 9 months old. We thought her chronic diarrhea might have been caused by long-term disused atrophy and malabsorption by her intestine. It took her about 270 days for her to fully recover and for her chronic diarrhea to subside.
Signals for the approximate characterization of acoustic systems (2010)

In attempting to experimentally characterize an acoustic system with a progressive, non-essential nonlinearity that is driven by a small amplitude excitation as a nominally equivalent linear time-invariant (LTI) system, the relevant metric of measurement quality is the signal-to-noise-and-distortion (SINAD) ratio associated with the data rather than merely the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the measurement. This sort of measurement involves an inherent trade-off between noise and distortion. At small drive levels, noise is problematic; whereas at larger drive levels, nonlinear distortion rather than noise limits the quality of the approximation. Although the noise can be independently characterized in a signal-free measurement, the distortion is not similarly accessible and must be neglected, assumed, or approximated. It is proposed that a reasonable empirical approximation to the SINAD can be achieved by applying a linear pulse compression to measured data such that the pulse response of the system along with some noise may be temporally separated from a significant portion of the measured noise and distortion. The approximate SINAD ratio, which is referred to as the apparent signal-to-noise ratio (ASNR) can then be formed with the ratio of energies computed for each of these separated components. This scheme was tested on both numerical and experimental systems and found to yield a suitable surrogate for the SINAD, which could be used to evaluate the relative merits of various candidate probing signals.
A Position-Sensorless IPM Motor Drive System Using a Position Estimation Based on Magnetic Saliency (1998)

This paper describes position-sensorless control of an interior permanent magnet synchronous motor (IPM motor), which is characterized by real-time position estimation based on magnetic saliency. The real-time estimation argorithm proposed in this paper determines the inductance matrix including rotor position information from current harmonics produced by switching operations of an inverter driving the IPM motor, and then estimates the rotor position every period of pulse-width modulation (PWM). Position estimation without any special signal injection is achieved with a satisfactory response and accuracy even at a standstill and at low speed. An experimental system consisting of an IPM motor and a voltage-source PWM inverter has been implemented and tested to confirm the effectiveness and versatility of the approach. Some experimental results show that the experimental system has the function of electrically locking the loaded motor, along with a position response of 20rad/s and a settling time of 300ms.
Determining Goal Concordant Care in the Intensive Care Unit Using Electronic Health Records (2022)

The EHR can be used to understand patient goals, but the information is scattered across the multi-disciplinary notes. Improving EHR and external validation will facilitate ascertainment of goal concordance as an important outcome measure.
Synthesis and in vitro evaluation of some modified 4-thiopyrimidine nucleosides for prevention or reversal of AIDS - associated neurological disorders (1990)

Oxygen-sulfur exchange at the C-4 carbonyl of several modified pyrimidine nucleosides, including 3'-azido-3'-deoxythymidine (AZT), is described in an effort to enhance the lipophilicity and, thereby, the delivery to the central nervous system of the sulfur analogues without compromising the anti-HIV activities of the parental structures. Preparation of 3'-azido-3'-deoxy-4-thiothymidine (3) proceeded from 4-thiothymidine (1) and utilized the same methodology developed for the initial synthesis of AZT. Thiation of 2',3'-didehydro-3'-deoxythymidine (4a) and 2',3'-didehydro-2',3'-dideoxyuridine (4c) was carried out with Lawesson's reagent on the corresponding 5'-O-benzoate esters, 4b and 4d, to give 5a and 5c, respectively. The latter, on alkaline hydrolysis, gave 2',3'-didehydro-3'-deoxy-4-thiothymidine (5b) and 2',3'-didehydro-2',3'-dideoxyuridine (5d), respectively. The same series of reactions were applied to the 5'-O-benzoate esters of 2',3'-dideoxyuridine (6a) and 3'-deoxythymidine (6b) to give 2',3'-dideoxy-4-thiouridine (7d) and 3'-deoxy-4-thiothymidine (7b), respectively. Characterization of the saturated and unsaturated thionucleosides included mass spectrometric studies. Under electron impact conditions, the thiated analogues gave more intense parent ions than the corresponding oxygen precursors. The lipophilicity of thymidine and the 3'-deoxythymidine derivatives are enhanced significantly, as indicated, by increases in corresponding P values (1-octanol-0.1 M sodium phosphate) upon replacement of the 4-carbonyl oxygens by sulfur. Compounds 5b, 5d, 7b, and 7d were evaluated for their effects on HIV-induced cytopathogenicity of MT-2 and CEM cells. Only 5b and 7b were moderately active in protecting both cell lines against the cytolytic effect of HIV. The inhibitory effects of analogues 5b, 5d, 7b, and 7d on thymidine phosphorylation by rabbit thymus thymidine kinase were evaluated. Only 3 showed moderate affinity (Ki = 54 microM) for the enzyme. The generally weak anti-HIV activities of the remaining thio analogues are consistent with correspondingly low susceptibilities to thymidine kinase phosphorylation as estimated from the respective Ki values of the synthetic nucleosides. However, the phosphorylation of the 5'-monophosphate derivatives to their respective 5'-triphosphates must also be considered in connection with the weak in vitro anti-HIV effects of these thiated compounds.
Double‐Transition‐Metal MXene Films Promoting Deeply Rechargeable Magnesium Metal Batteries (2023)

