gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effects of gully topography on space-time patterns of soil moisture in a semiarid grassland (2009)

Gullies are pervasive topographic features in semiarid grasslands in North America. At the Army’s Piñon Canyon Maneuver Site (PCMS) in southeastern Colorado, gullies are important because they restrict the mobility of troops and vehicles in training exercises, and they represent areas that are potentially vulnerable to further erosion. Substantial research has examined the temporal evolution of gullies as well as the factors that initiate gullies and control their morphology. In particular, prolonged periods of low soil moisture (droughts), frequent flash floods, and human activity are thought to reduce vegetative cover and promote gully development. Much less is understood about the feedback of gully topography on space-time patterns of soil moisture. The presence of gullies may produce feedbacks to soil moisture that either enhance or diminish gully development. In this study, field observations from PCMS are used to study the effects of gullies on space-time patterns of soil moisture and to describe the interactions of soil moisture, soil texture, and vegetation around gullies. Three study sites at PCMS have been extensively instrumented. These sites are located in the same broad valley, but one site (~1500 m2) is ungullied while the other two sites (also ~1500 m2) each contain a gully. The gully sites are adjacent to each other and their two gullies are approximately parallel. Hourly soil moisture observations have been collected for 8 months at two sites and 4 months at one site using time domain reflectometry (TDR) probes installed along four transects within each site. Each transect contains 6-8 probes that are positioned at the mid-points between topographic breakpoints. Meteorological data are also collected at the ungullied site and between the two gullied sites. Overall, the occurrence of gullies was observed to not affect the spatial average soil moisture within the study sites, but the gullies do promote spatial variability in soil moisture. Gully bottoms tend to be wetter. Although the evidence here is not conclusive, this tendency may be due to gradual lateral inflows, thicker vegetation (which protects the soil against surface crusting and promotes infiltration), and the lower local elevations (which protect against higher wind speeds and evapotranspiration). The gully sidewalls tend to be drier because of rapid drainage during and after precipitation events and in some cases increased solar insolation.
Studies on Heterocyclic Compounds. II. Syntheses of 1, 3, 5-Triazine Derivatives and Their Pharmacological Activities.(2) (1975)

6-Alkoxy-2-alkyl-4-substitutedamino-1, 3, 5-triazines and related compounds were prepared and their pharmacological activities were examined. Main behavioral changes observed after an intraperitoneal administration were divided into two categories, sedation and convulsion. The sedative effect was parallel to potentiation of barbiturate hypnosis. No clear relationship was found between anticonvulsant and sedative effects.
Quantizaiton for Deep Neural Network Training with 8-bit Dynamic Fixed Point (2020)

Recent advances in deep neural networks have achieved higher accuracy with more complex models. Nevertheless, they require much longer training time. To reduce the training time, training methods using quantized weight, activation, and gradient have been proposed. Because neural network calculation by integer format improves the energy efficiency of hardware for deep learning models, training methods for deep neural networks with fixed point format have been proposed. However, the narrow representation range of the fixed point degrades the accuracy achieved when using fixed points. In this work, we propose quantization method without accuracy degradation for deep neural networks training. The proposed quantization method can change the fixed point representation range to preserve accuracy by adding bias to the exponent of fixed point. We investigated the effectiveness of proposed quantization method on the ImageNet task using ResNet-50. Using the proposed method, the evaluated model can be trained using 8-bit dynamic fixed point without accuracy degradation.
Use of neural networks in solving interferences caused by formation of intermetallic compounds in anodic stripping voltammetry (1997)

Abstract Neural networks (NNs) were used to overcome interferences by formation of intermetallic compounds in anodic stripping voltammetry (ASV). The software developed for this purpose allows one to construct NNs of virtually any type of architecture and train it automatically using the back‐propagation method. The ability of NNs for addressing interferences arising from interactions with the hanging mercury drop electrode is demonstrated for the Cu–Zn binary system.
Casper: A phase I, open-label, dose finding study of calaspargase pegol-mnkl (cala) in combination with cobimetinib (cobi) in locally advanced or metastatic pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). (2023)

