gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
CPE virtualization by unifying NFV, SDN and Cloud technologies (2016)

This paper will describe CPE virtualization solution for home and enterprise environments by unifying Network Function Virtualization (NFV), Software Defined Networking (SDN) and Cloud technologies in Internet providers' networks and data centers. The goal of this solution approach is to reduce operational and capital costs, increase network and service flexibility for providers and to broaden service offering and experience for the end-users. This is achieved by leveraging state of the art technologies that provide automation, flexibility and simplify operations. Possible applications, implementation and potentials will be studied throughout this paper.
Resuming aspirin in patients with non-variceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding: a systematic review and meta-analysis (2021)

Evidence supporting a protective effect of aspirin resumption soon after NVUGIB is of low-to-moderate certainty, and is not informative as to the optimal timing of aspirin resumption.
Ceramic Matrix Composites: Si C Whisker–Reinforced (2011)

Abstract SiC‐whisker‐reinforced ceramic exhibits much higher fracture toughness than monolithic ceramics, because the whisker bridging and pullout provide much large fracture resistance when the crack propagates perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the SiC whiskers. Owing to the toughening efficiency and the ease of processing, SiC whisker reinforcements have been employed not only for conventional ceramics such as alumina and silicon nitride but also for advanced ceramics such as zirconium diboride. Furthermore, SiC‐whisker‐reinforced ceramic matrix composites possess self‐healing ability driven by the SiC whisker oxidation and the insulating electrical properties due to the SiC‐whisker‐interconnecting network. These features are expected to extend its applications. In this article, these mechanisms are overviewed and introduced in detail.
Robust stability and performance analysis: a new approach (1993)

Bernstein et al (1992) obtained results on robust stability and performance analysis by choosing a bound for the uncertainty terms in an uncertain Lyapunov equation. For performance analysis, one approach is to use an estimate of the solution of an uncertain Lyapunov equation to directly obtain a cost estimation. This paper presents some preliminary results for robust performance analysis and robust stability. The results presented in this paper show that for a certain class of uncertain systems (e.g., the Maximum Entropy covariance model), the guaranteed cost and its computation can be greatly improved.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Epistasis within the MHC contributes to the genetic architecture of celiac disease (2014)

Abstract Epistasis has long been thought to contribute to the genetic aetiology of complex diseases, yet few robust epistatic interactions in humans have been detected. We have conducted exhaustive genome-wide scans for pairwise epistasis in five independent celiac disease (CD) case-control studies, using a rapid model-free approach to examine over 500 billion SNP pairs in total. We found 20 significant epistatic signals within the HLA region which achieved stringent replication criteria across multiple studies and were independent of known CD risk HLA haplotypes. The strongest independent CD epistatic signal corresponded to genes in the HLA class III region, in particular PRRC2A and GPANK1/C6orf47, which are known to contain variants for non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma and early menopause, co-morbidities of celiac disease. Replicable evidence for epistatic variants outside the MHC was not observed. Both within and between European populations, we observed striking consistency of epistatic models and epistatic model distribution. Within the UK population, models of CD based on both epistatic and additive single-SNP effects increased explained CD variance by approximately 1% over those of single SNPs. Models of only epistatic pairs or additive single-SNPs showed similar levels of CD variance explained, indicating the existence of a substantial overlap of additive and epistatic components. Our findings have implications for the determination of genetic architecture and, by extension, the use of human genetics for validation of therapeutic targets.
Complications After Interventional Sonography of Focal Liver Lesions (2003)

Sonographically guided diagnostic biopsy of focal liver lesions and liver abscess drainage are safe procedures. In contrast, liver tumor ablation procedures have a low but definite risk of mortality and major complications. Puncture of hydatid cysts must be performed only in institutions that can treat anaphylactic shock.
Heat transport in doubly contained uranium storage beds (1988)

