gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Data Sharing Goals for Nonprofit Funders of Clinical Trials (2020)

Sharing clinical trial data can provide value to research participants and communities by accelerating the development of new knowledge and therapies as investigators merge data sets to conduct new analyses, reproduce published findings to raise standards for original research, and learn from the work of others to generate new research questions. Nonprofit funders, including disease advocacy and patient-focused organizations, play a pivotal role in the promotion and implementation of data sharing policies. Funders are uniquely positioned to promote and support a culture of data sharing by serving as trusted liaisons between potential research participants and investigators who wish to access these participants' networks for clinical trial recruitment. In short, nonprofit funders can drive policies and influence research culture. The purpose of this paper is to detail a set of aspirational goals and forward thinking, collaborative data sharing solutions for nonprofit funders to fold into existing funding policies. The goals of this paper convey the complexity of the opportunities and challenges facing nonprofit funders and the appropriate prioritization of data sharing within their organizations and may serve as a starting point for a data sharing toolkit for nonprofit funders of clinical trials to provide the clarity of mission and mechanisms to enforce the data sharing practices their communities already expect are happening.
Pathogenesis of Mitral Regurgitation in Tachycardia-Induced Cardiomyopathy (2001)

Background Dilated cardiomyopathy is often associated with mitral regurgitation (MR), or so-called functional MR, the mechanism of which continues to be debated. We studied the valvular and ventricular 3D geometric perturbations associated with MR in an ovine model of tachycardia-induced cardiomyopathy (TIC). Methods and Results Nine sheep underwent myocardial marker implantation in the left ventricle (LV), mitral annulus, and mitral leaflets. After 5 to 8 days, the animals were studied with biplane videofluoroscopy (baseline), and mitral competence was assessed by transesophageal echocardiography. Rapid ventricular pacing (180 to 230 bpm) was subsequently initiated for 15±6 days until the development of TIC and MR, whereupon biplane videofluoroscopy and transesophageal echocardiography studies were repeated. LV volume was calculated from the epicardial marker array. Valve closure time was defined as the time after end diastole when the distance between leaflet edge markers reached its minimal plateau. TIC resulted in increased LV end-diastolic volume ( P =0.001) and LV end-systolic volume ( P =0.0001) and greater LV sphericity ( P =0.02). MR increased significantly (grade 0.2±0.3 versus 2.2±0.9, P =0.0001), as did mitral annulus area (817±146 versus 1100±161 mm 2 , P =0.0001) and mitral annulus septal-lateral diameter (28.2±3.5 versus 35.1±2.6 mm, P =0.0001). Time of valve closure (70±18 versus 87±14 ms, P =0.23) and angular displacement of both the anterior (29±5° versus 27±3°, P =0.3) and posterior (55±15° versus 44±11°, P =0.13) leaflet edges relative to the mitral annulus after valve closure did not change, but leaflet edge separation after closure increased (5.2±0.9 versus 6.8±1.2 mm, P =0.019). Conclusions MR in TIC resulted from decreased leaflet coaptation secondary to annular dilatation in the septal-lateral direction. These data support the use of annular reduction procedures, such as rigid, complete ring annuloplasty, to address functional MR in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy.
Delta Neutrophil Index as a Marker for Differential Diagnosis between Acute Graft Pyelonephritis and Acute Graft Rejection (2015)

This study showed that DNI was an effective marker to differentiate between AGPN and acute graft rejection. Thus, these finding suggest that DNI may be a useful marker in the management of these patients.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTH. EINES 2‐AMINO‐AZIRIDINS (1970)

Abstract Aus den Enaminen (I) und Phenylazid (II) entstehen die Triazoline (III), die bei der Photolyse in die Amino‐aziridine (IV) zerfallen; daneben entstehen die Amidine (V).
Real-time reasoning: the monitoring and control of spacecraft systems (2002)

