gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Mobility Gap and Anomalous Dispersion (1976)

The analysis of the mobility edges given in the last paragraph of this paper should be corrected as follows: The mobility is proportional to v/p, *, in which 7 is the mean free time and p. * is our ef- fective-mass parameter [1 -&R(&u)/s&u]. Equa- tion (9) yields a mean free path l =v,/F"a group velocity n = v,/p, ", and hence a mean free time = p, */I', . Consequently 7'/p, * is independent of p, *, from which we conclude that the mobility is approximately constant just outside the mobility edge, and drops discontinuously to zero inside the mobility gap.
N‐Benzyl‐2,3‐Azetidinedione (2003)

Abstract N‐benzyl‐2,3‐azetidinedione intermediate: methyl 3‐hydroxy‐2‐methylenebutanoate intermediate: Methyl 2‐(benzylamino)methyl‐3‐hydroxybutanoate intermediate: N‐benzyl‐3‐(1‐hydroxyethyl)azetidin‐2‐one intermediate: N‐Benzyl‐3‐(Z/E)‐ethylideneazetidin‐2‐one product: N‐benzylazetidine‐2,3‐dione
EFFECT OF BOVINE THYROID-STIMULATING HORMONE (TSH) ON HUMAN PLASMA TSH LEVELS IN PRIMARY HYPOTHYROIDISM: EVIDENCE AGAINST THE 'SHORT-FEEDBACK' OF TSH IN MAN (1973)

It has been established in animals that anterior pituitary hormones control their own secretion by regulating at a hypothalamic level the release of their hypothalamic factors (Motta, Fraschini & Martini, 1969). If a negative 'short-feedback' of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) on the hypothalamus exists in man, the high plasma TSH levels of untreated primary hypothyroidism should fall markedly after the administration of bovine TSH which shares the biological, but not the immunological, properties of human TSH. This report describes the effects of bovine TSH on human plasma TSH (H-TSH) levels in patients with primary hypothyroidism. Twenty-seven patients with untreated primary hypothyroidism were studied, of whom 20 had been treated with 131I and four by subtotal thyroidectomy for thyrotoxicosis. The remaining three patients had spontaneous primary hypothyroidism. The diagnosis of primary hypothyroidism was made on clinical grounds and on the basis of a low serum protein-bound iodine (< 3·8 μg/100 ml),
CHANGES IN CHARACTERISTICS OF RED-TIDE IN TOKYO BAY (2007)

We developed a numerical model, which consisted of hydrodynamic and ecosystem parts, to describe changes in dominant species of red-tide phytoplankton in Tokyo Bay. Phosphorus flux from the land to the bay in 1974 was 1.8 times as large as that in 2001, and the mole ratio of Si/P during 1974-2001 rose from 9.7 to 19.5. These are consistent with observed phytoplankton succession that diatom is predominant over nondiatom plankton. We confirmed the model accuracy of hydrodynamic part from agreement between the calculated and the observed results on sea temperature, salinity, and nutrient concentrations. A numerical simulation under the inflow condition of the low Si/P ratio was carried out. The results showed that the growth of the non-diatom plankton increased with the decreasing Si/P ratio.
State reconstruction in one-dimensional quantum mechanics: The continuous spectrum (1997)

We show how to reconstruct the quantum state of one-dimensional wave packets in the continuous part of the spectrum. We assume that the position probability distribution is measured for a sufficiently long time interval and that the potential is known, but otherwise arbitrary. Our paper fills the gap between the tomographic state reconstruction based on free evolution [J. Bertrand and P. Bertrand, Found. Phys. 17, 397 (1987)] and the state determination of moving bound states [U. Leonhardt and M. G. Raymer, Phys. Rev. Lett. 76, 1985 (1996)]. Our result may be relevant with respect to the state determination of atomic beams [Ch. Kurtsiefer, T. Pfau, and J. Mlynek, Nature (London) 386, 150 (1997)] moving in arbitrary potentials.
Differential expression and adherence of Porphyromonas gingivalis FimA genotypes (2011)

