gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Sodium silicate treatment for the attenuation of U(VI) by iron‐bearing sediments in acidic groundwater plumes (2017)

Abstract BACKGROUND Anthropogenic activities, such as uranium mining and the nuclear industry, have resulted in groundwater contamination and the creation of uranium‐affected acidic plumes. In situ immobilization through base injection is a favorable way of uranium attenuation. The present study explores the use of sodium silicate for the restoration of neutral pH of the affected zone and consequently, uranium immobilization under circumneutral conditions. RESULTS 70 mg L −1 sodium silicate restored the pH of uranium bearing, acidic groundwater to neutral in batch experiments consisting of Savannah River Site ( SRS ) soil and the aqueous phase. SRS soil main components are quartz, kaolinite and goethite and the U( VI ) removal was ∼60%. Identical experiments consisting only of quartz and kaolinite showed only 19% U( VI ) removal. Binding of uranium may be improved by inner‐sphere complexation and is not affected by the presence of competitive cations, such as Ca 2+ and Mg 2+ . Recovery of uranium under acidic conditions ( pH 3.5) was ∼60%, whereas sorption is not reversible under circumneutral conditions. CONCLUSION Sodium silicate restores the pH of acidic groundwater systems to circumneutral conditions, where uranium retention by iron bearing sediments is favored. Goethite is the soil's most reactive phase and contributes to stronger binding of uranium through inner‐sphere complexation. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
Some new results on anti-windup-conditioning using the Weston-Postlethwaite approach (2004)

Anti-windup (AW) compensation, commonly used to counteract performance and stability problems due to saturation non-linearities in the actuator of primarily linear control systems, is revisited in terms of the approach of Weston & Postlethwaite (W&P). Their parameterization consists of a filter M and a linear model of the plant dynamics. Several consecutive results have been obtained: First, the W&P-approach is extended to a more generic, recently established L/sub 2/-problem formulation for AW-compensator design; second, it is shown that the most suitable choice for M is based on a plant coprime factorization; third, it is proved that the coprime factorization technique can achieve optimal performance once the designer intends to recover nominal linear controller performance for a a reasonably generic class of linear control problems. This significantly facilitates the L/sub 2/-design of full-order AW compensators. As a final result, linear matrix inequality (LMI)-design conditions for this AW-configuration are provided.
Active mitochondria support osteogenic differentiation by stimulating β-catenin acetylation (2018)

Bone marrow stromal (a.k.a. mesenchymal stem) cells (BMSCs) can differentiate into osteoblasts (OBs), adipocytes, or chondrocytes. As BMSCs undergo OB differentiation, they up-regulate mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OxPhos). Here, we investigated the mechanism(s) connecting mitochondrial OxPhos to OB differentiation. First, we found that treating BMSC-like C3H10T1/2 cells with an OxPhos inhibitor reduces their osteogenic potential. Interestingly, ATP levels were not reduced, as glycolysis compensated for the decreased OxPhos. Thus, mitochondria support OB differentiation not only by supplying ATP, but also by other mechanisms. To uncover these mechanisms, we stimulated OxPhos in C3H10T1/2 cells by replacing media glucose with galactose and observed that this substitution increases both OxPhos and osteogenesis even in the absence of osteoinducers. β-Catenin, an important signaling pathway in osteogenesis, was found to be responsive to OxPhos stimulation. β-Catenin activity is maintained by acetylation, and mitochondria generate the acetyl donor acetyl-CoA, which upon entering the Krebs cycle is converted to citrate capable of exiting mitochondria. Cytosolic citrate is converted back to acetyl-CoA by ATP citrate lyase (ACLY). We found that inhibiting ACLY with SB204990 (SB) reverses the galactose-induced β-catenin activity and OB differentiation. This suggested that acetylation is involved in β-catenin activation after forced OxPhos stimulation, and using immunoprecipitation, we indeed detected SB-sensitive β-catenin acetylation. Both β-catenin acetylation and activity increased during osteoinduction coincident with OxPhos activation. These findings suggest that active mitochondria support OB differentiation by promoting β-catenin acetylation and thus activity.
Evaluation of a spontaneous canine model of immunoglobulin E-mediated food hypersensitivity: dynamic changes in serum and fecal allergen-specific immunoglobulin E values relative to dietary change. (2002)

