gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Enantioselective and Enantiospecific Transition-Metal-Catalyzed Cross-Coupling Reactions of Organometallic Reagents To Construct C–C Bonds (2015)

The stereocontrolled construction of C−C bonds remains one of the foremost challenges in organic synthesis. At the heart of any chemical synthesis of a natural product or designed small molecule is the need to orchestrate a series of chemical reactions to prepare and functionalize a carbon framework. The advent of transition-metal catalysis has provided chemists with a broad range of new tools to forge C−C bonds and has resulted in a paradigm shift in synthetic strategy planning. The impact of these methods was recognized with the awarding of the 2010 Nobel Prize in Chemistry to Richard Heck, Ei-ichi Negishi, and Akira Suzuki for their seminal contributions to the development of Pd-catalyzed cross-coupling.
Imaging the Earth's Interior (1985)

Introduction to imaging Why time and space? Offset, another dimension The craft of wavefield extrapolation Some frontiers.
Laryngeal Neoplasia (2023)

No breed or sex predilection has been documented in small animals.Dogs from 2 to 12 years of age have been presented with laryngeal tumors.Oncocytoma can appear in younger mature animals (Pass et al. 1980;Saik et al. 1986).Most laryngeal tumors are locally invasive with a potential to metastasize.Oncocytoma is locally very aggressive and does not readily metastasize (Pass et al. 1980).Lymphoma and squamous cell carcinoma have been reported in cats (Saik et al. 1986;Withrow 2001).Benign polyps or inflammatory polyps have also been diagnosed in brachycephalic breeds. Clinical signsAnimals with laryngeal tumors are presented with dyspnea that does not improve with open-mouth breathing, respiratory stridor, exercise intolerance, dysphagia, and progressive voice change (Saik et al. 1986;Withrow 2001).Acute upper airway obstruction can occur with inflammation, edema, and accumulation of airway secretions in the trachea.A temporary tracheostomy might be required to bypass the upper airway and stabilize the patient while further diagnosis is conducted.
ChemInform Abstract: EINFACHE SYNTH. VON STABILEN TRIARYLMETHYLRADIKALEN (1970)

Abstract Triarylcarbanionen (II) werden in wäßriger Phase aus Triarylmethanderivaten (I) mit Alkali gebildet und nach Zugabe von wenig Dioxan langsam mit Kaliumpermanganat oxidiert.
SPECT/CT registration with the DCC and MC simulations for SPECT imaging (2005)

We want to perform the attenuation correction in the case of 3D attenuated ray transform with a parallel geometry. We suppose that the attenuation function is available but not registered with the data. We use the sum on each slice of the 2D data consistency conditions of the attenuated Radon transform to register the attenuation function with the data. We then correct for the attenuation using the Novikov formula. We show numerical experiments indicating the feasibility of the approach and propose a scheme including the diffusion correction for the registration of CT to SPECT for SPECT imaging improvement.
High photostability and enhanced fluorescence of gold nanoclusters by silver doping (2012)

Gold nanoclusters prepared with a controlled amount of Ag exhibit intense fluorescence with a quantum yield of ~16% and a "quasi-monoexponential" long lifetime of >200 ns. Characterization of the luminescent probes indicates high photostability and easy detection in cells. Additionally, fluorescence enhancement in the presence of proteins was found.
Cross-coupling and off-leveling errors in gravity measurements at sea (1966)

By digitally cross-multiplying 5- to 15-min traces representing the surge acceleration of the ship and the position of the gravity meter beam, 35 separate cross-coupling calculations were made under varying sea conditions. Similarly, 13 pitch and roll off-leveling errors were calculated. The cross-coupling errors ranged from about −27 mgal for a heavy bow sea (rms surge = 23.9 gals) to more than +12 mgal for a heavy following sea (rms surge = 26.1 gals). With an Anschütz gyrotable, the pitch off-leveling errors were all negative and with one exception less than 1 mgal. The roll off-leveling errors were all positive and less than 3 mgal. Methods of reducing or removing these errors include estimation of the errors, optimizing the meter orientation on the ship, continually rotating the meter, and computing aboard the ship the continuous cross-coupling and/or off-leveling errors. The last of these is considered to be more convenient and accurate than the others.
Comprehensive genetic testing for female and male infertility using next-generation sequencing (2018)

