gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Superior Effects of Nebulized Epinephrine to Nebulized Albuterol and Phenylephrine in Burn and Smoke Inhalation-Induced Acute Lung Injury (2020)

ABSTRACT The severity of burn and smoke inhalation-induced acute lung injury (BSI-ALI) is associated with alveolar and interstitial edema, bronchospasm, and airway mucosal hyperemia. Previously, we have reported beneficial effects of epinephrine nebulization on BSI-ALI. However, the underlying mechanisms of salutary effects of nebulized epinephrine remain unclear. The present study compared the effects of epinephrine, phenylephrine, and albuterol on a model of BSI-ALI. We tested the hypothesis that both α 1 - and β 2 -agonist effects are required for ameliorating more efficiently the BSI-ALI. Forty percent of total body surface area, 3rd-degree cutaneous burn, and 48-breaths of cotton smoke inhalation were induced to 46 female Merino sheep. Postinjury, sheep were mechanically ventilated and cardiopulmonary hemodynamics were monitored for 48 h. Sheep were allocated into groups: control, n = 17; epinephrine, n = 11; phenylephrine, n = 6; and albuterol, n = 12. The drug nebulization began 1 h postinjury and was repeated every 4 h thereafter. In the results, epinephrine group significantly improved oxygenation compared to other groups, and significantly reduced pulmonary vascular permeability index, lung wet-to-dry weight ratio, and lung tissue growth factor-β 1 level compared with albuterol and control groups. Epinephrine and phenylephrine groups significantly reduced trachea wet-to-dry weight ratio and lung vascular endothelial growth factor-A level compared with control group. Histopathologically, epinephrine group significantly reduced lung severity scores and preserved vascular endothelial-cadherin level in pulmonary arteries. In conclusion, the results of our studies suggest that nebulized epinephrine more effectively ameliorated the severity of BSI-ALI than albuterol or phenylephrine, possibly by its combined α 1 - and β 2 -agonist properties.
Bioinorganic Chemistry of Titanium (2011)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVReviewNEXTBioinorganic Chemistry of TitaniumKatherine M. Buettner† and Ann M. Valentine*‡View Author Information† Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8107, United States‡ Department of Chemistry, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, United States*E-mail: [email protected]Cite this: Chem. Rev. 2012, 112, 3, 1863–1881Publication Date (Web):November 11, 2011Publication History Received31 August 2011Published online11 November 2011Published inissue 14 March 2012https://doi.org/10.1021/cr1002886Copyright © 2011 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views7557Altmetric-Citations197LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit Read OnlinePDF (3 MB) Get e-AlertscloseSUBJECTS:Elements,Ligands,Metals,Oxides,Titanium Get e-Alerts
An autonomous land vehicle PRV II: progresses and performance enhancement (2002)

PRV II (POSTECH Road Vehicle II) is an intelligent vehicle remodelled from a HYUNDAI van called 'GRACE'. For the navigation algorithm, a new hybrid architecture which is composed of a conventional computer vision mode and a neural network mode is proposed. For each mode, fitness to the road environment is evaluated independently and then the vehicle control commands are obtained by a weighed combination of the outputs of these modes. An intelligent autonomous cruise control feature is added to PRV II by implementing various functions such as collision avoidance, car following and parallel parking. We use a CCD camera and sonar sensors for these algorithms. The position tracking system used in PRV II is based on GPS (Global Positioning System) with gyro and speedometer sensors for dead-reckoning, and the position error sizes are reduced from 60-100 meters to 10-15 meters.
The identification and characterization of a novel protein, c19orf10, in the synovium (2007)

