gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Functional Genomic Analysis of Remyelination Reveals Importance of Inflammation in Oligodendrocyte Regeneration (2021)

Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha), a proinflammatory cytokine, was shown previously to promote remyelination and oligodendrocyte precursor proliferation in a murine model for demyelination and remyelination. We used Affymetrix microarrays in this study to identify (1) changes in gene expression that accompany demyelination versus remyelination and (2) changes in gene expression during the successful remyelination of wild-type mice versus the unsuccessful attempts in mice lacking TNFalpha. Alterations in inflammatory genes represented the most prominent changes, with major histocompatibility complex (MHC) genes dramatically enhanced in microglia and astrocytes during demyelination, remyelination, and as a consequence of TNFalpha stimulation. Studies to examine the roles of these genes in remyelination were then performed using mice lacking specific genes identified by the microarray. Analysis of MHC-II-null mice showed delayed remyelination and regeneration of oligodendrocytes, whereas removal of MHC-I had little effect. These data point to the induction of MHC-II by TNFalpha as an important regulatory event in remyelination and emphasize the active inflammatory response in regeneration after pathology in the brain.
Multiple intra‐familial transmission patterns of hepatitis B virus genotype D in north‐eastern Egypt (2012)

The transmission rate of intra-familial hepatitis B virus (HBV) and mode of transmission were investigated in north eastern Egypt. HBV infection was investigated serologically and confirmed by molecular evolutionary analysis in family members (N = 230) of 55 chronic hepatitis B carriers (index cases). Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and hepatitis B core antibody (anti-HBc) prevalence was 12.2% and 23% among family members, respectively. HBsAg carriers were prevalent in the age groups; <10 (16.2%) and 21-30 years (23.3%). The prevalence of HBsAg was significantly higher in the family members of females (19.2%) than males (8.6%) index cases (P = 0.031). HBsAg and anti-HBc seropositive rates were higher significantly in the offspring of females (23%, 29.8%) than those of the males index cases (4.3%, 9.8%) (P = 0.001, 0.003), as well as higher in the offspring of an infected mother (26.5, 31.8%) than those of an infected father (4.7%, 10.5%) (P = 0.0006, 0.009). No significant difference was found in HBsAg seropositive rates between vaccinated (10.6%) and unvaccinated family members (14.8%). Phylogenetic analysis of the preS2 and S regions of HBV genome showed that the HBV isolates were of subgenotype D1 in nine index cases and 14 family members. HBV familial transmission was confirmed in five of six families with three transmission patterns; maternal, paternal, and sexual. It is concluded that multiple intra-familial transmission routes of HBV genotype D were determined; including maternal, paternal and horizontal. Universal HBV vaccination should be modified by including the first dose at birth with (HBIG) administration to the newborn of mothers infected with HBV.
Percutaneous versus surgical closure of secundum atrial septal defects: a systematic review and meta-analysis of currently available clinical evidence (2011)

The largest cohort to date of patients with secundum ASD shows that treatment by a percutaneous approach has a significantly lower rate of either total or major early postprocedural complications compared to surgery.
High energy, high repetition rate, tunable Er-Yb-codoped Q-switched fibre laser (2001)

Summary form only given. High energy, Q-switched pulses with high average power and low M/sup 2/ value at eye-safe wavelength (1.55 /spl mu/m) are of particular interest for many technological applications e.g. nonlinear frequency conversion, LIDAR. The maximum extractable energy from a single mode fibre is, however limited to /spl sim/10 /spl mu/J due to small cross-sectional area of standard single-mode cores. In this paper we described a high energy, ytterbium sensitised erbium doped, Q-switched, double-clad (DC) fibre laser. The laser is tunable from 1537 nm to 1570 nm with a M/sup 2/ value of <1.05. More than 95% of the total output power was preferentially polarised in one transverse direction and about 65 /spl mu/J of energy per pulse can be extracted from this laser at a repetition rate of 10 kHz.
A fully stabilized scheme for dispersion management (2000)