A single, comprehensive, NGS panel can simplify the ordering process for healthcare providers, reduce turnaround time, and lower the overall cost of testing for genetic assessment of infertility in females and males, while maintaining accuracy.
Efficacy of tramadol in treatment of chronic low back pain. (2000)

Among patients who tolerated it well, tramadol was effective for the treatment of chronic low back pain.
The influence of sweeteners in probiotic Petit Suisse cheese in concentrations equivalent to that of sucrose (2013)

As in the case of probiotic functional foods in recent years, demand has increased notably for light or diet foods with added sweeteners. However, little is known about the effect of different sweeteners on the microorganisms present. Thus, the objective of the current study was to establish the ideal sucrose concentration and equivalent concentrations of different sweeteners and to determine, by microbiological analyses, the influence of these compounds on the viability of the starter and probiotic cultures used in the production of strawberry-flavored Petit Suisse cheese during its shelf life. The ideal sucrose concentration was determined using the just-about-right (JAR) scale, and the equivalent concentrations of the sweeteners were subsequently determined by the magnitude estimation method. Microbiological analyses were also carried out to check the viability of the cultures during the product's shelf life. The results showed that the compounds Neotame (NutraSweet, Chicago, IL) and stevia presented, respectively, the greatest and least sweetening power of the sweeteners tested. None of the sweeteners used in this study exerted a negative effect on the viability of the starter or probiotic cultures, and thus we were able to obtain a probiotic, functional food with reduced calorie content.
Interlayer Coupling in Twisted WSe2/WS2 Bilayer Heterostructures Revealed by Optical Spectroscopy (2016)

van der Waals (vdW) heterostructures are promising building blocks for future ultrathin electronics. Fabricating vdW heterostructures by stamping monolayers at arbitrary angles provides an additional range of flexibility to tailor the resulting properties than could be expected by direct growth. Here, we report fabrication and comprehensive characterizations of WSe2/WS2 bilayer heterojunctions with various twist angles that were synthesized by artificially stacking monolayers of WS2 and WSe2 grown by chemical vapor deposition. After annealing the WSe2/WS2 bilayers, Raman spectroscopy reveals interlayer coupling with the appearance of a mode at 309.4 cm(-1) that is sensitive to the number of WSe2 layers. This interlayer coupling is associated with substantial quenching of the intralayer photoluminescence. In addition, microabsorption spectroscopy of WSe2/WS2 bilayers revealed spectral broadening and shifts as well as a net ∼10% enhancement in integrated absorption strength across the visible spectrum with respect to the sum of the individual monolayer spectra. The observed broadening of the WSe2 A exciton absorption band in the bilayers suggests fast charge separation between the layers, which was supported by direct femtosecond pump-probe spectroscopy. Density functional calculations of the band structures of the bilayers at different twist angles and interlayer distances found robust type II heterojunctions at all twist angles, and predicted variations in band gap for particular atomistic arrangements. Although interlayer excitons were indicated using femtosecond pump-probe spectroscopy, photoluminescence and absorption spectroscopies did not show any evidence of them, suggesting that the interlayer exciton transition is very weak. However, the interlayer coupling for the WSe2/WS2 bilayer heterojunctions indicated by substantial PL quenching, enhanced absorption, and rapid charge transfer was found to be insensitive to the relative twist angle, indicating that stamping provides a robust approach to realize reliable optoelectronics.
ChemInform Abstract: A Novel Synthesis of the 1β‐Methylcarbapenem Key Intermediate Employing the (2 + 2)Cycloaddition Reaction of Chlorosulfonyl Isocyanate with a 4H‐1,3‐Dioxin Derivative. (1990)