Research concerned with automating the monitoring and control of spacecraft systems is discussed. In particular, the application the procedural reasoning system (PRS) to the handling of malfunctions in the reaction control system (RCS) of NASAs space shuttle is studied. Unlike traditional monitoring and control systems, PRS is able to reason about and perform complex tasks in a very flexible and robust manner, somewhat in the manner of a human assistant. using various RCS malfunctions as examples (including sensor faults, leaking components, multiple alarms, and regulator and jet failures), it is shown how PRS manages to combine both goal-directed reasoning and the ability to react rapidly to unanticipated changes in its environment. Some important issues in the design of PRS are reviewed, and future enhancements are indicated.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Performance analysis of a gateway connecting the CEBus to the ISDN (1993)

The performance of a gateway which connects the CEBus to the ISDN has been investigated. The gateway handles three priority class messages for either direction. Message and channel throughputs and packet and message delays have been studied in terms of the offered load for intra-network traffic in the CEBus and inter-network traffic from the CEBus to the ISDN through the gateway. It has been found that the delay for inter-network traffic for any priority level is much higher than that for intra-network traffic. In light traffic load, the delay for the ISDN to the CEBus direction is lower than that for the opposite direction. This was seen to reverse in heavy loads. In addition, significant decline of throughput was found, under the condition of large propagation delay, for all three priorities of inter-network traffic. Under favorable conditions, i.e., for low or zero propagation delay, packet length in the range of 300 to 500 bits, and light traffic, less than 70% of offered load (including inter-network traffic via the gateway), the CEBus-gateway-ISDN system performs satisfactorily.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Botulinum Toxin Injection in the Treatment of Tennis Elbow (2005)

With the numbers studied, we failed to find a significant difference between the two groups; thus, we have no evidence of a benefit from botulinum toxin injection in the treatment of chronic tennis elbow.
Architecture of a quality based intelligent proxy (QBIX) for MPEG-4 videos (2003)

Due to the increasing availability and use of digital video data on the Web, video caching will be an important performance factor in the future WWW. We propose an architecture of a video proxy cache that integrates modern multimedia and communication standards. Especially we describe features of the MPEG-4 and MPEG-7 multimedia standards that can be helpful for a video proxy cache. QBIX supports real-time adaptation in the compressed and in the decompressed domain. It uses adaptation to improve the cache replacement strategies in the proxy, but also to realize media gateway functionality driven by the clients' terminal capabilities.
Bacterial translocation occurs early in cirrhosis and triggers a selective inflammatory response (2023)

NCT03267615.
Copper(II)- and Copper(III)-Peptide Complexes (1977)

Coordination of deprotonated-peptide nitrogens greatly affects the binding and kinetic reactivity of Cu(II) and the ease of oxidation to Cu(III). Substitution reactions of oligopeptide and serum albumin complexes of Cu(II) are characterized by three reaction pathways—(1) proton transfer to the peptide group, (2) nucleophilic attack on copper, and (3) a combination of proton transfer and nucleophilic attack. Depending upon the nature of the coordinated ligands, the electrode potentials of Cu(III)-Cu(II) couples vary from 0.5 to 1.0 V (vs. NHE). Copper(III)-peptide complexes are characterized in solution in terms of their electrochemical, spectral, and kinetic properties. At high pH amine groups coordinated to Cu(III) also will deprotonate.
Objective Characterization of the Mouthfeel of Gum Solutions (1962)

SUMMARY A correlation was established between the mouthfeel characteristics of gum solutions and their rheological behavior. Gums that are very slimy in the mouth deviate only slightly from Newtonian viscosity. The degree of sliminess decreases with increasing deviations from the Newtonian character, and gums that exhibit a high degree of shear thinning are nonslimy in the mouth. This finding enables selection of proper gums for specific consistency effects by simple reference to the shape of the viscosity vs. the rate‐of‐shear curve.
Focal-Plane Sensing-Processing: A Power-Efficient Approach for the Implementation of Privacy-Aware Networked Visual Sensors (2014)