The purpose of the pilot study reported here was to evaluate serum and fecal total and allergen-specific immunoglobulin E (IgE) responses to dietary change in five Maltese x beagle dogs with suspected food hypersensitivity, compared with those of five clinically normal dogs. Clinical parameters (pruritus, otitis, and diarrhea) improved in the Maltese x beagle dogs during feeding of a novel diet, and signs were exacerbated by oral allergen provocation. Relative concentrations of serum and fecal wheat-, corn-, and milk-specific IgE were determined by use of an ELISA. The onset of clinical signs of disease was accompanied by an increase in serum allergen-specific IgE concentrations. In contrast, changes in clinical signs of disease or allergen-specific IgE values were not seen in the control group undergoing the same regimen. Total serum IgE concentration was measured by use of the ELISA, and comparison with known quantities of a monoclonal IgE allowed absolute values to be reported. Values were high in the Maltese x beagle colony (7 to 34 microg/ml), compared with those in the control dogs (0.7 to 6 microg/ml). Total serum and total fecal IgE concentrations did not change in either group during the study. Although allergen-specific IgE was detected in the feces of both groups, significant interassay variability made interpretation of the results difficult. The authors concluded that these Maltese x beagle dogs satisfied the currently recognized clinical criteria for the diagnosis of canine food hypersensitivity. Furthermore, the clinical and serologic responses seen in these dogs in response to oral allergen provocation suggest that this may be a useful model for the study of spontaneous food hypersensitivity.
The PROGRESS Centre for Predictable Embedded Software Systems - Half-time report (edited version) (2010)

Presentation of the achievements and activities within the PROGRESS national strategic research centre 2006-2008
Supplementation of DHA‐Rich Microalgal Oil or Fish Oil During the Suckling Period in Mildly n‐3 Fatty Acid‐Deficient Rat Pups (2011)

Long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFA), particularly arachidonic acid (ARA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), are considered critical for the development of infants and are commonly supplemented in infant formulae. In this study, two common sources of n-3 LC-PUFA, fish oil (FO) and DHA-rich microalgal oil (DMO), were fed to rat pups of mildly n-3 PUFA-deficient dams to compare changes in LC-PUFA of tissue phospholipids. The milk from dams fed a n-3 PUFA-deficient diet contained less n-3 LC-PUFA than that of dams fed a control diet (AIN-93G). The pups' were given orally 1 mg/g weight of either FO or DMO for 17 days between the ages of 5 and 21 days, the pups were weaned, and sacrificed 1 week later for analysis of fatty acid compositions of brain, heart, kidney, spleen, and thymus phospholipids. Although both FO and DMO brought about a recovery in the tissue DHA levels compared to those of the control group (pups from AIN-93G-fed dams), DMO was more effective at restoring tissue LC-PUFA status because it was richer in DHA than FO. FO had a slightly lower PUFA level than that required to bring the LC-PUFA status completely to normal levels in this experiment, and EPA did not accumulate in tissues under the conditions tested here. These results demonstrate the effectiveness of ingesting either FO or DMO in the pre-weaning period for improving mild n-3 PUFA deficiency.
Lewis-base adducts of Group 1B metal(I) compounds. Part 17. Synthesis and crystal structures of adducts of copper(I) cyanide with nitrogen bases (1985)

