gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Is Melanin a Radioprotector or Radiosensitizer? It's Implication for Radiotherapy (2003)

It continues to be debated whether melanins are photoprotecting or photosensitizing in human skin cells. Epidemiologic studies have demonstrated that dark-skinned people are much less susceptible than Caucasians to ultraviolet (UV)-induced skin damage including both non-melanoma and melanoma skin cancer. On the other hand, melanin, its intermediates and precursors can generate reactive-oxygen species when irradiated with UV irradiation and have been shown to be effective photosensitizers. 
The last decade has witnessed a renewed and unprecedented impetus in melanin research that has significantly expanded our knowledge of this field. Melanin is a highly irregular heteropolymer consisting of monomeric units derived from the enzymatic oxidation of the amino acid tyrosine. There are two distinct types of melanin, eumelanin and pheomelanin. Now, it is proved that eumelanins are the main photoprotective pigment in the epidermis and pheomelanins are phototoxic upon irradiation. 
The same situation is also true for ionizing radiation that eumelanin not only possesses radiation protective effect but also contains photoprotective ability. Since malignant melanoma is resistant to radiation therapy, therapeutic strategies targeted to the melanogenesis of eumelanin may have potential benefit for the radiation therapy of malignant melanoma.
Efficient VLSI implementation of modulo (2/sup n/±1) addition and multiplication (2003)

New VLSI circuit architectures for addition and multiplication modulo (2/sup n/-1) and (2/sup n/+1) are proposed that allow the implementation of highly efficient combinational and pipelined circuits for modular arithmetic. It is shown that the parallel-prefix adder architecture is well suited to realize fast end-around-carry adders used for modulo addition. Existing modulo multiplier architectures are improved for higher speed and regularity. These allow the use of common multiplier speed-up techniques like Wallace-tree addition and Booth recoding, resulting in the fastest known modulo multipliers. Finally, a high-performance modulo multiplier-adder for the IDEA block cipher is presented. The resulting circuits are compared qualitatively and quantitatively, i.e., in a standard-cell technology, with existing solutions and ordinary integer adders and multipliers.
Non-destructive image sensor (1980)

New imaging device characterized by non-destructive read-out operation is discussed theoretically concentrating on an optical sensing process and a read-out process. The light information is continuously stored in this imaging device even during the read-out process. It has been demonstrated theoretically that the stored voltage is almost independent of the storage capacitance due to the existence of the floating n <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">+</sup> p contact and that the read-out voltage is almost independent of the bit line capacitance. The new imaging device has excellent features such as non-destructive characteristic, high sensitivity and wide dynamic range.
Improvement of Nickel Metal Hydride Battery with Non-foam Nickel Electrode for Hybrid Electric Vehicles Applications (2006)

For improving the cycle performance of the positive electrode of Ni-MH battery using Ni-coated three-dimensional sheet with lower cost than a conventional Ni-foam, the effect of decreasing the amount of binder was examined by mechanical strength and electrochemical measurements. The results indicated that the electrode using the mixture of 1 wt% styrene maleic acid (SMA) and 1 wt% polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) had the same peeling strength as the electrode using 2 wt% SMA only, and made it possible to decrease the omission of active material to 0 in the bending test. Furthermore, by changing the thickener from CMC to xanthan gum (XG) with a three-dimensional structure and good stability in alkaline solution, the total amount of the binder in the positive electrode could be decreased from 2.2 wt% to 1.3 wt%. And the battery using this electrode showed higher discharge rate and better low temperature performance than that using the electrode with CMC. By using this new composition of binder, the power density of the battery was improved from 480 W/kg to 980 W/kg. In the HEV-mode cycle test at 45°C, the capacity of the cell remained at more than 80% of the initial value even after 50000 cycles (corresponding to a mileage of 200,000 km).
Correlates of Obsessive–Compulsive Disorder in a Sample of HIV-Positive, Methamphetamine-using Men Who have Sex with Men (2010)