Abstract The unsaturated cyclic acetal (IV), derived from the hydroxy ester (I) and the aldehyde (II), undergoes cycloaddition reaction with chlorosulfonyl isocyanate (V), followed by reductive work‐up, forming mainly the fused β‐lactam (VI).
New Insights to Prevent Liver Fibrosis by Targeting YB-1 and Collagen Genes (2019)

Liver fibrosis leading to cirrhosis and cancer affects millions of people and causes thousands of deaths all over the world. Many signaling pathways could be targeted to block fibrosis but these are not successful. Reviewing recent literature and from our own studies we identified novel target, such as YB-1, which is implicated in inflammation, angiogenesis and accumulation of extracellular matrix (ECM). In addition we observed and showed that the end product of fibrosis, collagen gene, itself is a direct target for controlling fibrosis. We developed triplex-forming oligonucleotides which specifically form triplexes with the promoter of type I procollagen gene and effectively inhibited collagen accumulation and improved liver function. In this review we briefly described the potential of YB-1 and Collagen genes as excellent targets.
STATs Find That Hanging Together Can Be Stimulating (1996)

A report in this week's issue of Science by Xu et al . ( p. 794 ) shows that homodimers of various kinds of STATs (signal transducers and activators of transcription) bind to regulatory regions of the gene for the interferon-γ gene, each with a slightly different binding site. In their Perspective, Leung, Li, and Stark explain how these cooperating STAT dimers, which interact via their NH 2 terminals, can determine the specificity of the cytokine response.
Effects of active compression-decompression resuscitation on myocardial and cerebral blood flow in pigs. (1993)

We conclude that ACD CPR significantly increases myocardial and cerebral blood flow during cardiac arrest in the absence of vasopressor therapy compared with STD CPR:
Synthesis, properties and performances of electrodeposited bismuth telluride films (1996)

Bismuth telluride alloy films of uniform thickness have been successfully prepared by electrodeposition from a solution containing Bi3+ and HTeO2+ ions in 1 mol dm–3 nitric acid (pH = 0) on stainless steel. The electrodeposited films are monophasic and exhibit a polycrystalline structure (Rm). The film composition is dependent on the electrolyte composition and the current density. The electrical properties of the electrodeposited samples have been determined. The obtained films are n-type semiconductors with high carrier concentration.
Ultrabroadband wavelength-swept source based on total mode-locking of an Yb:CaF2 laser (2019)

We present an ultrabroadband, high-speed wavelength-swept source based on a self-modulated femtosecond oscillator. Photonic crystal fiber was pumped by a mode-locked Yb:CaF2 laser, resulting in a strong spectral broadening from 485 to 1800 nm. The pump laser cavity could be realigned in order to achieve total mode-locking of the longitudinal and transverse TEM00 and TEM01 electromagnetic modes. This led to spatial oscillations of the output beam, which induced modulation of the coupling efficiency to the fiber. Due to the fact that nonlinear spectral broadening was intensity dependent, this mechanism introduced wavelength sweeping at the fiber output. The sweeping rate could be adjusted between 7 and 21.5 MHz by changing the geometry of the pump cavity. By controlling the ratio of the transverse mode amplitudes, we were able to tune the sweeping bandwidth, eventually covering both the 1300 nm and 1700 nm bioimaging transparency windows. When compared with previously demonstrated wavelength-swept sources, our concept offers much broader tunability and higher speed. Moreover, it does not require an additional intensity modulator.
Silicon nitride assisted carbon nanotubes induced stacking faults and twins in aluminum alloy composite joint (2023)

The extensive heat input during welding can generally disrupt the meticulously crafted microstructure of the Al alloy substrate, leading to a marked decrease in the mechanical performance of the traditional joint. Here, we conducted a study of adding silicon nitride and CNTs to form Al composite joints, which not only compensated for the microstructural defects caused by welding, but also improved the tensile strength of the joints by 31%. Importantly, microstructural analysis reveals that there are twinning and SFs in both Al and Al4C3 phase. It was contributed to Al4C3 growth and the reduction in Al alloy SFs energy by CNTs. Moreover, the residual CNTs and Al4C3 phase in the composite joints refined the original precipitation phase network. This work is supposed to provide new insights into the strengthening of composite joints based on SFs and twins.
Models of space in a mixed-reality system (2004)

