gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Spectral Radius Based Evaluation Function for Automatic Focusing (2019)

Curves generated by traditional evaluating functions contain large amount of local extremums, easily leading to focal-plane misjudgments. We propose a new clarity evaluation method based on spectral radius. The spatial information is converted into frequency domain by Discrete Cosine Transformation, then a sector that contains more than 99 percent of the total spectrum energy is extracted, and the radius of this sector is employed to estimate the degree of clarity of current image. Since the scope of spectral radius is steady and limited to image size, it provides effective reference for selection of lower limit of spectral radius which is utilized to avoid local fluctuation and maintain the unimodality of evaluation curves. The experimental results demonstrate that the spectral radius based evaluation method forms curves with fewer local extremums and better robustness.
Emetine resistance of Chinese hamster cells: structures of wild-type and mutant ribosomal protein S14 mRNAs. (1985)

The Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell 40S ribosomal subunit protein S14 provides a unique opportunity to investigate an important mammalian housekeeping gene and its mRNA and protein products. The S14 gene appears to be single copy, and CHO cell S14 mutants have been isolated as emetine-resistant (emtB) clones in tissue culture. Thus, S14 is the only mammalian ribosomal protein whose gene structure and function are amenable to straightforward genetic and biochemical analysis. Recently, we isolated a wild-type Chinese hamster lung cell cDNA clone, pCS14-1, including an almost complete copy of the ribosomal protein S14 message (N. Nakamichi, D. D. Rhoads, and D. J. Roufa, J. Biol. Chem. 258: 13236-13242, 1983). Here we describe comparable cDNAs from wild-type and emtB CHO cells. We report both mRNA and polypeptide sequences of the wild-type and mutant ribosomal protein transcripts. As a consequence of the genetic methods used to obtain our emetine-resistant mutants, the emtB S14 cDNAs differ from wild-type cDNA by single-base changes. Physical and chemical features of polypeptides encoded by the cDNAs are consistent with well-characterized S14 protein polymorphisms. The three emtB mutations analyzed affect two adjacent arginine codons within the very basic S14 carboxyl region, indicating a significant role for this portion of the protein in the function and architecture of the mammalian 40S ribosomal subunit.
Small Signal Modeling and Control Design for New Extended Duty Ratio, Interleaved Multiphase Synchronous Buck Converter (2006)

This paper presents large signal and small signal average models and a control structure for a new extended duty ratio, multiphase, synchronous buck converter. This recently introduced topology produces an increase in duty ratio by a factor 2 and a significant reduction in output current ripple. An intrinsic current balancing mechanism, a new overlapping steady state mode of operation, and an improved interleaving pattern are examined in this paper. The proposed modeling and control design methodologies are applied to a 12 V-1.2 V/40 A, 400 kHz, four-phase prototype
Gravimetric Method for Determining Stage of an Obligate Internally Feeding Stored-Product Insect Pest, the Cowpea Weevil (2006)

We conducted two experiments to develop a gravimetric method for determining the stadia of Callosobruchus maculatus developing in cowpeas. An important step was to develop regression equations for predicting weight changes in uninfested cowpeas to correct for changes that occur in weight as a result of changing environmental conditions, such as temperature, relative humidity, and barometric pressure. This was vital because we needed to have a way of determining weight changes in infested peas that were caused by the insects developing within them; even the weight of uninfested peas changed over the course of the experiments. The observed weight of each infested pea was corrected based on the proportion weight change in uninfested peas each time weighing was done to get an estimate of the cumulative change in weight caused by the presence of the insect. For each infested pea, cumulative change in weight was plotted against time, and plots were analyzed to determine whether a pattern existed that could be used to consistently distinguish stadia. In the second experiment we used an ultrasonic detector to validate results from the gravimetric method. We found that the gravimetric method provided accurate information on duration of the egg, larval, and pupal stages of C. maculatus; however, the gravimetric method could not reliably distinguish the four larval stages of C. maculatus. Our paper also discusses practical applications of the gravimetric method for determining the stadia of internally feeding insects in the context of the current and previous research.
Improving wireless simulation through noise modeling (2007)