TPS772 Background: Metabolic adaptation provides rapidly dividing cancer cells the flexibility to maintain homeostasis as nutrient supplies are continuously exhausted in the tumor microenvironment. Asparagine synthetase (ASNS) catalyzes ATP-dependent biosynthesis of the non-essential amino acid asparagine from aspartate and glutamine. Cells lacking ASNS, however, are auxotrophic for asparagine. Use of L-asparaginase (ASNase) to promote asparagine starvation in PDAC and other solid tumors with low ASNS levels is a rationale treatment strategy; however, aberrant RAS/MAPK signaling can circumvent effects of ASNase. Preclinical data shows that targeted inhibition of MAPK signaling along with ASNase is active against PDAC; however, this has not been tested in patients to date. Methods: CASPER is an open-label, phase IB, single-arm, dose-escalation study to evaluate the safety and tolerability of combining cala and cobi in patients with locally-advanced or metastatic PDAC. Participants receive cala and cobi at assigned dose level. The study uses a Bayesian Optimal Interval (BOIN) design to determine the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) for the combination of study agents. Up to 15 participants will be enrolled and treated, with a cohort of 3 participants assessed before a decision is made to escalate, de-escalate, or maintain the current dose level before initiating the next cohort. MTD is defined as the dose level where dose-limiting toxicity (DLT) probability is closest to the target toxicity rate of 30% after applying isotonic regression to the observed dose-level-specific DLT rate. Per BOIN, the dose level is escalated, maintained, or de-escalated based on comparisons of the observed DLT rate and pre-specified boundaries (0.236, 0.359). Starting in Cycle (C) 1, patients receive cobi (at assigned dose level) for Days (D) 1-14, and their assigned dose of cala on D1 of each 21-day cycle. If the combination of cala and cobi is tolerated and does not incur DLTs, participants will continue receiving their assigned dose of cala and cobi until evidence of disease progression, unacceptable toxicity, or study withdrawal. The DLT period starts on C1D1 and ends C2D21. Secondary endpoints include preliminary assessment of overall response rate (ORR), disease control rate (DCR), and mean levels of plasma ASNase. Paired tumor biopsies and serial blood will be used for exploratory objectives combining deep multi-omic analytics with clinical data. The trial is currently open with 1 patient enrolled at time of submission. Clinical trial information: NCT05034627 . [Table: see text]
Thermal invisibility based on scattering cancellation and mantle cloaking (2015)

We theoretically and numerically analyze thermal invisibility based on the concept of scattering cancellation and mantle cloaking. We show that a small object can be made completely invisible to heat diffusion waves, by tailoring the heat conductivity of the spherical shell enclosing the object. This means that the thermal scattering from the object is suppressed, and the heat flow outside the object and the cloak made of these spherical shells behaves as if the object is not present. Thermal invisibility may open new vistas in hiding hot spots in infrared thermography, military furtivity, and electronics heating reduction.
ISDN Network Terminating Equipment (1982)

For the introduction of an integrated services digital network (ISDN) service in Britain in 1983, three versions of network terminating equipment (NTE) are being developed. The interfaces to the NTE and the functions to be performed by the NTE are described. Details are given of the NTE's which range in complexity from an NTE offering digital telephony and a simple data port, to a comprehensive data access unit offering a wide range of standard interfaces. The paper concludes with a discussion of the future evolution of NTE's.
Panel construction for mapping in admixed populations via expected mutual information (2008)

Mapping by admixture linkage disequilibrium (MALD) is an economical and powerful approach for the identification of genomic regions harboring disease susceptibility genes in recently admixed populations. We develop an information-theory-based measure, called expected mutual information (EMI), which computes the impact of a set of markers on the ability to infer ancestry at each chromosomal location. We then present a simple and effective algorithm for the selection of panels that strives to maximize the EMI score. Finally, we demonstrate via well-established simulation tools that our panels provide more power and accuracy for inferring disease gene loci via the MALD method in comparison to previous methods.
A monolithic opto-coupler based sensor for contact force detection in artificial hand (2016)