Compounds of the type [Cu(CN)Ln][L = diethylamine, (1), triethylamine, (2), 4-methylpyridine, (3), or 1,10-phenanthroline, (4)] have been synthesized by recrystallization of copper(I) cyanide from (or with) the parent base and their crystal structures have been determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction methods; n= 1 except in the case of (3) where n= 1.5. Crystals of (1) are monoclinic, space group P21/n, with a= 15.108(7), b= 7.321(5), c= 13.699(6)Å, β= 103.00(4)°, and Z= 8; R was 0.044 for No= 871 independent ‘observed’ reflections. For (2), crystals are orthorhombic, space group Pnma, with a= 9.501(4), b= 8.921(4), c= 11.279(5)Å, and Z= 4; R= 0.039, No= 369. For (3), crystals are monoclinic, space group Cc, with a= 9.587(3), b= 16.326(4), c= 14.022(4)Å, β= 109.38(2)°, and Z= 4; R= 0.031, No= 1 070. For (4), crystals are trigonal, space group P31, with a= 9.175(5), c= 11.753(8)Å, and Z= 3; R= 0.041, No= 812. All complexes are one-dimensional polymers, that in (2) being disposed completely in a mirror plane except for the substituent alkyl groups. Copper atoms in (1) and (2) are trigonally planar co-ordinated by C,N(cyanide) and N(base), as is one of the two copper atoms in (3); the other copper atom in (3) is unusual, being four-co-ordinated pseudo-tetrahedrally by C,N(cyanide) and two N(base). A similar copper environment is found in (4).
A Context-Aware NLP Approach For Noteworthiness Detection in Cellphone Conversations (2014)

This papers presents a context-aware NLP approach to automatically detect noteworthy infor-mation in spontaneous mobile phone conversations. The proposed method uses a supervised modeling strategy which considers both features from the content of the conversation as well as contextual information from the call. We empirically analyze the predictive performance of features of different nature on a corpus of mobile phone conversations. The results of this study reveal that the context of the conversation plays a crucial role on boosting the predictive perfor-mance of the model. 1
Simulating Large Area, High Intensity AM0 Illumination – Test Results from Bepicolombo and Solar Orbiter Qualification (2017)

Two ESA high temperature missions, BepiColombo and Solar Orbiter, are planned to start in 2018. Severe environmental conditions with sun intensities up to 10.6 resp. 12.8 solar constants will be encountered during both missions.
Low-Loss Integrated Passive CMOS Electrical Balance Duplexers With Single-Ended LNA (2016)

A tunable integrated electrical balanced duplexer (EBD) is presented as a compact alternative to multiple bulky surface acoustic wave (SAW) and bulk acoustic wave (BAW) duplexers in third-generation (3G)/fourth-generation (4G) cellular transceivers. A balancing network creates a replica of the transmitter (TX) signal for cancellation at the input of a single-ended low-noise amplifier (LNA) to isolate the receive path from the TX. The proposed passive EBD is based on a cross-connected transformer topology without the need of any extra baluns at the antenna side. The balancing network enables a single-ended LNA with reliable high TX power operation up to 22 dBm by alleviating the common-mode coupling. The duplexer achieves around 50-dB transmitter-receiver (TX-RX) isolation within a 1.6-2.2-GHz range. The cascaded noise figure (NF) of the duplexer and LNA is 6.5 dB, and TX insertion loss (TXIL) of the duplexer is about 3.2 dB. The duplexer and LNA are implemented in a 0.18-μm CMOS process and occupy an active area of 0.35 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> .
Reconstruction of Chemical Molecules from Images (2007)

We have developed a system for the automatic reconstruction of chemical molecules from images. The system takes as input an electronically produced image of a chemical molecule and produces an SDF file containing the complete chemical description of the molecule. The SDF file can then be read and used by most chemical computer programs. Our system finds extensive application in information extraction problems where the molecule images contained in chemical documents need to be rendered computer readable. We have benchmarked our system against a commercially available product and have also tested it using chemical databases of several thousand images. The system can be parameterized to reconstruct images of different sources and different characteristics.
Genetic Associations In Anterior Uveitis Implicate T-Cell Co-Stimulation and Other Immune Pathways (2013)

