gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
One-Step Chemical Vapor Deposition Synthesis of Hierarchical Ni and N Co-Doped Carbon Nanosheet/Nanotube Hybrids for Efficient Electrochemical CO2 Reduction at Commercially Viable Current Densities (2021)

Carbon catalysts with metal and nitrogen dopants hold significant promises for an electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR). However, the fabrication of these carbon catalysts normally requires an energy-intensive synthesis process. Traditionally, 2D graphene and 1D carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are the most widely used carbon supports, but graphene tends to aggregate and CNTs suffer from low density of active sites on the surface. In this work, we developed a 3D hybrid carbon nanosheet/nanotube catalyst with nickel (Ni) and nitrogen (N) co-doped active sites for the CO2RR by a one-step chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method. Both single atomic sites and nanoparticles of Ni were observed on the hybrids, but the Ni nanoparticles were encapsulated by graphitic carbon layers during the CVD process, and as a result, the competing hydrogen evolution reaction was suppressed and high CO selectivity was achieved. The as-prepared catalyst with 20 min CVD delivered a stable CO Faradaic efficiency of 91% with a partial current density of 28.9 mA/cm2 at −0.74 V in an H-cell setup. The same catalyst achieved a commercially viable current density of 600 mA/cm2 in a flow cell with CO selectivity above 85%, at an applied voltage of −2.0 V vs reversible hydrogen electrode without iR compensation. To the best of our knowledge, these results are among the best performances in the literature in terms of both current density and CO selectivity for the CO2RR by carbon-based catalysts. Furthermore, catalysts developed in this work are synthesized at a moderate temperature without any acid/oxidant pretreatment or post-washing. The energy-efficient and environmentally benign synthesis and the significantly high performance of catalysts are essential to future large-scale CO2RR applications.
Differential exposure biomarker levels among cigarette smokers and smokeless tobacco consumers in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999–2008 (2011)

Assessment of biomarkers is an appropriate way to estimate exposure to cigarette mainstream smoke and smokeless tobacco (SLT) constituents in tobacco consumers. Using the US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES, 1999-2008), biomarkers of volatile organic compounds, halogenated aromatic hydrocarbons (HAHs), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), acrylamide, 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK), and metals were evaluated. In general, biomarker levels in SLT consumers were significantly lower than in smokers (excluding NNK and some HAHs) and were not significantly different compared with nonconsumers (excluding NNK and some PAHs). These results provide useful information for science-based risk assessment and regulation of tobacco products.
Association of prolonged symptom duration with poor outcomes in lumbar spine surgery: a Michigan Spine Surgery Improvement Collaborative study (2023)

A symptom duration of ≥ 1 year was associated with poorer outcomes on several outcome metrics. This suggests that timely referral and surgery for degenerative lumbar pathology may optimize patient outcome.
Innate Th2-type immune responses and the natural helper cell, a newly identified lymphocyte population (2011)

Newly identified cells responsive to IL-25 and/or IL-33 include natural helper cells, MPP, nuocytes and innate helper type 2 cells. These cells produce large amounts of Th2 cytokines, most notably IL-5 and IL-13, leading to eosinophilia and goblet cell hyperplasia and are critical for antihelminth reactions. IL-5 and IL-13 also play a role in pathophysiology of allergic diseases such as asthma and allergic diarrhea. There are similarities and differences between these newly identified cell populations. MPP cells can potentially differentiate to other myeloid cells, making this cell type distinct from the others. Natural helper cells constitutively produce Th2 cytokines, support the self-renewal of B1 cells and enhance IgA production. Unlike other innate Th2 producers, natural helper cells are present in fat-associated lymphoid clusters and likely play additional roles in the regulation of homeostasis in adipose tissues.
On the steering control of automated vehicles (2002)

Path tracking control of car-like wheeled vehicles is considered. In a planar motion, the equations governing the behaviour of a vehicle express the dynamics of the lateral and yaw motion velocities and the two tracking errors, the offset and the heading error from a prespecified path. With an appropriate feedback of the two errors the path tracking behaviour of the vehicle can be guaranteed. In this paper it is shown that it is possible, as well as correction of the path tracking errors, to improve the ride comfort in a passenger vehicle with the feedback of the errors without the necessity for yaw motion feedback.
Adaptive voltage source for avalanche photodiodes (2009)