This paper presents a monolithic opto-coupler based force sensor design to detect the contact forces of the fingertip of the artificial hand during grasp process. Effective and precise measurement of the contact force is always a challenge for the humid and temperature varying environment. In this paper, we propose a novel design of force sensor with optical technique. The optical technique is preferred over other techniques because of its simpler electronics and less immunity to temperature variation under humid environment. Simulation results conducted using Finite Element Method (FEM) analysis confirmed the deflection is linear for the forces from 0 to ±100 N. The maximum stress found at 100 N is 252.39 MPa. Also, modal analysis is performed to ensure the sensor is durable and operative while handling different vibrating objects. Calibration experiment of the sensor is performed using multipoint calibration process and curve fitting technique.
Modification of ultrahigh-molecular-weight polyethylene by low-temperature plasma (review) (2017)

Published data appeared in the last decade on the modification of ultrahigh-molecular-weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) films and plates with the use of low-temperature plasma are considered. Setups for sample processing by discharges of various types and methods for studying the changes occurring on the polymer surface are described. The results of the examination of contact, adhesion, strength, and tribological properties are presented. Changes in the chemical composition and structure of UHMWPE films are discussed, and data on the metabolic activity of the modified films are presented.
NK cell natural cytotoxicity and IFN-gamma production are not always coordinately regulated: engagement of DX9 KIR+ NK cells by HLA-B7 variants and target cells. (1998)

DX9 mAb-binding killer cell-inhibitory receptors (KIR) recognize HLA-B molecules that express the Bw4 public serologic epitope. We assessed DX9+ NK cell fine specificity recognition of HLA-B7 variants and HLA-B27 alleles by 51Cr release natural cytotoxicity assays and by flow cytometry and enzyme-linked immunospot (ELISPOT) IFN-gamma synthesis and release assays. 721.221 target cell expression of Bw4+ HLA-B27 alleles specifically inhibited DX9+ NK cell natural cytotoxicity and IFN-gamma synthesis and release. A triple substitution of HLA-B7 at residues 80, 82, and 83 known to induce expression of the Bw4 serologic epitope also specifically inhibited DX9+ NK cell natural cytotoxicity and IFN-gamma responses. Single HLA-B7 amino acid substitution variants were recognized in the same decreasing rank order by DX9+ NK cells and Bw4-reactive mAbs: G83R > R82L > N80T = HLA-B7. Natural cytotoxicity inhibition was reversed by the presence of blocking DX9 mAb. Natural cytotoxicity and IFN-gamma production were coordinately regulated by a panel of HLA-B7 variants expressed on 721.221 cells, suggesting that these two effector functions are inhibited by the same KIR-mediated signaling mechanisms. In contrast, some NK cell clones killed 721.221 and K562 target cells equally well but released much more IFN-gamma in response to K562 target cells. Differential regulation of natural cytotoxicity and IFN-gamma release shows that NK cell effector functions respond to distinct signals.
THE EFFECT OF KETAMINE HC1 ON THE IN VITRO METABOLISM OF NOREPINEPHRINE IN RAT CEREBRAL CORTEX TISSUE (1976)

Departments of Anesthesiology, Neurology and Pharmacology, West Virginia University Medical Center, Morgantown, West Virginia
Prognostic significance of nuclear DNA content in serous ovarian tumors. (1984)

Specimens from 73 serous ovarian cancers were examined with respect to DNA content of the tumor cells. The prognostic value of DNA analysis, as reflected in patient survival, was retrospectively compared with that of conventional histological assessment of cancer. DNA in individual tumor cells was measured in sections from the original paraffin-embedded specimens. High proportions of cells with very high DNA values were identified in tumors from 16 patients, 10 of whom died of the disease during the follow-up period. The histological classification was invasive adenocarcinoma in 47 tumors and borderline cancer in 26. All of the patients who died had invasive adenocarcinoma. Although both DNA analysis and histological evaluation were sensitive predictors of mortality, the specificity of the DNA method was distinctly higher (0.90 versus 0.42). The study suggests that analysis of the DNA content of tumor cells can be a useful supplement to histological assessment of cancer and accordingly can significantly assist in the planning of treatment.
Core–shell SiO2@LDHs with tuneable size, composition and morphology (2015)