Substance use has been identified as a risk factor for elevated levels of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). This study examined methamphetamine use and sexual risk behaviors as correlates of OCD in a sample of 245 HIV-positive men having sex with men (MSM) in San Diego, CA. In a logistic regression analysis, OCD was associated with greater frequency of methamphetamine use, more depressive symptoms, seeking out risky venues and risky sexual partners when "high" on methamphetamine, and reporting fewer sex acts in the past 2 months. These data suggest the need for increased awareness and understanding of the role that OCD may play in the drug use behaviors and risky sexual practices of methamphetamine users.
Identification of an anti-inflammatory potential of Eriodictyon angustifolium compounds in human gingival fibroblasts (2016)

Polyphenol-rich plant extracts have been shown to possess anti-inflammatory activity against oral pathogen-induced cytokine release in model systems of inflammation. Here, it was hypothesized that a flavanone-rich extract of E. angustifolium exhibits an anti-inflammatory potential against endotoxin-induced inflammatory response in human gingival fibroblasts (HGF-1). HGF-1 cells were stimulated with lipopolysaccharide from Porphyromonas gingivalis (pg-LPS) to release pro-inflammatory cytokines. Concentrations of interleukins IL-6 and IL-8 and macrophage chemoattractant protein-1 in the incubation media upon stimulation were determined by means of magnetic bead analysis. A crude ethanol/water extract of E. angustifolium (EE) was fractionated via gel permeation chromatography into a flavanone-rich fraction (FF) and an erionic acid-rich fraction (EF). Individual flavanones and erionic acids as well as EE, EF and FF were tested in the pg-LPS-stimulated HGF-1 cells for their anti-inflammatory potential. The E. angustifolium extract possessed anti-inflammatory potential in this model system, attenuating the pg-LPS-induced release of IL-6 by up to 52.0 ± 15.5%. Of the individual flavanones, eriodictyol and naringenin had the most pronounced effect. However, a mixture of the flavanones did not possess the same effect as the entire flavanoid fraction, indicating that other compounds may contribute to the anti-inflammatory potential of E. angustifolium. For the first time, an anti-inflammatory potential of E. angustifolium and containing erionic acids has been determined.
The incidence of hypoglycaemia in Muslim patients with type 2 diabetes treated with sitagliptin or a sulphonylurea during Ramadan: a randomised trial (2011)

Aims: To compare the incidence of symptomatic hypoglycaemia in fasting Muslim patients with type 2 diabetes treated with sitagliptin or a sulphonylurea during Ramadan. Methods: Patients with type 2 diabetes (age ≥ 18 years) who were treated with a stable dose of a sulphonylurea with or without metformin for at least 3 months prior to screening, who had an HbA1c < 10% and who expressed their intention to daytime fast during Ramadan were eligible for this open-label study. Patients were randomised in a 1 : 1 ratio to either switch to sitagliptin 100 mg qd or to remain on their prestudy sulphonylurea. Patients completed daily diary cards to document information on hypoglycaemic symptoms and complications. The primary end-point was the overall incidence of symptomatic hypoglycaemia recorded during Ramadan. Results: Of the 1066 patients randomised, 1021 (n = 507 for sitagliptin and n = 514 for sulphonylurea) returned at least one completed diary card and were included in the analysis. The proportion of patients who recorded one or more symptomatic hypoglycaemic events during Ramadan was lower in the sitagliptin group (6.7%) compared with the sulphonylurea group (13.2%). The risk of symptomatic hypoglycaemia was significantly decreased with sitagliptin relative to sulphonylurea treatment (Mantel–Haenszel relative risk ratio [95% CI] = 0.51 [0.34, 0.75]; p < 0.001). There were no reported events that required medical assistance (i.e. visits to physician or emergency room or hospitalisations) or were considered severe (i.e. events that caused loss of consciousness, seizure, coma or physical injury) during Ramadan. Conclusions: In Muslim patients with type 2 diabetes who observed the fast during Ramadan, switching to a sitagliptin-based regimen decreased the risk of hypoglycaemia compared with remaining on a sulphonylurea-based regimen. The incidence of hypoglycaemia was lower with gliclazide relative to the other sulphonylurea agents and similar to that observed with sitagliptin.
Design and simulation of a visual and haptic assisted biopsy (ViHAB) system. (2008)