Porphyromonas gingivalis is a primary pathogen involved in the initiation and progression of adult chronic periodontitis. Its colonization on oral surfaces is a necessary first step leading to infection. FimA, a subunit protein of major (long) fimbriae, is a well-known virulence factor. Based on its nucleotide sequence, FimA is classified into several genotypes. We compared here the transcriptional levels of the fimA gene in several P. gingivalis strains using real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis, fimbrial display on the P. gingivalis surface using transmission electronic microscopy, and the adherence competencies of P. gingivalis strains carrying different types of FimAs towards saliva and Streptococcus gordonii surfaces using mutagenesis analysis. We demonstrated differential expression of each fimA gene in these P. gingivalis strains. A correlation of the transcription level of fimA and binding activity of P. gingivalis was revealed. We show that P. gingivalis strains with genotype I and II of FimA are efficient in interaction with saliva or S. gordonii. This work highlights the important role of FimA type I and II in P. gingivalis attachment to oral surfaces.
CSU-CHILL Polarimetric Radar Measurements from a Severe Hail Storm in Eastern Colorado (1998)

Polarimetric radar measurements made by the recently upgraded CSU-CHILL radar system in a severe hailstorm are analyzed permitting for the first time the combined use of Z h , Z DR , linear depolarization ratio (LDR), K DP , and h to infer hydrometeor types. A chase van equipped for manual collection of hail, and instrumented with a rain gauge, intercepted the storm core for 50 min. The period of golfball-sized hail is easily distinguished by high LDR (greater than or equal to 18 dB), negative Z DR (less than or equal to 0.5 dB), and low h (less than or equal to 0.93) values near the surface. Rainfall accumulation over the entire event (about 40 mm) estimated using K DP is in excellent agreement with the rain gauge measurement. Limited dual-Doppler synthesis using the CSU-CHILL and Denver WSR-88D radars permit estimates of the horizontal convergence at altitudes less than 3 km above ground level (AGL) at 1747 and 1812 mountain daylight time (MDT). Locations of peak horizontal convergence at these times are centered on well-defined positive Z DR columns. Vertical sections of multiparameter radar data at 1812 MDT are interpreted in terms of hydrometeor type. In particular, an enhanced LDR ''cap'' area on top of the the positive Z DR column is interpreted as a region of mixed phase with large drops mixed with partially frozen and frozen hydrometeors. A positive K DP column on the the western fringe of the main updraft is inferred to be the result of drops (1-2 mm) shed by wet hailstones. Swaths of large hail at the surface (inferred from LDR signatures) and positive Z DR at 3.5 km AGL suggest that potential frozen drop embryos are favorably located for growth into large hailstones. Thin section analysis of a sample of the large hailstones shows that 30%-40% have frozen drop embryos.
Basement membrane structure in situ: evidence for lateral associations in the type IV collagen network. (1987)

To determine molecular architecture of the type IV collagen network in situ, the human amniotic basement membrane has been studied en face in stereo relief by high resolution unidirectional metal shadow casting aided by antibody decoration and morphometry. The appearance of the intact basement membrane is that of a thin sheet in which there are regions of branching strands. Salt extraction further exposes these strands to reveal an extensive irregular polygonal network that can be specifically decorated with gold-conjugated anti-type IV collagen antibody. At high magnification one sees that the network, which contains integral (9-11 nm net diameter) globular domains, is formed in great part by lateral association of monomolecular filaments to form branching strands of variable but narrow diameters. Branch points are variably spaced apart by an average of 45 nm with 4.4 globular domains per micron of strand length. Monomolecular filaments (1.7-nm net diameter) often appear to twist around each other along the strand axis; we propose that super helix formation is an inherent characteristic of lateral assembly. A previous study (Yurchenco, P. D., and H. Furthmayr. 1984. Biochemistry. 23:1839) presented evidence that purified murine type IV collagen dimers polymerize to form polygonal arrays of laterally as well as end-domain-associated molecules. The architecture of this polymer is similar to the network seen in the amnion, with lateral binding a major contributor to each. Thus, to a first approximation, isolated type IV collagen can reconstitute in vitro the polymeric molecular architecture it assumes in vivo.
Linear and Order Statistics Combiners for Pattern Classification (1999)