The capture, processing and distribution of visual information is one of the major challenges for the paradigm of the Internet of Things. Privacy emerges as a fundamental barrier to overcome. The idea of networked image sensors pervasively collecting data generates social rejection in the face of sensitive information being tampered by hackers or misused by legitimate users. Power consumption also constitutes a crucial aspect. Images contain a massive amount of data to be processed under strict timing requirements, demanding high-performance vision systems. In this paper, we describe a hardware-based strategy to concurrently address these two key issues. By conveying processing capabilities to the focal plane in addition to sensing, we can implement privacy protection measures just at the point where sensitive data are generated. Furthermore, such measures can be tailored for efficiently reducing the computational load of subsequent processing stages. As a proof of concept, a full-custom QVGA vision sensor chip is presented. It incorporates a mixed-signal focal-plane sensing-processing array providing programmable pixelation of multiple image regions in parallel. In addition to this functionality, the sensor exploits reconfigurability to implement other processing primitives, namely block-wise dynamic range adaptation, integral image computation and multi-resolution filtering. The proposed circuitry is also suitable to build a granular space, becoming the raw material for subsequent feature extraction and recognition of categorized objects.
Optical and Polarity Control of Donor–Acceptor Conformation and Their Charge-Transfer States in Thermally Activated Delayed-Fluorescence Molecules (2017)

This study reports two novel D–A–D molecules, 2,7-bis(phenothiazin-10-yl)-9,9-dimethylthioxanthene-S,S-dioxide (DPT-TXO2) and 2,7-bis(1-methylphenothiazin-10-yl)-9,9-dimethylthioxanthene-S,S-dioxide (DMePT-TXO2), where the latter differs by only a methyl group incorporated on each of the donor units. DMePT-TXO2 in solution and in solid state shows dual charge-transfer (CT) emission. The CT states come from two distinctive conformations between the D and A units. Experiments show that the emission contribution of each state can be controlled by the polarity of the environment and by the excitation energy. Also, how the different conformers can be used to control the TADF mechanism is analyzed in detail. These results are important as they give a more in-depth understanding about the relation between molecular conformation and the TADF mechanism, thereby facilitating the design of new TADF molecules.
Innovations in resilient infrastructure design: immersed and floating tunnels (2012)

Immersed and floating tunnels are types of underwater tunnels: the former is buried in the bed of the waterway and the latter is not. Although the first floating tunnel has yet to be built, serious design efforts are well underway. Each type is fabricated in sections at a convenient location in the dry and then moved to its final installed location by floating at least part of the way. It is paramount that both types of structures are sufficiently resilient to preclude failure and subsequent catastrophic flooding whatever their imposed dynamic and other loadings. This paper examines these loadings and how these structures might meet their requirements for resilience within their respective transport systems. Because a risk of potential flooding exists, these requirements are somewhat different to those of land-based structures.
Pharmacokinetics of enteric‐coated cysteamine bitartrate in healthy adults: a pilot study (2010)

Although patient numbers were low, single high doses of cysteamine bitartrate enteric-coated were better tolerated than similar doses of cysteamine bitartrate non-enteric-coated in the healthy subjects and all had normal gastrin concentrations. The delayed tmax following cysteamine bitartrate enteric-coated suggested that the cysteamine was released enterically.
Directional Feature Field and Parallel Operations for Binary Images: Twisting Operation for Arbitrary Directional Propagation by 8‐Neighbors (1990)

Abstract This paper points out the importance of directional propagation with an expression of directional elements at each pixel of a binary image, as an extension of local parallel operations. This paper also proposes “a twisting operation” for an 8‐neighbor operation with an arbitrary direction and an arbitrary directional accuracy. By using this operation and the concept of vibrating operations, such as erosion‐dilatation or dilatation‐erosion, directional local parallel operations are defined to extract linear features. The effectiveness of the ideas is confirmed experimentally.
Nonvolatile Memory Based on Reversible Phase Transition Phenomena in Telluride Glasses (1989)