Uranium storage beds form part of tritium handling systems and as such are placed in gloveboxes. During typical operating scenarios, these beds can impose significant heat loads on components in their vicinity and on the box in general. Doubly contained beds are an effective method to reduce the delivered heat load. During operations which require intimate contact with ambient box conditions, the annulus can be backfilled with helium. In the designs described, the net heat transport can be increased fivefold from the primary vessel to the box atmosphere.
Inhalation delivery dramatically improves the efficacy of topotecan for the treatment of local and distant lung cancer (2021)

Topotecan is potent anti-cancer drug approved for various malignancies but hematopoietic toxicities undermine its wider application and use of its most effective dose. This study aims to improve these limitations through inhalation-delivery. The pharmacokinetics, efficacy, and toxicity of 2-5 times lower inhalation doses of topotecan dry-powder were compared with the standard intravenous (IV) delivery once/twice-a-week. Human-derived EGFR-mutant (H1975), KRAS-mutant (A549), and EGFR/KRAS wild-type (H358) orthotopic and distant lung tumors were evaluated in murine models. Inhalation of 1 mg/kg topotecan significantly improved the half-life and drug exposure (area under the curve, AUC) compared to 5 mg/kg via IV-delivery. AUCs (h*ng/mL) for inhaled/IV topotecan in plasma, lung, liver, and brain were, 831/888, 60,000/1080, 8380/4000, and 297/15, respectively; while the half-life was also greatly increased in these tissues. The average lung tumor burden of H358-derived tumors was reduced from 15.0 g to 8.4 g (44%) in rats treated once-a-week with 2 mg/kg IV and 1.8 g (88%) with 1 mg/kg inhaled topotecan, corroborating previous findings using A549- and H1975-derived orthotopic lung tumors. Importantly, inhaled topotecan showed superior efficacy in suppressing lung tumors at distant sites. The growth of H1975- and H358-derived subcutaneous xenografts were completely arrested and A549-derived tumors were significantly reduced in mice treated twice-a-week with 1 mg/kg inhaled topotecan compared to a minor (H1975 and H358) or no reduction (A549) with twice-a-week 5 mg/kg IV topotecan.
Peer review: a flawed process at the heart of science and journals (2006)

Peer review is at the heart of the processes of not just medical journals but of all of science. It is the method by which grants are allocated, papers published, academics promoted, and Nobel prizes won. Yet it is hard to define. It has until recently been unstudied. And its defects are easier to identify than its attributes. Yet it shows no sign of going away. Famously, it is compared with democracy: a system full of problems but the least worst we have.

When something is peer reviewed it is in some sense blessed. Even journalists recognize this. When the BMJ published a highly controversial paper that argued that a new `disease', female sexual dysfunction, was in some ways being created by pharmaceutical companies, a friend who is a journalist was very excited—not least because reporting it gave him a chance to get sex onto the front page of a highly respectable but somewhat priggish newspaper (the Financial Times). `But,' the news editor wanted to know, `was this paper peer reviewed?'. The implication was that if it had been it was good enough for the front page and if it had not been it was not. Well, had it been? I had read it much more carefully than I read many papers and had asked the author, who happened to be a journalist, to revise the paper and produce more evidence. But this was not peer review, even though I was a peer of the author and had reviewed the paper. Or was it? (I told my friend that it had not been peer reviewed, but it was too late to pull the story from the front page.)
A comparative study of the effects of ranitidine and cimetidine on carbohydrate tolerance, growth hormone secretion and the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis in man (1986)

The effect of chronic oral administration of cimetidine (1 g per day) and ranitidine (300 mg per day) on plasma levels of prolactin (PRL), testosterone, dihydrotestosterone (DHT), luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) and human growth hormone was compared in 2 groups of male patients who presented with dyspeptic symptoms. Eight were treated with ranitidine and 9 with cimetidine for 4 weeks. The glucose and insulin response to a 100 g oral glucose load was also assessed. Cimetidine treatment resulted in a significant increase in plasma testosterone levels which was not found in the ranitidine group. No significant change occurred in PRL, LH, FSH, SHBG, DHT and growth hormone. There was no evidence of a significant alteration in carbohydrate metabolism.
Reflection-less width-modulated magnonic crystal (2020)