Background/Purpose:Anterior uveitis (AU) complicates a number of autoimmune diseases including ankylosing spondylitis (AS), Behcet’s disease and sarcoidosis. It is highly heritable and HLA-B27 is the major risk factor. Functional data has suggested that AU is a T-cell mediated disease. Genes including MHC class II molecules and cytokine genes have been associated with AU. A linkage study has reported suggestive linkage at chromosome 9p21-9p24, but no non-MHC gene has been definitively associated with AU. Our aim was to use an immune focused micro-array to better characterise the genetic variants associated with AU.Methods:Cases of AS with AU (n = 1,422), cases of AS without AU (n = 2,339), AU cases alone (n = 289) and healthy controls (HC) (n = 10,000) were recruited. The Illumina Immunochip microarray was used to genotype 190,000 autoimmune related SNPs across the genome selected for their previous identification in autoimmune phenotypes or for fine mapping of association signals already identified. Analysis was completed with the linear mixed model FaST-LMM. We report here the analysis of all AU cases compared to HC. Classical MHC alleles were imputed from genotyping data using the programme HLA*IMP.Results:Multiple regions previously reported to be associated with AS were significantly associated. In addition, in this analysis, one rare haplotype (minor allele frequency in controls = 0.0003) spanning the genes CCL19, CCL21 and CCL27 was associated with AU at genome wide significance (P = 2.6 x 10-9, OR = 11.4). Taqman genotyping of the lead SNP in this haplotype was completely concordant with array genotype. Five other loci implicating RGS21 (9.5 x 10-7, OR 1.2), CD28-CTLA4 (9.4 x 10-7, OR = 1.2), POP7 (1.6 x 10-6, OR = 1.3), WFDY4 (7.9 x 10-6, OR = 1.2) and CLECL16A (6.4 x 10-6, OR = 1.3) were associated at a suggestive level of significance (P < 1 x 10-5). HLA-B27 was strongly associated (P = 1 x 10-320, OR = 5.0). Conditioning on HLA-B*27, a protective association with HLA-B*07 was observed (P= 1.2 x 10-6, OR = 0.71).Conclusion:Multiple SNPs implicating T cell function and co-stimulation, as well as complement and chemokine pathways were associated with AU. These findings indicate that whilst the genetic risk factors for AS and AU are similar, additional genetic risk variants influence the risk of developing AU that are not involved in AS itself
Genetics of sudden cardiac death syndromes (2011)

Major strides have been made in uncovering new genes, mechanisms, and syndromes that have significantly advanced the diagnosis and treatment of genetic SCD disorders.
Galactose Metabolism in the Sea Lion. (1966)

Studies on the enzymes, galao tokinase and galactose-1 -phosphate uridyl transferase have shown that these enzymes are present in the blood and liver of sea lions. A galactose tolerance test on a sea lion has revealed that these animals are able to metabolize galactose.
Two-Gene Control of the Expression of Murine Ia Antigens (1978)

Abstract Two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of Ia antigens obtained from 35S-methionine-labeled lymphocytes has revealed that the expression on the cell surface of an antigen coded for by a locus in the I-A subregion may be controlled by an I-E subregion product. Three distinct polypeptide chains (Aa, Ab, and Ae) coded for by loci in I-A have been identified in gels of immunoprecipitated Ia antigens; one of these (Ae) is coprecipitated with an I-E antigen by anti-I-E antibodies and probably is complexed to the I-E chain in the cell. Mice of haplotypes which do not have serologically-detectable I-E antigens (such as b and s haplotypes) appear not to synthesize and I-E product. These mice also do not express Ae on their cell surfaces, although precursors of surface Ae can be detected in the cytoplasm. Some haplotypes, however, contain a locus mapping between Ia.4 in I-J and H-2D which can complement I-A in either the cis or trans position to allow the cell surface expression of Ae. Because the ability to complement I-A for Ae expression parallels the synthesis of an I-E-encoded protein (i.e., present in k, d, r, and p haplotypes but absent in b and s haplotypes), it is likely that the I-E product itself is regulating the expression of Ae. These findings may have important implications for two-gene control of immune responsiveness.
Design and Implementation of Simple Field-Oriented Control for Permanent Magnet Stepper Motors Without DQ Transformation (2011)