The phase transitions from amorphous to crystalline states, and vice versa, by applying electrical pulses were studied for sandwich structures of metal/Ge x Te 100- x thin film/metal. A systematic study of the crystallization temperature in Ge x T 100- x (5\leqslant x \leqslant 30) thin films has been carried out. In some compositions, more than 10 4 repetitions of amorphous to crystalline states, and vice versa, were attained by the application of electric pulses. A model is proposed to explain the results observed.
Zinc concentrations in serum, red blood cells and urine following strenuous exercise in endurance trained athletes 1678 (1997)

Zinc is involved in the regulation of more than 300 enzymatic reactions including enzymes with high sportsspecific relevance such as lactate dehydrogenase, pyruvate carboxylase, aldolase or carboanhydrase. Although, the organism has established distinct control mechanisms to maintain zinc concentrations within physiological limits, there is rising support for the opinion that regular, intense physical exercise may reduce body zinc content(e.g. via sweat or urine losses). Therefore, it has been hypothesized that especially endurance athletes are prone to zinc deficiency. In order to test this hypothesis, we determined zinc concentrations in serum, red blood cells(RBC) and collected urine samples in 114 endurance trained athletes (age 27.8 y, VO2max 59.8 ml/kg/min). Parameters were measured before (U1), 1 hour(U2) and 24 hours (U3) after a strenuous sprint triathlon (t 68.2 min). Results (Zn=zinc): Table From these data it can be concluded: i) Under resting conditions, zinc values (U1) in serum and RBC as well as zinc excretion in urine in the investigated athletes did not differ decisively from normal limits for sedentary subjects; ii) 1 h following exercise (U2) there was a significant decrease in serum zinc values while urine zinc concentrations increased significantly; iii) RBC zinc content was only moderately affected by physical exercise; iii) 24 hours after exercise serum values for zinc as well as urinary zinc excretion had almost returned to baseline values. It can be suggested that the reduction in serum zinc 1 hour after exercise can be explained largely by processes of redistribution (e.g. to RBC) and urinary losses. Nevertheless, the almost twofold exercise induced increase in urinary zinc excretion should well be considered regarding a balanced zinc metabolism. It remains to be determined whether urinary zinc losses due to repetitive bouts of strenuous exercise in combination with marginal dietary zinc intake could lead to a long-term reduction of body zinc content.
MEASURING BLOCKING ARTIFACTS USING EDGE DIRECTION INFORMATION (2004)

Block-based transform coding is the most popular approach for image and video compression. The objective measurement of blocking artifacts plays an important role in the design, optimization, and assessment of image and video coding systems. This paper presents a new algorithm for measuring blocking artifacts in images and videos. Instead of using the traditional pixel discontinuity along the block boundary, we use the edge directional information of the images. The new algorithm does not need the exact location of the block boundary thus is invariant to the displacement, rotation and scaling of the images. Experiments on various still images and videos show that the new blockiness measure is very efficient in terms of computational complexity and memory usage, and can produce blocking artifacts measurement consistent with subjective rating.
Expression profiling of chickpea genes differentially regulated during a resistance response to Ascochyta rabiei (2006)