The paper deals with an adaptive high-voltage source for avalanche photodiodes. Usually, the photodiode operating point is set in open loop by a temperature dependent voltage source that compensates for the change of photodiode parameters. The proposed method is based on continuous monitoring of the diode gain by means of an optical pilot signal. Analysis of design constraints for Free-Space Optical application is presented.
Current status and future perspectives for localizing the solar photovoltaic industry in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (2020)

Abstract Saudi Arabia has developed Saudi Vision 2030, an ambitious plan to reduce the country’s dependence on oil by supporting promising private energy organizations and by developing opportunities that contributes to the national economy. In the manufacturing sector, the government is encouraging technology transfers in the renewable energy industries. It is expected to result in the localization of significant parts of the renewable energy value chain in Saudi Arabia. Solar energy systems are proven renewable energy source globally and domestically, it has its long and vast share of experience, from operations and maintenance, to solar data monitoring and gathering. Wide areas had been identified, where this technology can be highly installed and integrated. Components can be manufactured from locally available raw materials to achieve the final products. This study analyzed the key elements of the value chain for producing crystalline silicon solar photovoltaic systems. This paper presents recommendations for localizing this industry in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia to align with the goals of Saudi Vision 2030. Although these recommendations are based on the environmental conditions of Saudi Arabia, such are also highly relevant for further application to other countries in the Middle East and North Africa region, where widespread energy transitions from fossil fuels to renewable resources are already taking place.
Causes of Reproductive Failure in Two Family Groups of Wolves (Canis lupus) (1985)

Abstract and Summary To examine the selective pressures influencing evolution of the nuclear family social system in canids, it is important to determine the behavioral and physiological reasons why some adults do not reproduce within a pack. Two captive wolf packs were studied during two breeding seasons. Physiological suppression of gonadal cycles was not a cause of reproductive failure of adults: ovulation occurred in five adult females that did not reproduce, and seasonal cycles of testicular development and testosterone secretion occurred in four non‐reproduc‐tive males. Reproduction in females was blocked (10 out of 12 cases) at the following stages of the oestrus cycle: pro‐oestrus (2 juveniles), ovulation (1 yearling), copulation (2 adults), met‐oestrus (1 adult and 2 yearlings), and postparturition (1 juvenile and 1 yearling). Males (7 out of 11 cases) failed to reproduce for the following reasons: immaturity (1 juvenile), no copulation (4 adults), infertility (1 adult), and possibly female immaturity (1 yearling). Thus individuals appear physiologically capable of reproduction although they may not reproduce in a social environment with high sexual competition. Following a change in social structure within each pack (deaths of the father in one pack and the mother in the other pack), offspring copulated with parents and with siblings. Thus, reproductive suppression in wolves is not caused by suppression of gonadal cycles. Offspring retain the readiness to breed given the opportunity. A complex set of factors inhibit behaviour of offspring in the presence of reproductive parents. Results of this study tentatively suggest that antagonistic relationships may have influenced the hormonal basis for sexual attractivity of females, for copulatory behaviour of males, and for age of first ovulation. Zusammenfassung Warum pflanzen sich viele adulte Wölfe im Rudel nicht fort? In zwei Rudeln brach das Fortpfianzungsverhalten von Weibchen in 10 bis 12 Fällen an folgenden Stellen ab: im Pro–Östrus (2 Junge, 10 Monate), zur Ovulation (1 Einjähriges), zur Paarung (2 Erwachsene), im Met–Östrus (1 Erwachsenes, 2 Einjährige), nach der Geburt (1 Erwachsenes und 1 Einjähriges). Männliche Wölfe (7 von10 Fällen)versagten aus den folgenden Gründen: Unreife (1 Junger)., keine Paarung (4 Erwachsene), Unfruchtbarkeit (1 Erwachsener) und möglicherweise weibliche Unreife (1 Einjähriger). Nach einer Veränderung der Sozialstruktur beider Wolfsrudel (Tod des Vaters im einen Rudel und der Mutter im anderen) paarten sich Nachkommen mit den Eltern und Geschwistern. Unterdrückung der Vermehrung bei Wölfen wird also nicht durch die Unterdrückung der Gonadenreife hervorgerufen. Jüngere Tiere sind fortpflanzungsbereit, sobald sich Gelegenheit dazu ergibt. Ein Komplex von Faktoren hemmt das Verhalten der Nachkommenschaft eines Wolfsrudels in Anwesenheit der Eltern. Antagonistische Wirkungen scheinen die Hormonbasis für die sexuelle Attraktivität der Weibchen, das Paarungsverhalten der Männchen und das Alter der ersten Ovulation zu beeinflussen.
Kinetics of Hydrolysis of N-Methyl-2,4-dithiophenobarbital (2015)

