gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
15.4: Improvement of Brightness and Resolution of CRT Projection Lens for High Definition TV (2000)

Abstract A new projection lens for high definition TV has been developed. The lens is designed to correct color aberration with diffractive optical element (DOE) and to realize the large numerical aperture (NA) lens. We have been able to improve the optical performance and brightness significantly without increasing the number of elements. The new projection lens has high brightness, high resolution and low manufacturing cost. This paper describes the design and fabrication of the hybrid projection lens with DOE for 56‐inch high definition CRT projection TV.
Isolation and preparation of colonies grown on soft agar for ultrastructural investigation (1983)

SUMMARY Preparation of cell colonies grown on soft agar for electron microscopic examination is tedious. Mechanical damage to cells can occur during the process of colony removal. A procedure which permits rapid colony removal and preserves the integrity of the individual colony for ultrastructural examinations is described in this paper.
Development of a quad rotor tail-sitter VTOL UAV without control surfaces and experimental verification (2013)

This paper presents development of a quad rotor tail-sitter VTOL UAV (Vertical Takeoff and Landing Unmanned Aerial Vehicle) which is composed of four rotors and a fixed wing. The conventional VTOL UAVs have a drawback in the accuracy of the attitude control in stationary hovering because they were developed based on a fixed-wing aircraft and they used the control surfaces, such as aileron, elevator, and rudder for the attitude control. To overcome such a drawback, we developed a quad rotor tail-sitter VTOL UAV. The quad rotor tail-sitter VTOL UAV realizes high accuracy in the attitude control with four rotors like a quad rotor helicopter and achieves level flight like a fixed-wing airplane. The remarkable characteristic of the developed quad rotor tail-sitter VTOL UAV is that it does not use any control surfaces even in the level flight. This paper shows the design concept of the developed UAV and experimental verification of all flight modes including hovering, transition flight and level flight.
Lifetime Extension of RF MEMS Direct Contact Switches in Hot Switching Operations by Ball Grid Array Dimple Design (2007)

Direct contact RF microelectromechanical systems switches have demonstrated excellent ultrawideband performance from dc to 100 GHz. However, they are prone to failures due to contact adhesion and arcing, particularly for pure-gold/pure-gold contacts. In this letter, we present a new contact design employing ball grid array (BGA) dimples that limit the effective contact area to a few tens of nanometers in diameter. We experimentally show the performance of the BGA dimple with pure-gold/pure-gold contacts and demonstrate RF power handling greater than 1 W during hot switching in excess of 100 million cycles
Auto Tuning Method in Field-Orientation-Controlled Induction Motor for Traction System (2021)

In inertial load drive applications, such as railway traction system and electric vehicles, a feed-forward current control mode is applied, which employs a single pulse mode of inverters in a wide speed range. Tuning both the primary and secondary motor parameters is essential for sophisticated torque control in the feed-forward current control mode. In this study, an auto tuning method focusing on both the primary and secondary motor parameters is developed for more precise torque control in the feed-forward current control region. The proposed method is characterized by the primary angular frequency dependency of the PI compensator voltage. The proposed method is verified via simulation and a small-scale model experiment with a 0.75kW induction motor with an inertial load.
GSK3Beta and LEF1 in regenerating young skeletal muscle following downhill running (2013)

The role of Wnt signaling during skeletal muscle repair has been studied using artificial models of muscle injury. Downhill running (DHR) is a physiological muscle injury model that involves a systems approach and is ideal when investigating sources of muscle repair. Purpose The objective of this study was to determine if DHR affects Wnt signaling. Methods C57BL/J6 male mice (3 mo) were exposed to either DHR or normal cage activity. The gastrocnemius was excised at 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6 days post‐DHR. Gene (qRT‐PCR) and protein (western blot) expression of Wnt signaling components and GSK3□ (total and active) were measured. Results Muscle injury increased from baseline 0.4% to 1.4% at 3D, and 5D, and to 2.2% at 6D post‐DHR. M‐Cadherin protein increased from baseline (20.1%) to 54.7% at 3D through 5D (67.2%) post‐DHR. Total GSK3β protein decreased from baseline to 2D (3 fold), 3D (6 fold), 4D (3 fold) and 6D (3 fold) post‐DHR. GSK3βpY216 protein decreased from baseline to 2D (2.2 fold), 3D (3.7 fold), 4D (1.8 fold) and 6D (2.2 fold) post‐DHR. LEF1 protein increased from baseline to 5D and 6D (5 fold) post‐DHR. Conclusions In this study, DHR induced Wnt signaling activation. This physiological model provides insight into the complex role of Wnt signaling in skeletal muscle regeneration, which could be clinically important in treating skeletal muscle dysfunctions.
CONTROL OF LEPIDOPTERAN PESTS ON CABBAGE WITH SELECTIVE INSECTICIDES, 1999 (2000)