In this paper, a simple field-oriented control (FOC) without direct quadrature (DQ) transformation is proposed for position tracking of permanent magnet stepper motors (PMSMs). Conventional FOC methods require DQ transformation to linearize the mechanical dynamics for PMSMs. In this paper, a proportional-integral-derivative controller with velocity feedforward is developed to obtain the torque modulation required to track the desired position. In addition, a new commutation scheme is proposed to generate the desired currents with the torque modulation; this commutation scheme is equivalent to the microstepping where the desired currents have time-varying amplitudes with π/2 electrical phase advance. The proposed controller method is in the form of an FOC even though DQ transformation is not used. The proposed commutation scheme likens the PMSM to a two-phase permanent magnet synchronous motor. Experimental results validate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Faculty Opinions recommendation of A catalytically silent FAAH-1 variant drives anandamide transport in neurons. (2012)

The endocannabinoid anandamide is removed from the synaptic space by a selective transport system, expressed in neurons and astrocytes, which remains molecularly uncharacterized. Here we describe a partly cytosolic variant of the intracellular anandamide-degrading enzyme, fatty acid amide hydrolase-1 (FAAH-1), termed FAAH-like anandamide transporter (FLAT), which lacks amidase activity but binds anandamide with low micromolar affinity and facilitates its translocation into cells. Known anandamide transport inhibitors, such as AM404 and OMDM-1, block these effects. Additionally, we identify a competitive antagonist of the interaction of anandamide with FLAT, the phthalazine derivative ARN272, which prevents anandamide internalization in vitro, interrupts anandamide deactivation in vivo, and exerts profound analgesic effects in rodent models of nociceptive and inflammatory pain, which are mediated by CB 1 cannabinoid receptors. The results identify FLAT as a critical molecular component of anandamide transport in neural cells and a potential target for therapeutic drugs.
Computer-aided diagnosis of mammographic microcalcification clusters (2004)

Computer-aided diagnosis techniques in medical imaging are developed for the automated differentiation between benign and malignant lesions and go beyond computer-aided detection by providing cancer likelihood for a detected lesion given image and/or patient characteristics. The goal of this study was the development and evaluation of a computer-aided detection and diagnosis algorithm for mammographic calcification clusters. The emphasis was on the diagnostic component, although the algorithm included automated detection, segmentation, and classification steps based on wavelet filters and artificial neural networks. Classification features were selected primarily from descriptors of the morphology of the individual calcifications and the distribution of the cluster. Thirteen such descriptors were selected and, combined with patient's age, were given as inputs to the network. The features were ranked and evaluated for the classification of 100 high-resolution, digitized mammograms containing biopsy-proven, benign and malignant calcification clusters. The classification performance of the algorithm reached a 100% sensitivity for a specificity of 85% (receiver operating characteristic area index Az = 0.98 +/- 0.01). Tests of the algorithm under various conditions showed that the selected features were robust morphological and distributional descriptors, relatively insensitive to segmentation and detection errors such as false positive signals. The algorithm could exceed the performance of a similar visual analysis system that was used as basis for development and, combined with a simple image standardization process, could be applied to images from different imaging systems and film digitizers with similar sensitivity and specificity rates.
Enabling offline access to Facebook streams on mobile devices (2013)

The recent years have witnessed the wild success of social networks and social media sites such as Facebook, Twitter, LinkedIn, Google+, and Instagram -- indeed, many people rely on these social networks to communicate with their friends, family and community on a day to day basis. Via these sites, users exchange rich media contents, such as video, audio, and images for an enhanced user experience. With the growing popularity of mobile communications, users connect to these social networks using mobile devices (e.g., smartphones, tablets) and expect to derive the same experience no matter how and where they connect. It is reported that 93% of Android smartphone users in India use social networks on their smartphones [6]. Another survey, done in Canada, shows that 61% of users access Facebook through mobile devices [2]. These market reports indicate that social media streams, carrying rich content, have become key aspects of how people view information and how society interacts today.