Abstract The interest in artificial magnetic media such as magnonic crystals increased substantially in recent years due to their potential applications in information processing at microwave frequencies. The main features of these crystals are the presence of band gaps in the spin-wave spectra, usually formed due to Bragg reflections of spin-waves on the artificially created periodic structures. Here, we study spin-wave propagation in longitudinally magnetized width- and thickness-modulated yttrium iron garnet waveguides by means of Brillouin light scattering and microwave spectroscopy techniques. It is found that the width modulated crystal does not manifest noticeable Bragg reflections, but still demonstrates a pronounced band gap in its transmission characteristic. The phenomenon can be explained by the destructive interference between different frequency-degenerated spin-wave modes excited by the crystal. Such a reflection-less crystal is promising for future design of multi-element magnonic devices.
USO ETNOBOTÁNICO Y PRINCIPIOS ACTIVOS DE Monnina crassifolia KUNTH; POLYGALACEAE (2020)

Ecuador es uno de los países con mayor diversidad biológica y cultural, la etnobotánica representa una aproximación al uso y manejo de los recursos naturales; los usos medicinales juntamente con el alimenticio juegan un papel primordial en el bienestar de la población rural. Los estudios etnobotánicos ayudan a identificar, cómo se relacionan e influyen las plantas en el desarrollo de las culturas, tal es el caso de la Comunidad de Angochagua en donde se utiliza la medicina ancestral como un modo de vida. El objetivo de esta investigación fue conocer el índice de valor de uso, conocimiento relativo de la especie y el nivel de uso significativo de las especies botánicas en las comunidades de Angochagua, Provincia de Imbabura. Una vez establecida la especie más vulnerable en cuanto a la pérdida del uso ancestral Monnina crassifolia Kunth, se utilizaron técnicas cromatográficas para el aislamiento e identificación de los metabolitos secundarios teniendo como resultado una posible saponina triterpenoídica esterificada con ácido benzoico. Las sustancias aisladas fueron probadas frente a bacterias Gram + y Gram –, al igual que frente a los sistemas enzimáticos MAO-A y MAO-B sin mostrar una actividad biológica significativa.
Bioethanol fermentation of Jerusalem artichoke using mixed culture ofSaccharomyces cerevisiaeandKluyveromyces marxianus (2013)

Effects of mixed cultures of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Levuline FB — higher ethanol tolerance — and different Kluyveromyces strains — higher inulinase activity — on the production of ethanol from Jerusalem artichoke extract were investigated. Among the investigated strains, combination of S. cerevisiae and K. marxianus strain Y00959 with simultaneous saccharification and fermentation gave the best efficiency (76%) of bioconversion. The optimal ratio of mixed cultures was determined to be 1:1 of K. marxianus and S. cerevisiae. Central composite design (CCD) was adapted to find the optimum initial substrate concentration and inoculum size for the maximal production of ethanol from Jerusalem artichoke juice. The optimum fermentation conditions were found to be 24% (m/w) substrate concentration and 45 OD600nm ml/100 ml inoculum size of mixed culture. Use of these conditions, about 10.67% (v/v) was produced at 148 h of alcoholic fermentation given. Results of this work provide benefits of mixed culture on production of bioethanol from Jerusalem artichoke.
Application of Ultraviolet Radiation to Control the Calcium Carbonate Scale Formation and Deposition on the Membranes (2020)