We present here a simple method for the synthesis of core-shell SiO2@LDH (LDH: layered double hydroxide) particles using an in situ co-precipitation method without any pretreatment. The LDH composition, the overall particle size and morphology can be tuned giving new opportunities for the development of novel sorbents and catalyst systems.
Stochastic Gene Expression Modeling with Hill Function for Switch-Like Gene Responses (2011)

Gene expression models play a key role to understand the mechanisms of gene regulation whose aspects are grade and switch-like responses. Though many stochastic approaches attempt to explain the gene expression mechanisms, the Gillespie algorithm which is commonly used to simulate the stochastic models requires additional gene cascade to explain the switch-like behaviors of gene responses. In this study, we propose a stochastic gene expression model describing the switch-like behaviors of a gene by employing Hill functions to the conventional Gillespie algorithm. We assume eight processes of gene expression and their biologically appropriate reaction rates are estimated based on published literatures. We observed that the state of the system of the toggled switch model is rarely changed since the Hill function prevents the activation of involved proteins when their concentrations stay below a criterion. In ScbA-ScbR system, which can control the antibiotic metabolite production of microorganisms, our modified Gillespie algorithm successfully describes the switch-like behaviors of gene responses and oscillatory expressions which are consistent with the published experimental study.
Molecular engineering of pyrene carbazole dyes with a single bond and double bond as the mode of linkage (2020)

Both carbazole and pyrene are electron-rich aromatic systems and are expected to be potential donors when used in push–pull dye architecture in the field of DSSC.
Procedures for minimizing the aberrations of electromagnetic compound lenses (1995)

Procedures for minimizing the aberrations of electromagnetic compound lenses. Two techniques are outlined for optimizing the electromagnetic field of rotationally symmetric electron lenses. Field distributions with minimum aberrations are investigated for various arrangements and constraints. By means of these examples the characteristic fundamental behaviour of the optimized axial electromagnetic field is discussed in detail.
Response characterization of ammonium tartrate solid state pellets for ESR dosimetry with radiotherapeutic photon and electron beams (2001)

Solid state pellets (1 mm thick) for electron spin resonance (ESR) dosimetry were made using ammonium tartrate as the radiation-sensitive substance. Their behaviour was experimentally investigated as a function of dose with 60Co gamma rays. The calibration function obtained permits measurements of absorbed dose in the 2-50 Gy range, with a combined uncertainty of +/-4%. The lowest detectable dose was about 0.5 Gy. These properties are comparable with or even better than those of ESR dosimeters made from other materials. The time stability of the ESR signal of ammonium tartrate dosimeters at different storage conditions after irradiation was studied. A rather complex behaviour was observed, which suggests that more species of free radicals are produced by radiation and that migration processes may be effective. No dependence of the response on beam quality was found for high-energy photon and electron beams produced by a linear accelerator used in radiotherapy, whereas dose was underestimated with low-energy x-rays.
digiMe: An Online Portal to Support Connectivity through E-Learning in Medical Education (2017)

Connectivity is intrinsic to all aspects of our life today, be it political, economic, technological, scientific, or personal. Higher education is also transcending the previous paradigm of technology enabled content delivery and e-learning, with a new emphasis on connectivity, enabling participants to exchange knowledge and collaborate to meet educational goals. In this study, a social media technology supported website—digiMe—was developed and evaluated at the School of Medicine of one Australian university. Connectivity to other medical learners and health professionals is intrinsic to digiMe. This paper reports the functionalities of this website, results of a post-intervention evaluative survey, and statistics of website usage generated from Google Analytics. The results revealed more active adoptions and a more positive attitude towards digiMe from Year 4 students compared to Year 5 students. The participants showed a desire for access to a recommended collection of apps, such as those offered through digiMe. However, many participants did not use digiMe beyond initial introduction to it. digiMe demonstrated its potential in raising awareness of web and mobile apps useful for enhancing connectivity, although it needs to be introduced to students in earlier years of their medical education to achieve a higher impact on their learning.
Inhibition of protein synthesis in vitro by crotins and ricin. Effect on the steps of peptide chain elongation (1976)

