gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Shallow Anatomy of the San Ramón Fault (Chile) Constrained by Geophysical Methods: Implications for its Role in the Andean Deformation (2020)

Abstract The San Ramón Fault (SRF) runs for 30 km along the western flank of the Andes in front of the city of Santiago, Chile (33.5°S). Geological studies have highlighted the SRF role in the Neogene uplift of the Andes at this latitude, but the fault geometry at depth is not well constrained. Here we infer the structure of the sedimentary cover and bedrock up to a depth of 500 m along the SRF by integrating gravimetric, electrical resistivity, seismic, and magnetic methods. In a section crossing the central segment of the SRF, lateral variations in P wave velocity models indicate that the sedimentary cover is more deformed close to SRF scarps, while coincident low‐density and low‐resistivity zones suggest that the presence of two depocenters in the sedimentary cover below the SRF scarps. Gravimetric profiles distributed along the entire trace of the SRF show the same configuration of two depocenters, but the geometry of these depocenters is complex and varies along strike. Our findings suggest that the bedrock and sediments deformation along the SRF exhibit a complex geometry, which can be explained by the interplay of reverse and strike‐slip movements during the late Cenozoic. Based on our results, the distribution of crustal seismicity and shortening rates interpreted across the Andes, we estimated that SRF deformation represents 5–20% of the whole Andean shortening for the last 4 Ma. Using empirical length scales for crustal seismicity, this deformation pattern is consistent with a maximum earthquake magnitude in the range of 6.0–6.5 Mw.
Reconfigurable band-notched UWB antenna for cognitive radio applications (2016)

A compact reconfigurable band-notched UWB antenna is presented in this paper. The antenna has a partial ground plane with a rectangular slot to achieve the desired bandwidth for UWB from 3.1GHz to 12GHz. The antenna has a single band-notch frequency which is achieved using a switched U-shaped slot, inserted in the radiating patch. This slot is used to decrease interference with WIMAX applications from 3.3GHz to 3.9GHz. The switching reconfiguration of the proposed antenna is achieved through two ideal switches. The antenna inhibits two modes of operation, which result from controlling the switch on/off. The proposed antenna has VSWR <; 2, except the WIMAX band, as desirable. The proposed antenna design has been fabricated and tested. Measurement results show very good agreement with simulation results.
Trust Region Based Adversarial Attack on Neural Networks (2019)

Deep Neural Networks are quite vulnerable to adversarial perturbations. Current state-of-the-art adversarial attack methods typically require very time consuming hyper-parameter tuning, or require many iterations to solve an optimization based adversarial attack. To address this problem, we present a new family of trust region based adversarial attacks, with the goal of computing adversarial perturbations efficiently. We propose several attacks based on variants of the trust region optimization method. We test the proposed methods on Cifar-10 and ImageNet datasets using several different models including AlexNet, ResNet-50, VGG-16, and DenseNet-121 models. Our methods achieve comparable results with the Carlini-Wagner (CW) attack, but with significant speed up of up to 37×, for the VGG-16 model on a Titan Xp GPU. For the case of ResNet-50 on ImageNet, we can bring down its classification accuracy to less than 0.1% with at most 1.5% relative L <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">∞</sub> (or L <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> ) perturbation requiring only 1.02 seconds as compared to 27.04 seconds for the CW attack. We have open sourced our method which can be accessed at [1].
The increased risk for thromboembolism pre-cystectomy in patients undergoing neoadjuvant chemotherapy for muscle-invasive urinary bladder cancer is mainly due to central venous access: a multicenter evaluation (2019)

There is a significantly increased risk for TEE pre-cystectomy during chemotherapy administration in MIBC patients receiving NAC, compared to the risk in NAC-naïve NAC-eligible MIBC patients. In 64% of the pre-RC TEEs in NAC patients, there was a clinical connection to placement of central venous access.
High-power III-Nitride Integrated Microwave Switch with capacitively-coupled contacts (2007)

We fabricated novel monolithically integrated microwave switch using AlGaN/GaN heterojunction field-effect transistors (HFET) without ohmic contacts. All three electrodes: source, gate and drain, formed by capacitively coupled contacts (C3) to the 2D channel. The C3HFETs do not require annealed contacts and hence can be fabricated using alignment-free technology. This makes them ideally suitable for microwave ICs. C <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> HFETs have much higher RF switching powers. In the frequency range 1...10 GHz the switch IC shows -1 dB insertion loss, the isolation -30 dB and the switching powers +39 dBm (limited by the available RF power source).
The Chemistry of C2‐Symmetric Bis(sulfoxides): A New Approach in Asymmetric Synthesis (2003)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
ChemInform Abstract: Towards Highly Active and Robust Alkyne Metathesis Catalysts: Recent Developments in Catalyst Design (2011)