We propose modeling environmental noise in order to efficiently and accurately simulate wireless packet delivery. We measure noise traces in many different environments and propose three algorithms to simulate noise from these traces. We evaluate applying these algorithms to signal-to-noise curves in comparison to existing simulation approaches used in EmStar, TOSSIM, and ns2. We measure simulation accuracy using the Kantorovich-Wasserstein distance on conditional packet delivery functions. We demonstrate that using a closest-fit pattern matching (CPM) noise model can capture complex temporal dynamics which existing approaches do not, increasing packet simulation fidelity by a factor of 2 for good links, a factor of 1.5 for bad links, and a factor of 5 for intermediate links. As our models are derived from real-world traces, they can be generated for many different environments.
Surface-Micromachined Parylene Dual Valves for On-Chip Unpowered Microflow Regulation (2007)

This paper presents the world's first surface-micromachined parylene dual-valved microfluidic system for on-chip unpowered microflow regulation. Incorporating a normally closed and a normally open passive check valve in a back-to-back configuration inside a microchannel, the dual-valved system has successfully regulated the pressure/flow rate of air and liquid without power consumption or electronic/magnetic/thermal transduction. By exclusively using parylene C (poly-para-xylylene C) as the structural material, the fabricated valves have higher flexibility to shunt flows in comparison to other conventional thin-film valves. A state-of-the-art multilayer polymer surface-micromachining technology is applied here to fabricate parylene microvalves of various designs. The parylene-based devices are completely biocompatible/implantable and provide an economical paradigm for fluidic control in integrated lab-on-a-chip systems. Design, fabrication, and characterization of the parylene dual valves are discussed in this paper. Testing results have successfully demonstrated that the microflow regulation of the on-chip dual-valved system can achieve a bandpass profile in which the pressure control range is 0-50 mmHg with corresponding flow rates up to 2 mL/min for air flow and 1 muL/min flow rate for water flow. This regulation range is suitable for controlling biological conditions in human health care, with potential applications including drug delivery and regulation of elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) in glaucoma patients
Asymptotically efficient adaptive allocation schemes for controlled i.i.d. processes: finite parameter space (1989)

The authors consider a controlled i.i.d. (independently identically distributed) process whose distribution is parametrized by an unknown parameter theta belonging to some known parameter space Theta , and a one-step reward associated with each pair of control and the following state of the process. The objective is to maximize the expected value of the sum of one-step rewards over an infinite horizon. By introducing the loss associated with a control scheme, it is shown that the problem is equivalent to minimizing this loss. Uniformly good adaptive control schemes are defined and emphasized. A lower bound on the loss associated with any uniformly good control scheme is developed. Finally, an adaptive control scheme is constructed whose loss equals the lower bound, and is therefore asymptotically efficient.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
A Rapid Microwave-Assisted Solvothermal Approach to Lower-Valent Transition Metal Oxides (2013)

A green, rapid microwave-assisted solvothermal process using tetraethylene glycol (TEG) as a reducing agent has been explored as a soft-chemistry route for the preparation of various lower-valent transition metal oxides. To demonstrate the feasibility of the approach, lower-valent binary oxides such as V4O9, Mn3O4 or MnO, CoO, and Cu2O have been obtained within a short reaction time of 30 min by reducing, respectively, V2O5, MnO2, Co3O4, and CuO with TEG at <300 °C. Moreover, the approach has been used to extract oxygen from ternary oxides such as LaFeO3, SrMnO3, LaCoO3, LaNiO3, and La4Ni3O10. The oxidation state of the transition metal ions and the oxygen content in these ternary oxides could be tuned by precisely controlling the reaction temperatures from 160 to 300 °C. The products have been characterized by X-ray powder diffraction and iodometric titration. The versatility of this novel technique is demonstrated by the facile synthesis of V4O9, which has only been produced recently in single-phase form.
A T-Coil-Enhanced 8.5Gb/s High-Swing source-Series-Terminated Transmitter in 65nm Bulk CMOS (2008)