Joint inflammation and destruction have been linked to the deregulation of the highly synthetic fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLSs), and much of our current understanding of the mechanisms that underlie synovitis has been collected from studies of FLSs. During a proteomic analysis of FLS cells, we identified a novel protein, c19orf10 (chromosome 19 open reading frame 10), that was produced in significant amounts by these cells. The present study provides a partial characterization of c19orf10 in FLSs, synovial fluid, and the synovium. Murine monoclonal and chicken polyclonal antibodies were produced against recombinant human c19orf10 protein and used to examine the distribution of c19orf10 in cultured FLSs and in synovial tissue sections from patients with rheumatoid arthritis or osteoarthritis. The intracellular staining pattern of c19orf10 is consistent with localization in the endoplasmic reticulum/Golgi distribution. Sections of rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis synovia expressed similar patterns of c19orf10 distribution with perivascular and synovial lining staining. Double-staining in situ analysis suggests that fibroblast-like synovial cells produced c19orf10, whereas macrophages, B cells, or T cells produced little or none of this protein. There is evidence of secretion into the vascular space and the extracellular matrix surrounding the synovial lining. A competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay confirmed the presence of microgram levels of c19orf10 in the synovial fluids of patients with one of various arthropathies. Collectively, these results suggest that c19orf10 is an FLS-derived protein that is secreted into the synovial fluid. However, the significance of this protein in synovial biology remains to be determined. The absence of known structural motifs or domains and its relatively late evolutionary appearance raise interesting questions about its function.
Development of combined use of neem (Azadirachta indica) and water management for the control of culicine mosquitoes in rice fields (1995)

Crude neem products have earlier shown considerable promise for control of culicine mosquito vectors in rice fields as a by-product of their agricultural use as fertilizers, but suffer from disadvantages of bulkiness and lack of stability in storage. Relatively stable lipid-rich fractions of neem were shown to be as effective as good-quality crude neem products in control of breeding of culicine vectors of Japanese encephalitis, and also produced a slight but significant reduction in populations of anopheline pupae. Neem-based formulations coated over urea significantly increased grain yield, but used alone did not, whereas combining the use of neem-coated urea and water management by intermittent irrigation had a greater effect on grain yield than that of water management alone. The neem fractions were relatively cost-effective, and the combined water management and neem-coated urea strategy is acceptable to farmers, who are already aware of the benefits of the use of neem-coated urea, and of water management. This technology therefore has considerable promise as an environmentally benign method of rice-field mosquito control that could be sustainably implemented by farmers.
BodySnatcher: Towards reliable volatile memory acquisition by software (2007)

Recently there has been a surge in interest in memory forensics: the acquisition and analysis of the contents of physical memory obtained from live hosts. The emergence of kernel level rootkits, anti-forensics, and the threat of subversion that they pose threatens to undermine the reliability of such memory images and digital evidence in general. In this paper we propose a method of acquiring the contents of volatile memory from arbitrary operating systems in a manner that provides point in time atomic snapshots of the host OS volatile memory. Additionally the method is more resistant to subversion due to its reduced attack surface. Our method is to inject an independent, acquisition specific OS into the potentially subverted host OS kernel, snatching full control of the host's hardware. We describe an implementation of this proposal, which we call BodySnatcher, which has demonstrated proof of concept by acquiring memory from Windows 2000 operating systems.
Investigation into a community outbreak of Salmonella Typhi in Bengaluru, India (2017)

Our study demonstrated the discriminatory power and value of ERIC-PCR in the typing of S. Typhi isolates and providing valuable epidemiological insights.
Effect of pH on Drug Release from Polysaccharide Tablets (1998)

Controlled release formations of drugs were prepared with matrix materials of the natural polysaccharides sodium alginate and +/--carrageenan. The drugs used were sodium salicylate (anionic) and lidocaine-HCl (cationic). The release characteristics of the drugs were studied under different pH and compositions of aqueous media. The cationic drug (lidocaine-HCl) was released more slowly than the anionic one (sodium salicylate) because of the negative charge of the matrices. The release from both sodium alginate and +/--carrageenan tablet was retarded in acidic medium. At the same pH of the medium, the release into buffer solutions (containing metallic cations Na(+) and K(+), respectively) was slower than into HC1 solution.
Kluyveromyces lactis zymocin mode of action is linked to RNA polymerase II function via Elongator (2001)