Core needle biopsy is a non-invasive technique for confirming breast and prostate cancer. Several non-real time image based systems have been developed to guide the needle to the target. X-ray, ultrasound (US), MRI or x-ray fluoroscopy are used to guide the needle during biopsy. However, these methods are non-real time or, the imaging technique is two dimensional or, ionizing. Our broad objective is to develop a visually guided, haptically assisted breast biopsy system (ViHAB) using real time 3D US imaging and haptic guidance. ViHAB will help the radiologist identify suspicious tissue and provide real time guidance for core needle biopsy. The ViHAB simulator developed at the Virtual Environment Laboratory is capable of reading and displaying 3-D US images, keep track of micro-calcification in near real time in a sequence of images as well as provide haptic and visual guidance to a virtual needle via a joystick.
Urocortin III-Immunoreactive Projections in Rat Brain: Partial Overlap with Sites of Type 2 Corticotrophin-Releasing Factor Receptor Expression (2002)

Urocortin (Ucn) III, or stresscopin, is a new member of the corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) peptide family identified in mouse and human. Pharmacological studies showed that Ucn III is a high-affinity ligand for the type 2 CRF receptor (CRF-R2). To further understand physiological functions the peptide may serve in the brain, the distribution of Ucn III neurons and fibers was examined by in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry in the rat brain. Ucn III-positive neurons were found predominately within the hypothalamus and medial amygdala. In the hypothalamus, Ucn III neurons were observed in the median preoptic nucleus and in the rostral perifornical area lateral to the paraventricular nucleus. The Ucn III fibers were distributed mainly in the hypothalamus and limbic structures. Hypothalamic regions that were innervated prominently by Ucn III fibers included the ventromedial nucleus, medial preoptic nucleus, and ventral premammillary nucleus. Outside the hypothalamus, the densest projections were found in the intermediate part of the lateral septum, posterior division of the bed nucleus stria terminalis, and the medial nucleus of the amygdala. Several major Ucn III terminal fields identified in the present study, including the lateral septum and the ventromedial hypothalamus, are known to express high levels of CRF-R2. Thus, these anatomical data strongly support the notion that Ucn III is an endogenous ligand for CRF-R2 in these areas. These results also suggest that Ucn III is positioned to play a role in mediating physiological functions, including food intake and neuroendocrine regulation.
Temperature Effects on the Transport Properties of Molecules (2001)

Recent experiments found an unusual temperature-induced large shift in the resonant-tunneling voltage of certain molecules. We report first-principles calculations showing that such behavior can be caused by the excitation of rotational modes of ligands. These modes have classical characteristics, i.e., the maximum excursion is dominant, while at the same time they have a significant effect on the energy levels responsible for resonant tunneling. The proposed mechanism of ligand rotations is unique to molecules and accounts for the fact that the effect is not seen in semiconductor nanostructures.
Studies on flavor components in Shoyu. VI. Shoyu (soy sauce) flavor components: Acidic fractions and the characteristic flavor component. (1980)

From the volatile flavor concentrate of shoyu, acidic I and acidic TI fractions were se-parated. Shoyu was also directly extracted with CH2Cl2 in order to cover the components that were not obtained by the above method, and the extract was separated into ten (A_??_J) fractions. C_??_I fractions were acidic ones. The above fractions were successively analy-zed by gas chromatography and combined gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Con-sequently, 93 components were identified, 36 of which have not been reported previously as constituents of shoyu. The identified compounds were 15 alcohols, 15 carbonyls, 9 esters, 4 lactones, 6 furans, 3 furanones, 5 pyrones, 7 phenols, 13 acids and 16 other compounds. Organoleptically, the caramel-like aroma compounds among them are important for the characteristic flavor of shoyu. 4-Hydroxy-2(or 5)-ethyl-5(or 2)-methyl-3(2H)-furanone (HEMF) and 4-hydroxy-5-methyl-3(2H)-furanone seem to be important, and particularly, in view of the content and the organoleptic property, HEMF is concluded to be the main and most important constituent of the characteristic flavor of shoyu.
A Multi-Fidelity Approach to Predicting Rotor Aerodynamic Interactions (2020)