The rate of hydrolytic degradation of N-methyl-2,4-dithiophenobarbital by spectrophotometric and separation methods was studied. The rate constants, order of reaction, activation energy, and pKa values were calculated based on the measurements of absorbance in the UV range. The changes in the absorbance values ??over time for solutions of different pH were analysed. Based on the obtained results, it was found that the hydrolysis of N-methyl-2,4-dithiophenobarbital followed the kinetics of a pseudo-first order reaction. Plots illustrating dependences, log k, and pH indicate the catalytic effect of OH– ions on the occurring process. The results show that in an alkaline environment the pyrimidine ring undergoes cleavage in the 1–6 position, and gradual desulfurization. The obtained results were compared with data for phenobarbital, 2-thiophenobarbital, and 2,4-dithiophenobarbital. It can be concluded that the change of an oxygen atom to a sulfur atom in the ring of a barbituric acid derivative causes an easier decomposition of the compound. However, the insertion of a methyl group on the nitrogen atom increases the durability of the compound.
Actions de prévention bucco-dentaire à l’hôpital Albert Chenevier : journée « portes ouvertes » pour les écoles (2016)

Position du problème : Le service d’odontologie de l’hôpital Albert Chenevier de Créteil organise chaque année, depuis 1994, avec le service prévention santé du Centre communal d’action sociale de Créteil (CCAS) une journée « portes ouvertes » destinée aux enfants des classes de CE1. Cette action s’inscrit dans un programme de prévention qui a pour mission de diminuer la forte prévalence carieuse chez les enfants âgés de six à sept ans et en particulier, ceux issus de populations défavorisées ou en situation de handicap. Cet article établit un bilan sur les trois dernières années. Méthodes : Les écoles Allezard et Beauvin, ainsi que les Instituts médico-éducatifs (IME) Leloup et La Nichée bénéficient de ce programme qui comporte un volet prévention nécessaire à l’apprentissage d’une bonne hygiène bucco-dentaire et un volet dépistage permettant une évaluation de l’état bucco-dentaire de chaque enfant. Le CCAS fournit les brosses à dents, dentifrices et plateaux d’examens jetables. Le service d’odontologie met à disposition les locaux, le personnel et le matériel d’hygiène nécessaires. Résultats : Quels que soient l’année et l’établissement, environ 50 % des enfants dépistés présentent au moins une carie en bouche. Le recours aux soins diminue entre 2011 et 2013 pour les écoles Allezard et Beauvin. Il est de 100 % en 2011 et 2012 pour les IME et quasiment nul pour les classes spécialisées de l’école Beauvin qui accueille des enfants en situation de handicap. L’hygiène bucco-dentaire diminue d’année en année pour ces classes spécialisées ainsi que pour les IME. Pour l’école Allezard, environ 20 % des enfants présentent une bonne hygiène bucco-dentaire. Conclusion : L’effet des actions d’éducation à la santé peut être amélioré et pérennisé en impliquant l’entourage de l’enfant. Il faudrait pouvoir les développer car il s’agit d’un travail collectif où chacun a son rôle à jouer : élèves, parents, éducateurs, enseignants, directeurs d’école et soignants doivent être impliqués pour que l’hygiène continue à s’améliorer, et pour tenter d’enrayer le renoncement aux soins. Ainsi, cette action de prévention reste nécessaire et l’information doit être répétée.
Aberrant Ferroportin 1 Regulation and Iron Homeostasis Interferes with Development of the Spleen Stroma during Murine Embryogenesis. (2004)