Abstract Review: 29 refs.
The Mitotic Checkpoint in Cancer Therapy (2005)

The mitotic checkpoint is a key cell cycle control mechanism that ensures an accurate segregation of chromosomes during mitosis by delaying the onset of anaphase until all chromosomes are properly attached to a bipolar mitotic spindle. While complete loss of this checkpoint is lethal in vertebrates, a weakened mitotic checkpoint is frequently seen in cancer cells and it may contribute to tumorigenesis. Many anti-tumor drugs, including spindle assembly inhibitors and DNA damaging agents, can activate the mitotic checkpoint. However, since these drugs influence interphase events besides activating the mitotic checkpoint, the role of the mitotic checkpoint in drug-induced cell death remained unclear. Using a KSP antagonist that specifically acts on mitotic cells, we have recently shown that activation of the mitotic checkpoint followed by mitotic slippage or adaptation, activates Bax and initiates apoptosis. Notably, cells with a weakened mitotic checkpoint incur much less apoptotic death than their checkpoint-proficient counterparts, indicating the requirement of a competent mitotic checkpoint in the induction of apoptosis. In light of these findings and other recent reports, the potential influence of the mitotic checkpoint in response to chemotherapies, and the strategy to target the mitotic checkpoint for cancer therapeutics are discussed.
A VHDL primer (1995)

1. Introduction. What Is VHDL? History. Capabilities. Hardware Abstraction. 2. A Tutorial. Basic Terminology. Entity Declaration. Architecture Body. Configuration Declaration. Package Declaration. Package Body. Model Analysis. Simulation. 3. Basic Language Elements. Identifiers. Data Objects. Data Types. Operators. 4. Behavioral Modeling. Entity Declaration. Architecture Body. Process Statement. Variable Assignment Statement. Signal Assignment Statement. Wait Statement. If Statement. Case Statement. Null Statement. Loop Statement. Exit Statement. Next Statement. Assertion Statement. Report Statement. More on Signal Assignment Statement. Other Sequential Statements. Multiple Processes. Postponed Processes. 5. Dataflow Modeling. Concurrent Signal Assignment Statement. Concurrent versus Sequential Signal Assignment. Delta Delay Revisited. Multiple Drivers. Conditional Signal Assignment Statement. Selected Signal Assignment Statement. The UNAFFECTED Value. Block Statement. Concurrent Assertion Statement. Value of a Signal. 6. Structural Modeling. An Example. Component Declaration. Component Instantiation. Other Examples. Resolving Signal Values. 7. Generics and Configurations. Generics. Why Configurations? Configuration Specification. Configuration Declaration. Default Rules. Conversion Functions. Direct Instantiation. Incremental Binding. 8. Subprograms and Overloading. Subprograms. Subprogram Overloading. Operator Overloading. Signatures. Default Values for Parameters. 9. Packages and Libraries. Package Declaration. Package Body. Design File. Design Libraries. Order of Analysis. Implicit Visibility. Explicit Visibility. 10. Advanced Features. Entity Statements. Generate Statements. Aliases. Qualified Expressions. Type Conversions. Guarded Signals. Attributes. Aggregate Targets. More on Block Statements. Shared Variables. Groups. More on Ports. 11. Model Simulation. Simulation. Writing a Test Bench. Converting Real and Integer to Time. Dumping Results into a Text File. Reading Vectors from a Text File. A Test Bench Example. Initializing a Memory. Variable File Names. 12. Hardware Modeling Examples. Modeling Entity Interfaces. Modeling Simple Elements. Different Styles of Modeling. Modeling Regular Structures. Modeling Delays. Modeling Conditional Operations. Modeling Synchronous Logic. State Machine Modeling. Interacting State Machines. Modeling a Moore FSM. Modeling a Mealy FSM. A Generic Priority Encoder. A Simplified Blackjack Program. A Clock Divider. A Generic Binary Multiplier. A Pulse Counter. A Barrel Shifter. Hierarchy in Design. Appendix A: Predefined Environment. Reserved Words. Package STANDARD. Package TEXTIO. Appendix B: Syntax Reference. Conventions. The Syntax. Appendix C: A Package Example. The Package ATT_MVL. Appendix D: Summary of Changes. VHDL-93 Features. Portability from VHDL-87. Appendix E: The STD_LOGIC_1164 Package. Package STD_LOGIC_1164. Appendix F: An Utility Package. Package UTILS_PKG. Bibliography. Index.
Transfer matrices for one-dimensional potentials (1983)