Magnesium metal batteries are promising candidates for next-generation high-energy-density and low-cost energy storage systems. Their application, however, is precluded by infinite relative volume changes and inevitable side reactions of Mg metal anodes. These issues become more pronounced at large areal capacities that are required for practical batteries. Herein, for the first time, double-transition-metal MXene films are developed to promote deeply rechargeable magnesium metal batteries using Mo<sub>2</sub> Ti<sub>2</sub> C<sub>3</sub> as a representative example. The freestanding Mo<sub>2</sub> Ti<sub>2</sub> C<sub>3</sub> films, which are prepared using a simple vacuum filtration method, possess good electronic conductivity, unique surface chemistry, and high mechanical modulus. These superior electro-chemo-mechanical merits of Mo<sub>2</sub> Ti<sub>2</sub> C<sub>3</sub> films help to accelerate electrons/ions transfer, suppress electrolyte decomposition and dead Mg formation, as well as maintain electrode structural integrity during long-term and large-capacity operation. As a result, the as-developed Mo<sub>2</sub> Ti<sub>2</sub> C<sub>3</sub> films exhibit reversible Mg plating/stripping with high Coulombic efficiency of 99.3% at a record-high capacity of 15 mAh cm<sup>-2</sup> . This work not only sheds innovative insights into current collector design for deeply cyclable Mg metal anodes, but also paves the way for the application of double-transition-metal MXene materials in other alkali and alkaline earth metal batteries.
P383 Relationship between histo-endoscopic mucosal healing and baseline characteristics in patients with moderately to severely active Ulcerative Colitis receiving filgotinib in the phase 2b/3 SELECTION study (2021)

Abstract Background Filgotinib (FIL), an oral preferential Janus kinase 1 inhibitor, was evaluated for the treatment of ulcerative colitis in the phase 2b/3 double-blind, placebo (PBO)-controlled SELECTION study (NCT02914522). Clinical, histological and endoscopic remission rates at week 58 were significantly greater with FIL 200 mg than with PBO (p &amp;lt; 0.025 for all comparisons). Here, we identify disease characteristics contributing to histo-endoscopic mucosal healing (HEMH; Geboes histological remission and endoscopic subscore ≤ 1) at week 58. FIL 100 mg data are excluded from by-treatment summaries because histological and endoscopic remission rates were not significantly different from PBO in SELECTION. Methods Eligible patients (18–75 years old) with moderately to severely active ulcerative colitis were enrolled in Induction Study A (biologic-naïve) or B (biologic-experienced) and randomized to receive FIL 200 mg, FIL 100 mg or PBO (2:2:1) once daily for up to 11 weeks, with response assessed at week 10. At week 11, FIL responders were re-randomized 2:1 to continue their induction FIL dose or to receive PBO for the 47-week maintenance study. PBO responders continued receiving PBO. For the maintenance study, univariate logistic regression was used to identify baseline and week 10 disease characteristics associated with HEMH (defined as achieving both Geboes histological remission [Grade 0 of ≤0.3, Grade 1 of ≤ 1.1, Grade 2a of ≤ 2A.3, Grade 2b of 2B.0, Grade 3 of 3.0, Grade 4 of 4.0, and Grade 5 of 5.0] and an endoscopic subscore of 0 or 1) at week 58 for patients receiving FIL 200 mg; variables with p &amp;lt; 0.05 in the univariate analysis were included in a multivariate analysis. Results Patients had similar characteristics across the treatment groups for both the induction (Table 1) and maintenance studies (Table 2). HEMH was achieved in a greater proportion of patients receiving FIL 200 mg than those receiving respective PBO at week 58 (32.7% vs 10.2%; p &amp;lt; 0.0001). No associations between disease characteristics (at baseline and week 11) and HEMH at week 58 were found (Table 3). Conclusion FIL 200 mg was effective at establishing HEMH compared with PBO at week 58; there were no baseline characteristics identified to be associated with HEMH at week 58.
Oral and bronchial provocation tests with aspirin for diagnosis of aspirin-induced asthma (2000)