Source-series-terminated (SST) drivers offer the advantage of providing a large range of termination voltages, making them particularly suitable for multi-standard I/Os. Many standards however, call for larger vertical eye openings that require raising the dc supply voltage from the 1.0 V limit for thin-oxide devices(FETs) in 65 nm technology to 1.2 or 1.5 V. These requirements are addressed in the proposed SST transmitter design by combining a thin-oxide pre-driver stage running at 1.0 V followed by thick-oxide output stages operated at 1.5 V. Key features of this design include the implementation of tri-statable output slices consisting of programmable binary-weighted pre-distortion slices to achieve a mutually independent adjustment of the impedance tuning and FIR-based transmitter equalization, the level shifter design and the application of T-coils that enable a broad-band impedance matching with a return loss of -16 dB over 10 GHz bandwidth. Moreover, the transmitter is capable to suppress the clock duty-cycle distortion by a factor of 5x.
Local surface plasmon resonance of gold nanoparticles as a correlative light and electron microscopy (CLEM) tag for biological samples (2019)

In this study, we investigated use of local surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) of metal nanoparticles (NPs) as a correlative light and electron microscopy (CLEM) tag for biological samples. Gold NPs in ultra-thin sections for TEM revealed that LSPR could be observed by optical microscopy at sizes of 20 nm or larger. Gold NPs at sizes less than 20 nm could be observed using the gold enhancement method. Therefore, this CLEM tag could be applied to immunoelectron microscopy using this gold enhancement method.
Fundamental Investigation of Inkjet Deposition and Physical Immobilization of Horseradish Peroxidase on Cellulosic Substrates (2011)

In this study, novel bio-inks formulated with horseradish peroxidase, HRP, and some additives were successfully developed for piezoelectric inkjet application. The optimized bio-ink formulation had a reliable jetting performance and maintained the biofunctionality before and after printing. The bio-ink also demonstrated a good storage life for up to 40 days at 4 oC with a negligible loss of biofunctionality. However, it was observed that some additives used in the bio-ink for obtaining necessary operational characteristics had detrimental effects on the enzyme activity. Especially, it was found that various viscosity modifiers typically used in commercial inkjet inks significantly impaired HRP activity prior to printing. Sodium Carboxymethyl Cellulose was shown to be an effective viscosity modifier that had no adverse effect on the biological activity of the HRP enzyme.\n\nUsing a confocal scanning fluorescent microscope, a method for characterizing the spatial distribution of the active enzyme within the cellulosic paper substrates after inkjet printing was developed. Interestingly, it was found that the active printed HRP enzyme was mostly located in the cell walls of the cellulosic fibers instead of near the pigments or fillers. \n\nIn an effort to better understand the fundamental interactions between the enzyme and the immobilization substrates, HRP adsorption isotherms on various substrate surfaces were obtained using the depletion method. The substrates included not only pulp fibers with varying degree of hydrophobicity and pigment and latex (the key materials used in papermaking), but also other types of cellulosic fibers of different morphologies, crystallinities, porosities, or surface charge densities. The influence on enzyme adsorption and inactivation behaviour of these substrates was compared with that of polystyrene beads (dialysed), which has been well studied in the literature. Results from this thesis indicated that hydrophobic interactions between the enzyme and the substrate surfaces had a major impact on the HRP adsorption behavior, while electrostatic interactions played a minor role. However, strong hydrophobic interactions could lead to enzyme inactivation. Research findings from this study suggested that cellulosic pulp fibers could be tailor-made into excellent enzyme immobilization supports by using existing fiber surface modification techniques.
Microbial Synthesis of Poly((R)-3-hydroxybutyrate-co- 3-hydroxypropionate) from Unrelated Carbon Sources by Engineered Cupriavidus necator (2009)