The one-dimensional Schrödinger equation can be written as a first-order multicomponent equation by considering ψ and dψ/dx, or combinations thereof, as independent variables. A potential barrier is then represented by a matrix belonging to one of the homomorphic groups SU(1,1), SO(2,1), Sp(2,R), or SL(2,R). The relationship between these groups is clarified. In various applications, one of them may turn out more convenient than others. In particular, SO(2,1), which is obtained by using as a basis some bilinear combinations of ψ and dψ/dx, leads to remarkable results: The Schrödinger wavefunction is represented by a trajectory on a unit hyperboloid; a periodic potential corresponds to a pseudorotation around a fixed axis; a random potential gives a random walk on the hyperboloid. This method can also be used to calculate bound states (in potential wells) and may have many other interesting applications.
Hydrogen Bonding Behavior of Amide-Functionalized α-Diimine Palladium Complexes (2014)

A class of (N,N′-diaryl-α-diimine)Pd complexes bearing amide substituents on the N-aryl rings is described. Hydrogen bonding interactions involving the amide groups influence the structures, isomer distributions, and ligand coordination behavior of these compounds. The amide-functionalized α-diimine ligands (2,6-iPr2-Ph)N═CMeCMe═N(2-C(═O)NMe2-6-iPr-Ph) (4a), (2,6-iPr2-Ph)N═CMeCMe═N(2,6-(C(═O)NMe2)2-Ph) (4b), and (2-C(═O)NMe2-6-iPr-Ph)N═CMeCMe═N(2-C(═O)NMe2-6-iPr-Ph) (4c) were prepared by condensation reactions of 2,3-butanedione and the appropriate anilines. The attempted preparation of (2,6-iPr2-Ph)N═CMeCMe═N(2-C(═O)NHMe-6-iPr-Ph) (4d) yielded the corresponding 1,2-dihydroquinazolinone derivative 4d′ formed by nucleophilic attack of the amide nitrogen at the proximal imine carbon. 4a and 4b react with (cod)PdMeCl to yield square planar (α-diimine)PdMeCl complexes 5a,a′ and 5b,b′, respectively, which exist as two isomers that differ in the orientation (trans/cis) of the Pd–Me ligand and the amide-substituted arylimine unit. 4c reacts with (MeCN)2PdCl2 and (cod)PdMeCl to yield (4c)PdCl2 (6c-anti,syn) and (4c)PdMeCl (5c-anti,syn), which exhibit anti/syn isomerism due to hindered rotation of the Caryl–N bonds. In the solid state, the amide oxygen atoms in 6c-anti and 5c-syn engage in hydrogen bonding with cocrystallized CH2Cl2 solvent molecules. 4d′ reacts with (MeCN)2PdCl2 via ring-opening metalation to afford the α-diimine complex (4d)PdCl2 (6d). Transmetalation of 6d with SnMe4 yields (4d)PdMeCl (5d,d′) as a mixture of trans and cis isomers. The reaction of 5d,d′ with AgOAc yields (4d)PdMe(OAc) (7d) as a single isomer in which the Pd–Me group is trans to the amide-functionalized arylimine unit. 5d, 6d, and 7d exhibit intramolecular N–H···Cl and N–H···O hydrogen bonding interactions involving the amide NH units. The reactions of 5a,a′, 5c-anti, and 5d,d′ with AgSbF6 in the presence of pyrazole yield the corresponding (α-diimine)PdMe(pz)+SbF6– salts (8a,c,d; pz = pyrazole), which exhibit an intramolecular hydrogen bond between the amide oxygen and the pyrazole NH unit. 8a,c,d undergo partial dissociation of pyrazole in CD3CN solution to generate the corresponding CD3CN complexes 9a,c,d. The non-hydrogen-bonded complex {(2,6-iPr2-Ph)N═CMeCMe═N(2,6-iPr2-Ph)}PdMe(pz)+SbF6– (8e) and its pyrazole dissociation product {(2,6-iPr2-Ph)N═CMeCMe═N(2,6-iPr2-Ph)}PdMe(CD3CN)+SbF6– (9e) were generated in a similar fashion. The pyrazole dissociation constants, Keq = [(α-diimine)PdMe(CD3CN)+] × [pz] × [(α-diimine)PdMe(pz)+]−1, vary in the order 8e > 8d > 8a > 8c, span more than 2 orders of magnitude, and reflect the enhancement of pyrazole binding in 8a,c,d by amide–pyrazole hydrogen bonding. The intramolecular hydrogen bonding in 8c strengthens pyrazole binding by a factor of ca. 120 (i.e., ΔΔG = 2.8(1) kcal mol–1) relative to the case of 8e.
Catalysed low temperature H2 release from nitrogen heterocycles (2006)