1999: Rotations of selective insecticides can provide a viable strategy to provide effective control while conserving natural enemies and reducing selection for resistence. This trial was conducted on two sets of 3 beds, 240 ft long on 6 ft centers and separated by a 15 ft drive. These beds were prepared by incorporating 800 lb/acre 5-16-8 NPK, fumigating with 300 lb/acre of 67/33% methyl bromide/chloropicrin, laying a single drip-tape irrigation line with 12-inch emitter spacing and covering with a white-face polyethylene mulch. Greenhouse-grown cabbage seedlings were transplanted on 2 Mar in a single row at 18-inch spacing and fertigated with a 8-0-8 mixture to provide a total of 150 lbs N and K/acre for the growing season. The middle bed in each set was left untreated to serve as inoculum source of the target pests. The remaining 4 rows were considered as a replicate and divided into 8 plots 30 ft long to which treatments were assigned in a RCB. Plants were sprayed with Bravo 720 at 1.5 pt/acre after transplanting for disease control. Plants (N = 25 per replicate) were checked for the presence of target pests on 12 Apr and treatments initiated after an average of 2.0 DBM larva/plant was observed. All treatments were sprayed on 13, 20, 27 Apr and 4, 11 May at a rate of 33 gpa using a high clearance sprayer equipped with 3 yellow hollow cone Albuz ceramic nozzles/row, 1 overhead and 1 on each side, operating at 200 psi of pressure except for SpinTor which was not sprayed on 4 and 11 May. Evaluations were made on 19, 26 Apr and 3, 11 May on 10 randomly selected plants/plot, counting DBM, CSCW and CL larvae in 3 size categories: ? 1/4 inch long = small, > 1/4 ? 1/2 inch long = medium, and >= 1/2 inch long = large. A quantitative foliar damage rating was also made on a 0-5 scale: 0 = no damage, 1 = 0-1 % minor feeding on outer leaves, 2 = 2-5 % leaf damage, no head damage, 3 = 6-10 % leaf area eaten, minor feeding on head, 4 = 11-30 % leaf damage with moderate feeding on head and 5 = >30 % leaf damage and numerous feeding scars on head. On 16 May, the 12 largest heads per treatment were harvested and graded for marketability based on amount of insect damage. "Fancy" had no more than 1% insect damage to wrapper leaves and no damage to the head. "Standard" had between 2% and 10% damage to wrapper leaves and no damage to head. Damaged heads were counted as "Unmarketable." Means were separated by Fisher's LSD contingent on a significant F value obtained by analysis of variance.
Thresholding noise-free ordered mean filter based on Dempster-Shafer theory for image restoration (2006)

This work proposes a new decision-based filter, the thresholding noise-free ordered mean (TNOM) filter based on the Dempster-Shafer (D-S) evidence theory, to preserve more details of images than can other decision-based filters, while effectively suppressing impulse noise. The new filter mechanism is composed of an efficient D-S impulse detector and a noise filter that works by estimating the central noise-free ordered mean (CNOM) value. The D-S evidence theory provides a way to deal with the uncertainty in the evidence and information fusion. Pieces of evidence are extracted, and the mass functions defined using the local information in the filter window. Then, the decision rule is applied to determine whether noise exists, according to the final combined belief value. If a pixel is detected to be a corrupted pixel, then the proposed filter will be triggered to replace it. Otherwise, the pixel is kept unchanged. With respect to the noise suppression of noise on both fixed-valued and random-valued impulses without smearing the fine details in the image, extensive simulation results reveal that the proposed scheme significantly outperforms other decision-based filters.
Real‐time assessment of surgical margins during radical prostatectomy: a novel approach that uses fluorescence confocal microscopy for the evaluation of peri‐prostatic soft tissue (2020)