Several researchers have experimentally shown that substantial improvements can be obtained in difficult pattern recognition problems by combining or integrating the outputs of multiple classifiers. This chapter provides an analytical framework to quantify the improvements in classification results due to combining. The results apply to both linear combiners and order statistics combiners. We first show that to a first order approximation, the error rate obtained over and above the Bayes error rate, is directly proportional to the variance of the actual decision boundaries around the Bayes optimum boundary. Combining classifiers in output space reduces this variance, and hence reduces the "added" error. If N unbiased classifiers are combined by simple averaging, the added error rate can be reduced by a factor of N if the individual errors in approximating the decision boundaries are uncorrelated. Expressions are then derived for linear combiners which are biased or correlated, and the effect of output correlations on ensemble performance is quantified. For order statistics based non-linear combiners, we derive expressions that indicate how much the median, the maximum and in general the ith order statistic can improve classifier performance. The analysis presented here facilitates the understanding of the relationships among error rates, classifier boundary distributions, and combining in output space. Experimental results on several public domain data sets are provided to illustrate the benefits of combining and to support the analytical results.
Fast Radial Basis Function Interpolation via Preconditioned Krylov Iteration (2007)

We consider a preconditioned Krylov subspace iterative algorithm presented by Faul, Goodsell, and Powell (IMA J. Numer. Anal. 25 (2005), pp. 1–24) for computing the coefficients of a radial basis function interpolant over N data points. This preconditioned Krylov iteration has been demonstrated to be extremely robust to the distribution of the points and the iteration rapidly convergent. However, the iterative method has several steps whose computational and memory costs scale as $O(N^{2}),$ both in preliminary computations that compute the preconditioner and in the matrix-vector product involved in each step of the iteration. We effectively accelerate the iterative method to achieve an overall cost of $O(N\log N).$ The matrix vector product is accelerated via the use of the fast multipole method. The preconditioner requires the computation of a set of closest points to each point. We develop an $O(N\log N)$ algorithm for this step as well. Results are presented for multiquadric interpolation in $\mathbb{R}^{2}$ and biharmonic interpolation in $\mathbb{R}^{3}$. A novel FMM algorithm for the evaluation of sums involving multiquadric functions in $\mathbb{R}^{2}$ is presented as well.
Effect of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 antagonism on adiposity in obese mice (2013)

Development and maintenance of fat depots require angiogenesis, in which vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and its receptors play a crucial role. We have evaluated the effect of blocking VEGF receptor 2 (VEGF-R2) with a MAB (DC101) on adipose tissue of mice with established obesity. Therefore, obese male wild-type C57B1/6 mice were treated with i.p. injection of DC101 (40 mg/kg body weight, twice weekly during 13 weeks) or of the control antibody 1C8. Treatment with DC101 resulted in a slightly lower body weight but had no effect on subcutaneous (SC) or gonadal (GON) white adipose tissue mass, as monitored by MRI. Histochemical analysis of isolated SC and GON fat pads did not reveal significant effects of DC101 treatment on adipocyte or blood vessel size or density. Plasma levels of the liver enzymes aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase as well as liver triglyceride levels were significantly decreased following DC101 treatment. Plasma glucose levels were markedly lower upon DC101 treatment, whereas insulin and adiponectin levels were not affected. Furthermore, Akt phosphorylation in adipose tissues was not affected. Thus, in vivo VEGF-R2 blockade in mice with established nutritionally induced obesity did not significantly affect insulin signaling in adipose tissue or adiposity.
Electrical conductivity ofI2-doped polyacetylene (1981)