Summary form only given. The use of the dispersion management (DM) for improving the soliton-based mode of data transmission in nonlinear optical fibers has recently attracted a great deal of attention. While DM helps to suppress a number of negative effects in the soliton-transmission mode e.g. the Gordon-Haus jitter, sufficient suppression of the soliton's jitter and interactions (both inside each channel and between the channels, in the case of the WDM regime) is not possible without guiding filters. Therefore, considerable effort has been made to theoretically study a joint effect of DM and filters on the soliton propagation. Although the combination of DM with the filters may produce quite good results, it does not resolve all the problems. In particular, in a lumped model, which treats the periodically inserted filters as discrete objects, an instability is possible if the amplification-filtering and DM periods coincide, and the location of the filters inside a DM cell is chosen in a wrong way. We propose a model that provides for fully stable propagation of the DM solitons. The stabilizing element is an additional lossy core, which is linearly coupled to the main soliton-bearing one.
Family Care Responsibilities and Employment (2012)

This study compared work–family and family–work conflict for employed family caregivers with disability-related care responsibilities in contrast to employed family caregivers with typical care responsibilities. Using data from the 2002 National Study of the Changing Workforce, a population-based survey of the U.S. workforce, formal and informal workplace supports of employees with disability-related family care were compared with those of employees with typical family care responsibilities. Results reveal that family caregivers with disability-related family care responsibilities face higher levels of both types of conflict, have lower incomes, and receive fewer informal supports compared with family caregivers with typical care responsibilities. In future studies of a diverse workforce, exceptional care responsibilities need to be conceptualized differently than typical care. Efforts are also needed to address the supports within the workplace and community that do assist family caregivers with exceptional care responsibilities maintain their employment and manage their complex care.
Self-similar Singularity of a 1D Model for the 3D Axisymmetric Euler Equations (2014)

We investigate the self-similar singularity of a 1D model for the 3D axisymmetric Euler equations, which is motivated by a particular singularity formation scenario observed in numerical computation. We prove the existence of a discrete family of self-similar profiles for this model and analyze their far-field properties. The self-similar profiles we find agree with direct simulation of the model and seem to have some stability.
Data-Driven Control of Unknown Systems: A Linear Programming Approach (2020)

We consider the problem of discounted optimal state-feedback regulation for general unknown deterministic discrete-time systems. It is well known that open-loop instability of systems, non-quadratic cost functions and complex nonlinear dynamics, as well as the on-policy behavior of many reinforcement learning (RL) algorithms, make the design of model-free optimal adaptive controllers a challenging task. We depart from commonly used least-squares and neural network approximation methods in conventional model-free control theory, and propose a novel family of data-driven optimization algorithms based on linear programming, off-policy Q-learning and randomized experience replay. We develop both policy iteration (PI) and value iteration (VI) methods to compute an approximate optimal feedback controller with high precision and without the knowledge of a system model and stage cost function. Simulation studies confirm the effectiveness of the proposed methods.
Using changes in hydrostatic and osmotic pressure to manipulate metabolic function in chondrocytes (2011)

Articular cartilage has distinct histological depth zones. In each zone, chondrocytes are subject to different hydrostatic (HP) and osmotic pressure (OP) due to weight-bearing and joint-loading. Previous in vitro studies of regeneration and pathophysiology in cartilage have failed to consider the characteristics of histological heterogeneity and the effects of combinations of changes in HP and OP. Thus, we have constructed molecular, biochemical, and histological profiles of anabolic and catabolic molecules produced by chondrocytes from each depth zone isolated from bovine articular cartilage in response to changes in HP and OP. We cultured the chondrocytes with combinations of loading or off-loading of HP at 0-0.5 MPa, 0.5 Hz, and changes in OP of 300-450 mosM over 1 wk, and evaluated mRNA expression and immunohistology of both anabolic and catabolic molecules and amounts of accumulated sulfated glycosaminoglycan. Any changes in HP and OP upregulated mRNA of anabolic and catabolic molecules in surface-, middle-, and deep-zone cells, in descending order of magnitude. Off-loading HP maintained the anabolic and reduced the catabolic mRNA; high OP retained upregulation of catabolic mRNA. These molecular profiles were consistent with immunohistological and biochemical findings. Changes in HP and OP are essential for simulating chondrocyte physiology and useful for manipulating phenotypes.
Complexity Reduction: theory, metrics and applications (2007)