The putative Kluyveromyces lactis zymocin target complex, TOT, from Saccharomyces cerevisiae comprises five Tot proteins, four of which are RNA polymerase II (RNAP II) Elongator subunits. Recently, two more Elongator subunit genes, ELP6 (TOT6) and ELP4 (TOT7), have been identified. Deletions of both TOT6 and TOT7 result in the complex tot phenotype, including resistance to zymocin, thermosensitivity, slow growth and hypersensitivity towards drugs, thus reinforcing the notion that TOT/Elongator may be crucial in signalling zymocicity. Mutagenesis of ELP3/TOT3, the Elongator histone acetyltransferase (HAT) gene, revealed that zymocin sensitivity could be uncoupled from Elongator wild-type function, indicating that TOT interacts genetically with zymocin. To test the possibility that zymocin functions by affecting RNAP II activity in a TOT/Elongator-dependent manner, global poly(A)+ mRNA levels were found to decline drastically on zymocin treatment. Moreover, cells overexpressing Fcp1p, the RNAP II carboxy-terminal domain phosphatase, acquired partial zymocin resistance, whereas cells underproducing RNAP II became zymocin hypersensitive. This suggests that zymocin may convert TOT/Elongator into a cellular poison toxic for RNAP II function and eventually leading to the observed G1 cell cycle arrest.
On grasp choice, grasp models, and the design of hands for manufacturing tasks (1989)

Current analytical models of grasping and manipulation with robotic hands contain simplifications and assumptions that limit their application to manufacturing environments. To evaluate these models, a study was undertaken of the grasps used by machinists in a small batch manufacturing operation. Based on the study, a taxonomy of grasps was constructed. An expert system was also developed to clarify the issues involved in human grasp choice. Comparisons of the grasp taxonomy, the expert system, and grasp-quality measures derived from the analytic models reveal that the analytic measures are useful for describing grasps in manufacturing tasks despite the limitations in the models. In addition, the grasp taxonomy provides insights for the design of versatile robotic hands for manufacturing.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Picosecond pulse generation in a passively mode-locked Bi-doped fibre laser (2009)

CW passive mode locking is achieved in a bismuth-doped fibre laser using a semiconductor saturable absorber mirror optimised for operation in the range 1100–1200 nm. The pump source is a cw ytterbium fibre laser (1075 nm, maximum output power of 2.7 W), and the pulse parameters can be tuned by varying the intracavity group velocity dispersion using a diffraction grating pair. Stable laser pulses are obtained with a duration down to τp ≈ 1.1 ps.
Ruthenium-Mediated Electrochemical Destruction of Organic Wastes (1998)

No industrial process is 100 per cent efficient and the generation of waste, both organic and inorganic, is an unavoidable reality. The recycling of waste is becoming increasingly important as concerns about the environment and the availability of resources come more to the fore, but there remain many waste streams which are not yet suitable for recovery of their reusable content, on the grounds of cost or practicality. Historically, the disposal of such wastes has been either via incineration or release into the environment after neutralisation or immobilisation, in a landfill site or into a drain or sewer, or the like. These options are becoming more restricted as regulations tighten and public perception of any but the most benign discharges worsens. This paper sets out reasons for using electrochemical oxidation with a ruthenium electro-catalyst to provide an effective and environmentally friendly alternative to other technologies. Electrochemical oxidation can effect mineralisation of toxic organic species with minimal generation of secondary waste and efficient recovery of the ruthenium mediator and is particularly suited for the treatment of highly chlorinated and aromatic compounds.
LASER-STIMULATED DOPING OF SILICON WITH MAGNESIUM (1999)

The results of experiments involving the laser-stimulated doping of silicon with magnesium following thermal diffusion are presented. It has been shown that the Nd-laser irradiation (λ=1.06 μ m ) leads to the increase of the solubility and diffusion coefficient of magnesium in silicon. The current-voltage, capacity-voltage characteristics as well as the thermo-stimulated current spectra of doped samples have been investigated. The rectified behavior of the investigated structures is observed. It is shown that the laser irradiation leads to the formation of Mg centers with E c -0.13 eV and E c -0.28 eV energy levels.
Preparation and Antitumour Properties of the Enantiomers of a Hypoxia‐Selective Nitro Analogue of the Duocarmycins (2011)