Cupriavidus necator was engineered aiming to synthesize poly[(R)-3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxypropionate] copolyester, P(3HB-co-3HP), from structurally unrelated carbon sources without addition of any precursor compounds. We modified a metabolic pathway in C. necator for generation of 3-hydroxypropionyl-CoA (3HP-CoA) by introducing malonyl-CoA reductase and the 3HP-CoA synthetase domain of trifunctional propionyl-CoA synthase; both members of the 3-hydroxypropionate cycle, a novel CO(2)-fixation pathway in the green nonsulfur bacterium Chloroflexus aurantiacus . In this recombinant strain, 3HP-CoA was expected to be provided from acetyl-CoA via malonyl-CoA, and then copolymerized by the function of polyhydroxyalkanoate synthase along with (R)-3-hydroxybutyryl-CoA synthesized from two acetyl-CoA molecules. C. necator wild-type strains H16 and JMP134 harboring the two heterologous genes actually synthesized P(3HB-co-3HP) copolyester with 0.2-2.1 mol % of 3HP fraction from fructose or alkanoic acids of even carbon numbers. Enzyme assay suggested that lower activity of 3HP-CoA synthetase than that of malonyl-CoA reductase caused the limited incorporation of 3HP unit into the copolyesters synthesized by the recombinant strains. The present study demonstrates the potential of engineering metabolic pathways for production of copolyesters having favorable characteristics from inexpensive carbon resources.
Thermal conductivity of solid neon: An iterative analysis (1997)

In this paper, the thermal conductivity of neon is obtained by means of a recently proposed iterative solution of the phonon Boltzmann equation. The potential used for the calculation is an effective Lennard-Jones potential to include quantum effects. Good agreement with the experimental data is obtained.
Identification and Characterization of Gangliosides Reacting with IgM Paraproteins in Three Patients with Neuropathy Associated with Biclonal Gammopathy (1988)

Abstract: IgM monoclonal antibodies from three patients with polyneuropathy associated with biclonal gammopathy reacted with monosialoganglioside GM1 on thin‐layer chromatograms. An IgM paraprotein in one of the patients with a predominantly motor neuropathy also reacted strongly with the ganglioside GD1b and asialo‐GM1. All three of these antigenic lipids have a Gal(β1–3)GalNAc moiety in common which would appear to be the antigenic determinant. However, this IgM also cross‐reacted weakly with paragloboside which has an N ‐acetyllactosaminyl [Gal(β1–4)GlcNAc] terminal structure. The specificity of the other paraprotein in this patient is not known. The IgM paraproteins reacting with GM1 in both of the other patients exhibited different specificity because they did not react with GD1 b and asialo‐GM1, but reacted strongly with GM2 ganglioside. The data suggest that the epitope for both of these IgMs is in the GalNAc(β31–4)(NeuAcα2–3)Gal(β1–4)Glc region of the gangliosides that is common to both GM2 and GM1. The second IgM paraproteins in both of these latter patients react with the myelin‐associated glycoprotein (MAG) and two 3‐sulfoglucuronyl glycolipids that share antigenic determinants with MAG.
Algebraic Multigrid for Least Squares Problems on Graphs with Applications to HodgeRank (2017)

Least squares problems on graphs are a large subclass of numerical linear algebra problems that may arise from many different applications, e.g., ranking problems, distributed clock synchronization, ranking, and arbitrage detection. Solutions to these problems are very practical and as scalability becomes a prevalent issue, researchers are working to identify algorithms most appropriate to solve these least squares problem. A notable endeavor is the work of Hirani et al. [1] where they provide an analysis of a variety of solvers on problems generated by random graphs. One result the group found was that smoothed aggregation algebraic multigrid (SA-AMG) method was unfit for solving these problems. In this work we investigate the effectiveness of the unsmoothed aggregation AMG (UA-AMG) method and show it is more appropriate for graph-related problems due to its ability to maintain the structure of graphs in the multilevel hierarchy. We present an analysis of the two-level algorithms for solving graph Laplacians least squares problems showing that the convergence rate is not tied to the condition number of the matrix. We then apply UA-AMG as a preconditioner for conjugate gradient (CG) method to achieve better performance, providing experiments comparing against other iterative methods on a collection of larger random graphs and a collection of real world network topologies to demonstrate the effectiveness of UA-AMG methods for solving least squares problems on graphs.
Gender differences in repeat-year experience, clinical clerkship performance, and related examinations in Japanese medical students (2022)