In this paper we discuss the use of models of space in the building of mixed-reality systems. By model of space we mean a geometric or symbolic description associated with a physical space. We outline several types of model that exist, how they are surveyed and authored, how they are represented to the users and how they are supported by middleware and sensors. We show that systems often contain numerous models of space and we discuss the issues in maintaining or reifying assumptions about transformations between models. We illustrate these ideas by describing the implementation of a collaborative mixed-reality system that allows users to experience a museum in three modalities: physically colocated visitor with personal digital assistant guide, virtual reality visitor and Web visitor.
Gaussian Half-Duplex Diamond Networks: Ratio of Capacity the Best Relay Can Achieve (2021)

This paper considers Gaussian half-duplex diamond n-relay networks, where a source communicates with a destination by hopping information through one layer of n non-communicating relays that operate in half-duplex. The main focus consists of investigating the following question: What is the contribution of a single relay on the approximate capacity of the entire network? In particular, approximate capacity refers to a quantity that approximates the Shannon capacity within an additive gap which only depends on n, and is independent of the channel parameters. This paper answers the above question by providing a fundamental bound on the ratio between the approximate capacity of the highest-performing single relay and the approximate capacity of the entire network, for any number n. Surprisingly, it is shown that such a ratio guarantee is f = 1/(2+2cos(2π/(n+2))), that is a sinusoidal function of n, which decreases as n increases. It is also shown that the aforementioned ratio guarantee is tight, i.e., there exist Gaussian half-duplex diamond n-relay networks, where the highest-performing relay has an approximate capacity equal to an f fraction of the approximate capacity of the entire network.
Abstract LB-261: Atopic allergic conditions and colorectal cancer risk in the Multiethnic Cohort (2014)

Abstract Previous studies have provided suggestive evidence of an inverse association between atopic allergic conditions (AAC) and colorectal cancer (CRC) incidence and mortality in predominantly White populations. Here we examined the association between AAC and CRC among White, African American, Native Hawaiian, Japanese American, and Latino men and women in the Multiethnic Cohort (MEC). AAC exposure status was ascertained via self-reported physician diagnosis using a baseline 26-page validated questionnaire. The analysis included 4259 incident CRC cases and 1221 CRC-related deaths ascertained between 1993 and 2010. We also examined associations by ethnic group, location, and stage of cancer as well as potential effect modification by CRC risk factors. AAC was associated with a reduced risk of colorectal cancer incidence among both men and women (RR = 0.85, 95% CI 0.79, 0.91, p &amp;lt; 0.0001). The reduction in risk was noted in each population and was significant in Whites (RR = 0.84, 95% CI 0.71, 0.98, p = 0.03), African Americans (RR = 0.81, 95% CI 0.69, 0.95, p = 0.01), and Japanese Americans (RR = 0.85, 95% CI 0.75, 0.97, p = 0.01). Suggestive evidence of effect modification was noted by smoking (p = 0.07) and aspirin use (p = 0.08), with a greater protective effect observed among current smokers (RR = 0.72, 95% CI 0.58, 0.89, p = 0.002) and never users of aspirin (RR = 0.81, 95% CI 0.73, 0.89, p &amp;lt; 0.0001). Individuals with AAC also had a 19% reduction in CRC-related mortality (P = 0.004). Colonoscopy screening is unlikely to explain these inverse associations, as individuals with AAC were more likely to be screened than those without AAC (p &amp;lt; 0.003 for all ethnic groups). These findings provide support for an association between immune pathology and colorectal cancer, potentially through modulation of the immune system's IgE-mediated pathways systemically and within the gut. Citation Format: Neal A. Tambe, Dan O. Stram, Lynne R. Wilkens, Peggy Wan, Frank D. Gilliland, Brian E. Henderson, Loic Le Marchand, Christopher A. Haiman. Atopic allergic conditions and colorectal cancer risk in the Multiethnic Cohort. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-261. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-LB-261
Intercellular adhesion molecule 1 and β2 integrins in C1q-stimulated superoxide production by human neutrophils: An example of a general regulatory mechanism governing acute inflammation (2000)