Abstract We have previously identified a regulatory mutation in the ferroportin 1 (Fpn1) locus in polycythaemia (Pcm) mutant mice, leading to transient iron overload and polycythemia during postnatal development. A 58-base pair deletion within the Fpn1 promoter region caused aberrant transcription initiation and resulted in the absence of the iron-responsive element in the 5′ untranslated region of the vast majority of Fpn1 transcripts, thereby disrupting translational regulation of Fpn1 expression. Interestingly, at birth Pcm mutant pups were remarkable for severe iron deficiency and a hypochromic, microcytic anemia. Here, we demonstrate that decreased placental syncytiotrophoblast expression of Fpn1 protein governs decreased embryonic iron levels during late gestation, implicating Fpn1 in maternal-to-fetal iron transport in the placenta. The decreased placental expression of Fpn1 protein appeared to be regulated at the transcriptional level. In striking contrast, increased Fpn1 protein was observed in the embryonic spleen during late gestation, mediated by a post-transcriptional mechanism. This correlated with a significant increase in apoptotic cell death of spleen stromal cells, culminating in a progressive regression of the spleen during late embryogenesis, more severe in Pcm homozygotes. Importantly, Pcm describes a phase in spleen development subsequent to that affected in mutant alleles of the transcription factors Wt1, Hox11, Bapx1, and capsulin. During postnatal development, whereas Pcm heterozygotes retain a significant amount of spleen tissue, Pcm homozygotes display only a spleen rudiment, and are likely to be functionally asplenic throughout postnatal life. Phenylhydrazine treatment of Pcm heterozygotes during early postnatal development demonstrated a reduced functional capacity for erythroid hyperplasia in the spleen. Despite the significantly reduced organ size, splenic white pulp follicles appear to form normally in both Pcm heterozygotes and homozygotes. However, severe abnormalities of the red pulp sinusoidal endothelial are observed in mutant spleens using markers specific for endothelial cell subpopulations. Therefore, the Pcm mutation represents a novel murine model for disrupted splenogenesis that is due to aberrant tissue-specific regulation of the iron transporter Fpn1 during embryonic development.
Lipopolysaccharide (endotoxin) primes neutrophils for enhanced release of superoxide: possible mechanism and inhibitory effect by anti-CD14mAb. (1994)

Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) primes human neutro-phils for enhanced O-2 production in response to stimulation by fMet-Leu-Phe. Serum factor is essential for priming at lower concentrations of LPS. This priming is dose and time dependent. Monoclonal antibody against CD14 (LPS-LPS binding protein complexes bind the antigen on the surface of neutrophils) inhibits all these actions of the LPS-serum complex. Neutralizing antibody against TNF-alpha does not inhibit priming of O-2 Production by LPS and serum treatment.On the other hand, this antibody inhibits the priming by the direct addition of TNF-α.In addition, the LPS-serum complex potentiates the fMet-Leu-Phe-induced stimulation of phospholipase D as evident by the release of phosphatidic acid. Furthermore, in the absence of a second stimulus, the LPS-serum complex but not TNF-α causes the increase in the amount of G12 protein associated with the membrane.
Triglyceride containing lipid droplets and lipid droplet-associated proteins (2008)

Recent studies have identified a number of key proteins that are involved in the formation and turnover of lipid droplets, and SNAP23 has been identified as a link between accumulation of lipid droplets and development of insulin resistance. Further understanding of lipid droplet biology could indicate potential therapeutic targets to prevent accumulation of lipid droplets and associated complications.
Cannabidiolic‐acid synthase, the chemotype‐determining enzyme in the fiber‐type Cannabis sativa (2007)

Cannabidiolic-acid (CBDA) synthase is the enzyme that catalyzes oxidative cyclization of cannabigerolic-acid into CBDA, the dominant cannabinoid constituent of the fiber-type Cannabis sativa. We cloned a novel cDNA encoding CBDA synthase by reverse transcription and polymerase chain reactions with degenerate and gene-specific primers. Biochemical characterization of the recombinant enzyme demonstrated that CBDA synthase is a covalently flavinylated oxidase. The structural and functional properties of CBDA synthase are quite similar to those of tetrahydrocannabinolic-acid (THCA) synthase, which is responsible for the biosynthesis of THCA, the major cannabinoid in drug-type Cannabis plants.
Cerebral Disconnection in Multiple Sclerosis (1989)