Recent years have seen a huge interest in large electric multicopters for Urban Air Mobility, commercial package delivery, and military/law enforcement applications. This has lead to a growing interest in modeling the interactional aerodynamic effects of rotors operating in close proximity and their impact on performance. While CFD can be used to understand the detailed physics of multi-rotor interaction, in most cases it is too computationally demanding for performing optimization and uncertainty quantification studies over a range of parameters. On the other hand, lower-fidelity models approximate the underlying physics and are computationally inexpensive, however they are often inaccurate in predicting the desired fields of interest. With this in mind, in this study we present a multi-fidelity approach that inherits the computational efficiency of a low-fidelity model while retaining the accuracy of a high-fidelity method. This approach is based on using the low-fidelity model to span the entire space of parameters, using these results to identify the key parameter values to perform high-fidelity simulations, and then using these in a lifting procedure to determine multi-fidelity solutions at other parameter values. In this manuscript we apply this strategy to determine the disk plots of lift and drag for the two rotors of a multicopter as a function of the longitudinal and vertical distance between them. We note that this strategy can substantially improve upon the low-fidelity results.
Lysosomal Cysteine Proteases: Structure, Function and Inhibition of Cathepsins (2005)

Lysosomal cysteine proteases, a subgroup of the cathepsin family, are critical for normal cellular functions such as general protein turnover, antigen processing and bone remodeling. In the past decade, the number of identified human cathepsins has more than doubled and their known role in several pathologies has expanded rapidly. Increased understanding of the structure and mechanism of this class of enzymes has brought on a new fervor in the design of small molecule inhibitors with the hope of producing specific, therapeutic drugs for diseases such as arthritis, allergy, multiple sclerosis, atherosclerosis, Alzheimer's disease and cancer.
ChemInform Abstract: Chlorination of 5‐(2‐(N‐Silylamino)vinyl)isothiazole and Related Derivatives with N‐Chlorosuccinimide. Inhibition of Ring Transformation (Bond Switch) by Steric Hindrance. (1994)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Data-Driven Requirements Engineering - An Update (2019)

Nowadays, users can easily submit feedback about software products in app stores, social media, or user groups. Moreover, software vendors are collecting massive amounts of implicit feedback in the form of usage data, error logs, and sensor data. These trends suggest a shift toward data-driven user-centered identification, prioritization, and management of software requirements. Developers should be able to adopt the requirements of masses of users when deciding what to develop and when to release. They could systematically use explicit and implicit user data in an aggregated form to support requirements decisions. In this talk we will present and discuss most recent achievements in this direction since the paper's original publication. We will also show to mine data sets mobile apps, give a few success/failure stories and a few practical advises.
Global, regional, and national disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) for 359 diseases and injuries and healthy life expectancy (HALE) for 195 countries and territories, 1990–2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017 (2018)

Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.
Oral Polyphosphate Suppresses Bacterial Collagenase Production and Prevents Anastomotic Leak Due to Serratia marcescens and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (2017)

Polyphosphate administration may be an alternative approach to prevent anastomotic leak induced by collagenolytic bacteria with the advantage of preserving the intestinal microbiome and its colonization resistance.
Skin Burns (2018)

Skin burns are very common injuries that affect people of all ages in all parts of the world. Burns are particularly harmful because damage can be life threatening or, in other cases, can require long-term care accompanied by great physical and emotional pain and economic costs. Full-thickness burns extend through the full depth of the dermal layer into the subcutaneous tissue and require extensive medical treatment. The procedure to calculate the extent of burn injuries requires two steps. First, temperatures within the tissue must be determined. Next, translating these temperatures to an injury criterion must be achieved. The aforementioned calculations were performed using a high-fidelity modeling program; however, the gold standard is, and should be, experimental/clinical evidence. Scald burns or other skin burns are serious concerns for human health and safety. It is possible to reduce the frequency and impact of skin burns by controlled exposure temperatures.
Processors Communications in the Context of Virtual Switch Framework Using the CAN-IOP Protocol (2005)