In an experimental and computational study, nitrogen- and oxygen-containing heterocycles were compared with carbocycles as liquid substrates for hydrogen release with heterogeneous catalysts. Heteroatom substitution, particularly by nitrogen, favours low temperature H2 release; indoline was fully dehydrogenated in less than 30 min with Pd/C at 110 °C.
Real-time x-ray diffraction of metastable phases during solidification from the undercooled LuFeO3 melt by two-dimensional detector at 1 kHz (2012)

In-situ identification of metastable phases formed from the undercooled LuFeO3 melt under controlled oxygen partial pressure Po2 was studied by x-ray diffraction measurements at a synchrotron radiation source. Real-time observation of the formation and growth of individual phases during the single recalescence of Lu3Fe2O7 and LuFe2O4 phases at Po2 of 1 × 103 Pa has been revealed by a high speed imaging system at 1 kHz. The obtained diffraction pattern of the metastable phase in the LuFeO3 system was consistent with that of the metastable and stable phases reported in the Lu-Fe-O system.
Adult Stromal Cells Derived from Human Adipose Tissue Provoke Pancreatic Cancer Cell Death both In Vitro and In Vivo (2009)

Background: Normal tissue homeostasis is maintained by dynamic interactions between epithelial cells and their microenvironment. Disrupting this homeostasis can induce aberrant cell proliferation, adhesion, function and migration that might promote malignant behavior. Indeed, aberrant stromal-epithelial interactions contribute to pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) spread and metastasis, and this raises the possibility that novel stroma-targeted therapies represent additional approaches for combating this malignant disease. The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of human stromal cells derived from adipose tissue (ADSC) on pancreatic tumor cell proliferation. Principal Findings: Co-culturing pancreatic tumor cells with ADSC and ADSC-conditioned medium sampled from different donors inhibited cancer cell viability and proliferation. ADSC-mediated inhibitory effect was further extended to other epithelial cancer-derived cell lines (liver, colon, prostate). ADSC conditioned medium induced cancer cell necrosis following G1-phase arrest, without evidence of apoptosis. In vivo, a single intra-tumoral injection of ADSC in a model of pancreatic adenocarcinoma induced a strong and long-lasting inhibition of tumor growth. Conclusion: These data indicate that ADSC strongly inhibit PDAC proliferation, both in vitro and in vivo and induce tumor cell death by altering cell cycle progression. Therefore, ADSC may constitute a potential cell-based therapeutic alternative
El último neandertal (2008)

Nuevos hallazgos arqueologicos en Espana y Francia demuestran que el nivel de desarrollo alcanzado por los neandertales era superior de lo que se creia. Antes de extinguirse, nuestros parientes prehistoricos mas cercanos coexistieron con los humanos modernos. ?Que sucedio para que una especie sobreviviera y la otra no?
A Case Report of Guillain-Barre Syndrome Induced by Transcatheter Chemoembolization after Percutaneous Transhepatic Portal Embolization Analyzed by Cytokines (2004)

経皮的経肝門脈枝塞栓術 (以下, PTPE) は, 主に, 肝細胞癌や肝門部胆管癌, 胆嚢癌などの肝胆道系悪性腫瘍に対する拡大肝切除術術前処置としてもはや疑いの無いところであるが, その反面合併症などが少なからず存在し, 今回PTPEおよび肝動脈化学塞栓療法 (TACE) 施行後にギランバレー症候群を発症した症例を経験したので報告する. 症例は68歳の男性, 慢性肝炎 (C型) で経過観察中, 拡大右葉切除予定でPTPE施行するも肝機能不良にて手術施行せずTACE施行. その後, 感冒様症状を呈した後, ギラン-バレー症候群を発症した. この症例を詳細に検討した結果, IL-6の過剰な反応が見られ, 何らかの免疫反応異常の可能性が示唆された.PTPEおよびTACE施行後に肝梗塞が生じた場合, の侵襲の大きさから予期せぬ合併症が生ずることがあり, PTPE後のTACEは適応を選び慎重に行う必要があると考えられる.
Jak3 Selectively Regulates Bax and Bcl-2 Expression To Promote T-Cell Development (2001)