Generalized Galois lattices formalism for computing contextual categorization allows metrics to evaluate complexity and efficiency as well as methods for simplifying or complicating the external object at hand. Such methods are adapted for virtual environments and augmented reality devices for which it is simple to change the distribution of features over categories. For real world objects, and human operators that operate on them, the online computation allows a survey of the complexity level and a "simplify it first" planning of operations.
BDNFVal66Met moderates memory impairment, hippocampal function and tau in preclinical autosomal dominant Alzheimer’s disease (2016)

SEE ROGAEVA AND SCHMITT-ULMS DOI101093/AWW201 FOR A SCIENTIFIC COMMENTARY ON THIS ARTICLE: The brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) Val66Met polymorphism is implicated in synaptic excitation and neuronal integrity, and has previously been shown to moderate amyloid-β-related memory decline and hippocampal atrophy in preclinical sporadic Alzheimer's disease. However, the effect of BDNF in autosomal dominant Alzheimer's disease is unknown. We aimed to determine the effect of BDNF Val66Met on cognitive function, hippocampal function, tau and amyloid-β in preclinical autosomal dominant Alzheimer's disease. We explored effects of apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4 on these relationships. The Dominantly Inherited Alzheimer Network conducted clinical, neuropsychological, genetic, biomarker and neuroimaging measures at baseline in 131 mutation non-carriers and 143 preclinical autosomal dominant Alzheimer's disease mutation carriers on average 12 years before clinical symptom onset. BDNF genotype data were obtained for mutation carriers (95 Val<sub>66</sub> homozygotes, 48 Met<sub>66</sub> carriers). Among preclinical mutation carriers, Met<sub>66</sub> carriers had worse memory performance, lower hippocampal glucose metabolism and increased levels of cerebrospinal fluid tau and phosphorylated tau (p-tau) than Val<sub>66</sub> homozygotes. Cortical amyloid-β and cerebrospinal fluid amyloid-β<sub>42</sub> levels were significantly different from non-carriers but did not differ between preclinical mutation carrier Val<sub>66</sub> homozygotes and Met<sub>66</sub> carriers. There was an effect of APOE on amyloid-β levels, but not cognitive function, glucose metabolism or tau. As in sporadic Alzheimer's disease, the deleterious effects of amyloid-β on memory, hippocampal function, and tau in preclinical autosomal dominant Alzheimer's disease mutation carriers are greater in Met<sub>66</sub> carriers. To date, this is the only genetic factor found to moderate downstream effects of amyloid-β in autosomal dominant Alzheimer's disease.
Brucella antigens--old dogmas, new concepts. (1994)

A brief review is given on concepts regarding Brucella antigens, principally the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and O-polysaccharide but also, to a minor extent, proteins and lipids. Although these views were reported years ago in the literature and became widely accepted at the time, many have since been disproven with results that have led to exciting new avenues of research and application. Where gaps, contradictions and anecdotal observations suggest that the current understanding of Brucella is limited, the author has commented on possible explanations.
Proteolytic processing of Semliki Forest virus-specific non-structural polyprotein (1991)

The processing and stability of the non-structural (ns) proteins of Semliki Forest virus were studied in vivo. Virus-specific proteins from infected cells were identified by immunoprecipitation with monospecific antisera. The complete ns precursor, P1234, translated within 7 to 9 min of the start of translation, was processed before the completion of translation into P123 and nsP4. Pulse-chase experiments showed that the mature ns proteins were relatively stable for at least 2 h. Interestingly, the decrease in the amount of the P34 precursor during chase is accompanied by an increase only in the amount of nsP3, which could explain the observed lower amount of nsP4 in infected cells. In cells infected with SFV RNA- mutants ts4 and ts6 maintained at the restrictive temperature, nsP4 but no nsP1, nsP2 or nsP3 accumulated in addition to the ns precursor proteins P1234, P123, P12 and P34. Translation in vitro of mRNAs from a cDNA clone, encoding P1234 with a deletion in the carboxy-terminal proteinase domain of nsP2, did not yield nsP1, nsP2 or nsP3 but only nsP4, indicating that cleavage at the nsP3/4 sites is independent. Evidently, nsP4 is produced by a nascent cleavage of the growing P1234, catalysed by its own proteinase activity; the proteolytic cleavages at the nsP1/2 and nsP2/3 sites are catalysed by the proteinase moiety of nsP2.
Hydrothermal pretreatment of dewatered sewage sludge: Effects of process conditions on carbon and phosphorus fate and methane production (2022)