While the number of female medical students is increasing in Japan, gender differences in medical school performance have not been studied extensively. This study aimed to compare gender differences in repeat-year experience, Clinical Clerkship (CC) performance, and related examinations in Japanese medical students. We retrospectively analyzed the number of repeat-year students and years to graduation for male and female medical students, and assessed gender differences in performance on computer-based testing (CBT) before CC, CC as evaluated by clinical teachers, the CC integrative test, and the graduation examination in 2018-2020 graduates from our medical school. Subgroup analyses excluding repeat-year students were also performed. From 2018 to 2020, 328 medical students graduated from our medical school. There were significantly fewer repeat-year female students compared to male students (P = .010), and the average number of years to graduate was significantly higher for male students than female students (P < .001). Female students showed higher scores and performance in all integrative tests and CC (P < .05, each). In analysis excluding repeat-year students, there were no significant gender difference in performance on the CBT, and CC integrative test, although female students significantly outperformed male students on the CC and graduation examination. Female medical students had a fewer number of repeat-years and performed better in the CC and graduation examination compared to their male counterparts.
Glycosylimidate, 10. Glycosylphosphate aus Glycosyl(trichloracetimidaten) (1984)

Abstract Die Glycosyl(trichloracetimidate) 1 ‐α,β, 8 ‐α 11 ‐αm 13 ‐α, 15 ‐α und 17 ‐α übertragen den Glycosylrest direkt auf Phosphorsäuremono‐ und ‐diester. Die Acidität der eingesetzten Phosphorsäurederivate war für die Aktivierung der Trichloracetimidate ausreichend, so daß kein zusätzlicher Katalysator erforderlich war. Dabei wurden aus dem β‐Imidat 1 ‐β α‐Glycosylphosphat und uas den α‐Imidaten bevorzugt β‐Glycosylphosphate erhalten. An der Umsetzung von Phosphorsäuredibenzylester ( 2a ) und Phosphorsäure‐cetylester ( 2c ) mit 1 ‐α wurde gezeigt, daß die β/α‐Anomerisierung durch Spuren Säure katalysiert wird. Die Glycosylphosphosphate 3a ‐α, 3a ‐β – 3c ‐β, 3f ‐α, 9a ‐β und 9c ‐β wurden teilweise oder ganz entschützt. Die Strukturen der synthetisierten Verbindungen wurden 1 H‐NMR‐spektroskopisch und durch Vergleich mit Literaturdaten gesichert.
Extensive immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome in Fingolimod-associated PML: a case report with 7 Tesla MRI data (2019)

Abstract Background Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) is a rare complication of patients treated with fingolimod. Case presentation Routine MRI eventually led to diagnosis of asymptomatic early PML that remained stable after discontinuation of fingolimod. As blood lymphocyte counts normalized, signs of immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) and renewed MS activity developed. Both, advanced laboratory and ultrahigh field MRI findings elucidated differences between PML and MS. Conclusions In our case, early discontinuation of fingolimod yielded a good outcome, lymphocyte counts reflected immune system activity, and paraclinical findings helped to differentiate between PML-IRIS and MS.
Dynamic optical breast imaging for neoadjuvant therapy monitoring (2013)

Near-infrared optical measurements have been shown to offer a promising non-invasive way for monitoring breast neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) and predicting outcome. In this study, we extend optical measurements to capture additional hemodynamic and metabolic biomarkers revealed by dynamically imaging breast tissue during fractional mammographic compression. We are obtaining pre-treatment, day 7 and optional monthly scans in breast cancer patients undergoing NAC. The difference in hemodynamic response to compression between healthy and tumor-bearing breast decreases over the course of neoadjuvant therapy in responders compared to nearly no change in patients not responding to the chemotherapy.
A simple scheme for transmit diversity using partial channel feedback (2002)

Previous work in wireless communications focuses on transmit diversity as a convenient means to obtain diversity gain where receivers have a limited number of antennas. Unlike at the receiver exploiting the diversity advantage from multiple transmitting antennas is difficult since channel knowledge is not readily available at the transmitter and because the signals arrive having been combined in space. To alleviate this problem we propose a simple scheme called partial phase combining (PPC) which uses partial knowledge about the relative phases of the channels to select the antenna phases. The proposed algorithm is useful in systems where the channel is correlated from frame to frame. Monte Carlo simulations are used to compare performance with other proposed transmit diversity systems.