Scale formation on surfaces in contact with water supersaturated with calcium carbonate creates technical problems, including heat transfer hindrance, energy consumption, and equipment shutdown. Thus, nowadays, there is an increasing need for new approaches that are environmentally friendly and economically feasible. In this work, for the first time, calcium carbonate growth was investigated using UV light exposure, and the growth rate was compared with control and commercial antiscalant. Saturated calcium carbonate samples were exposed to UV radiation; the growth rate of calcium carbonate crystals was monitored at different time intervals. Results clearly show that about 85% decrease in crystal growth rate was observed when compared to 43% after the addition of 3 mg/L of amino tris(methylene phosphonic acid) antiscalant. Calcium carbonate scale deposition on hydrophobic and hydrophilic membranes was investigated. The amount of scale deposited in the case of a UV-treated sample is insignificant when compared to control samples. Thus, the exposure of UV might help to improve the membranes’ lifetime. X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy analyses revealed that UV light treatment produced mostly calcite crystals. The produced calcites are less dense and less adherent, and it can be easily removable when compared to other types of calcium carbonate phases. Thus, UV radiation is an efficient green approach for calcium carbonate scale mitigation on membrane surfaces.
Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometry in Atmospheric and Trace Gas Analysis (2000)

Abstract Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometry is the dominant technique used to measure the infrared (IR) absorption and emission spectra of most materials, with substantial advantages in signal‐to‐noise ratio (S/N), resolution, speed and detection limits over conventional dispersive spectroscopy. In this application, FTIR spectrometry is used to measure the trace gas composition of the atmosphere. Applications to both clean and polluted air are described. Techniques include measurements over open paths in situ, sampling and measurement in closed cells in the field or laboratory and, briefly, remote sensing using the sun, sky or natural hot objects as an IR radiation source. The techniques are applicable to a very wide range of compounds, including labile or reactive species, and all species are measured simultaneously. Detection limits vary with the application but are typically of the order of parts per billion (nmol mol −1 ) in air.
Application-level programming (2002)

The use of a declarative language, called Dura, designed to support application-level programming is illustrated by distributed avionics system. The authors show how the language is used to describe the application, its components and structure; how the run-time executive provides support for fault-tolerance by reconfiguration of the application; and how an interactive interface to the executive supports debugging and monitoring of the application.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Computational Measurement of Steric Effects:  the Size of Organic Substituents Computed by Ligand Repulsive Energies (1999)

Ligand repulsive energies, ER, have been demonstrated to provide reliable steric parameters for ligands in organometallic systems. ER values have now been computed for 167 different organic substituents. Three different fragments were employed for the calculation of the ligand repulsive energies: CH3, CH2COOH, and Cr(CO)5 . All compounds were modeled using molecular mechanics. Two different force fields were employed: Allinger's MMP2 and Rappé's Universal Force Field (UFF). Both molecular dynamics and stochastic mechanics were used to determine the lowest energy conformer for each species. Steric sizes were compared against standard steric measures in organic chemistry: Taft−Dubois steric parameter, E‘S, A-values, cone angles, θ, and solid angles, ΩS. Good correlations between ER and the model-based steric measures (θ and ΩS) were found. Experimental-based measures, E‘S and A-values, showed a mix of steric and electronic effects. On the basis of these correlations, the use of CH3, CH2COOH, and Cr(CO)5 fragments for steric size quantification was critically examined.
Distilling nanoscale heterogeneity of amorphous silicon using tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (TERS) via multiresolution manifold learning (2021)

Abstract Accurately identifying the local structural heterogeneity of complex, disordered amorphous materials such as amorphous silicon is crucial for accelerating technology development. However, short-range atomic ordering quantification and nanoscale spatial resolution over a large area on a-Si have remained major challenges and practically unexplored. We resolve phonon vibrational modes of a-Si at a lateral resolution of &lt;60 nm by tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy. To project the high dimensional TERS imaging to a two-dimensional manifold space and categorize amorphous silicon structure, we developed a multiresolution manifold learning algorithm. It allows for quantifying average Si-Si distortion angle and the strain free energy at nanoscale without a human-specified physical threshold. The multiresolution feature of the multiresolution manifold learning allows for distilling local defects of ultra-low abundance (&lt; 0.3%), presenting a new Raman mode at finer resolution grids. This work promises a general paradigm of resolving nanoscale structural heterogeneity and updating domain knowledge for highly disordered materials.
Increased Swelling Complications Associated With Off-Label Usage of rhBMP-2 in the Anterior Cervical Spine (2006)