Abstract The effect of hydrothermal pretreatment (HTP) of dewatered sewage sludge (DSS) under optimized hydrothermal conditions and the fate of carbon and phosphorus (P) during anaerobic digestion (AD) of hydrochar and process water were studied. The results showed that the methane yield reached 241 mL CH 4 /g COD when the hydrothermal conditions were 200°C-2 h-10% (A4), which was 78.28% higher than that without hydrothermal pretreatment (A0) and 29.62% higher than that of unoptimized A1 (140°C-1 h-5%). Protein, polysaccharides, and volatile fatty acids (VFAs) were the main hydrothermal products of DSS, and polysaccharides were first absorbed and utilized by microorganisms. By 3D-EEM analysis, tyrosine, tryptophan proteins, and fulvic acids decreased after HTP, but the content of humic acid-like substances increased, and this phenomenon was more obvious after AD. A lag phase in protein degradation occurred during AD while polysaccharides are degraded first. The solid-organic P is converted into liquid-P in the hydrothermal process, and non-apatite inorganic P is converted to organic P during AD. A lower methane production rate occurred in the early AD, suggesting that the inoculum needed some time to adapt to the substrate. Microbial analysis showed that the composition of the microbial community of anaerobic degradation was different due to the various organic components.
Mp1p Is a Virulence Factor in Talaromyces (Penicillium) marneffei (2016)

Mp1p is a key virulence factor of T. marneffei. Mp1p mediates virulence by improving the survival of T. marneffei in macrophages.
Apical CFTR Expression in Human Nasal Epithelium Correlates with Lung Disease in Cystic Fibrosis (2013)

CFTR expression in nasal epithelial cells is lower in subjects with CF compared to healthy subjects. The proportion of cells expressing F508del-CFTR at the apical membrane is variable between subjects and is positively correlated with FEV1% in F508del-CFTR homozygous subjects.
Barriers to and Facilitators of Compliance with Clinic-Based Cervical Cancer Screening: Population-Based Cohort Study of Women Aged 23-60 Years (2015)

Time and travel costs and other direct non-medical costs for clinic-based screening can be considerable, may affect the cost-effectiveness of a screening program, and may constitute barriers to screening while HPV knowledge may facilitate compliance with screening.
Immunological response of polysaccharide nanogel-incorporating PEG hydrogels in anin vivodiabetic model (2022)

Cell-based therapies hold significant advantages in comparison with the traditional drug-based or injection-based treatments. However, for long-term functional cellular implants, immune acceptance must be established. To accomplish the acceptance of the implanted cells, various biomaterial systems have been studied. Nanogels have shown great potential for modulation of cellular microenvironments, acting as a physical barrier between the immune system and the implant. However, internalization of nano-scale materials by implanted cells is not desirable and is yet to be overcome. In this study, we incorporated acrylate modified cholesterol-bearing pullulan (CHPOA) nanogels into poly (ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEGDA) hydrogels through covalent crosslinking, where we used visible light-induced photopolymerization. We characterized morphology and swelling properties of CHPOA incorporated PEG composite hydrogels using FE-SEM and gravimetric analysis. Also, we investigated the biocompatibility properties of composite hydrogels <i>in vivo</i>, where we used both healthy and diabetic mice. We induced diabetes in mice using a low dose streptozotocin (STZ) injections and implanted composite hydrogels in both diabetic and healthy mice through subcutaneous route. Immune cell infiltration of the retrieved tissue was examined through histological analysis, where we observed minimum immune response levels of 0-2 rareness, according to ISO standard of biological evaluation of medical devices. Our observation suggests that the composite hydrogel developed here can be used to introduce nanostructured domains into bulk hydrogels and that this system has potential to be used as immunologically acceptable composite material in cellular therapy without internalization of nanoparticles.
AI Based Automatic Robbery/Theft Detection using Smart Surveillance in Banks (2019)