Racemic 2-{[1-(chloromethyl)-5-nitro-3-{5-[2-(dimethylamino)ethoxy]indol-2-carbonyl}-1,2-dihydro-3H-benzo[e]indol-7-yl]sulfonyl}aminoethyl dihydrogen phosphate, a synthetic nitro derivative of the duocarmycins, is a hypoxia-selective prodrug active against radiation-resistant tumour cells at nontoxic doses in mice. An intermediate in the synthesis of this prodrug was resolved by chiral HPLC and the absolute configuration assigned by X-ray crystallography. The intermediate was used to prepare the prodrug's enantiomers, and also the enantiomers of the active nitro and amino metabolites. In vitro analysis in the human cervical carcinoma cell line SiHa showed that both nitro enantiomers are hypoxia-selective cytotoxins, but the "natural" S enantiomer is at least 20-fold more potent. Examination of extracellular amino metabolite concentrations demonstrated no enantioselectivity in the hypoxia-selective reduction of nitro to amino. Low levels of amino derivative were also found in aerobic cell suspensions, sufficient to account for the observed oxic toxicity of the nitro form. At an equimolar dose in SiHa-tumour bearing animals, the (-)-R enantiomer of the prodrug was inactive, while the (+)-S enantiomer caused significantly more hypoxic tumour cell kill than the racemate. At this dose, the combination of (+)-S-prodrug and radiation eliminated detectable colony-forming cells in four out of five treated tumour-bearing animals.
Caveolin‐1 expression is a predictor of recurrence‐free survival in pT2N0 prostate carcinoma diagnosed in Japanese patients (2003)

The results of the current study confirm that positive caveolin-1 expression is associated with clinical markers of disease progression and is predictive of poor clinical outcome after surgery in Japanese patients with pT2N0 prostate carcinoma.
Spectroscopic diagnostics of a pulsed discharge in high-pressure argon (2010)

Results of investigation of high-pressure argon plasma excited by a high-current pulsed volume discharge are presented. The plasma diagnostics employs spatiotemporal dependences of the emission intensity in the VUV — visible range. A homogenous discharge is observed at pressures up to 10 atm. It is found that the spectrum of the UV — visible photorecombination continuum is sensitive to the discharge constriction. Change in the shape of the spectrum is caused bythe change of the type of positive charge carriers upon passing of the discharge from the uniform phase (molecular Ar2+ ions) to the arc phase (atomic Ar+ ions). Experimental data and model calculations show that the electron heating after the main excitation pulse is a highly undesirable process. It slows down the recombination flow in the plasma, which results in stretching of all the kinetic processes for all excited components in time, and hence in a decrease in the peak values of their concentrations. Electron collision-induced mixing effi-ciently converts the reservoir of long-lived Ar2* molecules in the triplet state into rapidly emitting singlet excimers. It is this mechanism that dominates the production of singlet Ar2* excimer molecules. The threshold concentration needed to obtain lasing at a wavelength of 127 nm on Ar2* excimers (1Σ+u(v=0)) was, according to calculations, about 5×1015 cm-3 for the gain 0.05 cm-1. This concentration can be achieved in the case of homogeneous pulsed discharge pumping with the peak electron concentration 2.×1016 cm-3 at the argon pressure 10 atm.
A priority forwarding scheme for real-time multistage interconnection networks (2003)

The authors propose a priority control scheme for packet switching multistage networks, called priority forwarding, which prevents priority inversion, a situation in which higher priority packets are blocked by lower priority packets. In an N*N omega network, the worst case delay of the priority forwarding scheme on the highest priority packet is O(log/sup 2/ N), while that for round-robin arbitration is O(N). Simulation results show that the priority forwarding scheme offers shorter delays for higher priority packets without throughput degradation and fits least-laxity-first control. The hardware implementation cost of this scheme is relatively small and requires no extra signal lines between routers. Consequently, this scheme offered predictability, scalability, and implementation eligibility.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Fabrication of REBa2Cu3Oy Thin Films for High-Jc Coated Conductors in Magnetic Fields (2004)