Marco Sandri has a temporary contract as a statistics consultant for MAVIG GmBH.
Incremental Contributions of FbaA and Other Impetigo-Associated Surface Proteins to Fitness and Virulence of a Classical Group A Streptococcal Skin Strain (2017)

Group A streptococci (GAS) are highly prevalent human pathogens whose primary ecological niche is the superficial epithelial layers of the throat and/or skin. Many GAS strains with a strong tendency to cause pharyngitis are distinct from strains that tend to cause impetigo; thus, genetic differences between them may confer host tissue-specific virulence. In this study, the FbaA surface protein gene was found to be present in most skin specialist strains but largely absent from a genetically related subset of pharyngitis isolates. In an Δ<i>fbaA</i> mutant constructed in the impetigo strain Alab49, loss of FbaA resulted in a slight but significant decrease in GAS fitness in a humanized mouse model of impetigo; the Δ<i>fbaA</i> mutant also exhibited decreased survival in whole human blood due to phagocytosis. In assays with highly sensitive outcome measures, Alab49ΔfbaA was compared to other isogenic mutants lacking virulence genes known to be disproportionately associated with classical skin strains. FbaA and PAM (i.e., the M53 protein) had additive effects in promoting GAS survival in whole blood. The pilus adhesin tip protein Cpa promoted Alab49 survival in whole blood and appears to fully account for the antiphagocytic effect attributable to pili. The finding that numerous skin strain-associated virulence factors make slight but significant contributions to virulence underscores the incremental contributions to fitness of individual surface protein genes and the multifactorial nature of GAS-host interactions.
STUDY OF ADAPTIVE PRESSURE ESTIMATION (2006)

Purpose of study. The effective control of blood pressure is critical for the physiological control of a left ventricular assist device (LVAD). This work is to study the estimation error of an adaptive estimation algorithm in the presence of variations of total peripheral resistance, heart variables, and aortic capacitance. Methods used. A linear state space model is derived to approximate the response of human circulatory system with LVAD support. Based on this model, an adaptive algorithm has been developed to estimate the average aortic pressure. Different scenarios are simulated in Matlab and mock circulatory loop to test the performance of the adaptive algorithm. Summarize results. The adaptive estimator tracks the aortic pressure in the presence of large variation of total peripheral resistance within a couple of mmHg. The estimation error (True aortic pressure - estimated aortic pressure) is positively correlated with heart rate, but negatively correlated with the pulsation of flow, the systole vs. diastole ratio, the ratio of left ventricular flow to total flow (illustrated in Fig. 1), and the compliance of aorta. Result of this study can be utilized for the control of long term LVAD, or used for non-invasive evaluation of left ventricular function and aortic compliance.Figure
Carrier Frequency Component Method for Position Sensorless Control of IPM Motor in Lower Speed Range (2000)

The Carrier Frequency Component Voltage (CFCV) of a PWM inverter supplying an Interior Permanent Magnet (IPM) motor is used as the rotor position information source. Mathematical expressions relating the rotor position to the CFCV and the corresponding Carrier Frequency Component Current (CFCC) in the motor stator phases are developed. In the lower speed range (up to about 50% of the rated speed) the rotor position has been obtained from the measurement of the CFCC only and has been used to control an IPM motor. The motor speed has been controlled successfully starting from zero speed with excellent performance. Experimental results are presented and discussed. The method is very simple and requires only a few additional electrical components.
Geology of Rum Cay, Bahamas: A Field Trip Guide (2008)

See other Smith authored Field Trip Guides of Gerace Research Centre.
High energy 2-micron solid-state laser transmitter for NASA's airborne CO2 measurements (2017)