In 35 asthmatic patients with acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin; ASA) intolerance (AIA) and 15 asthmatics tolerating ASA well, the authors compared the diagnostic value of the placebo-controlled oral ASA versus inhaled L-lysine (L) ASA challenges. All AIA subjects gave a history of asthmatic attacks following ingestion of ASA and in all of them the intolerance was confirmed by oral challenge test over the past 10 yrs. Doses of ASA increasing in geometric progression were used in oral tests 10-312 mg (cumulative dose 500 mg); in bronchial tests 0.18-115 mg (cumulative dose 182 mg). Either challenge was considered as positive, if forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) dropped at least 20% from the baseline value and/or strong extrabronchial symptoms of intolerance occurred. Urinary leukotriene E4 excretion was determined at baseline and following the challenges. In 24 out of 35 patients the oral test was positive, based on a 20% decrease in FEV1. When including extrabronchial symptoms this was positive in 31 cases. Bronchial L-ASA challenge led to > or =20% fall FEV1 in 21 out of 35 cases, and in 27 cases when including extrabronchial symptoms. No correlation was observed between ASA provocative dose causing a 20% fall in FEV1, determined by the oral route compared to the inhalation route. Urinary LTE4 increased after both challenges the rise being higher following oral as compared to inhalation provocation (p=0.0001). It is concluded that both tests had similar specificity whilst the oral test showed a tendency to higher sensitivity for the clinical diagnosis of acetylsalicylic acid intolerance. The inclusion of extrabronchial symptoms into the criteria of test positivity enhanced the diagnostic value of both procedures. In both tests the highest leukotriene E4 increases were found in the presence of extrabronchial symptoms, suggesting the participation of tissues other than the lung in aspirin induced leukotriene E4 release to urine.
Low level laser therapy in the management of breast cancer-related lymphedema: protocol for a randomized controlled feasibility trial (2018)

Background: Breast cancer-related lymphedema (BCRL) is a prevalent long-term condition secondary to cancer treatment. BCRL impacts physical function, psychological health, and quality of life for patients who have survived breast cancer.Objectives: This study will assess the feasibility of a fully-powered randomized controlled trial investigating the effectiveness of low level laser therapy (LLLT), also known as photobiomodulation (PBM) therapy, as an adjunct treatment for managing BCRL.Methods: This study will be a pragmatic two-armed randomized controlled feasibility trial. Twenty female participants being treated for BCRL at the Dunedin Hospital, New Zealand, will be recruited over a 6-month window. Subject to informed consent, participants will be offered LLLT (PBM) in addition to their regular treatment for BCRL. Twelve treatments with laser therapy will continue for 6 weeks (twice weekly). Feasibility outcomes (recruitment rate, randomization rate, participant’s adherence to the LLLT (PBM) treatment protocol, and participant retention rates) will be collected during the recruitment and intervention period. Participant satisfaction will be collected on completion of treatment intervention. Safety outcomes of LLLT (PBM) will be collected at each treatment visit. Clinical outcome measures (limb circumference, participant’s perceived symptoms, psychological impacts, and activity disability) will be assessed at baseline, 6 and 12 weeks post-randomization.Conclusions: Results of this feasibility trial will inform the design and implementation of a future definitive randomized controlled trial, which will investigate the effectiveness of LLLT (PBM) for women with BCRL.
Effect of Hydrogen on Transformation Characteristics and Deformation Behavior in a TiNi Shape Memory Alloy (1992)

Transformation characteristics and deformation behavior of hydrogenated Ti-50.5 at%Ni alloys, which were occluded in a low pressure range of hydrogen between 1.1 and 78.5 kPa, have been studied by electrical resistivity measurement, tensile test, X-ray diffraction analysis and microstructural observation.Ms temperature of the Ti-Ni alloys decreased with an increase in hydrogen content. This corresponds to the stabilization of the parent phase during cooling, which was confirmed by X-ray diffraction: The suppression effect of hydrogen takes place on the martensitic transformation.Critical stress for slip deformation of hydrogenated Ti-Ni alloys changed with hydrogen content and thus hydrogen had a major influence on deformation behavior of those alloys. With hydrogen contents above 0.032 mol%, hardening was distinguished from softening which was pronounced in the contents from 0 to 0.032 mol%H.Hydrides were formed in hydrogen contents over 1.9 mol%. The hydride formation results in the reorientation in variants of the R phase and an increase in the lattice strains of the parent phase.