The effects of crotin I and crotin II on the partial reactions of polypeptide chain elongation were investigated and compared with the known effects of ricin. Crotin II was a more powerful inhibitor than crotin I, but no qualitative differences between the two crotins were found. Rat liver ribosomes, preincubated with crotins and washed through sucrose gradients, remained inactive in protein synthesis. Among the individual steps of elongation, the peptidyltransferase reaction was unaffected by crotins, but some of the reactions that involve the interaction of elongation factors 1 and 2 with ribosomes were modified. A strong inhibition of the binding of elongation factor 2 to ribosomes and a stimulation of the elongation factor2-dependent GTP hydrolysis were observed; this indicates the formation of a very unstable elongation factor 2--GDP--ribosome complex, which, however, allows a single round of translocation to take place in the presence ofelongation factor 2 and added GTP. The elongation factor 1-dependent GTP hydrolysis was inhibited by crotins, whereas the enzymic binding of aminoacyl-tRNA, to both rat liver and Artemia salina ribosomes, was scarcely affected. In a protein-synthesizing system the inhibition by crotins and by ricin leads to a block of the nascent peptides on the ribosomal aminoacyl-tRNA site, an effect consistent with inhibition at the level of translocation. The mechanism of action of crotins appears to be very similar to that of ricin.
The Acyl-CoA Synthetases Encoded within FAA1 andFAA4 in Saccharomyces cerevisiaeFunction as Components of the Fatty Acid Transport System Linking Import, Activation, and Intracellular Utilization (2001)

Exogenous long-chain fatty acids are activated to coenzyme A derivatives prior to metabolic utilization. In the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the activation of these compounds prior to metabolic utilization proceeds through the fatty acyl-CoA synthetases Faa1p and Faa4p. Faa1p or Faa4p are essential for long-chain fatty acid import, suggesting that one or both of these enzymes are components of the fatty acid transport system, which also includes Fat1p. By monitoring the intracellular accumulation of the fluorescent long-chain fatty acid analogue 4,4-difluoro-5-methyl-4-bora-3a,4a-diaza-s-indacene-3-dodecanoic acid, long-chain fatty acid transport was shown to be severely restricted in a faa1 Delta faa4 Delta strain. These data established for the first time a mechanistic linkage between the import and activation of exogenous fatty acids in yeast. To investigate this linkage further, oleoyl CoA levels were defined following incubation of wild type and mutant cells with limiting concentrations of exogenous oleate. These studies demonstrated oleoyl CoA levels were reduced to less than 10% wild-type levels in faa1 Delta and faa1 Delta faa4 Delta strains. Defects in metabolic utilization and intracellular trafficking were also found in the fatty acyl-CoA synthetase-deficient strains. The faa1 Delta faa4 Delta strain had a marked reduction in endogenous acyl-CoA pools, suggesting these enzymes play a role in maintenance of endogenous acyl-CoA pools, metabolism and trafficking. In addition, this strain had levels of in vivo beta-oxidation of exogenous oleate reduced 3-fold when compared with the isogenic parent. Northern analyses demonstrated an additional defect in fatty acid trafficking as FAA1 or FAA4 were required for the transcriptional regulation of the genes encoding the peroxisomal enzymes acyl-CoA oxidase (POX1) and medium-chain acyl-CoA synthetase (FAA2). These data support the hypothesis that fatty acyl-CoA synthetase (Faa1p or Faa4p) functions as a component of the fatty acid import system by linking import and activation of exogenous fatty acids to intracellular utilization and signaling.