A 2-micron pulsed, Integrated Path Differential Absorption (IPDA) lidar instrument for ground and airborne atmospheric CO<sub>2</sub> concentration measurements via direct detection method is being developed at NASA Langley Research Center. This instrument will provide an alternate approach to measure atmospheric CO<sub>2</sub> concentrations with significant advantages. A high energy pulsed approach provides high precision measurement capability by having high signal-to-noise level and unambiguously eliminates the contamination from aerosols and clouds that can bias the IPDA measurement.
Stability identification for grid-connected inverters with LCL filters considering grid-voltage feedforward regulator (2017)

This paper identifies stable resonance frequency range for grid-connected inverter with Grid-Voltage Feedforward Regulator (GVFR). Beginning with the current loop stability analysis without GVFR, system poles distribution is analytically studied in z-domain, the critical frequency is therefore calculated as well as the control gain limit. Then, this paper reveals the GVFR would change the system stability in the weak power system, two frequency boundaries and three typical resonance frequency ranges are identified and compared. System poles distribution shows that GVFR can offer damping effects when resonance frequency is below ωs/3, in contrast, over which GVFR will destabilize the system. The theoretical analysis is validated by experimental tests based on a laboratory-scale prototype.
Analysis of Graph Searching Algorithms for Route Planning in Inland Navigation (2015)

Route planning is one of the core functionalities of modern navigational systems also in inland waters. There is a possibility of at least partial automation of this process with the use of graph searching algorithms. Main problem here is to create a graph based on nautical spatial data. The paper presents research on examining dif-ferent graph searching methods for inland waters. The concept of using combined approach for vector and ras-ter data is given, followed by research results for raster data.
Personalizing ASR for Dysarthric and Accented Speech with Limited Data (2019)

Automatic speech recognition (ASR) systems have dramatically improved over the last few years. ASR systems are most often trained from 'typical' speech, which means that underrepresented groups don't experience the same level of improvement. In this paper, we present and evaluate finetuning techniques to improve ASR for users with non-standard speech. We focus on two types of non-standard speech: speech from people with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and accented speech. We train personalized models that achieve 62% and 35% relative WER improvement on these two groups, bringing the absolute WER for ALS speakers, on a test set of message bank phrases, down to 10% for mild dysarthria and 20% for more serious dysarthria. We show that 71% of the improvement comes from only 5 minutes of training data. Finetuning a particular subset of layers (with many fewer parameters) often gives better results than finetuning the entire model. This is the first step towards building state of the art ASR models for dysarthric speech.
Virtual factory - highly interactive visualisation for manufacturing (2003)

Funded by the Agency for Science Technology and Research - A*STAR $Singapore, CAMTech is collaborating with a Singaporean research institute and two industry partners with the objective to improve electronics assembly processes. The goal of this project is to visualise the behaviour of an electronics assembly industry based on discrete event simulation. The traditional scenario - from the customer placing order for a product to delivery - goes through various phases including manufacturing the product. Several major electronics manufacturing stages can be addressed: fabrication, assembly, testing, and packing. Each of these stages accounts for set up, process, failure, and wait time periods. A delay in one process will accumulate over to the future delays. To simulate the discrete events a general-purpose simulation system has been employed. For modelling and visualisation CASUS (Computer Animation of Simulation Traces) system has been used and refined developed by Fraunhofer Institute for Computer Graphics (Fraunhofer-IGD).
Long Term Bone Remodeling Around the Charnley Femoral Prostheses (1996)

Femoral bone remodeling after total hip replacement was studied by following patients who received 326 Charnley femoral prostheses for 10 to 20 years (mean, 13.3 years). The radiographic state of the bone remodeling was visually assessed and measured with a digitizer. Demineralization that started proximally and then progressed distally caused cortical thinning, which correlated with widening of the intramedullary canal, not with changes that developed in the periosteal width, and occurred in the medial femoral neck, around the proximal half of the stem, and around the distal half in 87%, 33%, and 10%, respectively. Cortical thinning around the distal half of the stem was always accompanied by proximal thinning, and extensive cortical thinning (both proximal and distal) correlated with both lower clinical scores and radiologic loosening of the femoral prosthesis. A low canal flare index of Noble, a large canal width, and a patient age of 60 years or more were risk factors for extensive cortical thinning. Accelerated polyethylene wear was related to resorption of the medial femoral neck but not to cortical thinning or radiological loosening. Cortical thickening occurred only around the distal half of the stem in 29%. These findings establish a basis for the performance of cemented femoral prostheses, and allow comparison of bone remodeling when evaluating other femoral prostheses.
Mitochondrial density determines the cellular sensitivity to cisplatin-induced cell death (2005)