Off-label use of rhBMP-2 in the anterior cervical spine is associated with an increased rate of clinically relevant swelling events.
IGSTK: An Open Source Software Toolkit for Image-Guided Surgery (2006)

Image-guided surgery applies leading-edge technology and clinical practices to provide better quality of life to patients who can benefit from minimally invasive procedures. Reliable software is a critical component of image-guided surgical applications, yet costly expertise and technology infrastructure barriers hamper current research and commercialization efforts in this area. IGSTK applies the open source development and delivery model to this problem. Agile and component-based software engineering principles reduce the costs and risks associated with adopting this new technology, resulting in a safe, inexpensive, robust, shareable, and reusable software infrastructure.
Evidence that the epidermal targets of carcinogen action are found in the interfollicular epidermis of infundibulum as well as in the hair follicles. (2000)

Actively cycling, transit-amplifying cells and quiescent cells including stem cells are found in the layer of the epidermis and hair follicles. To determine the origin of skin tumors, we completely removed the interfollicular epidermis of carcinogen-initiated mice by an abrasion technique known to leave the hair follicles undisturbed. The interfollicular epidermis of the abraded mice quickly regenerated from cells in the hair follicles, after which time tumor promotion was begun. Mice in which the interfollicular epidermis had been removed developed papillomas and carcinomas; however, the number of papillomas throughout 40 weeks was half that of the unabraded mice. Carcinoma responses were not significantly different in the abraded and unabraded groups. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that the targets of tumor initiation are stem cells found in the hair follicles and, to a lesser degree, in the interfollicular epidermis.
Chemical sputtering of fluorinated silicon (1981)

Sputtering can be defined as the process whereby particles leave the surface as a direct consequence of the presence of incident radiation. When particles leave the surface as a result of receiving momentum from the collision cascade induced by the incident radiation, the process is called "physical sputtering." If the incoming radiation (ions, electrons, or photons) induces a chemical reaction which leads to the subsequent desorption of particles, the process could be classified as "chemical sputtering." There are a number of molecules such as C${\mathrm{H}}_{4}$, C${\mathrm{F}}_{4}$, C${\mathrm{F}}_{3}$H, C${\mathrm{F}}_{3}$Cl, etc., whose binding energy to a large variety of surfaces is believed to be only a few kcal/mole. Therefore, these molecules will not remain adsorbed at room temperature. Consequently, if they are generated from surface atoms by radiation-induced processes, they will almost immediately desorb into the gas phase. This process is one type of chemical sputtering. Recent data obtained in plasma environments suggest that this type of reaction is a widely occurring phenomena; however, few systematic quantitative investigations of the subject have been completed. As a prototype system the chemical sputtering of silicon and Si${\mathrm{O}}_{2}$ under argon-ion bombardment in the presence of a molecular beam of Xe${\mathrm{F}}_{2}$ has been investigated. Under these conditions, 25 or more silicon atoms can leave the surface per incident argon ion. About 75% of the silicon is emitted as Si${\mathrm{F}}_{4}$ (gas) and the rest leaves as silicon atoms or $\mathrm{Si}{\mathrm{F}}_{x}$ radicals. The total yield (silicon plus fluorine) is greater than 100 atoms/ion. The measured yields are a strong function of Xe${\mathrm{F}}_{2}$ flux and a much weaker function of ion energy in the range 500-5000 eV. The chemical-sputtering yield for Si${\mathrm{O}}_{2}$ is smaller than that of silicon by about an order of magnitude, but it is still larger than the physical-sputtering yield. Moreover, Si${\mathrm{O}}_{2}$ is also sputtered by electrons. These results indicate that the incident radiation induces a chemical reaction between silicon and adsorbed fluorine which produces Si${\mathrm{F}}_{4}$, and the Si${\mathrm{F}}_{4}$ is subsequently desorbed into the gas phase. We define this process as chemical sputtering. The large yields are probably a consequence of weak binding between the surface and the Si${\mathrm{F}}_{4}$ molecule.