A CORBA-compliant object request broker (ORB) can facilitate data communication between dissimilar hardware, dissimilar operating systems, and modules written in different languages. Thus, in our proposal all control and management communication occurs within the context of the ORB. Our idea is based on a conception of a free architecture as a CORBA-based middleware for distributed embedded systems built on the CAN bus that realize a virtual switching architecture. This platform has to connect different physical network types. Thus we propose a solution to make it to behave as a router or a switcher. In our proposed framework we will use an ORB that may be conform to the forthcoming Real-time CORBA standards to be embedded in a network switch. Our target switch control environment includes support for virtual switching interface (VSI) which is a protocol that allows multiple independent signalling processors to interact with a switch control processor. The scope of this paper is to conceive an application that controls a such switch using the VSI messaging protocol within the context of embedded ORB over a free distributed and real-time embedded (DRE) architecture built on the CAN bus.
Nonenzymatic isomerization of 9-cis-retinoic acid catalyzed by sulfhydryl compounds. (1997)

Certain thiol-containing compounds catalyze, in a chemical reaction, the isomerization of 9-cis-retinoic acid to a mixture of all-trans-retinoic acid, 9-cis-retinoic acid, 13-cis-retinoic acid, and 9,13-dicis-retinoic acid. In the presence of such catalysts, all-trans-retinoic acid gives rise to the same mixture. Reactions approaching equilibrium contain more all-trans-retinoic acid than either of the other isomers. Small molecules effective as catalysts are mercaptoethanol, L-cysteine methyl ester, glutathione, and N-acetyl-L-cysteine. Apoferritin (a thiol-containing protein), native microsomes, and, to a lesser extent, boiled microsomes catalyze the reaction. In intact cells, these interconversions also occur in a process inhibited by a sulfhydryl-specific reagent. The thiol-catalyzed isomerization of 9-cis-retinoic acid may be relevant in the biological activity of this compound.
LIFE EXPECTANCY FOR CLINICALLY LOCALIZED, LOW-RISK PROSTATE CANCER PATIENTS UNDERGOING ACTIVE SURVEILLANCE VS. IMMEDIATE SURGERY: A MODEL-BASED ANALYSIS (2009)

You have accessJournal of Urology1 Apr 2009LIFE EXPECTANCY FOR CLINICALLY LOCALIZED, LOW-RISK PROSTATE CANCER PATIENTS UNDERGOING ACTIVE SURVEILLANCE VS. IMMEDIATE SURGERY: A MODEL-BASED ANALYSIS Joseph Menzin, Bin Zhang, David W. Lee, Mark Friedman, Jonathan R. Korn, John Kurhanewicz, and Robert Dann Joseph MenzinJoseph Menzin More articles by this author , Bin ZhangBin Zhang More articles by this author , David W. LeeDavid W. Lee More articles by this author , Mark FriedmanMark Friedman More articles by this author , Jonathan R. KornJonathan R. Korn More articles by this author , John KurhanewiczJohn Kurhanewicz More articles by this author , and Robert DannRobert Dann More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5347(09)60469-9AboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail "LIFE EXPECTANCY FOR CLINICALLY LOCALIZED, LOW-RISK PROSTATE CANCER PATIENTS UNDERGOING ACTIVE SURVEILLANCE VS. IMMEDIATE SURGERY: A MODEL-BASED ANALYSIS." The Journal of Urology, 181(4S), p. 163 © 2009 by American Urological AssociationFiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 181Issue 4SApril 2009Page: 163 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2009 by American Urological AssociationMetricsAuthor Information Joseph Menzin More articles by this author Bin Zhang More articles by this author David W. Lee More articles by this author Mark Friedman More articles by this author Jonathan R. Korn More articles by this author John Kurhanewicz More articles by this author Robert Dann More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF downloadLoading ...
Inactivation of Bacillus subtilis Spores Using High Voltage Pulsed Electric Fields (2019)

A suspension of Bacillus subtilis spores was treated by pulsed electric fields (PEF) in a bench scale, continuous system. Structural changes in PEF-treated spores were revealed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The release of dipicolinic acid (DPA) from spores was monitored during the PEF treatment. More than 95% of the B. subtilis spores were inactivated at an electric field strength of 30 to 40 kV/cm for 2 to 3 milliseconds. PEF treatment was most lethal to B. subtilis spores at 36°C. SEM micrographs showed that PEF-treated spores had structural changes similar to those of thermally inactivated spores. The DPA release was correlated with spore inactivation by PEF treatment.