We studied the relationship between the mitochondrial density in the cells and the cellular sensitivity to the toxicity of cis-diaminedichloroplatinum II (cisplatin), a potent anticancer agent. Biochemical analyses revealed that the density of mitochondria in the intestinal epithelium changed markedly along its entire length. The density was the highest at the duodenum, medium at the jejunum, and the lowest at the ileum. The sensitivity of epithelial cells to cisplatin toxicity was the highest at the duodenum, medium at the jejunum, and the lowest at the ileum as judged from the occurrence of apoptosis. Similar correlation between the cisplatin sensitivity and mitochondrial density was also observed with in vitro experiments, in which intestinal epithelial cells (IEC-6) and their rho0 cells with reduced number of mitochondria were used. The rho0 cells had a strong resistance to cisplatin compared with the control cells. Cisplatin markedly increased mitochondrial generation of reactive oxygen species in IEC-6 but not in rho0 cells. We analyzed the sensitivity of eight cell lines with different density of mitochondria to cisplatin and found the same positive correlation. These observations clearly show that cellular density of mitochondria is the key factor for the determination of the anticancer activity and side effects of cisplatin.
Intelligent Video Systems and Analytics: A Survey (2013)

Recent technology and market trends have demanded the significant need for feasible solutions to video/camera systems and analytics. This paper provides a comprehensive account on theory and application of intelligent video systems and analytics. It highlights the video system architectures, tasks, and related analytic methods. It clearly demonstrates that the importance of the role that intelligent video systems and analytics play can be found in a variety of domains such as transportation and surveillance. Research directions are outlined with a focus on what is essential to achieve the goals of intelligent video systems and analytics.
Gut-derived bacterial flagellin induces beta-cell inflammation and dysfunction (2021)

Abstract Objective Hyperglycemia and type 2 diabetes (T2D) are caused by failure of pancreatic beta cells. The role of the gut microbiota in T2D has been studied but causal links remain enigmatic. Design Obese individuals with or without T2D were included from two independent Dutch cohorts. Human data was translated in vitro and in vivo by using pancreatic islets from C57BL6/J mice and by injecting flagellin into obese mice. Results Flagellin is part of the bacterial locomotor appendage flagellum, present on gut bacteria including Enterobacteriaceae, which we show to be more abundant in the gut of individuals with T2D. Subsequently, flagellin induces a pro-inflammatory response in pancreatic islets mediated by the Toll-like receptor (TLR)-5 expressed on resident islet macrophages. This inflammatory response associated with beta-cell dysfunction, characterized by reduced insulin gene expression, impaired proinsulin processing and stress-induced insulin hypersecretion in vitro and in vivo in mice. Conclusion We postulate that increased systemically disseminated flagellin in T2D is a contributing factor to beta cell failure in time and represents a novel therapeutic target. Graphical abstract
Cosmovisión Inca: nuevos enfoques y viejos problemas (2010)

[ES]En esta tesis se considera el caso de la cosmovisión inca. Ésta contiene aspectos muy peculiares, casi únicos, que ningún otro grupo humano presenta o ha presentado a lo largo de su historia como tales.&#13;\nHechos como la forma que tomó el culto a los antepasados del inca, el dios-gobernante, casi llega al absurdo y entrañaba una crisis intrínseca del imperio según algunos especialistas. A medida que los incas muertos aumentaban en número, la tenencia de la tierra y la producción social tendrían&#13;\nque colapsar.&#13;\nAunque las ideas sobre los gobernantes muertos pudieron ser semejantes a muchas otras culturas, hubo aspectos más superficiales, prácticamente únicos e irrepetibles en la historia.