Using microarray technology and a set of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) unigenes, grasspea (Lathyrus sativus L.) expressed sequence tags (ESTs) and lentil (Lens culinaris Med.) resistance gene analogues, the ascochyta blight (Ascochyta rabiei (Pass.) L.) resistance response was studied in four chickpea genotypes, including resistant, moderately resistant, susceptible and wild relative (Cicer echinospermum L.) genotypes. The experimental system minimized environmental effects and was conducted in reference design, in which samples from mock-inoculated controls acted as reference against post-inoculation samples. Robust data quality was achieved through the use of three biological replicates (including a dye swap), the inclusion of negative controls and strict selection criteria for differentially expressed genes, including a fold change cut-off determined by self-self hybridizations, Student's t-test and multiple testing correction (P < 0.05). Microarray observations were also validated by quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The time course expression patterns of 756 microarray features resulted in the differential expression of 97 genes in at least one genotype at one time point. k-means clustering grouped the genes into clusters of similar observations for each genotype, and comparisons between A. rabiei-resistant and A. rabiei-susceptible genotypes revealed potential gene 'signatures' predictive of effective A. rabiei resistance. These genes included several pathogenesis-related proteins, SNAKIN2 antimicrobial peptide, proline-rich protein, disease resistance response protein DRRG49-C, environmental stress-inducible protein, leucine-zipper protein, polymorphic antigen membrane protein, Ca-binding protein and several unknown proteins. The potential involvement of these genes and their pathways of induction are discussed. This study represents the first large-scale gene expression profiling in chickpea, and future work will focus on the functional validation of the genes of interest.
Voacamine and Voacorine (1964)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTVoacamine and VoacorineG. Buchi, R. E. Manning, and S. A. MontiCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1964, 86, 21, 4631–4641Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1964Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1964https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01075a023RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views572Altmetric-Citations66LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (1 MB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Single-Image Depth Perception in the Wild (2016)

This paper studies single-image depth perception in the wild, i.e., recovering depth from a single image taken in unconstrained settings. We introduce a new dataset "Depth in the Wild" consisting of images in the wild annotated with relative depth between pairs of random points. We also propose a new algorithm that learns to estimate metric depth using annotations of relative depth. Compared to the state of the art, our algorithm is simpler and performs better. Experiments show that our algorithm, combined with existing RGB-D data and our new relative depth annotations, significantly improves single-image depth perception in the wild.
Synergistic Phytotoxicities of Herbicide-Insecticide Combinations in Soil (1968)

Combinations of 3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-l,l-dimethylurea (diuron) with O,O -diethyl S -2-(ethylthio)-ethyl phosphorodithioate (disulfoton) or O,O -diethyl S -(ethylthiomethyl) phosphorodithioate (phorate) in soil resulted in synergistic phytotoxicities. These synergistic phytotoxicities persisted 21 to 27 weeks in alternately fallow-cropped soils treated with 0 to 12 ppm disulfoton or phorate and 0 to 1.0 ppm diuron where oats ( Avena sativa L., var. Mark-ton) was the bioassay plant, and persisted 5 to 15 weeks in alternately fallow-cropped soils treated with 0 to 12 ppm disulfoton or phorate and 0 to 1.33 ppm diuron where corn ( Zea mays L., var. US 13) was the bioassay plant. The persistence of the combined pesticides corresponded closely with persistence of the individual pesticides. Corn and cotton ( Gossypium hirsutum L., var. Acala 4-42) were more tolerant than was oats to diuron and diuron-insecticide combinations.
Yeast KRE2 defines a new gene family encoding probable secretory proteins, and is required for the correct N-glycosylation of proteins. (1992)

We have cloned, sequenced and disrupted the KRE2 gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, identified by killer-resistant mutants with a defective cell wall receptor for the toxin. The KRE2 gene is close to PHO8 on chromosome 4, and encodes a predicted 49-kD protein, Kre2p, that probably enters the secretory pathway. Haploid cells carrying a disruption of the KRE2 locus grow more slowly than wild-type cells at 30 degrees, and fail to grow at 37 degrees. At 30 degrees, kre2 mutants showed altered N-linked glycosylation of proteins, as the average size of N-linked outer chains was reduced. We identified two other genes, YUR1 on chromosome 10, and KTR1 on chromosome 15, whose predicted products share 36% identity with Kre2p over more than 300 amino acid residues. Yur1p has an N-terminal signal sequence like Kre2p, while Ktr1p has a predicted topology consistent with a type 2 membrane protein. In all cases the conserved regions of these proteins appear to be on the lumenal side of secretory compartments, suggesting related function. KRE2, KTR1 and YUR1 define a new yeast gene family.