Deep learning is the segment of artificial intelligence which is involved with imitating the learning approach that human beings utilize to get some different types of knowledge. Analyzing videos, a part of deep learning is one of the most basic problems of computer vision and multi-media content analysis for at least 20 years. The job is very challenging as the video contains a lot of information with large differences and difficulties. Human supervision is still required in all surveillance systems. New advancement in computer vision which are observed as an important trend in video surveillance leads to dramatic efficiency gains. We propose a CCTV based theft detection along with tracking of thieves. We use image processing to detect theft and motion of thieves in CCTV footage, without the use of sensors. This system concentrates on object detection. The security personnel can be notified about the suspicious individual committing burglary using Real-time analysis of the movement of any human from CCTV footage and thus gives a chance to avert the same.
A review of active distribution networks enabling technologies (2010)

High levels of distributed generation have been installed in power systems and even a greater amount is expected to be deployed in the near future, with a large percentage likely to come from renewable energy sources. As such, Distribution System Operators (DNOs) will need to change their old “business as usual” passive approach, to one that adopts integration of control and communication technologies, together with emerging distribution network technologies, as a means of accommodating new generation in an optimal and economical manner. This paper presents a review of some of the impacts associated with the integration of distributed generation, together with some active distribution networks enabling technologies, intended to deal with the aforementioned problems. In particular, the present review focuses on technologies that are in advanced stages of Research and Development, or are even at the trial stage or are commercially available. However, further analyses are required in order to develop cheaper and more secure means to the increasing Distributed Generation connections.
Аденозиновый рецептор A2Aкак лекарственная мишень для терапии сепсиса (2016)

Sepsis is a generalized infection accompanied by response of the body that manifests in a clinical and laboratory syndrome, namely, in the systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) from the organism to the infection. Although sepsis is a widespread and life-threatening disease, the assortment of drugs for its treatment is mostly limited by antibiotics. Therefore, the search for new cellular targets for drug therapy of sepsis is an urgent task of modern medicine and pharmacology. One of the most promising targets is the adenosine A(2A) receptor (A(2A)AR). The activation of this receptor, which is mediated by extracellular adenosine, manifests in almost all types of immune cells (lymphocytes, monocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells) and results in reducing the severity of inflammation and reperfusion injury in various tissues. The activation of adenosine A(2A) receptor inhibits the proliferation of T cells and production of proinflammatory cytokines, which contributes to the activation of the synthesis of anti-inflammatory cytokines, thereby suppressing the systemic response. For this reason, various selective A(2A)AR agonists and antagonists may be considered to be drug candidates for sepsis pharmacotherapy. Nevertheless, they remain only efficient ligands and objects of pre-clinical and clinical trials. This review examines the molecular mechanisms of inflammatory response in sepsis and the structure and functions of A(2A)AR and its role in the pathogenesis of sepsis, as well as examples of using agonists and antagonists of this receptor for the treatment of SIRS and sepsis.
Cross-Partition Protocols in a Distributed File Service (2001)

distributed file system, distributed namespace, fault tolerance, Storage Area Network (SAN) A number of ongoing research projects follow a partition-based approach in order to achieve high scalability for access to the distributed storage service. These systems maintain a namespace that references objects distributed across multiple locations in the system. Typically, atomic commitment protocols (e.g., 2-phase commit) are used for updating the namespace, in order to guarantee its consistency even in the presence of failures. Atomic commitment protocols are known to impose a high overhead to failure-free execution. In addition, they use conservative recovery processes and may considerably restrict the concurrency of overlapping operations in the system.