Jak3-deficient mice display vastly reduced numbers of lymphoid cells. Thymocytes and peripheral T cells from Jak3-deficient mice have a high apoptotic index, suggesting that Jak3 provides survival signals. Here we report that Jak3 regulates T lymphopoiesis at least in part through its selective regulation of Bax and Bcl-2. Jak3-deficient thymocytes express elevated levels of Bax and reduced levels of Bcl-2 relative to those in wild-type littermates. Notably, up-regulation of Bax in Jak3-deficient T cells is physiologically relevant, as Jak3 Bax double-null mice have marked increases in thymocyte and peripheral T-cell numbers. Rescue of T lymphopoiesis by Bax loss was selective, as mice deficient in Jak3 plus p53 or in Jak3 plus Fas remained lymphopenic. However, Bax loss failed to restore proper ratios of peripheral CD4/CD8 T cells, which are abnormally high in Jak3-null mice. Transplantation into Jak3-deficient mice of Jak3-null bone marrow transduced with a Bcl-2-expressing retrovirus also improved peripheral T-cell numbers and restored the ratio of peripheral CD4/CD8 T cells to wild-type levels. The data support the concepts that Jak kinases regulate cell survival through their selective and cell context-dependent regulation of pro- and antiapoptotic Bcl-2 family proteins and that Bax and Bcl-2 play distinct roles in T-cell development.
Canola response to boron and nitrogen grown on the southeastern coastal plain1 (1993)

Abstract Canola has the potential for production in a doublecropping system in the southeastern Coastal Plain, but little information is known about its fertility reguirements when grown in this region. This two‐year field study was conducted to determine the effect of boron (B) and nitrogen (N) on canola growth and yield. Nine combinations of five N rates ranging from 45 to 225 kg/ha, with and without 1.68 kg B/ha, were evaluated at Blackville SC, on a Plinthic Paleudult. Canola plants receiving foliar B had a 6.5% higher yield than those receiving no B for the combined 1990 and 1991 data. Compared to plants which received no B, whole plant tissue analysis at beginning bloom detected a 50% higher B concentration for plants receiving B application 25 days earlier. Seed yield was affected by N rate both years, and there was a significant year by N interaction. In 1990 yields increased as the N rate increased, whereas in 1991 yields peaked at 135 kg/ha N and declined at higher N rates. These data suggest that, on a typical Coastal Plain soil, canola will respond to the application of foliar B, and requires approximately 135 kg N/ha.
Intercluster Reactions Resulting in Silver-Rich Trimetallic Nanoclusters (2019)

Herein, we present an intercluster reaction leading to new trimetallic nanoclusters (NCs) using bimetallic and monometallic NCs as reactants. Dithiol protected bimetallic MAg28(BDT)12(PPh3)4 (BDT = 1,3-benzenedithiol and M = Ni, Pd, or Pt) and monothiol protected Au25(PET)18 (PET = 2-phenylethanethiol) were used as model NCs. A mixture of trimetallic MAuxAg28–x(BDT)12(PPh3)4 (x = 1–12) and bimetallic AgxAu25–x(PET)18 (x = 1–7) NCs were formed during the reaction as understood from time-dependent electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI MS). Detailed studies of intercluster reaction between Ag29(BDT)12(PPh3)4 and Au25(PET)18 were also performed. Although both MAg28(BDT)12(PPh3)4 (M = Ag, Ni, Pd, or Pt) and Au25(PET)18 contain 13 atoms icosahedral core, only a maximum of 12 Au doped NCs were formed for the former as a major product and not the 13 Au doped one, unlike the previous reports of intercluster reaction. The transfer of Ni, Pd, or Pt atom from the center of icosahedron of MAg28(BDT)12(PPh3)4 to Au25(PET)18 was not observed, which suggests that the central atom is not involved in the reaction. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations were performed to know structures and properties of the formed NCs. This study demonstrates the use of intercluster reaction as an effective synthetic protocol to make multimetallic alloy NCs.
A collision cross-section database of singly-charged peptide ions (2007)

A database of ion-neutral collision cross-sections for singly-charged peptide ions is presented. The peptides included in the database were generated by enzymatic digestion of known proteins using three different enzymes, resulting in peptides that differ in terms of amino acid composition as well as N-terminal and C-terminal residues. The ion-neutral collision cross-sections were measured using ion mobility (IM) spectrometry that is directly coupled to a time-of-flight (TOF) mass spectrometer. The ions were formed by a matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI) ion source operated at pressures (He bath gas) of 2 to 3 torr. The majority (63%) of the peptide ion collision cross-sections correlate well with structures that are best described as charge-solvated globules, but a significant number of the peptide ions exhibit collision cross-sections that are significantly larger or smaller than the average, globular mobility-mass correlation. Of the peptide ions having larger than average collision cross-sections, approximately 71% are derived from trypsin digestion (C-terminal Arg or Lys residues) and most of the peptide ions that have smaller (than globular) collision cross-sections are derived from pepsin digestion (90%).