Experimental results on electrical conductivity for iodine-doped polyacetylene at concentrations above 1% molar ratio are presented. In conjunction with Park's data on the thermoelectric power for the same system these results support its microscopic description as an assembly of three-dimensional amorphous semiconducting islands separated by potential barriers.
Load balancing and unbalancing for power and performance in cluster-based systems (2001)

In this paper we address power conservation for clusters of workstations or PCs, such as those that support a large number of research/teaching organizations and most Internet companies. Our approach is to develop systems that dynamically turn cluster nodes on – to be able to handle the load imposed on the system efficiently – and off – to save power underlighter load. The key componentof our systems is an algorithm that makes load balancing and unbalancing decisions by considering both the total load imposed on the cluster and the power and performance implications of turning nodes off. The algorithm is implemented in three different ways: (1) at the application level for a cluster-based, locality-conscious network server; (2) at the operating system level for an operating system for clustered cycle servers; and (3) by application/operating system negotiation, again using the cluster-oriented operating system and a negotiation API. Our experimental results are very favorable, showing that our systems conserve both power and energy in comparison to traditional systems, which do not adapt their configurations.
High Excitation Transfer Efficiency from Energy Relay Dyes in Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells (2010)

The energy relay dye, 4-(Dicyanomethylene)-2-methyl-6-(4-dimethylaminostyryl)-4H-pyran (DCM), was used with a near-infrared sensitizing dye, TT1, to increase the overall power conversion efficiency of a dye-sensitized solar cell (DSC) from 3.5% to 4.5%. The unattached DCM dyes exhibit an average excitation transfer efficiency (ETE) of 96% inside TT1-covered, mesostructured TiO(2) films. Further performance increases were limited by the solubility of DCM in an acetonitrile based electrolyte. This demonstration shows that energy relay dyes can be efficiently implemented in optimized dye-sensitized solar cells, but also highlights the need to design highly soluble energy relay dyes with high molar extinction coefficients.
Breakdown mechanisms in PZT thin film capacitors (1995)

Abstract Breakdowns of PZT thin film capacitors were demonstrated by applying input signals such as DC bias, square waves, triangular waves, and unipolar pulse. Effects of frequency, capacitor size, and pulse width on breakdown were investigated in order to understand breakdown mechanisms. It was confirmed that impulse breakdown is related to rise time of the input signal in association with charging time of the capacitors and steady-state thermal breakdown, pulse width. Energy stored in the ferroelectric capacitors during hysteretic cycling may be additional thermal breakdown source. Electrode burst was observed which may occur due to thermal breakdown through grain boundaries. In addition to breakdown, a new leakage current test technique for FRAM application was suggested in consideration of transient current of the capacitors. In conclusion, breakdown is more serious and leakage current is less serious in FRAM applications than in DRAM applications. Finally, homogeneous polycrystalline structure or single crystal structure is recommended to minimize electrode burst.
Mechanical thrombectomy in patients with acute ischemic stroke and ASPECTS ≤6: a meta-analysis (2019)

Patients with ASPECTS 0-6may benefit from MT. Successful reperfusion increases the probability of 3-month functional independence without increasing the risk of sICH. Patients with ASPECTS 5 and 6 have comparable outcomes. MT can still enable approximately one in four patients with ASPECTS 4 to be independent, whereas only 14% of subjects with ASPECTS 0-3 regain a good functional outcome.
Prospective Clinical Evaluation of the Serologic Tuberculous Glycolipid Test in Combination with the Nucleic Acid Amplification Test (2003)

We have conducted a prospective controlled multicenter study to evaluate differences in the levels of clinical utility of the tuberculous glycolipid (TBGL) serodiagnostic test and the nucleic acid amplification test in patients with smear-negative active pulmonary tuberculosis (TB). The TBGL test and the PCR test were individually not so useful for the rapid diagnosis of smear-negative active pulmonary TB. However, clinical utility was considerably improved by using the TBGL test and the PCR test in combination, especially in patients with smear-negative and culture-negative active pulmonary TB and in patients with minimally advanced lesions.
Core Level and Valence Band Spectra of PbO by XPS (1998)