Left ear suppression to dichotically presented verbal stimuli has been observed in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). Rubens and coworkers have suggested that a disconnection of the auditory callosal pathways may account for this finding. To examine this proposal, we compared the performance of 28 MS patients with significant corpus callosum atrophy (CCA) on midsagittal magnetic resonance scans, 16 MS patients without significant CCA, and 64 demographically matched normal control subjects on two laterality tasks: verbal dichotic listening (consonant-vowel syllables) and tachistiscopic object-naming latency. Results indicated that left ear suppression was found only in the MS patients with CCA. Likewise, patients in the MS group with CCA were slow in responding to stimuli presented in the left visual field; this effect was not observed in patients without CCA. These findings support the hypothesis that efficiency of cross-callosal information flow is reduced in MS patients with CCA.
Somatic mutations of PTEN in glioblastoma multiforme. (1997)

Alterations of the PTEN gene occur in glioblastoma multiforme. To determine the frequency of PTEN alteration, 34 consecutive glioblastomas were studied in detail. Sequencing each of the nine exons amplified from tumor DNA revealed 11 mutations. Analysis of polymorphic markers within and surrounding the PTEN gene identified an additional four homozygous deletion mutations. Loss of heterozygosity (LOH) was observed in 25 of 34 (74%) cases. All mutations occurred in the presence of LOH. PTEN was mutated in 44% (15 of 34) of all glioblastomas studied and 60% (15 of 25) of tumors with LOH on 10q. Thus, PTEN appears to be the major target of inactivation on chromosome 10q in glioblastoma multiforme.
ChemInform Abstract: Tridurylboranes (VI) Extended by Three Arylethynyl Groups as a New Family of Boron‐Based π‐Electron Systems. (2001)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
The Biomechanical Performance of the Latest All‐Inside Meniscal Repair Devices (2020)

Some newly introduced all-inside meniscal repair devices show inferior failure strength compared with earlier versions that might adversely impact clinical outcomes.
An Engineered R-Type Pyocin Is a Highly Specific and Sensitive Bactericidal Agent for the Food-Borne Pathogen Escherichia coli O157:H7 (2009)

Some strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa produce R-type pyocins, which are high-molecular-weight phage tail-like protein complexes that have bactericidal activity against other Pseudomonas strains. These particles recognize and bind to bacterial surface structures via tail fibers, their primary spectrum determinant. R-type pyocins kill the cell by contracting a sheath-like structure and inserting their hollow core through the cell envelope, resulting in dissipation of the cellular membrane potential. We have retargeted an R-type pyocin to Escherichia coli O157:H7 by fusing a tail spike protein from an O157-specific phage, phiV10, to the pyocin tail fiber. The phiV10 tail spike protein recognizes and degrades the O157 lipopolysaccharide. This engineered pyocin, termed AVR2-V10, is sensitive and specific, killing 100% of diverse E. coli O157:H7 isolates but no other serotypes tested. AVR2-V10 can kill E. coli O157:H7 on beef surfaces, making it a candidate agent for the elimination of this pathogen from food products. All rare AVR2-V10-resistant mutants isolated and examined have lost the ability to produce the O157 antigen and are expected to have compromised virulence. In addition, E. coli O157:H7 exposed to and killed by AVR2-V10 do not release Shiga toxin, as is often the case with many antibiotics, suggesting potential therapeutic applications. The demonstration that a novel R-type pyocin can be created in the laboratory by fusing a catalytic tail spike from the family Podoviridae to a tail fiber of a member of the family Myoviridae is evidence that the plasticity observed among bacteriophage tail genes can, with modern molecular techniques, be exploited to produce nonnatural, targeted antimicrobial agents.
Isocarbonyl complexes of divalent samarium and ytterbium. The molecular structures of [{Ln(TptBu,Me)(THF)(μ-CO)2Mo(η-C5H4Me)(CO)}2] (Ln = Sm, Yb) (1998)

The reaction of [Ln(TptBu,Me)I(THF)] (1a Ln = Sm, 1b Ln = Yb) with Na[Mo(η-C5H4Me)(CO)3] gives good yields of [{Ln(TptBu,Me)(THF)(µ-CO)2Mo(η-C5H4Me)(CO)3}2], 2a (Ln = Sm), 2b (Ln = Yb). The low temperature X-ray crystal structures of 2a and 2b have been determined. The structures contain a 12-membered ring of samarium/ytterbium and molybdenum atoms with isocarbonyl groups linking the metal centres. 2a represents the first example of an isocarbonyl bound to samarium(II). Addition of pyridine results in the breakup of the tetramer to give [{Ln(TptBu,Me)(py)n(µ-CO)Mo(η-C5H4Me)(CO)2}2].