beta2 integrin binding to an ICAM provided an essential costimulatory signal for O2-production triggered by C1q in PMN. Our findings suggest a model for PMN activation in which 2 stimuli are required for O2- production: a first signal that also activates PMN beta2 integrins, followed by a second, beta2 integrin-mediated signal, which occurs physiologically upon PMN binding to ICAM-1. The requirement for this dual signal for PMN generation of O2- would serve as a regulatory mechanism to limit the production of O2- to a tissue environment where C1q, or some other stimulus, is colocalized with stromal cells bearing up-regulated ICAM-1. This mechanism may explain why all tissues can express ICAM-1 and may explain in part why inhibitors of tumor necrosis factor alpha, a major physiologic stimulus of ICAM-1 up-regulation, are potent antiinflammatory agents.
Chimeric antigen receptor–modified T cells: CD19 and the road beyond (2018)

The ability to harness a patient's immune system to target malignant cells is now transforming the treatment of many cancers, including hematologic malignancies. The adoptive transfer of T cells selected for tumor reactivity or engineered with natural or synthetic receptors has emerged as an effective modality, even for patients with tumors that are refractory to conventional therapies. The most notable example of adoptive cell therapy is with T cells engineered to express synthetic chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) that reprogram their specificity to target CD19. CAR T cells have shown remarkable antitumor activity in patients with refractory B-cell malignancies. Ongoing research is focused on understanding the mechanisms of incomplete tumor elimination, reducing toxicities, preventing antigen escape, and identifying suitable targets and strategies based on established and emerging principles of synthetic biology for extending this approach to other hematologic malignancies. This review will discuss the current status, challenges, and potential future applications of CAR T-cell therapy in hematologic malignancies.
Chemokines in pathology and medicine (2001)

About 50 human chemokines and nearly 20 receptors have been identified and characterized in little more than a decade since the discovery of interleukin 8 (IL-8), the first chemotactic cytokine. Research in this field has dramatically changed our understanding of leucocyte traffic in inflammation and immunity. This paper has been written for scientists and practitioners in the field of medicine. It reviews in concise and intelligible form information that I consider useful for understanding the role of chemokines in human pathophysiology. The main areas covered are: (i) the basics of chemokine structures, mode of action, activities and selectivity; (ii) newer aspects of the broad involvement of chemokines in the regulation of immune defence and the housekeeping of the immune system; (iii) the role of chemokines in pathology as illustrated by animal models and studies of human diseases; and (iv) novel therapeutic approaches for a variety of inflammatory conditions, which are based on modulation of chemokine activity.
Un environnement de simulation pour les systèmes embarqués (1997)

National audience
Experimental studies and simple numerical modeling of underwater electric discharges (2022)

At present, underwater electric pulsed discharges are used in a wide range of modern applications. During the development of a system for generating underwater acoustic pressure pulses, a numerical model is an essential tool for guiding the design and interpreting the data. Developing a complex one-dimensional numerical code, like those presented in the literature, requires a substantial dedicated effort. Unfortunately, previous work trying to use simple and elegant theoretical models developed many decades ago reported a fundamental issue, apparently related to the input data. The present work performs a detailed analysis of the real meaning of the voltage measured across an underwater discharge and clarifies the correct way the power input to a simple two-phase model should be calculated. Based on accurate measurements, a phenomenological methodology to obtain the input data is demonstrated, with theoretical predictions obtained from the simple two-phase model being successfully compared with the experimental evidence obtained from both the present work as well as from other reliable data presented in the literature.