Core and valence band spectra were obtained from a commercial PbO. The XPS data were collected with a VSW HA150 spectrometer equipped with a monochromatic Al Kα x-ray source and a multichannel detector. This report includes the Pb 4f, Pb 5d, Pb 4d, O 1s, C 1s, and valence band photoemission peaks. The XPS analysis showed the presence of small amounts of adventitious carbon, carbonate, adsorbed water, and significant amounts of hydroxide on the surface of the sample. When collected with achromic radiation the valence band region of PbO is overlapped by the Mg Kα3/4 satellites associated with the relatively intense Pb 5d and O 2s peaks. The use of monochromatic x-radiation allowed one to collect a high resolution valence band spectrum without the interference of these satellite features. This is of particular interest in the study of lead oxides because their XPS valence band spectra present features that can be used successfully to distinguish the different oxide forms.
Social Media in State Politics (2017)

Twitter is a popular online microblogging service that has become widely used by politicians to communicate with their constituents. Gaining understanding of the influence of Twitter in state politics in the United States cannot be achieved without proper computational tools. We present the first attempt to automatically classify tweets of state legislatures (policy makers at the state level) into major policy agenda topics defined by Policy Agendas Project (PAP), which was initiated to group national policies. We investigated the effectiveness of three popular machine learning algorithms, Support Vector Machine (SVM), Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN), and Long Short-Term Memory Network (LSTM). We proposed a new synthetic data augmentation method to further improve classification performance. Our experimental results show that CNN provides the best F1 score of 78.3%. The new data augmentation method improves the classification perfromance by about 2%. Our tool provides a good prediction of the top three popular PAP topics in each month, which is useful for tracking popular PAP topics over time and across states and for comparing with national policy agendas.
Ultrastructure of methanotrophic yeasts (1980)

The cellular structure of two yeast strains capable of growth on methane was investigated by electron microscopy. Microbodies were observed in cells of Sporobolomyces roseus strain Y and Rhodotorula glutinis strain CY when grown on methane but rarely when grown on glucose. The size of the microbodies and the number observed per cell in a thin section did not increase with culture age. No crystalline organization was observed within these organelles. Similar microbodies were also observed in cells of R. glutinis CY grown on hexadecane. The plasma membranes of both methane and hexadecane-grown cells exhibited increased invagination compared to that of glucose-grown cells. Catalase activity was detected in the microbodies of alkane-grown cells by using 3,3'-diaminobenzidine as a cytochemical stain. The data presented suggest that microbodies, and the catalase contained within them, play a role in eucaryotic methane metabolism.
Precipitation Recovery of VO(OH)2 from Sodium Metavanadate Solution and Its Application in a Vanadium Redox Flow Battery (2022)

The vanadium redox flow battery has received intensive attention because of the increasing demand for safe energy storage systems. Generally, V2O5 is used for the preparation of a V electrolyte, but the synthesis of V2O5 from V leaching solution leads to significant environmental impact and requires complicated sequential reduction processes for the preparation of the V electrolyte. For sustainable V electrolyte production, we directly recovered VO(OH)2 from V leaching solution via a reduction–precipitation process using hydrazine (N2H4) as a reducing agent and used the VO(OH)2 to prepare a V electrolyte. When the V concentration was 1 M, the optimal conditions for the V recovery efficiency were a N2H4/V ratio of 1, pH 4, and a reaction time of 3 h. The effect of co-existing ions (Na, Mg, K, Fe, and Al) in the NaVO3 solution was also investigated. K exhibited the strongest adverse effect on the V recovery efficiency, and Fe and Al impurities were not removed from the recovered V compound by the washing process. A V electrolyte was prepared using the recovered VO(OH)2, and its charge–discharge performance was evaluated, revealing a high voltage efficiency (∼90.15% on average) and energy efficiency (∼86.79% on average) at a constant current density of 50 mA/cm2. These results demonstrate that directly using VO(OH)2 to prepare a V electrolyte is a simple and cost-effective process.