We developed a low-temperature growth (LTG) technique as a novel deposition process to obtain RE1+xBa2-xCu3Oy (REBCO) thin films with high superconducting properties. SmBCO films fabricated using the LTG-technique (LTG-SmBCO) showed complete c-axis orientations at a low substrate temperature (Ts). This Ts is about 100°C lower than the Ts when fabricating c-axis oriented SmBCO films using the conventional vapor growth method. Moreover, the critical current density (Jc) of the LTG-SmBCO in magnetic fields at 77 K has been improved reaching a high value of 0.17 MA/cm2 at 5 T (B//c). The magnetic field angular dependence of the Jc at 77 K in LTG-SmBCO had a smaller anisotropy than that in PLD-SmBCO. From the microstructure observation, we found that the LTG-SmBCO showed a compositional fluctuation in Sm/Ba. We assume that the high Jc of LTG-SmBCO was affected by the solid solution acting as three-dimensional pinning center. From the viewpoint of diffusion in the solid phase, we speculated that this solid solution was generated by the low Ts.
Cathepsin S in a Murine Model of Allergic Asthma (B108) (2007)

Abstract Cathepsin S (Cat S), expressed predominately on antigen presenting cells, has been proposed as a therapeutic target for asthma. We used genetic and pharmacological tools to investigate the role of Cat S in murine models of allergic asthma. Mice null for Cat S were protected from OVA-induced pulmonary inflammation, but exhibited no protection from OVA-induced airway hyper-reactivity. To determine the role of Cat S during the challenge phase, we identified a potent and selective Cat S inhibitor, Compound A (Cpd A, IC50 mCat S = 0.6 nM, ≥470 fold selective vs mCat B, K, L), which inhibited antigen presentation in a mouse cell-based assay (IC50 = 44 nM). The prodrug of Cpd A, Cpd B, gave excellent plasma levels of Cpd A when dosed in mice by gavage, or in food. In vivo competition in mice with an irreversible pan-selective cysteine cathepsin probe showed that Cpd B gave selective inhibition of lung and spleen Cat S at 1 mpk, but lost selectivity at 50 mpk. Cpd B was dosed in mice (10, 100 mpk in food) over 4 days of the challenge period in the murine ovalbumin model. Both doses had no effect on bronchoalveolar lavage infiltrating cells, despite showing high levels of Cat S inhibition. Thus, Cat S inhibition in a therapeutic mode does not attenuate airway inflammation in antigen sensitised mice suggesting that anti-Cat S therapy would not be an effective asthma treatment.
Demonstration of a Flexible Bandwidth Optical Transmitter/Receiver System Scalable to Terahertz Bandwidths (2011)

This paper demonstrates a flexible bandwidth-modulation-capable and bandwidth scalable transmitter and receiver technique based on dynamic optical arbitrary waveform generation (OAWG) and measurement (OAWM). This technique generates and receives broadband arbitrary optical waveforms by dividing the waveform spectrum into overlapping spectral slices of bandwidth manageable with existing electronics. The OAWG transmitter produced 2-ns, 60-GHz data waveforms using only 5.5 GHz of analog bandwidth by coherently combining six 10-GHz spectral slices. Measurements were performed using an OAWM receiver with two 30-GHz spectral slices using 15 GHz of analog bandwidth. Experimental demonstrations verify the modulation format independence and flexible bandwidth capabilities of OAWG transmitters and OAWM receivers through the generation of the following waveforms: binary phase-shifted keying (BPSK), coherent wavelength division multiplexing (CoWDM) with 5 and 15 BPSK subcarriers, and orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) with 54 BPSK subcarriers. All waveforms had a bit-error-rate performance better than 7.8 × 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-5</sup> .